bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De nieuwe deontologische code van de Belgische erkende bemiddelaars
Authors: Lancksweerdt Eric 
Published: July 2021

The new code of ethics for Belgian accredited mediators
Pursuant to Article 1727, § 2, 5 of the Belgian Judicial Code, the federal mediation commission, which manages the mediation process in Belgium, must draw up a code of ethics. After drawing up a code of conduct in 2007, she recently developed a new code of ethics on 16 December 2020. The main lines of this code of ethics are discussed in this contribution.
30 Years of CEDR
Authors: Mackie Karl 
Published: July 2021

30 Years of CEDR
Karl Mackie writes some thoughts on CEDR’s experience, giving insights into the growth of ADR and strategies for change. He expects there will be a major demand for strategies for change on many fronts as the world comes out of a pandemic, so there may be some more generic lessons for readers with new ambitions as well as insights into ADR.
Drugscriminaliteit in de Lage Landen
Authors: Roks Robby , Kleemans Edward , Blokland Arjan 
Published: July 2021

Drug crime in the Low Countries. Estimating the size of the illicit drug economy and examining the links between the illicit drug industry and the licit world in the Netherlands and Belgium
As drug producing countries and logistical hubs, the Netherlands and Belgium are topping the worldwide charts in the field of international drug trafficking. For this reason, the Netherlands – and to a lesser extent Belgium – is depicted as a ‘narco state’ in the media and the political arena. Another term that is frequently used when it comes to crime problems related to drugs is ‘subversive crime’. In this introduction of the special issue on drug crime, the authors elaborate on two themes that are central to the terms ‘narco state’ and ‘subversive crime’: the size and estimates of the drug economy and the embeddedness of the drug industry in the legal world in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Open heimelijke netwerken in de Nederlandstalige georganiseerde synthetische-drugscriminaliteit
Authors: Vermeulen Irma , Soudijn Melvin , van der Leest Wouter 
Published: July 2021

Overt covert networks within the Dutch-speaking synthetic drug market
In recent years, the authorities have dismantled several encrypted phone providers. These providers stored millions of messages about covert activities that were overtly exchanged between criminals. This type of communication offers a unique insight into serious organized crime and the people involved. Based on one such intercepted encrypted phone network, called PGP-Safe, we carried out a social network analysis on the Dutch-speaking synthetic drug market. Three findings stand out. Firstly, three-quarters of all accounts (N=4,158) are interconnected in a giant component, resulting in a criminal small-world effect. Secondly, the network appears to be robust. As a consequence, the removal of central accounts will hardly have any impact on the network as a whole. Thirdly, the majority of the accounts within the synthetic drug market is involved in poly-drug trafficking. The Dutch synthetic drug market is much more closely intertwined with other drug markets than is commonly known.
Fear of drowning by numbers?
Authors: van Valkenhoef Judith , Tops Pieter 
Published: July 2021

Fear of drowning by numbers? Turnover calculations of synthetic drugs production in the Netherlands
In 2018 we published a report on the production of synthetic drugs in the Netherlands. We calculated the turnover of synthetic drugs produced in the Netherlands in 2017; we estimated it to be at least 18.9 billion euro (worldwide, street prices). In this article, we will discuss how these calculations were executed and on which assumptions they were based. We describe the responses to these calculations, nationally and internationally. Finally, we describe problems we encountered when performing a repetition of the calculations for the year 2018. Our central message is: drug turnover calculations can be an important addition to scientific and political discussions about illicit drugs, provided they are presented in a transparent way and acknowledging the inherent limitations of these calculations.
Efficacy profile of the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine revealed by Bayesian survival analysis of individual-level phase III data
Authors: Laydon Daniel J , Dorigatti Ilaria , Hinsley Wes R , Nedjati-Gilani Gemma , Coudeville Laurent , Ferguson Neil M 
Published: July 2021

Background:Sanofi-Pasteur’s CYD-TDV is the only licensed dengue vaccine. Two phase three trials showed higher efficacy in seropositive than seronegative recipients. Hospital follow-up revealed increased hospitalisation in 2–5- year-old vaccinees, where serostatus and age effects were unresolved.Methods:We fit a survival model to individual-level data from both trials, including year 1 of hospital follow-up. We determine efficacy by age, serostatus, serotype and severity, and examine efficacy duration and vaccine action mechanism.Results:Our modelling indicates that vaccine-induced immunity is long-lived in seropositive recipients, and therefore that vaccinating seropositives gives higher protection than two natural infections. Long-term increased hospitalisation risk outweighs short-lived immunity in seronegatives. Independently of serostatus, transient immunity increases with age, and is highest against serotype 4. Benefit is higher in seropositives, and risk enhancement is greater in seronegatives, against hospitalised disease than against febrile disease.Conclusions:Our results support vaccinating seropositives only. Rapid diagnostic tests would enable viable ‘screen-then-vaccinate’ programs. Since CYD-TDV acts as a silent infection, long-term safety of other vaccine candidates must be closely monitored.Funding:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Royal Society.Clinical trial number:NCT01373281 and NCT01374516.
Associations Between Safety of Certolizumab Pegol, Disease Activity, and Patient Characteristics, Including Corticosteroid Use and Body Mass Index
Authors: Bykerk Vivian P. , Blauvelt Andrew , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Kvien Tore K. , Winthrop Kevin , Tilt Nicola , Popova Christina , Mariette Xavier , Haraoui Boulos 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of baseline and time‐varying factors on the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) in patients during long‐term certolizumab pegol (CZP) treatment.MethodsSafety data were pooled across 34 CZP clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and plaque psoriasis (PSO). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to investigate the association of baseline patient characteristics with risk of serious infectious events (SIEs), malignancies, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Cox modeling for recurrent events assessed the impact of time‐varying body mass index (BMI), systemic corticosteroid (CS) use, and disease activity on SIE risk in RA and SAE risk in PSO.ResultsData were pooled from 8747 CZP‐treated patients across indications. Cox models reported a 44% increase in SIE risk associated with a baseline BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more versus a baseline BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 to less than 25 kg/m2. Baseline systemic CS use, age of 65 years or more, and disease duration of 10 years or longer also increased SIE risk. Older age was the only identified risk factor for malignancies. The risk of MACEs increased 107% for BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more versus BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 to less than 25 kg/m2 and increased 51% for men versus women. Higher disease activity, older age, systemic CS use, BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more, and baseline comorbidities were SIE risk factors in RA. Age and systemic CS use were risk factors for SAEs in PSO.ConclusionAge, BMI, systemic CS use, and disease activity were identified as SIE risk factors in CZP‐treated patients. Risk of malignancies was greater in older patients, whereas obesity and male sex were MACE risk factors.
Neutrophil Delivered Hollow Titania Covered Persistent Luminescent Nanosensitizer for Ultrosound Augmented Chemo/Immuno Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Li Yujie , Teng Xucong , Wang Yongji , Yang Chunrong , Yan Xiuping , Li Jinghong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with unmet therapeutic demand. The blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) and tumor heterogeneity limit the treatment effectiveness of various interventions. Here, an ultrasound augmented chemo/immuno therapy for GBM using a neutrophil‐delivered nanosensitizer, is developed. The sensitizer is composed of a ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGO) core for persistent luminescence imaging and a hollow sono‐sensitive TiO2 shell to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for controlled drug release. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (Anti‐PD‐1 antibody) is trapped in the interior of the porous ZGO@TiO2 with paclitaxel (PTX) loaded liposome encapsulation to form ZGO@TiO2@ALP. Delivered by neutrophils (NEs), ZGO@TiO2@ALP‐NEs can penetrate through BBB for GBM accumulation. After intravenous injection, ultrasound irradiation at GBM sites initiates ROS generation from ZGO@TiO2@ALP, leading to liposome destruction for PTX and anti‐PD‐1 antibody release to kill tumors and induce local inflammation, which in‐turn attractes more ZGO@TiO2@ALP‐NEs to migrate into tumor sites for augmented and sustained therapy. The treatment enhances the survival rate of the GBM bearing mice from 0% to 40% and endows them with long‐term immuno‐surveillance for tumor recurrence, providing a new approach for precision therapy against GBM and other cancers.
Opportunities from Doping of Non‐Critical Metal Oxides in Last Generation Light‐Conversion Devices
Authors: Gatti Teresa , Lamberti Francesco , Mazzaro Raffaello , Kriegel Ilka , Schlettwein Derck , Enrichi Francesco , Lago Nicolò , Di Maria Eleonora , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Vomiero Alberto , Gross Silvia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe need to develop sustainable energy solutions is an urgent requirement for society, with the additional requirement to limit dependence on critical raw materials, within a virtuous circular economy model. In this framework, it is essential to identify new avenues for light‐conversion into clean energy and fuels exploiting largely available materials and green production methods. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) emerge among other species for their remarkable environmental stability, chemical tunability, and optoelectronic properties. MOSs are often key constituents in next generation energy devices, mainly in the role of charge selective layers. Their use as light harvesters is hitherto rather limited, but progressively emerging. One of the key strategies to boost their properties involves doping, that can improve charge mobility, light absorption and tune band structures to maximize charge separation at heterojunctions. In this review, effective methods to dope MOSs and to exploit the derived benefits in relation to performance enhancement in different types of devices are identified and critically compared. The work is focused specifically on the best opportunities coming from the use of non‐critical raw materials, so as to contribute in defining an economically feasible roadmap for light conversion technologies based on these highly stable and widely available compounds.
Wine's belated globalization, 1845–2025
Authors: Anderson Kym , Pinilla Vicente 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the latest wave of globalization, the share of global wine production crossing national borders has trebled since the mid‐1980s, to more than 40%. Prior to then, wine was confined mostly to southern Europe with very little trade outside Europe. Why was wine globalization so belated? Why did it take so long for wine exports to take off even in the New World regions of European settlement? This article addresses these questions and also seeks to explain the bilateral patterns of wine trade. It concludes by speculating briefly on how wine markets might develop in the foreseeable future.
Catalytic Reduction of N2 to Borylamine at a Molybdenum Complex
Authors: Bennaamane Soukaina , Espada Maria F. , Mulas Andrea , Personeni Théo , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Fustier‐Boutignon Marie , Bucher Christophe , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCatalytic formation of borylamines from atmospheric N2 is achieved for the first time using a series of homogenous (triphosphine)Mo complexes. Stepwise functionalization of the (triphosphine)Mo‐nitrido complex with chloroborane led to the synthesis of the imido complex. Electrochemical characterization of the (PPP)Mo‐nitrido and (PPP)Mo‐borylimido complexes showed that the latter is much more easily reduced.
A water‐stable luminescent sensor based on Cd2+ coordination polymer for detecting nitroimidazole antibiotics in water
Authors: Ji Xiaoxi , Wu Shuangyan , Song Dongxue , Chen Shiyu , Chen Qing , Gao Enjun , Xu Jin , Zhu Xiaopeng , Zhu Mingchang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffective detection of antibiotics is essential for human health and environmental protection. A new type of water‐stable fluorescent sensor was synthesized and characterized. The antibiotics in the water were detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. The complex presents excellent fluorescence quenching effect on nitroimidazole antibiotics with high selectivity and sensitivity and shows lower limits of detection with a wider linear range. The limit of detection (LOD) of the complex are 0.46 nM for ornidazole (ODZ), 0.73 nM for dimetridazole (DTZ), and 0.46 nM for metronidazole (MDZ). The Ksv values are calculated to be 1.11 × 104 M−1 for ODZ, 0.70 × 104 M−1 for DTZ, and 1.10 × 104 M−1 for MDZ. In addition, the sensor is recyclable and is expected to be used in the detection of nitroimidazole antibiotics in water. The luminescence quenching of Cd2+ complex towards nitroimidazole antibiotics ascribed to the combination of electron transfer and energy transfer.
Health profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder: Differences between women and men
Authors: DaWalt Leann Smith , Taylor Julie Lounds , Movaghar Arezoo , Hong Jinkuk , Kim Bryan , Brilliant Murray , Mailick Marsha R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. Utilizing electronic health records drawn from a single health care system serving over 2 million individuals, 2119 adults with diagnosed autism spectrum disorders were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. When considering health care utilization, we found evidence of multiplicative risk for conditions within some domains (i.e., nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders) such that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experienced double jeopardy—meaning they had greater rates of health care utilization within a domain than what would separately be expected by virtue of being a woman and having ASD. For other domains (i.e., endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders), the risk was additive such that being a female and having ASD were both associated with higher health care utilization, but there were no significant interaction effects. It was only with respect to one domain (cardiovascular) that rates of health care utilization were reflective of neither ASD diagnosis nor sex. Overall, our findings suggest that women with ASD are a vulnerable subgroup with high levels of health care utilization.Lay SummaryThis study asked whether women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. To answer this question, we used data from electronic health records. We found that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were at the greatest risk for health problems such as nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders. More research on health of women with ASD is needed.
Water Systems as Plaintiffs
Authors: Sansone Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2021

Key TakeawaysOver the past two decades, water systems have recovered billions of dollars in verdicts and settlements through lawsuits against polluters and used these recoveries to fund remediation.In most situations in which defective products are responsible for contaminating drinking water supplies, the supplier will need to bring its own lawsuit against the responsible parties to achieve monetary recovery.When a manufacturer has information about its products’ risks and fails to act on it in a responsible way, that manufacturer has been negligent and is responsible for any harm that results.Though concerns about entering into litigation are understandable, many water suppliers have found it well worth the risk to hold polluters accountable.
Associations between cancer diagnosis and patients’ responses to an inpatient tobacco treatment intervention
Authors: Palmer Amanda M. , Rojewski Alana M. , Nahhas Georges J. , Michael Cummings K. , Warren Graham W. , Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of a chronic illness, such as cancer may influence health behavior changes, such as smoking cessation. The present analyses examine associations between a cancer diagnosis (i.e., yes or no) and response to an opt‐out smoking cessation bedside intervention provided to hospitalized patients. It was hypothesized that patients with a past or present cancer diagnosis would report higher motivation and engagement with quitting smoking, and higher rates of smoking abstinence after hospital discharge, compared to those without a cancer diagnosis.MethodsChart review was conducted on 5287 inpatients who accepted bedside treatment from a counselor and opted‐in to automated follow‐up calls from July 2014 to December 2019.ResultsAt the time of inpatient assessment, those with a past or present cancer diagnosis (n = 419, 7.9%) endorsed significantly higher levels of importance of quitting than those without a cancer diagnosis (3.92/5 vs. 3.77/5), and were more likely to receive smoking cessation medication upon discharge (17.9% vs. 13.3%). Follow‐up data from 30‐days post‐discharge showed those with a cancer diagnosis endorsed higher rates of self‐reported abstinence (20.5%) than those without a cancer diagnosis (10.3%; p < 0.001).ConclusionBeing hospitalized for any reason provides an opportunity for smokers to consider quitting. Having a previous diagnosis of cancer appears to increase intention to quit and lead to higher rates of smoking cessation in patients who are hospitalized compared to patients without cancer. Future research needs to work toward optimizing motivation for smoking cessation while admitted to a hospital and on improving quit rates for all admitted patients, regardless of diagnosis.
Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ROS production and cell apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes via the miR‐100‐5p/NOX4 axis
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Cai Zhuyun , Zhou Qi , Li Lexiang , Fu Peiliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCyclic strain‐induced chondrocyte damage is actively involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and arthritis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) carried by exosomes have been implicated in various diseases. However, the role of miR‐100‐5p in cyclic strain‐induced chondrocyte damage remains to be elucidated. miR‐100‐5p and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were silenced or overexpressed in human primary articular chondrocytes. PKH‐67 Dye was used to trace exosome endocytosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored using DCFH‐DA. Cell apoptosis was measured using a flow cytometer. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blots were used to evaluate gene expression. Cyclic strain promoted ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes in a time‐dependent manner. HucMSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐100‐5p inhibited cyclic strain‐induced ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes. miR‐100‐5p directly targeted NOX4. Overexpressing NOX4 attenuated hucMSCs‐derived exosomes‐mediated protective effects in primary articular chondrocytes. Cyclic strain promotes ROS production and apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes, which was abolished by hucMSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐100‐5p through its target NOX4. The findings highlight the importance of miR‐100‐5p/NOX4 axis in primary articular chondrocytes injury and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for articular chondrocytes injury and osteoarthritis.
Scalable Synthesis of Ga2O3/N‐Doped C Nanopapers as High‐Rate Performance Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Zhen , Li Daobo , Zhang Dongmei , Xu Jie , Lu Junlin , Ni Shibing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGa2O3 is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity and low lithiation potential. However, its performance improvement has been seriously hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, Ga2O3/N doped C nanopapers (Ga2O3/NC NPs) are firstly designed and synthesized via a scalable biomass‐aided approach. The as‐prepared Ga2O3/NC NPs deliver high reversible capacity and prominent rate capability as anode for LIBs, owing to its excellent reaction kinetics. It shows high discharge capacity of 477 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, without obvious capacity attenuation upon cycling. After 3 periodic rate performance testing ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 A g−1, the reversible capacity of the Ga2O3/NC NPs still retains to 517 mAh g−1 when the current is reverting to 0.1 A g−1. The low and safe working potential, the prominent electrochemical performance and the scalable synthesis method for the Ga2O3/NC NPs endow it with great promising toward practical application.
Size‐Controlled Hapticity Switching in [Ln(C9H9)(C8H8)] Sandwiches
Authors: Tricoire Maxime , Münzfeld Luca , Moutet Jules , Mahieu Nolwenn , La Droitte Léo , Moreno‐Pineda Eufemio , Gendron Frédéric , Hilgar Jeremy D. , Rinehart Jeffrey D. , Ruben Mario , Le Guennic Boris , Cador Olivier , Roesky Peter W. , Nocton Grégory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSandwich complexes of lanthanides have recently attracted a considerable amount of interest due to their applications as Single Molecule Magnet (SMM). Herein, a comprehensive series of heteroleptic lanthanide sandwich complexes ligated by the cyclononatetraenyl (Cnt) and the cyclooctatetraenyl (Cot) ligand [Ln(Cot)(Cnt)] (Ln=Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Yb, and Lu) is reported. The coordination behavior of the Cnt ligand has been investigated along the series and shows different coordination patterns in the solid‐state depending on the size of the corresponding lanthanide ion without altering its overall anisotropy. Besides the characterization in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and in solution by 1H NMR, static magnetic studies and ab initio computational studies were performed.
“Snapshot” Trapping of Multiple Transient Azolyllithiums in Batch
Authors: Inoue Kengo , Feng Yuxuan , Mori Atsunori , Okano Kentaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Kentaro Okano and co‐workers at Kobe University. The image depicts that the ‘dancing’ transient organolithiums in the ′halogen dance’ are successfully trapped in a batch reactor as if their individual snapshots were taken. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101256.