bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers: A field study on Kuwaiti Public Schools: الأنماط القيادية لدى مديري المدارس وأثرها على الالتزام التنظيمي للمعلمين: دراسة ميدانية على المدارس الحكومية الكويتية
Authors: Hanan Mohammed Alghadhouri  
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed at identifying the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers in Kuwait public schools. The researcher has applied the Relational Descriptive Approach because it suits the objectives of the current study, and the study tool consisted of a questionnaire fir data collection. The sample of the current study consisted of 383)) teachers from Kuwaiti public schools. The study found that the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals in Kuwaiti public schools were of medium-level, as they scored a mean of (3.62 out of 5.00.) At the level of the axis of styles, the democratic style has ranked first with a mean of 3.98)). The easy principal has ranked second with a mean of 3.70)), and these two styles were of a high level. The autocratic style has ranked third with a mean of 3.19) ) which is of medium level. The results of the study showed that the organizational commitment has scored a mean of (3.85 out of 5.00 )with a high level. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect at the level of significance (α≤0.05) of the degree of the Leadership Styles of Schools Principals and Their Effect in the Organizational Commitment of Teachers which amounted 94.8%)), which means that it is (high and strong). The study recommended increasing the awareness of school principals about of Leadership Styles, and how to apply and exercise them within the educational institution.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN A SAMPLE OF PRIMARY STAGE PUPILS IN JEDDAH: الأمن النفسي وعلاقته بالسلوك العدواني لدى عينة من تلميذات المرحلة الابتدائية مدينة جدة
Authors: Kheryah Hassan j. Al- Yamani  
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological security and aggressive behavior inside the primary schools for girls in Jeddah. The study dealt with sample of different age groups of primary school children fifth and sixth grade. The sample of the study consisted of 200 from fifth grade and 100 students from sixth grade specifically selected from the student living with their parents as well as randomly selected from different schools in Jeddah. Their ages are between (11- 12) years old. The researcher used the Psychological Security Scale prepared by Mikhimar (2003) and Aggressive Behavior Scale prepared by Amal bada (1991). Method used the study based on descriptive- correlational research design to study the type of relationship between psychological security and aggressive behavior. Results showed the following: • It was found that the strongest inverse association between psychological security scale and aggressive behavior scale across all two- student samples if when one increases the other decreases or as one decreases the other increases. • There was no significant relationship between needs for psychological security and levels of study. The results showed that، the students from fifth grade and sixth grade have the same need for psychological security. • Researcher has found no link between students’ study levels and aggressive behavior scale. Both the students from fifth grade and sixth grade have the same of aggressive behavior scale.
Analysis of the relationship between the unemployment rate and the contribution of the productive sectors to GDP in Sudan: using ARDL: تحليل العلاقة بين معدل البطالة ومساهمة القطاعات الإنتاجية بالناتج المحلي الإجمالي في السودان: باستخدام نماذج الانحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع ARDL
Authors: Yousif Saeed Ahmed Amin ,  Suha Seifeldin Noureldaim Ahmed  
Published: May 2021

The study aims to examine the relationship between the unemployment rate and the contribution of the productive sectors to gross domestic product (GDP) in Sudan. It is assumed that there is statistically significant relationship between the unemployment rate and the contribution of the agricultural, industrial and service sectors in the GDP. The variables were subjected to several econometrics tests, such as Augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF), Autoregressive Distributed- lagged (ARDL) and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to test the short- and long- term relationship between study variables. The results of the descriptive analysis indicate that the average of unemployment rate is (17.7%) exceeds the average growth rate (4.9%) more than three times. While the results of the econometrics tests, including Augmented Dickey–Fuller, confirmed that the time series of the contribution of the agricultural and the industrial sectors are integrated from the degree one, while the time series of the unemployment rate is stationary at the level. The bounds test for co- integration within the Autoregressive Distributed- lagged methodology results provided evidence of a long- run equilibrium relationship between the unemployment rate and the share of productive sectors in GDP. While the estimation results of the long- run parameters of the ARDL the model showed a negative correlation between the unemployment rate and the share of the industrial sectors in the gross domestic product, with a time lag of (4) time periods. While the results of the error correction model confirmed that the unemployment rate is adjusted to its equilibrium value in each time period by 4.4% of the remaining balance of the period with onetime lag. According to the results, the study recommended restructuring the productive sectors of the Sudanese economy, increasing the investments directed towards them, developing them, raising their efficiency, absorptive and operational capacity through multiple strategies that seek to increase employment opportunities. In addition to improve the efficiency of Sudanese labor through the development of educational curricula, training programs and professional to improve the efficiency of the supply of labor and increasing the demand for them in a way that absorbs the increasing numbers in the workforce. In addition to adopts strategies that focus on transformational training in line with current and future markets need.
The role of internal audit in reducing the risks of the electronic accounting information system: دور المراجعة الداخلية في تخفيض مخاطر نظام المعلومات المحاسبية الالكترونية
Authors: Abdulmutallab Othman Mahmoud  
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to clarify the effect of the utilization of electronic accounting information systems on the function of internal audit in government agencies. To put the research objective into effect, the research used the analytical descriptive approach and the field study approach. The research community, on the other hand, comprised of overall internal auditors of the government agencies in Sudan. In order to collect and analyze the field study data, the research used a questionnaire form, which distributed to a random sample, the amount of which is 100 internal auditors’ individuals of whom 99 individuals are the respondents, with a percentage amounts to 99%. The research used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS) to perform the appropriate statistical treatments. The research has reached a number of research findings including the following: The level of internal auditors’ qualification at the public administration of internal audit of the government agencies, does not proportionate with the environment of electronically data processing. The more the internal auditor acquires knowledge and cognizance of the electronic data processing, the less risk of accounting procedures to take effect.
The Role of Investment in Road Development in Egypt: دور الاستثمار في تنمية الطرق البرية في مصر
Authors: Yasmine Mahmoud Elgazzar  
Published: May 2021

The paper illustrates the role of investment in the roads transportation sector development in Egypt. As the investments is considered an important source of external funding especially for countries that are characterized by low level of savings and investments like Egypt. As the country is seeking to attract many investments in order to work on the expansion and the construction of new urban communities and industrial centers. Egypt also is trying work on extending the roads networks between the different regions. The thing that made it a necessity for Egypt to attract the private investment sector as source to finance these investments in the transportation sector. To achieve the objective of the paper, both inductive and descriptive analytical approaches will be combined. The study concluded that there should be integration between economic activity plans and expansion plans in transport activities depending on the size of investment and also encourage the private sector to provide many investments to help the growth of industries, intensify investment and participate in the wheel of economic development. ، ، ، ، ، ،
Comparative assessment of various root canal sealer for failure mode after obturation; An in vitro study
Authors: Manoj Chandak  , Richa Modi  , Aditya Patel  , Pooja Chandak  , Madhulika Chandak  , Rakhi Chandak  , Anuja Ikhar  
Published: May 2021

Success of root canal treatment depends upon five major steps. Among them, biomechanical preparation is most important. Root canal system shows various anatomical variations. These variations will help microorganism to harbour themselves. In order to disinfect the root canal, various irrigating solutions are used. These chemical solutions may change the surface characteristics of root dentin. Hence, this study was carried out with an aim- to determine the failure mode of sealer after obturation using the various irrigating solution. The study was carried out using 40 extracted premolars. Biomechanical preparation was done using the crown down technique. Various irrigating solutions, namely, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, QMIX 2 in1, 17% EDTA liquid were used for irrigation. Later obturation was done using AH plus sealer and cold condensation technique. A section of 5mm root was obtained at the middle one third. Push out bond strength was evaluated and the mode of failure of the sealer was noted. The maximum number of mixed failure mode (n=7) in Qmix 2 in1as well as in 2% CHX. Similarly, in 5.25% NaOCl, 8 samples showed Mixed failure mode. However, in 17% EDTA, the equal number of the sample had Adhesive and Mixed type of failure mode (n=5). Use of EDTA + CHX or QMix during final irrigation significantly improved sealer penetratin resulting in impervious seal to the obturation. Thus contributing to the success of endodontic treatment.
Meningkatkan Kesadaran Akan Pendidikan, Warisan Dan Pernikahan Dini pada SMA Taruna Bangsa
Authors: Nasib Nasib - , Fadli Ahmad , Hou Amin , Sari Vina Winda , Martin Martin 
Published: May 2021

Pendidikan, warisan dan pernikahan dini merupakan suatu fenomena yang saat ini sering di kaji dalam berbagai kegiatan seminar, ceramah, di berbagai acara dan sangat menarik untuk di perbincangkan ,Pendidikan begitu sangat penting karena pendidikan pada saat ini sangat terkait dengan kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi setiap individu. Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan, keterampilan, mempertinggi budi pekerti, memperkuat kepribadian, dan mempertebal semangat kebersamaan agar dapat membangun diri sendiri dan bersama-sama membangun bangsa. Pendidikan terkait dengan kemampuan dalam memandang persoalan ,masalah dapat di selesaikan dengan baik jika kemampuan memahami permasalahan benar, dan dengan pendidkan seyogyanya masalah dapat di analisa dan di temukan solusi , Banyak permasalahan sosial timbul di tengah masyarakat yang di sebabkan kurang baik nya system pendidikan kita seperti keributan karena ketidak fahaman dalam pembagian warisan dan pernikahan dini di anggap hal yang wajar di tengah masyarakat namun berimplikasi panjang terhadap masa depan generasi kita
Pengembangan Konsep Desain Citra Kawasan Eduwisata Herbal di Kota Batu
Authors: Mahfud Choirul , Muhibbin Zainul , Prasetyawati Niken , Nasution Arman Hakim , Handiwibowo Gogor Arif , Idajati Hertiari , Umilia Ema , Subali Edy 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The village community needs the development of alternative designs that are suitable for the Herbal Education area in Batu City for the progress of Indonesia. The activities' strategy is planning an alternative design concept for the Batu City Herbal Education Area. This community service has theoretical benefits that add insight and knowledge about determining educational tours' location with various approaches. In practical terms, several added values are useful for providing input to officials and policymakers for Batu City tourism development, specifically in developing tourism with the concept of education through city image theory. This activity's impact is a good effect of these activities, especially landmarks that function optimally in building the area's image for visitors/observers in the development of the herbal education area of Batu City. More than that, it can also provide an impression/experience to visitors/observers regarding the state of the Batu City herbal education area. Also, to support in comparing the herbal education area of Batu city.
Planiranje poslovanja kao funkcija rukovođenja knjižnicom s osvrtom na planiranje upravljanja krizom
Authors: Balog Antal 
Published: May 2021

Cilj ovog rada jest objasniti osnovne pojmove planiranja poslovanja kao funkcije rukovođenja, zatim planiranja operativnih i regulacijskih funkcija u knjižnici te pove- zanost misije i vizije s organizacijskim ciljevima i strategijama rada. Nadalje, cilj mu je pridonijeti boljem razumijevanju strateškog plana razvoja knjižnice, njegove uobičajene strukture, potom razradi strateških ciljeva na posebne (ili speciﬁčne) ciljeve i operativne zadaće te ključnih pokazatelja uspješnosti njegove provedbe. Završni dio teksta govo- ri o operativnom ili godišnjem planiranju rada knjižnice uz kratki osvrt o planiranju upravljanja krizom, imajući u vidu aktualne krizne okolnosti, primjerice pandemiju, zemljotrese, poplave i tome slično.
Pristup/metodologija/oblikovanje. Rasprava započinje teorijskim uvodom u temu planiranja s daljnjom razradom općih pojmova i sadržaja strateškog i operativnog pla- niranja. U nastavku rada koristi se desk research metoda te metoda analize postoje- ćih postupaka strateškog planiranja u knjižnicama te njihovih strateških i operativnih (godišnjih) planova. Autor predlaže primjer strukture sadržaja strateškog plana razvoja knjižnice koji povezuje dobre prakse domaćih knjižnica s teorijom suvremenog me- nadžmenta.
Rezultati ovog rada pridonose boljem razumijevanju i učinkovitijem procesu obli- kovanja i donošenja strateških i operativnih planova knjižnice te njihova praćenja kori- štenjem ključnih pokazatelja uspješnosti provedbe.
Ograničenja. Istraživanje je ograničeno na knjižnice u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Praktična primjena. Sadržaj ovoga članka može pomoći knjižničarima i srodnim profesijama u razumijevanju planiranja kao funkcije rukovođenja u pripremi i provođe- nju strateških i operativnih planova knjižnice.
Društveni značaj ovoga članka sadržan je u boljem razumijevanju i mogućoj uspješnijoj primjeni teorijskih spoznaja strateškog i operativnog planiranja u poslovanju knjižnica kao ustanova od posebnog društvenog interesa.
Originalnost i vrijednost ovog rada jest u povezivanju teorijskih razmatranja stra- teškog i operativnog planiranja poslovanja knjižnica s njihovom praktičnom primjenom u upravljanju i rukovođenju.
Left-Wing Populism
Authors: Liargovas Panagiotis , Tzifakis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The transformation of syriza from a minor party struggling to enter parliament into a major governing party within a short period of time, its rule in the context of an economic crisis, and its resilience following four and a half years of governance make a very interesting story. syriza has been the only radical left populist party that has governed an EU country in recent times. This introductory article accounts for the factors that facilitated syriza’s catapulting to power, while the special issue assesses some of the main issues that the syriza-led government dealt with from 2015 to 2019. With the danger of oversimplifying a more complex picture, the special issue editors argue that syriza emerged as a serious contender to power owing to two factors: i) the errors in the economic policies of the governments that ruled during the 2010–2014 period, and ii) its successful exploitation of the opportunity to capitalize on the dynamics of a grassroots protest movement (the ‘Aganaktismenoi’) through the adoption of the movement’s populist discourses. The introduction then explicates the consolidation of syriza in the Greek political system and concludes with a brief presentation of the structure of the special issue.
Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Valvis Anastasios , Petropoulos Sotiris , Kaisari Katerina , Huliaras Asteris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Studies have identified variables that influence ngo objectives, organizational structures and activities, often related to the broader socio-economic context. Among the most important are the availability of funding and the density of networks. Both factors affect ngo s by driving them either to adjust priorities and widen or limit their operations and/or to become more or less extrovert. This article aims to assess whether, how and to what extent the recent refugee crisis has impacted the Greek ngo ecosystem in terms of scope of activities, professionalization, organizational structures and transnational networking. Available funding, mostly from European institutions, has suddenly and spectacularly increased while International ngo s (ingo s) established operations to Greece – some cooperating with local partners. Likewise, several Greek ngo s (gngo s) embarked on a process of significant operational expansion, mostly ‘in the field’ and as part of an ‘emergency response’. Also, a series of grassroots organizations have been created – mainly at the local level. Based on a series of interviews with executives of the most recognizable gngo s, funders and policymakers and a survey based on questionnaires, the authors argue that the impact was both positive and negative and varied extensively depending on the size and type of organization under focus.
Clinical impact of accepting or rejecting a recommendation from a clinical decision support system–assisted antibiotic stewardship program
Authors: Nadeau Esther , Mercier Adam , Perron Julie , Gilbert Mélanie , Nault Vincent , Beaudoin Mathieu , Abou Chakra Claire Nour , Valiquette Louis , Carignan Alex 
Published: May 2021

Background: Outcomes associated with physician responses to recommendations from an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) at an individual patient level have not yet been assessed. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics and mortality risk among patients for whom recommendations from an ASP were accepted or refused. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with hospitalized adults who received intravenous or oral antimicrobials at a 677-bed academic centre in Canada in 2014–2017. We included patients with an alert produced by a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for whom a recommendation was made by the pharmacist to the attending physician. The outcome was 90-day in-hospital all-cause mortality. Results: We identified 3,197 recommendations throughout the study period, of which 2,885 (90.2%) were accepted. The median length of antimicrobial treatment was significantly shorter when a recommendation was accepted (0.26 versus 1.78 d; p < 0.001). Refusal of a recommendation was not associated with mortality (odds ratio 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.89; p = 0.12). The independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, admission to a critical care unit, duration between admission and recommendation, and issuance of a recommendation on a carbapenem. Conclusions: The duration of antimicrobial treatment was significantly shorter when a recommendation originating from a CDSS-assisted ASP program was accepted. Future prospective studies including potential residual confounding variables, such as the source of infection or physiological derangement, might help in understanding whether CDSS-assisted ASP will have a direct impact on patient mortality.
KEMANDIRIAN DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DALAM MENGGUNAKAN EDMODO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Ilahi Ilham , Rizal Fahmi , Irfan Dedy 
Published: May 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p class="abstrak">Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan kontribusi kemandirian dan motivasi belajar dalam menggunakan Edmodo terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Administrasi Infrastruktur Jaringan di SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh. Metode penelitian menggunakan korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII TKJ SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh sebanyak 84 orang. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah seluruh populasi. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen angket untuk melihat kontribusi kemandirian dan motivasi belajar. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, korelasi <em>product moment</em>, dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam menggunakan Edmodo, kemandirian belajar berkontribusi positif terhadap hasil belajar; motivasi belajar berkontribusi positif terhadap hasil belajar; kemandirian dan motivasi belajar secara simultan berkontribusi positif terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Administrasi Infrastruktur Jaringan di SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh.</p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="abstrak"><em>The research objective was to prove the contribution of self-regulated learning and learning motivation in using Edmodo to learning outcomes in Network Infrastructure Administration subjects at SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh. The research method used correlational. The research population was 84 students of class XII TKJ SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh. The research sample used was the entire population. The research data were collected using a questionnaire instrument to see the contribution of independence and learning motivation. Analysis of research data used descriptive statistics, product moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that in using Edmodo, students' self regulated learning contributed positively to learning outcomes; learning motivation contributes positively to learning outcomes; self-regulated learning and learning motivation simultaneously contribute positively to student learning outcomes in Network Infrastructure Administration subjects at SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh.</em></p>