bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Oceanic Structure Associated With Atmospheric Convectively Coupled Equatorial Kelvin Waves in the Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Azaneu Marina , Matthews Adrian J. , Baranowski Dariusz B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtmospheric convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are a major tropical weather feature strongly influenced by ocean–atmosphere interactions. However, prediction of the development and propagation of CCKWs remains a challenge for models. The physical processes involved in these interactions are assessed by investigating the oceanic response to the passage of CCKWs across the eastern Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent using the NEMO ocean model analysis with data assimilation. Three‐dimensional life cycles are constructed for “solitary” CCKW events. As a CCKW propagates over the eastern Indian Ocean, the immediate thermodynamic ocean response includes cooling of the ocean surface and subsurface, deepening of the mixed layer depth, and an increase in the mixed layer heat content. Additionally, a dynamical downwelling signal is observed two days after the peak in the CCKW westerly wind burst, which propagates eastward along the Equator and then follows the Sumatra and Java coasts, consistent with a downwelling oceanic Kelvin wave with an average phase speed of 2.3 m s−1. Meridional and vertical structures of zonal velocity anomalies are consistent with this framework. This dynamical feature is consistent across distinct CCKW populations, indicating the importance of CCKWs as a source of oceanic Kelvin waves in the eastern Indian Ocean. The subsurface dynamical response to the CCKWs is identifiable up to 11 days after the forcing. These ocean feedbacks on time scales longer than the CCKW life cycle help elucidate how locally driven processes can rectify onto longer time‐scale processes in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system.
Effects of Mosaic Representation of Land Use/Land Cover on Skin Temperature and Energy Fluxes in Noah‐MP Land Surface Model Over China
Authors: Zhang Guo , Li Jianduo , Zhou Guangsheng , Cai Xitian , Gao Wenhua , Peng Xindong , Chen Yueli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe representations of land use/land cover (LULC) play an important role in land surface models (LSMs) for the simulation of the energy flux partition, soil moisture redistribution, and runoff generation. This study was designed to investigate the regional effects of mosaic LULC representations on skin temperature (Ts) and energy fluxes over China at three horizontal resolutions and how these effects changed with climate regimes, using Noah with multiparameterization (Noah‐MP) LSM. The current officially released Noah‐MP only considered the most abundant LULC type within one model grid. In this study, the mosaic method considering all the LULC types existing in one model grid was implemented into Noah‐MP. Against the reference data (including MODIS land surface temperature products, FLUXCOM energy flux data and Numerical Terra dynamic Simulation Group evapotranspiration data), the mosaic method generally performed better than the default method and reduced the root‐mean‐squared‐error of Ts and energy fluxes significantly over urban region. The mosaic method affected the Ts and energy fluxes by changing leaf area index and soil moisture, mainly by the former. The warm (monthly mean air temperature larger than 10 °C) and relatively humid climate (annual total precipitation larger than 200 mm) could enlarge the effect of mosaic method on Ts and energy fluxes. The mosaic method reduced discrepancies of Ts and energy fluxes among three horizontal resolutions (0.0625°, 0.25°, and 0.50°), especially over the heterogeneous vegetated and urban region.
Comparison Between Eddy‐Covariance and Flux‐Gradient Size‐Resolved Dust Fluxes During Wind Erosion Events
Authors: Dupont S. , Rajot J.‐L. , Lamaud E. , Bergametti G. , Labiadh M. , Khalfallah B. , Bouet C. , Marticorena B. , Fernandes R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEstimating accurately dust emission flux during aeolian erosion events is crucial for quantifying the amount of dust in the atmosphere. The rare existing field experiments quantifying such flux were mainly performed using the flux‐gradient (FG) method. Here, we present the first intercomparison of the size‐resolved dust fluxes estimated by both the FG and the eddy‐covariance (EC) methods during several erosion events. Both methods were applied simultaneously during the WIND‐O‐V (WIND erOsion in presence of sparse Vegetation)'s 2017 field experiment over an isolated erodible bare plot in South Tunisia. Overall, both methods predict similar dust fluxes for particle smaller than about 4 μm. For coarser particles, the EC method predicts a smaller dust flux than the FG method. Factors explaining this difference are discussed such as the different sampling heads used by the dust particle counters of both methods, or the possible weakening of the constant dust flux layer at the location of the upper dust particle counter of the FG method. This intercomparison highlights the difficulties and advantages of each method as well as their complementarity.
Diverse Intracellular Inclusion Types Within Magnetotactic Bacteria: Implications for Biogeochemical Cycling in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Li Jinhua , Liu Peiyu , Tamaxia Alima , Zhang Heng , Liu Yan , Wang Jian , Menguy Nicolas , Zhao Xiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Pan Yongxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of prokaryotes that generally live dominantly at or just below the oxic‐anoxic transition zone (OATZ) in diverse aquatic environments. They biomineralize intracellular magnetic nanocrystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or/and greigite (Fe3S4) each enveloped by a bilayer membrane, called a magnetosome, and often organized into a chain or chains. Here, we identify a new magnetotactic spirillum strain (tentatively named WYHS‐1) from freshwater sediments of Weiyang Lake, Xi'an, northwestern China, using coupled fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy at the single‐cell level. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that strain WYHS‐1 is affiliated with the Azospirillum genus within the Alphaproteobacteria class of the Proteobacteria phylum. Transmission electron microscopy combined with synchrotron‐based scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy analyses reveal that strain WYHS‐1 produces nearly isotropic magnetite‐type crystals, with average lengths and widths of 34.5 ± 6.7 nm and 32.8 ± 6.5 nm, respectively. WYHS‐1 cells also contain at least three other types of intracellular, submicron inclusions: Sulfur (S0) globules, Ca/Mg‐rich polyphosphate granules, and organic‐deficient vacuoles. Unlike magnetic particles, which occur within all WYHS‐1 cells, the latter three inclusion types are not always present, which indicates that they may be temporary intracellular structures that store or transport chemicals. Together with genomic and physicochemical knowledge for available bacteria, we propose a conceptual model in which MTB drive biogeochemical elemental cycling within aquatic OATZ environments and contribute to the distribution and burial of biominerals in sediments.
Metabolic alterations mediated by STAT3 promotes drug persistence in CML
Authors: Patel Sweta B. , Nemkov Travis , Stefanoni Davide , Benavides Gloria A. , Bassal Mahmoud A. , Crown Brittany L. , Matkins Victoria R. , Camacho Virginia , Kuznetsova Valeriya , Hoang Ashley T. , Tenen Danielle E. , Wolock Samuel L. , Park Jihye , Ying Li , Yue Zongliang , Chen Jake Y. , Yang Henry , Tenen Daniel G. , Ferrell Paul Brent , Lu Rui , Darley-Usmar Victor , D’Alessandro Angelo , Bhatia Ravi , Welner Robert S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLeukemic stem cells (LSCs) can acquire non-mutational resistance following drug treatment leading to therapeutic failure and relapse. However, oncogene-independent mechanisms of drug persistence in LSCs are incompletely understood, which is the primary focus of this study. We integrated proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to determine the contribution of STAT3 in promoting metabolic changes in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) persistent chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Proteomic and transcriptional differences in TKI persistent CML cells revealed BCR-ABL-independent STAT3 activation in these cells. While knockout of STAT3 inhibited the CML cells from developing drug-persistence, inhibition of STAT3 using a small molecule inhibitor sensitized the persistent CML cells to TKI treatment. Interestingly, given the role of phosphorylated STAT3 as a transcription factor, it localized uniquely to genes regulating metabolic pathways in the TKI-persistent CML stem and progenitor cells. Subsequently, we observed that STAT3 dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism forcing the TKI-persistent CML cells to depend on glycolysis, unlike TKI-sensitive CML cells, which are more reliant on oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, targeting pyruvate kinase M2, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, specifically eradicated the TKI-persistent CML cells. By exploring the role of STAT3 in altering metabolism, we provide critical insight into identifying potential therapeutic targets for eliminating TKI-persistent LSCs.
Surface-modified elastomeric nanofluidic devices for single nanoparticle trapping
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Lim Roderick Y. H. , Pfohl Thomas , Ekinci Yasin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur work focuses on the development of simpler and effective production of nanofluidic devices for high-throughput charged single nanoparticle trapping in an aqueous environment. Single nanoparticle confinement using electrostatic trapping has been an effective approach to study the fundamental properties of charged molecules under a controlled aqueous environment. Conventionally, geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices are fabricated using SiOx-based substrates and comprise nanochannels imbedded with nanoindentations such as nanopockets, nanoslits and nanogrids. These geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices can only trap negatively charged particles, and therefore, to trap positively charged particles, modification of the device surface is required. However, the surface modification process of a nanofluidic device is cumbersome and time consuming. Therefore, here, we present a novel approach for the development of surface-modified geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices that reduces the surface modification time from nearly 5 days to just a few hours. We utilized polydimethylsiloxane for the development of a surface-modified geometry-induced electrostatic trapping device. To demonstrate the device efficiency and success of the surface modification procedure, a comparison study between a PDMS-based geometry-induced electrostatic trapping device and the surface-modified polydimethylsiloxane-based device was performed. The device surface was modified with two layers of polyelectrolytes (1: poly(ethyleneimine) and 2: poly(styrenesulfonate)), which led to an overall negatively charged surface. Our experiments revealed the presence of a homogeneous surface charge density inside the fluidic devices and equivalent trapping strengths for the surface-modified and native polydimethylsiloxane-based geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices. This work paves the way towards broader use of geometry-induced electrostatic trapping devices in the fields of biosensing, disease diagnosis, molecular analysis, fluid quality control and pathogen detection.
Longitudinal plasma phosphorylated tau 181 tracks disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Shi-Dong , Huang Yu-Yuan , Shen Xue-Ning , Guo Yu , Tan Lan , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) as a progression biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we examined longitudinal plasma p-tau181 of 1184 participants (403 cognitively normal (CN), 560 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 221 with AD dementia) from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The plasma p-tau level was increased at baseline for MCI and AD dementia (mean: CN, 15.4 pg/mL; MCI, 18.4 pg/mL; AD dementia, 23.7 pg/mL; P < 0.001) and increased significantly over time at preclinical (Aβ-positive CN), prodromal (Aβ-positive MCI), and dementia (Aβ-positive dementia) stage of AD. A longitudinal increase of plasma p-tau181 was associated with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels (low Aβ42, high phosphorylated tau, and high total tau, all P < 0.001), amyloid accumulation (P < 0.001) and hypometabolism (P = 0.002) on positron emission tomography, atrophy in structure imaging (small hippocampal (P = 0.030), middle temporal (P = 0.008), and whole brain (P = 0.027) volume, and large ventricular volume (P = 0.008)), and deteriorated cognitive performance (global cognition and memory, language, executive function, and visuospatial function, all P < 0.050) at baseline. Furthermore, longitudinal plasma p-tau181 correlated with concurrent changes of nearly all these AD-related hallmarks and faster increase in plasma p-tau181 correlated with faster worsening cognition in all diagnostic groups. Importantly, most associations remained significant in Aβ-positive group and became non-significant in Aβ-negative group. Longitudinal analyses of plasma p-tau181 suggest its potential as a noninvasive biomarker to track disease progression in AD and to monitor effects of disease-modifying therapeutics in clinical trials.
Ibudilast, a neuroimmune modulator, reduces heavy drinking and alcohol cue-elicited neural activation: a randomized trial
Authors: Grodin Erica N. , Bujarski Spencer , Towns Brandon , Burnette Elizabeth , Nieto Steven , Lim Aaron , Lin Johnny , Miotto Karen , Gillis Artha , Irwin Michael R. , Evans Christopher , Ray Lara A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIbudilast, a neuroimmune modulator which selectively inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDE)-3, -4, -10, and -11, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), shows promise as a novel pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the mechanisms of action underlying ibudilast’s effects on the human brain remain largely unknown. Thus, the current study examined the efficacy of ibudilast to improve negative mood, reduce heavy drinking, and attenuate neural reward signals in individuals with AUD. Fifty-two nontreatment-seeking individuals with AUD were randomized to receive ibudilast (n = 24) or placebo (n = 28). Participants completed a 2-week daily diary study during which they filled out daily reports of their past day drinking, mood, and craving. Participants completed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alcohol cue-reactivity paradigm half-way through the study. Ibudilast did not have a significant effect on negative mood (β = −0.34, p = 0.62). However, ibudilast, relative to placebo, reduced the odds of heavy drinking across time by 45% (OR = 0.55, (95% CI: 0.30, 0.98)). Ibudilast also attenuated alcohol cue-elicited activation in the ventral striatum (VS) compared to placebo (F(1,44) = 7.36, p = 0.01). Alcohol cue-elicited activation in the VS predicted subsequent drinking in the ibudilast group (F(1,44) = 6.39, p = 0.02), such that individuals who had attenuated ventral striatal activation and took ibudilast had the fewest number of drinks per drinking day in the week following the scan. These findings extend preclinical and human laboratory studies of the utility of ibudilast to treat AUD and suggest a biobehavioral mechanism through which ibudilast acts, namely, by reducing the rewarding response to alcohol cues in the brain leading to a reduction in heavy drinking.
Noncanonical functions of glucocorticoids: A novel role for glucocorticoids in performing multiple beneficial functions in endometrial stem cells
Authors: Park Se-Ra , Kim Seong-Kwan , Kim Soo-Rim , Kim Doojin , Kim Kun-Woo , Hong In-Sun , Lee Hwa-Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic stress has a negative impact on many fertility-related functions; thus, the recent decline in female fertility seems to be at least partially associated with increased stress. The secretion of glucocorticoids is a typical endocrine response to chronic stress and indirectly reduces uterine receptivity through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, in addition to its well-known canonical role, the direct effects of chronic stress-induced glucocorticoids on various uterine functions and their underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and have not yet been revealed. Recent studies have found that resident stem cell deficiency is responsible for the limited regenerative potential of the endometrium (the innermost lining of the uterine cavity) during each menstrual cycle, which subsequently increases infertility rates. In this context, we hypothesized that stress-induced glucocorticoids directly damage endometrial stem cells and consequently negatively affect endometrial reconstruction, which is important for uterine receptivity. In addition to its well-known canonical roles, we identified for the first time that cortisol, the most abundant and potent glucocorticoid in humans, directly suppresses the multiple beneficial functions (self-renewal, transdifferentiation, and migratory potential) of human endometrial stem cells through its functional receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glucocorticoids inhibit well-known survival signals, such as the PI3K/Akt and FAK/ERK1/2 pathways. More importantly, we also found that immobilization of stress-induced glucocorticoids suppresses the various beneficial functions of tissue resident stem cells in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the direct effects of glucocorticoids on the regenerative capacity of endometrial stem cells, and the findings will facilitate the development of more promising therapeutic approaches to increase female fertility.
G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17 inhibits glioma development by increasing polycomb repressive complex 1-mediated ROS production
Authors: Liu Huiqing , Xing Rui , Ou Zhimin , Zhao Junying , Hong Guolin , Zhao Tong-Jin , Han Ying , Chen Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. However, the development of glioma and effective therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here, we identify GPR17 as a potential target to treat glioma. Data mining with human LGG and GBM samples reveals that GPR17 is negatively correlated with glioma development. Overexpressing GPR17 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by raising ROS levels. GPR17-overexpressing glioma cells are less tumorigenic in the brain than in control cells. Mechanistically, GPR17 inhibits the transcription of RNF2, a key component in the PRC1 complex, through cAMP/PKA/NF-κB signaling, leading to reduced histone H2A monoubiquitination. ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses reveal KLF9 as a direct target of RNF2. KLF9 mediates the functions of GPR17 and RNF2 in glioma cells. Furthermore, activation of GPR17 by its agonist inhibits glioma formation. Our findings have thus identified GPR17 as a key regulator of glioma development and a potential therapeutic target for gliomas.
Population matched (pm) germline allelic variants of immunoglobulin (IG) loci: Relevance in infectious diseases and vaccination studies in human populations
Authors: Khatri Indu , Berkowska Magdalena A. , van den Akker Erik B. , Teodosio Cristina , Reinders Marcel J. T. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin (IG) loci harbor inter-individual allelic variants in many different germline IG variable, diversity and joining genes of the IG heavy (IGH), kappa (IGK) and lambda (IGL) loci, which together form the genetic basis of the highly diverse antigen-specific B-cell receptors. These allelic variants can be shared between or be specific to human populations. The current immunogenetics resources gather the germline alleles, however, lack the population specificity of the alleles which poses limitations for disease-association studies related to immune responses in different human populations. Therefore, we systematically identified germline alleles from 26 different human populations around the world, profiled by “1000 Genomes” data. We identified 409 IGHV, 179 IGKV, and 199 IGLV germline alleles supported by at least seven haplotypes. The diversity of germline alleles is the highest in Africans. Remarkably, the variants in the identified novel alleles show strikingly conserved patterns, the same as found in other IG databases, suggesting over-time evolutionary selection processes. We could relate the genetic variants to population-specific immune responses, e.g. IGHV1-69 for flu in Africans. The population matched IG (pmIG) resource will enhance our understanding of the SHM-related B-cell receptor selection processes in (infectious) diseases and vaccination within and between different human populations.
Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of Au–Ag bimetallic nanocluster@CNTs–TiO2 nanocomposite and its use in ultra-sensitive immunosensing for CEA
Authors: Huang Xiaomei , Deng Xiang , Su Ke , Qi Wenjing 
Published: June 2021

Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of novel Au–Ag bimetallic nanocluster@CNTs–TiO2 nanocomposites (Au–Ag NCs@CNTs–TiO2 NPs) with a unique “pearl necklace” structure is realized and applied as ECL immunosensor for cancer embryo antigen (CEA).
Achievable secrecy rate analysis in mmWave ad hoc networks with multi‐array antenna transmission and artificial noise
Authors: Darwesh Ahmed Fathy , Fapojuwo Abraham O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the achievable secrecy rate in a millimeter wave (mmWave) ad hoc network with multi‐array antenna transmission in the presence of non‐colluding and colluding eavesdroppers. By exploiting the tools of stochastic geometry, the average achievable secrecy rate is derived, taking into consideration the impact of blockages, directional beamforming, and Nakagami‐m fading. Moreover, a simple yet effective artificial noise transmission (Tx‐AN) technique is applied at the transmitting nodes to enhance the secrecy performance while the channel state information at the desired transmitter is unknown. Numerical and simulation results are presented for the average achievable secrecy rate in the mmWave ad hoc network without and with the Tx‐AN technique. For example, at the high transmit power (>20 dBm), the average achievable secrecy rate with the Tx‐AN technique is up to three times higher than that obtained when the Tx‐AN technique is not used. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the secrecy robustness of the Tx‐AN technique against increasing eavesdroppers' intensity. Finally, the proper power allocation between the message and AN signals that maximizes the average achievable secrecy rate is computed.
No‐load voltage and damper winding loss and heat analysis of the pole shoe and damper winding centre line shifted structure of tubular hydro‐generators
Authors: Bian Zu‐ying , Zhou Zhi‐ting , Fan Zhen‐nan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor the pole shoe and damper winding centre line shifted structure that has been gradually applied in hydro‐generator in recent years, this letter selects one real integer and one fractional slot large tubular hydro‐generator as examples. Then revealed the influence trends of different shift degrees on the no‐load voltage waveform quality and the damper winding loss and heat under rated load conditions. Also, it compared these trends with those of the traditional stator skew 1 slot structure. The results show that for integer slot generator, this kind of shift structure can obtain high‐quality no‐load voltage waveform close to the traditional stator skewed 1 slot scheme, and the damper winding loss and heat is significantly smaller than the latter. For fractional slot generators, this kind of shift structure will lead to the deterioration of the no‐load voltage waveform.