bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Health Improvement Profile for people with severe mental illness: Feasibility of a secondary analysis to make international comparisons
Authors: Bos Dawn , Gray Richard , Meepring Soontareeporn , White Jacquie , Foland Kay , Bressington Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is already known about this topic?

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have elevated risks for physical health problems and low screening rates.

No previous studies have compared the physical health promotion needs of people with SMI using the same screening tool across different international settings.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

It appears feasible to use the HIP to profile and compare physical health‐related risks in people with SMI across different international settings.

The HIP tool identified significant differences in areas of risk across the four countries.

What are the implications for practice?

The HIP could be used to identify unique clusters of health promotion needs in different countries.

Use of HIP health checks may support implementation of individualized interventions.

AbstractIntroductionTo date, no studies have contrasted physical health profiles of people with severe mental illness (SMI) in different countries.AimTo evaluate feasibility of using the Health Improvement Profile (HIP) to compare and contrast physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI from four countries.MethodAn observational feasibility study using secondary analysis of pooled health state and lifestyle data. Physical health checks using modified versions of HIP were administered in four countries.ResultsFindings suggest feasibility of HIP screening to profile and compare physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI across international settings. High overall numbers of risk items (red flags) were identified in all but the Thailand sample. Despite some commonalities, there were important differences in health profiles across countries.DiscussionThis is the first study to demonstrate feasibility of the HIP to compare health risks in individuals with SMI across countries. Future multi‐national HIP studies should recruit a fully powered stratified random sample of people with SMI that is representative of each setting.Implications for practiceIt appears feasible to utilize the HIP to identify specific areas of health risk in different countries, which may help to better focus nursing interventions and use of resources.
The relationship between onset of workplace violence and onset of sleep disturbances in the Swedish working population
Authors: Heming Meike , Xu Tianwei , Nyberg Anna , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe study investigated the association between onset of workplace violence and onset of sleep disturbances. We used self‐reported data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) collected in 2014, 2016, and 2018. A two‐wave design was based on participants who had no exposure to workplace violence or sleep disturbances at baseline (n = 6,928). A three‐wave design was based on participants who in addition were unexposed to sleep disturbances in the second wave (n = 6,150). Four items of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire were used to measure sleep disturbances and one question was used to measure the occurrence of workplace violence or threats of violence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In the two‐wave approach, onset of workplace violence was associated with onset of sleep disturbances after adjustment for sex, age, occupational position, education, and civil status (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.96). The association was no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for night/evening work, demands, control, and social support at work. In the three‐wave approach, results were only suggestive of an association between onset of workplace violence and subsequent onset of sleep disturbances after adjustment for sex, age, occupational position, education, and civil status. Onset of frequent exposure to workplace violence was associated with subsequent onset of sleep disturbances in the adjusted analyses, but these analyses were based on few individuals (13 exposed versus 5,907 unexposed). The results did not conclusively demonstrate that onset of workplace violence predicts development of sleep disturbances. Further research could elucidate the role of other working conditions.
Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Magdesian K. Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEquine antimicrobial therapy has advanced over time with the availability of increasing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in horses, allowing for greater evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. However, many challenges to optimal antimicrobial therapy remain and further research is needed to address these areas. There are a limited number of approved antimicrobials for use in horses, which creates a need for compounded preparations for clinicians. Extra‐label drug use is commonplace in equine practice, which warrants continual education of veterinarians about policies and updates. Performance and competitive horses have their own unique concerns when it comes to antimicrobial use and drug testing. In keeping with the use of a broader range of antimicrobials over time, antimicrobial resistance is emerging as an important issue facing veterinary medicine, including equine practice. Another challenge is that of drug interactions and adverse drug events for which there are little scientific data available for horses, especially for critically important diseases such as Rhodococcus equi infection. Finally, much progress has been made in the availability of equine‐specific antimicrobial susceptibility break points. These aid clinicians in interpreting culture and susceptibility results and antimicrobial selection. Even with these advances, continuing education and further research are needed in this area.
Integrated pancreatic microcirculatory profiles of streptozotocin‐induced and insulin‐administrated type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Bingwei , Wang Bing , Liu Mingming , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Ailing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Honggang , Xiu Ruijuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs an integrated system, pancreatic microcirculatory disturbance plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which involves changes in microcirculatory oxygen and microhemodynamics. Therefore, we aimed to release type 1 diabetic and insulin‐administrated microcirculatory profiles of the pancreas.MethodsBALB/c mice were assigned to control, T1DM, and insulin‐administrated groups randomly. T1DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). 1.5 IU insulin was administrated subcutaneously to keep the blood glucose within the normal range. After anesthetizing by isoflurane, the raw data set of pancreatic microcirculation was collected by the multimodal device– and computer algorithm–based microcirculatory evaluating system. After adjusting outliers and normalization, pancreatic microcirculatory oxygen and microhemodynamic data sets were imported into the three‐dimensional module and compared.ResultsMicrocirculatory profiles of the pancreas in T1DM exhibited a loss of microhemodynamic coherence (significantly decreased microvascular blood perfusion) accompanied by an impaired oxygen balance (significantly decreased PO2, SO2, and rHb). More importantly, with insulin administration, the pathological microcirculatory profiles were partially restored. Meanwhile, there were correlations between pancreatic microcirculatory blood perfusion and PO2 levels.ConclusionsOur findings establish the first integrated three‐dimensional pancreatic microcirculatory profiles of STZ‐induced and insulin‐administrated T1DM.
A systematic evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation in the foot using post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia
Authors: Balasubramanian Gayathri , Chockalingam Nachiappan , Naemi Roozbeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesCutaneous microcirculatory impairments are associated with skin injury to the foot. Post‐Occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) is one of the quick and easy methods to assess microcirculatory function. However, there are variations in the protocols currently used. Hence, this study aimed to systematically investigate the reproducibility of PORH protocols with minimal occlusion time in the foot.MethodsPost‐Occlusive reactive hyperemia was measured using 12 different protocols (three occlusion times, two occlusion sites and with or without temperature control) in 25 healthy adults. Each of the 12 different protocols was repeated three times, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficient showed that that ankle level occlusion produced moderate to excellent reproducibility for most PORH measures. In the right foot, 30‐ and 60‐s ankle level occlusion without temperature control showed ICC of >0.40 for all parameters except the area of hyperemia (ICC = −0.36) and biological zero to peak flow percent change (ICC = −0.46). In the left foot, 30‐s ankle level occlusion without temperature control showed ICC of >0.40 for all parameters except time to latency (ICC = 0.29), after hyperemia (ICC = 0.37), and max (ICC = −0.01), and area of hyperemia (ICC = −0.36). But the 60‐s protocol showed ICC > 0.40 for all except time to max (ICC = 0.38). In the hallux protocols, all three 10‐, 30‐, and 60‐s protocols without temperature control showed moderate to excellent reproducibility (ICC > 0.40). In most cases, the temporal and area under the perfusion‐time curve parameters showed poor reproducibility.ConclusionPost‐Occlusive reactive hyperemia can be tested efficiently with a minimal occlusion time of 10 s with hallux occlusion and 30 s with ankle occlusion in the foot. This can suggest that microcirculatory assessment is feasible in routine practice and can potentially be included for routine assessment of foot in people with diabetes.
β‐glucan therapy converts the inhibition of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in oral cancer patients
Authors: Lo Ya‐Wen , Lee Alan Yueh‐Luen , Liu Yi‐Ching , Ko Hui‐Hsin , Peng Hsin‐Hui , Lee Hsiang‐Chieh , Pan Pei‐Yao , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Cheng Shih‐Jung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) frequently have a high expansion in cancer patients. This research explored whether administration of β‐glucan could increase anti‐tumor immunity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.Materials and MethodsThis study evaluated the MDSC level of circulating blood as CD33+/CD11b+/HLA‐DR‐/low by flow cytometry in 30 healthy donors (HDs, group I), in 48 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients before and after 14‐day preoperative administration of β‐glucan (group II), and in 52 OSCC patients without taking β‐glucan (group III).ResultsA significantly higher mean MDSC level was observed in 100 OSCC patients than in 30 HDs (p < .001). There was a significant reduction of the mean MDSC level in group II patients after taking β‐glucan (p < .001). Moreover, we discovered a significantly higher recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in group II than in group III patients (p = .026). Finally, the multivariate Cox regression further identified the MDSC level ≤1% and administration of β‐glucan as more favorable prognostic factors for OSCC patients.ConclusionPreoperative administration of β‐glucan can augment anti‐tumor immunity and increase RFS rate via subversion of suppressive function of MDSC in OSCC patients.
Diagnosis of central nervous system invasive aspergillosis in a liver transplant recipient using microbial cell‐free next generation DNA sequencing
Authors: Shishido Akira A. , Vostal Alexander , Mayer Romana , Ho Cheng‐Ying , Baddley John W 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important opportunistic infection among patients with liver disease and liver transplants. Diagnosis of IA may be challenging, especially among patients with central nervous system infection. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of next‐generation sequencing of microbial cell‐free DNA in the diagnosis of fungal brain abscess in a liver transplant recipient.
Thyroid nocardiosis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Esnault Violaine , Wittnebel Sebastian , Pouillon Mathias , Collarino Rocco , Jauréguiberry Stephane , Chachaty Elisabeth , Gachot Bertrand , Wyplosz Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisseminated nocardiosis is a rare but growing concern in immunocompromised patients. Typical localizations include the lung, brain and/or soft tissues, but laboratory confirmation of nocardiosis usually requires sampling of infected organs by invasive procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage or brain biopsy. We report a case of disseminated nocardiosis occurring in a hematopoietic stem‐cell transplant recipient, with clinical lung and brain localizations. Examination of the thyroid gland was suggestive of a unilateral abscess. A culture of thyroid pus sampled by fine‐needle aspiration was positive for Nocardia farcinica and therefore avoided a more invasive procedure. The patient recovered after a six‐month antibiotic therapy without thyroid surgery. We reviewed other ten cases of thyroid nocardiosis published in the medical literature. Among the ten cases of disseminated nocardiosis established during the patient's lifetime including ours, six (60%) were asymptomatic and seven (70%) were confirmed by culture of the aspiration of thyroid pus. When disseminated nocardiosis is suspected, systematic examination for a thyroid abscess may help establish a microbiological diagnosis and prevent further invasive procedures.
Normas en la formación didáctico-matemática de futuros profesores de primaria
Authors: Toscano Rocío , Gavilán-Izquierdo José María , Sánchez Victoria 
Published: March 2021

Este estudio se centra en la identificación de normas en el discurso coloquial que surge entre estudiantes para ser profesores (EP) de primaria cuando resuelven en grupo tareas didáctico-matemáticas. Los datos son las narrativas identificadas en las transcripciones de las grabaciones en audio de los diálogos de estos estudiantes. El análisis realizado ha permitido inferir la existencia de diferentes normas: sociales, sociomatemáticas, sociodidáctico-matemáticas y didáctico-matemáticas. Su identificación ha permitido aproximarnos a cómo estas normas regulan la enseñanza/aprendizaje de estos estudiantes y pueden afectar su futuro desarrollo profesional como profesores de primaria.
Atomic Scale
Authors: Abrams Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large nuclear power plants are becoming increasingly difficult to site and build. The solution, say some nuclear advocates, is to give up on gigawatt-scale, bespoke plants and—following in the footsteps of other energy system—go small and modular. Small modular reactors (SMRs), which would generate tens or a few hundreds of mega-watts, would have a lower price tag and could prove to be safer.
Mathematical-Machine Determination of the Vibration of Accelerated Unbalanced Rotor
Authors: Baker J. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For an unbalanced rotor, amplitudes of vibration are given for different rates of constant angular acceleration and deceleration. The setup used to obtain these results on the differential analyzer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is described briefly and shown diagrammatically. The selection of spring constant, damping, and mass of suspended unit as a means of avoiding serious vibration in bringing a heavily unbalanced spring-mounted rotor up to speed is discussed in connection with the results.
Chart of Air-Vapor Mixture Properties at Different Pressures
Authors: Binder R. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A discussion is given of the use of a total pressure-temperature diagram provided with reversible adiabatic and specific-humidity lines for mixtures of air and water vapor. The graphical relation between dew-point temperature, dry-bulb temperature, and specific humidity is given directly for any total pressure on this chart. From this relation the vapor pressure and relative humidity can be easily calculated. Certain chart lines give a close approximation to the wet-bulb temperature for a limited range. This pressure-temperature chart should be convenient and useful for a wide variety of problems which involve these fundamental thermodynamic properties.
An Extension of the Photoelastic Method of Stress Measurement to Plates in Transverse Bending
Authors: Goodier J. N. , Lee G. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The well-known photoelastic method for models in plane stress is extended to plates bent transversely by cementing together two similar plates with a thin layer of reflecting material between them. The light thus transverses twice one half of the full plate thickness, in which the stress is, in the simplest case, all of one sign, so that a net optical effect is obtained. Measurements on a strip of celluloid in pure bending, and with circular holes, yield results in conformity with theory; but a Bakelite model with circular holes showed discrepancies indicating that the cement bond between the Bakelite and the reflecting layer (aluminum foil) was not adequate. Results of measurements on semicircular notches in a strip under pure bending are also given. The difficulties and potentialities of the method are discussed.
Modern Passenger-Car Ride Characteristics
Authors: Schilling R. , Fuchs H. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the main ride problems found in passenger-car suspensions and numerical data illustrating present practice. Analyses of transient conditions are shown: (a) for a single sprung mass, (b) for the car as a system with two degrees of freedom, (c) for the effect of the seat cushion. The motions of the unsprung masses between road surface and chassis are defined as shake motions. Data are given for the vertical motion “wheelhop.” As an example of secondary shakes, the sideshake of an axle is described from test data.
High-Speed Tension Tests at Elevated Temperatures—Parts II and III
Authors: Nadai A. , Manjoine M. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors discuss the results of an investigation on the resistance to plastic forming of several metals over a wide range of rates of deformation at various temperatures. To carry out the tests, two machines were built: One, a high-speed testing machine, was described in Part I of this report; the other, a constant-strain-rate machine, is dealt with in this presentation. The general trend of the test results for aluminum and copper indicates a continuous increase of the yield stresses with the strain rate. The speed relation for pure iron and the iron alloys seems to be much more complicated. The resistance to deformation at a given speed of straining exhibits a minimum and a maximum at certain temperatures. This maximum, known as “blue brittleness,” shifts to higher temperatures with increasing speeds of straining; it appears at 200 C for short-time tension speeds and shifts to 550 C for the high speeds. In the high-speed tests a local temperature rise of 50 C, due to the conversion of the work of deformation into heat, was observed in a specimen of pure iron. At very rapid rates of deformation remarkably high ultimate stresses were found for aluminum and copper when tested at temperatures approaching their melting points. A theory for the necking of a bar, based on the speed law, predicts the observed shapes of broken bars which were drawn down to a point. Observation data are furnished for an evaluation of the forces required for very rapid plastic forming of the metals at high temperatures, particularly through rolling.
The Mechanism of Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Poulter T. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After pointing out the interrelation between corrosion resistance, caustic embrittlement, fatigue, creep, and other phenomena of metals, the author cites the results of experiments on glass and quartz rods, subjected to high liquid pressures, as indicative of the action which probably occurs in cavitation erosion. To demonstrate the mechanism of cavitation on this basis, an investigation was conducted, in which tests were made on gray-cast-iron specimens in water, alcohol, glycerin, and paraffin oil, using a magnetostriction oscillator as the source of energy. The results of the tests which are reported bear out the theory. Materials and protective coatings which reduce cavitation erosion greatly, and the effect of the presence of hydrogen in the liquid are discussed.
Plastic Flow as an Unstable Process
Authors: Donnell L. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Instead of occurring simultaneously over regions which are apparently uniformly stressed, plastic flow frequently proceeds in a discontinuous manner, as in the formation of wedge-shaped plastic regions around the periphery of torsion specimens. It is contended in this paper that this phenomenon can be explained as an instability, brought about by stress concentrations which are caused, not by discontinuities in the shape of the specimen, but by the discontinuous behavior of the material around the yield point.
According to this explanation, yielding first occurs at some region of local weakness. The lagging of the stress in this yielded region causes a stress redistribution around the region, somewhat as if it were a hole, which retards stresses and therefore yielding in certain directions while accelerating them in other directions, thus leading to the spontaneous growth of characteristically shaped plastic regions.
Gas Turbine Blade Heat Transfer and Internal Swirl Cooling Flow Experimental Study Using Liquid Crystals and Three-Dimensional Stereo-Particle Imaging Velocimetry
Authors: Galeana Daisy , Beyene Asfaw 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The challenging engineering intricacies related to improving efficiency of a gas turbine engine come with the need to maximize the internal cooling of the turbine blade to withstand the high turbine inlet temperature. Understanding the fluid mechanics and heat transfer of internal blade cooling is, therefore, of paramount importance. This paper presents the impact of swirl cooling flow on the heat transfer of a gas turbine chamber to understand the mechanics of internal blade cooling. The focus is the continuous swirl flow that must be maintained via nonstop injection of tangential flow, whereby swirl flow is generated. The impact of swirl flow considers the velocity fields measured using stereo particle image velocimetry, the wall temperature and the convective heat transfer coefficient measured by liquid crystals. Flow behavior and heat transfer at three Reynolds numbers ranging from 7000 to 21,000 and the average profiles of axial and radial, magnitudes of velocity, and Nusselt numbers are given to research the direct effects of the circular chamber shape. Heat transfer results are measured in a second circular chamber and collected continuously after the system is heat soaked to the required temperature. As part of the results relatively low heat transfer rates were observed near the upstream end of the circular chamber, resulting from a low momentum swirl flow as well as crossflow effects. The thermochromic liquid crystal heat transfer results exemplify how the Nu measured favorably at the midstream of the chamber and values decline downstream.