bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced HIV Disease Management Practices within Inpatient Medicine Units at a Referral Hospital in Zambia: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Mbewe Nyuma , Vinikoor Michael J. , Fwoloshi Sombo , Mwitumwa Mundia , Lakhi Shabir , Sivile Suilanji , Yavatkar Mallika , Lindsay Brianna , Stafford Kristen , Hachaambwa Lottie , Mulenga Lloyd , Claassen Cassidy W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Zambia recently achieved UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets for HIV epidemic control; however, inpatient facilities continue to face a large burden of patients with advanced HIV disease and HIV-related mortality. Management of advanced HIV disease, following guidelines from outpatient settings, may be more difficult within complex inpatient settings. We evaluated adherence to HIV guidelines during hospitalization, including opportunistic infection (OI) screening, treatment, and prophylaxis. Methods We reviewed inpatient medical records of people living with HIV (PLHIV) admitted to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia between December 1, 20218 and April 30, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV biomarkers, and OI screening and treatment – including tuberculosis (TB), Cryptococcus, and OI prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole (CTX). Screening and treatment cascades were constructed based on the 2017 WHO Advanced HIV Guidelines. Results We reviewed files from 200 charts of patients with advanced HIV disease; of these 92% (184/200) had been on ART previously; 58.1% (107/184) for more than 12 months. HIV viral load (VL) testing was uncommon but half of VL results were high. 39% (77/200) of patients had a documented CD4 count result. Of the 172 patients not on anti-TB treatment (ATT) on admission, TB diagnostic tests (either sputum Xpert MTB/RIF MTB/RIF or urine TB-LAM) were requested for 105 (61%) and resulted for 60 of the 105 (57%). Nine of the 14 patients (64%) with a positive lab result for TB died before results were available. Testing for Cryptococcosis was performed predominantly in patients with symptoms of meningitis. Urine TB-LAM testing was rarely performed. Conclusions Inconsistent CD4 testing reduced recognition of advanced HIV and OI screening was suboptimal, in part due to laboratory challenges. HIV programs can potentially reduce mortality and identify PLHIV with retention and adherence issues through strengthening inpatient activities, including VL testing.
Increased Admission Serum Total Bile Acids can be Associated with Decreased 3-month Mortality in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Huang Lingling , Xu Ge , Zhang Rong , Ji Jiahui , Wang Yadong , Sun Yaming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Bile acids not only play an important role in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, but also have anti-apoptosis and neuroprotective effects. However, few studies have focused on the relationship of TBA levels with the severity and prognosis of AIS. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential associations of admission fasting serum TBA levels with stroke severity, in-hospital complication incidence and 3 -month all-cause mortality in patients of AIS.Methods: A total of 777 AIS patients were finally enrolled in this study and divided into four groups according to the quartiles of serum TBA levels on admission. Results: Patients in group Q3 had the lowest risk of severe AIS (NIHSS > 10) regardless of the adjustments for confounders (P < 0.05). During hospitalization, 115 patients (14.8%) had stroke progressed (NIHSS score increased by ≥ 2), and 222 patients (28.6%) developed at least one complication, with no statistical difference among the four groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), seizures and renal insufficiency (RI) among the four groups (P > 0.05). A total of 114 patients (14.7%) died from various causes (including in-hospital deaths) at 3-month follow-up, respectively 42 (21.3%), 26 (13.3%), 19 (9.9%) and 27 (13.9%) in groups Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 with statistical difference (P = 0.013). After adjustments for confounding factors, the risk of death decreased (P -trend < 0.05) in groups Q2, Q3, and Q4 progressively compared with group Q1, with OR values of 0.36 (0.16-0.80), 0.30 (0.13-0.70), and 0.29 (0.13-0.65), respectively. Conclusions: TBA level presents no significant association with the severity of stroke and incidence of complications in patients of AIS, but negatively correlates to the risk of death within 3 months of onset.
Rapid and Reliable Analysis of Kojic Acid in Fungal Agar
Authors: Kushiro Masayo , Aoyama Koji , Kishimoto Marin , Morimitsu Yasujiro , Furukawa Tomohiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A rapid HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of kojic acid contained in fungal agar media. The methanol extract from fungal agar media was diluted with acetic acid aqueous solution and injected into HPLC. The separation was achieved on a C18 column within 10 minutes in an isocratic mode. The mobile phase was composed of water, methanol, and acetic acid. Spike and recovery tests were done using three representative agar media, and accuracy, precision and limit of detection were preferable. The developed method was applicable for the analysis of kojic acid in two Aspergillus strains practically, showing the usability of this method to evaluate the fungal ability to produce a beneficial secondary metabolite, kojic acid.
E.coli JM83 Damages Mucosal Barrier Inducing Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis via Activated TLR4 / NF-κB / P-p38 Signaling
Authors: Zheng Zebing , Gao Mingjuan , Tang Chengyan , Huang Lu , Gong Yuan , Liu Yuanmei , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is characterized by intestinal mucosal damage and unbalance of intestinal microbiota. Recent studies have shown that the TLR4/NF-κB/p-p38 signaling in the intestine is of great importance to intestinal mucosal integrity. This study aimed to investigate the role of TLR4/NF-κB/p-p38 signaling in the pathogenesis of HAEC in Escherichia coli (E. coli) JM83 infected Endothelin receptor B (Ednrb)−/− mice.
Methods

Ednrb −/− mice were administered with E. coli JM83 by oral gavage to establish the HAEC model, mice were randomly divided into WT group, Ednrb−/− group and Ednrb−/−+ E. coli JM83 group. The role of TLR4/NF-κB/p-p38 signaling was evaluated by vivo study.
Results

The activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/p-p38 signaling induced by E. coli JM83 caused HAEC in Ednrb−/− mice, which was evidenced by a significantly increased expression of TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10, decreased density of F-actin protein. While TLR4 knockdown improved the degree of enterocolitis and attenuated the expression of IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β and increased the density of F-actin protein in Ednrb−/− mice after E. coli infection.
Conclusions

These results indicate that E. coli JM83 activates TLR4/NF-κB/p-p38 signaling to promote the development of HAEC. However, inhibition of this signaling may be benefit to the treatment and prevention of HAEC.
Variability in Plasma Lipids between Intensive Statins Therapy and Conventional-dose Statins Combined with Ezetimibe Therapy in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis Disease
Authors: Jin Jinhua , Wang Cao , Wang Manjun , Liu Lu , Xv Tian , Li Duanbin , Chen Zhezhe , Zhang Wenbin , Qiu Fuyu , Li Ya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the risks of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD). Intensive-dose statins or combining with ezetimibe are widely used to improve the lipid-lowering efficacy in the clinic. Recently, lipid variability has gradually gained attention to be a more reliable predictor of cardiovascular events. We aimed to investigate the variability in plasma lipids in the above two lipid-lowering strategy.Methods: It was a multicenter retrospective study, a total of 1275 patients with CAD from January 2009 to April 2019 were divided into 2 groups: intensive statins (atorvastatin 40 mg/d or rosuvastatin 20 mg/d) group and conventional-dose statins (atorvastatin 20 mg/d or rosuvastatin 10 mg/d) combined with ezetimibe group. All patients were followed up for at least 1-year. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of two lipid-lowering regimens with plasma lipids variability; and subgroup analyses of the relevant factors were applied. All verifications are verified by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and variability independent of mean (VIM) triple methods.Results: In the overall participants, the mean age was 62.3±10.4 years old, and 72.8% was male. Multivariate linear regression indicated that intensive statins group had lower variability in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in all SD, CV, and VIM triple methods than statins combined with ezetimibe group (p for all <0.05). The similar results were established in the subgroup analyses based on atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, diabetes mellites or not, hypertension or not (p for all <0.05).Conclusions: Intensive statins therapy has lower variability in TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C, that is, better lipids stability than statins combined with ezetimibe therapy in patients with CAD.
Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix – A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bahall Vishal , De Barry Lance , Barrow Mickhaiel , Ramnarace Rene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Poorly differentiated diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma typically presents at an advanced stage, however, metastasis to the uterine cervix is extremely rare. To our knowledge, less than forty cases have been described worldwide. Case presentation: We report a case of a 47-year-old woman who presented to us with symptomatic uterine fibroids and subsequently underwent a successful total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The diagnosis of metastatic cancer involving the cervix was established incidentally on histopathology, which showed atypical signet ring cells in the lymphovascular spaces of the cervix. Further investigations for a primary malignancy revealed a poorly differentiated diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Gastric cancer involving the uterine cervix is rare and associated with a poor prognosis. When presented with isolated cervical metastases, the gastrointestinal tract should be considered as a possible primary source. Due to the limited publications on this clinical entity, we expect to raise awareness and study of this unique manifestation of gastric cancer by presenting our case.
Comparison of the value of different measuring parameters in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients withlung adenocarcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wen Guanghua , Wang SIsi , Hu Yongan , Huang Qifeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

18F-FDG PET/CT has been used worldwide for the staging of lung cancer, but the criteria used for classifying mediastinal lymph nodes as malignant are underdispute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of using different standardized uptake value (SUV) parameters in the detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases of lung adenocarcinoma.
Method

A retrospective review of 61 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent18F-FDG PET/CT from 2015 to 2018 in the nuclear medicine department of our hospital was performed. Patients with mediastinal lymph nodes shown on PET/CT and who underwent apathological examination were enrolled in our study. Different SUV parameters (e.g.,mediastinal lymph node SUVmax, node/liver SUVmax ratio, and node/mediastinum SUVmax ratio) were evaluated.Histology was used as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the three methods mentioned above. A Pvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results

The pathological examination confirmed lymph node metastasis in 42 of 104 lymph node sections from 50 patients.The lymph node SUVmax, node/liver SUVmaxratio, and node/mediastinum SUVmax ratio of metastatic lymph nodes were higher than those of benign lymph nodes (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curves of themediastinallymph node SUVmax, node/liver SUVmax ratio, and node/mediastinum SUVmax ratio were 0.81, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively, with cut-off values of 3.15,1.65, and 1.73, respectively.
Conclusion

The mediastinal lymph node SUVmax, node/liver SUVmax ratio, and node/mediastinum SUVmax ratio each have quite high accuracy in the detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases of lung adenocarcinoma, and a node/liver SUVmax ratio≥1.65 has higher accuracy than the other two parameters.
Adaptation of farmers to climate-change and determinants of their adaptation decisions in South India
Authors: Kumar K. Nirmal Ravi , Reddy M. Jagan Mohan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is the largest source of livelihood in India and now faces a serious challenge from climate-change. In this context, this study investigated, how farmers in India perceive climate-change, what adaptation strategies they practice, and major determinants of their adaptation decisions. Primary data forms the database collected from 400 sample farmers from southern States of India to employ Discriminant model and Multinomial Logit Model (MNLM). The results of Discriminant analysis revealed that off-farm income, income from agriculture and farming experience are the major discriminating variables with largest contributions to motivate the farmers for tackling climate-change. Findings from MNLM revealed that in addition to above three variables, access to climate-change information and education background of the farmers are also the important determinants in adoption of climate-change adaptation strategies viz., crop diversification, integrating crops with livestock, change in the planting date and adoption of soil and water conservation measures. The study highlighted increasing role of Government in the future to safeguard interests of farmers through offering a wide range of institutional, policy and technology support. Further, providing off-farm employment opportunities to the farmers is crucial to sustain their livelihoods, as such activities are less sensitive to climate-change.
Implementation of Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Units on Grouped Time-Series Data to Predict Stock Prices Accurately
Authors: Lawi Armin , Mesra Hendra , Amir Supri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stocks are an attractive investment option since they can generate large profits compared to other businesses. The movement of stock price patterns on the stock market is very dynamic; thus it requires accurate data modeling to forecast stock prices with a low error rate. Forecasting models using Deep Learning are believed to be able to accurately predict stock price movements using time-series data, especially the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithms. However, several previous implementation studies have not been able to obtain convincing accuracy results. This paper proposes the implementation of the forecasting method by classifying the movement of time-series data on company stock prices into three groups using LSTM and GRU. The accuracy of the built model is evaluated using loss functions of Rooted Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that the performance evaluation of both architectures is accurate in which GRU is always superior to LSTM. The highest validation for GRU was 98.73% (RMSE) and 98.54% (MAPE), while the LSTM validation was 98.26% (RMSE) and 97.71% (MAPE).
Validity of Mechanical advantage hypothesis of human grasping depends on the nature of task difficulty
Authors: Rajakumar Banuvathy , Dutta Swarnab , SKM Varadhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Successful object interaction during daily living involves maintaining the grasped object in a static equilibrium by properly arranging the fingertip contact forces. According to the mechanical advantage hypothesis, during supination or pronation torque production, fingers with longer moment arms would produce greater normal force than those with shorter moment arms. Previous studies have probed this hypothesis by investigating the force contributions of the individual fingers through systematic variations (or perturbations) of properties of the grasped handle. In the current study, we examined the applicability of this hypothesis in a paradigm wherein the thumb tangential force was constrained to a minimal constant magnitude. This was achieved by placing the thumb on a freely movable slider platform. The total mass of the handle was systematically varied by adding external loads directly below the center of mass of the handle. Our findings suggest that in the human hand, the central nervous system (CNS) adopts the principle of mechanical advantage depending on an abstract sense of challenge attached to the task situation.
Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel GUCY2D Mutation in an Iranian Family with Leber Congenital Amaurosis-1: A Case Report
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Al-Badran Adnan Issa , Mohammadi-Asl Javad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), the severe form of inherited retinal degenerative disorder is a prevalent disorder in the first year of life. Recently, genetic studies discovered that different gene mutations are responsible for LCA clinical manifestations. Case presentation: In this study, we applied whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify probable gene defects in an Iranian girl with LCA-1. We found a novel disease-causing GUCY2D gene mutation (c.2348T>C; p.L783P), located in exon 12 (NM_000180), causing a missense mutation that has been changed the coding protein. The WES-identified variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing for the patient and her healthy parents. Submitted to genetic counseling that the patient was 1-year old and blindness from birth.Conclusions: Our findings establish that this detected GUCY2D-p.L783P mutation is the pathogenic variant for LCA-1. This is the first genetic study indicating that c.2348T>C missense mutation in the homozygous state in GUCY2D gene is responsible for the LCA-1 phenotype.
Total Strong Litact Domination in Graphs
Authors: Avvari Renuka Lakshmi , Manda Vani , Chegu Ramprasad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new domination number called total strong litact domination number is defined on a graph and values of the defined variant to standard graphs, general graphs, trees etc., are acquired and endeavoured to raise a association among the total strong litact domination number of a litact graph of G with distinct parameters of G and also with additional domination parameters of G.Subject classification number: AMS-05C69, 05C70.
An Intelligent Decision-making System for Complex Products Assembly Process Planning
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Wen , Wang Zhan , Cheng De-Jun , Fang Xi-Feng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Current assembly process planning of complex products depends largely on the experience of technical personnel, which results in low design efficiency, low intelligence, and difficult to extract the assembly knowledge. To address these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent decision-making system for complex products assembly process planning through a comprehensively improved BP neural network with considering the assembly unit variability. Firstly, the characteristics, variations and similarities of assembly process for complex products are analyzed. A hierarchical model of product assembly process is established, which decomposes assembly process decision-making for overall structure into several units. A training set of each assembly unit is built considering the effect of assembly unit variability, based on which, an assembly process structure tree can be constructed quickly by connecting the nodes in the assembly process hierarchy model and the assembly process decision results. Secondly, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of decision-making, an ant lion optimizer (ALO)-BP neural network is proposed for complex products assembly process planning, which can optimize the selection of initial weights, thresholds, learning rate and feedback process of BP neural network automatically. Finally, with the case study of assembly process of the marine diesel engines, the proposed approach is compared with other algorithm models. The comparison results demonstrated that the proposed intelligent decision-making system is more precise than the other models.
Molecular profile reveals immune-associated markers of medulloblastoma for different subtypes
Authors: li shenglan , Kang Zhuang , Chen jinyi , Wang Can , Cai Zehao , Pan Leixin , Chen Feng , Li Wenbin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Medulloblastoma is a common intracranial tumor among children. In recent years, research on cancer genome has established four distinct subtypes of medulloblastoma: WNT, SHH, Group3, and Group4. Each subtype has its own transcriptional profile, methylation changes, and different clinical outcomes. Treatment and prognosis also vary depending on the subtype.
Methods

Based on the methylation data of medulloblastoma samples, methylCIBERSORT was used to evaluate the level of immune cell infiltration in medulloblastoma samples and identified 10 kinds of immune cells with different subtypes. Combined with the immune database, 293 Imm-DEGs were screened. Imm-DEGs were used to construct the co-expression network, and the key modules related to the level of differential immune cell infiltration were identified. Three immune hub genes (GAB1, ABL1, CXCR4) were identified according to the gene connectivity and the correlation with phenotype in the key modules, as well as the PPI network involved in the genes in the modules.
Results

The subtype marker was recognized according to the immune hub, and the subtype marker was verified in the external data set, the methylation level of immune hub gene among different subtypes was compared and analyzed, at the same time, tissue microarray was used for immunohistochemical verification, and a multi-factor regulatory network of hub gene was constructed.
Conclusions

Identifying subtype marker is helpful to accurately identify the subtypes of medulloblastoma patients, and can accurately evaluate the treatment and prognosis, so as to improve the overall survival of patients.