bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantation of retropupillary iris‐claw lenses: A review on surgical management and outcomes
Authors: Drolsum Liv , Kristianslund Olav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIris‐claw lenses have gained increasing popularity over the last years and are by many surgeons regarded as viable options in eyes with insufficient capsular or zonular support. The iris‐claw lens has two haptics with fine fissures for folding (enclavating) the mid‐peripheral part of the iris stroma and can either be placed in front of or posterior to the iris. In particular, the retropupillary implantation has been increasingly chosen probably due to having an anatomical position similar to that of the crystalline lens. The present review is based on a literature review and also on the authors’ clinical experience with this lens, and it focuses on surgical techniques and outcomes especially related to the characteristics of this lens, having haptics with claws that fixate the lens to the posterior iris. Implanting retropupillary iris‐claw lenses has a relatively short learning curve, and there are only few complications reported during surgery. Retropupillary iris‐claw lenses have demonstrated generally favourable efficiency and safety. However, the outcomes are probably more influenced by the reason for surgery and eye comorbidity than the lens itself. Albeit seldom reported, the postoperative complications have mostly been related to atrophy of the iris at the site of the haptics, or IOL decentration or disenclavation of one of the haptics. To date, however, there are few randomized clinical trials comparing this lens to other lens alternatives in eyes exhibiting insufficient capsular or zonular support for placing the lens in the ciliary sulcus. In the future, prospective studies with large samples should be performed to gain insights into the long‐term safety of retropupillary placed iris‐claw lenses, and for comparisons with the various other techniques of lens fixation.
Estimating the effects of non‐discriminatory trade policies within structural gravity models
Authors: Heid Benedikt , Larch Mario , Yotov Yoto V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a simple method to identify the effects of unilateral and non‐discriminatory trade policies on bilateral trade within a theoretically consistent empirical gravity model. Specifically, we argue that structural gravity estimations should be performed with data that include not only international trade flows but also intra‐national trade flows. The use of intra‐national sales allows identification of the effects of non‐discriminatory trade policies such as most favoured nation tariffs, even in the presence of exporter and importer fixed effects. A byproduct of our approach is that it can be used to recover estimates of the trade elasticity, a key parameter for quantitative trade models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of most favoured nation tariffs and “time to export” as representative non‐discriminatory determinants of trade on the importer and on the exporter side, respectively. Our methods can be extended to quantify the impact on trade of any country‐specific characteristics as well as any non‐trade policies.
Characteristics and outcome‐related factors of seizure at the first onset of autoimmune encephalitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yilin , Li Xin , He Pingping , Yin Jiangning , Dong Ruofei , Fu Yu , Zhang Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsSeizure outcome of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) varies from seizure‐free to refractory epilepsy, and the associated factors remain unclear. We aimed to describe seizure characteristics, identify seizure outcome‐related factors, and discuss the medication strategy of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the first onset of AE.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the data of 86 patients with clinically diagnosed AE. The clinical characteristics were described using a chi‐square test. Seizure outcome‐related factors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results56 patients were finally enrolled, with antibodies to N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor found in 29, to γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor B found in 13, and to leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated protein 1 found in 14. Status epilepticus occurrence and onset with seizure lead to a poor seizure outcome, while administration of human gamma globulin and a low antibody titer contributed to a good seizure outcome.ConclusionsIn the acute phase, seizure characteristics may be considered in the utilization of AEDs. For patients with seizure‐free status in the acute phase, clinical manifestation (onset with seizure or not, whether status epilepticus occurs or not), therapy regimen (human gamma globulin administered or not), and antibody titer may be considered when formulating the strategy for withdrawal of AEDs post‐acute phase.
Characteristic appearance of the oropharynx in patients with postnasal drip (PND)‐induced cough
Authors: Tomita Katsuyuki , Ikeuchi Tomoyuki , Touge Hirokazu , Nakamura Yosuke , Yamamoto Yuko , Takeuchi Hiromi , Yamasaki Akira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPost‐nasal drip (PND)‐induced cough is a common cause of chronic cough. However, there is little known about the characteristic physical findings of this condition.ObjectivesWe investigated views of the pharyngeal wall in patients with PND‐induced cough using a handy endoscopic images.MethodsThe subjects were 135 consecutive patients referred to our hospital with a sensation of something “dripping down the throat” as one of their symptoms. Physical findings for the oropharynx were examined using Wi‐Fi endoscope camera. The difference in probability of symptoms in patients with acute cough and those with subacute/chronic cough was assessed using a Bayesian Fisher exact test on a 2 × 2 table.ResultsAmong the patients, 105 (78%) complained of cough, 78 (58%) of acute cough, 20 (15%) of subacute cough, and 7 (5%) of chronic cough; and 71 (53%) had coexisting asthma. Using Bayesian inference, a sore or scratchy throat and fever were more common in patients with acute cough than in those with subacute/chronic cough. In endoscopic images of the oropharynx, a reddish curtain sign on the posterior pharyngeal wall behind the palatopharyngeal arch was found in 121 patients (90%).ConclusionPatients with acute PND‐induced cough have a component of acute upper respiratory infection, because of high probability of a sore or scratchy throat and fever as symptom. A reddish curtain sign may be a useful finding for identifying PND‐induced cough in these cases.
Selenium status and oxidative stress in obese: Influence of adiposity
Authors: Soares de Oliveira Ana R. , Jayanne Clímaco Cruz Kyria , Beatriz Silva Morais Jennifer , Rocha Dos Santos Loanne , Rodrigues de Sousa Melo Stéfany , Fontenelle Larissa C. , Santos de Sousa Gustavo , Costa Maia Carla Soraya , Oliveira Duarte de Araújo Camilla , Leal Mendes Islanne , Simeone Henriques Gilberto , Costa Silva Vladimir , do Nascimento Marreiro Dilina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelenium deficiency appears to limit antioxidant defense in obese individuals. This study evaluated the association between adiposity indices, selenium status, and oxidative stress in obese women.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 139 women who were divided into the following two groups: the case group (obese women, n = 63) and the control group (normal‐weight women, n = 76). Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary selenium levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and neck circumference were measured. Body mass index, waist/height ratio, conicity index, body fat index, body adiposity index, body circularity index, and visceral adiposity index were calculated. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer and Ransel kit.ResultsObese women had selenium deficiency characterized by reduction in plasma and erythrocyte concentrations (P < .001). The urinary selenium excretion was higher in the case group compared to the control group (P < .001). Adiposity indices values and plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly elevated in obese women (P < .001). There was a significant association between adiposity indices and selenium status (P < .001), and between erythrocyte selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (P < .001).ConclusionObese women evaluated in the study have reduced plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of selenium and an increased urinary excretion of selenium. The correlation analysis reveals an association between intra‐abdominal fat accumulation and selenium metabolism and oxidative stress.
The effect of temperature and wetting–drying cycles on soil wettability: Dynamic molecular restructuring processes at the solid–water–air interface
Authors: Bachmann Joerg , Söffker Steffen , Sepehrnia Nasrollah , Goebel Marc‐O. , Woche Susanne K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of heat treatment and wetting–drying cycles on the wetting properties of sandy forest soils was explored. Topsoil and upper subsoil were sampled at three beech forest sites in northern Germany. The air‐dried soils were treated at 20, 40 and 80°C for 24 h, with materials treated at 20°C serving as reference. After wetting, materials were air‐dried or shock‐frozen in liquid N2 and freeze‐dried. Interfacial properties were monitored by sessile drop contact angles (CAs) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provide physical and chemical information on the outermost particle interface layer. CAs of reference samples were around 90° and significantly increased after 80°C‐treatment to >90°, whereas 40°C‐treatment had in comparison to reference soils no distinct impact on CA. Depending on the initial temperature treatment, air‐drying after wetting decreased CA to 60–80% and shock‐freezing and freeze‐drying decreased CA to 10–50% of the reference value. Results suggest that shock‐freezing may preserve the organic matter molecular structure that prevails during contact with water at the solid–liquid interface, thus indicating the wettability of the wet surface. Generally, wetting–drying cycles had the least impact on 80°C‐treated material. XPS analysis confirmed dynamic interfacial molecular restructuring processes by changes in O and C content and the content of non‐polar C compounds. A second heat treatment after two wetting–drying cycles again proved the distinct and pronounced impact of 80°C‐treatment on CA, especially with prior shock‐freezing and freeze‐drying. In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate a sensitive and partly reversible reorganization of the solid interfacial wetting properties. Results may conceptually be used to develop dynamic wettability models, which are needed to simulate the sensitive interplay between wettability and dynamic soil hydraulic functions at sites that are exposed to intensive and periodic moisture fluctuations.Highlights
T > 40°C increased contact angle; after wetting contact angle depended on how the water was removed
Shock‐freezing and freeze‐drying preserves contact angle of the wetted state
Contact angle changes confirm interface molecular restructuring due to heat treatment or wetting
Contact angle change goes along with changes in element content within XPS analysis depth
Keratinocyte‐derived IL‐1β induces PPARG downregulation and PPARD upregulation in human reconstructed epidermis following barrier impairment
Authors: Blunder Stefan , Krimbacher Thomas , Moosbrugger‐Martinz Verena , Gruber Robert , Schmuth Matthias , Dubrac Sandrine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear hormone receptors. In skin, PPARs modulate inflammation, lipid synthesis, keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation and thus are important for skin barrier homeostasis. Accordingly, PPAR expression is altered in various skin conditions that entail epidermal barrier impairment, that is atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Using human epidermal equivalents (HEEs), we established models of acute epidermal barrier impairment devoid of immune cells. We assessed PPAR and cytokine expression after barrier perturbation and examined effects of keratinocyte‐derived cytokines on PPAR expression. We show that acetone or SDS treatment causes graded impairment of epidermal barrier function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that besides IL‐1β and TNFα, IL‐33 and TSLP are highly relevant markers for acute epidermal barrier impairment. Both SDS‐ and acetone‐mediated epidermal barrier impairment reduce PPARG expression levels, whereas only SDS enhances PPARD expression. In line with findings in IL‐1β and TNFα‐treated HEEs, abrogation of IL‐1 signalling restores PPARG expression and limits the increase of PPARD expression in SDS‐induced epidermal barrier impairment. Thus, following epidermal barrier perturbation, keratinocyte‐derived IL‐1β and partly TNFα modulate PPARG and PPARD expression. These results emphasize a role for PPARγ and PPARβ/δ in acute epidermal barrier impairment with possible implications for diseases such as AD and psoriasis.
Four‐dimensional collision detection and behaviour based on the physics‐based calculation
Authors: Nakai Yuki , Miwa Takanobu , Shigemune Hiroki , Sawada Hideyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the field of 4‐D space visualization, the information of 4‐D space is obtained by projecting 4‐D data onto 3‐D space. Most of the previous research has been aimed at the recognition of 4‐D space, whereas the target of the recognition has been limited to the geometrical information of 4‐D objects in 4‐D space or static spatial information without dynamics. Our research aims to develop a visualization system for providing the human experience of the physics‐based environment in 4‐D space. In this research, we mainly focus on collision detection and the behaviour of 4‐D objects in 4‐D space in order to construct the physics‐based environment of 4‐D space. Our contribution in this paper is the development of a collision detection algorithm for 4‐D objects and a calculation method for physics based behaviour of 4‐D objects. Our proposed collision detection algorithm is based on the intersection test of tetrahedrons in 4‐D space, so that 4‐D objects in our system is represented as tetrahedral meshes. The tetrahedron‐based collision detection algorithm is performed by a combination of half‐space tests with the use of 5‐D homogeneous processing to enhance the calculation accuracy of the collision detection. Our proposed method calculates the behaviour of the 4‐D objects after the collision by solving the motion equation based on the principle of physics. Consequently, the visualization system with the proposed algorithm allows us to observe the physics‐based environment in 4‐D space.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 inhibits interleukin‐1β‐induced expression of inflammatory genes and Cathepsin S activity in human vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dhaouadi Nedra , Nehme Ali , Faour Wissam H. , Feugier Patrick , Cerutti Catherine , Kacem Kamel , Eid Ali H. , Li Jacques‐Yuan , Zibara Kazem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective and designThis study investigated the opposite mechanisms by which IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 modulated the inflammatory and migratory phenotypes in cultured human intimal vascular smooth muscle cells vSMCs.Materials and treatmentPrimary human vSMCs, obtained from twelve hypertensive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, were incubated for 24 hours with either 40 pM TGF‐β1, or 1 nmol/L IL‐1β, or their combination in presence or absence of anti‐TGF‐β neutralizing antibody.MethodsThe expression levels of matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors, and the elastolytic enzyme cathepsin S (CTSS) and its inhibitor cystatin C were evaluated with RT‐PCR. CTSS activity was measured by fluorometry.ResultsTGF‐β1 reversed IL‐1β‐induced expression of iNOS, CXCL6, IL1R1, MMP12, and CTSS, while upregulated TIMP2 expression. Furthermore, anti‐TGF‐β neutralizing antibody abrogated TGF‐β effects. Combination with IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 induced the expression of IL1α, IL1β, IL1R1, and CTSS, but suppressed CST3 expression. CTSS expression in the combination treatment was higher than that of cells treated with anti‐TGF‐β antibodies alone. Moreover, IL‐1β‐induced CTSS enzymatic activity was reduced when human vSMCs were co‐treated with TGF‐β, whereas this reduction was abrogated by anti‐TGF‐β neutralizing antibody.ConclusionTGF‐β1 abrogated IL‐1β‐induced expression of inflammatory genes and elastolytic activity in cultured human vSMCs. Thus, TGF‐β1 can play a crucial role in impairing IL‐1β‐induced vascular inflammation and damage involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases.
Gender roles during COVID‐19 pandemic: The experiences of Turkish female academics
Authors: Parlak Simel , Celebi Cakiroglu Oya , Oksuz Gul Feride 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explore the COVID‐19 experiences of Turkish female academics in terms of gender roles by focusing on how these women have dealt with domestic and academic responsibilities. The study group consisted of 21 female academics working from home, along with their spouses. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data collected through semistructured telephone interviews. The findings were clustered under five main themes: the early days of the pandemic, work life after the pandemic, domestic responsibilities after the pandemic, family relationships after the pandemic, and the perception of gender roles. The results indicate that the pandemic has deepened gender inequalities, and the academic life of female academics has changed in terms of academic productivity. Therefore, we recommend that more research examining the quarantine process and involving women in other occupations and of different socioeconomic statuses should be done to develop more effective social policies.
Health information diffusion on Twitter: The content and design of WHO tweets matter
Authors: Hönings Holger , Knapp Daniel , Nguyễn Bích Châu , Richter Daniel , Williams Kelly , Dorsch Isabelle , Fietkiewicz Kaja J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicro‐blogging services empower health institutions to quickly disseminate health information to many users. By analysing user data, infodemiology (i.e. improving public health using user contributed health related content) can be measured in terms of information diffusion.ObjectivesTweets by the WHO were examined in order to identify tweet attributes that lead to a high information diffusion rate using Twitter data collected between November 2019 and January 2020.MethodsOne thousand hundred and seventy‐seven tweets were collected using Python's Tweepy library. Afterwards, k‐means clustering and manual coding were used to classify tweets by theme, sentiment, length and count of emojis, pictures, videos and links. Resulting groups with different characteristics were analysed for significant differences using Mann–Whitney U‐ and Kruskal–Wallis H‐tests.ResultsThe topic of the tweet, the included links, emojis and (one) picture as well as the tweet length significantly affected the tweets’ diffusion, whereas sentiment and videos did not show any significant influence on the diffusion of tweets.DiscussionThe findings of this study give insights on why specific health topics might generate less attention and do not showcase sufficient information diffusion.ConclusionThe subject and appearance of a tweet influence its diffusion, making the design equally essential to the preparation of its content.
1. TIMES OF THE EVENT: AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: JUNG THEO , KARLA ANNA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis introduction sets the stage for the following contributions by outlining the current state of research on the two fundamental categories that this forum brings together: the event and time. In a brief survey, we discuss the ways in which the temporality of events has been theorized across disciplines. We also present our core argument for understanding the event as a temporal focal point. In dialogue with existing approaches, we seek to develop a theoretically enriched and empirically fruitful conceptualization of the event, thus offering new perspectives to the academic historiography of events as well as to historical culture at large.
3. BEYOND REPRESENTATION: PICTORIAL TEMPORALITY AND THE RELATIONAL TIME OF THE EVENT
Authors: HOCHKIRCHEN BRITTA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPictures are often connected with the mediation of the event but, paradoxically, not with temporality as such. Although there are several existing approaches that focus on the interplay between the event and its literary representation, the relation between pictorial time and the temporal constitution of the event remains unexplored. The field of image theory has offered insights into the multiple dimensions of the picture's temporality. It has shown that the picture's temporality concerns not only the depicted event but also the picture's immanent modes of producing different temporalities within one pictorial plane. The picture thus not only makes visible but also generates multilayered times of the event. This article brings together insights from image theory and from theories of historical times to demonstrate the relationship between the times of the event and the inner logic of the picture. In order to identify the various qualities of the picture that structure the times of the event, this article uses the case study of Reinhart Koselleck's practical and theoretical work with pictures. This article reads Koselleck's approaches to pictures alongside new insights concerning the relationality of time to the event and the picture. By exploring the picture's agency with regards to the politics of time, this article lays bare the picture's potential to structure the times of the event.