bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A better Standard-Uptake-Value Body Habitus Normalizer for Fluorodeoxyglucose in Humans
Authors: Beattie Bradley Jay , Akhurst Tim J , Augensen Finn , Humm John L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo devise a new body-habitus normalizer to be used in the calculation of a standardized uptake value (SUV) that is specific to the PET tracer 18 F-FDG. MethodsAfter exclusions for type and extent of cancer and timing of the scan, a cohort of 481 patients was selected for analysis of 18 F-FDG uptake into “normal” tissues (presumed to be unaffected by their disease). Among these, 65 patients had only brain concentrations measured and the remaining 416 were randomly divided into an 86-patient test set and a 330-patient training set. Within the test set, normal liver, spleen and blood measures were made. In the training set, only normal liver concentrations were measured. Using data from the training set, a simple polynomial function of height and weight was selected (following a subjective procedure) to predict each patient’s mean liver percent injected dose per milliliter. This function, when used to normalize measured %ID/ml concentrations, defines a new SUV metric (SUV fdg ) which we compared to SUV metrics normalized by body weight (SUV bw ), lean-body mass (SUV lbm ) and body surface-area (SUV bsa ) in a five-fold cross-validation. SUV fdg was also tested on the independent holdout sets utilizing the measurements of normal liver, blood, spleen and brain. ResultsFor patients of all sizes including pediatric patients, the normal range of liver 18 F-FDG uptake concentration at 60 minutes post injection in units of SUV fdg is 1.0 ± 0.16. Liver, blood and spleen SUV fdg in all comparisons had lower coefficients of variation (CoV) compared to SUV bw SUV lbm and SUV bsa . Blood had a mean SUV fdg value of 0.8 ± 0.11 and showed no correlation with age, height or weight. Brain SUV fdg measures were significantly higher (P<0.01) in pediatric patients (4.7 ± 0.9) compared to adults (3.1 ± 0.6). ConclusionA new SUV metric, SUV fdg , is proposed. It is hoped that SUV fdg will prove to be better at classifying tumor lesions and other tissues compared to SUV metrics in current use and may be useful in predicting patient specific radiation dose. Other tracers may benefit from similarly tracer-specific body habitus normalizers.
The Effect of Metformin and Glimepiride on Platelet Count and Indices Among Diabetic Patients Attending Jaber Abu Aliz Diabetic Center in Khartoum State
Authors: Hussein Hussein Abker , Babikir Dalia Mohammed , Elmagzoub Fatima-Elzhra Ahmed , Samaan Mouna Adel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic, Platelets have crucial role in accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis which characterize DM.AimThe aim of the study was to detect the effect of two major oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin and Glimepiride) on platelet count and indices MPV (Mean platelet volume), PLCR (platelet large cell ratio), PDW (platelet distribution width). Beside, to study the effects of variation in Age, sex, duration of the drug, dose of drug, HbA1C level and associated complications.Material and methods96 diabetic patients have been included in this study in addition 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic matching for age and sex subjects have been tested as control group.EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples has been taken from each , platelet count and indices were measured using automatic blood counter (Sysmex KX-21N) and HbA1C was Measured using Ichroma II . Statistics was performed by SPSS (version 22). ResultsThe results showed that both types of treatment have reduced platelets indices but the reduction in Glimepiride was insignificant except in PDW when compared with control. Also both have no effect on platelet count. Both treatments have insignificant variation on measured parameters when considering age, gender, dose and treatment duration though significant variation in Glimepiride study population was detected due to associated complications and HbA1C level.ConclusionIt is concluded that both types of drugs reduce platelet indices which have a good prognostic effect on the Pro-thrombotic state and accelerated atherosclerosis which is associated with type 2 Diabetic patients. Metformin have better effect on platelet indices than Glimepiride. Further case control trails are required.
Integration of Tumour Sequencing and Case-Control Data to Assess Pathogenicity of RAD51C Missense Variants in Familial Breast Cancer
Authors: Lim Belle WX , Li Na , Rowley Simone M. , Thompson Ella R. , McInerny Simone , Zethoven Magnus , Scott Rodney J. , Devereux Lisa , Sloan Erica K. , James Paul A. , Campbell Ian G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: While protein truncating variants in RAD51C have been shown to predispose to triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ovarian cancer, little is known about the pathogenicity of missense (MS) variants. Methods: The frequency of rare RAD51C MS variants were assessed in the BEACCON study of 5,734 familial breast cancer cases and 14,382 population controls, and integrated with tumour sequencing data from 21 cases carrying a candidate variant to assess bi-allelic inactivation. Results: Collectively, a significant enrichment of rare missense variants was detected in cases (MAF < 0.001, OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.00 - 2.44, p = 0.05), particularly for variants with a REVEL score > 0.5 (OR 3.95, 95%CI 1.40 - 12.01, p = 0.006). Despite the large sample size, the majority of variants detected were very rare, precluding definitive conclusions about pathogenicity based solely on the case-control data. Sequencing of 21 tumours from carriers of one of eight candidate MS variants, identified four cases with bi-allelic inactivation through loss of the wild-type allele, while six lost the variant allele and ten remained heterozygous. Loss of the wild-type alleles corresponded strongly with ER- and triple-negative breast tumours and a high homologous recombination deficiency score. Conclusions: Using this approach, the p.Gly264Ser variant, which was previously suspected to be pathogenic based on small case-control analyses and loss of activity in in vitro functional assays, was shown to be benign with similar prevalence in cases and controls, and eight out of nine tumours showing loss of the variant allele or retention of heterozygosity. Conversely, the combined case-control and tumour sequencing data identified p.Ile144Thr, p.Arg212His, p.Gln143Arg and p.Gly114Arg as variants warranting further investigation.
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Remodels Multiple Intracellular Organelles to Form Genomic RNA Replication Sites
Authors: Xie Jipeng , Jiang Tong , Li Zhifang , Li Xiangdong , Fan Zaifeng , Zhou Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Positive-stranded RNA viruses usually remodel host endomembrane system to form virus-induced intracellular vesicles for replication during infections. The genus Potyvirus of Potyviridae represents the largest number of positive single-stranded RNA viruses and causes great damage on crop production worldwide. Though potyviruses have wide host ranges, each potyvirus infects relatively limited host species. Phylogenesis and host range analysis can divide potyviruses into monocot-infecting and dicot-infecting groups, suggesting that some infection mechanism, probably on replication may be distinct for each group. Comprehensive studies on the model dicot-infecting turnip mosaic virus indicated that the 6K2-induced replication vesicles are derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently target chloroplasts for viral genome replication. However, we have no knowledge on the replication site of monocot-infecting potyviruses. In this study, we firstly show that the precursor 6K2-VPg-Pro polyproteins of dicot-infecting potyviruses and monocot-infecting potyviruses phylogenetically cluster in two separate groups. With a typical gramineae-infecting potyvirus sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), we found that SCMV replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) forms aggregates in cytoplasm but does not associate with chloroplasts. SCMV 6K2-VPg-Pro-induced vesicles colocalize with replicative dsRNA. Moreover, SCMV 6K2-VPg-Pro-induced structures target multiple intracellular organelles including ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and peroxisomes, and have no evident association with chloroplasts. In conclusion, SCMV remodels multiple intracellular organelles for its genomic RNA replication.
Dihydromyricetin Attenuates Palmitate Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress by promoting Autophagy via SIRT3-ATG4B Signaling in Hepatocytes
Authors: Mi Mantian , Huang Li , Zeng Xianglong , Li Bo , Wang Cong , Zhou Min , Lang Hedong , Yi Long 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Oxidative stress in hepatocytes was an important pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Autophagy was a cellular process that can remove damaged organelles under oxidative stress, and thus presented a potential therapeutic target against NASH. The aim of this work was to investigate whether autophagy participated the protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the underlying mechanism.
Methods

HepG2 cells were pretreated with DHM (20 µM) for 2 h, followed by PA (0.2 mM) treatment for 16 h. The oxidative stress was assessed by the quantification of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ultrastructural analyses. The protein expressions of SIRT3, LC3I/II, P62 and ATG4B, as well as the acetylation of AGT4B were determined by western blotting using HepG2 and HepG2/ ATG4B+/− cells with heterozygous knockout of ATG4B.
Results

Exposure to PA resulted in increased intracellular ROS and mtROS, decreased MMP and aggravated mitochondrial injury in HepG2 cells, which were notably attenuated by DHM treatment. DHM-induced inhibition of oxidative stress was associated with the induction of autophagy, characterized by upregulated ATG4B and LC3 II as well as downregulated P62 levels. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of DHM on PA-induced autophagy arrest and oxidative stress were eliminated when pretreated with a SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP or conducted in HepG2/ATG4B+/− cells, suggesting that SIRT3 and ATG4B were involved in DHM-induced benefits. Moreover, DHM treatment increased the protein expression of SIRT3 and SIRT3-dependent deacetylation of ATG4B in HepG2 cells.
Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that DHM attenuated PA-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes through induction of autophagy, which was mediated through the increased expression of SIRT3 and SIRT3-mediated ATG4B deacetylation following DHM treatment.
Diallyl Trisulfide Protects Against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Ming Le , Li Zhihui , Li Xiaofang , Tang Ling , He Guimei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiallyl trisulfide is a component of garlic. It has been shown to have anti-fungus, anti-cancer, and anti-virus activities. We hypothesized that diallyl trisulfide can enhance host defense mechanisms against the infection by influenza virus A subtype H9N2, which is the most prevalent subtype of influenza viruses in poultry in many countries in Asia.MethodsIn this study, the effects of diallyl trisulfide on influenza virus will be investigated in vivo and in vitro respectively. The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, RIG-I, IRF-3, IFN-β, and H9N2 avian influenza virus M gene were detected using Quantitative real-time RT-PCR.ResultsIn vitro, we found that treatment of A549 cells before or after H9N2 virus infection resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of antiviral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3 and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 virus infected mice. ConclusionsThese results suggest that diallyl trisulfide inhibits H9N2 virus replication and down regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Also this research indicates that diallyl trisulfide might be a kind of effective drug against influenza virus infection.
Dynamical Properties of the Molniya Satellite Constellation: Long-Term Evolution of the Semi-Major Axis
Authors: Daquin Jérôme , Alessi Elisa Maria , O'Leary Joseph , Lemaitre Anne , Buzzoni Alberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We describe the phase space structures related to the semi-major axis of Molniya-like satellites subject to tesseral and lunisolar resonances. In particular, we dissect the indirect interplay of the critical inclination resonance on the semi-geosynchronous resonance using a hierarchy of more realistic dynamical systems, thus discussing the dynamics beyond the integrable approximation. By introducing ad hoc tractable models averaged over the fast angles, we numerically demarcate the hyperbolic structures organising the long-term dynamics via the computation of finite-time variational indicators. Based on the publicly available two-line elements space orbital data, we identify two satellites, namely M1-69 and M1-87, displaying fingerprints consistent with the dynamics associated to the hyperbolic set. The computations of the associated dynamical maps highlight that the spacecraft are trapped within the hyperbolic tangle.
Toxicity and Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Ultra-central Lung Tumours: a Single Institution Real Life Experience
Authors: GUILLAUME Elodie , TANGUY Ronan , AYADI Myriam , CLAUDE Line , MONCHARMONT Coralie , MAGNE Nicolas , Martel-Lafay Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat ultra-central lung tumours remains more controversial than for peripheral and central tumours. We carried out a study about SBRT in patients with ultra-central lung tumours treated in our Cancer Centre. Our objectives were to assess toxicities, local control (LC) rate and survival data.Methods: We conducted a retrospective and monocentric study about 74 patients with an ultra-central lung tumour, consecutively treated between 2012 and 2018. Ultra-central tumours were defined as tumours whose PTV (planning target volume) overlapped one of the following organs at risk (OAR): the trachea, right and left main bronchi, intermediate bronchus, lobe bronchi, oesophagus, heart. Patients with primary or secondary tumour were enrolled in the study.Results: Median follow-up was 25 months. Two patients (2.7%) showed grade 3 toxicity. No grade 4 or 5 toxicity was observed. Eleven per cent of patients experienced primary local relapse. Local control rate was 96.7% at 1 year and 87.6% at 2 years. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 12 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 31 months. Conclusions: SBRT for ultra-central tumours remains safe and effective. Thus, SBRT can be considered to be well tolerated as long as protecting organs at risk remains treatment planning priority. Besides, as the results of ongoing prospective trial have not been published yet, SBRT for ultra-central tumours should be performed with caution.
Prediction of 5-year Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Pretreatment PET/CT using Multi-Modality Deep Learning-based Radiomics
Authors: Gu Bingxin , Meng Mingyuan , Bi Lei , Kim Jinman , Feng David Dagan , Song Shaoli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Deep Learning-based Radiomics (DLR) has achieved great success on medical image analysis. In this study, we aimed to explore the capability of our proposed end-to-end multi-modality DLR model using pretreatment PET/CT images to predict 5-year Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in advanced NPC.Methods A total of 170 patients with pathological confirmed advanced NPC (TNM stage III or IVa) were enrolled in this study. A 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with two branches to process PET and CT separately, was optimized to extract deep features from pretreatment multi-modality PET/CT images and use the derived features to predict the probability of 5-year PFS. Optionally, TNM stage, as a high-level clinical feature, can be integrated into our DLR model to further improve prognostic performance. Results For a comparison between Conventional Radiomic (CR) and DLR, 1456 handcrafted features were extracted, and three top CR methods, ﻿Random Forest (RF) + RF (AUC = 0.796 ± 0.009, testing error = 0.267 ± 0.007), RF + Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) (AUC = 0.783 ± 0.011, testing error = 0.286 ± 0.009), and L1-Logistic Regression (L1-LOG) + Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM) (AUC = 0.769 ± 0.008, testing error = 0.298 ± 0.006), were selected as benchmarks from 54 combinations of 6 feature selection methods and 9 classification methods. Compared to the three CR methods, our multi-modality DLR models using both PET and CT, with or without TNM stage (named PCT or PC model), resulted in the highest prognostic performance (PCT model: AUC = 0.842 ± 0.034, testing error = 0.194 ± 0.029; PC model: AUC = 0.825 ± 0.041, testing error = 0.223 ± 0.035). Furthermore, the multi-modality PCT model outperformed single-modality DLR models using only PET and TNM stage (named PT model: AUC = 0.818 ± 0.029, testing error = 0.218 ± 0.024) or only CT and TNM stage (named CT model: AUC = 0.657 ± 0.055, testing error = 0.375 ± 0.048). Conclusion Our study identified potential radiomics-based prognostic model for survival prediction in advanced NPC, and suggests that DLR could serve as a tool for aiding in cancer management.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Reinfection Cases Among Healthcare Workers in Turkey
Authors: İkiışık Hatice , Çağ Yasemin , Sezerol Mehmet Akif , Surmeli Aral , Taşçı Yusuf , Şahin Çağrı Emin , Maral Işıl 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Global pandemic of novel Coronavirus Disease (SARS- COV-2) has spread across all continents and infected almost 80 million people. Since it is a novel disease, unknowns about the disease characteristic, treatment and length of immunity still persist. This study aims to characterize reinfection, personal protective equipment use and disease progress in healthcare workers in İstanbul. Methods: 23 healthcare workers who had confirmed negative PCR results after infection and another positivity later were questioned about both infection progress, their symptoms and treatment through an online questionnaire. Results: While the symptoms during both courses did not change drastically, 73.9% were treated as outpatient during the first infection while all but one (95.7%) were treated as such during second time around. Median time between two infections were 106 days. All participants were cleared of disease and none had to be treated in intensive care unit. Conclusion: Use of personal protective equipment was found subpar compared to World Health Organization recommendations. This is the first study from Turkey characterizing reinfected cases in healthcare workers.
Endovascular Treatment of Traumatic Azygous Vein Injuries: A Case Report
Authors: DeMaio Kristine , Kaushik Shivam , Vadlamudi Venu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Management of thoracic vascular injury predominantly focuses on the aorta and its tributaries while reports of venous injury are less frequent. Although rare, traumatic azygous vein injuries are associated with high mortality. Prompt treatment is required and has traditionally been open surgery. We present the first reported case of an endovascular repair of an azygous vein injury.Case Presentation:A female patient presented to our trauma center following ejection after a motor vehicle collision (MVC). CT imaging workup revealed mediastinal and periaortic hematoma with active contrast extravasation adjacent to the azygos vein. She was referred to interventional radiology for vascular evaluation and potential endovascular intervention. Aortography demonstrated no arterial injury. Venography revealed a pseudoaneurysm on the superior aspect of the azygos arch and contrast extravasation from the inferior margin of the azygous arch. A stent-graft was deployed and post-deployment venogram showed no extravasation and successful exclusion of the injuries. The patient did not have further signs of bleeding. Follow-up CT chest confirmed continued patency of the stent-graft.Conclusion:Historically, azygos vein injuries are a rare occurrence and managed with open surgery. Swift management is necessary to prevent the increased morbidity and mortality associated with azygous vein injury, particularly in polytrauma patients such as the one presented here. We believe endovascular stent-graft treatment offers an innovative alternative to the management of azygos vein injury.
Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) Initiates Extrinsic Apoptosis Against Prostate Cancer cells by Inducing ROS-Mediated ER Stress and Suppressing Autophagic Flux
Authors: Yang Dong-Lin , Zhang Ya-jun , He Liu-jun , Hu Chun-sheng , Gao Li-xia , Huang Jiu-hong , Tang Yan , Luo Jie , Tang Dian-yong , Chen Zhong-zhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), a pharmacologically active triterpenoid monomer extracted from Tripterygiumwilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been reported to exhibit anti-neoplastic effect on several types of cancer cells. However,whether it has the anti-tumour capability in human Prostate cancer (CaP)cells and what’s the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferation effect of T-96 on human CaP. In the current study, T-96 exerted significant cytotoxicity to CaP cells in vitro and induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation indicated that through inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), T-96 significantly promoted autophagy initiation while blocked the autophagic flux and finally caused extrinsic apoptosis in CaP cells, implying that ER stress induced byT-96 initiated caspase dependent apoptosis to inhibit CaP cells. Moreover, as a novel lethal ER stress inducer, T-96 was capable to enhance the sensitivity of CaP cells to chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Taken together, our data implied that T-96 is a novel ER stress and autophagy modulator, and has the potential applications for CaP therapy in clinic.
Reversal Nature in Rainfall Pattern Over the Indian Heavy and Low Rainfall Zones in the Recent Era
Authors: Barde Vasundhara , Sinha Palash , Mohanty UC , Panda RK 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study presents the reversal nature in rainfall over heavy rainfall zone (HRZ; more than 80% of the long-period average (LPA) of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR)) and low rainfall zone (LRZ; less than 40% of ISMR-LPA) in India. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) high-resolution (0.25˚×0.25˚) dataset is used from 1901 to 2016. The single and multiple change point detection techniques are used to find the change in rainfall pattern over both the regions. Further, the study period is divided into two halves P1 (1901-1958) and P2 (1959-2016) in order to study change in rainfall pattern in the recent and past periods. In P2, rainfall pattern gets reversed and interestingly ISMR has shown an increasing trend over LRZ and a decreasing trend is noticed over HRZ and the results are statistically significant. The increasing/decreasing number of moderate and high intensity rainfall events are the main cause for this reversal pattern. Additionally, the number of dry days is increased over the HRZ and deceased over the LRZ. This study further confirms that ‘dry becomes drier and wet becomes wetter’ paradigm is not solely acceptable for India. The present study provides information about changes in dry days and ISMR variability in the context of climate change, which will be useful to agricultural risk management, water resources, drought monitoring, model developers, and policy planer on the adaptation strategies for climate change.