bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of The Nephrotic Syndrome In Sweden 2014-2019 Depending On Clinical Presentation And Demographics
Authors: Jönsson Anneli , Hellmark Thomas , Segelmark Mårten , Forsberg Anna , Dreja Karl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Many different pathological processes can affect the integrity of the glomerular capillary wall and cause massive leakage of protein resulting in the Nephrotic Syndrome (NS). The prognosis and response to therapy differs depending on diagnosis, but renal biopsy cannot always be performed promptly. These is insufficient knowledge to which extent clinical parameters can predict the diagnosis. Methods: Age, gender, haematuria, proteinuria, plasma creatinine, plasma albumin and final diagnosis were retrieved for all adult patients with NS as indication for biopsy or massive albuminuria in conjunction with a low plasma albumin from the biopsy module of the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR) between 2014 and 2019. A basic calculator was developed to demonstrate the importance of clinical presentations in relation to the likelihood of having a specific diagnosis.Results: 913 unique patients were included in the study. Overall membranous nephropathy (17%) was the most common diagnoses, but when studying those <50 years old or women minimal change nephropathy (21 and 17 %) was the most frequent diagnosis. When examining those between 50 and 70 years-old, those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 4 and those with negative dipstick tests for hematuria diabetic nephropathy (23, 30 and 21 %) was the most common underlying disease. Among those with high grade hematuria (grade 3-4 on dipsticks) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was most common (14%), closely followed by IgA nephropathy (13%). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.7%) was less common than in many comparable studies. Conclusions: Clinical parameters have a profound impact on the likelihood of different diagnoses in adult patients with NS. Differences in clinical practice, inclusion criteria in studies and probably genetic background are important to account for when comparing data from different parts of the world.
The Medicinal Plant Atractylodes Lancea Recruits Specialized Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria From The Soil
Authors: Hongyang Wang , Jiang Daiquan , Xiang Zengxu , Wang Sheng , Kang Chuanzhi , Zhang Wenjin , Ge Yang , Wang Tielin , Huang Luqi , Liu Dahui , Guo Lanping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Atractylodes lancea is a medicinal plant used to treat rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza. However, the microbiome associated with A. lancea remains unclear. In this study, we assess the role of microorganisms in the roots of A. lancea in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolites, and investigate the microbial composition of the root of A. lancea.Methods: The roots of A. lancea were inoculated with 10% soil suspension at different temperatures. Thereafter, the biological indices, major volatile oils, chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, and the diversity of root endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial communities of A. lancea were assessed.Results: Soil microorganisms could attenuate the damage of high-temperature to A. lancea and significantly promote the growth and accumulation of volatile oil. A. lancea recruited endogenous plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) from soil, including Burkholderia-Caballeronia-paraburkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus and Rhodococcus. These bacteria were positively correlated with four volatile oils. In the rhizosphere, PGPBs such as Novosphingobium are recruited.Conclusions: Soil microorganisms promote the growth and development of A. lancea, improve the plant’s ability to resist high temperature stress, and accelerate secondary metabolite accumulation. Most importantly, A. lancea could recruit and enrich specialized PGPBs from the soil. The PGPBs were significantly and positively correlated with A. lancea secondary metabolite and soil nutrient content, and can be used as ideal biological material in A. lancea cultivation and quality improvement.
Refinement of uterine fragment sampling in experimental studies using small ruminants: from leptospirosis to beyond
Authors: Guadelupe Bruna , Martins Gabriel , Balaro Mário Felipe Alvarez , Pinto Pedro Henrique Nicolau , LILENBAUM WALTER 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ruminant genital leptospirosis is a particular syndrome, in which leptospires remain lodged in the organs of the reproductive tract causing inflammatory changes and/or embryonic/fetal infection resulting in significant reproductive losses. To collect uterine biopsies from small ruminants, surgeries that are costly and time-consuming, causing injury to the animals, are used. In this article, we describe the technique used of videolaparotomy and we dazzle a satisfactory result, with the collected material and the animal welfare. The animals recovered faster and no antibiotics were needed, improving animal welfare. From the technique of collecting the uterine fragment by videolaparoscopy, it was possible to obtain a biological material of high quality, providing also a shorter handling time for animals, less invasive, lower cost and obtaining the same results as a surgery. This is related to ethical principles, particularly with the third of the 3Rs, Refinement, minimizing potential pain and distress and enhance animal welfare.
On Farm Varietal Diversity and Prevalence of Aspergillus Contamination of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) in Major Production Areas of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Dereje , Ruelle Morgan , Chimdessa Meseret , Tewolde-Berhan Sarah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Groundnut is one of the most valuable cash crops and food sources in low lands of Ethiopia. In spite of its food and economic importance, very few studies have been conducted yet on the factors that influence groundnut production including aflatoxigenic fungi in different socio-ecological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed at i) assessing groundnut varietal diversity ii) to determine the existing use values and management practices iii) to isolate and determine the prevalence of Aspergillus species associated with groundnut seed.Methods: Field data were collected using structured and semi-structured interviews from 144 general informants and 24 key-informants. 88 groundnut seed samples were collected from farmers’ fields for Aspergillus species isolation. Diversity of groundnut was analyzed using the Shannon diversity index. Frequency of Aspergillus contamination was determined using plate counting methods.Results: In the study areas, six varieties were grown with varying distribution. Shannon diversity indices ranged from 0.20 to 1.27 in warm sub-humid lowland and warm moist lowland agro-ecological zones, respectively. Of the four varieties observed in East Hararghe, oldhale was the most commonly grown variety (66% of groundnut growers), whereas farmers interviewed in East Wellega zone grow bure variety (87% of growers), due to greater drought tolerance and higher yields relative to other varieties. Results of the fungal species analysis showed infestation of groundnut seeds by A.niger, A. flavus, A. prasaticus and A. ochraceous. Of the four Aspergillus species, A. niger and A. flavus were the most prevalent, with frequency ranging from 17.8 to 37.5% and 14.4 to 32.5%, respectively. However, when we compare infection rates among varieties, we did not find statistically significant differences in the infection rates of different varieties collected from similar agroecology of the study area.Conclusion: Different varieties of groundnut were grown with varying distribution based on the farmers’ preference criteria in different socio-ecological zones of the study areas. Although these varieties vary in terms of morphological features and disease resistance, there is not sufficient evidence to conclude they are differentially resistant to Aspergillus infection. Therefore, further breeding for more varieties using farmer selection criteria in mind and research identify field management measures against Aspergillus will further increase groundnut production and hence income for resource poor farmers
A Critical Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Giant Tears: A Consecutive, Multicenter Study
Authors: Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Erick A. , Kim-Lee Jennifer H. , Esparza-Correa Felipe , Morales-Navarro Jorge G. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Miguel A , Alsaber Ahmad R. , Moreno-Andrade Boris , Montano Margarita , Lima-Gomez Virgilio , Graue-Wiechers Federico 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently there remains controversy in the surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) due to giant retinal tears (GRTs), a potentially blinding condition. To clarify which surgical technique is better depending on the origin and magnitude of the giant tear this study aimed to analyze the anatomical and functional outcomes. To analyze trans- and postoperative surgical complications, we used long-term final postoperative structural, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlated the results with the final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in three different groups of eyes.Methods: Seventy-six consecutive eyes of 66 patients from three participant institutions were recruited and classified according to the degree of GRT-associated RRD extension as follows: group 1, 42 eyes with GRT-associated RRD extension < 180°; group 2, 23 eyes with GRT-associated RRD extension = 180°–270°; and group 3, 11 eyes with GRT-associated RRD extension > 270°. Structural and functional outcomes were compared across groups.Results: Of the 76 eyes analyzed, 63 were phakic, and 13 were pseudophakic. The mean age of the patients was 43.0 ±13.0 years (range, 19–76 years); 36 females, and 40 males. The mean preoperative time for GRT surgery was 1.8 weeks, the mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA was 1.87 logMAR and 0.35 logMAR, respectively (p<0.05), and the mean postoperative follow-up was 28.1 months. Five patients (6.57%) had bilateral GRT-associated RRD, 61 patients (80.26%) had a monocular condition, and 21 eyes (27.63%) had a BCVA ≥20/40. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted in multiple surgeries in 31.57% of the eyes. Postoperative OCT yielded abnormal retinal thickness in all groups, ellipsoid band disruptions, and external limiting line discontinuities in all groups, predominantly in macula-off GRTs requiring multiple surgeries. Conclusions: Multiple structural alterations in spectral-domain OCT biomarkers were observed. Eyes that developed secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) proliferation showed significantly improved BCVA after proliferation, and the internal limiting membrane was removed. This study presents the severe consequences of macular structure and function. The structural findings correlated with the BCVA allow us to conclude severe consequences of the macular structure and that, despite a fully reattached retina without ERM proliferation, GRTs-associated RRD has a guarded functional prognosis.
Late Diagnosis of Breast Cancer and Associated Factors Among Women Attending Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yoseph Mesay , Gebresadik Achamyelesh , Alemayehu Akalewold 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background; Breast cancer is a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa and the second commonest cancer overall. In Ethiopia, most women present at the late-stage presentation. This is because Ethiopian government gives less attention, and is not well-studied as well. Therefore, it is important to assess delays in diagnosis and treating breast cancer that has been associated with a more advanced stage of the disease and a decrease in patient survival rates.Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors for late diagnosis of breast cancer among women attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Methodology: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December to January 2019. Data were collected from 261 consecutively selected clients based on the arrival of their hospital visit by using a pretested structured questionnaire and checklist. Physicians performed physical examinations and diagnoses. Data was checked for completeness and consistency, and entered into epi data, then exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive, Bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS Version 25 Statistical Software.Results: The magnitude of late diagnosis of breast cancer was 86.3%. The woman who had no initial advice for breast biopsy [AOR=5.1, 95% (CI=1.4-18.9)], not sharing the problem to others [AOR=4.7, 95% (CI=1.8-12.2)] and using traditional and faith healers as a first treatment choice [AOR=3.3, 95% (CI=1.2 - 8.8)] were associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer.Conclusions: The majority of women having breast cancer were diagnosed at a late stage. It needs attention to provide better options of the modern health service, and providing accessible initial advice for breast biopsy, and creating awareness about the benefit of sharing problems with family to improve the health of mothers by early diagnosing and managing the breast cancer.
Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to Aldarga Diabetic Center, Wadmedani, Sudan 2020 - A Longitudinal Cross Section Study
Authors: Eltilib Abeer , Eltilib Abeer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in Wad Medani, Gezira state, Sudan, and the duration of diabetes associated with it.Methods: The study was comprehensively based on primary data obtained via a longitudinal cross-section random sample of 400 patients with diabetic mellitus presenting with Aldarga. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire. Core questions were on main dimensions: Sociodemographic variables and duration, type of diabetes. Data were analyzed with SPSS program version 20, using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely, frequency tables and graphs, Fisher Chi-square, exact test of association, and logistic regression.Results: The static profile of the participants indicated that genetic background is an important factor in contracting diabetic mellitus. The calculated prevalence rate was 16.6% (17.1% for males and 16.1% for females) with overall probability limits. The analyses of associations indicated that the number of variables in all three dimensions have significant association with the development of DFU. The logistic regression pinpointed two factors with significant odds to develop DFU, namely, the duration of diabetic last fasting blood glucose value and that the duration of the illness is notable. Conclusion: The result suggests extensive awareness programs to control the negative effect of prolonged duration of diabetic’s are necessary especially crucial aspect of monitoring the blood sugar level under strict medical supervision.
Short-Term Effects of Ambient air Pollution on Pediatric Hospital Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Abdoul Risgou , Ouedraogo Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde , Ouoba Serge , Ozoh Obianju B. , Traoré Abdoul Narcisse , Sourabié Adama , Boncoungou kadiatou , Ouédraogo Georges , Badoum Gisèle , OUEDRAOGO Martial 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The adverse effects of air pollution on respiratory health has been documented in high-income countries, but data are scarce from low-income countries. We reported on air quality in Ouagadougou and its effects on hospital visits for respiratory diseases among children.Methods: It was a retrospective hospital-based ecological study. All children admitted from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020 at two major teaching hospitals in Burkina Faso were included. We conducted a binary logistic regression to determine the health effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on hospital visits for respiratory diseases, with adjustment for covariates (weather, sociodemographic factors and medical history). Results: Hospital visits for respiratory diseases accounted for 14.16% of all visits. Children were males in the majority (54.57%) and aged between 29 days-30 months (74.85%). PM10 was at WHO recommended levels, ranging from 0.06 μg/m³ to 18.33 μg/m³. PM2.5 concentration ranged from 0.41 to 258.82 μg/m³, above the WHO standards. Rise in PM2.5 concentration was associated with slightly more outpatients than inpatients (ORc=0.996 95% CI: 0.993-0.998; p=0.003). The weather confounded this relationship, but the sociodemographic factors and medical history did not. The increase in PM10 was not significantly associated with hospital visits for respiratory diseases (ORc=0.997 95% CI: 0.977-1.018; p=0.802). Adjusting the PM effects for all covariates, higher PM2.5 and relative humidity levels and the female sex were associated with more outpatient cases than inpatients. Underlying conditions (severe acute malnutrition, sickle cell disease and heart disease) favoured more inpatients than outpatients. Conclusion: At harmful levels in Ouagadougou, PM2.5 caused primarily outpatient hospital visits rather than hospitalisations for respiratory diseases.
Neurohumoral Markers of Cardiac Autonomic Denervation After Surgical Ablation of Long- Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Evtushenko Alexey , Evtushenko Vladimir , Gusakova Anna , Suslova Tatiana , Varlamova Yulia , Zavadovskiy Konstantin , Lebedev Denis , Pavlyukova Elena , Mamchur Sergey 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in modulation of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis. Disorders of the ANS components can be a prognostic factor of an unfavorable course of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) surgical ablation of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and neurohumoral transmitter levels as well as correlation between these data with myocardial iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) uptake.Methods. Two groups of patients with acquired valvular heart disease were compared: patients with surgical AF ablation and patients with sinus rhythm.Results. The decrease of norepinephrine (NE) level in coronary sinus has a direct association with the heart-to-mediastinum ratio (p=0.02) and negative correlation with 123I-MIBG uptake defect (p=0.01). NE level decreased significantly after the main stage of surgery, both in patients with AF (p=0.0098) and sinus rhythm (p=0.0039). Furthermore, the significance (p=0.001) of the aortic root and coronary sinus gradient of NE level 0.405 pg/mL was determined as a cut-off value for efficacy evaluation of the RF denervation.Conclusion. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the technique to predict the efficacy of the ‘Maze-IV’ procedure, which will allow assessing the risk of AF recurrence after ablation.
Incorporation of Engineered Nanoparticles of Biochar and Fly Ash Against Bacterial Leaf Spot of Pepper
Authors: Ali Muhammad Danish , Aftab Zill-e-Huma , Akhter Adnan , Majid Farzana , Siddiqui Iffat , Aftab Arusa , Aslam Waqar , Aftab Muzammil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In agriculture, the search for higher net profit is the main challenge in the economy of the producers and nano biochar attracts increasing interest in recent years due to its unique environmental behaviour and increasing the productivity of plants by inducing resistance against phyto-pathogens. The effect of rice straw biochar and fly ash nanoparticles (RSBNPs and FNPs, respectively) in combination with compost soil on bacterial leaf spot of pepper caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The application of nanoparticles as soil amendment significantly improved the chili pepper plant growth. However, RSBNPs were more effective in enhancing the above and belowground plant biomass production. Moreover, both RSBNPs and FNPs, significantly reduced (30.5 and 22.5 %, respectively), while RSBNPs had shown in vitro growth inhibition of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria by more than 50%. The X-ray diffractometry of RSBNPs and FNPs highlighted the unique composition of nano forms which possibly contributed in enhancing the plant defence against invading X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. On the basis of our findings, it is suggested that biochar and fly ash nanoparticles can be used for reclaiming the problem soil and enhance the crop productivity depending upon the nature of soil and the pathosystem under investigation.
Predictive Value of Lymphocyte to Monocyte Count Ratio on Complete Occlusion of Infarct-Related Arteries in Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhao Shenghui , Chen Yunfan , Chu Yingjie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Lymphocytes and monocytes are important inflammatory cells in the body, which are involved in the whole process of the formation, progression and rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of Lymphocytes to monocytes count rate (LMR) for complete occlusion of infarct-related vessels in NSTEMI patients.
Methods
General information and laboratory examination data of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from November 2020 to July 2021 were analysed.
Results
We evaluated 103 patients, of which 86 were males and 17 were females. There were 55 cases in complete occlusion group (CO) and 48 cases in incomplete occlusion group (IO). The shock index of CO group was significantly higher than that of IO group (0.6658 ± 0.15199 vs 0.6055 ± 0.12647, t = 2.17, P = 0.032). The APTT and LMR in CO group were significantly lower than those in IO group (28.744 ± 2.912 VS 31.072 ± 6.199, t = 2.383, p = 0.020; 3.475 ± 1.211 VS 4.634 ± 1.588, t = 4.12, p < 0.001, respectively). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LMR and APTT were independent risk factors for incomplete occlusion of infarct-related vessels in NSTEMI patients (LMR OR = 1.833, 95%CI: 1.318–2.550,P < 001; APTT OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.018–1.309,p = 0.025 ). ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of LMR for incomplete occlusion of infarct-related vessels in NSTEMI patients (AUC = 0.708, 95%CI: 0.608–0.807, P < 0.001), the positive predictive value was 79.3%, the negative predictive value was 66.2%, and the accuracy was 70.0%.
Conclusions
LMR has certain value in predicting whether the infarct-related vessels in NSTEMI patients are completely occluded. High LMR is an independent predictor of incomplete occlusion of infarct related vessels in NSTEMI patients. Therefore, LMR may be used in the emergency department for preoperative risk stratification of NSTEMI patients in the future.