bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress After Placement
Authors: Ward Harriet , Moggach Lynne , Tregeagle Susan , Trivedi Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter explores the progress made by the 93 adoptees in the core follow-up sample in terms of physical and mental health and education from the time they entered their adoptive homes until they were followed up, on average 18 years later. It draws on data collected through responses to an online survey concerning 93 adoptees (44% of the cohort) completed at follow-up, and interviews focusing on 24 adult adoptees. On entering their placements, 40% of adoptees were developmentally delayed; 13% had poor physical health; 38% were in poor mental health. Emotional and behavioural problems affected their academic progress; 76% required specialist help. After placement, 74% improved in physical health, 66% in mental health and 68% in academic performance. The challenges faced by adoptive parents provide a powerful case for careful preparation and long-term post-adoption support.
Problem und Fragestellung: Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft?
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden der Ausgangspunkt, das Ziel und die Struktur dieser Arbeit dargelegt. Dabei wird zunächst die Forschungslücke umrissen, in die diese Arbeit stößt: Die fehlende Auseinandersetzung mit Themenkarrieren in der Wissenschaft. Es wird die Fragestellung „Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft?“ hergeleitet und die darin enthaltenen Begriffe definiert. Anschließend wird erklärt, warum die institutionalistische Wissenschaftssoziologie als Perspektive gewählt wird. Als Untersuchungsfeld dient die Disziplin der Planungswissenschaft, die grob charakterisiert wird und deren Vorarbeiten für die Beschäftigung mit Themenkarrieren zusammengefasst werden. Zuletzt werden das Vorgehen dieser Arbeit und der Aufbau dieses Buches erklärt.
Diskussion und Ausblick: Zum Umgang mit Themenkarrieren in der Planungswissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem abschließenden Kapitel werden auf Basis der vorgelegten Erkenntnisse Anknüpfungspunkte für weitergehende Diskussionen und Forschungen gegeben. Im Gegensatz zu den vorangegangenen Kapiteln werden hier keine systematisch gewonnenen Forschungsergebnisse dargestellt. Vielmehr ist der Abschnitt als Brücke zu verstehen, mit der das gewonnene Wissen über Themenkarrieren in der Planungswissenschaft für weitergehende Diskussionen und Forschungen zugänglich gemacht wird. In Kapitel 10.1 wird eine Abwägung der Vor- und Nachteile von Themenkarrieren bzw. genauer von temporären Fokussierungen vorgenommen. In Kapitel 10.2 werden Anstöße zum Umgang mit Themenkarrieren in der Planungswissenschaft gegeben. Zuletzt wird in Kapitel 10.3 die Methodik reflektiert und weiterer Forschungsbedarf benannt.
Empirisches Vorgehen und Methodik
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird das methodische Vorgehen, das im empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit (Kp. 7 und Kp. 8) zum Einsatz kommt, transparent gemacht und begründet. Ziel der Empirie ist es, die Datengrundlage für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage ‚Wie entstehen Themen in der Planungswissenschaft‘ herzustellen. Hierfür leitet der analytische Rahmen ein Kategoriengerüst aus der Theorie ab, das den Fokus auf die potenziell erklärungsrelevanten Aspekte richtet. Die Methodik muss ermöglichen, diese Aspekte im Zuge der empirischen Analyse zu erfassen. Als Untersuchungsfeld dient die deutsche Planungswissenschaft. Hier sind Themenkarrieren nachzuweisen, zu rekonstruieren und Mechanismen der wissenschaftlichen Aufmerksamkeitsentstehung offenzulegen. Im Folgenden wird das mehrstufige empirische Forschungsdesign erläutert. Zunächst ist dabei herzuleiten, warum ein vergleichender Fallstudienansatz gewählt wird und anhand welcher Kriterien die beiden Fälle ausgewählt werden (Kp. 6.1). Im Anschluss wird die Operationalisierung der beiden gewählten Themen vorgenommen (Kp. 6.2). In Abschnitt 6.3 wird die quantitative Analyse erläutert, was die Datenerhebung sowie die angewandten Auswertungsmethoden der Bibliometrie und der formalen Netzwerkanalyse mit einschließt. Abschließend wird in Abschnitt 6.4 auf die qualitative Datenerhebung und -auswertung eingegangen, wobei primär leitfadengestützte Interviews zum Einsatz kommen.
Das Thema Schrumpfende Städte in der Planungswissenschaft
Authors: Gravert Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Karriere des Themas Schrumpfende Städte in der Planungswissenschaft unter die Lupe genommen. Das Thema impliziert die Gleichzeitigkeit von demografischen, ökonomischen sowie städtischen und stadtregionalen Niedergangsprozessen. Bei der Untersuchung kommen qualitative Methoden (Literaturauswertung, leitfadengestützte Interviews) sowie quantitative Methoden (Netzwerkanalyse, deskriptive Statistik) zum Einsatz. Die Analyse setzt bereits ab Mitte der 1970er Jahre ein, als das Absinken der Geburtenrate unter die Sterberate die deutsche Planungswissenschaft erstmals veranlasste, die demografische Schrumpfung und deren Folgen zu diskutieren (Kp. 7.1). Es folgt eine Schilderung der Latenzphase in den Jahren 1991-1999 (Kp. 7.2), der Durchbruchphase 2000-2001 (Kp. 7.3), der Fokusphase 2002-2006 (Kp. 7.4) und der Normalisierungsphase ab 2007 (Kp. 7.5). Eine umfassendere quantitative Gesamtbetrachtung der Themenkarriere Schrumpfende Städte wird in Abschnitt 7.6 vorgenommen. Abschließend wird ein Kapitel 7.7 ein Zwischenfazit gezogen.
Aktueller Forschungsstand und Status Quo
Authors: Schrader Sonja Maria 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie kognitiven Fähigkeiten der Kinder werden durch frühe Bildungsmaßnahmen positiv beeinflusst. Diese umfassen sprachliche und mathematische Kompetenzen ebenso wie das Problemlösen. Förderliche Effekte konnten insbesondere auf sozial schwächer gestellte Kinder und Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund nachgewiesen werden, wobei diese deutlich seltener Tageseinrichtungen besuchen.
Methodik
Authors: Schrader Sonja Maria 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Analyse der Fragestellung wurde anhand einer qualitativen Untersuchung vorgenommen, zu der auf Basis der eigenen Beobachtungen ein Literatur-Review durchgeführt wurde. Um die gewählte vielperspektivische Herangehensweise darstellen zu können, erschien dieses Vorgehen geeignet, da mit einer empirischen Untersuchung nur ein Einzelaspekt hätte betrachtet werden können. Auf Grundlage des Forschungsstandes konnten dann nachfolgend die weiteren Gedankengänge aufgebaut werden.
The radio continuum perspective on cosmic-ray transport in external galaxies
Authors: Heesen Volker 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRadio continuum observations of external galaxies provide us with an excellent outside view on the distribution of cosmic-ray electrons in the disc and halo. In this review, we summarise the current state of what we have learned from modelling such observations with cosmic-ray transport, paying particular attention to the question to what extent we can exploit radio haloes when studying galactic winds. We have developed the user-friendly framework spinnaker to model radio haloes with either pure advection or diffusion, allowing us to study both diffusion coefficients and advection speeds in nearby galaxies. Using these models, we show that we can identify galaxies with winds using both morphology and radio spectral indices of radio haloes. Advective radio haloes are ubiquitous, indicating that already fairly low values of the star formation rate (SFR) surface density ($\Sigma_{ \mathrm{SFR}}$

Σ
SFR

) can trigger galactic winds. The advection speeds scale with SFR, $\Sigma_{\mathrm{SFR}}$

Σ
SFR

, and rotation speed as expected for stellar feedback-driven winds. Accelerating winds are in agreement with our radio spectral index data, but this is sensitive to the magnetic field parametrisation, so that constant wind speeds cannot be ruled out either. The question to what extent cosmic rays can be a driving force behind winds is still an open issue and we discuss only in passing how a simple iso-thermal wind model could fit our data. Nevertheless, the comparison with inferences from observations and theory looks promising with radio continuum offering a complementary view on galactic winds. We finish with a perspective on future observations and challenges lying ahead.
Attribution of typhoon-induced torrential precipitation in Central Vietnam, October 2020
Authors: Luu Linh N. , Scussolini Paolo , Kew Sarah , Philip Sjoukje , Hariadi Mugni Hadi , Vautard Robert , Van Mai Khiem , Van Vu Thang , Truong Kien Ba , Otto Friederike , van der Schrier Gerard , van Aalst Maarten K. , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn October 2020, Central Vietnam was struck by heavy rain resulting from a sequence of 5 tropical depressions and typhoons. The immense amount of water led to extensive flooding and landslides that killed more than 200 people, injured more than 500 people, and caused direct damages valued at approximately 1.2 billion USD. Here, we quantify how the intensity of the precipitation leading to such exceptional impacts is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. First, we define the event as the regional maximum of annual maximum 15-day average rainfall (Rx15day). We then analyse the trend in Rx15day over Central Vietnam from the observations and simulations in the PRIMAVERA and CORDEX-CORE ensembles, which pass our evaluation tests, by applying the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution in which location and scale parameters exponentially covary with increasing global temperatures. Combining these observations and model results, we find that the 2020 event, occurring about once every 80 years (at least 17 years), has not changed in either probability of occurrence (a factor 1.0, ranging from 0.4 to 2.4) or intensity (0%, ranging from −8 to +8%) in the present climate in comparison with early-industrial climate. This implies that the effect of human-induced climate change contributing to this persistent extreme rainfall event is small compared to natural variability. However, given the scale of damage of this hazard, our results underline that more investment in disaster risk reduction for this type of rainfall-induced flood hazard is of importance, even independent of the effect of anthropogenic climate change. Moreover, as both observations and model simulations will be extended with the passage of time, we encourage more climate change impact investigations on the extreme in the future that help adaptation and mitigation plans and raise awareness in the country.
Maintaining AUC and H-measure over time
Authors: Tatti Nikolaj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeasuring the performance of a classifier is a vital task in machine learning. The running time of an algorithm that computes the measure plays a very small role in an offline setting, for example, when the classifier is being developed by a researcher. However, the running time becomes more crucial if our goal is to monitor the performance of a classifier over time. In this paper we study three algorithms for maintaining two measures. The first algorithm maintains area under the ROC curve (AUC) under addition and deletion of data points in $$\mathcal {O} \mathopen {}\left( \log n\right)$$

O

log
n

time. This is done by maintaining the data points sorted in a self-balanced search tree. In addition, we augment the search tree that allows us to query the ROC coordinates of a data point in $$\mathcal {O} \mathopen {}\left( \log n\right)$$

O

log
n

time. In doing so we are able to maintain AUC in $$\mathcal {O} \mathopen {}\left( \log n\right)$$

O

log
n

time. Our next two algorithms involve in maintaining H-measure, an alternative measure based on the ROC curve. Computing the measure is a two-step process: first we need to compute a convex hull of the ROC curve, followed by a sum over the convex hull. We demonstrate that we can maintain the convex hull using a minor modification of the classic convex hull maintenance algorithm. We then show that under certain conditions, we can compute the H-measure exactly in $$\mathcal {O} \mathopen {}\left( \log ^2 n\right)$$

O

log
2

n

time, and if the conditions are not met, then we can estimate the H-measure in $$\mathcal {O} \mathopen {}\left( (\log n + \epsilon ^{-1})\log n\right)$$

O

(
log
n
+

ϵ

-
1

)
log
n

time. We show empirically that our methods are significantly faster than the baselines.
Batalin–Vilkovisky quantization of fuzzy field theories
Authors: Nguyen Hans , Schenkel Alexander , Szabo Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe apply the modern Batalin–Vilkovisky quantization techniques of Costello and Gwilliam to noncommutative field theories in the finite-dimensional case of fuzzy spaces. We further develop a generalization of this framework to theories that are equivariant under a triangular Hopf algebra symmetry, which in particular leads to quantizations of finite-dimensional analogues of the field theories proposed recently through the notion of ‘braided$$L_\infty $$L∞-algebras’. The techniques are illustrated by computing perturbative correlation functions for scalar and Chern–Simons theories on the fuzzy 2-sphere, as well as for braided scalar field theories on the fuzzy 2-torus.
Complement system component dysregulation is a distinctive feature of COVID-19 disease: a prospective and comparative analysis of patients admitted to the emergency department for suspected COVID-19 disease
Authors: Gauchel Nadine , Rieder Marina , Krauel Krystin , Goller Isabella , Jeserich Maren , Salzer Ulrich , Venhoff Ana Cecilia , Baldus Niklas , Pollmeier Luisa , Wirth Luisa , Kern Winfried , Rieg Siegbert , Busch Hans-Jörg , Hofmann Maike , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel , Lother Achim , Heger Lukas A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe complement system (CS) plays a pivotal role in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. The objective of this study was to provide a comparative, prospective data analysis of CS components in an all-comers cohort and COVID-19 patients. Patients with suspected COVID-19 infection admitted to the Emergency department were grouped for definite diagnosis of COVID-19 and no COVID-19 accordingly. Clinical presentation, routine laboratory and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen as well as CS components 3, 4 and activated 5 (C5a) were assessed. Also, total complement activity via the classical pathway (CH50) was determined. Levels of calprotectin in serum were measured using an automated quantitative lateral flow assay. We included 80 patients in this prospective trial. Of those 19 (23.7%) were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with COVID-19 had higher levels of CS components 5a and 4 (54.79 [24.14–88.79] ng/ml vs. 35 [23.15–46.1] ng/ml; p = 0.0433 and 0.3772 [± 0.1056] g/L vs. 0.286 [0.2375–0.3748] g/L; p = 0.0168). COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of vWF antigen when compared to the control group (288.3 [± 80.26] % vs. 212 [151–320] %; p = 0.0469). There was a significant correlation between CS C3 and 5a with vWF antigen (rs = 0.5957 [p = 0.0131] and rs = 0.5015 [p = 0.042]) in COVID-19 patients. There was no difference in calprotectin plasma levels (4.786 [± 2.397] µg/ml vs. 4.233 [± 2.142] µg/ml; p = 0.4175) between both groups. This prospective data from a single centre all-comers cohort accentuates altered levels of CS components as a distinct feature of COVID-19 disease. Deregulation of CS component 3 and C5a are associated with increased vWF antigen possibly linking vascular damage to alternative CS activation in COVID-19.
Dimensions of ‘self-affine sponges’ invariant under the action of multiplicative integers
Authors: BRUNET GUILHEM 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet
$m_1 \geq m_2 \geq 2$
be integers. We consider subsets of the product symbolic sequence space
$(\{0,\ldots ,m_1-1\} \times \{0,\ldots ,m_2-1\})^{\mathbb {N}^*}$
that are invariant under the action of the semigroup of multiplicative integers. These sets are defined following Kenyon, Peres, and Solomyak and using a fixed integer
$q \geq 2$
. We compute the Hausdorff and Minkowski dimensions of the projection of these sets onto an affine grid of the unit square. The proof of our Hausdorff dimension formula proceeds via a variational principle over some class of Borel probability measures on the studied sets. This extends well-known results on self-affine Sierpiński carpets. However, the combinatoric arguments we use in our proofs are more elaborate than in the self-similar case and involve a new parameter, namely
$j = \lfloor \log _q ( {\log (m_1)}/{\log (m_2)} ) \rfloor $
. We then generalize our results to the same subsets defined in dimension
$d \geq 2$
. There, the situation is even more delicate and our formulas involve a collection of
$2d-3$
parameters.
Restaurant Wines: Bottle Margins and the By-the-Glass Option
Authors: Dearden James A. , Guo Xiaohui , Meyerhoefer Chad D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing a sample of New York City restaurants, we examine the relationship between a wine's bottle margin and whether the restaurant offers that same wine by the glass. We find that restaurants offer less expensive wines by the glass but set higher margins on these bottles than for similar wines offered only in bottles. Overall, offering wine by the glass is associated with a 5.0% increase in the bottle price and a 12.2% increase in the bottle margin. We find similar results for retail and wholesale markups of wine bottles. Our results offer evidence that settles a theoretical ambiguity in the menu-pricing literature (Anderson and Dana, 2009) about whether to raise or lower the price of a high-quantity package when introducing a low-quantity package of a good, as it applies to restaurant wine pricing. (JEL Classifications: L11, L83)
A longitudinal study examining the associations between interpersonal trauma and romantic relationships among college students
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Dick Danielle M. , Amstadter Ananda , Thomas Nathaniel ,   Spit for Science Working Group, Salvatore Jessica E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examined the associations between the developmental timing of interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT) and three indicators of involvement in and quality of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood: relationship status, relationship satisfaction, and partner alcohol use. We further examined whether these associations varied in a sex-specific manner. In a sample of emerging adult college students (N = 12,358; 61.5% female) assessed longitudinally across the college years, we found precollege IPT increased the likelihood of being in a relationship, while college-onset IPT decreased the likelihood. Precollege and college-onset IPT predicted lower relationship satisfaction, and college-onset IPT predicted higher partner alcohol use. There was no evidence that associations between IPT and relationship characteristics varied in a sex-specific manner. Findings indicate that IPT exposure, and the developmental timing of IPT, may affect college students’ relationship status. Findings also suggest that IPT affects their ability to form satisfying relationships with prosocial partners.
BEFORE THE MAYA: A REVIEW OF PALEOINDIAN AND ARCHAIC HUMAN SKELETONS FOUND IN THE MAYA REGION
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel D. , Hoggarth Julie A. , Marshall Aubree 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents a review of the earliest known skeletal remains in the Maya area, which are found in submerged caves in Mexico and rock shelters in Belize and date to the Paleoindian and Archaic periods. While few in number, several of these individuals have been the focus of intensive analyses, providing an emerging picture of life in the region before the transition to agriculture and settled village communities.
LOWLAND MAYA GENESIS: THE LATE ARCHAIC TO LATE EARLY FORMATIVE TRANSITION IN THE UPPER BELIZE RIVER VALLEY
Authors: Awe Jaime J. , Ebert Claire E. , Stemp W. James , Brown M. Kathryn , Sullivan Lauren A. , Garber James F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe transition from the Late Archaic to the Late Early Formative period witnessed profound changes in the Maya lowlands. In addition to the establishment of the first settlements and agrarian communities, this critical phase of cultural development heralded the introduction of ceramics, saw changes in lithic technology, gave rise to inter-regional trade and exchange, and witnessed the introduction of a complex symbolic system expressed on portable objects. In this article, we synthesize data collected over the past several decades by various archaeological projects in western Belize to provide an overview of the cultural changes that unfolded during the Late Archaic to Late Early Formative period in the Upper Belize River Valley. We also provide evidence indicating that it was during this critical transitional period that we begin to see the establishment of several cultural traditions that became uniquely lowland Maya.
LIFE AND DEATH AMONG THE EARLIEST MAYA: A REVIEW OF EARLY AND MIDDLE PRECLASSIC BURIALS FROM THE MAYA WORLD
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel D. , López Pérez Raúl Alejandro , Ebert Claire E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents a review of the earliest Maya skeletal remains thus far found, including a list of 398 burials dating to the Early (1800–900 b.c.) and Middle Preclassic periods (900–300 b.c.) and adjacent regions. These sites are spread throughout the Maya region and the data allow basic descriptive syntheses about early mortuary behavior and aspects of health and diet. Poor preservation and differences in scoring and reporting severely limit the scope of interpretation possible at this point, but it is hoped that this review stimulates coordinated research into the biology of early groups.
Shallow‐Water Tsunami Deposits: Evidence From Sediment Cores and Numerical Wave Propagation of the 1601 CE Lake Lucerne Event
Authors: Nigg Valentin , Bacigaluppi Paola , Vetsch David F. , Vogel Hendrik , Kremer Katrina , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 1601 CE earthquake (Mw ca. 5.9) in “Unterwalden,” Central Switzerland, triggered multiple subaqueous mass movements and a subaerial rockfall that generated tsunami waves with run‐up heights of up to 4 m and several hundred meters of inundation along the coastal lowlands of Lake Lucerne. In the shallow Lucerne Bay, historical chronicles reported an oscillation of the water with an initial amplitude of ∼1–2 m and a period of 10 min, which continued for several days after the event with decreasing amplitude. Here, we investigate the lake‐tsunami process chain from subaqueous mass movement‐generated tsunami to wave propagation and ultimately to sediment resuspension, transport, and deposition in the shallow‐water environment. The effects of the historical tsunami on Lucerne Bay are reconstructed using sediment‐core analysis and numerical simulation of wave propagation. A 60‐cm‐thick event deposit was recovered along a sediment‐core transect in the shallow waters and radiocarbon dated to 1306–1442 cal CE. The event deposit has a sharp basal contact with carbonate shell fragments followed upwards a normally graded succession of siliciclastic sand to silt with a high proportion of horizontally bedded wooden particles. The numerically simulated tsunami waves are characterized by a water‐surface displacement of up to 1.5 m and generate bed shear‐stresses that are likely capable of remobilizing large amounts of sediments in the Lucerne Bay area. Our study successfully links the sedimentology of event deposits with physical principles of sediment mobilization derived from numerical wave‐forward modeling, providing a tool to improve the identification and interpretation of potential tsunami deposits.