bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bathophenanthroline as Turn-off Fluorescence Sensors for Selective and Sensitive Tetection of Fe(II)
Authors: Senanayake D. A. K. , Perera P. P. P. , De Costa M. D. P. , R Senthilnithy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bathophenanthroline (BPhen) is a versatile bidentate ligand for transition metals, also frequently used as a universal colorimetric probe for Fe(II). The effect of pH on the fluorescence intensity of BPhen and quenching constant of Fe(II) were studied at different pH values using working solutions of 50% ethanol buffered with acetate buffer. Fluorescence intensity of a 3.0 μM Bphen solution in 50% ethanol buffered at pH 6.6 with acetate buffer was selectively quenched by Fe(II) at 25 °C. The LOD of 19 nM at 3.3 σ and the linear range of 63 nM – 224 nM with R2 = 0.9919 revealed that this method is more sensitive than the colorimetric method (detection range =1.8 μM - 18 μM). Quenching of the BPhen-Fe(II) complex is temperature-dependent, which may be due to the increased stability of the formed complex with temperature, supporting a static quenching mechanism. Interference from foreign ions on the fluorescence of the BPhen-iron(II) complex was also studied. A tolerance limit exceeding 5% was observed and recorded. The interference from cations, Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), was relatively higher, while the most common anions showed only a little to no interference. In response time analysis, the fluorescence intensity, which remains constant after 10 minutes, reveals that the system approached equilibrium. This method would be quicker and more accurate than a colorimetric method due to the absence of a solvent extraction step.
Projected Impacts of Climate Change on the Physical and Biogeochemical Environment in Southeast Asian Seas
Authors: Kay Susan , Avillanosa Arlene L. , Cheung Victoria V. , Dao Ngoc Hung , Gonzales Benjamin J. , Palla Herminie P. , Praptiwi Radisti A. , Queirós Ana M. , Sailley Sévrine F. , Sumeldan Joel D.C. , Syazwan Wan Mohd , Then Amy Yee-Hui , Wee Hin Boo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The seas of Southeast Asia are home to some of the world’s most diverse ecosystems and resources that support the livelihoods and wellbeing of millions of people. Climate change will bring temperature changes, acidification and other environmental change, with uncertain consequences for human and natural systems in the region. We present the first regional-scale projections of change in the marine environment up to the end of 21st century. A coupled physical-biogeochemical model with a resolution of 0.1° (approximately 11 km) was used to create projections of future environmental conditions under two greenhouse gas scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. These show a sea that is warming by 1.1–2.9°C through the 21st century, with surface pH falling by up to 0.02 and dissolved oxygen decreasing by 5 to 13 mmol m− 3. Changes for different parts of the region, including four sensitive coastal sites, are presented. The changes reach all parts of the water column and many places are projected to experience conditions well outside the range seen at the start of the century. Altered species distribution and damage to coral reefs resulting from this environmental change would have consequences for biodiversity, for the livelihoods of small-scale fishers and for the food security of coastal communities across the region. Projections of this type are a key tool for communities planning how they will adapt to the challenge of climate change.
Experimental Investigation to Characterize Simple Vs Multi Scaling Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity at a Mesoscale
Authors: Brunetti Guglielmo Federico Antonio , De Bartolo Samuele , Fallico Carmine , Frega Ferdinando , Velásquez Maria Fernanda Rivera , Severino Gerardo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The spatial variability of the hydraulic properties of aquifers can be satisfactory described by means of scaling law(s). The latter enables one, among the others, to relate the small (typically laboraory) scale to the larger (typically formation/regional) ones, therefore leading de facto to an upscaling procedure. In the present study, we are concerned, with the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity k into a strongly heterogeneous porous formation. A strategy, allowing one to identify correctly the single/multiple scaling of k, is applied for the first time to a real case of a large caiison where a strongly heterogeneous medium was packed. In particular, we show how to identify the various scaling ranges with special emphasys to the determination of the related cut-off limits. Finally, we illustrate how the heterogeneity enhances with the increasing scale of observation, by identifying the proper law accounting for the transtion from the laboratory to the field scale. Results of the present study are of paroumnt utility for the proper design of pumping tests in formations where the degree of spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity does not allow regarding them as “weakly heterogeneous”, as well as for the study of dispersion mechanisms in solute transport.
Different Survival Benefit of Osimertinib in Different Sequences: A Real‐World Outcome of Osimertinib Treatment in Pretreated T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Chin-Chou , Lai Chien-Hao , Chang Huang-Chih , Tseng Chia-Cheng , Huang Kuo-Tung , Lin Meng-Chih 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationships among the clinical characteristics, different EGFR-TKIs, and osimertinib treatment in different treatment lines.Methods: We retrospectively screened a total of 3807 patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2019 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Furthermore, 98 patients after re-biopsy or liquid with EGFR T790M mutation who received osimertinib were enrolled for analysis. Results: Among all 98 patients, the median PFS of those who received osimertinib therapy was 10.48 months, and the median OS of those who received osimertinib therapy was 42.21 months. The OS of those who received osimertinib therapy after previous gefitinib, afatinib, or erlotinib therapy was 87.93, 49.00, and 42.00 months, respectively (P=0.006). There was a significant difference in disease control rate between those who received osimertinib treatment after previous chemotherapy (Group A) or immediately following EGFR-TKI therapy (Group B) (93.3% vs. 77.4%, P=0.029). There was also a significant difference in PS between those who received osimertinib as a second-line treatment and those who received it as a third-line treatment (10.83 vs. 17.33 months, P=0.044). In addition, COPD tended to be a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS.Conclusion: In this retrospective real‐world analysis, it was determined that pretreatment with gefitinib and previous chemotherapy could affect the treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib. Furthermore, COPD tended to a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS in such patients.
The LRA Workbench: An IDE for Efficient REST API Composition through Linked Metadata
Authors: Serrano Diego , Stroulia Eleni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The number of Web APIs for accessing information and services is continuously increasing, and yet, no tools exist to automate the time-consuming and error-prone process of invoking these APIs and composing their responses. The recent emergence of widely-adopted, standardized, Web-API description formats and the development of Linked Data technologies for data integration have motivated our work on the LRA (Linked REST APIs) methodology. LRA relies on RDF service specifications to automate the development process around the usage of Web APIs. This automation represents a great opportunity to systematize and improve the quality of service-oriented application development. However, LRA's reliance on SPARQL as the user-interaction model may hinder its adoption, because it requires developers to learn the intricacies of the unconventional graph data model and its associated datasets.
In this paper we have developed the LRA Workbench (LRAWbench), which takes advantage of the emergent schema of Web-API specifications, in order to simplify the formulation of LRA-compliant SPARQL queries. Our empirical evaluation of the LRAWbench usability demonstrates that our tool significantly improves the performance of developers formulating SPARQL queries for LRA. A subsequent study on the effectiveness of the LRAWbench demonstrated that developers using LRA tend to produce code with considerable better structural complexity, in less time, than developers manually composing APIs.
Controllable Fast and Slow Light in the Hybrid Nanomechanical Resonator System
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a hybrid nanomechanical resonator (NR) system, where a NR coupled to an embedded quantum dot (QD) driven by two-tone fields is also coupled to another NR via the Coulomb interaction, and investigate the absorption spectra of the probe field under both the condition of resonance and off-resonance. The absorption spectra in resonance presents a means to determine the coupling strength of the two NRs. In the off-resonance, the absorption spectra can exhibit double Fano resonance, and the positions of the double Fano resonances are related to the interaction of the two NRs, the frequencies of the NRs, and the pump detuning. Furthermore, the double Fano resonances are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion, which indicates the slow- and fast-light effect. We can obtain that the group velocity index is tunable by the interaction between the two NRs, the detuning, and the different resonator frequencies, which can reach the conversion from the fast light to slow light.
Correlation Analysis of Carotid Plaque in Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)
Authors: Wen Huijun , Yu Hai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
PLR and NLR had been reported that they may be related to carotid atherosclerotic. The relationship between PLR, NLR and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes had not been clinically reported.
Objectives
To analyzed the relationship between platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and carotid plaques in young patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Methods
The patients were divided into intima-media thickening (IMT)group and plaque group. The plaque group was divided into grade I, grade II and grade III groups. The counts of platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were determined.
Results
The diagnostic effect of PLR and NLR was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) and areas under the curve (AUC). The PLR and NLR values in observation group were higher than control group; two values in plaque group were higher than IMT group. The two values in t grade III plaque group were higher than in grade II. The two values in grade II plaque group were higher than grade I plaque group. The ROC of PLR and NLR were 0.722 and 0.653, the AUC of PLR and NLR were 111.086 and 2.240. PLR yielded a sensitivity of 0.789 and a specificity of 0.612.
Conclusion
NLR yielded a sensitivity of 0.809 and a specificity of 0.511. The PLR and NLR may be related to carotid inflammation in patients and positively correlated with carotid plaque.
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration on the Neurological Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: ALBINALI HISSAH , Alumran Arwa , AlRayes Saja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients experiencing cardiac arrest outside medical facilities are at greater risk of death and might have negative neurological outcomes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration affects neurological outcomes of such patients, which suggests that duration of CPR may be vital to patient outcomes.Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration on neurological outcome of patients who have suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Methods: Data were collected from emergency cases handled by a secondary hospital in industrial Jubail, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2020. There were 257 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, 236 of which resulted in death.Results: Bivariate analysis showed no significant association between cerebral performance category (CPC) outcomes and duration of CPR, gender and cause of death whereas there is statistically significant between CPC and age. (p = 0.001). However, a good CPC outcome was reported with a (mean) limited duration of 8.1 min of CPR; whereas, poor CPC outcomes were associated with prolonged periods of CPR, 13.2 min (mean). Similarly, youthfulness was associated with good CPC outcomes as revealed by the mean age of 5.8 years, whereas a mean rank of 14.9 years was aligned with a poor CPC outcome.Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Duration out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not significantly influence the patient neurological outcome in the current study hospital. Other variables may have a more significant effect.
Evaluation of Symptom and Side Effect Bother in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Patients Treated with Mogamulizumab or Vorinostat
Authors: Hudgens Stacie , Porcu Pierluigi , Quaglino Pietro , Huen Auris , Floden Lysbeth , Dwyer Karen , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas that can be serious and life-threatening with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patient-reported outcome individual items on skin symptoms and toxicity bother show significant treatment differences for patients with mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome.Methods: Health-related quality of life was assessed during the MAVORIC clinical trial of mogamulizumab for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas compared to vorinostat using the Skindex-29 (measures emotions, symptoms, and functioning) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) (assesses physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being). Pruritus was assessed with the ItchyQoL (measures symptoms, functioning, and emotions) and Likert Scale for level of itching. Item analyses used longitudinal generalized estimation equations of the post-baseline, treated period assessments to estimate likelihood of improvement. Forest plots of odds ratios (OR) characterized the likelihood of a 1- and 2-grade categorical improvement on individual items.Results: Patients treated with mogamulizumab were more likely to observe a 1-grade improvement in painful skin (OR = 1.74, CI: 1.180–2.572), irritated skin (OR = 1.34, CI: 0.909–1.978), lack of energy (OR = 2.20, CI: 1.461–3.309), side effect bother (OR = 1.28, CI: 0.810–2.020), and general cancer pain (OR = 1.38, CI: 0.922–2.063). Patients treated with mogamulizumab were more likely to observe a 2-grade improvement in burning or stinging skin (OR = 1.62, CI: 1.013–2.591, P < 0.05) and more likely to observe improvement in painful skin (OR = 1.78, CI: 1.045–3.021, P < 0.05).Conclusions: Single item analyses suggest a mogamulizumab symptom benefit during treatment compared to vorinostat for items on the skin symptoms of Skindex-29 and toxicity bother items of FACT-G.Trial registration: NCT01728805
Neutralization Characteristics HIV-1 CRF01_AE Env Clones from Infections in China
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Zehua , Li Xueli , An Yimeng , Jiang Fei , Wang Youchun , Gao Feng , Huang Weijin , Xing Hui , Yu Bin , Zhao Chenyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Owing to the increasing prevalence of HIV-1 CRF_01AE, it is necessary to understand the neutralization properties of CRF_01AE and to develop broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnmAbs) that can neutralize this virus. The full-length Env gene was cloned from HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected plasma specimens collected in China and used to establish pseudoviruses. Neutralization phenotypes of the pseudoviruses were characterized with bnmAbs. The neutralizing activities of 11 bnmAbs VRC01, VRC03, IgG1b12 and 3BNC117 (targeting the CD4 binding site); PG9 (targeting the V1V2 region); 2G12 (sugar chain specific), PGT135 and 10-1074 (targeting the V3 region); 2F5, 4E10 and 10E8 (targeting the membrane proximal external region), against 36 pseudoviruses were analyzed, demonstrating varying efficacies. In general, VRC01, 10E8 and 3BNC117 showed strong neutralizing activity, neutralizing more than 75% of the pseudoviruses; followed by PG9 and 4E10, showing moderate neutralizing activity with neutralization of 50%–60% of the pseudoviruses; whereas the efficacies of the remaining bnmAbs were poor, neutralizing less than 15% of pseudoviruses tested. Env variants of CRF_01AE also showed significant differences in resistance to neutralization. CRF_01AE Env variants pose a serious challenge for the development of bnmAbs and vaccines, and these characterized HIV-1 CRF_01AE pseudoviruses could be used for neutralization studies and evaluation of vaccines or anti-HIV-1 products in China.
The First Identification and Some Carcass Characteristics of the 7 Lumbar Vertebrae in Sheep in Turkey
Authors: Gungor Omer Faruk , Unal Necmettin , Ozbeyaz Ceyhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to draw attention to the number of the lumbar vertebrae in R1 BBA crosses (Bafra x F1 (Bafra x Akkaraman)) lambs (75% Bafra and 25% Akkaraman), and the effect of 7 lumbar vertebrae on some carcass traits. Even though some studies reported that the number of the lumbar vertebrae might be considerably different dependent on the sheep genotype, this has not been reported for Turkish breeds. While a study on the R1 BBA lambs has been performed, seven lumbar vertebrae have been identified in four of the eighteen lambs. The means of the carcass length (80.800±0.583 and 84.375±1.375 cm) (P= 0.036), leg weight (5.942±0.079 and 6.209±0.052 kg) (P= 0.032), loin weight (1.560±0.096 and 1.849±0.060 kg) (P= 0.048), and loin’s lean weight (0.875±0.059 and 1.058±0.032 kg) (P= 0.040) were statistically different between the groups of lambs (6 and 7 lumbar vertebrae, respectively). In conclusion, the number of lumbar vertebrae has economically affected important parts of the carcass.
Exploratory Principal Component Analysis of Body Morphometric Traits as Affected by Age and Sex in Donkeys
Authors: Ibrahim Onoruoyiza Asuku , Olutunmogun Kayode Anthony , Iliya Mallam , Umego Chima Martin , Alao Opeyemi Rachel , Umar Umar Aliyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the principal component analysis of body morphometric traits as affected by age and sex in donkeys reared on a research station in the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria. This was based on the objective of classifying age and sex using the multivariant method of principal component analysis (PCA) on morphometric traits of donkeys. Data were collected from a total of 101 donkeys based on age and sex on body wright, heart girth, body length, height at withers, tail length, shoulder width, head width, ear length, head length, neck circumference and neck length. The data obtained were subjected to multivariate factor analysis with varimax rotation using IBM® SPSS® Version 21. The results obtained revealed that the age group ≤ 1 year had one PCA, 2–3 years age group had four PCA, 4–5 years group had three PCA while those ≥ 6 years had two PCA. Most of the variables in combination with age largely formed the block of PC1 while other PCA had one or two variables correlating with them. Most of the variables formed PC1 for the Jacks while head width (HW) and ear length (EL) formed PC2. The Jennies had its entire variable in one PCA. Therefore, PC1 had the highest loading for the variables both by age and by sex as the animals are relatively well adapted to their environment. It can be concluded that donkeys between 2-3years have more PC correlation proportions.
Foot Orthotics with Morton's Extension doesn't Affects the Forces inside First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Osteoarthritis Pathology.
Authors: Sanchez-Gomez Ruben , Lopez-Alcorocho Juan Manuel , Romero-Morales Carlos , Gomez-Carrion Alvaro , Zaragoza-García Ignacio , Martinez-Sebastian Carlos , Ortuño-Soriano Ismael , Cruz-Torres Blanca De la 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Study designCase-control studyBackgroundRigid Morton’s extension (ME) are a kind of orthotics that have been used as conservative treatments of hallux rigidus (HR) named osteoarthritis, but only their effects on first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) mobility and position in healthy subjects have been studied, but not on its applied forces neither in HR subjects.ObjectivesThis study sought to understand how ME orthotics with three different thicknesses could influence the kinetic first MPJ, measured dorsally using the Jack maneuver and comparing subjects with normal first MPJ mobility versus those with HR. We aimed to clarify whether tension values were different between healthy and HR subjects.Methods Fifty-eight healthy subjects were selected, of which 30 were included in the case group according to HR criteria, and 28 were included in the control group. A digital algometer was used to assess the pulled tension values (kgf) of the first MPJ during the Jack maneuver (2-mm, 4-mm, and 8-mm ME thicknesses) versus the first MPJ in the weight-bearing resting position (WRP).ResultsThe pulled tension values were reliable (ICC > 0.963). There were no statistically significant differences between the pulled tension values for the different WRP and ME conditions in the case (p = 0.969) or control (p = 0.718) groups. ConclusionsDifferent ME thicknesses had no influence on the pulled tension applied during the simulated dorsiflexion Jack maneuver.Clinical Relevance This research aims to highlight the importance of the force effects of ME when treating hallux rigidus conservatively. Our results indicate that the tension values of the first MPJ during Jack maneuver had no significant pulling force effects on ME in healthy and hallux rigidus subjects, which suggests that its prescription can be made without danger of joint overload.