bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bismuth layer‐structured ferroelectrics with non‐sheet‐like polyhedral microstructures
Authors: He Xiang , Chen Chen , Zeng Huarong , Li Yongxiang , Yang Qunbao , Yi Zhiguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBismuth layer‐structured ferroelectrics (BLSFs) are promising candidates for a variety of applications because of their high Curie temperature and environmentally benign nature as compared to their lead contained counterparts. Featured by the mica‐like grain growth habit and spontaneous polarization along crystallographic a‐b plane, it is difficult to obtain excellent ferroelectric properties for most of the BLSFs fabricated by the conventional ceramic route. Herein, a new approach is reported to obtain Bi2WO6 and Bi4Ti3O12 BLSF ceramics with non‐sheet‐like polyhedral microstructures. The intriguing ferroelectric hysteresis behavior, dielectric tunability, and domain structures are successfully observed. The Bi2WO6 ceramic with a unique single‐domain structure in each grain shows a typical ferroelectric polarization‐electric field hysteresis loop with a remnant polarization of ~17.8 μC cm−2 and a coercive field of ~43 kV cm−1. These values have never been obtained in Bi2WO6 ceramics with sheet‐like microstructure. The Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic with irregular‐shaped and curved tiny domains exhibits an antiferroelectric‐like behavior, which is significantly different from the reported Bi4Ti3O12 counterparts that have plate‐like anisotropic grains. The present study would stimulate microstructure design and property modulation for other layer‐structured materials.
Let God and Rawls be Friends: On the Cooperation between the Political Liberal Government and Religious Schools in Civic Education
Authors: Wong Baldwin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolitical liberals are primarily concerned with the roles played by the government and public schools in civic education. In policies related to religious schools, political liberals often use a strategy of regulation that aims to restrict religious schools. I argue that, although this strategy is effective in eliminating bad religious schools, it alone is unable to ensure that all (or most) reasonable citizens achieve full justification, which is a necessary condition for the stability of a just society. I, therefore, suggest that this strategy should be supplemented with a strategy of promotion. This strategy implies that a government should use policies, such as tax exemption, subsidy, national prize, and advertisement, to encourage good religious schools that teach students to reconcile religious beliefs and political ideas. While the government remains neutral and offers a citizenship curriculum that teaches political ideas, religious schools teach theological beliefs that provide students with comprehensive reasons to affirm political ideas. This division of labor facilitates students from different religious backgrounds to attain full justification. Religious schools have often been regarded as posing a threat to cultural balkanization. It is, however, an overlooked grain of truth that religious schools could be essential cornerstones of a stable liberal democracy.
SNHG12 promotes carcinogenesis of human renal cell cancer via functioning as a competing endogenous RNA and sponging miR‐30a‐3p
Authors: Yu Hongyuan , Liu Junlong , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Yuyan , Bi Jianbin , Kong Chuize 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) has been indicated in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of SNHG12 driving progression of ccRCC remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we discovered that SNHG12 is up‐regulated in ccRCC and that overexpression of SNHG12 predicted poor clinical outcome of ccRCC patients. SNHG12 knockdown notably inhibited proliferation and migration of RCC cells. Furthermore, we discovered that miR‐30a‐3p, a putative ccRCC inhibitor, was competitively sponged by SNHG12. Via the crosstalk network, SNHG12 was capable of up‐regulating multiple target genes of miR‐30a‐3p, namely, RUNX2, WNT2 and IGF‐1R, which have been identified to facilitate tumorigenesis of ccRCC. Taken together, our present study suggested a novel ceRNA network, in which SNHG12 could promote the malignancy of ccRCC although competitively binding with miR‐30a‐3p and consequently release the expression of its downstream cancer‐related genes.
lncRNA RPSAP52 induced the development of tongue squamous cell carcinomas via miR‐423‐5p/MYBL2
Authors: Wu Xiaozhen , Gong Zuode , Ma Long , Wang Qibao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrowing lncRNAs have been noted to involve in the initiation and development of several tumours including tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs). However, the biological role and mechanism of lncRNA RPSAP52 were not well‐explained. We indicated that RPSAP52 was higher in TSCC samples compared with that in control samples. The higher expression of RPSAP52 was positively correlated with higher T stage and TNM stage. Ectopic expression of RPSAP52 induced TSCC cell growth and cycle and induced cytokine secretion including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β and IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TGF‐β. We found that the overexpression of RPSAP52 suppressed miR‐423‐5p expression in SCC‐4 cell. miR‐423‐5p was lower in TSCC samples compared with that in control samples, and miR‐423‐5p level was negatively correlated with higher T stage and TNM stage. Pearson's correlation indicated that miR‐423‐5p was negatively associated with that of RPSAP52 in TSCC tissues. Furthermore, MYBL2 was one direct gene of miR‐423‐5p and elevated expression of miR‐423‐5p suppressed MYBL2 expression and ectopic expression of RPSAP52 increased MYBL2 expression in SCC‐4 cell. Finally, we illustrated that RPSAP52 overexpression promoted TSCC cell growth and cycle and induced cytokine secretion including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β and IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TGF‐β via modulating MYBL2. These data provided new insight into RPSAP52, which may be one potential treatment target for TSCC.
Molecular and morphological comparison of larvae and juveniles of five species of callionymids, with ontogenetic evidence on the monophyly of Repomucenus (Callionymidae)
Authors: Kim Jin‐Seok , Ji Hwan‐Sung , Kim Jin‐Koo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDragonet fishes (Callionymidae) are benthic inhabitants of shallow waters, even in tidal pools, down to depths below 900 m in all subtropical, tropical and temperate oceans. The family comprises 200 species in 20 genera worldwide, of which 18 species in 6 genera occur in Korea. Classification within the family Callionymidae has been controversial because of the differing proposals of Fricke and Nakabo (Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 1983). For example, Fricke suggested genus Repomucenus and Bathycallionymus, whose genera contains most callionymid species in Korean waters, as junior synonym of genus Callionymus while Nakabo (Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 1983) suggested as valid. In such cases, when classifications of adults have taxonomic contention, examination of larval characters may prove informative. Therefore, in this study, the authors conducted comprehensive molecular and morphological analyses on larvae and juveniles of five species in the genus Repomucenus and discussed their taxonomic status within the family Callionymidae. Larval and juvenile callionymids show high morphological similarities during their ontogenetic development. Nonetheless, the following morphological differences were observed in melanophore distribution and preopercular spine development: (a) stellate or punctate melanophores in Bathycallionymus kaianus vs. branched melanophores in genus Repomucenus, (b) melanophores on the abdominal cavity gradually disappearing in B. kaianus vs. gradually becoming prominent in Repomucenus and (c) preopercular spine development giving rise to one perpendicular spine in B. kaianus vs. two or three spines in Repomucenus. Molecular analysis based on 16S ribosomal RNA showed similar results to the morphological analysis. Genera Bathycallionymus and Repomucenus showed significant genetic distance (d = 0.113–0.120); moreover, genus Callionymus, which was suggested as a senior synonym of genus Bathycallionymus and Repomucenus by Fricke (Journal of Natural History, 2014, 48, 2419–2448), also showed considerable difference (d = 0.226–0.246). In the present study, the monophyly of genus Repomucenus seemed well supported by the results of morphological and molecular analyses of larval stage Callionymidae.
Variation in propofol induction doses administered to surgical patients over age 65
Authors: Schonberger Robert B. , Bardia Amit , Dai Feng , Michel George , Yanez David , Curtis Jeptha P. , Vaughn Michelle T. , Burg Matthew M. , Mathis Michael , Kheterpal Sachin , Akhtar Shamsuddin , Shah Nirav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAdvanced age is associated with increased susceptibility to acute adverse effects of propofol. The present study aimed to describe patterns of propofol dosing for induction of general anesthesia before endotracheal intubation in a nationwide sample of older adults presenting for surgery.DesignRetrospective observational study using the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group data set.SettingThirty‐six institutions across the United States.ParticipantsA total of 350,766 patients aged over 65 years who received propofol for general anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation between 2014 and 2018.InterventionNone.MeasurementsTotal induction bolus dose of propofol administered.ResultsThe mean (SD) weight‐adjusted propofol dose was 1.7 (0.6) mg/kg. The mean prevalent propofol induction dose exceeded the upper bound of what has been described as the typical geriatric dose requirement across every age category examined. The percent of patients receiving propofol induction doses above the described typical geriatric range was 64.8% (95% CI 64.6–65.0), varying from 73.8% among patients aged 65–69 to 45.8% among patients aged 80 and older.ConclusionThe present study of a large multicenter cohort demonstrates that prevalent propofol dosing commonly falls above the published typically required dose range for patients aged ≥65 in nationwide anesthetic practice. Widespread variability in induction dose administration remains incompletely explained by known patient variables. The nature and clinical consequences of these unexplained dosing decisions remain important topics for further study. Observed discordance between expected and actual induction dosing raises the question of whether there should be reconsideration of widespread provider practice or, alternatively, whether what is published as the typical propofol induction dose range should be revisited.
Insulin as a neuroendocrine hormone
Authors: Grattan David R. , Andrews Zane B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe year 2021 marks 100 years since the discovery of insulin and this Special Issue of theJournal of Neuroendocrinologywas conceived as a way to mark that historic breakthrough. The discovery of insulin and its subsequent use in the treatment of diabetes is one of the most striking success stories in biomedical research. From a neuroendocrinology perspective, the recognition that insulin also exerts widespread and varied actions in the brain is more recent, but potentially also of equal importance with relevance for conditions ranging from obesity to dementia. The reviews contained in this Special Issue were selected to cover the range of known actions of insulin in neuroendocrine function, and also to highlight areas where further understanding of insulin actions in the brain hold great promise for further improvements in human health.
The Sharing Economy and Business Model Design: A Configurational Approach
Authors: Jiang Feifei , Zheng Xiaoying , Fan Di , Zhang Pengxiang , Li Sali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid growth of the sharing economy has attracted a recent surge of academic interest. However, few studies to date address performance variation among sharing platforms. Building on the notion of business model design and applying a configurational approach, we develop a conceptual model that investigates what combinations of design elements can enhance the performance of sharing platforms. Data from 189 platforms and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) reveal six business model designs, each with its own performance implications. Of these, four configurations lead to high performance and two lead to low performance. Our study advances current understanding of the sharing economy and sheds important light on business model research.
The law in computation: What machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data mean for law and society scholarship
Authors: DoCarmo Tania , Rea Stephen , Conaway Evan , Emery John , Raval Noopur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComputational systems, including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics, are not only inescapable parts of social life but are also reshaping the contours of law and legal practice. We propose turning more law and social science (LSS) attention to new technological developments through the study of “law in computation,” that is, computational systems' integration with regulatory and administrative procedures, the sociotechnical infrastructures that support them, and their impact on how individuals and populations are interpellated through the law. We present a range of cases in three areas of inquiry ‐ algorithmic governance, jurisdiction and agency ‐ on issues such as immigration enforcement, data sovereignty, algorithmic warfare, biometric identity regimes, and gig economies, for which examining law in computation illuminates how new technological systems' integration with legal processes pushes the distinction between “law on the books” and “law in action” into new domains.We then propose future directions and methods for research. As computational systems become ever more sophisticated, understanding the law in computation is critical not only for LSS scholarship, but also for everyday civics.
A Second Chance: Reenactment and Recovery Narratives in a Peruvian Drug Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Silverstein Sydney M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe following article discusses a collaborative, reenactment film made with the residents of a drug rehabilitation center in Iquitos, Peru. In so doing, it raises questions about narratives of recovery from addiction, and the tensions that emerge between these narratives and the often‐ambivalent feelings of the people who tell them. Practices of filmmaking and reenactment generate a collaborative theorization of lived experience—in this case, the multifaceted natures of both addiction and recovery. At the same time, these practices are also attentive to the embodied memories and complex feelings of the film's actors. Further engagement with the filmic materials demonstrates how the film became an active exploration of the ongoing nature of recovery, complicating the therapeutic trajectories of a group of actors struggling to reconcile ambivalent feelings as they attempt to craft new narratives of self.
Disproportionality by sex in the prescription of drugs capable of inducing parkinsonism for the elderly: A survey using statistics of Japanese national health claims from 2014 to 2017
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Mano Tatsuo , Iwata Atsushi , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with older age and female sex are known to have increased risk of developing drug‐induced parkinsonism (DIP).AimBasic prescription patterns of drugs associated with a risk of causing DIP remain unclear, which we assessed in this study.MethodsUsing the publicly distributed data “NDB Open Data Japan,” the summary statistics of Japanese nationwide health claims, we calculated the disproportionality in prescriptions among men and women of different age groups to whom tablets/capsules were prescribed at the outpatient clinic from 2014 to 2017. Based on the 2‐by‐2 contingency table, we derived the odds ratio (OR) to identify which drug is more frequently prescribed to elderly (65 y/o) women than to men.ResultsAmong the calculated ORs of 18 generic DIP‐related drugs we investigated, sulpiride had the highest OR (3.85), followed by tiapride (OR = 2.47), olanzapine (OR = 2.43), and risperidone (OR = 2.27). Among all the drug products included in the database, sulpiride again showed a significantly high OR, which was higher than the 95th percentile of ORs of all 3604 products examined.ConclusionOur results showed that the distribution of sulpiride prescriptions is biased toward older females, who are more susceptible to develop DIP than males. Assuming the limited indication of sulpiride as the primary treatment option for depression or schizophrenia, a future study on why and how sulpiride is prescribed to the elderly female patients might aid in changing the prescription strategy of sulpiride, thereby possibly reducing the overall incidence of DIP in Japan.
Genomic insights into evolution of pathogenicity and resistance of multidrug‐resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica WM1
Authors: Wang Meng , Fan Yu , Liu Ping , Liu Yehua , Zhang Jianlei , Jiang Yan , Zhou Chunlei , Yang Lei , Wang Ce , Qian Chengqian , Yuan Chao , Zhang Si , Zhang Xiaohang , Yin Zhiqiu , Mu Hong , Du Yuhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRaoultella ornithinolytica is a poorly understood opportunistic pathogen, and the underlying mechanisms of its multidrug resistance and pathogenicity have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The multidrug‐resistant (MDR) strain WM1 was isolated from the blood of a male patient in Tianjin, China, in 2018. Here, we describe the complete genome and provide a genomic analysis of R. ornithinolytica WM1. The isolate was resistant to all tested antimicrobials except amikacin, tobramycin, and tigecycline. Two plasmids, pWM1‐1 (IncHI5) and pWM1‐2 (IncR), carried multidrug‐resistance regions. A large antimicrobial resistance island region resided on pWM1‐1 and exhibited mosaic structures resulting from the acquisition of complex integrations of variable regions, including genes conferring resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials. Moreover, WM1 possessed virulence‐related elements that encode several virulence factors, including type I fimbriae, Escherichia coli common pilus, type II and VI secretion systems, yersiniabactin, enterobactin, and surface polysaccharide, indicating pathogenic potential. Furthermore, the core genome phylogeny and pan‐genome analyses revealed extensive genetic diversity. Our analysis indicates the need for stringent infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, periodic resistance monitoring, and rational medication to address potential threats posed by MDR R. ornithinolytica strains.
Renal sympathetic denervation for the treatment of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias—ELECTRAM investigators
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Siddharth , Shah Kuldeep , Turagam Mohit K. , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionRenal sympathetic denervation (RSDN) is an alternate management approach for refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We aimed to perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes on the impact of RSDN on refractory VA patients.MethodsA systematic search without language restriction, using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 18, 2020, was performed for the studies that reported outcomes in patients who underwent RSDN for VA. The outcomes studied were—(1) recurrent VA; and (2) all‐cause mortality.ResultsFive studies (from 2014 to 2018) with a total of 51 VA patients met study inclusion criteria. The mean age was 61.92 ± 11.76 years, and 78.4% were men. The pooled incidence of short‐term (3 months or less) and long‐term (more than 3 months) VA recurrence was 63.85% (95% CI 16.75 to 99.32) and 10.52% (95% CI 0.14 to 28.75), respectively. When stratified by the number of VA episodes, there was a significant reduction in mean VA episodes (SMD ‐3.79, 95% CI ‐6.59 to ‐0.98, p < .01), ICD shocks (SMD ‐1.71, 95% CI ‐3.0 to ‐0.42, p < .01) and anti‐tachycardia pacing (SMD ‐1.21, 95% CI ‐1.98 to ‐0.44, p < .01) following RSDN denervation. The pooled incidence of all‐cause mortality after RSDN was 10.16% (95% CI 1.08 to 24.12). There were no major vascular complications, one minor vascular complication–small non‐flow limiting renal artery dissection (no intervention needed).ConclusionRSDN appears to be a safe and effective treatment strategy in patients with prior failed antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation for recurrent ventricular arrhythmia and electrical storm.
Growth‐phase dependent morphological alteration in higher plant thylakoid is accompanied by changes in both photodamage and repair rates
Authors: Nozue Hatsumi , Shigarami Takashi , Fukuda Shinji , Chino Takayuki , Saruta Ryouta , Shirai Kana , Nozue Masayuki , Kumazaki Shigeichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThylakoid membranes of young leaves consist of grana and stroma lamellae (stroma‐grana [SG] structure). The SG thylakoid is gradually converted into isolated grana (IG), almost lacking the stroma lamellae during growth. This morphological alteration was found to cause a reduction in maximum photosynthetic rate and an enhancement of photoinhibition in photosystem II (PSII). In situ microspectrometric measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in individual chloroplasts suggested an increase of the PSII/PSI ratio in IG thylakoids of mature leaves. Western blot analysis of isolated IG thylakoids showed relative increases in some PSII components, including the core protein (D1) and light‐harvesting components CP24 and Lhcb2. Notably, a nonphotochemical quenching‐related factor in the PSII supercomplex, PsbS, decreased by 40%. Changes in the high light response of PSII were detected through parameters of pulse‐amplitude modulation fluorometry. Chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime indicated an increase of fluorescence quantum yield in IG. A minimal photodamage‐repair rate analysis on a lincomycin treatment of the leaves indicated that repair rate constant of IG is slower than that of SG, while photodamage rate of IG is higher than that of SG. These results suggest that IG thylakoids are relatively sensitive to high light, which is not only due to a higher photodamage rate caused by some rearrangements of PS complexes, but also to the retarded PSII repair that may result from the lack of stroma lamellae. The IG thylakoids found among many plant species thus seem to be an adaptive form to low light environments, although their physiological roles still remain unclear.
Renewable Portfolio Standards: Do Voluntary Goals vs. Mandatory Standards Make a Difference?
Authors: Solomon Barry D. , Zhou Shan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research investigates whether an obligation to meet a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) target in U.S. states affects the policy effectiveness, which is defined as the RPS‐related renewable electricity capacity additions. A voluntary RPS target can serve as a political device for signaling commitment to certain goals, though there is no penalty if the goal is not met. Alternatively, mandatory RPS targets have varying stringency and uneven enforcement. Our results indicate that the compulsoriness of a state RPS is an insignificant determinant of RPS‐related renewable electricity capacity additions. Factors other than whether an RPS target or goal is compulsory are more important in influencing renewable electricity development, including policy stringency. If a state seeks a modest level of renewable electricity development, setting a voluntary goal can sometimes be effective and more efficient. Nonetheless, a mandatory RPS may be required to accomplish a more significant level of renewable electricity deployment.