bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a preoperative CT-based radiomic nomogram to predict pathology invasiveness in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule: a machine learning approach, multicenter, diagnostic study
Authors: Huang Luyu , Lin Weihuan , Xie Daipeng , Yu Yunfang , Cao Hanbo , Liao Guoqing , Wu Shaowei , Yao Lintong , Wang Zhaoyu , Wang Mei , Wang Siyun , Wang Guangyi , Zhang Dongkun , Yao Su , He Zifan , Cho William Chi-Shing , Chen Duo , Zhang Zhengjie , Li Wanshan , Qiao Guibin , Chan Lawrence Wing-Chi , Zhou Haiyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To develop and validate a preoperative CT-based nomogram combined with radiomic and clinical–radiological signatures to distinguish preinvasive lesions from pulmonary invasive lesions.

Methods
This was a retrospective, diagnostic study conducted from August 1, 2018, to May 1, 2020, at three centers. Patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule were enrolled in the GDPH center and were divided into two groups (7:3) randomly: development (n = 149) and internal validation (n = 54). The SYSMH center and the ZSLC Center formed an external validation cohort of 170 patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and logistic regression analysis were used to feature signatures and transform them into models.

Results
The study comprised 373 individuals from three independent centers (female: 225/373, 60.3%; median [IQR] age, 57.0 [48.0–65.0] years). The AUCs for the combined radiomic signature selected from the nodular area and the perinodular area were 0.93, 0.91, and 0.90 in the three cohorts. The nomogram combining the clinical and combined radiomic signatures could accurately predict interstitial invasion in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (AUC, 0.94, 0.90, 0.92) in the three cohorts, respectively. The radiomic nomogram outperformed any clinical or radiomic signature in terms of clinical predictive abilities, according to a decision curve analysis and the Akaike information criteria.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a nomogram constructed by identified clinical–radiological signatures and combined radiomic signatures has the potential to precisely predict pathology invasiveness.

Key Points
• The radiomic signature from the perinodular area has the potential to predict pathology invasiveness of the solitary pulmonary nodule.
• The new radiomic nomogram was useful in clinical decision-making associated with personalized surgical intervention and therapeutic regimen selection in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.
Unilateral axillary adenopathy induced by COVID-19 vaccine: US follow-up evaluation
Authors: Igual-Rouilleault Alba Cristina , Soriano Ignacio , Quan Paola Leonor , Fernández-Montero Alejandro , Elizalde Arlette , Pina Luis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study was conducted in order to investigate COVID-19 vaccine influence on unilateral axillary lymph nodes, comparing nodal basal features with their characteristics after the first and second vaccination dose.

Methods
Ninety-one volunteer employees from our center who participated in the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination campaign were prospectively recruited. A total of three axillary ultrasound evaluations of the ipsilateral vaccinated arm were performed: before vaccination, the week after the first dose and the week after the second dose. The following findings were recorded: the total number of visible nodes, the maximum measurements of the diameter and cortex, Bedi’s classification, and color Doppler evaluation. The collected data were compared using paired-sample Student’s t-test for quantitative continuous variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for ordinal variables. Additional analyses were performed after classifying patients according to the previous history of COVID-19 disease. Differences among both groups were evaluated with the Mann–Whitney U test. Variables with a p value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Comparative analyses between the three US examinations showed a statistically significant augmentation of total visible nodes, maximum diameter, cortical thickness, grade of Bedi’s classification, and Doppler signal (p < 0.001). Analyses between patients with and without previous COVID-19 infection showed a higher lymph node response in naïve patients compared to those who were previously infected.

Conclusions
According to our results, both doses of COVID-19 vaccine induced an increase of all axillary lymph node parameters with statistically significant differences, especially in coronavirus-naïve patients.

Key Points
• Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine induces a high incidence of ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy.
• US scan identified an increase of all lymph nodes parameters, especially in coronavirus-naïve patients.
Superhydrophobic drag reduction in turbulent flows: a critical review
Authors: Park Hyungmin , Choi Chang-Hwan , Kim Chang-Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuperhydrophobic (SHPo) surfaces have been investigated vigorously since around 2000 due in large part to their unique potential for hydrodynamic frictional drag reduction without any energy or material input. The mechanisms and key factors affecting SHPo drag reduction have become relatively well understood for laminar flows by around 2010, as has been reviewed before [Lee et al. Exp Fluids 57:176 (2016)], but the progress for turbulent flows has been rather tortuous. While improved flow tests made positive SHPo drag reduction in fully turbulent flows more regular since around 2010, such a success in a natural, open water environment was reported only in 2020 [Xu et al. Phys Rev Appl 13:034056 (2020b)]. In this article, we review studies from the literature about turbulent flows over SHPo surfaces, with a focus on experimental studies. We summarize the key knowledge obtained, including the drag-reduction mechanism in the turbulent regime, the effect of the surface roughness morphology, and the fate and role of the plastron. This review is aimed to help guide the design and application of SHPo surfaces for drag reduction in the large-scale turbulent flows of field conditions.Graphic abstract
Lag impacts of the anomalous July soil moisture over Southern China on the August rainfall over the Huang–Huai River Basin
Authors: Dong Xuan , Zhou Yang , Chen Haishan , Zhou Botao , Sun Shanlei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of soil moisture (SM) on precipitation is an important issue in the land–atmosphere interaction and shows largely regional differences. In this study, the SM of the ERA-Interim reanalysis and precipitation data of the weather stations were used to investigate their relationship over eastern China during July and August. Moreover, the WRF model was applied to further validate the effect of SM on rainfall. In the observations, a significantly negative relationship was found that, when the soil over southern China is wet (dry) in July, the rainfall decreases (increases) over the Huang–Huai–River basin (hereafter HHR) in August. In the model results, the soil can “memorize” its wet anomaly over southern China from July to August. In August, the wet soil increases the latent heat flux at surface and the air moisture at lower levels of the atmosphere, which is generally unstable due to the summer monsoon. Thus, upward motion is prevailing over southern China in August, and the increased surface air moisture is transported upwards. After that, the condensation of water vapor is enhanced at the middle and upper levels, increasing the release of latent heat in the atmosphere. The heat release forms a cyclonic circulation at the lower levels over eastern China, and induces the transport and convergence of water vapor increased over southern China in August. This further strengthens the upward motion over southern China and the cyclonic circulation at the lower levels. Therefore, positive feedback appears between water vapor transport and atmospheric circulation. Meanwhile, the cyclonic circulation over southern China results in a response of water vapor divergence and a downward motion over HHR. Consequently, the negative anomalies of precipitation occur over HHR in August. When the July soil is dry over southern China, the opposite results can be found through the similar mechanism.
Electronically monitored occlusion therapy in amblyopia with eccentric fixation
Authors: Mehmed Berna , Fronius Maria , Pohl Tabea , Ackermann Hanns , Schramm Charlotte , Spieth Bettina , Hofmann Christian , Kohnen Thomas , Wenner Yaroslava 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Amblyopia with eccentric fixation, especially when not diagnosed early, is a therapeutic challenge, as visual outcome is known to be poorer than in amblyopia with central fixation. Consequently, treatment after late diagnosis is often denied. Electronic monitoring of occlusion provides us the chance to gain first focussed insight into age-dependent dose response and treatment efficiency, as well as the shift of fixation in this rare group of paediatric patients.

Methods
In our prospective pilot study, we examined amblyopes with eccentric fixation during 12 months of occlusion treatment. We evaluated their visual acuity, recorded patching duration using a TheraMon®-microsensor, and determined their fixation with a direct ophthalmoscope. Dose-response relationship and treatment efficiency were calculated.

Results
The study included 12 participants with strabismic and combined amblyopia aged 2.9–12.4 years (mean 6.5). Median prescription of occlusion was 7.7 h/day (range 6.6–9.9) and median daily received occlusion was 5.2 h/day (range 0.7–9.7). At study end, median acuity gain was 0.6 log units (range 0–1.6) and residual interocular visual acuity difference (IOVAD) 0.3 log units (range 0–1.8). There was neither significant acuity gain nor reduction in IOVAD after the 6th month of treatment. Children younger than 4 years showed best response with lowest residual IOVAD at study end. Efficiency calculation showed an acuity gain of approximately one line from 100 h of patching in the first 2 months and half a line after 6 months. There was a significant decline of treatment efficiency with age (p = 0.01). Foveolar fixation was achieved after median 3 months (range 1–6). Three patients (> 6 years) did not gain central fixation.

Conclusion
Eccentric fixation is a challenge to therapy success. Based on electronic monitoring, our study quantified for the first time the reduction of treatment efficiency with increasing age in amblyopes with eccentric fixation. Despite some improvement in patients up to 8 years, older patients showed significantly lower treatment efficiency. In younger patients with good adherence, despite poor initial acuity, central fixation and low residual IOVAD could be attained after median 3 months. Hence, the necessity of early diagnosis and intensive occlusion should be emphasized.
Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Valtonen Rasmus I. P. , Hintsala Heidi H. E. , Kiviniemi Antti , Kenttä Tuomas , Crandall Craig , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter , Perkiömäki Juha , Hautala Arto , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Ikäheimo Tiina M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment may increase cardiovascular strain, which could be detrimental to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared cardiovascular responses of CAD patients during graded upper-body dynamic and static exercise in cold and neutral environments.

Methods
20 patients with stable CAD performed 30 min of progressive dynamic (light, moderate, and heavy rating of perceived exertion) and static (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) upper body exercise in cold (− 15 °C) and neutral (+ 22 °C) environments. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses were recorded and rate pressure product (RPP) calculated.

Results
Dynamic-graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased HR by 2.3–4.8% (p = 0.002–0.040), MAP by 3.9–5.9% (p = 0.038–0.454) and RPP by 18.1–24.4% (p = 0.002–0.020) when compared to the neutral environment. Static graded upper-body exercise in the cold resulted in higher MAP (6.3–9.1%; p = 0.000–0.014), lower HR (4.1–7.2%; p = 0.009–0.033), but unaltered RPP compared to a neutral environment. Heavy dynamic exercise resulted in ST depression that was not related to temperature. Otherwise, ECG was largely unaltered during exercise in either thermal condition.

Conclusions
Dynamic- and static-graded upper-body exercise in the cold involves higher cardiovascular strain compared with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in electric cardiac function were observed. The results support the use of upper-body exercise in the cold in patients with stable CAD.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration NCT02855905 August 2016.
Kidney length normative values in children aged 0–19 years — a multicenter study
Authors: Obrycki Łukasz , Sarnecki Jędrzej , Lichosik Marianna , Sopińska Małgorzata , Placzyńska Małgorzata , Stańczyk Małgorzata , Mirecka Julia , Wasilewska Agnieszka , Michalski Maciej , Lewandowska Weronika , Dereziński Tadeusz , Pac Michał , Szwarc Natalia , Annusewicz Karol , Rekuta Viktoriia , Ažukaitis Karolis , Čekuolis Andrius , Wierzbicka-Rucińska Aldona , Jankauskiene Augustina , Kalicki Bolesław , Jobs Katarzyna , Tkaczyk Marcin , Feber Janusz , Litwin Mieczysław 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently used pediatric kidney length normative values are based on small single-center studies, do not include kidney function assessment, and focus mostly on newborns and infants. We aimed to develop ultrasound-based kidney length normative values derived from a large group of European Caucasian children with normal kidney function.

Methods
Out of 1,782 children aged 0–19 years, 1,758 individuals with no present or past kidney disease and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate had sonographic assessment of kidney length. The results were correlated with anthropometric parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney length was correlated with age, height, body surface area, and body mass index. Height-related kidney length curves and table were generated using the LMS method. Multivariate regression analysis with collinearity checks was used to evaluate kidney length predictors.

Results
There was no significant difference in kidney size in relation to height between boys and girls. We found significant (p < 0.001), but clinically unimportant (Cohen’s D effect size = 0.04 and 0.06) differences between prone vs. supine position (mean paired difference = 0.64 mm, 95% CI = 0.49–0.77) and left vs. right kidneys (mean paired difference = 1.03 mm, 95% CI = 0.83–1.21), respectively. For kidney length prediction, the highest coefficient correlation was observed with height (adjusted R2 = 0.87, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
We present height-related LMS-percentile curves and tables of kidney length which may serve as normative values for kidney length in children from birth to 19 years of age. The most significant predictor of kidney length was statural height.

Graphic Abstract
A Splitting Result for Real Submanifolds of a Kähler Manifold
Authors: Biliotti Leonardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet $$(Z,\omega )$$

(
Z
,
ω
)

be a connected Kähler manifold with an holomorphic action of the complex reductive Lie group $$U^\mathbb {C}$$

U
C

, where U is a compact connected Lie group acting in a hamiltonian fashion. Let G be a closed compatible Lie group of $$U^\mathbb {C}$$

U
C

and let M be a G-invariant connected submanifold of Z. Let $$x\in M$$

x
∈
M

. If G is a real form of $$U^\mathbb {C}$$

U
C

, we investigate conditions such that $$G\cdot x$$

G
·
x

compact implies $$U^\mathbb {C}\cdot x$$

U
C

·
x

is compact as well. The vice-versa is also investigated. We also characterize G-invariant real submanifolds such that the norm-square of the gradient map is constant. As an application, we prove a splitting result for real connected submanifolds of $$(Z,\omega )$$

(
Z
,
ω
)

generalizing a result proved in Gori and Podestà (Ann Global Anal Geom 26: 315–318, 2004), see also Bedulli and Gori (Results Math 47: 194–198, 2005), Biliotti (Bull Belg Math Soc Simon Stevin 16: 107–116 2009).
Modifications and hybrids of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridinium salts and their antiprotozoal potencies
Authors: Seebacher Werner , Mohsin Noor-ul-Amin , Dolensky Johanna , Hochegger Patrick , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Saf Robert , Schuster Daniela , Temml Veronika , Weis Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe antiprotozoal activity of 1-benzyltetrahydropyridin-4-yliden iminium salts is reported. This paper describes the preparation of a series of analogs from dihydropyridines or dihydrothiopyrans as educts. The new compounds were investigated for their activity against Plasmodium falciparum NF54, a causative organism of Malaria tropica and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the causative organism of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Several structure–activity relationships were detected. Both the substituents in ring positions 1 and 4 of the tetrahydropyridinium moiety had a strong impact on the antiprotozoal activities as well as on the cytotoxicity of compounds against L-6 cells (rat skeletal myoblasts). All new compounds were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and NMR spectroscopy.
Graphic abstract
Blood culture time to positivity in non-β-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia as a predictor of infective endocarditis—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krus David , Kahn Fredrik , Nilson Bo , Sunnerhagen Torgny , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon-β-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS) cause infective endocarditis (IE) and a short blood culture time to positivity (TTP) is associated with risk of IE in bacteremia with other pathogens. In this retrospective population-based cohort study, we investigate if TTP is associated to IE or mortality. Of 263 episodes with NBHS bacteremia, 28 represented IE and the median TTP did not differ significantly between episodes with IE (15 h) and non-IE (15 h) (p=0.51). TTP was similar among those who survived and those who died within 30 days. However, TTP significantly differed when comparing the different streptococcal groups (p<0.001).
Estimation of the cost-effective threshold of a quality-adjusted life year in China based on the value of statistical life
Authors: Cai Dan , Shi Si , Jiang Shan , Si Lei , Wu Jing , Jiang Yawen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCost-effective threshold (CET) is essential for health technology assessment and decision-making based on health economic evaluations. Recently, it has been argued that the commonly used once and three times of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita CETs of a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) are not necessarily empirically supported in all countries. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the CET of a QALY as times of GDP per capita in China, of which the reimbursement coverage decisions are increasingly engaging economic evaluations. Estimates on the value of statistical life (VSL) in China were identified from several studies in the literature and converted to times of GDP per capita, the weighted average of which was used for subsequent calculation. By pooling data on population mortality, health utility, and age distribution, we estimated the value of a statistical QALY (VSQ) from VSL using an established mathematical process, which represented the theoretical upper bound of CET. The corresponding point estimate and theoretical lower bound were obtained using their numerical relationships with the upper bound. Scenarios analyses were also conducted. The estimated CET, its upper bound, and its lower bound were 1.45, 2.90, and 1.16 times of GDP per capita in China, respectively. In different scenarios, the estimated CET varied but was greater than once GDP per capita in most cases. As such, the CET of a QALY in China is close to 1.5 times of GDP per capita, which should be benchmarked for future ICER-based coverage decisions.
Investigation of a Capnometry Guided Respiratory Intervention in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Ostacher Michael J. , Fischer Eileen , Bowen Ellie R. , Lyu Jihun , Robbins Denishia J. , Suppes Trisha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including psychotherapies and medications, have high dropout and nonresponse rates, suggesting that more acceptable and effective treatments for PTSD are needed. Capnometry Guided Respiratory Intervention (CGRI) is a digital therapeutic effective in panic disorder that measures and displays end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and respiratory rate (RR) in real-time within a structured breathing protocol and may have benefit in PTSD by moderating breathing and EtCO2 levels. We conducted a single-arm study of a CGRI system, Freespira®, to treat symptoms of PTSD. Participants with PTSD (n = 55) were treated for four weeks with twice-daily, 17-min at-home CGRI sessions using a sensor and tablet with pre-loaded software. PTSD and associated symptoms were assessed at baseline, end-of treatment, 2-months and 6-months post-treatment. Primary efficacy outcome was 50% of participants having ≥ 6-point decrease in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) score at 2-month follow up. Tolerability, usability, safety, adherence and patient satisfaction were assessed. CGRI was well tolerated, with 88% [95% CI 74–96%] having ≥ 6-point decrease in CAPS-5 scores at 2-months post-treatment follow up. Mean CAPS-5 scores decreased from 49.5 [s.d. = 9.2] at baseline to 27.1 [s.d. = 17.8] at 2-months post-treatment follow up. Respiratory rate decreased and EtCO2 levels increased. Associated mental and physical health symptoms also improved. This CGRI intervention was safe, acceptable, and well-tolerated in improving symptoms in this study in PTSD. Further study against an appropriate comparator is warranted.
Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT#03039231.
Decolonizing Deliberative Democracy: Perspectives from Below
Authors: Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper I provide a decolonial critique of received knowledge about deliberative democracy. Legacies of colonialism have generally been overlooked in theories of democracy. These omissions challenge several key assumptions of deliberative democracy. I argue that deliberative democracy does not travel well outside Western sites and its key assumptions begin to unravel in the ‘developing’ regions of the world. The context for a decolonial critique of deliberative democracy is the ongoing violent conflicts over resource extraction in the former colonies of Africa, Asia and Latin America. I argue that deliberative democracy cannot take into account the needs of marginalized stakeholders who are defending their lands and livelihoods. The paper contributes to the literature by (1) offering a critique of hegemonic models of democracy that cannot address issues of inequality and colonial difference and (2) offering possibilities to imagine counterhegemonic alternatives for a democratization of democracy from below.