bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal Framework for Checking Compliance of Data-Driven Case Management
Authors: Haarmann Stephan , Holfter Adrian , Pufahl Luise , Weske Mathias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBusiness processes are often specified in descriptive or normative models. Both types of models should adhere to internal and external regulations, such as company guidelines or laws. Employing compliance checking techniques, it is possible to verify process models against rules. While traditionally compliance checking focuses on well-structured processes, we address case management scenarios. In case management, knowledge workers drive multi-variant and adaptive processes. Our contribution is based on the fragment-based case management approach, which splits a process into a set of fragments. The fragments are synchronized through shared data but can, otherwise, be dynamically instantiated and executed. We formalize case models using Petri nets. We demonstrate the formalization for design-time and run-time compliance checking and present a proof-of-concept implementation. The application of the implemented compliance checking approach to a use case exemplifies its effectiveness while designing a case model. The empirical evaluation on a set of case models for measuring the performance of the approach shows that rules can often be checked in less than a second.
Delirium in your house: a survey during General Practitioner-programmed home visits
Authors: Tremolizzo Lucio , Bargossi Lorena , Storti Benedetta , Ferrarese Carlo , Bellelli Giuseppe , Appollonio Ildebrando 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the prevalence of delirium (DEL) among older patients living at home and periodically visited by their General Practitioners (GPs).

Design
Observational study.

Setting
In Italy, programmed home visits by the GPs are regularly scheduled for their vulnerable and frail patients who are often on poly-drug regimens and suffering from dementia.

Participants
N = 102 patients among those receiving programmed home visits by n = 6 GP based in the Brianza area (Lombardy).

Measurements
Patients were screened for delirium with the Italian version of the 4AT, with a score ≥ 4 considered as a positive indicator for DEL. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the presence of dementia, and benzodiazepine (BZD) use were recorded.

Results
DEL+ was detected in almost half of the recruited sample (44.1%), and it was clearly associated with increased comorbidity and decreased motor abilities. Pre-existing dementia was documented in most of DEL+ patients (71.1%), while this was the case for only a minority of DEL- (5.2%, p < 0.00001). Analogously, BZD use was over-represented in the DEL+ group with respect to the DEL− one (73.3% vs. 22.8%, p < 0.00001).

Conclusions
DEL prevalence as detected by GP during programmed home visits is surprisingly high, and related to motor impairment, comorbidities (among which dementia), and BZD use. DEL prompt recognition should be one of the goals of GP-programmed home visits, since this treatable and preventable condition is associated to an elevated burden of frailty and risk of death.
Hexagonal fuzzy approximation of fuzzy numbers and its applications in MCDM
Authors: Nayagam V. Lakshmana Gomathi , Murugan Jagadeeswari 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous research papers and several engineering applications have proved that the fuzzy set theory is an intelligent effective tool to represent complex uncertain information. In fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (fuzzy MCDM) methods, intelligent information system and fuzzy control-theoretic models, complex qualitative information are extracted from expert’s knowledge as linguistic variables and are modeled by linear/non-linear fuzzy numbers. In numerical computations and experiments, the information/data are fitted by nonlinear functions for better accuracy which may be little hard for further processing to apply in real-life problems. Hence, the study of non-linear fuzzy numbers through triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is very natural and various researchers have attempted to transform non-linear fuzzy numbers into piecewise linear functions of interval/triangular/trapezoidal in nature by different methods in the past years. But it is noted that the triangular/trapezoidal approximation of nonlinear fuzzy numbers has more loss of information. Therefore, there is a natural need for a better piecewise linear approximation of a given nonlinear fuzzy number without losing much information for better intelligent information modeling. On coincidence, a new notion of Generalized Hexagonal Fuzzy Number has been introduced and its applications on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making problem (MCDM) and Generalized Hexagonal Fully Fuzzy Linear System (GHXFFLS) of equations have been studied by Lakshmana et al. in 2020. Therefore, in this paper, approximation of nonlinear fuzzy numbers into the hexagonal fuzzy numbers which includes trapezoidal, triangular and interval fuzzy numbers as special cases of Hexagonal fuzzy numbers with less loss/gain of information than other existing methods is attempted. Since any fuzzy information is satisfied fully by its modal value/core of that concept, any approximation of that concept is expected to be preserved with same modal value/core. Therefore, in this paper, a stepwise procedure for approximating a non-linear fuzzy number into a new Hexagonal Fuzzy Number that preserves the core of the given fuzzy number is proposed using constrained nonlinear programming model and is illustrated numerically by considering a parabolic fuzzy number. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared for its efficiency on accuracy in terms of loss of information. Finally, some properties of the new hexagonal fuzzy approximation are studied and the applicability of the proposed method is illustrated through the Group MCDM problem using an index matrix (IM).
Drivers of green bond issuance and new evidence on the “greenium”
Authors: Löffler Kristin Ulrike , Petreski Aleksandar , Stephan Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether a premium for green bonds, called “greenium”, found in previous studies, exists in primary and secondary bond markets. Using a universe of about 2000 green and 180,000 non-green bonds from 650 international issuers, we apply both propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching to determine a sample of conventional bonds that is most similar to the sample of green bonds. We find that green bonds have larger issue sizes and lower rated issuers, on average, compared to conventional bonds. The estimates show that the yield for green bonds is, on average, 15–20 basis points lower than that of conventional bonds, both on primary and secondary markets, thus a “greenium” exists.
On the least common multiple of random q-integers
Authors: Sanna Carlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor every positive integer n and for every $$\alpha \in [0, 1]$$

α
∈
[
0
,
1
]

, let $${\mathcal {B}}(n, \alpha )$$

B
(
n
,
α
)

denote the probabilistic model in which a random set $${\mathcal {A}} \subseteq \{1, \ldots , n\}$$

A
⊆
{
1
,
…
,
n
}

is constructed by picking independently each element of $$\{1, \ldots , n\}$$

{
1
,
…
,
n
}

with probability $$\alpha $$
α
. Cilleruelo, Rué, Šarka, and Zumalacárregui proved an almost sure asymptotic formula for the logarithm of the least common multiple of the elements of $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
.Let q be an indeterminate and let $$[k]_q := 1 + q + q^2 + \cdots + q^{k-1} \in {\mathbb {Z}}[q]$$

[
k
]

q

:
=
1
+
q
+

q
2

+
⋯
+

q

k
-
1

∈
Z

[
q
]

be the q-analog of the positive integer k. We determine the expected value and the variance of $$X := \deg {\text {lcm}}\!\big ([{\mathcal {A}}]_q\big )$$

X
:
=
deg
lcm

(

[
A
]

q

)

, where $$[{\mathcal {A}}]_q := \big \{[k]_q : k \in {\mathcal {A}}\big \}$$

[
A
]

q

:
=

{

[
k
]

q

:
k
∈
A

}

. Then we prove an almost sure asymptotic formula for X, which is a q-analog of the result of Cilleruelo et al.
Gerechtigkeit für Odoardo Galotti
Authors: Steiner Uwe C. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer tragische Schluss der Emilia Galotti hat von Anfang an gespaltene Reaktionen hervorgerufen. Noch heute sind zahlreiche Missverständnisse im Umlauf. Stimmen, die seine fragwürdige Konstruktion bemängelten, verklangen bald. Stattdessen wurde nach Verantwortlichen für die Katastrophe gefahndet. Dass schon bald der Vater, Odoardo Galotti, in Haftung genommen wurde, liegt, so die These, nicht zuletzt an einer Umwidmung oder Neukonzeption des tragischen Opfers. Es wird mit zentralen Versatzstücken der zeitgenössischen Geschlechtersemantik aufgeladen und einer metadramaturgischen Reflexion unterzogen. Emilias Selbstopfer ist ein Opfer im Wortsinn, es stattet die victima mit allen Attributen des sacrificiums aus. Und es ist ein Opfer, das maßgeblich von der Figur selbst in die Wege geleitet und vollzogen wird. Ein Großteil der nachfolgenden Dramatik arbeitet sich unter Übernahme der geschlechteranthropologischen Prämissen an diesem fulminanten Ende ab. Die Unterminierung einer bürgerlichen Würdekultur durch eine bald sich etablierende Kultur des Opfers setzte schon damals ein. Tatsächlich dokumentiert das Stück eine Krise der Tragödie. Wenn schon das Opfer selbst eine Darstellungsfunktion besitzt, dann steht bis heute zur Debatte, welche Funktion die Darstellung des Opfers besitzt.
Der Zugang öffentlicher und wirtschaftlicher Interessen zum Deutschen Bundestag
Authors: Spohr Florian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht den informellen und den formalisieren Zugang von öffentlichen und wirtschaftlichen Interessen zum Deutschen Bundestag im Jahr 2015. Der informelle Zugang wird über die Vergabe von Hausausweise für den Bundestag erhoben, der formalisierte Zugang über Einladungen zu öffentlichen Anhörungen der Bundestagsausschüsse. Der Beitrag geht dabei von den Annahmen des Ressourcenabhängigkeitsansatzes aus, dass Informationen und Unterstützung access goods für den Bundestag sind, welche für den Zugang zu Hausausweisen und Anhörungen unterschiedlich förderlich sind und von organisierten Interessen in unterschiedlichem Maße angeboten werden können. Die Analyse kommt zu zwei zentralen Ergebnissen: Zum einen unterscheiden sich die Zugangsmuster der unterschiedlichen Interessen. Während wirtschaftliche Interessen häufiger Hausausweise besitzen, werden öffentliche Interessen überproportional oft in öffentliche Anhörungen eingeladen. Vertreter wirtschaftlicher Interessen können spezifische Expertise und Informationen über ökonomische Bedürfnisse anbieten, die ihnen häufiger Zugang über Hausausweise eröffnen. Public Interest Groups, Gewerkschaften und Wohlfahrtsverbände hingegen werden überproportional oft in öffentliche Anhörungen eingeladen, da sie politische Unterstützung für Abgeordnete bereitstellen können. Zum anderen kommt die Analyse zu dem Ergebnis, dass Lobbying eine legislative Unterstützung von organisierten Interessen für verbündete Abgeordnete darstellt. Den unterschiedlichen Interessen kommen hierbei verschieden Rollen in Anhörungen zu. Während Regierungsfraktionen öffentliche Interessen einladen, um Regierungsinitiativen zu unterstützen, sollen wirtschaftlichen Interessen Änderungsbedarf an Gesetzesentwürfen der Regierung aufzeigen.
An investigation into the adverse effects of O2, SO2, and NOx on polyethyleneimine functional CO2 adsorbents
Authors: Li Kaimin , Jiang Jianguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the influence of O2, SO2, and NOx on branched and linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) functional silica CO2 adsorbents (BPEI-SiO2 and LPEI-SiO2, respectively). O2 was much more likely to oxidize BPEI-SiO2, compared with LPEI-SiO2, to form C=O and C=N groups and led to a 23.0% decrease in the CO2 adsorption capacity after 990 min of cumulative contact with 10% O2. In contrast, LPEI-SiO2 lost only approximately 3.6% of its CO2 adsorption capacity, although O2 oxidized LPEI-SiO2 to form C=O groups. SO2 can cause severe degradation of BPEI-SiO2 and LPEI-SiO2 by forming heat-stable NH3+—and/or NH2+—containing adducts and by promoting the formation of urea linkages. After cumulative contact with 10, 50, and 200 ppm SO2 for 990 min, BPEI-SiO2 lost 18.2%, 61.4%, and 89.0% of its CO2 adsorption capacity, and LPEI-SiO2 lost 18.5%, 60.6%, and 78.5% of its CO2 adsorption capacity, respectively. NO2 at 10 ppm and NO at 200 ppm caused almost no loss in CO2 adsorption capacity after cumulative contact for 990 min, but both led to degradation of adsorbents. NO2 can cause irreversible formation of NH3+—and/or NH2+—containing adducts, acid products, N-nitro compounds (N–NO2), C-nitroso compounds (C–N=O), and C-nitro (C–NO2) compounds, and can promote the formation of urea linkages. NO can lead to the formation of NH3+—and/or NH2+—containing adducts and N-nitroso (N–N = O) compounds.
Combined effect of waste glass powder and recycled steel fibers on mechanical behavior of concrete
Authors: Kumar Mavoori Hitesh , Mohanta Nihar Ranjan , Samantaray Sandeep , Kumar Nagarampalli Manoj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral attempts upon inclusion of industrial waste materials such as fly ash, silica fume, GGBS, metakaolin and copper slag in concrete have already been experimented that exerted a significant impact on concrete with enhanced mechanical and improved durability properties. There were numerous authentic researches that reported the significance of steel fibers in strengthening the flexural property of concrete. The paper investigates the combined effect of waste glass powder (WGP) that has been utilized as a substitution for fine aggregate in varying percentages of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% and further reinforcing it with recycled steel fibers (RSF), drawn from waste tires by volume of concrete. WGP was used as 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% by mass replacement of fine aggregate with four different volume fractions of recycled steel fiber (i.e., 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%), respectively. All proportions of concrete mixes were investigated to study the variations in compressive, flexural and split tensile strength with varied replacements levels of WGP along with various fractions of RSF for 7 and 28 days curing. A mix of 9% WGP exhibited the maximum compressive, flexural and split tensile strength. It was found that mechanical properties of concrete rose up to 9% replacement level of WGP and later declined. Also it was confirmed that increase in the amount of RSF further boosted the compressive and flexural behavior of concrete. Overall, an optimum concrete mix with 9% replacement of WGP, reinforced with 1% inclusion of RSF, reported the best performance compared to other mixes.
Strong field physics pursued with petawatt lasers
Authors: Pathak Vishwa Bandhu , Lee Seong Ku , Pae Ki Hong , Hojbota Calin Ioan , Kim Chul Min , Nam Chang Hee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent ultra-short high-power lasers can provide ultra-high laser intensity over 1022 W/cm2. Laser fields of such extreme strengths instantaneously turn matter into plasma, which exhibits relativistic collective dynamics, thereby leading to unprecedented physical systems with potential breakthrough applications. In this article, we introduce the basic concepts and trace the progress in ultra-high intensity laser development and relativistic laser-plasma interactions, including laser-driven charged particle acceleration.
A survey of miRNAs involved in biomineralization and shell repair in the freshwater gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Cerveau Nicolas , Jackson Daniel John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a deeply conserved class of small, single stranded RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA levels via several targeted degradation pathways. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes and have been used to infer the deep evolutionary relationships of major groups such as the Metazoa. Here we have surveyed several adult tissues of the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (the Great Pond Snail) for miRNAs. In addition we perform a shell regeneration assay to identify miRNAs that may be involved in regulating mRNAs directly involved in the shell-forming process. From seven mature tissues we identify a total of 370 unique precursor miRNAs that give rise to 336 unique mature miRNAs. While the majority of these appear to be evolutionarily novel, most of the 70 most highly expressed (which account for 99.8% of all reads) share sequence similarity with a miRBase or mirGeneDB2.0 entry. We also identify 10 miRNAs that are differentially regulated in mantle tissue that is actively regenerating shell material, 5 of which appear to be evolutionarily novel and none of which share similarity with any miRNA previously reported to regulate biomineralization in molluscs. One significantly down-regulated miRNA is predicted to target Lst-Dermatopontin, a previously characterized shell matrix protein from another freshwater gastropod. This survey provides a foundation for future studies that would seek to characterize the functional role of these molecules in biomineralization or other processes of interest.
Unfriendly guardians: India's first nuclear leadership change in 1966
Authors: Yeon-Jung Ji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article, which focuses on the political decision making around the leadership of India's Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), shows how this process both decentralized scientific authority in India and led to changes in India's nuclear programme. New evidence presented from the deliberations of the Prime Minister's Secretariat (PMS) shows that Vikram Sarabhai, appointed chairman of the AEC in 1966, following the sudden death of the previous leader, Homi Bhabha, was the favoured candidate from the start of the process. His view on India's nuclear programme contrasted sharply with that of his predecessor, but his authority was protected, in part, from external challenge by the jurisdictional decisions made by the PMS. This article argues that the ambiguity inherent in India's developing nuclear programme was not the result of the apprehension of external threat, but the result of internal tensions within the relevant institutions, which are both revealed and (partially) resolved by the appointment process for the new chair.
Prospective relationships of adolescents’ screen-based sedentary behaviour with depressive symptoms: the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Kandola A. , Owen N. , Dunstan D. W. , Hallgren M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrequent use of screen-based devices could be a modifiable risk factor for adolescent depression, but findings have been inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies. We examined prospective associations of video gaming, social media, and internet use with depressive symptoms in adolescents.MethodsA total of 11 341 adolescents from the Millennium Cohort Study, a representative, UK population-based. The main outcome was depressive symptoms from a Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (age 14). Exposures were frequency of video game, social media, and internet use (age 11). Physical activity (effect modifier) was measured by self-report.ResultsThe fully adjusted models indicated that boys playing video games most days, at least once a week, and at least once a month at age 11 had lower depression scores at age 14 by 24.2% (IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.91), 25.1% (IRR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.90), and 31.2% (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.57–0.83), compared with playing less than once a month/never. In girls, compared with less than once a month/never, using social media most days at age 11 was associated with 13% higher depression scores at age 14 (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.22). We found some evidence of associations between using the internet most days and depressive symptoms compared with less than once a month/never in boys (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–1.00). More frequent video game use was consistently associated with fewer depressive symptoms in boys with low physical activity, but not in those with high physical activity.ConclusionsDifferent types of screen-time may have contrasting associations with depressive symptoms during adolescence. Initiatives to address adolescents’ screen-time may require targeted approaches.
Measuring the Masses: A Proposed Template for Post-Event Medical Reporting (Paper 4)
Authors: Turris Sheila , Rabb Haddon , Chasmar Elizabeth , Munn Matthew Brendan , Callaghan Christopher W. , Hutton Alison , Ranse Jamie , Lund Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground:Standardizing and systematizing the reporting of health outcomes from mass gatherings (MGs) will improve the quality of data being reported. Setting minimum standards for case reporting is an important strategy for improving data quality. This paper is one of a series of papers focused on understanding the current state, and shaping the future state, of post-event case reporting.Methods:Multiple data sources were used in creating a lean, yet comprehensive list of essential reporting fields, including a: (1) literature synthesis drawn from analysis of 54 post-event case reports; (2) comparison of existing data models for MGs; (3) qualitative analysis of gaps in current case reports; and (4) set of data domains developed based on the preceding sources.Findings:Existing literature fails to consistently report variables that may be essential for not only describing the health outcomes of a given event, but also for explaining those outcomes. In the context of current and future state reporting, 25 essential variables were identified. The essential variables were organized according to four domains, including: (i) Event Domain; (ii) Hazard and Risk Domain; (iii) Capacity Domain; and (iv) Clinical Domain.Discussion:The authors propose a first-generation template for post-event medical reporting. This template standardizes the reporting of 25 essential variables. An accompanying data dictionary provides background and standardization for each of the essential variables. Of note, this template is lean and will develop over time, with input from the international MG community. In the future, additional groups of variables may be helpful as “overlays,” depending on the event category and type.Conclusions:This paper presents a template for post-event medical reporting. It is hoped that consistent reporting of essential variables will improve both data collection and the ability to make comparisons between events so that the science underpinning MG health can continue to advance.
Environmental regulation, local legislation and pollution control in China
Authors: Bao Qun , Shao Min , Yang Dali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper conducts a novel empirical analysis of the effect of environmental regulation on local pollution emissions by taking 84 cases of local legislation among 31 provinces in China during 1990–2009. We combine the matching methodology and difference-in-difference method to estimate the causal effect of provincial environmental legislation. Our estimation uncovers that there is no significant pollution abatement effect, however, environmental legislation helps to decrease local pollution emission only for those provinces that have stricter enforcement. Such results remain robust while considering the time lag effect, different types of pollutants, choice of different comparison groups and using of synthetic control method. Generally, our study shows the importance of the enforcement for environmental legislation in China.