bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidality among gender minorities in Karnataka, South India
Authors: Halli Shiva S. , Isac Shajy , Bhattacharjee Parinita , Dutta Sumit , Ramesh B. M. , Lorway Robert , Blanchard James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
It is argued that Indian gender minorities displayed differential mental health problems and suicide attempts. Hence, the study was intended to understand the prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidality among this group, specifically those living in a metropolitan city in South India.

Methods
The data was generated from a cross-sectional study that employed a structured questionnaire to collect information about experiences of anxiety, depression and suicidal behavior among gender-diverse individuals in Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka state. The study used stratified simple random sampling of eligible individuals who were 18 years of age and older and who were enrolled in an HIV prevention program implemented for gender-diverse individuals run by the Karnataka Health Promotion Trust and the University of Manitoba at the time of the study (2012). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relative contribution of various factors that affect suicide ideation or actual attempts among the gender diverse participants.

Results
Results showed that 62% whose main source of income was Basti (socially sanctioned practice of begging), 52% of Hijras, 56% who lived with their Gurus, 58% who were not happy with their physical appearance, 55% who consumed alcohol daily, and 63% who experienced high depression had ever thought of or attempted suicide in the month prior to the survey. However, multivariate analysis showed that respondents who were not happy with their physical appearance and thought of changing it had significantly higher odds (AOR = 2.861; CI 1.468,5.576; p = 0.002) of either having thoughts that it was better being dead or wished they died. Similarly, those who experienced high depression, their odds of either having had thoughts of or having attempted suicide increased by three times (AOR = 3.997; CI 1.976, 8.071; p < 0.000).

Conclusions
It is observed that a high percentage of gender minorities had attempted suicide or thought of suicide during the month preceding the data collection. The findings bring new insights on the proximate determinant of physical appearance on the suicidality of gender minorities assigned male at birth and appropriate to account for this while addressing the mental health issues.
A randomized control trial to test a peer support group approach for reducing social isolation and depression among female Mexican immigrants
Authors: Page-Reeves Janet , Murray-Krezan Cristina , Regino Lidia , Perez Jackie , Bleecker Molly , Perez Daniel , Wagner Bill , Tigert Susan , Bearer Elaine L. , Willging Cathleen E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Female Mexican Immigrants (FMIs) experience high rates of depression compared with other populations. For this population, depression is often exacerbated by social isolation associated with the experience of immigration.
Aim 1. To measure whether a culturally situated peer group intervention will reduce depression and stress associated with the experience of immigration.
Aim 2. To test whether an intervention using a “women’s funds of knowledge” approach results in improved resilience, knowledge and empowerment.
Aim 3. To investigate whether a culturally situated peer group intervention using a women’s funds of knowledge approach can give participants a sense and experience of social and physical connection (“emplacement”) that is lost in the process of immigration.

Methods
This mixed-methods study will implement “Tertulias” (“conversational gatherings” in Spanish), a peer support group intervention designed to improve health outcomes for FMI participants in Albuquerque, New Mexico. We will document results of the intervention on our primary hypotheses of a decrease in depression, and increases in resilience and social support, as well as on our secondary hypotheses of decreased stress (including testing of hair cortisol as a biomarker for chronic stress), and an increase in social connectedness and positive assessment of knowledge and empowerment.

Discussion
This project will address mental health disparities in an underserved population that experiences high rates of social isolation. Successful completion of this project will demonstrate that health challenges that may appear too complex and too hard to address can be using a multi-level, holistic approach. Our use of hair samples to test for the 3-month average levels of systemic cortisol will contribute to the literature on an emerging biomarker for analyzing chronic stress.

Trial registration
This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 2/3/20, Identifier #NCT04254198.
Assessment of the design and implementation challenges of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Nigeria: a qualitative study among sub-national level actors, healthcare and insurance providers
Authors: Alawode Gbadegesin O. , Adewole David A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Health insurance is an important mechanism to prevent financial hardship in the process of accessing health care. Since the launch of Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005, only 5% of Nigerians have health insurance and 70% still finance their healthcare through Out-Of-Pocket (OOP) expenditure. Understanding the contextualized perspectives of stakeholders involved in NHIS is critical to advancing and implementing necessary reforms for expanding health insurance coverage at national and sub-national levels in Nigeria. This study explored the perspectives of sub-national level actors/stakeholders on the design and implementation challenges of Nigeria’s NHIS.

Methods
A descriptive case study design was used in this research. Data were collected in Ibadan, Oyo State in 2016 from health insurance regulators, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Key informant interviews (KII) were conducted among purposively selected stakeholders to examine their perspectives on the design and implementation challenges of Nigeria’s National Health Insurance Scheme. Data were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic approaches with the aid of NVIVO software package version 11.

Results
Implementation challenges identified include abject poverty, low level of awareness, low interest (in the scheme), superstitious beliefs, inefficient mode of payment, drug stock-out, weak administrative and supervisory capacity. The scheme is believed to have provided more coverage for the formal sector, its voluntary nature and lack of legal framework at the subnational levels were seen as the overarching policy challenge. Only NHIS staff currently make required financial co-contribution into the scheme, as all other federal employees are been paid for by the (federal) government.

Conclusions
Sub-national governments should create legal frameworks establishing compulsory health insurance schemes at the subnational levels. Effective and efficient platforms to get the informal sector enrolled in the scheme is desirable. CBHI schemes and the currently approved state supported health insurance programmes may provide a more acceptable platform than NHIS especially among the rural informal sector. These other two should be promoted. Awareness and education should also be raised to enlighten citizens. Stakeholders need to address these gaps as well as poverty.
Antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of fucoidan in NSCLC
Authors: Chen Xiaohan , Sun Li , Wei Xiaojuan , Lu Haijun , Tan Ye , Sun Zhanyi , Jiang Jinju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Fucoidan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, exerts anticoagulant and antiviral functions. It was recently reported that fucoidan also exerts an antitumor function. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-tumor,apoptosis and anti-metastasis effects of fucoidan in both cell-based assays and mouse xenograft model, as well as to clarify possible role of m-TOR pathway in the protection.

Methods
In vitro: Different concentrations of fucoidan were given to act on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1650. The effects of fucoidan on cell proliferation were observed by detecting cyclin expression levels, CCK8 and EDU experiments and cloning experiments. The apoptotic level was detected by flow cytometry and the apoptotic protein level was detected by Westernblot. By detecting the expression of adhesion molecules, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, and Transwell cell invasion and migration experiment, the effect of fucoidan on cell adhesion, invasion and migration was observed. Meanwhile the effect of fucoidan on angiogenesis was observed by detecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
In vivo experiment: An animal model of NSCLC cell mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor was established to analyze the correlation between the consumption of fucoidan and the size and volume of xenograft tumor through gross observation. Through immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence double staining, ki67 and cell adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and CD31) and VEGF-A in the tumor were detected, and the correlation between the amount of fucoidan and the above indexes was analyzed.

Results
Fucoidan inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of NSCLC cells via the mTOR pathway and promoted their apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Not only that, fucoidan inhibited NSCLC cell invasion via epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The mice fed fucoidan exhibited significant reductions in tumor volumes and weights. These indicators (Ki67, VEGF-A,N-cadherin) were decreased and E-cadherin expression was up-regulated in A549 mice that treated with fucoidan. The results showed that fucoidan inhibited tumor proliferation in vivo by affecting the expression of related proteins.

Conclusion
Fucoidan conveys antitumor effects and our results represent an ideal therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
Lactate as a metabolite from probiotic Lactobacilli mitigates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury: an in vivo study
Authors: Huang Yingpeng , Zhang Jiali , Dong Renjie , Ji Xiawei , Jiang Yusha , Cen Jianke , Bai Zhihuai , Hong Kairui , Li Huihui , Chen Jiajing , Zhou Jinhui , Qian Fanyu , Wang Fangyan , Qu Yue , Zhou Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPre-administration of probioticLactobacilliattenuates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (GMI). The underpinning mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We speculated that lactate, the main metabolite ofLactobacillusthat can be safely used as a common food additive, mediated the gastroprotective effect. This study aimed to gain experimental evidence to support our hypothesis and to shed lights on its underlying mechanisms.MethodsLactate was orally administrated to mice at different doses 30 min prior to the induction of GMI. Gastric tissue samples were collected and underwent histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses.ResultsPretreatment with lactate at 1–3 g/kg significantly curtailed the severity of ethanol-induced GMI, as shown by morphological and histopathological examinations of gastric tissue samples. Significantly lower level of cytokines indicative of local inflammation were found in mice receiving lactate treatment prior to ethanol administration. Western-blot, immunohistochemical analysis and qPCR suggested that gastroprotective properties of lactate were mediated by its modulatory effects on the expression of the apoptosis regulator geneBax, the apoptotic executive protein geneCasp3, and genes critical for gastric mucosal integrity, including those encoding tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-5, and that for lactate receptor GPR81.ConclusionLactate mitigates ethanol-induced GMI by curtailing local gastric inflammatory response, down-regulating the expression of the apoptosis regulator and executor genesBaxandCasp3, and up-regulating the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-1, and Claudin-5 and the lactate receptor GPR81.
As a biomarker for gastric cancer, circPTPN22 regulates the progression of gastric cancer through the EMT pathway
Authors: Ma Shuo , Kong Shan , Gu Xinliang , Xu Yanhua , Tao Mei , Shen Lei , Shen Xianjuan , Ju Shaoqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Due to the lack of specific symptoms, more than 80% of patients are diagnosed as the advanced stage with a high mortality rate, so the early diagnosis of GC is incredibly essential. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a kind of endogenous non-coding RNA with stable structure, the long half-life, and tumor specificity. It can be used as a diagnostic marker for tumors.

Method
Using circRNA sequencing technology screened three pairs of GC and adjacent tissues, and circRNAs with significant expression differences were screened out. The circular structure and characteristics of circPTPN22 were determined by RT-qPCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing, RNase R, and actinomycin D assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, Transwell, Wound healing, tumor formation in mice and western blotting assays were used to detect the effects of circPTPN22 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, tumor growth of GC cells in vitro and protein expression.

Result
CircPTPN22 is up-regulated and positively correlated with metastasis in GC tissues, cells, and plasma. RT-qPCR results showed that circPTPN22 had good diagnostic efficacy and could be used to predict the prognosis of GC patients. In vitro and vivo experiments showed that the downregulation of circPTPN22 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) pathway. CircPTPN22 may regulate GC progression through the competitive binding of miRNAs.

Conclusion
CircPTPN22 can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for GC and can inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis through the competitive binding of miRNA to inhibit the EMT pathway.
Neural progenitor cell-derived nanovesicles promote hair follicle growth via miR-100
Authors: Cao Lei , Tian Tian , Huang Yuanbo , Tao Shiqin , Zhu Xiaohong , Yang Mifang , Gu Jing , Feng Guangdong , Ma Yinni , Xia Rushan , Xu Wenrong , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence shows that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise to promote hair growth. However, large-scale production of EVs is still a challenge. Recently, exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV) prepared by extruding cells have emerged as an alternative strategy for clinical-scale production. Here, ReNcell VM (ReN) cells, a neural progenitor cell line was serially extruded to produce NV.

Results
ReN-NV were found to promote dermal papilla cell (DPC) proliferation. In addition, in a mouse model of depilation-induced hair regeneration, ReN-NV were injected subcutaneously, resulting in an acceleration of hair follicle (HF) cycling transition at the site. The underlying mechanism was indicated to be the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-100 was revealed to be abundant in ReN-NV and significantly up-regulated in DPCs receiving ReN-NV treatment. miR-100 inhibition verified its important role in ReN-NV-induced β-catenin signaling activation.

Conclusion
These results provide an alternative agent to EVs and suggest a strategy for hair growth therapy.
High miR-324-5p expression predicts unfavorable prognosis of gastric cancer and facilitates tumor progression in tumor cells
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Li Jun , An Junyan , Feng Yikuan , Wang Lirong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GCa) is one of the six major malignancies in the world with low survival rate. Although there are advances in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis of patients with GCa remains not optimistic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-324-5p, as well as its functional role in GCa progression.

Methods
The expression of miR-324-5p in tumor tissues and cell lines was examined using real-time quantitative PCR. The prognostic value of miR-324-5p in patients with GCa was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the biological function of miR-324-5p during the progression of GCa, and a target gene of miR-324-5p was proposed.

Results
The expression of miR-324-5p was up-regulated in GCa tissues and cell lines. Patients with high expression of miR-324-5p had more cases with positive lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and worse overall survival compared with patients with low expression. The elevated miR-324-5p was an independent prognostic indicator of GCa. In addition, the inhibition of miR-324-5p could suppress GCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promote cell apoptosis, and PTEN was demonstrated to serve as a direct target of miR-324-5p in GCa progression.

Conclusion
The present study indicates that miR-324-5p overexpression predicts poor prognosis in GCa patients, and the reduction of miR-324-5p can inhibit GCa biological processes. PTEN is a target gene of GCa, which may mediate the biological function of miR-324-5p in GCa progression.
Microarray expression profile of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs and the potential role of PFK-1 in infantile hemangioma
Authors: Yang Kaiying , Zhang Xuepeng , Chen Linwen , Chen Siyuan , Ji Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the expression levels and biological functions of lncRNAs in IH have not been well-studied. This study aimed to analyze the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in proliferating and involuting IHs.

Methods
The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in proliferating and involuting IHs were identified by microarray analysis. Subsequently, detailed bioinformatics analyses were performed. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were conducted to validate the microarray results.

Results
In total, 146 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 374 DE mRNAs were identified. The DE mRNAs were enriched mostly in angiogenesis-related biological processes (BPs) and pathways by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, metabolism-related BPs (e.g., “glycogen biosynthetic process” and “metabolic process”) and pathways (e.g., “oxidative phosphorylation”) were identified. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed from 42 DE lncRNAs and 217 DE mRNAs. Twelve lncRNAs were predicted to have cis-regulated target genes. The microarray analysis results were validated by qRT-PCR using 5 randomly selected lncRNAs and 13 mRNAs. The IHC results revealed that both LOXL2 and FPK-1 exhibited higher protein expression levels in proliferating IH than in involuting IH. Moreover, inhibition of PFK-1 could suppress hemangioma-derived endothelial cell proliferation and migration, induce cell arrest, and reduce glucose uptake and lactate and ATP production.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the identified DE lncRNAs and mRNAs may be associated with the pathogenesis of IH. The data presented herein can improve our understanding of IH development and provide direction for further studies investigating the mechanism underlying IH.
The reporting checklist for public versions of guidelines: RIGHT-PVG
Authors:   The RIGHT working group, Wang Xiaoqin , Chen Yaolong , Akl Elie A. , Tokalić Ružica , Marušić Ana , Qaseem Amir , Falck-Ytter Yngve , Lee Myeong Soo , Siedler Madelin , Barber Sarah L. , Zhang Mingming , Chan Edwin S. Y. , Estill Janne , Kwong Joey S. W. , Okumura Akiko , Zhou Qi , Yang Kehu , Norris Susan L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Public or patient versions of guidelines (PVGs) are derivative documents that “translate” recommendations and their rationale from clinical guidelines for health professionals into a more easily understandable and usable format for patients and the public. PVGs from different groups and organizations vary considerably in terms of quality of their reporting. In order to address this issue, we aimed to develop a reporting checklist for developers of PVGs and other potential users.

Methods
First, we collected a list of potential items through reviewing a sample of PVGs, existing guidance for developing and reporting PVGs or other similar evidence-based patient tools, as well as qualitative studies on original studies of patients’ needs about the content and/or reporting of information in PVGs or similar evidence-based patient tools. Second, we conducted a two-round Delphi consultation to determine the level of consensus on the items to be included in the final reporting checklist. Third, we invited two external reviewers to provide comments on the checklist.

Results
We generated the initial list of 45 reporting items based on a review of a sample of 30 PVGs, four PVG guidance documents, and 46 relevant studies. After the two-round Delphi consultation, we formed a checklist of 17 items grouped under 12 topics for reporting PVGs.

Conclusion
The RIGHT-PVG reporting checklist provides an international consensus on the important criteria for reporting PVGs.
Establishment and assessment of a nomogram for predicting blood transfusion risk in posterior lumbar spinal fusion
Authors: Wang Haosheng , Wang Kai , Lv Bin , Xu Haotian , Jiang Weibo , Zhao Jianwu , Kang Mingyang , Dong Rongpeng , Qu Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and develop a nomogram for blood transfusions after posterior lumbar spinal fusion (PSL).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-center study based on 885 patients receiving PSL, and data was obtained from May 2015 to September 2019. Univariable and multivariable logistics regression analysis were conducted to identify risk factors for blood transfusion, and a nomogram was constructed to individually evaluate the risk of blood transfusion. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness were validated by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC), C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis, respectively. Bootstrapping validation was performed to assess the performance of the model.ResultsOf 885 patients, 885 were enrolled in the final study population, and 289 received blood transfusion. Statistical analyses showed that low preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), longer time to surgery, operative time, levels of fusion > 1, longer surgery duration, and higher total intraoperative blood loss (IBL) were the risk factors for transfusion. The C-index was 0.898 (95% CI 0.847–0.949) in this dataset and 0.895 in bootstrapping validation, respectively. Calibration curve showed satisfied discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) shown that the nomogram was clinical utility.ConclusionsIn summary, we investigated the relationship between the blood transfusion requirement and predictors: levels of fusion, operative time, time to surgery, total intraoperative EBL, and preoperative Hb level. Our nomogram with a robust performance in the assessment of risk of transfusion can contribute to clinicians in making clinical decision. However, external validation is still needed in the further.