bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling temporal genetic and spatio‐temporal residual effects for high‐throughput phenotyping data*
Authors: Verbyla A. P. , De Faveri J. , Deery D. M. , Rebetzke G. J. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryHigh‐throughput phenomics data are being collected in both the laboratory and the field. The data are often collected at many time points and there may be spatial variation in the laboratory or field that impacts on the growth of the plants, and that may influence the traits of interest. Modelling the genetic effects is of primary interest in such studies, but these effects might be biased if non‐genetic effects present in the experiment are ignored. With data that are collected both in time and space, there may be a need to jointly model these multi‐dimensional non‐genetic effects. Thus both modelling of genetic effects over time and non‐genetic effects over time and space in a one‐stage analysis is considered. An experiment that involves field phenomics data with four dimensions, two in space and two in time, provides the vehicle to examine the models. Factor analytic (FA) models are often used for genetic effects for different environments to provide reliable estimates of genetic variances and correlations. As the time dimension defines the environments, FA models are examined for the phenomics data. Reduced rank tensor smoothing splines are presented as a possible approach for modelling the spatio‐temporal effects, although an additional term is included for heterogeneity over the two time dimensions. This approach is feasible, although very time‐consuming. The process of model selection for the genetic effects is presented including tests, information criteria and diagnostics. Comparisons of more simplistic models are made with the reduced rank tensor spline. This also shows the interplay between the genetic and residual models in model selection.
Extremely low birthweight neonates with phenylketonuria require special dietary management
Authors: Zemanova Marketa , Chrastina Petr , Sebron Vaclav , Prochazkova Dagmar , Jahnova Helena , Sanakova Petra , Prochazkova Lucie , Tesarova Barbara , Zeman Jiri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimExtremely low birthweight (ELBW) neonates require a high protein intake, but this can be challenging in the very rare cases when they also have phenylketonuria (PKU). This is due to a lack of suitable parenteral nutrition or enteral formula. Our aim was to analyse tolerance to phenylalanine in these infants.MaterialThere are approximately 110 000 children born in the Czech Republic each year. A neonatal screening programme from 2005 to 2020 found that 320 neonates had PKU, including 30 premature neonates with a birth weight of less than 2500 g.ResultsThis study focused on three neonates who were born with ELBWs of 720, 740 and 950 g, respectively. Phenylalanine levels normalised in ELBW neonates with PKU within 1 week of the introduction of low‐phenylalanine parenteral or enteral nutrition. The tolerance to phenylalanine was very high (70–110 mg/kg) in the first months of life, due to a rapid weight gain, but significantly decreased during infancy.ConclusionExtremely low birthweight neonates with PKU need special dietary management. Regular assessments of phenylalanine are necessary during the first weeks of life to allow prompt dietary adjustments that reflect rapid weight gain and transitory high tolerance to phenylalanine.
Effects of soybean meal supplementation on ruminal kinetics of feed particle size reduction and passage in dairy cows fed rice straw
Authors: Win Kyaw San , Ueda Koichiro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSix ruminal‐cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM‐supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.
Drivers of CSR anchoring in transition economies: Evidence from Poland
Authors: Doś Anna , Pattarin Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examine the drivers of corporate social responsibility anchoring in Poland, a country that has undergone a profound transition from a command economy to a free market system. We use a fine‐grained theoretical framework to understand the influence of the interactions between regulative, normative, and cultural‐cognitive aspects of institutions with firm organizational factors on the diffusion of corporate social responsibility. We show that, in Poland, companies use their slack resources to adopt corporate social responsibility only when facing strong normative or regulative institutional pressures in their organizational fields. When such pressures are absent, companies prefer value‐enhancing functions of their resources other than investing in corporate social responsibility. We propose a multilevel approach for studying drivers of corporate social responsibility and show how the importance of organizational‐level drivers emerges clearly only if the interactions with institutional‐level features are considered. The main policy implication of our study is that corporate social responsibility may establish in Poland, as well as in other Eastern Europe countries, provided that designed and formalized institutional processes reach relevant organizational fields. Furthermore, we find that, for business managers, employing financial slack for social responsibility projects may be perceived as institutionally legitimate or not depending on the type of institutional pressures prevailing in each organizational field.
Investigating when religious culture increases trade credit: A signaling theory approach
Authors: Li Yaoqin , Zhu Danfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on signaling theory, we propose that religious culture leads suppliers to alter their beliefs about their customers’ trustworthiness. Strong religious cultures are interpreted as a signal of fewer agency problems and less information asymmetry, which helps firms gain more trade credit from suppliers. The empirical tests performed in this study show that firms headquartered in areas with strong religious cultures receive more trade credit than other firms. This positive relation is more prominent when such firms are located in areas with lower levels of social trust. A further analysis reveals that the increasing effect of religious culture on trade credit eases financing constraints. Overall, our findings indicate that religious culture can be a broad indicator of firms’ ethical preferences that influences their access to trade credit by signaling their potential for a high level of trustworthiness.
How phenological tracking shapes species and communities in non‐stationary environments
Authors: Wolkovich E. M. , Donahue Megan J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTClimate change alters the environments of all species. Predicting species responses requires understanding how species track environmental change, and how such tracking shapes communities. Growing empirical evidence suggests that how species track phenologically – how an organism shifts the timing of major biological events in response to the environment – is linked to species performance and community structure. Such research tantalizingly suggests a potential framework to predict the winners and losers of climate change, and the future communities we can expect. But developing this framework requires far greater efforts to ground empirical studies of phenological tracking in relevant ecological theory. Here we review the concept of phenological tracking in empirical studies and through the lens of coexistence theory to show why a community‐level perspective is critical to accurate predictions with climate change. While much current theory for tracking ignores the importance of a multi‐species context, basic community assembly theory predicts that competition will drive variation in tracking and trade‐offs with other traits. We highlight how existing community assembly theory can help understand tracking in stationary and non‐stationary systems. But major advances in predicting the species‐ and community‐level consequences of climate change will require advances in theoretical and empirical studies. We outline a path forward built on greater efforts to integrate priority effects into modern coexistence theory, improved empirical estimates of multivariate environmental change, and clearly defined estimates of phenological tracking and its underlying environmental cues.
Mapping the environmental field: Networks of foundations, ENGOs and think tanks
Authors: Carroll William K. , Graham Nicolas , Shakespear Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn mobilizing funds that selectively support non‐profits, foundations shape the political field. This study maps the funding relationships between foundations, ENGOs and think tanks in Canada and considers the implications for environmental politics. We examine foundation funding for different strains of environmental politics and policy‐planning and consider how ENGOs and think tanks are clustered as communities within a foundation‐centred support network. Of particular interest are ‘clean growth’ ENGOs that have emerged as key proponents of business‐friendly approaches to the climate crisis. We find that the ENGOs receiving large grants tend to be conservationist while the think tanks tend to be conservative. Communities in the network are divided between several clusters of corporate and family foundations supporting conservative think tanks, clean growth ENGOs and conservationist ENGOs, and a segment of the network in which one municipal and several family foundations, support more social‐ecological organizations, thereby facilitating more transformative visions and policies. Although few in number, clean growth organizations tend to receive giant donations, in some cases from corporate foundations aligned with the fossil‐fuel sector. Recent adoption of clean growth as governmental policy and its embrace within philanthropic missions could reshape the environmental field towards ‘clean growth’, as ENGOs seek funding and legitimacy.
Alantolactone is a natural product that potently inhibits YAP1/TAZ through promotion of reactive oxygen species accumulation
Authors: Nakatani Keisuke , Maehama Tomohiko , Nishio Miki , Otani Junji , Yamaguchi Keiko , Fukumoto Miki , Hikasa Hiroki , Hagiwara Shinji , Nishina Hiroshi , Mak Tak Wah , Honma Teruki , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Suzuki Akira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractYes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) and its paralogue PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) play pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and abnormal activation of these TEAD transcriptional coactivators is found in diverse cancers in humans and mice. Targeting YAP1/TAZ signaling is thus a promising therapeutic avenue but, to date, few selective YAP1/TAZ inhibitors have been effective against cancer cells either in vitro or in vivo. We screened chemical libraries for potent YAP1/TAZ inhibitors using a highly sensitive luciferase reporter system to monitor YAP1/TAZ‐TEAD transcriptional activity in cells. Among 29 049 low‐molecular‐weight compounds screened, we obtained nine hits, and the four of these that were the most effective shared a core structure with the natural product alantolactone (ALT). We also tested 16 other structural derivatives of ALT and found that natural ALT was the most efficient at increasing ROS‐induced LATS kinase activities and thus YAP1/TAZ phosphorylation. Phosphorylated YAP1/TAZ proteins were subject to nuclear exclusion and proteosomic degradation such that the growth of ALT‐treated tumor cells was inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show for the first time that ALT can be used to target the ROS‐YAP pathway driving tumor cell growth and so could be a potent anticancer drug.
Optimized Processing of Localized Collisions in Projective Dynamics
Authors: Wang Qisi , Tao Yutian , Brandt Eric , Cutting Court , Sifakis Eftychios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a method for the efficient processing of contact and collision in volumetric elastic models simulated using the Projective Dynamics paradigm. Our approach enables interactive simulation of tetrahedral meshes with more than half a million elements, provided that the model satisfies two fundamental properties: the region of the model's surface that is susceptible to collision events needs to be known in advance, and the simulation degrees of freedom associated with that surface region should be limited to a small fraction (e.g. 5%) of the total simulation nodes. In such scenarios, a partial Cholesky factorization can abstract away the behaviour of the collision‐safe subset of the face model into the Schur Complement matrix with respect to the collision‐prone region. We demonstrate how fast and accurate updates of bilateral penalty‐based collision terms can be incorporated into this representation, and solved with high efficiency on the GPU. We also demonstrate iterating a partial update of the element rotations, akin to a selective application of the local step, specifically on the smaller collision‐prone region without explicitly paying the cost associated with the rest of the simulation mesh. We demonstrate efficient and robust interactive simulation in detailed models from animation and medical applications.
Phylogeny‐based conservation priorities for Australian freshwater fishes
Authors: Tims Amy R. , Alroy John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConservation scientists are increasingly interested in the question of how extinction prunes the tree of life. This question is particularly important for Australian freshwater fishes because there is a broad mix of ∼300 old and young species, many of which are severely threatened. We used a complete species‐level phylogeny of Australian freshwater fishes to examine phylogenetic nonrandomness of extinction risk. We computed the potential loss of phylogenetic diversity by simulating extinction across the tree under a pattern weighted based on International Union for Conservation of Nature extinction risk category and compared this loss to projected diversity loss under a random null model of extinction. Finally, we calculated EDGE (evolutionary distinctiveness, global endangerment) scores for 251 freshwater and 60 brackish species and compiled a list of high‐priority species for conservation actions based on their extinction risk and evolutionary uniqueness. Extinction risk was not random and was clustered in both diversity cradles (recently diversifying, species‐rich clades, such as Galaxiidae and Percichthyidae) and museums (older, species‐poor groups, such as freshwater chondrichthyans). Clustered extinction made little difference to the average expected loss of phylogenetic diversity. However, the upper bound of loss was higher under a selective model of extinction, particularly when the counts of species lost were low. Thus, the loss of highly threatened species would diminish the tree of life more than a null model of randomly distributed extinction. High priority species included both widely recognized and charismatic ones, such as the Queensland lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), river sharks, and freshwater sawfishes, and lesser‐known species that receive less public attention, including the salamanderfish (Lepidogalaxias salamandroides), cave gudgeons, and many galaxiids, rainbowfishes, and pygmy perches.
Properties of a new nitrogen‐free additive as an alternative to urea and its application in reactive printing
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Xian Yongfang , Wang Hongmei , Wu Minghua , Wang Yijia , Yu Deyou , Wang Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of a urea substitute with little nitrogen has become a hot research topic for cleaner production in reactive printing. In the current study, a mixture made from glycerol and 1,4‐butanediol (1:1, w/w), namely, urea substitute glycerol butanediol (USGB), was used instead of urea in the printing paste formulation. USGB’s abilities of moisture adsorption, swelling fibres and solubilisation to reactive dyes were compared with those of urea. The printing properties of USGB on different fabrics with reactive dyes were intensively investigated in comparison with urea and commercial 391‐H. The results showed that USGB’s ability to swell viscose fibres was superior to that of urea. When the dosage of USGB was within 8‐10 wt% in the printing paste, the colour yield of USGB on viscose fabrics drew near to that of urea and was higher than that of 391‐H. During viscose printing of reactive blue dyes with different shades and structures, the colour performance of USGB was close to that of urea and higher than that of 391‐H. Furthermore, USGB could obtain good printing effects in deep printing with Reactive Turquoise K‐GL on different fabrics. Compared with urea, the content of ammonia‐nitrogen and total nitrogen in the printing wastewater using USGB were greatly reduced, which is of huge significance for lowering ammonia‐nitrogen emissions in the printing industry.
IL‐36α and IL‐36γ expressions in the differential diagnosis of palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar eczema: A retrospective histopathologic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Erdem Ozan , Leblebici Cem , Koku Aksu Ayşe Esra , Erdil Duygu , Kara Polat Asude , Gürel Mehmet Salih 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles is often challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. Interleukin (IL)‐36 cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsWe retrospectively re‐evaluated hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained biopsy specimens of 30 patients with clinically diagnosed palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) and 30 patients with palmoplantar eczema (PE), and then performed IL‐36α and IL‐36γ immunohistochemistry.ResultsAmong the histopathologic features, thinning of the rete ridges and vertical alternation of parakeratosis and orthokeratosis had the highest positive predictive value (PPV) in diagnosing PP (72.7% and 69.3%, respectively). Immunohistochemically, patients with PP predominantly showed diffuse or focal strong expression with IL‐36α and IL‐36γ staining in the upper layers of the epidermis (86.7% and 83.3%, respectively). The comparison of the mean IL‐36α and IL‐36γ expression scores significantly differed between PP and PE (P < .001). Among all histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, diffuse strong expression of IL‐36α and IL‐36γ staining had the highest PPVs in favor of a diagnosis of PP (75% and 76.7%, respectively).ConclusionsOur data suggest that IL‐36α and IL‐36γ immunohistochemistry can be used in the differential diagnosis of PP and PE.
Does Fintech Narrow the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Qing , Chen Siyu , Zeng Xiangquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformation and communication technology promotes the rapid development of fintech, which has a far‐reaching impact on wage distribution in China. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey and the Index of Digital Financial Inclusion, this study examines the impact of fintech on the gender wage gap. We find that fintech (i) narrows the gender wage gap; (ii) reduces capital constraints and operating costs, thereby promoting female entrepreneurship, driving more women into employment, and enabling women to increase their wages and bargaining power within the household; and (iii) positively impacts the wages of women (and men) who have lower family economic status, and helps women (but not men) counter the risk of decline in wages caused by childbearing and caring under the two‐child policy. These findings have important policy implications and provide evidence of women's improving economic conditions leading to a reduced gender wage gap.
Comparison of conventional and liquid‐based cytology using The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology
Authors: Goutas Dimitris , Savvidou Kyriaki , Vrettou Klio , Meletis Emmanouel , Levis Panagiotis , Constantinides Constantine , Lazaris Andreas C. , Mikou Panagiota 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study was conducted to compare the conventional cytospin method and ThinPrep liquid‐based urinary cytology in diagnosing bladder cancer using The Paris System (TPS) of classification.MethodsWe retrieved files for 2020, at the Cytopathology Department of Laiko Hospital, of urinary cases diagnosed according to TPS. Cytospin and ThinPrep slides were separately reviewed and new diagnoses were rendered, then compared with the original diagnosis and histology when available. Risk of high‐grade malignancy (ROHM) for each TPS category was assessed, along with accuracy parameters of each method and their combination.ResultsThe study material comprised 100 cases of void urinary cytology classified as 20 high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC = TPS5) cases, 20 of suspicion for HGUC (SHGUC = TPS4), 25 of atypical urothelial cells (AUC = TPS3), and 35 of negative for HGUC (NHGUC = TPS2). A single inadequate (TPS1) case and 4 of low‐grade urothelial neoplasm (TPS6) were excluded as small in number. The ROHM was 95% for HGUC, 55% for SHGUC, 28% for AUC and 5.7% for NHGUC. Agreement with the original diagnosis was 86% for cytospin and 82% for ThinPrep. No significant differences were observed among the two techniques or their combination regarding sensitivity and specificity, with a mild advantage for cytospin. Interobserver reproducibility and repeatability were high.ConclusionNo significant differences were found concerning sensitivity and specificity between cytospin and ThinPrep when applying TPS criteria. TPS is a reliable classification scheme for either conventional/cytospin or liquid‐based cytology, or their combination.