bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) literacy of Hungarian English majors: A validation study
Authors: Fekete Imre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInformation and communications technology (ICT) inclusion has long been at the forefront of professional language pedagogy discourse. It has been argued that ICT implementation is globally advocated but depends on local variables. ICT literacy nowadays does not only include owning and operating devices, but also the ability to create content, solve problems and minding digital safety. The aims of this study were to validate a questionnaire mapping the ICT literacy of one particular group of adult learners: Hungarian English majors (N = 45) and to offer some preliminary results. After two rounds of reliability analysis, all nine constructs of the questionnaire proved to be reliable, each above a minimum Cronbach's alpha value of 0.60. Based on the questionnaire results, it can be said that Hungarian English majors have good digital competences, ICT devices are generally available for them, but their ICT acceptance is lower than hypothesised, and devices emerge as learning tools for students rather than substitutes for face-to-face interaction. Since the questionnaire was piloted on a small sample size (N = 45), results are only preliminary; therefore, this article outlines plans for future administration of the questionnaire.
Taraxacum Officinale Alcoholic Extract Augments the Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Anti-Anthrax Vaccinated Sheep
Authors: POJAR Petru , ȘANDRU Carmen Dana , PASTOR Elisabeta , CERBU Constantin , POPESCU Silvana , ZĂBLĂU Sergiu , VASIU Aurel , OLAH Diana , SPÎNU Marina , GROZA Ioan Ștefan 
Published: May 2021

Phytotherapy used various preparations in both human and veterinary medicine over time, due to their increased bioavailability and lower costs. Taraxacum officinale of Compositae family, well-known for its therapeutic effects, abundantly grows on Romanian pastures. The research aimed to investigate its alcoholic extract’s effects on cell-mediated immunity in anti-anthrax vaccinated, grazing sheep. Local Turcana ewes kept on pasture from spring to fall were sc vaccinated with R1190 attenuated anthrax strain, and blood was sampled before and 14 days after the vaccination. In vitro cell-mediated immunity was monitored employing phagocytosis and blast transformation tests in the presence of T. officinale alcoholic extract. The extract increased phagocytosis two weeks after the vaccination (p<0.001), while the blastogenic response also showed significant variations (p<0.05) over time. There was a positive effect of T. officinale extract on the cellular immunity, suggesting its stress alleviating effects in anti-anthrax vaccinated sheep.
Preliminary Study on Phenotypic Detection of ESBL and Amp-C β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolates from Slaughtered Pigs
Authors: TIPIȘCĂ Marinela , COZMA Andreea Paula , ANIȚĂ Dragoș , IȘAN Elena , OȘLOBANU Luanda , ANIȚĂ Adriana , SAVUȚA Gheorghe 
Published: May 2021

The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in food animals is a public health concern. The aim of this study was to phenotypically detect the extended β-lactamase and AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolated from pig caecum from three slaughterhouses in the North-East of Romania. After collecting the cecal samples, they were phenotypically processed. ESBL and AmpC screening was carried out by cultivation on MacConkey medium with addition of cefotaxime (MC+CTX). The isolates were confirmed as being E. coli based on the biochemical properties using MIU, TSI and API 20E and as ESBL based on synergy tests between clavulanic acid and ceftazidime and/or clavulanic acid and cefotaxime. Phenotypical detection of AmpC beta-lactamase-producing strains was carried out through a stable AmpC cephalosporin (cefepime). Following ESBL/AmpC screening, out of the 128 analysed samples, 51 (39.84%) grew on MC+CTX and they were identified as E. coli. After performing microdilution in broth using EUVSEC2 plates, 78.43% isolates were identified with ESBL phenotype, 9.8% isolates with ESBL/AmpC phenotype, and 11.77% isolates with AmpC phenotype. In this study, although a limited number of strains were analysed, the obtained results phenotypically confirm the presence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes in slaughtered pig populations from the North-East of Romania.
Nobody can Really Afford Legal Services: The Price of Justice in Namibia
Authors: Zongwe Dunia 
Published: May 2021

Nobody (except for the privileged few) can afford legal services in Namibia. In the light of this dawning awareness, how should the government and other stakeholders design the legal profession so that the greatest number of Namibians can access legal services and, ultimately, justice while preserving the profession's financial viability? The predominantly economic nature of this question means that its solutions lie less in the field of law than in the field of economics. Thus, this article adopts a methodology that reflects that insight.
As a primary purpose, this article works towards solving the high cost of legal services in Namibia. It utilises a literature-review methodology that searches the scholarship on the legal profession for practical, down-to-earth solutions put forward in other countries to take the edge off the prohibitive cost of legal services. The article mainly finds that, if structured as a compulsory salary deduction, legal insurance promises the greatest positive impact on costs. And it concludes that the optimal solutions should consist of measures aimed at heightening competition in the legal profession and measures that broaden cost-sharing in providing legal assistance to the public. The article argues that competition can be effectively increased by lubricating the flow of information about prices and services, and by having more public entities bear the burden of expanding the system of legal assistance.
Training and match load in professional rugby union: Do contextual factors influence the training week?
Authors: West Stephen W , Williams Sean , Tierney Peter , Batchelor Tom , Cross Matthew J , Kemp Simon P T , Stokes Keith A 
Published: May 2021

Background: Rugby union demands a multifaceted approach to training, given the multiple physical and technical attributes required to play the sport.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of training throughout the week and investigate how this may be influenced by match-related factors. Methods: Training load data (session Rating of Perceived Exertion [sRPE], total distance and high-speed running [HSR]) were collected from six professional English rugby teams during the 2017/18 season. Five contextual factors were also recorded including: standard of opposition, competition type, result of previous fixture, surface type, and match venue.
Results: The day prior to matches demonstrated the lowest training load (101 AU (95% CIs: 0-216 AU) , 1 047 m (95% CIs:1 128-1 686 m) and 59 m (95% CIs: 0-343 m), respectively), while four days prior to the match demonstrated the highest training load (464 AU (95% CIs: 350-578), 2 983 m (95% CIs: 2 704-3 262m) and 234m (95% CIs: 0-477m), respectively). Of the five contextual factors, competition type was the only variable that demonstrated greater than trivial findings, with training before European fixtures the lowest stimulus across the four different competition types. Standard of opposition, previous result, surface type and venue had only trivial effects on training load (effect sizes = -0.13 to 0.15).
Conclusion: Future studies should outline the distribution of other training metrics, including contact and collision training. This study provides a multi-club evaluation that demonstrates the variety of loading strategies prior to competitive match play and highlights competition type as the most influential contextual factor impacting the average training load.
Analysis of technical efficiency of small-scale commercial farmers in Vhembe district
Authors: Muzekenyi M , Zuwarimwe J , Kilonzo BM 
Published: May 2021

Small-scale commercial farmers are regarded as the strategic avenue to achieve meaningful development in rural areas of South Africa. The government acknowledged that the inclusion of small-scale commercial farming in its development strategies. The paper aims to measure the efficiency of small-scale commercial farming enterprises in Vhembe District in Limpopo Province. Quantitative data were collected from 217 small-scale commercial farmers using structured questionnaires. The data were standardized using a farming enterprise budget system and analysed using the maximum likelihood and stochastic frontier analysis. The results revealed that aggregate output was positive and significantly influenced by age, education level, farm experience, farm labour, and government grants. However, the projected stochastic production frontier model combined with the efficiency parameters showed that labour and credit computed a negative effect on technical efficiency. The results indicated that the average level of technical efficiency ranged between 20% and 96% with a mean of 54%. This indicates that there is potential to increase production among small-scale commercial farmers in the study area by 46 % through efficient use of existing resources. As such, the local government should provide necessary supports such as formal agriculture training, access to credit and information to increase productivity.
1971/10/1. Dama de Elche: Investigación y creación artística en el entorno digital desde la perspectiva A/R/Tográfica
Authors: Gallego Martínez María Dolores 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación y creación artística versa sobre el patrimonio arqueológico como fuente de inspiración para los artistas contemporáneos y, más específicamente, sobre la escultura pétrea conocida como la Dama de Elche. Así, pues, la Investigación Basada en las Artes Visuales ha sido llevada a cabo en el entorno digital, partiendo de multitud de fotografías y dibujos sobre el busto femenino; se han utilizado diversas herramientas digitales de creación de modelos 3D (Autodesk ReCap Photo) y edición de vídeo (Filmora9); y ha sido realizada desde la perspectiva A/R/Tográfica. Por tanto, el presente artículo se focaliza en exponer tanto el proceso creador interdisciplinar desarrollado como el resultado de una de las obras generadas y titulada 1971/10/1. DAMA DE ELCHE (2020).
CHALLENGES IN PROVIDING QUALITATIVE LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19: EXPERIENCE OF RĪGA STRADINS UNIVERSITY
Authors: Vilks Andrejs , Kipane Aldona 
Published: May 2021

The spreading of COVID-19 since March 2020 has had a profound and irreversible impact on all spheres of life around the world. The long-term impact of the pandemic with unpredictable consequences will also be observed in the field of education. The aim of the article is to analyse the potential impact of COVID-19 on the providing of qualitative legal education. Full-fledged assurance of the qualitative education is linked to common conditions for acquiring of knowledge, skills and competences. There are certain specifics in obtaining legal education, especially higher education. It is related to a combination of circumstances that are relevant to the specific knowledge, skills and competences to be acquired by lawyers and legal assistants. In 2020 a new standard for the legal profession was approved, which not only defines new qualitative requirements for the relevant profession, but also determines the need to make adjustments in the relevant study programs. The process of implementing and performing qualitative legal education in the current circumstances is being transformed in line with the international and national regulatory frameworks in the context of management of COVID-19. As research methods descriptive, analytical and synthetic methods are used by the authors.
EXPERIENCE OF INTRODUCING CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl , Shevchenko Lyudmila 
Published: May 2021

Modern education is closely connected with widespread digital technologies, through which communication, collaboration, creativity, and innovation can be organized. The aim and objectives of the article consist in describing the experience of real experience with cloud technologies on the example of a municipal organization (institution, establishment) “Shostka educational complex: specialized school of I-II degrees-lyceum of Shostka town council of Sumy region”. To test the effectiveness application of cloud computing technologies in the educational process of the institution, experimental work was carried out, as a result of which carried out: analysis of the possibility application of cloud computing technologies in the learning process; determination of pedagogical conditions application of cloud computing technologies in the learning process; testing the effectiveness of certain pedagogical conditions.Assessment of the possibility of using the selected technologies in education was carried out according to the results of a survey of all participants in the study. This stage made it possible to determine the main directions of research, take into account the possible obstacles to their use.To implement the selected pedagogical conditions, guidelines for teachers on the use of these technologies in the learning process were developed, which contain a set of methods and techniques for organizing lessons, ways to implement a business game, cluster, senkan, fishbone, comparison chart, brainstorming .Organizing the educational process with the help of cloud technology is one of the priority areas of updating modern education that allows not only to improve the quality of education, but also to achieve a new level of relations between participants in the educational process at all stages of teaching. They help teachers work not only with children but also with their parents.During the transition to the new educational standards, cloud technologies contribute to forming a new digital culture of teachers and students. Their applying in the educational allows to make the educational space open.
NATIONAL PHYSICS OLYMPIADS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PARTICIPANTS AND PHYSICS TEACHERS
Authors: Belogrudova Ludmila , Dudareva Inese , Kashcheyevs Vyacheslavs , Voitkans Arnis 
Published: May 2021

The development of student's interests and skills is strategically important to foster their career choice in the field of science, technology and engineering, which is one of the goals of Latvia's National Development Plan for 2021-2027. Physics Olympiads can be used as one of the enrichment measures to supplement formal school teaching in raising student motivation and developing their skills and talents. We explore directions in which the existing system of Physics Olympiads can be improved, with the goals of reaching a wider audience of teachers and students and achieving further integration with the learning processes in schools. We have conducted a survey of physics teachers (NT=188), and participants (NP=486) of the second (county) stage of Latvian Physics Olympiad in January 2020. The aim of the survey was to find out: 1) What motivates students to participate and teachers to encourage participation in Physics Olympiads? 2) What resources are used for training? 3) What further support would students and teachers need for training for the Olympics? Based on the results of the survey, we propose specific measures to support teachers and students in their engagement with Physics Olympiads, report on the implementation progress, and give an outlook for the future.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSVERSAL SKILLS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL (CLASSES 1-3): CONTEXT OF LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Pelnēna Ivita , Medveckis Arturs 
Published: May 2021

The primary task of the 21st century education is not anymore to transfer continuous information, but the skill to acquire independently and learn this knowledge during lifetime. In the future, the development of transversal skills plays an important role in the educational process. Transversal skills, such as critical thinking and problem-solving, creativity and innovation, self-guided learning, cooperation, civic participation and digital literacy, are raised in the framework of Education Reform in Latvia (Skola 2030, 2017). The beginning of the learning process during the stage of primary school is an essential step in transversal skills acquisition, particularly emphasizing the impact of the Classes 1-3 stage, on the further learning process. According to the outcomes determined in the standard of primary education to be achieved, it is necessary to develop significantly transversal skills in this stage, as well as observe carefully the changes in children’s age development that affect the possibilities of transversal skills development.The goal of the research: analyse the development of transversal skills in primary school (Classes 1-3).Research method: content analysis of the education content regulating documents and scientific literature.
MARITIME EDUCATION IN LATVIA IN HISTORICAL ASPECT
Authors: Šimkuva Helēna 
Published: May 2021

Maritime education occupies an important place in the Latvian education system and has a history of more than 230 years. The aim of the article is to describe the historical development of maritime education in the territory of Latvia and to compare it with the experience of other countries in the field of maritime education. Comparative analysis of maritime education is one aspect of the novelty of the article. In order to conduct research, analyze and evaluate information on the history of the maritime education, the author conducted research in various directions. The methodological basis is formed by the conception of humanism which is implemented in the social constructionism theory approach. Research methods-1) the study, theoretical analysis and evaluation of scientific, methodological literature and different documents (Kennerley, 2002; Manuel,2017), 2) biographical method, content analysis of documents and biographies. s a result of the research, it has been possible to evaluate Latvian maritime education as an integrated and essential part of the maritime education system of European countries.
THE CONCEPT OF AN IDEAL PERSON IN WORKS OF ARISTOTLE
Authors: Makarevičs Valērijs , Iliško Dzintra 
Published: May 2021

The issue of a human person, and his/her development, and particularly in connection with a social sphere is extremely relevant for our times. In psychology, this issue has been developed through developmental periods, theories of personality identity and conditions that contribute to a self-actualization of an individual. In this regard, interest is how these ideas evolved in the process of cultural and historical development of humankind, how they were understood by previous generations of scientists and philosophers, how theoretical views of past generations are interpreted by the researchers of our time. This determined the objectives of this research. The authors applied the method of content analysis of the text with the aim to discover the concept of an ideal, or perfect person in works of Aristotle, to compare this concept with the corresponding views of Plato, to determine the influence of Aristotle's concept of an ideal person on modern theories of personality. The research method is a content analysis of works of Aristotle and research done by the authors that reflect a philosophical heritage of the Greek thinker. As for both, Plato and Aristotle, the soul is the basis of life and the source of human activity. For Plato the soul appears to be an indivisible and immortal entity, then for Aristotle it has its own structure. Human soul is capable of development and improvement. The main condition for improvement, according to Plato, are correct actions of a person from the point of view of law and public opinion. Aristotle believes that in this process, education and upbringing plays major attention. Aristotle's ideas today are being developed in a deep and humanistic psychology and developmental psychology.
THE CHALLENGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CONTEXT OF LITHUANIAN PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS' OPINIONS
Authors: Bilbokaitė-Skiauterienė Ieva , Bilbokaitė Renata 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the education system. Since Lithuania has declared the state-level emergency in February 2020, imposed by quarantine, the educational process was organized in a distance mode. Distance learning, namely, was a platform that pre-schools used to meet the learning needs of children. The aim of this article is to review pre-school teachers’ opinions about the challenges of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article describes the situation in Lithuanian pre-schools using distance learning during the lockdown. The authors analyse the main problems that pedagogues have faced with - lack of competence in the use of IT, poor support from management, inadequate material base, lack of time and teachers’ self-confidence, the low involvement of families.
BUSINESS’S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT THE POST-SOVIET AREA: FEATURES OF ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION’S SOCIAL SPHERE
Authors: Malei Alena , Afanasyeva Katsiaryna 
Published: May 2021

The global trend of developing the institute of social responsibility of businesses leads to the need to train specialists with new professional competences in the practical application of the concept of corporate social responsibility, taking into account the peculiarities of the social sphere of industrial organizations in the post-Soviet countries. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodical toolkit to assess the effectiveness of the management of the social sphere of industrial enterprises within the framework of the concept of corporate social responsibility. Methods of theoretical and empirical research, methodological techniques and approaches used in the analysis of the activities of enterprises by Western experts, as well as their modifications, allowing to take into account the specifics of the economic situation of the post-Soviet countries, were used as methodological tools. The article discusses the methodological features of assessing the effectiveness of an industrial organizations' social sphere within the framework of applying the CSR concept at the post-Soviet space. The authors propose a system for evaluating the effectiveness and forecasting the activity of the social sphere of industrial organizations in four key areas: social, economic, organizational, and technological efficiency, which meet the main targets of the activities of such entities. The authors have developed a new system of balanced indicators that allows to assess the efficiency of the functioning of cultural and recreational facilities that are on the balance sheet of industrial organizations, focusing on the interests of various parties: both external and internal stakeholders, based on the optimal ratio of economic benefit and social result. The new CSR procedure related to the integration of social reporting with the system of key performance indicators will allow monitoring the effectiveness of the industrial organizations' social sphere by aggregated indicators within the framework of management by goals and is a powerful tool for strategic planning of their activities.