bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of collagen membranes and bone substitute differ in periodontal ligament cell microtissues and monolayers
Authors: Janjić Klara , Agis Hermann , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBarrier membranes and bone substitute are major tools of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) after periodontal disease. Integrity of the periodontal ligament plays a key role in periodontal health, but its functionality fails to be fully re‐established by GTR after disease or trauma. Microtissue models suggest an in vivo‐like model to develop novel GTR approaches due to its three‐dimensionality. This study aims to assess the effects of collagen membranes and bone substitute on cell viability, adhesion and gene expression of regenerative and inflammatory biomarkers by periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) microtissues.MethodsHuman PDLC microtissues and monolayers were cultured on collagen membranes or bone substitute. After 24 hours incubation, metabolic activity, focal adhesion, mRNA and protein production of collagen‐type‐I (COL1A1), periostin (POSTN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin (ANG), interleukin (IL)6 and IL8 were measured by resazurin‐based toxicity assay, focal adhesion staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.ResultsPDLC microtissues and monolayers were viable on collagen membranes and bone substitute, but microtissues were less metabolically active. Dominant staining of actin filaments was found in PDLC microtissues on collagen membranes. COL1A1, POSTN, VEGF, ANG and IL6 were modulated in PDLC microtissues on bone substitute, while there were no significant changes on collagen membranes. PDLC monolayers showed a different character of gene expression changes.ConclusionsPDLC microtissues and monolayers react diversely to collagen membranes and bone substitute. Further descriptive and mechanistic tests will be required to clarify the potential of PDLC microtissues as in vivo‐like model for GTR.
Improvement in the appearance of cellulite and skin laxity resulting from a single treatment with acoustic subcision: Findings from a multicenter pivotal clinical trial
Authors: Tanzi Elizabeth L. , Capelli Christopher C. , Robertson David W. , LaTowsky Brenda , Jacob Carolyn , Ibrahim Omer , Kaminer Michael S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesSurface depressions and skin laxity together play a role in the appearance of cellulite. Cellulite depressions can be improved through disruption of the subcutaneous fibrous structures. Some currently utilized approaches accomplish this through invasive techniques requiring local anesthesia and potential down time. Skin laxity can exacerbate the appearance of cellulite, however current invasive approaches do little to improve skin laxity. The objective of this study was to evaluate a noninvasive approach to improving both cellulite depressions and skin laxity through the use of rapid acoustic pulses (acoustic subcision). Safety, efficacy, tolerability, and participant satisfaction results were measured.MethodsWomen (n = 56) with moderate to severe cellulite were treated in a single acoustic subcision treatment session without anesthesia. Posttreatment adverse events (AEs) and tolerability were recorded. At 12‐weeks cellulite outcomes were assessed using a 6‐point simplified Cellulite Severity Scale (CSS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Additionally, laxity improvement was measured using a 4‐point Laxity Score (LS) and GAIS.ResultsImprovement in cellulite appearance measured at 12‐weeks showed that participants (n = 56) had a mean CSS reduction of 1.01 (a 29.5% reduction from baseline). The posttreatment photograph was correctly identified by blinded independent reviewers from randomized pairs of pre/posttreatment photographs for 96.4% of participants. Cellulite was graded as improved, much improved or very much improved using the GAIS at 90.9% of treated locations. Finally, 92.9% of participants reported positive satisfaction responses. Scoring for improvement in skin laxity appearance at 12‐weeks showed a mean LS reduction of 0.57 (a 27.9% reduction from baseline). GAIS for laxity was graded as improved, much improved or very much improved in 67.3% of treated areas. No unexpected or serious AEs were noted at treatment or follow‐up. Overall average pain score during treatment was 2.4 (0–10 pain scale) and 0.3 immediately posttreatment.ConclusionA single noninvasive acoustic subcision session can safely provide meaningful improvement in the appearance of cellulite in terms of depressions, as well as skin laxity, with minimal treatment pain and no posttreatment down time. Further improvement in appearance is expected with multiple treatments over time. Additional trials to verify this are planned.
Engineering Polysaccharides for Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Wu Pingli , Xi Xin , Li Ruochen , Sun Guoming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe success of repair or regeneration depends greatly on the architecture of 3D scaffolds that finely mimic natural extracellular matrix to support cell growth and assembly. Polysaccharides have excellent biocompatibility with intrinsic biological cues and they have been extensively investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). The physical and biochemical structures of natural polysaccharides, however, can barely meet all the requirements of tissue‐engineered scaffolds. To take advantage of their inherent properties, many innovative approaches including chemical, physical, or joint modifications have been employed to improve their properties. Recent advancement in molecular and material building technology facilitates the fabrication of advanced 3D structures with desirable properties. This review focuses on the latest progress of polysaccharide‐based scaffolds for TERM, especially those that construct advanced architectures for tissue regeneration.
Global View and Trends in Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Particulate Matter Filtration: A Review
Authors: Valencia‐Osorio Laura Margarita , Álvarez‐Láinez Mónica Lucía 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNumerous experimental works for particulate matter (PM) filtration by electrospun nanofiber membranes (ESNFMs) are published in the last 10 years (2010–2021). Organizing and comparing the large amount of the available information to identify the best trends constitutes a big challenge. This review classifies all kinds of ESNFMs considering their physical, chemical, or electrical characteristics. All of them are obtained by modifying several parameters during a specific stage associated to the electrospinning process (ES). In this review, each of these stages is considered a "moment” as a particular instant in time. According to that, three modifications are made: Moment 1—before ES, which refers to changes in polymeric solution composition; moment 2—during ES, which refers to modifying parameters while ES is performed; and moment 3—after ES, which involves applying post‐treatments directly on the membrane. After classifying all kinds of filters by moments, a detailed comparison of ESNFMs with the highest quality factors for PM0.3 is presented, finding out the best trends and comparing their main filtration parameters as well, where the most promising ones correspond to charged and nanofiber/nets membranes, due to their high capture efficiencies (>95%) while maintaining low pressure drops (<100 Pa).
Facile Synthesis of Matrix‐Free Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots and Their Application as Security Inks
Authors: Liu Pei , Liu Chang , Chen Jiucun , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) have attracted great interest but their efficiency is usually dependent on a solid matrix. Developing efficient matrix‐free RTP CDs is still a great challenge. Here, a simple strategy is reported to synthesize efficient matrix free RTP N‐CDs from citric acid (CA) and basic fuchsine (BF) via a single step hydrothermal process. The synthesized N‐CDs show strong fluorescence in aqueous solution and the solid state, and the RTP lifetime is long‐lived (51.9 ms at 298 K). The phosphorescence of the N‐CDs is attributed to the formation of an internal hydrogen bonded network by the organic polymers on the surface of the N‐CDs. This reduces the nonradiative transitions of the triplet excitons and mitigates oxygen quenching. The application of N‐CDs as security inks is demonstrated.
Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring the occurrence, metastasis and therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yulan , Yi Yu , Li Zhen , Li Lianhuang , Zhan Zhenlin , Chen Jianxin , Zheng Liqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorldwide, the most common malignancy in women is breast cancer. At present, the gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis, namely pathological analysis, cannot reach the subcellular level, and is unable to provide more physiological information. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has its unique advantages, such as label‐free detection, high resolution, low damage, deep imaging depth, low photobleaching and phototoxicity, and so on, which make up for the deficiences of traditional methods. This review mainly introduces the principle of MPM and its applications in breast diseases, especially in monitoring the occurrence, progression, metastasis, and therapy response of tumor. At the same time, the performance and progress of MPM combined with nanomaterials in breast cancer treatment are summarized. Finally, we propose the clinical challenges and future research directions of MPM.
Generation of synthetic PET images of synaptic density and amyloid from 18F‐FDG images using deep learning
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Hui , Toyonaga Takuya , Shi Luyao , Wu Jing , Onofrey John Aaron , Tsai Yu‐Jung , Naganawa Mika , Ma Tianyu , Liu Yaqiang , Chen Ming‐Kai , Mecca Adam P. , O’Dell Ryan S. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Carson Richard E. , Liu Chi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposePositron emission tomography (PET) imaging with various tracers is increasingly used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies. However, access to PET scans using new or less‐available tracers with sophisticated synthesis and short half‐life isotopes may be very limited. Therefore, it is of great significance and interest in AD research to assess the feasibility of generating synthetic PET images of less‐available tracers from the PET image of another common tracer, in particular 18F‐FDG.MethodsWe implemented advanced deep learning methods using the U‐Net model to predict 11C‐UCB‐J PET images of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a surrogate of synaptic density, from 18F‐FDG PET data. Dynamic 18F‐FDG and 11C‐UCB‐J scans were performed in 21 participants with normal cognition (CN) and 33 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebellum was used as the reference region for both tracers. For 11C‐UCB‐J image prediction, four network models were trained and tested, which included 1) 18F‐FDG SUV ratio (SUVR) to 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR, 2) 18F‐FDG Ki ratio to 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR, 3) 18F‐FDG SUVR to 11C‐UCB‐J distribution volume ratio (DVR), and 4) 18F‐FDG Ki ratio to 11C‐UCB‐J DVR. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), structure similarity index (SSIM), and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated for evaluating the overall image prediction accuracy. Mean bias of various ROIs in the brain and correlation plots between predicted images and true images were calculated for ROI‐based prediction accuracy. Following a similar training and evaluation strategy, 18F‐FDG SUVR to 11C‐PiB SUVR network was also trained and tested for 11C‐PiB static image prediction.ResultsThe results showed that all four network models obtained satisfactory 11C‐UCB‐J static and parametric images. For 11C‐UCB‐J SUVR prediction, the mean ROI bias was −0.3% ± 7.4% for the AD group and −0.5% ± 7.3% for the CN group with 18F‐FDG SUVR as the input, −0.7% ± 8.1% for the AD group, and −1.3% ± 7.0% for the CN group with 18F‐FDG Ki ratio as the input. For 11C‐UCB‐J DVR prediction, the mean ROI bias was −1.3% ± 7.5% for the AD group and −2.0% ± 6.9% for the CN group with 18F‐FDG SUVR as the input, −0.7% ± 9.0% for the AD group, and −1.7% ± 7.8% for the CN group with 18F‐FDG Ki ratio as the input. For 11C‐PiB SUVR image prediction, which appears to be a more challenging task, the incorporation of additional diagnostic information into the network is needed to control the bias below 5% for most ROIs.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use 3D U‐Net‐based methods to generate synthetic 11C‐UCB‐J PET images from 18F‐FDG images with reasonable prediction accuracy. It is also possible to predict 11C‐PiB SUVR images from 18F‐FDG images, though the incorporation of additional non‐imaging information is needed.
A robust queueing network analyzer based on indices of dispersion
Authors: Whitt Ward , You Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe develop a robust queueing network analyzer algorithm to approximate the steady‐state performance of a single‐class open queueing network of single‐server queues with Markovian routing. The algorithm allows nonrenewal external arrival processes, general service‐time distributions and customer feedback. The algorithm is based on a decomposition approximation, where each flow is partially characterized by its rate and a continuous function that measures the stochastic variability over time. This function is a scaled version of the variance‐time curve, called the index of dispersion for counts (IDC). The required IDC functions for the external arrival processes can be calculated from the model primitives or estimated from data. Approximations for the IDC functions of the internal flows are calculated by solving a set of linear equations. The theoretical basis is provided by heavy‐traffic limits for the flows established in our previous papers. A robust queueing technique is used to generate approximations of the mean steady‐state performance at each queue from the IDC of the total arrival flow and the service specification at that queue. The algorithm's effectiveness is supported by extensive simulation studies.
Administration of rabies immunoglobulin: Improving evidence‐based guidance for wound infiltration
Authors: Bookstaver P. Brandon , Akpunonu Peter , Nguyen Huy‐Binh , Swan Joshua T. , Howington Gavin T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRabies virus causes a fatal infection of the brain and spinal cord, accounting for approximately 59,000 deaths globally each year. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), including both rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination, is administered to 55,000 patients annually in the United States. With a nearly 100% case fatality rate, the optimal administration of rabies PEP cannot be understated. Updated rabies PEP guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 recognized that local wound infiltration of RIG is the primary mechanism of protection, and the WHO now recommends only infiltration of wounds without distal intramuscular injection. We highlight potential points of failure involving wound infiltration of RIG, small‐volume doses, and large‐volume doses that may lead to suboptimal care and discuss implications of recent shifts toward evidence‐based guidelines using wound type and RIG volumes.
Heat‐resistant polyimides with lowCTEand water absorption through hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Chen Haiquan , Dai Fengna , Hu Mengjie , Chen Chunhai , Qian Guangtao , Yu Youhai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel diamine, 1H,1′H‐(2,2′‐bibenzimidazole)‐5,5′‐diamine (DPABZ), containing bisbenzimidazole unit was successfully synthesized, and used to prepare a series of copolyimides BPDA:(ODAm/DPABZn) by polycondensation with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and 4,4‐biphthalic anhydride (BPDA). For comparison, a series of copolyimides BPDA:(ODAm/PABZn) based on another benzimidazole diamine 5‐amino‐2‐(4‐aminobenzene)‐benzimidazole (PABZ) was also prepared. As a result, with the increase of PABZ or DPABZ content, the heat resistance (TgandTd) and mechanical properties (σandE) of the resulting polyimide (PI) films increased, while the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decreased. Overall, the DPABZ‐based PIs showed higherTgvalues and much lower CTE values than PABZ. As the content of PABZ increased, the water absorption of PABZ‐based PIs increased obviously, but no significant change in DPABZ‐based PIs. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding in DPABZ‐based PIs caused by the diamine DPABZ was believed to be the reason for the aforementioned differences. The BPDA: DPABZ film with low‐water adsorption of 2.1%, high‐Tgvalue of 436°C and low‐CTE value of 5.4 ppm/°C could be a promising new generation of flexible display substrates.
Design and characterization of a novel dimeric blood–brain barrier penetrating TNFα inhibitor
Authors: Manrique‐Suárez Viana , Macaya Luis , Contreras Maria Angélica , Parra Natalie , Maura Rafael , González Alaín , Toledo Jorge R. , Sánchez Oliberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) inhibitors could prevent neurological disorders systemically, but their design generally relies on molecules unable to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This research was aimed to design and characterize a novel TNFα inhibitor based on the angiopeptide‐2 as a BBB shuttle molecule fused to the extracellular domain of human TNFα receptor 2 and a mutated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dimerization domain. This new chimeric protein (MTV) would be able to trigger receptor‐mediated transcytosis across the BBB via low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1 (LRP‐1) and inhibit the cytotoxic effect of TNFα more efficiently because of its dimeric structure. Stably transformed CHO cells successfully expressed MTV, and its purification by Immobilized‐Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) rendered high purity degree. Mutated VEGF domain included in MTV did not show cell proliferation or angiogenic activities measured by scratch and aortic ring assays, which corroborate that the function of this domain is restricted to dimerization. The pairs MTV‐TNFα (Kd 279 ± 40.9 nM) and MTV‐LRP1 (Kd 399 ± 50.5 nM) showed high affinity by microscale thermophoresis, and a significant increase in cell survival was observed after blocking TNFα with MTV in a cell cytotoxicity assay. Also, the antibody staining in CHOK1 and bEnd3 cells demonstrated the adhesion of MTV to the LRP1 receptor located in the cell membrane. These results provide compelling evidence for the proper functioning of the three main domains of MTV individually, which encourage us to continue the research with this new molecule as a potential candidate for the systemic treatment of neurological disorders.
Research on vulnerability analysis model of security accident system in petrochemical enterprises
Authors: Dong Mingxin , Meng Yifei , Song Xiaomiao , Qin Chuanrui , Bai Mingqi , Yin Fabo , Zhao Dongfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPetrochemical enterprises store and process a large number of flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful chemicals, and their security protection systems are vulnerable. Once damaged by man‐made malicious will cause serious losses and adverse effects. Previous studies on the vulnerability of petrochemical enterprises have insufficient consideration of systematicity and uniqueness, and lack consideration of the correlation and game of vulnerability elements. In this study, from the perspective of system, the elements of the security accident system vulnerability are analyzed, and the vulnerability analysis model of security accident system is put forward by studying the interaction between the elements. Threat and exposure constitute the external vulnerability of security accident system, sensitivity and adaptability constitute the internal vulnerability of security accident system; and the threat plays a counter role with sensitivity and adaptability through exposure, which promotes the evolution of vulnerability; Moreover, the different vulnerability elements of security accident system evolve step by step, with the evolution of security accidents. Finally, an illustrative case proves the feasibility of the vulnerability analysis model proposed in this study. The results of this research enrich the theoretical research on vulnerability, provide a reference for the prevention and control of security accidents in petrochemical enterprises.
SDN‐chain: Privacy‐preserving protocol for software defined networks using blockchain
Authors: Shashidhara R , Ahuja Nisha , Lajuvanthi M , Akhila S , Das Ashok Kumar , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoftware‐defined networking (SDN) is a programmable architecture for networking domain in which the security is provided by devising the network policies with the help of the network administrator. This is very cumbersome for the administrator to handle different attacks at various planes in SDN architecture. Blockchain can be used to prevent various attacks in SDN by providing a decentralization authentication environment. In this article, a secure Blockchain‐based privacy‐preserving protocol is proposed to thwart various security vulnerabilities in the SDN architecture. The proposed approach uses Modified‐Delegated Proof of Stake as the consensus protocol to ensure safety and reliability in the network. Besides, a security protocol is designed using cryptographic primitives and analyzed using a detailed security analysis. Initially, the consensus protocols are implemented using solidity smart contracts and deployed to the public Blockchain using Ethereum. Consequently, the proposed approach is simulated on OMNet++ using INET framework. The experimental results show that the proposed SDN‐Chain is secure, efficient, less incentive to centralize, and practically implementable in resource‐limited wireless and mobile environments.
Axial compression of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by composite of prestressed plastic‐steel strip and angle steel: An experimental study
Authors: Si Jianhui , Wu Linze , Guo Wenjing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rapid reinforcement of reinforced concrete members is one of the research hotspots in the field of structural reinforcement. In this paper, the packaging technology is applied to the field of reinforced concrete structure reinforcement, and new technology of composite reinforcement of prestressed plastic steel strips and angle steel is proposed. Furthermore, in this work, axial compression tests of three prestressed plastic steel strips‐angle steel composite reinforced concrete columns and one unreinforced reinforced concrete column were carried out and studied the prestressed plastic steel strips‐clad steel composite reinforcement and plastic steel strips. Furthermore, the effect of different reinforcement spacings on the failure characteristics, bearing capacity, and ductility of components were studied. The test results show that the failure characteristics of the reinforced concrete columns reinforced with prestressed plastic‐steel strips and angle steels were the same as those of unreinforced specimens. However, the initial cracking load of the reinforced specimens was found to be greater and as the spacing of plastic‐steel strips increased, the bearing capacity also increased. Moreover, their values were found to be 36.6%, 13.6%, and 8.2%, and the maximum increase in the limit displacement was 92.9%, 52.7%, and 22.6%, respectively. From the results, it was observed that the composite reinforcement technology could improve the ultimate bearing capacity and the ductility of components and has a good application value.