bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intertemporal Choices Are Causally Influenced by Fluctuations in Visual Attention
Authors: Fisher Geoffrey 
Published: January 2021

Intertemporal discount rates vary widely across contexts and individuals. We propose that a sizable fraction of this variation results from differences in how visual attention is allocated to different features of the decision, such as earlier versus future rewards, and that fluctuations in attentional patterns alter choices. We first tested this hypothesis in an experiment in which participants chose between receiving smaller-sooner versus larger-later monetary rewards while their attention was recorded with eye tracking. We found that cross-participant variation in the allocation of attention explained between 40% and 53% of the individual differences in discounting and that cross-trial variation explained 16% of the participants’ propensity to choose the delayed option. To test causality, multiple additional experiments exogenously manipulated the allocation of visual attention and found that shifting attention to attributes that are relatively more attractive in a larger-later option increased patient decision making and altered purchasing behavior. Together, these results are consistent with the existence of a causal impact of visual attention on intertemporal choice and suggest that manipulating attention can have a sizeable impact for important managerial and public policy choice domains. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.
A new construction of anticode-optimal Grassmannian codes
Authors: DELA CRUZ Ben Paul , LAMPOS John Mark , PALİNES Herbert , SİSON Virgilio 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we consider the well-known unital embedding from $\FF_{q^k}$ into $M_k(\FF_q)$ seen as a map of vector spaces over $\FF_q$ and apply this map in a linear block code of rate $\rho/\ell$ over $\FF_{q^k}$. This natural extension gives rise to a rank-metric code with $k$ rows, $k\ell$ columns, dimension $\rho$ and minimum distance $k$ that satisfies the Singleton bound. Given a specific skeleton code, this rank-metric code can be seen as a Ferrers diagram rank-metric code by appending zeros on the left side so that it has length $n-k$.	The generalized lift of this Ferrers diagram rank-metric code is a Grassmannian code. By taking the union of a family of the generalized lift of Ferrers diagram rank-metric codes, a Grassmannian code with length $n$, cardinality $\frac{q^n-1}{q^k-1}$, minimum injection distance $k$ and dimension $k$ that satisfies the anticode upper bound can be constructed.
Total Phenolic Fraction (TPF) from Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Induction of apoptotic-like cell death in Leishmania spp. promastigotes and in vivo potential of therapeutic immunomodulation
Authors: Karampetsou Kalliopi , Koutsoni Olga S. , Gogou Georgia , Angelis Apostolis , Skaltsounis Leandros-Alexios , Dotsika Eleni 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundLeishmaniasis is a serious multifactorial parasitic disease with limited treatment options. Current chemotherapy is mainly consisted of drugs with serious drawbacks such as toxicity, variable efficacy and resistance. Alternative bioactive phytocompounds may provide a promising source for discovering new anti-leishmanial drugs. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), a key-product in the Mediterranean diet, is rich in phenols which are associated with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial effects. In this study, we investigate the anti-leishmanial effect of Total Phenolic Fraction (TPF) derived from EVOO in bothin vitroandin vivosystems by investigating the contributing mechanism of action.Methodology/Principal findingsWe tested the ability of TPF to cause apoptotic-like programmed cell death inL.infantumandL.majorexponential-phase promastigotes by evaluating several apoptotic indices, such as reduction of proliferation rate, sub-G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and increased ROS production, by using flow cytometry and microscopy techniques. Moreover, we assessed the therapeutic effect of TPF inL.major-infected BALB/c mice by determining skin lesions, parasite burden in popliteal lymph nodes,Leishmania-specific antibodies and biomarkers of tissue site cellular immune response, five weeks post-treatment termination. Our results show that TPF triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic-like changes inLeishmaniaspp. promastigotes. Moreover, TPF treatment induces significant reduction of parasite burden in draining lymph nodes together with an antibody profile indicative of the polarization of Th1/Th2 immune balance towards the protective Th1-type response, characterized by the presence of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cells and increased Tbx21/GATA-3 gene expression ratio in splenocytes.Conclusions/SignificanceTPF exhibits chemotherapeutic anti-leishmanial activity by inducing programmed cell death on cell-free promastigotes and immunomodulatory properties that inducein vivoT cell-mediated responses towards the protective Th1 response in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. These findings enable deeper understanding of TPF’s dual mode of action that encourages further studies.
Proportion of children aged 9–59 months reached by the 2017 measles supplementary immunization activity among the children with or without history of measles vaccination in Lilongwe district, Malawi
Authors: Kainga Hamilton Wales , Ssendagire Steven , Ssanyu Jacquellyn Nambi , Nabukeera Sarah , Namuhani Noel , Mangen Fred Wabwire 
Published: January 2021

Background
The measles Supplementary Immunization Activity (SIA) was implemented in June, 2017 to close immunity gaps by providing an additional opportunity to vaccinate children aged between 9 months and up to 14 years in Lilongwe District, Malawi. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of eligible children that were reached by the 2017 measles SIA among those children with or without history of measles vaccination, and possible reasons for non-vaccination.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey using mixed methods was conducted. Caretakers of children who were eligible for the 2017 measles SIA were sampled from 19 households from each of the 25 clusters (villages) that were randomly selected in Lilongwe District. A child was taken to have been vaccinated if the caretaker was able to explain when and where the child was vaccinated. Eight Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with planners and health care workers who were involved in the implementation of the 2017 measles SIA. Modified Poisson regression was used to examine the association between non-vaccination and child, caretaker and household related factors. A thematic analysis of transcripts from KIIs was also conducted to explore health system factors associated with non-vaccination of eligible children in this study.

Results
A total of 476 children and their caretakers were surveyed. The median age of the children was 52.0 months. Overall, 41.2% [95% CI 36.8–45.7] of the children included in the study were not vaccinated during the SIA. Only 59.6% of children with previous measles doses received SIA dose; while 77% of those without previous measles vaccination were reached by the SIA. Low birth order, vaccination history under routine services, low level of education among caretakers, unemployment of the household head, younger household head, provision of insufficient information by health authorities about the SIA were significantly associated with non-vaccination among eligible children during the 2017 measles SIA. Qualitative findings revealed strong beliefs against vaccinations, wrong perceptions about the SIA (from caretakers’ perspectives), poor delivery of health education, logistical and human resource challenges as possible reasons for non-vaccination.

Conclusion
Many children (41%) were left unvaccinated during the SIA and several factors were found to be associated with this finding. The Lilongwe District Health Team should endeavor to optimize routine immunization program; and community mobilization should be intensified as part of SIA activities.
Robust radiogenomics approach to the identification of EGFR mutations among patients with NSCLC from three different countries using topologically invariant Betti numbers
Authors: Ninomiya Kenta , Arimura Hidetaka , Chan Wai Yee , Tanaka Kentaro , Mizuno Shinichi , Muhammad Gowdh Nadia Fareeda , Yaakup Nur Adura , Liam Chong-Kin , Chai Chee-Shee , Ng Kwan Hoong 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
To propose a novel robust radiogenomics approach to the identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using Betti numbers (BNs).

Materials and methods
Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) images of 194 multi-racial NSCLC patients (79 EGFR mutants and 115 wildtypes) were collected from three different countries using 5 manufacturers’ scanners with a variety of scanning parameters. Ninety-nine cases obtained from the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) in Malaysia were used for training and validation procedures. Forty-one cases collected from the Kyushu University Hospital (KUH) in Japan and fifty-four cases obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) in America were used for a test procedure. Radiomic features were obtained from BN maps, which represent topologically invariant heterogeneous characteristics of lung cancer on CT images, by applying histogram- and texture-based feature computations. A BN-based signature was determined using support vector machine (SVM) models with the best combination of features that maximized a robustness index (RI) which defined a higher total area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) and lower difference of AUCs between the training and the validation. The SVM model was built using the signature and optimized in a five-fold cross validation. The BN-based model was compared to conventional original image (OI)- and wavelet-decomposition (WD)-based models with respect to the RI between the validation and the test.

Results
The BN-based model showed a higher RI of 1.51 compared with the models based on the OI (RI: 1.33) and the WD (RI: 1.29).

Conclusion
The proposed model showed higher robustness than the conventional models in the identification of EGFR mutations among NSCLC patients. The results suggested the robustness of the BN-based approach against variations in image scanner/scanning parameters.
Is Holosteum glutinosum (M. Bieb.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. (Caryophyllaceae: Alsinoideae) just a subtaxon of H. umbellatum L. or a distinct species?
Authors: Fateryga Alexander V. , Fateryga Valentina V. , Sokolova Irina V. , Svirin Sergey A. , Yena Andrey V. , Yevseyenkov Pavel E. 
Published: January 2021

The genus Holosteum L. distributed mostly in temperate Eurasia has very confused taxonomy. Modern estimation of the species richness varies from one species worldwide to seven species occurring just in Eastern Europe. One of the most problematic species of the genus is H. glutinosum(M. Bieb.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey. usually treated as a subspecies or a variety of H. umbellatum L. On the base of extensive study of the protologues, type material, a rich variety of other herbarium specimens, photos of all relevant taxa, and living plants in the field we recognize H. glutinosum as a distinct species. This species has three characters unique in the genus Holosteum: pure green color of leaves and sepals, completely herbaceous bracts, and lanceolate leaves; additional diagnostic characters are 10 stamens, dense glandular pilosity of leaves, sepals, bracts, stem, and pedicels, and entire petals longer than sepals. The species also has statistically significant differences from H. umbellatum (longer leaves, longer and wider petals, and longer capsule) while occurring in sympatry with it. Two subspecies are recognized within H. glutinosum: H. glutinosum subsp. glutinosumdistributed in Caspian Depression, Transcaucasia, Western and Middle Asia, and H. glutinosum subsp. liniflorum Fateryga, nom. et stat. nov. (≡ H. liniflorum Steven ex Fisch. et C. A. Mey. 1840 [non 1837], nom. illeg.), presumably endemic to the Crimea. The lectotypes are designated for the latter name and also for H. glandulosum Bertol., H. umbellatum var. pleiandrum Fenzl, H. imberbe J. Gay, nom. illeg. superfl., H. imberbe var. brachypetalum J. Gay, and H. imberbe var. macropetalum J. Gay. Reports of H. glutinosum from most European countries (other than Russia) are considered to be erroneous due to numerous misidentifications in herbaria and incorrect synonymy (e. g., with H. heuffelii Wierzb., which is actually conspecific with H. umbellatum). A key to the species and subspecies is provided; a total of six taxa are recognized in the genus: H. breistrofferi Greuter et Charpin, H. glutinosum subsp. glutinosum, H. glutinosum subsp. liniflorum, H. marginatum C. A. Mey., H. tenerrimum Boiss., and H. umbellatum.
A study of in vitro metabolism and cytotoxicity of mephedrone and methoxetamine in human and pig liver models using GC/MS and LC/MS analyses
Authors: Alshamaileh Majed , Hussain Issam , Baron Mark , Croxton Ruth , Vetter Marleen , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the current study, the metabolism of two novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), mephedrone and methoxetamine (MXE), was studied in vitro in pig liver microsomes to determine potential metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Later, in vitro studies were performed using HepaRG™ cells to determine the human metabolites of these drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was to detect metabolites from the metabolic mixture in the human cell lines using GC-MS, since this is a more readily available technique within forensic laboratories. Microsomes were prepared through a conventional ultracentrifugation method and incubated under optimized conditions with the drugs for 3 h. Subsequently, the samples were investigated using LC-MS. A similar methodology was then applied in the HepaRG™ cells, and the GC-MS conditions were optimized using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide as a derivatization agent. The analysis showed two molecules from a successful in vitro metabolism, namely, hydroxytoly-mephedrone and nor-dihydro mephedrone. For MXE, two metabolites are presented produced by the O-demethylation and reduction of the ketone moiety to the corresponding alcohol, respectively. Using the human HepaRG™ cells, only nor-dihydro mephedrone could be identified by GC-MS. Since hydroxytoly-mephedrone and the MXE metabolites are more polar, it is suggested that GC-MS even with derivatization may not be suitable. In addition, cytotoxicity was studied utilizing HepaRG™ cell lines. The drugs show cytotoxic effects causing in vitro cell death, within the specified range of EC50 0.3211 mM (79 μg/mL) and 0.6297 mM (111 μg/mL) for mephedrone and MXE, respectively. These drugs were able to cause 73–84% cell death.
CircRNA circ_0004370 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits cell apoptosis of esophageal cancer via miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Sun Hongwen , Zhao Yunping , Zhang Jing , Xiong Guosheng , Cui Yue , Lei Changcheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the circ_0004370 expression in EC, its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in EC.

Methods
The protein levels of COL1A1 and EMT-related proteins were detected by western blot. The role of circ_0004370 on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion. The binding sites between miR-1301-3p and circ_0004370 or COL1A1 were predicted by starbase software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay.

Results
We discovered that circ_0004370 was remarkably upregulated in EC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0004370 inhibited cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion, and promoted apoptosis in vitro, while its effect was rescued by miR-1301-3p inhibition. And circ_0004370 mediated the EMT process in EC cells. Moreover, we explored its regulatory mechanism and found that circ_0004370 directly bound to miR-1301-3p and COL1A1 was verified as a target of miR-1301-3p. COL1A1 was highly expressed in EC cells and upregulation of COL1A1 reversed the effects of miR-1301-3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, silencing of circ_0004370 reduced tumor volumes and weights in vivo. We showed that circ_0004370/miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis played the critical role in EC to regulate the cell activities.

Conclusion
Circ_0004370 promotes EC proliferation, migration and invasion, and EMT process and suppresses apoptosis by regulating the miR-1301-3p/COL1A1 axis, indicating that circ_0004370 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for EC.
Bioactive peptide effect on brain activity identified by 2D brain mapping
Authors: Turnip Arjon , Kusumandari Dwi Esti , Simbolon Arta Inovita , Duhita Narendra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soybean is a grain product that has a lot of protein content. Bioactive peptides derived from soybean protein are believed to have the ability to maintain brain health such as the neurotransmitter system. Brain mapping is a mapping of the electrical activity of the brain to study the functional human brain. In this study, 2D brain mapping based on power spectrum is proposed to see the differences in brain activity in adolescents before and 1 h after consuming soy peptide using the 19-channel electroencephalogram. In the experiment, the adolescents in an age range of 16–24 years were involved (fasting in the span of 7–8 h before the experiment). The 2D brain mapping results showed that after consuming soy peptide, the subject as seen from alpha waves experienced an increase in activity by 5%.
Is organic agriculture a potential public health indicator? Evidence from literature
Authors: Ferreira Fátima , Mendes-Moreira Pedro , Botelho Goreti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic agriculture is a system of production whose principles are health, ecology, fairness, and care. Bearing in mind the principle of health and its links to agriculture and human health, the main goal of this work is to suggest the inclusion of organic agriculture as a public health indicator. For this purpose, four scientific online databases such as b-on, PubMed®, Scielo, and ScienceDirect were used for searching the research publications relating organic agriculture (and organic farming) with human health. However, no study suggesting organic agriculture as a public health indicator has been found. For this reason, a pictorial conceptual model that advocates the inclusion of organic agriculture as an indicator of public health was developed for the first time. This proposal intends to provide a tool that can be used by organizations and public health institutions when revising and updating their health indicators.
Updated management of occipital nerve stimulator lead migration: case report of a technical challenge
Authors: De Andres Jose , Formicola Giuseppe Luca , Rubio-Haro Ruben , De Andres-Serrano Carmen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electrode migration is a challenge, even with adequate anchoring techniques, due to the high mechanical stress on components of occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) for headache disorders. When a lead displacement of an ONS implant is diagnosed, there are currently different approaches described for its management. Nevertheless current neuromodulation devices are designed like a continuum of components without any intermediate connector, and if a lead displacement is diagnosed, the solution is the complete removal of the electrode from its placement, and its repositioning through an ex-novo procedure. The described technique can allow ONS leads to be revised while minimizing the need to reopen incisions over the IPG, thus improving patients’ intraoperative and postoperative discomfort, shortening surgical time and medical costs, reasonably reducing the incidence of infective postoperative complications.
Von links nach rechts: Wandel der regionalen Unterstützung für die technokratisch-populistische Bewegung ANO 2011 bei den tschechischen Parlamentswahlen 2013 und 2017
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel , Novotny Lukas 
Published: January 2021

Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Dominanz der ANO-Bewegung insbesondere am Beispiel der zwei Parlamentswahlen von 2013 und 2017 zu erklären und damit zur Diskussion über den "technokratischen Populismus" beizutragen. Während in Kapitel 1 der Begriff des technokratischen Populismus erläutert wird, beschäftigt sich das nächste Kapitel mit der Protestbewegung ANO 2011 und deren Erfolgen als Beispiel des technokratischen Populismus. Die Analyse präsentiert Befunde der Parteienforschung sowie der Wahlgeographie und gibt Antworten auf folgende Frage: Überschreitet die räumliche Unterstützung der ANO-Bewegung angesichts ihrer programmatischen Entideologisierung und ihres technokratisch-kommunikativen Stils die langfristigen räumlichen Trennlinien des WählerInnenspektrums, oder ist sie vorzugsweise in traditionell linken oder rechten Gebieten der Tschechischen Republik erfolgreicher, übernimmt also nur WählerInnen aus den traditionellen Blöcken des traditionellen Parteienspektrums?
Inserción laboral y diversidad funcional: un estudio compostelano con perspectiva de género
Authors: Mariño Fernández Raquel , González Río Gemma 
Published: January 2021

El empleo se considera un eje central de la inclusión y su ausencia conlleva una serie de carencias sociales, educativas, de participación e igualdad, que desembocan en una vulnerabilidad social. En el caso de las mujeres, su ausencia multiplica la incidencia de otras variables que dificultan su plena inclusión social.
La Agenda 2030 (ONU, 2015), establece 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) que, de forma transversal, incluyen en su objetivo cinco la perspectiva de género. En pleno transcurso a favor del desarrollo sostenible, nos planteamos estudiar el cómo se están llevando a cabo acciones locales en la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela, que contemplen la inclusión laboral de mujeres con diversidad funcional.
Para ello, seguimos un enfoque metodológico de doble vertiente: se realiza un análisis profundo de normativa, programas y recursos web de instituciones destacadas del ámbito compostelano; y se encuesta a informantes clave para conocer los aspectos que favorecen la inserción laboral de este colectivo. Las entidades participantes son Down Compostela, FADEMGA Plena Inclusión Galicia, COGAMI y ACADAR