bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Plasma Assisted Sol‐Gel Synthesis of TiO2 Photocatalyst for DC Plasma Jet Driven Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Ayyaz Muhammad , Shukrullah Shazia , Naz Muhammad Y. , AbdEl‐Salam Nasser M. , Ibrahim Khalid A. , Mohamed Hassan F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new microwave plasma assisted sol‐gel (MPAS) technique was adopted to produce Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst by using pure and mixed stabilizers. The crystalline phases, composition, bandgap energy and surface morphology of TiO2 were studied through SEM, XRD, FT‐IR, UV‐Visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The average particle size of MPAS synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles remained smaller than the simple sol‐gel method while bandgap energy increased by 40 %. The rutile content and crystallinity of nanoparticles were also found higher in MPAS synthesized TiO2 than the simple sol‐gel method. The type of stabilizer only effected the particle size but not the phase transformations of TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 photocatalyst with band gap of 3.06 eV was used to degrade methylene blue dye in water under the exposure of open atmosphere argon plasma jet. UV radiation intensity of the plasma jet at a distance of 2 cm was 576 μW/cm2, which reduced to 149 μW/cm2 at 10 cm. The plasma jet produced some highly reactive species and UV radiations. The reactive species reacted with dye molecules while UV radiations promoted the activity of TiO2. The dye degradation efficiency of the process, under the combined effect of reactive species and TiO2 activity, reached to 95 % after 30 min of plasma exposure time.
Tandem Conjugate Addition/Aromatization/Acyl Transfer Reaction between 3‐Aryl‐2‐nitropropanoates and Quinone Monoimines
Authors: Cheng Shao‐Bing , Liu Hui , Jing Yi , Cao Lian‐Yi , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA tandem conjugate addition/aromatization/acyl transfer reaction between 3‐aryl‐2‐nitropropanoates and quinone monoimines was described. In the presence of NMM, the reaction proceeded smoothly to give various 1,2‐diarylnitroethanes in low to good yields. The structure of one product was determined by an X‐ray crystal structural analysis. Accordingly, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Synthesis of α‐Amidoacrylates Containing a 3‐Ylideneoxindole Motif
Authors: Song Shuai , Li Ya , Chen De‐Yin , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Yong‐Liang , Chen Ling‐Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBoth the α‐amidoacrylate and 3‐ylideneooxindole frameworks are important in medicinal chemistry because of their associated biological activities. We report a novel approach to accessing α‐amidoacrylates containing a 3‐ylideneoxindole motif through a novel cascade process involving condensation between 3‐fluorooxindoles and α‐iminoacetates followed by elimination of HF. This protocol has a broad substrate scope: N‐alkyl‐, N‐aryl‐, N‐allyl‐, N‐propargyl 3‐fluorooxindoles and 3‐fluorooxindoles with different substituents on the aromatic rings were all suitable for this reaction. A plausible reaction pathway is also presented.
Sustainable Synthesis of Amides from Ethyl 3‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl) Propionate
Authors: Lima Rafaely N. , de L. L. Vaz Artur , Clososki Giuliano C. , Porto André L. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiocatalytic methods have shown to be a versatile choice for obtaining a large number of organic compounds under a non‐natural reaction condition. Another efficient approach is the continuous‐flow system, which when combined with enzyme catalysis can make the process even more environmentally friendly. Based on this, amides from ethyl 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) propanoate were obtained, catalyzed by Lipase B of Candida Antarctica (CAL−B) (41 %–75 %, 6–24 h) or in a free solvent/catalyst system (69–99 %, 72 h). The efficiency of amide synthesis was improved using a continuous‐flow system, reducing the reaction time to 10 min of residence in presence of CAL−B. These results represent a contribution to the sustainable synthesis of compounds with cosmetic potential and pharmacological properties.
Role of knowledge management in developing higher education partnerships: Towards a conceptual framework
Authors: Elezi Enis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research study discusses the role of knowledge management (KM) in facilitating the composition and development of higher education (HE) partnerships. The paper identifies and discusses the KM behavioural constructs, in other words, the fundamental elements that indicate the behaviour of higher education institutions (HEIs) and that impact the development of a partnership. Furthermore, this work explores institutional and partnership factors that affect the development of partnerships and compiles a list of KM activities deemed necessary to assist HEIs in exchanging knowledge in a partnership setting. The proposed conceptual framework can serve as a diagnostic instrument, assisting HE executives, managers, practitioners and researchers in being able to assess institutional capabilities for collaborative undertakings. The work presented in this paper aims to encourage further academic discussions as to how KM concepts can be used to assist HEIs in working together and overcoming challenges for sustainable development in the digital era.
Three new V‐shape dicarboxylate coordination polymers: syntheses, crystal structures and properties
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree new coordination polymers (CPs) with the formulas of [Zn2(SDBA)2(im)4]n (1), [CdCa(SDBA)2(DMA)(H2O)]n ⋅ 2n(DMA) (2) and [Cu(SDBA)0.5(μ2‐OH)]n (3) (H2SDBA=4,4’‐dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone, im=imidazole, DMA=N,N’‐dimethylacetamide) have been synthesized under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions and characterized by elemental analyses, powder x‐ray diffraction analyses, thermogravimetric analyses and single crystal X‐ray structural analyses. CP 1 displays a 1D double chain structure consolidated by N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, which are further extended into a 3D supramolecular framework via the help of intermolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. CP 2 features a 2D layered structure based on 1D −[Cd−(COO)2−Ca]n− chains. Interestingly, in this 2D layer there exists large 1D channels that are occupied by the coordinated DMA molecules, coordinated water molecules and free DMA molecules. CP 3 has a 3D framework based on 1D −[Cu−(COO)(μ2‐OH)−Cu]n− chains. The luminescent properties of CPs 1 and 2, gas adsorption properties of 2 a (solvent‐free form of CP 2), and photocatalytic property of CP 3 were also investigated.
Poisson equation for genus two string invariants: a conjecture
Authors: Basu Anirban 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider some string invariants at genus two that appear in the analysis of the D8ℛ4 and D6ℛ5 interactions in type II string theory. We conjecture a Poisson equation involving them and the Kawazumi-Zhang invariant based on their asymptotic expansions around the non-separating node in the moduli space of genus two Riemann surfaces.
On the long-run dynamics of income and wealth inequality
Authors: Ghoshray Atanu , Malki Issam , Ordóñez Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analyse top income and wealth shares data, by conducting a robust estimation of trends, tests for structural breaks, and tests for determining persistence. We include Anglo-Saxon countries, continental Europe and Asian countries, grouped under different percentiles and deciles, spanning a period that is at least close to a century. We find that the top income shares for almost all countries are characterised by broken trends, or level shifts. The preponderance of trend breaks appears in the 1970s and 1980s where after a negative trend changes in magnitude or direction. Finally, shocks to the top income share data are not transitory, which have consequences for policy such as advocating redistributive measures.
Efficient numerical simulation of the human voice
Authors: Maurerlehner Paul , Schoder Stefan , Freidhager Clemens , Wurzinger Andreas , Hauser Alexander , Kraxberger Florian , Falk Sebastian , Kniesburges Stefan , Echternach Matthias , Döllinger Michael , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe process of voice production is a complex process and depends on the correct interaction of the vocal folds and the glottal airstream inducing the primary voice source, which is subsequently modulated by the vocal tract. Due to the restricted access to the glottis, not all aspects of the three-dimensional process can be captured by measurements without influencing the measurement object. Hence, the application of a numerical tool capturing the physical process of phonation can provide an extended database for voice treatment and, therefore, can contribute to an increased effectiveness of voice treatment. However, such numerical models involve complex and demanding procedures to model the material behavior and the mechanical contact of the vocal folds and to realize moving boundaries of the involved physical domains. The present paper proposes a numerical model calledsimVoice, which circumvents these computational expenses by prescribing the experimentally obtained vocal fold motion within the simulation. Additionally, a hybrid approach for sound computation further enhances the computational efficiency and yields good agreement with acoustic measurements. An analysis of the computational workloads suggests that the key factor for a further increase in efficiency is an optimized flow simulation and source term computation.
Construction of projective special Kähler manifolds
Authors: Mantegazza Mauro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present an intrinsic characterisation of projective special Kähler manifolds in terms of a symmetric tensor satisfying certain differential and algebraic conditions. We show that this tensor vanishes precisely when the structure is locally isomorphic to a standard projective special Kähler structure on $$\mathrm {SU}(n,1)/\mathrm {S}(\mathrm {U}(n)\mathrm {U}(1))$$

SU
(
n
,
1
)
/
S
(
U
(
n
)
U
(
1
)
)

. We use this characterisation to classify 4-dimensional projective special Kähler Lie groups.
Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Wei , Gao Zhongbao , Yin Xi , Chen Tong , Jiang Ziying , Wang Zhenfu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome (DHS) is a rare but life-threatening disease. The clinical manifestations of this syndrome overlap substantially with Parkinson hyperpyrexia syndrome and serotonin syndrome and are often confused by clinicians. The purpose of this review was to enable clinicians to recognize this syndrome and thereby reach a correct diagnosis and provide optimal treatments to improve prognosis in clinical practice.

Methods
Using the methodology described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases using keywords in titles and abstracts of published literature. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results
A total of 11 patients obtained from nine publications were included in this systematic review. All of the cases occurred in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) of long disease duration. High ambient temperature was the most common trigger of this syndrome. Hyperpyrexia and dyskinesias were present in all cases. The consciousness disturbances of this syndrome included confusion, hallucination, and lethargy or stupor. Autonomic dysfunction (except for hyperpyrexia) is uncommon in DHS, and only two patients presented with tachycardia. The treatment of this syndrome included supportive interventions (including rehydration, anti-pyretic and anti-infection treatments, and maintaining electrolyte balance), dopaminergic drug reduction and sedation. Two patients died due to DHS.

Conclusions
We summarized the triggers, clinical features, and treatments of all reported dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome cases, proposed guiding diagnostic criteria, and established a flow chart to guide diagnoses to quickly identify these three syndromes in clinical practice.
Speckle tracking echocardiography in primary mitral regurgitation: should we reconsider the time for intervention?
Authors: Pastore Maria Concetta , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Dokollari Aleksander , Bisleri Gianluigi , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Santoro Ciro , Miglioranza Marcelo Haertel , Focardi Marta , Cavigli Luna , Patti Giuseppe , Valente Serafina , Mondillo Sergio , Cameli Matteo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thanks to the improvement in mitral regurgitation (MR) diagnostic and therapeutic management, with the introduction of minimally invasive techniques which have considerably reduced the individual surgical risk, the optimization of the timing for MR “open” or percutaneous surgical treatment has become a main concern which has highly raised scientific interest. In fact, the current indications for intervention in MR, especially in asymptomatic patients, rely on echocardiographic criteria with high severity cut-offs that are fulfilled only when not only mitral valve apparatus but also the cardiac chambers’ structure and function are severely impaired, which results in poor benefits for post-operative clinical outcome. This led to the need of new indices to redefine the optimal surgical timing in these patients. Speckle tracking echocardiography provides early markers of cardiac dysfunction due to subtle myocardial impairment; therefore, it could offer pivotal information in this setting. In fact, left ventricular and left atrial strains have already shown evidence about their usefulness in recognizing MR impact not only on symptoms and quality of life but also on cardiovascular events and new-onset atrial fibrillation in these patients. Moreover, right ventricular strain could be used to identify those patients with advanced cardiac damage and different grades of right ventricular dysfunction, which entails higher risks for cardiac surgery that could overweigh surgical benefits. This review aims to describe the importance of reconsidering the timing of intervention in MR and to analyze the potential additive value of speckle tracking echocardiography in this clinical setting.
Norwegian Shelters for Victims of Domestic Violence in the COVID-19 Pandemic – Navigating the New Normal
Authors: Bergman Solveig , Bjørnholt Margunn , Helseth Hannah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study elucidates the responses of shelters and their adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects on their services to victims of violence, as well as how shelter managers assess the situation for victims, including changes in the rates and character of the violence observed by the shelters. A web-based survey was distributed twice to all Norwegian shelters (N = 46): first during the lockdown in spring 2020 and second during the relaxation of infection control measures in summer 2020. The shelters in Norway remained open during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority saw a reduction in the number of requests during the lockdown, while the rates returned to normal when the strictest infection control measures were lifted. They expressed concern about the decline in requests during the lockdown as well as the well-being of some groups, such as victims from ethnic minority backgrounds, children, and victims with additional challenges. A majority of the shelters did not report changes in the content of the requests. Nevertheless, a third of them had observed instances of the virus and/or infection control measures being used by perpetrators as part of the violence and coercive control strategies. The shelters in Norway, as an integrated part of the welfare state, in general seem to have met the needs of their clients during the pandemic. Yet, the study revealed important inequalities and deficiencies in access to services for some groups, and in the general support and recognition by authorities of the shelters.
The Role of Exposure to Neighborhood and School Poverty in Understanding Educational Attainment
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Jaap , Kleinepier Tom , van Ham Maarten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBecause the demographic composition of neighborhoods and schools overlaps, their effects on educational attainment are not independent of each other. Throughout the early teenage years, the timing and duration of exposure to neighborhood and school contexts can vary, advocating for a longitudinal approach when studying schooling outcomes. This study uses Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children data (N = 4502; 49% female) to examine how exposure to poverty between ages 10–16 predicts educational attainment. The results indicate that enduring exposure to neighborhood poverty relates to educational attainment, while timing does not. For school poverty, longer exposure is related to lower attainment, but earlier exposure has a stronger impact than later exposure. Adolescents who were exposed to poverty in both contexts for the full observation period had the lowest educational attainment. The findings highlight the importance of understanding when and how long adolescents are exposed to contextual poverty.
Material Environments and the Shaping of Anorexic Embodiment: Towards A Materialist Account of Eating Disorders
Authors: Eli Karin , Lavis Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnorexia nervosa is a paradoxical disorder, regarded across disciplines as a body project and yet also an illness of disembodied subjectivity. This overlooks the role that material environments—including objects and spaces—play in producing embodied experiences of anorexia both within and outside treatment. To address this gap, this paper draws together two ethnographic studies of anorexia to explore the shared themes unearthed by research participants’ engagements with objects that move across boundaries between treatment spaces and everyday lives. Demonstrating how the anorexic body is at once both phenomenologically lived and socio-medically constituted, we argue that an attention to materiality is crucial to understanding lived experiences. A materialist account of anorexia extends the literature on treatment resistance in eating disorders and offers a reconceptualisation of ‘the body in treatment’, showing how objects and spaces shape, maintain, and even ‘trigger’ anorexia. Therefore, against the background of the high rates of relapse in eating disorders, this analysis calls for consideration of how interventions can better take account of eating disordered embodiment as shaped by material environments.
Irradiance Variations of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars – Overview of Topical Collection
Authors: Kopp Greg , Shapiro Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis topical collection summarizes recent advances in observing and modeling irradiance variations of the Sun and Sun-like stars, emphasizing the links between surface magnetic fields and the resulting solar and stellar variability. In particular, the articles composing this collection summarize recent progress in i) solar-irradiance measurements; ii) modeling of solar- and stellar-irradiance variability; and iii) understanding of the effects of such variability on Earth’s climate and exoplanet environments. This topical-collection overview article gives background and more details on these aspects of variability.
Textbook process as a composite quality indicator for in-hospital hip fracture care
Authors: Voeten Stijn C. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Würdemann Franka S. , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B. , Hegeman J. H. ,   The DHFA Indicator Task Force, Geragthy O. , De Klerk G. , Luning H. A. F. , Niggebrugge A. H. P. , Regtuijt M. , Snoek J. , Stevens C. , Van der Velde D. , Verleisdonk E. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Summary

Individual process indicators often do not enable the benchmarking of hospitals and often lack an association with outcomes of care. The composite hip fracture process indicator, textbook process, might be a tool to detect hospital variation and is associated with better outcomes during hospital stay.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine hospital variation in quality of hip fracture care using a composite process indicator (textbook process) and to evaluate at patient level whether fulfilment of the textbook process indicator was associated with better outcomes during hospital stay.

Methods
Hip fracture patients aged 70 and older operated in five hospitals between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018 were included. Textbook process for hip fracture care was defined as follows: (1) assessment of malnutrition (2) surgery within 24 h, (3) orthogeriatric management during admission and (4) operation by an orthopaedic trauma certified surgeon. Hospital variation analysis was done by computing an observed/expected ratio (O/E ratio) for textbook process at hospital level. The expected ratios were derived from a multivariable logistic regression analysis including all relevant case-mix variables. The association between textbook process compliance and in-hospital complications and prolonged hospital stay was determined at patient level in a multivariable logistic regression model, with correction for patient, treatment and hospital characteristics. In-hospital complications were anaemia, delirium, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, in-hospital fall, heart failure, renal insufficiency, pulmonary embolism, wound infection and pressure ulcer.

Results
Of the 1371 included patients, 753 (55%) received care according to textbook process. At hospital level, the textbook compliance rates ranged from 38 to 76%. At patient level, textbook process compliance was significantly associated with fewer complications (38% versus 46%) (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52–0.84), but not with hospital stay (median length of hospital stay was 5 days in both groups) (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78–1.30).

Conclusion
The textbook process indicator for hip fracture care might be a tool to detect hospital variation. At patient level, this quality indicator is associated with fewer complications during hospital stay.