bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of water-fertiliser coupling on the photosynthesis and quality of Lycium barbarum based on predicted crop evapotranspiration (ETc)
Authors: Liang Yunfeng , Feng Dongpu , Sun Zhaojun , Ye Ping , Liang Shengfan , Shi Taiyue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLycium barbarum is an important economic crop in the arid region of Northwest China, and the regulation of irrigation and fertilisation is an important way to improve the quality and yield of Lycium barbarum. To explore the effects of water-fertiliser coupling on photosynthesis, quality and yield of Lycium barbarum under irrigation methods based on predicted crop evapotranspiration (ETc), ETc was calculated via reference evapotranspiration (ETo) predicted on the basis of public weather forecasts, and the irrigation water volume was determined as a proportion of this ETc. A field experiment was conducted via a completely randomised experimental design with five irrigation water volumes (W0 (100% ETc), W1 (90% ETc), W2 (80% ETc), W3 (70% ETc) and W4 (65% ETc)) and three fertiliser application rates (high fertiliser (FH), medium fertiliser (FM) and low fertiliser (FL)). The results revealed that the chlorophyll content, Gsw, Ci of Lycium barbarum leaves and 100-grain weight and yield of fresh fruit of Lycium barbarum increased with increasing irrigation, and the protein content, fat content, total sugar content and polysaccharide content in the dried fruits of Lycium barbarum first increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation under the same level of fertilisation, and the maximum value of these indexes reached 70% ETc − 100% ETc. At the same irrigation level, E, A, Gsw, Ci of Lycium barbarum leaves and protein content, fat content, total sugar content and polysaccharide content in the dried fruits of Lycium barbarum increased and then decreased with increasing of fertiliser application volume, and these indexes reached the maximum value at the fertiliser application rate of FM. A comprehensive evaluation based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the optimum treatment in both years was W0FM (irrigation level of 100% ETc, corresponding to irrigation water in the range of 254.2–309.4 mm, and fertiliser application of N-P2O5-K2O of 315-82-135 kg ha−1), which was significantly greater in 2021 (2022) than in the CK. E, A, Gsw and Ci of daily changes of Lycium barbarum leaves in the W0FM treatment in 2021 (2022) increased by 46.54% (31.53%), 7.08% (59.26%), 18.55% (10.74%) and 34.58% (29.81%), respectively. In 2021 (2022), W0FM treatment increased fat content, polysaccharide content, and betaine content of dried fruits of Lycium barbarum and the 100-grain weight and yield of fresh fruit by 2.88% (10.11%), 1.56% (10.02%), 8.37% (21.69%), 13.57% (24.81%) and 31.39% (71.50%), respectively. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficiency of Lycium barbarum in the field in the arid zone of Northwest China.
Uniform dipole resonance and suppressed quadrupole resonance for constant transmittivity full phase control plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Karmakar Subrata , Ringne Anil , Kumar Nirjhar , Krishnan Ananth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransmission-type plasmonic phase metasurfaces utilizing the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase require constant transmittivity with complete phase variation from 0 to 2$$\pi$$. Usually, this is achieved by rotating metallic nanoparticles in an otherwise uniform lattice arrangement. However, this rotation and the chosen lattice structure cause a significant change in the transmittivity, resulting in a lower intensity of light with certain phases and a higher intensity for other phases. Even though they are called full phase metasurfaces, their intensities can be near maximum or near minimum depending on the rotation and the lattice structure. We show that it is possible to achieve full phase constant transmittivity metasurfaces using the PB phase and the most elementary metallic anisotropic nanoparticles (elliptical) by inserting a thin metal sheet between the nanoparticles and the substrate. Without this metal sheet, while full phase control could be achieved by merely rotating the particles, the transmittivity varies by about 50% depending on the nanoparticles’ orientation. With the metal sheet, full phase control from 0-2$$\pi$$ with a transmittivity variation of only 13%, even in a square lattice, is demonstrated with simulations and experiments. We show that this is due to the annihilation of quadrupole resonances along with broader uniform dipole resonance in the case of the nanoparticles with the metal sheet below. We also show that precise phase control is possible by generating varieties of orbital angular momentum beams and complex beams in the visible spectrum using nanofabricated metasurfaces.
Infectious agent release and Pacific salmon exposure at Atlantic salmon farms revealed by environmental DNA
Authors: Bass Arthur L. , DiCicco Emiliano , Kaukinen Karia H. , Li Shaorong , Johnson Rick , Powell John , Isaac Victor , Dedeluk Nicola B. , Bateman Andrew W. , Miller Kristina M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe potential risk posed by infectious agents (IAs) associated with netpen aquaculture to wild fishes is determined based on the “release” of IAs from netpens into the environment, the “exposure” of the wild fish to those released agents, and the “consequence” for wild fish experiencing infection by those agents. Information available to characterize these three factors is often lacking, and the occurrence of transmission from aquaculture to wild fish as well as potential consequences of such transmission are difficult to observe. In this study, we utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) to characterize the release of dozens of IAs from, and exposure of Pacific salmon to, Atlantic salmon aquaculture. We combined these factors with the consequence of infection, as determined by the literature, to identify IAs that may pose a risk to wild salmon exposed to aquaculture in British Columbia, Canada. Over an 18-month period, eDNA samples were collected from seven active and four inactive netpen aquaculture sites in the Broughton Archipelago, BC. A meta-analytical mean across 22 IAs showed that the odds of IA detection at active sites was 4.3 (95% confidence interval = 2.3:8.1) times higher than at inactive sites, with 11 IAs in particular demonstrating a pattern consistent with elevated release. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was the only Pacific salmon species presenting eDNA detections more likely to occur around and within active netpens relative to inactive sites. After considering the evidence of negative consequences of infection (from previous literature) in tandem with release model results, we determined that Tenacibaculum maritimum, Tenacibaculum finnmarkense, Ichthyobodo spp., and Piscine orthoreovirus are potential risks to Pacific salmon exposed to marine netpen aquaculture. These IAs, and others demonstrating patterns consistent with release but with insufficient prior research to evaluate the consequences of infection, require further studies that identify the factors influencing the intensity of release, the spatial extent of release around netpens, and the prevalence of infection in wild fish within known distances from netpens.
MXene-based composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of antibiotics in wastewater
Authors: Akbari Masoud , Rasouli Jamal , Rasouli Kamal , Ghaedi Samaneh , Mohammadi Milad , Rajabi Hamid , Sabbaghi Samad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMXene-based (nano)materials have recently emerged as promising solutions for antibiotic photodegradation from aquatic environments, yet they are limited by scalability, stability, and selectivity challenges in practical settings. We formulated Fe2O3-SiO2/MXene ternary nano-photocomposites via coupled wet impregnation and sonochemistry approach for optimised tetracycline (TC) removal (the second most used antibiotic worldwide) from water using response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The photocatalysts containing various loading of Fe2O3/SiO2 (5–45 wt%) on the MXene with a range of calcination temperatures (300–600 °C) via RSM optimisation were synthesised, characterised regarding crystallinity properties, surface morphology, binding energy, and light absorption capability, and analysed for TC degradation efficiency. The 25FeS/MX-450 composite among all samples demonstrated a superior efficiency in TC photocatalytic removal (98%) under optimised conditions (TC degradation: 39.75 mg/L, time: 68.28 min, pH: 5.57, catalyst dosage: 0.75 g/L). The developed surface area, with a reduced band gap due to FeS nanoparticles incorporation with improved light absorption within the visible spectrum, played a crucial role in the 25FeS/MX-450 heterostructure matrix, enhancing photogenerated carriers’ separation and transportation capabilities. The tetracycline photoreduction mechanism involved electron transfer from FeS to the surface of MXene, engaging with O2 to produce •O2−, attributed to the high electron mobility of MXene. Our findings for such nano-photocomposites materials can underscore the considerable potential of MXene-based nanomaterials for pharmaceutical removal from waterways.
The Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill display contains genuine Moon rocks
Authors: Zillhardt Thomas André Claude , van Westrenen Wim , Nuij Marianne , Warr Ryan , Su Zixian , Burnett Timothy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the 1970s, US President Richard Nixon offered moon samples returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 missions to the leaders of the nations of the World. In this study, we used a combination of advanced X-ray analysis methods, including microtomography, tomosynthesis and hyperspectral chemical mapping to carry out a non-destructive forensic investigation of the Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill sample, normally on display at the Boerhaave museum in the Netherlands. These powerful methods were uniquely able to non-destructively interrogate the samples encased in plastic without contact, providing 3D images of sample textures and compositional analysis, to assess whether the results agree with archive data on Apollo 11 coarse-grained soil sample number 10085, and to provide new insights on their origins. Our forensic investigation asked the question: were the rocks in the Dutch display actually picked up on the surface of the moon by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin?
Semantic segmentation of urban airborne LiDAR data of varying landcover diversity using XGBoost
Authors: Vijaywargiya Jayati , Ramiya Anandakumar M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSemantic segmentation of aerial LiDAR dataset is a crucial step for accurate identification of urban objects for various applications pertaining to sustainable urban development. However, this task becomes more complex in urban areas characterised by the coexistence of modern developments and natural vegetation. The unstructured nature of point cloud data, along with data sparsity, irregular point distribution, and varying sizes of urban objects, presents challenges in point cloud classification. To address these challenges, development of robust algorithmic approach encompassing efficient feature sets and classification model are essential. This study incorporates point‐wise features to capture the local spatial context of points in datasets. Furthermore, an ensemble machine learning model based on extreme boosting is utilised, which integrates sequential training for weak learners, to enhance the model’s resilience. To thoroughly investigate the efficacy of the proposed approach, this study utilises three distinct datasets from diverse geographical locations, each presenting unique challenges related to class distribution, 3D terrain intricacies, and geographical variations. The Land‐cover Diversity Index is introduced to quantify the complexity of landcover in 3D by measuring the degree of class heterogeneity and the frequency of class variation in the dataset. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 90% on the regionally complex, higher landcover diversity dataset, Trivandrum Aerial LiDAR Dataset. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate improved overall predictive accuracy of 91% and 87% on data segments from two benchmark datasets, DALES and Vaihingen 3D.
Comparative study of electromagnetic vibration on single three‐phase and dual three‐phase permanent magnet machines with different winding layouts
Authors: Xie Wanlu , Li Weili , Tang Haoyue , Hong Jianfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe comparison between conventional single three‐phase permanent magnet (STP‐PM) machine and dual three‐phase permanent magnet (DTP‐PM) machine has primarily focused on performance and fault‐tolerance ability. However, electromagnetic vibration behaviour is one of vital indicator for evaluating the comprehensive performance of the machine. In this paper, the mechanism of the effect on the vibration performance of the STP‐PM machine and DTP‐PM machine with different winding layouts is analysed. First, the coil electromagnetic force phasor diagrams with different winding layouts are given. Moreover, the harmonic distribution of the armature magnetomotive force (MMF) and air‐gap electromagnetic force density (AEFD) in PM machines are analysed in detail, and vibration predictions are given. The result demonstrates that the PM machine with single‐layer winding exists high amplitude of the armature MMF sub‐harmonic components, especially at the first‐order, while the DTP‐PM machine can effectively suppress the fifth‐ and seventh‐ order harmonic components. And the AEFD amplitude at the major orders of DTP‐PM machine with double‐layer is the lowest which is of great significance to reduce vibration acceleration at 2fe. Finally, the modal test and vibration measurement for a manufactured 24slot/22pole DTP‐PM machine are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis and simulated results.
A Training for Parents Prevents Clinically Relevant Handling Errors
in the Use of Long-Term Antiseizure Medication
Authors: Kaune Almuth , Schumacher Pia Madeleine , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Syrbe Steffen , Hiemisch Andreas , Bernhard Matthias Karl , Merkenschlager Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Bertsche Astrid , Bertsche Thilo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Medication handling errors (ME) in long-term antiseizure
medication (ASM) compromise patient safety. Training programs to prevent those
errors by parents are scarce.
Patients The intervention concept is designed for parents of children and
adolescents aged 0–18 years with at least one long-term ASM.
Method In a controlled prospective study, we assessed ME of ASM during
home visits 3–6 weeks after a patient’s in- or outpatient hospital visit
(outpatient neuropediatric clinic and Social-Pediatric Center (SPZ)). We
investigated the effectiveness of a patient specific, risk-adapted training
(intervention group, IG) compared to routine care (control group, CG). For 54 ME
in ASM handling, an expert panel classified the clinical risk ranging from
Score-0 (no risk) to Score-6 (maximum risk) with the lowest risk actually
classified as Score-3.
Results We analyzed data from 83 parents in the CG and 85 in the IG who
administered 140 ASM per group. The intervention reduced ME per patient from 5
(median; Q25/Q75 3/9) to 4 (2/8; p=0.018). A total number of 589 ME occurred in
the CG, 432 in the IG. ME in ASM handling rated Score-6 occurred once in the CG
and not in the IG. A relative-risk-reduction (RRR) of ME (with p<0.001) was
observed, with a RRR of 55.0% for Score-5, 27.6% for Score-4, and 23.1% for
Score-3. RRR was 56.6% for ASM preparation (p<0.001) and 22.4% for oral
administration (p=0.045).
Conclusion Compared to controls, ME with high clinical risk significantly
decreased in the IG after the training. Drug safety in chronically ill children
with ASM was thereby improved.
A Combined “Vasculoplastic” Approach to the Vasculopathic Patient Undergoing Limb Salvage: Understanding the Role of Endovascular Revascularization for Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Li Karen R. , Rohrich Rachel N. , Lava Christian X. , Gupta Nisha J. , Hidalgo Cecelia M. , Episalla Nicole C. , Akbari Cameron M. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Multidisciplinary care with vascular surgery and plastic surgery is essential for lower extremity free flap (LEFF) success in the chronic wound population with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. There is a lack of understanding on performing targeted direct endovascular reperfusion on a vessel that will be used as the flap recipient. Our study compares outcomes of patients who received targeted revascularization (TR) to the recipient vessel for LEFF anastomosis versus nontargeted revascularization (NR) of arterial recipients prior to LEFF.
Methods LEFF patients who underwent preoperative endovascular revascularization (ER) from July 2011 to January 2023 were reviewed. Location of ER, demographics, perioperative details, and outcomes were collected. TR was performed on the same vessel as the flap recipient and NR was located on a different vessel than the flap recipient.
Results A total of 55 LEFF patients were identified. Overall, 50.91% (n = 28) received TR and 49.1% (n = 27) received NR. Average age was 60.3 ± 10.9 years and average Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5.3 ± 1.9. On preoperative angiogram, the TR group had significantly lower rates of ER above the knee (3.6 vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). Immediate flap success rate was 98.2%, with no differences between groups (p = 1.000). No significant differences were found in rates of any postoperative flap complications (p = 0.898), takeback (p = 0.352), partial flap necrosis (p = 0.648), or dehiscence (p = 0.729). Both TR and NR groups had similar rates of a postoperative angiogram (42.9 vs. 48.2%, p = 0.694) and reintervention (35.7 vs. 40.7% p = 0.701). Amputation rates were similar between TR and NR (17.9 vs. 14.8%, p = 1.000).
Conclusion Close follow-up with vascular and plastic surgery is required for patients who undergo ER prior to LEFF, as nearly half of our cohort required additional endovascular procedures. Overall, we observed no significant differences in complication rates for the TR and NR groups, informing revascularization strategies for free tissue transfer in a highly comorbid chronic wound population.
Surgical Morbidity following Planned Hysterectomy versus Conservative Management for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Futterman Itamar D. , Gomes Cintia , Sher Olivia , Fisher Julia , McLaren Rodney A. , Haberman Shoshana , Chudnoff Scott 
Published: December 2024

Objective In recent years, the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has fallen into two categories: planned hysterectomy and conservative management to preserve fertility. However, optimal management remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two to evaluate which approach was associated with lower surgical morbidity.
Study Design MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to July 31, 2023, for trials comparing conservative management versus planned hysterectomy. We included all prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized control studies that reported outcomes related to surgical morbidity in cases of PAS. Surgical morbidity was defined as rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)/coagulopathy, bladder injury, number of units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused, estimated blood loss (EBL), and maternal mortality.
Results Odds ratios (ORs) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed or random effects model. Among 839 studies initially retrieved, 12 were included with a total of 1,167 patients. Of these, 669 (57.3%) underwent conservative management and 498 (42.7%) underwent a planned hysterectomy. Conservative management resulted in lower rates of ICU admission (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35), lower rates of bladder injury (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.48), lower incidence of DIC or coagulopathy (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48), lower mean difference EBL (−1,292.81 mL; 95% CI: −1,922.16 to −593.46), as well as lower number of PRBC units transfused (−1.54 units; 95% CI: −2.29 to −0.78).
Conclusion Our findings suggest that conservative management of PAS may be associated with reduced surgical morbidity.
Key Points
Why Current Detection of Vascular Calcification Falls Short and How to Improve on It
Authors: Gentier Anouk , Aizaz Mueez , Halder Maurice , Florea Alexandru , Dijkgraaf Ingrid , Mottaghy Felix M. , Hackeng Tilman , Kooi M Eline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVascular calcification is a common phenomenon in various vascular diseases, where its presence heralds increased occurrence of adverse disease events, which invariably lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Although the impact of calcification has become apparent, adequate and early detection of the most damaging form of early microcalcification is still in its infancy, preventing reliable identification of locations that would benefit from intervention. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art noninvasive calcification imaging and its persisting limitations. We discuss promising approaches that may address these limitations in the future. In this context particular attention will be paid to imaging modalities such as CT, PET, and ultrasonography and molecular and cellular mechanisms and agents involved in physiological bone formation.
Condromatose sinovial do ombro: Relato de dois casos
Authors: Vieira Daniel Ferreira Fernandes , Borsato Beatriz Begnini , Caramujo Luís Felipe Baldinu , Castello Paula de Andrade , Guerreiro João Paulo Fernandes 
Published: December 2024

ResumoA condromatose sinovial é uma afecção benigna incomum de caráter progressivo que favorece a metaplasia sinovial com a produção de tecido cartilaginoso em forma de corpos livres, encontrados nas articulações. Em casos raros, pode afetar o interior da articulação do ombro e apresentar-se com dor, edema e prejuízo da mobilidade. O diagnóstico é desafiador, requerendo técnicas de imagem e muitas vezes confirmado apenas após o tratamento cirúrgico e exame anatomopatológico. Os autores relatam dois casos de pacientes com quadros clínicos semelhantes de dor, edema e perda de mobilidade na articulação do ombro. A investigação contou com exames de imagem como radiografias e ressonância magnética, além do exame anatomopatológico, que confirmou a hipótese diagnóstica. O tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico com sinovectomia e remoção dos corpos livres, seguido de reabilitação fisioterapêutica, resultou na melhora clínica de ambas as pacientes. Com esse relato, os autores ressaltam a importância da investigação na suspeita de condromatose sinovial, devido ao seu quadro clínico inespecífico. Comparando os resultados obtidos com os propostos na literatura, concluímos que o tratamento cirúrgico com sinovectomia e remoção de corpos livres, associado a fisioterapia, é eficaz, e que o seguimento ambulatorial a longo prazo é necessário para detecção de recidiva.