bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐FDG PET and PET/CT as a diagnostic method for Ewing sarcoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seth Nimish , Seth Ishith , Bulloch Gabriella , Siu Adrian Hang Yue , Guo Allen , Chatterjee Rukmini , MacManus Michael , Donnan Leo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in imaging primary and metastatic lesions in Ewing sarcoma (ES).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. Data concerning 18F‐FDG PET/CT diagnostic accuracy were extracted and then analyzed using Open Meta‐analyst software. Reported diagnostic accuracy outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and diagnostic odds ratio.ResultsThirty‐one studies with a total of 735 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of 18F‐FDG PET/CT were: 92.6% and 74.1% for total ES lesions, 96.7% and 68.3% for ES primary lesions, 76.1% and 92.4% for lung metastasis, 83.9% and 93.2% for bone metastasis, and 89.9% and 92.6% for ES recurrence, respectively.Conclusion18F‐FDG PET/CT is sensitive and accurate in diagnosing, staging, and detecting the recurrence of ES compared with non‐PET imaging. It has high accuracy for diagnosing recurrence of ES in bone metastases; however, CT remains a superior diagnostic method for detecting lung metastasis.
Analytical artefacts: H2 carrier gas hydrogenation of plant volatiles during headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography
Authors: Sansom Catherine E. , Perry Nigel B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionHydrogen is the most efficient and economical carrier gas for gas chromatography (GC). However, there are rare reports of artefact formation by hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds on GC. Head space solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) GC conditions for hydrogenation were studied.MethodologyHS‐SPME‐GC‐mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of common classes of plant volatiles were carried out using hydrogen (H2) and helium (He) carrier gases with different SPME fibre coatings, GC inlet temperatures, and desorption times.ResultsCommon phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and green leaf volatiles were hydrogenated to varying degrees on HS‐SPME‐GC with H2 carrier gas and SPME fibres coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Carboxen (CAR), PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB), and PDMS/CAR/DVB. No artefacts were detected using PDMS‐only coated fibres or He carrier gas.ConclusionUnsaturated plant volatiles may be hydrogenated on HS‐SPME‐GC when using H2 carrier gas with SPME fibre coatings containing DVB polymer or CAR porous particles. Parallel analyses with He and H2 carrier gases are recommended when developing HS‐SPME‐GC methods for plant volatiles, or use of PDMS‐only coated fibres.
Multifunctional core–shell electrospun nanofibrous fabrics of poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk sericin (core) and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (shell)
Authors: Tuancharoensri Nantaprapa , Ross Gareth , Punyodom Winita , Mahasaranon Sararat , Jongjitwimol Jirapas , Topham Paul D , Ross Sukunya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCore–shell fibres (CSFs) offer a simple route to multifunctional hybrid materials for a wide range of applications. Herein, we report the design of a core–shell electrospun nanofibrous fabric containing a hydrophilic core and hydrophobic shell. CSFs were fabricated for the first time from poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk sericin (from silk cocoons) as the core and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) as the shell. The core serves as a potential carrier for water‐soluble bioactive agents, and the shell works as a barrier to prevent premature release of water‐soluble agents from the core. The effect of the molecular weight of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) and the loading of silk sericin on the morphology of fibres was studied. The parameters that significantly influence the core–shell electrospinning process were studied to elucidate the most effective conditions to create our multifunctional nanofibrous fabrics with smooth fibre morphology (diameters in the range 800–1300 nm) and low bead formation. Our CSFs were shown to degrade in saline buffer solution (pH 7.4) and were readily rendered with anti‐bacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the post‐spinning deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 40 nm diameter) or cinnamon essential oil (CEO). The fibres were non‐toxic to normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines, as the cells were shown to attach and proliferate on CSFs, CSF/AgNPs and CSF/CEO with good cell tolerance for 72 h of incubation. These smart multifunctional CSFs show great potential towards smart delivery fabrics/dressings capable of carrying water‐soluble bioactive agents surrounded by a protective, but degradable, antibacterial shell to guard the cargo for more effective controlled release. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Phthalide and 1‐Iodooctadecane Synergistic Optimization for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuping , Wu Jihuai , Wang Chunyan , Yang Yuqian , Wang Deng , Li Guodong , Du Yitian , Xu Yuan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Lan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe carrier non‐radiative recombination and instability of device caused by the inherent defects are main factors limiting development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). During the fabrication process of a PSC device, perovskite films often produce Pb0 and I0 defects. This paper reports a strategy for synergistic optimization of perovskite films by defects passivation and surface modification. The doping of phthalide (PT) in the Pb‐rich (CH(NH2)2)1−x(CH3NH3)xPbI3 film can passivate lead cation defects, and the modification of 1‐iodooctadecane (1‐IO) can reduce halogen anion defects and improve stability of PSCs owing to its hydrophobicity. The PT and 1‐IO optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.27%. The optimized PSCs remain 93.2% of the initial PCE when placed in air environment (relative humidity of 10%, 25 °C) more than 70 days. The PT and 1‐IO synergistic optimization provides a novel strategy for improving the performance and stability of PSCs.
Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti3C2Tx Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Guohao , Lian Shuhan , Song Fei , Chen Shuijiao , Wu Zhenjun , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochemical sodium‐ion storage has come out as a promising technology for energy storage, where the development of electrode material that affords high volumetric capacity and long‐term cycling stability remains highly desired yet a challenge. Herein, Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐based films are prepared by using sulfur (S) as the mediator to modulate the surface chemistry and microstructure, generating S‐doped mesoporous Ti3C2Tx films with high flexibility. The mesoporous architecture offers desirable surface accessibility without significantly sacrificing the high density of Ti3C2Tx film. Meanwhile, the surface sulfur doping of Ti3C2Tx favors the diffusion of sodium ions. These merits are of critical importance to realize high volumetric capacity of the electrode material. As a consequence, as the freestanding electrode material for electrochemical sodium‐ion storage, the S‐doped mesoporous Ti3C2Tx film exhibits a high volumetric capacity of 625.6 mAh cm−3 at 0.1 A g−1, which outperforms that of many reported electrodes. Moreover, outstanding rate capability and excellent long‐term cycling stability extending 5000 cycles are achieved. The work opens the door for innovative design and rational fabrication of MXene‐based films with ultrahigh volumetric capacity for sodium‐ion storage.
Structural Variations of Metal Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Gao Ruiqin , Deng Meng , Yan Qing , Fang Zhenxing , Li Lichun , Shen Haoyu , Chen Zhengfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an important electrode reaction in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical cells for a carbon‐free energy cycle, has attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Metal oxides have been considered as good candidates for electrocatalytic OER because they can be easily synthesized and are relatively stable during the OER process. However, inevitable structural variations still occur to them due to the complex reaction steps and harsh working conditions of OER, thus impending the further insight into the catalytic mechanism and rational design of highly efficient electrocatalysts. The aim of this review is to disclose the current research progress toward the structural variations of metal oxide‐based OER electrocatalysts. The origin of structural variations of metal oxides is discussed. Based on some typical oxides performing OER activity, the external and internal factors that influence the structural stability are summarized and then some general approaches to regulate the structural variation process are provided. Some operando methods are also concluded to monitor the structural variation processes and to identify the final active structure. Additionally, the unresolved problems and challenges are presented in an attempt to get further insight into the mechanism of structural variations and establish a rational structure–catalysis relationship.
Late Ordovician (Katian) linguliform microbrachiopods from north‐eastern Yunnan, South China
Authors: Chen Di , Huang Bing , Li Wen‐Jie , Li Rong‐Yu , Rong Jia‐Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLinguliform brachiopods are a minor but distinctive component of the Palaeozoic Evolutionary Fauna. However, there is no formal research on Katian (Late Ordovician) linguliform microbrachiopods in South China. Fossils from the ‘Pagoda’, ‘Linhsiang’ and Daduhe formations, Wanhe section of Yunnan Province, South China, provide a unique opportunity to bridge the gap. Here, we report and systematically describe, for the first time, a deep‐water Katian linguliform microbrachiopod association, including 13 species assigned to nine genera, namely Paterula cf. numerosa Popov, Hisingerella tenuis Holmer, Scaphelasma sp., Torynelasma? sp., Biernatia holmi Holmer, ?Biernatia maruiaensis Percival et al., Biernatia pseudoplana Percival et al., Biernatia wrighti Percival et al., Opsiconidion praecursor Popov et al., Opsiconidion sp., Eoconulus puteus Percival et al., Acanthambonia sp. and Nushbiella lillianae Holmer. To explore the composition and distribution model of global deep‐water micromorphic linguliforms in the Katian, a dataset of occurrence of 40 genera from five superfamilies and 10 localities in Baltica, Avalonia, Australian Gondwana, Boshchekul Island Arc and South China is established. Compared with those of other localities, the Chinese association is dominated by Acrotretoidea with no taxon of Discinoidea or Paterinoidea. The global dataset is analysed using non‐metric multidimensional scaling. The results indicate an endemic biogeographical pattern for the Katian linguliform microbrachiopods, which can be explained by oceanic circulation or environmental differences.
Gold‐Catalyzed Annulations with Nucleophilic Nitrenoids Enabled by Heteroatom‐Substituted Alkynes
Authors: Davies Paul W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe combination of a nucleophilic nitrene equivalent, a triple bond and a π‐acid catalyst has underpinned numerous efficient transformations for the preparation of azacycles. This personal account details our efforts in developing an annulation strategy. Adding a nucleophilic nitrenoid to an activated alkyne can generate carbenoid character that is then quenched by a cyclisation onto the nitrenoid substituent. The use and development of N‐acyl and N‐heterocyclic pyridinium‐N‐aminides as 1,3‐N,O and 1,3‐N,N‐dipole equivalents is discussed in the context of oxazole and heterocycle‐fused imidazole formation, respectively. The resulting processes are highly efficient, practically straightforward, and tolerate considerable structural and functional group variation. Our use of heteroatom‐substituted alkynes as enabling tools for reaction discovery is discussed. The reactivity accessed from the strong donor‐like properties of ynamides is complemented by that obtained from alkynyl thioethers, which are emerging as interesting substrates for π‐acid catalysis.
Introduction
Authors: Aljurf Mahmoud , Majhail Navneet S. , Koh Mickey B. C. , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Chao Nelson J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer is a growing healthcare problem worldwide with significant public health and economic burden to both developed and developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) estimates that globally one in five people will develop cancer in their lifetime. Low- and middle-income countries have been disproportionately affected by the rise of cancer incidence and account for approximately 70% of global cancer deaths. At the same time, substantial innovations in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have improved patient outcomes; global age-standardized cancer death rates showed a 17% decline from 1990 to 2016.
Starting a Palliative Care Program at a Cancer Center
Authors: Shoemaker Laura , McInnes Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPalliative care is now considered an integral component in the provision of comprehensive cancer care services, from diagnosis to treatment to ultimate recovery or death. High-quality evidence in the setting of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies suggests that incorporation of palliative care is associated with higher quality care, greater patient and family satisfaction, improved clinician experience, more appropriate healthcare resource utilization, and better patient outcomes, including survival. Strategic investment, staffing, and support for a palliative care program also makes cancer care patient-centric and cost-effective. This chapter provides pragmatic guidance on setting up a palliative care program within a cancer center and discusses strategies and opportunities for early and late planning, launch of the program and its integration within other cancer services, making it sustainable, monitoring outcomes and quality, and using it as a platform for research.
Cancer Management at Sites with Limited Resources: Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Geara Fady , Mansour Asem , Aljurf Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer burden is increasing worldwide in the current century, and given that its management paradigm is associated with tremendous financial, social, and physiologic complications, it is imperative that nations prepare themselves for a comprehensive management program. The developed countries are barely able to cope up with the exponential increase in the cancer-related services, and the current situation in developing countries, that is, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is much worse. Here, we present a general guidance for establishment of a comprehensive cancer care program, delineating the current challenges and some suggestions/recommendations to overcome the obstacles in LMICs. We touch upon the major themes related to cancer care which include (1) medical services, data, and infrastructure, (2) human resources issues, (3) quality management and access to care, and (4) the public heath crises with respect to cancer. We hope that this chapter offers practical guidance to the private and public stakeholders to alleviate the current burden of cancer-related suffering.
Building a Comprehensive Cancer Center: Overall Structure
Authors: Grosso Dolores , Aljurf Mahmoud , Gergis Usama 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 9.6 million deaths [1]. The WHO recommends that each nation has a national cancer control program (NCCP) to reduce the incidence of cancer and deaths related to cancer, as well as to improve the quality of life of cancer patients [2]. Comprehensive cancer centers form the backbone of a NCCP and are charged with developing innovative approaches to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment [3]. This is accomplished through basic and clinical research, the provision of patient care, the training of new clinicians and scientists, and community outreach and education. Most comprehensive cancer centers are affiliated with university medical centers, but their cancer care initiatives may involve partnering outside the institution with other comprehensive cancer centers, community leaders, or members of industry [3]. When affiliated with a university medical center, cancer center executives must work in concert with their counterparts at the hospital, patient practice, medical school, and allied health science leaders resulting in an overlapping, often complicated reporting structure. Comprehensive cancer centers and the departments in the center receive funding for their services from various sources, including national and local grants, institutional funds, private donations, and industry [4].
The Inpatient Unit in a Cancer Center
Authors: Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite emergence of effective novel cancer therapies that can be administered outside the hospital setting for various solid tumor and hematologic malignancies, a significant number of patients still require treatment in the inpatient setting, owing to the nature of the treatment, duration, and frequency, or to the level of supportive care required to administer such treatments, among others. Apart from specialized trained physicians and nurses, the number of inpatient team services has expanded significantly to meet the complex needs of patients and their families. We acknowledge that there is no universal model for how an inpatient unit should be built and developed; it depends on financial resources, population density, and societal factors, among others. Here, we describe the main components of an inpatient unit in a cancer center. The ultimate goal must be to provide a safe environment for cancer patients and to facilitate delivery of care in an efficient manner.
Outpatient Care
Authors: Wu Ian Qianhuang , Lim Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng , Koh Liang Piu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractManagement of haematology-oncology patients has historically been largely inpatient-based. With advances in the understanding of disease and improvements in supportive care, patients are increasingly being managed in the outpatient setting. This is especially evident in autologous stem cell transplantation, which is now routinely done as an outpatient procedure at various centres. As clinicians gain more experience in novel therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy, these may potentially be administered in the outpatient setting in the near future with the adoption of a risk-stratified approach. Such a paradigm shift in the practice of haematology-oncology is inevitable and has been driven by several factors, including pressure from the institution/hospital to avoid unnecessary hospital admissions and for optimal use of inpatient resources to be more cost-effective and efficient. With favourable local regulations and funding, outpatient cancer care can be economically beneficial. The success of an outpatient cancer center is heavily dependent on planning the facility to be equipped with the appropriate infrastructure, together with the trained medical and supportive personnel in place. This, coupled with the utilization of emerging technology such as telemedicine, has the potential to revolutionize cancer care delivery in the outpatient setting.
Oncology Nursing Care
Authors: Frith Jennifer , Chao Nelson J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the recommendations in developing oncology nursing care for a comprehensive medical center. Nursing orientation, continuing education, and competencies are required for the oncology nurse to remain successful in care delivery. Nurse–patient ratios should be benchmarked with other competitive centers, acuity taken into consideration, and various workflows depending on the clinical settings. Nurses play an instrumental role in delivering oncology care, from preventative screening, throughout the continuum, and into end-of-life care.
Pharmacy Requirements for a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Chew Lita , Thum Miko Chui Mei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA pharmacy in a comprehensive cancer center needs to be cognizant of new and emerging models of care that are integrated and patient-centered, attentive to cutting edge research, cancer treatment and different approaches to managing the entire spectrum of oncological care. Hence, the focus of pharmacy services should be on care deliverance that is timely and convenient, affordable and financially sustainable to fulfill quality assured pharmaceutical needs.The prerequisites to transformation from a brick-and-mortar pharmacy model to a progressive pharmacy is guided by the perspectives of investing in (1) human capital to retain and attract the best, (2) place to build a future-ready facility, (3) process to create greater value for patients by producing safe and quality products. The authors share their experience along these perspectives: a focus on staff development, training and well-being; a facility leveraging on automation, good manufacturing practice, and business continuity planning; processes to support medication use and new models of care.Technological disrupters such as the internet, social media, and AI are also changing the fabric of society. While future events may not take same form, they will require a deliberate effort from organization to navigate effectively and with agility. This chapter will also address the key considerations for a sustainable pharmacy in terms of self, environment and financial sustainability.