bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty as a Double‐Edged Sword: How CEOs’ Childhood Poverty Experience Affect Firms’ Risk Taking
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Xin , Jia Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study explores the potential effect of chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) childhood poverty experience on firms’ risk taking. By integrating upper echelon theory and life history theory, we show that CEOs with childhood poverty experience are willing to engage in firms’ risk taking due to their perceived survival threat. We also explore a new dimension of perceived survival threat and then propose that the temporal perception of survival threat influences CEOs’ choice of firms’ risk taking. Specifically, the relationship between CEOs’ childhood poverty experience and firms’ risk taking is moderated by CEOs’ current payment as reflected in their different choices of firms’ risk‐taking behaviours. Our empirical study employs a longitudinal analysis of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2003 to 2016. We also performed a two‐stage experiment of Chinese CEOs as a supplementary study to improve internal validity.
Genetics of canine myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: O’Brien M. J. , Beijerink N. J. , Wade C. M. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMyxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease and cause of cardiac death in domestic dogs. MMVD is characterised by slow progressive myxomatous degeneration from the tips of the mitral valves onwards with subsequent mitral valve regurgitation, and left atrial and ventricular dilatation. Although the disease usually has a long asymptomatic period, in dogs with severe disease, mortality is typically secondary to left‐sided congestive heart failure. Although it is not uncommon for dogs to survive long enough in the asymptomatic period to die from unrelated causes; a proportion of dogs rapidly advance into congestive heart failure. Heightened prevalence in certain breeds, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, has indicated that MMVD is under a genetic influence. The genetic characterisation of the factors that underlie the difference in progression of disease is of strong interest to those concerned with dog longevity and welfare. Advanced genomic technologies have the potential to provide information that may impact treatment, prevalence, or severity of MMVD through the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms and the detection of predisposing genetic loci of major effect. Here we describe briefly the clinical nature of the disorder and consider the physiological mechanisms that might impact its occurrence in the domestic dog. Using results from comparative genomics we suggest possible genetic approaches for identifying genetic risk factors within breeds. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed represents a robust resource for uncovering the genetic basis of MMVD.
Genome‐wide selection signal analysis of Australian Boer goat reveals artificial selection imprinting on candidate genes related to muscle development
Authors: Yang B.‐G. , Yuan Y. , Zhou D.‐K. , Ma Y.‐H. , Mahrous K.‐F. , Wang S.‐Z. , He Y.‐M. , Duan X.‐H. , Zhang W.‐Y. , E Guangxin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAs one of the best‐known commercial goat breeds in the world, Boer goat has undergone long‐term artificial selection for nearly 100 years, and its excellent growth rate and meat production performance have attracted considerable worldwide attention. Herein, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from the whole‐genome sequencing data of 46 Australian Boer goats to detect polymorphisms and identify genomic regions related to muscle development in comparison with those of 81 non‐specialized meat goat individuals from Europe, Africa, and Asia. A total of 13 795 202 SNPs were identified, and the whole‐genome selective signal screen with aπratio of nucleotide diversity (πcase/πcontrol) and pairwise fixation index (FST) was analyzed. Finally, we identified 1741 candidate selective windows based on the top 5% threshold of both parameters; here, 449 candidate genes were only found in 727 of these regions. A total of 433 genes out of the 449 genes obtained were annotated to 2729 gene ontology terms, of which 51 were directly linked to muscle development (e.g., muscle organ development, muscle cell differentiation) by 30 candidate genes (e.g.,JAK2,KCNQ1,PDE5A,PDLIM5,TBX5). In addition, 246 signaling pathways were annotated by 178 genes, and two pathways related to muscle contraction, including vascular smooth muscle contraction (ADCY7,PRKCB,PLA2G4E,ROCK2) and cardiac muscle contraction (CACNA2D3,CASQ2,COX6B1), were identified. The results could improve the current understanding of the genetic effects of artificial selection on the muscle development of goat. More importantly, this study provides valuable candidate genes for future breeding of goats.
MiR‐205 is up‐regulated in islets of diabetes‐susceptible mice and targets the diabetes gene Tcf7l2
Authors: Ouni Meriem , Gottmann Pascal , Westholm Efraim , Schwerbel Kristin , Jähnert Markus , Stadion Mandy , Rittig Kilian , Vogel Heike , Schürmann Annette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimMicroRNAs play an important role in the maintenance of cellular functions by fine‐tuning gene expression levels. The aim of the current study was to identify genetically caused changes in microRNA expression which associate with islet dysfunction in diabetic mice.MethodsTo identify novel microRNAs involved in islet dysfunction, transcriptome and miRNome analyses were performed in islets of obese, diabetes‐susceptible NZO and diabetes‐resistant B6‐ob/ob mice and results combined with quantitative trait loci (QTL) and functional in vitro analysis.ResultsIn islets of NZO and B6‐ob/ob mice, 94 differentially expressed microRNAs were detected, of which 11 are located in diabetes QTL. Focusing on conserved microRNAs exhibiting the strongest expression difference and which have not been linked to islet function, miR‐205‐5p was selected for further analysis. According to transcriptome data and target prediction analyses, miR‐205‐5p affects genes involved in Wnt and calcium signalling as well as insulin secretion. Over‐expression of miR‐205‐5p in the insulinoma cell line INS‐1 increased insulin expression, left‐shifted the glucose‐dependence of insulin secretion and supressed the expression of the diabetes gene TCF7L2. The interaction between miR‐205‐5p and TCF7L2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay.ConclusionMiR‐205‐5p was identified as relevant microRNA involved in islet dysfunction by interacting with TCF7L2.
The effect of physical disability on group cooperation: Experimental evidence
Authors: Tognetti Arnaud , Doat David , Dubois Dimitri , Romaniuc Rustam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany countries have specific measures to increase the employment of people with a disability. However, there is no empirical evidence on how individuals with and without some form of physical disability interact with each other. We use the public good game to fill this gap. We find that the interaction with physically disabled individuals does not affect group cooperation nor the cooperativeness of participants without visible physical disabilities. Our results shed light on the social inclusion of people with disability in organizations.
Sirtuins as pharmacological targets in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Leite Jefferson A. , Ghirotto Bruno , Targhetta Vitor P. , de Lima Jean , Câmara Niels O. S. 
Published: May 2021

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate several processes, such as transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation and development. HDACs are classified as either Zn2+‐dependent or NAD+‐dependent enzymes. Over the years, experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that HDAC modulation is a critical process in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, most of the studies have focused on the role of Zn2+‐dependent HDACs in the development of these diseases, although there is growing evidence showing that the NAD+‐dependent HDACs, known as sirtuins, are also very promising targets. This possibility has been strengthened by reports of decreased levels of NAD+ in CNS disorders, which can lead to alterations in sirtuin activation and therefore result in increased pathology. In this review, we discuss the role of sirtuins in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders as well the possible rationale for them to be considered as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic interventions.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Evidence for 5‐HT1A receptor‐mediated antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of apigenin in mice suffering from mononeuropathy
Authors: Wu Jia‐Yi , Li Ye , Li Ben‐Ling , Wang Yan‐Gui , Cui Wu‐Geng , Zhou Wen‐Hua , Zhao Xin 
Published: May 2021

Background and PurposeNeuropathic pain places a devastating health burden, with very few effective therapies. We investigated the potential antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of apigenin, a natural flavonoid with momoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity, against neuropathic pain and investigated the mechanism(s).Experimental ApproachThe neuropathic pain model was produced by chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerves in male C57BL/6J mice, with pain‐related behaviours being assayed by von Frey test and Hargreaves test. In this model the role of 5‐HT and 5‐HT1A receptor‐related mechanisms were investigated in vivo/in vitro.Key ResultsApigenin repeated treatment (p.o., once per day for 2 weeks), in a dose‐related manner (3, 10 and 30 mg·kg−1), ameliorated the allodynia and hyperalgesia in chronic nerve constriction injury in mice. These effects seem dependent on neuronal 5‐hydroxytryptamine, because (i) the antihyperalgesia and antiallodynia were attenuated by depletion of 5‐HT with p‐chlorophenylalanine and potentiated by 5‐hydroxytryptophan and (ii), apigenin‐treated chronic constriction injury mice caused an increased level of spinal 5‐HT, associated with diminished MAO activity. In vivo administration, spinally or systematically, of the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY‐100635 inhibited the apigenin‐induced antiallodynia and antihyperalgesia. In vitro, apigenin acted as a positive allosteric modulator to increase the efficacy (stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding) of the 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT. Apigenin attenuated neuronal changes caused by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve in mice, without causing a hypertensive crisis.Conclusion and ImplicationsApigenin antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic actions against neuropathic pain crucially involve spinal 5‐HT1A receptors and indicate it could be used to treat neuropathic pain.
Occurrence of pituitary hormone deficits in relation to both pituitary and hypothalamic doses after radiotherapy for skull base meningioma
Authors: Partoune Eléonore , Virzi Maxime , Vander Veken Loïc , Renard Laurette , Maiter Dominique 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextLittle accurate information is available regarding the risk of hypopituitarism after irradiation of skull base meningiomas.DesignRetrospective study in a single centre.Patients48 patients with a skull base meningioma and normal pituitary function at diagnosis, treated with radiotherapy (RXT) between 1998 and 2017 (median follow‐up of 90 months).MeasurementsThe GH, TSH, LH/FSH and ACTH hormonal axes were evaluated yearly for the entire follow‐up period. Mean doses delivered to the pituitary gland (PitD) and the hypothalamus (HypoD) were calculated, as well as the doses responsible for the development of deficits in 50% of patients after 5 years (TD50).ResultsAt least one hormone deficit was observed in 38% of irradiated patients and complete hypopituitarism in 13%. The GH (35%), TSH (32%) and LH/FSH axes (28%) were the most frequently affected, while ACTH secretion axis was less altered (13%). The risk of hypopituitarism was independently related to planning target volume (PTV) and to the PitD (threshold dose 45 Gy; TD50 between 50 and 54 Gy). In this series, the risk was less influenced by the HypoD, increasing steadily between doses of 15 and 70 Gy with no clear‐cut dose threshold.ConclusionsOver a median follow‐up period of 7.5 years, hypopituitarism occurred in more than one third of patients irradiated for a skull base meningioma, and this prevalence was time‐ and dose‐dependent. In this setting, the risk of developing hypopituitarism was mainly determined by the irradiated target volume and by the dose delivered to the pituitary gland.
NF‐κB signalling pathways in nucleus pulposus cell function and intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Zhi , Liu Ming‐Qiang , Chen Hai‐Wei , Wu Zuo‐Long , Gao Yi‐Cheng , Ma Zhan‐Jun , He Xue‐Gang , Kang Xue‐Wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common clinical degenerative disease of the spine. A series of factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and mechanical stress, promote degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the intervertebral discs (IVD), leading to dysfunction and structural destruction of the IVD. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcription factor has long been regarded as a pathogenic factor of IDD. Therefore, NF‐κB may be an ideal therapeutic target for IDD. As NF‐κB is a multifunctional functional transcription factor with roles in a variety of biological processes, a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of NF‐κB in IDD pathology will be useful for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for IDD, which can prevent the progression of IDD and reduce potential risks. This review discusses the role of the NF‐κB signalling pathway in the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the process of IDD to understand pathological NP degeneration further and provide potential therapeutic targets that may interfere with NF‐κB signalling for IDD therapy.
Curatorial Research as Boundary Work
Authors: Sigfúsdóttir Ólöf Gerður 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCuratorial research is a new field only emerging in the last few years within museological discourse. The notion of curating as research offers useful suggestions on how to escape historically induced binary oppositions between theory and practice, the academic and the artistic. Moreover, curatorial research instigates critical questions on the significance of knowledge production in the context of public museums, particularly the relationship between research, display and museum audience. This article explores different notions of curatorial research as they emerge through current museological discourse. Three models of curatorial research are identified, each conveying a distinct – yet related – understanding of knowledge production through curatorial practice in the museum setting. The article then uses the exhibition In Between as a case to explore these models further. Building on the analysis of the case and the three models, a fourth research model is proposed. The new model is based on the concept of “boundary work”, emphasising the multiple epistemological contributions curatorial research entails as it traverses borders between the domains of science and culture, thereby blurring the distinctions between theory and practice, the discursive and the immersive, the systematic and the creative.
The Hunger Chain: A competitive simulation for teaching supply chain management
Authors: Song Ju Myung , Park Arim , Zhao Yao 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTShortage gaming, supply chain competition, and supply rationing are important and timely topics in operations management and supply chain management curricula. We introduce an online instructional game, the Hunger Chain, that provides an action‐based, competitive simulation for engagement of students in experiential learning of these topics. We discuss how instructors can use the game to stimulate students’ learning about panic orders and hoarding (shortage gaming), decision dependencies (supply chain competition), and efficient and/or fair allocation of limited supplies (supply rationing). A comparison of test results from students who played the game to those from a control group showed significantly improved learning outcomes. In addition, sentiment analysis of student feedback was overwhelmingly positive.
A case of atrial septal defect associated with anomalous sinoatrial node artery in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
Authors: Di Candia Angela , Castaldi Biagio , Sirico Domenico , Di Salvo Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy affected by pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (AP‐IVS) was listed for percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and closure of multi‐fenestrated atrial septal defect (ASD). Intra‐procedural transesophageal echocardiography arose the suspect of abnormal coronary artery pattern while selective angiography documented a single sinoatrial node artery (SANa) with an unusual retro‐aortic course. As consequence, we proceeded to effectively close the defects with a not self‐centering device placed in the most central side hole. This case supports the hypothesis that sometimes arrhythmic complication during ASD closure procedures might be due to unrecognized injury of the SANa.
Consistent shift in nutritional ecology of ants reveals trophic flexibility across alpine tree‐line ecotones
Authors: Guariento Elia , Wanek Wolfgang , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: May 2021

1. Studying the feeding ecology of ants can reveal their trophic position and allow inferences on interactions with other organisms. We investigated the nutritional ecology of ants at the Alpine tree line (from subalpine forests to alpine grasslands), testing the hypothesis that changing food availability reflects upon ant feeding preference and trophic position. Five slopes with five sites each were sampled using a combined experimental (baiting) and chemical (stable isotope) approach.2. Sugar resources were most preferred by the whole ant community in the alpine environment and on the tree line and were therefore likely limiting in these habitats. This shift was not detected in the two dominant ant taxa occurring over the investigated gradient, viz. the slave antFormica lemaniand mound‐building wood ants (Formicas. str.).3. Yet, stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope signatures of both these ant species likewise revealed a shift in resource use over the ecotone, from a lower trophic position in subalpine forests to a more carnivore‐dominated lifestyle in alpine grassland. Moreover, wood ants were found to occupy a higher trophic position compared toF. lemani.4. In conclusion, energy resources turned out to be more limiting for ants in the alpine environment, but less so in subalpine forests. The low trophic position of these ant species in the forest is considered to be a result of abundant trophobiotic associations with honeydew‐producing homopterans that occur in far larger numbers on conifer trees in the forest.
Distinct microhabitats affect the relative balance of ecological processes shaping the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in lakeshore habitats
Authors: Xu Huimin , Zeng Jin , Li Chaoran , Zhao Dayong , He Rujia , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The lakeshore habitat, which is an interface zone between lake and land, harbours various organic particles providing nutrient‐rich microhabitats for bacterial colonisation. Revealing the mechanisms maintaining the bacterial diversity generated on these particles is vital for understanding the biogeochemical processes within lakeshore habitats. To date, however, the bacterial communities within lakeshore habitats have been rarely explored, and knowledge of the ecological processes associated with their spatial distribution is limited.

Here, we employed amplicon‐based high throughput sequencing technology to investigate the composition, co‐occurrence patterns, spatial distribution, and assembly processes of free‐living and particle‐attached bacterial communities (FLBC vs. PABC) across 29 lakeshore zones within freshwater lakes from two typical regions: Middle–Lower Yangtze River Plain and Yunnan–Kweichow Plateau.

We found significant community dissimilarity between both bacterial lifestyles and regions. PABC exhibited higher community dissimilarity between the plain and plateau regions than FLBC did. Furthermore, eight operational taxonomic units were detected as a core bacterial community within the lakeshore habitats across the plain and plateau regions. Network analysis revealed that bacterial taxa preferring a particle‐attached lifestyle exhibited more co‐occurrence associations for both intra‐ and inter‐community than the free‐living lifestyle. Both FLBC and PABC showed significant distance–decay relationships in these two regions. Dispersal limitation was the most important process associated with patterns in the spatial distribution of FLBC and PABC, whereas the relative importance of variable and homogeneous selection differed between the assembly of FLBC and PABC because of differences in their microhabitats.

Our results highlight that dispersal limitation may be strongly associated with the spatial distribution of lakeshore bacterial communities at a regional scale. However, lifestyle differences influence the relative balance between the processes of dispersal, selection, and biotic interaction that influence these bacterial communities.

This study reveals potential interactions between bacterial taxa with different lifestyles as well as indicating which ecological processes may lie behind the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in lakeshore habitats. Knowledge of potential assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities within different microhabitats help us understand how bacterial communities in different microhabitats are generated and their different roles in biogeochemical processes in lakeshore habitats.
Students as consumers? The perspectives of students' union leaders across Europe
Authors: Brooks Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVarious scholars have argued that higher education is becoming increasingly similar across Europe as a result of processes of marketisation and neo‐liberalisation, as well as the creation of a European Higher Education Area. While much of this body of work has focussed on governance, institutional structures and reforms related to teaching and learning, some have suggested that the subjectivities and perspectives of students have also altered—becoming more consumer‐like in their orientation. Nevertheless, there has been relatively little work across the continent that has explored, in a comparative manner, students' own perspectives or those of students who represent other students. This article starts to redress this omission by drawing on interviews conducted with students' union leaders across six European nations to examine the extent to which they shared the same understanding of students, focussing specifically on the concept of student‐as‐consumer.