bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Alcian Blue Enhances the Intraoperative Diagnosis of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Khoury Thaer , Malik Deborah , Fan Cathy , Tan Dongfeng , Kulkarni Swati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The sensitivity of an intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma using conventional staining is low.
Objective.—To develop a fast, modified, Alcian blue stain to decrease the intraoperative false-negative results in testing for metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma.
Design.—Modified Alcian blue was optimized. Patients who had invasive lobular carcinoma on needle biopsy were candidates for this study. Touch preparations from every sentinel lymph node were prospectively prepared in the same manner, one stained with modified Alcian blue and one with conventional staining. These slides were independently interpreted.
Results.—A total of 121 sentinel lymph nodes from 31 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma were studied. There were 11 patients (35.5%) who had at least one positive lymph node test result. There were a total of 18 positive lymph node results (14.9%). Although 10 sentinel lymph nodes with abnormalities were detected in 7 patients with conventional staining, modified Alcian blue detected 15 sentinel lymph node abnormalities in 10 patients. Modified Alcian blue increased the sensitivity compared with conventional staining from 63.6% to 90.9% (calculated based on the number of patients) and from 55.6% to 83.3% (calculated based on number of sentinel lymph nodes). The staining process takes approximately 11 minutes.
Conclusions.—Modified Alcian blue stain is a relatively rapid, cheap, highly sensitive, and specific method of detecting metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma. This method can be used in conjunction with conventional staining methods used intraoperatively.
Sarcomatoid Neoplasms of the Lung and Pleura
Authors: Travis William D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSarcomatoid neoplasms of the lung and pleura are rare tumors that present a complex differential diagnosis, making them challenging for surgical pathologists. In the lung, the main tumors are the sarcomatoid carcinomas, including pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pulmonary blastoma. They are characterized by histologic heterogeneity; molecular data support their origin from a pluripotent stem cell that undergoes neoplastic transformation with divergent epithelial and sarcomatous differentiation. Diagnosis is difficult in small biopsy specimens and typically requires a resection specimen. Despite the presence of sarcomatoid features, these tumors are classified as lung carcinomas. Pulmonary blastomas must be distinguished from pleuropulmonary blastomas, which are a unique type of thoracic sarcoma typically occurring in young children. In the pleura, the main tumors to consider are the sarcomatoid and desmoplastic types of malignant mesothelioma, solitary fibrous tumor, and desmoid tumor. While light microscopy is sufficient to diagnose most of these tumors, immunohistochemistry can be useful in selected settings. In particular, it can aid to confirm epithelial differentiation in spindle cell carcinomas and the presence of rhabdomyosarcoma in sarcomatoid carcinomas, mesotheliomas, or pleuropulmonary blastomas. For sarcomatoid and desmoplastic mesothelioma, keratin is the most useful stain because it can highlight invasive growth and mesothelial markers are positive in only the minority of cases. Clinical and radiologic correlation is needed to separate some pleomorphic carcinomas with pleural involvement from sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, since these poorly differentiated tumors may not express the usual immunohistochemical markers for carcinoma or mesothelioma.
International Internet-Based Assessment of Observer Variability for Diagnostically Challenging Endometrial Biopsies
Authors: Marotti Jonathan D , Glatz Katharina , Parkash Vinita , Hecht Jonathan L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Endometrial carcinoma of endometrioid histology is frequently preceded by endometrial hyperplasia, from which localized, premalignant lesions called endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) emerge. Diagnostic criteria for EIN have been developed by histopathologic correlation with clinical outcome, molecular changes, and objective computerized histomorphometry. However, several benign mimics of EIN continue to cause diagnostic confusion.
Objective.—To better understand the diagnostic pitfalls of EIN.
Design.—An online quiz of 18 endometrial biopsies considered difficult by a gynecologic pathologist was constructed. Each case contained clinical history and at least 2 microscopic images. Answer choices included the following: (1) EIN, (2) polyp, (3) benign endometrium (proliferative, secretory, disordered, tubal metaplasia, and lower uterine segment), and (4) adenocarcinoma. Online tutorials were offered at the start, and the authors' diagnosis and clinical follow-up were provided at the end.
Results.—The quiz was completed by 78 participants from 13 countries. Agreement with the authors ranged from 17% to 100% (mean, 55%). For analysis, polyp and benign responses were grouped. The mean percentage of agreement was highest in cases of polyp with no special features (88%), tubal metaplasia (87%), and secretory change (75%). Poorer agreement was seen with cases containing mucinous metaplasia (38%), extensive morular metaplasia (28%), and EIN arising in a polyp (53%). The mean percentage of agreement for EIN without these features was 63%.
Conclusions.—Although the reproducibility of EIN criteria was good, a subset of biopsies with morular metaplasia and EIN in polyps was problematic and likely required consensus review.
Nevus/Melanocytoma/Melanoma: An Emerging Paradigm for Classification of Melanocytic Neoplasms?
Authors: Zembowicz Artur , Scolyer Richard A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Until recently, the prevailing paradigm in classification and clinical management of melanocytic proliferations mandated dichotomous classification of all melanocytic lesions as either entirely benign (nevus) or entirely malignant (melanoma). However, some diagnostically challenging lesions cannot be unequivocally classified as nevus or melanoma by histologic evaluation of the primary tumor. Such lesions have been referred to as borderline or melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential.
Objective.—To review and update the problem of diagnostically difficult melanocytic proliferations and recent concepts regarding borderline melanocytic tumors.
Data Sources.—Published literature and personal experience of the authors.
Conclusions.—Preliminary evidence indicates that it may be appropriate to expand the classification scheme of melanocytic neoplasms to include a third diagnostic category of melanocytic lesions of intermediate malignant potential that are capable of metastasis to regional lymph nodes but have limited potential for distant spread. We propose the term melanocytoma for this group of lesions. We believe that a nevus/melanocytoma/melanoma paradigm may provide a useful intellectual framework to understand, research, and clinically manage borderline melanocytic tumors.
Best Practices in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Myoepithelial Markers in Breast Pathology
Authors: Dewar Rajan , Fadare Oluwole , Gilmore Hannah , Gown Allen M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Numerous immunohistochemical stains have been shown to exhibit exclusive or preferential positivity in breast myoepithelial cells relative to their luminal/epithelial counterparts. These myoepithelial markers provide invaluable assistance in accurately classifying breast proliferations, especially in core biopsies. Although numerous myoepithelial markers are available, they differ in their sensitivity, specificity, and ease of interpretation, which may be attributed, to a large extent, to the variable immunoreactivity of these markers in stromal cells including myofibroblasts, vessels, luminal/epithelial cells, and tumor cells.
Objective.—To review commonly used myoepithelial markers in breast pathology and a selection of diagnostic scenarios where they may be useful.
Data Sources.—The information outlined in this review article is based on our experiences with routine cases and a review of English-language articles published between 1987 and 2008.
Conclusions.—To demonstrate the presence or absence of myoepithelial cells, a panel-based approach of 2 or more markers is recommended. Markers that most effectively combine sensitivity, specificity, and ease of interpretation include smooth muscle myosin heavy chains, calponin, p75, p63, P-cadherin, basal cytokeratins, maspin, and CD10. These markers, however, display varying cross-reactivity patterns and variably reduced expression in the myoepithelial cells bordering in situ carcinomas. The choice of a myoepithelial marker should be dependent on a combination of factors, including published evidence on its diagnostic utility, its availability, performance characteristics that have been achieved in a given laboratory, and the specific diagnostic scenario. When its use is deemed necessary, immunohistochemistry for myoepithelial cells in breast pathology is most effective when conceptualized as supplemental, rather than central to routine morphologic interpretation.
Molecular Signatures of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hong Seung-Mo , Park Jason Y. , Hruban Ralph H. , Goggins Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—The introduction of genome- and epigenome-wide screening techniques has dramatically improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of pancreatic cancer. There are now 3 recognized histologic precursors of pancreatic cancer: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm. Each of these precursor lesions is associated with specific molecular alterations.Objective.—To understand the molecular characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions.Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine).Conclusions.—In this review, we briefly summarize recent research findings on the genetics and epigenetics of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we characterize these molecular alterations in the context of the histologic subtypes of pancreatic cancer.
Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer: The Journey From Traditional Practice Toward Embracing the Complexity of a Molecular Classification
Authors: Gruver Aaron M. , Portier Bryce P. , Tubbs Raymond R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Adenocarcinoma of the breast is the most frequent cancer affecting women in both developed and developing regions of the world. From the moment of clinical presentation until the time of pathologic diagnosis, patients affected by this disease will face daunting questions related to prognosis and treatment options. While improvements in targeted therapies have led to increased patient survival, these same advances have created the imperative to accurately stratify patients to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. In this evolving era of personalized medicine, there is an ever-increasing need to overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic practice.Objective.—To summarize the molecular diagnostics traditionally used to guide prognostication and treatment of breast carcinomas, to highlight published data on the molecular classification of these tumors, and to showcase molecular assays that will supplement traditional methods of categorizing the disease.Data Sources.—A review of the literature covering the molecular diagnostics of breast carcinomas with a focus on the gene expression and array studies used to characterize the molecular signatures of the disease. Special emphasis is placed on summarizing evolving technologies useful in the diagnosis and characterization of breast carcinoma.Conclusions.—Available and emerging molecular resources will allow pathologists to provide superior diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information about individual breast carcinomas. These advances should translate into earlier identification and tailored therapy and should ultimately improve outcome for patients affected by this disease.
Acceptability of a physiotherapeutic pain school treatment in trauma-affected populations in the Middle Eastern & Northern African region
Authors: Karrer Anne-Mette , Viller Hansen Ane Kirstine , Nordin Linda , Oestergaard Marie-Louise Drivsholm 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a physiotherapeutic pain treatment (Pain School), focusing on patient education, physical exercises and self-reliance, and a capacity building program developed for MENA based physiotherapists working with pain and trauma-affected populations.Method: The perceived benefits and challenges of the physiotherapy Pain School treatment were evaluated through qualitative interviews with seven physiotherapists participating in the Pain School training program. The acceptability and feasibility of the treatment manual and training program of the physiotherapists was evaluated. The preliminary results of the Pain School treatment were also analyzed with a paired-sample t-test pre- and post-treatment in 38 patients suffering from persistent pain and trauma-related stress in the MENA region.
Results: The qualitative analysis showed good feasibility and high acceptance among the participating physiotherapists of this physiotherapeutic treatment and training program. The pre- to post-treatment evaluation of Pain School, also gave an indication of positive treatment effects. Monitoring and evaluation of treatment was found useful, but indications of mental health status were evaluated to be missing. Due to other limitations, such as author biases (authors carrying out training, interviews and analyzing qualitative results) and no control group, the results from this study do not provide a final conclusion on the training program nor treatment effects. Nevertheless, this study is an important first step to offer evidence-based standardized treatment for pain and trauma-affected populations in the MENA region.
An Adrift Community in Mainstream Bangladesh: Case of Tea Workers
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Sarker Dipta , Ahmed Jasim Uddin , Majumder Kausar Ahmed , Kabir Md. Faizul 
Published: February 2021

This research was conducted to analyze the status of tea workers of selected areas of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through direct interview and secondary data were also collected from different sources. A total of 100 tea workers were randomly selected from Ootterbhag and Indanugger tea estate of Moulvibazar. Descriptive statistics and functional analyses were employed to achieve the objectives of the research. Risk facing index, food security index, food consumption score were calculated and binary logistic regression were carried out to identify the factors affecting food security status. The study revealed that the life of tea workers in selected areas are vulnerable. Wages are not adequate to meet basic needs and the wage raises are not keeping pace with the cost of living. Considering 4.51 average family member the respondent family household is far below the international poverty line (1.90 US$). It was observed from the analysis that 52% sample respondents were illiterate. However, the maximum respondents also agreed that they faced various psychological, mechanical and biological hazards. Household calorie availability or consumption behavior was revealed by food consumption score, which exemplified that 49% respondents are in borderline food consumption pattern while 5% and 46% are in poor and acceptable level respectively. The overall average daily per capita calorie intake by tea workers was observed to be 2076.3996 kilo calorie, which is lower than the national average of Bangladesh. Only 35% household were food secure based on calorie intake. Household was food insecure if number of dependent persons in family increases; food secure with increase in household monthly income; and household food security decreases with increase in household size.
Skill Improvement Efforts in Ensemble Learning by Using Snake’s Singer in Taruna Nusantara Senior High School
Authors: Lakusa Nicholas Ferdeta , Astuti Kun Setyaning 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The objective of this research was to investigate and analyze a programme model called Snake’s Singer to improve the ensemble skills of 10th grade matriculation-class students of SMA Taruna Nusantara.
Study Design: The design of this research is classroom action research.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at Taruna Nusantara Senior High School, Magelang, Indonesia on November 16 - December 5, 2020. This research was conducted at Taruna Nusantara Senior High School. The implementation of activities is 60 minutes in 6 meetings on November - December 2020.
Methodology: This type of classroom action research is carried out in two cycles; each cycle consists of 4 stages (planning, implementing the action, observing and reflecting). The data collection technique used the performance test by assessing the TIPPS (Tone, Intonation, Phrasing, Precision, and Style) aspects. Descriptive statistics is used to analyze the data.
Results: The result shows that there is an improvement in students' musical instrument playing skills. This is proven by the increase of the average score achieved by students as followed 64.3 for pre-cycle, 73.8 for cycle I, and 81.1 for cycle II.
Yield Attributing Characters and Yield of Mungbean Crop as Affected by Phosphorus, PSB, and Vermicompost
Authors: Shamsurahman . , Singh S. B. , Singh Amit Kumar , Tiwari J. K. , Singh Virendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Pulses cover a vast area of the Bundelkhand (UP) and Mungbean is prominent among the pulse crops and it is grown on a larger scale using local varieties entirely in dryland conditions and on residual soil moisture and fertility. In Bundelkhand, farmers grow the crops traditionally and without considering the scientific recommendations. Inorganic fertilizers (synthetic) are an important source of plant nutrients but their continuous and injudicious use posing health and environmental complications. Minimum use of inorganic sources of nutrients and rely on integrated nutrient management is the way to tackle the health and environmental issues due to imbalance and excessive use of inorganic nutrients. Phosphorus, PSB and vermicompost are found to play very important role in boosting the yield of legume crops. This research is, therefore, taken into account to evaluate the response of Mungbean crop to phosphorus, PSB, and vermicompost. The leguminous crops require more phosphorus as it is required for energy transformation in nodules. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is assumed to have greater significance because it helps to convert insoluble organic phosphates into simple and soluble forms. Vermicompost is a better and rich source of N, P, K, and micronutrients. Besides, containing a good proportion of exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, etc., vermicompost enhances organic carbon to the soil and meagerly helps to release of nutrients and in turn uptake is improved. A field experiment was performed during Kharif season, 2019 at Agriculture Farm of Banda University of Agriculture and Technology Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Results of the study reveals that the basal applications of 75 kg DAP, 5 t Vermicompost (VC) ha-1 and seed treated by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) led to a significant increase in yield attributing characters and yield and gave by 22.57% more yield advantage than the farmer’s practice. However, the application of higher doses of DAP with VC and PSB gave luxuriant growth to the crop rather than increased yield.
Quality Status of Irrigation Water of Kaleshwaram Project Command Area of Nizamabad District in Telangana State
Authors: Prasad V. , Anjaiah T. , Pavanchandrareddy K. , Laxminarayana P. , Neelima T. L. 
Published: February 2021

The present study represents the quality of ground water from Kaleshwaram project command area of Nizamabad district of Telangana state, India during year 2019-2020. Total 72 ground water samples from bore wells were collected randomly from Nizamabad periodically in two seasons i.e. pre-monsoon season (May, 2019) and post-monsoon-season (January, 2020). The ground water samples were analyzed for quality parameters viz., pH, EC, cations, anions, boron. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Residual Sodium Carbonate were also calculated for these ground water samples. The results found that all ground water samples from Nizamabad district were neutral to alkaline in reaction and having pH 7.02 during pre-monsoon and 7.48 during post-monsoon season respectively. EC of these water were 1.23dSm-1 and 1.53dS m-1 during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Among 72 water samples as per salinity classification 2.8, 23.61, 69.44 and 4.17 per cent water samples during pre-monsoon and 0, 1.4, 90.30 and 8.33 per cent water samples during post-monsoon were categorized in class C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively. Among all the cations in ground water Calcium was dominant. Whereas anions CO3-2 + HCO3- are dominant. The boron concentration of ground water was ranged from 0.48 to 0.67 ppm during pre and post-monsoon, respectively. According to sodicity classes, i.e. SAR and RSC of ground waters were 100 and 47.22 per cent during pre-monsoon, 100 and 26.40 per cent during post-monsoon are suitable for irrigation. The positive significant correlation was observed between EC, cations of ground water.
Polyradical PROXYL/TEMPO Conjugates Connected by Ester/Amide Bridges: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Gurská Mária , Brezová Vlasta , Šalitroš Ivan , Švorc Ľubomír , Špánik Ivan , Moncoľ Ján , Pavlik Ján , Szolcsányi Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbstract: A series of di‐/trinitroxide esters and amides featuring PROXYL and/or TEMPO radicals connected with alicyclic bridges were prepared in 61–92 % yields and their properties were analysed by using multiple experimental techniques. The examination of EPR spectra of radicals in organic solvents augmented with DFT calculations brought valuable information on the conformational dynamics and spin exchange mechanisms. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed (quasi)reversible electrochemical behaviour of studied nitroxides with their half‐wave potentials ranging from −51 to −17 mV. SQUID measurements of selected radicals revealed that the magnetism of di‐ and trinitroxides is significantly different, since antiferromagnetic coupling in biradicals is notably larger than in triradicals. The single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of selected biradicals revealed the existence of 3D supramolecular networks of molecules linked through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. These polynitroxide radicals can serve as promising bridging or chelating ligands in the synthesis of transition‐metal‐based molecular magnets.