bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear variations and tapetum polyploidy related to pollen grain development in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Parteka Letícia M. , Mariath Jorge E. A. , Vanzela André L. L. , Silvério Adriano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTapetal cells comprise an anther tissue fundamental to pollen grain development. They are associated with endoreduplication events, which culminate in polyploid and multinucleated cells, high metabolic activity, and different organelle arrangements to support all the development of the pollen grains. Passiflora species present a secretory tapetum, with diversity in the number and size of nuclei. Tapetal cells undergo numerous changes in a short period of development when compared to the plant's life span. To improve our knowledge of tapetum development, tests assessing ploidy levels, anatomy, cytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, as well as conventional and molecular cytogenetics were used in Passiflora actinia and P. elegans. The current data show striking differences in nuclear organisation during tapetal cell development, including mono to quadrinucleate cells, and ploidy levels from 2n to 32n. One of the most peculiar features was the atypical behaviour of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which accumulated in the cell border, similar to a ‘cER’, as well as large dictyosomes. This endomembrane configuration may be related to the tapetum nutritional network and secretion of compounds at the end of meiosis. Another atypical feature of the ER was the formation of an invagination to establish ‘binucleated’ polyploid cells. This membrane projection appears when the nuclei form two lobes, as well as when it organises a nucleoplasmic reticulum. These data demonstrate that there are important ultrastructural changes in tapetal cells, including organelle arrangements, ploidy levels, and nuclear activity, common to P. actinia and P. elegans, but different from the plant model A. thaliana.
Cumulative risk of a false‐positive screening result: A retrospective cohort study using empirical data from 10 biennial screening rounds in BreastScreen Norway
Authors: Tsuruda Kaitlyn M. , Larsen Marthe , Román Marta , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundFalse‐positive screening results are an inevitable and commonly recognized disadvantage of mammographic screening. This study estimated the cumulative probability of experiencing a first false‐positive screening result in women attending 10 biennial screening rounds in BreastScreen Norway, which targets women aged 50 to 69 years.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed screening outcomes from 421,545 women who underwent 1,894,523 screening examinations during 1995‐2019. Empirical data were used to calculate the cumulative risk of experiencing a first false‐positive screening result and a first false‐positive screening result that involved an invasive procedure over 10 screening rounds. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of adjusting for irregular attendance, age at screening, and number of screens attended.ResultsThe cumulative risk of experiencing a first false‐positive screening result was 18.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.00%‐18.07%). It was 5.01% (95% CI, 5.01%‐5.02%) for experiencing a false‐positive screening result that involved an invasive procedure. Adjusting for irregular attendance or age at screening did not appreciably affect these estimates. After adjustments for the number of screens attended, the cumulative risk of a first false‐positive screening result was 18.28% (95% CI, 18.24%‐18.32%), and the risk of a false‐positive screening result including an invasive procedure was 5.11% (95% CI, 5.11%‐5.22%). This suggested that there was minimal bias from dependent censoring.ConclusionsNearly 1 in 5 women will experience a false‐positive screening result if they attend 10 biennial screening rounds in BreastScreen Norway. One in 20 will experience a false‐positive screening result with an invasive procedure.Lay Summary

A false‐positive screening result occurs when a woman attending mammographic screening is called back for further assessment because of suspicious findings, but the assessment does not detect breast cancer.

Further assessment includes additional imaging. Usually, it involves ultrasound, and sometimes, it involves a biopsy.

This study has evaluated the chance of experiencing a false‐positive screening result among women attending 10 screening examinations over 20 years in BreastScreen Norway.

Nearly 1 in 5 women will experience a false‐positive screening result over 10 screening rounds. One in 20 women will experience a false‐positive screening result involving a biopsy.
The Special Case of the Spectral Emission of a Tb3+ Mono Metal Complex
Authors: Mazzoni M. S. C. , Toledo J. R. , Pereira‐Andrade E. , Krambrock K. , Cury L. A. , Malachias A. , Safar G. A. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe fine structure in the spectral lines of the visible fluorescence of Tb3+ complexes are replaced by a single peak in the case of a singular molecular complex Tb(H3PTC)3, where H4PTC represents perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid, and its emission wavelength depends on the film thickness. This single peak challenges the old creed that the f‐orbital electrons of Tb3+ are always protected from the influence of the surrounding atoms. We perform density functional theory calculations to show that the wavefunction of the ground state is localized and in addition, spin‐polarized, and this facilitates fluorescent transitions under UV to the first excited state instead of the fundamental state. We discuss the possibility of making a spintronic device with the molecule, Tb(H3PTC)3.
Regulation of axon pruning of mossy fiber projection in hippocampus by CRMP2 and CRMP4
Authors: Nakanishi Yurika , Akinaga Satoshi , Osawa Koki , Suzuki Natusmi , Sugeno Ayaka , Kolattukudy Papachan , Goshima Yoshio , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAxon pruning facilitates the removal of ectopic and misguided axons and plays an important role in neural circuit formation during brain development. Sema3F and its receptor neuropilin‐2 (Nrp2) have been shown to be involved in the stereotyped pruning of the infrapyramidal bundle (IPB) of mossy fibers of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the developing hippocampus.Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) were originally identified as an intracellular mediator of semaphorin signaling, and the defective pruning of IPB was recently reported in CRMP2‐/‐ and CRMP3‐/‐ mice. CRMP1 and CRMP4 have high homology to CRMP2 and CRMP3, and their expression in the developing mouse brain overlaps; however, their role in IPB pruning has not yet been examined.In this study, we report that CRMP4, but not CRMP1, is involved in IPB pruning during neural circuit formation in the hippocampus. Our genetic interaction analyses indicated that CRMP2 and CRMP4 have distinct functions and that CRMP2 mediates IPB pruning via Nrp2. We also observed the altered synaptic terminals of mossy fibers in CRMP2 and CRMP4 mutant mice. These results suggest that CRMP family members have a distinct function in the axon pruning and targeting of mossy fibers of the hippocampal DG in the developing mouse brain.
The difference of water footprint and availability as a physical metric for sustainable water use and management
Authors: Naderi Mostafa , Parsa Samaneh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a physical metric that is defined as ‘difference of water footprint and availability in a given region’ during either normal or dry periods, based on blue and green water concepts. Proposed metric quickly highlights water‐stressed regions and directly provides volume of water surplus/deficit in the region of interest. Evaluated green water surplus/deficit for agricultural areas can be applied to assess optimum irrigation water requirement while blue water surplus/deficit can be used to assess potential growth of agricultural‐based economy and sustainable water use and allocation within a watershed. We assessed surplus/deficit volumes of blue and green waters for three watersheds of Karaj, Latian and Mamlu dams located in Tehran and Alborz Provinces of Iran. Blue and green water resources are quantified using well‐calibrated hydrologic model of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool during the period 1995–2013. Results denote that minimum and maximum water deficit occur during wet and dry seasons, respectively. Study area does not experience green water deficit during normal periods, but a few regions encounter green water deficit during droughts. Annual blue water metrics show that one (Subbasin 7) and three subbasins (Subbasins 5–7) are ecological hotspots during normal and dry periods, respectively. Results also indicate that farmers should reduce applied irrigation water from 4.86 to 3.165 (−35%) and 3.4 (−30%) m3/s during normal and dry periods, respectively, while cultivated area (agricultural production) in Karaj, Latian and Mamlu watersheds can, respectively, be increased by 31 (
kg), 52 (
kg) and 31.4 km2 (
kg) during droughts.
Direct solar vapor generation with micro‐3D printed hydrogel device
Authors: Alketbi Afra S. , Raza Aikifa , Sajjad Muhammad , Li Hongxia , AlMarzooqi Faisal , Zhang TieJun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect solar vapor generation (SVG) provides a sustainable and eco‐friendly solution to the current global water scarcity challenges. However, existing SVG systems operating under natural sunlight suffer from low water yield and high energy requirement of vaporization. New materials with reduced latent heat of water vaporization are in urgent demand to boost SVG process. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to additively fabricate anisotropic hybrid 3D structure from photocurable thermoresponsive p(NIPAm‐co‐PEGDA) hydrogel on the top of PEGDA foam for SVG. The in‐situ post‐printing synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles within the p(NIPAm‐co‐PEGDA) hydrogel on the top surface, thus introducing anisotropy, is achieved by adding metallic salt precursor into the printing solution. The as‐fabricated hydrogel composite structure exhibits superior light absorption properties and rapid capillary‐driven water transport through a 3D‐printed microchannel network within the hydrogel. As a result, our SVG device achieves an extraordinary water evaporation rate of 5.12 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun (1 kW/m2). The intrinsic water activation states, in addition to wettability modulation with temperature increase within p(NIPAm‐co‐PEGDA) hydrogel, plays a critical role in reducing the equivalent vaporization enthalpy and shifting the vaporization to relatively lower temperatures. The proposed hybrid SVG device is feasible, portable, and highly efficient, promising great potential for grand water‐energy nexus challenges.image
Performance and feasibility study of a new hybrid solar water heater integrated a small water turbine
Authors: Habchi Abderrahim , Hartiti Bouchaib , Labrim Hicham , Fadili Salah , Ertugrul Mehmet , Faddouli Ali , El Hajjam Nablous , Thevenin Philippe , Ntsoenzok Esidor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe production of thermal energy by solar water heater (SWH) systems is an idea, which has been analyzed and applied for many years. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a new hybrid SWH, in which two tubular thermoelectric generators (TTEGs) and a small water turbine are used to generate more additional electrical energy. The small water turbine is installed between the outlet of the four absorber tubes and the inlet of the water tank in order to generate more electrical energy from the cold‐water motion. Furthermore, the use of a temperature adjustment concept and an optical concentrator shows many significant improvements on the thermal and electrical performance of the new system. Our main results shows that the overall maximum electrical power of two TTEGs was approximately 348.073 W, corresponding to 2.72% of their overall maximum electrical efficiency. Also, the maximum thermal efficiency of the new system reached to 86.09% with an overall hot water quantity of 1548.57 L/d. The electrical energy produced by the small water turbine is about 89.467 W for a cold‐water flow rate of 3 kg/s.
South American geoarchaeology: Contributions after the 21st National Chilean Archaeology Conference
Authors: Sitzia Luca , Ugalde Paula C. , Holliday Vance T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this special issue, articles include research from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay, plus a special paper from the United States of America. Several of the articles are from Chilean scientists and/or focus on Chilean geoarchaeology and are intended to reflect the spirit of the symposium carried out during the Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena 2018 (National Chilean Archaeology Conference). The topics, techniques, and research questions of the articles in this special issue are varied, but we have recognized four main themes that are common and encompass all the contributions: (1) Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene human settlement or migration; (2) pre‐Hispanic soil use and conservation; (3) monumental landscape modification—shell middens and mounds; and (4) bioarchaeology and mobility.
Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of chemoradiation regimens for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma primary treatment
Authors: McCusker Michael G. , Mehra Ranee , Amr Sania , Taylor Rodney J. , Cullen Kevin J. , Goloubeva Olga G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe best chemoradiation regimen to treat locally and regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is yet to be established.MethodsWe compared overall survival (OS) and adverse events following chemoradiation regimens (high‐dose [HDC] or low‐dose [LDC] cisplatin, or carboplatin [CB]) in HNSCC cases selected from SEER‐Medicare linked database.ResultsOf the 1335 cases who underwent radiotherapy, 264 received HDC, 259 received LDC, and 353 received CB, concurrently. Compared to chemoradiation with HDC, using LDC or CB, or radiotherapy alone were associated with an increasingly worse OS; hazard ratios were 1.33, p = 0.03; 1.35, p = 0.02; and 2.12, p < 0.001; respectively. There were no differences in the rates of adverse events between the three chemoradiation regimens.ConclusionChemoradiation regimen using HDC appears to be the best primary treatment for locally and regionally advanced HNSCC. Nonetheless, prospective large studies are warranted to further determine its absolute benefit.
Frequent cyclic variation of heart rate is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients without ischemia
Authors: Yaegashi Takanori , Nakano Manabu , Murata Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) associated with sleep‐disordered breathing reflects cardiac autonomic responses to apneic/hypoxic stress. However, the association of CVHR with cardiac function is unclear.MethodsWe investigated a total of 181 patients who underwent both 24‐hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) and quantitative gated single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial functional imaging, excluding patients with atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, structural heart disease, and implantable devices, from January 2017 to July 2018. The number of CVHR per hour (CVHR index) in sleeping‐time Holter ECG was compared with the parameters of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions assessed by cardiac SPECT functional imaging, peak filling rate (PFR), first‐third mean filling rate (1/3 MFR), and time to peak filling rate (TTPF).ResultsIn all patients, the CVHR index was not associated with any parameters of cardiac functions. However, in a propensity score–matched subgroup of patients without ischemia (N = 39), the CVHR index was negatively correlated with PFR (r = −0.35, P < .05) and 1/3 MFR (r = −0.37, P < .05) but positively correlated with TTPF (r = 0.43, P < .01) and was not correlated with LV ejection fraction. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that high CVHR index was independently associated with LV diastolic dysfunction, even after adjusting for the relative wall thickness and LV mass index assessed by echocardiography.ConclusionThese results indicate that the high frequency of CVHR in sleeping time is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction in nonischemic patients, irrespective of LV geometry.
Grade classification of human glioma using a convolutional neural network based on mid‐infrared spectroscopy mapping
Authors: Peng Wenyu , Chen Shuo , Kong Dongsheng , Zhou Xiaojie , Lu Xiaoyun , Chang Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the grade classification of human glioma by using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopic mappings. Through data augmentation of pixels recombination, the mappings in the training set increased almost 161 times relative to the original mappings. The pixels of the recombined mappings in the training set came from all of the one‐dimensional (1D) vibrational spectroscopy of 62 (almost 80% of all 77 patients) patients at specific bands. Compared with the performance of the CNN‐CAD system based on the 1D vibrational spectroscopy, we found that the mean diagnostic accuracy of the recombined MIR spectroscopic mappings at peaks of 2917 cm−1, 1539 cm−1 and 1234 cm−1 on the test set performed higher and the model also had more stable patterns. This research demonstrates that two‐dimensional MIR mapping at a single frequency can be used by the CNN‐CAD system for diagnosis and the research also gives a prompt that the mapping collection process can be replaced by a single‐frequency IR imaging system, which is cheaper and more portable than a Fourier transform infrared microscopy and thus may be widely utilized in hospitals to provide meaningful assistance for pathologists in clinics.
Extracellular vesicles derived from tumour cells as a trigger of energy crisis in the skeletal muscle
Authors: Pin Fabrizio , Beltrà Marc , Garcia‐Castillo Lorena , Pardini Barbara , Birolo Giovanni , Matullo Giuseppe , Penna Fabio , Guttridge Denis , Costelli Paola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCachexia, a syndrome frequently occurring in cancer patients, is characterized by muscle wasting, altered energy and protein metabolism and impaired myogenesis. Tumour‐derived microvesicles (TMVs) containing proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and non‐coding RNAs could contribute to cancer‐induced muscle wasting.MethodsDifferential ultracentrifugation was used to isolate TMVs from the conditioned medium of Lewis lung carcinoma and C26 colon carcinoma cell cultures. TMVs were added to the culture medium of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes for 24–48–72 h, and the effects on protein and energy metabolism were assessed. TMVs were also isolated from the blood of C26‐bearing mice. MicroRNA (miR) profile of TMVs was obtained by RNA‐seq and validated by digital drop PCR. Selected miRs were overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts to assess the effects on myogenic differentiation.ResultsDifferentiation was delayed in C2C12 myoblasts exposed to TMVs, according to reduced expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC; about 62% of controls at Day 4) and myogenin (about 68% of controls at Day 4). As for myotubes, TMVs did not affect the expression of MyHC, while revealed able to modulate mitochondria and oxidative metabolism. Indeed, reduced mRNA levels of PGC‐1α (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.57 ± 0.06, normalized fold change, P < 0.05) and Cytochrome C (C = 1 ± 0.2, TMV = 0.65 ± 0.04, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), associated with increased BNIP3 expression (C = 1 ± 0.1, TMV = 1.29 ± 0.2, normalized fold change, P < 0.05), were observed, suggesting reduced mitochondrial biogenesis/amount and enhanced mitophagy. These changes were paralleled by decreased oxygen consumption (C = 686.9 ± 44 pmol/min, TMV = 552.25 ± 24 pmol/min, P < 0.01) and increased lactate levels (C = 0.0063 ± 0.00045 nmol/μL, TMV = 0.0094 ± 0.00087 nmol/μL, P < 0.01). A total of 118 miRs were found in MVs derived from the plasma of the C26 hosts; however, only three of them were down‐regulated (RNA‐seq): miR‐181a‐5p (−1.46 fold change), miR‐375‐3p (−2.52 fold change), and miR‐455‐5p (−3.87 fold change). No correlation could be observed among miRs in the MVs obtained from the blood of the C26 host and those released by C26 cells in the culture medium. Overexpression of miR‐148a‐3p and miR‐181a‐5p in C2C12 myoblasts revealed the ability to impinge on the mRNA levels of Myf5, Myog, and MyHC (Myh4 and Myh7).ConclusionsThese results show that in C2C12 cultures, TMVs are able to affect both differentiation and the mitochondrial system. Such effects could be related to TMV‐contained miRs.
Reevaluation of statistically significant meta‐analyses in advanced cancer patients using the Hartung–Knapp method and prediction intervals—A methodological study
Authors: Siemens Waldemar , Meerpohl Joerg J. , Rohe Miriam S. , Buroh Sabine , Schwarzer Guido , Becker Gerhild 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing the Hartung–Knapp method and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) in random‐effects meta‐analyses is recommended by experts but rarely applied. Therefore, we aimed to reevaluate statistically significant meta‐analyses using the Hartung–Knapp method and 95% PIs. In this methodological study, three databases were searched from January 2010 to July 2019. We included systematic reviews reporting a statistically significant meta‐analysis of at least four randomized controlled trials in advanced cancer patients using either a fixed‐effect or random‐effects model. We investigated the impact of switching from fixed‐effect to random‐effects meta‐analysis and of using the recommended Hartung–Knapp method in random‐effects meta‐analyses. Furthermore, we calculated 95% PIs for all included meta‐analyses. We identified 6234 hits, of which 261 statistically significant meta‐analyses were included. Our recalculations of these 261 meta‐analyses produced statistically significant results in 132 of 138 fixed‐effect and 114 of 123 random‐effects meta‐analyses. When switching to a random‐effects model, 19 of 132 fixed‐effect meta‐analyses (14.4%) were no longer statistically significant. Using the Hartung–Knapp method in random‐effects meta‐analyses resulted in 34 of 114 nonsignificant meta‐analyses (29.8%). In the full sample (N = 261), the null effect was included by the 95% PI in 195 (74.7%) and the opposite effect (e.g., hazard ratio 0.5, opposite effect 2) in 98 meta‐analyses (37.5%). Using the Hartung–Knapp method and PIs substantially influenced the interpretation of many published, statistically significant meta‐analyses. We strongly encourage researchers to check if using the Hartung–Knapp method and reporting 95% PIs is appropriate in random‐effects meta‐analyses.