bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinations of slow-translating codon clusters can increase mRNA half-life in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sharma Ajeet K. , Venezian Johannes , Shiber Ayala , Kramer Günter , Bukau Bernd , O’Brien Edward P. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The rate of messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation influences the amount of protein produced from a gene. Ribosome queues at slow-translating codons promote mRNA degradation by recruiting ribosome-associated quality control machinery. The influence of multiple slow-codon clusters on mRNA half-lives is unknown, despite the majority of transcripts being composed of such clusters. Here, we find that the slow-codon cluster nearest to the start codon is the primary determinant of mRNA half-life and that introducing a second slow-codon cluster near the start codon can increase mRNA half-life by suppressing ribosome queues at subsequent slow-codon clusters along the transcript. Thus, slow codon clusters have synergistic effects on mRNA half-lives, and our modeling approach provides a framework for understanding differential degradation rates between transcripts.
Tissue compartmentalization enablesSalmonellapersistence during chemotherapy
Authors: Li Jiagui , Claudi Beatrice , Fanous Joseph , Chicherova Natalia , Cianfanelli Francesca Romana , Campbell Robert A. A. , Bumann Dirk 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceSome infections are exceedingly difficult to cure, even with adequate antimicrobial chemotherapy. How pathogens can survive exposure to antimicrobials in tissues remains poorly understood. Using three-dimensional whole-organ tomography, we show thatSalmonellacolonization of the mouse spleen is uneven. LowSalmonelladensity in the white pulp triggers only limited local infiltration by inflammatory cells that are crucial for supporting antimicrobialSalmonellaclearance. Inflammatory cell density declines further during treatment in response to recedingSalmonellaloads, resulting in insufficient support for clearance and eradication failure. However, sustaining inflammation during antimicrobial chemotherapy enables effective clearance. Our findings identify heterogeneous host–pathogen interactions in compartmentalized tissues as a main mechanism underlying the antibiotic persistence ofSalmonella.
Invasion genomics uncover contrasting scenarios of genetic diversity in a widespread marine invader
Authors: Jaspers Cornelia , Ehrlich Moritz , Pujolar José Martin , Künzel Sven , Bayer Till , Limborg Morten T. , Lombard Fabien , Browne William E. , Stefanova Kremena , Reusch Thorsten B. H. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
A central goal in invasion genomics is to identify and determine the mechanisms that underlie the successful colonization, establishment, and subsequent range expansion of invasive populations of nonindigenous species. Using a whole-genome approach, we evaluate the importance of genetic diversity for the successful establishment of nonindigenous species. Our study shows that genetic diversity per se is not the major factor driving invasions, since we observed all possible scenarios with invasive populations showing reduced, similar but also increased, genetic diversity relative to the native population. Using coalescent methods, we reconstruct the demographic history of the invasion and infer the source population of each invasion event, which shows that propagule pressure and multiple introductions play an important role in determining invasion success.
Estudiantes de ELE en el ámbito universitario de la Economía
Authors: Pérez Cañizares Pilar , Martínez Martínez Inmaculada , Schnitzer Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Con el objetivo de crear en los estudiantes de español de la Universidad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de Viena
(Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien) una conciencia sobre sus preferencias y modos de aprender y promover así su autonomía, se
realizó un estudio para establecer sus perfiles de aprendizaje. Para ello, se adaptó al alemán el cuestionario CHAEA (Alonso et al., 1994) y se diseñó una encuesta digital. Tras una fase de pilotaje, un panel de cinco
expertos revisó la traducción al alemán. En la recogida de datos se consiguió una muestra altamente significativa: 198 de un total de 744
estudiantes (26,6%). Los resultados muestran que entre los estudiantes de empresariales predominan básicamente dos perfiles de aprendizaje
opuestos: la correlación de los estilos reflexivo-teórico y la correlación activo-pragmático. Esta dicotomía contrasta con los resultados de
otras poblaciones y apunta a que los aprendientes podrían obtener beneficio de cualquier situación de aprendizaje, puesto que poseen
estrategias de todos los estilos de aprendizaje.
Ovipleistophora mirandellae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ovipleistophora mirandellae
, a parasite of various freshwater fish, and as such is found in the same habitats (large lakes, and medium to large rivers, etc.) as its hosts. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany)).
Pleistophora littoralis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pleistophora littoralis
, one of only 2 microsporidians recorded from
Lipophrys pholis
, the shanny, or smooth or common blenny, a North Atlantic fish of the order Blenniiformes. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (UK)) and host (
Lipophrys pholis
).
Pleistophora senegalensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pleistophora senegalensis
, the only microsporidian recorded from
Sparus aurata
, the gilt-head seabream, a North Atlantic fish of the order Perciformes. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Senegal)) and host (
Sparus aurata
).
Auricularia auricula-judae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Soliman G. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Auricularia auricula-judae
, found on dead branches of
Sambucus nigra
. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Hainan, Hong Kong, Manchuria, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Altai Republic, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Republic of Sakha, Sakhalin Oblast,, Singapore, Korea Republic, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Islas Canarias), Australasia (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, New Zealand), Caribbean (American Virgin Islands, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama), Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Belgorod Oblast, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Republic of Adygea, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), Indian Ocean (Mauritius), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia, Guam, Norfolk Island, USA, Hawaii), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela)) and host (
S. nigra
).
Fomes fomentarius
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Soliman G. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fomes fomentarius
. Sporophores of this fungus are found on both living and dead trees, where the fungus causes a decay of heartwood. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (São Tomé and Principe, Somalia, Tunisia), Asia (Azerbaijan, China (Hong Kong), Cyprus, Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Akmola, Aktobe, Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, South Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan), Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Buryatia, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Sakha Republic, Sakhalin Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai), South Korea, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan), Central America (Panama), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Komi Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Republic of Karelia, Saratov Oblast, Voronezh Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan), USA (Alabama, Alaska, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)), South America (Brazil (Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina), Chile)).
Low cost, contamination-free, and damage-free fabrication of PZT MEMS on SOI substrate
Authors: Tiwari Sudhanshu , Kumar Randhir , Dangi Ajay , Antony Jeyaseelan A , Dutta Soma , Pratap Rudra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a generalised process flow for the fabrication of lead zirconate titanate based piezoelectric micro electromechanical system devices. The optimised process can be used to realise several devices with different 1D and 2D geometries on a single wafer. All the state-of-the-art fabrication methods introduce some damage to the active piezoelectric material. This damage entails the need for an additional step of recovery anneal in the fabrication process. Our process was designed and optimised to avoid any such damage to the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) layer. Remnant polarisation and effective transverse piezoelectric coefficient (e
31, f
) were used as metrics to quantify the damage to the PZT layer. It is shown that our process does not damage the PZT thin film during the fabrication, and hence no recovery anneal is required. We observe a ∼3× improvement in remnant polarisation and ∼2× improvement in e
31, f
of PZT thin film compared to the PZT thin film subjected to our previous fabrication process. Moreover, the process explained here uses only wet chemical methods for patterning of contaminating agents (PZT and platinum), making it a cost-effective process.
Multi-wavelength 128 Gbit s−1
λ
−1 PAM4 optical transmission enabled by a 100 GHz quantum dot mode-locked optical frequency comb
Authors: Pan Shujie , Zhang Hongguang , Liu Zizhuo , Liao Mengya , Tang Mingchu , Wu Dingyi , Hu Xiao , Yan Jie , Wang Lei , Guo Mingchen , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Smowton Peter M , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun , Xiao Xi , Chen Siming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor mode-locked lasers (MLLs) with extremely high repetition rates are promising optical frequency comb (OFC) sources for their usage as compact, high-efficiency, and low-cost light sources in high-speed dense wavelength-division multiplexing transmissions. The fully exploited conventional C- and L- bands require the research on O-band to fulfil the transmission capacity of the current photonic networks. In this work, we present a passive two-section InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot (QD) MLL-based OFC with a fundamental repetition rate of ∼100 GHz operating at O-band wavelength range. The specially designed device favours the generation of nearly Fourier-transform-limited pulses in the entire test range by only pumping the gain section while with the absorber unbiased. The typical integrated relative intensity noise of the whole spectrum and a single tone are −152 and −137 dB Hz−1 in the range of 100 MHz–10 GHz, respectively. Back-to-back data transmissions for seven selected tones have been realised by employing a 64 Gbaud four-level pulse amplitude modulation format. The demonstrated performance shows the feasibility of the InAs QD MLLs as a simple structure, easy operation, and low power consumption OFC sources for high-speed fibre-optic communications.
Effects of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on magnetic dynamics
Authors: Shen Maokang , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Yue , Yang Xiaofei , Chen Shi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the “Beyond Moore” era, the information device is expected to exhibit advantages including small sizes, high processing speed, and low power and dissipation. The novel magnetic information device with these advantages is made of heavy metal(HM)/ferromagnet (FM) composite. Owing to the asymmetric structure, the anisotropic exchange coupling named the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI) is generated at the HM/FM interface. This iDMI influences the magnetic dynamics including ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), spin wave, and the motion of chiral DWs. These magnetic dynamic behaviors are the bases of the functions of novel magnetic information devices. Therefore, the influence of iDMI on the magnetic dynamics has attracted wide attention in recent years. In this topical review, we give a detailed introduction and discussion about recent investigation on the iDMI-relevant magnetic dynamics of the HM/FM bilayer system. This review consists of five sections: (1). the introduction about the background, the basic theory of magnetic dynamics and DMI; (2). the review about the effect of iDMI on the propagation of spin wave. Owing to the iDMI, the dispersion relationship of spin wave is asymmetric. This not only offers a precise method for measuring the iDMI constant, but also gives rise to potential application for novel magnonic devices. (3). the review about the effect of iDMI on the FMR. Unique iDMI-relevant mode was observed in the FMR spectra owing to the nonparallel alignment of magnetic moments. (4). the review about the motion of DWs with chiral structure due to iDMI. The iDMI plays a fundamental role in the high velocity of the chiral DWs. Meanwhile, the iDMI results in the tilting of DW plane, and the mechanism has been widely investigated. The tilting of the DW plane may be depressed by the interlayer exchange coupling. (5). finally, we summarize the review and give an outlook.
Modulation of strain on electronic structure and contact type of BP/SnS van der waals heterostructure
Authors: Chen Jia-Le , Du Jing-Xue , Yang Jing , Shi Li-Jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) composed of two monolayer (ML) materials can provide new opportunities for layered electronic devices. Here we present a detailed theoretical investigation about the electronic properties of BP/SnS vdWH by applying in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strains. Our first principles calculations suggest that the direct bandgap of BP/SnS vdWH can be maintained within a large range of uniaxial and biaxial strains. We also find that the bandgap, band alignment and contact type of BP/SnS vdWH can be tuned by uniaxial and biaxial strains. In addition, the Poisson’s ratio exhibits an intense anisotropy with respect to the uniaxial strain along zigzag (ZZ) and armchair directions. The easily tunable electronic properties and highly anisotropic character of BP/SnS vdWH make it to be a promising material in the field of photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, and other functional nano devices.
Control of electrostatic self-assembly seeding of diamond nanoparticles on carbon nanowalls
Authors: Huang Lei , Wu Xiangqing , Hijiya Ryota , Teii Kungen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Seeding of diamond nanoparticles on vertically-aligned multi-layer graphene, the so-called carbon nanowalls (CNWs), is studied by using deionized water, ethylene glycol, ethanol, and formamide as dispersion mediums. Detonation nanodiamond particles show the smallest mean size and size distribution with a high positive zeta potential when dispersed in ethanol. The contact angle of ethanol on CNWs is almost zero degree, confirming highly wetting behaviour. The diamond nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol are distributed the most uniformly with minimal aggregation on CNWs as opposed to those dispersed in other liquids. The resulting diamond nanoparticle-seeded CNWs, followed by short-term growth in microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, show a marked decrease in field emission turn-on field down to 1.3 V μm−1 together with a large increase in current density, compared to bare CNWs without diamond seeding. The results provide a way to control the density, size, and uniformity (spacing) of diamond nanoparticles on CNWs and should be applied to fabricate hybrid materials and devices using nanodiamond and nanocarbons.
2D multifunctional SiAs2/GeAs2 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Feng Leihao , Zhang Xi , Zheng Quan , Nie Ya , Xiang Gang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) SiAs2/GeAs2 van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) and its applications are investigated by combing first-principles calculations and Silvaco Atlas simulations. The stable SiAs2/GeAs2 vdWH exhibits an indirect bandgap of 0.99 eV in type II band alignment for light detection and energy harvesting. The vdWH can exhibit a direct bandgap up to 0.66 eV by applying an appropriate electric field (E

ext
). Due to the E

ext
induced charge redistribution, its band alignment can be transformed from type II to type I for light-emitting. Further simulation shows that the band alignment of SiAs2/GeAs2 vdWH can be tuned back and forth between type II and type I by gate voltage in a single field-effect transistor for multiple functional applications. These results may be useful for applications of the SiAs2/GeAs2 heterostructure in future electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Exfoliating silica bilayers via intercalation at the silica/transition metal interface
Authors: Wang Mengen , Boscoboinik J Anibal , Lu Deyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The growth of the silica (SiO2) bilayer (BL) films on transition metal (TM) surfaces creates a new class of two-dimensional (2D) crystalline, self-contained materials that interact weakly with the TM substrate. The BL-silica/TM heterojunction has shown unique physical and chemical properties that can lead to new chemical reaction mechanisms under the sub-nm confinement and broad potential applications ranging from surface protection, nano transistors, molecular sieves to nuclear waste removal. Novel applications of BL-silica can be further explored as a constituent of van der Waals assembly of 2D materials. Key to these applications is an unmet technical challenge to exfoliate and transfer BL-silica films in a large area from one substrate to another without material damage. In this study, we propose a new exfoliation mechanism based on gas molecule intercalation from density functional theory studies of the BL-silica/TM heterojunction. We found that the intercalation of O atoms and CO molecules at the BL-silica/TM interface weakens the BL-silica—TM hybridization, which results in an exponential decrease of the exfoliation energy against the interface distance as the coverage of interfacial species increases. This new intercalation mechanism opens up the opportunity for non-damaging exfoliation and transfer of large area silica bilayers.
Asymptotics of the Hausdorff dimensions of the Julia sets of McMullen maps with error bounds*
Authors: Lu Hongbin , Qiu Weiyuan , Yang Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For McMullen maps f

λ
(z) = z

p
+ λ/z

p
, where

λ
∈
C
\

{

0

}

, it is known that if p ⩾ 3 and λ is small enough, then the Julia set J(f

λ
) of f

λ
is a Cantor set of circles. In this paper we show that the Hausdorff dimension of J(f

λ
) has the following asymptotic behavior

dim

H

J

(

f

λ

)

=
1
+

log

2

log

p

+
O

(

|
λ

|

2
−
4
/
p

)

,

as

λ
→
0
.

An explicit error estimation of the remainder is also obtained. We also observe a ‘dimension paradox’ for the Julia set of Cantor set of circles.
Relay interlayer synchronisation: invariance and stability conditions
Authors: Rakshit Sarbendu , Parastesh Fatemeh , Nag Chowdhury Sayantan , Jafari Sajad , Kurths Jürgen , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the existence (invariance) and stability (locally and globally) of relay interlayer synchronisation (RIS) are investigated in a chain of multiplex networks. The local dynamics of the nodes in the symmetric positions layers on both sides of the non-identical middlemost layer(s) are identical. The local and global stability conditions for this synchronisation state are analytically derived based on the master stability function approach and by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, respectively. We propose an appropriate demultiplexing process for the existence of the RIS state. Then the variational equation transverse to the RIS manifold for demultiplexed networks is derived. In numerical simulations, the impact of interlayer and intralayer coupling strengths, variations of the system parameter in the relay layers and demultiplexing on the emergence of RIS in triplex and pentaplex networks are explored. Interestingly, in this multiplex network, enhancement of RIS is observed when a type of impurity via parameter mismatch in the local dynamics of the nodes is introduced in the middlemost layer. A common time-lag with small amplitude shift between the symmetric positions and central layers plays an important role for the enhancing of relay interlayer synchrony. This analysis improves our understanding of synchronisation states in multiplex networks with nonidentical layers.