bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Solar Surface Convection Using Doppler Measurements
Authors: Kashyap Samarth G. , Hanasoge Shravan M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory records line-of-sight Dopplergram images of convective flows on the surface. These images are used to obtain the multiscale convective spectrum. We design a pipeline to process the raw images to remove large-scale features like differential rotation, meridional circulation, limb shift, and imaging artifacts. The Hierarchical Equal Area Pixelization scheme is used to perform spherical harmonic transforms on the cleaned image. Because we only have access to line-of-sight velocities on half the solar surface, we define a “mixing matrix” to relate the observed and true spectra. This enables the inference of poloidal and toroidal flow spectra in a single step through the inversion of the mixing matrix. Performing inversions on a number of flow profiles, we find that the poloidal flow recovery is most reliable among all the components. We also find that the poloidal spectrum is in qualitative agreement with inferences from Local Correlation Tracking of granules. The fraction of power in vertical motions increases as a function of wavenumber and is at the 8% level for ℓ = 1500. In contrast to seismic results and LCT, the flows show nearly no temporal-frequency dependence. Poloidal flow power peaks in the range of ℓ − ∣m∣ ≈ 150–250, which may potentially hint at a latitudinal preference for convective flows.
Unveiling the Population of Wandering Black Holes via Electromagnetic Signatures
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Tremmel Michael , Natarajan Priyamvada , Quinn Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While most galaxies appear to host a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), they are expected to also contain a substantial population of off-center “wandering” SMBHs naturally produced by the hierarchical merger-driven process of galaxy assembly. This population has been recently characterized in an analysis of the Romulus cosmological simulations, which correct for the dynamical forces on SMBHs without artificially pinning them to halo centers. Here we predict an array of electromagnetic signatures for these wanderers. The predicted wandering population of SMBHs from Romulus broadly reproduces the observed spatial offsets of a recent sample of hyperluminous X-ray sources. We predict that the sources with the most extreme offsets are likely to arise from SMBHs within satellite galaxies. These simulations also predict a significant population of secondary active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with luminosities at least 10% that of the central AGN. The majority of galaxies at z = 4 that host a central AGN with bolometric luminosity L
bol > 1042 erg s−1 are predicted to host a companion off-center AGN of comparable brightness. We demonstrate that stacked X-ray observations of similar mass galaxies may reveal a halo of collective emission attributable to these wanderers. Finally, because wanderers dominate the population of SMBHs with masses of ≲107
M
⊙ in Romulus, they may dominate tidal disruption event (TDE) rates at these masses if they retain a stellar component (e.g., a nuclear star cluster). This could warrant an order of magnitude correction to current theoretically estimated TDE rates at low SMBH masses.
One new species of Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: Shuyu Wei , Mingfu Wang , Dong Zhang 
Published: August 2021

The Fannidae includes over 400 described species mainly known from the Holarctic Region. Species in Oriental Region is under estimate.
A new species of the genus Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) is described from Yunnan, Oriental part of China, namely Fannia menglaensis sp. nov. The detailed description and morphological photographs of F. menglaensis are provided. All specimens are preserved in the Museum of Beijing Forestry University.
Les concepts
Authors: Lavigne Adeline 
Published: August 2021

L’empowerment est un concept émergeant couramment usité dans les discours. Cependant, quel(s) contour(s) donnons-nous à ce concept ? Quelle(s) réalité(s) évoquons-nous ? Sommes-nous, tacitement, collégialement, en accord sur son acception, sur sa définition ? Et, de ce fait, lui conférons-nous la même réalité ? Qu’entendons-nous donc par empowerment, et, par conséquence, qu’est-ce que cela engage et implique ?
Early Christian perspectives on Roman law and Mosaic law
Authors: Fowler Kimberley 
Published: July 2021

This paper will consider four Christian sources from between the second and fourth centuries CE, all of which in their own way represent Roman law as to some degree dependant on, inspired by, or compatible with that of Moses. The nuanced viewpoints put forward by each writer, however, evidence more particular agendas and responses to the challenge of following both God’s laws and those of Rome. Whether authors were writing in the pre- or post-Christianised Empire was a factor in some cases, as was the perceived relationship of certain authors between Christianity and Judaism. I will argue firstly that Roman law was primarily for certain early Christian authors a polemical tool by which to argue for the distinction between Christianity and Judaism. Secondly, I will show that by directly or indirectly connecting the Mosaic and Roman laws, Christian authors were able to further both pro- and anti-Roman agendas.
A comparison of posterior segment optical coherence tomography findings in full-term and preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Martínez-Córdoba Claudia J , Quijano-Nieto Bernardo A , Echeverría-González Claudia L , Sierra-Bernal Rosa M 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Structural differences have been described in the retina of prematurely born children, including increased macular thickness caused by failed migration of the inner retina during development and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning related to low birth weight. The present study aimed to evaluate the differences in macular and RNFL optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings between full-term and preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods:
Thirty-four premature (study group) and 43 full-term patients (control group)—aged 3 to 8 years—were studied. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological exam and OCT of the macula and optic nerve in both eyes to determine macular and RNFL thickness and morphology. Correlation analysis between central macular thickness, age, and visual acuity was also performed.

Results:
Central macular thickness was greater in the study group than in the control group; a difference of 14.2 μm was observed for the right eye (P = 0.002) and 12.16 μm for the left eye (P = 0.019). The thickness of the parafoveal and the perifoveal zones was consistently greater in the study group. 44.3% of eyes in the study group had mild forms of foveal hypoplasia (grades 1a and 1b) in qualitative description. No correlation between central macular thickness and visual acuity was found. There was no difference in RNFL thickness between both groups.

Conclusion:
Statistically significant structural differences were found in the macula of premature children, with a greater foveal thickness possibly reflecting retention of the inner retina during development, with no repercussion over visual acuity. RNFL thickness was similar in both groups.
Tribal Odisha Eye Disease Study (TOES). Report # 8. Childhood cataract surgery and determinants of visual outcome in tribal districts
Authors: Majhi Debasmita , Sachdeva Virender , Warkad Vivekanand Uttamrao , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Natarajan Divya , Karan Sanjib , Garg Bhawna 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic profile, clinical features, visual outcomes, and follow-up patterns after successful cataract surgery in children from the tribal community in Odisha, India.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed records of tribal children aged 4 months–16 years, who underwent public health financed cataract surgery at our institute from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Collected data included demographic profile, clinical features, outcomes, and follow-up. Univariate and multivariate linear regression identified factors affecting the visual outcome at a 6-week follow-up.

Results:
During this period, a total of 352 children [536 eyes; mean age: 9.11 ± 4.4 years, 219 boys (62%)] underwent cataract surgery. The most common etiology and presenting complaints were idiopathic congenital cataract and decreased vision, respectively. In 304 children (86%), presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was <20/200 (1.0 LogMAR), 113 (32%) had associated strabismus, and 57 (16%) had associated nystagmus. The public health agency did not sponsor postoperative follow-up, and only 195 (56%) and 61 (17.3%) children completed a 6-week and a 3-month follow-up, respectively. Median BCVA at 6-week and 3-month review was 20/125 (0.8, interquartile range [IQR], 0.2–2 LogMAR) and 20/60 (0.5, IQR, 0.25–1.35 LogMAR), respectively.

Conclusion:
This study showed that children from the tribal community presented late with poor presenting VA and had suboptimal visual outcomes with inconsistent follow-ups. Greater advocacy, delivery of care closer to the place of residence, and financial support for follow-up care could improve early detection, regular evaluation, and outcomes.
Visual outcomes following cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in vitrectomized eyes among children
Authors: Agarkar Sumita , Mailankody Swathi , Settu Saranya , Srinivasan Ramyaa , Raman Rajiv 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To assess the visual outcomes and associated factors in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:
A total of 52 eyes of 52 children who underwent cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in previously vitrectomized eyes between January 2008 and December 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Descriptive and inferential statistical measurements (Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, odds ratio, multiple logistic regression) were done.

Results:
The mean age at PPV was 11.3 ± 2.9 years. The most common indication for PPV was retinal detachment in 43 eyes (82.69%) and vitreous hemorrhage in 6 eyes (11.53%). The mean preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.31 ± 0.48 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) units (20/400) and 0.69 ± 0.45 logMAR units (20/100), respectively; P < 0.001. The final visual outcome was good in 37 eyes (71.15%) and poor in 15 eyes (28.85%). In mean follow-up of 4 years, 42.3% developed posterior capsular opacification, 13.5% developed glaucoma, and 3.8% had retinal redetachment after cataract surgery. In the presence of macular pathology, the visual outcome was poor (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 4.26, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Cataract surgery with IOL implantation in vitrectomized eyes among children is a safe procedure and can improve visual acuity and quality of life. However, the extent of improvement is limited by macular pathology.
Comparison of central corneal thickness using non-contact tono-pachymeter (Tonopachy) with ultrasound pachymetry in normal children and in children with refractive error
Authors: Thiagarajan Kiruthikadevi , Srinivasan Kavitha , Gayam Keerthi , Rengaraj Venkatesh 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by non-contact tono-pachymeter [Tonopachy (TP)] with the gold standard ultrasound pachymetry (UP) in normal children and in children with refractive error.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 95 normal children (190 eyes) and 123 children with refractive error (246 eyes), a total of 218 children (436 eyes) aged 7-15 years. After refraction and complete ophthalmic evaluation, axial length was measured with IOLMaster 700, CCT was measured with TP followed by UP. The correlation between the CCT measurements obtained with the two methods was analysed by Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the limits of agreement were assessed with Bland-Altman analysis plot.

Results:
Mean CCT measured with TP was 537.46 ± 36.41 μm and by UP was 537.17 ± 39.80 μm in normal children (P = 0.79) and in refractive error group, the mean CCT was 533.50 ± 34.91 μm by TP and 531.60 ± 36.30 μm by UP (P = 0.04). The 95% limits of agreement between TP and UP ranged from -19.2 to + 21.6 μm (mean = 1.20) for total children, -20.8 to + 21.4 μm (mean = 0.29) for normal group and -18.0 to + 21.8 μm (mean = 1.90) for refractive error group. ICC for CCT measurement between TP and UP was 0.980 for total children and refractive error group and 0.981 for normal group.

Conclusion:
The CCT measurement obtained by TP showed an excellent agreement with UP. Hence non-contact TP can be used to assess CCT in children above seven years of age.
Evaluation and comparison of conjunctival swab polymerase chain reaction results in SARS-CoV-2 patients with and without ocular manifestations
Authors: Kaur Prempal , Sehgal Gaurang , Shailpreet  , Singh KD , Singh Bhavkaran 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in tears of patients with and without ocular symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.

Methods:
The prospective observational study conducted on 60 consecutive SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with ocular complaints was compared with 60 controls who had no ocular manifestations. The tear samples were taken within 48 h of admission from both the eyes of the enrolled patients for evaluating the presence SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Eleven cases (18.33%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in tears on RT-PCR from cojunctival swab compared to 10 (16.66%) controls. The difference was not statistical significant. The difference between mean age of patients who tested positive or negative was also without statistical significance (P = 0.652), but the difference between patients who tested positive or negative by conjunctival swab for SARS-CoV-2 was statistically significant in terms of severity of COVID-19 disease (P = 0.0011), presence of comorbidity (P = 0.0015), mean TLC (P = 0.00498), and mean d dimer (P = 0.00465).

Conclusion:
Though the percentage of patients with positive RT PCR from conjunctival secretions is significantly less than nasopharyngeal swabs, potential risk of transmission of SARS-Co-2 through tears cannot be ruled out. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can be present in tears irrespective of ocular involvement.
Intricate scientometric analysis and citation trend of COVID-19-related publications in Indian Journal of Ophthalmology during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Gurnani Bharat 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To analyze the trend of COVID-19-related publications in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO) and assess the specialty wise correlation, distribution, and citation trend during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all COVID-19-related articles was performed from April 2020 to May 2021. The bibliographic records were obtained from the website of IJO, Editor IJO email, and PubMed. The data was then exported as XML into Microsoft access for scientometric analysis. The articles were segregated as Original, Review, Case Report/Series, Letter to the Editor/Commentary, Guest Editorial, PointCounterpoint, Consensus Criteria, Ophthalmic Images, Photo Essay, Surgical Techniques, and All India Ophthalmic Society Meeting Papers. The data was comprehensively analyzed for specialty-wise correlations, distribution, citation trend, and reasons for the same.

Results:
A total of 231 COVID-19-related articles were published during the study period. The maximum articles were [82 (35.49%)] letters to the editor, followed by [51 (22.08%)] original articles, [30 (12.99%)] commentaries, and [20 (8.66%)] editorials. The least were perspectives, consensus, images, and photo assay with [1 (0.43%)] each. The maximum publications were in July [44 (19.05%)] and least in April [1 (0.43%)]. Considering specialty, the maximum articles were related to general ophthalmology [124 (53.68%)] and least were in refractive surgery and community ophthalmology with [1 (0.43%)] each. The maximum citations were for original articles [352 (34.65%)], which was 2.3 times higher than review articles and letters to editor [150 (14.76%)]. General ophthalmology had 740 (72.83%) citations, which were nearly five times that of cornea [140 (13.78%)].

Conclusion:
The IJO showed a trough and crest pattern of COVID-19 publications month wise. Letter to editor and general ophthalmology COVID-19 articles had maximum publications with maximum citations for general ophthalmology owing to practice patterns and COVID-19 challenges.
Effect of 2 mg Versus 4 mg of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid on Bone Mineral Density at the Lumbar Spine in Indian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Durgia Harsh , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Ramkumar Govindarajalou , Sarkar Sonali , Reddy Sagili Vihaya Bhaskar , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Palui Rajan , Raj Henith 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The primary purpose was to compare the effect of 2 mg and 4 mg of intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA) on change in the lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) at the end of 1 year in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The secondary objectives were changes in BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, change in bone turnover markers (BTMs), and the incidence of new fractures.

Methods:
This was a double-blind, parallel-arm, randomized control trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 done in 70 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Findings:
The mean (±standard deviation) percentage increase in LS BMD at the end of 1 year was 4.86% ± 3.05% and 5.35% ± 3.73% in the 2 mg and 4 mg group, respectively. The dose of 2 mg ZA proved to be inferior to 4 mg with a noninferiority margin of 0.5%. There was no difference in BMD change at hip and BTMs between the two groups at the end of 1 year. Only one patient in 4 mg group developed two new vertebral fractures during a 12-month follow-up. Acute-phase reactions were the most common (43%) side-effects noted without any difference between the two groups (P = 0.63).

Conclusion:
This study failed to show the noninferiority of 2 mg ZA compared to 4 mg ZA for change in LS BMD at the end of 1 year.
The Pattern of Medication Usage in the Southern Region of Iran
Authors: Zare Marziyeh , Afifi Saba , Alizadeh Bahmani Amir Hossein , Karimzadeh Iman , Salehi-Marzijarani Mohammad , Zarei Leila , Honarvar Behnam , Ghahremani Sulmaz , Lankarani Kamran B. , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Peymani Payam 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to document the demographic data, to assess the proportion of consumed medicines and the amounts and types of drugs available to households, and to to estimate the probable prevalence of certain diseases in the southern region of Iran.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional population-based study carried out in Shiraz (the central city in the Southern part of Iran), we documented and evaluated the drug usage details in a random sample of 1000 households during 2018–2020. We analyzed the usage of drug categories based on the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, which the World Health Organization recommends.

Findings:
In the studied population, the average age (± standard deviation) was 45.54 ± 15.82, ranged 18–91 years. More than 90% had medical insurance coverage. About 81.8% of the participants had individual family medicine practitioners, and most of them (93.8%) received medications with a physician's prescription. The most frequently used medications were cough and cold preparations (12.9%), nervous system drugs (12.6%), and cardiovascular system drugs (11.6%).

Conclusion:
Despite the easy access to medications for most participants, few individuals (about 6%) received their medications without a prescription. The most frequently prescribed medicines were the common cold, acetaminophen, and metformin. Common cold, gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, and diabetes were the most commonly used medication classes. Furthermore, we have found a probably higher than average prevalence of cardiovascular, GI, and endocrine disorders. This information could be used by the local policymakers as a basis for the estimation and allotment of health-care resources.
A new complemented subspace for the Lorentz sequence spaces, with an application to its lattice of closed ideals
Authors: Wallis Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show that every Lorentz sequence space
$d(\textbf {w},p)$
admits a 1-complemented subspace Y distinct from
$\ell _p$
and containing no isomorph of
$d(\textbf {w},p)$
. In the general case, this is only the second nontrivial complemented subspace in
$d(\textbf {w},p)$
yet known. We also give an explicit representation of Y in the special case
$\textbf {w}=(n^{-\theta })_{n=1}^\infty $
(
$0<\theta <1$
) as the
$\ell _p$
-sum of finite-dimensional copies of
$d(\textbf {w},p)$
. As an application, we find a sixth distinct element in the lattice of closed ideals of
$\mathcal {L}(d(\textbf {w},p))$
, of which only five were previously known in the general case.
Printing recipes
Authors: Flynn Peter 
Published: July 2021

In an earlier paper [Flynn 2020] I described the implementation of an XML/XSLT system (now named ℞, pronounced ‘recipe’: see http://xml.silmaril.ie/recipes/recipe/) for checking and reproducing cookery recipes where the ingredients were stored as disaggregated data in attributes rather than as plain-text phrases in unmarked element CDATA content. Since then, work has proceeded on three key aspects: a) the refinement of the categories for recipe ingredients; b) the implementation of the formatting algorithm in XSLT; and c) the implementation in CSS. This paper describes the third of these, recreating in CSS (for XML) the grammar of expressing the disaggregated data which the XSLT (for HTML) algorithms use to create the lists of ingredients and references to them. The categorization task is out of scope for markup conferences, and is best discussed over a good dinner.
In recipes written in English, the syntax of the List of Ingredients is a commonly-accepted format expressing quantity, units, item, and various modifiers. In the earlier paper I showed how XSLT can be used to manipulate the ingredient data to achieve the required format. I indicated that the original (pre-℞) site used XML as the print format with CSS, and that this raised challenges when the disaggregated data was in attributes. This problem has now largely been overcome, and I also give details of how to XSLT has been used to overcome some of the things CSS cannot do for the same tasks.
Note: The names used for the attributes discussed here are still experimental and subject to change. In particular the item categorization is a work-in-progress, and should not be taken as a statement of intent.
Fast Bulk String Matching
Authors: Holstege Mary 
Published: July 2021

XQuery developers deserve to have access to libraries of implementations of useful algorithms, just as developers in other languages do. This paper describes an implementation of the Aho-Corasick algorithm and some applications of it, as part of an effort to build up one such a library.
The code described in this paper is available at https://mathling.com/code/ with CC BY 4.0 licensing.