bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of anaemia among patients presenting with kidney diseases at the University of Dodoma Hospital in central Tanzania
Authors: Meremo Afred J. , Mwashambwa Masumbuko Y. , Masalu Matobogolo B. , Kapinga Janet , Tagalile Rehema , Ngilangwa David P. , Sabi Issa 
Published: June 2021

Background: Anaemia is a common complication that contributes to the burden of kidney diseases. Anaemia confers significant risk of cardiovascular disease and contributes to decreased quality of life. While the primary cause of anaemia is the inadequate production of erythropoietin by the kidneys to support erythropoiesis, other factors may contribute to anaemia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of anaemia among patients presenting with kidney diseases at the haemodialysis unit of the University of Dodoma (UDOM) hospital in central Tanzania.Methodology: In this retrospective study we reviewed data of patients who presented at UDOM haemodialysis unit in Tanzania with kidney diseases as from January 2013 to June 2015. Data were descriptively and inferentially analysed using Stata version 11 software.Results: A total of 1,395 patients were involved in this study. Of these, 792 (56.8%) presented with kidney diseases, 249 (31.4%) were found to have anaemia. The leading cause of anaemia was chronic kidney disease (CKD) 136 (54.6%), blood loss 74(29.7), haemolysis 15 (6.0%), Nutrition 13(5.2%) and others 11 (4.4%). Glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 accounted for 59.1% of CKD. Median [IQR] serum creatinine level: 246 [177 – 317] μmol/L, Urea level 16[8 -24] mmol/L and haemoglobin of 9.8 [6.2 - 13.4] g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia was strongly associated with declining glomerular filtration rate (P= 0.01).Conclusion: Anaemia is very common among patients presenting with kidney diseases. These patients require a thorough evaluation to identify and correct causes of anaemia other than erythropoietin deficiency.
Socio-demographic determinants of dengue infection during an outbreak in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania
Authors: Camara Neema , Ngasala Billy , Leyna Germana , Abade Ahmed , Rumisha Susan F. , Oriyo Ndekya M. , Mboera Leonard E.G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground: In recent years, the eastern coast of Africa has witnessed a number of dengue outbreaks. This study was carried out to determine socio-demographic determinants of dengue infection during the 2014 outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Unmatched case-control analysis of secondary data from a cross-sectional dengue investigation in three districts of Dar es Salaam in June 2014 was conducted. Febrile patients seeking care at health facilities were recruited. Cases were serologically-confirmed dengue-positive while controls were serologically-confirmed dengue-negative patients. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information. The association between sociodemographic variables and dengue infection was examined using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 81 cases and 281 controls were included in the analysis. Majority of the cases and controls were males (64.2% versus 54.1%; P=0.137) and were >15 years of age (88.9% versus 72.9%; P =0.003). Living in Kinondoni (aOR = 4.28; 95% CI: 1.74 - 10.53); being employed (aOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.06-4.04); having piped water at home (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.40 - 4.95) and a recent visit of health facility (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.11 - 3.38) were significantly associated with dengue infection.Conclusions: Dengue infection in Dar es Salaam varied between the three districts and was associated with being employed, having piped water at home and a recent visit to the health facility. These findings provide primary understanding of the influence of socio-demographic factors on dengue and may be used to develop appropriate preventive interventions.
Distribution of primary health care facilities in Mtwara District, Tanzania: availability and accessibility of services
Authors: Mremi Irene R. , Mbise Mercy , Chaula Job A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Access to health care services is a significant factor to health seeking practices that contributes to a healthy population. Improving health care accessibility is an important health priority in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine distribution of health care facilities and identify the high priority areas, which require more services in Mtwara, southern Tanzania.Methods: This study was carried in Mtwara Rural district of southern Tanzania and involved health care facilities. A hand held global positioning system was used to geo-reference the coordinates of all facilities. A questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions was used to gather information from patients who attended the respective facilities. Interviews with district health officials and facility in-charges were conducted.Results: There were 38 health in the district. Most of them were located within southern part of the district. The majority of facilities (97%) were government owned. On average each facility was serving 2,400 population. Malaria management, reproductive and child health services, family planning and integrated management of childhood illnesses were offered by all health facilities in the district. Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV was offered by 34 (89.5%) facilities. Tuberculosis services were offered by only 3 facilities while voluntary counselling and testing of HIV and anti-retroviral treatment services were available in 15 and 10 health facilities, respectively. Only 4 facilities had laboratory and inpatients services. The majority of the staff included Medical Attendants (39%), Nurse Midwives (34%), and Clinical Officers (20%). Assistant Medical Officers and Nursing Officers each accounted for 2% of the total staff. There were no Medical Officers, laboratory technicians or pharmaceutical technicians in the district. A total of 408 health facility clients (≥18yrs) were interviewed. Factors influencing the choice of a health facility were the availability of special services, medicine and qualified human resources.Conclusion: The majority of facilities in Mtwara are government and there is disparity in the distribution of the facilities. Availability of medicines and qualified human resources were the major factors on the preference for accessing health care services.
Self-efficacy and antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV positive pregnant women in South-West Nigeria: a mixed methods study
Authors: Aregbesola Oluwabusayo H. , Adeoye Ikeola A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: In Nigeria, an estimated 60,000 paediatric HIV infections occur annually mainly through mother-to-child transmission. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy is crucial in preventing new paediatric HIV infections. We investigated HIV-treatment adherence self-efficacy and ART adherence among HIV-positive pregnant women in South-West Nigeria.Methods: A mixed method approach was employed using a sequential explanatory strategy in which HIV-positive pregnant women were recruited from three facilities providing Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services. Self-efficacy and adherence were assessed using the HIV-Treatment Adherence Self-efficacy Scale and the Centre for Adherence Support Evaluation Index Tool, respectively. A focus group discussion and key informant interviews were used to explore barriers and motivating factors to ART adherence in pregnancy. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at 5% significance level, while thematic content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: A total of 126 women participated in the study. The mean age and mean gestational age of respondents were 32.7 ± 4.58 years and 24.4 ± 7.41 weeks, respectively. The prevalence of good adherence and HIV-treatment adherence self-efficacy were 70.6% and 26.2%, respectively. Low self-efficacy (OR=0.2, 95%CI=0.05– 0.53, p<0.05) was statistically associated with poor adherence. Planned pregnancy (OR=3.1, 95%CI=1.23-7.72, P<0.05) increased the likelihood for ART adherence. Looking healthier and protecting unborn babies were motivators to adherence while stigmatization and negative spousal influences were barriers to adherence.Conclusion: Low HIV-treatment adherence self-efficacy was related to poor adherence in pregnancy. Interventions aimed at improving adherence in pregnancy should also focus on HIV-treatment adherence self-efficacy.
Incidence of congenital syphilis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte and Brazil: a retrospective study
Authors: Silva Gislanne Stéphanne Estevam da , Soares Albenize de Azevedo , Nascimento Ana Beatriz Dantas do , Souza Graciane Pereira de , Oliveira Franklin Learcton Bezerra de , Kramer Dany Geraldo 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Syphilis is an infection with increasing incidence in Brazilian regions, and the congenital form is liable to lead to cerebral palsy and musculoskeletal deformity. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of congenital syphilis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Methods: An exploratory and retrospective study was performed from 2015 to 2017. Public domain data and unrestricted access were used in the DATASUS computer department through the TABNET application. The following variables were collected: age range, clinical evolution (congenital syphilis late, late congenital syphilis, stillbirth / syphilis abortion, ignored / blank, discarded; live birth), mother's schooling, performed prenatal and residence zone.
Results: In Brazil, there were 75,733 cases, whereas in the State of Rio Grande do Norte there were 1,436 cases of congenital syphilis, out of which a greater number of confirmed cases affected age group of 0-6 days (97.6%). The highest number of cases was observed in the city of Natal (75.8%), followed by Mossoró (7.8%) and Parnamirim (5.7%).
Conclusion: The study shows that the incidence of congenital syphilis occurs predominantly in incomplete elementary schooling and in the urban area. It was also verified that the diagnosis of most cases of congenital syphilis occurred in the age group up to 6 days of life, which contributes to the rates of evolution with the living child. In addition, a greater number of confirmed cases of congenital syphilis were observed, and prenatal care was performed, indicating a serious failure in care.
Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in Lusaka urban, Zambia
Authors: Musenge Emmanuel M. , Tembo Sophia , Hankwebe Mutinta , Kahinga Ndonia , Mushibwe Ovy , Mulenga Ivy , Tembo Susan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Malnutrition is a severe and persisting cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Zambia. We assessed malnutrition and its determinants among under-five children in Lusaka urban, Zambia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Chawama, Kabwata, Chilenje and Mtendere urban clinics in Lusaka. A simple random sample of 384 under-five children were selected between February and March 2015. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, determinants of malnutrition and anthropometric measurements. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 to identify determinants of malnutrition while adjusting for confounders.
Results: Of the 384 under-five children, most (51.8%) of them were male and the mean (SD) age was 13.83±10.17 months. The zH/A; zW/H; and zW/A was 68.5% and 31.5%; 95.6% and 4.4%; and 86.2% and 13.8% for normal and stunted; normal and wasted; and normal and underweight respectively. Majority (77.1%) of the children had MUAC > 12.5 cm, 16.9% had 11.5 – 12.5 cm and 6.0% had < 11.5 cm. Mother’s good nutritional practices (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.27 – 0.95) and MUAC > 12.5 cm (OR 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.94; OR 0.01, 0.00 – 0.10; and OR 0.4, 0.01 – 0.19) were statistically significantly associated with stunting, wasting and underweight respectively.
Conclusion: We established varied levels of stunting, wasting and underweight and mother’s nutritional practices and MUAC predicted these levels. More information, education and communication messages to the mothers and caretakers with regard to nutritional practices are needed so that under-nutrition can be improved, to ensure healthy living for mothers, care takers and under-five children.
Some Traits on the Outcome of the Treatment of Cervical Cancer in Tanzania: A Case Study of Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI)
Authors: Leguma Bakari L , Akarro Rajabu Rocky , Msengwa Amina Suleiman , Sichona Francis Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Background: In Tanzania, like in many other poor African countries, cervical cancer is a major problem facing women especially for those aged 30 years and above. This study aimed at constructing a statistical model to enable the prediction of the outcome of treatment for cervical cancer patients in Tanzania.
Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient’s files with histological proven cervical cancer who were treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) from year 2009 and followed up to year 2011. The factors considered are screening status, HIV status, disease stage, age, treatment type and the intent of the treatment. The study employed the Chi-square (χ2) test and the logistic regression model for its analysis.
Results: The Chi-square (χ2) test result showed that there was a significant relationship between outcome of treatment and the patient screening status, HIV status, disease stage and intent of treatment at 5% level of significance. On the other hand, the logistic regression results found patient disease stage and intent of the treatment to be statistically significant at 95 percent. Logistic regression results also showed that patients who attended ORCI when their disease at a late stage had an odds ratio of 0.128 less likely to have favorable outcomes compared to those patients who attended ORCI when their disease stage was at early stages. The odds ratio for cervical cancer patients who received both treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy was 2.643 more likely to have favorable outcomes
Conclusion: More emphasis and campaigns should be made in order to encourage women all over the country to attend cancer centers for screening and treatment at early stages or even before any symptoms for cervical cancer and other types of cancers.
Ceftriaxone Prescription at Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors: Sasi Philip Galula 
Published: June 2021

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Background: Since their discovery, antibiotics have contributed to a dramatic fall in morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections. However, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance continues to threaten the effectiveness of these agents. Ceftriaxone is one of the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Yet high levels of inappropriate use have been reported increasing the likelihood of emergence and spread of resistance.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive study to characterize ceftriaxone prescription and resistance at a tertiary hospital.
Results: Three hundred and sixty prescriptions were observed and 194 (54 %) deviated from the National Treatment guidelines with regards to indication. For patients with conditions for which ceftriaxone is recommended, 93 % (154 out of 166) prescriptions deviated from the guideline with regard to dosing frequency and 67 % deviated with regards to the duration of administration. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common isolates and with the highest ceftriaxone resistance rate (up to 80%).
Conclusions: At MNH, ceftriaxone is commonly inappropriately prescribed and the risk of emergence and spread of ceftriaxone resistant isolates may be high. The majority of CoNS and Klebsiella species are resistant, thus cautious ceftriaxone prescription is needed.
Holy Selfie as the Channel of Media Memory in the Digital World
Authors: Artamonov Denis S. , Medvedeva Elena N. , Tikhonova Sophia V. , Volovikova Marina L. 
Published: June 2021

Selfie as a special genre of digital photography performs a variety of functions, giving users the possibility to refer themselves to places, persons and events, thus personifying one's self-presentation and expressing the author's attitude to the world and their own experiences. Selfie is actively used in the representation of religious life, first of all, documenting the connection of the authors to sacred places, objects, persons and events, preserving the memory of significant moments in the life of an individual and making it available to the public. The memorial function of photography in the holy selfie format merges with its communicative function, changing the motivation of religious practice, redirecting it from the acquisition of religious experience to its sharing, empathy and participation, i.e. socializing religious experience. By analysing likes and reposts of selfie content, one can create strategies for the union of virtual religious communities around the offline experience of their members. In this article we will try to identify the differences in the ways of organizing the semantic space of holy selfie, practiced by the followers of Catholicism and Orthodoxy. Holy selfie will be studied as a new media memory channel to which users resort in order to correlate the practices of constructing personal and group memory for the reproduction of religious context by banal religion. Our work is based on the content analysis of selfie photos posted on Instagram.
The Mobilization of Youth Political Protest and Russian Video Bloggers: Cognitive Mapping Results
Authors: Shentyakova Anna V. , Grishin Nikolai V. 
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of using the cognitive mapping method to analyze the messages from video bloggers which were popular among Russian youth and covered protest actions in Russia in 2019-2020. The cognitive mapping method has not previously been used to interpret the information messages of representatives of the protest movement in modern Russia. The objective of the study is to identify the value systems, priorities, individual logical chains of opinion leaders in the Russian language segment of YouTube video hosting. The research sample was based on a two-step model, including the selection of 20 video bloggers who are considered to be the most popular among Russian protest youth as well as the selection of information materials for further analysis. For each leader of public opinion, several cognitive maps were built regarding the coverage of protest actions in 3 cases (the protests in Yekaterinburg in 2019, in Moscow after the Moscow City Duma elections in 2019 and in Khabarovsk in 2020). The cognitive mapping method made it possible to analyze the perception and interpretation of the protest actions taken by public opinion leaders who are opposed to the ruling party. The results of cognitive mapping reveal the value systems of the interpreters of political events who are popular among young people. The system of values, expressed in the interpretation of protest actions, presupposes the dominance of liberal guidelines, ideas of the rule of law and civil society.
PERILAKU BETON PASKA KEBAKARAN DAN BERBAGAI ALTERNATIF SOLUSINYA
Authors: Subagyo Singgih 
Published: June 2021

Seiring berkembangnya jaman, pertumbuhan di amper kita pun cukup maju. Hal ini dapat terlihat dengan semakin kritisnya masyarakat dalam memilih bentik maupun struktur bangunan. Akan tetapi, akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi kebakaran pada bangunan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan pada struktur, utilitas serta peralatan yang ada didalamnya dan merupakan masalah bagi pemiik bangunan. Mengingat fungsi bangunan sangat penting, maka gedung yang mengalami kebakaran cukup serius biasanya harus segera direhabilitasi. Dalam pemecahan masalah ini salah satunya dengan menggunakan beton semprot (gunite concrete) pada bangunan pasca kebakaran tujuan studi ini adalah mengevaluasi penanganan elemen struktur yang mengalami kerusakan akibat kebakaran dan untuk mencari alternative solusi yang dapat dipakai secara optimal agar stukur tetap dapat difungsikan tanpa banyak mengurangi kuat tekan beton yang ada.
Pelaksanaan studi dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, baik data-data primer yang berupa survey lapangan dan data sekunder dari PT.Yodya Karya, sehingga penulis dapat mengetahui sejauh mana metode gunite concrete dapat digunakan pada bangunan pasca kebakaran.Penanganan struktur setelah kebakaran denfgan menggunakan cara beton semprot sangat cocok karena cara beton semprot mempunyai berat jenis amper sama dengan beton normal yaitu antara 2240 Kg/m³ sampai dengan 2320 Kg/m³, mempunyai daya lekat sangat tinggi pada beton atau tembok, dan lebih ekonomis disbanding beton konvensional. Cara beton semprot juga mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk ikatan yang baik untuk sejumlah material serta keuntungan-keuntungan lain dalam aplikasi, fleksibility, kecepatan dalam penyelesaian dan kekuatan yang dihasilkan.
KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAGIAN WARIS ADAT JAWA
Authors: Astutik Sri 
Published: June 2021

The distribution of inheritance among Javanese indigenous people, has its own characteristics. Although in general there are rules that have become a custom that applies from generation to generation, but in practice there are some variations in the implementation of inheritance. Submission of assets to his off spring does not have to wait for the death of the testator, but can be carried out while the testator is still alive. There are also those who share the inheritance after the testator dies and or the heir has finished his life (1000 days). In Javanese traditional inheritance law there are also known heirs, namely heirs who replace the main heirs, if he dies first. Every child has the right to become an heir, but the portion may differ depending on the habits in the family environment. There are heirs who get the same portion, some who get 2 for men and : 1 for women, and there are also certain heirs getting more shares.
Pengaruh Insentif, Motivasi, dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT Prudential Life Assurance Dp3 Denpasar
Authors: Paramananda Nyoman 
Published: June 2021

Permasalahan mengenai kinerja karyawan di PT Prudential Life Assurance Dp3 Denpasar menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini. Kinerja pegawai sangat penting dalam rangka mendukung dan mewujudkan kemajuan korporasi, sehingga dalam penelitian ini faktor inesentif, motivasi dan disiplin kerja diteliti sebagai faktor yang diduga dapat menentukan kinerja pegawai pada di PT Prudential Life Assurance Dp3 Denpasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh insentif, motivasi, dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Prudential Life Assurance Dp3 Denpasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 179 orang, pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling dan jumlah sampel 50 responden Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial (uji t) variabel bebas Insentif dan Motivasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan, dan untuk Disiplin Kerja tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dan secara simultan (uji F) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel Insentif , Motivasi , dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT Prudential Life Assurance Dp3 Denpasar. Pengaruh ini bersifat simultan maupun parsial.