Abstract B23: Insight towards therapeutic susceptibility of KRAS mutant cancers from MRTX1257: A prototype selective inhibitor of KRAS G12C
Authors: Hallin Jill , Aranda Ruth , Baer Brian R. , Briere David M. , Burkhard Michael R. , Calinisan Andrew , Chiang Harrah , Engstrom Lars D. , Fell Jay B. , Fischer John P. , Hargis Lauren , Marx Matthew A. , Olson Pete , Sudhakar Niranjan , Christensen James G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
KRAS G12C is a driver mutation and the most frequent KRAS mutation in lung cancer. The ability to effectively target mutated KRAS has remained elusive despite decades of research. A structure-based drug design discovery program identified mutant-selective, covalent inhibitors of KRAS G12C with low nanomolar cell potency and favorable oral drug properties. MRTX1257 is a research tool compound that demonstrates selective irreversible modification of KRAS G12C and inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 1 nM in a H358 cell-based assay. MRTX1257 was evaluated in 3D ultra-low adherent (ULA) viability assays across a panel of KRAS G12C mutated cancer cell lines in vitro and inhibited the growth of 16 out of 17 KRAS G12C-mutant cell lines tested with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 62 nM. MRTX1257 was inactive in non-KRAS G12C-mutant cell lines. Oral administration of MRTX1257 to mice bearing H358 xenograft tumors demonstrated a dose-dependent modification of KRAS G12C-mutant protein and inhibition of ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation. MRTX1257 also demonstrated dose-dependent KRAS target modification and cytoreductive antitumor efficacy in the KRAS G12C-mutant MIA PaCa-2 xenograft model with durable complete regressions. MRTX1257 was evaluated across an additional large panel of KRAS G12C-mutant subcutaneous cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts and demonstrated broad-spectrum antitumor activity including regressions greater than 30% in 18 out of 23 models tested. A small subset of models, exemplified by the H2122 model, demonstrated rapid initial tumor regression, followed by tumor stasis, suggesting that there may be mechanisms of adaptive tolerance to MRTX1257 treatment. Consistent with drug tolerance kinetics, MAP kinase pathway reactivation was observed as evidenced by downregulation of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) and rebound of pERK and pS6 signaling during continuous treatment. To further elucidate mechanisms of drug tolerance and to identify combination strategies that could address feedback signaling, we tested MRTX1257 together with ~70 rationally selected compounds across a panel of genetically characterized cell lines. Combination treatment with a pan-EGFR family inhibitor more fully inhibited downstream signaling in vitro and led to increased antitumor activity in some models in vivo. A subset of KRAS G12C mutation-positive tumors may exhibit heterogenous molecular characteristics and mechanisms of reactivating KRAS dependent signaling, which is susceptible to combinatorial treatment strategies. Together, these data indicate the therapeutic susceptibility and broad dependence of KRAS G12C mutation-positive tumors on KRAS for tumor cell growth and survival and support the feasibility of developing mutant-selective small molecules.
Citation Format: Jill Hallin, Ruth Aranda, Brian R. Baer, David M. Briere, Michael R. Burkhard, Andrew Calinisan, Harrah Chiang, Lars D. Engstrom, Jay B. Fell, John P. Fischer, Lauren Hargis, Matthew A. Marx, Pete Olson, Niranjan Sudhakar, James G. Christensen. Insight towards therapeutic susceptibility of KRAS mutant cancers from MRTX1257: A prototype selective inhibitor of KRAS G12C [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B23.