bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Intlet Pressure Boundary Conditions for CT-Based Computation of FFRSS: Clinical Measurement of Aortic Pressure
Authors: Liu Jincheng , Wang Xue , Ma Junling , Liu Jian , Liu Youjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: With the development of medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a fast calculation method of steady-state fractional flow reserve (FFRss) based on CTA images has been applied to predict myocardial ischemia. Whilst this is a reliable non-invasive method of calculating FFR, assumptions involved in the analysis still need to be investigated for further improvement in predictive accuracy. In this study, we analyzed the influence of inlet and outlet boundary conditions on FFRSS.Methods: A clinical trial was carried out in Peking University People's Hospital. We enrolled 15 patients with coronary heart disease. All patients underwent coronary CTA examination, aortic pressure measurement and FFR catheter surgery. In order to better reflect the relationship between different entrance boundary conditions and FFRss, we used the invasive measurement of FFR as the standard, and calculated FFRss for 15 patients with coronary heart disease with different degrees of stenosis. The boundary conditions are divided into two groups: (1) pressure calculated based on physiological formula; (2) clinically measured aortic pressure. Based on the boundary conditions calculated by the physiological formula, we further studied the changes of FFRss under different coronary vasodilation responses (12%-48% baseline).Results: The research results show that although the pressure difference between the two pressure boundary conditions is 15mmHg, the FFRss calculation result does not change significantly. With the change of the vasodilation state, the microcirculation resistance of the exit boundary condition gradually increased, and the calculated FFR value increased.Conclusions: We found that changes in the microcirculation resistance of coronary stenoses have a huge impact on FFRss. The changes in FFRss values caused by boundary conditions are due to the overestimation of the vasodilation response. Therefore, individualizing the hyperemia state of the stenotic vessel microcirculation resistance value is an effective method to improve the calculation of FFR.
Recurrent Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Associated With Family History of Encephalopathy: Clinical Experience And Literature Review
Authors: Yang Yanli , Yin Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Yang Yang , He Cheng , Liu Heng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare acute encephalopathy secondary to infection, which is characterized by convulsion and disturbance of consciousness. Besides, recurrent cases with family history are rarer. To the best of our knowledge, only 12 cases reported were recurrent with family history of encephalopathy in the world. The aim of this study is to report a rare case of recurrent ANE with family history of encephalopathy to provide clinical data for future research of ANE.Case report: A boy had a history of febrile convulsions when he was 1 year old. A few years later, he was hospitalized twice because of convulsions when he was 4 years old and 7 years old. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on two hospitalizations. Brain CT in the first admission showed low density lesions in bilateral temporal lobes hippocampus and further MRI after 3 days found lesions in bilateral temporal lobe hippocampus, insular lobes, ventrolateral thalamus and pons. Due to the bilateral and symmetrical lesions, metabolic diseases were suspected. When the boy was 7 years old, brain CT was normal while MRI showed multiple lesions in bilateral thalamus, left hippocampus and brainstem. According to the boy's clinical data and MRI findings, pediatrician diagnosed the child as ANE. After 7 days of treatment, he was discharged with slight lameness in the right lower limb.Conclusion: It reports a Chinese child of recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy with family history of encephalopathy and reviewed cases similar to him. Diagnosis should be combined with its clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging results. Clinicians need to improve their understanding in order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment so as to improve prognosis and reduce the occurrence of sequelae.
Anaerobic Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using A Biofilm-Electrode Reactor: A Kinetic Study And Energy Consumption
Authors: Mirshafiee Amir , Rezaee Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study introduced a laboratory-scale, anaerobic treatment system for the removal of oil from synthetic wastewr using a biofilm-electrode reactor (BER). The operating parameters of current intensity, initial concentration, reaction time, and supporting electrolyte were investigated. The results of the present study showed that the optimal conditions were: a current intensity of 15 mA, COD concentration of 1500 mg/L, a reaction time of three days, and a supporting electrolyte (NaCl) of 150 mg/L. The highest efficiency for the removal of COD was 86.7% using the introduced method, while it was 65.9% using biological processes. Increased efficiency was attributed to the employment of the proposed bioelectrochemical system that stimulated bacterial growth. In the present study, the energy consumed by the bioelectrochemical system was 1.914 kWh/m3. The kinetic study indicated that the removal reaction was more consistent with the modified Stover-Kincannon model. The present study findings indicated that BER is a promising method for the treatment of oil-contaminated wastewaters.
Spatiotemporal evolution and assembly processes of ammonia-oxidising prokaryotic communities in coastal reclaimed soils
Authors: Hussain Sarfraz , Yin Yifan , Liu Senlin , Yan Shanshan , Chen Dongjie , Wang Feng , Hui Cao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn microbial ecology, the processes underlying functional community assembly and spatiotemporal effect are often ignored. The effects of land management and reclamation of coastal marshes on microbial communities have been studied with great interest; however, most of these studies have described short-term changes in soil microbial community dynamics. Therefore, ammonia-oxidising prokaryotic communities that play an essential role in nitrogen cycling have not been studied in long-term reclamations of coastal marshes. Here, we investigated archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidising prokaryotic communities in coastal salt marsh soils that were reclaimed over 1000 years, evaluating the abundance, composition, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity by using qPCR and IonS5TMXL sequencing platforms. We analysed phylogenetic diversity and assemblages of ammonia oxidisers using the Nearest Related Index , Nearest Taxon Index , beta Mean Nearest Taxon Distance and beta Nearest Taxon Index . ResultsThe taxonomic & phylogenetic alpha diversity and composition of the ammonia-oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations along reclamation of soil. Phylogenetic beta diversity indices, Weighted UniFrac dissimilarity and beta Mean Nearest Taxon Distance of both communities were positively correlated with geographical distance and environmental variables. Across all sites, the archaeal ammonia-oxidising community assembled by a deterministic process (84.71%). The bacterial ammonia-oxidising community was formed more by a stochastic process in coastal marshes and at reclamation stage 60 years (|βNTI|<2), despite its relatively dominant deterministic process (55.2%). Archaeal amoA gene abundance increased significantly among reclamation stages and was positively correlated with the nitrification rate. ConclusionOur study revealed that during the 1000 years of reclamation coastal wetlands (1) a clear spatiotemporal evolution of the amoA gene harboured prokaryotic communities; (2) the soil properties and N cycling were significantly affected; and (3) the significant impact on ammonia oxidisers assemblages’ dynamics. These findings provide a better understanding of how long-term land management affect soil N cycling and ammonia-oxidising communities including assembly dynamics, abundance and community distribution. Further researches are needed to study the effect of soil disruption and community assembly processes on soil nitrogen cycling, such as nitrogen fixation and denitrification, in order to exploit the functional microbial population in predictable ways, improve crop yields and soil sustainability.
A rare and interesting case of desmoid-type fibromatosis arising from the fat layer of the abdominal wall: A case report
Authors: Jiang Chuang , Xie Dan , Liu Hu , Tang Yunyou , Liao Mingheng , Wang Huaisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is a rare kind of soft-tissue tumors of unknown origin, which is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm with monoclonal proliferation with local invasion, easy recurrence and non-distant metastasis. It is usually arising from the aponeurosis, muscle, and deep fascia, but DTF arsing from the fat layer have not been previously reported.
Case presentation:

A 22-year-old male was presented with a recurrence of lower abdominal wall mass(LAWM) after multiple operations and a new mass in the skin flap donor area of the right abdominal wall. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple soft tissue masses and nodules in the subcutaneous fat layer of the lower abdomen and right abdomen wall, which was considered a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma, then pathological consultation was performed on the paraffin specimens from previous operations, and finally confirmed the diagnosis of desmoid-type fibromatosis in combination with pathological characteristics of the resected specimens in this visit. In general, DTF did not have the ability to metastasize, but we extracted paraffin sections and performed full exon sequencing. After personalized analysis, the results showed that there was a possibility of implantative metastasis. Due to the aggressive growth and recurrence of the tumor, the patient was subsequently treated with radiotherapy and no recurrence was observed 6 months later. Continued follow-up is ongoing.
Conclusions

We report the first case of DTF that occurs in the superficial layer of fat with the possibility of surgically induced implantative metastasis, for such patients, diagnosis of DTF is more difficult and surgical treatment should be treated with greater caution.
Modeling the impact of culture facilities on hydrodynamic and solute transport in marine aquaculture waters of the North Yellow Sea
Authors: Jiang Hengzhi , Ji Yongpeng , Zhang Mingliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of marine aquaculture facilities are being placed in shallow bays and open sea. In this study, we present a coupled hydrodynamic and solute transport model with high-resolution schemes in marine aquaculture waters based on depth-averaged shallow water equations. A new expression of drag force is incorporated into momentum equations to express the resistance of suspended culture cages. The coupled model is used to simulate the effect of suspended structures on the tidal current and the motion of a contaminant cloud in the marine aquaculture of the North Yellow Sea, China. Simulation results show a low-velocity area inside the aquaculture cage area, with a maximum reduction rate of velocity close to 45% under high-density culture. The results also show that the tidal currents are sensitive to the suspended cage densities, cage length and drag coefficients of cages. The transport processes of pollutants inside aquaculture facilities are inhibited away from the vicinity of the culture cage area because of the reduction in tidal currents; therefore, the suspended cages significantly affect the transport processes of pollutants in coastal aquaculture waters. Furthermore, the reduction in the horizontal velocity can significantly decrease the food supply for aquaculture areas from the outside sea. The results of this study provide new insight into the planning of high-density suspended facilities for coastal aquaculture activities.
Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles a confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis
Authors: Keskin Neslihan Büşra , Aydın Zeliha Uğur , Uslu Gülşah , Özyürek Taha , Erdönmez Demet , Gündoğar Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with different irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n = 10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl + %9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions significantly (P < .05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P < .05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No significant difference was found between CNPs, NaOCl + HEBP and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis.
Backstepping sliding mode control for coupled delayed time fractional reaction diffusion systems subject to boundary input disturbances
Authors: Chen Juan , Zhuang Bo , Chen YangQuan , Yu Yajuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper we develop backstepping-based boundary sliding mode controllers for coupled time fractional reaction diffusion (FRD) systems governed by time fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) with time varying delay and input disturbances. Here, the diffusion coefficients are spatially varying (nonconstant) and can be same or different. To asymptotically stabilize the system, we first use a backstepping transformation to convert the original dynamics into a target dynamics with a new manipulable input and the perturbation. Then, the sliding mode algorithm is employed to design this discontinuous controller to suppress disturbances. In this case, we obtain the combined backstepping/sliding mode controller of the original dynamics, with which the closed-loop asymptotic stability is proved by the fractional Halanay's inequality. Fractional numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed synthesis.
High-Intensity Laser Therapy Can Be Beneficial in People With Subacromial Pain Syndrome, but We Need To Combine It With Exercise for Better Results: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Yeşilyaprak Sevgi Sevi , PASKAL Seda , KOŞAY M. Can , HAPA Onur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Imidacloprid in Tadpoles of Leptodactylus Latrans and Physalaemus Cuvieri (Anura: Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Samojeden Caroline Garcia , Pavan Felipe André , Rutkoski Camila Fátima , Folador Alexandre , Fré Silvia Pricila Da , Müller Caroline , Hartmann Paulo Afonso , Hartmann Marilia Teresinha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used worldwide, but which can cause adverse effects on non-target organisms, especially in aquatic environments. This study aimed to evaluate the chronic toxicity of an insecticide-based imidacloprid in amphibians, using Leptodactylus latrans and Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. The parameters of survival, swimming activity, body size, damage to body structures and genotoxicity for both species were analyzed; and the ecological risk of this insecticide calculated. Chronic short-term assay was carried out for 168 h (7 days) and five concentrations of imidacloprid, between 3 and 300 µg L-1, were tested. The insecticide did not affect the tadpoles survival tadpoles; however, both species tested showed smaller body size, damage to the mouth and intestine and the induction of micronuclei and other erythrocytes nuclear abnormalities after exposure to imidacloprid-based herbicide. Insecticide exposure affected the swimming activity in L. latrans, which contributes to the greater sensitivity of L. latrans to imidacloprid when compared to P. cuvieri. All parameters analyzed indicated that the insecticide presents an ecological risk for both species at concentrations greater than 3 µg L-1. This demonstrates the genotoxicity of the insecticide imadacloprid, which can contribute to the population decline of L. latrans and P. cuvieri species in natural systems.
Laparoscopic Resection Combined With Aspiration for Central Renal Angiomyolipoma：Preliminary Outcomes of a Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: zhang dong , cheng yue , jiang junhui , jiang zhaohu , zhou cheng , Yan Zejun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this article was to explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic resection combined with aspiration in a selected cohort of 17 patients with central renal angiomyolipoma(RAML). Methods17 patients diagnosed with central RAML by the pathological report and CT/MRI were enrolled in our center from August 2015 to November 2019. The indication for surgery was tumor size more than 4cm or symptomatic tumor such as hemorrhage, backache or hematuria. The main endpoint included operative time, warm ischemia time(WIT), intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital time, complications and renal function.ResultsThe average age was 45.3±4.8 years, 12 patients were women, 5 patients were men. Of all cases，10 underwent peritoneal laparoscopic resection and 7 underwent retroperitoneal surgery. All operations were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery. One patient experienced collecting system injury managed by 3-0 barbed self-retaining suture. The average size of the tumors was (6.9±2.3)cm. The average operation time，blood loss, WIT, and postoperative hospital time were (105.3±19.5)min, (145.8±35.7)ml, (25.6±4.2)min and 5-7 days, respectively. No complications happened in the postoperative period, and there were no local recurrence and distant metastases at a 28.5 month follow-up period. Pre-operative and post-operative serum creatinine(SCr) were (67.6±15.8)μmol/L and (65.4±16.8)μmol/L, indicating no significant renal function drop was found. Similarly, no significant difference was found in terms of preoperative and postoperative diseased renal glomerular filtration rate（GFR）value. The main limitation included the sample size and short follow-up time.ConclusionsThe results of this study supported that laparoscopic resection combined with aspiration was a feasible, safe and effective procedure in the treatment of RAML, especially for the large central RAML which is closely related to the collection system and renal blood vessels.
Dark Stress to Improve Lipid Quantity and Quality in Acid-Tolerant Microalgae Exposed to Simulated (6% CO2) Flue Gas
Authors: Desjardins Sabrina Marie , Laamanen Corey Alfred , Muinonen Sari , Basiliko Nathan , Scott John Ashley 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of CO2 rich industrial flue gases to support cultivation of microalgae to produce lipids for biofuel and other applications is an increasingly researched option. However, this approach presents a challenge, as whilst flue gasses typically contain 6-10% CO2, excessive medium acidification can be caused by the presence of NOx and SO2. The use of acidophilic or acid-tolerant species is a possible solution, but little is known about these microalgae. In this study we investigated the growth of a bioprospected acid-tolerant mixed photosynthetic green microalgae culture (91% dominated by a single Coccomyxa sp. taxon) at pH 2.5 and fed with a simulated flue gas containing 6% CO2 and 94% N2. At the end of the exponential growth phase, lipid accumulation and profiles, and the elemental composition of biomass were analysed over one week during which biomass was exposed to either continued light-dark cycle conditions or continual dark conditions. After three days of dark stress, the biomass consisted of approximately 28% of lipids, which was 42% higher than at the end of the exponential phase and 55% higher than the maximum lipid content achieved under light/dark conditions. Oleic acid (C18:1), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the dominant fatty acids at the end of the exponential phase, and light-dark and dark-treated biomass, respectively. Dark stress conditions favoured polyunsaturated fatty acid production and showed an increase in nitrogen content. This suggests that the use of dark stress to stimulate production of desirable lipids is a no-cost alternative to other commonly used stressors.
A LASSO Analysis of Maternal, Obstetric, and Perinatal Predictors of Autism
Authors: Ron Michal , Pohl Alexa , Aizenberg Dan , Simantov Tslil , Ruigrok Amber , Smith Paula , Lombardo Michael , Allison Carrie , Eran Alal , Baron-Cohen Simon , Uzefovsky Florina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. While genetics is clearly implicated in the etiology of autism, other biological factors may also increase the likelihood of an autism diagnosis. Many of these pertain to obstetric history and maternal medical conditions, but as they tend to co-occur it is difficult to ascertain which ones are most predictive of child's autism.Methods. Women reported regarding their medical history and the pregnancy history of their first-born (N=557, 34.5% of children diagnosed with autism) and second-born (N=374, 28.1% of children diagnosed with autism) children. In Study 1, the first-born and second-born data were analyzed separately using LASSO, which enables the selection of variables most associated with child's autism. In Study 2, obstetric course and perinatal factors were compared for siblings discordant for autism (N mothers= 132, 61.7% males), thus allowing to control for many genetic and environmental aspects. Results. Study 1 revealed maternal medical conditions, obstetric course factors, and perinatal factors predictive of child's autism (15 and 20 predictors for the first and second child analyses, respectively). Factors that replicated across the two pregnancies were among others, infertility, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, and Type II diabetes. Study 2 revealed that maternal vaginal bleeding differentiated the pregnancy course of children later diagnosed with autism from neurotypical children.Limitations. The medical information analyzed in this study is based on participants' recollection. While this approach allows to collect information regarding medical symptoms that may not have been logged in official medical records, participants might have forgotten relevant information. Future studies would benefit from combining self-report and health-provider recorded data. Conclusions. This is one of few studies to analyze a large set of predictors, spanning maternal medical conditions, obstetric course, and perinatal factors. Analyzing these together, using machine-learning methods, allows us to disentangle the specific factors associated with child's autism. Study 2 enabled us to examine this within families, thus passively controlling for genetic and non-specific environmental effects. Our findings highlight the pregnancy course and maternal fertility factors which are of importance for predicting child's autism.