bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution and population dynamics of the honey bee pathogens Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim in New Zealand
Authors:   , Waters Tammy Leigh 
Published: November 2021

<p>The honey bee Apis mellifera is experiencing colony losses across the world, this is not the first time in history colony losses have been reported. New molecular detection methods such as real-time PCR allow the detection and analysis of pathogens present in colonies, quickly and reliably. Of the pathogens that the honey bee is host to, trypanosomes are one of the least understood and trypanosome interactions within the honey bee host remain largely unknown. Using the bumble bee as a model for this host-parasite relationship. The trypanosome C. bombi is known to cause a reduced ability to gain nutrients from food and an overall decrease in efficiency of queens in founding colonies in spring. These negative correlations are significant enough in the bumble bee to warrant investigation into trypanosomes in the honey bee. The trypanosome C. mellificae was first described in the honey bee in 1967. A screening study in 2009 included a test for and detected the trypanosome in modern honey bee samples. In 2013 C. mellificae was identified as a contributory factor to overwintering colony losses when co-infected with N. ceranae. Following studies detected trypanosomes and led to the characterisation of a new species, L. passim in 2013. Lotmaria passim was first detected in New Zealand in 2014 however no subsequent studies had been undertaken to identify the distribution and dynamics of trypanosomes in New Zealand honey bee colonies. My goal in this study was to identify the presence of trypanosomes in New Zealand. In an overview study of 47 honey bee colonies from across New Zealand, 46 were positive for the L. passim species. Identified by sequencing of the GAPDH gene. A yearlong study of 15 colonies revealed that the infection rate of L. passim was consistent throughout the year and very low genetic variation was detected. Lotmaria passim was detected in all parts of New Zealand sampled in this study and often in high levels. A positive correlation was detected when L. passim was present in addition to N. apis. There was no detection of C. mellificae in my study. The lack of detection of C. mellificae may suggest that the species is not present, or that it is in such low levels it cannot yet be detected. In parallel to this trypanosome study two Nosema spp. and DWV were also examined. Nosema apis was found to be more prevalent than N. ceranae, which was not present in any South Island samples. A strong positive correlation was detected between the two Nosema spp. DWV showed a high level of variation likely a reflection of differing Varroa management practices in apiaries in this study. This study of trypanosomes is the first of its kind in New Zealand identifying the presence and population dynamics of L. passim. This in conjunction with data on Nosema spp. and DWV will be of value to the New Zealand apiculture industry and contribute to global honey bee health studies.</p>
neoliberalismo como ideología y sentido común
Authors: Acanda González Jorge Luis 
Published: November 2021

Pese a las consecuencias terribles que, a lo largo de cuatro décadas, ha tenido la implantación y desarrollo del modelo político-económico-social del neoliberalismo, el mismo sigue presente en la inmensa mayoría de los países del mundo. El artículo explora algunas de las causas de su persistencia y busca entender la capacidad que ha tenido el neoliberalismo para convertirse en la ideología hegemónica, construyendo un sentido común que naturaliza y legitima sus principios fundamentales. De ahí la tesis de que el neoliberalismo se implanta «desde arriba», pero también «desde abajo», y que es necesaria una lucha que rompa los marcos estructurales que han generado su hegemonía.
Pendampingan Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Akuntansi pada UMKM di Desa Kerinjing, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Hakiki Arista , Yusnaini Yusnaini , Khamisah Nur 
Published: November 2021

Sistem Informasi Akuntansi dapat digunakan pada semua jenis dan skala usaha, baik skala besar maupun Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Namun fakta dan data di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar UMKM dan Bumdes beranggapan sistem informasi akuntansi belum diperlukan dalam mengelola usaha bisnis bahkan terkesan mahal dan kompleks. Dari fenomena tersebut dianggap perlunya pendampingan implementasi aplikasi sistem informasi akuntansi untuk UMKM. Pendampingan tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi permasalahan terkait pemanfaatan aplikasi sistem informasi akuntansi UMKM khususnya di Desa Kerinjing. Adapun peserta dari kegiatan pendampingan ini dari kelompok UMKM dan BUMDES Desa Kerinjing. Pendampingan dilakukan dengan pemberian penjelasan tentang pentingnya pemrosesan transaksi untuk UMKM sebagai dasar untuk menyusun laporan keuangan. Selanjutnya diperkenalkan aplikasi software yang sudah dirancang khusus untuk pemrosesan transaksi. Aplikasi berbasis Microsoft Excel ini dirancang sangat sederhana. Pengguna hanya perlu mencatat dan mengentry transaksi terkait penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas. Dalam kegiatan pendampingan ini juga dilakukan demo penggunaan aplikasi software dilanjutkan dengan penggunaan langsung aplikasi oleh perwakilan UMKM dan BUMDES dengan arahan dari instruktur tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat FE UNSRI. Peserta diberikan waktu untuk mencoba aplikasi dengan memasukkan beberapa transaksi rutin penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas. Dengan demikian warga pelaku UMKM dan Bumdes dapat memahami dengan lebih jelas hal-hal yang masih belum dimengerti. Tim pengabdian juga memberikan software yang berisi aplikasi sederhana dalam pelaporan keuangan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh warga Desa Kerinjing khususnya pelaku UMKM dan Bumdes.
Inherited metabolic diseases: aminoacidopathies, organic acidemia, defects of mitochondrial β-oxidation. A brief overview
Authors: Bugun O. V. , Martynovich N. N. , Bogonosova G. P. , Astahova T. A. , Rychkova L. V. 
Published: November 2021

Inherited metabolic diseases are a large group of inherited monogenic diseases. Metabolic disorders can cause child disability and mortality. Tandem mass spectrometry is a powerful technology that allows to diagnosis a large number of hereditary metabolic diseases. Clinical manifestations are variable, but more often the damages of nervous system, heart, liver, kidneys, hyperammonemia, hypo/hyperglycemia take place. The disease can make its debut at any age, but the severe forms of the disease manifest at infancy. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis; many countries expand the list of diseases included in screening programs. At the beginning of 2021 in most regions of the Russian Federation mass newborn screening is carried out for five hereditary metabolic diseases. The age and the range of clinical manifestation are variable; therefore, knowledge of this pathology is very important both for pediatricians and therapists, and for specialized doctors. The article presents a brief description of next groups of metabolic diseases: aminoacidopathies, organic acidurias and fatty acid oxidation defects.
Latissimus dorsi tendon transposition combined with shoulder joint proximal capsule plasty with peroneal longus tendon autograft in the treatment of patients with massive rotator cuff ruptures and proximal dislocation of the humerus head (clinical case)
Authors: Menshova D. V. , Ponomarenko N. S. , Kuklin I. A. 
Published: November 2021

The frequency of rotator cuff injuries in people over 45 years of age is 25.6–50 %, and 40 % of these injuries are massive. Shoulder rotator cuff injury causes disorders in biomechanics of the shoulder joint such as anterior-superior dislocation of the humeral head. Injury of the deltoid muscle combined with a massive rupture of the rotator cuff causes proximal dislocation of the humeral head during any active movement. In the treatment of these cases, surgical methods of treatment are used, such as transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle, proximal capsule plasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. We present a successful clinical case of treatment of a patient with chronic massive injury of the right shoulder joint rotator cuff tendons in combination with the injury of shoulder joint proximal capsule, dislocation of the right humerus head, and hypotrophy of the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle. We performed transposition of the latissimus dorsi tendon in combination with shoulder joint proximal capsule plasty with an autograft of the peroneal longus tendon. The check-up X-rays show that the dislocation of the right shoulder joint was eliminated. In the early postoperative period, the patient started physiotherapy exercises of the operated limb using abduction pillow. By the 7th day after surgery, the abduction of the operated limb reached 70°. The described surgical technique allows to restore congruence in the shoulder joint and the function of the injured limb in severe multiple injuries of the shoulder joint structures.
Immediate results of minimally invasive redo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Podkamenniy V. A. , Sharavin A. A. , Likhandi D. I. , Zheltovsky Yu. V. , Vyrupaev A. V. 
Published: November 2021

Coronary heart disease (CHD) ranks first among the causes of death from cardiac events. Patients who have previously undergone surgical treatment – coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) – are not immune from the return of angina due to the progression of atherosclerosis in the native coronary arteries or degenerative changes in the shunts. Therefore, the issue of redo surgery in this group of patients is debatable.The aim of the research is to show that the use of alternative sternotomy approaches and the rejection of artificial blood circulation (ABC) are considered as possible measures to improve the results of redo CABGs.Materials and methods. In the Cardiac Surgery Unit No. 1 of the Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital from 2003 to 2020, 6773 off-pump CABG surgeries were performed. Of these, 6338 (93.6 %) surgeries were performed using median sternotomy and 435 (6.4 %) surgeries were performed using minitoracotomy or subxyphoid access. Of the 6338 CABG surgeries performed using sternotomy, 58 (0.9 %) were performed repeatedly. All redo surgeries during the period under review were performed by minithoracotomy or subxyphoid access. The indication for redo surgery was the return of angina of III or IV functional class, which did not respond to optimal drug therapy. When performing 54 redo surgeries, the access was leftsided mini-thoracotomy. In 3 patients, CABG was performed by subxyphoid access and in 1 patient – from right-sided mini-thoracotomy.Results. 58 redo CABG surgeries were performed. There was no damage to the access of the heart or functioning shunts. Complications were noted in 5 (8.6 %) patients. In 1 case, a second operation was required due to bleeding from the intercostal artery. In other cases, there were rhythm disturbances, or the need for inotropic support.Conclusion. Performing redo off-pump CABG surgeries using mini-accesses reduces the risk of damage to the heart and functioning shunts, eliminates manipulations on the ascending aorta, and avoids difficulties with cardioplegic protection of the myocardium with a functioning mammarocoronary graft.
Oral Zinc supplementation in the treatment of sepsis in Nepalese children: A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Prasad Kafle Shyam , Rauniyar Lalan Prasad , Ahmad Eqtedar , Koirala Namu , Rouniyar Maya 
Published: November 2021

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. Zinc supplementation has a preventive effect against diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory infections, but little is known about its effect on the treatment of sepsis.
Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of oral Zinc supplementation along with standard antimicrobial therapy in childhood sepsis.
Methods: A randomised, double-blind controlled trial was conducted on 164 septic children between 1-15 years of age from 15th April 2017 to 14th April 2018 in a eastern Nepal tertiary care centre. Block randomisation was done with four participants in each block. There were 21 and 20 blocks in the intervention and in the placebo group respectively. Each child received oral zinc (20 mg elemental zinc/day) or a placebo once a day for 14 days. Percentage was calculated for descriptive statistics and Chi-square for inferential statistics with 95% CI and p <0.05 for data analysis using SPSS v.16.
Results: Of the participants, 84 (51.21%) received Zinc and 80 (48.79%) received a placebo in adjunct to the standard antimicrobial therapy. Most of the children 76 (46.34%) were under five years and were male 98 (59.75%), and 69 (42.07%) were underweight. Those receiving zinc and placebo had similar improvements at discharge; there was no reduction in the need for higher-order antibiotics or in the length of PICU/ hospital stay. Zinc supplementation in childhood sepsis had no benefit on decreasing mortality or decreasing severity (p >0.05).
Conclusion: Zinc supplementation during childhood sepsis does not help in short-term clinical recovery.
Prevalence and Angiographic Characteristics of Coronary Ectasia in Adults: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre of Nepal
Authors: Singh Satish Kumar , Acharya Kiran Prasad , Adhikari Chandra Mani , Tamrakar Rikesh , KC Sanjay Singh , Kharel Sushant , Limbu Yubaraj 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Coronary artery Ectasia is a relatively uncommon problem encountered during coronary angiography with the prevalence ranging from 1.2% to 4.9%. Coronary artery Ectasia and aneurysm both denote an arterial segment the dimension of which is larger than normal arterial segment, both have diameter greater than 1.5 times of normal. The length of dilate segment is greater than its width in Ectasia while less in aneurysm. There is an overlap between risk factors of coronary artery Ectasia and atherosclerosis. The clinical relevance in general, and the appropriate medical management of coronary artery Ectasia specifically, is ill defined, as no randomised prospective studies exists. The study was conducted with an aim to estimate the prevalence of coronary artery Ectasia and aneurysm as well as to study the angiographic characteristics of coronary artery Ectasia and aneurysm undergoing in adult patients’ coronary angiography in tertiary cardiac centre of Nepal.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Shahid Gangalal national heart centre, Nepal analysing the angiographic records from cardiac catheterization lab. A total of 447 patients who underwent coronary angiography and meet the inclusion criteria from July, 2019 to December, 2019 were included in the study. Any angiographic evidence of coronary Ectasia and aneurysm, coronary artery involved and it’s extent were analysed and recorded in the proforma. In addition, any associated evidence of coronary artery disease was analysed and recorded in the proforma.
Results: The findings of our study revealed the overall prevalence of coronary artery Ectasia (CAE) and Coronary artery Aneurysm as 2.6%. Coronary ectasia was most prevalent in left anterior descending (LAD) artery (83.3%), followed by RCA and left main in 66.7% and 16.7% respectively. In contrast, Coronary aneurysm was mostly seen in RCA (66.7%) followed by LCX (33.3%). In addition, the study also showed the frequency of localised Ectasia as 50 % and the association of significant coronary artery disease with coronary artery Ectasia in 66.67%.
Conclusion: CAE and aneurysm are rare phenomenon encountered in routine coronary angiography, with LAD and RCA being most commonly involved in CAE and coronary aneurysm respectively. CAE and aneurysm have significant association with the coronary artery disease.
Evaluation of Left ventricular systolic function by Myocardial Deformation Imaging in Hypertensive patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Baral Bishow Raj , Maskey Arun , Malla Rabi , Rajbhandari Sujeeb , Adhikari Krishna Chandra , Bhandari Shreya , Shrestha Shipra , Pandey Rabindra , Shimkhada Rabindra , Budhathoki Arjun 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Hypertension being one of the commonest non communicable diseases is major risk factor leading to premature death.1 With development of, the left ventricular strain imaging technique by echocardiography the consequences of hypertension may be identified and intervene earlier. The aim of study was to show abnormalities in cardiac function in the form of left ventricular strain imaging in hypertensive patients with preserved Ejection fraction.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, comparative and observational study done in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre and National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital Kathmandu which included hypertensive patients with baseline examination including a medical history, clinical examination and a standardized trans thoracic echocardiography and strain imaging examination and the findings were compared among age and sex frequency matched 82 healthy adults in 1 : 2 ratio. The independent paired t test was used for the comparative statistical analysis.
Results: We enrolled 240 patients in this study, 158 were hypertensive (mean age 48.5 ±6.1 years with 50.6 % female) and 82 healthy control (mean age 45.62 ±6.3 years with 51.2% female). There was no significant difference in conventional echocardiographic parameters between two groups except for left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness that was highest in hypertensive group (p value of <0.001). The hypertensive population has lower mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) value of -18.6% ± 2.06 SD compared to the healthy control population with mean of -19.5% ± 1.1 SD (p value of <0.001).
Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction have subclinical left ventricular dysfunction revealed by GLS imaging technique.
Agitated Saline Contrast Echocardiogram In Cardio-Pulmonary Evaluation
Authors: Hirachan Anish , Sharma Ranjit , Neupane Prabesh 
Published: November 2021

Agitated saline contrast echocardiogram (ASC) is a very useful technique to detect various intracardiac and extra cardiac shunts in daily cardiology practice . Conventional 2D and color echocardiogram may not be well effective in ruling out various intracardiac shunts especially with patients having poor echo window. The introduction of agitated saline with bubbles formed during the study can help delineate different right to left shunt physiology commonly like patent foramen ovale (PFO) which is often sought for in evaluation of cases with young stroke . Various other etiologies like atrial septal defects, atrial septal aneurysm, large right to left shunts with eisenmengerisation can also be evaluated with this simple bedside study.
Congenital Complete Heart Block in Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Rajak Brijmohan , Singh Ruby , Mandal Jitendra 
Published: November 2021

Congenital Complete Heart Block (CHB) in a fetus is a rare diagnosis occurring 1 in 15,000 to 20,000 live births which can be diagnosed by echocardiography. It’s less talked disease. It is uncommonly reported even in countries where fetal echocardiography is performed in much higher numbers. For countries like Nepal, where small number of fetal echocardiography is performed, we present a case of lupus as the cause of congenital CHB.
Towards post-quantum security for cyber-physical systems: Integrating PQC into industrial M2M communication
Authors: Paul Sebastian , Scheible Patrik , Wiemer Friedrich 
Published: November 2021

The threat of a cryptographically relevant quantum computer contributes to an increasing interest in the field of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Compared to existing research efforts regarding the integration of PQC into the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, industrial communication protocols have so far been neglected. Since industrial cyber-physical systems (CPS) are typically deployed for decades, protection against such long-term threats is needed. In this work, we propose two novel solutions for the integration of post-quantum (PQ) primitives (digital signatures and key establishment) into the industrial protocol Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA): a hybrid solution combining conventional cryptography with PQC and a solution solely based on PQC. Both approaches provide mutual authentication between client and server and are realized with certificates fully compliant to the X.509 standard. We implement the two solutions and measure and evaluate their performance across three different security levels. All selected algorithms (Kyber, Dilithium, and Falcon) are candidates for standardization by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We show that Falcon is a suitable option – especially – when using floating-point hardware provided by our ARM-based evaluation platform. Our proposed hybrid solution provides PQ security for early adopters but comes with additional performance and communication requirements. Our solution solely based on PQC shows superior performance across all evaluated security levels in terms of handshake duration compared to conventional OPC UA but comes at the cost of increased handshake sizes. In addition to our performance evaluation, we provide a proof of security in the symbolic model for our two PQC-based variants of OPC UA. For this proof, we use the cryptographic protocol verifier ProVerif and formally verify confidentiality and authentication properties of our quantum-resistant variants.
CONSTRUCTION OF CENTROIDS OF NON-CIRCULAR WEELS ON THE BASIS OF DEFORMATION OF AN ELLIPSE
Authors: Kresan Тetiana 
Published: November 2021

Cylindrical gears in which the centroids are circles are used in various mechanisms and machines to transmit rotational motion between parallel axes. These circles play the role of the initial data on the basis of which the gear teeth are designed. The distance between centroids is determined by the sum of their radii. When one centroid rotates, another centroid rotates in the absence of sliding. This means that the path (that is the length of the arc of a circle) that each centroid passes is equal. A characteristic indicator of such transmission is the gear ratio, which is determined by the ratio of the angular velocity of rotation of one centroid (circle) to another. The gear ratio can also be determined by the ratio of the radii of the centroids, that is circles. It is always constant. If the circles are equal, then the gear ratio is equal to one.
Gears with non-circular wheels are used in various devices and mechanisms. To construct the original (leading) centroid, an equation in the polar coordinate system is used, which describes a whole group of characteristic closed curves. The integer n, which is included in the equation, affects the shape of the original centroid, which has n protrusions and depressions evenly spaced at equal intervals of the polar angle. The driven centroid, which is searched for by the obtained equations on the basis of its rolling on the leading without sliding, also has a similar shape with the number of m protrusions and depressions. The centroid pair is given by the numbers n for the leading curve and m for the driven curve. The combination of these two numbers gives different pairs of centroids. If n=m, then the master and slave centroids will be congruent. This case is advantageous in that both centroids have the same shape and are made according to the same scheme, which reduces the complexity of the work. At n=m=0 the centroids will be congruent circles, at n=m=1 - congruent ellipses with centers of rotation in the foci.
An important feature of the developed approach is that the subinterval expression obtained on the basis of the equality of the corresponding arcs of both centroids can be integrated. This allows us to obtain the parametric equations of the driven centroid in the final form.