bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Intelligent Control of Oxygenation (PRICO) in preterm infants on high flow nasal cannula support: a randomised cross-over study
Authors: Dijkman Koen P , Mohns Thilo , Dieleman Jeanne P , van Pul Carola , Goos Tom G , Reiss Irwin KM , Andriessen Peter , Niemarkt Hendrik J 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of automated control of inspired oxygen (FiO2) by Predictive Intelligent Control of Oxygenation (PRICO) on the Fabian ventilator in maintaining oxygen saturation (SpO2) in preterm infants on high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) support.DesignSingle-centre randomised two-period crossover study.SettingTertiary neonatal intensive care unit.Patients27 preterm infants (gestational age (GA) <30 weeks) on HFNC support with FiO2 >0.25.InterventionA 24-hour period on automated FiO2-control with PRICO compared with a 24-hour period on routine manual control (RMC) to maintain a SpO2 level within target range of 88%–95% measured at 30 s intervals.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: time spent within target range (88%–95%). Secondary outcomes: time spent above and below target range, in severe hypoxia (SpO2 <80%) and hyperoxia (SpO2 >98%), mean SpO2 and FiO2 and manual FiO2 adjustments.Results15 patients received PRICO-RMC and 12 RMC-PRICO. The mean time within the target range increased with PRICO: 10.8% (95% CI 7.6 to 13.9). There was a decrease in time below target range: 7.6% (95% CI 4.2 to 11.0), above target range: 3.1% (95% CI 2.9 to 6.2) and in severe hypoxia: 0.9% (95% CI 1.5 to 0.2). We found no difference in time spent in severe hyperoxia. Mean FiO2 was higher during PRICO: 0.019 (95% CI 0.006 to 0.030). With PRICO there was a reduction of manual adjustments: 9/24 hours (95% CI 6 to 12).ConclusionIn preterm infants on HFNC support, automated FiO2-control by PRICO is superior to RMC in maintaining SpO2 within target range. Further validation studies with a higher sample frequency and different ventilation modes are needed.
Evaluation of intravitreal topotecan dose levels, toxicity and efficacy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: a preclinical and clinical study
Authors: Bogan Carley M , Kaczmarek Jessica V , Pierce Janene M , Chen Sheau-chiann , Boyd Kelli L , Calcutt Marion W , Bridges Thomas M , Lindsley Craig W , Nadelmann Jennifer B , Liao Albert , Hsieh Terry , Abramson David H , Francis Jasmine H , Friedman Debra L , Richmond Ann , Daniels Anthony B 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCurrent melphalan-based intravitreal regimens for retinoblastoma (RB) vitreous seeds cause retinal toxicity. We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan monotherapy compared with melphalan in our rabbit model and patient cohort.MethodsRabbit experiments: empiric pharmacokinetics were determined following topotecan injection. For topotecan (15 μg or 30 µg), melphalan (12.5 µg) or saline, toxicity was evaluated by serial electroretinography (ERG) and histopathology, and efficacy against vitreous seed xenografts was measured by tumour cell reduction and apoptosis induction. Patients: retrospective cohort study of 235 patients receiving 990 intravitreal injections of topotecan or melphalan.ResultsIntravitreal topotecan 30 µg (equals 60 µg in humans) achieved the IC90 across the rabbit vitreous. Three weekly topotecan injections (either 15 µg or 30 µg) caused no retinal toxicity in rabbits, whereas melphalan 12.5 µg (equals 25 µg in humans) reduced ERG amplitudes 42%–79%. Intravitreal topotecan 15 µg was equally effective to melphalan to treat WERI-Rb1 cell xenografts in rabbits (96% reduction for topotecan vs saline (p=0.004), 88% reduction for melphalan vs saline (p=0.004), topotecan vs melphalan, p=0.15). In our clinical study, patients received 881 monotherapy injections (48 topotecan, 833 melphalan). Patients receiving 20 µg or 30 µg topotecan demonstrated no significant ERG reductions; melphalan caused ERG reductions of 7.6 μV for every injection of 25 µg (p=0.03) or 30 µg (p<0.001). Most patients treated with intravitreal topotecan also received intravitreal melphalan at some point during their treatment course. Among those eyes treated exclusively with topotecan monotherapy, all eyes were salvaged.ConclusionsTaken together, these experiments suggest that intravitreal topotecan monotherapy for the treatment of RB vitreous seeds is non-toxic and effective.
Advance care planning for home health staff: a systematic review
Authors: Gleeson Aoife , Noble Simon , Mann Mala 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process where patients express their wishes regarding their future healthcare. Its importance has been increasingly recognised in the past decade. As increasing numbers of elderly people are living in care homes, the aim of this review was to identify the most effective ACP interventions to train/educate all levels of healthcare professionals working in care homes.DesignA systematic review. Two independent reviewers undertook screening, data extraction and quality assessment.Data sources Searched from inception to June 2018: Ovid Medline, Ovid Medline in process, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO Cinahl and Ovid PsycINFO.ResultsSix studies were included: three before and after studies, one cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT), one non-blinded RCT and one qualitative study. Five studies reported on ACP documentation, three on impact on ACP practice and three studies on healthcare-related outcomes. All quantitative studies reported an improvement in outcomes. In the three studies reporting on health-related outcomes, one showed significant reductions in hospitalisation rate, days and healthcare costs; one reported significant reductions in hospital deaths; and the third showed reductions in hospital days and deaths. A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the outcome measures. The included qualitative study highlighted perceived challenges to implementing an educational programme in the care home setting.ConclusionThere is limited evidence for the effectiveness of ACP training for care home workers. More well-designed studies are needed.Trial registration numberCRD42016042385 .
Characterizing the delays in adequate thromboprophylaxis after TBI
Authors: Dhillon Navpreet K , Hashim Yassar M , Berezin Naomi , Yong Felix , Conde Geena , Mason Russell , Ley Eric J 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWe sought to compare enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) to better understand the time and dose required to reach target anti-Xa levels. Our hypothesis was that patients with TBI have significant delays in the initiation of adequate pharmacological prophylaxis and require a higher enoxaparin dose than currently recommended.MethodsThe medical records of trauma patients who received enoxaparin dosing based on anti-Xa trough levels between August 2014 and October 2016 were reviewed. Patients were included if their anti-Xa trough level reached the target range (0.1 IU/mL to 0.2 IU/mL).ResultsA total of 163 patients had anti-Xa levels within the target range of which 41 (25.2%) had TBI. Patients with TBI had longer delays before initiating enoxaparin (7.5 days vs. 1.5 days after admission, p<0.01) and were more likely to receive unfractionated heparin prior to enoxaparin (46.3% vs. 11.5%, p<0.01). Anti-Xa levels reached the target range later in patients with TBI (11 days vs. 5 days after admission, p<0.01). Enoxaparin 40 mg two times per day was the median dose required to reach the target anti-Xa levels for both cohorts. VTE rates were higher among patients with TBI (22.0% vs. 9.0%, p=0.03). Four patients (9.8%) had progression of their intracranial hemorrhage prior to receiving enoxaparin, although none progressed during enoxaparin administration.ConclusionAmong patients with TBI who reached target anti-Xa levels, 11 days after admission were required to reach a median enoxaparin dose of 40 mg two times per day. Unfractionated heparin was used as pharmacological prophylaxis in about half of these patients. The delay in reaching the target anti-Xa levels and the use of unfractionated heparin likely contribute to the higher VTE rate in patients with TBI.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic.
Reply to the comment by Morales et al. on “Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species”
Authors: Lausen C.L. , Proctor Michael F. , Paetkau David , Nagorsen David W. , Govindarajulu Purnima , Burles Doug , Blejwas Karen 
Published: May 2021

A.E. Morales et al. (2021. Can. J. Zool. 99(5): 415–422) provided no new evidence to alter the conclusions of C.L. Lausen et al. (2019. Can. J. Zool. 97(3): 267–279). We present background information, relevant comparisons, and clarification of analyses to further strengthen our conclusions. The genesis of the original “evotis–keenii” study in British Columbia (Canada) was to differentiate Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895) (Keen’s myotis), with one of the smallest North American bat distributions, from sympatric Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864) (long-eared myotis), using something other than the suggested post-mortem skull size comparison, but no differentiating trait could be found, leading to the molecular genetics examination of C.L. Lausen et al. (2019). We present cumulative data that rejects the 1979 hypothesis of M. keenii as a distinct species. A.E. Morales et al. (2021) inaccurately portray C.L. Lausen et al.’s (2019) question and results; present inaccurate morphological and outdated distribution data; overstate the impact of homoplasy without supporting evidence; and misinterpret evidence of population structure.
Probing loop effects in wrong-sign Yukawa coupling region of Type-II 2HDM
Authors: Su Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the framework of 2HDM, we explore the wrong-sign Yukawa region with direct and indirect searches up to one-loop level. The direct searches include the latest$$H/A \rightarrow f{\bar{f}}, VV, Vh, hh$$H/A→ff¯,VV,Vh,hhreports at current LHC, and the study of indirect Higgs precision measurements works with current LHC, future HL-LHC and CEPC. At tree level of Type-II 2HDM, for degenerate heavy Higgs mass$$m_A=m_H=m_{H^\pm }<800$$mA=mH=mH±<800GeV, the wrong-sign Yukawa regions are excluded largely except for the tiny allowed region around$$\cos (\beta -\alpha )\in (0.2,0.3)$$cos(β-α)∈(0.2,0.3)under the combined Higgs constraints. The excluded region is also nearly independent of parameter$$m_{12}$$m12or$$\lambda v^2=m_A^2-m_{12}^2/(\sin \beta \cos \beta )$$λv2=mA2-m122/(sinβcosβ). The situation changes a lot after including loop corrections to the indirect searches, for example$$m_A=1500 \text {~GeV}$$mA=1500GeV, the region with$$\lambda v^2<0$$λv2<0will be stronger constrained to be totally excluded. Whilst parameter space with$$\lambda v^2>0$$λv2>0would get larger survived wrong-sign region for$$m_A=800 ~\text {~GeV}$$mA=800GeVcompared to it at tree level. We also conclude Higgs direct searches works better on constraining$$\lambda v^2 \approx 0$$λv2≈0GeV range than theoretical constraints. We also find that the loop-level wrong-sign Yukawa limit only occurs at mass decoupling scale.
GraphPEG
Authors: Lü Yashuai , Guo Hui , Huang Libo , Yu Qi , Shen Li , Xiao Nong , Wang Zhiying 
Published: May 2021

Due to massive thread-level parallelism, GPUs have become an attractive platform for accelerating large-scale data parallel computations, such as graph processing. However, achieving high performance for graph processing with GPUs is non-trivial. Processing graphs on GPUs introduces several problems, such as load imbalance, low utilization of hardware unit, and memory divergence. Although previous work has proposed several software strategies to optimize graph processing on GPUs, there are several issues beyond the capability of software techniques to address.
In this article, we present GraphPEG, a graph processing engine for efficient graph processing on GPUs. Inspired by the observation that many graph algorithms have a common pattern on graph traversal, GraphPEG improves the performance of graph processing by coupling automatic edge gathering with fine-grain work distribution. GraphPEG can also adapt to various input graph datasets and simplify the software design of graph processing with hardware-assisted graph traversal. Simulation results show that, in comparison with two representative highly efficient GPU graph processing software framework Gunrock and SEP-Graph, GraphPEG improves graph processing throughput by 2.8× and 2.5× on average, and up to 7.3× and 7.0× for six graph algorithm benchmarks on six graph datasets, with marginal hardware cost.
Elevated Serum Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol May Increase the Risk and Severity of Coronary Heart Disease and Predict Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huang Juan , Gu Jun-Xu , Bao Hui-Zhang , Li Shan-Shan , Yao Xiao-Qin , Yang Ming , Li Yang , Zhang Ai-Min , Yin Yue , Zhang Na , Jia Mei , Su Ming 
Published: May 2021

Background. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common and severe complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Increased amount of circulatory small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) particles is known to be a sign of dyslipidemia and can result in atherosclerosis. However, the association between serum sdLDL-C levels and CHD in T2DM patients remains unclear. Methods. A total of 3684 T2DM patients who received selective coronary angiography (CAG) were selected. For analyzing the association between sdLDL-C and CHD severity in T2DM, the patients with CHD were further divided into four subgroups according to the quartiles of sdLDL-C. A multivariate logistic regression was used for analyzing the risks and severity of CHD. A total of 3427 patients with continuous stable CHD were recruited and followed up for 5 years. Results. Serum sdLDL-C levels in the CHD group were significantly increased compared with those in the non-CHD group [0.80 (0.49) mmol/L vs. 0.70 (0.30) mmol/L,

p
<
0.001

]. The results from CHD subgroup analysis indicated that the sdLDL-C levels in patients with multiple-vessel disease and high Gensini score (GS) were significantly increased. By adjusting the confounding factors and analyzing with multiple logistic regression, we found that sdLDL-C independently correlated with the presence and severity of CHD (CHD:

OR
=
2.257

; multiple-vessel disease:

OR
=
3.288

; high GS:

OR
=
2.554

). A total of 484 major cardiovascular events (MACEs) were documented. After Kaplan-Meier analysis and chi-squared analysis, the incidence of MACEs in the high sdLDL-C group was higher than that in the low sdLDL-C group (16.04% vs. 12.25%,

p
=
0.002

). Conclusion. In T2DM patients, elevated serum sdLDL-C may increase the severity of CHD and predict cardiovascular events in the future. Therefore, serum sdLDL-C may be a potential biomarker for the surveillance of CHD in T2DM patients.
Male Circumcision Reduces Penile HPV Incidence and Persistence: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya
Authors: Smith Jennifer S. , Backes Danielle M. , Hudgens Michael G. , Mei Wenwen , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Rohner Eliane , Moses Stephen , Agot Kawango , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Bailey Robert C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in men. We assessed the effect of male circumcision on the incidence and natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a randomized clinical trial in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods:
Sexually active, 18- to 24-year-old men provided penile exfoliated cells for HPV DNA testing every 6 months for 2 years. HPV DNA was detected via GP5+/6+ PCR in glans/coronal sulcus and in shaft samples. HPV incidence and persistence were assessed by intent-to-treat analyses.

Results:
A total of 2,193 men participated (1,096 randomized to circumcision; 1,097 controls). HPV prevalence was 50% at baseline for both groups and dropped to 23.7% at 24 months in the circumcision group, and 41.0% in control group. Incident infection of any HPV type over 24 months was lower among men in the circumcision group than in the control group [HR = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.72]. Clearance rate of any HPV infection over 24 months was higher in the circumcision group than in the control group (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.49–2.34). Lower HPV point-prevalence, lower HPV incidence, and higher HPV clearance in the circumcision group were observed in glans but not in shaft samples.

Conclusion:
Male circumcision reduced the risk of HPV acquisition and reinfection, and increased HPV clearance in the glans.

Impact:
Providing voluntary, safe, and affordable male circumcision should help reduce HPV infections in men, and consequently, HPV-associated disease in their partners.
Abstract 13827: Sleep Quality Improved After Intensified Blood Pressure Lowering Therapy
Authors: Schmieder Roland E , Striepe Kristina , Bosch Agnes , Högerl Karin , Veelken Roland , Kolwelter Julie 
Published: May 2021

Insufficient and poor sleep on a chronic basis raises blood pressure (BP), the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease which in turn further leads to sleep disturbances.In a prospective observational study we tested the hypothesis whether intensification of antihypertensive therapy improves sleep quality Patients with arterial hypertension on multiple drug medication were followed for 3 months if according to the physician‘s perception BP control was insufficient or patients profit from simplification of drug therapy. Intensification of antihypertensive therapy consisted of switching from multiple pills per day to a single pill combination. Office BP readings and out-of-BP measurements were monitored. The abbreviated PITTSBURGH SLEEP INVENTORY (PSQI) was applied to assess sleep duration and quality Results: In 229 patients (mean age 65 years, 62 % were males) office BP decreased from 158 ± 15/92 ± 8 to 132 ± 10/87 ± 8 mmHg (both p<0.001). In parallel, sleep quality improved in 45 % and remained equal/worse in 53 % (p<0.001) after 3 months In patients whose sleep quality improved (N=95) office BP dropped from 160±15/94±10 to 131±8.6/80±7 mmHg (both p<0.001), whereas in patients with equal or worse sleep quality (N=119) BP fell only from 156±15/90±5 to 133±10/80±8 mmHg (both p<0.001). BP fall was significantly greater in those with improved sleep quality as opposed to those with equal/worse sleep quality after 3 months of therapy (4.98±1.5/2.71±0.94 mmHg, p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Change in out-office systolic BP measurements was greater in those with improved as opposed to those with equal/worse sleep quality (5.80±1.9 mmHg, p=0.003). Thus, intensification of antihypertensive treatment by using single pill combination resulted in significant fall in BP accompanied by an improvement in sleep quality.
Abstract Sleep quality improved after intensified blood pressure lowering therapy.docx
Dose Escalation and Safety of Capsaicin for Cerebral Perfusion Augmentation
Authors: Marquez-Romero Juan Manuel , Huerta-Franco María Raquel , Vargas-Luna Miguel , Madrigal-Gutiérrez César Abraham , Esparza-Hernández José Martín , Velázquez-Barcena María Guadalupe 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) electrical stimulation has been studied in the setting of acute ischemic stroke to enhance collateral flow. Capsaicin poses an alternative to chemically stimulate the sphenopalatine ganglion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the safety and effect of increasing doses of capsaicin upon serial transcranial Doppler markers of cerebral blood flow.

Methods:
We performed serial transcranial Doppler testing in 30 healthy volunteers divided into 5 equal groups. Capsaicin doses ranged from 33 to 165 μMol. We recorded peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities in the middle cerebral artery, arterial pressure, and perceived pungency in 5-minute intervals up to 20 minutes. We then calculated the mean velocity, the pulsatility index, and the cerebral blood flow index.

Results:
The participants’ median age was 21 years (range, 5 years); all reported consumption of capsaicin in their diets. After and during the study, none reported side effects. Perceived pungency peaked at 5 minutes, and by the 20-minute mark, none perceived any pungency. All the tested doses produced the same pattern, consisting of augmentation of the middle cerebral artery mean velocity with the pulsatility index’s diminution. The effects peaked between the 5- and the 10-minute measurements and then returned to basal levels except for the 66-μMol doses, which produced a sustained effect. We found no correlation between perceived pungency and dose, but the middle cerebral artery mean velocity was strongly correlated with the dose administered.

Conclusions:
This study provides evidence supporting the safety and tolerability of oral capsaicin in a population of healthy volunteers. Capsaicin appears to produce effects similar to those of sphenopalatine ganglion electrical stimulation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04545892.
<strong>Integrative assessment of the floristic diversity of Gentianaceae in an area of campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil</strong>
Authors: TANAJURA JÉSSICA LEÃO BARBOSA , PINHO CAROLINA SANTOS , DA SILVA RILQUER MASCARENHAS , DE CARVALHO MARIA LUIZA SILVEIRA 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to assess the diversity of species in the Espinhaço Range (ER), eastern Brazil, using as a model the diverse plant family Gentianaceae and focusing on the Parque Municipal de Mucugê—Projeto Sempre Viva (PMM), a conservation unit with predominance of “campo rupestre”. For this purpose, fieldwork expeditions were carried out between the years 2016–2018 along with a survey of species of this family recorded for this conservation unit in public databases. For comparative purposes, the listing of species from other five areas of the ER were also surveyed and we modeled the distribution of species endemic to these mountains, taking into account that they have their restrict distribution, high habitat specificity and importance to the ecosystem. The results indicated the presence of 33 species of Gentianaceae for the ER, eight of them occurring in the PMM. Comparatively, the results pointed to a greater floristic similarity between the PMM, Pico das Almas and Catolés, due to the presence of seven common species. Predictive distribution modeling supports high endemicity of the analyzed species, given their low environmental suitability outside the ER. The models also allowed us to identify possible areas showing high Wallacean shortfall for these species. Thus, the results reinforce the importance of field work, access to physical and digital botanical collections and the integrated use of tools for a more reliable survey of biodiversity.