bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelektrische Eigenschaften von Pt-40 %Rh/Pt-6 %Rh Thermoelementen
Authors: Edler Frank , Ederer Petra 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des europäischen Metrologie Programms für Innovation und Forschung (EMPIR) startete im Mai 2018 mit einer Laufzeit von 3 Jahren das Projekt „Enhancing process efficiency through improved temperature measurement – 2“ (EMPRESS-2) mit Beteiligung der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB). Das übergeordnete Ziel des Projekts ist es, die Effizienz von Fertigungsprozessen durch die Verbesserung von Temperaturmess- und Steuerungsmöglichkeiten zu steigern. Die Arbeiten der PTB fließen in zwei Arbeitspakete ein und befassen sich mit der metrologischen Charakterisierung hochstabiler Thermoelemente im Arbeitspaket 2 (AP2) und neuartiger photonischer Temperatursensoren im AP4. Im Folgenden werden die Präparation der hochstabilen Pt-40 %Rh/Pt-6 %Rh Thermoelemente beschrieben, sowie die Messprozeduren und erste Messergebnisse zur Etablierung einer Kennlinienfunktion für Pt-40 %Rh/Pt-6 %Rh Thermoelemente vorgestellt.
Jellyfish-like few-layer graphene nanoflakes: high paramagnetic response alongside increased interlayer interaction
Authors: Ulyanov Alexander , Stolbov Dmitrii , Savilov Serguei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Jellyfish-like graphene nanoflakes (GNF), prepared by hydrocarbon pyrolysis, are studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The results are supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data. Oxidized (GNFox) and N-doped oxidized (N-GNFox) flakes exhibit an extremely high EPR response associated with a large interlayer interaction which is caused by the structure of nanoflakes and layer edges reached by oxygen. The GNFox and N-GNFox provide the localized and mobile paramagnetic centers which are silent in the pristine (GNF
p
) and N-doped (N-GNF) samples. The change in the relative intensity of the line corresponding to delocalized electrons is parallel with the number of radicals in the quaternary N-group. The environment of localized and mobile electrons is different. The results can be important in GNF synthesis and for explanation of their features in applications, especially, in devices with high sensitivity to weak electromagnetic field.
Aggregation behavior and thermodynamic properties of the mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in numerous temperatures and mixed solvents
Authors: Hoque Md. Anamul , Alam Md. Mahabub , Rana Shahed , Alothman Asma A. , Alsawat Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Interaction of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB; cationic in nature) in H2O and additives (alcohols and diols) media has been investigated using conductivity technique. The micellar parameters such as critical micelle concentration (cmc), fraction of counter ion binding (β), thermodynamic parameters, transfer properties, and enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters of CTAB + SCMC mixture have been assessed in water and aq. alcohols/diols media. One cmc value was achieved for CTAB + SCMC mixtures in the entire circumstances and the attendance of SCMC disfavors the CTAB micellization. The cmc values were obtained to be greater in alcohols and diols media compared to H2O medium. The cmc values also exhibit a dependency on the solvent composition and temperature variation. In all the cases, the ΔG
0

m
values were achieved to be negative which signifying the spontaneous formation of micelles while the extent of spontaneity is decreased in alcohols and diols media. Both the ΔH
0

m
and ΔS
0

m
reveal that hydrophobic, ion-dipole as well as electrostatic interactions are the proposed binding forces between CTAB and SCMC. The compensation parameters (ΔH
0*

m
and T

c
) are in decent agreement with the biological fluid.
Aufwandsarme Rekonstruktion von Bestandsanlagen
Authors: Müller Sandra , Ahmed Mahmoud , Fottner Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fehlende oder veraltete Daten erschweren die Modellerstellung für bereits bestehende Förderanlagen. Um die Potenziale digitaler Modelle dennoch auch für Bestandsanlagen wirtschaftlich zu nutzen, kann eine automatisierte Extraktion von Modellierungsdaten unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion der Topologie automatisierter Förderelemente auf der Basis von Bewegungsdaten eines intelligenten Ladungsträgers vorgestellt.
El Niño “The Boy” – Local Stories and Global Satellites in the Pacific Ocean [Video]
Authors: Höhler Sabine 
Published: May 2021

Global climate patterns such as El Niño are not simply the outcome of scientific modeling derived from satellite images and other ocean temperature sensing technologies. El Niño first emerged as a narrative through local stories of extreme weather events, preserved by the people of the coastal countries of South America, Indonesia and Asia. This rich local environmental knowledge of extreme weather events and the storms, floods, droughts, and famine it causes in these regions, went largely unnoticed in the northern hemisphere. Only in the 1980s and 1990s did El Niño become part of the new scientific imagery of a global environmental science. Although the ocean gained both public and scientific recognition as a main agent of global climate patterns, the scientific integration of El Niño into global climate models and their forecasting has so far not led to the prevention of local environmental catastrophes. Instead, science changed how “the catastrophic” is perceived. <br> Video available at: https://vimeo.com/527398121
From the Bird’s Eye
Authors: Wang Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Criminal sentences are rarely reversed for being too long. Of the approximately one million federal sentences imposed in the past fifteen years, appellate courts have only held about two dozen substantively unreasonable. Judges have, even in public statements, described substantive reasonableness review as “functionally nonexistent” and “a waste of time.”
Against this backdrop, three decisions from the Sixth Circuit published within the last year are nothing short of remarkable. In each case, the panel concluded that the district court, despite following standard processes and procedures, had nonetheless imposed a substantively unreasonable sentence.
This Article examines these cases in detail, to glean lessons for scholars and practitioners. I argue that, in each decision, the Sixth Circuit took a bird’s eye perspective to the issues at hand, reaching a common-sense decision based on aggregative sentencing data, case law, and the defendant’s prior criminal history. These factors, I further argue, provide a model for other appellate courts who hope to engage in more searching substantive reasonableness review.
I also acknowledge some limits to the Sixth Circuit’s approach. In each of these three cases, the appellate court reined in district courts for imposing above-guideline sentences. The decisions, however, say little about what—if any—role an appellate court should play in mitigating harsh sentences that are within (or even below) the guidelines. Reform of such sentences may require stakeholders to look elsewhere, including either legislative reform or appointment of a more diverse set of district judges.
Here Come the Judges
Authors: Donnelly Justice Michael P. , Zmuda Judge Gene A. , Bergeron Judge Pierre H. 
Published: May 2021

We are Ohio state court judges with actual experience in imposing and/or reviewing criminal felony sentences. We are unaware of any expressed objection by Ohio’s judiciary to having more relevant information available to a sentencing court.
Sentencing discretion is conferred upon trial courts by the General Assembly through its statutory enactments, and the trial courts have full discretion to impose a prison sentence that falls within the prescribed statutory range. With such wide-ranging discretion the database will provide additional information to a sentencing judge, which will result in a more informed sentence.
Justice requires that judges get it “right.” Why prevent useful, relevant, and important information from being considered by trial judges in achieving this goal? Once the criminal sentencing database is in place, for the first time in the state’s history all stakeholders, including judges, will have access to relevant information that can inform their sentencing decisions while keeping biases, implicit or otherwise, in check. This will usher in a fairer, more transparent system that we should all support.
As stewards of the greatest system ever designed to resolve disputes and, therefore, as those empowered to see that justice is achieved, we can’t afford to pretend that the problem doesn’t exist. We must seize this moment and take this long-overdue step for the betterment of our judicial system and, therefore, our society.
Why and How We Need to Fill Criminal Justice Data Gaps
Authors: Rizer Arthur , King Dan 
Published: May 2021

For the past 50 plus years the United States has been debating the very nature of our criminal justice system. Are we too lenient? Are we too vindictive? Do we give too much power to our cops and prosecutors or too many protections to defendants? But maybe most important, is there a better way? Can we ensure we have both safety and dignity built into our system?
These questions are extremely difficult for law makers to answer because of the moral implications involved with crime and punishment, but also because of one glaring weakness: data sharing and reporting. We simply do not have comprehensive data collection systems for policy makers to draw on to design interventions that can protect public safety and help heal community wounds.
While there is no silver bullet that will fix these problems, we believe attention should be paid to: 1) fixing inconsistencies in key terms so data collection can be universal, 2) fixing the issues with delayed reporting so the data we have is up to date for researchers and policy makers, and 3) addressing issues with inadequate and inconsistent data storage so not only will the data be available but assessable to those who can use it to improve the system.
Good Data, Good Law
Authors: Tilley John , Chang Serena , Peay Richard J. 
Published: May 2021

Real-time data is crucial in delivering actionable information, yet sparse in the criminal justice space. Often, practitioners and policy makers (“System Actors”), are forced to rely on information that is missing, incorrect, and/or outdated. Recidiviz, a nonpartisan tech non-profit, enables System Actors to make data-driven decisions as part of their regular workflows.
This article describes Recidiviz’s work modeling the projected influence of eliminating mandatory minimums in Virginia, including state costs avoided, impact on the prison population, and number of life-years individuals would regain by avoiding incarceration. Recidiviz calculated that if Virginia eliminated mandatory minimums for drug sales offenses only, over the next five years, it could avoid a cumulative $11.6 million in incarceration costs, give 360 years of life back to people, and decrease the prison population’s racial disparity. If Virginia eliminated all mandatory minimums, as SB 5046 proposes, it could help the Commonwealth avoid $80.2 million in costs and give back 2,496 years of life over five years.
In addition to policy impact modeling, Recidiviz’s core work is in partnering with state corrections and supervision departments to provide real-time feedback and data visualization tools.
Effect of plasma glucose at admission on COVID-19 mortality: experience from a tertiary hospital
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Mittal Madhukar , Gopalakrishnan Maya , Garg Mahendra K , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Plasma glucose has been correlated with in-hospital mortality among many diseases including infections. We aimed to study the plasma glucose at the admission of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care referral hospital at Jodhpur, India and its relation with mortality.

Design
A hospital-based clinical study of plasma glucose of COVID-19 patients conducted from May 15 to June 30, 2020 after ethical approval.

Measurements
Random blood samples at admission were collected for plasma glucose, interleukin-6 (IL6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) after written informed consent was obtained. Plasma glucose was analyzed by the automated analyzer, IL6 by chemiluminescent immunoassay and hsCRP by immune-turbidimetric assay.

Results
A total of 386 patients were studied (female 39.6%); 11.1% had severe disease and 4.1% expired. There were 67 (17.4%) patients with known diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with a history of DM had three times higher mortality (6/67, 9%) than those without DM (10/309, 3.1%). Patients with moderate and severe disease according to ICMR and WHO grading had higher plasma glucose than those with asymptomatic or mild disease (P < 0.0001). Plasma glucose levels at admission were significantly higher in non-survivors when compared to those who survived (297 ± 117 vs 131 ± 73; P < 0.0001). COVID-19 patients showed increased mortality with incremental plasma glucose levels. The hazard ratio for mortality was 1.128 (95% CI 0.86–14.860), 1.883 (95% CI 0.209–16.970), and 4.005 (95% CI 0.503–32.677) in random plasma glucose group of >100–200, >200–300 and >300 mg/dL, respectively, compared to those with random plasma glucose of <100 mg/dL at admission. Plasma glucose was strongly correlated with hsCRP (P < 0.001) and IL6 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Plasma glucose at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is a strong predictor of mortality.
A Real-time Risk-Prediction Model for Pediatric Venous Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Walker Shannon C. , Creech C. Buddy , Domenico Henry J. , French Benjamin , Byrne Daniel W. , Wheeler Allison P. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) is an increasing cause of morbidity in pediatric populations, yet identification of high-risk patients remains challenging. General pediatric models have been derived from case-control studies, but few have been validated. We developed and validated a predictive model for pediatric HA-VTE using a large, retrospective cohort.METHODS:The derivation cohort included 111 352 admissions to Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt. Potential variables were identified a priori, and corresponding data were extracted. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of potential risk factors with development of HA-VTE. Variable inclusion in the model was based on univariate analysis, availability in routine medical records, and clinician expertise. The model was validated by using a separate cohort with 44 138 admissions.RESULTS:A total of 815 encounters were identified with HA-VTE in the derivation cohort. Variables strongly associated with HA-VTE include history of thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6–11.3; P &lt; .01), presence of a central line (OR 4.9; 95% CI 4.0–5.8; P &lt; .01), and patients with cardiology conditions (OR 4.0; 95% CI 3.3–4.8; P &lt; .01). Eleven variables were included, which yielded excellent discriminatory ability in both the derivation cohort (concordance statistic = 0.908) and the validation cohort (concordance statistic = 0.904).CONCLUSIONS:We created and validated a risk-prediction model that identifies pediatric patients at risk for HA-VTE development. We anticipate early identification of high-risk patients will increase prophylactic interventions and decrease the incidence of pediatric HA-VTE.
Comparison of Transient Elastography and Liver Biopsy in Assessing Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bachhav Gaurav , Locheruvapalli Venkateshappa Lokesh , Avinash Balekuduru , Patil Manjunath , Bonthala Subbara Satyaprakash , Ravikiran Sindhuvalada Karnam 
Published: May 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Ultrasound-based transient elastography (TE) or TE of the liver is a noninvasive tool for effectively evaluating liver stiffness and fibrosis. The study aimed to compare the accuracy of TE as assessed by Fibroscan with liver biopsy in staging fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Consecutive NAFLD patients (N = 72) were prospectively enrolled. TE evaluation was performed with Fibroscan and compared with liver biopsy, which is a reference standard. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system (Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis). TE scores and biopsy-related fibrosis stages were correlated. Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of TE was evaluated. Data were analyzed using software R v3.6.3. Liver biopsy showed that 36.11% of patients did not exhibit fibrosis, whereas 25, 16.67, 15.28, and 6.94% of patients had stage F1 (por-tal/mild fibrosis), F2 (periportal/moderate fibrosis), F3 (bridging/severe fibrosis), and F4 (cirrhosis/advanced fibrosis), respectively. TE showed that 50% of patients had cirrhosis, whereas 20.83,15.28, and 13.86% of patients had mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis, respectively. TE had 71% accuracy, 89% sensitivity, and 38% specificity in diagnosing the severity of fibrosis. Hence, it can be implemented as a noninvasive alternative diagnostic tool for understanding the severity of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, it can also be used for quick early diagnosis of NAFLD, reliable staging of fibrosis, and understanding the need for liver transplantation in patients with NAFLD.
Theory into practice: basic connections and stylistic affiliations of the Late Neolithic settlement at Pusztataskony-Ledence 1
Authors: Sebők Katalin , Faragó Norbert 
Published: May 2021

Despite being positioned in the western fringes of the Tisza culture’s occupation area, the Late Neolithic settlement at Pusztataskony-Ledence 1 is seemingly well separated from the communities of the Lengyel complex. The character of its archaeological record however, together with recent results in the research of connections between the two cultural complexes raises the possibility of an amalgamation of these traditions at some point. In 2016, a grant of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office allowed us to start a threeyear-long project, aimed to process the data gained at Pusztataskony over three seasons in order to reveal foreign cognitive elements in the archaeological record of the site other than the ones observed in the burials. To match possible population movement with the appearance of Lengyel type cultural traits and understand the situation observed here classical archaeological and bioarchaeological analyses had been carried out. The current study surveys the first results of the investigations focusing on the archaeological record from one of the house clusters in the settlement. The examinations include a basic typological and resource analysis of the lithics and a stylistic analysis of the ceramic material. The interpretation focuses on the site’s contact system as outlined by the archaeological record, on the ceramic inventory as a medium of everyday symbolic communication here, as well as on our recent understanding of the character of contacts between the Tisza and Lengyel populations in the Middle and Upper Tisza Region.
“Looted Warriors” from Eastern Europe
Authors: Tarbay Gábor János 
Published: May 2021

The study discusses and calls attention to assemblages that are recent victims of illicit metal detectoring in Eastern Europe. The first one is a Ha B1 sword hoard, allegedly from Mátészalka (Hungary, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County). The assemblage was looted in 2017. In less than a year, two of the finds have entered the British antiquities market and they were sold under fake provenance. The second find could have been a late Period V (Ha B3) elite burial. The looted assemblage has appeared on the domongol.org metal detectorist blog, and it is allegedly originating from “Ternopil Oblast” (Ukraine). It contains a bell helmet with solar barge decoration and a fragment of a unique Hajdúböszörmény-type situla, the parallels of which relate this find to the Rivoli (Italy) burial and the metallurgical sphere of the Eary Iron Age.
Short report on a rescue excavation of a prehistoric and Árpádian Age site near Tura (Pest County, Hungary)
Authors: Simon Bence , Joháczi Szilvia , Kis Zita 
Published: May 2021

The staff of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of Eötvös Loránd University conducted a rescue excavation in the northern territory of Tura (Pest County, Hungary) in the spring and autumn of 2018. The works revealed settlement and burial features of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, settlement features of the Árpádian Age, one feature from the early modern period, and some traces of military activity in the Second World War. The unexpected scientific novelty of the excavation is the discovery of an extensive Árpádian Age settlement and a brick oven in one of the pit-houses.
Effects of Nonlinear Soil Behavior on Kappa (κ): Observations from the KiK-Net Database
Authors: Ji Chunyang , Cabas Ashly , Bonilla Luis Fabian , Gelis Céline 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSoil nonlinear behavior is often triggered in soft sedimentary deposits subjected to strong ground shaking and has led to catastrophic damage to civil infrastructure in many past earthquakes. Nonlinear behavior in soils is associated with large shear strains, increased material damping ratio, and reduced stiffness. However, most investigations of the high-frequency spectral decay parameter κ, which captures attenuation, have focused on low-intensity ground motions inducing only small shear strains. Because studies of the applicability of the κ model when larger deformations are induced are limited, this article investigates the behavior of κ (both κr per record and site-specific κ0 estimates) beyond the linear-elastic regime. About 20 stations from the Kiban–Kyoshin network database, with time-average shear-wave velocities in the upper 30 m between 213 and 626  m/s, are used in this study. We find that the classification scheme used to identify ground motions that trigger soil nonlinear behavior biases estimates of κ0 in the linear and nonlinear regimes. A hybrid method to overcome such bias is proposed considering proxies for in situ deformation (via the shear-strain index) and ground shaking intensity (via peak ground acceleration). Our findings show that soil nonlinearity affects κr and κ0 estimates, but this influence is station dependent. Most κ0 at our sites had a 5%–20% increase at the onset of soil nonlinear behavior. Velocity gradients and impedance contrasts influence the degree of soil nonlinearity and its effects on κr and κ0. Moreover, we observe that other complexities in the wave propagation phenomenon (e.g., scattering and amplifications in the high-frequency range) impose challenges to the application of the κ0 model, including the estimation of negative values of κr.