bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Do Machines Tell us About Dementia? Machine Learning Applied to Aging, Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Study
Authors: Moura Denis Arthur Pinheiro , de Oliveira Joao Ricardo Mendes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dementia, a syndrome characterized by the progressive deterioration of memory and cognition, arises from different pathologies, with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) its most common cause. Patterns of gene expression during dementia of different etiologies may function as generalist biomarkers of the condition. We used RNA-Seq data from the Allen Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Study (ADTBI) to identify differentially expressed genes in brains with dementia. Machine Learning algorithms Decision Trees (DT) and Random Forest (RF) were used to create models to identify dementia samples based on their gene expression profile. Importance analyses were conducted to identify the most relevant genes in each classification model. A total of 1629 differentially expressed (DE) genes were found in brains with the condition. Gene PAN3-AS1 was the only DE gene across more than three brain regions. The artificial intelligence models were capable of identifying correctly up to 92.85% of dementia samples. Our analyses provide interesting insights regarding using brain-specific gene expression profiles as biomarkers of dementia, identifying genes possibly involved with dementia, and guiding future studies in prediction and early identification of the syndrome.
First Field Evidence On Circulation and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus Lineage-1a in Mosquitoes of Southern Iran
Authors: Isfahani Elham Biabangard , Dayer Mohammad Saaid , Kazemi Seyed Hassan Moosa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Mosquitoes play an important role in the transmission of arboviruses including neuroinvasive West Nile virus. (WNV). Despite reports on seroepidemiological evidence and distribution of potential vectors of WNV in Iran, its transmission and dominant lineage(s) in mosquitoes of the Southern region has not been yet investigated. This study was conducted to inventory mosquitoes in Hormozgan province and explore them for WNV infection.
Methods

A total of 6785 larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected from 11 sites during 2015–2016. The mosquitoes were analyzed for WNV lineage detection by RT-PCR.
Results

This study revealed vertical transmission of Lineage 1a WNV in five groups including two groups of Cx. pipiens collected in winter and spring as well as three others containing Cx. sitiens, Anopheles stephensi and Cs. longiareolata collected in autumn from Bandar Abbas city.
Conclusion

The vertical transmission of WNV by effective vectors indicates the incursion of enzootic transmission in the region. The cross-species WNV transmission and prevalence of infected migratory birds coming from Europe and Siberia demand a comprehensive surveillance of WNV infection in hosts and vectors. However, vector-based surveillance remains the most accurate and feasible indicator to assess the impending risk of WNV in Iran. Given the serological and molecular evidences of WNV presence in humans, equines and birds in 26 provinces, the public health authorities should pay more attention to vector control measures to reduce the risk of WNV epidemics in the southern region of Iran.
Improving Antibacterial Activity of Methicillin By Conjugation To Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Against S. Aureus
Authors: Masoumeh Allami Mehmandousti , Nejad Hamideh Rouhani , Pardis Saeedi , Ali Khavari Nejad  Ramazan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a problem in both healthcare institutions and community settings. This is due to its multi-drug-resistant challenges. Recent advancement in nanotechnology has expanded our ability to design and construct nanomaterials to treat bacterial infections. Carbon nanotubes are one of these nanomaterials. Herein, twenty isolates from hospitals were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar fermentation. Isolates were subjected to bio-typing, the methicillin resistance was characterized using the disk diffusion method and PCR of the mecA gene. Then, the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were functionalized and conjugated to methicillin. The prepared nano-antibiotics were characterized using FTIR and SEM analysis. The characterization of the nano-antibiotics confirmed the successful functionalization of the SWCNTs and the addition of carboxyl groups. Interestingly, the results of the antibacterial activity indicated that the functionalized methicillin-loaded SWCNTs have a significant increase in the antibacterial activity against the S. aureus in comparison to the methicillin-free drug.
Human Breastmilk Feeding in Necrotising Enterocolitis Patients With Surgical Treatment A Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Shan Jing , Yao Sheng , Shen Yang , Li Xiaole , Ding Hao , Zou Wei , Xu Yuanyuan , Jin Danqun , Yang Rongqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background One of the surgical treatments for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is to resect the necrotic bowel and defunction the gut by stoma, which can come with severe complications impacting infant growth. Human breastmilk feeding has been proved to prevent NEC, world-widely. This study is to identify whether human breastmilk could reduce the incidence of stoma related complications in NEC patients after primary surgery.MethodsA retrospective chart review was done on patients who had intestine resection and stoma for NEC in the period from 2015-1-1 to 2021-4-30 at Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital (APCH). Demographics, feeding methods (human milk feeding versus formula milk feeding) and stoma related complications were collected, and the factors, potentially associated with stoma related complications, were analysed. ResultsA total of 58 patients, including 35 males and 23 females, had stoma for NEC. The mean gestational age was 34 weeks (28 to 40). The mean body weight at surgery was 2.83kg (1.03 to 4.80). Before surgery, 38 patients had perforation. Additionally, 46 patients had ileostomy; 12 had colostomy. After primary operation, 40 of them were fed with human breastmilk while 18 of them were fed with formula milk. 26 of 58 patients had stoma related complications, including fluid/electronic imbalance, stoma prolapse, and stoma stenosis. Feeding methods and gestational age were found significantly related to stoma related complications via a binary logistical multivariable analysis.ConclusionsIn this study, the most frequent stoma related complication was fluid/electronic imbalance. Younger gestational age was identified as a risk factor associated with stoma related complications; human breastmilk feeding can benefit patients against these complications.
Estimating the Direct Medical Cost of Syphilis in China
Authors: Gong Hui Zi , Hu Kui Ru , Li Jun , Wan Xia , Zheng He Yi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Few studies investigating the direct medical cost of syphilis was conducted in developing countries, including China.
Methods

The main tasks of our study were to estimate the direct medical costs of syphilis in China at subnational level, and to characterize the distribution of the direct medical cost of syphilis in 31 Chinese provincial districts in relation to GDP. Data on medical expenses for syphilis patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was used to estimate direct medical cost per case, which was then multiplied by the number of newly reported cases of syphilis in China to yield the absolute medical cost for syphilis. Relative costs, defined as the absolute costs in per million of gross domestic product (GDP), was also calculated. Comparisons of direct medical cost represented as absolute cost and relative cost respectively, in different years and different provincial districts were conducted. Gini index was used to characterize the distribution of syphilis cases and direct medical cost of syphilis at provincial level.
Results

Average cost of patients with follow-up more than 36 month was regarded as the most reasonable estimate of direct medical cost per case, and was obtained as US $ 134.43 in primary syphilis, US $ 119.24 in secondary syphilis, US $ 503.76 in tertiary syphilis and US $ 97.59 in latent syphilis. Absolute medical cost of syphilis in China increased from US $ 11.15 million to US $46.89 million from 2004 to 2016. Relative cost in China increased from 2.85 to 5.26 per million of GDP from 2004 to 2010, and decreased from 5.26 to 3.99 per million of GDP from 2010 to 2016. The largest relative cost was always observed in western region. Between 2009 and 2016, a large relative medical cost was observed in 7 to 9 provinces in western region, 3 to 5 provinces in eastern region, 1 to 4 provinces in central region, 1 to 2 provinces in northeastern region. The level of inequality decreased from 2010 to 2016, and kept a continuously moderate equality from 2012 to 2016.
Conclusion

This study provided a rough estimate of the direct medical costs of syphilis in China and its distribution pattern in 31 Chinese provincial districts. The results highlight that syphilis caused a huge economic burden in China, which distributed disproportionally within provinces. Western region bore a huge and increasing economic burden, while the economic burden in eastern region had once been huge, but tending to decline. Thus, more active and effective control are needed, and strategies on the prevention and control of syphilis be managed according to local conditions.
Health-related Quality of Life, Social and Economic Consequences of COVID-19 in Critically Ill Survivors at 6-months Follow-up
Authors: Umbrello Michele , Miori Sara , Sanna Andrea , Lassola Sergio , Baruzzo Elena , Penzo Daniele , Pedrotti Giovanni , Perino Annamaria , Colombo Angelo , Magnoni Sandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionLimited evidence exists on the health-related quality of life and the socio-economic impact of disease in critically-ill, COVID-19 survivors. Aims of this study were to: assess the quality of life of survivors after ICU discharge; identify social and disease-related risk factors for long-term health consequences; recognize changes in relational, work and economic skills.MethodsCritically ill ARDS survivors were followed up 6 months after ICU discharge. Quality of life was assessed using validated tools (SF-36 and EuroQol EQ-5D-5L), and the socio-economic burden of COVID-19 was evaluated with a specifically-translated questionnaire. Independent sample analysis and regression analysis were performed to evaluate the associations between the evaluated factor and the quality of life.Results79 survivors were enrolled (age 63 [57-71], 84% male). 38.4% report worsened social relations after ICU discharge; 15.4% required health support, 42% had a change in their employment status and 18% had an income reduction. The average physical and mental SF-36 summary scores were 43.6 [34.4-50.2] and 52.1 [44.5-57.0]. The average EQ VAS quality of life score was 80 [60-89]. Reduced quality of life was found in patients with more than one comorbidity, decreased PaO2/FiO2 (≤ 150) and increased SAPS II score (>25) on ICU admission, and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) > 4 weeks. The univariate analysis identified hospital LOS, SAPS II, age and two or more comorbidities as factors associated with reduced quality of life.Conclusions﻿COVID-19 survivors have a reduced quality of life, due to an impaired physical and cognitive functioning, while anxiety and depression are less frequent. A significant proportion of patients report worsened social relations, employment changes and income reduction, and require health and financial support. People with previous comorbidities, most severe respiratory failure and prolonged hospital and ICU stay are at higher risk of health-related problems, while the level of education and the premorbid income have no impact in this cohort.
Associations of Zinc-α-2-glycoprotein with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components Among Adult Arabs
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser , Alenad Amal , Alkaltham Lamya , Sabico Shaun , Khattak Malak , Hussain Syed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that the Zinc-α-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) plays significant physiological roles. In this study we investigate whether ZAG could be considered as a clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Saudi population. As such insights urgently required for management of MetS. Thus, we have determined serum levels of ZAG in patients with MetS and normal individuals. We have also assessed the association between ZAG and different components of MetS. Methodology: Clinical information of 200 Saudi male and female subjects (age range 30-65) with MetS (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100) were extracted from the database of the Chair of Biomarkers of Chronic Disease (CBCD) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MetS was screened according to NCEP ATP III criteria (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III). Fasting glucose and lipid profile levels were measured using Konelab. Serum TNF-α, IL- 6, CRP and ZAG levels were measured using commercially available assays.Results: There was age-dependent significant increase in ZAG level among MetS subjects than controls (43.8 ± 19.5 vs 48.1 ± 14.8; p = 0.04). This study demonstrates, a significant inverse association between ZAG and serum HDL-cholesterol (R= -0.20, p<0.05). Whereas, triglycerides (R= 0.25, p<0.01), waist circumference (WHR) (R= 0.17, p<0.05) and CRP (R= 0.24, p<0.01) were all significantly and positively associated with ZAG. Conclusion: High level of circulating ZAG is associated with MetS in age dependent manner. Serum ZAG might be a biomarker for MetS screening.
Measuring The Concentration of Serum Syndecan-1 To Assess Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury During Hemodialysis
Authors: Kusuzawa Keigo , Suzuki Keiko , Okada Hideshi , Suzuki Kodai , Takada Chihiro , Nagaya Soichiro , Yasuda Ryu , Okamoto Haruka , Ishihara Takuma , Tomita Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Yuki , Minamiyama Toru , Nishio Ayane , Fukuda Hirotsugu , Shimada Takuto , Tamaoki Yuto , Yoshida Tomoki , Nakashima Yusuke , Yoshimura Genki , Kamidani Ryo , Miura Tomotaka , Oiwa Hideaki , Yamaji Fuminori , Mizuno Yosuke , Miyake Takahito , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Doi Tomoaki , Suzuki Akio , Yoshida Takahiro , Tetsuka Nobuyuki , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glycocalyx is present on the surface of healthy endothelium, and the concentration of serum syndecan-1 can serve as an injury marker. This study aimed to evaluate the hemodialysis-associated changes in the serum syndecan-1 concentration. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. Between March 2017 and December 2019, 145 patients who underwent hemodialysis at the Gifu University Hospital were enrolled. The median dialysis period and dialysis time were 63 months and 3.7 hours, respectively. The serum syndecan-1 concentration increased from 124.6 ± 107.8 ng/mL before hemodialysis to 229.0 ± 138.1 ng/mL after hemolysis (P < 0.001). Treatment with anticoagulant nafamostat mesylate inhibited hemodialysis-induced increase in the levels of serum syndecan-1 in comparison to unfractionated heparin. Dialysis time and the change in concentration of syndecan-1 were positively correlated, whereas the amount of body fluid removed and changes in the concentration of syndecan-1 were not correlated. The reduction in amount of body fluid removed and dialysis time inhibited the change in of syndecan-1 levels before and after hemodialysis. In conclusion, quantitative assessment of the endothelial glycocalyx injury during hemodialysis can be done by measuring the concentration of serum syndecan-1 which may aid in the selection of appropriate anticoagulants, hemodialysis time, and the amount of body fluid removed.
Sox4 Regulates the Sensitivity of Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells to Cisplatin via the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Mengxin , Huang Siqi , Xu Enshuang , Tong Danning , Jin Shengzi , Guan Tongxu , Liu Yun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The development of cisplatin resistance is one of the major causes of breast cancer treatment failure, and is associated with changes in Sox4 gene expression. In this study, a cisplatin-resistant cell line, CHMpCIS, was constructed from the cell line CHMp, which was isolated from the primary lesion of a malignant canine mammary gland tumor (CMGT). Sox4 expression was evaluated to assess its roles in cisplatin sensitivity, proliferation and apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC) features, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in CMGT cells.Results: CHMpCIS Cells exhibited changes in morphology, slower proliferation, and greater anti-apoptotic ability, EMT and CSC features, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in CHMpCIS cells. In CMGT tissues, Sox4 expression was elevated. In CHMpCIS cells, silencing Sox4 inhibited cisplatin resistance, EMT and CSC features, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Then activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increased Sox4 expression levels.Conclusions: Silencing Sox4 inhibited the above-mentioned cancer cell characteristics in CHMpCIS cells compared with CHMp cells. In addition, activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increased Sox4 expression levels, as part of a positive feedback loop. These findings may provide new targets and therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of CMGT as well as a reference for human mammary gland tumor (HMGT) research.
Fish Recognition Model for Fraud Prevention using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Monteiro Rhayane , Ribeiro Morgana , Viana Calebi , Moreira Mario Wedney de Lima , Araújo Glacio , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fraud, misidentification, and adulteration of food, whether unintentional or purposeful, are a worldwide and growing concern. Aquaculture and fisheries are recognized as one of the sectors most vulnerable to food fraud. Besides, a series of risks related to health and distrust between consumer and popular market that this sector develop an effective solution for fraud control. Species identification is an essential aspect to expose commercial fraud. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most powerful tools for image recognition and classification tasks. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose a model of recognition of fish species based on CNNs. The results obtained show an algorithm with an accuracy of 86%, providing an effective solution to prevent fish fraud.
A Tool-path Planning Method Used in Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing Based on Improved Prim Algorithm
Authors: Xie Yinhui , Yang Jinxing , Huang Weilong , Li Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In view of the disadvantages of existing planning methods used in CCOS techniques, such as low efficiency and workpieces contain obvious mid-frequency error after polishing, a new tool-path planning method based on improved Prim algorithm was proposed, of which the core idea was consist by following steps: surface data reading, mesh generation, distribution of resident points determining and polishing path generating. After that, comparison of raster path and the path based on improved Prim algorithm was carried out by simulated experiments from aspects of path length and polishing texture. The results indicated that the path based on improved Prim algorithm could shorten path length as well as increase polishing efficiency, moreover, both the texture and mid-frequency errors can be improved by using the path presented. It was concluded that the presented planning method could improve polishing efficiency and machining quality. Then, comparison between raster path and the path based on improved Prim algorithm was carried out by simulated experiments, from two sides of path length and polishing texture. The results indicated that the path based on improved Prim algorithm could shorten path length as well as increase polishing efficiency, moreover, both the texture and mid-frequency errors would be improved by using the presented path. Finally, the validity of presented planning method was proved in machining experiments.
Enhanced Production of Pinosylvin Stilbene with Aging of Pinus strobus Callus and Nematicidal Activity of Callus Extracts against Pinewood Nematodes
Authors: Koo Hyo Bin , Hwang Hwan-Su , Han Jung Yeon , Cheong Eun Ju , Kwon Yong-Soo , Choi Yong Eui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pinosylvin stilbenes are phenolic compounds mainly occurring in the Pinaceae family. We previously reported that the accumulation of two pinosylvin stilbene compounds, dihydropinosylvin methyl ether (DPME) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PME), in Pinus strobus trees was highly enhanced by infection with pine wood nematodes (PWNs: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), and these two compounds showed strong nematicidal activity against PWNs. In this work, we established a system of pinosylvin stilbene (DPME and PME) production via the in vitro culture of P. strobus calli, and we examined the nematicidal activity of callus extracts. Calli were induced from the culture of mature zygotic embryos of P. strobus. Optimized growth of calli was obtained in 1/2 Litvay medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. DPME and PME accumulation did not occur in nonaged (one-month-old) calli but increased greatly with prolonged callus culture. The concentrations of DPME and PME in three-month-old dark-brown calli were 6.4 mg/g DW and 0.28 mg/g DW, respectively. A test solution prepared from crude ethanol extracts from aged calli (three months old) containing 120 µg/ml DPME and 5.16 µg/ml PME treated with PWNs resulted in 100% immobilization of the adult PWNs and 66.7% immobilization of the juvenile PWNs within 24 hr. However, nonaged callus extracts did not show any nematicidal activity against juvenile PWNs and showed less than 20% nematicidal activity against adult PWNs. These results indicate that pinosylvin stilbenes can be effectively produced by prolonged culture of P. strobus calli, can be isolated using simple ethanolic extraction, and are applicable as beneficial eco-friendly compounds with nematicidal activity against PWNs.