bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient excretion by fish supports a variable but significant proportion of lake primary productivity over 15 years
Authors: Sharitt Carrie Ann , González María J. , Williamson Tanner J. , Vanni Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnimals play an important and sometimes overlooked role in nutrient cycling. The role of animals in nutrient cycling is spatially and temporally variable, but few studies have evaluated the long‐term importance of animal‐mediated nutrient cycling in meeting nutrient demand by primary producers. We quantified the proportion of phytoplankton nutrient (phosphorus, P) demand met by excretion by gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) in a eutrophic reservoir where this species dominates fish biomass. From 2000 to 2014, gizzard shad excretion supported a variable proportion of phytoplankton P demand, averaging 7–27% among years over the growing season (spring and summer). Temporal patterns emerged, as gizzard shad consistently supported a higher proportion of demand during summer (mean 31%) than spring (8%). In spring, the proportion of demand met from gizzard shad excretion was best predicted by gizzard shad population biomass, stream discharge, and temperature. In summer, this proportion was best predicted only by biomass of the young‐of‐year (YOY) gizzard shad. Thus, variation in YOY shad biomass significantly alters nutrient supply, and future studies should explore the long‐term role of animal population dynamics in nutrient cycling. Our study shows that several years of data are needed to perform a critical evaluation of the importance of animals in meeting ecosystem nutrient demand.
Strigolactones: Phytohormones with Promising Biomedical Applications
Authors: Prandi Cristina , Kapulnik Yoram , Koltai Hinanit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStrigolactones are a class of carotenoid‐derived plant hormones, which impact many functions of plant metabolism in response to environmental stress. They also act as exogenous signals perceived by both mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. The peculiar chemical skeleton of these molecules and their mode of action in plants inspired possible applications in biomedical fields. In this minireview, an overview of the most recent applications of Strigolactones and analog derivatives as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antiviral drugs is described.
Conditional covariance matrix forecast using the hybrid exponentially weighted moving average approach
Authors: Kuang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper extends the hybrid multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) approach to incorporate realized variance for conditional covariance matrix forecast. The proposed estimator employs a realized variance‐based EWMA specification to estimate the conditional variance of returns and a standard return‐based EWMA specification to estimate the correlation between each pair of returns. This hybrid realized variance‐based EWMA estimator produces forecasts of the conditional covariance matrix that are statistically more accurate and informative and economically more useful than those produced by the standard EWMA and the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models using only daily returns. The evidence of incremental forecast accuracy and the economic value over the intraday range‐based hybrid EWMA estimator is, however, insignificant. Moreover, the hybrid EWMA estimators are less sensitive to the choice of decay factors than the standard EWMA model and thus provide a robust framework to accommodate intradaily information for estimates of daily return volatility while achieving a simplicity and ease of implementation.
Evaluation of bacterial diversity of traditional cheese in Tarbagatay Prefecture, China, and its correlation with cheese quality
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Jia Mengzhen , Guo Zhuang , Li Yuhui , Li Baokun , Li Xu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Xinjiang, China, traditional handmade cheese is made from fresh milk under natural environmental conditions and is a common fermented dairy product in the region. Due to differences in production methods between regions, the research conducted on the bacterial diversity of traditional handmade cheese is not comprehensive. Hence, little is known about the relationship between bacteria and cheese quality. Therefore, in this study, cheese samples from Tarbagatay Prefecture, Xinjiang, were chosen for investigation. The bacteria in 17 cheese samples were analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq technology. The results showed that there were two dominant bacterial phyla and six dominant bacterial genera in the cheeses. Of these, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus displayed the most significant positive correlation with cheese quality. This study provides data to support the improvement of traditional cheese quality via microbial diversity and lays a foundation for the industrialization of traditional cheese production.
A robust two‐sample transcriptome‐wide Mendelian randomization method integrating GWAS with multi‐tissue eQTL summary statistics
Authors: Gleason Kevin J. , Yang Fan , Chen Lin S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBy treating genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methods detect genetically regulated risk exposures for complex diseases using only summary statistics. When considering gene expression as exposure in transcriptome‐wide MR (TWMR) analyses, the eQTLs (expression‐quantitative‐trait‐loci) may have pleiotropic effects or be correlated with variants that have effects on disease not via expression, and the presence of those invalid IVs would lead to biased inference. Moreover, the number of eQTLs as IVs for a gene is generally limited, making the detection of invalid IVs challenging. We propose a method, “MR‐MtRobin,” for accurate TWMR inference in the presence of invalid IVs. By leveraging multi‐tissue eQTL data in a mixed model, the proposed method makes identifiable the IV‐specific random effects due to pleiotropy from estimation errors of eQTL summary statistics, and can provide accurate inference on the dependence (fixed effects) between eQTL and GWAS (genome‐wide association study) effects in the presence of invalid IVs. Moreover, our method can improve power and precision in inference by selecting cross‐tissue eQTLs as IVs that have improved consistency of effects across eQTL and GWAS data. We applied MR‐MtRobin to detect genes associated with schizophrenia risk by integrating summary‐level data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project (V8).
Pathologic upstaging in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Risk factors and impact on survival
Authors: Olecki Elizabeth J. , Stahl Kelly A. , Torres Madeline B. , Peng June S. , Shen Chan , Dixon Matthew E.B. , Gusani Niraj J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical and pathologic staging determine treatment of pancreatic cancer. Clinical stage has been shown to underestimate final pathologic stage in pancreatic cancer, resulting in upstaging.MethodsNational Cancer Database was used to identify clinical stage I pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Univariate, multivariable logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard ratio were used to determine differences between upstaged and stage concordant patients.ResultsUpstaging was seen in 80.2% of patients. Factors found to be significantly associated with upstaging included pancreatic head tumors (OR 2.56), high‐grade histology (OR 1.74), elevated Ca 19‐9 (OR 2.09), and clinical stage T2 (OR 1.99). Upstaging was associated with a 45% increased risk of mortality compared to stage concordant disease (HR 1.44, p < .001).ConclusionA majority of clinical stage I pancreatic cancer is upstaged after resection. Factors including tumor location, grade, Ca 19‐9, and tumor size can help identify those at high risk for upstaging.
Prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse among US racial populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based screening studies
Authors: Mou Tsung , Warner Kristina , Brown Oluwateniola , Yeh Chen , Beestrum Molly , Kenton Kimberly , Emi Bretschneider Carol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the differences in pooled prevalence rates of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) across different US racial/ethnic groups using existing screening‐based epidemiologic studies.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus was conducted to retrieve eligible studies. We included studies that identified POP by either physical exam or questionnaire, conducted in non‐gynecologic care‐seeking settings, and had a representative sample of US community‐dwelling women from more than one racial/ethnic group with prevalence rates reported for each population. Meta‐analysis was performed with the pooled estimates calculated, and χ
2 tests were performed to examine the associations between race and POP prevalence.ResultsOf the 2604 studies reviewed, 5 were included. One study used physical exam findings while others used questionnaires to identify POP. All but one study demonstrated statistically significant differences in POP prevalence rates based on race/ethnicity. The overall pooled POP prevalence rates were determined for each racial/ethnic group—White women: 10.76% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.30%–11.22%); Hispanic women: 6.55% (95% CI, 5.83%–7.28%); Black women: 3.80% (95% CI, 3.22%–4.38%); and Asian American women: 3.40% (95% CI, 2.09%–4.71%). There was a significant difference in the pooled prevalence rates among these four racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study found that White women had the highest pooled POP prevalence rate overall, while Hispanic women had the highest pooled prevalence among minority women. Additionally, American Indians and Pacific Islanders were absent from the current prolapse epidemiologic literature.
Combinatorial acyclicity models for potential‐based flows
Authors: Habeck Oliver , Pfetsch Marc E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPotential‐based flows constitute a basic model to represent physical behavior in networks. Under natural assumptions, the flow in such networks must be acyclic. The goal of this article is to exploit this property for the solution of corresponding optimization problems. To this end, we introduce several combinatorial models for acyclic flows, based on binary variables for flow directions. We compare these models and introduce a particular model that tries to capture acyclicity together with the supply/demand behavior. We analyze properties of this model, including variable fixing rules. Our computational results show that the usage of the corresponding constraints speeds up solution times by about a factor of 3 on average and a speed‐up of a factor of almost 5 for the time to prove optimality.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der konservativen Therapie der Arthrose
Authors: Nehrer Stefan , Neubauer Markus 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Arthrose – die Degeneration von Gelenken – ist ein weit verbreitetes Problem durch alle Bevölkerungsschichten, das im zunehmenden Alter vermehrt auftritt und die häufigste Ursache für mobilitätseinschränkende Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat ist. Etwa 70–80 % der über 70-Jährigen zeigen Zeichen einer Gelenksdegeneration. Insgesamt sind bis zu 25 % der Gesamtbevölkerung davon betroffen, aufgrund der generellen Alterung der Bevölkerung mit steigender Tendenz. Die Inzidenz der Arthrose steigt aber schon ab dem 40 Lebensjahr, wobei besonders posttraumatische und sekundäre Arthroseformen zum Tragen kommen.

Anspruch
Der Wunsch nach hoher Mobilität und Sport zieht sich als Phänomen ebenfalls durch alle Altersgruppe. Dies ist mit hohen Gelenkbelastungen verbunden und stellt damit eine große Herausforderung an vor allem früh degenerativ veränderte Gelenksstrukturen dar. In diesem Zusammenhang ist der orthopädisch tätige Arzt gefordert, die Belastbarkeit von geschädigten Gelenken abzuschätzen und so früh wie möglich präventive Schritte sowie gegebenenfalls konservative Therapien einzuleiten, um die Progression der Arthrose zu verhindern und damit den eventuell notwendigen Gelenkersatz möglichst weit nach hinten zu schieben.
Cyclically stretched ACL fibroblasts emigrating from spheroids adapt their cytoskeleton and ligament-related expression profile
Authors: Gögele Clemens , Hoffmann Christina , Konrad Jens , Merkel Rudolf , Schwarz Silke , Tohidnezhad Mersedeh , Hoffmann Bernd , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula Gesine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMechanical stress of ligaments varies; hence, ligament fibroblasts must adapt their expression profile to novel mechanomilieus to ensure tissue resilience. Activation of the mechanoreceptors leads to a specific signal transduction, the so-called mechanotransduction. However, with regard to their natural three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment cell reaction to mechanical stimuli during emigrating from a 3D spheroid culture is still unclear. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the reaction profile of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived fibroblasts exposed to cyclic uniaxial strain in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture and during emigration from 3D spheroids with respect to cell survival, cell and cytoskeletal orientation, distribution, and expression profile. Monolayers and spheroids were cultured in crosslinked polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) elastomeric chambers and uniaxially stretched (14% at 0.3 Hz) for 48 h. Cell vitality, their distribution, nuclear shape, stress fiber orientation, focal adhesions, proliferation, expression of ECM components such as sulfated glycosaminoglycans, collagen type I, decorin, tenascin C and cell–cell communication-related gap junctional connexin (CXN) 43, tendon-related markers Mohawk and tenomodulin (myodulin) were analyzed. In contrast to unstretched cells, stretched fibroblasts showed elongation of stress fibers, cell and cytoskeletal alignment perpendicular to strain direction, less rounded cell nuclei, increased numbers of focal adhesions, proliferation, amplified CXN43, and main ECM component expression in both cultures. The applied cyclic stretch protocol evoked an anabolic response and enhanced tendon-related marker expression in ACL-derived fibroblasts emigrating from 3D spheroids and seems also promising to support in future tissue formation in ACL scaffolds seeded in vitro with spheroids.
Full-scale field test of a model predictive control system for a 3 MW wind turbine
Authors: Dickler Sebastian , Wintermeyer-Kallen Thorben , Zierath János , Bockhahn Reik , Machost Dirk , Konrad Thomas , Abel Dirk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModel predictive control (MPC) is a strong candidate for modern wind turbine control. While the design of model predictive wind turbine controllers in simulations has been extensively investigated in academic studies, the application of these controllers to real wind turbines reveals open research challenges. In this work, we focus on the validation of a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test. First, the study proves the MPC’s capability to control the real wind turbine in the partial load region. Compared to the turbine’s baseline PID controller, the MPC system offers similar results for the electrical power output and for the occurring mechanical loads. Second, the study validates a previously proposed, simulation-based rapid control prototyping process for a systematic MPC development. The systematic development process allows to completely design and parameterize the MPC system in a simulative environment independent of the real wind turbine. Through the rapid control prototyping process, the MPC commissioning in the wind turbine’s programmable logic controller can be realized within a few hours without any modifications required in the field. Thus, this study establishes the proof of concept for a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test and bridges the gap between the control design and field testing of MPC systems for wind turbines in the multi-megawatt range.
Past and future snowmelt trends in the Swiss Alps: the role of temperature and snowpack
Authors: Vorkauf Maria , Marty Christoph , Kahmen Ansgar , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe start of the growing season for alpine plants is primarily determined by the date of snowmelt. We analysed time series of snow depth at 23 manually operated and 15 automatic (IMIS) stations between 1055 and 2555 m asl in the Swiss Central Alps. Between 1958 and 2019, snowmelt dates occurred 2.8 ± 1.3 days earlier in the year per decade, with a strong shift towards earlier snowmelt dates during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but non-significant trends thereafter. Snowmelt dates at high-elevation automatic stations strongly correlated with snowmelt dates at lower-elevation manual stations. At all elevations, snowmelt dates strongly depended on spring air temperatures. More specifically, 44% of the variance in snowmelt dates was explained by the first day when a three-week running mean of daily air temperatures passed a 5 °C threshold. The mean winter snow depth accounted for 30% of the variance. We adopted the effects of air temperature and snowpack height to Swiss climate change scenarios to explore likely snowmelt trends throughout the twenty-first century. Under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), we simulated snowmelt dates to advance by 6 days per decade by the end of the century. By then, snowmelt dates could occur one month earlier than during the reference periods (1990–2019 and 2000–2019). Such early snowmelt may extend the alpine growing season by one third of its current duration while exposing alpine plants to shorter daylengths and adding a higher risk of freezing damage.
The Voyage of Metals in the Universe from Cosmological to Planetary Scales: the need for a Very High-Resolution, High Throughput Soft X-ray Spectrometer
Authors: Nicastro F. , Kaastra J. , Argiroffi C. , Behar E. , Bianchi S. , Bocchino F. , Borgani S. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Bregman J. , Churazov E. , Diaz-Trigo M. , Done C. , Drake J. , Fang T. , Grosso N. , Luminari A. , Mehdipour M. , Paerels F. , Piconcelli E. , Pinto C. , Porquet D. , Reeves J. , Schaye J. , Sciortino S. , Smith R. , Spiga D. , Tomaru R. , Tombesi F. , Wijers N. , Zappacosta L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetals form an essential part of the Universe at all scales. Without metals we would not exist, and the Universe would look completely different. Metals are primarily produced via nuclear processes in stars, and spread out through winds or explosions, which pollute the surrounding space. The wanderings of metals in-and-out of astronomical objects are crucial in determining their own evolution and thus that of the Universe as a whole. Detecting metals and assessing their relative and absolute abundances and energetics can thus be used to trace the evolution of these cosmic components. The scope of this paper is to highlight the most important open astrophysical problems that will be central in the next decades and for which a deep understanding of the Universe’s wandering metals, their physical and kinematical states, and their chemical composition represents the only viable solution. The majority of these studies can only be efficiently performed through High Resolution Spectroscopy in the soft X-ray band.
Assessing the Manuscripts of Sefer Ḥasidim
Authors: Dönitz Saskia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the content and structure of the manuscripts of Sefer Ḥasidim, engaging with ideas concerning its production addressed in Ivan Marcus’s recently published book on Sefer Ḥasidim. Marcus has argued that the book was written piece by piece and not as an integral book and further suggested that each and every manuscript of Sefer Ḥasidim should be taken as a distinct edition of the book prepared by Judah he-Ḥasid. The present study demonstrates that, notwithstanding the gradual process in which Sefer Ḥasidim was written and the great variations among the manuscripts, it is possible to reconstruct a textual process that led to the larger compilations found in the three well-known text editions of Sefer Ḥasidim, represented by MS Parma 3280, MS JTS Boesky 45, and the edition printed in Bologna in 1538. The analysis focuses on the distribution of the text in the manuscripts. While it is difficult to show linear relations among them, the different versions demonstrate a gradual process of growth and enlargement of the material around topical structures. Since most of the material is transmitted in more than one exemplar and few passages appear in one manuscript alone, it is argued that the manuscripts can be linked to show how the material grew from random collections of single paragraphs to topically ordered clusters and into the larger compilations of Sefer Ḥasidim.
Composing Arugat ha-Bosem: How Piyyut Commentary Became Associated with Ḥasidei Ashkenaz
Authors: Hollender Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on Ivan Marcus’s concept of “open book” and considerations on medieval Ashkenazic concepts of authorship, the present article inquires into the circumstances surrounding the production of SeferArugat ha-Bosem, a collection of piyyut commentaries written or compiled by the thirteenth-century scholar Abraham b. Azriel. Unlike all other piyyut commentators, Abraham ben Azriel inscribed his name into his commentary and claims to supersede previous commentaries, asserting authorship and authority. Based on the two different versions preserved in MS Vatican 301 and MS Merzbacher 95 (Frankfurt fol. 16), already in 1939 Ephraim E. Urbach suggested that Abraham b. Azriel might have written more than one edition of his piyyut commentaries. The present reevaluation considers recent scholarship on concepts of authorship and “open genre” as well as new research into piyyut commentary. To facilitate a comparison with Marcus’s definition of “open book,” this article also explores the arrangement and rearrangement of small blocks of texts within a work.
IL-6 Regulates Hepcidin Expression Via the BMP/SMAD Pathway by Altering BMP6, TMPRSS6 and TfR2 Expressions at Normal and Inflammatory Conditions in BV2 Microglia
Authors: Varga Edit , Pap Ramóna , Jánosa Gergely , Sipos Katalin , Pandur Edina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hormone hepcidin plays a central role in controlling iron homeostasis. Iron-mediated hepcidin synthesis is triggered via the BMP/SMAD pathway. At inflammation, mainly IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine mediates the regulation of hepcidin via the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Microglial cells of the central nervous system are able to recognize a broad spectrum of pathogens via toll-like receptors and initiate inflammatory response. Although the regulation of hepcidin synthesis is well described in many tissues, little is known about the inflammation mediated hepcidin regulation in microglia. In this study, we investigated the pathways, which are involved in HAMP regulation in BV2 microglia due to inflammatory mediators and the possible relationships between the iron regulatory pathways. Our results showed that IL-6 produced by resting BV2 cells was crucial in maintaining the basal HAMP expression and hepcidin secretion. It was revealed that IL-6 neutralization decreased both STAT3 and SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation suggesting that IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine is necessary to maintain SMAD1/5/9 activation. We revealed that IL-6 influences BMP6 and TMPRSS6 protein levels, moreover it modified TfR2 expression, as well. In this study, we revealed that BV2 microglia increased their hepcidin secretion upon IL-6 neutralization although the major regulatory pathways were inhibited. Based on our results it seems that both at inflammation and at normal condition the absence of IL-6 triggered HAMP transcription and hepcidin secretion via the NFκB pathway and possibly by the autocrine effect of TNFα cytokine on BV2 microglia.