bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine and polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum kelch13-propeller gene in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Riloha Rivas Matilde , Warsame Marian , Mbá Andeme Ramona , Nsue Esidang Salomón , Ncogo Policarpo Ricardo , Phiri Wonder Philip , Oki Eburi Consuelo , Edú Maye Corona Eyang , Menard Didier , Legrand Eric , Berzosa Pedro , Garcia Luz , Lao Seoane Angela Katherine , Ntabangana Spes Caritas , Ringwald Pascal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) are the currently recommended first- and second-line therapies for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections in Equatorial Guinea. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of these artemisinin-based combinations and detect mutations in P. falciparum kelch13-propeller domain gene (Pfkelch13).

Methods
A single-arm prospective study evaluating the efficacy of ASAQ and AL at three sites: Malabo, Bata and Ebebiyin was conducted between August 2017 and July 2018. Febrile children aged six months to 10 years with confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum infection and other inclusion criteria were sequentially enrolled first in ASAQ and then in AL at each site, and followed up for 28 days. Clinical and parasitological parameters were assessed. The primary endpoint was PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). Samples on day-0 were analysed for mutations in Pfkelch13 gene.

Results
A total 264 and 226 patients were enrolled in the ASAQ and AL treatment groups, respectively. Based on per-protocol analysis, PCR-adjusted cure rates of 98.6% to 100% and 92.4% to 100% were observed in patients treated with ASAQ and AL, respectively. All study children in both treatment groups were free of parasitaemia by day-3. Of the 476 samples with interpretable results, only three samples carried non-synonymous Pfkelch13 mutations (E433D and A578S), and none of them is the known markers associated with artemisinin resistance.

Conclusion
The study confirmed high efficacy of ASAQ and AL for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum infections as well as the absence of delayed parasite clearance and Pfkelch13 mutations associated with artemisinin resistance. Continued monitoring of the efficacy of these artemisinin-based combinations, at least every two years, along with molecular markers associated with artemisinin and partner drug resistance is imperative to inform national malaria treatment policy and detect resistant parasites early.
Trial registration ACTRN12617000456358, Registered 28 March 2017; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial/MyTrial.aspx
Individual heterogeneity screened umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with high Treg promotion demonstrate improved recovery of mouse liver fibrosis
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Liu Shuo , Wang Liudi , Yang Hui , Tai Chenxu , Ling Li , Chen Libo , Liu Shanshan , Wang Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and their therapeutic variations when applied to mouse liver fibrosis model.

Methods
The characteristics of HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors were comprehensively analyzed including expressions of surface markers, viability, growth curve, karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, differentiation potentials, and immune regulation capability. Then, the HUCMSCs with distinct immunomodulatory effects were applied to treat mouse liver fibrosis and their therapeutic effects were observed.

Results
The HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors kept a high consistency in surface marker expressions, viability, growth curve, and tumorigenicity in nude mice but had robust heterogeneities in differentiation potentials and immune regulations. In addition, three HUCMSC lines applied to mice liver fibrosis model had different therapeutic outcomes, in line with individual immune regulation capability.

Conclusion
The HUCMSCs derived from different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stromal cell therapy.
Aging and respiratory viral infection: from acute morbidity to chronic sequelae
Authors: Wu Yue , Goplen Nick P. , Sun Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe altered immune response in aged hosts play a vital role in contributing to their increased morbidity and mortality during respiratory virus infections. The aged hosts display impaired antiviral immune response as well as increased risk for long-term pulmonary sequelae post virus clearance. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving these alterations of the immune compartment have not been fully elucidated. During the era of COVID-19 pandemic, a better understanding of such aspects is urgently needed to provide insight that will benefit the geriatric patient care in prevention as well as treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge about the unique immune characteristics of aged hosts during homeostasis and respiratory virus infections.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibition rescues energy dysfunction and pathology in a model of tauopathy
Authors: Chang Ching-Pang , Chang Ya-Gin , Chuang Pei-Yun , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh , Wu Kuo-Chen , Chou Fang-Yi , Cheng Sin-Jhong , Chen Hui-Mei , Jin Lee-Way , Carvalho Kevin , Huin Vincent , Buée Luc , Liao Yung-Feng , Lin Chun-Jung , Blum David , Chern Yijuang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTau pathology is instrumental in the gradual loss of neuronal functions and cognitive decline in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Earlier reports showed that adenosine metabolism is abnormal in the brain of AD patients while consequences remained ill-defined. Herein, we aimed at investigating whether manipulation of adenosine tone would impact Tau pathology, associated molecular alterations and subsequent neurodegeneration. We demonstrated that treatment with an inhibitor (J4) of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) exerted beneficial effects in a mouse model of Tauopathy. Treatment with J4 not only reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation but also rescued memory deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and abnormal expression of immune-related gene signatures. These beneficial effects were particularly ascribed to the ability of J4 to suppress the overactivation of AMPK (an energy reduction sensor), suggesting that normalization of energy dysfunction mitigates neuronal dysfunctions in Tauopathy. Collectively, these data highlight that targeting adenosine metabolism is a novel strategy for tauopathies.
Knowledge and perception of biosimilars in ambulatory care: a survey among Belgian community pharmacists and physicians
Authors: Barbier Liese , Vandenplas Yannick , Simoens Steven , Declerck Paul , Vulto Arnold G. , Huys Isabelle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
With the approval of biosimilars for subcutaneously administered products, such as adalimumab, etanercept and insulin, biosimilars become increasingly available in ambulatory care. Little is known about the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers who are in charge of dispensing and prescribing biosimilars in this context. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perception about biosimilars among community pharmacists and physicians.

Methods
Belgian community pharmacists (n = 177) and physicians (n = 30) were surveyed on their knowledge, experience with dispensing/prescribing biologicals including biosimilars, perception regarding interchangeability, switching and substitution and informational and educational needs. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed.

Results
Only 32% of community pharmacists and 52% of physicians had yet dispensed/prescribed a biosimilar. Approximately 35% of community pharmacists felt insufficiently trained to counsel patients with biosimilar therapy, which was significantly higher compared to their self-assessed competence to counsel patients with biological therapy in general (p = 0.023). Community pharmacists experienced questions about similarity between reference products and biosimilars (47%) and their interchangeability (42%). Over 40% of physicians found patient uncertainty about efficacy and safety challenging when prescribing biosimilars. A similar proportion of physicians would only prescribe a biosimilar in indications for which the biosimilar has been tested clinically. The majority of pharmacists (58%) was in favor of substitution of biologicals, on the condition that the prescriber would be contacted. Also over 40% of physicians was open to this approach in case of substitution. Educational support, budget for additional staff and transparency about savings were considered suitable stimuli to incentivize biosimilar use. The need for information about biologicals including biosimilars was nearly unanimous among community pharmacists. Also 67% of physicians requested more information. Both community pharmacists and physicians preferred to be informed by their respective professional associations.

Conclusions
This study showed a substantial need for targeted educational measures to increase the knowledge and confidence about both biological medicines in general and biosimilars in particular among Belgian community pharmacists and physicians. The results may inform educational and policy measures to stimulate biosimilar use in ambulatory care.
Seasonal and long-term vertical land motion in Southwest China determined using GPS, GRACE, and surface loading model
Authors: Su Guangli , Zhan Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOwing to the intense tectonic activity and significant seasonal surface mass change, Southwest China is characterized by noticeable vertical land movement. We determined the vertical movement of Southwest China using 10 years of data from 41 continuous global positioning system (GPS) stations, gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE), and surface loading model (SLM). The annual variation in hydrological loading is the main factor causing the seasonal oscillation of surface deformation in Southwest China. Seasonal deformations captured by GPS, GRACE, and SLM are consistent to a certain extent, and the correlation coefficients between GPS/GRACE, and GPS/SLM are 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. After deducting the results yielded by GRACE and SLM from the GPS time series, the average reductions in root mean square were 41.3% and 38.0%, respectively. However, some systematic differences were observed among the annual amplitudes and phases of the seasonal deformations among the three products. For example, the average amplitudes estimated by GRACE and SLM were 7.4 mm and 6.1 mm, respectively, which were smaller than the amplitude deduced from GPS (9.7 mm). Furthermore, mean phase delays of 16, 22, and 6 days were observed between GPS/GRACE, GPS/SLM, and GRACE/SLM. The data processing errors and local geophysical signals in GPS and the underestimation of land water storage in GRACE and SLM were jointly responsible for the systemic differences. The simulated data show that the misestimating of hydrological loading can explain approximately 50%, 64%, and 83% of the phase delays between GPS/GRACE, GPS/SLM, and GRACE/SLM, respectively. In addition, we obtained long-term vertical crustal motion rates by subtracting the loading deformation rates estimated by GRACE from the linear rates of the GPS. The vertical crustal motion in this region is block-dependent. The Central Yunnan block and its eastern boundary are uplifted; meanwhile, the Southwest Yunnan block, which features stretching in the horizontal direction, appears to be subsiding. The aforementioned results can provide data support for the study of water resource utilization and geodynamics in Southwest China.
Coupled DNA-labeling and sequencing approach enables the detection of viable-but-non-culturable Vibrio spp. in irrigation water sources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Authors: Malayil Leena , Chattopadhyay Suhana , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Sapkota Amy R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNontraditional irrigation water sources (e.g., recycled water, brackish water) may harbor human pathogens, including Vibrio spp., that could be present in a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state, stymieing current culture-based detection methods. To overcome this challenge, we coupled 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, enrichment techniques, and 16S rRNA sequencing to identify metabolically-active Vibrio spp. in nontraditional irrigation water (recycled water, pond water, non-tidal freshwater, and tidal brackish water). Our coupled BrdU-labeling and sequencing approach revealed the presence of metabolically-active Vibrio spp. at all sampling sites. Whereas, the culture-based method only detected vibrios at three of the four sites. We observed the presence of V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus using both methods, while V. aesturianus and V. shilonii were detected only through our labeling/sequencing approach. Multiple other pathogens of concern to human health were also identified through our labeling/sequencing approach including P. shigelloides, B. cereus and E. cloacae. Most importantly, 16S rRNA sequencing of BrdU-labeled samples resulted in Vibrio spp. detection even when our culture-based methods resulted in negative detection. This suggests that our novel approach can effectively detect metabolically-active Vibrio spp. that may have been present in a VBNC state, refining our understanding of the prevalence of vibrios in nontraditional irrigation waters.
Biological control of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum root rot disease using Trichoderma species
Authors: Ketta Hammad Abdelwanees , Hewedy Omar Abd El-Raouf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides.

Main body
Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies.

Conclusions
Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.
Elimination of nasal obstruction improves pulmonary functions and oxygenation
Authors: Sobh Eman , Elhussieny Fatma , Ismail Taghreed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Nasal obstruction is a significant medical problem. This study aimed to examine the effect of nasal obstruction and nasal packing on arterial blood gases and pulmonary function indices, and the impact of the elimination of nasal obstruction on preoperative values.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 26.6 ± 10.1 years, males represented 50.8%. Spirometric indices showed statistically significant improvement (preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1st second 66.9 ± 13.9 vs 79.6 ± 14.9 postoperative and preoperative forced vital capacity 65.5 ± 12.7 vs 80.4 ± 13.8 postoperative). Oxygen saturation was significantly lower during nasal packing (95.6 ± 1.6 preoperative vs 94.7 ± 2.8 with nasal pack), and significant improvement (97.2 ± 1.4) was observed after removal of the nasal pack. Nasal obstruction scores significantly improved.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that either simple nasal obstruction or nasal packing may cause hypoxemia and abnormalities in lung function tests. Hypoxemia was more evident with nasal packing.
Distribution of Genomic Testing Resources by Oncology Practice and Rurality: A Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Gardner Brittany , Doose Michelle , Sanchez Janeth I. , Freedman Andrew N. , de Moor Janet S. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEOncologists are increasingly using molecular profiling to inform personalized patient treatment decisions. Despite its promising utility, the integration of genomic testing into diverse clinical health care settings across geographic settings has been understudied.METHODSWe used data from the National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment, a nationally representative sample of practicing US oncologists, to assess the availability of six genomic testing resources, including on-site pathology, contracts with outside laboratories, on-site genetic counselors, internal policies or protocols for using genomic and biomarker testing, electronic medical record alerts, and genomic or molecular tumor boards. We used multivariate logistic regression models to examine differences in the availability of each genomic testing resource by practice type and rurality while adjusting for payer mix and patient volume.RESULTSA larger proportion of multispecialty group and academic practices had genomic testing resources available compared with solo and nonacademic practices. Electronic medical record alerts were the least available resource, whereas contracts with outside laboratories were the most available resource. Compared with urban practices, there were significantly fewer practices located in rural areas that had on-site pathology, on-site genetic counselors, protocols for genomic tests, and molecular tumor boards.CONCLUSIONGenomic testing resources varied by practice type and geography among a nationally representative sample of practicing oncologists. This variation has important implications for the development of interventions and policies to support the more equitable delivery of precision oncology to patients with cancer.
The Historian and the Sexologist
Authors: Libby C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigates how twentieth-century historians' reliance on pathologizing discourses about transvestism produced the distorted historical account of the premodern “transvestite saint.” The essay begins with a critical historiography aimed at unraveling the intertwined writings of historians and sexologists. European sexological writing on Christian saints rendered them little more than pathologized subjects stripped of their religious context, and historical narratives that drew on pathologizing sexological paradigms frequently interpreted these religious figures as premodern examples of transhistorical sex-gender transgression. After examining the development of the interpretive model of the transvestite saint and its dependence on tropes of disguise and deception, the author argues that this framework should be abandoned. Considering the limitation of this interpretation, the essay proposes a more capacious historical method termed the apophasis of transgender.
July 4, 1980
Authors: Arfini Elia A.G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This historical vignette recounts the first trans protest in Italy, which occurred on July 4, 1980, and provides an impressionistic reflection on a trans experience from the location of Southern Europe. This location invites us to think of trans liberation according to an epistemology that dispels the dichotomy between a perverse sexual past and a civilized modern sexual citizenship, and between a liberated North and a backward South.
Das Marthastift bzw. Haus «Zum Grossen Keller» Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen 1988-91 und 1999/2000
Authors: Reicke Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Das Gebäude enthält Bausubstanz aus der Zeit vor dem Basler Erdbeben und liegt an einer Schlüsselstelle der Basler Altstadt, am Abhang des Petersbergs gegen den Fischmarkt hin. Die mehrgeschossigen Kellerräume wurden als Lagerhaus genutzt. In den untersten Etagen ist das Innere weitgehend original erhalten und weist zweigeschossige spätromanische Holzsäulen auf. Besonderheiten in der Gestaltung des Hauses sind eine grosse strebepfeilerartige Stützmauer mit Spitzbogendurchgang, ein tonnengewölbter Vorraum zu den Kellern und ein spitzbogig überwölbter Annexraum, der ev. als Fragment von einer nicht zu Ende geführten Erweiterung zeugt.
Der ursprüngliche Bau wurde gemäss Dendrochronologie in den Jahren 1260-1275 erstellt. Vom ersten Obergeschoss bis zum Dach wurde das Haus 1421/22 erneuert oder ergänzt und mit dem heutigen, einseitig gewalmten Dach gedeckt (nach dem Basler Stadtbrand von 1417).
Tätigkeitsbericht der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt für das Jahr 2000
Authors: Schwarz Peter-A. 
Published: June 2021

Der Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2000.
Mit Beiträgen zur Fundchronik im Jahr 2000.
Die Archäologie macht Kleinhüninger Dorfgeschichte
Authors: Springer Anita V. , Deschler-Erb Sabine , Hüster-Plogmann Heide , Brombacher Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Das Fischerhaus an der Schulgasse - seinen Namen verdankt es dem Beruf früherer Bewohner - war ein Kleinbauernhaus aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Es zeugte bis 1999 als eines der letzten alten Häuser vom 1907 in die Stadt Basel eingemeindeten Dorf Kleinhüningen.
Die Grabung lieferte eine Menge an Informationen zur Dorfgeschichte und zur Sachkultur, insbesondere in Bezug auf neuzeitliche Keramik. Beiträge zur Archäobotanik und Archäozoologie bieten wertvolle Ergänzungen, die Aussagen bezüglich Landschaftsbild sowie Lebensweise und Ernährungsgewohnheiten vom Mittelalter bis ins 19. Jahrhundert ermöglichen.
Nonlinear optical properties of CsPbClxBr3-x nanocrystals embedded glass
Authors: Quan Chenjing , Xing Xiao , Huang Sihao , Jin Mengfeifei , Shi Tongchao , Zhang Zeyu , Xiang Weidong , Wang Zhanshan , Leng Yuxin 
Published: June 2021

All-inorganic perovskite has attracted significant attention due to its excellent nonlinear optical characteristics. Stable and low-toxic perovskite materials have great application prospects in optoelectronic devices. Here, we study the nonlinear optical properties of

CsPbCl

x

Br

3
−
x

(

x
=
1

, 1.5, 2) nanocrystals (NCs) glass by open-aperture Z-scan. It is found that the two- (2PA) and three-photon absorption (3PA) intensity can be adjusted by the treatment temperature and the ratio of halide anions. The perovskite NCs glass treated at a high temperature has better crystallinity, resulting in stronger nonlinear absorption performance. In addition, the value of the 2PA parameter of

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses decreases when the incident pump intensity increases, which is ascribed to the saturation of 2PA and population inversion. Finally, the research results show that the 2PA coefficient (

0.127

cm

GW

−
1

) and 3PA coefficient (

1.21
×

10

−
5

cm

3

GW

−
2

) of

CsPbCl

1

Br

2

NCs glass with high Br anion content are larger than those of

CsPbCl

2

Br

1

and

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses. This is mainly due to the greater influence of Br anions on the symmetry of the perovskite structure, which leads to the redistribution of delocalized electrons. The revealed adjustable nonlinear optical properties of perovskite NCs glass are essential for developing stable and high-performance nonlinear optical devices.