bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Pneumonia Due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and Cytomegalovirus in a Patient With HIV Infection
Authors: Xie Yirui , Ruan Bing , Jin Lingxiao , Zhu Biao 
Published: March 2021

Background: Pulmonary infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The pathogens spectrum of pulmonary infection that can affect patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is wide such as bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic organisms, and so on. The risk of multi-pathogenic pneumonia is higher in HIV-infected patients. However, the fast and accurate diagnosis of multi-pathogenic pneumonia is challenging because of the limitations of current conventional tests.Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in a 22-year-old male with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Blood tests revealed a low CD4 count, a chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed extensive ground-glass opacities in the bilateral lung with multiple cavity lesions in the left upper lung. Microscopic examination of stained sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) smear specimens did not find any pathogens. There was also no evidence of pathogens known to cause pneumonia in bacteria and fungi culture tests and virus antibodies such as EBV, CMV, and COVID-19. The nucleic acid of CMV in blood was reported by quantitative PCR. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of BALF specimens identified a large number of P. jirovecii and CMV reads, and confirmed the diagnosis of pneumonia due to P. jirovecii and CMV. Following the patient's treatment with anti-PCP and anti-CMV, the patient was cured and discharged.Conclusions: This case highlights the combined application of NGS in the clinical diagnosis of multi-pathogenic pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient. NGS is proposed as an important adjunctive diagnostic approach for identifying pathogens of multi-pathogenic pneumonia in HIV-infected patients.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for the Evaluation of Retinal Vasculature in Fabry Disease: Our Experience and Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Bacherini Daniela , Vicini Giulio , Nicolosi Cristina , Tanini Ilaria , Lenzetti Chiara , Finocchio Lucia , Cirami Lino Calogero , Dervishi Egrina , Rizzo Stanislao , Virgili Gianni , Giansanti Fabrizio , Sodi Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive and objective tool for the evaluation of the retinal microvascular changes in Fabry disease (FD). We investigated changes in retinal vasculature in FD patients, and the possible correlation with systemic parameters, by using OCTA, and reviewed the current status of literature.Methods: Thirteen FD patients (eight females, five males, mean age 49.85 ± 14.7 years) were compared with 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. OCTA 3 × 3 mm macular scans were performed in all subjects. We evaluated the vessel density and vessel perfusion in distinct macular areas (whole, inner, and outer) of both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP VD and SCP VP) and of the deep capillary plexus (DCP VD and DCP VP). We also evaluated the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics (area, perimeter, and circularity), and correlation between systemic and OCTA parameters. A literature review on the current understanding of OCTA in FD is then presented.Results: FD patients showed significantly lower SCP VD values in the whole area (17.37 ± 2.08 mm−1 vs. 18.54 ± 1.21 mm−1; p-value 0.022), as well as in the outer area (17.46 ± 2.10 mm−1 vs. 19.08 ± 1.14 mm−1; p-value 0.002), but not in the inner. Even the DCP VD was significantly lower in all the imaged areas: whole (17.75 ± 3.93 mm−1 vs. 19.71 ± 1.20 mm−1; p-value 0.024), outer (18.25 ± 4.17 mm−1 vs. 20.33 ± 1.20 mm−1; p-value 0.023), and inner (19.54 ± 4.17 mm−1 vs. 21.96 ± 1.55 mm−1; p-value 0.011). There were no significant differences in vessel perfusion parameters (both SCP VP and DCP VP ones) and FAZ. No significant correlations were found between the OCTA parameters and systemic parameters (maximal left ventricular wall thickness and glomerular filtration rate) in FD patients.Conclusions: OCTA can be considered as a promising non-invasive tool, which enables a quantitative evaluation of retinal vascular involvement in FD, despite the varying data reported in literature. Our results support the use of OCTA as an objective tool to evaluate retinal vascular abnormalities in FD. The utility of OCTA in FD needs to be validated by longitudinal studies taking into account the overall progression of the disease.
CyberKnife for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Maria Lucio , Terzi di Bergamo Lodovico , Conti Alfredo , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Pinzi Valentina , Murai Taro , Lanciano Rachelle , Burneikiene Sigita , Buglione di Monale Michela , Magrini Stefano Maria , Fontanella Marco Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivePossible treatment strategies for recurrent malignant gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatments. Among different reirradiation modalities, the CyberKnife System has shown promising results. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis to establish the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 2000 to 2021 for studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of CyberKnife treatment for recurrent WHO grade III and grade IV gliomas of the brain. Two independent reviewers selected studies and abstracted data. Missing information was requested from the authors via email correspondence. The primary outcomes were median Overall Survival, median Time To Progression, and median Progression-Free Survival. We performed subgroup analyses regarding WHO grade and chemotherapy. Besides, we analyzed the relationship between median Time To Recurrence and median Overall Survival from CyberKnife treatment. The secondary outcomes were complications, local response, and recurrence. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsThirteen studies reporting on 398 patients were included. Median Overall Survival from initial diagnosis and CyberKnife treatment was 22.6 months and 8.6 months. Median Time To Progression and median Progression-Free Survival from CyberKnife treatment were 6.7 months and 7.1 months. Median Overall Survival from CyberKnife treatment was 8.4 months for WHO grade IV gliomas, compared to 11 months for WHO grade III gliomas. Median Overall Survival from CyberKnife treatment was 4.4 months for patients who underwent CyberKnife treatment alone, compared to 9.5 months for patients who underwent CyberKnife treatment plus chemotherapy. We did not observe a correlation between median Time To Recurrence and median Overall Survival from CyberKnife. Rates of acute neurological and acute non-neurological side effects were 3.6% and 13%. Rates of corticosteroid dependency and radiation necrosis were 18.8% and 4.3%.ConclusionsReirradiation of recurrent malignant gliomas with the CyberKnife System provides encouraging survival rates. There is a better survival trend for WHO grade III gliomas and for patients who undergo combined treatment with CyberKnife plus chemotherapy. Rates of complications are low. Larger prospective studies are warranted to provide more accurate results.
Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Children and Neonates in China: Results From Quarterly Point Prevalence Surveys in 2019
Authors: Wang Chu-ning , Tong Jianning , Yi Bin , Huttner Benedikt D. , Cheng Yibing , Li Shuangjie , Wan Chaomin , Zhu Qingxiong , Zhou Qionghua , Zhao Shiyong , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wang Daobin , Jia Chunmei , Shan Qing-wen , Zhao Yun , Lan Chenfu , Zhao Dongchi , Zhou Yibo , Liu Jing , Zhu Chunhui , Zhu Yu , Li Rui , Wu Xiaodan , Qi Zhenghong , Wang Caihong , Gao Huiling , Ye Wenyu , Zhang Liling , Xu Xiaohong , Hu Hui , Yang Pu , Magrini Nicola , Zeng Mei 
Published: March 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant clinical problem in pediatric practice in China. Surveillance of antibiotic use is one of the cornerstones to assess the quality of antibiotic use and plan and assess the impact of antibiotic stewardship interventions.Methods: We carried out quarterly point prevalence surveys referring to WHO Methodology of Point Prevalence Survey in 16 Chinese general and children’s hospitals in 2019 to assess antibiotic use in pediatric inpatients based on the WHO AWaRe metrics and to detect potential problem areas. Data were retrieved via the hospital information systems on the second Monday of March, June, September and December. Antibiotic prescribing patterns were analyzed across and within diagnostic conditions and ward types according to WHO AWaRe metrics and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification.Results: A total of 22,327 hospitalized children were sampled, of which 14,757 (66.1%) were prescribed ≥1 antibiotic. Among the 3,936 sampled neonates (≤1 month), 59.2% (n = 2,331) were prescribed ≥1 antibiotic. A high percentage of combination antibiotic therapy was observed in PICUs (78.5%), pediatric medical wards (68.1%) and surgical wards (65.2%). For hospitalized children prescribed ≥1 antibiotic, the most common diagnosis on admission were lower respiratory tract infections (43.2%, n = 6,379). WHO Watch group antibiotics accounted for 70.4% of prescriptions (n = 12,915). The most prescribed antibiotic ATC classes were third-generation cephalosporins (41.9%, n = 7,679), followed by penicillins/β-lactamase inhibitors (16.1%, n = 2,962), macrolides (12.1%, n = 2,214) and carbapenems (7.7%, n = 1,331).Conclusion: Based on these data, overuse of broad-spectrum Watch group antibiotics is common in Chinese pediatric inpatients. Specific interventions in the context of the national antimicrobial stewardship framework should aim to reduce the use of Watch antibiotics and routine surveillance of antibiotic use using WHO AWaRe metrics should be implemented.
The Efficacy of Heat-Clearing (Qingre) and Detoxifying (Jiedu) Traditional Chinese Medicine Gargle for Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Zhixian , Chen Jiangfeng , Han Sunya 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) is an extremely serious complication of cancer. In China, the heat-clearing (Qingre) and detoxifying (Jiedu) traditional Chinese medicine QRJD-TCM gargle has been widely used to treat CIOM. To date, no systematic evaluation has been conducted on the clinical efficacy of QRJD-TCM gargle in treating CIOM. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of QRJD-TCM gargle in the treatment of CIOM.Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing QRJD-TCM gargle with conventional Western medicine mouthwash (CWMM) for CIOM were confirmed by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and Sinomed until October 20, 2020. Two researchers independently assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria. Excel 2010 was used in setting up a database of extracted information, and RevMan 5.3.0 was used in analyzing included trial data. The composition of the QRJD-TCM gargle was evaluated.Results: A total of 25 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that compared with CWMM, QRJD-TCM gargle can reduce the incidence of CIOM (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.18, 0.29], p &lt; 0.00001) and severity of CIOM (grade I–II: OR = 0.36, 95%CI [0.28, 0.46], p &lt; 0.00001; grade III–IV: OR = 0.15, 95%CI [0.09, 0.28], p &lt; 0.00001). In addition, QRJD-TCM gargle improved the effective rate of CIOM (OR = 15.91, 95% CI [7.93, 31.89], p &lt; 0.00001).Conclusion: QRJD-TCM gargle is effective in preventing and treating CIOM. However, more standard, double-blind, and multicenter randomized controlled studies are needed to further confirm the efficacy of QRJD-TCM gargle in the prevention and treatment of CIOM.
The Effect of Quadriceps Muscle Length on Maximum Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Evoked Contraction, Muscle Architecture, and Tendon-Aponeurosis Stiffness
Authors: Cavalcante Jonathan Galvão Tenório , Marqueti Rita de Cassia , Geremia Jeam Marcel , Sousa Neto Ivo Vieira de , Baroni Bruno Manfredini , Silbernagel Karin Gravare , Bottaro Martim , Babault Nicolas , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: March 2021

Muscle-tendon unit length plays a crucial role in quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) physiological adaptation, but the influence of hip and knee angles during QF neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is poorly investigated. We investigated the effect of muscle length on maximum electrically induced contraction (MEIC) and current efficiency. We secondarily assessed the architecture of all QF constituents and their tendon-aponeurosis complex (TAC) displacement to calculate a stiffness index. This study was a randomized, repeated measure, blinded design with a sample of twenty healthy men aged 24.0 ± 4.6. The MEIC was assessed in four different positions: supine with knee flexion of 60° (SUP60); seated with knee flexion of 60° (SIT60); supine with knee flexion of 20° (SUP20), and seated with knee flexion of 20° (SIT20). The current efficiency (MEIC/maximum tolerated current amplitude) was calculated. Ultrasonography of the QF was performed at rest and during NMES to measure pennation angle (θp) and fascicle length (Lf), and the TAC stiffness index. MEIC and current efficiency were greater for SUP60 and SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20. The vastus lateralis and medialis showed lower θp and higher Lf at SUP60 and SIT60, while for the rectus femoris, in SUP60 there were lower θp and higher Lf than in all positions. The vastus intermedius had a similar pattern to the other vastii, except for lack of difference in θp between SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20. The TAC stiffness index was greater for SUP60. We concluded that NMES generate greater torque and current efficiency at 60° of knee flexion, compared to 20°. For these knee angles, lengthening the QF at the hip did not promote significant change. Each QF constituent demonstrated muscle physiology patterns according to hip and/or knee angles, even though a greater Lf and lower θp were predominant in SUP60 and SIT60. QF TAC index stiffened in more elongated positions, which probably contributed to enhanced force transmission and slightly higher torque in SUP60. Our findings may help exercise physiologist better understand the impact of hip and knee angles on designing more rational NMES stimulation strategies.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03822221.
Examining the Post-operative Well-Being of Women Who Underwent Mammoplasty: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ranieri Jessica , Fiasca Fabiana , Guerra Federica , Perilli Enrico , Mattei Antonella , Di Giacomo Dina 
Published: March 2021

Background: Mammoplasty is the most common surgery used for breast augmentation (aesthetic plastic) and breast reconstruction (disease-related plastic) in women who have been diagnosed with and surgically treated for regional breast cancer with modified radical mastectomy. This study aims to examine the long-term effects of mammoplasty on the psychological well-being of women.Methods: Participants were 44 women aged 30–50 years (mean = 40.4 ± 5.9). They were divided into two groups based on the purpose of the breast surgery they underwent [augmentation surgery (AS) vs. reconstruction surgery (RS)] and the time that had elapsed since their surgery (≤3 vs. &gt;3 years).Results: Our findings suggest that women who underwent AS reported a decline in their psychological well-being over time. The women who had undergone AS ≤3 and &gt;3 years did not show any differences in emotional functioning, with the exception of the BREAST-Q scores on the satisfaction with breasts subscale. We examined the impact of mammoplasty on the satisfaction levels and well-being of women who had undergone RS (after MRM). They were less satisfied with their breasts than those who belonged to the AS group, confirming our hypothesis. However, this was true only among those who had undergone surgery ≤3 years earlier.Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to provide psychological support to those who have undergone breast AS and RS. Additionally, this study implies the need for personalized psychological interventions to improve the emotional adaptation process and enhance women's mental well-being.
Search for (sub)stellar Companions of Exoplanet Hosts by Exploring the Second ESA-Gaia Data Release
Authors: Michel K.-U. , Mugrauer M. 
Published: March 2021

We present the latest results of an ongoing multiplicity survey of exoplanet hosts, which was initiated at the Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory Jena, using data from the second data release of the ESA-Gaia mission. In this study the multiplicity of 289 targets was investigated, all located within a distance of about 500 pc from the Sun. In total, 41 binary, and five hierarchical triple star systems with exoplanets were detected in the course of this project, yielding a multiplicity rate of the exoplanet hosts of about 16%. A total of 61 companions (47 stars, a white dwarf, and 13 brown dwarfs) were detected around the targets, whose equidistance and common proper motion with the exoplanet hosts were proven with their precise Gaia DR2 astrometry, which also agrees with the gravitational stability of most of these systems. The detected companions exhibit masses from about 0.016 up to 1.66 M⊙ and projected separations in the range between about 52 and 9,555 au.
Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index: An Application to Rio de Janeiro-Brazil
Authors: Malta Fernanda Siqueira , Marques da Costa Eduarda 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:The concept of vulnerability has been used more frequently in several studies, in an attempt to better understand the specificities and needs of different population groups, both in environmental and socio-economical terms. The aim of this study is to identify, characterize and analyze populations in situations of socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on social, economic, environmental and public health indicators organized into a summary index – the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index.Methods:The methodology integrated 15 indicators in a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis into a Geographic Information System.Results:According to our results, socio-environmental vulnerability in Rio de Janeiro is aggravated by at-risk situations and environmental degradation. These aspects are jeopardized by the population density in slum areas, where the most disadvantaged groups live in a process of environmental and urban exclusion.Conclusion:The study concludes about the importance of these tools in guiding resource allocation and their contribution to formulating and implementing more effective public policies.
Transnational families as seen thought the prism of the experiences of children growing up in them
Authors: Nosek-Kozłowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Economic migrations are a phenomenon that extends to many Polish families, causing changes in their structure and functioning. The effects of migration that affect the lives of children and young people brought up in transnational families seem to be particularly important.
Children from transnational families have specific family experiences because they are related to the economic migration of one of the parents, which is associated with his longer absence. The motives for the trip, time of separation, and everyday life in each transnational family are different, therefore children from these families have various life experiences and create images of family life in various ways.
Wybaczanie i wdzięczność jako predyktory jakości relacji interpersonalnej dorosłych rodzeństw
Authors: Walęcka-Matyja Katarzyna Kamila 
Published: March 2021

Cel pracy stanowiło określenie związków między wymiarami wybaczanie i wdzięczność a jakością relacji interpersonalnej rodzeństw w okresie wczesnej dorosłości, sprawdzenie czy stanowią one predyktory relacji interpersonalnej rodzeństw oraz, czy i w jaki sposób wymiary relacji interpersonalnej rodzeństw łączą się z motywami wybaczania.
Uczestnikami badań było 200 osób, znajdujących się w okresie wczesnej dorosłości (M=24; SD=3,27), posiadających dorosłe rodzeństwo. Badania przeprowadzono w Polsce.
Zastosowano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz Relacji Dorosłego Rodzeństwa (Walęcka-Matyja, 2014), Skalę Wybaczania (Charzyńska, Heszen, 2013), Kwestionariusz Powodów Przebaczania (Noworol, 2016), Kwestionariusz Gratitude Questionnaire (Kossakowska, Kwiatek, 2014) oraz ankietę.
Rezultaty badań wskazały na występowanie dodatniego związku między wdzięcznością a wymiarem relacji z rodzeństwem określanym jako Ciepło. Zmienna wybaczanie nie łączyła się w sposób istotny statystycznie z wymiarami relacji interpersonalnej dorosłych rodzeństw. Odnotowano występowanie istotnych, przebiegających w oczekiwanym kierunku związków między wymiarem relacji interpersonalnej rodzeństw Ciepło i powodami wybaczania. Predyktorem czynnika Ciepło w relacji dorosłych rodzeństw okazała się zmienna wdzięczność. Zmienna wybaczanie nie objaśniała żadnego z wymiarów z relacji interpersonalnej rodzeństw.
Postawy rodzicielskie a wypalenie rodzicielskie. Mediacyjna rola aleksytymii, depresji i podejmowanych strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem
Authors: Sikora Joanna 
Published: March 2021

Cel: Celem badania była analiza związku między wypaleniem rodzicielskim a postawami rodzicielskimi z uwzględnieniem mediacyjnej roli aleksytymii, depresji oraz podejmowanych strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem. Postawy rodzicielskie określone na wymiarach: akceptacja, autonomia, wymagania i niekonsekwencja mają związek z poziomem wypalenia rodzicielskiego wobec własnych dzieci. Przyjęto, iż ważnym czynnikiem sprzyjającym jest aleksytymia, depresja oraz styl radzenia sobie ze stresem skoncentrowany na emocjach.
Metoda: Badanie przeprowadzono z udziałem 112 rodziców (M = 39,16; SD = 5,39) posiadających dzieci w wieku od 3 do 15 lat. W celu weryfikacji hipotez badawczych użyto następujących kwestionariuszy: Kwestionariusz Wypalenia Rodzicielskiego (Parental Bournout Assessment, PBA); Kwestionariusz do pomiaru aleksytymii (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20); Kwestionariusz Retrospektywnej Oceny Postaw Rodziców (Parental Bonding Questionnaire, KPR-Roc), Skala Depresji Becka (Beck Depression Scale, BDI), Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie w Sytuacjach Stresowych (Coping Inventory for Stessful Situations, CISS).
Rezultaty: W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz statystycznych wykazano związek pomiędzy postawą rodzicielską matki a wypaleniem rodzicielskim. Ponadto stwierdzono istotną zależność aleksytymii, depresji oraz stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem z wypaleniem rodzicielskim. Czego następstwem była analiza mediacyjnego wpływu wspomnianych zmiennych na relację pomiędzy retrospektywnymi postawami rodzicielskimi ze strony matek a wypaleniem rodzicielskim. Analizę mediacji wielokrotnej wykonano przy pomocy niestandardowego makro do SPSS PROCESS (Hayes, 2018), która okazała się być istotna statystycznie dla wymagań, niekonsekwencji, a także autonomii i akceptacji ze strony Matki. Istotnymi mediatorami w każdym modelu były aleksytymia, depresja oraz styl radzenia sobie ze stresem skoncentrowany na emocjach. Podobnych zależności nie wykazano w odniesieniu do relacji z ojcem.
Konkluzje: Przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje na istnienie silnych związków między postawą rodzicielską matki a wypaleniem rodzicielskim wobec własnych dzieci. Aleksytymia, depresja i styl radzenia sobie ze stresem skoncentrowany na emocjach zwiększają ryzyko wystąpienia wypalenia rodzicielskiego.