bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nickel doping on the microstructure and conductivity of Ca(Ti,Al)O3–δ for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Nasani Narendar , Gavinola Srinivas R. , Graca Vanessa , Allu Amarnath R. , Reddy Raghu C. , Kale Bharat B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ABO3 type perovskite oxide‐based ceramic membranes are one of the most important classes of materials for high‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications. The acceptor‐doped calcium titanate (CaTiO3) perovskite has attracted considerable attention as an oxide ion‐conducting membrane due to its potentially high ionic conductivity and excellent stability. Nonetheless, the ionic conductivity of the material must still be improved. Following the strategy of the substitution of dopants on the B‐site, the current work is focused on exploring the effect of Al and Ni additions on electrical properties, by studying the nominal compositions CaTi0.7Al0.3–xNixO3−δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). The materials were synthesized by the sol–gel method and studied as a function of phase composition, microstructure, and electrical properties. The results demonstrate an increase of both total and specific grain boundary conductivity with increasing Ni content, while predominant p‐type behavior is shown under oxygen‐rich atmosphere.
Geographic and subsequent biotic isolations led to a diversity anomaly of section Heterotropa (genus Asarum: Aristolochiaceae) in insular versus continental regions of the Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region
Authors: Takahashi Daiki , Sakaguchi Shota , Feng Yu , Isagi Yuji , Qiu Ying‐Xiong , Li Pan , Lu Rui‐Sen , Lu Chang‐Tse , Chung Shih‐Wen , Lin Yang‐Shan , Chen Yun‐Chao , Nagano Atsushi J. , Kawaguchi Lina , Setoguchi Hiroaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region has extremely high species diversity with respect to temperate plants; however, the reasons for this diversity are poorly understood because most studies have only considered geographic isolation caused by climatic oscillations. In some plant groups, high floral trait diversity and uneven species diversity between insular systems and the continental area suggest other factors may have important roles too. The primary purpose of this study is to reveal how abiotic and biotic factors have shaped the species diversity anomaly of Heterotropa between the insular systems and the continental area.LocationThe Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region.TaxonSection Heterotropa (genus Asarum; Aristolochiaceae).MethodsUsing ddRAD‐seq and chloroplast genome data, we built a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree including 79 species. We estimated the patterns of floral traits (flowering time and floral size) evolution using macroevolutionary modelling, and tested the correlation of speciation rate with the trait evolution rates. Finally, we estimated the isolation factors of all taxa pairs and sister‐taxa pairs based on distribution range and floral traits.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis indicated that Heterotropa was diverged into two clades (continental clade and insular clade) in the Miocene, and the major subclades corresponded to geographic entities. Most rate shifts accelerating floral trait's evolution occurred during the Pleistocene period. Evolution rate of floral traits showed positive correlation with the speciation rate. Large proportion of taxa in the insular clade are distributed allopatrically. Several sister pairs showed floral trait divergence with geographic overlap.Main ConclusionsThe diversification of Heterotropa appears to have been triggered by geographic and climatic events, and subsequent repeated floral trait evolution with and without geographic isolation. Furthermore, the high species diversity in the insular systems would have been formed by the repeated range fragmentations and contractions. Our study demonstrates the importance of multidimensional studies to understand the diversification process of temperate plants in the Sino‐Japanese Floristic Region.
Quantitative and molecular genetics of child and adolescent mental health disorders: Recent advances, knowledge gaps and directions for future research
Authors: Larsson Henrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantitative and molecular genetic research studies have already contributed substantially to increase the understanding of the links and boundaries across different child and adolescent mental health conditions and between child and adult forms of psychopathology. Several findings have been replicated across quantitative and molecular genetic methods, and across clinical and population‐based samples. An important task for future quantitative and molecular genetic research is to advance the understanding of how childhood psychopathology unfolds into adult forms of psychopathology, and to reveal the etiologic relationships across different forms of psychopathology. In the years to come, we can expect further breakthroughs in the genetics of child and adolescent mental health disorders to come from converging evidence across different quantitative and molecular genetic methods.
Factors that influence community hospital involvement in clinical trials: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Wang Mei , Dolovich Lisa , Holbrook Anne , Jack Susan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe successful conduct of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is often impeded by recruitment difficulties. Community hospitals see large volumes of patients but rarely participate in trials. The objective of this study was to explore how research stakeholders identify and understand the contextual, organizational, research, and individual‐level factors that influence the engagement of community hospitals in Ontario to participate in RCTs as partner sites.MethodsIn this descriptive, qualitative study, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 18 individuals who are familiar with the processes associated with engaging community hospitals for research or recruiting participants from these sites into trials. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The principles of conventional content analysis were used to code, categorize and synthesize the interview data.ResultsInformed by participants' descriptions, the results were organized within three unique stages that describe the process of recruitment within community hospitals: (a) community hospital engagement; (b) initiation of the project in the community hospitals; and (c) recruiting patients. The key barriers were the invisibility of the community hospitals to research investigators and the lack of research infrastructure in most of the community hospitals. Increased communication and sharing of resources between academic centers and community hospitals facilitated recruitment across all three stages.ConclusionOur results illustrated a willingness of community hospitals to participate in RCTs, but a lack of capacity for research. Additional efforts by trial coordinating sites are required to recruit community hospitals, but their inclusion improves the generalizability of trial results.
Dissecting Macroeconomic News
Authors: AVINO DAVIDE E. , STANCU ANDREI , WESE SIMEN CHARDIN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow do macroeconomic events affect the term structure of equity returns? We document that the term structure of equity excess returns is upward sloping on federal fund rate announcement days but not on nonannouncement days. The dividend strips respond significantly to macroeconomic news and the strength of the announcement response declines with the maturity of the dividend asset. Our analysis reveals that nonfarm payrolls surprises have the largest impact on the term structure of dividend strips. The cash flow and discount rate channels both contribute to the response of the dividend asset to macroeconomic news.
Does history really matter: Investigating historical branded executions' effects on contemporary consumer attitudes
Authors: Leak Roland L. , McNeil Kimberly R. , Crockett David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarketing executions (e.g., advertisements, packaging, and brand imagery) incorporating racial or ethnic stereotypes are present in many brands' histories. Over time, these executions have been updated to comport with societal norms, but much of the dated brand information remains accessible to consumers, especially via various digital platforms and archives. Over four studies, we investigate how exposure to these historical remnants affects contemporary consumers' held brand attitudes, showing that these executions have a detrimental influence in certain marketplace subsegments. Respondents generally report more negative brand attitudes upon exposure to the historical execution based on perceived offensiveness (Studies 1, 2, and 3). Study 4 rounds out these findings by identifying that offensiveness perceptions are differentially tied to how consumers (majority vs. minority) utilize their egalitarian beliefs.
Inflammatory markers in acne vulgaris: Saliva as a novel diagnostic fluid
Authors: Monib Khaled Mohey El‐Din , El‐fallah Asmaa Adel , Salem Rehab Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide use of saliva‐based measurements in inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic conditions, its use in dermatology is still limited.AimsThe aims of this study were to assess the serum and salivary levels of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in patients with acne vulgaris.Patients/MethodsThe study included 84 moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris patients, in addition to 105 healthy control subjects. Serum and salivary levels of CRP and IL‐1β were estimated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.ResultsUsing T‐test, the serum and salivary levels of both CRP and IL‐1β in the patients were significantly higher than the measured levels in the control subjects (p < 0.001). Using Pearson correlation coefficient, serum and salivary CRP and serum IL‐1β levels showed significantly positive correlation with GAGS scores (p < 0.001). The levels of IL‐1β in saliva did not show significant correlation with GAGS scores or with serum and salivary CRP.ConclusionsThe current study supports the emerging role of saliva as a valid noninvasive tool for monitoring inflammation and as a reliable and stress‐free tool to evaluate cytokines and other inflammatory marker levels in acne vulgaris.
Prevalence and predictors of colon polyps in patients with skin tags: A cross sectional study
Authors: Zaki Amr M. , Elshahed Ahmed R. , Diab Mahmoud R. , Hasan Mohamed S. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcrochordons (fibroepithelial polyps, skin tags, papillomas) are common benign neoplasms of the skin.AimTo identify the prevalence of colonic polyps among patients presenting with skin tags and to determine a useful criteria for screening with colonoscopy.MethodsTwo hundred patients who fulfilled the selection criteria underwent physical, biochemical evaluation (fasting blood sugar (FBS), body mass index (BMI) calculation, occult blood in stool), and histopathological examination of the skin tags. Colonoscopy was performed in patients with positive blood in stool, and any polyps identified were resected or biopsied.ResultsOccult blood in stool was insignificantly detected in 12 (6%) of the 200 subjects (p < 0.001), and they were referred for colonoscopy. A prevalence rate of 3.5% was reported, and of twelve colonoscopies performed, three patients were polyp‐free, two were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), and seven patients were diagnosed with polyps that were removed and/or biopsied (p = 0.421). Of the seven polyps, three were hemorrhoidal polyps and the four other polyps were adenomatous polyps (villous adenoma).ConclusionThe mere presence of skin tags does not significantly correlate with existence of colonic polyps and does not justify screening colonoscopy unless other metabolic, GIT, and biochemical markers are identified.
Georg Simmel and the ontology of relational emergence
Authors: Christodoulou Michalis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article we argue that Simmel's social theory has laid the groundwork for the ontology of relational emergence as propounded by critical realism. Although it has been acknowledged by many a scholar that “relationality” as such constitutes the ontological foundation of Simmel's philosophy, a disagreement regarding the nature of this relationality permeates Simmel literature. The main idea of our argument is that Simmel's approach to “relationality” is similar with how critical realists make sense of emergence and causal powers. For this goal, we specify the ways through which four basic ideas of relational emergence are developed in Simmel's work of the dyad, the triad and of the secrecy. We emphasize 1) how the ideas of the irreducibility of the relational properties and of downward causation are presented in Simmel's social theory and 11) why adopting Kantian lines of reasoning does not make him a purely Kantian thinker
Preconditioning improves bleaching tolerance in the reef‐building coral Pocillopora acuta through modulations in the programmed cell death pathways
Authors: Majerova Eva , Carey Fiona C. , Drury Crawford , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReef‐building corals rely on intracellular algal symbionts to meet energetic demands. Increasing extreme weather driven by climate change often leads to disruption of this symbiosis and to coral death. Corals can better withstand stress after previous exposure to sublethal conditions, but the mechanisms for this resilience remain unclear. Here, we show that a three‐day thermal preconditioning increases tolerance of acute heat stress through modulations in cell death pathways in the stony coral Pocillopora acuta. In preconditioned corals, the ratio of pro‐survival (pa‐Bcl‐2 and pa‐BI‐1) to pro‐death (pa‐BAK and pa‐BAX) gene expression increased and the corals underwent significantly less bleaching. When treated with Bcl‐2 inhibitor, corals lost the improved thermal tolerance, suggesting an important role of programmed cell death in coral bleaching and acclimatization. During heat stress, the activity of acid phosphatase increased but caspase‐3 did not, suggesting the involvement of autophagy/symbiophagy rather than apoptosis in this process. A similar shift in gene expression also occurs in thermally stressed corals that have been exposed to naturally higher temperatures during summer thermal maxima in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi, suggesting that corals can increase their resilience to realistic warming events during high‐risk periods through alterations in cell signalling. These data suggest that programmed cell death pathways underly coral acclimatization and resilience and may be important for coral reef conservation and management.
The Return of Great‐Power Competition to the Middle East: A Two‐Level Game
Authors: Hoffman Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGreat‐power competition has once again assumed primacy in the international arena. Facing a rising China and a resurgent Russia, the United States formally reoriented its National Security Strategy in 2017 to place more emphasis on the return of great‐power politics and global multipolarity. With the resumption of such competition, the Middle East has rightfully been noted as a regional theater where Russia and China have sought to exploit US policy blunders and retrenchment (real or perceived) to push for increased regional multipolarity. Although the Middle East has been recognized as a prime theater for great‐power competition, the approaches adopted by most existing studies are primarily one‐sided: they examine great‐power competition in the region from the outside, stressing how global powers are manipulating affairs in the Middle East in order to advance their own interests. Often missing from this conversation is how external engagement in the Middle East is being exploited and shaped by regional powers and endogenous developments. This study seeks to fill this gap by using the conceptual lens of omnialignment to examine how regional powers are manipulating the return of great‐power competition to advance their own strategic imperatives, both at home and abroad.
Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries: Local and Global Impact
Authors: Shin Sang Yoon , Kim Taehwan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ongoing discoveries of natural‐gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean region significantly affect international relations. Since their viability has been increasingly confirmed, they have attracted public attention in the international energy market. Focusing on current gas production and trading in the Middle East, this paper studies the anticipated impact of gas production in the sea on geopolitical relations in the Middle East and investigates how these results may change the geoeconomic strategies of global energy‐market players as well as nearby countries. In addition, our analyses provide comprehensive insights into the evolution of gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Chronic hypoxia promoted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation through upregulated calcium‐sensing receptorcanonical transient receptor potential 1/6 pathway
Authors: Xu Juan , Wen Xing , Fu Zhenli , Jiang Yongliang , Hong Wei , Liu Rongmin , Li Shaoxing , Cao Weitao , Pu Jinding , Huang Lingmei , Li Bing , Ran Pixin , Peng Gongyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough both calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins contribute to chronic hypoxia (CH)‐induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation, the relationship between CaSR and TRPC in hypoxic PASMCs proliferation remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to identify that CH promotes PASMCs proliferation through CaSR‐TRPC pathway.MethodsRat PASMCs were isolated and treated with CH. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK‐8 assay, and EdU incorporation. CaSR and TRPC expressions were determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was assessed by extracellular Ca2+ restoration.ResultsIn PASMCs, CH enhanced the cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated expression of CaSR, TRPC1 and TRPC6. Negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) inhibited, whereas positive modulators (spermine, R568) enhanced, the CH‐induced increases in cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. Knockdown of CaSR by siRNA inhibited the CH‐induced upregulation of TRPC1 and TRPC6 and enhancement of SOCE and attenuated the CH‐induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs. However, neither siTRPC1 nor siTRPC6 had an effect on the CH‐induced CaSR upregulation, although both significantly attenuated the CH‐induced enhancements of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PASMCs.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that upregulated CaSR‐TRPC1/6 pathway mediating PASMCs proliferation is an important pathogenic mechanism under hypoxic conditions.
The role of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ in the hyperglycemia‐induced ubiquitination and loss of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 in rat retinal endothelial cells
Authors: Eshaq Randa S. , Harris Norman R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of the hyperglycemia‐induced increase in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in the ubiquitination and degradation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) in the diabetic retina.MethodsType I diabetes was induced in rats by the injection of streptozotocin, with age‐matched non‐diabetic rats as controls. Primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells were grown in normal or high glucose media for 6 days or in normal glucose media for 24 h with addition of TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ. PECAM‐1, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and ubiquitin levels were assessed using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, proteasome activity was assessed both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsUnder hyperglycemic conditions, total ubiquitination levels in the retina and RRMECs, and PECAM‐1 ubiquitination levels in RRMECs, were significantly increased. Additionally, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ levels were significantly increased under hyperglycemic conditions. PECAM‐1 levels in RRMECs treated with TNF‐α and/or IFN‐γ were significantly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in proteasome activity in the diabetic retina, hyperglycemic RRMECs, and RRMECs treated with TNF‐α or IFN‐γ.ConclusionTumor necrosis factor‐α and IFN‐γ may contribute to the hyperglycemia‐induced loss of PECAM‐1 in retinal endothelial cells, possibly by upregulating PECAM‐1 ubiquitination.
To relieve pain or avoid opioid‐related risk? A comparison of parents’ analgesic trade‐off preferences and decision‐making in 2019 versus 2013 in a single U.S. pediatric hospital
Authors: Lenko Rachel , Voepel‐Lewis Terri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnalgesic trade‐off preferences, or the relative preference for pain relief vs. risk aversion, shape parents’ decisions to give prescription opioids to their children. These preferences may be influenced by personal experiences and societal factors.AimTo examine whether parental analgesic trade‐off preferences and opioid decision‐making have shifted toward risk aversion during the opioid crisis in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the preoperative survey data of parents from a single U.S. pediatric hospital whose children aged 5–17 years were to undergo painful surgery in 2013 (Time 1) or 2017/2019 (Time 2). Surveys assessed parents’ analgesic trade‐off preference (−12 or risk‐averse to +12 or pain relief preferent, scores around 0=ambivalent) and their hypothetical decisions to give a prescribed opioid to a child in pain.ResultsData from 847 parents were included (Time 1, n = 361; Time 2, n = 486). Parents at Time 2 were significantly more risk‐averse compared with Time 1 (adj.β: −0.84 [95% CI: −1.09, −0.60]). Parents at Time 2 were more than twice as likely to be risk‐averse or ambivalent (OR: 2.17 [95% CI: 1.62, 2.91]). There was a significant interaction effect of Time*Preference on parents’ decision to give the opioid (adj. OR: 1.09 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.16]). At Time 2, parents who were ambivalent or risk‐averse were less likely than those who preferred to relieve pain to administer the prescribed opioid (OR: 0.57 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.89]). In contrast, there was no association between the preference group and the opioid decision at Time 1.ConclusionFindings suggest that parents of children scheduled for painful surgery at our pediatric hospital have become more analgesic risk‐averse during the past decade. Parents’ analgesic trade‐off preferences may influence their decisions to administer prescribed opioids after surgery, which may contribute to children's pain outcomes.
Lucky Ignorance, Modality and Lack of Knowledge
Authors: Piedrahita Oscar A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI argue against the Standard View of ignorance, according to which ignorance is defined as equivalent to lack of knowledge, that cases of environmental epistemic luck, though entailing lack of knowledge, do not necessarily entail ignorance. In support of my argument, I contend that in cases of environmental luck, an agent retains what I call epistemic access to the relevant fact by successfully exercising her epistemic agency and that ignorance and non‐ignorance, contrary to what the Standard View predicts, are not modal in the sense that knowledge is. After responding to objections, I conclude by sketching an alternative account of ignorance centered on the notions of epistemic access and epistemic agency.