bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated zone picking and vehicle routing operations with restricted intermediate storage
Authors: Ostermeier Manuel , Holzapfel Andreas , Kuhn Heinrich , Schubert Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe competitiveness of a retailer is highly dependent on an efficient distribution system. This is especially true for the supply of stores from distribution centers. Stores ask for high flexibility when it comes to their supply. This means that fast order processing is essential. Order processing affects different subsystems at the distribution center: orders are picked in multiple picking zones, transferred to intermediate storage, and delivered via dedicated tours. These processing steps are highly interdependent. The schedule for picking needs to be synchronized with the routing decisions to ensure availability of orders at the DC’s loading docks when their associated tours are scheduled. Concurrently, intermediate storage represents a bottleneck as capacity for order storage is limited. The simultaneous planning of picking and routing operations with restricted intermediate storage is therefore relevant for retail practice but has not so far been considered within an integrated planning approach. Our work addresses this task and discusses an integrated zone picking and vehicle routing problem with restricted intermediate storage. We present a comprehensive model formulation and introduce a general variable neighborhood search for simultaneous consideration of the given planning stages. We also present two alternative sequential approaches that are motivated by the prevailing planning situation in industry. Numerical experiments and a case study show the need for an integrated planning approach to obtain practicable results. Further, we identify the impact of the main problem characteristics on overall planning and provide valuable insights for the application of these findings in industry.
Theoretical investigation of applicability and limitations of advanced noise reduction methods for wavelength modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Röder Lenard L. , Fischer Horst 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the applicability and limitations of several statistical and mathematical methods for noise reduction in wavelength modulation spectroscopy are analyzed. Background noise is simulated for different frequencies and frequency confinement. The noise is added to an absorption line of varying amplitude. The noise reduction methods (NRMs) are applied to the simulated signals and their performances are analyzed and compared. All NRMs show great increase in signal to noise ratio (SNR) while keeping bias low under certain conditions of the simulated signal. For each NRM the subspace of best performance is summarized and highlighted. Little to no overlap is found between these subspaces. Therefore, the optimal NRM strongly depends on measurement conditions and NRM quality cannot be compared in a general context.
Forced and mixed convection experiments in a confined vertical backward facing step at low-Prandtl number
Authors: Schaub Thomas , Arbeiter Frederik , Hering Wolfgang , Stieglitz Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present experimental results for a non-isothermal vertical confined backward facing step conducted with a low-Prandtl number fluid. The eutectic alloy gallium–indium–tin is used as the working fluid. We conducted experiments for different Reynolds and Richardson numbers covering both forced and mixed convection regimes. Time-averaged velocity profiles were measured at six streamwise positions along the test section center-plane with so-called permanent magnet probes. The local Nusselt number was measured in streamwise and spanwise directions along the heating plate mounted right after the step. We further ran RANS simulations of the experiment to study the qualitative influence of assuming a constant specific heat flux thermal boundary condition for the experiment heating plate. The measured velocity profiles show the expected behavior for both studied convection regimes, while the measured streamwise local Nusselt number profiles do not. This is explained by how the heating plate thermal boundary condition is defined. We performed an order of magnitude estimate to estimate the forced- to mixed convection transition onset. The estimate shows good agreement with the experimental data, although further measurements are needed to further validate the estimated transition threshold. The measurement of fluctuating quantities remains an open task to be addressed in future experiments, since the permanent magnet probe measurement equation needs further adjustments.

Graphical Abstract
Does a prior hysterectomy complicate transvaginal/transumbilical hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy?—a comparative analysis of prospectively collected data
Authors: Bulian Dirk R. , Sauerwald Axel , Thomaidis Panagiotis , Seefeldt Claudia S. , Richards Dana C. , Schulz Sissy-A. , Weltermann Niklas J. , Heiss Markus M. , Eisenberger Claus F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHysterectomy alters the anatomy of the posterior vaginal vault used as access for transvaginal/transumbilical hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy (NC), creating potential consequences for the feasibility and complication rate of the procedure. Therefore, the aim of our retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was to analyze the postoperative course after NC in previously hysterectomized (PH) patients compared with patients who had not undergone hysterectomy (NH).MethodsA total of 126 NH patients and 50 PH patients aged over 42 who had an NC from 12/2008 to 04/2021 were compared regarding age, body mass index (BMI), ASA classification, number of percutaneous trocars, need for intraoperative urinary bladder catheterization, length of procedure, conversion rate, and intraoperative and postoperative complication rate according to the Clavien/Dindo classification, Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), mortality, and hospital length of stay.ResultsPH patients were older than NH patients (63.0 vs 51.5 years;P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly in ASA classification (P = 0.595) and BMI (26.8 vs 27.9 kg/m2;P = 0.480). They required more percutaneous trocars (P = 0.047) and longer procedure time (66.0 vs. 58.5 min;P = 0.039). Out of all 287 scheduled NC only one had to be “converted” to traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates, Clavien/Dindo classification, CCI, need for intraoperative urinary bladder catheterization, and length of stay did not differ significantly.ConclusionOur results indicate an increased degree of difficulty of NC in PH patients, although there is no major impact on intraoperative and postoperative complication rates. Urinary bladder perforation is a specific access-related complication in PH patients.
Spatio-temporal analysis of the extent of an extreme heat event
Authors: Cebrián Ana C. , Asín Jesús , Gelfand Alan E. , Schliep Erin M. , Castillo-Mateo Jorge , Beamonte María A. , Abaurrea Jesús 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence of global warming induced from the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere suggests more frequent warm days and heat waves. The concept of an extreme heat event (EHE), defined locally based on exceedance of a suitable local threshold, enables us to capture the notion of a period of persistent extremely high temperatures. Modeling for extreme heat events is customarily implemented using time series of temperatures collected at a set of locations. Since spatial dependence is anticipated in the occurrence of EHE’s, a joint model for the time series, incorporating spatial dependence is needed. Recent work by Schliep et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 184(3):1070–1092, 2021) develops a space-time model based on a point-referenced collection of temperature time series that enables the prediction of both the incidence and characteristics of EHE’s occurring at any location in a study region. The contribution here is to introduce a formal definition of the notion of the spatial extent of an extreme heat event and then to employ output from the Schliep et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 184(3):1070–1092, 2021) modeling work to illustrate the notion. For a specified region and a given day, the definition takes the form of a block average of indicator functions over the region. Our risk assessment examines extents for the Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón in northeastern Spain. We calculate daily, seasonal and decadal averages of the extents for two subregions in this comunidad. We generalize our definition to capture extents of persistence of extreme heat and make comparisons across decades to reveal evidence of increasing extent over time.
Collecting Digital Evidence from Online Sources: Deficiencies in Current Polish Criminal Law
Authors: Lewulis Piotr 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe importance of digital evidence, especially online content, is continuously increasing due to the proliferation of digital technologies in socio-economic life. However, the legal means of criminal evidence gathering in Polish legislation remain unchanged and do not take into account some contemporary challenges. In various countries, traditional rules of evidence gathering were created in the context of a physical world. These rules may be insufficient to safeguard the forensic soundness of evidence gathering methods. Inadequacies of current procedures may be especially visible in the context of transborder digital evidence gathering from online open sources. This article describes the practical shortcomings of Polish criminal evidence law in the context of digital evidence with particular attention to online open-source materials. Empirical data indicate that existing legal limitations are bypassed in practice to enable evidence collection. This unfortunately often happens at the expense of the forensic soundness of digital evidence.
Rotation of the Stress Tensor in a Westerly Granite Sample During the Triaxial Compression Test
Authors: Cielesta Szymon , Orlecka-Sikora Beata , Idris Musa Adebayo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe simulated the spatiotemporal modelling of 3D stress and strain distributions during the triaxial compression laboratory test on a westerly granite sample using finite-difference numerical modelling implemented with FLAC3D software. The modelling was performed using a ubiquitous joint constitutive law with strain softening. The applied procedure is capable of reproducing the macroscopic stress and strain evolution in the sample during triaxial deformation until a failure process occurs. In addition, we calculated focal mechanisms of acoustic emission (AE) events and resolved local stress field orientations. This detailed stress information was compared with that from numerical modelling. The comparison was made based on the 3D rotation angle between the cardinal axes of the two stress tensors. To infer the differences in rotation, we applied ANOVA. We identified the two time levels as the plastic deformation phase and the after-failure phase. Additionally, we introduced the bin factor, which describes the location of the rotation scores in the rock sample. The p values of the test statistics F for the bin and phase effects are statistically significant. However, the interaction between them is insignificant. We can, therefore, conclude that there was a significant difference in the time between the rotation means in the particular bins, and we ran post hoc tests to obtain more information where the differences between the groups lie. The largest rotation of the stress field provided by the focal mechanisms of AE events from the numerically calculated stress field is observed in the edge bins, which do not frame the damage zone of the sample.
Resilient Social Actors in the Transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age on Cyprus
Authors: Meyer Nathan , Knapp A. Bernard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the earliest Iron Age on Cyprus has long remained somewhat obscure. This is the result of both a relative lack of material evidence and the fact that scholarly attention has focused more on the preceding Late Bronze Age and on the subsequent Cypro-Archaic period. As more, and more varied, data have accumulated, there have been calls for a more theoretically informed approach to considering the social changes involved, and even for prehistorians to extend their work into the Cypriot Iron Age. As a response to this, the present study considers a broad range of material and documentary evidence, attempts to reconstruct the political economy, and offers an interpretative framework based on social understandings of Complex Adaptive Systems theory. Using this approach, the authors conclude that, while the enduring realities of Cyprus—its geography, copper resources and long tradition of agropastoralism—continued to shape Cypriot culture, the Iron Age is not simply a continuation of its Bronze Age sociopolitical forms. We argue instead that the earliest Iron Age involved social actors negotiating new politico-economic agendas in response to changing conditions in the Iron Age eastern Mediterranean.
Ground Validation Experiment and Spectral Detection Capability Evaluation of Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS) Aboard HX-1 Orbiter
Authors: Liu Bin , Ren Xin , Liu Dawei , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Qing , Huang Hai , Xu Rui , Wang Rong , Liu Chengyu , He Zhiping , Li Chunlai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a hyperspectral imager aboard the orbiter “HX-1” of China’s first Mars mission, the Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS) is designed with hyperspectral and multispectral operation modes to survey the mineral types and their distribution on the surface of Mars, and to study the overall chemical composition and evolution history of Mars. The multispectral modes of MMS are different from hyperspectral modes on the bands selection, spatial and spectral resolution, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) etc. So the spectral detection capability of each mode of MMS is also different. The ground validation experiment of MMS is conducted to evaluate the hyperspectral and multispectral data quality and detection capabilities. The main conclusions include: (1) The measured hyperspectra of typical mineral samples obtained by MMS agree well with the data acquired by the Standard Comparison Spectrometers (SCS) under the same measurement conditions, and the spectral uncertainty between MMS and SCS is less than 7% in the key spectral ranges ($0.7\sim2.2~\upmu \text{m}$
0.7
∼
2.2

μm
). For some typical minerals, the absorption band positions deviation between MMS and SCS are within $0.69\sim14.86~\text{nm}$
0.69
∼
14.86

nm
, which are within the spectral resolution limits of MMS. (2) The six sets of band combinations designed for MMS multispectral modes are slightly superior to CRISM’s multispectral mode in terms of spectral resolutions and bands selection, the water-containing minerals will be more accurately distinguished and identified, such as montmorillonite and kaolinite. Besides, the SNR of each multispectral mode is greater than 400 in the 500–2600 nm spectral range, which meets the requirements for the subtle spectral characteristics of water-containing minerals. (3) Benefiting from the MMS ground validation experiment and the experience of the OMEGA and CRISM, it is recommended that MMS first adopt the spatial continuous 52-sample or 104-sample (spatial resolution is about $0.53\sim1.06~\text{km}$
0.53
∼
1.06

km
) multispectral operation mode for typical minerals global mapping and finding target areas of interest. Then the 208-sample multispectral mode (spatial resolution is about $\sim265~\text{m}$
∼
265

m
) or 26-sample hyperspectral mode can be used to survey target areas of interest for the subtle mineral types characteristics and distribution. At last, 26-sample hyperspectral mode could be used to monitor the atmospheric composition of Mars by limb observations.
Advanced virtual prototyping for cyber-physical systems using RISC-V: implementation, verification and challenges
Authors: Herdt Vladimir , Drechsler Rolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVirtual prototypes (VPs) are crucial in today’s design flow. VPs are predominantly created in SystemC transaction-level modeling (TLM) and are leveraged for early software development and other system-level use cases. Recently, virtual prototyping has been introduced for the emerging RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) and become an important piece of the growing RISC-V ecosystem. In this paper, we present enhanced virtual prototyping solutions tailored for RISC-V. The foundation is an advanced open source RISC-V VP implemented in SystemC TLM and designed as a configurable and extensible platform. It scales from small bare-metal systems to large multi-core systems that run applications on top of the Linux operating system. Based on the RISC-V VP, this paper also discusses advanced VP-based verification approaches and open challenges. In combination, we provide for the first time an integrated and unified overview and perspective on advanced virtual prototyping for RISC-V.
Five weeks of intermittent transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation shape neural networks: a machine learning approach
Authors: Obst Martina. A. , Al-Zubaidi Arkan , Heldmann Marcus , Nolde Janis Marc , Blümel Nick , Kannenberg Swantje , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasive and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation [(t)-VNS] have been used to treat epilepsy, depression and migraine and has also shown effects on metabolism and body weight. To what extent this treatment shapes neural networks and how such network changes might be related to treatment effects is currently unclear. Using a pre-post mixed study design, we applied either a tVNS or sham stimulation (5 h/week) in 34 overweight male participants in the context of a study designed to assess effects of tVNS on body weight and metabolic and cognitive parameters resting state (rs) fMRI was measured about 12 h after the last stimulation period. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was applied to fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) on established rs-networks. All classification results were controlled for random effects and overfitting. Finally, we calculated multiple regressions between the classification results and reported food craving. We found a classification accuracy (CA) of 79 % in a subset of four brainstem regions suggesting that tVNS leads to lasting changes in brain networks. Five of eight salience network regions yielded 76,5 % CA. Our study shows tVNS’ post-stimulation effects on fALFF in the salience rs-network. More detailed investigations of this effect and their relationship with food intake seem reasonable for future studies.
Trends in Mortality after Intensive Care of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Finland in 2003–2019: A Finnish Intensive Care Consortium study
Authors: Virta Jyri J. , Skrifvars Markus , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Laitio Ruut , Hoppu Sanna , Ala-Kokko Tero , Siironen Jari , Raj Rahul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggest that case mortality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has decreased during the last decades, but most studies have been unable to assess case severities among individual patients. We aimed to assess changes in severity-adjusted aSAH mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, register-based study by using the prospectively collected Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database. Four out of five ICUs providing neurosurgical and neurointensive care in Finland participated in the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium. We extracted data on adult patients admitted to Finnish ICUs with aSAH between 2003 and 2019. The primary outcome was 12-month mortality during three periods: 2003–2008, 2009–2014, and 2015–2019. Using a multivariable logistic regression model—with variables including age, sex, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade, preadmission dependency, significant comorbidities, and modified Simplified Acute Physiology Score II—we analyzed whether admission period was independently associated with mortality.

Results
A total of 1,847 patients were included in the study. For the periods 2003–2008 and 2015–2019, the mean number of patients with aSAH admitted per year increased from 81 to 123. At the same time, the patients’ median age increased from 55 to 58 years (p = 0.001), and the proportion of patients with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades I–III increased from 42 to 58% (p < 0.001). The unadjusted 12-month mortality declined from 30% in 2003–2008 to 23% in 2015–2019 (p = 0.001), but there was no statistically significant change in severity-adjusted mortality.

Conclusions
Between 2003 and 2019, patients with aSAH admitted to ICUs became older and the proportion of less severe cases increased. Unadjusted mortality decreased but age and case severity adjusted–mortality remained unchanged.
The effect of gravity drainage mechanism on oil recovery by reservoir simulation; a case study in an Iranian highly fractured reservoir
Authors: Zobeidi K. , Mohammad-Shafie M. , Ganjeh-Ghazvini M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA comprehensive reservoir simulation study was performed on an oil field that had a wide fracture network and could be considered a typical example of highly fractured reservoirs in Iran. This field is located in southwest of Iran in Zagros sedimentary basin among several neighborhood fields with relatively considerable fractured networks. In this reservoir, the pressure drops below the saturation pressure and causes the formation of a secondary gas cap. This can help to better assess the gravity drainage phenomenon. We decided to investigate and track the effect of gravity drainage mechanism on the recovery factor of oil production in this field. In this study, after/before the implementation of gas injection scenarios with different discharges, the contribution of gravity drainage mechanism to the recovery factor was found more than 50%. Considering that a relatively large number of studies have been conducted on this field simultaneously with the growth of information from different aspects and this study is the last and most comprehensive study and also the results are extracted from real field data using existing reservoir simulators, it is of special importance and can be used by researchers.