bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal transactional relations among young children’s defiance and committed compliance and maternal assertive control
Authors: Xu Xiaoye , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eisenberg Nancy , Eggum‐Wilkens Natalie D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to more closely understand the direction of relations between maternal behavior and young children's defiance and committed compliance. We examined 256 mother–child dyads to explore developmental transactional relations between maternal assertive control, children's committed compliance, and children's defiance at 18 (T1), 30 (T2), and 42 (T3) months of age. After controlling for maternal gentle control, SES, and child sex, results showed parent effects for children's committed compliance, such that T1 maternal assertive control negatively predicted T3 committed compliance. Furthermore, toddlers’ behavior predicted T3 parenting; that is, toddlers’ T1 defiance positively predicted T3 maternal assertive control. Results of the present study indicate relatively long‐term prediction (to 42 months) from both parent and child behaviors at 18 months of age, and the findings have implications for understanding the bidirectional and complex processes that account for young children's adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.
MiR‐144‐induced KLF2 inhibition and NF‐kappaB/CXCR1 activation promote neutrophil extracellular trap–induced transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Le Aiping , Wu Yize , Liu Wei , Wu Chenggao , Hu Piaoping , Zou Juan , Kuang Linju 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a clinical syndrome which is associated with the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). Recent studies have demonstrated the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiological process of TRALI. Here, the study focused on the role of miR‐144 and the molecular mechanisms in NET‐induced TRALI. Up‐regulated miR‐144 and under‐expressed KLF2 were determined in patients with TRALI. In the mouse model of a two‐event TRALI induced by intraperitoneal injections with lipopolysaccharide and anti‐H‐2Kd mAb, we determined expression patterns of miR‐144, Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 1 (CXCR1) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐kappaB) p65. The results confirmed that miR‐144 was highly expressed, while KLF2 was poorly expressed in mice with TRALI. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay identified that miR‐144 could target KLF2. Using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches, we analysed the effects of miR‐144 and its interaction with KLF2 on TRALI. Enforced expression of miR‐144 was found to aggravate NET‐induced TRALI by down‐regulating KLF2 and activating the NF‐kappaB/CXCR1 signalling pathway in TRALI mice. Collectively, miR‐144‐targeted inhibition of KLF2 and activation of NF‐kappaB/CXCR1 are possible mechanisms responsible for NET‐caused TRALI. These findings aid in the development of therapeutic modalities for the treatment of TRALI.
RAD001 targeted HUVECs reverses 12‐lipoxygenase‐induced angiogenesis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xue , Chen Xuan , Sun Xiaozheng , Wang Cong , Wen Zhihua , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract12‐LOX plays an important role in the progression of various malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms of the action of 12‐LOX and tumour treatment strategies remain not fully defined. In this study, we investigated the possible roles of 12‐LOX in ESCC and explored the new therapeutic target. Approximately 73% of ESCC tissues showed marked up‐regulation of 12‐LOX, which was associated with poor prognosis. 12‐LOX overexpression was positively correlated with the malignant progression of ESCC as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Up‐regulation of 12‐LOX significantly increased the proliferation of ESCC cells and the xenograft volume. Moreover, 12‐LOX up‐regulation promoted tube formation of HUVECs and tumour angiogenesis in xenografts. Mechanism investigation indicated that 12‐LOX overexpression led to activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the up‐regulation of VEGF in ESCC cells. Subsequent analysis indicated that the RAD001 could reverse the 12‐LOX‐induced promoting effect on ESCC. Specifically, the application of RAD001 inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells and the tube‐forming ability of HUVECs. In the drug group, the xenografts exhibited significant volume reduction and angiogenesis inhibition. We demonstrated that RAD001 could inhibit HUVEC migration. These findings presented the evidence that RAD001 had distinct roles on HUVECs and could exert anti‐tumour effects by targeting not only the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway but the angiogenesis in ESCC.
Phylogenetic identification of symbiotic protists of five ChineseReticulitermesspecies indicates a cospeciation of gut microfauna with host termites
Authors: Song Yan‐Qiu , Zhang Dian , Chen Wen , Dang Xiao‐Xue , Yang Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSymbiotic protists play important roles in the wood digestion of lower termites. Previous studies showed that termites generally possess host‐specific flagellate communities. The genusReticulitermesis particularly interesting because its unique assemblage of gut flagellates bears evidence for transfaunation. The gut fauna ofReticulitermesspecies in Japan, Europe, and North America had been investigated, but data on species in China are scarce. For the first time, we analyzed the phylogeny of protists in the hindgut of fiveReticulitermesspecies in China. A total of 22 protist phylotypes were affiliated with the family Trichonymphidae, Teranymphidae, Trichomonadidae, and Holomastigotoididae (Phylum Parabasalia), and 45 protist phylotypes were affiliated with the family Pyrsonymphidae (Phylum Preaxostyla). The protist fauna of these fiveReticulitermesspecies is similar to those ofReticulitermesspecies in other geographical regions. The topology of Trichonymphidae subtree was similar to that ofReticulitermestree. All Preaxostyla clones were affiliated with the generaPyrsonymphaandDinenympha(Order Oxymonadida) as in the otherReticulitermesspecies. The results of this study not only add to the existing information on the flagellates present in otherReticulitermesspecies but also offer the opportunity to test the hypotheses for the coevolution of symbiotic protists with their host termites.
Sensory innervation of the human male prepuce: Meissner's corpuscles predominate
Authors: García‐Mesa Yolanda , García‐Piqueras Jorge , Cobo Ramón , Martín‐Cruces José , Suazo Iván , García‐Suárez Olivia , Feito Jorge , Vega José A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeissner's corpuscles are the most abundant sensory corpuscles in the glabrous skin of the male prepuce. They are type I, rapidly adapting, low‐threshold mechanoreceptors, and their function is linked to the expression of the mechanoprotein piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2). Stimulation of genital Meissner's corpuscles gives rise to sexual sensations. It has been recently demonstrated that digital Meissner's corpuscles, Meissner‐like corpuscles, and genital end bulbs have an endoneurium‐like capsule surrounding their neuronal elements; that is, the axon and glial lamellar cells, and their axons, display PIEZO2 immunoreactivity. It is unknown whether this is also the case for preputial Meissner's corpuscles. Furthermore, the expression of certain proteins that have been found in Meissner's corpuscles at other anatomical locations, especially in the digits, has not been investigated in preputial Meissner's corpuscles. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of axonal (neurofilament, neuron‐specific enolase), glial (S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin), endoneurial (CD34), and perineurial (glucose transporter 1) markers in the preputial and digital Meissner's corpuscles of male participants aged between 5 and 23 years. Furthermore, we investigated the occurrence of the mechanoprotein PIEZO2 in male preputial Meissner's corpuscles. Human male prepuce contains numerous Meissner's corpuscles, which may be grouped or isolated and are regularly distributed in the dermal papillae. Lamellar glial cells display strong expression of S100 protein and vimentin but lack expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, they show axonal PIEZO2 expression and have an endoneurial capsule, but no perineurial. Our results indicate that human male preputial Meissner's corpuscles share the immunohistochemical profile of digital Meissner's corpuscles, which is considered to be necessary for mechanotransduction. These data strongly suggest that the structure and function of Meissner's corpuscles are independent of their anatomical location.
The relative locations of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina: A cadaveric study
Authors: Hester Kathylin M. , Rahimi Omid B. , Fry Constance L. , Nation Haley L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the current surgical guideline stating that the main facial foramina that transmit cutaneous nerves to the face (supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen) are equidistant from the midline in European and Hispanic populations. Previous studies suggest this surgical guideline is not applicable for all ethnicities; however, to our knowledge, no data have been published regarding the accuracy of this guideline pertaining to the Hispanic population. An experimental study was performed on 67 cadavers donated to the Human Anatomy Program at UT Health San Antonio. The supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina were dissected and midline structures including the crista galli, internasal suture, anterior nasal spine, and mandibular symphysis were identified. The distance from each foramen to midline was recorded using a digital caliper. For all cadavers/ethnicities studied, the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina were 25.32 mm, 29.57 mm, and 25.55 mm to the midline, respectively. Thus, the infraorbital foramen is located significantly more lateral compared to the supraorbital (p < 0.0001) and mental foramina (p < 0.0001). After dividing the sample based on ethnicity, this relationship was also true for the European sample and tended to be true for the Hispanic sample. Significant anatomical variations exist in the current surgical guideline stating that the supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen are equidistant from the midline. Clinicians may need to adjust their methodology during surgical procedures of the face in order to optimize patient care.
“Better red than dead”: Socialism in British Public Schools, 1900–1918
Authors: Makarchev Nikita , Xiao Chelsea C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines socialism in Edwardian public schools. It concentrates on understanding their students’ responses to, and conceptions of, socialism’s core tenets. For, existing scholarship has depicted these Edwardian institutions as almost uniformly conservative and proficient in inculcating students with pro‐social hierarchy, anti‐social innovation views. Any ideological tensions, then, stemmed from the interaction of popular, conservative‐compliant, dogmas within school contexts: social Darwinism, imperialism, athleticism, muscular Christianity and so on. This paper, however, draws on new Eton College archive sources to enhance and complicate this view. It argues socialism captivated the students’ attention and garnered a strong supportive minority that, at times, advocated complete collective ownership. Moreover, the school administration showed tolerance to even the most outspoken socialists, and its non‐hegemonic, semi‐decentralized nature gave rise to local, independent sites of support. Accordingly, this research is important to understanding Edwardian public school ideologies and socialization processes. In wider terms, too, it casts insight on Edwardian socialism’s penetration into secondary education and inter‐class acceptance.
Muscle‐strengthening activities and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and mortality: A review of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Giovannucci Edward L. , Rezende Leandro F. M. , Lee Dong Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe benefits of aerobic moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on major non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are well established. However, much less is known whether muscle‐strengthening activities (i.e., resistance/weight/strength training) confer similar benefits. Herein, we conducted a narrative literature review and summarized the existing evidence from large prospective cohort studies on muscle strengthening activities and risk of major chronic diseases and mortality in adults generally free of major NCDs at baseline. Current epidemiologic evidence suggests that engagement in muscle‐strengthening activities over 1–2 sessions (or approximately 60–150 min) per week was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (seven studies; approximately 20%–25% reduction), type 2 diabetes (four studies; approximately 30% reduction), cancer mortality (four studies; approximately 15%–20% reduction) as well as all‐cause mortality (six studies; approximately 20%–25% reduction). For diabetes, the risk appears to lower further with even higher levels of muscle‐strengthening activities, but some studies for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality suggest a reversal whereby higher levels (≥2.5 h/week) have less benefit, or are even harmful, relative to lower levels of activity. The likely mechanisms contributing to a benefit include improvement in body composition, lipid profile, insulin resistance and inflammation. The evidence supports engaging in 1–2 sessions (up to 2.5 h) per week, preferably performed complementary to the recommended levels of aerobic MVPA. Although data are limited, caution is suggested for training exceeding 2.5 h per week. Further studies are required to better understand the influence of frequency, duration and intensity of muscle‐strengthening activities on major NCDs and mortality in diverse populations.
Effect of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus)
Authors: Saleh Elham S. E. , Tawfeek Samar S. , Abdel‐Fadeel Asmaa A. A. , Abdel‐Daim Asmaa S. A. , Abdel‐Razik Abdel‐Razik H. , Youssef Ibrahim M. I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using protease in diets of Nile tilapia on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology. The cost of these diets and their return on fish performance was calculated. A total of 360 fish were randomly allocated into four groups with triplicates (30 fish per replicate). Four diets were formulated; two controls (without protease supplementation) and two experimental diets (supplemented with protease). The first control diet contained the normal protein requirement (30% CP; control +ve), while the second control had a low protein content (29% CP; control −ve). The third diet was supplemented with protease at a dose of 500 g/ton, and its CP content was reduced to 29.0%, by reducing the fish meal content. The fourth diet contained the same CP level as the first control (30%) and supplemented with 250 g protease per ton feed. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The results showed that body weight and length, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in the control −ve group (low CP) supplemented with protease were similar (p > 0.05) to that of the control +ve with normal CP content. However, these performance parameters were lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed low CP diet without protease supplementation. Providing protease to the control +ve diet improved all measured performance indices. The ammonia and nitrite concentrations of the water were reduced (p < 0.05) in control −ve and protease‐supplemented groups. The height and width of intestinal villi were increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing protease. The inclusion of protease reduced the diet cost and also the feed cost of fish weight gain. In conclusion, supplementation of protease can improve the productive performance of fish, spare dietary protein and produce economical diets. Moreover, it can help in improving the water quality of fish via lowering the ammonia and nitrite contents, or through increasing the degradation of dietary protein.
A horizontally acquired Legionella genomic island encoding a LuxR type regulator and effector proteins displays variation in gene content and regulation
Authors: Linsky Marika , Segal Gil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila translocates >300 effector proteins into host cells, many of which are regulated at the transcriptional level. Here, we describe a novel L. pneumophila genomic island, which undergoes horizontal gene transfer within the Legionella genus. This island encodes two Icm/Dot effectors: LegK3 and a previously uncharacterized effector which we named CegK3, as well as a LuxR type regulator, which we named RegK3. Analysis of this island in different Legionella species revealed a conserved regulatory element located upstream to the effector‐encoding genes in the island. Further analyses, including gene expression analysis, mutagenesis of the RegK3 regulatory element, controlled expression studies, and gel‐mobility shift assays, all demonstrate that RegK3 directly activates the expression levels of legK3 and cegK3 effector‐encoding genes. Additionally, the expression of all the components of the island is silenced by the Fis repressors. Comparison of expression profiles of these three genes among different Legionella species revealed variability in the activation levels mediated by RegK3, which were positively correlated with the Fis‐mediated repression. Furthermore, LegK3 and CegK3 effectors moderately inhibit yeast growth, and importantly, they have a strong synergistic inhibitory effect on yeast growth, suggesting these two effectors are not only co‐regulated but also might function together.
Characterizing clinical features and location‐specific gene expression profiles associated with pain burden in children with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Mokha Jasmeet S. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Glidden Nicole C. , Balarezo Fabiola , Young Erin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn children with functional dyspepsia (FD), genes involved in pain modulation may be differentially expressed contributing to chronic pain.MethodsChildren with suspected FD (cases) and known eosinophilic esophagitis (controls) undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy completed the Rome IV Diagnostic, Pain Burden and Frequency Severity‐Duration questionnaires. Two antral and two duodenal biopsies were collected and relative fold differences in gene expression for 84 pain‐associated genes compared to pain‐free controls were calculated.ResultsSixty‐six subjects with FD (postprandial distress syndrome = 34, epigastric pain syndrome = 7, both = 25; 65% female; mean age 13.7 years) and 13 pain‐free controls (8% female; mean age 12.7) were studied. There were no significant differences in antral and duodenal eosinophilic counts or distribution between the pain and pain‐free groups. Pain severity and burden did not differ significantly between FD subgroups and neither measure significantly correlated with eosinophil counts in the antrum or duodenum. Analysis of 47 antral and 39 duodenal biospecimens revealed 5 candidate genes significantly associated with pain burden: antral EDN1, PTGES3 and duodenal HTR1A, P2Y1, SCN3A (p < 0.01). Subsequent stringent statistical analysis comparing those with significant pain versus no pain revealed antral PTGES3 and duodenal SCN3A were the highest priority candidate genes (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPain burden in pediatric FD may be linked to antral EDN1, PTGES3 and duodenal HTR1A, P2Y1, SCN3A differential expression. These genes are known to be involved in pain conduction, modulation, and neurotransmission, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for managing pain in FD.
Validation of secondary peristalsis classification using FLIP panometry in 741 subjects undergoing manometry
Authors: Carlson Dustin A. , Baumann Alexandra J. , Prescott Jacqueline E. , Donnan Erica N. , Yadlapati Rena , Khan Abraham , Gyawali C Prakash , Kou Wenjun , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to systematically evaluate a classification scheme of secondary peristalsis using functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry through comparison with primary peristalsis on high‐resolution manometry (HRM).Methods706 adult patients that completed FLIP and HRM for primary esophageal motility evaluation and 35 asymptomatic volunteers (“controls”) were included. Secondary peristalsis, that is, contractile responses (CRs), was classified on FLIP panometry by the presence and pattern of contractility as normal (NCR), borderline (BCR), impaired/disordered (IDCR), absent (ACR), or spastic‐reactive (SRCR). Primary peristalsis on HRM was assessed according to the Chicago Classification.ResultsAll 35 of the controls had antegrade contractions on FLIP panometry with either NCR (89%) or BCR (11%). The average percentages of normal swallows on HRM varied across contractile response patterns from 84% in NCR, 68% in BCR, 39% in IDCR, to 11% in ACR, as did the percentage of failed swallows on HRM: 4% in NCR, 12% in BCR, 36% in IDCR, and 79% in ACR. SRCR on FLIP panometry was observed in 18/57 (32%) patients with type III achalasia, 4/15 (27%) with distal esophageal spasm, and 7/15 (47%) with hypercontractile esophagus on HRM.ConclusionsThe FLIP panometry contractile response patterns reflect a pathophysiologic transition from normal to abnormal esophageal peristaltic function with shared features with primary peristaltic function/dysfunction on HRM. Thus, these patterns of the contractile response to distension can facilitate the evaluation of esophageal motility using FLIP panometry.
Biliary and duodenal complications after « en bloc» liver‐small bowel transplantation in children. A single center cohort study
Authors: Hervieux Erik , Capito Carmen , Franchi‐Abella Stéphanie , Pariente Danièle , Lozach Cécile , Sauvat Frédérique , Lacaille Florence , Chardot Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe technique of « en bloc» liver and small bowel transplantation (L‐BT) spares a biliary anastomosis, but does not protect against biliary complications. We analyze biliary and duodenal complications (BDC) in our pediatric series.MethodsBetween 1994 and 2020, 54 L‐BT were performed in 53 children. The procurement technique included in situ vascular dissection and pancreatic reduction to the head until 2009 (group A). Thereafter, the whole pancreas was recovered (group B).ResultsNine BDCs occurred in 8/53 (15%) patients (7 in group A and 1 in group B): leak of the donor's duodenal stump (2), stenosis of the extra‐pancreatic bile duct (5), and intra‐pancreatic bile duct stenosis (2). Median delay for diagnosis of stricture was 8 months (4–168). Interventional radiology was successful in one child only, the others required reoperations. Two patients died, of biliary cirrhosis or cholangitis, 15‐month and 12‐year post‐L‐BT. One was listed and liver re‐transplanted 13 years post‐L‐BT. At last follow‐up, two patients only had normal liver tests and ultrasound.ConclusionBDC after L‐BT can cause severe morbidities. Pancreatic reduction might increase this risk. Early surgical complications or chronic pancreatic rejection might be co‐factors. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to the long‐term prognosis.