bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors in the choice of fiscal governance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Damasceno Girley Vieira , Gomes Ricardo Corrêa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fiscal governance framework includes the rules and regulations that discipline the preparation, approval, and implementation of public budgets. It results from the power struggle of the actors that participate in the process of allocating public resources. Despite relevant studies published on the subject, this study aimed to provide background information on determinant factors in the choice and effects of fiscal governance framework adopted by governments in the scholarly conversation. For this, the systematic literature review method was adopted with the development of five steps: selecting a review topic, searching the literature, gathering, reading, and analyzing the scientific papers published in the last 10 years on the subject. Results show that fiscal crises and pressures and rewards of external bodies were the preponderant factors for reforms in the framework of fiscal governance adopted by governments. In another view, impacts of this framework on national public finances were investigated primarily by analysis of numerical fiscal rules. The research gaps identified indicate directions for future research.
Population genetic structure and connectivity in three montane freshwater invertebrate species (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Amphipoda) with differing life cycles and dispersal capabilities
Authors: Schröder Oskar , Schneider Julio V. , Schell Tilman , Seifert Linda , Pauls Steffen U. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Dispersal abilities and the resulting levels of connectivity between streams influence population structure in aquatic organisms. We investigated how different dispersal and life‐history traits affect gene flow and population structure in three aquatic invertebrate species in a central European mountain range.

We used microsatellite markers and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I barcode data to assess small‐scale population structure and connectivity of the mayfly Baetis alpinus, the stonefly Brachyptera seticornis, and the amphipod Gammarus fossarum in seven streams within Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

Significant population structure within the study area was detected in B. alpinus and G. fossarum, whereas B. seticornis had signatures of panmixia. In G. fossarum, that structure corresponded to stream topography, while in B. alpinus it did not. The Bavarian Forest range appears to be a contact zone for different mitochondrial lineages of B. alpinus and G. fossarum.

Limited geneflow between sample sites in B. alpinus can be explained by the species’ short adult lifespans, which restricts dispersal between sites. Since imagines are able to disperse via adult flight population structure is, however, decoupled from stream topology. Longer‐lived B. seticornis is better able to maintain geneflow between sample sites. In flightless G. fossarum, population structure corresponding to stream topology can be explained by limited dispersal capabilities between streams.

Dispersal ability alone is insufficient to predict or explain patterns of gene flow and connectivity for individual species, and should be examined together with life‐history traits when assessing population and community structure.
Scallops as a new source of food protein: high‐intensity ultrasonication improved stability of oil‐in‐water emulsion stabilised by myofibrillar protein
Authors: Yu Cuiping , Sun Shuang , Li Sihui , Yan Huijia , Zou Henan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn this study, the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS‐treated SMP had lower α‐helix content and higher β‐sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta‐potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.
Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses*
Authors: Huang Jessica Y. , Lyons‐Cohen Miranda R. , Gerner Michael Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type‐I vs. Type‐II inflammation.
Still connecting the dots: An investigation into infants' attentional bias to threat using an eye‐tracking task
Authors: Sareen Sinia , Doyle Frances L. , Kemp Lindsay J. , Northam Jaimie C. , Morgan Bronte G. , Kimonis Eva R. , Richmond Jenny L. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Eapen Valsamma , Frick Paul J. , Hawes David J. , Moul Caroline , Mehta Divya , Dadds Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn attentional bias toward threat has been theorized to be a normative aspect of infants' threat and safety learning, and an indicator of risk for internalizing psychopathology in older populations. To date, only four studies have examined this bias using the dot‐probe task in infancy and the findings are mixed. We extended the literature by examining patterns of attention to threat in a culturally and linguistically diverse sample of infants aged 5–11 months old (N = 151) using all measures previously employed in the infant dot‐probe literature. Given that an attentional bias toward threat is associated with higher risk of developing anxiety disorders later in life, we also examined how negative affect—an early correlate of later anxiety disorders—is related to attentional bias toward threat in infancy. This study was the first to use a consistent measure of negative affect across the whole sample. An eye‐tracking dot‐probe task was used to examine attentional bias toward threat (i.e., angry faces) relative to positive (i.e., happy faces) stimuli. Results showed that an attention bias to threat was not characteristic of infants at this age, and negative affect did not moderate the putative relationship between attention and emotional faces (angry, happy). These findings therefore suggest that attention biases to socio‐emotional threat may not have emerged by 11 months old.
How the past of outsourcing and offshoring is the future of post‐pandemic remote work: A typology, a model and a review
Authors: Erickson Christopher L. , Norlander Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) challenges traditional assumptions about the capacity to manage work beyond organizational and physical boundaries. A typology connects a variety of non‐traditional work organizations made possible by ICT, including offshoring, outsourcing, remote work, virtual companies and platforms. A model illustrates how new technology serves as a proximate cause for a revision of social contracts between capital, labour and government reached through bargaining and how external shocks such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the institutional environment and limitations in practice influence how technology changes the organization of work. An historical case study of the New Deal Industrial Relations System illustrates the general features of the model for tackling major transformations in the organization of work. A review of the outsourcing and offshoring literature provides examples of how features of the model will potentially influence the future of post‐pandemic remote work.
Hydroxy-selenomethionine supplementation promotes the in vitro rumen fermentation of dairy cows by altering the relative abundance of rumen microorganisms
Authors: Zheng Yuhui , He Tengfei , Xie Tian , Wang Jidong , Yang Zhantao , Sun Xiaoge , Wang Wei , Li Shengli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to investigate the effect of hydroxy-selenomethionine supplementation on the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microorganisms of Holstein cows.

Methods and Results
Five fermentation substrates, including control (without selenium supplementation, CON), sodium selenite supplementation (0.3 mg kg−1 DM, SS03), and hydroxy-selenomethionine supplementation (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg kg−1 DM, SM03, SM06 and SM09, respectively) were incubated with rumen fluid in vitro. The results showed that in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production at 48 h was significantly higher in SM06 than SM03, SS03 and CON; propionate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was higher in SM06 than CON. Moreover, higher species richness of rumen fluid was found in SM06 than others. Higher relative abundance of Prevotella and Prevotellaceae-UCG-003 and lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus-1 were detected in SM06 than CON. Besides, higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 was found in CON than other treatments.

Conclusions
It is observed that 0.6 mg kg−1 DM hydroxy-selenomethionine supplementation could increase cumulative gas production, propionate, and total VFAs production by altering the relative abundance of Prevotella, Prevotellaceae-UCG-003, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Ruminococcus-1, so that it can be used as a rumen fermentation regulator in Holstein cows.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provides an optimal addition ratio of hydroxy-selenomethionine on rumen fermentation and bacterial composition via an in vitro test.
Start Healthy and Stay Healthy: A workplace health promotion intervention for new graduate nurses: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Brogan Elizabeth , Rossiter Chris , Fethney Judith , Duffield Christine , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThis study explored the acceptability of a workplace health promotion intervention embedded into a transition to practice (TTP) programme to assist new graduate nurses in establishing healthy dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours from career commencement.DesignA sequential mixed methods design.MethodsThe Start Healthy and Stay Healthy (SH&SH) intervention, informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel, was conducted in an Australian Local Health District. It included face‐to‐face education sessions, the use of a fitness tracker and twice‐weekly short answer messages. Participants completed three online surveys: at orientation, 6 weeks and 6 months. A sub‐sample participated in semi‐structured interviews to explore their experience of the intervention. Interview data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe intervention was delivered from February to December 2019. A total of 99 nurses completed the baseline survey, 62 at 6 weeks and 69 at 6 months. After 6 months, health knowledge increased as participants correctly identified recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables and PA. Fruit consumption increased at 6 months with little change to vegetable intake. Takeaway consumption decreased, but consumption of some discretionary foods increased. Across the three time points, there was a low engagement in PA during leisure time. The interviews identified three themes: (1) Support of Colleagues and Peers, (2) The Work Environment and (3) Engagement with SH&SH.ConclusionProviding a targeted intervention for new graduate nurses embedded into a TTP programme improved their health knowledge, some dietary behaviours, and participation in PA by some participants.ImpactEnsuring a healthy nursing workforce is critical to retaining staff. Implementing a workplace health promotion intervention that targets new graduate nurses can help them adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle behaviours to support them in their future careers.
Impact of comorbidities on atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sridharan Aadhavi , Maron Martin S. , Carrick Richard T. , Madias Christopher A. , Huang Dou , Cooper Craig , Drummond Jennifer , Maron Barry J. , Rowin Ethan J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of comorbid disease states on the development of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains unresolved.ObjectiveEvaluate the association of comorbidities linked to arrhythmias in other cardiovascular diseases (e.g., obesity, systemic hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, renal disorders, tobacco, and alcohol use) to atrial fibrillation (AF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) events in a large cohort of HCM patients.MethodsA total of 2269 patients, 54 ± 15 years of age, 1392 males, were evaluated at the Tufts HCM Institute between 2004 and 2018 and followed for an average of 4 ± 3 years for new‐onset clinical AF and SCD events (appropriate defibrillation for ventricular tachyarrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or SCD).ResultsOne or more comorbidity was present in 75% of HCM patients, including 50% with ≥2 comorbidities, most commonly obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) in 43%. New‐onset atrial fibrillation developed in 11% of our cohort (2.6%/year). On univariate analysis, obesity was associated with a 1.7‐fold increased risk for AF (p = .03) with 12% of obese patients developing AF (3.3%/year) as compared to 7% of patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (1.6%/year; p = .006). On multivariate analysis, age and LA transverse dimension emerged as the only variables predictive of AF. Comorbidities, including obesity, were not independently associated with AF development (p > .10 for each).SCD events occurred in 3.3% of patients (0.8%/year) and neither obesity nor other comorbidities were associated with increased risk for SCD (p > .10 for each).ConclusionsIn adult HCM patients comorbidities do not appear to impact AF or SCD risk. Therefore, for most patients with HCM, adverse disease related events of AF and SCD appear to be primarily driven by underlying left ventricular and atrial myopathy as opposed to comorbidities.
Efficacy of a cultured conditioned medium of exfoliated deciduous dental pulp stem cells in erectile dysfunction patients
Authors: Koga Shoji , Horiguchi Yutaka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMajority of current treatment strategies against erectile dysfunction (ED) has been consisted of only a supportive care to sustain enough erection during a sexual intercourse. In this study, we investigated whether the cultured conditioned medium of human exfoliated deciduous dental pulp stem cells (SHED‐CM) had an ability to treat ED through fundamentally repairing the pathological damage of vascular endothelial cells of the corpus cavernosum. An open‐label pilot study was performed from April 2016 to October 2020. SHED‐CM was injected directly into the corpus cavernosum of penis of 38 ED patients who visited our clinic and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Efficacy was assessed using the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) questionnaire. The average age and initial IIEF‐5 score of the patients enrolled in this study was 56 (31–79) years old and 13.1 (5–20) points, respectively. Medical history revealed 7 patients with diabetes, 7 patients with hypertension and 1 patient with priapism undergone shunt operation. Of these, 37 patients (97.4%) showed an improvement in IIEF‐5 of an average of 19.3 (7–25) points or 64.4 (10–300) % increase after three injections of SHED‐CM. Eighteen patients (47.4%) achieved more than 21 points (no ED) in IIEF‐5. No adverse events were encountered. This is the first clinical report of ED treatment in the literatures evaluating the efficacy of SHED‐CM. Treatment with SHED‐CM is expected to repair vascular damages of the corpus cavernosum, which are the main cause of ED, and to be widely spread as a fundamental clinical application for ED.
Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels working as pacemaker channels in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Choi Seok , Seo Hyunhyo , Lee Kyungmin , Shin Dong Hoon , Wu Mei Jin , Wu Wenhao , Huang Xingyou , Zhang Jingwei , Hong Chansik , Jun Jae Yeoul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels function as pacemaker channels in spontaneously active cells. We studied the existence of HCN channels and their functional roles in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse colon using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques. HCN1 and HCN3 channels were detected in anoctamin‐1 (Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel; ANO1)‐positive cells within the muscular and myenteric layers in colonic tissues. The mRNA transcripts of HCN1 and HCN3 channels were expressed in ANO1‐positive ICC. In the deletion of HCN1 and HCN3 channels in colonic ICC, the pacemaking potential frequency was reduced. Basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity was decreased by adenylate cyclase inhibitor in colonic ICC, whereas cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors increased it. 8‐Bromo‐cyclic AMP and rolipram increased spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, Ca2+‐dependent adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) mRNA was detected in colonic ICC. Sulprostone, a PGE2‐EP3 agonist, increased the pacemaking potential frequency, maximum rate of rise of resting membrane in pacemaker potentials and basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity in colonic ICC. These results indicate that HCN channels exist in colonic ICC and participate in generating pacemaking potentials. Thus, HCN channels may be therapeutic targets in disturbed colonic motility disorders.
Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Kong Lingyun , Andrikopoulos Sofianos , MacIsaac Richard J , Mackay Laura K , Nikolic‐Paterson David J , Torkamani Niloufar , Zafari Neda , Marin Evelyn C S , Ekinci Elif I 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response promotes a pro‐inflammatory milieu and subsequently renal fibrosis, and a progressive loss of renal function. Although the role of the innate immune system in diabetic renal disease has been well characterized, the potential contribution of the adaptive immune system remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence in experimental models of DKD indicates an increase in the number of T cells in the circulation and in the kidney cortex, that in turn triggers secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and activation of cells in innate immune response. In human studies, the number of T cells residing in the interstitial region of the kidney correlates with the degree of albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the role of the adaptive immune system, and associated cytokines, in the development of DKD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the adaptive immune system as a means of preventing the progression of DKD are discussed.
Active and passive smoking and risk of ulcerative colitis: A case–control study in Japan
Authors: Nishikawa Atsushi , Tanaka Keiko , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nagata Chisato , Furukawa Shinya , Andoh Akira , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Yoshimura Naoki , Mori Kenichiro , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Saito Mitsuru , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Imaeda Hirotsugu , Kakimoto Kazuki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Nunoi Hiroaki , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Hiraoka Sakiko , Okada Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Higashiyama Masaaki , Hokari Ryota , Miura Hiromasa , Miyake Teruki , Kumagi Teru , Kato Hiromasa , Hato Naohito , Sayama Koji , Hiasa Yoichi ,   Japan Ulcerative Colitis Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough an inverse relationship between current smoking and the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been shown in North America and Europe, evidence is limited in Asian countries, where the incidence of UC is rapidly increasing. This Japanese case–control study examined the association between active and passive smoking and risk of UC.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on smoking and potential confounding factors in 384 cases with a diagnosis of UC within the past 4 years and 665 controls.ResultsCompared with having never smoked, having ever smoked was associated with an increased risk of UC (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.37). No association was observed between current smoking and risk of UC, but former smokers had a significant elevation in risk (adjusted OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.67–3.45). There was a positive dose–response relationship with pack‐years smoked (P for trend = 0.006). Among never smokers, passive smoking exposure at home was significantly associated with an increased risk of UC (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.30–2.79). A significant dose–response gradient was also observed between pack‐years of passive smoking at home and risk of UC (P for trend = 0.0003).ConclusionsWe confirmed that former smoking elevated the risk of UC, whereas an inverse association between current smoking and the risk of UC did not reach a statistically significant level. Passive smoking may be associated with an increased risk of UC.