bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroscience and Narrative
Authors: Mehl‐Madrona Lewis , Mainguy Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe narrative template is the form into which consciousness populates its memories and assembles a coherent self. A specific brain circuit exists to create and comprehend story. This circuit generates simulations or small stories, mostly about the important people in our lives and about ourselves. A salience network helps us switch between story brain and central‐executive function or task mode, in which we get things done. Memory is not stored accurately but more as a skeletal framework with gaps to which we add generic detail upon recall. At each recall, the memory changes in accordance with the demands of the situation in which we find ourselves and is re‐stored in that modification. A simple narrative structure characterizes the activity of the default mode in which characters interact sequentially with beliefs and intents (theory of mind) to produce outcomes that are more or less desirable to us. People are fundamentally narrative, whether or not they are conscious of the stories they generate. Memory is fundamentally flawed with gaps that are filled at recall to fit the needs of the situation for which our story is being told. Life may be more fiction than we have previously realized. Our goal is a conceptual review of narrative concepts in relation to neuroscience and neuroscience in relation to narrative concepts.
Racial and ethnic differences in abdominal soft tissue sarcoma incidence in New Zealand: a retrospective audit
Authors: Russell Michael , Mackay Georgia , Hooshyari Ali , Meyer Juliette Arianna , O'Hagan Lomani , Cranshaw Isaac 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of tumours. Anecdotally there seems to be an over representation of patients of Māori ethnicity presented at the Auckland Regional Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Meeting (MDM). To date no study has reported on ethnicity demographics of abdominal and retroperitoneal sarcoma in New Zealand. The aim of this study is to characterize the ethnicity distribution of patients discussed at the regional MDM.MethodsA retrospective audit was performed of patients presented at the Auckland Regional Sarcoma MDM between January 2015 and December 2020 with abdominal sarcoma. Ethnicity documentation for these patients was reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients with intra‐abdominal and retroperitoneal tumours were discussed at MDM with 61 proceeding for resection, of those 43 (70.5%) were primary tumours, 10 (16.4%) were recurrent tumours and 8 (13.1%) had metastatic disease. Liposarcoma made up 56 (45.2%) cases, Leiomyosarcoma 33 (26.6%), Other 35 (28.2%). Ethnicities for this group specifically were European 64 (51.6%), Māori 31 (25.0%), Pacific Peoples 17 (13.7%), Asian 6 (4.8%) and Other/unknown 3(2.4%). This was found to be statistically significantly different to the expected ethnicity distribution based on 2018 census data from North Island DHBs (χ2 = 19.55, p = 0.00), with Māori and Pacific Peoples being over‐represented and Asian patients being under‐represented. Recommendation for surgery did not appear to be related to ethnicity.ConclusionOur descriptive data shows a higher proportion of patients of Māori ethnicity discussed through the North Island regional sarcoma MDM than we would expect comparted to ethnicity distribution in the general population. It is unclear whether this represents a true difference in incidence based on ethnicity.
Transgastric laparoendoscopic approach to tumours of the stomach
Authors: Yahya Zarif , Liu David S. , Foo Gary , Aly Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently limited data to reassure the technical efficacy, particularly in attaining clear margins, through a transgastric laparo‐endoscopic approach to resecting tumours located near the gastroesophageal junction (GOJ) or the pylorus.MethodsSingle institution retrospective analysis of all cases from 1 April 2008 to 31 Dec 2019.ResultsOverall, 34 patients (38 tumours) underwent transgastric laparo‐endoscopic resection. Of these, 27 (71.1%) and 5 (14.7%) cases were located close to the GOJ and pylorus respectively. Three (8.0%) cases were converted to conventional laparoscopic excision. No anatomical gastric resection was required. The mean (SD) operative time was 167.5 (64.2) minutes and reduced with increasing experience. The median (IQR) length‐of‐stay was 3.0 (3.0–4.5) days. Major post‐operative complication (Clavian–Dindo ≥3) occurred in 1 (2.9%) patient, which required surgical control of staple line bleeding. The most common pathology was gastrointestinal stromal tumour (71.1%), followed by leiomyoma (10.5%), schwannoma (5.2%), dysplastic polyp (5.2%), and neuroendocrine tumour (2.6%). The mean (SD) tumour diameter was 3.9 (2.1) cm (largest 10.1 cm, 10 cases >5 cm). Resection margins were clear in all cases. We found no evidence of tumour recurrence or gastric stenosis at a median follow‐up of 88 months.ConclusionTransgastric laparo‐endoscopic resection of junctional and pyloric tumours with low metastatic potential is technically feasible. This approach achieved clear resection margins in all our cases, with acceptable perioperative and longer‐term outcomes.
The Countersovereignty of Critical Infrastructure Security: Settler‐State Anxiety versus the Pipeline Blockade
Authors: Bosworth Kai , Chua Charmaine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScholars argue that blockades of infrastructure pose an economic threat to capital circulation. This explains how activists can gain power through strategic spatial occupations and why states seek to protect “critical infrastructure” from disruption. However, Indigenous‐led blockades of pipelines gain power not (only) by disrupting economic flows alone, but by eliciting state anxieties about the racialised political, psychic and economic project of settler colonialism. Analysing public discourse surrounding the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines, including legislative measures introduced to criminalise protest since the blockade at Standing Rock, we reframe critical infrastructure security as a component operation of settler countersovereignty. The criminalisation of Indigenous dissent through the state’s escalation of protest legislation is an investment in maintaining settler political authority, leading us to conclude that blockades must be understood not only as a form of anti‐capitalist resistance, but also as a locus of anti‐colonial struggle.
Distinguishing outcomes of neonatal intestinal volvulus: Review of our experience over the last 20 years
Authors: Maya‐Enero Silvia , Prat‐Ortells Jordi , Martín‐Solé Oriol , De Haro‐Jorge Irene , Pertierra‐Cortada Àfrica , Iriondo‐Sanz Martín 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThere are two types of intestinal volvulus: midgut (MGV) and segmental (SV). Patients with different types of intestinal volvulus are often included in the same case series, which may affect the perception of how severe "intestinal volvuli" are. We aimed to compare both types of intestinal volvulus.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study including all patients with MGV and SV up to 28 days of life admitted to a tertiary hospital in Spain over a 20‐year‐period (1999–2019). A comparison between groups and a logistic regression model for mortality were done.ResultsWe identified 32 patients: 23 MGV and 9 SV. Malrotation was exclusive of MGV. Prenatal diagnosis, cystic fibrosis, and intestinal resection were significantly more frequent in SV. Surgery was performed at a significantly lower age in SV. The mortality observed in acute MGV with intestinal compromise (41.7%) is four times higher than the mortality of SV (11.1%). The overall mortality of all MGV patients (21.7%) is almost twice that of SV. Mortality was best predicted by the presence of hemodynamic instability (OR 27.5 95% CI 2.50–302.17; p = 0.007).ConclusionSV and MGV have a different clinical presentation. Hemodynamic instability is the major risk factor for death.
Aligning green infrastructure to sustainable development: A geographical contribution to an ongoing debate
Authors: De Vito Laura , Staddon Chad , Zuniga‐Teran Adriana A. , Gerlak Andrea K. , Schoeman Yolandi , Hart Aimee , Booth Giles 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlue and green infrastructure (BGI) is increasingly viewed as a promising solution to promoting a shift beyond traditionally engineered “grey” approaches towards more socially and environmentally sustainable infrastructure systems. The specific insights of geographical scholarship on how to address issues of processes, scale, and place in BGI design, implementation, and long‐term management would help unlock the potential for BGI to be appropriate and inclusive, as well as support environmentally sound solutions. In this paper we unpack issues of processes for inclusive decision‐making to design and implement BGI projects that can advance sustainable development. We present an assessment framework and its application to two case studies that highlight the potential for better alignment of BGI projects to the three pillars of sustainable development and that reveal key research challenges that geographical scholarship could address. We believe that co‐produced geographical research in this domain is well placed to tackle these research challenges.
Functional additive models for optimizing individualized treatment rules
Authors: Park Hyung , Petkova Eva , Tarpey Thaddeus , Ogden R. Todd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel functional additive model is proposed, which is uniquely modified and constrained to model nonlinear interactions between a treatment indicator and a potentially large number of functional and/or scalar pretreatment covariates. The primary motivation for this approach is to optimize individualized treatment rules based on data from a randomized clinical trial. We generalize functional additive regression models by incorporating treatment‐specific components into additive effect components. A structural constraint is imposed on the treatment‐specific components in order to provide a class of additive models with main effects and interaction effects that are orthogonal to each other. If primary interest is in the interaction between treatment and the covariates, as is generally the case when optimizing individualized treatment rules, we can thereby circumvent the need to estimate the main effects of the covariates, obviating the need to specify their form and thus avoiding the issue of model misspecification. The methods are illustrated with data from a depression clinical trial with electroencephalogram functional data as patients' pretreatment covariates.
Severe histomorphological alterations in post‐mortem olfactory glomeruli in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Son Gowoon , Steinbusch Harry W. M. , López‐Iglesias Carmen , Moon Cheil , Jahanshahi Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Key AD symptoms include memory and cognitive decline; however, comorbid symptoms such as depression and sensory‐perceptual dysfunction are often reported. Among these, a deterioration of olfactory sensation is observed in approximately 90% of AD patients. However, the precise pathophysiological basis underlying olfactory deficits because of AD remains elusive. The olfactory glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB) receive sensory information in the olfactory processing pathway. Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the olfactory glomerulus is critical to olfactory signalling. Herein, we conducted an in‐depth histopathological assessment to reveal detailed structural alterations in the olfactory glomeruli in AD patients. Fresh frozen post‐mortem OB specimens obtained from six AD patients and seven healthy age‐matched individuals were examined. We used combined immunohistochemistry and stereology to assess the gross morphology and histological alterations, such as those in the expression of Aβ protein, microglia, and neurotransmitters in the OB. Electron microscopy was employed to study the ultrastructural features in the glomeruli. Significant accumulation of Aβ, morphologic damage, altered neurotransmitter levels, and microgliosis in the olfactory glomeruli of AD patients suggests that glomerular damage could affect olfactory function. Moreover, greater neurodegeneration was observed in the ventral olfactory glomeruli of AD patients. The synaptic ultrastructure revealed distorted postsynaptic densities and a decline in presynaptic vesicles in AD specimens. These findings show that the primary olfactory pathway is affected by the pathogenesis of AD, and may provide clues to identifying the mechanism involved in olfactory dysfunction in AD.
GET4 is a novel driver gene in colorectal cancer that regulates the localization of BAG6, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein
Authors: Koike Kensuke , Masuda Takaaki , Sato Kuniaki , Fujii Atsushi , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Tobo Taro , Takahashi Junichi , Motomura Yushi , Nakano Takafumi , Saito Hideyuki , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Otsu Hajime , Takeishi Kazuki , Yonemura Yusuke , Mimori Koshi , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Further improvements of CRC therapeutic approaches are needed. BCL2‐associated athanogene 6 (BAG6), a multifunctional scaffold protein, plays an important role in tumor progression. However, regulation of BAG6 in malignancies remains unclear. This study showed that guided entry of tail‐anchored proteins factor 4 (GET4), a component of the BAG6 complex, regulates the intercellular localization of BAG6 in CRC. Furthermore, GET4 was identified as a candidate driver gene on the short arm of chromosome 7, which is often amplified in CRC, by our bioinformatics approach using the CRC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Clinicopathologic and prognostic analyses using CRC datasets showed that GET4 was overexpressed in tumor cells due to an increased DNA copy number. High GET4 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in CRC, whereas BAG6 was mainly overexpressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells without gene alteration. The biological significance of GET4 was examined using GET4 KO CRC cells generated with CRISPR‐Cas9 technology or transfected CRC cells. In vitro and in vivo analyses showed that GET4 promoted tumor growth. It appears to facilitate cell cycle progression by cytoplasmic enrichment of BAG6‐mediated p53 acetylation followed by reduced p21 expression. In conclusion, we showed that GET4 is a novel driver gene and a prognostic biomarker that promotes CRC progression by inducing the cytoplasmic transport of BAG6. GET4 could be a promising therapeutic molecular target in CRC.
Hsa_circ_0005576 promotes osimertinib resistance through the miR‐512‐5p/IGF1R axis in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Suo , Jiang Zhibin , Xiao Peng , Li Xiaozhi , Chen Yinji , Tang Hao , Chai Yanfei , Liu Yicai , Zhu Zhao , Xie Qianyi , He Wei , Ma Yuchao , Jin Longyu , Feng Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsimertinib is a third‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring activating mutations, but patients ultimately develop acquired resistance. Circular RNAs are involved in EGFR‐TKI resistance, while the role of hsa_circ_0005576 in the osimertinib resistance of LUAD remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that hsa_circ_0005576 could facilitate osimertinib‐resistant LUAD cells. Briefly, knockdown of hsa_circ_0005576 not only suppressed the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of resistant LUAD cells, but also increased their sensitivity to osimertinib. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0005576, serving as an miRNA sponge, could directly interact with miR‐512‐5p and subsequently upregulate the miR‐512‐5p‐targeted insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor. Rescue assays indicated that miR‐512‐5p inhibition could reverse the effects of hsa_circ_0005576 knockdown in LUAD cells resistant to osimertinib. Overall, our study revealed that hsa_circ_0005576 regulates proliferation and apoptosis through miR‐512‐5p/IGF1R signaling, which contributes further to the resistance of LUAD cells to osimertinib. In addition, this study provides a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying osimertinib resistance of LUAD.
Children strategically conceal selfishness
Authors: Gonzalez Gorana , Ahl Richard E. , Cordes Sara , McAuliffe Katherine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCan children exploit knowledge asymmetries to get away with selfishness? This question was addressed by testing 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children (N = 164; 81 girls) from the Northeastern United States in a modified Ultimatum Game. Children were assigned to the roles of proposers (who offered some proportion of an endowment) and responders (who could accept or reject offers). Both players in the Informed condition knew the endowment quantity in each trial. However, in the Uninformed condition, only proposers knew this information. In this condition, many proposers made “strategically selfish” offers that seemed fair based on the responders’ incomplete knowledge but were actually highly selfish. These results indicate that even young children possess the ability to deceive others about their selfishness.
Power, politics, and culture of marine conservation technology in fisheries
Authors: Jenkins Lekelia D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe term conservation technology is applied widely and loosely to any technology connected to conservation. This overly broad understanding can lead to confusion around the actual mechanisms of conservation in a technological system, which can result in neglect and underdevelopment of the human dimensions of conservation technology. Ultimately, this hinders its effectiveness as technological fixes for conservation problems. Through a process of concept mapping based on key case studies and literature, I devised precise definitions of marine conservation technology and technological marine conservation system. Concerns about the use of marine conservation technologies included unintended consequences, halfway technologies that address the symptoms but not the causes of problems, and misguided techno‐optimism (i.e., technology is a panacea that can solve any problem). Technology and technological systems can have power, politics, and culture, and these characteristics can influence the contextual fit of a technology, requiring that technology be thoughtfully created or adapted to the circumstances in which it will be used. Power, politics, and culture inherent in technology can also influence the distribution of conservation risks and benefits and potentially widen gaps in wealth, privilege, opportunities, and justice. Addressing these concerns can potentially be achieved through the better integration of social sciences in marine conservation technology and technological marine conservation system design and development and the application of the social‐ecological‐technological systems framework. This framework melds key concepts from the socioecological systems framework and science and technology studies. It recognizes as and elevates technology to be a central actor that can shape societies and the natural world. Such a framework incorporates broader understanding, so that the values and concerns of society are more effectively addressed in the creation and implementation of marine conservation technologies and technological marine conservation systems.
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam in patients with hospital‐acquired/ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Patel Munjal , Bellanti Francesco , Daryani Naveen M. , Noormohamed Nadia , Hilbert David W. , Young Katherine , Kulkarni Pooja , Copalu William , Gheyas Ferdous , Rizk Matthew L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the phase III RESTORE‐IMI 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02493764), the combination antibacterial agent imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) demonstrated noninferiority to piperacillin/tazobactam for the end points of all‐cause mortality at day 28 and favorable clinical response at the early follow‐up visit in adult participants with gram‐negative hospital‐acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP). Existing population pharmacokinetic models for imipenem (IPM) and REL were updated using data from patients with HABP/VABP from RESTORE‐IMI 2. Creatinine clearance (CrCl), body weight, infection type, and ventilation status were significant covariates in the updated model. The following simulations were performed to calculate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic joint probability of target attainment among patients with HABP/VABP and varying degrees of renal function: augmented renal clearance (CrCl ≥150 ml/min), normal renal function (CrCl ≥90 to <150 ml/min), renal impairment (mild, CrCl ≥60 to <90 ml/min; moderate, CrCl ≥30 to <60 ml/min; or severe, CrCl ≥15 to <30 ml/min), and end‐stage renal disease (CrCl <15 ml/min). At the recommended IMI/REL dosing regimens across renal categories, greater than 90% of patients in all renal function groups were predicted to achieve joint pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets at a minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint of ≤2 μg/ml, regardless of ventilation status. This modeling and simulation analysis supports use of the recommended IMI/REL dosing regimens, adjusted based on renal function, in patients with HABP/VABP.
Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of internet‐mediated ‘relapse prevention therapy’ for patients with alcohol use disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Sharma Anu , Das Karobi , Sharma Sunita , Ghosh Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of synchronous internet‐mediated relapse prevention therapy (i‐RPT) in alcohol use disorder.MethodsThis was a pilot, quasi‐experimental study. Thirty‐two adult men with alcohol use disorder were recruited through purposive sampling from an outpatient setting. We assessed patterns of drinking, craving, motivation and coping. Patients received five twice‐weekly sessions of i‐RPT. They were reassessed 12 weeks post‐intervention (CTRI Trial REF/2020/09/036392).ResultsThirty‐two (48%) of the 67 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and all consented to the study. All participants completed at least two sessions and 23 (71.9%) completed all five sessions. Two‐thirds of participants reported high satisfaction in the Telehealth Satisfaction Questionnaire. We observed modest intervention effects on days of abstinence in both per‐protocol (P <0.001; r = 0.6) and worst‐case (P <0.001, r = 0.5) analyses. There were also reductions in the amount of alcohol use, frequency of drinking and heavy drinking, craving and maladaptive coping behaviours. Per‐protocol analysis revealed a positive post‐intervention change in the motivational level to change alcohol use.ConclusioniRPT appears to be feasible, acceptable and possibly effective in alcohol use disorder.