bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simon Gerber: Aus der Editionswerkstatt: Schleiermachers Praktische Theologie – Frerichs’ Ausgabe in ihre Quellen zerlegt
Authors: Gerber Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 1850, Jacob Frerichs produced the first and until now the only edition of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s important lectures on Practical Theology. It is a mix and compilation of students’ transcripts from six different semesters, redundant and at times contradictory, which doesn’t correspond to Schleiermacher’s actual lectures. Most of the transcripts used by Frerichs are still preserved and have now been evaluated for a new edition of Schleiermacher’s Practical Theology. This article disassembles Frerichs’ edition into its components giving evidence for every text passage from which source Frerichs took it.
Neurochemically and Hodologically Distinct Ascending VGLUT3 versus Serotonin Subsystems Comprise the r2-Pet1Median Raphe
Authors: Senft Rebecca A. , Freret Morgan E. , Sturrock Nikita , Dymecki Susan M. 
Published: February 2021

Brainstem median raphe (MR) neurons expressing the serotonergic regulator genePet1send collateralized projections to forebrain regions to modulate affective, memory-related, and circadian behaviors. SomePet1neurons express a surprisingly incomplete battery of serotonin pathway genes, with somata lacking transcripts for tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] synthesis, but abundant for vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (Vglut3) encoding a synaptic vesicle-associated glutamate transporter. Genetic fate maps show these nonclassical, putatively glutamatergicPet1neurons in the MR arise embryonically from the same progenitor cell compartment—hindbrain rhombomere 2 (r2)—as serotonergic TPH2+MRPet1neurons. Well established is the distribution of efferents en masse from r2-derived,Pet1-neurons; unknown is the relationship between these efferent targets and the specific constituent source-neuron subgroups identified as r2-Pet1Tph2-highversus r2-Pet1Vglut3-high. Using male and female mice, we found r2-Pet1axonal boutons segregated anatomically largely by serotonin+versus VGLUT3+identity. The former present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, and olfactory bulb; the latter are found in the hippocampus, cortex, and septum. Thus r2-Pet1Tph2-highand r2-Pet1Vglut3-highneurons likely regulate distinct brain regions and behaviors. Some r2-Pet1boutons encased interneuron somata, forming specialized presynaptic “baskets” of VGLUT3+or VGLUT3+/5-HT+identity; this suggests that some r2-Pet1Vglut3-highneurons may regulate local networks, perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Fibers from otherPet1neurons (non-r2-derived) were observed in many of these same baskets, suggesting multifaceted regulation. Collectively, these findings inform brain organization and new circuit nodes for therapeutic considerations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur findings match axonal bouton neurochemical identity with distant cell bodies in the brainstem raphe. The results are significant because they suggest that disparate neuronal subsystems derive fromPet1+precursor cells of the embryonic progenitor compartment rhombomere 2 (r2). Of these r2-Pet1neuronal subsystems, one appears largely serotonergic, as expected given expression of the serotonergic regulator PET1, and projects to the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Another expresses VGLUT3, suggesting principally glutamate transmission, and projects to the hippocampus, septum, and cortex. Some r2-Pet1boutons—those that are VGLUT3+or VGLUT3+/5-HT+co-positive—comprise “baskets” encasing interneurons, suggesting that they control local networks perhaps with differential kinetics via glutamate versus serotonin signaling. Results inform brain organization and circuit nodes for therapeutic consideration.
Age-dependent sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Koek W N H , Campos-Obando N , van der Eerden B C J , de Rijke Y B , Ikram M A , Uitterlinden A G , van Leeuwen J P T M , Zillikens M C 
Published: February 2021

Background
Sex differences in calcium and phosphate have been observed. We aimed to assess a relation with age.

Methods
We used the laboratory values of serum calcium, phosphate and albumin from three different samples ( 2005, 2010 and 2014 years) using the hospital information system of Erasmus MC, Rotterdam. The samples were divided into three age groups: 1–17, 18–44 and ≥45 years. Sex differences in calcium and phosphate were analyzed using ANCOVA, adjusting for age and serum albumin. Furthermore, sex by age interactions were determined and we analyzed differences between age groups stratified by sex.

Results
In all three samples there was a significant sex × age interaction for serum calcium and phosphate, whose levels were significantly higher in women compared to men above 45 years. No sex differences in the younger age groups were found. In men, serum calcium and phosphate levels were highest in the youngest age group compared to age groups of 18–44 and ≥45 years. In women, serum calcium levels were significantly higher in the age group 1–17 and the age group ≥45 years compared to the 18–44 years age group. In women, serum phosphate was different between the three different age groups with highest level in the group 1–17 years and lowest in the group 18–44 years.

Conclusion
There are age- dependent sex differences in serum calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, we found differences in serum calcium and phosphate between different age groups. Underlying mechanisms for these age- and sex- differences are not yet fully elucidated.
Systems analysis of the “weights” of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway establishes a predictor for best drug combination ratio
Authors: Guo Zongwei , Yin Fangkui , Wang Peiran , Song Ting , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundInhibitors of B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family proteins have shown hope as antitumor drugs. While the notion that it is efficient to coordinate, balance, and neutralize both arms of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family has been validated in many cancer cells, the weights of the two arms contributing to apoptosis inhibition have not been explored. This study analyzed the best combination ratio for different Bcl‐2 selective inhibitors.MethodsWe used a previously established mathematical model to study the weights of Bcl‐2 (representing both Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL in this study) and myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1). Correlation and single‐parameter sensitivity analysis were used to find the major molecular determinants for Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 dependency, as well as their weights. Biological experiments were used to verify the mathematical model.ResultsBcl‐2 protein level and Mcl‐1 protein level, production, and degradation rates were the major molecular determinants for Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 dependency. The model gained agreement with the experimental assays for ABT‐737/A‐1210477 and ABT‐737/compound 5 combination effect in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. Two sets of equations composed of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 levels were obtained to predict the best combination ratio for Bcl‐2 inhibitors with Mcl‐1 inhibitors that stabilize and downregulate Mcl‐1, respectively.ConclusionsThe two sets of equations can be used as tools to bypass time‐consuming and laborious experimental screening to predict the best drug combination ratio for treatment.
Gut microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel diseases and ankylosing spondilytis
Authors: Cardoneanu Anca , Mihai Catalina , Rezus Elena , Burlui Alexandra , Popa Iolanda , Cijevschi Prelipcean Cristina 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can be considered chronic immune disorders sharing common etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which can lead to an abnormal mucosal response, could be the missing link between these two diseases. Our study evaluate the composition of intestinal microbiota and to characterize gut dysbiosis in patients with IBD and AS.
Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study that enrolled 124 patients [20 Crohn’s disease (CD), 27 ulcerative colitis (UC), 28 AS, 17 IBD + AS and 32 controls). Intestinal microbiota analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in stool samples.
Results: The total quantity of bacteria was decreased in all investigated groups compared to the control group. In studied groups, we noticed an increased percentage of Bacteroides and Escherichia coli (E.coli) and a decreased percentage of Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii compared to the control group. The percentages of Bifidobacterium (p=0.010) as well as Lactobacillus group (p=0.023) were higher in the L3 form of CD patients. In the E2 form of UC, the quantity of Bacteroides was much higher compared to the E3 form (p=0.004). In AS patients, significant correlations were observed only for the Bifidobacterium species, significantly increased in the axial form compared to peripheral disease (p=0.035). Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between the Crohn Disease Activity Index score and the total bacterial group (p=0.023, r=-0.507), respectively Bacteroides (p=0.021, r=-0.511) and between the Mayo score and Lactobacillus (p=0.001), respectively E. coli (p=0.001). In IBD + AS group, the Crohn Disease Activity Index score was inversely correlated with the total bacterial group (p=0.010) and directly correlated with Lactobacillus (p=0.047).
Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with both IBD and AS. In the association of IBD with AS, dysbiosis is intermediate, but it is associated with the more severe articular disease. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (commonly used as probiotics!) were found to be increased in the association between active IBD and active AS. Further studies are needed to understand how dysbiosis regulates the gut immune system and contributes to intestinal and articular inflammation.
Adipopenia Is the Rapid Screening Tool that Best Predicts Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: De Luca Massimo , Addario Luigi , Lombardi Anna , Imparato Michele , Fontanella Luca , Addario Marco , Picascia Desiree , Di Costanzo Giovan Giuseppe , Ascione Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) often have malnutrition (MN), which can be associated with decompensation, infection, and death. The aims were to determine: the prevalence of MN in patients with LC and ascites, its impact on mortality, and the relationship between MN and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
Methods: Nutritional status (NS) was analysed in cirrhotic patients, experiencing their first episode of ascites, who were consecutively admitted at two clinical liver centres between November 2014 and October 2016. The participants underwent diagnostic paracentesis and were followed up to assess their outcomes.
Results: 110 participants underwent NS assessment in addition to routine clinical procedures. The prevalence of MN was 30.9% according to corrected body mass index, 67.3% according to upper mid-arm muscle area (UMA) and 40% according to upper mid-arm fat area (UFA). The percentages of the participants remaining alive were 68.1% at 3 months, 59.3% at 6 months, 45.1% at 12 months and 24.2% at the end of the study. Univariate analysis showed that SBP, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), UFA, UMA and age were significantly associated with mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that only SBP, MELD and UFA (hazard ratio 2.2) were independently associated with mortality. There was a correlation between adipopenia, but not sarcopenia, and SBP.
Conclusions: Adipopenia, as assessed by UFA, was present in 40% of the cirrhotic patients, and it was independently associated with mortality.
Application of hyperspectral imaging to detect toxigenic Fusarium infection on cornmeal
Authors: Parrag V. , Gillay Z. , Kovács Z. , Zitek A. , Böhm K. , Hinterstoisser B. , Krska R. , Sulyok M. , Felföldi J. , Firtha F. , Baranyai L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne of the most important food safety issues is the detection of mycotoxins, the ubiquitous, natural contaminants in cereals. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a new method in food science, it can be used to predict non-destructively the changes in composition and distribution of compounds. That is why, in the last decade, the potential of HSI has been evaluated in many fields of food science, including mycotoxin research.The aim of the recent study was to test the feasibility of HSI for the differentiation according to the toxin content of cornmeal samples inoculated with Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium culmorum and samples with natural levels of mycotoxins. Samples were measured in the near infrared wavelength range of 900–1,700 nm and mean spectra of selected regions of interest of each image were pre-treated using Savitzky-Golay smoothing and standard normal variate (SNV) method. On the spectra, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out according to the level of contamination. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was used to predict deoxynivalenol (DON) content of samples and the cumulative toxin content: the sum of fumonisins (FB1, FB2) and DON content of samples. Based on the promising results of the study, HSI has the potential to be used as a preliminary testing method for mycotoxin content in feed materials.
Classroom Environment in Public Schools: Towards a more Reflective Teaching
Authors: Quintero Josefina , Infante Castaño Gloria Esperanza , Valencia Roncancio Yeimy Paola 
Published: February 2021

The primary goal of this paper is to examine the classroom environment in Colombian public schools based on the trainee teachers’ reflective views when undertaking practicum day-to-day experiences during the final stage of their professional studies. The most important theoretical concepts are based on critical thinking, reflective teaching, and classroom management. The method follows the qualitative research approach, catching a deeper comprehension of the classroom as a complex setting where the teaching-learning processes are carried out according to the curriculum guidelines. Through diaries, observations, narratives, interviewsand meaningful strategies, trainee teachers were able to obtain a more in-depth perception to reach a high level of critical reflections in dealing with the most common academic misconduct episodes which perturb a healthy atmosphere inside the classroom. The results are discussed in relation to the most frequent obstacles, the reasons why they emerge and the implications on the school life. Beyond the mechanical task of planning, developing, and evaluating a class, the challenge of helping the most undisciplined students requires a deep process of reflection, critical thinking, and effective solutions in the light of current international theories andnational education policies concerning teacher preparation goals.
In bitches, is ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by laparoscopy less painful postoperatively than by midline open laparotomy?
Authors: Webb Chris , Deutsch Julia 
Published: February 2021

PICO question
In bitches, is an ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by laparoscopy superior to an ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by a midline surgical laparotomy in causing less postoperative pain?
Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Seven papers were critically appraised. They comprised of three blinded randomised controlled trials, two non-blinded randomised controlled trials and two non-blinded non-randomised controlled trials
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
In bitches, ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by laparoscopy is superior to ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by a midline laparotomy in causing less postoperative pain
Conclusion
Despite the widely held belief that laparoscopic surgery is associated with less postoperative pain, the available veterinary literature only provides weak evidence to support this in bitches undergoing ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy. There are many uncontrolled variables to consider across these underpowered studies including surgeon number (and experience), the choice of perioperative analgesia, method of pain scoring and the laparoscopic technique. It is therefore clear that laparoscopic procedures cannot be viewed equally and the strength of the answer to the clinical question may change based upon these variables. It is also important to note that the incidence of complications or the effect of the above variables on postoperative pain have not been critically reviewed and warrant careful consideration when deciding on a laparoscopic approach

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
PENGARUH SUPPLY BATUBARA E4900 TERHADAP KETERCAPAIAN TARGET BARGING PADA JETTY KELANIS 1 DAN KELANIS 3 PT ADARO INDONESIA DESA KELANIS KECAMATAN MENGKATIP
Authors: Bangalino Andreas Bayu , Triantoro Agus , Mustofa Adip 
Published: February 2021

Adanya indikasi perbedaan pencapaian target total outloading kuantitas batubara E4900 dengan realisasi yang tercapai ditahun 2016 perlu dilakukan analisa pencapaian target pada masing-masing jetty dimana target outloading yang sudah direncanakan tidak tercapai, sehingga perlu diketahui ketersediaan batubara pada stockpile dan perlu diketahui target yang tidak tercapai dan bagaimana solusi untuk menyelesaikannya.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelian ini adalah perbandingan rencana outloading dan realisasi outloading tahun 2016Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisa pencapaian kuantias batubara E4900 di jetty K1 dan K3, Analisa faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian kuantitas batubara E4900 pada jetty K1 dan K3. Analisa yang digunakan untuk pencapaian kualitas batubara E4900 yaitu analisa pada tonnase stockpile, analisa pada suplai pada tambang dan analisa jam kerja yang ada pada Jetty K1 dan jetty K3.Kuantitas batubara E 4900 pada proses kegiatan outloading pada jetty K1 memiliki pencapaian yang lebih besar dibandingkan pencapaiann jetty K3 meskipun kemampuan jetty lebih besar K3 dibandingkan jetty K1. Adanya jam kerja yang ada pada kedua jetty dimana pada jetty K3 jam kerja yang rendah dibandingkan jetty K1 sehinggai mempengaruhi pencapaian kegiatan outloading jetty K3. Faktor yang mempengaruhi ketercapaian outloading pada lokasi jetty K3 adalah adanya hambatan-hambatan seperti kerusakan alat mekanis sehingga jam kerja pada jetty K3 tidak maksimal dan terganggu sehingga perlu dilakukan simulasi jam kerja atau menghilangkan hambatan yang ada sehingga jam kerja pun tidak terganggu dan rencana outloading dapat tercapai. Kata-kata kunci: Batubara, Rencana, Realisasi, Outlaoding, Ketercapaian, Jetty
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT PELAPUKAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN BATUAN (STUDI KASUS PADA BATULEMPUNG DARI FORMASI WARUKIN)
Authors: Hanifah Dini Ayu , Santoso Eko , Kartini Kartini 
Published: February 2021

Penentuan tingkat pelapukan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang lebih sederhana dan sering digunakan serta dengan biaya yang terjangkau yaitu dengan pengamatan lapangan secara visual deskriptif dan pengujian di laboratorium berdasarkan uji UCS (Uniaxial Compressive Strength), Schmidt Hammer, dan PLI (Point Load Index). Metodologi yang dilakukan dan digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi, data tingkat pelapukan berdasarkan pengamatan secara deskripsi visual yang mengacu pada penelitian terdahulu, data uji sifat fisik batulempung, dimensi batulempung, nilai rebound dari alat schmidt hammer, dan nilai kuat tekan batulempung menggunakan alat UCS (uniaxial compressive strength) dari 10 sampel batulempung, serta nilai PLI. Berdasarkan pengamatan lapangan secara visual deskriptif adapun tingkat pelapukan batulempung dalam penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam tingkat pelapukan III (lapuk sedang), IV (lapuk kuat), dan V (lapuk sempurna) yang mewakili 10 sampel ( mengacu pada penelitian Sadisun dkk, 1998 ). Sedangkan berdasarkan nilai UCS yang didapatkan dari nilai kuat tekan tertinggi sampai terendah dari 10 sampel yaitu sebesar 3,39 MPa masuk ke dalam tingkat pelapukan III (lapuk sedang), 1,98 MPa masuk ke dalam tingkat pelapukan IV (lapuk kuat), serta 0,63 MPa masuk ke dalam tingkat pelapukan V (lapuk sempurna). Berdasarkan hasil dari nilai rebound yang didukung dengan penelitian menurut ahli Hencer dan Martin (1982), tingkat pelapukan batulempung dalam penelitian ini masuk ke dalam highly weathered (lapuk kuat) dengan nilai rebound rata-rata sebesar N<25. Dan berdasarkan dari nilai PLI tingkat pelapukan pada penelitian ini masuk ke dalam tingkat pelapukan III dan IV. Kata-kata kunci: tingkat pelapukan, uniaxial compressive strength, schmidt hammer, point load index
What is the Industrial Structure Changes of China?
Authors: Wang Yijie , Ke Yanyan , Ma Xianrui , Ren Yitian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although China has made great achievements in economic scale, the model of high-quality economic developments is still in the exploratory stage. A series problems, such as unreasonable industrial structure and low production efficiency, need to be resolved urgently. The transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is the inevitable choice. The analysis of industrial relations is an important method to reveal the internal mechanism of industrial structure change. Therefore, based on the concepts of sensitivity and influence coefficient, this paper proposed the concepts of driven and driving coefficient, and constructed the industrial complex networks of China from 1999 to 2013 according to the EORA input-output table. From the perspectives of the interaction power, industrial linkages and community structure, this paper systematically analyzes the evolution of China’s industrial structure. Results show that China’s industrial structure is undergoing a transformation from industry-oriented to industry-service-oriented. The interaction linkages between industries has formed a robust association structure. The traditional sectors such as infrastructure construction and industries are still the largest consumer group driving the development of other industries. Besides, light industry, infrastructure construction and finance have become increasingly important hub industries in the industrial system. However, some unbalanced community structures are formed in the economic system, which has resulted in a waste of resources and low production efficiency to a certain extent. Effectively grasping the relationship between China’s industrial structure evolution and its association is conducive to formulating economic restructuring policies, promoting the upgrading of China’s economic and, realizing the leap from quantitative change to qualitative change.