bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Characteristics of Variability in the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Polar Front Jet and Subtropical Jet in Observations and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Liu Xinhuiyu , Grise Kevin M. , Schmidt Daniel F. , Davis Robert E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariability in the position and strength of the subtropical jet (STJ) and polar front jet (PFJ) streams has important implications for global and regional climate. Previous studies have related the position and strength of the STJ to tropical thermodynamic processes, whereas the position and strength of the PFJ are more associated with midlatitude eddies. These conclusions have largely resulted from studies using idealized models. In this study, ERA‐Interim reanalysis and CMIP6 global climate models are used to examine month‐to‐month and interannual variability of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere (NH) STJ and PFJ. This study particularly focuses on the regional characteristics of the jet variability, extending previous studies on zonal‐mean jet streams. Consistent with idealized modeling studies, a close relationship is found between tropical outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the STJ and between midlatitude lower tropospheric temperature gradients and the PFJ. Variations of both jets are also linked to well‐known teleconnection patterns. Variations in tropical convection over the Pacific Ocean are associated with variations of the NH STJ at most longitudes, with different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) associated with the shift and strengthening of the STJ in different regions. CMIP6 models generally capture these relationships, but the models’ tropical convection is often displaced westward when compared to observations, reflecting a climatological bias in OLR in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in many models. The displaced tropical convection in models excites different paths of Rossby wave propagation, resulting in different ENSO teleconnections on the STJ over North America and Europe.
Investigating Sources of Spectral Olivine Enrichments in Martian Bedrock Plains Using Diurnal Emissivity Changes in THEMIS Multispectral Images
Authors: Cowart J. C. , Rogers A. D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate spectral olivine detections in the Noachian cratered highlands that are spatially associated with flat bedrock exposures. Strong olivine detections were previously attributed to relatively high (∼10%–15%) modal abundances of olivine in the bedrock, and then later hypothesized to instead originate from a patchy cover of olivine‐rich sediment formed from erosional lag deposits and mineral‐specific comminution/transport. We test these hypotheses by developing a new technique to partially separate the spectral signals of bedrock and unconsolidated surficial sediment. It uses the differing thermophysical properties of sand and indurated materials, which change the relative contributions of these materials to the emitted spectrum over the diurnal cycle. We use multispectral Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) observations collected in the mid‐afternoon and early evening to apply this technique to eight Terra Sabaea bedrock plains and the Nili Fossae olivine‐carbonate plain. Significant changes in spectral shape arising from compositional differences between bedrock and sediment cover are observed in four bedrock plains. Where these differences are observed, the spectral changes are consistent decreased olivine abundance in the sediment fraction, rather than increased as previously hypothesized. Our results indicate that bedrock materials in the Terra Sabaea region are olivine‐rich in composition, likely indicating a pyroclastic origin for these materials.
Proterozoic to Phanerozoic Tectonism in Southwestern Montana Basement Ranges Constrained by Low Temperature Thermochronometric Data
Authors: Kaempfer Jenna M. , Guenthner William R. , Pearson David M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCrystalline basement rocks of southwestern Montana have been subjected to multiple tectonothermal events since ∼3.3 Ga: the Paleoproterozoic Big Sky/Great Falls orogeny, Mesoproterozoic extension associated with Belt‐Purcell basin formation, Neoproterozoic extension related to Rodinia rifting, and the late Phanerozoic Sevier‐Laramide orogeny. We investigated the long‐term (>1 Ga), low‐temperature (erosion/burial within 10 km of the surface) thermal histories of these tectonic events with zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronology. Data were collected across nine sample localities (n = 55 zircon and n = 26 apatite aliquots) in the northern and southern Madison ranges, the Blacktail‐Snowcrest arch, and the Tobacco Root uplift. Our zircon (U‐Th)/He data show negative trends between single aliquot date and effective uranium (a radiation damage proxy), which we interpreted with a thermal history model that considers the damage‐He diffusivity relationship in zircon. Our model results for these basement ranges show substantial cooling from temperatures above 400°C to near surface conditions between 800 and 510 Ma. Subsequent Phanerozoic exhumation culminated by ∼75 Ma. Late Phanerozoic cooling is coincident with along‐strike Sevier belt thin‐skinned thrusting in southeastern Idaho, and older than exhumation in basement‐involved uplifts of the Wyoming Laramide province. Our long‐term, low‐temperature thermal record for these southwestern Montana basement ranges shows that: (a) these basement blocks have experienced multiple episodes of upper crustal exhumation and burial since Archean time, possibly influencing Phanerozoic thrust architecture and (b) the late Phanerozoic thick‐skinned thrusting recorded by these rocks is among the earliest thermochronologic records of Laramide basement‐involved shortening and was concomitant with Sevier belt thin‐skinned thrusting.
Different Couplings Between Precipitation and Deformation at the Same Site: A Case Study at Central Pyrenees (Spain)
Authors: Amoruso Antonella , Crescentini Luca , Costa Riccardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImpact of hydrology‐associated deformation spans from the study of the rock hydrological properties and aquifer dynamics to the identification of geological disaster precursors. We analyze a comprehensive set of hydrology‐associated deformation signals, recorded by two underground 70 m long strainmeters (GAL16 and LAB780) operating under the Central Pyrenees (Spain) from the end of 2011 to the end of 2018. The two strainmeters measure extensional strain at the picostrain (10−12) level along two nearly orthogonal horizontal directions. Sign (compression or extension along any of the two directions), size, and time evolution of hydrology‐associated deformation vary considerably from season to season. We identify four classes of signals, related to summer rainfalls (producing compression along both GAL16 and LAB780), late‐spring and autumn rainfalls (producing extension along GAL16 and compression along LAB780), snow melting (producing opposite diurnal cycles along GAL16 and LAB780), and winter snowfalls (producing extension along both GAL16 and LAB780). Similar precipitations of the same class can give rise to differently sized signals; differences may be due to infiltration and/or surface load inhomogeneities as well as to complexities of the underground hydrogeological set up, which can lead to nonlinear, intrinsically time‐dependent, responses. Our modeling sheds light on the diverse effects associated with different environmental conditions. The variety of hydrology‐associated deformation we report is warning for the interpretation of all kinds of deformation data, as for their difficult modeling, the causative physical mechanisms, and the extreme care that is needed when removing hydrologically induced effects. Our insights are particularly useful in mountain areas.
High-quality reference genome and annotation aids understanding of berry development for evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium darrowii)
Authors: Yu Jiali , Hulse-Kemp Amanda M. , Babiker Ebrahiem , Staton Margaret 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVaccinium darrowiiCamp (2n = 2x = 24) is a native North American blueberry species and an important source of traits such as low chill requirement in commercial southern highbush blueberry breeding (Vaccinium corymbosum, 2n = 4x = 48). We present a chromosomal-scale genome ofV. darrowiigenerated by the combination of PacBio sequencing and high throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi–C) scaffolding technologies, yielding a total length of 1.06 Gigabases (Gb). Over 97.8% of the genome sequences are scaffolded into 24 chromosomes representing the two haplotypes. The primary haplotype assembly ofV. darrowiicontains 34,809 protein-coding genes. Comparison to aV. corymbosumhaplotype assembly reveals high collinearity between the two genomes with small intrachromosomal rearrangements in eight chromosome pairs. With small RNA sequencing, the annotation was further expanded to include more than 200,000 small RNA loci and 638 microRNAs expressed in berry tissues. Transcriptome analysis across fruit development stages indicates that genes involved in photosynthesis are downregulated, while genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis are significantly increased at the late stage of berry ripening. A high-quality reference genome and accompanying annotation ofV. darrowiiis a significant new resource for assessing the evergreen blueberry contribution to the breeding of southern highbush blueberries.
Characterization of germline development and identification of genes associated with germline specification in pineapple
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Liu Liping , Liu Yanhui , Dou Xianying , Cai Hanyang , Aslam Mohammad , Hou Zhimin , Jin Xingyue , Li Yi , Wang Lulu , Zhao Heming , Wang Xiaomei , Sicard Adrien , Qin Yuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding germline specification in plants could be advantageous for agricultural applications. In recent decades, substantial efforts have been made to understand germline specification in several plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. However, our knowledge of germline specification in many agronomically important plant species remains obscure. Here, we characterized the female germline specification and subsequent female gametophyte development in pineapple using callose staining, cytological, and whole-mount immunolocalization analyses. We also determined the male germline specification and gametophyte developmental timeline and observed male meiotic behavior using chromosome spreading assays. Furthermore, we identified 229 genes that are preferentially expressed at the megaspore mother cell (MMC) stage during ovule development and 478 genes that are preferentially expressed at the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage of anther development using comparative transcriptomic analysis. The biological functions, associated regulatory pathways and expression patterns of these genes were also analyzed. Our study provides a convenient cytological reference for exploring pineapple germline development and a molecular basis for the future functional analysis of germline specification in related plant species.
Spontaneous dynamical disordering of borophenes in MgB2 and related metal borides
Authors: Li Sichi , Gunda Harini , Ray Keith G. , Wong Chun-Shang , Xiao Penghao , Friddle Raymond W. , Liu Yi-Sheng , Kang ShinYoung , Dun Chaochao , Sugar Joshua D. , Kolasinski Robert D. , Wan Liwen F. , Baker Alexander A. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Urban Jeffrey J. , Jasuja Kabeer , Allendorf Mark D. , Stavila Vitalie , Wood Brandon C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLayered boron compounds have attracted significant interest in applications from energy storage to electronic materials to device applications, owing in part to a diversity of surface properties tied to specific arrangements of boron atoms. Here we report the energy landscape for surface atomic configurations of MgB2 by combining first-principles calculations, global optimization, material synthesis and characterization. We demonstrate that contrary to previous assumptions, multiple disordered reconstructions are thermodynamically preferred and kinetically accessible within exposed B surfaces in MgB2 and other layered metal diborides at low boron chemical potentials. Such a dynamic environment and intrinsic disordering of the B surface atoms present new opportunities to realize a diverse set of 2D boron structures. We validated the predicted surface disorder by characterizing exfoliated boron-terminated MgB2 nanosheets. We further discuss application-relevant implications, with a particular view towards understanding the impact of boron surface heterogeneity on hydrogen storage performance.
Electrically switchable van der Waals magnon valves
Authors: Chen Guangyi , Qi Shaomian , Liu Jianqiao , Chen Di , Wang Jiongjie , Yan Shili , Zhang Yu , Cao Shimin , Lu Ming , Tian Shibing , Chen Kangyao , Yu Peng , Liu Zheng , Xie X. C. , Xiao Jiang , Shindou Ryuichi , Chen Jian-Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVan der Waals magnets have emerged as a fertile ground for the exploration of highly tunable spin physics and spin-related technology. Two-dimensional (2D) magnons in van der Waals magnets are collective excitation of spins under strong confinement. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding 2D magnons, a crucial magnon device called the van der Waals magnon valve, in which the magnon signal can be completely and repeatedly turned on and off electrically, has yet to be realized. Here we demonstrate such magnon valves based on van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator MnPS3. By applying DC electric current through the gate electrode, we show that the second harmonic thermal magnon (SHM) signal can be tuned from positive to negative. The guaranteed zero crossing during this tuning demonstrates a complete blocking of SHM transmission, arising from the nonlinear gate dependence of the non-equilibrium magnon density in the 2D spin channel. Using the switchable magnon valves we demonstrate a magnon-based inverter. These results illustrate the potential of van der Waals anti-ferromagnets for studying highly tunable spin-wave physics and for application in magnon-base circuitry in future information technology.
Directed nickel-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective arylamination of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Xie Leipeng , Wang Shenghao , Zhang Lanlan , Zhao Lei , Luo Chun , Mu Linping , Wang Xiuguang , Wang Chao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFew methods have been reported for intermolecular arylamination of alkenes, which could provide direct access to important arylethylamine scaffolds. Herein, we report an intermolecular syn-1,2-arylamination of unactivated alkenes with arylboronic acids and O-benzoylhydroxylamine electrophiles with Ni(II) catalyst. The cleavable bidentate picolinamide directing group facilitates formation of stabilized 4-, 5- or 6-membered nickelacycles and enables the difunctionalization of diverse alkenyl amines with high levels of regio-, chemo- and diastereocontrol. This general and practical protocol is compatible with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. The utility of this method is further demonstrated by the site-selective modification of pharmaceutical agents.
Dynamic interactions and Ca2+-binding modulate the holdase-type chaperone activity of S100B preventing tau aggregation and seeding
Authors: Moreira Guilherme G. , Cantrelle François-Xavier , Quezada Andrea , Carvalho Filipa S. , Cristóvão Joana S. , Sengupta Urmi , Puangmalai Nicha , Carapeto Ana P. , Rodrigues Mário S. , Cardoso Isabel , Fritz Güenter , Herrera Federico , Kayed Rakez , Landrieu Isabelle , Gomes Cláudio M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in the formation of oligomers and fibrillar aggregates that evade proteostasis control and spread from cell-to-cell. Tau pathology is accompanied by sustained neuroinflammation and, while the release of alarmin mediators aggravates disease at late stages, early inflammatory responses encompass protective functions. This is the case of the Ca2+-binding S100B protein, an astrocytic alarmin which is augmented in AD and which has been recently implicated as a proteostasis regulator, acting over amyloid β aggregation. Here we report the activity of S100B as a suppressor of tau aggregation and seeding, operating at sub-stoichiometric conditions. We show that S100B interacts with tau in living cells even in microtubule-destabilizing conditions. Structural analysis revealed that tau undergoes dynamic interactions with S100B, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, notably with the aggregation prone repeat segments at the microtubule binding regions. This interaction involves contacts of tau with a cleft formed at the interface of the S100B dimer. Kinetic and mechanistic analysis revealed that S100B inhibits the aggregation of both full-length tau and of the microtubule binding domain, and that this proceeds through effects over primary and secondary nucleation, as confirmed by seeding assays and direct observation of S100B binding to tau oligomers and fibrils. In agreement with a role as an extracellular chaperone and its accumulation near tau positive inclusions, we show that S100B blocks proteopathic tau seeding. Together, our findings establish tau as a client of the S100B chaperone, providing evidence for neuro-protective functions of this inflammatory mediator across different tauopathies.
Ferroelectric 2D ice under graphene confinement
Authors: Chin Hao-Ting , Klimes Jiri , Hu I-Fan , Chen Ding-Rui , Nguyen Hai-Thai , Chen Ting-Wei , Ma Shao-Wei , Hofmann Mario , Liang Chi-Te , Hsieh Ya-Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe here report on the direct observation of ferroelectric properties of water ice in its 2D phase. Upon nanoelectromechanical confinement between two graphene layers, water forms a 2D ice phase at room temperature that exhibits a strong and permanent dipole which depends on the previously applied field, representing clear evidence for ferroelectric ordering. Characterization of this permanent polarization with respect to varying water partial pressure and temperature reveals the importance of forming a monolayer of 2D ice for ferroelectric ordering which agrees with ab-initio and molecular dynamics simulations conducted. The observed robust ferroelectric properties of 2D ice enable novel nanoelectromechanical devices that exhibit memristive properties. A unique bipolar mechanical switching behavior is observed where previous charging history controls the transition voltage between low-resistance and high-resistance state. This advance enables the realization of rugged, non-volatile, mechanical memory exhibiting switching ratios of 106, 4 bit storage capabilities and no degradation after 10,000 switching cycles.
Structural mechanisms of TRPV6 inhibition by ruthenium red and econazole
Authors: Neuberger Arthur , Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Sobolevsky Alexander I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTRPV6 is a calcium-selective ion channel implicated in epithelial Ca2+ uptake. TRPV6 inhibitors are needed for the treatment of a broad range of diseases associated with disturbed calcium homeostasis, including cancers. Here we combine cryo-EM, calcium imaging, and mutagenesis to explore molecular bases of human TRPV6 inhibition by the antifungal drug econazole and the universal ion channel blocker ruthenium red (RR). Econazole binds to an allosteric site at the channel’s periphery, where it replaces a lipid. In contrast, RR inhibits TRPV6 by binding in the middle of the ion channel’s selectivity filter and plugging its pore like a bottle cork. Despite different binding site locations, both inhibitors induce similar conformational changes in the channel resulting in closure of the gate formed by S6 helices bundle crossing. The uncovered molecular mechanisms of TRPV6 inhibition can guide the design of a new generation of clinically useful inhibitors.
Underrepresented patient views and perceptions of personalized medication treatment through pharmacogenomics
Authors: Saulsberry Loren , Danahey Keith , Borden Brittany A. , Lipschultz Elizabeth , Traore Maimouna , Ratain Mark J. , Meltzer David O. , O’Donnell Peter H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin an institutional pharmacogenomics implementation program, we surveyed 463 outpatients completing preemptive pharmacogenomic testing whose genetic results were available to providers for guiding medication treatment. We compared views and experiences from self-reported White and Black patients, including education level as a covariate across analyses. Black patients were less confident about whether their providers made personalized treatment decisions, and overwhelmingly wanted a greater role for their genetic information in clinical care. Both groups similarly reported that providers asked their opinions regarding medication changes, but White patients were more likely (59% vs. 49%,P = 0.005) to discuss the impact of personal/genetic makeup on medication response with providers, and Black patients reported initiating such discussions much less frequently (4% vs. 15%,P = 0.037). Opportunities exist for enhanced communication with underrepresented patients around personalized care. Tailored communication strategies and development of support tools employed in diverse healthcare settings may facilitate pharmacogenomically guided medication treatment that equitably benefits minority patient populations.
Attributes of the food and physical activity built environments from the Southern Cone of Latin America
Authors: Gutierrez Laura E. , Elorriaga Natalia , Gibbons Luz , Melendi Santiago , Chaparro Martín , Calandrelli Matías , Lanas Fernando , Mores Nora , Ponzo Jacqueline , Poggio Rosana , Berrueta Mabel , Irazola Vilma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown the influence of the physical and social environments on the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD). An obesogenic environment promotes higher dietary energy intakes and sedentary behaviors while limiting opportunities or incentives for active living. This paper presents a dataset with key attributes of the food and physical activity built environment, including green spaces, quality of streets and sidewalks, and different types of food retail outlets in four cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America. A total of 139 representative neighborhoods randomly selected from: Marcos Paz and Bariloche (Argentina), Temuco (Chile) and Canelones-Barros Blancos (Uruguay) were evaluated, where standardized community walks were conducted for direct observation of the built environment. This dataset will contribute valuable data to the evaluation of obesogenic environments in the region, and could be linked to additional ecological information about risk factors for NCDs and socio-economic features from other sources. Understanding environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factors and individual habits may help explain NCD outcomes and plan urban policies.