bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older and younger adults’ hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes
Authors: Groß Julia , Bayen Ute J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfter learning about facts or outcomes of events, people overestimate in hindsight what they knew in foresight. Prior research has shown that this hindsight bias is more pronounced in older than in younger adults. However, this robust finding is based primarily on a specific paradigm that requires generating and recalling numerical judgments to general knowledge questions that deal with emotionally neutral content. As older and younger adults tend to process positive and negative information differently, they might also show differences in hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes. Furthermore, hindsight bias can manifest itself as a bias in memory for prior given judgments, but also as retrospective impressions of inevitability and foreseeability. Currently, there is no research on age differences in all three manifestations of hindsight bias. In this study, younger (N = 46, 18–30 years) and older adults (N = 45, 64–90 years) listened to everyday-life scenarios that ended positively or negatively, recalled the expectation they previously held about the outcome (to measure the memory component of hindsight bias), and rated each outcome’s foreseeability and inevitability. Compared with younger adults, older adults recalled their prior expectations as closer to the actual outcomes (i.e., they showed a larger memory component of hindsight bias), and this age difference was more pronounced for negative than for positive outcomes. Inevitability and foreseeability impressions, however, did not differ between the age groups. Thus, there are age differences in hindsight bias after positive and negative outcomes, but only with regard to memory for prior judgments.
The Filtration Efficiency of Single-Layer Textiles for Respiratory protection
Authors: Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Schick Simon , Groten Robert 
Published: June 2021

Due to the increasing number of corona cases and the face mask industry's associated bottleneck, this work focuses on the various single-layer textiles used as cloth masks. The purpose of this work is to test ten different single-layer textiles for their suitability as face masks. All tests in this work were carried out based on the ASTM F2299 and the new ASTM Standard for barrier masks (3502-21). The new standard offers a more precisely defined test protocol and is consistent with how respirators are tested.
The results show that only one of the ten textiles tested meets the ASTM requirements for a barrier mask. We also include data for ASTM F2299 and report the results for unneutralized challenge particles at various face velocities for the same single-layer textiles. These results are different from those of the ASTM 3502 because the particle size and the procedure used are different. Under ASTM 3502, the resistance values ​​are significantly higher, and the efficiency values ​​are significantly lower than those reported by using the ASTM F2299.
Population structure and spatial distribution of the tiger (Panthera tigris, Felidae, Carnivora) in Southwestern Primorye (Russian Far East)
Authors: Lukarevskiy Victor S. , Lukarevskiy Svyatoslav V. , Kolchin Sergey A. , Oleynikov Alexey Yu. 
Published: June 2021

In 2011–2013, we surveyed the population structure, spatial distribution and the number of tigers in Southwestern Primorye (about 5000 km2). The total number of tigers, according to winter route census, DNA analysis and camera trapping was estimated at 24–25 adults and 6–7 cubs, belonging to four different litters. The location of tigers is mainly confined to areas difficult to access for people, and with a high density of ungulates. Tigers concentrated in the habitat strip bordering China, mainly comprising the 'Land of the Leopard' National Park. A few tiger tracks were recorded outside of protected areas and on hunting tenures.
Current methods for estimating tiger numbers needs critical reflection. Winter census by tracks in the snow is often largely influenced by subjectivity. The main reason for this is the large number of surveyors of various degrees of qualification and as a result the conflicting interpretation of track identification. In our opinion, the most objective results are obtained from a consistent survey of the territory by a limited number of specialists and daily adjustments of collected materials.
Precise and informative methods for determining the number and the structure of tiger populations are DNA analysis of biological samples combined with camera trap census. However, a number of significant drawbacks limits their widespread use: this method is labor-intensive and results in high project costs. In addition, weather conditions can greatly affect the preservation of DNA in the samples. There is a need to organize additional survey routes for installing camera traps and detecting of biological samples in order to register the tigresses with young, as they are behavior is often distinguished by a more secretive lifestyle. As a rule, female tigers with young avoid the main movement routes of adult tigers. These methods are expedient only in the smaller survey plots of model areas.
Analisis Asesmen Pecandu Narkoba Dengan Metode Profile Matching Pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Riau
Authors: Soni Soni , Mukhtar Harun , Ricinur  
Published: June 2021

Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Riau merupakan instansi yang khusus menangani permasalahan narkoba, salah satu langkah penanganan penyalahgunaan narkoba yaitu dengan melakukan rehabilitasi agar pecandu narkoba bisa sembuh dari ketergantungan narkoba. Rehabilitasi bagi pecandu narkoba sangat penting dilakukan, hal ini dilakukan agar dapat mengurangi atau menghilangkan ketergantungan untuk menggunakan narkotika, sehingga dalam proses rehabilitasi pasien bisa menghilangkan ketergantungan dengan narkotika. Setelah proses rehabitilasi dilakukan penilaian asesmen pada pasien utuk menentukan apakah dapat dilakukan rawat jalan atau rawat inap, untuk melakukan asesmen pecandu narkoba dapat digunakan menerapkan metode profile matching, metode profile mathcing secara garis besar merupakan sebuah proses membandingkan antara kriteria pasien ke dalam kebutuhan yang dapat dijadikan acuan, sehingga dapat diketahui perbedaan kebutuhan, semakin kecil nilai gap yang di hasilkan nilai bobotnya semakin besar memiliki peluang untuk kesesuaian antara kriteria individual dengan kebutuhan yang di jadikan acuan.
Kata kunci: profile matching, asesmen, rehabilitasi
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DI SMA NEGERI I DULUPI KABUPATEN BOALEMO DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Lahabu Sri Yulianti , Djou Dakia , Muslimin Muslimin 
Published: June 2021

<p>Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo, (2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo, (3) mendeskripsikan implementasi kesantunan berbahasa dalam pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Dulupi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa tuturan yang terjadi selama pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia serta tuturan di luar pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo. Teknik <em>sampling</em> penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak, teknik rekaman, teknik catat, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik uji data yang digunakan yaitu triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat enam bentuk kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri 1 Dulupi Kabupaten Boalemo berdasarkan prinsip maksim kesantunan, yaitu: (a) maksim kebijaksanaan, (b) maksim kedermawanan, (c) maksim penghargaan, (d) maksim kesederhanaan, (e) maksim pemufakatan, dan (f) maksim kesimpatian, dan terdapat tiga pelanggaran maksim menurut prinsip kesantunan berbahasa, yaitu: (a) maksim kebijaksanaan, (b) maksim kedermawanan, dan (c) maksim kesederhanaan; (2) Ditemukan faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesantunan, berupa: (a) meminta dan memohon kepada mitra tutur tanpa paksaan dan tidak menyinggung, (b) mempersilakan mitra tutur tanpa paksaan dan (c) tidak menyinggung; serta (d) memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap mitra tutur, dan ditemukan ketidaksantunan, berupa: (a) mengkritik dengan diksi dan intonasi negatif serta tidak bisa mengendalikan emosi; (b) berpendapat dengan menyinggung mitra tutur; dan (c) memotong pembicaraan mitra tutur; (3) Implementasi kesantunan berbahasa diterapkan pada proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan memperhatikan prinsip maksim kesantunan berbahasa di SMA Negeri 1 Dulupi, Kabupaten Boalemo</p>
A Recently Quenched Isolated Dwarf Galaxy Outside of the Local Group Environment
Authors: Polzin Ava , van Dokkum Pieter , Danieli Shany , Greco Johnny P. , Romanowsky Aaron J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report the serendipitous identification of a low-mass (M
* ∼ 2 × 106
M
⊙), isolated, likely quenched dwarf galaxy in the “foreground” of the COSMOS-CANDELS field. From deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging we infer a surface brightness fluctuation distance for COSMOS-dw1 of D
SBF = 22 ± 3 Mpc, which is consistent with its radial velocity of cz = 1222 ± 64 km s−1 via Keck/LRIS. At this distance, the galaxy is 1.4 Mpc in projection from its nearest massive neighbor. We do not detect significant H
α emission (EW(H
α)= − 0.4 ± 0.5 Å), suggesting that COSMOS-dw1 is likely quenched. Very little is currently known about isolated quenched galaxies in this mass regime. Such galaxies are thought to be rare, as there is no obvious mechanism to permanently stop star formation in them; to date there are only four examples of well-studied quenched field dwarfs, only two of which appear to have quenched in isolation. COSMOS-dw1 is the first example outside of the immediate vicinity of the Local Group. COSMOS-dw1 has a relatively weak Dn4000 break and the HST data show a clump of blue stars indicating that star formation ceased only recently. We speculate that COSMOS-dw1 was quenched due to internal feedback, which was able to temporarily suspend star formation. In this scenario the expectation is that quenched isolated galaxies with masses M
* = 106–107
M
⊙ generally have luminosity-weighted ages ≲1 Gyr.
In vivo study of pharmacokinetic parameters of a new combination drug based on citicoline and memantine
Authors: Sysuev Boris B. , Salakhetdinov Damir K. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (dementia) is one of the most common pathologies with increasing numbers of patients. Most often they are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular brain diseases, for which such drugs as memantine and citicoline are used. The development of a combination drug with these active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy.
Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of memantine and citicoline combination drug was evaluated in comparison with the marketed drugs (reference drugs) of these pharmaceutical substances approved for medical use by determining their content in blood plasma of experimental animals after a single oral administration.
Results: Seventy-two hours after the administration of memantine drug, about 5% and 17% of the maximum concentration of memantine released from Akatinol Memantine and the developed combination drug were found in blood plasma, respectively. By the 120th hour after the beginning of the experiment, no memantine was detected in blood plasma of any animal. By the 24th hour after the beginning of the experiment, about 46% and 50% of the maximum concentration of citicoline released from the developed combination drug and the Ceraxon drug were found in blood plasma of the rabbits, respectively.
Discussion: It was detected that the amounts of released memantine and citicoline from the developed combination drug exceeded the amounts of the appropriate pharmaceutical substances released from the reference drugs. The bioavailability of these substances from the developed combination drug was higher than from the marketed mono formulations used as reference drugs.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results of memantine and citicolineconcentrations in bioassays, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the studied preparations were calculated, the results of which showed the superiority of the developed combination drug over the reference drugs.
Higher Serum Urate Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Reynolds Richard J. , Merriman Tony R. , Gaffo Angelo , Singh Jasvinder A. , Plante Timothy B. , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Armstrong Nicole D. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bridges S. Louis , Lang Leslie , Howard George , Safford Monika M. , Saag Kenneth G. , Muntner Paul , Irvin Marguerite Ryan 
Published: June 2021

Objective.To determine the association of serum urate (SU) levels with sudden cardiac death and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), separately, among adults without a history of CHD.Methods.We conducted a case-cohort analysis of Black and White participants aged ≥ 45 years enrolled in the REason for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study without a history of CHD at baseline between 2003 and 2007. Participants were followed for sudden cardiac death or incident CHD (i.e., myocardial infarction [MI] or death from CHD excluding sudden cardiac death) through December 31, 2013. Baseline SU was measured in a random sample of participants (n = 840) and among participants who experienced sudden cardiac death (n = 235) or incident CHD (n = 851) during follow-up.Results.Participants with higher SU levels were older and more likely to be male or Black. The crude HR (95% CI) per 1 mg/dL higher SU level was 1.26 (1.14–1.40) for sudden cardiac death and 1.17 (1.09–1.26) for incident CHD. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and cardiovascular risk factors, the HR (95% CI) per 1 mg/dL higher SU level was 1.19 (1.03–1.37) for sudden cardiac death and 1.05 (0.96–1.15) for incident CHD. HRs for sudden cardiac death were numerically higher among participants aged 45–64 vs ≥ 65 years, without vs with diabetes, and among those of White vs Black race, althoughPvalues for effect modification were all ≥ 0.05.Conclusion.Higher SU levels were associated with an increased risk for sudden cardiac death but not with incident CHD.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression in the Caput and Cauda Regions of the Rat Epididymis
Authors: Baruah Binita Basnet , Kola Srujana , Rukmangadachar Lokesh , Chaturvedi Pradeepkumar , Alagiri Srinivasan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the sperm isolated from the caput and the cauda region of the rat epididymis. This is the first study on the quantitative nongel-based proteomics to have identified differentially expressed proteins in the cauda epididymal sperm.

Material and Methods:
This was achieved by isolation of sperm from the caput and the cauda of the rat epididymis followed by the tryptic digestion of the proteins and the resulted peptides were subjected to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-label and mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. With the help of quantitative proteomics, we have been able to elucidate some of the major proteins involved in the process of sperm maturation.

Results:
In total, 999 proteins from the spermatozoa of caput and cauda region of the epididymis were identified. We have reported about 10 downregulated proteins and 15 upregulated proteins that have been in the sperm from the cauda region of the epididymis. HongrES1, the membrane of the SERPIN family specifically expressed in the principal cells of the cauda epididymis, have been found to be expressed three-fold higher.

Conclusion:
This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of different proteins at the different stages of the maturation during the transit of the spermatozoa. The higher and lower expression of different proteins in the epididymal region depicts their roles in priming the spermatozoa for normal fertilizing ability. Thus, the target proteins can be further studied for the possible development of male contraception.
Anatomical Considerations of Intercondylar Notch Dimensions of Femur in Cadavers with Intact Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Agrawal Alok Chandra , Rakshit J. , Sakale Harshal , Kar Bikram , Raj Manish 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The femoral intercondylar notch is an anatomic site of interest since it houses the anterior cruciate ligament which is one of the importantstructure stabilizing knee. The configuration of the intercondylar notch is related to the active functioning of the cruciate ligaments.

Objective:
The primary objective of the study was to measure the intercondylar notch dimensions of femur in cadavers with intact ACL and its correlation.

Materials and Methods:
The study was done on 30 cadaveric knees provided by department of Anatomy. The measurements of intercondylar notch like width at the base of the notch, width in the middle of the notch, width at the top of the notch, height of the notch were measured using a digital vernier callipers with knee in 90 degree flexion.

Results:
Among the 30 cadaveric knees whose intercondylar notch dimensions were measured, 20 were male and 10 were female. All the 30 knees were categorized into A-, U, and W-shaped notch knees. A shaped intercondylar notch was accounted for 13, U shaped 16 and W shaped 1 knee. There was a significant difference (P = 0.048) in notch width at base in A-, U-, and W-shaped notches. The highest is of W followed by A- and U-shaped notches.

Conclusion:
This study shreds light on the normal intercondylar notch dimensions of femur and its correlation with different notch shapes. This study would help for the comparison of notch dimensions and finding out the causal reason for ACL insufficiency.
Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Painful Early Osteoarthritis Knee and Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Dinkar Karuna Shankar , Kapoor Rajat , Mishra Vikas Kumar , Pal Chandra Prakash , Sharma Mohit , Yadav Rohit 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Plantar fasciitis and early osteoarthritis knee are the most common painful orthopedic conditions treated by orthopedic practitioners. This study is to assess the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis and early osteoarthritis knee.

Aims and Objectives:
To access the role of platelet-rich plasma in plantar fasciitis and early osteoarthritis knee.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective interventional study was conducted at our center between January 2016 to March 2017. Patients included were complaining of pain in knee for 3 months, Grade 1 to Grade 2 osteoarthritis, presenting with complaints of plantar heel pain, tenderness at the attachment of the plantar fascia. The details of the clinical assessment filled and baseline WOMAC score for osteoarthritis knee and analog pain scale for plantar fasciitis was recorded. We explained the procedure to the patients and informed consent were taken. 4 ml of PRP was injected in either condition. Patients were followed up for 6 months at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) for the assessment of pain in plantar fasciitis and WOMAC score for early osteoarthritis knee was recorded for all patients at the last visit and compared.

Results:
In 15 patients with osteoarthritis of knee, the mean score for preinjection baseline was 29.4 ± 5.80, which showed improvement by 27% from baseline during the 1st month with a mean of 21.4S7 ± 5.475 and during 6th month with a mean of 22.47 ± 9.516 but it never reverted to baseline pre injection value. In 30 patients with plantar fasciitis, the results are statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05), and all the patients responded to the treatment. VAS score is statistically significant in comparison with baseline at all duration.

Conclusion:
In our study, PRP is significantly effective in reducing pain in early osteoarthritis knee and plantar fasciitis.
Association of Sickle Cell Trait with Risk and Mortality of COVID-19: Results from the United Kingdom Biobank
Authors: Resurreccion W. Kyle , Hulsizer Joseph , Shi Zhuqing , Wei Jun , Wang Chi-Hsiung , Na Rong , Zheng S. Lilly , Struve Clay , Helfand Brian T. , Khandekar Janardan , Billings Liana , Caplan Michael S. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Sickle cell trait (SCT) carriers inherit one copy of the Glu6Val mutation in the hemoglobin gene and is particularly common in Black individuals (5–10%). Considering the roles of hemoglobin in immune responses and the higher risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Black individuals, we tested whether Black SCT carriers were at increased risk for COVID-19 infection and mortality according to the United Kingdom Biobank. Among Black individuals who were tested for COVID-19, we found similar infection rates among SCT carriers (14/72; 19.7%) and noncarriers (167/791; 21.1%), but higher COVID-19 mortality rates among SCT carriers (4/14; 28.6%) than among noncarriers (21/167; 12.6%) (odds ratio [OR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–11.82; P = 0.12). Notably, SCT carriers with preexisting diabetes had significantly higher COVID-19 mortality (4/4; 100%) than those without diabetes (0/10; 0%; (OR, 90.71; 95% CI, 5.66–infinite; P = 0.0005). These findings suggest that Black SCT carriers with preexisting diabetes are at disproportionally higher risk for COVID-19 mortality. Confirmation by larger studies is warranted.
Fault-plane solutions from moment-tensor inversion and preliminary Coulomb stress analysis for the Emilia Plain
Authors: Angela Saraò  , Laura Peruzza  
Published: June 2021

<p>We investigate the seismicity occurred in the Po area, in the period July 2011-June 1012, by means of moment tensor and we use our set of revised focal mechanisms - computed for M&gt; 3.7 earthquakes - to evaluate Coulomb elastic stress changes in order to detect potential intermediate-distance faults interaction, and the main features of this complex structural system.</p>