bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Dual Band Bowtie Slot Antenna with Rectangular-Shaped Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Wee Ting Richard Sing , Zainal Abidin Intan Sorfina , Aziz Azniza Abd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The need for 5G antenna has been increasing rapidly due to the development of 5G communication which recently has become popular and advanced. In this research, a bowtie slot antenna with rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) that can operate at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz, which is used in 5G communication, was designed, simulated and optimized. Parametric study was conducted to study the effect of DGS on the antenna’s performance. The dual band bowtie slot antenna with two rectangular-shaped DGS have been proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna displayed excellent performance in the reflection coefficient of the operating frequency with simulated S
11 around -69 dB and -68 dB at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively. It was observed that multiple rectangular-shaped DGS were able to improve the antenna’s impedance matching, reflection coefficient and bandwidth performance.
Electromagnetic Simulation of a Negative Refractive Index Lens Antenna
Authors: Ghifarry M F A , Kamardin K , Idris I H , Yamada Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lens antennas are well known to achieve good multi-beam radiation patterns. When lens material is formed by a negative refractive index material, multi-beam radiation patterns are improved because the lens thickness is reduced. An electromagnetic simulator is convenient for obtaining radiation characteristics. However, the suitable electromagnetic simulator for a negative refractive index lens simulation is limited. Only a few electronic simulators can simulate a negative refractive index value. In this paper, the availability of HFSS software is examined. Calculation methods such as structure forming and calculation parameter setting are explained. Calculated results of electrical near field distribution, aperture distribution of amplitude and phase and radiation pattern are shown. By comparing calculated results with theoretical values, accuracies of calculated results are ensured.
High Gain Radial Line Slot Array Antenna (RLSA) Integrated with Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) for mm-wave 5G Applications
Authors: Alwareth Husam , Ibrahim IM , Zakaria Zahriladha , Abdullah Al-Gburi Ahmed Jamal , Purnamirza Teddy , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The proposed RLSA antenna incorporates a new metamaterial designed at 26 GHz resonance frequency, utilizing a Rogers 5880 substrate layer that has a 1.575 mm thickness. The diameter of the RLSA antenna in Free-space wavelength is 17.34λ0. This RLSA antenna, equipped with a frequency selective substrate (FSS) metamaterial reflector, operates within the frequency range of 22.5 to 30.5 GHz, obtaining a 24.58 dBi realized gain. This development is capable of enhancing the gain and reducing the side lobe level, making it compatible with 5G millimeter-wave applications.
Advancing the Emission Inventory of Peat Decomposition in Indonesian Peatlands
Authors: Agus Fahmuddin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indonesia aims to achieve a Forest and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink by 2030. The greatest challenge lies in drained peatlands, significant sources of CO2 emissions from peat decomposition. Attaining net sink or net zero emissions from drained peatlands appears unattainable; thus, the primary goal is substantial emission reduction. The main intervention for peatland emission mitigation involves raising the water table as high as feasible, balancing agricultural productivity and local economic needs. A long-term strategy for emission reduction could involve implementing paludiculture once drained peatlands reach a non-drainable level, or earlier if economically viable alternatives to drained commodities emerge. Development of emission factors, such as linear models correlating average water table levels with CO2 emissions, is well-advanced and crucial for assessing the impact of canal blocking on emission reduction. However, there remains a need for activity data that quantify the area affected and the extent of water table rise due to canal blocks. Such data are essential for Tier 3 assessments of emission reduction and for improving water management strategies in Indonesian peatlands. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a model describing the effects of canal blocking on average area affected and water table rise, supported by comprehensive data compilation and new research aimed at elucidating these relationships. Access to such activity data will facilitate Tier 3 quantification of CO2 emission reductions in restored peatland areas.
Water Table Dynamic and Peat Motion in Forest and Burnt Area in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti L , Evans C D , Jovani-Sancho A J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Water table dynamic (WTD) and peat motion are useful data to assess the condition of peatland ecosystems. Decomposition of peat is affected by WTD, with lower groundwater levels resulting in larger peat subsidence and CO2 emissions. In this study, we used low-cost time-lapse cameras based on Raspberry Pi computers to periodically monitor peat motion and water table depth. The camera will take pictures every 2 hours at the same time as the WTD data taken by water level logger. The aim of this research is to determine the magnitude of peat surface movement under forest cover and ex-burnt conditions. The research locations where time-lapse cameras were installed were six locations: UPR Hampangen Natural Laboratory, KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, Repeat, the southern burnt area, and Sebangau National Park. Data collection for WTD and peat movement was carried out from December 2022 to June 2023. The research results show that the WTD value is inversely proportional to the value of peat subsidence. In the Sebangau National Park location, which has a low mean WTD value (-0,31 m), there was a large decrease in the peat surface of -1.36 cm. The UPR Hampangen Natural Laboratory location has a high mean WTD (0,12 m), there was the smallest peat reduction of - 0.12 cm.
Effects of Land and Water Management on Bulk Density of Peat Soils in Coconut Plantations
Authors: Putri R , Suwardi  , Iskandar  , Sumawinata B , Fawzi N I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Peatlands, which cover approximately 7% of Indonesia’s land surface, hold significant agricultural potential but require careful management for sustainability. The objective of this research is to assess the effects of land and water management on peat soil bulk density (BD) and subsidence in agricultural practices employing integrated water management. The study was conducted in Pulau Burung District, Riau Province, which is the only Nucleus and Smallholder Estate Scheme of coconut plantation in Indonesia. The plantation applied and managed an integrated water management technique called “Water Management Trinity” to regulate water levels during rainy and dry spells, ensuring optimal growth conditions and maintaining peat soil wetness. The results show no pattern differences in BD between the nucleus estate and smallholder estate, with values ranging from 0.10–0.19 g/cm3. It was observed that peat soil BD decreases with increasing depth. The annual subsidence rate is -1.56 cm. However, the BD has increased by 136% relative to the initial measurements in 1986, contributing to a slowdown in the progression of subsidence rates in recent years. The adoption of cover crop management, which enhances nutrient cycling processes in peat soil on the nucleus estate, and the transformation of farmers from conventional practices to apply cover crop management, have shown positive impacts on productivity. The application of sustainable management practices in coconut plantations demonstrates the potential for the sustainable use of peatlands, particularly in mitigating the high subsidence rates that are a primary concern in peatland agriculture.
Utilization of Landsat 8 Oli Tirs for Environmental Quality Spatial Modeling
Authors: Muhaimin M , Arisanty D , Adyatma S , Saputra A N , Jumriani J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The escalating human activities are precipitating substantial disruption of global ecosystems on various scales. The demand for effective techniques to measure, detect, and analyze ecological change is mounting in this context. Remote sensing technology is gaining prominence as a substitute for field measurements of spatial changes in environmental conditions. This research enhances the new remote sensing-based ecology index using spatial data from Landsat 8 Oli satellite imagery. The satellite image 2023 in the Riam Kanan area, South Kalimantan Province—data analysis using remote sensing ecology index. The four indicators used to assess the remote sensing ecology index are greenness (representing vegetation, NDVI), humidity (representing soil moisture, NDMI), heat (representing temperature, LST), and drought (representing built-up areas, NDBSI). A principal component analysis (PCA) was then conducted to integrate these four indicators. The results demonstrate that Landsat OLI 8 Tirs imagery can be effectively utilized to identify environmental quality. Specifically, through Landsat 8 OLI Tirs imagery, it was determined that there has been a decline in environmental quality at the research site. This deterioration is attributed to decreased vegetation (NDVI), increased temperature (LST), changes in soil moisture (NDMI), and indications of high drought (NDBSI). The fundamental concept behind the remote sensing ecology index is that any environmental change will cause significant alterations to all four essential characteristics of the index.
Application of Cattle Manure Compost Mixed With Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris) in Peatlands on Growth and Components of Yield Of Sweet Corn (Zea mays Saccharata)
Authors: Rumbang N , Paulini  , Anjalani R , Asie E R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Increasing sweet corn yields in peatland is achieved by fertilizing using organic fertilizer to make it environmentally friendly. Fertilization aims to increase soil fertility and meet plant nutrient needs. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the components of sweet corn growth and yield in peatland by the application of compost made of cattle manure and kalakai. This study arranged in a Randomized Block Design, consisting of 5 treatments i.e. P1 (treatment without cattle manure compost as a control), P2 (10 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), P3 (20 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), P4 (30 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), and P5 (40 tons/ha of cattle manure compost). The components of sweet corn yield and growth were the variables that were observed. According to the study, there was a significant difference in sweet corn plant height and leaves quantity at 45 days after planting across all treatments (P<0.05). At 45 days after planting, all treatments showed significant differences (P<0.05) in ear length, ear circumference, ear weight without husks, number of corn kernel rows, and number of corn kernels per row of sweet corn plants. The P3 treatment gave the best results in this study.
The Effect of NaOH Concentration and Cooking Time on The Fiber Dimensions and Derived Values of Tabulus Wood (Litsea sp.)
Authors: Supriyati Wahyu , Herianto  , Alpian  , Herianto  , Luhan Gimson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is necessary to study the dimensions of the fiber in relation to the influence of NaOH concentration and cooking time on fiber dimensions and derived values. This research aims to determine the fiber dimensions and derivative values of Tabulus wood fibers, as well as the effect of NaOH concentration and pulp cooking time in the cold soda pulping process of Tabulus wood pulp fibers. The testing follows IAWA guidelines. A completely randomized design was used to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and cooking time on fiber dimensions. The results indicate that Tabulus wood fiber exhibits characteristics suitable for pulp and paper production. Specifically, its Runkel ratio (fiber wall thickness) is relatively low (<1), indicating thin fiber walls that contribute to stronger and smoother paper sheets. The addition of NaOH concentration and cooking time had a significant effect on the reduction of fiber length but no significant effect on changes in fiber diameter. The increase in NaOH concentration had a significant effect on the lumen diameter. Changes in fiber wall thickness, along with the addition of NaOH concentration and cooking time, showed very significant effects. The pulping process resulted in a decrease in the Runkel number, felting power, coefficient of rigidity, and Muhlsteph ratio, while increasing the flexibility value. Higher NaOH concentration and longer cooking times lead to reduced fiber length and fiber wall thickness, which are favorable for papermaking
The Impact of Food Estate Policy Implementation on Local Economy and Community Welfare in Central Kalimantan: Post-Implementation Review
Authors: Tulis R S , Pramusinto A , Subarsono A , Kusumasari B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Food Estate Policy implemented in Central Kalimantan has had a significant impact on the local economy and community welfare, although it poses various challenges. The purpose of the post-implementation review is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of the policy using both secondary data and field interviews as well as through a literature review. The analysis seeks to understand the influence of the policy on the local economy. The results show that the Food Estate program has increased Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth in several districts such as Kapuas, Pulang Pisau, and Gunung Mas, and created new jobs. However, the distribution of economic benefits has not been equitable, with welfare inequalities between farmers and indigenous communities. Negative impacts such as deforestation, environmental degradation and social conflict also need to be addressed. This research provides important insights for more inclusive and sustainable policy improvements, with a focus on community welfare and environmental sustainability in the affected areas.
Evaluate Fire Risk and Economic Impact Area Around Palm Companies
Authors: Subianto P , Benius  , Martilova K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study empirically examines the fire risk and economic impact surrounding the palm oil company PT. AGL in Ramang, Pulang Pisau District. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and risk analysis (consequence × likelihood), the research surveyed 87 respondents through purposive sampling. Results indicate that PT. AGL has contributed positively by reducing unemployment and improving health and educational outcomes in the community. However, the fire risk analysis shows severe consequences, particularly in health impacts, ecosystem damage, and air pollution, which are categorized as extreme risks. Future policies should focus on enhancing fire mitigation strategies.
Forecasting corn land area using the ARIMA method and its impact on forest degradation in Sumbawa
Authors: Syaharuddin  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the development of corn planting area that has an impact on the periodic reduction of forest area in the Sumbawa region, NTB. The location of corn plantations around protected forests is the main focus of this research. We used the ARIMA method to forecast data for the last 10 years to identify the level of forest degradation. The simulation results show that during this period there was a 12.56% increase in the area under maize cultivation. The negative impacts of this increase include land erosion and degradation, drought, flooding and landslides. In response, starting in 2023, the government actively conducts community guidance, law enforcement, and designation of protected forest areas. Using an ARIMA model that has a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.78%, it is estimated that in the next five years, the area of corn planted will decrease by 0.27%. This reduction is expected to be offset by reforestation activities and ecotourism development to preserve the forest in Sumbawa. The findings provide guidance for the government and stakeholders in designing sustainable land management and forest conservation policies.
Land Suitability of Agroforestry Components in Tompo Bulu Village, Bulupoddo District, Sinjai Regency
Authors: Arty Budi , Rosyidah Ummi , Dicky  , Asri Lisdawati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plants have unique growing needs for optimal growth. Unfortunately, land expansion, reduction in fertile agricultural land, and errors in selecting plant types of hamper agroforestry development. This study was carried out in two stages of activities: field activities and laboratory analysis. Field activities were carried out in Tompo Bulu Village, Bulupoddo District, Sinjai Regency. Laboratory analyses were carried out at the Silviculture and Tree Physiology Laboratory of Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University. This study aims to evaluate land suitability for agroforestry. The land is compared with ideal criteria for the crops planted (pine, cocoa, coffee, cloves, nutmeg, sugar palm, rambutan, mahogany, teak, and banana). The results show that land suitability varies from marginal (S3) to unsuitable (N). The main limiting factor is the very low soil pH. However, this obstacle can be overcome by liming or adding organic materials.
Modelling multi-forestry business development based on landslide natural disasters
Authors: Sugiharto A. , Purnomo H. , Wijayanto N. , Kuncahyo B. , Puspaningsih N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study is a multi-forestry business perception of landslide natural disasters from various stakeholders. NGOs were involved in bridging policy and the role of local governments in developing multi-forestry businesses. The unit of analysis in this research is an individual representing all villages in Sukabumi FMU forest area. This method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the forest village. Questionnaires were distributed to all forest villages, 2-3 questionnaires each. The software used is SmartPLS. In reflective measurements, the outer loading value is> 0.7, the AVE value is> 0.5, Cronbach’s alpha is> 0.7, and composite reliability> 0.7. Discriminant validity also meets the criteria of Fornell Larcker and HTMT values (<0.9). The structural model shows that there is no multicollinearity between variables (Inner VIF is <5) p Value is <0.05). The suitability of the research model shows that the R2, Q2, SRMR, and NFI values meet the level of prediction accuracy. In conclusion, the perception of multi-forestry businesses directly influences the containment and control of landslide natural disasters. However, multi-business forestry does not mediate significantly in terms of the role of local government and the community’s expectations of forests as a barrier and control for landslides.
Land Cover Change in Malino Sub Watershed, Jeneberang Watershed
Authors: Nurindah  , Thamrin P. S. , Soma A. S. , Arsyad U. , Wiswati N.I. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increasing population and limited land resources will negatively impact the environment, potentially degrading the quality of river watersheds. In this article, we examine how population growth affects land use changes in the Malino Sub-watershed, which is part of the Jeneberang Watershed. The data used are land use data from 2014, 2019, and 2023, analyzed over the last 10 years using the Geographic Information System (GIS) approach and the overlay analysis method in ArcGIS software. These methods were applied to observe the land use changes and to calculate the quality of the river watershed using the Percentage of Vegetation Cover (PPV). The results of the research show that the land cover of the Malino Sub-watershed in 2023 includes 18,86% rice fields, 2,81% shrubs, 39,42% mixed dryland agriculture, 1,26% water bodies, 3,73% settlements, 31,77% secondary dryland forest, 1,83% plantations, and 0,33% open land. Over 10 years (2014 to 2023), there was a 17,91% decrease in forest area, a 16,01% decrease in plantations, a 13,22% decrease in shrubs, and a 74,46% decrease in open land. Meanwhile, there was a 62,05% increase in settlements, a 17,75% increase in rice fields, and a 9,31% increase in mixed dryland farming, as the population increased from 40.976 people in 2014 to 43.064 people in 2023. As a result, there has been degradation and a decline in watershed quality, as indicated by the Percentage of Permanent Vegetation Cover (PPV) in 2023, which was 34,58%, falling under the poor category. There was a 7,36% decrease in vegetation cover over the 10 years. Therefore, we recommend implementing both vegetative and mechanical conservation techniques.
Assessment of Potential Carbon Stock in Social Forestry Areas in the Tangka Forest Management Unit
Authors: Chairil A , Rijal Syamsu , Nursaputra Munajat , Kharisma Lalu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sustainable development has three main pillars, namely social, economic and environmental. One form of policy that supports sustainable development is social forestry. This policy is a system of environmental management in the form of forests by involving the surrounding community who benefit from the forest for their livelihoods of environmental management in the form of forests by involving the surrounding community, which benefits from the forest for its livelihood. In the implementation of current development, often do not pay attention to the environmental pillars. So, it is necessary to study how the environmental conditions in the form of Carbon Reserves in the social forestry permit area in the Tangka Forest Management Unit located in Sinjai Regency. This study used remote sensing methods to observe the environment through land cover in 2009, 2017, and 2024. Land cover conditions in 2009 were the basis for observation based on the forest area of South Sulawesi Province. Land cover in 2017 was the initial condition of the Social Forestry permit. While 2024 was the latest land cover observation. Temporal land cover is the basis for determining the amount of carbon reserves. From 2009 to 2017, high and low-density forests dominated the social forestry permit area in Tangka Forest Management Unit. However, quite extensive dryland agriculture and increasing shrubs were also identified. Since the existence of social forestry permits until now, there has been an increase in forest cover and a decrease in the area of dryland agriculture and shrubs. This also increases carbon reserves by around 9,5 tons/ha within six years. The existence of social forestry provides legal certainty to the community so that the community maintains the existing forest in the form of utilization of environmental services (ecotourism). In addition, the community carries out land rehabilitation with an agroforestry pattern with the help of plants from the Forest Management Unit. However, in the field, several forest encroachment activities were also found due to a need for a better understanding of the area and several agricultural sector policies.