bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATURE AND HUMANS IN I. S. TURGENEV’S NOVELLAS: CHARACTERS WITH A “SPLIT SOUL”
Authors: Скуднякова Елена Владимировна 
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема природы и человека в тургеневских повестях («Поездка в Полесье», «Довольно», «Призраки», «Фауст»). Подчеркивается роль философско-мировоззренческих установок самого писателя в художественном решении этой проблемы, приводятся данные из эпистолярного наследия.Анализируются герои с «раздвоенной душой» согласно концепции М. О. Гершензона. Первый тип - персонажи без «внутренней цельности», второй - гармоничные сами с собой и с природой персонажи. Выделяются две репрезентации героя с «раздвоенной душой»: 1) явная - герой резко противопоставляет себя равнодушной природе-владычице; 2) скрытая - черты героев раскрываются по мере развития сюжета. Подробно анализируется способ репрезентации - через любовь персонажей.Выявляются и исследуются две разновидности указанного типа персонажей: осознанно «переломленные» и неосознанно «надломленные». Первая - герои, которые четко понимают свою душевную двойственность. Они испытывают сильный страх перед природными стихиями и пытаются бороться с ними. Любовь рассматривается как одна из стихий. Вторая - герои, не осознающие своей внутренней раздвоенности. Они исподволь следуют наставлениям персонажей первой разновидности, которые стремятся уберечь их от таинственных сил природы. Для обеих разновидностей персонажей противостояние природе и ее силам заканчивается трагически.
Nature and humans in Turgenev’s novellas (“The trip to Polesie”, “Enough”, “Ghosts”, “Faust”) are in focus. The paper dwells upon Turgenev’s philosophy on this issue. The conclusions are partly based on his epistolaria.The author analyzes the characters with a “split soul”. According to Mikhail Gerschenzon’s theory, the first type contains the characters without “internal consistency”. The second type contains the characters of harmonized nature. There are also two types of characters with a “split soul” in Turgenev’s novellas: deliberately “cracked” characters, and unconsciously “broken” characters. The characters with a “split soul” are represented as 1) vividly juxtaposed to ignorant nature, and 2) disclose their features in the plots. The characters’ love stories play as a representation.Both types of Turgenev’s characters are under analysis. The deliberately “cracked” characters clearly understand their inner ambiguity. They have the strong fear of the elements. The unconsciously “broken” characters are unaware of their inner ambiguity. They unconsciously follow the deliberately “cracked” characters that try to save them from the mysterious forces of nature. This opposition to nature and its forces ends tragically.
La normalisation étatique de l’inclusivité du langage
Authors: Moron-Puech Benjamin , Saris Anne , Bouvattier Léa 
Published: January 2021

Cette contribution mène une comparaison des normes d’inclusivité du langage édictées en France et au Québec par les actaires étatiques. Cette comparaison relativise l’idée que le Québec serait bien plus en avance. Elle révèle au contraire de très grandes similitudes dans ces normes étatiques, qui sont apparues à des dates proches et ont des contenus similaires. Des différences existent mais moins sur les normes d’inclusivité édictées – les autorités québécoises ne produisant par exemple pas des normes « plus inclusives » que les autorités françaises –, que quant aux institutions qui produisent ces normes. Ainsi, alors qu’au Québec existe un consensus pour confier à l’organe linguistique le soin de poser les normes d’inclsuvité du langage (l’Office québécois de la langue française), il y a au contraire en France une forte concurrence – appelée à perdurer – entre les acteurs ministériels et les personnes publiques en charge de la langue ou de l’égalité homme/femme (Premier ministre, Académie française, Haut conseil à l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes).
Digitalisation des PME de l’agroalimentaire : vers une évolution des modèles d’affaires et des processus d’innovation
Authors: Reboud Sophie , Lequin Sonia , Tanguy Corinne 
Published: January 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment la digitalisation de l’économie affecte les Business Models dans les PME de l’agroalimentaire. Nous avons cherché à comprendre quelles sont les caractéristiques et les compétences d’innovation mobilisées dans ce cadre, en faisant l’hypothèse que toutes les PME ne vont pas s’adapter de la même façon à cette transition. Nos résultats suggèrent que si les PME ont toutes recours à une large palette d’innovations, la forme prise par ces transformations dépend largement de la catégorie d’entreprise, de sa capacité d’absorption et de sa perception quant à la radicalité du saut à faire. Cette recherche apporte des éléments de compréhension de la diversité des innovations de Business Model mises en place par les PME d’un secteur low-tech . Codes JEL : L20, M2, O3
Cuba, 1980. Fin de défilé
Authors: Díaz Infante Duanel , Sánchez Romy 
Published: January 2021

Cet essai propose une lecture de la crise qui eut lieu dans la Cuba soviétisée de 1980, entre l’ouverture de l’Ambassade du Pérou et l’exode de Cubains depuis le port du Mariel. Au lieu de voir les “actes de répudiation” comme entièrement organisé par l’État cubain, l’auteur souligne le caractère spontané qui, à l’inverse des manifestations et célébrations révolutionnaires de la décennie précédente, caractérisa ces événements. Ce qui est devenu dans l’imaginaire national “Le Mariel” consiste en fait en une sortie de l’ organisation , tant pour ceux qui décidèrent de courir le risque de demander l’asile dans l’ambassade ou ensuite de demander à quitter le pays, que pour ceux qui répudièrent les premiers. Ainsi, bien qu’à première vue il s’agisse d’un outil de l’État totalitaire, les actes de répudiation s’érigèrent aussi en symptôme d’un certain potentiel révolutionnaire des masses, une forme d’envers de l’ordre castriste. “El Mariel” fut la tentative avortée d’une sortie de cet ordre ; et fut aussi la manière dont le système lui-même coopta la violence spontanée qui aurait pu le mettre en péril.
Du bon usage de la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise. Quelques réflexions sur la jurisprudence belge relative aux signes convictionnels
Authors: Van Drooghenbroeck Sébastien 
Published: January 2021

Il n’est pas rare que, appelés à se prononcer sur l’une ou l’autre question touchant aux rapports entre l’État et la religion (problématique du port des signes conventionnels en milieu scolaire, dans la fonction publique, …), les juges nationaux offrent pour toute motivation un renvoi aux positions – en l’occurrence assez self restraint – développées sur ce point par la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme. Ce « réflexe strasbourgeois », à l’ordinaire salué comme un geste d’ouverture juridique, est cependant problématique à un double titre. Les fiats strasbourgeois sont en effet décernés au bénéfice d’une large « marge nationale d’appréciation » dont l’importation telle quelle dans le raisonnement du juge interne n’a pas de sens. Par ailleurs, cette jurisprudence strasbourgeoise bienveillante n’a pas lieu de constituer l’unique horizon juridique des juges internes : ceux-ci doivent en effet s’ouvrir à la quasi jurisprudence onusienne qui, sur les thèmes concernés, est nettement moins « coulante ». Développant cet argumentaire double, la contribution s’inscrira dans une réflexion sur la gouvernance juridique à niveaux multiples dans le domaine des droits de l’Homme.
Le noir et le vert : la Course des terrils de Raismes, entre construction et recomposition de l’identité d’un ancien territoire minier
Authors: Arnal Thierry , Champin Hervé 
Published: January 2021

Depuis 1984, la « Course des terrils » se déroule tous les ans dans la forêt domaniale de Raismes-Saint-Amand-Wallers située au cœur du Parc naturel régional Scarpe-Escaut et dans le périmètre du bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Cet évènement, d’abord local, va croître très rapidement jusqu’à ce que « Les Terrils » deviennent la deuxième course la plus importante de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais. C’est ce processus de développement de la course qui est ici analysé à partir de la mise évidence du lien qui, depuis les premières éditions, unit la course à son territoire. En dessinant des parcours mêlant habilement références au passé minier des lieux et beauté des paysages forestiers, les organisateurs participent à la construction d’une identité de la course qui fait siennes les valeurs de convivialité et de solidarité. Mais surtout, à travers leur souci d’entretenir l’ambiance sympathique de cette course amateur, d’en faire la vitrine contemporaine d’une représentation idéalisée du monde de la mine, ou de mettre en valeur le territoire comme espace naturel, ils participent à la construction de l’identité d’un territoire régional ancrée dans la mémoire, et en même temps résolument tournée vers l’avenir.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Locating the Insertion of Horizontal Extraocular Muscles After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Saffren Brooke D. , Yassin Shaden H. , Thau Avrey , Nelson Leonard B. , Schnall Bruce , Gunton Kammi B. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for locating horizontal extraocular muscle (EOM) insertion after strabismus surgery.

Methods:
The distance from the limbus to the postoperative muscle insertion was measured with calipers intraoperatively and by AS-OCT during the postoperative visit of adults undergoing strabismus surgery. Images were collected by masked technicians. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to evaluate the agreement between measurements.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients were recruited. Measurements were taken from 31 eyes, including 17 lateral and 14 medial rectus muscles. EOM insertion was successfully identified by AS-OCT for 14 (45%) cases. The ICC between intra-operative and AS-OCT measurement was 0.886 when the distance from the limbus to the insertion of EOM was less than 8 mm and 0.001 when the distance from the limbus was between 8 and 10 mm. EOM insertion was undetectable if distance to the limbus was greater than 10 mm.

Conclusions:
AS-OCT can accurately identify post-surgical horizontal muscle insertion if the insertion is less than 8 mm from the limbus.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(1):62–65.]
Initial Postoperative Alignment in Strabismus Related to Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Ha Suk-Gyu , Kim Seung-Hyun 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:To investigate the surgical outcome according to the initial postoperative angle of deviation in patients with thyroid eye disease.Methods:The medical records of patients who underwent strabismus surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into overcorrection (> 5 prism diopters [PD]), full correction, or undercorrection (> 5 PD) groups, according to the angle of deviation on postoperative day 1. The surgical outcome was considered successful when there was no diplopia vertically (< 5 PD) and horizontally (< 10 PD) at primary gaze. Surgical success rates were evaluated according to the initial postoperative angle of deviation at the final visit.Results:Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 53.4 ± 9.5 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 17.4 ± 8.7 months. There were 51 patients with hypotropia and 27 patients with esotropia. Success rates for hypotropia were higher in the undercorrection (80.0%) and full correction (66.7%) groups than in the overcorrection (35.7%) group on postoperative day 1 (P= .02). Regarding esotropia, the success rates were higher in the undercorrection (84.6%) and full correction (83.3%) groups than in the overcorrection (37.5%) group on postoperative day 1 (P= .02). Reoperation for residual or overcorrected strabismus was performed in 15 patients (29.4%) with hypotropia and 7 patients (25.9%) with esotropia.Conclusions:Intended minimal undercorrection or full correction after hypotropia and esotropia surgery during early postoperative periods could improve surgical success rates in patients with thyroid eye disease.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(1):23–27.]
Pattern of Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of Canalicular Laceration Repair in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Agarwal Rajul , Patidar Narendra , Mohan Amit , Singh Rukmendra , Sen Pradhnya 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate demographic data, clinical profile, and factors responsible for the success of anatomical and functional outcomes of canalicular laceration repair with the Mini Monoka stent (FCI Ophthalmics) in children younger than 10 years.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort observational study involving children younger than 10 years who underwent canalicular tear repair with the Mini Monoka stent with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Results:

A total of 18 patients (9 boys and 9 girls) with a mean age of 5.39 ± 3.05 years were included. Twelve and 6 patients had lower and upper canalicular tear, respectively. Six (33.4%) patients had associated ocular comorbidity. The common mode of trauma was direct injury in 77.8% of the patients. The blouse hook of the mother was noted as the most common object causing canalicular laceration. Early repair (< 48 hours) and delayed repair were done in 7 (38.9%) and 11 (61.1%) patients, respectively. Anatomical and functional success was achieved in 88.9% and 94.4% of patients, respectively. The odds ratio (95% CI) for anatomical and functional success with the time since injury was 0.6 (CI: 0.03 to 11.47) and 0.19 (CI: 0.01 to 5.33), respectively. There was no significant difference between the early and delayed repair groups in terms of the distribution of anatomical (
P
= 1.000) and functional (
P
= .389) success. There was no significant difference between the various groups in terms of the distribution of complications (
P
= .224).

Conclusions:
Canalicular laceration repair with the Mini Monoka stent in children younger than 10 years has shown good outcomes in terms of anatomical and functional success irrespective of time lag since injury to repair.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(1):42–47.]
The Success of Unilateral Surgery for Constant and Intermittent Exotropia and Factors Affecting It in a Large Scandinavian Case Series
Authors: Thorisdottir Rannveig Linda , Malmsjö Malin , Tenland Kajsa , Blohmé Jonas , Hesgaard Helena Buch 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To compare the results of surgery for constant and intermittent exotropia, to determine factors affecting surgical success, and to evaluate the effect of horizontal rectus muscle surgery on distance-near incomitance.

Methods:
In this retrospective study of 291 Scandinavian patients, inclusion criteria were surgery for constant (n = 101) or intermittent (n = 190) exotropia with no vertical deviation, no previous strabismus surgery, and available postoperative follow-up data. Medical records of patients (age: 3 to 85 years) undergoing surgery were reviewed. Surgical success was defined as postoperative esodeviation of less than 5 prism diopters (PD) to exodeviation of 10 PD or less.

Results:

Surgical success was 70% in constant exotropia and 80% in intermittent exotropia (
P
> .05). At follow-up 1.5 years after surgery, a significant drift was found in intermittent exotropia (
P
< .05). Different surgeons, spherical equivalents, anisometropia, amblyopia, gender, and age had no effect on surgical success (
P
> .05). The surgical success rate increased with decreasing preoperative angle (
P
< .05). Resection of the medial rectus muscle had a greater effect on the near deviation, whereas recession of the lateral rectus muscle had a greater effect on the distance deviation (
P
< .05).

Conclusions:
Surgical success was equally good in constant and intermittent exotropia, but better long-term stability was observed following surgery for constant exotropia. The only factor affecting surgical success was the preoperative deviation, with smaller deviations having a better outcome. A distance-near incomitance may be an important consideration in choosing the magnitude of medial versus lateral rectus muscle surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(1):34–41.]
Can the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio predict active bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: Bedel Cihan , Korkut Mustafa , Selvi Fatih , Karanci Yusuf 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between upper gastrointestinal bleeding and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and examine whether they can be used as markers of inflammation.

Methods:
The retrospective single-center study included a total of 189 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the tertiary emergency department between January 2018 and January 2019. Besides, 59 patients with similar demographic characteristics were selected as the control group. Besides, 42 patients with active bleeding and 147 patients without active bleeding were categorized into two groups according to their endoscopy reports. The NLR, PLR, LMR values, potential risk factors, and demographic characteristics were analyzed.

Results:
The mean NLR levels were found significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P<0.001), whereas the mean LMR levels were significantly lower in the patient group (P<0.001). The mean NLR and PLR levels were significantly higher in patients with active bleeding compared to those without active bleeding (P<0.001), whereas the mean LMR levels were significantly lower (P<0.001) for patients with active bleeding. The optimal cut-off value of NLR was found 2.1 for predicting uppergastrointestinal bleeding, with a sensitivity of 80.2% and specificity of 78.9% (AUC: 0.840; P <0.001).

Conclusions:
NLR was determined to be a parameter that can be used as an indicator of active bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Chest radiography findings and hematological values
Authors: Uzer Fatih , Uzer Begum , Guven Fatma Fatma Mutlu Kukul , Kirhan Idris , Coplu Nilay 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the chest radiography findings, hematological values and the risk factors of the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a secondary-level state hospital in Turkey from March to April 2020 were included in the study. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Initial routine blood tests and chest radiography findings were examined. The relationship between chest radiography findings and hematological values and risk factors of the mortality of COVID-19 were assessed.

Results:
In total, 94 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the study. Among them, 33 patients did not have lung involvement (RALE score of 0), and 42 had moderate lung involvement (RALE score of 1 to 4), and 19 had severe lung involvement (RALE score of 5 to 8). Patients with higher RALE scores were significantly elder (P=0.000) and had significantly lower lymphocyte count (P=0.032). Patients in need of intensive care had a lower mean number of platelets compared to patients who did not require intensive care (P=0.007). The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that RALE score (P=0.005), age (P=0.002), duration of symptoms (P=0.006), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.007), and lymphocyte percentage (P=0.012) were significantly associated with the risk of mortality.

Conclusions:
Patients with severe lung involvement have lower lymphocyte values and ratios. Age, RALE score, duration of symptoms, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, lymphocytes percentage are risk factors of mortality of COVID-19.
Acute onset of massive epistaxis due to post-traumatic cavernous internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Das Alok , Acharya Satyabrata , Shajahan Nibi , Agrawala Rohit 
Published: January 2021

Rationale:
Cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm caused by non-penetrating head trauma is a rare cause of massive epistaxis. The sudden onset of epistaxis due to such a fatal aneurysm protruding into the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare in clinical practice. The management is often challenging because of anatomical inaccessibility of the bleeding point.

Patient's concern:
A 42-year-old man with a history of head trauma showing an ICA aneurysm eroding the sphenoid sinus followed by massive epistaxis.

Diagnosis:
A computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a fracture in the sphenoid sinus. CT angiogram revealed cavernous ICA pseudoaneurysm.

Interventions:
Endovascular coil embolization.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered well and was discharged without any neurological deficits

Lessons:
Cavernous ICA pseudoaneurysm may lead to a life-threatening situation. If a patient has a history of head trauma, post-traumatic cavernous ICA pseudoaneurysm should be considered a differential diagnosis of massive epistaxis.
Infant and Child Feeding Index and nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months in a Metropolitan city
Authors: Palanichamy Maheswari , Solanki Mridula J. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The nutritional status of children is influenced by feeding practices. Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) is an age-specific composite index to assess the feeding practices of children.

Objectives:
To determine the association between ICFI and the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months. To find whether ICFI has value as a tool for detecting poor nutritional status. To determine the association of ICFI and nutritional status with sociodemographic and other factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of a tertiary care institute among 149 children aged 6 to 24 months and their mothers. Data on feeding practices were obtained and ICFI scores were calculated. The weight and length of the children were measured and Z scores (WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ) were calculated. A Chi-square test was used to find the association between the categorical variables.

Results:
We found no association between ICFI and any of the three nutritional indicators such as WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ. The sensitivity of the ICFI was low for detecting underweight (10.0%), stunting (29.4%), and wasting (11.1%). ICFI was significantly associated with the growth monitoring of children and mothers' education. WAZ was significantly associated with mother's education and socioeconomic class.

Conclusions:
There is no association between ICFI and the nutritional status of children. ICFI has limited value in detecting the poor nutritional status of children in this urban setting. Maternal education and growth monitoring of children play an important role in infant and child feeding practices.