bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mealworm larva composition and selected process parameters on the physicochemical properties of extruded meat analog
Authors: Cho Sun Young , Ryu Gi Hyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor), the most promising edible insect species with low cost and less environmental pollution, can fulfill the flavor and nutrition which are deficient in soy‐based meat analog. Consumers who might have the sensitivity and reluctance to the intact form of edible insect could be offered the high‐quality extruded meat analog. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different mealworm larva contents and extrusion process parameters using twin‐screw extruder on the physicochemical properties of the extruded meat analog. Mealworm larva was added to the base formulation at the rate of 0, 15, and 30%. Extrusion process parameters were varied as die temperature (140°C and 150°C) and moisture content (40% and 50%). The integrity index, texture profile analysis, and oxidation activity (TBARS) of extruded meat analog decreased with increase in mealworm larva content. However, water holding capacity, nitrogen solubility index, protein digestibility, and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased (p < .05) as the mealworm content increased. Lower die temperature and higher moisture content enhanced the textural properties, but reduced nitrogen solubility index and protein digestibility. At higher die temperature, DPPH activity increased but TBARS showed the opposite result. After extrusion cooking, the total amino acid levels of extruded meat analog were 585.21 g/kg in 30% mealworm larva content that level was lower than 591.43 g/kg in raw mixture while the sulfur‐containing amino acids and glutamic acid were higher than that of raw mixture. In conclusion, addition of mealworm larva could improve the nutritional value, antioxidant functionality, and taste of extruded meat analog under controlled extrusion process conditions.
Determinants of choice of health insurance: Empirical evidence from responses of Indian households
Authors: Yadav Milind Kumar , Mohanty Pratap C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHealth insurance has been accepted as one of the channels that can serve the purpose of universalisation of health care and especially useful in the period of health crisis. This is the emerging and challenging sector in India. The present study explores the health insurance penetration in India using the latest two rounds of nationally representative datasets of the National Family Health Survey (2005–06 and 2015–16). This study identifies the covariates of households' participation and their choice for different health insurance schemes, using the average marginal effects of binary and multinomial logit regression models with conditional categories after checking their Kernel density function. The results suggest that health insurance in India is more skewed towards the households belonging to higher wealth quintile and in the front runner states. Age, occupation and education level are also positively associated with health insurance enrolment. The variable ‘weighted information index’, which is estimated through Principal Component Analysis, is a significant determinant of private health insurance and community‐based health insurance, and this also caters to the richer households. The study also identifies several shortcomings of not accessing health insurance, their choices and suggests reforms with the goal of universalization of healthcare. The robustness check has been performed using 20 percent, 50 percent and 80 percent sub‐sampling of the models.
Glial‐derived neurotrophic factor in human airway smooth muscle
Authors: Bhallamudi Sangeeta , Roos Benjamin B. , Teske Jacob J. , Wicher Sarah A. , McConico Andrea , M. Pabelick Christina , Sathish Venkatachalem , Prakash Y. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAirway smooth muscle (ASM) cells modulate the local airway milieu via production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors including classical neurotrophins, such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFLs) are nonclassical neurotrophins and their role in the airway is barely understood. The major GFLs, GDNF and Neurturin (NRTN) bind to GDNF family receptor (GFR) α1 and α2 respectively that pair with Ret receptor to accomplish signaling. In this study, we found GDNF is expressed in human lung and increased in adult asthma, while human ASM expresses GDNF and its receptors. Accordingly, we used human ASM cells to test the hypothesis that ASM expression and autocrine signaling by GFLs regulate [Ca2+]i. Serum‐deprived ASM cells from non‐asthmatics were exposed to 10 ng/ml GDNF or NRTN for 15 min (acute) or 24 h (chronic). In fura‐2 loaded cells, acute GDNF or NRTN alone induced [Ca2+]i responses, and further enhanced responses to 1 µM ACh or 10 µM histamine. Ret inhibitor (SPP86; 10 µM) or specific GDNF chelator GFRα1‐Fc (1 µg/ml) showed roles of these receptors in GDNF effects. In contrast, NRTN did not enhance [Ca2+]i response to histamine. Furthermore, conditioned media of nonasthmatic and asthmatic ASM cells showed GDNF secretion. SPP86, Ret inhibitor and GFRα1‐Fc chelator markedly decreased [Ca2+]i response compared with vehicle, highlighting autocrine effects of secreted GDNF. Chronic GDNF treatment increased histamine‐induced myosin light chain phosphorylation. These novel data demonstrate GFLs particularly GDNF/GFRα1 influence ASM [Ca2+]i and raise the possibility that GFLs are potential targets of airway hyperresponsiveness.
Pharmacokinetics of Ruxolitinib in HIV Suppressed Individuals on Antiretroviral Agent Therapy from the ACTG A5336 Study
Authors: Hurwitz Selwyn J. , Tao Sijia , Gavegnano Christina , Jiang Yong , Tressler Randall L. , Tsibris Athe , del Rio Carlos , Overton Edgar T. , Lederman Michael M. , Kantor Amy , Moser Carlee , Kohler James J. , Lennox Jeffrey , Marconi Vincent C. , Flexner Charles W. , Schinazi Raymond F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRuxolitinib is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved orally administered Janus kinase (1/2) inhibitor that reduces cytokine‐induced inflammation. As part of a randomized, phase 2, open‐label trial, ruxolitinib (10 mg twice daily) was administered to HIV‐positive, virologically suppressed individuals (33 men, 7 women) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 5 weeks. Herein, we report the population PK subsequently determined from this study. Plasma concentrations of ruxolitinib (294 samples) and antiretroviral agents were measured at week 1 (N = 39 participants) and week 4 or 5 (N = 37). Ruxolitinib PK was adequately described with a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination with distribution volumes normalized to mean body weight (91.5 kg) and a separate typical clearance for participants administered efavirenz (a known cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer). Participants administered an ART regimen with efavirenz had an elevated typical apparent oral clearance versus the integrase inhibitor regimen group (22.5 vs 12.9 L/hr; N = 14 vs 25). Post hoc predicted apparent oral clearance was likewise more variable and higher (P < .0001) in those administered efavirenz. There was an ≈25% variation in ruxolitinib plasma exposures between week 1 and week 4/5. ART plasma concentrations resembled those from PK studies without ruxolitinib. Therefore, integrase inhibitor–based ART regimens may be preferred over efavirenz‐based regimens when ruxolitinib is administered to HIV‐positive individuals.
Acquiring new complex endoscopic skills: Experience from the development of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in Malaysia
Authors: Ho Shiaw Hooi , Nik Arsyad Nik M A , Lau Peng Choong , Jamaludin Fadhil H , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has rapidly gained popularity as an effective treatment modality for achalasia. However, POEM services in the South East Asian region are not widely available due to either a lack of expertise or interest. In this article, we describe how a POEM service can be developed through a combination of networking with regional experts, having prior experience of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), attending animal model workshops, collaborating with upper gastrointestinal surgeons, and working together in a multidisciplinary team. A total of 68 POEM procedures have been performed since 2015, with a 94.1% technical and 93.4% clinical success rate, and a 21.5% minor complication rate. We believe that our model may be useful for other Endoscopy Units in the region, which are performing advanced therapeutic endoscopy, to develop a POEM service too.
Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay‐based high‐throughput SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay for the diagnosis of COVID‐19: The VITROS® SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Test
Authors: Matsuzaki Nanako , Orihara Yuta , Kodana Masahiro , Kitagawa Yutaro , Matsuoka Masaru , Kawamura Rieko , Takeuchi Shinichi , Imai Kazuo , Tarumoto Norihito , Maesaki Shigefumi , Maeda Takuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA high‐throughput, fully automated antigen detection test for SARS‐CoV‐2 is a viable alternative to reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) for mass screening during outbreaks. In this study, we compared RT‐qPCR for viral load and the VITROS® SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Test with reference to the results of the LUMIPULSE® SARS‐CoV‐2 Ag Test. Of 128 nasopharyngeal swab specimens taken from patients suspected of being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, 49 were positive and 79 were negative according to RT‐qPCR. Consistent dose‐dependent detection with VITROS® assay was successfully achieved when using nasopharyngeal swab specimens with Ct values of 32.0 or lesser, whereas the CLEIA‐based LUMIPULSE® assay was able to detect lower viral loads compared with the VITROS® assay. Our results show that the performance of the VITROS® assay was satisfactory for the diagnosis of contagious COVID‐19 patients in the clinical setting.Highlights The performance of the VITROS® SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Test was sufficient for the diagnosis of contagious COVID‐19. This test showed high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in samples with a Ct value of 32 or less.
Specific allelic discrimination of N501Y and other SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations by ddPCR detects B.1.1.7 lineage in Washington State
Authors: Perchetti Garrett A. , Zhu Haiying , Mills Margaret G. , Shrestha Lasata , Wagner Cassia , Bakhash Shah Mohamed , Lin Michelle J. , Xie Hong , Huang Meei‐Li , Mathias Patrick , Bedford Trevor , Jerome Keith R. , Greninger Alexander L. , Roychoudhury Pavitra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReal‐time epidemiological tracking of variants of concern (VOCs) can help limit the spread of more contagious forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), such as those containing the N501Y mutation. Typically, genetic sequencing is required to be able to track VOCs in real‐time. However, sequencing can take time and may not be accessible in all laboratories. Genotyping by RT‐ddPCR offers an alternative to rapidly detect VOCs through discrimination of specific alleles such as N501Y, which is associated with increased transmissibility and virulence. Here we describe the first cases of the B.1.1.7 lineage of SARS‐CoV‐2 detected in Washington State by using a combination of reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), RT‐ddPCR, and next‐generation sequencing. We initially screened 1035 samples positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by our CDC‐based laboratory‐developed assay using ThermoFisher's multiplex RT‐PCR COVID‐19 assay over four weeks from late December 2020 to early January 2021. S gene target failures (SGTF) were subsequently assayed by RT‐ddPCR to confirm four mutations within the S gene associated with the B.1.1.7 lineage: a deletion at amino acid (AA) 69‐70 (ACATGT), deletion at AA 145, (TTA), N501Y mutation (TAT), and S982A mutation (GCA). All four targets were detected in two specimens; follow‐up sequencing revealed a total of 9 mutations in the S gene and phylogenetic clustering within the B.1.1.7 lineage. Next, we continued screening samples for SGTF detecting 23 additional B.1.1.7 variants by RT‐ddPCR and confirmed by sequencing. As VOCs become increasingly prevalent, molecular diagnostic tools like RT‐ddPCR can be utilized to quickly, accurately, and sensitively distinguish more contagious lineages of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Multivariate analysis of hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy images
Authors: Chitra Ragupathy Imaiyan , Schweikhard Volker , Zumbusch Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoherent Raman scattering microscopy is an attractive new technology for label‐free imaging. Both coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy offer the possibility to record hyperspectral imaging data. While for the analysis of spontaneous Raman microscopy data multivariate methods are nowadays routinely employed, until to date most of the coherent Raman imaging data are interpreted using univariate data analysis. In this work, we report a quantitative comparison of the performance of different multivariate methods used for the analysis of hyperspectral SRS data from different model samples. Our data show for all samples that multivariate methods outperform univariate analysis. Using metrics to quantify method performance, we find that of the methods tested, multivariate curve resolution (MCR) gives the best results. We show that the combination with a selection of essential components based on first‐order autocorrelation, gives a simple workflow for the MCR‐based analysis of hyperspectral coherent Raman imaging data.
Classification of vine‐shoots for use as enological additives
Authors: Cebrián‐Tarancón Cristina , Fernández‐Roldán Francisco , Alonso Gonzalo L , Salinas Rosario M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDToasted vine shoots have recently been proposed as enological additives with the aim of improving the sensorial profile of wines. However, so far, there is no simple method for classifying vine shoots for this innovative enological practice. In this study, therefore, an enological aptitude classification for toasted vine shoots has been proposed for the first time. Moreover, given the need for quick techniques to be used in wineries to determine the main phenolic compounds of vine shoots, near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been calibrated and validated.RESULTSBy means of a detailed statistical analysis, an enological classification of toasted vine shoots has been proposed based on their total polyphenol index and (+)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin, ellagic acid, and trans‐resveratrol. Moreover, the NIR methodology that was developed showed good validation statistics and acceptable accuracy.CONCLUSIONSThis work proposes the first enological toasted vine‐shoot classification and it provides a tool for rapid screening, mainly of phenolic compounds, in toasted vine shoots. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Isolation of diterpenes from Araucaria sp Brazilian brown propolis and development of a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method for its analysis
Authors: Santos Mario Ferreira Conceição , Oliveira Larissa Costa , Ribeiro Victor Pena , Soares Marisi Gomes , Morae Gabriel de Oliveira Isac , Sartori Alan Giovanini de Oliveira , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , de Alencar Severino Matias , Veneziani Rodrigo Cassio Sola , Ambrósio Sérgio Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPropolis comprises a complex resinous product composed of plant's parts or exudates, pollen, bee wax, and enzymes. Brazilian brown propolis from Araucaria sp displays several biological activities. Considering the lack of validated analytical methods for its analysis, we are reporting the development of a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector method to analyze Araucaria brown propolis. The crude propolis were extracted and chromatographed, furnishing six main diterpenes. The isolated standards were used to draw the analytical curves, allowing the studies of selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness, the determination of limits of detection and limits of quantification. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile, using an octadecylsilane column, 1 mL/min flow rate and detection at 200 or 241 nm. Relative standard deviation values obtained for intra‐day and inter‐day precision were lower than 4% for all diterpenes. From the five parameters for robustness, wavelength detection and flow rate were the critical ones. Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.808 to 10.359 μg/mL and from 2.448 to 31.392 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were between 105.03 and 108.13%, with relative standard deviation values around 5.0%. The developed method is precise, sensitive, and reliable for analyzing Araucaria brown propolis.
Correlation Between QElaXto Techniques and Supersonic Imagine for Liver Stiffness Quantification in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Garcovich Matteo , Faccia Mariella , Di Stasio Enrico , Riccardi Laura , Zocco Maria A. , Ainora Maria E. , Vecchio Fabio M. , Mingrone Geltrude , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesIntersystem variability in liver stiffness (LS) quantification with ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) precludes direct comparison of results obtained with different equipment. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between point‐SWE and 2‐dimensional‐SWE with Esaote‐MyLab 9 (p‐QElaXto and 2D‐QElaXto, respectively) and 2D‐SWE with SuperSonic Imagine (SSI) in order to assess specific LS thresholds for fibrosis staging with QElaXto techniques, using SSI as a reference standard.MethodsA total of 235 compensated chronic liver disease (CLD) patients without comorbidities potentially affecting LS were enrolled in the study. Among them, 101 patients underwent also liver biopsy. Agreement between the equipment was assessed with Pearson coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis, while cut‐off values were calculated with receiver operating characteristics analysis.ResultsCorrelation between 2D‐QElaXto and p‐QElaXto with SSI resulted very good (r = 0.898 and r = 0.866), especially in precirrhotic stages, with a mean difference between LS values of −1.3 kPa for 2D‐QElaXto and −0.6 kPa for p‐QElaXto compared with SSI. Cut‐off thresholds for diagnosing fibrosis ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 in non‐HBV‐related CLD were, respectively, 5.5, 8.0, and 10.6 kPa for 2D‐QElaXto and 6.1, 8.1, and 11.7 kPa for p‐QElaXto. All three SWE techniques were effective in differentiating significant fibrosis ≥F2 from mild or absent fibrosis in the subgroup of patients submitted to biopsy and showed good feasibility.ConclusionsCorrelation between QElaXto techniques and SSI in LS measurements is very good. Our study identifies for the first time cut‐off thresholds for fibrosis staging in non‐HBV‐related CLD using two QElaXto techniques.
Oxidation of C5 esters: Influence of the position of the ester function
Authors: Dayma Guillaume , Thion Sébastien , Lailliau Maxence , Serinyel Zeynep , Dagaut Philippe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe oxidation of esters has been extensively studied over the past 15 years, mainly focusing on methyl‐ and ethyl‐esters. Recently, the oxidation of esters produced from higher alcohols has received more and more attention. In this work, we report experiments and modeling on the oxidation of a series of four esters with five carbon atoms, namely, methyl butanoate, ethyl propanoate, propyl acetate, and butyl formate. The oxidation of these esters was performed in a jet‐stirred reactor under the same experimental conditions (τ = 700 ms, p = 10 atm, φ = 1, and Xfuel, initial = 1000 ppm). The mole fraction profiles obtained from these experiments were used to develop a unique detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of these four esters, which performs well against our experimental data and on data from the literature. Although these esters are isomers, this work highlights the influence of the position of the ester function in terms of global reactivity and product distribution. In particular, this comparison shows the strong impact of the nature of the products (i.e., acid + alkene) formed by the different molecular decomposition reactions during the oxidation process of these esters.
A modified composite right/left‐handed unit cell for multiband applications
Authors: Mazani Zahra , Abdipour Abdolali , Afrooz Kambiz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new planar 3‐band composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) unit cell is presented using an interdigital capacitor, two grounded stubs and etching a defected ground structure on the ground plane. A 3‐band filter is designed using this CRLH unit cell. In addition, with nonlinear dispersion relation of the 3‐band unit cell, it can be used as a hexa‐band quarter wave impedance transformer. Using this functionality, a planar hexa‐band power splitter is designed with relatively good performance. A fabricated prototype of the power divider is measured and the experimental results indicate that the power divider achieved better than 10 dB of return loss and the insertion loss is better than 6 dB over six‐frequency bands.
Marmoset brain segmentation from deconvolved magnetic resonance images and estimated label maps
Authors: Bazzi Farah , Mescam Muriel , Diab Ahmad , Falou Omar , Amoud Hassan , Basarab Adrian , Kouamé Denis 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe proposed method aims to create label maps that can be used for the segmentation of animal brain MR images without the need of a brain template. This is achieved by performing a joint deconvolution and segmentation of the brain MR images.MethodsIt is based on modeling locally the image statistics using a generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) and couples the deconvolved image and its corresponding labels map using the GGD‐Potts model. Because of the complexity of the resulting Bayesian estimators of the unknown model parameters, a Gibbs sampler is used to generate samples following the desired posterior probability.ResultsThe performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed on simulated and real MR images by the segmentation of enhanced marmoset brain images into its main compartments using the corresponding label maps created. Quantitative assessment showed that this method presents results that are comparable to those obtained with the classical method—registering the volumes to a brain template.ConclusionThe proposed method of using labels as prior information for brain segmentation provides a similar or a slightly better performance compared with the classical reference method based on a dedicated template.