bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VII-3 SMP Negeri 5 Sabang Materi Pecahan Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif TGT
Authors: Safwan Ady 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to improve the learning result of grade VII.3 students of SMP Negeri 5 Sabang on fraction topic by applying TGT (Team Games Tournament) cooperative learning model. This is a type of classroom action research consisting of two cycles. The data collection was carried out on August to October 2018, while subject of the study is grade VII.3 students. Data collection technique applied in this study is tests and observations. Quiz tests are carried out to determine the students’ learning result individually while observations are conducted to find out the teacher's activities during implementing TGT cooperative learning model. Descriptive analysis was chosen as the technique of data analysis. Score analysis was carried out by analysing the standard achievement of minimum satndard score 70. The average score of students in the first cycle was 25.89, the highest score was 57. Meanwhile, the average score of the second cycle decreased to 7.46 with the highest score 33. The research result indicates that there has not been an increase in students’ learning result in fraction topic by applying TGT cooperative learning model. In conclusion, it can be stated that that the application of the TGT cooperative learning model in learning fractions in class of VII-3 SMP Negeri 5 Sabang cannot help teachers to improve students’ learning result.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Materi Himpunan melalui Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Berbantuan Android
Authors: Amimah Ani 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to improve the activeness as well as mathematics learning achievement on sets topic through the Jigsaw learning model, grade VII B students of SMP Negeri 12 Semarang odd semester of 2018/2019 academic year. The research process consists of two cycles, in which each cycle covers for steps namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The research data were in the form of observation sheet notes, test results, and assignment results. The type of collected data is qualitative and quantitative data. Technique of data collection applies documentation, observation and analysis of learning results. Research instruments cover score list, notes of teaching and learning journal, and observation sheet. Data validation is done by involving observer and colleagues involved during the collaboration. Data analysis was performed using descriptive comparative technique by comparing pre, first and second cycle data. This step was then followed with critical analysis by conducting the reflection. Previously, the average knowledge score of grade VII B students on set topic was 55, while the average skill score was 56. Later on, after the jigsaw learning model was applied, average of the knowledge score increased to 65.6 at the first cycle, and 81.3 at the second cycle. Meanwhile the average of skill score was increased to 71.9 at the first cycle and 83.6 at the second cycle. These results indicate that there is an increase at the mathematics learning achievement for grade VII B students. In addition, students’ activities are increasingly optimal; they show quite positive responses towards teaching and learning activity.
Media CCT (Card of Critical Thinking) dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Primaningsih Dyani 
Published: August 2021

One of the thinking skills can be developed through mathematics education is critical thinking. Teacher may take one of the steps to stimulate critical thinking skills by means of CCT (Cards of Critical Thinking) learning media. CCT is a learning media in the form of question cards; containing critical thinking questions like "is there something wrong, why it is wrong, and what should be done to correct the mistakes". The questions in this CCT met the criteria and indicators of critical thinking, namely FRISCO (Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity, and Overview). The CCT is applied through the PBL (Problem Based Learning) approach. The main purpose of this literacy study is to describe teaching and learning steps through the application of CCT (Cards of Critical Thinking) to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Media Kartu Derivatif dalam Pembelajaran Turunan
Authors: Laba I Wayan 
Published: August 2021

This study describes an alternative strategy in mathematics teaching and learning on derivative topic using derivative card-based media, which refers to constructivism view. Mathematics teaching and learning using constructivism principles will enable the students to construct their own knowledge/understanding so that their conceptual knowledge becomes more resistant. Meanwhile, derivative card media is an alternative media to help students understand the concepts of differential/derivative through games so that it emerges a meaningful learning.
Banach-Steinhaus Theorem for the Space P of All Primitives of Henstock-Kurzweil Integrable Functions
Authors: Ng Wee Leng 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, it is shown how the Banach-Steinhaus theorem for the space P of all primitives of Henstock-Kurzweil integrable functions on a closed bounded interval, equipped with the uniform norm, can follow from the Banach-Steinhaus theorem for the Denjoy space by applying the classical Hahn-Banach theorem and Riesz representation theorem.
Thin Films Growth of SnO_2:F/CdS/CdTe, and Studies of Their Physical and Optical Properties using Spray Pyrolysis Techniques
Authors: Musa A. O. , Ahmed A. B. , Said Mansur , Tsoho Mani , Suleiman A. B. 
Published: August 2021

Fluorine doped tin oxide, Cadmium Sulphide and Cadmium Telluride thin films have been deposted on Soda Lime glass substrate at respectively by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique and are important semiconductor materials in optoelectronic devices such as optical sensors, light-emitting diodes, transistors and photovoltaic cells. thin films were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, SEM and optical studies. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the deposited was found to be of cassiterite type with tetragonal rutile structure, observation of peaks of different planes on an X-ray diffraction graph of thin film showed that film obtained were cubic structure. The main peak value of thin film is seen at , which is the characteristic peak of the compound and the film structure was obtained at the major peak indicating the preferred orientation of films along direction. This confirms the formation of thin film, with (111) as the strongest preferred plane of orientation. The surface morphology of the thin films was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical energy band gap of thin films are determine The results showed that the prepared FTO, CdS and CdTe films can be used in solar energy applications.
Political, Social and Cultural Reforms under the Sovereignty of Amir Sher Ali Khan
Authors: Gharwal Saifullah , Ziar Asmatullah 
Published: August 2021

The second rule of Amir Sher Ali Khan (1868-1878) has a special place in the contemporary history of Afghanistan. During this period, new features of the political, administrative, and cultural system were introduced, new institutions established in the country, and efforts were made to flourish civilization. He is one of the most broad-minded kings in the modern history of Afghanistan who has done his best for the development of Afghanistan. This article discusses the political, social, and cultural reforms of the second sovereignty of Amir Sher Ali Khan to create a sequence of historical events and take a chronological form, therefore, before his rule and especially during the reign of his father Amir Dost Mohammad Khan, several reform programs have been briefly discussed which the basis for his reforms are.
In this article, we conclude that Amir Sher Ali Khan has brought about significant political, social, and cultural reforms for the new Afghanistan. On the other hand, he got into a series of internal problems and a big game between the Russian and British colonial circles and not allowed him to carry out all his plans. The British invaded Afghanistan for the second time and ended its rule, and whatever programs for the flourishing of a new civilization were suspended, Afghanistan was left behind in the caravan of global progress.
The Erosive Potential of Acidic Candies: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Feitosa Bezerra , Ghazvini Aida , Vásquez Renzo Alberto Ccahuana , Meira Ingrid Andrade , Cunha Juliellen Luiz Da , Fernandes Nayanna Lana Soares , Amaechi Bennett Tochukwu 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosive potential of saliva on dental enamel sucking the acidic candies, and their effects on the pH, titratable acidity (TA) and buffering capacity (β) of saliva.
Methodology: Human enamel specimens (n = 216) were randomly in 17 acidic candy groups and one negative control (paraffin wax) group. Three human volunteers sucked each candy for 5 min while spitting into a covered and chilled vial. The pH, TA and β were measured immediately after the saliva collection. For erosive challenge, each specimen was immersed in saliva at room temperature for 120 min without agitation. The erosion was measured by surface microhardness (SMH) tester and with 3D non-contact optical profilometer for depth of surface loos (DSL). Percentage of SMH change (%SMHC) was calculated. ANOVA followed by Tukey test and Pearson correlation were performed (α=0.05).
Results: All candies lowered saliva pH below 5.5, and produced significant DSL (P<0.05) and %SMHC (P<0.01) on enamel, when compared to negative control. The Baby bottle Pop candy presented the lowest erosive potential. No significant differences were observed in DSL between all candies and the negative control, except for the PicoSitos candy. However, for the %SMHC almost all the candies were significantly different from negative control. Correlations were observed between the pH and TA and β, between TA and β, and between the %SMHC and DSL variables (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Acidic candies can lower the saliva pH, hindering its buffering effect. The DSL and %SMHC analysis showed enamel dissolution with all candies investigated.
Remediation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Aqueous Solution Using Locally Sourced Seaweed (Fucus spiralis) Through HPLC
Authors: Bungudu J. I. , Murphy Lorrie M. 
Published: August 2021

Metformin hydrochloride is an anti-hyperglycaemic drug that is widely prescribed in the management of noninsulin diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, metformin does not undergo complete metabolism in the body thereby excreting significant amount through urine and eventual discharged into the water bodies. Therefore, this work investigates the possibility bio-sorption of metformin by Fucus spiralis seaweed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FITR was used for quantifying metformin biosorption. The result shows that Fucus spiralis is a potential biosbent for metformin removal in aqueous solution. The highest removal was up to 74% at 50 µg/mL. It can be mentioned here that this study is the first of it kind in testing seaweed for metformin biosorption.
In conclusion, biomass (Fucus spiralis) was tested for its efficiency in metformin removal in aqueous solution. Adsorption studies revealed that F. spiralis can be used as potential adsorbent for metformin uptake. Very limited literature investigates the application of seaweeds species for pharmaceutical remediation. Remediation of waste and surface water using readily available adsorbent such as seaweed will be useful as it relates to human health and environmental contamination. HPLC was used in this study but other spectroscopic technique such as UV/vis could be explored to ascertain the optimized method. Further studies would be needed to test other algal species for metformin bio sorption.
Maintenance Performance Evaluation and Downtime Analysis of Manufacturing Equipment in a Food Manufacturing Company
Authors: Igbokwe N. C. , Godwin H. C. 
Published: August 2021

In food manufacturing, maintenance of manufacturing equipment is one of the most important essentials for an efficient manufacturing as this sector continuously face challenges that makes maintenance very critical due to the nature of manufacturing, thus as a result food manufacturing companies must add or modify their maintenance strategies in order to keep production running efficiently. The aim of this study is to carry out a maintenance performance evaluation and downtime analysis in a food manufacturing company and suggest areas for further improvement. In this study, an empirical case study was carried out in order to evaluate the maintenance performance and downtime analysis. Overall equipment effectiveness and Pareto analysis were used to carry out a maintenance performance evaluation and downtime analysis on the manufacturing equipment using three years historical data obtained from the food manufacturing company as an industrial case study. The study found that the average overall equipment effectiveness is 55.30% which is a low value when compared with Overall Equipment Effectiveness world standards, meaning that the manufacturing organisation is operating in an average condition and there is a required urgent improvement of maintenance policies and strategies, otherwise it will be difficult for the manufacturing organisation to sustain it. Thus it is necessary that in order to improve productivity, the manufacturing organisation under study should look into its manufacturing strategies so that urgent improvement of maintenance policies and strategies can be implemented and adopted.
Pain Medicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Pandey Chandrashekhar , Devadiga Trupti , Thorat Ashutosh Jaysing , Punde Prashant Ashok 
Published: August 2021

A significant amount of empirical progress has been made in the management of pain over the last century,largely as a result of the introduction of a more effective pharmacological agent and the developmentof a better understanding of the principle of molecular development that governsits use. Much remains to be learned from the mechanisms and treatment of pain by researchers and practitioners. This review article will discuss regarding the important aspects of pain control in oral and maxillofacial facial surgery.
A Simple LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Vemurafenib in Rat Plasma Fed with High Fat Diet
Authors: Özdemir Ayşe , Şanli Senem , Akbel Erten 
Published: August 2021

In this study, high fat diet was fed to rats and the amount of vemurafenib in rat plasma was determined by the developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The calibration curve was linear between 0.01 and 0.8 µg mL−1 vemurafenib with 0.999 regression coefficient. The limit of detection and quantification of the method are estimated from the signal to noise ratio 3:1 and 10:1, respectively. These are 1.10-4 µg mL−1 for LOD and 4. 10-4 µg mL−1 for LOQ. This method has been found to be reproducible and highly sensitive and provides a combination of faster analysis time and improved limits of detection.
Study of Efficacy of Diode Laser in Unwanted Facial Hair: Dynamic Versus Static Mode
Authors: Singh Adarsh Lata , Chandak Meenakshi , Ghatge Anugandha , Chandak Sejal 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hair forms an important appendage of the body playing a significant role in an individual’s psychosocial personality. Hirsutism is the presence of terminal hair at androgen-dependent sites in a female. Hypertrichosis is excessive hair growth all over the body in a non-androgen dependent manner. Increased terminal facial hair growth leads to cosmetic embarrassment, psychological distress and a low self-esteem in women. Currently, the most effective and advanced procedure for unwanted hair removal is laser epilation. Diode laser (800-855nm) are the most frequently used for this purpose and can be used in two different modes FDP (Fast delivery pulse) and DP (delivery pulse). With this study we aim to compare the efficacy of these two modes of diode laser for facial hair reduction.
Objectives: 1.To study the clinical presentation of unwanted facial hair in patients visiting the department. 2. To study the trichoscopic features of facial hair in patients. 3.To study the correlation between the endocrinal abnormalities and clinical presentation in patients with increased facial hair. 4. To study the effectiveness of two different modes of diode laser on facial hair.
Methods: It is a prospective randomized control study with a total of 20 female patients in the age group of 18-50 years with complaints of unwanted facial hair. VIKINI Diode laser of wavelength 808nm will be used for treatment. Post randomization the participants will be divided into two groups, one of them will be treated with FDP (Fast delivery pulse) mode and the other with DP (delivery pulse) mode. A total of six sittings will be performed at an interval of 4 weeks. Baseline trichoscopy findings as well as trichoscopy at follow up visits at one, three and six months will be recorded. Post procedure patient satisfaction and pain assessment will be also be recorded.
Expected Results: The result would be undertaken in SPSS software. This study will help in understanding which technique is superior for laser hair reduction for facial hair.
Conclusion: The conclusion will be based on findings for study protocol.
‘A home by the sea’
Authors: Engl Rob , Gooder John , Ellis Clare , Donahue Randolph , Evans Adrian , Carruthers Graeme , Hudson Gemma 
Published: August 2021

In 2001 excavation works undertaken in advance of quarrying at East Barns, East Lothian (NGR: NT 7121 7686), revealed the substantial remains of a robust Mesolithic house structure, securely dated to the late 9th millennium BC. The house was situated within a large, natural hollow whose gradual infilling had effectively sealed the archaeological deposits. The house consisted of a sub-circular sunken floor with the remains of a westfacing entrance and two concentric angled post rings, suggesting episodes of replacement if not actual rebuilding. The remains of interior furniture were also recorded in the form of post holes, a platform, and three probable hearth features. A charred deposit of occupation debris rich in lithics sealed many of the structural features around the internal perimeter of the house. The distribution of this deposit appeared to reflect informal refuse toss/drop zones formed during the occupation of the structure and suggests some form of internal spatial organisation.
The house at East Barns joins an increasing group of substantial analogous sites related to Early Mesolithic activity in Scotland and northern England. These substantial house sites reflect increasing socio-economic, cultural and chronological complexity during the Mesolithic. As such the site allows provisional hypotheses to be formed about the scale and nature of Early Mesolithic social and economic adaptation around the North Sea Basin.
Vehicle Control as a Measure of Real‐World Driving Performance in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mikuls Ted R. , Merickel Jennifer , Gwon Yeongjin , Sayles Harlan , Petro Alison , Cannella Amy , Snow Marcus H. , Feely Michael , England Bryant R. , Michaud Kaleb , Rizzo Matthew 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify vehicle control as a metric of automobile driving performance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsNaturalistic driving assessments were completed in patients with active RA and controls without disease. Data were collected using in‐car, sensor‐based instrumentation installed in the participants’ own vehicles to observe typical driving habits. RA disease status, disease activity, and functional status were associated with vehicle control (lateral [steering] and longitudinal [braking/accelerating] acceleration variability) using mixed‐effect linear regression models stratified by road type (defined by roadway speed limit).ResultsAcross 1,292 driving hours, RA drivers (n = 33) demonstrated differences in vehicle control compared to controls (n = 23), with evidence of significant statistical interaction between disease status and road type (P < 0.001). On residential roads, participants with RA demonstrated overall lower braking/accelerating variability than controls (P ≤ 0.004) and, when disease activity was low, lower steering variability (P = 0.03). On interstates/highways, RA was associated with increased steering variability among those with moderate/high Clinical Disease Activity Index scores (P = 0.04). In models limited to RA, increases in disease activity and physical disability over 12 weeks of observation were associated with a significant increase in braking/accelerating variability on interstate/highways (both P < 0.05).ConclusionUsing novel naturalistic assessments, we linked RA and worsening RA disease severity with aberrant vehicle control. These findings support the need for further research to map these observed patterns in vehicle control to metrics of driver risk and, in turn, to link patterns of real‐world driving behavior to diagnosis and disease activity.
Simultaneously Tuning Band Structure and Oxygen Reduction Pathway toward High‐Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production Using Cyano‐Rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Cheng , Yang Zhi , Li Shan , Chu Chiheng , Chen Baoliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe demands for green production of hydrogen peroxide have triggered extensive studies in the photocatalytic synthesis, but most photocatalysts suffer from rapid charge recombination and poor 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) selectivity. Here, a novel composite photocatalyst of cyano‐rich graphitic carbon nitride g‐C3N4 is fabricated in a facile manner by sodium chloride‐assisted calcination on dicyandiamide. The obtained photocatalysts exhibit superior activity (7.01 mm h−1 under λ ≥ 420 nm, 16.05 mm h−1 under simulated sun conditions) for H2O2 production and 93% selectivity for 2e− ORR, much higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art photocatalyst. The porous g‐C3N4 with Na dopants and cyano groups simultaneously optimize two limiting steps of the photocatalytic 2e− ORR: photoactivity, and selectivity. The cyano groups can adjust the band structure of g‐C3N4 to achieve high activity. They also serve as oxygen adsorption sites, in which local charge polarization facilitates O2 adsorption and protonation. With the aid of Na+, the O2 is reduced to produce more superoxide radicals as the intermediate products for H2O2 synthesis. This work provides a facile approach to simultaneously tune photocatalytic activity and 2e− ORR selectivity for boosting H2O2 production, and then paves the way for the practical application of g‐C3N4 in environmental remediation and energy supply.