bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolic and Bleeding Events in COVID-19 Patients receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Durak Koray , Kersten Alexander , Grottke Oliver , Zayat Rashad , Dreher Michael , Autschbach Rüdiger , Marx Gernot , Marx Nikolaus , Spillner Jan , Kalverkamp Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a potential treatment option in critically ill COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) if mechanical ventilation (MV) is insufficient; however, thromboembolic and bleeding events (TEBE) during ECMO treatment still need to be investigated.
Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study including COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO. Additionally, we performed a univariate analysis of 85 pre-ECMO variables to identify factors influencing incidences of thromboembolic events (TEE) and bleeding events (BE), respectively.
Results Seventeen patients were included; the median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 51.5–62), 11 patients were males (65%), median ECMO duration was 16 days (IQR: 10.5–22), and the overall survival was 53%. Twelve patients (71%) developed TEBE. We observed 7 patients (41%) who developed TEE and 10 patients (59%) with BE. Upper respiratory tract (URT) bleeding was the most frequent BE with eight cases (47%). Regarding TEE, pulmonary artery embolism (PAE) had the highest incidence with five cases (29%). The comparison of diverse pre-ECMO variables between patients with and without TEBE detected one statistically significant value. The platelet count was significantly lower in the BE group (n = 10) than in the non-BE group (n = 7) with 209 (IQR: 145–238) versus 452 G/L (IQR: 240–560), with p = 0.007.
Conclusion This study describes the incidences of TEE and BE in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO. The most common adverse event during ECMO support was bleeding, which occurred at a comparable rate to non-COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO.
Endoscopic Management of Enterocutaneous Fistulae
Authors: Mirkin Katelin A. , Pauli Eric M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnterocutaneous fistulae (ECFs), abnormal epithelialized connections between the small bowel and skin, are associated with significant morbidity, and pose a unique challenge to patients and clinicians. Management of ECF requires sepsis control, effluent management, nutritional support, and local wound care. Traditionally, surgical intervention was required for ECF that failed to close with conservative management. With the rise of therapeutic endoscopy, new management strategies have emerged. Fluoroscopy-guided endoscopy is now used to delineate anatomy and determine potential therapy options. Definitive endoscopic management may involve through-the-scope and over-the-scope clips, or endoscopic suturing devices. Adjuncts to definitive management include removing foreign bodies, alleviating distal obstructions, and de-epithelializing fistula tracts. Even if an ECF is not amenable to definitive endoscopic therapy, endoscopy may help temporize and optimize a patient preoperatively. Endoscopy allows for the placement and repositioning of drains, stent placement to allow for diversion or improved wound care, and the placement of enteric feeding access. As endoscopic techniques expand and more tools become available, the ability to manage complex problems, such as ECF, endoscopically will grow.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension: Outcomes in SAVR
Authors: Liu Tom X. , Tanenbaum Mira T. , Seo Claire H. , Park Dan , Lystash John C. , Joseph Mark , Arnold William S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) are independently associated with poor outcomes in cardiac surgery. We evaluated the relationship of several measures of LVDD, PH, and hemodynamic subtypes of PH including precapillary pulmonary hypertension(pcPH) and isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension(ipcPH) and combined pre and post capillary pulmonary hypertension(cpcPH) capillary PH to postoperative outcomes in a cohort of patients who underwent elective isolated-AVR.
Methods We evaluated (n = 206) patients in our local STS database who underwent elective isolated-AVR between 2014 and 2018, with transthoracic echocardiogram (n = 177) or right heart catheterization (n = 183) within 1 year of operation (or both, n = 161). The primary outcome was a composite end point of death, prolonged ventilation, ICU readmission, and hospital stay >14 days.
Results Severe PH was associated with worse outcomes (moderate: OR, 1.1, p = 0.09; severe: OR, 1.28, p = 0.01), but degree of LVDD was not associated with worse outcomes. Across hemodynamic subtypes of PH, odds of composite outcome were similar (p = 0.89), however, patients with cpcPH had more postoperative complications (67 vs. 36%, p = 0.06) and patients with ipcPH had greater all-cause mortality at 1 (8 vs. 1%, p = 0.03) and 3 years (27 vs. 4%, p = 0.008).
Conclusion Severe PH conferred modestly greater risk of adverse events, and both LVDD grade and the combination of severe PH and LVDD were not associated with worse outcomes. However, hemodynamic stratification of PH revealed higher postoperative complications and worse long-term outcomes for those with cpcPH and ipcPH. Preoperative stratification of PH by hemodynamic subtype in valve replacement surgery may improve our risk stratification in this heterogenous condition. Further evaluation of the significance of LVDD and PH in other cardiac operations is warranted.
Review of Approaches to Developing Intersegmental Plane during Segmentectomy
Authors: Chen Xingshi , Zhang Zhengyuan , Xu Ning , Ma Dongchun , Li Hecheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, with the popularity of computed tomography (CT) scanning, early lung cancer has been found in a large number of patients, and segmentectomy has been widely used in clinical practice. The development of intersegmental plane is the most critical step in segmentectomy. At present, there are many methods to identify the intersegmental plane. Also, dissection of the intersegmental plane has been a challenge for thoracic surgeons for decades because of the complicated anatomic variations. This study focuses on the safety and efficacy of relevant methods in both identification and dissection of the intersegmental plane in segmentectomy.
A Permissioned Blockchain Network for Security and Sharing of De-identified Tuberculosis Research Data in Brazil
Authors: Lima Vinícius Costa , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Alves Domingos , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Galliez Rafael Mello , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and is among the top 10 causes of death in the world, and Brazil is part of the top 30 high TB burden countries. Data collection is an essential practice in health studies, and the adoption of electronic data capture (EDC) systems can positively increase the experience of data acquisition and analysis. Also, data-sharing capabilities are crucial to the construction of efficient and effective evidence-based decision-making tools for managerial and operational actions in TB services. Data must be held secure and traceable, as well as available and understandable, for authorized parties.Objectives In this sense, this work aims to propose a blockchain-based approach to build a reusable, decentralized, and de-identified dataset of TB research data, while increasing transparency, accountability, availability, and integrity of raw data collected in EDC systems.Methods After identifying challenges and gaps, a solution was proposed to tackle them, considering its relevance for TB studies. Data security issues are being addressed by a blockchain network and a lightweight and practical governance model. Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) and KoBoToolbox are used as EDC systems in TB research. Mechanisms to de-identify data and aggregate semantics to data are also available.Results A permissioned blockchain network was built using Kaleido platform. An integration engine integrates the EDC systems with the blockchain network, performing de-identification and aggregating meaning to data. A governance model addresses operational and legal issues for the proper use of data. Finally, a management system facilitates the handling of necessary metadata, and additional applications are available to explore the blockchain and export data.Conclusions Research data are an important asset not only for the research where it was generated, but also to underpin studies replication and support further investigations. The proposed solution allows the delivery of de-identified databases built in real time by storing data in transactions of a permissioned network, including semantic annotations, as data are being collected in TB research. The governance model promotes the correct use of the solution.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Bariatric Surgery Complications
Authors: Neto Manoel Galvao , Quadros Luiz Gustavo , Azor Fernanda Oliveira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObesity has become a health problem that generates significant expenses for the health system worldwide. It is associated with chronic diseases—such as high blood pressure and diabetes—and some types of cancers. Bariatric surgery is the gold standard in the treatment of morbid obesity. Several endoscopic procedures have emerged to treat the complications of these surgeries in a less invasive way, reducing morbidity and mortality in these patients. This review aims to present the best trend in the endoscopic treatment of bariatric surgery complications.
A high-throughput microfluidic nanoimmunoassay for detecting anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum or ultralow-volume blood samples
Authors: Swank Zoe , Michielin Grégoire , Yip Hon Ming , Cohen Patrick , Andrey Diego O. , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Kaiser Laurent , Eckerle Isabella , Meyer Benjamin , Maerkl Sebastian J. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, led to an unprecedented global health crisis. As the majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have no or only mild symptoms, many cases aren’t captured by direct testing. However, it is important to establish the true spread of the virus by identifying how many people have been exposed. Detection of anti–SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies in blood samples can help us understand how the pandemic is evolving over time. We developed a sensitive and specific assay that performs 1,024 measurements in parallel. To enable decentralized blood sample collection, the method can detect antibodies in a small drop of blood obtainable by finger pricking, and the blood can be collected and shipped with a simple, low-cost blood glucose test strip.
Total knee arthroplasty in the past three decades: Trends in patient characteristics and implant survivorship
Authors: Nagira Keita , Hagino Hiroshi , Enokida Makoto , Enokida Shinpei , Ishida Koji , Hayashi Ikuta , Nagashima Hideki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the trends in patient characteristics and implant survivorship (IS) for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over the past three decades.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled a total of 635 knees who underwent TKA from 1985 to 2014. They were divided into three groups: group A, 125 knees in 1985–1994; group B, 203 knees in 1995–2004; and group C, 307 knees A in 2005–2014. The patient characteristics and IS were compared.ResultsThe mean age of patients undergoing TKA was getting older: 65.3 ± 9.7, 69.1 ± 10.0, and 74.6 ± 8.4 years, in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p = .001). The proportion of patients &lt;60 years old with RA decreased (p &lt; .001), whereas that of patients ≥ 80 years old with OA increased dramatically, it was 7.0%, 14.5%, and 32.0% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p &lt; .001). The IS free from infection was over 98% in all groups. Alternatively, the IS free from aseptic loosening become better, it was 83.7%, 95.2%, and 98.2% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p = .014).ConclusionsFrom these trends, we can estimate that the number of patients undergoing TKA will further increase in the future in an aging society.
Stationary spacetimes with time-dependent real scalar fields
Authors: Franzin Edgardo , Smolić Ivica 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 1981 Wyman classified the solutions of the Einstein–Klein–Gordon equations with static spherically symmetric spacetime metric and vanishing scalar potential. For one of these classes, the scalar field linearly grows with time. We generalize this symmetry noninheriting solution, perturbatively, to a rotating one and extend the static solution exactly to arbitrary spacetime dimensions. Furthermore, we investigate the existence of nonminimally coupled, time-dependent real scalar fields on top of static black holes, and prove a no-hair theorem for stealth scalar fields on the Schwarzschild background.
Inflationary magnetogenesis in the perturbative regime
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While during inflation a phase of increasing gauge coupling allows for a scale-invariant hyperelectric spectrum, when the coupling decreases a flat hypermagnetic spectrum can be generated for typical wavelengths larger than the effective horizon. After the gauge coupling flattens out the late-time hypermagnetic power spectra outside the horizon in the radiation epoch are determined by the hyperelectric fields at the end of inflation whereas the opposite is true in the case of decreasing coupling. Instead of imposing an abrupt freeze after inflation, we consider a smooth evolution of the mode functions by positing that the gauge couplings and their conformal time derivatives are always continuous together with the background extrinsic curvature. The amplified gauge power spectra are classified according to their transformation properties under the duality symmetry. After clarifying the role of the comoving and of the physical spectra in the formulation of the relevant magnetogenesis constraints, the parameter space of the scenario is scrutinized. It turns out that a slightly blue hyperelectric spectrum during inflation may lead to a quasi-flat hypermagnetic spectrum prior to matter radiation equality and before the relevant wavelengths reenter the effective horizon. In this framework the gauge coupling is always perturbative but the induced large-scale magnetic fields can be of the order of a few hundredths of a nG and over typical length scales between a fraction of the Mpc and 100 Mpc prior to the gravitational collapse of the protogalaxy.
Method for environmental noise estimation via injection tests for ground-based gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Washimi T , Yokozawa T , Tanaka T , Itoh Y , Kume J , Yokoyama J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental noise is one of the critical issues for the observation of gravitational waves, but is difficult to predict in advance. Therefore, to evaluate the adverse impact of environmental noise on the detector sensitivity, understanding the detector response to the environmental noise in actual setup is crucial, for both the observation and future upgrades. In this paper, we introduce and verify a new method of the environmental noise injection test based on the post-observation commissioning of KAGRA. This new method (response function model) includes the frequency conversion and nonlinearity of power, which are the effects that are not considered in the current model (coupling function model) used in LIGO and Virgo. We also confirmed the validity of our method by applying it to an environmental noise-enriched dataset and successfully reproducing them.
Focus on physics competitions—a résumé concerning submissions in 2020 and an encouragement for future submissions
Authors: Fösel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The journal collection ‘Focus on Physics Competitions’ of the European Journal of Physics (EJP) is an ongoing collection within the European Journal Physics (EJP). In the year 2020, five articles have been submitted within this series. This editorial will briefly sum up the content and ideas of those articles. In addition, the concept of this collection is explained in order to ensure the objectives of this collection are clear and evident for future submissions.
Electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged triangle in barycentric coordinates
Authors: Kim U-Rae , Han Wooyong , Jung Dong-Won , Lee Jungil , Yu Chaehyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute the electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged triangle. Barycentric coordinates are employed to express the field point, the parametrization of the surface integral, and the gradient operator. The resultant analytic expression for the electrostatic potential is expressed in terms of the side lengths of the triangle, the altitude of the field point from the plane in which the triangle is placed, and the barycentric coordinates of the field point relative to the triangle. Our results are in good agreement with available numerical results. The asymptotic behavior of the analytic expression is investigated in special limits that satisfy known values. The resultant analytic expressions for the asymptotic regions are useful in improving the numerical convergence at boundaries. As an application, we provide a strategy to compute the electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged polygon. The electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged rectangle is considered as a simple example that agrees with a previous result. Appendices provide a complete set of integral tables that are necessary to evaluate the double integral over the barycentric coordinates, an explicit parametrization of the gradient operator in the barycentric coordinates, and useful coordinate-transformation rules between the barycentric and Cartesian coordinates.
Bouncing in an oscillatory gravitational field
Authors: Martin J L , Strange P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We apply the time-dependent supersymmetry methods of Bagrov, Samsonov and Shekoyan to the Schrödinger equation for a quantum bouncer. A new family of potentials, that correspond to the linear gravitational potential with a small oscillatory component superimposed upon it, is produced. Both the frequency and amplitude of the oscillatory part can be controlled and the corresponding eigenfunctions are found. These solutions are explored and basic observables are calculated. In particular we examine how motion in such a potential can be distinguished from motion in a linear gravitational field. We also point out some pedagogical aspects of this project.
An Integrative 3D printing method for rapid additive manufacturing of a capacitive force sensor
Authors: Liu G D , Wang C H , Jia Z L , Wang K X 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of the three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technique, several electronic devices have been fabricated by 3D printing. Compared with the traditional micro electromechanical system (MEMS) manufacturing processes, the 3D printing technique provides a convenient method to meet the customers’ personalized demands. However, the applications of 3D printing are restricted by the electrically insulating properties of the commonly used polymers. Besides, additional alignment and assembling processes are still indispensable to fabricate the MEMS devices with geometrically complex structures using the conventional 3D printers. In order to solve these problems, an integrative 3D printing approach for rapid manufacturing is presented in this paper. With a triple-extruder 3D printer, the electrically insulating polylactic acid (PLA) filament, the electrically conductive PLA filament, and the soluble high impact polystyrene filament can be printed alternately in the 3D printing process. As an application of the method, a capacitive force sensor with a relatively complex suspended beam-plate structure was fabricated in a one-step 3D printing process without using any additional metallization process, unloading–reloading filament process, alignment process, and assembling process. With a good dynamic performance, the 3D printed force sensor was used to monitor human’s blood pulse. The results show that the integrative 3D printing method has potential to meet the emerging requirement for manufacturing of MEMS devices for personalized applications.
Design, analysis and fabrication of the CPW resonator loaded by DGS and MEMS capacitors
Authors: Han Ke , Liu Yibin , Guo Xubing , Jiang Zhuoxi , Ye Nijun , Wang Peiming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical method of resonant frequency, tuning range, the effective relative dielectric constant, and characteristic impedance is proposed, which is for coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator loaded by defected ground structure (DGS) and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors. The analytical solution is achieved by an employing equivalent method. The resonant frequency, tuning range, and effective relative dielectric constant are obtained by the analytical solution. For verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method, a CPW tunable bandstop filter (BSF) with DGS and MEMS capacitors is designed, simulated, and fabricated, results show good effectiveness of the proposed analysis method. By changing the height of the MEMS beam with the actuation voltage, the designed BSF can switch the center frequency among three states (i.e. 18.5 GHz, 18.2 GHz, 17.5 GHz, respectively), and fractional bandwidth is changed as well (i.e. 37.8%, 45.6%, 49.5%, respectively).
Micromachining of polymers using atmospheric pressure inductively coupled helium plasma localized by a scanning nanopipette probe microscope
Authors: Toda Shun , Nakazawa Kenta , Ogino Akihisa , Shimomura Masaru , Iwata Futoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We developed a local irradiation system for atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using a quartz capillary nozzle (nanopipette) with a sub-micrometer diameter tip aperture for fine processing of material surface. Using this system, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film coated on a glass substrate was etched at the micrometer scale. Fine etching was achieved by the ICP localized by the nanopipette precisely placed near the surface, using the positioning capability of a homemade scanning probe microscope. The locally etched surface of the PMMA film was confirmed by imaging immediately after the etching process by scanning the nanopipette. For quantitative evaluation, the topographical image of the same location of the surface was then acquired using an atomic force microscope. The etching rate of the ICP was 20 times higher than that of the low-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The depth of the etched holes increased with increasing applied power and irradiation time and decreasing irradiation distance. In addition, line groove patterning with sub-micrometer width was successfully achieved. The proposed system is expected to be used in various applications such as processing and repairing of microdevices.