bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of The Tool Path Generation Method of an Ultra-Precision Spherical Complex Surface Based on a Five-Axis Machine Tool
Authors: Xing Tianji , Zhao Xuesen , Cui Zhipeng , Tan Rongkai , Sun Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The improvement of ultra-precision machining technology has significantly boosted the demand for the surface quality and surface accuracy of the workpieces to be machined. However, the geometric shapes of workpiece surfaces cannot be adequately manufactured with simple plane, cylindrical, or spherical surfaces because of their different applications in various fields. In this research, a method was proposed to generate tool paths for the machining of complex spherical surfaces based on an ultra-precise five-axis turning and milling machine with a C-Y-Z-X-B structure. Through the proposed tool path generation method, ultra-precise complex spherical surface machining was achieved. First, the complex spherical surface model was modeled and calculated, and then it was combined with the designed model to generate the tool path. Then the tool paths were generated with a numerically controlled (NC) program. Based on an ultra-precision three-coordinate measuring instrument and a white light interferometer, the machining accuracy of a workpiece surface was characterized, and t[1]he effectiveness of the provided tool path generation method was verified. The surface roughness of the machined workpiece was less than 90 nm. Furthermore, the surface roughness within the spherical region appeared to be less than 30 nm. The presented tool path generation method in this research produced ultra-precision spherical complex surfaces. The method could be applied to complex spherical surfaces with other characteristics.
Antenatal Care Visits of Child-Bearing Mothers Having a Child Five Years Preceding in the Survey and Associated Factors in Benchi-Sheko Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gelaw Assaye Belay , Andargie Solomon Abebaw , Terefe Abiyot Negsh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Antenatal care (ANC) is the service given by the caregiver for pregnant women to make safe the health of both pregnant women and babies during the pregnancy period
Objectives

The objective of the current study was to persuade high-quality public health service and plan the mothers and their households expressively and mentally for being motherhood by ever-increasing antenatal care visits from health institutions.
Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study design was applied. Cross-sectional survey design mainly used for the collection of information on the Utilization of Antenatal Care Visit of Women During Pregnancy and its Related Factors in Bench-Sheko Zone, South Nation Nationalities Peoples of Region, Southwestern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. The study populations are all populations who are living in the study area, South Nation Nationalities peoples of Region, Southwestern Ethiopia.
Results

Evidence tells us, one hundred twenty-nine (16.9%) of pregnant women were not visited by the caregiver during pregnancy. Around eighty-three percent of pregnant women were visited in health institutions at least once prior in the five years in the survey. The Poisson regression model was preferred to fit the data. As the output indicated in analysis, the odds ratio of women whose husband education status is illiterate is equal to exp(-0.272) = 0.76(95% CI:-0.507,-0.038) (other variables are adjusted), it indicates that the women whose husband education status is 0.76 less likely to ANC visit than women whose husband education status is higher and above.
Conclusions

The remark conclusion that the source of information, religion, educational status, birth order, knowledge of danger signs for pregnancy, and service satisfaction were significant at the alpha level of significance on the ANC visit of Women during pregnancy.
Orange Juice Processing Waste As a Biopolymer Base For Biodegradable Film Formation Reinforced With Cellulose Nanofiber and Activated With Nettle Essential Oil
Authors: Kalajahi Seyedeh Elham Mousavi , Alizadeh Ainaz , Hamishehkar Hamed , Almasi Hadi , Asefi Narmela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Concerns about environmental problems have led to the development of biodegradable packaging. Food wastes as a byproduct could be a good source for biopolymers. This study described the physical and antimicrobial features of nano biocomposite films based on orange waste powder (OWP) with different concentrations of nettle essential oil (NEO) (1.5 and 3 %) as an antibacterial agent and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) (3 and 6 %) as a structural reinforcement. Thus, tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor permeability, FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. As a result, adding CNF improved the tensile strength and water barrier properties of the samples. Compared to the control film, adding NEO (3 %) decreased the tensile strength but increased water vapor permeability and melting temperature. Moreover, the OWP film samples had an antimicrobial effect against five foodborne pathogens. Although, adding NEO increased antimicrobial properties, adding CNF did not exhibit antimicrobial effects. Consequently, orange waste could be used to produce an active film with improved physicomechanical and antibacterial properties by incorporating CNF and NEO.
Small-Diameter Magnetic and Metallic Nanowire Arrays Grown in Anodic Porous Alumina Templates Anodized in Selenic Acid
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Mahdieh , Kashi Mohammad Almasi , Noormohammadi Mohammad , Ramazani Abdolali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite the introduction of selenic acid for anodic porous alumina (APA) preparation with small nanopore diameters (< 20 nm), no attempt has been made to use it in the fabrication of small-diameter magnetic and metallic nanowire arrays. In this paper, considering the high cost of selenic acid, it has been attempted to initially use oxalic acid in preparation of an ordered pattern in the first anodization step, and then employ selenic acid for the second anodization step by matching the appropriate voltage. By investigating the nanopore formation pattern in both acids, it was shown that the nanopores formed in the selenic acid had considerably smaller diameter (13 nm) than that of oxalic acid (35 nm). Under optimized conditions of electrodeposition, various metals were then grown in the selenic APA templates in order to fabricate nanowires with small diameters. The pore filling percentage and crystalline properties were also investigated.
Phytochemical Screening of Cinnamon Cassia and Its Protective Effects Against Hepatotoxicity Induced By Difenoconazole in Male Albino Rats.
Authors: Mohamed Reda El-shaat , El-Said Magdy M. , Arief Mohamed M. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of the present study has focused on the phytochemical analysis of Cinnamon cassia bark for determination of bioactive components, which have been associated with antioxidative stress induced by difenoconazole treatment in hepatic tissue of male albino rats. Ninety rats were assigned randomly to 9 groups, each group comprised of 10 animals. The first group served as control animals were administrated distilled water and the rest served as the experimental groups. Groups II and III animals were orally administrated with difenoconazole at doses of 58.9 and 117.8 mg/kg BW (represent of 1/20 and 1/10 of oral LD 50 , respectively) while the groups IV and V animals were received aqueous extract of cinnamon (AEC) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW , respectively . In addition groups VI and VII, animals were received AEC prior to 2h of administration with difenoconazole at low dose as well as groups VIII and IX, rats were received with AEC before treatments with high dose of difenoconazole for 28 days. Results of the present study indicated the presence of total phenolic, flavinoids and tannins as the main bioactive components in the AEC. Furthermore, the final body weight and liver index were increased markedly in difenoconazole-treated rats and these parameters values were comparable to control group following co-administration with AEC. However, difenoconazole-treatment induced a significant elevation in the level of (LPO) associated with adepletion of GSH level and an elevation in the activities of serum liver enzyme markers (i.e., AST ,ALT,ALP and GGT) was observed. These results confirmed with histopatlogical findings . In contrast, treatment with AEC in difenoconazole-treated rats elevated the level of endogenous hepatic antioxidant system (SOD, CAT and GSH) along with reducing the activities of serum liver enzymes. However, the hepatic protective property of AEC was further confirmed by histopathological findings. These findings may be attributed to the presence of total phenolic , flavoniods and tannins , which have anti-oxidative effect against oxidative injury- induced by tested fungicide.
Coping with Agricultural Income Risks from Natural Disasters: Efficacy of Formal and Informal Mechanisms in Vulnerable Region of India
Authors: kanwal vinita , Sirohi Smita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on our analysis it can be concluded that the formal risk aversion mechanism has limited scope in the disaster-prone areas of the country. Addressing the assessment and adequacy of compensation amount along with information asymmetry in the formal insurance market should be a top priority for improving the efficacy. The ex-post measures under formal risk coping also have limited impact, indicating the underdevelopment of insurance and commercial credit markets in the region. Ex-ante risk aversion mechanism, particularly climate-resilient technologies may be conducive to the stable increase of farmers’ income and the continuous development of rural economy in the long-run. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide farmers with assistance to address the income risk in better terms.
Baseline Malaria Prevalence at the Targeted Pre-elimination Districts in Ethiopia
Authors: Nega Desalegn , Abera Adugna , Gidey Bokretsion , Mekasha Sindew , Abebe Abnet , Dillu Dereje , Mehari Degu , Assefa Gudissa , Hailu Samuel , Haile Mebrahatom , Etana Kebede , Solomon Hiwot , Tesfaye Gezahagn , Nigatu Daniel , Destaw Zelalem , Tesfaye Berhane , Serda Belendia , Yeshiwondim Asnakew , Getachew Assefaw , Teka Hiwot , Nahusenay Honelegn , Abdulmenan Semira , Reda Hailemariam , Bekele Worku , Zewdie Ayele , Tollera Getachew , Assefa Ashenafi , Tassew Geremew , Woyessa Adugna , Abate Ebba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Encouraged by the success in malaria control and prevention strategies, several malaria endemic countries have adopted elimination strategies worldwide. Accordingly, Ethiopian ministry of health launched malaria elimination with a stepwise approach by primarily targeting the low-transmission districts and their adjacent areas/zones in order to shrink the country’s malaria map progressively. Hence, this community survey was conducted to establish baseline malaria information at the preliminary phase of elimination for measuring future intervention success in elimination goal. Methods: Community based cross-sectional survey was conducted at twenty malaria elimination targeted districts selected from five regional states and one city administration in Ethiopia. The GPS enabled smart phones programmed with Open Data Kit were used to enumerate 9326 study households and collect data from 29,993 residents. Care Start™ Malaria HRP-2/PLDH Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) were used for blood testing at field level. Armpit digital thermometers were used to measure axillary temperature.Result: Overall malaria prevalence by RDTs was 1.17% (339/28973). The prevalence at district levels ranged from 0.0% to 4.7%. The total prevalence of febrile cases (axillary temperature >37.5oc) in the survey was 9.2% (2760/29993). Among the 2,510 febrile individuals tested with RDTs, only 3.35% (84/2510) were malaria positive. Among all study participants, 0.88% (255/28973) malaria positives were afebrile and 0.29% (84/28973) were febrile individuals. The 75.2% (255/339) of all malaria positives were afebrile. Of the total afebrile malaria cases, 10.2% (26/255) were under-five children and 89.8% (229/255) were above 5 years of age. Conclusion: The 1.17% malaria prevalence that ranges 0 to 4% in some districts by rapid diagnostic tests should be given due consideration by the elimination program. Especially the higher prevalence of afebrile individuals (0.88%) in these transmission settings indicates there may be sustaining hidden transmission. Therefore, active case detection with more sensitive diagnostic techniques than this conventional method is suggested to know more real magnitude of residual malaria in the elimination targeted low transmission areas and break the chain of transmission.
The MEK Inhibitor U0126 Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy By Restricting Xbp1’s Phosphorylation Dependent SUMOylation
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Jinhua , Dong Wei , Wang Mengwen , Zhong Xiaodan , Zhang Wenjun , Dai Lei , Xie Yang , Liu Yujian , He Xingwei , Liu Wanjun , Madhusudhan Thati , Zeng Hesong , Wang Hongjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic diabetes accelerates vascular dysfunction often resulting in cardiomyopathy but underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the deregulated unfolded protein response (UPR) dependent on highly conserved IRE1α-spliced X-box- binding protein (XBP1s) and the resulting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-Stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the present study, we determined whether targeting MAPK/ERK pathway using MEK inhibitor U0126 could ameliorate DCM by regulating IRE1α-XBP1s pathway.Method: Three groups of 8-week-old C57/BL6 mice were studied: one group received saline injection as control (n=8) and two groups were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) (n=10 each). 18 weeks after STZ injection and stable hyperglycemia, one group had saline treatment while the second group was treated with U0126 (5mg/kg/day), 8 weeks later, all groups were sacrificed. Cardiac function/histopathological changes were determined by echocardiogram examination, Millar catheter system, hematoxylin-eosin staining and western blot analysis. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were employed for in vitro studies.Results: Echocardiographic, hemodynamic and histological data showed overt myocardial hypertrophy and worsened cardiac function in diabetic mice. Chronic diabetic milieu enhanced SUMOylation and impaired nuclear translocation of XBP1s. Intriguingly, U0126 treatment significantly ameliorated progression of DCM, and this protective effect was achieved through enriching XBP1s’ nuclear accumulation. Mechanistically, U0126 inhibited XBP1s’ phosphorylation on S348 and SUMOylation on K276 promoting XBP1s’ nuclear translocation. Collectively, these results identify that MEK inhibition restores XBP1s-dependent UPR and protects against diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling. Conclusion: The current study identifies previously unknown function of MEK/ERK pathway in regulation of ER-stress in DCM. U0126 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM.
The Functional Impairment of Different Subtypes and Occupational States in Euthymic Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Ma Xiaojuan , wang Wenchen , Zhang Jian , Sun Xia , Luo Xingguang , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

The aim was to explore the associations between clinical symptoms, demographic variables, social and neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) stratified by subgroups of DSM-IV BD (BD-type I and BD-type II) and occupational status(employed/unemployed), and to highlight the significance of occupational status when assessing social and neurocognitive functioning in euthymic BD patients.
Methods

A total of 81 euthymic BD patients were participated in the study. The severity of the depressive and manic/hypomanic symptoms was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), respectively. Social functioning and neurocognitive functioning were evaluated by the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and neurocognitive measures, respectively.
Results

Employed BD patients displayed greater social functioning (autonomy, occupational functioning, interpersonal relationship domain) and better verbal learning performance and speed of processing than unemployed BD patients. The correlation between neurocognitive functioning and social functioning was stronger in the employed group than in the unemployed group. There were no significant differences in neurocognitive and social functioning between the BD-I and BD-II groups, and the correlation between neurocognitive functioning and social functioning was similar between the BD-I and BD-II groups.
Conclusion

Employed BD patients may present greater occupational functioning and interpersonal relationships, as well as better verbal learning performance and speed of processing.
Orange-based and Lemon-based Adsorbents with Controlled Grain for an Efficient Elimination of Cationic and Anionic Dyes from Textile Dyeing Wastewater
Authors: Pascual G. , Riba-Moliner M. , Canal J. M. , Garcia-Raurich J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Physically and chemically modified orange and lemon mesocarps are used as natural adsorbents for both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewaters of textile dyeing industry. Adsorptivity of the orange-based and lemon-based adsorbents to the dyes are studied simulating a batch and a continuous industrial process. Thus, the most suitable operating conditions to achieve the maximum adsorption yield are provided. Results demonstrate that treated orange and lemon mesocarps can be used as excellent reusable adsorbents to the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Moreover, the recovery of the adsorbed dye is also reliable and proved.
Proteomic Comparison of Aged and OPTN E50K Retina in The Development of Normal Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Liu Xin-Na , Wang Qi , Shao Zheng-Bo , Zhang Shi-Qi , Hou Ming-Ying , Jiang Meng-Lu , Du Meng-Xian , Li Jing , Yuan Huiping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a major characteristic of glaucoma, whose underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. An E50K mutation in the Optineurin (OPTN) gene is a leading cause of normal tension glaucoma (NTG), directly affecting RGCs without high intraocular pressure and causing severe glaucomatous symptoms in clinical settings. A systematic analysis of the NTG mouse model is crucial for better understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms for glaucoma.Methods: To elucidate proteomic and biochemical pathway alterations during NTG development, we established an OPTN E50K mutant mouse model through CRISPR/Cas9. Retinal proteins from resulting mice exhibiting glaucomatous phenotypes were subject to tandem mass tag-labelled quantitative proteomics. Retinal proteomes were analyzed through bioinformatics methods to characterize the molecular and functional signatures of NTG. Results: We identified 6364 quantitative proteins in our proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that OPTN E50K mice experienced protein synthesis dysregulation, age-dependent energy defects and autophagy-lysosome pathway dysfunction. Certain biological features, including amyloid deposition, RNA splicing, microglia activation and reduction of crystallin production, were similar to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Conclusions: Our study is the first to describe proteomic and biochemical pathway alterations in NTG pathogenesis during disease advancement. Several proteomic signatures overlapped with retinal changes found in the AD mice model, suggesting the presence of common mechanisms between age-related degenerative disorders, as well as prospective new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Assessment of the Effects of Ornamental Wetland Polyculture Combinations on Urban Sewage Treatment
Authors: Wang Min , Zhou Yujue , Xiang Lin , Ke Xiaoyang , Zhang Hui , Guo Li , Pan Yuanzhi , Ma Jun , Huang Zhuo , Li Xi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that wetland plants can treat wastewater in a cost-effective and sustainable way, however, the studies on the performance of ornamental wetland plant diversity in treating urban sewage were scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and select wetland polyculture combination that was effective in urban sewage treatment in subtropical areas. We formed five combinations out of six ornamental wetland plant species including Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Iris pseudacorus, Lythrum sastlicaria, Nymphaea tetragona, and Zantedeschia aethiopica. The growth state and removal effects of each plant combination were systematically measured and assessed. The results indicated all the combinations exhibited remarkable total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH­4+-N), and chemical oxygen demand chromium (CODcr) removal rate of 70.75%-77.67%, 63.86%-73.71%, 69.73%-76.85%, and 57.28%-75.69%, respectively. Additionally, pH was reduced to 7.54-8.00 in the sewage. The purification effect reached the best during 30-36th day. The comprehensive assessment showed the mixture of Thalia dealbata + Cyperus alternifolius, closely followed by Thalia dealbata + Cyperus alternifolius+ Lythrum sastlicaria, was highly effective at extracting various pollutants, and both of them could be used as favorable combinations to convert eutrophication and purify municipal wastewater. Linear regression showed that TP, TP, NH­4+-N, and CODcr. were significantly related to plant biomass, indicating that plant biomass essential indicator for screening purification plants. Our study highlighted the importance of plant diversity in biological wastewater treatment, however the competition between plants was suggested to take into consideration in future studies.
Utilization of Whey for Red Pigment Production by Monascus Purpureus in Submerged Fermentation
Authors: Mehri Dilara , Perendeci Altınay , Goksungur Yekta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Various biotechnological approaches have been employed to convert food waste into the value-added bioproducts through fermentation processes. Whey, a major waste generated by dairy industries, is considered an important environmental pollutant due to its massive production and high organic content. The purpose of this study is to produce red color pigment from whey by using Monascus purpureus. The submerged culture fermentation parameters have been optimized to produce the red Monascus pigment. Demineralized (DM), deproteinized (DP), and raw whey (W) powders were used as a substrate for pigment production by simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). The maximum red pigment production was obtained as 38.4 UA510nm at the optimized condition of SHF. Optimum conditions of SHF were 2 % (v/v) inoculation ratio, 75 g/l of lactose as C source, 25 g/l of MSG as N source, and fermentation medium pH of 7.0. The specific growth rate of Monascus purpureus on whey and the maximum pigment production yield values were 0.023 h-1 and 4.55 UAd-1, respectively. This study is the first in the literature to show that DM whey is a sustainable substrate in the fermentation process of the Monascus purpureus red pigment.