bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mini review on the Lactic Acidosis in goats and its remedial approaches
Authors: Khaskheli Asad Ali , Khaskheli Muhammad Ibrahim , Khaskheli Allah Jurio , Khaskheli Arshad Ali 
Published: March 2021

The current study was performed in order to investigate the threat of lactic acidosis in goats worldwide and explore the curative strategies. In this regards a detailed review was performed, however obtained facts were found to be much interesting and valuable. It was indicated by researchers that lactic acidosis is the most common problem in goats throughout the worlds. It represents significant economic loss due to direct and indirect effects. It was further stated that goats with lactic acidosis show decreased body temperature up to 98.1±0.89 °F, rumen and intestinal movement 0.23±0.48/m, rumen pH 4.8±0.07, blood pH 7.1±0.08, increased respiration rate 56.14±7.15/m and heart rate, 136.28±4.71/m. Affected goats also show signs of dyspnea, anorexia, inactivity, incoordination and recumbancy. The glucose level remains 190.14±36.49 mg/dl, total bilirubin 0.75±0.04 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 0.27±0.03mg/dl, indirect bilirubin 0.40±0.03 mg/dl, alanine aminotransferase ALT 36.42±3.04 U/l and alkaline phosphatase 420±3.65 U/l. Furthermore, Glucose level, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, ALT (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase increase with treatment of Cassia Fistula, serum biochemical changes rapidly return to normal compared to treatment with Sodium bicarbonate or Magnesium hydroxide. The ruminal juices changes are also significantly improved with the treatment. The changes in the ingesta color, odor and consistency and rumen pH return to normal with the use of Cassia Fistula, Sodium bicarbonate and Magnesium hydroxide. In conclusion, Cassia fistula, Sodium bicarbonate and Magnesium hydroxide could be used as valuable strategies against lactic acidosis in goats. These therapies have been proved to be effective for treating the acidosis in goats.
Vision chromatic confocal sensor based on a geometrical phase lens
Authors: Park Hyo Mi , Kwon Uihyeok , Joo Ki-Nam 
Published: March 2021

A vison chromatic confocal sensor used to monitor the location of a
measured point is proposed and experimentally verified. To induce
chromatic aberration of the sensor, a geometrical phase lens is
adopted and is also used as a beam splitter. Near the geometrical
phase lens, a focused beam is used for the chromatic confocal sensor,
and a diverging beam is used for imaging of the specimen. In the
experiment, the performance of the proposed system was verified with
regard to distance sensing and the capability of monitoring the
measured points. The measuring range was approximately 10 mm, and the
repeatability was 0.4 µm when a geometrical phase lens with a 75 mm
focal length was used.
Enhanced Faraday rotation by dielectric metasurfaces with Bayesian shape-optimized scatterers
Authors: Kiel Thomas , Varytis Paris , Beverungen Bettina , Kristensen Philip Trøst , Busch Kurt 
Published: March 2021

In this Letter, we demonstrate how to optimize the magneto–optic response of a Huygens metasurface composed of square arrays of all-dielectric nano-disk scatterers. We compare cylindrical and shape-modified disks. Both provide a strongly enhanced Faraday rotation that is accompanied by almost 100% transmittance. The shape modification obtained via a Bayesian optimization algorithm results in a 50% increase in the magneto–optic response compared to the best cylindrical disk, providing 15° of polarization rotation for a 260 nm thick metasurface.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yufei , Scherer Nathaniel , Felix Lambert , Kuper Hannah 
Published: March 2021

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed health care workers under psychological stress. Previous reviews show a high prevalence of mental disorders among health care workers, but these need updating and inclusion of studies written in Chinese. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide updated prevalence estimates for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefitting from the inclusion of studies published in Chinese.

Methods
Systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar and the Chinese databases SinoMed, WanfangMed, CNKI and CQVIP, for studies conducted between December 2019 and August 2020 on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies published in both English and Chinese were included.

Results
Data on the prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and PTSD was pooled across 65 studies involving 97,333 health care workers across 21 countries. The pooled prevalence of depression was 21.7% (95% CI, 18.3%-25.2%), of anxiety 22.1% (95% CI, 18.2%-26.3%), and of PTSD 21.5% (95% CI, 10.5%-34.9%). Prevalence estimates are also provided for a mild classification of each disorder. Pooled prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety were highest in studies conducted in the Middle-East (34.6%; 28.9%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted across covariates, including sampling method and outcome measure.

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis has identified a high prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and PTSD among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate support is urgently needed. The response would benefit from additional research on which interventions are effective at mitigating these risks.
Factors explaining the dominion status of female sterilization in India over the past two decades (1992-2016): A multilevel study
Authors: Singh Pragya , Singh Kaushalendra Kumar , Singh Pooja 
Published: March 2021

Background
Female sterilization is a permanent method of contraception practiced widely in India. Though, the important evidences of behavior of contraceptives is widespread in the literature, relatively less research has been conducted that explores particularly female sterilization method and how its behavior has remained dominant over the past two decades. The present study aims to examine how the level of women’s socio-demographic and fertility related characteristics intersect to shape the behavior for the dominance of female sterilization.

Methods
This study was based on pooled data from 1992–93, 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16 India’s DHS (NFHS) surveys. The outcome variable of the study was different types of contraceptive methods used. Multinomial logistic model has been applied to examine the relationship between the dependent variable and the explanatory variables. The software STATA version14 has been used for the entire analysis.

Result
The result of this study clearly demonstrates the evidence of continuing sterilization dominance in the India’s family planning program. The choice of different types of contraceptive methods is influenced by the longstanding heterogeneity of population associated with religion and the caste system. Reliance over female sterilization was observed in almost all parts of the country with southern India being the leading zone. Women in the lowest wealth quintile, uneducated, higher parity, and less exposed to media were more likely to use sterilization as a method of birth control.

Conclusion
The study was successful in identifying the factors behind the excessive dependency on female sterilization and also highlights the weakness of family planning program to promote other useful modern methods over the past two decades.
Association of premature menopause with incident pulmonary hypertension: A cohort study
Authors: Honigberg Michael C. , Patel Aniruddh P. , Lahm Tim , Wood Malissa J. , Ho Jennifer E. , Kohli Puja , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSeveral forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) disproportionately affect women. Animal and human studies suggest that estradiol exerts mixed effects on the pulmonary vasculature. Whether premature menopause represents a risk factor for PH is unknown.Methods and findingsIn this cohort study, women in the UK Biobank aged 40–69 years who were postmenopausal and had complete data available on reproductive history were included. Premature menopause, defined as menopause occurring before age 40 years. Postmenopausal women without premature menopause served as the reference group. The primary outcome was incident PH, ascertained by appearance of a qualifying ICD code in the participant’s UK Biobank study record. Of 136,715 postmenopausal women included, 5,201 (3.8%) had premature menopause. Participants were followed up for a median of 11.1 (interquartile range 10.5–11.8) years. The primary outcome occurred in 38 women (0.73%) with premature menopause and 409 (0.31%) without. After adjustment for age, race, ever-smoking, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, C-reactive protein, prevalent type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, heart failure, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, venous thromboembolism, forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in 1 second-to-FVC ratio, use of menopausal hormone therapy, and hysterectomy status, premature menopause was independently associated with PH (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.31–3.23, P<0.001). In analyses of alternate menopausal age thresholds, risk of PH appeared to increase progressively with younger age at menopause (Ptrend<0.001), with 4.8-fold risk in women with menopause before age 30 years (95% CI 1.82–12.74, P = 0.002). Use of menopausal hormone therapy did not modify the association of premature menopause with PH.ConclusionsPremature menopause may represent an independent risk factor for PH in women. Further investigation of the role of sex hormones in PH is needed in animal and human studies to elucidate pathobiology and identify novel therapeutic targets.
Effects of the Pratt pouch model of dispensing nevirapine prophylaxis on HIV exposed infant completion of 6 weeks of prophylaxis in Uganda
Authors: Bitarakwate Edward , Ashburn Kim , Kazooba Patrick , Khamasi Ronald , Natumanya Eliab , Herrera Nicole , Owomugisha Boaz , Malkin Robert A. , Kisaakye Linda 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
The innovative Pratt pouch could optimize dispensing nevirapine prophylaxis to HIV-exposed infants in pre-measured single dose pouches to increase completion of the full 6 week infant nevirapine regimen.

Materials and methods
Nineteen health facilities with highest HIV positivity rates among pregnant women across 9 districts in southwest and central Uganda were assigned to control and intervention groups. HIV-positive women enrolled at intervention facilities received pouches filled with premeasured single doses of nevirapine using Uganda national guidelines, which were integrated into the existing drug distribution system. During antenatal care (ANC) women received 14 pouches to cover time until the 6 day postpartum visit, with an additional 8 pouches if women were delayed in returning to the facility, and 28 pouches after delivery. Women enrolled at control facilities received standard nevirapine syrup following delivery for postnatal infant prophylaxis. In a select number of intervention facilities, during ANC, women received all 42 pouches needed to complete the 6 weeks regimen. Medical record data from enrolled women were extracted; interviews with HIV-positive women during postnatal care visits were conducted. Data were collected January to August 2018 (control sites) and October 2019 to February 2020 (intervention sites). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with facility delivery, postnatal care follow-up visit, and completion of the full 6 weeks infant nevirapine regimen.

Results
Significantly more women in the intervention (n = 320) versus control (n = 340) group had facility delivery (292/316, 92.4% versus 169/340, 49.7%, p<0.0001), postnatal visits within 2 weeks postpartum (295/297, 99.3% versus 133/340, 39.1%, p<0.0001) and reported their infants completing the full 6 weeks infant prophylaxis regimen (299/313, 95.5% versus 210/242, 86.8%, p = 0.0002). Dispensing 42 versus 14 pouches during ANC did not have negative effects on these outcomes. Among out-of-facility deliveries, a higher proportion of infants received nevirapine within 72 hours of birth in the intervention versus control group, 95.8% versus 77.9%. In multivariate models, the intervention group was the only significant factor associated with facility delivery or completion of the full 6 weeks infant prophylaxis.

Conclusions
Use of the Pratt pouch resulted in an increase in HIV-exposed infants completing the full 6weeks prophylaxis regimen and associated benefits including increasing facility delivery and women’s adherence to postnatal care services.
Cerebrospinal fluid NCAM-1 concentration is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity
Authors: Limbrick David D. , Morales Diego M. , Shannon Chevis N. , Wellons John C. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Alvey Jessica S. , Reeder Ron W. , Freimann Volker , Holubkov Richard , Riva-Cambrin Jay K. , Whitehead William E. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Tamber Mandeep , Oakes W. Jerry , Drake James M. , Pollack Ian F. , Naftel Robert P. , Inder Terrie E. , Kestle John R. ,   for the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveEfforts directed at mitigating neurological disability in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are limited by a dearth of quantifiable metrics capable of predicting long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants undergoing neurosurgical treatment for PHH.Study designPreterm infants with PHH were enrolled across the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network. CSF samples were collected at the time of temporizing neurosurgical procedure (n = 98). Amyloid precursor protein (APP), L1CAM, NCAM-1, and total protein (TP) were compared in PHH versus control CSF. Fifty-four of these PHH subjects underwent Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (Bayley-III) testing at 15–30 months corrected age. Controlling for false discovery rate (FDR) and adjusting for post-menstrual age (PMA) and IVH grade, Pearson’s partial correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between CSF proteins and Bayley-III composite cognitive, language, and motor scores.ResultsCSF APP, L1CAM, NCAM-1, and TP were elevated in PHH over control at temporizing surgery. CSF NCAM-1 was associated with Bayley-III motor score (R = -0.422, p = 0.007, FDR Q = 0.089), with modest relationships noted with cognition (R = -0.335, p = 0.030, FDR Q = 0.182) and language (R = -0.314, p = 0.048, FDR Q = 0.194) scores. No relationships were observed between CSF APP, L1CAM, or TP and Bayley-III scores. FOHR at the time of temporization did not correlate with Bayley-III scores, though trends were observed with Bayley-III motor (p = 0.0647 and R = -0.2912) and cognitive scores (p = 0.0506 and R = -0.2966).ConclusionCSF NCAM-1 was associated with neurodevelopment in this multi-institutional PHH cohort. This is the first report relating a specific CSF protein, NCAM-1, to neurodevelopment in PHH. Future work will further investigate a possible role for NCAM-1 as a biomarker of PHH-associated neurological disability.
Pricing influential nodes in online social networks
Authors: Zhu Yuqing , Tang Jing , Tang Xueyan 
Published: March 2021

Influential nodes with rich connections in online social networks (OSNs) are of great values to initiate marketing campaigns. However, the potential influence spread that can be generated by these influential nodes is hidden behind the structures of OSNs, which are often held by OSN providers and unavailable to advertisers for privacy concerns. A social advertising model known as influencer marketing is to have OSN providers offer and price candidate nodes for advertisers to purchase for seeding marketing campaigns. In this setting, a reasonable price profile for the candidate nodes should effectively reflect the expected influence gain they can bring in a marketing campaign.
In this paper, we study the problem of pricing the influential nodes based on their expected influence spread to help advertisers select the initiators of marketing campaigns without the knowledge of OSN structures. We design a function characterizing the divergence between the price and the expected influence of the initiator sets. We formulate the problem to minimize the divergence and derive an optimal price profile. An advanced algorithm is developed to estimate the price profile with accuracy guarantees. Experiments with real OSN datasets show that our pricing algorithm can significantly outperform other baselines.
Sharing opportunities for OLTP workloads in different isolation levels
Authors: Rehrmann Robin , Binnig Carsten , Böhm Alexander , Kim Kihong , Lehner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

OLTP applications are usually executed by a high number of clients in parallel and are typically faced with high throughput demand as well as a constraint latency requirement for individual statements. Interestingly, OLTP workloads are often read-heavy and comprise similar query patterns, which provides a potential to share work of statements belonging to different transactions. Consequently, OLAP techniques for sharing work have started to be applied also to OLTP workloads, lately.
In this paper, we present an approach for merging read statements within interactively submitted multi-statement transactions consisting of reads and writes. We first define a formal framework for merging transactions running under a given isolation level and provide insights into a prototypical implementation of merging within a commercial database system. In our experimental evaluation, we show that, depending on the isolation level, the load in the system and the read-share of the workload, an improvement of the transaction throughput by up to a factor of 2.5X is possible without compromising the transactional semantics.
Dynamics of Late-Career Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan – Individual and Synergistic Application of Various Capital Resources and Fear of Failure
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Shehzad , Yunfei Shao , Hanif Muhammad Imran , Junaid Danish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although prior research on late-career entrepreneurship has explored the effects of financial, human, and social capital on the intentions to engage in entrepreneurial activity within the domains of a developed economy, little research has investigated this scholarship in the context of a push perspective within a developing economy. This study endeavors to meet this gap by investigating the effects of financial, social, and human capital and the personal dispositional traits on the entrepreneurial intentions among early retirees in the ICT sector of Pakistan. Based on the collected data from the web-based questionnaire and personally administered surveys and interviews from 345 respondents who face a survival challenge in the aftermath of a job loss, we make use of hierarchical logistic regression to periodically explore the independent and combined effects of the financial, social and human capital and the impact of a stable dispositional trait of fear of failure on the entrepreneurial intention. Being one of the foremost studies to address the late-career entrepreneurship phenomenon in a developing economy, this study has to offer notable contributions to entrepreneurship literature. Consistent with prior research, we observe support for the individual influence of various elements of financial, social, and human capital and the fear of failure on the intentions to engage in an entrepreneurial career. Results also demonstrate considerable evidence for the interaction effects among financial, human, and social capital as well as among different measures of financial capital, human capital, and the fear of failure. Discussion about the results is furnished followed by limitations and future research implications.
Shallow geophysical and hydrological investigations to identify groundwater contamination in Wadi Bani Malik dam area Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman Faisal , Harbi Hussein M. , Azeem Tahir , Naseem Abbas Ali , Ullah Muhammad Fahad , Rehman Saif ur , Riaz Omar , Rehman Faisal , Abuelnaga Helmy S. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The integration of geophysical techniques with hydrological investigation is frequently used for solving different geological and environmental problems including groundwater quality and exploration and seismic vulnerability assessment. In this research, the shallow geophysical techniques comprising of electrical resistivity profiling, vertical electrical sounding, and ground magnetic were used to identify the contaminated areas lying in the upstream and downstream of Almisk Lake in Jeddah. The chemical analyses of water samples collected from the wells located in the downstream and upstream areas were used to support these results as an increase in the total dissolved solids (TDS) shows a decrease in the resistivity value. The results of geophysical techniques and hydrochemical analyses show that the TDS values are significantly higher in the upstream area of dam than those of the downstream, which suggests that the contaminating source is lying in the upstream of the reservoir. Moreover, the dam was not completely successful to block the contamination because of improper base. The hydrochemical analysis and geophysical results clearly indicate that the groundwater is not suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Teaching South African Sign Language as a second language to university students: an integrated pedagogy
Authors: Stander Marga , Le Roux Annemarie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
South African Sign Language (SASL) has become an increasingly popular language that hearing university students want to learn as a second language. This requires more qualified SASL instructors and new curricula at South African universities. This paper considers ways in which challenges associated with the teaching and learning of SASL can be overcome. Krashen’s Comprehension Input Hypothesis and Swain’s Output Hypothesis form the theoretical framework as reference to our own independent experience, praxis, and reflection. This study considered different teaching methods and pedagogies and found the post-method approach suggested by Kumaravadivelu (2003) a viable method for teaching SASL as a second language. This method aligns with the method we had independently identified as the most empowering for teachers to create their own strategies focused on their intuition, experiences and pedagogy. Therefore, we do not favour one specific method above another, but rather adopt an integrated approach. We make a few suggestions regarding sign language curriculum content and further research in sign language as an L2, which need urgent attention.
Kant on Traveling Blacksmiths and Passive Citizenship
Authors: Moran Kate A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKant makes and elaborates upon a distinction between active citizenship and passive citizenship. Active citizens enjoy the right to vote and rights of political participation generally. Passive citizens do not, though they still enjoy the protection of the law as citizens. Kant’s examples have left commentators puzzling over how these distinctions follow from his stated rationale or justification for active citizenship, namely, that active citizens possess a kind of political and economic self-sufficiency. This essay focuses on one subset passive citizenry – that of traveling blacksmiths, barbers, and day laborers in order to examine Kant’s distinctions. I argue that these examples show that Kant’s concerns regarding dependence are, at least in some cases, pragmatic rather than political.