bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location detection of the mobile sensor with fingerprinting‐based cascade artificial neural network model using received signal strength indicator in 3D indoor environment
Authors: Tuncer Taner , Erdem Ebubekir 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe problem of localization of mobile sensor nodes has been extensively studied in the literature in recent years. In any localization technique, the aim is to determine the location of the sensor node of unknown location with low error. In this article, a cascading artificial neural network (ANN)‐based location detection algorithm is proposed, which detects the location of a mobile sensor node in 3D indoor environment. In a 3D indoor environment of 6 × 20 × 3 m3, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signals were collected using a mobile node with XBee sensor, and a fingerprint database was created. Cascade ANN system was trained using this database. Then, while a mobile node is in any location, RSSIs measured by anchor nodes are given as an input to the cascade ANN system, and the location of the mobile node is determined. Fingerprint steps 1 and 0.5 m were taken, and two applications were carried out in the article. According to the RSSI values taken from 100 different coordinates for the test, the total error was 3216 and 2838 cm, respectively. The average error is 32.16 and 28.38 cm.
Flyway‐scale analysis reveals that the timing of migration in wading birds is becoming later
Authors: Mondain‐Monval Thomas O. , Amos Matt , Chapman Jamie‐Leigh , MacColl Andrew , Sharp Stuart P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Understanding the implications of climate change for migratory animals is paramount for establishing how best to conserve them. A large body of evidence suggests that birds are migrating earlier in response to rising temperatures, but many studies focus on single populations of model species.

Migratory patterns at large spatial scales may differ from those occurring in single populations, for example because of individuals dispersing outside of study areas. Furthermore, understanding phenological trends across species is vital because we need a holistic understanding of how climate change affects wildlife, especially as rates of temperature change vary globally.

The life cycles of migratory wading birds cover vast latitudinal gradients, making them particularly susceptible to climate change and, therefore, ideal model organisms for understanding its effects. Here, we implement a novel application of changepoint detection analysis to investigate changes in the timing of migration in waders at a flyway scale using a thirteen‐year citizen science dataset (eBird) and determine the influence of changes in weather conditions on large‐scale migratory patterns.

In contrast to most previous research, our results suggest that migration is getting later in both spring and autumn. We show that rates of change were faster in spring than autumn in both the Afro‐Palearctic and Nearctic flyways, but that weather conditions in autumn, not in spring, predicted temporal changes in the corresponding season. Birds migrated earlier in autumn when temperatures increased rapidly, and later with increasing headwinds.

One possible explanation for our results is that migration is becoming later due to northward range shifts, which means that a higher proportion of birds travel greater distances and therefore take longer to reach their destinations. Our findings underline the importance of considering spatial scale when investigating changes in the phenology of migratory bird species.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Rhenium Metal and Rhenium‐Based Intermetallic in Acid and Alkaline Media
Authors: Dan Li , Suen Nian‐Tzu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRhenium (Re) metal has been well known for the high corrosion resistance in strong acid and alkaline electrolyte, which makes it a potential electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the low HER activity (>100 mV @ 10 mA/cm2) is a fatal flaw and the reason Re metal does not receive much attention comparing to other noble metal such as Platinum (Pt), Iridium (Ir) and Ruthenium (Ru). To improve the HER activity of Re metal, in this work, we have incorporated a small amount of Zr atoms into Re lattice to form Re based intermetallic Zr5Re24. The large Zr atoms can expand the subunits of the structure and increase the Re−Re bond lengths while the low electronegativity of Zr atoms will donate electrons to Re atoms and fill more antibonding state of Re−Re bond. Both crystal‐structural and electronic‐structural factors will reduce the bond strength of Re−Re bond and thus weaken the corresponding hydrogen adsorption energy (ΔGHad). This can adjust the ΔGHad of Zr5Re24 to an optimal position and enhance the HER activity from Re metal (η10∼125 mV) to Zr5Re24 (η10∼90 mV). Moreover, it was realized that OH molecule on the surface of Zr5Re24 and Re metal will not occupy the most active site (i. e. poison effect) nor significantly influence the ΔGHad to the optimized position (i. e. 0 eV), which well elucidate the similar HER activity in acid or alkaline electrolyte.
Fluorosulfonylferrocene, (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ferrocene and New Ferrocenyl Sulfonates: Directed ortho Lithiation and New Anionic Thia‐Fries Rearrangements at Ferrocene
Authors: Boston Geanne M. R. , Philipp Hendrik M. , Butenschön Holger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFerrocenyl triflates are known to undergo anionic thia‐Fries rearrangements at low temperature in high yields. In order to expand the scope of this reaction, ferrocenyl sulfonates and sulfonylferrocenes were prepared and their reactivity investigated. Treatment of ferrocenyl fluorosulfonate with lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide gave rise to a new anionic thia‐Fries rearrangement at ferrocene. The formation of a rare oxathiine was observed with ferrocenyl (pentafluorophenyl)sulfonate as a result of an ortho lithiation and a subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution. In contrast to fluorinated ferrocenyl sulfonates, fluorosulfonylferrocene as well as (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ferrocene underwent ortho lithiation under comparable reaction conditions.
Central sensitization of dorsal root potentials and dorsal root reflexes: An in vitro study in the mouse spinal cord.
Authors: Vicente‐Baz Jorge , Lopez‐Garcia Jose Antonio , Rivera‐Arconada Ivan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAxo‐axonic contacts onto central terminals of primary afferents modulate sensory inputs to the spinal cord. These contacts produce primary afferent depolarization (PAD), which serves as a mechanism for presynaptic inhibition, and also produce dorsal root reflexes (DRRs), which may regulate the excitability of peripheral terminals and second order neurons. We aimed to identify changes in these responses as a consequence of peripheral inflammation.MethodsIn vitro spinal cord recordings of spontaneous activities in dorsal and ventral roots were performed in control mice and following paw inflammation. We also used pharmacological assays to define the neurotransmitter systems implicated in such responses.ResultsPaw inflammation increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous dorsal root depolarizations, the occurrence of DRRs and the amplitude of ventral roots depolarizations. PAD was classified in two different patterns based on their relation to ventral activity: time‐locked and independent events. Both patterns increased in amplitude after paw inflammation, and independent events also increased in frequency. The circuits that were responsible for this activity implicated both glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. Adrenergic modulation differentially affected both types of PAD, and this modulation changed after paw inflammation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the existence of independent spinal circuits at the origin of PAD and DRRs. Inflammation modulates these circuits differentially, unveiling varied mechanisms of spinal sensitization. This in vitro approach provides an isolated model for the study of the mechanisms of central sensitization and for the performance of pharmacological assays with the purpose of identifying and testing novel antinociceptive targets.SignificanceSpinal circuits modulate activity of primary afferents acting on central terminals. Under in vitro conditions, dorsal roots show spontaneous activity in the form of depolarizations and action potentials. Our findings are consistent with the existence of several independent generator circuits. Experimental paw inflammation reduced mechanical withdrawal threshold and significantly increased the spontaneous activity of dorsal roots, which may be secondary to an enhanced output of spinal generators. This can be considered as a novel sign of central sensitization.
Nanocrystals as Model Systems for Studying the Interplay Between Crystallization and Chirality
Authors: Hananel Uri , Moshe Assaf Ben , Markovich Gil , Alivisatos A. Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interplay between crystallization and chirality has fascinated chemists for over 170 years now. Many questions deal with the transfer of chirality from molecular level building blocks and crystal capping ligands to the macroscopic morphologies of crystals. Also the interest in nanoscale chiral crystallization and the relationship between chiral ligands and inorganic nanocrystals has recently arose. In this review we highlight several different topics related to studies of the interplay between chirality and crystallization that involve inorganic nanocrystals. Specifically, we differentiate between the effects of chiral molecules on inorganic nanocrystals with chiral or achiral crystal structures. In the first case, chirality may appear both at the atomic‐scale and the particle shape, and in the second case chirality may be induced only at the particle shape level. We also discuss recent progress on the relationship between the atomic scale chirality and crystal morphology.
Coinciding significance of the crystallographic orientation and nanostructuring on the biocompatibility of TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy deformed by the cold rolling process
Authors: Zareidoost Amir , Yousefpour Mardali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the simultaneous significance of the crystallographic texture and nanostructuring on the cytocompatibility of as‐cast (Ti55Zr25Nb10Ta10)98.5‐Ag1.5 alloy (at. %, TZNT‐Ag1.5), subjected to cold rolling up to 90% reduction, along with the changes of Young's modulus and hardness under cold rolling were investigated. For this purpose, the as‐cast and cold‐rolled TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy test specimens were analyzed by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, SEM, contact angle, nanoindentation, and OM techniques. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of severe cold deformation on the biocompatibility, MG‐63 osteoblastic cell was cultured on the surface of 90% cold‐rolled and as‐cast test specimens of TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy. The results showed that severe cold deformation was led to fast grain refinement of grains of the as‐cast TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy in the range of 50–100 nm. In addition to the nanostructuring, upon severe cold deformation, the <gamma>‐fiber (<111>// normal direction) texture was formed and after 90% reduction, the (111)<1 > γ‐fiber component was strengthened. The micro‐hardness and reduced Young's modulus are 235 ± 5.29, 246 ± 1.73, 271 ± 4.0, and 283 ± 6.25 (HV); and 73.725 ± 1.70, 83.98 ± 5.10, 81.26 ± 6.55, and 88.66 ± 7.16 (GPa) for TZNT‐Ag1.5 (as‐cast), TZNT‐Ag1.5 (20%CR), TZNT‐Ag1.5 (50%CR), and TZNT‐Ag1.5 (90%CR) test specimens, respectively. Further, with increasing the cold deformation degree, the dislocation density of TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy increased as this parameter is 2.79 × 1015 (m−2) for the 90%CR test specimen. On the other hand, the values of the contact angle for the 90%CR test specimen (46.2 ± 3.5°) exhibit a higher hydrophilic and wettable surface as compared to the other studied test specimens. After 5 days of incubation, osteoblastic cells on the surface of the 90% cold‐rolled TZNT‐Ag1.5 test specimens revealed significant differences in cell proliferation and differentiation as compared to the as‐cast alloy test specimens and/or CP‐Ti. Finally, because the maximum orientation intensities were generally <3, it was deduced that grain refinement rather than the crystallographic texture plays a significant role in improving the surface biocompatibility of the new TZNT‐Ag1.5 alloy.
Best Performance Parameters of HR-pQCT to Predict Fragility Fracture: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheung Wing-Hoi , Hung Vivian Wing-Yin , Cheuk Ka-Yee , Chau Wai-Wang , Tsoi Kelvin Kam-Fai , Wong Ronald Man-Yeung , Chow Simon Kwoon-Ho , Lam Tsz-Ping , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang , Law Sheung-Wai , Qin Ling 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and bone structural deterioration that may result in fragility fractures. Use of bone imaging modalities to accurately predict fragility fractures is always an important issue, yet the current gold standard of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for diagnosis of osteoporosis cannot fully satisfy this purpose. The latest high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging device to measure not only volumetric bone density, but also the bone microarchitecture in a noninvasive manner that may provide a better fracture prediction power. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate which HR-pQCT parameters at the distal radius and/or distal tibia could best predict fragility fractures. A systematic literature search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science with relevant keywords by two independent reviewers. Original clinical studies using HR-pQCT to predict fragility fractures with available full text in English were included. Information was extracted from the included studies for further review. In total, 25 articles were included for the systematic review, and 16 articles for meta-analysis. HR-pQCT was shown to significantly predict incident fractures and/or major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs). Of all the HR-pQCT parameters, our meta-analysis revealed that cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Ct.vBMD), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and stiffness were better predictors. Meanwhile, HR-pQCT parameters indicated better performance in predicting MOFs than incident fractures. Between the two standard measurement sites of HR-pQCT, the non-weight-bearing distal radius was a more preferable site than distal tibia for fracture prediction. Furthermore, most of the included studies were white-based, whereas very few studies were from Asia or South America. These regions should build up their densitometric databases and conduct related prediction studies. It is expected that HR-pQCT can be used widely for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and prediction of future fragility fractures. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Status and Incident Hip Fractures in Elderly Adults: Looking Beyond Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Skuladottir Sigrun S. , Ramel Alfons , Eymundsdottir Hrafnhildur , Hjaltadottir Ingibjorg , Launer Lenore J. , Cotch Mary-Frances , Siggeirsdottir Kristin , Gudnason Vilmundur , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Steingrimsdottir Laufey , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Observational studies have consistently reported a higher risk of fractures among those with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Emerging evidence suggests that low serum 25(OH)D levels may increase the rate of falls through impaired physical function. Examine to what extent baseline measures of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), absolute bone mineral content (BMC), and markers of physical function may explain incident hip fractures in older adults with different serum levels of 25(OH)D. A prospective study of 4309 subjects (≥66 years) recruited between 2002 and 2006 into the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) study. Hip fractures occurring until the end of 2012 were extracted from hospital records. Prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (&lt;30 nmol/L), inadequacy (30–&lt;50 nmol/L), and sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) was 6%, 23%, and 71% for males; and 11%, 28%, and 53% for females, respectively. Female participants had ~30% lower absolute BMC compared to males. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with vBMD and BMC of the femoral neck and markers of physical function, including leg strength and balance. Those who had deficient compared to sufficient status at baseline had a higher age-adjusted risk of incidence hipfractures with hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–5.2) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3–2.5) among males and females, respectively. When adjusting for vBMD and measures of physical function, the association was attenuated and became nonsignificant for males (1.3; 95% CI, 0.6–2.5) but remained significant for females (1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.4). Deficient compared to sufficient serum 25(OH)D status was associated with a higher risk of incident hip fractures. This association was explained by poorer vBMD and physical function for males but to a lesser extent for females. Lower absolute BMC among females due to smaller bone volume may account for these sex-specific differences. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover 10 Years After a Single 5 mg Dose or Two 5-Yearly Lower Doses of Zoledronate in Osteopenic Older Women: An Open-Label Extension of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grey Andrew , Bolland Mark J , Horne Anne , Mihov Borislav , Gamble Greg , Reid Ian R 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Intravenous zoledronate reduces fracture risk (5 mg at 18-month intervals) and prevents bone loss (doses of 1 to 5 mg for 3 to &gt;5 years), but the duration of action of a single 5 mg dose and the effects of lower doses beyond 5 years are unknown. We report the second open-label extension (years 5 to 10) of a 2-year randomized, multidose, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial. A total of 116 older women who completed 5 years of participation either continued observation without further treatment (zoledronate 5 mg and placebo at baseline) or received repeat doses of 1 or 2.5 mg zoledronate (zoledronate 1 mg and zoledronate 2.5 mg at baseline, respectively). Outcomes were spine, hip, and total body bone mineral density (BMD) and serum markers of bone turnover. After a single 5 mg dose of zoledronate, mean BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip was maintained at or above baseline levels for 9 and 10 years, respectively. The mean level of the bone resorption marker β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) was at least 25% lower than that in the placebo group for 9 years. In women administered 5-yearly doses of 2.5 mg zoledronate, mean BMD at the total hip and lumbar spine was maintained at or above baseline levels for 9 and 10 years, respectively. Redosing with 1 or 2.5 mg zoledronate at 5 years reduced bone turnover markers for 3 to 4 years. BMD increased for 3 to 4 years after redosing with 1 mg zoledronate. In the group given 5-yearly 2.5 mg zoledronate, β-CTX was at least 20% lower than that in the placebo group for 10 years. Both a single baseline 5 mg dose of zoledronate and 5-yearly doses of 1 and 2.5 mg zoledronate prevented bone loss at hip and spine for 8 to 10 years in older postmenopausal women. Clinical trials to evaluate the effects on fracture risk of these very infrequent and lower doses of zoledronate are justified. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
miR‐138‐5p inhibits proliferation and invasion in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma by targeting SINA3 and regulation of the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yang , Qu Hong‐chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe function of miR‐138‐5p as an oncogenic factor has been reported in certain cancers. This study was performed to analyze the potential involvement of miR‐138‐5p in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to explain the expression of miR‐138‐5p in cancer and paired non‐cancer tissues of KIRC patients. Subsequently, miR‐138‐5p expression in KIRC tissues and cell lines, as well as that in normal tissues and normal renal tubular epithelial cell line, was detected. Artificial overexpressing of miR‐138‐5p was applied to observe its effect on the biological behaviors of KIRC cells. The target mRNA of miR‐138‐5p, SIN3A, was predicted and validated. Altered expression of miR‐138‐5p and SIN3A was introduced to confirm their functions in KIRC proliferation and invasion.ResultsWe showed that miR‐138‐5p was down‐regulated in tumor tissues of KIRC patients comparing to adjacent healthy tissues and linked to dismal prognosis in patients. miR‐138‐5p could hinder KIRC proliferation and invasion, while artificial overexpression of SIN3A led to reversed trends. SIN3A was a target mRNA of miR‐138‐5p. miR‐138‐5p and SIN3A together affect the activation of the Notch signaling pathway.ConclusionThis study evidenced that up‐regulated miR‐138‐5p inhibits proliferation and invasion of KIRC cells involving the transcription of SIN3A and the following regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.