bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral effects of wolf presence on moose habitat selection: testing the landscape of fear hypothesis in an anthropogenic landscape
Authors: Sand Håkan , Jamieson Mark , Andrén Henrik , Wikenros Camilla , Cromsigt Joris , Månsson Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLandscape of fear refers to the spatial variation in prey perception of predation risk, that under certain conditions, may lead to changes in their behavior. Behavioral responses of prey in relation to large carnivore predation risk have mainly been conducted in areas with low anthropogenic impact. We used long-term data on the distribution of moose in different habitat types in a system characterized by intensive management of all three trophic levels (silviculture, harvest of wolves and moose) to study effects on moose habitat selection resulting from the return of an apex predator, the wolf. We assumed that coursing predators such as wolves will cause an increased risk for moose in some habitat types and tested the hypotheses that moose will avoid open or young forest habitats following wolf establishment. After wolf recolonization, moose reduced their use of one type of open habitat (bog) but there was neither change in the use of the other open habitat type (clear-cut), nor in their use of young forest. Wolf establishment did not influence the use of habitat close to dense habitat when being in open habitats. Thus, the effect of wolves varied among habitat types and there was no unidirectional support for a behavioral effect of wolves’ establishment on moose habitat use. Human-driven habitat heterogeneity, concentration of moose forage to certain habitat types, and the effects of a multiple predator guild on moose may all contribute to the results found. We conclude that the landscape of fear is likely to have weak ecological effects on moose in this system.
Immersed boundary-conformal isogeometric method for linear elliptic problems
Authors: Wei Xiaodong , Marussig Benjamin , Antolin Pablo , Buffa Annalisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a novel isogeometric method, namely the Immersed Boundary-Conformal Method (IBCM), that features a layer of discretization conformal to the boundary while employing a simple background mesh for the remaining domain. In this manner, we leverage the geometric flexibility of the immersed boundary method with the advantages of a conformal discretization, such as intuitive control of mesh resolution around the boundary, higher accuracy per degree of freedom, automatic satisfaction of interface kinematic conditions, and the ability to strongly impose Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the proposed method, starting with a boundary representation of a geometric model, we extrude it to obtain a corresponding conformal layer. Next, a given background B-spline mesh is cut with the conformal layer, leading to two disconnected regions: an exterior region and an interior region. Depending on the problem of interest, one of the two regions is selected to be coupled with the conformal layer through Nitsche’s method. Such a construction involves Boolean operations such as difference and union, which therefore require proper stabilization to deal with arbitrarily cut elements. In this regard, we follow our precedent work called the minimal stabilization method (Antolin et al in SIAM J Sci Comput 43(1):A330–A354, 2021). In the end, we solve several 2D benchmark problems to demonstrate improved accuracy and expected convergence with IBCM. Two applications that involve complex geometries are also studied to show the potential of IBCM, including a spanner model and a fiber-reinforced composite model. Moreover, we demonstrate the effectiveness of IBCM in an application that exhibits boundary-layer phenomena.
Functional ANOVA approaches for detecting changes in air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Acal Christian , Aguilera Ana M. , Sarra Annalina , Evangelista Adelia , Di Battista Tonio , Palermi Sergio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFaced with novel coronavirus outbreak, the most hard-hit countries adopted a lockdown strategy to contrast the spread of virus. Many studies have already documented that the COVID-19 control actions have resulted in improved air quality locally and around the world. Following these lines of research, we focus on air quality changes in the urban territory of Chieti-Pescara (Central Italy), identified as an area of criticality in terms of air pollution. Concentrations of $$\hbox {NO}_{{2}}$$

NO
2

, $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$

PM
10

, $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$

PM

2.5

and benzene are used to evaluate air pollution changes in this Region. Data were measured by several monitoring stations over two specific periods: from 1st February to 10 th March 2020 (before lockdown period) and from 11st March 2020 to 18 th April 2020 (during lockdown period). The impact of lockdown on air quality is assessed through functional data analysis. Our work makes an important contribution to the analysis of variance for functional data (FANOVA). Specifically, a novel approach based on multivariate functional principal component analysis is introduced to tackle the multivariate FANOVA problem for independent measures, which is reduced to test multivariate homogeneity on the vectors of the most explicative principal components scores. Results of the present study suggest that the level of each pollutant changed during the confinement. Additionally, the differences in the mean functions of all pollutants according to the location and type of monitoring stations (background vs traffic), are ascribable to the $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$

PM
10

and benzene concentrations for pre-lockdown and during-lockdown tenure, respectively. FANOVA has proven to be beneficial to monitoring the evolution of air quality in both periods of time. This can help environmental protection agencies in drawing a more holistic picture of air quality status in the area of interest.
“So, when a woman becomes ill, the total structure of the family is affected, they can’t do anything…” Voices from the community on women with breast cancer in India: a qualitative focus group study
Authors: Daniel Sunitha , Venkateswaran Chitra , Singh Charu , Hutchinson Ann , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Psychological symptoms are common in women with breast cancer and profoundly affect their role in the family and wider community, varying across cultural backgrounds. Breast cancer is becoming the most common cancer among women in India. We aimed to understand the cultural context within which Indian women with breast cancer living in India, experience psychological concerns from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, volunteers and church members.

Methods
Five focus groups were conducted in South India (clinicians (2 groups)) lay public (3 groups). A topic guide was explored: understanding of breast cancer, experiences of patients with regard to diagnosis and treatment and psychological impact. Groups were audio-recorded and verbatim transcribed. Lay groups were conducted in Malayalam with translation and back-translation. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis using “cultural task analysis” as a lens for analysis.

Results
Forty-five (oncologists (5), nurses (10), church members (16) and community volunteers working in a palliative care unit (14) participated. Three major themes psychosocial issues related to diagnosis, psychosocial impact of cancer treatment and coping with diagnosis and treatment and nine subthemes emerged from the two groups. All described psychological impact on women with breast cancer including body image, change of family role and their need for support. Family and faith were recognised as the major framework providing key support but also significant stress. Clinicians were also concerned about financial implications and issues around early cancer detection. Laypeople and nurses also commented that poor communication and lack of empathy from doctors aggravated distress.

Conclusion
Clinical and lay communities were aware of the widespread psychological impact affecting women with breast cancer which are amplified by the patriarchal context within which they live, which extends into clinical practice. Family and faith provide a strong support structure and are a cause of distress, as core roles and expectations are challenged by this disease of womanhood.
The Forward-Plane Star in $$^1$$H(d, pp)n Breakup at E$$_{{{\varvec{d}}}}=\mathbf{80}$$ MeV/nucleon
Authors: Wilczek A. , Szadziński A. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Skwira-Chalot I. , Stephan E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnalysis of the data acquired with the BINA detector system in $$^1$$

1

H(d, pp)n reaction at the beam energy of 80 MeV/nucleon makes a systematic analysis of the star configurations possible. This paper shows the preliminary cross section of the Forward-Plane Star (FPS) configuration with the neighbouring configurations.
Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) augmentation as an add-on therapy in deep surgical site infections (dSSIs) after instrumented spinal surgery: preliminary results of a single institution case series
Authors: Vasilikos Ioannis , Roelz Roland , Scholz Christoph , Mizaikoff Boris , Argiti Katerina , Ralf Watzlawick , Giagkos Georgios-Christos , Fragkakis Evangelos M. , Ghanaati Shahram , Beck Jürgen , Hubbe Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Deep surgical site infections (dSSIs) after instrumented spinal surgery pose major therapeutic challenges. Standard treatment involves surgical debridement, wound drainage, and long-term antibiotic administration. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) constitutes a biomaterial obtained from patients’ own blood that contains leukocytes, chemokines and growth factors boosting cicatrization. Due to favorable results reported from other surgical disciplines such as dentistry, orthopedics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery using PRF, the authors hypothesized that PRF augmentation will promote wound healing in dSSIs.

Objective
To report our preliminary results on the safety and efficacy of autologous-PRF as an add-on therapy on a pilot case series of persistent dSSI after instrumented spinal surgery.

Methods
Among the 293 patients who underwent dorsal decompression and stabilization of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine due to degenerative diseases in our department, 12 patients (4%) presented persisting dSSI after standard wound debridement and antibiotic treatment. PRF augmentation was used during a second surgical revision as an add-on therapy to standard debridement. In all cases, the wound was primarily closed without drains.

Results
Wound healing was completed between 14 and 21 days after the second surgical revision in all patients. At a median follow-up of 8 months (range: 6 to 18 months), no recurrence of dSSI nor complications were encountered in any case.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results suggest that PRF augmentation in persistent dSSI after instrumented spinal surgery appears to be a safe and effective strategy to promote wound healing. Prospective controlled studies are required to define the efficiency of PRF more clearly in both treating and preventing dSSI.
Three-way interaction effects of early life stress, positive parenting and FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms in a general population
Authors: Keijser Rebecka , Olofsdotter Susanne , Nilsson Kent W. , Åslund Cecilia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFKBP5 gene–environment interaction (cG × E) studies have shown diverse results, some indicating significant interaction effects between the gene and environmental stressors on depression, while others lack such results. Moreover, FKBP5 has a potential role in the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a cG × E interaction effect of FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype and early life stress (ELS) on depressive symptoms among young adults was moderated by a positive parenting style (PASCQpos), through the frameworks of the diathesis stress and differential susceptibility theorem. Data were obtained from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland Cohort Study, including 1006 participants and their guardians. Data were collected during 2012, when the participants were 13 and 15 years old (Wave I: DNA), 2015, when participants were 16 and 18 years old (Wave II: PASCQpos, depressive symptomology and ELS) and 2018, when participants were 19 and 21 years old (Wave III: depressive symptomology). Significant three-way interactions were found for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916, rs7748266 and rs9394309, moderated by ELS and PASCQpos, on depressive symptoms among young adults. Diathesis stress patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNPs rs1360780, rs4713916 and rs9394309, and differential susceptibility patterns of interaction were observed for the FKBP5 SNP rs7748266. Findings emphasize the possible role of FKBP5 in the development of depressive symptoms among young adults and contribute to the understanding of possible differential susceptibility effects of FKBP5.
A systematic approach to nonresonance conditions for periodically forced planar Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Fabry Christian , Fonda Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the first part of the paper we consider periodic perturbations of some planar Hamiltonian systems. In a general setting, we detect conditions ensuring the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions. In the second part, the same ideas are used to deal with some more general planar differential systems.
Treibhausgasneutralität 2045/2050: Verschärfung der nationalen und der europäischen Klimaziele
Authors: Schiffer Hans-Wilhelm 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf nationaler und auf europäischer Ebene sind die zuvor bestehenden Klimaziele deutlich verschärft worden. Die neuen Vorgaben, mit denen in Deutschland 2045 und in der EU27 bis 2050 Treibhausgasneutralität erreicht werden soll, werden ebenso dargestellt wie die Instrumente, mit denen die Bundesregierung und die EU diesen Zielen gerecht zu werden beabsichtigen. In dem „Fit for 55 Package“, das die EU-Kommission am 14. Juli 2021 vorgeschlagen hat, wird zur Vermeidung von Carbon Leakage die Einführung eines „Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism“ (CBAM) vorgeschlagen. Die Eckpunkte dieses Vorschlags werden skizziert und einer Bewertung unterzogen. Allerdings wäre eine internationale Verständigung auf einen CO2-Mindestpreis innerhalb der G20 dem von der EU-Kommission befürworteten CBAM deutlich überlegen.
Effects of Uncertainty of Outlet Boundary Conditions in a Patient-Specific Case of Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Antonuccio Maria Nicole , Mariotti Alessandro , Fanni Benigno Marco , Capellini Katia , Capelli Claudio , Sauvage Emilie , Celi Simona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of blood flow are widely used to compute a variety of hemodynamic indicators such as velocity, time-varying wall shear stress, pressure drop, and energy losses. One of the major advances of this approach is that it is non-invasive. The accuracy of the cardiovascular simulations depends directly on the level of certainty on input parameters due to the modelling assumptions or computational settings. Physiologically suitable boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet of the computational domain are needed to perform a patient-specific CFD analysis. These conditions are often affected by uncertainties, whose impact can be quantified through a stochastic approach. A methodology based on a full propagation of the uncertainty from clinical data to model results is proposed here. It was possible to estimate the confidence associated with model predictions, differently than by deterministic simulations. We evaluated the effect of using three-element Windkessel models as the outflow boundary conditions of a patient-specific aortic coarctation model. A parameter was introduced to calibrate the resistances of the Windkessel model at the outlets. The generalized Polynomial Chaos method was adopted to perform the stochastic analysis, starting from a few deterministic simulations. Our results show that the uncertainty of the input parameter gave a remarkable variability on the volume flow rate waveform at the systolic peak simulating the conditions before the treatment. The same uncertain parameter had a slighter effect on other quantities of interest, such as the pressure gradient. Furthermore, the results highlight that the fine-tuning of Windkessel resistances is not necessary to simulate the post-stenting scenario.
Turbulence Characteristics Across a Range of Idealized Urban Canopy Geometries
Authors: Blunn Lewis P. , Coceal Omduth , Nazarian Negin , Barlow Janet F. , Plant Robert S. , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Lean Humphrey W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGood representation of turbulence in urban canopy models is necessary for accurate prediction of momentum and scalar distribution in and above urban canopies. To develop and improve turbulence closure schemes for one-dimensional multi-layer urban canopy models, turbulence characteristics are investigated here by analyzing existing large-eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation data. A range of geometries and flow regimes are analyzed that span packing densities of 0.0625 to 0.44, different building array configurations (cubes and cuboids, aligned and staggered arrays, and variable building height), and different incident wind directions ($$0^\circ $$

0
∘

and $$45^\circ $$

45
∘

with regards to the building face). Momentum mixing-length profiles share similar characteristics across the range of geometries, making a first-order momentum mixing-length turbulence closure a promising approach. In vegetation canopies turbulence is dominated by mixing-layer eddies of a scale determined by the canopy-top shear length scale. No relationship was found between the depth-averaged momentum mixing length within the canopy and the canopy-top shear length scale in the present study. By careful specification of the intrinsic averaging operator in the canopy, an often-overlooked term that accounts for changes in plan area density with height is included in a first-order momentum mixing-length turbulence closure model. For an array of variable-height buildings, its omission leads to velocity overestimation of up to $$17\%$$

17
%

. Additionally, we observe that the von Kármán coefficient varies between 0.20 and 0.51 across simulations, which is the first time such a range of values has been documented. When driving flow is oblique to the building faces, the ratio of dispersive to turbulent momentum flux is larger than unity in the lower half of the canopy, and wake production becomes significant compared to shear production of turbulent momentum flux. It is probable that dispersive momentum fluxes are more significant than previously thought in real urban settings, where the wind direction is almost always oblique.
Applications of cellulose-based agents for flocculation processes: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Barrero-Fernández Alejandro , Aguado Roberto , Moral Ana , Brindley Celeste , Ballesteros Menta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNot surprisingly, cellulose-based agents for wastewater treatments, and more precisely for coagulation-flocculation processes, raise growing interest, boosted not only by the high availability, functionality, renewability, and biodegradability of cellulose, but also by the outstanding performance of their derivatives. The analysis of 460 publications including review papers, research articles and book chapters, among others, reveals a multidisciplinary approach, where the fields Materials Science, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science play a major role. In terms of institutions, some of the most relevant contributors are the Wuhan University, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, to name a few. The most relevant journals were found to be Carbohydrate Polymers, International Journal of Applied Polymer Science and Cellulose. An analysis of 332 keywords allowed us to classify works into three major clusters (besides two minor ones): one mostly defined by cellulose and coagulation; a second one championed by flocculation and cellulose derivatives; and a third one including wastewater treatment and polysaccharides. While the evolution of the scientific production leaves little doubt about it, as depicted in this bibliometric study, this is the first work providing an in-depth assessment and classification of the literature on cellulose for particle aggregation purposes.
Towards regenerated cellulose fibers with high toughness
Authors: Moriam Kaniz , Sawada Daisuke , Nieminen Kaarlo , Hummel Michael , Ma Yibo , Rissanen Marja , Sixta Herbert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe production of sustainable and high-performance fabrics requires high mechanical strength of the individual (staple) fibers. Although Ioncell fibers already exhibit higher fiber strength than commercial man-made cellulose fibers or cotton fibers, we further aimed to increase both strength and toughness to gradually approach synthetic fibers in these properties. Decisive factors for the achievable mechanical properties of the fibers were the pulp purity, the cellulose concentration in the spinning solution and length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the cylindrical part of the spinneret. The absence of low molecular weight fractions in combination with an increased average molecular weight had the highest impact on the achievement of both high strength and toughness. Using a spinneret with a high L/D ratio, it was possible to spin Ioncell fibers with a tensile strength of 925 MPa (61.5 cN/tex) and a modulus of toughness of 83.3 MPa (55.5 J/g). According to a fluid dynamic simulation, uniformly longer molecular cellulose chains in combination with a longer cylindrical capillary promoted an effective alignment of the cellulose molecules inside the spinneret capillary before entering the airgap, thus creating the conditions for a simultaneous increase in tensile strength and elongation i.e. toughness of the fiber. Mechanistically, high fiber toughness is caused by the structural parameters in longitudinal direction, in particular by a higher tilt angle, a longer periodicity of the lamellar plane and lower micro void orientation. In summary, we have developed lyocell-type fibers with high strength and toughness, which can potentially be used as a surrogate for synthetic fibers.
Graphic abstract