bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabarcoding options to study eukaryotic endoparasites of birds
Authors: Bourret Vincent , Gutiérrez López Rafael , Melo Martim , Loiseau Claire 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is growing interest in the study of avian endoparasite communities, and metabarcoding is a promising approach to complement more conventional or targeted methods. In the case of eukaryotic endoparasites, phylogenetic diversity is extreme, with parasites from 4 kingdoms and 11 phyla documented in birds. We addressed this challenge by comparing different primer sets across 16 samples from 5 bird species. Samples consisted of blood, feces, and controlled mixes with known proportions of bird and nematode DNA. Illumina sequencing revealed that a 28S primer set used in combination with a custom blocking primer allowed detection of various plasmodiid parasites and filarioid nematodes in the blood, coccidia in the feces, as well as two potentially pathogenic fungal groups. When tested on the controlled DNA mixes, these primers also increased the proportion of nematode DNA by over an order of magnitude. An 18S primer set, originally designed to exclude metazoan sequences, was the most effective at reducing the relative number of avian DNA sequences and was the only one to detect Trypanosoma in the blood. Expectedly, however, it did not allow nematode detection and also failed to detect avian malaria parasites. This study shows that a 28S set including a blocking primer allows detection of several major and very diverse bird parasite clades, while reliable amplification of all major parasite groups may require a combination of markers. It helps clarify options for bird parasite metabarcoding, according to priorities in terms of the endoparasite clades and the ecological questions researchers wish to focus on.
Complex multi‐predator effects on demographic habitat selection and community assembly in colonizing aquatic insects
Authors: Resetarits William J. , Pintar Matthew R. , Bohenek Jason R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRunning the gauntlet of predators consumes critical time and energy resources, as all species are vulnerable to one or, typically, more predators at some life stage. Prey employ a vast array of mechanisms to avoid predation, and predators, likewise, come in a bewildering variety. Thus, defensive adaptations are rarely one size fits all. Considerable work has addressed multi‐predator consumptive effects, but we now know that non‐consumptive effects of predators can dramatically impact individuals, (meta)populations, and (meta)communities. However, little is known regarding the community‐wide dynamics of non‐consumptive effects generated by multiple predators. Predator avoidance by choosing a patch that is free of a particular predator or predators can be the most effective strategy if conditions at colonization are a reliable predictor of absence, which is often true for fish in freshwater systems. We experimentally manipulated composition of the predator assemblage in aquatic mesocosms in a substitutive design, with zero, one, two, or three caged predatory fish species (one benthic, one pelagic, and one surface fish) at constant density and biomass, and assayed responses of naturally colonizing aquatic insects. We addressed three related questions; first, how do members of a diverse assemblage of colonizing aquatic insects respond to this variation in species and species combinations, second, do individual species (and higher taxa), respond differently to single vs. multiple predator species (species richness), and third how do any responses to fish species and species combinations, and effects on species richness, translate into community‐wide changes in the composition of colonists. Prey had varied responses to specific predators or combinations of predators, resulting in distinct community composition across treatments and higher β‐diversity with predators. Prey showed emergent multi‐predator effects, where certain species only responded to predator species combinations, but not to any individual predator, and stronger effects of multiple predator vs. single‐predator treatments, despite strong responses to individual predators in many taxa. Habitat selection effects can range from the individual to the metacommunity, and the dynamics of habitat selection in response to predators is a complex function of predator identity, density, richness, species composition, and patch spatial context.
Improvement of an Escherichia coli whole‐cell biocatalyst for geranyl glucoside production using directed evolution
Authors: Rüdiger Julian , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiotechnological production of glycosides is an economically competitive manufacturing alternative to classical chemical synthesis. Due to continuous improvement in production, glycosides can now be used in low‐cost products by various industries. However, many production systems still suffer from low yields. Directed evolution, coupled with a suitable screening method, can tackle this challenge. We generated glycosyltransferase mutants through error‐prone‐PCR and screened the library using a small‐scale whole‐cell biotransformation system to identify highly productive strains. The screening of only 176 colonies yielded three putative candidates. Detailed analysis revealed that the reason for the increase in product titer was mainly due to different expression effects of the mutant genes rather than improved enzyme kinetics. An up to 60‐fold increase in whole‐cell product quantity was achieved. Therefore, in addition to the quality of the mutant library, an efficient and stable expression system is crucial to achieve high concentrations of active enzyme and product, as formation of inclusion bodies and other inactive forms of the biocatalyst reduces productivity.
Using MLP‐GABP and SVM with wavelet packet transform‐based feature extraction for fault diagnosis of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Al Tobi Maamar , Bevan Geraint , Wallace Peter , Harrison David , Okedu Kenneth Eloghene 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores artificial intelligent training schemes based on multilayer perceptron, considering back propagation and genetic algorithm (GA). The hybrid scheme is compared with the traditional support vector machine approach in the literature to analyze both fault and normal scenarios of a centrifugal pump. A comparative analysis of the performance of the variables was carried out using both schemes. The study used features extracted for three decomposition levels based on wavelet packet transform. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the extracted features, two mother wavelets were investigated. The salient part of this work is the optimization of the hidden layers numbers using GA. Furthermore, this optimization process was extended to the multilayer perceptron neurons. The evaluation of the model system performance used for the study shows better response of the extracted features, and hidden layers variables including the selected neurons. Moreover, the applied training algorithm used in the work was able to enhance the classifications obtained considering the hybrid artificial intelligent scheme been proposed. This work has achieved a number of contributions like GA‐based selection of hidden layers and neuron, applied in neural network of centrifugal pump condition classification. Furthermore, a hybrid training method combining GA and back propagation (BP) algorithms has been applied for condition classification of a centrifugal pump. The obtained results have shown the good ability of the proposed methods and algorithms.
Strategies to work towards long-term sustainability and resiliency of nature-based solutions in coastal environments: A review and case studies
Authors: Cohn Jessica L. , Copp Franz Sara , Mandel Randy H. , Nack Christopher C. , Brainard Andrew S. , Eallonardo Anthony , Magar Victor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The need for sustainable and resilient long-term strategies for coastal restoration and development projects is largely the result of pressures brought by changing climate conditions and growing human populations along coastal boundaries. As anthropogenic impacts along our coasts increase, the demand for sustainable, nature-based solutions (NbS) will grow commensurately. Trusted approaches are needed for successful implementation of NbS, especially in regions hardest hit by environmental changes. Nearshore strategies for new construction and protection of existing coastal infrastructure are shifting rapidly from hardened approaches to more ecologically aligned techniques that work with natural forces and enhance natural habitat. This paper highlights the benefits of living shorelines composed of ecotypic native plants, wave attenuation structures for coastal protection, and managed retreat to restore coastal environments while supporting and maintaining natural habitats. We review several NbS and present two case studies to illustrate the value of incorporating nature-based approaches to vulnerable coastal environments and highlight the importance of maximizing synergies and understanding trade-offs in their long-term use. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:123–134. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Trusted approaches are needed for successful implementation of NbS, especially in regions hardest hit by environmental changes. Nearshore strategies for new construction and protection of existing coastal infrastructure are shifting rapidly from hardened approaches to more ecologically aligned techniques that work with natural forces and enhance natural habitat. This paper highlights the benefits and shares approaches of implementing living shorelines composed of ecotypic native plants, wave attenuation structures for coastal protection, and managed retreat to restore coastal environments while supporting and maintaining natural habitats.
Circulating tryptophan metabolites and risk of colon cancer: Results from case‐control and prospective cohort studies
Authors: Papadimitriou Nikos , Gunter Marc J. , Murphy Neil , Gicquiau Audrey , Achaintre David , Brezina Stefanie , Gumpenberger Tanja , Baierl Andreas , Ose Jennifer , Geijsen Anne J. M. R. , van Roekel Eline H. , Gsur Andrea , Gigic Biljana , Habermann Nina , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Kampman Ellen , Weijenberg Matty P. , Ueland Per Magne , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Krogh Vittorio , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Ardanaz Eva , Travis Ruth C. , Schulze Matthias B. , Sánchez Maria‐José , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra M. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Scalbert Augustin , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDysregulation of tryptophan metabolism has been linked to colorectal tumorigenesis; however, epidemiological studies investigating tryptophan metabolites in relation to colorectal cancer risk are limited. We studied associations of plasma tryptophan, serotonin and kynurenine with colon cancer risk in two studies with cancer patients and controls, and in one prospective cohort: ColoCare Study (110 patients/153 controls), the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA; 46 patients/390 controls) and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; 456 matched case‐control pairs). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colon cancer risk. Tryptophan was inversely associated with colon cancer risk in ColoCare (OR per 1‐SD = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.64) and EPIC (OR per 1‐SD = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.99). Comparing detectable vs nondetectable levels, serotonin was positively associated with colon cancer in CORSA (OR = 6.39; 95% CI, 3.61‐11.3) and EPIC (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.20‐3.40). Kynurenine was inversely associated with colon cancer in ColoCare (OR per 1‐SD = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.98), positively associated in CORSA (OR per 1‐SD = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27‐2.52), while no association was observed in EPIC. The kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio was positively associated with colon cancer in ColoCare (OR per 1‐SD = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.84) and CORSA (OR per 1‐SD = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.96), but not in EPIC. These results suggest that higher plasma tryptophan may be associated with lower colon cancer risk, while increased serotonin may be associated with a higher risk of colon cancer. The kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio may also reflect altered tryptophan catabolism during colon cancer development.
Uterine rupture during pregnancy: The URIDA (uterine rupture international data acquisition) study
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , Kosmas Ioannis P. , Carugno Jose "Tony" , Carp Howard , Malvasi Antonio , Cohen Shlomo B. , Laganà Antonio Simone , Angelini Marta , Casadio Paolo , Chayo Jenifer , Cicinelli Ettore , Gerli Sandro , Palacios Jaraquemada Josè , Magnarelli Giulia , Medvediev Mykhailo V. , Metello Josè , Nappi Luigi , Okohue Jude , Sparic Radmila , Stefanović Radomir , Tzabari Avinoam , Vimercati Antonella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and peripartum outcomes of patients diagnosed with uterine rupture (UR) by an observational cohort retrospective study on 270 patients.MethodsDemographic information, surgical history, symptoms, and postoperative outcome of women and neonates after UR were collected in a large database. The statistical analysis searched for correlation between UR, previous uterine interventions, fibroids, and the successive perinatal outcomes in women with previous UR.ResultsUterine rupture was significantly associated with previous uterine surgery, occurring, on average, at 36 weeks of pregnancy in women also without previous uterine surgery. UR did not rise exponentially with an increasing number of uterine operations. Fibroids were related to UR. The earliest UR occurred at 159 days after hysteroscopic myomectomy, followed by laparoscopic myomectomy (251 days) and laparotomic myomectomy (253 days). Fertility preservation was feasible in several women. Gestational age and birth weight seemed not to be affected in the subsequent pregnancy.ConclusionData analysis showed that previous laparoscopic and abdominal myomectomies were associated with UR in pregnancy, and hysteroscopic myomectomy was associated at earlier gestational ages. UR did not increase exponentially with an increasing number of previous scars. UR should not be considered a contraindication to future pregnancies.
The perception of high school students in The Gambia towards the practice of female genital mutilation
Authors: Sanneh Alieu B. 
Published: July 2021

SynopsisThis study investigated the practice of female genital mutilation in The Gambia. The results of this study indicated that the opinion of female students on the practice of FGM has not changed (in that they support of FGM) as shown in Table 1.
Measuring mothers' representations of their infants: Psychometric properties of the clinical scales of the working model of the child interview in a low‐ to moderate‐risk sample
Authors: Sandnes Kjersti , Lydersen Stian , Berg Kårstad Silja , Berg‐Nielsen Turid Suzanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI) is frequently used to measure parents' representations. Beyond the global categories (balanced, disengaged, distorted), the reliability, factor structure, and validity of all the 15 clinical scales have not previously been studied.The WMCI was administered to 152 Norwegian mothers of infants (mean age = 7.3 months) recruited from community well‐baby clinics.Interrater reliability was adequate for the global categories and moderate for the clinical scales. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis yielded three factors with evidence of factorial validity: Factor 1 balanced; factor 2 resentful; factor 3 apprehensive. Factor 1 corresponded with the original category balanced, while factor 2 and factor 3 corresponded with the original category distorted. Concurrent validity was supported as mothers with balanced representation (factor 1) were less stressed and the mother−infant interaction was more positive than that of mothers with resentful representation. Mothers with resentful or apprehensive representations (factor 2 and factor 3) reported more stress. The extracted factors and demographic variables correlated weakly or not at all, confirming discriminant validity. Our findings show that the clinical scales of the WMCI can be used in research with low‐ to moderate‐risk samples.
Progress and perspective of Li1 + xAlxTi2‐x(PO4)3 ceramic electrolyte in lithium batteries
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Likun , Ma Jiabin , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe replacement of liquid organic electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) is a feasible way to solve the safety issues and improve the energy density of lithium batteries. Developing SSEs materials that can well match with high‐voltage cathodes and lithium metal anode is quite significant to develop high‐energy‐density lithium batteries. Li1 + xAlxTi2 ‐ x(PO4)3 (LATP) SSE with NASICON structure exhibits high ionic conductivity, low cost and superior air stability, which enable it as one of the most hopeful candidates for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the high interfacial impedance between LATP and electrodes, and the severe interfacial side reactions with the lithium metal greatly limit its applications in ASSBs. This review introduces the crystal structure and ion transport mechanisms of LATP and summarizes the key factors affecting the ionic conductivity. The side reaction mechanisms of LATP with Li metal and the promising strategies for optimizing interfacial compatibility are reviewed. We also summarize the applications of LATP including as surface coatings of cathode particles, ion transport network additives and inorganic fillers of composite polymer electrolytes. At last, this review proposes the challenges and the future development directions of LATP in SSBs.image
Cover Image
Authors: Zhang Yongshang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shijie , Wang Zheng , Li Neng , Silva S. Ravi P. , Shao Guosheng 
Published: July 2021

Peng Zhang, Guosheng Shao and co‐workers(DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12214) design and develop the flexible metallic TiC nanofiber/vertical graphene 1D/2D hetero‐structured as active electrocatalyst for advanced Li‐S batteries. In this cover, the VG vertical standing on TiC nanofibers was fabricated based on the electrospinning technique as a highway for sulfur species conversion, which would be a novel pathway for high energy Li‐S batteries design to power electric vehicles.
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Phosphorus recovery from liquid digestate by chemical precipitation using low‐cost ion sources
Authors: Melgaço Lucas , Robles‐Aguilar Ana , Meers Erik , Mota César 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorus (P) recovered and recycled from agricultural waste, such precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) and calcium phosphates from the effluent after anaerobic digestion of wastes, is an important approach to developing environmentally sustainable fertilizers. However, for controlled phosphorus precipitation/recovery, it is usually necessary to supplement Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions; this represents more than 75% of the total operational costs and, as a result, hinders a more extensive application of this process. Therefore, there is a need to investigate alternative and low‐cost cation sources to recover phosphorus by precipitation. This study investigated limestone powder as calcium source and seawater as a magnesium source for phosphorus recovery by precipitation from the liquid fraction of digestate. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of the precipitation process were assessed under (i) four different pH values and (ii) three different molar ratios (Ca or Mg: P).RESULTSThe maximum phosphate removal rate was 44% for limestone powder at molar ratio 2:1 and pH 7. Higher phosphate removal using limestone powder was possibly inhibited by calcite precipitation. For seawater, the phosphate removal rate was 65% at molar ratio 2:1 and pH 10. Results of experiments using seawater at molar ratio 2:1 showed a decrease in K+ concentration and phosphate, suggesting that K‐struvite precipitation may have occurred.CONCLUSIONLimestone powder and seawater have a great potential to be used partially or totally as ion source for industrial recovery of P, mainly due to its very low cost. The recovered product could potentially be used as soil amendment and/or as phosphate rock substitute for fertilizer production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Behavioral inhibition and dual mechanisms of anxiety risk: Disentangling neural correlates of proactive and reactive control
Authors: Valadez Emilio A. , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Buzzell George A. , Henderson Heather A. , Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament style characterized by heightened reactivity and negative affect in response to novel people and situations, and it predicts anxiety problems later in life. However, not all BI children develop anxiety problems, and mounting evidence suggests that how one manages their cognitive resources (cognitive control) influences anxiety risk. The present study tests whether more (proactive control) or less (reactive control) planful cognitive strategies moderate relations between early BI and later anxiety.MethodsParticipants included 112 adolescents (55% female; Mage = 15.4 years) whose temperament was assessed during toddlerhood. In adolescence, participants completed an AX Continuous Performance Test while electroencephalography was recorded to disentangle neural activity related to proactive (cue‐locked P3b) and reactive (probe‐locked N2) control.ResultsGreater BI was associated with greater total anxiety scores only among adolescents with smaller ΔP3bs and larger ΔN2s—a pattern consistent with decreased reliance on proactive strategies and increased reliance on reactive strategies. Additionally, a larger ΔP3b was associated with greater total anxiety scores; however, this effect was largely explained by the fact that females tended to have larger ΔP3bs and greater anxiety than males.ConclusionsEarly BI relates to risk for later anxiety specifically among adolescents who rely less on proactive strategies and more on reactive control strategies. Thus, cognitive control strategy moderates the association between developmental context (i.e., temperament) and later anxiety. The present study is the first to characterize how proactive and reactive control uniquely relate to pathways toward anxiety risk.