bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaphors we teach by
Authors: Martin Hard Bridgette , Liang Nathan , Wong Michelle , Flusberg Stephen J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Teaching is a complex activity that people often discuss metaphorically, as when a professor is described as a
sculptor molding impressionable students. What do such metaphors reveal about how people conceptualize teaching? Previous
work has addressed related questions largely via researcher intuition and qualitative analyses of teacher attitudes. We sought to develop a
more principled method for mapping the entailments of metaphorical concepts, using teaching metaphors as a case study. We presented
participants with one of four common metaphors for the teacher-student relationship (identified in a preliminary study) and asked them to
rate the degree to which a series of teacher attributes fit the metaphor. We then used iterated exploratory factor analysis to identify a
small number of dimensions that underlie people’s conceptions of teachers and examined whether the metaphors systematically differed along
these dimensions. We found that teaching metaphors bring to mind distinct, coherent clusters of teacher attributes and different intuitions
about teacher responsibility and power – a finding we replicated in a larger, pre-registered follow-up study using a new set of
participants. This work provides a novel method for mapping the entailments of metaphorical concepts and sets the stage for educational
interventions centered on shifting lay theories of teaching.
Attitudes to accents
Authors: Prikhodkine Alexei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at the processes involved in the development of the attitudes to voices. After outlining
the main outcomes – and their social issues – of different research traditions related to language regard studies
(such as language attitude research, language ideology analysis), it goes on to survey the recent findings that focus
on the complexity and the variability of the responses to language varieties. Thereafter, the text discusses to what
extent this focus on complexity conforms to the social constructivist turn in social sciences, namely how current
research deals with non-essentialist assumptions and non-fixity of meanings. Finally, the chapter critically addresses
the agency attributed to social actors in meaning making and examines findings that show the importance of legitimacy
issues to the interpretation of attitudes to accents and make explicit the political dimension in the use of language
resources as well as in the regard on them.
Encountering accented others – and selves – in provincial Japan
Authors: Everhart Edwin K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Who has a regional accent in Japan? Now over a century into the project of language standardization, this
question remains pressing but difficult to answer conclusively. This chapter addresses distinctive characteristics of
the metalinguistics of accent in the Touhoku (northern Honshu) region through local categories, and drawing on
participant observation, it also offers a close reading of moments of indeterminacy in which language users negotiate
the encounter with accent in themselves and in others. Three cases illuminate how the presence or absence of regional
accent is subject to the interactional work of language users, and the identification of accent can be thwarted by a
strategy of non-participation. The chapter concludes by reviewing the impact of accent in language users’ lives.
The pragmatic force of second language accent in education
Authors: Levis John , McCrocklin Shannon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Second language (L2) accents are defined by pronunciation features differing from a particular
standard, but listeners perceive more than sound differences when evaluating accents. L2 accents are indexical
to a speaker’s perceived place in an L2 community and convey pragmatic information about a speaker’s identity.
Accent thus impacts the ways learners create identities and manage social roles. Such identity creation may be
especially important in being heard as a valid speaker of the L2, a prerequisite to identity construction and
further language learning. This chapter explores the pragmatic force of L2 accent for learners in educational
settings, by using data collected from language learners and bilinguals and examining participants’ complex
reactions towards accents, and studying the multifaceted goals for their pronunciation.
From I’m the One That I Want to Kim’s Convenience
Authors: Chung Hye Seung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, I examine the “implicit yellowvoice performances” by Asian American and Asian
Canadian performers as well as the racial implications of such performative acts. In particular, I pay close
attention to Margaret Cho’s “Mom” persona in stand-up comic routines and Ins Choi’s “Appa” (Dad) character in
Kim’s Convenience (played by Paul Sun-Hyun Lee in CBC’s sitcom adaptation of the play).
Ultimately, I argue that while accents play a key role in dramatizing generational and cultural differences
between immigrant parents and their assimilated children, the excessive use of exaggerated accents (faked by
native speakers, members of speech outgroup) contributes to perpetuating “employment discrimination, anxiety
about miscegenation, the necessity of misrecognition, mocking humor…and Orientalist cultural imaginings”
(Ono and Pham, 2009).
Divine intervention
Authors: Villanueva Emily , Ensslin Astrid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Videogames often take place in fictional worlds, yet the performed accents of game characters are
real reflections of the language ideologies of a game’s creators and intended audience. This chapter
demonstrates how these ideologies are at play in BioWare’s fantasy role-playing game Dragon Age:
Inquisition (2014), through its linguistic differentiation of two characters, Cassandra and
Leliana. Although largely presented as counter to one another, both are othered from the majority of in-game
characters by way of their accented English. Videogames contain unique, medium-specific affordances; thus,
using multimodal discourse analysis and procedural rhetoric, this chapter examines how Cassandra and Leliana’s
accents construct social and ideological meaning, and how the performative nature of gameplay affects players’
perception of these characters.
In the ear of the beholder
Authors: Setzer Alexandra Besoi , Nicoladis Elena , Baquiran C. Lorelei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we tested whether a foreign accent activated different stereotypes, depending
on the listener. Here, we explore whether ethnicity of a rater affects the perceived intelligence of a doctor
speaking English with a Chinese accent vs. a doctor speaking English with a standard Canadian accent. As
predicted, the results show an interaction between the ethnicity of the rater and the accent of the doctor:
Chinese Canadians attributed lower intelligence to a doctor speaking with a Chinese accent than with a
standard accent and, conversely, English Canadians perceived both doctors to be highly intelligent – which is
consistent with previous research. We finally discuss how these stereotypes might be related to bias and
interpersonal relations.
From sound to social meaning
Authors: Boudreau Annette , Gasquet-Cyrus Médéric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This concluding chapter is written by two francophone researchers who, for years, have tackled the
notion of accents through different angles, different standpoints and above all, different experiences. For
they are not only scholars specialized in the field of accents, but also people whose entire lives are
embedded in accent matters. Whether it is about themselves, people close to them or the subjects encountered
in their surveys and fieldworks, they live in a kind of constant state of ‘participant observation’, wherein
they continuously scrutinize the diversity and complexity of accents under their linguistic, social and
pragmatic aspects. Hence why they were assigned to write the final chapter of this book, which is not a
conclusion nor a synthesis, but a focus on the pragmatic aspects of accents through specific and situated
points of views.
Can a corpus-driven lexical analysis of human and machine translation unveil discourse features that set them apart?
Authors: Frankenberg-Garcia Ana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There is still much to learn about the ways in which human and machine translation differ with regard to the contexts that regulate the production and interpretation of discourse. The present study explores whether a corpus-driven lexical analysis of human and machine translation can unveil discourse features that set the two apart. A balanced corpus of source texts aligned with authentic, professional translations and neural machine translations was compiled for the study. Lexical discrepancies in the two translation corpora were then extracted via a corpus-driven keyword analysis, and examined qualitatively through parallel concordances of source texts aligned with human and machine translation. The study shows that keyword analysis not only reiterates known problems of discourse in machine translation such as lexical inconsistency and pronoun resolution, but can also provide valuable insights regarding contextual aspects of translated discourse deserving further research.
Bridging international political economy and public policy and administration research on central banking
Authors: Yagci Mustafa , Bakir Caner 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTCentral banking as an avenue of research has been of interest to scholars from International Political Economy (IPE) and Public Policy and Administration (PPA) disciplines. Nevertheless, there is very little dialogue between these two perspectives to bridge macro, meso, micro-level analyses and examine the reciprocal relationship between the global and domestic political economy context and monetary policy conduct. This article investigates the Turkish experience to bridge IPE and PPA scholarship on central banking in emerging economies. In doing so, we adopt an analytic eclectic approach combining multiple structural, institutional, and agential causal explanations with particular reference to the Structure, Institution, and Agency (SIA) theoretical framework. This is because analytic eclecticism complements, speaks to, and selectively incorporates theoretical approaches such as the New Independence Approach (NIA) of IPE and institutional and ideational PPA approaches. Drawing on the empirical context of the historical evolution of the Turkish political economy, we explore domestic and international interactions among micro, meso, and macro levels that shape central banking behavior. Our analysis also reveals how global dynamics are translated into domestic policy choices and how particular ideas influence the policymaking process. The analysis underscores the constraining and enabling influence of international dynamics, politics of ideas on emerging economy central banking, and the essential role individual and organizational agency play in the policymaking process.
Tailoring hot carrier cooling and recombination dynamics of mixed halide perovskite by incorporating Au@CZTS core–shell nanocrystal
Authors: Prodhan Sayan , Chauhan Kamlesh Kumar , Karmakar Manobina , Ghosh Anima , Bhattacharyya Sayan , Datta Prasanta Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Organic–inorganic halide perovskite has emerged as the front-runner of absorber materials for highly efficient solar cell in recent years. The incorporation of metallic (Au, Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) within the perovskite contributes to the effective tuning of their optoelectronic properties via enhancing the channels of solar energy transfer and promoting carrier transport. Placing a dielectric shell over the metal NP further enhances the carrier mobility and reduces the carrier recombination in the semiconductor material. Here, we have extensively investigated the effect of the Au@CZTS core–shell nanocrystal (NC) on hot carrier (HC) cooling dynamics and excited carrier recombination dynamics in bulk MAPbI3−X
Cl
X
perovskite using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with a temporal and spectral resolution of 120 fs and 0.8 nm respectively. The HC cooling dynamics indicates the formation of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons within the first 0.6 ps and a delayed conversion of LO phonons to longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons from 8 ps to 15.9 ps due to the incorporation of the Au@CZTS core–shell NC in bulk perovskite. Further, the investigation of carrier recombination dynamics shows that at a fixed pump fluence of 3.19 μJ cm
−2
the rate constants decrease nearly 1 order of magnitude for (a) Auger recombination (from 1.2 × 10−32 cm6 s−1 to 1.7 × 10−34 cm6 s−1), (b) band-to-band recombination (from 8 × 10−14 cm3 s−1 to 8 × 10−15 cm3 s−1) and (c) trap state recombination (from 5.5 × 108
μs−1 to 5 × 107
μs−1) after the modification of bulk perovskite by Au@CZTS core–shell NC. Delayed conversion of LO phonons to LA phonons confirms the presence of an enhanced ‘hot phonon bottleneck’ effect in modified bulk perovskite. Lowering of the recombination rate constants provides an opportunity for developing high-performance perovskite-based photovoltaics.
Macroscopic-ranged proximity effect in graphite
Authors: Camargo Bruno Cury , Gierłowski Piotr , Kuzmiak Marek , de Jesus Ramon Ferreira , Onufriienko Oleksandr , Szabó Pavol , Kopelevich Yakov 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report proximity-induced superconducting features over macroscopic lengths in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The phenomenon is triggered when electrical currents are injected in the material through superconducting electrodes, few millimeters apart from each other. Such a large range is anomalous, as proximity-induced features in normal conductors hardly surpass few micrometers. The results can be explained as due to the presence of pre-existing superconductivity in graphite on small, localized regions.
Bursted auricular vagus nerve stimulation alters heart rate variability in healthy subjects
Authors: Széles Jozsef C , Kampusch Stefan , Thürk Florian , Clodi Christian , Thomas Norbert , Fichtenbauer Severin , Schwanzer Christian , Schwarzenberger Sebastian , Neumayer Christoph , Kaniusas Eugenijus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. Recent research suggests that percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (pVNS) beneficially modulates the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Bursted pVNS seems to be efficient for nerve excitation. Bursted pVNS effects on cardiac autonomic modulation are not disclosed yet. Approach. For the first time, the present study evaluates the effect of pVNS on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy subjects (n = 9) using two distinct bursted stimulation patterns (biphasic and triphasic stimulation) and heart rate variability analysis (HRV). Stimulation was delivered via four needle electrodes in vagally innervated regions of the right auricle. Each of the two bursted stimulation patterns was applied twice in randomized order over four consecutive stimulation sessions per subject. Main results. Bursted pVNS did not change heart rate, blood pressure, and inflammatory parameters in study subjects. pVNS significantly increased the standard deviation of heart inter-beat intervals, from 46.39 ± 10.4 ms to 63.46 ± 22.47 ms (p < 0.05), and the total power of HRV, from 1475.7 ± 616.13 ms2 to 3190.5 ± 2037.0 ms2 (p < 0.05). The high frequency (HF) power, the low frequency (LF) power, and the LF/HF ratio did not change during bursted pVNS. Both stimulation patterns did not show any significant differences in cardiac autonomic modulation. Stimulation intensity to reach a tingling sensation was significantly lower in triphasic compared to biphasic stimulation (p < 0.05). Bursted stimulation was well tolerated. Significance. Bursted pVNS seems to affect cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy subjects, with no difference between biphasic and triphasic stimulation, the latter requiring lower stimulation intensities. These findings foster implementation of more efficient pVNS stimulation.
Actuator placement optimization in an active lattice structure using generalized pattern search and verification
Authors: Du Pasquier Cosima , Shea Kristina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Shape morphing structures are actively used in the aerospace and automotive industry. By adapting their shape to a stimulus such as heat, light, or pressure, a design can be optimized to achieve a broader band of functionality over its lifetime. The quality of a structure with respect to shape-morphing can be assessed using five criteria: weight, load-carrying capacity, energy consumption, accuracy of the controlled deformation, and the range and number of achievable target shapes. This work focuses on the use of lightweight and stiff active lattice structures, where the layout of actuators within the structure determines the final deformation. It uses a statically and kinematically determinate Kagome lattice pattern that has been shown to deform the most accurately with the least energy. The use of a determinate structure justifies the implementation of a simplified deformation model. The deformation resulting from a given actuator layout can be expressed as a linear combination of the deformation of individual actuators, which are all computed in a pre-processing step and expressed with an influence matrix. The actuator layout is thus optimized for several target shapes. The linear combination model is shown to replicate FEM simulations with an average of 94.8% accuracy for all target shapes. The actuator layouts in one-level lattices are tested using a novel design for a 3D printed modular Kagome pneumatic lattice structure. The experimental results replicate the target shapes with an average accuracy of 79.9%. The resulting actuator layouts are shown to form more target shapes with a similar deformation range as similar publications.
Low-thermal-budget Au-free ohmic contact to an ultrathin barrier AlGaN/GaN heterostructure utilizing a micro-patterned ohmic recess
Authors: Shi Wen , Huang Sen , Wang Xinhua , Jiang Qimeng , Yao Yixu , Bi Lan , Li Yuchen , Deng Kexin , Fan Jie , Yin Haibo , Wei Ke , Li Yankui , Shi Jingyuan , Jiang Haojie , Li Junfeng , Liu Xinyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A pre-ohmic micro-patterned recess process, is utilized to fabricate Ti/Al/Ti/TiN ohmic contact to an ultrathin-barrier (UTB) AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, featuring a significantly reduced ohmic contact resistivity of 0.56 Ω·mm at an alloy temperature of 550 °C. The sheet resistances increase with the temperature following a power law with the index of +2.58, while the specific contact resistivity decreases with the temperature. The contact mechanism can be well described by thermionic field emission (TFE). The extracted Schottky barrier height and electron concentration are 0.31 eV and 5.52 × 1018 cm−3, which suggests an intimate contact between ohmic metal and the UTB-AlGaN as well as GaN buffer. A good correlation between ohmic transfer length and the micro-pattern size is revealed, though in-depth investigation is needed. A preliminary CMOS-process-compatible metal–insulator–semiconductor high-mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) was fabricated with the proposed Au-free ohmic contact technique.
Analysis on the Conductivity of Graphene-based Composite Material
Authors: Yang Dalei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electric energy is the main energy source in production and life. How to make efficient transmission and utilization of electric energy is a problem that requires long-term research. Graphene, as a material with a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice carbon chain structure, has good electrical conductivity. Its composite with conductive polymer or inorganic metal materials can effectively improve its electrical conductivity and obtain more outstanding electrochemical performance. In order to understand the application of graphene’s electrical conductivity in life in more detail, this article first reviews the electrical properties of graphene, and then reviews and analyzes the research progress of graphene polymer electrical conductivity based on different composite materials and processing methods. The author also points out that the biggest problem facing graphene composites now is that the expensive price of graphene nanosheets and its unavailableness in large-scale applications and industrial production, as well as proposes that the future of graphene composites is still through scientific research in a short period of time. Continuously improving its electrical conductivity is necessary, yet the long-term strategic goal should be reducing the cost of industrialized production of graphene products and find the preparation conditions of graphene composite materials that are more suitable for industrial production.
Simulation Analysis of Thermoplastic Composites on Suspension Brackets of Electric Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Wang Haixia , Zhai Naibin , Li Hongliang , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lightweight is more important in electric commercial vehicles, the static simulation analysis is first carried out on the suspension system bracket using the material of steel under three working conditions in this paper. Taking the suspension system bracket connection plate as an example, the bracket connecting plate model of the suspension system is established with thermoplastic composite materials, which is nine-layer three-dimensional model. The pre-processing, solving and post-processing procedures of the stress analysis of the part are introduced, and the stress distribution of different layers is obtained. Results show that the maximum stress of the steel bracket of the suspension system under three working conditions of triple gravity, acceleration of gravity adding steering inertia, acceleration of gravity adding braking inertia are 189.22, 92.48, and 156.9Mpa for steel, which are all less than the ultimate stress of 235Mpa. The maximum stress of each layer of the thermoplastic composite connecting plate meets the design requirements. In the case of the same ply angle, the bottom layer will bear less and less stress, the base layer will bear very little stress, and the main stress will be borne by the reinforcing material, support is provided for the application of thermoplastic composite materials on automobile chassis.
Application of Ecological Technology of Concrete Retaining Wall in Urban Dyke
Authors: Yuan Yimei , Liu Kun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Traditional concrete and mortar-masonry retaining walls are mature, safe and reliable, widely used in urban river embankment, and play a great role in disaster prevention and mitigation in towns. However, such retaining walls lack of ecological characteristics. In order to give the traditional concrete and mortar-masonry retaining walls ecological characteristics and provide conditions for the unfortunate people who fell into the water to rescue themselves and go ashore, two traditional retaining wall ecological technologies were invented, which are suitable for new retaining walls and existing retaining walls. When the new retaining wall is built, the slope ratio of the wall should be appropriately slowed down and several rows of planting grooves should be arranged. For the retaining wall that has been built, the planting groove is anchored on the wall. Landscape plants are selected and planted in the planting groove, and automatic irrigation system is arranged according to the needs. The engineering application shows that applying these two technologies to river improvement projects at the same time can form a full coverage of ecological beauty on the water-side wall of the traditional retaining wall. People who fall into the water can climb on the planting trough and wait for rescue, or climb along the planting trough to reach the goal of harmonious coexistence between people and water.