bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventionen zur Steigerung der Resilienz
Authors: Chmitorz Andrea , Kunzler Angela M. , Lieb Klaus , Tüscher Oliver 
Published: April 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGResilienz beschreibt die Aufrechterhaltung oder rasche Wiederherstellung der psychischen Gesundheit trotz starker Belastung oder widriger Lebensumstände. Aufgrund der prinzipiellen Modifizier- und Trainierbarkeit von Resilienz wurden zahlreiche Interventionsprogramme entwickelt. Ein Vergleich verschiedener Interventionen zur Steigerung der Resilienz macht konzeptionelle, methodische und designspezifische Besonderheiten deutlich. Es zeigen sich Unterschiede in den Resilienzdefinitionen, der Operationalisierung und Messung der Resilienz sowie methodische Limitationen im Studiendesign. Dies erschwert die Vergleichbarkeit der Studien und die zusammenfassende Betrachtung der Effekte. Die veröffentlichten systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen über den Effekt von Resilienzinterventionen weisen auf geringe bis moderate Effekte im Hinblick auf eine Steigerung der Resilienz, die Abnahme psychiatrisch relevanter Symptome sowie eine Verminderung des subjektiven Stresserlebens hin. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Studien ist die Evidenzlage als gering gesichert bzw. vertrauenswürdig einzustufen. Aspekte zur Verbesserung der Studiendesigns und -durchführung von zukünftigen Resilienzinterventionsstudien zielen auf die Verbesserung der Evidenzsicherung ab. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die konzeptionellen, methodischen und designspezifischen Besonderheiten von Resilienzinterventionsstudien auf und gibt einen narrativen Überblick über die Ergebnisse systematischer Übersichtsarbeiten über die Wirksamkeit von Resilienzinterventionen bei erwachsenen Zielgruppen.
Ambulantes Operieren in der HNO-Heilkunde in Deutschland
Authors: Deitmer Thomas , Dietz Andreas , Delank K.-Wolfgang , Plontke Stefan K. , Welkoborsky H.-J. , Dazert Stefan 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEs ist gesundheitspolitischer Wille, die ambulante Chirurgie in der HNO-Heilkunde in Deutschland auszuweiten und in einem Umfang auszuüben, wie es im internationalen Bereich wahrgenommen wird.Um die Voraussetzungen für eine sinnvolle Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes zu bestimmen und für Patienten und Ärzte einen akzeptablen und sicheren Rahmen bei gleichbleibender Qualität im Vergleich zu stationären Verfahren erreichen zu können, wird ein Review der internationalen Literatur zu Organisation, Ergebnissen und Durchführung solcher ambulanten Eingriffe in der HNO-Heilkunde durchgeführt.Ambulantes Operieren findet international in verschiedenen Strukturen und Organisationsformen statt. So erfolgen z. B. kleinere Operationen ohne Vollnarkose in Praxen (office based surgery), größere Operationen in ambulanten Operationszentren, die solitär oder an Kliniken angelehnt sein können und in denen Verweildauern von wenigen Stunden (day case surgery) bis hin zu 23 Stunden (23 h case surgery) praktiziert werden. Eine sorgfältige Selektion der Patienten für die ambulante Chirurgie wird mit Blick auf Komorbiditäten, Medikationen, soziale und häusliche Betreuungsmöglichkeiten sowie Wegestrecken und -zeiten betrieben. Ein striktes Qualitätsmanagement der gesamten Abläufe wird unter Einbezug aller Berufsgruppen gefordert.
Treatment-Dose LMWH versus Prophylactic/Intermediate Dose Heparins in High-Risk COVID-19 Inpatients: Rationale and Design of the HEP-COVID Trial
Authors: Goldin Mark , Giannis Dimitrios , Diab Wassim , Wang Janice , Khanijo Sameer , Sharifova Gulru , Cohen Marc , Lund Jeet M. , Mignatti Andrea , Gianos Eugenia , Tafur Alfonso , Lewis Paul A. , Cohoon Kevin , Kittelson John M. , Lesser Martin L. , Sison Cristina P. , Rahman Husneara , Ochani Kanta , Hiatt William R. , Dale Rita A. , Anderson Victoria E. , Bonaca Marc , Halperin Jonathan L. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Spyropoulos Alex C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and mortality particularly among hospitalized patients with critical illness and elevated D-dimer (Dd) levels. Conflicting data have yet to elucidate optimal thromboprophylaxis dosing. HEP-COVID (NCT04401293) is a phase 3, multicenter, pragmatic, prospective, randomized, pseudo-blinded, active control trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of therapeutic-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) versus prophylactic-/intermediate-dose LMWH or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for prevention of a primary efficacy composite outcome of VTE, ATE, and all-cause mortality 30 ± 2 days post-enrollment. Eligible patients have COVID-19 diagnosis by nasal swab or serologic testing, requirement for supplemental oxygen per investigator judgment, and Dd >4 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or sepsis-induced coagulopathy score ≥4. Subjects are randomized to enoxaparin 1 mg/kg subcutaneous (SQ)/two times a day (BID) (creatinine clearance [CrCl] ≥ 30 mL/min) or 0.5 mg/kg (CrCl 15–30 mL/min) versus local institutional prophylactic regimens including (1) UFH up to 22,500 IU (international unit) daily (divided BID or three times a day), (2) enoxaparin 30 and 40 mg SQ QD (once daily) or BID, or (3) dalteparin 2,500 IU or 5,000 IU QD. The principal safety outcome is major bleeding. Events are adjudicated locally. Based on expected 40% relative risk reduction with treatment-dose compared with prophylactic-dose prophylaxis, 308 subjects will be enrolled (assuming 20% drop-out) to achieve 80% power. Distinguishing design features include an enriched population for the composite endpoint anchored on Dd >4 × ULN, stratification by intensive care unit (ICU) versus non-ICU, and the ability to capture asymptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis via screening ultrasonography prior to discharge.
Corpus Callosum Involvement as Extrahepatic Manifestation of Hepatitis E Virus: An Uncommon Entity
Authors: Singla Monika , Bansal Parth , Sajja Venkatesh , Dev Kapil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV infection is not limited only to liver but has various extrahepatic manifestations. Virus can affect various organs like pancreas, lymph nodes, hematological system, kidneys, spleen, central, and peripheral nervous system. We hereby present a case of 19-year-old patient with interesting finding on magnetic resonance imaging brain-related with hepatitis E.
Electroclinical Improvement in a Patient with Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome Treated with Zonisamide: A Case Report
Authors: Parravicini Stefano , Pasca Ludovica , Zanaboni Martina Paola , Varesio Costanza , Rognone Elisa , Totaro Martina , Gana Simone , Rossi Elena , De Giorgis Valentina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRing chromosome 20 or r(20) syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder, mainly characterized by childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy with typical electroencephalographic findings, followed by mild to severe cognitive-behavioral decline. Recent studies support a possible role of the dopaminergic system in the epileptogenesis of this syndrome. We report the case of a 13-year-old female with mosaic r(20) who showed typical disease onset and evolution and a remarkable electroclinical improvement with zonisamide. Epilepsy related to r(20) is often medically intractable. When valproate and lamotrigine are not effective, zonisamide could be further investigated as a therapeutic option, since it acts as antifocal and it has a potential role in the prevention of dopamine depletion.
The Use of Antifactor Xa Assays in a Comprehensive Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation Protocol is Associated with Increased Survival and Significant Blood Product Cost-Savings
Authors: Sood Shawn B. , Walker Louisa Anne , Ramanujam Rangaraj , Hardison Daphne , Andrews Jennifer , Smith Andrew H. , Bridges Brian C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe augmented our standard extracorporeal membrane oxygenation laboratory protocol to include antifactor Xa assays, thromboelastography, and antithrombin measurements. We performed a retrospective chart review to determine outcomes for patients placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) prior to and after the initiation of our anticoagulation laboratory protocol. A total of 663 consecutive ECMO runs were evaluated from January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2018. Of these patients, 252 were on ECMO prior to initiation of the anticoagulation laboratory protocol on September 1, 2011, and 411 patients were on ECMO after initiation of the protocol. There were no major changes to our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit or changes to our transfusion threshold during this continuous study period. Transfusion utilization data revealed statistically significant decreases in almost all blood components, and a savings in blood component inflation-adjusted acquisition costs of 31% bringing total blood product cost-savings to $309,905 per year. In addition, there was an increase in survival to hospital discharge from 45 to 56% associated with the initiation of the protocol (p = 0.004). Our data indicate that implementation of a standardized ECMO anticoagulation protocol, which titrates unfractionated heparin infusions based on antifactor Xa assays, is associated with reduced blood product utilization, significant blood product cost savings, and increased patient survival. Future prospective evaluation is needed to establish an antifactor Xa assay-driven ECMO anticoagulation strategy as both clinically superior and cost-effective.
Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Laboratory and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Shaimaa Reda , Abdelraziq Heba Elsayed , khashaba Rana Atef , Diab Aliaa Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) and early cord clamping (ECC) on venous hematocrit (htc) and clinical outcomes in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). This prospective randomized study included 157 term IDMs. The umbilical cords of these infants were clamped at least 60 seconds in group I (DCC group, n = 79) and as soon as possible after birth in group II (ECC group, n = 78). The two groups were compared regarding neonatal venous htc levels, hypoglycemia rates, jaundice requiring phototherapy, respiratory distress, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the DCC group, both at 6 and 24 hours postnatally (p = 0.039 and 0.01), respectively. Polycythemia frequency was higher in DCC than the ECC group, but no patient in either group needed partial exchange transfusion (PET). Rates of jaundice were significantly higher in the DCC group (p = 0.028), but there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding jaundice requiring phototherapy (p = 0.681). There were no differences between the groups regarding hypoglycemia rates, need for glucose infusion, or respiratory distress. The incidence of admission to NICU was lower in the DCC group (p = 0.005). Early clamping was a significant predictor for increased risk of NICU admission. DCC increased polycythemia and jaundice rates but did not increase the need for PET or phototherapy. Also, DCC reduced the severity of respiratory distress and the subsequent need for NICU admission.
Extensive Cerebral Cortical Involvement in Aquaporin 4 Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ramineni Kiran Kumar , Jakkani Ravi Kanth , Ismail Shaik , Malla Ramakrishna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) usually manifest with features of long-segment myelitis and/or optic neuritis. Area postrema involvement presents with nausea, vomiting, and intractable hiccups. Cerebral cortical involvement is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. This report describes an interesting case of aquaporin 4 antibody positive NMOSD with extensive cerebral cortical involvement in addition to area postrema and cervicomedullary lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Following immunosuppressive therapy, good clinical response and near-complete resolution of brain imaging abnormalities were observed.
Breathing, virus transmission, and social distancing—An experimental visualization study
Authors: Arumuru Venugopal , Pasa Jangyadatta , Samantaray Sidhartha Sankar , Varma Vaibhavsingh Surendrasingh 
Published: April 2021

With the outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries, public awareness related to the droplet mode of virus transmission is well documented and communicated. With a large spike in COVID-19 positive cases and the mortality rate, most of the general public are following preventive measures such as wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and frequent hand washing. However, recently, it has been reported that the virus may also transmit through aerosolized particles of diameter &lt;10 µm. The majority of the past research focuses on understanding droplet generation and transport through the most violent spasmodic expiration: coughing and sneezing. However, “breathing,” the most common phenomenon, is scarcely studied as a virus transmission source. In the present study, we report an experimental visualization of the droplet’s transport through breathing to quantify the reach of a typical breath for various exhale to inhale ratios. The efficacy of various standard (surgical, five-layered, and N95) and non-standard (homemade) protective measures such as face masks and face shields is also evaluated. An exhaled breath at E:I = 1:1 can travel up to 4 ft in 5 s; however, this reach reduces to 3 ft for E:I = 1:2. Two-layer homemade and commercial cotton masks are unable to completely impede the leakage of the droplet in the forward direction. A combination of a two-layer mask and face shield is also not effective in preventing the leakage and diffusion of the droplets. The surgical mask alone is not recommended during normal conversations as the leakage of the droplets is noticeable. A commercial N95 mask completely impedes the leakage of the droplets in the forward direction. However, the leakage of the droplets from the gaps between the mask and the nose is observed to be significant. A commercial five-layered mask is observed to be the most effective preservative measure with minimum leakage of the droplets.
Analysis of coil constant of triaxial uniform coils in Mn–Zn ferrite magnetic shields
Authors: Ma Danyue , Lu Jixi , Xiujie Fang , Wang Kun , Jing Wang , Zhang Ning , Chen Huanjian , Ding Ming , Han Bangcheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Triaxial uniform coils housed in magnetic shields are extensively used in atomic sensors. The coil constant can be affected by the magnetic shield that imposes a ferromagnetic boundary. This study numerically and experimentally analyzes the coil constant dependence on the Mn–Zn ferrite magnetic shield thickness, aspect ratio, air gaps between the magnetic annuli, and the distance from the coils. Results show that the radial coil constant (saddle-shaped coil) only depends upon the distance between the coil and the magnetic shield. The axial coil constant (Lee–Whiting coil) depends on the aspect ratio, distance between the coil and the magnetic shield, and air gap width between the magnetic annuli. The axial coil constant is linearly related to the air gap. When the thickness of the magnetic shield is greater than 2 mm, the radial and axial coil constants are independent of the shield thickness. The difference between the simulated and measured values is only 3.9%. The numerical calculation accuracy was verified by experimental measurements. This study can aid in the design and research of coils in the ferrite magnetic shield in atomic sensors.
Solution process manufacture of a simple, multifunctional flexible sensor based on capacitance measurement
Authors: Choi Kwang Wook , Shin Cheol , Jun Sungwoo , Park Soo Jong , Hwang Yooji , Kwak Jin Ho , Park Young Wook , Kim Jong-Woong , Ju Byeong-Kwon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Conventional sensors are rigid, involve complex processes and structures, and one sensor can detect only one type of stimulus. The manufacturing costs of such devices are high owing to the use of vacuum processes for the formation of thin films and electrodes and the complicated fabrication processes required to construct multiple layers. In addition, the multiple-layer design increases the risk of peeling due to mechanical movement. In this study, to solve the aforementioned problems, a simple two-layer multi-sensor has been fabricated using a non-vacuum solution process. The sensor consists of a light absorption layer comprising polyvinyl butyral and semiconductor particles and a top layer comprising two spiral-shaped Ag nanowire electrodes. The sensor experiences minimal damage by external adhesives and has a light-sensitive optical response at 420 nm and at 1.2 mW cm−2. Herein, the capacitance of the sensor applied to the two-electrode structure was determined, along with the light sensitivity and change in noise with frequency. We believe that the proposed multi-sensor can be applied in a wide range of fields because it can act as a touch sensor and light sensor.
Locating line and node disturbances in networks of diffusively coupled dynamical agents
Authors: Delabays Robin , Pagnier Laurent , Tyloo Melvyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A wide variety of natural and human-made systems consist of a large set of dynamical units coupled into a complex structure. Breakdown of such systems can have a dramatic impact, as in the case of neurons in the brain or lines in an electric grid, to name but a few. Preventing such catastrophic events requires in particular to be able to detect and locate the source of disturbances as fast as possible. We propose a simple method to identify and locate disturbances in networks of coupled dynamical agents, relying only on time series measurements and on the knowledge of the (possibly Kron-reduced) network structure. The strength and the appeal of the present approach lies in its simplicity paired with the ability to precisely locate disturbances and even to differentiate between line and node disturbances. If we have access to measurement at only a subset of nodes, our method is still able to identify the location of the disturbance if the disturbed nodes are measured. If not, we manage to identify the region of the network where the disturbance occurs.
Kilobyte Cosmic Birefringence from ALP domain walls
Authors: Takahashi Fuminobu , Yin Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ALP domain walls without strings may be formed in the early Universe. We point out that
such ALP domain walls lead to both isotropic and anisotropic birefringence
of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization, which reflects spatial configuration of the domain walls at the recombination.
The polarization plane of the CMB photon coming from each domain is either not rotated at all or rotated by a fixed angle. For domain walls following the scaling solution,
the cosmic birefringence of CMB is characterized by
2
N
, i.e. N-bit, of information with N =
𝒪(103-4)
being equal to the number of domains at the last scattering surface,
and thus the name, kilobyte cosmic birefringence.
The magnitude of the isotropic birefringence is consistent with the recently reported value, while the anisotropic one is determined by the structure of domains at the last scattering surface. The predicted cosmic birefringence is universal over a wide range of the ALP mass and coupling to photons. The detection
of both signals will be a smoking-gun evidence for the ALP domain walls without strings.
Combining strong and weak lensing estimates in the Cosmos field
Authors: Kuhn Felix Arjun , Birrer Simon , Bruderer Claudio , Amara Adam , Refregier Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a combined cosmic shear analysis of the modeling
of line-of-sight distortions on strongly lensed extended arcs and
galaxy shape measurements in the COSMOS field. We develop a
framework to predict the covariance of strong lensing and galaxy
shape measurements of cosmic shear on the basis of the small scale
matter power-spectrum. The weak lensing measurement is performed
using data from the COSMOS survey calibrated with a cloning scheme
using the Ultra Fast Image Generator UFig [1].
The strong lensing analysis is performed by forward modeling the
lensing arcs with a main lensing deflector and external shear
components from the same Hubble Space Telescope imaging
data set. With a sample of three strong lensing shear measurements
we present a 2-sigma detection of the cross-correlation signal
between the two complementary measurements of cosmic shear along the
identical line of sight. With large samples of lenses available with
the next generation ground and space based observatories, the
covariance of the signal of the two probes with large samples of
lenses allows for systematic checks, cross-calibration of either of
the two measurement and the measurement of the small scale shear
power-spectrum.
Inflaton oscillations and post-inflationary reheating
Authors: Garcia Marcos A.G. , Kaneta Kunio , Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We analyze in detail the perturbative decay of the inflaton
oscillating about a generic form of its potential V(ϕ) =
ϕ
k
, taking into account the effects of non-instantaneous
reheating. We show that evolution of the temperature as a function
of the cosmological scale factor depends on the spin statistics of
the final state decay products when k > 2. We also include the
inflaton-induced mass of the final states leading to either
kinematic suppression or enhancement if the final states are
fermionic or bosonic respectively. We compute the maximum
temperature reached after inflation, the subsequent evolution of the
temperature and the final reheat temperature. We apply our results
to the computation of the dark matter abundance through thermal
scattering during reheating. We also provide an example based on
supersymmetry for the coupling of the inflaton to matter.
Integrability, multi-soliton and rational solutions, and dynamical analysis for a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameter
Authors: Qin Meng-Li , Wen Xiao-Yong , Yuan Cui-Lian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Under investigation in this paper is a relativistic Toda lattice system with one perturbation parameter α abbreviated as RTL_(α) system by Suris, which may describe the motions of particles in lattices interacting through an exponential interaction force. First of all, an integrable lattice hierarchy associated with an RTL_(α) system is constructed, from which some relevant integrable properties such as Hamiltonian structures, Liouville integrability and conservation laws are investigated. Secondly, the discrete generalized (m, 2N − m)-fold Darboux transformation is constructed to derive multi-soliton solutions, higher-order rational and semi-rational solutions, and their mixed solutions of an RTL_(α) system. The soliton elastic interactions and details of rational solutions are analyzed via the graphics and asymptotic analysis. Finally, soliton dynamical evolutions are investigated via numerical simulations, showing that a small noise has very little effect on the soliton propagation. These results may provide new insight into nonlinear lattice dynamics described by RTL_(α) system.