bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of oral antidiabetic drug prescribing patterns based on the body mass index for Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and yearly changes in diabetologists' prescribing patterns from 2002 to 2019 (JDDM61)
Authors: Yagi Noriharu , Komiya Ichiro , Arai Keiko , Oishi Mariko , Fukumoto Yoshihide , Shirabe Shinichirou , Yokoyama Hiroki , Yamazaki Katsuya , Sugimoto Hidekatsu , Maegawa Hiroshi ,   Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study Group (JDDM study group),
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by a relative imbalance between insulin secretion and sensitivity related to the body mass index (BMI). Seven categories of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are available in Japan. It is important to assess the OAD utilization patterns based on patients’ BMI levels.Materials and methodsOAD prescribing patterns from 2002 to 2019 were analyzed using the data collected in the computerized diabetes care database provided by the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study Group; OAD utilization patterns in 25,751 OAD‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients registered in 2019 were analyzed after classifying them into five categories of BMI.ResultsComparing OAD usage between 2002 and 2019, sulfonylureas decreased from 44.5 to 23.2%, and biguanides (BGs) increased from 19.3 to 50.3%. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4is) increased to 56.9% in 2019. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) increased to 23.6% in 2019. About 90% of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had BMI < 30 kg/m2. DPP4is were the most used OADs in 2019. When BMI exceeded 30 kg/m2, use of BGs and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors increased, and use of sulfonylureas and DPP4is decreased. Although DPP4is were the most used OADs for patients with BMI <30 kg/m2, they were the third most prescribed OADs for patients with BMI >35 kg/m2 after BGs and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors .ConclusionsDPP4i usage was as high as that of BG in the analysis of Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with relatively low BMI. This was considered to be a treatment option appropriate for the pathophysiology in Japanese patients.
The experiences of cooperation among healthcare workers who participated in COVID‐19 aid mission in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Anni , Liu Lei , Zhu Jianguo , Chen Xue , Tang Siyuan , Bai Xiaoling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assist future offsite planning for pandemics, we documented lived experiences of cooperation among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic poses a global health crisis. Most recent studies on the COVID‐19 focus on frontline HCWs' physio‐psychological experiences, with few studies examining their experiences of cooperation.DesignA descriptive phenomenological design reported based on COREQ checklist.Methods25 HCWs (17 nurses and eight physicians) were interviewed, selected through convenience and purposive sampling, who participated in a medical aid mission in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected via semi‐structured online video interviews, and the transcripts were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.ResultsThe HCWs experienced stressed and anxious, but rated their overall cooperation experience as positive. We categorised the reported experiences in five themes: (1) a multi‐level management structure; (2) nurse managers as internal and external team coordinators; (3) high morale and a mutual supportive context; (4) a continuous streamlined workflow; and (5) the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in care. Reasonable management structure and division of work were the basis for successful aid mission. High morale and a mutual supportive context were foundational for growth and stress mitigation. The HCWs continuously streamlined workflow through communication and met patients' individual need through multidisciplinary collaboration.ConclusionsPlanning for a pandemic aid mission is challenging, given the unpredictable nature of the working circumstances. Our results underline the importance of supportive strategies for COVID‐19 aid mission.Relevance to clinical practiceRecommendations for future pandemic planning: (1) positive morale and supportive working text should be paid prioritised attention; (2) sufficient experienced and ancillary staff should be recruited; (3) multiple communication channels such as regular handover meetings, online chat applications and electronic recording devices are essential, and (4) multidisciplinary cooperation are is necessary in COVID‐19 wards.
Prediction of H3K27M mutation status of diffuse midline gliomas using MRI features
Authors: Chauhan Richa Singh , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Kathrani Nihar , Kotwal Abhishek , Bhat Maya Dattatraya , Saini Jitender , Prasad Chandrajit , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Santosh Vani , Uppar Alok Mohan , Srinivas Dwarakanath 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposePresurgical prediction of H3K27M mutation in diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) on MRI is desirable. The purpose of this study is to elaborate conventional MRI (cMRI) features of H3K27M‐mutant DMGs and identify features that could discriminate them from wild‐type (WT) DMGs.MethodsCMRI features of 123 patients with DMG were evaluated conforming to the institutional research protocols. Multimodality MRI was performed on 1.5 or 3.0 Tesla MR Scanners with imaging protocol, including T1‐weighted (w), T2w, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion‐weighted, susceptibility‐weighted, and postcontrast T1w sequences. Pertinent cMRI features were annotated along the lines of Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images features, and Intra Tumoral Susceptibility Signal score (ITSS) was evaluated. R software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsSixty‐one DMGs were H3K27M‐mutant (mutant DMGs). The patients in the H3K27M‐mutant DMG group were younger compared to the WT‐DMG group (mean age 24.13 ± 13.13 years vs. 35.79±18.74 years) (p = 0.016). The two groups differed on five cMRI features––(1) enhancement quality (p = 0.032), (2) thickness of enhancing margin (p = 0.05), (3) proportion of edema (p = 0.002), (4) definition of noncontrast‐enhancing tumor (NCET) margin (p = 0.001), and (5) cortical invasion (p = 0.037). The mutant DMGs showed greater enhancement and greater thickness of enhancing margin, while the WT DMGs exhibited significantly larger edema proportion with poorly defined NCET margins and cortical invasion. ITSS was not significantly different among the groups.ConclusionCMRI features like enhancement quality, the thickness of the enhancing margin, proportion of edema, definition of NCET margin, and cortical invasion can discriminate between the H3K27M‐mutant and WT DMGs.
Chicago Classification update (version 4.0): Technical review on diagnostic criteria for achalasia
Authors: Khan Abraham , Yadlapati Rena , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Katzka David A. , Park Moo In , Vaezi Michael , Vela Marcelo , Pandolfino John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recommended diagnostic criteria for achalasia have been recently updated by Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0), the widely accepted classification scheme for esophageal motility disorders using metrics from high‐resolution manometry (HRM). CCv4.0 continued upon prior versions by subtyping achalasia into type I, type II, and type III on HRM. The achalasia subgroup of the CCv4.0 Working Group developed both conclusive and inconclusive statements for the HRM diagnoses of achalasia subtypes. Conclusive achalasia on HRM is defined as an abnormal median integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) in the primary position of wet swallows along with 100% failed peristalsis, with type I achalasia having 100% failed peristalsis without panesophageal pressurization (PEP), type II achalasia with PEP in at least 20% of swallows, and type III achalasia having at least 20% of swallows premature with no appreciable peristalsis. An inconclusive HRM diagnosis of achalasia can arise when there is an integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) that is borderline or at the upper limit of normal in at least one position, there is an abnormal IRP in both positions but evidence of peristalsis with PEP or premature swallows, or there is peristalsis in the secondary position after apparent achalasia in the primary position. In patients with dysphagia and an inconclusive HRM diagnosis of achalasia, supportive testing beyond HRM such as a timed barium esophagram (TBE) for functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) is recommended. The review recommends a diagnostic algorithm for achalasia, discusses therapeutic options for the disease, and outlines future needs on this topic.
Recently photoassimilated carbon and fungus‐delivered nitrogen are spatially correlated in the ectomycorrhizal tissue of Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Mayerhofer Werner , Schintlmeister Arno , Dietrich Marlies , Gorka Stefan , Wiesenbauer Julia , Martin Victoria , Gabriel Raphael , Reipert Siegfried , Weidinger Marieluise , Clode Peta , Wagner Michael , Woebken Dagmar , Richter Andreas , Kaiser Christina 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Ectomycorrhizal plants trade plant‐assimilated carbon for soil nutrients with their fungal partners. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. Here we investigate the exchange of carbon for nitrogen in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Fagus sylvatica across different spatial scales from the root system to the cellular level.

We provided 15N‐labelled nitrogen to mycorrhizal hyphae associated with one half of the root system of young beech trees, while exposing plants to a 13CO2 atmosphere. We analysed the short‐term distribution of 13C and 15N in the root system with isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry, and at the cellular scale within a mycorrhizal root tip with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS).

At the root system scale, plants did not allocate more 13C to root parts that received more 15N. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging, however, revealed a highly heterogenous, and spatially significantly correlated distribution of 13C and 15N at the cellular scale.

Our results indicate that, on a coarse scale, plants do not allocate a larger proportion of photoassimilated C to root parts associated with N‐delivering ectomycorrhizal fungi. Within the ectomycorrhizal tissue, however, recently plant‐assimilated C and fungus‐delivered N were spatially strongly coupled. Here, NanoSIMS visualisation provides an initial insight into the regulation of ectomycorrhizal C and N exchange at the microscale.
Integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the submandibular glands of DIO mice
Authors: Liu Hui‐Min , Liu Li‐Mei , Zhang Yan , Cong Xin , Wu Li‐Ling , Xiang Ruo‐Lan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveObesity contributes to the dysfunction of salivary gland. To explore the specific underlying mechanism for obesity‐induced hyposalivation, a model for high‐fat diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice were constructed to analyze long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles.MethodsThe DIO group and control group were fed a diet containing 60 kcal% fat and a normal chow diet for 16 weeks respectively. Microarray analyses were performed to detect the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in submandibular gland tissues from control group mice and DIO mice. Gene ontology, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, protein–protein interaction, coding‐non‐coding gene co‐expression, transcription factors and competing endogenous RNA analyses were performed to examine the function of differentially expressed genes.ResultsMicroarray analyses identified that 624 lncRNAs, along with 297 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that “complement and coagulation cascades,” “glutathione metabolism,” “cysteine and methionine metabolism,” and “estrogen signaling pathway” were significantly associated with candidate lncRNAs. Transcription factors analysis on candidate lncRNAs revealed several genes such as tribbles pseudokinase 3 may play regulatory roles.ConclusionsOur results revealed the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs and provided new insights into the mechanism of obesity‐induced hyposalivation using bioinformatic analyses.
An approach to detecting quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with salinity tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: Asif Muhammad A. , Paull Jeffrey G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFaba bean is one of the most important high protein cool‐season grain legumes, but it is sensitive to salinity stress. Improved salt tolerance of faba bean is needed to increase its yield and area of production. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from the bi‐parental cross of 'Icarus' × 'Ascot', was phenotyped under control and saline treatments. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this population detected multiple QTL for leaf ionic concentration (Na+, K+ and Cl−) under both treatments. Of these, seven QTL were detected under salt treatment, including three for leaf K+:Na+ (qK:Na‐S‐1, qK:Na‐S‐2 and qK:Na‐S‐3) and one each for Na+ accumulation (qNa‐S), K+ accumulation (qK‐S), Cl− accumulation (qCl‐S) and Na+:K+ (qNa:K‐S). An important region was identified on linkage group I.A/III/V, which contained three co‐located QTL (qNa‐S, qCl‐S and qK:Na‐S‐3) for leaf Na+, Cl− and K+:Na+ accumulation. Potential candidate genes within these QTL intervals were shortlisted using the Medicago truncatula genome. These findings are expected to facilitate the breeding of new salt tolerant faba bean cultivars.
In and out of revolving doors in European Union financial regulatory authorities
Authors: Chalmers Adam William , Klingler‐Vidra Robyn , Puglisi Alfio , Remke Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the idea of revolving doors evokes the dynamic image of moving in and out of public and private sector jobs, most scholars take a static view of the revolving door phenomenon, looking mainly at entrances, sometimes at exits, but almost never at both. This is a serious oversight given that normative concerns about revolving doors turn mainly on assumptions about how individuals become socialized through their multiple interactions working on both sides of the revolving door. Our study seeks to revive a bidirectional picture of revolving doors. To this end, we use financial regulatory politics in the European Union (EU) as our case and a unique dataset of nearly 200 regulators from three EU financial regulatory bodies as of 2018. We first describe the extent to which these multiple movements are happening and, second, we explain differences between those who make zero revolving door movements and those who make multiple movements. Our central argument is that previous job experience in the regulated industry (finance) generates valuable expertise and network ties that in turn lead to more movements. Experience in industries outside of finance, however, diminishes this expertise and loosens network ties and hence leads to fewer movements. Our results support these arguments. We also find those making multiple movements are not in the business of finance (traders or those leading sales or marketing teams) but instead have careers on both sides of the revolving doors focused on law, policy, and government affairs.
Analysing Cause-Specific Mortality Trends using Compositional Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Stefanucci Marco , Mazzuco Stefano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the dynamics of cause-specific mortality rates among countries by considering them as compositions of functions. We develop a novel framework for such data structure, with particular attention to functional PCA. The application of this method to a subset of the WHO mortality database reveals the main modes of variation of cause-specific rates over years for men and women and enables us to perform clustering in the projected subspace. The results give many insights of the ongoing trends, only partially explained by past literature, that the considered countries are undergoing. We are also able to show the different evolution of cause of death undergone by men and women: for example, we can see that while lung cancer incidence is stabilizing for men, it is still increasing for women.
The US COVID Atlas: A dynamic cyberinfrastructure surveillance system for interactive exploration of the pandemic
Authors: Kolak Marynia , Li Xun , Lin Qinyun , Wang Ryan , Menghaney Moksha , Yang Stephanie , Anguiano Vidal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDistributed spatial infrastructures leveraging cloud computing technologies can tackle issues of disparate data sources and address the need for data‐driven knowledge discovery and more sophisticated spatial analysis central to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We implement a new, open source spatial middleware component (libgeoda) and system design to scale development quickly to effectively meet the need for surveilling county‐level metrics in a rapidly changing pandemic landscape. We incorporate, wrangle, and analyze multiple data streams from volunteered and crowdsourced environments to leverage multiple data perspectives. We integrate explorative spatial data analysis (ESDA) and statistical hotspot standards to detect infectious disease clusters in real time, building on decades of research in GIScience and spatial statistics. We scale the computational infrastructure to provide equitable access to data and insights across the entire USA, demanding a basic but high‐quality standard of ESDA techniques. Finally, we engage a research coalition and incorporate principles of user‐centered design to ground the direction and design of Atlas application development.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials testing the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Evidence‐base for practise and implications for research
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Kannan Sadhana , Kalra Babusha , Thakkar Prafulla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite scientific advances, there is no effective medical therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID‐19.MethodsThis review was carried out in accordance with Cochrane methodology including risk of bias assessment and grading of the quality of evidence. Only prospective clinical trials randomly assigning COVID‐19 patients to convalescent plasma plus standard of care therapy (test arm) versus placebo/standard of care (control arm) were included. Two reviewers independently read each preprint/publication and extracted relevant data from individual studies. Data were pooled using the random‐effects model and expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 13 206 patients from 12 randomised controlled trials were included. There was no significant difference in clinical improvement rate (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98–1.02, p = 0.96) or time to clinical improvement (median difference of 1.08 days with 95% CI ranging from −0.15 to +2.30 days) between convalescent plasma versus placebo/standard of care therapy. The use of convalescent plasma was not associated with significantly reduced risk of death (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65–1.02, p = 0.08). Reassuringly, overall incidence of infusion‐related serious adverse events was low (3.25%) and not significantly different (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.93–1.40, p = 0.22) for convalescent plasma transfusion compared to placebo/standard of care therapy.ConclusionsThere is low to moderate certainty evidence that the addition of convalescent plasma to current standard of care therapy is generally safe but, does not result in any significant clinical benefit or reduction of mortality in COVID‐19.
Development and Application of an Internal Heat Transfer Measurement Technique for Cooled Real Engine Components
Authors: Ali Asif , Cocchi Lorenzo , Picchi Alessio , Facchini Bruno , Cubeda Simone 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to present the development and application of a measurement technique that allows to record internal heat transfer features of real components. In order to apply this method, based on similar approaches proposed in previous literature works, the component is initially heated up to a steady temperature, then a thermal transient is induced by injecting cool air in the internal cooling system. During this process, the external temperature evolution is recorded by means of an infrared (IR) camera. Experimental data are then exploited to run a numerical procedure, based on a series of transient finite element analyses of the component. In particular, the test duration is divided into an appropriate number of steps and, for each of them, the heat flux on internal surfaces is iteratively updated as to target the measured external temperature distribution. Heat flux and internal temperature data for all the time steps are eventually employed in order to evaluate the convective heat transfer coefficient via linear regression. This technique has been successfully tested on a cooled high-pressure vane of a Baker Hughes heavy-duty gas turbine, which was realized thanks to the development of a dedicated test rig at the University of Florence, Italy. The obtained results provide sufficiently detailed heat transfer distributions in addition to allowing to appreciate the effect of different coolant mass flow rates. The methodology is also capable of identifying defects, which is demonstrated by inducing controlled faults in the component.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of 3D Micro-Corrugated Wing in Gliding Flight
Authors: Chitsaz Nasim , Siddiqui Kamran , Marian Romeo , Chahl Javaan S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed on a three-dimensional model of a Libellulidae wing to determine aerodynamic performance in gliding flight. The wing is comprised of various corrugated features alongside the spanwise and chordwise directions, as well as twist. The detailed features of real 3D dragonfly wing models, including all the corrugations through both span and chord, have not been considered in the past for a detailed aerodynamic analysis. The simulations were conducted by solving the Navier-Stokes equations to demonstrate gliding performance over a range of angles of attack at low Reynolds numbers. The numerical model was validated against experimental data obtained from a fabricated corrugated wing model using particle image velocimetry. The numerical results demonstrate that bio-inspired wings with corrugations compared to flat profile wings generate more lift with lower drag, trapping the vortices in the valleys of wing corrugation leading to delayed flow separation and delayed stall. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the methodology presented in this study can be used to measure bio-inspired 3D wing flow characteristics, including the influence of complex corrugations on aerodynamic performance. These findings contribute to the advancement of knowledge required for designing an optimized bioinspired micro air vehicle.