bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of family disintegration on age at menarche
Authors: Toromanović Alma , Tahirović Husref , Centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina Collaborators from pediatric 
Published: May 2021

<p><strong>Objective</strong>. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychosocial factors on the age at menarche of girls in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH). <strong>Subjects and methods</strong>. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2002 to May 2003 in all Cantons of the FBH. The random stratified sample included 19.803 girls aged 9.0 to 17.5 years. Data were collected using the status quo method. Probit analysis was used to estimate median age at menarche and 95% confidence intervals. <strong>Results</strong>. The present study shows that menarche occurred significantly earlier (p&lt;0.05) in girls from dysfunctional families (median: 12.99 years, 95% confidence interval: 12.93-13.05) than in girls who grew up in intact families (median: 13.04 years, 95% confidence interval: 13.01-13.07). Analyzing separately the impact of each of family stressors on age at menarche, we found that menarcheal age was significantly lower in girls from single-mother families, whose parents are divorced, whose one parent is died and where alcoholism in family is present than in girls from intact families. Maturation was found to be earlier in girls from dysfunctional families then in those from intact families after the influence of place of residence and sibship size was eliminated. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. From our research we can conclude that the girls from dysfunctional families reached earlier age at menarche than their peers who grew up in normal families, and that this effect did not disappear after controlling for socioeconomic<br />variables.</p>
Dr. Stanko Sielski (1891–1958): Physician, scientist, humanist
Authors: Tahirović Husref 
Published: May 2021

<p>This work presents the results of research into the life and work of Dr. Stanko Sielski, related to his professional, scientific and humanitarian work. He was born in Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina<br />(BH) in1891, to a family of Polish origins. He attended high school in Travnik and completed his studies of medicine in Vienna in 1919. During the First World War he served on the frontlines with the Austro-Hungarian army. He began his service as a doctor in Konjic, Prozor and Glamoč, and then worked in Varcar Vakuf, Zenica, Travnik, Bihać, Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Tuzla. At that time in BH living conditions were very bad, the level of education of the people insufficient, there were many epidemics of infectious diseases, and the mortality of the population was high. Dr. Stanko Sielski made a significant contribution to treating the sick, preventing various diseases and the health education of the people. In the realm of the history of medicine in BA, he researched the life and work of doctors from previous generations, the work of medical institutions, old medical manuscripts written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, folk beliefs about the origins and treatment of a variety of illnesses, and the role of herbal medicine and amulets in treating the sick. In addition, he undertook research in the fields of archaeology, ethnology and sociology. He published the results of his research in scholarly journals. In the Second World War he saved the lives of many Jewish doctors and their families from persecution in concentration camps, and as a result in 2014 he was posthumously declared “Righteous Among the Nations”. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Dr. Stanko Sielski, alongside his work as a doctor, was also involved in a variety of scientific research and publication work, which contributed to the preservation and a better understanding of the material and spiritual heritage of BH.</p>
El papel del tutor en la enseñanza de la educación a distancia: una revisión sistemática sobre el enfoque de competencias
Authors: Massuga Flavia , Soares Simone , Luis Dias Doliveria Sergio 
Published: May 2021

Considerando las particularidades y la importancia del papel del tutor en la Educación a Distancia, este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las competencias intrínsecas a las funciones de tutoría en esta modalidad de enseñanza. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando la metodología Methodi Ordinatio, en las bases de datos del Portal de Revistas Capes; Scientific Electronic Library Online, ScienceDirect y Scopus, que cubre estudios centrados en el tema en los últimos 10 años. En total, 12 estudios cumplieron los criterios establecidos y fueron evaluados. Los resultados muestran competencias técnicas, gerenciales y sociales asociadas con el papel del tutor. Entre ellos, se destacan las competencias de proporcionar atención individualizada a los estudiantes, de utilizar los sistemas y conocimientos asociados con la tecnología de la información, de proporcionar un entorno en línea acogedor, amigable, confiable y estimulante, de demostrar empatía, de estimular la interacción, de motivar a los estudiantes y proporcionar realimentación. Las dificultades aún son evidentes en relación con las habilidades técnicas y sociales, lo que lleva a la necesidad de una dirección dirigida a su desarrollo y mejora, para que puedan ayudar en el desempeño práctico eficaz y eficiente del tutor.
Considering the particularities and the importance of the tutor's role in the Distance Education (EAD) modality, this study this study aimed to identify the competencies intrinsic to the tutoring functions in EAD. For this, a systematic review was carried out using the Methodi Ordinatio methodology, in the databases of Portal de Periódicos Capes; Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), ScienceDirect and Scopus, covering studies focused on the theme in the last 10 years. In total, 12 studies met the established criteria and were evaluated. The results show technical, managerial and social competencies associated with the role of the tutor. Among them, we highlight the competencies of: providing individualized attention to students, using the systems and knowledge associated with information technology, providing a welcoming, friendly, trusting and stimulating online environment, demonstrating empathy, stimulating interaction, motivating students and providing feedback, which are largely directed to the social perspective. Difficulties are still evident in relation to technical and social competencies, which leads to the need for a direction aimed at their development and improvement, so that they can assist in the effective and efficient practical performance of the tutor.
In-vitro Antacid Properties of Cameroonian Clay (MY41g) and its Potential Use in Anti-ulcer Triple Therapy Regimen Formulated with Eremomastax speciosa Extract
Authors: Emakoua Joseph Fleurie , Mimosette Mesmine Kuissu Teukam , Amang André Perfusion , Essama Mbida Désirée , Ndji Otto Gustave Lebeau , Mezui Christophe , Enonchong Enow-Orock George , Tan Paul Vernyuy 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The antisecretory, antibacterial on Helicobacter, and antacid properties of Eremomastax speciosa (E. speciosa) and MY41g clay respectively, led us to evaluate the potential use of this clay in the anti-ulcer tri-therapy formulated with Eremomastax speciosa.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Biology & Physiology (Animal Physiology Laboratory), Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, between August 2020 and February 2021.
Materials and Methods: In vitro antacid were evaluated by studying: Fordtran's method, and the influence of temperature on the pH values. In vivo activity was studied on chronic gastric ulcers induced by injection of 0.05 ml of acetic acid (30%) into the stomach wall. Rats were treated daily for 10 days after ulcer induction with a combination of E. speciosa and MY41g (ESMY) ; (ESMY 100+250 and 200+250 mg/kg). The model of "unhealed" gastric ulcers was also used: from day 5 to day 18 of experimentation, rats were given ESMY orally concomitantly with indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. Ulcer index, percentage of healing, mucus secretion, gastric acidity, histological, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated.
Results: ESMY showed good neutralizing capacity in vitro in Fordtran’s method. Treatment with ESMY accelerated the spontaneous healing of chronic gastric ulcers (93.82-96.14%). However, administration of indomethacin did not induce significant variations in the percentage of healing (90.73-94.60%). For both ulcer models performed, ulcer healing was accompanied by a significant (P = 0.001) increase in mucus mass at 200/250 mg/kg. ESMY increased antioxidant activity, decreased gastric acidity, lipid peroxidation, and maintained hematological balance.
Conclusion: In addition to its buffering properties, the healing mechanism of ESMY includes reduced gastric acidity, enhanced mucus production, re-epithelialization of gastric mucosa, improvement of hematological and antioxidant status. ESMY can be used in traditional medicine, as a therapeutic regimen against gastric ulcers.
Material Deprivation
Authors: Ivaldi Enrico , Ciacci Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the best‐known definitions of “material deprivation” is provided by Townsend, according to which material deprivation refers to “a state of observable and demonstrable disadvantage in relation to the local community or the wider society or nation to which an individual, family or group belongs. The idea has come to be applied to conditions (that is, physical, environmental, and social status or circumstances) rather than resources and to specific and not only general circumstances, and therefore can be distinguished from the concept of poverty. The former sure enough can't be context free; it applies to specific circumstances and physical, environmental, and social conditions.
Material deprivation is a complex phenomenon, as it concerns multiple aspects of reality and can be measured in different ways. In this paper, our aim is to highlight the most important elements of deprivation, as well as the analytical assumptions (often underlying and overlooked) that constitute the cornerstone of his study.
Elements of Economics of Uncertainty and Time with Recursive Utility
Authors: Aase Knut K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe address how recursive utility affects important results in the theory of economics of uncertainty and time, as compared to the standard model, where the focus is on dynamic models in discrete time. Several puzzles associated with the standard theory are less puzzling with recursive utility, even if this type of preference representation seems close to the standard one at first sight. The basic difference is that recursive utility allows a form of separation of consumption substitution from risk aversion. This also means that the timing of resolution of uncertainty matters. In dynamic models, however, this turns out to be rather crucial steps.
Alternating Minimization Algorithms
Authors: Hunter David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe idea of attacking a difficult minimization problem by framing it as two or more separate simpler problems, then iterating between solving these two problems repeatedly, is called alternating minimization. This article demonstrates the exceptional power of this seemingly uncomplicated idea in several ways. First, it briefly introduces the ubiquitous idea of coordinate descent, along with its many generalizations. Second, it considers perhaps the most successful of all statistical algorithms, the EM algorithms, and shows how they are also special cases of alternating minimization as it was originally defined. Finally, it presents several modern high‐dimensional problems that may all be viewed through the lens of alternating minimization.
Streaming Data and Data Streams
Authors: Kolajo Taiwo , Daramola Olawande , Adebiyi Ayodele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in computer networking, smart cities, smart grid, remote sensing, surveillance, telecommunication, and social media have led to a high volume of streaming data. The amount of data generated for the past two years is more than what has been in the history of the entire human race. This high volume, high‐traffic, and brief life‐span data need online analysis and intelligent processing to uncover useful and exciting information that is contained in them. To expand the existing knowledge in the domain of data science, broad areas on streaming data and data streams, which embrace data stream mining issues, streaming data tools and technologies, streaming data pre‐processing, streaming data algorithms, and strategies for processing data streams, were discussed in this article. The article also recommends the best practices for managing data streams and suggests the way forward.
Increased systemic HSP70B levels in spinal muscular atrophy infants
Authors: Eichelberger Eric J. , Alves Christiano R. R. , Zhang Ren , Petrillo Marco , Cullen Patrick , Farwell Wildon , Hurt Jessica A. , Staropoli John F. , Swoboda Kathryn J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite newly available treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), novel circulating biomarkers are still critically necessary to track SMA progression and therapeutic response. To identify potential biomarkers, we performed whole‐blood RNA sequencing analysis in SMA type 1 subjects under 1 year old and age‐matched healthy controls. Our analysis revealed the Heat Shock Protein Family A Member 7 (HSPA7)/heat shock 70kDa protein 7 (HSP70B) as a novel candidate biomarker to track SMA progression early in life. Changes in circulating HSP70B protein levels were associated with changes in circulating neurofilament levels in SMA newborns and infants. Future studies will determine whether HSP70B levels respond to molecular therapies.
Adaptive prescribed performance control for hydraulic system with disturbance compensation
Authors: Xu Zhangbao , Liu Qingyun , Yao Jianyong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this article, an adaptive prescribed performance controller is developed for hydraulic system with uncertainties. An extraordinary feature is that better prescribed performance control can be achieved by compensating the uncertainties including parameter uncertainties and disturbances. For this reason, the transformation of system output error is realized by a prescribed performance function, which is employed to constrain the boundary of tracking error and convergence rate, then the tracking error of the original system with a priori prescribed performance can be realized by stabilizing the transformed system. Adaptive control is employed to solve the system parametric uncertainties; extended state observers are built to estimate the multiple disturbances. Based on the backstepping method, they are integrated into the design of the novel controller to guarantee prescribed tracking error performance. The stability analysis of the proposed controller is carried out via the Lyapunov theory. Finally, experimental results indicate good performance of the proposed algorithm.
Dose‐Independent Transfection of Hydrophobized Polyplexes
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Qiu Nasha , Wu Shuling , Liu Xin , Zhou Zhuxian , Tang Jianbin , Liu Yanpeng , Zhou Ruhong , Shen Youqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCationic polymers dynamically complex DNA into complexes (polyplexes). So, upon dilution, polyplexes easily dissociate and lose transfection ability, limiting their in vivo systemic gene delivery. Herein, it is found that polyplex's stability and endocytosis pathway determine its transfection dose‐dependence. The polyplexes of hydrophilic polycations have dose‐dependent integrity and lysosome‐trafficking endocytosis; at low doses, most of these polyplexes dissociate, and the remaining few are internalized and trapped in lysosomes, abolishing their transfection ability. In contrast, the polyplexes of the polycations with optimal hydrophobicity remain integrated even at low concentrations and enter cells via macropinocytosis directly into the cytosol evading lysosomes, so each polyplex can accomplish its infection process, leading to dose‐independent DNA transfection like viral vectors. Furthermore, the tuned hydrophobicity balancing the affinity of anionic poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) to the polyplex surface enables γ‐PGA to stick on the polyplex surface as a shielding layer but peel off on the cell membrane to release the naked polyplexes for dose‐independent transfection. These findings may provide guidelines for developing polyplexes that mimick a viral vector's dose‐independent transfection for effective in vivo gene delivery.
Wrapping and Blocking of Influenza A Viruses by Sialylated 2D Nanoplatforms
Authors: Bhatia Sumati , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Block Stephan , Nie Chuanxiong , Burdinski Angelique , Lauster Daniel , Radnik Jörg , Herrmann Andreas , Haag Rainer , Ludwig Kai , Adeli Mohsen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInhibition of respiratory viruses is one of the most urgent topics as underlined by different pandemics in the last two decades. This impels the development of new materials for binding and incapacitation of the viruses. In this work, we have demonstrated that an optimal deployment of influenza A virus (IAV) targeting ligand sialic acid (SA) on a flexible 2D platform enables its binding and wrapping around IAV particles. A series of 2D sialylated platforms consisting graphene and polyglycerol are prepared with different degrees of SA functionalization around 10%, 30%, and 90% named as G‐PG‐SAL, G‐PG‐SAM, and G‐PG‐SAH, respectively. The cryo‐electron tomography (Cryo‐ET) analysis has proved wrapping of IAV particles by G‐PG‐SAM. A confocal‐based colocalization assay established for these materials has offered the comparison of binding potential of sialylated and non‐sialylated nanoplatforms for IAV. With this method, we have estimated the binding potential of the G‐PG‐SAM and G‐PG‐SAH sheets for IAV particles around 50 and 20 times higher than the control sheets, respectively, whereas the low functionalized G‐PG‐SAL have not shown any significant colocalization value. Moreover, optimized G‐PG‐SAM exhibits high potency to block IAV from binding with the MDCK cells.
DNA Assembly‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Systems
Authors: Lu Shasha , Shen Jianlei , Fan Chunhai , Li Qian , Yang Xiurong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive designs with exogenous stimuli enable remote and reversible control of DNA nanostructures, which break many limitations of static nanostructures and inspired development of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Moreover, the introduction of various types of organic molecules, polymers, chemical bonds, and chemical reactions with stimuli‐responsive properties development has greatly expand the application scope of dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Here, DNA assembly‐based stimuli‐responsive systems are reviewed, with the focus on response units and mechanisms that depend on different exogenous stimuli (DNA strand, pH, light, temperature, electricity, metal ions, etc.), and their applications in fields of nanofabrication (DNA architectures, hybrid architectures, nanomachines, and constitutional dynamic networks) and biomedical research (biosensing, bioimaging, therapeutics, and theranostics) are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for DNA assembly‐based stimuli‐responsive systems are overviewed and discussed.
Insights into the Development of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Ren Ningyu , Li Yucheng , Yan Lingling , Mazumdar Sayantan , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PK/c‐Si tandem) have demonstrated high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and demonstrated great application potential in photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the PCE of PK/c‐Si tandem devices is still below the theoretical limit. From a broader perspective, their poor stability and difficulty in large‐area realization are crucial barriers for commercial viability. In this report, the detailed constraints facing high PCE of tandem devices and the corresponding solutions are discussed. The authors propose that the main obstacle comes from the limitation of the perovskite top cell. However, careful understanding of the optical and electrical properties of each functional layer is expected to be the core process to further promote efficiency. Regarding the environmental and intrinsic instability issues, encapsulation is considered to be the most effective method to address environmental instability. Preventing ion migration is one of the fundamental methods to eliminate intrinsic instability. It is believed that low dimensional perovskite materials will become a competitive solution to simultaneously solve these two instabilities. Finally, some suggestions for reducing costs and preparation of PK/c‐Si tandem on a large‐scale are also discussed which provides guidance for further boosting the development of PK/c‐Si tandem.
The role of nonstandard and precarious jobs in the well‐being of disabled workers during workforce reintegration
Authors: Edmonds Amy T. , Sears Jeanne M. , O'Connor Allyson , Peckham Trevor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonstandard employment arrangements are becoming increasingly common and could provide needed flexibility for workers living with disabilities. However, these arrangements may indicate precarious employment, that is, employment characterized by instability, powerlessness, and limited worker rights and benefits. Little is known about the role of nonstandard and precarious jobs in the well‐being of disabled persons during workforce reintegration after permanent impairment from work‐related injuries or illnesses.MethodsWe used linked survey and administrative data for a sample of 442 Washington State workers who recently returned to work and received a workers' compensation permanent partial disability award after permanent impairment from a work‐related injury. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between nonstandard employment and outcomes related to worker well‐being and sustained employment. We also examined associations between a multidimensional measure of precarious employment and these outcomes. Secondarily, qualitative content analysis methods were used to code worker suggestions on how workplaces could support sustained return to work (RTW).ResultsWorkers in: (1) nonstandard jobs (compared with full‐time, permanent jobs), and (2) precarious jobs (compared with less precarious jobs) had higher adjusted odds of low expectations for sustained RTW. Additionally, workers in precarious jobs had higher odds of reporting fair or poor health and unmet need for disability accommodation. Workers in nonstandard and precarious jobs frequently reported wanting safer and adequately staffed workplaces to ensure safety and maintain sustained employment.ConclusionsEnsuring safe, secure employment for disabled workers could play an important role in their well‐being and sustained RTW.