bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical and Clinical Outcome of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Over Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Case of Fracture Neck of Femur in Elderly- Done in CBMCH,B and Private Clinics
Authors: Chowdhury Mamunur Rashid , Uddin Md Nasir , Haque Md Anwarul , Islam Md Saiful , Hasan Md Sabbir , Mumu Sabrina Alam 
Published: June 2021

Back ground: Whether bipolar hemiarthroplasty[BH] for displaced femoral neck fractures has benefit over unipolar hemiarthroplasty[UH] remains controversial. Intracapsular fracture neck femur mainly occur in elderly person. The prime goal of treatment is to return the patient to their pre-fracture functional status. The surgical treatment is the treatment of choice, hip replacement arthroplasty (hemi or total) is a viable choice in treatment option. In this clinical study 96 elderly patients (age 55-78 years) with a displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture were treatment over a six year period (December 2009 to December 2015). All of them underwent hemiarthroplasty either bipolar or unipolar, after appropriate medical and anesthetic fitness. The patients were reevaluated at two weeks, six weeks, at six months postoperative and assessed using mainly Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analogue scale (vas) for evaluation of clinical and surgical outcome Also x-ray done to seen erosion of acetabulam. The mean age of patients was 64.5 years and male female ratio 45.83% -54.17%. The mean HHS score was 83.5 for BH and 82.5 for UH at the end of the 6 months. The mean score on VAS scale was 4mm (mu) at 6 months for both BH and UH follow up visit. At the one year 03 cases of unipolar complications mild hip pain. No patients need revision surgery. Bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice in elderly patient with displaced femoral neck fracture provides early ambulation, good functional outcome, pain free joint with minimal complications without the need for revision surgery. There is no significant differences between Bipolar and Unipolar arthroplasty surgically and clinically.
CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 27-32
Deep Vein Thrombosis Secondary To Graves' Disease-A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Beg Ayesha , Ahmed Md Sultan , Chowdhury Sayed , Haque Mirza Manjurul 
Published: June 2021

Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein, most commonly the legs. The incidence of a first venous thrombosis is 1-3 per 1000 persons per year, around two-thirds manifest as DVT of the leg, and one-third as pulmonary embolism (PE). Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid which frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, often results in an enlarged thyroid. The disorder results from an antibody, called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which cause the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone. Graves' disease will develop in about 0.5% of males and 3% of females, approximately 7.5 times more often in women than men. Various changes in the coagulation- fibrinolytic system have been described in patients with an excess thyroid hormones particularly procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects. Review analysis confirmed that clinically overt hyperthyroidism modify the coagulation-fibrinolytic balance, indicating that thyroid hormone excess is the probable main pathophysiological mechanism. Patients with overt hyperthyroidism appear to have an increased risk of thrombosis. Here we present a case of right sided leg swelling due to deep vein thrombosis with Grave's disease A 30 year old lady admitted in tertiary care hospital with right sided leg swelling for 25 days and protrusion of both eyes for 3 months. Swelling was sudden in onset, painful, red in colour, which involved almost whole right lower limb and it was associated with venous engorgement. Physical examination revealed patient was ill looking, mildly anaemic, tachycardic, normotensive, severe pitting edema on right leg but left was normal. Thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged. She had bilateral exopthalmos with presence of lid retraction and lid lag. Examination of Lower limbs revealed swollen whole right lower limb with engorged veins in the upper part of thigh with raised local temperature, calf muscle tenderness and positive Homan's sign on right side. The purpose of this case report is to establish that Graves' disease is the cause of DVT in this patient.
CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 33-41
Antenatally Diagnosed Posterior Urethral Valve: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Mahzabeen , Rahman Masudur , Dey Sankar Narayan , Sharma Netay Kumer , Farzana Mir Naz 
Published: June 2021

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) are the most common congenital obstructive lesion of the urethra and a common cause of obstructive uropathy in infancy. Clinical presentation depends on the severity of the obstruction. In case of severe obstruction, the diagnosis is usually made antenatally. Here, we present a case of antenatally diagnosed PUV of a fetus of a lady in her 9th month of pregnancy with mild lower abdominal pain for several hours. On ultrasound (US) examination, we found 36.5±2 weeks of pregnancy with mild to moderate oligohydramnios. Fetal urinary bladder was over distended; both the kidneys were grossly hydronephrotic and PUV like echo lucent area was seen at the prostatic region (Key hole sign). Emergency caesarian section (CS) was done and US of the baby showed typical US finding of PUV. The prognosis of antenatal diagnosis of PUV in early pregnancy is poor. But in this case due to the late onset of symptoms and as immediate necessary steps were taken, the baby was totally cured. This case was reported to aware about importance of antenatal anomaly scan and to share our experience.
CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 42-45
An Overview of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Haque Nazia , Bari Md Shafikul , Hossain Md Akram , Haque Shakila , Yasmin Taslima , Kabir Md Rashedul , Ahmed Rajib , Rahman SM Masudur 
Published: June 2021

Ebola virus is an aggressive pathogen that causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is characterized by the sudden onset of fever and malaise accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms such as myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Among EVD patients, 30%-50% experience hemorrhagic symptoms. In severe and fatal forms, multi organ dysfunction including hepatic damage, renal failure, and central nervous system involvement occur, leading to shock and death. The wildlife reservoir has not been definitively ascertained; however evidence supports fruit bats as one reservoir. The virus initially spreads to the human population after contact with infected wildlife and is then spread person-to-person through direct contact with body fluids. The incubation period is 2-21 days. Prevention includes decreasing the spread of disease from infected animals humans. Properly cooking meat and wearing protective clothing when handling meat may also be helpful. Samples of bodily fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. There is currently no antiviral therapy or vaccine that is effective against Ebola virus infection in humans. Efforts to help those who are infected are supportive and include giving either oral rehydration therapy or intravenous fluids. The disease has a high risk of death, mortality between 50% and 90% of those infected with the virus.
CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 50-54
Evaluation of Current Status of Newly Established Model Pharmacies in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Shadhan Kumar , Chowdhury Sabiha , Ganguly Amlan , Faroque ABM 
Published: June 2021

Pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh has developed profoundly after promulgation of the Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982. However, the health sector has not been equally developed because of lack of wellequipped drug management system and much needed patient counseling. The presence of adulterated, counterfeit and substandard drugs and the sale of drugs at high prices than the maximum retail price have also been the major problems here. The recent introduction of model pharmacies is supposed to be a hope for the people to get safe medicines at a reasonable cost. The aim of the present study was to find out the current scenario of model pharmacies in Bangladesh and to propose modern and alternative systems that could be applied in model pharmacies for better healthcare management and patient compliance. Thus, the current status of model pharmacies of Bangladesh has been evaluated using a survey-based analysis which utilized a pre-set questionnaire. The survey was conducted on 90 model pharmacies in seven districts of Bangladesh (Level 1 categorized by the Directorate General of Drug Administration, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). The results revealed that the infrastructure of the model pharmacies should be improved further. Only 33% of the model pharmacies have sitting facilities and 51% of them have washroom facilities for the waiting patients. It was found that despite all the model pharmacies (100%) should have at least 1 A-grade pharmacist in each of them, i.e. a pharmacy graduate registered with the Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh under the Pharmacy Ordinance 1976, but pharmacists were found to be present in only 26% of pharmacies during the visit. Amongst the pharmacists, 98% showed satisfaction with the decision of compulsory engagement of A-grade pharmacists in all the model pharmacies. Defying the obligatory provisions, only 38% model of pharmacies keep the required records of sold drugs. It was pleasing to observe that no physician’s sample of medicines was sold in any model pharmacies. The medicines storage facilities in controlled temperature was found in all the model pharmacies. But the A-grade pharmacists were not available in the pharmacies during holidays. It is opined that modern and ICT based techniques can be applied to modify the model pharmacies for better patient care and patient management.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 1-10, 2021 (June)
Formulation of Non-effervescent Floating Dosage Form of Metronidazole using Sintering and Sublimation Technique
Authors: Ovenseri Airemwen Collins , Michael Uhumwangho Uwumagbe 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to formulate a novel non-effervescent floating dosage form of metronidazole using the sublimation and sintering technique. Granules were formulated using the wet granulation technique. Ammonium bicarbonate (30% w/w) was incorporated as the sublimating agent. The granules were characterized for micromeritic properties. Thereafter, the granules were compressed using a single punch tableting machine and the physicotechnical properties were evaluated. The metronidazole tablet was then sintered at 70oC for 12 h. All granules were free flowing and compressible. The metronidazole tablets had no floating lag time showing that tablets floated instantaneously. FTIR and DSC studies showed that metronidazole and the excipients used in the formulation were compatible. Azadirachta indica gum was used in the formulation of non-effervescent floating dosage form of metronidazole using sublimation and sintering technique which is beneficial in sustained release formulations.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 11-17, 2021 (June)
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Aspirin by Using QbD Approach
Authors: Thombre Nilima A , Ahire Pradeep S , Kshirsagar Sanjay J 
Published: June 2021

In the current investigations, mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) were developed by applying quality by design (QbD) approach. Direct compression method was applied for the preparation of MDT containing aspirin using 32 factorial design with quantity of drug, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and crosscarmellose sodium (CCS) as dependant variables. MCC and CCS were used as superdisintegrants. Sodium stearyl fumarate was used as lubricant. Developed MDT were evaluated for characteristics like hardness, friability, disintegration time (DT) and in vitro drug release . Design Expert 11.0 described adequately impact of selected variables (MCC and CCS) at various levels for response under study (DT and friability). The optimized batch showed disintegration time of 15-28 secs, friability within 1% and in vitro drug release of 75-98% after 30 mins, respectively. The present study of experimental design revealed that MCC and CCS are fruitful at low concentration to develop the optimized formulation. As per the results obtained from the experiments, it can be concluded that QbD is an effective and efficient approach for the development of quality into MDT with the application of QTPP, risk assessment and critical quality attributes (CQA).
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 19-29, 2021 (June)
Characterization of Chitosan Obtained from Snail Shell (Achatina fulica) and its Excipient Potentials in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation
Authors: Bamiro Oluyemisi Adebowale , Salisu Aishat Oyinkansola , Iyere Ese Mary , Atoyegbe Olatundun , Adeleye Olutayo Ademola , Bakre Lateef Gbenga 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work was to characterize chitosan extracted from snail shell and evaluate its use as a disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan (SC). The mechanical properties were assessed using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The extracted chitosan (EC) was crystalline in nature and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polygonal particles with rough surface. The moisture and swelling capacity was 1.80% and 15.00%, respectively. The densities and flow properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the SC. As a binder, the crushing strength of formulations containing EC was higher than SC, but both formulation failed friability test. There was significant difference between the disintegration times of the metronidazole formulations containing EC and SC as a disintegrant. The result showed that EC is more effective as a binder in tablet formulations.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 31-39, 2021 (June)
A Study on the National Drug Policies of Bangladesh to Ensure Health for All
Authors: Rahman Md Aknur , Hossain Md Riaz , Hossain Md Aslam , Amran Md Shah 
Published: June 2021

Bangladesh approved the proposal for a National Drug Policy on May 29, 1982. We know that such drug policies are developed gradually over a period of time and may contain a lot of comprehensive documents. But in Bangladesh, the expert committee worked out the policy, based on 16 standards within 15 days. This vital document, almost unchanged, was made a law on 12 June 1982. A few years later, it can be observed that despite opposition from many concerns, the output of essential drugs has increased from about 30 to about 80 percent, prices have in almost all cases gone down considerably, the domestic industry has grown rapidly, the quality of its production has increased dramatically, and people’s awareness about quality medicines has been steadily growing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need of a formulated drug policy in every country of the world in 1986. Bangladesh responded very early to this respect. Subsequently, two more national drug policies were promulgated in 2005 and 2016 respectively. Experience over the decades has shown that the said policies could not fulfill the declared objective of ensuring health for all. Our aim is to describe some of the lacunae for which total implementation of drug policy is still struggling. To find the root causes, a total of five hundred volunteers were surveyed by supplying a questionnaire on drug policy. It was observed that most of the participants opined that the incumbent government needs to be more stringent to implement the drug policy into reality by utilizing the public servants and public sectors, especially health personnel to ensure health for all.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 41-48, 2021 (June)
Physicochemical Characteristics and HPLC Determination of Alpha-Tocopherol in Eighteen Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Olufunmilayo Ebunoluwa , Popoola Elizabeth Ayodele , Bamiro Oluyemisi Adebowale , Daodu John Olabanji , Olaitan Olatunde James 
Published: June 2021

Eighteen brands of vegetable oils available in the local market were extracted with n-hexane before analysis for alpha-tocopherol by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic separation occurred isocratically with methanol-water [96:4%v/v] at 0.9 ml/min flow rate. Tocopheryl acetate was the internal standard and alpha-tocopherol was eluted at 7.87 min. Free fatty acids value [FFAVs], peroxide value [PV], iodine value [IV] and saponification values [SV] were determined as quality parameters. Calibration curve was linear [r2 0.9969] and the method was precise with relative standard deviation of 0.35% and mean recovery, 87.39%. Alpha-tocopherol concentration ranged from 0-9.22 mg/100g with the highest in Tropical sunflower oil [9.22 mg/100g] and the lowest [1.16 mg/100g] in Laziz oil. Alpha-tocopherol was not detected in unbranded, local palm oil. The calculated percentage daily value [% DV] of vitamin E ranged from 0- 8.60%. Significant difference [p<0.05] between % DV and recommended dietary allowance [RDA] of vitamin E was observed. FFAs and PV ranged from 0.11-0.74% and 0.99-11.55 meq/kg while IV and SV ranged from 26.71-37.03 g/100g and 4.14-43.68 mg KOH/g, respectively. Seventeen samples [94%] were found to be within the acceptable limits while one [6%], failed for both quality parameters and α-tocopherol test. Strict regulatory control is advocated for these oils to safeguard the public health.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 49-57, 2021 (June)
Evaluation of Body Weight, Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Function in Healthy Mice Fed With Zinc Sulphate Supplementation
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur , Amin Mohammad Tohidul , Arefin Sayema , Bhowmik Dipty Rani , Ripon Md Abdur Rahman , Hossain Mohammad Salim 
Published: June 2021

The present research study was designed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on body weight, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and hepatic function in mice. Mice were treated with zinc sulphate at an equivalent weight of 6.5 mg/kg-body weight elemental zinc for four weeks. Bodyweight, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, serum MDA, nitric oxide, vitamin C, and hepatic enzymes level were determined at the end of the study period. Data from this study showed that supplementation with zinc in mice maintained a balanced blood glucose homeostasis throughout the experimental period. Moreover, treatment with zinc showed a significant (p <0.05) decrease in serum triglyceride and cholesterol level along with a decrease in the body weight compared to control. Treatment with zinc significantly attenuated the rate of lipid peroxidation whereas increased the level of vitamin C and NO level. The protective effect of zinc on liver activity was observed. Treatment with zinc showed a strong negative association with serum total cholesterol (r= -0.934, p = 0.02), triglycerides level (r= -0.709, p = 0.05), and body weight (r= -0.899, p = 0.01). The present findings demonstrate that zinc supplementation can be helpful to maintain a glucose homeostasis, ameliorate hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver dysfunction. Therefore, zinc supplementation can be suggested to alleviate diseases associated with metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 59-66, 2021 (June)
Physicochemical Characterization of Artemether-Entrapped Solid Lipid Microparticles Prepared from Templated- Compritol and Capra hircus (Goat Fat) Homolipid
Authors: Nnamani Petra Obioma , Kenechukwu Franklin Chimaobi , Nwagwu Chinekwu Sheridan , Okoye Onyinye , Attama Anthony Amaechi 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physicochemical properties of artemetherloaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) prepared from templated-compritol 888®ATO and Capra hircus (goat fat) homolipid. Various ratios of compritol 888®ATO, goat fat and Phospholipon® 90G were used to prepare the templated lipid matrices and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Plain and artemether-loaded SLM (0, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0% drug) were prepared by melt-homogenization. The SLM were characterized regarding the compatibility by DSC, morphology and particle size by polarized light microscopy (PLM), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), in vitro release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) and alcoholic buffer (pH 3.6), and time-resolved pH-dependent stability. Stable, smooth and mostly spherical SLM with particle sizes in the range 18.77-43.79 μm and EE% ranging from 62.22% to 99.05% were obtained. DSC results showed the compatibility of drug and the formulation excipients as well as the stability of artemether in the developed SLM. Results showed significantly (p<0.05) higher drug release (88.25%) in alcoholic buffer than in SIF and SGF. By implication, incorporation of alcohol in the formulation would be a practical approach to improve artemether bioavailability from the SLM. This study has shown that the physicochemical properties of artemether were improved by SLM based on templated-compritol 888®ATO and goat fat.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 67-80, 2021 (June)
Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Activity and Proximate Composition of Alkaloids from Vitex doniana Seed
Authors: Udeani Theophilus K , Ugwu Linus O , Nnadi Charles O , Okwuosa Chukwugozie N 
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the in vitro anti-microbial activity of crude alkaloids from the seeds of Vitex doniana against some selected bacteria and fungal strains. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity using ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole as controls. Phytochemical and proximate analyses were carried out by standard methods. The crude extract showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and resins in abundance. Proximate analysis indicated fat/oil (11±0.73 %), protein (0.26±0.02 %), moisture (0.21±0.01 %), ash (5.0±0.22 %) and carbohydrate (6.42±0.28 %). The antimicrobial study indicated that the crude extract was more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 3.84 mg/ml) and Salmonella typhi (MIC 3.84 mg/ml) and other Gram-positive bacteria. The crude alkaloids generally showed lower activity in case of Gram-negative (MIC Salmonella typhi 4.20 mg/ml) than in Gram-positive bacteria (MIC Staphylococcus aureus 2.52 mg/ml). Surprisingly, the crude alkaloids from the seeds, in addition to improved activity against all the bacteria strains, showed significant activity against Candida albicans (MIC 1.18 mg/mL. V. doniana seed extract was found to be potent against some clinical strains of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria but not fungi; however, its alkaloids has promising antifungal activity.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 81-86, 2021 (June)