bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human pseudouridine synthase PUS7 recognizes RNA with an extended multi-domain binding surface
Authors: Guegueniat Julia , Halabelian Levon , Zeng Hong , Dong Aiping , Li Yanjun , Wu Hong , Arrowsmith Cheryl H , Kothe Ute 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The human pseudouridine synthase PUS7 is a versatile RNA modification enzyme targeting many RNAs thereby playing a critical role in development and brain function. Whereas all target RNAs of PUS7 share a consensus sequence, additional recognition elements are likely required, and the structural basis for RNA binding by PUS7 is unknown. Here, we characterize the structure–function relationship of human PUS7 reporting its X-ray crystal structure at 2.26 Å resolution. Compared to its bacterial homolog, human PUS7 possesses two additional subdomains, and structural modeling studies suggest that these subdomains contribute to tRNA recognition through increased interactions along the tRNA substrate. Consistent with our modeling, we find that all structural elements of tRNA are required for productive interaction with PUS7 as the consensus sequence of target RNA alone is not sufficient for pseudouridylation by human PUS7. Moreover, PUS7 binds several, non-modifiable RNAs with medium affinity which likely enables PUS7 to screen for productive RNA substrates. Following tRNA modification, the product tRNA has a significantly lower affinity for PUS7 facilitating its dissociation. Taken together our studies suggest a combination of structure-specific and sequence-specific RNA recognition by PUS7 and provide mechanistic insight into its function.
Impact of obesity in kidney transplantation: a prospective cohort study from French registries between 2008 and 2014
Authors: Grèze Clarisse , Pereira Bruno , Boirie Yves , Guy Laurent , Millet Clémentine , Clerfond Guillaume , Garrouste Cyril , Heng Anne-Elisabeth 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The access of obese patients to kidney transplantation is limited despite several studies showing that obese transplant recipients had a better survival rate than those undergoing dialysis. The aim of this study was to compare patient and graft survival rates and post-renal transplant complications in obese patients and non-obese patients and to assess the effect of pre-transplant weight loss in obese patients on transplant outcomes.

Methods
We carried out a prospective cohort study using two French registries, the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network and CRISTAL, on 7270 kidney transplant patients between 2008 and 2014 in France. We compared obese patients with non-obese patients and obese patients who lost more than 10% of weight before the transplant (obese WL and obese nWL).

Results
The mean BMI in our obese patients was 32 kg/m2. Graft survival was lower in obese patients than in non-obese patients {hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09; 1.78], P = 0.007}, whereas patient survival was similar [HR = 0.94, (95% CI 0.73; 1.23), P = 0.66]. Graft survival was significantly lower in obese WL than in obese nWL [HR = 2.17, (1.02; 4.63), P = 0.045], whereas patient survival was similar in the two groups [HR = 0.79, (0.35; 1.77), P = 0.56].

Conclusion
Grade 1 obesity does not seem to be a risk factor for excess mortality after kidney transplantation and should not be an obstacle to having access to a graft. Weight loss before a kidney transplant in these patients should not be essential for registration on waiting list.
Seizures in patients with kidney diseases: a neglected problem?
Authors: Gungor Ozkan , Aydin Zeki , Inci Ayca , Oguz Ebru Gok , Arici Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTNephrologists may encounter many systemic problems in their patients, including involvement of the neurological system and the development of seizures. Seizures are defined as abnormal neurological functions that cause overstimulation of neurons in the cerebral cortex or limbic system. Seizures may be focal or generalized depending on their origin and may have tonic, clonic, tonic–clonic or myoclonic character depending on the level of involvement of the motor movements. Patients with kidney disease may develop seizures due to etiologies seen in the general population (such as intracranial bleeding, cerebrovascular events, tumors, infections and intoxications) or due to kidney-related etiologies (such as uremic encephalopathy, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome and hyponatremia). Management of seizures in kidney patients is challenging for proper determination of the type and dosage of antiepileptic drugs due to varying renal clearances. This review covers the major causes of new-onset seizures in patients with acute kidney injury, electrolyte imbalances, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, renal transplantation or hypertension, and the available management approaches.
Dust dissipation timescales in the intermediate and outer regions of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Maeshima Hiroshi , Nakagawa Takao , Kojima Takuya , Takita Satoshi , Kwon Jungmi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dust and gas in protoplanetary disks dissipate as central stars evolve. In order to estimate the dust dissipation timescales in the protoplanetary disks, we stacked the WISE 12 and 22, and the AKARI 90 μm survey images of known T Tauri stars and derived the average fluxes, well below the survey flux limit in the 90 μm band. We classified 4783 T Tauri stars into three age groups, which are young (&lt;2 Myr), mid-age (2–6 Myr), and old (&gt;6 Myr) groups, and stacked the WISE 12 and 22 and the AKARI 90 μm images in each group. The photometry of the stacked image shows the flux decay timescales of 1.4 ± 0.2, 1.38 ± 0.05, and $1.4^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\:$Myr in the 12, 22, and 90 μm bands, respectively. In optically thin disks with one-solar luminosity central stars, the 12 and 22 μm fluxes are attributed to the emission from the intermediate (∼1 au) region and the 90 μm flux corresponds to that from the outer (∼10 au) region in the disk. We hence conclude that the dust dissipation timescale is τmed,dust ∼ 1.4 Myr in the intermediate disks and is $\tau _{\rm outer,dust}= 1.4^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\:$Myr in the outer disks. The dust-dissipation time difference between the outer and intermediate disks is $\Delta \tau _{\rm dust} = \tau _{\rm outer,dust} -\tau _{\rm med,dust}=0.0^{+0.6}_{-0.5}\:$Myr, indicating that the dust in the intermediate and outer disks dissipates on almost the same timescale.
The rôles of plankton and neuston microbial organic matter in climate regulation
Authors: Jenkinson Ian R , Berdalet Elisa , Chin Wei-Chun , Denis Michel , Ding Haibing , Duan Jizhou , Elias Florence , Emri Igor , Karn Santosh K , Li Zhuo , Malej Alenka , Mari Xavier , Seuront Laurent , Sun Jun , Wyatt Tim , Zhang Wuchang , Wurl Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plankton and neuston microbes produce organic matter (OM), which accumulates in the sea surface microlayer (SML). Fluxes of heat and momentum exchange across the sea-air interface, as do fluxes of matter, including greenhouse gases, aerosols, microbes (algae, bacteria sensu lato and viruses) and other substances. At least at calm to moderate windspeeds, microbial OM (MOM) in the SML reduces these fluxes. Another MOM fraction, foam, covers a part of the ocean surface. Ocean foam increases mean ocean albedo because it reflects solar radiation, thus cooling the ocean and the Earth. The rheological properties of MOM and the reduction of sea-air fluxes depend on microbial abundance and taxonomic composition, as do the formation and persistence of foam. Genomic regulation of MOM secretion may thus be helping to regulate air-sea fluxes and climate. Unpredictable changes in abundance and taxonomic composition of these microbial communities may be adding uncertainty to global and more local climate. Some of this uncertainty could be mitigated by studying the ecology and genomics of the surface microbial community together with chemical and rheological properties of their secreted MOM and its effects on sea-air fluxes and foam coverage, to incorporate into climate models.
SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 are negative regulators of leaf and fruit growth in tomato
Authors: Swinnen Gwen , Mauxion Jean-Philippe , Baekelandt Alexandra , De Clercq Rebecca , Van Doorsselaere Jan , Inzé Dirk , Gonzalez Nathalie , Goossens Alain , Pauwels Laurens 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plant organ size and shape are major agronomic traits that depend on cell division and expansion, which are both regulated by complex gene networks. In several eudicot species belonging to the rosid clade, organ growth is controlled by a repressor complex consisting of PEAPOD (PPD) and KINASE-INDUCIBLE DOMAIN INTERACTING (KIX) proteins. The role of these proteins in asterids, which together with the rosids constitute most of the core eudicot species, is unknown. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–CRISPR-associated protein 9 genome editing to target SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 in the asterid model species tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and analyzed loss-of-function phenotypes. Loss-of-function of SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 led to the production of enlarged, dome-shaped leaves and these leaves exhibited increased expression of putative Solanum lycopersicum PPD (SlPPD target genes. Unexpectedly, kix8 kix9 mutants carried enlarged fruits with increased pericarp thickness due to cell expansion. At the molecular level, protein interaction assays indicated that SlKIX8 and SlKIX9 act as adaptors between the SlPPD and SlTOPLESS co-repressor proteins. Our results show that KIX8 and KIX9 are regulators of organ growth in asterids and can be used in strategies to improve important traits in produce such as thickness of the fruit flesh.
Continuous Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block Provides Effective Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yang , Min Jia , Chen Shibiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The optimal analgesia regimen after open cardiac surgery has been unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of continuous pecto-intercostal fascial blocks (PIFB) initiated before surgery on outcomes after open cardiac surgery.

Methods
A group of 116 patients were randomly allocated to receive either bilateral continuous PIFB (PIF group) or the same block with saline (SAL group). The primary endpoint was postoperative pain at 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours after extubation at rest and during exercise. The secondary outcome measures included analgesia requirements (sufentanil and flurbiprofen consumption), time to extubation, length of stay in the intensive care unit, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, time until return of bowel function, time to mobilization, time to urinary catheter removal, and the length of hospital stay.

Results
The length of stay in the intensive care unit (29 ± 7 hours vs 13 ± 4 hours, P &lt; 0.01) and length of hospital stay (8.9 ± 0.9 days vs 6.5 ± 1.1 days, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly longer in the SAL group than in the PIF group. Resting pain scores (2 hours after extubation: 1.1 vs 3.3, P &lt; 0.01; 4 hours after extubation: 1.0 vs 3.5, P &lt; 0.01; 8 hours after extubation: 1.2 vs 3.7, P &lt; 0.01; 16 hours after extubation: 1.3 vs 3.7, P &lt; 0.01; 24 hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 2.8, P &lt; 0.01; 48 hours after extubation: 0.9 vs 2.2, P &lt; 0.01; 72 hours after extubation: 0.8 vs 2.1, P &lt; 0.01) and dynamic pain scores (2 hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 3.7, P &lt; 0.01; 4 hours after extubation: 1.3 vs 3.8, P &lt; 0.01; 8 hours after extubation: 1.4 vs 3.5, P &lt; 0.01; 16 hours after extubation: 1.2 vs 3.4, P &lt; 0.01; 24 hours after extubation: 1.1 vs 3.1, P &lt; 0.01; 48 hours after extubation: 1.0 vs 2.9, P &lt; 0.01; 72 hours after extubation: 0.9 vs 2.8, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower in the PIF group than in the SAL group at all time points. The PIF group required significantly less intraoperative sufentanil consumption (123 ± 32 μg vs 63 ± 16 μg, P &lt; 0.01), postoperative sufentanil consumption (102 ± 22 μg vs 52 ± 17 μg, P &lt; 0.01), and postoperative flurbiprofen consumption (350 ± 100 mg vs 100 ± 100 mg, P &lt; 0.01) than the SAL groups. Time to extubation (8.9 ± 2.4 hours vs 3.2 ± 1.3 hours, P &lt; 0.01), time to first flatus (43 ± 6 hours vs 30 ± 7 hours, P &lt; 0.01), time until mobilization (35 ± 5 hours vs 24 ± 7 hours, P &lt; 0.01), and time until urinary catheter removal (47 ± 9 hours vs 31 ± 4 hours, P &lt; 0.01) were significantly earlier in the PIF group than in the SAL group. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the PIF group (9.1% vs 27.3%, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Bilateral continuous PIFB reduced the length of hospital stay and provided effective postoperative pain relief for 3 days.
The Trump Election and Attitudes toward the United States in Latin America
Authors: Carreras Miguel , Visconti Giancarlo , Acácio Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDid the election of Donald Trump have an immediate effect on trust in the US government in Latin America? While on the campaign trail, the Republican candidate used strong and derogatory language to describe Latin American countries and people and made policy proposals that could deteriorate US-Latin American relations. However, the effect of the Trump election on attitudes toward the United States might be null or minimal if Latin American citizens have strong priors and/or if they do not pay attention to political information. Therefore, it is not clear whether the 2016 election led to a rapid decline in trust in the US government in Latin America. Leveraging the timing of the field implementation of the 2016 wave of the AmericasBarometer in five Latin American countries, we estimate the effect of the 2016 presidential election on respondents’ attitudes using a regression discontinuity design in time. We find that the election of Trump substantively decreased respondents’ trust in the US government.
Effects of prolonged methylphenidate treatment on amygdala reactivity and connectivity: a randomized controlled trial in stimulant treatment-naive, male participants with ADHD
Authors: Kaiser Antonia , Bottelier Marco A , de Ruiter Michiel B , Solleveld Michelle M , Tamminga Hyke G H , Bouziane Cheima , Geurts Hilde M , Lindauer Ramon J L , Kooij J J Sandra , Lucassen Paul J , Schrantee Anouk , Reneman Liesbeth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Problems with emotional processing are widely reported in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although methylphenidate (MPH) effectively alleviates inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD, its effects on emotional processing and internalizing symptoms have remained elusive. While we previously found that acute MPH administration modulated neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in an age-dependent manner, the effects of prolonged administration remained unknown.

Objectives
Therefore, we investigated: (i) whether prolonged MPH treatment influences neural substrates (amygdala reactivity and connectivity) of emotional processing, and (ii) whether these effects are modulated by age.

Methods
The “effects of Psychotropic drugs On Developing brain-MPH” (“ePOD-MPH”) randomized controlled trial was a 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial with MPH in 50 boys (10–12 years of age) and 49 men (23–40 years of age), all stimulant treatment-naive and diagnosed with ADHD. Participants performed an emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed their symptoms of ADHD and internalizing symptoms at baseline, during the trial (8 weeks), and 1 week after the trial end (17 weeks).

Results and Conclusions
We did not find effects of prolonged MPH treatment on emotional processing, as measured by amygdala reactivity and connectivity and internalizing symptoms in this trial with stimulant treatment-naive participants. This differs from our findings on emotional processing following acute MPH administration and the effects of prolonged MPH treatment on the dopamine system, which were both modulated by age. Interestingly, prolonged MPH treatment did improve ADHD symptoms, although depressive and anxiety symptoms showed a medication-independent decrease. Furthermore, our data indicate that baseline internalizing symptoms may be used to predict MPH treatment effects on ADHD symptoms, particularly in (male) adults with ADHD.
Measuring Operating Leverage
Authors: Chen Huafeng (Jason) , Chen Jason V , Li Feng , Li Pengfei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We examine a simple measure of operating leverage: the ratio of fixed costs (measured by depreciation and amortization plus selling, general, and administrative expenses) to the market (or book) value of assets. We find that this measure of operating leverage positively predicts returns. This operating leverage measure is not explained by common factors and performs better than the traditional measures of operating leverage. Furthermore, an exploratory two-factor model with the operating leverage factor works at least as well as, but does not subsume, the Fama and French five-factor model. (JEL G11, G12, G30)
Association between autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis and cancer in a national registry
Authors: Hoa Sabrina , Lazizi Selma , Baron Murray , Wang Mianbo , Fritzler Marvin J , Hudson Marie ,   for the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
A close temporal relationship between SSc onset and cancer has been reported in anti-RNA polymerase III-positive patients. We investigated the association between cancer and other SSc autoantibodies in a national SSc registry.

Methods
SSc patients enrolled in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry from 2004 to 2019 were characterized according to autoantibodies to centromere, topoisomerase I/Scl70, RNA polymerase III, fibrillarin, Th/To (hPOP1), PM/Scl, Ku, NOR90, Ro52/TRIM21 and U1RNP. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between a close cancer-SSc interval and autoantibody status, adjusted for age, sex, race and smoking history.

Results
Of 1698 SSc patients, 1481 (87%) had available autoantibody data. Cancer was diagnosed within 2, 3 and 5 years of the first non-Raynaud manifestation in 1.3%, 2.1% and 3.5% of patients. The most frequent cancers diagnosed within 2 years were breast (33%), gynaecological (19%) and haematological (14%) cancers. The risk of cancer within 2 years was increased among anti-topoisomerase I [odds ratio (OR) 3.43, 95% CI: 1.04, 10.05] and anti-U1-RNP-positive patients (OR 5.54, 95% CI: 1.16, 20.40), but not with anti-RNA polymerase III. None of the anti-fibrillarin, Th/To, PM/Scl, Ku and NOR90-positive patients had cancer within 2 years. Patients with anti-centromere or none of the tested autoantibodies had numerically lower risks of developing cancer within two years.

Conclusion
Synchronous cancer was rare in this large cohort of predominantly female and White SSc patients. The risk of cancer within 2 years was increased among anti-topoisomerase I and anti-U1-RNP-positive patients. Screening strategies guided by autoantibodies require further careful consideration.
Lobbying to the rhythm of Wall Street? Explaining the political advocacy of non-financial corporations over financial regulatory policy
Authors: Young Kevin L , Pagliari Stefano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-financial corporations (NFCs) have acted as vocal and important allies with the financial industry when it comes to advocacy over regulatory policy. Why? We explore this question in the context of the lobbying activity surrounding the financial policy reforms in the USA following the global financial crisis. We propose a range of explanations for why some NFCs might become ‘financial activists’ in support of the financial industry, while others remain passive. We find a wide range of indicators of firm-level financialization to be unreliable predictors of NFC financial activism, in addition to indicators of potential external control by financial firms through their ownership structure or the presence of financial subsidiaries. Our finding instead show how NFC financial activism is related to how a given firm is embedded in broader structures of corporate networks, relational political action, and ideology.
Analyzing Disparity and Rates of Morphological Evolution with Model-Based Phylogenetic Comparative Methods
Authors: Hansen Thomas F , Bolstad Geir H , Tsuboi Masahito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding variation in rates of evolution and morphological disparity is a goal of macroevolutionary research. In a phylogenetic comparative methods framework, we present three explicit models for linking the rate of evolution of a trait to the state of another evolving trait. This allows testing hypotheses about causal influences on rates of phenotypic evolution with phylogenetic comparative data. We develop a statistical framework for fitting the models with generalized least-squares regression and use this to discuss issues and limitations in the study of rates of evolution more generally. We show that the power to detect effects on rates of evolution is low in that even strong causal effects are unlikely to explain more than a few percent of observed variance in disparity. We illustrate the models and issues by testing if rates of beak-shape evolution in birds are influenced by brain size, as may be predicted from a Baldwin effect in which presumptively more behaviorally flexible large-brained species generate more novel selection on themselves leading to higher rates of evolution. From an analysis of morphometric data for 645 species, we find evidence that both macro- and microevolution of the beak are faster in birds with larger brains, but with the caveat that there are no consistent effects of relative brain size.[Baldwin effect; beak shape; behavioral drive; bird; brain size; disparity; phylogenetic comparative method; rate of evolution.]
Time Course of Odor Categorization Processing
Authors: Bae Jisub , Kim Kwangsu , Moon Sun Ae , Choe Han Kyoung , Jin Youngsun , Kang Won-Seok , Moon Cheil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe brain’s mechanisms for categorizing different odors have long been a research focus. Previous studies suggest that odor categorization may involve multiple neurological processes within the brain with temporal and spatial neuronal activation. However, there is limited evidence regarding temporally mediated mechanisms in humans, especially millisecond odor processing. Such mechanisms may be important because different brain areas may play different roles at a particular activation time during sensory processing. Here, we focused on how the brain categorizes odors at specific time intervals. Using multivariate electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, we found that similarly perceived odors induced similar EEG signals during 50–100, 150–200, and 350–400 ms at the theta frequency. We also found significant activation at 100–150 and 350–400 ms at the gamma frequency. At these two frequencies, significant activation was observed in some olfactory-associated areas, including the orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings provide essential evidence that specific periods may be related to odor quality processing during central olfactory processing.