bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oxylipin messenger 1‐octen‐3‐ol induced rapid responses in kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Zhang Jian , Wang Yitao , Xu Dong , Fan Xiao , Zhang Yan , Ma Jian , Ye Naihao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxylipins are important oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids that regulate a variety of plant physiological and pathological processes in response to specific external challenges. A large body of evidence has indicated that algae can also produce a surprisingly diverse array of volatile oxylipins, yet little is known about the roles of volatile oxylipins as defense signals in macroalgae. In this study, the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera was treated by the oxylipin messenger 1‐octen‐3‐ol and then a genome‐wide gene expression profile and fatty acid spectrum analysis were performed. We found that M. pyrifera responded rapidly to the exposure of the oxylipin messenger 1‐octen‐3‐ol. It regulated the expression levels of genes mainly involved in signal transduction, lipid metabolism, oxidation prevention, cell wall synthesis, photosynthesis, and development. Moreover, 1‐octen‐3‐ol treatments decreased several types of total fatty acid contents and increased free fatty acid contents, especially for the C18 and C20 fatty acids. In addition, it decreased the content of indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin and increased the gibberellic acid content. Our findings demonstrated that 1‐octen‐3‐ol is an available inducer for M. pyrifera, which is capable of rapidly upregulating kelp's defense response.
Delete or Not: A Game‐Theoretical Model for Soft Censorship of Rumor
Authors: Li Lifang , Zhang Qingpeng , Zhuang Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRumor censorship of social media platforms has become an important issue in the academia and in practice. However, most studies focus on the complete rumor censorship behavior rather than the soft censorship behavior of (social media) platforms. To characterize soft censorship behavior, we conduct analytical, numerical, and experimental analyses using game theory to determine the specific strategies of platforms and rumormongers. Given that (1) the censorship behavior of platforms is costly and (2) platforms have a limited accuracy rate to identify rumors correctly, the platform may identify rumors as true information or identify true information as rumors; moreover, (3) rumormongers decide whether to publish rumors or not to avoid been deleted by the platforms. We found that (1) if deleting true information mistakenly has benefits rather than cost (the platform may cost less by not improving their rumor identification algorithms if the public pays less attention to the freedom of their speech), then platforms are more likely to censor rumormongers and delete the information they published; (2) if deleting true information is costly, then platforms become more cautious about their deleting behavior. This study explains why censoring is accepted by the public in some countries but is highly questionable in others. Using these findings can help platforms understand the rumor publishing behavior of rumormongers and make decisions based on certain situations.
A Yardstick for Danger: Developing a Flexible and Sensitive Measure of Risk Perception
Authors: Walpole Hugh D. , Wilson Robyn S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile individual perceptions of risk are central to many behavioral theories of hazard response and are of considerable interest in both conceptual and applied work surrounding risk, hazards, and decision making, there is currently no consensus on how perceived risk should best be measured. Several recent efforts have laid the groundwork for a conceptual model outlining four key factors that make up risk perception: exposure, susceptibility, severity, and affective response. In this article, we use an extensive scale‐development process to develop empirically supported 3–4 item subscales to measure each of those four dimensions. Using cognitive interviewing techniques and several quantitative psychometric methods including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and item‐response theory analyses, we reduce a large set of potential items to the highest‐quality items to assess each subscale. These subscales can be used to make comparisons across perceived risk in different hazard contexts and populations.
On Ambiguity Reduction and the Role of Decision Analysis during the Pandemic
Authors: Rode David C. , Fischbeck Paul S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created a multitude of decision problems for a variety of fields. Questions from the seriousness and breadth of the problem to the effectiveness of proposed mitigation measures have been raised. We assert that the decision sciences have a crucial role to play here, as the questions requiring answers involve complex decision making under both uncertainty and ambiguity. The collection, processing, and analysis of data is critical in providing a useful response—especially as information of fundamental importance to such decision making (base rates and transmission rates) is lacking. We propose that scarce testing resources should be diverted away from confirmatory analysis of symptomatic people, as laboratory diagnosis appears to have little decision value in treatment choice over clinical diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms. In contrast, the exploratory use of testing resources to reduce ambiguity in estimates of the base rate of infection appears to have significant value and great practical import for public policy purposes. As these stances may be at odds with triage practices among medical practitioners, they highlight the important role the decision analyst can play in responding to the challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Routine online assessment of dialysis dose: Ionic dialysance or UV‐absorbance monitoring?
Authors: Petitclerc Thierry , Ridel Christophe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor three‐weekly hemodialysis, a single‐pool Kt/V target of at least 1.4 together with a minimal dialysis dose Kt at 45 L for men and 40 L for women per each session is currently recommended. Fully automatic online calculation of Kt and Kt/V from conductivity or UV‐absorbance measurements in the dialysate is standardly implemented on some hemodialysis monitors and makes it possible to estimate the dialysis dose without the need for blood or dialysate samples. Monitoring the UV‐absorbance of the spent dialysate is the most direct method for estimating Kt/V as it does not require an estimate of V. Calculation of ionic dialysance from conductivity measurements is the most direct method for estimating Kt and BSA‐scaled dialysis dose. Both ionic dialysance monitoring and UV‐absorbance monitoring may help detect a change in urea clearance occurring during the session, but this change must be interpreted differently depending on the monitoring being considered. An abrupt decrease in urea clearance results in a decrease in ionic dialysance but, paradoxically, a sudden increase in estimated urea clearance provided by dialysate UV‐absorbance monitoring. Healthcare teams who monitor both ionic dialysance and UV‐absorbance in their hemodialysis units must be clearly informed of this difficulty.
Heart rate‐based indices to detect parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Manresa‐Rocamora Agustín , Flatt Andrew A. , Casanova‐Lizón Antonio , Ballester‐Ferrer Juan A. , Sarabia José M. , Vera‐Garcia Francisco J. , Moya‐Ramón Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Investigations into the sensitivity of heart rate‐(HR) derived indices for tracking parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) changes in functionally overreached (F‐OR) endurance‐trained athletes have produced equivocal findings. Lack of clarity may be a result of methodological inconsistencies. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review and meta‐analysis were (a) to determine the sensitivity of resting and post‐exercise vagal‐related HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery (HRR) indices to detect PNS modulation in F‐OR and non‐overreached (non‐OR) athletes, and (b) to investigate the influence of methodological factors on the sensitivity of HR‐based indices to detect PNS hyperactivity in F‐OR athletes. We searched CENTRAL, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to May 2020 for the following terms: male and female endurance‐trained athletes, controlled and uncontrolled studies that carried out an overload training period, and PNS modulation measured in resting and post‐exercise, pre‐ and post‐overload training period. A random‐effects model of standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated for each outcome measure based on the training‐induced fatigue status (F‐OR vs non‐OR athletes), and the influence of methodological issues to detect PNS hyperactivity in F‐OR was assessed by subgroup analyses. Pooled analysis showed that resting vagal‐related HRV indices did not detect PNS hyperactivity in F‐OR athletes (SMD+ = −0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.51, 0.50), and no statistical difference (P = .600) was found with non‐OR athletes (SMD+ = 0.15; 95% CI = −0.14, 0.45). However, subgroup analysis based on HRV parameter showed a moderate statistical increase in weekly averaged HRV in F‐OR athletes (SMD+ = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.35, 1.26), while isolated HRV values did not reach statistical significance (SMD+ = −0.45; 95% CI = −0.96, 0.06). We observed a moderate and statistically significant increase in HRR indices among F‐OR athletes (SMD+ = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.87), no changes for non‐OR athletes (SMD+ = 0.10; 95% CI = −0.15, 0.34), and statistically significant differences between F‐OR and non‐OR athletes (P < .001). Insufficient data prevented meta‐analysis for post‐exercise vagal‐related HRV indices. Our findings show that when methodological factors are considered, HR‐based indices are sensitive to increased PNS modulation in F‐OR.
Judging the recipients of social actions
Authors: Thorn Jessy , May Kaitlyn E. , Marble Kimberly E. , Boseovski Janet J. , Scofield Jason 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is substantial research on children's evaluations of transgressors, but less is known about the extent to which children view actions toward recipients as indicative of a recipient's personality or deserved outcomes. We examined the extent to which 3‐ to 5 year olds, relative to an adult comparison group, judged the recipients of negative behavior as bad people who deserve punishment and recipients of positive behavior as good people who deserve praise. Participants evaluated the recipients of positive and negative acts in both a social conventional domain and a moral domain. Overall, children demonstrated an asymmetrical judgment pattern: they perceived recipients of positive behavior as good people who deserve praise and recipients of negative behavior as not bad nor deserving punishment. Adults made more conservative dispositional judgments than children. These findings suggest an asymmetry in assigning credit or blame to the recipients of others’ actions in a manner consistent with an overall positivity bias in person perception. Implications for children's reasoning about disposition and the potential intersection with moral development are discussed.
Security as Socio‐Technical Practice: Predictive Policing and (Non‐)Automation
Authors: Leese Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPredictive policing is among the most prevalent new technological tools for law enforcement. Understanding how the police produce knowledge about crime and society in technologically mediated ways is important vis‐a‐vis practices of social ordering. In this paper, I suggest to draw on literature from Science and Technology Studies (STS) in order to understand the impact of technology not as analytically isolated artefact, but as embedded in socio‐technical relations that define how it comes to matter in everyday practice. In order to demonstrate what it means to think about technology in socio‐technical terms, I engage the discrepancy between the technical capacities of predictive policing applications and the ways in which they actually become part of police work on a daily basis. Specifically, I investigate how claims about the automation of crime analysis in predictive policing are reconfigured through the interplay of social and technical elements in police work.
Ultra‐high‐frequency ultrasound monitoring of plaque psoriasis during ixekizumab treatment
Authors: Dini Valentina , Janowska Agata , Faita Francesco , Panduri Salvatore , Benincasa Bianca Benedetta , Izzetti Rossana , Romanelli Marco , Oranges Teresa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is a non‐invasive method that detects superficial skin features. Ultra‐high frequencies (50‐100 MHz) can reveal epidermis and dermis structures.ObjectivesIn this study, we describe the psoriatic plaque using a new device equipped with a 70 MHz probe (VEVO® MD, Fujifilm, VisualSonics) and we assess the lesion before and after ixekizumab.MethodsWe examined the superficial hyperechoic band, the subepidermal hypoechoic band (SLEB), and the vascularization of the plaque in ten patients affected by plaque psoriasis.ResultsThe average superficial hyperechoic band thickness was 0.2157 mm before treatment, 0.1611 mm after 15 days, and 0.1354 mm (P < .05) after 30 days. The SLEB thickness was 0.7535 mm at baseline, 0.3300 mm after 15 days (P < .05), and 0.2007 mm (P < .05) after 30 days. The average percentage vascularization was 50.21% at baseline, 13.15% after 15 days (P < .05), and 5.97% after 30 days. UHFUS assessment highlighted the rapid action of the drug in terms of the decrease in vascularization after 15 days. It revealed a statistically significant reduction in SLEB thickness after 15 days and a significant reduction in the hyperechoic superficial band after 30 days.ConclusionsVEVO® MD provides physicians with high‐resolution details of the psoriatic plaque, thus enabling tailored‐made treatments.
Content analysis of digital mathematics games based on the NCTM Content and Process Standards: An exploratory study
Authors: Joung Eunmi , Byun JaeHwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis exploratory study was conducted to evaluate the quality of digital math games by measuring how much the content of a digital game is aligned to the NCTM Content and Process Standards. For this purpose, this study employed a content analysis method. In total, 23 digital mathematics games have been selected and analyzed using an instrument, a codebook, developed from the NCTM Content and Process Standards. The data showed that a variety of game genre have been used in mathematics games. The majority of math game content focuses on Number and Operations standards compared to other NCTM Content Standards. Also, we found that the games analyzed in this study connected to the all NCTM Process Standards. This study could help the stakeholders of mathematics education in determining what digital math games they integrate for students to improve the math content knowledge and by providing criteria to evaluate math game content aligned with NCTM Content and Process Standards.
Neonatal mortality in rural northern Ghana and the three delays model: are we focusing on the right delays?
Authors: Kaselitz Elizabeth B. , Cunningham‐Rhoads Brian , Aborigo Raymond A. , Williams John E. O. , James Katherine H. , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Three Delays Model outlines, three common delays that lead to poor newborn outcomes: (i) recognising symptoms and deciding to seek care; (ii) getting to care and; (iii) receiving timely, high‐quality care. We gathered data for all newborn deaths within four districts in Ghana to explore how well the Three Delays Model explains outcomes.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, observational study, trained field workers conducted verbal and social autopsies with the closest surviving relative (typically mothers) of all neonatal deaths across four districts in northern Ghana from September 2015 until April 2017. Data were collected using Survey CTO and analysed using StataSE 15.0. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were calculated for key variables.Results247 newborn deaths were identified. Nearly 77% (190) of newborns who died were born at a health facility, and 48.9% (93) of those who died before discharge. Of the 149 newborns who were discharged or born at home, 71.8% (107) sought care at a facility for illness, and 72.9% (N = 78) of those did so within the same day of illness recognition. Of the 83 respondents who arranged for transportation, 82% (68) did so within 1 h. Newborns received prompt care but insufficient interventions – 25% or fewer received IV fluids, oral medications, antibiotics or oxygen.ConclusionsThese data suggest that women are following recommendations for safe delivery and prompt care‐seeking. In rural northern Ghana, behaviour change interventions focused on mothers and families may not be as pressing as interventions focused on the Third Delay – obtaining timely, high‐quality care.
The genetics underlying metabolic signatures in a brown rice diversity panel and their vital role in human nutrition
Authors: Brotman Yariv , Llorente‐Wiegand Cindy , Oyong Glenn , Badoni Saurabh , Misra Gopal , Anacleto Roslen , Parween Sabiha , Pasion Erstelle , Tiozon Rhowell N. , Anonuevo Joanne J. , deGuzman Maria K. , Alseekh Saleh , Mbanjo Edwige G. N. , Boyd Lesley A. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Sreenivasulu Nese 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYBrown rice (Oryza sativa) possesses various nutritionally dense bioactive phytochemicals exhibiting a wide range of antioxidant, anti‐cancer, and anti‐diabetic properties known to promote various human health benefits. However, despite the wide claims made about the importance of brown rice for human nutrition the underlying metabolic diversity has not been systematically explored. Non‐targeted metabolite profiling of developing and mature seeds of a diverse genetic panel of 320 rice cultivars allowed quantification of 117 metabolites. The metabolite genome‐wide association study (mGWAS) detected genetic variants influencing diverse metabolic targets in developing and mature seeds. We further interlinked genetic variants on chromosome 7 (6.06–6.43 Mb region) with complex epistatic genetic interactions impacting multi‐dimensional nutritional targets, including complex carbohydrate starch quality, the glycemic index, antioxidant catechin, and rice grain color. Through this nutrigenomics approach rare gene bank accessions possessing genetic variants in bHLH and IPT5 genes were identified through haplotype enrichment. These variants were associated with a low glycemic index, higher catechin levels, elevated total flavonoid contents, and heightened antioxidant activity in the whole grain with elevated anti‐cancer properties being confirmed in cancer cell lines. This multi‐disciplinary nutrigenomics approach thus allowed us to discover the genetic basis of human health‐conferring diversity in the metabolome of brown rice.
The formation and evolution of centromeric satellite repeats in Saccharum species
Authors: Huang Yongji , Ding Wenjie , Zhang Muqing , Han Jinlei , Jing Yanfen , Yao Wei , Hasterok Robert , Wang Zonghua , Wang Kai 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYCentromeres in eukaryotes are composed of tandem DNAs and retrotransposons. However, centromeric repeats exhibit considerable diversity, even among closely related species, and their origin and evolution are largely unknown. We conducted a genome‐wide characterization of the centromeric sequences in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Four centromeric tandem repeat sequences, So1, So103, So137 and So119, were isolated. So1 has a monomeric length of 137 bp, typical of a centromeric satellite, and has evolved four variants. However, these So1 variants had distinct centromere distributions and some were unique to an individual centromere. The distributions of the So1 variants were unexpectedly consistent among the Saccharum species that had different basic chromosome numbers or ploidy levels, thus suggesting evolutionary stability for approximately 7 million years in sugarcane. So103, So137 and So119 had unusually longer monomeric lengths that ranged from 327 to 1371 bp and lacked translational phasing on the CENH3 nucleosomes. Moreover, So103, So137 and So119 seemed to be highly similar to retrotransposons, which suggests that they originated from these mobile elements. Notably, all three repeats were flanked by direct repeats, and formed extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs). The presence of circular molecules for these retrotransposon‐derived centromeric satellites suggests an eccDNA‐mediated centromeric satellite formation pathway in sugarcane.
The apple palmitoyltransferase MdPAT16 influences sugar content and salt tolerance via an MdCBL1–MdCIPK13–MdSUT2.2 pathway
Authors: Jiang Han , Ma Qi‐Jun , Zhong Ming‐Shuang , Gao Huai‐Na , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYProtein S‐acyltransferases (PATs) are a category of eukaryotic transmembrane proteins that mediate the S‐acylation of their target proteins. S‐acylation, commonly known as palmitoylation, is a reversible protein modification that regulates the membrane association and function of target proteins. However, the functions and mechanisms of PATs in apple (Malus domestica) remain poorly understood. In this study, an MdPAT family member, MdPAT16, was identified and shown to have palmitoyltransferase activity. We demonstrated that this gene responds to salt stress and that its expression improves plant salt stress resistance. In addition, its overexpression significantly promotes the accumulation of soluble sugars. The same phenotypes were observed in transgenic tissue culture seedlings, transgenic roots, and Arabidopsis thaliana that ectopically expressed MdPAT16. MdPAT16 was shown to interact with MdCBL1 and stabilize MdCBL1 protein levels through palmitoylation. The N‐terminal sequence of MdCBL1 contains a palmitoylation site, and its N‐terminal deletion led to changes in MdCBL1 protein stability and subcellular localization. The phenotypes of MdCBL1 transgenic roots and transiently injected apple fruits were fully consistent with the sugar accumulation phenotype of MdPAT16. Mutation of the palmitoylation site interfered with this phenotype. These findings suggest that MdPAT16 palmitoylates its downstream target proteins, improving their stability. This may be a missing link in the plant salt stress response pathway and have an important impact on fruit quality.