bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the local and remote impacts of sub‐grid physical processes on the Southeast Pacific sea surface fluxes in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 by a limited‐area parameter perturbation approach
Authors: Liu Shujun , Yang Ben , Guo Zhun , Wang Minghuai , Qian Yun , Huang Anning , Zhang Yaocun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Southeast Pacific (SEP) has distinct climate features that are governed by interactions among processes at multiple spatial scales and thus are hard to represent in climate models. This study investigates the local and remote impacts of various physical processes on surface fluxes over SEP in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 by using a limited‐area parameter perturbation approach. In this approach, physical parameters from the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) convection scheme and the turbulence parameterization scheme of Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) are perturbed in specific regions, but fixed outside. Three limited‐area perturbed parameter ensembles are performed over SEP, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), respectively, with the simulations over SEP the primary focus that can respond to both local impacts and remote impacts from ITCZ and SPCZ. Results show that most of the variability of surface radiative fluxes is explained by the local impacts of sub‐grid physical processes and those related to shallow convection are most important. By contrast, a considerable portion of the variability of the surface latent heat flux is attributed to the remote effects from ITCZ and SPCZ, which are mainly contributed by the ZM parameters that can affect the large‐scale circulation by modulating the diabatic heating related to precipitation. Both the latent heat flux and shortwave radiative flux over SEP increase with the eastern‐ITCZ precipitation due to the stronger surface wind and less clouds, respectively. Overall, our results help better understand the sources of uncertainties in the simulated SEP climate.
Creativity Landscapes: Systematic Review Spanning 70 Years of Creativity Interventions for Children
Authors: Alves‐Oliveira Patrícia , Arriaga Patrícia , Xavier Carla , Hoffman Guy , Paiva Ana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCreativity plays a central role in children’s development and well‐being, being considered a crucial skill to thrive in their personal and professional lives. Given its importance, researchers and educators highlighted the need to enhance creativity in individuals across the lifespan. However, it is crucial to understand how interventions and programs can promote creativity from an early age. The goal of this systematic review was to collect, summarize, and present evidence on research about nurturing creativity in children of elementary school age (5–13 years old), by systematically reviewing publications from 1950 to 2020, spanning 70 years of research. We additionally contributed to a classification system for characterizing creativity research by expanding on an existing coding scheme for creativity. This review resulted in the profiling of existing trainings that stimulate creativity in children. We discuss the results taking into account possible implications for practice and policymaking and future research directions in creativity research.
To err is human: Exploratory multilevel analysis of supply chain delivery delays
Authors: Awaysheh Amrou , Frohlich Markham T. , Flynn Barbara B. , Flynn Patrick J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of human errors by front‐line supply chain employees on delivery delays. We build on normal accident theory (NAT), a multilevel theory describing the relationship between a firm's latent conditions (systemic managerial, technology, and social factors) and human errors. Latent conditions can have the unintended consequence of intensifying the impact of a human error, thus, we hypothesize a moderating effect of latent conditions on the relationship between errors and delivery delays. Hypotheses are tested using archival shipment data provided by a Fortune 500 company and archival carrier violations data. A multilevel design, with 299,399 shipments (level 1) nested within 97 carriers (level 2), was tested using mixed effects regression modeling. The results indicated that both dispatcher and driver errors were related to the probability of a late delivery, and that dispatcher errors were associated with longer delays. The moderating effects of several carrier latent conditions were significant and positive, indicating that both types of errors were more strongly associated with the likelihood of late delivery and that dispatcher errors were associated with longer delays when moderated by carrier latent conditions. The results are discussed from the perspective of NAT and technology management, developing prescriptions, and suggesting opportunities for future research.
Impact of parenteral nutrition guideline implementation on growth of very low‐birth‐weight infants in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Phillips Jordan L. , Jones Kristen M. , Patel Priyanka H. , Kamdar Tanvi , Lopilato Alex C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn preterm neonates, parenteral nutrition (PN) is utilized to provide adequate energy and maintain the expected growth rate of a fetus. To optimize growth, our institution implemented comprehensive guidelines for prescribing PN. This study compared the effect of this change on growth outcomes of very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants at 28 days’ postnatal age (PNA).MethodsNeonates <1250 g who received PN for >7 days were divided into preimplementation and postimplementation cohorts based on date of birth. The primary objective was to compare the average weight velocity (g/kg/day) of neonates at 28 days’ PNA. Secondary objectives included identifying the average number of days to regain birth weight and comparing the percentage of infants above the 10th percentile for weight for age at 28 days with those at baseline.ResultsThere were 204 neonates in cohort 1 (before implementation) and 176 neonates in cohort 2 (after). No difference in weight velocity was identified (12.9 ± 5.2 vs 12.1 ± 4.9 g/kg/day; P = .177). No difference was detected in days to regain birth weight (9.2 ± 4.6 vs 9.9 ± 4.7; P = .909) or in the percentage of patients above the 10th percentile for weight for age (birth: 85.3% vs 83.5% [P = .634]; 28 days: 73% vs 64.8% [P = .082]).ConclusionNo difference was observed in the weight velocity of VLBW neonates <1250 g at birth when using the implemented guideline for PN prescription writing at our institution.
Awareness of Beers criteria and potentially inappropriate medications among physicians and pharmacists in Palestine
Authors: Abukhalil Abdallah Damin , Shaloudi Abdelrazzaq Yahia , Shamasneh Niveen Mohammad , Aljamal Asil Maher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe American Geriatric Society Beers criteria comprise a screening tool to identify potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and guide healthcare providers (HCPs) in prescribing, dispensing, and recommending appropriate medications. The extent of awareness about PIMs and geriatric medicine among HCPs needs to be assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the level of awareness regarding PIMs and Beers criteria among HCPs in Palestine.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted using a self‐administered 20‐item questionnaire involving physicians and pharmacists in Palestine. Ten clinical vignettes presenting different medical statuses in the elderly necessitating appropriate prescription advice were used to assess awareness on geriatric medication.ResultsA total of 306 participants, including 116 physicians and 190 pharmacists, participated in the study. 34.0% of the participants had poor awareness, 30.1% had average and 23.2% participants had good awareness about PIMs in the elderly. Only a small percentage of participants had very poor or very good awareness (6.9% vs. 5.9%, respectively) with no difference in the results in terms of profession. There was a significant relationship between the familiarity with Beers criteria and the level of awareness. Finally, participants perceived drug–drug interactions as a major barrier to appropriate prescribing.ConclusionThe majority of participating HCPs had a low level of awareness, and a close proportion had moderate awareness on PIMs and Beers criteria. Consequently, there is a need to increase HCP's awareness of medication use in the elderly. Continued education and training in geriatric pharmacotherapy may be valuable.
Initial Experience With a Recently Developed Lateral Wall Electrode
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Kaul Vivian F. , Perez Enrique , Wanna George B. , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo review our hearing preservation rates and speech recognition outcomes in patients undergoing cochlear implantation with a recently developed lateral wall electrode.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective case series of all patients, both pediatric and adult, undergoing cochlear implantation with the Advanced Bionics Hifocus™ SlimJ electrode between December 2017 and January 2020. Main outcomes included hearing preservation rates using several definitions, speech recognition testing primarily through Arizona Biosciences (AzBio) and Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant (CNC) testing, intra‐ and postoperative complications.ResultsSixty‐one ears underwent implantation with the new electrode. Hearing preservation rates were 13.0% to 36.0% depending on the definition used. Speech recognition testing showed significant increases from pre‐ to postoperative condition (Implant‐only AzBio: 24.1 to 48.3, P = .004, binaural AzBio: 46.1 to 65.9, P = .002, Implant‐only CNC: 9.7 to 35.1, P < .001, binaural CNC: 29.8 to 59.40, P < .001) with last speech recognition testing occurring an average of 8.8 months postoperatively. The elderly population had the worst hearing preservation rates across all definitions. Five explantations were required due to two infections and three device failures.ConclusionHearing preservation rates varied significantly depending on the definition used, but users experienced a significant improvement in speech recognition testing after implantation. More work is needed in the community to standardize the definition of residual hearing and hearing preservation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2782–2788, 2021
Cyclonic eddies modulate temporal and spatial decoupling of particulate carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Zhou Kuanbo , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Huang Jie , Xiu Peng , Sun Zhenyu , Dai Minhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMesoscale eddies may enhance nutrient injection into the photic zone and ultimately the magnitude and composition of particle export to depth. Using satellite altimetry, we identified 38 cyclonic eddies that passed in close proximity to the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series (HOT) Station ALOHA, located in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from 1993 to 2018. Particulate carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and biogenic silica (Si) export rates, measured using free floating sediment traps deployed at 150 m as part of HOT, were then associated with either the eddy core or edge based on distance to the eddy center and time of eddy evolution. Elemental fluxes varied significantly within and among individual eddies depending on season and eddy age. Spatially, biogenic Si fluxes were enhanced relative to particulate C and N fluxes at both the cores and edges, with temporally highest particulate C, N and biogenic Si fluxes occurring during the mature stage (3–8 weeks). On average, biogenic Si fluxes were 200 ± 80% (30–270% increase) higher relative to non‐eddy and during non‐bloom periods, with modest enhanced particulate C (10–30% increase) and N (10–20% increase) fluxes. In contrast, during the bloom season (July and August), elemental fluxes were all reduced by 20% relative to non‐eddy references, suggesting that cyclonic eddies depress export during the bloom period. Our results indicate that cyclonic eddies not only increase, but differentially impact the sinking export of critical biological elements, thereby contributing to long term ecological changes in foodwebs that rely on silica as well as carbon for growth.
Patterns of the fecal microbiota in the Juan Fernández fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii)
Authors: Toro‐Valdivieso Constanza , Toro Frederick , Stubbs Samuel , Castro‐Nallar Eduardo , Blacklaws Barbara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs apex predators, pinnipeds are considered to be useful bioindicators of marine and coastal environments. Endemic to a small archipelago in the South Pacific, the Juan Fernandez fur seal (JFFS) is one of the less‐studied members of the pinniped family Otariidae. This study aimed to characterize the fecal microbiome of the JFFS for the first time, to establish a baseline for future studies of host–microbial–environment interactions and monitoring programs. During two consecutive reproductive seasons, 57 fecal samples were collected from seven different JFFS colonies within the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile. Bacterial composition and abundance were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The overall microbiome composition was dominated by five phyla: Firmicutes (40% ±24), Fusobacteria (30% ±17), Bacteroidetes (22% ±10), Proteobacteria (6% ±4), and Actinobacteria (2% ±3). Alpha diversity was higher in Tierras Blancas. However, location was not found to be a dominant driver of microbial composition. Interestingly, the strongest signal in the data was a negative association between the genera Peptoclostridium and Fusobacterium, which explained 29.7% of the total microbial composition variability between samples. The genus Peptoclostridium has not been reported in other pinniped studies, and its role here is unclear, with interpretation challenging due to a lack of information regarding microbiome functionality in marine mammals. As a first insight into the JFFS fecal microbiome, these results contribute towards our understanding of the natural microbial diversity and composition in free‐ranging pinnipeds.
Changes in patterns of coercion during a nine‐year period in a Norwegian psychiatric service area
Authors: Lassemo Eva , Myklebust Lars Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is debate regarding the use of coercion in the psychiatric services and how to minimize its use. We examine changes in the use of coercion in one Norwegian psychiatric service area during a nine‐year period.MethodsAll patients receiving psychiatric services during the periods 2003–2006 and 2008–2012 in the study area were identified, subsequently also only those who had been involuntarily admitted or subjected to involuntary outpatient treatment. Yearwise rates of patients admitted to coercion and coercive treatment‐episodes throughout the study period were calculated.ResultsThe overall number and the rate of coerced patients decreased to the total patient population. Most of the reduction were initially of the observational period. However, the number of coercive episodes per coerced patient increased. The pattern of outpatient versus inpatient modes of coercion both reflected this main trend.ConclusionThe use of coercion seem to be reduced overall, although the increase in treatment‐episodes per patient may indicate a complex pattern in use and registration of coercion. The results may be related to legislative changes, restructuring of psychiatric services, or/and modified attitudes of health‐personnel to coercion following a range of efforts to reduce it.
Timing matters: Distinct effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application timing on root system architecture responses
Authors: van Duijnen Richard , Uther Hannah , Härdtle Werner , Temperton Vicky M. , Kumar Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough different plant foraging responses to the two macronutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are well researched, the effect of timing of fertilizer application on root system architecture (RSA) remains largely unknown. We, therefore, aimed to understand how RSA ofHordeum vulgareL. responds to timing of N and P application.MethodsPlants were grown in rhizoboxes for 38 days in nutrient‐poor soil and watered with nutrient solution, lacking either N or P, with the absent nutrient applied once either 2/3/4 weeks after sowing. Positive controls were continuously receiving N and P and a negative control receiving both N and P only after 3 weeks. We tracked root growth over time, measured plant biomass and nutrient uptake.ResultsLate N application strongly reduced total root biomass and visible root length compared with continuous NP and late P application. Root mass fractions (total root biomass/total plant biomass) remained similar over all treatments, but relative allocation (% of total root biomass) was higher in lower depth with late N application. Shoot P concentrations remained relatively stable, but the plants receiving P later had higher N concentrations.ConclusionsLate N application had overall more negative effects on early plant growth compared with late P. We propose that future studies under field conditions should try to disentangle the effect of timing from the nutrient availability on RSA responses and hence ultimately plant performance.
Risk factors for first nonscheduled hospital admissions of pediatric patients on home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Özcan Gizem , Zirek Fazılcan , Tekin Merve Nur , Bakirarar Batuhan , Çobanoğlu Nazan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe number of children on home mechanical ventilation (HMV) has increased. Understanding the reasons for nonscheduled hospital admissions during HMV is critical. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of first nonscheduled hospital admissions of pediatric patients on HMV.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients on HMV between May 1, 2014 and October 1, 2020 was performed. Patients' demographic characteristics, duration of the education of the primary caregiver; time of first nonscheduled visit; and type of HMV (noninvasive mechanical ventilation [NIV] or invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]) were analyzed. The reasons for first nonscheduled hospital visits were categorized as respiratory problems and other reasons.ResultsOf 97 patients, 41 were female (42.3%), and 70 (72%) were on IMV. The median age was 23 months (IQR, 10–91). Twenty‐nine patients (30%), were admitted to hospital before scheduled visit with a mean duration of 18.1 ± 11.6 days; of them, 14 (48.2%) admitted because of respiratory problems. IMV increases the risk of first nonscheduled visit compared to NIV (OR, 16.3; 95% CI, 2.1–127.4; p = .008). If a caregiver spends less than 14 days in hospital for education, risk of nonscheduled visits increases (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.5–11.2; p = .007).ConclusionA minimum 14 days seems to be necessary for education of the caregivers of the patients with HMV to reduce the number of nonscheduled visits, which is a burden for both patients and healthcare system.
Differential expression of estrogen receptor subtypes in ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Osaku Daiken , Oishi Tetsuro , Kawamura Naoshi , Iida Yuki , Komatsu Hiroaki , Kudoh Akiko , Chikumi Jun , Sato Shinya , Harada Tasuku 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary and evaluate ERs as prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer.MethodsThis study included 79 patients with HGSC (n = 38) or CCC (n = 41) treated at our institution between 2005 and 2014. Immunohistochemistry examined protein expression of ERα, ERβ, and G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor‐1 (GPER‐1); relationships between ERα, ERβ, and GPER‐1 with patient survival were evaluated. Additionally, cell proliferation assay and phosphokinase proteome profiling were performed.ResultsIn HGSC patients, expression of ERα, cytoplasmic GPER‐1, or nuclear GPER‐1 was associated with poor progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = .041, P = .010, or P = .013, respectively). Cytoplasmic GPER‐1 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in HGSC patients (HR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.03‐9.16, P = .007). ER expressions were not associated with prognosis in CCC patients. GPER‐1 knockdown by siRNA reduced the cells number to 60% of siRNA‐control‐treated cells (P < .05), and GPER‐1 antagonist, G‐15 inhibited two HGSC cell lines proliferation (KF and UWB1.289) in a dose‐dependent manner. Phosphoprotein array revealed that GPER‐1 silencing decreased relative phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3.ConclusionsHigh GPER‐1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for PFS in HGSC patients, and GPER‐1 may play a role in HGSC cell proliferation.
Probabilistic performance validation of deep learning‐based robust NMPC controllers
Authors: Karg Benjamin , Alamo Teodoro , Lucia Sergio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolving nonlinear model predictive control problems in real time is still an important challenge despite of recent advances in computing hardware, optimization algorithms and tailored implementations. This challenge is even greater when uncertainty is present due to disturbances, unknown parameters or measurement and estimation errors. To enable the application of advanced control schemes to fast systems and on low‐cost embedded hardware, we propose to approximate a robust nonlinear model controller using deep learning and to verify its quality using probabilistic validation techniques. We propose a probabilistic validation technique based on finite families, combined with the idea of generalized maximum and constraint backoff to enable statistically valid conclusions related to general performance indicators. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated with simulation results of an uncertain nonlinear system.
Examining the effect of early STEM experiences as a form of STEM capital and identity capital on STEM identity: A gender study
Authors: Cohen Susie M. , Hazari Zahra , Mahadeo Jonathan , Sonnert Gerhard , Sadler Philip M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is well known that women are underrepresented in science. technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) and that their interest declines more steeply over the schooling years. As such, this study uses a STEM identity theoretical framework to examine the effects of early STEM experiences, focusing particularly on experiences that may be more formative for female students. Given that early experiences are a form of capital, the study is also guided by nuanced perspectives on STEM capital and STEM identity capital. The data used were drawn from surveys administered to 15,725 college students. Blocked regression models were utilized and the results indicated a significant effect on STEM identity for students who reported encouragement in STEM from elementary school teachers, using STEM toys/kits, watching STEM‐related TV programs or movies, playing STEM computer/video games, and observing or studying stars and other astronomical objects. Negative experiences included baking/cooking/kitchen chemistry and writing about STEM. To examine which of these experiences had long‐lasting impact in the face of intervening experiences in middle/high school, controls were provided for middle/high school STEM interest. This indicated early experiences that translated to STEM identity capital in the future. Only observing stars became nonsignificant, while the other early experiences likely contributed to STEM identity capital. The findings highlight early experiences that can be formative for STEM identity years later (i.e., STEM identity capital) despite intervening years of changing STEM interest. As such, the results provide both practical and theoretical insight into understanding the development and maintenance of STEM identity.