bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The eclectic flavor symmetry of the ℤ2 orbifold
Authors: Baur Alexander , Kade Moritz , Nilles Hans Peter , Ramos-Sánchez Saúl , Vaudrevange Patrick K. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Modular symmetries naturally combine with traditional flavor symmetries and $$ \mathcal{CP} $$
CP
, giving rise to the so-called eclectic flavor symmetry. We apply this scheme to the two-dimensional ℤ2 orbifold, which is equipped with two modular symmetries SL(2, ℤ)T and SL(2, ℤ)U associated with two moduli: the Kähler modulus T and the complex structure modulus U. The resulting finite modular group is ((S3× S3) ⋊ ℤ4) × ℤ2 including mirror symmetry (that exchanges T and U) and a generalized $$ \mathcal{CP} $$
CP
-transformation. Together with the traditional flavor symmetry (D8× D8)/ℤ2, this leads to a huge eclectic flavor group with 4608 elements. At specific regions in moduli space we observe enhanced unified flavor symmetries with as many as 1152 elements for the tetrahedral shaped orbifold and $$ \left\langle T\right\rangle =\left\langle U\right\rangle =\exp \left(\frac{\pi \mathrm{i}}{3}\right) $$

T

=

U

=
exp

π
i

3

. This rich eclectic structure implies interesting (modular) flavor groups for particle physics models derived form string theory.
Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out
Authors: Marfatia Danny , Tseng Po-Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the stochastic background of gravitational waves which accompany the sudden freeze-out of dark matter triggered by a cosmological first order phase transition that endows dark matter with mass. We consider models that produce the measured dark matter relic abundance via (1) bubble filtering, and (2) inflation and reheating, and show that gravitational waves from these mechanisms are detectable at future interferometers.
Soil microbial inoculation during flood events shapes headwater stream microbial communities and diversity
Authors: Caillon Florian , Besemer Katharina , Peduzzi Peter , Schelker Jakob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlood events are now recognized as potentially important occasions for the transfer of soil microbes to stream ecosystems. Yet, little is known about these “dynamic pulses of microbial life” for stream bacterial community composition (BCC) and diversity. In this study, we explored the potential alteration of stream BCC by soil inoculation during high flow events in six pre-alpine first order streams and the larger Oberer Seebach. During 1 year, we compared variations of BCC in soil water, stream water and in benthic biofilms at different flow conditions (low to intermediate flows versus high flow). Bacterial diversity was lowest in biofilms, followed by soils and highest in headwater streams and the Oberer Seebach. In headwater streams, bacterial diversity was significantly higher during high flow, as compared to low flow (Shannon diversity: 7.6 versus 7.9 at low versus high flow, respectively, p < 0.001). Approximately 70% of the bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from streams and stream biofilms were the same as in soil water, while in the latter one third of the OTUs were specific to high flow conditions. These soil high-flow OTUs were also found in streams and biofilms at other times of the year. These results demonstrate the relevance of floods in generating short and reoccurring inoculation events for flowing waters. Moreover, they show that soil microbial inoculation during high flow enhances microbial diversity and shapes fluvial BCC even during low flow. Hence, soil microbial inoculation during floods could act as a previously overlooked driver of microbial diversity in headwater streams.
Protein-dependent membrane remodeling in mitochondrial morphology and clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Tarasenko Daryna , Meinecke Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCellular membranes can adopt a plethora of complex and beautiful shapes, most of which are believed to have evolved for a particular physiological reason. The closely entangled relationship between membrane morphology and cellular physiology is strikingly seen in membrane trafficking pathways. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, for example, over the course of a minute, a patch of the more or less flat plasma membrane is remodeled into a highly curved clathrin-coated vesicle. Such vesicles are internalized by the cell to degrade or recycle plasma membrane receptors or to take up extracellular ligands. Other, steadier, membrane morphologies can be observed in organellar membranes like the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. In the case of mitochondria, which are double membrane-bound, ubiquitous organelles of eukaryotic cells, especially the mitochondrial inner membrane displays an intricated ultrastructure. It is highly folded and consequently has a much larger surface than the mitochondrial outer membrane. It can adopt different shapes in response to cellular demands and changes of the inner membrane morphology often accompany severe diseases, including neurodegenerative- and metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, progress was made in the identification of molecules that are important for the aforementioned membrane remodeling events. In this review, we will sum up recent results and discuss the main players of membrane remodeling processes that lead to the mitochondrial inner membrane ultrastructure and in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We will compare differences and similarities between the molecular mechanisms that peripheral and integral membrane proteins use to deform membranes.
Surgical management of Crohn’s disease: a state of the art review
Authors: Meima - van Praag Elise Maria , Buskens Christianne Johanna , Hompes Roel , Bemelman Wilhelmus Adrianus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this review was to examine current surgical treatments in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to discuss currently popular research questions.MethodsA literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was conducted using the following search terms: ‘Surgery’ and ‘Crohn’. Different current surgical treatment strategies are discussed based on disease location.ResultsSeveral surgical options are possible in medically refractory or complex Crohn’s disease as a last resort therapy. Recent evidence indicated that surgery could also be a good alternative in terms of effectiveness, quality of life and costs as first-line therapy if biologicals are considered, e.g. ileocolic resection for limited disease, or as part of combination therapy with biologicals, e.g. surgery aiming at closure of select perianal fistula in combination with biologicals.The role of the mesentery in ileocolic disease and Crohn’s proctitis is an important surgical dilemma. In proctectomy, evidence is directing at removing the mesentery, and in ileocolic disease, it is still under investigation. Other surgical dilemmas are the role of the Kono-S anastomosis as a preventive measure for recurrent Crohn’s disease and the importance of (non)conventional stricturoplasties.ConclusionSurgical management of Crohn’s disease remains challenging and is dependent on disease location and severity. Indication and timing of surgery should always be discussed in a multidisciplinary team. It seems that early surgery is gradually going to play a more important role in the multidisciplinary management of Crohn’s disease rather than being a last resort therapy.
Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in the era of COVID-19: responding to different levels of epidemic pressure
Authors: Korobelnik Jean-François , Loewenstein Anat , Eldem Bora , Joussen Antonia M. , Koh Adrian , Lambrou George N. , Lanzetta Paolo , Li Xiaoxin , Lövestam-Adrian Monica , Navarro Rafael , Okada Annabelle A. , Pearce Ian , Rodríguez Francisco J. , Wong David T. , Wu Lihteh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, the easing of strict measures to reduce its spread has led to a resurgence of cases in many countries at both the national and local level. This article addresses how guidance for ophthalmologists on managing patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the pandemic should be adapted to the local epidemic pressure, with more or less stringent measures implemented according to the ebb and flow of the pandemic.

Methods
The Vision Academy’s membership of international retinal disease experts analyzed guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic and graded the recommendations according to three levels of increasing epidemic pressure. The revised recommendations were discussed, refined, and voted on by the 14-member Vision Academy Steering Committee for consensus.

Results
Protocols to minimize the exposure of patients and healthcare staff to COVID-19, including use of personal protective equipment, physical distancing, and hygiene measures, should be routinely implemented and intensified according to local infection rates and pressure on the hospital/clinic or healthcare system. In areas with many COVID-19-positive clusters, additional measures including pre-screening of patients, postponement of non-urgent appointments, and simplification of complex intravitreal anti-VEGF regimens should be considered. Treatment prioritization for those at greatest risk of irreversible vision loss should be implemented in areas where COVID-19 cases are increasing exponentially and healthcare resources are strained.

Conclusion
Consistency in monitoring of local infection rates and adjustment of clinical practice accordingly will be required as we move forward through the COVID-19 era. Ophthalmologists must continue to carefully weigh the risk–benefits to minimize the exposure of patients and healthcare staff to COVID-19, ensure that patients receive sight-saving treatment, and avoid the potential long-term impact of prolonged treatment postponement.
ADHD at the workplace: ADHD symptoms, diagnostic status, and work-related functioning
Authors: Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Tucha Lara , Butzbach Marah , Weisbrod Matthias , Aschenbrenner Steffen , Tucha Oliver 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly experience impairments in multiple domains of daily living. Work has a central role in daily life and is susceptible to ADHD due to its cognitive demands. The present study seeks to examine the nature of work-related problems and impairments of adults with ADHD, and explores the association to ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological test performance. A community sample of 1231 individuals took part in this study and completed a set of questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms and work-related problems. Furthermore, a clinical sample of 134 adults diagnosed with ADHD were recruited from an ADHD outpatient clinic, who completed the same set of questionnaires. A subsample of 51 patients with ADHD additionally performed a neuropsychological assessment using tests of attention and executive functions. Work-related problems were found both in individuals of the community sample with symptoms of ADHD and individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Individuals with ADHD reported work related problems particularly in not meeting their own standards and perceived potential, yet it less commonly manifests in negative performance evaluations at work or job loss. ADHD symptoms, in particular symptoms of inattention, were found to be strongly associated with work-related problems, whereas neuropsychological test performance was no meaningful predictor of functioning at work. This study emphasizes the susceptibility of individuals’ functioning at work to ADHD symptoms and impairments associated with ADHD. ADHD related difficulties at work should be considered in the clinical evaluation and targeted screening at the work place to provide support when indicated.
Dwarf Shrubs Impact Tundra Soils: Drier, Colder, and Less Organic Carbon
Authors: Kemppinen Julia , Niittynen Pekka , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Happonen Konsta , Riihimäki Henri , Aalto Juha , Luoto Miska 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the tundra, woody plants are dispersing towards higher latitudes and altitudes due to increasingly favourable climatic conditions. The coverage and height of woody plants are increasing, which may influence the soils of the tundra ecosystem. Here, we use structural equation modelling to analyse 171 study plots and to examine if the coverage and height of woody plants affect the growing-season topsoil moisture and temperature (< 10 cm) as well as soil organic carbon stocks (< 80 cm). In our study setting, we consider the hierarchy of the ecosystem by controlling for other factors, such as topography, wintertime snow depth and the overall plant coverage that potentially influence woody plants and soil properties in this dwarf shrub-dominated landscape in northern Fennoscandia. We found strong links from topography to both vegetation and soil. Further, we found that woody plants influence multiple soil properties: the dominance of woody plants inversely correlated with soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil organic carbon stocks (standardised regression coefficients = − 0.39; − 0.22; − 0.34, respectively), even when controlling for other landscape features. Our results indicate that the dominance of dwarf shrubs may lead to soils that are drier, colder, and contain less organic carbon. Thus, there are multiple mechanisms through which woody plants may influence tundra soils.
Neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors in rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a provision for enhanced oncological and functional outcomes
Authors: Yong Zachary Zihui , Wong Jolene Si Min , Teo Melissa Ching Ching , Chia Claramae Shulyn , Ong Chin-Ann Johnny , Farid Mohamad , Tan Grace Hwei Ching 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the neoadjuvant setting and the optimal duration of therapy remains poorly defined. As such, we aim to evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant TKI on oncological and functional outcomes in our cohort of patients with rectal GISTs.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 36 consecutive patients who underwent treatment for rectal GIST at the National Cancer Centre Singapore from February 1996 to October 2017 was analysed. Surgical, recurrence and survival outcomes between the groups who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and those who underwent upfront surgery were compared.

Results
Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment had significantly larger tumours (median size 7.1 vs. 6.0 cm, p = 0.04) and lower mitotic count (> 10 per 50 HPF, 14 vs. 70%, p = 0.03) when compared with the non-neoadjuvant group. With TKI pre-treatment (median duration 8.8 months), majority of patients (82%) achieved at least partial response to the therapy coupled with a significant downsizing effect of up to 39% (median size of 7.1–3.6 cm), resulting in similar rates of sphincter-sparing surgery (75 vs. 76%, p = 0.94) when compared with the non-neoadjuvant group. In general, neoadjuvant group had lower rates of local recurrence (0 vs. 69%, p = 0.04) and higher overall survival (7.4 vs. 5.7 years, p = 0.03) as compared to the non-neoadjuvant group.

Conclusions
Neoadjuvant TKI has the benefit of downsizing unresectable rectal GIST to benefit from sphincter-sparing procedure and also confers protection against local recurrence and improves overall survival.
Analytic Process and Linguistic Style: Exploring Analysts’ Treatment Notes in the Light of Linguistic Measures of the Referential Process
Authors: Mariani Rachele , Hoffman Leon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison between a clinical evaluation and a computerized linguistic analysis of the treatment notes of the first two years of an analysis conducted four sessions a week with the patient lying on a couch. Clinical notes had been written as part of the analyst’s standard practice after every session, some years prior to the planning of this study. The notes describe the analytic interchange and the analyst’s internal thoughts. The linguistic analysis focuses on two analytically relevant linguistic variables: Referential Activity (RA), a measure of the degree of connection between emotional processing and language, and Reflection, the use of words referring to thoughts. The examination of the linguistic measures point to overlooked parts of sessions which may be clinically significant. In particular, the examination of the clinical material during the nodal points of the first summer break, where significant changes in the linguistic measures were seen, provided clinical understanding of the analytic work that was not explicitly noted at the time of treatment. This method has the potential to be utilized in ongoing treatments and to improve the supervisory process.
Selecting the best product alternative in a sea of uncertainty
Authors: Heijungs Reinout 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Most LCA studies are comparative and to an increasing extent the effects uncertainty are included in LCA results. This raises the question how the best option from a set of product alternatives can be selected when the product scores are uncertain. The starting point of this article is a set of Monte Carlo results for a number of alternative products.

Indicators for single product alternatives
First we discuss different ways of expressing results for product alternatives separately. This includes a discussion of centrality (mean, median, geometric mean, etc.) and dispersion (standard deviation, standard error, confidence interval, etc.).

Indicators of difference for two product alternatives
A critical review of approaches to single out the superior option on case of a comparison of two is given. This includes familiar approaches such as $$t$$
t
tests, but also lesser known ones such the Bhattacharyya coefficient and Cohen’s $$d$$
d
. All approaches are defined, discussed, and illustrated with one consistent, downloadable, example.

More than two product alternatives
The findings for two products are generalized for the multi-product situation. In particular, the issue of inflation of type I errors in multiple comparisons is discussed.

Discussion
Two main questions are identified: (1) What is the probability that a randomly selected specimen of product A performs better than a randomly selected specimen of product B? (2) How much will a randomly selected specimen of product A perform better than a randomly selected specimen of product B? These two options can both be relevant, but existing approaches for distinguishing product alternatives address one of these two only, or they even turn out to answer a different, less relevant, question. A proposal for a new indicator that addresses both questions simultaneously is offered and its use is illustrated.
A fluorine turns a medicinal benzodiazepine into NPS: the case of flualprazolam
Authors: Ntoupa Panagoula-Stamatina A. , Papoutsis Ioannis I. , Dona Artemisia A. , Spiliopoulou Chara A. , Athanaselis Sotiris A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge on flualprazolam, a novel ‘designer’ benzodiazepine that derives from the fluorination of the phenyl moiety in the ortho-position of alprazolam.

Methods
An extensive literature search was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar and World Wide Web using relevant keywords. All articles found were gathered, and the available information is presented.

Results
This article reviews the existing knowledge on chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, prevalence and current legal status of flualprazolam. Moreover, forensic and clinical cases where flualprazolam was involved worldwide, as well as flualprazolam seizures, along with the methods for its determination in biological samples are presented.

Conclusions
The recent flualprazolam-related cases have raised concerns to regulatory authorities and international stakeholders suggesting that flualprazolam should be under international control. The urgent international control of flualprazolam, despite the limited information on clinical effects and pharmacologic characteristics available, is an important measure for the prevention of its increasing abuse worldwide.
Discharge Clinical Characteristics and Post-Discharge Events in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Descriptive Case Series
Authors: Saab Faysal G. , Chiang Jeffrey N. , Brook Rachel , Adamson Paul C. , Fulcher Jennifer A. , Halperin Eran , Manuel Vladimir , Goodman-Meza David 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Background
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues, little guidance is available on clinical indicators for safely discharging patients with severe COVID-19.

Objective
To describe the clinical courses of adult patients admitted for COVID-19 and identify associations between inpatient clinical features and post-discharge need for acute care.

Design
Retrospective chart reviews were performed to record laboratory values, temperature, and oxygen requirements of 99 adult inpatients with COVID-19. Those variables were used to predict emergency department (ED) visit or readmission within 30 days post-discharge.

Patients (or Participants)
Age ≥ 18 years, first hospitalization for COVID-19, admitted between March 1 and May 2, 2020, at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, managed by an inpatient medicine service.

Main Measures
Ferritin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte count, temperature, and oxygen requirement were noted.

Key Results
Of 99 patients, five required ED admission within 30 days, and another five required readmission. Fever within 24 h of discharge, oxygen requirement, and laboratory abnormalities were not associated with need for ED visit or readmission within 30 days of discharge after admission for COVID-19.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that neither persistent fever, oxygen requirement, nor laboratory marker derangement was associated with need for acute care in the 30-day period after discharge for severe COVID-19. These findings suggest that physicians need not await the normalization of laboratory markers, resolution of fever, or discontinuation of oxygen prior to discharging a stable or improving patient with COVID-19.
Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: from Pathogenesis to Clinical Management
Authors: Rosina Silvia , Chighizola Cecilia Beatrice , Ravelli Angelo , Cimaz Rolando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewElucidating the pathogenic mechanisms mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) might exert important clinical implications in pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).Recent FindingsaPL are traditionally regarded as the main pathogenic players in APS, inducing thrombosis via the interaction with fluid-phase and cellular components of coagulation. Recent APS research has focused on the role of β2 glycoprotein I, which bridges innate immunity and coagulation. In pediatric populations, aPL should be screened in appropriate clinical settings, such as thrombosis, multiple-organ dysfunction, or concomitant systemic autoimmune diseases. Children positive for aPL tests often present non-thrombotic non-criteria manifestations or asymptomatic aPL positivity. In utero aPL exposure has been suggested to result in developmental disabilities, warranting long-term follow-up.SummaryThe knowledge of the multifaceted nature of pediatric APS should be implemented to reduce the risk of underdiagnosing/undertreating this condition. Hopefully, recent pathogenic insights will open new windows of opportunity in the management of pediatric APS.