bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good soil management can reduce dietary zinc deficiency in Zimbabwe
Authors: Manzeke-Kangara Muneta G. , Joy Edward J. M. , Mtambanengwe Florence , Chopera Prosper , Watts Michael J. , Broadley Martin R. , Mapfumo Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with adverse impacts on human health. Agronomic biofortification with Zn fertilizers and improved soil fertility management, using mineral and organic nutrient resources, has previously been shown to increase Zn concentration of staple grain crops, including maize. Here, we show the potential of different soil fertility management options on maize crops to reduce dietary Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe using secondary data from a set of surveys and field experiments.

Methods
An ex-ante approach was used, informed by published evidence from studies in three contrasting smallholder production systems in Zimbabwe. To estimate current Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe, data on dietary Zn supply from non-maize sources from the Global Expanded Nutrient Supply (GENuS) data set were linked to maize grain Zn composition observed under typical current soil fertility management scenarios.

Results
A baseline dietary Zn deficiency prevalence of 68% was estimated from a reference maize grain Zn composition value of 16.6 mg kg−1 and an estimated dietary Zn intake of 9.3 mg capita−1 day−1 from all food sources. The potential health benefits of reducing Zn deficiency using different soil fertility management scenarios were quantified within a Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) framework. A scenario using optimal mineral NPK fertilizers and locally available organic nutrient resources (i.e. cattle manure and woodland leaf litter), but without additional soil Zn fertilizer applications, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 19.3 mg kg−1. This would reduce the estimated prevalence of dietary Zn deficiency to 55%, potentially saving 2238 DALYs year−1. Universal adoption of optimal fertilizers, to include soil Zn applications and locally available organic leaf litter, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 32.4 mg kg−1 and reduce dietary Zn deficiency to 16.7%, potentially saving 9119 DALYs year−1. Potential monetized yield gains from adopting improved soil fertility management range from 49- to 158-fold larger than the potential reduction in DALYs, if the latter are monetized using standard methods.

Conclusion
Farmers should be incentivized to adopt improved soil fertility management to improve both crop yield and quality.
Lithology and sedimentary heterogeneity of Longmaxi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Pu Boling , Dong Dazhong , Ning Xinjun , Wang Shufang , Wang Yuman , Feng Shaoke 
Published: September 2021

Producers have always been eager to know the reasons for the difference in the production of different shale gas wells. The Southern Sichuan Basin in China is one of the main production zones of Longmaxi shale gas, whereas the shale gas production is quite different in different shale gas wells. The Longmaxi Formation was deposited in a deepwater shelf that had poor circulation with the open ocean, and it is composed of a variety of facies that are dominated by fine-grained (clay to silt size) particles with varied organic matter distribution, causing heterogeneity of the shale gas concentration. According to the different mother debris and sedimentary environment, we recognized three general sedimentary subfacies and seven lithofacies on the basis of mineralogy, sedimentary texture and structures, biota, and the logging response: (1) There are graptolite-rich shale facies, siliceous shale facies, calcareous shale facies, and a small amount of argillaceous limestone facies in the deepwater shelf of the Weiyuan area and graptolite-rich shale facies and carbonaceous shale facies in the Changning area; (2) there are argillaceous shale facies and argillaceous limestone facies in the semi-deepwater continental shelf of the Weiyuan area and silty shale facies in the Changning area; and (3) argillaceous shale facies mainly developed in the shallow muddy continental shelf of the Weiyuan area, whereas silty shale facies mainly developed in the shallow shelf of the Changning area. Judging from the biostratigraphy of graptolite, the sedimentary environment was different in different stages.
Όψεις και απόψεις για τη νεότερη και σύγχρονη Ιστορία στο εικονογραφημένο παιδικό βιβλίο γνώσεων.
Authors: Αγγελάκη Ρόζη Τριανταφυλλιά 
Published: September 2021

Η νεότερη και σύγχρονη Ιστορία της Ελλάδος βρίθει από αναπροσαρμογές αναφορικά με τη συγκρότηση της εθνικής μας ταυτότητας και το «ενθυμείσθαι». Οι αναπροσαρμογές αυτές ερμηνεύονται πολλαπλά και μας υπενθυμίζουν, πέρα από την αφηγηματική γλώσσα της Ιστορίας, την καταλυτική δράση του χρόνου ως προς τη μεταβολή της ατομικής και, κατ’ επέκταση, της συλλογικής μνήμης, καθώς επίσης την προσπάθεια οικοδόμησής της με στοιχεία από διάφορες ιδεολογίες. Εξετάζοντας την πολιτισμική πορεία μας, διαπιστώνουμε πως η στροφή στη νεωτερικότητα διαφοροποίησε την εικόνα των οικονομικο-κοινωνικών, στρατιωτικο-πολιτικών και θρησκευτικών γεγονότων που διαμορφώθηκαν πριν από την Επανάσταση του 1821 και κατά τη διάρκειά της και εντοπίζουμε ολοένα και περισσότερες διαφοροποιημένες ερμηνείες που αφορούν στην εικόνα όσων διαδραμάτισαν σημαντικό ρόλο τόσο κατά τη διάρκεια της Οθωμανικής κυριαρχίας, όσο και στη διάρκεια της προετοιμασίας του απελευθερωτικού Αγώνα. Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζουν οι «αναπαραστάσεις» που κατασκευάστηκαν, προκειμένου να «απεικονίσουν» τους κλέφτες και τους αρματωλούς: στα ακροβατώντα μεταξύ λογοτεχνικού και ιστορικού είδους Απομνημονεύματα, για παράδειγμα, όπου παρουσιάζεται η προσωπικότητα και εξιστορείται η δράση τους, σημειώνεται πλήθος αντιφάσεων- κυρίως, λόγω ζητημάτων πολιτειακής και οικονομικής φύσεως. Στο παρόν άρθρο θα εξεταστεί πώς η συγγραφέας Γιολάντα Χατζή, με τη συμβολή του εικονογράφου Πέτρου Χριστούλια και της ιστορικού Χριστίνας Κουλούρη, μέσα από το έργο της σειράς Μικρές ελληνικές ιστορίες με τίτλο «Κλέφτες και Αρματωλοί» (Καστανιώτης, 2020), επιχειρεί να μεταδώσει στα παιδιά πληροφορίες για τον θεσμό των ανδρών που συνέβαλαν στη εκδήλωση των πρότερων επαναστατικών κινημάτων και οδήγησαν στην Επανάσταση του 1821. Επιπλέον, θα εξεταστεί ο τρόπος με τον οποίο αποτυπώνει τις συνθήκες που επικρατούσαν κατά την περίοδο της οθωμανικής κυριαρχίας στον ελλαδικό χώρο. Επιπλέον, στην προσπάθεια να διερευνηθεί η δυναμική των παιδικών βιβλίων γνώσεων που πραγματεύονται το δίπολο ιστορία-Ιστορία, θα εξεταστεί αν προϊδεάζονται οι αναγνώστες μικρής ηλικίας για έννοιες με ποικίλες διαστάσεις, για συλλογικές πολιτισμικές κατασκευές και για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο διαμορφώνονται οι ιστορικές πραγματικότητες. Παράλληλα, θα σχολιαστεί κατά πόσον οι «διχασμένες» εθνικές παραδόσεις και οι διαφορετικές ερμηνείες επιβεβαιώνουν τη σύγκλιση της Ιστορίας με τη Λογοτεχνία.
Recommendations from long-term care reports, commissions, and inquiries in Canada
Authors: Wong Eric K. C. , Thorne Trina , Estabrooks Carole , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Multiple long-term care (LTC) reports have issued similar recommendations for improvement across Canadian LTC homes. Our primary objective was to identify the most common recommendations made over the past 10 years. Our secondary objective was to estimate the total cost of studying LTC issues repeatedly from 1998 to 2020. Methods: The qualitative and cost analyses were conducted in Canada from July to October 2020. Using a list of reports, inquiries and commissions from The Royal Society of Canada Working Group on Long-Term Care, we coded recurrent recommendations in LTC reports. We contacted the sponsoring organizations for a cost estimate, including direct and indirect costs. All costs were adjusted to 2020 Canadian dollar values. Results: Of the 80 Canadian LTC reports spanning the years of 1998 to 2020, 24 (30%) were based on a national level and 56 (70%) were focused on provinces or municipalities. Report length ranged from 4 to 1491 pages and the median number of contributors was 14 (interquartile range, IQR, 5–26) per report. The most common recommendation was to increase funding to LTC to improve staffing, direct care and capacity (67% of reports). A median of 8 (IQR 3.25–18) recommendations were made per report. The total cost for all 80 reports was estimated to be $23,626,442.78. Conclusions: Problems in Canadian LTC homes and their solutions have been known for decades. Despite this, governments and non-governmental agencies continue to produce more reports at a monetary and societal cost to Canadians.
Botox or the new face of the fight against depression - literature review
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Kozyra Magdalena , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kaczerska Marlena , Śmiech Natalia , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder leading to high burden especially for some other psychiatric comorbidity. Annually over 43 billion dollars are expended for patients with depression among them 28% are directly for depression and other costs are related to mortality and morbidity due to depression. The aim of the study: Paying attention to new options for treating depression – a disease that affects more and more people.Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: botulinum toxin; depression; treatment.Description of the state of knowledge: Injecting Botox into the muscles responsible for expression of anguish or sadness may potentially decrease the patients experience of feelings. Botox reversibly blocks acetylcholine release from neuronal axons into the synapse, inhibiting neuromuscular transmission. If the facial feedback hypothesis is correct, by injecting Botox into the corrugator and procerus muscles, it will reversibly inhibit frown facial expressions and have the capability of propagating or enhancing sad and depressed feelings.Summary: The results from all randomized control trials proved that botulinum toxin A injection in the glabellar region was associated with significant improvement mood and may be a safe and effective treatment to reduce symptoms of depression.
Treatment of malignant melanoma - a review of the literature
Authors: Kluz Natalia , Klas Jakub 
Published: September 2021

Melanoma is caused by genetic mutations in melanocytes, pigment-producing cells found in the skin, eye, inner ear, and soft meninges. Sun exposure, atypical nevi, previous history of melanoma, and the presence of multiple (≥40) common nevi were found to be associated with an increased risk of melanoma detection (OR: 1. 3; 95% CI: 1. 1-1. 6). Its prevalence is highest among light-skinned populations and in regions of lower latitudes. Significance of family history of melanoma and presence of congenital nevi were excluded. For localized primary melanoma, the dominant prognostic factors for survival are lesion thickness, ulceration, and lymph node involvement Understanding the pathogenesis of melanoma has been crucial in developing new therapeutic approaches. The characterization of oncogenic signaling pathways and interactions has made it possible to identify new targets for clinically effective therapies, such as pathway inhibitors and antibodies to immune checkpoints or the use of phototherapy. In this article we describe the main signaling pathways which are deregulated in melanoma. We also mention how it has become a viable and crucial strategy for melanoma therapy and then thoroughly review the safety, clinical efficacy and progress regarding PDT- promising alternative therapy and the immunotherapies of melanoma in especially advanced metastatic stage basing on published clinical data and registered clinical trials, most of which are in phase III.
Postcovid pulmonary complication
Authors: Korzec Tomasz , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kalicka Maria , Kania Konrad , Cyboran Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The World Health Organization in March 2020 announced a pandemic of COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is one of the seven species known to be pathogenic to humans in this group of viruses. The incubation period of the virus is 2-14 days, usually about 5 days. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to enter the host's mucosa and cause an active infection. Symptomatic infection may be complicated by reversible or irreversible changes in the lungs and pulmonary embolism. Method: Recent literature was reviewed based on PubMEd, Google scholar, using words: covid lung, post covid lung, post covid, covid lung fibrosis, Objective: Systematisation of information on pulmonary postovid complications
Nutrition, physical activity and lifestyle as important indicators for the body mass index in high school students
Authors: Ramaj Lorik , Hasani Sadete 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the problems of underweight, overweight and obesity in young people of high school in Drenas, respectively a sample of 150 adolescents (73 males and 77 females aged 17 years). The research was conducted in the physical education class, initially was performed measurement of weight and height then the questionnaire with 26 questions. Data were collected with the statistical program SPSS version 21.0, descriptive analysis was performed with (Mean and standard deviation), all variables were tested for normality, significant level (significant level p <0.05). Results of anthropometric characteristics, the average age was 17.2 years. Weight / kg for men was 59.4 kg for women 57.3kg the average for both genders was 58.3 (± 6.2) kg. Height / cm males 1.68cm, females 1.61cm the average of both genders was 1.64 (± 6.6) cm. BMI body mass index kg / m² in men 21.0, women 22.1, the average of both sexes 21.55 kg / m5. The results show that men have lower BMI (p> 0.05) 21.55 kg / m² than girls with 22.1 kg / m². Data showed underweight males are 12%, and females 10%. BMI Normal male 74%, and female 69%. Overweight males 11%, females 13% while a significant difference was observed between obese boys and girls (obese) males 3% and females 8%. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that small percentages are involved in collective or individual sports, the most pronounced participation in sports was identified: football, volleyball and basketball, and relatively satisfactory were physical activity in household activities. It is recommended to build outdoor fitness and sports gyms, as well as the opening of various sports clubs in this area, and to have more research in this area, to prove the institucions how important are places for sport and physical activities.
Safety and Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Mielniczek Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The types of COVID-19 vaccines have been distinguished, ie vector viral vaccines, mRNA, subunit vaccines. These include traditional approaches - inactivated, live-attenuated and protein / adjuvant-based, as well as novel, as yet unlicensed - viral vectors and nucleic acids. There are scientific publications showing the safety and possible side effects of vaccines from various companies.
Purpose of the work : Analysis of the safety of COVID-19 vaccines on the basis of scientific publications published on the PubMed scientific platform. Publications have been published in the last 12 months. The safety and adverse effects of vaccines were assessed in the course of clinical trials.
Results: Among the main side effects so far were mild / moderate pain at the injection site, redness, hives and rash. Allergic reactions to vaccines are - apart from pronounced local reactions (> 10 cm) at the injection site - very rare and are usually caused by the vaccine's allergy to the components of the vaccine. In addition, there may be swelling or tenderness of the lymph nodes in the armpit, headache, pain in the muscles and joints, nausea and vomiting.
Conclusions: Regardless of the concern, these vaccines are characterized by similar mild, systemic side effects, which indicates the similarity in the safety of these vaccines. Severe adverse reactions occur in extreme cases. More patients only experienced side effects after the second dose.
Keywords: vaccines; coronavirus; COVID-19; safety of COVID-19 vaccines; side effects
Bipolar Androgen Therapy in the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Laszczak Katarzyna , Warchoł Konrad , Moqbil Sara , Kalicka Karolina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) as one of the most frequent neoplasms in men remains a challenge for oncologists. The main strategy of its treatment is the Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) the principle of which is an inducement of hypogonadism. The lack of testosterone is not only a factor greatly contributing to a decrease of quality of life overall, but additionally it increases the odds of the complications, including low libido and erectile disfunction, metabolic abnormalities, high cardiovascular risk, osteoporosis, anaemia, or depression. ADT also has the potential of inducement of castration resistance (CRPC), which significantly worsen patients prognosis. The main purpose of this review is to explore the Bipolar Androgen Therapy (BAT), which has the potential to solve the aforementioned problems.
State of knowledge: The mechanism of BAT action has been described. BAT is effective not only against CRPC, but androgen-dependant PCa as well. BAT reverses the hormone resistance in CRPC, thus allowing the rechallenging of the ADT. It has the direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Additionally BTA increases the exponents of the general quality of life of the patients. There is a number of active clinical trials regarding BAT.
Conclusions: BAT is a safe therapeutic strategy with the high efficacy in reversing hormone resistance in CRPC patients, thus significantly increasing their health prognoses and it allows to alleviate or avoid the adverse effects of ADT.
PROGRAM KOMPLEKSOWEJ REHABILITACJI PO ALLOPLASTYCE PORESEKCYJNEJ GMRS W WYNIKU LECZENIA TORBIELI TĘTNIAKOWATEJ SZYJKI KOŚCI UDOWEJ.
Authors: Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Siemińska Julia , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja 
Published: September 2021

WSTĘP Nowotwór złośliwy kości rzadko wykrywany jest w jego wczesnym stadium i zazwyczaj w momencie diagnozy występuje już naciekanie tkanek miękkich. Objawy, które występują to ból, który nasila się w nocy, pogrubienie tkanek oraz ograniczenie ruchomości kończyny wynikające z destrukcji kości.CELEM PRACY był opis przypadku pacjenta po resekcji nowotworu złośliwego kości (Fibrolastic osteosarcoma) oraz stworzenie programu kompleksowej rehabilitacji pooperacyjnej.
MATERIAŁ I METODY Analiza przypadku dokonana w niniejszej pracy potwierdza potrzebę holistycznego traktowania pacjenta ze zdiagnozowanym nowotworem złośliwym kości. U pacjent A.S. w wieku 23 lat rozpoznano torbiel tętniakowatą szyjki kości udowej lewej ze złamaniem patologicznym i rozległą destrukcją kości. Wykonano leczenie radykalne z całkowitą alloplastyką poresekcyjną. Opisano fizjoterapię szpitalną i rehabilitację 5 miesięcy po zabiegu operacyjnym. Praca potwierdza konieczność całościowego zastosowania procesu opieki nad pacjentem, który obejmuje diagnostykę, leczenie oraz rehabilitację.WYNIKI Fizjoterapia jest wprowadzana dobę po operacji i trwa do momentu wypisania pacjenta do domu. Metody i ćwiczenia fizjoterapeutyczne dostosowuje się do zakresu operacji, stanu ogólnego i wieku chorego. Celem jest uzyskanie przez pacjenta jak największej samodzielności poruszania się i wykonywania czynności dnia codziennego. W rehabilitacji poszpitalnej dąży się do przywrócenia prawidłowej, możliwej do osiągnięcia, ruchomości i stabilności stawów. Pacjent powinien przyjmować poprawny wzorzec chodu przy możliwie minimalnej asekuracji sprzętem ortopedycznym.
WNIOSKI 1. Pacjenci po zabiegu resekcji części bliższej kości udowej i aloplastyce GMRS powinni rozpocząć rehabilitację już pierwszego dnia po zabiegu opeeracyjnym. 2. Terapia manualna i osteopatia są niezmiernie ważne w programie rehabilitacji po zabiegu operacyjnym usunięcia nowotworu kości.
The programme of comprehensive rehabilitation after LUMIC post-resection with the reconstruction of a proximal part of femur with MUTARS system resulting from the treatment of pelvis chondrosarcoma.
Authors: Sachaj Anna , Karina Szczypiór-Piasecka  , Mińko Alicja , Antczak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Malignant neoplasms of bone originating from the supporting tissues of the body of mesinchymal origin are heterogeneous in clinical and histological terms. In most cases, the etiology of these tumors is unknown. Histologically, sarcomas are classified into three main types. Chondrosarcoma (31% of sarcomas), osteosarcoma - originating from bone tissue (also accounts for 31% of sarcomas), Ewing sarcoma - originating from neuroectodermal tissue (accounts for 14% of sarcomas). The aim of this study was to present a program of comprehensive rehabilitation after LUMIC resection arthroplasty with reconstruction of the proximal part of the femur using the Mutars system as a result of pelvic chondrosarcoma treatment.
Materials and methods: The paper describes a case of a patient diagnosed with left pelvic chondrosarcoma with a pathological fracture and destruction of the left hip joint.
Results: In the rehabilitation program, both inpatient and outpatient, many methods of therapy have been used in order to restore the patient to the highest possible fitness as quickly as possible. The therapy was based on such exercises and methods as: PNF method, methods of visceral therapy, active exercises and methods of osteopathy.
Conclusion: Rehabilitation is an indispensable element of the treatment of cancer patients. The introduction of modern techniques, such as manual therapy and osteopathy to rehabilitation, has a positive effect on the effectiveness of therapy.
PROGRAM KOMPLEKSOWEJ REHABILITACJI PO RESEKCJI GUZA BLIŻSZEJ CZĘŚCI KOŚCI RAMIENNEJ I PORESEKCYJNEJ BEZCEMENTOWEJ ENDOPROTEZOPLASTYCE STAWU RAMIENNEGO
Authors: Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Szwedowicz Weronika , Mińko Alicja , Antczak Krzysztof , Orłowska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2021

Wstęp:
Mięsaki kości są nowotworami złośliwymi, występującym dość rzadko. We wszystkich państwach europejskich mięsak kości stanowi poniżej 0,4% odnotowanych nowotworów złośliwych. Mięsaki kości stanowią zróżnicowaną grupę nowotworów pochodzenia mezenchymalnego. Obowiązujący podział mięsaka kości na podtypy histologiczne opiera się na pochodzeniu od danych komórek stanowiących składowe kości. Metodą leczenia mięsaków o niskiej złośliwości histologicznej jest chirurgiczne usunięcie guza, lecz więcej niż 70% przypadków wymaga leczenia skojarzonego polegającego na wykonaniu zabiegu chirurgicznego oraz przeprowadzeniu chemioterapii przed- oraz pooperacyjnej ze względu na wysoką złośliwość histologiczną. [1-3]
Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie programu kompleksowej rehabilitacji pacjenta N.E. po resekcji guza bliższej części kości ramiennej prawej na skutek rozległego przerzutu jasnokomórkowego raka nerki oraz wstawieniu implantu kości ramiennej typu MUTARS. Mężczyzna N. E. lat 62, po przebytym raku jasnokomórkowym (G2) lewej nerki po NSS (2010 r.), dnia 18.04.16 r. został przyjęty na oddział chirurgii z powodu dolegliwości bólowych nadbrzusza oraz lewego barku. Rehabilitacja poszpitalna przeprowadzona została cztery miesiące od wykonanego zabiegu operacyjnego. Jej głównym celem było przywrócenie maksymalnej sprawności fizycznej możliwej do osiągnięcia przez pacjenta po zabiegu endoprotezoplastyki stawu ramiennego. Polegała głównie na ćwiczeniach wzmacniających siłę mięśniową obręczy barkowej, treningu propriocepcji, stabilizacji oraz przygotowaniu pacjenta do swobodnego wykonywania czynności samoobsługi, a także powrotu do aktywności zawodowej [4,5].