bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Conventional Surgery in the Management of Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Hossain Mohammod Jamal , Alam Md Morshed , Rahman Masroor , Ali Mohammad Idris , Sarwar SM 
Published: April 2021

Background & objective: The interest in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in the management of chronic sinusitis is increasing day by day. The proponents of FESS for the treatment of chronic sinusitis claim that it is superior to conventional sinus surgery in the management of the disease, but there are limited studies addressing the issue. The present study was undertaken to make a comparative evaluation between FESS and conventional surgery in the treatment of chronic sinusitis.
Materials & Methods: This prospective study was conducted between October 2005 to March 2006 in the Department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka. A total of 60 patients of chronic sinusitis with failed conservative treatment or chronic sinusitis with polyps admitted for surgical treatment were included. Selected patients irrespective of age and sex were randomly assigned to either FESS (n=30) or conventional surgery (n=30) followed by respective interventions. Baseline clinical characteristics, image findings and outcome variables were studied.
Result: Majority of the patients (around 70%) in either group was in their second and third decades of life. Males were a bit higher in the FESS group. Nasal obstruction was the predominant complaints (75%) followed by nasal discharge (68.3%) and headache (66.7%). X-ray of paranasal sinuses showed opacity in maxillary antrum and nasal fossa in 90% and mucosal thickening in maxillary antrum in 58.3% cases. CT scan showed isodense shadow in ethmoid region and nasal fossa (86.7%) with blocked osteomeatal complex (OMC) on both sides (73.3%) and mucosal thickening in maxillary antrum (46.7%). The indications for FESS were chronic sinusitis with ethmoidal polyp (73.3%), while that for conventional surgery was chronic sinusitis alone (56.7%). Majority (83.3%) of the FESS group and two-thirds (66.7%) of the conventional group had unilateral operation. Most (90%) of the FESS group required nasal or antral packing during procedure than that of the conventional group (43.3%) (p<0.001). Complete recovery was significantly higher in the former group (70%) than that in the latter group (40%) (p = 0.047). Shorter hospital stay (up to 2 days) was observed in majority of the former group patients (0.001). In terms of complications, periorbital oedema was appreciably lower and numbness of the cheek was completely absent in FESS group than those in the Conventional group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005 respectively).
Conclusion: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery offers higher success and lower morbidity than conventional surgery in the management of chronic sinusitis with or without polyp. However, proper training is mandatory to acquire proficiency in FESS.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(1): 16-21
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS): A Case History
Authors: Khatun Hazera , Rahman Tarannum 
Published: April 2021

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is an inherited X-linked recessive disease with a mutation in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene resulting in - functioning of Y sex chromosome and abnormality on X sex chromosome, where affected individuals have male chromosomes and male gonads with complete or partial feminization of the external genitals. Recently a case of complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is reported at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka. A 15 years old school girl was admitted with primary amenorrhea with bilateral inguinal hernia. Diagnosis of complete AIS is confirmed by discovering an adult male testosterone level, 46, XY karyotype, absence of axillary and pubic hair and a shallow vagina, with no cervix or uterus.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(1): 33-37
Outcome of Short-Term and Long Term Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Colostomy Closure
Authors: Uddin Md Jamal Saleh , Chakrabarti Sukumar , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic prophylaxis is a common practice in children undergoing colostomy closure for anorectal malformation, Hirschsprung's disease. Traditionally, antibiotics are given for unnecessarily longer period of time, which consumes scarce health resources having alternate efficient use. The present study was undertaken to compare the outcome between short-term and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis in colostomy closure.
Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka over a period of 15 months from April 2001 to June 2002. Children admitted with anorectal malformation, Hirschsprung's disease for colostomy closures were the study population. However, immuno-compromised children or children already getting antibiotics were excluded from the study. A total of 46 such children were consecutively included and were randomly allocated to long-term group (n = 21) and short-term group (n = 25). The long-term group received antibiotic up to 5th postoperative day, while the short-term group received the same antibiotic up to 2nd postoperative day. Transverse colostomy was the main procedure employed in colostomy closure; however, a few patients required sigmoid colostomy. The outcome measures were incidence of wound infection, hospital stay and cost of treatment.
Result: Majority of the children were between 1 - 5 years of age (75% in short-term and 50% in long-term group) followed by under 1 year (10% in short-term and 40% in long-term group) and > 5 years (15% in short-term and 10% in long-term group). The overall male to female ratio was 3:1. Majority (85%) of the patients in both long­term and short-term groups belonged to lower income group. Over half (52.2%) of the children had anorectal malformations (ARM) and the rest (47.8%) had Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Children were generally malnourished according to Gomez classification. Majority (91%) was operated on by transverse colostomy and few (9%) by sigmoid colostomy. Three patients in each group developed postoperative wound infection. Blood culture of none of these patients yielded growth of any organism, though wound swab culture did so in 5 cases out of 6 infected patients. In 2 cases, the organism was E.coli, in 2 cases, it was Pseudomonas and in one case Staph. aureus. Total cost of antibiotics in short-term therapy was less than 50% of that required in long-term therapy. The outcome in terms of recovery, complications and postoperative hospital stay was no different between groups.
Conclusion: The study concluded that short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is as efficacious as long-term in preventing wound infection in patients with colostomy closure for anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is cost-effective
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(2): 43-48
Fatores associados à funcionalidade nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária em idosos brasileiros
Authors: Barbosa Felipe Douglas Silva , Melo Camilla Louise de , Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A redução da capacidade funcional nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária pode acompanhar o processo de envelhecimento, as quais permitem independência para participação na comunidade. A avaliação dessas atividades parece ser mais sensível a processos iniciais de alterações na funcionalidade de idosos. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à funcionalidade nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária em idosos brasileiros. Metodologia: Foram utilizados os dados referentes à população idosa da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Utilizou-se como variável desfecho a “Capacidade funcional nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária” e dependentes as condições sociodemográficas, saúde e estilo de vida e, risco cardiovascular. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla para amostras complexas para a análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 11177 participantes. Foi observada para ambos os sexos associação significativa entre a “Capacidade Funcional nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária” e as variáveis “Idade”, “Situação conjugal”, “Percepção de saúde”, “Queda nos últimos 12 meses”, “consumo de álcool” e “Nível de Atividade Física”. Para o sexo feminino, apenas a “Pressão arterial sistólica”. Conclusão: Estiveram associadas à funcionalidade nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária no idosos condições sociodemográficas, de saúde e estilo de vida e, relacionadas ao risco cardiovascular.
Assistência de enfermagem à pacientes com úlceras venosas atendidos em um Hospital Universitário: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Ribeiro Aclênia Maria Nascimento , Costa Gabriela Oliveira Parentes da , Siqueira Roxana Mesquita de Oliveira Teixeira , Braga Francisca das Chagas Sheyla Almeida Gomes , Leite Yara Maria Rêgo , Rezende Verônica Elis Araújo , Gonçalves Pâmela Caroline Guimarães , Vale Carolina Silva , Santos Maria Lailda de Assis , Ferreira Ravena de Sousa Alencar , Jatobá Diana Nogueira Villa , Fernandes Ana Rachel Cavalcante Araújo , Castro Mara Cléssia de Oliveira 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Entre as doenças crônicas que mais acometem os adultos estão as úlceras venosas crônicas, que são consideradas uma síndrome que causa perda tecidual, capaz de atingir o tecido subcutâneo e adjacentes, principalmente nas extremidades dos membros inferiores. Essas lesões podem permanecer por muito tempo e ter uma recorrência frequente, levando de meses a anos, para que ocorra a epitelização tecidual. Metodologia: Trata-se de um relato de experiência que descreve aspectos vivenciados por residentes de enfermagem, na oportunidade do ingresso em um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde de uma Universidade Federal do Nordeste, cujas atividades práticas foram desenvolvidas em diversos setores de um hospital universitário, incluindo o ambulatório de estomaterapia. Resultados e discussões: As atividades desenvolvidas no ambulatório de estomaterapia pelas residentes foram diversas e variaram desde a realização dos curativos até o acolhimento ao paciente nas consultas de enfermagem, fornecendo orientações para o autocuidado e para o correto manejo das úlceras venosas, incentivo a alimentação saudável e manutenção do tratamento e apoio aos pacientes e familiares permitindo assim um atendimento integral. Conclusão: Assim, acredita-se que a experiência permitiu a consolidação de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos, ganho de autonomia, desenvolvimento de habilidades e destreza manual durante a realização dos curativos, avaliando e investigando os aspectos físicos e sistêmicos que interferem no processo de cicatrização, e ainda, constituiu-se como uma oportunidade favorável para a aplicação da SAE a nível ambulatorial.
Magnetic nanoparticles for components of MRI diagnostics and electronic devices
Authors: Korsakova Alina S. , Kotsikau Dzmitry A. , Livanovich Kanstantsin S. , Shutava Tatsiana G. , Haiduk Yulyan S. , Pankov Vladimir V. 
Published: April 2021

The formation of single-phase solid solutions of iron oxide and manganese oxide with a spinel structure in MnxFe3 – xO4 system (x = 0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.8) has been established by methods of X-ray phase analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The maximum saturation magnetization was found for the composition Mn0.3 Fe2.7O4 (Ms = 68 A ⋅ m2 ⋅ kg−1 at 300 K and Ms = 85 A ⋅ m2 ⋅ kg−1 at 5 K), which is associated with a change in the cationic distribution over tetrahedral and octahedral voids. The materials obtained were stabilized in the form of colloidal solutions using a number of polyelectrolytes. It was found that poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) had the best stabilizing effect due to its structural features. A method for controlling the magnetic properties of magnetite by partial replacement of iron ions in the magnetite structure with manganese is proposed. Changing the magnitude of the magnetization and coercive force is possible by changing the degree of substitution. Relatively high values of specific magnetization, as well as uniformity of magnetic particles in size, can be of practical interest, for the manufacture of contrast agents in MRI diagnostics.
The role of sports participation in the association between students’ body image concerns and disordered eating
Authors: Balčiūnienė Vaiva , Jankauskienė Rasa , Bacevičienė Miglė 
Published: April 2021

Background. Body image concerns (BICs) negatively influence young people’s health as they mutilate psychosocial functioning and lifestyle. The present study aimed to compare BICs, socio-cultural attitudes towards appearance, and disordered eating (DE) in a large sample of student women and men of different body mass (BMI) and physical activity and to evaluate the mediating role of sports participation in the association between BICs and DE.
Methods. A total sample of 1850 students (1087 or 58.8% were women, average age 21.6 ± 5.0 years) participated in the study and completed a questionnaire measuring BICs, internalization of the socio-cultural appearance ideals, drive for muscularity, DE, physical activity (PA), and BMI. Two hundred eighty-two men and two hundred eighty-eight women reported leisure-time participation in sports. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to test gender, BMI group, and sports participation effects on study variables. Moderated leisure-time exercise at a sports club effects were tested in the association between body image concerns (BICs) and disordered eating behaviours (DE).
Results. Overweight/obese students reported greater BICs, internalization of the stereotyped appearance ideals, and DE compared to students of normal body weight. Participants of sports clubs demonstrated higher appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction; however, they reported higher overweight preoccupation, internalization of socio-cultural ideals, drive for muscularity (men), and DE. A higher level of BMI, BICs, internalization of socio-cultural body ideals, and drive for muscularity (in men) were associated with greater DE in students. Participation in sports was not a significant moderator between BICs and DE. A significant interaction effect between BMI and exercising at a sports club was observed in women. Conditional effects demonstrated that female students with higher BMI and exercising at a sports club were at higher risk of DE (β = .18, p < .001) than women non-exercising at a sports club (β = .13, p < .001).
Conclusions. Overweight students of both genders reported greater BICs and DE. Sports-involved students (men and women) demonstrated more favourable body appearance evaluation. However, sports participants of both genders demonstrated greater BICs and DE compared to non-exercisers. Sports participation had no significant mediating power on the associations between BICs and DE; however, women with higher BMI and participating in leisure-time sports faced a greater risk for DE than women with higher BMI but not participating in sports. The promotion of a positive body image was important to students, especially female students with higher BMI and participating in leisure sports.
Keywords: body image concerns, disordered eating, physical activity, sport clubs, emerging adults.
Preclinical Evaluation of Carfilzomib for Infant KMT2A-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Cheung Laurence C. , de Kraa Rebecca , Oommen Joyce , Chua Grace-Alyssa , Singh Sajla , Hughes Anastasia M. , Ferrari Emanuela , Ford Jette , Chiu Sung K. , Stam Ronald W. , Kees Ursula R. , Malinge Sébastien , Kotecha Rishi S. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInfants withKMT2A-rearranged B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have poor outcomes. There is an urgent need to identify novel agents to improve survival. Proteasome inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for several hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the preclinical efficacy of the selective proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, for infants withKMT2A-rearranged ALL.MethodsEight infant ALL cell lines were extensively characterized for immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features.In vitrocytotoxicity to carfilzomib was assessed using a modified Alamar Blue assay with cells in logarithmic growth. The Bliss Independence model was applied to determine synergy between carfilzomib and the nine conventional chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infants with ALL. Established xenograft models were used to identify the maximal tolerated dose of carfilzomib and determinein vivoefficacy.ResultsCarfilzomib demonstrated low IC50concentrations within the nanomolar range (6.0–15.8 nm) across the panel of cell lines. Combination drug testing indicatedin vitrosynergy between carfilzomib and several conventional chemotherapeutic agents including vincristine, daunorubicin, dexamethasone, L-asparaginase, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide.In vivoassessment did not lead to a survival advantage for either carfilzomib monotherapy, when used to treat both low or high disease burden, or for carfilzomib in combination with multi-agent induction chemotherapy comprising of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase.ConclusionsOur study highlights thatin vitroefficacy does not necessarily translate to benefitin vivoand emphasizes the importance ofin vivovalidation prior to suggesting an agent for clinical use. Whilst proteasome inhibitors have an important role to play in several hematological malignancies, our findings guard against prioritization of carfilzomib for treatment ofKMT2A-rearranged infant ALL in the clinical setting.
Modeling Approach to Optimizing Dose Regimen of Vancomycin for Chinese Pediatric Patients with Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Authors: Shen Kai , Fan Yaxin , Yang Minjie , Chen Yuancheng , Tao Jinhao , Lu Guoping , Zhang Hong , Huang Qiwei , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to establish the population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of Vancomycin for Chinese pediatric patients which can extrapolate to whole age periods by bridging the published adult population PK model and the established pediatric population PK model. The final consolidated population PK model was used to explore the correlation of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) indices and efficacy of vancomycin and to provide evidence for the optimized regimen of vancomycin in Chinese pediatric patients with Gram-positive bacterial infection. 108 pediatric patients with Gram-positive infections from 2 pediatric hospitals in China in the first period of the prospective multi-center vancomycin clinical observational study were enrolled to establish the population PK model. A one-compartment population PK model was established and validated. The correlation between vancomycin PK/PD indices [trough concentration (Cmin), peak concentration (Cmax), 0–24 h area under the curve (AUC0–24) and the area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC0–24/MIC)] and the overall clinical outcomes (clinical efficacy and microbiological efficacy) in Chinese pediatric patients were evaluated. There is no significant correlation between PK/PD indices and clinical efficacy or microbiological efficacy. Considering the high clinical effective rate (&gt;90%) and median AUC0–24/MIC values of 200–300, Chinese pediatric patients with Gram-positive bacterial infection may be suitable for lower AUC0–24/MIC target value compared to the target value of 400–600 recommended by IDSA guideline. Different optimal dose regimen of vancomycin for Chinese pediatric patients should be considered. Further evaluation in more prospective studies will be needed.
Cognitive Algorithms for Learning Foreign Languages: Psycholinguistics Approach
Authors: Koval Natalia 
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the undertaken research consists in considering psycholinguistics an interdisciplinary field, which studies the interrelation between mind and language. It is important to perceive learning foreign language as an act of cognition, experience, and creativity in the psycholinguistic aspect of studying. Psycholinguistics concerns with the study of the cognitive process that supports the acquisition and use of language.
The purpose of the paper is to reveal the importance of psycholinguistics approach and cognitive science for learning a foreign language in the context of psycholinguistic approach and cognitive methods for learning second language, based on achievements of the “Scientific School of A.V. Khutorsky”.
Methodology is of an overview-analytical nature with an attempt to apply cognitive techniques to learning. Our observations on the psycholinguistic approach and the cognitive methods are based on the “Myth of Niels Bohr and the barometer question” by Alexander Calandra.
Results. The analysis made it possible to determine how the logic of reflections has been explored from the lens of psycholinguistics and how the range of cognitive methods can be enlisted to learn a foreign language. It turns next to an overview of cognitive techniques used in psycholinguistics as applied to study. The verbal presentation of the idea is not only a form of compressed thought or interactive, creative cognition, but it also has a literary quality and makes use of a range of devices in a way. In the article, the solution formation reflects the features of transforming mental representations about the multidimensional space of life.
Conclusions. According to the research, the paper concludes that cognitive methods are the ability to create judgments that are paradoxical in form and deep in content, perceived as deviating from the norm, and humor also presupposes the presence of the inverse ability to perceive such judgments in their entirety and depth and emotional brightness.
The Use of Concept Maps in the Process of Independent Study of Educational Material in Higher Mathematics
Authors: Norik Larisa , Lebedeva Irina 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of concept mapping on the level and quality of assimilation of learning material in higher mathematics in the process of independent study.
Methodology. Based on a review of the main provisions of modern theory of learning and generalization of research results presented in scientific papers on the scope of application of concept maps in the learning process, such a training experiment was conducted. For students of the two experimental groups on a certain topic of the discipline “Higher Mathematics” were offered to build conceptual maps in addition to the common teaching methods. It considered as an independent creative task. In the other two groups, which were under control, students had to study the same topic of the discipline, using traditional methods.
Results. It was determined that the results of the colloquium composed of students of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of students of control groups who did not use mapping as a method of learning during independent work. The average score obtained by students of experimental groups for the colloquium was almost 80 points, while for students of control groups it was only 72 points. Using Student’s test, the significance of the difference between the values of the sample averages of these indicators proved. If we compare the average scores for different types of tasks, the most significant was the difference in the performance of heuristic tasks, which reflect the ability to apply the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems of economic content.
Conclusions. The positive influence of the use of concept mapping in independent work of students established, which proves the thesis about the feasibility of using concept mapping as a learning tool. Further introduction of concept maps in the educational process should be based on the development of complex theoretical and practical, as well as competency-oriented tasks.