bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Increase of Sowing Complexes
Authors: Redreev G V , Kachurin V V , Myalo O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The sowing combined machine-tractor units and complexes have a great potential for productivity. However, in practice, the potential implementation remains at the level of 45-55%. The reason for this is the low reliability of agricultural machines that are part of the units. At the same time, the high cost of complexes causes it to belong to large agricultural associations and holdings that have significant acreage and correspondingly long distances to repair and maintenance facilities. In this case, the task of ensuring the required level of reliability of sowing complexes can be successfully solved by mobile service units. To do this, it is necessary to determine the causes of downtime of sowing units and complexes and set the optimal values for the parameters of the processes of using the units and restoring its operability. The reasons for downtime of aggregates were established by time-based monitoring in several agricultural holdings in the Chelyabinsk region. The controlled seed aggregates and complexes were divided into three groups according to the degree of realization of its productivity potential. For each group of units, the qualitative and quantitative parameters of spare parts stocks of agricultural machines were determined; modes of operation of mobile units for maintenance and repair of crop complexes, elimination of its malfunctions and breakdowns, assistance to drivers of units in eliminating the consequences of failures. The measures are proposed to reduce downtime of sowing complexes for organizational and other reasons. This made it possible to increase the degree of realization of the potential of sowing units and complexes.
Industrial Production of Acetal-Based Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Gabitov A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Summary of researching results of practical application of 1,3-diheterocycloalkanes as new highly-efficient corrosion inhibitors is presented herein, made by Ufa State Petroleum Technological University and Research Institute of Fine Chemicals and Agents headed by Professor D. L. Rakhmankulov. The relevance of the problem studied is stipulated by possibilities in application of petrochemical intermediate products and waste to get multifunctional corrosion inhibitors. Researching of corrosion inhibitors with the use of acetals is demonstrated to be made in two directions: tailor-made synthesis of corrosion inhibitors of acetal type using cheap and available petrochemical stock; making corrosion inhibitors with increased protection properties and improved processing quality by blending with other substances. Under the pilot studies the process flow diagram for making industrial synthesis is proposed, and efficient operating conditions for the reaction enabling to get the best results to increase the output of the desired condensate (i.e. efficient corrosion inhibitors) are defined. Standard processing unit for making corrosion inhibitors by blending is engineered and proposed to be implemented and that was installed in some enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The Contemporary State of Reforestation in the Territory of the State Forest Fund of the Primorsky Region
Authors: Prikhodko O Yu , Bychkova T A , Pretsiniek I P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Primorsky Krai is a region unique in its biological diversity. However, the state of the forest fund of the region over the past 70 years has significantly changed because of unsystematic logging and forest fires. There is a special attitude towards forest restoration in the region. First of all, there is an opinion that artificial forest regeneration in Primorye is not effectually, because of the natural conditions witch allow the forest to grow well itself. The prevalence of naturally regenerated stands in the areas of the state forest fund is a result. However, the reforesting reserves in the region attends significant areas, agro technical care is required in large quantities, mono breed reforestation can not be used everywhere and natural regeneration by economically valuable species is possible after a long period of forest cultivation. To analyse what has been done and planned for the future we can by studying the forest plan of the subject and reports on its implementation, which we tried to do in this work.
Occupational Risk Assessment for Workers of Aluminum Production Using the Example of RUSAL Bratsk OJSC
Authors: Murzin M A , Tepina M S , Gorlenko N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aluminum is considered one of the most commonly used materials and has a wide range of applications in various industries. However, the production of aluminum is associated with a significant negative impact on the health of workers engaged in technological operations to produce it. In this regard, the aim of the work was to assess the occupational risks of workers in aluminum production. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the technological process for producing aluminum has a complex of negative effects on the health of workers, which includes industrial noise, general and local vibration, gas and dust contamination of the air in the working area, exposure to electromagnetic fields and radiation, adverse microclimate parameters. The totality of dangerous and harmful factors in working conditions and negative indicators of injuries and occupational morbidity for aluminum production workers requires carrying out a procedure for assessing occupational risks. Of the whole set of methods, we selected the three most informative and easy to use methods, i.e. the method of scoring occupational risks, the method of assessing the IOR level and the Fine-Kinney method. The object of the study was RUSAL Bratsk Aluminum Smelter OJSC. Based on the results of the assessment, it was established that the general level of occupational risk in RUSAL Bratsk OJSC corresponded to the “medium” and “high” values of these methods, which is considered unacceptable. To reduce the risk, it is necessary, in particular, to implement additional or modernize existing labor protection measures.
Building a Nomogram to Determine Drilling & Blasting Parameters in the Marginal Quarry Zone
Authors: Zharikov S N , Kutuev V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the paper, blasting seismic survey results for some mine blocks are given. Issues of studying the wave propagation processes in the rock mass and solutions to them are described specifically for mining engineers with minor theoretical deviations and emphasizing maximum practical significance. The method developed by the Mining Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ural Branch to determine protective measures against the effects of blasting on protected objects depending on the explosive weight in delay, soil factors, and the permissible seismic velocity is described.
Based on previously identified patterns for various soils, dependencies between the rock mass properties and charge parameters have been built and summarized in a nomogram to simplify the corresponding determination of the technical explosion parameters. The advantage of this approach, in contrast to others, is the possibility of a quick multivariate evaluation, which is of great importance for the prompt elaboration of technical solutions.
In the paper, the specifics of determining the drilling & blasting parameters when approaching the marginal quarry zone are partially discovered and promising areas in studying seismic phenomena in rocks and the blast seismic for the nearest future outlined.
Ecological Consequences of the Intensification of Agricultural Production and Land and Agrarian Reforms (Based on Materials from the Altai Territory)
Authors: Voronkova O Y , Kovaleva I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Altai Krai is traditionally classified as a major industrial and agricultural regions of the country. The machine-building complex (production of tractors, agricultural machinery, wagons, engines, boilers), the chemical and petrochemical industries (tires, artificial fibers, plastic products, chemical products), the food industry (meat, cheese making), and the light industry (manufacturing) are quite developed. fabrics, knitwear), mining (mining of polymetallic ores, gold, table and glauber salts, coal). Agriculture prevails in agriculture in the Altai Territory. Altai Territory is one of the largest producers of grain, milk, meat and other agricultural products. The territorial specialization of agricultural production in the region is determined by the complex mechanism of interaction of natural and climatic factors, as well as soil and geomorphological features. Among cultivated crops, cereals prevail. Hard and strong varieties of zoned spring wheat are grown in the most provided warm steppe part of the territory of the region.
Altai Krai is the only region beyond the Ural Mountains where sugar beets are grown. Among oilseeds, the lion’s share is occupied by sunflower, although commodity production of oilseed flax, mezeum, long flax, rapeseed and other industrial crops is gradually developing.
Mechanical Activation, Mineral Powders, Chemical Modification, Solid-Phase Reactivity, Polyorganosiloxanes
Authors: Vavrenyuk S V , Efimenko Yu V , Vavrenyuk V G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mechanochemical reactivity of nonfunctional organosilicon polymers with the most typical structure (linear, cyclolinear, three-dimensional) was studied: polyphenylsiloxane (PPS), polyvinylsiloxane (PVS), polydimethylsiloxane liquid (PMS-6) and dimethylsiloxane rubber (SKTN).
XXL Format in Light Graphity the Design of the City Environment
Authors: Maltseva E A , Piirainen V Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses XXL graffiti format (mural), classification. The author describes the execution of graffiti format XXL on the facade of buildings, technical features. The main functional aspects of graffiti –mural in the urban environment are identified and analyzed: navigation, lighting, communication. Considerable attention is paid to the first international festival “The Best City of the Earth” in Moscow, where about 150 city walls were painted. In conclusion, it is stated that building owners, architects and urban planners use graffiti to transform abandoned industrial zones, multi-storey residential areas into open-air art galleries and simultaneously change the negative image of urban areas.
Basic study of mobile gamma ray imaging using a digital camera and scintillator
Authors: Yoshitani Hiroshi , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Nakajima Yumiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gamma cameras are used in nuclear medicine examinations involving radioisotopes; however, they do not provide real-time feedback. We propose a real-time imaging method based on a commercially available digital camera and a scintillator array to provide simple and accurate measurements of radioisotope accumulation and contamination. We evaluate the sensitivity and resolution of the proposed device using x-rays as a proxy for gamma-rays. The performance of the device is demonstrated using PENTAX KP and ORCA-spark C11440-36U digital cameras. A caesium iodide scintillator array is irradiated with x-rays, with the state of light emission confirmed using live view images. The pixel value is evaluated as a function of dose rate. Furthermore, we investigate the state of light emission in response to amplifying the light signal using an image intensifier. For the PENTAX KP, luminescence is observable for a dose rate of approximately 10 mSv h−1, which changes to 2.1 mSv h−1 when an image intensifier is used. Notably, the ORCA-spark detected emission at a low dose rate of 0.06 mSv h−1. However, using an image intensifier resulted in noisier images. Therefore, although the ORCA-spark can observe luminescence at a suitable predicted dose rate for application in nuclear medicine examinations, a collimator is required to control the spread of gamma rays. However, as this causes the sensitivity to decrease, increasing the amount of light emitted by the scintillator and improving the sensitivity of the camera is vital.
Laser-defined graphene strain sensor directly fabricated on 3D-printed structure
Authors: Aga Roberto S , Webb Tyler M , Pandhi Twinkle , Aga Rachel , Estrada David , Burzynski Katherine M , Bartsch Carrie M , Heckman Emily M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A direct-write method to fabricate a strain sensor directly on a structure of interest is reported. In this method, a commercial graphene ink is printed as a square patch (6 mm square) on the structure. The patch is dried at 100 °C for 30 min to remove residual solvents but the printed graphene remains in an insulative state. By scanning a focused laser (830 nm, 100 mW), the graphene becomes electrically conductive and exhibits a piezoresistive effect and a low temperature coefficient of resistance of −0.0006 °C−1. Using this approach, the laser defines a strain sensor pattern on the printed graphene patch. To demonstrate the method, a strain sensor was directly fabricated on a 3D-printed test coupon made of ULTEM 9085 thermoplastic. The sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 3.58, which is significantly higher than that of commercial foil strain gauges made of constantan. This method is an attractive alternative when commercial strain sensors are difficult to employ due to the high porosity and surface roughness of the material structure under test.
Comment on ‘Analytical study of heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of chemically reactive and thermally radiative Casson nanofluid over an inclined stretching cylinder’
Authors: Awad M M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Correction to the Rd expression is given so that the Rd is multiplied by 4/3 in the Nux expression. Also, corrections to the τ
w and qw expressions are given so that the τ
w and qw units are kg m−1 s−2 and W m−2 respectively.
US industrial sector decoupling of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions under COVID: durability and decarbonization
Authors: Miller Sabbie A , Grubert Emily 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 2020 response to the coronavirus pandemic has had a profound and rapid effect on social behavior, the economy, and consumption. Associated declines in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have prompted calls to action to use the pandemic experience to accelerate decarbonization. Such action depends on understanding how GHG emissions reductions were achieved and whether they can be sustained. In this work, we focus on the industrial sector by comparing United States (US) industrial energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and key materials production between the first two quarters (Q1 and Q2) of 2020, when pandemic response became active, relative to 2019. We show a striking decoupling between energy use and GHG emissions in the US industrial sector between Q2 2020 and Q2 2019, yet pandemic decarbonization in the industrial sector is unlikely to be durable. Observations suggest three major takeaways for US industrial decarbonization: (1) efforts to decarbonize transportation will contribute to industrial decarbonization due to the large impacts of petroleum refining; (2) increasing demands for materials that use energy resources as feedstocks (e.g., plastics) can result in an apparent decoupling in energy demand and GHG emissions that is not indicative of a durable pathway for reducing GHG emissions; and (3) temporary reduction in demand for industrial infrastructure materials would have resulted in greater reductions of GHG emissions than the relative change in fuels used during this period. Cumulatively, while shifts that would lower GHG emissions occurred, no substantial structural changes to industrial activity were observed. As such, society still requires systemic change to interdependencies on other sectors and the methods we use to produce and deploy our industrial materials.
Topological and geometrical aspects of band theory
Authors: Cayssol J , Fuchs J N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a pedagogical introduction to recent developments in geometrical and topological band theory following the discovery of graphene and topological insulators. Amusingly, many of these developments have a connection to contributions in high-energy physics by Dirac. The review starts by a presentation of the Dirac magnetic monopole, goes on with the Berry phase in a two-level system and the geometrical/topological band theory for Bloch electrons in crystals. Next, specific examples of tight-binding models giving rise to lattice versions of the Dirac equation in various space dimension are presented: in 1D (Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) and Rice–Mele models), 2D (graphene, boron nitride, Haldane model) and 3D (Weyl semi-metals). The focus is on topological insulators and topological semi-metals. The latter have a Fermi surface that is characterized as a topological defect. For topological insulators, the two alternative view points of twisted fiber bundles and of topological textures are developed. The minimal mathematical background in topology (essentially on homotopy groups and fiber bundles) is provided when needed. Topics rarely reviewed include: periodic versus canonical Bloch Hamiltonian (basis I/II issue), Zak versus Berry phase, the vanishing electric polarization of the SSH model and Dirac insulators.
Understanding disorder in oxide-based electrode materials for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Christensen Christian Kolle , Ravnsbæk Dorthe Bomholdt 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Most rechargeable ion batteries employ transition metal oxides or phosphates as the positive electrode. To facilitate facile migration of the active ions (e.g. Li- or Na-ions), which to some extent governs the battery functionality, the electrodes are typically composed of crystalline materials, wherein the ions are intercalated via well-defined migration pathways. However, the electrode materials are rarely perfectly crystalline and will inherently contain some disorder, which may originate from the material preparation process or be induced by the ion-intercalation process. In some electrode materials the electrochemical performance is damaged by disorder, whereas in other cases good performance is retained even after severe order–disorder transitions. This agrees with the emergence of several ab origine disordered or amorphous oxide-based electrodes with promising electrochemical performance. The term disorder is spanning a wide variety of deviations from an ideal crystal periodicity, from classical defects such as point defects, vacancies, stacking faults etc., to the amorphous state. Disorder, beyond classical defects, in battery electrodes has previously been largely overlooked, and we know little about the nature of the disorder and how it affects the battery performance. Developments in methods for characterisation of local atomic structures now allow us to gain detailed structural knowledge on the disordered part of the electrodes and studies within this field are emerging. This perspective provides a summary of the state-of-the-art within this field and the tendencies we are beginning to see outlined. These will be illustrated through selected examples. Finally, we discuss the key research questions within the field of disorder in electrode materials and the perspectives of answering these.
Data-driven discovery of Koopman eigenfunctions for control
Authors: Kaiser Eurika , Kutz J Nathan , Brunton Steven L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data-driven transformations that reformulate nonlinear systems in a linear framework have the potential to enable the prediction, estimation, and control of strongly nonlinear dynamics using linear systems theory. The Koopman operator has emerged as a principled linear embedding of nonlinear dynamics, and its eigenfunctions establish intrinsic coordinates along which the dynamics behave linearly. Previous studies have used finite-dimensional approximations of the Koopman operator for model-predictive control approaches. In this work, we illustrate a fundamental closure issue of this approach and argue that it is beneficial to first validate eigenfunctions and then construct reduced-order models in these validated eigenfunctions. These coordinates form a Koopman-invariant subspace by design and, thus, have improved predictive power. We show then how the control can be formulated directly in these intrinsic coordinates and discuss potential benefits and caveats of this perspective. The resulting control architecture is termed Koopman Reduced Order Nonlinear Identification and Control (KRONIC). It is further demonstrated that these eigenfunctions can be approximated with data-driven regression and power series expansions, based on the partial differential equation governing the infinitesimal generator of the Koopman operator. Validating discovered eigenfunctions is crucial and we show that lightly damped eigenfunctions may be faithfully extracted from EDMD or an implicit formulation. These lightly damped eigenfunctions are particularly relevant for control, as they correspond to nearly conserved quantities that are associated with persistent dynamics, such as the Hamiltonian. KRONIC is then demonstrated on a number of relevant examples, including (a) a nonlinear system with a known linear embedding, (b) a variety of Hamiltonian systems, and (c) a high-dimensional double-gyre model for ocean mixing.
Playing optical tweezers with deep reinforcement learning: in virtual, physical and augmented environments
Authors: Praeger Matthew , Xie Yunhui , Grant-Jacob James A , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reinforcement learning was carried out in a simulated environment to learn continuous velocity control over multiple motor axes. This was then applied to a real-world optical tweezers experiment with the objective of moving a laser-trapped microsphere to a target location whilst avoiding collisions with other free-moving microspheres. The concept of training a neural network in a virtual environment has significant potential in the application of machine learning for experimental optimization and control, as the neural network can discover optimal methods for problem solving without the risk of damage to equipment, and at a speed not limited by movement in the physical environment. As the neural network treats both virtual and physical environments equivalently, we show that the network can also be applied to an augmented environment, where a virtual environment is combined with the physical environment. This technique may have the potential to unlock capabilities associated with mixed and augmented reality, such as enforcing safety limits for machine motion or as a method of inputting observations from additional sensors.
Bias Analysis Gone Bad
Authors: Lash Timothy L , Ahern Thomas P , Collin Lindsay J , Fox Matthew P , MacLehose Richard F 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantitative bias analysis comprises the tools used to estimate the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty from systematic errors affecting epidemiologic research. Despite the availability of methods and tools, and guidance for good practices, few reports of epidemiologic research incorporate quantitative estimates of bias impacts. The lack of familiarity with bias analysis allows for the possibility of misuse, which is likely most often unintentional but could occasionally include intentional efforts to mislead. We identified 3 examples of suboptimal bias analysis, one for each common bias. For each, we describe the original research and its bias analysis, compare the bias analysis with good practices, and describe how the bias analysis and research findings might have been improved. We assert no motive to the suboptimal bias analysis by the original authors. Common shortcomings in the examples were lack of a clear bias model, computed example, and computing code; poor selection of the values assigned to the bias model’s parameters; and little effort to understand the range of uncertainty associated with the bias. Until bias analysis becomes more common, community expectations for the presentation, explanation, and interpretation of bias analyses will remain unstable. Attention to good practices should improve quality, avoid errors, and discourage manipulation.