bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Directions, Orthogonality, and Distinguished Geodesics in the Symmetrized Bidisc
Authors: Agler Jim , Lykova Zinaida , Young N. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe symmetrized bidisc $$\begin{aligned} G {\mathop {=}\limits ^\mathrm{{def}}}\{(z+w,zw):|z|<1,\quad |w|<1\}, \end{aligned}$$

G

=
def

{

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z
+
w
,
z
w
)

:
|
z
|
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1
,

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w
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}

,

under the Carathéodory metric, is a complex Finsler space of cohomogeneity 1 in which the geodesics, both real and complex, enjoy a rich geometry. As a Finsler manifold, G does not admit a natural notion of angle, but we nevertheless show that there is a notion of orthogonality. The complex tangent bundle TG splits naturally into the direct sum of two line bundles, which we call the sharp and flat bundles, and which are geometrically defined and therefore covariant under automorphisms of G. Through every point of G, there is a unique complex geodesic of G in the flat direction, having the form $$\begin{aligned} F^\beta {\mathop {=}\limits ^\mathrm{{def}}}\{(\beta +{\bar{\beta }} z,z)\ : z\in \mathbb {D}\} \end{aligned}$$

F
β

=
def

{

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+

β

¯

z
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)

:
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∈
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}

for some $$\beta \in \mathbb {D}$$

β
∈
D

, and called a flat geodesic. We say that a complex geodesic Dis orthogonal to a flat geodesic F if D meets F at a point $$\lambda $$
λ
and the complex tangent space $$T_\lambda D$$

T
λ

D

at $$\lambda $$
λ
is in the sharp direction at $$\lambda $$
λ
. We prove that a geodesic D has the closest point property with respect to a flat geodesic F if and only if D is orthogonal to F in the above sense. Moreover, G is foliated by the geodesics in G that are orthogonal to a fixed flat geodesic F.
Revisiting old lessons from classic literature on persistent global pollutants
Authors: Martin Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLooking back 50 years at classic literature was a reminder of inspiring discoveries and clever theories that were formative to the field of environmental chemistry, but also of the irreparable costs that persistent global pollutants have had on ecosystems and human society. In my view, these three papers have greatly impacted contemporary science and influenced development of policies that have limited the spread of hazardous contaminants. At the same time, a sobering reality is that reversing decades of past pollution has proven impossible in our lifetime, and global trends are dire for both legacy and emerging contaminants. Lessons in these papers are clear to most environmental scientists, but I argue have not resulted in adequate investment in infrastructure or manpower to enable systematic unbiased searching for pollutants as proposed by Sören Jensen in 1972. Acknowledging that the costs of new global contaminants will be too high, we must incentivize safer chemicals and their sustainable use, increase international exchange of lists of chemicals in commerce, and coordinate international efforts in nontarget screening to identify new contaminants before they circulate the world.
SUMA: A Partial Materialization-Based Scalable Query Answering in OWL 2 DL
Authors: Qin Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaowang , Yasin Muhammad Qasim , Wang Shujun , Feng Zhiyong , Xiao Guohui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOntology-mediated querying (OMQ) provides a paradigm for query answering according to which users not only query records at the database but also query implicit information inferred from ontology. A key challenge in OMQ is that the implicit information may be infinite, which cannot be stored at the database and queried by off -the -shelf query engine. The commonly adopted technique to deal with infinite entailments is query rewriting, which, however, comes at the cost of query rewriting at runtime. In this work, the partial materialization method is proposed to ensure that the extension is always finite. The partial materialization technology does not rewrite query but instead computes partial consequences entailed by ontology before the online query. Besides, a query analysis algorithm is designed to ensure the completeness of querying rooted and Boolean conjunctive queries over partial materialization. We also soundly and incompletely expand our method to support highly expressive ontology language, OWL 2 DL. Finally, we further optimize the materialization efficiency by role rewriting algorithm and implement our approach as a prototype system SUMA by integrating off-the-shelf efficient SPARQL query engine. The experiments show that SUMA is complete on each test ontology and each test query, which is the same as Pellet and outperforms PAGOdA. Besides, SUMA is highly scalable on large datasets.
Prediction of the depth of local scouring at a bridge pier using a gene expression programming method
Authors: Hassan Waqed H. , Jalal Halah K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLocal scouring around the piers of a bridge is the one of the major reasons for bridge failure, potentially resulting in heavy losses in terms of both the economy and human life. Prediction of accurate depth of local scouring is a difficult task due to the many factors that contribute to this process, however. The main aim of this study is thus to offer a new formula for the prediction the local depth of scouring around the pier of a bridge using a modern fine computing modelling technique known as gene expression programming (GEP), with data obtained from numerical simulations used to compare GEP performance with that of a standard non-linear regression (NLR) model. The best technique for prediction of the local scouring depth is then determined based on three statistical parameters: the determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). A total data set of 243 measurements, obtained by numerical simulation in Flow-3D, for intensity of flow, ratio of pier width, ratio of flow depth, pier Froude number, and pier shape factor is divided into training and validation (testing) datasets to achieve this. The results suggest that the formula from the GEP model provides better performance for predicting the local depth of scouring as compared with conventional regression with the NLR model, with R2 = 0.901, MAE = 0.111, and RMSE = 0.142. The sensitivity analysis results further suggest that the ratio of the depth of flow has the greatest impact on the prediction of local scour depth as compared to the other input parameters. The formula obtained from the GEP model gives the best predictor of depth of scouring, and, in addition, GEP offers the special feature of providing both explicit and compressed arithmetical terms to allow calculation of such depth of scouring.
Cross‐lagged panel analyses of maternal psychological control and young adolescents’ emotion regulation
Authors: Gao Dan , Bullock Amanda , Liu Junsheng 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study examined the longitudinal relations between maternal psychological control and emotion regulation in Chinese adolescents. Specifically, we examined how emotion regulation was reciprocally associated with multiple dimensions of psychological control, including love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming in the Chinese cultural context.MethodsParticipants consisted of 865 Chinese students from fourth through eighth grade (50.8% girls; Mage = 11.82 years at Wave 1, SDage = 1.28 at Wave 1, range = 10–15 years). Data were collected at two time‐periods over a one‐year period. Children reported on their emotion regulation. Mothers rated their engagement in love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming.ResultsCross‐lagged panel analyses revealed an adequate model fit. Children's emotion regulation at study onset predicted decreases in all three dimensions of maternal psychological control one year later, whereas the three dimensions of maternal psychological control did not significantly predict emotion regulation one year later.ConclusionsFindings revealed the longitudinal associations among child emotion regulation and maternal psychological control within a specific cultural context. Implications for the meaning of psychological control parenting in Chinese culture are discussed.
Sexual Health Teaching in Basic Science Courses Among Medical Students
Authors: Teixeira Santos André Urdhamuck , Fava Spessoto Luis César , Fácio Fernando Nestor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sexuality is a multifaceted and makes up part of the lives of all individuals.

Aim
To evaluate the teaching of sexual health to students in the basic cycle of an undergraduate course in medicine.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using primary data on the teaching of sexual health in the first 4 years of the course. The students were contacted personally and given a self-administrated questionnaire on the teaching of sexual health. The questionnaire was based on studies conducted with physicians and medical students regarding their educational background in sexual health. The degree of satisfaction regarding the learning process was determined using a ten-point scale; on which, a score of 1 to 5 indicated dissatisfaction and of 6 to 10 satisfaction.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measure was a self-administered questionnaire addressing the teaching of sexual health in the first 4 years and how this knowledge affected relationships with patients.

Results
A total of 216 students answered the questionnaire. Only 27.27% and 22% of the students in the first and second years, respectively, reported having classes related to sexual medicine, whereas 38.1% (third year) and 54.40% (fourth year) had such classes. Regarding satisfaction, the weighted mean was 4.55 and the modes were 5 and 6. In the evaluation of their expectations about learning sexual health, 46 (67.6%) reported feeling non-confident, 18 (26.5%) did not answer the question, and 4 (5.9%) reported feeling confident.

Conclusion
This study revealed a gradual progression in the offer of content related to sexual medicine to students throughout the medicine course, with weighted means of 2.6 (first year), 2.82 (second year), 3.58 (third year), and 4.55 (fourth year). However, the findings indicate that the teaching of this subject remains deficient and students feel unsatisfied and unprepared for their future practice of medicine.
Keep the dark web close and your cyber security tighter
Authors: Mador Ziv 
Published: January 2021

The dark web still offers a safe haven for criminal activity – especially those sites operating outside the reach of Western law enforcement. Much of the dark web is devoted to cybercrime, from sharing techniques and tools to selling stolen data and credentials. Having an ear to the ground in this shadowy underworld can give organisations an edge in identifying and defending against threats, from new trends to attacks specifically targeting them. But acquiring access to these secrets is no easy feat, explains Ziv Mador of Trustwave. “The golden age of the dark web marketplace is over”. So declared Europol in September 2020, after the triumphant announcement of operation ‘DisrupTOR’, a sting that led to the arrest of 179 criminals selling drugs and weapons. 1 The operation, which saw co-ordination between Europol and law agencies across the world, is the latest strike against the virtual marketplaces that are the beating heart of the criminal underworld today.
Electoral Engineering in New Democracies: Strong Quotas and Weak Parties in Tunisia
Authors: Belschner Jana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBridging the literature on gender and politics, democratization, and political parties, this article investigates the causes of parties’ varying compliance with electoral quotas. Whereas research has so far focused on parties’ willingness to comply, this article sheds light on their ability to do so. It suggests that the more quotas parties have to comply with, and the more complex the quotas’ designs, the more difficult implementation becomes for the organizationally weak parties that we often encounter in new democracies. The argument is developed and substantiated in a comparative analysis of parties’ quota compliance in the 2018 Tunisian local elections. Although the Islamist party was able to comply fully with all quotas (for women, youth and people with disabilities), small secular parties lost a number of lists and state funding due to non-compliance. While the quotas were highly effective in securing group representation, they had repercussions on party and party system consolidation.
Creating the Unbound Yugoslav Nation: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Emigrants from the “Unredeemed” Julian March
Authors: Zobec Miha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the Kingdom of Yugoslavia tried to co-opt Slovenes who emigrated from the Italian Julian March/Venezia Giulia region to Argentina (a community of around 25,000 emigrants) into the frame of its unbound nation and analyzes the emigrants’ attitudes towards the Kingdom. As emigrants derived from the territory were considered by Yugoslav authorities to be “unredeemed,” the article, explores how Yugoslavia addressed its “two diasporas,” one of stranded minorities and one of emigrants. Secondly, it examines how diplomatic representatives suppressed emigrants’ opposition during times of economic crisis and dictatorial government in Yugoslavia and Argentina. Thirdly, it analyzes the rapprochement between the emigrant community and diplomatic representatives which occurred in the second half of the 1930s. It argues that because the diplomatic corps were ultimately unable to provide the emigrants socio-economic assistance or address the issue of the Julian March minority, emigrants devised alternative visions of belonging. In addition, the article suggests that many emigrants, caught between a powerless homeland and a host society unwelcoming of their particular identities, drifted into Argentine anonymity.
Iodine knowledge is associated with iodine status in Portuguese pregnant women: results from the IoMum cohort study
Authors: Pinheiro Cátia , Xavier Moreira Nara , Ferreira Pedro , Matta Coelho Cláudia , Guimarães Juliana , Pereira Gonçalo , Cortez Alice , Bracchi Isabella , Pestana Diogo , Barreiros Mota Inês , Prucha Carmo , Martins Cristina , Alves Ribeiro Célia , Pinto Edgar , Almeida Agostinho , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Montenegro Nuno , Dias Cláudia Camila , Moreira-Rosário André , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Brantsæter Anne-Lise , Ramalho Carla , Cruz Fernandes Virgínia , Costa Leite João , Calhau Conceição , Keating Elisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLack of knowledge about iodine has been suggested as a risk factor for iodine deficiency in pregnant women, but no studies have addressed this issue in Portugal. So, the aim of this study was to investigate iodine knowledge among Portuguese pregnant women and its association with iodine status. IoMum, a prospective observational study, included 485 pregnant women recruited at Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, between the 10th and 13th gestational weeks. Partial scores for knowledge on iodine importance, on iodine food sources or on iodised salt were obtained through the application of a structured questionnaire. Then, a total iodine knowledge score was calculated and grouped into low, medium and high knowledge categories. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in spot urine samples by inductively coupled plasma MS. Of the pregnant women, 54 % correctly recognised iodine as important to neurocognitive development, 32 % were unable to identify any iodine-rich food and 71 % presented lack of knowledge regarding iodised salt. Of the women, 61 % had a medium total score of iodine knowledge. Knowledge on iodine importance during pregnancy was positively associated with iodine supplementation and also with UIC. Nevertheless, median UIC in women who correctly recognised the importance of iodine was below the cut-off for adequacy in pregnancy (150 µg/l). In conclusion, knowledge on iodine importance is positively associated with iodine status. Despite this, recognising iodine importance during pregnancy may not be sufficient to ensure iodine adequacy. Literacy-promoting actions are urgently needed to improve iodine status in pregnancy.
Eating and drinking habits and its association with obesity in Japanese healthy adults: retrospective longitudinal big data analysis using a health check-up database
Authors: Seki Tomotsugu , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFew longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. Therefore, we conducted a 5-year longitudinal big data analysis for evaluating various eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. We analysed individuals without obesity who received medical check-ups from 2008 to 2012 and 5 years later from the JMDC Health check-up database. The primary outcome was the incidence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), and the secondary outcome was the incidence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women). Age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Of 123 182 individuals without obesity at baseline, the median age was 45 (interquartile range 40, 51) years and 76 965 (62·5 %) were men. After 5 years, 7133 (5·8 %) people developed obesity and 12 725 (10·3 %) people developed abdominal obesity. Among six eating and drinking habits, skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of obesity (OR 1·21; 99 % CI 1·10, 1·34). In contrast, occasional (OR 0·86; 99 % CI 0·78, 0·94) or daily (OR 0·79; 99 % CI 0·68, 0·91) drinking of alcoholic beverages was associated with a lower risk of obesity. According to the 5-year longitudinal data, eating and drinking habits such as mild to moderate alcohol consumption and avoiding skipping breakfast may result in better obesity prevention. However, excess alcohol consumption would be harmful and should be avoided.
Development of a SNP-based tool for the identification and discrimination of Melolontha melolontha and Melolontha hippocastani
Authors: Pedrazzini Chiara , Strasser Hermann , Holderegger Rolf , Widmer Franco , Enkerli Jürg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe European (Melolontha melolontha L.) and Forest (M. hippocastani F.) cockchafer are widespread pests throughout Central Europe. Both species exhibit a 3–5-year life cycle and occur in temporally shifted populations, which have been monitored and documented for more than 100 years. Visual identification of adults and larvae belonging to these morphologically similar species requires expertise and, particularly in the case of larvae, is challenging and equivocal. The goal of the study was the development of an efficient and fast molecular genetic tool for the identification and discrimination of M. melolontha and M. hippocastani. We established a collection of both species from Switzerland, Austria and Northern Italy in 2016, 2017 and 2018. An approximately 1550 bp long fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial gene was amplified and sequenced in 13 M. melolontha and 13 M. hippocastani beetles. Alignment of the new sequences with reference sequences (NCBI GenBank and BOLDSYSTEMS databases) and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed consistent clustering of the two species. After the identification of M. melolontha and M. hippocastani species-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CO1 alignment, we developed an effective SNP tool based on the ABI PRISM® SNaPshot™ Multiplex Kit for the rapid and accurate species discrimination of adults and larvae.
Maturity Driven Mispricing of Options
Authors: Eisdorfer Assaf , Sadka Ronnie , Zhdanov Alexei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper documents that short-term options achieve significantly lower returns during months with 4 versus 5 weeks between expiration dates. The average return differential ranges from 16 to 29 basis points per week for delta-hedged portfolios, and from 101 to 187 basis points per week for straddles, over 1996–2017. Evidence based on earnings announcements and institutional holdings suggests that investor inattention to exact expiration date rather than underlying risk exposures or transaction costs can explain the mispricing. Market makers seem to adjust prices accordingly, and tend to over-trade mispriced options against less sophisticated investors.
Pandemic Fiction Meets Political Science: A Simulation for Teaching Restorative Justice
Authors: Propst Lisa , Robinson Christopher C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe team teach an interdisciplinary political science and literature course titled “Violence and Reconciliation,” with case studies on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa and on debates about whether to develop a TRC in Northern Ireland. The course culminates in a two-week simulation in which students role play the experiences, strategies, and needs of victims, perpetrators, legal teams, government officials, and NGOs in the aftermath of a horrific event that has torn a society apart. We assessed the simulation through pre- and post-simulation writing exercises as well as observations of insights revealed by students during negotiations. We believe the simulation is an effective tool for helping students move from a scholarly engagement with the processes of restorative justice to employing them in response to hatred and violence. This article describes the simulation for use or adaptation in other courses.
Social determinants of dietary patterns, food basket costs and expenditure on alcohol and tobacco amongst Greenland Inuit
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Larsen Christina Viskum Lytken 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Dietary transition, obesity and risky use of alcohol and tobacco are challenges to public health among indigenous peoples. The aim of the article was to explore the role of social position in dietary patterns and expenditures on food and other commodities.Design:Countrywide population health survey.Setting:Greenland.Participants:2436 Inuit aged 15+ years.Results:Less than half of the expenditures on commodities (43 %) were used to buy nutritious food, and the remaining to buy non-nutritious food (21 %), alcoholic beverages (18 %) and tobacco (18 %). Participants were classified according to five dietary patterns. The cost of a balanced diet and an unhealthy diet was similar, but the cost per 1000 kJ was higher and the energy consumption was lower for the balanced diet. Participants with low social position chose the unhealthy pattern more often than those with high social position (40 % v. 24 %; P < 0·0001), whereas those with high social position more often chose the balanced alternative. Participants with low social position spent less money on the total food basket than those with high social position but more on non-nutritious food, alcohol and tobacco.Conclusions:Cost seems to be less important than other mechanisms in the shaping of social dietary patterns and the use of alcohol and tobacco among the Inuit in Greenland. Rather than increasing the price of non-nutritious food or subsidising nutritious food, socially targeted interventions and public health promotion regarding food choice and prevention of excessive alcohol use and smoking are needed to change the purchase patterns.