bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and experimental validation of covalent immobilization of Trametes maxima laccase on glyoxyl and MANA‐Sepharose CL 4B supports, for the use in bioconversion of residual colorants
Authors: Cutiño‐Avila Bessy V. , Sánchez‐López María I. , Cárdenas‐Moreno Yosberto , González‐Durruthy Michael , Ramos‐Leal Miguel , Guerra‐Rivera Gilda , González‐Bacerio Jorge , Guisán José M. , Ruso Juan M. , del Monte‐Martínez Alberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur novel strategy for the rational design of immobilized derivatives (RDID) is directed to predict the behavior of the protein immobilized derivative before its synthesis, by the usage of mathematic algorithms and bioinformatics tools. However, this approach needs to be validated for each target enzyme. The objective of this work was to validate the RDID strategy for covalent immobilization of the enzyme laccase from Trametes maxima MUCL 44155 on glyoxyl‐ and monoaminoethyl‐N‐aminoethyl (MANA)‐Sepharose CL 4B supports. Protein surface clusters, more probable configurations of the protein–supports systems at immobilization pHs, immobilized enzyme activity, and protein load were predicted by RDID1.0 software. Afterward, immobilization was performed and predictions were experimentally confirmed. As a result, the laccase‐MANA‐Sepharose CL 4B immobilized derivative is better than laccase‐glyoxyl‐Sepharose CL 4B in predicted immobilized derivative activity (63.6% vs. 29.5%). Activity prediction was confirmed by an experimentally expressed enzymatic activity of 68%, using 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol as substrate. Experimental maximum protein load matches the estimated value (11.2 ± 1.3 vs. 12.1 protein mg/support mL). The laccase‐MANA‐Sepharose CL 4B biocatalyst has a high specificity for the acid blue 62 colorant. The results obtained in this work suggest the possibility of using this biocatalyst for wastewater treatment.
Predictable increase in female reproductive window: A simple model connecting age of reproduction, menopause, and longevity
Authors: Innan Hideki , Vaiman Daniel , Veitia Reiner A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing lifespan along with societal changes, women can marry and procreate later than in previous centuries. However, pathogenic genetic variants segregating in the population can lead to female subfertility or infertility well before the average age of normal menopause, leading to counter‐selection of such deleterious alleles. In reviewing this field, we speculate that a logical consequence would be the later occurrence of menopause and the extension of women's reproductive lifespan. We illustrate this point with a simple model that applies to other variants that contribute to female infertility, including epigenetic variation. We also consider the effect of medical interventions and lifestyle.
Integrated process development: The key to improve Fab production in E. coli
Authors: Fink Mathias , Schimek Clemens , Cserjan‐Puschmann Monika , Reinisch Daniela , Brocard Cécile , Hahn Rainer , Striedner Gerald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBioprocess development and optimization is a challenging, costly, and time‐consuming effort. In this multidisciplinary task, upstream processing (USP) and downstream processing (DSP) are conventionally considered distinct disciplines. This consideration fosters “one‐way” optimization disregarding interdependencies between unit operations; thus, the full potential of the process chain cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate USP and DSP process development to provide balanced biotechnological production processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate how different host/secretory signal/antigen binding fragment (Fab) combinations in E. coli expression systems influence USP, primary recovery performance and the final product quality. We ran identical fed‐batch cultivations with 16 different expression clones to study growth and product formation kinetics, as well as centrifugation efficiency, viscosity, extracellular DNA, and endotoxin content, important parameters in DSP. We observed a severe influence on cell growth, product titer, extracellular product, and cell lysis, accompanied by a significant impact on the analyzed parameters of DSP performance. Our results provide the basis for future research on integrated process development considering interdependencies between USP and DSP; however, individual products need to be considered specifically. These interdependencies need to be understood for rational decision‐making and efficient process development in research and industry.
The development of the human vaginal fornix and the portio cervicis
Authors: Fritsch Helga , Auer Ramona , Hörmann Romed , Pechriggl Elisabeth , Regauer Sigrid , Reich Olaf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionOne of the transitional zones of the human body is situated in the cervix uteri. The developmental differentiation of epithelial and stromal characteristics in such a region is of high clinical interest. However, few studies have focused on the development of this region, and information in anatomical and clinical textbooks is limited. We therefore examined the development of the human vaginal fornix and the cervix uteri during prenatal development.Materials and MethodsWe examined 29 female embryos and fetuses between 20 and 34 weeks and two newborns using histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe characteristic shape of the portiocervicis and the vaginal fornix first became visible in mid‐term fetuses because of the different muscular coats and of an uncategorized Müllerian‐derived epithelium, which was rapidly replaced by a multilayered squamous epithelium. Only thereafter, in older fetuses, were there organogenetic differentiation of the epithelia and the underlying stroma of the cervical canal. UGS‐derived p63/CK17‐positive cells could be identified as precursor cells for the squamous epithelium, and Müllerian‐derived CK7‐positive cells for the columnar‐type epithelium. Both cell types and different stromal zones were already present in a prenatal transformation zone. Initial functional differentiation could be observed in perinatal stages.ConclusionsOur results on prenatal human development strongly support the view that two different cell lineages meet at the transitional zone of the cervix uteri and that these lineages depend on alternative signals from the underlying stromal compartment.
Differential diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis from asthma by 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography
Authors: Ono Mariko , Maeda Yuki , Koyama Nobuyuki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Aoshiba Kazutetsu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbout a half of all patients with relapsing polychondritis show airway involvement, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality from this disease. FDG‐PET/CT is useful in the differential diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis from asthma.
Performance Study of MXene/Carbon Nanotube Composites for Current Collector‐ and Binder‐Free Mg–S Batteries
Authors: Kaland Henning , Håskjold Fagerli Frode , Hadler‐Jacobsen Jacob , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Fichtner Maximilian , Wiik Kjell , Wagner Nils P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe realization of sustainable and cheap Mg‐S batteries depends on significant improvements in cycling stability. Building on the immense research on cathode optimization from Li‐S batteries, for the first time a beneficial role of MXenes for Mg‐S batteries is reported. Through a facile, low‐temperature vacuum‐filtration technique, several novel current collector‐ and binder‐free cathode films were developed, with either dipenthamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide (PMTT) or S8 nanoparticles as the source of redox‐active sulfur. The importance of combining MXene with a high surface area co‐host material, such as carbon nanotubes, was demonstrated. A positive effect of MXenes on the average voltage and reduced self‐discharge was also discovered. Ascribed to the rich polar surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx MXene, an almost doubling of the discharge capacity (530 vs. 290 mA h g−1) was achieved by using MXene as a polysulfide‐confining interlayer, obtaining a capacity retention of 83 % after 25 cycles.
Synthesis, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Bis‐ and Tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)tetrathiafulvalenes Extended with an Anthraquinoid Spacer
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Henmi Keisuke , Handa Ayaka , Kagawa Kohei , Shirahata Takashi , Misaki Yohji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBis‐ and tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)tetrathiafulvalenes extended with an anthraquinoid spacer were successfully synthesized. X‐ray structure analysis revealed that the phosphorus atoms adopt the typical distorted tetrahedral geometry. Their average C−P−C angles and phosphorus−carbon distances resemble those of diphenylphosphino‐substituted TTF derivatives. The cyclic voltammograms consisted of one pair of irreversible, simultaneous two‐electron transfer waves. A combination of cyclic voltammetry experiments and DFT calculations suggested the coexistence of two different reduction processes depending on the scan rate.
Late‐onset and nonlate‐onset schizophrenia: A comparison of clinical characteristics in a multicenter study
Authors: Abou Kassm Sandra , Limosin Frédéric , Naja Wadih , Vandel Pierre , Sánchez‐Rico Marina , Alvarado Jesús M. , von Gunten Armin , Hoertel Nicolas ,   CSA Study group
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesData are scarce regarding the potential clinical differences between non‐late onset schizophrenia (NLOS, i.e., disorder occurring before 40 years of age), late‐onset schizophrenia (LOS, occurring between ages 40 and 60 years) and very‐late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis (VLOSLP, occurring after 60 years of age). Furthermore, previous research compared LOS patients with non‐age matched NLOS patients. In this study, we sought to examine potential clinical differences between patients of similar age with LOS and NLOS.Methods/DesignThis is a cross‐sectional multicentre study that recruited in‐ and outpatients older adults (aged ≥55 years) with an ICD‐10 diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with NLOS and LOS. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidity, psychotropic medications, quality of life, functioning, and mental health care utilization were drawn for comparison.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐two participants (79.8%) had NLOS, 61 (17.9%) LOS, and 8 (2.3%) VLOSLP. LOS was significantly and independently associated with greater severity of emotional withdrawal and lower severity of depression (all p < 0.05). However, the magnitude of these associations was modest, with significant adjusted odds ratios ranging from 0.71 to 1.24, and there were no significant between‐group differences in other characteristics.ConclusionIn an age‐matched multicenter sample of elderly patients with schizophrenia, older adults with LOS were largely similar to older adults with NLOS in terms of clinical characteristics. The few differences observed may be at least partially related to symptom fluctuation with time. Implications of these findings for pharmacological and nonpharmacological management is yet to be determined.
Retracted: Design and synthesis of two epoxide derivatives from 3‐ethynylaniline
Authors: Figueroa‐Valverde Lauro , Francisco Diaz Cedillo , Maria Lopez‐Ramos , Marcela Rosas‐Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu‐Armand , Tomas Lopez‐Gutierrez , Magdalena Alvarez‐Ramirez 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor several years ago, several epoxide derivatives have been prepared using different methods; however, some protocols use reagents which could be expensive and require specials conditions. The aim of this investigation was to prepare two new epoxide‐derivatives from 3‐ethynylaniline using some reactions such as oximation, acetylation, 2 + 2 addition, functionalized chloroamides, and epoxidation via Darzens reaction. The chemical characteristics of epoxide derivatives were determinate through a spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. In conclusion, it is noteworthy that the reactions used in this study do not involve expensive reagents or special conditions for the synthesis of epoxide derivatives.
Synthesis and urease inhibition studies of some new quinazolinones
Authors: Akyüz Gülay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, novel quinazolinones were designed, synthesized, characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR spectral data, and LC–MS. New compounds inhibitory activities on urease were assessed. All of the compounds exhibited potent urease inhibitory activities. Especially in the synthesized compounds, 2‐benzyl‐3‐({5‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)amino]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol2‐yl}methyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one has the best inhibitory effect against Jack bean urease with IC50 = 3.30 ± 0.09 μg/mL. And also, N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐[(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetyl] hydrazinecarbothioamide, N‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐[(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetyl] hydrazinecarbothioamide, and 2‐benzyl‐3‐({5‐[(4‐fluorophenyl)amino]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2yl} methyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one have best activities among the synthesized compounds.
Endemic infections, vaccinations, and variability of SARS‐COV2 worldwide epidemiology: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goswami Rudra Prosad , Ganguli Bhaswati , Chatterjee Moumita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present article aims to analyze epidemiologic aspects of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) over different countries across the globe. While analyzing the overall spread of the disease, clusters of countries could be identified where the population‐adjusted number of cases and mortality rates (MRs) were significantly different from the others. To draw a comparison over the countries at the same stage of infection, the nature and spread of the infection was evaluated at the 90th day of the pandemic for each country. It was observed that the countries with prevalent malarial transmission tended to have lesser population‐adjusted COVID‐19 caseloads. It was further observed that high population coverage of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination was negatively associated with population‐adjusted caseloads and MRs due to COVID‐19. The present cross‐sectional study is an attempt to bring in several social, economic, and structural confounders into understanding of the nature and spread of this novel pandemic globally.
Assessing the safety of an epiphyseal plate biopsy in a translational lamb model
Authors: Epperson Richard T. , Williams Dustin L. , Rogers Brady , Maxwell John , Stevens Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe literature demonstrates that obtaining a biopsy of the physis may be beneficial for diagnostic purposes. A small biopsy of the epiphyseal plate may allow for earlier detection of certain conditions and be used to monitor the healing of diseased and/or damaged physes. However, due to the fear of a growth arrest in a growing child, biopsies are not currently performed. In this study, we investigated the effects of a biopsy of the epiphyseal plate in 3‐month‐old lambs. A total of 4.2 mm biopsy samples were captured in the proximal tibiae and distal femora physes. The lambs were monitored 12‐ and 24‐week post‐biopsy. Computed tomography (CT) and micro‐CT scans were obtained to determine if any angular deformities occurred, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) and histological analysis were utilized to assess the bone response due to the biopsy. The contralateral limbs served as unaltered controls for direct comparison within each lamb. The data demonstrated no signs of angular deformities following a 4.2 mm biopsy of the physis. Bone growth/elongation was confirmed by CT, SEM, and fluorochrome analyses and indicated that the lambs were in fact immature and still growing at the time of the biopsy. Clinical Significance: This investigation demonstrated that a small biopsy of the epiphyseal plate can be obtained safely without the cause of growth arrest and angular deformities. The ability to precisely diagnose, treat, and/or monitor at‐risk children at an earlier timepoint by way of a biopsy sample could be an important advancement in regard to researching diseased and/or damaged physes.
Intra‐articular treatment with hyaluronic acid associated with gold nanoparticles in a mechanical osteoarthritis model in Wistar rats
Authors: Filho Mario Cesar Búrigo , dos Santos Haupenthal Daniela Pacheco , Zaccaron Rubya Pereira , de Bem Silveira Gustavo , de Roch Casagrande Laura , Lupselo Fernando Silva , Alves Naiara , de Sousa Mariano Samara , do Bomfim Fernando Russo Costa , de Andrade Thiago Antônio Moretti , Machado‐de‐Ávila Ricardo Andrez , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of intra‐articular treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) associated with GNPs in a mechanical model of osteoarthritis induced by median meniscectomy (MM). Fifty Wistar rats (2 months weighing between 250 and 300 g) were used, divided into five groups of 10 animals each: Sham, osteoarthritis (OA), OA + HA, OA + gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and OA + HA + GNPs. Intra‐articular treatment was started 30 days after the model was induced, with a frequency of 2 weeks for 60 days. Fifteen days after the last application, the animals were euthanized with the removal of the joint tissue for biochemical and histological analysis. The model used was able to mimic osteoarthritis, characterized by the presence of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and degeneration of joint surfaces (Grade III, according to SCORE OARSI). The isolated use of HA or GNPs provided beneficial results to the joint; however, only the group subjected to the association between HA and GNPs showed the attenuation of oxidative stress and reduced proinflammatory markers, with a simultaneous increase in levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Upon histological analysis, only the OA + HA + GNPs group achieved the restoration of the thickness of the joint cartilage with reduced damage and return to the intact joint surface. The results found demonstrated that the association of GNPs with HA was able to reverse the deleterious effects caused by the model by inhibiting the progressive degeneration of joint surfaces, representing a promising treatment for osteoarthritis.
Characterization of penumbra sharpening and scattering by adaptive aperture for a compact pencil beam scanning proton therapy system
Authors: Grewal Hardev S. , Ahmad Salahuddin , Jin Hosang 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo quantitatively access penumbra sharpening and scattering by adaptive aperture (AA) under various beam conditions and clinical cases for a Mevion S250i compact pencil beam scanning proton therapy system.MethodsFirst, in‐air measurements were performed using a scintillation detector for single spot profile and lateral penumbra for five square field sizes (3 × 3 to 18 × 18 cm2), three energies (33.04, 147.36, and 227.16 MeV), and three snout positions (5, 15, and 33.6 cm) with Open and AA field. Second, treatment plans were generated in RayStation treatment planning system (TPS) for various combination of target size (3‐ and 10‐cm cube), target depth (5, 10, and 15 cm) and air gap (5–20 cm) for both Open and AA field. These plans were delivered to EDR2 films in the solid water and penumbra reduction by AA was quantified. Third, the effect of the AA scattered protons on the surface dose was studied at 5 mm depth by EDR2 film and the RayStation TPS computation. Finally, dosimetric advantage of AA over Open field was studied for five brain and five prostate cases using the TPS simulation.ResultsThe spot size changed dramatically from 3.8 mm at proton beam energy of 227.15 MeV to 29.4 mm at energy 33.04 MeV. In‐air measurements showed that AA substantially reduced the lateral penumbra by 30% to 60%. The EDR2 film measurements in solid water presented the maximum penumbra reduction of 10 to 14 mm depending on the target size. The maximum increase of 25% in field edge dose at 5 mm depth as compared to central axis was observed. The substantial penumbra reduction by AA produced less dose to critical structures for all the prostate and brain cases.ConclusionsAdaptive aperture sharpens the penumbra by factor of two to three depending upon the beam condition. The absolute penumbra reduction with AA was more noticeable for shallower target, smaller target, and larger air gap. The AA‐scattered protons contributed to increase in surface dose. Clinically, AA reduced the doses to critical structures.
Palliative care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinics: A survey of NEALS consortium membership
Authors: Mehta Tejas R. , Bayat Elham , Govindarajan Raghav 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition managed with a multidisciplinary approach. Palliative care is important for this approach, but there is a lack of recommendations for the role and involvement of palliative medicine (PM) specialists in multidisciplinary ALS care.MethodsThis questionnaire‐based survey assessed the state of palliative care in selective sites that are a part of Northeast Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Consortium (NEALS).ResultsTwenty‐seven percent of the sites included palliative care specialists as a part of their ALS clinics and they were introduced to the patients and family by ALS specialists (75.94%) usually at an advanced stage of ALS.DiscussionOur study when compared with other study results having a similar aim showed that there is a variability in the practice of palliative care specialists in ALS clinics. Having evidence‐based guidelines will help in the management of ALS patients more effectively.
Effects of Harvest, Natural Mortality, and Escapement on Reservoir Walleye Populations
Authors: Weber Robert E. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Walleye Sander vitreus are commonly introduced to reservoirs and provide valued fisheries. Walleye are lost though harvest and natural mortality in all systems, but escapement may also reduce reservoir populations. However, the effects of harvest, natural mortality, and escapement loss on reservoir Walleye populations are not known. Our objective was to quantify Walleye harvest, natural mortality, and escapement in two Iowa reservoirs (Big Creek Lake and Brushy Creek Lake) to understand how these factors limit populations. We also assessed Walleye behaviors and compared them among escaped, harvested, and in-lake Walleye to determine if behavior was associated with fate. Walleye were radio-tagged beginning in October 2016 and tracked through May 2019. Telemetry was used to estimate annual core and home ranges, seasonal depth use, and movement rates. Detection histories were analyzed using a multistate capture–recapture model with environmental covariates to estimate weekly harvest, natural mortality, and escapement. Harvest was greater in Big Creek than Brushy Creek and was higher in April through July compared to other months. Natural mortality was positively related to water temperature but did not differ between systems. No Walleye escaped from Big Creek (fish barrier on spillway), but escapement at Brushy Creek (no fish barrier) was positively related to mean water levels during April. During 2017–2018, annual Walleye escapement ranged from 22% to 47% at Brushy Creek (0% at Big Creek), harvest ranged from 13% to 27%, and natural mortality ranged from 36% to 38%. Depth of habitat occupied by Walleye was shallower during spring and summer when escapement occurred, intermediate in fall, and deepest during winter. Escaped Walleye at Brushy Creek used greater depths and moved less than in-lake Walleye; however, other behaviors did not differ among Walleye groups. Our results suggest that escapement can have a larger effect than harvest on reservoir Walleye populations in systems without physical barriers, and it should be taken into consideration when managing reservoir Walleye fisheries.