bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study to assess acute malnutrition among under-5 children in the field practise area of a teaching hospital in Chennai
Authors: Naresh Sulekha , Maiya G. Rakesh 
Published: January 2021

Context:
Malnutrition is one of the leading problem mainly in childhood, affecting growth and development especially under 5 years of age. According to NFHS-4, under-5 children about 27% are stunted, 20% are wasted and 24% are underweight. Determining acute malnutrition (wasting) and its factors is necessary to prevent complications.

Aims:
To assess acute malnutrition among under 5 years children and determine associated factors responsible.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional study done at field practice area under a teaching hospital in Chennai.

Materials and Methods:
Totally, 149 children under 5 years of age were selected and assessed for acute malnutrition using WHO standards (Z-scoring) by calculating weight for height. Questionnaire for checking associated factors was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were entered in excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and for inferential statistical analysis was done using Chi square test.

Result:
Among the study population, 87.2% children were normal, 10% of children had wasting (below -2 S.D.) and 2.8% of children had severe wasting (below -3 S.D.). Wasting was also prevalent among people of low socioeconomic class and was maximum in children of age group 1-3 years. Low birth weight, absence of exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding practices, partial immunization and other illnesses also had effect, leading to acute malnutrition.

Conclusion:
Level of acute malnutrition in the field practice area is lesser than the national average and determines few factors associated with malnutrition among under – 5 children.
A study on smartphone addiction and its effects on sleep quality among nursing students in a municipality town of West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Trishan , Sarkar Deblina , Sarkar Kingsuk , Dalai Chanchal Kumar , Ghosal Arnab 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Smartphones are now an important gadget for us, but the many are getting addicted to it. Researchers showed that smartphone addiction and late-night usage affects sleep quality. Indian nurses are already facing a heavy burden of depression and present position of nurses is quite insecure. Very few studies were performed over nursing students and that leads to the selection of this topic for my research.

Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional, observational, and questionnaire-based study, performed over B.Sc. Nursing students of University College of Nursing, WBUHS. The questionnaire has three parts. The first part was for sociodemographic variables, the second part measures the addictive phenomena associated with smartphone overuse using a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the last part was intended to measure the sleep quality by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Collected data was compiled and analyzed with the help of MS-Excel from Microsoft Office Package-2016.

Results:
Out of 91 students, 46 students were found to be not addicted, while 45 were addicted to smartphone, as measured by SAS. On PSQI, 17.58% students were found to be good sleepers, while 82.42% came out to be poor sleepers. Significant association was found between age and smartphone addiction (p=0.000031) and between daily calls and sleep quality (p=0.025333).

Conclusion:
It can be finally concluded that increase in smartphone usage is now a serious matter of concern and lower age groups are more susceptible towards it. Broad-spectrum studies involving multiple institutions is needed to reveal the bigger picture
Clinical spectrum and outcome of patients visiting coronavirus screening centre in North India and clinical predictors for COVID-19
Authors: Singla Neeraj , Gowda Rudresh , Mohindra Ritin , Suri Vikas , Dhibar Deba Prasad , Sharma Navneet 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to elucidate the demographics, symptoms and outcome of sick persons visiting coronavirus (COVID) screening OPD of a tertiary institute in North India.

Study Design:
The present descriptive, prospective study was done on 1030 patients and information about presenting symptoms, demographics (age, sex, nationality, residence), contact and travel history, comorbidities etc., were recorded. On the basis of criteria given by Indian Council of Medical Research, patients were divided into suspected (SARS-CoV-2) and non-suspected group. Of the suspected patients, with RT-PCR test positive were classified as confirmed COVID-19 case and negative RT-PCR symptomatic individual were defined as negative COVID-19 case.

Results:
Out of the total patients, 65.6% were male and 34.4% were females. The mean age was 37.04 years. Fever 49.3%, cough 57.1% and sore throat 43.5% were the main symptoms. Comorbidities were seen in 8.5% patients with hypertension (3.5%) and diabetes mellitus (3.4%). Forty patients were positive. Highly significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between COVID-19 positive status and in patients without any symptoms, between COVID-19 and cough and sore throat, between COVID-19 and comorbidity (diabetes mellitus), between COVID-19 and high-risk exposures (resident of hot spot and history of contact with confirmed case). Our study also found COVID-19 positive status, shortness of breath and tachycardia as independent predictors of mortality (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Most of the patients were young adults and males were mainly affected. Main presentation was cough followed by fever. Infectivity was higher in patients who had underlying comorbid diseases, especially diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Critical patients with decreased oxygen saturation, tachypnoea and tachycardia had strong predictability for COVID-19 positivity. COVID-19 positive status, shortness of breath and tachycardia are important predictors of mortality.
A clinical comparative study using anchorage from mini-implants and conventional anchorage methods to retract anterior teeth
Authors: Malhotra Abhita , Mangla Rajat , Dua Vinay S. , Kannan Sridhar , Arora Nitin , Singh Ashish Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Proclined teeth has been one of the main reasons for compromised esthetics. In a patient with proclined anteriors, retraction is done after 1st premolar extraction. Absolute/maximum anchorage is required to achieve the best esthetics.

Objective:
We conducted this study with the aim of retracting the proclined maxillary anterior teeth and to check for efficient retraction, type of tooth movement during retraction, and amount of anchorage loss.

Methods:
Patients with proclined anterior teeth where therapeutic extraction of first premolars is required were included in the study, where anchorage was taken with mini-implants in one group, and in the second group, conventional anchorage method of 1st and 2nd molar banding with TPA was chosen. Each group consisted of 8 subjects. Lateral cephalogram was taken both preretraction and 4 months after starting retraction to compare anchor loss, rate of retraction, and type of tooth movement of retracted anteriors, in both groups.

Results:
The retraction in the implant group was more than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anchorage loss was seen to be greater in conventional group than in the implant group and was also significant statistically. The type of tooth movement of the anterior teeth on retraction was also compared, with the implant group showing predominantly controlled tipping and the conventional group showing uncontrolled tipping movement.
Hepatocurative potentials of methanol extracts/fractions of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Moringa oleifera on carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Ihegboro G.O. , Alhassan A.J. , Afor E. , Ononamadu C.J. , Owolarafe T.A. , Imam A.A. , Salawu K. , Ibrahim A. , Sule M.S. 
Published: January 2021

Bioaccumulation of toxic substances in liver poses a serious threat to its functionality and consequently leads to damage/injury. Medicinal plants have been reported to be effective in the treatment and management of various diseases. The present study is aimed at evaluating the hepatocurative potentials of Tapinanthus bangwensis and Moringa oleifera on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry were respectively used to assay for mineral elements and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts/fractions of T. bangwensis and M. oleifera. Concentrations of potassium in methanol extract of M. oleifera (MeCE 2) and magnesium in T. bangwensis (MeCE 1) were found to be significantly high (p < 0.05). Concentrations of trace elements were low in the range of 0.07 mg/kg to 0.60 mg/kg. The in vitro lipid peroxidation assay showed that ethylacetate fraction and acetone fraction of T. bangwensis (ETF 1 and ACF 1) respectively exhibited the strongest and lowest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts/fractions. Oral administration of methanol extracts/fractions of T. bangwensis and M. oleifera significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, increased glutathione (GSH) level and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The liver function indices (or liver biomarkers) such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, total and conjugated bilirubin and lipid parameters (low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), cholesterol and triglyceride) were also significantly reduced. However high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) increased in the groups induced and treated with methanol extracts/fractions of T. bangwensis and M. oleifera compared to the group induced but untreated. It can be concluded that the plants possessed hepatocurative potential against CCl - 4 induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Hepatotoxicity, Liver biomarkers, Moringa oleifera Tapinanthus bangwensis
Comparison of performance characteristics of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in detecting malaria infection among febrile patients in Urban Area of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odeniyi O.M. , Agomo C.O. , Okangba C.C. , Olaniyan K.O. , Oyibo W.A. 
Published: January 2021

Antigen-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) play an important role in confirmation of malaria cases in all levels of healthcare in Nigeria because they are fast, easy to perform, and do not require special equipment or electricity. This study aimed at assessing the performance of two mRDTs in detecting histidine-rich protein 2 antigen in blood and urine of persons with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Malaria parasite microscopy was the malaria diagnosis gold standard in this study. Matched blood and urine samples from 1,026 febrile persons were tested with two commercially available malaria antigen-detecting kits (SD Bioline and First Response® ). Based on blood samples, similar malaria positivity rates were obtained by microscopy 181 (17.6%), SD Bioline 186 (18.1%) and First Response® 183 (17.8%). Detection of HRP2 antigens in urine was significantly lower than HRP2 detection in blood (P<0.001) regardless of brand of mRDT used [SD Bioline (5.2% vs 18.1%) and First Response® (4.6% vs 17.8%)]. The performance characteristics of SD Bioline and First Response® using blood samples were similar (P>0.05): sensitivity 96.7% vs 95.0%; specificity 98.7% vs 98.7%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 92.5% vs 94% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 99.3% vs 86.4%. SD Bioline and First Response® HRP2 in urine and blood by the two kits was not dependent on the level of parasitaemia. The performance of the two brands of mRDTs in detecting HRP2 in whole blood and urine were similar (P>0.05). The two kits serve as good alternatives to malaria microscopy. The high NPV of both kits with urine specimen indicates that urine has the potential to be used for malaria but is not currently recommended to be used on blood-based malaria test kits.
Keywords: Histidine Rich Protein® 2, Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test, Performance characteristics, Urine.
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Adansonia digitata stem bark extract on some clinical isolates
Authors: Ajiboye A.E. , Sadiq S.O. , Adedayo M.R. 
Published: January 2021

Adansonia digitata is a massive and deciduous tree with a height of about 24 m and of significant economic importance. The antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of stem bark of the plant were determined on some clinical isolates. The stem bark of the plant was collected and washed o properly before drying at 28 C. The pulverised stem bark was extracted with water and ethyl-acetate and screened for phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) using standard methods. The clinical isolates used were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were carried out using the agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were carried out using standard methods. The aqueous extract exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (14.00 ± 0.57 mm) at a concentration of 200 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.33 mm was observed for E. coli using ethylacetate extract. Candida albicans had a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.88 mm and 11.00±0.57 mm using aqueous and ethyl-acetate extracts respectively at 200 mg/ml. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The qualitative ethyl-acetate phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids. Phenol had the highest concentration of 2.02±0.25 mg/ml while terpenoids had a value of 1.38±0.02 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of A. digitata possess significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. However, K. pneumoniae showed resistance to ethyl acetate extract.
Key words: Adansonia digitata, Antimicrobial activity, Clinical isolates, Phytochemical screening
Adsorption of Fe , Pb , Zn and Cr ions from aqueous solutions using natural, ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide modified Kaolinite clay
Authors: Lawal J.A , Odebunmi E.O. , Adekola F.A. 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, Fe2+ , Pb2+ , Zn2+ and Cr6+ ions removal from contaminated water with natural Nigerian kaolinite clay (AK-clay), and that removed with kaolinite clay modified with either ammonium oxalate (AK-AO) or sodium hydroxide (AK-S) were presented. The clay was characterized using X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunanuer-EmmettTeller (BET) method. The parameters investigated include pH, adsorbent particle size, shaking speed, metal ion concentration and temperature. The optimum conditions were applied to the modified samples. Design-expert software was used to design the experimental conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The mineralogical characterization showed the purified 63 µm fraction of the clay as kaolin. Analysis of Variance shows the adsorption of the metal ions was statistically significant with p-valves > 0.0001 at 95 % confidence limit. Pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to fit the adsorption data for all the metal ions. The adsorption of Fe2+ , Pb2+ and Cr6+ ions was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, while Freundlich isotherm model best fitted the adsorption data for Zn2+ ion. Thermodynamic analysis of adsorption data shows the metal ions adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and accompanied by positive entropy change. Compared to unmodified natural clay, AK-S clay increased adsorption capacity for Fe2+ , Pb2+ , Zn 2+ and Cr 6+ ions from 14.1 to 18.425 mg/g, 18.4 to 19.8 mg/g, 16.875 to 19.9 mg/g and 7.65 to 8.15 mg/g respectively. The AK2+ AO2+ clay increased the uptake of Fe ion from 14.1 to 17.35 mg/g with a slight increase for Zn ion (16.875 to 16.95 mg/g). The adsorption capacity of AK-clay for all the metal ions was enhanced by NaOH modification 2+ while the ammonium oxalate modification significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity only for Fe ion. The results show that NaOH and ammonium oxalate modified kaolinite clay are effective for remediation of heavy metal-laden wastewater.
Keywords: Kaolinite, metal ions, adsorption, kinetics, adsorption isotherm
Growth model for collaboration networks
Authors: MELEU Ghislain Romaric , MELATAGIA YONTA Paulin 
Published: January 2021

We propose a model of growing networks based on cliques formations. A clique is used to illustrate for example co-authorship in co-publication networks, co-occurence of words or collaboration between actors of the same movie. Our model is iterative and at each step, a clique of λη existing vertices and (1 − λ)η new vertices is created and added in the network; η is the mean number of vertices per clique and λ is the proportion of old vertices per clique. The old vertices are selected according to preferential attachment. We show that the degree distribution of the generated networks follows the Power Law of parameter 1 + 1/ λ and thus they are ultra small-world networks with high clustering coefﬁcient and low density. Moreover, the networks generated by the proposed model match with some real co-publication networks such as CARI, EGC and HepTh.
Nous proposons un modèle de croissance de graphe basé sur la formation de clique. Une clique peut par exemple illustrer la collaboration entre auteurs dans un réseau de co-publication, les relations de co-occurrence des mots dans une phrase ou les relations entre acteurs d'un film. C'est un modèle itératif qui à chaque étape crée une clique de λη anciens sommets et (1 − λ)η nouveaux sommets et l'insère dans le graphe. η est le nombre moyen de sommets dans une clique et λ la proportion moyenne d'anciens sommets dans une clique. La distribution des degrés des réseaux générés suit la Loi de Puissance de paramètre 1 + 1/λ et par conséquent ce sont des réseaux petit-mondes qui présentent un coefficient de clustering élevé et une faible densité. En outre, les réseaux générés par le modèle proposé reproduisent la structure des réseaux de terrains à l'instar des réseaux de co-publication du CARI, de EGC et de HepTh.
Social network ordering based on communities to reduce cache misses
Authors: Messi Nguélé Thomas , Tchuente Maurice , Méhaut Jean-François 
Published: January 2021

Last version asked for publication 10th may; finally accepted in 6th April 2017; Accepted after minor changes in 17th October 2016,
ABSTRACT. One of social graph's properties is the community structure, that is, subsets where nodes belonging to the same subset have a higher link density between themselves and a low link density with nodes belonging to external subsets. Futhermore, most social network mining algorithms comprise a local exploration of the underlying graph, which consists in referencing nodes in the neighborhood of a particular node. The idea of this paper is to use the community structure during the storage of large graphs that arise in social network mining. The goal is to reduce cache misses and consequently, execution time. After formalizing the problem of social network ordering as a problem of optimal linear arrangement which is known as NP-Complet, we propose NumBaCo, a heuristic based on the community structure. We present for Katz score and Pagerank, simulations that compare classic data structures Bloc and Yale to their corresponding versions that use NumBaCo. Results on a 32 cores NUMA machine using amazon, dblp and web-google datasets show that NumBaCo allows to reduce from 62% to 80% of cache misses and from 15% to 50% of execution time.
L'une des propriétés des graphes sociaux est leur structure en communautés, c'est-à-dire en sous-ensembles où les noeuds ont une forte densité de liens entre eux et une faible den-sité de liens avec l'extérieur. Par ailleurs, la plupart des algorithmes de fouille des réseaux sociaux comportent une exploration locale du graphe sous-jacent, ce qui amène à partir d'un noeud, à faire référence aux noeuds situés dans son voisinage. L'idée de cet article est d'exploiter la structure en communautés lors du stockage des grands graphes qui surviennent dans la fouille des réseaux so-ciaux. L'objectif est de réduire le nombre de défauts de cache avec pour conséquence l'amélioration du temps d'exécution. Après avoir formalisé le problème de numérotation des noeuds des réseaux sociaux comme un problème d'arrangement linéaire optimal qui est connu comme NP-Complet, nous proposons NumBaCo, une heuristique basée sur la struture en communautés. Nous présentons pour le score de Katz et Pagerank, des simulations comparant les structures de données classiques Bloc et Yale à leurs versions exploitant NumBaCo. Les résultats obtenus sur une machine NUMA de 32 coeurs à partir des jeux de données amazon, dblp et web-google montrent que NumBaCo contribue à diminuer les défauts de cache de 62% à 80% et le temps d'exécution de 15% à 50%.
Complexity of Opacity algorithm in data-centric workflow system
Authors: Diouf Mohamadou Lamine , Pinchinat Sophie 
Published: January 2021

A property (of an object) is opaque to an observer when he or she cannot deduce the property from its set of observations. If each observer is attached to a given set of properties (the so-called secrets), then the system is said to be opaque if each secret is opaque to the corresponding observer. We study in this paper, the complexity of opacity algorithm in data-centric workflows systems. We show that the complexity of this algorithm is EXPTIME-complete. Using the reduction problem, whe show that we can reduce the complexity of opacity problem to wellknow problem, the intersection of nonemptyness problem of Tree automata in polynomial time.
Une propriété d'un objet est dit opaque pour un observateur si celui-ci ne peut déduire que la propriété est satisfaite sur la base de l'observation qu'il a de cet objet. Supposons qu'un certain de nombre de propriétés (appelées secrets) soient attachées à chaque intervenant d'un système, nous dirons alors que le systéme lui-même est opaque si chaque secret d'un observateur lui est opaque: il ne peut percer aucun des secrets qui lui ont été attachés. Dans ce papier, on se propose d'étudier la complexité du problème de l'opacité des artefacts d'un système à flots de tâches(système workflow). Nous présentons une formalisation optimale du prob-lème de l'opacité dans ces systèmes workflows. Nous étudions ensuite la complexité de l'algorithme de l'opacité pour ces systèmes.
UU polynomial matrix decomposition applying in 802.11ac beamforming
Authors: Mbaye Moustapha , Diallo Moussa , Gueye Bamba 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a MIMO-OFDM " Beamforming " approach in a IEEE 802.11ac context. This technique of " Beamforming " has the same performance as the conventional technique while allowing to perform the precoding and postcoding at one time and whatever the number of OFDM subcarriers.
Dans ce papier nous présentons une nouvelle approche de " Beamforming " en MIMO OFDM dans un contexte IEEE 802.11ac. La nouvelle technique de " Beamforming " présente les mêmes performances que la technique conventionnelle tout en permettant de réaliser le pré-codage et le post-codage en une seule fois et ce quelque soit le nombre de sous-porteuses OFDM.