bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PILOT STUDY OF A STANDARDIZED INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE CURRICULUM FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY FELLOWS
Authors: Mulgund Aditi , Beniwal-Patel Poonam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
There is a need for standardization of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) training curriculum in gastroenterology fellowship. This training varies by program and in many cases may be insufficient to provide advanced care in IBD. Prior data has shown only 28% of trainees feel satisfied with their IBD exposure and few feel comfortable with the management of pouches, stomas, and pregnant or post-operative patients. The current approach to IBD education varies widely by training program and may include didactic sessions, web-based education, or clinical exposure. Because of the increase in IBD prevalence and rapid change to the treatment armamentarium, fellows need to be uniformly trained in IBD. There is a need for a standardized curriculum for IBD training across all gastroenterology fellowships.

Methods
We created an IBD curriculum for our categorical gastroenterology fellows based off the core IBD competencies recommended by the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation Rising Educators, Academicians, and Clinicians Helping Inflammatory Bowel Disease (REACH-IBD) group. Unique learning objectives and learning resources were provided during the IBD month, each year of fellowship. A pre-test and post-test was administered during the IBD month.

Results
The core competencies assessed in pre-survey data is shown in table 1. Preliminary data showed that only one trainee close to the end of training felt comfortable with most aspects of IBD management. The remaining trainees closer to the beginning of their fellowship were less comfortable with most aspects of IBD management (Table 1). First year fellows had most difficulty with identifying serious infections associated with advanced therapies for IBD and noting which laboratory testing is needed for monitoring. Second- and third-year fellows did well with assessment and management of the IBD patient, but had difficulty with advanced management of post-surgical or pregnant patient (Fig. 1).

Conclusion
This single-center prospective study implemented a novel comprehensive IBD curriculum as part of the IBD training month. Through real-time assessment, specific strengths and areas for further improvement were identified so additional training could be provided. The limitation of the study is the small sample size and limited follow up. Further models in IBD education during gastroenterology fellowship need to be explored.

Pre-rotation survey, administered to trainees to assess where they feel weakness lies

Bar graph demonstrating individual scores and average scores for post-rotation test, separated by year
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A FRET-BASED IMMUNOASSAY FOR QUANTITATION OF INFLIXIMAB ON A POINT-OF-CARE INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Ong Edgar , Huang Ruo , Kirkland Richard , Hale Michael , Mimms Larry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A fast (&lt;5 min), time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based immunoassay was developed for the quantitative detection of infliximab (IFX) and biosimilars for use in therapeutic drug monitoring using only 20 µL of fingerstick whole blood or serum at the point-of-care. The Procise IFX assay and ProciseDx analyzer are CE-marked. Studies were performed to characterize analytical performance of the Procise IFX assay on the ProciseDx analyzer.

Methods
Analytical testing was performed by spiking known amounts of IFX into negative serum and whole blood specimens. Analytical sensitivity was determined using limiting concentrations of IFX. Linearity was determined by testing IFX across the assay range. Hook effect was assessed at IFX concentrations beyond levels expected to be found within a patient. Testing of assay precision, cross-reactivity and potential interfering substances, and biosimilars was performed. The Procise IFX assay was also compared head-to-head with another CE-marked assay: LISA-TRACKER infliximab ELISA test (Theradiag, France). The accuracy of the Procise IFX assay is established through calibrators and controls traceable to the WHO 1st International Standard for Infliximab (NIBSC code: 16/170).

Results
The Procise IFX assay shows a Limit of Blank, Limit of Detection, and Lower Limit of Quantitation (LLoQ) of 0.1, 0.2, and 1.1 µg/mL in serum and 0.6, 1.1, and 1.7 µg/mL in whole blood, respectively. The linear assay range was determined to be 1.7 to 77.2 µg/mL in serum and whole blood. No hook effect was observed at an IFX concentration of 200 µg/mL as the value reported as “&gt;ULoQ”. Assay precision testing across 20 days with multiple runs and reagent lots showed an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.7%, an inter-assay CV of &lt;2%, and a total CV of 3.4%. The presence of potentially interfering/cross-reacting substances showed minimal impact on assay specificity with %bias within ±8% of control. Testing of biosimilars (infliximab-dyyb and infliximab-abda) showed good recovery. A good correlation to the Theradiag infliximab ELISA was obtained for both serum (slope=1.01; r=0.99) and whole blood (slope=1.01; r=0.98) samples (Figure 1).

Conclusion
Results indicate that the Procise IFX assay is sensitive, specific, and precise yielding results within 5 minutes from both whole blood and serum without the operator needing to specify sample type. Additionally, it shows very good correlation to a comparator assay that takes several hours and sample manipulation to yield results. This makes the Procise IFX assay ideal for obtaining fast and accurate IFX quantitation, thus allowing for immediate drug level dosing decisions to be made by the physician during patient treatment.
IMPACT OF DIET ON INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE SYMPTOMS: AN ADOLESCENT VIEWPOINT
Authors: Zangara Megan , Bhesania Natalie , Liu Wei , Cresci Gail , Kurowski Jacob , McDonald Christine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Dietary modification shows promise as therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, it is unknown whether adolescents are interested in a dietary approach.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey of adolescents with IBD ages 14–21 on disease knowledge, dietary habits, and perceptions of diet therapy.

Results
A total of 132 subjects (48.5% female), mean age of 17.8 years and median disease length of 5 years (range 0, 16), completed the survey. Diet was perceived as a symptom trigger by 59.8% of subjects, and 45.4% had tried using diet as a treatment for symptom resolution, often without physician supervision and with limited success. Overall, subjects reported following a diet significantly more often than documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) by the physician (25.0% vs. 15.0%, p=0.033), with 72% agreement between subject response and EMR documentation on current status of diet modification (AC1=0.59, CI=0.45, 0.73). Subjects experiencing active disease symptoms as determined by Manitoba IBD Index were more likely to be currently modifying their diet compared to subjects without active disease symptoms (OR = 4.11, CI=1.58, 10.73, p=0.003). The subjects reporting unsuccessful dietary modification compliancy (25.7%, n=34) most commonly cited perceived lack of improvement in their IBD symptoms as the primary reason for stopping the diet (48.4%, n=15).

Conclusions
Adolescents with IBD perceive a relationship between diet and disease symptoms and are interested in dietary modification as a symptom management option. Our study suggests that a large proportion of adolescent IBD patients may already be attempting dietary modification, and therefore would be receptive to a modified dietary plan under the guidance of their gastroenterologist and dietitian. Much is still unknown about how dietary modification will fit in with current treatment regimens, but patient interest informs us that it is necessary to continue development and research of this promising therapeutic option.
SPOSAB ABP 501 - A SICILIAN PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE TREATED WITH ADALIMUMAB BIOSIMILAR ABP 501
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Cappello Maria , Busacca Anita , Fries Walter , Viola Anna , Costantino Giuseppe , Magnano Antonio , Vinci Elisa , Ferracane Concetta , Privitera Antonino Carlo , Piccillo Giovita , Belluardo Nunzio , Giangreco Emiliano , Romano Claudio , Citrano Michele , Graziano Francesco , Garufi Serena , Bertolami Carmelo , Ventimiglia Marco , Scrivo Barbara , Renna Sara , Giulia Rizzuto , Casà Angelo , Orlando Ambrogio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
There are few clinical data on Adalimumab (ADA) biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
SPOSAB ABP 501 is a multicenter, observational, prospective study performed among the cohort of the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. All consecutive patients treated with ADA biosimilar ABP 501 from the introduction of the drug in Sicily (February 2019) to February 2020 (12 months) were enrolled to assess its safety and effectiveness. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A, naïve to ADA and naïve to anti-TNFs; group B, naïve to ADA, previously exposed to anti-TNFs; group C: switched from ADA originator to ABP 501.

Results
559 patients (median age 39 years; CD 88.0%, UC 12.0%) were included, with a follow-up time of 403.4 patient-years. Thirty-six SAEs occurred in 36 patients [(6.4% - incidence rate (IR): 8.9 per 100 person-years (PY)]. The IR of SAEs was higher among patients in group A compared with group C (17.4 vs. 4.8 per 100 PY; IR ratio=3.61; p&lt;0.001) and among patients in group B compared with group C (16.4 vs. 4.8 per 100 PY; IR ratio=3.42; p=0.041). Among ADA-naïve patients (group A+B), 188 (85.8%) had a clinical response after 12 weeks, including 165 (75.3%) who achieved steroid-free remission. Higher treatment persistence estimates were reported for patients in group C compared with group A and B (log-rank p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Safety and effectiveness of ABP 501 seem to be overall similar to those reported for ADA originator. Switching from originator to ABP 501 was safe and effective.
Successful HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation in a patient with active heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia with thrombosis using pre-implantation plasmapheresis and intraoperative continuous prostacyclin
Authors: Grinstein Jonathan , Molina Ezequiel J , Sheikh Farooq H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia describes a prothrombotic state with signiﬁcant rates of thrombus formation. We present a rare case of successful implantation of a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device in a patient with active heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia with thrombosis using preoperative plasmapheresis followed by intraoperative prostacyclin administration.
COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California
Authors: Bendavid Eran , Mulaney Bianca , Sood Neeraj , Shah Soleil , Bromley-Dulfano Rebecca , Lai Cara , Weissberg Zoe , Saavedra-Walker Rodrigo , Tedrow Jim , Bogan Andrew , Kupiec Thomas , Eichner Daniel , Gupta Ribhav , Ioannidis John P A , Bhattacharya Jay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Measuring the seroprevalence of antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to understanding infection risk and fatality rates. We studied Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-antibody seroprevalence in a community sample drawn from Santa Clara County.

Methods
On 3 and 4 April 2020, we tested 3328 county residents for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid lateral-flow assay (Premier Biotech). Participants were recruited using advertisements that were targeted to reach county residents that matched the county population by gender, race/ethnicity and zip code of residence. We estimate weights to match our sample to the county by zip, age, sex and race/ethnicity. We report the weighted and unweighted prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. We adjust for test-performance characteristics by combining data from 18 independent test-kit assessments: 14 for specificity and 4 for sensitivity.

Results
The raw prevalence of antibodies in our sample was 1.5% [exact binomial 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.0%]. Test-performance specificity in our data was 99.5% (95% CI 99.2–99.7%) and sensitivity was 82.8% (95% CI 76.0–88.4%). The unweighted prevalence adjusted for test-performance characteristics was 1.2% (95% CI 0.7–1.8%). After weighting for population demographics, the prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 1.3–4.2%), using bootstrap to estimate confidence bounds. These prevalence point estimates imply that 53 000 [95% CI 26 000 to 82 000 using weighted prevalence; 23 000 (95% CI 14 000–35 000) using unweighted prevalence] people were infected in Santa Clara County by late March—many more than the ∼1200 confirmed cases at the time.

Conclusion
The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Santa Clara County implies that COVID-19 was likely more widespread than indicated by the number of cases in late March, 2020. At the time, low-burden contexts such as Santa Clara County were far from herd-immunity thresholds.
Merging Professional and Collaborative Lexicography: The Case of Czech Neology
Authors: Škrabal Michal , Kavka Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to relate two linguistic phenomena: neology (along with sources for its study) and collaborative lexicography. A pair of case studies is presented concerning two thematically defined groups of recent Czech neologisms: those abusing the Czech ex-president V. Havel’s name and those reflecting the Covid-19 pandemic. An initial dataset was provided by the user-generated content web dictionary of non-standard Czech Čeština 2.0 and the Neomat neology database, fostered by professional linguists. The objective data from a monitor corpus of Czech is used in contrast with the initial dataset and thereby leads to some open questions, especially with regards to the extent to which amateur and professional, two branches of lexicography, can inspire and enrich each other.
A family of fast fixed point iterations for M/G/1-type Markov chains
Authors: Bini Dario A , Latouche Guy , Meini Beatrice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the problem of computing the minimal non-negative solution $G$ of the nonlinear matrix equation $X=\sum _{i=-1}^\infty A_iX^{i+1}$ where $A_i$, for $i\geqslant -1$, are non-negative square matrices such that $\sum _{i=-1}^\infty A_i$ is stochastic. This equation is fundamental in the analysis of M/G/1-type Markov chains, since the matrix $G$ provides probabilistic measures of interest. A new family of fixed point iterations for the numerical computation of $G$, which includes the classical iterations, is introduced. A detailed convergence analysis proves that the iterations in the new class converge faster than the classical iterations. Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of our extension.
Impact of a clinical decision rule on antibiotic prescription for children with suspected lower respiratory tract infections presenting to European emergency departments: a simulation study based on routine data
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N , Wagenaar Josephine H L , Nieboer Daan , Bath David , Von Both Ulrich , Carrol Enitan D , Eleftheriou Irini , Emonts Marieke , Van Der Flier Michiel , De Groot Ronald , Herberg Jethro , Kohlmaier Benno , Levin Michael , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinon-Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud , Pokorn Marko , Rivero Calle Irene , Tsolia Maria , Yeung Shunmay , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Vermont Clementien L , Oostenbrink Rianne , Moll Henriëtte A ,   the PERFORM consortium
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Discriminating viral from bacterial lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children is challenging thus commonly resulting in antibiotic overuse. The Feverkidstool, a validated clinical decision rule including clinical symptoms and C-reactive protein, safely reduced antibiotic use in children at low/intermediate risk for bacterial LRTIs in a multicentre trial at emergency departments (EDs) in the Netherlands.

Objectives
Using routine data from an observational study, we simulated the impact of the Feverkidstool on antibiotic prescriptions compared with observed antibiotic prescriptions in children with suspected LRTIs at 12 EDs in eight European countries.

Methods
We selected febrile children aged 1 month to 5 years with respiratory symptoms and excluded upper respiratory tract infections. Using the Feverkidstool, we calculated individual risks for bacterial LRTI retrospectively. We simulated antibiotic prescription rates under different scenarios: (1) applying effect estimates on antibiotic prescription from the trial; and (2) varying both usage (50%–100%) and compliance (70%–100%) with the Feverkidstool’s advice to withhold antibiotics in children at low/intermediate risk for bacterial LRTI (≤10%).

Results
Of 4938 children, 4209 (85.2%) were at low/intermediate risk for bacterial LRTI. Applying effect estimates from the trial, the Feverkidstool reduced antibiotic prescription from 33.5% to 24.1% [pooled risk difference: 9.4% (95% CI: 5.7%–13.1%)]. Simulating 50%–100% usage with 90% compliance resulted in risk differences ranging from 8.3% to 15.8%. Our simulations suggest that antibiotic prescriptions would be reduced in EDs with high baseline antibiotic prescription rates or predominantly (&gt;85%) low/intermediate-risk children.

Conclusions
Implementation of the Feverkidstool could reduce antibiotic prescriptions in children with suspected LRTIs in European EDs.
Immigration and preferences for redistribution in Europe
Authors: Alesina Alberto , Murard Elie , Rapoport Hillel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between immigration and preferences for redistribution in Europe using a newly assembled dataset of immigrant stocks for 140 regions in 16 Western European countries. Exploiting within-country variations in the share of immigrants at the regional level, we find that native respondents display lower support for redistribution when the share of immigrants in their residence region is higher. This negative association is driven by regions of countries with relatively large welfare states and by respondents at the center or at the right of the political spectrum. It is stronger when immigrants originate from Middle-Eastern or Eastern European countries, are less skilled than natives and experience more residential segregation. These results are unlikely to be driven by immigrants’ endogenous location choices, that is, by welfare magnet effects or by immigrants’ sorting into regions with better economic opportunities. They are also robust to instrumenting immigration using a standard shift-share approach.
Expression of GFAP and Tau Following Blast Exposure in the Cerebral Cortex of Ferrets
Authors: Schwerin Susan C , Chatterjee Mitali , Hutchinson Elizabeth B , Djankpa Francis T , Armstrong Regina C , McCabe Joseph T , Perl Daniel P , Juliano Sharon L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlast exposures are a hallmark of contemporary military conflicts. We need improved preclinical models of blast traumatic brain injury for translation of pharmaceutical and therapeutic protocols. Compared with rodents, the ferret brain is larger, has substantial sulci, gyri, a higher white to gray matter ratio, and the hippocampus in a ventral position; these attributes facilitate comparison with the human brain. In this study, ferrets received compressed air shock waves and subsequent evaluation of glia and forms of tau following survival of up to 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot demonstrated altered distributions of astrogliosis and tau expression after blast exposure. Many aspects of the astrogliosis corresponded to human pathology: increased subpial reactivity, gliosis at gray-white matter interfaces, and extensive outlining of blood vessels. MRI analysis showed numerous hypointensities occurring in the 12-week survival animals, appearing to correspond to luminal expansions of blood vessels. Changes in forms of tau, including phosphorylated tau, and the isoforms 3R and 4R were noted using immunohistochemistry and Western blot in specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Of particular interest were the 3R and 4R isoforms, which modified their ratio after blast. Our data strongly support the ferret as an animal model with highly translational features to study blast injury.
Studies on the compatibility mechanism and material basis of Danggui Buxue Decoction against anemia mice using metabonomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Liu YueTao , Ju Yanhong , Qin XueMei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To reveal the compatibility mechanism and material basis of Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) against anaemia.

Methods
UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS based serum metabonomics was applied to decipher the compatibility of DBD against anaemia mice. Meanwhile, network pharmacology was used to reveal the material basis of DBD based on the obtained differential metabolites.

Key findings
Metabonomic results indicated that 17 serum differential metabolites were closely related to anaemia. DBD, Huangqi (HQ) and Danggui (DG) could significantly ameliorate 13, 6 and 4 serum metabolites in anaemia mice, respectively. 17 serum differential metabolites were linked 140 corresponding targeted genes obtained by Metscape. In addition, 6649 targets genes related anaemia were obtained by network pharmacology. At last, six important targets genes were screened as hopeful targets for the treatment of anaemia through integrating them. Molecular docking further illustrated that eight active components of DBD including mairin, hederagenin, etc. played important roles in treating anaemia.

Conclusions
DBD produced the best effect by compatibility with HQ and DG in treating anaemia. The approach provided the insights into the compatibility mechanism and material basis of TCM in treating anaemia coupling network pharmacology.
Hydrolysis of organophosphorus by diatom purple acid phosphatase and sequential regulation of cell metabolism
Authors: Wang Xiang , Balamurugan Srinivasan , Liu Si-Fen , Ji Chang-Yang , Liu Yu-Hong , Yang Wei-Dong , Jiang Liwen , Li Hong-Ye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) limitation affects phytoplankton growth and population size in aquatic systems, and consequently limits aquatic primary productivity. Plants have evolved a range of metabolic responses to cope with P limitation, such as accumulation of purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) to enhance acquisition of phosphates. However, it remains unknown whether algae have evolved a similar mechanism. In this study, we examined the role of PAPs in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Expression of PAP1 was enhanced in P. tricornutum cells grown on organophosphorus compared to inorganic phosphate. PAP1 overexpression improved cellular growth and biochemical composition in a growth-phase dependent manner. PAP1 promoted growth and photosynthesis during growth phases and reallocated carbon flux towards lipogenesis during the stationary phase. PAP1 was found to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and it orchestrated the expression of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and translocation of inorganic P (Pi), thereby improving energy use, reducing equivalents and antioxidant potential. RNAi of PAP1 induced expression of its homolog PAP2, thereby compensating for the Pi scavenging activity of PAP1. Our results demonstrate that PAP1 brings about sequential regulation of metabolism, and provide novel insights into algal phosphorus metabolism and aquatic primary productivity.