bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development a multiplex panel of AISNPs, multi‐allelic InDels, microhaplotypes, and Y‐SNP/InDel loci for multiple forensic purposes via the NGS
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Ye , Liu Yan‐Fang , Cui Wei , Chen Chong , Zhang Xing‐Ru , Huang Jiang , Zhu Bo‐Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, next generation sequencing has shown the promising application value in forensic research. In this study, we constructed a multiplex amplification system of different molecular genetic markers based on the previous selected ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multi‐allelic insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms, microhaplotypes, and Y‐chromosomal SNP/InDel loci, and evaluated forensic efficiencies of the system in Chinese Shaanxi Han, Chinese Hui, and Chinese Mongolian groups via the next generation sequencing platform. Ancestry information analyses of Shaanxi Han, Hui, and Mongolian groups revealed that most Mongolian individuals could be differentiated from Shaanxi Hans and Huis based on the selected ancestry informative SNPs. Multi‐allelic InDels and microhaplotypes showed the multiple allele variations and possessed relatively high genetic polymorphisms in these three groups, indicating these loci could provide higher forensic efficiencies for individual identification and paternity testing. Based on Y‐chromosomal SNPs, different haplogroup distributions were observed among Shaanxi Han, Hui, and Mongolian groups. In conclusion, the self‐developed system could be used to simultaneously carry out the individual identification, paternity analysis, mixture deconvolution, forensic ancestry information analysis, and Y‐chromosomal haplogroup inference, which could provide more valuable investigative clues in forensic practices.
Effects and interactions of metal oxides in microparticle‐enhanced cultivation of filamentous microorganisms
Authors: Laible Andreas Reiner , Dinius Anna , Schrader Marcel , Krull Rainer , Kwade Arno , Briesen Heiko , Schmideder Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFilamentous microorganisms are used as molecular factories in industrial biotechnology. In 2007, a new approach to improve productivity in submerged cultivation was introduced: microparticle‐enhanced cultivation (MPEC). Since then, numerous studies have investigated the influence of microparticles on the cultivation. Most studies considered MPEC a morphology engineering approach, in which altered morphology results in increased productivity. But sometimes similar morphological changes lead to decreased productivity, suggesting that this hypothesis is not a sufficient explanation for the effects of microparticles. Effects of surface chemistry on particles were paid little attention, as particles were often considered chemically‐inert and bioinert. However, metal oxide particles strongly interact with their environment. This review links morphological, physical, and chemical properties of microparticles with effects on culture broth, filamentous morphology, and molecular biology. More precisely, surface chemistry effects of metal oxide particles lead to ion leaching, adsorption of enzymes, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, microparticles interfere with gene regulation, metabolism, and activity of enzymes. To enhance the understanding of microparticle‐based morphology engineering, further interactions between particles and cells are elaborated. The presented description of phenomena occurring in MPEC eases the targeted choice of microparticles, and thus, contributes to improving the productivity of microbial cultivation technology.
Drug‐resistant epilepsy and the hypothesis of intrinsic severity: What about the high‐frequency oscillations?
Authors: Santana‐Gomez Cesar E. , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one‐third of the patients with epilepsy. Based on experimental findings from animal models and brain tissue from patients with DRE, different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cause(s) of drug resistance. One is the intrinsic severity hypothesis that posits that drug resistance is an inherent property of epilepsy related to disease severity. Seizure frequency is one measure of epilepsy severity, but frequency alone is an incomplete measure of severity and does not fully explain basic research and clinical studies on drug resistance; thus, other measures of epilepsy severity are needed. One such measure could be pathological high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), which are believed to reflect the neuronal disturbances responsible for the development of epilepsy and the generation of spontaneous seizures. In this manuscript, we will briefly review the intrinsic severity hypothesis, describe basic and clinical research on HFOs in the epileptic brain, and based on this evidence discuss whether HFOs could be a clinical measure of epilepsy severity. Understanding the mechanisms of DRE is critical for producing breakthroughs in the development and testing of novel strategies for treatment.
Does cesarean delivery increase the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood?
Authors: Chen Ginden , Chiang Wan‐Lin , Chiang Tung‐liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether cesarean delivery (CD) is associated with the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) at the age of 8 years.MethodsA total of 19 142 children were included from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS) database. Associations between modes of delivery or modalities of CD and NDDs were evaluated before and after controlling for gestational age (GA) and clinical condition at birth, children's characteristics, maternal socioeconomic status and maternal clinical condition at childbirth.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) of occurrence of NDDs in children born via CD was 1.15 and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.00–1.32. Emergency CD had a higher occurrence of NDDs (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.16–1.65) compared with vaginal delivery. These associations were attenuated after controlling for children's and maternal characteristics and GA at birth. GA at birth had a significant reverse dose‐effect on the occurrence of NDDs in children born via vaginal delivery and CD.ConclusionModes of delivery and GA could influence the occurrence of NDDs in childhood. However, association of risk of NDDs and modes of delivery or modalities of CD might be modified by males, lower socioeconomic status and mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy on surgical site infection in obese women after cesarean section: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Chenchen , Cheng Tao , Li Junsheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevention of surgical site infection (SSI) is a public health challenge. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for preventing SSI and other wound complications in obese women undergoing cesarean section. The search terms included “negative pressure wound therapy”, “obesity” and “cesarean section/delivery”. Randomized controlled trials were used to compare the use of NPWT to standard dressings in preventing SSI in obese women after cesarean section. A comprehensive literature search of four databases was performed up to June 2021. The primary outcome was SSI. Secondary outcomes were seroma, hematoma, overall wound complications, and adverse skin reactions. Ten RCTs involving 5586 patients met the inclusion criteria. The use of NPWT reduced SSI (RR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63–0.92, P = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was detected in the incidence of overall wound complications (RR = 0.93, P = 0.48), seroma (RR = 1.10, P = 0.79), hematoma (RR = 0.63, P = 0.36) and hospital readmission (RR = 1.41, P = 0.15). NPWT significantly increased the occurrence of skin blistering with a RR of 4.60 (P = 0.04). Use of prophylactic NPWT after cesarean delivery among obese women is associated with a significant reduction of surgical site infection.
Toward global digital literate citizens: A case of Thailand's aging generation
Authors: Jantavongso Suttisak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDigital technology offers solutions for enhancing older adults' wellbeing. Older adults need digital knowledge and skills to ensure the quality of life, increase cognitive engagement in daily routines, and better connection with loved ones. Thailand is moving toward a knowledge‐based economy, and the Thai government has declared interest in digital ecosystem development. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on the older adults and other underprivileged living in remote areas. However, to date, there are few comprehensive studies on the levels of digital competency and on how older adults accept and use digital technologies. For this reason, this paper constructed a model demonstrating the digital literacy competency among Thai older adults in rural areas. The exploratory research examined the older adults' digital competencies through 97 interviews. Moreover, the results revealed the existing competency gap. The top three desired digital competencies were safety, communication and collaboration, and information and data literacy. Examining these findings nurtures the formation of digital literacy competency from the needs of older adults. Thus, the results contribute to scholarship on workable digital literacy curriculum development designed especially for older adults and help Thailand achieve its vision of “Digital Thailand” that all Thais will become digitally literate.
Diagnostic comparison between cord blood and filter paper for the screening of congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Alameer Seham , Althobaiti Eman , Alshaikh Saud , Turjoman Meshari , Badriq Feras , AlSofyani Abeer , Mujalled Mohammed , Borai Anwar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCord‐blood and heel‐prick TSH levels are essential in diagnosing and preventing the serious complications of congenital hypothyroidism, which mainly include intellectual disability. The study aimed to compare between cord‐blood and heel‐prick TSH sensitivity and specificity in detecting congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among newborn screened babies.MethodThe study included 21,012 newborn screened babies for congenital hypothyroidism starting from September 2013 until March 2019. Both cord‐blood and heel‐prick TSH were collected from each newborn. Heel prick and cord‐blood TSH cutoff values of >21 μU/ml and >30 mIU/L respectively were considered positive.ResultsOut of the total screened newborns, 12 were confirmed for having primary congenital hypothyroidism. Nine cases were positive for cord‐blood TSH (Sensitivity 75%, specificity 99.9%, and a recall rate of 0.004%), while 139 cases were positive for heel‐prick blood TSH (Sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.3%, and a recall rate of 0.60%).ConclusionFor the screening of CH, heel prick is considered a superior method, but cord blood remains a practical option due to its cost‐effectiveness, immediate action, and lower recall rate. Therefore, whenever recall is difficult and/or early discharge is the practice, cord blood is an alternative method to heel prick but not with cases of prematurity.
Synthesis, and reverse screening of 6‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives as anticancer agents: Part‐II
Authors: Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Shaququzzaman Mohammad , Akhter Mymoona , Husain Asif , Parvez Suhel , Tasneem Sharba , Iqubal Ashif , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn continuation to our previous studies on cyanopyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents, we further designed, synthesized, and evaluated new 3,4,5‐trimethoxy phenyl ring pendant sulfur‐containing cyanopyrimidine derivatives (4a–m) with a particular lipophilic behavior. In this work, we have varied the chain length from isopropyl to isopentyl and evaluated their anticancer activities. To study the antiproliferative spectrum, in vitro evaluation was piloted against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute, United States. Compound 4g (NSC: D‐813664) displayed the most promising broad‐spectrum anticancer activity with high growth inhibition of various cell lines representing action against multiple cancers diseases. It showed percentage growth inhibition of 84.01 and 76.94 against SR leukemia and HCT‐116 colon cancer cell lines. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity studies and reverse screening were also performed to identify the potential targets of designed molecules. It was concluded that 6‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl) pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives exhibited its anticancer activity through different targets and hence could be further structurally modified and optimized to develop more potent multi‐targeting anticancer agents.
Insight on molecular pathogenesis and pharmacochaperoning potential in phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, provided by novel human phosphomannomutase 2 structures
Authors: Briso‐Montiano Alvaro , Del Caño‐Ochoa Francisco , Vilas Alicia , Velázquez‐Campoy Adrián , Rubio Vicente , Pérez Belén , Ramón‐Maiques Santiago 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) deficiency, the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2‐CDG), is a severe condition, which has no cure. Due to the identification of destabilizing mutations, our group aims at increasing residual activity in PMM2‐CDG patients, searching for pharmacochaperones. Detailed structural knowledge of hPMM2 might help identify variants amenable to pharmacochaperoning. hPMM2 structural information is limited to one incomplete structure deposited in the Protein Databank without associated publication, which lacked ligands and residues from a crucial loop. Here we report five complete crystal structures of hPMM2, three for wild‐type and two for the p.Thr237Met variant frequently found among Spanish PMM2‐CDG patients, free and bound to the essential activator glucose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (Glc‐1,6‐P2). In the hPMM2 homodimer, each subunit has a different conformation, reflecting movement of the distal core domain relative to the dimerization cap domain, supporting an opening/closing process during catalysis. Two Mg2+ ions bind to the core domain, one catalytic and one structural. In the cap domain, the site for Glc‐1,6‐P2 is well delineated, while a Cl− ion binding at the intersubunit interface is predicted to strengthen dimerization. Patient‐found amino acid substitutions are nonhomogeneously distributed throughout hPMM2, reflecting differential functional or structural importance for various parts of the protein. We classify 93 of 101 patient‐reported single amino acid variants according to five potential pathogenetic mechanism affecting folding of the core and cap domains, linker 2 flexibility, dimerization, activator binding, and catalysis. We propose that ~80% and ~50% of the respective core and cap domains substitutions are potential candidates for pharmacochaperoning treatment.
Effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation on the hot salt corrosion fatigue behavior of the TC17 titanium alloy
Authors: Shi Hailan , Liu Daoxin , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhao Weidong , Liu Zhen , Li Mengyao , He Yuting 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the hot salt corrosion fatigue (HSCF) behavior of the TC17 titanium alloy at 420°C was investigated. Through microstructure characterization and fatigue fracture analysis, combined with a comparative study of its hot salt corrosion behavior, the mechanism of PEO on HSCF behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the high‐temperature fatigue resistance of the TC17 titanium alloy was significantly reduced by the deposition of 0.4 mg/cm2 of solid NaCl compared with that without a salt coating. This behavior was observed because the corrosion pits caused by hot salt corrosion promoted the initiation of fatigue cracks, and hydrogen penetration promoted the growth of fatigue cracks. However, the HSCF resistance of the TC17 alloy with the PEO ceramic coating could be effectively increased. This was because the PEO ceramic coating with high bonding strength and good compactness effectively inhibited hot salt corrosion damage and delayed the formation of the resident slip zone and hydrogen permeation, thereby inhibiting the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.
Low Voltage and Low Temperature Soft Electrothermal Actuator Based on PE/Graphite Bilayer Film
Authors: Yeli Xu , Yanni Lin , Yan Chen , Fenjing Wang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoft electrothermal actuators are widely used in soft robots, smart switches, medical devices, artificial muscles, and human–machine interactions. Generally, they operate at room temperature but also meet the safety standards for maximum safe voltage for a human body. Therefore, an actuator with a lower voltage and lower temperature is the first choice, as long as the performance is not affected. In this study, a bilayer film based on polythene (PE)/graphite is used to realize an electrothermal drive. The method is simple, inexpensive, and convenient for mass production. At a low driving voltage of between 1.5 and 2 V, and at a temperature of 40–52 °C, a maximum bending angle of 139.22°–470°. Through the demonstration of a micromechanical gripper and transportation illustrated by drug crawling, it is proven that the PE/graphite composite membrane can be widely applied in the field of soft actuators.
Self‐management of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions: What is most useful to patients? Protocol for a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Wanless Ben , Berry Alice , Noblet Tim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionMusculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are the leading cause of disability in the United Kingdom, leading to ever‐growing waiting lists. Clinical guidelines highlight that most musculoskeletal conditions resolve in time and with little clinical input, and so supporting people to self‐manage is recommended to optimise healthcare resources. Despite this, the term self‐management remains ambiguous and to date no systematic review has evaluated if self‐management is a suitable, acceptable, and effective intervention/strategy for managing all MSK conditions.Methods and AnalysisThis protocol is informed and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA). An advanced convergent qualitative meta‐integration mixed‐studies design will be used. Using a comprehensive predetermined search strategy, databases, key journals and grey literature will be searched independently by two reviewers. The reviewers will independently assess eligibility, complete data extraction, and evaluate for risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The overall quality of included studies will be evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Data from mixed‐methods studies will be transformed using a process of fractionation and analysed alongside the data extracted from the quantitative and qualitative studies, using descriptive analysis and thematic analysis, respectively.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics are required for this systematic review since patient data will not be collected. The review will help to inform healthcare professionals and researchers on the most suitable, acceptable, and effective intervention/strategy for self‐managing MSK conditions. Results of this review will be submitted for publication in a peer‐reviewed journal and conference presentations.
Optimal stimulation site of the femoral nerve to record F waves from the vastus lateralis muscle
Authors: Kurobe Masataka , Matsubara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Toshiaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe conventional recording of F waves from the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) may not accurately measure the F‐wave amplitude, as the F‐wave latency is short and overlaps with the M wave. However, the optimal stimulation site of the femoral nerve for recording M and F waves separately from the VL remains unclear. In this study we aimed to determine the optimal stimulation site of the femoral nerve to record M and F waves separately from the VL.MethodsStimulating electrodes were placed medial and lateral to the VL (50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of the distance along a line extending from the proximal to the distal thigh). Each site of the distal thigh was electrically stimulated at random and F waves were recorded from the VL. Each stimulation site was considered to be success if there was no severe pain or discomfort during electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve and no overlap between the recorded M and F waves; otherwise, it was determined as a failure.ResultsThirteen healthy men participated in the study. F waves were successfully recorded in five participants at the 50% sites, eight participants at the 60% site, and 12 participants at the 70% and 80% sites. In cases of failed F‐wave measurement, the participants experienced severe pain or discomfort due to electrical stimulation.DiscussionM and F waves could be recorded separately from the VL when the relevant branch of the femoral nerve was stimulated in the distal thigh.
Predicting outcomes after intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxina for non‐neurogenic urgency incontinence in women
Authors: Hendrickson Whitney K. , Xie Gongbo , Rahn David D. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Hokanson James A. , Bradley Megan , Smith Ariana L. , Sung Vivian W. , Visco Anthony G. , Luo Sheng , Jelovsek J. Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsDevelop models to predict outcomes after intradetrusor injection of 100 or 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA in women with non‐neurogenic urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).MethodsModels were developed using 307 women from two randomized trials assessing efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA for non‐neurogenic UUI. Cox, linear and logistic regression models were fit using: (1) time to recurrence over 12 months, (2) change from baseline daily UUI episodes (UUIE) at 6 months, and (3) need for self‐catheterization over 6 months. Model discrimination of Cox and logistic regression models was calculated using c‐index. Mean absolute error determined accuracy of the linear model. Calibration was demonstrated using calibration curves. All models were internally validated using bootstrapping.ResultsMedian time to recurrence was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–12) months. Increasing age, 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA, higher body mass index (BMI) and baseline UUIE were associated with decreased time to recurrence. The c‐index was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59, 0.67). Median change in daily UUIE from baseline at 6 months was −3.5 (IQR: −5.0, −2.3). Increasing age, lower baseline UUIE, 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA, higher BMI and IIQ‐SF were associated with less improvement in UUIE. The mean absolute error predicting change in UUIE was accurate to 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5, 1.7) UUI episodes. The overall rate of self‐catheterization was 17.6% (95% CI: 13.6%–22.4%). Lower BMI, 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA, increased baseline postvoid residual and maximum capacity were associated with higher risk of self‐catheterization. The c‐index was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.76). The three calculators are available at http://riskcalc.duke.edu.ConclusionsAfter external validation, these models will assist clinicians in providing more accurate estimates of expected treatment outcomes after onabotulinumtoxinA for non‐neurogenic UUI in women.