bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The maximum number of induced C5's in a planar graph
Authors: Ghosh Debarun , Győri Ervin , Janzer Oliver , Paulos Addisu , Salia Nika , Zamora Oscar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFinding the maximum number of induced cycles of length in a graph on vertices has been one of the most intriguing open problems of Extremal Graph Theory. Recently Balogh, Hu, Lidický and Pfender answered the question in the case . In this paper we determine precisely, for all sufficiently large , the maximum number of induced 5‐cycles that an ‐vertex planar graph can contain.
Dynamic changes in human single-cell transcriptional signatures during fatal sepsis
Authors: Qiu Xinru , Li Jiang , Bonenfant Jeff , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Mittal Aarti , Klein Walter , Godzik Adam , Nair Meera G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystemic infections, especially in patients with chronic diseases, may result in sepsis: an explosive, uncoordinated immune response that can lead to multisystem organ failure with a high mortality rate. Patients with similar clinical phenotypes or sepsis biomarker expression upon diagnosis may have different outcomes, suggesting that the dynamics of sepsis is critical in disease progression. A within-subject study of patients with Gram-negative bacterial sepsis with surviving and fatal outcomes was designed and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected during the critical period between sepsis diagnosis and 6 h were performed. The single-cell observations in the study are consistent with trends from public datasets but also identify dynamic effects in individual cell subsets that change within hours. It is shown that platelet and erythroid precursor responses are drivers of fatal sepsis, with transcriptional signatures that are shared with severe COVID-19 disease. It is also shown that hypoxic stress is a driving factor in immune and metabolic dysfunction of monocytes and erythroid precursors. Last, the data support CD52 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for sepsis as its expression dynamically increases in lymphocytes and correlates with improved sepsis outcomes. In conclusion, this study describes the first single-cell study that analyzed short-term temporal changes in the immune cell populations and their characteristics in surviving or fatal sepsis. Tracking temporal expression changes in specific cell types could lead to more accurate predictions of sepsis outcomes and identify molecular biomarkers and pathways that could be therapeutically controlled to improve the sepsis trajectory toward better outcomes.
Do high‐dose corticosteroids improve outcomes in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients?
Authors: Kumar Gagan , Patel Dhaval , Hererra Martin , Jefferies David , Sakhuja Ankit , Meersman Mark , Dalton Drew , Nanchal Rahul , Guddati Achuta Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is characterized by dysregulated hyperimmune response and steroids have been shown to decrease mortality. However, whether higher dosing of steroids results in better outcomes has been debated. This was a retrospective observation of COVID‐19 admissions between March 1, 2020, and March 10, 2021. Adult patients (≥18 years) who received more than 10 mg daily methylprednisolone equivalent dosing (MED) within the first 14 days were included. We excluded patients who were discharged or died within 7 days of admission. We compared the standard dose of steroids (<40 mg MED) versus the high dose of steroids (>40 mg MED). Inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) was used to examine whether higher dose steroids resulted in improved outcomes. The outcomes studied were in‐hospital mortality, rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), hospital‐associated infections (HAI), and readmissions. Of the 1379 patients meeting study criteria, 506 received less than 40 mg of MED (median dose 30 mg MED) and 873 received more than or equal to 40 mg of MED (median dose 78 mg MED). Unadjusted in‐hospital mortality was higher in patients who received high‐dose corticosteroids (40.7% vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001). On IPWRA, the use of high‐dose corticosteroids was associated with higher odds of death (odds ratio [OR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.14, p < 0.001) but not with the development of HAI, readmissions, or requirement of IMV. High‐dose corticosteroids were associated with lower rates of AKI requiring hemodialysis (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.18–0.63). In COVID‐19, corticosteroids more than or equal to 40 mg MED were associated with higher in‐hospital mortality.
Wooden‐based materials: Eco‐friendly materials for direct mass spectrometric analysis and microextraction
Authors: Millán‐Santiago Jaime , Lucena Rafael , Cárdenas Soledad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLignocellulosic materials have arisen as a sustainable alternative in microextraction techniques during the last 10 years. As they are natural materials, their use fits into some of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. Their inherent porosity, narrow shape, and rigidity permit their use in ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques. In particular, the combination of wooden‐based materials and direct analysis gives birth to the so‐called wooden‐tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique. This approach has been used for the direct analysis of complex samples, and as a streamlined tool for fingerprint quality analysis. Also, wooden‐based materials can be superficially modified to boost the interaction with target compounds, allowing their isolation from complex samples. This review describes the potential and applicability of direct analysis using lignocellulosic materials, as well as other alternatives related to their use in microextraction.
Upregulation of long non‐coding RNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcription is correlated with coronary artery stenosis and elevated inflammation in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
Authors: Yan Zhi‐Sheng , Zhang Nian‐Cai , Li Kun , Sun Hai‐Xia , Dai Xiao‐Mei , Liu Gao‐Li 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is a chronic disease caused by multiple risk factors. Aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been regarded as an independent risk factor of CAD. This study evaluated lncRNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcription (MIAT) expression in CAD patients and its clinical significance. Totally, 155 CAD patients and 76 non‐CAD controls were enrolled. MIAT expression was detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The clinical diagnostic significance of MIAT was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. microRNA (miR)‐29b‐3p expression and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) level were detected. MIAT expression in CAD patients (4.23 [1.22–6.50]) was higher than that in non‐CAD controls (1.64 [0.05–2.93]) (p < 0.01) and had an independent correlation with CAD. The area under ROC curve of predicting CAD was calculated as 0.790, the specificity as 71.40%, and the sensitivity as 70.00%. MIAT expression was positively correlated with the C‐reactive protein level (r = 0.769, p < 0.0001) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and IL‐8 levels, while negatively correlated with the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. MIAT was positively correlated with Gensini score and had an independent correlation with it. LncRNA MIAT sponged miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29b‐3p targeted PAPPA. In conclusion, lncRNA MIAT was upregulated in the peripheral blood of CAD patients and elicited clinical diagnostic significance. MIAT participated in the development of CAD via miR‐29b‐3p/PAPPA axis. This study provides insights into a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.
Association of Internet gaming disorder with catechol‐O‐methyltransferase: Role of impulsivity and fun‐seeking
Authors: Yen Ju‐Yu , Lin Pai‐Cheng , Lin Huang‐Chi , Lin Pei‐Yun , Chou Wei‐Po , Ko Chih‐Hung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDopamine functioning is an essential mechanism underlying addictive behaviors. This paper evaluates the association of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) with the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) val158met polymorphism and examines the roles of impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity in this association. Using diagnostic interviews, this study recruited 69 participants with IGD and 138 participants without. All participants underwent diagnostic interviews for IGD and an evaluation for the COMT val158met polymorphism, impulsivity, and reinforcement sensitivity. Among participants with the Val/Val genotype, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for IGD was 2.09 (1.15–3.80). The IGD–Val/Val genotype association was mediated by impulsivity and fun‐seeking. The Val/Val genotype is indicative of low frontal functioning and is a predictive factor of IGD, with this effect being confounded by impulsivity and fun‐seeking. Interventions targeting impulsivity and fun‐seeking might attenuate the risk of IGD, particularly among individuals with the Val/Val genotype. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the possible role of dopamine functioning.
Carbon and alkalinity outwelling across the groundwater‐creek‐shelf continuum off Amazonian mangroves
Authors: Cabral Alex , Dittmar Thorsten , Call Mitchell , Scholten Jan , de Rezende Carlos E. , Asp Nils , Gledhill Martha , Seidel Michael , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLateral fluxes (i.e., outwelling) of dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic (DIC) carbon and total alkalinity were estimated using radium isotopes at the groundwater, mangrove creek, and continental shelf scales in the Amazon region. Observations of salinity and radium isotopes in the creek indicated tidally driven groundwater exchange as the main source of carbon. Radium‐derived transport rates indicate that mangrove carbon is exported out of the continental shelf on timescales of 22 ± 7 d. Bicarbonate was the main form (82% ± 11%) of total dissolved carbon in all samples, followed by DOC (13% ± 12%) and CO2 (5% ± 4%). DIC (18.7 ± 15.7 mmol m−2 d−1) exceeded DOC (3.0 ± 4.1 mmol m−2 d−1) outwelling at all spatial scales. The interpretation of outwelling across the mangrove‐ocean continuum is related to the spatial and temporal scales investigated. At all scales, outwelling represented a major coastal carbon pathway driving bicarbonate storage in the ocean.
Offer Acceptance Patterns for Liver Donors Aged 70 and Older
Authors: Haugen Christine E. , Bowring Mary G. , Jackson Kyle R. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Massie Allan B. , Chiang Teresa Po‐Yu , Philosophe Benjamin , Segev Dorry L. , Halazun Karim J. 
Published: September 2021

Despite a documented survival benefit, older liver donor (OLD, age ≥70) graft offers are frequently declined, with utilization worsening over the last decade. To understand how offer acceptance varies by center, we studied 1113 eventually transplanted OLD grafts from 2009 to 2017 using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) data and random‐intercept multilevel logistic regression. To understand how center‐level acceptance of OLD graft offers might be associated with waitlist and posttransplant outcomes, we studied all adult, actively listed, liver‐only candidates and recipients during the study period using Poisson regression (transplant rate), competing risks regression (waitlist mortality), and Cox regression (posttransplant mortality). Among 117 centers, OLD offer acceptance ranged from 0 (23 centers) to 95 acceptances, with a median odds ratio of 2.88. Thus, a candidate may be three times as likely to receive an OLD graft simply by listing at a different center. Centers in the highest quartile (Q4) of OLD acceptance (accepted 39% of OLD offers) accepted more nationally shared organs (Q4 versus Q1: 14.1% versus 0.0%, P < 0.001) and had higher annual liver transplant volume (Q4 versus Q1: 80 versus 21, P < 0.001). After adjustment, nationally shared OLD offers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13‐0.20) and offers to centers with higher median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) at transplant (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62‐0.87) were less likely to be accepted. OLD offers to centers with higher annual transplant volume were more likely to be accepted (aOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14‐1.30). Additionally, candidates listed at centers within the highest quartile of OLD graft offer acceptance had higher deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) rates (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.41‐1.50), lower waitlist mortality (adjusted subhazard ratio: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72‐0.76), and similar posttransplant survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86‐1.01) when compared with those listed at centers in the lowest quartile of OLD graft offer acceptance. The wide variation in OLD offer acceptance supports the need for optimizing the organ offer process and efficiently directing OLD offers to centers more likely to use them.
Impact of Race‐Adjusted Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation on Eligibility for Simultaneous Liver‐Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Panchal Sarjukumar , Serper Marina , Bittermann Therese , Asrani Sumeet K. , Goldberg David S. , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: September 2021

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is adjusted for Black race in commonly used formulas. This has potential implications for access to simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (SLKT) as qualifying criteria rely on eGFR. We performed a retrospective study of United Network for Organ Sharing national transplant registry data between February 28, 2002, and March 31, 2019, to evaluate the proportion of Black patients who would be reclassified as meeting SLKT criteria (as defined per current policies) if race adjustment were removed from 2 prominent eGFR equations (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease–4 [MDRD‐4] and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD‐EPI]). Of the 7937 Black patients listed for transplant during the study period, we found that 3.6% would have been reclassified as qualifying for chronic kidney disease (CKD)–related SLKT with removal of race adjustment for MDRD‐4, and 3.0% would have been reclassified with CKD‐EPI; this represented 23.7% and 18.7% increases in SLKT candidacy, respectively. Reclassification impacted women more than men (eg, 4.5% versus 3.0% by MDRD‐4; P < 0.05). In an exploratory analysis, patients meeting SLKT criteria by race‐unadjusted eGFR equations were significantly more likely to receive liver transplantation alone (LTA) compared with SLKT. Approximately 2.0% of reclassified patients required kidney transplantation within 1 year of LTA versus 0.3% of nonreclassified patients. In conclusion, race adjustment in eGFR equations may impact SLKT candidacy for 3.0% to 4.0% of Black patients listed for LTA overall. Approximately 2.0% of patients reclassified as meeting SLKT criteria require short‐term post‐LTA kidney transplantation. These data argue for developing novel algorithms for glomerular filtration rate estimation free of race to promote equity.
A Deeper Insight into the Influence of the Electric Field Strength When Melt‐Electrowriting on Non‐Planar Surfaces
Authors: Saha Uttariyo , Nairn Rory , Keenan Orla , Monaghan Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDefined structures for tissue engineering can be achieved by a variety of techniques, one of which includes melt‐electrowriting (MEW), a technology that deposits spatially defined microfibers of a molten polymer across an electric field. In this study, the authors investigate how to microfabricate biomaterial‐meshes using MEW to non‐planar surfaces that will have more applicability to anatomical structures. By modeling the electric field strength associated with MEW, it is found that incorporation of a non‐conductive 3D printed mould on the conductive collector plate offers the ability to accurately print patterns on non‐planar surfaces successfully. Importantly, if the applied voltage at the nozzle or collector plate is kept constant in the MEW process, the electrostatic behavior of the deposited polymer, and the electric field strength between the collector and nozzle (which is greatest at the nozzle) has the greatest impact on the accuracy of fiber patterning and stacking. Consequently, controlled fiber deposition is exhibited, provided that a constant voltage and a constant vertical distance between the nozzle and the mould are maintained. Overall, this study establishes the groundwork to support further developments in MEW technologies, from flat to anatomically relevant 3D structures in the fields of regenerative medicine and biofabrication.
Role of mass spectrometry in the study of interactions between amylin and metal ions
Authors: Moracci Laura , Crotti Sara , Traldi Pietro , Agostini Marco , Cosma Chiara , Lapolla Annunziata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmylin (islet amyloid polypeptide [IAPP]) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized with insulin in the beta cells of pancreatic islets. The two hormones act in different ways: in fact insulin triggers glucose uptake in muscle and liver cells, removing glucose from the bloodstream and making it available for energy use and storage, while amylin regulates glucose homeostasis. Aside these positive physiological aspects, human amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) readily forms amyloid in vitro. Amyloids are aggregates of proteins and in the human body amyloids are considered responsible of the development of various diseases. These aspects have been widely described and discussed in literature and to give a view of the highly complexity of this biochemical behavior the different physical, chemical, biological and medical aspects are shortly described in this review. It is strongly affected by the presence on metal ions, responsible for or inhibiting the formation of fibrils. Mass spectrometry resulted (and still results) to be a particularly powerful tool to obtain valid and effective experimental data to describe the hIAPP behavior. Aside classical approaches devoted to investigation on metal ion‐hIAPP structures, which reflects on the identification of metal–protein interaction site(s) and of possible metal‐induced conformational changes of the protein, interesting results have been obtained by ion mobility mass spectrometry, giving, on the basis of collisional cross‐section data, information on both the oligomerization processes and the conformation changes. Laser ablation electrospray ionization—ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (LAESI‐IMS‐MS), allowed to obtain information on the binding stoichiometry, complex dissociation constant, and the oxidation state of the copper for the amylin–copper interaction. Alternatively to inorganic ions, small organic molecules have been tested by ESI‐IMS‐MS as inhibitor of amyloid assembly. Also in this case the obtained data demonstrate the validity of the ESI‐IMS‐MS approach as a high‐throughput screen for inhibitors of amyloid assembly, providing valid information concerning the identity of the interacting species, the nature of binding and the effect of the ligand on protein aggregation. Effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in the degradation of human and murine IAPP by insulin‐degrading enzyme were studied by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The literature data show that mass spectrometry is a highly valid and effective tool in the study of the amylin behavior, so to individuate medical strategies to avoid the undesired formation of amyloids in in vivo conditions.
Pandemic Tic‐like Behaviors Following Social Media Consumption
Authors: Paulus Theresa , Bäumer Tobias , Verrel Julius , Weissbach Anne , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrently, there is a marked increase of young people with sudden onset of tic‐like behaviors (TLBs) resembling movements and vocalizations presented on social media videos as “Tourette's syndrome.”ObjectiveTo delineate clinical phenomenology of TLBs after social media exposure in comparison with clinical features of Tourette's syndrome.MethodsWe compared demographic and clinical variables between 13 patients with TLBs and 13 age‐ and sex‐related patients with Tourette's syndrome.ResultsPatients with TLBs had several characteristics allowing to distinguish them from patients with Tourette's syndrome, some of which discriminated perfectly (ie, abrupt symptom onset, lack of spontaneous symptom fluctuations, symptom deterioration in the presence of others) and some nearly perfectly (ie, predominantly complex movements involving trunk/extremities). Also, symptom onset was significantly later.ConclusionsTLBs after social media consumption differ from tics in Tourette's syndrome, strongly suggesting that these phenomena are categorically different conditions. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
60 GHz dual‐polarized magneto‐electric dipole antenna array with hybrid gap waveguide feeding network in low temperature co‐fired ceramic technology
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Jianyin , Tao Shifei , Quan Yu , Mou Shanxiang , Guo Yongxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 60 GHz 8 × 8 dual‐polarized aperture‐coupled magneto‐electric (ME) dipole antenna array in low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is proposed. Taking advantage of the LTCC technology of high integration, the antenna array is composed of three parts, including the wideband ME dipole elements, dual‐polarized strip‐line series feeding network and low‐loss gap waveguide (GWG) feeding network. The ME dipole antenna element is fed by aperture coupling with 45° rotation. Two separate orthogonal strip lines are located right below the aperture to realize dual polarization performance. The simulated −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the dual‐polarized antenna element is 50–66.5 GHz with an isolation lower than −20 dB for two input ports. By employing the proposed radiating element, a 4 × 4 wide‐band dual‐polarized antenna subarray is realized by using strip‐line series‐feed technology. A compact hybrid low‐loss feeding network is realized by combing the GWG technology with the strip‐line series feed technology. For demonstration, one prototype was fabricated. The measured impedance bandwidth is 14.2% and 16.7% respectively for dual polarizations with |S11| < −8 dB, and the port isolation is lower than −20 dB over the entire frequency band of interest.
Gastroliths in archaeology: A note of caution
Authors: Lucas Spencer G. , Hunt Adrian P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolished stones at archaeological sites are often identified as avian gastroliths, even though they lack a skeletal association. Such identification is based on the misconception that high polish characterizes gastroliths, an old idea refuted by diverse research. Thus, polished stones at archaeological sites are not necessarily gastroliths, and more rigor is urged in the identification and interpretation of such stones.