bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of nocturia and cardiovascular disease: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Moon Shinje , Yu Sung Hoon , Chung Hye Soo , Kim Yoon Jung , Yu Jae Myung , Kim Sung Jin , Kwon Ohseong , Lee Young Goo , Cho Sung Tae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association of nocturia with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsAmong the 40 790 individuals who participated in NHANES from 2005 to 2012, 14 114 adults were analyzed in this study. A participant was considered to have nocturia if they have two or more voiding episodes nightly. In addition, participants with nocturia more than four times in a day were considered to have severe nocturia. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleeping time, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus was performed with 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsNocturia occurred in 4610 individuals (32.7%). The prevalence of CVD was significantly higher in men, older individuals, those with higher BMI, smokers, and those with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. There was also a significantly higher prevalence of nocturia in the participants with CVD. Multivariate analysis showed that odds ratios (ORs) of mild and severe nocturia for CVD were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.39) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.39–2.17), respectively. After 1:1 PSM, the ORs of mild and severe nocturia were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.10–1.48) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.33–2.26), respectively, showing statistical significance.ConclusionData from the NHANES indicate that CVD was significantly associated with the prevalence of nocturia, after taking major confounding factors into account. Furthermore, the risk for CVD increases with increasing nocturia severity.
Finding minimum label spanning trees using cross‐entropy method
Authors: Vaisman Radislav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObtaining high‐quality solutions to the minimum label spanning tree problem is of crucial importance to efficient communication network design, since such solutions can reduce both the construction cost and the complexity of the ultimate architecture. However, the corresponding optimization task was shown to be hard even for complete graphs. As a consequence, no computationally efficient method for solving this problem exactly in a reasonable time is known to exist and one has to rely on approximation techniques such as heuristic and evolutionary algorithms. In this study, we investigate the performance of a different method called the Cross‐Entropy algorithm which relies on rigorous developments in the fields of information theory and stochastic simulation. Our findings indicate that the mathematical soundness of the Cross‐Entropy method makes it very reliable and robust as compared to its counterparts. In particular, the obtained results suggest that the Cross‐Entropy method is not sensitive to different graph models and that the proposed algorithm can obtain optimal or near‐optimal solutions while using a reasonable computational effort.
A machine learning–based approach to regional‐scale mapping of sensitive glaciomarine clay combining airborne electromagnetics and geotechnical data
Authors: Christensen Craig William , Harrison Edward John , Pfaffhuber Andreas Aspmo , Lund Alf Kristian 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSensitive glaciomarine clays, often referred to as ‘quick clay’, commonly occur in many countries at high, northerly latitudes, causing frequent and occasionally devastating landslides. The salt content of quick clay is strongly correlated to both its shear strength and electrical resistivity. Hence, it can be mapped using electromagnetic methods more efficiently than traditional intrusive methods, the latter of which can often be slow and costly. However, the resistivity signature of quick clay is non‐unique, leading to ambiguous, imprecise interpretations of geophysical models. In this study, we present an improved method for predicting the probability of quick clay using airborne electromagnetics. Using machine learning algorithms, we combine geophysical models with geotechnical data to address the issue of their non‐unique resistivity signature. Beyond resistivity values, the machine learning algorithms use spatial derivatives of resistivity and spatial attributes. We evaluate the performance of this method using data collected from a road construction project in central Norway. Results show that this method is able to make plausible and accurate predictions of quick clay occurrence using as few as 10 boreholes across an area of 14.8 km2, and that it outperforms a simple interpretation based on resistivity intervals alone. In addition to a ‘best guess’ categorical classification, these algorithms output probability estimates, and we demonstrate that they are a reliable indication of uncertainty. The accuracy of these predictions also tends to increase as more geotechnical data are included as training data, helping compensate for the limited resolution of the airborne electromagnetics data. Given that the petrophysics of the clays at this test site are consistent with observations in other regions, we expect this method has the potential to make quick clay hazard mapping more efficient by offering valuable early‐phase insights, leading to large time and cost savings for both infrastructure planning and regional hazard mapping.
A reflection of the unfavorable living conditions caused by the First World War in the diet and health of a 10‐year‐old boy (1907–1917) from Vetlá cemetery, Bohemia
Authors: Cvrček Jan , Drtikolová Kaupová Sylva , Půtová Lenka , Velemínský Petr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough First World War battles did not directly affect the territory of all participating states, the conflict brought suffering in the form of a decline in their inhabitants' economic situation. This was also true in the Czech Lands. Opportunities for studying the impact of the period's difficult living conditions on the human body are very limited. This study presents pilot research into the possible influence of the wartime environment on children's lives through the example of a 10‐year‐old boy (1907–1917) from a family of landowners. The circumstances of his death and burial, demonstrated in coffin adjustment, confirm that the war influenced conditions at the time. We therefore considered the possible osteological and nutritional manifestations of the stress of that time, such as difference between biological and chronological age, the presence of skeletal developmental anomalies, signs of nonspecific stress in the form of linear enamel hypoplasia and Harris lines, and diet, also in the family context. The results showed no significant difference between the boy's biological and chronological ages nor body height disorder. There were seven developmental anomalies on his skeleton, some also found in other family members, which supports documented family relationships. Co‐occurrence of signs of nonspecific stress and isotopic shifts were also found, indicating the possible presence of nutritional stress before his wartime death.
Liver Fat Reduction After Gastric Banding and Associations with Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and β‐Cell Function
Authors: Xiang Anny H. , Martinez Mayra P. , Trigo Enrique , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Cree‐Green Melanie , Arslanian Silva A. , Ehrmann David A. , Caprio Sonia , Mohamed Passant H. I. H. , Hwang Darryl H. , Katkhouda Namir , Nayak Krishna S. , Buchanan Thomas A. ,   for the RISE Consortium
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in liver fat and changes in insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function 2 years after gastric banding surgery.MethodsData included 23 adults with the surgery who had prediabetes or type 2 diabetes for less than 1 year and BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2 at baseline. Body adiposity measures including liver fat content (LFC), insulin sensitivity (M/I), and β‐cell responses (acute, steady‐state, and arginine‐stimulated maximum C‐peptide) were assessed at baseline and 2 years after surgery. Regression models were used to assess associations adjusted for age and sex.ResultsTwo years after surgery, all measures of body adiposity, LFC, fasting and 2‐hour glucose, and hemoglobin A1c significantly decreased; M/I significantly increased; and β‐cell responses adjusted for M/I did not change significantly. Among adiposity measures, reduction in LFC had the strongest association with M/I increase (r = −0.61, P = 0.003). Among β‐cell measures, change in LFC was associated with change in acute C‐peptide response to arginine at maximal glycemic potentiation adjusted for M/I (r = 0.66, P = 0.007). Significant reductions in glycemic measures and increase in M/I were observed in individuals with LFC loss >2.5%.ConclusionsReduction in LFC after gastric banding surgery appears to be an important factor associated with long‐term improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycemic profiles in adults with obesity and prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes.
Early Weight Loss as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Analyses from REGARD, RAINBOW, and RAINFALL Phase III Studies
Authors: Mansoor Wasat , Roeland Eric J. , Chaudhry Aafia , Liepa Astra M. , Wei Ran , Knoderer Holly , Abada Paolo , Chatterjee Anindya , Klempner Samuel J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Weight loss is common in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEA); however, the prognostic implications of weight loss during the first cycle (C1) of chemotherapy remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the impact of early weight loss during systemic treatment as a potential prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced G/GEA.

Materials and Methods
We performed a post hoc analysis of three phase III studies of ramucirumab. Patients were categorized into two groups: weight loss of ≥3% and &lt;3% based on weight change during C1 (3–4 weeks) of treatment. OS by weight groups was assessed for each study and as a pooled meta-analysis. The effect of C1 weight change on patient survival was evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox models.

Results
A total of 1,464 patients with weight data at the end of C1 were analyzed: REGARD (n = 311), RAINBOW (n = 591), and RAINFALL (n = 562). For all three studies, there were fewer patients in the weight loss ≥3% than &lt;3% group. OS was numerically shorter for patients with weight loss of ≥3% than for patients with weight loss of &lt;3% during C1 irrespective of treatment arm. Similar treatment independent effects of early weight loss on OS were observed in the meta-analysis. Overall, early weight loss ≥3% was associated with shorter survival in patients receiving active drug as well as placebo/best supportive care.

Conclusion
This large post hoc analysis demonstrated that weight loss of ≥3% during C1 was a negative prognostic factor for OS in patients with advanced G/GEA.

Implications for Practice
This comprehensive analysis examining early weight loss during systemic treatment as a predictor of survival outcomes in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEA) includes a large sample size, reliable on-treatment data reported in well-conducted phase III clinical trials, and global representation of cancer patients with advanced G/GEA. Understanding the impact of on-treatment weight loss is clinically relevant and may represent an opportunity for targeted interventions.
Engineered hemostatic bionanocomposite of poly(lactic acid) electrospun mat and amino‐modified halloysite for potential application in wound healing
Authors: Delyanee Mahsa , Solouk Atefeh , Akbari Somaye , Daliri Joupari Morteza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the essential characteristics of an ideal wound dressing is rapid hemostasis. This study aims to investigate the preparation and the characterization of electrospun poly(lactic acid) and halloysite nanotubes (PLA/HNTs) bionanocomposites with either different percentage of pristine and amino‐modified HNTs (i.e., 5, 10, and 20 wt%). The effects of HNT's presence, amount, and modification are evaluated on the physicochemical and biological properties which are essential for hemostatic wound dressing. The energy dispersive spectroscopy indicates HNTs are well embedded and dispersed on PLA nanofibers to induce functional interfacial interactions. The addition of HNTs to the PLA in a concentration of 10 wt% improves moisture properties and increases the Young modulus of mats from 26.4 ± 1.66 to 31.62 ± 1.91 and 40.7 ± 1.99 MPa for pristine and modified HNTs, respectively. Also, the surface charge as an influential factor on hemostasis is increased from −39.1 ± 0.3 to −48.4 ± 0.5 and −43.6 ± 0.2 mV for PLA/pristine and modified HNTs bionanocomposites, respectively. Accordingly, blood clotting formation accelerated from 9 to 4 min for the bionanocomposite mat. Furthermore, biological evaluations show that bionanocomposites have suitable cell supporting. It seems that PLA/amino‐modified HNTs bionanocomposite have potential application for hemostatic wound healing.
Burnout in urban teachers: The predictive role of supports and situational responses
Authors: Camacho Daniel A. , Hoover Sharon A. , Rosete Hazel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTeachers in urban schools experience stress and burnout at levels that significantly impact their mental health and occupational functioning, and contribute to alarming rates of attrition. The current mixed‐methods study employed a sample of 162 predominantly White and female urban teachers in the United States to examine the role of personal and contextual factors, and responses to situational challenges, in predicting burnout. Results revealed that multiple personal factors and responses to situational challenges predicted burnout. Notably, higher levels of professional and social‐emotional support predicted lower levels of burnout across multiple dimensions, while internal locus of control and digestive responses to situational challenges, respectively, predicted higher levels of Personal Accomplishment and Emotional Exhaustion. Implications include further avenues of research and suggestions for supports which function as teacher resources in the mitigation of burnout and promotion of wellbeing for urban teachers.
Coding‐decoding‐based sliding mode control for networked persistent dwell‐time switched systems
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Yi , Xia Jianwei , Shi Kaibo , Shen Hao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sliding mode control (SMC) problem for a class of discrete‐time networked switched systems under the coding‐decoding communication protocol (CDCP) is studied in this note. In the networked control systems, the CDCP is adopted to improve the efficiency and security of data transmission. First, based on the uniform quantization method, the criteria to ensure the detectability of the system are given, which establishes the theoretical framework of the CDCP. In addition, a mode‐dependent switched sliding surface and control law are constructed in terms of the decoded signal. Then, on the basis of the mode‐dependent Lyapunov function and matrix decoupling technique, sufficient conditions are given to ensure the exponential boundedness of the system, and the proof of reachability shows that the state responses can reach the sliding surface region in a finite time. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed SMC scheme are demonstrated by a numerical example.
Prescribed‐time control with explicit reference governor for a class of constrained cascaded systems
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Xiaobing , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent from both finite‐time control (where the settling time depends on the initial condition) and fixed‐time control (whose settling time is subject to an upper bound but varies due to uncertainties and nonlinearities), the prescribed‐time control achieves regulation in prescribed finite time, even under uncertain nonlinearities. This article investigates the prescribed‐time regulation problem for a class of cascaded systems with integral form and control input constraints. The establishment of prescribed‐time property consists of the prescribed‐time regulation controller and prescribed‐time explicit reference governor (PT‐ERG), both of which satisfy the prespecified time requirement. For an elegant implementation, the feasibility for the separate design of controller and governor is guaranteed through a developed prescribed‐time cascaded stable theory. For the prescribed‐time controller, the proposed smooth time‐varying controller provides the prescribed‐time convergence based on a residual‐time‐dependent scaling transformation. For the PT‐ERG dealing with the control input constraints, a reference trajectory with a fixed minimum convergence rate provides an elegant compromise between performance and constraints which keeps the constraint satisfied and tracking errors in an invariant set. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Hollow Silica‐Based Porous Liquids Functionalized Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2 Capture
Authors: Liu Shuo , Meng Long , Fan Jinwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) are a newly emerging type of porous materials with empty cavities and tailed functionalities, demonstrating great potential in gas capture. However, PLs used as fillers of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are seldom reported till now. Herein, MMMs for CO2 selective separation were prepared by incorporating hollow silica PLs into Pebax‐1657 matrix. As expected, the liquid‐like property of PLs renders excellent filler dispersion. Besides, the hollow cavities construct fast permeation diffusion channels, reducing trans‐membrane permeation resistance. More importantly, CO2‐philic moieties of PLs lead to superior CO2 selective permeation. Therefore, the as‐prepared MMM exhibited a CO2 permeability up to 229.5 Barrer with a CO2/N2 selectivity up to 71.7 (241.9 % and 90.2 % increment than those of pure Pebex‐1657 membrane, respectively), surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Finally, molecular simulation was applied to verify the improved interaction between gas molecules and membrane by analyzing interaction parameters. Our work underlines the feasibility and importance of porous liquids to design advanced fillers in MMMs, which makes great promise for CO2 capture.
Effects of Multiple OH/SH Substitution on the H‐Bonding/Stability versus Aromaticity of Benzene Rings: From Computational Insights
Authors: Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Arunan Elangannan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProperties of intramolecular H‐bond (IHB) for a chemical system can affect the changes in geometrical/electronic features in the vicinity of the bridge. Substitution of an atom (H) in benzene with OH/SH groups forming IHB has little effect on its aromaticity. This report is devoted to the depiction of the effect of OH/SH substituent on stability/aromaticity of multi‐substituted benzene ringsviaIHB formation. The computational studies on the stability/aromaticity in the homo (OH/SH) and hetero (OH and SH) substituted form of the benzene systems have been investigated using B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ and MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ approaches with the aid of aromaticity indices (AIs) descriptors (NICS, HOMA, AIBIC, and PDI) and IHB/stability diagnostics; relative energy, QTAIM based interaction energy acquired from the potential energy density and electron density, HBSBIC, and HOMO‐LUMO gap including NCI plots. The IHBs formed by different OH/SH substituents have a vital role as an aromaticity modulator and deploying the above‐said tools, it turns out that the cyclic 4n+2 π‐electrons delocalization is weakened/strengthened depending on the number and types of OH/SH substituents forming the IHBs. Here, all the AIs vary in a small amount and indicative of the modulator of the π‐electron structure to the substituent effectviaIHB formation. As in practical applications, the diagnostics based on different criteria do not speak with the same voice, hence interestingly, in many cases, the changes in AIs notably correlate with their stability.
Associations of cannabis use, opioid use, and their combination with serious psychological distress among Ontario adults
Authors: Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Elton‐Marshall Tara , Mann Robert E. , Hamilton Hayley A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering the widespread use of cannabis and opioids, examining the use of cannabis, opioids and their combination with serious psychological distress (SPD) is important. A total of N = 12,358 adults participating in the Monitor surveillance study between 2014 and 2019 were included. Cannabis and opioid use reflected any use of the substances in the past 12 months. SPD was defined as having a score of 13 or more on the Kessler‐6 questionnaire, a 6‐item scale that includes feeling nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, sad or depressed. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for complex survey design and sociodemographic factors. Overall, 12.8% of the sample reported cannabis use only, 18% reported opioid use only, and 4.9% reported both cannabis and opioid use. Use of both cannabis and opioids was significantly associated with SPD in both women (OR = 4.24; 95% CI, 2.34 to 7.69), and in men (OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.73) compared to use of neither. The joint association of cannabis and opioids with SPD was additive. Addressing those who use both cannabis and opioids may help reduce the burden of SPD among adults in Ontario.
Dual Network Sponge for Compressible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Wang Yunsong , Chen Yijun , Wu Huaisheng , Wu Yizeng , Zhao Xuewei , Han Ray P. S. , Cao Anyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompressible energy devices have received increasing attention with the rapid development of flexible electronics and wearable devices due to their size adaptability and functional stability. However, it is hard to simultaneously achieve satisfactory energy density and mechanical stability for electrodes. Here an open‐porous dual network sponge (DNS) with two networks of highly conductive carbon nanotubes and Li+‐intercalating TiO2‐B nanowires is synthesized and employed as compressible lithium ion battery electrodes. All 1D components inside the DNS mutually penetrate with each other to form two physically distinct but functionally coupling networks, endowing DNS excellent compressibility and stability. A prototype compressible lithium‐ion battery (C‐LIB) is also demonstrated, in which the DNS exhibits a specific capacity of >238 mAh g−1 under static 50% strain, and further in situ measurements show that under 1000 times of cyclic strains, DNS can charge and discharge normally maintaining a high capacity of 240 mAh g−1 and exhibits robustness to fast strain rates up to 500% min−1. The dual network structure can be extended to design high‐performance compliant electrodes that are promising to serve in future compressible and deformable electronics and energy systems.
Holographic complexity of rotating black holes
Authors: Al Balushi Abdulrahim , Hennigar Robie A. , Kunduri Hari K. , Mann Robert B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Within the framework of the “complexity equals action” and “complexity equals volume” conjectures, we study the properties of holographic complexity for rotating black holes. We focus on a class of odd-dimensional equal-spinning black holes for which considerable simplification occurs. We study the complexity of formation, uncovering a direct connection between complexity of formation and thermodynamic volume for large black holes. We consider also the growth-rate of complexity, finding that at late-times the rate of growth approaches a constant, but that Lloyd’s bound is generically violated.