bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal morphometric analyses of Pila globosa in India for its use in aquaculture and food industry
Authors: Panda Falguni , Pati Samar Gourav , Bal Abhipsa , Mathur Shivangi , Nirmaladevi Ramalingam , Paital Biswaranjan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Although the apple snail Pila globosa is used as indicator species for human consumption locally and as fish feed, research on it in general is very scanty. It is used in food industry, in aquaculture as fish bait and used as food in many regions of India and many other countries, but research on it has been started in the 1970s. Only 40 articles are available on this organism in PubMed indicating an urgent need of basic research on it especially work on its spatiotemporal morphometry Therefore, sampling of P. globosa was done from different parts of India in different seasons (summer, winter and rainy), and different morphometric studies were performed on this organism to draw baseline information. Analysis was conducted to study morphometry, the relationship between shell length and the weight and relative condition factor of Indian apple snail Pila globosa collected from five zones (east, west, north, south and centre) of India during 2018–2019 year.

Results
The shell length (SL) (46.5 ± 13.33), shell width (SW) (40.22±11.5 mm), spire length (SPL) (2.99±0.15 mm), base length (BL) (12.53±2.94 mm), aperture length (AL) (21.95±4.36 mm), aperture width (AW) (2.74±0.47 mm) and shell weight (WT) (31.08±13.76 g) were observed to be varied among the individual sampled across India. Different relationships for SL/SW (Log SW=0.9889 Log SL + 0.9444), SL/SPL (Log SPL = 0.1452 Log SL+0.3815), SL/BL (Log BL=0.7789 Log SL+0.5814), SL/AL (Log AL= 0.6518 Log SL+0.9111) and SL/AW (Log AW=0.4475 Log SL+0.1422) were observed by considering shell length as basic index. The relationship between shell length and shell weight was found to be Log WT=2.0263 Log SL+0.1098. The relative condition factor revealed uninterrupted and good environmental condition observed for apple snails. A negative allometric growth pattern was observed from the length–weight relationship.

Conclusion
The environments of apple snail in India are not contaminated, and the results can be used as baseline data in aquaculture for model analysis and can be used as a reference for drawing relationship among different morphometric indices of P. globosa in India, as there is no such information available on it. The data can also be used for mass scale production of P. globosa for consumption by human and use in aquatic industries as fish feed.
The melittology research in Northern Africa and the Middle East: past and present situations
Authors: Shebl Mohamed A. , Ben Abdelkader Faten , Bendifallah Leila , Benachour Karima , Bataw Ali A. , Bufliga Emsaed M. , Osman Mohamed A. , Kamel Soliman M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMore than 20,000 species in the superfamily Apoidea have been identified worldwide. This superfamily includes the most important group of insect pollinators that contribute to the integrity of ecosystems.Main bodyWe have gathered in this paper data from many previous works in Northern Africa and Middle East regions. Some of these data are date from many years ago and others are recent. We present here a non-exhaustive list of some common Apoid species. In addition, certain previous studies that were published and other current research opportunities were suggested.ConclusionAlthough there are many bee experts in the Arab world, i.e., in apiculture, however, a few researchers are interested in melittology even though it seems that this region represents a large bee diversity.
Embolization for massive bleeding due to spontaneous left external iliac vein rupture: report of a successful case
Authors: Sueyoshi Eijun , Sakamoto Ichiro , Uetani Masataka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein has rarely been reported. Its associated hypovolemic shock-related symptoms and signs, including syncope and hypotension, have been observed in most of these cases. Successful transcatheter venous embolization for massive bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of the external iliac vein was herein reported.

Case presentation
An 82-year-old female patient developed sudden left lower abdominal and back pain. Immediately, she lost consciousness and went into shock. CT images of her abdomen revealed a huge retroperitoneal hematoma, with leakage of contrast medium in the hematoma in the left flank. These findings suggested left external iliac vein rupture.
Open surgery was considered; however, since the patient’s condition may have deteriorated further due to the time needed to prepare for surgery, including general anesthesia, transcatheter venous embolization of the left iliac vein was selected. A 5.2-Fr compliant balloon catheter (nominal diameter of 10 mm) was inflated at the distal site of the external iliac vein to reduce extravasation. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was mixed with Lipiodol at a ratio of 1:2. The left Iliac vein was filled and completely embolized with the NBCA/Lipiodol mixture (total injected volume, 5 mL) using a 1.8-Fr microcatheter. After embolization, the patient quickly. An inferior vena cava filter was placed 1 day after embolization.

Conclusion
Spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein is a very rare and lethal condition. Transcatheter venous embolization may control potentially life-threatening bleeding. Rapid bleeding control in a critical condition is facilitated by this minimally invasive approach.
Fortification performance of polyurethane coating in outdoor historical ironworks
Authors: Reda Y. , Abdelbar M. , El-Shamy A. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIronworks in the tomb of Suleiman Pasha Al-Faransawi (located in the old Cairo, Egypt) were exposed in the open-air are susceptible to various corrosion factors, which be contingent on the environmental conditions wherein the artifacts are displayed and the existence of a protective layer or not. Examinations and analysis were conducted to identify the structure and type of the alloys used in making the decorative ironworks, to identify the manufacturing technique and decoration, and to study the nature of rust compounds. This has been achieved by using metallographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a carbon–sulfur analyzer. Many protection approaches have been worked such as varnishes, waxes, and oils, but they have had many disadvantages. The aim of this paper is to assess the competence of polyurethane coating by using electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization) in the fortification of ironworks exposed in the outdoor environment.ResultsThe results confirmed that the decorative ironworks were manufactured from wrought and gray cast iron. The main corrosion products identified by XRD are goethite, akageneite, and maghemite. Lead oxide hydrate refers to old lead paints (red primer) which have been applied to protect the ironworks. Quartz and calcite are the products of heavy dust particles that covered the surface.ConclusionThe data proved that the polyurethane is acting as a good protective coating for the decorative ironworks exposed in an uncontrolled environment. The 2% is considered as the recommended dose for this polymer for the minimum corrosion rate of the ironworks.
Effect of milk replacer allowance on calf faecal bacterial community profiles and fermentation
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Khan M. Ajmal , Beijer Emma , Liu Jinxin , Lowe Katherine K. , Young Wayne , Mills David A. , Moon Christina D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The nutrition of calves from birth until weaning is predominantly from liquid (milk or milk-based) feeds. Liquid feed allowances are often restricted during artificial rearing to accelerate the development of the rumen by promoting solid feed intake. Liquid feeds bypass the rumen and are digested in the lower digestive tract, however, the influence of different types of milk feeds, and their allowances, on the calf hindgut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, faecal samples from 199 calves raised on three different allowances of milk replacer: 10% of initial bodyweight (LA), 20% of initial bodyweight (HA), and ad libitum (ADLIB), were collected just prior to weaning. Bacterial community structures and fermentation products were analysed, and their relationships with calf growth and health parameters were examined to identify potential interactions between diet, gut microbiota and calf performance.

Results
Differences in the total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were not observed, but higher milk replacer allowances increased the concentrations of branched short-chain fatty acids and decreased acetate to propionate ratios. The bacterial communities were dominated by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides, and the bacterial diversity of the ADLIB diet group was greater than that of the other diet groups. Faecalibacterium was over three times more abundant in the ADLIB compared to the LA group, and its abundance correlated strongly with girth and body weight gains. Milk replacer intake correlated strongly with Peptococcus and Blautia, which also correlated with body weight gain. Bifidobacterium averaged less than 1% abundance, however its levels, and those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, correlated strongly with initial serum protein levels, which are an indicator of colostrum intake and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in early life.

Conclusions
Higher milk replacer intakes in calves increased hindgut bacterial diversity and resulted in bacterial communities and short chain fatty acid profiles associated with greater protein fermentation. Increased abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, were also observed, which may contribute to development and growth. Moreover, correlations between microbial taxa and initial serum protein levels suggest that colostrum intake in the first days of life may influence microbiota composition at pre-weaning.
Awareness and use of family planning methods among women in Northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenezi Ghzl Ghazi , Haridi Hassan Kasim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of awareness and use of family planning methods is important to improve services and policies. This study aimed to assess awareness and use of family planning methods among women in an urban community in the north of Saudi Arabia.A cross-sectional study was carried out in a maternity hospital and 12 primary health care (PHC) centers in Hail City between December 1st, 2019, and May 30, 2020.ResultsFour hundred married sexually active women aged 18–49 years were interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. The mean age of the participant was 32.0±7.5 years, 73.5% were university educated, and 58% were housewives. More than two-thirds of them (67.6%) had ≥3 living children. Most women (85%) ever used, and 66.5% were currently using any method of contraception; however, only one in five who get counseling for the contraceptive method used, and 40% of the last births were unplanned for. Almost all women reported unavailable family planning clinics in their primary healthcare centers. Most participants (83.0%) desired to have >3 children, which indicates that the main purpose of family planning was child spacing rather than limitation. Relying on natural methods as being safer (36.3%), desire to have more children (19%), being afraid from side effects (15.3%), and possibility of difficulty getting pregnant or might cause infertility (13.0%) were reasons the participants viewed for unsung modern contraceptives.ConclusionThis study revealed that most women in urban Hail community, northern Saudi Arabia, were aware about and have a positive attitude towards family planning. The majority of the participants ever used, and two-thirds were currently using any contraceptive method/s, which is higher than the national estimate for Saudi Arabia. However, only one in five counseled by healthcare providers for the type of contraceptive method used. Unavailability of family planning services in primary health care centers impedes getting professional counseling. It is imperious to consider family planning clinics to provide quality family planning services.
Screening for dysphagia in dysphonic patients with non-neoplastic vocal fold lesions by Arabic EAT-10: cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghandour Hassan Hosny , Hadhoud Yara Hany , ElFiky Yomna Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Dysphagia is described as any disruption in the normal swallowing starting from the preparatory transport of a bolus from the oral cavity through both pharynx and esophagus down to the stomach. The purpose of this study is to detect the different symptoms of Dysphagia in dysphonic patients with non-neoplastic vocal fold lesions to consider the potential benefit of swallowing therapy hand in hand with the voice intervention strategies.

Methods
The Arabic Eating Assessment Tool-10 (A-EAT-10) was applied on 50 patients with age ranging from 15 to 50 years diagnosed as being dysphonic secondary to non-neoplastic vocal fold lesions on objective and clinical measures. Patients with a score above three will be considered to have dysphagia.

Results
Application of Arabic EAT-10 on dysphonic patients with minimal associated pathological lesions revealed swallowing difficulties that are not due to their vocal pathological condition. In the current study, 12 patients from the studied sample (24% of the patients) complained of phonasthenic symptoms and these symptoms may be misinterpreted by the patients as dysphagia. Symptoms of comorbid phonasthenia may be misinterpreted by the patients as dysphagia.

Conclusions
Although non-neoplastic vocal fold lesions are not the etiological factor for dysphagia, these group of patients still complains on subjective screening tools like A-EAT-10. The dysphagic symptoms in this group of patients may be related to the comorbid phonasthenia, and treatment of phonasthenia by voice therapy could alleviate these symptoms.
Implementation of a Quality Improvement Project to Increase Access to Dietitian Services for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Safety-Net Hospital System
Authors: Levonyak Nicholas S. , Hodges Mary P. , Haaf Nicole , Mhoon Verca , Lopez Ricardo , Little Jones Amy , Sanjeevaiah Aravind , Kainthla Radhika , Beg Muhammad Shaalan , Kazmi Syed M. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: Rates of malnutrition are high in patients with GI cancer, leading to poor outcomes. The aim of our project was to increase the rate of documented dietitian assessment in patients with GI cancer at Parkland Health and Hospital System from 5% to 25%. METHODS: Three PDSA cycles were conducted after identifying barriers to dietitian services. A registered dietitian was assigned to the GI oncology clinic during the first cycle, an adapted Malnutrition Screening Tool was implemented through the electronic medical record during the second cycle, and clinical staff training was performed during the third cycle. New patients with GI cancer seen by the registered dietitian had weight, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and serum albumin recorded at initial visit and 3-month follow-up. Paired t tests were performed. Emergency department visits and hospital admissions were also recorded during this time. RESULTS: Through these interventions, the percentage of patients with GI cancer with documented assessment by the registered dietitian increased from 5.1% in October 2018 prior to our interventions to 21.8% in July 2019 and has sustained in the 15%-20% range thereafter. From May to July 2019, there were 63 new patients with GI cancer seen by a registered dietitian. No significant difference was observed in average difference in weight and serum albumin level at initial visit and 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: A nutrition-focused quality improvement project led to a more than three-fold increase in the rate of documented dietitian assessment in patients with GI cancer.
Quantum tunneling from a Bardeen black hole
Authors: Xiang Li , Xie Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tunneling probability of a Schwarzschild black hole is ill-defined, if the second-order WKB approximation is considered. In this letter, the second-order tunneling probability of a Bardeen black hole is carefully investigated, and it is found to be regularized by the magnetic charge q. When the black hole entropy is maintained to be non-negative and monotonic increasing, the magnetic charge is restricted by

. The minimal probability refers to such a transition that the final state is a black hole remnant of Planck length.
Optimal vaccination program for two infectious diseases with cross-immunity spreading on a network
Authors: Ye Yang , Zhang Qingpeng , Cao Zhidong , Dajun Zeng Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are often multiple diseases with cross-immunity competing for vaccination resources. Here we investigate the optimal vaccination program in a two-layer Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model, where two diseases with cross-immunity spread in the same population, and vaccines for both diseases are available. We identify three scenarios of the optimal vaccination program, which prevents the outbreaks of both diseases at the minimum cost. We analytically derive a criterion to specify the optimal program based on the costs for different vaccines.
Non-parametric sign prediction of high-dimensional correlation matrix coefficients
Authors: Bongiorno Christian , Challet Damien 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We introduce a method to predict which correlation matrix coefficients are likely to change their signs in the future in the high-dimensional regime, i.e., when the number of features is larger than the number of samples per feature. The stability of correlation signs, two-by-two relationships, is found to depend on three-by-three relationships inspired by Heider social cohesion theory in this regime. We apply our method to US and Hong Kong equities historical data to illustrate how the structure of correlation matrices influences the stability of the sign of its coefficients.
Diversity and robustness of bone morphogenetic protein pattern formation
Authors: Madamanchi Aasakiran , Mullins Mary C. , Umulis David M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Pattern formation by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) demonstrates remarkable plasticity and utility in several contexts, such as early embryonic development, tissue patterning and the maintenance of stem cell niches. BMPs pattern tissues over many temporal and spatial scales: BMP gradients as short as 1-2 cell diameters maintain the stem cell niche of the Drosophila germarium over a 24-h cycle, and BMP gradients of several hundred microns establish dorsal-ventral tissue specification in Drosophila, zebrafish and Xenopus embryos in timescales between 30 min and several hours. The mechanisms that shape BMP signaling gradients are also incredibly diverse. Although ligand diffusion plays a dominant role in forming the gradient, a cast of diffusible and non-diffusible regulators modulate gradient formation and confer robustness, including scale invariance and adaptability to perturbations in gene expression and growth. In this Review, we document the diverse ways that BMP gradients are formed and refined, and we identify the core principles that they share to achieve reliable performance.
Data science in cell imaging
Authors: Driscoll Meghan K. , Zaritsky Assaf 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cell imaging has entered the ‘Big Data’ era. New technologies in light microscopy and molecular biology have led to an explosion in high-content, dynamic and multidimensional imaging data. Similar to the ‘omics’ fields two decades ago, our current ability to process, visualize, integrate and mine this new generation of cell imaging data is becoming a critical bottleneck in advancing cell biology. Computation, traditionally used to quantitatively test specific hypotheses, must now also enable iterative hypothesis generation and testing by deciphering hidden biologically meaningful patterns in complex, dynamic or high-dimensional cell image data. Data science is uniquely positioned to aid in this process. In this Perspective, we survey the rapidly expanding new field of data science in cell imaging. Specifically, we highlight how data science tools are used within current image analysis pipelines, propose a computation-first approach to derive new hypotheses from cell image data, identify challenges and describe the next frontiers where we believe data science will make an impact. We also outline steps to ensure broad access to these powerful tools – democratizing infrastructure availability, developing sensitive, robust and usable tools, and promoting interdisciplinary training to both familiarize biologists with data science and expose data scientists to cell imaging.
Contextual behavioural plasticity in Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) tadpoles exposed to native and alien predator cues
Authors: Gazzola Andrea , Balestrieri Alessandro , Scribano Giovanni , Fontana Andrea , Pellitteri-Rosa Daniele 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPredation is a strong driver for the evolution of prey behaviour. To properly assess the actual risk of predation, anuran tadpoles mostly rely on water-borne chemical cues, and their ability to evaluate environmental information is even more crucial when potential predators consist of unknown alien species. Behavioural plasticity – that is, the capacity to express changes in behaviour in response to different environmental stimuli – is crucial to cope with predation risk. We explored the defensive behaviour of Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) tadpoles when exposed to the chemical cues of two predator species, one native (dragonfly larvae) and one alien (red swamp crayfish). Firstly, we observed whether a plastic life history trait (i.e. hatching time) might be affected by native predatory cues. Secondly, we recorded a suite of behavioural responses (activity level, lateralization and sinuosity) to each cue. For assessing lateralization and sinuosity, we developed a C++ code for the automatic analysis of digitally recorded tadpole tracks. Hatching time seemed not to be affected by the potential risk of predation, while both predator species and diet affected tadpoles’ defensive behaviour. Tadpoles responded to a predator threat by two main defensive strategies: freezing and ‘zig-zagging’. While the first behaviour had previously been reported, the analysis of individual trajectories indicated that tadpoles can also increase path complexity, probably to prevent predators from anticipating their location. We also recorded a decrease in lateralization intensity, which suggests that under predation risk, tadpoles tend to scrutinize the surrounding environment equally on both sides.
Distance estimation by Asian honey bees in two visually different landscapes
Authors: George Ebi Antony , Thulasi Neethu , Kohl Patrick L. , Suresh Sachin , Rutschmann Benjamin , Brockmann Axel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHoney bees estimate distances to food sources using image motion experienced on the flight path and they use this measure to tune the waggle phase duration in their dance communication. Most studies on the dance-related odometer are based on experiments with Apis mellifera foragers trained in small tunnels with black and white patterns, which allows the creation of quantifiable changes in optic flow. In this study, we determined the waggle phase duration-distance curves of two Asian honey bee species, Apisflorea and Apiscerana, in two different natural environments with clear differences in the vegetation conditions and hence visual contrast. We found that the dense vegetation condition (with higher contrast) elicited a more rapid increase in the waggle phase duration with distance than the sparse vegetation condition in A. florea but not in A. cerana. Our findings suggest that contrast sensitivity of the waggle dance odometer might vary among honey bee species.