bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wem gehören die Daten? Vertragliche Regelungen, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bei der Nutzung datenbasierter Produkte
Authors: Froese Julia , Straub Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag nimmt die Geschäftsbeziehung zwischen Hersteller und Nutzer einer Maschine in den Blick und zeigt auf, welche Aspekte in Bezug auf die Daten, die bei der Nutzung der Maschine entstehen, vertraglich geregelt werden sollten. Aufbauend auf einer Einordnung der Thematik sowie einer kurzen Darstellung der gegenwärtigen (Rechts-)Lage werden anhand eines konkreten Fallbeispiels aus dem Werkzeugmaschinenbau die einzelnen Regelungsgegenstände, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Vertragsgestaltung aufgezeigt.
Digitalisierung im Werkzeug- und Formenbau als neue Wunderwaffe bei der Herstellung von Produkten!/?/!
Authors: Seul Thomas , Diehr Fabian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungProzesse verlieren zunehmend ihre Grenzschärfe. Sie überlagern und verzahnen sich – von der Produktidee bis zur Serienfertigung ist die Expertise des Werkzeugmachers gefragt. Digitalisierung und Produktion sind dabei die beherrschenden Themen. Doch gilt es hier, die vielen Worthülsen greifbar zu machen. Gerade für die kleinen Betriebe in Deutschland ist es wichtig, ohne Vorbehalte die ersten Schritte tun zu können. Denn die Umbrüche in unserer Branche machen nicht vor dem 10-Mann-Betrieb halt, auch wenn es diesen bereits in dritter Generation gibt … Wir müssen uns vielmehr der Effizienzforderung und der damit einhergehenden Vernetzung der Fertigungstechnik und der Logistik stellen! Wesentlich dabei ist, stets den Bezug zur Praxis aufzuzeigen. Die Werkzeugmacher-Branche in Deutschland lebt nämlich von den vielen kleinen „Hidden Champions“, die „Hands on“-Innovationen schaffen. Doch gerade hier kann Industrie 4.0 und Digitalisierung von Betrieb zu Betrieb ganz anders aussehen. Die einen beginnen mit Insellösungen, um diese sukzessive „aufzubohren“, die anderen streben nach der durchgängigen Komplettlösung. Allesamt vereint sie, dass man sich den Herausforderungen der „vierten industriellen Revolution“ stellen möchte, um weiterhin Spitzenreiter bei Qualität, Performance und Präzision zu sein.
Konzept zur zielgerichteten Kompetenzentwicklung für Initiativen des Maschinellen Lernens
Authors: Panusch Thorben , Büscher Jan , Wöstmann René , Deuse Jochen 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung und Automatisierung sind Unternehmen einem stetigen Transformationsprozess ausgesetzt. Dadurch entfallen alte Berufsbilder und gleichzeitig entstehen völlig neue Berufe mit veränderlichen und digitalen Kompetenzanforderungen. Um zu verhindern, dass der technologische Wandel mit einem Talentmangel, Massenarbeitslosigkeit und wachsender Ungleichheit einhergeht, müssen Unternehmen eine aktive Rolle bei der Unterstützung ihrer bestehenden Belegschaft durch Weiterbildung und Höherqualifizierung übernehmen. Dies ist besonders wichtig, da es einen positiven Kreislauf zwischen neuen Technologien und Weiterbildungen gibt. Die Einführung neuer Technologien fördert das Unternehmenswachstum, die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze und den Ausbau bestehender Arbeitsplätze. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass Mitarbeiter durch kontinuierliche Umschulung und Weiterbildung mit zukunftssicheren Fähigkeiten ausgestattet sind, um neue Chancen wahrzunehmen. Hierzu zählen besonders Kompetenzen im Bereich des Maschinellen Lernens (ML), das bisher ungeahnte Potenziale zur Wissensgewinnung eröffnet und so einen entscheidenden Erfolgsfaktor für Unternehmen bilden kann. Der Aufbau von digitalen Kompetenzen stellt jedoch für Unternehmen eine signifikante Herausforderung dar, besonders für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen. Oft fehlen für Weiterbildungen die zeitlichen und finanziellen Freiräume oder das notwendige Know-how. Zudem ist der Weiterbildungsmarkt äußerst unübersichtlich, was die Identifikation geeigneter Weiterbildungen erschwert. Um diese Problematik zu adressieren, wird in diesem Beitrag ein Konzept vorgestellt, das Unternehmen unterstützen soll, geeignete Maßnahmen zum zielgerichteten Aufbau von ML-Kompetenzen abzuleiten. Dies eröffnet Unternehmen einen Überblick über erforderliche Kompetenzen und Rollen, die mit den vorhandenen Kompetenzen im Unternehmen abgeglichen werden können. Ferner werden aktuelle Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt, auf deren Grundlage ein Schulungskatalog aufgebaut wird. Dieser erlaubt es, die identifizierten Kompetenzlücken mit geeigneten Weiterbildungen zu adressieren.
Quality of life, infection control, and complication rates using a novel custom-made articulating hip spacer during two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Lunz Andre , Omlor Georg W. , Schmidt Gunter , Moradi Babak , Lehner Burkhard , Streit Marcus R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Two-stage revision remains the gold standard treatment for most chronically infected and complex total hip arthroplasty infections. To improve patient outcome and reduce complication rates, we have developed a novel custom-made articulating hip spacer technique and present our short-term results.

Materials and methods
Between November 2017 and November 2019, 27 patients (mean age 70 years) underwent two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection of the hip using the articulating spacer design described here. We retrospectively analyzed spacer-related complications as well as rates for complication, infection control, and implant survivorship after final reimplantation. Furthermore, we prospectively collected patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores prior to spacer implantation, with the spacer and after reimplantation of the new prosthesis.

Results
An additional round of spacer exchange was performed in two patients (8.3%), persistent wound discharge was the reason in both cases. We had one (4.2%) spacer-related mechanical complication, a dislocation that was treated with closed reduction. After reimplantation, infection control was achieved in 96% with an implant survivorship of 92% after a mean follow-up time of 19 (range 7–32, SD 7.2) months. While the scores for VR-12 MCS, VAS hip pain and patient-reported overall satisfaction significantly improved after first stage surgery, the scores for WOMAC, UCLA and VR-12 PCS significantly improved after second stage surgery.

Conclusions
Our two-stage approach for periprosthetic joint infection shows high infection eradication and implant survivorship rates at short-term follow-up. Spacer-related complication rates were low, and we achieved high patient satisfaction rates and low pain levels already during the spacer period. To further simplify comparison between different spacer designs, we propose a new hip spacer classification system.
Collaborative research as boundary work: learning between rice growers and conservation professionals to support habitat conservation on private lands
Authors: Hardie Hale Erin , Jadallah Christopher C. , Ballard Heidi L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulti-stakeholder initiatives for biodiversity conservation on working landscapes often necessitate strategies to facilitate learning in order to foster successful collaboration. To investigate the learning processes that both undergird and result from collaborative efforts, this case study employs the concept of boundary work as a lens to examine learning between rice growers and conservation professionals in California’s Central Valley, who were engaged in a collaborative research project focused on migratory bird conservation. Through analysis of workshop observations, project documents, and interviews with rice growers and conservation professionals, we identified five distinct factors of the collaborative research process that influenced learning amongst these two groups: having mutually beneficial goals, sharing ownership of the collaborative research process, building trust, integrating knowledge, and institutional alignment. We also examined and identified learning outcomes for both rice growers and conservation professionals, which included new knowledge of the social-ecological system, new practices around farming and collaboration, and shifting identities. Our findings suggest that applying these factors and outcomes for learning when structuring collaborative research, and other multi-stakeholder initiatives, can foster learning amongst diverse stakeholder groups to support new approaches for balancing resource use and adaptive management.
Investigating into the dual role of loan loss reserves in banking production process
Authors: Fukuyama Hirofumi , Tan Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the use of loan loss reserves (LLRs) in the banking production process and treats it as one variable with a dual role. We establish a three-stage network Data Envelopment Analysis model to address this issue. Using a sample of 43 Chinese commercial banks over the period 2011–2019, the results show that the banks with the ratio between LLRs and total loans less than 1% have higher level of efficiency compared to the ones holding the ratio greater than 1%. The results show that when excluding LLRs in the production process, the efficiency scores are significantly inflated. We find that small and medium sized banks are more efficient than their big counterparts, however, the results show that big banks hold more than enough amounts of LLRs than the one required by the regulatory authority. When LLRs are excluded from the production process, it shows that big banks perform better than small and medium sized banks. Our findings show that less liquid banks perform better than the ones with higher levels of liquidity no matter in which way LLRs are treated. Finally, we find that lower capitalized banks, compared to the ones with high levels of capitalization, are less efficient. however, it shows that higher capitalized banks consistently keep more than 1% LLRs out of total loans.
Stage-t scenario dominance for risk-averse multi-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs
Authors: Büyüktahtakın İ. Esra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new and general approach, named “Stage-t Scenario Dominance,” to solve the risk-averse multi-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs (M-SMIPs). Given a monotonic objective function, our method derives a partial ordering of scenarios by pairwise comparing the realization of uncertain parameters at each time stage under each scenario. Specifically, we derive bounds and implications from the “Stage-t Scenario Dominance” by using the partial ordering of scenarios and solving a subset of individual scenario sub-problems up to stage t. Using these inferences, we generate new cutting planes to tackle the computational difficulty of risk-averse M-SMIPs. We also derive results on the minimum number of scenario-dominance relations generated. We demonstrate the use of this methodology on a stochastic version of the mean-conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) dynamic knapsack problem. Our computational experiments address those instances that have uncertainty, which correspond to the objective, left-hand side, and right-hand side parameters. Computational results show that our “scenario dominance"-based method can reduce the solution time for mean-risk, stochastic, multi-stage, and multi-dimensional knapsack problems with both integer and continuous variables, whose structure is similar to the mean-risk M-SMIPs, with varying risk characteristics by one-to-two orders of magnitude for varying numbers of random variables in each stage. Computational results also demonstrate that strong dominance cuts perform well for those instances with ten random variables in each stage, and ninety random variables in total. The proposed scenario dominance framework is general and can be applied to a wide range of risk-averse and risk-neutral M-SMIP problems.
Creep of particle and short fibre reinforced polyurethane rubber
Authors: Cui Yi , Clyne Trevor William 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTensile stress–strain testing and creep testing have been carried out on a polyurethane rubber, at three temperatures, with and without either particulate or short fibre alumina reinforcement. A previous paper reported concerning composites with particulate reinforcement and the present work is focused on the effect of the fibres. The samples were made via a blending and extrusion process that produced a certain degree of fibre alignment (along the direction of loading). Prior milling procedures were used to produce fibres with two different ranges of aspect ratio (with averages about 10 and 16). When expressed as true stress–strain relationships, all materials exhibit approximately linear responses. The dependence of stiffness on the volume fraction and aspect ratio of the reinforcement was found to conform well to the Eshelby model predictions. Moreover, the creep behaviour of all of the materials can be captured well by a Miller–Norton formulation, using the average matrix stress predicted by the Eshelby model. A striking conclusion is that it is both predicted and observed that short fibres are much more effective in reducing the creep rate than is the case with particles.
Impact of deep learning reconstruction on intracranial 1.5 T magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Yasaka Koichiro , Akai Hiroyuki , Sugawara Haruto , Tajima Taku , Akahane Masaaki , Yoshioka Naoki , Kabasawa Hiroyuki , Miyo Rintaro , Ohtomo Kuni , Abe Osamu , Kiryu Shigeru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether deep learning reconstruction (DLR) improves the image quality of intracranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 T.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, MRA images of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females; mean age, 65.8 ± 13.2 years) were reconstructed with and without the DLR technique (DLR image and non-DLR image, respectively). Quantitative image analysis was performed by placing regions of interest on the basilar artery and cerebrospinal fluid in the prepontine cistern. We calculated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for analyses of the basilar artery. Two experienced radiologists evaluated the depiction of structures (the right internal carotid artery, right ophthalmic artery, basilar artery, and right superior cerebellar artery), artifacts, subjective noise and overall image quality in a qualitative image analysis. Scores were compared in the quantitative and qualitative image analyses between the DLR and non-DLR images using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results
The SNR and CNR for the basilar artery were significantly higher for the DLR images than for the non-DLR images (p < 0.001). Qualitative image analysis scores (p < 0.003 and p < 0.005 for readers 1 and 2, respectively), excluding those for artifacts (p = 0.072–0.565), were also significantly higher for the DLR images than for the non-DLR images.

Conclusion
DLR enables the production of higher quality 1.5 T intracranial MRA images with improved visualization of arteries.
Bridge over troubled water: managing compatibility and conflict among thought collectives in sustainability science
Authors: Soininen Niko , Raymond Christopher M. , Tuomisto Hanna , Ruotsalainen Laura , Thorén Henrik , Horcea-Milcu Andra-Ioana , Stojanovic Milutin , Lehtinen Sanna , Mazac Rachel , Lamuela Carlos , Korpelainen Noora , Vainio Annukka , Toivanen Reetta , McPhearson Timon , Nagatsu Michiru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSustainability transformations call forth new forms and systems of knowledge across society. However, few tools and processes exist for promoting dialogue among different interests and normative stances in knowledge co-creation. In this article, we build on the notion of thought collectives to argue that understanding and moderating normative tensions are necessary if sustainability science is to provide successful solutions. Drawing on an analysis of the normative tensions between rival high-tech and low-tech thought collectives in the mobility and food production sectors, we discuss three strategic approaches: applying common evaluative frameworks, building contextual convergence and embracing complexity. We argue that these strategies indicate a need to distinguish different kinds of reflexivity in managing tensions among thought collectives. As a practical conclusion, we establish sets of reflexive questions to help sustainability scientists deploy the knowledge management strategies discussed.
The Role of Ablative Radiotherapy to Liver Oligometastases from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ku Eric , Yeakel John , Gan Meng , Ahmed Faisal , Harris Jeremy P. , Kuo Jeffrey V. , Wolf Ronald , Fernando Dayantha M. , Seyedin Steven N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review describes recent data supporting locoregional ablative radiation in the treatment of oligometastatic colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Recent Findings
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) demonstrates high rates of local control in colorectal cancer liver metastases when a biologically equivalent dose of > 100 Gy is delivered. Future innovations to improve the efficacy of SBRT include MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) to enhance target accuracy, systemic immune activation to treat extrahepatic disease, and genomic customization. Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) with y-90 is an intra-arterial therapy that delivers high doses to liver metastases internally which has shown to increase liver disease control in phase 3 trials. Advancements in transarterial radioembolization (TARE) dosimetry could improve local control and decrease toxicity.

Summary
SBRT and SIRT are both promising options in treating unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer liver metastases. Identification of oligometastatic patients who receive long-term disease control from either therapy is essential. Future advancements focusing on improving radiation design and customization could further improve efficacy and toxicity.
First Eugereonidae (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera) from the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) of the Piesberg site near Osnabrück, Germany
Authors: Brauckmann Carsten , Herd Karl Josef , Leipner Angelika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSandiella herbigi sp. nov. is the first record of the family Eugereonidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Insecta: Palaeodictyoptera) in the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous: Westphalian D) sequence of the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is represented by a single fragment of a mesothoracic wing with the typical coarse reticulation in this family. The species is mainly characterized by the following features: (i) the shape of the mesothoracic wing is extremely narrow, (ii) the posterior subcostal vein is ending before the wing apex, (iii) all the main veins show a typical bend close to the posterior margin. The new wing is the second most ancient record of the Eugereonidae.
Pot Song as a Novel Cancer Communication Intervention: Lessons Learned from Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Culturally Grounded Intervention for Breast Cancer Education in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Raisa Aantaki , Roberto Anthony J. , Love Richard R. , Steiness Heather L. Story , Salim Reza , Krieger Janice L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Targeted public education may offer an approach to achieving more effective treatment in countries like Bangladesh, where breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Effective cancer education interventions address the target population’s cultural and contextual needs. However, there is little published literature to guide the development of educational cancer interventions in a region where lack of resources combined with cultural stigma about cancer contribute to poor breast health outcomes for women. The goal of the current study was to design, test, and evaluate a culturally grounded intervention to promote breast problem care among women in rural Bangladesh. The current manuscript first describes the process of formative evaluation that led to the development of the intervention, including decisions about the audience, message construction, and mode of intervention delivery. Second, we describe the testing process, including process and outcome evaluation. Finally, we describe the lessons learned from the process. We conclude with recommendations related to cultural grounding for message development, questionnaire design, data collection procedures, and analysis.
Cloning, expression, purification and characterization of chitin deacetylase extremozyme from halophilic Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22
Authors: Pawaskar Goutam Mohan , Raval Keyur , Rohit Prathibha , Shenoy Revathi P. , Raval Ritu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChitin deacetylase (CDA) (EC 3.5.1.41) is a hydrolytic enzyme that belongs to carbohydrate esterase family 4 as per the CAZY database. The CDA enzyme deacetylates chitin into chitosan. As the marine ecosystem is a rich source of chitin, it would also hold the unexplored extremophiles. In this study, an organism was isolated from 40 m sea sediment under halophilic condition and identified as Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 by 16S rRNA sequencing. The CDA gene from the isolate was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli Rosetta pLysS and purified using a Ni–NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme was found active on both ethylene glycol chitin (EGC) and chitooligosaccharides (COS). The enzyme characterization study revealed, maximum enzyme velocity at one hour, optimum pH at 7 with 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer, optimum reaction temperature of 30 ºC in standard assay conditions. The co-factor screening affirmed enhancement in the enzyme activity by 142.43 ± 7.13% and 146.88 ± 4.09% with substrate EGC and COS, respectively, in the presence of 2 mM Mg2+. This activity was decreased with the inclusion of EDTA and acetate in the assay solutions. The enzyme was found to be halotolerant; the relative activity increased to 116.98 ± 3.87% and 118.70 ± 0.98% with EGC and COS as substrates in the presence of 1 M NaCl. The enzyme also demonstrated thermo-stability, retaining 87.27 ± 2.85% and 94.08 ± 0.92% activity with substrate EGC and COS, respectively, upon treatment at 50 ºC for 24 h. The kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and Kcat were 3.06E−05 µg mL−1, 3.06E + 01 µM mg−1 min−1 and 3.27E + 04 s−1, respectively, with EGC as the substrate and 7.14E−07 µg mL−1, 7.14E + 01 µM mg−1 min−1 and 1.40E + 06 s−1, respectively, with COS as the substrate. The enzyme was found to be following Michaelis–Menten kinetics with both the polymeric and oligomeric substrates. In recent years, enzymatic conversion of chitosan is gaining importance due to its known pattern of deacetylation and reproducibility. Thus, this BaCDA extremozyme could be used for industrial production of chitosan polymer as well as chitosan oligosaccharides for biomedical application.
Conceptualising A Role for The Common Law in Environmental Protection in Singapore
Authors: Chng Kenny 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Singapore, the key institutions driving environmental protection are the legislature and the executive. The judiciary's role in environmental protection has thus far been relatively minor. By drawing upon environmental law theory and comparative analysis of other common law jurisdictions, this article explores avenues through which the common law can be engaged more meaningfully to further environmental protection in Singapore. A conceptualisation of environmental law as directed at furthering the rule of law by promoting carefully-considered and participatory environmental governance will be suggested as a fruitful way forward for thinking about the role of the common law in environmental protection. Drawing upon this theory, as well as the experience of other common law jurisdictions, the article proposes a set of concrete steps by which greater common law engagement with environmental protection in Singapore can be achieved.