bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of exchange rates and invoiced currencies on trade: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Song Joon‐Heon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between exchange rates and South Korea's trade flows considering invoicing currencies in line with the dominant currency paradigm. We use the trade weight data of South Korea's total and bilateral trade with its major trading partners. Our analysis of the elasticities of South Korea's trade with respect to bilateral exchange rates shows that a strong US dollar—the dominant invoiced currency—is associated with a decline in South Korea's imports, regardless of the country of origin. We also show that the Japanese yen, as the other dominant invoicing currency in bilateral trade between South Korea and Japan, has a similar effect to that of the US dollar. In addition, fluctuations in the invoicing share of dominant currencies improve the statistical significance of the effect of exchange rate changes. We also report the results at the sectoral level. Overall, our results are consistent with the dominant currency paradigm. Finally, according to the South Korea pass‐through results, which show that US dollar rate fluctuations affect both import and consumer prices immediately, South Korean importers seem to react quickly by changing trade quantities and domestic sales prices.
Retrospective evaluation of the relationship between admission variables and brain herniation in dogs (2010–2019): 54 cases
Authors: Her Jiwoong , Yanke Amy B. , Gerken Katherine , Yoon Jin , Peters Ashley Antonia , Hofmeister Erik , Bacek Lenore M. , Kuo Kendon W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo document the admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) score in dogs with and without brain herniation and to determine their relationship with brain herniation.DesignRetrospective study between 2010 and 2019.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐four client‐owned dogs with brain herniation and 40 client‐owned dogs as a control group, as determined on magnetic resonance imaging.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsSBP, HR, MGCS score, and outcome were extracted from medical records. MGCS score was retrospectively calculated based on initial neurological examination in dogs with adequate available information. Dogs with brain herniation had a significantly higher SBP (P = 0.0078), greater SBP–HR difference (P = 0.0006), and lower MGCS score (P < 0.0001) compared to control dogs. A cutoff value of an SBP ≥ 178 mm Hg, SBP–HR ≥ 60, and MGCS score ≤ 14 each provides a specificity of 90%–98%. A combination of an SBP > 140 mm Hg and HR < 80/min provided 24% sensitivity and 100% specificity to diagnose dogs with brain herniation (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsA high SBP, a greater difference between SBP and HR, a combination of higher SBP and lower HR, and a low MGCS score were associated with brain herniation in dogs presenting with neurological signs upon admission. Early recognition of these abnormalities may help veterinarians to suspect brain herniation and determine timely treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 on the practice of breast pathologists: a survey of breast pathologists in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Elghobashy Mirna , Wahab Lutful , Gunavardhan Anu , O’Sullivan Emma , Provenzano Elena , Deb Rahul , Pritchard Susan , Di Palma Silvana , Ellis Ian O , Boyd Clinton , Pinder Sarah E , Shaaban Abeer M 
Published: October 2021

AimsThere is little information on the impact of COVID-19 on breast pathologists. This survey assessed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK and Ireland-based breast pathologists to optimise working environments and ensure preparedness for potential future pandemics.MethodsA 35-question survey during the first wave of COVID-19 infections in the UK including questions on workload, working practices, professional development, training, health and safety and well-being was distributed to consultant breast pathologists and responses collected anonymously.ResultsThere were 135 responses from breast pathologists based in the UK and Ireland. Most participants (75.6%) stated that their workload had decreased and their productivity dropped. 86/135 (63.7%) were given the option of working from home and 36% of those who did reported improved efficiency. Multidisciplinary team meetings largely moved to virtual platforms (77.8%) with fewer members present (41.5%). Online education, including webinars and courses, was utilised by 92.6%. 16.3% of pathologists reported shortages of masks, visors or gowns as the the most common health and safety concern. COVID-19 had a significant negative impact on the physical and mental health of 33.3% of respondents. A small number of pathologists (10.4%) were redeployed and/or retrained.ConclusionThe UK and Ireland breast pathologists adapted to the rapid change and maintained service delivery despite the significant impact of the pandemic on their working practices and mental health. It is important to apply flexible working patterns and environments that improve productivity and well-being. The changes suggested should be considered for long-term shaping of breast pathology services.
Bleeding after suction rectal biopsy with Rbi2: identification of the root cause through a multi-staged approach
Authors: Corbett Harriet J , Jeeneea Ramanand , Hennessey Iain 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionSuction rectal biopsy (SRB) is a key diagnostic tool in Hirschsprung’s disease. The original Noblett device has been superseded by modern alternatives including the Rbi2 rectal biopsy gun. We describe a comparison of biopsy results from the Noblett device and the Rbi2 gun and an investigation into significant post-biopsy bleeding episodes with the latter.MethodsA retrospective review of SRB episodes between 2006 and 2014 was undertaken to audit biopsy success rates. Significant post-procedure bleeding after SRB with the Rbi2 gun prompted further investigations.ResultsBiopsies taken with the Noblett gun were more likely to be inadequate (Noblett 82/197 (40%) vs Rbi2 77/438 (18%)). After biopsy with the Rbi2 gun, 2 infants suffered from significant bleeding requiring resuscitation, blood product support and multiple theater episodes. As there were no reported cases of bleeding with the Rbi2 gun, a report was made to the Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency who identified incorrect biopsy technique as a potential contributing factor. A questionnaire of trainees and consultants found unexpected individual variation in SRB technique, with some users applying excessive suction.ConclusionsSignificant bleeding occurred after SRB with the Rbi2 gun, excessive suction was thought to be the cause.
Irrigated crop rotation and phosphorus fertilizer-manure addition impacts on soil water repellency of a clay loam soil in southern Alberta
Authors: Miller Jim J. , Owen Mallory L. , Ellert Ben H. , Yang Xueming M. , Drury Craig F. , Chanasyk David S. 
Published: October 2021

Soil water repellency (SWR) was measured for a 28 yr field study under irrigation on a clay loam Dark Brown soil in southern Alberta. The objectives were to study the effect of legume–cereal crop rotations, feedlot manure, and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on soil hydrophobicity (SH) and soil water repellency index (RI) under irrigation. Mean SH and RI were similar (P > 0.05) for a legume–cereal and cereal rotation and were unaffected by P fertilization. However, P fertilization shifted the RI classification from slight to subcritical. In contrast, SH was significantly greater for manured than nonmanured treatments, while RI was unaffected. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with SH (r = 0.74), but not with RI (r = −0.17). This suggested a closer association between the quantity of SOC and quantity of hydrophobic compounds (SH method) compared with the hydrophobic coatings inhibiting infiltration of water (RI method). No significant correlation between SH and RI (r = −0.09) suggests that SH is not a good predictor of SWR using the RI method. Overall, manure application increased SH and P fertilization shifted the RI classification from slight to subcritical. In contrast, legume–cereal rotations had no influence on SH and SWR using RI method compared with continuous cereal.
Phase I/Ib Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Buparlisib and Ibrutinib Therapy in MCL, FL, and DLBCL with Serial Cell-Free DNA Monitoring
Authors: Stewart Caitlin M. , Michaud Laure , Whiting Karissa , Nakajima Reiko , Nichols Chelsea , De Frank Stephanie , Hamlin Paul A. , Matasar Matthew J. , Gerecitano John F. , Drullinsky Pamela , Hamilton Audrey , Straus David , Horwitz Steven M. , Kumar Anita , Moskowitz Craig H. , Moskowitz Alison , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Rademaker Jurgen , Salles Gilles , Seshan Venkatraman , Schöder Heiko , Younes Anas , Tsui Dana W.Y. , Batlevi Connie Lee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) represent parallel, synergistic pathways in lymphoma pathogenesis. As predominant PI3Kδ inhibition is a possible mechanism of tumor escape, we proposed a clinical trial of dual BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a single-center phase I/Ib trial combining a BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) and a pan-PI3K inhibitor (buparlisib) in 37 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma. Buparlisib and ibrutinib were administered orally, once daily in 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02756247.

Results:
Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) receiving the combination had a 94% overall response rate (ORR) and 33-month median progression-free survival; ORR of 31% and 20% were observed in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 100 mg and the recommended phase II dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 80 mg. The most common grade 3 adverse events were rash/pruritis/dermatitis (19%), diarrhea (11%), hyperglycemia (11%), and hypertension (11%). All grade mood disturbances ranging from anxiety, depression, to agitation were observed in 22% of patients. Results from serial monitoring of cell-free DNA samples corresponded to radiographic resolution of disease and tracked the emergence of mutations known to promote BTK inhibitor resistance.

Conclusions:
BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma demonstrates a promising efficacy signal. Addition of BCL2 inhibitors to a BTK and pan-PI3K combination remain suitable for further development in mantle cell lymphoma.
Myeloid Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transcriptionally Regulates P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Promotes Monocyte Trafficking and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Man Joshua J. , Lu Qing , Moss M. Elizabeth , Carvajal Brigett , Baur Wendy , Garza Amanda E. , Freeman Roy , Anastasiou Marina , Ngwenyama Njabulo , Adler Gail K. , Alcaide Pilar , Jaffe Iris Z. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation associates with increased risk of cardiovascular ischemia while MR inhibition reduces cardiovascular-related mortality and plaque inflammation in mouse atherosclerosis. MR in myeloid cells (My-MR) promotes inflammatory cell infiltration into injured tissues and atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by unclear mechanisms. Here, we examined the role of My-MR in leukocyte trafficking and the impact of sex.

Approach and Results:
We confirm in vivo that My-MR deletion (My-MR-KO) in ApoE-KO mice decreased plaque size. Flow cytometry revealed fewer plaque macrophages with My-MR-KO. By intravital microscopy, My-MR-KO significantly attenuated monocyte slow-rolling and adhesion to mesenteric vessels and decreased peritoneal infiltration of myeloid cells in response to inflammatory stimuli in male but not female mice. My-MR-KO mice had significantly less PSGL1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1) mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and surface PSGL1 protein on circulating monocytes in males. In vitro, MR activation with aldosterone significantly increased PSGL1 mRNA only in monocytes from MR-intact males. Similarly, aldosterone induced, and MR antagonist spironolactone inhibited, PSGL1 expression in human U937 monocytes. Mechanistically, aldosterone stimulated MR binding to a predicted MR response element in intron-1 of the PSGL1 gene by ChIP-qPCR. Reporter assays demonstrated that this PSGL1 MR response element is necessary and sufficient for aldosterone-activated, MR-dependent transcriptional activity.

Conclusions:
These data identify PSGL1 as a My-MR target gene that drives leukocyte trafficking to enhance atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. These novel and sexually dimorphic findings provide insight into increased ischemia risk with MR activation, cardiovascular protection in women, and the role of MR in atherosclerosis and tissue inflammation.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
SMC-Derived Hyaluronan Modulates Vascular SMC Phenotype in Murine Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hartmann Felicia , Gorski Daniel J. , Newman Alexandra A.C. , Homann Susanne , Petz Anne , Owsiany Katherine M. , Serbulea Vlad , Zhou Yu-Qing , Deaton Rebecca A. , Bendeck Michelle , Owens Gary K. , Fischer Jens W. 
Published: October 2021

Rationale:
Plaque instability remains poorly understood and new therapeutic approaches to reduce plaque rupture and subsequent clinical events are of great interest. Recent studies revealed an important role of phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in controlling plaque stability, including ECM (extracellular matrix) deposition.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of hyaluronan derived from SMC–hyaluronan synthase 3 (
Has3
), in phenotypic switching and plaque stability in an animal model of atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results:

A mouse line with SMC-specific deletion of
Has3
and simultaneous SMC-lineage tracing (
e
YFP [enhanced yellow fluorescent protein]) on an
Apoe
−/−
background was used. Lineage tracing of SMC with
e
YFP revealed that SMC-specific deletion of
Has3
significantly increased the number of LGALS3
+
(galectin-3) transition state SMC and decreased ACTA2
+
(alpha-smooth muscle actin) SMC. Notably, SMC-
Has3
deletion led to significantly increased collagen deposition and maturation within the fibrous cap and the whole lesion, as evidenced by picrosirius red staining and LC-PolScope analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brachiocephalic artery lesions demonstrated that the loss of SMC-
Has3
enhanced the transition of SMC to a
Lgals3
+
, ECM-producing phenotype with elevated acute-phase response gene expression. Experiments using cultured murine aortic SMC revealed that blocking CD44 (cluster of differentiation-44), an important hyaluronan binding receptor, recapitulated the enhanced acute-phase response, and synthesis of fibrous ECM.

Conclusions:

These studies provide evidence that the deletion of SMC-
Has3
results in an ECM-producing transition state SMC phenotype (characterized by LGALS3
+
expression), likely via reduced CD44 signaling, resulting in increased collagen formation and maturation, an index consistent with increased plaque stability.
Period Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease and the Need for a Centralized Patient Registry in American Samoa, 2016 to 2018
Authors: Woodruff Rebecca C. , Eliapo‐Unutoa Ipuniuesea , Chiou Howard , Gayapa Maria , Noonan Sara , Podila Pradeep S. B. , Rayle Victoria , Sanchez Guillermo , Tulafono Ray , Van Beneden Chris A. , Ritchey Matthew 
Published: October 2021

Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a severe, chronic complication of acute rheumatic fever, triggered by group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Centralized patient registries are recommended for RHD prevention and control, but none exists in American Samoa. Using existing RHD tracking systems, we estimated RHD period prevalence and the proportion of people with RHD documented in the electronic health record.

Methods and Results

RHD cases were identified from a centralized electronic health record system, which retrieved clinical encounters with RHD
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐10‐CM
) codes, clinical problem lists referencing RHD, and antibiotic prophylaxis administration records; 3 RHD patient tracking spreadsheets; and an all‐cause mortality database. RHD cases had ≥1 clinical encounter with RHD
ICD‐10‐CM
codes, a diagnostic echocardiogram, or RHD as a cause of death, or were included in RHD patient tracking spreadsheets. Period prevalence per 1000 population among children aged <18 years and adults aged ≥18 years from 2016 to 2018 and the proportion of people with RHD with ≥1 clinical encounter with an RHD
ICD‐10‐CM
code were estimated. From 2016 to 2018, RHD was documented in 327 people (57.2%: children aged <18 years). Overall RHD period prevalence was 6.3 cases per 1000 and varied by age (10.0 pediatric cases and 4.3 adult cases per 1000). Only 67% of people with RHD had ≥1 clinical encounter with an RHD
ICD‐10‐CM
code.

Conclusions
RHD remains a serious public health problem in American Samoa, and the existing electronic health record does not include all cases. A centralized patient registry could improve tracking people with RHD to ensure they receive necessary care.
Prognostic Importance of Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nakagawa Akito , Yasumura Yoshio , Yoshida Chikako , Okumura Takahiro , Tateishi Jun , Yoshida Junichi , Abe Haruhiko , Tamaki Shunsuke , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Yusuke , Yamada Takahisa , Dohi Tomoharu , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC)‐Heart Failure investigators
Published: October 2021

Background
Although the prognostic importance of pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC; stroke volume/pulmonary arterial pulse pressure) has been elucidated in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, whether its significance in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not known. We aimed to examine the association of PAC with outcomes in inpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

We prospectively studied 705 patients (median age, 83 years; 55% women) registered in PURSUIT‐HFpEF (Prospective Multicenter Observational Study of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction). We investigated the association of echocardiographic PAC at discharge with the primary end point of all‐cause death or heart failure rehospitalization with a mean follow‐up of 384 days. We further tested the acceptability of the prognostic significance of PAC in a subgroup of patients (167/705 patients; median age, 81 years; 53% women) in whom PAC was assessed by right heart catheterization. The median echocardiographic PAC was 2.52 mL/mm Hg, with a quartile range of 1.78 to 3.32 mL/mm Hg. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression testing revealed that echocardiographic PAC was associated with the primary end point (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72–0.92;
P
=0.001; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99;
P
=0.035, respectively). Univariable Cox regression testing revealed that PAC assessed by right heart catheterization (median calculated PAC, 2.82 mL/mm Hg) was also associated with the primary end point (unadjusted HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52–0.91;
P
=0.005).

Conclusions
A prospective cohort study revealed that impaired PAC diagnosed with both echocardiography and right heart catheterization was associated with adverse outcomes in inpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Registration
URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000024414. Unique identifier: UMIN000021831.
Impact of nationwide COVID-19 lockdown on workload and injury patterns of major trauma cases in a regional trauma centre in Singapore
Authors: Kang Min Li , Lim Woan Wui , Lee Daniel Jin Keat , Goo Jerry Tiong Thye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Singapore instituted lockdown measures from 7 February 2020 to 1 June 2020 in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of cases from the national trauma registry was carried out comparing the lockdown period (from 7 February 2020 to 1 June 2020) to the pre-lockdown period (from 7 February 2019 to 1 June 2019). Data extracted included the volume of Tier 1 (injury severity score [ISS] >15) and Tier 2 (ISS 9–15) cases and epidemiology. Subgroup analysis was performed for Tier 1 patient outcomes.

Results:
Trauma volume decreased by 19.5%, with a 32% drop in Tier 1 cases. Road traffic and workplace accidents decreased by 50% (P < 0.01), while interpersonal violence showed an increase of 37.5% (P = 0.34). There was an 18.1% decrease in usage of trauma workflows (P = 0.01), with an increase in time to intervention for Tier 1 patients from 88 to 124 min (P = 0.22). Discharge to community facilities decreased from 31.4% to 17.1% (P < 0.05). There was no increase in inpatient mortality, length of stay in critical care or length of stay overall.

Conclusion:
There was an overall decrease in major trauma cases during the lockdown period, particularly road traffic accidents and worksite injuries, and a relative increase in interpersonal violence. Redeployment of manpower and hospital resources may have contributed to decreased usage of trauma workflows and community facilities. In the event of further lockdowns, it is necessary to plan for trauma coverage and maintain the use of workflows to facilitate early intervention.
Improving children’s cooperativeness during magnetic resonance imaging using interactive educational animated videos: a prospective, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Utama Evelyn Gabriela , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Tang Phua Hwee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
A previous prospective, randomised controlled trial showed that animated videos shown to children before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reduced the proportion of children needing repeated MRI sequences and improved confidence of the children staying still for at least 30 min. Children preferred the interactive video. We hypothesised that the interactive video is non-inferior to showing two videos (regular and interactive) in improving children’s cooperativeness during MRI scans.

Methods:
In this Institutional Review Board-approved prospective, randomised, non-inferiority trial, 558 children aged 3–20 years scheduled for elective MRI scan from June 2017 to March 2019 were randomised into the interactive video only group and combined (regular and interactive) videos group. Children were shown the videos before their scan. Repeated MRI sequences, general anaesthesia (GA) requirement and improvement in confidence of staying still for at least 30 min were assessed.

Results:
In the interactive video group (n = 277), 86 (31.0%) children needed repeated MRI sequences, two (0.7%) needed GA and the proportion of children who had confidence in staying still for more than 30 min increased by 22.1% after the video. In the combined videos group (n = 281), 102 (36.3%) children needed repeated MRI sequences, six (2.1%) needed GA and the proportion of children who had confidence in staying still for more than 30 min increased by 23.2% after the videos; the results were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The interactive video group demonstrated non-inferiority to the combined videos group.