bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fiber surface grafting by functionalized carbon nanotubes on the interfacial durability during cryogenic testing and conditioning of CFRP composites
Authors: De Soubhik , Shivangi P.N. , Choudhury Saswat , Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Ray Bankim Chandra , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CE) composite is ideal for a cryogenic fuel storage tank in space applications due to its unmatched specific strength and modulus. In this article, inter‐laminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon fiber/epoxy (CE) composite is shown to be considerably improved by engineering the interface with carboxyl functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotube (FCNT) using electrophoretic deposition technique. FCNT deposited fibers from different bath concentrations (0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L) were used to fabricate the laminates, which were then tested at room (30°C) and in‐situ liquid nitrogen (LN) (−196°C) temperature as well as conditioning for different time durations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 6, and 12 h) followed by immediate RT testing to study the applicability of these engineered materials at the cryogenic environment. A maximum increment in ILSS was noticed at bath concentration of 0.5 g/L, which was ~21% and ~ 17% higher than neat composite at 30°C and − 196°C, respectively. Short‐term LN conditioning was found to be detrimental due to developed cryogenic shock, which was further found to be compensated by cryogenic interfacial clamping upon long‐term exposure.
The interpretation of human body in traditional Chinese medicine and its influence on the characteristics of TCM theory
Authors: Liu Shan , Zhu Jia‐Jie , Li Ji‐Cheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of serving the Chinese people's health since its birth, including playing an important role in treating and preventing COVID‐19 in 2020. The fact that TCM has been used in China for thousands of years shows the value and reason why it must exist. Although TCM has been or is being questioned, there is no doubt about its importance in terms of efficacy. This article focuses on how TCM understands the human body in comparison with anatomy knowledge in western medicine and discusses the development and advances of TCM in terms of the body view and the theory innovation. The purpose is to let foreign scholars get better understanding of TCM from this perspective.
Books, bones and bodies: The relevance of the history of anatomy in Nazi Germany for medical education today
Authors: Hildebrandt Sabine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe history of anatomy in Nazi Germany highlights the consequences to humanity when the destructive potentials immanent to all science and medicine are enabled by an anti‐democratic, totalitarian regime. Anatomy presents an example of ethical transgressions by scientists and health care professionals that were amplified in the criminal political climate of the Nazi regime. This can happen anywhere, as science is never apolitical. This article gives a short account of anatomy in Nazi Germany, which is followed by an outline of the tangible and intangible legacies from this history, to then discuss implications for anatomy education today. While Jewish and politically dissident anatomists were forced out of their positions and country by the Nazi regime, the majority of the remaining anatomists joined the Nazi party and used bodies of Nazi victims for education and research. Some anatomists even performed deadly human experiments. Patterns and legacies that emerge from this history can be traced into the present and concern research ethics in general and anatomical body procurement specifically. They shed light on current practices and controversies in the anatomical sciences, including anthropology. It will be argued here that the history of anatomy in Nazi Germany can inform current anatomy education in a concept of anatomy as the first “clinical discipline.” By integrating insights from the history of anatomy into the learning process, anatomy education can model an approach to medicine that includes a full appreciation of the shared humanity of medical practitioners and patients.
Der gebettete Spannbogen, ein neuartiger Ansatz für freitragende Gewölbebewehrung im Tunnelbau
Authors: Mähner Dietmar , Rudolf Sebastian , Lengers Jacob , Gesing Bernd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Beitrag befasst sich mit dem gebetteten Spannbogen, einer neuartigen Unterstützungskonstruktion zur Erstellung einer freitragenden Gewölbebewehrung für die Tunnelinnenschale im bergmännischen Tunnelbau. Dabei wird der üblicherweise verwendete Tragbogen durch einen Spannbogen ersetzt, welcher sich über Abstandhalter gegen die Tunnellaibung verspannt und somit planmäßige Druckkräfte auf das Abdichtungssystem bzw. den Spritzbeton als Abdichtungsträger überträgt. Im Wesentlichen resultieren diese Druckkräfte aus dem Vorspannen des Spannrings und dem Eigengewicht der angeknüpften Bewehrung. Die Größenordnung dieser Druckkräfte wurde bisher lediglich überschläglich abgeschätzt. Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen werden diese messtechnisch erfasst und hinsichtlich ihres Gefährdungspotenzials genauer beurteilt. Weiterhin wurden diverse Detailpunkte dieser Konstruktion im Labor untersucht.
Elastomere machen dicht
Authors: Bieringer Ruth 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungElastomere sind für Dichtungen die Werkstoffklasse der Wahl, denn sie verfügen über die erforderlichen Rückstellkräfte, die dafür sorgen, dass die Dichtung unter der Einwirkung äußerer Kräfte versucht, wieder in ihren Ausgangszustand zurückzukehren. Der unterschiedliche molekulare Aufbau der zahlreichen verschiedenen Kautschuktypen sorgt für die Eigenschaften des elastomeren Werkstoffs: Temperatur‐ und Medienbeständigkeit, Kälteflexibilität, mechanische Festigkeiten, Witterungs‐ und Ozonbeständigkeit und vieles mehr. Neben der molekularen Grundausstattung spielt in jedes Elastomer jedoch auch die Art der Vernetzung sowie seine spezifische Rezeptur mit ihren Zusatzstoffen und Additiven sowie die Verarbeitungstechnologie hinein. Um zu verstehen, warum welches Elastomer zu welcher Dichtungsanwendung passt, lohnt sich ein Blick auf die molekulare Ebene der Kautschuktypen und ihrer Vernetzungssysteme.
Catalytic [3+3] Annulation of β‐Ketoethers and Cyclopropenones via C(sp3)—O/C—C Bond Cleavage under Transition‐Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Bai Dachang , Chen Junyan , Zheng Bingbing , Li Xueyan , Chang Junbiao 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe efficient cleavage of carbon‐oxygen (C—O) bond is highly important for the transformation of oxygen‐rich biomass and industry chemicals. Herein, an efficient [3+3] annulation of β‐ketoethers with cyclopropenones in the presence of catalytic base has been developed, which proceeds through the C(sp3)—O bonds cleavage in β‐ketoethers and C—C bond cleavage in cyclopropenones under transition‐metal free conditions. The cleavage of C(sp3)—O bonds in alkyl alkyl ethers and aryl alkyl ethers was realized. The reaction featured excellent functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity, affording various 2‐pyrones in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and simple operation.
Effects of Conjugated Structure on the Magnesium Storage Performance of Dianhydrides
Authors: Yang Hongkai , Xu Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInorganic cathodes of rechargeable Mg batteries suffer from limited selections, while organic materials provide more options. Herein, three conjugated dianhydrides, pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride are comparatively investigated to elucidate the effects of conjugated structure on the Mg2+ storage performances. It is observed that the reversible Mg2+ storage capacity is more dependent on the conjugated structure than carbonyl numbers. Ex‐situ mechanism study illustrates that the extended conjugated structure delocalizes the electron density, hence enhancing carbonyl enolization and increasing the Mg2+ storage capacity. Furthermore, the largely conjugated structure buffers the charge density change during repeated magnesiation/demagnesiation resulting in better cyclability. Prominently, 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride shows a high Mg2+ storage capacity (160 mAh g−1) and a good cycling stability (80 % capacity retention after 100 cycles) with the largest conjugated structure. This work provides a low‐cost cathode for rechargeable Mg batteries that can be utilized for designing high‐performance organic Mg battery cathodes.
Medication Errors During Treatment with New Oral Anticancer Agents: Consequences for Clinical Practice Based on the AMBORA Study
Authors: Schlichtig Katja , Dürr Pauline , Dörje Frank , Fromm Martin F. 
Published: June 2021

Patients treated with oral anticancer agents (e.g., kinase inhibitors) are a high‐risk population for medication errors due to, for example, polymedication, age, and limited adherence. Systematic evaluations regarding frequencies and causes of medication errors and resulting harm are lacking. Our previously published multicenter randomized AMBORA trial revealed that an intensified support by clinical pharmacologists/pharmacists for patients and the treatment team considerably reduced drug‐related problems and improved patient‐reported outcomes. Using this database, we performed a comprehensive, additional analysis focusing on medication errors related to the patients’ complete medication with consideration of the antitumor agents, concomitantly administered drugs, and herb/food intake. Two hundred two patients starting a new oral anticancer drug regardless of the tumor entity were included. Clinical pharmacologists/pharmacists performed advanced medication reviews for 12 weeks. Medication errors were characterized regarding type, cause, patient harm, and the involved medicines. We detected 1.7 medication errors per patient (335/202). Of the medication errors (216/335), 64.5% occurred within the concomitant medication. Patients caused 28.4% of the medication errors. There were 67.8% detected immediately after the start of the new oral regimen, and 14.9% resulted in temporary harm. Drug‐drug or drug‐food interactions accounted for 24.8% of the medication errors. Patients and physicians need to be addressed in strategies for systematic reduction of medication errors during treatment with new oral antitumor drugs. Clinical decision support systems focusing on drug‐drug interactions capture only a minority of the medication errors. Specialists with expertise in clinical pharmacology/pharmacy should support both the treating physicians as well as the patients for improved patient safety.
Dislocation Etching Morphology on the A Plane of Sapphire Crystal
Authors: Cao Fuyang , Li Fei , Yuan Zhiyong , Zhang Lunyong , Jiang Sida , Shen Hongxian , Ning Zhiliang , Huang Yongjiang , Xing Dawei , Zuo Hongbo , Han Jiecai , Sun Jianfei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the dislocation etching pit morphology and etching kinetics on the A‐{110} plane of sapphire crystal (α‐Al2O3) are studied experimentally. The results show that the etch pit exhibits a subrhombic 3D morphology, which is consistent with the atom arrangement symmetry of the A plane. Further analysis shows that the two adjacent sides of the rhombic etch pits correspond to the directions [30] and [302], respectively; both of them are in the atomic close‐packing direction of A plane. The etch pits are controlled by a chemical reaction between Al2O3 and potassium hydroxide (KOH) with the reaction activation energy of 51.7 kJ mol−1, which is developed in a manner of kinematic wave by the step moving with a constant speed.
Intact funiculus in mature harvested seeds of field pea (Pisum sativum L.): preliminary investigation and possible implications
Authors: Lamichaney Amrit , Parihar Ashok K. , Dixit Girish P. , Singh Anil K. , Kumar Nitin , Revanasidda  , Singh Narendra P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA seed remains attached to mother plant through funiculus which is the only means of communication between seed and mother plant. In general, the funiculus is detached from seeds at maturity while harvesting and threshing. However, out of about 950 accessions of fieldpea (Pisum sativum) screened at ICAR‐Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, eight accessions were identified to have intact funiculus in matured and harvested seed. The role of intact funiculus after maturity and harvesting is not yet known. This article summarizes the results of a preliminary investigation on the effect of presence of funiculus on mature harvested seeds of fieldpea on water uptake, as the region underneath the funiculus (hilum–micropylar region) is known to be actively involved in water imbibition by seed. We also propose the possible implications (positive and negative) of incorporation of such trait in high yielding cultivars. The preliminary investigation suggested that the presence of funiculus in harvested seeds has a significant but negative role in rate of water uptake, as the seeds of all eight accessions imbibed more water when funiculus was removed. Such an effect on water uptake, which triggers many physiological metabolisms of dry seed, could have an effect on rate and final germination, dormancy, seed shattering, and cooking time. Also, such genotypes are expected to perform better under high initial moisture and/or flood situation like rice (Oryza sativa) fallows.
Improvement of key agronomical traits in soybean through genomic prediction of superior crosses
Authors: Jean Martine , Cober Elroy , O'Donoughue Louise , Rajcan Istvan , Belzile François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaximizing yield is very important when developing new cultivars. However, yield must usually be improved jointly with other key traits, which can prove challenging when they are unfavorably correlated. Genomic predictions can facilitate the selection of promising lines among the progeny of crosses, but it may also help in selecting crosses that are more likely to produce improved lines by predicting progeny performance for the various key traits considered jointly. To assess whether genomic predictions of cross performance could help breeders simultaneously improve multiple traits, yield and maturity were predicted for 60,000 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crosses. These predictions were then compared with the persistence of 101 biparental crosses throughout the selection process measured as the success in advancing progeny lines through to registration and commercialization. All but 2 of the 22 superior crosses retained by breeders had been predicted to display above‐average mean yield within different maturity windows. At the opposite end of the spectrum, 96.2% of all crosses predicted to produce progeny with a below‐average mean yield within a specific maturity window were eliminated during selection. Our results therefore suggest that by making crosses predicted to produce progeny meeting target requirements for multiple key traits, breeders could either achieve the same genetic gains with fewer resources or invest the same resources on a more promising set of crosses and thereby achieve greater gains.
Multi‐particle interaction in AC electric field driven by dielectrophoresis force
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Wu Zhihao , Wang Pengcheng , Zhou Teng , Shi Liuyong , Liu Zhenyu , Huang Jiaomei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen the dielectrophoresis technology is used to manipulate micron‐sized particles, the interaction between particles should not be ignored because of the particle‐particle interaction. Especially, when multiple particles (number of particles is above 2) are simultaneously manipulated, the interaction between neighboring particles will affect the results of the manipulation. This research investigates the interaction of particles caused dielectrophoresis effect by the Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) method based on the hypothesis of the thin layer of the electric double layer at the microscale. The mathematics model can be solved simultaneously by the finite element method for the AC electric field, the flow field around the suspended particles and the particle mechanics at the micrometer scale. In this study, the particle conductivity and the direction of the electric field are investigated, we find that particle conductivity and electric field direction pose an impact on particle movement, and the research reveal the law of microparticle dielectrophoresis movement, which could offer theoretical and technology support to profoundly understand the precise manipulation of particles in microfluidic chips by the dielectrophoresis effect.
Ignition temperature of combustible liquids in mixtures of air with nitrous oxide
Authors: Mitu Maria , Zakel Sabine , Brandes Elisabeth , Hirsch Werner 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWhile ignition temperatures in the air are well known for a large number of flammable substances and to a lesser extent in pure oxygen too, no such values exist for ignition temperatures in nitrous oxide in spite of the fact that nitrous oxide is used as oxidizer in combustion processes or aerosol propellant in industry. The ignition temperatures of some pure compounds have now been investigated in oxidizer mixtures of nitrous oxide and air with varying concentration of nitrous oxide up to 80 vol% using a slightly modified standardized apparatus. The ignition temperature increases with increasing nitrous oxide concentration. Up to 580°C, none of the investigated substances ignited in pure nitrous oxide.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: The effect of Spirulina sauce, as a functional food, on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic profile, and liver enzymes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
Authors: Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Samadi Mohammad , Davarpanah Hajar , Babajafari Siavash , Clark Cain C. T. , Ghaemfar Zohreh , Rezaiyan Mojtaba , Mosallanezhad Abdolhamid , Shafiee Maryam , Rostami Hosein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the effect of Spirulina on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic profile, and liver enzymes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind clinical trial was performed on 46 NAFLD patients. Subjects were allocated to consume either Spirulina sauce or placebo, each 20 g/day for 8 weeks. Fatty liver grade, liver enzymes, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and serum lipids, glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant capacity were assessed pre‐ and postintervention.ResultsFatty liver grade was significantly different between the two groups. A significant change for ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) was seen between the two groups (p = .03 and .02, respectively), while ALP (alkaline phosphatase) serum levels were not significantly different within or between groups. Pertaining to glycemic profile, all variables, except HOMA‐IR, were not significantly different within or between groups. Finally, statistically significant changes were seen in both MDA (malondialdehyde) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) among the groups (p = .04 and <.001, respectively).ConclusionsSpirulina may improve fatty liver grade by modifying liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and some lipid profiles; however, there was effect of Spirulina on anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure.
The association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and mediterranean diet with metabolic syndrome in a large sample of Iranian adults: YaHS and TAMYZ Studies
Authors: Hassani Zadeh Shirin , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin , Mirzaei Masoud , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDietary patterns are considered as a modifiable risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean (MED) dietary patterns and MetS. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on the data from recruitment phase of prospective studies on Iranian adults known as Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ). MetS was diagnosed among 2,221 adults based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The participants' dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. According to the predefined methods, DASH and MED scores were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship of DASH and MED dietary patterns with MetS. The prevalence of MetS was 28.8% in the present study. Women who were in the highest quintile of DASH in comparison with those who were in the first quintile tended to decrease the odds of MetS after adjusting for the potential confounders (OR: 0.50, CI: 0.27–0.95). There was a significant decreasing trend in the odds of MetS across increasing quintiles of the DASH in women (p‐trend = .006). Also, the highest adherence to DASH reduced the odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.34, CI: 0.15–0.77) in women. Although adherence to MED dietary pattern had no significant relationship with MetS, moderate adherence to this dietary pattern could decrease the odds of fasting blood glucose levels (OR: 0.57, CI: 0.33–0.97) and abdominal obesity (OR: 0.42, CI: 0.20–0.87) in women. We found evidence indicating a significant protective association between DASH and METs and its component in women. Hence, more prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings in other populations.
Inverse molecular docking reveals a novel function of thymol: Inhibition of fat deposition induced by high‐dose glucose in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ban Fangfang , Hu Liangbin , Zhou Xiao‐Hui , Zhao Yanyan , Mo Haizhen , Li Hongbo , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a natural product isolated from thyme oil in thyme, thymol (2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenol) harbors antiviral, antioxidant, and other properties, and thus could be potentially used for the treatment of various diseases. However, the function of thymol has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we applied an inverse molecular docking approach to identify unappreciated functions of thymol. Potential targets of thymol in humans were identified by the server of DRAR‐CPI, and targets of interest were then assessed by GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Subsequently, homologous proteins of these targets in Caenorhabditis elegans were identified by Blast tool, and their three‐dimensional structures were achieved using Swiss‐Model workspace. Interaction between thymol and the targeted proteins in worms was verified using AutoDock 4.0. Analyses of the targets revealed that thymol could be potentially involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation pathways. To verify the activity of thymol on lipid deposition in vivo, the C. elegans model was established. The lipid content of nematodes induced by high‐dose glucose was determined by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining, and gene expression was assessed by qRT‐PCR. The results showed that thymol might lead to the acceleration of β‐oxidation by upregulating cpt‐1, aco, fabp, and tph‐1, causing the descent of lipid content in nematodes. Our findings indicated that thymol could be potentially used for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases associated with increased fatty acid deposition.