bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interorganizational Care Coordination of Rural Veterans by Veterans Affairs and Community Care Programs
Authors: Garvin Lynn A. , Pugatch Marianne , Gurewich Deborah , Pendergast Jacquelyn N. , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
In the unique context of rural Veterans’ health care needs, expansion of US Department of Veterans Affairs and Community Care programs under the MISSION Act, and the uncertainties of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is critical to understand what may support effective interorganizational care coordination for increased access to high-quality care.

Objectives:
We conducted a systematic review to examine the interorganizational care coordination initiatives that Veterans Affairs (VA) and community partners have pursued in caring for rural Veterans, including challenges and opportunities, organizational domains shaping care coordination, and among these, initiatives that improve or impede health care outcomes.

Research Design:
We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search 2 electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2009 and May 2020. Building on prior research, we conducted a systematic review.

Results:
Sixteen articles met our criteria. Each captured a unique health care focus while examining common challenges. Four organizational domains emerged: policy and administration, culture, mechanisms, and relational practices. Exemplars highlight how initiatives improve or impede rural health care delivery.

Conclusions:
This is the first systematic review, to our knowledge, examining interorganizational care coordination of rural Veterans by VA and Community Care programs. Results provide exemplars of interorganizational care coordination domains and program effectiveness. It suggests that partners’ efforts to align their coordination domains can improve health care, with rurality serving as a critical contextual factor. Findings are important for policies, practices, and research of VA and Community Care partners committed to improving access and health care for rural Veterans.
Brain and Myocardial Mitochondria Follow Different Patterns of Dysfunction After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kohlhauer Matthias , Panel Mathieu , Roches Marine Vermot des , Faucher Estelle , Abi Zeid Daou Yara , Boissady Emilie , Lidouren Fanny , Ghaleh Bijan , Morin Didier , Tissier Renaud 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria is often considered as the common nexus of cardiac and cerebral dysfunction after cardiac arrest. Here, our goal was to determine whether the time course of cardiac and cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction is similar after shockable versus non-shockable cardiac arrest in rabbits. Anesthetized rabbits were submitted to 10 min of no-flow by ventricular fibrillation (VF group) or asphyxia (non-shockable group). They were euthanized at the end of the no-flow period or 30 min, 120 min, or 24 h after resuscitation for in vitro evaluation of oxygen consumption and calcium retention capacity. In the brain (cortex and hippocampus), moderate mitochondrial dysfunction was evidenced at the end of the no-flow period after both causes of cardiac arrest versus baseline. It partly recovered at 30 and 120 min after cardiac arrest, with lower calcium retention capacity and higher substrate-dependant oxygen consumption after VF versus non-shockable cardiac arrest. However, after 24 h of follow-up, mitochondrial dysfunction dramatically increased after both VF and non-shockable cardiac arrest, despite greater neurological dysfunction after the latter one. In the heart, mitochondrial dysfunction was also maximal after 24 h following resuscitation, with no significant difference among the causes of the cardiac arrest. During the earlier timing of evaluation, calcium retention capacity and ADP-dependant oxygen consumption were lower and higher, respectively, after non-shockable cardiac arrest versus VF. In conclusion, the kinetics of cardiac and cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction suggests that mitochondrial function does not play a major role in the early phase of the post-resuscitation process but is only involved in the longer pathophysiological events.
Neutralizing response against E484K variant after original SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Yaegashi Nobuo , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which are spreading in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere, have been found in infected individuals in Japan. The virus mutates, to facilitate its life in the host, during the process of repeated proliferation in the body of the host, including humans. In other words, it is natural that a human-compatible mutant strain always predominates in infection and proliferation. As a result, the viral mutants acquire strong proliferative potential in the host and are highly pathogenic. The number of people infected with the mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant E484K, which is different from the SARS-CoV-2 variants that are spreading in the UK, South Africa, and Brazil, is increasing in Tokyo. It has been pointed out that the effects of immunity and vaccines may be reduced against the Tokyo-type SARS-CoV-2 variant E484K. We have investigated the neutralization response to various mutations in the spike glycoprotein using the serum of people already infected with the original SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants with Y543F or N501Y mutations in the spike glycoprotein affect the neutralization reaction. However, single E484K mutations within the spiked glycoprotein of the Tokyo-type SARS-CoV-2 variant are unlikely to have a significant effect on the affinity of the host antibody for the virus.
A model to analyze rideshare data to surveil novel strains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Safranek Conrad W. , Scheinker David 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe emergence of novel, potentially vaccine-resistant strains of SARS-CoV-2 poses a serious risk to public health. The interactions between passengers and drivers facilitated by rideshare platforms such as Uber are, essentially, a series of partially standardized, random experiments of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Rideshare companies share data with government health agencies, but no statistical method is available to aggregate these data for the systematic study of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.MethodsWe develop a proof-of-concept model for the analysis of data from rideshare interactions merged with COVID-19 diagnosis records. Using simulated data with rideshare volumes, disease prevalence, and diagnosis rates based on a large US city, we use the model to test hypotheses about the emergence of viral strains and their transmission characteristics in the presence of non-pharmaceutical interventions and superspreaders.FindingsData from 10 simulated trials of SARS-CoV-2 propagation within the Los Angeles rideshare network resulted in an average of 190,387.1 potentially infectious rideshare interactions. Assuming access to data on 25% of the total estimated infections (Partial Reporting), these interactions resulted in an average of 409.0 diagnosed rideshare infections given our transmission model assumptions. For each of the 10 simulated trials, analysis given Partial Reporting could consistently differentiate between a baseline strain and an emergent, more infectious viral strain, enabling hypothesis testing about transmission characteristics.InterpretationSimulated evaluation of a novel statistical model suggests that rideshare data combined with COVID-19 diagnosis data have the potential to automate continued surveillance of emergent novel strains of SARS-CoV-2 and their transmission characteristics.
Antibody Responses After a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Havervall Sebastian , Marking Ulrika , Greilert-Norin Nina , Ng Henry , Salomonsson Ann-Christin , Hellström Cecilia , Pin Elisa , Blom Kim , Mangsbo Sara , Phillipson Mia , Klingström Jonas , Åberg Mikael , Hober Sophia , Nilsson Peter , Thålin Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports demonstrate robust serological responses to a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data on immune responses following a single-dose adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are however limited, and current guidelines recommend a two-dose regime regardless of preexisting immunity.MethodsWe compared spike-specific IgG and pseudo-neutralizing spike-ACE2 blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 following two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 and a single dose of the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 232 healthcare workers with and without previous COVID-19.FindingsThe post-vaccine levels of spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and all three variants of concern were similar or higher in participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine post SARS-CoV-2 infection (both < 11 months post infection (n=37) and ≥ 11 months infection (n=46)) compared to participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine (n=149).InterpretationOur data support that a single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine serves as an effective immune booster after priming with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection up to at least 11 months post infection.
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies rapid tests: a valuable epidemiological tool in challenging settings
Authors: Saluzzo Francesca , Mantegani Paola , De Chaurand Valeria Poletti , Quaresima Virginia , Cugnata Federica , Di Serio Clelia , Macé Aurélien , De Vos Margaretha , Sacks Jilian A. , Cirillo Daniela Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last year, mass screening campaigns have been carried out to identify immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 and establish a possible seroprevalence. The obtained results gained new importance with the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, as the lack of doses has persuaded several countries to introduce different policies for individuals who had a history of COVID 19.LFAs may represent an affordable tool to support population screening in LMICs, where diagnostic tests are lacking, and epidemiology is still widely unknown. However, LFAs have demonstrated a wide range of performance and the question of which one could be more valuable in these settings still remains.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of 11 LFAs in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection, analysing samples collected from 350 subjects. In addition, samples from 57 health care workers collected at 21-24 days after the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were also evaluated.FindingsLFAs demonstrated a wide range of specificity (92.31% to 100%) and sensitivity (50 to 100%). The analysis of serum samples post vaccination was used to describe the most suitable tests to detect IgG response against S protein RBD. History of TB therapy was identified as a potential factor affecting the specificity of LFAs.ConclusionsThis analysis identified which LFAs represent a valuable tool not only for the detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also to detect IgG elicited in response to vaccination. These results demonstrated that different LFAs may have different applications and the possible risks of their use in high TB burden settings.
Indexing Cerebrovascular Health Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Afkhami Rashid , Walker Frederick Rohan , Ramadan Saadallah , Wong Rachel , Johnson Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNear-infrared spectroscopy (NiRS) is a relatively new technology of brain imaging with its potential in the assessment of cerebrovascular health only recently discovered. Encouraging early results suggest that NiRS can be used as an inexpensive and portable cerebrovascular health tracking device using a recently proposed pulse relaxation function (PReFx). In this paper, we propose a new NiRS timing index, TINiRS, of cerebrovascular health. TINiRS is a novel use of the NiRS technology. TINiRS is motivated by the previously proved relationship of the timing of the reflected wave with vascular resistance and compliance in the context of pressure waveforms. We correlated both TINiRS and PReFx against age, a non-exercise cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) index, and two existing indices of cerebrovascular health, namely Transcranial Doppler (TCD) augmentation index, AITCD, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood flow pulsatility index, PIMRI. The TINiRS correlations with Age, CRF, PIMRI and AITCD all are significant, i.e., r = 0.53 (p = 0.002), r = −0.44 (p = 0.011), r = 0.45 (p = 0.012) and r = 0.46 (p = 0.010), respectively. PReFx, however, did not have significant correlations with any of the vascular health factors. The proposed timing index is a reliable indicator of cerebrovascular aging factors in the NiRS waveform.
fNIRS-derived Neurocognitive Ratio as a Biomarker for Neuropsychiatric Diseases
Authors: Akın Ata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSignificanceClinical use of fNIRS derived features has always suffered low sensitivity and specificity due to signal contamination from background systemic physiological fluctuations. This article provides an algorithm to extract cognition related features by eliminating the effect of background signal contamination; hence, improves the classification accuracy.AimThe aim in this study is to investigate the classification accuracy of an fNIRS derived biomarker based on global efficiency. To this end, fNIRS data were collected during a computerized Stroop Task from healthy controls, and patients with migraine, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia.ApproachFunctional connectivity (FC) maps were computed from [HbO] time series data for Neutral, Congruent and Incongruent stimuli using the partial correlation approach. Reconstruction of FC matrices with optimal choice of principal components yielded two independent networks: Cognitive Mode Network (CM) and Default Mode Network(DM).ResultsGlobal Efficiency (GE) values computed for each FC matrix after applying principal component analysis yielded strong statistical significance leading to a higher specificity and accuracy. A new index, Neurocognitive Ratio (NCR), was computed by multiplying the Cognitive Quotients (CQ) and ratio of GE of CM to GE of DM. When mean values of NCR over all stimuli were computed, they showed high sensitivity (100%), specificity (95.5%), and accuracy (96.3%) for all subjects groups.Conclusions can reliable be used as a biomarker to improve the classification of healthy to neuropsychiatric patients.
Systematic tissue annotations of –omics samples by modeling unstructured metadata
Authors: Hawkins Nathaniel T. , Maldaver Marc , Yannakopoulos Anna , Guare Lindsay A. , Krishnan Arjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are currently >1.3 million human –omics samples that are publicly available. This valuable resource remains acutely underused because discovering particular samples from this ever-growing data collection remains a significant challenge. The major impediment is that sample attributes are routinely described using varied terminologies written in unstructured natural language. We propose a natural-language-processing-based machine learning approach (NLP-ML) to infer tissue and cell-type annotations for –omics samples based only on their free-text metadata. NLP-ML works by creating numerical representations of sample descriptions and using these representations as features in a supervised learning classifier that predicts tissue/cell-type terms. Our approach significantly outperforms an advanced graph-based reasoning annotation method (MetaSRA) and a baseline exact string matching method (TAGGER). Model similarities between related tissues demonstrate that NLP-ML models capture biologically-meaningful signals in text. Additionally, these models correctly classify tissue-associated biological processes and diseases based on their text descriptions alone. NLP-ML models are nearly as accurate as models based on gene-expression profiles in predicting sample tissue annotations but have the distinct capability to classify samples irrespective of the –omics experiment type based on their text metadata. Python NLP-ML prediction code and trained tissue models are available at https://github.com/krishnanlab/txt2onto.
Reduction of susceptibility to azoles and 5-fluorocytosine and growth acceleration in Candida albicans by glucose in urine
Authors: Hiyama Yoshiki , Sato Toyotaka , Takahashi Satoshi , Yamamoto Soh , Ogasawara Noriko , Masumori Naoya , Yokota Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCandida species are causal pathogens for urinary tract infections, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Candida infection. To investigate the potential effects of glucosuria on Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata), we investigated the influence of their growth and antifungal susceptibilities by glucose in urine.Candida spp. exhibited greater growth in urine with glucose (300 and 3,000 mg/dL) than in plain urine taken from healthy volunteers. After 24 h incubation, the viable cell number was more than 10-fold higher in the urine added 3,000 mg/dL glucose than in plain urine.In antifungal susceptibility, more than 80% of C. albicans clinical isolates increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and miconazole) and 5-fluorocytosine with the addition of glucose exceeding their breakpoints. This phenomenon was not observed in clinical isolates of C. krusei and C. glabrata. We observed the growth in the urine to which 3,000 mg/dL glucose was added even in the presence of a 128-fold higher minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole. In most of the C. albicans clinical isolates, the mRNA expression of the azole resistance genes ERG11, CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 increased in glucose-added urine compared with plain urine.In conclusion, the growth of C. albicans is accelerated and azoles and 5-fluorocytosine become ineffective as a result of a high concentration of glucose in urine. These observations provide valuable information about the clinical course and therapeutic effects of azoles against C. albicans infections in patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperglucosuria.IMPORTANCEDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and glucosuria, with a high risk of Candida infection. The current study demonstrated the acceleration of Candida growth and ineffectiveness of azoles and 5-fluorocytosine against C. albicans in urine in the presence of glucose. These observations provide novel and valuable information about the clinical course and antifungal treatment of Candida spp. in urinary tract and genital infections of diabetes mellitus patients. For the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Candida spp., the guidelines do not mention glucosuria. Thus, this study suggests the necessity to conduct clinical evaluations for glucosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus who have urinary tract and genital infections with Candida spp.
Live virus neutralisation testing in convalescent patients and subjects vaccinated against 19A, 20B, 20I/501Y.V1 and 20H/501Y.V2 isolates of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gonzalez Claudia , Saade Carla , Bal Antonin , Valette Martine , Saker Kahina , Lina Bruno , Josset Laurence , Trabaud Mary-Anne , Thiery Guillaume , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Paul Stéphane , Verhoeven Paul , Bourlet Thomas , Pillet Sylvie , Morfin Florence , Trouillet-Assant Sophie , Pozzetto Bruno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 mutations appeared recently and can lead to conformational changes in the spike protein and probably induce modifications in antigenicity. In this study, we wanted to assess the neutralizing capacity of antibodies to prevent cell infection, using a live virus neutralisation test.MethodsSera samples were collected from different populations: two-dose vaccinated COVID-19-naïve healthcare workers (HCWs; Pfizer-BioNTech BNT161b2), 6-months post mild COVID-19 HCWs, and critical COVID-19 patients. We tested various clades such as 19A (initial one), 20B (B.1.1.241 lineage), 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 lineage), and 20H/501Y.V2 (B.1.351 lineage).ResultsNo significant difference was observed between the 20B and 19A isolates for HCWs with mild COVID-19 and critical patients. However, a significant decrease in neutralisation ability was found for 20I/501Y.V1 in comparison with 19A isolate for critical patients and HCWs 6-months post infection. Concerning 20H/501Y.V2, all populations had a significant reduction in neutralising antibody titres in comparison with the 19A isolate. Interestingly, a significant difference in neutralisation capacity was observed for vaccinated HCWs between the two variants whereas it was not significant for the convalescent groups.ConclusionNeutralisation capacity was slightly reduced for critical patients and HCWs 6-months post infection. No neutralisation escape could be feared concerning the two variants of concern in both populations. The reduced neutralising response observed towards the 20H/501Y.V2 in comparison with the 19A and 20I/501Y.V1 isolates in fully immunized subjects with the BNT162b2 vaccine is a striking finding of the study.
Prediction of blood Sugar Regulation based on Healthy Boundaries, Ego Boundary and Post-trauma Growth in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Abrandabadi Masoumeh , Mashayekh Maryam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was prediction of blood sugar regulation based on ego boundary, healthy boundary and post trauma growth in patient with Diabetes.MethodsFor this purpose, 50 people with diabetes were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The questionnaires used in this study were the post trauma growth inventory (PGI), the ego strength (PIES), and Healthy Boundaries (HB) Questionnaire.ResultsStepwise regression analysis showed that there were a significant positive relationship between blood sugar level (HbA1c) and ego strength, health boundaries and post-trauma growth (PTG).ConclusionThe findings indicate a significant correlation between hyperglycemia and health boundaries, ego strength and post-traumatic growth. This means that controlling and recognizing the boundaries of mental health and post-traumatic emotions prevents high blood (HbA1c) sugar and Type 2 diabetes.
Comparative sensitivity evaluation for 122 CE-marked SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid tests
Authors: Scheiblauer Heinrich , Filomena Angela , Nitsche Andreas , Puyskens Andreas , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Zwirglmaier Katrin , Lange Constanze , Emmerich Petra , Müller Michael , Knauer Olivia , Nübling C Micha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIndependent evaluation of the sensitivity of CE-marked SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag RDT) offered in Germany.MethodThe sensitivity of 122 Ag RDT was adressed using a common evaluation panel. Minimum sensitivity of 75% for panel members with CT<25 was used for differentiation of devices eligible for reimbursement in in the German healthcare system.ResultsThe sensitivity of different SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT varied over a wide range. The sensitivity limit of 75% for panel members with CT <25 was met by 96 of the 122 tests evaluated; 26 tests exhibited lower sensitivity, few of which were completely failing. Some devices exhibited high sensitivity, e.g. 100% for CT<30.ConclusionThis comparative evaluation succeeded to distinguish less sensitive from better performing Ag RDT. Most of the Ag RDT evaluated appear to be suitable for fast identification of acute infections associated with high viral loads. Market access of SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT should be based on minimal requirements for sensitivity and specificity.