bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions, structural aspects and evolutionary perspectives of the yeast ‘START’-regulatory network
Authors: Stephan Octavian O H 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Molecular signal transduction networks, which conduct transcription at the G1 to S phase transition of the eukaryotic cell division cycle have been identified in diverse taxa from mammals to baker's yeast with analogous functional organization. However, regarding some network components, such as the transcriptional regulators STB1 and WHI5, only few orthologs exist, which are confined to individual Saccharomycotina species. While Whi5 has been characterized as yeast analog of human Rb protein, in the particular case of Stb1 (Sin three binding protein 1) identification of functional analogs emerges as difficult because to date its exact functionality still remains obscured. By aiming to resolve Stb1's enigmatic role this Perspective article especially surveys works covering relations between Cyclin/CDKs, the heteromeric transcription factor complexes SBF (Swi4/Swi6) and MBF (Mbp1/Swi6), as well as additional coregulators (Whi5, Sin3, Rpd3, Nrm1) which are collectively associated with the orderly transcription at ‘Start’ of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. In this context, interaction capacities of the Sin3-scaffold protein are widely surveyed because its four PAH domains (Paired Amphiphatic Helix) represent a ‘recruitment-code’ for gene-specific targeting of repressive histone deacetylase activity (Rpd3) via different transcription factors. Here, Stb1 plays a role in Sin3's action on transcription at the G1/S-boundary. Through bioinformatic analyses a potential Sin3-interaction domain (SID) was detected in Stb1, and beyond that, connections within the G1/S-regulatory network are discussed in structural and evolutionary context thereby providing conceptual perspectives.
Activity of temocillin against third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates from a clinical trial
Authors: Stewart Adam G , Henderson Andrew , Bauer Michelle J , Paterson David L , Harris Patrick N A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli contribute significantly to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden worldwide. Temocillin is an intravenous semisynthetic antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by ESBLs and AmpC. Temocillin may be a treatment option for serious infections due to these organisms.

Methods
Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the MERINO trial were collected. The majority originated from the urinary tract. Isolates had previously undergone whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify antimicrobial resistance genes. Temocillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by broth microdilution (BMD) with a concentration range of 2 to 128 mg/L. A recent EUCAST guideline has recommended clinical breakpoints for urinary E. coli, Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes) and Proteus mirabilis (resistant &gt;16 mg/L).

Results
317 index bloodstream isolates (275 E. coli and 42 K. pneumoniae) were used. The frequency of β-lactamases among isolates was: CTX-M-15 (56%), OXA-1 (31%), CTX-M-27 (14%), CTX-M-14 (12%) and CMY-2 (8%). Overall, 95% of isolates were susceptible, increased exposure according to EUCAST clinical breakpoints v11.0. Summary MIC values were obtained: MIC50 was 8 mg/L and MIC90 was16 mg/L (range ≤2 to ≥128 mg/L) and did not differ markedly between species. Higher MIC values were seen among isolates that produced more than one β-lactamase but this did not appear to be specific to a single β-lactamase.

Conclusions
Temocillin demonstrated favourable in vitro activity against ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates and may be a suitable agent to be trialled for treatment of serious infections due to these organisms.
Development of a Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Vinpocetine in the Presence of Potential Impurities in Tablet Dosage Form by Multiresponse Optimization
Authors: Karaer Özlem , Dinç-Zor Şule , Aşçı Bürge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Vinpocetine has been prescribed for the treatment of ischemic brain diseases for many years. The drug, which has side effects such as headache, flushing, and decreased blood pressure, is not found in nature, but it can be synthesized by several approaches.

Objective
A simple, rapid, selective, stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of vinpocetine and their potential impurities in a tablet formulation.

Method
Optimum HPLC conditions were tried to be determined by a statistical experimental design method. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Stress study was used to demonstrate the stability-indicating ability of the developed method in the quantification of vinpocetine and potential impurities within the same run.

Results
According to multiresponse optimization using the Derringer’s desirability function, the mobile phase consisted of an acetonitrile–phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) in the ratio of 65:35 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min. Significant degradations were observed for the drug product under acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis. The new method showed reasonable detection and quantification limits with good selectivity, precision, linearity, and recovery.

Conclusions
These validation results have shown that this method is suitable for quantitative determination of vinpocetine and its impurities in quality control laboratories.

Highlights
A reliable and rapid HPLC method optimized with response surface methodology and multiresponse optimization based on Derringer’s desirability function was developed for the simultaneous analysis of vinpocetine and its impurities in a tablet formulation.
Tweets We Like Aren’t Alike: Time of Day Affects Engagement with Vice and Virtue Tweets
Authors: Zor Ozum , Kim Kihyun Hannah , Monga Ashwani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Consumers are increasingly engaging with content on social media platforms, such as by “following” Twitter accounts and “liking” tweets. How does their engagement change through the day for vice content offering immediate gratification versus virtue content offering long-term knowledge benefits? Examining when (morning vs. evening) engagement happens with which content (vice vs. virtue), the current research reveals a time-of-day asymmetry. As morning turns to evening, engagement shifts away from virtue and toward vice content. This asymmetry is documented in three studies using actual Twitter data—millions of data points collected every 30 minutes over long periods of time—and one study using an experimental setting. Consistent with a process of self-control failure, one of the Twitter data studies shows a theory-driven moderation of the asymmetry, and the experiment shows mediation via self-control. However, multiple processes are likely at play, as time does not unfold in isolation during a day, but co-occurs with the unfolding of multiple events. These results provide new insights into social media engagement and guide practitioners on when to post which content.
Automobiles and urban density
Authors: Ostermeijer Francis , Koster Hans R A , van Ommeren Jos , Nielsen Victor Mayland 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
How has the rise of the automobile influenced urban areas over the past century? In this paper, we investigate the long-run impact of car ownership on urban population density, based on a sample of 232 city observations in 57 countries. Using the presence of a domestic car manufacturer in 1920 as a source of exogenous variation, our IV estimates indicate that car ownership substantially reduces density. A one standard deviation increase in car ownership rates causes a reduction in population density of around 35%. For employment density, we find almost identical results. This result has important implications for vehicle taxation, car ownership growth in developing countries, and new transport technologies such as automated vehicles.
Case report: bowel perforation after cutaneous nerve radiofrequency ablation for postherniorrhaphy neuralgia
Authors: Neubauer Steven A , Capal Nicholas B , Reimer Sean C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Postoperative inguinal neuralgia is a known complication of open or laparoscopic herniorrhaphy, initially managed conservatively with analgesics. If symptoms do not resolve additional treatment modalities include nerve blocks, mesh explanation, neurectomy or radiofrequency ablation. Radiofrequency ablation is also used for ablation of hepatic tumors, and thermal injury to bowel is a known and well-documented complication with its use on the liver. There is no published literature or case reports describing thermal injury to bowel from radiofrequency ablation of ilioinguinal or iliohypogastric nerves. We present a case of a 44-year-old male with postoperative inguinal neuralgia following bilateral herniorrhaphies. He failed conservative management and underwent hot radiofrequency ablation of bilateral ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves and presented with delayed small bowel perforation due to thermal injury.
Chromosomal Fusions Facilitate Adaptation to Divergent Environments in Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Liu Zuyao , Roesti Marius , Marques David , Hiltbrunner Melanie , Saladin Verena , Peichel Catherine L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChromosomal fusions are hypothesized to facilitate adaptation to divergent environments, both by bringing together previously unlinked adaptive alleles and by creating regions of low recombination that facilitate the linkage of adaptive alleles; but, there is little empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we address this knowledge gap by studying threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), in which ancestral marine fish have repeatedly adapted to freshwater across the northern hemisphere. By comparing the threespine and ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) genomes to a de novo assembly of the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) and an outgroup species, we find two chromosomal fusion events involving the same chromosomes have occurred independently in the threespine and ninespine stickleback lineages. On the fused chromosomes in threespine stickleback, we find an enrichment of quantitative trait loci underlying traits that contribute to marine versus freshwater adaptation. By comparing whole-genome sequences of freshwater and marine threespine stickleback populations, we also find an enrichment of regions under divergent selection on these two fused chromosomes. There is elevated genetic diversity within regions under selection in the freshwater population, consistent with a simulation study showing that gene flow can increase diversity in genomic regions associated with local adaptation and our demographic models showing gene flow between the marine and freshwater populations. Integrating our results with previous studies, we propose that these fusions created regions of low recombination that enabled the formation of adaptative clusters, thereby facilitating freshwater adaptation in the face of recurrent gene flow between marine and freshwater threespine sticklebacks.
The role of PLA2R antibody monitoring: what we know and what we do not know
Authors: Ronco Pierre , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Debiec Hanna 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTFor a long time, kidney biopsy was the only diagnostic means for membranous nephropathy (MN) and proteinuria and serum creatinine were the only markers of disease activity. The discovery of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody in 2009 has induced a paradigm shift in both the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Two serological tests are routinely used: the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is quantitative, and the immunofluorescence assay (IFA), which is more sensitive. In centres where the two assays are available, the recommendation is to use IFA for screening and diagnosis of immunological remission and ELISA for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. In patients with positive PLA2R antibody serology, normal kidney function and no evidence of an underlying disease, a kidney biopsy is not mandatory given the almost 100% specificity of the assays. Because MN has different phases, one cannot base a clinical or therapeutic decision on a single measurement of PLA2R antibody at baseline. Risk evaluation of disease progression is a dynamic process that should be performed repeatedly to capture the trajectory of the disease based on both the traditional biomarkers (proteinuria and serum creatinine) and PLA2R antibody levels. The effectiveness of therapy is also evaluated on the PLA2R antibody trajectory, particularly during the first 6 months. Finally, PLA2R antibody monitoring has transformed the management of patients with kidney allografts. Future studies are needed to develop more subtle immunological tests, including monitoring of antigen-specific memory B cells.
Does a Large Crime Decline Mean That Hot Spots of Crime Are No Longer ‘Hot’?: Evidence from a Study of New York City Street Segments
Authors: Weisburd David , Zastrow Taryn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The law of crime concentration at places predicts that hot spot streets in a city will maintain very high crime levels even when there are strong crime drops in a city overall. We use New York City as a case study focusing on crime at street segments to illustrate this outcome. New York City experienced very large crime declines over the last quarter-century. Nonetheless, looking at the hot spot street segments that produce 25% and 50% of crime in 2010, 2015, and 2020, we find that many New York City streets continue to have very high levels of crime. In 2020, for example, over 1,100 street segments in the city evidenced more than 39 crime reports. These data suggest that the argument that a city can disengage from policing when overall crime rates are low, belies the reality that hot spots of crime are likely to continue to be ‘hot’ during such periods.
Ascendant Public Opinion
Authors: Egan Patrick J , Konisky David M , Mullin Megan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Here we document an under-studied but important phenomenon that we call ascendant public opinion, which emerges when a new concern is framed as an instance of a broader issue and gains ascendancy over that issue in the public’s mind. We focus on the ever-increasing role climate change has come to play over the past three decades in shaping how Americans think about broader environmental concerns. We show that news coverage of the environment has focused increasingly on climate change over time, while climate change concurrently has come to dominate all other environmental problems in the strength of its association with general environmental concern in opinion surveys. Panel studies provide evidence that the growing correlation between attitudes on climate change and the environment is predominantly due to the impact of the former on the latter. These developments have been consequential: we estimate that Americans’ level of concern about the environment is now both more elevated and more polarized along party lines than if climate change did not occupy its dominant place on the environmental agenda. Climate change is likely just one example of how ascendant public opinion can have important consequences for politics and policy.
Predictors of interindividual differences in vulnerability to neurobehavioral consequences of chronic partial sleep restriction
Authors: Galli Olga , Jones Christopher W , Larson Olivia , Basner Mathias , Dinges David F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterindividual differences in the neurobehavioral response to sleep loss are largely unexplained and phenotypic in nature. Numerous factors have been examined as predictors of differential response to sleep loss, but none have yielded a comprehensive view of the phenomenon. The present study examines the impact of baseline factors, habitual sleep–wake patterns, and homeostatic response to sleep loss on accrued deficits in psychomotor vigilance during chronic partial sleep restriction (SR), in a total of 306 healthy adults that participated in one of three independent laboratory studies. Findings indicate no significant impact of personality, academic intelligence, subjective reports of chronotype, sleepiness and fatigue, performance on working memory, and demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and body mass index, on neurobehavioral vulnerability to the negative effects of sleep loss. Only superior baseline performance on the psychomotor vigilance test and ability to sustain wakefulness on the maintenance of wakefulness test were associated with relative resilience to decrements in vigilant attention during SR. Interindividual differences in vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss were not accounted for by prior sleep history, habitual sleep patterns outside of the laboratory, baseline sleep architecture, or homeostatic sleep response during chronic partial SR. A recent theoretical model proposed that sleep–wake modulation may be influenced by competing internal and external demands which may promote wakefulness despite homeostatic and circadian signals for sleep under the right circumstances. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of interindividual differences in the ability to prioritize external demands for wakefulness in the face of mounting pressure to sleep.
The Flapper of Ur: Archaeology and the Image of the Young Woman in Inter-war Britain
Authors: Maloigne Hélène 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article explores how inter-war ideas about the ‘flapper’ and the place of women in modern society interacted with archaeological discoveries. Looking at how the discovery of the Royal Cemetery of Ur in Iraq (excavated from 1922 to 1934) was reported in the British daily and weekly press demonstrates the popularity of archaeological reporting in inter-war newspapers and magazines and its influence on public debates. The article uses approaches from media history and gender studies to study textual as well as visual material such as cartoons, photographs and archaeological reconstructions created to bring readers the news from the past. It explores how archaeology informed contemporary stereotypes of young women as characteristically irrational and emotional and how his overlapped with similar traits perceived to be typical of the ‘Oriental’ races and lower-middle and working classes.
Protective efficacy of rutin against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, biochemical alterations and histopathological lesions in rats
Authors: Uthra Chhavi , Reshi Mohd Salim , Jaswal Amita , Yadav Deepa , Shrivastava Sadhana , Sinha Neelu , Shukla Sangeeta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogen. Apart from industrial exposure, acrylamide is also found in different food products. The present study deals with in vivo experiment to test the protective effect of rutin against acrylamide induced toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on female rats with exposure of acrylamide at the dose of 38.27 mg/kg body weight, orally for 10 days followed by the therapy of rutin (05, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg orally), for three consecutive days. All animals were sacrificed after 24 h of last treatment and various biochemical parameters in blood and tissue were investigated. Histopathology of liver, kidney and brain was also done. On administration of acrylamide for 10 days, neurotoxicity was observed in terms of decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress was observed in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, declined level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in liver, kidney and brain. Acrylamide exposure increased the activities of serum transaminases, lipid profile, bilirubin, urea, uric acid and creatinine in serum indicating damage. Our experimental results conclude that rutin showed remarkable protection against oxidative DNA damage induced by acrylamide, which may be due to its antioxidant potential.
Nocturnal warming accelerates drought-induced seedling mortality of two evergreen tree species
Authors: Lu Ruiling , Du Ying , Sun Huanfa , Xu Xiaoni , Yan Liming , Xia Jianyang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extreme drought is one of the key climatic drivers of tree mortality on a global scale. However, it remains unclear whether the drought-induced tree mortality will increase under nocturnal climate warming. Here we exposed seedlings of two wide-ranging subtropical tree species, Castanopsis sclerophylla and Schima superba, with contrasting stomatal regulation strategies to prolonged drought under ambient and elevated night-time temperature by 2 °C. We quantified the seedling survival time since drought treatment by measuring multiple leaf traits such as leaf gas exchange, predawn leaf water potential and water-use efficiency. The results showed that all seedlings in the ambient temperature died within 180 days and 167 days of drought for C. sclerophylla and S. superba, respectively. Night warming significantly shortened the survival time of C. sclerophylla, by 31 days, and S. superba by 28 days, under the drought treatment. A survival analysis further showed that seedlings under night warming suffered a 1.6 times greater mortality risk than those under ambient temperature. Further analyses revealed that night warming suppressed net leaf carbon gain in both species by increasing the nocturnal respiratory rate of S. superba across the first 120 days of drought and decreasing the photosynthetic rate of both species generally after 46 days of drought. These effects on net carbon gain were more pronounced in S. superba than C. sclerophylla. After 60 days of drought, night warming decreased the predawn leaf water potential and leaf water-use efficiency of C. sclerophylla but not S. superba. These contrasting responses are partially due to variations in stomatal control between the two species. These findings suggest that stomatal traits can regulate the response of leaf gas exchange and plant water-use to nocturnal warming during drought. This study indicates that nocturnal warming can accelerate tree mortality during drought. Night warming accelerates the mortality of two subtropical seedlings under drought.Night warming differently affects the drought response of leaf gas exchange and plant water-use between the two species due to species-specific stomatal morphological traits.Carbon metabolism changes and hydraulic damage play differential roles in driving night-warming impacts on the drought-induced mortality between the two species.
Veteran Competencies in Nursing Textbooks: Implications for Educators
Authors: Chargualaf Katie A. , Patterson Barbara , Elliott Brenda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of military/veteran-related content in nursing textbooks used in prelicensure programs.

BACKGROUND
With increased numbers of veterans receiving care in civilian settings, nurses may lack essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes outlined in competencies required to provide culturally sensitive veteran-centered care. One explanation for this may be inadequate preparation during prelicensure nursing education.

METHOD
A quantitative, descriptive study guided the analysis and rating of 32 key words in 24 textbooks across eight content areas.

RESULTS
Key words were included in most textbooks but frequently not connected to military service or veterans. The key word with the highest mean rating was posttraumatic stress disorder; the highest rated content area was psychiatric/mental health.

CONCLUSION
With limited textbook resources, nurse faculty must engage in deliberate efforts to include veteran content in nursing curricula. As competency-based education trends evolve, these findings are relevant and should be considered in curricular design and revision.