bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Efficacy and Functionality of Ten Commercially Available Wrist-Hand Orthoses in Healthy Females: Wrist Range of Motion and Grip Strength Analysis
Authors: Aranceta-Garza Alejandra , Ross Karyn 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Wrist-hand orthoses (WHOs) are prescribed for a range of musculoskeletal/neurological conditions to optimise wrist/hand position at rest and enhance performance by controlling its range of motion (ROM), improving alignment, reducing pain, and optimising grip strength. The objective of this research was to study the efficacy and functionality of ten commercially available WHOs on wrist ROM and grip strength.Design:Randomised comparative functional study of the wrist/hand with and without WHOs.Participants:Ten right-handed female participants presenting with no underlying condition nor pain affecting the wrist/hand which could influence motion or grip strength. Each participant randomly tested ten WHOs; one per week, for 10 weeks.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was to ascertain the impact of WHOs on wrist resting position and flexion, extension, radial, and ulnar deviation. A secondary outcome was the impact of the WHOs on maximum grip strength and associated wrist position when this was attained.Results:From the 2,400 tests performed it was clear that no WHO performed effectively or consistently across participants. The optimally performing WHO for flexion control was #3 restricting 86.7%, #4 restricting 76.7% of extension, #9 restricting 83.5% of radial deviation, and #4 maximally restricting ulnar deviation. A grip strength reduction was observed with all WHOs, and ranged from 1.7% (#6) to 34.2% (#4).Conclusion:WHOs did not limit movement sufficiently to successfully manage any condition requiring motion restriction associated with pain relief. The array of motion control recorded might be a contributing factor for the current conflicting evidence of efficacy for WHOs. Any detrimental impact on grip strength will influence the types of activities undertaken by the wearer. The design aspects impacting wrist motion and grip strength are multifactorial, including: WHO geometry; the presence of a volar bar; material of construction; strap design; and quality of fit. This study raises questions regarding the efficacy of current designs of prefabricated WHOs which have remained unchanged for several decades but continue to be used globally without a robust evidence-base to inform clinical practise and the prescription of these devices. These findings justify the need to re-design WHOs with the goal of meeting users' needs.
Outcome of Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients Under the Age of 18: An Experience With 112 Cases
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Mehdi , Irani Dariush , Altofeyli Ala'a , Eslahi Ali , Basiratnia Mitra , Haghpanah Abdolreza , Adib Ali , Ahmed Faisal 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Renal calculi are becoming more common among children. Although, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the first choice in this age group, minimal invasive surgeries, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), are indicated for some patients. Recently, PCNL devices have become smaller in size with acceptable efficacy and lower complications. We evaluated the outcomes and complications of mini-PCNL (MPCNL) surgery in our referral training centers.Materials and Methods: Between September 2012 and January 2020, a total of 112 children under the age of 18, who had shown failure of ESWL, and/or their parents refused to do it, underwent MPCNL (15 Fr). The patients' profiles were reviewed for data collection including preoperative and stone data, operation information, and postoperative complications.Results: Of 112 patients, 69 were boys, and 43 were girls. Their mean age was 8.6 years (14 months to 18 years). Mean stone size was 20 mm (14–34 mm). Seventy-four cases had renal pelvic stone, 22 had pelvis and lower pole, and 16 had staghorn. The mean operation time was 65 min (35–100 min), and mean radiation time was 0.6 min (0.2–1.4 min). Low-grade fever was detected in 14 patients (12.5%). Four patients needed blood transfusion and two had increased creatinine, which improved with conservative management. One patient developed urosepsis that resolved with antibiotic therapy. None of the patients had kidney perforation or other organ injury or death. Early stone-free rate (SFR) after operation was 90.2% (101 patients). Six patients had residual fragment &lt;5 mm, which passed spontaneously in 2 weeks after operation (total SFR 95.3%). Three patients underwent second-look nephroscopy, and ureteroscopy was done for two patients due to migrated stone fragments to the distal ureter.Conclusion: MPCNL is recommended as a safe alternative option for treatment of the nephrolithiasis in children with good outcome and acceptable complications.
The Scientific Value of Abstracts on Prostate Cancer Presented at the European Association of Urology Congresses
Authors: Ataei Jasmin , Bach Christian , Javan Aida , Vögeli Thomas-Alexander , Grafe Christina , Rahnama'i Mohammad Sajjad 
Published: June 2021

Background: Scientific congresses are an important medium for presenting recent clinical findings. Publication of abstracts allows wider dissemination.Objectives: To determine the publication rates of prostate cancer abstracts presented at the annual congress of the European Association of Urology (EAU).Design, Setting, and Participants: All abstracts with the term prostate cancer or carcinoma presented at the congress of the European Association of Urology from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. We captured their publication rate, journal impact factor and time to publication. Moreover, we formulated a scoring system to determine the grade of discrepancy between the conclusions mentioned in the congress abstract and published abstract.Results: A total of 834 abstracts presented at EAU annual meeting included prostate cancer or carcinoma in their title. We recorded a publication rate of 56.8% with 474 of the 834 abstracts being published with a mean time of 12.5 months.Conclusion: Approximately, 57% of the prostate cancer abstracts presented at the EAU congress are published in peer reviewed journals. This acceptance rate indicates the high distribution and dissemination of these abstracts.
Identification of Multiple Pancreatic and Extra-Pancreatic Pathways Underlying the Glucose-Lowering Actions of Acacia arabica Bark in Type-2 Diabetes and Isolation of Active Phytoconstituents
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Flatt Peter R. , Harriott Patrick , Hannan J. M. A. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. 
Published: June 2021

Acacia arabica is used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes. This study elucidated the antidiabetic actions of A. arabica bark together with the isolation of bioactive molecules. Insulin secretion and signal transduction were measured using clonal β cells and mouse islets. Glucose uptake was assessed using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vitro systems assessed additional glucose-lowering actions. High-fat-fed (HFF) obese rats were used for in vivo evaluation, and phytoconstituents were isolated and characterised by RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS and NMR. Hot-water extract of A. arabica (HWAA) increased insulin release from clonal β cells and mouse islets by 1.3–6.8-fold and 1.6–3.2-fold, respectively. Diazoxide, verapamil and calcium-free conditions decreased insulin-secretory activity by 30–42%. In contrast, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide and 30 mM KCl potentiated the insulin-secretory effects. The mechanism of actions of HWAA involved membrane depolarisation and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ together with an increase in glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of starch digestion, glucose diffusion, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity and protein glycation. Acute HWAA administration (250 mg/5 mL/kg) enhanced glucose tolerance and plasma insulin in HFF obese rats. Administration of HWAA (250 mg/5 mL/kg) for 9 days improved glucose homeostasis and β-cell functions, thereby improving glycaemic control, and circulating insulin. Isolated phytoconstituents, including quercetin and kaempferol, increased insulin secretion in vitro and improved glucose tolerance. The results indicate that HWAA has the potential to treat type 2 diabetes as a dietary supplement or as a source of antidiabetic agents, including quercetin and kaempferol.
New Frontiers in Vascular Access Practice: From Standardized to Patient-tailored Care and Shared Decision Making
Authors: Murea Mariana , Woo Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vascular access planning is critical in the management of patients with advanced kidney disease who elect for hemodialysis for RRT. Policies put in place more than two decades ago attempted to standardize vascular access care around the model of optimal, namely arteriovenous fistula, and least preferred, namely central venous catheter, type of access. This homogenized approach to vascular access care emerged ineffective in the increasingly heterogeneous and complex dialysis population. The most recent vascular access guidelines acknowledge the limitations of standardized care and encourage tailoring vascular access care on the basis of patient and disease characteristics. In this article, we discuss available literature in support of patient-tailored access care on the basis of differences in vascular access outcomes by biologic and social factors—age, sex, and race. Further, we draw attention to the overlooked dimension of patient-reported preferences and shared decision making in the practice of vascular access planning. We discuss milestones to overcome as requisite steps to implement effective shared decision making in vascular access care. Finally, we take into consideration local practice cofactors as major players in vascular access fate. We conclude that a personalized approach to hemodialysis vascular access will require dynamic care specifically relevant to the individual on the basis of biologic factors, fluctuating clinical needs, values, and preferences.
Nilai Religius dalam Novel "Titip Rindu ke Tanah Suci" Karya Aguk Irawan: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra
Authors: Safitri Vivian Nur , Putra Candra Rahma Wijaya 
Published: June 2021

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan nilai religius yang terepresentasikan dalam novel “Titip Rindu ke Tanah Suci”. Penelitian dilakukan menggunkan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian yaitu novel. Fokus penelitian meliputi nilai-nilai religiusitas yang berhubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, manusia lain dan alam dan relevansi nilai religius dalam pembelajaran karya sastra di sekolah. Kedua aspek fokus tersebut diharapkan mampu melengkapi nilai-nilai religius yang saat ini banyak ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat maupun generasi muda. Penelitian diharapkan mampu mengingatkan seluruh masyarakat untuk selalu mewujudkan nilai-nilai religius dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Nilai religius yang ditemukan dalam kajian ini meliputi rasa sabar menjadi manusia, memiliki akhlak yang mulia, dan menjadi manusia yang jujur. Kata kunci: religius, sabar, mulia, dan jujurAbstract:This article describes the religious values represented in the novel "Titip Rindu ke Tanah Suci". The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The data source in this research was novel. The focus of research includes 1. Religious values related to human with God, other humans and nature, 2. Relevance of religious values in learning literary works in schools. These two aspects of focus are expected to be able to complete the religious values that are currently neglected by society and younger generation. This research is expected to remind society to always implement religious values in their daily life. The religious values found in this study include a sense of patience as a human being, having noble attitude, and being an honest human being.Keywords: religious, patient, noble, and honest
Efektivitas Penerapan Metode Hypnoteaching terhadap Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Dinasty Arga , Suryawan I Putu Pasek , Sugiarta I Made 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode hypnoteaching terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Muncar. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperiemen semu (quasi experiment) dengan rancangan post test only control grup. Populasinya adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Muncar tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 274 orang. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan cara teknik cluster random sampling yang disyaratkan terpenuhinya kesetaraan populasi menggunakan uji ANAVA satu jalur. Data penelitian adalah motivasi belajar matematika siswa yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran instrumen di akhir penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Liliefors, uji Levene dan uji t satu ekor dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai thitung­ = 3,032 > ttabel = 1,996 sehingga tolak H0 dan H1 diterima. Hasil analisis menjelaskan bahwa motivasi belajar matematika siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran metode hypnoteaching lebih tinggi daripada motivasi belajar matematika siswa kelompok yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional. Disimpulkan bahwa metode hypnoteaching berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Muncar.
Community organization feedback about an undergraduate medical education service learning program
Authors: Berrington Roger , Condo Nina , Rubayita Felicien , Cook Karen , Jalloh Chelsea 
Published: June 2021

Background: In 2016, Service Learning (SL) became a curricular requirement for undergraduate medical education (UGME) students at the University of Manitoba. Students partner with a community-based organization for two years to engage in non-clinical activities in community settings. Significant feedback has been collected from students re: their SL experiences. This project specifically collected feedback from community organizations involved with SL.
Methods: In June 2019, an electronic survey was distributed to the 36 community organizations involved with SL.
Results: Twenty-seven organizations completed the survey. Feedback was grouped into two main themes: 1) Logistics and 2) The SL Experience. About half (52%) of respondents indicated it was “easy” to schedule students for SL; however, students’ busy schedules and differences between hours of organization programming and students’ availability were highlighted. Most respondents described students as “engaged” (70%); respondents indicated SL raised students’ understanding of power and privilege (56%) and systemic oppression (63%).
Conclusions: Community organizations shared valuable insights to inform the SL program. Results identified specific aspects of the SL program to address moving forward, such as sharing learning objectives with community partners. Ensuring processes are in place to obtain feedback from community partners is an essential step to improve SL programs, and to strengthen reciprocal community-university partnerships.
Automatic object-based spatial selection depends on the distribution of sustained attention
Authors: Bidiwala Ema Shamasdin , Scolari Miranda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral space-based and object-based attention studies suggest these selection mechanisms may be voluntarily deployed, depending on task parameters and the attentional scope of the observer. Here, we sought to elucidate factors related to involuntary deployment of object-mediated space-based attention through two experiments. Experiment 1 used a modified flanker task where a target and nearby distractor were presented within the same or different object frames, such that an object-based attentional spread should be detrimental to performance. Results showed the presence of a flanker effect with no significant difference in magnitude between grouping conditions, indicating participants may have uniformly used a diffused attentional spotlight regardless of object segmentation. In a second experiment, we manipulated the extent of the observer’s sustained attentional scope via an inducer task to determine whether object-based selection depends on the initial spotlight size. The results revealed object-based effects solely when attention narrowly encompassed the target, but not when it was widened to include the distracting flanker. This suggests the deployment of object-based attention may occur when spatial attention is initially focused narrowly. Because selecting the whole object frame directly interfered with task goals, we conclude that object-based attention may not always fully conform to relevant task goals or operate in a goal-oriented manner. We discuss these results in the context of existing literature while proposing a reconciliation of previously inconsistent findings of object-based selection.
Discovery of Beryllium in White Dwarfs Polluted by Planetesimal Accretion
Authors: Klein Beth L. , Doyle Alexandra E. , Zuckerman B. , Dufour P. , Blouin Simon , Melis Carl , Weinberger Alycia J. , Young Edward D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The element beryllium is detected for the first time in white dwarf stars. This discovery in the spectra of two helium-atmosphere white dwarfs was made possible only because of the remarkable overabundance of Be relative to all other elements, heavier than He, observed in these stars. The measured Be abundances, relative to chondritic, are by far the largest ever seen in any astronomical object. We anticipate that the Be in these accreted planetary bodies was produced by spallation of one or more of O, C, and N in a region of high fluence of particles of MeV or greater energy.
The Transition from Diffuse Molecular Gas to Molecular Cloud Material in Taurus
Authors: Federman S. R. , Rice Johnathan S. , Ritchey A. M. , Kim Hwihyun , Lacy John H. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Flagey Nicolas , Mace Gregory N. , Lambert David L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study four lines of sight that probe the transition from diffuse molecular gas to molecular cloud material in Taurus. Measurements of atomic and molecular absorption are used to infer the distribution of species and the physical conditions toward stars behind the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC). New high-resolution spectra at visible and near-IR wavelengths of interstellar Ca ii, Ca i, K i, CH, CH+, C2, CN, and CO toward HD 28975 and HD 29647 are combined with data at visible wavelengths and published CO results from ultraviolet measurements for HD 27778 and HD 30122. Gas densities and temperatures are inferred from C2, CN, and CO excitation and CN chemistry. Our results for HD 29647 are noteworthy because the CO column density is 1018 cm−2 while C2 and CO excitation reveals a temperature of 10 K and a density of ∼1000 cm−3, more like conditions found in dark molecular clouds. Similar results arise from our chemical analysis for CN through reactions involving observations of CH, C2, and NH. Enhanced potassium depletion and a reduced CH/H2 column density ratio also suggest the presence of a dark cloud. The directions toward HD 27778 and HD 30122 probe molecule-rich diffuse clouds, which can be considered CO-dark gas, while the sight line toward HD 28975 represents an intermediate case. Maps of dust temperature help refine the description of the material along the four sight lines and provide an estimate of the distance between HD 29647 and a clump in the TMC. An appendix provides results for the direction toward HD 26571; this star also probes diffuse molecular gas.
Chandra Observations of the Planck Early Sunyaev–Zeldovich Sample: A Reexamination of Masses and Mass Proxies
Authors: Andrade-Santos Felipe , Pratt Gabriel W. , Melin Jean-Baptiste , Arnaud Monique , Jones Christine , Forman William R. , Pointecouteau Etienne , Bartalucci Iacopo , Vikhlinin Alexey , Murray Stephen S. , Mazzotta Pasquale , Borgani Stefano , Lovisari Lorenzo , van Weeren Reinout J. , Kraft Ralph P. , David Laurence P. , Giacintucci Simona 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using Chandra observations, we derive the Y
X proxy and associated total mass measurement,

, for 147 clusters with z < 0.35 from the Planck early Sunyaev–Zeldovich catalog, and for 80 clusters with z < 0.22 from an X-ray flux-limited sample. We reextract the Planck Y
SZ measurements and obtain the corresponding mass proxy,

, from the full Planck mission maps, minimizing Malmquist bias due to observational scatter. The masses reextracted using the more precise X-ray position and characteristic size agree with the published PSZ2 values, but yield a significant reduction in the scatter (by a factor of two) in the

–

relation. The slope is 0.93 ± 0.03, and the median ratio,

, is within the expectations from known X-ray calibration systematics. Y
SZ/Y
X is 0.88 ± 0.02, in good agreement with predictions from cluster structure, and implying a low level of clumpiness. In agreement with the findings of the Planck Collaboration, the slope of the Y
SZ–

flux relation is significantly less than unity (0.89 ± 0.01). Using extensive simulations, we show that this result is not due to selection effects, intrinsic scatter, or covariance between quantities. We demonstrate analytically that changing the Y
SZ–Y
X relation from apparent flux to intrinsic properties results in a best-fit slope that is closer to unity and increases the dispersion about the relation. The redistribution resulting from this transformation implies that the best-fit parameters of the

–

relation will be sample-dependent.
The Jet–disk Boundary Layer in Black Hole Accretion
Authors: Wong George N. , Du Yufeng , Prather Ben S. , Gammie Charles F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Magnetic fields lines are trapped in black hole event horizons by accreting plasma. If the trapped field lines are lightly loaded with plasma, then their motion is controlled by their footpoints on the horizon and thus by the spin of the black hole. In this paper, we investigate the boundary layer between lightly loaded polar field lines and a dense, equatorial accretion flow. We present an analytic model for aligned prograde and retrograde accretion systems and argue that there is significant shear across this jet–disk boundary at most radii for all black hole spins. Specializing to retrograde aligned accretion, where the model predicts the strongest shear, we show numerically that the jet–disk boundary is unstable. The resulting mixing layer episodically loads plasma onto trapped field lines where it is heated, forced to rotate with the hole, and permitted to escape outward into the jet. In one case we follow the mass loading in detail using Lagrangian tracer particles and find a time-averaged mass-loading rate

∼
0.01

M

̇

.