bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in wastewater samples by mass spectrometry
Authors: Lara-Jacobo Linda , Islam Golam , Desaulniers Jean-Paul , Kirkwood Andrea , Simmons Denina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. COVID-19 is produced by a novel β-coronavirus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. Several studies have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine, feces, and other biofluids from both symptomatic and asymptomatic people with COVID-19 [2], suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in human wastewater [3]. Thus, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is now used as an approach to monitor COVID-19 prevalence in many different places around the world [4-10]. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the most common SARS-CoV-2 detection method in WBE, but there are other methods for viral biomolecule detection that could work as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in untreated wastewater (WW) influents collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), from Durham Region, Ontario, Canada, using a LC-MS/MS-based proteomics approach. We identified many SARS-CoV-2 proteins in these wastewater samples, with peptides from pp1ab being the most consistently detected and with consistent abundance.
RGD-Modified Multifunctional Nanoparticles Encapsulating Salvianolic Acid A for Targeted Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhang Junxiu , Zhu Jingyi , Zhao Lingzhou , Mao Ke , Gu Qing , Li Dongli , Zhao Jinhua , Wu Xingwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The development of alternative anti-angiogenesis therapy for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) remains a great challenge. Nanoparticle systems have emerged as a new form of drug delivery in ocular diseases. Here, we report the construction and characterization of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a vehicle to load antioxidant salvianolic acid A (SAA) for targeted anti-angiogenesis therapy of CNV. In this study, PEI was consecutively modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated RGD segments, 3-(4’-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid-Osu (HPAO), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI), followed by acetylation of the remaining PEI surface amines to generate the multifunctional PEI vehicle PEI.NHAc-FI-HPAO-(PEG-RGD) (for short, RGD-PEI). The formed RGD-PEI was utilized as an effective vehicle platform to load SAA. Results: We showed that RGD-PEI/SAA complexes displayed desirable water dispersibility, low cytotoxicity, and sustainable release of SAA under different pH conditions. It could be specifically taken up by ɑvβ5 integrin receptors expressing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro and selectively accumulated in CNV lesions in vivo. Moreover, the complexes displayed specific therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of laser induced CNV, and the slow elimination of the complexes in the vitreous cavity was verified by SPECT imaging after 131I radiolabeling. The histological examinations further confimed the biocompatibility of RGD-PEI/SAA.Conclusions: The results suggest that the designed RGD-PEI/SAA complexes may be a potential alternative anti-angiogenesis therapy for posterior ocular neovascular diseases.
High miR-93 Expression Predicts Good Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Liu Yan , Cui Longzhen , Fu Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of microRNA-93 (miR-93) predicted worse outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer patients, yet the prognostic role of miR-93 in AML is still unclear.Methods: To further verify the prognostic significance of miR-93, the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) was screened and 161 AML patients with miR-93 expression information were included in our study.Results: Compared with the patients who received chemotherapy alone with lower miR-93 expression, those with higher miR-93 expression had significantly longer event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of miR-93 was no association with either EFS or OS in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high miR-93 expression was an independent favorable factor for EFS and OS in AML patients only receiving chemotherapy (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: our study proved that high miR-93 expression could predict favorable prognosis in AML, but its prognostic effect could be overcome by allo-HSCT.
A Highly Sensitive Sensor of Methane and Hydrogen in Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Liu Hai , Wu Bo , Zhang Xu , Zhao Ben lei , Zhang Han chen , Tang Shou feng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A tellurite photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor structure is proposed for simultaneous measurements of the methane and hydrogen. The structure is a simple hexagonal three-cladding structure, and six air holes in the inner cladding are coated with methane-sensitive film and hydrogen-sensitive film respectively. Based on the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) theory, the direct relationship between the wavelength shifts of Stokes spectrum or anti-Stokes spectrum and the variations of gas concentration can be established to realize the accurate detection of gas concentration. The influences of pump wavelength and gas-sensitive film thickness on the gas sensitivity are investigated, and the maximum sensitivity of methane and hydrogen after parameter optimization are -2.052nm/% and -0.236nm/%, respectively. The linearity of the fitting can reach up to 99.95%, and the low detection limit of methane is 450ppm and hydrogen is 2500ppm. The sensing method based on four-wave mixing in non-silica photonic crystal fiber also can be extended to other detections of gas-mixture in the mid-infrared field.
Electrochemical Degradation of Amoxicillin in Acidic Aqueous Medium Using TiO2-Based Electrodes Modified by Oxides of Transition Metals
Authors: Martínez Jaxiry Shamara Barroso , González Antonia Sandoval , López Mónica Cerro , Ayala Fabricio Espejel , Mijangos Jesús Cárdenas , Reséndez José de Jesús Treviño , Vöng Yunny Meas , Rocha Juan Manríquez , Bustos Erika Bustos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the most widely used antibiotics is amoxicillin (AMX), which is the most widely used in humans and animals, but it is discharged metabolically due to its indigestibility. Conventional biological and physicochemical methods for removing AMX from water are not enough to mineralize it, only it is concentrated and transferred to produce new residues that require further processing to remove the new residues.In this research, naked and modified surfaces with TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2,nt) electrophoretically modified with PbO2, IrO2, RuO2, and Ta2O5 were used to evaluate their efficiency in the electrochemical degradation of AMX in acid media (0.1 mol L− 1 H2SO4). After their comparison, Pb-Ta 50:50|TiO2,nt|Ti showed the highest removal efficiency of AMX (44.71 %) with the lowest specific energy consumption (8.69 ± 0.78 kWh Kg COD− 1), and the average instant current efficiency of 26.67 ± 9.19 %, in comparison with the others naked and modified surfaces of TiO2,nt|Ti.
Fog Computing Application of Cyber-Physical Models of IoT Devices with Symbolic Approximation Algorithms
Authors: Choi Deok-Kee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smart manufacturing systems transmit out streaming data from IoT devices to cloud computing; however, this could bring about several disadvantages such as high latency, immobility, and high bandwidth usage, etc. As for streaming data generated in many IoT devices, to avoid a long path from the devices to cloud computing, Fog computing has drawn in manufacturing recently much attention. This may allow IoT devices to utilize the closer resource without heavily depending on cloud computing. In this research, we set up a three-blade fan as IoT device used in manufacturing system with an accelerometer installed and analyzed the sensor data through cyber-physical models based on machine learning and streaming data analytics at Fog computing. Most of the previous studies on the similar subject are of pre-processed data open to public on the Internet, not with real-world data. Thus, studies using real-world sensor data are rarely found. A symbolic approximation algorithm is a combination of the dictionary-based algorithm of symbolic approximation algorithms and term-frequency inverse document frequency algorithm to approximate the time-series signal of sensors. We closely followed the Bayesian approach to clarify the whole procedure in a logical order. In order to monitor a fan's state in real time, we employed five different cyber-physical models, among which the symbolic approximation algorithm resulted in about 98% accuracy at a 95% confidence level with correctly classifying the current state of the fan. Furthermore, we have run statistical rigor tests on both experimental data and the simulation results through executing the post-hoc analysis. By implementing micro-intelligence with a trained cyber-physical model unto an individual IoT device through Fog computing we may alienate significant amount of load on cloud computing; thus, with saving cost on managing cloud computing facility. We would expect that this framework to be utilized for various IoT devices of smart manufacturing systems.
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction to Intravitreal Bevacizumab: A Case Report
Authors: Burridge Samuel , Stratton Richard , Asaria Riaz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTo present a case of systemic inflammatory reaction, with associated pleural and pericardial effusions, following intravitreal bevacizumab for retinal macroaneurysm. Case presentationA 73 year old female was commenced on monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections for right eye macroaneurysm and associated macular oedema. Eight days following her third injection, the patient was admitted to hospital with a history of fever, rigors, arthralgia and vomiting. Admission blood tests demonstrated mild thrombocytopaenia and raised inflammatory markers. A CT chest revealed small pericardial and pleural effusions. The patient improved without treatment and was later discharged from hospital. As intravitreal bevacizumab treatment continued, the patient developed two further episodes of fever and vomiting, with both episodes occurring approximately nine days following each injection. The patient then underwent outpatient medical review by infectious disease and rheumatology specialists, at which time the recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation were diagnosed as secondary to intravitreal bevacizumab.ConclusionsThough rare, patients can develop serious and potentially life-threatening systemic adverse effects from intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. Ophthalmologists should always enquire about systemic side effects; in this way, adverse effects may be recognised sooner and a change or cessation of therapy considered.
Adjustable Robust Optimization for Multi-Period Water Allocation in Droughts under Uncertainty
Authors: Shuai Yuhong , Yao Liming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Optimal, rational water resource allocation can go some way to overcoming water deficiencies; however, its achievement is complex due to conflicting hierarchies and uncertainties, such as water availability (WA) and water demand (WD). This study developed a robust water withdrawal scheme for arid and semi-arid regions that balanced the trade-offs between the sub-areas and water use participants, ensured sustainable regional system development, and guaranteed robust solutions for future uncertainties. A bi-level affinely adjustable robust counterpart (AARC) programming framework was developed, in which the regional authority as the leader allocates water to the sub-areas to maximize the intra- and intergenerational equity, and the sub-areas as the followers allocate water to their respective water departments to maximize their economic benefits and minimize water shortages. This method used affine functions between the decision variables (water allocation amount) and the uncertain parameters (WA, WD) to deal with the computationally intractable (NP-hard) robust counterpart for the multi-period water resources management. To illustrate the applicability and feasibility of this framework, a case study from Neijiang, China, is given. This model can assist regional authorities develop more robust water resource allocation solutions for multi-period planning responses to uncertain water deficiencies.
Mutation Effect Investigation on Cytochrome C552 Protein Instability and Electron Transfer Improvement in the Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans Bacteria Respiratory Chain
Authors: Shojapour Mahnaz , Fatemi Faezeh , Shasaltaneh Marzieh Dehghan , Farahmand Somayeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cytochrome c552 (Cyc1) is a protein in the electron transport chain of the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Af) bacteria which obtain their energy from oxidation Fe2+ to Fe+3. The electrons are directed through Cyc2, RCY (rusticyanin), Cytochrome c552, and Cox aa3 proteins to O2. Cytochrome c552 protein consists of two chains, A and B. In the present study, a new mutation (E121D) in the A chain of cytochrome c552 protein was selected due to electron receiving from Histidine 143 of RCY. Then, the changes performed in the E121D mutant were evaluated by MD simulations analyzes. Cytochrome c552 and RCY proteins were docked by a Patchdock server. By E121D mutation, the connection between the two chains in Cytochrome c552 was enhanced by an additional hydrogen bond between Zn1388 and aspartate 121. Asp 121 in chain A gets farther from Zn 1388 in chain B. Therefore, the aspartate gets closer to Cu 1156 of the RCY leading to the higher stability of the RCY/Cytochrome c552 complex. Further, an acidic residue (Glu121) becomes a more acidic residue (Asp121) and improving the electron transfer to Cytochrome c552 protein. The results of RMSF analysis showed further ligand flexibility in mutation. This leads to fluctuation of the active site and increases redox potential at the mutation point and the speed of electron transfer. This study also predicts that in all respiratory chain proteins, electrons probably enter the first active site via glutamate and exit through the second active site of each respiratory chain protein and through histidine.
The Study Designing A Sustainable Financing Model For Health Promotion Services In Iran
Authors: Javadinasb Hamideh , Nazari Aslan , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Yousefi Ali Reza , Hayati Ramin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Sustainable financing for Health Promotion Services (HPS) has always been challenged and attracted the attention of health domain politicians. This study was conducted to aim at designing a sustainable health financing model for HPS in IranMethods: This combined study was conducted in two phases. First, the published comparative study of sustainable financing for HPS and comprehensive study of the related current documents with this subject from 2005 to 2017 were used. In the second phase, the qualitative interviews for Iran’s current situation and capacities for sustainable health financing of HPS and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) meetings for finalized the aforementioned model were used.Results: The rules and advantages of levying sin tax, the related stakeholders in sustainable health financing, challenges and solutions of gathering, pooling, and purchasing of sustainable financial resources have been extracted.Conclusion: According to the results, there is no political and national commitment to executing sustainable health financing regulations in Iran. Lack of necessary infrastructures for their execution, resistance, and disagreement of harmful good industries are the barriers to executing these regulations. The model was suggested establishing a health promotion foundation and the permanent law for execution necessity and legitimacy of receiving public budget, sin tan, health tax, and duties will be provided.
A Lightweight Certificateless Aggregate Ring Signature Scheme for Privacy-preserving in Smart Grids
Authors: Wang Huiwen , Wang Liangliang , Wen Mi , Chen Kefei , Luo Yiyuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There exists a problem of user privacy leakage in the smart grids (SGs) that malicious attackers may intercept or tamper with electricity data and associate the stolen data with real users to commit crimes. Besides, node equipment resources in the SGs are limited. Aiming at the problems above, most of the existing privacy-preserving schemes apply aggregate signature to ensure the integrity of message and improve communication efficiency. However, they cannot realize the anonymity of users to block link attacks, and most of the aggregate signature verification has a high computational cost. Therefore, we propose a certificateless aggregate ring signature (CLARS) scheme based on computational Diffie-Hellman problem and decisional Diffie-Hellman problem. Our scheme is suitable for privacy-preserving in SGs. In this scheme, certificateless cryptosystem is used to avoid key escrow and certificates management problems and ring signature is used to ensure the unconditional anonymity of users. In addition, our scheme is proved to be unforgeability and unconditional anonymity under adaptively chosen message attacks against Type I and Type II adversaries in the random oracle model. Compared with previous certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) schemes, our CLARS scheme has lower computational cost, which only needs two pairing operations.
Ecological Risk Index and Their Associated Health Risk Evaluation of Toxic Heavy Metals in Cultivated Vegetable and Cereal in Different Peri-Urban Regions of an Indian Metropolitan City, Lucknow
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Rawat Dipti , Kumar Sunil , Singh Rana Pratap 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the phytoaccumulation factor (PF), Ecological risk index (ERI), and carcinogenic risk factor (CRs) of toxic heavy metals (THMs) i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni in the agricultural soil, irrigation water, vegetables and cereals samples collected from peri-urban regions of Lucknow. The level of these metals was within the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) (FAO/WHO 2011) in agricultural soil while it was higher in irrigation water. The phytoaccumulation factor of Cd and Ni was very high in the edible parts of vegetable and cereal samples which show that they might have entered through metal-contaminated irrigation water even if not available in the soil. The contamination coefficient (ifC) and Ecological risk factor (ifE) of metals was detected in the range of low risk in all agricultural soil, whereas Ecological risk index of metals was found in the moderate risk which indicated a mild impact on the agro-ecosystem. The carcinogenic risk potential of metals was found more than the requisite value of 10-4 in tomato, spinach, and wheat samples. This study indicates that the metals possess a moderate ecological risk and high carcinogenic risk potential through the consumption of metal-contaminated vegetables and cereals grown and sold in peri-urban regions and food markets.
The bone flare phenomenon during the treatment of bone metastases of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Jianhua , Chen Guimin , Xu Tianhui , Wang Xiuxiu , Ruan Junxia , Liu Shuoxin , Sun Shengqiang , Li Yupeng , Zhang Jinping , Ma Chunling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The bone flare phenomenon, defined as an increase in bone lesion activity, is a kind of benign bone change in response to ongoing tumor treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time, incidence, and clinical significance of bone flare in lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases, as well as to observe the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase ALP and serum calcium Ca^2+ in patients with bone flare phenomenon.Methods Fifty-seven patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who participated in the anti-tumor clinical trials from December 2017 to December 2019 in Linyi Cancer Hospital were included in the study. The CT (computed tomography, CT) images, serum ALP and Ca^2+ from all patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among a total of 57 patients, 28 were male, and 29 were female. The median age was 62 years (33–75 years), and 30 of them had bone metastases at baseline. Forty-six EGFR negative patients received platinum-based dual-drug chemotherapy or bevacizumab or combined with PD-1 antibody inhibitors, and 11 EGFR positive patients received targeted EGFR inhibitors. The bone flare was detected in 7 out of 30 patients with bone metastases at baseline (5 patients in the combined chemotherapy group and two patients in the targeted treatment group). The incidence of bone flare was 23.33% (7 / 30). The median time was 45 days after treatment (from 41 days to 120 days), and most of them occurred in the early stages of the treatment.
Pseudocitrobacter Anthropi Reduces Heavy Metal Uptake and Improves Phytohormones and Antioxidant System in Glycine Max L.
Authors: Husna Husna , Hussain Anwar , Shah Mohib , Hamayun Muhammad , Iqbal Amjad , Murad Waheed , Irshad Muhammad , Qadir Muhammad , Kim Ho-Youn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a great threat to modern humanity. A novel and natural technique of bioremediation using microbes for detoxification of HMs while improving plants' growth is the call of the day. In this study, exposing soybean plants to different concentrations (i.e., 10 and 50 µg/mL) of chromium and arsenic showed a severe reduction in agronomic attributes, higher ROS production, and disruption in the antioxidant system. Contrarily, rhizobacterial isolate C18 inoculation not only rescued host growth, but also improved the production of nonenzymatic antioxidants (i.e., flavonoids, phenolic and proline contents) and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., CAT, APX, POD, and DPPH), higher ROS scavenging, and lower ROS accumulation. Thereby, lowering secondary oxidative stress and subsequent damage. The strain was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing, and was identified as Pseudocitrobacter anthropi. Additionally, the strain can endure metals up to 1200 µg/mL and efficient in detoxifying the effect of Cr and As, by regulating phytohormones (IAA 59.02 μg/mL and GA 101.88 nM/mL) and solubilizing inorganic phosphates, making them excellent phytostimulant, biofertilizers, and heavy metal bio-remediating agent.
An enhanced surrogate-assisted differential evolution for constrained optimization problems
Authors: Garcia Rafael de Paula , de Lima Beatriz Souza Leite Pires , Lemonge Afonso Celso de Castro , Jacob Breno Pinheiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The application of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) to complex engineering optimization problems may present difficulties as they require many evaluations of the objective functions by computationally expensive simulation procedures. To deal with this issue, surrogate models have been employed to replace those expensive simulations. In this work, a surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimization procedure is proposed. The procedure combines the Differential Evolution method with a Anchor -nearest neighbors ( –NN) similarity-based surrogate model. In this approach, the database that stores the solutions evaluated by the exact model, which are used to approximate new solutions, is managed according to a merit scheme. Constraints are handled by a rank-based technique that builds multiple separate queues based on the values of the objective function and the violation of each constraint. Also, to avoid premature convergence of the method, a strategy that triggers a random reinitialization of the population is considered. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by numerical experiments using 24 constrained benchmark functions and 5 mechanical engineering problems. The results show that the method achieves optimal solutions with a remarkably reduction in the number of function evaluations compared to the literature.