bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common motor patterns of asymmetrical and symmetrical bipedal gaits
Authors: Pequera Germán , Ramírez Paulino Ignacio , Biancardi Carlo M. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Synergy modules have been used to describe activation of lower limb muscles during locomotion and hence to understand how the system controls movement. Walking and running have been shown shared synergy patterns suggesting common motor control of both symmetrical gaits. Unilateral skipping, an equivalent gait to the quadrupedal gallop in humans, has been defined as the third locomotion paradigm but the use by humans is limited due to its high metabolic cost. Synergies in skipping have been little investigated. In particular, to the best of our knowledge, the joint study of both trailing and leading limbs has never been addressed before.

Research question
How are organized muscle activation patterns in unilateral skipping? Are they organized in the same way that in symmetrical gaits? If yes, which are the muscle activation patterns in skipping that make it a different gait to walking or running? In the present research, we investigate if there are shared control strategies for all gaits in locomotion. Addressing these questions in terms of muscle synergies could suggest possible determinants of the scarce use of unilateral skipping in humans.

Methods
Electromyographic data of fourteen bilateral muscles were collected from volunteers while performing walking, running and unilateral skipping on a treadmill. Also, spatiotemporal gait parameters were computed from 3D kinematics. The modular composition and activation timing extracted by non-negative matrix factorization were analyzed to detect similarities and differences among symmetrical gaits and unilateral skipping.

Results
Synergy modules showed high similarity throughout the different gaits and between trailing and leading limbs during unilateral skipping. The synergy associated with the propulsion force operated by calf muscles was anticipated in bouncing gaits. Temporal features of synergies in the leading leg were very similar to those observed for running. The different role of trailing and leading legs in unilateral skipping was reflected by the different timing in two modules. Activation for weight acceptance was anticipated and extended in the trailing leg, preparing the body for landing impact after the flight phase. A different behaviour was detected in the leading leg, which only deals with a pendular weight transference.

Significance
The evidence gathered in this work supports the hypothesis of shared modules among symmetrical and asymmetrical gaits, suggesting a common motor control despite of the infrequent use of unilateral skipping in humans. Unilateral skipping results from phase-shifted activation of similar muscular groups used in symmetrical gaits, without the need for new muscular groups. The high and anticipated muscle activation in the trailing leg for landing could be the key distinctive event of unilateral skipping.
Socio Economic Status of Farming Community of Char Area of Dhubri District, Assam
Authors: Nath R. K. , Sarma B. , Choudhury M. , Ahmed P. , Upamanya G. K. , Khayer S. M. , Rahman M. , Sarma G. K. , Ahmed F. A. , Sarma R. 
Published: August 2021

The present study delves into the Socio-economic Status of Farmers of Char area of Dhubri district of Assam. The study was confined to the selected Char areas of the district, namely Faujdar Char, Simlabari and Bamunpara Part IV village. The quantitative study collected information using personal interview of each farmer through a semi-structured questionnaire. A multistage purposive cum random sampling design was followed for the purpose. A total sample of 150 farmers were randomly selected from the three indicated villages during 2021. This study revealed that farmers were of poor economic condition with low literacy and knowledge about agricultural methods. The farmers grow only rice, jute, summer and winter vegetables and without any awareness about their improved management practices. It is imperative that the introduction of modern agricultural technologies can uplift the present socioeconomic status of the farming community in the Char areas.
Diet of the Silky Shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) in Waters off Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)
Authors: N’Gouan Koua Clément , Konan Kouadio Justin , Edia Oi Edia 
Published: August 2021

Aims: This study was to establish the feeding habits of silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in waters off Côte d’Ivoire.
Study design: All stomachs of the specimens were collected using a standard method and analysed at laboratory.
Place and Duration of Study: The study of the diet of C. falciformis was carried out at the laboratory of the Oceanological Research Centre (ORC) between April 2019 and August 2020.
Methodology: To carry out this study, measurements and extractions of the stomachs of silky sharks were performed using a tape measure and dissection kit. Diet was described using the Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). The food overlap between sexes, size groups and marine seasons were analysed using the Morisita index.
Results: A total of 265 specimens ranging in size from 79 to 254 cm total length were used. Of the stomachs examined, 163 individuals had food contents (61.51%), whilst 102 were empty (38.49%). The results indicated that silky shark has epipelagic and mesobathypelagic feeding habits, preying upon a wide number of prey taxa (33 species) but with a diet dominated by teleost fishes, especially Thunnus albacares (60.62%IRI) and Katsuwonus pelamis (33.18%IRI). The Morisita index and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed similarity of the diet between sexes (Cλ > 0.60; Rs = 0.776 and p = 0.001 and marine seasons (Cλ > 0.60; Rs = 0.658 and p = 0.001). The juveniles and adults did not show any overlap. The Amundsen graphical (Fig. 3) analysis suggested that silky shark displays specialist feeding behaviour in this area.
Conclusion: Diet consisted mainly of T. albacares and K. pelamis, the proportions of which varied according to size and marine seasons. Carcharhinus falciformis is considered to be a specialist predator.
Serum Progesterone Level at the Day Prior to Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer and Pregnancy Rate
Authors: Elewa Merihan Mohamed , Eldorf Ayman Abdelaziz , Elshorbagy Shahinaz Hamdy , Abdallah Manal Mostafa 
Published: August 2021

Background: Cryopreservation's success rate varies depending on woman age, as low as 14.8% (if eggs were extracted from 40-year-old women), and as high as 31.5% with 25-year-old women. The goal of the research is to improve laboratory methods for freezing-thawing embryos, leading to elevated embryo survival rate. Yet, in hormonal replacement therapy frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycles, effective endometrial preparation before embryo transfer attracted less focus. The present research’s aim is to see whether there's a link between blood progesterone levels and pregnancy rates the day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Methods: This prospective observational research has investigated 120 patients of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle treatment, only 100 individuals subdivided to 2 groups for serum level of progesterone one day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The subjects visited both the Obstetrical and Gynecological Department of Tanta University as well as private centers between May 2020 and January 2021.
Results: We discovered no correlation between maternal age with pregnancy test results. Yet, our study discovered highly significant variation among both groups regarding endometrial thickness one day preceding embryo transfer, and regarding pregnancy rate (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The serum progesterone hormone preceding frozen embryo transfer has significant and direct relation and impact upon pregnancy rates. The present research detected low serum progesterone less than 10 nanograms/ml in the day before frozen-thawed embryo transfer in HRT-FET cycles significantly decreased probability of ongoing pregnancy post frozen-thawed embryo transfer.
Relationship between Intelligence Quotient, Academic Motivation and Academic Performance in Secondary School Students
Authors: Ilo Ekenedilichukwu , Onyejesi Chibuike 
Published: August 2021

Background: Students’ academic performance is affected by personal factors such as students’ effort, previous schooling, parent’s educational background, self motivation and intelligence.
Aim: To determine how academic motivation and intelligence quotient uniquely contribute to differences in students' academic performance.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.
Methodology: The study was carried out on 405 selected students from both private and public secondary schools in Enugu-East Local Government Area, study participants aged 9 through 15 years which is within the eligible ages for the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. Academic scores in three subjects were obtained from the schools. Intelligence quotient was measured using Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and Academic motivation was measured using the Academic motivation scale modified for use among secondary school students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on age, gender and parent’s educational level.
Results: Approximately 50% of study participants had an IQ 100 and above and 7.5% were intellectually superior scoring above the 95th percentile. IQ and academic motivation significantly predicted academic performance accounting for 29.9% of variance in academic performance(p<0.001).
Conclusion: Academic motivation plays a role in students’ success and academic performance. IQ alone does not account for the differences in academic performance among students.
Self‐Organized Co3O4‐SrCO3 Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Bing , Zhou Zi Ren , Wu Xue Feng , Zheng Li Rong , Dai Sheng , Chen Ai Ping , Hou Yu , Yang Hua Gui , Yang Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are expected to profoundly impact the photovoltaic society on account of its high‐efficiency and cost‐saving manufacture. As a key component in efficient PSCs, the hole transport layer (HTL) can selectively collect photogenerated carriers from perovskite absorbers and prevent the charge recombination at interfaces. However, the mainstream organic HTLs generally require multi‐step synthesis and hygroscopic dopants that significantly limit the practical application of PSCs. Here, a self‐organized percolative architecture composed of narrow bandgap oxides (e.g., Co3O4, NiO, CuO, Fe2O3, and MnO2) and wide bandgap SrCO3 oxysalt as efficient HTLs for PSCs is presented. The percolation of dual phases offers nanosized hole transport pathways and optimized interfacial band alignments, enabling significantly improved charge collection compared with the single phase HTLs. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency boosted from 8.08% of SrCO3 based device and 15.47% of Co3O4 based device to 21.84% of Co3O4‐SrCO3 based one without notable hysteresis. The work offers a new direction by employing percolative materials for efficient charge transport and collection in PSCs, and would be applicable to a wide range of opto‐electronic thin film devices.
3D Printing of Elastomeric Bioinspired Complex Adhesive Microstructures
Authors: Dayan Cem Balda , Chun Sungwoo , Krishna‐Subbaiah Nagaraj , Drotlef Dirk‐Michael , Akolpoglu Mukrime Birgul , Sitti Metin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBioinspired elastomeric structural adhesives can provide reversible and controllable adhesion on dry/wet and synthetic/biological surfaces for a broad range of commercial applications. Shape complexity and performance of the existing structural adhesives are limited by the used specific fabrication technique, such as molding. To overcome these limitations by proposing complex 3D microstructured adhesive designs, a 3D elastomeric microstructure fabrication approach is implemented using two‐photon‐polymerization‐based 3D printing. A custom aliphatic urethane‐acrylate‐based elastomer is used as the 3D printing material. Two designs are demonstrated with two combined biological inspirations to show the advanced capabilities enabled by the proposed fabrication approach and custom elastomer. The first design focuses on springtail‐ and gecko‐inspired hybrid microfiber adhesive, which has the multifunctionalities of side‐surface liquid super‐repellency, top‐surface liquid super‐repellency, and strong reversible adhesion features in a single fiber array. The second design primarily centers on octopus‐ and gecko‐inspired hybrid adhesive, which exhibits the benefits of both octopus‐ and gecko‐inspired microstructured adhesives for strong reversible adhesion on both wet and dry surfaces, such as skin. This fabrication approach could be used to produce many other 3D complex elastomeric structural adhesives for future real‐world applications.
Direct Growth of van der Waals Tin Diiodide Monolayers
Authors: Yuan Qian‐Qian , Zheng Fawei , Shi Zhi‐Qiang , Li Qi‐Yuan , Lv Yang‐Yang , Chen Yanbin , Zhang Ping , Li Shao‐Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have garnered considerable attention for their unique properties and potentials in a wide range of fields, which include nano‐electronics/optoelectronics, solar energy, and catalysis. Meanwhile, challenges in the approaches toward achieving high‐performance devices still inspire the search for new 2D vdW materials with precious properties. In this study, via molecular beam epitaxy, for the first time, the vdW SnI2 monolayer is successfully fabricated with a new structure. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterization, as corroborated by the density functional theory calculation, indicates that this SnI2 monolayer exhibits a band gap of ≈2.9 eV in the visible purple range, and an indirect‐ to direct‐band gap transition occurs in the SnI2 bilayer. This study provides a new semiconducting 2D material that is promising as a building block in future electronics/optoelectronics.
One‐pot Synthesis of a Truncated Cone‐shaped Porphyrin Macrocycle and Its Self‐assembly into Permanent Porous Material
Authors: Kim Ikjin , Dhamija Avinash , Hwang In‐Chul , Lee Hochan , Ko Young Ho , Kim Kimoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, we report the synthesis of a truncated cone‐shaped triangular porphyrinic macrocycle, P3L3, via a single step imine condensation of a cis‐diaminophenylporphyrin and a bent dialdehyde‐based linker as building units. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the truncated cone‐shaped P3L3 molecules are stacked on top of each other by π⋯π and CH⋯π interactions, to form 1.7 nm wide hollow columns in the solid state. The formation of the triangular macrocycle is corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. The permanent porosity of the P3L3 crystals is demonstrated by several gas sorption experiments and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Rare silent ischemic ventricular septal aneurysm and rupture: A multimodality diagnostic approach
Authors: Nguyen Hong Loan , Palaskas Nicolas , Lakkis Nasser , Tabbaa Rashed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA multimodality approach in addition to high level of clinical suspicion and thorough physical examination is important in the diagnosis and management of left ventricular aneurysm and rupture after a silent inferior infarction.
Thrombus aspiration without stenting in a patient with anterior STEMI: Regression and healing of an unstable plaque assessed by OCT at 24 months of follow‐up
Authors: Babunashvili Avtandil , Pancholy Samir , Babunashvili Tamara , Prokhorov Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn selected cases, when STEMI caused by mild or moderate degree lesion with a large concomitant thrombus, additional OCT‐guided PCI strategy after thrombus removal allows us to defer stenting with the follow‐up natural healing of the vessel wall.
Large abdominal purpura of neonatal retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Takemura Ryo , Wada Yoshiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge abdominal purpuras may be caused by retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with consumptive coagulopathy. Clinicians should perform serial ultrasonography studies to detect the sings of tumor until the final diagnosis is confirmed.
Persistent cutaneous lesion in a child with tyrosinemia: Esomeprazole‐induced lichenoid drug eruptions
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Saneian Hossein , Dehghani Shakiba 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLichenoid drug eruptions (LDEs) are among well‐recognized adverse reactions that different drugs including Proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with. LDEs are rare adverse reaction of PPIs but they should be considered as appropriate management can lead to full resolution. Herein, we report a case of Esomeprazole‐induced LDE in a child with tyrosinemia.
A case of metastatic NUT carcinoma with prolonged response on gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel
Authors: Patel Shetal A. , Singer Bart , Shen Colette , Zanation Adam M. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Weiss Jared 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNUT carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy characterized by translocations in the NUTM1 gene. There are currently no consensus treatment recommendations for NUT carcinomas.MethodsHere, we describe the case of a previously healthy male diagnosed with NUT carcinoma after presenting with sinus pressure, found to have a sinonasal mass and distant metastatic disease in the lungs. While pathologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry were consistent with NUT carcinoma, initial genomic profiling did not demonstrate a NUTM1 translocation.ResultsWhole transcriptomic RNA sequencing of the tumor revealed a YAP1‐NUTM1 fusion. Based on an in vitro drug sensitivity screen, the patient was treated with gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel, achieving a partial response that persisted for 9 months.ConclusionsUnbiased transcriptomic sequencing may identify previously uncharacterized NUTM1 fusion partners. Gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel is a well‐tolerated combination chemotherapy regimen and could offer a novel treatment approach for NUT carcinoma.
Ant‐induced alopecia: A new differential diagnosis for nonscarring alopecia
Authors: Ganjei Zakiye , Reisi‐Vanani Vahid , Razavi Seyede Zahra , Alizadeh Maryam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnt‐induced alopecia is a rare condition caused by Pheidole pallidula species. This particular cause of nonscaring alopecia should be considered a new differential diagnosis.
Assessing the relationship between health and household portfolio allocation
Authors: Wu Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the literature on the relationship between health and household portfolio allocation and provides updated empirical analysis based on recent data. Prior research finds robust evidence for cross‐sectional correlations between measures of health status and portfolio decisions, but establishing the causal pathways and underlying mechanisms has proven more difficult and complex. Analysis from the most recently available 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study yields results that are consistent with existing literature. Households with worse self‐reported health have a lower probability of holding various types of financial assets and invest a higher share of their portfolios in safe assets, relative to other asset categories. However, there is only weak evidence that new health shocks to a household change portfolio holdings. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research and directions for future work.
Galactose Grafted Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets as a Scaffold for the In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Potential Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Harikrishnan Kaloor S. , Krishnan Nithiyanandan , Kumar Nilima Manoj , Krishna Anusree , Raj Gowtham , Perumal Devanathan , Kalathil Jemshiya , Krishna Jithu , Varghese Reji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo major hurdles in NP‐based catalysis are the aggregation of the NPs and their recycling. Immobilization of NPs onto a 2D support is the most promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Herein, amphiphilicity‐driven self‐assembly of galactose‐hexaphenylbenzene‐based amphiphiles into galactose‐decorated 2D nanosheet is reported. The extremely dense decoration of reducing sugar on the surface of the sheets is used for the in situ synthesis and immobilization of ultrafine catalytically active AgNPs by using Tollens’ reaction. The potential of the system as a catalyst for the reduction of various nitroaromatics is demonstrated. Enhanced catalytic activity is observed for the immobilized AgNPs when compared to the corresponding discrete AgNPs. Recovery of the catalytic system from the reaction mixture by ultrafiltration and its subsequent recycling for several cycles without dropping its activity is shown. This is the first report demonstrating the in situ synthesis and immobilization of ultrafine AgNPs onto a 2D nanosheet that exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the reduction of nitroaromatics.
Current status of the satisfaction levels of adult patients receiving drugs for atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria
Authors: Kaneko Sakae , Nakahara Takeshi , Sumikawa Yasuyuki , Fukunaga Atsushi , Masuda Koji , Kakamu Takeyasu , Morita Eishin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe satisfaction level of adult patients receiving drugs for atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria is unclear. The objective of this multicenter study was to assess the satisfaction level of adult patients receiving treatment for allergic skin diseases, primarily atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria.MethodsWe developed a self‐administered questionnaire with multiple‐choice questions on patient characteristics, quality of life (QOL), and Abbreviated Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM‐9). We surveyed 302 patients receiving dermatological treatment.ResultsThe global satisfaction of patients (TSQM‐9) was lower for atopic dermatitis treatment compared with that for chronic urticaria. For atopic dermatitis, dupilumab had higher scores for effectiveness and global satisfaction, whereas topical tacrolimus and moisturizers had higher scores for convenience. For chronic urticaria, omalizumab had higher scores for effectiveness and global satisfaction, while antihistamines had a higher score for convenience. The Dermatology Life Quality Index was significantly associated with treatment effectiveness and global satisfaction, and patient satisfaction improved with the corresponding improvement in the QOL. For atopic dermatitis, satisfaction with dupilumab was higher than that with conventional standard therapy, after the confounding factors were eliminated. However, the same trend was not observed for chronic spontaneous urticaria.ConclusionsThe satisfaction of the effectiveness for the biologic agents was higher, compared to that with conventional standard therapy. Treatment with biologics is worth exploring for patients who are not satisfied with their existing treatments.