bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reporting rates of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and their human papillomavirus testing and histologic follow‐up results: A comparison between ThinPrep and SurePath preparations
Authors: Sinclair William David , Gibbons‐Fideler I‐sanna , Shen Rulong , Li Zaibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiquid‐based cytology (LBC) tests SurePath (SP) and ThinPrep (TP) have largely replaced conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for cervical cytology screening due to higher sensitivity. However, comparison between SP and TP test sensitivity and efficacy in detecting squamous abnormalities is lacking. Our study aims to compare high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) reporting rates, human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity rates, and histologic outcome between these two LBC methods.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective search of the period between January 2014 and June 2017, when both TP and SP were utilized at our institution, to identify HSIL cases and collect the HPV testing and histologic follow‐up results for those cases.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐five HSILs were identified from the 15 382 TP specimens (0.81%) and 93 HSILs were identified from the 25 105 SP specimens (0.37%), a statistically significant difference (P < .0001). The corresponding HPV positivity rates were 95.6% and 89.7% in TP‐HSILs and SP‐HSILs, respectively, a statistically non‐significant difference. Histologic follow‐up showed HSILs or carcinomas were identified in 78% (49/63) of TP‐HSILs and 79% (45/57) of SP‐HSILs, with no statistically significant difference.ConclusionTP demonstrated a higher HSIL detection rate than SP with no significant difference in follow‐up HPV or histologic results.
Associations of adverse childhood experiences with stress physiology and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity
Authors: Jimenez Virginia , Sanchez Natalia , Clark Emma L. M. , Miller Reagan L. , Casamassima Milena , Verros Megan , Conte Isabella , Ruiz‐Jaquez Metztli , Gulley Lauren D. , Johnson Sarah A. , Melby Christopher , Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G. , Shomaker Lauren B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) heighten the risk for adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease, but physiological factors underlying this connection are not well understood. We determined if ACEs were associated with physiological stress response and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Participants were 90 adolescents 12.0–17.5 years (50% female, 30% Hispanic/Latinx), at risk for adult obesity by virtue of above‐average body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ≥ 70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). ACEs were determined as presence (vs. absence) based upon the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Aged Children. Physiological stress response was measured as heart rate/blood pressure response to the Trier Social Stress Test. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting glucose/insulin. Sixty‐one percent of adolescents reported positive ACE history. The presence of ACEs predicted greater heart rate (p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .02) response to stress, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, and BMI standard score. Systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance did not differ by ACE history (p‐values > .08). Findings suggest heightened sympathetic stress response in adolescence could be explanatory in how ACEs increase the risk for later cardiometabolic disease. Future studies should characterize ACEs in relationship to day‐to‐day variations in adolescents’ stress physiology and glucose homeostasis.
Detection of γ‐hydroxybutyric acid‐related acids in blood plasma and urine: Extending the detection window of an exogenous γ‐hydroxybutyric acid intake?
Authors: Küting Theresa , Schneider Bianca , Heidbreder Anna , Krämer Michael , Jarsiah Pouria , Madea Burkhard , Hess Cornelius 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn crimes facilitated by γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) administration, the frequent occurrence of anterograde amnesia of the victims as well as the short detection window and variations of endogenous GHB concentrations complicate obtaining analytical proof of GHB administration. Because elevated endogenous organic acid concentrations have been found in the urine of patients with succinic semialdehyde deficiency (leading to accumulation of GHB in human specimens) and after GHB ingestion, we searched for an alternative way to prove GHB administration via detection of elevated organic acid concentrations in blood plasma and urine. We collected blood and urine samples from narcolepsy patients (n = 5) treated with pharmaceuticals containing GHB sodium salt (1.86–3.72 g GHB as free acid per dose). Although GHB was detectable only up to 4 h in concentrations greater than the commonly used cutoff levels in blood plasma, 3,4‐dihydroxybutyric acid (3,4‐DHB) could be detected up to 12 h in blood plasma in concentrations exceeding initial concentrations of the same patient before GHB ingestion. Furthermore, four of the five patients showed an increase above endogenous levels described in the scientific literature. In urine, GHB concentrations above commonly used cutoff levels could be observed 4.5–9.5 h after GHB intake. Creatinine standardized initial concentrations were reached again for glycolic acid (GA), 3,4‐DHB, and 2,4‐dihydroxybutyric (2,4‐DHB) acid at 6.5–22, 11.5–22, and 8.5–70 h after GHB intake, respectively. Therefore, 2,4‐DHB, 3,4‐DHB, and GA are promising and should be further investigated as potential biomarkers to prolong the detection window of GHB intake.
Eligibility of outpatients with chronic heart failure for sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Angelini Gianmarco , Albanese Miriam , Ursi Raffaella , Lisi Francesco , Bellino Maria Consiglia , Amato Luca , Gioia Margherita Ilaria , Parisi Giuseppe , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Piazzolla Giuseppina , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Iacoviello Massimo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to have a relevant role in the prevention of hospitalizations for heart failure and improvement in the life expectancy of patients with diabetes and outpatients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, independently from the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our study was to evaluate in a real‐world population the number of outpatients with CHF who meet the enrolment criteria of the main randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in the last 5 years and consequently identify the percentage of patients who could potential benefit from SGLT2i therapy.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively evaluated all consecutive outpatients referred for CHF. The diagnosis of T2DM was according to the latest European Society of Cardiology Guidelines. Clinical characteristics considered for the enrolment in the RCTs were recorded. We enrolled 515 patients, 384 (75%) of whom had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%, 82 (16%) had pre‐diabetes, and 187 (36%) had diabetes. Most of the patients with LVEF ≤ 40% met the criteria for the DAPA‐HF trial (65%), and this percentage was even higher if the serum level of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide was not considered. A high percentage of patients with diabetes and LVEF > 40% met the criteria for the DECLARE (39%), CANVAS (47%), and EMPA‐REG (30%) trials. Patients meeting the enrolment criteria of RCTs evaluating SGLT2i were also characterized by a high risk of heart failure events during follow‐up.ConclusionsIn spite of a low number of patients actually treated with SGLT2i, we observed that a high prevalence of patients with CHF met the clinical characteristics of RCTs that have demonstrated a beneficial effect of SGLT2i.
Ruthenium‐based Conjugated Polymer and Metal‐organic Framework Nanocomposites for Glucose Sensing
Authors: Jin Xiaofeng , Li Guanhua , Xu Tailin , Su Lei , Yan Dan , Zhang Xueji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany studies have focused on effective ways to exploit enzyme immobilization on an electrode surface to help improve the performance of enzymatic electrochemical biosensors. Herein, a novel glucose sensor was fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onruthenium‐based conjugated polymer (CP) and metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites. This has not only reduced the applied potential to 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), but also improved the effective surface area for enzyme immobilization.PPG@Ru@UiO‐66‐NH2 was tailored by controlled chemical synthesis from a pre‐synthesized water‐soluble conjugated polymer (poly(N‐phenylglycine)) and metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66‐NH2). The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The PPG@Ru@UiO‐66‐NH2/GOx coated electrodedisplayed a linear measurementrange for glucose from 1 mM to 10 mM, with a sensitivity of 45.92 μA ⋅ mM−1cm−1 and limit of detection of5 μM(
). Furthermore, the practical application of the fabricatedglucosesensor was tested in simulative blood samples with satisfactoryaccuracy. This approach alsoopens a new door for applications regarding both enzymatic electrochemical biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs).
Numerical simulations of paper‐based electrophoretic separations with open‐source tools
Authors: Gerlero Gabriel S. , Márquez Damián Santiago , Schaumburg Federico , Franck Nicolás , Kler Pablo A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new tool for the solution of electromigrative separations in paper‐based microfluidics devices is presented. The implementation is based on a recently published complete mathematical model for describing these types of separations, and was developed on top of the open‐source toolbox electroMicroTransport, based on OpenFOAM®, inheriting all its features as native 3D problem handling, support for parallel computation, and a GNU GPL license. The presented tool includes full support for paper‐based electromigrative separations (including EOF and the novel mechanical and electrical dispersion effects), compatibility with a well‐recognized electrolyte database, and a novel algorithm for computing and controlling the electric current in arbitrary geometries. Additionally, the installation on any operating system is available due to its novel installation option in the form of a Docker image. A validation example with data from literature is included, and two extra application examples are provided, including a 2D free‐flow IEF problem, which demonstrates the capabilities of the toolbox for dealing with computational and physicochemical modeling challenges simultaneously. This tool will enable efficient and reliable numerical prototypes of paper‐based electrophoretic devices to accompany the contemporary fast growth in paper‐based microfluidics.
Quantitative characterization of human oncogene promoter G‐quadruplex DNA‐ligand interactions using a combination of mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Yang Yang , Yang Yunhe , Li Huihui , Chen David D.Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman c‐KIT oncogene is known to regulate cell growth and proliferation, and thus, acts as a probable target in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors (GIST). To identify small molecule ligands which can specifically bind with the G‐quadruplex (G4) in the c‐KIT promoter region as potential antitumor agents, we propose the combination of electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis (CE‐FA), and Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) to accurately investigate the G4/ligands binding properties. First, ESI–MS was used for initial screening of natural products (NPs). CE‐FA was then used to calculate specific binding constants and the stoichiometry of the native state binding pair in solution. Next, TDA, a micro‐capillary flow technique was used to examine the effect of the ligand binding on the diffusivity and particle size of the c‐KIT G4. Two of the screened NPs, scopolamine butylbromide (L1) and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidoside (L3), were found to specifically bind to the c‐KIT G4 with binding constants of around 104 M–1 and 1:1 stoichiometry in a free solution. TDA data showed that ligand binding (both L1 and L3) induced the c‐KIT strands to fold into a tightly structured G4 with a decreased hydrodynamic radius. These ligands have the potential to be drug candidates for the regulation of c‐KIT gene transcription by stabilizing the G4 structure. This methodology not only increased the speed of analysis but also improved its accuracy and specificity compared with the conventional binding approaches.
Review of nonlinear electrokinetic flows in insulator‐based dielectrophoresis: From induced charge to Joule heating effects
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInsulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) has been increasingly used for particle manipulation in various microfluidic applications. It exploits insulating structures to constrict and/or curve electric field lines to generate field gradients for particle dielectrophoresis. However, the presence of these insulators, especially those with sharp edges, causes two nonlinear electrokinetic flows, which, if sufficiently strong, may disturb the otherwise linear electrokinetic motion of particles and affect the iDEP performance. One is induced charge electroosmotic (ICEO) flow because of the polarization of the insulators, and the other is electrothermal flow because of the amplified Joule heating in the fluid around the insulators. Both flows vary nonlinearly with the applied electric field (either DC or AC) and exhibit in the form of fluid vortices, which have been utilized to promote some applications while being suppressed in others. The effectiveness of iDEP benefits from a comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear electrokinetic flows, which is complicated by the involvement of the entire iDEP device into electric polarization and thermal diffusion. This article is aimed to review the works on both the fundamentals and applications of ICEO and electrothermal flows in iDEP microdevices. A personal perspective of some future research directions in the field is also given.
Evaluation of saliva as a source of accurate whole‐genome and microbiome sequencing data
Authors: Herzig Anthony F. , Velo‐Suárez Lourdes , Le Folgoc Gaëlle , Boland Anne , Blanché Hélène , Olaso Robert , Le Roux Liana , Delmas Christelle , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Lethimonnier Franck , Deleuze Jean‐François , Génin Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study sets out to establish the suitability of saliva‐based whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) through a comparison against blood‐based WGS. To fully appraise the observed differences, we developed a novel technique of pseudo‐replication. We also investigated the potential of characterizing individual salivary microbiomes from non‐human DNA fragments found in saliva.We observed that the majority of discordant genotype calls between blood and saliva fell into known regions of the human genome that are typically sequenced with low confidence; and could be identified by quality control measures. Pseudo‐replication demonstrated that the levels of discordance between blood‐ and saliva‐derived WGS data were entirely similar to what one would expect between technical replicates if an individual's blood or saliva had been sequenced twice. Finally, we successfully sequenced salivary microbiomes in parallel to human genomes as demonstrated by a comparison against the Human Microbiome Project.
A novel Mendelian randomization method with binary risk factor and outcome
Authors: Allman Philip H. , Aban Inmaculada , Long Dustin M. , Bridges S Louis , Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh , MacKenzie Todd , Cutter Gary , Tiwari Hemant K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMendelian randomization (MR) applies instrumental variable (IV) methods to observational data using a genetic variant as an IV. Several Monte‐Carlo studies investigate the performance of MR methods with binary outcomes, but few consider them in conjunction with binary risk factors.ObjectiveTo develop a novel MR estimator for scenarios with a binary risk factor and outcome; and compare to existing MR estimators via simulations and real data analysis.MethodsA bivariate Bernoulli distribution is adapted to the IV setting. Empirical bias and asymptotic coverage probabilities are estimated via simulations. The proposed method is compared to the Wald method, two‐stage predictor substitution (2SPS), two‐stage residual inclusion (2SRI), and the generalized method of moments (GMM). An analysis is performed using existing data from the CLEAR study to estimate the potential causal effect of smoking on rheumatoid arthritis risk in African Americans.ResultsBias was low for the proposed method and comparable to 2SPS. The Wald method was often biased towards the null. Coverage was adequate for the proposed method, 2SPS, and 2SRI. Coverage for the Wald and GMM methods was poor in several scenarios. The causal effect of ever smoking on rheumatoid arthritis risk was not statistically significant using a variety of genetic instruments.ConclusionsSimulations suggest the proposed MR method is sound with binary risk factors and outcomes, and comparable to 2SPS and 2SRI in terms of bias. The proposed method also provides more natural framework for hypothesis testing compared to 2SPS or 2SRI, which require ad‐hoc variance adjustments.
Locomotor action sequences impact the scale of representation in hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Shelley Laura E. , Nitz Douglas A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex are implicated in both episodic memory and encoding of position in an environment. In the present study, we examine the impact of locomotor behaviors associated with movement in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions on population activity patterns in these two brain structures. We utilized a five‐looped, squared spiral track containing stair segments, ramp segments, and flat segments. In addition to encoding locations along the full route, posterior parietal cortex population activity demonstrates strong pattern recurrence for similar action types at different locations in the environment. Additionally, posterior parietal and hippocampal neurons exhibit parallel modulation in the scale of representation that follows behavioral dynamics required for track traversal. These findings build on prior work examining spatial mapping in the vertical dimension and provide a better understanding of how a series of actions and visited locations can be coordinated in the generation of episodic memory.
Causal Bayesian networks in assessments of wildfire risks: Opportunities for ecological risk assessment and management
Authors: Carriger John F. , Thompson Matthew , Barron Mace G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wildfire risks and losses have increased over the last 100 years, associated with population expansion, land use and management practices, and global climate change. While there have been extensive efforts at modeling the probability and severity of wildfires, there have been fewer efforts to examine causal linkages from wildfires to impacts on ecological receptors and critical habitats. Bayesian networks are probabilistic tools for graphing and evaluating causal knowledge and uncertainties in complex systems that have seen only limited application to the quantitative assessment of ecological risks and impacts of wildfires. Here, we explore opportunities for using Bayesian networks for assessing wildfire impacts to ecological systems through levels of causal representation and scenario examination. Ultimately, Bayesian networks may facilitate understanding the factors contributing to ecological impacts, and the prediction and assessment of wildfire risks to ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1168–1178. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
KEY POINTS
The ladder of causation has broad implications for understanding the role of models in supporting assessment and decision-making goals. Each of the rungs of the ladder is examined in terms of environmental assessment and decision models. Our case studies focus on managing wildfire risks for ecological endpoints but will be broadly applicable to other environmental issues. Establishing a causal hierarchy for environmental models will benefit future environmental assessment and management endeavors.
Coastal resilience surges as living shorelines reduce lateral erosion of salt marshes
Authors: Polk Mariko A. , Gittman Rachel K. , Smith Carter S. , Eulie Devon O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A growing suite of research has demonstrated that nature-based shoreline stabilization methods can increase resilience of coastal ecosystems by improving their capacity to return to predisturbance states. Previous work suggests that during hurricanes, living shorelines promote vertical accretion and experience less damage than traditional shoreline stabilization alternatives. Nevertheless, there is limited research looking at the impacts of major storm events on living shorelines and most studies have investigated a small number of sites. This study used in situ real-time kinematic (RTK)-GPS surveys to quantify the resilience (via the lateral change in shore position) of 17 living shoreline sites before and after a Category 1 hurricane event (Hurricane Florence, 2018). By doing so, this study seeks to understand the capacity of living shorelines (marsh with seaward breakwater or sill) to provide storm protection as compared to unaltered natural fringing salt marshes. After Hurricane Florence, living shorelines on average experienced significantly less lateral erosion compared to unprotected control segments (shoreline change rates of 0.015 and −0.31 m year−1, respectively). This study also explores how environmental siting variables (i.e., scarp presence, fetch, and bottom sediment) and sill design variables (i.e., sill material, width, and height) influence short- and long-term erosion. living shorelines were found to reduce erosion of fringing marsh edge among projects with a range of installation ages, structural materials, sill widths, and sill heights, and they were able to provide protection from erosion across a range of fetch, scarp, and bottom sediment conditions. Living shoreline siting and sill design may be suitable for broader environmental conditions than previously known. This study shows that living shorelines can increase resilience by reducing erosion of fringing salt marshes, promoting lateral building up of shoreline zones during short-term disturbance events, and from their long-term presence. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:82–98. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The long-term efficacy of sill living shorelines and short-term performance encompassing major storm events, support lateral growth of the shoreline and, in contrast, unprotected control shorelines continued to see long-term and short-term lateral loss of salt marsh. Our results provide evidence to suggest that living shorelines reduce erosion and, in many instances, promote lateral building of shore zones during short-term periods that include Category 1 hurricane events. living shorelines were found to reduce erosion of fringing marsh edge among projects with a range of installation ages, structural materials, sill widths, and sill heights, and they were able to provide protection from erosion across a range of fetch, scarp, and bottom sediment conditions. Living shoreline siting and sill design may be suitable for broader environmental conditions than previously known.