bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berchtesgaden (19 november 1940) : voorgeschiedenis, inhoud en resultaat
Authors: De Jonghe Albert 
Published: July 2021

The leopoldistic version of the events before Berchtesgaden - politically the most important period in the Question Royale during the occupation - is from the start till the end historically not grounded. The known facts prove that the King was absolutely not passive in political matters. He doesn't reject the proposal for a meeting with Hitler. Already on May 31 he declares to agree in principle to meet the Führer. On June 26 he again expresses this willingness. In October he sends his sister Marie-José, crownprincess of Italy, to Hitler, collecting the requested invitation for a meeting. The meeting Hitler-Leopold III at Berchtesgaden (November 19) reveals not only a humanitarian, but also an indeniable political character.There is too great a difference between the leopoldistic version and the facts - as far as known at this moment and from limited sources. One is inclined to ask oneself if the editors of the Whitebook (J. Pirenne, secretary of the King) and of the report of the Servais-commission, had knowledge of all the facts, which normally should have been at their disposal. If the answer is no, than one has to assume «a secret of the King».
Secularisatie en verzuiling in de Belgische politiek
Authors: Billiet Jaak , Creyf Roger , Dobbelaere Karel 
Published: July 2021

Sociological research in three Catholic «pillar» organizations (the Catholic school system, the Christian hospitals and the Catholic University) indicates that secularization is not followed by a «de-pillarization» or crumbling of the Catholic pillar. Our explanation suggests a process of secularization within the Catholic organizations, with as main components : the development of a social-cultural christianity - which may be considered a secular surrogate for church-religion -, and professionalization by which the christian organizations provide a milieu which ensures job security and social advancement for its loyal members. Thanks to its informal and formal ties with the Christian pillar organizations, the CVP acts on both components, by stressing a specific identity and by defining the interests of the pillar organizations. This explanation may indicate some major aspects of the ties between sociological Catholics and «their» political party - a bond which is certainly not being affected by the secularization processes, rather the contrary is occurring.
De personeelsbezetting in de gefusioneerde gemeenten : Een proeve van evaluatie
Authors: Depré Roger 
Published: July 2021

The essence of a policy evaluation of the personnel situation in the amalgamated municipalities is to investigate the degree to which the amalgamation as instrument achieved the present objectives and thedegree to which the instruments used have contributed to it. Such an evaluation is complicated by the fact that insufficient attention was given to the objectives in the amalgamation policy and to the time period within which they had to be achieved. From the analysis, it appears, in any case, that the number of personnel grew after the amalgamation in the local administrations more than in others. This applies in particular to the public welfare agencies. This growth is probably to be ascribed more to the social evolution than to the amalgamation operation. The demonstration of scale effects is not easy because of the lack of diachronic studies. The fact that large municipalities have relatively more personnel than small municipalities may not be deduced from an increase of the population. The diachronic study of the percentage of the total expenditures for personnel shows that this part has decreased, which could indicate a scale effect. However, one has, at this time, insufficient information of the factors that explain the amount of personnel so that a change in that amount cannot simply be ascribed to the amalgamation. At the same time, the hypothesis is formulated that the amalgamation of the municipalities as a policy measure bas not brought about many changes on the level of policy implementation. This can be explained by the lack of an accompanying strategy for change. It does not suffice to vote for a law to bring about a fundamental change.
Predicting and Responding to Clinical Deterioration in Hospitalized Patients by Using Artificial Intelligence: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Stepped Wedge Study
Authors: Holdsworth Laura M , Kling Samantha M R , Smith Margaret , Safaeinili Nadia , Shieh Lisa , Vilendrer Stacie , Garvert Donn W , Winget Marcy , Asch Steven M , Li Ron C 
Published: July 2021

Background
The early identification of clinical deterioration in patients in hospital units can decrease mortality rates and improve other patient outcomes; yet, this remains a challenge in busy hospital settings. Artificial intelligence (AI), in the form of predictive models, is increasingly being explored for its potential to assist clinicians in predicting clinical deterioration.

Objective
Using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) 2.0 model, this study aims to assess whether an AI-enabled work system improves clinical outcomes, describe how the clinical deterioration index (CDI) predictive model and associated work processes are implemented, and define the emergent properties of the AI-enabled work system that mediate the observed clinical outcomes.

Methods
This study will use a mixed methods approach that is informed by the SEIPS 2.0 model to assess both processes and outcomes and focus on how physician-nurse clinical teams are affected by the presence of AI. The intervention will be implemented in hospital medicine units based on a modified stepped wedge design featuring three stages over 11 months—stage 0 represents a baseline period 10 months before the implementation of the intervention; stage 1 introduces the CDI predictions to physicians only and triggers a physician-driven workflow; and stage 2 introduces the CDI predictions to the multidisciplinary team, which includes physicians and nurses, and triggers a nurse-driven workflow. Quantitative data will be collected from the electronic health record for the clinical processes and outcomes. Interviews will be conducted with members of the multidisciplinary team to understand how the intervention changes the existing work system and processes. The SEIPS 2.0 model will provide an analytic framework for a mixed methods analysis.

Results
A pilot period for the study began in December 2020, and the results are expected in mid-2022.

Conclusions
This protocol paper proposes an approach to evaluation that recognizes the importance of assessing both processes and outcomes to understand how a multifaceted AI-enabled intervention affects the complex team-based work of identifying and managing clinical deterioration.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/27532
Association of Plasma Uremic Solute Levels with Residual Kidney Function in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ganesan Lakshmi L. , O’Brien Frank J. , Sirich Tammy L. , Plummer Natalie S. , Sheth Rita , Fajardo Cecile , Brakeman Paul , Sutherland Scott M. , Meyer Timothy W. 
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives
Residual native kidney function confers health benefits in patients on dialysis. It can facilitate control of extracellular volume and inorganic ion concentrations. Residual kidney function can also limit the accumulation of uremic solutes. This study assessed whether lower plasma concentrations of uremic solutes were associated with residual kidney function in pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Samples were analyzed from 29 pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis, including 13 without residual kidney function and ten with residual kidney function. Metabolomic analysis by untargeted mass spectrometry compared plasma solute levels in patients with and without residual kidney function. Dialytic and residual clearances of selected solutes were also measured by assays using chemical standards.

Results
Metabolomic analysis showed that plasma levels of 256 uremic solutes in patients with residual kidney function averaged 64% (interquartile range, 51%–81%) of the values in patients without residual kidney function who had similar total Kt/Vurea. The plasma levels were significantly lower for 59 of the 256 solutes in the patients with residual kidney function and significantly higher for none. Assays using chemical standards showed that residual kidney function provides a higher portion of the total clearance for nonurea solutes than it does for urea.

Conclusions
Concentrations of many uremic solutes are lower in patients on peritoneal dialysis with residual kidney function than in those without residual kidney function receiving similar treatment as assessed by Kt/Vurea.
Supporting Information for "Ring Origami: Snap-folding of Rings with Different Geometries"
Authors: Wu Shuai , Yue Liang , Jin Yi , Sun Xiaohao , Zemelka Cole , Qi H. Jerry , Zhao Ruike Renee 
Published: July 2021

Through experiment and simulation, we study a kind of deployable thin
circular ring that can be folded into three small loops. Parametric
study is conducted on the ring to study the geometric parameters that
can influence ring’s buckling .We also explore the rings with other
shapes , such as elliptical rings, rectangular rings. Some applications
basing on these studies are shown in this paper.
Evaluation of the Professional Competency of University Faculty Members as Perceived by Higher Education Students
Authors: Ibad Fareeda , Muhammad Yousuf Sharjeel  
Published: July 2021

This study considered the importance of professionalism in university faculty performance since effective learning has its basis the superior instructional and professional competence of teachers. The purpose of the study was to attempt to suggest a hybrid model of faculty effectiveness evaluation based on the perceptions of higher education students regarding their faculty’s quality of teaching. The research focused on involving higher education students in determining the effectiveness characteristics of their teachers in order to provide a justification for developing effective operational systems for teacher evaluation in Pakistan. The study used a mixed methods research design comprising both quantitative and qualitative methods for the purpose of data collection and analysis. To address the research problem, the researcher chose to base the theoretical framework for the research on Marsh’s (1982) research and development of the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) questionnaire. Further to this, the researcher developed the conceptual framework through the research of Gurney and Wise (2002) from where the criteria for evaluating the effective teacher questionnaire emerged having characteristics similar to those in the SEEQ and was used to attempt to bridge the time gap and establish the validity of the SEEQ over more than three decades. The data was gleaned from using both questionnaires from a sample of n= 395 under two-tailed probability distribution. All constructs’ reliability was above the criteria suggested by different scholars rendering the SEEQ questionnaire as reliable for the study.
Iqbal and Modern Islamic Educationists Part 2: The Perceived Objectives of Education and Practices on the Ground – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Abid Ali  , Suhailah Binti Hussien  
Published: July 2021

Nations design their education systems to prepare youth for achieving national goals and objectives as perceived by that nation. The education system reflects nations' epistemological, ontological and axiological assumptions. Accordingly, the secular west has designed its educational intervention based on their assumptions and is diametrically opposite to Islamic belief and culture (Asad, 2005). Our contemporary education system is largely developed by the west on secular assumptions of life and as such is leading our children to develop the Western secular perceptual framework. Iqbal explicates that a dynamic education system based on Islamic percepts is a prerequisite for developing an Islamic individual as well as an effective Islamic ummah. The first part of this research article, Iqbal and modern Islamic educationists, part 1: Perceived Aims and Objectives of education – a comparative analysis, focused on the comparative analysis of aims and objectives of education from an Islamic perspective as perceived by Islamic educationists in Pakistan with that of Iqbal’s, as drawn from his two Persian anthologies of Asrar I khudi (Secrets of the Self), and Ramooz I bikhudi (Mysteries of Selflessness). In the second part, the practices or modus operandi of these Islamic educationists to achieve their perceived aims and objectives of education from an Islamic perspective have been analyzed in the light of Iqbal’s educational philosophy. The findings show that though to some extent the aims and objectives comply with Iqbal’s prescribed aims and objectives of education, but on the ground, the practices which the Islamic educators have adopted, largely from the western approach of education, act as inhibitors to the spirit of those aims and this is not being realized by these educators.
Organo-Silica Membrane Prepared from TEOS-TEVS Modified with Organic-Acid Catalyst for Brackish Water Desalination
Authors: Elma Muthia , Lestari Aptar Eka , Sumardi Anna , Assyaifi Zaini Lambri , Darmawan Adi , Mujiyanti Dwi Rasy , Syauqiah Isna , Rahma Aulia , Suciwati Linda , Mawaddah Yanti 
Published: July 2021

The sol gel process is one of the processes used in the manufacture of thin films on membranes because it can control the pore size in the resulting silica matrix. In addition, another way to build membrane size can be done by adding catalysts and precursors to be used. In this study, using a combination of tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) and triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS) precursors and citric acid as a catalyst to produce a silica matrix with mesoporous size so that it is suitable for application in the desalination process. The organo silica membrane was calcined at 350 ° C for 1 hour using the RTP calcination technique under vacuum, thus preventing the decomposition of carbon in the silica matrix. The membrane was dipcoated 4 times to obtain 4 layers. The FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) test was carried out to see the functional groups on xerogel, namely silanol, siloxane and carbon. In addition, the performance of this membrane is carried out by desalination through pervaporation using 0.3% NaCl feed water with variations in feed air temperature, namely 25 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. The resulting flux of air value increased with increasing feed water temperature, namely 6.1; 11.2; and 12.1 kg.m-2h-1 while the resulting salt rejection was 99.72; 99.64 and 99.23%. So that the organo silica membrane is suitable when applied to the desalination process through pervaporation.
State And Non-State Cross-Border Cooperation Between North Karelia And Its (Un) Familiar Russian Neighbors
Authors: Nielsen Henrik D. 
Published: July 2021

Russia has often been seen in a negative light and as a difficult place for foreigners to operate, both currently and in the past. To a large extent, this is also true for Finland, which has fought several wars against its eastern neighbor and whose border with Russia has been closed for years. However, Finland, and in particular North Karelia, also has a long history of cross-border cooperation with Russian partners.This paper seeks to analyze why North Karelian governmental and NGO actors choose to engage in cross-border cooperation with Russian counterparts and explain why they have been so successful.The answers are sought via a historical review of the relationship between Finland and Russia, in particular the role and importance of Karelia as a source of both conflict and consolidation. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews with Finnish cross-border cooperation actors are utilized in the analysis. The theoretical approach is grounded in (un)familiarity, which is used to explain the pull-push effects of the border.In conclusion, it was found that the Finnish actors harbor a historical feeling of connectedness and nostalgia towards the Karelian area which pulls them across the border. Because of the proximity they see cross-border cooperation as a natural extension of their work. Finally, the success is connected to the increased familiarity and close personal relations that have been build up over the years.
Learning Needs of Primary Schools Teachers about First Aid
Authors: ÖRS Mukaddes 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge of first aid, and the learning needs surrounding first aid education of teachers working in public primary schools.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This descriptive study was undertaken through a sample of 214 teachers working in 15 public primary schools in Amasya City, Turkey. Data collection was achieved via a questionnaire consisting of items regarding teachers’ characteristics and basic first aid knowledge. One point was given for each correct answer. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: In total, 47.2% of the primary school teachers whom participated stated that they had had previous training on first aid, and 11.7% teachers felt that their knowledge was sufficient about first aid knowledge and equipment. Overwhelmingly, 70.5% of teachers had been confronted with situations needing fist aid at school. In this study, it was found that teachers had medium-level fist aid knowledge scores. Most teachers answered incorrectly questions regarding foreign body punctures in the abdominal region and nosebleeds.
Highlights: It was revealed that the teachers have insufficient knowledge about first aid, and it was determined that teachers have learning needs relating first aid. Accordingly, it is recommended that training is provided for teachers on first aid through in-service training programs. Moreover, the problem needs to be addressed and the addition of first aid education in the teachers’ training curriculum might be suggested.
Razão de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero em mulheres de 25 a 64 anos em Santa Catarina: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Laurindo Dione Lúcia Prim , Souza Sabrina da Silva de , Cunha Ana Claudia da , Rabelo Suplici Samara Eliane , Zamprogna Katheri Maris 
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a Cobertura de exames citopatológicos de Colo Uterino na população de 25 a 64 anos e sua relação com a cobertura populacional pelas equipes de Saúde da Família nos municípios de Santa Catarina. Estudo transversal que utilizou dados secundários do banco de dados oficiais do Estado de Santa Catarina dos indicadores de Cobertura de exames citopatológicos e cobertura populacional pelas equipes de Saúde da Família nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Análise descritiva incluindo média, desvio padrão, mediana, percentil 25 e 75, mínimos e máximos para todos os indicadores de estudo e correlação de Spearman. O estudo confirmou a hipótese de que quanto maior a cobertura de Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) melhores são os indicadores de saúde, pois os municípios com melhor cobertura de ESF apresentaram melhor a razão de exames citopatológicos de Colo Uterino na população de 25 a 64 anos no período estudado.
Age-dependent diagnostic yield of echocardiography as a second-line diagnostic investigation in athletes with abnormalities at preparticipation screening
Authors: Maurizi Niccolò , Baldi Massimo , Castelletti Silvia , Lisi Corrado , Galli Michele , Bianchi Stefano , Panzera Francesco , Fumagalli Carlo , Mochi Nicola , Parati Gianfranco , Olivotto Iacopo , Cecchi Franco 
Published: July 2021

Aims
Systematic pre-participation screening of subjects practicing sports activity has the potential to identify athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death. However, limited evidence are present concerning the yield of echocardiography as a second-line exam in athletes with abnormal pre-participation screening.

Methods
Consecutive athletes were screened (2011–2017) in a community-based sports medicine center in Tuscany, with familial history, physical examination and ECG. Patients with abnormal/>1 borderline ECG findings, symptoms/signs of cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk factors or family history of juvenile/genetic cardiac disease underwent echocardiography.

Results
A total of 30109 athletes (age 21 [15;31]) were evaluated. Of these, 6234 (21%) were aged 8–11 years, 18309 (61%) 12–18 years, 4442 (15%) 19–35 years, 1124 (4%) >35 years. A total of 2569 (9%) athletes were addressed to echocardiography. Referral rates increased significantly with age (5% in preadolescents to 38% in master athletes, P< 0.01). Subclinical heart diseases were found in 290/30109 (0.8%) and were common >35 years (135/1124, 11%), but rare at 19–35 years (91/4442, 2%), very rare <18 years (64/24 543, 0.2%; P< 0.01). Seventy-four (0.3%) athletes were disqualified because of the structural alterations identified, 29 (0.1%) with cardiac structural diseases at risk for sudden death.

Conclusions
Italian community-based pre-participation screening showed an age-dependent yield, with a three-fold increase in referral in athletes >35 years. Subclinical structural abnormalities potentially predisposing to sudden death were rare (0.01%), mostly in post-pubertal and senior athletes. Age-specific pre-participation screening protocols may help optimize resources and improve specificity.
Conductive Heat Transfer Prediction of Plain Socks in Wet State
Authors: Mansoor Tariq , Hes Lubos , Khalil Amany , Militky Jiri , Tunak Maros , Bajzik Vladimir , Kyosev Yordan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, an algebraic model and its experimental verification was carried out to investigate the effect of moisture content on the heat loss that takes place due to conduction of sock fabrics. The results show that increasing moisture content in the studied socks caused a significant increase in their conductive heat loss. Plain knitted socks with different fiber composition were wetted to a saturated level, and then their moisture content was reduced stepwise. When achieving the required moisture content, the socks samples were characterized by the Alambeta testing instrument for heat transfer. Three different existing modified mathematical models for the thermal conductivity of wet fabrics were used for predicting thermal resistance of socks under wet conditions. The results from both ways are in very good agreement for all the socks at a 95% confidence level. In the above-mentioned models, the prediction of thermal resistance presents newly a combined effect of the real filling coefficient and thermal conductivity of the so-called “wet” polymers instead of dry polymers. With these modifications, the used models predicted the thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Predicted thermal resistance is converted into heat transfer (due to conduction) with a significantly high coefficient of correlation.
Nach-Krieg. Reflexionen in der Kunstkritik der Weimarer Republik am Beispiel des Verismus
Authors: Peters Olaf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Die Aufarbeitung des Ersten Weltkriegs ist ein zentrales Motiv in der frühen Kunst der Weimarer Republik. Dadaismus und Verismus haben dazu bedeutende Beiträge geleistet. Der Aufsatz untersucht und dokumentiert die kunstkritische Auseinandersetzung mit Werken von Max Beckmann, Otto Dix und Georg Scholz. Diese Künstler wurden teilweise unter dem Begriff eines linken Flügels der Neuen Sachlichkeit subsumiert und als Veristen bezeichnet. Ihre mitunter schonungslosen Werke versuchten den Militarismus des Kaiserreichs zu überwinden.