bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study using data from routine care
Authors: Fralick Michael , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Redelmeier Donald A. , Razak Fahad , Gomes Tara , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in treatment‐naïve patients compared with metformin.Participants and MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had not filled a prescription for a diabetes medication in the preceding year. We then identified patients who newly filled a prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor or metformin between 2013 and 2018. The primary outcome was a composite of heart failure, myocardial infarction or stroke. Safety outcomes included hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, genital infection, lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury. After 1:1 propensity‐score (PS) matching, proportional hazards models were fit to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 9964 individuals newly prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor who were PS‐matched to 9964 individuals newly prescribed metformin. The mean age was 54 years, 52% were women, and the duration of follow‐up was 213 days for metformin and 147 days for SGLT2 inhibitors. The primary outcome occurred in 54 patients (7.2 events per 1000 person‐years) who received an SGLT2 inhibitor, compared to 84 patients (8.5 per 1000 person‐years) who received metformin (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.58, 1.15). Similar results (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.69, 1.09) were observed in an analysis with longer follow‐up (ie, approximately 600 days). The rates of genital infection (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.87, 2.78) and diabetic ketoacidosis (HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.92, 2.70) were higher for patients prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor compared to metformin, while the rates of acute kidney injury (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.60, 1.47) or hypoglycaemia (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.48, 1.42) were not.ConclusionsWe observed a numerically lower rate of short‐/mid‐term cardiovascular events for patients newly prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor compared to metformin, albeit with wide CIs that include the possibility of a null effect. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a higher rate of genital infection and diabetic ketoacidosis. Larger cohort studies and long‐term clinical trials powered to assess cardiovascular events are necessary to understand the risk‐benefit profile of SGLT2 inhibitors as first‐line therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Trademark and IPO underpricing
Authors: Yang Bin , Yuan Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough trademarks are mentioned in many firms’ initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses, their influences on the IPO valuation process are underexplored. This paper studies the relationship between a firm's pre‐IPO trademarks and its IPO underpricing. Using 4457 US IPOs during the period 1980–2018, we find that firms with a larger number of trademarks prior to the IPO date experience significantly less IPO underpricing. We employ a quasi‐natural experiment brought about by the 1996 Federal Trademark Dilution Act and an instrumental variable approach to establish causality. Our findings suggest that trademarks help reduce information asymmetry among various IPO participants, leading to less underpriced IPOs.
Embedding biodiversity research into climate adaptation policy and practice
Authors: Graham Victoria , Auld Tony , Beaumont Linda , Bell Linda , Dunford Suzanne , Gallagher Rachael , Hancock Nola , Leishman Michelle R. , Mitchell Polly , Staas Leigh , Hughes Lesley 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAddressing climate change risks requires collaboration and engagement across all sectors of society. In particular, effective partnerships are needed between research scientists producing new knowledge, policy‐makers and practitioners who apply conservation actions on the ground. We describe the implementation of a model for increasing the application and useability of biodiversity research in climate adaptation policy and practice. The focus of the program was to increase the ability of a state government agency and natural resource practitioners in Australia to manage and protect biodiversity in a changing climate. The model comprised a five‐stage process for enhancing impact (i) initiation of research projects that addressed priority conservation policy and management issues; (ii) co‐design of the research using a collaborative approach involving multiple stakeholders; (iii) implementation of the research and design of decision tools and web‐based resources; (iv) collaborative dissemination of the tools and resources via government and community working groups; and (v) evaluation of research impact. We report on the model development and implementation, and critically reflect on the model's impact. We share the lessons learnt from the challenges of operating within a stakeholder group with diverse objectives and criteria for success, and provide a template for creating an environmental research program with real world impact.
Water Well Hydrographs: An Underutilized Resource for Characterizing Subsurface Conditions
Authors: Butler J.J. , Knobbe S. , Reboulet E.C. , Whittemore D.O. , Wilson B.B. , Bohling G.C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany of the world's major aquifers are under severe stress as a result of intensive pumping to support irrigated agriculture and provide drinking water supplies for millions. The question of what the future holds for these aquifers is one of global importance. Without better information about subsurface conditions, it will be difficult to reliably assess an aquifer's response to management actions and climatic stresses. One important but underutilized source of information is the data from monitoring well networks that provide near‐continuous records of water levels through time. Most organizations running these networks are, by necessity, primarily focused on network maintenance. The result is that relatively little attention is given to interpretation of the acquired hydrographs. However, embedded in those hydrographs is valuable information about subsurface conditions and aquifer responses to natural and anthropogenic stresses. We demonstrate the range of insights that can be gleaned from such hydrographs using data from the High Plains aquifer index well network of the Kansas Geological Survey. We show how information about an aquifer's hydraulic state and lateral extent, the nature of recharge, the hydraulic connection to the aquifer and nearby pumping wells, and the expected response to conservation‐based pumping reductions can be extracted from these hydrographs. The value of this information is dependent on accurate water‐level measurements; errors in those measurements can make it difficult to fully exploit the insights that water‐well hydrographs can provide. We therefore conclude by presenting measures that can help reduce the potential for such errors.
The effect of emicizumab prophylaxis on long‐term, self‐reported physical health in persons with haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors in the HAVEN 3 and HAVEN 4 studies
Authors: Skinner Mark W. , Négrier Claude , Paz‐Priel Ido , Chebon Sammy , Jiménez‐Yuste Victor , Callaghan Michael U. , Lehle Michaela , Niggli Markus , Mahlangu Johnny , Shapiro Amy , Shima Midori , Campinha‐Bacote Avrita , Levy Gallia G. , Oldenburg Johannes , von Mackensen Sylvia , Pipe Steven W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSevere haemophilia A (HA) has a major impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).AimAssess the impact of emicizumab on HRQoL in persons with severe HA (PwHA) without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in the phase 3 HAVEN 3 and 4 studies.MethodsThis pooled analysis examines the HRQoL of PwHA aged ≥ 18 years treated with emicizumab prophylaxis via Haemophilia‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (Haem‐A‐QoL) and EuroQoL 5‐Dimensions 5‐levels (EQ‐5D‐5L). In particular, changes from baseline in Haem‐A‐QoL ‘Physical Health’ (PH) domain and ‘Total Score’ (TS) are evaluated.ResultsAmong 176 evaluable participants, 96 (55%) had received prior episodic treatment and 80 (45%) prophylaxis; 70% had ≥ 1 target joint and 51% had experienced ≥ 9 bleeds in the previous 24 weeks. Mean Haem‐A‐QoL PH and TS improved after emicizumab initiation. Mean (standard deviation) –12.0 (21.26)‐ and –8.6 (12.57)‐point improvements were observed in PH and TS from baseline to Week 73; Week 73 scores were 27.9 (24.54) and 22.0 (14.38), respectively. Fifty‐four percent of participants reported a clinically meaningful improvement in PH scores (≥ 10 points) by Week 73. Subgroups with poorer HRQoL prior to starting emicizumab (i.e. receiving episodic treatment, ≥ 9 bleeds, target joints) had the greatest improvements in PH scores, and corresponding reductions in missed workdays; change was not detected among those previously taking prophylaxis. No change over time was detected by the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire.ConclusionsEmicizumab prophylaxis in PwHA without FVIII inhibitors resulted in persistent and meaningful improvements in Haem‐A‐QoL PH and less work disruption than previous treatment.
Five years of citizen science and standardised field surveys in an informal urban green space reveal a threatened Eden for wild bees in Brussels, Belgium
Authors: Vereecken Nicolas J. , Weekers Timothy , Marshall Leon , D'Haeseleer Jens , Cuypers Maarten , Pauly Alain , Pasau Bernard , Leclercq Nicolas , Tshibungu Alain , Molenberg Jean‐Marc , De Greef Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Urbanisation is often put forward as an important driver of biodiversity loss, including for pollinators such as wild bees. However, recent evidence shows that the mosaics of urban green spaces, and in particular certain categories of informal urban green spaces (IGS), can play an important role to help native wild bees thrive in cities.
Here, we describe the results of 5 years of citizen science and standardised field surveys of wild bees conducted at the Friche Josaphat, a 24‐ha urban wasteland in the Brussels‐Capital Region (Belgium). These field surveys were initiated following the planned restructuring and partial destruction of this site by the regional authorities.
We recorded a total of 2507 specimens belonging to 127 species of wild bees, i.e. 60.5% of the 210 species recorded regionally, including nine that are threatened with extinction at national or European scales. The Friche Josaphat encompasses a significant share of the functional and phylogenetic diversity of wild bees known from the Brussels‐Capital Region and is one of the most species‐rich localities known to date for wild bees in Belgium.
Collectively, our results highlight the strong complementarity of citizen science and academic approaches in biodiversity surveys, and they reaffirm that wastelands are essential components of urban biodiversity. Our study stresses the need to provide biodiverse IGS with a formal status within the mosaic of urban green spaces but also to acknowledge and safeguard their natural capital and the multiple ecosystem services they provide.
Making sense of sensory brand experience: Constructing an integrative framework for future research
Authors: Zha Dongmei , Foroudi Pantea , Jin Zhongqi , Melewar T.C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study asserts that conceptualizing sensory brand experience (SBE) as an independent construct is critical to expanding our understanding of experiences provided by brands. To achieve this goal, a rigorous examination of its foundational knowledge structure underpinning the construct is urgently required. Using co‐citation analysis examining 151 SBE‐related articles with 4038 citations over more than two decades (1994–2019), six knowledge fields deemed to have constitutive influence on SBE literature have been identified: atmospherics, product evaluation, sensory marketing, service marketing, experiential marketing and brand experience. Combining the results of a hierarchical cluster analysis and a metric multidimensional scaling analysis, the authors located three fundamental premises: (1) brand settings are arbiters of brand meaning; (2) the intrinsic processing of SBE involves the entrainment of exteroceptive and interoceptive processes; and (3) SBE outcomes are non‐representational. At the end of the paper, these findings are organized into an integrative framework, highlighting research concerns and research gaps at the antecedent, processing and outcome stages. In doing so, this paper contributes to the conceptual development of SBE by constructing a doctrinal schema for future research undertakings.
Early onset of overweight among children from low‐income families: The role of exclusive breastfeeding and maternal intake of ultra‐processed food
Authors: de Melo Jayanne Mayara Magalhães , Dourado Bruna Larine Lemos Fontes Silva , de Menezes Risia Cristina Egito , Longo‐Silva Giovana , da Silveira Jonas Augusto Cardoso 
Published: June 2021

SummaryContextThere is an increasing prevalence of overweight during early childhood in the most impoverished areas in Brazil, although there is a lack of evidence regarding its onset.ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with overweight among low‐income children during their first year of life.MethodsWe analysed data from a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Brazil, which followed‐up children at birth, 3rd, 6th and 12th months (n = 196). The overweight incidence (zBMI/A > 2SD) was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier survival estimator and its associated factors by the Coxs regression model. Missing data were addressed with multiple imputations and results on the final adjusted model were calculated by pooling the estimates generated for each imputed dataset.ResultsThe overweight incidence was 17 events/100 children‐year, and most cases occurred before the 6th month. The final model showed that children exclusively breastfed up to 30 days (vs. >30 days; HR 2.68; 95%CI 1.11–6.49) and whose mothers consumed ultra‐processed foods more than 4 times/day (vs. ≤4 times/day; HR 3.02; 95%CI 1.28–7.13) presented a higher risk of developing overweight.ConclusionThe overweight incidence was high in this impoverished population. Shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration and an unhealthy household food environment provided a short‐term risk increase.
Does the severity of obesity influence bone density, geometry and strength in adolescents?
Authors: Julian Valérie , O'Malley Grace , Metz Lore , Weghuber Daniel , Courteix Daniel , Fillon Alicia , Boirie Yves , Duclos Martine , Pereira Bruno , Thivel David 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundRelationships between the severity of obesity and bone health remain underexplored.ObjectivesTo compare whole‐body and localized bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) and hip geometry and strength between adolescents with obesity versus extreme obesity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 154 adolescents (12–15 years, 62% females) who were classified as having obesity (OG, [95th–99th] percentile) or extreme obesity (EOG, >99th percentile). Fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), BMC, BMD for total‐body‐less‐head (TBLH), lumbar spine (LS), hip, TBS and geometric and strength indices at the narrow‐neck (NN), femoral shaft (FS) and intertrochanteric regions (IT) were assessed by Dual‐X‐ray Absorptiometry (DXA).ResultsThere was no significant sex‐interaction. For both sexes, TBLH BMC and BMD were not different between groups. TBS was lower in EOG compared with OG in both sexes in univariate analysis and after adjustment with maturation and body weight (p < 0.05). Hip BMD was significantly higher in the EOG compared to OG only after adjustment with maturation and fat mass percentage (p < 0.05 for men, p < 0.01 for women). For both sexes, TBLH, LS and hip BMC and BMD positively correlated with weight, BMI, LM and FM. TBS negatively correlated with BMI‐percentile in both sexes, with a negative correlation with FM for males alone. Hip BMC and BMD, BMD, ACT and CSA at the three hip sites positively correlated with BMI‐percentile in males.ConclusionsExtreme obesity impacts bone health depending on anatomical sites, altering lumbar trabecular bone in both males and females adolescents.
Desmopressin response in nocturnal enuresis without nocturnal polyuria in Japanese children
Authors: Akagawa Shohei , Tsuji Shoji , Akagawa Yuko , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Kimata Takahisa , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the efficacy of desmopressin differs between patients with and without nocturnal polyuria.MethodsA total of 65 treatment‐naïve children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis were enrolled (45 boys; median age 8.9 years). Patients received desmopressin as their first‐line treatment. Four different standards were used (Akashi and Hoashi >0.9 mL/kg/sleeping hour; Hamano >[age + 2] × 25 × 130% mL; the International Children's Continence Society >[age + 1] × 30 × 130% mL; and Rittig >[age + 9] × 20 mL) to assess nocturnal polyuria. The effectiveness of desmopressin was compared between patients with and without nocturnal polyuria according to each standard. A response was defined as a reduction in wet nights of >50%.ResultsThe desmopressin treatment efficacy rate was 54% for polyuria and 67% for non‐polyuria patients (P = 0.20), 45% for polyuria and 68% for non‐polyuria patients (P = 0.08), 54% for polyuria and 59% for non‐polyuria patients (P = 0.80), and 52% for polyuria and 61% for non‐polyuria patients (P = 0.61), for the Akashi and Hoashi's, Hamano's, International Children’s Continence Society and Rittig's standards, respectively.ConclusionsNo difference was observed in the short‐term clinical efficacy of desmopressin regardless of the presence of nocturnal polyuria. Thus, this might be a feasible treatment option for patients with nocturnal enuresis without nocturnal polyuria.
Students and instructors perspective on blended synchronous learning in a Canadian graduate program
Authors: Lakhal Sawsen , Mukamurera Joséphine , Bédard Marie‐Eve , Heilporn Géraldine , Chauret Mélodie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlended synchronous learning (BSL) represents several contexts that enable to bring remote students into the classroom, in real time, by the means of videoconferencing, web conferencing and virtual world. As BSL seems to be more and more implemented in many higher education institutions, especially in the current context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and given the recent interest and scarce published research in BSL, more studies are needed on this kind of learning. The purpose of this research was to explore students and instructors perspective regarding their experience in BSL, according to three dimensions: pedagogy, technology and organization/logistics. To meet the study objective, a qualitative methodology was adopted. The study participants were remote students (n = 4) and face‐to‐face students (n = 4) enrolled in a graduate program in education offering only blended synchronous courses, and instructors (n = 5) in this program. Semi‐structured interviews were selected as the data collection method. Nine sub‐themes in reference to the three dimensions emerged from the study participants. They have also highlighted some challenges associated with BSL. The results reported in this study should provide faculties and higher education administrators with additional information and guidance, based on empirical data, on the use of BSL if they wish to implement it in academic programs. Moreover, in regard to the challenges revealed by the study participants, the results will permit to surpass the obstacles when implementing BSL successfully.
Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model
Authors: Ma Long , Lee Chei Sian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the educational disruption caused by the Covid‐19 pandemic underscores the importance of blended learning in higher education, research on the effectiveness of blended learning is still inconclusive. Drawing from the motivational design model of the ARCS (i.e., attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction), this study attempts to fill the gap to evaluate effectiveness of blended learning from a multi‐dimensional perspective. Participants were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (i.e., face‐to‐face, pure online, and blended). A questionnaire survey was administered in each group after the trial courses. The data was analysed by using the one‐way ANOVA with post hoc tests. The results showed that blended learning outperformed pure online learning in enhancing students' attention, confidence, and satisfaction perceptions. Additionally, blended learning had a higher level of satisfaction perception than face‐to‐face learning. Follow‐up interviews were also conducted to provide an in‐depth understanding of how blended learning motivated students during the learning process. Considering that blended learning may become a new normal in higher education after the Covid‐19 pandemic, the findings of the present study provide evidences to support the effectiveness of the blended learning approach in addressing students' motivational needs.
Curcumin inhibits adverse psychological stress‐induced proliferation and invasion of glioma cells via down‐regulating the ERK/MAPK pathway
Authors: Wang Ping , Hao Xinwei , Li Xiaohan , Yan Yizhi , Tian Wenxiu , Xiao Lin , Wang Zhenming , Dong Junhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurcumin is a natural polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma that has an important antitumour effect, but its effect on adverse psychological stress‐induced tumour proliferation and invasion has not been reported to date. Here, we found that curcumin not only inhibited the growth of xenografts in chronically stressed nude mice, but also decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2/9 and CD147 in tumour tissues. Exogenous norepinephrine (NE) was used to stimulate glioma cells to simulate the stress environment in vitro, and it was found that curcumin inhibited the NE‐induced proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Further research found that the effects of NE on glioma cells could lead to the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway through β‐adrenergic receptor, while curcumin suppressed the level of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, blocking ERK1/2 expression with U0126 resulted in the down‐regulated expression of CD147, which further led to the decreased expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Curcumin could also inhibit the expression of cyclin D1/CDK4/6 and anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2/Bcl‐XL induced by NE, and induced cell cycle changes and increased apoptosis. Therefore, curcumin may be a potential candidate drug for preventing and treating the progression of glioma induced by adverse psychological stress.