bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of oogenesis in the queen honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Aamidor Sarah E , Cardoso-Júnior Carlos AM , Harianto Januar , Nowell Cameron J , Cole Louise , Oldroyd Benjamin P , Ronai Isobel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the honey bee (Apis mellifera), queen and worker castes originate from identical genetic templates but develop into different phenotypes. Queens lay up to 2,000 eggs daily whereas workers are sterile in the queen’s presence. Periodically queens stop laying; during swarming, when resources are scarce in winter and when they are confined to a cage by beekeepers. We used confocal microscopy and gene expression assays to investigate the control of oogenesis in honey bee queen ovaries. We show that queens use different combination of ‘checkpoints’ to regulate oogenesis compared to honey bee workers and other insect species. However, both queen and worker castes use the same programmed cell death pathways to terminate oocyte development at their caste-specific checkpoints. Our results also suggest that the termination of oogenesis in queens is driven by nutritional stress. Thus, queens may regulate oogenesis via the same regulatory pathways that were utilised by ancestral solitary species but have adjusted physiological checkpoints to suit their highly-derived life history.Summary statementHoney bee queens regulate oogenesis using a different combination of ‘checkpoints’ to workers, but both castes use the same molecular pathways.
RBPMS2 is a conserved regulator of alternative splicing that promotes myofibrillar organization and optimal calcium handling in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Akerberg Alexander A. , Trembley Michael , Butty Vincent , Schwertner Asya , Zhao Long , Beerens Manu , Liu Xujie , Mahamdeh Mohammed , Yuan Shiaulou , Boyer Laurie , MacRae Calum , Nguyen Christopher , Pu William T. , Burns Caroline E. , Burns C. Geoffrey 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTRationaleThe identification of novel cardiomyocyte-intrinsic factors that support heart function will expand the number of candidate genes and therapeutic options for heart failure, a leading cause of death worldwide.ObjectiveTo identify and characterize conserved regulators of cardiomyocyte function.Methods and ResultsWe report that the RNA-binding protein RBPMS2 is required for myofibril organization and the regulation of intracellular calcium dynamics in both zebrafish embryos and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). A differential expression screen in zebrafish uncovered enrichment ofrbpms2paralogs,rbpms2aandrbpms2b,in the myocardium. Double knock-out (rbpms2-null) embryos suffer from compromised ventricular filling during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, which significantly reduces cardiac output. Whole transcriptome sequencing and validation studies revealed differential alternative splicing of several genes linked to cardiomyopathies in humans, includingmyosin binding protein C3(mybpc3) andphospholamban(pln), consistent with a role in causing the observed ventricular deficiencies. Further,RBPMS2-null hiPSC-CMs exhibit myofibril and calcium handling defects that are highly analogous to those observed in therbpms2-null zebrafish ventricle.ConclusionsTaken together, our data identifyRBPMS2as a conserved and essential regulator of alternative splicing that is required for myofibrillar organization and optimal calcium handling from zebrafish to humans.
Functional basis of electron transport within photosynthetic complex I
Authors: Richardson Katherine H. , Wright John J. , Šimėnas Mantas , Thiemann Jacqueline , Esteves Ana M. , McGuire Gemma , Myers William K. , Morton John J.L. , Hippler Michael , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Hanke Guy T. , Roessler Maxie M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis and respiration rely upon a proton gradient to produce ATP. In photosynthesis, the Respiratory Complex I homologue, Photosynthetic Complex I (PS-CI) is proposed to couple ferredoxin oxidation and plastoquinone reduction to proton pumping across thylakoid membranes, and is fundamental to bioenergetics in photosynthetic bacteria and some higher plant cell types. However, little is known about the PS-CI molecular mechanism and attempts to understand its function have previously been frustrated by its large size and high lability. Here, we overcome these challenges by pushing the limits in sample size and spectroscopic sensitivity, to determine arguably the most important property of any electron transport enzyme – the reduction potentials of its cofactors, in this case the iron-sulphur clusters of PS-CI, and unambiguously assign them to the structure using double electron-electron resonance (DEER). We have thus determined the bioenergetics of the electron transfer relay and provide insight into the mechanism of PS-CI, laying the foundations for understanding of how this important bioenergetic complex functions.
Selective and reversible disruption of mitochondrial inner membrane protein complexes by lipophilic cations
Authors: Kafkova Anezka , Tilokani Lisa , Trčka Filip , Šrámková Veronika , Vancová Marie , Bílý Tomáš , Nebesářová Jana , Prudent Julien , Trnka Jan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTTriphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives are commonly used to target chemical into mitochondria. We show that alkyl-TPP cause reversible, dose- and hydrophobicity-dependent alterations of mitochondrial morphology and function and a selective decrease of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins including subunits of the respiratory chain complexes, as well as components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. The treatment with alkyl-TPP resulted in the cleavage of the pro-fusion and cristae organisation regulator Optic atrophy-1. The structural and functional effects of alkyl-TPP were found to be reversible and not merely due to loss of membrane potential. A similar effect was observed with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ.
ER exit sites inDrosophiladisplay abundant ER-Golgi vesicles and pearled tubes but no megacarriers
Authors: Yang Ke , Liu Min , Feng Zhi , Rojas Marta , Zhou Lingjian , Ke Hongmei , Pastor-Pareja José Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSecretory cargos are collected at ER exit sites (ERES) before transport to the Golgi apparatus. Decades of research have provided many details of the molecular events underlying ER-Golgi exchanges. Essential questions, however, remain about the organization of the ER-Golgi interface in cells and the type of membrane structures mediating traffic from ERES. To investigate these, we used transgenic tagging inDrosophilaflies, 3D-SIM and FIB-SEM to characterize ERES-Golgi units in collagen-producing fat body, imaginal discs and imaginal discs overexpressing ERES determinant Tango1. We found in front of ERES a pre-cis-Golgi region involved in both anterograde and retrograde transport. This pre-cis-Golgi is continuous with the rest of the Golgi, not a separate intermediate compartment or collection of large carriers, for which we found no evidence. We found, however, many vesicles, as well as pearled tubules connecting ERES and Golgi.
The evolution of meanings: an empirical analysis of the social media industry
Authors: Sanasi Silvia , Trabucchi Daniel , Pellizzoni Elena , Buganza Tommaso 
Published: March 2021

PurposeInnovation dynamics have been the object of study of several researchers, focusing in particular on technological innovation and the emergence of a dominant design. However, these models have been challenged by how the pervasiveness of digital technologies is speeding up the pace at which innovation evolves. On the other hand, a growing body of literature in innovation management has started underlining the relevance of new product and service meanings as a source of innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis research aims to study the different innovation dynamics within an industry, investigating not only how companies react to fast-changing functional advancements but rather how their behavior changes as shifts in meaning occur. To properly assess the phenomenon, this longitudinal study analyzes the social media industry, strongly subjected to continuous functional advancements, through a deep dive in the 160 innovations introduced between 2003 and 2017 by the eight leading players in the industry.FindingsOur results illustrate the co-existence of different approaches to innovation within an industry and hint that consequent and fast cycles of innovation in both functionalities and meanings discourage the emergence of a dominant design.Practical implicationsOur results help managers and innovators acknowledge the possibility to leverage not just on the technological dimension of innovation but also the reason why people use a given product or service, innovating its meaning. Furthermore, our results recognize the co-existence of different innovation streams upon which innovators can act.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the extant literature in innovation management, extending the classical models of innovation dynamics by including the evolution of innovations of meaning in relation to technological innovation.
Cuba’s response to COVID-19: lessons for the future
Authors: Wylie Lana L. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevance of Cuba’s medical system, its health tourism and related diplomacy in the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic for the global response to disease outbreaks. In addition to Cuba being a destination for leisure tourists in the Caribbean, the renowned Cuban medical system attracts thousands of health tourists seeking low-cost but high-quality treatment. This paper demonstrates how Cuba’s unique response to the pandemic, which included sending thousands of medical staff abroad, can inform structural and global issues and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Design/methodology/approach
The research in this study is primarily drawn from published academic and media sources that address Cuba’s medical system, its health tourism and the government’s response to the recent pandemic. The author, a political scientist and an author of many publications on Cuba, and the PI of a study focused on Cuban tourism, will also draw on her expertise.

Findings
This paper addresses the Cuban Government’s ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic and places this response in the context of Cuba’s medical system, its health tourism and related diplomacy. It reveals key lessons from Cuba’s response for other tourist destination states and, more broadly, for the worldwide response to global outbreaks and the management of health systems. The findings will further research in diplomacy and tourism as well as inform policy and practice.

Research limitations/implications
This paper explores an ongoing topic and thus further research will be required following the pandemic.

Practical implications
This research note offers important implications for practice including providing accurate, research-based information that challenges misinformation about Cuba’s health system, its medical diplomacy program, health tourism and its response to COVID-19. It offers valuable lessons for public health authorities including the importance of preventative health measures, community medicine and the benefits of working globally to combat outbreaks through the sharing of medical staff and resources.

Social implications
This research note reveals the health, political and social implications of Cuba’s response in this time of crisis. It shows the benefits of a robust but low-cost community-based medicine program, medical diplomacy and how a state’s response during crisis can moderate the global inequities and injustices such as unequal access to care that often accompany disease outbreaks such as COVID-19.

Originality/value
This research note is an early analysis of a response by an important tourist destination country to the pandemic. The author anticipates that the information provided to the international community via this open access journal will offer practical implications for the ongoing global efforts to manage this crisis and contribute to the research on tourism, diplomacy, justice and health policy.
Clearing gang- and drug-involved nonfatal shootings
Authors: Barao Lisa , Braga Anthony A. , Turchan Brandon , Cook Philip J. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeClearance rates for nonfatal shootings, especially cases involving gang- and drug-related violence, are disturbingly low in many US cities. Using data from a previously completed project in Boston, we explore the prospects for improving gang/drug nonfatal shooting cases by investing the same investigative effort found in similar gang/drug gun murder cases.Design/methodology/approachOur analyses primarily focus on a sample of 231 nonfatal shootings that occurred in Boston from 2010 to 2014. Logistic regressions are first used to analyze differences in the likelihood of case clearance for gang/drug nonfatal shooting cases relative to other nonfatal shooting cases. Independent samples t-tests are then used to compare the investigative characteristics of these two different kinds of nonfatal shootings. Next, independent samples t-tests are used to compare the investigation of gang/drug gun assaults relative to the investigation of very similar gang/drug gun homicides.FindingsResults demonstrate that the odds of clearing gang/drug nonfatal shootings are 77.2% less likely relative to the odds of clearing nonfatal shootings resulting from other circumstances. This stark difference in clearance rates is not driven by diminished investigative effort, but investigative effort does matter. Relative to gang/drug gun assaults, gang/drug gun homicides have much higher clearance rates that are the result of greater investigative resources and effort that produces significantly more witnesses and evidence, and generate more forensic tests and follow-up investigative actions.Originality/valueGang- and drug-related violence generates a bulk of urban nonfatal shootings. Low clearance rates for nonfatal shootings undermine police efforts to hold offenders accountable, disrupt cycles of gun violence, and provide justice to victims. Police should make investments to improve investigative effort such as handling these cases with the same vigor as homicide cases.
Tourism service providers’ physical attractiveness and customers’ service quality evaluation: is warmth or competence more important?
Authors: Li Yaoqi , Liu Biqiang , Chen Ping , Huan Tzung-Cheng 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the psychological variable of “social distance” and use SEM to analyze the relationship between tourism service providers’ physical attractiveness (SPPA) and tourists’ perceptions of social distance, stereotypes and service quality.

Design/methodology/approach
The data collectors were instructed to convenience sampling tourists in Guangzhou Chimelong Tourist Resort, the biggest resort in South China and 334 valid questionnaires were collected. This study used CFA to confirm the measurement model and to check the reliability and validity of the constructs. Using Mplus 7.0, SEM was performed to test the hypotheses of this study.

Findings
The study found that tourism SPPA can improve tourists’ stereotype perception by reducing the social distance between tourists and service providers, which ultimately improves service quality. This study also found that only warmth perception can significantly improve the service quality evaluation of tourists, with competence perception having no significant effect.

Originality/value
This study focused on the SPPA in tourism services, expanding the research on tourism service management and on the effect of physical attractiveness; enriched the stereotype content model and behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes map by clarifying the mediating role of social distance and stereotypes; found different roles played by the competence and warmth stereotype in the enhancement effect; helped find an insightful strategy to improve service quality by recruiting and training employees intentionally.
On the role of knowledge in critical thinking—using student essay responses to bring empirical fuel to the debate between ‘generalists’ and ‘specifists’
Authors: Larsson Kristoffer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To develop students’ critical thinking is one of the primary goals of a modern democratic school system. However, what is to be developed has been the matter of long-standing debate. One particular area of conflict has been what role is played by the knowledge concerning the object to be critically thought about. The ‘specifists’ have asserted that knowledge about the object is the core. The ‘generalists’ have claimed that there is no need for any actual profound knowledge. Typically, this debate has been held at a theoretical and philosophical level. In this paper, I will make an empirically based contribution to the debate. In a unique approach, I will use a number of student essay responses to argue in favour of a specifist view, and at the same time to question some of the generalists’ basic assumptions. The paper ends with an appeal to the generalists to provide us with proper clarification regarding the questions I raise. This is important as they hold the dominant position in the field. If they are to continue to do so, we need to be clear about the accuracy of their basic assumptions. This becomes even more essential as the generalist research has been severely criticised for producing inconclusive results, as well as the fact that the generalist view on critical thinking has been adopted by major policymakers both in Europe and the United States.
Uncaptured rates of postpartum venous thromboembolism: a US national analysis
Authors: Cioci A , Kedar W , Urrechaga E , Gold J , Parreco JP , Coll AS , Curry CL , Rattan R 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify the proportion of postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) readmissions, including those that occur at different hospitals from index admission, and describe risk factors for this outcome.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingUS hospitals included in the Nationwide Readmissions Database.SampleA total of 3 719 238 patients >14 years of age with a delivery‐associated hospitalisation in 2014.MethodsUnivariate analysis was performed to identify patient and hospital factors associated with readmissions. Significant factors were included in multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Results were weighted for national estimates.Main outcome measuresReadmission with VTE to both index and different hospitals at 30, 60 and 90 days.ResultsThe VTE cumulative readmission rate was 0.053% (n = 1477), 0.063% (n = 1765) and 0.069% (n = 1938) at 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively. Patients were readmitted to different hospitals 31% of the time within 90 days. Risk factors for different hospital VTE readmission were unique and included younger age and initial admission to a small/medium‐sized hospital. Initial admission to a for‐profit hospital increased the likelihood of readmission to a different hospital.ConclusionsNearly one in three postpartum VTEs are missed by the current quality metrics, with significant implications for outcomes and quality. For‐profit hospitals have a significant portion of their VTE readmissions hidden, falsely lowering their readmission rates relative to public hospitals.Tweetable abstractUS analysis shows 1 in 3 readmissions for postpartum venous thromboembolism currently missed.
‘Pinkwashing’ the radical‐right: Gender and the mainstreaming of radical‐right policies and actions
Authors: BEN‐SHITRIT LIHI , ELAD‐STRENGER JULIA , HIRSCH‐HOEFLER SIVAN 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcross the globe, women are increasingly more visible as leaders and activists in radical‐right parties and movements. Does women's visibility in radical‐right politics, both institutionalized and non‐institutionalized, affect public acceptance of radical‐right agendas? The present paper proposes a ‘radical‐right gender mainstreaming model’, arguing that women in radical‐right politics are perceived by the general public through a prism of feminine gender stereotypes, which counteract radical‐right parties’ and movements’ masculine stereotypes, thus ‘softening’ their image and making them more acceptable to the general public. Across four experimental studies conducted in the Israeli context, we find strong evidence that women's visibility as radical‐right parliamentary representatives (Studies 1a and 1b) and as radical‐right political activists (Studies 2a and 2b) increases acceptance of and support for these parties’ and movements’ agenda, particularly among women. We further demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the attribution of feminine stereotypes (warmth) to women versus men political actors. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Infrequent use of nighttime dialysis for emergency admission due to worsening heart failure in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Konishi Masaaki , Kitai Takeshi , Tsujisaka Yuta , Kawase Yuichi , Shimada Noriaki , Tamura Kouichi , Kimura Kazuo , Ohya Yusuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the emergency admission due to worsening heart failure (HF) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, emergent dialysis may be indicated, which increases personnel expenses. To clarify the characteristics and in‐hospital management of the patients, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study including 142 patients on maintenance hemodialysis emergently admitted for worsening HF (71.6 ± 9.2 years, 69.0% male, 44.4% HF with preserved [≥50%] ejection fraction). The interval between last hemodialysis and admission was long (median 55 h), suggesting that fluid accumulation triggered HF events. Although most patients (73.9%) were admitted in the nighttime (5 p.m. to 9 a.m.), only 17.9% of them needed nighttime dialysis and were managed medically until the first in‐hospital dialysis, with the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in 45.1% and oxygen supplementation in 95.8%. While patients on hemodialysis with worsening HF were frequently admitted in the nighttime, nighttime dialysis was indicated in a limited population.
A network algorithm for the X chromosomal exact test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with multiple alleles
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Ortoleva Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStatistical methodology for testing the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has recently experienced considerable development. Up to a few years ago, testing X chromosomal variants for equilibrium was basically done by applying autosomal test procedures to females only. At present, male alleles can be taken into account in asymptotic and exact test procedures for both the bi‐ and multiallelic case. However, current X chromosomal exact procedures for multiple alleles rely on a classical full enumeration algorithm and are computationally expensive, and in practice not feasible for more than three alleles. In this article, we extend the autosomal network algorithm for exact Hardy–Weinberg testing with multiple alleles to the X chromosome, achieving considerable reduction in computation times for multiallelic variants with up to five alleles. The performance of the X chromosomal network algorithm is assessed in a simulation study. Beyond four alleles, a permutation test is, in general, the more feasible approach. A detailed description of the algorithm is given, and examples of X chromosomal indels and microsatellites are discussed.