bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaper Rash: More Truth (We Hope) Than Poetry?
Authors: Hall Caroline B. 
Published: December 2021

Diaper rash plagues Mom and doctor, too. Baby's bottom's bathed with salves anew, Or Mother's told no pants must be the cure; And hence, it's endless wash she must endure.
What remedy? A sanitary pad!
'Neath cloth or paper diaper you may add One pad per daytime change or two for night.
This makes less diapers used and bottoms right.
The cost per dime store pad's about three cents, But less prescriptions, wash are recompense!
"urse" Poisons
Authors: Shulman Bernard H. , Reddy Gaddam D. 
Published: December 2021

Recently we have become very impressed with a hitherto unpublicized source of poisoning for children, namely the female purse. Medication carried in the purse for personal use is a ready source of poisons for the curious child, who customarily seeks candy, gum, and other treasures within the purse or handbag. Multicolored pills and tablets not intended for the child are often carried, and easily accessible.
The awareness of this additional source of potential and actual poisoning in childhood led us to make a random survey of 300 females accompanying children to our various clinics. These ladies included mothers, grandmothers, and other relatives and friends.
Alert Practitioner Program
Authors: Harrison Stanley L. 
Published: December 2021

The best clues to etiology often come from observations made by alert practitioners. Every major human teratogen has, in fact, been revealed in this fashion. Rubella embryopathy was recognized by an Australian ophthalmologist, phocomelia was first linked to thalidomide by an Australian obstetrician and a German human geneticist, and recognition that radiation could induce microcephaly and mental retardation was advanced by Philadelphia obstetricians.
This history has led to the establishment of an "Alert Practitioner Program."
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Kenny Thomas J. , Clemmens Raymond L. 
Published: December 2021

Before formally closing this correspondence we add the comments of Drs. Kenny and Clemmens:
Dr. Gregory agrees with the central conclusion of our paper in his opening paragraph. Some misguided school systems had even come to the position of requiring neurological consultations and EEC's on each child prior to admission to appropriate educational programs.
We feel the approach outlined by Dr. Gregory has greater utility. We particularly agree with his next to last paragraph and the point of view that pediatricians must learn about learning difficulties.
FURTHER COMMENTS
Authors: Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

This is Dr. Wilson's wisdom, and–better still–the Wilson touch. It is this touch which is the essence of pediatrics and few could express it as simply and clearly as Dr. Wilson.
From the vantage point of one who has spent most of his career dealing with issues on a community basis, I would like to add a few reactions.
The first is the slightly sad reflection that part of this learning experience was hidden from Dr. Wilson until he had left Academia and research. It is not as if the kind of role which the public health nurse later filled with Dr. Wilson, the practitioner, did not exist 30 years ago. Public health nurses have performed this role for many years. Unfortunately, their contribution to child health care was excluded–perhaps even downgraded and scorned–by many of the hospital-trained and biomedically oriented professors of the times and by the generation of practitioners who were exposed to the models of their preceptors. I can remember the early impression of Dr. Wilson's humane perfectionism upon me very well. He approached children and families with the same innate understanding of the psychosocial aspects of health and disease that graces his words today. But would he have considered delegating responsibility, or working as a "team member," to formulate a joint plan in the past? In fact, I believe he once expressed himself against the whole concept of "team care" as divisory of patient care responsibility.
The other reaction is to reinforce Dr. Wilson's emphasis on the contribution of the nurse to the quality of patient care rather than to increasing the numbers of patients seen.
Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde: Tumoren IM Kindesalter, Vol. VIII/2, edited by H. Opitz and F. Schmid. Berlin/Heidelberg / New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, 770 pp., $89.70
Authors: Eichenwald Heinz F. 
Published: December 2021

Much to this reviewer's relief, and no doubt to that of the readers of this column, publication with subsequent review of the monumental Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde is nearly complete. The present book, which represents Part 2 of Volume VIII, leaves only one part of Volume I (Developmental Pediatrics) to be reviewed.
The reader will recall that this enormous publishing feat began in 1963, when Volume V (Infectious Diseases) was issued. In the intervening years, 12 massive books of nearly 1,000 pages each have appeared and have, almost without exception, become important reference sources in pediatric libraries.
The Merck Manual, David N. Holvey, Editor, John H. Talbott, Consulting Editor. Twelfth Edition, Rahway, New Jersey: Merck & Co., Inc., 1972, 1893 pp. (plus 70-page index). Bound for students, nurses, residents, interns $6.40; otherwise regular binding $8.00
Authors: S. C. A. 
Published: December 2021

The reviewer, suddenly realizing that he saw his first Merck Manual more than 40 years ago, volunteered to review this twelfth edition for Pediatrics, provided the Merck, Sharp and Dohme Company would send him some background information. They did.
From information thus received, it appears that the reviewer's Manual of the late 1920s must have been the 592-page fifth edition. He remembers that it fitted without difficulty into the pocket of his white suit, and was often removed for prompt help with such matters as the conversion of centigrade into fahrenheit, the incubation periods of infectious diseases, the normal values of laboratory tests, the chemical symbols of the less commonly encountered elements, and the caloric values of the common foods.
THE NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Ravitch Mark M. 
Published: December 2021

As the derivation of the word surgeon from its Greek roots indicates–however much to the dismay of today's cerebral practitioners of the craft–the surgeon is a manual worker. The operative act is so central to surgery and to the life of the surgeon that it has come almost to be equated with surgery and, although I decry it, the word surgery frequently replaces the word operation.
The fact is, nevertheless, that operation, being the application of a mechanical technique to disease, is properly employed in the solution of mechanical problems. It is true that, in the past and in the present, some of the most brilliant achievements of surgery have been in the cure or correction of dangerous diseases certainly not mechanically caused, for which there was no nonoperative treatment. This was certainly true until recently for exophthalmic goiter and for that matter, while all would agree that ultimately some nonoperative method will prevail, there are many patients still–and children specifically–in whom I, among others, think hyperthyroidism is still best treated by operation. Nothing else is quite so successful as operation in the treatment of duodenal ulcer or most forms of cancer, yet all of us will accept the fact that in the end, since these are, except in their late stages, not mechanical diseases, specific and nonoperative treatments will be devised which will aim at directly reversing the causative mechanisms. It is precisely in this sort of a search that surgeons are constantly engaged. True enough, as surgeons, we believe that operations are unequivocally good for people.
DESCRIPTION OF A DAME OR PRIMARY SCHOOL IN BOSTON ABOUT 1825
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Many New England children in the early 1800s attended dame schools before being admitted to the common schools. In these dame schools, pupils as young as 3 or 4 years, were taught the alphabet and a little reading and writing by a maiden lady; but reading for the very small rarely extended beyond the criss-cross row of the horn book or the simple lessons of the New England Primer. Many towns in New England supported dame schools as their only source of primary education.1
Mrs. Livermore gives this vivid picture of one of these schools she attended in Boston about 1825:
The primary (dame) schools which received children at the age of three or four years were very shabby. As I remember them; they were kept, not taught by elderly or middle-aged dames, who dozed in the chairs, took snuff, drank tea, and often something stronger from a bottle stowed away in a cupboard. At one of these schools kept by Ma'am Adams, I was daily sent to the grocery store for the teacher's 11 o'clock dram of New England or Santa Cruz rum, until my mother discovered the practice, when my father called upon the mistress and forbade her to send me on such errands.
The school benches on which we sat were without backs and sometimes so high that we beguiled the weary school hours by swinging our feet violently back and forth, by which process we worked off a good deal of animal vigor. We sometimes tipped off the bench backwards, and fell atop the children behind us, when we all set up a prodigious howling; not because we were hurt, but we enjoyed the noise hugely and prolonged the commotion as long as we could.
Filled Milks, Coconut Oil, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Fowler Richard L. 
Published: December 2021

The Committee on Nutrition in its statement on filled milks, imitation milks, and coffee whiteners,1 points out the widespread use of coconut oil and hydrogenated corn oil as a substitute for butter fat. The only possible adverse effect mentioned is that of linoleic acid deficiency and the statement is made, "however, in general, filled milks usually offer no serious hazard in the diet of young children."
Recommendations concerning fat intake by the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources2 indicate that a high intake of saturated fatty acids may not be harmless in terms of development of atherosclerosis.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Neal William A. , Reynolds John W. , Jarvis Charles W. , Williams Hugh J. 
Published: December 2021

As Dr. Helwig suggests, the rapid infusion of substances of very high osmolarity or alkaline pH, such as 50% glucose and THAM, through umbilical artery catheters is potentially harmful. Hyperosmolar solutions are known to cause localized intimal damage, predisposing to thrombus formation.
We did not mean to imply that all of the babies in our study continuously received THAM, 50% glucose, and sodium bicarbonate. The maintenance solution was indeed usually 10% dextrose with 200 units heparin/liter added, and many infants with RDS received slow infusions of diluted sodium bicarbonate solutions in doses sufficient to correct metabolic acidosis.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Cotton Ernest K. , Solomons Clive C. , Dubois Reuben , Kattwinkel John , Di Sant'Agnese Paul A. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the comments by Drs. Cotton, Solomons, Dubois, and Coburn, but would like to express the following points:
1. The original paper by Solomons et al.1 speculated that arginine was effective because of its ability to buffer gastric acid, enhance ". . mixed micelle formation, . . . break hydrogen bonds, bind metal ions, and act as a detergent." It was with these properties in mind and also with the observation by Solomons et al. that five of their seven patients studied without pancreatic enzyme supplement seemed to have a significant reduction in steatorrhea when treated with arginine, that we decided to study the effect of the compound alone-without exogenous enzyme.
Childhood Poisoning: Importance of Early Rising
Authors: DeCastro Fernando J. , Kocur Janice L. 
Published: December 2021

There are numerous studies on the epidemiology of childhood poisoning. Studies on the time of the day during which poisoning episodes are more likely to occur have shown a consistently higher incidence of poisoning during "mother's busiest time."1 However, the early morning hours are not included among the "mother's busiest time." Poison calls were tabulated in order to determine the time of greatest risk for childhood poisoning to occur.
The 276 poisoning calls which were recorded during four months showed that: 49 (18%) occurred between 6 and 9:59 am; 61 (25%) between 10 am and 1:59 pm; 59 (21%) between 2 and 5:59 pm; 89 (32%) between 6 and 9:59 pm; 17 (6%) between 10 pm and 1:59 am; and 1 (0.3%) between 2 and 5:59 am.
Child Psychiatry, ed. 4, by Leo Kanner, M.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1972, 735 pp., $16.50
Authors: Aug Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

During the 1930s, '40s, and '50s, Leo Kanner's Child Psychiatry was the textbook of the field. All other books on child psychiatry were much more limited in scope and point of view; only Kanner's book had the comprehensiveness (and the format) that could stand in the same class as a textbook of medicine, surgery, or pediatrics.
However, during the past 12 years, other child psychiatry textbooks have appeared, books which have compared more and more favorably with Kanner's especially in their having more current information; and as the years passed Kanner's last previous edition (1957) has seemed increasingly out of date.
VARIATION OF CORD IgM LEVEL WITH BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Yeager Anne S. 
Published: December 2021

Analysis of 5,075 cord IgM levels according to birth weight shows an increase in the 97th percentile of about 0.5 mg/100 ml with every 200 gm increase in birth weight above the 1,800 gm level.
Cord IgM levels of infants weighing less than 1,800 gm are generally below 8.9 mg/100 ml which is significantly lower than the mean cord IgM level of 13.8 mg/100 ml for the group as a whole.
MENINGOENCEPHALITIS AND LABORATORY EVIDENCE OF TRIPLE INFECTION WITH CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ECHOVIRUS II, AND MUMPS
Authors: Balfour Henry H. , Seifert Gregory L. , Seifert Milton H. , Quie Paul G. , Edelman Charlene K. , Bauer Henry , Siem Robert A. 
Published: December 2021

This report emphasizes that in acute central nervous system disease, multiple viral agents may be implicated in the same patient. A 6-year-old girl with meningoencephalitis had laboratory evidence for simultaneous or closely spaced infections with California encephalitis virus, echovirus type 11, and mumps.
Documentation of the finding of triple viral infection was based on at least two laboratory findings for each agent. The patient lived in an area where California encephalitis was prevalent.
THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: MANAGEMENT OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS
Authors: Carter Sidney , Gold Arnold P. 
Published: December 2021

In the article, "The Critically Ill Child: Management of Status Epilepticus" (Pediatrics, 44: 732, 1969), the last sentence on page 732 should be modified to read:
"Diazepam is commercially dispensed as 10 mg in 2 ml of buffered solution, and should only be administered in the undiluted form."
Trivialization of Pediatrics
Authors: Watcher Emperor , S. C. A. 
Published: December 2021

Was the layout editor making a sly comment on the present state of American pediatrics by juxtaposing Mrs. Seymour's letter with the articles concerning Child Health Associates in the January issue (Pediatrics 51:1-16, 1973)? If the word "pediatrician" is substituted for "surgeon " in the 1754 letter, it has a surprisingly modern ring.
One gets the impression from reading the four articles that CHAs have demonstrated that they are capable of doing good when compared with practicing pediatricians, but it is not clear whether evidence has been collected to deal with the question of whether the associates cause less harm (in testing hypotheses one is liable to two kinds of error, and the relationships between type I and type II errors is the basis for the Neyman-Pearson theory).
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Scanlon John W. , Walkley Edward I. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Scanlon and Walkley comment as follows:
Dr. Merenstein states: "The finding of significant anemia or hypotension warrants consideration for immediate transfusion." We heartily agree. The critical word in Dr. Merenstein's advisement is "significant." We can assure Dr. Merenstein that this infant did not have significant hypotension. Furthermore, the clinical observation of a systolic murmur and the roentgenological finding of an "upper limit of normal" for heart size are suggestive, not diagnostic, of cardiac decompensation in the newborn.
Respiratory Physiology, ed. 2, by N. Balfour Slonium, M.D., Ph.D., and Lyle H. Hamilton, Ph.D. St Louis: The C. V. Mosby Co., 1971, 229 pp., $10.75
Authors: Wohl Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2021

Respiratory Physiology, a slim, well-printed volume, is an introductory text designed primarily for use by medical students. A concise, understandable, yet comprehensive and current monograph in this field is needed and is a challenge to any group of authors. This book only partially meets this challenge.
The traditional material includes chapters on the gas laws, anatomy of the bronchopulmonary system, mechanics of breathing, pulmonary circulation, diffusion, ventilation-perfusion relationships, control of ventilation, and clinical evaluation of pulmonary function.
Primary Tuberculosis in Childhood, by Jacques Gerbeaux, M.D. Springfield, Illinois, 1970, 339 pp., $17.75
Authors: Nemir Rosa Lee 
Published: December 2021

This compact and pleasantly readable book on childhood tuberculosis is written by Professor Gerbeaux, of the Université de Paris, whose work on many aspects of this subject has been appearing steadily in the literature for many years.
Composed of 22 chapters, the book progresses smoothly from etiology and epidemiology to antituberculous chemoprophylaxis. The early chapters are concerned with diagnostic techniques and contain carefully documented experiences with all methods of tuberculin testing, laboratory techniques and roentgenologic aids in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis and determining the progress of disease (chapters 2, 5, 6, and 7.).
PREFACE
Authors: Rausen Aaron R. 
Published: December 2021

The symposium that follows brought together individuals from varied professional spheres, all of whom have evidenced deep concern and expertise in recognizing, caring about, and preventing abuse and neglect of children. The purpose of the symposium was several fold:
1.To present in a cohesive form the present knowledge concerning etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the abused child.
2. To present in some detail the legal as well as the medical and social methods of handling the problem.
3. To illustrate current and possille future approaches to the handling of the child and family involved.
4. To allow those involved in the field to have the opportunity to direct questions and problems to the gathered group of experts.
While much of the material concerning law and social agencies relates to New York state and city, the implications for other parts of the nation are self-evident.
The symposium was organized by Dr. Edmund N. Jovner, III, in his capacity as Chairman of the Special Committee on Child Welfare of the Medical Society of the County of New York. Assisting Dr. Joyner in this effort were the members of his committee as well as Mrs. Ruth Altman, secretary to the committee, and Mr. David Beiles, public relations representative for the Medical Society of the County of New York.
The sponsor of the Symposium, the Medical Society of the County of New York, was given generous financial support by the Edwin Gould Foundation for Children, New York, Mead Johnson and Company, Evansville, Indiana, and Ross Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, which made possible the presentation and subsequent publication of this symposium.
WELCOME
Authors: Saypol George M. 
Published: December 2021

My official duty is to welcome you to a symposium which, I believe, will prove both interesting and informative.
I wish to thank the New York University School of Medicine for its kindness in permitting us to use this fine auditorium for the symposium. As a graduate of this school, I am proud that it cooperates so well with our Society and other medical organizations. As I look about me today, I see many members of our organization. These physicians are here because they are concerned about one of our most distressing social and medical problems, and wish to ameliorate it in some way.
I am also gratified that there are so many members of other professions interested in child abuse, including public health officials, educators, attorneys, hospital administrators, nurses, social workers, and officials and staff people of public and private social agencies. I am delighted that we have so distinguished a group of speakers on our program, representing government, the judiciary and bar, as well as the medical profession.
If, by the end of today's proceedings, we have come to some kind of understanding or consensus as to the best approach toward dealing with child abuse, then there is hope. In any event, we have to continue fighting the battle to correct the social ills in our society in order to achieve a measure of justice and civilization.
THE LAW AND THE ABUSED AND NEGLECTED CHILD
Authors: Isaacs Jacob L. 
Published: December 2021

There are four broad areas of the law which impinge on the general field of child abuse and child neglect.
First are those laws which mandate the reporting of suspected cases of child abuse. They are found in all 50 states of the Union at this time.
The second are the traditional provisions of the penal law which make the parents or guardians, who are guilty of abusive physical conduct toward children, amenable to the normal criminal penalties.
Third are the recently enacted provisions of our Family Court Act in New York which establish the comprehensive procedure for the processing of child abuse cases on a civil basis.
Finally, there are the provisions of law that establish various protective services and designate the public and private agencies to deal with the problems.
I shall limit myself primarily to two areas of the law, namely reporting laws and what is now known as the child protective proceedings in the Family Court.
I'll do this in the form of posing questions, those questions that are most commonly raised about these matters, amid then attempting to answer them.
THE REPORTING LAWS
New York has one of the most comprehensive reporting laws in its Social Services Law. In New York, any physician, surgeon, medical examiner, coroner, dentist, osteopath, optometrist, chiropractor, podiatrist, resident, intern, registered nurse, hospital personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care or treatment of persons, or Christian Science practitioners, having reasonable cause to suspect that a child under 16 years of age has had serious physical injury inflicted on him other than by accidental means, or whose condition indicates some other form of abuse, is required to report to the City Department of Social Services.
ANSWERS FOR SOME PEDIATRIC PATIENTS (p. 821)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

1. James Phipps: first patient to be vaccinated by Dr. Edward Jenner (1796).
2. Joseph Meister: first patient to be given Pasteur's rabies vaccine (1885).
3. Daniel Oliver Waterhouse: first patient to receive cowpox vaccine in America (1803).
4. Laura Dewey Bridgman: Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe's most famous patient. She was totally blind and deaf and spent her life at the Perkins Institution in Boston which was founded by Dr. Howe.
5. Little Hans: Sigmund Freud's first pediatric patient (1908).
6. James Sarkett: patient with paralytic poliomyelitis from whom Salk isolated his type III strain of poliomyelitis (1949).
7. Eileen Saxon: the first patient with tetralogy of Fallot operated on by Dr. Alfred Blalock (November 24, 1944).
8. Victor of Aveyron: a wild child found in the woods in southern France and studied intensely by Dr. J. E. M. Itard (1801 and 1807). Victor, a so-called homo sapiens ferus, was the subject of François Truffaut's recent film "The Wild Child."