bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale seismic reliability assessment of networks by centrality‐based selective recursive decomposition algorithm
Authors: Lee Dongkyu , Song Junho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs lifeline networks such as transportation or electricity networks in modern societies are intricately interlocked, a small number of components damaged by natural or man‐made disasters can have a great impact on network performance. For this reason, it is essential to assure the capability of rapid assessment of network reliability to make prompt follow‐up measures. Despite the rapid development of various algorithms and computing power, the capability is still limited due to computational cost for analyzing the connectivity of a single origin and destination (O/D) node pair in large‐scale networks. Therefore, this paper introduces a new algorithm utilizing network centrality, termed “centrality‐based selective recursive decomposition algorithm” (CS‐RDA). By preferentially decomposing the node which is most likely to belong to the min‐cut identified based on the betweenness centrality, the convergence of the bounds on the O/D connectivity can be expedited significantly. This paper also introduces a new multi‐scale analysis approach termed “edge‐betweenness algorithm.” The algorithm groups components such that its modularity is maximized, by sequentially removing edges that have the highest level of betweenness centrality. As a result, the reliability of large‐scale networks can be accurately evaluated in a short time owing to the reduced complexity of the simplified network. The proposed methods are successfully demonstrated by a hypothetical network example, the highway bridge networks in San Jose and San Diego in California, USA.
Significantly hypoglycemic effect of a novel functional bread rich in mulberry bark and improving the related functions of liver, pancreas, and kidney, on T2D mice
Authors: Weng Yu‐Jie , Zhang Meng , Wang Jiang , Zhang Yu‐Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo develop a novel functional food with lowering blood glucose for diabetics, the mixed bread containing mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) was used for the oral administration of the type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice induced by streptozocin (STZ), high‐fat and high‐sugar diet for 7 weeks. 5%, 10%, and 15% MBBP bread diets had a significatively positive influence on the biochemical indicators, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry observations in T2D mice. The 15% MBBP‐rich bread diet evidently retarded loss weight of T2D mice, and decreased in FBG by about 55% and in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by about 30%. Its glucose tolerance and serum insulin levels were very close to normal level. The abnormal lipid metabolism and insulin‐related index of T2D mice in both the 10% and 15% MBBP bread diet groups were partly reversed. The Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of key proteins in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were decreased and expression levels of immunoproteins PPARγ, TNF‐α, P65, and IL6 were increased. In general, oral MBBP bread diets effectively restored some functions and repaired damage to the pancreas, liver, and kidney in T2D mice. Therefore, MBBP is potential to develop into a novel functional food additive with significantly hypoglycemic effect.
Head and neck cancer and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saka‐Herrán Constanza , Jané‐Salas Enric , Estrugo‐Devesa Albert , López‐López José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective was to assess the effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register databases were searched. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed with the RevMan software. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Quality scores for observational studies ranged between 5 and 8 stars and the RCT was assessed as high risk of bias. NSAIDs use was associated with a 13% risk reduction of HNC (OR: 0.87 95% CI 0.77–0.99). NSAIDs use was associated with a 30% reduced cancer‐specific mortality and with a 40% decreased risk on disease‐recurrence. NSAIDs may have a modest protective effect on HNC risk and a positive impact on cancer‐specific survival and disease‐recurrence. The findings do not support a protective role of aspirin on HNC outcomes.
Effect of urea fertilizer concentration on water and nitrogen transport and transformation in soil in a film‐hole multi‐line interference infiltration system*
Authors: Tuo Yunfei , Shen Fangyuan , Yang Cuiping , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Fei , Wang Qian , Zheng Yang , Du Wenjuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of urea concentration on soil water distribution and nitrogen transport and transformation.Soil box tests were carried out in the laboratory for the multidirectional cross‐infiltration of urea fertilizer solutions with concentrations of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g l¯¹ to study the characteristics of soil water distribution and nitrogen transport and transformation in the process of multidirectional infiltration of urea fertilizer solutions with different concentrations.Under the same irrigation time, the soil moisture content and ammonium and nitrate nitrogen increased with increasing fertilizer concentration. At the same fertilizer concentration, the soil moisture content and ammonium and nitrate nitrogen increased with increasing irrigation time. At the same distribution time, the soil moisture content and its rate of decrease increased with increasing fertilizer concentration.The correlation coefficients of the empirical formula were all greater than 0.90, and the standard error was very low. Moreover, based on a significance test at the 0.05 significance level, it could be seen that this empirical formula reflected the soil water distribution and nitrogen transport and transformation rules in multidirectional confluence infiltration through membrane holes with different fertilizer concentrations.
Culturally Sustaining Disciplinary Literacy for Bi/Multilingual Learners: Creating a Translanguaging Social Studies Classroom
Authors: Hernandez Garcia Mina , Schleppegrell Mary J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis department explores the concept of disciplinary literacy—the conceptual understandings and ways of reading, thinking, and writing involved in critiquing and constructing knowledge in a discipline—and its intersections with aspects of culturally sustaining pedagogy. Columns highlight high‐quality disciplinary literacy learning opportunities across subject areas that engage students in critically examining the world around them, interrogating accepted knowledge, contributing their own perspectives to shape that knowledge, and sustaining and developing the literacies needed to do this work.
Effects of novel brain‐penetrating oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivators on sarin surrogate‐induced changes in rat brain gene expression
Authors: Dail Mary E. , Brino Meghan L. M. , Chambers Janice E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPast assassinations and terrorist attacks demonstrate the need for a more effective antidote against nerve agents and other organophosphates (OP) that cause brain damage through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Our lab has invented a platform of phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes (US patent 9,277,937) that demonstrate the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier in in vivo rat tests with a sarin surrogate nitrophenyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (NIMP) and provide evidence of brain penetration by reducing cessation time of seizure‐like behaviors, accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and hippocampal neuropathology, as opposed to the currently approved oxime, 2‐pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (2‐PAM). Using two of the novel oximes (Oximes 1 and 20), this project examined whether gene expression changes might help explain this protection. Expression changes in the piriform cortex were examined using polymerase chain reaction arrays for inflammatory cytokines and receptors. The hippocampus was examined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the expression of immediate‐early genes involved in brain repair (Bdnf), increasing neurotoxicity (Fos), and apoptosis control (Jdp2, Bcl2l1, Bcl2l11). In the piriform cortex, NIMP significantly stimulated expression for the macrophage inflammatory proteins CCL4, IL‐1A, and IL‐1B. Oxime 20 by itself elicited the most changes. When it was given therapeutically post‐NIMP, the largest change occurred: a 310‐fold repression of the inflammatory cytokine, CCL12. In the hippocampus, NIMP increased the expression of the neurotoxicity marker Fos and decreased the expression of neuroprotective Bdnf and antiapoptotic Bcl2l1. Compared with 2‐PAM, Oxime 20 stimulated Bcl2l1 expression more and returned expression closer to the vehicle control values.
Occlusal trauma is associated with periodontitis: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Ríos Cristian Camilo , Campiño Jorge Iván , Posada‐López Adriana , Rodríguez‐Medina Carolina , Botero Javier Enrique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive occlusal forces and occlusal trauma have been implicated as co‐destructive factors for periodontitis in animal models. The objective of this study was to assess the association between occlusal trauma and periodontitis.MethodsA total of 167 cases and 205 controls were included for analysis. Occlusal trauma was the exposures of interest and was registered for cases and controls. Additional clinical co‐variables were registered as well for further analysis. The association of the exposure and periodontitis was determined by the odds ratio and logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders.ResultsAmalgam restorations, pathogenic occlusion and occlusal trauma were more frequent in cases as compared to controls (P ≤ 0.05). The distribution of pathogenic occlusion and occlusal trauma was similar according to the stage and class of periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association for cigarette smoking, systemic conditions, amalgam restorations, pathogenic occlusion, and occlusal trauma with periodontitis (P ≤ 0.05). After adjusting for confounding variables in the model, amalgam restorations and occlusal trauma remained strongly associated with periodontitis (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsOcclusal trauma is strongly associated with periodontitis. Additional long‐term prospective studies are necessary to further understand the impact of the occlusal condition and periodontitis.
Gelation and microstructural properties of fish myofibrillar protein gels with the incorporation of l‐lysine and l‐arginine at low ionic strength
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Feng Tingting , Wang Xingwei , Zhang Xiaoming , Xia Shuqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe solubility limitation and poor gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins at low ionic strength are the most challenging obstacle to limit salt reduction in meat products. In the present study, five amino acids with different concentrations of 5, 10 15, and 20 mmol L–1, l‐lysine (Lys), l‐arginine (Arg), l‐histidine (His), l‐proline (Pro) and l‐glycine (Gly), were introduced into myofibrillar protein (MP) suspensions at low ionic strength to improve solubility and gelation properties.RESULTSThe dynamic rheological analysis showed that the MPs at 100 mmol L–1 NaCl containing 15/20 mmol L–1 Lys/Arg exhibited similar gelling behaviors to MPs at 600 mmol L–1 NaCl. Similarly, 15/20 mmol L–1 Lys/Arg significantly increased the solubility of MPs and the water holding capacity (WHC) and gel strength of MP gels, which was comparable to those of MPs at 600 mmol L–1 NaCl. Furthermore, Lys and Arg promoted the formation of aggregation‐type gel with a dense and compact structure observed by scanning electron microscopy. The gels containing 15/20 mmol L–1 Lys/Arg exhibited a significant increase in the proportion of immobilized water (P21).CONCLUSIONThe enhancement of WHC, gel strength, and P21 was closely associated with the increased solubility and the dense microstructure induced by Lys and Arg with high concentrations of 15 and 20 mmol L–1. The knowledge obtained from this study may be useful for the improvement of gelation properties of MPs at low ionic strength using l‐lysine and l‐arginine. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Formulation, pilot‐scale preparation, physicochemical characterization and digestibility of a lentil protein‐based model infant formula powder
Authors: Alonso‐Miravalles Loreto , Barone Giovanni , Waldron David , Bez Juergen , Joehnke Marcel Skejovic , Petersen Iben Lykke , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K , O'Mahony James A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInfant formula is a human milk substitute for consumption during the first months of life. The protein component of such products is generally of dairy origin. Alternative sources of protein, such as those of plant origin, are of interest due to dairy allergies, intolerances, and ethical and environmental considerations. Lentils have high levels of protein (20–30%) with a good amino acid profile and functional properties. In this study, a model lentil protein‐based formula (LF), in powder format, was produced and compared to two commercial plant‐based infant formulae (i.e., soy; SF and rice; RF) in terms of physicochemical properties and digestibility.ResultsThe macronutrient composition was similar between all the samples; however, RF and SF had larger volume‐weighted mean particle diameters (D[4,3] of 121–134 μm) than LF (31.9 μm), which was confirmed using scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy. The larger particle sizes of the commercial powders were attributed to their agglomeration during the drying process. Regarding functional properties, the LF showed higher D[4,3] values (17.8 μm) after 18 h reconstitution in water, compared with the SF and RF (5.82 and 4.55 μm, respectively), which could be partially attributed to hydrophobic protein–protein interactions. Regarding viscosity at 95 °C and physical stability, LF was more stable than RF. The digestibility analysis showed LF to have similar values (P < 0.05) to the standard SF.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that, from the nutritional and physicochemical perspectives, lentil proteins represent a good alternative to other sources of plant proteins (e.g., soy and rice) in infant nutritional products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Short‐term outcomes of medium‐low rectal cancer treated by taTME and experience of 22 cases
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Shen Kexin , Wang Zeming , Xie Zhongshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and MethodsTransanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is a novel radical resection technique that may address the unsatisfactory functional and oncological outcomes of medium‐low rectal cancers. Although its oncological safety remains unclear, taTME has demonstrable value in surgery, complications, and oncological outcomes. Here, we explore the short‐term outcomes of rectal cancer after taTME and discuss the surgical experience. Twenty‐two patients with medium‐low rectal cancer who underwent taTME were retrospectively evaluated. Comprehensive demographic, oncological, and clinical data were analyzed and the perioperative state and postoperative follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsOver a median follow‐up period of 24.4 (4–36) months, local recurrence occurred in one patient at 6 months postsurgery. Fecal incontinence was the most common postoperative complication, and 3–6 months of pelvic‐floor‐rehabilitation training greatly improved anal functionConclusionstaTME achieved satisfactory short‐term outcomes in oncological complications and postoperative functions. Accurate intraoperative anatomical location, identification of the rectovesical fascia, and neuroprotection are critical. However, this procedure has a steep learning curve, and large samples and multicenter studies are required to substantiate its effectiveness.DiscussionWe retrospectively analyzed the oncological and functional prognosis of 22 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing taTME surgery and preliminarily concluded taTME can be regarded as a safe and feasible treatment.
Use of volumetric CT scanning to predict tumor staging and survival in pancreatic cancer patients that are to be administered curative resection
Authors: Sengul Samanci Nilay , Çelik Emir , Bagcilar Omer , Tutar Onur , Samanci Cesur , Velidedeoglu Mehmet , Yassa Ahmet Ersin , Demirci Nebi Serkan , Demirelli Fuat Hulusi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the achievability of CT volumetry of pancreatic cancer and its correlation with pTNM stage and survival.MethodsTumor volume was measured from contrast enhanced CT images of 58 patients who undergo curative resection for pancreatic cancer using the Segment Editor module implemented in 3D‐Slicer—a free open source software platform. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate correlation between Tvol and pTNM staging.ResultsThe preoperative images of 58 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients were included. The mean Tvol of pancreatic cancer is an increasing trend with T stage (The mean T1vol = 1.75 cm3, the mean T2vol = 11.43 cm3, the mean T3vol = 14.98 cm3, the mean T4vol = 19.6 cm3). There were statistical differences between volumes (p = .000). On ROC analysis, the area under the ROC curve (Az) of Tvol to differentiate T1 stage from ≥T2 stage was 0.966 (p = .000). At a cut‐off value of 3.050 cm3, sensitivity of 92.3%, and specificity of 83.3% were achieved. Az value of Tvol to differentiate ≤T2 from ≥T3 stage was 0.750 (p = .010). At a cut‐off value of 10.250 cm3, sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 66% were achieved. In addition Az value of Tvol to differentiate ≤T3 from ≥T4 stage was 0.652 and was not significant (p = .380). At a cut‐off value of 11.2 cm3, sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 63.6% were achieved.ConclusionCT volumetry in pancreatic cancer is feasible with excellent reproducibility. It is one of the prognostic factors affecting survival in operated patients with pancreatic cancer.
Longitudinal Study of Pelvic Floor Characteristics Before, During, and After Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Lakovschek Ioana‐Claudia , Trutnovsky Gerda , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Gold Daniela 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the changes in the pelvic floor before, during, and after pregnancy in the same collective of nulliparous women.MethodsIn a prospective observational pilot study between April 2015 and June 2019 in nulliparous women with planned pregnancy, we used the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP‐Q) system; a 2‐dimensional (2D) sonography to investigate the bladder neck, cervix, and anorectal junction positions; and a 3D/4D sonography to measure the hiatus of the levator ani muscle (LH area) during Valsalva maneuver. Five visits were planned: 1 before, 3 during, and 1 visit after pregnancy.ResultsTwenty‐four women participated in the study. We achieved a minimum of 2 visit measurements from 10 women who became pregnant. The LH area decreased during the first trimester and then increased until the third trimester. Postpartum, the LH area reached the prepregnancy state. We observed changes in the bladder neck mobility, bladder neck position, cervix, and anorectal junction from the first trimester. Postpartum, the bladder neck mobility was higher, and the position of the bladder neck and anorectal junction was lower than before pregnancy. We observed no remarkable changes in the POP‐Q state during pregnancy.ConclusionThis was the first study to investigate pelvic floor characteristics in the same collective before, during, and after pregnancy. We observed pelvic floor changes from the prepregnancy state to the first trimester to postpartum. The study results need to be confirmed in a larger study.
Effect of fertilization, carbon‐based material, and redmud amendments on the bacterial activity and diversity of a metal(loid) contaminated mining soil
Authors: Lebrun Manhattan , Miard Florie , Van Poucke Reinhart , Tack Filip M. G. , Scippa Gabriella S. , Bourgerie Sylvain , Morabito Domenico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil amendments can be used to improve phytoremediation of polluted soils. Little is known about the effects of single or combined amendment addition on the bacterial community. Two carbon‐based amendments, a biochar and an activated carbon, and two redmuds were applied to a lead and arsenic contaminated mine spoil Technosol, alone or in combinations. The bacterial community was evaluated using enzyme activities, Biolog EcoPlates, and next‐generation sequencing with reference to untreated soil and fertilized soil. Fertilization had a negative effect on the bacterial community diversity and activity. The two carbon‐based materials decreased β‐glucosidase activity but increased carbon‐related activity (Biolog EcoPlates) while the two redmuds increased the overall activity of the bacterial community. The combination of biochar and redmud increased both the diversity and activity of the bacterial community. All treatments induced a shift in the bacterial community structure. The treatments containing the neutralized redmud and/or biochar clustered together, whereas the treatments with nonprocessed redmud and activated carbon were closer to nonamended soil, while the bacterial community of the fertilization treatment was different from it. Treatments with biochar and/or neutralized redmud resulted in a similar community composition while the bacterial community of the treatments with activated carbon and nonprocessed redmud remained more similar to that of the nonamended technosol.
Augmentation of global marine sedimentary carbon storage in the age of plastic
Authors: Smeaton Craig 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlastic is entering the world's oceans at an unprecedented rate impacting the functioning of the natural marine environment. Yet little consideration has been given to the potential of carbon (C) in the form of plastic (Cplas) to augment the marine carbon system. Here it is shown that Cplas is an integral part of the anthropogenic marine C cycle. Annually, 7.8 ± 1.73 Mt of Cplas is deposited at the seabed with a further 17.2–57.1 Mt Cplas already present on the seafloor. The quantity of Cplas currently being deposited on the seabed annually exceeds the rate at which organic carbon (OC) is buried in some marine sediments and by 2050 it is possible that the rate at which Cplas is buried will match fjord sediments which are global hotspots for OC burial. Though unwanted this new anthropogenic pathway for C to reach the marine environment cannot be ignored.