bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of RF elements on thin plastic substrate using laser engraving technique
Authors: Littman Nickolas , Steven G O’Keefe , Galehdar Amir , Espinosa Hugo G , Thiel David V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel fabrication process using a laser machining is proposed, allowing for the creation of arbitrary conductor geometries on an ultrathin dielectric substrate. During the engraving process, a thin aluminum layer is removed from a Mylar substrate, leaving a periodic conductive array. This process provides several advantages over existing techniques and may open additional applications due to the ability to economically create ultra-thin, conformal, optically transparent, light weight surfaces. The proposed technique is modelled and validated through experimental measurements of fabricated simple band-stop square and circle loop frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results with resonances 9.9 GHz and 10 GHz for the square loop and 14.2 GHz and 14.4 GHz for the circle loop.
Wave-particle duality in single-photon entanglement
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Shengmei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle-photon entanglement, the entanglement between vacuum state and single-photon state, is essentially the entanglement of particle characteristics. Wave-particle duality indicates that wave property and particle property could coexist. Can we find evidence of wave-behavior entanglement in single-photon entanglement? Here, based on the construction of Bell-like inequality in wave space, we propose a method to verify the wave-particle duality in single-photon entanglement. First, we define the wave state in two-dimensional space relative to the photon number state, and propose a method to measure the wave state. The strong violation of Bell’s inequality based on the joint measurement of wave states indicates the existence of single-photon entanglement, and the wave is the conjugate variable of the particle. Wave state entanglement obtained from Fourier transform of single photon entanglement and the corresponding measurement protocols will provide us with more information-carrying schemes in the field of quantum information. The difference in the representation in photon-number space and wave space implies the wave-particle duality of single photon entanglement.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in older adults using aged care services
Authors: Hsu Benjumin , Korda Rosemary , Naganathan Vasi , Lewis Peter , Ooi Sze-Yuan , Brieger David , Jorm Louisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older adults using community and residential care services.

Methods
The study population comprised people aged 45+ from the 45 and Up Study (2006–09, n = 266,942) in Australia linked with records for hospital stays, aged care service and deaths for the period 2006–14. Follow-up time for each person was allocated to three categories of service use: no aged care, community care and residential care, with censoring at date of death. We calculated the prevalence at baseline and entry to aged care, and incidence rates for major CVD and six cardiovascular diagnoses, seven cardiovascular interventions (collectively CV interventions), cardiovascular-related intensive care unit stays and cardiovascular death.

Results
The prevalence of major CVD at entry into community care and residential care was 41% and 58% respectively. Incidence per 1,000 person-years of all major CVD hospitalisations and CV interventions, respectively, was 182.8 (95% CI: 180.0-185.8) and 37.0 (95% CI: 35.6–38.4) for people using community care, and 280.7 (95% CI: 272.2–289.4) and 11.7 (95% CI: 9.8–13.9) for people using residential care. Similar trends were observed for each of the CVD diagnoses and interventions. Crude incidence rates for cardiovascular deaths per 1,000 person-years were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.5) in no aged care, 13.3 (95% CI: 12.6–14.1) in community care, and 149.7 (95% CI: 144.4–155.2) in residential care.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the significant burden of CVD in people using both community-based and residential aged care services and highlights the importance of optimising cardiovascular care for older adults.
Economic Persistence Despite Adverse Policies: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Guirkinger Catherine , Aldashev Gani , Aldashev Alisher , Fodor Mate 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the long-run persistence of relative economic well-being under adverse government policies using a combination of historical and contemporaneous data from Kyrgyzstan. After controlling for unobservable local effects, the economic well-being of Kyrgyz households in the 2010s correlates with the early twentieth-century average wealth of their tribes. Inequality at the tribe level in the 2010s correlates with wealth inequality in the early twentieth century. The likely channels of persistence are the inter-generational transmission of human capital, relative status, political power and cultural traits. Transmission of material wealth, differences in natural endowments or geographic sorting cannot explain persistence.
A 24-Hour Extended Calibration Strategy for Quantitating Tacrolimus Concentrations by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Brister-Smith Allister , Young Jeffrey A , Saitman Alec 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Tacrolimus has a low therapeutic index requiring strict control of whole blood concentrations. Although random access immunoassay platforms exist that rapidly provide quantitative values for tacrolimus, LC–MS/MS may provide more accurate quantitation. However, batch testing in many LC–MS/MS assays is not efficient, particularly when testing patients suspected of having tacrolimus toxicity. Extending calibration curve stability beyond the traditionally accepted single batch may facilitate improved turnaround time and reduce testing costs. A 24-h extended calibration of LC–MS/MS tacrolimus was designed and validated to reduce calibrator usage, improve turnaround time, and provide a more efficient workflow for urgent requests.

Methods
Patient samples included in the study were extracted and assayed with coextracted calibrators and quality control in real time. The same patient samples were extracted again 24 h later without coextracted calibrators. The data acquired from the second patient sample extraction was applied to the original calibration curve acquired 24 h prior and compared to the data for the same samples coextracted with calibrators, creating a value set utilizing extended curve stability.

Results
A linear regression compared the results using the extended curve to the results of the coextracted acquisitions. This yielded a strong correlation between the 2 data populations, with a slope of 1.0061 and a correlation coefficient of &gt;0.95. The average bias between original patient values and patient values 24 h later was 3.4% across all patient samples.

Conclusions
Patient tacrolimus values were comparable when extracted within 24 h of calibration versus values coextracted with calibrators. Demonstrating comparability within 24 h of calibration allows the laboratory to provide rapid turnaround time for urgent samples without the need for an entirely new calibration curve.
Ground and Stem Sampling as Potential Detection Tools for the Wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: MacQuarrie Chris J K , Fidgen Jeffrey G , Turgeon Jean J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The wool of the invasive, non-native hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), occurs mostly on hemlock (Tsuga sp.) twigs, but can be dislodged from the canopy and end up on the forest floor and tree stem underneath the canopy. Herein, we developed and tested the efficacy of two novel sampling techniques, which are based on a visual examination of the forest floor and the hemlock stem for A. tsugae wool. Subsequently, we compared these two techniques to a visual examination of foliage and ball sampling which are two methods currently used operationally. We sampled 11 hemlock stands, with low to moderate incidence A. tsugae populations, near Ithaca, New York in 2016 and assessed the probability of detecting wool on a tree and in a stand, as well as the relative variation and relative net precision for each of the four techniques. We found that sampling the tree stem outperformed foliage and ground sampling, likely because of its higher detection rate and lower relative variation, but not ball sampling. Our findings suggest that combining stem, ball and ground sampling was the most effective combination of techniques and gave a high probability of detecting an infested tree or an infested stand. All techniques were an improvement over foliage sampling, even after increasing the foliage sampling effort fivefold.
Avatāras, Goddesses, and Kauravas: Reading the Old KannadaSauptikaparvanas an Alternative Ending to theMahābhārata
Authors: Lorndale Timothy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the reception history of the Sauptikaparvan in Old Kannada, examining two particular tellings of the Mahābhārata: the Vikramārjunavijaya of Pampa (VAV; ca. 941 C.E.) and the Sāhasabhīmavijaya of Ranna (SBhV; ca. 997–1008 C.E.). I argue that these two Old Kannada Mahābhāratas transform the Sauptikaparvan’s iconic massacre into an episode about challenging the actions of Kṛṣṇa, the avatāra of Viṣṇu, and temporarily restoring Duryodhana to power. In doing so, the Kaurava king is allowed to end the war on his own terms. He ultimately dies upholding the principles of Kṣatriyadharma that he previously advocated and fought for. Through a close and comparative reading, I show how for these two texts the Sauptikaparvan becomes a space in which they can question and respond to larger issues of theology, dharma, and human effort in the Mahābhārata’s reception history.
Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation on Infant Acute Respiratory Infections: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Morris Shaun K , Pell Lisa G , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Mahmud Abdullah Al , Shi Joy , Ahmed Tahmeed , Dimitris Michelle C , Gubbay Jonathan B , Islam M Munirul , Kashem Tahmid , Keya Farhana K , Mohsin Minhazul , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Science Michelle , Shanta Shaila S , Sumiya Mariya K , Zlotkin Stanley , Roth Daniel E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
We examined the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants up to 6 months of age in Bangladesh.

Methods
This study was nested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-arm dose-ranging trial of prenatal and postpartum vitamin D supplementation. One group of women received 0 IU vitamin D per week during pregnancy and for 26 weeks post delivery (“placebo” group), one group received high-dose prenatal vitamin D supplementation of 28 000 IU per week and 26 weeks post delivery, and there were 3 additional dose-ranging groups receiving vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy only (4200, 16 800, and 28 000 IU per week, respectively). Episodes of ARI were identified by active and passive surveillance. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed ARI, and the primary analysis compared the high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D vs placebo groups.

Results
In total, 1174 mother-infant pairs were included. Among infants born to mothers in the placebo group, 98% had a venous umbilical cord 25(OH)D level below 30 nmol/L compared with none in the high-dose prenatal plus postdelivery vitamin D group. Incidence of microbiologically confirmed ARI in the high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D (1.21 episodes per 6 person-months; N = 235) and placebo groups (1.07 episodes per 6 person-months; N = 234) was not significantly different (hazard ratio of 1.12 [95% confidence intervals: 0.90-1.40]). There were no differences in the incidence of microbiologically confirmed or clinical ARI, upper, lower, or hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection between high-dose prenatal plus postpartum vitamin D and placebo groups.

Conclusions
Despite a high prevalence of maternal baseline vitamin D deficiency and significant effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation on infant vitamin D status, the intervention did not reduce the risk of microbiologically confirmed ARI in infants up to 6 months of age.
Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Urine Dried on Filter Paper
Authors: Amin Minal M , Wong Phili , McCann Mark , Dollard Sheila C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Urine is the best specimen for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus, but collection and processing of liquid urine are impractical for screening. Urine dried on filter paper was processed by the same convenient, low-cost method used by newborn screening to test blood spots and showed high sensitivity and specificity.
Labour productivity during the Great Depression and the Great Recession in UK engineering and metal manufacture
Authors: Hart Robert A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article compares UK labour productivity during the Great Depression (GD) and the Great Recession (GR) in engineering, metal working, and allied industries. Over the downturn of the GD cycle, hourly labour productivity was countercyclical. Over the GR downturn, hourly productivity was procyclical. The combined flexibility of workers and hours, together with short-run diminishing returns, is argued to be the main drivers behind the GD productivity outcomes. There was less workers and hours responsiveness in the GR downturn. These differences are linked to educational and human capital arguments. Employers’ real-wage costs feature importantly in both depressions. In the GD, real hourly product wages rose steeply serving to encourage shorter work weeks, which produced positive impacts on average hourly labour productivity. Unusually, high-labour supply pressures in the GR acted to reduce real hourly product wages serving to protect the jobs of less efficient workers and to lower average hourly labour productivity.
Managed logging negatively affects the density and abundance of some dry forest specialist bird species of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan Ramos , Las-Casas Flor Maria Guedes , Silva Weber Andrade de Girão e , Naka Luciano Nicolás 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Caatinga, the largest region of seasonally dry tropical forest in the Neotropics, suffers high rates of deforestation and habitat degradation, mostly due to wood extraction. As an alternative to illegal logging, governments have looked at more sustainable management schemes, allowing natural regeneration after logging through relatively long (~25-year) harvest rotations. We investigated the impacts of forest management at a 1,700-ha privately owned area located at the Araripe Plateau, in the semiarid interior of northeastern Brazil, focusing on the population parameters of 8 avian species. The property was subdivided into 22 forest stands, where a different stand has been logged every year since 2004. By 2016, when we sampled the avifauna, 12 forest stands had already been logged and allowed to regrow, creating a landscape of logged and unlogged stands and a 12-year forest recovery chrono-sequence. We conducted distance-based sampling along transects to estimate the density and abundance of these species in logged and unlogged stands. We found that logging impacted 3 of the target species. Two of them (Megaxenops parnaguae and Synallaxis scutata) were less abundant, whereas another (Sclerurus cearensis) disappeared altogether from logged areas. We also found a positive correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the avian density of the affected species. However, we failed to observe any significant relationship between forest recovery or NDVI and species densities, suggesting that even after 12 years of forest recovery, species abundance remains lower in logged than in unlogged areas. We found that logging impacted birds in a species-specific manner, with 5 species unaffected and 3 species declining. Although our sampling occurred half-way through the regeneration cycle, we found no evidence of recovery for those species most affected. We suggest keeping unlogged areas intermingled with logged stands, allowing the survival and potential recovery of species in regenerating forests.
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. v ASUSTEK COMPUTER INCORPORATION (No. 2)
Authors:   Patents Court
Published: April 2021

Abstract
H1 Patents – European patents – Standards essential patents – Infringement – FRAND trials – Striking out – Defendant no longer seeking FRAND licence and offering to submit to injunctive relief and pay damages for past acts of infringement – Damages remaining at large – Application to be removed from trial to determine FRAND royalty rate – Basis of assessment of damages – Relevance of terms of any FRAND licence settled by the court – Scope of sales for which damages payable – Assessment of appropriate royalty rate
Rapidly increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and limited clinical disease in three Malian communities: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sagara Issaka , Woodford John , Kone Mamady , Assadou Mahamadoun Hamady , Katile Abdoulaye , Attaher Oumar , Zeguime Amatigue , Doucoure M’Bouye , Higbee Emily , Lane Jacquelyn , Doritchamou Justin , Zaidi Irfan , Esposito Dominic , Kwan Jennifer , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Dicko Alassane , Duffy Patrick 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission in Mali and the surrounding region is not well understood, although infection has been confirmed in nearly 14,000 symptomatic individuals and their contacts since the first case in March 2020. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in three Malian communities, and understand factors associated with infection.MethodsBetween 27 July 2020 and 29 January 2021, we collected blood samples along with demographic, social, medical and self-reported symptoms information from residents aged 6 months and older in three study communities at two study visits. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using a highly specific two-antigen ELISA optimized for use in Mali. We calculated cumulative adjusted seroprevalence for each site and evaluated factors associated with serostatus at each visit by univariate and multivariate analysis.FindingsOverall, 94.8% (2533/2672) of participants completed both study visits. A total of 50.3% (1343/2672) of participants were male, and 31.3% (837/2672) were aged <10 years, 27.6% (737/2672) were aged 10-17 years, and 41.1% (1098/2572) were aged ≥18 years. The cumulative SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate was 58.5% (95% CI: 47.5 to 69.4). This varied between sites and was 73.4% (95% CI: 59.2 to 87.5) in the urban community of Sotuba, 53.2% (95% CI: 42.8 to 63.6) in the rural town of Bancoumana, and 37.1% (95% CI: 29.6 to 44.5) in the rural village of Donéguébougou. This equates to an infection rate of approximately 1% of the population every three days in the study communities between visits. Increased age and study site were associated with serostatus at both study visits. There was minimal difference in reported symptoms based on serostatus.InterpretationThe true extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Mali is greater than previously reported and now approaches hypothetical herd immunity in urban areas. The epidemiology of the pandemic in the region may be primarily subclinical and within background illness rates. In this setting, ongoing surveillance and augmentation of diagnostics to characterize locally circulating variants will be critical to implement effective mitigation strategies like vaccines.FundingThis project was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and National Cancer Institute.
A modular approach for modeling the cell cycle based on functional response curves
Authors: Boeck Jolan De , Rombouts Jan , Gelens Lendert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModeling biochemical reactions by means of differential equations often results in systems with a large number of variables and parameters. As this might complicate the interpretation and generalization of the obtained results, it is often desirable to reduce the complexity of the model. One way to accomplish this is by replacing the detailed reaction mechanisms of certain modules in the model by a mathematical expression that qualitatively describes the dynamical behavior of these modules. Such an approach has been widely adopted for ultrasensitive responses, for which underlying reaction mechanisms are often replaced by a single Hill equation. Also time delays are usually accounted for by using an explicit delay in delay differential equations. In contrast, however, S-shaped response curves, which are often encountered in bistable systems, are not easily modeled in such an explicit way. Here, we extend the classical Hill function into a mathematical expression that can be used to describe both ultrasensitive and S-shaped responses. We show how three ubiquitous modules (ultrasensitive responses, S-shaped responses and time delays) can be combined in different configurations and explore the dynamics of these systems. As an example, we apply our strategy to set up a model of the cell cycle consisting of multiple bistable switches, which can account for events such as DNA damage and coupling to the circadian clock in a phenomenological way.Author summaryBistability plays an important role in many biochemical processes and typically emerges from complex interaction patterns such as positive and double negative feedback loops. Here, we propose to theoretically study the effect of bistability in a larger interaction network. We explicitly incorporate a functional expression describing an S-shaped input-output curve in the model equations, without the need for considering the underlying biochemical events. This expression can be converted into a functional module for an ultrasensitive response, and a time delay is easily included as well. Exploiting the fact that several of these modules can easily be combined in larger networks, we construct a cell cycle model consisting of multiple bistable switches and show how this approach can account for a number of known properties of the cell cycle.
Box C/D Small Nucleolar Ribonucleoproteins Regulate Mitochondrial Surveillance and Innate Immunity
Authors: Tjahjono Elissa , Revtovich Alexey V. , Kirienko Natalia V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonitoring of mitochondrial functions is crucial for organismal survival. This task is performed by mitochondrial surveillance or quality control pathways, which are activated by signals originating from mitochondria and relayed to the nucleus (retrograde response) to start the transcription of protective genes. InCaenorhabditis elegans, several systems exist, including the UPRmt, MAPKmt, and the ESRE pathway. These pathways are highly conserved and their loss results in compromised survival following mitochondrial stress.In this study, we found a novel interaction between the box C/D snoRNA core proteins (snoRNPs) and mitochondrial surveillance and innate immunity pathways. We showed that C/D snoRNPs are required for the full expressions of UPRmtand ESRE upon stress. Meanwhile, we found that the loss of C/D snoRNPs increased immune responses. Understanding the “molecular switch” mechanisms of interplay between these pathways may be important for understanding of multifactorial processes, including response to infection or aging.