bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid whole genome characterization of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens using long-read sequencing to identify potential healthcare transmission
Authors: Wu Chin-Ting , Shropshire William C. , Bhatti Micah M , Cantu Sherry , Glover Israel K , Anand Selvalakshmi Selvaraj , Liu Xiaojun , Kalia Awdhesh , Treangen Todd J. , Chemaly Roy F , Spallone Amy , Shelburne Samuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjective:Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can help identify transmission of pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, the current gold standard of short-read, Illumina-based WGS is labor and time intensive. Given recent improvements in long-read Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing, we sought to establish a low resource approach providing accurate WGS-pathogen comparison within a time frame allowing for infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions.Methods:WGS was prospectively performed on pathogens at increased risk of potential healthcare transmission using the ONT MinION sequencer with R10.4.1 flow cells and Dorado basecaller. Potential transmission was assessed via Ridom SeqSphere+ for core genome multilocus sequence typing and MINTyper for reference-based core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms using previously published cutoff values. The accuracy of our ONT pipeline was determined relative to Illumina.Results:Over a six-month period, 242 bacterial isolates from 216 patients were sequenced by a single operator. Compared to the Illumina gold standard, our ONT pipeline achieved a mean identity score of Q60 for assembled genomes, even with a coverage rate as low as 40×. The mean time from initiating DNA extraction to complete analysis was 2 days (IQR 2–3.25 days). We identified five potential transmission clusters comprising 21 isolates (8.7% of sequenced strains). Integrating ONT with epidemiological data, >70% (15/21) of putative transmission cluster isolates originated from patients with potential healthcare transmission links.Conclusions:Via a stand-alone ONT pipeline, we detected potentially transmitted HAI pathogens rapidly and accurately, aligning closely with epidemiological data. Our low-resource method has the potential to assist in IPC efforts.
Private funding, party politics and regulatory change: how the British Conservative Party prospered under Labour's political finance reforms
Authors: Wilks-Heeg Stuart , Hopkin Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Before 2000, the UK operated one of the most liberal political finance regimes of any established democracy. Parties were highly dependent on private financing, state funding was minimal, limited transparency requirements existed with respect to party income or expenditure, and no limits applied to national election spending. Far-reaching reforms introduced by Labour in 2000 changed this regulatory environment radically, establishing donation disclosure requirements and capping election spending. However, Labour's reforms did not include significant increases in state funding, leaving the UK as a continued outlier in Western Europe in assuming political parties should predominantly be funded through private means. In this paper, we show how the Conservatives ultimately prospered under Labour's reforms, enabling them to greatly outspend Labour at four general elections from 2010 to 2019. Using the public registers created by Labour's reforms, we document how the party's financial re-stabilisation while in opposition was assisted to a surprising degree by state funding and how the party's donor base has shifted towards wealthy individuals and privately owned companies since its return to government in 2010. We conclude with a number of observations about how the apparently exceptional UK case can help generate important insights for the comparative study of political finance.
Signposting the Meschita: Palermo's medieval Jewish quarter as a site of memory
Authors: Wyer Sean Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Street signs in Italian, Hebrew and Arabic, installed in the twenty-first century, mark Palermo's former Jewish quarter, over half a millennium since Sicily last had a substantial Jewish population. They recall a medieval Jewish minority, but also symbolise what some consider to be Palermo's essentially pluralistic character. What motivates this inchoate revival of ‘Jewish space’, and what does it mean for contemporary Palermo? ‘Rebranding’ Palermo as a crossroads of civilisations encourages tourism, but this alone does not explain the re-evaluation of its multi-religious heritage. Palermo is an often-overlooked case study for the contemporary emergence of Jewish ‘sites of memory’. Using a micro-scale ethnographic study to analyse a narrative rooted in history, I show how the ‘rediscovery’ of Jewish history can have multiple catalysts. In Palermo, these include a Europe-wide interest in ‘things Jewish’, and Sicily's increasing religious diversity in the present.
BIGNESS OF THE TANGENT BUNDLE OF A FANO THREEFOLD WITH PICARD NUMBER TWO
Authors: KIM HOSUNG , KIM JEONG-SEOP , LEE YONGNAM 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the positivity property of the tangent bundle

$T_X$

of a Fano threefold X with Picard number

$2$

. We determine the bigness of the tangent bundle of the whole

$36$

deformation types. Our result shows that

$T_X$

is big if and only if

$(-K_X)^3\ge 34$

. As a corollary, we prove that the tangent bundle is not big when X has a standard conic bundle structure with non-empty discriminant. Our main methods are to produce irreducible effective divisors on

${\mathbb {P}}(T_X)$

constructed from the total dual VMRT associated to a family of rational curves. Additionally, we present some criteria to determine the bigness of

$T_X$

.
THE DECOMPOSITION OF PERMUTATION MODULE FOR INFINITE CHEVALLEY GROUPS, II
Authors: DONG JUNBIN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Let

$\mathbf {G}$

be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field

$\Bbbk $

and

${\mathbf B}$

be a Borel subgroup of

${\mathbf G}$

. In this paper, we completely determine the composition factors of the permutation module

$\mathbb {F}[{\mathbf G}/{\mathbf B}]$

for any field

$\mathbb {F}$

.
Multilanguage Word Embeddings for Social Scientists: Estimation, Inference, and Validation Resources for 157 Languages
Authors: Wirsching Elisa M. , Rodriguez Pedro L. , Spirling Arthur , Stewart Brandon M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Word embeddings are now a vital resource for social science research. However, obtaining high-quality training data for non-English languages can be difficult, and fitting embeddings therein may be computationally expensive. In addition, social scientists typically want to make statistical comparisons and do hypothesis tests on embeddings, yet this is nontrivial with current approaches. We provide three new data resources designed to ameliorate the union of these issues: (1) a new version of fastText model embeddings, (2) a multilanguage “a la carte” (ALC) embedding version of the fastText model, and (3) a multilanguage ALC embedding version of the well-known GloVe model. All three are fit to Wikipedia corpora. These materials are aimed at “low-resource” settings where the analysts lack access to large corpora in their language of interest or to the computational resources required to produce high-quality vector representations. We make these resources available for 40 languages, along with a code pipeline for another 117 languages available from Wikipedia corpora. We extensively validate the materials via reconstruction tests and other proofs-of-concept. We also conduct human crowdworker tests for our embeddings for Arabic, French, (traditional Mandarin) Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, and Spanish. Finally, we offer some advice to practitioners using our resources.
Using decision analysis to develop a framework for nest protection for threatened birds
Authors: Tripovich Joy. S. , Walshe Terry , Elphinstone Andrew , Ingwersen Dean , Roderick Mick , Pitcher Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The regent honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia is a Critically Endangered Australian songbird, with current population estimates of < 300 individuals remaining in the wild. Low nest success is a factor preventing the recovery of the population, and management remedies are needed. However, a lack of data on intervention success raises uncertainty and impedes planning. To identify management priorities under uncertainty, we engaged with conservation practitioners and key stakeholders to develop and evaluate potential nest protection interventions. Four categories of threats were considered: avian predators, mammalian predators, extreme weather events and avian competitors. The interventions with the highest predicted probabilities of nest success under each threat category were, respectively: lethal control of avian predators, the use of tree collars to control arboreal mammalian predators, the provisioning of supplementary food and nesting resources during extreme weather events, and control of the noisy miner Manorina melanocephala, a competitor species. Our analysis shows that by applying a combination of conservation actions alongside improvements in nest detection, it is possible, based on the opinion of experts, to provide a pathway for the recovery of the regent honeyeater.
Cognitive skills differentially influence narrative macrostructure in bilinguals’ L1 and L2
Authors: Tselekidou Freideriki , Stadtmiller Elizabeth , Süss Assunta , Lindner Katrin , Gagarina Natalia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explored cognitive effects on narrative macrostructure in both languages of 38 Russian-German bilinguals aged 4;6 to 5;1‚ while controlling for demographic factors (sex, socioeconomic status) and language proficiency. Macrostructure was operationalised as story structure (SS) and story complexity (SC) using the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives. Nonverbal cognitive subtasks assessing shifting (Figure Ground), visual memory (Form Completion), and inhibition (Attention Divided) were administered. None of the cognitive skills influenced SS; however, they differentially impacted SC: Figure Ground affected Russian SC, while Form Completion affected German SC. Findings advance our understanding of how cognition affects oral narratives in bilingual preschoolers.
Profiling local chroniclers in the early modern Low Countries
Authors: Kuijpers Erika , Lenarduzzi Carolina , Pollmann Judith , Dekker Theo , Lassche Alie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Early modern local chronicles are a largely neglected, yet stable genre of texts that can be used for comparative research over time and space. The NWO-funded research project Chronicling Novelty (2018–24) investigated the reception of new media and new knowledge among early modern chroniclers in the Low Countries. For this purpose, we created a digitized corpus of 204 Dutch-language chronicles from the period 1500–1850. This article presents the methodological decisions made in creating this corpus and their implications for its representativeness. The second part examines the social, religious and political profile of the chroniclers: who wrote chronicles and what does this reveal about chronicling as a cultural and social practice? Particularly interesting in this respect is how the chroniclers’ strong involvement in local public affairs authorized their chronicling practices, and vice versa.
A novel microfluidic device for human sperm separation based on rheotaxis
Authors: Heidarnejad Alireza , Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Arasteh Saeid , Ghiass Mohammad Adel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the efficacy of a novel microfluidic device in isolating rheotactic sperm and assesses their advantages compared with other motile sperm. Two microfluidic devices were used in this study: the microfluidic device we designed to separate sperm based on rheotaxis and a simple passive microfluidic device. We compared the results with the density gradient centrifugation technique. Sperm attributes including concentration, morphology, viability and motility were assessed using related procedures. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance. Results showed differences in sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality using different sperm separation techniques. The sperms separated using our microfluidic device demonstrated the highest motilities, normal morphology percentages and higher sperm vitality but significantly lower sperm concentrations. These findings suggest the potential of our microfluidic design in enhancing sperm quality. Our findings are in agreement with previous research, emphasizing the capability of microfluidics in enhancing sperm quality. Specifically, our designed microfluidic device exhibited exceptional efficacy in isolating highly motile sperm, a critical factor for successful fertilization.
Assessment of the expression levels of two long non-coding RNAs, lnc-CYP11A1-1 and RP11573D15.8, in human aneuploid and euploid embryos
Authors: Marshall Benedict , Aytacoglu Hakan , Coban Onder , Tulay Pinar 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Introduction: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subset of RNA molecules that have been shown to be involved in gene regulation. A lot of different pathways are involved during gametogenesis and any disturbance to these pathways may have a derogatory impact on producing a haploid gamete and thus a euploid embryo. Steroidogenesis pathway plays a crucial role in gametogenesis. The purpose of this work was to quantify the levels of lnc-CYP11A1-1 and RP11573D15.8 expression levels in aneuploid and euploid embryos. Materials and methods: A total of 20 surplus human embryos, of which 10 euploid and ten aneuploid embryos, were collected from an IVF centre. The expression levels of two lncRNAs, which have been hypothesized to regulate expression of CYP11A1, were evaluated in these embryos. RNA was extracted and used to synthesize cDNA for the experiments. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expression levels of each lncRNA in aneuploid and euploid embryos, respectively. Results and discussion: This study shows that lnc-CYP11A1-1 was more expressed in aneuploid than in euploid embryos. RP11-573D15.8 is expressed more in aneuploid embryos than in euploid ones. The results for RP11-573D15.8 were statistically significant with a p-value of 0.02 (less than the standard threshold of p 0.05), whereas the results for lnc-CYP11A1-1 were not statistically significant with a p-value of 0.07 (greater than the standard threshold of p 0.05). Thus, the result of this study demonstrates that lncRNAs may have a role in gametogenesis and formation of aneuploid gametes.
Gender disparities in the prevalence of undernutrition in India: the unexplored effects of drinking contaminated water
Authors: Aggarwal Khushboo , Barua Rashmi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Stunting, a manifestation of chronic malnutrition, is widespread in India. This, coupled with biased preferences of parents towards their eldest sons, has led to stunting and underweight among girls that grows sharply with increasing birth order. We study the impact of an environmental water pollutant on child growth outcomes in arsenic contaminated regions of India. Using a large, nationally representative household survey and exploiting variation in soil textures across districts as an instrument for arsenic, we find that arsenic exposure beyond the safe threshold level is negatively associated with height-for-age and weight-for-age. Negative effects are larger for girls who are born at higher birth orders relative to the eldest. This, we argue, suggests that the lack of adequate nutrition and health care during early childhood can make girls more vulnerable to external environmental hazards due to their lower immunity and underdeveloped bodies.
Brotherly diplomacy: on the Kitan–Mongol model of pseudo-kinship and the origins of the Kitan emperors’ fictive kinship with Chinese rulers
Authors: Dupuis Adrien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Evidence shows that tenth- and eleventh-century Kitan (Liao) emperors used pseudo-kinship to cement diplomatic relations with foreign powers as well as for internal affairs. Similarities between this practice and twelfth- and thirteenth-century Mongol anda (sworn friendship) were previously highlighted by Wang Guowei but have yet to be the focus of further study. Kitan emperors used pseudo-kinship as a preferred political tool to establish alliances and reinforce their position in both external and domestic policies. A comparison of Kitan and Mongol traditions also shows a high degree of similarity. However, although they share concepts of sworn friendship and common oath rituals, the establishment of pseudo-kinship occurred in different contexts and often for different purposes. This article attempts to show that Kitan rulers successfully continued the pseudo-kinship diplomacy that existed since the Tang between the hegemons of the steppe and the Central Plain. They achieved this by making regular use of pseudo-kinship diplomacy, in addition to seeking ways to make the practice more acceptable to the Chinese court. These adaptations included a progressive estrangement of diplomatic pseudo-kinship from its original form, casting away oath rituals and adopting a new system of kinship terms.
Rights-informed mass grave mapping
Authors: Klinkner Melanie , Smith Ellie , Harris Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMapping of human rights abuses and international crimes is an increasingly common tool to evidence, preserve and visualise information. This paper asks, what does rights-informed mapping in the context of mass graves look like? What are the rights concerned and allied goals, and how might these practicably apply during a pilot study? The study offers an analysis of the goals and benefits espoused to accrue to mapping and documentation efforts, as well as an explication of rights arising when engaging with mass graves. Our findings underscore the imperative of understanding the full ramifications of the applicable context, in our case the life-cycle of mass graves. This will bring to the fore the rights engaged with the subject as well as the challenges with data points, collation and reporting as experienced in a pilot (Ukraine) where realities on the ground are not static but remain in flux.
The Semidiurnal Tidal Response of the Low Latitude Ionosphere to Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex Strength (2020–2023) From COSMIC‐2 Global Ionospheric Specification
Authors: Aggarwal Deepali , Oberheide Jens , Pedatella Nicholas , Martinez Benjamin C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the day‐to‐day global tidal variability in the ionosphere/thermosphere system due to fluctuations in the strength of the northern hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex. Using COSMIC‐2 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2) Global Ionospheric Specification data, ionospheric tides are derived, with the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index indicating polar vortex variability. The semidiurnal migrating solar tide shows the largest response, with relative electron density in the F‐region significantly higher ( 60%) under a weak vortex and lower ( 20%) under a strong vortex, correlated at −0.58 with the NAM index. The study compares solar/geomagnetic forcing and vortex impacts using SD‐WACCM‐X (Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension) model runs. Findings suggest tidal modulation of the E‐region dynamo as the coupling mechanism. Our study can potentially improve ionospheric space weather predictability because the NAM index can be known a few days in advance.
Seasonal and Altitude Dependence of Thermospheric Metastable Helium Densities Measured by Fluorescence Lidar
Authors: Geach C. , Kaifler B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAirglow originating from metastable helium He(S) at 1,083 nm has been used to study the upper thermosphere since its discovery in 1959, yielding insights into, for example, solar EUV intensities and thermospheric photoelectron densities. For over 6 decades, these measurements were made passively, relying on solar illumination of the He(S) layer to produce a detectable signal, resulting in a column integration of the He(S) layer. Recently, the first height‐resolved measurements of He(S) density were made by fluorescence lidar, opening a new window for studying the upper thermosphere. We report on a series of 51 measurements by this instrument spanning an entire winter season and extending to an altitude of 1,000 km, revealing a broad He(S) layer that peaks at higher altitudes than previously expected.
Simulation for the Calibration of Radiation Housekeeping Monitor Onboard BepiColombo/MMO and Application to the Inner Heliosphere Exploration
Authors: Kinoshita G. , Ueno H. , Murakami G. , Pinto M. , Yoshioka K. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough primarily a housekeeping instrument for measuring ambient radiation, the Solar Particle Monitor (SPM) onboard BepiColombo can measure high‐energy particles, making it useful for observing phenomena such as galactic cosmic rays and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs). However, it only records time‐series data of particle energy loss and counts, which requires characterization by radiation simulation for scientific analysis. In this study, a physical model of the SPM was constructed using the “Geant4” radiation simulation toolkit to investigate its response to charged particles. The probability density functions were derived from the response functions to indicate the proportion of particles in each energy range among the SPM counts. Finally, we inverse‐calculated the flux from the counts in the corresponding energy ranges. We applied this method to data from the terrestrial radiation belt and SEPs in March 2022. The results agreed with the empirical radiation belt model and another instrument onboard BepiColombo, demonstrating the validity of the method. This study highlights the potential for scientific applications of housekeeping instruments and suggests the broader use of similar methods on other missions for expanding inner heliosphere multi‐point exploration.
Observations of a Throat Aurora Directly Driven by Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jet
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Han Desheng , Chen Xiangcai , Shi Run , Teng Shangchun , Zhang Jian , Liu Jianjun , Zhang Qiang , Qiu Huixuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThroat aurora, characterized as an auroral structure bulging out from equatorward boundary of the auroral oval, has been confirmed to correspond to magnetopause crack. Previous studies suggested that the occurrence of throat aurora is influenced by both magnetospheric internal and external factors. It remains unclear if a single external factor, like a magnetosheath high‐speed jet (HSJ), can directly drive throat aurora or not. Through coordinated magnetosheath and ground‐based observations, we have established a reliable connection between throat auroras observed on the ground and successive HSJs observed in the magnetosheath, suggesting that HSJ can indeed directly induce throat aurora. Upon further investigation, we found that this HSJ‐induced throat aurora exhibited highly dynamic properties with a shorter duration compared to previously reported convection‐aligned long‐duration throat auroras. These findings suggest the involvement of distinct mechanisms in throat aurora generation, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive classification to better comprehend this phenomenon.