bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: new horizons in search for pathogenetic approaches to therapy. Part 1. Features of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Blagonravova A. S. , Zhilyaeva T. V. , Kvashnina D. V. 
Published: March 2021

The first part of the literature review on the role of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) includes recent data published in the literature on the features of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with autism. It was shown that an excessive presence of Clostridium was detected in ASD, and evidence was presented showing the possible participation of these bacteria in the development of autism symptoms. Contradictory research results on an increase in a number of other pathogenic bacteria and, conversely, a decrease in the number of bacteria necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the intestine and the host organism as a whole are presented. The possible role of Candida albicans in ASD, requiring further study, is reported. Possible causes of contradictions in the results of studies on this topic are discussed.
Coping Strategies in Professional Activities of Educational Psychologists
Authors: Казаренков В.И. , Карнелович М.М. , Казаренкова Т.Б. 
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемные вопросы психологии совладания субъекта со стрессовыми ситуациями в профессиональной сфере жизнедеятельности.
Предмет исследования — совладание педагогов-психологов со стрессом в профессиональной деятельности. Цель исследования — определить влияние стратегий совладающего поведения на развитие профессионального стресса у педагогов-психологов.
Методы исследования: тестирование, методы описательной статистики, множественный регрессионный анализ, U-критерий Манна — Уитни.
Приведены результаты эмпирического исследования профессионального стресса и копинга у педагогов-психологов, работающих в системе общего среднего образования Российской Федерации и Республики Беларусь. Раскрыты уровни выраженности стресса и специфические особенности копинга со стрессорами в деятельности у педагогов-психологов с разной длительностью стажа профессиональной деятельности.
Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о необходимости обучения педагогов-психологов навыкам саморегуляции эмоциональных состояний для повышения стрессоустойчивости и могут использоваться при разработке программ профилактики эмоционального выгорания и стрессовых состояний у представителей социономических профессий.
The article treats some problematic issues of coping with stressful situations in career-related situations.
The object of the research is educational psychologists’ coping skills that help them cope with stress in their professional activities. The aim of the research is to identify the influence of coping strategies on the development of occupational stress in educational psychologists.
The methods of the research are the following: test, descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test.
The article provides the results of an empirical research of occupational stress and coping strategies in educational psychologists working in the system of compulsory secondary education in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The article reveals the levels of stress manifestation and specific coping strategies in educational psychologists with different professional records.
The results of the research show that it is essential that educational psychologists should be taught to self-regulate their emotional conditions and cope with stressful situations in an effective way. The results of the research can be used to develop a training course aimed at preventing emotional burnout and stress in representatives of socionomic professions.
Accretion Geometry in the Hard State of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Dziełak Marta A. , Marco Barbara De , Szanecki Michał , Niedźwiecki Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study X-ray spectra from the outburst rise of the accreting black hole binary MAXI J1820+070. We find that models having the disk inclinations within those of either the binary or the jet imply significant changes of the accretion disk inner radius during the luminous part of the hard spectral state, with that radius changing from >100 to ∼10 gravitational radii. The main trend is a decrease with the decreasing spectral hardness. Our analysis requires the accretion flow to be structured, with at least two components with different spectral slopes. The harder component dominates the bolometric luminosity and produces strong, narrow, X-ray reflection features. The softer component is responsible for the underlying broader reflection features. The data are compatible with the harder component having a large scale height, located downstream the disk truncation radius, and reflecting mostly from remote parts of the disk. The softer component forms a corona above the disk up to some transition radius. Our findings can explain the changes of the characteristic variability timescales, found in other works, as being driven by the changes of the disk characteristic radii.
Analyzing multiple stressor effects on EPT taxa in a mesocosm experiment with DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Werner Marie-Thérése , Beermann Arne , Elbrecht Vasco , Zizka Vera , Leese Florian 
Published: March 2021

Multiple stressors diversely and often adversely affect stream ecosystems around the globe. Therefore, understanding multiple stressor effects on different organisms is essential for a better ecosystem understanding, an accurate water quality assessment and improved ecosystem management. However, while multiple stressor effects should be assessed at species level this taxonomic resolution is often not achieved e.g. for stream macroinvertebrates. Due to their high abundance and diversity, species-level identification is often not feasible with morphology‑based approaches. DNA metabarcoding represents an alternative approach for studying multiple stressor interactions at species level.
In an outdoor experiment over 10,000 specimens from the insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT), which are routinely used as bioindicators, and their responses to stressors were studied. In the experiment salinity, fine sediment deposition and flow velocity were manipulated in a full‑factorial design in 64 mesocosms with two microhabitats each (streambed and leaf litter), resulting in eight replicates per treatment. DNA metabarcoding revealed 122 EPT Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), from which the most abundant 27 alone showed 14 different response patterns to the applied stressors. The high taxonomic resolution achieved by DNA metabarcoding revealed species specific stressor responses that were hidden at a lower taxonomic resolution. As a prominent example, Rhithrogena semicolorata responded negatively to fine sediment deposition and flow velocity reduction, while Ecdyonurus torrentis (both Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera) was insensitive to experimental manipulation, highlighting different stressor responses among species within the same family (Fig. 1, Beermann et al. 2020).
Even for well-studied organisms such as EPT taxa, this study shows that DNA metabarcoding has the potential to depict response patterns at species or OTU level despite high specimen abundance. Consequently, DNA metabarcoding promises to be a rewarding method when investigating and assessing multiple stressor effects on stream water quality.
Decona: From demultiplexing to consensus for Nanopore amplicon data
Authors: Oosterbroek Saskia , Doorenspleet Karlijn , Nijland Reindert , Jansen Lara 
Published: March 2021

Sequencing of long amplicons is one of the major benefits of Nanopore technologies, as it allows for reads much longer than Illumina. One of the major challenges for the analysis of these long Nanopore reads is the relatively high error rate. Sequencing errors are generally corrected by consensus generation and polishing. This is still a challenge for mixed samples such as metabarcoding environmental DNA, bulk DNA, mixed amplicon PCR’s and contaminated samples because sequence data would have to be clustered before consensus generation.
To this end, we developed Decona (https://github.com/Saskia-Oosterbroek/decona), a command line tool that creates consensus sequences from mixed (metabarcoding) samples using a single command. Decona uses the CD-hit algorithm to cluster reads after demultiplexing (qcat) and filtering (NanoFilt). The sequences in each cluster are subsequently aligned (Minimap2), consensus sequences are generated (Racon) and finally polished (Medaka). Variant calling of the clusters (Medaka) is optional. With the integration of the BLAST+ application Decona does not only generate consensus sequences but also produces BLAST output if desired. The program can be used on a laptop computer making it suitable for use under field conditions.
Amplicon data ranging from 300-7500 nucleotides was successfully processed by Decona, creating consensus sequences reaching over 99,9% read identity. This included fish datasets (environmental DNA from filtered water) from a curated aquarium, vertebrate datasets that were contaminated with human sequences and separating sponge sequences from their countless microbial symbionts.
Decona considerably simplifies and speeds up post sequencing processes, providing consensus sequences and BLAST output through a single command. Classifying consensus sequences instead of raw sequences improves classification accuracy and drastically decreases the amount of sequences that need to be classified. Overall it is a user friendly option for researchers with limited knowledge of script based data processing.
Revisiting global biogeography of freshwater diatoms: new insights from molecular data
Authors: Chonova Teofana , Rimet Frédéric , Bouchez Agnès , Keck François 
Published: March 2021

The high-dispersal rates of microorganisms have driven to the expectation of their cosmopolitan geographic distribution. However, recent studies demonstrate that microorganisms instead show particular biogeography. Despite the existence of cosmopolitan species, geographically limited microbial groups have been found in aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide.
Diatoms are long time used model to study the biogeography of microorganisms. They are unicellular eukaryotic microalgae that contribute significantly to the aquatic primary production and have huge taxonomic diversity and marked species-specific ecological preferences. Several authors considered that diatoms have no limits in dispersion and are ubiquitously present. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that endemism exists for several genera, and species may have low dispersal capacity. However, all these studies are based on data obtained by microscopy and therefore suffer from the many well-identified biases associated with the optical identification of microorganisms at large scale.
Metabarcoding technologies provide an access to taxonomic precision with a higher resolution compared to microscopy and open therefore the possibility of analyzing microbial diversity at genetic level. Recent bioinformatics tools allow reliable and standardized comparison of large datasets originating from distant geographic regions, overcoming issues related to biases in species identification.
In this study we used metabarcoding data to revisit central questions in freshwater diatom biogeography. We assembled a large dataset of samples of benthic diatoms collected from rivers in seven different geographic regions. These regions cover the subpolar (Fennoscandia), temperate (France Mainland) and tropical (West Africa, French Guyana, New Caledonia, Tahiti island and Mayotte island) climate zones. The selected geographic regions can also be classified into four continental areas (Fennoscandia, France Mainland, West Africa, and French Guyana) and three islands (New Caledonia, Tahiti and Mayotte).
We analyzed diatom alpha, beta and gamma diversity patterns in this dataset to address two main questions: 1) the presence of a latitudinal gradient in diatom diversity and 2) the cosmopolitanism of diatoms.
Similarly to results previously reported by Soininen et al. 2016, our data showed a decrease in diatom richness with a decrease in latitude. However, testing the effect of land type (island vs. mainland) showed that this factor explains the actual variability of richness along the climatic gradient and the effect of latitude is not significant. Differences in community structure between regions and climate zones were significant. In multivariate analysis, tropical samples did not overlap with any of the other climate zones, suggesting the specificity of these communities.
Implementation and legal issues of DNA-based monitoring
Authors: Boets Pieter , Hering Daniel , Mergen Patricia 
Published: March 2021

DNA-based methods are at the edge of being implemented into routine monitoring systems. WG5 aimed to develop implementation options for DNA-based methods under a range of environmental directives and legal frameworks, in particular the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the UN SDGs, the Global Biodiversity Assessment under the IPBES, the CBD Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing, the digital sequence information on genetic resources (DSI), the Biodiversity Indicator Partnership, and the Essential Biodiversity Variables. It further aimed at starting the standardisation process for DNA-based methods.
In the talk, we will give an overview of all WG5 activities, with a focus on the options to use DNA-based methods for the implementation of the WFD. Overall, suitability of DNA-based identification is particularly high for fish, as eDNA is a well-suited sampling approach which can replace expensive and potentially harmful methods. For invertebrates and phytobenthos, the main challenges include the modification of indices and completing barcode libraries. For phytoplankton, the barcode libraries are even more problematic, due to the high taxonomic diversity in plankton samples. If current assessment concepts are kept, DNA-based identification is least appropriate for macrophytes (rivers, lakes) and angiosperms/macroalgae (transitional and coastal waters), which are surveyed rather than sampled. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of implementing DNA-based identification into standard ecological assessment, in particular considering any adaptations to existing legislation that may be required to facilitate the transition to using molecular data.
Field and Lab Protocols: Achievements of the DNAqua-Net Working Group 3
Authors: Bruce Kat , Keskin Emre 
Published: March 2021

We review the progress made in building capacity and consensus around field and laboratory methods during the course of the DNAqua-net programme, including short-term scientific missions, training courses, workshops and ring tests.
We highlight the challenge of methodological standardisation, where in some cases the same written protocol employed by different laboratories may not always give the same results, but in other cases almost identical results can be obtained using different methodological workflows. As the field of DNA-based biomonitoring moves increasingly into practical application, we consider how end-users can best ensure quality and consistency of results, while also enabling continued technical innovation, which will continue to move the field forwards. We also reflect on the benefits of multi-stakeholder forums such as DNAqua-net for bridging the research-policy gap and accelerating the application and impact of research.
Finally, we introduce a major output from the working group: A Practical Guide to DNA-based Methods for Biodiversity Assessment, which synthesises current knowledge to help end-users or those new to the field to understand the methodological choices that have to be made, and the trade-offs implicit in those choices.
DNA-based monitoring for assessing the effect of invasive species on aquatic communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador
Authors: Van der Heyden Christine , Riascos Lenin , Carrera-Gonzalez Andrea , Apunte Ramos Katherine Elizabeth , Carbrera Marcela , Espinosa Rodrigo , Boets Pieter , Moens Tom , Vanden Berghe Wim , Verbruggen Erik , Volckaert Filip , Villamarin Francisco , Goethals Peter , Bonilla Julio , Ortega Mauricio , Celi Jorge 
Published: March 2021

Ecuador is well-known as one of the most biodiverse countries, but this species richness is being threatened by invasive alien species. The early detection of these invasive species is crucial for their fast and successful eradication and for limiting their effects on aquatic communities. Therefore, a Belgian VLIR-UOS project was started that aims at the development of a fast detection method to monitor the Ecuadorian Amazon river basin for the presence of invasive fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. An (e)DNA field lab, equipped with miniaturized and portable DNA-processing equipment, such as centrifuges, thermal cyclers, and electrophoresis equipment (MiniPCR), was developed. In the next phase, the Nanopore Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) technique (MinION) will be optimized to enable the eDNA-based biomonitoring of tropical aquatic environments in the field. The fast detection of invasive species may help to prevent their further spread and perhaps even facilitate their eradication, and will promote more effective actions for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
Furthermore, new DNA-sequences of amphibians, macroinvertebrates, and fishes are being incorporated into the newly developed Ecuadorian DNA database. We also focus on building and strengthening the capacities of staff and students (Ecuadorian as well as Belgian) through theses, practical courses, field work, trainings and internships.
Évaluons, évoluons
Authors: Savy Hervé 
Published: March 2021

L’ évaluation certificative constitue le moteur de la rencontre entre le monde socioprofessionnel et celui de la formation pour la « reconnaissance sociale » des diplômes. Si des opinions tranchées s’ expriment sur les dispositifs d’ évaluation, il est nécessaire d’ envisager des changements, premièrement pour rechercher de meilleures performances et équité et, deuxièmement, car toute recherche d’ amélioration concernera nécessairement la fonction d’ évaluation. Aller plus loin dans l’ évaluation de capacités complexes d’un haut niveau d’intégration, significatives de compétences dans des situations les plus proches possibles de situations professionnelles ou sociales authentiques, semble une voie à accentuer. Dans une recherche d’ amélioration, on pourrait remplacer le contrôle en cours de formation et les épreuves terminales nationales par une combinaison de situations d’ évaluation internes et externes, utilisées au moment judicieux, en fonction des conditions d’ évaluation et des acquis des candidats. Concernant les références du système, on pourrait travailler sur des banques de situations d’ évaluation. Il serait également pertinent d’ envisager d’autres méthodes que la notation et de questionner la compensation. Toute évolution nécessiterait un effort significatif de formation des formateurs, de recherche, d’ expérimentation et d’innovation. Ce mouvement entraînerait créativité et dynamisme.
Évaluons, évoluons
Authors: Barrué Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Si l’ évaluation certificative apparaît comme une pratique de tradition déjà séculaire qui se perpétue, doit-on penser que l’ Éducation nationale n’ évolue pas ? Le chapitre témoigne de l’inverse. Dès 2005, les influences de l’ allongement de la scolarisation obligatoire, de la demande industrielle et commerciale sur les besoins et la nature de la formation, de l’ harmonisation européenne, de la recherche en éducation, ont conduit à cette révolution copernicienne d’ une formation des élèves par et pour les compétences. Entre tradition et révolution des conceptions et des pratiques l’ évaluation, l’ Éducation nationale cherche sa nouvelle voie.
Évaluons, évoluons
Authors: Abernot Yvan 
Published: March 2021

L’ évaluation occupe beaucoup les partenaires de l’ éducation : les élèves et les enseignants mais aussi les parents, les institutionnels, les employeurs, les chercheurs. Les actions, objets (au sens philosophique), processus, implications, etc. s’ organisent dans une variété infinie et constituent une caractéristique fondamentale du vivant. Au sens de la taxonomie des objectifs pédagogiques de Bloom (1969), elle participe à l’ évolution de l’ homme phylogénétique aussi bien qu’ ontogénétique : se connaître soi-même pour évoluer. L’ homme se distingue donc par une capacité d’ évaluation très corrélée à sa capacité d’ évolution. Progressivement, dans un mouvement général de spécialisation, les parents ont délégué une partie de l’ éducation et bientôt, une période de l’ enfance s’ est vue formalisée en scolarisation. Sa fréquentation se généralisant, l’ École a dû assumer deux missions sociales difficiles à concilier : former et sélectionner. Parallèlement, elle a dû établir un équilibre entre progression des savoirs académiques et éducation des attitudes et des valeurs. Ces finalités sont encore aujourd’ hui en débat, surtout lorsqu’ il s’ agit d’ en évaluer la pertinence et de rendre compte des progressions sur les deux axes. Leur complémentarité ne va pas de soi car plus il est fait de place aux savoirs académiques, moins il en reste pour des objectifs psychosociaux.
Évaluons, évoluons
Authors: Mottier Lopez Lucie 
Published: March 2021

Depuis les années 80 en France, la notion de « culture de l’ évaluation » en éducation est évoquée et pourtant il apparaît qu’ elle reste peu définie. Elle fait souvent office de rhétorique politique pour influencer les pratiques d’ évaluation des enseignants, notamment à travers l’ usage d’ épreuves externes. L’ article discute cette notion controversée et propose, à partir d’ une définition de la culture du sociologue Guy Rocher, un cadre théorique pour appréhender la culture de l’ évaluation dans une perspective essentiellement interprétative. Différents travaux sont ensuite revisités à la lumière de ces propositions. Il en est ainsi des recherches menées en Australie qui visent, à travers des pratiques dites de « modération sociale » à soutenir la construction d’ une culture de l’ évaluation partagée entre les acteurs de terrain. D’ une culture de l’ évaluation-contrôle qui véhicule les normes et les valeurs des « gestionnaires » des systèmes éducatifs, on tente de passer à une culture construite conjointement avec les enseignants, considérant leurs pratiques situées en interaction avec les référents institutionnels. L’ article conclut sur l’ intérêt de penser l’ évaluation en tant que pratique dialogique, au sein de confrontations intersubjectives de jugements et de construction de consensus entre professionnels de l’ éducation.