bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Wu Kai , Werner Anne P. , Moliva Juan I. , Koch Matthew , Choi Angela , Stewart-Jones Guillaume B. E. , Bennett Hamilton , Boyoglu-Barnum Seyhan , Shi Wei , Graham Barney S. , Carfi Andrea , Corbett Kizzmekia S. , Seder Robert A. , Edwards Darin K. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative infection of a global pandemic that has led to more than 2 million deaths worldwide. The Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine has demonstrated ~94% efficacy in a Phase 3 study and has been approved under Emergency Use Authorization. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, most recently circulating isolates from the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7) and Republic of South Africa (B.1.351), has led to lower neutralization from convalescent serum by pseudovirus neutralization (PsVN) assays and resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies. Here, using two orthogonal VSV and lentivirus PsVN assays expressing spike variants of 20E (EU1), 20A.EU2, D614G-N439, mink cluster 5, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants, we assessed the neutralizing capacity of sera from human subjects or non-human primates (NHPs) that received mRNA-1273. No significant impact on neutralization against the B.1.1.7 variant was detected in either case, however reduced neutralization was measured against the mutations present in B.1.351. Geometric mean titer (GMT) of human sera from clinical trial participants in VSV PsVN assay using D614G spike was 1/1852. VSV pseudoviruses with spike containing K417N-E484K-N501Y-D614G and full B.1.351 mutations resulted in 2.7 and 6.4-fold GMT reduction, respectively, when compared to the D614G VSV pseudovirus. Importantly, the VSV PsVN GMT of these human sera to the full B.1.351 spike variant was still 1/290, with all evaluated sera able to fully neutralize. Similarly, sera from NHPs immunized with 30 or 100μg of mRNA-1273 had VSV PsVN GMTs of ~ 1/323 or 1/404, respectively, against the full B.1.351 spike variant with a ~ 5 to 10-fold reduction compared to D614G. Individual mutations that are characteristic of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants had a similar impact on neutralization when tested in VSV or in lentivirus PsVN assays. Despite the observed decreases, the GMT of VSV PsVN titers in human vaccinee sera against the B.1.351 variant remained at ~1/300. Taken together these data demonstrate reduced but still significant neutralization against the full B.1.351 variant following mRNA-1273 vaccination.
Modeling autism-associated SHANK3 deficiency using human cortico-striatal organoids generated from single neural rosettes
Authors: Wang Yueqi , Chiola Simone , Yang Guang , Russell Chad , Armstrong Celeste J. , Wu Yuanyuan , Spampanato Jay , Tarboton Paisley , Chang Amelia N. , Harmin David A. , Vezzoli Elena , Besusso Dario , Cui Jun , Cattaneo Elena , Kubanek Jan , Shcheglovitov Aleksandr 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYOur understanding of the human brain is limited by the lack of experimental models to mechanistically probe the properties of brain cells at different developmental stages under normal and pathological conditions. We developed a new method for generating human cortico-striatal organoids from stem cell-derived single neural rosettes (SNRs) and used it to investigate cortico-striatal development and deficits caused by the deficiency of an autism- and intellectual disability-associated geneSHANK3. We show that SNR-derived organoids consist of different cortico-striatal cells, including pallial and subpallial progenitors, primary cortical and striatal neurons, interneurons, as well as macroglial and mural cells. We also demonstrate that neurons in SNR-derived organoids are predictably organized, functionally mature, and capable of establishing functional neural networks. Interestingly, we found that the cellular and electrophysiological deficits in SHANK3-deficient SNR-derived organoids are dependent on the level of SHANK3 expression and that organoids with complete hemizygousSHANK3deletion have disrupted expression of several clustered protocadherins and multiple primate-specific zinc-finger genes. Together, this study describes a new method for using SNRs to generate organoids, provides new insights into the cell lineages associated with human cortico-striatal development, and identifies specific molecular pathways disrupted by hemizygousSHANK3deletion, which is the most common genetic abnormality detected in patients with 22q13 deletion syndrome.
A Coding Scheme for Studying Group Interactions in International Negotiations: A Methodological Advance on the IPA protocol
Authors: Dowie Cheryl , De Bruijn Oscar , De Mattos Claudio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOur increasingly complex global business environment inevitably brings counterparts to the negotiation table. However, the lack of user‐friendly coding systems, and other associated complexities over the last 6 decades, may have discouraged scholars to further their research in negotiation, communication, and its related fields. A viable coding scheme in place can help scholars and practitioners unfold the negotiation process by explaining the ‘cause and effect’ relationship within this social context. We propose a 24‐category typology that stems from Bales’ IPA model, with Field Theory as our theoretical framework. Our empirical data comprises of two‐party negotiation simulations. Some distinct features of our proposed scheme when compared to the IPA model are reduced coding time experienced, a straightforward framework that is less complicated to follow, a valid and reliable scheme and lastly, a scheme with a robust theoretical‐methodological underpinning in its development. The reliability of our scheme is determined through Krippendorff's Alpha (α). Through our methodological contribution, we aim to investigate the dynamics in small group interactions; and encourage future scholars to study the multidimensional nature of international negotiations.
Elevated lipids are associated with reduced regional brain structure in youth with bipolar disorder
Authors: Kennedy Kody G. , Islam Alvi H. , Grigorian Anahit , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Mitchell Rachel H.B. , McCrindle Brian W. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveAbnormal blood lipid levels are common in bipolar disorder (BD) and correlate with mood symptoms and neurocognition. However, studies have not examined the lipid–brain structure association in BD or youth.MethodsThis study examined low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐C), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) levels in relation to brain structure utilizing T1‐weighted images, among participants ages 13–20 with BD (n = 55) and healthy controls (HC; n = 47). General linear models investigated group differences in the association of lipids with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, and inferior parietal lobe structure, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and intracranial volume. For significant associations, post hoc within‐group analyses were undertaken. Exploratory vertex‐wise analyses further investigated group differences in the lipid–brain structure association.ResultsThere were significant group differences in the association of LDL‐C (β = −0.29 p = 0.001), and TC (β = −0.21 p = 0.016), with hippocampal volume, and triglycerides with ACC volume (β = −0.25 p = 0.01) and area (β = −0.26 p = 0.004). Elevated lipids were associated with smaller brain structure to a significantly greater extent in BD vs HC. Post hoc analyses revealed that elevated LDL‐C (β = −0.27 p = 0.007) and reduced HDL‐C (β = 0.24 p = 0.01) were associated with smaller hippocampal volume in the BD group. Exclusion of BD second‐generation antipsychotic users did not alter these results. Vertex‐wise analyses further showed that elevated lipids were associated with smaller brain structure to a significantly greater extent in BD vs HC, across the cortex.ConclusionElevated lipids are associated with smaller brain structure in BD. Research evaluating lipid–brain structure associations prospectively and whether lipid optimization has salutary effects on brain structure is necessary.
Cognitive impairment in preeclampsia complicated by eclampsia and pulmonary edema after delivery
Authors: Bergman Lina , Thorgeirsdottir Lilja , Elden Helen , Hesselman Susanne , Schell Sonja , Ahlm Evelina , Aukes Annet , Cluver Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess cognitive function in women with preeclampsia stratified by severity, before and after onset of disease.Material and methodsProspective study performed at a referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Pregnant women between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation with eclampsia, pulmonary edema and preeclampsia without severe features, and a normotensive pregnancy were approached. Women were included at diagnosis of preeclampsia or at admission for delivery (women with normotensive pregnancies). Two cognitive assessments, the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire to assess the cognitive function subjectively before inclusion in the study, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess the current cognitive function objectively before discharge from the hospital after delivery, were performed.ResultsWe included 61 women with eclampsia, 28 with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema, 38 with preeclampsia without severe features, and 26 with normotensive pregnancies. There was no difference in cognitive function from early pregnancy between groups. Women with eclampsia and preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema scored lower on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at time of discharge compared with women with normotensive pregnancies. The results were attenuated in pulmonary edema after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsWomen with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema and in particular eclampsia had impaired cognitive function after onset of disease compared with women with normotensive pregnancies. The impairment did not seem to be present before onset of disease. Women with preeclampsia without severe features did not have impaired cognitive function.
Reduced‐port surgery for right paraduodenal hernia in an adult patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Oshita Ko , Yoshimitsu Masanori , Yunoki Kosuke , Imaoka Kouki , Yano Takuya , Idani Hitoshi , Okajima Masazumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParaduodenal hernia (PDH) is a congenital internal hernia caused by an abnormal rotation of the midgut during embryotic life; it is characterized as right‐ or left‐sided according to the hernial sac location. Herein, we describe a case of a 30‐year‐old male patient who was preoperatively diagnosed with right PDH and underwent successful laparoscopic repair using reduced‐port surgery (RPS). The patient presented with postprandial nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal pain. Contrast‐enhanced CT and an upper gastric series led to the preoperative diagnosis of right PDH associated with intestinal malrotation. Thereafter, laparoscopic repair using RPS was performed. After the small bowels were reduced from the hernial sac, the hernial orifice was opened widely and laterally. The postoperative course was uneventful. This is the first report of a successful laparoscopic surgery on right PDH using RPS.
The association of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development
Authors: Dhamo Brunilda , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveLow folic acid, folate and vitamin B12 might affect tooth formation and mineralization. The conversion of folic acid into folate is catalysed by the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) enzyme which is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Among 3728 mothers and their 10‐year‐old children from the Generation R Study, we investigated associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Secondly, we checked the modifying effect of MTHFR‐C677T polymorphism.MethodsInformation on folic acid supplementation was obtained by questionnaires. Concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured from venous samples taken in early pregnancy. Developmental stages of teeth were defined by the Demirjian method at the age‐10 assessment. In addition, dental age of the children was calculated using the Dutch standard. GLM and multivariate linear regression models were built to study the associations.ResultsFolic acid supplementation started when pregnancy was known (β = −0.09; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.01) and folic acid supplementation started prior to known pregnancy (β = −0.12; 95% CI: −0.20, −0.04) were both associated with decelerated dental development by 1‐2 months lower dental age of 10‐year‐old children. Folate (β = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.05, 0.02) and vitamin B12 (β = 0.03, 95% CI: −0.00, 0.06) were not associated with dental age. MTHFR‐C677T did not modify the associations.ConclusionsMaternal folic acid supplementation delays dental development of children by 1‐2 months dental age, whereas maternal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy do not affect the timing of child dental development.
Comprehensive analysis of alcohol policies in the Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Medina‐Mora María Elena , Monteiro Maristela , Rafful Claudia , Samano Itzel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this paper is to describe the context of alcohol use and problems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the environmental context for alcohol‐related policy, drinking trends, harm and policy and to systematically review policies implemented to reduce alcohol‐related burden.MethodsLAC‐based studies relating to the existence and effects of public health‐oriented alcohol policies are described. The review is informed by a literature search of alcohol policies in LAC in English and in Spanish in several platforms, and in publications of international organisations, including grey and scientific literature.ResultsOnly 30 documents measuring policy impact were identified for the policy analysis. Most of the policies are focused on brief interventions, and most have little evidence on their effectiveness. Alcohol taxation and drink‐driving policies appear to have the highest impact if enforcement is adequately performed.Discussion and ConclusionsThe studies reviewed indicate a pattern of modelling policy interventions but implementing only a few, and a paucity of sustained or systematic evaluations. Although patterns of use indicate alcohol use should be a major public health priority, only a few countries in LAC have a national policy or plan dedicated to alcohol, representing a low political commitment to considering alcohol as a public health priority.
Klarzellakanthome
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Back Walter , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Klarzellakanthom ist ein selten diagnostizierter Tumor, der aufgrund variabler klinischer Morphologie in der Regel erst anhand seiner histopathologischen Merkmale erkannt wird. Die Primäreffloreszenz ist eine wenige Millimeter durchmessende rote Papel, die als einzelne Läsion häufig an den unteren Extremitäten auftritt. In der Dermatoskopie gilt eine Perlenkettenstruktur der Gefäße (strings of pearls) als weitgehend spezifischer Befund der Klarzellakanthome. Im Gegensatz zu dem zunächst uncharakteristischen klinischen Befund ist das histopathologische Bild der Klarzellakanthome durch eine typische kompakte, scharf begrenzte Akanthose gekennzeichnet, bestehend aus hellen, PAS‐reaktiven Keratinozyten. Bei ungeklärter Ätiologie und Pathogenese ist auch die Nosologie der Klarzellakanthome umstritten. Diskutiert wird die Einordnung als kutane Neoplasie oder als reaktive inflammatorische Dermatose.
Aktualisierung„ Systemtherapie bei Neurodermitis“ zur S2k‐Leitlinie Neurodermitis
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Ahrens Frank , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Diepgen Thomas , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kapp Alexander , Nemat Katja , Peters Eva , Schlaeger Martin , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Staab Doris , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Leitlinie ist eine Aktualisierung vom August 2020 zu Systemtherapeutika der 2015 publizierten AWMF‐S2k‐Leitlinie Neurodermitis. Anlass für die Aktualisierung dieses Kapitels der Leitlinie waren die aktuellen Entwicklungen zur Systemtherapie der Neurodermitis. In der vorliegenden Leitlinie sind die wissenschaftliche Datenlage und die konsentierten Empfehlungen zur Systemtherapie bei Neurodermitis aufgeführt. Aufgrund der Neuzulassung von Dupilumab für die Behandlung mittelschwer bis schwer ausgeprägter Neurodermitis, die mit topischen Medikamenten alleine nicht ausreichend behandelbar ist, wurde dieser Teil der Leitlinie jetzt angepasst und neu konsentiert. Die Indikation zur Systemtherapie und das therapeutische Ansprechen auf die topische und systemische Behandlung sollen in Klinik und Praxis in geeigneter Form erfasst und dokumentiert werden. Eine standardisierte Dokumentation der Indikation zur Systemtherapie bei Neurodermitis kann empfohlen werden und ist ebenfalls Bestandteil des hier vorliegenden aktualisierten Kapitels der Leitlinie.
Unraveling antimicrobial resistance in Helicobacter pylori: Global resistome meets global phylogeny
Authors: Domanovich‐Asor Tal , Craddock Hillary A. , Motro Yair , Khalfin Boris , Peretz Avi , Moran‐Gilad Jacob 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Helicobacter pylori is increasing globally and can result in treatment failure and inappropriate antibiotic usage. This study used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to conduct an analysis of the H. pylori resistome and phylogeny.Materials/methodsA total of 1040 H. pylori isolate sequences were retrieved. Analysis was conducted via an in‐house bioinformatics pipeline targeting point mutations in selected genes frequently associated with AMR (pbp1A, 23S rRNA, gyrA, rdxA, frxA, and rpoB) and phylogenomic analyses using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST).ResultsPhylogenomic analysis revealed a notable geographical clustering of H. pylori genomes across world regions, but large distances of more than 1000 loci between isolates on individual branches were observed. Resistome analysis revealed the prevalence of common mutations which have previously been found to correlate with phenotypic antibiotic resistance; the most common point mutations for each gene were S589G (pbp1A, 48.8% of perfect aligned sequences), A2143G (23S rRNA, 27.4% of perfectly aligned sequences), N87 K\I\Y (gyrA, 14.7% of perfectly aligned sequences), R131K (rdxA, 65.7% of perfectly aligned sequences), and C193S (frxA, 62.6% of perfectly aligned sequences).ConclusionsThis is the largest study to date featuring the global phylogeny of H. pylori in conjunction with a global snapshot of the H. pylori resistome based on >1000 genomes. Further analyses that combine WGS and phenotypic methods will provide further understanding of the association between the mutations and resistance.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of imerslund‐gräsbeck syndrome: First report of a novel Frameshift variant in Exon 11 of AMN gene
Authors: Elshinawy Mohamed , Gao Harry H. , Al‐Nabhani Dana M. , Al‐Thihli Khalid A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionImerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) is a rare autosomal‐recessive disorder characterized by selective vitamin B12 malabsorption, megaloblastic anemia, and proteinuria. The precise incidence of this disorder is unknown in the Middle East and Arab countries. The disease is caused by a homozygous variant in either AMN or CUBN genes. In addition, some compound heterozygous variants are reported.MethodsClinical and laboratory data of patients diagnosed with IGS in Oman were retrospectively collected. Mutation analysis for all genes involved in vitamin B12/folic acid metabolism and megaloblastic anemia was conducted using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsThree siblings (2 girls and a boy) have been diagnosed with the condition. They exhibit a phenotypic variability with different age of presentation and different spectrum of disease. All patients harbor a novel biallelic frameshift mutation in exon 11 of AMN gene (p.Pro409Glyfs*), which was not reported previously in the literature. Both parents are heterozygotes for the same variant. All patients responded well to vitamin B12 parenteral therapy, but proteinuria persisted.ConclusionIn communities with high incidence of consanguinity, cases of early‐onset vitamin B12 deficiency should be thoroughly investigated to explore the possibility of Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome and other vitamin B12–related hereditary disorders. Further local and regional studies are highly recommended.
Far‐red‐emitting YAl3(BO3)4:Cr3+ phosphors with excellent thermal stability and high luminescent yield for plant growth LEDs
Authors: Shi Meiling , Yao Leqi , Xu Junfeng , Liang Chao , Dong Yan , Shao Qiyue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphors‐converted LEDs (pc‐LEDs) are excellent artificial light sources for indoor plant cultivation, in which the far‐red‐emitting component (700−780 nm) plays an important role in regulating the photomorphogenesis of plants. Accordingly, highly efficient and thermally stable far‐red‐emitting phosphors are indispensable for developing high‐performance plant cultivation pc‐LEDs. Herein, far‐red‐emitting YAl3(BO3)4:Cr3+ (YAB:Cr3+) phosphors were synthesized by solid‐state reaction, and their photoluminescence characteristics, thermal quenching, quantum yield (QY), and application in pc‐LEDs were systematically investigated. The YAB:Cr3+ phosphor has an intense broadband absorption to the blue light, simultaneously exhibiting the sharp‐line 2E emission and the broadband 4 T2 emission of Cr3+ with a QY of ~86.7%. The far‐red broadband emissions of YAB:Cr3+ centered at ~735 nm show a high resemblance to the active‐state (PFR) absorption of plant phytochrome. Moreover, the YAB:Cr3+ phosphor shows the thermally enhanced luminescence at temperatures of 303−393 K and the near‐zero thermal quenching up to 423 K. The anomalous thermal enhancement is attributed to the temperature‐dependent repopulation between 2E and 4 T2 states. Finally, a pc‐LED device was fabricated with the YAB:Cr3+ phosphor and blue chip, exhibiting the light out power of ~50.6 mW and energy conversion efficiency of ~17.4% at 100 mA drive current, respectively. The exceptional PL features including suitable excitation/emission wavelengths, suppressed thermal quenching and high QY make YAB:Cr3+ phosphors very promising for applications in plant growth pc‐LEDs.