bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Perspectives on Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction: Thematic Analysis of Social Media Posts
Authors: Parker Jane K , Kelly Christine E , Smith Barry C , Kirkwood Aidan F , Hopkins Claire , Gane Simon 
Published: December 2021

Background
The impact of qualitative olfactory disorders is underestimated. Parosmia, the distorted perception of familiar odors, and phantosmia, the experience of odors in the absence of a stimulus, can arise following postinfectious anosmia, and the incidences of both have increased substantially since the outbreak of COVID-19.

Objective
The aims of this study are to explore the symptoms and sequalae of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction syndrome using unstructured and unsolicited threads from social media, and to articulate the perspectives and concerns of patients affected by these debilitating olfactory disorders.

Methods
A thematic analysis and content analysis of posts in the AbScent Parosmia and Phantosmia Support group on Facebook was conducted between June and December 2020.

Results
In this paper, we identify a novel symptom, olfactory perseveration, which is a triggered, identifiable, and usually unpleasant olfactory percept that persists in the absence of an ongoing stimulus. We also observe fluctuations in the intensity and duration of symptoms of parosmia, phantosmia, and olfactory perseveration. In addition, we identify a group of the most common items (coffee, meat, onion, and toothpaste) that trigger distortions; however, people have difficulty describing these distortions, using words associated with disgust and revulsion. The emotional aspect of living with qualitative olfactory dysfunction was evident and highlighted the detrimental impact on mental health.

Conclusions
Qualitative and unsolicited data acquired from social media has provided useful insights into the patient experience of parosmia and phantosmia, which can inform rehabilitation strategies and ongoing research into understanding the molecular triggers associated with parosmic distortions and research into patient benefit.
Kerentanan Anak Indonesia terhadap Kekerasan Seksual Online Era Covid-19: Sebuah Perspektif Hukum
Authors: Tatyana Nadira 
Published: December 2021

Sejak terjadinya pandemi COVID-19, kekerasan seksual online anak di Indonesia meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya paparan terhadap internet dan teknologi digital, sehingga berakibat buruk bagi berkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap kekerasan seksual anak serta pengaturan dan perlindungan hukum atas kekerasan seksual online anak. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian yuridis normatif dan menggunakan data sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen dari data sekunder, sehingga bersifat deskriptif-analitis yang menggambarkan suatu gejala sosial. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap kenaikan tingkat kekerasan seksual online terhadap anak dikarenakan tingginya paparan internet dan teknologi digital terhadap anak. Kedua, pemerintah telah meratifikasi Convention on the Rights of the Child dan optional protocol terkait serta Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak. Hal yang perlu dikritisi antara lain peningkatan pengawasan orang tua atas aktivitas berinternet anak dan penegakkan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak.
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Ever since COVID-19 hit, the rate of online sexual violence against child in Indonesia has risen tremendously along with the increasing exposure to the internet and digital technology, hence would adversely affect child development. This research aims to find the impacts of COVID-19 towards online sexual violence against child as well as regulations and legal protections of online sexual violence against child. This research is normative juridical research. This research uses secondary data. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative method by analyzing collected secondary data, therefore this research is descriptive-analytical which explains a social phenomenon. There are two conclusions in this research. First, COVID-19 impacts the rising rate of online sexual violence against child due to the high exposure of internet and digital technology usage. Second, government has ratified Convention on the Rights of the Child and its related optional protocol and Child Protection Law. There are criticized matters regarding this research, inter alia strengthening parents’ surveillance on child’s internet activities and the law enforcement on Child Protection Law.
THE DETERMINATION OF ETHYL P-METHOXY CINNAMATE IN KAEMPFERIA GALANGA L. RHIZOME EXTRACT HARVESTED IN RAINY AND DRY SEASONS
Authors: WAHYUNI INDAH SUASANI , SUFIAWATI IRNA , NITTAYANANTA WIPAWEE , LEVITA JUTTI 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome (KGR), has been empirically used in Indonesia, particularly by Javanese, to cure inflammation. KGR contains various secondary metabolites which explain its pharmacology activities, among them is ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC). However, due to the different seasons of our country, the yield of extraction is often unalike. In this work, we determined the percentage of yield (w/w), the water content (thermogravimetric method), and the concentration of EPMC in the Ethanol extract of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome (EEKG) harvested from the rainy (EEKG-R) and dry seasons (EEKG-D).
Methods: The sun-dried rhizomes were cold macerated for 3x24 h with 70% ethanol, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated at 40-45 °C until a viscous extract was obtained. The determination of EPMC in the extract was carried out using the RP-HPLC standard addition method. Detection was set at 308 nm; injection volume 20 µl; flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The column used is C18 (length 250 mm, internal diameter 4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm).
Results: The yield of EEKG-R (harvested in the rainy season) = 14.56% w/w, water content = 4.37%, and the EPMC = 0.01%. Meanwhile the yield of EEKG-D (harvested in the dry season) = 5.79% w/w, water content = 18.76%, and the EPMC = 0.001%.
Conclusion: Different climates affect the percentage yield and the quality of the extract. In our work, the EEKG-R (harvested in the rainy season) revealed a better quality compared to that of EEKG-D (harvested in the dry season) This study gives important information to standardize and optimize the harvest time of KG rhizomes for drugs development, which are strongly influenced by seasonal differences.
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION COMBINATION OF MORINDA FRUIT AND CINNAMON BARK USING GLUCOSE-INDUCED IN MICE
Authors: MUSFIROH IDA , YUSUF NURFADILAH , MOEKTIWARDOYO MOELYONO 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) are plants that have the hypoglycemic effect on their ethyl acetate fraction in the single dose. This study was to determine the hypoglycemic activity of the combination of ethyl acetate fraction (FEM) and cinnamon bark (FEC) in glucose-induced mice, as well as the dose of the combination of FEM and FEC which could have a hypoglycemic effect.
Methods: The methods were including extraction using liquid-liquid extraction, identification by TLC, and assay of hypoglycemic activity in mice induced by oral glucose for a moment in the eight groups that were normal control, negative control, positive control, dose 1-5. The activity tests were performed at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th of minutes.
Results: The research showed that the yield of FEM and FEC were 5.25% and 8.05%. Identification of compounds by TLC showed that the FEM and FEC were 4 and 3 spots. The results of a hypoglycemic test showed that the combination of FEM and FEC on glucose-induced mice showed a decreased effect of mice blood glucose levels better than a single dose of these fractions.
Conclusion: The hypoglycemic activity test at a combined dose of FEM 175 mg/kg BW and FEC 150 mg/Kg BW have provided hypoglycemic activity better compared to other dose groups with a percentage decrease in average relative blood glucose at the 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th minute were 29.57%, 44.94%, 43.40% and 40.55%, respectively. Thus, the combination of the FEM and FEC in glucose-induced mice gave a hypoglycemic effect in mice.
IN VITRO ANTI-NEUROINFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF GENISTEIN (4',5,7-TRIHYDROXYISOFLAVONE) ON MICROGLIA HMC3 CELL LINE, AND IN SILICO EVALUATION OF ITS INTERACTION WITH ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-β
Authors: MA’ARIF BURHAN , MUSLIKH FAISAL A. , ANGGRAINI WIRDA , TAEK MAXIMUS M. , LASWATI HENING , AGIL MANGESTUTI 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the role of genistein or 4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone as a phytoestrogen in the treatment of estrogen deficiency-induced neuroinflammatory. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of genistein through measurement of MHC II and Arg1 expressions on microglia HMC3 cell line, as well as to prove that the effect occurs in an ER-dependent manner, through the measurement of free-ERβ expression.
Methods: The cells were cultured in 24-well microplates, induced with 10 ng IFN-γ, and incubated for 24 h to activate the cell to M1 phenotype which has pro-inflammatory characteristics. Genistein with a concentration of 50 μM was added to the cells. The expression of MHC II, Arg1, and free-ERβ as markers was tested through an immunocytochemistry method and measured using the CLSM instrument. In silico approach was also conducted to determine the interaction between genistein and ERβ, compared to 17β-estradiol. Genistein structure was prepared with Avogadro 1.0.1, and molecular docking was done using PyRx 0.8 software. Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016 was used to visualize the structure of genistein against 3OLS protein. The physicochemical characteristics of genistein were analyzed using the SwissADME web tool.
Results: Genistein can decrease MHC II expression and increase Arg1 expression in microglia HMC3 cells compared to negative controls (p<0.005), with expression value of 472.577±26.701 AU and 114.299±6.578 AU. But, genistein cannot decrease the free-ERβ expression in cells (p<0.005). The results of in silico analysis showed that genistein is an ERβ agonist.
Conclusion: Genistein shows anti-neuroinflammatory effects by decreasing the MHC II expression and increasing Arg1 expression in the microglia HMC3 cell line. However, this effect does not occur through the binding of genistein to ERβ, but it is likely to occur through the binding of genistein with other types of ER.
Woody species associated with coffee production systems in southern Colombia
Authors: Ordoñez-Jurado Héctor Ramiro , Cerón Marbel , Martinez O Dayana Lizeth 
Published: December 2021

In the coffee zone of the town La Unión- Nariño, native or introduced trees are associated with the productive systems of the farms, mainly because they provide shade for coffee crops, where particular aspects such as species biodiversity and silvicultural management are unknown. With the aim of knowing the woody species of common use and the cultural importance, a semi structured survey was applied to 100 coffee growers who were selected at random and aleatorily distributed in three altitudinal ranges: (m.a.s.l.): I (<1500), II (1500-1800) and III (> 1800). Species richness was determined for each chosen range; for diversity between ranges, the Jaccard Index (JI) and the Cultural Importance Index (CI) were used. The latter was determined by adding up the intensity of use (IU), frequency of citation (FC), and use value (UV). In the three altitude ranges evaluated, 59 tree species were found. These were distributed in 32 botanical families and 46 genera. The fabaceae family was the most representative, followed by rutaceae, myrtaceae and bignoniaceae; 45.8% of the species were introduced. Among the altitudinal ranges, a low degree similarity was found; ranks I and II shared 24 species, which is equivalent to 33.8% of their floristic composition. As for ranges I and III, they had an even lower degree of similarity: 24.2%; only 17 species were shared. The species I. densiflora had the highest percentage of CI, with 32.92%, followed by C. sinensis with 31.98%; then the species T. gigantea and P. americana with 30.49% and 26.27% respectively. These species were of great importance to coffee growers due to the positive impact they have on the family economy and their contribution to the environmental well-being of production systems.
The Effect of Mushroom Manager Behavior on Organizational Charlatan and Organizational Loneliness
Authors: ERGÜN Hüsnü 
Published: December 2021

The mushroom-type manager expects employees not to have much knowledge on organizational issues, but to follow the instructions and directives without question. This study aims to examine the effect of the mushroom-type management approach on the loneliness levels of the employees and organizational charlatan behaviors. Therefore, the research is designed in a relational screening model. The research was carried out in the province of Denizli in Turkey with 464 participants. In the research, the mushroom type management scale, UCLA loneliness scale-3, and organizational charlatan scale were used. Validity and reliability studies of the Turkish mushroom-type management scale for schools have been reconstructed. UCLA loneliness scale-3 and organizational charlatan scale were adapted to Turkish by the researcher. The data were collected with the help of electronic forms. Regression analysis was carried out to determine the extent to which mushroom type management predicted teachers’ organizational loneliness behaviors and teachers' organizational charlatan behaviors. As a result of the research, it has been found that mushroom management positively affects the other two variables. For this reason, school principals can be suggested mushroom management behavior.
Medición de saberes previos a través del uso de un software matemático para establecer planes de mejoramiento en alumnos de una institución educativa de la dorada (Caldas)
Authors: Hernández Molina Oscar Julián , Buitrago Tabares Bairo 
Published: December 2021

Se realizó una medición y evaluación de saberes previos en el área de matemáticas dentro del marco curricular de los Derechos Básicos de Aprendizaje (DBA) para el grado 5° de primaria del Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Con base en este análisis, se elaboró una propuesta a la institución educativa objeto de estudio, para ajustar los contenidos que obtuvieron calificaciones bajas, recomendando un plan de mejoramiento que responda a la necesidad de formar alumnos y posteriormente ciudadanos matemáticamente competentes.

Propuesta de desarrollo y construcción de un software matemático para el grado 5° primaria y ser aplicado en la Institución Educativa, ofrecer un entorno de trabajo más atractivo, interactivo e intuitivo, permitir recrear diferentes problemas, situaciones o realidades en los diferentes contextos del estudiante y dejarla de hacer “menos abstracta”. El software matemático es un programa pensado para que los alumnos y docentes puedan visualizar una interfaz amigable para poder responder las actividades y procesos matemáticos de manera más asertiva, con herramientas acordes a esta era digital.
Benefits of not smoking during pregnancy for non-Aboriginal women and their babies in New South Wales, Australia: a record linkage study
Authors: Patterson Jillian , Cashmore Aaron , Ioannides Sally , Milat Andrew , Nippita Tanya , Morris Jonathan , Torvaldsen Siranda 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSmoking rates among pregnant women in New South Wales (NSW) have plateaued at 8-9%. To inform relevant smoking reduction efforts, we aimed to quantify the benefits of not smoking during pregnancy for non-Aboriginal NSW mothers and their babies. The benefits of not smoking during pregnancy for NSW Aboriginal mothers have previously been described. These data are important inputs in modelling health and economic impacts of smoking cessation interventions.
MethodsThis population-based cohort study used linked-data from routinely collected data sets. Not smoking during pregnancy was the exposure of interest among all NSW non-Aboriginal women who became mothers of singleton babies in 2012-2016. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks (aRR) were used to examine associations between not smoking during pregnancy and adverse outcomes including severe morbidity, inter-hospital transfer, perinatal death, preterm birth and small-for-gestational age. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to quantify adverse perinatal outcomes avoided in the population if all mothers were non-smokers.
ResultsCompared with babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy, babies born to non-smoking mothers had a lower risk of all adverse perinatal outcomes including perinatal death (aRR}=0.68, 95%CI 0.61-0.76), preterm birth (aRR=0.58, 95%CI 0.56-0.61) and small-for-gestational age (aRR=0.48, 95%CI 0.47-0.50). PAFs(%) were 3.9% for perinatal death, 5.6% for preterm birth and 7.3% for small-for-gestational-age. Compared with women who smoked during pregnancy (n=36,518), those who did not smoke (n=413,072) had a lower risk of suffering severe maternal morbidity (aRR=0.87, 95%CI 0.81-0.93) and being transferred to another hospital (aRR=0.92, 95%CI 0.86-0.99).
ConclusionsMothers who reported not smoking during pregnancy had a small reduction in their risk of morbidity and of being transferred to another hospital whilst their babies had substantially reduced risks of all adverse perinatal outcomes. Results have implications for clinician training, clinical care standards, and performance management.
INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF DESSERT PREPARATION
Authors: Neshchadym Lyudmyla 
Published: December 2021

Modern market conditions require constant improvement and application of innovative technologies in the food industry. The main technologies of making dessert products with low sugar content are investigated in the article. Natural and artificial sugar substitutes, their benefits and harms of use are analyzed.
The latest trend in the development of the food industry in Ukraine and the world is the strengthening of integration and globalization. This situation leads to stable economic growth and ensuring the competitiveness of the food industry. An important condition for the implementation of innovative technologies and methods in the food industry is the evaluation of their effectiveness, which largely depends on the object of evaluation, the type of effect, the approach to evaluating efficiency.
Today, desserts are the most popular food. The constant increase of the population and, accordingly, the satisfaction of the consumption needs of any products require innovative approaches to product technologies. The latest trends and trends in improving the quality of food products while reducing calories and increasing nutritional value lead to the creation of innovative types of dessert products with functional recognition. New types of dessert products are significantly influenced by the need for a healthy diet, taking into account all the necessary macronutrients.
When creating a new functional dessert, much attention is paid to improving the nutritional value. A promising area of the development of functional products is dessert products with low energy value and low sugar content.
As of today, the confectionery industry and, accordingly, dessert products are becoming increasingly popular. The total production of food industry enterprises, in terms of dessert products, is more than 1.4 million tons of products per year (3% of GDP). This house closely cooperates with agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and is one of the largest consumers of their products ˗ milk, flour, sugar, etc. In modern conditions, the food industry is stably developed, self-sufficient and occupies a leading position in both domestic and global markets. The production of dessert products is constantly growing. This trend is observed not only in Ukraine.
Monitoring and research of the confectionery market in Ukraine demonstrates the fact that the largest share is occupied by domestic products. This is about 95% of the total. This percentage is provided by a highly concentrated market with a large number of food industry enterprises (about 800 companies).
Modern consumers want to get something innovative as a dessert, with a low sugar content, balanced in the number of macronutrients. In a number of European countries and Japan, desserts with the addition of vitamins, minerals, sweeteners, sugar substitutes (including stevia) have become very popular.
Perancangan Dan Penerapan Sistem Penjualan Berbasis Web Pada Restoran Tengkleng Mbah Ninik
Authors: Amilia Noor Aidha , Nurkamid Mukhamad , Listyorini Tri 
Published: December 2021

Penjualan adalah aktivitas dalam menjual produk ataupun jasa. Permasalahan yang ada dalam proses penjualan yaitu kurang optimalnya pemilik dalam mengelola penjualan. Banyak pemilik usaha dalam mencatat data masuk maupun keluar masih manual. Akibatnya sangat mungkin terjadi kesalahan dalam mencatat, serta kehilangan data. Maka terjadilah perbedaan data, terjadi kesalahan data, salah maupun kurang dalam menghitung. Maka dari itu dibutuhkannya sistem penjualan supaya owner usaha makanan dan minuman dapat terbantu dalam proses penjualannya, seperti Restoran Tengkleng Mbah Ninik ketika mengolah data. Maka dengan adanya sebuah aplikasi sistem penjualan maka dapat membantu pemilik usaha dalam memperbarui data setiap ada transaksi. dan setiap saat dapat mengecek proses transaksi melalui web. Dalam pembuatan aplikasi sistem penjualan, pada pengembangan aplikasi penulis menggunakan metode waterfall. Dan menggunakan metode black box, white box dan user acceptance testing pada hasil implementasi dan pengujian yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa sistem penjualan yang dibangun dapat membantu dan meningkatkan kinerja di restoran Tengkleng Mbah Ninik Kudus. Kata kunci: Penjualan, Web, Usaha, Makanan dan Minuman, Waterfall
Production of Game Making Spaces: Disco Elysium and the game making community in Estonia
Authors: Ozimek Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses Disco Elysium in the context of the development of game making communities in Estonia and international production networks. Drawing on an analysis of secondary sources, in-depth interviews and a survey with game makers in Estonia, this article contributes to studies on national and regional game-production cultures. The aim of this article is two-fold. First, it contributes to studies of game production cultures by discussing the development and structure of game-making communities in Estonia. As such, it enriches the understanding of game production in Europe by providing empirical data about game making in Estonia. Second, based on the example of Disco Elysium, the article demonstrates how national, regional and international production networks contribute to the spatial politics of game production. In conclusion, this article emphasises the importance of the construction of space in game production and the asymmetries of power among game production regions.