bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ewolucja regulacji prawnych dotyczących obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej oraz jej praktyczne zastosowanie na przykładzie projektów uchwałodawczych zaproponowanych przez mieszkańców Łodzi
Authors: Niewiadomska-Cudak Małgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest problemowi obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej. Przedmiotem podjętych rozważań jest dokonanie analizy obowiązujących uregulowań prawnych dotyczących obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej. W artykule omówiono prace nad zmianami w polskim prawodawstwie, mające na celu ułatwienie w korzystaniu z tej formy aktywności społecznej. Na przykładzie Łodzi zaprezentowano aktywność obywateli w zakresie wnoszenia obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej tuż przed, jak i po zmianie przepisów. Tym samym przeanalizowano trafność i zupełność rozwiązań legislacyjnych w kontekście praktycznym.
Artykuł jest także odpowiedzią na pytanie, czy uregulowanie obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej w przepisach ustawowych rozwiązało dylematy prawne w tym zakresie. Uwzględnienie obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej w ustawach samorządowych to pierwszy krok w kierunku urzeczywistnienia fazy inicjatorskiej tworzenia przez mieszkańców lokalnego prawa, ale nie jedyny, który należy podjąć, aby owa instytucja zaistniała w świadomości mieszkańców.
ГОРОДСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО КАК СЕМИОТИКО-МИФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОНСТРУКТ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ: МИФОЛОГИИ НОВОКУЗНЕЦКА
Authors: Пискунова Александра Евгеньевна 
Published: April 2021

Актуальность исследования определена устойчивым интересом социально-гуманитарных наук к пониманию пространственного измерения городской жизни, реабилитацией мифического как значимой культурной реалии современности, а также необходимостью понимания практических проблем восприятия городского пространства, характерных для конкретных российских городов. Цель работы: выявить мифы и мифологии, которые определяют (ментальную) организацию восприятия пространства города. Методика: теоретико-методологической основой выступают феноменолого-когнитивный подход к пониманию образа городского пространства, а также семиотические и психоаналитические интерпретации мифа. Увиденное в реляционной перспективе пространство города рассматривается через когнитивно-семантические структуры, обуславливающие избирательность процесса восприятия. В рамках исследования проведен анализ интервью (собранных автором в апреле–августе 2019 г.) с жителями Новокузнецка (Кемеровская область), который позволил описать ключевые мифологии восприятия как содержания, возникающие в результате мифологизации городского пространства. Результаты. Показаны значение и роль мифологий восприятия для формирования классификационной модели пространственных явлений городской действительности. Формируемый человеческим восприятием образ пространства города определен как смысловая конструкция, отвечающая системе интерсубъективных значений и интрасубъективных смыслов городской картины мира. Полученные результаты позволили увидеть не только континуум актуальных мифологических представлений о пространстве Новокузнецка, но и идентифицировать, какое значение имеют пространственные содержания городской жизни для конституции социально-культурных действительностей. Выявлено, что мифотворческая активность субъектов городской жизни обнаруживается как стремление к миропорядку, которое отвечает базовой человеческой потребности в стабильности и гармонии.
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Development of an Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Suarez-Rivera Guiovanny , Muñoz-Ceballos Nelson David , Vásquez-Carvajal Henry Mauricio 
Published: April 2021

Classical modeling and control methods applied to differential locomotion mobile robots generate mathematical equations that approximate the dynamics of the system and work relatively well when the system is linear in a specific range. However, they may have low accuracy when there are many variations of the dynamics over time or disturbances occur. To solve this problem, we used a recursive least squares (RLS) method that uses a discrete-time structure first-order autoregressive model with exogenous variable (ARX). We design and modify PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers in phase margin and pole allocation. The main contribution of this methodology is that it allows the permanent and online update of the robot model and the parameters of the adaptive self-adjusting PID controllers. In addition, a Lyapunov stability analysis technique was implemented for path and trajectory tracking control, this makes the errors generated in the positioning and orientation of the robot when performing a given task tend asymptotically to zero. The performance of the PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers is measured through the implementation of the criteria of the integral of the error, which allows to determine the controller of best performance, being in this case, the PID adaptive self-adjusting type in pole assignment, allowing the mobile robot greater precision in tracking the trajectories and paths assigned, as well as less mechanical and energy wear, due to its smooth and precise movements.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DISERTAI VIDEO BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI SMA
Authors: Andriani Khantika , Subiki Subiki , Supriadi Bambang 
Published: April 2021

This research aims: (1) to examine the influence of problem based learning models along with contextual-based videos on the learning outcomes of students in physics learning in sma (2) examining the influence of problem based learning models along with contextual-based videos on the science process skills of students in high school learning. The research model used is true experiment with posttest only control design research design. The research samples used are class X IPA 2 (experiment class) and X IPA 1 (control class) of Tamanan State High School. Data obtained include posttest results and science process skills scores. The data is analyzed with statistics consisting of homogeneity tests, normality tests, and independent sample t-test tests. From an independent sample t-test analysis obtained significantly (sig2-tailed) by 0,000 (0.000 ≤ 0.05), it can be concluded Ho was rejected and Ha accepted that there was a difference in the learning outcomes of the experiment class students better than the control class. This can be seen from the average posttest score of the experiment class of 72.48 while the average posttest value of the control class is 48.87. Based on the results of analysis of science process skills students through two experiments obtained scores in a row of 76.61 and 77.42 in the excellent category. Thus the problem based learning model accompanied by contextual-based video affects the learning outcomes and science process skills of students in high school.
Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Contextual Video, Physics Learning
SIMULASI ENERGI IKAT DAN ENERGI DISINTEGRASI PELURUHAN UNSUR RADIOAKTIF DERET AKTINIUM BERDASARKAN MODEL INTI TETESAN CAIRAN (TELAAH KLASIK)
Authors: Putri Maharani Karunia , Lesmono Albertus Djoko , Harijanto Alex 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to make simulation with Matlab application to calculate the binding energy and disintegration energy of Actinium series based of liquid drop model approach. This research is experimental description. The steps: 1) prepare literature studies of elements in the radioactive process; 2) reviewing some literatures; 3) do calculation simulation; 4) analyze and discuss the results of calculations; 5) conclude the research results. The calculation results show that the binding energy value of the Actinium Series based of liquid drop model approach is in accordance with the theory where the binding energy is directly proportional to the mass and the number of particles, so that the binding energy decreases in linear graph. The largest binding energy owned by 92U235 element is 1786,751 MeV. While the smallest binding energy owned by the 81Tl20 element is 1616,311 MeV. The disintegration energy found in the radioactive actinium series has a positive value, so this is in accordance with the conditions for the occurrence of decay, which is Q> 0. The largest disintegration energy produced from alpha decay by element 91Pa231 is 4.9335 MeV and the smallest binding energy generated from beta decay by the element 90Th231 is 0,0018 MeV.

Key Word: Disintegration Energy, Binding Energy, Liquid Drop Model Approach.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN UNDER INDONESIA’S PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS (PTAs)
Authors: Widiatedja I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit 
Published: April 2021

<p>International trade has resulted positive impacts, such as alleviating poverty and increasing jobs. All countries then start concluding trade agreements multilaterally, regionally and bilaterally. The existence of preferential trade agreements is increasingly significant due to the deadlock of multilateral trade agreements. Although providing benefits, international trade has adversely affected environment. Some international treaties suggest how countries should include environmental concern in their PTAs. Unlike traditional PTAs, most of modern PTAs have incorporated environmental concern, reconciling the goal of trade liberalization and environmental protection. In Indonesia, there is a link between international trade and environmental harm. This article aims to show the existing Indonesia’s PTAs, analysing how Indonesia has put, and how it should put environmental concern in its PTAs. This article argues that only a few Indonesia’s PTAs have incorporated environmental concern in their provisions. Moreover, when they include environmental concern, there is no further elaboration on how this process should be undertaken. Compare to other existing PTAs, Indonesia should start incorporating environmental concern in its PTAs, and then allow the right of government to impose protective measure in order to preserve environment. </p>
COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN: AN EFFORT OF HANDLING AND LEGAL PROTECTION
Authors: Rahayu Devi , Fatoni Syamsul 
Published: April 2021

<p>This article examines efforts to protect and deal with government, law enforcement agencies and assistants or NGOs in preventing and eradicating commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). In Indonesia there are many child trafficking in border areas and cities like Surabaya, which are identified as sending, transit and destination cities. The research type used is the juridical empirical study namely the effectiveness research of regulations enforcement on child protection. Primary data obtained from experience experienced by children and the family, law enforcement, government and companion Non Governmental Organization (NGO). Data collection techniques carried out by the interview method and FGD. The results showed that the commercial sexual exploitation of children is an act of human trafficking because the purpose of sexual action is to obtain money or other goods with the children, sex service users, liaison and related parties. The highest educated victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) are high school and are in an economically inadequate condition, broken home, and the influence of uncontrolled social media.</p><p> </p>
ACHIEVING OF INCOME TAX WITH AWARENESS OF TAXATION IN INDONESIA'S TAX LAW SYSTEM
Authors: Anggia Putri 
Published: April 2021

<em>The journey of Indonesian taxation is full of dynamics in order to get the State's revenue target as the main source of the country's economy. Furthermore fulfillment of the country's income depends on ongoing policies. However Indonesian people does not found a point that the obligation to pay taxes is a form of voluntary awareness as citizens. This was captured by the Government as one of the points that must be observed and acted upon. The Minister of Finance Decree Number 36 / KMK.01 / 2014 concerning the Blueprint of the Ministry of Finance's Transformation Program for 2014-2025 provides space to take several steps in an effort to increase understanding of tax awareness through education. This study aims to examine in depth about tax education in the tax law system in Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is literature study that the data collection techniques, and library research aim to examine primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The library materials are summarized and analyzed. This research found an assertive concept that was applied massively, consistently, and could be accepted by every society in order to succeed the goal of achieving tax awareness. It is tax compliance.</em>
A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF AMNESTY APPLICATION FOR BAIQ NURIL MAKNUN IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDONESIA
Authors: Manthovani Reda , Tejomurti Kukuh 
Published: April 2021

<p>The Supreme Court has rejected a petition for case review from Baiq Nuril Maknun, a West Nusa Tenggara woman who was convicted of defamation against her alleged sexual harasser. Justices Margono, Desniyati and Suhadi rejected Nuril’s challenge against the Supreme Court's decision in September 2018, which found Nuril guilty of violating Article 27 of the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law and sentenced her to six months in prison and a fine of Rp 500 million (US$34,644). The defamation case has been criticized for using the controversial law to incriminate an alleged victim of sexual harassment, when the Mataram Education Agency reported Nuril for recording the phone call.This research is prescriptive normative research namely, legal research that takes legal issues as a norm system used to provide prescriptive justifications about a legal event. From Nuril’s case we can see the laws are sorely inadequate, case in point the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), that got her into trouble. It’s so rubbery, it can be interpreted any way anyone wants. Amnesty should be given to Baiq Nuril Maknun because amnesty is the authority of the President for the interests of the state, in this case human rights and citizens' rights to get legal protection and free from discrimination and Law Number 11 <em>Drt</em> In 1954, yet it contradicted the constitution in cases and institutions, because Article 14 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia had no case restrictions in granting amnesty and was carried out with consideration of the People’s Representative Council of The Republic of Indonesia.</p>
BAPETEN SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY IN THE PROCEDURE OF TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE THROUGH THE SEA
Authors: Hadiyantina Shinta , Cahyandari Dewi , Puspitawati Dhiana 
Published: April 2021

<em>One important thing that must be considered in the use of nuclear and other radioactive materials is the process of transporting radioactive substances through the sea. This paper will analyze the optimization of the supervisory authority of BAPETEN in the transportation of radioactive substances, especially in the process of transporting radioactive substances by sea. Option to choose the sea because most of Indonesia's territory is the sea. If it has the authority, Bapeten's supervisory authority will then be analyzed in the process of transporting radioactive substances via the sea lane. Recommendations from this article are a form of juridical liability if an error occurs, which causes a loss in the process of transporting radioactive substances by sea. Because the process of transporting radioactive substances is essential in preventing the occurrence of radiation, the regulatory authority in the transportation process must be regulated in detail based on the precautionary principle, as well as the form of juridical accountability.</em>
ASSESSING THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT CONSISTENCY IN DETERMINING ITS AUTHORITY TO SETTLE DISPUTE ON REGIONAL HEAD ELECTION
Authors: Omara Andy 
Published: April 2021

<p><em>This study aims to answer three important questions: first, how the 1945 Constitution regulate the authority of the Constitutional Court in resolving dispute on general election as stated in Article 22 E and the regional head election as stipulated in Article 18. Second, how the Constitutional Court, through its rulings, interpret its authority to settle dispute on general election and regional head election. Third, why, in different period, there is a tendency that the Court provide different interpretation regarding its authority to resolve dispute on general election and regional head election. To answer these three questions, this study utilizes doctrinal approach. It analyses the relevant laws and regulation and also the relevant Court rulings. This study concludes that (1) the 1945 Constitution expressly differentiate between regional head election and general election. However, (2) the Court provide different interpretation on determining the nature of regional head election specifically on whether such an election include in the category of general election or it is a distinct election. (3) There are two main factors that may explain why the Court provide different explanation regarding its power to settle dispute on the regional head election and general election. </em></p>
Smoking Habits and the Influence of War on Cigarette and Shisha Smoking in Syria
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Alhalabi Mohammad M , Alyousbashi Ayham , Ghareeb Ayham , Hamid Laura , Al-Tammemi Ala’a B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for various preventable medical conditions. Our present study aimed at assessing Shisha and cigarette smoking in a sample of the Syrian population as well as assessing the interactions between smoking status and various war-related and sociodemographic variables.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2019 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey questionnaire solicited data on sociodemographic profile, medical history, smoking status and patterns along with some war-related impacts. Results: The sample comprised of 987 participants and had a mean age of 24.69 years. Around two-thirds of the overall cohort were females. Concerning smoking, a total of 371 participants (37.9%) were identified to be smokers, of whom 211, 84, 76 were exclusive shisha smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, and dual smokers, respectively. Cigarette and shisha smoking was more common in males with p<0.0001. Males also smoked cigarettes and shisha daily, and in larger quantities than females p<0.05, while females were found to be more social smokers. Although cigarette smoking was more prevalent in older ages, shisha use was more prominent in younger ages. Losing someone close due to war was associated with smoking cigarettes p=0.002, and smoking in general p<0.001Conclusions: In our study, males tend to smoke more and be heavier smokers than females while females smoked shisha more frequently and socially. War and peer pressure were among the major contributors to smoking. Policies should aim to target young adults as shisha is becoming more popular among them.
Effect of types of placenta previa on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A 10-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bi Shilei , Zhang Lizi , Wang Zhijian , Chen Jingsi , Tang Jingman , Gong Jingjin , Xie Sushan , Tan Hu , Lin Lin , Ren Luwen , Zeng Shanshan , Huang Lijun , Wang Shaoshuai , Du Lili , Chen Dunjin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Through this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of placenta previa (PP) on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This study was conducted in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Tongji Hospital between January 2009 and 2019. PP was traditionally classified into four types, namely low-lying placenta, marginal, partial, and complete PP. Previous studies have classified PP into two types, namely low-lying placenta and PP. Based on our clinical experience, we proposed the classification of PP into three types, for the first time, which included low-lying placenta, “marpartial” (marginal and partial) PP, and complete PP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of different types of PP on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Results: In total, 4490 singleton pregnancies were complicated with PP. In the four-classification method, compared with women with low-lying placenta, women with complete PP had a risk of placenta accrete spectrum disorders, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), hemorrhagic shock, severe PPH, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, puerperal infection, preterm labor, NICU admission, and low birth weight. There was no difference in maternal and neonatal outcomes between marginal and partial PP, except for increased chances of preterm labor and low birth weight in partial PP. In the two-classification method, PP was the risk factor for most of the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, compared with low-lying placenta.Conclusion: Complete PP and low-lying placenta were associated with the highest and lowest risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, respectively, whereas clinically similar outcomes were observed between marginal and partial PP. The three-classification of PP may be practical from the clinical perspective.
Fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with unidirectional liquid penetration for personal thermal management applications
Authors: chen Yongfang , Gu Bin , Li Yuqi , Yang Dongya , Qiu Fengxian , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Controllable and reliable fabrication of wearable materials with tunable structures and integrated functionalities are urgently required for personal thermal management. Herein, this highlight presents the fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with infrared insulation, antibacterial and unidirectional liquid penetration properties via orderly vacuum filtration of hydrophobic cellulose, hydrophilic cellulose and ultra-long MnO2 nanowires coated with silver (MnO2 nanowires@Ag). To do this, hydrophobic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by surface modification with silane coupling agent (A151), while hydrophilic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by HNO3 treatment. Silver coated MnO2 nanowires, as the building blocks of laminated membranes, were prepared by magnetron sputtering of silver nanoparticles onto the surfaces of MnO2 nanowires. The characterizations indicated that silver nano coating with high infrared radiation reflectivity and excellent electrical conductivity were successfully fabricated onto MnO2 nanowires surfaces, resulting in infrared insulation properties of the laminated cellulose membranes. In addition, the laminated membranes exhibit excellent unidirectional liquid penetration properties that can enhance the wearing comfort for the laminated cellulose membranes. In the antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the laminated membranes exhibit large diameters of inhibition zones, revealing the high antibacterial activity. Moreover, excellent electrical conductivity of silver coating grants the superior Joule heating, generating rapid thermal response and uniform electrical heating at low supply voltage for extra warmth. These results indicate a promising potential of the laminated cellulose membranes for tackling personal thermal management issues related to wearable applications.