bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of omega‐3 fatty acid intake on C‐reactive proteins in African and Haitian Americans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huffman Fatma , Vaccaro Joan A , Exebio Joel C , Ajabshir Sahar , Zarini Gustavo G 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveC‐reactive protein (CRP) has been considered independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships among ethnicity, omega‐3 fatty acid intake (n‐3) and CRP level.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of N=410 African (AA) (n=172) and Haitian (HA) Americans (n=238) with and without type 2 diabetes recruited from Miami‐Dade and Broward counties in Florida, USA using mailing lists and community outreach. Sociodemographics, anthropometrics and blood samples were collected after participants signed informed consent. All dietary variables were collected using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire.ResultsA two‐way interaction of n‐3 intake and ethnicity was significant for CRP [Model: χ 2 (10) = 66.8 (N=406) p < .001]. AA with low n‐3 intake were more likely to have high CRP (≥ 3 mg/L) than those with high n‐3 intake (>; 2.0 g/day) [OR = 3.17 (1.10, 9.10) p =.031]. Ethnicity (p = .249) and n‐3 intake by diabetes status (p = .132) did not explain CRP.ConclusionFuture studies are needed to determine the effect of n‐ 3 intake on lowering CRP by ethnicity and diabetes status. Funding was provided by an NIH/NIDDK grant.
Effects of 6‐month lifestyle intervention on the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among free living Brazilian adults
Authors: McLellan Katia , Moreto Fernando , Corrente Jose Eduardo , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been increasing worldwide.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a six‐month lifestyle intervention on the prevalence of MetS among free living Brazilian adults.MethodsA prospective community‐based interventional study was conducted with 153 adults. The intervention consisted of weekly group dietary counseling and daily sessions of supervised aerobic exercises. Clinical, anthropometric, fitness, dietary and plasma biochemical assessments were performed at baseline (M0) and after 6 months (M1). Logistic regression was performed in order to determine the odds ratio for developing or ceasing the fulfill criteria for MetS after the lifestyle intervention.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS decrease 7.2% after 6‐months intervention mainly due to decreasing trygliceridemia in 13% and hypertension in 15%. The absolute body fat (kg) decreased after the intervention. It was also noticed an increase in dietary fiber and legumes intake, and a decrease in vegetable oil intake. Logistic regression showed a protection of flexibility and a risk factor of vegetable oil and sugar intake for developing MetS over time.ConclusionA six‐month lifestyle intervention conferred multiple health benefits in decreasing the prevalence of MetS in individuals at high risk.
Higher Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass Obtained by Bioimpedance are Associated with Slower HIV Disease Progression in Asymptomatic HIV+ Adults
Authors: Luisi Sonya , Campa Adriana , Martinez Sabrina Sales , Makhema Joseph , Bussmann Hermann , Farahani Mansour , Marlink Richard , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of Lean Body Mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on HIV disease progression in 878 asymptomatic ART naïve HIV+ adults in Botswana.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data collected by the parent study, Nutrient Therapy in Botswana. The relationship of CD4 cell count, log10 HIV viral load, BMI, LBM and FM (obtained by bioimpedance) were analyzed by ANOVA and Linear regressions.ResultsParticipants with higher LBM, FM and BMI had higher CD4 cell count [β=1.60, p=0.046] [β=1.40, p=0.042] [β=2.51, p=0.045] and lower viral load [β=−0.013, p=0.001], [β=−0.010, p=0.010], [β=−0.019, p=0.003] respectively, controlling for age, gender and physical activity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that maintaining higher LMB, FM and BMI in HIV‐infected adults may maintain immune function early in the disease. This evidence supports the use of physical activity and adequate caloric and protein intake as effective interventions in HIV+ adults in early stages of the HIV disease to prevent weight loss and maintain adequate lean body mass, fat mass and body mass index.Funded by NIDA
Method validation for the measurement of sialic acid and sialyllactose in human milk using high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
Authors: Li Xi , Yachetti Stephen , Burgher Anita M. 
Published: June 2021

Sialic acid (SA) is an important component of human milk and occurs both as free SA and bound to oligosaccharides (OSs), proteins and complex lipids. To provide accurate and sensitive analytical methods for determination of SA and sialyllactose, one of the most prevalent sialyllated OSs in human milk, two independent method validations were conducted. The analytes in the first validation were free SA, 3′‐sialyllactose (3′SL) and 6′‐sialyllactose (6′SL). The second validation consisted of measurement of SA after an acid hydrolysis sample treatment to provide the level of human milk SA that occurs as part of OSs, glycoproteins, and complex lipids (total SA). All analytes were quantified using high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC‐PAD). Method precision for all analytes is represented by relative standard deviation of less than 11.7% for six replicate analyses on same day, and less than 7.3% for six replicates on three days. Accuracy was demonstrated in pooled quality control samples fortified with analytes at three levels, low, middle and high, where recoveries ranged from 93.9 to 116%. The limits of quantitation are 8.00, 8.00, 3.20 and 40 mg/L; and the limits of detection are 2.89, 2.33, 1.12 and 0.34 mg/L for 3′SL, 6′SL, free SA and total SA, respectively. The validated methods are accurate and sensitive.Funded by Pfizer Nutrition.
Variations in Plasma Carotenoids from Jersey Cows fed Pasture versus Total Mixed Ration
Authors: Smith Jillian M , Beliveau Amy R , Wenzel Adam J , Curran‐Celentano Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Interest in organic milk is increasing. By USDA Certified Organic standards, animals must be fed on pasture for a minimum of 120 days. Research indicates that various factors such as diet impact the nutritional quality and composition of milk. The objective of this study was to understand how feeding practices affected bovine plasma carotenoid concentrations over time. Plasma samples were collected from 9 cows fed on pasture at an organic dairy and from 9 cows fed total mixed ration (TMR) at a conventional dairy. Components were extracted from the plasma and separated via High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results showed that plasma concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, and β‐carotene significantly changed from baseline at each dairy. The changes in plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, α‐carotene, and β‐carotene concentrations were also significantly different between dairies. Plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, α‐carotene, and β‐carotene concentrations were significantly higher in plasma from cows fed on pasture versus cows fed TMR. This suggests that diet and season affect the concentrations of measured components in plasma. These variations could influence the health of the animal and the nutrient composition of the resulting milk.Grant Funding Source: Hamel Center for Undergraduate Research, NH Agriculture Expermiment Station
Antimalarial effect of Azadirachta indica (A.Juss Meliaceae) leaf extract complexed with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin on Plasmodium berghei in mice
Authors: Ologe Mary Olufunmilayo , Iwalewa Ezekiel Olugbenga , Onyeji Cyprian Ogbonna 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the curative activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract complexed with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) alone and a combination of (HP‐β‐CD) and polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) with a view of improving the antimalarial activity of the complex.Hot aqueous extract (HAE), Hot ethanolic extract (HEE) and Cold ethanolic extract (CEE) of A.indica were prepared and assessed for their suppressive and curative in vivo antimalarial activity, following established procedures. HAE at different doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was then complexed with HP‐β‐CD (at a ratio 1:1). The complexes were prepared by freeze‐drying method and assessed for their curative in vivo antimalarial activity. The data were analysed.In the suppressive tests, CEE, HAE AND HEE produced chemosuppression of 75.0%, 78.2% and 77.7% at 400 mg/kg, respectively. HAE at 400 mg/kg produced the lowest percent parasitemia on day 5 in the curaitve tests. HAE ‐ HP‐β‐CD complex at 400 mg/kg dose showed superior efficacy, which was significant ( F[5, 22] = 5.06, p < 0.05), when compared to complexes of the lower doses in the curative tests. In the HAE (400 mg/kg) ‐ HP‐β‐CD – PVP complexes curative activity evaluation, 400 mg/kg extract alone attained 57.9% chemosuppression on day 6 while the extract – CD complex at that dose attained 51.5% suppression of parasitemia. Extract – CD – PVP complexes did not improve the curative activity of HAE.We concluded that the complexation of an aqueous extract of A. indica leaf with HP‐β‐CD at 400 mg/kg produced significant improvement in the activity of the extract while HP‐β‐CD and PVP complexes did not significantly improve the curative activity.
Early protective joint motion influences gene expression in a rat model of anterior cruciate complete rupture
Authors: Kokubun Takanori , Kanemura Naohiko , Maejima Hiroshi , Fujino Tsutomu , Morita Sadao , Takayanagi Kiyomi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to define how acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complete injury remnant would potentially alter specific mRNA expression of angiogenesis and collagen synthesis factor by early protective joint motion.MethodsThirty‐six Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control, Sham operated, and early protective joint motion. In the joint motion group, ACL was surgically transected and then tied up the joint with nylon string to put brake on forward slides. Each group of 4 rats was sacrificed at 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days postoperatively. Total RNA from the ACL remnant was reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real‐time RT‐PCR was performed using rat specific primer sets for COL 1, COL 3, VEGF and housekeeping gene (B‐actin). Differences in the Ct values between the tested mRNA and the B‐actin mRNA were calculated to determine the relative expression revels.ResultIn the early protective joint motion group, mRNA levels for COL 1 and COL 3 increased all time‐points (1 day, 3 days, and 5 days) and 2 time‐points (1 day, and 3 days), respectively. No significant differences in VEGF mRNA expression were found in this protocol.DiscussionIn the present study, we demonstrated acute ACL complete rupture remnant has healing potential. Furthermore controlling malfunction and inducing normal joint movement in acute stage make it possible.
Functional capillary recruitment during cephalic phase of digestion is blunted in obesity
Authors: Buss Caroline , Kraemer‐Aguiar Luiz Guilherme , Maranhão Priscila Alves , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: June 2021

ContextIn healthy subjects, functional capillary recruitment (FCR) occurs during the cephalic phase of digestion (CPD), suggesting a precocious role for the microcirculation in the physiology of digestion and nutrient homeostasis.ObjectiveTo investigate if such response is present in obese subjects.MethodsTwenty‐nine obese subjects, 28.6±2.8 years (mean±SD) and BMI of 36.7±2.2 kg/m2, were randomized into receiving cognitive‐sensorial stimuli of a breakfast tray to elicit CPD (CPD group, n=15) or not (control group, n=14), after a 12‐h overnight fast. Main outcomes were differences in resting and peak functional capillary density (FCD, cap/mm2) evaluated by videocapillaroscopy. Saliva assessment was used as a clinical marker of successful CPD stimulation.ResultsNo significant difference was detected on basal (53.6±12.8 to 52.3±8.9, p=0.621) and peak FCD (58.5±10.6 to 55.7±9.4, p=0.239) in the CPD or in the control group. Saliva secretion significantly increased in the CPD (9.3±8.5 to 13.4±8.4 mm, p=0.015) and remained unchanged in the control group.ConclusionsFCR during CPD is blunted in obesity and the increment in saliva secretion indicates responsiveness to the sensorial stimuli. Mechanisms involved in this response should be further investigated.Research Support: Coordination for the Enhancement of Education Personnel (CAPES); State of Rio de Janeiro Carlos Chagas Filho Research Foundation (FAPERJ)
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS. IMPORTANCE OF VO2max CRITERIA DURING ERGOMETRIC TESTS
Authors: Duque Ivan Leonardo , Duvallet Alain 
Published: June 2021

Nowadays physical deconditioning is both a cause and a consequence of chronic low back pain. Health professionals recognize physical exercise as an important compound of chronic low back pain treatment programs; nevertheless published data concerning aerobic capacity in those patients are inconsistent.An accurate measurement of VO2max is necessary to establish the effect of physical training on aerobic capacity.101 patients with chronic low back pain underwent a 5week physical restoration program including exercises to improve maximal aerobic capacity.The use of the primary criterion and secondary criteria (heart rate, respiratory quotient and lactatemy) for obtaining VO2max or VO2peak values during a maximal exercise protocol before and after training led to the establishment of 4 groups of patients. Comparison of VO2 values before and after training was made using a paired t test. VO2max improved significantly only in subjects achieving VO2max values before and after training.Our study is the first to demonstrate that to determine the evolution of VO2max with training in chronic low back pain patients it is necessary to consider specific metabolic parameters. The inability for all patients to achieve these parameters explains, at least in part, the contradictory results published in the literature.
Gluteus Maximus Tendon Variability
Authors: Taylor Victor , Wood Addison , Seaman Travis , Crofford Theodore , Guttmann Geoffrey , Reeves Rustin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAs part of a series of dissections geared towards an improved anatomical understanding of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome, it was observed that there were multiple tendons from the gluteus maximus inserting on the femur. In this study, the variability of the gluteus maximus tendon insertion was examined.MethodThe experiment was done on 40 partially dissected, embalmed bodies that were donated through the Willed Body Program at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. The gluteus maximus muscle belly was detached from the iliac crest. In addition, the iliotibial band was cut from the origin (ilium) and reflected to gain access to the gluteus maximus tendon. The fat in the area around the greater trochanter was cleaned until the tendon of the gluteus maximus was revealed.Results22 hips had only one tendon from the gluteus maximus inserting on the femur (13 on the right and 9 on the left), 19 hips had 2 tendons inserting (10 on the right and 9 on the left), 7 with 3 insertions (5 on the right and 2 on the left), and 1 with 4 insertions on the left side. When sex was separated, women had more insertions with 2 tendons than insertions with 1 tendon.ConclusionIt has been shown that there are multiple tendons from the gluteus maximus inserting into the femur.
Lateralization in the vascular supply to the mammary gland
Authors: Bata Barbara , Ubrankovics Anett , Bayadsi Haytham , Molnár Béla Ákos , Székely Andrea Dorottya 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to detect the distribution of the medial perforator branches within the 4 quadrants of the mammary gland, based on the fact, that malignomas of the medial quadrants have a worse prognosis than those in the lateral quadrants. The medial side of the mammary region is dominantly supplied by the internal mammary artery (IMA), whereas the lateral quadrants receive their blood supply from the lateral thoracic, thoracoacromial and intercostal perforator arteries.All interventions were executed according to the Ethical Guidelines of the Semmelweis University and the WMA Declaration of Helsinki ‐ Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Two male and four female formaldehyde fixed hemithoracal specimens were dissected to follow the course of the IMA and the internal mammary vein (IMV) between the 1st and 7th intercostal spaces. The largest perforators were apparent only in the first three intercostal spaces reaching into the lateral quadrants. The arterial perforator branches arose either separate or together with the anterior intercostal branches occasionally encircling the IMV from lateral before emerging through the intercostal space, then piercing the pectoralis muscle. As a next step, the distribution of the medial and lateral perforator branches were observed in coronal and sagittal CT and/or PETCT images to identify their positions relative to tumor location.Grant Funding Source: N/A
The impact of food assistance on nutritional status and disease severity among HIV‐positive, antiretroviral therapy ineligible, individuals in Uganda
Authors: Kadiyala Suneetha , Maluccio John , Faust Elizabeth , Rawat Rahul 
Published: June 2021

The complex relationship between food insecurity, undernutrition, and HIV has been well established for over a decade. However, data on the potential benefit of food security and nutrition interventions to people living with HIV (PLHIV) is sparse.We conducted a quasi‐experimental impact evaluation of World Food Program's food assistance program, provided for 12 months, with a matched control group (matched at district, household and individual levels), among 902 anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) naive PLHIVs (451 per arm) receiving HIV services from The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) in Northern Uganda. The primary impacts of interest were changes in a) nutritional status—body mass index (BMI), mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), and hemoglobin (Hb) and b) disease severity (CD4 count).Utilizing propensity score matching techniques to account for endogeneity, we find significant positive impacts of food assistance on nutritional status, but not CD4 count. Food assistance significantly increased BMI by 0.6 kg/m2 (p< 0.01), and MUAC by 8.3 mm (p< 0.05). These results remained significant, and of similar magnitude when controlling for CD4 trend. Food assistance resulted in an increase of Hb count by approximately 0.5g/dl only among those with CD4>;350 cell/mm3. This study adds to the limited evidence base of the impact of nutrition interventions to PLHIVs, particulary among those not receiving ART.
Proanthocyanidin intake is inversely associated with advanced prostate tumor stages in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wang Ying , Vance Terrence M. , Su Joseph , Fontham Elizabeth T.H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Mohler James L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Chun Ock K. 
Published: June 2021

Data from the North Carolina‐Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project, a population‐based study of incident prostate cancer in African Americans (n=698) and Caucasian Americans (n=904) was used to determine the association between proanthocyanidin (PA) intake and prostate tumor stage at diagnosis. PA intake was calculated from modified NCI DHQ food and nutrient database. Associations between dietary PA and tumor stage were determined by logistic regression analyses. After adjusted for other risk confounders, the odds ratio for advanced tumor stages (T3, T4) was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01–0.50) for men in the highest quartile of PA intake. Among the sociodemographic characteristics, PSA screening was a strong predictor of advanced tumor stages (p<0.01). PA intake was inversely associated with advanced tumor stages (p<0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between PSA screening and tumor stage was attenuated after adding PA intake into the model by changing 19% of beta coefficient. These findings demonstrate that PA intake is a mediator of PSA screening in association with advanced prostate tumor stages.Grant Funding Source: NIH Cancer Epidemiology Small Grant #1R03CA159421–01A1
Longitudinal changes in body habitus in college freshmen
Authors: Hootman K C , Guertin K A , Cassano P A 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDThe first year of college is a transition period during which changes in body habitus are common.METHODSA large representative sample of freshmen at Cornell University was studied over the first year, with repeated assessments of anthropometry and body composition via dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA).RESULTSAmong 184 participants with complete data (47% male), 75% gained weight during fall semester, and the mean increase was 1 kg greater in males (p=0.0067). When comparisons were limited to participants who gained weight, the mean change was 3.7 kg (SD 2.2) and 2.6 kg (SD 1.7) in males and females, respectively (p=0.0140). Change in adiposity, estimated by body mass index (BMI), paralleled weight changes, and females increased 0.3 units less compared to males (p=0.0098). The change in DXA body fat percent (BF%), over the academic year, supported anthropometric findings for the first semester. Thus, among those who gained weight in the fall, the increase in BF% was significantly greater in males compared to females, with a change of 1.7% (SD 1.4) and 1.1% (SD 1.9), respectively (p=0.0407).CONCLUSIONSWeight gain during freshman year is not universal, primarily indicates adiposity gain, with males gaining more in absolute and relative indicators.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by internal funding from Cornell University, and by NRSA Institutional Research Training Grant T32‐DK‐7158–36 (KH)
Effect of high dietary protein intake on body fat mass and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in humans
Authors: Blokker Britt , Rietman Annemarie , Schwarz Jessica , Siebelink Els , Kok Frans , Müller Michael , Tomé Daniel , Afman Lydia , Mensink Marco 
Published: June 2021

Increased protein intake is suggested to prevent adipose tissue mass gain thus being a promising weight management tool. Yet, no mechanistic explanations are availableThe objective was to study the effect of increased protein (P) at the expense of carbohydrate (CH) during overeating on body composition and pathways of energy storage in adipose tissue (AT).A controlled dietary intervention was performed in healthy subjects (male and female, n=27) who were assigned to 1 of 3 intervention groups. One group was given a balanced diet for 4 weeks. In a 2‐weeks cross‐over design 2 groups received a hypercaloric diet of +2 MJ/day extra with either high protein (HP, 40 en% fat; 26 en% P; 34 en% CH) or normal protein (NP, 40 en% fat; 15 en% P; 45 en% CH). Body composition (DEXA) and gene expression in subcutaneous AT biopsies (qPCR) were studied after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention.Fat mass gain was lower on HP compared to NP (−270g; p=0.02). No changes in expression of a selection of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, lipid storage, lipolysis and β‐oxidation were observed between diets.Increasing protein at the expense of carbohydrates in a hypercaloric diet attenuates fat mass gain but does not alter the expression of genes involved in energy storage in subcutaneous AT. Changes in total fat mass may be explained by changes in visceral fat.This research was supported by the Dutch Dairy Organisation (NZO).