bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for survival in patients with lung metastases from gynaecological tract cancers
Authors: Chiappetta Marco , Gallotta Valerio , Pogliani Luca , Zanfrini Edoardo , Fagotti Anna , Ferrandina Gabriella , Fanfani Francesco , Nachira Dania , Meacci Elisa , Congedo Maria Teresa , Lococo Filippo , Giudice Maria Teresa , Scambia Giovanni , Margaritora Stefano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESLung metastases from gynaecological tract cancers are rare, and prognostic factors are still undefined. The goal of this study was to analyse prognostic factors for survival in this group of patients.METHODSData of patients with lung metastases from gynaecological tract cancers who underwent surgical resections from 1 January 2005 to 31 May 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated surgically if the primitive tumour was under control and the lung was the only organ involved. Clinical and pathological data associated with metastatic patterns and previous treatment types were correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival using Kaplan–Meier curves, whereas the log-rank test was used to assess differences between subgroups.RESULTSThe analysis was conducted on 55 patients. OS was 65% at 5 years. With univariable analysis, age &gt;45 years (P = 0.022) and the absence of pleural infiltration (P = 0.001) were determined to be favourable prognostic factors. The 5-year OS was 69.9% versus 53.3% in patients with pleural involvement. Multivariable analysis confirmed the absence of pleural infiltration as a favourable independent prognostic factor; the hazard ratio was 0.06; the 95% confidence interval was 0.00–0.23 (P = 0.011).At univariable analysis, the absence of pleural infiltration was determined to be a favourable prognostic factor (P = 0.034) for disease-free survival. The numbers and dimensions of the metastases did not influence survival in these patients.In uterine cancers of endometrial or cervical origin, the presence of pleural infiltration (P = 0.001), lymph node involvement (P = 0.001) and young age (P = 0.044) were considered unfavourable prognostic factors for OS.CONCLUSIONSSurgical treatment in technically resectable gynaecological tract metastases may represent an important option. Pleural infiltration and lymph node metastases seem to be adverse prognostic factors.
How is the Theoretical Domains Framework applied in designing interventions to support healthcare practitioner behaviour change? A systematic review
Authors: Dyson Judith , Cowdell Fiona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The use of theory is recommended to support interventions to promote implementation of evidence-based practices. However, there are multiple models of behaviour change which can be complex and lack comprehensiveness and are therefore difficult to understand and operationalize. The Theoretical Domains Framework sought to address these problems by synthesizing 33 models of behaviour or behaviour change. Given that it is 15 years since the first publication of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), it is timely to reflect on how the framework has been applied in practice.

Objective
The objective of this review is to identify and narratively synthesize papers in which the TDF, (including frameworks that incorporate the TDF) have been used have been used to develop implementation interventions.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane databases using the terms: ‘theoretical domains framework*’ or TDF or Capability, Opportunity, Motivation to Behaviour (COM-B) or ‘behav* change wheel’ or ‘BCW’ AND implement* or improv* or quality or guideline* or intervention* or practice* or EBP or ‘evidence based practice’ and conducted citation and key author searches. The included papers were those that used any version of the TDF published from 2005 onwards. The included papers were subject to narrative synthesis.

Results
A total of 3540 papers were identified and 60 were included. Thirty-two papers reported intervention design only and 28 reported intervention design and testing. Despite over 3000 citations there has been limited application to the point of designing interventions to support the best practice. In particular use of the framework has not been tried or tested in non-western countries and barely used in non-primary or acute care settings. Authors have applied the framework to assess barriers and facilitators successfully but reporting of the process of selection of behaviour change techniques and intervention design thereafter was variable.

Conclusion
Despite over three thousand citations of the framework there has been limited application to the point of designing interventions to support best practice. The framework is barely used in non-western countries or beyond primary or acute care settings. A stated purpose of the framework was to make psychological theory accessible to researchers and practitioners alike; if this is to be fully achieved, further guidance is needed on the application of the framework beyond the point of assessment of barriers and facilitators.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) Method for Identification, Assay, and Estimation of Related Substances of Ivermectin Drug Substance
Authors: Wimalasinghe Rasangi M , Zhao Daoli , Wang Lin , Rustum Abu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Ivermectin is a potent semi-synthetic antiparasitic drug used in veterinary medicine. It is widely used for the treatment of parasites.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method for assay and identification of ivermectin including identification and estimation of its related substances in bulk drug substance batches of ivermectin.

Method
Ivermectin and its related substances were separated on an Ascentis Express C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm id, 2.7 µm particle size) maintained at 45°C (column temperature) on an HPLC system with gradient elution. The mobile phase was composed of water − acetonitrile (ACN; 50 + 50, v/v) as mobile phase A, and isopropanol − ACN (15 + 85, v/v) as mobile phase B. Analytes were detected with a detection wavelength of 252 nm and quantitated against an external reference standard of ivermectin with a quantitation limit of 0.1% of the target (analytical) concentration.

Results
The HPLC method was able to separate all analytes of interest by gradient elution within 25 min. The method was validated according to the guidelines described in the International Conference on Harmonization guideline Q2(R1).

Conclusions
The HPLC method for assay of ivermectin and estimation of its related substances was successfully developed, validated, and demonstrated to be accurate, robust, specific, and stability indicating.

Highlights
The performance of the HPLC method is significantly faster and possesses a higher degree of selectivity. Implementation of this method for routine analysis in QC laboratories would save significant time, resources and solvents.
Effects of roughage type on particle separation, rumination, fiber mat characteristics, in situ degradation, and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef steers
Authors: Lockard Catherine L , Lockard Caleb G , Smith Wyatt N , Karr Kendall J , Holland Ben P , Word Alyssa B , Foster Jamie L , Jennings Jenny S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P &lt; 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P &lt; 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P &lt; 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.
Interplay Between Oxytetracycline and the Homozygotekdr(L1014F) Resistance Genotype on Fecundity inAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Medjigbodo Adandé A , Sonounameto Eric G , Djihinto Oswald Y , Abbey Emmanuella , Salavi Esther B , Djossou Laurette , Badolo Athanase , Djogbénou Luc S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes has remained the major threat for vector control programs but the fitness effects conferred by these mechanisms are poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study aimed at testing the hypothesis that antibiotic oxytetracycline could have an interaction with insecticide resistance genotypes and consequently inhibit the fecundity in An. gambiae. Four strains of An. gambiae: Kisumu (susceptible), KisKdr (kdr (L1014F) resistant), AcerKis (ace-1 (G119S) resistant) and AcerKdrKis (both kdr (L1014F) and ace-1 (G119S) resistant) were used in this study. The different strains were allowed to bloodfeed on a rabbit previously treated with antibiotic oxytetracycline at a concentration of 39·10–5 M. Three days later, ovarian follicles were dissected from individual mosquito ovaries into physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) under a stereomicroscope and the eggs were counted. Fecundity was substantially lower in oxytetracycline-exposed KisKdr females when compared to that of the untreated individuals and oxytetracycline-exposed Kisumu females. The exposed AcerKis females displayed an increased fecundity compared to their nontreated counterparts whereas they had reduced fecundity compared to that of oxytetracycline-exposed Kisumu females. There was no substantial difference between the fecundity in the treated and untreated AcerKdrKis females. The oxytetracycline-exposed AcerKdrKis mosquitoes had an increased fecundity compared to that of the exposed Kisumu females. Our data indicate an indirect effect of oxytetracycline in reducing fecundity of An. gambiae mosquitoes carrying kdrR (L1014F) genotype. These findings could be useful for designing new integrated approaches for malaria vector control in endemic countries.
Evaluating the importance of wolverine habitat predictors using a machine learning method
Authors: Carroll Kathleen A , Hansen Andrew J , Inman Robert M , Lawrence Rick L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the conterminous United States, wolverines (Gulo gulo) occupy semi-isolated patches of subalpine habitats at naturally low densities. Determining how to model wolverine habitat, particularly across multiple scales, can contribute greatly to wolverine conservation efforts. We used the machine-learning algorithm random forest to determine how a novel analysis approach compared to the existing literature for future wolverine conservation efforts. We also determined how well a small suite of variables explained wolverine habitat use patterns at the second- and third-order selection scale by sex. We found that the importance of habitat covariates differed slightly by sex and selection scales. Snow water equivalent, distance to high-elevation talus, and latitude-adjusted elevation were the driving selective forces for wolverines across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem at both selection orders but performed better at the second order. Overall, our results indicate that wolverine habitat selection is, in large part, broadly explained by high-elevation structural features, and this confirms existing data. Our results suggest that for third-order analyses, additional fine-scale habitat data are necessary.
Disentangling the complex alpha taxonomy of Andean populations of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) from northern Patagonia: the need for extensive sampling in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Tammone Mauro N , Lacey Eileen A , Voglino Damián , Cuéllar Soto Erika , Pardiñas Ulyses F J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the Andean portion of northern Patagonia, populations of Ctenomys are found from low-elevation plains to high-elevation meadows and valleys. Despite their prevalence, the taxonomy of these subterranean rodents remains poorly resolved. Using genetic and morphological data obtained from museum specimens and animals collected in the field, we examined the taxonomy of Ctenomys from southwestern Mendoza Province, Argentina. Our analyses suggest the presence of at least five species of Ctenomys within the study area. The highest, innermost portion of the Andes is occupied by C. maulinus. To the east, the mountains and foothills are inhabited by two forms associated with the “mendocinus” and the “magellanicus” lineages, respectively. The former appears to be a local variant of C. emilianus, while the latter is sister to C. pontifex. Although C. pontifex was not encountered during our field sampling, it remains a valid species that likely is restricted to the isolated Valle Hermoso in westernmost Mendoza Province. In addition, we report an undescribed form from Las Leñas Valley that is associated with the “mendocinus” lineage. This complex alpha taxonomic scenario occurs within less than one degree of latitude, thereby highlighting the need to conduct detailed field collections to improve our knowledge of the systematics of Ctenomys.
Transcription factor MaMADS36 plays a central role in regulating banana fruit ripening
Authors: Liu Juhua , Liu Mengting , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Jing , Miao Hongxia , Wang Zhuo , Jia Caihong , Zhang Jianbin , Xu Biyu , Jin Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBananas are model fruits for studying starch conversion and climactericity. Starch degradation and ripening are two important biological processes that occur concomitantly in banana fruit. Ethylene biosynthesis and postharvest fruit ripening processes, i.e. starch degradation, fruit softening, and sugar accumulation, are highly correlated and thus could be controlled by a common regulatory switch. However, this switch has not been identified. In this study, we transformed red banana (Musa acuminata L.) with sense and anti-sense constructs of the MaMADS36 transcription factor gene (also MuMADS1, Ma05_g18560.1). Analysis of these lines showed that MaMADS36 interacts with 74 other proteins to form a co-expression network and could act as an important switch to regulate ethylene biosynthesis, starch degradation, softening, and sugar accumulation. Among these target genes, musa acuminata beta-amylase 9b (MaBAM9b, Ma05_t07800.1), which encodes a starch degradation enzyme, was selected to further investigate the regulatory mechanism of MaMADS36. Our findings revealed that MaMADS36 directly binds to the CA/T(r)G box of the MaBAM9b promoter to increase MaBAM9b transcription and, in turn, enzyme activity and starch degradation during ripening. These results will further our understanding of the fine regulatory mechanisms of MADS-box transcription factors in regulating fruit ripening, which can be applied to breeding programs to improve fruit shelf-life.
Chemical enrichment and radial migration in the Galactic disc – the origin of the [αFe] double sequence
Authors: Sharma Sanjib , Hayden Michael R , Bland-Hawthorn Joss 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The ([α/Fe], [Fe/H]) distribution of Milky Way stars shows at least two distinct sequences, which have traditionally been associated with the thin and thick disc components. The abundance distribution varies systematically with location R and |z| across the Galaxy. We reproduce this using an analytical chemodynamical model that includes the effects of radial migration and kinematic heating. Unlike some earlier models, our scheme does not require a distinct thick disc component emerging from a separate evolutionary path. The proposed model has a continuous star formation history and a continuous age velocity dispersion relation. Moreover, [α/Fe] is constant for stellar ages less than 8 Gyr, but increases sharply for older stars over a time-scale of 1.5 Gyr. The gap between the two sequences is due to this sharp transition. We show that the high-[α/Fe] sequence at the low-metallicity end is simply a pile-up of old stars, but towards the high-metallicity end, the age progressively decreases and stars have small birth radii. Our model successfully explains the uniformity of the locus of the high-[α/Fe] sequence across different locations. The low-[α/Fe] sequence contains stars with different birth radii that owes its existence to radial migration. For the low-[α/Fe] stars, angular momentum is anticorrelated with [Fe/H], while the opposite is true for high-[α/Fe] stars. We show that the later trend can be explained by the increase of circular velocity with time. If radial migration is not included, the model fails to generate the double sequence and instead shows only a single sequence. Our simple scheme has major advantages over earlier chemodynamical models, as we show.
3D MHD astrospheres: applications to IRC-10414 and Betelgeuse
Authors: Meyer D M-A , Mignone A , Petrov M , Scherer K , Velázquez P F , Boumis P 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A significative fraction of all massive stars in the Milky Way move supersonically through their local interstellar medium (ISM), producing bow shock nebulae by wind-ISM interaction. The stability of these observed astrospheres around cool massive stars challenges precedent 2D (magneto-)hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of their surroundings. We present 3D MHD simulations of the circumstellar medium of runaway M-type red supergiant stars moving with velocity $v_{\star }=50\, \rm km\, \rm s^{-1}$. We treat the stellar wind with a Parker spiral and assume a $7\, \rm \mu G$ magnetization of the ISM. Our free parameter is the angle θmag between ISM flow and magnetization, taken to 0°, 45°, and 90°. It is found that simulation dimension, coordinate systems, and grid effects can greatly affect the development of the modelled astrospheres. Nevertheless, as soon as the ISM flow and magnetization directions differs by more than a few degrees (θmag ≥ 5°), the bow shock is stabilized, most clumpiness and ragged structures vanishing. The complex shape of the bow shocks induce important projection effects, e.g. at optical H α line, producing complex of astrospheric morphologies. We speculate that those effects are also at work around earlier-type massive stars, which would explain their diversity of their observed arc-like nebula around runaway OB stars. Our 3D MHD models are fitting well observations of the astrospheres of several runaway red supergiant stars. The results interpret the smoothed astrosphere of IRC-10414 and Betelgeuse (αOri) are stabilized by an organized non-parallel ambient magnetic field. Our findings suggest that IRC-10414 is currently in a steady state of its evolution, and that Betelgeuse’s bar is of interstellar origin.
Rise and fall of post-starburst galaxies in Magneticum Pathfinder
Authors: Lotz Marcel , Dolag Klaus , Remus Rhea-Silvia , Burkert Andreas 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Post-starburst (PSB) galaxies belong to a short-lived transition population between star-forming (SF) and quiescent galaxies. Deciphering their heavily discussed evolutionary pathways is paramount to understanding galaxy evolution. We aim to determine the dominant mechanisms governing PSB evolution in both the field and in galaxy clusters. Using the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite Magneticum Pathfinder, we identify 647 PSBs with z ∼ 0 stellar mass $M_* \ge 5 \times 10^{10} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ . We track their galactic evolution, merger history, and black hole activity over a time-span of $3.6\,$ Gyr. Additionally, we study cluster PSBs identified at different redshifts and cluster masses. Independent of environment and redshift, we find that PSBs, like SF galaxies, have frequent mergers. At z = 0, $89{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of PSBs have experienced mergers and $65{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ had at least one major merger within the last $2.5\,$ Gyr, leading to strong star formation episodes. In fact, $23{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of z = 0 PSBs were rejuvenated during their starburst. Following the mergers, field PSBs are generally shutdown via a strong increase in active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback (power output $P_{\rm AGN,PSB} \ge 10^{56}\,$ erg Myr−1). We find agreement with observations for both stellar mass functions and z = 0.9 line-of-sight phase space distributions of PSBs in galaxy clusters. Finally, we find that z ≲ 0.5 cluster PSBs are predominantly infalling, especially in high-mass clusters and show no signs of enhanced AGN activity. Thus, we conclude that the majority of cluster PSBs are shutdown via an environmental quenching mechanism such as ram-pressure stripping, while field PSBs are mainly quenched by AGN feedback.
Ionizing photon production of Population III stars: effects of rotation, convection, and initial mass function
Authors: Murphy Laura J , Groh Jose H , Farrell Eoin , Meynet Georges , Ekström Sylvia , Tsiatsiou Sophie , Hackett Alexander , Martinet Söbastien 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The first stars are thought to be one of the dominant sources of hydrogen reionization in the early Universe, with their high luminosities and surface temperatures expected to drive high ionizing photon production rates. In this work, we take our Geneva stellar evolution models of zero-metallicity stars and predict their production rates of photons capable to ionize H, He i, and He ii, based on a blackbody approximation. We present analytical fits in the range 1.7–500 $\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. We then explore the impact of stellar initial mass, rotation, and convective overshooting for individual stars. We have found that ionizing photon production rates increase with increasing initial mass. For the rotational velocities considered we see changes of up to 25 per cent to ionizing photons produced. This varies with initial mass and ionizing photon species and reflects changes to surface properties due to rotation. We have also found that higher convective overshooting increases ionizing photon production by approximately 20 per cent for the change in overshooting considered here. For stellar populations, we explore how the production of ionizing photons varies as a function of the initial mass function (IMF) slope, and minimum and maximum initial masses. For a fixed population mass we have found changes of the order of 20–30 per cent through varying the nature of the IMF. This work presents ionizing photon production predictions for the most up to date Geneva stellar evolution models of Population III stars, and provides insight into how key evolutionary parameters impact the contribution of the first stars to reionization.