bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients Living Alone: A NOREPOS Study
Authors: Dahl Cecilie , Holvik Kristin , Meyer Haakon E , Stigum Hein , Solbakken Siri M , Schei Berit , Søgaard Anne-Johanne , Omsland Tone Kristin 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Hip fracture is associated with excess mortality, persisting for many years after the fracture. Several factors may affect survival; however, the role of social support has been less studied. Living situation could be an indicator of a person's social support, which predicts mortality in the general population. In this longitudinal cohort study, we considered whether living alone was a risk factor for post-hip fracture mortality compared with living with a partner. Information on hip fractures from all hospitals in Norway from 2002 to 2013 was combined with the 2001 National Population and Housing Census. The association between living situation and mortality during 12.8 years of follow-up in 12,770 men and 22,067 women aged 50 to 79 years at fracture was investigated using flexible parametric survival analysis. We also estimated relative survival of hip fracture patients compared with that of the non-fractured background population in the same living situation (alone or with a partner). Higher mortality after hip fracture was found in both men and women living alone versus with a partner (hazard ratio [HR] men = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29—1.44; HR women = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18—1.28, adjusting for age, education level, urbanization degree, and number of children). We demonstrated the strongest association in male hip fracture patients aged &lt;60 years (long-term mortality HR = 3.29, 95% CI 2.25—6.49). Compared with the general population, relative survival 8 years after a hip fracture was 43% in men and 61% in women living alone, whereas relative survival in those living with a partner was 51% in men and 67% in women. In conclusion, hip fracture patients who lived alone had higher mortality than those living with a partner and lower survival relative to the general population. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Differential expression of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) in tissue eosinophils
Authors: Sek Albert C , Percopo Caroline M , Boddapati Arun K , Ma Michelle , Geslewitz Wendy E , Krumholz Julia O , Lack Justin B , Rosenberg Helene F 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNo longer regarded simply as end-stage cytotoxic effectors, eosinophils are now recognized as complex cells with unique phenotypes that develop in response stimuli in the local microenvironment. In our previous study, we documented eosinophil infiltration in damaged muscle characteristic of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice that model Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Specifically, we found that eosinophils did not promote the generation of muscle lesions, as these persisted in eosinophil-deficient mdx.PHIL mice. To obtain additional insight into these findings, we performed RNA sequencing of eosinophils isolated from muscle tissue of mdx, IL5tg, and mdx.IL5tg mice. We observed profound up-regulation of classical effector proteins (major basic protein-1, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil-associated ribonucleases) in eosinophils isolated from lesion-free muscle from IL5tg mice. By contrast, we observed significant up-regulation of tissue remodeling genes, including proteases, extracellular matrix components, collagen, and skeletal muscle precursors, as well as the immunomodulatory receptor, Trem2, in eosinophils isolated from skeletal muscle tissue from the dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of Trem2 have been described in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, no previous studies have documented its expression in eosinophils. We found that Trem2 was critical for full growth and differentiation of bone marrow-derived eosinophil cultures and full expression of TLR4. Immunoreactive Trem2 was also detected on human peripheral blood eosinophils at levels that correlated with donor body mass index and total leukocyte count. Taken together, our findings provide important insight into the immunomodulatory and remodeling capacity of mouse eosinophils and the flexibility of their gene expression profiles in vivo.
Leptin correlates with monocytes activation and severe condition in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wang Jingya , Xu Yinyin , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Sheng , Peng Ziyi , Guo Jing , Jiang Hongmei , Liu Jing , Xie Ying , Wang Jingjing , Li Xin , Liao Juan , Wan Chao , Yu Lihua , Hu Jinsong , Liu Beizhong , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExcessive monocyte activation with the development of excessive or uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines often results in host tissue injury and even death in patients with pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. However, the changes of cytokine profiles of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as well as the underlying mechanisms that are involved, remain unknown. Using a cytokine array containing 174 inflammation-related cytokines, we found significantly altered cytokine profiles in severe COVID-19 patients compared with those in mild patients or healthy controls, and identified leptin, CXCL-10, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as the top differentially expressed cytokines. Notably, leptin showed high consistency with CXCL-10 and TNF-α in predicting disease severity, and correlated with body mass index, decreased lymphocyte counts, and disease progression. Further analysis demonstrated that monocytes in severe patients with higher leptin levels were inclined toward M1 polarization. Mechanistic studies revealed that leptin synergistically up-regulated expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and surface markers with IL-6 in monocytes through STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Collectively, our results suggest that overweight COVID-19 patients were prone to have higher leptin levels, which further activated monocytes, resulting in amplified or dysregulated immune responses. Taken together, our findings argue that leptin correlates severity of COVID-19 and may indicate a possible mechanism by which overweight patients have a greater tendency to develop severe conditions.
Effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on radiation exposure and in‐hospital outcomes in three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping guided procedures
Authors: Ali Muzaffar , Padmanabhan Deepak , Kanjwal Khalil , Ghadei Milan Kumar , Kottayan Anju , Banavalikar Bharatraj , Shenthar Jayaprakash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFluoroscopic imaging involves exposure of the patients and the laboratory staff to ionizing radiation. One of the strategies that reduce such exposure in an electrophysiology laboratory is using a three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (3D EAM) system for performing these procedures. In this analysis, we have analyzed the effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on the radiation exposure and in‐hospital outcomes in ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all the ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance at our institute from September 2015 to December 2018. The procedures were divided into two groups based on whether the procedures were performed before (pre) or after (post) January 26, 2018. After January 2018, fluoroscopy was used at a frame rate of 3.75 frames per second (fps). Radiation exposure indices and in‐hospital outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsAblation procedures included in the analysis were ventricular arrhythmias (n = 192), atrial flutter (115), atrial tachycardia (AT) (43), and atrial fibrillation (AF) (30). Over the study period, there was a significant reduction in procedure time, fluoroscopy time, dose area product, and effective dose (ED) (P < .001). Except for AT and AF ablation procedures, there was a significant reduction in the radiation exposure indices when the “post” group was compared with the “pre” group (P ≤ .02). The decrease in the frame rate had no significant effect on in‐hospital outcomes.ConclusionThe use of 3D EAM combined with decreasing the fluoroscopy frame rate significantly reduced the total radiation exposure without adversely affecting in‐hospital outcomes.
Tourist destination development and social network analysis: What does degree centrality contribute?
Authors: Ledesma González Oswaldo , Merinero‐Rodríguez Rafael , Pulido‐Fernández Juan Ignacio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTourist destinations are relational systems that can be studied through social network analysis (SNA). The paper analyses the structural properties of the networks of actors of three tourist destinations, focusing on the degree centrality indicator for socio‐centric networks and asymmetrical relationships to obtain the indegree (prestige) and outdegree (influence) of the various actors. The results strengthen the idea that there is a direct relationship between relational dynamics and the development of tourist destinations. It provides results that demonstrate how the relational structure changes as tourist destinations evolve, and how there is a direct relationship between the number of actors with high centrality and the development of tourist destinations.
Free induction decay navigator motion metrics for prediction of diagnostic image quality in pediatric MRI
Authors: Wallace Tess E. , Afacan Onur , Jaimes Camilo , Rispoli Joanne , Pelkola Kristina , Dugan Monet , Kober Tobias , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo investigate the ability of free induction decay navigator (FIDnav)‐based motion monitoring to predict diagnostic utility and reduce the time and cost associated with acquiring diagnostically useful images in a pediatric patient cohort.MethodsA study was carried out in 102 pediatric patients (aged 0‐18 years) at 3T using a 32‐channel head coil array. Subjects were scanned with an FID‐navigated MPRAGE sequence and images were graded by two radiologists using a five‐point scale to evaluate the impact of motion artifacts on diagnostic image quality. The correlation between image quality and four integrated FIDnav motion metrics was investigated, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of each FIDnav‐based metric to detect different levels of motion corruption in the images. Potential time and cost savings were also assessed by retrospectively applying an optimal detection threshold to FIDnav motion scores.ResultsA total of 12% of images were rated as non‐diagnostic, while a further 12% had compromised diagnostic value due to motion artifacts. FID‐navigated metrics exhibited a moderately strong correlation with image grade (Spearman's rho ≥ 0.56). Integrating the cross‐correlation between FIDnav signal vectors achieved the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting non‐diagnostic images, yielding total time savings of 7% across all scans. This corresponded to a financial benefit of $2080 in this study.ConclusionsOur results indicate that integrated motion metrics from FIDnavs embedded in structural MRI are a useful predictor of diagnostic image quality, which translates to substantial time and cost savings when applied to pediatric MRI examinations.
Simultaneous state and process fault estimation in linear parameter varying systems using robust quadratic parameter varying observers
Authors: Rotondo Damiano , Buciakowski Mariusz , Witczak Marcin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article undertakes the problem of simultaneous estimation of state and process faults in linear parameter varying systems. For this purpose, a novel strategy that exploits recent results on the design of observers for quadratic parameter varying systems is developed, and a complete design procedure is described. First, it is shown that by treating the process faults as additional states to be estimated, the arising augmented state‐space model is indeed expressed as a quadratic parameter varying system. Hence, the estimates provided by a quadratic parameter varying observer based on the so‐called linear output error injection principle would comprise both the actual state and the process faults estimates. Robust design conditions that minimize the effect of disturbances and measurement noise on some linear, and possibly parameter‐varying, combination of error variables are obtained using a Lyapunov‐based approach. Then, it is shown that the design problem can be reduced to a finite set of linear matrix inequalities that can be solved using available computational tools. The final part of the article exhibits an illustrative example, which clearly exposes the potential applicability and performance of the developed approach.
Randomized Clinical Trial of 14‐French (14F) Pigtail Catheters versus 28–32F Chest Tubes in the Management of Patients with Traumatic Hemothorax and Hemopneumothorax
Authors: Bauman Zachary M. , Kulvatunyou Narong , Joseph Bellal , Gries Lynn , O'Keeffe Terence , Tang Andrew L. , Rhee Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionTraditional management of traumatic hemothorax/hemopneumothorax (HTX/HPTX) has been insertion of large‐bore 32–40 French (Fr) chest tubes (CTs). Retrospective studies have shown 14Fr percutaneous pigtail catheters (PCs) are equally effective as CTs. Our aim was to compare effectiveness between PCs and CTs by performing the first randomized controlled trial (RCT). We hypothesize PCs work equally as well as CTs in management of traumatic HTX/HPTX.MethodsProspective RCT comparing 14Fr PCs to 28–32Fr CTs for management of traumatic HTX/HPTX from 07/2015 to 01/2018. We excluded patients requiring emergency tube placement or who refused. Primary outcome was failure rate defined as retained HTX or recurrent PTX requiring additional intervention. Secondary outcomes included initial output (IO), tube days and insertion perception experience (IPE) score on a scale of 1–5 (1 = tolerable experience, 5 = worst experience). Unpaired Student's t‐test, chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test were utilized with significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsForty‐three patients were enrolled. Baseline characteristics between PC patients (N = 20) and CT patients (N = 23) were similar. Failure rates (10% PCs vs. 17% CTs, P = 0.49) between cohorts were similar. IO (median, 650 milliliters[ml]; interquartile range[IR], 375–1087; for PCs vs. 400 ml; IR, 240–700; for CTs, P = 0.06), and tube duration was similar, but PC patients reported lower IPE scores (median, 1, “I can tolerate it”; IR, 1–2) than CT patients (median, 3, “It was a bad experience”; IR, 3–4, P = 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with traumatic HTX/HPTX, 14Fr PCs were equally as effective as 28–32Fr CTs with no significant difference in failure rates. PC patients, however, reported a better insertion experience.www.ClinicalTrials.gov Registration ID: NCT02553434
Life-threatening danger assessments of penetrating injuries in Eastern Danish clinical forensic medicine
Authors: Jakobsen Lykke Schrøder , Christensen Marie Toftdahl , Lundemose Sissel Banner , Munkholm Julie , Bugge Anne Birgitte Dyhre , Lynnerup Niels , Banner Jytte 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClinical forensic assessments of injuries’ life-threatening danger may have an impact on the legal aftermath following a violent assault. The pursuit of evidence-based guidelines should ensure a user-independent and reproducible forensic practice. However, does it? The aim of this study was to evaluate the forensic life-threatening danger assessments after a protocol implementation in 2016. The evaluation concerned usability and reproducibility of the protocol, and its influence on assessment severity. We analyzed the level of inter- and intra-rater agreement using 169 blinded, prior-protocol cases that were reassessed by two forensic specialists. We compared assessment made the year before and after protocol implementation (n = 262), and the forensic specialists’ reassessments with the prior-protocol cases’ original assessments (n = 169). Whether to make an assessment, the levels of agreement varied between weak agreement (inter-rater, Κ = 0.43; assessor 1, Κ = 0.57) and strong agreement (assessor 2, Κ = 0.90). Regarding severity, the levels of agreement varied between strong agreement (inter-rater, Κ = 0.87; assessor 1: Κ = 0.90) and almost perfect agreement (assessor 2: Κ = 0.94). The assessments were statistically significant redistributed after the implementation (chi-square test: p < 0.0001). The proportion of cases assessed as having not been in life-threatening danger increased from 9 to 43%, and moderate severity assessments decreased from 55 to 23%. Of the moderate severity assessments, 55% were reassessed as having not been in life-threatening danger. The protocol ensured independent and reproducible assessments when the forensic specialists agreed on making one. The protocol resulted in less severe assessments. Future studies should examine the reliability of the protocol and its consequences for legal aftermaths.
Evaluation of multivariate linear regression for reference evapotranspiration modeling in different climates of Iran
Authors: Sharafi Saeed , Ghaleni Mehdi Mohammadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of empirical equations (Hargreaves-Samani; HS, Irmak; IR and Dalton; DT) and multivariate linear regression models (MLR1–6) for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETRef) in different climates of Iran based on the Köppen method including arid desert (Bw), semiarid (Bs), humid with mild winters (C), and humid with severe winters (D). For this purpose, climatic data of 33 meteorological stations during 30 statistical years 1990–2019 were used with a monthly time step. Based on various meteorological data (minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, extraterrestrial radiation, and vapor pressure deficit), in addition to 6 multivariate linear regression models and three empirical equations were used as MLR1, MLR2, and HS (temperature-based), MLR3 and IR (radiation-based), MLR4, MLR5 and DT (mass transfer-based), and MLR6 (combination-based) were also used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration. The results of these models were compared using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), scatter index (SI), determination coefficient (R2), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical criteria with the evapotranspiration results of the FAO56 Penman-Monteith reference as target data. All MLR models gave better results than empirical equations. The results showed that the simplest regression model (MLR1) based on the minimum and maximum temperature data was more accurate than the empirical equations. The lowest and highest accuracy related to the MLR6 model and HS empirical equation with RMSE was 10.8–15.1 mm month−1 and 22–28.3 mm month−1, respectively. Also, among all the evaluated equations, radiation-based models such as IR in Bw and Bs climates with MAE = 8.01–11.2 mm month−1 had higher accuracy than C and D climates with MAE = 13.44–14.48 mm month−1. In general, the results showed that the ability of regression models was excellent in all climates from Bw to D based on SI < 0.2.
Creating Social Value for the ‘Base of the Pyramid’: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Lashitew Addisu A. , Narayan Somendra , Rosca Eugenia , Bals Lydia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA growing body of research looks into business-led efforts to create social value by improving the socio-economic well-being of Base of the Pyramid (BoP) communities. Research shows that businesses that pursue these strategies—or BoP businesses—face distinct sets of challenges that require unique capabilities. There is, however, limited effort to synthesize current evidence on the mechanisms through which these businesses create social value. We systematically review the literature on BoP businesses, covering 110 studies published in business and management journals. We start by using bibliographic analysis to map the broad contours of the literature in terms of its common theoretical and empirical approaches, intellectual core, and evolution in time. We subsequently conduct a qualitative content analysis on the identified articles to synthesize their main findings. The analysis leads to a conceptual framework that explicates the antecedents, constraints, capabilities, and contingencies that drive social value creation. In addition to providing a rich and systematically organized account of the evidence, our analysis provides a critical reflection on the ethical dilemmas of social value creation efforts for the BoP, and outlines promising avenues for future research.
Survival and viability of ascospores of Erysiphe necator in Austrian vineyards
Authors: Redl M. , Möth S. , Koschier E. , Spangl B. , Steinkellner S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGrape powdery mildew caused byErysiphe necatoris a limiting factor in grape production. In order to develop effective management strategies, the factors influencing the survival of the fungus need to be identified and characterized accordingly. For this purpose, we focused on the effect of weather conditions during overwintering on the survival and viability of ascospores. In spring 2017 and 2018, grape leaf litter and bark samples were collected and examined to determine the density of chasmothecia and the viability of ascospores in various Austrian vine growing regions. There were obvious differences in the amounts of chasmothecia between both years and all examined vineyards. Lower quantities of chasmothecia were detected on the exfoliating bark compared to leaf litter, with up to 37% of chasmothecia containing viable ascospores. In comparison, chasmothecia from leaf litter showed a lower viability (up to 5%). The number of viable ascospores per head of vine ranged from 0 to 351 and from 0 to 251 in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and showed partly a strong variation within one location in both years. The infectivity of ascospores on detached leaves was confirmed. In a survival experiment, chasmothecia, when incubated at 7 °C, released more viable ascospores than chasmothecia incubated at 17 °C. After an incubation period of 30 weeks, only chasmothecia stored at the lower temperature contained viable ascospores. However, the mean temperature differences of 0.1 to 1.2 °C during the period of formation of chasmothecia to bud break in both years and six investigated areas did not explain differences in the viability of the ascospores. Differences in vineyard management seem to be of particular importance here.
Development of an MTF in ADINA and its application to the study of the Yuxi Basin effect
Authors: Li Tiefei , Chen Xueliang , Li Zongchao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA three-dimensional multitransmitting formula is developed in ADINA to simulate the input of seismic waves and the scattering of infinite domains at the same time, consistent with the progress of the explicit finite element method of lumped mass. A three-dimensional cube model is built, and a delta pulse wave is input to compare the simulation results with the analytical solutions. The simulation results show that the peak error is 0.2% of the input wave, which meets the requirements of the usual numerical simulation. This method has a certain efficiency advantage in site effect analyses of fine models for localized fields. A velocity structure model of the Yuxi Basin is built, and the associated basin effect is studied by numerical simulation. The distribution of the focusing effect is related to the structure of the narrow east-west and wide north-south features in the Yuxi Basin, and the edge effect is related to the slope of the basin base. A distribution map is given of the amplification effect of ground motion in the basin.