bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index-Handbook of Ototoxic Agents 1966-1971, by E. Louisa Worthington, Lois F. Lunin, Miriam Heath, and Francis I. Catlin. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1973, 637 pp., $22.50
Authors: Jaffe Burton 
Published: December 2021

This index-handbook is written to alert the physician about the potential ototoxic dangers of new drugs as well as to stress the special conditions which enhance the ototoxicity of old and established drugs. No prior compilation of these facts has been published; so this handbook fills an important gap in medical communication.
The Information Center for Hearing, Speech, and Disorders of Human Communication is engaged in information transfer, and this handbook has "the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and repackaging detailed information, experimental and clinical, concerning the effects of ototoxic agents on the auditory and vestibular system."
Perinatal Effects of Chemical Pollutants: Suggested Studies
Authors: Battaglia Frederick C. 
Published: December 2021

Research in obstetrics is developing much more rapidly than most pediatricians appreciate. The impetus comes in part from various methods to test placental function as well as to identify drugs for induction or prevention of labor.
The onset of labor at the 28th week, or in any event prematurely, is one area that ought to be studied for a possible relationship to chemical pollutants. If one looks at the onset of labor-in part triggered by the pituitary-adrenal axis of the fetus but also in part by enzyme systems related to the synthesis of prostaglandins in the uterine mucosa (which trigger uterine contractions)-one can see ways of blocking enzymes that would channel certain fatty acids to prostaglandins.
In regard to the relationship between placental growth and fetal growth, it has become clear in animals such as the sheep-where implantation sites are grossly obvious before pregnancy (40-50 in each uterine horn)-that some animals use only 20 and others use all. The animals using all sites have larger placentas and larger babies, whereas those using fewer implantation sites have smaller total trophoblasts and smaller infants at term. What determines this selection of implantation sites? The effect of pollutants could be measured as to selection of implantation sites, and on the fertility of sperm as it relates to cervical mucus. Also, one might examine the concentration of various substances in oocytes. The selective concentration of chemicals in reproductive secretions and tissues could have a marked effect upon reproduction and should be studied.
The importance of events during the second trimester of pregnancy should be emphasized.
Scleredema and Carditis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yogman Michael , Echeverria Peter 
Published: December 2021

Scleredema is a rare connective tissue disease "characterized by firm nonpitting edema, usually affecting the face, neck, scalp, conjunctivae, and thorax, occasionally the arms and more rarely the legs, sparing the hands and feet."1 The etiology is unknown but often follows a streptococcal infection. Systemic manifestations of the disease have been described,2 and cardiac involvement has been present in some of these patients (Table 1).3-6 The purpose of this report is to describe a child with scleredema and carditis and to review this association.
CASE REPORT
A 14-year-old retarded white boy was in good health until six weeks prior to admission when he developed pharyngitis and an upper respiratory tract infection.
Renal Abnormalities in the Russell-Silver Syndrome
Authors: Spirer Z. , Soferman R. , Bogair N. 
Published: December 2021

Haslam et al.,1 reporting abnormal excretory urograms or cystograms in four of six children with the Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS), stress the importance of thorough urological examination of RSS cases. In a recent review of 100 cases of hemihypertrophy,2 which is one feature of the RSS, similar urinary excretory defects are mentioned.
We present a typical case of RSS with a urinary malformation resembling that of Haslam's case 2.
CASE REPORT
K.T., a male infant 1 month of age and admitted to our hospital because of sudden dyspnea, is the third child of healthy Oriental Jews.
Regulation of Amino Acid Metabolism in Mammals, by Bernard Schepartz, Ph.D. Philadelphia/London/Toronto: W. B. Saunders Company, 1973, 205 pp., $9.50
Authors: Levy Harvey L. 
Published: December 2021

During the past few years there has been published an increasing number of books reviewing the subject of amino acid metabolism. With a few notable exceptions, these books have been repetitious, have had no innovative central themes, and, consequently, have contained little information not already available.
However, reading the preface to this monograph evoked a good bit of excitement. For here was a book that would attempt to discuss mammalian amino acid metabolism not in the conventional manner of listing pathways but in terms of regulatory mechanisms and integration into the whole organism.
DR. JEAN ASTRUC ON MORBUS PEDICULARIS AND THE LOUSE WITH FOUR TESTICLES
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1746 an English edition of lectures on diseases of children given by Dr. Jean Astruc (1684-1766) was published anonymously in England. The preface describes it as "preferable to anything written on the present subject." This may be an overstatement, but the book was certainly in advance of most that had been written before, and of some that were written later.1
Part of the chapter on Phthiriasis or Morbus Pedicularis is given below.
Though this subject is very nauseous and disagreeable to the physician, yet he should not be ignorant thereof, nor neglect its treatment, being very troublesome, and even dangerous, to children. It may happen to all, but it is more frequently observable in dirty, neglected infants. Some authors report, that they have seen infinite numbers of lice on all parts of the body; that they not only appeared on its surface, but also betwixt the cuticula and cutis, forming whitish superficial tumours. This kind of Pthiriasis I never observed: but have frequently seen it in the head, especially of those who are infected with a scabies, tinea, or crusta lactea, of that part....
The origin of Pediculi the moderns justly derive from eggs; from the axiom, omne animale ex oco, is true in this case. These eggs in the head are small, round, and whitish tumours or vesicles, fixed to the roots of the hair. The vermin have distinct males and females, and are not hermaphrodites, as several authors have imagined. The males have four testicles.
Congenital Porencephaly
Authors: Nixon George W. , Johns Richard E. , Myers Garth G. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital porencephaly originates early in fet al development as a component of diffuse cerebral malformation. In infancy the patients have clinical manifestations of local or generalized cerebral disease. Convulsions, delaved growth and development and focal motor deficits are the most common clinical findings. Skull films, transillumination and brain scanning are useful methods of examination. Intracranial pneumography is the definitive means of diagbnosis.
Roentgen studies in unilateral cases demonstrate characteristic changes. This pattern consists of ipsilateral calvarial enlargement and thinning, bilateral ventricular dilatation and contralateral shift of midline structures. Other anomalies of the cerebrum and meninges are often demonstrated on roentgen studies.
The prognosis in these patients is guarded. Significant mental and motor retardation occurred in nearly all cases.
The Need To Be Attentive to What Mothers Say
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. James B. Harrison, a successful mid-19th century English practitioner, advised a young practitioner to be attentive to what mothers say as follows:
I was once called to see a child which had been crying very much, and was shown a minute spot upon it, which even required careful examination to distinguish. This I did not attach much importance to, but I was afterwards told that a blackened fragment of a needle was ultimately drawn out from it. This shows how careful one ought to be where children are concerned who cannot describe their feelings. It is a good rule always to be very attentive to what mothers say; for, however foolish they are in their way of treatment, you may rely on it that they are good observers where their own children are concerned. They are full of prejudices, conceits, and absurdities, but still they are no bad observers; and let me tell you never to neglect to notice what they say. If you do, you will assuredly some day repent not having given more notice to their tales.1
Improved Prognosis for Infants of Very Low Birthweight
Authors: Stewart Ann L. , Reynolds E. O. R. 
Published: December 2021

Following the introduction of a program of intensive care for infants of very low birthweight, 197 infants who weighed 1,500 gm or less at birth were cared for in the Neonatal Unit of University College Hospital, London, in the five years from 1966 to 1970. During this period, the neonatal survival rate for infants weighing 501 to 1,000 gm was 23% and for those weighing 1,001 to 1,500 gm was 69%. The principal immediate cause of death was hypoxia around the time of birth or hyaline membrane disease. Ninety-five of the 98 surviving children, aged 2 years 10 months to 7 years 10 months (mean, 5 years 2 months) were followed up. They all had repeated physical examinations and developmental assessments. Sixty-five of the older children also had IQ tests. The results showed that 86 (90.5%) of the children had no detectable handicap, 4 (4.2%) had physical handicaps only, and S (5.3%) had mental handicaps, including two children with physical handicaps. The incidence of handicap was very much greater among infants presumed to have been severely hypoxic than among the remaining infants.
We conclude that intensive care can both increase the chance of survival for infants of very low birthweight amid reduce the incidence of serious handicap in survivors.
Early Post-Transplant Function of 33 Machine-Preserved Human Cadaveric Kidneys in Children
Authors: Moore Thomas C. , Fine Richard N. , Asch Morris J. , Berne Thomas V. , English Thomas S. 
Published: December 2021

Thirty-three of 254 machine-preserved and transplanted human cadaveric kidneys were transplanted into children 16 years of age and younger (13%). Early post-transplant function was classified as F (immediate and continuing good function), FAR (immediate good function, then accelerated rejection), SF (slow initial function), and NF (nonfunction). Early function other than F for machine-preserved kidneys of good quality from perfusion data was considered likely to be due to recipient presensitization to donor transplant antigens.
The incidence of F during first transplants of good quality was 78% for recipients 12 and under, 63% for recipients 13 to 16, and 42% for adult recipients. The incidence of F for second and third transplants for these age groups was 80%, 50%, and 21%. The predictability error of antibody-against-the-panel assays (10% or more) with respect to early transplant function of other than F class was 47% (4 of 9) for recipients 16 and younger and 17% (7 of 42) for adult recipients of first, second, and third transplants. Shorter pretransplant durations of hemodialysis and the frequent use of high functional capacity adult-donor kidneys for small pediatric-age recipients are suggested as major factors contributing to these recipient-age-related early post-transplant function responses.
Concepts of School Health Programs
Authors: Burnett Robert D. , Bell Leo S. , Frank Donald J. , Goldstein Paul S. , Haverty J Rhodes , Kahn Lawrence , Silver Henry K. , Rinker Andrew , Lagozzino Daniel A. , Eldredge L. L. , Poncher John R. , Rogers Kenneth D. , Schell Norman B. , Shackleford E. C. , Sia Calvin C. J. , Smull Ned 
Published: December 2021

School health programs have traditionally included health education, health services, and healthful school living. As a concept of school medicine has appeared, there has developed a specialized area of medical practice that is concerned with the identification, observation, and management of special health problems in the school setting. Increasing emphasis has been placed on identifying high-risk groups of children with potential learning problems, making proper referrals early, and developing a closer liaison between various medical, educational, and psychosocial personnel involved with the individual child's optimal performance in school.
The child's primary physician, the school physician or medical consultant, and the school nurse make up the basic school health team. In the ideal school health program, this team works collaboratively with parents, teachers, and other school and health personnel who may include dental professionals, psychologists, speech and hearing specialists, counselors, social workers, mental health specialists, health educators, and others.
The physician practicing school medicine must know the scientific basis and technique of various school health screening tests and examinations. He must know the general provisions of laws and regulations governing school health; functions and appropriate involvement of school personnel, such as the psychologist, guidance counselors, special teachers, and social workers; identification and appropriate management of school-related emotional and learning problems; and the identification and special needs of handicapped children in school. He must know standards for the school physical environment and develop effective administrative and record-keeping practices. He must understand desirable employee health practices and programs, organize emergency plans for the school, and recommend safe athletic practices and equipment.
Ampicillin-Resistant Strains of Hemophilus influenzae type B
Authors: Katz Samuel , Klein Jerome O. , Yow Martha D. , Barrett Fred F. , Feldman Roger S. , Fleming Peter , Overturf Gary , Wehrle Paul F. , Wilfert Catherine 
Published: December 2021

Strains of Hemophilus influenzae type b highly resistant in vitro to ampicillin have been reported from several widely separated locations in the United States since December 1973.1-4 These strains were isolated from children with meningitis and the clinical course corroborated the in vitro susceptibility results. Until the importance of these resistant strains can be ascertained, hospital laboratories are urged to test clinical isolates of H. influenzae type b for susceptibility to ampicillin, and physicians must reconsider the treatment of patients with severe disease due to this organism.
Ampicillin disk sensitivity tests of H. influenzae isolates are satisfactory for screening purposes but strains that are of equivocal sensitivity or are resistant should also be tested by a quantitative method, such as the tube dilution or agar diffusion techniques. The appropriate methods for antibiotic susceptibility tests were reviewed recently in a weekly report of the Center for Disease control.5 If facilities for these tests are unavailable or if confirmation of test results is desired, the bacterial strains may be forwarded, via the State Public Health Laboratory, to the Center for Disease Control.
In areas where resistant strains have been recognized, initial therapy of children with documented or suspected severe infection due to H. infiuenzae type b, such as sepsis, meningitis, epiglottitis, arthritis, or cellulitis, should include an antimicrobial agent of known efficacy. Initial administration of penicillin G or ampicillin and chloramphenicol would seem appropriate at this time. The antimicrobial regimen should be reevaluated when the results of the bacterial isolation studies and antimicrobial sensitivity tests are available.
Pharmacologic Basis for the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Gelband Henry , Rosen Michael R. 
Published: December 2021

The treatment of many cardiac arrhythmias occurring in the pediatric population is often a perplexing therapeutic problem. An apparent increase in the incidence of these arrhythmias is occurring, probably for several reasons. Physicians have attained a greater awareness of the problem of cardiac arrhythmias in the young; diagnostic capabilities have been improved; and large numbers of patients with congenital cardiac malformations now undergo total surgical correction and experience postoperative cardiac arrhythmias.
The pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias in pediatric patients is determined by multiple factors. Probably foremost among these is the clinical efficacy of a given drug in the hands of an individual pediatrician; that is, his personal experience in antiarrhythmic therapy. Information and experience here are often limited, however, and in many instances the determining factor in selection and method of administration of a drug to the pediatric patient is its use in the treatment of arrhythmias in the adult. Additional requirements for the rational choice of the proper antiarrhythmic agent are (1) an accurate diagnosis of the cardiac arrhythmia; (2) a knowledge of the mechanism for initiation and maintenance of an arrhythmia; (3) an understanding of the electrophysiologic effects, pharmacologic properties and metabolism of the drugs available; and (4) the clinical status of the patient. Any electrolyte imbalance, concomitant drug therapy or organ system dysfunction may alter the absorption and metabolism of the drug.
In the past decade there has been a large increment in the literature concerning mechanisms underlying the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and their therapy. Our purpose in this review is to familiarize pediatricians with the electrophysiologic basis for arrhythmias, with the mechanisms of action of the commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs, and with their administration, metabolism, excretion and undesirable effects.
Endogenous and Exogenous Insulin Responses in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wilmshurst Errol G. , Soeldner J. Stuart , Holsclaw Douglas S. , Kaufmann Robert L. , Shwachman Harry , Aoki Thomas T. , Gleason Ray E. 
Published: December 2021

Eight male patients with cystic fibrosis, normal nutrition, normal physical activity, relatively mild pulmonary disease, no evidence of liver disease and no family history of diabetes mellitus underwent a series of carbohydrate tolerance tests in comparison with a group of 18 normal male subjects matched for age and body weight.
Compared with the normal group, the patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and significantly lower serum immunoreactive insulin levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests; serum insulin levels were also significantly lower after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in the patients with cystic fibrosis, but the reduction in blood glucose concentration in each group was not significantly different. During an intravenous insulin test, the decrease in blood glucose concentration was the same for both groups, in spite of significantly lower serum insulin levels in the patients with cystic fibrosis. The percentage fall in plasma free fatty acids was at least as great in the patients with cystic fibrosis as in normals during the test procedures, while a significant decrease in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen after intravenously administered insulin was seen only in the patients with cystic fibrosis.
These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.
Biliary atresia and the Kasai operation
Authors: Koop C. Everett 
Published: December 2021

Biliary atresia has been the most disappointing lesion to treat among those congenital anomalies theoretically amenable to surgical correction. With a flurry of reports of a "new" or "Japanese" operation for biliary atresia with as high as 80% success if done early enough, it is important to review some aspects of the state of our knowledge.
The Japanese operation should properly be called the Kasai operation. It is not new; Dr. Mario Kasai had done his first successful operation before he was my resident 16 years ago. The patient is 17 years postoperative; I have seen him, and he is well.
Teen-Agers Evaluate Their Own Health Care
Authors: McAnarney Elizabeth R. , Hagen Margaret A. , Adams Barbara H. , Friedman Stanford B. 
Published: December 2021

Emphasis in the news media on health has provided the lay public with easier accessibility to information on health-related topics. Knowledgeable consumers are now demanding participation in decision-making affecting their own medical care.
Traditionally, health programs were planned and administered almost exclusively by the medical profession. However, a wide representation of consumers of the medical system now serve on health councils and planning boards. Another means of recipient participation in health planning is consumer evaluation of existing programs. One problem with this type of study is that adults generally respond favourably when asked about the medical care they have received.
Protein Advisory Group's Recommendations Deplored
Authors: Graham George G. 
Published: December 2021

The April issue carried a thoughtful review of the possible untoward effects of milk drinking prepared by the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of pediatrics. It is regrettable, however, that the Committee chose to endorse the recommendations of the Protein Advisory Group of the United Nations.
Alarmist statements in the lay press are unfortunate and, to a great extent, untrue. I refer to the subject of "lactose intolerance": at present it does not represent a nutrition problem in this country.
Lettrt To The Editor
Authors: Holliday Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Graham argues that the Committee on Nutrition should not encourage the use of lactose-containing milk base formulas for the treatment of diarrhea. The Committee on Nutrition is aware of the prevalence of lactose intolerance under these conditions and appreciates the complications that may result. The Committee is also aware that lactose-free milk substitute formulas have become available commercially and under government contract development.
However, it is also clear that the lactose-free substitutes are not always available.
Lettrt To The Editor
Authors: Lawson Edward Earle 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Thaler's letter raises several questions about our recent article1 which we are happy to have the opportunity to discuss. Unfortunately he has misread the sentence " familial neonatal hepatitis had significantly more serious morbidity and mortality than the sporadic disease, whether or not surgically treated." "Whether or not" refers to sporadic cases not familial cases and therefore our conclusion is justifled.
In regard to the type of illness occurring in the two families, there were indeed two distinct clinical courses, consistent with the heterogeneity of presentation and outcome of neonatal hepatitis.