bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runaway History and Past 30‐Day Opioid Misuse in Justice‐Involved Adolescents
Authors: Johnson Micah E. , Lloyd Shawnta L. , Bristol Skye C. , Rosel Giselle , Otufowora Ayodeji A. , Epps Nathan N. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis study used a sample from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (n= 79,960) to analyze the association between runaway history and past 30‐day opioid misuse (OM) among justice involved adolescents. Past 30‐day OM was confirmed using a urine analysis. Adolescents who were runaways in their lifetime were twice as likely to misuse opioids, and those who were runaways at the time of arrest were three times as likely to be opioid misusers compared to adolescents who never ran away or been kicked out of a home. These findings emphasize a need for resources that focus on developing strong attachment bonds.
Do oxytocin neurones affect feeding?
Authors: Worth Amy A. , Luckman Simon M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been a long history of research on the effects of oxytocin on feeding behaviour. The classic‐held view is that the neurohormone is anorexigenic at least in rodents, although the data for humans are not so clear cut. Likewise, a physiological role for oxytocin is disputed. Thus, although pharmacological, anatomical and physiological data suggest oxytocin may have a function in satiety signalling, this view is not supported by the latest research using the genetic recording and manipulation of oxytocin neurones. Here, we avoid a discussion of the pharmacological effects of oxytocin and examine evidence, from both sides of the argument, concerning whether the endogenous oxytocin system has a role in the regulation of normal feeding.
The moral distress model: An empirically informed guide for moral distress interventions
Authors: Morley Georgina , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Ives Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore moral distress empirically and conceptually, to understand the factors that mitigate and exacerbate moral distress and construct a model that represents how moral distress relates to its constituent parts and related concepts.BackgroundThere is ongoing debate about how to understand and respond to moral distress in nursing practice.DesignThe overarching design was feminist empirical bioethics in which feminist interpretive phenomenology provided the tools for data collection and analysis, reported following the COREQ guidelines. Using reflexive balancing, the empirical data were combined with feminist theory to produce normative recommendations about how to respond to moral distress. The Moral Distress Model presented in this paper is a culmination of the empirical data and theory.MethodsUsing feminist interpretive phenomenology, critical care nurses in the United Kingdom (n = 21) were interviewed and data analysed. Reflexive Balancing was used to integrate the data with feminist theory to provide normative recommendations about how to understand moral distress.ResultsThere are five compounding factors that exacerbate/ mitigate nurses' experiences of moral distress: epistemic injustice; the roster lottery; conflict between one's professional and personal responsibilities; ability to advocate and team dynamics. In addition to the causal connection and responses to moral distress, these factors make up the moral distress model which can guide approaches to mitigate moral distress.ConclusionsThe Moral Distress Model is the culmination of these data and theorising formulated into a construct to explain how each element interacts. We propose that this model can be used to inform the design of interventions to address moral distress.
Geobacter sulfurreducens inner membrane cytochrome CbcBA controls electron transfer and growth yield near the energetic limit of respiration
Authors: Joshi Komal , Chan Chi Ho , Bond Daniel R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeobacter sulfurreducens utilizes extracellular electron acceptors such as Mn(IV), Fe(III), syntrophic partners, and electrodes that vary from +0.4 to −0.3 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), representing a potential energy span that should require a highly branched electron transfer chain. Here we describe CbcBA, a bc‐type cytochrome essential near the thermodynamic limit of respiration when acetate is the electron donor. Mutants‐lacking cbcBA ceased Fe(III) reduction at −0.21 V versus SHE, could not transfer electrons to electrodes between −0.21 and −0.28 V, and could not reduce the final 10%–35% of Fe(III) minerals. As redox potential decreased during Fe(III) reduction, cbcBA was induced with the aid of the regulator BccR to become one of the most highly expressed genes in G. sulfurreducens. Growth yield (CFU/mM Fe(II)) was 112% of WT in ∆cbcBA, and deletion of cbcL (an unrelated bc‐cytochrome essential near −0.15 V) in ΔcbcBA increased yield to 220%. Together with ImcH, which is required at high redox potentials, CbcBA represents a third cytoplasmic membrane oxidoreductase in G. sulfurreducens. This expanding list shows how metal‐reducing bacteria may constantly sense redox potential to adjust growth efficiency in changing environments.
The Effect of Perceived Threats and Response Efficacy on Adaptation to Smog: An Instrumental Variables Design
Authors: Mehiriz Kaddour , Gosselin Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThreats and response efficacyperceptions are core conceptsof the protection motivationtheory, and recent years have witnessed a considerable growth of research on the effect of thesefactors on adaptation to air pollution. However, few studies use appropriate designs to deal with endogeneity issues, a situation that raises serious questions on the validity of their findings. To overcome this problem, this study uses the instrumental variables method to test the effect of perceived threats and response efficacy on adaptation to smog episodes. The results of this study show that the conjunction of a moderate to high perception of threats with a high perception of response efficacy is positively associated with the adoption of the recommended behavior. The increase of perceived threats does not seem to have an effect on the behavior of individuals with low response efficacy perception. Moreover, change in perceived response efficacy does not lead to any change in the behavior of individuals with low threat perceptions. Concerning policy implications, this study suggests that smog warnings and health communication campaigns could be more effective if they provide accurate information simultaneously on air pollution level, its adverse effects, and advice on how to mitigate these effects.
Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Thresholds in a Heat-Health Warning System Context
Authors: Masselot Pierre , Chebana Fateh , Campagna Céline , Lavigne Éric , Ouarda Taha B.M.J. , Gosselin Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During the last two decades, a number of countries or cities established heat-health warning systems in order to alert public health authorities when some heat indicator exceeds a predetermined threshold. Different methods were considered to establish thresholds all over the world, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The common ground is that current methods are based on exposure-response function estimates that can fail in many situations. The present paper aims at proposing several data-driven methods to establish thresholds using historical data of health issues and environmental indicators. The proposed methods are model-based regression trees (MOB), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), the patient rule-induction method (PRIM) and adaptive index models (AIM). These methods focus on finding relevant splits in the association between indicators and the health outcome but do it in different fashions. A simulation study and a real-world case study hereby compare the discussed methods. Results show that proposed methods are better at predicting adverse days than current thresholds and benchmark methods. The results nonetheless suggest that PRIM is overall the more reliable method with low variability of results according to the scenario or case.
Joint Quantile Regression for Spatial Data
Authors: Chen Xu , Tokdar Surya T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLinear quantile regression is a powerful tool to investigate how predictors may affect a response heterogeneously across different quantile levels. Unfortunately, existing approaches find it extremely difficult to adjust for any dependency between observation units, largely because such methods are not based upon a fully generative model of the data. For analysing spatially indexed data, we address this difficulty by generalizing the joint quantile regression model of Yang and Tokdar (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2017, 112(519), 1107–1120) and characterizing spatial dependence via a Gaussian or t-copula process on the underlying quantile levels of the observation units. A Bayesian semiparametric approach is introduced to perform inference of model parameters and carry out spatial quantile smoothing. An effective model comparison criteria is provided, particularly for selecting between different model specifications of tail heaviness and tail dependence. Extensive simulation studies and two real applications to particulate matter concentration and wildfire risk are presented to illustrate substantial gains in inference quality, prediction accuracy and uncertainty quantification over existing alternatives.
Organizational and financial aspects of a continuous renal replacement therapy program
Authors: Connor Michael J. , Lischer Eileen , Cerdá Jorge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCritically ill patients who develop severe acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit often require treatment with renal replacement therapies (RRTs). This complication is associated with severe morbidity and mortality and high costs, both during hospitalization and postdischarge. This article discusses the operational requirements to develop and conduct a RRT program, as well as the financial implications of this complex form of patient care. The management of these programs must occur in a context where a clear organizational and educational framework and a multidisciplinary team ensures safety, effectiveness, cost‐control, and a clear quality control framework.
Are people better employees than machines? Dehumanizing language and employee performance appraisals
Authors: Fowler Luke , Utych Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough performance appraisals are based on objective procedures, cognitive biases from appraisers may create avenues for errors in judgment of employee performance. Dehumanizing language, or metaphors that characterize humans in nonhuman terms (e.g., cogs in a machine), is one important way cognitive biases can occurMethodWe conduct a survey experiment
to determine if dehumanizing language affects perceptions of employee value or competency within the context of performance appraisals.ResultFindings show that when employees are referred to in mechanistic terms, respondents perceive that employee to be deserve hire compensation, and be more competent, as compared to referring to employees in human or animalistic terms.ConclusionConclusions suggest dehumanizing language is an important type of cognitive bias that affects individuals in administrative environments, and the managerial and ethical implications of its use require further examination.
The pro‐competitive effects of foreign firm entry: Evidence from the Korean retail sector
Authors: Hwang Kyung In 
Published: August 2021

AbstractI investigate the effect of foreign entry on host country market competition. Using a firm‐level data set for the Korean retail sector during the process of FDI liberalisation, I find that the increase in the number of foreign stores caused average markups across local firms to fall. I show that the channel through which FDI decreases local firms’ markups increased competition as opposed to productivity spillovers.
Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) loss in canine mammary carcinoma
Authors: Kim Soo‐Hyeon , Seung Byung‐Joon , Bae Min‐Kyung , Lim Ha‐Young , Cho Seung‐Hee , Sur Jung‐Hyang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEscaping apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), a central molecule that regulates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, has been widely investigated in human oncology; however, investigations focusing on the endogenous expression of TRAIL in canine tumours are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the expression of endogenous TRAIL in canine mammary tumours and analysed its correlation with downstream molecules Fas‐associated protein with death domain (FADD) and caspase‐3, and to the apoptotic index. A total of 147 samples, classified as normal mammary gland (n = 9), mammary adenoma (n = 30), low‐grade carcinoma (n = 42) and high‐grade carcinoma (n = 66), were included in the immunohistochemical analyses, and 43 samples with sufficient levels of RNA were analysed via RNA in situ hybridization and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. In immunohistochemistry, TRAIL protein expression was significantly decreased in high‐grade carcinoma compared to those in normal mammary gland and adenoma, with similar downregulation of TRAIL mRNA expression. Also, FADD and caspase‐3 expression positively correlated with TRAIL expression. However, the apoptotic index was paradoxically elevated in high‐grade tumours. Overall, these results suggest that the loss of TRAIL accompanied by dysregulation of TRAIL‐induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway molecules could affect malignant progression of canine mammary tumours.
THE RATIONALITY OF BEAUTY: AESTHETICS AND THE RENAISSANCE OF TELEOLOGY
Authors: Coelho Humberto Schubert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs is well‐known, the mechanistic ontology associated with the work of Descartes and Newton also challenged the irreducibility of final causes. This challenge undercut objective justifications of goodness and beauty. As one result, aesthetics has since been viewed largely or wholly as a subjective matter. In this article, however, I argue that the anti‐teleological turn has now been undermined because of new discoveries in sciences. I argue therefore that the claim can no longer be made that science compels us to reject classical and objective accounts of goodness and beauty in aesthetics. Such developments are important to a wide range of fields, including aesthetics and metaphysics, as well as science and religion.
PHOTODEGRADATION EFFECT ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MANGOSTEEN PERICARP, BLACK GRAPE PEEL AND VIOLET BOUGAINVILLEA FLOWERS AS PHOTOSENSITIZER FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATION
Authors: Mohd Arifin Nurul Alfatihah , Salleh Hasiah , Dagang Ahmad Nazri , Nik Ali Nik Aziz , Alias Nur Salihah , Kamarulzaman Nurul Huda 
Published: August 2021

Alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and geothermal have become imperative for green energy solutions. A growing demand of hybrid solar cells is yet another promising option toward green energy providing the opportunity to explore natural dye extracts from the plant. The natural dyes were extracted from mangosteen pericarp (MP), black grape peel (BGP), and violet bougainvillea flowers (VBF), respectively. The natural dyes were then undergoing degradation under exposure to the light for six weeks. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical absorption of the natural dyes. UV-vis result showed that MP absorbs three ranges of light, 400-600 nm (chlorophyll a), 530- 550 nm (anthocyanin), and 650-670 nm (chlorophyll a). After 6 weeks, MP gives the best in sustaining itself by having the lowest percentage of photodegradation (50.73 %) compare to BGP (83.88%) and VBF (65.66%). The natural dyes gave the FTIR vibration peaks of OH, C-H, C=O, and C-O-C functional groups. Therefore, this study provides significant contributes towards explaining the potential of MP as the promising photosensitizer in the development of the hybrid solar cell.
Assessing Global Needs When Identifying Potential Engineering for Global Development Projects
Authors: Mabey Christopher S. , Mattson Christopher A. , Dahlin Eric C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With limited time and resources available to carry out Engineering for Global Development (EGD) projects, it can be difficult to know where those resources should be allocated to have greater potential for meaningful impact. It is easy to assume that projects should occur in a particular location based on personal experience or where other development projects are taking place. This can be a consideration, but it may not lead to the greatest social impact. Where to work on a project and what problem to work on are key questions in the early stages of product development in the context of EGD. To aid in this process, this article presents a method for assessing global needs to ensure thoughtful use of limited EGD resources. We introduce a method for identifying locations where there is human need, gaps in technological achievement, and what the work environment is in a country. Results of the method are compared to what countries receive the most foreign aid dollars per capita. Measures were calculated using the principal component analysis on data from development agencies. These results can help practitioners in selecting where to undertake development projects with an eye toward targeting locations that may yield high levels of social impact.
Mechanical Impedance of Rat Glabrous Skin and Its Relation With Skin Morphometry
Authors: Gök Çağlar , Devecioğlu İsmail , Güçlü Burak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mechanical impedance of intact and epidermis-peeled rat glabrous skin was studied at two sites (digit and sole) and at two frequencies (40 Hz and 250 Hz). The thicknesses of skin layers at the corresponding regions were measured histologically from intact- and peeled-skin samples in every subject. Compared to intact sole skin, digital rat skin has thicker layers and higher mechanical resistance, and it is less stiff. The resistance of the skin significantly decreased after epidermal peeling at both the digit and the sole. Furthermore, peeling caused the reactance to become positive due to inertial effects. As the frequency was increased from 40 to 250 Hz, the resistance and stiffness also increased for the intact skin, while the peeled skin showed less frictional (i.e., resistance) but more inertial (i.e., positive reactance) effects. We estimated the mechanical properties of epidermis and dermis with lumped-element models developed for both intact and peeled conditions. The models predicted that dermis has higher mass, lower stiffness, and lower resistance compared to epidermis, similar to the experimental impedance results obtained in the peeled condition which consisted mostly of dermis. The overall impedance was simulated more successfully at 40 Hz. When both frequencies are considered, the models produced consistent results for resistance in both conditions. The results imply that most of the model parameters should be frequency-dependent and suggest that mechanical properties of epidermis can be related to its thickness. These findings may help in designing artificial skin for neuroprosthetic limbs.
Prediction-Optimization of the Effects of Di-Tert Butyl Peroxide-Biodiesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Multi-Objective Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, can be used in place of fossil fuels, although they have a greater viscosity and a longer igniting delay. To compensate for these limitations, several additives are added to biodiesel. The cetane improver di-tert butyl peroxide (DTBP) was investigated as an additive in this work. DTBP was shown to influence the combustion and emission properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel blends. The multi-objective response surface technique (MORSM) with Box-Behnken design was used to decrease the number of trials to conserve precious resources such as human effort, time, and money. Theil's uncertainty for the model's predictive capabilities (Theil's U2) was less than 0.1189, demonstrating its robustness. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was excellent (0.9885–0.9995), with a mean absolute percentage error of less than 1.32%. The engine operating parameters that were optimized were 71.64% engine load, 4964 ppm DTBP additive, and 24.98-deg advance ignition timing. The MORSM-based proposed technique's reliability and robustness validate the usage of DTBP with biodiesel blends, model prediction, and optimization.
Within-Session Reliability and Minimum Detectable Differences for Discrete Lower-Extremity Angles and Moments During Walking
Authors: Hawkins Jillian L. , Milner Clare E. 
Published: August 2021

Differences in walking biomechanics between groups or conditions should be greater than the measurement error to be considered meaningful. Reliability and minimum detectable differences (MDDs) have not been determined for lower-extremity angles and moments during walking within a session, as needed for interpreting differences in cross-sectional studies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine within-session reliability and MDDs for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments during walking. Three-dimensional gait analysis was used to record walking at 1.25 m/s (±5%) in 18 men, 18–50 years of age. Peak angles and moments were calculated for 2 sets of 3 trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients (3, 3) were used to determine within-session reliability. In addition, MDDs were calculated. Within-session reliability was good to excellent for all variables. The MDDs ranged from 0.9° to 3.6° for joint angles and 0.06 to 0.15 N·m/kg for joint moments. Within-session reliability for peak ankle, knee, and hip angles and moments was better than the between-session reliability reported previously. Overall, our MDDs were similar or smaller than those previously reported for between-session reliability. The authors recommend using these MDDs to aid in the interpretation of cross-sectional comparisons of lower-extremity biomechanics during walking in healthy men.
Fitness Philanthropy: Exploring a Movement at the Nexus of Leisure, Charity, and Events
Authors: Palmer Catherine , Filo Kevin , Hookway Nicholas 
Published: August 2021

Sport is increasingly being used by individuals, charities, and corporate sponsors as a means of acquiring donors and fundraisers to support a variety of social and health causes. This paper examines five key features of fitness philanthropy that when considered together provide new sociological insight into a unique social phenomenon. These are: (a) peer-to-peer giving, (b) social media accounts of embodied philanthropy, (c) community connection and making a difference, (d) fitness philanthropy as social capital, and (e) charity and corporate giving. The significance of the paper is threefold. First, it highlights the ways in which fitness philanthropy points to the changing nature of sport, leisure, and physical activity, whereby fundraising is a key motivation for participation. Second, it examines the types of “empathy paths” created by fitness philanthropy with its emphasis on the body, social media, and peer-to-peer forms of organizational giving. Third, the paper seeks to answer critical questions about fitness philanthropy in the context of neoliberalism and “caring capitalism.” Bringing these themes into dialogue with broader research on the intersections between sport and charity adds to the body of sociological research on sport, philanthropy, well-being, and civic engagement by addressing novel conceptual frameworks for the embodied expression of these concerns.