bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative review: Risk of eating disorders and nutritional deficiencies with dietary therapies for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Simons Madison , Taft Tiffany H. , Doerfler Bethany , Ruddy Johannah S. , Bollipo Steven , Nightingale Scott , Siau Keith , van Tilburg Miranda A. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsDietary treatments are growing in popularity as interventions for chronic digestive conditions. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often change their eating behaviors to mitigate symptoms. This can occur under the direction of their physician, a dietitian, or be self‐directed. Poorly implemented and monitored diet treatments occur frequently with considerable risks for negative consequences. We aim to review the literature related to dietary treatments and risks associated with nutritional deficiencies and disordered eating.MethodsSearches were conducted from June to December 2020 on PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using relevant keywords based on the Patient, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome (PICO) format. Studies included both adult and pediatric populations. Results are synthesized into a narrative review.ResultsWhile dietary approaches are efficacious in many research studies, their translation to clinical practice has been less clear. Patients with IBS are at risk for nutritional deficiencies, disordered eating, increased anxiety, and decreases in quality of life in both adult and pediatric groups.ConclusionsPhysicians prescribing dietary treatment for IBS should be aware of nutritional and psychological risks and implement mitigation measures. These include using a combination of brief, validated questionnaires and clinical history, and collaboration with registered dietitians and/or psychologists. Recommendations for clinical decisions are provided.
Breaking boundaries: exploring short‐ and long‐distance mitochondrial signalling in plants
Authors: Welchen Elina , Gonzalez Daniel H. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCommunication of mitochondria with other cell compartments is essential for the coordination of cellular functions. Mitochondria send retrograde signals through metabolites, redox changes, direct organelle contacts and protein trafficking. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in animal systems, changes in mitochondrial function also trigger responses in other, either neighbouring or distantly located, cells. Although not clearly established, there are indications that this type of communication may also be operative in plants. Grafting experiments suggested that the translocation of entire mitochondria or submitochondrial vesicles between neighbouring cells is possible in plants, as already documented in animals. Changes in mitochondrial function also regulate cell‐to‐cell communication via plasmodesmata and may be transmitted over long distances through plant hormones acting as mitokines to relay mitochondrial signals to distant tissues. Long‐distance movement of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in crucial aspects of metabolism and retrograde signalling was also described. Finally, changes in mitochondrial reactive species (ROS) production may affect the ‘ROS wave’ that triggers systemic acquired acclimation throughout the plant. In this review, we summarise available evidence suggesting that mitochondria establish sophisticated communications not only within the cell but also with neighbouring cells and distant tissues to coordinate plant growth and stress responses in a cell nonautonomous manner.
The Phtheirospermum japonicum isopentenyltransferase PjIPT1a regulates host cytokinin responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Greifenhagen Anne , Braunstein Isabell , Pfannstiel Jens , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken , Schaller Andreas , Spallek Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Summary

The hemiparasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum (Phtheirospermum) is a nutritional specialist that supplements its nutrient requirements by parasitizing other plants through haustoria. During parasitism, the Phtheirospermum haustorium transfers hypertrophy‐inducing cytokinins (CKs) to the infected host root. The CK biosynthesis genes required for haustorium‐derived CKs and the induction of hypertrophy are still unknown.

We searched for haustorium‐expressed isopentenyltransferases (IPTs) that catalyze the first step of CK biosynthesis, confirmed the specific expression by in vivo imaging of a promoter‐reporter, and further analyzed the subcellular localization, the enzymatic function and contribution to inducing hypertrophy by studying CRISPR‐Cas9‐induced Phtheirospermum mutants.

PjIPT1a was expressed in intrusive cells of the haustorium close to the host vasculature. PjIPT1a and its closest homolog PjIPT1b located to the cytosol and showed IPT activity in vitro with differences in substrate specificity. Mutating PjIPT1a abolished parasite‐induced CK responses in the host. A homolog of PjIPT1a also was identified in the related weed Striga hermonthica.

With PjIPT1a, we identified the IPT enzyme that induces CK responses in Phtheirospermum japonicum‐infected Arabidopsis roots. We propose that PjIPT1a exemplifies how parasitism‐related functions evolve through gene duplications and neofunctionalization.
A natural single‐nucleotide polymorphism variant in sulfite reductase influences sulfur assimilation in maize
Authors: Jiang Luguang , Wang Yan , Xia Aiai , Wang Qi , Zhang Xiaolei , Jez Joseph M. , Li Zhen , Tan Weiming , He Yan 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Plants absorb sulfur from the environment and assimilate it into suitable forms for the biosynthesis of a broad range of molecules. Although the biochemical pathway of sulfur assimilation is known, how genetic differences contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation remains poorly understood.

Here, using a genome‐wide association study, we uncovered a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant in the sulfite reductase (SiR) gene that was significantly associated with SiR protein abundance in a maize natural association population. We also demonstrated that the synonymous C to G base change at SNP69 may repress translational activity by altering messenger RNA secondary structure, which leads to reduction in ZmSiR protein abundance and sulfur assimilation activity.

Population genetic analyses showed that the SNP69C allele was likely a variant occurring after the initial maize domestication and accumulated with the spread of maize cultivation from tropical to temperate regions.

This study provides the first evidence that genetic polymorphisms in the exon of ZmSiR could influence the protein abundance through a posttranscriptional mechanism and in part contribute to natural variation in sulfur assimilation. These findings provide a prospective target to improve maize varieties with proper sulfur nutrient levels assisted by molecular breeding and engineering.
PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport regulations in plant tropic responses
Authors: Han Huibin , Adamowski Maciek , Qi Linlin , Alotaibi Saqer S. , Friml Jiří 
Published: July 2021

SummaryTropisms, growth responses to environmental stimuli such as light or gravity, are spectacular examples of adaptive plant development. The plant hormone auxin serves as a major coordinative signal. The PIN auxin exporters, through their dynamic polar subcellular localizations, redirect auxin fluxes in response to environmental stimuli and the resulting auxin gradients across organs underlie differential cell elongation and bending. In this review, we discuss recent advances concerning regulations of PIN polarity during tropisms, focusing on PIN phosphorylation and trafficking. We also cover how environmental cues regulate PIN actions during tropisms, as well as the crucial role of auxin feedback on PIN polarity during bending termination. Finally, the interactions between different tropisms are reviewed to understand plant adaptive growth in the natural environment.
Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis
Authors: Miranda‐Rius Jaume , Brunet‐Llobet Lluís , Blanc Vanessa , Álvarez Gerard , Moncunill‐Mira Jordi , Mashala Elias I , Kasebele Yona , Masenga Gileard , Nadal Alfons , León Rubén 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status.Material and MethodsThirty‐six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data.ResultsThe greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra‐amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity may involve the feto‐placental unit, and that periodontitis may be a modulating factor of the microbial community present in this niche.
“I have learned my lesson”: How clients' trust betrayals shape the future ways in which street‐level bureaucrats cope with their clients
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan , Cohen Nissim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrust betrayal is a subjective feeling of a street‐level bureaucrat (SLB) that a client acted contrary to expectations, diminishing the former's belief in the latter's good intentions. How do SLBs experience a betrayal of trust by clients? How do such betrayals shape the future ways in which SLBs cope with clients? We investigate these questions empirically using semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews and focus groups with Israeli social service providers. The findings reveal four types of client trust betrayal: integrity‐based, previous impression‐based, legitimate behavior‐based, and category‐based. We identify five strategies SLBs employ to cope with clients following such betrayals. With specific clients who betrayed their trust, they adopt minimal, formal, and guarded behavior; they satisfy the client's demands; they sever the relationship with the client entirely. With future clients, they exhibit careful, less “naïve” behavior and adopt a boundary‐setting approach. The negative implications for public service delivery may be far‐reaching.
Discovery of proteinaceous moieties in Late Cretaceous dinosaur eggshell
Authors: Dhiman Harsha , Dutta Suryendu , Kumar Sumit , Verma Vishal , Prasad Guntupalli V. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe documentation of proteinaceous soft tissues in fossils from deep time remains controversial. Often this has been attributed to the laboratory or other modes of modern contamination. Here we provide incontrovertible evidence for the preservation of proteinaceous moieties in Maastrichtian dinosaur eggshell using pyrolysis‐GC×GC‐TOFMS. The presence of nitrogen‐bearing organic molecules along with diketodipyrrole suggests that the proteinaceous moieties can survive diagenesis. The preservation of these proteinaceous moieties has been attributed to deposition in a palustrine flat environment under subaerial conditions and entrapment of organic material by the eggshell calcitic units. The present study demonstrates that the preservation of nitrogen‐bearing macromolecules in Mesozoic fossil remains is not impossible provided that the depositional environments and diagenetic processes are propitious. The survival of nitrogen‐bearing macromolecules in deep time under subaerial depositional settings will open a new avenue of research on soft tissue preservation.
The Perceived Fairness of Active Representation: Evidence From a Survey Experiment
Authors: Van Ryzin Gregg G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepresentative bureaucracy has been investigated empirically and debated normatively, but there exists little evidence about how the general public views representative bureaucracy—especially the legitimacy of active representation. Using a survey experiment, this article explores people's fairness judgments of active representation in two important social and policy contexts: education and gender, and policing and race. Results from an online sample of U.S. adults show that, in the case of education, a female teacher helping a female student was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect mainly coming from the male respondents in the study. In the case of policing, a white officer acting favorably toward a white citizen was judged to be unfair, with the negative effect driven largely by black and Hispanic respondents in the study. Implications for representative bureaucracy theory and research, as well as policy and practice, are discussed.
An appraisal of the variable response of microalgal lipids to culture salinity
Authors: Cañavate José‐Pedro , Fernández‐Díaz Catalina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalinity is a basic factor in microalgal aquaculture production that is easier to manage than other external factors. Optimized use of salinity is key to achieving widespread microalgal production that is more sustainable by avoiding freshwater inputs. Since salinity influences the content of many high‐value lipid compounds in microalgae, assessing how the diverse plasticity of salt metabolism in numerous marine and freshwater microalgae is reflected in their broad lipid repertoire is an important issue that has yet to be addressed. Current studies indicate that a low phylogenetic diversity has been covered, as well as a high variability in the effects of salinity on some specific lipid types. In cultured marine microalgae, hypersalinity affects lipid profiles more than hyposalinity. Growth restriction due to salt stress represents an important interaction that reduces productivity and often masks the direct effects of salinity on total lipid and triglyceride contents. Sulpholipids and phosphatidylglycerol are the lipid classes whose changes are most related to salinity, while knowledge about the response of phospholipids, betaine lipids and sterols is incipient. Among saturated fatty acids, salinity induces greater interspecific variability in 14:0 in comparison with 16:0 and 18:0. Monounsaturated fatty acids change the most with salinity. 18‐C polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to increase with salinity in marine microalgae and to decrease in freshwater species. Growing euryhaline microalgae in brackish water is a sustainable and favourable option to produce a variety of lipids of interest, including 20‐C and 22‐C polyunsaturated fatty acids with maximum nutritional value.
Exchange rate pass‐through to import prices: Evidence from a heterogeneous panel of West African countries
Authors: Kinda Mohamed Tidjane , Barry Hamidou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) on the import prices of West African countries. We used a heterogeneous dynamic panel over the period 1991–2018 and estimated the ERPT using the pooled mean group, mean group, and augmented mean group. The results show that an exchange rate appreciation of 1% in the short term leads to a decrease in the price of imports by 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively, for the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries and those outside the WAEMU zone. However, considering other countries, we find that the ERPT has a long‐term effect and causes a rise in import prices of 0.83%. This effect depends on the level of inflation. Thus, the pass‐through effect appears to be heterogeneous across countries.
Analyzing spatial mobility patterns with time‐varying graphical lasso: Application to COVID‐19 spread
Authors: Degano Iván L. , Lotito Pablo A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work applies the time‐varying graphical lasso (TVGL) method, an extension of the traditional graphical lasso approach, to address learning time‐varying graphs from spatiotemporal measurements. Given georeferenced data, the TVGL method can estimate a time‐varying network where an edge represents a partial correlation between two nodes. To achieve this, we use a COVID‐19 data set from the Argentine province of Chaco. As an application, we use the estimated network to study the impact of COVID‐19 confinement measures and evaluate whether the measures produced the expected result.
Comparing the space‐time patterns of high‐risk areas in different waves of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Kan Zihan , Kwan Mei‐Po , Huang Jianwei , Wong Man Sing , Liu Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study compares the space‐time patterns and characteristics of high‐risk areas of COVID‐19 transmission in Hong Kong between January 23 and April 14 (the first and second waves) and between July 6 and August 29 (the third wave). Using space‐time scan statistics and the contact tracing data of individual confirmed cases, we detect the clusters of residences of, and places visited by, both imported and local cases. We also identify the built‐environment and demographic characteristics of the high‐risk areas during different waves of COVID‐19. We find considerable differences in the space‐time patterns and characteristics of high‐risk residential areas between waves. However, venues and buildings visited by the confirmed cases in different waves have similar characteristics. The results can inform policymakers to target mitigation measures in high‐risk areas and at vulnerable groups, and provide guidance to the public to avoid visiting and conducting activities at high‐risk places.
Impact of COVID‐19 and lockdown regarding blood transfusion
Authors: Delabranche Xavier , Kientz Daniel , Tacquard Charles , Bertrand Françoise , Roche Anne‐Claude , Tran Ba Loc Pierre , Humbrecht Catherine , Sirlin Florian , Pivot Xavier , Collange Olivier , Levy François , Oulehri Walid , Gachet Christian , Mertes Paul‐Michel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of a SARS‐CoV‐2 resulted in a massive afflux of patients in hospital and intensive care units with many challenges. Blood transfusion was one of them regarding both blood banks (safety, collection, and stocks) and consumption (usual care and unknown specific demand of COVID‐19 patients). The risk of mismatch was sufficient to plan blood transfusion restrictions if stocks became limited.Study design and methodsAnalyses of blood transfusion in a tertiary hospital and blood collection in the referring blood bank between February 24 and May 31, 2020.ResultsWithdrawal of elective surgery and non‐urgent care and admission of 2291 COVID‐19 patients reduced global activity by 33% but transfusion by 17% only. Only 237 (10.3) % of COVID‐19 patients required blood transfusion, including 45 (2.0%) with acute bleeding. Lockdown and cancellation of mobile collection resulted in an 11% reduction in blood donation compared to 2019. The ratio of reduction in blood transfusion to blood donation remained positive and stocks were slightly enhanced.DiscussionReduction of admissions due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic results only in a moderate decrease of blood transfusion. Incompressible blood transfusions concern urgent surgery, acute bleeding (including some patients with COVID‐19, especially under high anticoagulation), or are supportive for chemotherapy‐induced aplasia or chronic anemia. Lockdown results in a decrease of blood donation by cancellation of mobile donation but with little impact on a short period by mobilization of usual donors. No mismatch between demand and donation was evidenced and no planned restriction to blood transfusion was necessary.
Effect of environmental factors on rhizome bud germination and shoot emergence of invasive Imperata cylindrica
Authors: Hamidavi Haidar , Eslami Seyed Vahid , Jami‐Al‐Ahmadi Majid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImperata cylindrica causes severe damage to the date palm and sugarcane fields of Iran. As the aggressive and invasive nature of this species is chiefly attributed to its rhizomes, a better understanding of the effect of environmental factors on rhizome sprouting and emergence can be very helpful for its management. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of environmental factors on Imperata cylindrica rhizome sprouting and emergence. Imperata cylindrica rhizomes showed greater sprouting (82.5%) under a light/dark regime compared with only 10% sprouting in continuous darkness. Exposure to a range of salinity levels showed that I. cylindrica rhizome sprouting was greater than 50% at 6 dS/m but only reached 15% at 15 dS/m, indicating the sensitivity of I. cylindrica rhizomes to salinity stress at sprouting stage. Sprouting was greater than 50% up to −0.9 MPa osmotic potential and even approximately 5% of buds sprouted at −1.2 MPa. Experiments on soil water availability in the greenhouse also showed that I. cylindrica plants even survived irrigation intervals as long as 24 days, indicating I. cylindrica has a greater tolerance to drought stress conditions than many crop and weed species. The viability of rhizomes was significantly reduced when exposed to temperatures ≥40°C, although complete rhizome mortality required temperatures >80°C. No shoot emergence was observed from rhizomes buried at depths ≥20 cm, which suggests that mouldboard ploughing to bury the rhizomes at greater depths is required to prevent I. cylindrica emergence and growth. Based on these results, managing depth placement of I. cylindrica rhizomes so they are either near the soil surface or buried >20 cm deep may assist in controlling its spread.
Model Predictive Control of Melt Pool Size for the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Under Process Uncertainty
Authors: Xi Zhimin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is one of popular additive manufacturing techniques for building metal parts through the layer-by-layer melting and solidification process. To date, there are plenty of successful product prototypes manufactured by the LPBF process. However, the lack of confidence in its quality and long-term reliability could be one of the major reasons prevent the LPBF process from being widely adopted in industry. The existing LPBF process is an open loop control system with some in situ monitoring capability. Hence, manufacturing quality and long-term reliability of the part cannot be guaranteed if there is any disturbance during the process. Such limitation can be overcome if a feedback control system can be implemented. This article studies the control effectiveness of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and the model predictive control (MPC) for the LPBF process based on a physics-based machine learning model. The control objective is to maintain the melt pool width and depth at required level under process uncertainties from the powder and laser. A sampling-based dynamic control window approach is further proposed for MPC as a practical approach to approximate the optimal control actions within limited time constraint. Control effectiveness, pros, and cons of the PID control and the MPC for the LPBF process are investigated and compared through various control scenarios. It is demonstrated that the MPC is more effective than the PID control under the same conditions, but the MPC demands a valid digit twin of the LPBF process.