bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of natural and seminatural elements on the composition and dispersion of carabid beetles inhabiting an agroecosystem in Northern Italy
Authors: Della Rocca Francesca , Venturo Alfredo , Milanesi Pietro , Bracco Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe natural and seminatural components of agricultural landscapes play a key role in maintaining a high level of biodiversity. Being the Po Valley one of the most human‐dominated and intensively cultivated landscapes in Europe, we investigated the effect of no‐crop habitats on carabid richness and composition and evaluated the role of tree row as corridor for forest carabid dispersion. Carabids were sampled with 70 pitfall traps arranged in 35 sampling plots along three parallel transects (80, 100, and 140 m long) and encompassing five different habitats: tree row, tree row edge, grassland, forest edge, and forest. We found 5,615 individuals belonging to 55 species. Despite the similarity in species richness, all the habitats investigated showed a peculiar and distinct species assemblage. The main distinction was between the "open habitat" cluster composed of grassland and tree row edge and the “forest" cluster composed of forest, tree row, and forest edge. We found that forest species are able to penetrate the grassland matrix up to 30 m from the forest edge and that a distance of no more than 60 m between tree row and forest can allow the passage of up to 50% of the forest species. Beyond this distance, the grassland matrix becomes a barrier, preventing them from reaching other suitable habitats. Our findings confirm the importance of maintaining different types of natural habitats to significantly increase biodiversity in an intensively cultivated agroecosystem and demonstrated the role of linear elements as a corridor and “stepping stones” for many forest species.
Abnormal P‐wave terminal force in lead V1 is a marker for atrial electrical dysfunction but not structural remodelling
Authors: Lebek Simon , Wester Michael , Pec Jan , Poschenrieder Florian , Tafelmeier Maria , Fisser Christoph , Provaznik Zdenek , Schopka Simon , Debl Kurt , Schmid Christof , Buchner Stefan , Maier Lars S. , Arzt Michael , Wagner Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThere is a lack of diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with atrial cardiomyopathy and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Interestingly, an abnormal P‐wave terminal force in electrocardiogram lead V1 (PTFV1) has been associated with atrial cardiomyopathy, but this association is poorly understood. We investigated PTFV1 as a marker for functional, electrical, and structural atrial remodelling.Methods and resultsFifty‐six patients with acute myocardial infarction and 13 kidney donors as control cohort prospectively underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the association between PTFV1 and functional remodelling (atrial strain). To further investigate underlying pathomechanisms, right atrial appendage biopsies were collected from 32 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. PTFV1 was assessed as the product of negative P‐wave amplitude and duration in lead V1 and defined as abnormal if ≥4000 ms*μV. Activity of cardiac Ca/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was determined by a specific HDAC4 pull‐down assay as a surrogate for electrical remodelling. Atrial fibrosis was quantified using Masson's trichrome staining as a measure for structural remodelling. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to account for potential confounders. A total of 16/56 (29%) of patients with acute myocardial infarction, 3/13 (23%) of kidney donors, and 15/32 (47%) of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting showed an abnormal PTFV1. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, left atrial (LA) strain was significantly reduced in the subgroup with an abnormal PTFV1 (LA reservoir strain: 32.28 ± 12.86% vs. 22.75 ± 13.94%, P = 0.018; LA conduit strain: 18.87 ± 10.34% vs. 10.17 ± 8.26%, P = 0.004). Abnormal PTFV1 showed a negative correlation with LA conduit strain independent from clinical covariates (coefficient B: −7.336, 95% confidence interval −13.577 to −1.095, P = 0.022). CaMKII activity was significantly increased from (normalized to CaMKII expression) 0.87 ± 0.17 to 1.46 ± 0.15 in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 (P = 0.047). This increase in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 was independent from clinical covariates (coefficient B: 0.542, 95% confidence interval 0.057 to 1.027, P = 0.031). Atrial fibrosis was significantly lower with 12.32 ± 1.63% in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 (vs. 20.50 ± 2.09%, P = 0.006), suggesting PTFV1 to be a marker for electrical but not structural remodelling.ConclusionsAbnormal PTFV1 is an independent predictor for impaired atrial function and for electrical but not for structural remodelling. PTFV1 may be a promising tool to evaluate patients for atrial cardiomyopathy and for risk of atrial fibrillation.
Cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Rubio‐Infante Nestor , Ramírez‐Flores Yoel A. , Castillo Elena C. , Lozano Omar , García‐Rivas Gerardo , Torre‐Amione Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to estimate the incidence of cardiac immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Methods and resultsFirst, we performed an ICI pharmacovigilance analysis, finding 4.2% of cardiac disorders, including myocarditis, for anti‐CTLA‐4, anti‐PD‐1, and anti‐PD‐L1 therapies. Patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 antibodies presented a greater number of cardiac adverse events (AEs) than those treated with anti‐CTLA‐4 (69.4% vs. 20%). Then, we analysed the incidence and characteristics of cardiac irAEs in 1265 papers published prior to 31 August 2020. Of the 4751 patients studied, 1.3% presented cardiac irAEs, with myocarditis being the most frequent (50.8%); 15 patients died (24.6%) due to cardiac irAEs. Finally, we conducted a meta‐analysis to determine cardiac irAEs in randomized clinical trials, identified through a systematic search from the ClinicalTrials.gov database, finding an incidence of 3.1% for ICI monotherapies, 5.8% for dual ICI therapies, 3.7% (irAEs/AEs) for ICIs plus chemotherapy, and cardiac AEs were reported in 2.5% of patients treated solely with chemotherapy.ConclusionsOur study provides precise data for the incidence of cardiac irAEs among patients using ICIs, where despite its low incidence, the high rate of mortality is an important issue to consider. ICIs induce mainly myocarditis at the first doses, and dual therapies seem to provoke higher rates of cardiac irAEs than monotherapies or ICIs plus chemotherapy.
Fluorescence Photoswitching in a Series of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Loaded with Different Anthracenes
Authors: Tu Min , Díaz Ramírez Mariana Lizeth , Ibarra Ilich A. , Hofkens Johan , Ameloot Rob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe confinement of luminescent guest molecules in porous host materials can induce photophysical properties different from either component in isolation. In this work, we studied several host‐guest systems consisting of anthracene and its substituted analogs adsorbed in a series of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and inorganic molecular sieves. Fluorescence photoswitching of the guest molecules through photoinduced dimerization is observed only in MOFs with a favorable pore volume and geometry.
Guidelines for purine extraction and determination in foods
Authors: Hou Chuanli , Xiao Ganhong , Amakye William Kwame , Sun Jing , Xu Zhenzhen , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the improvement of living standards over the years, the demand for “delicious food” has been increasing rapidly. Accordingly, the hidden risks associated with these kinds of food have gradually been attracting attention and purines have especially become of great interest. Food‐derived purines are one of the important sources of purine in the body. Eventually, it is metabolized by the body to produce uric acid, which may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. Thus, detecting the purine content in foods could be a significant guidance for dietary intake. Here, this article reviews purine pretreatment and detection methods as well as the purine content of common foods. Perchloric acid hydrolysis and high‐performance liquid chromatography were found to be the most commonly used pretreatment and quantification methods in purine detection. In addition, total purine content was in the order of plant foods < fungus and algae foods < animal foods < aquatic products. This reenforces the suggestion that, for individuals with hyperuricemia and gout, fewer or none intake of aquatic products and animal foods and increase intake of plant and fungal and algae foods may be a healthier option.
Exploring the use of Moringa oleifera as a vegetable in Agua Caliente Nueva, Jalisco, Mexico: A qualitative study
Authors: Chiu Belinda C. , Olson Mark E. , Fahey Jed W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople in Mexico speak of the medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera (“moringa”), but they know less about its nutritive properties. A qualitative, participatory approach was utilized to explore the use of moringa as a vegetable in Agua Caliente Nueva, Jalisco, by enrolling 14 female participants (mothers over 18) who were nutritional gatekeepers of the family and were responsible for preparing family meals using moringa leaves. Participants prepared meals with moringa and participated in semi‐structured interviews to record their perceptions of foods, shopping habits, and knowledge and experience using moringa. The study objectives were to assess the regional acceptability and feasibility of introducing a readily available and nutritious plant into diets, and to examine whether moringa could potentially serve as part of a solution to the double burden of malnutrition in Mexico. Findings suggest that given its ability to thrive in this dry tropical region, moringa has the potential to be recognized as a viable component in the traditional diet in this small “ejido” communal farming community.
Oil price analysts' forecasts
Authors: Figuerola‐Ferretti Isabel , Rodríguez Alejandro , Schwartz Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrude oil analysts provide forecasts on future spot prices, which are collected by Bloomberg. We exploit this survey to compare analysts' forecasting ability to futures contracts and also among analysts themselves. We address the problems arising from unstructured forecast data and use the Mean‐Squared Prediction Error (MSPE) relative to the no‐change forecast and the Diebold and Mariano test. The applied approach represents a substantial improvement compared with the standard MSPE methodology as it corrects for volatility and maturity effects on forecasting performance measures. Finally, we establish that futures prices supersede analyst forecasts and elaborate a performance‐based ranking of analyst firms.
Pitfalls in brain age analyses
Authors: Butler Ellyn R. , Chen Andrew , Ramadan Rabie , Le Trang T. , Ruparel Kosha , Moore Tyler M. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Zhang Fengqing , Shou Haochang , Gur Ruben C. , Nichols Thomas E. , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been an abundance of research on the difference between age and age predicted using brain features, which is commonly referred to as the “brain age gap.” Researchers have identified that the brain age gap, as a linear transformation of an out‐of‐sample residual, is dependent on age. As such, any group differences on the brain age gap could simply be due to group differences on age. To mitigate the brain age gap's dependence on age, it has been proposed that age be regressed out of the brain age gap. If this modified brain age gap is treated as a corrected deviation from age, model accuracy statistics such as R2 will be artificially inflated to the extent that it is highly improbable that an R2 value below .85 will be obtained no matter the true model accuracy. Given the limitations of proposed brain age analyses, further theoretical work is warranted to determine the best way to quantify deviation from normality.
Mixed convective flow of Ag–H2O magnetic nanofluid over a curved surface with volumetric heat generation and temperature‐dependent viscosity
Authors: Pandey Alok K. , Upreti Himanshu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe magnetic nanofluid flow over a curved surface in the presence of heat and mass mixed convection, volumetric heat generation, and higher‐order chemical reaction is studied in this study. The Maxwell Garnetts model of thermal conductivity and the Brinkman model of viscosity are used for working fluid. The numerical method is applied to assess the governing nonlinear equations of the developed model. The influence of parameters, such as buoyancy, chemical reaction, magnetic field, curvature, heat generation, and chemical reaction order are considered in the existing study. The surface diagram for Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, and Sherwood number are revealed. From the outcomes, it can be noted that with an increase in buoyancy parameters and , the heat and mass transfer (HMT) functions declined. Moreover, the behavior of HMT is reversed when there is an escalation in the values of chemical reaction parameter . A comparison of this study with a previous study is conducted.
Foliar biostimulant applications combined with low‐mineral nitrogen fertilization equal the quality of high‐input mineral fertilization programs on tall fescue turf
Authors: De Luca Verónica , de Barreda Diego Gómez 
Published: July 2021

AbstractField research was conducted to compare the effect of different nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies on an established tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus ‘Braveheart’) turf for 1 year to study the possibility of maintaining an acceptable quality at a low N rate. Treatments were: mineral fertilizer (MF), urea (U), amino acid‐based biostimulant (B‐200), all applied at 200 kg N ha–1 yr–1; osmoregulator glycinebetaine (GB) and the same biostimulant (B‐20), applied at 20 kg N ha–1 yr–1; mixtures B‐20 and GB, and both combined with MF (B20+MF and GB+MF), applied at 100 kg N ha–1 yr–1. Turf quality and color, and the NDVI, were determined weekly, while dry clipping weight was obtained monthly. All the N fertilization programs benefitted tall fescue in all the evaluated characteristics compared to B‐20. GB was beneficial when applied alone (20 kg N ha–1 yr–1) or combined with MF. The reduction from 200 to 100 kg N ha–1 yr–1 in the two combination programs (GB+MF and B20+MF) resulted in statistically similar turf quality compared to mineral fertilization.
Alginate hydrogels functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin as a local paclitaxel delivery system
Authors: Omtvedt Line Aanerud , Kristiansen Kåre Andre , Strand Wenche Iren , Aachmann Finn Lillelund , Strand Berit Løkensgard , Zaytseva‐Zotova Daria Sergeevna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModification of drug delivery materials with beta‐cyclodextrins (β‐CyD) is known to increase solubility of poorly water‐soluble drugs, protect drugs from degradation and sustain release. In this study, we developed a hydrogel drug delivery system for local paclitaxel delivery using the natural polysaccharide alginate functionalized with β‐CyD‐moieties. Paclitaxel was chosen due to its ability to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. The rheological and mechanical properties of the prepared hydrogels were characterized, as well as in vitro release of the paclitaxel and in vitro activity on PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. Introduction of β‐CyD‐moieties into the hydrogel reduces the mechanical properties of the gels compared to nonmodified gels. However, gelation kinetics were not markedly different. Furthermore, the β‐CyD‐modified alginate helped to reduce undesired crystallization of the paclitaxel in the gel and facilitated paclitaxel diffusion out of the gel network. Remarkably, the β‐CyD grafted alginate showed increased capacity to complex paclitaxel compared to free HPβ‐CyD. Release of both paclitaxel and degradation products were measured from the gels and were shown to have cytotoxic effects on the PC‐3 cells. The results indicate that functionalized alginate with β‐CyDs has potential as a material for drug delivery systems.
Romosozumab improves lumbar spine bone mass and bone strength parameters relative to alendronate in postmenopausal women: results from the Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH) trial
Authors: Brown Jacques P. , Engelke Klaus , Keaveny Tony M. , Chines Arkadi , Chapurlat Roland , Foldes A. Joseph , Nogues Xavier , Civitelli Roberto , De Villiers Tobias , Massari Fabio , Zerbini Cristiano A.F. , Wang Zhenxun , Oates Mary K. , Recknor Christopher , Libanati Cesar 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH) trial (NCT01631214; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01631214) showed that romosozumab for 1 year followed by alendronate led to larger areal bone mineral density (aBMD) gains and superior fracture risk reduction versus alendronate alone. aBMD correlates with bone strength but does not capture all determinants of bone strength that might be differentially affected by various osteoporosis therapeutic agents. We therefore used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and finite element analysis (FEA) to assess changes in lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone volume, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone strength with romosozumab versus alendronate in a subset of ARCH patients. In ARCH, 4093 postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis received monthly romosozumab 210 mg sc or weekly oral alendronate 70 mg for 12 months, followed by open-label weekly oral alendronate 70 mg for ≥12 months. Of these, 90 (49 romosozumab, 41 alendronate) enrolled in the QCT/FEA imaging substudy. QCT scans at baseline and at months 6, 12, and 24 were assessed to determine changes in integral (total), cortical, and trabecular lumbar spine vBMD and corresponding bone strength by FEA. Additional outcomes assessed include changes in aBMD, bone volume, and BMC. Romosozumab caused greater gains in lumbar spine integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD and BMC than alendronate at months 6 and 12, with the greater gains maintained upon transition to alendronate through month 24. These improvements were accompanied by significantly greater increases in FEA bone strength (p &lt; 0.001 at all time points). Most newly formed bone was accrued in the cortical compartment, with romosozumab showing larger absolute BMC gains than alendronate (p &lt; 0.001 at all time points). In conclusion, romosozumab significantly improved bone mass and bone strength parameters at the lumbar spine compared with alendronate. These results are consistent with greater vertebral fracture risk reduction observed with romosozumab versus alendronate in ARCH and provide insights into structural determinants of this differential treatment effect. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Further evidence for the benefit of therapeutic plasma exchange for acute multi‐organ failure syndrome refractory to red cell exchange in sickle cell disease
Authors: Siddiqui Raheel S. , Ferman Debra A. , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute multiorgan failure syndrome (MOFS) remains a significant cause of mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients despite red cell exchange (RCE). In small case series and reports, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has shown benefit in MOFS. As further support for consideration of this modality, we present two patients with SCD and MOFS refractory to RCE who were subsequently treated with TPE. Fresh frozen plasma was used as the replacement fluid. Despite estimated hospital mortality of 40% at the time of intensive care unit admission, both patients showed marked clinical improvement with TPE treatment. Our cases add to the evidence supporting the potential inclusion of MOFS secondary to acute SCD as an indication for TPE in the next edition of the American Society of Apheresis Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice.
Sleep duration and progression to sarcopenia in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults: a 4 year longitudinal study
Authors: Nakakubo Sho , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kurita Satoshi , Ishii Hideaki , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying factors that contribute to the development of sarcopenia in older adults is a public health priority. Although several studies have examined the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia, additional evidence is needed to reveal the causality of this association, especially from a longitudinal study. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether sleep duration was associated with the progression to sarcopenia and its subcomponents among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.MethodsA total of 3918 older community‐dwelling people (mean age: 73.2 ± 6.0 years, 51.8% female) included in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes were analysed. Sleep duration was assessed using a self‐reported questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of progression of sarcopenia at Wave 2 (4 years later), according to the three categories of sleep duration [short: ≤6.0 h, medium: 6.1–8.9 h (control), & long: ≥9.0 h)] at Wave 1.ResultsThe numbers in each group in the second wave among the total sample were as follows: short 403 (10.3%), medium 2877 (73.4%), and long 638 (16.3%). Significant associations with the progression of sarcopenia were found in the long sleep duration group compared with the medium one, even after adjustment for other covariates (OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.02–2.69, P = 0.040). Long sleep duration was significantly associated with slow gait (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.06, P = 0.002) and low grip strength (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00–1.78, P = 0.047) but was not associated with low muscle mass (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.74–2.38, P = 0.343).ConclusionsThis study revealed that long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of progression to sarcopenia among older adults.