bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the factors of social currency for social media marketing strategy
Authors: Mishra Yog , Singh Anurag 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDynamism has been the key to the success and popularity of social media, and users always try to adapt to the available new changes. Continuous growth in the access and reach of social media in the past decade has enabled the users to make a calculative assessment of their social media usage. Social currency is a phenomenon that helps the customer in their evaluation of social media usage. However, this concept is still in its infancy phase, and there have been hitherto no studies to understand the influence of social currency dimensions on Indian users. This paper aims to study the dimensions of social currency for a better insight into social media usage of Indian customers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 384 respondents from the biggest residential university in Varanasi through a structured questionnaire using the snowball sampling technique. Responses were taken on a seven-point Likert scale. Responses were analyzed by the factor analysis method using the maximum likelihood estimation model.FindingsThe result of this study empirically demonstrated that six dimensions, i.e. conversation, information, utility, affiliation, advocacy and identity, constitute the social currency of the user while browsing social media sites. It was also found that among the factors described above, advocacy emerged as the most influential dimension of social currency for Indian users, followed by identity and affiliation.Practical implicationsThe findings have various managerial implications for the firms that want to have a significant social media presence. These findings can help marketers to design a tailored social media campaign for Indian users in an efficient manner by successfully incorporating the aforesaid social currency dimensions in their strategy.Social implicationsThis study also reflects the societal impact of the dimensions of social currency on Indian users, as any change in the usage of social media can have a long-lasting effect on the mood of the people. The influence of the social currency dimension differs significantly in the context of Indian users compared to the existing literature, as they give more value to the behavioural aspect of the social currency (advocacy, identity and affiliation), strengthening the sense of belongings among the members.Originality/valueThis paper highlights, for the first time, the level of influence social currency dimensions have on Indian users, as there have been hitherto no studies to understand the influence of social currency dimensions on Indian users. Another significant contribution of this research is the empirical validation of the social currency determinants. Thus, this study may contribute to the social media strategy of the firm for Indian users by incorporating the social currency dimension, as discussed in the study.
Exploring the consequences of COVID-19 on tourist behaviors: perceived travel risk, animosity and intentions to travel
Authors: Abraham Villy , Bremser Kerstin , Carreno Mercedes , Crowley-Cyr Lynda , Moreno Maria 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to report on the findings emerging from an international study focused on the COVID-19 pandemic impact on travel attitudes and behavioral intentions .Design/methodology/approachAn online survey created with SurveyMonkey was distributed to a sample of 216 international travelers who were at least 18 years of age.FindingsThe findings suggest that attribution theory (locus of control) may account for international travel. Individuals attributing the spread of COVID-19 to their own countries (internal locus of control) are more likely to travel abroad. Statistically significant differences are observed between various generational cohorts concerning perceived travel risk, domestic and international travel.Originality/valueThe impact of a health crisis on domestic and international travels conceptualized in a single model is absent from the literature. The authors propose a model to account for the influence of pandemics on tourists’ attitudes and intentions to travel and whether attribution of blame influences travel destination choices (domestic or international).
Plant holobiont interactions mediated by the type VI secretion system and the membrane vesicles: promising tools for a greener agriculture
Authors: Borrero de Acuña José Manuel , Bernal Patricia 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA deeper understanding of the complex relationship between plants and their microbiota is allowing researchers to appreciate a plethora of possibilities to improve crops using chemical‐free alternatives based on beneficial microorganisms. An increase in crop yield from the promotion of plant growth or even simultaneous protection of the plants from the attack of phytopathogens can be achieved in the presence of different plant‐associated microorganisms known as plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents (BCAs), respectively. Thus, the study of the great diversity of plant‐microbe and microbe‐microbe interactions is an attention‐grabbing topic covering studies of interactions since the plant seed and through all developmental stages, from root to shoot. The intricate communication systems that plant holobionts co‐evolved has resulted in many different strategies and interplays between these organisms shaping the bacterial communities and the plant fitness simultaneously. Herein, we emphasize two understudied delivery systems existing in plant‐associated bacteria: the type VI secretion system (T6SS) and the membrane vesicles with a huge potential to boost a highly demanded and necessary green agriculture.
Spatial and temporal distribution of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria: key functional groups in biological soil crusts
Authors: Tang Kai , Yuan Bo , Jia Lijuan , Pan Xin , Feng Fuying , Jin Ke 
Published: March 2021

SummarySeveral significant ecosystem services are performed by biological soil crusts (BSCs) in drylands, wherein photoautotrophic microorganisms are commonly critical contributors. However, aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) are rarely reported in BSCs, despite being the second major branch of Earth's phototrophic microbes. Here, we collected different types of BSCs and their subsoils from temperate deserts, investigated distributions of AAnPB communities among BSCs using cultivation and high‐throughput sequencing approaches, predicted keystone species by co‐occurrence network analysis, and verified their effects on BSCs formation through microcosm experiments. The absolute abundances and diversity of AAnPB were higher in BSCs and were closely related with BSCs successional stages, as well as soil organic carbon contents. AAnPB communities in both BSCs and their subsoils were dominated by Proteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, specifically Acetobacteraceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Roseiflexaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Caulobacteraceae families. Mean annual precipitation, pH and available nutrients were the primary factors that shaped AAnPB community structures. The predicted keystone species belonged to the families Acetobacteraceae, Rhodospirillaceae and Sphingomonadanceae. Microcosm experiments demonstrated that inoculation with strains from the three families greatly accelerated the formation and development of BSCs. These observations suggest that AAnPB are likely important functional groups in BSCs that significantly contribute to their formation and important ecosystem services.
The Long March Through Whitehall: A Comment on Lowe and Pemberton, The Official History of the British Civil Service, Volume II: 1982–1997
Authors: Theakston Kevin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Thatcher‐Major ‘permanent revolution’ massively changed the British civil service and Whitehall. The political clout provided by strong prime ministerial backing was a key factor in sustaining the momentum of change over the 1980s and 1990s. The process of change developed piecemeal, in a step‐by‐step and, in some ways, even haphazard fashion, with ‘New Right’ ideology just one factor. Economic and financial constraints were important in driving and sustaining the Whitehall efficiency drives and managerial reforms of the period. Support from managerially minded insiders and skilful prime ministerial businessmen advisers brought in from outside were also crucial. In contrast, the Johnson government's approach to civil service reform may be self‐defeating if it creates too much instability and needless strife, rather than building on ideas and building up support at different levels from within Whitehall itself.
Simulating Hydrological Responses of Integrated Crop‐Livestock Systems under Future Climate Changes in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Bawa Arun , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Juan D. , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLand use land cover (LULC) and climate are the determinant factors for the soil water balance. The combined effect of LULC and climate change is of great importance for effective water resources planning and management. This study assessed the hydrological impact of long‐term implementation of integrated crop‐livestock (ICL) system with the projected climate scenarios on water yield using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model over two time periods (i.e., near future [2021–2050] and far future [2070–2099]). This study was conducted in three phases over Skunk Creek watershed (SCW), South Dakota. In phase I, the impact of long‐term ICL system implementation (1976–2005; 30 years) on soil hydrology was evaluated. Phase II and phase III evaluated the impacts of projected climate changes under existing land cover and ICL system, respectively. Outcomes of phase I showed a significant decrease in water yield and surface runoff. Phase II showed the susceptibility of SCW to extreme events such as floods and waterlogging during spring, and droughts during summers under the projected climate changes. Phase III showed the reduction in water yield and surface runoff due to the ICL system and minimizing the induced detrimental impacts only due to climate change. This study provides a perspective on the possible impacts of the ICL system to mitigate the hydrological alteration due to climate change.
Satellite‐Based Drought Reporting on the Navajo Nation
Authors: McCullum A.J.K. , McClellan C. , Daudert B. , Huntington J. , Green R. , Ly V. , Marley A.R.G. , Tulley N.R. , Morton C. , Hegewisch K.C. , Abatzoglou J.T. , McEvoy D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn data scarce regions of the world, co‐produced management tools that combine remote sensing, modeled, and in situ data provide the information needed to support ground‐based monitoring systems for improved water and natural resource management. On the Navajo Nation (N.N.), in the Four Corners of the southwestern United States, there is a need for data‐driven management of water resources as the region is prone to water scarcity and emergency drought declarations, which have become more common under a changing climate. The current tools used by the N.N. Department of Water Resources largely lack the spatial detail, consistent measurements, and political and administrative information specific to their needs for determining appropriate response actions. The Drought Severity Evaluation Tool (DSET), a cloud‐based web application that harnesses the capabilities of Google Earth Engine, is a user‐friendly tool that pairs remotely sensed, modeled, and in situ data on the N.N. The DSET computing capabilities include on‐the‐fly generation of regional to field scale maps, time series figures, and reporting metrics that can assist in drought emergency declarations and the assistance to local communities through the subsequent allocation of relief dollars across the N.N. to the regions that need it most.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for an octogenarian with pulmonary carcinosarcoma
Authors: Huang Wei‐Lun , Huang Yu‐Ling , Kao Chieh‐Ni , Liu Yu‐Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare lung tumor accounting for <1% of primary lung cancers, characterized by biphasic components with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous mesenchymal features. This report describes a case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma in an octogenarian who was treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and whose therapeutic response was sustained for 2 years. Along with other treatment modalities, SBRT might be considered for the treatment of medically inoperable localized stage pulmonary carcinosarcoma.
Sex differences in cholinergic circuits and behavioral disruptions following chronic ethanol exposure with and without thiamine deficiency
Authors: Kipp Brian T. , Nunes Polliana T. , Savage Lisa M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated differences in the vulnerabilities of males and females to alcohol use disorder and alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD). According to epidemiological and clinical findings, females appear to be more sensitive to the effects of alcohol and thiamine deficiency and have a worse prognosis in recovery from neurocognitive deficits compared with males. This study aimed to characterize the effects of chronic ethanol (EtOH) toxicity and thiamine deficiency across the sexes using rodent models.MethodsMale and female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to chronic forced EtOH treatment (CET), pyrithiamine‐induced thiamine deficiency (PTD), combined CET‐PTD, or pair‐fed (PF) control treatment conditions. Following treatments, spatial working memory was assessed during a spontaneous alternation task while measuring acetylcholine (ACh) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). The animals also underwent an operant‐based attentional set‐shifting task (ASST) for the analysis of behavioral flexibility.ResultsFemale and male rats did not differ in terms of EtOH consumption; however, the CET and CET‐PTD‐treated female rats had lower BECs than male rats. Compared with the PF group, the CET, PTD, and CET‐PTD groups exhibited spatial working memory impairments with corresponding reductions in ACh efflux in the PFC and HPC. The ASST revealed that CET‐PTD‐treated males and females displayed impairments marked by increased latency to make decisions. Thalamic shrinkage was prominent only in the CET‐PTD and PTD treatment conditions, but no sex‐specific effects were observed.ConclusionsAlthough the CET and CET‐PTD‐treated females had lower BECs than the males, they demonstrated similar cognitive impairments. These results provide evidence that female rats experience behavioral and neurochemical disruptions at lower levels of alcohol exposure than males and that chronic EtOH and thiamine deficiencies produce a unique behavioral profile.
Differential cytotoxicity, ER/oxidative stress, dysregulated AMPKα signaling, and mitochondrial stress by ethanol and its metabolites in human pancreatic acinar cells
Authors: Srinivasan Mukund P. , Bhopale Kamlesh K. , Caracheo Anna A. , Kaphalia Lata , Loganathan Gopalakrishnan , Balamurugan Appakalai N. , Rastellini Cristiana , Kaphalia Bhupendra S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) is a serious inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreatic gland. A previous study from this laboratory showed that ethanol (EtOH) causes cytotoxicity, dysregulates AMPKα and ER/oxidative stress signaling, and induces inflammatory responses in primary human pancreatic acinar cells (hPACs). Here we examined the differential cytotoxicity of EtOH and its oxidative (acetaldehyde) and nonoxidative (fatty acid ethyl esters; FAEEs) metabolites in hPACs was examined to understand the metabolic basis and mechanism of ACP.MethodsWe evaluated concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity, AMPKα inactivation, ER/oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in hPACs by incubating them for 6 h with EtOH, acetaldehyde, or FAEEs at clinically relevant concentrations reported in alcoholic subjects using conventional methods. Cellular bioenergetics (mitochondrial stress and a real‐time ATP production rate) were determined using Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer in AR42J cells treated with acetaldehyde or FAEEs.ResultsWe observed concentration‐dependent increases in LDH release, inactivation of AMPKα along with upregulation of ACC1 and FAS (key lipogenic proteins), downregulation of p‐LKB1 (an oxidative stress‐sensitive upstream kinase regulating AMPKα) and CPT1A (involved in β‐oxidation of fatty acids) in hPACs treated with EtOH, acetaldehyde, or FAEEs. Concentration‐dependent increases in oxidative stress and ER stress as measured by GRP78, unspliced XBP1, p‐eIF2α, and CHOP along with activation of p‐JNK1/2, p‐ERK1/2, and p‐P38MAPK were present in cells treated with EtOH, acetaldehyde, or FAEEs, respectively. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the total ATP production rate with subsequent mitochondrial stress in AR42J cells treated with acetaldehyde and FAEEs.ConclusionsEtOH and its metabolites, acetaldehyde and FAEEs, caused cytotoxicity, ER/oxidative and mitochondrial stress, and dysregulated AMPKα signaling, suggesting a key role of EtOH metabolism in the etiopathogenesis of ACP. Because oxidative EtOH metabolism is negligible in the exocrine pancreas, the pathogenesis of ACP could be attributable to the formation of FAEEs and related pancreatic acinar cell injury.
The intermediary role of adolescent temperamental and behavioral traits on the prospective associations between polygenic risk and cannabis use among young adults of European Ancestry
Authors: Brick Leslie A. , Benca-Bachman Chelsie E. , Bertin Lauren , Martin Kathleen P. , Risner Victoria , Palmer Rohan H. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use (CU) is an etiologically complex behavior with several social, temperamental, neurocognitive, and behavioral precursors. Biometrical and molecular studies suggest an interplay of environmental and pleiotropic influences. However, it remains unclear whether identified genetic effects related to behavioral and temperamental characteristics have developmentally direct or indirect mechanisms on CU behavior. The Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) is a measure of continuous liability based on developmental precursors of substance use disorders. This study aimed to examine if the TLI plays a role in understanding genetic risk for CU behaviors.DesignGenome‐wide association studies (n > 10 000; European Ancestry [EA]) of CU, risk tolerance, neuroticism, anxiety, and depression were used to construct polygenic scores (PGSs). Analyses assessed whether PGSs indirectly impacted risk for repeated use via TLI.SettingUnited States of America.ParticipantsFrom Add Health study, 4077 individuals of EA age 11 to 21 during baseline interview collection.MeasurementsOutcomes were initiation and repeated cannabis use (>5× in lifetime). The TLI was parameterized using a latent factor from 21 questions assessing for precursors of disordered use.FindingsThe marker‐based heritability of TLI, initiation, and repeated use were significant, but modest (14%, P = 0.033; 15%, P = 0.025; and 17%, P = 0.008, respectively). TLI and repeated use were genetically correlated (rg = 0.76, P = 0.033). The PGS for CU was associated with increased risk for repeated use and PGS for risk tolerance and depression were associated with TLI. Mediation analyses indicated significant, but very weak, indirect effects of PGS for risk tolerance and depression on repeated CU via the TLI.ConclusionsAdolescent behavioral and temperamental characteristics (i.e. the Transmissible Liability Index) appear to be early indicators of repeated cannabis use in adulthood. Although polygenic scores for cannabis use directly increased risk for repeated cannabis use, weak evidence was found for the role of polygenic scores of other internalizing/externalizing traits acting through adolescent derived Transmissible Liability Index on cannabis use behavior.
Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Farha Aline Herrera , da Silva Jeana Pereira , Bete Stela Bonadia de Souza , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline , Schimming Bruno Cesar 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe aim of this study was to identify the anatomical structures in the head region of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) using computed tomography. For this, three giant anteater corpses, adult and female, were used. The tomographic analysis was performed in sequential order in rostrocaudal direction. Subsequently, the heads of these animals were sectioned in cross sections of approximately 1.5 cm each. Tomographic images were compared with anatomical sections. The association between computed tomography and anatomical sections allowed the visualization of anatomical structures found in the nasal, oral, cranial, pharyngeal and ear cavities. An elongated oral cavity delimited by the elongated mandible was observed. The oral cavity was mainly occupied by a thin and elongated tongue formed mainly by the union of the sternoglossal muscles. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extended up to the neck at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. The findings of this study suggest that the giant anteater has a head with structures morphologically adapted to its feeding habits, such as an elongated skull, tongue, styloid bones and mandible. In addition, based on the results of this study, it is possible to suggest that computed tomography is a pivotal tool for the veterinary routine of wild animals, since it allowed the identification of anatomical structures found in the head of the giant anteater.
Long‐term relapse rates after cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depressive disorders among older adults: A follow‐up study during COVID‐19
Authors: Johnco Carly J. , Chen Jessamine T. H. , Muir Courtney , Strutt Paul , Dawes Piers , Siette Joyce , Dias Cintia Botelha , Hillebrandt Heidi , Maurice Olivia , Wuthrich Viviana M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the long‐term symptom relapse rates among older adults previously treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for anxiety and/or depression during COVID‐19.MethodsParticipants were 37 older adults (M = 75 years, SD = 5; 65% female) previously treated with CBT for anxiety and/or unipolar depression who were re‐assessed an average of 5.6 years later, during the first Australian COVID‐19 lockdown.ResultsOn average, there was no significant group‐level change in anxiety, depression or quality of life. When assessing change in symptoms based on clinical cut‐off points on self‐report measures, results suggest only 17%‐22% showed a relapse of symptoms by the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsFindings suggest that CBT may be protective in coping with life stressors many years after treatment ends. However, results warrant replication to attribute continued symptom improvement to CBT given the lack of control group.
Left ventricular assist device inflow cannula implantation: Why a “Step sideways” technique can be helpful
Authors: Loardi Claudia , Ricciardi Gabriella , Zanobini Marco , Vermes Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreservation of right ventricle vascularization that is dependent on left coronary network collateral development is essential during left ventricular assist device implantation to avoid postoperative right heart failure. Our technique was performed on a patient who underwent implantation as a bridge to transplantation; the technique is characterized by providing a moderate lateral and inferior displacement of the inflow cannula position, which achieves both the objectives of respecting the apical course of a left anterior descending coronary artery supplying an occluded right coronary and of maintaining a sufficient orientation degree toward the plane of the mitral valve for correct left ventricular unloading.