bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOOC learners' time‐investment patterns and temporal‐learning characteristics
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Shuang , Du Junlei , Pei Yu , Shen Xinyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFailure to effectively organize and manage learning time is an important factor influencing online learners' performance. Investigation of time‐investment patterns for online learning will provide educators with useful knowledge of how learners engage in and regulate their online learning and support them in tailoring online course design and teaching. However, understanding of how learners invest and manage their time during online learning remains limited.ObjectivesThis study aims to discover the typical time‐investment patterns of MOOC learners and their temporal‐learning characteristics based on a systematic time‐investment analysis framework and their relationship with learning performance.MethodsBased on a proposed time‐investment‐analysis framework, this study applied statistical, cluster and lag sequential analyses to investigate learners' time‐investment patterns and their relationships with learning performance, session time allocation, and learning sequences by analysing the learning data from 12,463 participants of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in China.Results and ConclusionsSeven time‐investment patterns of MOOC learners were defined, and learning performance was found to differ among them. Further analysis shows that high performers invested time throughout the whole course and allocated time to multiple activities, exam‐takers performed better in time management and produced more behavioural sequences related to cognitive strategy and recourse use, and learners’ motivation and prior knowledge affected the management and effectiveness of their time investment.ImplicationsThe results support the recognition and evaluation of online learning time‐investment patterns and suggest relevant cues for improving MOOC design and teaching.
Two short implants versus one short implant with a cantilever: 5‐Year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Wolleb Karin , Schellenberg Roman , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo test whether or not the use of a short implant with a cantilever results in similar clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to two adjacent short implants with single tooth reconstructions.Materials and methodsThirty‐six patients with two adjacent missing teeth in the posterior region were randomly assigned to receive either a single 6‐mm implant with a cantilever (ONE‐C) or two 6‐mm implants (TWO). Fixed reconstructions were inserted 3–6 months after implant placement and patients were re‐examined up to 5 years (FU‐5).ResultsA total of 26 patients were available for re‐examination at FU‐5. The survival rate amounted to 84.2% in ONE‐C and to 80.4% in TWO (inter‐group: p = .894). Technical complication rates amounted to 64.2% (ONE‐C) and to 54.4% (TWO) (inter‐group: p = 1.000). From baseline to FU‐5, the median changes of the marginal bone levels were 0.13 mm in ONE‐C and 0.05 mm in TWO (inter‐group: p = .775). Probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque control record values showed no significant differences between the two treatment modalities (p > .05).ConclusionsShort implants with a cantilever render similar clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to two adjacent short implants at 5 years, however, they tend to fail at earlier time points suggesting an overload of the implants. Considering the modest survival rates, the clinical indication of either treatment option needs to be carefully evaluated. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01649531).
Editorial: Money cannot buy happiness – but can it prevent depression? A commentary on Su et al.
Authors: Nasir Madeeha , Bloch Michael H. 
Published: August 2021

In this issue, we read with interest Research Review: Developmental origins of depression – a systematic review and meta‐analysis (Su et al., 2021). Su et al. (2021) conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis examining prenatal, perinatal and postnatal exposures and their association with depression in offspring. Su et al. (2021) evaluated twenty‐eight potential exposures and determined that 12 were associated with increased risk of depression in the offspring. These risk factors included low birth weight, premature birth, being small gestational age, maternal education, socioeconomic status, parental age, parental smoking, maternal stress, maternal anxiety and prenatal depression (Su et al., 2021). Strikingly, each of these developmental risk factors for depression in the offspring is known to be associated with poverty.
Mortality patterns during the freshwater production phase of salmonids in Norway
Authors: Gåsnes Siri Kristine , Oliveira Victor H. S. , Gismervik Kristine , Ahimbisibwe Ashley , Tørud Brit , Jensen Britt Bang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMortality in Norwegian salmonid aquaculture has a major influence on fish welfare and represents economic losses for producers. We reviewed the estimated monthly mortality for freshwater farms with Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout between 2011 and 2019. We built a regression model for mortality which included the variables year, weight group, season, region and farm. Additionally, we distributed questionnaires to farmers to gather information regarding potential causes of mortalities. The analysis of data for Atlantic salmon showed that median monthly mortality increased from 0.15% in 2011 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.06–0.39) to 0.25% (IQR: 0.1–0.67) in 2019. Mortality was highest in the North (0.27%, IQR: 0.11–0.72) and lowest in the Southwest region (0.16%, IQR: 0.07–0.4). The season with highest mortality was summer (0.24%, IQR: 0.1–0.64), while winter had the lowest (0.12%, IQR: 0.05–0.35). The smallest fish (3–12 g) showed highest mortality (0.31%, IQR: 0.14–0.69) compared to heavier fish. Results from the questionnaire showed that infectious or non‐infectious diseases were the most commonly reported causes of mortality. The mortality patterns described in this study identifies several important risk factors. Highlighting causal links is an important step to reducing mortality and improving welfare in the freshwater production phase of salmonids in Norway.
Associations of delirium with urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults aged 65 and older: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Krinitski Damir , Kasina Rafal , Klöppel Stefan , Lenouvel Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the associations of delirium with urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in individuals aged 65 and older.MethodsThe protocol for this systematic review and meta‐analysis was published on PROSPERO (CRD42020164341). Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, professional associations and experts in the field were additionally contacted. Studies with control groups reporting associations between delirium and UTI as well as delirium and AB in older adults were included. The random effects model meta‐analysis was conducted using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect size measures. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to rate the studies' quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and I2 tests. The effects of potential moderators were investigated by both subgroup and meta‐regression analyses. The risk of publication bias was evaluated using the funnel plot and Egger's test.ResultsTwenty nine relevant studies (16,618 participants) examining the association between delirium and UTI in older adults were identified. The association between delirium and UTI was found to be significant (OR 2.67; 95% CI 2.12–3.36; p < 0.001) and persisted regardless of potential confounders. The association between delirium and AB in older adults in the only eligible study found (192 participants) was insignificant (OR 1.62; 95% CI 0.57–4.65; p = 0.37). All included studies were of moderate quality.ConclusionThe results of this study support the association between delirium and UTI in older adults. Insufficient evidence was found to conclude on an association between delirium and AB in this age group. These findings are limited due to the moderate quality of the included studies and a lack of available research on the association between delirium and AB. Future studies should use the highest quality approaches for defining both delirium and UTI and consider AB in their investigations.
Perceptions of COVID‐19 vaccines among healthcare assistants: A national survey
Authors: Niznik Joshua D. , Harrison Jill , White Elizabeth M. , Syme Maggie , Hanson Laura C. , Kelley Casey J. , Porter Lori , Berry Sarah D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance among healthcare assistants (HCAs) may adversely impact older adults, who are at increased risk for severe COVID‐19 infections. Our study objective was to evaluate the perceptions of COVID‐19 vaccine safety and efficacy in a sample of frontline HCAs, overall and by race and ethnicity.MethodsAn online survey was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 through national e‐mail listserv and private Facebook page for the National Association of Health Care Assistants. Responses from 155 HCAs, including certified nursing assistants, home health aides, certified medical assistants, and certified medication technicians, were included. A 27‐item survey asked questions about experiences and perceptions of COVID‐19 vaccines, including how confident they were that COVID‐19 vaccines are safe, effective, and adequately tested in people of color. Multivariable regression was used to identify associations with confidence in COVID‐19 vaccines.ResultsWe analyzed data from 155 completed responses. Among respondents, 23.9% were black and 8.4% Latino/a. Most respondents worked in the nursing home setting (53.5%), followed by hospitals (12.9%), assisted living (11.6%), and home care (10.3%). Respondents expressed low levels of confidence in COVID‐19 vaccines, with fewer than 40% expressing at least moderate confidence in safety (38.1%), effectiveness (31.0%), or adequate testing in people of color (27.1%). Non‐white respondents reported lower levels of confidence in adequate testing of vaccines compared to white respondents. In bivariate and adjusted models, respondents who gave more favorable scores of organizational leadership at their workplace expressed greater confidence in COVID‐19 vaccines.ConclusionFrontline HCAs reported low confidence in COVID‐19 vaccines. Stronger organizational leadership in the workplace appears to be an important factor in influencing HCA's willingness to be vaccinated. Action is needed to enhance COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in this important population with employers playing an important role to build vaccine confidence and trust among employees.
A peer intervention reduces loneliness and improves socialwell‐beinginlow‐incomeolder adults: Amixed‐methodsstudy
Authors: Kotwal Ashwin A. , Fuller Shannon M. , Myers Janet J. , Hill Daniel , Tha Soe Han , Smith Alexander K. , M. Perissinotto Carla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation are needed, including among low‐income, community‐dwelling older adults of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Our objective was to assess the effect of a peer intervention in addressing loneliness, isolation, and behavioral health needs in this population.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐method, two‐year longitudinal study of a peer‐outreach intervention in 74 low‐income older adults recruited via an urban senior center in San Francisco. Structured participant surveys were conducted at baseline and every 6 months for up to 2 years. Outcomes included loneliness (3‐item UCLA loneliness scale), social interaction (10‐item Duke index), self‐perceived socializing barriers (range: 0–10), and depression (PHQ‐2 screen). Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Qualitative, semi‐structured interviews with participants (N = 15) and peers (N = 6) were conducted in English and Spanish and analyzed thematically.ResultsParticipants were on average 71 years old (range: 59–96 years), with 58% male, 15% LGBT, 18% African American, 19% Latinx, 8% Asian, 86% living alone, and 36% with an ADL impairment. On average, 43 contact visits (IQR: 31–97 visits) between participants and peers occurred over the first year. Loneliness scores decreased by, on average, 0.8 points over 24 months (p = 0.015). Participants reported reduced depression (38%–16%, p < 0.001) and fewer barriers to socializing (1.5 fewer, p < 0.001). Because of the longitudinal relationship and matching of characteristics of peers to participants, participants reported strong feelings of kinship, motivations to reach out in other areas of life, and improved mood.ConclusionDiverse older adults in an urban setting participating in a longitudinal peer program experienced reduced loneliness, depression, and barriers to socializing. Matching by shared backgrounds facilitated rapport and bonding between participants and peers.
Evaluation of the “partnership care model” on quality of life and activity of daily living in stroke patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadi Eesa , Hassandoost Fateme , Mozhdehipanah Hossein 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a widespread chronic disease which remains a serious problem for public health and is the cause of major disability and death in adults. Despite valuable efforts, these patients still need new care programs for recovery and rehabilitation.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the effect of the partnership care model (PCM) on quality of life (QOL) and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke participants.MethodThe study is a randomized clinical trial carried out in an educational and therapeutic center in 2019. Sixty‐seven participants (allocated randomly in intervention and control groups) with cerebrovascular accident who had hospitalization histories were selected. Data collection instruments were the Stroke‐Specific QOL scale and Lawton questionnaires. The care plan was developed and implemented for the intervention group after evaluating and recording basic information including demographic variables, care needs, and problems identified in the first PCM‐based stage. Ethics approval was obtained from the University / Regional Research Ethics Committee (IR.NIMAD.REC.1397.236).ResultsThe results show that the mean scores of the QOL significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group (before = 130.80; 3 months = 172.19; 6 months = 205.29) compared to the control group (before = 150; 3 months = 144.86; 6 months = 160.66). Also, the mean scores of the ADL significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group (before = 1.96; 3 months = 3.64; 6 months = 4.87) compared to the control group (p < .05). The effect size is equal to 0.501 and 0.245 for QOL and ADL, respectively.ConclusionThe findings show that the care program based on a PCM recovered the QOL and ADL of stroke participants more than other interventions.
Occupational facial dermatoses related to mask use in healthcare professionals
Authors: Altun Ece , Topaloglu Demir Filiz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMask use can lead to facial dermatoses due to factors, such as hyperhydration, seborrhea, high humidity caused by sweating, and the occlusive effect of the mask.AimWe investigated mask‐related facial dermatoses in healthcare personnel who, since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, had to wear a mask for long hours.MethodsIn this study, healthcare professionals working at Medipol Mega University Hospital since the beginning of the pandemic were screened for facial dermatoses between December 2020 and February 2021 with a dermatological examination and interview.ResultsOf the 101 healthcare professionals, 51 (50.5%) were doctors and 50 (49.5%) nurses, and 36 (35.6%) were male and 65 (64.4%) were female. All the participants had been actively working at the hospital for 35–46 weeks since the beginning of the pandemic and wearing N95 or surgical masks for an average of 6–13 h a day. During the dermatological examination, the most common facial dermatosis was acne, which was observed in 55.4% (n = 56) of the cases. Of the 56 acne cases, 41.1% (n = 23) had acne in their history, while 58.9% (n = 33) had new‐onset acne. Being female, using a N95 surgical mask compared to surgical mask, and the daily average duration of mask use were determined as risk factors for acne development due to mask use.ConclusionsThe use of masks, more frequently N95, caused both an increase in existing acne and the development of new acne.
The role of online consultation requests to personal social media accounts and instant messaging services of dermatologists in occupational burnout: An emerging problem
Authors: Demirel Öğüt Neslihan , Öğüt Çağrı , Eşme Pelin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBurnout affects all physicians, including dermatologists. Long working hours, high workload, and work‐related activities outside working hours are common risk factors for burnout that disrupt the work‐life balance. This study aimed to evaluate dermatologists’ approach to online consultation requests via social media (SM) and instant messaging services (IMS), the psychological effects of these consultations on dermatologists, and their relationship with burnout syndrome.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional, descriptive research was conducted as an online survey using Google Forms. The survey consisted of 55 items and was sent to dermatologists through a closed Facebook group of the Turkish Society of Dermatology. The burnout levels of dermatologists were evaluated using three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI): emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA).ResultsOut of the total 270 participants, 268 (99.3%) participants reported using SM and IMS, whereas 263 (98.1%) received personal consultation requests on these applications. Among all IMS, WhatsApp (n=258, 98.1%) was the most common IMS for online consultation requests. Median (IQR) scores for EE, DP, and PA subscales were 18 (11), 6 (5), and 21 (6), respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the frequency of online consultation requests and MBI‐EE subscale scores (r = 0.136; 95% CI, 0.013–0.254; p = 0.026). Fatigue (95.1%), anger (66.6%), and unhappiness (45.2%) were among the most common adverse effects of online consultations on dermatologists.ConclusionOnline consultation requests to dermatologists’ personal IMS and SM accounts can lead to burnout. The current study findings raise the awareness of the risks of burnout among dermatologists. There is an implicit need for further research, mobile apps other than frequently used IMS and SM apps, and regulations to avoid problems related to the consequences of online dermatology consultations through IMS and SM.
Prognostic significance of tumor budding, poorly differentiated cluster, and desmoplastic reaction in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Yamamoto Megumi , Kaizaki Yasuharu , Kogami Akiya , Hara Toshie , Sakai Yuya , Tsuchida Toru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe tumor budding (TB); poorly differentiated cluster (PDC); desmoplastic reaction (DR); and microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) patterns of invasion are pathological findings at the tumor invasion front associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the TB, PDC, DR, and MELF patterns in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC).MethodsTwo hundred and eight cases of histologically proven EEC retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, and diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe TB, PDC, DR, and MELF patterns were identified in 29 (13.9%), 47 (22.6%), 45 (21.6%), and 23 (11.1%) cases, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis with log‐rank test demonstrated that TB, PDC, and DR were associated with a lower progression‐free survival (p = 0.010, 0.002, and <0.0001, respectively), whereas the MELF pattern did not show any association (p = 0.668). In multivariate analyses, only DR was significantly associated with lower progression‐free survival (p = 0.034). Moreover, only PDC was associated with lower overall survival in univariate analysis (p = 0.018), but the association lost significance in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that the histological confirmation of TB, PDC, and DR at the tumor invasive front predicts poor prognosis in EEC. However, the MELF pattern was not a predictor of poor prognosis in EEC.
Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During COVID‐19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths
Authors: Deng Wisteria , Gadassi Polack Reuma , Creighton Mackenzie , Kober Hedy , Joormann Jutta 
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths’ mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth’s changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, Mage = 11.77) explores the relation between pre‐existing emotion regulation strategies, as measured by multi‐week daily diaries pre‐COVID, and youths’ mean positive and negative affect levels and variability during a 28‐day period amidst the pandemic, while including COVID‐related worries and isolation as important moderators. The findings provide important insight into interactions between pre‐existing vulnerabilities and COVID‐related stressors in predicting affective adjustment in youth.
Parental Support and Positive Mood Buffer Adolescents’ Academic Motivation During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Klootwijk Christel L. T. , Koele Iris J. , van Hoorn Jorien , Güroğlu Berna , van Duijvenvoorde Anna C. K. 
Published: August 2021

School closures during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020 severely disrupted adolescents’ lives. We used a daily diary method for 20 days, including online and physical school days, assessing daily mood, social support and conflict, and academic motivation in 102 adolescents aged 12–16 years. We found that adolescents’ academic motivation was lower on online compared with physical school days. In general, positive mood was positively associated with academic motivation, and friend conflict related negatively to academic motivation. Moreover, lower levels of parental support were related to lower academic motivation on online versus physical school days. Overall, these findings identified some critical changes in adolescents’ daily experiences during the COVID‐19 school closure and social‐emotional factors that may buffer decreases in adolescents’ academic motivation.
Friend Support and Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adolescence During COVID‐19
Authors: Bernasco Esther L. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , van der Graaff Jolien , Branje Susan 
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment and social relationships across the world. This prospective longitudinal study examined whether internalizing problems during the pandemic could be predicted by precrisis friend support, and whether this effect was moderated by the time adolescents spent with their friends and COVID‐19‐related stress. 245 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 11.60) participated before and during COVID‐19. Higher pre‐COVID‐19 friend support predicted less (self‐reported and parent‐reported) internalizing problems during COVID‐19, and this effect was not moderated by the time adolescents spent with friends or COVID‐19‐related stress. Friends may thus protect against developing internalizing symptoms in times of crisis. We also found the reverse effect: Internalizing problems before COVID‐19 were predictive of friend support during COVID‐19.