bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of demographic and occupational factors with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake in a multi-ethnic UK healthcare workforce: a rapid real-world analysis
Authors: Martin Christopher A. , Marshall Colette , Patel Prashanth , Goss Charles , Jenkins David R. , Ellwood Claire , Barton Linda , Price Arthur , Brunskill Nigel J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Pareek Manish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) and ethnic minority groups are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection and adverse outcome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is now available for frontline UK HCWs; however, demographic/occupational associations with vaccine uptake in this cohort are unknown. We sought to establish these associations in a large UK hospital workforce.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional surveillance examining vaccine uptake amongst all staff at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. We examined proportions of vaccinated staff stratified by demographic factors, occupation and previous COVID-19 test results (serology/PCR) and used logistic regression to identify predictors of vaccination status after adjustment for confounders.FindingsWe included 19,044 HCWs; 12,278 (64.5%) had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Compared to White HCWs (70.9% vaccinated), a significantly smaller proportion of ethnic minority HCWs were vaccinated (South Asian 58.5%, Black 36.8% p<0.001 for both). After adjustment, factors found to be negatively associated with vaccine uptake were; younger age, female sex, increasing deprivation and belonging to any non-White ethnic group (Black: aOR0.30, 95%CI 0.26–0.34, South Asian:0.67, 0.62–0.72). Those that had previously had confirmed COVID-19 (by PCR) were less likely to be vaccinated than those who had tested negative.InterpretationEthnic minority HCWs and those from more deprived areas as well as younger, female staff are less likely to take up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. These findings have major implications for the delivery of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programmes in HCWs and the wider population and should inform the national vaccination programme to prevent the disparities of the pandemic from widening.FundingNIHR, UKRI/MRC
Acute stress blunts prediction error signals in the dorsal striatum during reinforcement learning
Authors: Carvalheiro Joana , Conceição Vasco A. , Mesquita Ana , Seara-Cardoso Ana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReinforcement learning, which implicates learning from the rewarding and punishing outcomes of our choices, is critical for adjusted behaviour. Acute stress seems to affect this ability but the neural mechanisms by which it disrupts this type of learning are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate whether and how acute stress blunts neural signalling of prediction errors during reinforcement learning using model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. Male participants completed a well-established reinforcement learning task involving monetary gains and losses whilst under stress and control conditions. Acute stress impaired participants’ behavioural performance towards obtaining monetary gains, but not towards avoiding losses. Importantly, acute stress blunted signalling of prediction errors during gain and loss trials in the dorsal striatum — with subsidiary analyses suggesting that acute stress preferentially blunted signalling of positive prediction errors. Our results thus reveal a neurocomputational mechanism by which acute stress may impair reward learning.
Lack of effect of different pain-related manipulations on opioid self-administration, reinstatement of opioid seeking, and opioid choice in rats
Authors: Reiner David J , Townsend E Andrew , Menendez Javier Orihuel , Applebey Sarah V , Claypool Sarah M , Banks Matthew L , Shaham Yavin , Negus S Stevens 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTRationale and ObjectivePain-related factors increase risk for opioid addiction, and opioid-induced pain relief may function as a negative reinforcer to increase opioid taking and seeking. However, experimental pain-related manipulations generally do not increase opioid self-administration in rodents. This discrepancy may reflect insufficient learning of pain-relief contingencies or confounding effects of pain-related behavioral impairments. Here we determined if pairing noxious stimuli with opioid self-administration would promote pain-related reinstatement of opioid seeking or increase opioid choice over food.MethodsIn Experiment 1, rats self-administered fentanyl in the presence or absence of repeated intraplantar capsaicin injections in distinct contexts to model context-specific exposure to cutaneous nociception. After capsaicin-free extinction in both contexts, we tested if capsaicin would reinstate fentanyl seeking. In Experiment 2, rats self-administered heroin after intraperitoneal (i.p.) lactic acid injections to model acute visceral inflammatory pain. After lactic acid-free extinction, we tested if lactic acid would reinstate heroin seeking. In Experiment 3, we tested if repeated i.p. lactic acid or intraplantar Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA; to model sustained inflammatory pain) would increase fentanyl choice over food.ResultsIn Experiments 1-2, neither capsaicin nor lactic acid reinstated opioid seeking after extinction, and lactic acid did not increase heroin-induced reinstatement. In Experiment 3, lactic acid and CFA decreased reinforcement rate without affecting fentanyl choice.ConclusionsResults extend the range of conditions across which pain-related manipulations fail to increase opioid seeking in rats and suggest that enhanced opioid-addiction risk in humans with chronic pain involves factors other than enhanced opioid reinforcement and relapse.
Distinct function of Mediator subunits in fungal development, stress response and secondary metabolism in fungal pathogenFusarium verticillioides
Authors: Zhou Zehua , Yan Huijuan , Kim Man S. , Shim Won Bo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMediator is a conserved, nucleus-localized, multi-subunit complex highly conserved across eukaryotes. It interacts with RNA polymerase II transcription machinery as well as various transcription factors to regulate gene expression. However, systematic characterization of Mediator complex has not be thoroughly performed in filamentous fungi. In current study, our aim was to investigate key biological functions of Mediator subunits in a mycotoxigentic plant pathogenFusarium verticillioides. While we recognized some level of divergence in subunits constituent, overall structure remained conserved betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandF. verticillioides. We were able to generate 11 Mediator subunit deletion mutants and characterize serveal important phenotypes associated with fungal development, environmental stress, nutrient utilization, virulence as well as secondary metabolism. While each Mediator subunit deletion mutant showed deficiencies in at least three of the phenotypes tested, it is important to note that different modules or subunits showed unique regulatory role in different cellular processes. Significantly, the deletion ofFvMed1led to increased FB1production, and we were able to confirm that FvMed1 is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under fumonisin-producing conditions. Taken together, our study characterized the different biological functions of Mediator subunits in plant pathogenF. verticillioidesand the possibility of select subunits unique cytoplasmic function independent of the core Mediator.IMPORTANCEMediator is a highly conserved component of RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex (PIC) in eukaryotes. Studies in yeast have demonstrated the important roles of Mediator subunits, but we lack deeper understanding in filamentous fungi. Here, we selectedFusarium verticillioides, a major fungal pathogen of maize worldwide, to study transcriptional profile followed by mutational analyses of all Mediator genes. Each Mediator subunit deletion mutant showed some shared deficiencies but it is also important that different modules or subunits showed unique regulatory role in different cellular processes. Significantly,FvMed1deletion mutant showed elevated levels of FB1production, and we were able to confirm that FvMed1 translocates from the nucleus to cytoplasmic organelles under fumonisin-producing conditions. This is a first study demonstrating that a Mediator subunit regulate cellular functions while not directly associating with PIC in filamentous fungi.
A single-cell atlas of lymphocyte adaptive immune repertoires and transcriptomes reveals age-related differences in convalescent COVID-19 patients
Authors: Bieberich Florian , Vazquez-Lombardi Rodrigo , Yermanos Alexander , Ehling Roy A. , Mason Derek M. , Wagner Bastian , Kapetanovic Edo , Di Roberto Raphael Brisset , Weber Cédric R. , Savic Miodrag , Rudolf Fabian , Reddy Sai T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 disease outcome is highly dependent on adaptive immunity from T and B lymphocytes, which play a critical role in the control, clearance and long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is limited knowledge on the composition of the T and B cell immune receptor repertoires [T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell receptors (BCRs)] and transcriptomes in convalescent COVID-19 patients of different age groups. Here, we utilize single-cell sequencing (scSeq) of lymphocyte immune repertoires and transcriptomes to quantitatively profile the adaptive immune response in COVID-19 patients of varying age. We discovered highly expanded T and B cells in multiple patients, with the most expanded clonotypes coming from the effector CD8+T cell population. Highly expanded CD8+and CD4+T cell clones show elevated markers of cytotoxicity (CD8: PRF1, GZMH, GNLY; CD4: GZMA), whereas clonally expanded B cells show markers of transition into the plasma cell state and activation across patients. By comparing young and old convalescent COVID-19 patients (mean ages = 31 and 66.8 years, respectively), we found that clonally expanded B cells in young patients were predominantly of the IgA isotype and their BCRs had incurred higher levels of somatic hypermutation than elderly patients. In conclusion, our scSeq analysis defines the adaptive immune repertoire and transcriptome in convalescent COVID-19 patients and shows important age-related differences implicated in immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Fast and accurate multi-material model for the prediction of laser welded structural response
Authors: Arif Waseem , Naceur Hakim , Miran Sajjad , Leconte Nicolas , Markiewicz Eric 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an elasto-plastic multi-material shell model by which finite element analysis of laser welded joints is carried out at the interface of the heat-affected zone and base material.

Design/methodology/approach
The multi-material shell model is implemented on the simple cantilever and double cantilever welded plates to examine the efficiency of the developed model.

Findings
By reducing the computational time approximately 20 times with the developed model, the results obtained in the form of von Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain are found in good agreement as compared with the reference solid model.

Originality/value
The accurate and fast prediction of the stresses and strains in the laser welded joints, and the developed multi-material model is helpful to simulate complex industrial welded structures.
Proposing the safe and brave space for organisational environment: including trans* and gender diverse employees in institutional gender diversification
Authors: Ladwig Robin C. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore an alternative strategy to decrease disadvantaging gender binarism and cis-normativity in an organisational context by including trans* and gender diverse (TGD) employee voices through the development of a safe and brave space (S&BS).

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper discusses the potential construction of S&BS and the possible integration as well as requirements of it into an organisational environment. The elaborated theoretical underpinning of a queering approach is used to build the foundation and the design of a potential successful implementation.

Findings
Current diversity management strategies are repeatedly reported as inadequate to tackle the issue of gender binarism and cis-normativity or even to reinforce them via various strategies. The integration of S&BS could offer cis as well as TGD people an opportunity to participate in the development of organisational structures and managerial decision-making within a democratic and empowering environment. Managing gender with the support of TGD employees may increase inclusion, equity and diversity of gender in management and organisation.

Originality/value
Although much of the management and organisational literature accepts the concept of gender binarism and cis-normativity, the integration of TGD employee voices through the adaptation of S&BS from an educational context into organisational management has not been explored.
An improved feature extraction algorithm for insider threat using hidden Markov model on user behavior detection
Authors: Ye Xiaoyun , Han Myung-Mook 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
By using a new feature extraction method on the Cert data set and using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to model and analyze the behavior of users to distinguish whether the behavior is normal within a continuous period.

Design/methodology/approach
Feature extraction of five parts of the time series by rules and sorting in chronological order. Use the obtained features to calculate the probability parameters required by the HMM model and establish a behavior model for each user. When the user has abnormal behavior, the model will return a very low probability value to distinguish between normal and abnormal information.

Findings
Generally, HMM parameters are obtained by supervised learning and unsupervised learning, but the hidden state cannot be clearly defined. When the hidden state is determined according to the data set, the accuracy of the model will be improved.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a new feature extraction method and analysis mode, which determines the shape of the hidden state according to the situation of the data set, making subsequent HMM modeling simple and efficient and in turn improving the accuracy of user behavior detection.
Festival tourism and socioeconomic development: case of Kwahu traditional areas of Ghana
Authors: Doe Frederick , Preko Alexander , Akroful Hellen , Okai-Anderson Effie Kwaaba 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe place of festivals in national economic development has received increased attention from researchers globally. However, there appears to be a relatively small and disparate literature on the subject especially within the Ghanaian context. The study seeks to contribute to the global recognition of festivals as developmental tools and thus presents the effects of festival tourism on socio-economic capital of the people of Kwahu traditional area (Ghana) and how festival tourism in the region engenders economic benefits to businesses and the community.Design/methodology/approachThis study is guided by the social development theory. A quantitative cross-sectional survey utilizing convenience technique was used to gather data from a sample of 398 residents of the selected towns and the regression model was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings revealed festival tourism to have a positive effect on community cohesiveness but not statistically significant. Further, the festival brought economic gains but had negative social effects on development of the selected towns.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is destination-specific. The application of the findings to other festivals would demand a bigger sample size for generalisation to be made.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that for growth of festival tourism in Ghana to be actualised, the Ghana Tourism Authority needs to ensure festivals do not erode entrenched traditional values and negate efforts at developing social structures and systems by putting measures to reduce the negative effect of commoditisation of festivals on the communities' cultural authenticity. Law enforcement agents should also be massively beefed up to curtail crime and social vices.Originality/valueThe study's findings extend earlier studies to extend the scope in festival tourism literature. This study found that festival tourism has effect on both community cohesion and economic development of the people of Kwahu traditional area.
Socially responsible human resource practices and hospitality employee outcomes
Authors: Luu Tuan Trong 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to unfold the mediation mechanism of job crafting, through which socially responsible human resource practices (SRHR practices) influence work meaningfulness and job strain among hospitality employees. It also seeks to unravel the moderating effect of authentic leadership on this indirect relationship.Design/methodology/approachThree survey waves were conducted to collect data from 825 employees and 128 managers from 34 four- or five-star hotels in two major cities in Vietnam. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results lent credence to the positive relationship between SRHR practices and employees’ meaningfulness of work as well as the negative nexus between SRHR practices and employees’ job strain. These relationships were mediated by employee engagement in job crafting. The results further revealed that authentic leadership functioned as a negative moderator for the impact of SRHR practices on job crafting as well as the indirect effects of SRHR practices on the two employee outcomes via job crafting.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest to hospitality organizations that employees may find their work more meaningful and less stressful if they implement SRHR practices to enable them to craft their tasks. Hospitality organizations should also realize the role of authentic behavior among managers in stimulating employee job crafting behavior particularly when SRHR practices are not fully in place.Originality/valueThis study advances the understanding of the mechanisms that translate SRHR practices into hospitality employee outcomes. This work also extends the contingency perspective in the HRM literature by unraveling authentic leadership as a contingency for the impacts of SRHR practices.
How to enhance scholarly impact: recommendations for university administrators, researchers and educators
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Yu Larry , Tosun Cevat 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine scholarly impact which is critical to universities in their aspiration to create, disseminate and apply knowledge. However, scholarly impact is an elusive concept. First, the authors present a conceptual model to clarify different dimensions of scholarly impact (i.e. theory and research, education, organizations and society) and four key stakeholders (i.e. other researchers, students, practitioners and policy makers). Second, the authors provide actionable recommendations for university administrators, researchers and educators on how to enhance impact. The scholarly impact model is flexible, expandable, scalable and adaptable to universities in different regions of the world and with different strategic priorities.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a general review of the literature and offered a multidimensional and multistakeholder model of scholarly impact to guide future actions aimed at enhancing scholarly impact.

Findings
The authors describe the multidimensional and multistakeholder nature of the critical and yet elusive concept of scholarly impact. The authors delineate multiple dimensions of impact, different stakeholders involved and recommendations for enhancing scholarly impact in the future.

Practical implications
The authors offer practical and actionable recommendations on how to enhance scholarly impact. For university administrators, the authors recommend aligning scholarly impact goals with actions and resource-allocation decisions; ensuring that performance management and reward systems are consistent with impact goals; being strategic in selecting a journal list; developing a strong doctoral program; and promoting practical knowledge and applications. For researchers and educators, the authors recommend developing a personal scholarly impact plan; becoming an academic decathlete; finding ways to affect multiple impact dimensions simultaneously; and leveraging social media to broaden impact on external stakeholders. Implementing these recommendations will benefit other researchers, students, practitioners (e.g. managers, consultants) and policy makers.

Originality/value
The authors provide an innovative way of conceptualizing scholarly impact. In turn, the conceptual analysis results in actionable recommendations for university administrators, researchers and educators to enhance impact.
Benefits and challenges for Malaysian hotels when employing foreign workers and interns
Authors: Ahmad Rozila , Scott Noel 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
In Malaysia, globalization has increased the number of multinational hotel chains and independent five-star hotels employing foreign professionals, interns and labourers. This study aims to explore the benefits and challenges for hotels of the many foreigners working in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Malaysian hotel managers concerning employment of foreign workers.

Findings
The results indicate that the employment of foreign workers benefits customers, enlarges the hotel’s network of industry contacts and enhances the knowledge, professionalism and service culture of the hotel workforce. This study identified challenges for the foreign workers such as culture shocks and problems with learning the Malay language.

Research limitations/implications
This is an exploratory qualitative study conducted prior to the outbreak of COVID-19. The unemployment issue is worsened as COVID-19 spreads globally. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is among the first study to examine the positive and negative impacts of foreign workers employment in hotels in Malaysia.

Practical implications
The employment of foreign workers reduces the availability of jobs for locals. Recommendations are provided for locals to improve their employability and for hotels to better host international interns.

Social implications
This study highlights the need for balance between the benefits of foreign workers employment, and its challenges such as local unemployment.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is among the first in the international human resources management literature to provide a first-hand perspective of employment of expatriate managers, foreign labourers and interns in hotels in a Southeast Asian developing country.