bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of childhood abuse with behavioral weight‐loss outcomes: Examining the mediating effect of binge eating severity
Authors: Emery Tavernier Rebecca L. , Mason Susan M. , Levy Rona L. , Seburg Elisabeth M. , Sherwood Nancy E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims were to (1) document the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and weight change during behavioral obesity treatment and (2) estimate the indirect effect of childhood abuse on weight change through binge eating severity.MethodsParticipants (n = 431) were enrolled in a behavioral weight‐loss intervention. Childhood physical and emotional abuse history and current binge eating severity were self‐reported. Percent weight loss at 6 months was calculated using measured weight. Adjusted mediation models examined whether there was an indirect effect of childhood physical and emotional abuse on 6‐month percent weight loss that operated through binge eating severity.ResultsAfter covariate adjustment, childhood physical abuse, but not emotional abuse, predicted a lower percent weight loss (B = −1.78%; 95% CI: −3.10% to −0.47%). Although childhood physical and emotional abuse were positively related to baseline binge eating severity, binge eating severity did not mediate the associations between either childhood abuse type and percent weight loss.ConclusionsIndividuals with a childhood physical abuse history had a lower percent weight loss than those without such histories during behavioral obesity treatment. This effect was not explained by binge eating severity. Individuals with a history of childhood abuse may benefit from trauma‐informed obesity care.
Evaluation of four phosphopeptide enrichment strategies for mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis
Authors: Ino Yoko , Kinoshita Eiji , Kinoshita‐Kikuta Emiko , Akiyama Tomoko , Nakai Yusuke , Nishino Kohei , Osada Makoto , Ryo Akihide , Hirano Hisashi , Koike Tohru , Kimura Yayoi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInformation about phosphorylation status can be used to prioritize and characterize biological processes in the cell. Various analytical strategies have been proposed to address the complexity of phosphorylation status and comprehensively identify phosphopeptides. In this study, we evaluated four strategies for phosphopeptide enrichment, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Phos‐tag ligand particles from in‐gel or in‐solution digests prior to mass spectrometry‐based analysis. Using TiO2 and Phos‐tag magnetic beads, it was possible to enrich phosphopeptides from in‐gel digests of phosphorylated ovalbumin separated by Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE or in‐solution serum digests, while minimizing non‐specific adsorption. The tip‐column strategy with TiO2 particles enabled enrichment of phosphopeptides from in‐solution digests of whole‐cell lysates with high efficiency and selectivity. However, the tip‐column strategy with Phos‐tag agarose beads yielded the greatest number of identified phosphopeptides. The strategies using both types of tip columns had a high degree of overlap, although there were differences in selectivity between the identified phosphopeptides. Together, our results indicate that multi‐enrichment strategies using TiO2 particles and Phos‐tag agarose beads are useful for comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis.
Validation of Approaches (Salt Formation & Introduction of Amino Group/s) for Imparting/Improving Thermal Stability of Explosives, Part I
Authors: Agrawal Jai Prakash , Dodke Vishal Suresh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere are 4 general approaches for imparting or improving the thermal stability of explosives – ‘Salt Formation’, ‘Introduction of Amino Group/s’, ‘Introduction of Conjugation’ & ‘Condensation with a Triazole ring’ as proposed by Agrawal which were supported by some typical examples. In this review paper, we report additional examples of explosives scattered over in the literature to validate the ‘Salt Formation’ & ‘Introduction of Amino Group/s’ approaches for imparting/improving the thermal stability of explosives. Wherever data is not available in the literature, the same has been calculated using Energetic Materials Designing Bench (EMDB), Version 1.0. The data generated on a large number of explosives bring out validation of ‘Salt Formation’ & ‘Introduction of Amino Group/s’ approaches for imparting/improving the thermal stability of explosives. Further, as the number of amino group/s increases, thermal stability also increases. In addition, density, impact sensitivity & velocity of detonation data of these explosives which are also essential from their application point of view, have been reported. This study also reveals that explosives TAHNDPA, TADTNPEDA, TADTNPATNB & KTAHNDPA (Table 2) appear to be potentially better thermally stable explosives than TATB, a benchmark thermally stable explosive at present.
Mast Cell-Deficient Mice Mcpt5Cre/Dicer

Fl/Fl
Redefine the Role of Mast Cells in Experimental Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Nsiah-Dosu S. , Scholz C. , Orinska Z. , Sadik C. D. , Ludwig R. J. , Schmidt E. , Zillikens D. , Hartmann K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most frequent autoimmune blistering disease of the skin affecting the elderly. BP is immunopathologically characterized by autoantibodies against BP180 and BP230. With the growing evidence of cell-mediated autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of BP, it still remains unclear whether mast cells (MCs) are involved, due to conflicting data obtained from Kit-dependent MC-deficient mouse models.

Objectives
To clarify the role of MCs in experimental BP; the dynamics in cutaneous MC numbers, associated immune cells and the development of disease in Kit-independent MC-deficient mouse model.

Methods
Employing a recently established murine adult passive transfer model of BP induced by the transfer of pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG), lesional skin biopsies were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically for the time-dependent MC accumulation and dermal infiltration.

Results
The numbers of cutaneous MCs increased following the induction of BP, in part, maintained by MC proliferation. Numbers of T cells, neutrophils and eosinophils in the skin also increased after BP induction, with eosinophils showing a preferential co-localization with MCs. Furthermore, clinical disease manifestation in MC-deficient Mcpt5Cre/Dicerfl/fl mice remained unchanged compared to MC-sufficient Dicerfl/fl mice. The composition of the immune cell infiltration including as T cells, neutrophils and eosinophils was largely unaffected by the absence of MCs.

Conclusion
MCs do not play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of passive IgG-transfer mediated BP model. Their increase in number may be a bystander effect following tissue injury. We therefore suggest caution regarding the selection of MCs as sole targets for the development of novel drugs for BP.
A mapping study on mutation testing for mobile applications
Authors: Silva Henrique Neves , Prado Lima Jackson , Vergilio Silvia Regina , Endo Andre Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe use of mutation testing for mobile applications (apps for short) is still a challenge. Mobile apps are usually event‐driven and encompass graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and a complex execution environment. Then, they require mutant operators to describe specific apps faults, and the automation of the mutation process phases like execution and analysis of the mutants is not an easy task. To encourage research addressing such challenges, this paper presents results from a mapping study on mutation testing for mobile apps. Following a systematic plan, we found 16 primary studies that were analysed according to three aspects: (i) trends and statistics about the field; (ii) study characteristics such as focus, proposed operators and automated support for the mutation testing phases; and (iii) evaluation aspects. The great majority of studies (98%) have been published in the last 3 years. The most addressed language is Java, and Android is the only operating system considered. Mutant operators of GUI and configuration types are prevalent in a total of 138 operators found. Most studies implement a supporting tool, but few tools support mutant execution and analysis. The evaluation conducted by the studies includes apps mainly from the finance and utility domain. Nevertheless, there is a lack of benchmarks and more rigorous experiments. Future research should address other specific types of faults, languages, and operating systems. They should offer support for mutant execution and analysis, as well as to reduce the mutation testing cost and limitations in the mobile context.
Feasibility of using self‐sensing component and response prediction model for rotation monitoring of shear wall structures
Authors: Shan Jiazeng , Jiang Zhi , Wu Weichao , Shi Zhiguo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis study presents a designed framework of structural monitoring for coupled shear wall structures by integrating a theoretical response estimation model and a prototype micro‐voltage sensing module. Inspired by the deformation mode of coupled shear walls, a supplemental self‐sensing component is proposed for predicting the target flexural deformation. The self‐sensing component is designed to include permanent magnets and cross wires and installed parallel to the coupling beam. The relative velocity between the two attached walls is obtained using electromagnetic (EM) induction and measured micro‐voltages. Accordingly, the theoretical principle of the self‐sensing prediction model is then derived, and the calculation flowchart is presented. Illustratively, a detailed finite element model was performed in ABAQUS to investigate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed self‐sensing model under different excitation scenarios, and a parametric study is performed. Then, the nonstationary excitation is adopted to further investigate the performance of the self‐sensing model. Furthermore, an EM‐based sensing module for low‐level velocity measurement is developed and the prototype is tested by utilizing a shaking table test with satisfactory performance.
Miniaturizing optical coherence tomography
Authors: Rank Elisabet A. , Agneter Anja , Schmoll Tilman , Leitgeb Rainer A. , Drexler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized ophthalmic diagnosis as a non‐invasive, cross‐sectional imaging technique in the last 30 years and hence is one of the fastest adopted advanced imaging technologies in the history of medicine. A miniaturization of OCT devices would not only reduce size but ideally also reduce costs and therefore create potential new markets. OCT systems based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) could enable a significant miniaturization of complex systems with high degree of integration as well as low costs of goods. These therefore have a potential to enable portable, cost‐effective, high performing, real handheld OCT devices. This review identifies three main categories towards miniaturized OCT devices: Handheld imaging probes interfaced to a (mobile) base station, compact home/self‐ OCT and PIC‐based OCT. Imaging performance parameters and technical readiness levels of the identified miniaturized OCT systems for (non‐) ophthalmic applications are presented. Special attention is paid to PIC‐based OCT applications and their progress.Picture: First in vivo human retinal tomogram using a PIC‐based subcomponent (arrayed waveguide grating, AWG) of a spectral domain OCT system. Adapted with permission from E. A. Rank et al.,Light Sci Appl.2021,10, 1, CC By 4.0. Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).
Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea successfully managed with the Japanese traditional medicine tokito: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fukai‐Watabe Shiho , Ishibashi Satoru , Watabe Tokumu , Watabe Hirotsugu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCaseA 46‐year‐old woman suffered from decades‐long premenstrual constipation, abdominal bloating and cramping pain along with dysmenorrhea. The abdominal pain before and during menstruation was resistant to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.OutcomeThe abovementioned symptoms were concurrently resolved with a single Kampo formula, tokito, without side effects. Tokito contains 10 herbs including anti‐spasmodic, vasodilating and analgesic agents which may contribute to the beneficial‐pleiotropic effects on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms and dysmenorrhea bothering women before and during menstruation.ConclusionTokito may become a viable option for treating or preventing PMS symptoms and dysmenorrhea.
Triple crossing positivity bounds for multi-field theories
Authors: Du Zong-Zhe , Zhang Cen , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We develop a formalism to extract triple crossing symmetric positivity bounds for effective field theories with multiple degrees of freedom, by making use of su symmetric dispersion relations supplemented with positivity of the partial waves, st null constraints and the generalized optical theorem. This generalizes the convex cone approach to constrain the s2 coefficient space to higher orders. Optimal positive bounds can be extracted by semi-definite programs with a continuous decision variable, compared with linear programs for the case of a single field. As an example, we explicitly compute the positivity constraints on bi-scalar theories, and find all the Wilson coefficients can be constrained in a finite region, including the coefficients with odd powers of s, which are absent in the single scalar case.
Gauged 2-form symmetries in 6D SCFTs coupled to gravity
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Larfors Magdalena , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study six dimensional supergravity theories with superconformal sectors (SCFTs). Instances of such theories can be engineered using type IIB strings, or more generally F-Theory, which translates field theoretic constraints to geometry. Specifically, we study the fate of the discrete 2-form global symmetries of the SCFT sectors. For both (2, 0) and (1, 0) theories we show that whenever the charge lattice of the SCFT sectors is non-primitively embedded into the charge lattice of the supergravity theory, there is a subgroup of these 2-form symmetries that remains unbroken by BPS strings. By the absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity, this subgroup much be gauged. Using the embedding of the charge lattices also allows us to determine how the gauged 2-form symmetry embeds into the 2-form global symmetries of the SCFT sectors, and we present several concrete examples, as well as some general observations. As an alternative derivation, we recover our results for a large class of models from a dual perspective upon reduction to five dimensions.
Mobility improvement in the first 6 postoperative weeks in orthogeriatric fracture patients
Authors: Keppler Alexander M. , Holzschuh Jenny , Pfeufer Daniel , Gleich Johannes , Neuerburg Carl , Kammerlander Christian , Böcker Wolfgang , Fürmetz Julian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is a relevant outcome parameter in orthopedic surgery, that can be objectively assessed. Until now, there is little information regarding objective gait parameters in the orthogeriatric population. This study focuses on the first 6 weeks of postoperative rehabilitation, and delivers objective data about gait speed and step length in typical orthogeriatric fracture patterns.

Methods
Thirty-one orthogeriatric fracture patients [pertrochanteric femur fractures (PFF), femoral neck (FN), and proximal humerus fractures (PHF)] were consecutively enrolled in a maximum care hospital in a prospective study design. All patients wore an accelerometer placed at the waist during the postoperative stay (24 h/d) and at 6-week follow-up, to measure real gait speed and step length. In addition, self-assessment of mobility (Parker mobility score) and activities of daily living (Barthel index) were collected at baseline, during the inpatient stay, and at 6-week follow-up.

Results
During postoperative hospitalization, significantly higher gait speed (m/s) was observed in the PHF group (0.52 ± 0.27) compared with the FN group (0.36 ± 0.28) and PFF group (0.19 ± 0.28) (p < 0.05). Six weeks postoperatively, gait speed improved significantly in all groups (PHF 0.90 ± 0.41; FN 0.72 ± 0.13; PFF 0.60 ± 0.23). Similarly, step length (m) differed between groups postoperatively [FN 0.16 ± 0.13; PFF 0.12 ± 0.15; PHF 0.31 ± 0.05 (p < 0.005)] and improved over time significantly (FN 0.47 ± 0.01; 0.39 ± 0.19; 0.50 ± 0.18). Self-assessment scores indicate that the majority of the patients had minor restrictions in mobility before the fracture. These values decreased immediately postoperatively and improved in the first 6 weeks, but did not reach the initial level.

Conclusions
Gait speed, step length, and self-assessment in terms of mobility and activities of daily living improve significantly in the first 6 postoperative weeks in orthogeriatric fracture patients. As very low postoperative mobility during hospitalization was observed, this collective shows great potential in postoperative rehabilitation regardless of their fracture pattern. For this reason, specific aftercare concepts similar to the “fast track” concepts in primary arthroplasty are crucial for orthogeriatric patients in clinical practice.

Level of evidence
Prospective cohort study, 2.
Hyponatremia at the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with intestinal surgery and higher mortality
Authors: Palleri Elena , Frimmel Veronica , Fläring Urban , Bartocci Marco , Wester Tomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has previously been shown that hyponatremia reflects the severity of inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. Interpretation of electrolyte disorders is a common, but not well studied challenge in neonatology, especially in the context of early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis and bowel necrosis. The aim of this study was to assess if hyponatremia, or a decrease in plasma sodium level, at the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with intestinal ischemia/necrosis requiring bowel resection and/or NEC-related deaths. This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with verified NEC (Bell’s stage ≥ 2) during the period 2009–2014. Data on plasma sodium 1–3 days before and at the onset of NEC were collected. The exposure was hyponatremia, defined as plasma sodium < 135 mmol/L and a decrease in plasma sodium. Primary outcome was severe NEC, defined as need for intestinal resection due to intestinal ischemia/necrosis and/or NEC-related death within 2 weeks of the onset of NEC. Generalized linear models were applied to analyze the primary outcome and presented as odds ratio. A total of 88 patients with verified NEC were included. Fifty-four (60%) of them had severe NEC. Hyponatremia and a decrease in plasma sodium at onset of NEC were associated with increased odds of severe NEC (OR crude 3.91, 95% CI (1.52–10.04) and 1.19, 95% CI (1.07–1.33), respectively). Also, a sub-analysis, excluding infants with pneumoperitoneum during the NEC episode, showed an increased odds ratio for severe NEC in infants with hyponatremia (OR 23.0, 95% CI (2.78–190.08)).Conclusions: The findings of hyponatremia and/or a sudden decrease in plasma sodium at the onset of NEC are associated with intestinal surgery or death within 2 weeks.

What is Known:• Clinical deterioration, despite optimal medical treatment, is a relative indication for surgery in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.• Hyponatremia is a common condition in preterm infants from the second week of life.

What is New:• Hyponatremia and a decrease in plasma sodium level at the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis are positively associated with need of surgery or death within 2 weeks.• In infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, without pneumoperitoneum, where clinical deterioration despite optimal medical treatment is the only indication for surgery, hyponatremia, or a decrease in plasma sodium level can predict the severity of the disease.
Improving the causal treatment effect estimation with propensity scores by the bootstrap
Authors: Arisido Maeregu W. , Mecatti Fulvia , Rebora Paola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen observational studies are used to establish the causal effects of treatments, the estimated effect is affected by treatment selection bias. The inverse propensity score weight (IPSW) is often used to deal with such bias. However, IPSW requires strong assumptions whose misspecifications and strategies to correct the misspecifications were rarely studied. We present a bootstrap bias correction of IPSW (BC-IPSW) to improve the performance of propensity score in dealing with treatment selection bias in the presence of failure to the ignorability and overlap assumptions. The approach was motivated by a real observational study to explore the potential of anticoagulant treatment for reducing mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The benefit of the treatment to enhance survival was demonstrated; the suggested BC-IPSW method indicated a statistically significant reduction in mortality for patients receiving the treatment. Using extensive simulations, we show that BC-IPSW substantially reduced the bias due to the misspecification of the ignorability and overlap assumptions. Further, we showed that IPSW is still useful to account for the lack of treatment randomization, but its advantages are stringently linked to the satisfaction of ignorability, indicating that the existence of relevant though unmeasured or unused covariates can worsen the selection bias.
Probabilistic microsimulation to examine the cost-effectiveness of hospital admission screening strategies for carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Manoukian Sarkis , Stewart Sally , Dancer Stephanie J. , Mason Helen , Graves Nicholas , Robertson Chris , Leonard Alistair , Kennedy Sharon , Kavanagh Kim , Parcell Benjamin , Reilly Jacqui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance has been recognised as a global threat with carbapenemase- producing-Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) as a prime example. CPE has similarities to COVID-19 where asymptomatic patients may be colonised representing a source for onward transmission. There are limited treatment options for CPE infection leading to poor outcomes and increased costs. Admission screening can prevent cross-transmission by pre-emptively isolating colonised patients.

Objective
We assess the relative cost-effectiveness of screening programmes compared with no- screening.

Methods
A microsimulation parameterised with NHS Scotland date was used to model scenarios of the prevalence of CPE colonised patients on admission. Screening strategies were (a) two-step screening involving a clinical risk assessment (CRA) checklist followed by microbiological testing of high-risk patients; and (b) universal screening. Strategies were considered with either culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. All costs were reported in 2019 UK pounds with a healthcare system perspective.

Results
In the low prevalence scenario, no screening had the highest probability of cost-effectiveness. Among screening strategies, the two CRA screening options were the most likely to be cost-effective. Screening was more likely to be cost-effective than no screening in the prevalence of 1 CPE colonised in 500 admitted patients or more. There was substantial uncertainty with the probabilities rarely exceeding 40% and similar results between strategies. Screening reduced non-isolated bed-days and CPE colonisation. The cost of screening was low in relation to total costs.

Conclusion
The specificity of the CRA checklist was the parameter with the highest impact on the cost-effectiveness. Further primary data collection is needed to build models with less uncertainty in the parameters.