bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on Lung Allograft and Clinical Outcomes in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case-control Study
Authors: Permpalung Nitipong , Bazemore Katrina , Chiang Teresa Po-Yu , Mathew Joby , Barker Lindsay , Nematollahi Saman , Cochran Willa , Sait Afrah S. , Avery Robin K. , Shah Pali D. 
Published: June 2021

Background.
The impacts of COVID-19 on lung allograft function, rejection, secondary infection, and clinical outcomes in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) remain unknown.

Methods.
A 1:2 matched case–control study was performed to evaluate rehospitalization, lung allograft function, and secondary infections up to 90 d after COVID-19 diagnosis (or index dates for controls).

Results.
Twenty-four LTRs with COVID-19 (cases) and 48 controls were identified. Cases and controls had similar baseline characteristics and lung allograft function. LTRs with COVID-19 had higher incidence of secondary bacterial infection (29.2% versus 6.3%, P = 0.008), readmission (29.2% versus 10.4%, P = 0.04), and for-cause bronchoscopy (33.3% versus 12.5%, P = 0.04) compared with controls. At d 90, mortality in cases versus controls was 8.3% versus 2.1% (P = 0.21), incidence of invasive fungal infections in cases versus controls was 20.8% versus 8.3% (P = 0.13) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline ≥10% from baseline occurred in 19% of cases versus 12.2% of controls (P = 0.46). No acute cellular rejection, acute antibody-mediated rejection, or new donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies were observed among cases or controls within 90 d post index date.

Conclusions.
We found LTRs with COVID-19 were at risk to develop secondary infections and rehospitalization post COVID-19, compared with controls. While we did not observe post viral acute cellular rejection or antibody-mediated rejection, further studies are needed to understand if LTRs with COVID-19 who did not recover baseline lung function within 90 d have developed chronic lung allograft dysfunction stage progression.
COVID-19 patient accounts of illness severity, treatments and lasting symptoms
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Werchan Denise , Hendrix Cassandra L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFirst-person accounts of COVID-19 illness and treatment complement and enrich data derived from electronic medical or public health records. With patient-reported data, it is uniquely possible to ascertain in-depth contextual information as well as behavioral and emotional responses to illness. The Novel Coronavirus Illness Patient Report (NCIPR) dataset includes complete survey responses from 1,592 confirmed COVID-19 patients ages 18 to 98. NCIPR survey questions address symptoms, medical complications, home and hospital treatments, lasting effects, anxiety about illness, employment impacts, quarantine behaviors, vaccine-related behaviors and effects, and illness of other family/household members. Additional questions address financial security, perceived discrimination, pandemic impacts (relationship, social, stress, sleep), health history, and coping strategies. Detailed patient reports of illness, environment, and psychosocial impact, proximal to timing of infection and considerate of demographic variation, is meaningful for understanding pandemic-related public health from the perspective of those that contracted the disease.
Drug interactions in hospital prescriptions in Denmark: Prevalence and associations with adverse outcomes
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina Leal , Kaas-Hansen Benjamin Skov , Eriksson Robert , Biel Jorge Hernansanz , Belling Kirstine G. , Andersen Stig Ejdrup , Brunak Søren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImportanceWhile the beneficial effects of medications are numerous, drug-drug interactions may lead to adverse drug reactions that are preventable causes of morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo quantify the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in drug prescriptions at Danish hospitals, estimate the risk of adverse outcomes associated with discouraged drug combinations, and highlight the patient types (defined by the primary diagnosis of the admission) that appear to be more affected.DesignCross-sectional (descriptive part) and cohort study (adverse outcomes part).SettingHospital electronic health records from two Danish regions (approx. 2.5 million people) from January 2008 through June 2016.ParticipantsInpatients receiving two or more medications during their admission.ExposureConcomitant prescriptions of potentially interacting drugs as per the Danish Drug Interaction Database.Main outcome and measureDescriptive part: prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in general and discouraged drug pairs in particular during admissions. Adverse outcomes part: post-discharge all-cause mortality rate, readmission rate and length-of-stay.ResultsAmong 2,886,227 hospital admissions (945,475 patients; median age 62 years [IQR: 41-74]; 54% female; median number of drugs 7 [IQR: 4-11]), patients in 1,836,170 admissions were exposed to at least one potential drug-drug interaction (659,525 patients; median age 65 years [IQR: 49-77]; 54% female; median number of drugs 9 [IQR: 6-13]), and in 27,605 admissions to a discouraged drug pair (18,192 patients; median age 68 years [IQR: 58-77]; female 46%; median number of drugs 16 [IQR: 11-22]). Meropenem-valproic acid (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), domperidone-fluconazole (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.1–3.1), imipramine-terbinafine (HR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.2–12), agomelatine-ciprofloxacin (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.5), clarithromycin-quetiapine (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), and piroxicam-warfarin (HR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1–11.4) were associated with elevated mortality. Confidence interval bounds of pairs associated with readmission were close to 1; length-of-stay results were inconclusive.Conclusions and RelevanceWell-described potential drug-drug interactions are still missed and alerts at point of prescription may reduce the risk of harming patients; prescribing clinicians should be alert when using strong inhibitor/inducer drugs (i.e. clarithromycin, valproic acid, terbinafine) and prevalent anticoagulants (i.e. warfarin and NSAIDs) due to their great potential for dangerous interactions. The most prominent CYP isoenzyme involved in mortality and readmission rates was 3A4.
Single cell sequencing reveals expanded cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and two states of peripheral helper T cells in synovial fluid of ACPA+ RA patients
Authors: Argyriou Alexandra , Wadsworth Marc H. , Lendvai Adrian , Christensen Stephen M. , Hensvold Aase H. , Gerstner Christina , Kravarik Kellie , Winkler Aaron , Malmström Vivianne , Chemin Karine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease affecting the synovial joints where different subsets of CD4+ T cells are suspected to play a pathogenic role. So far, our understanding of the contribution of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells is incomplete, particularly in the context of the recently described peripheral helper T-cell subset (TPH). Here, using single cell sequencing and multi-parameter flow cytometry, we show that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are enriched in synovial fluid of anti-citrullinated peptides antibody (ACPA)-positive RA patients. We identify two distinct TPH states differentially characterized by the expression of CXCL13 and PRDM1, respectively. Our data reveal that the adhesion G-Protein Coupled Receptor 56 (GPR56), a marker of circulating cytotoxic cells, delineates the synovial TPH CD4+ T-cell subset. At the site of inflammation, GPR56+CD4+ T cells expressed the tissue-resident memory markers LAG-3, CXCR6 and CD69. Further, TCR clonality analysis revealed that most expanded clones in SF are contained within the cytotoxic and the CXCL13+ TPH CD4+ T-cell populations. Finally, the detection of common TCRs between the two TPH and cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell clusters suggest a shared differentiation. Our study provides comprehensive immunoprofiling of the heterogenous T-cell subsets at the site of inflammation in ACPA+ RA and suggests GPR56 as a therapeutic target to modulate TPH cells and cytotoxic CD4+ T cell function.
The Immunogenetic Basis of Idiopathic Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: A Paradox of Similarity and Self-Presentation
Authors: Pagliuca Simona , Gurnari Carmelo , Awada Hassan , Kishtagari Ashwin , Kongkiatkamon Sunisa , Terkawi Laila , Zawit Misam , Guan Yihong , LaFramboise Thomas , Jha Babal K. , Patel Bhumika J. , Hamilton Betty K. , Majhail Navneet S. , Lundgren Sofie , Mustjoki Satu , Saunthararajah Yogen , Visconte Valeria , Chan Timothy , Yang Chao-Yie , Lenz Tobias L. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdiopathic aplastic anemia (IAA) is a rare autoimmune bone marrow failure disorder initiated by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T-cell response to unknown antigens. Immunogenetic patterns associated with self-antigenic presentation remain unclear. Herein we analyzed the molecular landscape of HLA complexes and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of a large cohort of IAA patients and controls. We show that antigen binding sites of class II HLA molecules in IAA are characterized by a high level of structural homology, only partially explained by specific risk allele profiles, implying reduced binding capabilities compared to controls. Few amino acids within the synapsis HLA-DRB1-antigen-TCR, are identified as strongly associated with IAA phenotype. Those structural patterns may affect TCR repertoires, promoting immunological cross-reactivity and autoimmunity. These findings inform on the immunogenetic risk associated with IAA and on general pathophysiological mechanisms potentially involved in autoimmunity.Key pointsClass II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in idiopathic bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are characterized by low functional divergence and decreased peptide binding capabilities, only partially explained by enrichment in risk alleles.A superstructure at the interface with the peptide binding site of DRB1 locus, potentially involved in the presentation of self-antigenic specificities, can be identified in BMF patients.This immunogenetic pattern may contribute to decrease T-cell receptor repertoire diversity, expand autoreactive T-cell clones and increase autoimmune propensity in BMF.
Prevention and Attenuation of COVID-19 by BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines
Authors: Thompson Mark G. , Burgess Jefferey L. , Naleway Allison L. , Tyner Harmony , Yoon Sarang K. , Meece Jennifer , Olsho Lauren E.W. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Fowlkes Ashley L. , Lutrick Karen , Groom Holly C. , Dunnigan Kayan , Odean Marilyn J , Hegmann Kurt , Stefanski Elisha , Edwards Laura J. , Schaefer-Solle Natasha , Grant Lauren , Ellingson Katherine , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Zunie Tnelda , Thiese Matthew S. , Ivacic Lynn , Wesley Meredith G. , Lamberte Julie Mayo , Sun Xiaoxiao , Smith Michael E. , Phillips Andrew L. , Groover Kimberly D. , Yoo Young M. , Gerald Joe K. , Brown Rachel T. , Herring Meghan K. , Joseph Gregory , Beitel Shawn , Morrill Tyler C. , Mak Josephine , Rivers Patrick , Poe Brandon P. , Lynch Brian , Zhou Ying Tao , Zhang Jing , Kelleher Anna , Li Yan , Dickerson Monica , Hanson Erika , Guenther Kyley , Tong Suxiang , Bateman Allen , Reisdorf Erik , Barnes John , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Hunt Danielle R. , Arvay Melissa L. , Kutty Preeta , Fry Alicia M. , Gaglani Manjusha 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDInformation is limited on messenger RNA (mRNA) BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or attenuating disease when administered in real-world conditions.METHODSProspective cohorts of 3,975 healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers completed weekly SARS-CoV-2 testing during December 14 2020—April 10 2021. Self-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs were tested by qualitative and quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). VE was calculated as 100%×(1−hazard ratio); adjusted VE was calculated using vaccination propensity weights and adjustments for site, occupation, and local virus circulation.RESULTSSARS-CoV-2 was detected in 204 (5.1%) participants; 16 were partially (≥14 days post-dose-1 to 13 days after dose-2) or fully (≥14 days post-dose-2) vaccinated, and 156 were unvaccinated; 32 with indeterminate status (<14 days after dose-1) were excluded. Adjusted mRNA VE of full vaccination was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]=76%–97%) against symptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection; VE of partial vaccination was 81% (95% CI=64%-90%). Among partially or fully vaccinated participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mean viral RNA load (Log10 copies/mL) was 40% lower (95% CI=16%-57%), the risk of self-reported febrile COVID-19 was 58% lower (Risk Ratio=0.42, 95% CI=0.18-0.98), and 2.3 fewer days (95% CI=0.8-3.7) were spent sick in bed compared to unvaccinated infected participants.CONCLUSIONSAuthorized mRNA vaccines were highly effective among working-age adults in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections when administered in real-world conditions and attenuated viral RNA load, febrile symptoms, and illness duration among those with breakthrough infection despite vaccination.
Projections of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination impact in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan: a comparative modelling study
Authors: Portnoy Allison , Abbas Kaja , Sweet Steven , Kim Jane J. , Jit Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. However, of these four countries, only Ethiopia has introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at the national level in 2018 and India in a few states in 2016. Our study objective was to estimate the potential health impact of HPV vaccination among ten cohorts of 9-year-old girls from 2021–2030 in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan using two independent mathematical models, and assess similarities and differences in vaccine impact projections through comparative modelling analysis.MethodsUsing two widely published models (Harvard and PRIME) to estimate HPV vaccination impact, we simulated a vaccination scenario of 90% annual coverage among 9-year-old girls from 2021–2030 in Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. We estimated the potential health impact in terms of cervical cancer cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted among vaccinated cohorts from the time of vaccination until 2100. We also conducted a comparative modelling analysis to understand the differences in vaccine impact estimates generated by the two models.ResultsPrior to harmonising model assumptions, the range between the PRIME model and the Harvard model for the potential health impact of HPV vaccination in terms of the number of cervical cancer cases averted among girls vaccinated 2021–2030 between the year of vaccination and 2100 was: 262,000 to 270,000 in Ethiopia; 1,640,000 to 1,970,000 in India; 330,000 to 336,000 in Nigeria; and 111,000 to 133,000 in Pakistan. When harmonising model assumptions, alignment on HPV type distribution significantly narrowed the differences in vaccine impact estimates.ConclusionsThe main difference in estimates for cases, deaths, and DALYs averted by vaccination between the models are due to variation in interpretation around data on cervical cancer attribution to HPV-16/18; differences in estimates for DALYs averted are additionally due to differences in age-specific remaining life expectancy over time between the two models. As countries make progress towards the World Health Organization targets for cervical cancer elimination, continued explorations of underlying differences in model inputs, assumptions, and results when examining cervical cancer prevention policy will be critical.
Humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous and homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Barros-Martins Joana , Hammerschmidt Swantje I. , Cossmann Anne , Odak Ivan , Stankov Metodi V. , Ramos Gema Morillas , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Heidemann Annika , Ritter Christiane , Friedrichsen Michaela , Schultze-Florey Christian , Ravens Inga , Willenzon Stefanie , Bubke Anja , Ristenpart Jasmin , Janssen Anika , Ssebyatika George , Bernhardt Günter , Münch Jan , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Krey Thomas , Bošnjak Berislav , Förster Reinhold , Behrens Georg M. N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCerebral venous thrombosis was reported as a rare but serious adverse event in young and middle-aged vaccinees following immunization with AstraZeneca’s ChAdOx1-nCov-19 vaccine. As a consequence, several European governments recommended using this vaccine only in individuals older than 60 years leaving millions of ChAd primed individuals with the decision to either receive a second shot of ChAd or a heterologous boost with mRNA-based vaccines. However, such combinations have not been tested so far. We used Hannover Medical School’s COVID-19 Contact (CoCo) Study cohort of health care professionals (HCP) to monitor ChAd primed immune responses before and three weeks after booster with ChAd or BioNTech/Pfizer’s BNT162b2. Whilst both vaccines boosted prime-induced immunity, BNT induced significantly higher frequencies of Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells and, in particular, high titers of neutralizing antibodies against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and the P.1 variants of concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
A co-opted ISG15-USP18 binding mechanism normally reserved for deISGylation controls type I IFN signalling
Authors: Vasou Andri , Nightingale Katie , Cetkovská Vladimíra , Scheler Jonathan , Bamford Connor G.G. , Andrejeva Jelena , Schwarz-Linek Ulrich , Randall Richard E. , McLauchlan John , Weekes Michael P. , Bogunovic Dusan , Hughes David J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractType I interferon (IFN) signalling induces the expression of several hundred IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that provide an unfavourable environment for viral replication. To prevent an overexuberant response and autoinflammatory disease, IFN signalling requires tight control. One critical regulator is the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, evidenced by autoinflammatory disease in patients with inherited ISG15 deficiencies. Current models suggest that ISG15 stabilises USP18, a well-established negative regulator of IFN signalling. USP18 also functions as an ISG15-specific peptidase that cleaves ISG15 from ISGylated proteins; however, USP18’s catalytic activity is dispensable for controlling IFN signalling. Here, we show that the ISG15-dependent stabilisation of USP18 involves transient hydrophobic interactions. Nonetheless, while USP18 stabilisation is necessary, it is not sufficient for regulation of IFN signalling. USP18 requires non-covalent interactions with the ISG15 C-terminal diGlycine motif to promote its regulatory function. This trait may have been acquired in humans through co-option of a binding mechanism normally reserved for deISGylation, identifying an unexpected new function for human ISG15.
Variant-of-concern-attributable health and health system-related outcomes: a population-level propensity-score matched cohort study
Authors: Erman Aysegul , Mishra Sharmistha , Barrett Kali A , Mac Stephen , Naimark David , Sander Beate 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants intensifies globally, the burden of COVID-19 on the already strained health systems is becoming increasingly concerning. While there is growing literature on the effects of various variants-of-concern (VOC) on increased transmission, the extent to which VOCs may lead to more severe disease remains debated.MethodsIn the current analysis, we use a population-based propensity-score matched cohort study of all incident laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with VOC testing in Ontario, Canada to estimate healthcare resource use and health outcomes attributable to VOCs introduced to Ontario between January 1 and April 9, 2021, relative to the previously circulating wild-type strain.ResultsWe find that VOCs are associated with a higher odds of hospitalisation (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-2.40) and ICU admission (OR, 3.31; 95%CI, 2.84-3.86); as well as with a higher odds of mortality for both the general COVID-19 population (OR 1.75; 1.47-2.09) and hospitalised cases (OR, 1.62; 95%CI, 1.23-2.15).ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that health systems may face increased demand for healthcare resources as VOCs predominate worldwide in view of low global vaccination coverage.
COVID-19 Sniffer Dog experimental training: which protocol and which implications for reliable identification?
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Travaglino Francesco , Spoto Silvia , Pascarella Maria Chiara , Mansi Giorgia , De Cesaris Marina , Sartea Silvia , Giovanetti Marta , Fogolari Marta , Plescia Davide , Macera Massimiliano , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction of trained sniffer dogs for COVID-19 disease detection could be an opportunity, as previously described for other diseases. Dogs could be trained to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the whiff of COVDI-19 disease. Dogs involved in the study were three one male and two females from different breeds, Black German Shepherd, German Shepherd and Dutch Shepherd. The training was performed using sweat samples from COVID-19 positive apteints and from covid-19 free patients admitted at the University Hospital Campus Bio-medico of Rome. Gauze with sweat were collected in glass jar with metal top and put in metal boxes used for dog training. The dog training protocol was performed in two phase: the olfactory conditioning and the olfactory discrimintaion research. The training palnning was focused on the switch moment for the sniffer dog, the moment when the dog was able to identify VOCs specific for COVID-19 disease. At this time the dog was able to identify VOCs specific for COVID-19 disease with significant reliability, in terms of number of correct versus uncorrect (p<0.0001) reporting. In conclusion, this protocol could provide a useful tool for sniffer dogs training and their introduction in mass screening context, cheaper and faster than a conventional testing method.
Eating disorder symptoms and their associations with anthropometric and psychiatric polygenic scores
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamed , Hübel Christopher , Herle Moritz , Loos Ruth J.F. , Breen Gerome , Bulik Cynthia M. , Micali Nadia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEating disorder (ED) symptoms are prevalent in the general population, but their shared genetic underpinnings with psychiatric, metabolic, and anthropometric traits are not known. Here, we examined if polygenic scores (PGS) of traits associated with anorexia nervosa are also associated with adolescent ED symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).MethodsWe calculated PGS for 25 traits (16 psychiatric, 4 metabolic, and 5 anthropometric) and investigated their associations with eight ED symptoms, including behaviors such as fasting for weight loss and cognitions such as body dissatisfaction (n range=2,991-6,013).ResultsHigher attention deficit hyperactivity disorder PGS and lower educational attainment PGS were associated with fasting for weight loss. Higher insomnia PGS was associated with increased body dissatisfaction. We found no evidence of an association between metabolic trait PGS and any ED symptom. Regarding anthropometrics, fat-free mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage PGSs, were positively associated with binge eating, excessive exercise, fasting for weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and weight and shape concern.ConclusionsED symptoms are genetically associated with psychiatric and anthropometric, but not with metabolic traits. Our findings provide insights for future genetic research investigating why some individuals with ED symptoms progress to develop threshold EDs while others do not.