bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting physical literacy and 24-hour movement in Hong Kong primary school children through a blended classroom-based intervention: protocol and baseline characteristics of the “Stand+Move” cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Sum Raymond Kim Wai , Sit Cindy Hui Ping , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Wing Yun Kwok 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs traditional classroom furniture contributes to children’s predominant sitting during class, the study aimed to demonstrate the design and baseline characteristics of a three-armed intervention program, which targeting on enhancements in children’s physical literacy, physical activity, sleep and executive function through constructing an active classroom environment in primary schools. The blended approach involves an organized physical activity participation during recess combining with the environmental changes during class in response to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in children and the emphasis on nurturing children’s physical literacy in Hong Kong primary schools.MethodsThis blended “Stand + Move” intervention adopted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to investigate its effectiveness on health-related aspects and to compare: 1) a PA recess intervention group; 2) a blended (sit-stand desks and PA recess) experimental group; and 3) a control group. In total, 81 students were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups for a period of 13 weeks (from March to September, 2019). The primary outcome is the children’s physical literacy and physical activity. The secondary outcome is the children’s sleep and executive functions.ResultsAmong 81 participants enrolled at baseline, 40.7% of participants were boys and 59.3% were girls. The mean of age is 9.6 years [SD = 0.61, range 9.0–12.0]. There was no evidence of significant differences between trial arms at baseline concerning both the primary outcomes and secondary outcomes (all P = 0.06–0.89). Of all, 22.4% met the recommended PA guideline, 36.8% met the sleep guideline, resulting in only 10.5% met both guidelines, and children’s executive functions were evaluated in three aspects of inhibition, executive control, and planning. Over a half of the participants reported satisfactory in their perceived sleep quality.DiscussionThe designed intervention is regarded as an innovative strategy to reconstruct children’s traditional classroom environment in Hong Kong. The baseline results suggest that the implementation of this study design was satisfactory. Therefore, it is expected to benefit the children’s behavior-related health as well as the stakeholders in schools and families, and also provide the desired evidence to support policymaking reforms in teaching and learning strategies.Trial RegistrationChiCTR, ChiCTR2000035038. Registered 29 July 2020 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=46038
Postpartum Early EMDR Therapy Intervention (PERCEIVE) Study for Women After a Traumatic Birth Experience: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hendrix Yvette M.G.A. , Dongen Karlijn S.M. van , Jongh Ad de , Pampus Mariëlle G. van 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Up to 43% of women perceive giving birth as traumatic which may result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related symptoms. Negative and traumatic childbirth experiences can also lead to fear of childbirth, avoiding or negatively influencing a subsequent pregnancy, mother-infant bonding problems, problems with breastfeeding, depression and reduced quality of life. For PTSD in general, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has proven to be effective. However, little is known about the preventive effects of early intervention EMDR therapy in women after a traumatic birth experience. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of early intervention EMDR therapy in preventing PTSD and reducing PTSD symptoms in women with a traumatic birth experience. Methods. The PERCEIVE-study is a randomized controlled trial. Women suffering from the consequences of a traumatic birth experience will be randomly allocated at maximum 14 days postpartum to either EMDR therapy or “care-as-usual”. Patients in the EMDR condition receive two sessions of therapy between fourteen (T0) and thirty-five days postpartum. All participants will be assessed at T0, and at nine weeks postpartum (T1). At T1 all participants will undergo a CAPS-interview about the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms. The primary outcome measure is severity of PTSD symptoms, whereas the secondary outcomes pertain to fear of childbirth, mother-infant bonding, breastfeeding, depression and quality of life. The study will be conducted at a large city hospital and at several midwifery practices in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Discussion. It is to be expected that the results of this study will provide more insight about the safety and effectiveness of early intervention EMDR therapy in the prevention and reduction of PTSD (symptoms) in women with a traumatic birth experience. Trial registration. Trial register. NL73231.000.20. Registered on August 21, 2020. https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8843
Antialdosterone in Acute Myocardial Infarction patients: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Qiao , Li Zhuqing , Zhao Die , Sun Jie , Wang Yiling , Wang Yanxin , Yin Xuemei , Feng Jiaxin , Lu Chengzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is lacking. We aimed to summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of MRA in post-AMI patients.Methods: Articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Medline1946-2021) and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their inception to Dec 31, 2020. Results: MRA reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 16% (relative ratio(RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval(CI) (0.76,0.94), P=.002), new or worsening heart failure (HF) 14% (RR 0.86, 95%CI (0.78,0.96), P=.007), death from HF by 22% (RR 0.78, 95%CI (0.62,0.99), P=.04), and cardiovascular death by 16% (RR 0.84, 95%CI (0.74,0.94), P=.003) in post-AMI patients. Meanwhile, all-cause mortality was reduced by 38% (RR 0.62, 95%CI (0.42,0.90), P=.01), 30% (RR 0.70, 95%CI (0.49,1.00), P=.05), and 29% (RR 0.71, 95%CI (0.59,0.86), P=.0004) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and those who initiated MRA treatment within 3 days and (3,7) days, respectively. Post-AMI patients without left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) treated with MRA improved left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference[MD] 2.74, 95%CI (2.49,2.99), P<.00001) and reduced left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices (MD -6.23, 95%CI (-10.93,-1.52), P=.009; MD -3.13, 95%CI (-5.79,-0.47), P=.02). The corresponding RR were 1.73 (95%CI (1.44,2.08), P<.00001) for considered common side effects (hyperkalemia and gynecomastia).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that all-cause mortality is lower in STEMI patients and in patients initiating MRA within 7 days, and that post-AMI patients without LVSD have improved left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function.
Increased rate of introduction of non-native plants in China since 2002 driven by intentional introductions
Authors: Ni Ming , Deane David C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The history of plant introductions in China is inextricably associated with globalization and trade. There have been two periods where China has opened to the world, punctuated by periods of isolation. Here, we compare historical rates of introduction from 1840–2011 and ask how the rate of introduction of non-native plants has changed and how intentional and non-intentional introductions compare. The highest rate of introductions occurred between 1900 and 1940, where mean annual introduction was 8.7 plant species. Plant introductions post 2002 occurred at the second highest rate, but this was still little over half the earlier period at 4.4 plant species per year. In both periods, intentional introductions contributed the greatest proportion, and intentional and non-intentional introductions shared similar temporal trajectories.
WITHDRAWN: Impact of Hydraulic fracturing on Mineralogy on Change in Micro and Nano Porosity and Permeability of Shales
Authors: Zhang Di , Meegoda Jay , Silva Bruno Goncalves da , HU Liming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to economical gas production from shale reservoirs. Still, the gradual swelling of the clay micro/nanopores due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing causes a gradual reduction of gas production. Four different gas-bearing shale samples were investigated to quantify the expected shale swelling due to hydraulic fracturing. These shale samples were subject to heated deionized (DI) water at 100°C temperature and 1.2 MPa pressure in a laboratory reactor for 72 hours to simulate shale softening. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and density measurements were performed on the original and treated shale to determine the micro and nanopore structure change. The micro and nanopore structures changed during shale swelling, and the porosity decreased after shale treatment. The porosity decreased by 4% for clayey shale, while for well-cemented shale the porosity only decreased by 0.52%. The findings showed that the initial mineralogical composition of shale plays a significant role in the swelling of micro and nanopores and the pore structure alteration due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing. A pore network model was used to compare the permeability due to shale softening. The permeability results show a reduction from 3.76E-16 m2 to 2.62E-17 m2 after treatment based on the simulations.
Subtle Breaks In Attachment: Invisible Trauma And The Emergence Of Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Saunokonoko Antonia , Mars Michelle , Sattmann-Frese Werner 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: It is known that complex traumatic experience contributes to the emergence of bulimia nervosa (BN). Yet cognitive behavioural therapy, with or without medication, remains the western medical model’s treatment of choice, regardless of its poor long-term outcomes. Incidence of BN is rising, whilst treatment success eludes most sufferers. This research set out to dig deep into the lived experience of BN in order to uncover new clues linking BN’s aetiology to treatment options; and the research argues for the adoption of trauma-informed protocols for BN, as these fit more effectively with causation. Taking the previously under-researched, but known-to-be significant father-daughter relationship as its starting point, the research reveals a raft of new findings pointing to the pervasive consequences of subtle attachment trauma in this relationship. In light of this, the research informs a clear recommendation for a trauma-informed treatment approach and provides hope for those living with the condition. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological, detail-rich study of women in recovery from BN was carried out. A qualitative study was considered to be in sufficient contrast to existing research approaches as to offer up the greatest possibility of new insights into BN. Results: Subtle attachment failures, present in the father-daughter relationship, strongly contribute to complex traumatic experience and are instrumental in the development of BN. Many of these attachment failures lack the overtly dramatic nature of abuses such as physical violence, yet create powerful pre-conditions for the development of bulimic symptomatology. They are rooted in safety-seeking and survival aspects of the attachment bond, causing confusion in aspects of self-worth and anxiety about belonging. The resulting uncertain search for secure nurturing is directly reflected in the push-pull dynamic of the binge/compensation cycle of BN. Conclusions: BN arises in response to complex traumatic experience as a survival mechanism aimed at ensuring psychological and physical protection. Complex traumatic experience is, however, a multi-faceted concept in which subtle breaks in father-daughter attachment play a pivotal role. Therefore, adopting a staged, multi-modal complex trauma treatment model, aimed at building safety, agency and relationship skills for those seeking help, may offer hope for more successful treatment outcomes.
De novo missense variants in the PPP2R5D gene associated with Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Yang Xinglong , Ning Pingping , Huang Hongyan , Li Kelu , Zhu Yongyun , Yin Weifang , Ren Hui , Xu Yanming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have reported an association between PPP2R5D mutations and early-onset levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. However, there was lack of comprehensive analysis of this gene in large Parkinson’s disease(PD) cohort.The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and spectrum of PPP2R5D mutations in a Han Chinese cohort with early- or late-onset PD. We sequenced all 17 exons of PPP2R5D and their flanking intron regions in 668 sporadic PD patients. Novel variants detected were validated based on genomic databases and verified using genetic data from unrelated controls. Three of the 668 PD patients carried three novel, unique PPP2R5D exonic variants(p.R91S,p.E8A,p.R523L).These variants were predicted to be “disease- causing” by mutation taster and all three mutations were found to be highly conserved across species. Our study identified three novel, rare PPP2R5D variants among Han Chinese PD patients, which broadens the spectrum of PPP2R5D mutations potentially associated with the disease.
Advanced Classical Optical Filters with Three Waveguide Coupled Sagnac Loop Reflectors
Authors: Arianfard Hamed , Wu Jiayang , Juodkazis Saulius , Moss David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate advanced multi-functional integrated photonic filters formed by three waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (3WC-SLRs). By tailoring the coherent mode interference, the spectral response of the 3WC-SLR resonators is engineered to achieve diverse filtering functions with high performance. These include optical analogues of Fano resonances that yield ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges, and classical Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev, and elliptic filters. A detailed analysis of the impact of the structural parameters and fabrication tolerances is provided to facilitate device design and optimization. The requirements for practical applications are also considered. These results theoretically verify the effectiveness of using 3WC-SLR resonators as multi-functional integrated photonic filters for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study to compare normative fractional anisotropy values at the lumbar spine with patients suffering from low back pain
Authors: Nayak Kaushik , K Lakshmikanth H , Kotian Rahul P , Yadav Sushil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Backache radiating to the limbs is the most common cause for nerve root compression which can lead to several functional abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides valuable information regarding the size, shape, location and impact of disc herniation on the nerve root fibres, so MRI is used in the diagnosis of the disc herniation but inconsistencies were seen between the clinical symptoms and MRI findings. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of lumbar nerve root fibres reduces the number of false positive and false negative findings and thus increases the concordance between clinical and imaging findings. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values ranges from 0 and 1 which describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. The current study explored the difference in FA values between subjects suffering from with and without low back pain using DTI.Materials and Methods: 45 patients with low backache and 45 controls were employed to evaluate changes of the lumbar spine using DTI derived FA values. A Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla MRI unit was used for data collection. In the present study we evaluated both FA and Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC) values in six regions of the lumbar spine.Results: Patients with low backache showed differences in FA values compared to control group. Descriptive data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.0. However the values did not follow normal distribution so Mann Whitney U test was used to correlate FA and ADC values in both the groups. Significant differences were found in FA at both sides of the L4 vertebrae. We also found significant differences in ADC at the left side of L3 and right side of the L4 vertebrae.Conclusion: : Our findings indicate that DTI and FA can be used in patients with low backache for early detection and treatment. The affected side of the spine showing symptoms of the nerve roots showed significant reduction in FA and slight increase in ADC values.
Supply versus demand of health care facilities in a competitive context: Case of tuberculosis care in Douala-Cameroon
Authors: Yakam Andre Nana , Fosso Prisca Koncy , Njocke Martin , Bowong Samuel , Fono Louis Aime , Noeske Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Identifying the socio-economic factors associated with the supply and the demand of health facilities (HF), can contribute to the decision-making of the creation of the HF. This study aims to contribute to this issue, in the competitive context of the tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment centres (DTC), and to describe the spatial distribution of the residence of TB patients and DTC, to understand the DTC attendance’ rate in the city of Douala, Cameroon.
Methods

The Spatial analysis was performed to access the spatial-economic model hiding behind the distribution of the “observed” number of patients attending the DTCs compared to the “expected” number. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression and the analysis of variance were used to identify the factors associated to the demand and supply of DTCs respectively.
Results

The decentralization policy advocated by the national program against tuberculosis (NTP) is not always followed by the patients: The “expected” and the “observed” number of patients in DTCs are not correlated. The attendance of DTCs in Douala is in accordance with the spatial-economic theory models of Salop and Hotelling, which is an artefact. Patients seeking treatment in DTCs closer to their residence are mainly women and patients from relative poor households, while attendance of DTC was associated with the quality of service and the level of the HF.
Conclusion

Attendance HF is dictated by the spatial-economic theory models. The policy of creating HF for TB is not followed by patients in competitive context. Attendance of HF by TB patients is associated with socioeconomic factors;
Causas de fallecimiento en pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México
Authors: González-Ramírez Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2021

El COVID-19 ha causado millones de fallecimientos en el Mundo desde su aparición en Wuhan, China a finales de 2019. Llegó a México a inicio de 2020 donde ha llegado a tener una de las mortalidades más altas del mundo y la Ciudad de México es no solamente la ciudad más grande del país, sino una de las más grandes del mundo. Afortunadamente la información sobre pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México es pública y su análisis puede proporcionar información valiosa para establecer políticas públicas y para tomar decisiones personales. La evidencia disponible sobre los pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México sugiere que tanto la edad, el género y las condiciones previas de salud tienen un efecto considerable en su tasa de mortalidad.
Método: En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo basado en datos que se obtuvieron el 28 de julio de 2020 de un sitio público del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México que reporta información sobre los pacientes con sospecha de tener COVID-19. Solamente se analizaron los casos confirmados con COVID-19. Para calcular la proporción de casos y fallecimientos por rango de edad, se usó la pirámide poblacional de la Ciudad de México. Para obtener la proporción de casos y fallecimientos en relación con la población, se ajustaron los casos y fallecimientos con base en los reportados por CONACYT. Se calculó la frecuencia de casos y fallecimientos por rango de edad usando un programa de hoja de cálculo. Con el mismo programa se obtuvieron tablas y gráficas.
Resultados y Discusión: La edad, el género y las condiciones previas de salud tienen un efecto considerable en la tasa de mortalidad de aquellos pacientes confirmados con COVID-19, de manera que las personas mayores, los hombres y las personas con ciertas condiciones previas de salud, tales como hipertensión y diabetes, tienen mayor riesgo de muerte que las personas jóvenes, las mujeres y las personas sin condiciones previas de salud. Por mencionar algunos ejemplos, se muestra que respecto al efecto de la edad, los pacientes de 61 a 70 años tienen el doble de probabilidad de fallecer que aquellos de 51 a 60 años; respecto al efecto del género, los hombres de 51 y 60 años tienen el doble de probabilidad de morir que las mujeres en el mismo rango de edad y respecto al efecto de las condiciones previas de salud, las mujeres con hipertensión tienen una probabilidad de fallecer seis veces más alta que aquellas sin alguna condición previa de salud.
Conclusión: De acuerdo con la información disponible que fue analizada en este trabajo, la edad, el género y las condiciones de salud previas son causas importantes de fatalidad entre los pacientes de COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México.
Comparing the Efficacies of Bisphosphonates’ Therapies for Osteoporosis Persistence and Compliance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almohaileb Faisal I. , Rasheed Zafar 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disorder
worldwide. This review was undertaken to compare the efficacies of bisphosphonates
therapies for patient persistence and compliance for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed in accordance with the available reporting
items. MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases were applied for literature searched up to
January 2020. All major studies such as prospective, retrospective and review articles that
examined patient persistence or compliance to bisphosphonates for osteoporosis were
included.

Results:
The literature search found 656 relevant published reports, out of which 87 were
included. The 10, 712, 176 osteoporotic patients were studied for patient persistence and
5, 875, 718 patients were studied for patient compliances. Analysis of all studied
bisphosphonates showed almost similar patterns for patient persistence rates as it was
decreased over the time following initial prescription, but persistence length was found to
be significantly higher for alendronate therapy as compared to the other studied
bisphosphonates (p<0.001), whereas the length of persistence of all other
bisphosphonates (other than alendronate) were almost same (p>0.05). Analysis of patient
compliances with etidronate therapy showed the highest percent medication possession
ratio (MRP) at 12 months, followed by the MRPs of ibandronate, alendronate, risedronate,
and clodronate.

Conclusions:
This is the first systematic review that shows the comparison of the
efficiencies of bisphosphonates for patient persistence and compliance for the treatment of
osteoporosis. The data showed that the length of patient persistence was highest for
alendronate therapy, whereas patient compliance was highest for etidronate therapy for the
treatment of osteoporosis.