bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of exchanging drawings with peers on the happiness of children with cancer, aged 7–11 years: A clinical trial
Authors: Palvan Somayeh , Zareii Khadijah , Sadat Hoseini Akram Sadat , Haghani Hamid 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionImproving the mental status of children with cancer is part of nurses’ duties in planning nursing care and is achieved in different ways. This study attempts to combine drawing with peer interaction to improve the mental status of sick children and investigate the effect of exchanging drawings with peers on these children’s happiness.MethodThis clinical trial was conducted on a sample of 66 children with cancer, ages 7–11 years, who were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention was carried out over five weeks by the exchange of drawings between healthy children at school and children with cancer. Both groups of children drew one drawing each week. The children’s happiness was measured by the researcher before and after the intervention (i.e., week five) using a questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of happiness after the intervention. The happiness score was 3.15 ±0.34 in the control group and 3.02 ±0.3 in the intervention group before the intervention; afterwards, this score was 3.022± 0.22 among the controls and 3.11± 0.25 among the patients. The comparison of the two groups using the t-test showed P = 0.075 before the intervention and P = 0.11 after the intervention.ConclusionGiven the results obtained, future studies are recommended to administer lengthier interventions and enable the physical presence of healthy peers along sick children or to use the exchange of drawings with peers in combination with other psychological interventions so as to promote happiness in children with cancer.
Catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment after caesarean section in Sierra Leone: An evaluation of the free health care initiative
Authors: van Duinen Alex J. , Westendorp Josien , Ashley Thomas , Hagander Lars , Holmer Hampus , Koroma Alimamy P. , Leather Andrew J. M. , Shrime Mark G. , Wibe Arne , Bolkan Håkon A. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Utilizing surgical services, including caesarean sections, can result in catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment. In 2010, Sierra Leone introduced the Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI), a national financial risk protection program for the most vulnerable groups. Aim of this study was to investigate catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment related to caesarean section in Sierra Leone and evaluate the impact of the FHCI.

Methods
Women who delivered by caesarean section in nine hospitals were followed up with home visits one month after surgery, and data on medical and non-medical expenditures were collected. Individual income was estimated based on household characteristics and used to determine catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment for each patient. The impact of the FHCI was assessed by comparing actual expenditure with counterfactual expenditures had the initiative not existed.

Results
For the 1146 patients in the study, the median expenditure was 23 (IQR 4; 56) international dollars (Int$). Patients in the poorest quintile spent a median Int$ 59 (IQR 28; 76), which was significantly more than patients in the richest quintile, who spent a median Int$ 17 (IQR 2; 38, p<0.001). Travel (32.9%) and food (28.7%) were the two largest expenses. Catastrophic expenditure was encountered by 12.0% and 4.0% (10% and 25% threshold, respectively) of the women. Without the FHCI, 66.1% and 28.8% of the women would have encountered catastrophic expenditure.

Conclusion
Many women in Sierra Leone face catastrophic expenditure related to caesarean section, mainly through food and travel expenses, and the poor are disproportionally affected. The FHCI is effective in reducing the risk of catastrophic expenditure related to caesarean section, but many patients are still exposed to financial hardship, suggesting that additional support is needed for Sierra Leone’s poorest patients.
De-novo non-convulsive status epilepticus in adult medical inpatients without known epilepsy: Analysis of mortality related factors and literature review
Authors: García-Villafranca Alba , Barrera-López Lucía , Pose-Bar Marta , Pardellas-Santiago Elva , Montoya-Valdés Jonathan G. , Paez-Guillán Emilio , Novo-Veleiro Ignacio , Pose-Reino Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Background
Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) often goes unnoticed and is not easily detected in patients with a decreased level of consciousness, especially in older patients. In this sense, lack of data in this population is available.

Aims
The aim of the present study was to examine daily clinical practice and evaluate factors that may influence the prognosis of NCSE in non-epileptic medical inpatients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis including patients admitted by any cause in an Internal Medicine ward. All patients with compatible symptoms, exclusion of other causes, clinical suspicion or diagnosis of NCSE, and compatible EEG were included. Patients with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy were excluded. We also conducted a literature review by searching the PubMed/Medline database with the terms: Nonconvulsive Status OR Non-Convulsive Status.

Results
We included 54 patients, mortality rate reached 37% and the main factors linked to it were hypernatremia (OR = 16.2; 95% CI, 1.6–165.6; P = 0.019) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 6.7; 95% CI, 1.7–26; P = 0.006). There were no differences regarding mortality when comparing different diagnosis approach or treatment regimens. Our literature review showed that the main etiology of NCSE were neurovascular causes (17.8%), followed by antibiotic treatment (17.2%) and metabolic causes (17%). Global mortality in the literature review, excluding our series, reached 20%.

Discussion
We present the largest series of NCSE cases in medical patients, which showed that this entity is probably misdiagnosed in older patients and is linked to a high mortality.

Conclusion
The presence of atrial fibrillation and hypernatremia in patients diagnosed with NCSE should advise physicians of a high mortality risk.
Delta neutrophil index and shock index can stratify risk for the requirement for massive transfusion in patients with primary postpartum hemorrhage in the emergency department
Authors: Kong Taeyoung , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon So Young , You Je Sung , Lee Jong Wook , Chung Hyun Soo , Chung Sung Phil 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) constitutes a major risk for maternal mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the severity of PPH can be underestimated because it is difficult to accurately measure blood loss by visual estimation. The delta neutrophil index (DNI), which reflects circulating immature granulocytes, is automatically calculated in hematological analyzers. We evaluated the significance of the DNI in predicting hemorrhage severity based on the requirement for massive transfusion (MT) in patients with PPH.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from a prospective registry to evaluate the association between the DNI and MT. Moreover, we assessed the predictive ability of the combination of DNI and shock index (SI) for the requirement for MT. MT was defined as a transfusion of ≥10 units of red blood cells within 24 h of PPH. In total, 278 patients were enrolled in this study and 60 required MT.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression revealed that the DNI and SI were independent predictors of MT. The optimal cut-off values of ≥3.3% and ≥1.0 for the DNI and SI, respectively, were significantly associated with an increased risk of MT (DNI: positive likelihood ratio [PLR] 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–5.1 and negative likelihood ratio [NLR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.4–0.7; SI: PLR 3.21, 95% CI 2.4–4.2 and NLR 0.31, 95% CI 0.19–0.49). The optimal cut-off point for predicted probability was calculated for combining the DNI value and SI value with the equation derived from logistic regression analysis. Compared with DNI or SI alone, the combination of DNI and SI significantly improved the specificity, accuracy, and positive likelihood ratio of the MT risk.ConclusionThe DNI and SI can be routinely and easily measured in the ED without additional costs or time and can therefore, be considered suitable parameters for the early risk stratification of patients with primary PPH.
Treatment-seeking behaviour among people with opioid use disorder in the high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hall Natasha , Le Long , Majmudar Ishani , Teesson Maree , Mihalopoulos Cathy 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
To determine treatment seeking behaviour in those with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the high-income countries.

Methods
Five databases were searched in November 2019 for quantitative studies that reported OUD treatment seeking behaviour. Data analysis involved determining an overall pooled proportion estimate of treatment seeking behaviour for the two base groups, lifetime treatment and past 12-month or less treatment using the IVhet effect model. Subgroup analysis included heroin OUD, prescription OUD and general OUD. The sensitivity analysis included removal of outliers, separating adults and adolescents and the metaXL sensitivity analysis (studies are excluded if outside the pooled proportion confidence interval of the base case). Systematic review Prospero database registration number [CRD42020159531].

Results
There were 13 quantitative studies included in the systematic review, with all studies being from the United States of America (USA). IVhet models showed that 40% (95% CI: 23%, 58%) and 21% (95% CI: 16%, 26%) sought treatment in their lifetime and past 12 months respectively. Sub-group analysis found that lifetime treatment seeking for prescription OUD, 29% (95% CI: 27%, 31%), was less than for heroin plus combined OUD, 54% (95% CI: 26%, 82%). Most of the pooled results had high heterogeneity statistics except for results of lifetime treatment seeking for prescription OUD and past 12-month treatment seeking for prescription OUD.

Conclusion
All included studies in this meta-analysis were from the USA and indicate modest levels of treatment seeking for those with OUD. In particular, this review found that in the USA one in five people with OUD sought OUD treatment in the previous 12 months and two in five people with OUD sought OUD treatment in their lifetime. Further research is urgently required to explore the barriers and facilitators that can improve this low treatment seeking in those with OUD.
Comparison of clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization in single-tooth implants of the esthetic area: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Jianyong , Mao Chunmei , Xu Jie , He Yanting , Zhang Kaiqi , Cui Jun 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundImmediately placed implants with immediate provisionalization have become attractive options for patients and clinicians. However, there is no agreement on the esthetic advantages of immediately placed implants with immediate provisionalization. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to assess the effect of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants in a single-tooth implant of the esthetic area.MethodsAn electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.org., Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wan Fang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), and VIP Science Technology Periodical Database will be performed. The search will be carried out in the databases for articles published until May 2021. Two researchers will independently perform the literature selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the impact of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of implants immediately placed in a single-tooth implant of the aesthetic area will be included. The primary outcome of this study will be the esthetic outcome assessed by the objective index and patient satisfaction. The survival rate of implants and restorations and the changes in mucosa and bone around implants will also be analyzed. The included studies will be analyzed by Review Manager 5.3, and a meta-analysis will be performed.ResultsThe study will evaluate the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization in single-tooth implants of the esthetic area. The results will provide clinicians with a better treatment approach in their application.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis will provide more reliable, evidence-based data for the impact of immediate provisionalization on the clinical esthetic outcomes of immediately placed implants, which may or may not be beneficial.Registration numberPROSPERO registration number:CRD42021221669.
Evaluation of biocompatibility of veneered Bio HPP and veneered lithium disilicate crowns in anterior zone (Randomized controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Odeh Esra'a , Alansary Hesham , Naguib Ahmed , Taymour Maha 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Evaluation of the biocompatibility of Bio-High Performance Polymer (Bio HPP) crowns veneered with Visio-Ling versus e.max crowns veneered with e.max veneering system. Material and Methods: 42 full-coverage crowns were fabricated for maxillary anterior teeth. A swap was obtained using a sterile paper cone to determine bacterial count and type. Pocket depth (PD) was determined using a William Periodontal probe. Measurements were repeated after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months respectively. Patients were randomly divided into: Group A fabricated from IPS e.max crowns and Group B fabricated from Bio HPP crowns. The preparations were standardized with an equi-gingival, finish line. Fisher’s test was used to compare between the two groups. The significance level was set at P 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with Windows, Version 23.0. (IBM SPSS Statistics) Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: Bio HPP and e.max showed no statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing and PD except after 9and 12 months; Bio HPP showed statistically significantly higher PD than e.max (P-value = 0.027, Effect size = 0.245) and (P-value = 0.011, Effect size = 0.310), respectively. Fisher’s test showed there was no statistically significant difference between total bacterial counts and the type of the two materials. Conclusion: Both e.max and Bio HPP crowns revealed successful biological behavior. No significant difference between the materials regarding the bacterial count and type as well as the pocket depth, however after 9 and 12 months, Bio HPP showed a higher significant difference PD than e.max.
Keywords
Biocompatibility; Bio HPP; e.max; Pocket depth; Bacteria.
Liquid Biopsy in Gastric Cancer: Analysis of Somatic Cancer Tissue Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA for Predicting Disease State and Patient Survival
Authors: Varkalaite Greta , Forster Michael , Franke Andre , Kupcinskas Juozas , Skieceviciene Jurgita 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis in late stages and high mortality rates are the main issues that require new noninvasive molecular tools. We aimed to assess somatic mutational profiles in GC tissue and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), evaluate their concordance rate, and analyze the role of multilayer molecular profiling to predict disease state and prognosis.

Methods:
Treatment-naive GC patient group (n = 29) was selected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of GC tissue was performed, and a unique 38-gene panel for deep targeted sequencing of plasma cfDNA was developed. Oncoproteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other variables such as tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability were evaluated using WES data.

Results:
The yield of cfDNA was increased 43.6-fold; the integrity of fragments was decreased in GC compared with controls. WES analysis of cancerous tissue and plasma cfDNA (targeted sequencing) mutational profiles revealed 47.8% concordance. The increased quantity of GC tissue–derived alterations detected in cfDNA was associated with worse patients' survival. Analysis of importance of multilayer variables and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that combination of 2 analytes: (i) quantity of tissue matching alterations and (ii) presence of any somatic alteration in plasma cfDNA resulted in area under curve 0.744 when discriminating patients with or without distant metastasis. Furthermore, cfDNA sequence alterations derived from tumor tissue were detected in patients who had even relatively small GC tumors (T1-T2).

Discussion:
Our results indicate that quantitative and qualitative cfDNA mutational profile analysis is a promising tool for evaluating GC disease status or poorer prognosis.
Sharp Trudinger–Moser Inequality and Ground State Solutions to Quasi-Linear Schrödinger Equations with Degenerate Potentials in ℝ
n
Authors: Chen Lu , Lu Guozhen , Zhu Maochun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of ground-state solutions to a class of Schrödinger equations with critical exponential growth involving the nonnegative, possibly degenerate, potential V:

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

n
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

n
-
2

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

.

-\operatorname{div}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n-2}\nabla u)+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n-% 2}u=f(u).

To this end, we first need to prove a sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

under the constraint

∫

ℝ
n

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

n

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

n

)

⁢

𝑑
x

≤
1

.

\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}(\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{n}+V(x)\lvert u\rvert^{n})\,dx\leq 1.

This is proved without using the technique of blow-up analysis or symmetrization argument. As far as what has been studied in the literature, having a positive lower bound has become a standard assumption on the potential

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

in dealing with the existence of solutions to the above Schrödinger equation. Since

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

is allowed to vanish on an open set in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, the loss of a positive lower bound of the potential

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

makes this problem become fairly nontrivial. Our method to prove the Trudinger–Moser inequality in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

(see [L. Chen, G. Lu and M. Zhu, A critical Trudinger–Moser inequality involving a degenerate potential and nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Sci. China Math. 64 2021, 7, 1391–1410]) does not apply to this higher-dimensional case

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

for

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

here. To obtain the existence of a ground state solution, we use a non-symmetric argument to exclude the possibilities of vanishing and dichotomy cases of the minimizing sequence in the Nehari manifold. This argument is much simpler than the one used in dimension two where we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

{-\Delta u+Vu=f(u)}

with a degenerate potential V in

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

.
Sharp Blow-Up Profiles of Positive Solutions for a Class of Semilinear Elliptic Problems
Authors: Li Wan-Tong , López-Gómez Julián , Sun Jian-Wen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the behavior of the positive solution

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

of the perturbed problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

λ
⁢
m
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

-

[

a
ε

⁢

(
x
)

+

b
ε

⁢

(
x
)

]

⁢

u
p

=
0

in

⁢
Ω

,

B
⁢
u

=
0

on

⁢

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}{-\Delta u}&\displaystyle=\lambda m(x)u-% [a_{\varepsilon}(x)+b_{\varepsilon}(x)]u^{p}=0&&\displaystyle\text{in}\ \Omega% ,\\ \displaystyle Bu&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\text{on}\ \partial\Omega,\end{% aligned}\right.

as

ε
↓
0

{\varepsilon\downarrow 0}

, where

a
ε

⁢

(
x
)

≈

ε
α

⁢
a
⁢

(
x
)

{a_{\varepsilon}(x)\approx\varepsilon^{\alpha}a(x)}

and

b
ε

⁢

(
x
)

≈

ε
β

⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

{b_{\varepsilon}(x)\approx\varepsilon^{\beta}b(x)}

for some

α
≥
0

{\alpha\geq 0}

and

β
≥
0

{\beta\geq 0}

, and some Hölder continuous functions

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

and

b
⁢

(
x
)

{b(x)}

such that

a
⪈
0

{a\gneq 0}

(i.e.,

a
≥
0

{a\geq 0}

and

a
≢
0

{a\not\equiv 0}

) and

min

Ω
¯

⁡
b

>
0

{\min_{\bar{\Omega}}b>0}

. The most intriguing and interesting case arises when

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

degenerates, in the sense that

Ω
0

≡

int
⁡

a

-
1

⁢

(
0
)

{\Omega_{0}\equiv\operatorname{int}a^{-1}(0)}

is a non-empty smooth open subdomain of Ω, as in this case a “blow-up” phenomenon appears due to the spatial degeneracy of

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

for sufficiently large λ. In all these cases, the asymptotic behavior of

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

will be characterized according to the several admissible values of the parameters α and β. Our study reveals that there may exist two different blow-up speeds for

θ
ε

{\theta_{\varepsilon}}

in the degenerate case.
High-power ultrafast fiber lasers for materials processing
Authors: Eidam Tino , Breitkopf Sven , Herrfurth Oliver , Stutzki Fabian , Kienel Marco , Hädrich Steffen , Gaida Christian , Limpert Jens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
State-of-the-art fiber-laser systems can deliver femtosecond pulses at average powers beyond the kilowatt level and multi-mJ pulse energies by employing advanced large-mode-area fiber designs, chirped-pulse amplification, and the coherent combination of parallel fiber amplifiers. By using sophisticated coherent phase control, one or even several output ports can be modulated at virtually arbitrary power levels and switching speeds. In addition, an all-fiber setup for GHz-burst generation is described allowing to access an even wider range of laser parameters. The combination of all these approaches together with the robustness, efficiency, and excellent beam quality inherent to fiber-laser technology has the potential to strongly improve existing materials-processing applications.
A Totally Relaxed, Self-Adaptive Subgradient Extragradient Method for Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems in a Banach Space
Authors: Jolaoso Lateef Olakunle , Taiwo Adeolu , Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Dong Qiao-Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a Totally Relaxed Self-adaptive Subgradient Extragradient Method (TRSSEM) with Halpern iterative scheme for finding a common solution of a Variational Inequality Problem (VIP) and the fixed point of quasi-nonexpansive mapping in a 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space.
The TRSSEM does not require the computation of projection onto the feasible set of the VIP; instead, it uses a projection onto a finite intersection of sub-level sets of convex functions.
The advantage of this is that any general convex feasible set can be involved in the VIP.
We also introduce a modified TRSSEM which involves the projection onto the set of a convex combination of some convex functions.
Under some mild conditions, we prove a strong convergence theorem for our algorithm and also present an application of our theorem to the approximation of a solution of nonlinear integral equations of Hammerstein’s type.
Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of our method as well as comparing it with some related methods in the literature.
Our algorithm is simple and easy to implement for computation.