bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulations of Free Fatty Acids and Diabetic Parameters in Drug
Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Canagliflozin
Monotherapy
Authors: Kutoh Eiji , Kuto Alexandra N. , Wada Askuka , Kurihara Rumi , Kojima Rina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the regulations of FFA with
canagliflozin in relation to metabolic parameters. Drug naïve subjects
with T2DM were administered 50–100 mg/day canagliflozin
monotherapy (n=70) for 3 months. Significant correlations between the
changes of (Δ) FFA and Δadipo-IR (R=0.496), but no
correlations between ΔFFA and ΔHOMA-R were observed. The
subjects were divided into three groups with similar numbers according to
Δ FFA: group A: highest tertile: (ΔFFA=38.7%,
n=23); group B: intermediate tertile: (ΔFFA=2%,
n=23); group C: lowest tertile:
(ΔFFA=−36%, n=24). Metabolic parameters
were compared between group A and group C. At baseline, FFA was higher in group
C than group A (p<0.002). Greater degrees of HbA1c reduction and
increases of insulin were observed in group C than group A (both
p<0.05). In group A, significant reductions of BMI
(−2.6%) and HOMA-R (−30%) were seen. In group C,
significant reductions of non-HDL-C (−6.2%), UA
(−7.6%) or adipo-IR (−28.7%), and increases of
HOMA-B (+85.6%) were observed. Taken together, 1) certain
population treated with canagliflozin showed decreased FFA. 2) beta-cell
function increased while atherogenic cholesterol, UA and adipo-IR decreased in
those with reduced FFA. Better glycemic efficacies were seen in these
populations. 3) body weight and whole body insulin resistance (HOMA-R)
significantly decreased in those with elevated FFA. 4) FFA is linked to adipose
insulin resistance (adipo-IR), while it does not appear to impact whole body
insulin resistance (HOMA-R).
RECUR – Aufbau eines automatisierten digitalen Registers
für Patient*innen mit rezidivierenden Steinen des oberen
Harntraktes
Authors: Walther Tabea , Farin Erik , Boeker Martin , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Binder Harald , Praus Friederike , Ploner Nico , Fichtner Urs Alexander , Horki Petar , Haeuslschmid Renate , Seuchter Susanne , Gratzke Christian , Schoenthaler Martin 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNierensteine werden wie Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und Diabetes mellitus
aufgrund ihrer Häufigkeit zu den Volkskrankheiten gezählt.
Erkrankte können durch akute Schmerzen, wiederholte
Krankenhausaufenthalte und relevante Folgeerkrankungen belastet sein. Daraus
folgen auch erhebliche Kosten, die Gesellschaft und Gesundheitssystem tragen
müssen. Die Rezidivrate liegt bei 50%. Mit dem Register
für RECurrente URolithiasis (RECUR) sollen bestehenden
Evidenzlücken geschlossen werden. Dabei handelt es sich um ein
prospektives longitudinales Register, dessen Aufbau und Implementierung vom
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im Rahmen der
Förderung „Aufbau modellhafter, patientenbezogener Register
für die Versorgungsforschung“ finanziert wird. Es basiert auf
der digitalen Infrastruktur der Medizininformatik-Initiative des BMBF. Ziel ist
es, möglichst viele Patient*innen der 10 teilnehmenden Kliniken
mit mehr als einer Nierenstein-Episode einzuschließen, um neue
Erkenntnisse über Risikofaktoren, Diagnose- und Behandlungsalgorithmen
zu erhalten. Im Rahmen des RECUR Projekts sollen neben klinischen Routinedaten
auch „Patient Reported Outcomes“ von Patienten mit
rezidivierenden Nierensteinen erhoben werden. Die Erhebung dieser Daten werden
für alle teilnehmenden Standorte in Form von digitalen
Fragebögen mithilfe einer Smartphone App durchgeführt und mit
den medizinischen Daten aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystemen in
pseudonymisierter Form zusammengeführt. Das RECUR-Register hat durch
seinen vollständig föderierten, digitalen Ansatz einen
modellhaften Charakter. Dieser ermöglicht die Rekrutierung vieler
Patient*innen, die Erfassung eines breiten Datenspektrums und dessen
Aufbereitung bei gleichzeitig geringem Verwaltungs- und Personalaufwand.
Synthesis and Reactions of Borazines
Authors: Neogi Ishita , Szpilman Alex M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGiven the wide array of current applications of borazine-based materials, synthetic access to these compounds is of importance. This review summarizes the many ways of preparing borazines and its carbo-substituted analogues. In addition, the functionalization of borazines is covered. The synthesis of molecules incorporating more than one borazine units as well as aspects of unsymmetrically substituted borazines are not included. The literature has been covered comprehensively until the end of 2020.1	Introduction: Structure and Properties of Borazine2	Synthesis of Parent Borazine3	Synthesis of N-Substituted Borazines4	Synthesis of B-Halo/B-Halo-N-Substituted Borazines5	Synthesis of B-Substituted Borazines6	Synthesis of Polycyclic Borazines Containing One Borazine Ring7	Modifications or Hydrolysis of the Borazine Ring8	Borazine Metal Complexes9	Outlook and Conclusion
A Novel 4q32.3 Deletion in a Child: Additional Signs and the Role of MARCH1
Authors: Pappalardo Xena Giada , Ruggieri Martino , Falsaperla Raffaele , Savasta Salvatore , Raucci Umberto , Pavone Piero 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 4q deletion syndrome is an uncommon condition manifesting with broad clinical expression and phenotypic variability. We report a 5-year-old boy affected by 4q deletion syndrome who showed minor craniofacial features, growth failure, mild developmental delay, severe speech delay, and marked irascibility and aggressivity. Moreover, he showed precocious and crowded primary dentition, digital hyperlaxity, and congenital bilateral adducted thumbs, signs which were previously unreported in the syndrome. The array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed a 4q partial terminal deletion of ∼329.6 kb extending from 164.703.186 to 165.032.803 nt, which includes part of MARCH1 (membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 1) gene (OMIM#613331). Same rearrangement was found in his healthy mother. Clinical phenotype of the child and its relationship to the deleted region is presented with a revision of the cases having the same copy number losses from the literature and genomic variant databases.
Expansion Points Intervention in Young Children with Speech Sound Disorders: A Multiple Baseline Design
Authors: Brumbaugh Klaire M. , Gibson Ashley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of expansion points (EXP) intervention with a modified criterion for preschool children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Three preschool-aged children were enrolled in a single-subject multiple baseline intervention study. Intervention took place over 16 sessions. Pre- and post-intervention data are provided. Three outcome measures (generalization to probe words and gains in percent consonants correct, PCC, in words and in conversation) were evaluated to measure the effectiveness of the EXP intervention. All three of the participants demonstrated gains by the end of the intervention phase when measuring PCC in single words. Two of the three participants demonstrated gains in PCC in conversational speech. Progress on individual phonemes was variable across participants. Utilizing the EXP approach, two of the three children showed gains in all three outcome measures. One child showed variable performance in one outcome measure, improvement in one, and a decrease in one. Findings suggest that EXP should be further explored to evaluate intervention efficacy.
From unimpeachable autonomy to self-imposed heteronomy: a liberal and Foucauldian perspective on advance euthanasia directives
Authors: Kayßer Malte , Wedekind Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on a controversial case of assisted suicide offered to and eventually enforced on a demented woman vainly resisting the procedure, this article discusses the problems that arise when the human entity is conceptualized as an individual primarily defined by his ability for rational self-expression and autonomous self-rule. To highlight these difficulties, a liberal view on ‘autonomy’—a term which serves as anidealbut is yet subject toconditions—is scrutinized. Given that liberal political theory alone is insufficient to fully reflect the changes of personality by which an individual’s fight for autonomy bears the potential to turn into unalterable heteronomy, it is complemented by the thought of Michel Foucault. With his attention to societal mechanisms which bring individuals about—a process termed ‘individuation’ in the following—cases like the aforementioned scenario wherein individuals are forced to divide themselves from themselves can be critically analyzed. Such an approach illustrates that the established notion of the ‘individual’ can be led ad absurdum, and its validity as both an analytical idea and a normative vision should be challenged. As a result, there is a need for a more clairvoyant concept of the human person to be articulated, capable of conciliating the discontinuous nature of existence.
Cliff's Nodes with Appreciations
Authors: Lock Frank 
Published: November 2021

Cliff's Nodes with Appreciations provides updated commentary and analysis on Cliff Swartz's editorials written while editor of the journal The Physics Teacher (AIP Publishing). These articles provide the basis for an updated look at physics education, the anti-science surge, and the importance of learning science by practicing science.
This book provides new insights including:The past and future of physics pedagogy and the intrinsic rewards of studying physicsUpdated, critical analysis and modern context for current teachers written in an easy-toread, appealing styleRelating physics education strategies to practices used in the corporate world
Cliff's Nodes with Appreciations is a useful resource for teachers focused on science education and will benefit both early career teachers and those with extensive experience.
Teaching Strategies
Authors: Lock Frank 
Published: November 2021

This chapter deals with the variety of strategies used to teach physics. “Just-In-Time Education” examines how strategies used in the corporate world might be adapted to teaching. In describing his “Resortivism” theory, Cliff proposed a new education practice to compete with the many new theories encountered regularly. In “It's a Wise Teacher,” Cliff emphasizes knowing the students you work with. “The Illusionist” is an explanation of how and why physics teachers simplify concepts. “Sawing the Lady in Half” is an analysis of demonstrations.
In the “Hawthorn Effect,” Cliff examines the way researcher bias can influence evaluation of a teaching innovation. “Buzzwords and Newspeak” is a description of the ever-recurring education innovations. In “Mastery,” Cliff examines a goal that is challenging for students to achieve. Teaching is challenging, and as Cliff writes in “The Road to Panacea,” education researchers are always proposing new ways to address challenges. In writing “Why Do We Need Labs?” and “Absolute Error,” Cliff addresses the importance of lab to learning physics and good lab technique. In “First, the Question,” Cliff identifies asking students good questions as important, and in “First, the Answer,” the importance of making approximations is addressed.
Multiple energy sources and metabolic strategies sustain microbial diversity in Antarctic desert soils
Authors: Ortiz Maximiliano , Leung Pok Man , Shelley Guy , Jirapanjawat Thanavit , Nauer Philipp A. , Van Goethem Marc W. , Bay Sean K. , Islam Zahra F. , Jordaan Karen , Vikram Surendra , Chown Steven L. , Hogg Ian D. , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Grinter Rhys , Cowan Don A. , Greening Chris 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceDiverse microbial life has been detected in the cold desert soils of Antarctica once thought to be barren. Here, we provide metagenomic, biogeochemical, and culture-based evidence that Antarctic soil microorganisms are phylogenetically and functionally distinct from those in other soils and adopt various metabolic and ecological strategies. The most abundant community members are metabolically versatile aerobes that use ubiquitous atmospheric trace gases to potentially meet energy, carbon, and, through metabolic water production, hydration needs. Lineages capable of harvesting solar energy, oxidizing edaphic inorganic substrates, or adopting symbiotic lifestyles were also identified. Altogether, these findings provide insights into microbial adaptation to extreme water and energy limitation and will inform ongoing efforts to conserve the unique biodiversity on this continent.
The bacterial tyrosine kinase system CpsBCD governs the length of capsule polymers
Authors: Nakamoto Rei , Kwan Jeric Mun Chung , Chin Jasmine Fei Li , Ong Hui Ting , Flores-Kim Josue , Midonet Caroline , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Guan Xue Li , Sham Lok-To 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceControlling the length of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) chains is thought to promote pathogen survival in various host niches. The polysaccharide copolymerase 2b family proteins were implicated in regulating CPS sizes. These proteins form a bacterial tyrosine kinase (BY-kinase) system that responds to the environment by modulating its phosphorylation status. Nevertheless, the role of autophosphorylation in capsule synthesis is still elusive. Here, we found that the disruption of BY-kinase CpsCD is lethal inStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotype 2 strain D39. Phosphorylation of CpsD resulted in shorter CPS polymers. We also provide cell biology evidence that CPS synthesis is coordinated with peptidoglycan synthesis.
Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin 3 regulates synaptic function of cone photoreceptors in a trans-synaptic manner
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Cao Yan , Hays Cassandra L. , Laboute Thibaut , Ray Thomas A. , Guerrero-Given Debbie , Ahuja Abhimanyu S. , Patil Dipak , Rivero Olga , Kamasawa Naomi , Kay Jeremy N. , Thoreson Wallace B. , Martemyanov Kirill A. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
This study addresses a fundamental question in neuroscience: how do neurons functionally specify and diversify their synaptic connections? This question is particularly relevant in the visual system in which neurons handle a broad range of stimuli requiring synapses to adjust their gain accordingly. In this work, we describe how synapses of cone photoreceptors, which all vertebrate animals utilize for daylight vision, handle this task through an elegant trans-synaptic mechanism involving a splice isoform of a cell-adhesion molecule, Latrophillin 3.
Structure-selected graphene/metallic surface plasmon coupling regime and infrared modulation application
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lai Jianjun , Chen Changhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Here we present a graphene-based long-wavelength infrared modulator characteristic of extra-high contrast, where the frequency detuning degree of magnetic and electric surface plasmons (SPs) is controllable by the gated graphene Fermi energy. If the device is designed to work in a strong SP-coupling regime by selecting an appropriate low-lossy gate dielectric thickness, a modulation depth (MD) up to ∼100% but insertion loss (IL) as low as ∼−0.37 dB is achievable. Moreover, a compromised MD > 90% with IL < −1.0 dB is still retainable in two broadband ranges. The disclosed underlying mechanism to the device working state in the strong, electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT), or weak SP-coupling regime, indicates the coupling regime shows a strong dependence on the dielectric thickness, which is related to the magnetic-SP mode volume, while the working wavelength can be selected in a broader spectral range by scaling the device geometry. These findings are helpful to construct those optoelectronics for infrared absorption enhancement, EIT, and strong coupling spectral characteristic itself.
Cycling-induced structural damage/degradation of electrode materials–microscopic viewpoint
Authors: Yang Fuqian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most analyses of the mechanical deformation of electrode materials of lithium-ion battery in the framework of continuum mechanics suggest the occurring of structural damage/degradation during the de-lithiation phase and cannot explain the lithiation-induced damage/degradation in electrode materials, as observed experimentally. In this work, we present first-principle analysis of the interaction between two adjacent silicon atoms from the Stillinger–Weber two-body potential and obtain the critical separation between the two silicon atoms for the rupture of Si–Si bonds. Simple calculation of the engineering-tensile strain for the formation of Li–Si intermetallic compounds from the lithiation of silicon reveals that cracking and cavitation in lithiated silicon can occur due to the formation of Li–Si intermetallic compounds. Assuming the proportionality between the net mass flux across the tip surface of a slit crack and the migration rate of the crack tip, we develop analytical formulas for the growth and healing of the slit crack controlled by lithiation and de-lithiation, respectively. It is the combinational effects of the state of charge, the radius of curvature of the crack tip and local electromotive force that determine the cycling-induced growth and healing of surface cracks in lithiated silicon.
Magnetic tunneling junctions based on 2D CrI3 and CrBr3: spin-filtering effects and high tunnel magnetoresistance via energy band difference
Authors: Liu Li , Ye Shizhuo , He Jin , Huang Qijun , Wang Hao , Chang Sheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, the study of two-dimensional materials has expanded to the field of spintronics. Intrinsically ferromagnetic van der Waals materials such as CrI3 and CrBr3 have received much attention due to their nearly

100

%

spin polarization and good stability, resulting in excellent performance in magnetic tunnel junctions. In this work, we design magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) of Cu/CrI3/Cu and Cu/CrBr3/Cu with electrodes of Cu(111) and a tunneling barrier of four-monolayer CrI3 or CrBr3. Our first-principle calculations combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function method indicate that the CrBr3-based MTJ has a larger maximum tunneling magnetoresistance ratio than the CrI3-based MTJ. In a wide bias voltage range, the CrI3-based MTJ can maintain high spin-filtering performance, while that of the CrBr3-based MTJ degrades sharply as the bias voltage increases. It is noted that a negative differential resistance effect is observed in the CrBr3-based MTJ. The differences in spin transport properties between the CrI3-based MTJ and the CrBr3-based MTJ are clarified in terms of the physics inside the device, including the spin-dependent density of states, band structures, Bloch states, and the electron density difference. This work provides some physical insights for the design of 2D van der Waals MTJs.
Reconfigurable nonvolatile Boolean logic with one-transistor-two-memristor for in-memory computing
Authors: Wang Ziling , Luo Li , Li Jie , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In-memory computing is highly expected to break the von Neumann bottleneck and memory wall. Memristor with inherent nonvolatile property is considered to be a strong candidate to execute this new computing paradigm. In this work, we have presented a reconfigurable nonvolatile logic method based on one-transistor-two-memristor device structure, inhibiting the sneak path in the large-scale crossbar array. By merely adjusting the applied voltage signals, all 16 binary Boolean logic functions can be achieved in a single cell. More complex computing tasks including one-bit parallel full adder and set–reset latch have also been realized with optimization, showing simple operation process, high flexibility, and low computational complexity. The circuit verification based on cadence PSpice simulation is also provided, proving the feasibility of the proposed design. The work in this paper is intended to make progress in constructing architectures for in-memory computing paradigm.
FEQ: a new flux coordinates based equilibrium solver including both magnetic axis and separatrix
Authors: JIANG Xinhao , SUN Youwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate tokamak plasma equilibrium solution in flux coordinates is crucial for many stability and transport studies. Different approaches for dealing with singularities in solving the nonlinear Grad–Shafranov (GS) equation in flux coordinates or also known as straight field line coordinates are proposed in this paper. The GS equation is solved by iterating the position of grids directly in flux coordinates, and hence, no additional errors are introduced due to mapping process for a convergent solution. The singularity at magnetic axis in flux coordinates is removed by using a novel coordinate transform technique. Different from other techniques previously developed, no assumption in boundary condition at magnetic axis is used. This is consistent with the fact that there is no physical boundary at the magnetic axis. A flux coordinate system with poloidal coordinate chosen as the geometric poloidal angle is proposed. It conquers the difficulty in no definition of poloidal coordinate in flux coordinates at separatrix because of the singularity at x-point(s) in a divertor configuration. It also simplifies the process for computing poloidal flux coordinate during the iteration for solving the nonlinear GS equation. Non-uniform grids can be applied in both radial and poloidal coordinates, which allows it to increase the spacial resolution near x-point(s) in a divertor configuration. Based on the model proposed in this paper, a new Flux coordinates based EQuilibrium solver (FEQ) in tokamaks is developed. The numerical solutions from this code agree well with both the analytic Solov’ev solution and the numerical one from the EFIT code for a divertor configuration in the EAST tokamak. This code can be applied for simulating different equilibria with prescribed shape, pressure and current profiles, i.e. including both limiter and divertor configurations, positive triangularity and negative triangularity, different β, arbitrary magnetic shear profile etc. It provides a powerful and convenient fixed-boundary inverse equilibrium solver including both magnetic axis and separatrix in the solution for tokamak researches.
Power characteristics of multiple inductively coupled RF discharges inside a metallic chamber
Authors: LOJEN Dane , ZAPLOTNIK Rok , MOZETIČ Miran , VESEL Alenka , PRIMC Gregor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The characteristics of an innovative configuration of multiple radiofrequency (RF) coils immersed in a large metallic chamber are presented. Water-cooled copper coils were mounted within the slits of double-walled glass tubes, which were immersed into a stainless-steel chamber. The coils were connected in parallel to a gamma-type matching network, powered by an RF generator operating at industrial frequency. Adjustable leads enabled optimisation of the line impedances and thus uniformly distributed RF power across the four coils. Transitions from E- to H-mode and vice versa were measured for all coils at various oxygen pressures between 5 and 25 Pa. A uniform plasma was sustained in H-mode at the absorbed power threshold, which increased monotonously with increasing pressure in the metallic chamber. All coils exhibit the same E- to H-mode transition hysteresis and need the same amount of power for transitioning from E- to H-mode. The setup enables maintaining uniform plasma in virtually any number of coils at high power without the risk of arcing and without the dead volume typical for a classical configuration with coils mounted outside the metallic chamber.