bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUMA AND JUPITER: WHOSE SMILE IS IT, ANYWAY?
Authors: Driediger-Murphy Lindsay G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the Roman tradition that Numa once negotiated with Jupiter about human sacrifice. Complete versions of the myth survive in Ovid, Plutarch and Arnobius (citing Valerius Antias). Previous studies of this tradition have proposed four main interpretations of it, which have done important service in modern reconstructions of the character of Roman religion. These scholarly treatments raise several questions. First, are they actually supported by, or the most convincing way of reading, the surviving ancient sources? If so, have they been correctly attributed? Why might a specific ancient author present the myth of Numa and Jupiter in a manner which suggests one interpretation rather than another? What ideological and theological work does the story do for Ovid, for Plutarch and for Arnobius? Finally, can this myth, in whatever version, support the weight of the implications put on it for the character of Roman religion? This article seeks to enhance our understanding of this myth in its surviving versions, not just by analysing the evidence for each of the modern interpretations, but also by considering why ancient authors tell the myth of Numa and Jupiter the way they do. It is argued that their choices illustrate best not one meaning of the myth nor one Roman way of piety but the richness and diversity of religious reflection in antiquity.
Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro
Authors: Baiak Barbara Haline Buss , Gasparina Jennifer Mayara , Ianke Letícia , de Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Deniz Matheus , Pereira Leticia Macedo , Araújo Jackson Victor , da Rocha Raquel Abdallah , Dittrich João Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.
Description of a new species Coomansus batxatensis (Mononchida, Mononchidae) from Vietnam, with an updated key to species
Authors: Vu T.T.T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coomansus batxatensis sp. nov., recorded from Vietnam, is described and illustrated and its phylogenetic relationship within the Mononchida is analysed. The molecular data (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) are provided for the new species. The new species is characterized by small body size (body length, L = 0.7–0.9 mm); buccal cavity sub-rectangular in shape, flattened at base, 21–24 × 12–13 μm or 1.9 (1.7–2.0) times as long as wide; posterior position of dorsal tooth apex (59–63% from the base of buccal cavity); pars refringens vaginae with faint and small (2.5 × 1.7 μm) teardrop-shaped pieces, short pars distalis vaginae; and males with short spicules (50–51.5 μm) with rounded head and conical blade part. The new species is close to Coomansus parvus but differs from it by the smaller buccal cavity size, more posterior position of the dorsal tooth apex, longer tail and presence of males. An updated identification key to Coomansus species and a compendium of all the species known are presented.
The circumstances in which recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurs after surgery for benign thyroid disease: a retrospective study of 1026 patients
Authors: Lenay-Pinon D , Biet-Hornstein A , Strunski V , Page C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the circumstances in which recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurs after thyroid surgery.MethodsThis study assessed 1026 patients who underwent surgery for benign thyroid disease over a seven-year period in a retrospective, single-centre study.ResultsWith a total of 1835 recurrent laryngeal nerves at risk, there were 38 cases (2.07 per cent) of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and 8 (0.44 per cent) of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. No explanation was found for 10 of the 46 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Among the 38 other cases, the probable causes included poor identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, involuntary resection of the nerve and several other factors.ConclusionApart from accidental resection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery, the causes of post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy are often unclear and likely multifactorial. Poor identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery is still the main cause of post-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, even when intra-operative neuromonitoring is used.
Childhood loneliness as a specific risk factor for adult psychiatric disorders
Authors: Xerxa Yllza , Rescorla Leslie A. , Shanahan Lilly , Tiemeier Henning , Copeland William E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness is a major risk factor for both psychological disturbance and poor health outcomes in adults. This study aimed to assess whether childhood loneliness is associated with a long-term disruption in mental health that extends into adulthood.MethodsThis study is based on the longitudinal, community-representative Great Smoky Mountains Study of 1420 participants. Participants were assessed with the structured Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview up to eight times in childhood (ages 9–16; 6674 observations; 1993–2000) for childhood loneliness, associated psychiatric comorbidities and childhood adversities. Participants were followed up four times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30; 4556 observations of 1334 participants; 1999–2015) with the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment Interview for psychiatric anxiety, depression, and substance use outcomes.ResultsBoth self and parent-reported childhood loneliness were associated with adult self-reported anxiety and depressive outcomes. The associations remained significant when childhood adversities and psychiatric comorbidities were accounted for. There was no evidence for an association of childhood loneliness with adult substance use disorders. More associations were found between childhood loneliness and adult psychiatric symptoms than with adult diagnostic status.ConclusionChildhood loneliness is associated with anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults, suggesting that loneliness – even in childhood – might have long-term costs in terms of mental health. This study underscores the importance of intervening early to prevent loneliness and its sequelae over time.
Performance evaluation of a special 6-

P

US type parallel manipulator
Authors: Liu Xiaochu , Cai Yunfei , Liu Weitian , Zhang Linlong , Hu Chengxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a special 6-PUS parallel manipulator (PM) is utilized as a shaking table. Unlike the existing results about 6-PUS PMs, we make the actuator direction collinear with the linkage direction at neutral position. With respect to the application background, a further analysis of the special PM is carried out from the perspective of motion/force transmissibility, natural frequency and acceleration capability. Specially, the complete dynamics model is established based on the Kane method. Then, generalized transmission indices based on the screw theory are utilized to reflect its motion ability, and a model of natural frequency is proposed with the axial stiffness of linkages considered. Finally, the effect of the angle between the actuator direction and the linkage directionαon various performances is analyzed, and other results are included to illustrate its feasibility and usability.
Rural poverty in Poland between the wars
Authors: Kalinowski Sławomir , Wyduba Weronika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPoverty is the consequence of not having sufficient income to sustain lives and ways of life. While there are many papers addressing poverty in today’s Poland, no comprehensive study was done to explain and describe rural poverty also in a historical aspect. Therefore, this article attempts to synthetically identify the patterns and particularities of rural poverty in Poland between the wars, and to present the multifaceted and diverse nature of Polish poverty in the initial years of national independence. The authors’ main objective is to indicate the changes in the scope of Polish poverty and to describe the adaptive mechanisms and the discomfort involved in the depreciation of needs. Before independence, the situation varied across the Polish territory. The relatively worst socio-economic conditions were experienced in Galicia due to absence of non-agricultural activities. The population of Prussian rural areas found themselves in a more advantageous situation because of industrial development and working outside agriculture. The situation of peasants was exacerbated by the destructive and resource-draining First World War, whereas rural misery was made even worse by the combination of unemployment and underdevelopment of the country. In the Second Polish Republic, the situation of the rural population did not improve even though the country made great progress at that time. Note that rural poverty varied across employee groups, with cultural and lifestyle differences, limited competences and passive attitudes playing an important role.
Monochromatic paths and cycles in 2-edge-coloured graphs with large minimum degree
Authors: Balogh József , Kostochka Alexandr , Lavrov Mikhail , Liu Xujun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA graph G arrows a graph H if in every 2-edge-colouring of G there exists a monochromatic copy of H. Schelp had the idea that if the complete graph
$K_n$
arrows a small graph H, then every ‘dense’ subgraph of
$K_n$
also arrows H, and he outlined some problems in this direction. Our main result is in this spirit. We prove that for every sufficiently large n, if
$n = 3t+r$
where
$r \in \{0,1,2\}$
and G is an n-vertex graph with
$\delta(G) \ge (3n-1)/4$
, then for every 2-edge-colouring of G, either there are cycles of every length
$\{3, 4, 5, \dots, 2t+r\}$
of the same colour, or there are cycles of every even length
$\{4, 6, 8, \dots, 2t+2\}$
of the samecolour.Our result is tight in the sense that no longer cycles (of length
$>2t+r$
) can be guaranteed and the minimum degree condition cannot be reduced. It also implies the conjecture of Schelp that for every sufficiently large n, every
$(3t-1)$
-vertex graph G with minimum degree larger than
$3|V(G)|/4$
arrows the path
$P_{2n}$
with 2n vertices. Moreover, it implies for sufficiently large n the conjecture by Benevides, Łuczak, Scott, Skokan and White that for
$n=3t+r$
where
$r \in \{0,1,2\}$
and every n-vertex graph G with
$\delta(G) \ge 3n/4$
, in each 2-edge-colouring of G there exists a monochromatic cycle of length at least
$2t+r$
.
Correlations between peripheral levels of inflammatory mediators and frontolimbic structures in bipolar disorder: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Mohite Satyajit , Salem Haitham , Cordeiro Thiago , Tannous Jonika , Mwangi Benson , Selvaraj Sudhakar , Soares Jair C. , Sanches Marsal , Teixeira Antonio L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAltered peripheral immune/inflammatory system and brain volumetric changes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to evaluate how peripheral levels of cytokines are related to volumetric brain changes in euthymic patients with BD.MethodsEuthymic patients with BD (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 22) were enrolled in this exploratory study. Blood samples were collected on the same day of clinical assessment and neuroimaging. Cytokines were measured through cytometric bead array method. Neuroimaging data were acquired using a sagittal three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted fast field echo sequence and was processed using FreeSurfer.ResultsCompared to controls, BD patients had significantly lower volumes in the cingulate, medial-orbitofrontal (MOF) and parahippocampal regions. We found a negative correlation between right MOF volume and interferon-gamma levels (β = −0.431, P = .049) and a positive correlation between interleukin-10 levels and left posterior cingulate volume (β = 0.457, P = .048).ConclusionOur results support the involvement of inflammatory pathways in structural brain changes in BD.
The impact of COVID-19 on the care of people living with noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: an online survey of physicians and pharmacists in nine countries
Authors: Bullen Chris , McCormack Jessica , Calder Amanda , Parag Varsha , Subramaniam Kannan , Majumdar Anurita , Huang Pai-Hui , Devi Ratna , El Bizri Luna , Goodyear-Smith Felicity 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where people may have limited access to affordable quality care, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to have a particularly adverse impact on the health and healthcare of individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). A World Health Organization survey found that disruption of delivery of healthcare for NCDs was more significant in LMICs than in high-income countries. However, the study did not elicit insights into the day-to-day impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare by front-line healthcare workers (FLHCWs).Aim:To gain insights directly from FLHCWs working in countries with a high NCD burden, and thereby identify opportunities to improve the provision of healthcare during the current pandemic and in future healthcare emergencies.Methods:We recruited selected frontline healthcare workers (general practitioners, pharmacists, and other medical specialists) from nine countries to complete an online survey (n = 1347). Survey questions focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practice and NCDs; barriers to clinical care during the pandemic; and innovative responses to the many challenges presented by the pandemic.Findings:The majority of FLHCWs responding to our survey reported that their care of patients had been impacted both adversely and positively by the public health measures imposed. Most FLHCs (95%) reported a deterioration in the mental health of their patients.Conclusions:Continuity of care for NCDs as part of pandemic preparedness is needed so that chronic conditions are not exacerbated by public health measures and the direct impacts of the pandemic.
Energy Budget Constraints on the Time History of Aerosol Forcing and Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Smith C. J. , Harris G. R. , Palmer M. D. , Bellouin N. , Collins W. , Myhre G. , Schulz M. , Golaz J.‐C. , Ringer M. , Storelvmo T. , Forster P. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn observationally constrained time series of historical aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) from 1750 to 2019 is developed in this study. We find that the time history of aerosol ERFs diagnosed in CMIP6 models exhibits considerable variation and explore how the time history of aerosol forcing influences the probability distributions of present‐day aerosol forcing and emergent metrics such as climate sensitivity. Using a simple energy balance model, trained on CMIP6 climate models and constrained by observed near‐surface warming and ocean heat uptake, we derive estimates for the historical aerosol forcing. We find 2005–2014 mean aerosol ERF to be −1.1 (−1.8 to −0.5) W m−2relative to 1750. Assuming recently published historical emissions from fossil fuel and industrial sectors and biomass burning emissions from SSP2‐4.5, aerosol ERF in 2019 is −0.9 (−1.5 to −0.4) W m−2. There is a modest recovery in aerosol forcing (+0.025 W m−2 decade−1) between 1980 and 2014. This analysis also gives a 5%–95% range of equilibrium climate sensitivity of 1.8°C –5.1°C (best estimate 3.1°C) with a transient climate response of 1.2°C –2.6°C (best estimate 1.8°C).
Hyporheic Exchange in a Straight Pool‐Riffle Stream With Floodplain
Authors: Huang Peng , Chui Ting Fong May 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyporheic exchange (HE) is the exchange between surface water, including suspended and dissolved matter, and pore water in the sediment surrounding a stream. It is essential to physicochemical and biological processes in both the stream and the surrounding sediment. This study systematically investigated the effects of the stream characteristics (i.e., stream discharge, bedform amplitude and wavelength, stream bed slope and groundwater flow) on the characteristics of HE (i.e., flowrate, scale, and residence time) in a straight pool‐riffle stream with floodplain using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. The HE in the stream bank and streambed and its controlling factors were evaluated using numerical models. The results show that the HE flowrate and volume in the stream banks (i.e., in the floodplain) and streambed are significant and comparable at a high discharge. The discharge, bedform amplitude and bed slope directly affect the flow state in the pool, and the flow state determines the patterns of the effects of these three factors on the HE flowrate. The HE flowrate shows a linear relationship with discharge and bed slope when the surface flow in the pool remains subcritical. If the flow state in the pool changes from subcritical to supercritical conditions as discharge or bed slope increase, the HE flowrate becomes non‐monotonic with discharge and it first increases and then decreases with increasing bed slope. The flowrate, scale, and flux‐weighted mean residence time of HE linearly increase with bedform wavelength and exponentially decrease with both gaining and losing groundwater flow, independent of discharge.
On the Persistent Poloidal Alfven Waves
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Lee Dong‐Hun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStanding poloidal Alfven waves, radial oscillations with ultralow frequency of 5–20 mHz, are excited by wave‐particle interaction in the magnetosphere. It has been a question over several decades why poloidal oscillations often persist and are not quickly converted into toroidal waves even when there is no corresponding particle source. By adopting magnetohydrodynamic simulations in the dipole model, we first show that long‐lasting poloidal waves are available if the local Alfven frequency gradient becomes negligible. Assuming that initial poloidal modes are excited by driving particles, we investigate two loss mechanisms into either toroidal modes or compressional modes. Both mechanisms enable us to derive two necessary conditions for the existence of persistent poloidal modes. It is found that these conditions are very consistent with statistical feature of observations. Our results will be useful in identifying the persistent poloidal mode in terms of the corresponding particle energy and wavenumbers.
A Redox‐Based Model for Carbonate Platform Drowning and Ocean Anoxic Events
Authors: Smith B. P. , Kerans C. , Fischer W. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe deposition of marine carbonate rocks is influenced by climate and seawater chemistry. Carbonate platforms usually keep pace with subsidence and sea level rise but “platform drowning” occurs when carbonate sedimentation slows or when siliciclastics replace carbonates. Identifying specific mechanism(s) behind platform drowning is critical for understanding global environmental changes such as Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs). We developed a model for OAEs which couples ocean basin redox processes to rates of carbonate sedimentation. Well‐oxygenated oceans have steep gradients in saturation state such that deep‐ocean dissolution is balanced by carbonate “overproduction” in shallow water. Through anaerobic metabolisms, deep‐ocean anoxia reduces both dissolution and overproduction, leading to slower accumulation rates in shallow‐water environments. This quasi‐steady state response links carbonate sedimentation with longer timescales associated with redox changes. Redox‐based drowning may have acted alongside other mechanisms to create spatially diverse patterns of platform drowning during Mesozoic OAEs and other Phanerozoic hyperthermal events.
Multipoint Density Measurements of Geocoronal Pickup Ions
Authors: Gomez R. G. , Fuselier S. A. , Sokół J. M. , Burch J. L. , Malaspina D. M. , Trattner K. J. , Gonzalez C. A. , Mukherjee J. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObservations of the plasma environment outside of the Earth's magnetosphere by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Hot Plasma Composition Analyzers (MMS‐HPCAs) allow density measurements of geocoronal hydrogen pickup ions (PUIs). A study of this environment from December 4, 2019 to December 6, 2019, part of a single orbital period of the MMS spacecraft, revealed an inverse square dependence on PUI density. This dependence corresponds well with an inverse‐cube dependence on the neutral hydrogen density within the geocorona.
Geological Effects on the Scaling Relationships of Groundwater Contributions in Forested Watersheds
Authors: Iwasaki Kenta , Nagasaka Yu , Nagasaka Akiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe scaling relationships of groundwater contributions have been examined in previous studies, but whether these findings are site‐specific or applicable to other watersheds remains unclear. Here, we illustrate how scaling relationships differ between watersheds with different geology. We investigated the spatial distributions of the specific discharge (discharge per unit drainage area) and chemical compositions of stream and spring water during baseflow periods in three Cretaceous to Eocene sedimentary watersheds and three Neogene volcanic watersheds in the Ishikari River basin, Japan. End‐member mixing analysis was used to separate stream water into shallow and deep groundwater. The specific discharge of stream water only significantly increased with drainage area for two of the volcanic study sites. Conversely, the ratio of deep groundwater to stream water only significantly increased with drainage area for two of the sedimentary study sites. The specific discharge of deep groundwater increased with area in both volcanic and sedimentary sites, but the specific discharge of shallow groundwater only increased with area for the volcanic sites. These findings indicate that the shallow groundwater flow played a crucial role in making geology‐dependent differences in scaling relationships. The geological effects on shallow groundwater flow were likely characterized by the spatial distribution of highly permeable bedrock layer. This geological control provides a useful framework for generalizing knowledge about the scaling relationships of groundwater contributions.