bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Cardiopulmonary Metabolic Energy Cost and Lower-limb Muscle Activity During Inclined Treadmill Gait in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Yun-Hee , Kim Jihye , Lee Hwang-Jae , Lee Su-Hyun , Lee Jungsoo , Chang Won Hyuk , Ryu Gyu-Ha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Inclined walking requires more cardiopulmonary metabolic energy and muscle strength than flat-level walking. This study sought to investigate changes in lower-limb muscle activity and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost during treadmill walking with different inclination grades and to discern any correlation between these two measures in older adults.Methods: Twenty-four healthy older adults (n = 11 males; mean age: 75.3 ± 4.0 years) participated. All participants walked on a treadmill that was randomly inclined at 0% (condition 1), 10% (condition 2), and 16% (condition 3) for five minutes each. Simultaneous measurements of lower-limb muscle activity and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost during inclined treadmill walking were collected. Measured muscles included the rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), medial head of the gastrocnemius (GCM), and soleus (SOL) muscles on the right side. Results: As compared with 0% inclined treadmill gait, the 10% inclined treadmill gait increased the net cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost by 22.9%, while the 16% inclined treadmill gait increased the net cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost by 44.2%. In the stance phase, as the slope increased, activity was significantly increased in the RA, RF, VM, BF, GCM, and SOL muscles. In the swing phase, As the slope increased activity was significantly increased in the RA, RF, VM, BF, and TA muscles. SOL muscle activity was most relevant to the change in cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost in the stance phase of inclined treadmill walking. The relationship between the increase in cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost and changes in muscle activity was also significant in the VM, GCM, and RF.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that changes in SOL, VM, GCM, and RA muscle activity had a significant relationship with cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost increment during inclined treadmill walking. These results can be used as basic data for various gait-training programs and as an indicator in the development of assistive algorithms of wearable walking robots for older adults. Trial registration: Clinical trials registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04614857 (05/11/2020).
Durable Response to Immunotherapy Plus Chemotherapy in a Patient With Untreated, Brain-metastatic, EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutation Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: nong jingying , Gu Yanfei , Yao Shuyang , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 20 exon insertion is the second most common EGFR aberrations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite some novel EGFR inhibitors showing encouraging antitumor activity, clinically obtainable management for this subset of patients remains an unmet need. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to unprecedented clinical benefit in metastatic NSCLC, clinical evidence suggests that EGFR mutant lung cancers rarely derive benefit from treatment with ICIs. We report that a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring an actionable gene mutation of EGFR exon 20 insertion, high PD-L1 expression, high tumor mutational burden, as well as alterations in immune-related genes including CTNNB1 (Catenin β1) S37F and ARID2 (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2) E1056X responded to upfront PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy. As an advanced-stage lung cancer with brain metastases indicating poor prognosis, the patient achieved an unusual and durable response over 15 months. Upfront ICIs plus chemotherapy might be an option for some NSCLC patients harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation. Further study is needed to validate the predictor involved in responders to ICIs-based therapy with EGFR mutations.
Head CT Deep Learning Model for Early Stroke Identification Outperforms Human Experts
Authors: Bizzo Bernardo Canedo , Gauriau Romane , Comeau Donnella , Hillis James , Bridge Christopher , Chin John , Pawar Jayashri , Pourvaziri Ali , Sesic Ivana , Sharaf Elshaimaa , Cao Jinjin , Noro Flavia , Kitamura Felipe , Dreyer Keith , Kalafut John , Andriole Katherine , Pomerantz Stuart , Gonzalez Ramon , Lev Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Non-contrast head CT (NCCT) is extremely insensitive for early (< 3-6hrs) acute infarct identification. We developed a deep learning model that detects and delineates early acute infarcts on NCCT, using diffusion MRI as ground truth (3,566 NCCT/MRI training pairs). The model substantially outperformed 3 expert neuroradiologists on a test set of 150 CT scans (sensitivity 96% model versus 61–66% experts); infarct volume estimates strongly correlated with those of diffusion MRI (r2 > 0.98).
Prevalence and Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Contaminating the Wards and Operating Room of Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Amulioto Johnstone , Muturi Margaret , Mathenge Scholastica , Mutua Gideon M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Nosocomial infections are of public health concern globally. These infections are frequently caused by microbes residing in the healthcare environment, including contaminated medical equipment, wards, and operating theaters. Objectives To determine the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of bacteria that contaminated the wards and operating rooms of Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was done from October - November 2018. Surface swabs taken from predefined areas within the wards and operating room were assessed for bacterial contamination. The samples were processed through gram reaction, culture, and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility tests were done for each swab by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Statistical work was done through a statistical package for the social sciences version 20. ResultsThe present work revealed an isolation rate of 64.7% (44/68) for culture-positive surface swabs while 35.3% (24/68) of the swabs failed to yield any organism. A total of 59 bacteria were isolated from the processed swabs. Of the isolates, gram-positive bacteria were more compared to gram-negative rods. Overall, Staphylococcus aureus 55.9% (n=33) was the prevalent bacteria followed by Bacillus species 30.5% (n=18), Citrobacter species 3.4% (n=2), Enterobacter species 3.4% (n=2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.7% (n=1), Acinetobacter species 1.7% (n=1), Escherichia coli 1.7% (n=1) and Coagulase-negative staphylococcus 1.7% (n=1). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 61.8% of all staphylococci species. The bacteria were resistant to Ampicillin/Cloxacillin at 96.6% (n=57/59). Conclusion The infection of hospitalized patients by resident flora of the hospital environment may worsen the clinical condition of the patient. Therefore, it's paramount for all facilities to ensure that they assess periodically their healthcare environments to identify potential bacterial pathogens of nosocomial significance.
Prognostic association of starvation-induced genes in head and neck cancer
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Inaba Hiroaki , Nishiyama Kyoko , Yoshida Sho , Yoshiaki Yura , Matsumoto-Nakano Michiyo , Uzawa Narikazu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) have been implicated in the initiation and progression of malignant tumor promotion. To investigate the dynamics of expression of genes, including ARGs, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells were placed under serum-free conditions to induce growth retardation and autophagy, and these starved cells were subjected to transcriptome analysis. Among the 21 starvation-induced genes (SIGs) located in the autophagy, cell proliferation, and survival signaling pathways, we identified SIGs that showed prominent up-regulation or down-regulation. These included AGR2, BST2, CALR, CD22, DDIT3, FOXA2, HSPA5, PIWIL4, PYCR1, SGK3, and TRIB3. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of HNSCC patients was used to examine the expression of up-regulated genes, and CALR, HSPA5, and TRIB3 were highly expressed relative to solid normal tissue in cancer and the survival rate was found to be reduced in patients with high expression. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated the formation of a dense network of these genes. Cox regression analysis revealed that high expression of CALR, HSPA5, and TRIB3 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with TCGA-HNSCC. Therefore, these SIGs up-regulated under serum starvation may be molecular prognostic markers in HNSCC patients.
Simulating Heat Stress of Coal Gangue Spontaneous Combustion on Vegetation Using Alfalfa Leaf Water Content Spectral Features as Indicators
Authors: Wang Qiyuan , Zhao Yanling , Yang Feifei , Liu Tao , Xiao Wu , Sun Haiyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background: Vegetation heat-stress assessment in the reclamation areas of coal gangue dumps is of great significance in controlling spontaneous combustion. Methods: The study simulated the heat-stress environment of a coal gangue dump reclamation area through a temperature gradient experiment. We collected leaf spectrum and water content data on alfalfa plants commonly planted in such areas. We then obtained the optimal spectral features of appropriate leaf water content indicators through time series analysis, correlation analysis, and least absolute shrinkage operator (lasso) regression analysis. A spectral feature-based long short-term memory (SF-LSTM) model is proposed to estimate alfalfa's heat stress level. Results: Comparing three leaf water content indicators, we found that the live fuel moisture content (LFMC) varies significantly with time and has high regularity. Correlation analysis of the raw spectrum, first-derivative spectrum, vegetation indexes and leaf water content data shows that LFMC and spectral data were the most strongly correlated. Combined with lasso regression analysis, the optimal spectral features were the first-derivative spectral value at 1661 nm (abbreviated as FDS (1661)), RVI (1525, 1771), DVI (1412, 740) and NDVI (1447,1803). When the classification strategies were divided into three categories and the time sequence length of the spectral features was set to five consecutive monitoring dates, the SF-LSTM model had the highest accuracy in estimating the heat stress level in alfalfa. The accuracy of the training set was > 95% and the accuracy of the verification set was about 90%. Conclusion: The results provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for vegetation heat-stress assessment in coal gangue dump reclamation areas.
Test-Retest reliability of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and PPI correlation with working memory
Authors: Freudenberg Florian , Althen Heike , Falk Kim , Bittner Robert A. , Reif Andreas , Plichta Michael M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sensorimotor gating – a mechanism to filter sensory input and regulate motor output - is experimentally operationalized by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response (SR). Previous studies suggest high test-retest reliability of PPI and potential correlation with working memory (WM). Here we aimed to validate the test-retest reliability of PPI in healthy humans and its correlation with working memory (WM) performance. We applied an acoustic startle PPI paradigm with four different prepulse intensities (64, 68, 72, and 76 dB) and two different WM tasks (n-back, change detection task [CDT]). We were able to confirm high retest-reliability of the PPI with a mean intraclass correlation (ICC) of >0.80 and significant positive correlation of PPI with n-back but not with CDT performance. Detailed analysis showed that PPI across all prepulse intensities significantly correlated with both the 2-back and 0-back conditions, suggesting regulation by cross-conditional processes (e.g. attention). However, when removing the 0-back component from the 2-back data, we found a specific and significant correlation with WM for the 76 dB PPI condition. With the present study we were able to confirm the high test-retest reliability of the PPI in humans and could validate and expand on its correlation with WM performance.
Short-term storage of seeds and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Lepisanthes fruticosa
Authors: Bustam Suryanti , Ali Mohd Shukri Mat , Sinniah Uma Rani , Shamsuddin Nur Atisha , Kadir Abdul Muhaimin Abdul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work highlights short-term storage of recalcitrant Lepisanthes fruticosa seeds and long-term conservation attempts of its embryonic axes (EAs) through cryopreservation. Short-term storage was carried out using fresh seeds at 54 % moisture content and stored at 8 ±1 °C and 25 ±2 °C for 7 weeks. Three variations to sterilization were attempted to optimize survival while keeping contamination low for cryopreservation. Cryopreservation using two different methods were tested, namely vitrification and the encapsulation vitrification method. Vitrification technique involved the pre-culturing of EAs overnight in different sucrose pre-culture concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 M) prior to, loading, dehydration with plant vitrification solution (PVS2), rapid immersion into liquid nitrogen (-196 °C), rapid warming, unloading and recovery. While, encapsulation vitrification involved encapsulation of the EAs using 3 % sodium alginate followed by exposure to different duration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes) of PVS2 prior to cryopreservation. L. fruticosa seeds can be safely stored for short-term with no loss in germination up to 7 weeks of storage either at 8 ±1 °C or 25 ±2 °C. This study also showed that EA of L. fruticosa was amenable to cryopreservation, 13.0 – 66.67% of viability was obtained when the EAs were cryopreserved using the vitrification technique while the best result was obtained (66.67 % viability) when the EAs were pre-cultured with 0.4 M sucrose prior to exposure to PVS2 and liquid nitrogen. Cryopreservation of EAs using the encapsulation-vitrification method was unsuccessful.
Identifying the domains and factors influencing perceived Quality of Life (QoL) of Indian elderly in the context of their neighbourhoods: a case study of Kolkata, India
Authors: Saha Suparna , Basu Sanghamitra , Pandit Debapratim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The concept of Quality of Life (QoL) is multi-dimensional and has been explored from varied perspectives. Though QoL is a multi-dimensional concept, research on QoL has been mostly explored from a limited set of aspects. The assessment of QoL of elderly have been so far mostly based on measurement models derived from the perspective of American or European elderly. The subjectivity of the concept of QoL and the distinct dissimilarities in the perspectives of the elderly living in South Asian countries seeks for the development of QoL models from their perspective. Besides, since a significant number of the elderly in South Asian countries prefer to age-in-place, the need to identify parameters to improve their QoL in their neighbourhood context also becomes important. This paper, explores the perspectives of a group of Indian elderly, and identifies a broad set of domains and their respective set of factors, influencing perceived QoL of Indian elderly, which can be supported through the residential environment. The factors have been identified through literature review, followed by qualitative analysis of focus group discussions and quantitative analysis of close-ended interviews with Indian elderly across varied socio-demographic backgrounds. The present study, identifies seven broad domains and 37 QoL factors influencing perceived QoL of Indian elderly.
Executive Functions and Developmental Profiles in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Memisevic Haris , Pasalic Arnela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Executive functions (EF) play a crucial role in overall human functioning. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have EF deficits. The goal of this study was to examine EF and developmental domains in preschool children with ASD. The sample for this study comprised 32 children (27 boys, mean age 65.3 months, SD- 4.0 months) with ASD. The control group consisted of 32 typically developing children (16 boys, mean age 64.3 months, SD- 5.1 months). EF were assessed with Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and developmental domains were assessed with the Developmental Assessment of Young Children. The results of this study indicated that children with ASD do not have uneven EF and developmental profiles, although the EF and developmental domains scores were more heterogeneous than in typically developing children. Children with ASD had substantially lower EF and developmental scores than typically developing children. Implications of these results are discussed.
The Design of Remote Control System Based on the Embedded Web Server
Authors: Shuping Xu , Hongqing Yue , Fan Yang , Yajuan Wan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to expedite the development of the control network, according to the newest fruition of the internet, the hardware and software of the system is designed. Since the resource of the sever in embedded remote control system is limited, an approach is presented which use CGI and XML technology to realize remote monitoring computer and embedded Web server for dynamic interaction. Combined with the basic requirements of embedded remote control system, the idea of component design is proposed, the major components of system functions are defined. According to the system functional requirement, the software is designed and realized. The practice prove, the scheme realize the remote control of the transmitter by the small cost. And the system is convenient and safe. The definite reference value is offered to the offspring complex remote control system.
ZZAP treatment of red blood cells
Authors: Marckwardt S.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ZZAP is a mixture of a sulfhydryl reagent (dithiothreitol) and a proteolytic enzyme (papain or ficin). This reagent dissociates IgG and complement from red blood cells, allowing for phenotyping, enhanced adsorption, or denaturing of multiple blood group system antigens to aid in completing complex antibody workups. ZZAP treatment destroys all antigens in the Kell, Landsteiner-Wiener, Cartwright, Dombrock, and Knops blood group systems as well as antigens destroyed by proteases (e.g., M, N, S, Fya, and Fyb).
An update on the Knops blood group system
Authors: Moulds J.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the Knops (KN) blood group system (Moulds JM. The Knops blood group system. Immunohematology 2010;26:2–7) adds no new antigens to this system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 22), which currently has nine antigens. However, the molecular basis of York, KN5, or Yka has been identified as c.4223C>T and designated KN*01.-05. Although not considered clinically significant in the field of transfusion medicine, there has been great interest in the Knops polymorphism by investigators working on malaria documented by numerous studies over the past 8 years.
An update on the Lutheran blood group system
Authors: Daniels G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the Lutheran (LU) blood group system (Daniels G. Lutheran. Immunohematology 2009;25:152–9) describes six new antigens of the Lutheran system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 5). These antigens are numbered LU22 to LU27, resulting in a total of 25 antigens in the system. The molecular background of LU7 is also described. New KLF1 mutations responsible for In(Lu) have been identified, and the gene responsible for the X-linked form of Lumod has been identified.
Cryogenic heat capacity measurements and thermodynamic analysis of lithium aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with intercalated chloride
Authors: Jayanthi K. , Neilsen Grace , Rosen Peter F. , Andersen Clark I. , Dickson Matthew S. , Evans Samuel F. , Paranthaman M. Parans , Woodfield Brian F. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lithium aluminum chloride layered double hydroxide ([Li-Al-Cl] LDH) sorbents selectively recover lithium from geothermal brines, paving the way for increased domestic production of lithium for rechargeable batteries. In this work, cryogenic heat capacity measurements (CP) were performed from 1.8 to 300 K on several undoped and Fe-doped [Li-Al-Cl] LDH samples with a generalized compositions Li1–xAl2(OH)6Cl1–x (undoped) and LixFeyAl2–y(OH)6Clx (Fe-doped). Thermodynamic functions were generated from these measurements, and values of S298.15○ are reported based on both the CP measurements and configurational entropy (Sconfig○) arising from positional disorder in the layered structure. These results are combined with previous enthalpy of formation (ΔHf○) measurements to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation (ΔGf○) for the samples. In these samples, a higher water content results in a less negative ΔGf○ when doped and undoped samples are considered separately. Limited iron substitution for aluminum results in the most negative ΔGf○, but a larger dopant amount destabilizes the LDH structure. One of the samples had an anomaly in the heat capacity from 210 to 300 K, which is likely related to the movement of water in the structure due to the large H2O/Cl− ratio and the presence of vacancies in the interlayer where H2O resides. This indicates that the interactions between these species in the interlayer play an important role in stabilizing the LDH structure, and this effect should be further studied using different water/anion ratios.
Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination in Laguna Lake, Philippines
Authors: dela Peña Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O. , Vejano Mark Raymond A. , Rivera Windell L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water quality deterioration in source waters poses increased health, environmental, and economic risks. Here, we genotyped Cryptosporidium spp. obtained from water samples of Laguna Lake, Philippines, and its tributaries for the purpose of source-tracking fecal contamination. A total of 104 surface water samples were collected over a 1-year period (March 2018 to April 2019). Detection of Cryptosporidium was carried out using genus-specific primers targeting a fragment of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. The study revealed 8 (14%) tributary samples and 1 (2.77%) lake sample positive for contamination. The species were determined to be C. parvum (n = 4), C. muris (n = 2), C. hominis (n = 1), C. galli (n = 1), C. baileyi (n = 1), C. suis (n = 1), as well as rat genotype IV (n = 1). Two species were detected in duck (C. baileyi) and cattle (C. parvum) fecal samples. The data presented suggest that Cryptosporidium contamination is likely to come from sewage or human feces as well as various agricultural sources (i.e. cattle, swine, and poultry). This information reveals the importance of mitigating fecal pollution in the lake system and minimizing health risks due to exposure to zoonotic Cryptosporidium species.