bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of POLST on treatment intensity at the end of life: A systematic review
Authors: Vranas Kelly C. , Plinke Wesley , Bourne Donald , Kansagara Devan , Lee Robert Y. , Kross Erin K. , Slatore Christopher G. , Sullivan Donald R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite its widespread implementation, it is unclear whether Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) are safe and improve the delivery of care that patients desire. We sought to systematically review the influence of POLST on treatment intensity among patients with serious illness and/or frailty.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of POLST and similar programs using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO, from inception through February 28, 2020. We included adults with serious illness and/or frailty with life expectancy <1 year. Primary outcomes included place of death and receipt of high‐intensity treatment (i.e., hospitalization in the last 30‐ and 90‐days of life, ICU admission in the last 30‐days of life, and number of care setting transitions in last week of life).ResultsAmong 104,554 patients across 20 observational studies, 27,090 had POLST. No randomized controlled trials were identified. The mean age of POLST users was 78.7 years, 55.3% were female, and 93.0% were white. The majority of POLST users (55.3%) had orders for comfort measures only. Most studies showed that, compared to full treatment orders on POLST, treatment limitations were associated with decreased in‐hospital death and receipt of high‐intensity treatment, particularly in pre‐hospital settings. However, in the acute care setting, a sizable number of patients likely received POLST‐discordant care. The overall strength of evidence was moderate based on eight retrospective cohort studies of good quality that showed a consistent, similar direction of outcomes with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes.ConclusionWe found moderate strength of evidence that treatment limitations on POLST may reduce treatment intensity among patients with serious illness. However, the evidence base is limited and demonstrates potential unintended consequences of POLST. We identify several important knowledge gaps that should be addressed to help maximize benefits and minimize risks of POLST.
An Exploratory Study of the Role of Birth Stories in Shaping Expectations for Childbirth among Nulliparous Black Women: Everybody is Different (but I'm Scared)
Authors: Reissig Michelle , Fair Cynthia , Houpt Bethany , Latham Vicki 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionBirth stories area source of information and vicarious experience for nulliparous women. Although health disparities research suggests that the childbirth experiences of Black women differ from those of white women, little research has been conducted about the nature of birth stories shared and their subsequent effect on expectations.MethodsPregnant nulliparous Black women were recruited from a women's health practice in the southeastern United States. Participants completed in‐depth semistructured interviews about the birth stories they had previously heard and their thoughts about their own upcoming birth experiences. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Researchers applied the traditions of thematic analysis to identify emergent themes.ResultsFourteen women participated in the study (mean age, 28 years). Women reported hearing birth stories from a variety of sources, most commonly mothers and friends. Stories heard generally included details about process, outcome, and social context that often acknowledged past racist hospital policies and experienced discrimination. Women were an active audience to birth stories and sought out stories from some sources, avoided stories from other sources, and used rhetorical strategies to mark stories as either more relatable or less relatable. Women's reported fears, expectations, and choices they planned to make reflected features of the birth stories that they had heard.DiscussionNulliparous women accessed and evaluated birth stories from others and applied knowledge received from those stories to their own experiences. Birth stories played an important role in shaping women's hopes, fears, expectations, and childbirth‐related choices. Health care providers should inquire about the birth stories shared with their patients to gain a sense of their childbirth desires and expectations. An appreciation for the importance of knowledge learned from birth stories has the potential to reduce maternal health disparities by improving patient‐provider communication through a shared understanding of the patient's goals and fears.
Antecedent infections in Guillain‐Barré syndrome in endemic areas of arbovirus transmission: A multinational case‐control study
Authors: Leonhard Sonja E. , Tan Cheng Yin , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Reisin Ricardo R. , Franken Suzanne C. , Huizinga Ruth , Arends Samuel , Batstra Manou R. , Bezerra Jeronimo Selma M. , Drenthen Judith , de Koning Laura , Leon Cejas Luciana , Marchesoni Cintia , Marques Wilson , Shahrizaila Nortina , Casas Dardo F. , Sotelo Andrea , Tillard Belen , Dourado Mario‐Emilio , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHalf of the world's population is at risk of arthropod‐borne virus (arbovirus) infections. Several arbovirus infections have been associated with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We investigated whether arboviruses are driving GBS beyond epidemic phases of transmission and studied the antibody response to glycolipids. The protocol of the International Guillain‐Barré syndrome Outcome Study (IGOS), an observational prospective cohort study, was adapted to a case‐control design. Serum samples were tested for a recent infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) virus, hepatitis E virus, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Campylobacter jejuni, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and for antibodies to glycolipids. Forty‐nine patients were included from Brazil (63%), Argentina (14%), and Malaysia (22%). Evidence of a recent infection was found in 27/49 (55%) patients: C jejuni (n = 15, 31%), M pneumoniae (n = 5, 10%), CHIKV (n = 2, 4%), EBV (n = 1, 2%), C jejuni and M pneumoniae (n = 2, 4%), CMV and DENV (n = 1, 2%), and C jejuni and DENV (n = 1, 2%). In 22 patients, 35 paired controls were collected. Odds ratio for recent infections did not significantly differ between cases and controls. No typical anti‐ganglioside antibody binding was associated with recent arbovirus infection. We conclude that arbovirus infections occur in GBS patients outside of epidemic viral transmission, although not significantly more than in controls. Broad infection and anti‐ganglioside antibody serology are important to establish the most likely pathogenic trigger in GBS patients. Larger studies are necessary to determine the association between arboviruses and GBS.
The partner market as a resource in couples' bargaining on housework division
Authors: Stauder Johannes , Röhlke Leo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyzes whether the relative partner market position is a resource of power in couples' bargaining on the division of housework.BackgroundMany studies explain men's persistently low housework contributions by their stronger relative economic resources in couples' exchanges. This article argues that a relatively higher number of alternative potential partners may act as an additional resource in this exchange because it affects the threat point of the bargaining process.MethodDyadic data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) are combined with partner market indicators from the project titled “The macrostructural context of the partner market: longitudinal dynamics” to estimate the effect of the relative partner market position on the division of housework by couples.ResultsA more favorable supply of potential partners to one partner than to the other corresponds to his/her lower housework contributions. However, a good relative partner market position is valuable for an individual's bargaining position only when he/she is also economically more attractive on the partner market than his/her partner.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate the relevance of the partner market for dyadic processes in couple relationships and support resource bargaining approaches.ImplicationsThe exogenous impact of the partner market on housework arrangements implies that the empirically observed association between partner market imbalances and relationship stability are not mere products of endogeneity but represent real impacts of the partner market.
Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is molecularly different from ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors
Authors: Coura Bruna Pizziolo , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Bernardes Vanessa Fátima , de Aquino Sibele Nascimento , Jorge Júnior Jacks , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Romañach Mário José , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid ameloblastoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm, histologically characterized by the presence of ameloblastoma‐like features, duct‐like structures, epithelial whorls, and cribriform architecture. Dentinoid material is usually present. Some advocate adenoid ameloblastoma is an ameloblastoma variant. However, there are overlapping features not only with ameloblastoma, but also with adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Most ameloblastomas are characterized by the presence of BRAF p.V600E mutations and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors harbor signature KRAS mutations. The molecular features of adenoid ameloblastoma remain unknown.MethodsNine adenoid ameloblastoma cases were screened by TaqMan allele‐specific qPCR to assess BRAF p.V600E, ameloblastoma signature mutation, and KRAS p.G12V and p.G12R, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor signature mutations.ResultsBRAF and KRAS mutations were not detected in any of the adenoid ameloblastoma cases.ConclusionThe molecular results support adenoid ameloblastoma as an entity distinct from adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma.
Integrating domain knowledge with machine learning to detect obstructive sleep apnea: Snore as a significant bio‐feature
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Ching , Wang Jung‐Der , Huang Po‐Hsien , Chien Yu‐Wen , Chiu Ching‐Ju , Lin Cheng‐Yu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryOur study’s main purpose is to emphasise the significance of medical knowledge of pathophysiology before machine learning. We investigated whether combining domain knowledge with machine learning results might increase accuracy and minimise the number of bio‐features used to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study analysed data on 36 self‐reported symptoms and 24 clinical features obtained from 3,495 patients receiving polysomnography at a regional hospital and a medical centre. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was used to evaluate patients with and without moderate or severe OSA using three prediction models on the basis of various estimation methods: the multiple logistic regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and neural network (NN) methods. Odds ratios stratified by gender and age were also measured to account for clinicians’ common sense. We discovered that adding the self‐reported snoring item improved the AUC by 0.01–0.10 and helped us to rapidly achieve the optimum level. The performance of four items (gender, age, body mass index [BMI], and snoring) was comparable with that of adding two or more items (neck and waist circumference) for predicting moderate to severe OSA (Apnea–Hypopnea Index ≥15 events/hr) in all three prediction models, demonstrating the medical knowledge value of pathophysiology. The four‐item test sample AUCs were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.83 for MLR, SVM, and NN, respectively. Participants with regular snoring and a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 had a greater chance of moderate to severe OSA according to the stratified adjusted odds ratios. Combining domain knowledge into machine learning could increase efficiency and enable primary care physicians to refer for an OSA diagnosis earlier.
Frost‐driven lower treelines in Angola and their implications for tropical forest–grassland mosaics
Authors: Finckh Manfred , Wendefeuer Janika , Meller Paulina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionsForest–grassland boundaries in the tropics are primarily interpreted as driven by fire and herbivory. So far, frost has received little attention as driver of tropical vegetation boundaries. Here, we study mid‐altitudes in south‐central Africa and ask the following questions: (a) is there a lower treeline between grasslands and forests on the Angolan Plateau; (b) if so, do topoclimatic differences play a role in it; and (c) what do our results imply for tropical highlands globally?LocationThe Angolan Plateau (10°–16°S and 13°–21° E).MethodsWe mapped vegetation by applying a supervised support vector machine‐based classification on a Landsat satellite image. We used a 1,000‐m spaced point grid to extract the mean vertical distribution of the vegetation units from a digital elevation model. The topographic position of each point was calculated using a channel network approach. Microclimatic data were collected across topographic gradients at two sites along the Plateau. Analyses focussed on the number of nights where temperature dropped below 0℃, median and minimum temperatures, and diurnal temperature ranges.ResultsLower treelines separate Miombo forests from geoxyle grasslands in all major valley systems. Treelines are located 150–200 m below the headwater divides. Nocturnal outgoing net long‐wave radiation and resulting cold‐air pooling cause frequent frosts in the valleys during the dry season. Topography controls frost patterns, with minima of down to −7.5℃ and diurnal temperature amplitudes up to 40℃.ConclusionsThe results show that vegetation patterns in central Angola are shaped by frost. The processes causing frost depend on air humidity. Drier atmosphere and lower global temperatures indicate a longer frost season, lower minima and frost extending to lower elevations and latitudes for the Pleistocene. Pleistocene forest fragmentations and the rise of endemism‐rich grasslands in comparable tropical highlands worldwide may be explained by crossing thermic thresholds via increasing seasonal aridity.
Fine‐scale hydrological niche segregation in coastal dune slacks
Authors: Dwyer Ciara , Pakeman Robin J. , Jones Laurence , van Willegen Lisanne , Hunt Natalie , Millett Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionsHydrological niche segregation is widespread and has been found across a range of different habitats. Different plant species can occupy distinct hydrological niches, and as a result fine‐scale variability in hydrology can structure plant communities. However, these patterns may not be as clear in habitats where differences in hydrology are more short‐lived, such as coastal dune slacks. We explored the extent that the hydrological regime structures dune slack plant communities.LocationAinsdale Coastal Sand Dune National Nature Reserve, UK.MethodsSix hundred quadrats were surveyed, 100 in each of six coastal dune slacks. Water table levels are recorded monthly in each slack. Metrics summarising hydrological regime were calculated and adjusted for each quadrat based on elevation. We tested the relationship between water table depth, plant communities and topography across and within dune slacks.ResultsHalf (three) of the slacks showed a significant influence of hydrology on plant community composition. The three that did not were the ones that varied least topographically and contained less diverse plant communities. We also provide indirect evidence of niche segregation by modelling species‐specific responses between mean water table depth and probability of species presence.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that hydrology is a dominant driver of plant community composition across dune slacks. However, plant communities are not always structured by hydrology, demonstrating the complexity of vegetation patterns. Topographic variation appears to impact plant community patterns, as do successional processes, highlighting the need to create diverse habitats for slack restoration and management.
Variables that intervene in the weight of rotifer biomass and fatty acids
Authors: Aguilar Samanamud Carla Patricia , Gaspar Wilmer , Inga Gheraldine , Flores Lennin , Sanchez Pedro , Hernandez Acevedo Hanna , Borda Soares Roberta , Olivera Galvez Alfredo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe biomass of rotifers is used as live food in aquaculture; their quality is determined by the content of the main polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weight it acquires over time. The objective of this work was to evaluate the variables involved in this process to achieve higher quality. Within the rotifer culture, the following evaluations were carried out nine times (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 hr); with two types of food TRA = 0 (Nannochloropsis oceanica) and TRA = 1 (N. oceanica + Isochrysis galbana); assessing three types of fatty acids (μg/g) eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n−3), docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n−3), and arachidonic (ARA; 20:4ω−6); and biomass weight in grams from 7,000 individuals per sample. The results showed that the maximum biomass weight was 77.5 g at 96 hr with the mixed treatment. In both treatments, the EPA and DHA fatty acid content exhibited the exact same temporal pattern, while ARA fatty acid was recorded during the entirety of the mixed treatment. The relationship of biomass weight over time versus the fatty acids exhibited significant differences in the mixed treatment, where an increasing trend over time is observed.
Associations between DNA methylation and telomere length during early life: Insight from wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Sheldon Elizabeth L. , Ton Riccardo , Boner Winnie , Monaghan Pat , Raveh Shirley , Schrey Aaron W. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTelomere length and DNA methylation (DNAm) are two promising biomarkers of biological age. Environmental factors and life history traits are known to affect variation in both these biomarkers, especially during early life, yet surprisingly little is known about their reciprocal association, especially in natural populations. Here, we explore how variation in DNAm, growth rate, and early‐life conditions are associated with telomere length changes during development. We tested these associations by collecting data from wild, nestling zebra finches in the Australian desert. We found that increases in the level of DNAm were negatively correlated with telomere length changes across early life. We also confirm previously documented effects of post hatch growth rate and clutch size on telomere length in a natural ecological context for a species that has been extensively studied in the laboratory. However, we did not detect any effect of ambient temperature during developmental on telomere length dynamics. We also found that the absolute telomere length of wild zebra finches, measured using the in‐gel TRF method, was similar to that of captive birds. Our findings highlight exciting new opportunities to link and disentangle potential relationships between DNA based biomarkers of ageing, and of physiological reactions to environmental change.
Numéraire problems and market adjustments
Authors: Parrinello Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFirstly, this paper makes a distinction between two notions of numéraire in order to clarify the problem of market equilibrium which depends on the choice of a standard of value. This problem has recently re‐emerged, although it smoldered before and during the “Two Cambridge Controversies” on capital theory in the Seventies. Secondly, it presents a collection of equilibrium/disequilibrium analysis which exhibits numéraire dependence. Thirdly, it takes a neo‐Walrasian model of non‐monetary general equilibrium as a benchmark to argue that a prominent role of numéraire should be attributed to fiat money in the analysis of market adjustment. Such a redirection of focus would avoid some typical cases of numéraire dependence that characterize a frictionless barter economy.
Low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumours with a prominent oligodendroglioma‐like component: The diagnostic challenges
Authors: Métais Alice , Appay Romain , Pagès Mélanie , Gallardo Catherine , Silva Karen , Siegfried Aurore , Perbet Romain , Maurage Claude‐Alain , Scavarda Didier , Fina Frédéric , Uro‐Coste Emmanuelle , Riffaud Laurent , Colin Carole , Figarella‐Branger Dominique ,   contributors of the Biopathology RENOCLIP‐LOC network
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWe searched for recurrent pathological features and molecular alterations in a retrospective series of 72 low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumours (LEATs) with a prominent oligodendroglioma‐like component, in order to classify them according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours.MethodsCentralised pathological examination was performed as well as targeted molecular analysis of v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B (BRAF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) by multiplexed digital polymerase chain reaction (mdPCR). DNA methylation profiling was performed in cases with sufficient DNA. In cases with no genetic alteration by mdPCR and sufficient material, RNA sequencing was done.ResultsWe first reclassified our cohort into three groups: ganglioglioma (GG, n = 14), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNTs, n = 19) and glioneuronal tumours/paediatric‐type low‐grade glioma (LGG) not otherwise specified (GNT/PLGG NOS, n = 39). mdPCR found an alteration in 38/72 cases. Subsequent RNA sequencing revealed a fusion transcript involving BRAF, FGFR1/2/3 or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 [NTRK2] in 9/25 cases. DNA methylation profiling found 12/46 cases with a calibrated score ≥0.9. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed two clusters: Cluster 1 was enriched with cases classified as DNT at histology, belonging to the LGG–DNT methylation class (MC), with haematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34) negativity and FGRF1 alterations; Cluster 2 was enriched with cases classified at histology as GG, belonging to the LGG–GG MC MC, with BRAF V600E mutation and CD34 positivity. The tumours reclassified as GNT/PLGG NOS were equally distributed across both clusters. Interestingly, all polymorphous low‐grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young belonged to Cluster 2, whereas diffuse LGG mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway‐altered were equally distributed among the two clusters. This led us to build an algorithm to classify LEATs with a prominent oligodendroglioma‐like component.ConclusionsIntegrated histomolecular diagnosis of LEATs with a prominent oligodendroglioma‐like component remains challenging. Because these tumours can be split into two major clusters of biological significance, the clinicopathological relevance of the four types recognised by the WHO CNS5 within this spectrum of tumours is questionable.