bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of loneliness among people with psychosis: Qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Lee Cheuk Ying , Ahmed Nafiso , Ikhtabi Sarah , Duffett Phoebe , Alhilow Yazan , Richardson Leonie , Pitman Alexandra , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Johnson Sonia 
Published: December 2024

Background
Loneliness can be a significant challenge for people living with psychosis. We currently lack evidence about how to help with this. Understanding the origins, experience, and impact of loneliness in this group is helpful in developing strategies to reduce it. We therefore aimed to conduct a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature exploring the nature of loneliness, and the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of loneliness, among people living with psychosis.

Methods
We searched four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science) for studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and appraised the quality of each eligible study using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. We conducted thematic synthesis to combine the included qualitative findings to generate key overarching themes.

Results
We included 41 articles and our analysis generated six meta-themes: (1) loneliness in the form of disconnection, (2) a rejecting and stigmatising external world, (3) loneliness and acute psychotic episodes and symptoms, (4) thwarted longing for connection, (5) paradoxes of loneliness and psychosis, and (6) well-being embedded in the social world. Our findings suggest a vicious cycle in which loneliness, psychosis and social withdrawal can be mutually reinforcing. Reciprocity of and continuity in relationships were valued by those with psychosis, while self-stigma and experiences of rejection appeared to exacerbate loneliness and impede recovery.

Conclusion
Our meta-synthesis offers insights into how people living with psychosis are affected by loneliness. Tailored interventions are needed, which should focus on supporting people in overcoming internal barriers to connection and low self-esteem, challenging stigma and self-stigma, and linking people to social support according to needs and preferences.
Exploring determinant factors influencing muscle quality and sarcopenia in Bilbao’s older adult population through machine learning: A comprehensive analysis approach
Authors: Virto Naiara , Dequin Danielle Marie , Río Xabier , Méndez-Zorrilla Amaia , García-Zapirain Begoña 
Published: December 2024

Background
Sarcopenia and reduced muscle quality index have garnered special attention due to their prevalence among older individuals and the adverse effects they generate. Early detection of these geriatric pathologies holds significant potential, enabling the implementation of interventions that may slow or reverse their progression, thereby improving the individual’s overall health and quality of life. In this context, artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities to identify the key identifying factors of these pathologies, thus facilitating earlier intervention and personalized treatment approaches.

Objectives
investigate anthropomorphic, functional, and socioeconomic factors associated with muscle quality and sarcopenia using machine learning approaches and identify key determinant factors for their potential future integration into clinical practice.

Methods
A total of 1253 older adults (89.5% women) with a mean age of 78.13 ± 5.78 voluntarily participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study, which examines determining factors in sarcopenia and MQI using machine learning techniques. Feature selection was completed using a variety of techniques and feature datasets were constructed according to feature selection. Three machine learning classification algorithms classified sarcopenia and MQI in each dataset, and the performance of classification models was compared.

Results
The predictive models used in this study exhibited AUC scores of 0.7671 for MQI and 0.7649 for sarcopenia, with the most successful algorithms being SVM and MLP. Key factors in predicting both conditions have been shown to be relative power, age, weight, and the 5STS. No single factor is sufficient to predict either condition, and by comprehensively considering all selected features, the study underscores the importance of a holistic approach in understanding and addressing sarcopenia and MQI among older adults.

Conclusions
Exploring the factors that affect sarcopenia and MQI in older adults, this study highlights that relative power, age, weight, and the 5STS are significant determinants. While considering these clinical markers and using a holistic approach, this can provide crucial information for designing personalized and effective interventions to promote healthy aging.
Identifying the NEAT1/miR-26b-5p/S100A2 axis as a regulator in Parkinson’s disease based on the ferroptosis-related genes
Authors: Li Taole , Guo Jifeng 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with unclear pathogenesis. Some recent studies have shown that there is a close relationship between PD and ferroptosis. We aimed to identify the ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks to further assess the pathogenesis of PD.

Methods
Expression of 97 substantia nigra (SN) samples were obtained and intersected with FRGs. Bioinformatics analysis, including the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), consensus cluster analysis, weight gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithms, were employed to assess the feasible differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Characteristic signature genes were used to create novel diagnostic models and construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network for PD, which were further verified by in vitro experiments and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Results
A total of 453 DEGs were identified and 11 FRGs were selected. We sorted the entire PD cohort into two subtypes based on the FRGs and obtained 67 hub genes. According to the five machine algorithms, 4 features (S100A2, GNGT1, NEUROD4, FCN2) were screened and used to create a PD diagnostic model. Corresponding miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted to construct a ceRNA network. The scRNA-seq and experimental results showed that the signature model had a certain diagnostic effect and lncRNA NEAT1 might regulate the progression of ferroptosis in PD via the NEAT1/miR-26b-5p/S100A2 axis.

Conclusion
The diagnostic signatures based on the four FRGs had certain diagnostic and individual effects. NEAT1/miR-26b-5p/S100A2 axis is associated with ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of PD. Our findings provide new solutions for treating PD.
Systemic immune inflammation index as a predictor of disease severity in tetanus patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Cheng Dai , Wenying Ding , Jizheng Huang , Wei Sun , Liang Li , Guolei Han , Hao Yang 
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for the severity of disease in tetanus patients.

Methods
Clinical data of 34 tetanus patients admitted to the Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022 were analyzed. Based on whether patients received intensive care unit (ICU) treatment after admission, the patients were divided into ICU and non-ICU groups. The diagnostic value of SII for the severity of tetanus was assessed.

Results
Among the 34 patients, 18 (52.90%) were classified into the ICU group, and 16 (47.10%) into the non-ICU group. There were statistically significant differences in white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil count, and SII between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that SII was a risk factor for tetanus patients requiring ICU treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) for SII predicting ICU treatment in tetanus patients was 0.896 (95% CI 0.790–1.000, P<0.001).

Conclusion
The SII can serve as an objective predictive indicator for tetanus patients requiring ICU treatment.
The influence of UV-visible light, microwave radiation, argon laser, and heating and aging processes on silicone oil utilized as intravitreal implants: Experimental exposure with clinical correlation
Authors: Al-Dwairi Rami , Ahmad Ahmad. A. , Aleshawi Abdelwahab , Al-Bataineh Qais M. , Bani-Salameh Areen , Aljarrah Ihsan A. , Al Beiruti Seren , Alhabachi Abdulrawof 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The emulsification of silicone oil (SO) remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the physical properties of unused pharmaceutical SO samples under various conditions. Moreover, clinical correlations with the patients’ SO samples were assessed.

Methods
Unused pharmaceutical ophthalmic SO samples and four explanted SO samples from previously vitrectomized patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were analyzed. To assess the stability of SO, the samples were exposed to UV light, visible light, a green argon laser, microwave radiation, heat, and were aged. Following exposure, the samples were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, optical transmittance and absorbance, and micro-viscometry measurements. Two patients underwent argon laser retinopexy while SO tamponaded the vitreous cavity postoperatively.

Results
The physical properties of SO exposed to heat, UV light, microwave radiation, and aging did not change. However, SO irradiated by the green argon laser demonstrated a significant breakdown of atomic bonding and a transmittance loss. These results are consistent with the analyses of SO samples provided by patients. In those who underwent laser retinopexy, the SO exhibited clinical emulsification necessitating earlier removal, which was confirmed by physical tests.

Conclusions
It may be postulated that patients exposed to the argon laser experienced more emulsification than the other two groups, leading to the earlier removal of the SO implants from the eyes. This investigation did not consider the biological effects of inflammatory biomarkers; however, it may provide valuable insights for optimizing the use of SO in ophthalmic surgery and other potential applications.
Reliability and validity of the original and brief German version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS): Longitudinal study findings
Authors: Lehnig Franziska , Linde Katja , Schmidt Viktoria , Nagl Michaela , Martini Julia , Stepan Holger , Kersting Anette 
Published: December 2024

Background
Maternal-foetal attachment (MFA) seems essential for adapting to motherhood and the healthy development of the child, with direct implications for clinical practice. It is often assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS), which covers two dimensions: quality and intensity of attachment. However, studies including the MAAS presented missing or inadequate psychometric properties. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of both the original and the recently introduced brief German version of the MAAS.

Materials and methods
Data from 184 pregnant women from a longitudinal study were used. Women (≥ 18 years old) were recruited between the 18th and 22nd weeks of gestation while waiting for routine prenatal diagnostic appointments. Participants answered the MAAS, together with other questionnaires measuring maternal mental health, self-esteem, and social support. For both versions of the MAAS (19 items vs. 13 items), item characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were calculated and compared. Moreover, associations between the brief German MAAS and theoretically related constructs were analysed using correlation coefficients.

Results
In this study, item analyses revealed better psychometric properties for the brief German MAAS than for the original MAAS, with a significant reduction in items with inadequate discriminatory power. The internal consistency (α ≥ .69) and test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ .62) were acceptable to good for both MAAS versions. With regard to structural validity, factor analysis of the German MAAS presented acceptable to good global model fit indices for the model with correlated factors (GFI > .90; RMSEA ≤ .08; SRMR < .10) in the current sample. In contrast, most global model fit indices of the original MAAS were not acceptable. The construct validity of the German MAAS was demonstrated on the basis of small-to-moderate correlations with a variety of constructs (e.g., measures of depression, anxiety, stress).

Conclusions
According to the present results, the brief German version of the MAAS represents a reliable and valid measurement instrument of MFA for use in clinical practice. Further studies examining possible cut-off values are needed to identify pregnant women with significant attachment difficulties who may benefit from additional support.
Exploring the patient’s recovery journey and information needs following a shoulder fracture: A qualitative interview study
Authors: May Pauline , Davies Firoza , Yeowell Gillian , Littlewood Chris 
Published: December 2024

Background
Shoulder fractures (proximal humerus fractures) are common, painful, debilitating injuries. Recovery is a long process often hindered by complications such as mal-union and frozen shoulder. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and information needs of people at different time points after a shoulder fracture and how views on recovery change over time.

Methods
This longitudinal telephone interview study used a semi-structured approach based on a pre-planned interview topic guide. Recruitment was from June to November 2023. Participants were interviewed approximately two months and five to six months after their injury. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
14 participants were recruited (age range 44–80 years; three male). The themes identified were dependence, vulnerability, information needs, and recovery. Loss of function and identity were associated with dependence. Feelings of vulnerability were present for most participants at six months post-injury. Information needs evolved, with information about the extent of the injury and practical advice needed first, but later participants emphasized the importance of reassurance and expected timelines for recovery. Recovery meant regaining function and independence, and returning to meaningful activities, which was also not fully achieved for most participants by six months.

Conclusions
This study is the first to explore information needs and experiences along the timeline of recovery from a shoulder fracture. What recovery means to individual patients, along with recognition of the extent to which feelings of vulnerability affect recovery are important factors to consider. Clinicians should be aware of the full impact of these injuries to guide patients on their recovery journey, including identifying feelings of vulnerability and regaining their identity. Adopting a person-centred care approach, and considering the changing priorities and information needs of patients throughout their recovery journey may lead to improved patient care.
Effectiveness of physiotherapist-led exercise interventions for burn rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abonie Ulric Sena , Ackah Martin , Mudawarima Tapfuma , Rockson Alberta 
Published: December 2024

Background
Exercise is utilised by physiotherapists to prevent complications and improve overall function and quality of life post-burn. However, the effect of physiotherapist-led exercise has not been comprehensively reviewed. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercises for persons’ post-burn.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to September 27, 2024, to identify relevant studies. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the articles. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy exercises to improve functional outcomes in persons with post burn injuries. Extracted data included author’s surname and year, country, population type, sample size, age, and total body surface area, mode, frequency and duration of exercise. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2.0) tool. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted to examine exercise effect on physical, physiological and psychological outcomes.

Results
Out of 3610 records screened, eight articles involving 393 participants were deemed eligible for inclusion. Physiotherapy exercises significantly improved lean body mass and pulmonary function but did not improve quality of life. Meta-analysis showed significant effects for aerobic capacity (Hedge’s g = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.44–1.83, p = 0.00) and muscle strength (Hedge’s g = 2.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.42–4.13, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Physiotherapy exercises have positive impacts on physical, physiological and psychological outcomes particularly aerobic capacity and muscle strength in individuals’ post burns. The heterogeneity in effects for all outcomes highlights the need for further research.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Efficacy of ADS051, a Neutrophil Modulator, in Ulcerative Colitis: Results of a Randomized Phase 1b Trial
Authors: Allegretti Jessica R. , Cheifetz Adam S. , Dulai Parambir S. , Stevens A.C. , Chapas-Reed Jillian , Chesnel Laurent , Dixit Bharat , Farquhar Ronald , Ghahramani Parviz , Miller Benjamin W. , Murphy Christopher K. , Quintas Megan , Tanase Raisa , Telia Tengiz , Woźniak-Stolarska Barbara , Gupta Renu 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by colonic inflammation, with neutrophils playing a key role in UC activity, prognosis, and response to therapies. Current UC therapeutics can have significant side effects and limited efficacy. ADS051 is a novel, oral, gut-restricted small molecule that modulates neutrophil migration and activation without in vitro suppression of T-cell activation. The primary objective of this Phase 1b multidose trial was to evaluate the safety of ADS051. Secondary objectives were clinical activity and pharmacokinetics assessment.

METHODS:
This trial enrolled 24 patients with moderate-to-severe UC in 3 sequential ascending dose cohorts with 3:1 randomization to ADS051 200 mg, 800 mg, or 3,200 mg, or placebo, administered orally once daily for 28 days. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics were assessed weekly, with clinical activity end points of clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, and histologic remission evaluated at Day 28.

RESULTS:
ADS051 was well tolerated without severe or serious adverse events. High fecal concentrations were achieved with low systemic exposure, with <1% of the daily dose of ADS051 excreted in urine. On Day 28 of the trial, clinical remission was achieved in 22.2% of the pooled ADS051 group vs 0% of the pooled placebo group. Endoscopic response was achieved in 50.0% of ADS051-dosed vs 16.7% of placebo, and endoscopic improvement was achieved in 33.3% of ADS051-dosed vs 0% of placebo.

DISCUSSION:
Phase 1b data in patients with UC indicate a favorable safety profile for ADS051 with encouraging signals of clinical activity, supporting the advancement to a Phase 2 trial.
Cardiovascular Risk From Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Count, and Their Longitudinal Changes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hyeok-Hee , Lee Han Ah , Kim Eun-Jin , Kim Hwi Young , Kim Hyeon Chang , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Hokyou , Kim Seung Up 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, CVD risk could vary across and within individuals with MASLD. We investigated the cardiovascular implications of MASLD, cardiometabolic risk factor count, and their longitudinal changes.

METHODS:
From nationwide health screening data, we included adults aged 20–79 years without increased/excessive alcohol intake, concomitant liver diseases, and prior CVD at baseline examination in 2009 (N = 7,292,497). Participants were classified according to MASLD status; those with MASLD were further categorized by their count of qualifying cardiometabolic risk factors (1–5). Individuals who underwent follow-up examinations in 2011 (N = 4,198,672) were additionally classified according to their baseline and follow-up MASLD status; those with persistent MASLD were further categorized by combination of baseline and follow-up cardiometabolic risk factor counts. The risk of incident CVD was assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox model.

RESULTS:
Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 220,088 new CVD events occurred. The presence of MASLD was associated with higher incidence of CVD. Among participants with MASLD, the risk of CVD increased gradually with higher cardiometabolic risk factor count (per 1-higher; hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.19). The development of MASLD during follow-up was associated with higher risk of CVD (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.25–1.31), whereas the regression of MASLD was associated with lower risk of CVD (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.82–0.86). Among individuals with persistent MASLD, gaining and losing cardiometabolic risk factor count during follow-up were associated with elevated and reduced risk of CVD, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
MASLD status, cardiometabolic risk factor count, and their longitudinal changes were all associated with the risk of incident CVD. Accurate identification of these markers may facilitate personalized management of MASLD-related CVD risk.
Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Precancerous Lesions and Disorders of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Sadeghi Fatemeh , Sohrabi Amir , Zagai Ulrika , Andreasson Anna , Vieth Michael , Talley Nicholas J. , Agréus Lars , Ye Weimin 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Oral microbiota may contribute to the development of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disorders. In this study, we evaluated the association between microbiota of saliva, subgingival, and buccal mucosa and UGI disorders, particularly precancerous lesions. We also aimed to identify which oral site have the greatest potential as biomarkers for the development of UGI cancers.

METHODS:
In this population-based study, 388 adults underwent upper endoscopy with biopsies for histopathological analysis. UGI symptoms were assessed using a validated questionnaire, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing characterized the microbiota in 380 saliva, 200 subgingival, and 267 buccal mucosa samples collected during endoscopy.

RESULTS:
Dysbiosis of the salivary microbiota was observed in subjects with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERSs) alone, as well as in those with combined conditions such as GERS and esophagitis, or esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Significant microbial alterations were also found in individuals with several stomach disorders including Helicobacter pylori infection, chemical reactive gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia. However, microbiota dissimilarity in subgingival and buccal mucosa samples was primarily associated with Barrett's esophagus or gastric atrophy. Among identified genera in saliva, the association between Prevotella and Fusabacterium and atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia was notable. In subgingival samples, the link of Fretibacterium with Barrett's esophagus and Fusabacterium with gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia has also been found to be important.

DISCUSSION:
Dysbiosis of saliva microbiota is linked to a broad spectrum of UGI disorders. However, microbiota dysbiosis in subgingival and buccal mucosa sites is specifically associated with the premalignant conditions such as Barrett's esophagus and gastric atrophy. Among oral sites, the subgingival microbiota shows more potential as a infectious biomarker for UGI cancers.