bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hydrological Digital Twin by Artificial Neural Networks for Flood Simulation in Gardon de Sainte-Croix Basin, France
Authors: Alperen Cagri Inan , Artigue Guillaume , Kurtulus Bedri , Pistre Séverin , Johannet Anne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding, simulating and forecasting dynamic and nonlinear natural phenomena are necessary in a climate change context and increased sensitivity of societies to natural hazards. Nevertheless, even though powerful computing tools and algorithms have been widely used to understand and to predict natural disasters, these tasks are still challenging for scientists. Indeed, one of the most dangerous natural phenomena, flash floods keep being a challenge for modelers, despite (i) the existence of some effective hydrological simulating tools, and (ii) the increasing availability of descriptive data, especially rainfall and discharge. In particular, on one hand, environmental data contain an important amount of noise leading to additional uncertainties and on the other hand, physically based models strongly depend on assumptions about the behavior of the basin, that is often more variable in space and time than what is modelled. With the objective of applying data assimilation to improve forecasting properties of the physical model, it is necessary to dispose of a differentiable model. In order to mitigate this issue, a hybrid physical and statistical approach is proposed in this study. It was shown in previous works that deep neural networks are able to identify any differentiable function by using the universal approximation property. Deep neural networks are also good candidates to perform the digital twin of the physical model. Thus, three different neural networks models were designed in this study, and each one is implementing a different type of non-linear filter model, in order to achieve the dynamic character of the catchment area (recurrent, feedforward and static models). The study area is located in the Gardon de Sainte-Croix basin (France), which is known for its sudden and violent floods that caused casualties and a lot of damage. The chosen physical-based model is semi distributed conceptual hydrological SOCONT model, RS Minerve (https://www.crealp.ch/down/rsm/install2/archives.html). Neural networks design was done by using a rigorous complexity selection and regularization methods to promote a good generalization. The three models obtained were thus compared. The feed forward model gave the best results on tests events (Nash score=0.98−0.99), making full use of the inputs with previous observed discharges whereas the recurrent model gave interesting results representing satisfactorily the dynamics of the physical model (Nash score=0.8−0.97). The static model, whose inputs contain only rainfall, is less efficient, showing the importance of dynamics in that kind of system (Nash score=0.62−0.84). Beyond data assimilation, these results open paths of inquiry for building digital twins of physical model, allowing also a great reduction of computing time.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Features of Native Gold From Placers of the Evota Gold-Bearing Region (Russia, Aldan Shield)
Authors: Zhuravlev Anatolii , Nikiforova Zinaida , Ivanov Aleksey , Ivanov Michil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evota gold-bearing region is located in south of Republic Sakha (Yakutia) within the Nimnyr terrane of Aldan shield. A large numbers of gold-bearing placers are known on studied territory, but the primary sources for them have not been established. In this work, based on the study of the mineralogical and geochemical features of gold from alluvial deposits of the Evota gold-bearing region, possible genetic types of primary sources are considered. Obtained data showed that native gold in the studied objects has a very high, high and medium fineness. The roundness of gold is different. Almost ore crystals with sharp edges and well-rounded individuals with polished faces were found. The fineness of the studied gold grains was determined by microprobe analyzer Cameca Camebax-micro and varies in the range from 812 to 1000 %⁰. A thin (up to 20 μm) high-grade rim was found in two grains (cr. Zolotoy). The central part of one of them has a fineness of 865 %o, and in the edge part it reaches 1000 %⁰, which indicates that this gold was in the hypergenesis zone. Admixture elements determined as traces and are presented Cu, Pd, Fe, Ni. Minerals-microinclusions - quartz, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, staurolite, maldonite, bismuthite revealed in gold grains. In some watercourses, for example, in the creek Sukhoi, only very high fineness gold (993-1000 %⁰) was found. The presence of high-grade gold (cr. Sukhoi), intergrowths of gold with bismuthite (cr. Zolotoy), as well as inclusions of maldonite (cr. Yagodny) gives opportunity for assuming that primary sources could be basic ores such presented in the P. Pinigin deposit. At the sites (cr. Elovyi, r. Evota), both medium-grade and very high-grade gold were found, the fineness range varied from 827 to 998 %⁰. The presence of gold with medium fineness and good roundness in studied watercourses probably indicates an additional supply of gold from primary sources formed as a result of the alkaline magmatism development of the Mesozoic age. Thus, for gold with high and very high fineness by admixture-elements, chemical composition and microinclusions, a genetic relationship with primary sources similar to the P. Pinigin deposit was found; for gold grains with medium fineness, formation in gold-ore mineralization characterized for the Mesozoic stage ore development such in deposits of Central-Aldan ore region is assumed.
Geological Mapping of Rates and São Félix of Laúndos Region (Northern Portugal)
Authors: Amorim Paula , Couto Helena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Rates and São Félix of Laúndos region is located in the NW extension of the Valongo Anticline (Northern Portugal), comprising Palaeozoic formations with ages ranging from the Cambrian to the Carboniferous, locally overlaid by Plio-Pleistocene beach deposits and dunes. Detailed geological mapping was developed. The fieldwork allowed distinguishing different lithostratigraphic units, some of them fossiliferous. The study under optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) allowed noting the presence of volcanic rocks along the Palaeozoic succession. A rhyolite in the Cambrian - Ordovician transition, a likely ignimbrite in the Upper Ordovician, and the existence of a porphyry in the Carboniferous, were for the first time identified in this region. The palaeontological study focuses on the samples collected in the field, essentially belonging to the Middle Ordovician (Valongo Formation), but also to Silurian and Carboniferous. The Devonian formations are largely covered by agricultural fields and by urbanization, not allowing the collect of fossils, so the Devonian fossils studied belong to the Stratigraphical and Palaeontological Collection of the Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto. The geological mapping previously developed in this region goes back to the XX century. In the present work a detailed geological mapping at a scale of 1:15 000 was developed, with reinterpretation of the stratigraphic succession.
Image Segmentation for Reflected-Light Microscopy: Some Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Pagnotta Stefano , Aquino Andrea , Lezzerini Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOften when we approach the study of lithologies coming from the urban environment, but in general, even from any other environment, be it a quarry, a mine, an outcrop of our interest, the first study we carry out is the one in reflected-light optical-microscopy. Reflected-light microscopy in respect to transmitted-light microscopy requires minimal sample preparation, having to polish a single surface and without the need to thin the samples to allow light to pass through them. It may be useful, already in the first analysis, to try to produce quantitative data on what we are observing. A further advantage of reflected light in an urban environment is that of being able to observe and describe the formation or interaction between opaque minerals and the environment. Information that we lose by passing directly to the transmitted light. The information that can be useful to us and that we can obtain are the relative porosity of the sample, the texture (when easily recognizable in reflected light), the maximum size and shape of the edges of the grains. To all this is added the relationship between the areas of the different crystallites identified and the possible background mass, which cannot be solved on the observation scale. When we are dealing with many samples, we do not always have the time to be able to study individually sample by sample through images, so we resort to the use of image analysis tools for image segmentation and analysis. Among these, the main thresholding method with the Otsu method, the segmentation with the k averages algorithm, and, finally, a neural network of the SOM type. In this short work, we will review the main methods of image segmentation plus an innovative method developed by our group, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.
The Effect of Surface Finishes on Rising Damp in Oriented Strand Board
Authors: Kratochvílová Erika , Patloka Jiří , Šlanhof Jiří 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is known that oriented strand board (OSB) is prone to water absorption. This characteristic of OSB is undesirable, it can have a negative impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the material and it can also make it prone to attack from wood-destroying insects, rot or mould. The research follows previous work of the authors related to optimisation of surface finishes for OSB in order to increase its moisture resistance. The aim of the research is to compare the rise of dampness in test specimens with different types of coating, spray, primer and waterproofing under predefined conditions. The paper contains a definition of the basic material, test specimens and test methods, and covers 8 different types of surface finish materials selected for application to the test specimens. The results include graphs showing rise of dampness in the test specimens for each day of observation. The results are also discussed and in the conclusion the results are evaluated. The results of the experiments confirm the assumption that the choice of surface finish has a significant effect on slowing down the rise of dampness in OSB.
The First Record of Eotrigonobalanus Furcinervis (Fagaceae) from the Oligocene of the Thrace Basin, Western Turkey
Authors: Sari Meral Kaya , Gülen Bilal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEotrigonobalanus furcinerviswas recorded for the first time from the Oligocene sediments of the Thrace Basin. The species was discovered in the upper part of the Danişmen Formation from the Marmaraereglisi Area, southeastern the Basin.Eotrigonobalanus furcinervisappeared in large numbers early during the early Paleocene–late Oligocene localities in Europe; especially in Thrace of Greece, Bulgaria, Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. Therefore, this data is valuable as the first recording for Thrace Basin.
Utilization of Risk Analysis of Hydraulic Structures for Efficient Allocation of Means
Authors: Broucek Miroslav , Satrapa Ladislav , Fosumpaur Pavel , Horsky Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Efficient allocation of available means presuppose detailed knowledge about risks, costs and benefits within the area of interest. The societal demand for increased safety of hydraulic structures, as components of the critical infrastructure, requires considerable investment. To evaluate the effectiveness of potential measures in an environment influenced by epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, risk analysis and cost-benefit analysis are used in practice. The above described approach is now fully implemented when considering natural floods and structural flood protection measures, and also presented in the paper. For potential failures of dams and other important hydraulic structures however the procedure becomes rather more complex to comprehend the effect of designed measures on different failure modes. After introducing governing theoretical principles used for the natural flood vs structural measures analysis, the paper presents examples of application of combination of cost-benefit and risk analysis in the framework of the authors’ work as Strategic Expert of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic for the different stages of the flood prevention program. The last part of the paper focuses on dam safety and the application of risk analysis as a support tool for decision making processes. It describes the practice applied in the Czech Republic and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the current approach while suggesting further possible improvement.
Characterization of polymetallic ore and flotation concentrate from the Mária Mine (Rožňava, Špis-Gemer Ore Mts., Eastern Slovakia)
Authors: Hredzák Slavomír , Matik Marek , šestinová Olga , Kupka Daniel , Hančul’ák Jozef , Zubrik Anton , Znamenácková Ingrid , Dolinská Silvia , Sisol Martin , Marcin Michal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The contribution deal with the study on composition of tetrahedrite-bearing siderite ore from Maria Mine nearby Rožnava and of tetrahedrite concentrate prepared from this ore by froth flotation. The Rožnava ors field consists of two main vein systems, namely Mária and Strieborná (Argenteous/Silvery) ones, respectively. The both vein systems are situated in the Early Paleozoic Gelnica Group of the Gemeric Superunit, in Bystrý Potok Formation (Upper Silurian) and in the Drnava Formation (Early Devonian). The filling of vein systems is formed mainly by siderite, quartz, tetrahedrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, ankerite, albite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, less tourmaline, sericite, chlorite, apatite, magnetite, etc. The rock surroundings is represented by quartzy metapsammite, sericitic-quartzite and sericitic-graphitic phyllites (Jakubiak, 2008, Blišt’an, 2009, Varga, 2013, Mikus, 2018). Thus, metal ore as a feed to froth flotation and obtained concentrate were subjected to grain size analysis. The grain size fractions were assayed using GA, AAS, MS-ICP and CHNS. Mineral composition of samples was studied using XRD. So, polymetal ore contains 18.99 % SiO2, 37.01 % FeO, 1.84 % MnO, 7.36 % C, 2.36 % Cu, 1.70 % Sb, 0.15 % As, 2.32 % S, 770 ppm Ag and 216 ppm Hg. Tetrahedrite concentrate containing 25.59 % Cu, 19.68 % Sb, 1.19 % As, 20.08 % S, 0.57 % Ag, 1.20 % Hg, 1 % SiO2, 16.16 % FeO, 0.48 % MnO and 2.17 % C at a mass yield of 4 % was prepared. XRD study showed that siderite occurs as a dominant mineral in metal ore. Quartz, tetrahedrite and sericite are presented as accompanying minerals. Accessories are represented by chlorite, probably clinochlore. As to flotation concentrate, tetrahedrite is dominant mineral, which accompanied by siderite. Accessories can be represented by chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sericite, pyrite, quartz and chlorite.
Dissolved oxygen variability of Indonesian seas over decades as detected by satellite remote sensing
Authors: Triana K , Wahyudi A J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The dissolved oxygen (DO) decrease in the ocean is a notable issue because of its potential impacts on marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem services. Satellite remote sensing application to support in-situ measurement is a time and cost-saving on wide scales DO monitoring. This study aims to determine the DO variability from 1993 to 2020, identify the potential areas to experience deoxygenation, and investigate the correlation between DO and other ocean parameters in Indonesian seas. The validation between in-situ and satellite-derived DO shows the determination coefficient of 0.73, indicating the satellite dataset reliability for the entire analysis. The multiple regression analysis among the long-term satellite-derived ocean parameters shows that the in-situ DO can be estimated by the combination of the potential temperature, total chlorophyll-a, and salinity. The potential temperature was statistically identified as the parameter with the highest correlation and influence on DO. The results of DO variability analysis show the overall decreasing trend with significant decreases in 1998, 2010, and 2016. There is a distinct difference in DO’s seasonal patterns in the southwestern and northeastern regions. The potential of ocean deoxygenation is detected in western Sumatra waters and the Arafura Sea at the 200–1,000 meters depth.
Sea surface temperatures in the South China Sea as a natural thermostat to the rainfall over Borneo: preliminary results
Authors: Djamil Y S , Lestari R K , Wang X 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) simulated warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the South China Sea (SCS) for the mid-Holocene scenario compared to the pre-Industrial. Previous sensitivity experiments using the atmospheric component of the CCSM4, the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 (CAM4), showed that warmer SSTs in the SCS suppresses rainfall over Borneo, which is in-contrary to the effect of the stronger insolation over the island. In this study, we show that warmer SSTs in the SCS, as simulated in the CCSM4, is responding to a weaker low-level wind impacted by the stronger convectional rainfall over Borneo due to stronger insolation. These results suggest that warmer SSTs in the SCS might act as a negative feedback which damps the effect of the stronger insolation on rainfall changes over Borneo.
Distribution of marine debris in Jakarta Bay and its implication to the coastal ecosystem
Authors: Sudirman Nasir , Suryono Devi Dwiyanti , Daulat August , Rustam Agustin , Salim Hadiwijaya L , Jayawiguna M Hikmat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Citarum River, which ended up in Muaragembong, Bekasi Regency-West Java Province, is known recently as one of the most polluted rivers globally, including pollution caused by plastic litter. This research was conducted in the surrounding river, estuary, and mangrove ecosystem in Muaragembong, which aimed to determine macro debris and analyze its impact on the coastal ecosystem. Marine debris sampling in the mangrove ecosystem was done by line transect, while the net using for marine debris sampling surrounding river and estuary. The result showed that debris composition in Muaragembong consisted of 80% inorganic and 20% organic, where plastic debris dominated with 50-81% and was distributed throughout the estuary and mangrove ecosystem. The highest density was found in the mangrove ecosystem in the Kali Mati Estuary (Pantai Sederhana Village) with 222.67 waste/m2, while the heaviest waste was found in the Bendera Estuary (Pantai Bahagia Village) 4,663.64 grams/m2. This condition explained the lack of marine debris management in the Muaragembong estuary, where most inorganic debris originated from household litter. This research also supports data and information for baseline Indonesia’s marine plastic debris due to comprehensive data needed to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025.
Growth rate of Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated in horizontal net and vertical net
Authors: Munawan  , Kasim M , Ruslaini  
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Eucheuma denticulatum is one of the most widely cultivated macroalga commodities. This commodity produces carrageenan iota as raw material for various industries. This study aims to compare the growth rate of E. denticulatum cultivated by the horizontal net (Horinet) and vertical net (Vertinet) methods. This research was conducted in September-December 2019 and located in Lakeba waters, Bau-Bau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results showed that the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed cultivated with Horinet and Vertinet was significantly different. The growth of the thallus at an initial weight of 20 g developed to 67 g and 112.5 g as viewed with a horinet and vertnet, respectively. The specific growth rates of these two methods were 5.01 and 6.59%/day using vertinet and horinet, respectively. Based on the results of the t-test showed that the use of the two methods were significantly different by 0.46 and 0.36 (P<0.05) on the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed. Both of these methods can be used to cultivate seaweed with good results. However, these two methods have differences in the growth results obtained.
On the investigation of vertical uncertainty of depth sounding in a shallow environment with muddy seabed: Preliminary results from a launch operation of a dual-frequency echosounder
Authors: Alodia G , Muhammad F , Poerbandono  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hydrographic echosounder has been the standard instrument that provides a measure of water depths. In a muddy environment, this detection is not as straightforward as it seems; low gradient of acoustic impedance presence within the water-sediment interface resulting in vertical separation of liquid-solid boundary detected by different frequencies of depth sounding system. In this study, we investigate the depths measured by a dual-frequency hydrographic echosounder in a muddy environment, coupled with a simultaneous probing of the water-seabed interface by means of a free-falling cone penetrometer. We intend to understand the extent of the uncertainty of a depth-sounding system to precisely locate the liquid-solid boundary within the water-seabed interface, specifically at Patimban coasts, situated in the north coast part of Java Island, where muddy sediments dominate the seabed. From our investigation, we found that standard high-frequency sounding (200 kHz) underestimates the physical depth by 0.26 ± 0.17 m, while standard low-frequency sounding (24 kHz) overestimates the physical depth by 0.23 ± 0.19 m and tends to give inconsistent measures. Our study suggests the importance of considering these measures of discrepancy when depth sounding is being carried out in a muddy environment.
Potential coral implementation area for Indonesia Coral Reef Garden in Nusa Dua, Bali
Authors: Badriana M R , Avrionesti  , Surya M Y , Abdurrahman U , Pratyaksa I F , Hidayatullah A I , Wicaksono M A A , Diastomo H , Suprijo T , Park H , Hutahean A A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) program is announced as a coral reef restoration program which can support the marine tourism sector since the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, particularly in Bali. A comprehensive survey and preliminary study are necessary to be conducted to decide a suitable point or to avoid a premature choice for the restoration location. Field survey in Nusa Dua, Bali was carried out on November-December 2020 to determine physical and chemical characteristics of seawater which appropriate for coral life. The bathymetry result at Nusa Dua, Bali varied from shallow to middle water depth. Area covered with coral, soft coral, coral and sand, sand, and seaweed on the seabed are found over study area. In the depth close to the seabed, the sea condition of temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, and DO is 26.04 - 28.48 °C, 33.95 - 34.29 PSU, 7.933 - 7.982, 0.81 - 2.44 FTU, and 4.40 - 4.93 mg/L, respectively. Based on the conformity of water quality, the middle depth region has sufficient condition for coral growth. Simple Addition Weighting method is used for determining potential location. The potential coral implementation is located 3-5 km from Tanjung Benoa and in south of Nusa Dua around 1-3 km from coast.