bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decommissioning normal: COVID‐19 as a disruptor of school norms for young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Beaton Mhairi C. , Codina Geraldene N. , Wharton Julie C. 
Published: June 2021

Accessible summaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced everyone to live at a social distance from other people. This has changed the way people live and are included socially.This paper focuses on the unexpected ways schools have altered and deepened social inclusion for children with learning disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic.We interviewed six people: two people who work for a Local Authority, one Headteacher of a special school, one Special Educational Needs and Disability Consultant, one young person with a learning disability and her mother.The findings and conclusions show the “new normal” caused by COVID‐19 can help to deepen social inclusion for children with learning disabilities. For example, it can help children communicate in alternative ways with their teachers and friends. It can help families to understand more about their son/daughter's educational abilities; this means they can advocate better for them. It can help professionals to meet the needs of children with learning disabilities more quickly.We do not enjoy living at a social distance from everyone else, but we do want to make sure that lessons can be learnt from this moment in time.AbstractBackgroundTo slow the spread of COVID‐19, on 20 March 2020, nurseries, schools and colleges across England were closed to all learners, apart from those who were children of key workers or were considered “vulnerable.” As young people with learning disabilities, families, professionals and schools become acquainted with the Erfahrung of the new horizon brought about by COVID‐19, the negativity of altered social inclusion is becoming the “new normal.” Capturing this transitory moment in time, this paper reflexively analyses the curiously productive variables of altered ecological pathways to social inclusion for people with learning disabilities.MethodsTaking a hermeneutic stance, this paper draws on Gadamer's construction of the nature of new experiences. Focussed on the experience of social inclusion during the COVID‐19 pandemic, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six key stakeholders. As the phenomenon in question was new, an inductive approach to thematic analysis was applied.FindingsThe critical tenet of this paper is that the Erfahrung of COVID‐19 has created the conditions for a “new normal” which have afforded children with learning disabilities altered opportunities for social inclusion, whether that be through increased power/agency for them and their families and/or new modes of connectedness leading to enhanced relationships.ConclusionWhilst the impact of COVID‐19 has been a negative one for many aspects of society, application of Simplican and Gadamer's theories on social inclusion and the nature of new experiences has permitted the surfacing of new possibilities for the social inclusion of children with learning disabilities.
The biomechanics of pollen release: new perspectives on the evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms
Authors: Timerman David , Barrett Spencer C.H. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTEvolutionary transitions from animal to wind pollination have occurred repeatedly during the history of the angiosperms, but the selective mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we propose that knowledge of pollen release biomechanics is critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes underpinning this shift in pollination mode. Pollen release is the critical first stage of wind pollination (anemophily) and stamen properties are therefore likely to be under strong selection early in the transition. We describe current understanding of pollen release biomechanics to provide insights on the phenotypic and ecological drivers of wind pollination. Pollen release occurs when detachment forces dominate resistive forces retaining pollen within anthers. Detachment forces can be active or passive depending on whether they require energy input from the environment. Passive release is more widespread in anemophilous species and involves processes driven by steady or unsteady aerodynamic forces or turbulence‐induced vibrations that shake pollen from anthers. We review empirical and theoretical studies suggesting that stamen vibration is likely to be a key mechanism of pollen release. The vibration response is governed by morphological and biomechanical properties of stamens, which may undergo divergent selection in the presence or absence of pollinators. Resistive forces have rarely been investigated for pollen within anthers, but are probably sensitive to environmental conditions and depend on flower age, varying systematically between animal‐ and wind‐pollinated species. Animal and wind pollination are traditionally viewed as dichotomous alternatives because they are usually associated with strikingly different pollination syndromes. But this perspective has diverted attention from subtler, continuously varying traits which mediate the fluid dynamic process of pollen release. Reinterpreting the flower as a biomechanical entity that responds to fluctuating environmental forces may provide a promising way forward. We conclude by identifying several profitable areas for future research to obtain deeper insight into the evolution of wind pollination.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation sustains seizure activity
Authors: Librizzi Laura , Vila Verde Diogo , Colciaghi Francesca , Deleo Francesco , Regondi Maria Cristina , Costanza Massimo , Cipelletti Barbara , de Curtis Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe influx of immune cells and serum proteins from the periphery into the brain due to a dysfunctional blood‐brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures in various forms of epilepsy and encephalitis. We evaluated the pathophysiological impact of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum albumin on neuronal excitability in an in vitro brain preparation.MethodsA condition of mild endothelial activation induced by arterial perfusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was induced in the whole brain preparation of guinea pigs maintained in vitro by arterial perfusion. We analyzed the effects of co‐perfusion of human recombinant serum albumin with human PBMCs activated with concanavalin A on neuronal excitability, BBB permeability (measured by FITC‐albumin extravasation), and microglial activation.ResultsBioplex analysis in supernatants of concanavalin A–stimulated PBMCs revealed increased levels of several inflammatory mediators, in particular interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon (INF)‐γ, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, and MIP3α. LPS and human albumin arterially co‐perfused with either concanavalin A–activated PBMCs or the cytokine‐enriched supernatant of activated PBMCs (1) modulated calcium‐calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II at excitatory synapses, (2) enhanced BBB permeability, (3) induced microglial activation, and (4) promoted seizure‐like events. Separate perfusions of either nonactivated PBMCs or concanavalin A–activated PBMCs without LPS/human albumin (hALB) failed to induce inflammatory and excitability changes.SignificanceActivated peripheral immune cells, such as PBMCs, and the extravasation of serum proteins in a condition of BBB impairment contribute to seizure generation.
Anti‐immigration policy in developed countries: Welfare and distributional implications for developing economies
Authors: Chaudhuri Sarbajit , Dwibedi Jayanta Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe develop a 3 × 4 full‐employment small open economy model for examining the consequences of anti‐immigration policy against skilled labor adopted in the developed country on both national income and wage inequality in a source developing economy, keeping aside the aspect of immigration of unskilled labor. We find that both social welfare and wage inequality are likely to deteriorate when, ceteris paribus, the degree of distortion in the unskilled labor market is sufficiently high. In addition, through quantitative analysis we have recommended a couple of policies that are likely to lessen the adverse outcomes on both the economic indicators.
Potential roles for microRNAs in facilitating physiological adaptation to low‐temperature stress in Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Liang QingJian , Dong WenNa , Ou MuFei , Li ZhongHua , Liu Yuan , Wang Weina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater temperature is one of the most common physiological stressors in aquaculture. Previous studies demonstrate that organisms require miRNA activity for survival in various unfavourable environmental conditions. However, the detailed role of miRNA in response to low‐temperature stress is still unclear. This study was conducted to construct a comprehensive miRNA dataset for the Penaeus vannamei after low‐temperature stress. A total of 329 known miRNAs and 60 putative novel miRNAs were identified. Among them, 17 miRNAs were identified with the most significant differences, and they were found to be involved in stimulation or stress processes. The main enriched target pathways of the 17 miRNAs were the Hippo signalling pathway, autophagy, apoptosis and MAPK signalling. In addition, all the 17 miRNAs identified were up‐regulated, suggesting that miRNA by inhibiting the expression of target genes constitutes an effective strategy for Penaeus vannamei to cope with low‐temperature stress. The 35‐putative target of the 17 miRNAs was related to apoptosis and autophagy‐related proteins, such as Pxt, DRAM2, cytochrome c, ATG2B, JNK, ATG4 and API5. The analysis of miRNA expression profiles contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low‐temperature tolerance in Penaeus vannamei. This study's findings enrich current miRNA resources and offer the possibility to validate the involvement of 17 miRNAs in the response of shrimp to low‐temperature stress.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled split‐face trial of the efficacy of tranexamic acid by drug delivery through microneedling in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Kuster Kaminski Arida Dâmia , Orso Rebellato Priscila Regina , Marioto de Campos Giovana Liz , Costa Adriane , Vilaverde Schmitt Juliano , Larocca Skare Thelma , Rodrigues Lisboa Faucz Luciana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a prevalent skin pigmentation disorder that is difficult to treat. Tranexamic acid (TA) is a potential agent, but there are few studies on its effectiveness under the transdermal route (drug delivery—Dd). One of these Dd pathways is through microneedling, which seems to be effective itself.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid when applied in the form of drug delivery through microneedling in the treatment of facial melasma.MethodsA randomized controlled double‐blind split‐face trial with 3 monthly sessions in 20 melasma patients: microneedling was performed in the entire face, and then TA solution was applied to one hemiface and placebo to the other. The effectiveness was measured using Hemi‐MASI (Melasma Area and Severity Index), images pixels, and perceptions of experts and patients.ResultsHemi‐MASI regressed 22% in control and 29% in TA side. A good/better improvement was found in 37.5% of the control and 42.5% of TA by the experts and 60% of the patients for both sides. Pixels increased by 5 and 7, respectively. In none of these criteria, there was a significant difference between the sides.ConclusionTranexamic acid in drug delivery through microneedling did not bring additional benefit to the treatment of melisma.
Skin disorders associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic: A review
Authors: Akl Jennifer , El‐ Kehdy Jessica , Salloum Antoine , Benedetto Anthony , Karam Paula 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn December 2019, a new coronavirus has emerged out of China, the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, causing a disease known as COVID‐19, which steadily has progressed into a pandemic. This coronavirus affects many organs, including the skin, whose manifestations are a consequence of the disease itself, as well as the preventative measures taken to avoid the infection. This paper reviews the cutaneous manifestations which currently have been encountered during this pandemic.MethodsA search was conducted on PubMed, and all relevant articles were included.ResultsThe results show the occurrence of many cutaneous findings, ranging from those related to the infection itself and to various dermatitides related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized by healthcare workers while attending to infected patients.DiscussionRecognizing these findings is important for the accurate diagnosis of those infected with COVID‐19 as well as the prompt treatment of the side effects caused by PPE that might further impair the effectiveness of healthcare workers.
APB‐13 improves the adverse outcomes caused by TGEV infection by correcting the intestinal microbial disorders in piglets
Authors: Liang Xiuli , Wang Pengtao , Lian Kaiqi , Han Fangfang , Tang Yajie , Zhang Shouming , Zhang Wenju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an enteric coronavirus that has caused high morbidity and mortality of piglets worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the TGEV can lead to severe diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in 2‐week‐old piglets and weaned piglets, resulting in a large number of piglet deaths. Antimicrobial peptides have broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and a strong killing effect on bacteria, especially on the drug‐resistant pathogenic bacteria, and it has attracted broad concern. However, there are very few reports on the effect of APB‐13 (an antimicrobial peptide) on the intestinal microbes of piglets infected with TGEV. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial phylum and the genus of piglet's enteric microorganism in different experimental groups, and to predict the metabolic function of the microbial flora. At the same time, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestive enzyme activity, daily weight gain and survival rate were also measured. TGEV infection could cause the imbalance of intestinal microbes in piglets, and increase of the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and decrease of the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteri. With the addition of APB‐13, this problem can be alleviated, which can reduce the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and improve the balance of intestinal microorganisms. At the microbial genus level, after adding APB‐13, the relative abundance of Catenibacterium, Enterobacter and Streptococcus in the intestinal tract of piglets infected with TGEV showed significant decrease, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased. Finally, we found that APB‐13 can significantly increase the activity of digestive enzyme in the intestinal tract of piglet, thereby improving the apparent digestibility of nutrients and the growth performance of piglets. This study demonstrates that APB‐13 can alleviate the adverse outcomes caused by TGEV infection by correcting the intestinal microbial disorders.
Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of methyl ether dillapiole on the development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: da Silva J. S. , da Silva Pinto A. C. , dos Santos L. H. F. , da Silva L. J. S. , da Cruz D. L. V. , Rafael M. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDillapiole, extracted from Piper aduncum essential oil and its derivatives, has been shown to be a potential alternative to the control of Aedes aegypti, which has become resistant to synthetic insecticides. Methyl ether dillapiole (MED) and temephos (TM) were compared to complement the data on the genotoxicity and developmental changes of Ae. aegypti. Over four generations (G1–G4), third stage larvae were treated with MED at 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL and TM at 0.002, 0.005 and 0.007 μg/mL for 4 h. Adult females were separated to estimate oviposition and hatching rates, and total egg length. Over the four generations, a significant reduction was recorded in oviposition and hatching rates, and in mean egg length (Tukey, P < 0.05), compared with the negative control (NC). Cytological slide preparations were done from adult oocytes and larval neuroblasts. The cumulative effects of genotoxic (bridges, budding and nuclear fragmentation) and mutagenic (micronucleus and chromosomal breakage) damage was observed in the neuroblasts and oocytes of exposed mosquitoes. Developmental changes and damage to the genome of MED‐treated Ae. aegypti were greater than those caused by TM. Further studies should focus on understanding the effects of the MED molecule on Ae. aegypti.
Course of vitamin D levels before and after liver transplantation in pediatric patients
Authors: Yuksel Muhammed , Demir Bariş , Mizikoğlu Özlem , Akyildiz Murat , Baygul Arzu , Arikan Cigdem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground25‐hydroxy VD insufficiency is known in children undergoing LT but the serial post‐transplant VD course and supplementation modalities in the peri‐transplant period are lacking. We aimed to determine the pre‐VD status and the post‐transplant VD status course following VD supplementation and to elucidate its relationship with post‐transplant outcome parameters such as infection and survival.MethodsPre‐ and post‐VD levels were monitored in parallel with interventions to adjust VD levels in LT patients. VD status was categorized as circulating levels <30–21 ng/ml (insufficiency), 20–10 ng/ml (deficiency), and <10 ng/ml (severe deficiency). Patients received stoss (300000IU) VD3 within the pretransplant period if serum levels were <20 ng/ml.Results135 transplanted children were included. The age at LT was 22 months (IQR: 8–60). The pretransplant median VD level was 14 ng/ml. Despite stoss dose, post‐transplant median VD level was 1.8 ng/ml (day one), 4 ng/ml (week one), 19 ng/ml (month one), 33 ng/ml (month three), 38 ng/ml (months 6–12), and 40 ng/ml (month 24). After 6 months, VD status reached >30 ng/ml in 98% of patients. Only at pre‐LT, higher infection rate (18.7%) in the severe VD deficiency group was observed compared to the VD deficiency group (2.9%, p = .04). Survival was not affected by serum VD levels.ConclusionVD levels fell substantially after LT but are rectifiable by stoss dose, which was well tolerated. Only the infection rate was associated with the VD status.
The Battle Is Joined: Contemporary Art and Contested Memorial Ecologies
Authors: Bowman‐McElhone Amy , Fonder Carrie , Aiken Joshua , Olivier Karyn 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis article assesses contemporary artists whose creative practices operate within the contested space of memorial ecologies in order to frame monuments, heritage landscapes, and memorial ecologies within artistic discourses.MethodThrough interdisciplinary methodologies including artist interviews, art historical and humanities‐based analyses and artistic practice, this article assumes a hybrid form of scholarly essay, interview, and visual intervention.ResultThis article resulted in a collaborative project that critically examines public representations of memory narratives from an art historical lens, and functions as a creative text that visualizes slippages of narrative, form, and meaning paralleling the operations, gestures, and strategies of visual artists addressing monument discourses.ConclusionWe conclude that artists prompt critical and unexpected interrogations of monument discourses and memorial ecologies that serve to deconstruct, critique, and disrupt hegemonic narratives of these objects and relations, and work to construct new interpretative strategies and alternative models of understanding.
The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications
Authors: Donoso‐Quezada Javier , Ayala‐Mar Sergio , González‐Valdez José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles that in recent years have received special attention for their regulatory functions in numerous biological processes. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between the composition of exosomes in body fluids and the progression of some disorders, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In consequence, numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the composition of these vesicles, aiming to develop new biomarkers for diagnosis and to find novel therapeutic targets. On their part, lipids represent one of the most important components of exosomes, with important structural and regulatory functions during exosome biogenesis, release, targeting and cellular uptake. Therefore, exosome lipidomics has emerged as an innovative discipline for the discovery of novel lipid species with biomedical applications. This review summarizes the current knowledge about exosome lipids and their roles in exosome biology and intercellular communication. Furthermore, it presents the state‐of‐the‐art analytical procedures used in exosome lipidomics while emphasizing how this emerging discipline is providing new insights for future applications of exosome lipids in biomedicine.
Adverse Health Effects of Frailty: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Middle‐Aged and Older Adults With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Chu Wen , Chang Shu‐Fang , Ho Hsu‐Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundScholars have noted that frailty easily leads to functional deterioration and proneness to complications. Little literature addresses the stages of frailty in middle‐aged and older adults and the effects of frailty on overall health.AimsThis study explores the effect of different stages of frailty on the prospective health (falls, bone fractures, disability, dementia, hospitalization, and death) of middle‐aged and older adults. In addition, different frailty indicators were compared to determine their usefulness in predicting future adverse health outcomes.MethodsThe authors of this study separately reviewed and extracted data from the literature obtained while searching the following keywords: “frailty” OR “frail” and “fall” OR “disability” OR “fracture” OR “hospitalization” OR “mortality” OR “cognitive function” “dementia” OR “Alzheimer’s disease” and “middle‐aged people” OR “older people” OR “elderly” OR “geriatric” OR “senior.” The literature search was performed from January 2001 to November 2019 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Specifically, we performed a systematic literature search in multiple databases—Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library—and analyzed all obtained literature results using a random‐effects model.ResultsWe collected a total of 29 prospective studies for the systematic literature review and meta‐analysis. The main results indicated that the frail groups had significantly higher risks of adverse health effects (falls, bone fractures, disability, dementia, hospitalization, and death) than the robust or prefrail groups.Linking Evidence to ActionFrailty is a crucial healthcare topic among geriatric syndromes. Considering that older adults with frailty are most likely to develop severe adverse health outcomes, professional nursing personnel should assess frailty among middle‐aged and older adults and offer relevant care strategies to reduce the adverse effects of frailty in this population.