bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Ionic Skin with Sensing, UV‐Filtering, Water‐Retaining, and Anti‐Freezing Capabilities
Authors: Wen Jie , Tang Jia , Ning Huiming , Hu Ning , Zhu Yuanyuan , Gong Youkun , Xu Chaohe , Zhao Qiannan , Jiang Xiaoping , Hu Xiaolin , Lei Ling , Wu Dan , Huang Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConductive polymer hydrogels are receiving considerable attention in applications such as soft robots and human‐machine interfaces. Herein, a transparent and highly ionically conductive hydrogel that integrates sensing, UV‐filtering, water‐retaining, and anti‐freezing performances is achieved by the organic combination of tannic acid‐coated hydroxyapatite nanowires (TA@HAP NWs), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains, ethylene glycol (EG), and metal ions. The highly ionic conductivity of the hydrogel enables tensile strain, pressure, and temperature sensing capabilities. In particular, in terms of the hydrogel strain sensors based on ionic conduction, it has high sensitivity (GF = 2.84) within a wide strain range (350%), high linearity (R2 = 0.99003), fast response (≈50 ms) and excellent cycle stability. In addition, the incorporated TA@HAP NWs act as a nano‐reinforced filler to improve the mechanical properties and confer a UV‐shielding ability upon the hydrogel due to its size effect and the characteristics of absorbing ultraviolet light waves, which can reflect and absorb short ultraviolet rays and transmit visible light. Meanwhile, owing to the water‐locking effect between EG and water molecules, the hydrogel exhibits freezing resistance at low temperatures and moisture retention at high temperatures. This biocompatible and multifunctional conductive hydrogel provides new ideas for the design of novel ionic skin devices.
Mechanobiological Interactions between Dynamic Compressive Loading and Viscoelasticity on Chondrocytes in Hydrazone Covalent Adaptable Networks for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Richardson Benjamin M. , Walker Cierra J. , Maples Mollie M. , Randolph Mark A. , Bryant Stephanie J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMechanobiological cues influence chondrocyte biosynthesis and are often used in tissue engineering applications to improve the repair of articular cartilage in load‐bearing joints. In this work, the biophysical effects of an applied dynamic compression on chondrocytes encapsulated in viscoelastic hydrazone covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is explored. Here, hydrazone CANs exhibit viscoelastic loss tangents ranging from (9.03 ± 0.01) 10–4 to (1.67 ± 0.09) 10–3 based on the molar percentages of alkyl‐hydrazone and benzyl‐hydrazone crosslinks. Notably, viscoelastic alkyl‐hydrazone crosslinks improve articular cartilage specific gene expression showing higher SOX9 expression in free swelling hydrogels and dynamic compression reduces hypertrophic chondrocyte markers (COL10A1, MMP13) in hydrazone CANs. Interestingly, dynamic compression also improves matrix biosynthesis in elastic benzyl‐hydrazone controls but reduces biosynthesis in viscoelastic alkyl‐hydrazone CANs. Additionally, intermediate levels of viscoelastic adaptability demonstrate the highest levels of matrix biosynthesis in hydrazone CANs, demonstrating on average 70 ± 4 µg of sulfated glycosaminoglycans per day and 31 ± 3 µg of collagen per day over one month in dynamic compression bioreactors. Collectively, the results herein demonstrate the role of matrix adaptability and viscoelasticity on chondrocytes in hydrazone CANs during dynamic compression, which may prove useful for tissue engineering applications in load‐bearing joints.
Recent Progress in Advanced Electrocatalyst Design for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Leigang , Wang Pengtang , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers hold great significance for renewable energy storage and conversion. The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main roadblocks that hinder the practical application of PEM water electrolyzers. Highly active, cost‐effective, and durable electrocatalysts are indispensable for lowering the high kinetic barrier of OER to achieve boosted reaction kinetics. To date, a wide spectrum of advanced electrocatalysts has been designed and synthesized for enhanced acidic OER performance, though Ir and Ru based nanostructures still represent the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this Progress Report, recent research progress in advanced electrocatalysts for improved acidic OER performance is summarized. First, fundamental understanding about acidic OER including reaction mechanisms and atomic understanding to acidic OER for rational design of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed. Thereafter, an overview of the progress in the design and synthesis of advanced acidic OER electrocatalysts is provided in terms of catalyst category, i.e., metallic nanostructures (Ir and Ru based), precious metal oxides, nonprecious metal oxides, and carbon based nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives to the future development of acidic OER are provided from the aspects of reaction mechanism investigation and more efficient electrocatalyst design.
Synthesis and Application of Naphthalene Diimide as an Organic Molecular Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Fuquan , Hu Zhongai , Jiao Long , Wang Xiaotong , Yang Yuying , Li Zhimin , He Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new redox‐active organic molecule, naphthalene diimide derivative (NDI), is synthesized through the condensation reaction for electrochemical energy storage, in which 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4‐aminophenol are used as skeleton and substituent, respectively. The NDI is acted as a guest molecule to non‐covalently modify reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and to form an organic molecular electrode (OMEs). The resultant electrode exhibits outstanding performance under the three‐electrode configuration, including specific capacitance (354 F g−1at 5 mV s−1) and cycling performance (87.2% after 8000 cycles). Furthermore, the electrochemical behaviors of the OMEs are mainly controlled by surface reactions and pseudocapacitance contribution is up to 93% of the total capacity at 100 mV s−1. In addition, a positive electrode (graphene hydrogel‐2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene (GH‐DN)) is formed by hydrothermal method. At last, an asymmetric device (GH‐DN//rGO‐NDI, ASC) is assembled and a specific capacitance of 111.3 F g−1is reached. The ASC can deliver a high energy density of 26.3 Wh kg−1at power density of 0.6 kW kg−1. Moreover, two ASC devices in series may light 81 light‐emitting diodes. It is believed that organic molecule electrodes are candidates for new green energy storage materials.
Elastic Multifunctional Liquid–Metal Fibers for Harvesting Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy and as Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: Lai Ying‐Chih , Lu Hong‐Wei , Wu Hsing‐Mei , Zhang Dongguang , Yang Jiayi , Ma Jinwoo , Shamsi Mohammad , Vallem Veena , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFuture wearable technologies and personal electronics may benefit from e‐textiles that simultaneously possess high elasticity and multiple capabilities such as energy harvesting and sensing. Here, the first elastic multifunctional fiber that can scavenge mechanical energy from body motion and electromagnetic energy from surrounding electrical appliances is presented. In addition to converting multiple sources of waste energy into electricity, the fibers can also serve as self‐powered tactile and biomechanical sensors. The fibers consist of hollow elastomeric fibers filled with liquid metal. The fibers harvest energy by the combination of triboelectricity (160 V m−1, 5 µA m−1, and ≈360 µW m−1) and induced electrification of the liquid metal (±8 V m−1 (60 Hz), ±1.4 µA m−1, and ≈8 µW m−1). The fibers are characterized and their utility for powering electronics and sensing biomechanical information is demonstrated. These fibers are further demonstrated as completely soft and stretchable components for human–machine interfaces, including keypads and wireless music controllers.
Low prevalence of anemia among Shuar communities of Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: DeLouize Alicia M. , Liebert Melissa A. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Urlacher Samuel S. , Schrock Joshua M. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Gildner Theresa E. , Blackwell Aaron D. , Harrington Christopher J. , Amir Dorsa , Bribiescas Richard G. , Snodgrass James Josh , Sugiyama Lawrence S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnemia is an important global health challenge. We investigate anemia prevalence among Indigenous Shuar of Ecuador to expand our understanding of population‐level variation, and to test hypotheses about how anemia variation is related to age, sex, and market integration.MethodsHemoglobin levels were measured in a total sample of 1650 Shuar participants (ages 6 months to 86 years) from 46 communities between 2008 and 2017 to compare anemia prevalence across regions characterized by different levels of market integration.ResultsShuar anemia rates among children under 15 years (12.2%), adult women (10.5%), and adult men (5.3%) were less than half of those previously documented in other neo‐tropical Indigenous populations. Anemia prevalence did not vary between more traditional and market integrated communities (OR = 0.47,p = .52). However, anemia was negatively associated with body mass index (OR = 0.47,p = .002).ConclusionsCompared to other South American Indigenous populations, anemia prevalence is relatively low among Shuar of Ecuador and invariant with market integration. Understanding this pattern can provide valuable insights into anemia prevention among at‐risk populations.
B–B vs. B–H Bond Activation in a (μ‐Hydrido)diborane(4) Anion upon Cycloaddition with CO2, Isocyanates, or Carbodiimides
Authors: Trageser Timo , Bebej Dariusz , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe intriguing (μ‐hydrido)diboranes(4) with their prominent pristine representative [B2H5]− have mainly been studied theoretically. We now describe the behavior of the planarized tetraaryl (μ‐hydrido)diborane(4) anion [1H]− in cycloaddition reactions with the homologous series of heterocumulenes CO2, iPrNCO, and iPrNCNiPr. We show that a C=O bond of CO2 selectively activates the B−B bond of [1H]−, while the μ‐H ligand is left untouched ([2H]−). The carbodiimide iPrNCNiPr, in contrast, neglects the B−B bond and rather adds the B‐bonded H− ion to its central C atom to generate a formamidinate bridge across the B2 pair ([3]−). As a hybrid, the isocyanate iPrNCO combines the reactivity patterns of both its congeners and gives two products: one of them ([4H]−) is related to [2H]−, the other ([5]−) is an analog of [3]−. We finally propose a mechanistic scenario that rationalizes the individual reaction outcomes and combines them to a coherent picture of B–B vs. B–H bond activation.
Charge‐Reversible Surfactant‐Induced Transformation Between Oil‐in‐Dispersion Emulsions and Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Jiang Jianzhong , Yu Shijie , Zhang Wanqing , Zhang Haojie , Cui Zhenggang , Xia Wenshui , Binks Bernard P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel charge‐reversible surfactant, (CH3)2N‐(CH2)10COONa, was designed and synthesized, which together with silica nanoparticles can stabilize a smart n‐octane‐in‐water emulsion responsive to pH. At high pH (9.3) the surfactant is anionic carboxylate, which together with the negatively charged silica nanoparticles co‐stabilize flowable oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions, whereas at low pH (4.1) it is turned to cationic form by forming amine salt which can hydrophobize in situ the negatively charged silica nanoparticles to stabilize viscous oil‐in‐water (O/W) Pickering emulsions. At neutral pH (7.5), however, this surfactant is converted to zwitterionic form, which only weakly hydrophobises the silica particles to stabilize O/W Pickering emulsions of large droplet size. Moreover, demulsification can be achieved rapidly triggered by pH. With this strategy particles can be controlled either dispersed in water or adsorbed at the oil‐water interface endowing emulsions with the capacity for intelligent and precise control of stability as well as viscosity and droplet size.
Crystal structure of uniaxially stretched bio‐based polyamide 510 films
Authors: Cui Lingna , Dong Yu , Liu Yuejun , Fan Shuhong , Wang Xionggang , Li Xianggang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe crystal structure changes of PA510 films during uniaxially stretching at 80°C, 110°C, 140°C and 170°C had been investigated as a function of stretching ratio and stretching rate. The stress–strain relationship curves showed that the stress of the PA510 films gradually increased when the stretching ratio increased. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction results verified that only one distinct equator reflection of stretched films was clearly identified at 80°C, 110°C and 140°C, namely γ(100) at 2θ = 20.6°. However, when the stretching temperature reached 170°C, the γ(004), γ(006) and γ(008) crystal form appeared in the meridional direction at λ = 12. Combined with differential scanning calorimeter analysis, it was found that the Xc increased from 7% to 40% as a result of the strain induced crystallization phenomenon and the stretching promoted the appearance of γ crystal form. In addition, the increase in the crystallinity and the molecular chain orientation increased the strength of the PA510 films in the tensile direction. And it also found that the microcracks occurred in the stretched films at high stretching ratio (λ = 12).
Verbascoside‐enriched fraction from Buddleja cordata Kunth ameliorates the effects of diabetic embryopathy in an animal model
Authors: Chirino‐Galindo Gladys , López‐Quintero Ilse‐Valeria , Ramírez‐Domínguez Liliana‐Berenice , Cabrera‐Nájera Leonardo‐Elías , Estrella‐Parra Edgar‐Antonio , García‐Bores Ana‐María , Palomar‐Morales Martín 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) over development are apparently due to an increase in oxidative stress. Some antioxidants could prevent developmental alterations produced by diabetic state. Extracts of plants of the genus Buddleja are used traditionally for Mexican indigens to ameliorate some diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the extract of Buddleja cordata over diabetic embryopathy.MethodsTwo experimental approaches were used: an in vivo study and an in vitro model. In the first, rats were treated with streptozotocin, streptozotocin plus methanolic extract of B. cordata, or none. Females were sacrificed at gestational day (GD) 19, and biochemical clinical parameters were measured; also, the fetuses were obtained and morphologically analyzed. In the in vitro model, a verbascoside‐enriched fraction (VEF) of the extract was used in whole embryo culture in order to search for the mechanisms for embryoprotection effect over hyperglycemia‐induced malformations.ResultsIn the in vivo experiments, B. cordata extract reduces the frequency and severity of fetal malformations produced by chemically induced diabetes, and additionally partially ameliorates the diabetic condition; in the in vitro model, both severity and frequency of embryo dysmorphogenesis were reduced by the VEF; also, this fraction reduces lipoperoxidation without affecting the activity of the antioxidant enzymes.ConclusionThe results suggest that verbascoside of methanolic extract and enriched fraction can directly affect the redox state, and thus, prevents the embryotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress, in embryos of diabetic pregnancy.
pH‐responsive zwitterionic carbon dots for detection of rituximab antibody
Authors: Emami Elham , Mousazadeh Mohammad H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) have received much attention as a result of good photostability, high biocompatibility, and high quantum yield. In this study, novel zwitterionic CDs were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method of citric acid (CA) and l‐histidine as carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Prepared zwitterionic CDs have an average particle size of 4 nm diameter and showed green fluorescence with a peak at 530 nm when excited at 470 nm; quantum efficiency was 39.34% using rhodamine 6G as a baseline. The fluorescence intensity of zwitterionic CDs was quenched by rituximab in the range 0–400 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 27 μmol L−1. In addition, the synthesized zwitterionic CDs had low toxicity, good stability, and high selectivity and sensitivity sensing for rituximab, therefore zwitterionic CDs are a promising candidate for practical applications.
LncRNA SNHG1 regulates immune escape of renal cell carcinoma by targeting miR‐129‐3p to activate STAT3 and PD‐L1
Authors: Tian Pei , Wei Jin‐Xing , Li Jing , Ren Jun‐Kai , Yang Jin‐Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmune escape of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) impacts patient survival. However, the molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in RCC immune escape remains unclear. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting results revealed that the expression of lncRNA SNHG1 and STAT3 were upregulated in RCC tissues and cells and that the expression of miR‐129‐3p was downregulated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results revealed the increased levels of immune‐related factors (interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor α, and interleukin‐2) in RCC tissues. SNHG1 knockdown or miR‐129‐3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A498 and 786‐O cells, while the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells increased, which promoted the secretion of immune‐related factors. STAT3 overexpression decreased the protective effect of miR‐129‐3p overexpression on RCC cell immune escape. In addition, miR‐129‐3p knockdown and STAT3 overexpression decreased the protective effect of lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown on RCC cell immune escape. In addition, PD‐L1 expression was downregulated after lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown but upregulated after miR‐129‐3p knockdown and STAT3 overexpression. Dual‐luciferase assays showed that lncRNA SNHG1 targets miR‐129‐3p, and miR‐129‐3p targets STAT3. RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified the regulatory relationship between SNHG1 and STAT3. In vivo, shSNHG1 prolonged the overall survival of RCC tumour model mice and inhibited RCC tumour growth and immune escape but increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in mice. Our findings provide an experimental basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of immune escape by RCC and reveal a novel target to treat this disease.
Risky business: How strategy relates to survival
Authors: Thornhill Stewart , White Roderick E. , Raynor Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research explores the relationship between business strategy and survival. Seven annual panels of longitudinal data enable us to study riskiness (likelihood of failure) as a function of business strategy. We find failure rates are higher for those businesses with purer strategy positions. Two mechanisms are offered as potential explanations for this result: robustness and adaptability. While prior research has found pure strategies have higher returns, our findings suggest that pursuing a hybrid strategy may be an entirely reasonable choice, balancing risk and return.
The global, regional, and national burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Ouyang Guoqing , Liu Qiang , Wu Yongrong , Liu Zhen , Lu Wuchang , Li Shuai , Pan Guangdong , Chen Xiang 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) is increasing. A comprehensive evaluation of the burden is crucial to improve strategies for GBTC prevention and treatment.MethodsThe incidence rates, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBTC from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2017. Estimated annual percent changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify GBTC trends during the study period.ResultsGlobally, there were 210,878 new cases, 173,974 deaths, and 3,483,046 DALYs because of GBTC in 2017. GBTC incidence increased by 76%, mortality increased by 65%, and DALYs increased by 52% from 1990 to 2017. In addition, relatively higher Socio‐Demographic Index regions had greater incidence and death rates but greatly decreased age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized death rate (ASDR). At the national level, Chile had the highest ASIR (10.38 per 100,000 population) and the highest ASDR (10.43 per 100,000 population) in 2017. The largest increases in ASIR (EAPC, 3.38) and ASDR (EAPC, 3.39) were observed in Georgia. Nonlinear associations were observed between the ASDR, the Socio‐Demographic Index, and DALYs at the 21 GBD regional levels and at the national level. The proportions of GBTC age‐standardized deaths and DALYs attributable to high body mass index were 15.4% and 16%, respectively.ConclusionsGBTC remains a major health burden worldwide. These findings are expected to prompt policymakers to establish a cost‐effective method for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of GBTC, reducing its modifiable risk factors and reversing its increasing trends.Lay Summary

Although the rates of age‐standardized incidence, death, and disability‐adjusted life‐years for gallbladder and biliary tract cancer decreased from 1990 to 2017, the numbers of these measures increased.

Nonlinear associations existed between the age‐standardized death rate, the Socio‐Demographic Index, and disability‐adjusted life‐years at the 21 regional and national levels in the Global Burden of Disease Study.
The influence of colour mixtures on the textural perception of surface design: Deciphering textile methodology in the field of bioplastic design
Authors: Kooroshnia Marjan , Dumitrescu Delia , Rijkers Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn textile design, the characteristics of a textured surface are the result of the properties of the materials, the textile techniques used, and the colour mixtures associated with each technique. The perception of colour on textured textiles is dependent on the angles of viewing and incidence of light on the surface. Accordingly, when analyzing the perception of the colour of pile textiles such as velvet, we observe that the orientation of the piles on the surface affects the perception of colour. The perception of colour and its transformation depends on whether the light is reflected off the side or the end of the yarn. By bringing do it yourself (DIY) materials into the textile design field, this research questions how biomaterials such as bioplastic can be further developed using textile surface design methods, and how the relationship between texture and colours can be advanced in the design of complex textured surfaces. The method develops a hybrid strategy for designing a new material category combining DIY and digital tools, which offers a more sustainable alternative to conventional textile materials. Moreover, the method proposed builds on two major aspects: explorations of bioplastic materials and their impacts on colour design and selection, and an analysis of changes in the visual perception of coloured surfaces with regard to differences in texture, the positioning of a light source, and angle of viewing. The results are methods of creating complex colour combinations and textural surfaces using near‐adjacent and complementary colours and the intrinsic transparency property of bioplastics.