bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose Metabolic Disorder in Klinefelter Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis in a Single Chinese Hospital and Literature Review
Authors: Yuan Tao , Liu Shixuan , Song Shuoning , Chen Shi , Wang Linjie , Fu Yong , Dong Yingyue , Tang Yan , Zhao Weigang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and islet β-cell function in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and hyperglycemia.
Methods

This is a retrospective study. There were 22 patients diagnosed of KS identified from electronic medical record system including 9 patients with hyperglycemia (THG-KS group). There were 5 hyperglycemic KS patients with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results (HG-KS group), other 5 subjects with hyperglycemia and 5 euglycemic subjects matched in body mass index were included as HG group and NGT group, respectively. Clinical data and laboratory examinations were collected. We further performed a systematic literature review of KS and hyperglycemia.
Results

We found KS patients developed abnormal glucose metabolism earlier in life than those without KS. There were 35.3% patients diagnosed of DM and 17.6% patients diagnosed of prediabetes. Among 10 patients had both fasting blood glucose and insulin levels drawn, there were 47.1% patients with KS and insulin resistance. The incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia were higher in patients with hyperglycemia and KS than euglycemic KS patients. Comparing with HG group, the level of insulin sensitivity was lower in HG-KS group, while the value of HOMA-β (p = 0.030) was significantly increased which indicated higher insulin secretion level in HG-KS group.
Conclusions

KS patients with hyperglycemia are more likely to combine other metabolic diseases. Compared with hyperglycemic patients without KS, they present lower insulin sensitivity and higher insulin secretion.
Dynamic monitor on psychological problems of medical aid teams in the context of Corona Virus Disease 2019: a multi-stage and multi-factor quantitative study
Authors: Zhou Yanji , Li Chengyu , Zhang Xiyu , Xu Li , Miao Wenqing , You Dingyun , Li Ye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In order to explore the psychological status and vulnerability characteristics of medical staff with the progress of the epidemic.Methods: This study investigated the prevalence of mental problems of 2748 medical staff in four stages. PHQ-9, GAD-7, SSS, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and PCL-C were used for the psychological evaluation, and univariate logistic standardized analysis and multivariate logistic regression for data analysis.Results: The prevalence of mental problems were observed statistically significant difference. In stage 1, mild anxiety and mild depression reached the highest value of 41.4% and 40.72% respectively. Between March 4 and March 17 that of mild depression rose from 16.07% to 26.7%, and between March 17 and March 26 the prevalence of mild anxiety increased from 17.28% to 20.02%. Female, unmarried, working in Wuhan are the risk factors of mental health of medical staff (P<0.05).Conclusion: The psychological status of the medical staff has changed dynamically. Stage 1, the latter period of Stage 2 and Stage 3 are the high-risk stages. Female,unmarried is the dangerous characteristics of psychological vulnerability.
Tripartite of Malnutrition: Co-existence of Underweight, Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiency Among Children in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Sawe Caroline J. , Kogi-Makau W , Ettyang Grace A. K. , CO Kimamo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Challenges facing Kenyan government include childhood underweight, overweight and micronutrient deficiencies. These forms of malnutrition have existed in several regions of the world with their consequences spreading to old age. A total of 11% of Kenyan children are underweight while 4% are overweight. Micronutrient deficiency affects 2 billion people worldwide with iron and Vitamin A Deficiency affecting 60% and 70% of children in Sub Saharan Africa respectively. Only 72% of Kenyan children consume diets rich in Vitamin A. This study assessed the status of underweight, overweight and micronutrient deficiency among children in Kisumu County, Kenya. Methods: Cross sectional study was used that recruited 384 children aged less than 2 years. Anthropometric measurements assessed nutritional status while food frequency questionnaire assessed nutrient intake of children. STATA V.14 analyzed data. Bivariate analysis linked outcome and independent variables while multinomial logistic regression assessed factors influencing malnutritional status of children. Results: A total of 23% of children were underweight while 30% were overweight. Only 10% consumed carbohydrate adequate diets while 31% consumed foods rich in iron. Mothers earning more than Ksh 3,000 had 60% higher risks of their children being underweight compared to those earning less than Ksh 2,999 per month while children living in permanent houses had 50% lower risks of being underweight compared to those living in temporary houses. Children aged between 19 and 24 months had 80% higher risks of being overweight compared to those aged below 6 months while those living in permanent houses had 40% lower risks of being overweight compared to those living in temporary houses. Those with inadequate carbohydrate and iron intake had 20% and 80% lower risks respectively of being overweight compared to those with adequate intake. Conclusion: In Kisumu county, 23% of children were underweight while 30% were overweight. Only 31% consumed diets rich in iron sources. Mothers’ income, type of housing and micronutrient intake were associated with nutritional status of children. Interventions and policies to target this early age as is window period of opportunity.
Association of Interleukin-18 genotypes (-607 C&gt;A ) and (-137 G&gt;C) with the hepatitis B virus disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ali Taqveema , Saxena Roli , Rani Isha , Sharma Renuka , More Deepti , Ola Rajendra , Agarwal Stuti , Chawla Yogesh Kumar , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chronic infection with HBV has been reported to be associated with the development of HCC. The inflammation mounted by cytokine mediated immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV associated HCC. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose role in the development of HBV associated chronic to malignant disease state has not been much studied. The present study was conceived to determine the role of genetic polymorphisms in IL-18, serum levels of IL-18 and expression level of its signal transducers in the HBV disease progression. A total of 403 subjects were enrolled for this study including 102 healthy subjects and 301 patients with HBV infection in different diseased categories. Polymorphism was determined using PCR-RFLP. Genotypic distributions between the groups were compared using odd’s ratio and 95% CI were calculated to express the relative risk. Circulating IL-18 levels were determined by ELISA. Expression level of pSTAT1 and pNFƙB were determined by western blotting. In case of IL-18(-607C > A), the heterozygous genotype (CA) was found to be a protective factor while in case of IL-18(-137G > C) the heterozygous genotype (GC) acted as a risk factor for disease progression from HBV to HCC. Moreover, serum IL-18 levels were significantly increased during HBV disease progression to HCC as compared to controls. Also the levels of activated signal transducers (pSTAT1 and pNF-κB) of IL-18 in stimulated PBMCs were significantly increased during HBV to HCC disease progression. These findings suggest that IL-18 has the potential to act as a biomarker of HBV related disease progression to HCC.
Application of Latent Class Analysis in Assessing the Mental Health of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ran , Liu Rongxun , Liang Lijuan , Wang Yang , Wei Yange , Zhu Rongxin , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. The mental health of medical students under the COVID-19 epidemic has attracted much attention. This study aims to identify subgroups of medical students based on mental health status and explore the influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods: A total of 29,663 medical students were recruited during the epidemic of COVID-19 in China. Latent class analysis of the mental health of medical students was performed using M-plus software to identify subtypes of medical students. The latent class subtypes were compared using the chi-square test. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between identified classes and related factors. Results: In this study, three distinct subgroups were identified, namely, the high-risk group, the low-risk group and the normal group. Therefore, medical students can be divided into three latent classes, and the number of students in each class is 4325, 9321 and 16,017. The multinomial logistic regression results showed that compared with the normal group, the factors influencing mental health in the high-risk group were insomnia, perceived stress, family psychiatric disorders, fear of being infected, drinking, individual psychiatric disorders, sex, educational level and knowledge of COVID-19, according to the intensity of influence from high to low. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that latent class analysis can be used to categorize different medical students according to their mental health subgroup during the outbreak of COVID-19. The main factors influencing the high-risk group and low-risk group are basic demographic characteristics, disease history, COVID-19 related factors and behavioral lifestyle, among which insomnia and perceived stress have the greatest impact. School administrative departments could utilize more specific measures on the basis of different subgroups, and provide targeted measures.
An Unusual Phenotype in Dutch Patients With Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 4: Evident Hypopigmentation Without Other Ocular Deficits.
Authors: Kruijt Charlotte C , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline E , Wit Gerard C de , Florijn Ralph F , Genderen Maria M van 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the phenotype of Dutch patients with oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4).Patients and Methods: We collected data on pigmentation (skin, hair, and eyes), visual acuity (VA), nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, chiasmal misrouting, and molecular analyses of nine Dutch OCA4 patients from the Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for complex visual disorders.Results: All patients had severely reduced pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes with iris transillumination over 360 degrees. Three unrelated OCA4 patients had normal VA, no nystagmus, no foveal hypoplasia, and no misrouting of the visual pathways. Six patients had poor visual acuity (0.6 to 1.0 logMAR), nystagmus, severe foveal hypoplasia and misrouting. We found two novel mutations in the SLC45A2 gene, c.310C>T; p.(Pro104Ser), and c.1368+3_1368+9del p.(?).Discussion: OCA4 patients of this Dutch cohort all had hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and iris translucency. However, patients were either severely affected with regard to visual acuity, foveal hypoplasia, and misrouting, or visually not affected at all. We describe for the first time OCA4 patients with an evident lack of pigmentation, but normal visual acuity, normal foveal development and absence of misrouting. This implies that absence of melanin does not invariably lead to foveal hypoplasia and abnormal routing of the visual pathways.
SIRT1 Activation Attenuates Microglia Mediated Synaptic Engulfment in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Sun Yi , Wang Yuzhu , Ye Fan , Lin Dandan , Shi Hui , Zhang Yan , Wu Anshi , Wei Changwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a debilitating neurological complication in surgical patients. Current studies mainly focus on microglia activation, however, less is known about the mechanism underlying neuronal synaptic changes involved in microglia activation. Recent studies indicate that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays critical roles in different neurological disorders, and is involved in microglia activation. Herein, we evaluated the effects of SIRT1 activation on POCD.MethodsExploratory laparotomy were employed on mice (12-14 month) under sevoflurane anesthesia to establish model of POCD. Transcriptional changes in hippocampus after anesthesia and surgery were evaluated by RNA sequencing. SIRT1 expression were verified by Western Blot. Mice were treated with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 or vehicle after surgery. Changes in microglia morphology, microglial phagocytosis, as well as dystrophic neurites and dendritic spine density were determined. Cognitive functions were evaluated by Y maze and Morris water maze.ResultsSIRT1 expression levels were downregulated in anesthesia and surgery group. Anesthesia and surgery lead to microglia morphology alteration, enhanced synaptic engulfment, dendritic spine loss, and cognitive deficits in our mice model, all of which were alleviated by SRT1720 administration.ConclusionOur study unveils one of the roles of SIRT1 in POCD pathogenesis. SIRT1 activation may represent a therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of POCD.
ROS-Responsive Dimeric Prodrug-Based Nanomedicine Targeted Therapy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ma Jiachi , Chen Yuzhong , Liang Wanqing , Li Lei , Du Jun , Pan Chengwu , Zhang Chensong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major public health problem. Ursolic acid (UA) is reported to be effective in inhibiting GC; however, its low solubility and poor biocompatibility have greatly hindered its clinical application. Results: Herein, an innovative ROS-sensitive UA dimeric prodrug is developed by coupling two UA molecules via a ROS-cleavable linkage, which can self-assemble into stable nanoparticles in the presence of surfactant. This new UA-based delivery system comprises the following major components: Ⅰ) dimeric prodrug inner core that can achieve high drug-loading (55%, w/w) and undergo rapid and selective conversion into intact drug molecules in response to ROS; Ⅱ) a polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell to improve colloid stability and extend blood circulation, and Ⅲ) surface-modified iRGD to increase tumor targeting. Conclusion: Enhancement of the antitumor effect of this delivery system was demonstrated against GC tumors in vitro and in vivo. This novel approach offers the potential for clinical applications of UA.
Associations of preoperative serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the prognosis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Lin Qingqing , Liu Wenchao , Xu Song , Sun Liping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The effect of serum lipids on ovarian cancer is controversial. We conduct this study to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma lipid profile in patients with ovarian cancer.
Methods
The medical records of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in our department were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Serum lipids profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and clinicopathologic data were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
Multivariable Cox regression analysis found that preoperative higher LDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR 2.088, 95% CI 1.052–4.147, p = 0.035), whereas higher HDL-C level showed significant association with better PFS (HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.247–0.975, p = 0.042). Further Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that OS was longer for patients with low levels of LDL-C (< 2.76 mmol/L) compared to those with high levels of LDL-C (≥ 2.76 mmol/L) (P = 0.028), and PFS was better for patients with high levels of HDL-C (≥ 1.19 mmol/L) compared to those with low levels of HDL-C (< 1.19 mmol/L) (P = 0.001).
Conclusions
Preoperative HDL-C and LDL-C levels are significant predictors of clinical outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Circulating immunocytes and complements are correlated with severity of ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Ximeng , Huang Shicun , Xu Jialiang , Zhang Sheng , Lu Haifeng , Xiao Xinyi , Wang Yiqing , Xue Qun , Ni Jianqiang , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Immune factors are found to be involved in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke. However, the clinical role of the immune system in stroke remains unclear. Our study was designed to investigate the correlation between immunocytes (T cell, B cell, NK cell), complements and stroke severity.
Methods

236 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were included in our study and divided to mild, moderate and severe groups according to NHISS score at stroke onset. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess short-term prognosis 3 months after stroke. We also collected clinical data and test circulating T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, B cells, NK cells, C3, C4, complement factor B (CFB) of each patient.
Results

We found NK cell(p = 0. 015), CFB (p = 0. 007), C3 (p = 0. 035) were significantly elevated in groups with higher NHISS score. CD4 + T cell (p = 0. 009), T cell (p = 0. 001) were decreased in groups with higher NHISS score. In multivariate logistic regression, CFB and C3 were independently associated with severity of stroke. CD4 + T cell, NK cell, T cell were independently associated with severe ischemic stroke. NK cell (p = 0.049), CFB (p = 0.035), C4 (p = 0.028) are were significantly higher in groups with higher mRS score. In binary analyses, CFB (p = 0.009, OR: 1.056, 95%CI: 1.014–1.099), C4 (p = 0.011, OR: 134.444, 95%CI: 3.115-5803.504) were independently associated with prognosis at 3 months after stroke adjusting onset.
Conclusions

Elevated circulating CFB was correlated with both severe symptom at stroke onset and worse prognosis. It indicates that CFB may be a predictor of stroke severity and prognosis. Reduced T cell counts, elevated C3 and NK cell were associated with severe symptom at stroke onset. C4 was associated with short-term prognosis.
Synthesis of Magnetic Ions-Doped QDs Synthesized via a Facial Aqueous Solution Method for Optical/MR Dual-Modality Imaging Applications
Authors: Gharghargani Shima , zare hakimeh , Shahedi Zahra , Fazaeli Yousef , Rahighi Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research reports the preparation and examination of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Quantum Dots and doping CdTe QDs with Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), and Manganese (Mn) prepared in aqueous solution using TGA as a capping agent. Magnetic QDs (MQDs) are important agents for fluorescence (FL) /magnetic resonance (MR) dual-modal imaging due to their excellent optical and magnetic properties. Herein, the chemical bonds, structural, fluorescence, and magnetized properties of CdTe QDs and effect of Mn, Eu, and Gd ions doping on their properties were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements (VSM). Almost similar X-Ray patterns with the absence/presence of ions for all samples with cubic crystal structures were obtained which indicates that the introduction of ions into CdTe QDs could not alteration the cubic primary structure of CdTe. Monodisperse size distribution with seemingly-spherical shapes, and also, the estimated mean diameters about 3 and less than 3 nm of QDs Were obtained. The effect of X ions injection on the fluorescence and UV-Vis properties of the QDs were also investigated. Optical studies showed the decreases in bandgap with the heating time increases during synthesis, and they undergo red-shift. The CdTe nanocrystals with high PL quantum yields were achieved in more than 6 h of heating. Also, investigations have shown the quenching of fluorescence by the existence of ions in the CdTe QDs. And Also, all the ions doped QDs exhibited ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature by a vibrating sample magnetometer which confirmed the success of the presentation of ions into CdTe cubic crystal structure. They can have been employed as a suitable contrast agent successfully for biological applications such as FL/MR dual-modal imaging.
Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Cu doped ZnO Thin Films Grown by RF Magnetron Sputtering: Application to Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Khalfallah Bilel , Riahi I. , Chaabouni F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
RF sputtered undoped and Cu doped ZnO (CZO) thin films were deposited on unheated glass substrates using a mixed Cu2O and ZnO powders target at different Cu concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%. The effects of copper concentration on the structural, electrical, optical and photocatalytic properties of CZO films have been studied. From XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies, it was found that the deposited films were polycrystalline with a predominant hexagonal wurtzite structure along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The presence of multiple interference fringes in the transmittance and reflectance spectra shows the good homogeneity of the films. All the films are highly transparent with transparency reaching 80% indicating the possibility to use these films as an optical window. The absorption tail gradually shifted towards a higher wavelength side, which resulted in the decrease of bandgap energy from 3.35 to 3.26 eV. All the sputtered films are highly conductive with a conductivity reaching 104 S.cm− 1.The effect of Cu-doping on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin films for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was studied under sunlight irradiation and the results showed that the Cudoping provokes appreciable degradation of MB and reached a maximum for the 1 wt.% Cu doped ZnO film.
Three-Dimensional Scaffold, Light Emitting Diode (LED) And Melatonin Effects on Cell Proliferation and Testosterone Secretion in TM3 Leydig Cells
Authors: Alavi Badrossadat , Shojaei Mohammad , Haghpanah Tahereh , Mirzaei Vida , Esfahlani Mohsen Abedini , Jalalkamali Mahshid , Seyedi Fatemeh , Nematollahi-mahani Seyed Noureddin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Different effects of fibrin scaffold, green LED and melatonin on cell proliferation and differentiation have received extensive attentions. Testosterone, the most important sex hormone is secreted by Leydig cells to regulate spermatogenesis and many other phenomena in the body organs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proliferation of Leydig cells and their testosterone secretion under the influence of three-dimensional scaffold culture, green light irradiation and melatonin. The experimental groups, were TM3 cells incorporated in 3D scaffold culture, exposed to green light and also exposed to melatonin individually, in pairs and three factors together. Cell proliferation and testosterone secretion were measured after 72 hr. Cell cycle genes including PCNA, CYCLIND1, CDC2 and CDKN1B and, testosterone related genes; GATA4 and RORα were also examined. In general, three-dimensional scaffold increased Leydig cells proliferation, testosterone secretion and the expression of the related genes. On the other hand, melatonin decreased cell proliferation and testosterone synthesis. Green light did not significantly change the results but slightly decreased cell proliferation and testosterone synthesis. Combination of green light with melatonin significantly reduced the outcome while, light with scaffold increased the results. Application of light + scaffold + melatonin covered the decreasing effect of melatonin.