bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Effect of the Islamic Religious Personality on the Relationship between the Islamic Worldview and Intercultural Sensitivity among Students
Authors: Noorfuad Noorhannah , Wok Saodah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMuslims consider themselves to be a â€˜family of believersâ€™ (Samovar, 2009) as Islam emphasizes the importance of perceiving and treating other Muslims beyond the differences of appearance and culture. This study examines the relationships of the Islamic worldview and Islamic religious personality with intercultural sensitivity, as well as the mediating effect of the Islamic religious personality on the relationship between the Islamic worldview and intercultural sensitivity in an international learning institution. Religion has an essential role in culture and thus affects our beliefs and behavior. A survey method is used with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. A sample of 221 undergraduate studentsof the International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) participated in the study. The results show that the Islamic worldview and the Islamic religious personality positively influence intercultural sensitivity among Muslim students, and that the Islamic religious personality acts as a mediator in the relationship between the Islamic worldview and intercultural sensitivity.
Keywords: Intercultural communication, intercultural sensitivity, Islam, religiosity and worldview.
Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Mineral Exploration—Opportunities and Cautionary Notes
Authors: Woodhead Jon , Landry Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early-career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each.

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) have emerged in the last few years from relative obscurity in the mineral exploration sector and they now attract significant attention from people in both industry and academia. However, due to the novelty of AI and ML applications, their practical use and potential remain enigmatic to many beyond a relatively few expert practitioners. We introduce this subject for the nonexpert and review some of the current applications and evolving uses. For the most traditionally minded geologist, we argue that ML can be an invaluable new tool, contributing to topics that range from exploratory data analysis to automated core logging and mineral prospectivity mapping, such that it will have a substantial impact on how exploration is conducted in the future. However, ML algorithms perform best with a large amount of homogeneously distributed clean data for a well-constrained objective. For this reason, the application to exploration strategy, especially for optimizing target selection, will be a challenge where data are heterogeneous, multiscale, amorphous, and discontinuous. For the more tech-savvy geologist and data scientist, we provide notes of caution regarding the limitations of ML applied to geoscience data, and reasons to temper expectations. Nonetheless, we project that such technologies, if used in an appropriate manner, will eventually be part of the full range of exploration tasks, allowing explorers to do more with their data in less time. However, whether this will tip the scales in favor of higher discovery rates remains to be demonstrated.
Behind blue eyes – Evidence for ocular nutritional supplements on the Scandinavian market
Authors: Bro Tomas , Ygge Jan 
Published: October 2021

Nutritional supplements for eye health are very popular, but the size of the market makes it difficult to grasp for the clinician. To guide patients and clinicians in the subject it would therefore be valuable to have a list of available products and their content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular nutritional supplements available on the Scandinavian market and how their doses relate to current evidence. A list of nutritional supplements for ocular health available on the Scandinavian market was compiled by structured internet searches, and the products and their contents were compared with current evidence and legislated upper tolerable levels. Out of 104 products on the Scandinavian market, only two products reached the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-formula at the recommended dose. One additional product reached the same formula if the recommended dose was exceeded. As only two nutritional supplements for ocular health on the Scandinavian market reached the AREDS2-dose at recommended dose, clinicians offering such substances need to have knowledge not only about the substances but also of the doses. In the future it would be welcome if the health claims for nutritional supplements were based on placebo-controlled intervention studies, to avoid ineffective products.
Description of Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) parasitizing the gallbladder of Elachistocleis cesarii from Brazil, based on morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Vieira Diego Henrique Mirandola Dias , Pereira Úngari Letícia , De Alcantara Edna Paulino , Emmerich Enzo , Quagliatto Santos André Luiz , O´Dwyer Lucia Helena , Da Silva Reinaldo José 
Published: October 2021

Numerous pseudoplasmodia containing myxospores belonging to the genus Cystodiscus were found in the gallbladder of Elachistocleis cesarii from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Herein, we describe Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov., using morphological and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. The mature myxospores were ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring in average 10.6 (9.8–11.2) μm in length and 6.2 (5.6–6.6) μm in width. Polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size measuring in average 3.6 (2.8–4.3) μm in length and 2.6 (2.2–3.1) μm in width. Polar filaments had 2–4 coils. The myxospores had 3–5 transverse ridges. The phylogenetic analysis showed Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov. as a sister species of Cystodiscus cf. immersus 1, in a subclade formed by species that parasitize the amphibians gallbladder. This is the first species of Cystodiscus described parasitizing a species of Elachistocleis and the third species of Cystodiscus described in Brazil.
A Timely Update of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Classification in the Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Wang Minhua , Hui Pei 
Published: October 2021

Context.—
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and has been traditionally classified based on histology. However, the distinction of certain histologic subtypes based on morphology is not uncommonly problematic, and as such, immunohistochemical study is often needed. Advances in comprehensive tumor sequencing have provided novel molecular profiles of endometrial carcinomas. Four distinct molecular subtypes with different prognostic values have been proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas program: polymerase epsilon ultramutated, microsatellite instability hypermutated, copy number low (microsatellite stable or no specific molecular profile), and copy number high (serouslike, p53 mutant).

Objective.—
To discuss the utilities of commonly used immunohistochemical markers for the classification of endometrial carcinomas and to review the recent advancements of The Cancer Genome Atlas molecular reclassification and their potential impact on treatment strategies.

Data Sources.—
Literature review and authors' personal practice experience.

Conclusions.—
The current practice of classifying endometrial cancers is predominantly based on morphology. The use of ancillary testing, including immunohistochemistry, is helpful in the identification, differential diagnosis, and classification of these cancers. New developments such as molecular subtyping have provided insightful prognostic values for endometrial carcinomas. The proposed The Cancer Genome Atlas classification is poised to gain further prominence in guiding the prognostic evaluation for tailored treatment strategies in the near future.
The aftermath of enforced disappearance and concealment.
Authors: Morales-Sáez Nicolás , Espina Joel 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The forced disappearance of peasants in the Paine commune, Chile, dates back to the first months after the coup in 1973. Ten years ago, as a result of a judicial investigation, the location of a mass grave was revealed to more than one hundred kilometers from the detention site. This finding allowed the identification of eleven detainees who disappeared by genetic methods, along with another five recognized from forensic archaeological evidence. Our main objective is to account for the aftermath of forced disappearance and the operation to conceal the bodies of three generations of relatives of disappeared detainees.

Methods:

Qualitative research: Case study, carried out between 2014 and 2015, with a total of 19 interviewees from three generations, belonging to six families from Paine. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with two to three sessions per interviewee and three discussion groups, one for each generation.

Results:

The three generations face in a dissimilar way the slogan of where are they ?, as well as they attribute different meanings to the skeletal remains. It contrasts the "duty to recognize" of the first generation with the interpellation of the third generation through practices that vindicate the collective dimension of mourning. In the experiences of intergenerational dialogue, spaces of memory have taken center stage, in particular the location of the common grave. One of the relevant results of this investigation has been to give an account of the social experience of forensic identification.

Conclusions:

Family relationships do not convey an integrating story but rather what stands out is the emptiness of representation and intergenerational silences. Science, through DNA, offers statistical evidence of identification, but the decision is maintained in the individual jurisdiction of each family member. Comprehensive forensic work with the participation of archaeologists, anthropologists, dentists and other experts contributes to restoring the dignity of the victimized body.
Assessment of Growth and Fertility Hormones of Albino Rats Exposed to Quarry Dust at a Quarry Industry
Authors: Ugochukwu Madu Francis , Iroha Akubugwo Emmanuel , Obinwa Uhegbu Friday , Chinwenmeri Madu Miracle 
Published: October 2021

Aim: Growth and fertility hormones of albino rats exposed to quarry dust were evaluated to determine if the inhaled quarry dust and heavy metals contained in it have any effect on the fertility and growth of the rats.
Methods: Sixty (30 in each of wet and dry seasons) male albino rats were used in this study and were housed in six (6) sterilized plastic cages with five (5) rats in each cage at Ugwuele quarry industry Uturu. The control (group 1) was housed at a distance of 7.2km from the quarry site. Group 2 was housed at the administration block of the quarry industry while groups 3,4,5,6 were housed at the gate, plant house, drilling pit and crusher positions of the quarry industry respectively. Heavy metals; lead, chromium, cobalt, arsenic, zinc and cadmium from dust samples were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer while assay for hormones was also carried out using standard analytical methods.
Results: All the analyzed heavy metals were present in the dust. Concentrations of heavy metals in the quarry dust were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control and higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Concentrations of prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) in the test samples were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the control while the concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the test samples were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control. Results also show that the concentrations of prolactin, FSH, LH and GH were lower in the dry season than in the wet season whereas, the concentrations of TSH in the exposed rats were higher in the dry season than in the wet season.
Conclusion: Growth rate and fertility of the albino rats may have been compromised by the exposure to the quarry dust, since the growth and fertility hormones were all reduced.
Contrast Sensitivity Measurement Tests and Methods
Authors: Karetsos George , Chandrinos Aristeidis 
Published: October 2021

Contrast is a measure of the amount of lightness or darkness an object has in relationship to its background. Usually, it is described as Contrast Sensitivity (CS), which actually is the inverse of the contrast threshold. More often than not, stimulus set includes grating patterns of various sizes that are presented in a stationary manner or are dynamically presented by reversing the contrast at different rates.
A variety of tests were developed, in order to asses and evaluate contrast sensitivity, in many different ways. A classical method, to check for contrast sensitivity, is the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart.
The Bailey-Lovie contrast sensitivity chart is another letter chart that deals with differences in the number of letters read on the high and low contrast charts, with a main drawback, the necessity to follow the size of the letters.
The Functional Acuity Contrast Test is designed to identify vision loss from a variety of disorders, many of which are not detected by high or low contrast Snellen Acuity tests. The MARS Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test shows good agreement with the Pelli-Robson test and possibly it may be the alternative to the Pelli-Robson chart, in clinical practice and research.
Versatile Titanates: Classification, Property, Preparation, and Sustainable Energy Catalysis
Authors: Wang Chunyang , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal warming, energy deficiency, and environmental deterioration triggered by burning fossil fuels, may severely impair economic development and human life and health. Green solar power, mechanical energy, and temperature fluctuation heat energy abound in nature and are readily accessible. Thanks to various appealing characteristics, titanates are universally employed to harvest these sustainable energy sources to produce renewable fuels through photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and pyrocatalysis, alleviating above serious issues. In this review, the research progress in energy catalysis driven by solar light, mechanical stress, and temperature fluctuation over titanates is comprehensively described. It starts with the classification and introduction of diverse titanates. Next, the main methods for preparing titanates are introduced. Highlighted are titanates acting as cocatalysts, photocatalysts, piezocatalysts, and pyrocatalysts to participate in water splitting reaction for H2 evolution and atmospheric CO2 reduction conversion into CO or hydrocarbons. In particular, the material modification strategies for improving photocatalytic performance are discussed. Finally, the rosy prospects of the future development of energy catalysis application for titanates are looked into.
Tunable 3D Hydrogel Microchannel Networks to Study Confined Mammalian Cell Migration
Authors: Siemsen Katharina , Rajput Sunil , Rasch Florian , Taheri Fereydoon , Adelung Rainer , Lammerding Jan , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCells adapt and move due to chemical, physical, and mechanical cues from their microenvironment. It is therefore important to create materials that mimic human tissue physiology by surface chemistry, architecture, and dimensionality to control cells in biomedical settings. The impact of the environmental architecture is particularly relevant in the context of cancer cell metastasis, where cells migrate through small constrictions in their microenvironment to invade surrounding tissues. Here, a synthetic hydrogel scaffold with an interconnected, random, 3D microchannel network is presented that is functionalized with collagen to promote cell adhesion. It is shown that cancer cells can invade such scaffolds within days, and both the microarchitecture and stiffness of the hydrogel modulate cell invasion and nuclear dynamics of the cells. Specifically, it is found that cell migration through the microchannels is a function of hydrogel stiffness. In addition to this, it is shown that the hydrogel stiffness and confinement, influence the occurrence of nuclear envelope ruptures of cells. The tunable hydrogel microarchitecture and stiffness thus provide a novel tool to investigate cancer cell invasion as a function of the 3D microenvironment. Furthermore, the material provides a promising strategy to control cell positioning, migration, and cellular function in biological applications, such as tissue engineering.
Strong Rashba‐Dresselhaus Effect in Nonchiral 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites
Authors: Pham Minh T. , Amerling Eric , Ngo Tu Anh , Luong Hoang M. , Hansen Kameron , Pham Huy T. , Vu Tuoc N. , Tran Huan , Whittaker‐Brooks Luisa , Nguyen Tho D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChirality transfer from organic chiral molecules to lead halides is theorized as the origin of the strong Rashba‐Dresselhaus effect causing large circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Here, a concrete empirical evidence is provided that such strong CD and CPL can occur even in nonchiral 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper perovskites (RPPs) (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (where MA = CH3NH3 and BA = CH3(CH2)3NH3). The CD and CPL responses occurring at the excitonic transition of the MHPs are strongest (≈100 mdeg and 4.8%, respectively) when a single lead halide octahedral [PbI6]4− layer is repeatedly stacked between two nonchiral molecules BA+ (n = 1). However, they are rapidly quenched as n increases. It is hypothesized that strong Rashba‐Dresselhaus splitting in the 2D RPPs originates the strong CD and CPL signatures. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the large interlayer distortions in the inorganic layers at the organic/inorganic interface give rise to the strong Rashba‐Dresselhaus splitting. A Rashba‐Dresselhaus field of ≈600 and ≈50 mT for n = 1 and 2, respectively, is estimated by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The studies may have significant impact on designing 2D RPPs with large Rashba‐Dresselhaus effects at room temperature for spintronic applications.
Coding Metasurfaces with Reconfiguration Capabilities Based on Optical Activation of Phase‐Change Materials for Terahertz Beam Manipulations
Authors: Lin Quan‐Wei , Wong Hang , Huitema Laure , Crunteanu Aurelian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltrafast reconfigurable devices with high‐speed responses, high‐resolution capabilities, and ultracompact sizes will be essential for future real‐time terahertz imaging, chemical detection, nondestructive biosensing, and communication systems. Multifunctional terahertz metasurfaces with active, programmable controls have enabled conspicuous functionalities of subwavelength planar devices and components for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves such as beam focusing, polarization modification, generation of exotic EM modes, or multibeam scanning applications. However, active metasurface technologies for EM beam manipulation, capable of dynamical topology change, or induced‐phase reconfiguration are usually requiring various semiconductor‐based controlling elements (e.g., PN diodes and transistors), which are difficult to implement in the high‐frequency spectrum of terahertz waves. In this work, a coding metasurface is introduced integrating patterned GeTe phase‐change materials as command elements, which allows the optical control of terahertz wave propagation. The suggested metasurface design brings plentiful of remarkable functionalities through different coding patterns and is highly effective to control beam tilting, directivity, and splitting of terahertz beams. The proposed concepts of coding metasurfaces integrating optically active phase‐change materials are successfully confirmed by experimental demonstration and can be extended to more complex terahertz systems for imaging, tomography, sensing, and 6G communication applications.
A Versatile Metasurface Enabling Superwettability for Self‐Cleaning and Dynamic Color Response
Authors: Lu Jinlong , Sain Basudeb , Georgi Philip , Protte Maximilian , Bartley Tim , Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces provide applications for a variety of flat elements and devices due to the ability to modulate light with subwavelength structures. The working principle meanwhile gives rise to the crucial problem and challenge to protect the metasurface from dust or clean the unavoidable contaminants during daily usage. Here, taking advantage of the intelligent bioinspired surfaces which exhibit self‐cleaning properties, a versatile dielectric metasurface benefiting from the obtained superhydrophilic or quasi‐superhydrophobic states is shown. The design is realized by embedding the metasurface inside a large area of wettability supporting structures, which is highly efficient in fabrication, and achieves both optical and wettability functionality at the same time. The superhydrophilic state enables an enhanced optical response with water, while the quasi‐superhydrophobic state imparts the fragile antennas an ability to self‐clean dust contamination. Furthermore, the metasurface can be easily switched and repeated between these two wettability or functional states by appropriate treatments in a repeatable way, without degrading the optical performance. The proposed design strategy will bring new opportunities to smart metasurfaces with improved optical performance, versatility, and physical stability.
Hollow Multi‐Shelled V2O5 Microstructures Integrating Multiple Synergistic Resonances for Enhanced Semiconductor SERS
Authors: Ji Wei , Li Linfang , Guan Jing , Mu Ming , Song Wei , Sun Lei , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnhancement of the light‐matter coupling is a promising approach to improve the sensitivity and universality of semiconductor‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, it is demonstrated that hollow multi‐shelled V2O5 microstructure can be utilized as an active substrate to integrate multiple synergistic contributions. The experiments and numerical simulations clearly reveal that the excellent SERS activity originates from the unique double‐shelled hollow structures, which allow multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. This light‐trapping effect provides an efficient resonance absorption for charge‐transfer (CT) and exciton enhancements. More importantly, the coupling of outer and inner shells remarkably generates high electric field contribution for SERS enhancement. Besides, the symmetry analysis of vibrational modes based on density functional theory well explains the origin of the CT coupling of Herzberg–Teller selection rules. The synergy of all factors contributes to a significant increase in the sensitivity and universality of semiconductor SERS. It is anticipated that the strategy demonstrated in this study will widen the scope of currently available methodologies for designing substrates with high semiconductor SERS activity.