bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of the vaginal microbiome and potential restorative strategies on maternal health: a narrative review
Authors: Moumne Olivia , Hampe Mary E. , Montoya-Williams Diana , Carson Tiffany L. , Neu Josef , Francois Magda , Rhoton-Vlasak Alice , Lemas Dominick J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The vaginal microbiome undergoes dramatic shifts before and throughout pregnancy. Although the genetic and environmental factors that regulate the vaginal microbiome have yet to be fully elucidated, high-throughput sequencing has provided an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate the vaginal microbiome as a potential source of next-generation therapeutics. Accumulating data demonstrates that vaginal health during pregnancy includes commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus that serve to reduce pH and prevent pathogenic invasion. Vaginal microbes have been studied as contributors to several conditions occurring before and during pregnancy, and an emerging topic in women’s health is finding ways to alter and restore the vaginal microbiome. Among these restorations, perhaps the most significant effect could be preterm labor (PTL) prevention. Since bacterial vaginosis (BV) is known to increase risk of PTL, and vaginal and oral probiotics are effective as supplemental treatments for BV prevention, a potential therapeutic benefit exists for pregnant women at risk of PTL. A new method of restoration, vaginal microbiome transplants (VMTs) involves transfer of one women’s cervicovaginal secretions to another. New studies investigating recurrent BV will determine if VMTs can safely establish a healthy Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiome. In most cases, caution must be taken in attributing a disease state and vaginal dysbiosis with a causal relationship, since the underlying reason for dysbiosis is usually unknown. This review focuses on the impact of vaginal microflora on maternal outcomes before and during pregnancy, including PTL, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and infertility. It then reviews the clinical evidence focused on vaginal restoration strategies, including VMTs.
Transatlantic linguistic ties: The impact of Jamaican on African youth language practices
Authors: Tomei Renato , Hollington Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis contribution seeks to shed light on global dimensions of language contact and language change with regard to African youth languages. Looking at the influences of Jamaican speech forms on youth language practices in Africa, the focus will be on transatlantic linguistic ties that link Africa and its Diaspora. As the case studies will illustrate, Jamaican has a huge impact on youths in Africa and is used extensively in their communicative practices. Music, in this regard, plays an important role: Reggae and Dancehall music are highly popular in many (especially Anglophone) African countries, and these Jamaican music genres are quite influential with regard to language practices among African youth and beyond. Music thus represents an important site of language contact, and also serves as a means to learn the Jamaican language. In our paper we will draw on examples from different African countries to illustrate the wide spread of Jamaican influences. Our focus will be on case studies in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Africa and the Gambia. We will discuss selected song examples from a sociolinguistic perspective that takes these various language practices as a base and then looks at the contexts and motivations for the use of Jamaican speech forms.
Youth language in Africa: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Hurst-Harosh Ellen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article introduces this special issue of Linguistics Vanguard which focuses on youth language practices in Africa. The study of youth language and the linguistic practices of youth in the African continent is a rich field that has been expanding and deepening in recent years. This special issue emerged from a collection of papers presented at a workshop during the International Congress of Linguists (ICL20) in Cape Town, July 2018. The articles that come together in this special collection showcase some of the most productive and fascinating aspects of youth language in Africa and demonstrate why this field is particularly relevant for sociolinguistics today. This introduction describes some of the key subfields in African Youth Language research. It also introduces the articles in the special issue, in relation to three main themes: the linguistic analysis of youth language; the relationship between youth language and identity; and individual creativity and stylistic choice.
The Economic Impact of Terrorism from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Bardwell Harrison , Iqbal Mohib 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper estimates the economic impact of terrorism at $US 33 billion in 2018. In the 18 years from 2000 to 2018, terrorism cost the world economy $US 855 billion. This model follows the methodology of the 2019 Global Terrorism Index and uses a bottom-up cost accounting approach to aggregate the cost of four indicators that result from the incidents of terrorism. The four indicators include terrorism-related deaths, injuries, property damage and GDP losses. The findings of this paper show that global terrorism peaked in 2014 with 33,555 deaths globally and a consequential economic impact of $US 111 billion. From 2011 to 2014, terrorism-related deaths increased by 353%, and terrorist incidents rose by 190%. The 100 incidents with the highest economic impact from deaths and injuries are included in the analysis. The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States stands as the incident with the highest economic impact accounting for deaths and injuries only at $US 40.6 billion, this is followed by the Sinjar massacre in Sinjar, Nineveh, Iraq at $US 4.3 billion.
Review of research, development and application of photovoltaic/thermal water systems
Authors: Kostić Ljiljana T. , Aleksić Jelena S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Among the many techniques for obtaining heat and electricity, solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic (PV) technology and PV/thermal (PV/T) technology have a very important place. The PV/T collectors enable the simultaneous conversion of solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy in a single device, with better space utilization and cost efficiency during construction. Specially designed PV/T collectors can replace the outer walls or roof covers and can be widely used in private houses, flat complexes, hospitals, schools, tourist and other objects for water heating and electrical energy generation. Due to their great application potential, hybrid collectors have been the subject of very intensive scientific research and technical development for many years. In this review article, the focus is on the research, development and application of the PV/T water systems in the last 10 years. The main task of researchers and manufacturers is to increase the efficiency of PV modules and thermal absorbers, using new materials and design types as well as their proper integration into the PV/T collector. It is also necessary to reduce the cost of these systems and make them more competitive in the market. In addition, the importance of PV/T systems is in providing energy in clean and environmentally friendly ways.
COVID–19 infection and stroke risk
Authors: Sadeghmousavi Shaghayegh , Rezaei Nima 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to other countries. The most common reported symptoms are fever, dry cough, myalgia and fatigue, headache, anorexia, and breathlessness. Anosmia and dysgeusia as well as gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and diarrhea are other notable symptoms. This virus also can exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases, including epileptic seizures, cerebrovascular accident, Guillian barre syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis. In this study, we discuss stroke as a complication of the new coronavirus and its possible mechanisms of damage.
Recent advances in the noninvasive detection of high-frequency oscillations in the human brain
Authors: Fan Yuying , Dong Liping , Liu Xueyan , Wang Hua , Liu Yunhui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, a significant body of evidence based on invasive clinical research has showed that high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker for localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ), and therefore, have the potential to improve postsurgical outcomes in patients with epilepsy. Emerging clinical literature has demonstrated that HFOs can be recorded noninvasively using methods such as scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Not only are HFOs considered to be a useful biomarker of the SOZ, they also have the potential to gauge disease severity, monitor treatment, and evaluate prognostic outcomes. In this article, we review recent clinical research on noninvasively detected HFOs in the human brain, with a focus on epilepsy. Noninvasively detected scalp HFOs have been investigated in various types of epilepsy. HFOs have also been studied noninvasively in other pathologic brain disorders, such as migraine and autism. Herein, we discuss the challenges reported in noninvasive HFO studies, including the scarcity of MEG and high-density EEG equipment in clinical settings, low signal-to-noise ratio, lack of clinically approved automated detection methods, and the difficulty in differentiating between physiologic and pathologic HFOs. Additional studies on noninvasive recording methods for HFOs are needed, especially prospective multicenter studies. Further research is fundamental, and extensive work is needed before HFOs can routinely be assessed in clinical settings; however, the future appears promising.
Economic dynamics of epidemiological bifurcations
Authors: Aadland David , Finnoff David , Huang Kevin X.D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the nature of rational expectations equilibria for economic epidemiological models, with a particular focus on the behavioral origins and dynamics of epidemiological bifurcations. Unlike mathematical epidemiological models, economic epidemiological models can produce regions of indeterminacy or instability around the endemic steady states due to endogenous human responses to epidemiological circumstance variation, medical technology change, or health policy reform. We consider SI, SIS, SIR and SIRS versions of economic compartmental models and show how well-intentioned public policy may contribute to disease instability, uncertainty, and welfare losses.
Genetic and epigenetic concept of SARS-CoV-2 targets in different renal cancer subtypes
Authors: Akin-Bali Dilara Fatma , Sagkan Rahşan Ilikci 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Recent advances in defining the genetic landscape of has shown the host cell- SARS-CoV-2 interaction via ACE2 protein and the presence of at least three additional virus invasion genes including TMPRSS2, FURIN, CD147/BSG. In current study, we investigated the mutation and m-RNA expression patterns of target genes by evaluating the associations between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the target genes and susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection of renal cancer subtypes.

Methods
We investigated the mutation and m-RNA expression patterns of our target genes. The promoter methylation profiles of target genes were tested in the UALCAN database.

Results
The total rate of carrying genetic anomaly in the target genes including was 1.6% and seven mutations, one of which had a pathogenic feature, were detected. The expression analysis results in renal cancer groups showed that while the KIRC and KIRP patients had a lower level of TMPRSS2 than the healthy control, their ACE2 level was high. KICH patients had a higher level of CD147/BSG expression than the healthy group. The promoter methylation levels of ACE2 in KIRC and KIRP were reduced.

Conclusions
We concluded that renal cancer patients may be more sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may worsen the prognosis.
Estradiol differentially regulates DUX4, β-catenin and PAX3/PAX7 in primary myoblasts of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Hangul Ceren , Celik Esin Guvenir , Kaya Hacer , Eroglu Onur , Uysal Hilmi , Karauzum Sibel Berker 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is a clinical variability and heterogeneity among Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) patients. Escalation after menopause in women, early onset in men suggests that estrogen might be a protective factor on the course of FSHD. In spite of few molecular studies supporting the protective role of estrogen in FSHD in vitro, there is no study revealing the effect of estradiol on the protein levels of DUX4, β-catenin and PAX3/PAX7. In present study, we investigated the effect of estradiol treatment on the expressions of DUX4, β-catenin and PAX3/PAX7 protein levels.

Materials and Methods
Primary myoblasts of 63 and 71 years old (63yM/71yM) males; 47 years old (47yF) female FSHD patients were used. Cells were processed under these conditions; (i) untreated, (ii) 10 nM-30 min estradiol and (iii) 10 nM-4 h estradiol treated. The expression of DUX4, PAX3/PAX7 and β-catenin were examined by western-blotting.

Results
Expression of DUX4 significantly downregulated after 4 h treatment of estradiol while PAX3/PAX7 56 kDa variant expression upregulated in 71yM cells. β-catenin and PAX3 expression was variable among the samples.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that estrogen might be a palliative treatment option via downregulation of DUX4 protein in DUX4 expressing FSHD patients.
A novel three-dimensional cadmium sulfate-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymer with green photoluminescence
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zhao Zhen , Tang Yao , Liu Jing-Si , Huang Gui-Lin , Liu Xi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Layer diffusion of 3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (BptH) in ethanol on an aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate leads to a novel three-dimensional cadmium sulfate-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymer (IOHP), CdSO4(H2O)(BptH)·1.5H2O (1). Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), and further characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectra (IR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. IOHP 1 exhibits a novel 2-nodal 3,5-connected nanoporous structure formed by BptH ligands connecting 2D neutral inorganic cadmium sulfate layers. Water molecules reside in its nanoporous channels. The thermal stability and solid-state photoluminescence properties of the compound have also been investigated.
Orbitofrontal State Representations Are Related to Choice Adaptations and Reward Predictions
Authors: Stalnaker Thomas A. , Raheja Nishika , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: January 2021

Animals can categorize the environment into “states,” defined by unique sets of available action-outcome contingencies in different contexts. Doing so helps them choose appropriate actions and make accurate outcome predictions when in each given state. State maps have been hypothesized to be held in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an area implicated in decision-making and encoding information about outcome predictions. Here we recorded neural activity in OFC in 6 male rats to test state representations. Rats were trained on an odor-guided choice task consisting of five trial blocks containing distinct sets of action-outcome contingencies, constituting states, with unsignaled transitions between them. OFC neural ensembles were analyzed using decoding algorithms. Results indicate that the vast majority of OFC neurons contributed to representations of the current state at any point in time, independent of odor cues and reward delivery, even at the level of individual neurons. Across state transitions, these representations gradually integrated evidence for the new state; the rate at which this integration happened in the prechoice part of the trial was related to how quickly the rats' choices adapted to the new state. Finally, OFC representations of outcome predictions, often thought to be the primary function of OFC, were dependent on the accuracy of OFC state representations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA prominent hypothesis proposes that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) tracks current location in a “cognitive map” of state space. Here we tested this idea in detail by analyzing neural activity recorded in OFC of rats performing a task consisting of a series of states, each defined by a set of available action-outcome contingencies. Results show that most OFC neurons contribute to state representations and that these representations are related to the rats' decision-making and OFC reward predictions. These findings suggest new interpretations of emotional dysregulation in pathologies, such as addiction, which have long been known to be related to OFC dysfunction.
Cold sintering of microwave dielectric ceramics and devices
Authors: Wang Dawei , Li Linhao , Jiang Juan , Lu Zhilun , Wang Ge , Song Kaixin , Zhou Di , Reaney Ian M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrowave (MW) dielectric ceramics are used in numerous electronic components for modern wireless communication systems, including antennas, resonators, capacitors and filters. However, to date, MW ceramics are manufactured by an energy-intensive, conventional high-temperature (> 1000 °C) sintering technology and thus cannot be co-sintered with low melting point and base electrodes (Ag, Al, etc., < 1000 °C), nor directly integrated with polymers (< 200 °C). Cold sintering is able to densify ceramics at < 200 °C via a combination of external pressure and a transient liquid phase, reducing the energy consumed and facilitating greater integration with dissimilar materials. This review outlines the basics of MW ceramics alongside the mechanism of cold sintering. Recent developments in cold sintering of MW ceramics, composites and devices are described, emphasizing new materials and progress towards component/device fabrication. Future prospects and critical issues for advancing cold-sintered MW materials and devices, such as unclear mechanism, lowQ × fvalues and poor mechanical properties, are discussed.Graphic abstract
Effect of processing on the structures and properties of bismuth sodium titanate compounds
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Zhang Hangfeng , Wu Jiyue , Venkata Ramana E. , Yu Chuying , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Reece M. J. , Yan Haixue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe processing of sodium (Na) and bismuth (Bi)-based piezoelectric compounds are always a concern due to their volatilization at high temperatures (> 1000 °C) and the hygroscopic nature of the precursors. The effect of drying and impurities in the precursors on 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)–0.06BaTiO3(BNTBT) ceramics was investigated. A substantial difference in the weight fraction of polar (R3c) and weak-polar (P4bm) phase at room temperature was observed for BNTBT obtained from dried, undried and low purity precursors, evaluated by XRD and Raman. The local crystal structure was evaluated by transmission electron microscope, which showed the presence of both ferroelectric domains and polar nano regions. The electrical measurements corroborated well with the structure results, and showed a variation in the depolarization temperature (Td). The results highlight the importance of the pre-processing steps on the functional compounds obtained from sensitive elements, which has broader implementations for similar systems.
The Moderating Effect of Alcohol Use Disorder on Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Outcomes in Veterans
Authors: Hocking Elise , Livingston Nicholas A. , Creech Suzannah K. , Taft Casey 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundVeterans report relatively high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) due to high trauma exposure. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is more prevalent among veterans, is a risk factor for IPV use and recidivism following IPV intervention. Using data from a prior randomized control trial of a trauma-informed IPV intervention, we examined the moderating effect of AUD on treatment outcomes among veterans.MethodsParticipants were 61 male veterans (M age = 37.18, SD = 13.23; 82% White; 18% met criteria for AUD) who participated in the Strength at Home (SAH) IPV intervention. Generalized mixed modelling was used to examine the effects of AUD and treatment attendance on posttreatment reductions in IPV.ResultsA significant three-way interaction between time, AUD, and session attendance was observed with respect to reductions in psychological IPV. Specifically, psychological IPV decreased significantly over time, but to a lesser extent among individuals with AUD, regardless of treatment attendance.DiscussionResults indicate that participants with AUD receive less benefit from treatment with regard to coercive and controlling abusive behaviors. Findings speak to the need for adapting IPV intervention in order to address problematic alcohol use and related externalizing psychopathology.
PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN TEKS ANEKDOT SECARA DARING
Authors: Achmad Zufli , Kusumaningsih Dewi , Sukarno Sukarno , Astuti Arum Puji 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the face-to-face learning process, therefore a solution is needed to answer these problems. Online learning (online) is an alternative that can overcome this problem. Online learning with online applications including Google classroom, Google from, Whatsapp groups and other media. Especially in language lessons in improving the making of anecdotal texts. The purpose of this study was to obtain a description of the effectiveness of the implementation of online learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Sukoharjo in the creativity of writing anecdotal texts. This study used a survey method by distributing questionnaires conducted online, and the number of samples was 36 students in the TKR class X SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Sukoharjo study. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study indicate that students are less effective and less understanding in online learning. The media used by students are gadgets (HP) and there are several obstacles faced during this online learning, ranging from technical problems when learning online, networking on gadgets, and quite expensive quota fees.
Keywords: Online learning; effectiveness; constrains
Nonsurgical Management of Combined Occipitocervical and Atlantoaxial Distraction Injuries
Authors: Kolz Joshua M. , Christensen Tyson C. , Diehn Felix E. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Currier Bradford L. , Nassr Ahmad N. 
Published: January 2021

Case:
A 41-year-old man sustained occipitocervical dislocation (OCD) and atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) injuries in a motor vehicle collision. These injuries were treated nonoperatively with a hard cervical collar and activity restrictions with an excellent result at 4-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
OCD and AAD injuries require prompt diagnosis and immobilization. Standard of care for coexisting injuries is occipitocervical fusion; however, some patients have coexisting injuries which may prevent operative treatment. These polytrauma patients require a creative nonoperative approach with close follow-up to avoid neurologic decline.
Operative Management of a Nonunion at the Superior Angle of the Scapula
Authors: Carlson Tim A. , Ogunleye Temi D. , Barei David P. , Cole Peter A. 
Published: January 2021

Case:
We present the case of a 40-year-old man with a fracture to the superior angle of the scapula who was treated nonoperatively for 10 months—leading to a symptomatic nonunion. The patient underwent reconstruction of the nonunion for a painful shoulder and was followed clinically for 3 years. He demonstrated major improvement in function and symptoms.

Conclusion:
Nonunions of the scapular superior angle can be effectively managed with surgical reconstruction.