bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seasonality, Steroid and the Lower Ratio of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Associated With Listeriosis in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Nakamura Itaru , Miura Yuri , Watanabe Hidehiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although listeriosis is a foodborne infection with a high mortality rate, studies of listeriosis from Asia are limited. We aimed to compare the characteristics of listeriosis and non-listeriosis (defined as bacteremia without Listeria monocytegenes infection) in Japan.Methods: We conducted a case–control study of adults with listeriosis or with bacteremia without L. monocytegenes infection from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, at Tokyo Medical University Hospital in Japan. We recorded the incidence of admissions and the clinical characteristics, including age and sex; underlying disease; clinical symptoms; onset month; whether listeriosis was community-associated or health care–associated; medicine; blood count; biochemical findings; antibiotics use; admission to the intensive care unit; and outcome.Results: A total of 12 patients were included in the case group and 28 patients were included in the control group. Most cases of listeriosis were present in patients of an advanced age, with underlying disease, and/or on immunosuppressant therapy. Two patients died within 30 days and one developed a brain abscess. Listeriosis onset was associated with the warm season (90.9% vs. 53.8%; P = 0.033), steroid use (54.5% vs. 19.2%; P = 0.042), and a lower ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (9.46 vs. 18.44; P = 0.015).Conclusion: The incidence of listeriosis in this study was similar to that in other Asian countries and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.2%. We observed that listeriosis onset was associated with the warm season, steroid use, and a lower ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes.
HULTIG-C: NLP Corpus and Services in the Cloud
Authors: Pais Sebastião , Cordeiro João , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of language corpora for many purposes has increased significantly. General corpora exist for numerous languages, but research often needs more specialized corpora. The Web's rapid growth has significantly improved access to thousands of online documents, highly specialized texts and comparable texts on the same subject covering several languages in electronic form. However, research has continued to concentrate on corpus annotation instead of corpus creation tools. Consequently, many researchers create their own corpora, independently solve problems, and generate project-specific systems. The corpus construction is used for many NLP applications, including machine translation, information retrieval, and question-answering. This paper presents a new NLP Corpus and Services in the Cloud called HULTIG-C. HULTIG-C is characterized by various languages that include unique annotations such as keywords set, sentences set, named entity recognition set, and multiword set. Moreover, a framework incorporates the main components for license detection, language identification, boilerplate removal and document deduplication to process the HULTIG-C. Furthermore, this paper presents some potential issues related to constructing multilingual corpora from the Web.
Quantum-Chemical Study on the Relative Stability of Sildenafil Tautomers
Authors: Oziminski Wojciech Piotr , Wiśniewski Igor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The tautomeric equilibrium of Sildenafil molecule was theoretically studied using B3LYP and M06-2X Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods in connection with aug-cc-pVDZ correlation consistent basis set. Calculations were performed for gas phase and water solution conditions modelled by Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). Three tautomeric forms are possible. Two keto forms: A – where the tautomeric proton in more distant from carbonyl group, B – where it is closer, and one enol form denoted C. Both DFT methods qualitatively give similar tautomer stability order: B>A>C. The B tautomer is dominant in gas phase and water environment, whereas the C tautomer is too high in energy to be present in the tautomeric mixture. Regarding the A tautomer, it is not present in the gas phase but is present in small amounts in water solution. According to B3LYP/ aug-cc-pVDZ the relative Gibbs free energies for A and C relative to B, are 10.05 kcal/mol and 11.91 kcal/mol for gas phase and 5.49 kcal/mol and 12.49 kcal/mol for water solution. According to M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ the relative Gibbs free energies for A and C are 9.12 kcal/mol and 10.60 kcal/mol for gas phase and 4.27 kcal/mol and 10.23 kcal/mol for water solution. Therefore, for in vivo conditions we expect that the B tautomer is dominant and there may exist small amounts of the A tautomer. The C enol tautomer is not present at all. This picture is very different from the parent tautomeric system: 4-hydroxypyrimidine/4-pyrimidinone where the C enol tautomer is less stable than keto B only by about 1 kcal/mol in the gas phase and the A keto tautomer is the least stable and not present in the tautomeric mixture. In order to understand these differences we performed additional calculations for series of parent molecules starting from 4-hydroxypyrimidine/4-pyrimidinone, going through two in-between model molecules and ending at Sildenafil molecule. We found that the most important reasons of C form destabilization are: dearomatization of the 6-membered ring caused by the fusion with pyrazole ring, lack of strong intramolecular hydrogen bond in C form of Sildenafill and presence of destabilizing steric interaction of oxygen and nitrogen atoms of two 6-memberd rings in this tautomer.
Decline in Iran’s River Flows
Authors: Maghrebi Mohsen , Noori Roohollah , Darougheh Farzaneh , Razmgir Rahman , Farnoush Hossein , Taherpour Hamid , Moghadam Seyed Mohammad Reza Alavai , Araghi Alireza , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study examined changes in Iran’s river flows by applying regression and analysis of variance methods to long-term ground-truth data. Evaluations were performed for the country’s data-rich rivers, covering almost 97% of all rivers and including more than 35 years of measurements. The results showed that about 56% of Iran’s rivers have experienced a negative trend in mean annual flow that is approximately 2.5 times greater than that reported for world’s rivers, leading to a shift from perennial to intermittent for about 20% of rivers in Iran’s sub-basins. This reflects surface freshwater shortages in Iran caused by natural and, more importantly, anthropogenic disturbances. It may even indicate the development of new hydrological regimes which can have significant implications for future surface water storage in Iran. This research improves understanding of changes in Iran’s river flows and provides beneficial information for sustainable water resources management in the country.
Circulating microRNA-122 in HCV Cirrhotic Patients with High Frequency of Genotype 3
Authors: Ullah Amin , Yu Xiaojie , Odenthal Margarete , Meemboor Sonja , Ahmad Bashir , Rehman Irshad ur , Ahmad Jamshaid , Ali Qurban , Nadeem Tariq 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a liver abundant microRNA that is released upon liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the circulating miR-122 profiles in a Pakistani patients´ cohort with HCV chronic liver disease that was mainly based on HCV genotype 3 infections.From 222 patients with chronic HCV liver disease, classified as mild, moderate, or gross, serum samples were collected. Cell-free RNA was isolated and used for miR-122 quantification by qPCR. More than 60% of 222 patients were infected with HCV genotype 3. ALT values and HCV viral load showed no correlation with the HCV genotype. Circulating miR-122 levels were significantly upregulated in patients with cirrhosis. Notably, HCV patients with mild cirrhosis showed the most marked increase in serum miR-122 levels (p=0.0001). Furthermore, we proved a positive correlation (r=0.46) of miR-122 with the ALT values in patients with mild cirrhosis. Importantly, the increased miR-122 profiles of serum samples obtained from patients with mild, moderate, and gross cirrhosis did not depend on the HCV genotype. Importantly, our findings confirm that serum miR-122 levels are significantly upregulated in the HCV cirrhotic patients serving in particular as a biomarker for the non-advanced stages of cirrhosis, independently of the HCV genotype.
Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases
Authors: Moustakas Aristides 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Disease spread is a complex phenomenon requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Covid-19 exhibited a global spatial spread in a very short time frame resulting in a global pandemic. Data of new Covid-19 cases per million were analysed worldwide at the spatial scale of a country and time replicated from the end of December 2019 to late May 2020. Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. Sequentially, hierarchical variance partitioning of the optimal variables was performed in order to quantify the independent contribution of each variable in the total variance of new Covid-19 cases per million. Results indicated that from the variables available new tests per thousand explained the vast majority of the total variance in new cases (51.6%) followed by the governmental stringency index (15.2%). Availability of hospital beds per 100k inhabitants explained 9% extreme poverty explained 8.8%, hand washing facilities 5.3%, the fraction of the population aged 65 or older explained 3.9%, and other disease prevalence (cardiovascular diseases plus diabetes) explained 2.9%. The percentage of smokers within the population explained 2.6% of the total variance, while population density explained 0.6%.
Study of The Diversity of 16S–23S rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Typing of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Various Biotopes in Tunisia
Authors: Badi Souhir , Ammeri Rim , Abbassi Mohamed , Snousssi Mejdi , Cremosini Paola , Luini Mario , Castiglioni Bianca , Hassen Abdennaceur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigated the 16 S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR)-PCR and the phylogenetic PCR analyzes of 150 Escherichia coli isolates as tools to explore their diversity, according to their sampling origins, and their relative dominance in these sampling sources. So, these genetic markers are used to explore phylogenetic and genetic relationships of these 150 E. coli isolates recovered from different environmental sources (water, food, animal, human and vegetables). These isolates are tested for their biochemical pattern and later genotyped through the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer PCR amplification and their polymorphism investigation of PCR-amplified 16S-23S rDNA ITS. The main results of the pattern band profile revealed one to 4 DNA fragments. Distributing 150 E. coli isolates according to their ITS and by using RS-PCR, revealed 4 genotypes and 4 subtypes. The DNA fragment size ranged from 450 to 550 bp. DNA band patterns analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity in interspecies. Thus, the 450 and 550 bp size of the common bands in all E. coli isolates are highly diversified. Genotype I appeared as the most frequent with 77.3% (116 isolates), genotype II with 12% (18 isolates); genotype III with 9.7% (14 isolates), and the IV rarely occurred with 4% (2 isolates). Distributing the E. coli phylogroups showed 84 isolates (56%) of group A, 35 isolates (23.3%) of group B1, 28 isolates (18.7%) of group B2 and only 3 isolates (2%) of group D.
Clinical Characteristics, Serum Uric Acid and Bullosis Diabeticorum Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cai Yulan , Zhang Shili , Cao Ying , Gao Fang , Zou Mengchen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is a spontaneous, non-inflammatory vesicular disease of diabetes, with the observed risk of infection, including diabetic skin ulcers, osteomyelitis and even leading to amputation. However, the exact cause of BD is not well understood. So the aim of this study is to explore the high-risk factors of BD for preventing its occurrence.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and bullosis diabeticorum outcomes of 602 patients with bullosis diabeticorum. Besides, 904 diabetic patients without bullosis diabeticorum in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The indicators of the two groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate which indicator was most associated with bullosis diabeticorum outcomes.Results: SCr[145.00(69.00-195.00) μmol/L, n = 602 vs. 81.00(27.40-35.60) μmol/L, n= 904, p=0.032], BUA [674.00(372.50-758.50) µmol/L, n = 602 vs. 318.50(241.75-415.25) µmol/L, n= 904, p = 0.003] and Cys-C[1.96(1.10-2.95) mg/L, n = 602 vs. 1.49(1.10-1.62) mg/L, n = 904, p=0.004] was significantly higher in BD-positive patients than that in BD-negative patients, whereas eGFR [67.38(45.33-87.53) ml/min, n = 602 vs. 75.86(56.80-95.69) ml/min, n = 904, p=0.038] of patients with BD was significantly lower than that of patients without BD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that BUA, but not SCr, Cys-C and eGFR, was independently and significantly associated in a positive manner with BD (odds ratio: 8.569, 95% confidence interval: 1.136-55.250, p=0.004).Conclusion: We found a positive and independent association of BUA with BD, which provides a great clinical predictive factor for BD and helps to prevent the appearance of diabetic foot.
Predictors of Mortality among TB-HIV Co-Infected Children Attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinics of Selected Public Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gemechu Jifare , Gebremichael Bereket , Tesfaye Tewodros , Seyum Alula , Erkalo Desta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV has a significant impact on public health. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV-positive children worldwide. But there is paucity of studies concerning the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children. This study aimed to determine the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics of public hospitals in Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was used among 284 TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics at selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia, from January 2009 to December 2019. Then, medical records of children who were TB/HIV co-infected and on ART were reviewed using a structured data extraction tool. Data were entered using Epidata 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The Kaplan Meier survival curve along with log rank tests was used to estimate and compare survival time. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children. Adjusted Hazard Ratio with p value < 0.05 and 95 % confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 284 TB/HIV co-infected children were included in the study. Among these, 35 (12.3%) of them died during the study period. The overall mortality rate was 2.78 (95%CI= 1.98-3.99) per 100 child years of observation. The predictors of mortality were anemia (AHR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.39-9.31), fair or poor ART drug adherence (AHR=2.9; 95%CI=1.15-7.43), extra pulmonary TB (AHR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.34-11.45) and TB drug resistance (AHR=5.7; 95%CI: 2.07-15.96). Conclusion: Mortality rate of TB/HIV co-infected children in selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia was documented as 2.78 per child years of observation as a result of this study. Moreover, Anemia, drug resistant tuberculosis, extra pulmonary TB and poor adherence to ART drugs were identified as the predictors of mortality among these children.
Modular-Level Alterations of Single-Subject Gray Matter Networks in Schizophrenia
Authors: Xiang Jie , Ma Yunxiao , Wang Gongshu , Li Dandan , Wang Tong , Wang Bin , Yan TianYi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Schizophrenia is often regarded as a psychiatric disorder caused by disrupted connections in the brain. Evidence suggests that the gray matter of schizophrenia patients is damaged in a modular pattern. Recently, abnormal topological organization was observed in the gray matter networks of patients with schizophrenia. However, the modular-level alteration of gray matter networks in schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, single-subject gray matter networks were constructed for a total of 217 subjects (116 patients with schizophrenia and 101 controls). We analyzed the topological characteristics of the brain network and the strengths of connections between and within modules. Compared with the outcomes in the control group, the global efficiency and participation coefficient values of the single-subject gray matter networks in schizophrenic patients were significantly reduced. The nodal participation coefficient of the regions involving the FPN, DMN and SCN were significantly decreased in subjects with schizophrenia. The intermodule connections between the FPN and VIS and between the DMN and SCN, in the FPN were significantly reduced in the patient group. In the FPN, the intramodule nodal connection strength of the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal gyrus was significantly decreased in schizophrenia patients. Reduced intermodule nodal connection strength between the FPN and VIS was associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. These findings suggest that abnormal intramodule and intermodule connections in the structural brain network may a biomarker of schizophrenia symptoms.
Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Liao Xinyu , Li Fuxing , Wang Fuke , Wang Guoliang , Zheng Yaxing , Zhong Ruiying , He Lu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: We attempt to evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis to investigate its prognostic value.Method: Relevant clinical and laboratory data of 91 healthy controls, 87 non-septic patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and 127 septic patients on admission were collected, and septic patients were divided into survival (n=79) and death groups (n=48) according to their prognoses. NLR levels among different groups were compared and analyzed for associations with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and SOFA score. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of the NLR in patients with sepsis. Result: The NLR level was significantly higher in the septic patients compared to the case controls and healthy individuals (P < 0.05), and was much higher in septic patients who died (P < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that the NLR had the best prognostic value for sepsis, with an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69-0.84). Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested that NLR >8.25 was an independent risk factor for sepsis (odds ratio [OR] 6.39, P = 0.001). Correlation analysis suggested that the NLR was positively correlated with CRP, PCT and SOFA score.Conclusion: Peripheral serum NLR appeares to have a predictive value for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Appropriate Cut Off Value of Risk of Malignancy Index in Preoperative Discrimination Between Malignant and Benign Ovarian Tumors: Prospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dabi bezza Kedida , Disasa Fanta Asefa , Olika Ayantu Kebede 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRisk of malignancy index (RMI) is scoring system which was introduced to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumor. It incorporates CA-125, ultrasound score and menopausal status for prediction of ovarian malignancies in preoperative period. There is no universal screening method to discriminate between benign and malignant adnexal masses yet. So, this study was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of RMI and determine best cut off value for RMI.MethodsProspective cross-sectional study was carried out among women with ovarian mass admitted to Gynecology ward and operated from September 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020.Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26. CA-125 level, menopausal status and ultrasound score were used to calculate RMI. Finally, RMI score was compared to histopathology result used as gold standard.ResultsNinity nine patients were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of benign ovarian tumors were 61.6% (61/99) and that of malignant ovarian tumors were 38.4% (38/99). The mean age for benign tumors was 30±9yrs and the mean age for malignant tumors was 50.6±10.8yrs. Among benign tumors, serous cystadenoma was the most common (36%), followed by dermoid cyst (32.9%), mucinous cyst adenoma (14.8%). The most common malignant ovarian tumor was serous cyst adenocarcinoma (63.2%), followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (23.8%) and dysgerminoma (5.3%). Overall, using RMI score cut off value 220 has good sensitivity (84.2%), specificity (77%), PPV (69.5%), NPV (88.7%) and diagnostic accuracy (79.8%) for discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.ConclusionFrom this study there were high proportion of women with RMI>=220 in malignant ovarian tumors group. The study shows that there is significant role of RMI in prediction of ovarian malignancy thus helping in deciding which patients need referral to a center where gynecologic oncologists are available. It is good practice to use it in developing countries including our country because of its simplicity, safety and applicability in initial evaluations of patients with adnexal mass.
Risk Factors for Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Zhang Hongyuan , Xu Juan , Qu Pengpeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy are standard treatments for early-stage cervical cancer. Pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) is one of the critical factors affecting the postoperative prognosis of patients. Therefore, the identification of preoperative risk factors for PLNM will minimize its occurrence and improve prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PLNM and its recurrence in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.Methods: Medical records of 245 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy as primary treatment for the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA-IIA cervical cancer between January 2010 and December 2015 at our hospital were reviewed. Age, FIGO stage, preoperative hemoglobin level, depth of stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), human papillomavirus(HPV) infection, parametrial infiltration, tumor diameter, number of lymphadenectomies, and pathological type were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed up for 5–10 years.Results: Among the 245 patients, 185 (75.51%) had no PLNM, whereas 60 (24.49%) had PLNM. Preoperative hemoglobin level, FIGO stage, LVSI, parametrial infiltration, and tumor diameter differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative hemoglobin <110 g/L, FIGO stage II, LVSI, parametrial infiltration, and tumor diameter ≥4 cm as significant risk factors for PLNM and recurrence of cervical cancer after surgery (P<0.05). PLNM was identified as the independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with cervical cancer after surgery (P<0.05).Conclusions: PLNM is an important prognostic indicator for the clinical treatment of cervical cancer. Patients at a high risk of recurrence, especially PLNM patients, should be followed up closely after surgery to ensure the timely detection of recurrence and treatment.