bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debris discs in binaries: morphology and photometric signatures
Authors: Thebault P. , Kral Q. , Olofsson J. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Since about half of all main-sequence stars reside in multiple star systems, it is important to consider the effect of binarity on the evolution of planetesimal belts in these complex systems.
Aims. We aim to see whether debris belts evolving between two stars may be impacted by the presence of the companion and whether this leaves any detectable signature that could be observed with current or future instruments.
Methods. We consider a circumprimary parent body (PB) planetesimal belt that is placed just inside the stability limit between the two stars and we use the state-of-the-art DyCoSS code to follow the coupled dynamical and collisional evolution of the dust produced by this PB belt. We explore several free parameters, such as the belt’s mass and the binary’s mass ratio as well as its orbital eccentricity. We use the GraTeR package to produce 2D luminosity maps and system-integrated spectral energy distributions (SEDs).
Results. We confirm a preliminary result obtained by previous DyCoSS studies, which is that the coupled effect of collisional activity, binary perturbations, and stellar radiation pressure is able to place and maintain a halo of small grains in the dynamically unstable region between the two stars. In addition, we identify several prominent spatial structures, notably, a single spiral arm stretching all the way from the PB belt to the companion star. We also identify a fainter and more compact disc around the secondary star, which is non-native and feeds off small grains from the unstable halo. The halo, spiral arm, and secondary disc should all be detectable on resolved images by instruments with capacities on the level of SPHERE. The system as a whole is depleted of small grains when compared to a companion-free case. This depletion leaves an imprint on the system’s integrated SED, which appears colder than for the same parent body belt around a single star. This new finding could explain why the SED-derived location, rdisc, of some unresolved discs-in-binaries places their primary belt in the dynamically ’forbidden’ region between the two stars: indeed, this apparent paradox could be due to an overestimation of rdisc when using empirical prescriptions that are valid for the case of a single star.
Vergiftung durch Rauchgase – Kohlenmonoxidintoxikation
Authors: Wirtz Sebastian , Callies Andreas , Schaper Andreas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie meisten inhalativen Vergiftungen entstehen durch Kohlenmonoxid (CO). Ursachen sind in der Regel Brände in Gebäuden, aus denen die Betroffenen nicht schnell genug flüchten konnten (Abb. 1), oder CO-Emissionen aus Feuerungsanlagen und Verbrennungsmotoren. Zu den selteneren Ursachen zählen sog. Indoor-Grills, der Aufenthalt in Shisha-Bars oder in unbelüfteten Holzpellet-Lagern.
Michael Addition of Indoles to Enones Catalyzed by a Cationic Iron Salt
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Inishi Tsukasa , Hirata Goki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndoles are one of the most valuable nucleophiles in Michael additions catalyzed by a proper Lewis acid. In this paper, we found that a cationic iron salt is effective to carry out the Michael addition of indoles. β-Mono- and disubstituted enones reacted smoothly with indoles under our conditions. The cationic iron catalyst is very active, and the maximum TON was up to 425. Moreover, cationic iron-catalyzed conditions enabled a chemoselective Michael addition of a substrate possessing both enone and α,β-unsaturated ester moieties.
A Short Approach to N-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines from N-(2-Bromobenzyl)anilines via a Reductive Amination/Palladium-Catalyzed Ethoxyvinylation/Reductive N-Alkylation Sequence
Authors: Bracher Franz , Glas Carina , Wirawan Ricky 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
N-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are obtained via a convenient and short protocol with a broad range of substituents on both aromatic rings and high functional group tolerance. Starting from readily available ortho-brominated aromatic aldehydes and primary aromatic amines, condensation of these building blocks under reductive conditions gives N-aryl 2-bromobenzylamines. The C-3/C-4-unit of the tetrahydroisoquinoline is introduced using commercially available 2-ethoxyvinyl pinacolboronate under Suzuki conditions. Finally, the obtained crude ortho-ethoxyvinyl benzylamines are cyclized via an intramolecular reductive amination using the combination of triethylsilane/TFA to give the desired N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Accurate Tongue–Palate Pressure Sensing Device to Study Speech Production and Swallowing in Patients with Complete Denture
Authors: Mirchandani Bharat , Perrier Pascal , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Jeannin Christophe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives The mechanical interactions between tongue and palate are crucial for speech production and swallowing. In this study, we presented examples of pressure signals that can be recorded with our PRESLA system (PRESLA holds for the French expression “PRESsion de la LAngue” [Pressure from the tongue]) to assess these motor functions, and we illustrate which issues can be tackled with such a system.
Materials and Methods A single French-speaking edentulous subject, old wearer of a complete denture, with no speech production and swallowing disorders, was recorded during the production of nonsense words including French alveolar fricatives, and during dry and water swallowing. The PRESLA system used strain-gauge transducers that were inserted into holes drilled in the palatal surface of a duplicate of the prosthesis at six locations that were relevant for speech production and swallowing. Pressure signals were postsynchronized with the motor tasks based on audio signals.
Results Patterns of temporal variations of the pressure exerted by the tongue on the palate are shown for the two studied motor tasks. It is shown for our single subject that patterns for fricative /s/ are essentially bell shaped, whereas pressure signals observed for water swallow begin with a maximum followed by a slow decrease during the rest of the positive pressure phase. Pressure magnitude is almost 20 times larger for water swallow than for /s/ production.
Conclusions This study illustrates the usefulness of our PRESLA system for studying speech production and swallowing motor control under normal and pathological conditions.
Impact on Quality of Life of Patients Treated by Different File Systems for Root Canal Treatment
Authors: L.S Priyanka , Rao Lakshmi Nidhi , Shetty Aditya , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Chitharanjan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction The outcomes of oral health conditions and therapy for those conditions are described by the term “oral health-related quality of life.” Oral health-related quality of life is recognized by the World Health Organization as an important part of the Global Oral Health Program. The study aims to compare the impact of three root canal preparation systems on patients’ quality of life and correlate postoperative pain with the impact on the quality of life.
Materials and Methods A survey was performed in which 90 patients were randomly assigned to three groups based on the root canal preparation system: (1) ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States), (2) Neoendo flex (Neoendo, India), and (3) Hyflex EDM/CM (Coltene Whaledent) that included 30 participants in each group. Data collection included the implementation of a demographic data questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (quality of life), and visual analogue scale(pain). The questionnaire was given after root canal treatment in the first 24 hours. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.
Results No significant differences were found in the quality of life among study groups. Group 1 demonstrated a highly significant difference in the postoperative pain with p value of 2.67.
Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, Protaper Gold showed a highly significant difference in postoperative pain when compared with other file systems. No significant differences were found in the quality of life among the study groups.
Vegetation change in semi-permanent or ephemeral montane marshes (lagoons) of the New England Tablelands Bioregion
Authors: Hunter John T. 
Published: January 2021

The vegetation communities within semi-permanent or ephemeral montane marshes colloquially known as lagoons are an under investigated wetland type of the New England Tablelands Bioregion (NETB) yet they are listed (Upland Wetlands) on both state and federal acts as endangered. Lack of survey and analysis of plot data has meant that the variation in vegetation due to zonation, seasonality and unpredictable wetting and drying cycles are poorly understood. Here, 317 full floristic 2 × 2-m plots were placed across 13 lagoons. The plot data were classified to allow description of native and novel vegetation types using the hierarchical EcoVeg schema. The updated classification includes one Division and Macrogroup with 15 Alliances and 47 Associations. Permanent 50-m transects with a 1 × 1-m plot at every 5 m (10 per transect) were placed within lagoons. Five lagoons were resurveyed annually for 3 years. Within transects, each plot was assigned an Association after each survey period. Approximately one third of transect plots changed in vegetation type each year, often at the Alliance level. Over the 3-year period the number of Associations reduced by ~30% across transects associated with increasing drought and drying out of the wetlands. Transitional environments with the greatest level of hydrological periodicity had the greatest variety of Associations recorded. Highly dynamic systems with increased temporal turnover are likely to require increased sampling effort both spatially and temporally than more stable vegetated systems. The constant changing nature of these communities poses significant issues for management and conservation planning, including benchmarking and offsetting, which may require novel solutions.
Automatic detection of influential actors in disinformation networks
Authors: Smith Steven T. , Kao Edward K. , Mackin Erika D. , Shah Danelle C. , Simek Olga , Rubin Donald B. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceHostile influence operations (IOs) that weaponize digital communications and social media pose a rising threat to open democracies. This paper presents a system framework to automate detection of disinformation narratives, networks, and influential actors. The framework integrates natural language processing, machine learning, graph analytics, and network causal inference to quantify the impact of individual actors in spreading the IO narrative. We present a classifier that detects reported IO accounts with 96% precision, 79% recall, and 96% AUPRC, demonstrated on real social media data collected for the 2017 French presidential election and known IO accounts disclosed by Twitter. Our system also discovers salient network communities and high-impact accounts that are independently corroborated by US Congressional reports and investigative journalism.
Retrospective analysis of the Italian exit strategy from COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Marziano Valentina , Guzzetta Giorgio , Rondinone Bruna Maria , Boccuni Fabio , Riccardo Flavia , Bella Antonino , Poletti Piero , Trentini Filippo , Pezzotti Patrizio , Brusaferro Silvio , Rezza Giovanni , Iavicoli Sergio , Ajelli Marco , Merler Stefano 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceWe use a mathematical model to evaluate the Italian exit strategy after the lockdown imposed against the COVID-19 epidemics, comparing it to a number of alternative scenarios. We highlight that a successful reopening requires two critical conditions: a low value of the reproduction number and a low incidence of infection. The first is needed to allow some margin for expansion after the lifting of restrictions; the second is needed because the level of incidence will be maintained approximately constant after the reproduction number has grown to values close to one. Furthermore, we suggest that, even with significant reductions of transmission rates, resuming social contacts at prepandemic levels escalates quickly the COVID-19 burden.
Bidens pilosa (blackjack).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Bidens pilosa is a widespread weed of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. This species has high reproductive potential and fast-growing rates, which are traits enabling it to rapidly spread and colonize new areas. A single plant may produce up to 6000 seeds per year and its seeds can easily be dispersed attached to animals, birds, human clothes or by wind and water. Seeds may remain viable for 5-6 years. This species is also adapted to grow in a wide range of habitats and soil types. It benefits from disturbances and quickly invades after fire and soil tillage. It has the potential to grow rapidly forming dense stands that outcompete and eliminate crops and native vegetation. The leaf and the root contain allelopathic substances that suppress the germination and establishment of seedlings of native plant species. The dense thickets can also affect roads, rails and recreation areas and are nuisance to travellers and tourists. Its burs irritate people and livestock and the roots, leaves, and flowers are strongly phytotoxic and poisonous. Currently it is listed as an agricultural and environmental weed in more than 40 countries.
Influence of constraint conditions on the seasonal variation of the concrete temperature cracks in a tunnel final lining
Authors: Ma J Q , Xue C , Wang L , Fang P , Ren K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Temperature and shrinkage cracks are still not rare in tunnel and underground cast-in-place concrete linings. The features of the constraint conditions during temperature dropping stage of the lining in construction are rigorously concerned in terms of crack prevention and magnitude control. The width seasonal variations of the temperature cracks in a tunnel concrete final lining, monitored with vibrating strain gauges, imply that the constraint conditions, on which the temperature and shrinkage cracks developed in the lining concrete during the temperature dropping stage, are working and of successive features in the post-construction period. Therefore, the seasonal variation of the crack widths can partially indicate the constraint conditions of the cast-in-place lining concrete cracking in construction period. Considering the cracks beyond the planned allowable values, the results from this case imply that it is beneficial to apply a flexible layer on the outer surface of cast-in-place concrete lining in concrete crack resistance design and construction quality control, especially for a tunnel with cast-in-place concrete monolithic lining or two-pass lining.
Synthesis of layered double hydroxide from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash for phosphate removal
Authors: Wajima T , Suhara A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we attempted to synthesize layered double hydroxide (LDH) from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash for phosphorus removal. There is a big problem that a large amount of these ashes are discharged to dispose at landfill as industrial wastes due to the shortage of landfill sites in Japan. On the other hand, water pollution caused by anions, such as eutrophication with phosphoric acid (PO4
3−) in wastewater, has become a problem. In this study, the biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash were added to HCl to dissolve cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Al3+, in the ash to prepare acidic liquid mixture with a molar ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) / (Fe3+ + Al3+) = 5.2, and the mixture stirred to synthesize the product including LDH at 40 °C for 6 h with keeping pH 12.5. As the result, Ca-Mg-Fe-Al LDH was successfully synthesized from the solution extracted from biomass combustion ash and coal fly ash using HCl, and the obtained product showed high phosphorus removal ability. From Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to estimate the phosphorus adsorption of the product, Langmuir equation could be more realistic than the Freundlich’s equation, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is 2.33 mmol/g.
Preface
Authors: Choi Young-Do , Ahn Soo-Hwang 
Published: January 2021

We, representing IAHR Asia Working Group(AWG), are pleased to conclude the 2nd IAHR-Asia Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR-Asia 2019) with successful and fruitful academic achievements, which was held on September 24-25, 2019 in Busan, Korea.
By this international meeting, current research activities and advanced technologies relating to modern hydraulic machinery were introduced and a more efficient way of sustainable development for our future was discussed together with all participants.
This conference has attracted nearly 200 scholars and experts from 8 different countries and regions in the field of hydraulic machinery and systems to share new research results and advanced developments.
We are very grateful that Professor Young-Ho Lee from Korea Maritime and Ocean University of Korea presided as a chair, Professor Zhengwei Wang from Tsinghua University of China and Professor Kazuyoshi Miyagawa from Waseda University of Japan as co-chairs over the conference. Thanks for all participants for their attendance and sharing the constructive and fruitful discussions.
The conference consists of three main parts: invited lecture, general sessions and special sessions covering a wide range of subjects from hydro turbines, pumps, pump-turbines, small and micro hydropower, computational and experimental technique, cavitation, vibration and fluid structure interactions, ocean energy (wave & tidal, OTEC), design optimization of hydraulic machinery and systems, single- & multi-stage pumps and pump sump model tests (CFD & experiment).
It is our great honor that 3 experts gave outstanding and excellent invited lectures: Prof. Xianguo Qian, from the China Dredging Association, China; Mr. Yaowu Xu, from State Grid Xinyuan Company, China; Prof. Bhola Thapa, from Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Besides the invited lectures, there were 71 general session presentations as well as 8 special session presentations. Oral speakers and poster presenters shared their latest research results with the audience, the audience actively and enthusiastically participated in by asking questions and sharing discussions. This conference proceeding included 28 accepted articles selected from 157 submissions.
We are extremely grateful for organizers, committee members and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and participants for their active attending. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.
On behalf of the Organizing Committee of IAHR-Asia 2019
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Design Parameters on Gas-liquid Transport Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: He L , Zhang J Y , Zhang Z M , Meng L , Zhu H W , Li T Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Traditional centrifugal pumps have obvious advantages for transporting pure liquidmedia, but the existence of gas phase will cause the decline of head and efficiency, and even air blockage. Therefore, it is strongly necessary to design a gas-liquid pump with superior performance. There are various parameters that can affect the multiphase centrifugal pump performance and energy consumption. The blade outlet angle and blade number are the most critical. In this paper, CFD method is used to study the influence of outlet angle and blade number on gas-liquid transport of centrifugal pump. The results show that the boosting pressure of centrifugal impeller decreases with the increases of gas volume fraction and the boosting pressure for impeller of lower outlet angle decreases to a greater degree when the gas volume faction increases. The hydraulic performance of impeller with blade number of 6 and 8 is compared, which shows impeller with blade number of 8 has higher boosting pressure and higher efficiency than blade number of 6 under the same gas-liquid working condition. This paper will provide reference for the design of multi-phase pump to meet the requirements of gas-liquid flow.
Numerical prediction of sediment erosion in reference Francis turbine for complete operating range
Authors: Lama Ram , Gautam Saroj , Neopane Hari Prasad , Thapa Biraj Singh , Chitrakar Sailesh , Ghimire Amul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Erosive and abrasive wear affect the overall performance of hydro-turbines. Hard and excessive sediment particles are unavoidable in power plants of Himalayan basins. However, modifying the design of turbine components to have a minimum impact of the sediments could be one of the viable solutions. Past studies have shown possibilities of minimizing the erosion in turbine components by changing the blade angle distribution of the runner. The optimizations were based on the designed condition, i.e. at the Best Efficiency Point (BEP) of the turbine. The turbines are however, operated in various conditions, which might produce a different erosion scenario compared to BEP. Hence, the optimization process should also take these off-designed points under consideration. This paper presents a case study of Jhimruk hydropower plant of Nepal, whose turbine components get severely eroded due to sediments. Steady state numerical simulations for 4 guide vanes and 3 runner blade passages are done for the predictions of efficiency and percentile sediment erosion rate density (PSERD) on runner blades for 11 operating conditions including BEP. Apart from the conventional efficiency hill chart diagram, this paper focuses on the development of a hill diagram of PSERD, such that the prediction of the erosion in turbines can be done similar to the efficiency. Introduction of such PSERD hill diagrams could be a standard mean for the design optimization of turbines in sediment laden water.
Numerical Analysis of Rotor Dynamics of Dredge Pump Shafting
Authors: Zhai L M , Cao L , Cao J W , Lei H M , Ahn S H , Chen F N , Luo Y Y , Xiao Y X , Wang Z W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The operating condition of dredge pump is highly complicated, a technical issue is the shaft vibration problems, which has great effects on the operation safety and stability of pumps. This paper introduces a mathematical model of rotor dynamics for the dredge pump, which is used to numerically investigate critical speeds and mode shapes of the pump shaft under different bearing stiffness and damping. The effects of bearing stiffness and damping on shafting vibration characteristics are considered. The results show that the stiffness has great effect on 1st and 3rd order critical speed and the damping effect can be ignored. The stiffness has little effect on shafting axial and torsional natural frequency, but has great effect on lateral natural frequency. The analysis method of rotor dynamics dealt with in this paper can provide a foundation for the design of dredge pump shafting.
Configuration Comparison of Municipal Waste Incineration Plant in County Area of Henan Province
Authors: Yao He , Yao Weiguo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on the status of county-level domestic waste treatment in Henan Province, this paper compares the system configuration, land occupation, technical parameters, operational flexibility and initial investment for 1 × 600t/d and 2 × 300t/d incineration lines and recommendations are proposed in the end. A single incineration line has a lower initial investment, and is suggested on the premise that temporary waste transfer and storage space can be reserved. Otherwise double incineration lines should be used for operation flexibility.