bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high fat diet failed to enhance the progressive development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in middle‐aged non human primates (NHPs)
Authors: Hansen Barbara C , Linden Ellen , Newcomb Jennifer D , Pellizzon Michael A , Shamekh Rania 
Published: June 2021

NHPs, with a lifetime on a "healthy" low fat diet, nevertheless, frequently develop obesity, MS and T2DM, fully like those in humans. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a high fat/high cholesterol diet (HFHC) vs the standard low fat/low cholesterol diet (LFLC)) would enhance the development of MS in middle‐aged NHPs. The diets were: HFHC 35% kcal CHO, 45% fat, and 20% protein, 0.25% cholesterol by wt (Research Diets, Inc. RD #D07110401); and LFLC: 68%, 13%, 18%, 0.008% ; respectively (LabDiet 5038). 28 NHPs, 50% male, were fed ad libitum either HFHC or LFLC. 7 of the 14 NHP tolerated the HFHC diet for a minimum of 3 months, and showed no changes in total calorie intake, body weight, triglyceride or HDL cholesterol levels, but had significantly increased total and LDL cholesterol compared to baseline (TC: 357 ± 39 vs 166 ± 8.4 mg/dl; p<0.001) and to the LFLC diet (163.7 ± 9.9 mg/dl; p<0.001). However, 7 monkeys fed the HFHC developed intolerance to the diet 2 to 10 days after its initiation. Early lipid changes in the diet intolerant were not different from those of the HFHC tolerant monkeys, and there were no changes in serum chemistry values.ConclusionThe high fat/high cholesterol diet had no effect to increase calorie intake or to produce weight gain, and altered none of the features of MS, but significantly increased total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in NHPs.Supported by NIA HHSN2532008002C and RD, Inc.
Short‐term effects of caloric beverages and drinking water on macronutrient metabolism
Authors: Stookey Jodi D , Klein Alexis 
Published: June 2021

Drinking water instead of caloric beverages may promote weight loss by lowering total energy intake, and possibly also altering metabolism. We reviewed data from randomized, controlled crossover studies of various carbohydrate‐electrolyte solutions and water to summarize what is known about short‐term effects of drinking water and caloric beverages on macronutrient metabolism. Available studies primarily involve healthy, young, normal‐weight, athletes, and address questions related to exercise performance. Despite differences in experimental conditions between studies (i.e. differences in type, volume and timing of test beverages, exposure to heat stress, dehydration, exercise, and food), across studies, drinking water consistently results in lower blood glucose, insulin, and respiratory quotient, and higher free fatty acid levels and fat oxidation, compared to caloric beverages. Studies are needed to confirm whether similar effects hold true for other population groups and study conditions, particularly for sedentary, overweight individuals wanting to burn fat and lose weight. It remains to be determined if drinking water instead of caloric beverages decreases the glycemic response to a meal and increases postprandial fat oxidation in overweight individuals at rest.Research support: Unrestricted grant from Danone
Association of folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T polymorphism with global DNA methylation in US women
Authors: Quinlivan Eoin P. , Zhu Jianghui , Maneval David , Kauwell Gail , Bailey Lynn B. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn Italian subjects, leukocyte DNA methylation is ~60% lower in those with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype who are folate deficient (plasma folate <12 nmol/L) compared to folate replete or deficient CC subjects, or to replete TT subjects (PNAS, 2002; 99: 5606‐11).AimTo examine global methylation status by folate status and MTHFR 677 C→T genotype in the US.MethodsPlasma folate and MTHFR 677C→T genotype were determined in US women (n=405; age=36.1±9.2 y). To account for the higher plasma folate concentrations in the US, TT subjects were grouped by plasma folate concentration into quintiles. CC subjects, pair‐matched by plasma folate concentration, were used as controls. Leukocyte DNA from the two lowest (Q1: <11.5 nmol/L; Q2: 11.7‐15.3 nmol/L) and the highest (Q5: >28.4 nmol/L) plasma folate quintiles were analyzed for global DNA methylation by LC‐MS/MS using [U‐15N]‐internal standards.ResultsDNA methylation was similar among plasma folate quintiles and by CC and TT genotype, e.g., Q1/TT‐genotype (4.54±0.32%) vs Q5/CC‐genotype (4.59±0.40%).ConclusionWithin the constraints of the assay (intra‐assay %CV <2.5%) there appears to be no appreciable effect of folate status or MTHFR 677C→T genotype on global DNA methylation ‐ the variability between groups was less than the inter‐subject variability within groups.
Glutathione S‐transferase gene polymorphisms and vitamin C
Authors: Cahill Leah , Fontaine‐Bisson Bénédicte , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) have been shown to affect fasting serum ascorbic acid (vitamin C) concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine whether three common polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes modify the serum ascorbic acid response to dietary vitamin C. Non‐smoking men and women (n= 1016) aged 20‐29 completed a 196‐item food frequency questionnaire that was used to estimate vitamin C intake, and provided a fasting blood sample for genotyping and determining serum ascorbic acid concentrations by HPLC. A significant diet‐gene interaction was observed for the GSTT1 polymorphism (p = 0.04). After adjusting for caloric intake, sex, ethnicity, season, c‐reactive protein and BMI, the Spearman correlation between dietary vitamin C and serum ascorbic acid was 0.36 (p<0.0001) for the GSTT1*0/*0 genotype and 0.14 (p=0.01) for the GSTT1*1/*1 + *1/*0 genotypes). Average serum ascorbic acid concentrations (mean ± SE) were higher among individuals with the GSTT1*1/*1 + *1/*0 than those with the GSTT1*0/*0 genotype (28.8 ± 1.1 versus 25.4 ± 1.5μmol/L) (p= 0.04, adjusted for caloric intake, sex, race, season, c‐reactive protein and BMI). No significant diet‐gene interactions were observed for GSTM1 (p=0.59) or GSTP1 (p=0.72). Our findings suggest that GSTT1 genotypes modify the serum ascorbic acid response to vitamin C intake.Grant Funding SourceAdvanced Foods & Materials Network
A post‐weaning Western‐style diet exacerbates early programming of cardiovascular disease in low birth weight Yucatan miniature pigs
Authors: Myrie Semone B , McKnight Leslie L , van Vliet Bruce N , Cheema Sukhinder K , Bertolo Robert F 
Published: June 2021

We developed a Yucatan miniature pig model to study whether low birth weight increased the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Runt piglets (<800g) (n=6) were paired with the largest same sex littermate (>1100g) (n=6) and fed milk replacer to 31 d‐old and then fed standard chow ad lib. At 9 mo, pigs were fitted with catheters for oral fat tolerance test, and blood pressure (BP) telemeter for continuous BP measurement. At necropsy, kidneys were removed and glomeruli counted. The results indicated early programming of CVD in the runts via nephrogenesis and altered lipid metabolism; runts had 43% less nephrons, higher BP, higher fasting plasma and 2.5x higher hepatic triglycerides (TG), and 25% slower postprandial TG clearance (P<0.05). We then sought to determine the impact of a chronic postnatal Western‐style diet on early programming of CVD. Another 6 pairs of runts and large siblings were weaned from milk replacer on to a diet that was high in fat, sugar, and salt. CVD markers were exacerbated by the Western‐style diet; diastolic BP (108 vs 96, P<0.05), and fasting TG were increased (~70%) by diet and remained higher in runts vs large (P<0.05). In summary, small birth weight leads to the development of risk factors for CVD, which is further exacerbated by a Western‐style diet. Thus, nutrition strategies throughout life are important for prevention and management of chronic diseases. (Support: CIHR, ILSI)Grant Funding SourceCIHR, ILSI
Validation of a Stereo Vision Body Imaging System for Assessment of Obesity
Authors: Pepper Reese , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne , Xu Bugao , Yu Wurong 
Published: June 2021

Current methods to determine body fat are limited by expense and bulkiness of the devices. The purpose of this research was to validate a recently developed, portable stereo vision imager for evaluation of body fat. Measurement by this 8‐camera stereo vision system was compared to hydrodensitometry and air‐displacement plethysmography in 77 Caucasians and Hispanics (33.51±1.11 yr). Participants fasted for 4 hours before undergoing measurement of body volume. The mean Body Mass Index of the subjects was 27.60±0.60, ranging from 18.6 to 39.8 kg/m2. Body volume measurement corrected for thoracic gas volume after stereo vision or air‐displacement plethysmography and residual volume with hydrodensitometry were applied to the Siri equation to determine percent body fat. Estimates of body volume were closely related between stereo vision, air‐displacement plethysmography, and hydrodensitometry (means 76.42±2.05, 77.95±2.09, and 77.33±2.08, respectively, r>0.997, p<0.01). Furthermore, percent body fat results had a strong relationship between methods (r>.756, p<0.01). These results suggest that this stereo vision imager is a valid measure of body volume and percent fat. Supported by NIH 1 R21 DK081206‐01.Grant Funding SourceNIH NIDDK
Assessment of health status among members of two African Americans churches from eastern North Carolina
Authors: Pawlak Roman , Colby Sarah 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess blood lipids profile, blood pressure (BP) and weight status of African Americans participating in a faith‐based nutrition intervention program.Study DesignBlood lipid profile (total [TC], LDL [LDL] and HDL cholesterol [HDL]), BP, BMI, and % of body fat assessment was conducted at two church locations.SampleParticipants (n = 62) had the mean (SD) age = 55.86 (9.4). Fifty‐two were females and most (75%) had at least some college education.Principal FindingsAbout 18% of participants had TC 200‐239mg/dl and about 12% had TC > 240mg/dl. Approximately 63% had LDL > 100mg/dl and about 76% had HDL < 60mg/dl. More than half (50.1%) had a systolic BP = 140 and almost 57% had diastolic BP = 80. More than 90% were either overweight or obese (BMI = 25) with almost 71% being obese (BMI = 30). Mean (SD) BMI was 39.78 (6.99). Statistically significant differences in the mean score of diastolic BP (F(df = 1) = 14.04; p < 0.000) and HDL (F(df = 1) = 4.75; p < 0.037) were found. Females had higher mean diastolic BP (85.6 vs. 74.4) and lower HDL values (37.6 vs. 48.8). No statistically significant difference in the rate of BMI = 25between males and females was found (Chi‐square (df = 1) = 0.737; p < 0.617).ConclusionThe results indicate that this population could benefit from a comprehensive lifestyle intervention with special focus on weight loss.
Food Insecurity is Associated with Monthly Income in Botswana, Africa
Authors: Campa Adriana , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Tsalaile Lesedi , Dusara Priti , Bussmann Hermann , Masouei Hoda , Raesi Mpho , Makhema Joe , Burns Patricia J , Li Yinghui , Sales Sabrina , Marlink Richard , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveBotswana reports one of the highest rates (24.1%) of HIV‐infection in the general population in the world. Since HIV‐infection is associated with nutritional abnormalities, we determined the levels of income that place patients at the highest risk for food insecurity and poor nutritional intake, in order to assist in identifying those at the highest need for food assistance programs.MethodsAfter consenting, 751 HIV infected asymptomatic patients were included in the analysis. Clinical, demographic and food security questionnaires were administered. Two 24‐hour recalls were averaged for each participant. Levels of income were ranked.ResultsThe average monthly income range was significantly lower for women (300 to 600 pulas, p<0.0001) than men (600 to 1,000 pulas). Those with monthly income <300 pulas had significantly less access to food (p=0.0195), used more non‐governmental food assistance (p=0.0481), and had lower caloric intake (1514.2±713 vs. 1702.7±689 kcal, p=0.009) than those with incomes > 1000 pulas.ConclusionThere was a significant association and higher risk for food insecurity, lack of food availability, utilization of non‐governmental food aid and inadequate nutrition in those with monthly income of <300 pulas (~$35.79 USD). Food assistance programs need to be targeted to HIV patients at these low income levels.Supported by NIDA
Maternal perceptions of infant size and appetite and restrictive feeding style associated with rapid weight gain and overweight by 12 months
Authors: Black Maureen M , Hurley Kristen M 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundInfant weight gain may be influenced by maternal perceptions of infant size and appetite and maternal feeding styles, in addition to actual infant size.ObjectiveTo examine how maternal perceptions of infant size and appetite are related to maternal feeding styles and to infant weight gain.MethodsInfant weight measured at birth and 12 mos. in a statewide sample of 522 WIC infants. Rapid weight gain (RWG) = > 1 sd change in wt‐age, overweight (OWT) = wt/len > 85th percentile. Feeding styles and maternal perception of infant size and appetite assessed by telephone survey between 1‐12 mos (mean = 7 mos). Logistic regression models used to predict RWT and OWT.ResultsAt 12 mos., 38% experienced RWG and 33% were OWT. Regardless of infant age, maternal perceptions of a heavy, hungry baby and a restrictive feeding style were related and significantly predicted both RWT and OWT at 12 mos. Birth weight was negatively associated with RWT and positively associated with OWT.ConclusionMaternal perception of infant size and appetite are related to feeding style and together, they predict weight gain at 12 mos, regardless of birth weight. Interventions to promote healthy weight gain during infancy should include considerations of maternal perceptions and feeding styles.
Smaller children of 2 years from food insecure households have more prevalence of anemia and stunting in rural Mexico
Authors: Garcia‐Feregrino Raquel , Mejia‐Rodriguez Fabiola , Neufeld Lynnette , Domínguez‐Islas Clara 
Published: June 2021

Objectiveto evaluate the relationship between household food security (FS) and the prevalence of anemia and stunting in poor children from rural Mexico.MethodsData were collected as part of a large survey conducted in small rural communities in 9 states in Mexico. A 14 item FS questionnaire was applied to 5,662 to mother of smaller children of 2 year for whom height and weight measurements were available. For the present analysis households were classified as food secure or food insecure and the relationship with anemia and stunting examined using logistic regression after adjustment for age.ResultsA total of 1,241 households (21.9%) were classified as food secure and 4,421 (78.1%) as food insecure. Prevalence of stunting and anemia were significantly different (p<0.001) in unadjusted analysis between children from food secure (stunting: 16.2%, anemia: 28.9%) and food insecure (stunting: 21.9%, anemia: 34.0%) households .After adjustment for age, children from insecure households were more likely be stunted (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.21‐1.69, p<0.001) and anemic (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.11‐1.47, p<0.001) than those from food secure household.ConclusionsWe found an association between household food insecurity and prevalence of stunting and anemia. In further analysis is necessary to explore other aspects of well‐being, health and education to the nutrition taken by Oportunidades program.
Fast intestinal barrier recovery following ischemia/reperfusion damage in the human gut: myosin light chain mediated closure of the villus tip
Authors: Thuijls Geertje , Grootjans Joep , Derikx Joep PM , Heyer Frans , Matthijsen Robert , Heineman Erik , van Dam Ronald M , Dejong Kees HC , Buurman Wim A 
Published: June 2021

In a recently developed human model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I‐IR) a rapid reversal of intestinal damage by shedding of injured enterocytes and villus tip closure was described. Here we investigated the putative involvement of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mediated actin contraction in villus tip closure.During surgery, an isolated part of the jejunum scheduled to be removed was subjected to 30 min ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the localization of MLCK, phosphorylated‐MLC (pMLC), filamentous actin and claudin‐3. Protein levels of MLCK, pMLC and claudin‐3 were semi‐quantitatively analyzed using western blot. Intestinal claudin‐3 production was determined by qPCR.After 30 min ischemia subepithelial spaces were noted as retractions of the basal membrane. A 30 min reperfusion period resulted in disintegration of epithelial lining at the villus tip, with epithelial cell damage and loss of claudin‐3. Both MLCK and pMLC increased following ischemia and were distributed around the disrupted villus tips after 30 min of reperfusion (MLCK; 918±430 versus 641±338 INT, P<0.01) (fig 1). After 60 min reperfusion complete barrier recovery was observed.This study shows fast gut barrier recovery following I‐IR damage in the human gut after myosin light chain kinase mediated closure of the villus tip.Figure 1A) Before ischemiaB) After 30 min ischemiaC) After 30 min reperfusionD) After 60 min reperfusion
Changes in infrared spectra in a liquid polydimethylsiloxane (Dow Corning MDX‐4‐4011) after passive contact exposure to certain aqueous media
Authors: Shanklin Douglas Radford 
Published: June 2021

The repetitive molecule dimethylsiloxane has asymmetry with methyl groups on one side and alternating silicon‐oxygen on the other. This arrangement enhances chemical attack on the siloxane bonds. Passive layered exposure at room temperature of MDX‐4‐4011 to normal saline (0.9% NaCl w/v), a potassium equivalent (0.9% KCl w/v), and Betadine solution (Purdue Frederick Co., Norwalk, CT, povidone‐iodine, 10%) for 12 hours and 13 and 66 days yielded FTIR changes in energy level (transmission/absorbance) and wave number specificity in the siloxane signature zone, and both. These were complex and varied between solutions. The effects of 0.9% NaCl in the signature range 1062 ± 40 λwere:Transmission after exposure to 0.9% KCl was 4% after 12 hours, 0% after 13 days, and 0.5% after 66 days; after 10% Betadine it was zero after both 12 hours and 12 days, and 1% after 66 days. Changes in wave number were similar to those after saline. Decreased transmission is equated to molecular disorganization and silanolization of polydimethysiloxane. These passive effects of water and ions are indicative of first stage siloxane decomposition in a bioenergetic environment. Internal funding only.
Application of FISH Technique in Invasive Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Salameh Yasmeen M. , Al‐Kahlout Basema I , Bargal Hala W. , Afifi Nahla M. 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The aim of this study is to improve the prognosis of Breast Cancer in women living in State of Qatar by accurate diagnosis. In the study 70 Breast Cancer patients (year 2000 ‐ 2006) were included. It was found that the mean diagnostic age of breast cancer patients were (46.9 ± 10.4), the majority (48.4 %) of patients was obese (P‐value 0.006) and all of them were positive for estrogens (E) and progesterone (P) receptors. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) was the most common type found (93.3 %).Immunohistochemical investigations revealed 30% of samples were negative for the expression of (E) & (P) Receptors. On the other hand HER‐2/neu testing by Immunohistochemistry showed that 22.9 % of the subjects were diagnosed as negative for the HER‐2/neu protein and 76.1 % subjects with positive HER2/neu receptor (54.9 % +2 expressing, 22.2 % +3 or higher)By FISH application to the selected cases, of the total Border line area of IHC tested for HER2 (+2 expression), we have found 60% of them were actually positive for the gene amplification, while 24% were found to be negative. Unfortunately 16% of the +2 expressing cases couldn't be determined for HER2 amplification due excessive denaturation. As FISH is more accurate than IHC in diagnosis of HER‐2 positive cases it's recommended to use FISH in diagnosis to make better prognosis and further training to master FISH technique to avoid any technical error. This study was funded by QU & UREP.
T(14;18) TRANSLOCATION: A POTENTIAL MARKER OF HIGH‐GRADE TRANSFORMATION IN HCV‐ASSOCIATED MALT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Libra Massimo , Malaponte Grazia , Bruni Bibiana , Skarmoutsou Evangelia , Vella Nadia , Mazzarino Clorinda , Stivala Franca 
Published: June 2021

MALT lymphomas account for approximately 8% of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and occur mostly in the gastrointestinal tract, often as a result of chronic stimulation of B‐cells triggered by autoimmune processes or persistent infection, such as Helicobacter pylori or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection.Among the several genetic abnormalities involved in MALT development, we have recently demonstrated that t(14;18) translocation in MALT lymphomas clusters among HCV‐infected patients. It has been shown that t(14;18) translocation is also detected in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) originated from low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma. MALT lymphomas may undergo histological transformation to high‐grade lymphoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that t(14;18) may play a role in the MALT lymphoma progression. To this aim we analyzed t(14;18) translocation in tumor DNA samples obtained from metachronous biopsy specimens from patients with MALT lymphoma that developed DLBCL in the presence and absence of HCV infection. The results of the present study confirm that t(14;18) translocation clusters among HCV‐associated lymphomas and show for the first time that the condition of Bcl‐2‐translocated cases in MALT lymphomas renders them prone to tumour progression in high‐grade.
Toxicity caused by Chelidonium majus in primary human, canine, monkey, and rat hepatocytes
Authors: Rudolf Hendrik , Ullrich Anett , Ludwig Kaja , Runge Dieter 
Published: June 2021

Herbal extracts of Chelidonium majus have been widely used in European countries and in Chinese herbal medicines for different applications, based on their anti‐viral, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial properties and their use against various liver disorders including cancer. Recently, several cases of liver disease have been related to C. majus intake. Therefore, we have used primary hepatocyte cultures of human, rat, canine and monkey to elucidate the potential hepatotoxicity of C. majus.Water‐soluble extracts were prepared and incubated with primary hepatocytes. Cellular viability and functions were analyzed by means of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and urea release and via the MTT assay. The amounts of different alkaloids present in C. majus extracts were determined by HPLC analysis.The liquid extract showed a significant concentration‐dependent toxicity in human hepatocytes and at concentrations of 7.5 mg/ml for animal hepatocytes. In addition, C. majus lead to a decrease in urea release. The decline in urea production varied between the different species with regard to cellular sensitivity and to its maximal extent.The data suggest, that human hepatocytes seemed to be more sensitive to C. majus extracts than canine, rat and monkey hepatocytes, with rat hepatocytes being the most insensitive cells. In addition, these results demonstrate the necessity to use human hepatocytes in order to evaluate possible toxicological effects of complex plant extracts in humans.