bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Break even point analysis of backyard chicken hens in Sidenreng Rappang Regency South Sulawesi
Authors: Saleh I M , Amrullah T , Hasbi F U , Astaman P , Darwis M , Ridwan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the Break-Even Point of Backyard of laying hens business in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. This research was conducted in Bulo Village, backyard farm. This research was conducted from February to April 2020. In this study used a case study, results of the research are not generalized. The total profit earned by these people’s farm is IDR 137,717,244. For the price of IDR 37,000 eggs, it will reach BEP at 1,617,723/ egg, IDR BEP will reach IDR 1,436,727,272 with a egg price of IDR 888 /egg. With a price of IDR 38,000 BEP, the figure is 1,284,075/egg, the IDR BEP is IDR 1,436,727,272, the price is IDR 1,118/egg. The BEP calculation for the price of IDR 39,000 will reach BEP at 1,059,030 per egg and the BEP for IDR 1,436,727,272 with a BEP price of IDR 1,356/egg. Egg price fluctuation is influenced by supply and demand.
The Occurrence of Harmful Jellyfish Outbreaks and Human Stung Reported at Recreational Beaches in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyadi H A , Sianturi O R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Harmful jellyfish outbreaks have occurred annually in Southern Java. The occurrence could be seen at recreational beaches such as Baron Beach, Kukup Beach, Parangtritis Beach, and Glagah Beach. Although outbreaks happen every year, there are few studies. This research investigates the occurrence of harmful jellyfish and the number of visitors stung at recreational beaches in the Yogyakarta Special Region based on interview approaches and literature review. The outbreaks of harmful jellyfish, identified as Physalia cf physalis, occurred during June-August every year at recreational beaches in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In this year, the outbreaks of harmful jellyfish Physalia cf physalis started in late June. Total 913 people were reported stung during 19 June-12 July. Visitors stung by harmful jellyfish at Parangtritis beach and Kukup beach account for 89.92% and 6.46%, respectively. Visitors stung increased during the weekend (except on Kukup Beach). The first-aid treatment was made by the local rescue team, namely Satuan Perlindungan Masyarakat (Satlinmas), using hot water, vinegar, and topical analgesic as a painkiller. Sometimes, they use traditional medicine from Jinking (Mictyris sp, which is abundant in the coastal area) to reduce the pain. This study’s information is a critical baseline study for the biology and ecology of harmful jellyfish in the future.
Correlation Between the Phytoplankton Distribution with the Oceanographic Parameters of the Deep-Sea Surface of Sangihe-Talaud, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rozirwan  , Sugeha H Y , Fitriya N , Firdaus M R , Avianto P , Iskandar I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phytoplankton is the primary producer and plays an important role in the food chain process, especially in the oceans. This study aims to describe the phytoplankton distribution and correlations with oceanographic parameters in the deep-sea surface, Sangihe-Talaud, North Sulawesi. Research methodologies include; oceanographic data collection (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and density), field methods, and phytoplankton samples processing. Data analysis includes abundance, diversity and domination index, PCA analysis, and Similarity index. The results showed that the phytoplankton composition in the sea surface layer of the Sangihe-Talaud waters has three classes: Bacillariophyceae and 86% with ten generai.e., Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Dactyliosolen, Eucampia, Guinardia, Hemiaulus, Leptocylindrus, Pleurosigma, Rhizoselenia, and Skeletonema. The class of Dinophyceae 8%, as many as 17 genera, i.e., Actiniscus, Amphisolenia, Ceratium, Ceratocorys, Gambierdiscus, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Heterodinium, Mesoporos, Noctiluca, Ornithocercus, Oxyphysis, Podolampas, Prorocentrum, Protoperidinium, Pyrocystis, and Pyrophacus. The class of Cyanophyceae 6% and found only one genus Trichodesmium. Phytoplankton abundance was calculated as 65.63 to 1,071.88 cells L−1, with an average of 419.03 cells L−1. The distribution is exhibited that the higher abundance in the southern part near the mainland of the Sulawesi and Maluku channels compared to the northern part, which is directly connected with the Pacific Ocean. The diversity and dominance index of phytoplankton are categorized as generally moderate and no species domination. The correlation between oceanographic parameters with abundance and diversity of phytoplankton is characterized by the identifiers using salinity, density, and temperature; and indicated a strong similarity index.
The Ecological Studies of Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeidae) in The Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi R , Sukardjo S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of environmental variables by combining information about the immigration of juveniles during one year. The study of population structure, growth, and morphometric relationships ofPenaeus monodonFabricius in 1798 was carried out in four zones of the Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL(Zone I (mesotrophic/in two main rivers Cibereum and Citanduy): Zone II (eutroph/in the northeastern part of the lagoon): Zone III(eutroph/in the south-eastern part of the lagoon): Zone IV (mesotrophic/near the western channel) for one year (December 2016 - January 2017). The average carapace length (CL) during the rainy season was 36.35 mm in October and 28.61 mm in December, reflecting changes in shrimp size in the population. The morphological relationship, in terms of total length (TL, mm) and carapace length (CL, mm) of male and female shrimps were significantly correlated with TL = 15,825 + 3,225 CL (r = 0,960) and TL = 25,462 + 2,897 CL (r = 0,978), each. The allometric equations for carapace length (CL mm) and weight (W, g) are Wmale= 10-3 2.834 CL2.528, and Wfemale= 10-3 1.520 CL2, The local distribution of the shrimps suggested that the SAL represent an important nursery ground in its life history.
Will the High Biodiversity of Eels in the Coral Triangle be Affected by Climate Change?
Authors: Miller M J , Wouthuyzen S , Aoyama J , Sugeha H Y , Watanabe S , Kuroki M , Syahailatua A , Suharti S , Hagihara S , Tantu F Y , Trianto  , Otake T , Tsukamoto K 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Indonesian Seas are at the center of the Coral Triangle, which has the highest marine biodiversity in the world, and the region is under threat from climate change. Freshwater habitats in the region have a high number of anguillid eels compared to other regions of the world, but it is more difficult to capture marine eels to assess their biodiversity. Catches of leptocephali from 5 internationally collaborative surveys for eel larvae (leptocephali) in the Coral Triangle have collected about 126-169 species of larvae, which indicates that the Coral Triangle region likely has the highest marine eel biodiversity in the world based on comparisons to similar larval surveys in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans (29-107 species). These marine eel species inhabit a wide range of benthic and pelagic habitats, but how they might be affected by climate changes such as ocean warming has not been considered. Anguillid eels in the Coral Triangle region could be affected mainly by changes in rainfall patterns that could affect their freshwater growth stage or their reproductive maturation patterns and migration. Effects on marine eels would depend on the types of habitats where they live, with the least impacts occurring for deep benthic or pelagic species. Marine eels that live in shallow habitats would be most affected if warming seas and coral bleaching reduce the types of prey species they depend on. Based on their possible association with coral reef habitats, eels of the families Muraenidae and Chlopsidae appear to the most likely types of eels to be impacted by changes in community structure resulting from coral bleaching. All leptocephali species live in the ocean surface layer where they feed on marine snow, so warmer ocean temperatures might reduce the amount or quality of marine snow that is available, resulting in lower larval survival rates. Further studies on eel biodiversity and habitat use will provide more insight into the possible loss of endemic species in the Coral Triangle due to climate change, but presently it is unclear how many species of eels may be directly affected by climate change.
Mangrove in the Urban Area of Small Islands: Vegetation Health, Potential, and Management Challenges
Authors: Suyadi  , Prayudha B , Renyaan J , Indrabudi T , Manulang C Y , Naroli I 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndonesia is the largest habitat of mangroves in the world which many are distributed in the urban areas of small islands. However, knowledge about conditions, potential, and management challenges of mangrove in these urban areas are still scarce. This study’s objectives are to assess mangrove conditions, potential threats, and the perception of local people. In the last two decades, mangrove cover in the main city of Ambon decreased at the rate of 0.75% y−1and the status of the vegetation health was poor. In contrast, there was no much change in the mangrove areas of a satellite city, Tual and it has healthy mangrove forests. Mangrove forests have a good potential for carbon storage, either in Tual (191 Mg C ha−1or 703 Mg CO2e ha−1) or Ambon (120 Mg C ha−1or 441 Mg CO2e ha−1). Estimates of the economic value of carbon sequestration by mangrove forests in Tual and Ambon were US$ 30,896 and US$ 49,195 ha−1. The management challenges include mangrove deforestation, plastic pollution, and low public participation. Given the significant economic values of the mangrove areas and their potential carbon loss due to mangrove deforestation, avoiding mangrove deforestation, restoring the ecosystem, and strengthening conservation actions in small islands’ urban areas are crucial to ensure the sustainable use of mangrove resources.
Oil and Grease (OG) Content in Seawater and Sediment of The Jakarta Bay and its Surrounding
Authors: Khozanah  , Yogaswara D , Wulandari I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Oil and grease (OG) pollutants were found and measured in seawater and sediment, causing damage to the marine environment. Observations of total concentrations of OG in seawater and sediment have been conducted in the waters of Jakarta Bay and surrounding areas in March 2017. This study investigates the total contamination levels and spatial distribution of OG in seawaters and sediments in the Jakarta Bay and vicinity area. Seawater and sediment samples were taken at six sampling points in three locations; Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island. The samples were extracted by dichloromethane and n-hexane solvent, followed by an analysis in the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) instrument at a wavelength of 2900-3000 cm-1. The concentration of OG in seawater from Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island has an average of 258.547 mg/L, 114.454 mg/L, and 240.533 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the OG levels in sediments from Ancol, Muara Gembong, and Pari Island have a mean concentration of 18.084 mg/kg, 17.218 mg/kg, and 15.254 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that the level of OG obtained in these waters is higher than the threshold value based on the Decree of Environment Ministry No. 51/2004 regarding seawater quality, meanwhile in the sediment sample is lower than the threshold value based on the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) sediment quality guidelines (SQGs).
Improvement of Omega-3 in Lemuru (Sardinella sp) Fish Oil by Using Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Kosasih W , Saepudin E , Priatni S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to scale-up the production of the omega-3 enrichment generated from Lemuru fish oil using a 1 L reactor without experimental design through enzymatic reactions that might have increased the economic value of lemuru fish oil. The enrichment of omega 3 fish oil was carried using a 1 L reactor through hydrolysis with commercial lipase enzymes’ help. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with variations in temperature (40,45,50 and 55°C), time of reaction (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 hours), the enzyme concentration of 1000 units, and agitation (50, 100, and 150 rpm). The fatty acid content of fish oil before and after the enzymatic reaction was analyzed using GC-MS. At the same time, the omega-3 fatty acid content of fish oil that had been hydrolyzed with lipase was determined using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results show that the optimum conditions for enzymatic reactions were 24 hours reaction time, 50°C temperature, and 150 rpm agitation. Enzymatic reactions using commercial lipases can increase the omega-3 levels of Lemuru fish oil consisting of the content of ALA, EPA, and DHA, 10, 18, and 35-fold, respectively.
Paleolimnological approach for management sustainable use of tropical lakes
Authors: Soeprobowati TR 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tropical aquatic resources provide ecosystem services, which are affected by human activities. Human-induced environmental change in Indonesian lakes has considerably increased since the new order in 1970. In general, many Indonesian lakes had deteriorated due to sedimentation and eutrophication, which induced the blooming of aquatic plants, mostly by water hyacinth. Water security becomes a problem, particularly in the dry seasons, but water overflow and flooding occur in many places during wet seasons. Landscape and climate changes, pollution, species diversity, preserved in lake sediment, provide long-term proof of environmental changes. This paper will discuss a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct past environmental changes. Paleolimnology is learning about stratigraphy sediment of the lakes where fossils are well preserved in the sediment and provide information about the past conditions of the catchment area. Lakes’ sediment records the changes in condition of the catchment area, like a diary book. Paleolimnology had been studied for Rawapening Lake and Telaga Warna Lake, Dieng. Reconstruction of the past environmental condition is required to predict future conditions. Reconstruction is an activity recreate past conditions by pointing the organism stored in layers of sediment, therefore, reflecting the environmental conditions based on organisms deposited, to develop the best sustainable water resources management, as in alignment with the concept of water – energy – food nexus.
Modeling approach to determine priority sub-catchment for volcanic lake restoration
Authors: Rustini H A , Harsono E , Ridwansyah I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Catchment restoration is one of important aspects taken into account when planning lake restoration. The initial step to this is identifying the location and characteristics of the problem areas for further analysis in deciding suitable restoration measures. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize priority sub-catchment to be managed in order to promote Lake Maninjau restoration by using calibrated and validated 2-dimensional multilayers hydrodynamics and water quality model. Results showed that small sub-catchments which are significantly occupied by settlements in the verge of the lake should be prioritized since they provide higher immediate nutrient which lead to eutrophication near the lakeshore area. While large sub-catchments may not cause immediate eutrophication in the lakeshore area, they must also be managed wisely to increase water quality in the much wider part of the lake.
Water balance model aided in estimating net groundwater inflow at Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra - Indonesia
Authors: Apip  , Handoko U , Ridwansyah I , Santoso AB , Subehi L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sustained lake functioning requires proper catchment land and water management. To address this, quantitative information and comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and hydrological budget of the lake ecosystem are required. However, measuring hydrologic components such as groundwater discharge into a freshwater body is difficult, since its direct measurements are costly, time-consuming, and hardly implemented. Therefore, this study was intended to quantify groundwater inflow to the lake through an effective approach using the water balance modeling technique. Herein, groundwater discharge and contribution were calculated as the water balance residual in terms of net groundwater inflow. It can be considered a minimum estimate of groundwater inflow, as there the groundwater outflow maybe exists but not quantifiable. The approach has been applied for Lake Maninjau which is categorized as a deep, regulated, and tecto-volcanic lake located in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The result indicates that the groundwater inflow slightly moderately influences the fluxes of new water volume (the region between observed lowest and highest lake water level) at the upper layer of Lake Maninjau. Its contribution was equivalent to at least 20-28% according to the assessment for the years of 2013 and 2014. Annually, the new water volume recharged from the groundwater inflow corresponded to at least 182-281 million m3. Moreover, these findings enhance a previous study stated that the terrain system of Lake Maninjau is dominated by a rare groundwater aquifer.
Long-term change of water clarity in Lake Limboto derived from Landsat data
Authors: Setiawan F , Subehi L , Matsushita B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Long-term water quality data is important for supporting lake management. Performing routine in situ water quality measurement remains a challenge; thus, the available data are minimal. Long-term data archived of satellite data potentially address this data scarcity. We used Landsat TM/ETM+ images to generate a long-term water clarity or Secchi Disk Depth (SD) for Lake Limboto during 1991–2019. Pre-processing Landsat image was done before calculated SD using a selected model (i.e., removing contaminated water pixels, filtering images, and mitigating atmospheric effect). We then analyzed the long-term, temporal and spatial pattern change of SD in Lake Limboto. During the study period, linear regression showed a significant decrease in SD in Lake Limboto (R2= 0.21, p<0.001). The result showed Lake Limboto has seasonal change (peak= May, troughs= August - September). SD would positively and significantly correlate with monthly rainfall data if it shifted one-month later the rainfall period (R2= 0.46, p<0.05). Increasing population resulted in a decrease of SD during 2000-2019 (R2 = 0.81, p<0.001). The declining trend in the SD in Lake Limboto has the potential to continue under a higher future population, land cover change, and climate change. Remote sensing can be used to capture the change tendency of water clarity in Lake Limboto. Thus, useful for evaluating the implementation of a lake management plan.
National action plan for the reduction and abolishment of mercury use: regulation implementation in 2019-2020
Authors: Sari A A , Afriana F M , Ariyani M , Putera P B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As a continuation of the enactment of Law No 11 of 2017 concerning Ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Government of Indonesia issued Presidential Regulation No. 21 of 2019 concerning the National Action Plan (NAP) for the Reduction and Abolishment of Mercury (RAM). This regulation contains strategies, activities, and targets for mercury reduction and elimination in the period 2018 to 2030, with priorities in manufacturing, energy, small-scale gold mining, and health. This study aims to analyze the success indicators of the NAP-RAM in 4 priority areas based on the regulations implemented in 2019-2020. The analysis results show that not all regulations that are targeted in 2019 and 2020 have been formed. On the other hand, some existing regulations still require adjustments and improvements. Mercury was found in surface water in several provinces in Indonesia due to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) existence. The maximum value of mercury in surface waters was still below the quality threshold standard proposed by Government Act No. 82/2001 but exceeded the WHO’s quality threshold standard. The mercury waste threshold in the Indonesian regulation is higher than those in international regulation such as USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) or WHO (World Health Organization). Therefore, the government should issue a stricter regulation closer to international regulation regarding the mercury waste threshold in water.
Analysis of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), nitrite, nitrate and runoff changes during rainfall events at River Kurambik, Lake Maninjau
Authors: Subehi L , Ridwansyah I , Apip  , Yulianti M , Dianto A , Wisesa E T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lake Maninjau is a caldera lake with a volcano-tectonic type. The existing land management of Lake Maninjau catchment area influenced water quality, included River Kurambik as one of the rivers that flow into Lake Maninjau. It influenced degradation of water quality, nutrient enrichment and exceeded the carrying capacity. The source of pollutants, especially non-point sources pollution can be a point source in large numbers. For example, runoff from agricultural areas containing pesticides and fertilizers, runoff from residential areas (domestic). In order to gain insight into the effect of watershed conditions on water quality in Lake Maninjau, we statistically analyzed Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Nitrite, Nitrate, discharge, water temperature (Tw) and, air temperature (Ta) at River Kurambik, Lake Maninjau. Besides water level and water temperature (HOBO sensor), also Teledyne ISCO sampler equipment was used to take sample water for analysis. Some results showed the relation among parameters such as TSS, Nitrite, Nitrate, discharge, and water temperature as long as our observation in periods September – November 2018. Based on data, it could be explained that the seasonal variability of atmospheric conditions influenced fluctuations in air and water temperature nearly proportionally (R2 = 0,883). The change of discharge influenced Total Suspended Solid (TSS) significantly (R2 = 0,917). It indicated the land use change contributed to the water quality during rainfall events through runoff sediment and materials into the lake. On the other hand, Nitrite, Nitrate parameters seemed to have various changes during rainfall events. The land use management and economic values of these lakes and ecosystem should be elucidated. In order to maintain the sustainability of the lake, land cover management at the catchment area is also necessary for the next study.