bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Korea
Authors: Jang H.C. , Cho N.H. , Jung K.B. , Oh K.S. , Dooley S.L. , Metzger B.E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To examine the effect of clinical characteristics on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to find the most effective screening program for GDM in Korea. Methods: Universal screening with a 50‐g glucose load at 24–28 weeks' gestation, as recommended by the Third International Workshop‐Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, was carried out among 3581 consecutive Korean women. Women with a 1‐h plasma glucose ≥ 130 mg/dl underwent a 3‐h 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test. The women's clinical characteristics and risk factors for GDM were recorded at the time of the screening test. Results: The overall prevalence of GDM in Korean women was 2.2 cases/100. Although only 1.3% of this population was obese, the prevalence of GDM was found to be significantly increased with increasing body mass index. When 135 mg/dl is used as a threshold, the number of women requiring a diagnostic test decreases to 19.5%, enabling identification of 98.8% of women with GDM. Conclusion: Universal screening using 135 mg/dl as a threshold and early screening of those with two or more risk factors represent the most effective paradigm for Korea.
Simple ovarian cysts in premenopausal patients
Authors: Gerber B. , Müller H. , Külz T. , Krause A. , Reimer T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare clinical, ultrasonographical, and cytological findings with the histopathological diagnosis of unilocular, anechoic smooth‐walled cystic ovarian tumors (‘simple ovarian cysts’). Method: In 140 premenopausal women simple ovarian cysts were removed by laparoscopy following ultrasound evaluation. In this retrospective study the histopathological diagnosis was correlated with clinical data, sonographic characteristics, macroscopic impression and with cytological findings. Results: Histopathology revealed 21 (15.0%) functional cysts, 31 (22.1%) retention cysts, 9 (6.4%) endometriomas, 3 (2.1%) cystic teratomas, 12 (8.6%) undifferentiated cysts and 64 (45.7%) cystadenomas. No mentionable differences were correlated with the patient's age or the size of the cyst as determined by ultrasound. Classically, ‘chocolate‐like’ cystic fluid characterizes endometriomas. However, in the present study cysts with different histopathological classifications exhibited similar fluid characteristics. The cytological diagnosis was correct in only 53 (37.9%) of all 140 cases. Conclusion: In premenopausal women differential diagnosis of ovarian cysts is not possible by clinical characterization, either by ultrasound or cytological evaluation. Simple ovarian cysts should be observed for at least 8 weeks or 2 menstrual cycles, respectively. If persisting over that period, the ovarian cyst should be removed by laparoscopy, but not by cyst aspiration.
Sonomorphology of endometriotic cysts
Authors: Suren A , Osmers R , Dietrich M , Kulenkampff D , Kuhn W 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate prospectively the sonomorphological feature of histologically verified endometriotic cysts. Methods: Transvaginal sonography was performed in 122 patients. Age distribution of the patients, and size and sonomorphology of the lesions were analyzed. Results: Eighty‐one percent of the endometriotic cysts occurred in patients between 31 and 50 years old with a peak of 29% between 31 and 35 years. Most of the cysts (81%) ranged between 30 and 59 mm in diameter. Forty‐three percent of the endometriotic cysts were observed as monolocular cysts with internal echoes. More than half of the findings were observed to be multilocular, partially without any internal echos, partially even with solid parts or purely solid. Conclusion: The so‐called ‘typically’ monolocular smooth‐walled endometriotic cyst with internal echoes was only found in 43% of the cases. However, data from the literature show that one cannot assume even this special entity to represent endometriomas. Regarding all monolocular cysts with homogeneous internal echoes, one has to be aware of a great amount of functional cysts and a non‐calculable residual risk of malignancy.
Stress analysis of the distal locking screws for femoral interlocking nailing
Authors: Lin Jinn , Lin Son‐Jyh , Chen Po‐Quang , Yang Shu‐Hua 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn femoral locked nailing, the distal locking screws are vulnerable to mechanical failure. Biomechanical studies have shown that the stress on these screws is substantially affected by the fit of the nail in the medullary canal. In this study, a “closed form” mathematical model based on elastic beam‐column theory was developed to investigate how the nail‐cortical contact, which was simulated by a linear elastic foundation, affected the stress on the distal locking screws. Providing data for the model was a construct of a fractured femur with an intramedullary locked nail loaded by an eccentric vertical load. The stress on the locking screw was analyzed as a function of the distance from the fracture to the locking screw in the distal fragment under two situations: with and without nail‐cortical contact in the distal fragment. With nail‐cortical contact, the screw stress decreased as the length of nail‐cortical contact and the distance between the distal locking screw and the fracture site increased, but this stress contrarily increased when the nail reached the femoral region at which the screw length increased. The screw stress was much higher without nail‐cortical contact than with contact and continued to increase as the nail was inserted further. The mathematical model developed here can be a convenient means of rapid stress evaluation and parametric analysis for locked femoral nailing. It may be used to improve the design of interlocking nails and surgical technique. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synaptophysin immunoreactivity in spinal white matter of young adult rats
Authors: Gilmore Shirley Ann , Sims Terry J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPatterns of synaptophysin immunoreactivity were examined in the ventral and lateral funiculi of rat lumbosacral spinal cords. In normal young adults, dendrites from neurons in the spinal gray matter extended into the ventral and lateral white matter as finger‐like projections, immunopositive for synaptophysin. These projections appeared to diminish in size as they extended peripherally and, in general, did not reach the surface of the spinal cord, so that the outer one‐third to one‐fourth of the funiculi contained little or no immunoreactivity. The spinal cords of some of the animals studied were X‐irradiated on the third postnatal day. When examined 6 weeks to 5 months later, the pattern of synaptophysin immunoreactivity was found to be markedly altered in these animals. In general, the synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the white matter was less organized than in the non‐irradiated rat. As a result, the finger‐like projections, particularly into the lateral funiculi, were not as distinct, and the immunoreactivity appeared to be more diffusely distributed in the white matter. Further, the immunoreactivity was present throughout the thickness of the white matter in the irradiated animals and subpial concentrations were evident, especially along the lateral aspect of the spinal cord. Ultrastructural evaluation of the synaptic profiles revealed no differences between irradiated and non‐irradiated animals. The synapses occurred on both the shafts of the dendrites and on the spines. In general, both dendrites and axon terminals were covered by astrocyte processes except at synaptic sites, and the synaptic complexes were surrounded by astrocyte processes. Although the mechanisms underlying the altered pattern of synaptophysin immunoreactivity are not yet understood, they may be related to radiation‐induced effects on the glial populations previously reported by the investigators and/or to radiation‐induced alterations in reorganization or maturation of dendritic trees.
Effects of prenatal ionizing irradiation on the development of the ganglion cell layer of the mouse retina
Authors: Schmidt Sergio L. , Vitral Renan W.F. , Linden Rafael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrenatal exposure to ionizing irradiation has been shown to be an effective method to eliminate selectively certain neuronal population. This investigation studied the effects on the ganglion cell layer of the retinae of adult mice exposed to a γ source (total dose=3 Gy) at 16 days gestation. There was a significant reduction in the total number of neurons (displaced amacrine+ganglion cells) in the ganglion cell layer (33%) that was mainly caused by a pronounced loss (59%) of displaced amacrine cells. The diameters of the surviving retinal ganglion cells were consistently larger than those of the controls. Prenatal irradiation is the first experimental approach that partially eliminates displaced amacrine cells. It is suggested that the morphogenesis of retinal ganglion cells may be affected by displaced amacrine cells.
School setting and teaching experience as risk factors for depressive symptoms in teachers
Authors: Jurado D , Gurpegui M , Moreno O , de Dios Luna J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA representative sample of teachers working at the primary or secondary grade level in both public and private schools answered an anonymous questionnaire on sociodemographic information and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression (CES-D). The teachers were classified as depressed when they scored ≥ 16 on the CES-D; 27.5% of the subjects were above this cut-off score. Logistic regression was used to calculate a multivariate model with the variables school ownership, grade level and teaching experience. Working in a public school, teaching at the primary level and longer teaching experience all increased the risk of depressive symptomatology.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROMOTION IN KOSOVO
Authors: Heymann Michele 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTRelief agencies that specialize in postwar emergency relief and then work to contribute to sustainable development as the crisis ends are increasingly recognizing the positive impact of midwifery care and training on reproductive health outcomes. Midwives are finding work and developing new roles in postwar reconstruction and refugee health care. This article describes the experiences of a nurse‐midwife who worked for Mercy Corps International in Kosovo and launched the Kosovo Women's Health Promotion Project. A short history of the conflict in Kosovo, the effects of the war on its people and the health care system, a description of women's health care, and the status of women in Kosovo are included.
Pharmacokinetic and prognostic significance of intestinal MDR1 expression in recipients of living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Hashida Tohru , Masuda Satohiro , Uemoto Shinji , Saito Hideyuki , Tanaka Koichi , Inui Ken‐ichi 
Published: July 2002

BackgroundLiving‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus have been cornerstones in the recovery of patients from end‐stage liver failure, but there has been no critical dosage regimen for tacrolimus therapy, especially the initial dosage. In this study, we examined whether the absorptive barriers, multidrug resistance protein (MDR1), or cytochrome P450 IIIA4 (CYP3A4) are important pharmacokinetic factors for tacrolimus and are prognostic indicators for LDLT outcome.MethodsWe used competitive polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of MDRL And Cyp3A4 in mucosal cells of the upper jejunum from a part of the Rroux‐en‐Y limb for biliary reconstruction during LDLT of recipients (n = 48). The tacrolimus dosage was started at an oral dose of 0.075 mg/kg every 12 hours and adjusted on the basis of its whole‐blood trough level by use of a semiautomated microparticle enzyme immunoassay.ResultsThe mRNA expression level of MDR1 (r = −0.776), but not CYP3A4 (r = −0.094), was inversely related to the concentration/dose ratio of tacrolimus. High levels of MDR1, but not CYP3A4, were strongly associated with reductions in survival rates after LDLT with the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank statistics (P = .020 and P = .135, respectively). With use of a Cox regression procedure, high levels of MDR1 (relative risk, 12.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.64–103.23), but not CYP3A4 (relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.00) appeared to be a significant prognostic indicator for poor survival.ConclusionsIntestinal MDR1 is not only a good probe with which to predict the interindividual variation in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics after LDLT but also a powerful prognostic indicator for the outcome of LDLT.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 308–316; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115142
Recurrence of an early postzygotic rescue of an inherited unbalanced translocation resulting in mosaic segmental uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11q in siblings
Authors: Blanluet Maud , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Chambon Pascal , Cassinari Kévin , Vera Gabriella , Goldenberg Alice , Keren Boris , Le Meur Nathalie , Hannequin Didier , Mace Bertrand , Siffroi Jean‐Pierre , Frebourg Thierry , Nicolas Gaël , Joly‐Helas Géraldine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBalanced translocations are associated with a risk of transmission of unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements in the offspring. Such inherited chromosomal abnormalities are typically non‐mosaic as they are present in the germline. We report the recurrence in two siblings of a mosaicism for a chromosomal rearrangement inherited from their asymptomatic father who carried a balanced t(2;11)(q35;q25) translocation. Both siblings exhibited a similar phenotype including intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, kyphoscoliosis, and cervical spinal stenosis. Karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and SNP array analysis of blood lymphocytes of both siblings identified two cell lines: one carrying a 2q35q37.3 duplication and a 11q25qter deletion (~90% cells), and one carrying an 11q uniparental isodisomy of maternal origin (~10% cells). We hypothesize that these mosaics were related to a postzygotic rescue mechanism which unexpectedly recurred in both siblings.
One‐Shot Intrablock Cross‐Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus‐Shaped Single‐Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Watanabe Kodai , Kaizawa Noya , Ree Brian J. , Yamamoto Takuya , Tajima Kenji , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping an efficient and versatile process to transform a single linear polymer chain into a shape‐defined nanoobject is a major challenge in the fields of chemistry and nanotechnology to replicate sophisticated biological functions of proteins and nucleic acids in a synthetic polymer system. In this study, we performed one‐shot intrablock cross‐linking of linear block copolymers (BCPs) to realize single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with two chemically compartmentalized domains (Janus‐shaped SCNPs). Detailed structural characterizations of the Janus‐shaped SCNP composed of polystyrene‐block‐poly(glycolic acid) revealed its compactly folded conformation and compartmentalized block localization, similar to the self‐folded tertiary structures of natural proteins. Versatility of the one‐shot intrablock cross‐linking was demonstrated using several different BCP precursors. In addition, the Janus‐shaped SCNP produce miniscule microphase‐separated structures.
Cryo‐electron Microscopy Imaging of Alzheimer's Amyloid‐beta 42 Oligomer Displayed on a Functionally and Structurally Relevant Scaffold
Authors: Wu Jinming , Blum Thorsten B. , Farrell Daniel P , DiMaio Frank , Abrahams Jan Pieter , Luo Jinghui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) oligomers are pathogenic species of amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer's disease. Like certain protein toxins, Aβ oligomers permeabilize cellular membranes, presumably through a pore formation mechanism. Owing to their structural and stoichiometric heterogeneity, the structure of these pores remains to be characterized. We studied a functional Aβ42‐pore equivalent, created by fusing Aβ42 to the oligomerizing, soluble domain of the α‐hemolysin (αHL) toxin. Our data reveal Aβ42‐αHL oligomers to share major structural, functional, and biological properties with wild‐type Aβ42‐pores. Single‐particle cryo‐EM analysis of Aβ42‐αHL oligomers (with an overall 3.3 Å resolution) reveals the Aβ42‐pore region to be intrinsically flexible. The Aβ42‐αHL oligomers will allow many of the features of the wild‐type amyloid oligomers to be studied that cannot be otherwise, and may be a highly specific antigen for the development of immuno‐base diagnostics and therapies.
Generation of Diazomethyl Radicals by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction and Their Cycloaddition with Alkenes
Authors: Su Yong‐Liang , Dong Kuiyong , Zheng Haifeng , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA general catalytic methodology for the synthesis of pyrazolines from α‐diazo compounds and conjugated alkenes is reported. The direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of α‐diazo compounds promoted by the tert‐butylperoxy radical generates electrophilic diazomethyl radicals, thereby reversing the reactivity of the carbon atom attached with the diazo group. The regiocontrolled addition of diazomethyl radicals to carbon‐carbon double bonds followed by intramolecular ring closure on the terminal diazo nitrogen and tautomerization affords a diverse set of pyrazolines in good yields with excellent regioselectivity. This strategy overcomes the limitations of electron‐deficient alkenes in traditional dipolar [3+2]‐cycloaddition of α‐diazo compounds with alkenes. Furthermore, the straightforward formation of the diazomethyl radicals provides umpolung reactivity, thus opening new opportunities for the versatile transformations of diazo compounds.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Shows Modafinil, A Student Study Drug, Changes the Lipid Composition of the Fly Brain
Authors: Philipsen Mai H. , Ranjbari Elias , Gu Chaoyi , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModafinil, a widely used psychoactive drug, has been shown to exert a positive impact on cognition and is used to treat sleep disorders and hyperactivity. Using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging, we studied the changes of brain lipids of Drosophila melanogaster induced by modafinil to gain insight into the functional mechanism of modafinil in the brain. We found that upon modafinil treatment, the abundance of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species in the central brain of Drosophila is significantly decreased, whereas the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol in the brains show significant enhancement compared to the control flies. The alteration of brain lipids caused by modafinil is consistent with previous studies about cognition‐related drugs and offers a plausible mechanism regarding the action of modafinil in the brain as well as a potential target for the treatment of certain disorders.
FMRF‐NH2‐relatedneuropeptides inBiomphalariaspp., intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis: Precursor organization and immunohistochemical localization
Authors: Rolón‐Martínez Solymar , Habib Mohamed R. , Mansour Tamer A. , Díaz‐Ríos Manuel , Rosenthal Joshua J. C. , Zhou Xiao‐Nong , Croll Roger P. , Miller Mark W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFreshwater snails of the genusBiomphalariaserve as intermediate hosts for the digenetic trematodeSchistosoma mansoni, the etiological agent for the most widespread form of intestinal schistosomiasis. As neuropeptide signaling in host snails can be altered by trematode infection, a neural transcriptomics approach was undertaken to identify peptide precursors inBiomphalaria glabrata, the major intermediate host forS.mansoniin the Western Hemisphere. Three transcripts that encode peptides belonging to the FMRF‐NH2‐related peptide (FaRP) family were identified inB.glabrata. One transcript encoded a precursor polypeptide (Bgl‐FaRP1; 292 amino acids) that included eight copies of the tetrapeptide FMRF‐NH2and single copies of FIRF‐NH2, FLRF‐NH2, and pQFYRI‐NH2. The second transcript encoded a precursor (Bgl‐FaRP2;347amino acids) that comprised 14 copies of the heptapeptide GDPFLRF‐NH2and 1 copy of SKPYMRF‐NH2. The precursor encoded by the third transcript (Bgl‐FaRP3; 287 amino acids) recapitulatedBgl‐FaRP2but lacked the full SKPYMRF‐NH2peptide. The three precursors shared a common signal peptide, suggesting a genomic organization described previously in gastropods. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on the nervous systems ofB.glabrataandB.alexandrina, a major intermediate host forS.mansoniin Egypt. FMRF‐NH2‐like immunoreactive (FMRF‐NH2‐li) neurons were located in regions of the central nervous system associated with reproduction, feeding, and cardiorespiration. Antisera raised against non‐FMRF‐NH2peptides present in the tetrapeptide and heptapeptide precursors labeled independent subsets of the FMRF‐NH2‐li neurons. This study supports the participation of FMRF‐NH2‐related neuropeptides in the regulation of vital physiological and behavioral systems that are altered by parasitism inBiomphalaria.
Effects of a Tridentate Pincer Ligand on Parahydrogen Induced Polarization
Authors: Muhammad Safiyah R. , Nugent Joseph W. , Greer Rianna B. , Lee Brian C. , Mahmoud Jumanah , Ramirez Steven B. , Goodson Boyd. M. , Fout Alison R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe role of ligands in rhodium‐ and iridium‐catalyzed Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) and SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) chemistry has been studied in the benchmark systems, [Rh(diene)(diphos)]+ and [Ir(NHC)(sub)3(H)2]+, and shown to have a great impact on the degree of hyperpolarization observed. Here, we examine the role of the flanking moieties in the electron‐rich monoanionic bis(carbene) aryl pincer ligand, ArCCC (Ar=Dipp, 2,6‐diisopropyl or Mes, 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) on the cobalt‐catalyzed PHIP and PHIP‐IE (PHIP via Insertion and Elimination) chemistry that we have previously reported. The mesityl groups were exchanged for diisopropylphenyl groups to generate the (DippCCC)Co(N2) catalyst, which resulted in faster hydrogenation and up to 390‐fold 1H signal enhancements, larger than that of the (MesCCC)Co‐py (py=pyridine) catalyst. Additionally, the synthesis of the (DippCCC)Rh(N2) complex is reported and applied towards the hydrogenation of ethyl acrylate with parahydrogen to generate modest signal enhancements of both 1H and 13C nuclei. Lastly, the generation of two (MesCCC)Ir complexes is presented and applied towards SABRE and PHIP‐IE chemistry to only yield small 1H signal enhancements of the partially hydrogenated product (PHIP) with no SABRE hyperpolarization.
Direct Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane over Ceria‐ and Alumina‐Supported Nickel Catalysts for Biogas Valorization
Authors: Gac Wojciech , Zawadzki Witold , Rotko Marek , Greluk Magdalena , Słowik Grzegorz , Pennemann Helmut , Neuberg Stefan , Zapf Ralf , Kolb Gunther 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDirect methanation of CO2 over ceria‐ and alumina‐supported nickel catalysts in the feed stream containing methane and traces of H2S is reported. Stability tests for 20 h at 350 and 600 °C with a packed‐bed reactor showed high resistance of the catalysts to sintering processes. Higher conversion at 350 °C was observed for ceria supported nickel catalyst. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that CO2 contained in biogas can be converted to methane without carbon formation under specific reaction conditions. An introduction of CH4 to CO2−H2 feed stream led to the decrease in CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. An introduction of the trace amounts of H2S into the feed stream led to the fast drop of CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity; higher durability (20 %) was observed for Al2O3 than CeO2 supported catalysts. An improved performance of catalysts coated onto high‐pressure microchannel microreactors for the direct CO2 methanation reaction applying model biogas mixture was demonstrated.