bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide increases the effect of ischaemic postconditioning on cardioprotection and mitochondrial function following ex vivo myocardial reperfusion injury in aged rats
Authors: Rajabi Mojgan , Vafaee Manouchehr S. , Hosseini Leila , Badalzadeh Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the combined effect of ischaemic postconditioning (IPostC) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on cardioprotection and mitochondrial function in aged rats subjected to myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Sixty aged Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12), including sham, control, NMN, IPostC, and NMN + IPostC. Regional ischaemia was induced by 30‐min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 60‐min reperfusion. IPostC was applied at the onset of reperfusion, by six cycles of 10‐s reperfusion/ischaemia. NMN (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected every other day for 28 days before IR. Myocardial haemodynamics and infarct size (IS) were measured, and the left ventricles samples were harvested to assess cardiac mitochondrial function. The results showed that all treatments reduced lactate dehydrogenase release compared to those of the control group. IPostC alone failed to reduce IS and myocardial function. However, NMN and combined therapy could significantly improve myocardial function and decrease the IS compared to the control animals. Moreover, the effects of combined therapy on the decrease of IS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were greater than those of stand‐alone treatments. These results demonstrated that cardioprotection by combined therapy with NMN + IPostC was superior to individual treatments, and pretreatment of aged rats with NMN was able to correct the failure of IPostC in protecting the hearts of aged rats against IR injury.
Nutrition risk screening and implications for patients with gynaecological cancers undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and/or other treatment modalities: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Croisier Emilie , Morrissy Alana , Brown Teresa , Grigg Alice , Chan Philip , Goh Jeffrey , Bauer Judy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThere is scarcity of research for the nutritional management of pelvic radiotherapy in gynaecological malignancies and delivery of specialised nutrition care is limited due to the current knowledge gap in guidelines. This study aimed to better understand the nutritional risk, weight changes and pattern of nutrition impact symptoms occurring at various treatment timepoints in this population, to inform an effective model of care.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study included women with gynaecological cancers receiving pelvic radiotherapy at a tertiary hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 (n = 104). Information was collected on: first day of radiotherapy; weekly during treatment; acute‐phase post‐treatment (0–6 weeks); and intermediate‐phase post‐treatment (6 weeks to 6 months). This study reported on incidence of clinically significant weight change (±5%), documented nutrition impact symptoms and the current nutrition care model (nutrition screening, referral, assessment and interventions).ResultsClinically significant weight loss was experienced by 38% (n = 40/104) of patients prior to commencing treatment and 19% (n = 14/73) during treatment. Diarrhoea (n = 40/79), fatigue (n = 54/79), nausea (n = 38/79) and pain (n = 31/79) were frequently reported during treatment, and fatigue (n = 33/92) and pain (n = 25/92) continued acutely post‐treatment. Despite high rates of weight loss and prevalence of nutrition impact symptoms, only 38% (n = 40/104) of patients were referred to a dietitian.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of patients with gynaecological cancers are at nutrition risk before and during treatment due to clinically significant weight loss and prevalence of nutrition impact symptoms experienced. This highlights the importance of nutrition‐risk screening and access to specialised dietetic care as part of their model of care.
Inhibitory effects of icotinib combined with antiangiogenic drugs in human non‐small cell lung cancer xenograft models are better than single target drugs
Authors: Jiang Peng , Zhang Yan , Cui Jiadong , Wang Xiuxiu , Li Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects and potential mechanisms of icotinib combined with antiangiogenic drugs on lung adenocarcinoma in vivo.MethodsA total of 72 mouse xenograft models established with human lung adenocarcinoma cells (HCC827) were randomly divided into six groups, including control, icotinib (Ic), bevacizumab (Bev), recombinant human endostatin (En), Ic + Bev and Ic + En groups. Mouse weights and tumor volumes were measured regularly. Half of the nude mice in each group were sacrificed after 16 days of drug treatment. The remaining animals were observed for another 16 days without drug supply. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect microvessel density in tumor heart, liver, brain specimens from the nude mice and Ki67 expression. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) in tumor tissue specimens was determined by ELISA and Western blot.ResultsThe results showed that the combined drugs inhibited tumor growth more substantially compared with single drugs, without increasing the toxic effects. The antiangiogenesis effect of the combination was better than that of single drug treatment. In addition, both types of targeted drugs and combination medication not only significantly reduced microvessel density in the tumor tissue itself, but also had a certain impact on decreasing microvessel density in the liver. The combination decreased VEGFA and Ki‐67 amounts significantly more than icotinib or endostatin as a monotherapy.ConclusionsIcotinib combined with bevacizumab or rh‐endostatin has a stronger inhibitory effect on tumor growth than single‐target drug in vivo, with no additional side effects.
Impact of the first wave of COVID‐19 on the health and psychosocial well‐being of Māori, Pacific Peoples and New Zealand Europeans living in aged residential care
Authors: Cheung Gary , Bala Sharmin , Lyndon Mataroria , Ma'u Etuini , Rivera Rodriguez Claudia , Waters Debra L. , Jamieson Hamish , Nada‐Raja Shyamala , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Beyene Kebede , Meehan Brigette , Walker Xaviour 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of New Zealand's (NZ) first wave of COVID‐19, which included a nationwide lockdown, on the health and psychosocial well‐being of Māori, Pacific Peoples and NZ Europeans in aged residential care (ARC).MethodsinterRAI assessments of Māori, Pacific Peoples and NZ Europeans (aged 60 years and older) completed between 21/3/2020 and 8/6/2020 were compared with assessments of the same ethnicities during the same period in the previous year (21/3/2019 to 8/6/2019). Physical, cognitive, psychosocial and service utilisation indicators were included in the bivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 538 Māori, 276 Pacific Peoples and 11,322 NZ Europeans had an interRAI assessment during the first wave of COVID‐19, while there were 549 Māori, 248 Pacific Peoples and 12,367 NZ Europeans in the comparative period. Fewer Māori reported feeling lonely (7.8% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.021), but more NZ Europeans reported severe depressive symptoms (6.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.028) during COVID‐19. Lower rates of hospitalisation were observed in Māori (7.4% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.046) and NZ Europeans (8.1% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001) during COVID‐19.ConclusionsWe found a lower rate of loneliness in Māori but a higher rate of depression in NZ European ARC populations during the first wave of COVID‐19. Further research, including qualitative studies with ARC staff, residents and families, and different ethnic communities, is needed to explain these ethnic group differences. Longer‐term effects from the COVID‐19 pandemic on ARC populations should also be investigated.
Supervised Two-Dimensional Functional Principal Component Analysis with Time-to-Event Outcomes and Mammogram Imaging Data
Authors: Jiang Shu , Cao Jiguo , Rosner Bernard , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Screening mammography aims to identify breast cancer early and secondarily measures breast density to classify women at higher or lower than average risk for future breast cancer in the general population. Despite the strong association of individual mammography features to breast cancer risk, the statistical literature on mammogram imaging data is limited. While functional principal component analysis (FPCA) has been studied in the literature for extracting image-based features, it is conducted independently of the time-to-event response variable. With the consideration of building a prognostic model for precision prevention, we present a set of flexible methods, supervised FPCA (sFPCA) and functional partial least squares (FPLS), to extract image-based features associated with the failure time while accommodating the added complication from right censoring. Throughout the article, we hope to demonstrate that one method is favored over the other under different clinical setups. The proposed methods are applied to the motivating data set from the Joanne Knight Breast Health cohort at Siteman Cancer Center. Our approaches not only obtain the best prediction performance compared to the benchmark model, but also reveal different risk patterns within the mammograms.
Selective Prediction-Set Models with Coverage Rate Guarantees
Authors: Feng Jean , Sondhi Arjun , Perry Jessica , Simon Noah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current approach to using machine learning (ML) algorithms in healthcare is to either require clinician oversight for every use case or use their predictions without any human oversight. We explore a middle ground that lets ML algorithms abstain from making a prediction to simultaneously improve their reliability and reduce the burden placed on human experts. To this end, we present a general penalized loss minimization framework for training selective prediction-set (SPS) models, which choose to either output a prediction set or abstain. The resulting models abstain when the outcome is difficult to predict accurately, such as on subjects who are too different from the training data, and achieve higher accuracy on those they do give predictions for. We then introduce a model-agnostic, statistical inference procedure for the coverage rate of an SPS model that ensembles individual models trained using K-fold cross-validation. We find that SPS ensembles attain prediction-set coverage rates closer to the nominal level and have narrower confidence intervals for its marginal coverage rate. We apply our method to train neural networks that abstain more for out-of-sample images on the MNIST digit prediction task and achieve higher predictive accuracy for ICU patients compared to existing approaches.
OCT2013, an ischaemia‐activated antiarrhythmic prodrug, devoid of the systemic side effects of lidocaine
Authors: Hesketh Louise M. , Sikkel Markus B. , Mahoney‐Sanchez Laura , Mazzacuva Francesca , Chowdhury Rasheda A. , Tzortzis Konstantinos N. , Firth Jahn , Winter James , MacLeod Kenneth T. , Ogrodzinski Stefan , Wilder Catherine D. E. , Patterson Laurence H. , Peters Nicholas S. , Curtis Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeSudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by acute myocardial ischaemia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) is an unmet therapeutic need. Lidocaine suppresses ischaemia‐induced VF, but its utility is limited by side effects and a narrow therapeutic index. Here, we characterise OCT2013, a putative ischaemia‐activated prodrug of lidocaine.Experimental ApproachThe rat Langendorff‐perfused isolated heart, anaesthetised rat and rat ventricular myocyte preparations were utilised in a series of blinded and randomised studies to investigate the antiarrhythmic effectiveness, adverse effects and mechanism of action of OCT2013, compared with lidocaine.Key ResultsIn isolated hearts, OCT2013 and lidocaine prevented ischaemia‐induced VF equi‐effectively, but OCT2013 did not share lidocaine's adverse effects (PR widening, bradycardia and negative inotropy). In anaesthetised rats, i.v. OCT2013 and lidocaine suppressed VF and increased survival equi‐effectively; OCT2013 had no effect on cardiac output even at 64 mg·kg−1 i.v., whereas lidocaine reduced it even at 1 mg·kg−1. In adult rat ventricular myocytes, OCT2013 had no effect on Ca2+ handling, whereas lidocaine impaired it. In paced isolated hearts, lidocaine caused rate‐dependent conduction slowing and block, whereas OCT2013 was inactive. However, during regional ischaemia, OCT2013 and lidocaine equi‐effectively hastened conduction block. Chromatography and MS analysis revealed that OCT2013, detectable in normoxic OCT2013‐perfused hearts, became undetectable during global ischaemia, with lidocaine becoming detectable.Conclusions and ImplicationsOCT2013 is inactive but is bio‐reduced locally in ischaemic myocardium to lidocaine, acting as an ischaemia‐activated and ischaemia‐selective antiarrhythmic prodrug with a large therapeutic index, mimicking lidocaine's benefit without adversity.
Revisiting Asian chronic rhinosinusitis in the era of type 2 biologics
Authors: Yao Yin , Zeng Ming , Liu Zheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly heterogeneous disorder exhibiting considerable epidemiological, clinical and immunopathological variations across patients with distinct ethnic backgrounds and in different geographic locations. Asian CRS patients present less eosinophilic and type 2 (T2) inflammation, but more prominent neutrophilic inflammation compared with patients in Western countries. Although several biologics targeting important elements of T2 inflammation, such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IgE, demonstrate promising benefit for Caucasian patients with recurrent nasal polyps, their efficacy in Asian patients remains poorly defined. The distinct endotypes in Asian patients warrant the identification and selection of patients who would benefit from T2 biologics in Asian countries. Additionally, developing novel treatments targeting neutrophilic, type 1, and type 3 inflammation may benefit approximately 50% of Asian CRS patients with non‐T2 inflammation. In this review, we summarized and discussed recent progress in the study of Asian CRS endotypes in comparison with those in patients in Western countries, and the methods of identifying Asian patients with eosinophilic or T2 inflammation. T2 biologic treatment of Asian CRS patients, potential therapeutic candidates targeting non‐T2 inflammation in Asian CRS patients and the progress on developing other T2 biologics were discussed.
Absolute quantification of Bet v 1 in birch polymerized allergenic extracts via mass spectrometry‐targeted analysis
Authors: Moya Raquel , Odena M. Antonia , Gallego Mayte , de Oliveira Eliandre , Carnés Jerónimo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying major allergens is essential for evaluating the quality and efficacy of allergenic extracts. They are usually measured in non‐polymerized extracts using immunoassays. However, the direct measurement of allergens in allergoids is currently not supported. This study set out to develop a method for quantifying Bet v 1 in polymerized birch extracts using mass spectrometry‐based targeted analysis.MethodsThree isotopically labelled peptide sequences of Bet v 1 were synthetized and used as internal standards for the development of a mass spectrometry‐based targeted analysis. The calibration curves of the three peptides to assess the linearity and limit of detection, as well as reverse calibration curves with a constant amount of sample, were constructed. The Bet v 1 content was determined and measured in 18 batches of depigmented (native extracts purified by a mild acid treatment) and depigmented‐polymerized extracts.ResultsBet v 1 isoforms were identified in both type of extracts by mass spectrometry. According to mass spectrometry‐targeted analysis depigmented and depigmented‐polymerized extracts exhibited mean values of 70.5 and 73.5 µg Bet v 1/mg of lyophilized extract, respectively. A statistically significant correlation between the allergen content of both extracts was identified. Statistically significant differences were observed when the Bet v 1 content in non‐polymerized extracts was measured via mass spectrometry (70.5 ± 11.6 µg/mg) or immunoassay (83.7 ± 19.8 µg/mg).ConclusionsThese results represent the first direct quantification of Bet v 1 in allergoids using mass spectrometry‐based targeted analysis. The proposed method demonstrates robustness and reliability and constitutes a promising alternative for detailed characterization of polymerized allergenic extracts.
Readability assessment of the British Association of Dermatologists’ patient information leaflets
Authors: Hunt W. T. N. , Sofela J. , Mohd Mustapa M. F. ,   on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists’ Clinical Standards Unit, Levell N. J. , McDonald B. , Chua S. L. , Laws P. , Daunton A. , Frow H. , Petrof G. , Mohd Mustapa M. F. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
The British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) develops and produces patient information leaflets (PILs) for British clinicians and the general public, and its website provides access to all the PILs. Health literacy across the UK remains variable. Readability instruments assess the comprehensibility of text, predominately using a composite of sentence length and/or word-syllable number. Instruments usually report text readability categorized by United States (US) grades; ideally, health literature should be rated at US grade ≤ 6 (UK Year 7; age 11–12 years).

Methods
In collaboration with the BAD, PILs on the BAD website (n = 203) were downloaded for readability assessment. PILs were processed prior to analysis using Readability Studio software (Oleander Software, Vandalia, OH, USA). Established readability metrics were used: Flesch–Kincaid (FK), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Gunning fog index (GFI), Fry, FORCAST and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE).

Results
The mean (95% CI) US grade levels for all BAD PILs were: 9.8 (9.7–10.0) for FK, 12.1 (12.0–12.3) for SMOG, 11.8 (11.6–11.9) for GFI, 11.5 (11.1–11.8) for Fry and 10.7 (10.6–10.8) for FORCAST. For FRE, the level is reported from a normal spectrum of 0–100, and was found to be 52.2 (95% CI 34.0–78.0) in this study. In the UK context, the mean readability levels of the BAD PILs were rated as Year 10 (age 14–15 years) for FK and Year 13 (aged 17–18 years) for SMOG. For FK, outputs, only 1.0% of PILs (2 of 203) were the recommended US grade ≤ 6 according to FK, and for SMOG rating, none was rated at this level.

Discussion
The majority of BAD PILs have been written at a level that will be challenging for some patients to read. Reducing sentence length and aiming for shorter words will improve accessibility.
What’s being recommended to patients on social media? A cross-sectional analysis of alopecia treatments on YouTube®
Authors: Killion L. , Therianou A. , Watchorn R. E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Our study shows that treatment recommendations provided through social media are based on evidence of variable quality. However, on Youtube®, there was no significant difference between viewership numbers between physicians and nonphysicians. Therefore, Dermatologists with expertise in alopecia should consider utilizing social media to promote evidence-based treatment options for all alopecia subtypes.
Subcutaneous vacuoles with suppuration and granulomas: a histological clue to atypical mycobacterial infection
Authors: Barbosa E. , Wolinska A. , Feighery C. , Roche M. , Szontagh-Kishazi P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An 83-year-old woman was referred to the Dermatology department with a papular eruption on her left arm, occurring below the scar site of a malignant melanoma in situ, which had been excised 6 months previously. On physical examination, multiple, tender, violaceous papules and nodules inferior to the scar were noted, with central pustules in some of the lesions.
Baricitinib for recalcitrant subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with concomitant frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Kreuter Alexander , Licciardi-Fernandez Maximiliano J. , Burmann Sven-Niklas , Paschos Alexandros , Michalowitz Alena-Lioba 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We read with great interest the recently published article by Joos et al. on the successful use of baricitinib for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The authors presented a heavily pretreated case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) with almost complete clearance following 6 months of baricitinib therapy. We would like to add our experiences of baricitinib for SCLE in a patient with concomitant frontal fibrosing alopecia.
An introduction to decision science for conservation
Authors: Hemming Victoria , Camaclang Abbey E. , Adams Megan S. , Burgman Mark , Carbeck Katherine , Carwardine Josie , Chadès Iadine , Chalifour Lia , Converse Sarah J. , Davidson Lindsay N. K. , Garrard Georgia E. , Finn Riley , Fleri Jesse R. , Huard Jacqueline , Mayfield Helen J. , Madden Eve McDonald , Naujokaitis‐Lewis Ilona , Possingham Hugh P. , Rumpff Libby , Runge Michael C. , Stewart Daniel , Tulloch Vivitskaia J. D. , Walshe Terry , Martin Tara G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiodiversity conservation decisions are difficult, especially when they involve differing values, complex multidimensional objectives, scarce resources, urgency, and considerable uncertainty. Decision science embodies a theory about how to make difficult decisions and an extensive array of frameworks and tools that make that theory practical. We sought to improve conceptual clarity and practical application of decision science to help decision makers apply decision science to conservation problems. We addressed barriers to the uptake of decision science, including a lack of training and awareness of decision science; confusion over common terminology and which tools and frameworks to apply; and the mistaken impression that applying decision science must be time consuming, expensive, and complex. To aid in navigating the extensive and disparate decision science literature, we clarify meaning of common terms: decision science, decision theory, decision analysis, structured decision‐making, and decision‐support tools. Applying decision science does not have to be complex or time consuming; rather, it begins with knowing how to think through the components of a decision utilizing decision analysis (i.e., define the problem, elicit objectives, develop alternatives, estimate consequences, and perform trade‐offs). This is best achieved by applying a rapid‐prototyping approach. At each step, decision‐support tools can provide additional insight and clarity, whereas decision‐support frameworks (e.g., priority threat management and systematic conservation planning) can aid navigation of multiple steps of a decision analysis for particular contexts. We summarize key decision‐support frameworks and tools and describe to which step of a decision analysis, and to which contexts, each is most useful to apply. Our introduction to decision science will aid in contextualizing current approaches and new developments, and help decision makers begin to apply decision science to conservation problems.