bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source modification for efficiency enhancement of marine controlled-source electromagnetic method
Authors: Rostami Amir , Yahaya Noorhana , Soleimani Hassan , Rauf Muhammad , Nyamasvisva Tadiwa E , Shafie Afza , Khosravi Vahid , Ganeson Menaka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Controlled-source electromagnetics is a strongly efficient technique to explore deep-water marine hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the shallow-water unsolved limitations of electromagnetic shooting methods still exist. In this regard, this work aims to alter the existing conventional electromagnetic source such that it can converge the down-going electromagnetic wave while simultaneously dispersing the up-going electromagnetic energy to minimise the airwave in shallow water. This work presents computed electric current distribution inside a modified transmitter, using a method of moments. Simulation and an experiment-based methodology are applied to this work. Finite element simulation of the response of the modified transmitter displayed the capability of the new transmitter in dispersing the airwave, by 15%. The experimental setup confirmed a better performance of the new transmitter, showing hydrocarbon delineation of up to 48%, compared to the existing conventional transmitter, with 25% oil delineation at the same depths in the same environment. Modification of the electromagnetic source to unbalance the up-down signals may have the potential to enhance the delineation magnitude of the target signal and, as a result, significantly improve oil detection capability.
Comparison of Treatments for Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Paller Channing , Hong Hwanhee , Rosman Lori , De Felice Anthony , Brawley Otis , Alexander G Caleb 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), 3 drugs under patent protection—apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide—were approved based on randomized, placebo-controlled trials; 1 drug with generic availability, abiraterone acetate, showed efficacy in a single-arm trial and is commonly prescribed. Lacking head-to-head trials, the optimal treatment for nmCRPC is unknown, despite widely varied treatment costs. We compared the efficacy and safety of nmCRPC treatments.MethodsWe searched bibliographic databases, regulatory documents, and trial registries for nmCRPC trials. We included published results and, when available, original data. We performed matching-adjusted indirect comparison and network meta-analysis and compared treatments regarding metastasis-free survival, overall survival, and serious adverse events.ResultsWe analyzed 5 trials with 4360 participants. Compared with placebo, abiraterone acetate engendered the lowest hazard of metastasis and death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.22, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.12–0.41), followed by apalutamide (HR = 0.28, 95% CrI = 0.23–0.34), enzalutamide (HR = 0.30, 95% CrI = 0.25–0.36), and darolutamide (HR = 0.41, 95% CrI = 0.34–0.49); darolutamide led to the lowest hazard of death (HR = 0.69, 95% CrI = 0.53–0.90), followed by enzalutamide (HR = 0.73, 95% CrI = 0.61–0.87) and apalutamide (HR = 0.75, 95% CrI = 0.59–0.95); darolutamide resulted in the lowest odds of serious adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% CrI = 1.02–1.70), followed by enzalutamide (OR =1.43, 95% CrI = 1.08–1.89), apalutamide (OR = 1.58, 95% CrI = 1.23–2.03), and abiraterone acetate (OR = 1.94, 95% CrI = 1.17–3.22).ConclusionsFor nmCRPC, darolutamide offered optimal efficacy and safety among approved drugs, and abiraterone acetate may offer comparable metastasis-free survival benefit with cost savings from generic availability. Future research is needed to more fully examine the benefit of abiraterone acetate.
Hospital Contacts for Psychiatric Disorders in Parents of Children With Cancer in Denmark
Authors: Mader Luzius , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Bidstrup Pernille Envold , Hargreave Marie , Kjær Susanne K , Kuehni Claudia E , Nielsen Thomas Tjørnelund , Krøyer Anja , Winther Jeanette Falck , Erdmann Friederike 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Having a child diagnosed with cancer is a devastating experience that may affect parents’ mental health. We aimed to assess the risk of hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders in parents of children with cancer.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Danish registry data. Parents of children diagnosed with cancer between 1982 and 2014 (n = 6689 mothers, n = 5509 fathers) were matched with comparison parents of cancer-free children (n = 67 544 mothers, n = 55 756 fathers). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of hospital contacts for any psychiatric disorder and specific disorders. Cox models were also used to investigate sociodemographic and cancer-related risk factors for psychiatric disorders.

Results
Incidence rates of hospital contacts for any psychiatric disorder were 426 per 100 000 person-years in mothers of children with cancer and 345 per 100 000 person-years in comparison mothers. For fathers, the respective incidence rates were 260 and 262 cases per 100 000 person-years. Compared with parents of cancer-free children, mothers of children with cancer were at an increased risk of hospital contacts for any psychiatric disorder (hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 1.36), whereas no elevated risk was seen in fathers (hazard ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval = 0.87 to 1.13). Among mothers, risks were particularly elevated for affective and stress-related disorders. Parents of deceased children and children diagnosed at a younger age were at particular risk of hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion
Hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders were overall rare. Health-care professionals should draw attention to subgroups of vulnerable parents to meet their needs of support and adequate treatment.
Parietal peritoneal lipomas: a first case report of two lipomas of the parietal peritoneum
Authors: Pillay Yagan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Parietal peritoneal lipomas are a rare surgical entity with seven case reports in the published literature. Their aetiology remains nebulous and includes theories such as misplaced embryonic tissue, adipose hyperproliferation, trauma and fat herniation or excessive obesity. This is the first case report in the literature with two parietal peritoneal lipomas incarcerated in an umbilical hernia. We strongly advocate for an international rare tumour registry, given the sparsity of data on these tumours and their possible malignant potential, which we believe would help potentiate an effective treatment protocol for future cases.
The application of machine learning to predictions of optical turbulence in the surface layer at Baikal Astrophysical Observatory
Authors: Bolbasova L A , Andrakhanov A A , Shikhovtsev A Yu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this study, we apply machine learning to predict optical turbulence in the surface layer at the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory. Advance knowledge of optical turbulence is important for maximizing the efficiency of adaptive optics systems, telescope operations, and the scheduling of the planned observations. Typically, optical turbulence is characterized by the structure constant of the refractive index of air $C_n^2$. The Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) provides a scientific basis for estimating the structure constant of the refractive index from meteorological variables in the surface layer. However, the MOST becomes unreliable for stable atmospheric conditions, which occurred for more periods regardless of the time of day at the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory. We propose the application of a neural network based on the group method of data handling (GMDH), one of the earliest deep-learning techniques, to predict the surface-layer refractive-index structure constant. The magnitudes of the predicted values of the structure constant of the refractive index and measurements are in agreement. Correlation coefficients ranging from 0.79–0.91 for a stably stratified atmosphere have been obtained. The explicit analytical expression is an advantage of the proposed approach, in contrast to many other machine-learning techniques that have a black-box model.
Atomistic simulations of the free-energy landscapes of interstellar chemical reactions: the case of methyl isocyanate
Authors: Cassone Giuseppe , Saija Franz , Sponer Jiri , Sponer Judit E , Jiménez-Escobar Antonio , Ciaravella Angela , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough complex organic molecules are observed in a wide variety of environments, chemical reaction networks heading to their formation are higly debated. It is a major endeavour to model the rates of reactions and incorporate them into chemical networks. The vast majority of the computational investigations in astrochemistry take into consideration oversimplified molecular models where chemical reactions are simulated under vacuum conditions (gas phase) and with crudely approximated entropic contributions to the free energy. We use density functional theory-based molecular dynamics techniques coupled with state-of-the-art metadynamics methods to investigate the role of ices embedding the reactants in shaping the free-energy landscape of selected reactions. Ices are chemically defined at the same level of theory of the reactants themselves. We consider as test case the transformation of methane and isocyanic acid into molecular hydrogen and methyl isocyanate, a species bearing similarities with peptide bonds. We examine the thermodynamically unfavoured case of very stable reactants to magnify modifications in the energy configuration induced by a solid amorphous water ice, either pure or mixed with CO. The presence of an active medium modifies significantly the free-energy surface, widening the path connecting reactants and products, and decreasing substantially the energy barriers. Ices not only act as gatherers of reactants, but also create thermodynamic conditions favouring chemical evolution.
Dynamical structures of retrograde resonances: analytical and numerical studies
Authors: Lei Hanlun , Li Jian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In this work, retrograde mean motion resonances (MMRs) are investigated by means of analytical and numerical approaches. Initially, we define a new resonant angle to describe the retrograde MMRs and then perform a series of canonical transformations to formulate the resonant model, in which the phase portrait, resonant centre, and resonant width can be analytically determined. To validate the analytical developments, the non-perturbative analysis is made by taking advantage of Poincaré surfaces of section. Some modifications are introduced in the production of Poincaré sections and, in particular, it becomes possible to make direct comparisons between the analytical and numerical results. It is found that there exists an excellent correspondence between the phase portraits and the associated Poincaré sections, and the analytical results agree well with the numerical results in terms of the resonant width and the location of resonant centre. Finally, the numerical approach is utilized to determine the resonant widths and resonant centres over the full range of eccentricity. In particular, seven known examples of retrograde asteroids including 2015 BZ509, 2008 SO218, 1999 LE31, 2000 DG8, 2014 AT28, 2016 LS, and 2016 JK24 are found inside the libration zones of retrograde MMRs with Jupiter. The results obtained in this work may be helpful for understanding the dynamical evolution for asteroids inside retrograde MMRs.
Unravelling the origin of magnetic fields in galaxies
Authors: Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Katz Harley , Sijacki Debora , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite their ubiquity, there are many open questions regarding galactic and cosmic magnetic fields. Specifically, current observational constraints cannot rule out whether magnetic fields observed in galaxies were generated in the early Universe or are of astrophysical nature. Motivated by this, we use our magnetic tracer algorithm to investigate whether the signatures of primordial magnetic fields persist in galaxies throughout cosmic time. We simulate a Milky Way-like galaxy down to z ∼ 2–1 in four scenarios: magnetized solely by primordial magnetic fields, magnetized exclusively by supernova (SN)-injected magnetic fields, and two combined primordial + SN magnetization cases. We find that once primordial magnetic fields with a comoving strength B0 &gt; 10−12 G are considered, they remain the primary source of galaxy magnetization. Our magnetic tracers show that, even combined with galactic sources of magnetization, when primordial magnetic fields are strong, they source the large-scale fields in the warm metal-poor phase of the simulated galaxy. In this case, the circumgalactic medium and intergalactic medium can be used to probe B0 without risk of pollution by magnetic fields originated in the galaxy. Furthermore, whether magnetic fields are primordial or astrophysically sourced can be inferred by studying local gas metallicity. As a result, we predict that future state-of-the-art observational facilities of magnetic fields in galaxies will have the potential to unravel astrophysical and primordial magnetic components of our Universe.
The Be/neutron star system Swift J004929.5-733107 in the Small Magellanic Cloud–X-ray characteristics and optical counterpart candidates
Authors: Coe M J , Kennea J A , Evans P A , Townsend L J , Udalski A , Monageng I M , Buckley D A H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Swift J004929.5-733107 is an X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) that has been reported several times, but the optical counterpart has been unclear due to source confusion in a crowded region of the SMC. Previous works proposed [MA93] 302 as the counterpart, however we show here, using data obtained from the S-CUBED project, that the X-ray position is inconsistent with that object. Instead we propose a previously unclassified object which has all the indications of being a newly identified Be star exhibiting strong H α emission. Evidence for the presence of significant I-band variability strongly suggest that this is, in fact, a Be type star with a large circumstellar disc. Over 18 yr worth of optical monitoring by the OGLE project reveal a periodic modulation at a period of 413 d, probably the binary period of the system. A SALT optical spectrum shows strong Balmer emission and supports a proposed spectral classification of B1-3 III-IVe. The X-ray data obtained from the S-CUBED project reveal a time-averaged spectrum well fitted by a photon index Γ = 0.93 ± 0.16. Assuming the known distance to the SMC, the flux corresponds to a luminosity ∼1035 erg s−1. All of these observational facts suggest that this is confirmed as a Be star–neutron star X-ray binary (BeXRB) in the SMC, albeit one with an unusually long binary period at the limits of the Corbet Diagram.
Noise reduction for weak lensing mass mapping: an application of generative adversarial networks to Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
Authors: Shirasaki Masato , Moriwaki Kana , Oogi Taira , Yoshida Naoki , Ikeda Shiro , Nishimichi Takahiro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We propose a deep-learning approach based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) to reduce noise in weak lensing mass maps under realistic conditions. We apply image-to-image translation using conditional GANs to the mass map obtained from the first-year data of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey. We train the conditional GANs by using 25 000 mock HSC catalogues that directly incorporate a variety of observational effects. We study the non-Gaussian information in denoised maps using one-point probability distribution functions (PDFs) and also perform matching analysis for positive peaks and massive clusters. An ensemble learning technique with our GANs is successfully applied to reproduce the PDFs of the lensing convergence. About $60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the peaks in the denoised maps with height greater than 5σ have counterparts of massive clusters within a separation of 6 arcmin. We show that PDFs in the denoised maps are not compromised by details of multiplicative biases and photometric redshift distributions, nor by shape measurement errors, and that the PDFs show stronger cosmological dependence compared to the noisy counterpart. We apply our denoising method to a part of the first-year HSC data to show that the observed mass distribution is statistically consistent with the prediction from the standard ΛCDM model.
How to Abū Hāšim Meinong
Authors: Zolghadr Behnam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Similar to Meinong, Abū Hāšim al-Ğubbāī (d. 933) held the view that some objects do not exist. This paper is a comparative study between Meinong’s object theory and Abū Hāšim’s theory of nonexistent objects. Our comparative study is mostly done through three topics: the characterization principle, objecthood, and the ontological status of existence. Moreover, Abū Hāšim’s theory of nonexistent objects is based on his theory of states, according to which some things, namely states, which among other things include existence, are neither existent nor nonexistent. In this paper, we have also discussed two arguments on behalf of this claim and then we have examined them from a Meinongian perspective.
Inhibition of DNA replication initiation by silver nanoclusters
Authors: Tao Yu , Aparicio Tomas , Li Mingqiang , Leong Kam W , Zha Shan , Gautier Jean 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have outstanding physicochemical characteristics, including the ability to interact with proteins and DNA. Given the growing number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of AgNCs, we evaluated the impact of AgNCs on DNA replication and DNA damage response in cell-free extracts prepared from unfertilized Xenopus laevis eggs. We find that, among a number of silver nanomaterials, AgNCs uniquely inhibited genomic DNA replication and abrogated the DNA replication checkpoint in cell-free extracts. AgNCs did not affect nuclear membrane or nucleosome assembly. AgNCs-supplemented extracts showed a strong defect in the loading of the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex, the helicase that unwinds DNA ahead of replication forks. FLAG-AgNCs immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis of AgNCs associated proteins demonstrated direct interaction between MCM and AgNCs. Our studies indicate that AgNCs directly prevent the loading of MCM, blocking pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly and subsequent DNA replication initiation. Collectively, our findings broaden the scope of silver nanomaterials experimental applications, establishing AgNCs as a novel tool to study chromosomal DNA replication.
The incidence of major subtypes of primary brain tumors in adults in England 1995-2017
Authors: Wanis Hiba A , Møller Henrik , Ashkan Keyoumars , Davies Elizabeth A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary brain tumors are a complex heterogenous group of benign and malignant tumors. Reports on their occurrence in the English population by sex, age, and morphological subtype and on their incidence are currently not available. Using data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS), the incidence of adult primary brain tumor by major subtypes in England will be described.

Methods
Data on all adult English patients diagnosed with primary brain tumor between 1995 and 2017, excluding spinal, endocrinal, and other CNS tumors, were extracted from NCRAS. Incidence rates were standardized to the 2013 European Standard Population. Results are presented by sex, age, and morphological subtype.

Results
Between 1995 and 2017, a total of 133 669 cases of adult primary brain tumor were registered in England. Glioblastoma was the most frequent tumor subtype (31.8%), followed by meningioma (27.3%). The age-standardized incidence for glioblastoma increased from 3.27 per 100 000 population per year in 1995 to 7.34 in men in 2013 and from 2.00 to 4.45 in women. Meningioma incidence also increased from 1.89 to 3.41 per 100 000 in men and from 3.40 to 7.46 in women. The incidence of other astrocytic and unclassified brain tumors declined between 1995 and 2007 and remained stable thereafter.

Conclusion
Part of the increase in the incidence of major subtypes of brain tumors in England could be explained by advances in clinical practice including the adoption of new diagnostic tools, classifications and molecular testing, and improved cancer registration practices.
Endoscopic Endonasal Excision of an Optic Pathway Cavernous Malformation: Technical Case Report
Authors: Patel Biren Khimji , Gohil A Jaypalsinh , Nair Prakash , H.V. Easwer , A.N. Deepti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Cavernous malformations (CMs) are angiographically occult low-flow vascular malformations that infrequently involve the optic pathway and the hypothalamus (OPH).

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 23-yr-old male presented with bitemporal hemianopia due to chaismal apoplexy. Imaging revealed a CM involving the OPH. The CM was resected by an extended endonasal approach. The patient had improvement in his visual field defects, and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a gross total resection of the CM.

CONCLUSION
This case demonstrates the surgical technique of endoscopic endonasal resection of a CM involving the optic pathway.
Can Patient Expectations Modulate the Short-Term Effects of Dry Needling on Sensitivity Outcomes in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gallego-Sendarrubias Gracia M , Voogt Lennard , Arias-Buría José Luis , Bialosky Joel , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Dry needling is commonly used for the management of patients with musculoskeletal pain. However, the effects of patient expectations are uncertain. Our aim was to determine the effect of patient expectations on short-term clinical outcomes after the application of a single session of dry needling in individuals with neck pain.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 50 patients with mechanical neck pain. Participants received a single session of dry needling or sham needling in a blinded design. Predicted patient expectation was categorized as positive, neutral, or negative. Outcomes including neck pain intensity (visual analog scale, 0–100), pressure pain thresholds, and self-perceived improvement (Global Rating of Change, −7 to +7) were assessed at baseline, 1 day after the intervention (immediately after), and 7 days after the intervention (1 week after) by a blinded assessor. Repeated-measures analyses of covariance were conducted to assess the effects of real/sham needling adjusted by patient expectations.

Results
Individuals receiving dry needling exhibited better outcomes immediately and 1 week after the intervention than did those receiving sham needling (all P &lt; 0.01). No general effects of patient expectations, either related to pain recovery or functional improvement, were observed on the clinical outcomes, except for a small association of questionable clinical relevance between positive expectations and localized pressure pain thresholds in the dry needling group.

Conclusion
This study did not find a significant effect of predicted patient expectations on the short-term effects of dry needling on pain intensity and pressure pain thresholds in people with mechanical neck pain.