bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal deformation shown by high-resolution P-wave velocity structures in the Ordos Block and northeastern Qinghai–Xizang Plateau
Authors: Liu Yaning , Wu Jianping , Cai Yan , Liu Jing , Wang Weilai , Wang Wei , Fan Liping 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
The interior of the Ordos block, located northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, is not entirely stable or homogeneous and may have been subjected to tectonic deformation. However, there has been no definite conclusion regarding the extent and mechanism of this deformation. Here, we obtained a high-resolution P-wave velocity (Vp) model for the northeastern Qinghai–Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, Ordos block and surrounding areas using traveltime data involving over 1200 stations from a newly deployed dense temporary array and permanent seismic network. Our results showed that the northern part of Ordos has a relatively high Vp with minimal lateral change. In contrast, the Vp structure in the southern Ordos block varied in the lateral direction, with low-velocity anomalies at a depth of 15 km. The lower crust with Vp from 6.8 to 7.3 km s−1 is thicker in the west and gradually thins towards the east. The northern part of the Ordos block is relatively stable, whereas the southern part has undergone crustal deformation. This deformation may be related to the eastward compressive forces from the Longxi block, which could be associated with the change in the Haiyuan fault from thrust to strike-slip. In the Bayan Har block, a thick low-velocity anomaly exists in the middle and upper crusts, whereas the lower crust is relatively thin. The crust in this area likely experienced crustal shortening and delamination. Beneath the Longxi and Alxa blocks, a low-velocity layer appears in the middle crust, which may be related to ductile shear in the crustal brittle–ductile transition zone caused by plateau expansion. The range of this low-velocity layer indicates that the influence of the plateau expansion exceeded that of the Haiyuan–Tianjingshan fault zone.
Pre–Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) α4β7hi CD4+ T Cells and HIV Risk Among Heterosexual Individuals in Africa
Authors: Omole Tosin E , Nguyen Huong Mai , Marcinow Agata , Oo Myo Minn , Jahan Naima , Ssemaganda Aloysious , Severini Giulia , Thomas Katherine K , Celum Connie , Mugo Nelly , Mujugira Andrew , Kublin James , Corey Lawrence , Sivro Aida , Lingappa Jairam R , Gray Glenda , McKinnon Lyle R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 are optimal targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, with higher pre-HIV α4β7hi expression linked to increased HIV acquisition and progression in South African women. However, similar associations were not observed in men who have sex with men or people who inject drugs in the Americas, indicating need for further research.

Methods
This retrospective case-control study enrolled heterosexual men and women from South Africa (HIV Vaccine Trials Network [HVTN] 503) and East Africa (Partners Preexposure Prophylaxis/Couples’ Observational Study [PP/COS]), quantifying α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells as a predictor of subsequent HIV risk using flow cytometry analyses.

Results
Associations between α4β7hi expression and HIV acquisition varied across cohorts. In HVTN 503, women had a higher risk estimate compared to men, but this was not significant. In PP/COS, α4β7hi expression was generally protective, particularly in Ugandans. Additionally, α4β7hi expression inversely correlated with peak viral load in PP/COS but not in HVTN 503; in the latter cohort, α4β7hi expression was inversely correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio and predicted rapid CD4+ T-cell decline, similar to what was observed previously in South Africa.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that α4β7hi expression on CD4+ T cells may not predict HIV acquisition and progression in all contexts, which may be due to cohort effects, modes of transmission, viral clade, or other factors.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) inoculated wheat plants mediated responses of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to water deficit
Authors: Khoso Abdul Ghaffar , Li Yongqiang , Liu Deguang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may promote growth and stress resilience of plants, particularly under water-deficit conditions. However, interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, wheat plants, and aphids like the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under water-deficit stress are still not well understood. Here, we examined the colonization of the fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) on wheat, and its effects on development and behavior of S. avenae under different water regimes. The symbiosis between C. etunicatum and wheat tended to increase the total developmental times of S. avenae nymphs under water deficit, but decreased adult lifespans. Irrespective of water conditions or wheat cultivars (Xinong-979 and Chang-6794), this symbiosis tended to cause higher adult weights and fecundities of S. avenae. These findings suggested that inoculation of this fungus could induce some life history trait trade-offs for S. avenae. Inoculation of C. etunicatum caused significant increases in contents of total amino acids in Xinong-979, and contents of some individual amino acids (e.g., glutamine) in both cultivars. This aphid preferred settling on symbiotic plants, with alate individuals attracted to well-watered Xinong-979 from 4 and Chang-6794 from 24 h postrelease. Increased phloem feeding and reduced pathway phase time for S. avenae were found in symbiotic plants. The fungus C. etunicatum also significantly enhanced wheat growth, especially under water deficit, and increased contents of nonessential and essential amino acids in Xinong-979. Our results highlight complex interactions among fungus symbiosis, wheat cultivars, and water conditions, emphasizing the potential to boost wheat crop resilience in the context of global climate change.
Estimating optimal temperature conditions for growth, development, and reproduction of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Morales-Ramos Juan A , Macchiano Anthony , Rojas Maria Guadalupe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., is one of the most important industrialized insects worldwide. As a poikilotherm, T. molitor requires a temperature-regulated environment for its farming. Currently, the farming of T. molitor uses temperatures between 29 and 31°C determined to be optimal for maximizing growth. This study was aimed to test and determine optimal temperature for T. molitor impacting all stages including their development, reproduction, and fitness. Pupae of T. molitor were exposed to 8 different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39°C). Developmental rates (=1/d to develop) were calculated at 8 temperatures and fitted in a poikilotherm model to determine the temperature with the highest developmental rate (developmental maximum, To). The developmental maximum was 33°C and the thermal maximum (tm) (lethal temperature) was 39°C. The biological and demographic parameters of T. molitor were compared at 3 favorable temperatures below the To (31, 29, and 27°C) to determine the fitness of T. molitor populations. Fecundity and egg viability were the highest at 27°C (5.25 eggs/female/d and 73.99%, respectively) and the lowest at 31°C (1.55 eggs/female/d and 27.14%, respectively). The shortest larval development time was observed at 27°C and the longest at 31°C (142.81 and 161.97 d, respectively). The highest fitness was observed at 27°C with a population doubling time of 32.78 d compared to 40.58 and 239.4 d at 29 and 31°C, respectively. In conclusion, 27°C is closer to the optimal temperature for T. molitor productivity than 29°C, thus reducing its farming energy needs.
CALR frameshift mutation detection in myeloproliferative neoplasms by microfluidic chip analysis
Authors: Greenwood Michael P , Newton Keith M , Pepper Kristi L , Hendrickson Heather L , Olsen Randall J , Thomas Jessica S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
CALR mutation analysis is routinely used to diagnose BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The 2 most common CALR mutations are a 52–base pair (bp) deletion and a 5-bp insertion, which account for approximately 85% of cases.

Methods
To evaluate our new microfluidic chip assay, we tested CALR mutant and wild-type specimens that were previously analyzed using conventional methods at a reference laboratory. Samples included EDTA-anticoagulated peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens, air dried bone marrow aspirate smears, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections. CALR exon 9 was PCR amplified using 2 previously published primer pairs and a third unique primer pair designed for our new assay. Amplicons were sized using microfluidic chip analysis.

Results
Concordance with the reference method was 100% (42/42). Intra-run and inter-run reproducibility were also 100% (3/3 and 3/3, respectively). The limit of detection was confirmed to be 6% mutant alleles.

Conclusion
We determined that the microfluidic chip assay to detect CALR exon 9 mutations was acceptable for clinical use. Compared with the conventional method, the microfluidic analysis assay benefits from a streamlined workflow, faster turnaround, and a smaller instrument footprint.
Optimization of the preparation of a spiny spore high-concentrated Aspergillus brasiliensis suspension
Authors: Pisa Federica , Gionta Mirella , Biasi Antonio , Pizzuti Maura , Alt Jodi R , Zampaglione Imma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work aimed to improve some steps of the existing guidelines of the European Standards to obtain an Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 spore suspension with &gt;75% spiny spores without mycelia and a concentration of at least 1.5 × 108 CFU ml−1. Several manufacturers’ combinations of “strain/medium” were assessed in terms of yield of spiny spores. Criteria to establish success included (i) the growth over different times of incubation (4, 7, and 10 days); (ii) the performance of two different filtration devices (fritted filters and cell strainers); and (iii) the fungal spores susceptibility after 4 days of incubation versus 7 days of incubation against a peracetic acid-based disinfectant. The best combination was “Microbiologics strain/Oxoid MEA” with 88.33% of spiny spores already after 4 days, and no statistical differences (P &lt; .05) in terms of growth in the three time points were highlighted (from 1.85 × 108 CFU ml−1 to 2.21 × 108 CFU ml−1). Cell strainers gave a spore suspension much more concentrated (3.31 times) compared to fritted filters. Furthermore, the 4-day-old spore suspension showed the same susceptibility to disinfection when compared to a suspension whose culture was incubated for 7 days.
Outcomes and molecular profiles in sarcomatoid carcinoma of unknown primary: the Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Fuentes Harry E , Suleiman Riham , Graham Rondell P , Villasboas Bisneto Jose C , Garcia Joaquin J , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are rare tumors with both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, linked to aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of unknown primary (SCUP) is an exceedingly rare subset with limited literature and no standardized management guidelines. This study aims to characterize the clinical presentations, treatment patterns, and genomic landscape of SCUP.

Patients and Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from the Mayo Clinic Rochester Cancer of Unknown Primary Registry. Patients included had biopsy-proven SC with no identifiable primary tumor despite comprehensive diagnostic evaluations. Baseline characteristics, immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival estimates, and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Fifty-two SCUP patients were identified, with a median age of 60 years. Most patients presented with widely metastatic disease, particularly lytic bone lesions. Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was noted in nearly half of the patients. IHC showed high positivity for AE1/AE3 and OSCAR antibodies. Tumor NGS revealed 247 alterations, with TP53 being the most common mutation. Patients receiving definitive therapy had a median overall survival (OS) of 72 months, significantly longer than those receiving systemic therapy (14 months). Immunotherapy was a significant prognostic factor, reducing the risk of death by 90%.

Conclusions
This study provides essential insights into the clinical and genomic characteristics of SCUP, advocating for the integration of definitive therapy and immunotherapy in treatment protocols. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and improve patient outcomes.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promotes cluster root formation of white lupin under low phosphorus by mediating auxin levels
Authors: Yang Jinyong , Li Shenglan , Zhou Xiangxue , Du Chongxuan , Fang Ju , Li Xing , Zhao Jun , Ding Fan , Wang Yue , Zhang Qian , Wang Zhengrui , Liu Jianping , Dong Gangqiang , Zhang Jianhua , Xu Feiyun , Xu Weifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) produces cluster roots to acquire more phosphorus under phosphorus deficiency. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 contributes to plant growth, but whether and how it promotes cluster root formation in white lupin remain unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of SQR9 in cluster root formation under low phosphorus conditions using a microbial mutant and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in white lupin. SQR9 substantially enhanced cluster root formation under low phosphorus conditions. The ysnE gene encodes an auxin biosynthesis enzyme in SQR9 and was associated with cluster root formation, as ysnE-defective SQR9 did not trigger cluster root formation. SQR9 inoculation induced the expression of PIN-formed2 (LaPIN2, encoding an auxin transporter) and YUCCA4 (LaYUC4, encoding an auxin biosynthesis enzyme) in white lupin roots. VIGS-mediated knockdown of LaPIN2 and LaYUC4 prevented wild-type SQR9-induced cluster root formation in white lupin. Finally, white lupin LaYUC4-derived auxin and SQR9-derived auxin pools were both transported by LaPIN2, promoting cluster root formation under low phosphorus conditions. Taken together, we propose that B. amyloliquefaciens promotes cluster root formation in white lupin under low phosphorus conditions by stimulating auxin biosynthesis and transport. Our results provide insights into the interplay between bacteria and root auxin in crop phosphorus use efficiency.
Copper homeostasis; A rapier between mycobacteria and macrophages
Authors: Hu Di , Yang Zisha , Zhang Jun‐ai , Liu Ganbin , Pi Jiang , Xu Junfa , Wang Yan , Zhao Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCopper is a vital trace element crucial for mediating interactions between Mycobacterium and macrophages. Within these immune cells, copper modulates oxidative stress responses and signaling pathways, enhancing macrophage immune functions and facilitating Mycobacterium clearance. Conversely, copper may promote Mycobacterium escape from macrophages through various mechanisms: inhibiting macrophage activity, diminishing phagocytic and bactericidal capacities, and supporting Mycobacterium survival and proliferation. This paradox has intensified research focus on the regulatory role of copper in immune cell–pathogen interactions. Interactions among metal ions can affect Mycobacterium concentration, distribution, and activity within an organism. In this review, we have elucidated the role of copper in these interactions, focusing on the mechanisms by which this metal influences both the immune defense mechanisms of macrophages and the survival strategies of Mycobacterium. The findings suggest that manipulating copper levels could enhance macrophage bactericidal functions and potentially limit Mycobacterium resistance. Therefore, elucidating the regulatory role of copper is pivotal for advancing our understanding of metal homeostasis in immune cell–pathogen dynamics and TB pathogenesis. Furthermore, we recommend further investigation into the role of copper in TB pathogenesis to advance tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment and gain comprehensive insights into metal homeostasis in infectious disease contexts.
Effect of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Perioperative Pain Management and Opioid Requirement in Abstinent Tobacco Smokers Undergoing Spinal Fusion: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maheshwari Ankita , Gupta Manish , Garg Bhavuk , Singh Akhil Kant , Khanna Puneet 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Smoking negatively impacts postoperative outcomes but acute abstinence from smoking during hospitalization can increase postoperative pain, lower pain thresholds, disrupt pain management, and trigger hyperalgesia due to abrupt nicotine withdrawal in tobacco users. Nicotine replacement therapy has been recommended to minimize these complications. We hypothesized that a high dose (21 mg/24 h) transdermal nicotine (TDN) patch would reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements.

Methods:
One hundred abstinent tobacco smokers undergoing single-level spinal fusion were randomized into placebo (n=50) and nicotine treatment (n=50) groups. Placebo and TDN patches were applied 24 hours before surgery until 48 hours after surgery. Primary outcomes were postoperative pain scores and opioid (morphine) consumption, and serum nicotine levels. The relationship between daily tobacco use and pain and opioid requirements, and between serum nicotine levels and morphine consumption, were assessed.

Results:
Postoperative pain scores at rest and on movement were lower in the nicotine group than in the placebo group at 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative morphine consumption was lower in the nicotine group than in the placebo group (9.92 ± 4.0 vs. 15.9 ± 5.0 mg, respectively; P=0.0002). There was a positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and postoperative pain scores at rest (r = 0.4553; P = 0.0001) and during movement and a negative correlation between serum nicotine concentration and postoperative morphine consumption (r =−0.3664; P = 0.0089)

Conclusions:
TDN patches (21 mg/24 h) reduced postoperative pain and opioid requirements in abstinent tobacco smokes undergoing spinal fusion.
Mechanism of action of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and its regulation in liver injury
Authors: Lu Yifan , Wang Tianyu , Yu Bo , Xia Kang , Guo Jiayu , Liu Yiting , Ma Xiaoxiong , Zhang Long , Zou Jilin , Chen Zhongbao , Zhou Jiangqiao , Qiu Tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. It is a cytoplasmic immune factor that responds to cellular stress signals, and it is usually activated after infection or inflammation, forming an NLRP3 inflammasome to protect the body. Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation is reportedly associated with some inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases. Recently, there have been mounting indications that NLRP3 inflammasomes play an important role in liver injuries caused by a variety of diseases, specifically hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. Herein, we summarize new research pertaining to NLRP3 inflammasomes in hepatic injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. The review addresses the potential mechanisms of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and its regulation in these liver diseases.
Artificial intelligence-enabled discovery of a RIPK3 inhibitor with neuroprotective effects in an acute glaucoma mouse model
Authors: Tu Xing , Zou Zixing , Li Jiahui , Zeng Simiao , Luo Zhengchao , Li Gen , Gao Yuanxu , Zhang Kang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death caused by acute ocular hypertension is an important characteristic of acute glaucoma. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) that mediates necroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for RGC death. However, the current understanding of the targeting agents and mechanisms of RIPK3 in the treatment of glaucoma remains limited. Notably, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have significantly advanced drug discovery. This study aimed to discover RIPK3 inhibitor with AI assistance.

Methods:
An acute ocular hypertension model was used to simulate pathological ocular hypertension in vivo. We employed a series of AI methods, including large language and graph neural network models, to identify the target compounds of RIPK3. Subsequently, these target candidates were validated using molecular simulations (molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity [ADMET] prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations) and biological experiments (Western blotting and fluorescence staining) in vitro and in vivo.

Results:
AI-driven drug screening techniques have the potential to greatly accelerate drug development. A compound called HG9-91-01, identified using AI methods, exerted neuroprotective effects in acute glaucoma. Our research indicates that all five candidates recommended by AI were able to protect the morphological integrity of RGC cells when exposed to hypoxia and glucose deficiency, and HG9-91-01 showed a higher cell survival rate compared to the other candidates. Furthermore, HG9-91-01 was found to protect the retinal structure and reduce the loss of retinal layers in an acute glaucoma model. It was also observed that the neuroprotective effects of HG9-91-01 were highly correlated with the inhibition of PANoptosis (apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis). Finally, we found that HG9-91-01 can regulate key proteins related to PANoptosis, indicating that this compound exerts neuroprotective effects in the retina by inhibiting the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis.

Conclusion:
AI‐enabled drug discovery revealed that HG9-91-01 could serve as a potential treatment for acute glaucoma.