bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia-fed reversible protonic ceramic fuel cells with Ru-based catalyst
Authors: Zhu Liangzhu , Cadigan Chris , Duan Chuancheng , Huang Jake , Bian Liuzhen , Le Long , Hernandez Carolina H. , Avance Victoria , O’Hayre Ryan , Sullivan Neal P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe intermediate operating temperatures (~400–600 °C) of reversible protonic ceramic fuel cells (RePCFC) permit the potential use of ammonia as a carbon-neutral high energy density fuel and energy storage medium. Here we show fabrication of anode-supported RePCFC with an ultra-dense (~100%) and thin (4 μm) protonic ceramic electrolyte layer. When coupled to a novel Ru-(BaO)2(CaO)(Al2O3) (Ru-B2CA) reversible ammonia catalyst, maximum fuel-cell power generation reaches 877 mW cm−2 at 650 °C under ammonia fuel. We report relatively stable operation at 600 °C for up to 1250 h under ammonia fuel. In fuel production mode, ammonia rates exceed 1.2 × 10−8 NH3 mol cm−2 s−1at ambient pressure with H2 from electrolysis only, and 2.1 × 10−6 mol NH3 cm−2 s−1 at 12.5 bar with H2 from both electrolysis and simulated recycling gas.
Inside or out? Clonal thiotrophic symbiont populations occupy deep-sea mussel bacteriocytes with pathways connecting to the external environment
Authors: Ikuta Tetsuro , Amari Yuka , Tame Akihiro , Takaki Yoshihiro , Tsuda Miwako , Iizuka Ryo , Funatsu Takashi , Yoshida Takao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels are generally thought to harbour chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria in gill epithelial cells called bacteriocytes. However, previously observed openings at the apical surface of bacteriocytes have not been conclusively explained and investigated as to whether the Bathymodiolus symbiosis is intracellular or extracellular. In this study, we show that almost all the membranous chambers encompassing symbionts in a single bacteriocyte of Bathymodiolus septemdierum are interconnected and have pathways connecting to the external environment. Furthermore, the symbiont population colonising a single bacteriocyte is mostly clonal. This study hypothesises on a novel model of cellular localization at the interface between extra- and intracellular symbiosis, and the cellular-level process of symbiont acquisition in Bathymodiolus mussels.
LncRNA SRA mediates cell migration, invasion, and progression of ovarian cancer via NOTCH signaling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Kim Lee Kyung , Park Sun-Ae , Yang Yoolhee , Kim Young Tae , Heo Tae-Hwe , Kim Hee Jung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a newly identified regulator of tumor formation and tumor progression. The function and expression of lncRNAs remain to be fully elucidated, but recent studies have begun to address their importance in human health and disease. The lncRNA, SRA, known as steroid receptor activator, acts as an important modulator of gynecological cancer, and its expression may affect biological functions including proliferation, apoptosis, steroid formation, and muscle development. However, it is still not well known whether SRA is involved in the regulation of ovarian cancer. The present study investigated the molecular function and association between SRA expression and clinicopathological factors. In ovarian cancer cell lines, SRA knockdown and overexpression regulated cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments using knockdown and overexpression showed that SRA potently regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and NOTCH pathway components.
Further, clinical data confirmed that SRA was a significant predictor of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival and patients with ovarian cancer exhibiting high expression of SRA exhibited higher recurrence rates than patients with low SRA expression. In conclusion, the present study indicates that SRA has clinical significance as its expression can predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. High expression of the lncRNA SRA is strongly correlated with recurrence-free survival of ovarian cancer patients.
Identification of a glycolysis-related lncRNA prognostic signature for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhong Manli , Liu Xiaowu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the independent prognostic value of glycolysis-related long noncoding (lnc)RNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Methods: A coexpression analysis of glycolysis-related mRNAs–long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was carried out. Clinical samples were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to establish a glycolysis risk model with prognostic value for ccRCC, which was validated in the training and validation sets and in the whole cohort by Kaplan–Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) and functional annotation by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to evaluate the risk model.
Results: We identified 297 glycolysis-associated lncRNAs in ccRCC; of these, 7 were found to have prognostic value in ccRCC patients by Kaplan–Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and ROC curve analyses. The results of the GSEA suggested a close association between the 7-lncRNA signature and glycolysis-related biological processes and pathways.
Conclusion: The seven identified glycolysis-related lncRNAs constitute an lncRNA signature with prognostic value for ccRCC and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ccRCC patients.
Eicosanoid receptors as therapeutic targets for asthma
Authors: Powell William S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEicosanoids comprise a group of oxidation products of arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids formed by oxygenases and downstream enzymes. The two major pathways for eicosanoid formation are initiated by the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), leading to leukotrienes (LTs) and 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), and cyclooxygenase (COX), leading to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX). A third group (specialized pro-resolving mediators; SPMs), including lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvins (Rvs), are formed by the combined actions of different oxygenases. The actions of the above eicosanoids are mediated by approximately 20 G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in a variety of both detrimental and beneficial effects on airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells that are strongly implicated in asthma pathophysiology. Drugs targeting proinflammatory eicosanoid receptors, including CysLT1, the receptor for LTD4 (montelukast) and TP, the receptor for TXA2 (seratrodast) are currently in use, whereas antagonists of a number of other receptors, including DP2 (PGD2), BLT1 (LTB4), and OXE (5-oxo-ETE) are under investigation. Agonists targeting anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving eicosanoid receptors such as EP2/4 (PGE2), IP (PGI2), ALX/FPR2 (LXA4), and Chemerin1 (RvE1/2) are also being examined. This review summarizes the contributions of eicosanoid receptors to the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential therapeutic benefits of drugs that target these receptors. Because of the multifactorial nature of asthma and the diverse pathways affected by eicosanoid receptors, it will be important to identify subgroups of asthmatics that are likely to respond to any given therapy.
Vocabulary Acquisition as a By-Product of Meaning-Oriented Auditory Training for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Barcroft Joe , Grantham Heather , Mauzé Elizabeth , Spehar Brent , Sommers Mitchell S. , Spehar Colleen , Tye-Murray Nancy 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
A meaning-oriented auditory training program for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (d/hh) was assessed with regard to its efficacy in promoting novel word learning.

Method
While administering the auditory training program, one of the authors (Elizabeth Mauzé) observed that children were learning words they previously did not know. Therefore, we systematically assessed vocabulary gains among 16 children. Most completed pretest, posttest, and retention versions of a picture-naming task in which they attempted to verbally identify 199 color pictures of words that would appear during training. Posttest and retention versions included both pictures used and not used during training in order to test generalization of associations between words and their referents. Importantly, each training session involved meaning-oriented, albeit simple, activities/games on a computer.

Results

At posttest, the percentage of word gain was 27.3% (
SD
= 12.5; confidence interval [CI] of the mean: 24.2–30.4) using trained pictures as cues and 25.9% (CI of the mean: 22.9–29.0) using untrained pictures as cues. An analysis of retention scores (for 13 of the participants who completed it weeks later) indicated strikingly high levels of retention for the words that had been learned.

Conclusions
These findings favor auditory training that is meaning oriented when it comes to the acquisition of different linguistic subsystems, lexis in this case. We also expand the discussion to include other evidence-based recommendations regarding how vocabulary is presented (input-based effects) and what learners are asked to do (task-based effects) as part of an overall effort to help children who are d/hh increase their vocabulary knowledge.
Real time path planning via alternating minimisation through image information
Authors: Chen Zheng , Zhang Minjie , Zhu Jiang , Zhu Shiqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReal time path planning from image information is of vital importance in the fields of robots as it has various applications in real time navigation, autonomous driving, robot arm manipulation and human robot cooperation and so on. To achieve this task, a two stage approach is proposed. At the first stage, a novel change point detection approach is proposed to process the image to extract the shape of the obstacles. At the second stage, several novel approximations are adopted to make the path planning problem tractable. Firstly, the irregular shapes of the obstacles in the environment are approximated as lines and circles, which simplify the distance constraint significantly. Secondly, the non‐convex path planning problem is iteratively decomposed as a sequence of subproblems and alternating minimisation method is proposed to efficiently solve the subproblem. To improve the quality of the solution, good initial points obtained by A* algorithm is provided. Both numerical experiments and real experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Development of a DSO support tool for congestion forecast
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Steen David , Tuan Le Anh , Carlson Ola , Bouloumpasis Ioannis , Tran Quoc‐Tuan , Lemius Lucile 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel DSO support tool with visualisation capability for forecasting network congestion in distribution systems with a high level of renewables. To incorporate the uncertainties in the distribution systems, the probabilistic power flow framework has been utilised. An advanced photovoltaic production forecast based on sky images and a load forecast using an artificial neural network is used as the input to the tool. In addition, advanced load models and operating modes of photovoltaic inverters have been incorporated into the tool. The tool has been applied in case studies to perform congestion forecasts for two real distribution systems to validate its usability and scalability. The results from case studies demonstrated that the tool performs satisfactorily for both small and large networks and is able to visualise the cumulative probabilities of nodes voltage deviation and network components (branches and transformers) congestion for a variety of forecast horizons as desired by the DSO. The results have also shown that explicit inclusion of load‐voltage dependency models would improve the accuracy of the congestion forecast. For demonstrating the applicability of the tool, it has been integrated into an existing distribution management system via the IoT platform of a DMS vendor, Atos Worldgrid.
Ion-driven organic chemistry for Titan-like atmospheres: Implications for N-dominated super-Earth exoplanets
Authors: Bourgalais J. , Carrasco N. , Miguel Y. , Venot O. , Pernot P. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Characterizing temperate (200–1000 K) super-Earth atmospheres is one of the future challenges in exoplanetary science. One of the major difficulties comes from the ubiquity of aerosols in these objects, which complicates the spectroscopic analyses. The knowledge gained on the Solar System is then crucial to better understand the chemical processes of exoplanet atmospheres.
Aims. This work focuses on the impact of ion chemistry on molecular diversity in a specific Titan-like exoplanet atmosphere that would be dominated by molecular nitrogen. On the largest satellite of Saturn, Titan, ion chemistry is a major component of molecular growth that forms precursors for the observed photochemical organic hazes.
Methods. Based on an experimental approach, we irradiated a gaseous mixture representative of a Titan-like atmosphere (N2-dominated with CH4) using an extreme-uv photon source (16.8 eV). Trace amounts of water vapor were added to the composition of the Titan-type gas mixture to simulate an exoplanet in the habitable zone.
Results. A wide variety of molecules and ions have been detected and they cannot all be identified based on our current knowledge of the organic chemistry of planetary atmospheres (mostly N- and C-based chemistry). The presence of even trace amounts of H2O significantly broadens the product distribution, and H3O+ is found to be the most abundant ion.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates the complexity of the chemistry within exoplanet atmospheres. Numerical models must consider oxygen chemistry and ion-molecule reactions in order to probe the habitability of a certain type of super-Earths. The abundance of H3O+ makes it a good candidate for future observations.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Electron-Deficient 3-Vinylchromones
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe reported methods and data for the synthesis and reactivity of electron-deficient 3-vinylchromones containing electron-withdrawing­ groups at the exo-cyclic double bond are summarized and systematized for the first time. The main methods for obtaining these compounds are Knoevenagel condensation, Wittig reaction, and palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings. The most important chemical properties are transformations under the action of mono- and dinucleophiles, ambiphilic cyclizations, and cycloaddition reactions. The cross-conjugated and polyelectrophilic dienone system in 3-vinylchromones provides their high reactivity and makes these compounds valuable building blocks for the preparation of more complex heterocyclic systems. Chemical transformations of 3-vinylchromones usually begin with an attack of the C-2 atom and are accompanied by the opening of the pyrone ring followed by recyclization, in which the carbonyl group of chromone, an exo-double bond or a substituent on it can take part. The mechanisms of the reactions are discussed, the conditions for their implementation are described, and the yields of the resulting products are given. This review focuses on an analysis and generalization of the knowledge that has accumulated on the chemistry of electron-deficient 3-vinylchromones, mostly over the past 15 years.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of 3-Vinylchromones3	Reactions with Mononucleophiles4	Reactions with Dinucleophiles5	Ambiphilic Cyclization6	Cycloaddition Reactions7	Other Reactions8	Conclusion
Refining the Rib-sparing Approach in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: Keys to Success
Authors: Hamilton Kristy , Zavlin Dmitry , Doval Andres F. , Spiegel Aldona J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Free tissue transfer using microsurgical techniques is a popular option for breast reconstruction, and the internal mammary vessels remain the most popular recipient vessels for the anastomosis. Traditionally, ribs were resected for better access to these vessels in the intercostal space. However, rib resection has the potential for complications and adds a surgical step. Here, the authors evaluate and compare both techniques in a retrospective study as well as offer technical pearls.
Methods The 400 most recent consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. 54 patients underwent the traditional rib-resecting approach. 346 patients underwent the rib-sparing approach, which was the preferred approach of the senior author, when possible. Patients requiring the rib-resecting approach were distributed evenly throughout the series. Primary outcomes were any immediate post-operative complications.
Results Between the two clinical groups, there was no difference between demographic or clinical details, the flap type, history of previous radiation, or timing of reconstruction. Complications of any kind as well as the subset of complications were significantly more frequent in the rib resection than in the rib-sparing group. Specifically, the rate of reanastomosis was higher in the rib resection group [10.6 vs 2.7%, p < 0.001] as was the frequency of return to the OR in the immediate post-operative setting [3.0 vs 0.3%, p < 0.001]. There is a 4.50 odds ratio of having a complication in a rib resection case versus rib sparing [CI: 1.97–10.30, p < 0.001]. All cases were initiated with the intent to perform a rib-sparing approach if possible, and they were converted to a rib-resection approach as needed.
Conclusion In the largest reported series to date, the rib-sparing approach is demonstrated to be both safe and efficacious in microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Evaluation of the Suprafascial Thin ALT Flap in Foot and Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Thiele J.R. , Weiß J. , Braig D. , Zeller J. , Stark G.B. , Eisenhardt S.U. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Distal lower extremity reconstruction can be challenging in terms of flap design. Bulky flaps result in limited mobility accompanied with the need of customized footwear. Raising the ALT-flap in a superficial fascial plane (thin ALT-flap) can be beneficial. This study evaluates thin ALT-flaps for lower distal extremity reconstruction.
Methods In a retrospective study, patients that underwent microvascular extremity reconstruction at the level of the ankle and dorsal foot at the University of Freiburg from 2008–2018 were reviewed.
Results 95 patients could be included in the study (35 perforator flaps, 8 fascia flaps and 54 muscle flaps).Among the perforator flaps, 21 ALT-flaps were elevated conventionally and 14 in the superficial fascial plane (thin ALT-flap). Among the conventional ALT-flaps, there was one flap loss (5%) and one successful revision (5%). 5(24%) flaps received secondary thinning. 57%(n = 12) were able to wear conventional footwear. There were 2(15%) successful revisions of thin ALT-flaps. 100% of thin ALT-flaps survived and 85%(n = 11) of the patients wore ordinary footwear after defect coverage.Among fascial flaps, 50%(n = 4) had to be revised with 2(25%) complete and 1 (13%) partial flap loss. All patients achieved mobility in ordinary shoes (n = 8).In muscle flaps, there were 7(13%) revisions and 5(9%) flap losses. 5(9%) flaps received secondary thinning. Only 33%(n = 18) were mobile in ordinary footwear.
Conclusion The thin ALT-flap is a save one-stage evolution for lower distal extremity reconstruction with a favorable flap survival rate. Compared with conventional ALT-flaps it might be beneficial in reducing the need for expensive custom fitted shoes and secondary thinning procedures.
Chest Physiotherapy for Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shkurka Emma , Wray Jo , Peters Mark , Shannon Harriet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to appraise and summarize the effects of chest physiotherapy in mechanically ventilated children. A systematic review was completed by searching Medline, Embase, Cinahl Plus, PEDro, and Web of Science from inception to February 9, 2021. Studies investigating chest physiotherapy for mechanically ventilated children (0–18 years), in a pediatric intensive care unit were included. Chest physiotherapy was defined as any intervention performed by a qualified physiotherapist. Measurements of effectiveness and safety were included. Exclusion criteria included preterm infants, children requiring noninvasive ventilation, and those in a nonacute setting. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials, three randomized crossover trials, and eight observational studies. The Cochrane risk of bias and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools were used for quality assessment. Oxygen saturations decreased after physiotherapy involving manual hyperinflations (MHI) and chest wall vibrations (CWV). Although statistically significant, these results were not of clinical importance. In contrast, oxygen saturations improved after the expiratory flow increase technique; however, this was not clinically significant. An increase in expiratory tidal volume was demonstrated 30 minutes after MHI and CWV. There was no sustained change in tidal volume following a physiotherapy-led recruitment maneuver. Respiratory compliance and dead-space increased immediately after MHI and CWV. Atelectasis scores improved following intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, and MHI and CWV. Evidence to support chest physiotherapy in ventilated children remains inconclusive. There are few high-quality studies, with heterogeneity in interventions and populations. Future studies are required to investigate multiple physiotherapy interventions and the impact on long-term outcomes.
A Unique Case of Small Bowel Internal Hernia and Volvulus Caused by a Hamartoma
Authors: Khaled Charif , Akl Michel , Moussallem Toufic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study depicts the case of a young female presenting with intestinal obstruction. Surgery uncovered a small bowel hamartoma that has caused a transmesenteric internal hernia and volvulus. As far as we know, this is unheard of before, as all three mentioned entities are very rare. The study also covers a literature review of cases of internal hernia with volvulus and stresses over the need for urgent diagnosis and management.
Procedural policy tools in theory and practice
Authors: Bali Azad Singh , Howlett Michael , Lewis Jenny M , Ramesh M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPolicy tools are a critical part of policy-making, providing the ‘means’ by which policy ‘ends’ are achieved. Knowledge of their different origin, nature and capabilities is vital for understanding policy formulation and decision-making, and they have been the subject of inquiry in many policy-related disciplines and sector-specific studies. Yet many crucial aspects of policy tools remain unexplored. Existing studies on policy tools used in policy formulation tend to focus on ‘substantive’ tools – those used to directly affect policy outcomes such as regulation or subsidies – and largely neglect ‘procedural’ tools used to indirectly but significantly affect policy processes and outcomes. A key aim of this special issue is to fill this knowledge gap in the field. This article introduces the issue by establishing that procedural tools play a more determining role in public policy-making than is generally acknowledged and deserve a more systematic inquiry into their workings, their impact on the policy process and the organization and delivery of public and private goods and services.