bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The well-being of newly regularized migrant workers: Determinants of their satisfaction with life as compared to undocumented migrant workers and regular local residents
Authors: Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Duvoisin Aline , Consoli Liala , Fakhoury Julien , Jackson Yves 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubjective assessments of well-being are becoming routine indicators, considering that material resources are insufficient to capture people’s satisfaction with life. Examining the unique situation of undocumented migrant workers, driven by aspirations for a better life but constrained by their limited rights in the country of destination, we assess their satisfaction with life and the factors that matter in their evaluations. Data were collected in Geneva (Switzerland), in a study comparing those who have just received a residency permit or about to obtaining it after submitting a regularization request (n = 195) with those who were still undocumented and/or had not submitted a regularization request at the time of our study (n = 231). In addition, comparisons were made with a sample of regular local residents (n = 175). Data obtained through standardized questionnaires include a range of material and non-material determinants, some unique to migrants and others common to the three populations. Satisfaction with life is significantly lower among undocumented migrant workers while those who are regularized and regular local residents report similar levels of well-being. Social participation, self-reported health and discrimination are associated to satisfaction with life among undocumented migrant workers. Among those being regularized, having been longer in the country of destination is associated with lower well-being. Among regular local residents, the only significant factor for a better satisfaction with life is having a partner. Material determinants, while distributed in vastly different levels, do not influence satisfaction with life. Despite the high satisfaction expressed by those who have recently been regularized, policy intervention still have to pay attention to their persisting difficult socioeconomic circumstances amidst a context of overall affluence.
All that glitters are not gold: holds true in female adnexal lesions
Authors: Hussain Mohamed Rafi Kathar , Kulasekeran N. , Anand A. M. , Dhinadhyalan Rajasree 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Adnexal mass lesions are commonly encountered pathologies that creates diagnostic challenges for radiologist. Diffusion weighted imaging is a vital tool in the radiologist armamentarium for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adnexal lesions other than routine spine echo sequences.

Main body
Functional information about the lesion regarding the mobility of the water molecules in its tissue is assessed by diffusion weighted imaging. In addition to the solid malignant neoplasm, normal blood, fat, necrosis and pus also shows restricted diffusion.

Conclusion
All the lesion that shows restriction in the DWI are not malignant, but converse is mostly true. Knowledge regarding the non-malignant lesion in the ovary that shows restricted diffusion will give a clue in diagnosis, management and treatment of the adnexal lesions.
Why are feasibility studies accessing routinely collected health data? A systematic review
Authors: Mirza Aziza , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , Lensen Sarah , Murray Macey L. , Diaz-Montana Carlos , Carpenter James , Sydes Matthew R. , Love Sharon B. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Feasibility trials are often undertaken to determine whether a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) is achievable. In a recent review, 15 feasibility trials accessed routinely collected health data (RCHD) from UK national databases and registries. This paper looks at attributes of these trials and the reasons why they accessed RCHD. Methods: We extracted data from all publicly available sources for the 15 feasibility studies found in a previous review of trials successfully accessing RCHD in the UK between 2013–2018 for the purpose of informing or supplementing participant data. We extracted trial characteristics, the registry accessed, and the way the RCHD was used. Results: The 15 feasibility RCTs were conducted in a variety of disease areas, and were generally small (median sample size 100, range 41–4061) and individually randomised (60%, 9/15). The primary trial outcome was predominantly administrative (non-clinical) (80%, 12/15) such as feasibility of patient recruitment. They were more likely to recruit from secondary care (67%, 10/15) settings than primary (33%, 5/15). NHS Digital was the most commonly accessed registry (33% (5/15)) with SAIL databank (20% (3/15)), electronic Data Research and Innovation Service (eDRIS) and Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANET) (each 13% 2/15) also being accessed. Where the information was clear, the trials used RCHD for data collection during the trial (47%, 7/15), follow-up after the trial (27%, 4/15) and recruitment (13%, 2/15). Conclusions: Between 2013 and 2018, 15 feasibility trials successfully accessed UK RCHD. Feasibility trials would benefit, as with other trials, from guidance on reporting the use of RCHD in protocols and publications.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse community: descriptive findings from the Born in Bradford study
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Lockyer Bridget , Moss Rachael H. , Endacott Charlotte , Kelly Brian , Bridges Sally , Crossley Kirsty L. , Bryant Maria , Sheldon Trevor A. , Wright John , Pickett Kate E. , McEachan Rosemary R.C. ,   Bradford Institute for Health Research COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: August 2021

Background: The roll out of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are underway in the UK, and ensuring good uptake in vulnerable communities will be critical to reducing hospital admissions and deaths. There is emerging evidence that vaccine hesitancy is higher in ethnic minorities and deprived areas, and that this may be caused by distrust and misinformation in the community. This study aims to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse and deprived population of Bradford through the Born in Bradford (BiB) research programme. Methods: Surveys were sent to parents in BiB who had taken part in a previous Covid-19 survey (n=1727). Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and deprivation. Answers to a question asking the main reason for hesitancy was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 535 (31%) of those invited between 29 th October-9 th December 2020 participated. 48% were White British, 37% Pakistani heritage and 15% from other ethnicities; 46% were from the most deprived quintile of the Index of Multiple Deprivation. 29% of respondents do want a vaccine, 10% do not. The majority had not thought about it (29%) or were unsure (30%). Vaccine hesitancy differed by ethnicity and deprivation: 43% (95% CIs: 37-54%) of White British and 60% (35-81%) in the least deprived areas do want a vaccine, compared to 13% (9-19%) of Pakistani heritage and 20% (15-26%) in the most deprived areas. Reasons for not wanting a vaccine were commonly explained by confusion and distrust which was linked to exposure to misinformation. Conclusions: There is a risk of unequitable roll out of the vaccination programme in the UK with higher vaccine hesitancy in ethnic minorities and those living in deprived areas. There is an urgent need to tackle misinformation that is leading to uncertainty and confusion about the vaccines.
Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 1: a large, quasi-representative survey with qualitative follow-up measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain
Authors: Dema Emily , Copas Andrew J , Clifton Soazig , Conolly Anne , Blake Margaret , Riddell Julie , Boso Perez Raquel , Tanton Clare , Bonell Chris , Sonnenberg Pam , Mercer Catherine H , Mitchell Kirstin R , Field Nigel 
Published: August 2021

Background: Britain’s National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) have been undertaken decennially since 1990 and provide a key data source underpinning sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of sexual lifestyles, triggering an urgent need for population-level data on sexual behaviour, relationships, and service use at a time when gold-standard in-person, household-based surveys with probability sampling were not feasible. We designed the Natsal-COVID study to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the nation’s SRH and assessed the sample representativeness. Methods: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 data collection was conducted four months (29/7-10/8/2020) after the announcement of Britain’s first national lockdown (23/03/2020). This was an online web-panel survey administered by survey research company, Ipsos MORI. Eligible participants were resident in Britain, aged 18-59 years, and the sample included a boost of those aged 18-29. Questions covered participants’ sexual behaviour, relationships, and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British general population. Participants meeting criteria of interest and agreeing to recontact were selected for qualitative follow-up interviews. Comparisons were made with contemporaneous national probability surveys and Natsal-3 (2010-12) to understand bias. Results: 6,654 participants completed the survey and 45 completed follow-up interviews. The weighted Natsal-COVID sample was similar to the general population in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, rurality, and, among sexually-active participants, numbers of sexual partners in the past year. However, the sample was more educated, contained more sexually-inexperienced people, and included more people in poorer health. Conclusions: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 rapidly collected quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the early population-level impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on SRH in Britain and inform policy. Although sampling was less representative than the decennial Natsals, Natsal-COVID will complement national surveillance data and Natsal-4 (planned for 2022).
The Chagas disease study landscape: A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level data platform
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , Dahal Prabin , Rashan Sumayyah , Ngu Roland , Boon Anca , Forsyth Colin , Strub-Wourgaft Nathalie , Chatelain Eric , Barreira Fabiana , Sosa-Estani Sergio , Guérin Philippe J. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~6–7 million people worldwide. Significant limitations still exist in our understanding of CD. Harnessing individual participant data (IPD) from studies could support more in-depth analyses to address the many outstanding research questions. This systematic review aims to describe the characteristics and treatment practices of clinical studies in CD and assess the breadth and availability of research data for the potential establishment of a data-sharing platform.

Methodology/Principal findings
This review includes prospective CD clinical studies published after 1997 with patients receiving a trypanocidal treatment. The following electronic databases and clinical trial registry platforms were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Clintrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP.
Of the 11,966 unique citations screened, 109 (0.9%) studies (31 observational and 78 interventional) representing 23,116 patients were included. Diagnosis for patient enrolment required 1 positive test result in 5 (4.6%) studies (2 used molecular method, 1 used molecular and serology, 2 used serology and parasitological methods), 2 in 60 (55.0%), 3 in 14 (12.8%) and 4 or more in 4 (3.7%) studies. A description of treatment regimen was available for 19,199 (83.1%) patients, of whom 14,605 (76.1%) received an active treatment and 4,594 (23.9%) were assigned to a placebo/no-treatment. Of the 14,605 patients who received an active treatment, benznidazole was administered in 12,467 (85.4%), nifurtimox in 825 (5.6%), itraconazole in 284 (1.9%), allopurinol in 251 (1.7%) and other drugs in 286 (1.9%). Assessment of efficacy varied largely and was based primarily on biological outcome; parasitological efficacy relied on serology in 67/85 (78.8%) studies, molecular methods in 52/85 (61.2%), parasitological in 34/85 (40.0%), microscopy in 3/85 (3.5%) and immunohistochemistry in 1/85 (1.2%). The median time at which parasitological assessment was carried out was 79 days [interquartile range (IQR): 30–180] for the first assessment, 180 days [IQR: 60–500] for second, and 270 days [IQR: 18–545] for the third assessment.

Conclusions/Significance
This review demonstrates the heterogeneity of clinical practice in CD treatment and in the conduct of clinical studies. The sheer volume of potential IPD identified demonstrates the potential for development of an IPD platform for CD and that such efforts would enable in-depth analyses to optimise the limited pharmacopoeia of CD and inform prospective data collection.
Anti-B-cell therapy in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Novikova E. S. , Kotov A. S. 
Published: August 2021

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of central nervous system autoimmune diseases characterized by similar clinical manifestations, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis being the most frequent among them. In most cases, the pathogenesis of NMOSDs is associated with autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). However, AQP4-IgG is not detected in at least 10-20% of patients with NMOSDs. In this subgroup and in patients with isolated transverse myelitis or optic neuritis, IgG antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) were detected. Patients seronegative for both AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG have also been described.Objective: to evaluate rituximab (RTX) effectiveness in preventing relapses and disability in patients with NMOSDs.Patients and methods. The study included 27 patients with NMOSDs (9 men and 18 women) aged 20-51 years who received RTX in 2019-2021. The treatment protocol included intravenous infusions of 1000 mg of RTX on the 1st and 15th days, the second and subsequent courses (maintenance therapy) - intravenous infusions of 1000 mg of RTX once every six months. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by the average annualized relapse rate, the median changes of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes.Results and discussion. The annualized relapse rate at baseline and 18 months after the start of treatment was: all patients (n=27) — 0.6±0.3 and 0.07±0.27(p<0.0001); AQP4-IgG+ patients (n=6) — 1.1±0.9 and 0.17±0.41 (p=0.028); MOG-IgG+ patients (n=14) — 0.4±0.3 and 0.07±0.28(p=0.001); AQP4-IgG-, MOG-IgG-patients (n=7) — 0.8±0.4 and 0.0±0.0 (p=0.018). The EDSSscore at baseline and 18months after the start of treatment was: all patients — 4.5 [3.25; 6.0] and 4.0 [3.0; 5.75] (p=0.679); AQP4-IgG+ — 3.5 [2.625; 4.75] and 3.5 [2.5; 4.5] (p=0.869); MOG-IgG+ - 5.5[3.75; 6.5] and 5.5[2.75; 6.25] (p=0.465); AQP4-IgG-, MOG-IgG- - 4.0[3.75; 5.25] and 3.5[3.0; 3.5] (p=0.043). We observed two clinical relapses during the study period: one in an AQP4-IgG+ male and another one in a MOG-IgG+ woman. There was a significant decrease in the annualized relapse rate in all groups. The disability indicator did not increase during the study period, and in AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG seronegative patients, it slightly but significantly decreased. Brain and spinal cord MRI monitoring during the treatment period revealed new active foci only in two patients with clinical relapses.Conclusion. RTX treatment in NMOSDs is reasonably efficient and safe, but with the obligatory prior patient evaluation and monitoring of treatment results.
Workplace stress and cognitive functions (a population based study of adults aged 25—44 years)
Authors: Gafarov V. V. , Sukhanov A. V. , Gromova E. A. , Panov D. O. , Denisova D. V. , Gagulin I. V. , Gafarova A. V. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: to investigate the effect of workplace stress on cognitive functions of younger men and women (25—44 years) in an open population of Novosibirsk.Patients and methods. The study included a representative sample of Novosibirsk population aged 25—44 years (2013—2016 screening) within the budgetary theme №0541-2014-0004. We screened individuals aged 25—44years: 463 men, mean age 35.94±5.957years, and 546 women, mean age 36.17±5.997 years. Association of workplace stress with cognitive functions were assessed with standardized questions such as: «Has your specialty changed over the past 12 years?», «Do you like your job?» and «How do you rate your work responsibility over the past 12 months?». Cognitive evaluation during screening period included: A.R. Luria 10-words learning task (immediate and delayed recall), Burdon's test, exclusion of concepts «5th extra», animal naming test.Results and discussion. We observed a decrease in semantic associations number among the respondents who did not change their occupation over the past year and among respondents who assess their work responsibility as «low». Verbal logical reasoning was lower in the respondents who assumed that they «did not like» or «did not like at all» their job and also assessed their work responsibility as «low». Auditory verbal shortterm memory, long-term memory, memorization productivity, and attention were worse in the participants who had either «insignificant» or «average» work responsibility.Conclusion. Younger adults experiencing workplace stress have a decrease in cognitive functions.
Additive Fertigung eines hybriden Planetenträgers
Authors: Papke Thomas , Bartels Dominic , Hofmann Harald , Mys Ruslana , Schmidt Michael , Merklein Marion 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Die Gestaltungsfreiheit der additiven Fertigung wird in diesem Beitrag auf einen Planetenträger angewendet. Hierbei erfolgt die Fertigung des additiv gefertigten Volumens auf einem Grundkörper, der Bestandteil des Planetenträgers ist. Dadurch wird eine höhere Steifigkeit erreicht, die unter Torsionsbelastung – im Vergleich zu einer konventionell gefertigten Variante – doppelt so hoch ist. Bei dem Hybridansatz sind die Kosten bei höheren Stückzahlen gegenüber einer rein additiven Fertigung um 6 Prozent geringer.
Maschinelles Lernen bei hohem Variantenreichtum und kleinen Serien
Authors: Ruediger-Flore Patrick , Glatt Moritz , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung wachsen die Forderungen nach der Ausschöpfung des Potentials der dabei erhobenen Daten. Hierfür haben die Methoden des Maschinellen Lernens ihre Praxistauglichkeit bewiesen. Jedoch ergeben sich bei der Anwendung dieser Technologie in Produktionssystemen mit hohem Variantenreichtum und kleinen Serien, vielschichtige Herausforderungen. Das Feature Engineering als Teil der Datenaufbereitung birgt hierbei ein großes Potential zur deren Bewältigung. Anhand des Beispiels der Nutzfahrzeugproduktion werden in diesem Beitrag Handlungsempfehlungen hierzu aufgezeigt.
Integrale und automatisierte Planung von Routenzugsystemen
Authors: Rempel Wladimir , Stache Ulrich , Zoller Christoph S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Die Planung von Routenzugsystemen ist eine komplexe Aufgabe, welche durch gängige Planungsverfahren nur in Teilen unterstützt wird sowie zu hohen manuellen Aufwänden und suboptimalen Lösungen führt. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Verfahren vor, welches die wesentlichen Planungsentscheidungen durch Anwendung eines Genetischen Algorithmus automatisch trifft. Erste Tests zeigen, dass das Verfahren in der Lage ist, ähnlich gute oder bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen als die Planung versierter Industrieplaner.
Retrofits von Regalbediengeräten
Authors: Xu Josef , Fottner Johannes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Regalbediengeräte sind wesentliche Leistungsträger in Intralogistikanlagen. Deren Instandhaltung zur anhaltenden Sicherung einer hohen Verfügbarkeit ist durch Faktoren, wie z. B. Support-Wegfall, aufgrund Bauteil-Abkündigungen limitiert. Um den Lebenszyklus von Regalbediengeräten zu verlängern, eignen sich Retrofits als wirtschaftlich und ökologisch effiziente Lösung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ein methodisches Vorgehen, das Betreiber von Regalbediengeräten bei der Bewertung und Vorbereitung von zukünftigen Retrofits unterstützt.
Sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation after zona pellucida selection
Authors: Ganeva Rumiana , Parvanov Dimitar , Velikova Denitsa , Vasileva Magdalena , Nikolova Kristina , Stamenov Georgi 
Published: August 2021

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and sperm morphological defects can negatively affect ART outcomes. Consequently, there is a need for additional semen processing technique that accounts for sperm DNA status and morphology prior to ICSI. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an additional zona pellucida adhesion-based sperm selection for obtaining sperm populations with a high percentage of normal morphology and DNA integrity as compared to native semen and routine swim-up preparation. Semen samples from 78 normozoospermic men were subjected to swim up and placed in petri dishes coated with 48 acid-solubilized zonae pellucidae. Sperm DNA fragmentation and morphology were assessed in the native semen, the swim-up samples, and the zona-adhered spermatozoa from each patient. The mean sperm DNA fragmentation of the zona-selected spermatozoa (3.5 ± 0.7%) was significantly lower than the swim-up samples (15.3 ± 5.2%) (P  < 0.001) and native semen (24.9 ± 7.1%) (P  < 0.001). All of the samples had lower levels of DNA damage after additional selection by zona pellucida adhesion. Significantly higher percentage of sperm with normal morphology was observed after zona-adhesion selection (11.4 ± 3.9%) when compared to the swim-up samples (8.9 ± 4.3%) (P  < 0.001) or the native semen (5.3 ± 3.2%) (P  < 0.001). In 94% of the samples, the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology increased after the additional zona selection. This study demonstrates that sperm selection by additional zona-adhesion technique yields a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology as well as a significantly decreased level of DNA fragmentation when compared to the native semen and the swim-up-only prepared samples.

Lay summary
High level of DNA folding known as sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) inside each sperm and defects in the shape, size, and structure of the sperm can negatively affect assisted reproduction treatment (ART) outcomes. Consequently, there is a need for additional semen processing techniques that account for sperm quality prior to ART. Our team designed a simple technique using proteins from the coat around the egg (zona pellucida) to enhance sperm selection procedures based on natural sperm–egg interactions. Using this technique in combination with the most common techniques used in ART yields a significantly higher percentage of sperm with normal shape, size, and structure and a decreased level of DNA fragmentation. This sperm zona-selection technique would be beneficial if introduced in the ART practice to yield sperm with higher fertilization potential.