bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, on Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations in different onion cultivars
Authors: Ain Quratul , Mohsin Ata Ul , Naeem Muhammad , Shabbir Ghulam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the key pest of onions that causes economic yield losses in commercial onion production in Pakistan. In this study, potential of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as a bio agent was evaluated to manage buildup of thrips population on onion crop.

Results
Efficacy tests for EPF were conducted against T. tabaci infesting 3 different onion varieties (Phulkara, Swat 1, and Virio 7). Commercial formulations of B. bassiana strain GHA and M. anisopilae strain ESC-1, were evaluated at 4 different concentrations (108, 109, 1010, and 1011 conidia/ml) under field conditions for 2 years. The efficacy was assessed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after spray application of the whole onion plant. Efficacy expressed as T. tabaci (nymphs and adults) percent population reduction in comparison to controls. Maximum corrected percent population reduction was observed in onion plants treated with B. bassiana 1011 conidia/ml, i.e., 86.62, 84.59, and 86% in Phulkara, Swat 1, and Virio 7 onion varieties respectively, after 10 days of spray application. While onion plants treated with M. anisopliae 108 conidia/ml showed minimum corrected percent population reduction, i.e., 69.42, 68.45, and 69.11% in Phulkara, Swat 1, and Virio 7 onion varieties respectively, after 10 days of spray.

Conclusions
Beauveria bassiana could significantly reduce thrips population and could provide a better long-term management of T. tabaci on onion. B. bassiana had a high toxic effect against offspring production of the T. tabaci under field conditions than M. anisopliae.
A novel surgical rotation overlapping craniotomy technique for the management of non-syndromic anterior plagiocephaly
Authors: Rady Mohamed Reda , Elhassan Mamdouh Abo , Youssef Omar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Nonsyndromic anterior plagiocephaly is one of the most common types of craniosynostosis. Different surgical techniques to correct this deformity have been developed with dissatisfaction among many surgeons. In this study, we describe a novel surgical technique to manage this pathology. The inclusion criteria were patients presenting with non-syndromic anterior plagiocephaly below 1 year of age presenting to the Pediatric Hospital in the period between 2016 and 2019. Surgical time, blood loss, and complications were recorded. The follow-up period was at least 1 year postoperative, and cosmetic outcome satisfactory categories were reported.

Results
Seven patients were included in this study. No intraoperative complications were reported, and no blood replacement was needed in any of the patients. The parents of six patients were completely satisfied (85.7%) with the outcome and partially satisfied in 1 patient (14.3%).

Conclusion
The results of the described rotational overlapping flap technique are promising and can be considered one of the minimally invasive techniques for the correction of this pathology.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension with multiple cranial nerve palsies in 10 years old thin Sudanese boy: case report
Authors: Dafallah Mumen Abdalazim , Habour Elsanosi , Ragab Esraa Ahmed , Shouk Zahraa Mamoun , Izzadden Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare neurological disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by symptoms and signs of raise intra cranial pressure, normal brain neuroimaging, and high opening pressure ≥ 280 cm H2O in the presence of normal cerebro spinal fluid constituents.

Case presentation
Ten years old thin boy presented with severe throbbing headache, vomiting, and visual obscurations for a duration of 10 days. Physical examination revealed body mass index of 14.8, VI and VII cranial nerve palsies. Fudoscopy showed grade 4 papilledema; brain CT and MRI were normal. Lumbar puncture revealed pressure of 300 cm H2O with normal CSF constituents. He was treated with acetazolamide, methylprednisolone, and paracetamol.

Conclusion
Pediatricians need to be more aware of idiopathic intracranial hypertension as it can lead to permanent vision loss.
“If there’s no dill, the taste isn’t right!” A comparison of food plant knowledge between Polish and German descendants in the context of an imagined culinary community in Brazil
Authors: Ludwinsky Rafaela H. , Cavalhieri Amanda E. , Kujawska Monika , Peroni Nivaldo , Hanazaki Natalia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood is a cultural marker investigated by several fields of knowledge. The ecological approach to food plants used in human societies can give us insights into food biodiversity and its connection to cultural identity. In our work, we investigate plant knowledge as part of an imagined culinary community among Polish and German descendants in Santa Catarina, Brazil. We interviewed Polish and German descendants and used an ecological analytical approach to discuss patterns of known plants mediated by culture. One hundred years after immigration, we found that ethnic food-centered memories remain. Polish and German descendants share most resources cited, while the difference between plants’ use lies in the ethnic memories and food preparation. There is a tendency to acculturate ingredients and tastes by immigrants descendants, using native species to recreate dishes. This scenario, which joins native plants’ knowledge and ethnic memories, provides an excellent opportunity to maintain local biocultural diversity in urbanized environments.
Circulating value: convergences of datafication, financialization, and urbanization
Authors: Wagner Julia R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMuch scholarship has revealed the interrelationships of urbanization and financialization of cities in the past half century. However, these twin processes are modulating with the advent and application of digital platforms towards the production and experience of urban life. This paper demonstrates how the datafication process of platform urbanism and smart city projects is deeply intertwined with processes of financialization and urbanization. Though materially distinct, these processes converge over a shared purpose to instigate and accelerate the circulation of value in capitalist urban production. This paper examines the urban character of digital economic circulation and the increasingly financialized datafication of urban infrastructures. In foregrounding the circulation of value, datafication both conditions and is conditioned by financialization and urbanization.
A look behind the scenes: COVID-19 impact on depression and perceived stress of UAE population
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Al-Azzam Sayer , Alhusban Ahmed , Nuseir Khawla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is taking many lives every day. It affects literally all aspects of life and changes humanity communication tools, mobility, lifestyle, and feasibly their level of perceived stress and depression. The present study aims to investigate the psychological health status in terms of perceived stress and depression among the UAE population in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study in the UAE during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Validated assessment tools (PHQ-9 and PSS) were used to assess depression and perceived stress, respectively. Data were analyzed using categorical data and mean± SD for scores of perceived stress, and depression scales were calculated. The SPSS statistical software (version 24.0) was used for data analysis purposes.

Results
Our findings revealed that the pandemic has significantly influenced the daily routine and psychological health. Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 47.8% of the participants. A concerned percent of participants around 84% were anxious. Age, gender, school attendance, and the impact of the pandemic on work performance were the major factors of developing depression and perceived stress symptoms.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has a considerable negative psychological impact on the public in the UAE. The importance of the current study also came from the fact that only very few or no study has holistically evaluated the psychological state of the public during the lockdown in the UAE. The figures that reflect the depression and the perceived stress level among the public during the lockdown also struck our attention. Almost half of the participants in this study suffered from depression. Also, approximately 85% of the same were anxious during the lockdown. These figures should not be overlooked when further psychological assessment studies are conducted.
Endovascular management of middle cerebral artery aneurysms (single-center case series study)
Authors: Elian Mostafa Mohamed Mostafa , Issa Ahmed Sayed Ibrahim , Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed , Khalil Osama Abd El Wadood , Youssef Farouk Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms were usually subjected to treatment by surgery, while endovascular treatment (EVT) was performed only in chosen patients. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and durability in addition to the clinical outcome of EVT when it is regarded as the first-line treatment modality for MCA aneurysms.

Results
We recruited 30 patients with MCA aneurysms who underwent definitive management from July 2017 to July 2018. All those patients were treated endovascularly; 22 patients (73.3%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 8 patients (26.7%) had different presentations, including isolated headaches and seizures. EVT was performed for all patients and required the use of a balloon, stent, or double catheter techniques in 13 cases and flow diverter stents alone in two cases. Clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Angiographic follow-up was done by a conventional angiography at 6 months and after 1 year. EVT was efficiently conducted, leading to an outstanding accomplishment (mRS = 1–2) in 29 patients. However, one patient had a thromboembolic complication, followed by death after severe chest infection that was not related to the procedure. Immediate anatomical results included complete aneurysmal occlusion with the establishment of normal cerebral circulation. Angiographic follow-up revealed 24 unchanged occlusions and 5 cases with recanalization that required further treatment.

Conclusion
EVT of MCA aneurysms is a viable treatment option with positive outcomes in most cases. Nevertheless, the employment of long-term imaging follow-up is compulsory for validating such early results, often with respect to anatomical and functional stability.
An impact of nanocrystals on dissolution rate of Lercanidipine: Supersaturation and crystallization by addition of solvent to antisolvent
Authors: Gadhiya Dolly Tulsibhai , Patel Jayvadan K. , Bagada Arti Arjanbhai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNanocrystals of any drug are pure solid drug particles with a mean diameter in nanometer range. Dissolution is a crucial factor for absorption of medicine in case of water-insoluble or poorly soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to develop nanocrystals of a hydrophobic drug, Lercanidipine, by addition of solvent to an antisolvent with high-speed homogenization to achieve dissolution and solubility enhancement. Addition of organic solvent to antisolvent results in genesis of nanosized particles due to fast nucleation process and rapid mixing. The nanosuspension was formulated using PVP K30 as a stabilizer. Further, nanosuspensions were lyophilized to convert into solid nanocrystals using mannitol as a cryoprotectant. The developed nanosuspensions were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, saturation solubility, and in vitro dissolution studies. Lyophilized solid nanocrystals were characterized for FTIR, SEM, XRD, and zeta potential (ζ).ResultsCentral composite design was executed to study influence of amount of stabilizer and solvent to antisolvent ratio (independent variables) on particle size and % drug release at 10 min (dependent variables). The particle size of the developed Lercanidipine nanosuspensions were observed in the range of 302.00 ± 10.58 to 484.33 ± 6.51 nm measured by Zetatrac. A considerable increase was found in the solubility and dissolution rate of the nanocrystals as compared to pure drug. The drug release from Lercanidipine nanosuspensions was increased up to 88.95% within 10 min as compared to pure Lercanidipine which was only 21.53%. The X-ray diffraction study of lyophilized nanocrystals showed sharp and distinct peaks due to an increse in crystallinity of Lercanidipine Particle morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanoprecipitated particles with lyophilization in the presence of mannitol exhibited dendrite needle-like crystals.ConclusionThe nanocrystal development by antisolvent precipitation procedure using methanol as solvent, water as antisolvent, and low amounts of PVP K30 as stabilizer is a very promising and effective method to increase the dissolution rate of Lercanidipine.Graphical abstract
The effect of combination of functional and nonfunctional acrylic polymers on transdermal patches of : in vitro permeation, in vivo evaluation using biochemical parameters, and stability studies
Authors: Lal Niharika , Verma Navneet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
A double-layer transdermal drug-in-adhesive patch of carvedilol was developed using functional and nonfunctional grades of acrylic adhesives, DURO-TAK® 387-2051, DURO-TAK® 387-2510, and DURO-TAK® 87-4098. The patch was designed to provide adequate permeation of the drug up to 2 days, with effective adhesion attributes. An optimized formulation was selected, the effect of the combination was studied and a 180° peel strength test was performed to evaluate adhesive properties. Further, the patch was assessed for in vivo studies on basis of biochemical parameters, skin irritation, and stability studies. The stability study was carried out on optimized fresh (S1) and 6 months old patches stored at room, and accelerated condition (40 ± 2 °C/75 ± 5% RH) using FTIR, DSC, and SEM techniques.

Result
It was studied that the steady-state flux (Jss) or permeation rate of the drug through excised rat skin has relied on the nature of acrylic and the combination of acrylic polymers. The TDDS containing –OH functional group DT 387-2510 with nonfunctional pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) DT 87-4098, with Span 80 as penetration enhancer exhibited maximum flux (19.12 ± 0.64 μg/cm2/h) and form homogeneous and stable blends, controlling permeation of drug at a desired steady rate for 48 h. The data obtained from in vivo studies using biochemical parameters suggested that there were no statistical differences observed in results for the control and treated group while analyzing observations for serum creatinine, glucose test, sodium test, albumin, and potassium (p > 0.05). Also, the optimized formulation showed no sign of localized reactions and was confirmed by a skin histological study indicating the formulation was safe and compatible with the skin. A significant shift of peaks was not observed in FTIR spectra and DSC thermograms of the patches after the stability period.

Conclusion
The investigation reveals that the drug-in-adhesive patch of carvedilol, by a combination of functional and nonfunctional PSAs, provides a good and effective option for controlled delivery of carvedilol. From our findings, it has been concluded that drug in the adhesive patch has been able to provide satisfactory adhesion, drug uniformity, drug permeation, marked positive biochemical results, and good stability.
miR-221/222 sponge abrogates tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells through restoring the expression of ERα
Authors: Ouyang Yan Xiu , Feng Jun , Wang Zun , Zhang Guo Jun , Chen Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTamoxifen resistance (TamR) prevents ER-positive breast cancer patients from benefitting from endocrine therapy, and miR-221 or miR-222 plays vital roles in inducing TamR. In this study, we designed synthetic sponges to reverse TamR by targeting these two miRs. First, we established a tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cell line (MCF-7TamR), we verified the high expressing level of these two miRs in TamR cells. miR-221 or miR-222 inhibitors rendered MCF-7TamR cells responsive to tamoxifen. Next, we designed a miR-221/222 sponge, which contains total 8 multi-antisense binding sites (MBSs) for these two onco-miRs, and inserted it into CMV promoter- or hTERT promoter-driven expressing vectors. After transfected miR-221/222 sponge expressing vectors into MCF-7TamR cells, we identified a strong interaction between miR-221/222 sponge and endogenous miR-221 or miR-222 by RNA pulldown assay. We also found that miR-221/222 sponge restored the expression of ERα and PTEN, arrested cells in G1 phase, and finally resulted in reduced cell growth and cell migration. Notably, miR-221/222 sponge expressing cells abrogates tamoxifen resistance through restoring the expression of ERα, suggesting that miR-221/222 sponge gene therapy especially driven by tumor specific promoter could provide an effective therapeutic approach against TamR in breast cancer.
Candidate gene family-based and case-control studies of susceptibility to high Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in African children: a protocol
Authors: Nyangiri Oscar A. , Edwige Sokouri A. , Koffi Mathurin , Mewamba Estelle , Simo Gustave , Namulondo Joyce , Mulindwa Julius , Nassuuna Jacent , Elliott Alison , Karume Kévin , Mumba Dieudonne , Bucheton Bruno , Noyes Harry , Matovu Enock ,   TrypanoGEN+ Research Group of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: June 2021

Background: Approximately 25% of the risk of Schistosoma mansoni is associated with host genetic variation. We will test 24 candidate genes, mainly in the Th2 and Th17 pathways, for association with S. mansoni infection intensity in four African countries, using family based and case-control approaches. Methods: Children aged 5-15 years will be recruited in S. mansoni endemic areas of Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We will use family based (study 1) and case-control (study 2) designs. Study 1 will take place in Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the DRC. We aim to recruit 100 high worm burden families from each country except Uganda, where a previous study recruited at least 40 families. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children in each community with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) assay. Study 2 will take place in Uganda. We will recruit 500 children in a highly endemic community. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the CAA assay, while controls will be the 20% of infected children with the lightest worm burdens. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) will be genotyped on the Illumina H3Africa SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) chip and genotypes will be converted to sets of haplotypes that span the gene region for analysis. We have selected 24 genes for genotyping that are mainly in the Th2 and Th17 pathways and that have variants that have been demonstrated to be or could be associated with Schistosoma infection intensity. Analysis: In the family-based design, we will identify SNP haplotypes disproportionately transmitted to children with high worm burden. Case-control analysis will detect overrepresentation of haplotypes in extreme phenotypes with correction for relatedness by using whole genome principal components.
Public views of coronavirus science and scientists: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Taylor Michelle L. , Maude Ulrika , Yardley Lucy , Huxtable Richard , Stubbs Jo , Peters Tim J. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Throughout the coronavirus pandemic, references to scientific findings have permeated public-facing communications. Understanding how members of the public view science, scientists and scientific uncertainty should enhance approaches to communication and individuals’ decisions to engage with public health measures, including restrictions and vaccination programmes. Methods: A survey was conducted on our behalf by YouGov in November 2020. The survey asked about: level of public trust in scientists and scientific information; changes in trust between March and November 2020; views about communication of scientific uncertainty; confidence in the accuracy of scientific findings; and views about whether public information is an accurate representation of coronavirus science. Results: The sample comprised 2,025 individuals living in England; 40.5% were ≥55 years old, 51.1% were female, and 12.3% identified as members of an ethnic minority/mixed ethnicity. Here, we present descriptive statistics across six key variables: age, gender, ethnicity, keyworker status, shielding status, and coronavirus exposure. Trust was highest among older respondents and those who identified as of white ethnicity. The concurrent (November 2020) levels of reported trust in scientific information about coronavirus were generally lower than those reported retrospectively for the start of the pandemic (March 2020). There was higher trust and positivity about science among people who had been shielding and among those who had not contracted coronavirus. Around half of respondents did not think that the uncertainty in science was conveyed much or at all, most were confident in the accuracy of coronavirus science, and around half thought that public information was a true representation of the science. Conclusions: Our study indicates that there is room to improve trust and communication in science. As well as detailed analyses to account for inter-relationships, further research could examine reasons behind change in trust over time and any persisting patterns by age, ethnicity, and shielding status.