bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dairy ingredients on gut microbiome biogeography in mice (822.11)
Authors: Ananda Baskaran Sangeetha , Price Tara , Wu Xiuzhi , Walzem Rosemary 
Published: June 2021

We tested the effects of purified diets (PD) containing isolated soy protein (ISP), dried whole milk powder (DWMP), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) or milk protein concentrate (MPC) on gut microbiome biogeography of C57BL/6J mice. Isocaloric, isonitrogenous PDs provided 20 energy % (EN%) protein, 50 EN% carbohydrate and 30 EN% fat. Mice were fed a chow diet for 1 wk then assigned to a test diet for 13 wk, n = 10 per group. Mice had similar growth, feed intake and intestinal transit times. Feces were collected before and at the end of test diet feeding. Samples of lumenal (L) and adherent (A) microbiota were collected from the distal small intestine (DSI) and descending colon (DCS). Ion Torrent sequencing technology determined microbiota composition (MrDNA, Sweetwater, TX). Paired t‐tests for Chao1 &amp; Shannon indexes showed diversity decreased from DSC‐L > feces > DSI‐A &amp; DSC‐A > DSI‐L (p<0.02); fecal diversity was not altered by switching mice from non‐purified chow to PDs. Firmicutes dominated in all gut regions being 蠅 60% of bacterial reads (BR). Bacteriodetes was ~20% BR in feces &amp; DSC‐L, ~6.5% BR in DSI‐L, DSC‐A or DSI‐A (p < 0.01). Proteobacteria was ~21% BR in DSC‐A, and ~1.4% BR in all other regions (p < 0.001). Verrucomicrobia rose from ~0.64% BR to ~10.4% BR (p < 2.7 x 10‐8) with PD, as did Actinobacteria (0.4% BR vs. 7.0% BR, p <0.03), while Tenericutes fell from ~ 6.3% to 1.0% of BR (p < 1x 10‐7). Diet alters microbiome biogeography.Grant Funding Source: National Dairy Council project #1120 administered by Dairy Research Institute
Is the omega‐3 index a valid marker of intestinal membrane phospholipid EPA+DHA content? (822.2)
Authors: Gurzell Eric , Wiesinger Jason , Harris William , Fenton Jenifer 
Published: June 2021

Despite numerous studies investigating n‐3 fatty acids (FA) and inflammatory bowel diseases, the extent to which dietary n‐3 FAs incorporate in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues is unknown. In this study, mice were fed three diets with increasing percent of energy (%en) derived from EPA+DHA, reflecting recommended intakes of fish/fish oil. We analyzed the FA composition of phospholipids extracted from RBCs, plasma, and GI tissues. We observed that the 0.001%en EPA+DHA diet was sufficient to significantly increase the omega‐3 index (RBC EPA+DHA) after 5 week feeding. The baseline EPA levels were 0.2‐0.6% across all tissues increasing to 1.6‐4.3% in the highest EPA+DHA diet; these changes resulted in absolute increases of 1.4‐3.9% EPA across tissues. The baseline DHA levels were 2.2‐5.9% across all tissues increasing to 5.8‐10.5% in the highest EPA+DHA diet; these changes resulted in absolute increases of 3.2‐5.7% DHA across tissues. We identified strong (r > 0.91) and significant (p < 0.001) linear correlations between the omega‐3 index and plasma/GI tissue EPA+DHA content, suggesting that the omega‐3 index reflects the relative amounts of EPA+DHA in GI tissues. These data demonstrate that the GI tissues are highly responsive to dietary LCPUFA supplementation and that the omega‐3 index can serve as a valid biomarker for assessing dietary EPA+DHA incorporation in GI tissues.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R03CA162427 (to JIF)
The source of dietary fat modulates the intestinal microbiota and liver metabolite pattern (822.6)
Authors: Solano‐Aguilar Gloria , Conchas Andrew , Molokin Aleksey , Jang Saebyeol , Lakshman Sukla , Santin‐Duran Monica , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick , Urban Joseph 
Published: June 2021

The source of dietary fat modulates the intestinal microbiota and liver metabolite pattern Gloria Solano‐Aguilar1, Andrew Conchas1, Aleksey Molokin1, Saebyeol Jang1, Sukla Lakshman1, Monica Santin‐Duran1, Masoumeh Sikaroodi2, Patrick Gillevet2, Joseph Urban1. 1USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705; 2Microbiome Analysis Center, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110 The goal of this study was to characterize the intestinal microbiome and host metabolism consequent to feeding an obesogenic diet with different fat sources. We examined the effect of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and palm oil (PO) on the liver metabolite profile and composition of the intestinal microbiota in juvenile pigs fed either a 10.8% low fat (LF) or 39.5% high fat (HF) diet. Thirty two pigs were randomly allocated to dietary treatments: 1) LF‐PO, 2) LF‐AMF, 3) HF‐PO and 4) HF‐AMF for 18 weeks. Fecal samples were collected every three weeks to determine changes in total coliforms, and commensal Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species by RT‐PCR. Proximal colon contents and liver samples were also collected at necropsy and used, respectively, for metagenomic analysis (Multitag Pyrosequencing) and global metabolite profile analysis (GC/MS and LC/MS/MS platforms) and compared across dietary treatment groups. The only affect on the microbiome was an increase in total coliforms in pig fed HF‐PO. Different metabolite clusters were identified between pigs fed the HF and LF diets , and pigs fed HF‐PO and HF‐AMF diets suggesting significant differences in metabolites induced by the amount and type of fat in the diet. Our data suggested a fat source dependent effect on microbiota and liver metabolite composition. The use of AMF may constitute a better source of dietary fat to prevent the increase in pro‐inflammatory responses positively associated with increases in intestinal coliforms.Grant Funding Source: Supported by DRI #1101
The effects of pork vs. chicken/fish in a DASH diet on blood pressure control (823.4)
Authors: Sayer Richard , Chen Ningning , Wright Amy , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Hypertension is a major, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease and mortality that is improved by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The DASH diet emphasizes increased consumption of fruits/vegetables, whole‐grains, lowfat dairy, and poultry/fish and reduced intakes of sodium and red meats (including pork). In a randomized crossover study, 13 women and 6 men, aged 61±7 y (mean±SEM), BMI 31.2±1.7 kg/m2, with high blood pressure (BP) consumed the DASH diet for 2, 6‐wk periods (with a 4‐wk diet washout) with either chicken/fish (DASH‐CF, control diet) or lean pork (DASH‐P) as the major protein source (55% of protein intake). Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP were assessed manually (fasting, morning, seated) and with a 24h BP monitoring system on 3 days prior to and at the end of each diet period. After DASH‐CF, manual SBP and DBP decreased 6±2 and 6±1 mmHg, respectively, and 24h SBP and DBP decreased 9±2 and 5±1mm Hg. After DASH‐P, manual SBP and DBP decreased 8±2 and 5±1 mmHg, and 24h SBP and DBP decreased 8±2 and 4±1 mmHg. All changes in BP were statistically confirmed at p<0.05 and were not different for DASH‐P vs. DASH‐CF (p>0.05). These results indicate that substitution of lean pork for chicken and fish as the predominant source of protein does not influence the effectiveness of a DASH diet to improve blood pressure control.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Pork Board and NIH UL1 TR000006
Soy germ for the prevention of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice (824.9)
Authors: Conlon Lauren , Erdman John W. 
Published: June 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in United States men. Soy germ has higher levels of daidzein and glycitein, and lower amounts of genistein compared to typical soy products. Genistein has been well studied, but less is known about daidzein and its microbially‐produced metabolite, (‐) equol, in PCa development. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of feeding 2% soy germ, daidzein, or (‐) equol on the progression of PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. 3‐week old male C57BL/6 X FVB TRAMP mice were weaned from our breeding colony and immediately acclimated to a custom AIN‐93G control diet for one week. At 4 weeks of age, mice (n=30 per diet group) were randomized to one of four study diets, AIN‐93G control, AIN‐93G + 2% soy germ, AIN‐93G + 92 ppm daidzein, or AIN‐93G + 88 ppm (‐) equol until 18 weeks of age. Levels of daidzein and (‐) equol were matched to daidzein equivalents found in a 2% soy germ diet. Preliminary data shows no differences in food intake or body weight between the groups. Further analyses to be completed include prostate pathology scores, serum inflammatory markers, and epigenetic changes in prostate tissue. At the conclusion of this study, we will determine if a previously observed protective effect of soy germ is associated with the daidzein component or the daidzein metabolite, (‐) equol.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH P50 AT006268
Correlation between dietary intake and plasma levels of choline and betaine in children with autism (827.1)
Authors: Hamlin JoAnna , Crook Tina , James Jill , Gonzales Dana , Hakkak Reza 
Published: June 2021

Alterations in nutrient metabolism may exist in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD’s), especially the pathways involving folate‐dependent one‐carbon metabolism. Few studies have investigated intake and plasma levels of choline and betaine in children with ASD, although they play a role in these metabolic pathways. This study examined 1) differences in plasma levels of choline and betaine in children with and without ASD and 2) relationships between dietary intake and plasma levels of choline and betaine in children with ASD. Secondary data analyses on 63 children were conducted. Significantly lower choline levels were found in children with ASD (M=8.00, SD=2.42) compared to children without ASD, M=10.03, SD=2.84; t (61) =‐3.04, p= 0.004, (two‐tailed). Similarly, betaine levels were significantly lower in children with ASD (M=24.1, SD=6.49) compared to children without ASD, M=36.70, SD= 6.73; t (60)= ‐7.5, p < 0.001, (two‐tailed). Strong, positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma levels of choline (r= 0.657, n=33, p<0.0005) and betaine (r=0.688, n=33, p<0.0005) in children with ASD. These results suggest that children with ASD may have diets inadequate in choline.Grant Funding Source: HRSA; NICHD and Rochester University
Dietary sources of vitamin B12 intake among participants of the Adventist Health Study‐2 calibration study (827.14)
Authors: Damayanti Didit , Haddad Ella , Jaceldo‐Siegl Karen , Beeson Larry , Oda Keiji 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe the contribution of dietary supplements, fortified foods, whole foods, and nutritional yeast to vitamin B12 intake among participants of the AHS‐2 calibration study.Methods: We used cross‐sectional data from the AHS‐2 calibration study whose participants are representative sample of the AHS‐2 cohort. It included 66.7% females, 54.4% Whites, and have a wide variation of dietary intake (8.0% vegans, 28.2% lacto‐ovo‐vegetarians, 9.9% pesco‐vegetarians, 5.6% semi‐vegetarians to 48.3% non‐vegetarians). Dietary intake was assessed from six 24‐hour dietary recalls and entered into Nutrition Data System for Research (University of Minnesota). Dietary sources of vitamin B12 were classified as fortified foods, supplements, whole foods, or nutritional yeast. We identified food group ID 127 as supplements, foods containing vitamin B12 supplement with ID 21018 in ingredient level as fortified foods, foods containing yeast alone with ID 1913 as yeast and foods without fortification as whole foods.Results: Sources of vitamin B12 intake among 922 participants of AHS‐2 calibration study.

Sources of vitamin B12
N
Mean ± SD
5th
Median
95th
Minimum
Maximum

Fortified foods (mcg)
922
3.24 ± 14.75
.00
1.50
7.54
.00
380.82

Supplements (mcg)
905
48.78 ± 177.57
.00
1.60
296.00
.00
2,142.86

Whole foods (mcg)
922
1.99 ±1.99
.09
1.41
6.14
.00
16.79

Yeast (mcg)
922
.01 ± .07
.00
.00
.01
.00
1.93

Conclusions: The highest sources of vitamin B12 intake came from supplements, followed by fortified foods and whole foods.
Folate receptor alpha in human plasma: relationship to folate status and effect of supplementation in healthy reproductive aged females (827.17)
Authors: Stamm Rosemary , Gray Andrew , Green Timothy , Houghton Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Little research has been conducted to determine the effect of chronic folic acid (FA) intake on folate receptors (FR). We aimed to determine if long‐term supplementation with FA (140 or 400 μg/d) changes expression of FRα in blood. Samples from a 40‐wk randomized placebo controlled trial in 144 reproductive aged females were used. Plasma FRα was determined by ELISA, plasma folate vitamer concentrations by LC‐MS/MS, and red blood cell (RBC) folate by microbiologic assay. The geometric mean (SD) FRα concentration was 12.4 (1.7) nmol/L at baseline and 13.2 (1.6) nmol/L at 40‐wks. There were no significant correlations between FRα and any blood folate indices at baseline, however, after 40‐wks, FRα was significantly correlated with RBC folate (Spearman’s r = 0.217, P = 0.021). In a multivariable model, FRα at baseline significantly predicted FRα at 40‐wks (Ratio 2.41, 95% CI 2.23 – 2.60, P < 0.001). While there was no overall effect of treatment (P = 0.124), exploratory subgroup analysis revealed a borderline association of 400 μg/d FA with FRα at 40‐wks (Ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.00‐1.20, P = 0.043), yet no effect of 140 μg/d FA (Ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.95‐1.13, P = 0.414). This suggests that FRα in plasma, which may reflect FRα from decomposed RBCs and neutrophils, may be slightly increased by long‐term FA supplementation. Larger studies are needed to determine effects of chronic FA exposure on FR expression, including in other tissues.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Otago Research Grant
Recruitment in a pediatric clinical research trial targeting underserved populations: efforts and challenges (828.9)
Authors: Ireland Kathy , Manders Aaron , Corkey Barbara , Lenders Carine 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To describe recruitment difficulties in a pediatric clinical research trial targeting underserved populations.Methods: We planned a 6‐month randomized clinical trial of glutamine and placebo to reduce HOMA_IR and weight gain in obese 12‐19 yo adolescents. An estimated 264 patients had to be screened to recruit 66 with insulin levels 蠅15 microU/L. Participants were asked to come to 5 visits at the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) for 2‐3 hrs at 8am and received cash incentives at each visit. Increased recruitment efforts were put in place with the help of trained student volunteers for 14 weeks (6/10‐9/10). Subjects were recruited from BMC’s pediatric outpatient clinics including the pediatric obesity program which was staffed by members of the research team.Results: 2002 adolescents had scheduled clinic visits at BMC. 546 met initial BMI and age criteria. After further exclusions, 179 were eligible; of which 4 made an appointment for a screening visit (SV) and 175 were either not approached, unavailable, refused to participate, or did not follow‐up. Additionally, 120 letters were sent to patients from the BMC obesity clinic, 4 attended a SV. Of the 8 adolescents that attended the SV, 7 were from BMC’s obesity clinic. 2 enrolled while 6 were ineligible due to insulin levels (n=4), medications, and payment issues. Both enrolled subjects were lost to follow‐up.Discussion: Recruitment from the clinic where researchers had an existing relationship with patients was most successful. Challenges included strict inclusion criteria and early appointments in a new setting. Future trials should use looser criteria and methods to make participation less burdensome.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH NDKxxxxx
The protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on fructose‐mediated protein glycation in vitro (829.10)
Authors: Ngamukote Sathaporn , Nunthanawanich Pornpimon , Adisakwattana Sirichai , Mäkynen Kittana , Sapwarobol suwimol , Dahlan Winai 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes causes a non‐enzymatic glycation between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, resulting in production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It has been known that AGEs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetic patients. Moringa Oleifera is one of the well‐known Thai medicinal plants that have been shown to have the favorable effects in the treatment and prevention of diabetes through various mechanisms. However, the antiglycation activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract has not been investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on fructose‐induced protein glycation. Methods: The various concentrations of MOE were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.5M fructose at 37ºC for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Fluorescence AGEs formation, fructosamine and β‐amyloid structure level were measured. Results: MOE (0.5‐2.00 mg/ml) showed a dose‐dependent decrease in fluorescence AGEs formation. Moreover, MOE significantly reduced fructosamine and β‐amyloid structure level when compared to the negative control. Discussion and Conclusion: MOE may reduce diabetic complications through inhibiting the AGEs formation, decreasing fructosamine level and also preventing protein aggregation (β‐amyloid structure). Additionally, this research may also provide beneficial effects of MOE on reducing the risk of advanced glycation endproduct associated diseases.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Thailand Research Fund
Efficacy of consumption of whole and fractionated pulses on plasma lipids in diet‐induced dyslipidemic Syrian hamsters (829.19)
Authors: Ramprasath Vanu , Omar Jaclyn , Sihag Jyoti , Yang Shuo , Ames Nancy , Jones Peter 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to examine effects of whole and fractions of pinto beans and peas on diet induced dyslipidemia. Hamsters were randomly assigned to consume high fat diet (n=12 each) including control (CON); bean starch (BS); bean fibre (BF); whole bean (WB); cooked whole bean (CWB); inner pea fibre (IPF); pea hull fibre (PHF); pea protein isolate (PPI); pea protein concentrate (PPC); or whole pea (WP) for 4 wk. Reduced feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were observed with WB (FI: p=0.030; BWG: p<0.001), BS (FI: p=0.041; BWG: p<0.001) and BF (FI: p=0.037; BWG: p<0.001) compared to CON. However, both FI and BWG did not differ between CWB and CON. Plasma total, HDL and non‐HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations were lower (p<0.05) in CWB, WB, BS and BF compared to CON. Furthermore, no changes in plasma lipids were observed with BF and BS compared to WB. No changes in FI, BWG and plasma glucose and lipid profile were observed with any of the peas supplemented groups compared to CON. A positive hemagglutination was observed with raw WB, BS and BF, but not CWB, against rabbit erythrocytes. Data suggest that, while whole and fractionated peas failed to alter plasma lipids and glucose levels, fractions and whole beans possess lipid lowering and hypoglycemic effects in hamsters, but must be cooked prior to intake. Results indicate that bean consumption can improve blood lipids and reduce cardiovascular disease riskGrant Funding Source: Supported by Pulse Canada; Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada
(‐)‐Epicatechin: cardiometabolic clinical effects supported by preclinical model (829.2)
Authors: Gutierrez‐Salmean Gabriela , Ortiz Pilar , Ramirez Israel , Meaney Eduardo , Villarreal Francisco , Ceballos Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

Background. Obesity associates with cardiometabolic disruptions. Lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapies show moderately effective results. (‐)‐Epicatechin (EPI), the most abundant flavanol in cacao, has been associated with better cardiometabolic health.Objective. To assess the effect of EPI in humans and explain findings through a preclinical study.Methods. In humans, we performed a single‐dose of EPI oral metabolic tolerance test and a 1‐week trial, measuring cardiometabolic endpoints. In rats, we induced weight gain and cardiometabolic disruptions by a high‐fat diet; afterwards, EPI was daily administered for 15 days. Weight gain, glycemia, arterial pressure, triglyceridemia, and HDL‐cholesterol were measured; also, immonublot in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were performed.Results. EPI enhanced lipid oxidation and attenuated hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia during postprandial metabolism. EPI induced weight‐loss, fat loss, and improved cardiometabolic endpoints in humans. In rats, EPI reduced weight gain, blood triglycerides, and hyperglycemia. EPI increased the expression of sirtuins, PCG‐1α, mitofilin, UCP.Conclusions. EPI improved several cardiometabolic risk factors in both humans and animals by modulating energy metabolism. These findings make EPI an attractive candidate for human use in regards of treating obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Grapeseed polyphenol + ∂‐tocotrienol favorably alters lipid profile in C57BL/6J mice with diet‐ induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (829.28)
Authors: Mendez Melissa , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil , Prasad Chandan , Imrhan Vicky 
Published: June 2021

Diets high in fat are associated with the development of obesity and liver pathologies such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently there are no safe drug therapies for NAFLD or NASH, therefore there is a need for alternative therapies. Studies have shown that grapeseed polyphenol (GSP) and ∂‐tocotrienol (∂‐T) may have benefits in reducing NASH‐like symptoms. In this study we have examined the effects of dietary GSP, ∂‐T, and their combination (GSP+ ∂‐T) in C57BL/6J mice fed a high calorie high fat diet for 20 weeks to induce NASH‐like symptoms. The control group was fed high fat diet throughout the study. Hepatic and serum total cholesterol TC), triglycerides (TG), and vitamin E concentrations along with serum free fatty acids (FFA) were assayed. Hepatic and serum TC were significantly lower (p<0.05) in GSP and GSP+ ∂‐T compared controls and ∂‐T groups whereas hepatic TG was lower (p<0.05) only in GSP+ ∂‐T group. Both hepatic and serum vitamin E levels were lower (p<0.05) in GSP+ ∂‐T compared to control and ∂‐T groups. Serum TG and FFA were similar among the groups. Dietary GSP supplementation alone and in combination with ∂‐T attenuates NASH‐like features in C57Bl/6J mice by reducing serum and hepatic lipids.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Research Enhancement Program, Texas Woman’s University.