bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of contrast-enhanced CT texture analysis in predicting IDH mutation status of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yong , Mao Yingfan , Chen Jun , Qiu Yudong , Guan Yue , Wang Zhongqiu , He Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo explore the value of contrast-enhanced CT texture analysis in predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs). Institutional review board approved this study. Contrast-enhanced CT images of 138 ICC patients (21 with IDH mutation and 117 without IDH mutation) were retrospectively reviewed. Texture analysis was performed for each lesion and compared between ICCs with and without IDH mutation. All textural features in each phase and combinations of textural features (p < 0.05) by Mann–Whitney U tests were separately used to train multiple support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. The classification generalizability and performance were evaluated using a tenfold cross-validation scheme. Among plain, arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (VP), equilibrium phase (EP) and Sig classifiers, VP classifier showed the highest accuracy of 0.863 (sensitivity, 0.727; specificity, 0.885), with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.813 in predicting IDH mutation in validation cohort. Texture features of CT images in portal venous phase could predict IDH mutation status of ICCs with SVM classifier preoperatively.
Targeted memory reactivation in REM but not SWS selectively reduces arousal responses
Authors: Hutchison Isabel C. , Pezzoli Stefania , Tsimpanouli Maria-Efstratia , Abdellahi Mahmoud E. A. , Pobric Gorana , Hulleman Johann , Lewis Penelope A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that sleep can help to decouple the memory of emotional experiences from their associated affective charge. This process is thought to rely on the spontaneous reactivation of emotional memories during sleep, though it is still unclear which sleep stage is optimal for such reactivation. We examined this question by explicitly manipulating memory reactivation in both rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and testing the impact of this manipulation on habituation of subjective arousal responses across a night. Our results show that TMR during REM, but not SWS significantly decreased subjective arousal, and this effect is driven by the more negative stimuli. These results support one aspect of the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis which proposes that emotional memory reactivation during REM sleep underlies sleep-dependent habituation.
A genome-scale CRISPR Cas9 dropout screen identifies synthetically lethal targets in SRC-3 inhibited cancer cells
Authors: Gilad Yosi , Eliaz Yossi , Yu Yang , Dean Adam M. , Han San Jung , Qin Li , O’Malley Bert W. , Lonard David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSteroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/NCoA3/AIB1), is a key regulator of gene transcription and it plays a central role in breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. Beyond its function as an important regulator of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity, SRC-3 also functions as a coactivator for a wide range of other transcription factors, suggesting SRC-3 inhibition can be beneficial in hormone-independent cancers as well. The recent discovery of a potent SRC-3 small molecule inhibitor, SI-2, enabled the further development of additional related compounds. SI-12 is an improved version of SI-2 that like SI-2 has anti-proliferative activity in various cancer types, including BC. Here, we sought to identify gene targets, that when inhibited in the presence of SI-12, would lead to enhanced BC cell cytotoxicity. We performed a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen in MCF-7 BC cells under conditions of pharmacological pressure with SI-12. A parallel screen was performed with an ER inhibitor, fulvestrant, to shed light on both common and distinct activities between SRC-3 and ERα inhibition. Bearing in mind the key role of SRC-3 in tumorigenesis of other types of cancer, we extended our study by validating potential hits identified from the MCF-7 screen in other cancer cell lines.
Warming impacts potential germination of non-native plants on the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bokhorst Stef , Convey Peter , Casanova-Katny Angélica , Aerts Rien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula is under pressure from non-native plants and this risk is expected to increase under climate warming. Establishment and subsequent range expansion of non-native plants depend in part on germination ability under Antarctic conditions, but quantifying these processes has yet to receive detailed study. Viability testing and plant growth responses under simulated Antarctic soil surface conditions over an annual cycle show that 16 non-native species, including grasses, herbs, rushes and a succulent, germinated and continued development under a warming scenario. Thermal germination requirement (degree day sum) was calculated for each species and field soil-temperature recordings indicate that this is satisfied as far south as 72° S. Here, we show that the establishment potential of non-native species, in number and geographical range, is considerably greater than currently suggested by species distribution modelling approaches, with important implications for risk assessments of non-native species along the Antarctic Peninsula.
Photonic bandgap engineering using second-order supersymmetry
Authors: Chandra Nitish , Litchinitser Natalia M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFirst-order supersymmetry (SUSY) adapted from quantum physics to optics manipulates the transverse refractive index of guided-wave structures using a nodeless ground state to obtain intended modal content. Second-order SUSY can be implemented using excited states as a seed function, even with the presence of nodes. We apply second-order SUSY to the coupled-mode equations by recasting them as the Dirac equation. This enables the engineering of non-uniform surface corrugation of waveguide gratings and coupling potential, which encapsulates the Bragg interaction between counterpropagating modes. We show that the added bound states appear as transmission resonances inside the bandgap of the finite grating. The probability density of each state provides the longitudinal modal energy distribution in the waveguide grating. The smooth modal energy distribution of the states obtained by SUSY can mitigate longitudinal spatial hole burning in high power laser operation. We demonstrate that degenerate second-order SUSY allows the insertion of two states, which can coalesce into Friedrich-Wintgen type bound states in the continuum (BIC) for one-dimensional grating. We show that the eigenfunctions of BIC states are doubly degenerate with opposite parity, and the corresponding transmission resonances have phase changes of 2π across these states. One-dimensional BIC states can find application as robust high-speed all-optical temporal integrators by lifting restrictions on the length of various sections in the phase-shifted grating.
Optimal probes for global quantum thermometry
Authors: Mok Wai-Keong , Bharti Kishor , Kwek Leong-Chuan , Bayat Abolfazl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantum thermodynamics has emerged as a separate sub-discipline, revising the concepts and laws of thermodynamics, at the quantum scale. In particular, there has been a disruptive shift in the way thermometry, and thermometers are perceived and designed. Currently, we face two major challenges in quantum thermometry. First, all of the existing optimally precise temperature probes are local, meaning their operation is optimal only for a narrow range of temperatures. Second, aforesaid optimal local probes mandate complex energy spectrum with immense degeneracy, rendering them impractical. Here, we address these challenges by formalizing the notion of global thermometry leading to the development of optimal temperature sensors over a wide range of temperatures. We observe the emergence of different phases for such optimal probes as the temperature interval is increased. In addition, we show how the best approximation of optimal global probes can be realized in spin chains, implementable in ion traps and quantum dots.
Urban change as an untapped opportunity for climate adaptation
Authors: Egerer Monika , Haase Dagmar , McPhearson Timon , Frantzeskaki Niki , Andersson Erik , Nagendra Harini , Ossola Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrban social–ecological–technological systems (SETS) are dynamic and respond to climate pressures. Change involves alterations to land and resource management, social organization, infrastructure, and design. Research often focuses on how climate change impacts urban SETS or on the characteristics of urban SETS that promote climate resilience. Yet passive approaches to urban climate change adaptation may disregard active SETS change by urban residents, planners, and policymakers that could be opportunities for adaptation. Here, we use evidence of urban social, ecological, and technological change to address how SETS change opens windows of opportunity to improve climate change adaptation.
Spatially-resolved insulator-metal transition for rewritable optical gratings
Authors: Chen Yuliang , Hu Changlong , Xie Liyan , Zhou Xiaoyu , Li Bowen , Ren Hui , Li Liang , Zhang Guobin , Jiang Jun , Zou Chongwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptical relief gratings are usually composed of physical grooves with a constant periodicity, and typically suffer from light scattering, are mechanically fragile and are single function. Here, we develop WO3-based gratings by using a recently reported electron-proton synergistic doping route under ambient conditions. This doping strategy is compatible with conventional ultraviolet photolithography, and we show that it induces a selective insulator-metal phase transition and coloration in WO3, with spatial-resolution up to micron-scale. Due to the electrochromic-induced-contrast, a WO3volume phase grating without grooves and a WO3relief grating with tunable periodicity are demonstrated. Both gratings can be rewritten after a reset procedure by annealing in air. Our experiments demonstrate WO3–based gratings and an attractive technique for rewritable oxides.
Cooperative Hydrogen Atom Transfer: From Theory to Applications
Authors: West Julian G. , Kattamuri Padmanabha V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is one of the fundamental transformations of organic chemistry, allowing the interconversion of open- and closed-shell species through the concerted movement of a proton and an electron. Although the value of this transformation is well appreciated in isolation, with it being used for homolytic C–H activation via abstractive HAT and radical reduction via donative HAT, cooperative HAT (cHAT) reactions, in which two hydrogen atoms are removed or donated to vicinal reaction centers in succession through radical intermediates, are comparatively unknown outside of the mechanism of desaturase enzymes. This tandem reaction scheme has important ramifications in the thermochemistry of each HAT, with the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the C–H bond adjacent to the radical center being significantly lowered relative to that of the parent alkane, allowing each HAT to be performed by different species. Herein, we discuss the thermodynamic basis of this bond strength differential in cHAT and demonstrate its use as a design principle in organic chemistry for both dehydrogenative (application 1) and hydrogenative (application 2) reactions. We hope that this overview will highlight the exciting reactivity that is possible with cHAT and inspire further developments with this mechanistic approach.1	Introduction and Theory2	Application: Dehydrogenative Transformations3	Application: Alkene Hydrogenation4	Future Applications of cHAT
Utilizing a Professionalism Mentor to Address Sexual Harassment in Academic Ophthalmology
Authors: Cabrera Michelle T. , Christopher Karen L. , Collins Megan E. , Ing Eliesa , Sun Grace , Pettey Jeff H. , Simon Shira S. , Sridhar Jayanth , Soohoo Jeffrey R. , Simpson Rachel G. , Ding Leona , Pineles Stacy L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective This study assesses a new departmental role—a professionalism mentor—who receives sexual harassment reporting, liaisons with campus resources, and organizes educational sessions.
Study Design Multicenter randomized controlled survey study.
Methods Academic ophthalmology departments in the United States were randomized to a professionalism mentor group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 7). Among both pre- and postsurveys, 605 faculty and trainee responses were received and 546 were complete. The intervention group was assigned a professionalism mentor with educational session for a 6- to 10-month period. Sexual harassment and reporting rate change over time were compared between the two groups.
Results Among 546 anonymous responses, 16% experienced workplace sexual harassment during the prior 10 months. Location in the South or Midwest was a risk factor (p < 0.001). Victims were mostly women (76%), including residents/fellows (46%) and academic attendings (49%); perpetrators included patients (35%) and academic attendings (35%). Departments with and without a professionalism mentor had stable harassment from pre- to postsurvey (p = 0.95 comparing change). The professionalism mentor group had an increase in reporting to an authority from pre- to postsurvey (7–23%), whereas the control group had a decrease (27–12%; p = 0.07 comparing change). Most faculty and trainees in the interventional arm of this study recommended instituting a professionalism mentor with educational session (66% presurvey and 68% postsurvey), compared with educational session alone (25% presurvey and 23% postsurvey), or neither (9% presurvey and 9% postsurvey). Residency program directors in the professionalism mentor group even more strongly supported instituting both a professionalism mentor and educational program (100% presurvey and 100% postsurvey) as opposed to educational program alone (0% presurvey and 0% postsurvey) or neither (0% presurvey and 0% postsurvey).
Conclusion This study identified a high sexual harassment rate in academic ophthalmology departments over a brief period. The presence of a professionalism mentor was viewed favorably and may lead to increased reporting.
Effect of thermal annealing on photoexcited carriers in nitrogen-ion-implanted β-Ga2O3 crystals detected by photocurrent measurement
Authors: Nakanishi Masahiko , Wong Man Hoi , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Honda Tohru , Higashiwaki Masataka , Onuma Takeyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Acceptor impurity doping is recognized as a functional tool to extend the capabilities and applications of β-Ga2O3. The effect of thermal annealing on photoexcited carriers was characterized by measuring the photocurrent spectra of nitrogen (N)-ion-implanted β-Ga2O3 crystals, where the N was found to cause less crystal damage to the crystal and much lower thermal diffusivity than Mg. The photocurrent intensity at 4.5–5.5 eV showed an increase with an increase in external bias, and the increase was attributed to the photo-generated non-equilibrium electrons and holes. The spectra under a positive external bias showed a distinct onset at 3.0–3.5 eV owing to optical transitions involving deep donor levels formed by the N-implantation. Spectrally integrated responsivity showed a significant change with the annealing temperature by reflecting the recovery of crystallinity and the thermal activation of N impurities. The results also indicate the formation of additional nonradiative recombination centers due to N-implantation.
Simulation of simple 2D plasma jet model for NO, OH, and H2O2 production via Multiphysics in laminar flow and transport of diluted species through design of experiment method
Authors: Vichiansan Norrapon , Leksakul Komgrit , Chaopaisarn Poti , Boonyawan Dheerawan 
Published: March 2021

The plasma jet technique, a popular method for generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through an inert gas (such as Ar) mixed with air, was investigated. A plasma jet model was developed from a selection of statistical data, and the resulting NO, OH, and H2O2 concentrations were examined. The objective of the study was to establish a simple 2D plasma jet module and to mathematically understand the involved chemical reactions through the Multiphysics (finite element method) program. Determination of optimized conditions via the design of experiment method was performed. To create new responses, three nominal concentrations (NO, OH, and H2O2) were used to measure the performance of the species product. A full factorial design based on two levels, or 23 runs, with three central points and two replications was employed in the simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software. The main effects and interactions between the variables were identified for three main parameters: gas velocities of 40–70 m/s, plasma gaps of 10–30 mm, and simulation times of 2.8–4 ms. These parameters were selected to unravel design possibilities with external variables, which can significantly contribute to the process of designing a prototype of a cell-scaled plasma jet model.
A RIPK1-regulated inflammatory microglial state in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mifflin Lauren , Hu Zhirui , Dufort Connor , Hession Cynthia C. , Walker Alec J. , Niu Kongyan , Zhu Hong , Liu Nan , Liu Jun S. , Levin Joshua Z. , Stevens Beth , Yuan Junying , Zou Chengyu 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. Inhibition of RIPK1, a kinase which regulates cell death and neuroinflammation, has been efficacious in treating mouse models of ALS. RIPK1 inhibitors have reached phase 2 clinical trials in ALS patients. Here, we explore the impact of RIPK1 inhibition on microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in ALS mouse models. We find that there is a subclass of microglia which produces proinflammatory cytokines in a RIPK1-dependent manner, and that this population is reduced by RIPK1 inhibition. We believe that these inflammatory microglia are a hallmark of ALS which may be clinically relevant in advancing RIPK1 inhibitors as a potential ALS therapy.
Contextual congruency and novel metaphor integration
Authors: Ahrens Kathleen , Gong Shu-Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to further our understanding of how novel metaphor sentences are processed at a discourse level.
Previous studies have focused on contextual issues during the processing of sentences containing conventional metaphors, with the effect of
context on sentences with novel metaphors less studied. Accordingly, we determined the effects of contextual congruency on novel metaphor
sentences in short texts by conducting two on-line reading experiments. We adopted Conceptual Mapping Model in order to create sentences
with two types of novel metaphor (1) sentences with novel metaphors that follow mapping principles (considered to be comparatively less
novel) and (2) sentences with novel metaphors that do not follow mapping principles (considered to be comparatively more novel). In
Experiment 1, conventional metaphor scenarios were preceded by congruent novel metaphor sentences following mapping principles and those not
following mapping principles. In Experiment 2, conventional metaphor scenarios were preceded by incongruent novel metaphor sentences
following mapping principles and those not following mapping principles. Results showed that congruent novel metaphor sentences following
mapping principles were read faster than those not following mapping principles in conventional metaphor scenarios (Experiment 1), while
there was a marginal difference in reading times between incongruent novel metaphor sentences following and those not following mapping
principles, but not in the expected direction (Experiment 2). Our research supports previous work that shows that congruency plays a large
role in assimilating new information, and also provides further evidence for the role of mapping principles in the creation and processing
of novel metaphors.
Metonymy
Authors: Jing-Schmidt Zhuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with metonymy as a cognitive mechanism underlying our best and worst instincts. In particular, I consider two seemingly opposite processes of metonymy: (1) conceptual bypassing of sensory percepts, which leads to an intuitive leap to abstract insights and judgments and (2) conceptual oversimplification of a social category by stereotyping. By directing attention to that which metonymy is apt to obscure, I encourage the reader to rethink existing models of metonymy that focus on its referential and mental access functions. I offer an complementary account of the functions of metonymy by arguing that mental simplism is central to conceptual bypassing and social stereotyping and by pointing out the social psychological reality of an expressive function of metonymy.
Metaphors and their semantic predictability in dyadic interaction
Authors: Du Shihong , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhilosophy of dialogue is primarily concerned with the relation of I to you, alternatively as the I-and-you (I ⇄ you) sphere of relation, in Martin Buber’s terminology, on the basis of primary words such as I, you, and it. It is convincingly held that the primary words do not refer to or denote or signify things but they intimate human relations. Grounded on primary words, metaphorical expressions are created to bridge over the cognition gaps encountered in the process of dyadic interaction between I and you. To interpret the spontaneously created metaphorical expressions has become intuitive responses frequenting the participants I and you in the ongoing dyadic interaction. In what way I and you collaboratively predict the meaning of metaphorical expressions is an ontological question which might be tackled from the perspective of epistemology. Therefore, it is in epistemology assumed that the semantic predictability of metaphorical expressions in any dyadic interaction can be conceptually realized by means of the four types of coherence in dialogism such as dictional coherence, emotional coherence, intentional coherence and rational coherence. The four types of coherence might be created saliently either in combination with each other or in isolation. No matter what kind of salience is identified, the I-and-you sphere of relation has at most sixteen channels for predicting the semantics of metaphor created in actual dyadic interaction.
Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed).
Authors: Iamonico Duilio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. trifida is an annual herb native to temperate North America which is now present in a number of countries in Europe and Asia. The primary means of spread of A. trifida occurs accidentally as a contaminant of seed or agricultural equipment. This species readily colonises disturbed areas and is often one of the first plants to emerge in early spring. As a result it has an initial competitive advantage and can therefore behave as a dominant species throughout the entire growing season. A. trifida is a particular problem for cultivated agricultural and horticultural crops where it can significantly decrease yields. Like many species of Ambrosia, A. trifida produces pollen which is allergenic and can induce allergic rhinitis, fever, or dermatitis. A. trifida is extremely competitive and can also decrease native biodiversity. A. trifida is a declared noxious weed in its native range in California, Delaware, Illinois and New Jersey, USA and is also a quarantine weed in Poland and Russia.