bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Antibiotic Rifampicin against Gram‐Negative Bacterial Infection In Vivo
Authors: Wu Shuang , Huang Yi , Yan Jiachang , Li Yuzhen , Wang Jinfeng , Yang Yi Yan , Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of conventional antibiotics therapeutics has declined rapidly due to the emerged antibiotic resistance. There is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to address the problem of antibiotic shortage, particularly for Gram‐negative bacteria. Herein, a biomimetic nanodelivery system is proposed to enhance the bacterial targeting and uptake of rifampicin (Rif), a traditional antibiotic but not effective against Gram‐negative bacteria. The biomimetic nanodelivery system (Rif@MSN@OMV) is composed of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) isolated from E. coli as shell and rifampicin‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as core. The OMVs greatly improve the uptake of MSNs in E. coli, but not in Gram‐positive bacteria S. aureus, owing to the homotypic targeting function of the OMVs. The Rif@MSN@OMV exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity against E. coli and completely eradicates bacteria at an equivalent rifampicin concentration (4 µg mL−1) while free rifampicin shows weak bactericidal activity. Meanwhile, the Rif@MSN@OMV maintains good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the Rif@MSN@OMV elevates survival rate of infected mice and reduces bacterial load in intraperitoneal fluid and organs. Overall, the OMVs‐coated nanodelivery system provides a novel strategy to improve the antimicrobial efficacy of conventional antibiotic or repurpose drugs for treatment of Gram‐negative bacterial infections.
3D Printing of Implants Composed of Nanjing Tamasudare‐Inspired Flexible Shape Transformers
Authors: Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Hiendlmeier Lukas , Terkan Korkut , Zips Sabine , Grob Leroy , Zurita Francisco , Rinklin Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMinimizing damage during the insertion of stents or other medical devices is critical for rapid and successful recovery. Since the delivery passages are often narrower than the size of the delivered object, a high deformability of the implanted devices is paramount to achieve a smooth insertion into the target tissue. In this study, a novel design of 3D‐printable and highly deformable structures inspired by Nanjing Tamasudare is proposed. These structures rapidly change dimensionality from flat to linear, elongated shapes. A series of single units that each comprises two interconnected rods and attaching loops are directly 3D‐printed without classical assembly or fabrication. Multiple units are connected together but remain individually movable and deformable. The smooth changes of the unit assembly, including shifting, bending, and inclination, allow to transform the structure from an initially condensed state to various types of target shapes. To verify the transformation capabilities, smooth insertion of the 3D‐printed structure in a mock‐up vessel through a small opening in an elongated state is demonstrated. After insertion, the units are reassembled to a stent‐like structure within the vessel. The authors believe that this 3D‐printable and highly transformable design is widely applicable for insertion operations of implantable devices or electronics.
Tuning the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Porous Electrodes for Architecting 3D Microsupercapacitors with Batteries‐Level Energy
Authors: Li Congming , Li Xiangming , Yang Qingzhen , Sun Pengcheng , Wu Lifeng , Nie Bangbang , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Yingche , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrosupercapacitors (MSCs) are vital power sources for internet of things (IoTs) and miniaturized electronics. The performance of MSCs is often restricted by its low areal energy density, which is due to the low areal mass loading of active materials. Constructing thick planar microelectrode with fine structure and high aspect ratio is an efficient way to increase mass loading, but limited by the breakable nature of porous electrode materials. Here, it is found that the mechanical and electrical properties of porous electrodes, as well as their surface area utilization and internal ion diffusion pathway, can be synergistically tuned by infilling gel electrolyte into internal pores of porous electrode films. The tuned thick porous electrode films are robust enough to enable laser ablation of three dimensional (3D) microelectrodes for high mass loading and high aspect ratio. The areal capacitance of 3D microelectrodes is able to increase linearly with mass loading (or thickness) up to at least 13 mg cm−2 (or 260 µm) for a value of up to 4640 mF cm−2 based on active carbon. The 3D MSCs deliver areal energy density of 1318 μWh cm−2, which is comparable to the best of Li‐ion 3D microbatteries while exhibiting superior electrochemical and mechanical stability.
Corotating twin‐screw extrusion of poly(lactic acid)PLA/poly(butylene succinate)PBS/ micro‐lamellar talc blends for extrusion blow molding of biobased bottles for alcoholic beverages
Authors: Aversa Clizia , Barletta Massimiliano , Gisario Annamaria , Pizzi Elisa , Prati Rosa , Vesco Silvia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtrusion blow molding is a well‐established technology for the manufacture of fossil‐based plastic bottles. The process is, however, still little used for the manufacture of bottles with a low environmental footprint, especially those based on bioplastic from renewable sources. In this context, the objective of this work is precisely the study and experimental design of poly(lactic acid) PLA/poly(butylene succinate) PBS/micro‐lamellar talc compounds for the manufacturing of bioplastic bottles, basically for wine packaging. In particular, the design was carried out to ensure, primarily, an adequate processability of the bioplastic material in the blowing process. Second, the compound was loaded with different micro‐lamellar talc content so as to achieve protection from the environmental factors, which is of paramount importance to ensure a long shelf‐life to wine. The bio‐derived polyester resins are very complex to transform, as they are subject to thermo‐hydrolytic degradation phenomena during the processing of the polymer melt. Processability is further limited in the presence of high micro‐lamellar talc content that increases the melt viscosity, thus making the material even more difficult to shape by extrusion blow molding. The experimental analysis involved the use of a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder for the manufacture of the bioplastic compounds. The compounds were first subjected to thermo‐rheological and physical characterization tests. Second, it was tested in the extrusion blow molding process. The experimental results have shown that blends based on bio‐derived polyester resins can be adequately processed by extrusion blow molding, showing extremely stable rheological behavior both during the extrusion phase of the parison and the subsequent blowing process of the parison itself. These blends have, therefore, an interesting potential to be used as an alternative with a low environmental footprint to oil‐based plastics in the production of wine bottles.
Chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mohammadi Shima , Zandi Milad , Dousti Kataj Parviz , Karimi Zandi Leila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStress is a key factor in the development and progress of diseases. In neurodegenerative conditions, stress management can play an important role in maintaining the quality of life and the capacity to improve. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, cause the motor and cognitive malfunctions that are spontaneously stressful and also can disturb the neural circuits that promote stress responses. The interruption of those circuits leads to aggressive and inappropriate behavior. In addition, stress contributes to illness and may exacerbate symptoms. In this review, we present stress‐activated neural pathways involved in Alzheimer's disease from a clinical and experimental point of view, as well as supportive drugs and therapies.
Inside Dating Relationships Involving Violence End Now: Participants’ perspectives at a 6‐month follow‐up
Authors: Terrazas‐Carrillo Elizabeth , Garcia Ediza , Vásquez Desi , Sabina Chiara , Soto Ivette , Salazar Rebeca , Rodriguez Amanda S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDating Relationships Involving Violence End Now (DRIVEN) is a recently developed programme that is geared to Latino college students. The current study highlights DRIVEN participants’ perceptions of the programme at six months post‐programme. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 49 programme participants. Interviews were coded using conventional qualitative analysis with a team of seven researchers and resulted in three main themes. Psychological factors included group experience (safety, group cohesion and learning from others) and the impact of group leaders (characteristics and skills). Educational factors include learning about dating violence (DV) information and factors (learning about DV, the influence of Latino culture and Latino gender roles) and learning effective communication skills. The last theme of age group factors stressed personal growth such as gaining self‐awareness and learning how to help others. The themes identified by participants parallel several research findings on the aspects of effective programmes. These aspects, grounded within a group format for a culturally specific population, aid in dating violence prevention efforts.
Demography of the Oregon spotted frog along a hydrologically modified river
Authors: Rowe Jennifer C. , Duarte Adam , Pearl Christopher A. , McCreary Brome , Haggerty Patricia K. , Jones John W. , Adams Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAltered flow regimes can contribute to dissociation between life history strategies and environmental conditions, leading to reduced persistence reported for many wildlife populations inhabiting regulated rivers. The Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) is a threatened species occurring in floodplains, ponds, and wetlands in the Pacific Northwest with a core range in Oregon, USA. All life stages of R. pretiosa are reliant on aquatic habitats, and inundation patterns across the phenological timeline can have implications for population success. We conducted capture–mark–recapture (CMR) sampling of adult and subadult R. pretiosa at three sites along the Deschutes River downstream from two dams that regulate flows. We related the seasonal extent of inundated habitat at each site to monthly survival probabilities using a robust design CMR model. We also developed matrix projection models to simulate population dynamics into the future under current river flows. Monthly survival was strongly associated with the extent and variability of inundated habitat, suggesting some within‐season fluctuations at higher water levels could be beneficial. Seasonal survival was lowest in the winter for all three sites, owing to limited water availability and the greater number of months within this season relative to other seasons. Population growth for the two river‐connected sites was most strongly linked to adult survival, whereas population growth at the river‐disconnected site was most strongly tied to survival in juvenile stages. This research identifies population effects of seasonally limited water and highlights conservation potential of enhancing survival of particularly influential life stages.
Future changes in precipitation extremes across China based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Xu Huiwen , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA comparison assessment of model capabilities in simulating precipitation extremes across China was first implemented by using 30 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and using 36 CMIP6 models. The results indicate that the multi‐model median ensembles (MME) of both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models can reasonably reproduce the climate means for the period from 1986 to 2005, and the biases are lower in most CMIP6 models compared to the CMIP5 models, especially over southern China. To provide further comparisons, 14 CMIP6 models are selected and compared with their predecessors in CMIP5. The results show that the CMIP6 models generally exhibit superior skill in simulating the extreme precipitation indices over China. The model spreads for most of the extreme indices in the CMIP6 version are also smaller. Additionally, the MMEs of the two CMIPs outperform individual models. However, some CMIP6 models also exhibit weaker skill levels in simulating some particular indices compared with those in CMIP5, which merits further investigation. The results from seven reanalyses further show large uncertainties for these indices; therefore, care should be taken in comparison with reanalyses. For future changes in precipitation extremes, total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT), maximum 5‐day precipitation (RX5day) and very heavy precipitation days (R20mm) are projected to clearly increase across China over the coming century under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. However, the dry condition index of CDD exhibits a decreasing tendency in the future, which implies that the dry conditions induced by precipitation anomalies will be mitigated. However, large uncertainties are still observed for future changes, which are primarily sourced from inter‐model and scenario variabilities, especially for the projected changes at the end of the 21st century.
Head & neck melanoma: A 22‐year experience of recurrence following sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Echanique Kristen A. , Ghazizadeh Shabnam , Moon Andy , Kwan Kera , Pellionisz Peter A. , Rünger Dennis , Elashoff David , St. John Maie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinicopathologic factors that contribute to regional and distant recurrence in intermediate to high risk head and neck melanoma patients after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).MethodsThis study is a retrospective review from an academic tertiary care center. Patients treated with SLNB for head and neck melanoma from 1997 to 2019 were reviewed and characterized by sentinel lymph node (SLN) status. Clinical variables were examined for the impact on regional and distant recurrence in SLNB‐negative patients using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsOne hundred and fifty four patients were included. Of note, 127 (82.5 %) were men, and the average age was 61.3 years. Median follow‐up was 68.6 weeks. Pathologic review of SLNs found 3.9% positive for metastatic melanoma; 96.1% were negative. Regional recurrence was significantly associated with tumor stage and age on multivariate analysis. A total of 4.5% of patients recurred in a previously labeled negative basin. Scalp subsite accounted for 30.5% of primary tumors and was more likely to yield a positive SLN on univariate analysis (P = .023). Tumor stage and age were significantly associated with distant metastasis on multivariable analysis (P = .026, P < .001 respectively).ConclusionWe report a number of prognostic trends in head and neck melanoma. SLN positivity was found more often in patients with a primary tumor of the scalp. Regional recurrence was significantly associated with age and tumor stage, whereas distant recurrence was significantly associated with tumor staging and scalp subsite. Scalp subsite was associated with an increased risk for nodal metastasis and distant recurrence.Level of evidence3.
Transient wave propagation in a multi‐layered soil with a fluid surface layer: 1D analytical/semi‐analytical solutions
Authors: Shan Zhendong , Jing Liping , Zhang Lei , Xie Zhinan , Ling Daosheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper studies one‐dimensional transient wave propagation in a saturated multi‐layered soil with a fluid surface layer. Based on Biot theory, the eigenfunction expansion method, the transfer matrix method, the state‐space method, and the precise time step integration method are employed to develop analytical/semi‐analytical solutions. For a special case (large dynamic permeability coefficient), we obtain an analytical solution. For a general case (arbitrary dynamic permeability coefficient), due to the influence of the damping term, we develop a semi‐analytical solution that can be used to evaluate sediment with small dynamic permeability coefficients. The newly derived solutions are verified with solutions obtained by the Laplace transformation and numerical inverse Laplace transformation, which are also presented here. The newly derived solutions are presented in series form in the time domain and are straightforward and explicit so that the solutions are easy to implement. Through numerical examples, we analyse the influences of the dynamic fluid permeability coefficients on the transient response of the model, which is important in marine seismic and ocean acoustics applications.
Experimental investigation on flexural performance of semi‐precast reinforced concrete one‐way slab with joint
Authors: Liu Yun‐Lin , Huang Jun‐Qi , Chong Xun , Ye Xian‐Guo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSemi‐precast reinforced concrete (RC) slab, consisting of a precast plank with steel trusses, and a cast in‐situ concrete topping, has attracted more and more attention owing to its low formwork cost and low labor work. In order to investigate the influence of joint on the slab flexural performance and the force transfer mechanism at the joint, eight semi‐precast RC one‐way slabs were fabricated and tested under four‐point bending condition. The investigating parameters included the fundamental design part (i.e., whether designed with joint or steel truss) and geometrical parameter (i.e., slab thickness, steel truss spacing, and lap‐rebar length). The load‐deflection relationships, crack patterns, failure modes, and strain distributions were studied. Meanwhile, two‐dimensional finite element (FE) analysis based on FE software MSC.MARC was conducted to reproduce the test. The results indicated that (1) the steel truss could help to avoid the brittle failure in the semi‐precast RC one‐way slab with joint, and lead to a ductile failure; (2) the steel truss spacing and the lap‐rebar length would influence the load carrying capacity of the semi‐precast RC one‐way slab; and (3) the FE model could well predict the flexural performance of the specimens and could be used for further investigation.
Alfaxalone Successfully Immobilizes Small Indian Mongooses (Urva auropunctata): A Field Report
Authors: Sauvé Caroline C. , Rondenay Yves , Berentsen Are R. , Rivera‐Rodriguez Mel J. , Leighton Patrick A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigated intramuscular administration of alfaxalone (5.3–10.0 mg/kg) as an immobilizing agent in free‐ranging small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) on the island of St. Kitts, West Indies. From 5–11 January 2020, we successfully immobilized 10 of 11 mongooses. Alfaxalone provided rapid onset (median = 3 min) of immobilization. Mean duration of immobilization was 16.8 ± 3 min. Mean recovery time was 5.6 ± 1 min. There was no effect of dose administered on induction, anesthesia, or recovery times at the dose range used. We concluded that alfaxalone represents an effective alternative to dissociative agents for the immobilization of free‐ranging mongooses. Further studies are necessary to quantify alfaxalone effects on mongoose vital rates and blood parameters. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Is bicarbonate directly used as substrate to participate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution
Authors: Wu Yanyou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIf the photosynthetic organisms assimilated only CO2 in the Archean atmosphere, hydroxide ion in the Archean seawater would not increase. If plants would not consume bicarbonate as a direct substrate during photosynthesis, it is difficult to explain the evolution of Earth's environment. To date, it is generally accepted that photosynthetic O2 evolution of plants come from water photolysis. However, it should be debated by evaluating the effect of bicarbonate in photosynthetic O2 evolution, analyzing the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in photosynthetic O2 evolution, and the relationship between thylakoid CA and photosynthetic O2 evolution. In the paper, I propose that bicarbonate is directly used as substrate to participate in photosynthetic O2 evolution. The rationality of bicarbonate photolysis of plants is discussed from the thermodynamics and evolution of Earth's environment. The isotopic evidence that bicarbonate is not the direct substrate of photosynthetic O2 release is reexamined, and the new explanation of bicarbonate photolysis in photosynthetic O2 evolution is proposed.
Early Prevention of Maternal Sexual Abuse
Authors: Gerke Jelena , Dietz Tatjana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChild sexual abuse has been discussed thoroughly; however, marginalized groups of victims such as victims of child sexual abuse in early childhood and victims of maternal sexual abuse have rarely been considered. This essay combines these two relevant perspectives in child protection and aims to pin out future directions in the field of child abuse and specifically maternal sexual abuse and its early prevention. In the course of the 7th Haruv International PhD Workshop on Child Maltreatment at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, in 2019 the topics of maternal sexual abuse and early prevention of child maltreatment in Germany were discussed and intertwined. Problems concerning the specific research of maternal sexual abuse in early childhood and prevention were identified. Both, maternal sexual abuse as well as sexual abuse in early childhood, i.e. before the age of three, are underreported topics. Society still follows a “friendly mother illusion” while recent cases in German media as well as research findings indicate that the mother can be a perpetrator of child sexual abuse. Similarly, sexual abuse in early childhood, namely abuse before the age of three, is existent; although the recognition of it is difficult and young children are, in regards to their age and development especially vulnerable. They need protective adults in their environment, who are aware of sexual abuse in the first years of life. Raising awareness on marginalized or tabooed topics can be a form of prevention. An open dialog in research and practice about the so far marginalized topics of maternal sexual abuse and sexual abuse in early childhood is crucial.
Paintings off the Peg: The Retail Sale of Paintings in Tudor and Early Stuart England
Authors: Tittler Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe scholarly consideration of the marketing of luxury goods like paintings in Renaissance Europe has rightly concentrated on the Italian and Netherlandish experiences, while the discussion of an English retail market for paintings has focused on a later era. This article investigates the retail sale of painting in Tudor and early Stuart times. It asks what sorts of paintings were sold, who sold them, and what sorts of spaces accommodated such sales. Whereas conventional art historical research has concentrated on the production and sale of portraits, the discovery of an early seventeenth-century list of coat of arms painters holding retail shops in London adds additional support to the prominence of arms painting in such retail sales. This article considers the social context underlying the importance of displaying coats of arms and shows that arms painters engaged in the retail sale as well as the production of arms. The article proceeds to examine the varieties of retail spaces in which sales took place and concludes with a consideration of how retail sale of paintings contributed to London's role as a cultural center.