bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polyester/Polypyrrole Textile‐Based Ultrasensitive Wearable Microdistance Sensor
Authors: Chen Ruoqi , Ma Xinlei , Chai Yuqiao , Hua Kun , Gui Qinyuan , He Yonglin , Yang Xiubin , Zhu Nan , Wang Yapei , Ji Junhui , Zhang Xueji , Xue Mianqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrodistance sensor, which can accurately detect the microdistance change, possesses significant applications in the cutting‐edge technologies including biomedicine, energy storage, and info‐communications. However, the high cost, complicated operation, and stringent testing requirements of the existing microdistance sensors limit their widespread application in the frontier fields, especially for the intelligent wearable electronics. Herein, a novel mechanism to detect microdistance change is developed, in which the external microdistance brings a change in the thickness of conductive textile and further converts into a distinguishable electrical signal. The polyester/polypyrrole (PET/PPy) conductive textile is fabricated via in situ solventless polymerization, and the derived microdistance sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 179 m−1 within the detection region of 10–480 µm, a high resolution up to 5 µm, and good stability. The excellent sensing performance can be attributed to the high elasticity, deformation‐recovery property, and 3D network structures of the PET/PPy conductive textile. Furthermore, the wearable sensor is applied to detect the microdistance changes in human and robot activities, providing an efficient and low‐cost solution for microdistance detection in intelligent medical, health monitoring system, and biomimetic robot.
Robustness of deep learning segmentation of cardiac substructures in noncontrast computed tomography for breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Jin Xiyao , Thomas Maria A. , Dise Joseph , Kavanaugh James , Hilliard Jessica , Zoberi Imran , Robinson Clifford G. , Hugo Geoffrey D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop and evaluate deep learning‐based autosegmentation of cardiac substructures from noncontrast planning computed tomography (CT) images in patients undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy and to investigate the algorithm sensitivity to out‐of‐distribution data such as CT image artifacts.MethodsNine substructures including aortic valve (AV), left anterior descending (LAD), tricuspid valve (TV), mitral valve (MV), pulmonic valve (PV), right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), left atrium (LA), and left ventricle (LV) were manually delineated by a radiation oncologist on noncontrast CT images of 129 patients with breast cancer; among them 90 were considered in‐distribution data, also named as “clean” data. The image/label pairs of 60 subjects were used to train a 3D deep neural network while the remaining 30 were used for testing. The rest of the 39 patients were considered out‐of‐distribution (“outlier”) data, which were used to test robustness. Random rigid transformations were used to augment the dataset during training. We investigated multiple loss functions, including Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), cross‐entropy (CE), Euclidean loss as well as the variation and combinations of these, data augmentation, and network size on overall performance and sensitivity to image artifacts due to infrequent events such as the presence of implanted devices. The predicted label maps were compared to the ground‐truth labels via DSC and mean and 90th percentile symmetric surface distance (90th‐SSD).ResultsWhen modified Dice combined with cross‐entropy (MD‐CE) was used as the loss function, the algorithm achieved a mean DSC = 0.79 ± 0.07 for chambers and 0.39 ± 0.10 for smaller substructures (valves and LAD). The mean and 90th‐SSD were 2.7 ± 1.4 and 6.5 ± 2.8 mm for chambers and 4.1 ± 1.7 and 8.6 ± 3.2 mm for smaller substructures. Models with MD‐CE, Dice‐CE, MD, and weighted CE loss had highest performance, and were statistically similar. Data augmentation did not affect model performances on both clean and outlier data and model robustness was susceptible to network size. For a certain type of outlier data, robustness can be improved via incorporating them into the training process. The execution time for segmenting each patient was on an average 2.1 s.ConclusionsA deep neural network provides a fast and accurate segmentation of large cardiac substructures in noncontrast CT images. Model robustness of two types of clinically common outlier data were investigated and potential approaches to improve them were explored. Evaluation of clinical acceptability and integration into clinical workflow are pending.
Enhanced identification of Tau acetylation and phosphorylation with an engineered aerolysin nanopore
Authors: Huo Ming‐Zhu , Hu Zheng‐Li , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPosttranslational modifications (PTMs) affect protein function/dysfunction, playing important roles in the occurrence and development of tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease. PTM detection is significant and still challenging due to the requirements of high sensitivity to identify the subtle structural differences between modifications. Herein, in terms of the unique geometry of the aerolysin (AeL) nanopore, we elaborately engineered a T232K AeL nanopore to detect the acetylation and phosphorylation of Tau segment (Pep). By replacing neutral threonine (T) with positively charged lysine (K) at the 232 sites, the T232K and K238 rings of this engineered T232K AeL nanopore corporately work together to enhance electrostatic trapping of the acetylated and phosphorylated Tau peptides. Translocation speed of the monophosphorylated Pep‐P was decelerated by up to 46 folds compared to the wild‐type (WT) AeL nanopore. The prolonged residences within the T232K AeL nanopore enabled to simultaneously identify the monoacetylated Pep‐Ac, monophosphorylated Pep‐P, di‐modified Pep‐P‐Ac and non‐modified Pep. The tremendous potential is demonstrated for PTM sensing by manipulating non‐covalent interactions between nanopores and single analytes.
Knowledge about risk factors for cancer and cancer risk behavior among patients with severe mental illness
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Caruso Rosangela , Biancosino Bruno , Belvederi Murri Martino , Riba Michelle , Meggiolaro Elena , Ruffilli Federica , Palagini Laura , Nanni Maria Giulia , Zavatta Sara , Toffanin Tommaso , Folesani Federica , Zerbinati Luigi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine knowledge about, perception of and current risk factors for cancer, among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) and to compare these variables with patients without SMI.MethodsA series of patients affected by SMI (i.e., schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and severe personality disorders) and a matched (gender, age) control group of primary care attenders were assessed, by using an ad hoc semi‐structured interview and a short true/false 17‐item questionnaire, about family history of cancer, cancer risk‐related lifestyles, personal perception and knowledge of risk for cancer.ResultsPatients with SMI (n = 185, mainly schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 48%, and mood disorders, 33%) significantly differed from primary care attenders (n = 173) for: lower participation to occult stool blood screening test, Pap smear test and mammography; higher prevalence of current and past smoking habits; lower awareness towards their own physical symptoms and their perception of risks for cancer; lower physical exercise practicing; lower knowledge about risk factors for cancer (e.g. familiarity for cancer, smoke‐habits, breast and uterine cancer).ConclusionsPatients suffering from SMI had higher at‐risk behavior for cancer and showed fewer concerns and less knowledge about risk for cancer than primary care attendees. These findings can guide to implement screening for cancer (e.g., Pap test, blood) and to design evidence‐based interventions to reduce cancer risk (e.g., educational and behavioral change for smoking cessation, dietary habits) among patients with SMI.
Colorectal cancer knowledge and perceptions among individuals below the age of 50
Authors: Mueller Nora M. , Hyams Travis , King‐Marshall Evelyn C. , Curbow Barbara A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) rates are increasing in individuals below the age of 50 and this trend has been projected to continue for the foreseeable future. Health officials are calling for increased awareness of rising rates in affected populations to promote discussion and early detection.MethodsIn May 2018, we surveyed an online purposive sample of adults below the age of 50 (N = 624). We conducted an exploratory analysis examining knowledge of current CRC screening guidelines, knowledge of available CRC screening methods, perceived risk of CRC, and perceived importance of screening for CRC by gender, race, and previous CRC screening activity.ResultsThe sample was 56% female, averaged 36 years of age, largely identified as Caucasian (84%), married (48%), and well educated (70% with some college or a college degree). 36% correctly identified the current age of recommended CRC screening initiation. Few (8%) correctly identified all CRC screening options presented. Genetics was thought to be the most relevant determinant of CRC. African American or black participants perceived themselves to be at lower risk of CRC, while women rated the importance of screening significantly lower than men.ConclusionWe identified a lack of CRC knowledge in individuals below the age of 50. Interventions should correct perceptions of risk of CRC and highlight the importance of screening. Complete knowledge of the range of screening options may reduce barriers to screening while a greater knowledge of modifiable risk factors of CRC can promote healthy behaviors.
Uses and benefits of digital sequence information from plant genetic resources: Lessons learnt from botanical collections
Authors: Cowell Carly , Paton Alan , Borrell James S. , Williams China , Wilkin Paul , Antonelli Alexandre , Baker William J. , Buggs Richard , Fay Michael F. , Gargiulo Roberta , Grace Olwen M. , Kuhnhäuser Benedikt G. , Woudstra Yannick , Kersey Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

Societal Impact StatementDigitized molecular data are vital to numerous aspects of scientific research and genetic resource use. The Convention on Biological Diversity currently refers to this as “Digital Sequence Information” (DSI), a term not widely adopted by science and lacking a clear definition. There are concerns over the access to genetic resources and absence of benefit sharing by provider countries. Open access to DSI might exacerbate this, which is leading to increasing policy interventions and restricted access to genetic resources and DSI. We analyze current international debate and proposed solutions and provide case studies of DSI use producing tangible benefits for the provider countries and scientific research, demonstrating the importance of open access DSI to achieving conservation goals.SummarySubstantial advances in DNA sequencing over the last decades hold great potential to enhance food security and sustainable use of global biodiversity, benefiting the world's poorest people. Digital Sequence Information (DSI) plays a crucial role in catalyzing research applications that can contribute to international societal and biodiversity conservation targets. However, benefit sharing relating to DSI is difficult to identify and hindered by the lack of clear international governance and legislation, which in turn has led to a reluctance to make DSI publicly and freely available. Critically, no precise definition exists under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Nagoya Protocol (NP), or the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The key difference between DSI and biological resources, for which access and use are highly regulated under those frameworks, is that information is nonphysical. Information can be replicated and used without movement of, or access to, physical specimens. Thus, regulating the use of DSI is extremely challenging and remains controversial. Here, we review the regulation of DSI and the possible future steps by the international community, in the context of the benefit‐sharing obligations of the CBD, NP, and ITPGRFA. We highlight how multilateral agreements work in practice and are a solution to this impasse. We provide case studies demonstrating how the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and its collaborators address the uncertainty surrounding the use of DSI, illustrating tangible and equitable benefits that have arisen from such use. We conclude that open access to DSI is needed for scientific research and international policy.
Titration of inspired oxygen in preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure using near‐infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: A new approach
Authors: Elsayed Yasser N. , Dakshinamurti Shyamala 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTitration of inspired oxygen is a challenge in preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). Monitoring of brain oxygen by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to minimize the burden of hyperoxia and hypoxemia; with a better understanding of cerebral autoregulation, integrating NIRS and pulse oximetry for titrating inspired oxygen in preterm infants is a novel approach.MethodsWe studied the impact of integrated monitoring of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and cerebral regional tissue oxygen (crRTO) by NIRS during a stepwise oxygen reduction test (ORT) on reducing oxygen requirement in preterm infants with HRF. The correlation between SpO2 with crRTO, and fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) was assessed, concordance levels (r > 0.5) were determined during the assessment period and were considered as a sign of impaired autoregulation. The primary outcome was the achievement of significantly lower FiO2 at 72 h after the start of the integrated monitoring.ResultsA total of 38 preterm infants were included, 27 had normal cerebral autoregulation (CAR) (Group 1) in whom SpO2 was poorly correlating with crRTO with (r < 0.5) and had a significantly greater percentage of reduction below baseline in FiO2 (mean: 34%). Eleven infants had impaired CAR (Group 2) with SpO2 significantly correlating with crRTO (r > 0.5) and had a linear trend of FOE inverse to SpO2 and crRTO; this was considered as an arterial saturation dependent oxygen delivery (SadDO2).ConclusionIntegrated monitoring of preterm infants by SpO2 and crRTO was associated with easier weaning of oxygen with less burden of both hyperoxia and hypoxemia.
Pharmacometric analyses of alectinib to facilitate approval of the optimal dose for the first‐line treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase–positive non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hsu Joy C. , Jaminion Felix , Guerini Elena , Balas Bogdana , Bordogna Walter , Morcos Peter N. , Frey Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlectinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor approved for treatment of ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models were developed for alectinib and its major active metabolite M4 using phase I/II PK data in crizotinib‐failed patients (N = 138). The PK profiles were best described by two separate models with similar structure for both entities: open one‐compartment models with sequential zero/first‐order input and first‐order elimination rate. Body weight with fixed allometric scaling factor on clearance and volume of both entities was the only significant covariate. Bayesian feedback analyses of the PK data collected from Japanese and global treatment‐naïve patients in phase III studies (N = 334) confirmed the body weight effect. Landmark Cox proportional hazards analyses of progression‐free survival in treatment‐naïve patients identified the average molar concentrations of both entities alectinib and M4 during the first 6 weeks of treatment as a significant covariate, with an optimal response achieved for concentrations above 1040 nmol/L. With 600 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), 92% of global patients are above this threshold concentration, compared with only 43% of patients with 300 mg b.i.d. In Japan, where the body weight distribution is lower, the approved 300 mg b.i.d. dose brings about 70% of Japanese patients above this threshold. Logistic regression analyses found no significant relationship between the combined alectinib–M4 molar concentration and first occurrence of adverse events. These pharmacometric results were used to expedite and facilitate regulatory approvals of 600 mg b.i.d. for first‐line ALK‐positive NSCLC in the United States and European Union in 2017 and in China in 2018.
Design of a 3D ray‐tracing model based on digital elevation model for comprehension of large‐ and small‐scale propagation phenomena over the Martian surface
Authors: Bonafini Stefano , Sacchi Claudio 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe aim of the scientific community, towards the investigation of solutions able to favor a futuristic human settlement on Mars, also concerns ad hoc communication systems and wireless networks to be deployed over the “Red planet.” However, the state‐of‐the‐art appears to be missing of realistic and replicable models for understanding the radio propagation over precise Martian locations. This means that performing solid simulations, rather than roughly approximated ones, is really a tough task. Thus, this paper describes the design of a 3D ray‐tracing simulator based on high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for the evaluation of Martian large‐scale and small‐scale phenomena in the S and EHF bands. First, by taking advantage of the Cole–Cole equations, we computed the complex permittivity of the JSC Mars‐1 Martian regolith simulant. Then, we developed a 3D tile‐based structure of the Gale crater, thanks to its DEM, and finally, we implemented a ray‐tracing algorithm for outdoor environments able to trace the line of sight (LOS), the first and second reflections of a radio frequency (RF) signal between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) over the 3D structure. The results focus on estimating path losses, shadowing values, outage probability, and on the parametrization of multipath channels for selected areas and subareas, presenting heavily different morphological features, of the Gale crater. Moreover, some brief considerations about dust storms and atmosphere harmful effects on propagation will be drawn.
Interface‐Dominated Topological Transport in Nanograined Bulk Bi2Te3
Authors: Izadi Sepideh , Han Jeong Woo , Salloum Sarah , Wolff Ulrike , Schnatmann Lauritz , Asaithambi Aswin , Matschy Sebastian , Schlörb Heike , Reith Heiko , Perez Nicolas , Nielsch Kornelius , Schulz Stephan , Mittendorff Martin , Schierning Gabi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract3D topological insulators (TI) host surface carriers with extremely high mobility. However, their transport properties are typically dominated by bulk carriers that outnumber the surface carriers by orders of magnitude. A strategy is herein presented to overcome the problem of bulk carrier domination by using 3D TI nanoparticles, which are compacted by hot pressing to macroscopic nanograined bulk samples. Bi2Te3 nanoparticles well known for their excellent thermoelectric and 3D TI properties serve as the model system. As key enabler for this approach, a specific synthesis is applied that creates nanoparticles with a low level of impurities and surface contamination. The compacted nanograined bulk contains a high number of interfaces and grain boundaries. Here it is shown that these samples exhibit metallic‐like electrical transport properties and a distinct weak antilocalization. A downward trend in the electrical resistivity at temperatures below 5 K is attributed to an increase in the coherence length by applying the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model. THz time‐domain spectroscopy reveals a dominance of the surface transport at low frequencies with a mobility of above 103 cm2 V−1 s−1 even at room temperature. These findings clearly demonstrate that nanograined bulk Bi2Te3 features surface carrier properties that are of importance for technical applications.
Sustainable Silk‐Derived Multimode Carbon Dots
Authors: Li Shuo , Wang Huimin , Lu Haojie , Liang Xiaoping , Wang Haomin , Zhang Mingchao , Xia Kailun , Yin Zhe , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xingcai , Zhang Yingying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are widely studied for years due to their unique luminescent properties and potential applications in many fields. However, aggregation‐caused quenching, monotonous emission modes, and unsustainable preparation impose restrictions on their performance and practical applications. Here, this work reports the facile synthesis of sustainable silk‐derived multimode emitting CDs with dispersed‐state fluorescence (DSF), aggregation‐induced fluorescence (AIF), and aggregation‐induced room temperature phosphorescence (AIRTP) through radiating sericin proteins in a household microwave oven (800 W, 2.5 min). The structure, luminescent properties, and the mechanism are investigated and discussed. The sericin‐derived CDs have graphitized cores and heteroatom‐cluster‐rich surfaces. The DSF corresponds to the graphitized cores and the AIF origins from the aggregation‐induced abundant orbital energy levels on the heteroatom‐cluster‐rich surfaces. The presence of abundant hydrogen bonds and small gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states induces AIRTP. Finally, based on the unique multimode emission of the prepared CDs, their applications in high‐performance white‐light‐emitting diode, information encryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and visual humidity sensors are demonstrated.
Zero‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Copper‐Based Halides with Highly Efficient Orange–Red Emission
Authors: Fang Shaofan , Li Henan , Xie Yuelin , Li Huixia , Wang Ye , Shi Yumeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLead‐free metal halides are promising luminescent materials with low non‐toxicity, tunable emission, and high luminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The development of red light‐emitting materials with high PLQY to meet the color coordinate requirements for light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting and wide color gamut displays remains a major scientific challenge. Herein, novel lead‐free copper‐based halide materials are reported. PEA4Cu4I4 is an efficient orange–red broad emission with a highest PLQY of 73.6%. All three materials, namely, those of ((R)‐(+)‐α‐PEA)4Cu4I4, ((S)‐(–)‐α‐PEA)4Cu4I4, and (β‐PEA)4Cu4I4 with zero‐dimensional structures have large exciton binding energies and Huang–Rhys factors, thus causing efficient self‐trapped exciton emissions. A prototypical orange–red LED device is fabricated successfully that demonstrates the potential of copper‐based halide materials in lighting and display applications.
Innovative Radwegbrücke bei Nürnberg
Authors: Mansperger Tobias , Burgard Stefan , Hofmann Max 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBei Nürnberg entsteht mit dem Bauwerk 396b eine innovative Radwegbrücke über der BAB A 3, die höchsten gestalterischen Ansprüchen genügt und bei der mehrere innovative Technologien Anwendung finden. Die Brücke wurde entsprechend den Vorgaben des Gestaltungshandbuchs der A 3 für den sechsstreifigen Ausbau zwischen Nürnberg und Würzburg als sogenanntes Typ‐2‐Bauwerk entworfen. Dieser Bauwerkstyp wurde bereits beim benachbarten BW 400c erprobt, der mit einer Auszeichnung beim Deutschen Brückenbaupreis 2020 versehen wurde. Das integrale Rahmenbauwerk mit bogenartig aufgelösten Rahmenecken erhält eine Orthoverbundfahrbahnplatte mit Verbunddübelleisten als Verbundmittel. Als nicht metallische Bewehrung der Fahrbahnplatte kommen Basaltfaserstäbe der Firma DBS zum Einsatz.