bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raising awareness of acute onset of swelling and lip paraesthesia in a teenage patient
Authors: Boscarino Angela , Rogers Simon N 
Published: October 2021

We report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma in a 19-year-old patient that manifested as ipsilateral numbness of the lower lip and swelling in the region of masseter insertion. Despite there being widespread metastatic disease at presentation, the diagnosis was delayed with false reassurance from a normal brain scan and the assumption that the symptoms were due to infection related to the lower wisdom tooth. Once the primary tumour site was established, the patient responded to the relatively new immunotherapy treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma as advocated in the 2019 NICE guidance. There are no other documented case reports that discuss papillary renal carcinoma with metastatic spread to the mandible in teenagers. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case highlights the importance of malignancy being a differential diagnosis of lip paraesthesia irrespective of age.
Racial disparities in emergency care for seizures in the United States
Authors: Gaddam Sriman 
Published: October 2021

Background Racial disparities exist regarding emergency medical services, and advanced life support (ALS) is superior to basic life support (BLS) for patients experiencing a seizure. Aims This study aims to identify if there are racial disparities regarding access to ALS care for patients having a seizure. Methods This study analysed 624 011 seizure cases regarding the provision of BLS rather than ALS care per racial group. Chi-square testing was used to check statistical significance and effect size was measured using relative risk. Findings On average, non-white patients experiencing a seizure had a 21% higher relative risk of receiving BLS care than white patients. The highest disparity concerned American Indian patients, who had a 66% higher relative risk of receiving BLS care than white patients. Conclusions Overall, non-white patients are less likely to receive ALS when experiencing a seizure than white patients, potentially leading to worse prehospital outcomes from less access to time-critical medications.
Complications of surgical reconstruction of multiligament injuries of the knee joint: diagnosis, prevention and treatment
Authors: Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos , De la Corte-Rodríguez Hortensia , Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. , Gómez-Cardero Primitivo 
Published: October 2021

The main complications of surgical reconstruction of multiligament injuries of the knee joint are residual or recurrent instability, arthrofibrosis, popliteal artery injury, common peroneal nerve injury, compartment syndrome, fluid extravasation, symptomatic heterotopic ossification, wound problems and infection, deep venous thrombosis, and revision surgery. Careful surgical planning and execution of the primary surgical reconstruction of multiligament injuries of the knee joint can minimize the risk of the aforementioned complications. Careful postoperative follow-up is required to detect complications. Early recognition and prompt treatment are of paramount importance. To obtain good results in the revision surgery of failed multiligamentary knee reconstructions, it is crucial to perform a thorough and exhaustive evaluation to detect all the causes of failure. Addressing all associated injuries during revision surgery will lead to the best possible subjective and objective results, although functional outcomes are often modest. However, advanced age and high-energy injuries have been associated with the poorest functional outcomes after revision surgery of failed multiligament injuries of the knee joint. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:973-981. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210057
Evaluation of Horizontal Patternators According to International Standard Requirements for Boom Sprayers
Authors: Gil Emilio , Bueno Mariana , Campos Javier , Gallart Montserrat , Da Cunha Joao P. A. R. 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsHorizontal distribution according ISO Standard 16119 is a measurement procedure to evaluate boom sprayers.ISO Standards 5682-1 and 5682-2 establish technical requirements for horizontal patternators.In this study, three types of patternators were evaluated to test their capability to meet the standards.The evaluated patternators showed similar results for spray distribution patterns.Minor deviations from ISO Standard 5682 did not imply differences according ISO Standard 16119.Abstract. Uniformity of spray volume distribution is one of the officially established measurements for the evaluation of horizontal boom sprayers according to ISO Standard 16119 and requirements established by ISO Standard 16122. Measurement of spray distribution patterns requires the use of specific devices such as horizontal patternators, which are included in the technical specifications for ISO Standards 5682-1 and 5682-2. Three such devices were tested, including two manual patternators (fixed and mobile) and one electronic patternator. According to information provided by the manufacturers, all three patternators align with ISO requirements. This study evaluated and compared the results obtained with the three patternators. Specifically, the horizontal distributions measured by the patternators were evaluated and compared using four nozzle types (XR 11003, AIXR 11003, TTJ60 11003, and AITTJ60 11003), three boom heights, and three operating pressures. Tests were conducted to quantify single-nozzle spray patterns, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the entire boom distribution, the liquid recovery capability of the three patternators, and the ability to simulate the entire boom spray distribution from a single-nozzle spray pattern. Results demonstrated correct functioning of all three patternators, resulting in identical conclusions considering the requirements established in the ISO standards. The CV values of the horizontal distributions were less than 10% for all cases. Moreover, the trends in values for all the evaluated factors (nozzle type, boom height, and operating pressure) were the same, independent of the patternator used. Keywords: ISO 16119, ISO 16122, ISO 5682, Liquid recovery, Nozzle spray pattern, Patternator, Spray boom, Transverse distribution, Uniformity.
A Dynamic Model for the Relationship between Rice Growth and Meteorology, Water, Nitrogen, and Canopy Structure
Authors: Tatsumi Kenichi 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsA simulation model was built for understanding rice growth dynamics.Two rice cultivars under two nitrogen fertilization conditions were simulated.Simulated dry weight agreed well with the measured values.Daily maximum temperature was negatively correlated with rice growth.Abstract. Crop growth models are highly effective tools for solving various practical problems in agriculture, such as farm decision-making, agronomic management, and prediction of climate change impact on crop growth. This article presents a robust model to explain the dynamics among microclimate, canopy structure, and rice biomass growth based on ecological, physiological, and physical processes. Meteorological values, leaf area index (LAI), plant height, and dry weight of leaf, stem, and panicle were intermittently measured in the field for two rice cultivars under two different nitrogen (N) fertilization conditions during the 2017 and 2018 growing periods. Based on these measurements, a comprehensive and robust growth model, the Integrated Rice Growth Model (iRGM), was developed for rice growth simulations under various meteorological, fertilizer, and water conditions. The results showed that the iRGM provided sufficient quantitative explanations for the measured rice growth dynamics in the field compared with the ORYZA2000 model. Moreover, parameter sensitivity analyses showed that the initial slope of the light response curve had a significant effect on the dry weight throughout the growing period. Growth conversion efficiency, maintenance respiration rate, and daily increase in LAI also had larger influences on rice growth. On the other hand, the maximum temperature, which increased by 10% over the values obtained in the rice field, was negatively correlated with growth. This model would be useful for quantitative evaluations and predictions of complex systems encountered in environmental management and cultivar stability. Keywords: Canopy structure, Dry weight, Microclimate, Rice dynamic growth model, Sensitivity analysis.
The Manitoba Land Calculator: A Tool to Estimate Land Requirements for Manure Application in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Cordeiro Roniele , Loro Petra , Cordeiro Marcos , Sawka Clay , Ominski Kim , Flaten Don 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsThe Manitoba Land Calculator is a tool to estimate land requirements for new and expanding livestock operations.This new tool reflects Manitoba production practices and recent advances in animal and crop performance.Considerably more land is needed for management of manure phosphorus than when only nitrogen is considered.Sufficient land for application of manure supports the environmental sustainability of livestock production.Abstract. The planning of new livestock and poultry facilities or expansion of existing facilities should ensure sufficient land for manure application. Decision support tools used to establish land requirements for manure nutrients should take into consideration advances in animal genetics, performance, feeding strategies, and available feeds. This article presents a new tool for estimating land requirements for new and expanding pig, beef, dairy, and poultry operations in the province of Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Land Calculator (MLC) estimates land requirements for manure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). It uses a mass balance approach to estimate nutrient excretion by livestock and poultry based on typical Manitoba feeding practices, weight gain, and production cycles. Crop nutrient utilization and removals can be calculated for 20 common crops grown in Manitoba using reliable long-term yields and farm-specific crop areas. Two case studies (pig and poultry) were selected from the Livestock Technical Review Public Registry on the Government of Manitoba website to illustrate the inputs and outputs associated with the MLC. The results indicated that land requirements increased by 4.6-fold and 5.7-fold for the poultry and pig operations, respectively, compared to the previous provincial methodology due to the inclusion of P in the model. Securing additional land during the planning stages will support the implementation of nutrient stewardship principles that ensure the long-term environmental sustainability of livestock operations. Keywords: Animal production, Land requirements, Livestock and poultry, Manure, Mass balance, Nutrient excretion.
Photonic-based analog and digital RF self-interference cancellation with high spectral efficiency
Authors: Shi Taixia , Han Moxuan , Chen Yang 
Published: October 2021

A photonic-assisted analog and digital radio frequency (RF) self-interference cancellation (SIC) approach with high spectral efficiency is reported for base stations in in-band full-duplex radio-over-fiber systems on the basis of our previous research. One dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator is used as the canceller for one base station. The two dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators of the DP-QPSK modulator are both biased as carrier-suppressed single-sideband modulators and driven by the received signal and reference signal, respectively, to achieve high spectral efficiency while implementing the SIC in the optical domain. The baseband optical signal after SIC is further transmitted to the central station, where the electrical signal is recovered, sampled, and processed to further suppress the residual self-interference in the digital domain by using the recursive least-square (RLS) algorithm. An experiment is then performed. The proposed system is demonstrated by employing two independent channels. The analog cancellation depths of the 200, 500, and 800 Mbaud QPSK-modulated self-interferences are around 24, 20, and 20 dB, respectively; the total cancellation depths are around 29, 28, and 25 dB, respectively, when the analog cancellation and the RLS algorithm digital cancellation are applied. Meanwhile, the fiber distribution has no significant influence on SIC performance.
Health and economic benefits of achieving hepatitis C virus elimination in Pakistan: A modelling study and economic analysis
Authors: Lim Aaron G. , Scott Nick , Walker Josephine G. , Hamid Saeed , Hellard Margaret , Vickerman Peter 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundModelling suggests that achieving the WHO incidence target for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination in Pakistan could cost US$3.87 billion over 2018 to 2030. However, the economic benefits from integrating services or improving productivity were not included.Methods and findingsWe adapt a HCV transmission model for Pakistan to estimate the impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of achieving HCV elimination (reducing annual HCV incidence by 80% by 2030) with stand-alone service delivery, or partially integrating one-third of initial HCV testing into existing healthcare services. We estimate the net economic benefits by comparing the required investment in screening, treatment, and healthcare management to the economic productivity gains from reduced HCV-attributable absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature deaths. We also calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for HCV elimination versus maintaining current levels of HCV treatment. This is compared to an opportunity cost-based willingness-to-pay threshold for Pakistan (US$148 to US$198/DALY).Compared to existing levels of treatment, scaling up screening and treatment to achieve HCV elimination in Pakistan averts 5.57 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.80 to 8.22) million DALYs and 333,000 (219,000 to 509,000) HCV-related deaths over 2018 to 2030. If HCV testing is partially integrated, this scale-up requires an investment of US$1.45 (1.32 to 1.60) billion but will result in US$1.30 (0.94 to 1.72) billion in improved economic productivity over 2018 to 2030. This elimination strategy is highly cost-effective (ICER = US$29 per DALY averted) by 2030, with it becoming cost-saving by 2031 and having a net economic benefit of US$9.10 (95% UI 6.54 to 11.99) billion by 2050. Limitations include uncertainty around what level of integration is possible within existing primary healthcare services as well as a lack of Pakistan-specific data on disease-related healthcare management costs or productivity losses due to HCV.ConclusionsInvestment in HCV elimination can bring about substantial societal health and economic benefits for Pakistan.
INFLUENCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SORBUS AUCUPARIA
Authors: Sokolova Elena Nikolaevna , Yuraskina Tat'yana Vladimirovna , Borshcheva Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Fursova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Sharikov Anton Yur'yevich , Serba Elena Mikhailovna 
Published: October 2021

Currently, the diet of almost all population groups in Russia is characterized by a deficiency of vitamins, essential amino acids, macro- and micronutrients, as well as biologically active substances (flavonoids, carotenoids, etc.). Replenishment of the lack of these components in the diet of the population due to natural sources of plant origin is an important and actual task of national health care. The rational use of natural components of plant materials containing a wide range of natural biologically active substances using biocatalytic methods, as well as the selection of optimal conditions for obtaining commodity forms of ingredients, will allow to create preventive products that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Theoretical research in the field of promising sources of food and biologically active ingredients among wild species of plant materials were carried out. Biomedical properties of Sorbus aucuparia were described. The technological characteristics of the biologically active substances extraction from dried plant raw materials was investigated. Thus, it was revealed that the degree of dried berries grinding about 0.2–0.8 mm, the hydromodule 1 : 10 and the extraction duration 240 minutes are most effective for the extractive substances yield. The enzymatic complex, allowing the maximum to release biologically valuable components to extract was selected. The amino acid composition of rowanberry with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. Produced fermentalizates contain complex of biologically active compounds, including amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic substances, that makes these ingredients promising for creation of various foodstuffs to improve quality, nutritional and biological value, taste and other consumer properties.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION
Authors: Табаленкова Галина 
Published: October 2021

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE DRY EXTRACT "ROSMATIN" FROM THE HERB OF DRACOCEPHALUM MOLDAVICA L.
Authors: Sheychenko Olga Petrovna , Sheychenko Vladimir Ivanovich , Goryainov Sergey Vladimirovich , Zvezdina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Kurmanova Elena Nikolaevna , Ferubko Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Uyutova Elena Viktorovna , Potanina Ol'ga Georgiyevna , Khazhzhar Fadi 
Published: October 2021

Moldavian Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual herb. In FGBNU VILAR a new variety of Moldavian Dragonhead «Nezhnost» has been developed. From the herb of the Moldavian Dragonhead, a technology has been developed for obtaining a dry purified extract, which has received the code name «Rozmatin».
By NMR (1H and 13C) and HPLC-DAD-MS using standard samples and literature data, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the dry extract "Rozmatin" from the herb of the Dracocephalum moldavica was established. Rosmarinic, caffeic and ferulic acids, rosmarinic acid 3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (tilianin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Cosmosiin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, chrysoeryol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, apigenin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-O-malonyl) glucoside, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-malonyl) glucoside, schizotenuin F were identified. It was found that the content of rosmarinic acid in "Rosmatin" is 56.6%, the amount of flavonoids - about 27%. The study of anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of "Rozmatin" in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg was carried out. A dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect with suppression of the development of the exudative phase of inflammation, as well as a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect of "Rozmatin"", significantly exceeding the similar effect of the referent drug omeprazole, was revealed. Earlier it was found that "Rozmatin" has a tonic effect on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
FLAVONOIDS OF IRIS SIBIRICA L. GROWN IN VITRO CULTURE
Authors: Mazko Olesya Nikolayevna , Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) separately and in interaction with auxins on the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in the raw materials of regenerating plants Iris sibirica L. Cambridge grade in comparison with aeroponic and intact raw materials using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Raw materials of I. sibirica Cambridge variety obtained in vitro culture had a richer qualitative composition of flavonoids than intact plants. The dependence of the accumulation of flavonoids on the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in nutrient media was noted. The presence of 13 compounds was observed in extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol from regenerating plants grown at the lowest concentration of BAP (1.0 µM) within the experiment. In quantitative terms, the flavonoid apigenin was maximally determined on a medium with BAP 1 µM, and kaempferol - on media with BAP 5.0 µM, supplemented with auxins. For a medium with 7.5 µM BAP, the lowest variety of compounds was observed (9) and the lowest kaempferol content. Auxins influenced the synthesis of flavonoids. The amount of flavonoids in all variants of the experiment increased by an average of 13% in the presence of auxins.
The stages of the technological process of obtaining raw materials I. sibirica Cambridge variety on the basis of clonal micropropagation and cultivation in aeroponics conditions allowed to obtain raw materials that do not contain heavy and toxic metals, are not infected with pathogens and pests. With 1 m2 of useful area of aeroponics for 1 year, it is possible to collect 5 times more raw materials than with field cultivation. According to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, aeroponic raw materials are identical to intact plants.
Association Between Serum Levels of Neurofilament Light Chains and Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Labenz Christian , Nagel Michael , Kämper Paula , Engel Sinah , Bittner Stefan , Kaps Leonard , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Lüssi Felix 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with liver cirrhosis would be desirable. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the association between MHE and serum levels of neurofilament light chains (sNfL) in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODS:
sNfL were studied in patients with liver cirrhosis (with or without MHE) and controls (patients with ischemic stroke, transitory ischemic attack, and healthy individuals). MHE was diagnosed using the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score.

RESULTS:
Patients with MHE showed higher sNfL than patients without MHE and controls. In multivariable analyses, higher sNfL were independently associated with the presence of MHE. sNfL had a reliable discriminative power for the detection of MHE with an area under the curve of 0.872.

DISCUSSION:
MHE is associated with higher sNfL.