bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum: A Potential Biomarker
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wang Qing , He Cancan , Fan Dandan , Zhu Yao , Zang Feifei , Tan Chang , Zhang Shaoke , Shu Hao , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Haixia , Wang Zan , Xie Chunming 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate variation in the characteristics of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), brain activity, and intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum (ADS).Methods: The study recruited 20 individuals in each of the following categories: Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and healthy control (HC). All participants completed the 3.0T resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labeling scans in addition to neuropsychological tests. Additionally, the normalized CBF, regional homogeneity (ReHo), and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of individual subjects were compared in the ADS. Moreover, the changes in intrinsic FC were investigated across the ADS using the abnormal rCBF regions as seeds and behavioral correlations. Finally, a support-vector classifier model of machine learning was used to distinguish individuals with ADS from HC.Results: Compared to the HC subjects, patients with AD showed the poorest level of rCBF in the left precuneus (LPCUN) and right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG) among all participants. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the ALFF in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and ReHo in the right PCC. Moreover, RMFG- and LPCUN-based FC analysis revealed that the altered FCs were primarily located in the posterior brain regions. Finally, a combination of altered rCBF, ALFF, and ReHo in posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN) showed a better ability to differentiate ADS from HC, AD from SCD and MCI, but not MCI from SCD.Conclusions: The study demonstrated the significance of an altered rCBF and brain activity in the early stages of ADS. These findings, therefore, present a potential diagnostic neuroimaging-based biomarker in ADS. Additionally, the study provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AD.
A Bioadhesive Barrier-Forming Oral Liquid Gel Improved Oral Mucositis and Nutritional Status in Patients With Head and Neck Cancers Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Wei Jinlong , Wu Jie , Wang Huanhuan , Wang Bin , Zhao Tingting , Meng Lingbin , Dong Lihua , Jiang Xin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundEpisil® is a bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid gel that can relieve oral mucositis (OM) caused by radiotherapy (RT) and hence relieves pain effectively. In this study, we observed the effects of Episil® on the OM and nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs) undergoing RT.MethodsA total of 50 HNC patients were divided into the Episil® (25 patients) and control (25 patients) groups. Patients in the Episil® group were sprayed with Episil®. In the control group, the kangfuxin solution or Kangsu™ oral gargle was used. Medical staff assessed the OM extent and timing as well as the nutritional status during treatment and recorded adverse reactions other than OM. The nutritional status assessment included the following indicators: Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, body mass index (BMI), body weight, albumin levels, and other hematological indicators.ResultsThe incidence of high-level OM (III–IV) after RT was lower in the Episil® group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Nutritional status assessments showed that the Episil® group had a lower percentage of weight loss than the control group at weeks 4 and 7 after RT. Similar results were also obtained for BMI and albumin levels (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, according to PG-SGA scores, fewer patients in the Episil® group were malnourished and more patients were well-nourished (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group.ConclusionEpisil® effectively improved OM and malnutrition in HNC patients who received RT and has a good clinical application value.
The Influenza A Virus H3N2 Triggers the Hypersusceptibility of Airway Inflammatory Response via Activating the lncRNA TUG1/miR-145-5p/NF-κB Pathway in COPD
Authors: Tu You-Hui , Guo Yan , Ji Shuang , Shen Ji-Long , Fei Guang-He 
Published: February 2021

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV) with more severe symptoms, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of the hypersusceptibility of airway inflammatory response remain unclear.Methods: The primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBECs) were isolated from normal and COPD bronchial tissues (NHBE and DHBE) and cultured with/without IAV infection in vitro. DHBE cells were exposed to IAV for 24 h after knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Gain-of-function assays were performed with the miR-145-5p inhibitor and NF-κBp65 transfection. The expressions of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145-5p, phospho-NF-κBp65, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and (Interleukin) IL-1β were examined with qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. The interactions of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145-5p, and NF-κB were verified with luciferase reporter assay.Results: The expressions of lncRNA TUG1, phospho-NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-1β were increased significantly in pHBECs after being infected with IAV for 24 h (all p&lt;0.05). The detailed time analysis revealed that the NF-κBp65 in DHBE was activated earlier than that in NHBE by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 and miR-145-5p mimic attenuated the expressions of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-1β significantly. The miR-145-5p inhibitor and NF-κBp65 transfection reversed the attenuated expressions of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-1β.Conclusion: The IAV causes the hypersusceptibility of airway inflammatory response, which may be closely associated with more severe symptoms in AECOPD patients. The lncRNA TUG1 inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AECOPD caused by IAV.
The Female Menstrual Cycles Effect on Strength and Power Parameters in High-Level Female Team Athletes
Authors: Dasa Marcus S. , Kristoffersen Morten , Ersvær Elisabeth , Bovim Lars Peder , Bjørkhaug Lise , Moe-Nilssen Rolf , Sagen Jørn V. , Haukenes Inger 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe female menstrual cycle (MC) is characterized by hormonal fluctuations throughout its different phases. However, research regarding its effect on athletic performance in high level athletes is sparse. The aim of this study was to (i) investigate the female MCs effect on strength and power performance in highly trained female team athletes throughout the MC and (ii) examine whether eumenorrheic participants with natural hormonal fluctuations displayed enhanced performance in the follicular phase (FP) versus the luteal phase (LP), compared to controls using hormonal contraceptives.Materials and MethodsA total of 29 athletes (Age 21.2 ± 3.3 years; weight 65.6 ± 8.7 kg; height 170.2 ± 8.0 cm; and fat free mass 52.7 ± 7.1) completed the study after a 6-week testing period (8 eumenorrheic participants and 21 hormonal contraceptive controls). Participants were recruited from the team sports soccer, handball and volleyball. Testing protocol consisted of maximal voluntary isometric grip strength, 20-m sprint, countermovement jump and pneumatic leg-press. Based on self-reported use of hormonal contraceptives, participants were divided into non-hormonal contraceptive group and hormonal contraceptive group, the latter working as a control group. Differences in performance between the FP and LP were investigated. MC phase was confirmed by serum hormonal levels through venous blood samples in the non-hormonal contraceptive group.ResultsThere were no statistically significant changes for the two different phases of the MC, in terms of physical performance for the whole group. Further, there was no significant difference between groups during the MC for any of the outcome variables, maximal voluntary isometric grip strengthF(3.29) = 0.362; 20-m sprintF(3.24) = 0.710; countermovement jumpF(3.26) = 2.361; and leg-pressF(3.26) = 1.746.ConclusionIn high level female team athletes, no difference in performance was observed based on hormonal contraceptive status. This suggests that the MC does not alter acute strength and power performance on a group level in high level team athletes.
Insights for Fostering Resilience in Young Adults With Multiple Sclerosis in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Emergency: An Italian Survey
Authors: Donisi Valeria , Gajofatto Alberto , Mazzi Maria Angela , Gobbin Francesca , Busch Isolde Martina , Ghellere Annamaria , Rimondini Michela 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Recent evidence has demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic is taking a toll on the mental health of the general population. The psychological consequences might be even more severe for patients with special healthcare needs and psychological vulnerabilities due to chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, we aimed to explore the psychological impact of this pandemic and of the subsequent healthcare service changes on young adults with MS living in Italy and to examine their coping strategies and preferences regarding psychological support in the aftermath of the pandemic.Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional, web-based survey advertised on social networks. We report both quantitative (descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA) and qualitative data (inductive content analysis).Results: Two hundred and forty-seven respondents (mean age 32 ± 7 years), mainly with relapsing–remitting MS, from all Italian regions participated. Participants felt more worried, confused, sad, and vulnerable because of the disease “during” the pandemic in comparison to their self-evaluation of the period “before” the COVID-19 outbreak. Similarly, their perception of control over MS decreased “during” the pandemic in comparison to the retrospective evaluation of the period “before” the COVID-19 outbreak (p &lt; 0.01). Canceled/postponed visits/exams were listed as the most frequent MS management changes, with modified/postponed pharmacological treatment representing the most stressful change. Psychological support in dealing with pandemic-related fears and improving MS acceptance and well-being was considered extremely important by almost 40% of the respondents. Different coping strategies were mentioned in the qualitative section of the survey, with social support, hobbies, and keeping busy being the most frequent ones.Conclusions: Considering the enormous impact of the pandemic on young adults with MS, we urge MS clinical centers to implement psychological support programs that address the potentially long-lasting psychological negative impact, thus fostering the therapeutic alliance that is being threatened by the infection prevention measures imposed during the pandemic, and promoting psychological resources for adaptively managing future waves of COVID-19.
Rencontres et autogestions revues et corrigées
Authors: Guigou Jacques 
Published: February 2021

• En el momento en que la autogestion se convirtió en la ideologia de organizaciones, de partidos y de aparatos tecno-burocráticos, la estatización masiva de todas las relaciones sociales no deja de desarrollarse.
Por lo tanto, los encuentros sociales, los colectivos autónomos que crean los movimientos sociales de liberación, son portadores de una capacidad de análisis y de critica en acto de las alienaciones de la vida entera.
Este socio-analisis interno y externo del encuentro es a la vez causa y efecto de la avanzada de los movimientos sociales y del deterioro del Estado.
Pérou 1968-1980 : matériaux sur l’expérience autogestionnaire
Authors: Meister Albert , Retour Didier 
Published: February 2021

Peru 1968-80, materials on experiments in self-management.
Collection of informative articles on the structures and functioning of cooperative, co -and self -managed institutions set up in Peru during 1968-80 as part of a policy aiming to promote new economic development. A study is made of transformations which were undertaken in the agricultural sector (agrarian reform, creation of cooperatives and work/peasant communities) and in the industrial sector (labor communities, socially-owned enterprises, and enterprises managed by workers). A presentation of the largest socially-owned firm in Peru, Lima Metripolitane, follows (interview).
Clinical Spectrum and Renal Outcome of Cryoglobulinemia in Hong Kong
Authors: Fung Winston Wing-Shing , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Chow Kai-Ming , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Szeto Cheuk-Chun 
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Hepatitis B is a common cause of cryoglobulinemia in southeast Asia as compared with hepatitis C in Western countries.The presence of cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis B is associated with a worse renal event–free survival.The renal prognosis of cryoglobulinemia appears to be affected by the underlying cause, with hepatitis B having a worse renal outcome.

Background
Cryoglobulinemia is a systemic disease and the clinical involvement is variable. The long-term renal outcome of cryoglobulinemia remains unclear, and most published series are from the Western world, with a high proportion of chronic hepatitis C. The objective is to determine the prevalence, causes, and renal outcome of cryoglobulinemia in Hong Kong.

Methods
We reviewed 289 patients with cryoglobulinemia in the public hospital database of Hong Kong between 2000 and 2019. The renal event–free survival, dialysis-free survival, and overall survival were analyzed according to the underlying etiologies, and compared with 7483 patients who tested negative for cryoglobulinemia during the same period.

Results
Among the patients with cryoglobulinemia, 68 (24%) had chronic hepatitis B, 69 (24%) had hepatitis C, and 14 (5%) paraproteinemia. They were followed for 62.7±58.0 months. The 5-year dialysis-free survival was 68%, 70%, 67%, and 83% for patients with cryoglobulinemia attributed to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, paraproteinemia, and unknown etiology, respectively (P=0.05), and their 5-year overall survival was 61%, 58%, 22%, and 72%, respectively (P=0.002). Among patients with hepatitis B, the group with cryoglobulin had a worse renal event–free survival than those without (36% versus 43%, P=0.005), although their dialysis-free survival and all-cause mortality were similar. For patients with hepatitis C or paraproteinemia, the presence of cryoglobulin did not affect the renal outcome.

Conclusions
Hepatitis B is a common cause of cryoglobulinemia in southeast Asia, and the presence of cryoglobulinemia is associated with a worse renal event–free survival. The renal prognosis of cryoglobulinemia appears to be affected by the underlying cause, with hepatitis B having a worse renal outcome and patients with paraproteinemia having a worse overall survival than those with other causes of cryoglobulinemia.
BERLIN NEUE NATIONALGALERIE. A CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF THE MODERN TEMPLE
Authors: Llombart Jesus Marco 
Published: February 2021

Mies van der Rohe´s approach to architecture through a poetic structural skeleton, abstractly refined to become a universal prototype of the essence of form and spiritualization of space, can be best seen at the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin. This unique modern temple recently under refurbishment by the subtle pencil of David Chipperfield [1] will soon have to be prepared to receive the extra additional space designed by the winner competition office leaded by Herzog & De Meuron [2].
Despite the rebirth of the building´s prestige there is still a gap of knowledge on the construction philosophy pursued by Mies van der Rohe, who conceived the Galeria Project as a phenomenological duality of lightness and heaviness in within a constant game of oppositions, exquisitely intended to intensify human emotions. Far beyond a mere construction, the magnificent museum became a place where the Silesia stone terrace seemed to detain the historical time meanwhile the biotite grey steel structure was encapsulating a flexible space embracing the dynamic elapse of life.
The investigation undertaken by this author on the building´s original working drawings at the MvdR Archive in New York revealed unknown details which are helping nowadays to achieve a deeper understanding on the design and construction process of the iconic miesian museum. The underground ventilation channels running beneath the monolithic concrete plinth refreshing the interior volume with perfumed air from the garden´s lindens, altogether with the heroic columns and the freestanding glass membranes of the façades, resume today´s dilemma of the global high-tech city within the natural realm.
THE IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL REGIMES ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTO-CZECHS, THE OLDEST GENERATION OF THE CZECH ELITES AND THE INTERWAR CZECHOSLOVAK ELITES
Authors: Cviklová Lucie 
Published: February 2021

The role of the Proto-Czechs, the oldest generation of the elites and the interwar elites in the national memory can be advanced by showing the examples of the impact of the political regimes on the interpretation of the symbolic role of the individual elite members. The contribution draws on those concepts and methodological approaches that have been employed by the number of historians and historical sociologists such as historical consciousness, collective (social) memory and national memory; a major incentive for choice of the individual elite members were several sociological researchers on the Czech elites. The pluralist debates about the impact of the Czech elites and their contributions were launched in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and developed by the several generations of the Czech and the foreign historians. This thesis about the impact of the political regimes on the interpretation of the contributions of the Czech elites can be illustrated by (1)the current importance of the Proto‒Czech elites such as Saint Wenceslaus I. [Svatý Václav], (Saints) Cyril and Methodius, Božena Němcová and Karel Havlíček Borovský, (2)the popularity of the members of the interwar political elite such as the economist Alois Rašín, the journalist Milena Jesenská, the politician Františka Plamínková and the diplomat Zdeněk Fierlinger, (3)the positive and negative reponse to the actions of the communist elites such as Rudolf Slánský, Klement Gottwald, Alexander Dubček and Gustav Husák and (4)the evaluation of the members of the communist counter-elite and later democratic elite such as Václav Havel and Petr Pithart.
Estádios de futebol
Authors: Silva Naiara Souza da 
Published: February 2021

O presente texto origina-se de uma pesquisa de Doutorado na área de Letras, cuja temática principal trata do funcionamento do futebol em nossa sociedade, e, nessa linha, muitas discussões puderam ser propostas na sequência enquanto seguimentos de reflexões teóricas e analíticas. Assim sendo, com o aparato teórico e analítico da Análise de Discurso, tratada também como AD, cujo precursor é Michel Pêcheux, buscamos compreender o sentido atribuído ao Esporte Clube Pelotas, um estádio situado no interior sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Precisamente, atentamo-nos às palavras de um sujeito tatuado torcedor áureo-cerúleo quando participou de uma entrevista oral semiestruturada com preponderância à aberta, realizada em 2017, a respeito de sua relação com seu time de preferência. Nosso objetivo é observar a representação do estádio de futebol e os efeitos de sentido que daí se (re)produzem, a partir do movimento da memória “do edifício ao torcedor” e do “torcedor ao edifício”.
Surveys as Means of Understanding User-behaviour with Respect to Energy Usage in Households, Prior to Decision-making to Promote Sustainability
Authors: Venkatesh G , Kjeang Are 
Published: February 2021

Households account for varying shares of total energy usage in countries, depending on the degree of industrialization. In order to design effective policy instruments and set appropriate levels for subsidies, knowing the attitudes and perceptions of users with respect to energy usage and energy saving is always the first step. In this article, the authors have first presented a comparative analysis and critique of selected recently-published surveys (2018) related to energy use in households, from around the world, before applying the sustainability-thinking paradigm to their own regional survey of close to 300 single-family households (detached houses and row houses) carried out in Karlstad (south-central Sweden), to obtain insights into user attitudes and preferences – categorised into the three dimensions of sustainability – when it comes to energy usage or decision-making with regard to retrofits or new energy-using / energy-saving installations in households. Each of the dimensions is characterised by three criteria which respondents have rated on a Likert’s scale of 0 to 4 (not important to very important). The findings from this survey will open up a new way of thinking about the heterogeniety of energy users (which needs to be respected), for decision-makers and energy-advisers, who could subsquently strengthen their interaction and communication with them.
Fabrication of ZnS/ZnO composite photocatalysts by spin-coating ZnS nanoparticles on ZnO thin film
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Honda Mitsuhiro , Ichikawa Yo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ZnS/ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated by a simple coating method. ZnO thin film (TF) and ZnS nanoparticles were prepared separately by a sputtering technique and wet chemistry approach, respectively. Finally, those were combined together via the spin-coating of ZnS nanoparticles on a ZnO TF. The ZnS/ZnO products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy, which demonstrated the electrical contact between ZnO and ZnS. Compared with ZnS nanoparticles and ZnO TFs, the composite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity toward the decomposition of methylene blue, which could be explained by the separation and transfer of the photoexcited carriers at the contact. Moreover, by applying thermal pre-treatment to ZnO TFs, the crystallinity of the film was observed to be improved, which further enhanced the photocatalysis owing to the longer lifetime of the photoexcited carriers.
A technology demonstration of propagator matrix power method for calculation of electron velocity distribution functions in gas in long-term transient and succeeding equilibrium states under dc electric fields
Authors: Sugawara Hirotake , Iwamoto Hikaru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A matrix-based calculation for the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) in gas under dc electric field is demonstrated. The propagator matrix power method (PMPM) repeats squaring the propagator matrix P for its powers P
2, P
4, P
8, P
16, ⋯, up to a sufficient order of the power

P

2

S

. P is a square matrix representing the change of EVDF due to the electron acceleration by an electric field and the electron scattering by gas molecules in a time step Δt. With an initial EVDF f(t
0) in a form of a column vector, a matrix product

P

2

S

f
(

t

0

)

gives the EVDF at t = t
0 + 2
S
Δt. The PMPM enables us to observe the EVDF relaxation in a logarithmic time scale with a linear increase of the matrix squaring steps S. Features of the PMPM are discussed, and theoretically possible extensions to models under crossed electric and magnetic fields and ac electric field are investigated.