bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1, a novel drug target for hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Xu Min , Chen Yu , Yuan Hao-Yan , Shen Yue-Hai , Xiang Jia-Yao , Luo Jia , Chen Hao , Wu Jun-Qi , Xiang Cheng , Li Ya-Ming , Feng Yang , Li Hai-Zhou , Yin Yue , Lin Jing-Min , Ge Long-Jiao , Zhao San-Jun , Quinn Ronald , Dai Shao-Xing , Zuo Da-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
HBV infection is a major global health burden that needs novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) is a novel drug target for HBV infection. We reveal the new target with highly selective probes of PAC5, a natural sesquiterpene derivative. PAC5 show potent anti-HBV activity in vivo and in vitro. Further studies on its mode of action indicate that PAC5 binds to the residue Asp49 and a deep groove in the RNA recognition motif1 (RRM1) region of hnRNPA2B1. PAC5-bound hnRNPA2B1 is activated, dimerized, and translocated to the cytoplasm where it activates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Furthermore, PAC5 also suppresses other viral replications, such as SARS-CoV-2 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Our results indicate that PAC5 is the first small molecule agonist of hnRNPA2B1, a drug target potentially valid for broad-spectrum viral infections, providing a novel strategy for viral immunotherapy.
Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Paravascular Retinoschisis in Highly Myopic Young Patients Detected by Ultra-Widefield OCT
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nakao Noriko , Shinohara Kosei , Sugisawa Keigo , Uramoto Kengo , Igarashi-Yokoi Tae , Yoshida Takeshi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and retinoschisis (RS) in 73 highly myopic (HM) young patients and 24 non-HM children. The presence of the paravascular retinal abnormalities was determined in the images obtained by a ultra-widefield OCT (UWF OCT) instrument with an image field of 23 x 20 mm. The results showed that a partial PVD was detected in 15 (21%) of the HM patients, and the number increased significantly with increasing age (P=0.02). PVDs of any type were not found in the non-HM eyes. The number of microvascular folds also increased with age in the HM patients (P=0.03). Medium-reflective columnar tissues were present between the detached vitreous and inner retinal surface in 4 (5%) eyes of the HM patients. Myopic RS was found in 3 (4%) HM patients in the paravascular area but not in the macular area. These results suggest that early partial PVD may play a role in pathological and proliferative vitreous changes of HM eyes. An intense vitreoretinal traction with bridging tissues may cause the various paravascular retinal abnormalities. In HM eyes, paravascular RS is already present at an early age which may progress to macular RS with aging.
Developing clinical questions and important outcomes for the clinical practice guideline for acupuncture and moxibustion for allergic rhinitis
Authors: Du Shihao , Yang Chao , Wang Shanze , Chen Sheng , Guo Shengnan , Guo Wei , Zhao Jiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in treating allergic rhinitis (AR). However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for acupuncture and moxibustion for AR, thus we started a project on developing an international clinical practice guideline (CPG) for acupuncture and moxibustion for AR (WFASRP202001-SC05) approved by the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS). This study aims to formulate the clinical questions and important outcomes for this guideline.
Methods

Based on the principle of the WFAS standardization committee, multiple methods including the International PICO question survey, Delphi survey, and consensus conference of guideline development group (GDG) were applied. International PICO questionnaires widely gathered the demands from the target population. Then GDG selected clinical questions and important outcomes for the guideline via a mixed method of Delphi survey and consensus conference.
Results

15 potential clinical questions and 10 sorts of outcomes were formulated under the supervision of a guideline steering group based on the analysis of 123 pieces of feedbacks from 17 countries of 5 continents. After 2 rounds of the Delphi survey, the consensus was reached in GDG that all of the potential questions were included. After 3 rounds of the Delphi survey, the consensus was reached that 9 of these outcomes were considered important outcomes.
Conclusion

15 clinical questions and 9 important outcomes were selected for the CPG for acupuncture and moxibustion for AR. Since there has not established a standard method in formulating the clinical questions and important outcomes for CPGs in acupuncture and moxibustion, this one will be a useful reference.
Performance of etched silica FBG for simultaneous strain temperature measurement
Authors: Dey Koustav , Buddu Ramesh , Roy Sourabh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, we have extensively investigated the efficiency of etched silica-based fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for the experimental measurement of temperature and strain simultaneously. A single-multi-single mode fiber (SMS) combination is employed in the circuitry which acts as a bandpass filter for efficient interrogation technique. We recorded the sensitivity of 20.30 pm/°C and 2.89 pm/µɛ over the temperature and strain range of 25–225°C and 50-2050 µɛ, respectively. These data were recorded with the strain resolution of ± 10 µɛ whereas the resolution for the temperature is ± 0.50°C. The experimental results show the potentiality of the sensor for measuring the strain and temperature simultaneously with higher intrinsic sensitivity and resolution.
Using a pilot study to evaluate an assessment strategy for a future Stage III efficacy trial: Example from tuned lighting demonstration
Authors: McCreedy Ellen , Mills Caroline , Baier Rosa , Noell-Waggoner Eunice , Miller Naomi , Stringer Scott , Uth Rebecca , Gifford David , Wetle Terrie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Poor sleep among residents in nursing homes is common and associated with decreased function and falls. Tunable lighting which mimics both day and night exposure may improve sleep. In this pilot study, we evaluate an assessment strategy to determine the appropriate outcome measure for a future Stage III efficacy trial.
Methods
This pilot study uses a crossover design, in which three hallways were randomized to tunable LED or static lighting for two months (December 2018-January, 2019) and then switched to the other condition for two months (February-March, 2019). Residents who had been in the nursing home for at least 90 days were eligible. We measured sleep (primary) and agitation (secondary) outcomes using key informant interviews and available administrative data. We measured sleep by interviewing staff using the Sleep Disorders Inventory (SDI) and Minimum Data Set (MDS) resident assessments. We measured agitation by interviewing staff using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and MDS assessments. We used McNemar’s test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests to compare within-person changes for all measures.
Results
62 residents, 35 of whom had dementia, had complete MDS and SDI data available. The average resident age was 90 and 77% were Asian. The percent of residents with any sleep disturbances was lower in the tuned vs. static lighting conditions based on MDS measure (4.8% tuned, 14.5% static, p < .10); no difference was observed using the SDI (33.9% tuned, 37.1% static). Sleep disturbances were less frequent in the tuned vs. static lighting conditions for both the MDS and SDI measures (p < .10). No significant differences were observed for agitated behaviors.
Conclusions
Results suggest that the available MDS sleep measure under detects disturbances compared to the gold standard staff interview. Efficacy trials should consider staff interview as primary study outcome. Sensitivity to change in the MDS-based sleep measure could be tested in Stage III trial to determine appropriateness for Stage IV, pragmatic trial.
Rh and Kell blood group antigen prevalence in a multi-ethnic cohort in Nigeria: implications for local transfusion service
Authors: Adewoyin A.S. , Lee G.M. , Adeyemo T.A. , Awodu O.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antigens belonging to the Rh and Kell blood group systems are of major clinical significance because of their immunogenicity and the potential of their consequent antibodies to cause in vivo destruction of exogenous red blood cells (RBCs). Despite the wide-spread use of transfusion, there are sparse data on the prevalence of Rh and Kell system antigens and their ethnic variability in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the five major Rh (D, C, c, E, e) and Kell (K) system antigens in Nigeria with the goal of understanding alloimmunization risk in transfusion recipients and improving transfusion safety through the availability of resources, such as antisera for extended RBC typing and antigen panels for alloantibody detection. A multi-ethnic cohort of 302 healthy Nigerian individuals was created to study RBC antigen prevalence. The antigen status of these individuals for Rh and K antigens was determined using commercially prepared antisera and conventional tube agglutination methods. The prevalence of the Rh antigens in the study cohort was found to be: D (92.7%), C (20.5%), c (97.7%), E (19.5%), and e (97.4%). Dce was the most common Rh phenotype (53.3%). The prevalence of K was 0 percent. For all antigens, there was no association between ethnicity and antigen prevalence. This study is the first to document the prevalence of the major Rh and K antigens in the Nigerian population, using a multi-ethnic cohort. Serologic testing demonstrates a zero prevalence of K antigen, which has never been described. C and E pose the higher risks of alloimmunization, hence showing a need for extended RBC typing and matching in at-risk blood recipients. This study demonstrates that phenotyping for major Rh and K antigens within the Nigerian population can potentially improve transfusion safety and prevent alloimmunization.
Immunohematology

2018;34:61–65.
Utility of chloroquine diphosphate in the blood bank laboratory
Authors: Aye T. , Arndt P.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) is a helpful tool in the blood bank for two main applications. The most common application is to render direct antiglobulin test–positive red blood cells (RBCs) free from membrane-bound IgG; these treated RBCs can then be used for autologous adsorption and/or to determine the patient’s RBC phenotype. Another common use of CDP is to remove human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) from RBCs to help identify or exclude the presence of antibodies to HLAs expressed on RBCs, for example, Bennett-Goodspeed (Bg) antigens. In this review, the principles, applications, and limitations of using CDP are discussed.
Immunohematology

2018;34:98–102.
Blood chimerism in twins
Authors: Tavares L. , Da Costa D.C. , Batschauer A.P.B. , Jobim L.F.J. , Ewald G.M. , Mello C. , Velazquez E.S.A. , Geraldo A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chimerism is a phenomenon in which an individual has cells with different genetic content from different zygotes. In dizygotic twins (DTs), chimerism is believed to occur through placental anastomoses that enable the bidirectional exchange of hematopoietic stem cells. Little is still known about chimerism frequency in twins, but several studies have shown a relation between chimerism and some conditions such as autism, Alzheimer’s disease, and a group of autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. In addition to chimerism of ABO blood groups being possibly mistaken for ABO subgroups, these autoimmune diseases may affect other serologic immunohematologic tests. This study aimed to determine the frequency of chimerism in DTs through ABO and D testing using the tube method, column agglutination, and short tandem repeat (STR) assays. Among the 103 subjects assessed for this study, 24 subjects (12 pairs) were excluded because STR assays showed they were monozygotic; of the remaining, 70 subjects (35 pairs) were DTs and 9 subjects came from gestations of trizygotic triplets. No ABO or D chimerism was detected in any subject through serologic assays, and STR assays did not detect any blood chimerism. Although there was no evidence of chimerism found in this study, we emphasize the importance of observing the family background of individuals with suspected ABO subgroup in complex immunohematologic studies because ABO antigen–antibody reactions are similar in both circumstances, and chimerism can be overlooked. Moreover, the use of the STR analysis method in chimerism studies can be important to help differentiate chimerism and ABO subgroups.
Immunohematology

2018;34:151–157.
INTENSITAS CAHAYA ALAMI PADA RUANG KELAS PERKULIAHAN
Authors: Hamdy Muh. Awaluddin , Jamala Nurul , Rahim Ramli , Hamzah Baharuddin , Mulyadi Rosady , Kusno Asniawaty 
Published: April 2021

Title: Natural Light Intensity Analysis in Classroom; Case Study: Classroom at Bosowa University
Lighting is an important part of buildings in supporting the productivity of human labor. Insufficient lighting can interfere with human activities and could cause health problems, like eye disorders. Building design must consider the functions and needs so that residents can feel comfortable. Good lighting levels can be achieved by utilizing natural and artificial lighting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of illumination in a room that is directly related to the openings of the building envelope and to analyze the different levels of illumination in classrooms with different orientations. Quantitative research methods by distributing measurement data in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs. Data analysis was performed using statistics and data analysis techniques, the results of the measurement were statistically descriptive. This study analyzed the differences in the level of illumination in the northern orientation and southern orientation classrooms. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the orientation of the building affects the level of illumination in the room. During the day the level of illumination is higher in the direction of orientation north than the direction of orientation south, especially the measurement point in the area close to the openings of the building envelope, but in this study the direction of classroom orientation towards the south is higher the level of illumination compared to the north orientation classrooms. This is understood by the treatment of building glass sheaths in the north orientation direction in the form of the use of frosted glass wallpaper, so it can be concluded that changes to the building facade affect the level of room illumination. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in building facade concepts and designing energy-efficient buildings.
IDENTIFIKASI ARSITEKTUR TROPIS PADA BANGUNAN LAMA DI JALAN SITI KHADIJAH KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Wardhani Fitrianty , Oktavallyan Dwi 
Published: April 2021

Title: Identify tropical architecture in the old building at Jalan Siti Khadijah Bengkulu City
Tropical architecture tries to deal with the tropical climate problems characterized by heavy rain, blazing sun, high air temperatures, high humidity (for humid tropics), and low wind speeds. The realization of a sustainable tropical city requires building environmentally responsive designs. The efforts could be made, such as selecting materials and models on buildings' external and internal appearance that suit to tropical city. Old buildings used to be built to adapt to the local climate. One of them is the old buildings on Khadijah street, which the existence is almost gone now. This study aims to identify the tropics element in old buildings that have adapted to the tropical climate. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method in case studies through observation and identification of the application of tropical architectural elements in the external appearance (building and roof orientation) and the internal appearance in the building (space, floor, wall, and opening patterns). The aim of this research is to fulfill the arguments for the community about the significance of maintaining the old buildings. This finding is needed to provide a logical reason for the community and government to conserve the old buildings in Bengkulu City.
KESIAPAN KAMPUS UNTUK KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN YANG BERADAPTASI DALAM ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Sudharsono Edward S. , Bawole Paulus 
Published: April 2021

Title: Campus Readiness Toward Lecture Activities in the New Normal Era
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been going on for so long, is not yet known when it will end. Under these conditions, all activities that involve large numbers of people need to seek prevention against the risk of disease transmission. Lecture activities that are usually carried out face-to-face (offline) are currently conducted online. However, at certain times the lecture activities must be done offline. At the Department of Architecture – Duta Wacana Christain University (UKDW), some of the offline lecture activities are carried out in the studio room. Although not every day, this activity still has a chance for disease transmission. For this reason, offline lectures at UKDW need to be reviewed so that all activities that take place on campus can prevent disease transmission as much as possible. Regulation of the Minister of Health regarding health protocols and other related regulations are used to identify the readiness of lecture rooms, especially studio rooms in which the lecture activities in the Architecture Department - UKDW are carried out. The problem that happens is the risk of transmission due to the level of readiness of the studio room and the layout of the furniture in fulfilling the standard health protocol. This study applies a descriptive - qualitative method with data taken from observation and interviews. The results of the examination of the studio rooms show that the studio rooms still need to be adapted to standard health protocols and other applicable regulations.
O IDEB E SEUS EFEITOS NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO ESCOLAR
Authors: Richter Leonice Matilde , Vieira Silva Maria 
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa os efeitos do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica na organização do trabalho pedagógico de 29 escolas estaduais mineiras. Pesquisa realizada por meio da análise dos índices e entrevistas com os/as profissionais das instituições. Os resultados evidenciam que os índices incitam as escolas a produzirem estratégias pedagógicas e gestoriais para garantir ou melhorar o desempenho. Contudo, existem diferenças nos efeitos de acordo com as metas e os resultados alcançados pelas escolas envolvidas na pesquisa.
Flow control in a multichamber settling basin by sluice gates driven by a CFD and an ancillary analytical model
Authors: Nikolić Miloš V. , Karamarković Rade M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unequal flow distribution between the chambers of a three-chamber settling basin causes its malfunction and endangers the turbines of a small hydropower plant. To equalize the flows, sluice gates are used. To find their positions, the following methodologies are considered: (1) measurements combined with trial-and-error method (TAE), (2) measurements with regression analysis (RA), (3) CFD model combined with TAE, (4) CFD model with RA, (5) CFD model supported by a one-dimensional flow model, and (6) CFD model with an analytical model. The additional models and RA are intended to speed up the solution finding. From the previous list, only the sixth methodology is applicable. The first four are not because of the weir design, and the fifth because of the three-dimensional flow character. Initially, the CFD model of the side-weir intake was developed and validated. Afterward, the analytical model, which consists of a system of three pressure drop equations for three parallel and partly imaginary streams, is formed. The local flow resistances in the analytical model are determined by the CFD model combined with RA. To equalize the flows, three solutions with (i) fix, (ii) fix in a range of flows, and (iii) variable positions of the sluice gates are analyzed.
A practical tool to support ecosystem-based management in a river ecosystem: a case study of the Yellow River in China
Authors: Zhao Zhongnan , Yu Lili , Zhang Yue , Tian Ying , Yuan Yong , An Nan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is widely applied in marine and coastal ecosystems. However, its implementation in river basins is limited. This limitation is attributed to the lack of practical tools, which combine the general principles of EBM and the unique features of river ecosystems, to provide information for policy-making. A method to support EBM in rivers is proposed in the present study. This method analyzes the ecosystem by quantifying multiple relationships among natural and human components and considering the spatial heterogeneity in external activities and ecosystem resilience. Using this method, policies are prioritized in an EBM plan by systematically evaluating the effects of external activities on the ecosystem services. The application of this method in policy-making in the EBM context is presented in a case study using the Yellow River in China. As a practical tool, this method can help practitioners improve the implementation of EBM in river ecosystems.
Novel Treatment for Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation in a Patient with Novel Homozygote Mutation of PMM2: A Case Report and Review Literature
Authors: Madani Sedigheh , Sayarifard Fatemeh , Tajdini Parisa , Mohsenipour Reihaneh , Khoram khorshid Hamid Reza , Rezaei Nima 
Published: April 2021

Background:
In Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) type Ia, homozygous mutations of the PMM2 gene cause phosphomannomutase 2 dysfunction.

Case presentation:
Herein, a 10-month-old girl is presented with severe hypotonia along with inappropriately normal mental status and normal facies. High 2-ketoglutaric acid was detected in her urine; therefore the diagnosis of 2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KDHC) deficiency was made for this patient. High dose of vitamin B1 was administered, because thiamine is considered as a co-factor in this inborn error of metabolism. She responded very well to daily administration of 500 mg/day vitamin B1 and stood up without help 5 months later. She had experienced seizure, which responded well to pyridoxine. Now, she is a 3.5-years-old child, who could talk and walk normally. Recently, whole exome sequencing was performed for her, which showed homozygote mutation of PMM2; therefore the diagnosis was changed from KDHC deficiency to PMM2-CDG.

Conclusion:
Attention to the pathophysiology of inborn errors of metabolism is necessary, while considering the defective enzymes co-factor may help us to find an option for treatment of such rare diseases.