bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of High‐Energy Faceted TiO2 Supports on Co and Co−Ru Catalysts for Dry Methane Reforming
Authors: Wasantwisut Somchate , Xiao Yuchen , Feng Pingyun , Gilliard‐Abdul‐Aziz Kandis Leslie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reforming of methane from biogas has been proposed as a promising method of CO2 utilization. Co‐based catalysts are promising candidates for dry methane reforming. However, the main constraints limiting the large‐scale use of Co‐based catalysts are deactivation through carbon deposition (coking) and sintering due to weak metal‐support interaction. We studied the structure‐function properties and catalytic behavior of Co/TiO2 and Co−Ru/TiO2 catalysts using two different types of TiO2 supports, commercial TiO2 and faceted non‐stoichiometric rutile TiO2 crystals (TiO2*). The Co and Ru metal particles were deposited on TiO2 supports using a wet‐impregnation method with the percentage weight loading of Co and Ru of 5% and 0.5%, respectively. The materials were characterized using SEM, STEM‐HAADF, XRD, XPS and BET. The catalytic performance was studied using the CH4 : CO2 ratio of 3 : 2 to mimic the methane‐rich biogas composition. Our results indicate that the addition of Ru to Co catalysts supported on TiO2* reduces carbon deposition and influences oxygen mobility. Co and Co−Ru catalysts supported on TiO2* has superior activity with the highest conversion of CO2 and CH4 of 34.7% and 23.5%, respectively. Despite the improved performance, the Co−Ru/TiO2* catalyst has limited stability due to the proliferation of nanoparticle growth and TiOx layers on the surface of the nanoparticles indicating the prevalence of the strong‐metal support interaction.
Conditional Neural Process for nonparametric modeling of active galactic nuclei light curves
Authors: Čvorović‐Hajdinjak Iva , Kovačević Andjelka B. , Ilić Dragana , Popović Luka Č. , Dai Xinyu , Jankov Isidora , Radović Viktor , Sánchez‐Sáez Paula , Nikutta Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe consequences of complex disturbed environments in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole are not well represented by standard statistical models of optical variability in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Thus, developing new methodologies for investigating and modeling AGN light curves is crucial. Conditional Neural Processes (CNPs) are nonlinear function models that forecast stochastic time series based on a finite amount of known data without the use of any additional parameters or prior knowledge (kernels). We provide a CNP algorithm that is specifically designed for simulating AGN light curves. It was trained using data from the All‐Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, which included 153 AGN. We present CNP modeling performance for a subsample of five AGNs with distinctive difficult‐to‐model properties. The performance of CNP in predicting temporal flux fluctuation was assessed using a minimizing loss function, and the results demonstrated the algorithm's usefulness. Our preliminary parallelization experiments show that CNP can efficiently handle large amounts of data. These results imply that CNP can be more effective than standard tools in modeling large volumes of AGN data (as anticipated from time‐domain surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time).
Cost analysis of subcritical water pretreatment of sugarcane straw and bagasse for second‐generation bioethanol production: a case study in a sugarcane mill
Authors: Sganzerla William Gustavo , Lachos‐Perez Daniel , Buller Luz Selene , Zabot Giovani L. , Forster‐Carneiro Tânia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe value of lignocellulose residues for green technologies has been growing, but biomass pretreatment is still an economic challenge. In this case study, a cost analysis of subcritical water pretreatment (SCWP) of sugarcane by‐products for ethanol production was conducted. The proposed industrial scheme is attached to a Brazilian sugarcane mill, which generates a surplus of bagasse. Seven scenarios were simulated to address the prospects of the implementation of the process in the mill. The fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate with Scheffersomyces stipitis upgraded the ethanol yield. The fixed capital investment of the industrial process was approximately US$27 million and 35% of this was associated with the SCWP. The highest ethanol yield was obtained for the process operated with hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse (6740.5 kg ethanol day−1), which is associated with the high hemicellulose content in the bagasse composition compared with straw. The cost difference revealed that the fixed capital investment and utilities were the largest expenses for process implementation and operation. The simulated process reached 5.45 US$ L−1 as the lowest cost of manufacturing. However, this cost is approximately 10‐fold higher than the market price for ethanol in Brazil. In conclusion, the SCWP of sugarcane straw and bagasse demands significant technical improvement before scaling up to the industrial scale for bioethanol production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Robust group sequential designs for trials with survival endpoints and delayed response
Authors: Ghosh Pranab , Ristl Robin , König Franz , Posch Martin , Jennison Christopher , Götte Heiko , Schüler Armin , Mehta Cyrus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRandomized clinical trials in oncology typically utilize time‐to‐event endpoints such as progression‐free survival or overall survival as their primary efficacy endpoints, and the most commonly used statistical test to analyze these endpoints is the log‐rank test. The power of the log‐rank test depends on the behavior of the hazard ratio of the treatment arm to the control arm. Under the assumption of proportional hazards, the log‐rank test is asymptotically fully efficient. However, this proportionality assumption does not hold true if there is a delayed treatment effect. Cancer immunology has evolved over time and several cancer vaccines are available in the market for treating existing cancers. This includes sipuleucel‐T for metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer, nivolumab for metastatic melanoma, and pembrolizumab for advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer. As cancer vaccines require some time to elicit an immune response, a delayed treatment effect is observed, resulting in a violation of the proportional hazards assumption. Thus, the traditional log‐rank test may not be optimal for testing immuno‐oncology drugs in randomized clinical trials. Moreover, the new immuno‐oncology compounds have been shown to be very effective in prolonging overall survival. Therefore, it is desirable to implement a group sequential design with the possibility of early stopping for overwhelming efficacy. In this paper, we investigate the max‐combo test, which utilizes the maximum of two weighted log‐rank statistics, as a robust alternative to the log‐rank test. The new test is implemented for two‐stage designs with possible early stopping at the interim analysis time point. Two classes of weights are investigated for the max‐combo test: the Fleming and Harrington (1981) weights and the Magirr and Burman (2019) modest weights.
Loss of a newly discovered microRNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells leads to upregulation of N‐glycolylneuraminic acid sialylation on monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Fischer Simon , Mathias Sven , Stadermann Anna , Yang Shumin , Schmieder Valerie , Zeh Nikolas , Schmidt Nicoletta , Richter Patrick , Wright Sara , Zimmermann Eike , Ley Yan , van der Meer Julia , Hartsch Thomas , Bernloehr Christian , Otte Kerstin , Bradl Harald , Gamer Martin , Schulz Patrick 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are known not to express appreciable levels of the sialic acid residue N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA) on monoclonal antibodies. However, we actually have identified a recombinant CHO cell line expressing an IgG with unusually high levels of NGNA sialylation (>30%). Comprehensive multi‐OMICs based experimental analyses unraveled the root cause of this atypical sialylation: (1) expression of the cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene was spontaneously switched on, (2) CMAH mRNA showed an anti‐correlated expression to the newly discovered Cricetulus griseus (cgr) specific microRNA cgr‐miR‐111 and exhibits two putative miR‐111 binding sites, (3) miR‐111 expression depends on the transcription of its host gene SDK1, and (4) a single point mutation within the promoter region of the sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1 (SDK1) gene generated a binding site for the transcriptional repressor histone H4 transcription factor HINF‐P. The resulting transcriptional repression of SDK1 led to a downregulation of its co‐expressed miR‐111 and hence to a spontaneous upregulation of CMAH expression finally increasing NGNA protein sialylation.
LncRNA GAS5 positively regulates IL‐10 expression in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis
Authors: Peng Shuangshuang , Huang Yangping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionLncRNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has been proven to be involved in autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of autoimmune disease that may affect myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. However, its direct role in MG is unknown.MethodsOur study included 62 generalized MG patients. GAS5 expression was analyzed with real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). The interaction between GAS5 and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) was explored in overexpressed cells using real time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT‐qPCRs) and western blot. The correlation of GAS5 and IL‐10 was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. The diagnostic value of GAS5 for MG was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsGAS5 and IL‐10 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly lower in MG patients than healthy controls. Downregulated GAS5 effectively distinguished MG patients from healthy controls. GAS5 expression was positively correlated with IL‐10 expression in both MG patients and healthy controls. GAS5 overexpression significantly upregulated IL‐10 expression in PBMCs derived from both MG patients and healthy controls.ConclusionLncRNA GAS5 may improve generalized MG by positively regulating IL‐10 expression.
Screening Children with a History of Maltreatment for PTSD in Frontline Social Care Organisations: An Explorative Study
Authors: Duffy Michael , Walsh Colm , Mulholland Ciaran , Davidson Gavin , Best Paul , Bunting Lisa , Herron Stephen , Quinn Paul , Gillanders Catherine , Sheehan Caroline , Devaney John 
Published: December 2021

Traumatic experiences during childhood are common and often lead to chronic mental health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary aim of this study was to determine whether a well‐validated screening tool for PTSD administered in frontline services effectively identifies diagnosable PTSD in young people with a history of maltreatment. In total, 141 young people in community care settings were screened using three screening instruments (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale‐8; Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐2; Patient Health Questionnaire‐2). Participants described a range of adverse life events: 110 of the 141 participants reported at least one adverse life experience (mean number for the total sample was 2.8), with 44.2 per cent (n = 46) experiencing at least one form of interpersonal trauma; and 102 participants (72.3 per cent) screened positively for probable PTSD and subsequent mental health assessments confirmed this condition in 64.7 per cent of these participants. Further, 36.9 per cent (n = 52) and 46.8 per cent (n = 66) met the threshold for probable depression and anxiety, respectively. Three items were associated with positive PTSD screens: a history of being on the child protection register, previous mental health contact and interpersonal index trauma. Interpersonal traumas were also associated with higher risks of offending. It seems feasible to use screening measures effectively within frontline social care services if staff are provided with appropriate training and support to identify young people with PTSD who may benefit from evidence‐based mental health therapies.Key Practitioner Messages

There is strong evidence of the link between childhood adversities and poor mental health, including PTSD.
This study found that a short instrument can be embedded within social care services to screen children and young people for PTSD.
It is important that frontline staff have the necessary training and tools to understand the effects of trauma and screen children's mental health in order to facilitate access to effective therapies at an early stage.
Controlling Protein Enrichment in Lipid Sponge Phase Droplets using SNAP‐Tag Bioconjugation
Authors: Moinpour Mahta , Fracassi Alessandro , Brea Roberto J. , Salvador‐Castell Marta , Pandey Sudip , Edwards Madison M. , Seifert Soenke , Joseph Simpson , Sinha Sunil K. , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAll cells use organized lipid compartments to facilitate specific biological functions. Membrane‐bound organelles create defined spatial environments that favor unique chemical reactions while isolating incompatible biological processes. Despite the fundamental role of cellular organelles, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing functional artificial lipid‐based compartments. Here, we demonstrate a robust bioconjugation system for sequestering proteins into zwitterionic lipid sponge phase droplets. Incorporation of benzylguanine (BG)‐modified phospholipids that form stable covalent linkages with an O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (SNAP‐tag) fusion protein enables programmable control of protein capture. We show that this methodology can be used to anchor hydrophilic proteins at the lipid‐aqueous interface, concentrating them within an accessible but protected chemical environment. SNAP‐tag technology enables the integration of proteins that regulate complex biological functions in lipid sponge phase droplets, and should facilitate the development of advanced lipid‐based artificial organelles.
Overexpression of NDUFV1 alleviates renal damage by improving mitochondrial function in unilateral ureteral obstruction model mice
Authors: Wang Ruiting , Kairen Chen , Li Lu , Zhang Lingling , Gong Haifeng , Huang Xinzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMitochondrial homeostasis plays essential role for the proper functioning of the kidney. NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (NDUFV1) is an enzyme in the complex I of electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria. In the present study, we examined the effects of NDUFV1 on renal function in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model mice. Our data showed that increased expression of NDUFV1 improves kidney function as evidenced by the decreases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in UUO mice. Moreover, NDUFV1 also maintains renal structures and alleviates renal fibrosis induced by UUO surgery. Mechanistically, NDUFV1 mitigates the increased oxidative stress in the kidney in UUO model mice. Meanwhile, increased expression of NDUFV1 in the kidney improves the integrity of the complex I and potentiates the complex I activity. Overall, these results indicate that the ETC complex I plays a beneficial role against renal dysfunction induced by acute kidney injury such as UUO. Therefore, NDUFV1 might be a druggable target for developing agents for dealing with disabled mitochondria‐associated renal diseases.
TRIM7 suppresses cell invasion and migration through inhibiting HIF‐1α accumulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Chao , Liu Junli , Liu Ling , Jia Hongying , Gao Qi , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Jingjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one frequent form of urologic malignancy characterized by deregulated hypoxia‐inducible factor signaling, genetic and epigenetic alterations. Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality from ccRCC, and understanding the underlying mechanism of this event will provide better strategies for its management. Here, we identify tripartite motif containing 7 (TRIM7) as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC cells, which negatively regulates hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) signaling through targeting the proto‑oncogene Src. We observed the downregulated expression of TRIM7 in clinical ccRCC tissues and its correlation with the poor prognosis. In Caki‐1 cells, depletion of TRIM7 increased cell migration and invasion under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. TRIM7 markedly reduced the abundance of Src protein via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Further study showed that TRIM7 affected HIF‐1α accumulation through targeting either the Src‐triggered PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway or reactive oxygen species production. Overall, our findings highlight a novel mechanism for negative regulation of HIF‐1 signaling pathway by TRIM7 and define a promising therapeutic strategy for ccRCC by modulating TRIM7.
Impact of blood pressure on coronary perfusion and valvular hemodynamics after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Vogl Brennan J. , Darestani Yousef M. , Lilly Scott M. , Thourani Vinod H. , Alkhouli Mohamad A. , Lindman Brian R. , Hatoum Hoda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the impact of various blood pressures (BPs) on coronary perfusion and valvular hemodynamics following aortic valve replacement (AVR).BackgroundLower systolic and diastolic (SBP/DBP) pressures from the recommended optimal target range of SBP < 120–130 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg after AVR have been independently associated with increased cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality.MethodsThe hemodynamic assessment of a 26 mm SAPIEN 3 transcatheter aortic valve (TAV), 29 mm Evolut R TAV, and 25 mm Magna Ease surgical aortic valve (SAV) was performed in a pulsed left heart simulator with varying SBP, DBP, and heart rate (HR) conditions (60 and 120 bpm) at 5 L/min cardiac output (CO). Average coronary flow (CF), effective orifice areas (EOAs), and valvulo‐arterial impedance (Zva) were calculated.ResultsAt HR of 60 bpm, at SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 60 mmHg, CF decreased below the physiological lower limit with several different valves. Zva and EOA were found to increase and decrease respectively with increasing SBP and DBP. The same results were found with an HR of 120 bpm. The trends of CF variation with BP were similar in all valves however the drop below the lower physiological CF limit was valve dependent.ConclusionIn a controlled in vitro system, with different aortic valve prostheses in place, CF decreased below the physiologic minimum when SBP and DBP were in the range targeted by blood pressure guidelines. Combined with recent observations from patients treated with AVR, these findings underscore the need for additional studies to identify the optimal BP in patients treated with AVR for AS.
Ambient Temperature Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Mediated by Ate Complexes
Authors: Fouilloux Hugo , Thomas Christophe M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFinding catalysts that are both robust and highly active at room temperature can often be considered as a daunting challenge. Yet, these features are desirable for polymer synthesis as they allow to produce materials of interest easily and sustainably. Herein, commercial reagents are used to form in situ “ate” complexes which were found to be highly active in the room temperature anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Also of particular interest is their ability to polymerize rac‐lactide, and even form block copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(lactic acid).
Electronic Circular Dichroism Imaging (ECDi) Casts a New Light on the Origin of Solid‐State Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Górecki Marcin , Lipparini Filippo , Albano Gianluigi , Jávorfi Tamás , Hussain Rohanah , Siligardi Giuliano , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid‐state ECD (ss‐ECD) spectra of a model microcrystalline solid, finasteride, dispersed into a KCl pellet were recorded by using the synchrotron radiation source at the Diamond B23 beamline. Scanning a surface of 36 mm2 with a step of 0.5 mm, we measured a set of ECD imaging (ECDi) spectra very different from each other and from the ss‐ECD recorded with a bench‐top instrument (1 cm2 area). This is due to the anisotropic part of the ECD (ACD), which averages to zero in solution or on a large number of randomly oriented crystallites, but can otherwise be extremely large. Two‐way singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, through experimental and simulated TDDFT spectra, disclosed that the measured and theoretical principal components are in line with each other. This finding demonstrates that the observed isotropic ss‐ECD spectrum is governed by the anisotropy of locally oriented crystals. It also introduces a new quality for ss‐ECD measurements and opens a new future for probing and mapping chiral materials in the solid state such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Amines by Titanium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkynes with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Kaper Tobias , Geik Dennis , Fornfeist Felix , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes with tertiary amines take place in the presence of catalytic amounts of TiBn4, Ph3C[B(C6F5)4], and a sterically demanding aminopyridinato ligand precursor. The resulting products, synthetically and pharmaceutically useful tertiary β,γ‐disubstituted allylic amines, are formed in convincing yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. Particularly promising for future applications is the fact that even the industrial side product trimethylamine can be used as a substrate.