bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alerta temprana: innovación educativa para disminuir el riesgo de abandono escolar en el Colegio Nocturno de Pococí
Authors: Jiménez-Castro Maynor , Umaña Calderón Marjorie 
Published: July 2021

In this article, an educational innovation for the reduction of school dropout is described through a strategy called Early Warning, which consists of registering a series of aspects that the students show when they are at risk of dropping out from the educational system. The strategy is part of the Yo me apunto program implemented by the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education, but has been adapted by the Pococí Adult Night High School (CNP) in order to use mobile technologies and the Google forms tool to make reports mainly of absenteeism by the teachers, while the group of school counselors follow each case up. This mechanism has allowed to identify the main risk factors that students present before leaving school, which makes it possible to provide prompt and timely attention to the cases and proper decision-making by institutional authorities. This article describes the experience obtained in the CNP, where the exclusion rates are very high, and the results of applying this strategy show a significant improvement in the monitoring and prevention of the risks of high school dropouts.
Reducing Unnecessary Imaging in Children With Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney or Solitary Kidney
Authors: Jawa Natasha A. , Rosenblum Norman D. , Radhakrishnan Seetha , Pearl Rachel J. , Levin Leo , Matsuda-Abedini Mina 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children with isolated unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) or congenital solitary kidney (CSK) undergo serial renal ultrasonography with variable frequency until they are transitioned to adult care. A growing body of literature suggests the value of frequent ultrasonography in this population is limited, providing no benefit to overall outcomes. Despite emerging evidence, ultrasound remains overused, resulting in avoidable health care expenditures and unnecessary use of resources. With our initiative, we aimed to improve quality of care by reducing avoidable ultrasounds in these children.

METHODS
This was a single-center, prospective, interrupted time series of children &lt;18 years with ultrasound-confirmed isolated unilateral MCDK or CSK in the outpatient nephrology clinic to evaluate the effect of a decision-making algorithm on the proportion of children receiving an avoidable ultrasound. An algorithm depicting a consensus, evidence-based protocol for managing pediatric MCDK or CSK was refined through content expert feedback and usability testing to standardize frequency of ultrasonography. Ultrasounds were deemed necessary after birth, at 6 months, and at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years. Differences pre- and postintervention were determined by using a U chart and t and F tests for significance.

RESULTS
The algorithm resulted in a 47% reduction (P &lt; .001) in the proportion of avoidable ultrasounds ordered in children with MCDK and CSK. This reduction was sustainable over a 6-month period and would result in at least $46 000 annual savings.

CONCLUSIONS
Introduction of a clinical decision-making algorithm was associated with a reduction in avoidable ultrasound testing. Improving adherence across providers may allow for an even more pronounced reduction.
Early Use of Bronchodilators and Outcomes in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Shanahan Kristen H. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Nagler Joshua , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThere are no effective interventions to prevent hospital admissions in infants with bronchiolitis. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against routine bronchodilator use for bronchiolitis. The objective of this study was to characterize trends in and outcomes associated with the use of bronchodilators for bronchiolitis.METHODSThis is a multicenter retrospective study of infants &lt;12 months of age with bronchiolitis from 49 children’s hospitals from 2010 to 2018. The primary outcomes were rates of hospital admissions, ICU admissions, emergency department (ED) return visits after initial ED discharge, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the rates of outcomes among hospitals with high and low early use of bronchodilators (on day of presentation).RESULTSA total of 446 696 ED visits of infants with bronchiolitis were included. Bronchodilator use, hospital admissions, and ED return visits decreased between 2010 and 2018 (all P &lt; .001). ICU admissions and invasive and noninvasive ventilation increased over the study period (all P &lt; .001). Hospital-level early bronchodilator use (hospitals with high versus low use) was not associated with differences in patient-level hospital admissions, ICU admissions, ED return visits, noninvasive ventilation, or invasive ventilation (all P &gt; .05).CONCLUSIONSIn a large study of infants at children’s hospitals, bronchodilator therapy decreased significantly from 2010 to 2018. Hospital-level early bronchodilator use was not associated with a reduction in any outcomes. This study supports the current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to limit routine use of bronchodilators in infants with bronchiolitis.
Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation, determination, bioassay and isolation of enantiomers of Ketorolac: A review
Authors: Bhushan Ravi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ketorolac (Ket) is a potent non-narcotic analgesic drug (among the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The physiological activity of Ket resides with (S)-(−)-Ket while the drug is marketed and administered as a racemic mixture. Therefore, it is desirable that the pharmacokinetics is measured and quantified for enantiomers individually and not as a total drug. The present paper is focused on relevant literature on LC enantioseparation of (RS)-Ket along with bioassay, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies within the discipline of analytical chemistry. HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods using both direct and indirect approaches are discussed. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, a brief discussion on resolution by crystallization and enzymatic methods is included. The most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of diastereomeric derivatives using LC-MS, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. A brief discussion has also been provided on the recovery of native enantiomers by TLC.
Development and validation of a nine-item short screening test for ICD-11 gaming disorder (GAMES test) and estimation of the prevalence in the general young population
Authors: Higuchi Susumu , Osaki Yoneatsu , Kinjo Aya , Mihara Satoko , Maezono Masaki , Kitayuguchi Takashi , Matsuzaki Takanobu , Nakayama Hideki , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Saunders John B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsA definition of gaming disorder (GD) was introduced in ICD-11. The purpose of this study was to develop a short screening test for GD, utilizing a reference GD group. It also sought to estimate the prevalence of GD among individuals, representative of the general young population in Japan.MethodsTwo hundred eighty one men and women selected from the general population, aged between 10 and 29 years, and 44 treatment seekers at our center completed a self-reported questionnaire comprising candidate questions for the screening test. The reference group with ICD-11 GD was established, based on face-to-face interviews with behavioral addiction experts, using a diagnostic interview instrument. The questions in the screening test were selected to best differentiate those who had GD from those who did not, and the cutoff value was determined using the Youden index.ResultsA nine-item screening test (GAMES test) was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 98% and the positive predictive value in the study sample was 91%. The GAMES test comprised two factors, showed high internal consistency and was highly reproducible. The estimated prevalence of GD among the general young population was 7.6% (95% confidence interval; 6.6–8.7%) for males and 2.5% (1.9–3.2%) for females, with a combined prevalence of 5.1% (4.5–5.8%).Discussion and ConclusionThe GAMES test shows high validity and reliability for screening of ICD-11 GD. The estimated prevalence of 5.1% among the general young population was comparable to the pooled estimates of young people globally.
Functionalizable coaxial PLLA/PDLA nanofibers with stereocomplexes at the internal interface
Authors: Neffe Axel T. , Zhang Quanchao , Hommes-Schattmann Paul J. , Wang Weiwei , Xu Xun , Ahmad Bilal S. , Williams Gareth R. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultifunctionality of electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nonwovens was generated by the morphological design of nanofibers. Coaxial fibers with a lower number average molar mass MnPLLA core and a higher MnPDLA shell form PDLA–PLLA stereocrystals at the interface, induced by annealing. In tensile tests under physiological conditions, the core–shell fibers with higher crystallinity (22% compared to 11–14%) had lower Young’s moduliE(9 ± 1 MPa) and lower elongation at break εb(26 ± 3%) than PDLA alone (E = 31 ± 9 MPa, εb = 80 ± 5%), which can be attributed to simultaneous crystallization and relaxation effects. Gelatin incorporated in the PDLA phase was presented on the outer surface providing a biointerface putatively favorable for cell adherence. Gelatin incorporation did not influence the crystallization behavior but slightly loweredTg(60 → 54 °C). Employing exclusively polymers established in the clinic, multifunctionality was generated by design.Graphic abstract
Correlating rheology and printing performance of fiber-reinforced bioinks to assess predictive modelling for biofabrication
Authors: Sonnleitner David , Schrüfer Stefan , Berglund Linn , Schubert Dirk W. , Lang Gregor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A crucial property for the evaluation of bioinks, besides biocompatibility, is printability, which is determined by resolution and shape fidelity. Recently, fiber reinforcement was used to overcome rheological limitations and introduce biomimetic structuring. This study provides a systematic approach to evaluate the printability of fiber reinforced hydrogels. Alginate and Pluronic hydrogels were blended with cellulose nanofibers (CeNF) and polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers. SEM imaging revealed fiber-induced structural changes. Oscillatory rheological experiments showed that the addition of fiber fragments significantly altered the complex viscosity. A customized setup was utilized to determine strut spreading behavior in a real extrusion printing process. Strikingly, the data displayed excellent correlation with viscoelastic model-based predictions. CeNF increased the shape fidelity of both hydrogels, while PCL microfibers increased the viscosity but resulted in a time dependent loss of structural integrity in Pluronic. The results emphasize the need to complement shear-rheological analysis of bioinks by print-related customized analytical tools.

Graphic abstract
Association Between 25(ОН)D Concentration and Atopic Dermatitis and Its Severity Children Aged from 3 to 6 Years: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kashinskaya Tatiana S. , Shakhova Natalia V. 
Published: July 2021

Background. The association between the vitamin D provision for children and the atopic dermatitis (AD) development and severity is not clearly determined.Objective. The aim of the study was to compare 25(OH)D serum concentration in children with AD and in healthy peers with association analysis of 25(OH)D with disease severity and allergen sensibilization.Methods. The study included children aged from 3 to 6 years with AD and their healthy peers. Vitamin D provision was estimated via 25(OH)D serum concentration determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was established at 25(OH)D concentration 20 ng/ml, insufficiency — 21–29 ng/ml. Sensibilization to airborne (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium and dandruff) and food (cow's milk and chicken egg proteins) allergens was determined by IgE concentration revealed via immunofluorescence.Results. The 25(OH)D serum concentration in children with AD (n = 106) was lower than in their healthy peers (n = 40), median (interquartile range) — 26.5 ng/ml (19.0–35.3) and 32.4 ng/ml (27.9–37.5) respectively (p = 0.012). Meanwhile, vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency according to 25(OH)D concentration was revealed in more than half patients (58%) with AD and in every third child (37%) from control group (OR — 3.5, 95% CI — 1.6–7.5). It was also revealed that 25(OH)D concentration was lower in patients with moderate course of AD (in comparison to mild) as well as in children sensibilized to airborne and/or food allergens.Conclusion. The vitamin D provision in preschool children is associated with AD, its severity and the presence of sensibilization to airborne and/or food allergens.
Health economic evaluation of risdiplam in patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Kolbin А. S. , Kurylev А. А. , Balykina Yu. Е. , Proskurin М. А. , Mishinova S. А. 
Published: July 2021

Background. Spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) are clinically and genetically heterogenous inherited orphan diseases leading to progressive spinal motoneurons degeneration and loss of function. Risdiplam and nusinersen are both authorized in Russia for pathogenic SMA treatment and included in the list of vital and essential drugs.Objective: health economic evaluation of risdiplam (Evrysdi®) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy.Material and methods. The health economic analysis was done in accordance with local Russian regulation. Cost-minimization analysis was used. We accounted for direct medical costs of pathogenic treatment of SMA, adverse events correction, and supportive care. Decision tree analysis was used. In budget impact analysis the rise of risdiplam share from 0% to 8.5% during 3 years was modelled. Time horizon was 3 years. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was done.Results. Total direct medical costs for risdiplam (53,372,153 rubles for one patient in 3 years) were by 21.1% (14,968,427.82 rubles) lower comparing to nusinersen. The most pronounced difference in favor of risdiplam (41,9%) was during first treatment year. The rise of risdiplam share from 0% to 8.5% during 3 years is associated with lower budget costs by 13.9% in 3 years.Conclusion. Risdiplam is economically more effective comparing to nusinersen, because having equal effectiveness, it’s use is associated with lower direct medical costs.
Reconstruction of a Reference Subsoil Model for the Seismic Microzonation of Gori (Georgia): A Procedure Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Giallini Silvia , Paolucci Enrico , Sirianni Pietro , Albarello Dario , Gaudiosi Iolanda , Polpetta Federica , Simionato Maurizio , Stigliano Francesco , Tsereteli Nino , Gogoladze Zurab , Moscatelli Massimiliano 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the full exploitation of geological and economically viable geophysical surveys for the seismic characterization of the shallow subsoil in the frame of microzonation studies in urban areas where economic resources for detailed seismic response analyses are scarce. In these conditions, the outcomes of inexpensive geophysical surveys (e.g., based on ambient vibration monitoring or surface-wave prospecting) must be fully exploited. To reduce the uncertainties related to these kinds of procedures, their joint interpretation in the light of geological evidence is mandatory. To this purpose, we propose the application of principal component analysis to combine the results of distributed single-station ambient vibration measurements (horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio [HVSR] technique) to provide a preliminary zonation of the study area. The zones identified in this way are then characterized by considering the available geognostic boreholes, VS profiles deduced by the joint inversion of HVSR curves, and available Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves deduced from active seismic prospecting (multichannel analysis of surface-waves technique). The final outcome allows the definition of a preliminary seismic model of the study area, which is also constrained by the available geological data deduced from on-purpose surveys. The proposed approach has been applied to the city of Gori (Georgia). The proposed approach allowed a reliable assessment of buried geometries, geological domains, and the distribution of lithofacies, which can control the local seismic response. In detail, the major role of paleovalley infills and interfluve domains has been enlightened by adding in evidence concerning the peculiar stratigraphic relationships and buried morphologies, which may determine 1D and 2D resonance effects.
Laboratory Evidence of Transient Pressure Surge in a Fluid-Filled Fracture as a Potential Driver of Remote Dynamic Earthquake Triggering
Authors: Jin Yuesu , Dyaur Nikolay , Zheng Yingcai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Seismic waves carrying tiny perturbing stresses can trigger earthquakes in geothermal and volcanic regions. The underlying cause of this dynamic triggering is still not well understood. One leading hypothesis is that a sudden increase in the fluid-pore pressure in the fault zone is involved, but the exact physical mechanism is unclear. Here, we report experimental evidence in which a fluid-filled fracture was shown to be able to amplify the pressure of an incoming seismic wave. We built miniature pressure sensors and directly placed them inside a thin fluid-filled fracture to measure the fluid pressure during wave propagation. By varying the fracture aperture from 0.2 to 9.2 mm and sweeping the frequency from 12 to 70 Hz, we observed in the lab that the fluid pressure in the fracture could be amplified up to 25.2 times compared with the incident-wave amplitude. Because an increase of the fluid pressure in a fault can reduce the effective normal stress to allow the fault to slide, our observed transient pressure surge phenomenon may provide the mechanism for earthquake dynamic triggering.
A study of the anatomical variations in branching pattern of middle cerebral artery
Authors: Mohan K 
Published: July 2021

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the largest and most complex arterial system of the brain. Variations of the aortic arch branches are due to alteration in the development of specific branchial arch arteries during the embryonic period. Knowledge of these variations is important during aortic instrumentation, thoracic, and neck surgeries. The anatomy of the anterior cerebral artery branches and the anterior communicating artery complex needs to be investigated individually to minimise neurovascular morbidity before iatrogenic procedures. The study aimed to study the variations in the microsurgical anatomy of the MCA in our population and compare the variables and discuss their importance with anatomic and surgical considerations. Specimens were collected from the embalmed cadavers and the post-mortem bodies in the department of forensic medicine of Thanjavur Medical College. The different variables regarding the MCA in our population were analysed and compared with the studies in the Western population and other Indian studies. The mean length of the MCA in this study was 12.8 mm with a standard error of 3.79 mm. The outer diameter of the M1 segment was with a mean length of 3.75mm. In 69.2% middle, Cerebral Artery shows bifurcation and in 20%, it shows trifurcation and in 10.8%, it shows ramification types of branching patterns. The 39.1% cases show Temporo polar, 21.7% orbitofrontal, 9.1% anterior temporal, 6.6% prefrontal, and 4.1% middle temporal branches. Our results also reveal that the origin of the lenticulostriate branch in the middle cerebral artery was 85.85% from the trunk and 14.2% from division, respectively. MCA branching pattern is slightly higher in trifurcation pattern as compared to bifurcation and ramification. Thorough knowledge of the microvascular anatomy and the myriads of variations is essential for the operating surgeon to choose the ideal technique to avoid any catastrophe during and after surgery and give the best possible functional outcome.
Evaluation of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index in Children 1 To 16 Years
Authors: Nozari Mirarkolaei Elham , Gholami Mahdi , Rostami Elham , Aliakbarniya Azita , Hotelchi Massoumeh , Mohamadi Parisa 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Body weight gain in children and teenagers is one of the major challenges that cause undesirable health outcomes. Simultaneously with the prevalence of overweight and obesity, children and adolescents are diagnosed with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in different sides of the world. The present study aimed to assess 25(OH)D status among Iranian volunteers aged 1-16 years and find the correlation between 25(OH)D status and body mass index (BMI) subjects.
Material and Methods: The total volunteers included 807 Iranian children aged 1 to 16 referred to the general and endocrinology clinics in Babol city, Mazandaran Province. A trained physician determined anthropometric characteristics. Serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), creatinine (Cr), urea, thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 25(OH)D were assessed in all children.
Results: 25.27% of the children were 25(OH)D deficient, and 59.1% were insufficient. There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D level between girls and boys (P=0.13). A significant negative correlation was found in serum 25(OH)D level with weight (P=0.000, r=-0.12), BMI (P=0.000, r=-0.13), and age (P=0.000, r=-0.13).
Conclusion: These data displayed that 25(OH)D insufficiency is highly prevalent among children in the north of Iran. Serum 25(OH)D levels are affected by age and BMI value. Improving vitamin D deficiency helps to maintain the health of children and adolescents during this critical period.
Evaluation of Zinc Supplement on Biochemical Parameters among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Zolfaghari Bahareh , Mohamadi Parisa , Morsali Solmaz , Aliakbarniya Azita , Nasiri Zohreh , Hotelchi Massoumeh 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in humans, and its deficiency is reported in many disorders, including tuberculosis (TB). The current study's goal is to evaluate the anti-TB effect of Zn supplementation among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Material and Methods: In this study, 74 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients referred to Qom Health Center were distributed into two groups of receiving 50 mg of zinc sulfate and placebo. All patients in both groups received the same antituberculosis antibiotics. Before starting treatment and after two and six months of treatment with antituberculosis drugs, the serum levels of zinc and biochemical parameters were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a RA1000 Auto Analyzer, respectively.
Results: After two months of treatment, the serum Zn concentration in the Zn receiving group was higher than the placebo group. After anti-TB treatment, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin were significantly higher than pretreatment in both groups. The serum alkaline phosphatase changes, uric acid, creatinine, and urea were not significantly different in both groups at different times.
Conclusion: The supplementation of Zn micronutrient results in improved BMI, serum Zn, and other biochemical parameters compared to before treatment.