bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Informal Payments by Patients in Europe: A Public Health Policy Approach
Authors: Horodnic Adrian V. 
Published: November 2021

Background: A new institutional approach toward informal payments in healthcare views informal payments as arising when there is a misalignment between values/norms (informal institutions) and the formal rules (formal institutions) of patients. However, less knowledge is available on the effectiveness of this approach in tackling informal payments in healthcare. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the trends in the effect of institutional misalignment on informal payments made by patients.Methods: A quantitative study design with data extracted from the last three waves of special Eurobarometer surveys on corruption was used to model the propensity of European patients in 27 European Union countries and the United Kingdom to make informal payments. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed in order to test the relationship between the formal–informal institution misalignment and the likelihood to make informal payments. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to test the robustness of the findings.Results: The finding is that there is a strong association between the formal–informal institution misalignment and the likelihood to make informal payments for public healthcare services. Similarly, social norms play a pivotal role. When patients perceive that informal practices are widespread in the public healthcare sector they are more likely to make informal payments themselves.Conclusion: The outcome is a call for complementing deterrence measures toward informal payments in healthcare with measures aiming to reduce the formal–informal institution misalignment and to change the social norms. This can be achieved by improving the structural conditions at country level and by changing values/norms and beliefs of patients.
Influence of a Socially Assistive Robot on Physical Activity, Social Play Behavior, and Toy-Use Behaviors of Children in a Free Play Environment: A Within-Subjects Study
Authors: Raja Vora Joseline , Helmi Ameer , Zhan Christine , Olivares Eliora , Vu Tina , Wilkey Marie , Noregaard Samantha , Fitter Naomi T. , Logan Samuel W. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Play is critical for children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. Technology-based toys like robots are especially of interest to children. This pilot study explores the affordances of the play area provided by developmentally appropriate toys and a mobile socially assistive robot (SAR). The objective of this study is to assess the role of the SAR on physical activity, play behavior, and toy-use behavior of children during free play.Methods: Six children (5 females, Mage = 3.6 ± 1.9 years) participated in the majority of our pilot study’s seven 30-minute-long weekly play sessions (4 baseline and 3 intervention). During baseline sessions, the SAR was powered off. During intervention sessions, the SAR was teleoperated to move in the play area and offered rewards of lights, sounds, and bubbles to children. Thirty-minute videos of the play sessions were annotated using a momentary time sampling observation system. Mean percentage of time spent in behaviors of interest in baseline and intervention sessions were calculated. Paired-Wilcoxon signed rank tests were conducted to assess differences between baseline and intervention sessions.Results: There was a significant increase in children’s standing (∼15%; Z = −2.09; p = 0.037) and a tendency for less time sitting (∼19%; Z = −1.89; p = 0.059) in the intervention phase as compared to the baseline phase. There was also a significant decrease (∼4.5%, Z = −2.70; p = 0.007) in peer interaction play and a tendency for greater (∼4.5%, Z = −1.89; p = 0.059) interaction with adults in the intervention phase as compared to the baseline phase. There was a significant increase in children’s interaction with the robot (∼11.5%, Z = −2.52; p = 0.012) in the intervention phase as compared to the baseline phase.Conclusion: These results may indicate that a mobile SAR provides affordances through rewards that elicit children’s interaction with the SAR and more time standing in free play. This pilot study lays a foundation for exploring the role of SARs in inclusive play environments for children with and without mobility disabilities in real-world settings like day-care centers and preschools.
Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Evans Eric , Naugle Keith E. , Ovispo Alex , Kaleth Anthony S. , Arnold Brent , Naugle Kelly M. 
Published: November 2021

Separately, both physical activity and virtual reality can attenuate pain sensitivity in healthy adults. What is unknown is whether virtual reality combined with physical activity (active virtual reality) could have a greater hypoalgesic effect compared to non-active virtual reality distraction (passive virtual reality engagement).Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether playing physically active virtual reality games exert a greater hypoalgesic effect than a non-active virtual reality game.Methods: Participants (n = 36) played three different active virtual reality games (Beat Saber, Holopoint, and Hot Squat) and one non-active virtual reality game (Relax Walk) for 15 min on four different visits. During gameplay, participants wore accelerometers on the thigh, wrist, and waist to measure movement intensity and quantity. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the forearm and thigh immediately prior to gameplay (pretest) and immediately following each gaming bout (posttest).Results: Analysis of the accelerometer data indicated that Hot Squat elicited greater whole-body and lower body moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to the other games. The ANOVA revealed an overall hypoalgesic effect of the virtual reality games on the forearm, regardless of game type. Results also showed a significant hypoalgesic effect on the thigh following gameplay for Hot Squat, Holopoint, and Relax Walk VR. The magnitude of pain reduction was significantly greater during Hot Squat compared to the other games.Conclusion: Virtual reality gameplay exerted a hypoalgesic effect on experimental pressure pain. Additionally, the data provided evidence of a potential enhanced hypoalgesic effect of physically active virtual reality compared to non-active VR on pressure pain sensitivity.
Italian Vascular Flora: New Findings, Updates and Exploration of Floristic Similarities between Regions
Authors: Stinca Adriano , Musarella Carmelo Maria , Rosati Leonardo , Laface Valentina Lucia Astrid , Licht Wolfgang , Fanfarillo Emanuele , Wagensommer Robert Philipp , Galasso Gabriele , Fascetti Simonetta , Esposito Assunta , Fiaschi Tiberio , Nicolella Gianluca , Chianese Giuseppina , Ciaschetti Giampiero , Salerno Giovanni , Fortini Paola , Di Pietro Romeo , Perrino Enrico Vito , Angiolini Claudia , De Simone Leopoldo , Mei Giacomo 
Published: November 2021

The tradition of floristic studies in Italy has made it possible to obtain a good knowledge of plant diversity both on a national and regional scale. However, the lack of knowledge for some areas, advances in plant systematics and human activities related to globalization, highlight the need for further studies aimed at improving floristic knowledge. In this paper, based on fieldwork and herbaria and literature surveys, we update the knowledge on the Italian vascular flora and analyze the floristic similarities between the administrative regions. Four taxa, all exotic, were recorded for the first time in Italy and Europe. In detail, Elaeodendron croceum, Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, and Sedum spathulifolium var. spathulifolium were found as casual aliens, while Oxalis brasiliensis was reported as historical record based on some herbarium specimens. Furthermore, Kalanchoë laxiflora was confirmed as a casual alien species for Italy and Europe. Status changes for some taxa were proposed at both national and regional levels, as well as many taxa were reported as new or confirmed at the regional level. Currently the Italian vascular flora comprises 9150 taxa of which 7547 are native (of which 1598 are Italian endemics) and 1603 are exotic at the national level. The multivariate analysis of updated floristic data on a regional scale showed a clear distribution along the latitudinal gradient, in accordance with the natural geographical location of the regions in Italy. This pattern of plants distribution was not affected by the introduction of alien species. Despite some taxonomic and methodological issues which are still open, the data obtained confirm the important role of floristic investigations in the field and in herbaria, as well as the collaborative approach among botanists, in order to improve the knowledge of the Italian and European vascular flora.
Microstructural Features in Multicore Cu–Nb Composites
Authors: Popova Elena N. , Deryagina Irina L. , Valova-Zaharevskaya Evgeniya G. , Ruello Maria Letizia , Popov Vladimir V. 
Published: November 2021

The study is devoted to heavily drawn multicore Cu–18Nb composites of cylindrical and rectangular shapes. The composites were fabricated by the melt-and-deform method, namely, 600 in situ rods of Cu–18%Nb alloy were assembled in a copper shell and cold-drawn to a diameter of 15.4 mm (e = 10.2) and then rolled into a rectangular shape the size of 3 × 5.8 mm (e = 12.5). The specimens were analyzed from the viewpoints of their microstructure, microhardness, and thermal stability. The methods of SEM, TEM, X-ray analysis, and microhardness measurements were applied. It is demonstrated that, at higher strain, the fiber texture 110Nb∥ 111Cu∥ DD (drawing direction), characteristic of this material, becomes sharper. The distortions of niobium lattice can be observed, namely, the 110 Nb interplanar distance is broadened in longitudinal direction of specimens and compacted in transverse sections. The copper matrix lattice is distorted as well, though its distortions are much less pronounced due to its recrystallization. Evolution of microstructure under annealing consists mainly in the coagulation of ribbon-like Nb filaments and in the vanishing of lattice distortions. The structural changes in Nb filaments start at 300–400 °C, then develop actively at 600 °C and cause considerable decrease of strength at 700–800 °C.
Characterization of Four Novel dsRNA Viruses Isolated from Mucor hiemalis Strains
Authors: Kartali Tünde , Nyilasi Ildikó , Kocsubé Sándor , Patai Roland , Polgár Tamás F. , Zsindely Nóra , Nagy Gábor , Bodai László , Lipinszki Zoltán , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Papp Tamás 
Published: November 2021

We previously screened the total nucleic acid extracts of 123 Mucor strains for the presence of dsRNA molecules without further molecular analyses. Here, we characterized five novel dsRNA genomes isolated from four different Mucor hiemalis strains with next-generation sequencing (NGS), namely Mucor hiemalis virus 1a (MhV1a) from WRL CN(M) 122; Mucor hiemalis virus 1b (MhV1b) from NRRL 3624; Mucor hiemalis virus 2 (MhV2) from NRRL 3616; and Mucor hiemalis virus 3 (MhV3) and Mucor hiemalis virus (MhV4) from NRRL 3617 strains. Genomes contain two open reading frames (ORF), which encode the coat protein (CP) and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. In MhV1a and MhV1b, it is predicted to be translated as a fusion protein via -1 ribosomal frameshift, while in MhV4 via a rare +1 (or−2) ribosomal frameshift. In MhV2 and MhV3, the presence of specific UAAUG pentanucleotide motif points to the fact for coupled translation termination and reinitialization. MhV1a, MhV2, and MhV3 are part of the clade representing the genus Victorivirus, while MhV4 is seated in Totivirus genus clade. The detected VLPs in Mucor strains were from 33 to 36 nm in diameter. Hybridization analysis revealed that the dsRNA molecules of MhV1a-MhV4 hybridized to the corresponding molecules.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI CAREGIVER PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA
Authors: Hjg Hana Hana , Yundari Hana Hana 
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPeran keluarga sebagai caregiver pasien skizofrenia menjadi hal utama untuk mencegah kekambuhan serta sangat penting untuk keberhasilan terapi pada perawatan pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan peran keluarga sebagai caregiver pasien skizofrenia. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah korelasi, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling dengan cara non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling, sebanyak 256 orang. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor pengetahuan dan sikap dengan peran keluarga sebagai caregiver pasien skizofrenia (p0,05), sedangkan tidak ada hubungan faktor fasilitas kesehatan dengan peran keluarga sebagai caregiver pasien skizofrenia (p0,05). Diskusi: Hal ini disebabkan karena pengetahuan dan sikap merupakan faktor predisposisi terbentuknya prilaku yaitu peran keluarga sebagai caregiver. Saran kepada keluarga agar memberikan motivasi dan aktif mengikuti kegiatan-kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan pemahaman tentang perawatan pasien dirumah. Kata kunci: Peran keluarga, Caregiver, Pengetahuan, Sikap.
O PERFIL DO ENOTURISTA NA REGIÃO DEMARCADA DO DOURO:
Authors: Coelho Sofia , Remondes Jorge , Costa António Pedro 
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste estudo visa determinar o perfil do enoturista na Região Demarcada do Douro, em Portugal, nomeadamente na Quinta da Gaivosa. Fez-se primeiro uma revisão da literatura centrada na temática do enoturismo, principalmente na Região em estudo e, posteriormente, construiu-se um questionário que foi aplicado junto de 75 enoturistas que se deslocaram à Quinta da Gaivosa. Os resultados mostram que os enoturistas entrevistados são predominantemente homens a residir em Portugal, com uma idade intermédia, trabalhadores por conta de outrém, com elevado poder de compra, bem como detentores de formação superior. Por outro lado, os enoturistas consomem regularmente vinho e visitam normalmente, acompanhados pela família, quintas vinícolas duas a três vezes por ano. As suas principais motivações para a prática do enoturismo são as provas de vinhos, aprender mais sobre vinhos, o processo de produção, e visitar caves/adegas.
Heritage Conservation Through Public Donation in Malaysia: A Potential for Islamic Crowdfunding
Authors: Ishak Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat , Muhammad Huzaifah Kamaruddin  
Published: November 2021

Heritage tourism sites are vital to be preserved due to their multiple benefits for society and nation. Nevertheless, over the years, some of these sites have been threatened due to the lack of funds to support conservation costs. While heritage sites need financial aids for their sustainability, the government allocation on this matter may be restricted, as they need to emphasise crucial areas like people welfare and economic development. In this regard, this study aims to explore the applicability of Islamic crowdfunding for heritage conservation in this country. In fact, crowdfunding has been successfully proven its role in supporting community-based projects. Through library research, two models are developed: infaq-based and waqf-based models. Despite this study is considered conceptual, its finding proposes two practical models that can be applied as crowdfunding platforms to support the conservation of heritage tourism sites in Malaysia.
Conventional Versus Sharia Money Market Mutual Funds: Which Performs Better During the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Martia Dina Yeni , Muhammad Rois  , Muliasari  , Latifah Risqiana  , Noverdi Radja Dwilega  
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine whether conventional money market mutual funds perform better than sharia money market mutual funds or vice versa during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research method is descriptive with a quantitative comparison approach. This study employed secondary data obtained from IDX, Indonesian Bank, and Pasar Dana website. The research employed the money market mutual funds data, Net Asset Value, BI 7 Days Repo rate during year 2020. Sharpe ratio utilized in this research to determine the money market mutual funds performance. Then, the result compared by using Independent sample T-test on SPSS. The result uncovers that in general the performance of conventional money market mutual funds performance superior the sharia money market mutual funds performance during covid-19 in Indonesia. However, both mutual funds average Sharpe ratio show the negative number during 2020. Moreover, there are no significant difference between conventional and sharia money market mutual funds returns during the period 2020. The high different return on the maximum return due to some conventional mutual fund perform exceptional during 2020.
μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males
Authors: Nummenmaa Lauri , Jern Patrick , Malén Tuulia , Kantonen Tatu , Pekkarinen Laura , Lukkarinen Lasse , Sun Lihua , Nuutila Pirjo , Putkinen Vesa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across humans, and it is possible that individual differences in MOR availability underlie interindividual of variation in human sex drive. We measured healthy male subjects’ (n = 52) brain’s MOR availability with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand, [11C]carfentanil, that has high affinity for MORs. Sex drive was measured using self-reports of engaging in sexual behaviour (sex with partner and masturbating). Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sex drive was positively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and cingulate cortices. These results were replicated in full-volume GLM analysis. These widespread effects are in line with high spatial autocorrelation in MOR expression in human brain. Complementary voxel-based morphometry analysis (n = 108) of anatomical MR images provided limited evidence for positive association between sex drive and cortical density in the midcingulate cortex. We conclude that endogenous MOR tone is associated with individual differences in sex drive in human males.
Clinical Genealogical and Epigenetic Examination of Patients with Juvenile Epiphysiolysis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Holiuk Ye.L. , Kabatsii M.S. , Filipchuk V.V. , Melnyk M.V. , Lukianova N.Yu. 
Published: November 2021

Summary. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a multifactorial disease caused by a number of factors, and each of them can be triggered in its occurrence. Modern research is increasingly pointing to the leading role of epigenetic structures in the origin and course of this group of diseases. In recent years, the most promising area is the study of the role of microRNAs as an epigenetic factor that plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases.
Objective: to develop a methodology for genetic genealogical examination of patients with juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femoral head.
Materials and Methods. The study material was 26 patients with SCFE (15 girls and 11 boys) in different periods of sexual development: prepuberty – 7 patients, induction of puberty – 12 patients, and puberty and postpuberty – 7 patients. A questionnaire developed by us was used for clinical and genealogical research of the patients. The material for the epigenetic study, namely the study of microRNA-21 expression in patients with SCFE, was venous blood.
Results. The expression of microRNA-21 in the blood of patients with SCFE is different (average expression is 0.86 conventional units) from those of healthy donors (average 0.393 conventional units) of the same age (p<0.05). Analysis of dependence on the period of sexual development revealed statistical differences in indicators depending on the group (p<0.05). No dependence of the level of microRNA-21 expression in patients with SCFE on sex and the period before or after surgery (p>0.05) was revealed. The obtained data on the probability of the influence of hereditary factors on the occurrence of SCFE are statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Our results of epigenetic and clinical genealogical research of patients with SCFE showed a high probability of influence of hereditary and epigenetic factors on the occurrence and course of this disease.
Computational prediction of electrical and thermal properties of graphene and BaTiO3 reinforced epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Mishra Raghvendra , Goel Saurav , Yazdani Nezhad Hamed 
Published: November 2021

Graphene based materials e.g., graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nano platelets (GNP) as well as Barium titanate (BaTiO3) are emerging reinforcing agents which upon mixing with epoxy provides composite materials with superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties as well as shielding against electromagnetic (EM) radiations. Inclusion of the aforementioned reinforcing agents has shown to improve the performance, however, the extent of improvement has remained uncertain. In this study, a computational modelling approach was adopted using COMSOL Multiphysics software in conjunction with Bayesian statistical analysis to investigate the effects of including various filler materials e.g. GO, RGO, GNP and BaTiO3 in influencing the direct current (DC) conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (ε) and thermal properties on the resulting epoxy polymer matrix composites. The simulation of epoxy composites were performed for different volume percentage of the filler materials by varying the geometry of the filler material. It was observed that the content of GO, RGO, GNPs and the thickness of graphene nanoplatelets can alter the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. The lower thickness of GNPs was found to offer the larger value of DC conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity than rest of the graphene nanocomposites, while, the RGO showed better dielectric constant value than neat epoxy, and GO, GNP nanocomposites. Similarly, BaTiO3 nanoparticles content and diameter were observed to alter the dielectric constant, DC conductivity and thermal properties of modified epoxy in several order magnitude than neat epoxy. In this way, the higher diameter particles of BaTiO3 showed better DC conductivity properties, dielectric constant value, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, this research provides guidance for further computational examination on the selection of GNP and BaTiO3 materials for the enhancement of the electrical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix.