bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural coding of formant‐exaggerated speech and nonspeech in children with and without autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Hao , Ding Hongwei , Wang Suiping , Peng Gang , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe presence of vowel exaggeration in infant‐directed speech (IDS) may adapt to the age‐appropriate demands in speech and language acquisition. Previous studies have provided behavioral evidence of atypical auditory processing towards IDS in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), while the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This event‐related potential (ERP) study investigated the neural coding of formant‐exaggerated speech and nonspeech in 24 4‐ to 11‐year‐old children with ASD and 24 typically‐developing (TD) peers. The EEG data were recorded using an alternating block design, in which each stimulus type (exaggerated/non‐exaggerated sound) was presented with equal probability. ERP waveform analysis revealed an enhanced P1 for vowel formant exaggeration in the TD group but not in the ASD group. This speech‐specific atypical processing in ASD was not found for the nonspeech stimuli which showed similar P1 enhancement in both ASD and TD groups. Moreover, the time‐frequency analysis indicated that children with ASD showed differences in neural synchronization in the delta‐theta bands for processing acoustic formant changes embedded in nonspeech. Collectively, the results add substantiating neurophysiological evidence (i.e., a lack of neural enhancement effect of vowel exaggeration) for atypical auditory processing of IDS in children with ASD, which may exert a negative effect on phonetic encoding and language learning.Lay summaryAtypical responses to motherese might act as a potential early marker of risk for children with ASD. This study investigated the neural responses to such socially relevant stimuli in the ASD brain, and the results suggested a lack of neural enhancement responding to the motherese even in individuals without intellectual disability.
Using Check‐If‐Apply Lists to Improve Communication About Aesthetic Water Issues
Authors: Dietrich Andrea M. , Burlingame Gary A. 
Published: April 2021

Key TakeawaysIf not addressed quickly and competently by utility staff, aesthetic issues with water can erode customer trust and confidence.Check‐if‐apply lists are an effective way for utilities to communicate with customers and collect useful information about both water appearance and taste and odor.Making check‐if‐apply lists easily accessible to utility staff and customers is one way to keep aesthetic water issues in check; another is for utilities to track issues and make sure checklists are kept up to date.
Considering Risks When Managing Legionella Growth in Plumbing
Authors: Cotruvo Joseph A. , Fawell John 
Published: April 2021

Key TakeawaysBy understanding conditions in their customers’ plumbing systems, water utilities can select primary and supplemental treatment approaches to reduce public health concerns related to regrowth of Legionella.Because biofilm allows Legionella and other microorganisms to shelter from disinfectant residuals, controlling it is key to preventing bacterial regrowth in premise plumbing systems.Supplemental disinfection approaches include chemical disinfection, shock heat treatment, shock chlorination, and abrasive scouring.
Statische Analyse mit 3D‐Gebäudemodellen unter Berücksichtigung zeitabhängiger Verformungen in den vertikalen Bauteilen
Authors: Laggner Thomas Markus , Schlicke Dirk , Tue Nguyen Viet , Denk Wolf‐Dietrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie statische Analyse des Lastflusses mittels 3D‐Gebäudemodellen ist in der Praxis weit verbreitet – aber nicht unumstritten. Üblicherweise werden linear elastische Berechnungsmodelle aufgebaut, die aber mitunter deutlich andere Ergebnisse als eine konventionelle Berechnung mit extrahierten 2D‐Teilmodellen liefern. Diese Unterschiede wurden in einem vorangegangenen Beitrag der Autoren behandelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag schließt daran an und beschäftigt sich nun eingehend damit, wie sich zeitabhängige Betonverformungen in den vertikalen Bauteilen auf die Berechnungsergebnisse von 3D‐Gebäudemodellen auswirken. Zeitabhängige Betonverformungen treten natürlich auch in den horizontalen Bauteilen auf und beeinflussen den vertikalen Lastfluss zusätzlich. Diese Effekte wurden aber zunächst bewusst ausgeklammert und sollen in zukünftigen Beiträgen der Autoren behandelt werden. Die Untersuchungen erfolgen an einem 15‐stöckigen repräsentativen Stahlbetonhochhaus, das bereits Grundlage für die linear elastischen Untersuchungen in dem vorangegangenen Beitrag war. Im Detail werden die vertikalen Bauteile im verwendeten Rechenmodell nun mit zeitdiskreten Materialmodellen angereichert und durch die vorhandene Bewehrung ergänzt, um die Auswirkungen durch „innere“ Behinderung abzubilden. Insgesamt bewirkt das zeitabhängige Verformungsverhalten von Beton in den vertikalen Bauteilen deutliche Unterschiede in der Schnittgrößenverteilung im Vergleich zu einer linear elastischen Analyse. Zur Vereinfachung der hohen Komplexität von zeitdiskreten Analysen wurde auf Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse eine ingenieurmäßige Vorgehensweise für die praktische Anwendung entwickelt und auf Tauglichkeit überprüft.
Maternal immune activation alters adult behavior, intestinal integrity, gut microbiota and the gut inflammation
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Chen Mengxue , Feng Xia , Song Meng , Shao Minglong , Yang Yongfeng , Zhang Luwen , Liu Qing , Lv Luxian , Su Xi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is characterized by several core behavioral features, in which the gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently reported. Maternal immune activation (MIA) has been developed in a rodent model to study neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the changes in the gut environment of MIA rats remain largely unknown.Methods10 mg/kg of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 9 was intravenously administered to rats to induce MIA in order to assess changes in behavior, the intestinal barrier and microbiota in offspring.ResultsMaternal immune activation offspring shown increased anxiety as indicated by reduced exploration of central area in open field test and decreased exploration of open arms in elevated plus test. Cognitive impairment of MIA offspring was confirmed by reduced exploration of novel arm in Y maze test and deficiency of PPI. Intestinal muscle thickness became thinner and some specific microbial anomalies previously identified clinically were observed in MIA offspring. In addition, an increase of inflammatory responses was found in the gut of MIA offspring.ConclusionsMaternal immune activation alters behavior, intestinal integrity, gut microbiota and the gut inflammation in adult offspring.
A Bi‐Enzymatic Cascade Pathway towards Optically Pure FAHFAs**
Authors: Zhang Yan , Eser Bekir Engin , Guo Zheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently discovered endogenous mammalian lipids, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), have been proved to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic effects. Due to their extremely low abundancies in vivo, forging a feasible scenario for FAHFA synthesis is critical for their use in uncovering biological mechanisms or in clinical trials. Here, we showcase a fully enzymatic approach, a novel in vitro bi‐enzymatic cascade system, enabling an effective conversion of nature‐abundant fatty acids into FAHFAs. Two hydratases from Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for converting unsaturated fatty acids to various enantiomeric hydroxy fatty acids, followed by esterification with another fatty acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA). Various FAHFAs were synthesized in a semi‐preparative scale using this bi‐enzymatic approach in a one‐pot two‐step operation mode. In all, we demonstrate that the hydratase‐CALA system offers a promising route for the synthesis of optically pure structure‐diverse FAHFAs.
Timing of Impella implantation and outcomes in cardiogenic shock or high‐risk percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Masiero Giulia , Burzotta Francesco , Pazzanese Vittorio , Briguori Carlo , Trani Carlo , Piva Tommaso , De Marco Federico , Di Biasi Maurizio , Pagnotta Paolo , Mojoli Marco , Casu Gavino , Giustino Gennaro , Lorenzoni Giulia , Montorfano Matteo , Ancona Marco B. , Pappalardo Federico , Chieffo Alaide ,   IMPella Mechanical Circulatory Support Device in Italy (IMP‐IT) Registry authors
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of the microaxial percutaneous mechanical circulatory support device (Impella® pump) implantation pre‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus during/after PCI in cardiogenic shock (CS) and high‐risk PCI populations.BackgroundA better understanding of the safety and effectiveness of the Impella and the role of timing of this support initiation in specific clinical settings is of utmost clinical relevance.MethodsA total of 365 patients treated with Impella 2.5/CP in the 17 centers of the IMP‐IT Registry were included. Through propensity‐score weighting (PSW) analysis, 1‐year clinical outcomes were assessed separately in CS and HR‐PCI patients, stratified by timing of Impella support.ResultsPre‐procedural insertion was associated with an improvement in 1‐year survival in patients with CS due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with PCI (p = .04 before PSW, p = .009 after PSW) and HR‐PCI (p < .01 both before and after PSW). Among patients undergoing HR‐PCI, early Impella support was also associated with a lower rate of the composite of mortality, re‐hospitalization for heart failure, and need for left‐ventricular assist device/heart transplantation at 1‐year (p = .04 before PSW, p = .01 after PSW). Furthermore, Impella use during/after PCI was associated with an increased in‐hospital life‐threatening and severe bleeding among patients with AMI‐CS receiving PCI (7 vs. 16%, p = .1) and HR‐PCI (1 vs. 9%, p = .02).ConclusionsOur findings suggested a survival benefit and reduced rates of major bleeding when a pre‐PCI Impella implantation instead of during‐after procedure was used in the setting of HR‐PCI and AMI‐CS.
Native Mass Spectrometry for the Study of PROTAC GNE‐987‐Containing Ternary Complexes
Authors: Sternicki Louise M. , Nonomiya Jim , Liu Miaomiao , Mulvihill Melinda M. , Quinn Ronald J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) promote the degradation, rather than inhibition, of a drug target as a mechanism for therapeutic treatment. Bifunctional PROTAC molecules allow simultaneous binding of both the target protein and an E3‐Ubiquitin ligase, bringing the two proteins into close spatial proximity to allow ubiquitinylation and degradation of the target protein via the cell's endogenous protein degradation pathway. We utilized native mass spectrometry (MS) to study the ternary complexes promoted by the previously reported PROTAC GNE‐987 between Brd4 bromodomains 1 and 2, and Von Hippel Lindeau E3‐Ubiquitin Ligase. Native MS at high resolution allowed us to measure ternary complex formation as a function of PROTAC concentration to provide a measure of complex affinity and stability, whilst simultaneously measuring other intermediate protein species. Native MS provides a high‐throughput, low sample consumption, direct screening method to measure ternary complexes for PROTAC development.
Prognostic factors for progression in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete molecular response within 3 months of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Short Nicholas J. , Samra Bachar , Khoury Joseph D. , Kanagal Shamanna Rashmi , Konopleva Marina , Jain Nitin , DiNardo Courtney D. , Khouri Rita , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Wierda William G. , Khouri Issa F. , Kebriaei Partow , Mehta Rohtesh S. , Champlin Richard E. , Garris Rebecca , Cheung Cora Marie , Daver Naval , Thompson Philip A. , Yilmaz Musa , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDThe achievement of a 3‐month complete molecular response (CMR) is a major prognostic factor for survival in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, 25% of patients relapse during therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).METHODSThe authors reviewed 204 patients with Ph‐positive ALL who were treated between January 2001 and December 2018 using the combination of hyper‐CVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) plus a TKI (imatinib, 44 patients [22%]; dasatinib, 88 patients [43%]; or ponatinib, 72 patients [35%]). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from the start date of therapy to the date of relapse, death, or last follow‐up. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from the start date of therapy to the date of death or last follow‐up.RESULTSOverall, a 3‐month CMR was observed in 57% of patients, including 32% of those who received imatinib, 52% of those who received dasatinib, and 74% of those who received ponatinib. The median follow‐up was 74 months (imatinib, 180 months; dasatinib, 106 months; ponatinib, 43 months). Among 84 patients in 3‐month CMR, 17 (20%) proceeded to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The 5‐year PFS and OS rates were 68% and 72%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, ponatinib therapy was the only significant favorable independent factor predicting for progression (P = .028; hazard ratio, 0.388; 95% CI, 0.166‐0.904) and death (P = .042; hazard ratio, 0.379; 95% CI, 0.149‐0.966). ASCT was not a prognostic factor for PFS and OS by univariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with Ph‐positive ALL, ponatinib is superior to other types of TKIs in inducing and maintaining a CMR, thus preventing disease progression. ASCT does not improve outcome once a 3‐month CMR is achieved.
Prognostic and clinicopathological value of circPVT1 in human cancers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Zhengjun , Tang Xianzhe , Wang Lu , Ling Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNA PVT1 (circPVT1) is significantly upregulated in various human cancers and is related to poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, the prognostic and clinicopathological value of circPVT1 in diverse human cancers remains controversial and inconclusive.AimThe objective of our study is to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological role of circPVT1 for cancer patients.Methods and resultsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies by October 1, 2020. The correlation between circPVT1 expression, and overall survival (OS) and clinical parameters was assessed by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, heterogeneity, and publication bias were conducted to further enhance reliability. Twelve studies (1282 patients) were selected for this meta‐analysis, including 11 on prognosis and 10 on clinicopathological parameters. Elevated expression of circPVT1 was associated with a worse OS in cancer patients (HR, 2.009; 95% CI, 1.667‐2.408, 1.892; P < .001). For clinicopathological value, upregulation of circPVT1 was closely related to poor clinical parameters lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.019; 95% CI, 1.026‐3.976; P = .042; I2 = 77.5%; PH = 0.000), late clinical stage (OR = 3.594; 95% CI, 1.828‐7.065; P < .001; I2 = 71.7%; PH = 0.001), distant metastasis (OR = 4.598; 95% CI, 1.411‐14.988; P = .011; I2 = 78.1%; PH = 0.001), and chemoresistant (OR = 6.400; 95% CI, 2.107‐19.441; P = .001; I2 = 49.6%; PH = 0.159).ConclusionHigh expression of circPVT1 is correlated with unfavorable prognosis of cancer patients, indicating that circPVT1 can function as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancer.
Exciplex Formation in Lipid‐bound Escherichia coli Flavohemoglobin
Authors: Marcelli Agnese , Patrizi Barbara , Bonamore Alessandra , Boffi Alberto , Becucci Maurizio , Foggi Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlavohemoglobins have the particular capability of binding unsaturated and cyclopropanated fatty acids as free acids or phospholipids. Fatty acid binding to the ferric heme results in a weak but direct bonding interaction. Ferrous and ferric protein, in presence or absence of a bound lipid molecule, have been characterized by transient absorption spectroscopy. Measurements have been also carried out both on the ferrous deoxygenated and on the CO bound protein to investigate possible long‐range interaction between the lipid acyl chain moiety and the ferrous heme. After excitation of the deoxygenated derivatives the relaxation process reveals a slow dynamics (350 ps) in lipid‐bound protein but is not observed in the lipid‐free protein. The latter feature and the presence of an extra contribution in the absorption spectrum, indicates that the interaction of iron heme with the acyl chain moiety occurs only in the excited electronic state and not in the ground electronic state. Data analysis highlights the formation of a charge‐transfer complex in which the iron ion of the lipid‐bound protein in the expanded electronic excited state, possibly represented by a high spin Fe III intermediate, is able to bind to the sixth coordination ligand placed at a distance of at 3.5 Å from the iron. A very small nanosecond geminate rebinding is observed for CO adduct in lipid‐free but not in the lipid‐bound protein. The presence of the lipid thus appears to inhibit the mobility of CO in the heme pocket.
Electrografting of Carbon Surfaces with Aliphatic Chains and its Effect on the Rectification of Ferrocene as Redox Probe in Solution
Authors: Ramírez‐Chan Daniel E. , Frontana Carlos , González Felipe J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mediated oxidation of acetate and octanoate ions in acetonitrile was used to covalently modify carbon surfaces with films bearing saturated aliphatic chains of different length. Film thickness increases proportionally with the length of the aliphatic chain within the carboxylate precursor. The thickest film was obtained from octanoate oxidation and rectification occurs when ferrocene is used as redox probe in acetonitrile solution. This effect increases with the bulky and hydrophobic nature of the supporting electrolyte cations; n‐Hx4N+>n‐Bu4N+>Me4N+. The combination of the bulky and hydrophobic properties of the supporting electrolyte ions as well as the hydrophobic properties of the electrografted films is the basis of rectification of ferrocene in cyclic voltammetry experiments. This phenomenon was simulated through a CEC mechanism in solution, where the mass transport inside the film channels was emulated through single chemical equilibria.
Tailored Solution‐Based N‐heterotriangulene Thin Films: Unravelling the Self‐Assembly
Authors: Hawly Tim , Streller Fabian , Johnson Manuel , Miguez‐Lago Sandra , Hammer Natalie , Hampel Frank , Vivod Dustin , Zahn Dirk , Kivala Milan , Branscheid Robert , Spiecker Erdmann , Fink Rainer H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability of a series of bridged triarylamines, so‐called N‐heterotriangulenes, to form multilayer‐type 2D‐extended films via a solution‐based processing method was examined using complementary microscopic techniques. We found that the long‐range order, crystallinity, and layer thickness decisively depend on the nature of the substituents attached to the polycyclic backbone. Owing to their flat core unit, compounds exhibiting a carbonyl unit at the bridge position provide a superior building block as compared to thioketone‐bridged derivatives. In addition, nature and length of the peripheral substituents affect the orientation of the aromatic core unit within highly crystalline films. Hence, our results stress the significance of a suitable molecular framework and provide deeper understanding of structure formation in 2D‐confined surroundings for such compounds.
Nano Sn2S3 Embedded in Nitrogenous‐Carbon Compounds for Long‐Life and High‐Rate Cycling Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Tianbiao , Chen Gang , Peng Qimeng , Feng Dong , Wang Qian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetallic tin (Sn) compounds are viewed as promising candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIB) anode materials yet suffer from large volume expansion and limited electrode kinetics. Manufacturing rational structure is a crucial factor to achieve high‐efficiency sodium storage for SIBs. In this study, nano Sn2S3 embedded in nitrogenous‐carbon compounds (nano‐Sn2S3/C) was designed for SIB anode materials via a facile three‐step strategy: precipitation, heat treatment and vulcanization with no templating agent. Density functional theory calculations suggested that Sn2S3 displayed a low Na+ diffusion energy barrier and the Sn−S bonds could be rebuilt during the sodiation/de‐sodiation process. Notably, electrochemical measurements coupled with ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction and ex‐situ transmission electron microscopy were proposed to reveal the underlying Na+ storage mechanisms. Sn2S3 acted as a high‐capacity composition, while the porous nitrogenous‐carbon matrix served as a rigid‐conductive frame to accommodate the volume expansion and prevented the aggregation of nano Sn2S3. The rationally generated architectures benefited greatly in rate capacity and structural stability. As expected, the as‐prepared nano Sn2S3/C exhibited remarkable rate capabilities with a specific capacity of 603 and 160 mAh g−1 under typical conditions at 0.2 and 4 A g−1, respectively. This work may trigger new enthusiasm for engineering high‐performance SIB anode materials.
Hot stuff in the bushes: Thermal imagers and the detection of burrows in vegetated sites
Authors: Cox Tarnya E. , Matthews Robert , Halverson Grant , Morris Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Thermal imaging technology is a developing field in wildlife management. Most thermal imaging work in wildlife science has been limited to larger ungulates and surface‐dwelling mammals. Little work has been undertaken on the use of thermal imagers to detect fossorial animals and/or their burrows. Survey methods such as white‐light spotlighting can fail to detect the presence of burrows (and therefore the animals within), particularly in areas where vegetation obscures burrows. Thermal imagers offer an opportunity to detect the radiant heat from these burrows, and therefore the presence of the animal, particularly in vegetated areas. Thermal imaging technology has become increasingly available through the provision of smaller, more cost‐effective units. Their integration with drone technology provides opportunities for researchers and land managers to utilize this technology in their research/management practices.

We investigated the ability of both consumer (<AUD$20,000) and professional imagers (>AUD$65,000) mounted on drones to detect rabbit burrows (warrens) and entrances in the landscape as compared to visual assessment.

Thermal imagery and visual inspection detected active rabbit warrens when vegetation was scarce. The presence of vegetation was a significant factor in detecting entrances (p < .001, α = 0.05). The consumer imager did not detect as many warren entrances as either the professional imager or visual inspection (p = .009, α = 0.05). Active warren entrances obscured by vegetation could not be accurately identified on exported imagery from the consumer imager and several false‐positive detections occurred when reviewing this footage.

We suggest that the exportable frame rate (Hz) was the key factor in image quality and subsequent false‐positive detections. This feature should be considered when selecting imagers and suggest that a minimum export rate of 30 Hz is required. Thermal imagers are a useful additional tool to aid in identification of entrances for active warrens and professional imagers detected more warrens and entrances than either consumer imagers or visual inspection.