bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of dose gradient and rotational error on prescribed dose coverage for single isocenter multiple brain metastases in frameless stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Yoon Jai-Woong , Park Soah , Cheong Kwang-Ho , Kang Sei-Kwon , Han Tae Jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the combined effect of rotational error and dose gradient on target dose coverage in frameless stereotactic radiotherapy.

Methods
Three spherical targets of different diameters (1, 1.5, and 2 cm) were drawn and placed equidistantly on the same axial brain computed tomography (CT) images. To test the different isocenter-target distances, 2.5- and 5-cm configurations were prepared. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were created for different dose gradients from the target, in which the dose gradients were modified using the maximum dose inside the target. To simulate the rotational error, CT images and targets were rotated in two ways by 0.5°, 1°, and 2°, in which one rotation was in the axial plane and the other was in three dimensions. The initial optimized plan parameters were copied to the rotated CT sets, and the doses were recalculated. The coverage degradation after rotation was analyzed according to the target dislocation and 12-Gy volume.

Results
A shallower dose gradient reduced the loss of target coverage under target dislocation, and the effect was clearer for small targets. For example, the coverage of the 1-cm target under 1-mm dislocation increased from 93 to 95% by increasing the Paddick gradient index from 5.0 to 7.9. At the same time, the widely accepted necrosis indicator, the 12-Gy volume, increased from 1.2 to 3.5 cm3, which remained in the tolerable range. From the differential dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis, the shallower dose gradient ensured that the dose-deficient under-covered target volume received a higher dose similar to that in the prescription.

Conclusions
For frameless stereotactic brain radiotherapy, the gradient, alongside the margin addition, can be adjusted as an ancillary parameter for small targets to increase target coverage or at least limit coverage reduction in conditions with probable positioning error.
WISC-IV performance of children with Chronic Tic Disorder, Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: results from a German clinical study
Authors: Wanderer Sina , Roessner Veit , Strobel Anja , Martini Julia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD), Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are complex neuropsychiatric disorders that frequently co-occur. The aim of this study was to examine WISC-IV performance of a clinical cohort of children with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD.

Methods
N = 185 children aged 6 to 17 years from Germany with CTD, OCD and/or ADHD were examined with the WISC-IV that comprises four index scores (VCI: Verbal Comprehension Index, PRI: Perceptual Reasoning Index, WMI: Working Memory Index, PSI: Processing Speed Index) and a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). WISC-IV profiles of children with CTD-only, OCD-only, ADHD-only, CTD+ADHD, CTD+OCD and CTD+OCD+ADHD were compared with the WISC-IV norm (N = 1650, M = 100 and SD = 15) and among each other.

Results
Unpaired t-tests revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower PSI scores, whereas children with CTD-only and OCD-only had significant higher VCI scores as compared to the German WISC-IV norm. One-way ANOVA revealed that children with ADHD-only showed significant lower WMI scores as compared to children with CTD+OCD.

Conclusions
We were able to confirm previous evidence on WISC-IV profiles in ADHD in a German clinical sample and contribute new findings on cognitive performance in children with (non-)comorbid CTD and OCD that have to be seen in light of the study’s limitations.
Adolescents amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study of psychological functioning
Authors: Daniunaite Ieva , Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene Inga , Thoresen Siri , Zelviene Paulina , Kazlauskas Evaldas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the accompanying countermeasures can significantly impact the wellbeing of adolescents. There is a lack of longitudinal studies that can shed light on potential social, emotional, and behavioral development in adolescents. We aimed to identify potential changes in adolescent psychosocial functioning from pre-pandemic to peri-pandemic assessment, and secondly, to identify specific patterns of change.

Methods
This longitudinal study was based on a Lithuanian community sample of 331 adolescents aged 12–16 at T1 (M  =  13.87, SD  =  1.59). T1 data collected before the pandemic (March–June, 2019) was compared with T2 data collected during the COVID-19 outbreak (October 2020). Psychosocial functioning was assessed by The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate latent change modeling and latent class change approaches were used to identify patterns of change.

Results
We found a small but significant increase in hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, but also prosocial behavior from before to during the pandemic, even adjusting for resilience, lifetime abuse experience, and socio-demographic situation. Three change profiles were identified in the latent change analysis: (1) a majority (70.7%) experienced a significant increase in psychosocial problems; (2) a smaller sub-group (19.6%) with increased peer problems only; (3) a small group (9.7%) showing no negative change and an increase in prosocial behavior.

Conclusions
The study found a significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the majority of adolescents, as well as indications of positive social development in a small group. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and supporting adolescents in the time of the pandemic more effectively. Accumulating knowledge about human responses to the coronavirus, particularly in young people, is pivotal to societal preparedness for future pandemics.
A new case of 17p13.3p13.1 microduplication resulted from unbalanced translocation: clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization
Authors: Markova Zhanna G. , Minzhenkova Marina E. , Bessonova Lyudmila A. , Shilova Nadezda V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCopy number gain 17 p13.3p13.1 was detected by chromosomal microarray (CMA) in a girl with developmental/speech delay and facial dysmorphism. FISH studies made it possible to establish that the identified genomic imbalance is the unbalanced t(9;17) translocation of maternal origin. Clinical features of the patient are also discussed. The advisability of using the combination of CMA and FISH analysis is shown. Copy number gains detected by clinical CMA should be confirmed using FISH analysis in order to determine the physical location of the duplicated segment. Parental follow-up studies is an important step to determine the origin of genomic imbalance. This approach not only allows a most comprehensive characterization of an identified chromosomal/genomic imbalance but also provision of an adequate medical and genetic counseling for a family taking into account a balanced chromosomal rearrangement.
A novel mutation KCNJ11 R136C caused KCNJ11-MODY
Authors: Chen Yaning , Hu Xiaodong , Cui Jia , Zhao Mingwei , Yao Hebin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA young female patient, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the age of 28 years old in 2009, carries KCNJ11 R136C by whole exome sequencing and her daughter doesn’t carry this mutation. Bioinformatics software predicted that the 136th amino acid is highly conservative and the mutation is deleterious. KCNJ11 R136C can result in the change of channel port structure of KATP channel. So she was diagnosed as KCNJ11-MODY.
Management of obstructive sleep apnea in children: A Canada-wide survey
Authors: Cousineau J. , Prévost A.-S. , Battista M.-C. , Gervais M. 
Published: August 2021

Background Obstructive sleep apnea frequently persists in children following adenotonsillectomy, which is the first-line treatment recommended for obstructive sleep apnea with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used to assess pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, but its use has not been standardized. The overarching goal of this study was to document the current practice of Canadian otolaryngologists managing this population. Methods A nation-wide online cross-sectional survey of Canadian otolaryngologist members of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery and the Association d'otorhinolaryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale du Québec. The 58-question electronic survey was developed based on a validated survey redaction guide with the aim to assess management and treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, as well as indications and performance of DISE. Consensus on practice items was defined by a minimum of 75% similar answers. Results One hundred and nine Canadian otolaryngologists completed the survey on management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, among which 12 of them completed the questions on DISE. Overall, there was a poor rate of agreement of 55% among the respondents for the 58 questions altogether. There was a consensus to assess pediatric obstructive sleep apnea clinically ± with videos (82.6%), to assess adenotonsillar hypertrophy clinically (93.6%) and with flexible scope in the office (80.7%), as well as for the airway sites examined endoscopically during DISE. However, there was no consensus regarding anesthetic protocol and scoring system. DISE was mostly performed in cases of persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy rather than before performing any surgical procedure. There was no difference in the management of obstructive sleep apnea between otolaryngologists who perform DISE and those who do not. The only difference between otolaryngologists who practice in community centers versus in tertiary care centers was the more frequently use of the Brodsky tonsil scale by the latter ones. Conclusion This Canadian-wide survey highlighted a lack of consensus in the management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and DISE. Certain aspects regarding DISE remain unclear, including establishment of its ideal timing in order to eventually avoid unnecessary tonsillectomies.
Evaluation of thermo-chemical conversion temperatures of cannabinoid acids in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass by pressurized liquid extraction
Authors: Olejar Kenneth J. , Kinney Chad A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cannabinoids are increasingly becoming compounds of medical interest. However, cannabis plants only produce carboxylated cannabinoids. In order to access the purported medical benefits of these compounds, the carboxylic acid moiety must be removed. This process is typically performed by heating the plant material or extract; however, cannabinoids being thermolabile can readily degrade, evaporate, or convert to undesired metabolites. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) operates using a pseudo-closed system under pressure and temperature. While pressure is maintained at 11 MPa, temperature can be varied from ambient to 200 °C.

Methods
Temperatures were evaluated (80 to 160 °C) using PLE for the thermo-chemical conversion of cannabinoid acids utilizing water as the solvent in the first step of extraction with subsequent extraction with ethanol. Optimum temperatures were established for the conversion of 6 cannabinoid acids to their neutral cannabinoid forms. Cannabinoid acid conversion was monitored by HPLC.

Results
The use of PLE for thermo-chemical decarboxylation has resulted in a rapid decarboxylation process taking merely 6 min. The temperatures established here demonstrate statistically significant maxima and minima of cannabinoids and their parent cannabinoid acids. One-way ANOVA analysis shows where individual cannabinoids are statistically different, but the combination of the maxima and minima provides temperatures for optimum thermo-chemical conversion. CBC, CBD, CBDV, and CBG have an optimum temperature of conversion of 140 °C, while THC was 120 °C for 6 min.

Discussion
Decarboxylation of cannabinoid acids is necessary for conversion to the bioactive neutral form. The pseudo-closed chamber of the PLE makes this an ideal system to rapidly decarboxylate the cannabinoid acids due to pressure and temperature, while minimizing loss typically associated with conventional thermal-decarboxylation. This study established the optimum temperatures for thermo-chemical conversion of the cannabinoid acids in water and provides the groundwork for further development of the technology for industrial scale application.
Role of diffusion MRI in diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma: initial assessment and response to therapy
Authors: Sabri Youssriah Yahia , Ewis Nourhan Mohamed , Zawam Hussam Eldin Hamdy , Khairy Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Malignant lymphoma accounts for nearly 20% of all mediastinal neoplasms in adults and 50% in children. Hodgkin’s disease is the most common primary mediastinal lymphoma. In non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the two most common forms of primary mediastinal lymphoma are lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study is to implement diffusion MRI in the algorithm of diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma, differentiating Hodgkin's from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and assessment of post therapeutic response.

Results
Using Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging DWI-MRI, there were statistic significant difference between ADC values in lymph nodes and mediastinal masses in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. ADC range in non-treated Hodgkin lymphoma cases was 0.774 to 1.4, while ADC range in in non-treated non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 0.476 to 0.668. In this study, there was statistically significant difference of ADC values in lymphoma cases presented by mediastinal masses with and without chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging DWI-MRI is a promising functional technique in diagnosis of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and assessment of response to treatment with no need for special preparation, contrast injection or radiation exposure.
Inversion of dry and saturated P- and S-wave velocities for the pore-aspect-ratio spectrum using a cracked porous medium elastic wave theory
Authors: Wang He-Ming , Tang Xiao-Ming 
Published: August 2021

Subsurface rocks contain pores and cracks of various sizes. The cracked porous medium elastic wave theory that describes wave propagation characteristics due to the pore-crack interaction is extended to include cracks of different aspect ratios. The extended theory is applied to model P- and S-wave velocity data of dry and fluid-saturated rock under pressure loading conditions, so as to determine the pore-aspect-ratio spectrum through an inversion procedure. The inversion result is consistent with that from the scanning electron microscope analysis, showing significant improvement versus previous inversion. The inverted pore-aspect-ratio spectrum is input into the wave theory to predict the velocity dispersion of the rock in the full frequency range. The predicted dispersion and its variation trend with pressure agree with the data measured in the (2–200, 106) Hz range at various differential pressures, whereas the modeling using a single-aspect-ratio theory has difficulty matching the data. This research work provides not only a method for analyzing the pore structure characteristics of rocks from the laboratory ultrasonic velocity data, but also a way to predict the seismic wave dispersion from the data.
Clinical Responses of Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21 (V937) in Patients With Unresectable Melanoma
Authors: Andtbacka Robert H. I. , Curti Brendan , Daniels Gregory A. , Hallmeyer Sigrun , Whitman Eric D. , Lutzky Jose , Spitler Lynn E. , Zhou Karl , Bommareddy Praveen K. , Grose Mark , Wang Meihua , Wu Cai , Kaufman Howard L. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSEWe evaluated the activity of intratumoral Coxsackievirus A21 (V937) in 57 patients with unresectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this multicenter, open-label, phase II study, patients received up to a total V937 dose of 3 × 108TCID50(50% tissue culture infectious dose) in a maximum 4.0-mL volume by intratumoral injection. Ten sets of V937 injections were administered between days 1 and 127 ( NCT01227551 ). Patients who had stable disease or were responding could continue treatment in an extension study ( NCT01636882 ). Response and progression status were based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or caliper measurement and were categorized using immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRECIST). Other evaluations included monitoring of adverse events and serum levels of V937 and anti-V937 antibody titers. The primary efficacy end point was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate per irRECIST.RESULTSThe primary efficacy end point, 6-month PFS rate per irRECIST, was 38.6% (95% CI, 26.0 to 52.4). Durable response rate (partial or complete response for ≥ 6 months) was 21.1% per irRECIST. Best overall response rate (complete plus partial response) was 38.6% (unconfirmed) and 28.1% (confirmed) per irRECIST. Regression of melanoma was observed in noninjected lesions. Based on Kaplan-Meier estimation, 12-month PFS was 32.9% (95% CI, 19.5 to 46.9) per irRECIST and 12-month overall survival was 75.4% (95% CI, 62.1 to 84.7). No treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred. Viral RNA was detected in serum within 30 minutes of administration. Neutralizing antibody titers increased to > 1:16 in all patients after day 22, without effect on clinical or immunologic response.CONCLUSIONV937 was well tolerated and warrants further investigation for treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma. Studies of combination approaches with V937 and immune checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing.
A machine-learning-based method to predict adverse events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severely reduced ejection fractions
Authors: Shu Shenglei , Hong Ziming , Peng Qinmu , Zhou Xiaoyue , Zhang Tianjng , Wang Jing , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: August 2021

Objective:Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) are at very high risks of experiencing adverse cardiac events. A machine learning (ML) method could enable more effective risk stratification for these high-risk patients by incorporating various types of data. The aim of this study was to build an ML model to predict adverse events including all-cause deaths and heart transplantation in DCM patients with severely impaired LV systolic function.Methods:One hundred and eighteen patients with DCM and severely reduced LVEFs (<35%) were included. The baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory data, electrocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features were collected. Various feature selection processes and classifiers were performed to select an ML model with the best performance. The predictive performance of tested ML models was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve using 10-fold cross-validation.Results:Twelve patients died, and 17 patients underwent heart transplantation during the median follow-up of 508 days. The ML model included systolic blood pressure, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extents on CMR imaging, and a support vector machine was selected as a classifier. The model showed excellent performance in predicting adverse events in DCM patients with severely reduced LVEF (the AUC and accuracy values were 0.873 and 0.763, respectively).Conclusions:This ML technique could effectively predict adverse events in DCM patients with severely reduced LVEF.Advances in knowledge:The ML method has superior ability in risk stratification in severe DCM patients.
Noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis: a case series
Authors: Masmoudi Mohamed , Chelli Jihene , Ben Mabrouk Asma , Chebil Ezer , Thabet Wadii , Hasnaoui Mehdi , Mighri Khalifa 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) remains a rare disease. The noninvasive forms are hard to diagnose. The management protocols remain controversial. We aim to describe the clinical, radiological and pathological features of noninvasive FRS and present our management protocol and follow-up results. Patients and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the ear-nose-throat department of the university hospital, Taher Sfar in Mahdia, Tunisia. All patients who responded to the definition of noninvasive FRS (fungal balls and allergic fungal sinusitis) were included. The study was conducted over a three year period (May 2017 – April 2021). Results: Eleven patients were included in this study: four cases of fungal balls and seven cases of allergic fungal sinusitis. Patients presented with symptoms of chronic recurrent rhinosinusitis with no response to conventional treatments. Computed tomodensitometry scan showed opacification of the paranasal sinuses in all patients. Other signs were heterogeneous opacities, local calcifications and thinning of the bony walls of the sinuses. Histopathological findings were inflammatory polyps in all cases of allergic FRS with the presence of fungal hyphae in 42.8% of the cases. All patients underwent surgery after a median delay of 12 [6–24] months of the symptom’s onset. The used procedures were endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy for all patients, ethmoidectomy (81.8%) and sphenoidotomy (36.4%). None received systemic antifungals or corticosteroids with a favorable outcome in all cases. Conclusion: Symptoms of noninvasive FRS are nonspecific. The scan images contribute to the diagnosis, but the perioperative findings and the histopathological results remain crucial. The management is mainly surgical.
Frustration-Based Promotions: Field Experiments in Ride-Sharing
Authors: Cohen Maxime C. , Fiszer Michael D. , Kim Baek Jung 
Published: August 2021

The service industry has become increasingly competitive. One of the main drivers for increasing profits and market share is service quality. When consumers encounter a bad experience, or a frustration, they may be tempted to stop using the service. In collaboration with the ride-sharing platform Via, our goal is to understand the benefits of proactively compensating customers who have experienced a frustration. Motivated by historical data, we consider two types of frustrations: long waiting times and long travel times. We design and run three field experiments to investigate how different types of compensation affect the engagement of riders who experienced a frustration. We find that sending proactive compensation to frustrated riders (i) is profitable and boosts their engagement behavior, (ii) works well for long waiting times but not for long travel times, (iii) seems more effective than sending the same offer to nonfrustrated riders, and (iv) has an impact moderated by past usage frequency. We also observe that the best strategy is to send credit for future usage (as opposed to waiving the charge or sending an apologetic message). This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.