bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18414: Malat1 Regulates the Inflammatory Response of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Michalik Katharina , John David , Chen Wei , Uchida Shizuka , Schober Andreas , Weber Christian , Boon Reinier A , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

Laminar blood flow has an anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells (ECs) and prevents local atherosclerotic lesion formation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been described to play a role in many biological processes, including epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We previously showed that the lncRNA MALAT1 is highly expressed in ECs and plays a role in angiogenesis. Since we showed that MALAT1 is induced by anti-inflammatory laminar shear stress (3.4+0.6 fold), we assessed whether MALAT1 regulates the inflammatory response of ECs. Therefore, we used several siRNAs and LNA GapmeRs to specifically silence MALAT1. We noticed that targeting different regions of MALAT1 showed opposite effects on TNFα-induced inflammatory response. Whereas 3 different siRNAs and GapmeRs directed against the 5’end enhanced the TNFα-induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM1 and ICAM1, a GapmeR directed against the 3’end reduced the inflammatory response of ECs (Fig.1).
To determine whether these effects are due to targeting of different transcript variants, we designed different PCR primers and identified a novel 1.3 kb 5’ variant of MALAT1, which was confirmed by deep sequencing. Interestingly, the two transcript variants are inversely regulated in human atherosclerotic plaques. Whereas the anti-inflammatory 1.3 kb 5’ variant was down-regulated in advanced plaques in AHA classification type 3 vs. 4 (42%+9%), the long pro-inflammatory variant was increased (158+28%).
We further characterized MALAT1 variants and showed that both are transcribed by RNA Polymerase II and are nuclear localized. RNA-IP experiments showed that the short MALAT1 variant binds to Histone H3 whereas the long MALAT1 predominantly binds to H3K27me3 suggesting that the variants exhibit different epigenetic effects.
In summary, our data identify for the first time a new 5′ variant of MALAT1, which reduced EC activation by TNFα, whereas the long MALAT1 augments the inflammatory activation of ECs.
Abstract 18698: Identification of a Novel Cardiac Progenitor Population Expressing Pw1/peg3 in the Murine Heart
Authors: Yaniz-Galende Elisa , Formicola Luigi , Mougenot Nathalie , Legrand Lise , Chen Jiqiu , Hajjar Roger J , Marazzi Giovanna , Sassoon David , Hulot Jean-Sebastien 
Published: July 2021

The myocardium responds to injury by recruiting cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to the injured tissue to promote cardiac repair. Although different classes of CPCs have been identified, their contribution in physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. PW1 gene has recently been proposed as a marker of resident adult stem and progenitor cell populations in several adult tissues. Our goal was to characterize and determine the role of PW1+ population in the heart. Here, we employ immunostaining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis in PW1-reporter mouse to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of PW1+ population in the heart. We first found that PW1+ cells are mainly located in the epicardium and myocardial interstitium of normal hearts. The average percentage of PW1+ cells, as assessed by FACS, was 1.56±1.41%. A subset of PW1+ cells also co-express other CPC markers such as Sca-1 (52±22%) or PDGFR1α (43±14%). In contrast, a very small proportion of PW1+ cells co-express c-kit (6±5%). To investigate the contribution of PW1+ cells in pathological conditions, we then performed myocardial infarction (MI) by LAD ligation in PW1-reporter mice. We found that MI resulted in a 3-fold increase in the number of PW1+ cells in infarcted mice compared with sham-operated groups, at 1 week post-MI (1.16%±0.47% in sham versus 3.43%±0.82 in MI). This population preferentially localized in the injured myocardium and border area. PW1+ cells were isolated by FACS from the whole infarcted heart from PW1-reporter mice. In vitro differentiation assays reveal that purified PW1+ cells are multipotent and can spontaneously differentiate into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Taken together, our data identify a novel PW1+ cardiac progenitor population with the potential to undergo differentiation into multiple cardiac lineages, suggesting their involvement in cardiac repair in normal and pathological conditions.
The discovery of a novel population of cardiac progenitor cells, augmented following MI and with cardiogenic potential, provides a novel target for therapeutic approaches aimed at improving cardiac regeneration.
Abstract 296: Views on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Older Australians in Care
Authors: Straney Lahn , Bray Janet , Mountjoy Rachel , Finn Judith 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Our objective was to measure the views of older Australians on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Methods and Results:
A brief explanation of CPR and a three question survey were sent to 187 Australian residential care facilities and 34 home care providers in April 2014.

A total of 2213 respondents completed the survey, including 1943 residents from 163 residential care facilities, and 275 receiving care in the home from 24 providers (71% and 49% response rate, respectively). Respondents were mostly female (67.4%), and those in residential care were more likely to be aged over 75 years than those receiving care in the home (82.6% versus 70.4%).
The majority of respondents indicated they understood what CPR is and what it means for them (Table). Over half indicated they would want CPR if required (55.1% for residents and 65.3% for those receiving home care), this was higher among younger residents (64.2% in ≤ 75 years and 53.2% in>75 years) but similar by sex.
A large proportion believed they would fully recover after receiving CPR (44.1% of residential care and 58.1% of home care residents). Of those who agreed there was a good chance they would fully recover, almost all stated they would like to receive CPR if they had an arrest (94.8% of residential care and 91.4% of home care residents). Conversely, of those that disagreed, 98.6% of residential and 96.2% of home care respondents were unsure about or disagreed to receiving CPR.

Conclusions:
The desire for CPR in this population appears to be related to their perception as to whether or not they will fully recover. Outcomes for older people who have an arrest are typically poor. Despite this, a large proportion of respondents believed they would recover to their previous health state if they were to receive CPR. These findings highlight the need for more accurate information to inform discussions about end-of-life decisions.
Abstract 26: DASH-Style Eating Pattern in Early Adolescence Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering
Authors: Moore Lynn L , Bradlee M. Loring , Singer Martha R , Daniels Stephen R 
Published: July 2021

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor clustering has its roots in childhood and the presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in younger populations has been linked with early vascular dysfunction. A
DASH-style eating pattern has been shown to reduce blood pressure and other selected cardiometabolic outcomes, primarily in adults, but its role in the development of CMR clustering during adolescence has not been studied. Data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Growth and Health Study (NGHS) will be used to evaluate the relation between early-to-mid adolescent dietary intake and CMR clustering at the end of adolescence. The NGHS began in 1987-1988 with the enrollment of 2,379 adolescent girls (with approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites), ages 9-10 years. Diet was assessed using 3-day diet records during eight of 10 years of follow up. A total of 1,369 girls had complete data on diet, all potential confounding variables, and follow-up over 10 years for all CMR factors of interest. Risk factor clustering scores were created by summing individual CMR outcomes defined as follows: waist circumference ≥88 cm, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90th percentile for age, sex and height, LDL ≥110 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, serum TG ≥110mg/dl, and HOMA-IR ≥4. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of a DASH-style pattern on the relative risk (odds ratio) of CMR clustering at the end of adolescence, defined as having ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 of the above risk factors at 18-20 years of age. The proportion of white and black girls with CMR clustering was very similar.
However, the types of risk factors differed by race with blacks being nearly twice as likely to have an increased waist size, elevated BP, or insulin resistance and white girls being much more likely to have abnormal lipid levels, particularly elevated triglyceride levels. By the end of adolescence, only 30.1% of girls had no abnormal CMR factors and 34.9% had a single risk factor; 16.6% of girls had two risk factors and 18.4% had between 3-6 prevalent risk factors. Higher intakes of fruit and non-starchy vegetables, dairy, and grains were independently associated with less CMR clustering. After adjusting for age, race, socio-economic status, height, physical activity, and television watching, girls with a DASH-style eating pattern during early-to-mid adolescence were nearly 50% less likely to have three or more CMR factors (O.R.=0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.89) by late adolescence (at 18-20 years of age). These results suggest a DASH-style eating pattern during adolescence, characterized by higher intakes of fruit, non-starchy vegetables, and dairy, may lower risk for the development of subsequent cardiometabolic disorders.
Abstract MP46: Growth Factors Are Associated With Imaging Markers of Brain Aging in Young Adults
Authors: Satizabal Claudia L , Beiser Alexa , Himali Jayandra J , Au Rhoda , Wolf Philip A , DeCarli Charles , Vasan Ramachandran , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: July 2021

Metabolic and vascular dysregulation are related to stroke, cognitive decline and dementia. Growth factor biomarkers of these processes, such as Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) have been associated with risk of neurodegeneration and stroke in middle-aged and older Framingham participants. Additionally, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and angiopoietin 2 are novel biomarkers of interest as they have been related to cardiovascular events.
As abnormal brain changes probably start years before clinical symptoms, we hypothesize that circulating growth factors are related to MRI endophenotypes of brain aging.
We included 1,877 individuals aged 46±8 years from the Framingham Study. Blood samples were collected during 2008-2011, and used to measure IGF1, VEGF, HGF, angiopoietin 2 and its receptor tyrosine kinase (TIE2). Participants underwent brain MRI examination (2009-2013) from which brain volumes and white matter hyperintensities were estimated. We related growth factor levels to brain MRI markers adjusting for age, sex, time between blood draw and MRI, and cardiovascular risk factors.
Lower IGF1, as well as higher HGF and angiopoietin 2 levels were associated with higher ventricular volumes indicative of brain shrinkage. Higher TIE2 levels were associated with lower total brain and gray matter volumes, while higher angiopoietin 2 levels were associated with lower white matter volumes. Lower IGF1 levels were also associated with reduced hippocampal volumes. Finally, higher TIE2 levels were associated with larger white matter hyperintensities.
Our results suggest that growth factors are associated with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular markers of brain aging in healthy young adults. Whereas IGF1 seems protective, higher levels of HGF, angiopoietin 2 and TIE2 were associated with greater subclinical brain injury. These associations expand our understanding of the earliest stages of brain aging. We will extend our findings by analyzing cognitive outcomes.
Abstract P059: Arterial Thickness and Stiffness are Independent Predictors of Myocardial Strain
Authors: McCoy Connie E , Khoury Philip R , Stewart Stephanie N , Longhshore Lauren E , Madsen Nicolas L , Dolan Lawrence M , Kimball Thomas R , Urbina Elaine M 
Published: July 2021

Vascular dysfunction is associated with cardiac dysfunction, a precursor of CV events (MI,CHF) in adults. We hypothesized that abnormalities in vascular structure and function are associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction as measured by cardiac strain and strain rate in young adults.
Carotid ultrasound and echocardiography were performed on 338 subjects (22.2 + 3.7 years; 38% male (M); 63% non-white (NW); 33% lean, 36% obese and 31% T2DM). CIMT was traced along the far wall of the distal CCA, bulb, and proximal ICA. Stiffness measures included carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVf), brachial distensibility (BrachD) and Peterson’s Elastic Modulus in the CCA (PEM). LV systolic function was assessed by global longitudinal (4-chamber) strain (GS) and strain rate in systole (GSRs). Anthropometry, BP, HR, fasting lipids, CRP, and glucose were collected. Correlations were calculated between vascular measures and cardiac strain. General linear models were constructed to determine if vascular measures were independent predictors of GS and GSRs. Covariates included age, sex, race, BMI z-score, MAP, group, TG, HDL, LDL, insulin, glucose, and CRP.
GS and GSRs correlated with peripheral arterial stiffness (lower BrachD, higher PEM, higher PWVf) and structure (thicker CIMT), all p<.01 (Figure). After adjusting for other risk factors, BrachD was an independent predictor of poorer GSRs: GSRs=-1.1611 -.13*BrachD + .05 (if M) + .06 (if NW) + .004*MAP - .0003*glucose + .07*Insulin. CCA IMT independently predicted both GS and GSRs: GS=-.26 + 4.6* CCA + .92 (if M) + .58*BMIZ + .56*MAP- .03*HDL + 1.06*insulin; GSRs= -1.4 + .26*CCA+ .05 (if M) + .03*BMIZ + .003*MAP - .0003*glucose + .06*Insulin. All factors were significant at p<.05 in these models.
We conclude that adverse pre-clinical vascular and cardiac findings are present in youth simultaneously and may increase risk for future CV events. Assessment of vascular structure and function may add incremental benefit in stratifying risk in young adults for future CV events.
Abstract P137: Updated Trends in CVD Risk Factors and Rurality in Appalachian Children using Surveillance, Clustered Statistical Design and GIS Capabilities
Authors: Lilly Christa , Cottrell Lesley , Fedorko Evan , Umer Amna , Neal William 
Published: July 2021

Research suggests a link between rurality and CVD risk factors; however, our previous work found that metropolitan (rather than rural) areas were associated with CVD risk factors in WV fifth grade children. Our goal is to examine developmental trends as well as updated CVD risk factors stratified by Rural-Urban Continuum Code (RUCC) classification.
Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) data include 14,226 Kindergarten, 10,784 Second grade, 80,635 Fifth grade, and 1,451 Teenage children. The clustered analytic design nested children’s results within zip code using a six-category RUCC (Figure 1), and controlling for age, gender, race, and maternal education. Least squares means are reported. Outcomes included BMI percent above ideal (BMI%) for all grades, and HDL, LDL, and SBP for fifth grade.
Developmental Trends: Kindergarten: Significant effect of RUCC on BMI%, p<0.0001, Metro (M=10.11) and Town (10.43) had higher means than Rural (6.66). Second grade: Metro (16.82) and Town (16.41) had higher means than Small Metro (12.48), Rural (10.48; p< 0.0001). Fifth grade: Metro (21.5) and Town (21.5) had higher means than Large Metro (17.78), Small Metro (17.86; p0.05).
CVD Risk Factors: Metro (49.31), Non-metro Urban (49.28), and Town (49.76) had lower HDL than Large Metro (M=52.9), Rural (52.54) and Small Metro (51.36; p<0.05). Metro (95.76) presented with higher LDL than Rural (89.11), Town (90.25), Large Metro (91.08), Small Metro (91.28) and Non-metro Urban (91.8; p<0.05). Large Metro (108.97), Metro (109.03) and Town (108.76) had higher SBP than Rural (106.95) and Small Metro (107.28; p<0.05) Results suggest that younger children from rural areas had lower BMI% than metro and town areas. This trend appears to reverse as children enter middle and high school. Examination of fifth grade CVD risks found mid-sized metro areas presented with the worst outcomes.
Abstract P370: Cardiovascular Health Metrics, Lifetime Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Disease Mortality, and Life Expectancy in Men and Women
Authors: Lee Chong 
Published: July 2021

Whether cardiovascular health metrics relates to lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic disease mortality and life expectancy in U.S. population remains less explored.
PURPOSE: We investigated the combined impact of 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics on lifetime risks of CVD and chronic disease mortality and life expectancy in US men and women at 30 years of age.

METHODS:
Lifetime risks of CVD and chronic disease mortality to 80 years of age were estimated for men and women, with death free of chronic diseases as a competing event. We followed 11,341 men and women, aged 30 to 80 years, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants completed baseline lifestyle factors and lifestyle behavior questionnaires. The 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics was defined as physically active, never smoking, a healthy diet, waist girth (<102/88 cm), untreated blood pressure (<120/80 mmHg), untreated total cholesterol (<200 mg/dL), and untreated fasting glucose (<100 mg/dL) defined by the American Heart Association Strategic Committee. They were further categorized as having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 combined cardiovascular health metrics.

RESULTS:
During an average of 13.7 years of follow-up (155,726 person-years), there were a total of 1834 chronic disease deaths (945 CVD, 579 cancer, 217 respiratory disease, 93 diabetes mellitus). The lifetime risks of chronic disease mortality (at 30 years of age) across 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 or 7 ideal health metrics were (95% CI) 46.2% (41.6, 50.7), 40.3% (36.9, 43.8), 33.1% (30, 36.1), 27.2% (23.9, 30.5), 25.8% (21, 30.5), 24.8% (16.8, 32.9), and 12.7% (1.2, 24.1), respectively. Men and women who had adopted increasing number ideal health metrics had a substantially lower lifetime risk of chronic disease mortality. The lifetime risks of CVD mortality across 7 ideal health metrics showed trends similar to chronic disease mortality. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, men and women with all 6 or 7 combined ideal health metrics had a 75% (95% CI: 51% to 88%) lower risk of chronic disease mortality and 93% (95% CI: 53% to 99%) lower risk of CVD mortality, respectively, when compared with men and women with zero ideal health metrics. Men and women with 0 compared with 6 or 7 combined ideal health metrics had a shorter life expectancy by 16 years (95% CI: 13 to 19.1 years). Approximately 63% (95% CI: 26% to 82%) of chronic disease deaths might have been avoided if men and women had maintained all 6 or 7 combined health factors and healthy lifestyle behaviors.

CONCLUSION:
Maintaining an ideal cardiovascular health metrics is associated with lower lifetime risks of CVD and chronic disease mortality in men and women.
Abstract 152: Tri-Dimentional Fusion Image of Multidetector 64-Slice-Computed Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography enables us to Evaluate Complicated Hemodynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Lesions after Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Abe Masanori , Watanabe Makoto , Fukazawa Ryuji , Ogawa Shunichi 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
An important complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) is myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction which occurs by thrombosis in coronary aneurysms and severe stenosis. The most characteristic features of coronary artery lesions (CALs) are dilation or aneurysm in acute stage and stenosis after convalescence stage. As these lesions exist singly or multiply in one coronary branch or multiple branches, coronary hemodynamics can be complicated. Ordinal methods have less potential for detection of these diseased states. Recently, Fusion imaging from coronary CT angiography (CTA) /SPECT has been thought good method for evaluation of location and severity of myocardial damages in adults. Therefore, we evaluate CALs, ischemia, and infarction after KD by Fusion imaging.

Patients and Method:
Seventeen patients (16 males and 1 female, age10 to 34 y) were subject. Eight patients had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). These tests were performed 8 to 30 years after onset of KD.

CTA are performed by 64-slice-CT (LightSpeed VCT:GE Healthcare) ,and SPECT (Infinia:GE) by Tc-tetrofosmin was performed at rest and at stress after infusing adenosine. CTA and SPECT images were fused by the software (CardIQ Fusion:GE).

Results and findings:
In all cases, we had enough good images to detect the location of CALs and the area of ischemia.

1) Fusion images showed that no patient had significant stenotic findings at the anastomosis of bypass-graft at least several years after CABG.
2) Coronary native small branches arose from giant aneurysm were occluded by thrombosis and sub-aneurysmal lesions were infracted which were not detected by ordinal method.
3) Minimum sized myocardial ischemic lesions along to the normal visual epicardial coronary artery were detected and were suspected the existence of abnormal micro-coronary circulation caused by fibrous plaque or micro-thrombosis.
4) Collateral arteries at the stenotic and/or occluded lesions with or without ischemia were clearly detected by Fusion method.

conclusion:
Fusion images can visualize morphologically and functionally complicated CALs, myocardial ischemia ,and myocardial infarction after KD.

Also, we can realize that peripheral coronary vessels are damaged with myocardial ischemia.
Abstract 78: An Incomplete Kawasaki Disease Child With Initial Presentation Of Murmur
Authors: Eun Lucy Y , Choi Yunjung , Sung Mindong , Jung Jo Won , Choi Jae Young 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Kawasaki disease(KD) is acute vasculitis in childhood. The authors report the 12-month-old girl with initial presentation of cardiac murmur who was diagnosed incomplete KD.

Case:
A 12-month-old girl with history of 3 days fever up to 38°C and upper respiratory symptoms including rhinorrhea visited a pediatric clinic. Cardiac murmur was noticed, then she was referred to Pediatric Cardiology clinic. She had loss of appetite and her growth curve showed severely underweight of 8.4kg(less than 3p) compared to height 78cm(50~75p).

On hospital day 1, laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell (WBC) 9.4(seg73%, Lym23%)x 103/uL, hemoglobin concentration(Hb) of 5.5 g/dL with hematocrit(Hct) 21%, platelet count 426,000/uL. And laboratory results included ESR 2mm/hr, C-reactive protein 0.05mg/L, AST/ALT 31/19 IU/L, Ferritine 13 ng/mL, TIBC 510ug/dL, Transferrin Saturation Index 2.5% and MCV 50.4fL, MCH 13.4pg, MCHC 26.5g/dL. She had grade II-III/VI end-systolic & early diastolic murmur. The echocardiography showed left main coronary artery dilatation and pericaridial effusion.
Based on diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease and iron deficiency anemia, she treated with IVIG(IV gamma globulin), acetylsalicyclic acid, packed RBC transfusion and supplement of oral iron. On hospital day 2, repeat laboratory studies revelaed Hb 6.5 g/dL, and the murmur decreased rapidly. 6 days later Hb was 9.3 g/dL. Pro-BNP was 352 pg/ml on hospital day 1 and repeat studies revealed 978 pg/ml on hospital day 2, 84pg/ml on hospital day 8.
The patient was discharged 8 days after admission(on day 11 of her illness) without fever.
After 1 month of discharge, she had gained weight to 10.5kg and laboratory study results Hb 11.0 g/dL.
And follow-up echorcardiography showed improvement of coronary arteries.
The authors report one child presenting with heart murmur under incomplete Kawasaki disease.