bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin Transport Properties in 1D DNA and Electrically Doped Iron Quantum Dot Organo-metallic Junction: A First Principle Paradigm
Authors: Roy Debarati Dey , Roy Pradipta , De Debashis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The DNA sensor has emerged as strong candidates for next generation ultra low power application due to its self assemble technique. Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) along with Density Functional Theory (DFT) based First Principle approach is used in investigation of spin transport properties along with quantum scattering transmission characteristics of DNA sensor via Iron (Fe) quantum dots (QD) electrodes at room temperature. Electrically doped Fe QD plays an important role in spin transport mechanism. This electrical doping concentration and weak coupling strength between DNA and Fe QD organo-metallic junction effect into the tunneling contact resistance (TCR) along with quantum-ballistic transmission and junction conductivity of parallel and anti-parallel configuration of this analytical model representation. It has been observed that higher current has been achieved for parallel configuration when compare with anti-parallel configuration at same bias voltage. This voltage-current characteristic is significantly modulated due to the electrical doping effect. This spin transport property shows that this system can well perform for anti parallel configuration. High tunnel organo-metallic resistance approximately 99.9% is observed even at 0V bias voltage. TOMCR remains large at upper bias voltage .
FGF21 Promotes Proliferation and Estradiol Synthesis in Porcine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Hu Yamei , Zhou Xiaoge , Shi Shengjie , Li Yankun , Huang Liang , Gao Lei , Pang Weijun , Yang Gongshe , Chu Guiyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The proliferation and estradiol synthesis in granulosa cells (GCs) directly promotes follicular development. Previous studies had found that FGF21 regulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis in response to the control of fertility. However, the functions and mechanisms of FGF21 in GCs are unclear.Results: Here, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of FGF21 in the ovarian tissue of high-yielding sows (Sus scrofa) was higher than that in low-yielding sows. Moreover, FGF21 was predominantly expressed in porcine GCs. Additionally, ELISA assay showed estradiol was significantly increased when overexpression of FGF21 in porcine GCs. Meanwhile, overexpressed FGF21 up-regulated both the mRNA and protein levels of key estradiol synthesis-related genes in porcine GCs, including StAR, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1. Corresponsingly, knockdown FGF21 inhibited estradiol levels and its synthesis-related genes expression. Besides, overexpression of FGF21 promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs, displayed as increasing the percentage of S-phase cells in cell cycle and EdU positive cells, including cell viability, and upregulated cell cycle genes, including cell cycle protein B (Cyclin B) and protein E (Cyclin E). Corresponsingly, knockdown FGF21 in porcine GCs suppressed the cell cycle and cell viability, as well as EdU positive cell number.Conclusions: These findings highlight that FGF21 is associated with the development of GCs and may be a novel underlying regulator of porcine follicular development.
Serovar and Virulence Genes of Glaesserella(Haemophilus) Parasuis Isolates from the Nasal Cavity of Live Piglets
Authors: Peng Ling , Liang Diyan , Xiao Lin , Li Linghui , Su Wenzhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis (G. parasuis) is a commensal bacterium in the swine upper respiratory tract that can cause Glässer’s disease, particularly in piglets. In this study, we detected the serovars and 19 known virulence genes (VGs) of H. parasuis isolates from the nasal cavities of live piglets from the south of China.Serovar 10 (17.9%) was the most prevalent, followed by serovars 15 (14.5%), 6 (12.0%), 8 (11.1%), 4 (8.5%), 7 (7.7%), 9 (7.7%), 1 (7%), 5/12 (4.3%), and 2 (0.9%). This differs from previous studies on common G. parasuis serovars. The detection rate of 19 VGs ranged from 1.7% to 95.2%, with vacJ and clpP (95.7%) as the most prevalent. The G. parasuis isolates belonging to the same sequence type and serovar harbored different VGs, and all isolates exhibited considerable genetic heterogeneity. Significant correlations were found between VGs and serovars, different pathogenic serovar groups, and members of clade 2 (based on MLST). To our knowledge, this is the first research to examine the characteristics of G. parasuis nasal cavity isolates from live piglets in the south of China. The results complement epidemiological data of G. parasuis and will help the scientific community understand the extreme genetic diversity and pathogenesis of G. parasuis, which will aid in the development of G. parasuis vaccines.
Investigation of ship electric propulsion system performance from environmental and energy efficiency perspective
Authors: Elkafas Ahmed G. , Shouman Mohamed R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The maritime industry faces many challenges regarding the adverse environmental impact, whether at the level of legislation set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) or the economic crises that arising from the Covid-19 pandemic. IMO has found that the highest percentage of ship emission is mainly coming from the ship propulsion systems. Therefore, the current research proposes an electric propulsion system to drive the ship instead of the conventional one to reduce ship emissions and enhance energy efficiency. As a case study, a passenger ship is investigated. The results showed that the proposed electric propulsion system has lower emission rates than the conventional one by 10%, 21%, and 88% for CO2, NOx, and SOx emission, respectively. From an energy efficiency point of view, the diesel-electric propulsion system enhances the energy efficiency and complies with the required IMO values as actual energy efficiency is about 66%, 70%, 83%, and 95% of the required IMO values at baseline, phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3, respectively.
The Association of Two Rare Diseases is Not Rare: Primary Immunodeficiencies and Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Authors: Ayar Şefika Nur , Soyak Elif , Şimşek Cem , Çağdaş Deniz , Balaban Yasemin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: PIDs associates with autoimmune diseases include autoimmune liver diseases (AILD); however, the frequency of PIDs among patients with AILD is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of the association between AILD and PIDs. Methods: We conducted this single-center, cross-sectional, and descriptive study in a tertiary hospital. We evaluated eighty-two patients with AILD (39 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 32 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), seven with variant syndromes (VS), and four with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) for the presence of PIDs. We obtained a detailed history of infections, comorbidities, family history, and laboratory data from the files. All patients were evaluated in the immunology department for further examination, and PID diagnoses were made according to ESID (The European Society for Immunodeficiencies) criteria. Results: Out of 82 patients with AILD, PIDs were diagnosed in 18% (15 patients); there were four patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), four with partial IgA deficiency (PIgAD), four with selective IgM deficiency (SIgMD), and three with combined immunodeficiency (CID). PIDs were present in 29% of patients with VS, 25 % of patients with PSC, 23% of patients with AIH, and 9% of patients with PBC. Conclusion: Although PIDs are rare diseases in the general population, they have a strong association with AILD and were detected in one-fifth of the patients. Further research with larger patient groups is needed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic impacts of PIDs on AILD.
Evaluation of Synoptic Eddy Activities and their Feedback onto the Midlatitude Jet in Five Atmospheric Reanalyses with Coarse Versus Fine Model Resolutions
Authors: Sang Xiaozhuo , Yang Xiu-Qun , Tao Lingfeng , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Interaction between synoptic eddy and mean flow plays a crucial role in maintaining midlatitude westerly jet. In this study, climatologies of synoptic eddy activities and their feedback onto midlatitude jet for 1980–2016 are evaluated and compared through analyzing daily data from five atmospheric reanalyses with different resolutions including one coarse-resolution reanalysis (NCEP2) and four fine-resolution reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CFSR). Horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric models generating those reanalyses are approximately equivalent to 210, 79, 60, 50, and 38 km, respectively. Results show that the eddy activities and their feedback onto mean flow in those fine-resolution reanalyses are consistently and significantly stronger than those in the coarse-resolution reanalysis (NCEP2). The maximal relative increases that are found to occur primarily in the midlatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere are estimated to be up to 55% for the baroclinicity, 53% for the eddy energetics, 59% for the eddy forcing, and even 85% for the eddy feedback onto mean flow. Those increases are reasonably conjectured to be related to increased model resolutions, since the synoptic eddy genesis is proportional to the lower-level atmospheric meridional temperature gradient which is sensitive to the meridional resolution of atmospheric models. Although the coarse-resolution reanalysis resolves synoptic eddies insufficiently and thus underestimates their feedback onto the mean flow, the magnitudes of eddy-driven jets are almost the same among five reanalyses, implying a mismatch between the eddy feedback and the eddy-driven jet in the coarse-resolution reanalysis. Therefore, the results of this study imply the importance of using fine-resolution reanalyses in accurately understanding the midlatitude synoptic eddy-mean flow interaction.
A New in-situ Exsolution Supporting Framework for Metal Nanoparticle Growth
Authors: Wang Mengchu , Zhang Bike , Ding Jiaqi , Zhang Fanxing , Tu Rui , Bernards Matthew , He Yi , Xie Pengfei , Shi Yao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Catalysts made of in-situ exsolved metal nanoparticles often demonstrate promising activity and high stability in many applications. However, the design of these catalysts is greatly constrained by the classic exsolution mechanism, which occurs almost exclusively through substitutional metal-doping in perovskites. Here we show that metal nanoparticles can also be in-situ exsolved from interstitially doped metal cations in a NiOOH supporting framework with the guidance of theoretical calculation. The exsolution can be conducted swiftly at room temperature. A novel copper nanocatalyst prepared with this approach have a quasi-uniform size of 4 nm delivering an exceptional CO faradaic efficiency of 95.6% with a notable durability for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. This design principle is further proven to be generally applicable to other metals and foregrounded for guiding the development of advanced catalytic materials.
Molecular Targeting of Nrf2 and NFkB Signaling by 3-acetyl-11-keto- β-boswellic Acid and Piperine in Fluid Percussion Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kundu Satyabrata , Singh Shamsher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background & purpose: Traumatic brain injury in rats through lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) causes elevation in intracranial pressure which leads to impairments in motor and cognitive behavior. 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent but it has very low bioavailability. The current study was established to investigate the neuroprotective effect of AKBA in combination with bioenhancer piperine in LFPI induced TBI experimental rats.Experimental approach: Fluid percussion injury was created by delivering 50 mmHg of pressure for 3 minutes to the exposed brain. AKBA 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg orally and AKBA ((25 mg/kg, p.o.) in combination with piperine (2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered from day 1 to day 14. On 1st, 7th and 14th day, the behavioral parameters were checked. On 15th day, animals were euthanized. Then the cortex was isolated for the estimation of biochemical levels (MDA, nitrite, reduced GSH, catalase), neuroinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT, GABA, glutamate). From some animals, hippocampus and cortex were isolated for histopathological analysis and expressions of Nrf2 and NFkB was measured by immunohistological study. Key results: Treatment with AKBA significantly attenuated LFPI induced abnormalities, biochemical and neurotransmitter changes in experimental rats. Further finding AKBA in combination with piperine significantly prevented histopathological changes, increased Nrf2 positive cells and reduced NFkB expression in the cortical region. Conclusion & implication: The present study concluded that AKBA along with piperine achieved anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory effects as well as prevented neuronal injury via targeting Nrf2 and NFkB.
A New Biomechanical Classification System for Split Fractures of the Humeral Greater Tuberosity: Guidelines for Surgical Treatment
Authors: Liu Gang , Guo Xiaoguang , Zhao Qian , Qin Bo , Lu Junjie , Bao Dingsu , Fu Shijie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Split fractures of the humeral greater tuberosity (HGT) are common injuries. Although there are numerous surgical treatments for these fractures, no classification system combining clinical and biomechanical characteristics has been presented to guide the choice of fixation method.Methods: We created a standardised fracture of the HGT in 24 formalin-fixed cadavers. Six were left as single-fragment fractures (Group A), six were further prepared to create single-fragment with medium size full-thickness rotator cuff tear (FT-RCTs) fractures (Group B), six were cut to create multi-fragment fractures (Group C), and six were cut to create multi-fragment with FT-RCT fractures (Group D). Each specimen was fixed with a shortened proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate. The fixed fractures were subjected to load and load-to-failure tests and the differences between groups analysed.Results: The mean load-to-failure values were significantly different between groups (Group A, 446.83 ± 38.98 N; Group B, 384.17 ± 36.15 N; Group C, 317.17 ± 23.32 N and Group D, 266.83 ± 37.65 N, P < 0.05). The load-to-failure values for fractures with a greater tuberosity displacement of 10 mm were significantly different between each group (Group A, 194.00 ± 29.23 N; Group B, 157.00 ± 29.97 N; Group C, 109.00 ± 17.64 N and Group D, 79.67.83 ± 15.50 N; P < 0.05). These findings indicates that fractures with a displacement of 10 mm have different characteristics and should be considered separately from other HGT fractures when deciding surgical treatment.Conclusions: Biomechanical classification of split fractures of the HGT is a reliable method of categorising these fractures in order to decide surgical treatment. Our findings and proposed system will be a useful to guide the choice of surgical technique for the treatment of fractures of the HGT.
Seasonal and Sexual Variation in mRNA Expression of Selected Adipokine Genes Affecting Fat Deposition and Metabolism of the Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae)
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Bennett Darin , Wright Kristina , Cheng Kimberly M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Emus are farmed for fat production. Oil rendered from their back and abdominal fat pads has good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has ingredients that promote cell growth. Our objective is to examine the mRNA expression of 7 emu adipokine genes (eFABP4, eSCD1, eAdipoQ, eAdipoR1, eAdipoR2, Lept and eLepR) to identify gene markers that may help improve emu fat production. Back and abdominal fat tissues from 11 adult emus were biopsied at four time points (April, June, August and November). Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was synthesized. Gene specific primers were designed for partial cloning fragments to amplify the open reading frame of the 7 genes. Lept was not expressed in emu fat tissue. Nucleotides and amino acids sequences of the 6 expressed gene were compared with homologs from other species and phylogenetic relationships established. Seasonal mRNA expression of each gene was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and differential expression analysed by the 2−ΔΔCT method. The temporal mRNA expression pattern of the genes and the fat gain (kg) between time points association with gene expression level were determined. More whole-genome scanning studies are needed to develop novel molecular markers that can be applied to improve fat production in emus.
Novel DNA-protection Protein (Dps) Originated From Deinococcus Geothermalis
Authors: Bae Min K. , Shin Eunjeong , Lee Sung-Jae 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We characterized two interrelated proteins from the Deinococcus geothermalis strain with regard to the role of DNA-binding and protection, such as a novel Dps, Dgeo_0257, and a Dps orthologous protein, Dgeo_0281. Despite the lack of conserved amino acid sequence for ferroxidase activity, Dgeo_0257 exhibited high DNA-binding affinity and formed a dodecameric conformation. In contrast, Dgeo_0281 protein showed less effective DNA-binding and was mainly observed monomeric or dimeric forms. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that both purified proteins are non-specifically bound to DNA to protect against DNA degradation and the properties of Dps responding to specific metal ions. In the presence of ferrous and ferric ions, Dgeo_0257 or Dgeo_0281 protein does not readily bind to DNA. However, in Zn and Mn ions are present, both proteins had more stable DNA-binding. From the Dps gene disrupted mutant test, each showed a higher sensitivity to oxidative stress than the wild-type strain. In addition, the expression level of each gene was correlated with the presence of each other. In this study, we characterized and confirmed the functional roles of Dgeo_0257 for sensing metal ions and binding to DNAs along with the Dps orthologous Dgeo_0281. Based on various observational evidence, we propose that Dgeo_0257 is a novel Dps protein with no ferroxidase activity.
Preoperative Placement of Rigid Markers for the Treatment of Tibial Fractures Using 3D Printed External Repositioning Model Combined With External Fixator
Authors: Li Guoliang , Zhao Jianyong , Zhang Yadi , Wang Xuyang , Liu Qilin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of preoperative placement of a rigid marker 3D printed external repositioning model combined with an external fixation frame in patients with tibial fractures.Methods: Fifty-five patients with tibial fractures treated from June 2019 to August 2020 were used as study subjects. Patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the order of their admission to the hospital. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional surgery, and patients in the observation group were treated with preoperative placement of rigid markers 3D printed external repositioning models combined with external fixators. The treatment results of the two groups were compared.Results: Patients in the observation group had significantly shorter operative time, hospital stay and fracture healing time than patients in the control group, and intraoperative bleeding was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The pain level decreased in both groups as the time lengthened after surgery. At the same time point, the degree of pain in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 6.66% in the observation group and 36% in the control group, and the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The excellent rate of fracture healing was 60% in the observation group and 86.67% in the control group, and the difference in the excellent rate of fracture healing between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). Patients in both groups gradually recovered their knee and ankle functions after surgery with the extension of time. At the same time point, the HSS and Maryland scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion：By using preoperative placement of rigid markers 3D printed external repositioning model combined with external fixator treatment. No further incision or fluoroscopic closed reduction is required. This reduces the patient's pain and improves the patient's fracture healing results.
Experimental Analysis and Control Technology of Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Inclined Coal Seam Roadway using Non-contact DIC Technique: A Case Study
Authors: xiong xianyu , Dai Jun , Ouyang Yibo , Shen Pan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock of roadway in inclined coal seam, the physical similarity model of right-angle trapezoidal roadway in inclined coal seam, in which the non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) technology and the stress sensor is employed to provide full-field displacement and stress measurements. The deformation control technology of the roadway surrounding rock was proposed and applied to engineering practice. The research results show that the stress and deformation failure of surrounding rock in low sidewall of roadway are greater than those in high sidewall, showing asymmetric characteristics, and the maximum stress concentration coefficients of roadway sidewall, roof and floor are 4.1, 3.4 and 2.8, respectively. A concept of roadway "cyclic failure" mechanism is proposed that is, the cyclic interaction of the two sidewalls, the sharp angles and roof aggravated the failure of roadway, resulting in the overall instability of roadway. The roadway sidewall is serious rib spalling, the roof is asymmetric "Beret" type caving arch failure, and the floor is slightly bulging. On this basis, the principle of roadway deformation control is revealed and asymmetric support design is adopted, and the deformation of roadway is controlled, which support scheme is effective.
Exosomes secreted by FNDC5-BMMSCs protect myocardial infarction by anti-inflammation and macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 Axis
Authors: Ning Hogjuan , Chen Haixu , Deng Jingyu , Xiao Chun , Shan Lina , Yang Chao , Zhang Zheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Exosomes are considered a substitute for stem cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). FNDC5, a transmembrane protein located in the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in inflammation diseases and MI repair. Furthermore, our previous study found that FNDC5 pre-conditioning bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) could secreted more exosomes, but little was known on MI repair.
Methods

Exosomes isolated from BMMSCs with or without FNDC5-OV were injected into infarcted hearts. Then, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and inflammation responses were detected. Furthermore, exosomes were administrated to RAW264.7 macrophage with LPS treatment to investigate its effect on inflammation and macrophage polarization.
Results

Compared with MSCs-Exo, FNDC5-MSCs-Exo had superior therapeutic effects on anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis, as well as polarizing M2 macrophage in vivo. Meanwhile, the in vitro results also showed that FNDC5-MSCs–Exo decreased pro-inflammatory secretion and increased anti-inflammatory secretion under LPS stimulation, which partly depressed NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 Axis.
Conclusions

FNDC5-BMMSCs-derived exosomes play anti-inflammation effects and promote M2 macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 Axis, which may develop a promising cell-free therapy for MI.