bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue nevus with smooth muscle hyperplasia: A rare hamartoma
Authors: Higgins Alyssa D. , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA limited number of distinct histopathological variants of blue nevus exist, and hamartomatous proliferations involving melanocytic components, dendritic, or otherwise, have also been described. Blue nevus/smooth muscle hamartomas represent a rarely described entity. In this paper, we add two examples of this unusual hamartoma to the existing literature. These additional blue nevus/smooth muscle hamartomas occurred on the left mid‐upper back of a 50‐year‐old woman and the central upper back of a 54‐year‐old man. Both lesions were clinically atypical pigmented lesions. Histopathologic review of both specimens revealed proliferations of predominantly spindled and pigmented dermal melanocytes with associated smooth muscle hyperplasia, compatible with blue nevus/smooth muscle hamartoma. Both specimens were accompanied by subtle changes suggesting follicular induction, a phenomenon previously described as occurring in a minority of specimens. A brief re‐examination of recently diagnosed blue nevus at our institution did not reveal any additional cases in which a subtle smooth muscle component had been missed, suggesting this type of hamartoma is, indeed, exceedingly rare.
Biogeography of Angolan rodents: The first glimpse based on phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Krásová Jarmila , Mikula Ondřej , Bryja Josef , Baptista Ninda L. , António Telmo , Aghová Tatiana , Šumbera Radim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAssessment of phylogenetic diversity and biogeographical affinities of the rodent fauna from one of the most neglected areas in Africa.LocationAngola (with biogeographical implications in adjacent areas).MethodsInference of mitochondrial phylogenies for rodent genera occurring in Angola, delimitation of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), assessment and comparative analysis of their geographical distribution.ResultsWe provide the first genetic evidence for the presence of 44 rodent taxa from 19 genera and 5 families in Angola, including twelve MOTUs endemic to Angola, and 12 candidate new species, pending integrative taxonomic revisions. The endemic MOTUs were found almost exclusively in the Angolan Miombo Woodlands and in Angolan montane forest−grassland mosaic.Main conclusionsThe highly diverse Angolan rodent fauna is mostly composed of and shows affinities with taxa originating from three major biogeographical regions of sub‐Saharan Africa (Zambezian, South African and Congolian). It is also composed of a unique fauna comprising palaeoendemics from the Angolan Highlands. The species richness and the endemism detected in the Angolan montane forest−grassland mosaic and in the Angolan escarpment forests suggest that these are relevant for conservation, but more studies including other biological groups are needed to fundament this.
Upper endoscopy photodocumentation quality evaluation with novel deep learning system
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Yen , Yen Hsu‐Heng , Li Pai‐Chi , Chang Ruey‐Feng , Yang Chia Wei , Chen Yang‐Yuan , Chang Wen‐Yen 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesVisualization and photodocumentation during endoscopy procedures are suggested to be one indicator for endoscopy performance quality. However, this indicator is difficult to measure and audit manually in clinical practice. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that may solve this problem.MethodsA deep learning model with an accuracy of 96.64% was developed from 15,305 images for upper endoscopy anatomy classification in the unit. Endoscopy images for asymptomatic patients receiving screening endoscopy were evaluated with this model to assess the completeness of photodocumentation rate.ResultsA total of 15,723 images from 472 upper endoscopies performed by 12 endoscopists were enrolled. The complete photodocumentation rate from the pharynx to the duodenum was 53.8% and from the esophagus to the duodenum was 78.0% in this study. Endoscopists with a higher adenoma detection rate had a higher complete examination rate from the pharynx to duodenum (60.0% vs. 38.7%, P < 0.0001) and from esophagus to duodenum (83.0% vs. 65.7%, P < 0.0001) compared with endoscopists with lower adenoma detection rate. The pharynx, gastric angle, gastric retroflex view, gastric antrum, and the first portion of duodenum are likely to be missed by endoscopists with lower adenoma detection rates.ConclusionsWe report the use of a deep learning model to audit endoscopy photodocumentation quality in our unit. Endoscopists with better performance in colonoscopy had a better performance for this quality indicator. The use of such an AI system may help the endoscopy unit audit endoscopy performance.
Back and forth: History of and new insights on the vertebrate lymphatic valve
Authors: Shin Masahiro , Lawson Nathan D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLymphatic valves develop from pre‐existing endothelial cells through a step‐wise process involving complex changes in cell shape and orientation, along with extracellular matrix interactions, to form two intraluminal leaflets. Once formed, valves prevent back‐flow within the lymphatic system to ensure drainage of interstitial fluid back into the circulatory system, thereby serving a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Despite the extensive anatomical characterization of lymphatic systems across numerous genus and species dating back several hundred years, valves were largely thought to be phylogenetically restricted to mammals. Accordingly, most insights into molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in lymphatic valve development have derived from mouse knockouts, as well as rare diseases in humans. However, we have recently used a combination of imaging and genetic analysis in the zebrafish to demonstrate that valves are a conserved feature of the teleost lymphatic system. Here, we provide a historical overview of comparative lymphatic valve anatomy together with recent efforts to define molecular pathways that contribute to lymphatic valve morphogenesis. Finally, we integrate our findings in zebrafish with previous work and highlight the benefits that this model provides for investigating lymphatic valve development.
The complex trophic community of Disholcaspis eldoradensis, a sucrose‐secreting cynipid gall wasp of Quercus lobata
Authors: Ivey Christopher T. , Gilberti Drew B. 
Published: October 2021

1. Galls of some species of cynipid wasps produce a sugary secretion that attracts ants, which are thought to defend gall‐inducers against natural enemies, although evidence in support of this hypothesis is mixed. Some discrepancies may be explained by the complexity of the multitrophic interactions, which involve multiple ant and parasitoid species, and which are influenced by gall size and aggregation. The gall exudate also affects these relationships, although secretion patterns and possible host plant impacts appear to be unstudied.2. We studied Disholcaspis eldoradensis Beutenmuller (Hymenoptera:Cynipidae) galls on Quercus lobata Née (Fagaceae) and its interactions with ants and parasitoids. We used exclusion experiments to test the defensive benefits of ants and timing of parasitoid oviposition, and we measured how gall size, aggregation, and ant visitation influence these interactions. In addition, we measured variation in sucrose secreted by galls during larval development.3. Ants benefited gall inducers in 2018, but not 2019. Over 80% of visits observed were from invasive ants. Gall aggregation was not associated with parasitism, gall inducer success, or visitation by ants. During 2018, gall size was inversely correlated with the chance of parasitism and positively correlated with gall inducer biomass, whereas in 2019, parasitoid community composition varied with gall size. Sucrose secretion varied widely among galls and through time.4. Facultative mutualisms between ants and sugar‐secreting galls are complex and likely vary through time depending on local ecological circumstances. Gall secretions warrant increased attention and may impose a substantial burden on some host plant photosynthetic budgets.
Adjusted comparison between elotuzumab and carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Morabito Fortunato , Zamagni Elena , Conticello Concetta , Pavone Vincenzo , Palmieri Salvatore , Bringhen Sara , Galli Monica , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Derudas Daniele , Rossi Elena , Ria Roberto , Catalano Lucio , Tacchetti Paola , Mele Giuseppe , Donatella Vincelli Iolanda , Antonia Martino Enrica , Vigna Ernesto , Botta Cirino , Bruzzese Antonella , Mele Anna , Pantani Lucia , Rocchi Serena , Garibaldi Bruno , Cascavilla Nicola , Ballanti Stelvio , Tripepi Giovanni , Frigeri Ferdinando , Pia Falcone Antonetta , Cangialosi Clotilde , Reddiconto Giovanni , Farina Giuliana , Barone Marialucia , Rizzello Ilaria , Musto Pellegrino , De Stefano Valerio , Musso Maurizio , Teresa Petrucci Maria , Offidani Massimo , Neri Antonino , Di Renzo Nicola , Di Raimondo Francesco , Boccadoro Mario , Cavo Michele , Gentile Massimo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lack of a randomized trial comparing carfilzomib (K) versus elotuzumab (Elo) associated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) prompted us to assess the relative usefulness of one triplet over the other. Five independent retrospective cohorts of 883 relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients, including 300 EloRd and 583 KRd cases, outside clinical trials, entered this non‐randomized comparison. KRd cohort accounted for a higher incidence of younger patients, cases with ≥3 lines of therapy, already exposed to lenalidomide, International Staging System (ISS) stage III, and abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level compared with EloRd cohort. Moreover, cytogenetic risk categories, detected in roughly one‐third of cases, were equally distributed between the two therapy arms. The probability of CR+VGPR response was significantly higher in KRd (n = 314, 53.9%) than in EloRd patients (n = 111, 37.0%). Likewise, the cumulative incidence function of CR+VGPR, taking into account the competitive risk of death, was significantly higher in KRd arm patients than those in the EloRd arm (p = .003). Moreover, KRd treatment significantly reduced the progression or death risk by 46% in an adjusted multivariate analysis (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.42–0.69, p < .0001). Finally, in an adjusted illness‐progression/death model, the effect of KRd versus EloRd was of higher magnitude among those who achieved CR+VGPR (−39% hazard ratio reduction, p = .02) than among those who achieved < VGPR (−29% hazard ratio reduction, p = .007). With limitations characteristic to any retrospective analysis, this current clinical practice study's overall results demonstrated potential benefits of KRd therapy compared with EloRd. This observation may help the daily clinical practice.
Differentiating global luminance, arousal and cognitive signals on pupil size and microsaccades
Authors: Wang Chin‐An , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPupil size reflects a proxy for neural activity associated with global luminance, arousal and cognitive processing. Microsaccades are also modulated by arousal and cognitive processing. Are these effects of arousal and cognitive signals on pupil size and microsaccades coordinated? If so, via what neural mechanisms? We hypothesized that if pupil size and microsaccades are coordinately modulated by these processes, pupil size immediately before microsaccade onset, as an index for ongoing cognitive and arousal processing, should correlate with microsaccade responses during tasks alternating these signals. Here, we examined the relationship between pupil size and microsaccade responses in tasks that included variations in global luminance, arousal and inhibitory control. Higher microsaccade peak velocities correlated with larger pre‐microsaccade pupil response related to arousal and inhibitory control signals. In contrast, pupil responses evoked by global luminance signals did not correlate with microsaccade responses. Given the central role of the superior colliculus in microsaccade generation, these results suggest the critical involvement of the superior colliculus to coordinate pupil and microsaccade responses for arousal and inhibitory control modulations, but not for the pupil luminance modulation.
Plasmatic endocannabinoids are decreased in subjects with ultra‐high risk of psychosis
Authors: Joaquim Helena P. G. , Costa Alana C. , Pereira Cícero A. C. , Talib Leda L. , Bilt Martinus M. V. , Loch Alexandre A. , Gattaz Wagner F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe onset of frank psychosis is usually preceded by a prodromal phase characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms. Currently, research on schizophrenia prodromal phase (ultra‐high risk for psychosis [UHR]) has focused on the risk of developing psychosis, on the transition to full blown psychosis and on its prediction. Neurobiological differences between UHR individuals who fully recover (remitters) versus those who show persistent/progressive prodromal symptoms (nonremitters) have been little explored. The endocannabinoid system constitutes a neuromodulatory system that plays a major role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, emotional behaviours and cognition. It comprises two cannabinoid receptors (CB1/CB2), two endocannabinoid ligands, arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) along with their inactivation enzymes. Despite much evidence that the endocannabinoid system is imbalanced during psychosis, very little is known about it in UHR. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the plasma endocannabinoid levels in UHR and healthy controls (HC) and verify if these metabolites could differentiate between remitters and nonremitters. Circulating concentrations of AEA (p = .003) and 2AG (p < .001) were lower in UHR when compared with HC, with no difference between remitters and nonremitters. Regarding clinical evolution, it was observed that out of 91 UHRs initially considered, 16 had psychiatric complaints (3 years of follow‐up). Considering those subjects, there were weak correlations between clinical parameters and plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids. Our results suggest that the endocannabinoids are imbalanced before frank psychosis and that changes can be seen in plasma of UHR individuals. These molecules proved to be potential biomarkers to identify individuals in the prodromal phase of psychosis.
Neural correlates of interoceptive accuracy: Beyond cardioception
Authors: Baltazar Matias , Grezes Julie , Geoffray Marie‐Maude , Picq Jean‐Luc , Conty Laurence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInteroceptive accuracy (IAc), the precision with which one assesses the signals arising from one's own body, is receiving increasing attention in the literature. IAc has mainly been approached as an individual trait and has been investigated through the cardiac modality using mostly non‐ecological methods. Such studies consensually designate the anterior insular cortex as the main brain correlate of IAc. However, there is a lack of brain imaging studies investigating IAc in a broader and more ecological way. Here, we used a novel ecological task in which participants monitored their general bodily reactions to external events and investigated brain regions subtending intraindividual (i.e. trial‐by‐trial) variations of IAc. At each trial, participants had to rate the intensity of their bodily reactions to an emotional picture. We recorded participants' skin conductance response (SCR) to the picture as an indicator of actual physiological response intensity. We fitted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) model using, as regressors, the SCR value, the rating and the product of the two (as a proxy of participants' IAc) obtained trial per trial. We observed that activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) increased when individuals' IAc decreased. This result reveals general mechanism of error processing in intraindividual variations of IAc, which are unspecific to interoception. Our result has a practical impact in the clinical domain. Namely, it supports the predictive coding framework whereby IAc deficits may reflect impairments in processing a mismatch between actual interoceptive signals and predictions.
Intelligent grey forecasting model based on periodic aggregation generating operator and its application in forecasting clean energy
Authors: Sui Aodi , Qian Wuyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction of long‐term and short‐term clean energy production is the basis for understanding short‐term clean energy supply capacity, long‐term clean energy development trend and evaluating the effect of energy policies. However, under the circumstances of the large time span, the insufficient data samples and the periodic characteristics of seasonal clean energy production make the traditional grey prediction model prone to produce forecasting deviations. Given this situation, a novel seasonal fractional‐order full‐order time power discrete grey prediction model is initially proposed to deal with long‐term clean energy production sequences featured with nonlinearity and periodicity. Based on the proposed model, we also propose a data‐based algorithm to select the model structure adaptively. To prove the practicability of the new model for nonlinear long‐term development trend, monthly periodic time series and quarterly periodic time series, this article uses the new model to predict annual hydropower capacity in North America, monthly natural gas production in China and quarterly solar power generation in China. And the prediction results are compared with the existing grey models and non‐grey prediction models. Different methods including GM (1,1), DGM (1,1), NGM (1,1), ARGM (1,1), ENGM (1,1), Verhulst, CCRGM (1,1), FOTP‐DGMr (1,1), PFSM (1,1), Holt‐winters model, SARIMA model, SGM, HP‐GM and DGGM are used as benchmarks. In experiments, the MAPE of the proposed model is 2.92%, 2.43%, and 7.87%, respectively. The results of empirical analysis indicate that the proposed model generally outperform the benchmark model as it can well capture nonlinear long‐term development trend and seasonal characteristics.
Effects of superchilling on quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): water migration, biogenic amines accumulation, and nucleotides catabolism
Authors: Qin Lerong , Wu Yuxin , Chen Jiwang , Xia Wenshui , Liao E , Wang Haibin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryEffects of refrigerated (3.5 ± 0.5 °C), iced (0 ± 0.5 °C) and superchilled (−3.0 ± 1.0 °C) storage on quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were evaluated by monitoring the water migration, microbial contamination, biogenic amines accumulation, and nucleotides catabolism during 21 days. The results indicated that superchilling was effective in accelerating the rate of water migration and reducing total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, total viable bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and psychrotrophic bacteria of crayfish. Meanwhile, significant (P < 0.05) lower putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine contents were observed in superchilled sample (SS), whereas histamine concentrations were at lower levels (0.76–2.31 μmol g−1) in all treatments. In addition, the predominant nucleotides degradation pathway in crayfish was the conversion of inosine monophosphate, which was accumulated massively (3.74 µmol g−1) in SS at the end of storage. According to the dynamic changes of inosine and hypoxanthine contents, the shelf life of SS was prolonged to 15 days.
Differences in the light‐dependent changes of the glutathione metabolism during cold acclimation in wheat varieties with different freezing tolerance
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Balogh Eszter , Szalai Gabriella , Galiba Gábor , Kocsy Gábor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLight‐dependent (250 or 500 µmol/m2/s, red/far‐red: 15/1; 250 µmol/m2/s and red/far‐red: 10/1) adjustment of glutathione metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C, 7 d) was compared in four wheat genotypes (14‐day‐old) differing in freezing tolerance. Only the shoot fresh weight of the two tolerant genotypes increased during cold, regardless of light conditions. Their electrolyte leakage was decreased in high light intensity. Cold greatly increased both the amount of γ‐glutamylcysteine (glutathione precursor) and cysteinylglycine (degradation product) in all genotypes grown in high intensity and far‐red lights, and consequently, the ratio of their oxidised forms exhibited a great decrease. However, cold induced a fivefold increase in the amount of glutathione and hydroxymethylglutathione disulphides only in the two sensitive genotypes grown in far‐red light. In general, the activities of the four enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle were decreased by cold, except for the two tolerant genotypes cultivated in high light intensity. The gene expression studies did not reveal any transcriptional control of the changes observed at metabolite and activity levels. Our results show that both high intensity and far‐red lights are involved in the control of the cold‐induced changes in the amount/activity of the studied antioxidants, and some of these alterations have positive correlation with the level of freezing tolerance.
The capability of Bacillus pseudomycoides from soil to remove Cu(II) in water and prevent it from entering plants
Authors: Li Huixin , Ai Chongyang , Zhao Xixi , Pang Bing , Xu Xiaoguang , Wu Wanqin , Liu Guanwen , Jiang Chunmei , Pan Zhongli , Shi Junling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Copper ion is widespread in wastewater and threatens the condition and human health. Micro-organisms have unique advantages to remove heavy-metal ions from water, but are rarely reported in the removal of copper ion. This aims to develop micro-organisms that can remove copper ion in water, characterize their properties and analyse their potential application in practice.

Methods and Results
Sewage sludge was used as the source to isolate wild bacteria that can remove copper ion in water. The most efficient strain was screened out from 23 obtained isolates, identified as Bacillus pseudomycoides and coded as C6. The properties of C6 in the removal of copper ion in water were investigated in the aspects of reaction conditions, reaction groups, reaction dynamic and the application in oat planting. The reaction at pH 7 within 10 min yielded the highest removal rate of copper ion, 83%. The presence of lead ion in the reaction system could promote the removal rate of copper ion. Carboxyl groups and amidogen of C6 biomass were mainly involved in the removal of copper ion. The removal of copper ion was in accord with single-layer adsorption and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. In application, C6 biomass reduced the copper content in the oat seedlings grown in copper ion containing water by more than seven times.

Conclusions
B. pseudomycoides C6 can efficiently remove copper ion in water and inhibit it from entering plants.

Significance and Impact of Study
This is the first time to report the capability of B. pseudomycoides to remove copper ion in water, which is also more efficient than the currently reported chemical and biological methods.