bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cuban Question and the Ignorant American: Empire's Tropes and Jokes in Yankee Notions
Authors: Sillin Sarah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
By reading antebellum-era jokes about Cuba in conversation with Judith Yaross Lee's argument that imperialism has persistently shaped American humor, this essay considers how US humorists located pleasure in the nation's fraught foreign relations. Examining a variety of comics, anecdotes, and malapropisms from Yankee Notions demonstrates how this popular, long-running magazine mocked US Americans’ efforts to assert their cosmopolitan knowledge of Cuba while nonetheless naturalizing US global power. Together, such jokes participated in a larger cultural project that shaped late nineteenth-century images of Cuba in a way that was designed to generate support for the idea of US intervention. More broadly, the magazine demonstrates how jokes about ignorance and knowingness became a way to justify US imperialism and resist foreign power.
“I Wonder Which of You is Real”
Authors: Orr Stanley 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In response to Judith Yaross Lee's introduction of a framework designed to probe the relationship between empire and American humor, this article analyzes John Kneubuhl's “The Night of the Two-Legged Buffalo,” a 1966 episode of The Wild Wild West (1965-69). Kneubuhl (1920-92) was a Samoan American playwright who wrote for theater, television, and film. Like Mark Twain, he demonstrated a lifelong interest in the trope of the confidence man. In “The Night of the Two-Legged Buffalo” he depicts protagonists and antagonists alike in the US borderlands as con artists contending for power. While agents Jim West and Artemus Gordon emerge as cultural impersonators who serve the ideology of Manifest Destiny, the Prince of the South Sea Coral Islands, a Polynesian aristocrat, deploys American hegemony in Oceania. Kneubuhl draws on conventions of the fale aitu, a Samoan theatrical genre, as well as his association with Sam Amalu, a Native Hawaiian humorist and con man known for his elaborate pranks and swindles. As a site of contest between what Lee terms “neocolonial hybridity” and “postcolonial discontinuity,” “The Night of the Two-Legged Buffalo” exemplifies Kneubuhl's unique trickster aesthetics.
Significação dos alunos e pedagogos da EJA: a importância da escola como fator protetivo e promotor de resiliência
Authors: Mansur Lopes Jamille , Neves de Oliveira Francismara , Ramos Rodrigues de Carvalho Luciana , Maceira Mauricio Maria Fernanda , Lopes Sanchez Júnior Sidney 
Published: October 2021

Apoiada na teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano (BRONFENBRENNER, 1996), buscou-se a significação do ambiente escolar de acordo com as vivências dos alunos e pedagogos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), considerando fatores de risco e proteção presentes nesse contexto. A pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva analisou as significações produzidas por 12 alunos e 4 pedagogos da EJA. Pode-se concluir que a Educação de Jovens e Adultos permite a retomada de um direito que foi negado por diversas razões. A escola deve atuar no sentido de diminuir as desigualdades que assolam os menos favorecidos, além de ser responsável por constituir redes de apoio e promover a construção de fatores protetivos aos estudantes e demais membros dessa ecologia de desenvolvimento: familiares, amigos, corpo profissional da escola, comunidade adjacente. Assim, é notável considerar a EJA em sua função protetiva e promotora de resiliência, visto que desenvolve em seus alunos possibilidade de enfrentamento aos riscos, fortalecendo a dignidade humana e formando cidadãos de direitos.
ALTERNATIVES OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SLUDGE DRYING PROCESSES FOR ENERGY RECOVERY : A REVIEW
Authors: Camera S. , Pineda-Vásquez T. , Bianchi F. M. , Martins L. S. , Virmond E. , Watzko E. S. 
Published: October 2021

As communities grow, cities need to increase their capacity to collect and treat domestic wastewater. The need of larger domestic wastewater treatment plants and proper disposal of its solid waste has attracted the scientific community to research about new technologies that will use those systems and waste as a way to generate energy. The moisture content of a fuel effects the combustion products and the energy released by the reaction. Therefore, in order to make biomass to be a viable fuel option, the technological and scientific challenges of the drying process of wastewater sludge must be faced and overcome so the lowest moisture content level is achieved. Conventional drying processes as for example, direct and indirect thermal drying, are commonly used. However, other processes using renewable energy as for example solar drying are also being studied by the scientist around the world. Moisture content, physical-chemical properties as for example, heating values, composition, ash fusibility are all relevant properties taken into consideration when choosing a fuel for a specific application. The herein review is intended to present some existing domestic wastewater drying processes, alternative ways of improving the efficiency of those processes.
The Lack of Qualified EFL Teachers in Saudi Schools: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah 
Published: October 2021

Despite teaching English language in Saudi Arabia for 6 decades, yet the outcomes are unsatisfactory. In this article, the lack of qualified English teachers in Saudi Arabia is the main reason for causing that issue. To address the issue, this study attempts to understand how untrained teachers have a negative influence on students&#39; performance and competence. Unstructured interviews were conducted with students from two Saudi schools to reflect on the problems and obstacles that Saudi pupils encounter as a result of their incompetent instructors. Instead of interviewing instructors, we interviewed students to know the strategies, methods, and techniques employed by their teachers, which resulted in their incapacity to improve. According to the participants, the majority of English teachers in Saudi schools speak Arabic in English lessons rather than English. They also employ traditional approaches such as the teacher-centered method. They educate and explain in English, but when they reach a major obstacle, they immediately switch to Arabic as an efficient option. The study&#39;s findings highlight the necessity of having trained teachers to teach English in EFL programs in Saudi Arabia. The study&#39;s objective is to demonstrate that instructors are at the heart of the issues that affecting students&#39; growth and how to assist them to overcome those problems.
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EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
Authors: Van Staden Werdie , Appleyard James 
Published: October 2021

If you are an employee or employer, occupational health physician, or a physician concerned with the work–life balance of your patient, this fourth issue on work–life balance and burnout is for you. It culminates in practical guidance captured in the Tokyo Declaration on Work–Life balance together with five articles that clarifies the golden reach of person-centered medicine (PCM) in occupational health of both a clinician and a patient.
How this golden reach extends much further than patient-centered medicine is captured in the first article. An employed person, whether patient or practitioner, works within an interpersonal context in which all role players including the employer should actively contribute in nurturing an employee’s well-being and work–life balance. The second article engages with the reach of PCM in reporting on the personality features needed to cope with (or avert) unemployment as is evident in a comparison between 245 long-term unemployed individuals and a control group of 1,948. The third article articulates how the golden reach of PCM is informed by the empirical relationship between work engagement and burnout. The fourth article considers the work–life balance among Japan’s physicians in the context of ongoing work style reform. The fifth article underscores that a person-centered work environment is crucial in addressing the challenges of burnout among physicians and medical students.
THE BROADENED SCOPE OF A PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH TO WORK, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Van Staden Werdie 
Published: October 2021

Background: Person-centered medicine (PCM) broadens the practical scope in health practice beyond patient-centered medicine.
Objectives: The objective of this article is to consider what a broadened scope mean in understanding how employment/work relates to the promotion of health and well-being of the patient and the practitioner.
Method: The conceptual scope of PCM is applied in considering the connections of work with health and well-being. The scope of occupational health is accordingly expanded in accounting for the work and well-being of the patient and the practitioner.
Results: PCM puts the person and people before their work. It recognizes that an employed person, whether patient or practitioner, works in a context that is interpersonal and in which all the role players contribute to a healthy milieu. This means that a healthy work–life balance should not be pursued merely as an attribute of an individual, but as a pursuit to which all role players should actively contribute and take joint responsibility. Both the employer and the employee should accordingly invest in a healthy work–life balance, for example. An employer that recognizes in a person-centered way its role in the well-being of its employee is investing in the employee as a valued asset not merely by attending to the person’s ill health and the prevention of ill health and burnout (as is commonly the objective in occupational health programs), but by promoting his or her positive health and well-being. Furthermore, PCM guides the pursuit of a person’s well-being in a healthy work context by accounting for the person’s subjective experiences, values, preferences and interests.
Conclusion: PCM provides for an approach to a healthy work context in which the patient or the practitioner may flourish through active investments for which both the employer and the employee should take responsibility.
Phase II Trial of Symptom Screening With Targeted Early Palliative Care for Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Zimmermann Camilla , Pope Ashley , Hannon Breffni , Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Rodin Gary , Li Madeline , Howell Doris , Knox Jennifer J. , Leighl Natasha B. , Sridhar Srikala , Oza Amit M. , Prince Rebecca , Lheureux Stephanie , Hansen Aaron R. , Rydall Anne , Chow Brittany , Herx Leonie , Booth Christopher M. , Dudgeon Deborah , Dhani Neesha , Liu Geoffrey , Bedard Philippe L. , Mathews Jean , Swami Nadia , Le Lisa W. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Routine early palliative care (EPC) improves quality of life (QoL) for patients with advanced cancer, but it may not be necessary for all patients. We assessed the feasibility of Symptom screening with Targeted Early Palliative care (STEP) in a phase II trial. Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were recruited from medical oncology clinics. Symptoms were screened at each visit using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r); moderate to severe scores (screen-positive) triggered an email to a palliative care nurse, who called the patient and offered EPC. Patient-reported outcomes of QoL, depression, symptom control, and satisfaction with care were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months. The primary aim was to determine feasibility, according to predefined criteria. Secondary aims were to assess whether STEP identified patients with worse patient-reported outcomes and whether screen-positive patients who accepted and received EPC had better outcomes over time than those who did not receive EPC. Results: In total, 116 patients were enrolled, of which 89 (77%) completed screening for ≥70% of visits. Of the 70 screen-positive patients, 39 (56%) received EPC during the 6-month study and 4 (6%) received EPC after the study end. Measure completion was 76% at 2 months, 68% at 4 months, and 63% at 6 months. Among screen-negative patients, QoL, depression, and symptom control were substantially better than for screen-positive patients at baseline (all P<.0001) and remained stable over time. Among screen-positive patients, mood and symptom control improved over time for those who accepted and received EPC and worsened for those who did not receive EPC (P<.01 for trend over time), with no difference in QoL or satisfaction with care. Conclusions: STEP is feasible in ambulatory patients with advanced cancer and distinguishes between patients who remain stable without EPC and those who benefit from targeted EPC. Acceptance of the triggered EPC visit should be encouraged.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04044040.
Validation of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis as the Cause of End‐Stage Renal Disease in the US Renal Data System
Authors: Cook Claire E. , Fu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yuqing , Stone John H. , Choi Hyon K. , Wallace Zachary S. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to validate the diagnosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) as the primary cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US Renal Data System (USRDS).MethodsWe identified patients with ESRD in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health care system who were enrolled in the USRDS. The health records of those with AAV listed as the primary cause of ESRD in the USRDS were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and estimate positive predictive value (PPV). Sensitivity was estimated by evaluating the primary cause of ESRD listed in the USRDS for patients with ESRD due to AAV in the MGB AAV cohort.ResultsWe identified 89 MGB patients with ESRD due to AAV in the USRDS. Of these, 85 cases were confirmed to be true cases of AAV (PPV = 94%). Among the patients classified as having AAV, 84 (99%) had an ANCA test, which was predominantly myeloperoxidase/P‐ANCA (47 [55%]); 36 (42%) had a renal biopsy, and all biopsies were supportive of the diagnosis. The majority (81 [90%]) was identified as AAV by International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (446.4 or M313.1). Of the 77 MGB AAV cohort patients with ESRD who were linked to the USRDS, 41 (53%) had AAV listed as the cause of ESRD; in the remainder, ESRD was attributed to nonspecific nephritis.ConclusionThe diagnosis of AAV as the cause of ESRD in the USRDS has a high PPV; sensitivity was moderate. These findings support the continued use of the USRDS to study ESRD due to AAV.
Effervescence‐Inspired Self‐Healing Plastrons for Long‐Term Immersion Stability
Authors: Wong William S. Y. , Vollmer Doris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surfaces demands the presence of a stable plastron, i.e., a film of air between micro‐ and nanostructures. Without actively replenishing the plastron with gases, it eventually disappears during immersion. The air diffuses into the immersion liquid, i.e., water. Current methods for sustaining the plastron under immersion remain limited to techniques such as electrocatalysis, electrolysis, boiling, and air‐refilling. These methods are difficult to implement at scale, are either energy‐consuming, or require continuous monitoring of the plastron (and subsequent intervention). Here, the concept of passive on‐demand recovery of the plastron via the use of a chemical reaction (effervescence) is presented. A superhydrophobic nanostructured surface is layered onto a wetting‐reactive, gas‐forming (effervescent) sublayer. During extended exposure to moisture, the effervescent layer must be protected by a moisture‐absorbent, water‐soluble polymer. Under prolonged immersion, partial collapse of the Cassie‐state induces contact of water with the effervescent layer. This induces the local formation of gases from effervescence, which restores the Cassie‐state. These facile and scalable design principles offer a new route toward intervention‐free and immersion‐durable superhydrophobic/superamphiphobic surfaces.
Intracellular Condensates of Oligopeptide for Targeting Lysosome and Addressing Multiple Drug Resistance of Cancer
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Liangbo , Zhang Hongyue , Fang Yu , Wang Tingliang , Wang Huaimin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomolecular condensates have been demonstrated as a ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems and play a crucial role in controlling cellular functions. However, the spatiotemporal construction of artificial biomolecular condensates with functions remains challenging and has been less explored. Herein, a general approach is reported to construct biomolecular condensates (e.g., hydrogel) in the lysosome of living cells for cancer therapy and address multiple drug resistance induced by lysosome sequestration. Aromatic‐motif‐appended pH‐responsive hexapeptide (LTP) derived from natural insulin can be uptaken by cancer cells mainly through caveolae‐dependent endocytosis, ensuring the proton‐triggered phase transformation (solution to hydrogel) of LTP inside the lysosome specifically. Lysosomal hydrogelation further leads to enlargement of the lysosome in cancer cells and increases the permeability of the lysosome, resulting in cancer cell death. Importantly, lysosomal assemblies can significantly improve the efficiency of current chemotherapy drugs toward multidrug resistance (MDR) cells in vitro and in xenograft tumor models. As an example of functional artificial condensates in lysosomes, this work provides a new strategy for controlling functional condensates formation precisely in the organelles of living cells and addressing MDR in cancer therapy.
Elastomeric Nanodielectrics for Soft and Hysteresis‐Free Electronics
Authors: Zhao Sanchuan , Liu Hai‐Yang , Cui Lei , Kang Yu , Bian Gang , Yin Jun , Yu Jae‐Chul , Chang Young‐Wook , Zhu Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElastomeric dielectrics are crucial for reliably governing the carrier densities in semiconducting channels during deformation in soft/stretchable field‐effect transistors (FETs). Uncontrolled stacking of polymeric chains renders elastomeric dielectrics poorly insulated at nanoscale thicknesses, thereby thick films are usually required, leading to high voltage or power consumption for on/off operations of FETs. Here, layer‐by‐layer assembly is exploited to build 15‐nm‐thick elastomeric nanodielectrics through alternative adsorption of oppositely charged polyurethanes (PUs) for soft and hysteresis‐free FETs. After mild thermal annealing to heal pinholes, such PU multilayers offer high areal capacitances of 237 nF cm−2 and low leakage current densities of 3.2 × 10−8 A cm−2 at 2 V. Owing to the intrinsic ductility of the elastomeric PUs, the nanofilms possess excellent dielectric properties at a strain of 5% or a bending radius of 1.5 mm, while the wrinkled counterparts show mechanical stability with negligible changes of leakage currents after repeated stretching to a strain of 50%. Besides, these nanodielectrics are immune to high humidity and conserve their properties when immersed into water, despite their assembly occurs aqueously. Furthermore, the PU dielectrics are implemented in carbon nanotube FETs, demonstrating low‐voltage operations (< 1.5 V) and negligible hysteresis without any encapsulations.
Inkjet Printed Physically‐Unclonable Structural‐Color Anticounterfeiting Labels with Convenient Artificial Intelligence Authentication
Authors: Li Yuhuan , Liu Zhiwei , Zhu Kuan , Ai Liqing , Jia Pan , Wu Na , Yu Haitao , Wang Jinqiao , Yao Xi , Zhou Jinming , Song Yanlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInkjet printing is a deterministic process with distinguished advantages of low cost, mass production, and unlimited pattern design capability, but it usually excludes randomness and the corresponding physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Herein, inkjet printing is utilized to fabricate physically unclonable structural‐color anticounterfeiting labels with reliable random photonic structure and convenient artificial intelligence (AI) authentication. The abundant microscale print‐drops with random arrangements, consisting of the cross‐linked short‐range ordered arrays of monodisperse poly(styrene‐methylmethacrylate‐acrylic acid) (P(St‐MMA‐AA)) nanospheres, enabled full‐color hues, and the reliable encoded PUFs, simultaneously. The encoded PUF information with extremely high encoding capacity can be learned and validated with AI, realizing the fast and accurate decoding of the PUFs and thus the unclonable anticounterfeiting applications. Importantly, the coupling of the structural‐color anticounterfeiting labels with perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane of low surface energy leads to high water resistance, which further improves the structural stability of the labels against water penetration. Based on the package‐compatible inkjet printing approach and the reliable AI authentication, the physically unclonable structural‐color anticounterfeiting labels with high structural stability and reliable AI validation bridges the gap between convenience (in both fabrication and validation) and ultimate security, opening enormous opportunities for their security applications in medicine, documents, currency, or other high‐value products.
A N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladacycle with Constrained Aliphatic Linker: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Catalytic Application towards Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Zuo Bin , Lu Zeye , Wu Xiaoqiang , Fang Weiwei , Li Wanfang , Huang Mingxian , Yang Dong‐Yuan , Deng Qinyue , Tu Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of various (hetero)aryl chlorides with aryl boronic acids was accomplished by N‐heterocyclic carbene‐palladacycles (NHC−Pdcycle) in the aqueous phase. Intriguingly, the NHC−Pdcycle with a constrained aliphatic linker between the NHC ligand and the palladacycle moieties exhibited higher catalytic efficiency than the one without constrained linker under the identical reaction conditions, due to the fixed spatial structure around the metal catalytic center. The present outcome may offer a new strategy for the catalyst design.
A Biomimetic Approach for Spatially Controlled Cell Membrane Engineering Using Fusogenic Spherical Nucleic Acid
Authors: Lin Minjie , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhao Sisi , Tang Rui , Nie Zhou , Xing Hang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEngineering of the cell plasma membrane using functional DNA is important for studying and controlling cellular behaviors. However, most efforts to apply artificial DNA interactions on cells are limited to external membrane surface due to the lack of suitable synthetic tools to engineer the intracellular side, which impedes many applications in cell biology. Inspired by the natural extracellular vesicle‐cell fusion process, we have developed a fusogenic spherical nucleic acid construct to realize robust DNA functionalization on both external and internal cell surfaces via liposome fusion‐based transport (LiFT) strategy, which enables applications including the construction of heterotypic cell assembly for programmed signaling pathway and detection of intracellular metabolites. This approach can engineer cell membranes in a highly efficient and spatially controlled manner, allowing one to build anisotropic membrane structures with two orthogonal DNA functionalities.