bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmental Abnormalities of White Matter Microstructure in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: An Automated Fiber Quantification Tractography Study
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Liu Yangyingqiu , Gao Bingbing , Che Yiwei , Lin Liangjie , Jiang Jian , Chang Peipei , Song Qingwei , Wang Nan , Wang Weiwei , Miao Yanwei 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) results in extensive white matter abnormalities, but the specific damage segment cannot be identified. This study aimed to determine the segmental abnormalities of white matter microstructure in ESRD and its relationship with cognitive and renal function indicators.Methods: Eighteen ESRD patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively recruited. All participants underwent DTI and clinical assessments. Automatic fiber quantification (AFQ) was applied to generate bundle profiles along 16 main white matter tracts. We compared the DTI parameters between groups. Besides, we used partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses to explore the associations between white matter integrity and cognitive performance as well as renal function indicators.Results: In the global tract level, compared to HCs, ESRD patients had greater MD, AD, and RD values and lower FA value in several fibers (P &lt; 0.05, FDR correction). In the point-wise level, extensive damage existed in specific locations of different fiber tracts, particularly in the left hemisphere (P &lt; 0.05, FDR correction). Among these tracts, the mean AD values of the left cingulum cingulate correlated negatively with MoCA score. Urea and UA level were independent predictors of the AD value of superior component of the left corticospinal. Besides, urea level was the independent predictors of mean MD value of left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR).Conclusion: White matter fiber tract damage in ESRD patients may be characterized by abnormalities in its specific location, especially in the left hemisphere. Aberrational specific located fibers were related to cognitive impairment and renal dysfunction.
Auditory Sensory Gating in Children With Cochlear Implants: A P50-N100-P200 Study
Authors: Chen Yan-Xin , Xu Xin-Ran , Huang Shuo , Guan Rui-Rui , Hou Xiao-Yan , Sun Jia-Qiang , Sun Jing-Wu , Guo Xiao-Tao 
Published: December 2021

Background: While a cochlear implant (CI) can restore access to audibility in deaf children, implanted children may still have difficulty in concentrating. Previous studies have revealed a close relationship between sensory gating and attention. However, whether CI children have deficient auditory sensory gating remains unclear.Methods: To address this issue, we measured the event-related potentials (ERPs), including P50, N100, and P200, evoked by paired tone bursts (S1 and S2) in CI children and normal-hearing (NH) controls. Suppressed amplitudes for S2 compared with S1 in these three ERPs reflected sensory gating during early and later phases, respectively. A Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) scale was performed to assess the attentional performance.Results: Significant amplitude differences between S1 and S2 in N100 and P200 were observed in both NH and CI children, indicating the presence of sensory gating in the two groups. However, the P50 suppression was only found in NH children and not in CI children. Furthermore, the duration of deafness was significantly positively correlated with the score of inattention in CI children.Conclusion: Auditory sensory gating can develop but is deficient during the early phase in CI children. Long-term auditory deprivation has a negative effect on sensory gating and attentional performance.
Processed Food and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Cross-Sectional Studies in Chinese Adults
Authors: Li Yajia , Su Juan , Luo Dan , Duan Yanying , Huang Zhijun , He Meian , Tao Juan , Xiao Shuiyuan , Xiao Yi , Chen Xiang , Shen Minxue 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The effect of processed foods on atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults is unclear. This study was to evaluate the association between processed foods and AD in the Chinese adult population.Design: This study included three population-based cross-sectional studies using cluster sampling by villages, institutions, or factories. Participants underwent dermatological examinations by certificated dermatologists and a food frequency questionnaire survey. A spot urine sample was collected to estimate the daily sodium intake. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented as the effect size.Setting: Shiyan city of Hubei province, and Huayuan, Shimen, Hengyang, Zhuzhou, and Changsha of Hunan province.Participants: Automobile manufacture workers from Shiyan of Hubei province, and rural residents and civil servants from Hunan.Results: A total of 15,062 participants, including 3,781 rural residents, 5,111 civil servants, and 6,170 workers, completed all evaluations. Compared to those hardly consumed pickles, consumption of pickles 1–3 times per week was significantly associated with AD (aOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.06–1.70). The intake of processed meats 1–3 times per month (aOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05–1.58) and 1–3 times per week (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11–1.87) were associated with AD dose-dependently when compared with those who rarely ate processed meats. Compared with non-consumers, the consumption of any processed foods 1–3 times per week (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.08–1.80) and ≥4 times per week (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05–1.89) showed increased risks of AD. A positive association of estimated sodium intake with AD was also observed.Conclusion: Intake of processed foods is associated with AD in Chinese adults.
Meta-analysis of Glutamine on Immune Function and Post-Operative Complications of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Tao , Yan Xuhong , Cao Yibo , Bao Tiantian , Li Guangsong , Gu Shengliang , Xiong Kai , Xiao Tianbao 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical significance of glutamine in the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after radical operation. Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP medicine information system (VIP), and Wanfang electronic databases were comprehensively searched from inception to 30, July 2021. Prospective randomized trials with glutamine vs. routine nutrition or blank therapy were selected. The immune function related indicators (including IgA, IgG, IgM, CD4+, CD8+, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+), post-operative complications [including surgical site infection (SSI), anastomotic leakage, and length of hospital stay (LOS)], and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed in the pooled analysis. Subsequently, the heterogeneity between studies, sensitivity, publication bias, and meta-regression analysis were performed. Consequently, 31 studies which contained 2,201 patients (1,108 in the glutamine group and 1,093 in the control group) were included. Results of pooled analysis indicated that glutamine significantly improved the humoral immune function indicators [including IgA (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.72–1.58), IgM (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.89), and IgG (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.70–1.50)], and the T cell immune function indicators [including CD4+ (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99) and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.57–1.28)]. Meanwhile, the content of CD8+ was decreased significantly (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.10) followed by glutamine intervention. Pooled analysis of SSI (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30–0.75), anastomotic leakage (RR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09–0.61), and LOS (SMD = −1.13, 95% CI: −1.68 to −0.58) were decreased significantly in glutamine group compared with control group. Metaregression analysis revealed that the covariate of small-sample effects influenced the robustness and reliability of IgG outcome potentially. Findings of the present work demonstrated that glutamine ought to be applied as an effective immunenutrition therapy in the treatment of patients with CRC after radical surgery. The present meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021243327).Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42021243327.
Determination of Current Flow Induced by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Migraine: Potential for Optimization
Authors: Thomas Chris , Truong Dennis Q. , Lee Kiwon , Deblieck Choi , Androulakis Xiao Michelle , Datta Abhishek 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for migraine involves the application of pulsatile stimulation through electrodes placed on the forehead to target the underlying trigeminal nerves. It is a simple, safe modality and has secured clinical approval in several markets including the European Union and the United States. Despite nearing almost 7 years of use (postclinical approval), the exact mechanism of action is not fully known. Guided by the need to stimulate the trigeminal nerves bilaterally, electrode dimensions are simply required to extend enough to cover the underlying nerves. The goal of this study is to examine induced current flow [magnitude and spatial distribution of electric field (EF)] and another driver of stimulation [activating function (AF)] due to TENS therapy for migraine for the first time. We further consider the effect of changing the electrode dimension and shape and propose a design modification to deliver optimal flow.Methods: We developed the first ultra-high-resolution finite element (FE) model of TENS for migraine incorporating the target supratrochlear (ST) and the supraorbital (SO) nerves. We first simulated the clinically approved V-shaped geometry. We then considered three additional designs: extended V-shaped, idealized pill-shaped, and finally an extended V-shaped but with greater contact spacing (extended V-shaped +CS).Results: Our findings revealed that the clinically approved electrode design delivered substantially higher mean current flow to the ST nerve in comparison with the SO nerves (Medial: 53% and Lateral: 194%). Consideration of an extended design (~10 mm longer and ~ 4 mm shorter) and a pill-like design had negligible impact on the induced current flow pattern. The extended V-shaped +CS montage delivered relatively comparable current flow to each of the three target nerves. The EF induced in the ST nerve was 49 and 141% higher in the Medial and Lateral SO nerve, respectively. When considering maximum induced values, the delivery of comparable stimulation was further apparent. Given the existing electrode design's established efficacy, our results imply that preferential targeting of the ST nerve is related to the mechanism of action. Additionally, if comparable targeting of all three nerves continues to hold promise, the extended V-shaped +CS montage presents an optimized configuration to explore in clinical studies.
Renewed Attention Needed for Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy in the Netherlands
Authors: Kanits Floortje , L'Hoir Monique P. , Boere-Boonekamp Magda M. , Engelberts Adèle C. , Feskens Edith J. M. 
Published: December 2021

Background: The incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has declined in developed countries since the 1980s, including the Netherlands. To identify improvement opportunities in SUDI prevention, we monitored the adherence of parents to the prevention advice on infant care habits over the past 20 years, especially in relation to the SUDI incidence over time. Potential changes in parental adherence between the latest surveys are of specific interest, as these indicate where current focus is needed.Methods: Description of the prevalence of infant care factors related to the risk of SUDI, assessed from five Dutch national surveys from 1999 to 2017 among parents of infants under 12 months, and analysis of the potential differences in these prevalences between the two latest surveys in 2010/11 and 2017 with a z-test.Results: Supine sleeping position decreased from the highest prevalence of 92% in 2010/11, to 83% in 2017. Sleep sack use has increased to 55%, the highest prevalence up to now. Avoiding a duvet has remained reasonably stable since 2002/03 and now 95% of parents do not use a duvet. The prevalence of room-sharing, without sharing the bed, increased from 14% in 1999 to the highest prevalence in 2017 (31%). However, also bed-sharing almost doubled from 5.6% in 2010/11 to 10% in 2017. Breastfeeding decreased between 1999 and 2010/11, but increased from 34% in 2010/11 to 42% in 2017. An increased prevalence of mothers who abstained from smoking during pregnancy, as well as both parents not smoking, was observed, although mostly higher educated parents showed this beneficial behavior.Discussion and Conclusion: Much has already been achieved first by decreasing prone sleeping since the 80's, and subsequently promoting supine as the safest sleep position. The decrease in duvet use and smoking, and an increase in breastfeeding have also had impact. Indications of a recent decreased prevalence of the supine sleeping position and higher prevalence of bed-sharing might relate to the slightly increasing SUDI incidence in the Netherlands. Renewed attention for prevention of SUDI and specific advice targeting high-risk groups is needed. Modern, picture driven information via internet is recommended.
The Aflibercept-Induced MicroRNA Profile in the Vitreous of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Guo Ju , Zhou Pengyi , Liu Zhenhui , Dai Fangfang , Pan Meng , An Guangqi , Han Jinfeng , Du Liping , Jin Xuemin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important pathogenic factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and aflibercept (Eylea) is one of the widely used anti-VEGF agents. This study investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profiles in the vitreous of 5 idiopathic macular hole patients (non-diabetic controls), 5 untreated PDR patients (no-treatment group), and 5 PDR patients treated with intravitreal aflibercept injection (treatment group).Methods: Next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the miRNA profiles. Deregulated miRNAs were validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in another cohort. The mRNA profile data (GSE160310) of PDR patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The function of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs was annotated by bioinformatic analysis and literature study.Results: Twenty-nine miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in the three groups, of which 19,984 target mRNAs were predicted. Hsa-miR-3184-3p, hsa-miR-24-3p, and hsa-miR-197-3p were validated to be remarkably upregulated in no-treatment group versus controls, and significantly downregulated in treatment group versus no-treatment group. In the GSE160310 profile, 204 deregulated protein-coding mRNAs were identified, and finally 179 overlapped mRNAs between the 19,984 target mRNAs and 204 deregulated mRNAs were included for further analysis. Function analysis provided several roles of aflibercept-induced miRNAs, promoting the alternation of drug sensitivity or resistance-related mRNAs, and regulating critical mRNAs involved in angiogenesis and retinal fibrosis.Conclusion: Hsa-miR-3184-3p, hsa-miR-24-3p, and hsa-miR-197-3p were highly expressed in PDR patients, and intravitreal aflibercept injection could reverse this alteration. Intravitreal aflibercept injection may involve in regulating cell sensitivity or resistance to drug, angiogenesis, and retinal fibrosis.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on Adolescents: A Large Sample Study in China
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Wang Yini , Bu Tianyi , Zhang Sijia , Chu Haiyun , Li Jiarui , He Jingyun , Zhang Yansheng , Liu Xuan , Qiao Zhengxue , Yang Xiuxian , Yang Yanjie 
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health emergency. However, little is known about the psychological impact of this pandemic on adolescents. We aim to assess the prevalence and influencing factors of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents in a large sample study.Methods: This cross-sectional study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 175,416 adolescents covering 31 provinces, centrally administered municipalities, and autonomous regions in mainland China from February 23 to March 8, 2020. The status of depression, anxiety, and PTG was assessed by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire, and post-traumatic growth inventory.Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and PTG in adolescents was 35.9, 28.0, and 45.6%, respectively. The prevalence of depression and anxiety in the slight or severe epidemic areas was similar. Regression analysis showed that female sex and older age were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and lower levels of PTG. Symptoms related to COVID-19, excessive attention to epidemic information, living in urban or severe epidemic areas, and conflicts with parents during home quarantine were risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTG. Frequent communication with peers, exercise, and receiving public welfare psychological assistance were protective factors. Poor family economic status was a significant risk factor for depression and PTG.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that positive and negative psychological reactions coexist in adolescents faced with the pandemic. The factors associated with psychological problems and PTG provide strategic guidance for maintaining adolescents' mental health in China and worldwide during any pandemic such as COVID-19.
Histogenous Hypoxia and Acid Retention in Schizophrenia: Changes in Venous Blood Gas Analysis and SOD in Acute and Stable Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Huang Xingbing , Lu Qiu-Ling , Zhu Xiu-Mei , Zeng Yi-Bin , Liu Yun , Hu Hao-Ying 
Published: December 2021

Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCH), and there is considerable indirect evidence that hypoxia is closely related to SCH, but direct evidence of hypoxia in SCH has never been found.Methods:In this study, superoxide dismutase (SOD), venous blood gas, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were examined in 40 SCH patients and compared with those of 40 healthy controls. The patients were treated with combination of atypical antipsychotics and Ditan Huayu Lishen decoction (a Chinese medicine decoction) and examined in the acute and stable period, respectively. Comparisons of indicators between two groups were performed using an independent-samples t-test, comparison of indicators between the acute and stable periods in the SCH group was performed using paired-samples t-test. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between the effect indicators.Results: Higher venous pH, PvO2, and fasting blood glucose levels and lower SOD, lactic acid, and PvCO2 levels were found in SCH patients compared with the control group; SOD was negatively correlated with the general psychopathology subscale score (PANSS-G), and PvO2 levels were closely related to venous pH in SCH and related to PvCO2 in the control group. It was also found that SOD activity showed no significant difference in acute and stable period, whereas PvO2 showed a downward trend, and venous pH was decreased significantly after treatment. Both the venous pH and PvO2 were higher in patients with SCH than that in healthy controls.Conclusion: It suggests that histogenous hypoxia and acid retention exist in relation to SCH, and there is an improvement of acid retention and a downward trend in histogenous hypoxia after combination treatment. Venous pH, PvO2, and PvCO2 are trait variables, but not state variables of SCH. The theory of histogenous hypoxia and acid retention can well explain the decrease in pH value and the increase in lactic acid in brain tissue of patients with SCH. Histogenous hypoxia and acid retention closely related to glucose metabolism. So they may play an important role in pathophysiology for SCH.
Radioactivity and Space Range of Ultra-Low-Activity for in vivo Off-line PET Verification of Proton and Carbon Ion Beam—A Phantom Study
Authors: Zhang Fuquan , Zhang Junyu , Lu Yan , Sheng Yixiangzi , Sun Yun , Zhang Jiangang , Cheng Jingyi , Zhou Rong 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The radioactivity induced by proton and heavy ion beam belongs to the ultra-low-activity (ULA). Therefore, the radioactivity and space range of commercial off-line positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition based on ULA should be evaluated accurately to guarantee the reliability of clinical verification. The purpose of this study is to quantify the radioactivity and space range of off-line PET acquisition by simulating the ULA triggered by proton and heavy ion beam.Methods: PET equipment validation phantom and low activity 18F-FDG were used to simulate the ULA with radioactivity of 11.1–1480 Bq/mL. The radioactivity of ULA was evaluated by comparing the radioactivity in the images with the values calculated from the decay function with a radioactivity error tolerance of 5%. The space range of ULA was evaluated by comparing the width of the R50 analyzed activity distribution curve with the actual width of the container with a space range error tolerance of 4 mm.Results: When radioactivity of ULA was &gt;148 Bq/mL, the radioactivity error was &lt;5%. When radioactivity of ULA was &gt;30 Bq/mL, the space range error was below 4 mm.Conclusions: Off-line PET can be used to quantify the radioactivity of proton and heavy ion beam when the ULA exceeds 148 Bq/mL, both in radioactivity and in space range.