bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Milan System for Reporting Pediatric Salivary Gland Cytopathology: Analysis of histologic follow‐up, risk of malignancy, and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Wang Huiying , Weiss Vivian Lee , Borinstein Scott C. , Ely Kim , Johnson Joyce , Coogan Alice , Belcher Ryan , Mannion Kyle , Virgin Frank , Liang Jiancong 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients can be challenging. The utility of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology and the performance of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) in this age group have not been systematically assessed. The paucity of data has contributed to the controversial role of FNA cytopathology in the presurgical management of these patients.MethodsThe authors retrospectively analyzed 104 pediatric salivary gland FNAs (2000‐2020). A correlation with the available histopathologic follow‐up (n = 54) was performed. The distribution percentages, the risk of neoplasm (RON), and the risk of malignancy (ROM) were assessed for each category of the MSRSGC.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of pediatric salivary gland FNAs were 80%, 97%, and 92%, respectively. The RON values for the nondiagnostic, nonneoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance, benign neoplasm, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant categories were 60%, 11%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, whereas the ROM values were 0%, 11%, 100%, 6%, 67%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The percentage of nonneoplastic FNAs was greater in comparison with the adult population (52% vs 8%). All neoplasms in patients aged 0 to 10 years were malignant, whereas benign neoplasms occurred only in patients aged ≥11 years; this supported an inverse correlation between age and malignancy rate in salivary gland neoplasms.ConclusionsFNA cytopathology demonstrates excellent diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant and benign pediatric salivary gland lesions. The MSRSGC is a valuable tool for standardization of the reporting and preoperative risk stratification of these lesions.
Cytopathology practice during the COVID‐19 postlockdown: An Italian experience
Authors: Vigliar Elena , Cepurnaite Rima , Iaccarino Antonino , Pisapia Pasquale , De Luca Caterina , Malapelle Umberto , Bellevicine Claudio , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDuring the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the cytopathology workload has decreased remarkably worldwide as all screening and elective procedures have been postponed to prioritize the clinical management of patients at high oncological risk. In the current study, the authors provide data on the lasting impact of COVID‐19 on cytopathology practice during the initial phases of the Italian postlockdown period.MethodsThe percentages of the cytological sample types processed at the University of Naples Federico II during the first 12 weeks of the Italian postlockdown period were compared with those of the same period in 2019. The study period was divided into four 3‐week periods. Differences in the rates of malignant diagnoses were also assessed.ResultsDuring the 12‐week study period, the overall cytological sample workload decreased by 41.6% in comparison with 2019. In particular, the workload significantly declined for each sample type: Pap smears, –33.3%; urine, –42.8%; serous fluids, –14.4%; thyroid, –54.5%; breast, –43%; lymph node, –27.3%; and salivary gland, –61%. By contrast, the overall malignancy rate was significantly increased (P = .0011).ConclusionsThe reduction in the cytological sample workload during the postlockdown period still represents an ongoing effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic. On the other hand, the rise in the overall malignancy rate reflects the importance of prioritizing diagnostic procedures for patients at high oncological risk.
Evaluation of stemness properties of cells derived from granulation tissue of peri‐implantitis lesions
Authors: Gousopoulou Evangelia , Bakopoulou Athina , Apatzidou Danae Anastasia , Leyhausen Gabriele , Volk Joachim , Staufenbiel Ingmar , Geurtsen Werner , Adam Knut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeri‐implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory disease associated with peri‐implant bone loss and impaired healing potential. There is limited evidence about the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their regenerative properties within the granulation tissue (GT) of infrabony peri‐implantitis defects. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cells derived from the GT of infrabony PI lesions (peri‐implantitis derived mesenchymal stromal cells—PIMSCs).Material and MethodsPIMSC cultures were established from GT harvested from PI lesions with a pocket probing depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing/suppuration, and radiographic evidence of an infrabony component from four systemically healthy individuals. Cultures were analyzed for embryonic (SSEA4, NANOG, SOX2, OCT4A), mesenchymal (CD90, CD73, CD105, CD146, STRO1) and hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) stem cell markers using flow cytometry. PIMSC cultures were induced for neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation by respective media. Cultures were analyzed for morphological changes and mineralization potential (Alizarin Red S method). Gene expression of neurogenic (NEFL, NCAM1, TUBB3, ENO2), angiogenic (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, PECAM1) and osteogenic (ALPL, BGLAP, BMP2, RUNX2) markers was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsPIMSC cultures demonstrated high expression of embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell markers with inter‐individual variability. After exposure to neurogenic, angiogenic and osteogenic conditions, PIMSCs showed pronounced tri‐lineage differentiation potential, as evidenced by their morphology and expression of respective markers. High mineralization potential was observed.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that MSC‐like populations reside within the GT of PI lesions and exhibit a multilineage differentiation potential. Further studies are needed to specify the biological role of these cells in the healing processes of inflamed PI tissues and to provide indications for their potential use in regenerative therapies.
New surgery approaches preserving entire papilla to treat isolated interdental intrabony defects: A narrative review
Authors: Pei Xiyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo review novel techniques of preserving the entire papilla to minimize the trauma of fragile papilla in periodontal regeneration surgeries.Material and methodsElectronic databases (Pubmed) and relevant journals were searched until September 4, 2020. Randomized controlled trials, cross‐sectional and cohort studies in English were included. Three novel approaches of preserving the entire papilla were applied to bone regeneration for intrabony defects, which were entire papilla preservations (EPP), nonincised papillae surgical approach (NIPSA) and modified vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (M‐VISTA).ResultsRandomized control trials of the novel preserving entire papilla techniques were rarely reported. There were only case series or cohort studies. Several papilla preservation techniques (PPT) or minimally invasiveness surgical techniques (MIST) have existed for a long time. However, these techniques still have dissection at the papilla. There were no related RCTs comparing the three novel approaches of keeping the entire papilla with PPT and MIST. All three techniques showed totally primary wound closure. Compared with PPT/MIST, EPP and NIPSA seemed to have better clinical outcomes in reducing probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain.ConclusionsEPP and NIPSA seemed to have advanced results of PD reduction and CAL gain than PPT and MIST. This is needed to be confirmed by further research.
Pollination system and deficit irrigation affect flavonolignan components of sylimarin, oil, and productivity of milk thistle
Authors: Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Vakili Ziba , Shahidaval Samaneh , Hughes Nia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant tissues interact strongly with environmental conditions and breeding systems. Limited knowledge is available on the effects of breeding system (self vs. open pollination) and deficit irrigation on the composition of flavonolignans, seed yield, and oil content of different genotypes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Four ecotypes of Iranian milk thistle collected from diverse geographical regions were each self‐ and open‐pollinated; they were then assessed in the field under both normal and deficit irrigation for seed yield, oil percentage, silymarin, and its components during 2014 and 2015. Deficit irrigation decreased seed yield and silybin A but increased total silymarin content, silybin B, and silydianin. In both moisture environments, seed yield was positively associated with oil percentage and silybin A. Open pollination improved seed yield, oil percentage, total silymarin, and its components in milk thistle ecotypes as compared with self‐pollination. Considerable genetic variability was observed among the evaluated ecotypes in their response to moisture environments and pollination status. Under open pollination, the northern Iranian ecotypes Mashhad and Sari were identified as promising varieties for further studies.
Genome‐wide association analysis of drought adaptive traits in common bean
Authors: Dramadri Isaac O. , Nkalubo Stanley T. , Kramer David M. , Kelly James D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to determine the genetic architecture of yield component and photosynthetic (PS) traits in 256 common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) genotypes from the Andean gene pool. The panel was evaluated under drought stress (DS) and non‐stress (NS) conditions at two locations for two seasons in Uganda and genotyped with 260K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Significant association signals were detected for yield component and PS traits on chromosomes Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, Pv06, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11. Colocalized GWAS signals were detected for pod weight per plant (PW) and seed yield per plant (SY) on Pv06 with ten significant markers and for PhiNPQ, LEF, Phi2, and PhiNO on Pv11 under DS. Positional candidate genes were identified within the 1.76 Mb common region for PW and SY under DS on Pv06 includingPhvul.006G117500, Phvul.006G119800, andPhvul.006G130500annotated as plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor (INH/PMEI) superfamily protein, involved in sucrose metabolism and signaling.Phvul.006G121200, 14.9Kb upstream of marker S06_23021418 (23.02Mb) on Pv06, encodes Protein phosphatase 2C family protein involved in ABA signaling pathway. Positional candidate genes for PS traits PhiNPQ, LEF, Phi2, and PhiNO on Pv11 under DS were identified includingPhvul.011G178200, Phvul.011G178250, Phvul.011G178300, andPhvul.011G178500between 48.94–49.96 Mb annotated as “RING/U‐BOX SUPERFAMILY PROTEIN”, ubiquitin ligase (E3) involved in ABA‐mediated responses. Significant markers associated with colocalized GWAS signal for SY and PW on Pv06 identified in this study can be validated for marker assisted breeding to improve drought tolerance in large‐seeded Andean beans.
Structural properties of Li atom under quantum and classical plasmas: A composite variational framework
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Nayek Sujay Kr. , Saha Jayanta K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStructural properties of 1s2nl (2L) [n = 2–5, l = 0–4; where, n and l are the principal quantum number and orbital angular momentum quantum number, respectively] states of Li atom embedded in classical weakly coupled plasma (WCP) and dense quantum plasma (DQP) have been discussed. The Debye‐Hckel potential or the screened‐Coulomb potential (SCP) and exponential‐cosine‐screened Coulomb potential (ECSCP) have been used to mimic the WCP and DQP, respectively. Li atom has been treated as a composite system with a frozen core Li+ ion and a chemically active valence electron. The Rayleigh‐Ritz variational method with Hylleraas‐type basis set has been used to estimate the energy eigenvalue of 1s2 (1S) state of Li+ ion core and a pure exponential basis has been considered to compute the energy of nl (2L) states of the valence electron of Li atom. The influence of ECSCP and SCP on the radial probability distribution of the valence electron of the Li atom has also been studied.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxy evodiamine derivatives as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Peng Yijiao , Xiong Runde , Li Zhen , Peng Junmei , Xie Zhi‐Zhong , Lei Xiao‐Yong , He Dongxiu , Tang Guotao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of compounds bearing 3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxy module into the core structure of evodiamine were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antitumor potential. MTT results showed that compounds 14a–14c and 14i–14j had significant effects, with compound 14h being the most prominent, with an IC50 value of 3.3 ± 1.5 μM, which was lower than evodiamine and 5‐Fu. Subsequent experiments further confirmed that compound 14h could inhibit cell proliferation and migration, and induce G2/M phase arrest to inhibit the proliferation of HGC‐27 cells, which is consistent with the results of the cytotoxicity experiment. Besides, 14h could inhibit microtubule assembly and might kill tumor cells by inhibiting VEGF and glycolysis. All experimental results indicate that compound 14h might be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer and was worthy of further study.
Using visual encounter data to improve capture–recapture abundance estimates
Authors: Joseph Maxwell B. , Knapp Roland A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCapture–recapture studies are widely used in ecology to estimate population sizes and demographic rates. In some capture–recapture studies, individuals may be visually encountered but not identified. For example, if individual identification is only possible upon capture and individuals escape capture, visual encounters can result in failed captures where individual identities are unknown. In such cases, the data consist of capture histories with known individual identities, and counts of failed captures for individuals with unknown identities. These failed captures are ignored in traditional capture–recapture analyses that require known individual identities. Here, we show that if animals can be encountered at most once per sampling occasion, failed captures provide lower bounds on population size that can increase the precision of abundance estimates. Analytical results and simulations indicate that visual encounter data improve abundance estimates when capture probabilities are low, and when there are few repeat surveys. We present a hierarchical Bayesian approach for integrating failed captures and auxiliary encounter data in statistical capture–recapture models. This approach can be integrated with existing capture–recapture models and may prove particularly useful for hard to capture species in data‐limited settings.
The course of patients with Chagas heart disease during episodes of decompensated heart failure
Authors: Issa Victor Sarli , Ayub‐Ferreira Silvia Moreira , Schroyens Matthew , Chizzola Paulo Roberto , Soares Paulo Rogerio , Lage Silvia Helena Gelas , Bocchi Edimar Alcides 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to analyse the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and decompensated heart failure (HF), as compared with other aetiologies.Methods and resultsA prospective cohort of patients admitted with decompensated HF. We included 767 patients (63.9% male), with median age of 58 years [interquartile range 48.2–66.7 years]. Main aetiologies were non‐Chagas/non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathies in 389 (50.7%) patients, ischaemic disease in 209 (27.2%), and Chagas disease in 169 (22%). Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 26% (interquartile range 22–35%). Patients with Chagas differed from both patients with non‐Chagas/non‐ischaemic and ischaemic cardiomyopathies for a higher proportion of cardiogenic shock at admission (17.8%, 11.6%, and 11%, respectively, P < 0.001) and had lower blood pressure at admission (systolic blood pressure 90 [80–102.5], 100 [85–110], and 100 [88.2–120] mmHg, P < 0.001) and lower heart rate (heart rate 71 [60–80], 87 [70–102], and 79 [64–96.5] b.p.m., P < 0.001). Further, patients with Chagas had higher serum BNP level (1544 [734–3148], 1061 [465–239], and 927 [369–1455] pg/mL, P < 0.001), higher serum bilirubin (1.4 [0.922.44], 1.2 [0.77–2.19], and 0.84 [0.49–1.45] mg/dL, P < 0.001), larger left ventricular diameter (68 [63–73], 67 [58–74], and 62 [56.8–68.3] mm, respectively, P < 0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (25 [21–30]%, 26 [22–35]%, and 30 [25–38]%, P < 0.001), and a higher proportion of patients with right ventricular function (48.8%, 40.7%, and 25.9%, P < 0.001). Patients with Chagas disease were more likely to receive inotropes than patients with non‐Chagas/non‐ischaemic and ischaemic cardiomyopathies (77.5%, 67.5%, and 62.5%, respectively, P = 0.007) and also to receive intra‐aortic balloon pumping (30.8%, 16.2%, and 10.5%, P < 0.001). Overall, the rates of death or urgent transplant were higher among patients with Chagas than in other aetiologies, a difference that was driven mostly due to increased rate of heart transplant during hospital admission (20.2%, 10.3%, and 8.1%). The prognosis of patients at 180 days after hospital admission was worse for patients with Chagas disease as compared with other aetiologies. In patients with Chagas, age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.934, confidence interval (CI)95% 0.901–0.982, P = 0.005], right ventricular dysfunction by echocardiography (OR = 2.68, CI95% 1.055–6.81, P = 0.016), and urea (OR = 1.009, CI95% 1.001–1.018, P = 0.038) were significantly associated with prognosis.ConclusionsPatients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and decompensated HF have a distinct clinical presentation and worse prognosis compared with other aetiologies.
TNFR2 expression is a hallmark of human memory B cells with suppressive function
Authors: Ticha Olga , Slanina Peter , Moos Lukas , Stichova Julie , Vlkova Marcela , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression is increasingly being linked to tolerogenic immune reactions and cells with suppressor function including a subset of T‐regulatory cells. B‐regulatory cells play an important role in control of T‐cell responses and inflammation. Recently, we described TNFR2 as a marker for IL‐10‐producing B cells, a hallmark of this cell subset. Here, we demonstrate that proliferation of T cells is reduced in the presence of TNFR2 positive human memory B cells generated with TLR9 ligand, while TNFR2‐ and TNFR2+CD27‐ B cells display costimulatory activity. Our data further reveal that IL‐10 secretion is characteristic of IgM+ naïve and memory B cells but suppressive activity is not restricted to IL‐10: (i) the inhibitory effect of TNFR2+ switched memory B cells was comparable to that exerted by TNFR2+ IgM+ memory B cells although IL‐10 secretion levels in the cocultures were lower; (ii) supernatants from TNFR2+ memory B cells failed to suppress T‐cell proliferation. Based on our findings, we propose that formation of Breg is a specific characteristic of human memory B cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Our data further corroborate that TNFR2 represents a viable marker for identification of memory B cells with regulatory function.
The “gay agenda:” How the myth of gay affluence impedes the progress toward equality
Authors: Bettinsoli Maria Laura , Napier Jaime L. , Carnaghi Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that gay men and lesbian women face significant economic disparities compared to their heterosexual counterparts, people appear to believe that the opposite is true, a phenomenon which has been dubbed the “myth of gay affluence.” In the current research (Ntot = 2,162), we address the consequences of this belief. Specifically, we hypothesize and find that believing that gay men and lesbian women are financially well off—either chronically (Study 1) or because of an experimental manipulation (Studies 2–3)—leads participants to deny discrimination against gay men and lesbian women, above and beyond anti‐gay attitudes, and this is mediated by the belief that there is a “gay agenda” that is backed by powerful lobbyists. Thus, perpetuating this myth—either intentionally or inadvertently—could have deleterious effects on efforts for social change and the promotion of rights for sexual minorities.
Influence of elevated temperature and reduced pressure on the degradation of iron nitride compound layer formed by plasma nitriding in AISI D2 tool steels
Authors: Ratayski Ulrike , Schimpf Christian , Wüstefeld Christina , Dalke Anke , Biermann Horst , Rafaja David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe stability of an iron nitride compound layer prepared by plasma nitriding of AISI D2 tool steel is investigated using in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction at rising temperature up to 470°C and for an isothermal treatment at 450°C. Both kinds of experiment were carried out in vacuum. For all treatments, the iron nitride compound layer, which consists mainly of ε‐Fe3N, decomposes and forms an α‐Fe ‘black’ layer. The stability of the iron nitride compound layer is discussed in terms of the phase composition, the relative change of the lattice parameter, the nitrogen content and the decomposition kinetic. The decomposition takes place via a phase transition in two steps: (i) the out‐diffusion of nitrogen from ε‐Fe3N above an annealing temperature of 300°C and (ii) the transformation of ε‐Fe3Ny into α‐Fe when the nitrogen content (y) declines below 0.66. The second step is accompanied by the formation of Fe3C precipitates at about 450°C.
A unified skew‐normal geostatistical factor model
Authors: Minozzo Marco , Bagnato Luca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe classical linear model of coregionalization and its simpler counterpart known as the proportional covariance model, or intrinsic correlation model, have become standard tools in many areas of application for the analysis of multivariate spatial data. Despite the merits of this model, it guarantees optimal predictions only in the case of Gaussian data and can lead to erroneous conclusions in all other circumstances, in particular in the presence of skew data. To deal with multivariate geostatistical data showing some degree of skewness, this article proposes a latent spatial factor model in which all finite‐dimensional marginal distributions are multivariate unified skew‐normal. For this model, we can write the log‐likelihood function of the data and implement a maximum likelihood estimation procedure which enables the simultaneous estimation of all parameters of the model. Moreover, we also show how the computational burden involved in the nonlinear mapping of the latent factors can be substantially reduced by exploiting a linearity property of the predictions. The sampling performances of the inferential procedures are investigated in some thorough simulation studies, and an application to radioactive contamination data is presented to show the flexibility of the model. Detailed derivations of our results are available as Supplementary Material.