bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal niche dynamics of spreading native invertebrates underlie doubling of richness in pristine temperate streams
Authors: Horsák Michal , Janáč Michal , Zhai Marie , Bojková Jindřiška 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

While biodiversity loss is undeniably a global phenomenon, an increase in taxonomic richness has recently been reported from some ecosystems and spatial scales. A striking increase in abundance and/or species richness has been documented from temperate rivers over the last 25 years, with many of the expanding species (i.e. winners) being native species. However, the lack of repeatedly collected local environmental data prevents the exploration of their niche dynamics and also makes it difficult to distinguish between possible causes.

We fill this gap by using species occurrence data from 65 pristine Czech rivers sampled in 1997–2000 and 2015. The same methods were used for sampling macroinvertebrates and measuring environmental parameters in both periods. We selected 43 winners, defined as taxonomically validated and originally non‐rare native macroinvertebrate species whose occupancy increased by at least six sites between the time periods. We searched for consistent patterns of niche dynamics (i.e. stability, expansion and restriction) among species that might contribute most to the overall increase in species richness. Using several biological traits, we also compared the winners with the other 253 taxa collected to look for differences.

Analysis of the occurrence data showed that niche stability was by far the predominant pattern of the niche dynamics. This clearly indicates that the winners fill their original niches, with a limited contribution of niche shift or expansion, depending on the species. As no significant differences in either temperature preferences or the other biological traits were found between the winners and the other taxa, there is no unique set of functional traits that explain the success of the winners.

The observed mechanism of filling the original niche space by the spreading native species not only explains the increase in local species richness, but also contributes to support the hypothesis of a climate‐driven increase in ecosystem energy flow from a new perspective. The increased metabolism of the system may relax interspecific competition allowing it to carry more individuals and species, even without the need for an increase in nutrients and ecosystem recovery.
What makes students strong? A student's voice study on resilience
Authors: Ganotz‐Steinborn Tanja , Schwab Susanne 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn times of crisis, resilience—the ability to cope with challenges—has become crucial, especially for primary school students facing issues such as the climate crisis, the war in Ukraine, educational disadvantages, or family‐related struggles. This is particularly true for students with special educational needs (SEN) or those from migrant backgrounds. The present study explores the factors that foster resilience in these students. Using a sequential explanatory design, the study involved two phases. In the first phase, resilience was measured through a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire (N = 882 primary school students from Germany). In the second phase, 13 highly resilient students were interviewed using a semi‐structured guide. Quantitative results showed that overall, students demonstrated a high tendency towards resilience. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that personal factors (e.g., family language, SEN), relationships with peers and teachers, and school resources were significant predictors of resilience. Qualitative findings indicated that personal resources—such as self‐efficacy and emotional regulation—were more influential for resilience than external factors like family or community resources.
Hypotension after anesthesia induction in patients taking tricyclic antidepressants—A case series
Authors: Lodsgaard Mads , Melchiors Birgitte Bech , Krøigaard Mogens , Garvey Lene Heise 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHypotension is commonly observed after induction of anesthesia. Risk factors for intraoperative hypotension include higher ASA class, older age, propofol use, combined general/regional anesthesia, emergency surgery, and use of antihypertensives. Patients who are treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may develop severe hypotension in connection with surgery and anesthesia, not responding to vasopressors such as phenylephrine and ephedrine, and use of adrenaline or noradrenaline are necessary to restore the blood pressure. Anaphylaxis may be suspected due to the rapid onset and resistance to usual treatments leading to referral for allergy investigation. The aim of this paper was to identify and describe the clinical characteristics of patients referred to the Danish Anesthesia Allergy Center (DAAC) with perioperative hypotension, without elevation in tryptase, and with negative allergy investigations, who were on regular treatment with TCAs. The pharmacological mechanism behind this phenomenon will also be explored.MethodsPatients were identified from the DAAC database. Patients with hypotension (systolic blood pressure <75 mmHg) as the only symptom and negative allergy investigations and patients on antidepressants were included. The study period was 2011–2019.ResultsTen patients were identified. Hypotension occurred after anesthesia induction, the median time from induction to the onset of hypotension was 7.5 min. Eight needed adrenaline or noradrenaline to restore blood pressure. No allergen was identified on detailed investigation and serum tryptase was not significantly elevated.ConclusionMonosymptomatic perioperative hypotension without a significant increase in serum tryptase can be caused by TCAs and this is an important differential diagnosis to anaphylaxis. In patients on regular treatment with TCA perioperative hypotension responds well to noradrenaline or adrenaline but less well to vasopressors such as phenylephrine and ephedrine used perioperatively.
Canonical or non‐canonical, all aspects of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 in heart failure
Authors: Kaplan Abdullah , El‐Samadi Lana , Zahreddine Rana , Amin Ghadir , Booz George W. , Zouein Fouad A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) with its multidomain structure performs various crucial cellular functions under both normal and pathological conditions. Overexpression of GRK2 is linked to cardiovascular diseases, and its inhibition or deletion has been shown to be protective. The functions of GRK2 extend beyond G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, influencing non‐GPCR substrates as well. Increased GRK2 in heart failure (HF) initially may be protective but ultimately leads to maladaptive effects such as GPCR desensitization, insulin resistance, and apoptosis. The multifunctional nature of GRK2, including its action in hypertrophic gene expression, insulin signaling, and cardiac fibrosis, highlights its complex role in HF pathogenesis. Additionally, GRK2 is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. GRK2 also regulates epinephrine secretion from the adrenal gland and its increase in circulating lymphocytes can be used to monitor HF status. Overall, GRK2 is a multifaceted protein with significant implications for HF and the regulation of GRK2 is crucial for understanding and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ameliorative Role of β‐Caryophyllene on Antioxidant Biomarkers in a Paroxetine‐Induced Model of Male Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Olopade Elijah Oluwatosin , Adefegha Stephen Adeniyi , Alao Jude Oluwapelumi , Adepoju Ayodeji Emmanuel , Fakayode Aderonke Elizabeth , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMale sexual dysfunction, characterised by reduced libido, ejaculatory issues and erectile dysfunction, often results from oxidative stress and enzymatic imbalance, notably involving phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This study explores the therapeutic potential of β‐caryophyllene (β‐CBP), a sesquiterpene with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, in mitigating paroxetine‐induced sexual dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into nine treatment groups: control, paroxetine (20 mg/kg/day), sildenafil (20 mg/kg/day), β‐CBP (10 mg/kg/day), β‐CBP (20 mg/kg/day), paroxetine with β‐CBP (10 mg/kg), paroxetine with β‐CBP (20 mg/kg), paroxetine with sildenafil and β‐CBP with sildenafil. Sexual behavioural assays were evaluated, along with oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in penile tissue, assessed using spectrophotometric analysis. CB2 receptor expression was significantly increased in β‐CBP‐treated groups, suggesting enhanced cannabinoid receptor‐mediated signalling, which may be linked to improved erectile function. The effects were dose‐dependent, with the 20 mg/kg β‐CBP group displaying the most significant improvements. Additionally, β‐CBP restored antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD, CAT and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in penile tissue, effectively reducing oxidative stress. β‐CBP shows promise as a therapeutic agent for male sexual dysfunction by enhancing antioxidative capacity and modulating enzymatic balance.
Case of fingolimod‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maesaka Hiroki , Konishi Hirohumi , Nakane Shunya , Nakatsuji Yuji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundFingolimod is associated with an increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).Case PresentationWe report a 63‐year‐old woman with severe clinical decline (Expanded Disability Status Scale increasing from 3.5 to 7.0). She started fingolimod 0.5 mg/day at the age of 51 years in the FTY720 trial in Japan, and has been taking it orally ever since. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signals from the subcortical region to the deep white matter, mainly in the right frontal lobe. No gadolinium‐enhancing lesions were observed, and diffusion‐weighted imaging showed marginal hyperintense and central hypointense signals; the characteristic findings in PML. We found her cerebrospinal fluid was positive for John Cunningham polyomavirus DNA, and the diagnosis of PML was made. We administered several steroid pulses in case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The progression of symptoms and the enlargement of magnetic resonance imaging lesions stopped after 3 months.ConclusionsThis case shows that PML should always be kept in mind as a side‐effect of disease‐modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis.
Function, Quality of Life, and Food Intake in Patients Without Second Molar Implants: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sakata Ayaka , Kondo Yusuke , Obikane Yui Hirata , Nodai Tomotaka , Munemasa Takashi , Mukaibo Taro , Hosokawa Ryuji , Masaki Chihiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe necessity of a second molar region implant for Kennedy Class II classification of unilateral partially edentulous arches remains controversial. This study aims to compare the effects of implant treatment in the first and second molar regions, providing a basis for planning implant treatments for Kennedy Class II dentition.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 16 patients with implant therapy up to the first molar and 16 patients treated up to the second molar. Bite force, masticatory function, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), and food and nutrient intakes were evaluated as outcomes.ResultsWhile the two groups showed improvements in occlusal force and masticatory function with implant treatment, the increase was significantly greater with implant treatment extending to the second molar. The improvement in OHRQoL was comparable between both groups. Furthermore, the increases in vegetable, dietary fiber, and vitamin K intakes were significantly greater in the implant treatment group extending to the second molar.ConclusionFrom the perspective of OHRQoL, implant treatment up to the first molar may be sufficient.
Osteopontin in Alzheimer's Disease: A Double‐Edged Sword in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection—A Systematic Review
Authors: Azizan Zahra , Bazrgar Maryam , Bazgir Narges , Moini Sadra Habibi , Ghaseminejad‐Kermani Sara , Safa Kamran , Eshaghian‐dorcheh Azam , Harirchian Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOsteopontin (OPN) has emerged as a pivotal molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with studies indicating its potential to act as both a neuroprotective agent and a contributor to neurodegeneration. This systematic review aims to elucidate the roles of OPN in AD pathogenesis through inflammatory pathways.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of current literature on OPN's involvement in AD, focusing on its signaling pathways, cellular interactions, and regulatory mechanisms. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases by the keyword of Alzheimer's Disease and Osteopontin. Our date search was in 1990 until July 1, 2024 with no language limitation.ResultsIn a review of 758 studies, a total of 15 reports met the eligibility criteria and were included. Among the findings, four studies provided evidence supporting the protective mechanism of OPN within the context of AD. Eleven studies explain the inflammatory role of OPN. OPN has been shown to play a role in synaptic pruning, microglial activation, and the inflammatory processes associated with AD. Additionally, OPN is implicated in facilitating cellular communication and serves as a chemotactic molecule. It is suggested that the protective effects of OPN are predominantly mediated by the c fragment of the protein and are most prominent in the early stages of AD progression.ConclusionOPN in AD has dual effects—protecting neurons and contributing to their degeneration. Future research should enhance its protective mechanisms, target specific signaling pathways, and develop therapies to slow AD progression.
Effects of copper‐doping on electrochromic properties of titanium dioxide films
Authors: Chen Shengya , Xu Chu , Xia Liufen , Wu Yue , Jiang Guodong , Xiao Dong , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Xiong Jian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDoping with metal elements is a valid way to alter the electrochromic performance of single materials. The doped metal ions can modify the electronic structure of the pristine materials, this results in a change in the transfer and migration of electrons or ions in electrochromic reactions. In this work, a series of copper (Cu)‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films (0.5%, 1% and 5 wt%) were fabricated by a hydrothermal method and a subsequently spin‐coated approach. The effects of doped Cu on the morphological structure, crystallinity, elemental chemical state and electrochromic properties of TiO2 films were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The doping of Cu into TiO2 exerts a substantial influence on its crystal structure, with a marked deterioration in crystallinity observed as the doping concentration increases. The results show that the ionic diffusion coefficient of the 0.5% Cu‐TiO2 film is 7.74 × 10−10 cm2/s, the light modulation range is as high as 50.3%, the bleaching and colouring switching times are 1.95 and 16.43 s, respectively, and the light transmittance retention rate can be maintained after 200 cycles. Overall exhibits preferred electrochromic and electrochemical properties. This study indicates that Cu doping with moderate concentration is a feasible way to heighten the electrochromic property of TiO2.
Idiosyncrasy in Multimodal Gestural Communication: A Case Study of Hand‐Clapping in a Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus)
Authors: Bosshard Tiffany Claire , Hirel Marie , Meunier Hélène , Fischer Julia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile it is well established that apes invent or individually learn new gestures, cases of development and use of novel gestures in monkeys are more rarely described. We report a case of a novel, idiosyncratic gesture in a Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) at ‘La Forêt des Singes’, Rocamadour, France. One adult male, Jomanix, was observed hand‐clapping. To our knowledge, hand‐clapping has never been described before in this species. To hand‐clap, the male briefly shifted his weight onto his legs, lifted his upper body, and clapped both hands together. We recorded 30 instances of hand‐clapping. Twenty‐five of these hand‐claps occurred in combination with other agonistic signals, such as lunges and open mouth threats. Recipients either responded with counter‐aggression (N = 9) or a submissive response (N = 16). In five of the 30 events, the context was unclear. These observations suggest that the gesture constitutes an agonistic signal. According to the staff at ‘La Forêt des Singes’, the hand‐clapping may have been copied from staff members who occasionally hand‐clap to shoo the animals away from areas where they were not supposed to be but that notion remains speculative. In the meantime, another subject from the same group reportedly started to hand‐clap but the subject had passed away before we could document the behaviour. The observations show that Jomanix can flexibly combine a novel gesture with other established communicative signals. The hand‐clap is goal‐directed and fulfils the criteria for first‐order intentional communication. This case, as well as anecdotal reports from a Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) hand‐clapping to get attention, reveals greater flexibility in the gestural communication of this genus than previously assumed but also underscores that social learning of the production of communicative gestures occurs rarely in this taxon.
Strengthening Trainers' Transfer Knowledge: An Intervention Study
Authors: Koch Alisha , Wisshak Susanne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough continuous vocational education and training (CVET) trainers are relevant stakeholders who can initiate and support transfer, they have received little attention in the context of transfer research, especially with respect to their transfer knowledge. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the transfer knowledge of CVET trainers can be increased through an intervention. Based on our conceptualization of transfer knowledge, which is a three‐dimensional construct that includes knowledge about learner characteristics, training design and the work environment, we implemented a 5‐week digital training programme (intervention) for CVET trainers. We employed a nonrandomized pretest‒posttest design to investigate N = 81 trainers and examined the effects of the training programme on trainers' transfer knowledge. While 47 trainers participated in the training programme (experimental group), 34 trainers were included in the control group and received no intervention. As hypothesized, we found a significant interaction effect on the development of trainers' transfer knowledge ( = 0.386). Furthermore, we found significant interaction effects pertaining to all three dimensions of transfer knowledge: learner characteristics ( = 0.196), training design ( = 0.246) and the work environment ( = 0.279). Thus, the experimental group exhibited a significant increase in transfer knowledge. No such development was observed among the control group during the intervention period. Hence, the findings of this research provide initial indications that transfer knowledge is learnable and can be increased through an intervention. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether trainers also transfer training content to their own training courses.
Meta‐Analysis of Real‐World Clinical Practice to Assess the Effectiveness of Riociguat in Treating Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pamukçu Esra , Kaya Mehmet Onur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRiociguat is a drug that improves hemodynamic parameters and increases the exercise capacity of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This meta‐analysis evaluated cohort studies that measured changes in parameters such as the 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP). The study utilized cohort studies with a paired samples group design to measure the changes in these parameters. We searched for articles containing the keywords “Riociguat” and “Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension” in their titles in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases until May 2024. We conducted five meta‐analyses to combine the mean difference values. We identified nine studies that examine the effects of Riociguat on patients. Analyzing data from 565 patients revealed that Riociguat increases the distance walked during the 6MWD test by an average of 35.86 m. After analyzing data from 717 patients, it was found that Riociguat reduces mPAP by an average of 9.23 mm Hg. Analyzing data from 586 patients, it was found that Riociguat reduces PVR by an average of 220.11 . Moreover, analyzing data from 643 patients showed that Riociguat increases CO by an average of 0.49 L/min. Finally, after analyzing data from 645 patients, it was concluded that Riociguat treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on PAWP. Our findings indicate that Riociguat improved certain hemodynamic parameters and exercise capacity in CTEPH patients.
In Vivo Assessment of Cortical Astrocyte Network Dysfunction During Autoimmune Demyelination: Correlation With Disease Severity
Authors: Moreno‐García A. , Serrat R. , Julio‐Kalajzic F. , Bernal‐Chico A. , Baraibar A. M. , Matute C. , Marsicano G. , Mato S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCortical damage and dysfunction is a pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) that correlates with the severity of physical and cognitive disability. Astrocytes participate in MS pathobiology through a variety of mechanisms, and abnormal astrocytic calcium signaling has been pointed as a pathogenic mechanism of cortical dysfunction in MS. However, in vivo evidence supporting deregulation of astrocyte calcium‐dependent mechanisms in cortical MS is still limited. Here, we applied fiber photometry to the longitudinal analysis of spontaneous and sensory‐evoked astrocyte network activity in the somatosensory cortex of mice in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that freely moving EAE mice exhibit spontaneously occurring astrocyte calcium signals of increased duration and reduced amplitude. Concomitantly, cortical astrocytes in EAE mice responded to sensory stimulation with calcium events of decreased amplitude. The emergence of aberrant astrocyte calcium signals in the somatosensory cortex paralleled the onset of neurological symptomatology, and changes in the amplitude of both spontaneous and evoked responses were selectively correlated to the severity of neurological deficits. These results highlight the imbalance of astrocyte network activity in the brain cortex during autoimmune inflammation and further support the relevance of astrocyte‐based pathobiology as an underlying mechanism of cortical dysfunction in MS.image