bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Convolutional Neural Networks Learning Mechanisms for Machine Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Alabsi Mohammed , Mohammad Ahmad Saeed , Sammoud Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

In recent years, Deep Learning (DL) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have been used and deployed jointly to solve a wide range of modern technical challenges in different areas. With the continuous advancement of IoT connectivity solutions, the range of applications that can benefit from such an increase is limitless. One area that can benefit significantly from the combined strength of DL and IoT technologies is Machine Health Monitoring (MHM) Systems. MHM utilizes different analytical approaches and tools to determine the state and health of different components in running machinery. The traditional MHM system uses control limits from predetermining values that determine if a component has failed depending on the preset limits of the machinery. The main disadvantage of using such technique us the unpredictable nature of the timing and component failure. This type of failure causes unplanned production time loss and increases the cost of maintenance due to the unpredictability of the failure events. With DL and low-cost sensors that use different IoT connectivity solutions, MHM systems can utilize the learning capabilities of the DL network to perform end-to-end prognosis. One crucial fact is that features learned by Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are part of a large black box, and there are valuable underlying physical meanings embedded within the features. Hence, there is an exciting research area to explore underlying mechanisms and interpret physical meanings within DNN. In this paper, DNN learning mechanisms are evaluated using three different models: stacked autoencoders (SAE), denoising autoencoders (DAE), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). Initial results indicate that the input layer behaves similarly to a band-pass filter. However, deep layers require optimal input design to maximize neuron activation, which leads to an extensive understanding of deep layer learning consequently (In progress).
INVENTARISASI SERANGAN HAMA KUTU PUTIH (Mealybug) PADA TANAMAN SINGKONG DI KECAMATAN ROGOJAMPI DAN SINGOJURUH
Authors: Atusholihah Syofi , Diah Etika Maharatih Setiarina , Fuad Ardiyansyah 
Published: February 2021

Kutu putih Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Fererro (Hemiptera: Pseudo-coccidae) merupakan hama yang paling banyak menimbulkan kerusakan pada pertanaman singkong. Kabupaten Banyuwangi khususnya di Kecamatan Rogojampi dan Singojuruh belum pernah dilaporkan mengenai jenis-jenis hama kutu putih yang menyerang pertanaman singkong, hal ini disebabkan karna belum adanya laporan petani tentang pengurangan produksi akibat hama kutu putih dan juga petani belum menyadari akan dampat serangan hama kutu putih pada tanaman singkong. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan selama dua bulan yaitu pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2018 di Kecamatan Singonjuruh dan Rogojampi di kebun warga sekitar. Analisis data meliputi keanekaragaman spesies, penentuan kerusakan mutlak, dan kelimpahan jenis. Hasil menunjukan ditemukan spesies Paracoccus marginatus dan Ferrisia virgata. keanekaragaman spesies di Kecamatan Rogojampi Hˊ= 0.725 dengan kategori rendah, sedangkan pada Kecamatan Singojuruh memiliki total indeks keanekaragaman Hˊ = 0,022 kategori rendah. Kelimpahan jenis kutu putih di Kecamatan Rogojampi dan Singojuruh didominasi oleh jenis Paracoccus marginatus dengan nilai kelimpahan 1.956 individu di Rogojampi dan 2.390 individu di Singojuruh. Kerusakan mutlak yang disebabkan oleh serangan kutu putih yang ditemukan di Kecamatan Rogojampi pada jenis Paracoccus marginatus adalah 0,602 dan pada jenis Ferrisia virgate yaitu 0,771. Total kerusakan mutlak tanaman singkong yang ada di kecamatan Rogojampi adalah 1,373% angka tersebut menunjukkan kerusakan sedang pada tanaman singkong. Untuk diwilayah kecamatan singojuruh menunjukkn total kerusakan mutlak tanaman singkong yaitu berjumlah 1,281 angka tersebut menunjukkan kerusakan sedang pada tanaman singkong.
Tratamiento multimodal del dolor agudo postoperatorio agregando paracetamol IV a protocolo ya establecido
Authors: Pérez Abel , Flores Sandra Eunice , García-Gallont Rudolf 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El paracetamol intravenoso fue autorizado en el año 2001 para Europa, en el 2016 se autoriza en Guatemala. Esta presentación ha generado diferentes expectativas alrededor del mundo, por lo que se evaluó su administración al agregarse al tratamiento de analgesia postoperatoria multimodal. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto analgésico en el tratamiento multimodal de dolor agudo postoperatorio con paracetamol IV en la población guatemalteca. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo caso-control para la evaluación del dolor postoperatorio inmediato (24 horas) al agregar paracetamol IV al protocolo de analgesia estándar. En pacientes de ambos géneros, entre 18 y 70 años de edad, con peso mayor o igual a 50 Kg. con una cirugía electiva abierta o por vía laparoscópica, en una muestra de 110 pacientes dividida en dos grupos. Se comparó el número de pacientes que necesitaron dosis de rescate y el nivel de dolor según la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) durante 4 evaluaciones en el postoperatorio agudo. Para determinar la correlación entre las variables se utilizó la prueba de independencia de Ji cuadrado. Resultados: Se demostró que agregar paracetamol IV al tratamiento estándar disminuye la cantidad de pacientes que requieren dosis de rescate y mejoran su analgesia durante el postoperatorio agudo. Conclusiones: El paracetamol IV es de beneficio al ser agregado al tratamiento de analgesia multimodal convencional de un hospital privado de Z.10.
A Review Article on Corona Virus 2019-nCoV (COVID-19)
Authors: Balaji M.S.  , Darshan Sohi  
Published: February 2021

Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, the viruses cause
respiratory infections which are typically mild, including the common cold; however, rarer forms such as
SARS, MERS and the novel coronavirus causing the current outbreak can be lethal. Coronaviruses were
discovered in the 1960s. On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus,
which was labelled as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). Human to human transmission
of coronaviruses is primarily thought to occur among close contacts via respiratory droplets generated
by sneezing and coughing. Clinical laboratories performing routine haematology, urinalysis, and clinical
chemistry studies, and microbiology laboratories performing diagnostic tests on serum, blood, or urine.
There is currently no vaccine to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. The best way to prevent infection is to avoid
being exposed to this virus.
FREQUENCY OF TWO ROOTS IN PERMANENT MANDIBULAR CANINE OF PAKISTANI POPULATION: A CONE BEAM COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT) STUDY
Authors: Nauman Bari Khan  , Muhammad Azhar  , Nabeela Abbasi  , Baig Amir Mushtaq , Benish Mehmood  , Azad Ali Azad  
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Missed root/canal is one of the main causes of endodontic failure. Permanent mandibular canine is considered to be a single rooted tooth. The complex pattern of root canal system poses difficulty in the root canal treatment and the prognosis becomes uncertain if the debridement and obturation of the root canals is not satisfactory therefore our objective of the study is to assess frequency of two roots in permanent mandibular canine of Pakistani population using CBCT scan.
METHODOLOGY: A descriptive; retrospective study was planned by using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images of the past 02 year, i.e. December 2017 till November 2018. Images were assessed for the number of roots in permanent mandibular canines using software NNTVIEWER NewTOM. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 21.

RESULTS: 134 permanent mandibular canines of 67 patients were studied. 64.2% of the images were of male patients while 35.8% were of females. Mean age of the patients was 48.12 ± 15.92 years. 7 (5.22%) out of 134 canines had two roots. 4 patients (5.97%) had canines with 2 roots of which 3 patients (4.48%) had bilateral two-rooted canines and 1 patient (1.49%) had unilateral two-rooted canines. Frequency of two roots in mandibular canines had no association with gender (p= 0.127).
CONCLUSION: All mandibular permanent canines were single rooted but 5.2% of the permanent mandibular canines had two roots.
Aproximación a los conceptos de blockchaing, smart contracts y su relación con la función notarial. / Approach to the concepts of blockchain, smart contracts and their relationship with the notarial function.
Authors: Cabrera Cecilia Soledad 
Published: February 2021

Los desarrollos tecnológicos inciden en la forma en que tiene lugar el desenvolvimiento de las relaciones humanas a través del uso de los instrumentos jurídicos. Internet y los sistemas informáticos permiten la creación, almacenamiento, recuperación y difusión de documentos a través de códigos digitales. Así, los documentos se desmaterializan para digitalizarse. Por ello, el artículo pretende realizar una aproximación a los conceptos de blockchain y smart contract, y luego abordar algunas posibles vinculaciones e incidencias respecto de las funciones notariales.
ABSTRACT:
Technological developments affect the development of human relationships through the use of legal instruments. Internet and computer systems allow the creation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of documents through digital codes. Thus, documents are dematerialized to be digitized. Therefore, the article aims to make an approach to the concepts of blockchain and smart contract, and then present some possible impacts regarding notarial functions.
EXPERIENCE OF GASTROPANCREATODUODENAL RESECTION WITH CIRCULAR RESECTION OF MAJOR VENOUS VESSELS
Authors: Orelkin V. I. , Toneev E. A. , Zhinov A. V. , Gorodnov S. V. , Abroskin B. V. , Orelkina Y. D. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of work. Improve patient outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.Material and methods of research. We present our own clinical observation of surgical treatment of malignant neoplasms of the head of the pancreas with invasion of the main venous vessels. In 2019, on the basis of 1 surgical Department of the GUZ Regional clinical oncological dispensary, 2 patients underwent gastropancreatoduodenal resections with circular portal vein resection and end-to-end angioplasty.The results of the study and their discussion. Tumor invasion into the main venous vessels is not a contraindication to performing radical surgery and is achievable when performing gastropancreatoduodenal resection, due to resections of the main venous vessels together with the tumor invading its wall.Conclusions. Resection of the portal vein together with the pancreatic head tumor invading its wall contributes to the achievement of radical surgery when performing gastropancreatoduodenal resection.
The Pre-He White Dwarfs in Eclipsing Binaries. II. WASP 0843–11
Authors: Hong Kyeongsoo , Lee Jae Woo , Koo Jae-Rim , Park Jang-Ho , Rittipruk Pakakaew , Kim Hye-Young , Kanjanasakul Chanisa , Han Cheongho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and our high-resolution spectra of the EL CVn–type star 1SWASP J084356.46–113327.5 (WASP 0843–11), which consists of an F-type main-sequence (MS) star and a hotter low-mass helium white dwarf precursor (pre-He WD). In a spectral analysis, double-lined radial velocities (RVs) were obtained for the first time. From a simultaneous analysis of the TESS light and RV curves, the masses, radii, and temperatures of each component were determined to be M
1 = 1.733 ± 0.031 M
⊙, M
2 = 0.220 ± 0.008 M
⊙, R
1 = 2.094 ± 0.013 R
⊙, R
2 = 0.331 ± 0.003 R
⊙, T
1 = 6960 ± 120 K, and T
2 =9870 ± 310 K, respectively. According to their physical properties, the primary and secondary stars are located on the instability strips of δ Sct/γ Dor hybrids and extremely low-mass WDs, respectively. We applied multiple frequency analyses to the residual light curve after subtracting the binarity effects and detected a total of four independent frequencies. A frequency of f
3 = 1.6356 day−1 in the low-frequency region was reminiscent of γ Dor stars, while the other three frequencies of f
2, f
15, and f
18 in the high-frequency region (150–196 day−1) are probably related to pre-He WD components. Our results demonstrate that the more massive MS primary star of WASP 0843–11 is a γ Dor pulsator, whereas the hotter secondary component is a pre-He WD with high-frequency pulsations.
The Initial Mass Function of Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the W3 Complex
Authors: Huston M. J. , Luhman K. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have used archival infrared images obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope to constrain the initial mass function of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the W3 star-forming region. The images cover 438 arcmin2, which encompasses the entire complex, and were taken in the filters F110W, F139M, and F160W. We have estimated extinctions for individual sources in these data from their colors and have dereddened their photometry accordingly. By comparing an area of the images that contains the richest concentration of previously identified W3 members to an area that has few members and is dominated by background stars, we have estimated the luminosity function for members of W3 with masses of 0.03–0.4 M
⊙. That luminosity function closely resembles data in typical nearby star-forming regions that have much smaller stellar populations than W3 ( ≲ 500 versus several thousand objects). Thus, we do not find evidence of significant variations in the initial mass function of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with star-forming conditions, which is consistent with recent studies of other distant massive star-forming regions.
JWST/MIRI Simulated Imaging: Insights into Obscured Star Formation and AGNs for Distant Galaxies in Deep Surveys
Authors: Yang 杨 G. 光 , Papovich C. , Bagley M. B. , Buat V. , Burgarella D. , Dickinson M. , Elbaz D. , Finkelstein S. L. , Fontana A. , Grogin N. A. , Jung I. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Kirkpatrick A. , Koekemoer A. M. , Pérez-González P. G. , Pirzkal N. , Yung L. Y. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope MIRI instrument will revolutionize extragalactic astronomy with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution in mid-IR. Here we assess the potential of MIRI photometry to constrain galaxy properties in the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. We derive estimated MIRI fluxes from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of real sources that fall in a planned MIRI pointing. We also obtain MIRI fluxes for hypothetical active galactic nucleus (AGN)–galaxy mixed models varying the AGN fractional contribution to the total IR luminosity (fracAGN). Based on these model fluxes, we simulate CEERS imaging (3.6 hr exposure) in six bands from F770W to F2100W using mirisim and reduce these data using jwst pipeline. We perform point-spread-function-matched photometry with tphot and fit the source SEDs with x-cigale, simultaneously modeling photometric redshift and other physical properties. Adding the MIRI data, the accuracy of both redshift and fracAGN is generally improved by factors of ≳2 for all sources at z ≲ 3. Notably, for pure-galaxy inputs (fracAGN = 0), the accuracy of fracAGN is improved by ∼100 times thanks to MIRI. The simulated CEERS MIRI data are slightly more sensitive to AGN detections than the deepest X-ray survey, based on the empirical L
X–L
6 μm relation. Like X-ray observations, MIRI can also be used to constrain the AGN accretion power (accuracy ≈0.3 dex). Our work demonstrates that MIRI will be able to place strong constraints on the mid-IR luminosities from star formation and AGNs and thereby facilitate studies of the galaxy/AGN coevolution.
ALMA CN Zeeman Observations of AS 209: Limits on Magnetic Field Strength and Magnetically Driven Accretion Rate
Authors: Harrison Rachel E. , Looney Leslie W. , Stephens Ian W. , Li Zhi-Yun , Teague Richard , Crutcher Richard M. , Yang Haifeng , Cox Erin G. , Fernández-López Manuel , Shinnaga Hiroko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While magnetic fields likely play an important role in driving the evolution of protoplanetary disks through angular momentum transport, observational evidence of magnetic fields has only been found in a small number of disks. Although dust continuum linear polarization has been detected in an increasing number of disks, its pattern is more consistent with that from dust scattering than from magnetically aligned grains in the vast majority of cases. Continuum linear polarization from dust grains aligned to a magnetic field can reveal information about the magnetic field’s direction, but not its strength. On the other hand, observations of circular polarization in molecular lines produced by Zeeman splitting offer a direct measure of the line-of-sight magnetic field strength in disks. We present upper limits on the net toroidal and vertical magnetic field strengths in the protoplanetary disk AS 209 derived from Zeeman splitting observations of the CN 2–1 line. The 3σ upper limit on the net line-of-sight magnetic field strength in AS 209 is 5.0 mG on the redshifted side of the disk and 4.2 mG on the blueshifted side of the disk. Given the disk’s inclination angle, we set a 3σ upper limit on the net toroidal magnetic field strength of 8.7 and 7.3 mG for the red and blue sides of the disk, respectively, and 6.2 and 5.2 mG on the net vertical magnetic field on the red and blue sides of the disk. If magnetic disk winds are a significant mechanism of angular momentum transport in the disk, magnetic fields of a strength close to the upper limits would be sufficient to drive accretion at the rate previously inferred for regions near the protostar.
Reconciling EHT and Gas-dynamics Measurements in M87: Is the Jet Misaligned at Parsec Scales?
Authors: Jeter Britton , Broderick Avery E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope mass estimate for M87* is consistent with the stellar dynamics mass estimate and inconsistent with the gas-dynamics mass estimates by up to 2σ. We have previously explored a new gas-dynamics model that incorporated sub-Keplerian gas velocities and could, in principle, explain the discrepancy in the stellar and gas-dynamics mass estimate. In this paper, we extend this gas-dynamical model to also include non-trivial disk heights, which may also resolve the mass discrepancy independent of sub-Keplerian velocity components. By combining the existing velocity measurements and the Event Horizon Telescope mass estimate, we place constraints on the gas disk inclination and sub-Keplerian fraction. These constraints require the parsec-scale ionized gas disk to be misaligned with the milliarcsecond radio jet by at least 11°, and more typically 27°. Modifications to the gas-dynamics model either by introducing sub-Keplerian velocities or thick disks produce further misalignment with the radio jet. If the jet is produced in a Blandford–Znajek-type process, the angular momentum of the black hole is decoupled with the angular momentum of the large-scale gas feeding M87*.
Identification of Possible Heat Sources for the Thermal Output of Enceladus
Authors: Leone Giovanni , Bieger Klaus , Soto Mario 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have calculated the amount of radioactive heat production (RHP) that could possibly prevent the postulated underground ocean of Enceladus from freezing. An internal heat source is necessary to justify the observed heat output from Enceladus and to allow the tidal dissipation heating models to work. Also based on the terrestrial evidence, we have assumed that the most common radiogenic element that can produce such internal heat is 238U. Our results show that a minimum amount in the range 38.10–76.59 ppm of 238U, averaged over the whole mass of Enceladus, is necessary to obtain the required RHP. The range of values increases to 63.60–127.70 ppm if we consider only the mass of the rocky portion and 2890–5775 ppm if we consider the mass of the rock + ice portion of Enceladus just below the southern polar area. Even in the latter case, the concentration of uranium is still well below the amount found in high-grade ore on Earth.
Antigen Nonspecific Induction of Distinct Regulatory T Cell States in Oncogene-Driven Hyperproliferative Skin
Authors: Zhou Chenhao , Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Lukowski Samuel Wieslaw , Chandra Janin , Frazer Ian H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are recruited to nonlymphoid tissues in chronic disease, including cancer, and the tissue environment is held to shape the Treg phenotype diversity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we examined the transcriptomic and TCR profile of Tregs recruited to hyperproliferative HPV16 E7–expressing transgenic and control nontransgenic murine skin grafts. Tregs were more abundant in E7 transgenic skin grafts than control grafts, without evidence of E7 specificity. E7 transgenic grafts attracted both Klrg1+ Tregs and Il1r2+ Tregs, which were phenotypically distinct but shared a core gene signature with previously described tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis of Tregs of defined TCR clonotypes predicted phenotypic plasticity within the skin and between the skin and draining lymph nodes. Thus, oncogene-induced hyperproliferative skin expressing a single defined non–self-antigen can attract and induce non–Ag-specific Tregs that acquire distinct regulatory phenotypes characterized by specific effector gene signatures.
Hip Range of Motion and Strength and Energy Flow During Windmill Softball Pitching
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Wasserberger Kyle , de Swart Anne , Friesen Kenzie , Downs Jessica , Bordelon Nicole 
Published: February 2021

Context
Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.

Objective
To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching-arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (age = 11.2 ± 1.3 years, height = 155.0 ± 10.4 cm, mass = 53.2 ± 12.6 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Bilateral hip internal-rotation and external-rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured.

Results
Regression analysis revealed an effect of drive-hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (P = .045) and humerus (P = .002). Specifically, increased drive-hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to achieve higher pitch speeds.

Conclusions
An association was present between drive-hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in executing the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy-flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in furthering our understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.