bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAT modulo discrete event simulation applied to railway design capacity analysis
Authors: Luteberget Bjørnar , Claessen Koen , Johansen Christian , Steffen Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method of combining SAT with discrete event simulation. This new integration proved useful for designing a solver for capacity analysis in early phase railway construction design. Railway capacity is complex to define and analyze, and existing tools and methods used in practice require comprehensive models of the railway network and its timetables. Design engineers working within the limited scope of construction projects report that only ad-hoc, experience-based methods of capacity analysis are available to them. Designs often have subtle capacity pitfalls which are discovered too late, only when network-wide timetables are made—there is a mismatch between the scope of construction projects and the scope of capacity analysis, as currently practiced. We suggest a language for capacity specifications suited for construction projects, expressing properties such as running time, train frequency, overtaking and crossing. Such specifications can be used as contracts in the interface between construction projects and network-wide capacity analysis. We show how these properties can be verified fully automatically by building a special-purpose solver which splits the problem into two: an abstracted SAT-based dispatch planning, and a continuous-domain dynamics with timing constraints evaluated using discrete event simulation. The two components communicate in a CEGAR loop (counterexample-guided abstraction refinement). This architecture is beneficial because it clearly distinguishes the combinatorial choices on the one hand from continuous calculations on the other, so that the simulation can be extended by relevant details as needed. We describe how loops in the infrastructure can be handled to eliminate repeating dispatch plans, and use case studies based on data from existing infrastructure and ongoing construction projects to show that our method is fast enough at relevant scales to provide agile verification in a design setting. Similar SAT modulo discrete event simulation combinations could also be useful elsewhere where one or both of these methods are already applicable such as in bioinformatics or hardware/software verification.
Different profiles for the assessment of student theses in teacher education
Authors: Stolpe Karin , Björklund Lars , Lundström Mats , Åström Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious research shows a discrepancy between different teachers’ assessment of student theses. This might be an even larger problem in the context of teacher education, since teacher trainers originate from different disciplines. This study aims to investigate how different assessors prioritise between criteria for assessment. Criteria were elucidated using repertory grid interviews with teacher trainers. These criteria formed the basis for a web-based Qsort that was distributed to teacher trainers at three different universities. The 66 teacher trainers in this study represented different disciplines, but were all engaged in the supervision and examination of student theses from teacher education programmes. The analysis revealed three different factors, which have been labelled:logic text structure as product,research process as productandresults as product. The differences may not be explained by the background (e.g. discipline, university or gender) of the teacher trainers. Together, these three factors explain why teachers assessing student theses may accentuate different personal criteria. Hence, this might impact on their grading practice and also the interrater reliability.
Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach
Authors: Perry Ella , Mandy William , Hull Laura , Cage Eilidh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCamouflaging refers to strategies used by autistic people to mask or hide social difficulties. The current study draws on Social Identity Theory to examine the relationship between camouflaging and autism-related stigma, testing the hypothesis that camouflaging represents an individualistic strategy in response to stigma. Two hundred and twenty-three autistic adults completed an online survey measuring perceived autism-related stigma, individualistic and collective strategies, camouflaging and mental wellbeing. Results indicated that higher camouflaging was positively associated with autism-related stigma and both individualistic and collective strategy use. Autism-related stigma was associated with lower wellbeing however this relationship was not mediated by camouflaging. These findings demonstrate how stigma contributes to camouflaging and highlight the complexities of navigating autistic identity while still camouflaging.
Managers are Less Burned-Out at the Top: the Roles of Sense of Power and Self-Efficacy at Different Hierarchy Levels
Authors: Korman Jennifer V. , Van Quaquebeke Niels , Tröster Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile managers generally seem to enjoy better mental health than regular employees, there are also plenty of reports about them suffering from burnout. The present study explores this relationship between hierarchy level and burnout in more detail. In doing so, we not only investigate what impact managerial rank may have on burnout, but we also contrast two different theoretically meaningful mediators for the relationship: sense of power (feeling in control over people) and work-related self-efficacy (feeling in control over tasks). The results of two surveys—the first with 580 managers (single-source) and the second with 154 managers matched with ratings from close others (multi-source)—show a negative relationship between managers’ hierarchy level and burnout that is explained by both mediators independently. Additional analyses reveal that high sense of power and high self-efficacy are both necessary conditions for low levels of burnout. Such fine-grained analyses allow us to understand why managers at the top are less threatened by burnout, in contrast to what some media reports suggest.
Chemical Variation among Castes, Female Life Stages and Populations of the Facultative Eusocial Sweat Bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Steitz Iris , Paxton Robert J , Schulz Stefan , Ayasse Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn eusocial insects, chemical communication is crucial for mediating many aspects of social activities, especially the regulation of reproduction. Though queen signals are known to decrease ovarian activation of workers in highly eusocial species, little is known about their evolution. In contrast, some primitively eusocial species are thought to control worker reproduction through physical aggression by the queen rather than via pheromones, suggesting the evolutionary establishment of chemical signals with more derived sociality. However, studies supporting this hypothesis are largely missing. Socially polymorphic halictid bees, such as Halictus rubicundus, with social and solitary populations in both Europe and North America, offer excellent opportunities to illuminate the evolution of caste-specific signals. Here we compared the chemical profiles of social and solitary populations from both continents and tested whether (i) population or social level affect chemical dissimilarity and whether (ii) caste-specific patterns reflect a conserved queen signal. Our results demonstrate unique odor profiles of European and North American populations, mainly due to different isomers of n-alkenes and macrocyclic lactones; chemical differences may be indicative of phylogeographic drift in odor profiles. We also found common compounds overproduced in queens compared to workers in both populations, indicating a potential conserved queen signal. However, North American populations have a lower caste-specific chemical dissimilarity than European populations which raises the question if both use different mechanisms of regulating reproductive division of labor. Therefore, our study gives new insights into the evolution of eusocial behavior and the role of chemical communication in the inhibition of reproduction.
Identifying Stabilising Effects on Survey Based Life Satisfaction Using Quasi-maximum Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Klement Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo which extent do happiness correlates contribute to the stability of life satisfaction? Which method is appropriate to provide a conclusive answer to this question? Based on life satisfaction data of the German SOEP, we show that by Negative Binomial quasi-maximum likelihood estimation statements can be made as to how far correlates of happiness contribute to the stabilisation of life satisfaction. The results show that happiness correlates which are generally associated with a positive change in life satisfaction, also stabilise life satisfaction and destabilise dissatisfaction with life. In such as they lower the probability of leaving positive states of life satisfaction and increase the probability of leaving dissatisfied states. This in particular applies to regular exercise, volunteering and living in a marriage. We further conclude that both patterns in response behaviour and the quality of the measurement instrument, the life satisfaction scale, have a significant effect on the variation and stability of reported life satisfaction.
Second surgery for progressive glioblastoma: a multi‐centre questionnaire and cohort‐based review of clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes in current practice
Authors: Brennan P. M. , Borchert R. , Coulter C. , Critchley G. R. , Hall B. , Holliman D. , Phang I. , Jefferies S. J. , Keni S. , Lee L. , Liaquat I. , Marcus H. J. , Thomson S. , Thorne L. , Vintu M. , Wiggins A. N. , Jenkinson M. D. , Erridge S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma prognosis is poor. Treatment options are limited at progression. Surgery may benefit, but no quality guidelines exist to inform patient selection. We sought to describe variations in surgical management at progression, highlight where further evidence is needed, and build towards a consensus strategy.

Methods
Current practice in selection of patients with progressive GBM for second surgery was surveyed online amongst specialists in the UK and Europe. We complemented this with an assessment of practice in a retrospective cohort study from six United Kingdom neurosurgical units. We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data.

Results

234 questionnaire responses were received. Maintaining or improving patient quality of life was key to decision making, with variation as to whether patient age, performance status or intended extent of resection was relevant. MGMT methylation status was not important. Half considered no minimum time after first surgery. 288 patients were reported in the cohort analysis. Median time to second surgery from first surgery 390 days. Median overall survival 815 days, with no association between time to second surgery and time to death (p = 0.874).

Conclusions
This is the most wide-ranging examination of contemporaneous practice in management of GBM progression. Without evidence-based guidelines, the variation is unsurprising. We propose consensus guidelines for consideration, to reduce heterogeneity in decision making, support data collection and analysis of factors influencing outcomes, and to inform clinical trials to establish whether second surgery improves patient outcomes, or simply selects to patients already performing well.
Are basic actors brainbound agents? Narrowing down solutions to the problem of probabilistic content for predictive perceivers
Authors: Britten-Neish George 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClark (Journal of Consciousness Studies, 25(3–4), 71–87, 2018) worries that predictive processing (PP) accounts of perception introduce a puzzling disconnect between the content of personal-level perceptual states and their underlying subpersonal representations. According to PP, in perception, the brain encodes information about the environment in conditional probability density distributions over causes of sensory input. But it seems perceptual experience only presents us with one way the world is at a time. If perception is at bottom probabilistic, shouldn’t this aspect of subpersonally represented content show up in consciousness? To address this worry, Clark argues that representations underlying personal-level content are constrained by the need to provide a single action-guiding take on the environment. However, this proposal rests a conception of the nature of agency, famously articulated by Davidson (1980a, b), that is inconsistent with a view of the mind as embodied-extended. Since Clark and other enactivist PP theorists present the extended mind as an important consequence of the predictive framework, the proposal is in tension with his complete view. I claim that this inconsistency could be resolved either by retaining the Davidsonian view of action and abandoning the extended-embodied approach, or by adopting a more processual, world-involving account of agency and perceptual experience than Clark currently endorses. To solve the puzzle he raises, Clark must become a radical enactivist or a consistent internalist.
Conjunctive paraconsistency
Authors: d’Agostini Franca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is a preliminary presentation ofconjunctive paraconsistency, the claim that there might be non-explosive true contradictions, but contradictory propositions cannot be considered separately true. In case of true ‘p and not p’, the conjuncts must be held untrue, Simplification fails. The conjunctive approach is dual to non-adjunctive conceptions of inconsistency, informed by the idea that there might be cases in which a proposition is true and its negation is true too, but the conjunction is untrue, Adjunction fails. While non-adjunctivism is a well-known option, the other view is not so much studied nowadays, but it was not unknown in the tradition, and there are some positive suggestions, in recent literature, that the position is plausible and deserves to be developed. The article compares conjunctivism, non-adjunctivism and dialetheism, then focuses on some possible justifications, costs and benefits of the conjunctive view.
Portfolio Selection with Irregular Time Grids: an example using an ICA-COGARCH(1, 1) approach
Authors: Bianchi Francesco , Mercuri Lorenzo , Rroji Edit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider a portfolio selection problem defined for irregularly spaced observations. We use the Independent Component Analysis for the identification of the dependence structure and continuous-time GARCH models for the marginals. We discuss both estimation and simulation of market prices in a context where the time grid of price quotations differs across assets. We present an empirical analysis of the proposed approach using two high-frequency datasets that provides better out-of-sample results than competing portfolio strategies except for the case of severe market conditions with frequent rebalancements.
‘Reaching the land of jihad’ - Dutch Syria volunteers, hijra and counter-conduct
Authors: de Koning Martijn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe topic of hijra is very much present in the ideological messages of IslamicState and Al Qaeda as well as in many studies exploring why and how people are motivated to join the violent struggles in Syria. Yet, with a few exceptions, many studies mention hijra as something self-evident without exploring the meanings attached to hijra among the volunteers who joined Al Qaeda and/or IS. Based upon ethnographic work among Dutch Islamic militant activists of the Behind Bars network constituting a very vocal early contingent of male Syria volunteers, this article explores the meanings of hijra. I will show that ideas about hijra were essential to the construction of their departure narratives and examine how hijra for them, in different and sometimes contradicting ways, became a pathway to an ethical and political transformation. One which was, at the same time, being instrumentalized to strengthen the very type of governance they tried to escape.
Der Antagonist des Antagonisten
Authors: Raaz Oliver 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAls Folge der Digitalisierung erscheint die trennscharfe Unterscheidung von Werbung und PR zunehmend erschwert. Obwohl entsprechende Schwierigkeiten differenztheoretisch als Indikator für den prekären Konstruktionscharakter einer Unterscheidung gelten dürfen, hat die deutschsprachige Kommunikationswissenschaft sie bislang in Lehrbüchern als zentralen Medien der disziplinären Selbstverständigung noch keiner grundlegenden, kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist daher die Dekonstruktion der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Unterscheidung von Werbung und PR. Von der poststrukturalistischen Sozialtheorie ausgehend wird die fortdauernde normativ-hierarchische Form der Unterscheidung deutlich und als Antagonismus interpretiert. Eingebettet in ein fachgeschichtliches Portrait der Kommunikationswissenschaft zeigt sich, dass der Antagonismus sich auf das dominierende Denkmuster der ‚normativen Publizistikwissenschaft‘ zurückführen lässt und Selbstlegitimationsanliegen der PR(‑Forschung) unterstützt. Deshalb plädiert der Beitrag für grundlegende Perspektivwechsel der künftigen Forschung zum Verhältnis von PR und Werbung und stellt Empfehlungen für eine normative Kommunikationswissenschaft im Allgemeinen bereit.
Prüfungsangst in Mathematik am Ende der Grundschulzeit: Entwicklung und Interaktionen mit Leistung und Selbstkonzept
Authors: Jonberg Anna , Kastens Claudia Pereira , Lipowsky Frank 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag prüft die Entwicklung der Prüfungsangst und deren Effekt auf die Leistungsentwicklung unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung des akademischen Selbstkonzepts anhand einer Stichprobe von N = 725 Grundschulkindern vom Ende des dritten bis Ende des vierten Schuljahres. Die Prüfungsangst fällt im untersuchten Zeitraum leicht ab und weist dabei eine mittlere korrelative Stabilität auf. CLP Analysen zeigen einen reziproken Zusammenhang von Prüfungsangst und Leistung. Werden diese Analysen für anhand einer latenten Profilanalyse identifizierten Klassen (relatives hohes, mittleres, geringes Selbstkonzept) durchgeführt, zeigen sich differenziertere Ergebnisse: Prüfungsangst ist bei Schüler*innen mit geringen Selbstkonzepten am höchsten und steigt außerdem an, während sie bei jenen mit hohen Selbstkonzepten geringer ausfällt und zusätzlich sinkt. Bei kompetenzüberzeugten Schüler*innen erweist sich die Prüfungsangst als negativer Prädiktor für Leistung, während sich die Effekte für diejenigen mit geringen Selbstkonzepten umkehren. Für Schüler*innen mit mittleren Selbstkonzepten zeigen sich keine Veränderungen in der Ausprägung der Prüfungsangst und keine Effekte mit der Leistung.
Challenges in High-grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Mixed Neuroendocrine/Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: La Rosa Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growth in knowledge of the pathogenesis, molecular background, and immunohistochemical profile of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has led not only to an increased awareness of these diseases but also to several changes of the nomenclature. In particular, the concept and terminology of high-grade (grade 3) NENs and mixed neoplasms have changed considerably over the last 20 years, creating some confusion among pathologists and clinicians. The aim of this review is to elucidate the diagnostic criteria, including the most important differential diagnoses of high-grade NENs and mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). The role of the Ki67 labelling index and morphology, used to define grade 3 NENs of the digestive system and lungs, is also discussed. The evolution of the concepts and terminology of MiNENs is revised, including the most important differential diagnoses.
Presentation and surgical management of a gossypiboma presenting with small bowel obstruction
Authors: Ryan George , Kawka Michal , Gnananandan Janakan , Yip Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGossypiboma is a cotton-based foreign body retained within the human body following a surgical procedure. Transmural migration of intra-abdominal gossypiboma into the small bowel is rare; however, it can present with life-threatening complications. We report a case of a 28-year-old male who presented with small bowel obstruction due to gossypiboma, 11 years after the initial surgical procedure. Due to the size of the retained surgical swab, 40 cm × 40 cm, an open surgical approach was preferred. Following removal of the retained swab and bowel reconstruction, the patient was followed in clinic and discharged without complications. Staff education and adherence to operating room record-keeping protocols can prevent gossypiboma. To the best of our knowledge such a long interval between the initial surgery and presentation of gossypiboma that large has not been previously reported in the literature.
The fossil record of whip spiders: the past of Amblypygi
Authors: Haug Carolin , Haug Joachim T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhip spiders (Amblypygi), as their name suggests, resemble spiders (Araneae) in some aspects, but differ from them by their heart-shaped (prosomal) dorsal shield, their prominent grasping pedipalps, and their subsequent elongate pair of feeler appendages. The oldest possible occurrences of whip spiders, represented by cuticle fragments, date back to the Devonian (c. 385 mya), but (almost) complete fossils are known from the Carboniferous (c. 300 mya) onwards. The fossils include specimens preserved on slabs or in nodules (Carboniferous, Cretaceous) as well as specimens preserved in amber (Cretaceous, Eocene, Miocene). We review here all fossil whip spider specimens, figure most of them as interpretative drawings or with high-quality photographs including 3D imaging (stereo images) to make the three-dimensional relief of the specimens visible. Furthermore, we amend the list by two new specimens (resulting in 37 in total). The fossil specimens as well as modern whip spiders were measured to analyse possible changes in morphology over time. In general, the shield appears to have become relatively broader and the pedipalps and walking appendages have become more elongate over geological time. The morphological details are discussed in an evolutionary framework and in comparison with results from earlier studies.
Mitigation of pretreatment-derived inhibitors during lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation using spent grain as a nitrogen source
Authors: Persson Michael , Galbe Mats , Wallberg Ola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrogen-containing nutrient sources can be used to mitigate the negative effects of pretreatment-derived inhibitors on product formation rates during bioethanol production. Process economic limitations require these nutrients to be inexpensive. A method of hydrolyzing the protein in the spent grain fraction remaining after wheat grain saccharification, using porcine pancreas trypsin, is presented. This protein hydrolysate was shown to increase the volumetric productivity of ethanol production, measured after 24 h, during fermentation of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate from 0.24 to 0.60 g/L h. Although the effects on the productivity, on a per gram basis, were lower than with yeast extract, which increased the product formation rate to 1.64 g/L h, amino acid analysis of the soluble polypeptides in the protein hydrolysate showed that the feasibility of using spent grain as a nutrient source could be increased through optimization of the hydrolysis step. Furthermore, it was shown that pretreatment-derived inhibitors could reduce cell growth without affecting ethanol formation rates and that nutrient addition could increase ethanol formation rates without increasing cell growth. Finally, it was shown that the ability of nutrients to affect the product formation rate was limited above a certain inhibitor concentration.