bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations between lung pneumonic lesions and serologic status for key respiratory pathogens in slaughtered pigs in northern Uganda
Authors: Oba Peter , Dione Michel M. , Wieland Barbara , Mwiine Frank N. , Erume Joseph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA cross-sectional study of slaughtered pigs was conducted in Lira district, Uganda, to (1) determine the prevalence and severity of pneumonia and (2) establish relationships between pneumonia types and the serological status for key respiratory pathogens. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), sera were screened for antibodies againstMycoplasma hyopneumoniae(M. hyo),Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(App), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Postmortem, lungs were grossly scored for pneumonia types and pneumonic lesions. Pneumonia types were characterized as catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia (CPBP), pleuropneumonia (PLP) and pleuritis. The percent of lung surface affected by pneumonia was determined by estimating the affected surface area of each lung lobe. Each lobe was assigned scores based on the approximate volume represented and the total percentage of lung surface affected obtained as a sum of individual lobe scores.Metastrongylus spp.helminth infection was determined by examining lungs for gross presence or absence. RStudio was used for data analysis and presentation. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare median pneumonia lesion scores and serostatus for each studied pathogen. An ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to evaluate the odds of multiple pneumonia, with pathogen serostatus andMetastrongylus spp.infection as predictors.ResultsOne hundred sixty-seven (n = 167) lungs were examined for pneumonic lesions. The prevalences of CPBP, PLP and pleuritis were 29.9% (95% CI 22.9–36.9), 74.2% (95% CI 67.5–80.9) and 17.3% (95% CI 22.4–36.3), respectively. The true prevalence of PCV2 was 9.7% (95% CI 4.5–16.8), that of PRRSv was 7.5% (95% CI 2.7–14.2), that ofM. hyowas 11.5% (95% CI 7.2–18.0), that ofAppwas 25.1% (95% CI 18.5–38.0), and that ofMetastrongylus spp.was 29.3% (95% CI 22.9–36.6). The odds of multiple pneumonia forms increased in pigs with multiple pathogens (ORs 2.6,p = 0.01) andMetastrongylus spp.infestation (OR 2.5,p = 0.003), suggesting synergistic effects of coinfections in the induction of lesions.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence and severity of pneumonic lesions in slaughtered pigs. It provides baseline information and evidence for the magnitude of pneumonia associated with the studied pathogens and justifies future studies on their potential economic impacts on Ugandan pigs.
Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand
Authors: Murzakulova Asel , Dessalegn Mengistu , Phalkey Neelambari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the context of global migration. From a migration perspective, the pandemic is a source of insecurities that challenge migrants, their livelihoods and migration governance. Meanwhile, curtailment in movement has led to economic decline affecting labour markets. For migrant origin and hosting countries, this poses multidimensional development challenges. Analysis from March to August 2020 of China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand highlights the varying ways in which they are all severely affected by the disruptions in migration, suggesting a potentially emerging complex situation in migration patterns and pathways. The disruptions in migration and remittances have had a profound impact on migrants and migrant-sending households. The uncertainty of migration returning to pre-pandemic levels and the potential of lasting consequences on migrants and migration patterns and pathways, suggests a future of greater risk and exploitation, and a wider gap between formal and informal migration. This paper calls for greater mobility cooperation between countries and suggests strengthening mobility migration frameworks and policies for safer migration and for the rights of migrants.
The voices of lived experience: reflections from citizen team members in a long-term care research program
Authors: Mann Jim , Bishop Roberta , Bond Graham , Forbes Faye , Kieloch Barbara , Thelker Christine , Chamberlain Stephanie A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Translating Research in Elder Care (TREC) program is a partnered health services research team that aims to improve the quality of care and quality of life for residents and quality of worklife for staff in nursing homes. The TREC team undertook several activities to enhance the collaboration between the academic researchers and us, the citizen members. Known as VOICES (Voice Of (potential) Incoming residents, Caregivers Educating uS) we aim to share our experience working with a large research team.

Methods
We reflect on the findings reported in the paper by Chamberlain et al. (2021). They described the findings from two surveys (May 2018, July 2019) that were completed by TREC team members (researchers, trainees, staff, decision-makers, citizens). The survey questions asked about the respondents’ experience with citizen engagement, their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of citizen engagement, and their unmet needs for training.

Results
The paper reported on the survey findings from all the survey respondents (research team, decision-makers, citizens), but much of the results focused on the researcher perspective. They reported that respondents believed that citizen engagement was a benefit to their research but noted many challenges. While we appreciate the researchers’ positive perceptions of citizen engagement, much work remains to fully integrate us into all stages of the research. We offer our reflections and suggestions for how to work with citizen members and identify areas for more training and support.

Conclusions
Despite the increased interest in citizen engagement, we feel there is a lack of understanding and support to truly integrate non-academic team members on research teams. We hope the discussion in this commentary identifies specific areas that need to be addressed to support the continued engagement of citizens and show how the lived experience can bring value to research teams.
Quantification of macular perfusion in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Ghassemi Fariba , Hatami Vahid , Salari Farhad , Bazvand Fatemeh , Shamouli Hadi , Mohebbi Masoumeh , Sabour Siamak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed at defining the variance of vessel density (VD) characteristics in the macula of children with normal eyes.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study in which subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed.

Results
A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), respectively, the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.30 mm2. No significant differences between superior-hemi VD and inferior-hemi VD were found in the studied plexuses. The VD at parafovea and perifovea CC differed significantly between groups. There was no variation in VD of macular retina and CC between eyes or sex. FAZ areas were different between genders.

Conclusions
No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. Even though this is not a longitudinal study, it may provide us with hints about macular vascular development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.
Biological control of Golovinomyces cichoracearum, the causal pathogen of sunflower powdery mildew
Authors: Esawy Adel Ateyh , Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed , Omara Reda Ibrahim , Khalifa Mamdouh Abdel Fattah , Fadel Fawzya Mohamed , El-Naggar Magdy Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Powdery mildew was found in most of the sunflower fields in Egypt, causing severe yellowing of the blade, petiole, stem and calyx, as well as a considerable defoliation during the summer season of 2018. Out of the fungal mycelium from infected leaves, collected from sunflower fields in the four Egyptian Governorates (Kafr El-Sheikh, Gharbia, Giza and El-Beheira), five isolates of powdery mildew pathogen were obtained and identified using morphological and molecular identification methods.

Results
In 2019 and 2020 seasons, five biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and T. koningii) were used to control powdery mildew disease on sunflower plants under field conditions compared with the fungicide (Vectra 10% SC). Treatments were significantly effective for controlling the powdery mildew disease relative to the control. The best treatment for reducing disease parameters (final disease severity (FDS%), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and efficacy) than the control was T. koningii. Foliar application of all the tested treatments improved plant height, head and stem diameters and seed yield in relation to untreated plants (control). The components (FDS%, AUDPC and efficacy) were extracted and described approximately 95.251% of the pooled data of seasons 2019 and 2020. In such pooled data, the principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) of all disease parameters, plant development parameters and yield components were recorded 76.305, 86.635 and 96.265% of the total variance, respectively.

Conclusion
A biological control agent, such as T. koningii, can be suggested for disease control based on the experimental findings.
Successful treatment of thromboses of major arteries after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination
Authors: Goereci Yasemin , Kleineberg Nina N. , Madlener Marie , Neuschmelting Hannah , Fink Gereon R. , Warnke Clemens , Stetefeld Henning 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine to prevent contracting Covid-19 caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) primarily leading to venous thromboses. Here, we report two cases of major arterial occlusions after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination, comprising a 42-year-old woman with thrombotic occlusion of the left carotid artery, and a 62-year-old man with occlusion of distal aorta and iliac arteries. Both were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and non-heparin anticoagulant agents leading to a beneficial short-term outcome of 6 weeks in case 1 and four months in case 2.
Influence of bacteria on the maintenance of a yeast during Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis
Authors: Guilhot Robin , Rombaut Antoine , Xuéreb Anne , Howell Kate , Fellous Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInteractions between microorganisms associated with metazoan hosts are emerging as key features of symbiotic systems. Little is known about the role of such interactions on the maintenance of host-microorganism association throughout the host’s life cycle. We studied the influence of extracellular bacteria on the maintenance of a wild isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through metamorphosis of the fly Drosophila melanogaster reared in fruit. Yeasts maintained through metamorphosis only when larvae were associated with extracellular bacteria isolated from D. melanogaster faeces. One of these isolates, an Enterobacteriaceae, favoured yeast maintenance during metamorphosis. Such bacterial influence on host-yeast association may have consequences for the ecology and evolution of insect-yeast-bacteria symbioses in the wild.
Surgery-related predictors of kneeling ability following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nadeem Shaheer , Mundi Raman , Chaudhry Harman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Kneeling ability is among the poorest outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to: (1) quantify kneeling ability after TKA; (2) identify surgical approaches and prosthesis designs that improve kneeling ability following TKA; and (3) quantify the effectiveness of these approaches.

Methods
We performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines of multiple medical databases. Data relating to demographics, TKA technique, prosthesis design, and kneeling-specific outcomes were extracted. Comparative outcomes data were pooled using a random effects model.

Results
Thirty-six studies met the eligibility criteria. The proportion of patients able to kneel increased with longer follow-up (36.8% at a minimum of 1 year follow-up versus 47.6% after a minimum of 3 years follow-up, p < 0.001). The odds of kneeling were greater for patients undergoing an anterolateral incision compared with an anteromedial incision (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–6.9, p = 0.02); a transverse incision compared with a longitudinal incision (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4–8.7, p = 0.008); and a shorter incision compared with a longer incision (OR 8.5, 95% CI 2.3–30.9, p = 0.001). The odds of kneeling were worse for a mobile prosthesis compared with a fixed platform design (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
A large majority of patients are unable to kneel following TKA, although the ability to kneel improves over time. This evidence may facilitate preoperative patient counseling. Variations in choice of incision location and length may affect ability to kneel; however, high-quality randomized trials are needed to corroborate our findings.
Overexpression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 as a diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ghalib Ibrahim Alnajar Sajjad , Rajabi Ali , Maydanchi Melika , Tayefeh Gholami Samaneh , Saber Ali , Safaralizadeh Reza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in lung tumorigenesis. Among different lncRNAs, overexpression of the lncRNA actin filament‐associated protein 1‐antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) in lung tumors has been reported in different studies. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the potential value of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 as a diagnostic biomarker in lung cancer. Ninety samples from patients with lung cancer were collected from Noor-E-Nejat hospital, Tabriz, Iran. The expression of AFAP1-AS1 was assessed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR), followed by the ROC curve analysis to investigate the biomarker potency of AFAP1-AS1.

Results
Our results revealed an upregulation of AFAP1-AS1 in tumor samples as compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues. We found a significant positive association between AFAP1-AS1 expression and tumor size, as well as tumor stage.

Conclusions
Our results showed overexpression of AFAP1-AS1 and its capacity as a diagnostic biomarker in lung cancer.
The relationship between stress, trait emotional intelligence and mental health amongst Gaza’s basic-year medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: El-Khodary Basel , Alshawamreh Siham , Salah Mariam Abu , Hamada Amro , Alhendawi Baraa , Alhabil Mohammed , Alemour Younis , Zaqout Hadil , Wadi Ezz Aldeen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
This study investigates the relationship between exposure to stress, trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and mental health problems (anxiety and depression symptoms) amongst basic-year medical students during COVID-19. The sample consists of 379 basic-year medical students. Off them, 160 (42.4%) were male and 218 (57.5%) were female. The following measures were used in the study: The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Short Form (TEIQue-ASF), The anxiety symptoms scale and the depression scale.

Results
The majority of students reported high to severe level ARS and mild to moderate DRS. Female students showed higher levels of ARS, TLRS, SRS, GARS and anxiety symptoms compared to male ones. Moreover, students with higher levels of academic performance reported lower levels of ARS and DRS, higher levels of trait EI and lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. In addition, trait EI has a significant negative association with anxiety and depression symptoms and stress domains (ARS, IRS, TLRS, SRS, DRS, GARS) and total stress. Finally, stress domains are positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusion
Basic-year medical students in the Gaza Strip are exposed to stressful events which aggravate the effect of exposure and cause higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms.
COVID-19 neurological manifestations: correlation of cerebral MRI imaging and lung imaging—Observational study
Authors: Saleh Rasha Aly , Shaban Ekhlas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
During the current pandemic, there is an increased incidence of neurologic/neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Neurologic manifestations may be coincident or result of disease and its therapy. In the emergency department, orientation of the clinician with this issue is crucial for accurate decision making to limit the spread of infection during neurologic treatment. This study aimed to be familiar with MRI findings in patients with Neuro-COVID. Seventy patients presented with neurologic/neuropsychiatric manifestation either post COVID or during hospitalization underwent cerebral MRI from April 2020 to June 2021 (39 men and 31women; mean age 43.27, age range from 16 to 69 years).

Results
Headache (80%), is the most prevalent neurological manifestations followed by smell and taste impairment (62.9%) and stroke symptoms (45.7%). Low mood and anxiety (17.1%), prolonged fatigue (14.3%) and depression (7.1%) are the most common psychiatric symptoms. Infarctions, hematoma and demyelinating disease are the most prevalent findings. There is a week positive correlation between MRI findings and CT chest finding but without statistical significance (P-value 0.2).

Conclusions
Cerebrovascular disease and demyelinating lesions are common manifestations of COVID 19. Familiarity of neurologists and radiologist in the emergency department and in-patient with this issue is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and the spread of infection.
Prevalence of different breast lesions in women of southern Punjab, Pakistan, characterized on high-resolution ultrasound and mammography
Authors: Mukhtar Rubina , Hussain Mukhtar , Mukhtar M. Ahmad , Haider Syed Raza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to characterize the breast lesions on high-resolution Ultrasound and digital mammography to find the patterns and prevalence of different breast lesions in different age groups of our population.ResultsThis prospective study was conducted at a breast care clinic of a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019. Patients with breast-related complaints were enrolled. Patients under the 35 years of age were evaluated on High-Resolution Ultrasound (HR-USG) and those over 35 years of age on digital Mammography. Any lesion on digital mammography was characterized on HR-USG. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNAC) and Trucut biopsy was done where pathological correlation required. Data of all enrolled patients were recorded and analyzed. Patients with known cases of carcinoma breast on follow-up were excluded from the study. Total 6850 patients enrolled in our breast care clinic during study period. 5111 were above the age of 35 years while 1739 were under the age of 35 years. No lesion could be found in 3915 patients and were reported normal. 2935 patients were found to have different breast lesions. The frequency of different lesions was different in both age groups. The overall frequency of lesions was as malignancy 16.2%, benign lesions including Fibroadenoma, simple cysts, Lipoma and Galactocele 16%, inflammatory lesions including abscess 7.86% and Duct Ectasia 2.75%.ConclusionsIn developing countries where mass screening programs are deficient, Breast Care clinics in tertiary care hospitals have a noteworthy role in early detection of breast cancer and other breast lesions.
Isolated vascularized gastric tube biliary enteric drainage: a paediatric case series experience
Authors: Harilal Shamaman , Mangray Hansraj , Madziba Sanele , Ghimenton Fernando 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the enormous surgical advancements in the last century, access to the biliary system is lost when a Roux-en-Y (RY) biliary drainage procedure is performed. Attempts have been made to overcome this inconvenient sequel using variations in the RY anastomosis, small bowel grafts and vascular grafts. These have been predominantly unsuccessful. An isolated vascularized gastric tube (IVGT) graft has been reported in the literature, which was successfully used for adult patients with common bile duct injuries. We have adopted the technique of using an IVGT graft for bile duct reconstruction in the paediatric patients at our institution. We reviewed our experience at our institution between January 2015 and October 2019. This was a retrospective review of all paediatric patients undergoing an IVGT graft procedure for biliary tract anatomical obstruction in the past 5 years. We looked at the indications for surgery, the demographic profile of the patients and outcomes following surgery and outlined the surgical technique used.

Results
IVGT bile duct reconstruction was performed on eight patients. Patients ranged from 2 months to 7 years, and there was an equal number of males and females. The diagnosis was made on clinical suspicion and confirmed with ultrasound (U/S) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). There was an 87.5% resolution of biliary obstruction, and two patients who had bile leaks postoperatively were managed conservatively. Unfortunately, one patient died in the early postoperative period from sepsis due to pneumonia. Follow-up was for a minimum of 6 months and up to 5 years.

Conclusion
IVGT biliary enteric drainage is a safe, reproducible procedure that allows access to the biliary tree if required in the future. Thus, this procedure serves as an alternative, especially in limited-resource areas where interventional radiology is not available for future interventions.
Do we need a 6D’s Framework of Nutritional Stewardship in critical care?
Authors: Pisani Dafne , Navalesi Paolo , De Rosa Silvia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit had as ultimate goal the achievement of optimal nutritional support for critically ill patients and to illuminate the gaps in knowledge in order to provide priorities for future clinical research. Although malnutrition is a vital part of the treatment of patients with critical illness and injury, nutrition in the critically ill is not one size fits all. Both clinical nutrition guidelines and ICU experts have recognized the need for a new, individualized approach to nutrition. Nutrition stewardship, analog to antimicrobial and fluid stewardship, could be defined as the “ongoing effort by a healthcare institution to optimise artificial nutrition use in order to improve patient outcomes, ensure cost effective therapy and reduce adverse sequelae.” A robust nutrition stewardship program could gain reputation if the concept will spread to various national programs and regulatory guidelines released in the recent past.