bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Triglyceride-glucose Index With Intra- and Extra-cranial Arterial Stenosis: a Combined Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Wang Anxin , Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Xiaoli , Guo Jiahuan , Wu Shouling , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, with intra- and extra-cranial artery stenosis (ICAS and ECAS) in Chinese adults.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study, 5,381 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional analysis, then 3,447 and 1,853 participants in the longitudinal analysis for incident ICAS and ECAS, respectively. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsThe results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were basically the same, as the fully adjusted OR comparing participants in the highest tertile versus lowest tertile of the TyG index was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.13-1.59) for prevalence of ECAS and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.26-2.71) for incident ECAS, respectively. The addition of TyG index to a conventional model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for ECAS. However, we did not observed any significant association between the TyG index and ICAS. Conclusions Elevated TyG index was significantly associated with a higher risk of ECAS, but not with ICAS in Chinese adults. This conclusion lends support to the clinical significant for the TyG index for the assessment of artery stenosis, especially for ECAS.
Mathematical modelling of the second wave of COVID-19 infections using deterministic and stochastic SIDR models
Authors: Lobato Fran Sérgio , Libotte Gustavo B , Platt Gustavo M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, various countries from across the globe have been facing the second wave of COVID-19 infections. In order to understand the dynamics of the spread of the disease, much effort has been made in terms of mathematical modeling. In this scenario, compartmental models are widely used to simulate epidemics under various conditions. In general, there are uncertainties associated with the reported data, which must be considered when estimating the parameters of the model. In this work, we propose an effective methodology for estimating parameters of compartmental models in multiple wave scenarios by means of a dynamic data segmentation approach. This robust technique allows the description of the dynamics of the disease without arbitrary choices for the end of the first wave and the start of the second. Furthermore, we adopt a time-dependent function to describe the probability of transmission by contact for each wave. We also assess the uncertainties of the parameters and their influence on the simulations using a stochastic strategy. In order to obtain realistic results in terms of the basic reproduction number, a constraint is incorporated into the problem. We adopt data from Germany and Italy, two of the first countries to experience the second wave of infections. Using the proposed methodology, the end of the first wave (and also the start of the second wave) occurred on 166 and 187 days from the beginning of the epidemic, for Germany and Italy, respectively. The estimated effective reproduction number for the first wave is close to that obtained by other approaches, for both countries. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is able to find good estimates for all parameters. In relation to uncertainties, we show that slight variations in the design variables can give rise to significant changes in the value of the effective reproduction number. The results provide information on the characteristics of the epidemic for each country, as well as elements for decision-making in the economic and governmental spheres.
A Historical Record of Trace Metal Deposition In Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau For The Last Two Centuries
Authors: Li Shanying , Sun Weiwei , Chen Rong , Zhang Zhijie , Ning Dongliang , Ni Zhenyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Owing to rapid socio-economic development in China, trace metal emissions have increased and lakes even in remote areas have experienced marked changes in the last century. However, there are limited studies revealing long-term trends, anthropogenic fluxes and spatial characteristics of trace metals in lakes. In this study, we present a geochemical record from Lake Qinghai in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and reconstruct trace metal pollution history during the last two centuries. The lacustrine sediment core was dated by 137Cs and 210Pb, and sediments deposited prior to the 1850s were selected as the pre-industrial background. Factor analysis and enrichment factor indicated Cr, Cu and Ni generally originated from natural sources, while Cd, Pb and Zn have been influenced by human contamination since the mid-1980s. The anthropogenic Cd mainly derived from non-ferrous metal smelting in Gansu Province, and fluxes to Lake Qinghai sharply increased after the mid-1980s. The timing is similar to other lake sediment records from China and corresponds well with rapid economic development in China. The spatial pattern of anthropogenic Cd fluxes to lakes is primarily attributed to regional industrial emission, phosphate fertilizers and manure applied in agriculture.
The Preventive and Treatment of the Neuro-Inflammasome in Sorokdo National Hospital
Authors: Lee Jong-hoon , Lee Chul Joong , Park Jungwuk , Lee So Jeong , Choi Su-Hee , Oh Sang-Suk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim/Background: This study investigated leprosy patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a neuroinflammasome competitor. Method: We searched all medical records of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in Korea and the Sorokdo National Hospital from the time when the Korean government computerized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). The Seoul study analyzed statistically AD, and anti-AD drugs (AADs) in the Sorokdo National Hospital's EDI database archived from January 2005 to June 2020 through the ICD-9 and -10 codes with National Health Insurance System. Result: The relation between DDS and AD each year was analysed using the chi-square test. P value was significant from 2007 to 2020 when P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The AD (+/-) Group was rearranged based on the DDS (+/-) Group. DDS’s effect as a neuro-inflammasome competitor was statistically proved with T-Test Calculator by comparing the prevalence of AD in patients who had been prescribed DDS and those who had not. Conclusion: Our study is the first to prove the association between dapsone and AD through observational studies. This study suggests the use of neuroinflammasome therapy as a preventive and therapeutic method for AD.
­­Differences in Somatic TP53 Mutation Type in Breast Tumors by Race and Receptor Status
Authors: Pollock Nijole C , Ramroop Johnny , Hampel Heather , Troester Melissa A. , Conway Kathleen , Hu Jennifer J , Freudenheim Jo L. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I , Huo Dezheng , Ziv Elad , Neuhausen Susan L , Stevens Patrick , McElroy Joseph , Toland Amanda Ewart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Somatic driver mutations in TP53 are associated with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and poorer outcomes. Breast cancers in women of African ancestry (AA) are more likely to be TNBC and have somatic TP53 mutations than cancers in non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Missense driver mutations in TP53 have varied functional impact including loss-of-function (LOF) or gain-of-function (GOF) activity, and dominant negative (DNE) effects. We aimed to determine if there were differences in somatic TP53 mutation types by patient ancestry or TNBC status. Methods: We identified breast cancer datasets with somatic TP53 mutation data, ancestry, age, and hormone receptor status. Mutations were classified for functional impact using published data and type of mutation. We assessed differences using Fisher’s exact test. Results: From 96 breast cancer studies, we identified 2964 women with somatic TP53 mutations: 715 (24.1%) Asian, 258 (8.7%) AA, 1931 (65.2%) NHW, and 60 (2%) Latina. The distribution of TP53 mutation type was similar by ancestry. However, 35.8% of tumors from NHW individuals had GOF mutations compared to 29% from AA individuals (p=0.04). Mutations with DNE activity were positively associated with TNBC (OR=1.37, p=0.03) and estrogen receptor (ER) negative status (OR=1.38; p=0.005).Conclusions: Somatic TP53 mutation types did not differ by ancestry overall, but GOF mutations were more common in NHW women than AA women. ER negative and TNBC tumors are less likely to have DNE+ TP53 mutations which could reflect biological processes. Larger cohorts and functional studies are needed to further elucidate these findings.
Influence of Strong Spatially Varying Near Fault Ground Motion on Steel Box Arch Bridge
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Shibo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In violent earthquakes, ground motion is considered to change dramatically in the process of spatial propagation. Strong spatially varying exists in ground motion near fault area, and it can cause the large-span and large stiffness structure to be damaged. In this paper, a typical long-span steel box arch bridge is selected as an engineering case. In order to simulate the spatially varying of near fault ground motion accurately, the records that sampled in former earthquake are used as ground motion input. The shaking table experiment and finite element analysis are used as analysis means. Through the analysis of the internal force and displacement response of the key position of the arch rib, it is found that the spatially varying in the near fault ground motion can bring severe seismic response .If the spatially varying is ignored, the damage of the bridge will be seriously underestimated.
Mechanism of Ferritin Heavy Chain in the Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Cuixiu , Zhao Huijun , Zhang Man 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ferritin is an important molecule in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth inhibition escape, cell death inhibition and angiogenesis. More and more studies have given evidence of abnormal iron metabolism in tumors. Whether ferritin can be a new type of marker for early diagnosis of tumorous diseases remains to be explored. In this study, we verified the expression level of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) in benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell (BPH-1) and three kinds of PCa cells by Western blotting. Lentivirus was used to construct FTH gene overexpression vector, then construct FTH overexpression PCa cell lines. Meanwhile, LNCaP cells and DU145 cells FTH silent expression prostate cancer cell lines were constructed using Crispr Cas9 technology. Next, clone proliferation experiments, transwell experiments, and scratch experiments were used to verify the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities of each group of cells with different FTH expression levels. The FTH knockout PC-3 cell (LV-shFTH PC3) has been established in our laboratory. Make full use of the existing results from Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry technology to analyze differentially expressed protein analysis between LV-shFTH PC3 cells and control cells. Combine GO analysis to select the target protein for subsequent cell protein expression level verification. Our results show that FTH overexpression can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines, while FTH knockout causes the opposite result. Combined with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, it is speculated that FTH may trigger changes in cell behavior by regulating the expression of the following proteins: S100A4, CRABP1, S100A2, S100P, GDF15, FAM84B, KRT75, LYRM7, OCLN, LCP1, F2RL1. (The study is not a clinical trial, no registration number and registration date are required)
On the Jump Conditions for Shock Waves in Condensed Materials
Authors: Anand R K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we have proposed Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) boundary conditions at the normal shock-front which is passing through the condensed material. These RH conditions are quite general, and their convenient forms for the particle velocity, mass density, pressure and temperature have been presented in terms of the upstream Mach number, and the material parameters for the weak and the strong shocks, respectively. Finally, the effects on the mechanical quantities of the shock compressed materials e.g. titanium Ti6Al4V, stainless steel 304, aluminum 6061-T6, etc. have been discussed.
Internet-based Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Borji-Navan Sanam , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Ahmadian-Khooinarood Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women of reproductive age, affecting various aspects of their lives. There are very limited studies investigating the effect of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) on PMS. We aimed to investigate the effect of ICBT on symptom severity of women suffering from PMS and their quality of life in the perimenstrual and late follicular periods. Methods: Ninety-two university students aged 18-35 years with moderate to severe PMS were allocated into two groups of 46 using block randomization. The intervention group underwent ICBT for two menstrual cycles, while the control group received no intervention. All participants filled the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) for two menstrual cycles and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) on days 1-2 and 11-13 of the menstrual cycle pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using univariate general linear models. Results: Four students in the intervention group were lost to follow-up. Post-interventionally, the mean score of total PMS symptoms was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (10.4 vs. 20.2, adjusted difference: -9.9 [95% CI: -13.3 to -6.6]) and perimenstrual quality of life was significantly higher (64.2 vs. 50.3, 14.1 [8.5 to 19.8]). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in the late follicular quality of life (68.3 vs. 67.3, 1.9 [-4.4 to 8.1]). Conclusions: Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy could effectively reduce PMS symptom severity and improve perimenstrual quality of life, with no significant effect on the late follicular quality of life. Trial registration: The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, Identifier: IRCT20100414003706N34, Registered 19 June 2019, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38394
Modulating Inherent Lewis Acidity at the Intergrowth Interface of Mortise-Tenon Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Wang Huiqiu , Shen Boyuan , Chen Xiao , Xiong Hao , Wang Hongmei , Song Wenlong , Cui Chaojie , Wei Fei , Qian Wei-Zhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tunability of local structures determines various catalytic performances of zeolite catalysts. The acid sites in zeolite catalysts are important local structures to control the products in methanol conversion. However, it remained still a great challenge to precisely design the acid sites, since there is a lack of controllable methods to generate and identify the acid sites with a high resolution. Here, we use the lattice mismatch of zeolite intergrowth to enrich the inherent Lewis acid sites (LASs) at the interface of a mortise-tenon ZSM-5 catalyst (ZSM-5-MT) showing a 90° intergrowth structure. ZSM-5-MT is formed by two perpendicular blocks that can be atomically resolved by the integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscope (iDPC-STEM). It can be revealed by various methods that more framework-associated Al (AlFR) LASs are generated in ZSM-5-MT than single-crystal ZSM-5 catalyst. Combining with the iDPC-STEM results, we demonstrate that the partial missing of O atoms at interfaces results in the formation of inherent LASs in ZSM-5-MT. According to the catalytic performances, LAS-enriched ZSM-5-MT shows a higher selectivity of light olefins than the single-crystal ZSM-5 catalyst in methanol conversion. These results provide an efficient strategy to design the Lewis acidity in zeolites for tailored catalytic functions via interface engineering.
Augmenting an online self-directed intervention for gambling disorder with a single motivational interview: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brazeau Brad W. , Hodgins David C. , Cunningham John A. , Bennett Kylie , Bennett Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the success of gold standard cognitive-behavioural therapy for problem and disordered gambling, the majority of individuals with gambling problems do not seek or receive professional treatment. Thus, the development of less intrusive self-directed interventions has been encouraged. Bibliotherapy for problem gambling has shown promise, both alone and in combination with motivational interviews, but there is still a lack of online self-directed intervention research. The current randomised controlled trial proposes to assess the efficacy of an online self-directed treatment program for problem gambling and gambling disorder, both alone and in combination with a single motivational interview delivered digitally. Methods: A two-arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted, wherein eligible participants (N=270) will be recruited across Canada via internet advertisements posted to several platforms. All participants will receive access to an online self-directed gambling intervention program. Participants will be randomly assigned to either complete the online program alone or receive a digital motivational interview, conducted through an online audioconferencing platform (i.e., Microsoft Teams) to supplement the online program. Gambling severity, frequency, and expenditures will be tracked along with other mental health outcome data over a 24-month period. It is expected that participants in both groups will experience a reduction in symptoms across the board, but more substantial improvements will be observed in the group that receives a supplemental motivational interview.Discussion: The results of this trial will expand upon prior gambling intervention research by informing best practices for the provision of online self-help for problem gambling. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN13009468. Registered on 7 July 2020 at https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13009468.
Excess Noise Factor in Avalanche Photodiodes with Dead Space Effect
Authors: Angadi Vignesh Reddy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This project aims to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) for MATLAB programs written by J. S. Marsland as part of his research on the excess noise factor in avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The GUI will be developed using the GUIDE package supplied with MATLAB. The GUI will then be used to compare this research with other works—for example, the Monte Carlo calculations performed by the research group at the French Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA). A comparison with other works will require the digitisation of graphs, some of which have been published in academic journals.
Traceability of Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Its Reduction in Rubber Composites of Tire Inner Liner
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Boyu , Wang Danling , Chen Li , Du Zhenxia , Wu Youping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many parts of the vehicle cabin generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and they are hazardous to humans. In this study, VOCs in the inner liner of automobile spare tire, and separately the significant materials used in it, like raw rubber and resins, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with extracting method of static headspace sampling (SHS). By comparison, the sources of VOCs can be traced back to raw rubbers and resins. And the results indicated that alkylphenol resins are the most volatile raw materials, which would release 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene. Secondly, chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) contained 3-methyl-pentane and methyl-cyclopentane. At the same time, through replacements of raw materials in initial formulation, such as alkylphenol resins and natural rubber (NR) with low VOCs, the total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) discharged in inner liner could be reduced. We expected that the information gained from this work could provide references and positive significance for the manufacture of environmental-friendly tire products.
Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Firouzabadi Mohammad Dehghani , Roomiani Maryam , Firouzabadi Fatemeh Dehghani , Moosaie Fatemeh , Yoosefi Niyoosha , Rafiee Saeedeh , Rajabi Shima , Ramezanpour Sara , Babaniamansour Sepideh , Jahandideh Hesam , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the recovery rate and duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction of patients over a period of two months in the Iranian population.Methods: In this study, 305 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled and followed over a duration of 2 months. Binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction with clinical manifestations and past medical history of patients.Results: Olfactory-gustatory dysfunction was reported in 103 (33.7%) patients. Of them, approximately 54.5% and 56.9% of patients did not recover from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction before 10 days, respectively. In addition, almost 21.8% and 20.1% of the patients did not recover from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction after two-month follow-up, respectively. Severe form of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was reported in 93% and 74.7% of patients, respectively.Conclusion: We found that the majority of patients had olfactory and gustatory dysfunction for more than 10 days and about one fifth of patients did not recover after 60 days. Also, longer recovery time from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was seen in patients who experienced the symptoms of weakness and dyspnea during the time of their disease.
SARS-CoV-2-induced Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Young Adult
Authors: bulut haldun , Herbers Alexandra H.E. , Hageman Ilse M.G. , Netten Paetrick M. , de Jonge Hendrik J.M. , Joustra Robert , de Veerdonk Frank L. van , de Jager Cornelis P.C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of a previous healthy 20-year-old male athlete who presented with an atypical clinical profile with multiorgan involvement five weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggestive for multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). MIS is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 and shares several similar clinical features with overlapping hyperinflammatory syndromes that may create a great challenge to distinguish between them. MIS should promptly be considered and treated, as uncontrolled MIS has a high mortality. In MIS cardiac involvement, heart failure may present as an additional problem, especially because volume loading is advised in accordance with proposed therapy. Carefully monitoring of the respiratory and cardiac status in response of resuscitation is therefore warranted.