bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we care about eating problems sufficiently in adolescent Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: POLAT OZLEM , YILMAZ SEMRA , CAKIR ESRA PAPATYA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Eating problems have been shown to be common in adolescents with T1DM. We aimed to examine the association of eating problems with emotional problems, behavioral attitudes towards treatment and diet adherence.
Method:

The study was conducted with 132 participants, of them 72 were with T1DM (T1DM group) and 60 were healthy controls group. Participants were evaluated using a data form and self-report scales which were Children's Depression Scale (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT).
Results

Rates of having significant scores for CDI, SCARED and EAT in the T1DM group (52.8%, 36.1%, 30.6%, respectively) were higher than control group (21.7%, 8.3%, 3.4,) (p < 0.01). Patients with separate parents, lower parental education, irregular outpatient follow-up, hospitalization in the previous 3 months, diabetes complications and history of refusing insulin injections had higher rates of having significant scores for CDI and/or SCARED (p < 0.05). Having significant scores for EAT was related to person who makes the insulin injections (p < 0.05) and the child's diet adherence (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between EAT and CDI scores (r = 0.309; p = 0.008; p < 0.01).
Conclusion

Adolescents with T1DM have an increased risk of eating and emotional problems. Increasing age, low parental educational level, not taking the responsibility of insulin treatment, strict adherence to diabetic diet and depressive symptomatology were associated with increased risk for eating problems. Identifing the risky cases for eating problems will improve the clinical outcome.
Level of Evidence:

Level II, Prospective Cross-sectional Clinical Study
Pedalium murex L.: Potential genetic resource for herbal medicine and mucilage
Authors: Shekhar Sujata , Rathur Rajat , Singh Rajat P , Kumar Akhilesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pedalium murex (Pedaliaceae), commonly known as large caltrops in English and bada gokharu in Hindi is an underutilized mucilaginous medicinal herb having multiple uses in traditional system of medicine. It is mainly used to cure reproductive disorders, like impotency in men, nocturnal emissions, gonorrhoea as well as leucorrhoea in women. It is also useful in the treatment of urinary and gastrointestinal tract disorders. The present paper deals with botanical identity, vernacular names, ecology, environmental requirement and growth conditions, origin and geographical distribution, morphological/botanical description, propagation and cultivation, usages as a source of food, mucilage, medicine and biodiesel, important Ayurvedic formulations, phytochemical and pharmacological profile, future prospect.
The difference in the association of risky sexual behaviors with substance use among US adolescents mediated by the type of substance.
Authors: Desai Saral , Kulkarni Nishat , Rehmatullah Sanila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Although the relationship between risky sexual behaviors and substance use has been established, the interplay between different types of substances and risky sexual behaviors needs further exploration. We aimed to identify the prevalence of risky sexual behavior in US high school students and study the difference in the association of risky sexual behaviors with substance use mediated by the type of substances.
Method

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2019 data that nationally represents US high school students in grades 9–12. We identified risky sexual behaviors as participants with four or more lifetime sexual partners who did not use a condom during intercourse.
Results

Out of 11,191 participants, 463 (3.9%) engaged in risky sexual behavior. 17- year old (37.1% vs. 23.0% ;p < 0.0001), >= 18-year old (26.0% vs. 12.8% ;p < 0001) and African American participants (16.8% vs. 10.3%; p = 0.04) had higher prevalence of risky sexual behavior. The prevalence of substance use among participants with risky sexual behavior was higher for all substances (p < 0.0001). In regression analysis, steroid use was associated with the highest odds of risky sexual behavior (aOR: 4.87, 95%CI: 2.48–9.57; p < 0.0001) followed by cocaine (3.80, 1.80-8.00; p = 0.001), marijuana (3.36, 1.64–6.89; p < 0.0001), alcohol (2.41, 1.05–5.55; p = 0.039), electronic vapor product (2.05, 1.004–4.19; p = 0.049), and traditional cigarettes (1.58, 1.10–2.28; p = 0.016).
Conclusion

Although the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors is low, the prevalence of substance use is significantly higher in participants with risky sexual behaviors. Among the different types of substances, anabolic steroid use has the highest odds of risky sexual behaviors. Clinicians should remain vigilant for anabolic steroid use when screening adolescents for substance use. Further research is needed to study the effects of anabolic steroids on health risk behaviors.
The impact of an additional year of education on myopia: an interrupted time series in the UK Biobank.
Authors: Woolf Benjamin , Aziz Riaz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction: In the past decade, the minimal school leaving age has been raised twice. Previous studies have found evidence for a link between this type of policy and myopia. We aim to use the 1972 raising of school leaving age to estimate the effect of the raising of school leaving age in 2013 and 2015. Methods: We use a segmented regression model to conduct an instrumental time series analyses of the effect of years of education on myopia using the 1972 raising of school leaving age. To recover the effect of a one-year change, we use the effect of the change on years of education and reflective error in an instrumental variables analysis. Results: We found evidence for a 0.60 (SE = 0.10) increase in years of education and, after adjusting for probability of having missing data and sex, a -0.14d (SE = 0.03) for refractive error. Instrumental variables analyse implies a -0.24 d/year (SE = 0.05) change in refractive error for each additional year in education. Conclusion: Our results triangulate the findings of pervious quasi-experimental methods on the effect of years of education on myopia and imply that each raising of school leaving age in the 2010s should be expected to a lead to -0.07 d/yr change in refractive error in the UK population.
Efficacy And Safety of Family Participate In The Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Wang Guoqiang , Li Bin , Wei Huaping , Zhang Zhigang , Chen Ke , Tian Jinhui , Zhu Lei , Lin Qingling , Ding Nannan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background：Long-term immobilization can cause a series of harm to ICU patients, while early rehabilitation can effectively reduce the harm of long-term immobilization and improve the medical outcome of patients. Can family members participate in the early mobilization (FMPiEM) of critically ill patients? Whether the FMPiEM of critically ill patients can reduce delirium, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome and other adverse emotions of ICU patients.Objective: To explore the FMPiEM of critically ill patients on the short-term and long-term outcomes.Methods and design: A single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) is conducted and reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. A total of 120 samples were randomly assigned to the intervention group (FMPiEM) and the control group ( without-FMPiEM).The primary outcome indicators included the incidence of ICU delirium, acquired infection, ICU mortality, and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), while the secondary outcome indicators included mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in ICU (ICU LOS), reintubation, unplanned extubation (UEX), hospitalization costs, and patient outcomes. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Frequency and mean ± standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. B test, t test or Mann-whitney U test were used for statistical inference.Discussion: FMPiEM of critically ill patients maybe not only reduce the incidence of delirium, ICU-AW, but also reduce the mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in ICU, reintubation, UEX and hospitalization costs of critically ill patients, at the same time, without increasing the acquired infection in ICU.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID:ChiCTR2000028902. Registered on 06 January 2020.
Observation of The Curative Effect of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu Decoction Combined With Methotrexate In The Treatment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Based On Ultrasonic Evaluation: Study Protocol of A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shen Jiaying , Chen Qianwen , Yang Guanghui , He Yikun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with the primary clinical symptoms of joint swelling and pain. Early detection of erosion and synovial inflammation at an active stage resulting from RA can prevent damage to the joints and activity restriction. However ,there are still many patients who do not respond to these treatments, the development of newer, safer drugs is urgently needed. Compared to Western medicine, Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has equal or higher efficacy and safety for RA patients. With the widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), this technology holds great value for the degree of joint damage in RA patients, guiding the clinical selection of treatments, and assessing of prognosis. Therefore, we designed a double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to measure the safety and efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating early stage RA using MSUS. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 152 adult participants with early RA will be enrolled, with balanced treatment allocation (1:1). The experimental intervention will be Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction plus the conventional medicine methotrexate and the control intervention will be placebo plus the conventional drug methotrexate for 3 months. In addition, both groups will receive folic acid during treatment to prevent side effects from methotrexate. The primary outcomes are the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP), hepatic and renal function , visual analog scale, disease activity Score in 28 joints, measurement scale for TCM symptoms, and 7-joints ultrasound score. Discussion: We designed this double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in RA patients using MSUS. The results of this trial may provide insights into how to improve the clinical symptoms, of RA patients and delay further joint destruction. We hope that this trial may provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating RA patients and that these results aid researchers, practitioners and patients alike. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Register, ChiCTR2000036141. Registered on 21 August 2020 (Retroactively registered).
Role of Natural Bioactives and their Nanocarriers for Overcoming Oxidative Stress Induced Cancer
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Ashhar Muhammad Usama , Ahuja Alka , Ali Javed , Baboota Sanjula 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oxidative stress and free radicals are harmful to human health. Reactive
oxygen species are the major source of oxidative stress and are one of the major causes
of cancer development. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Prolonged
use of synthetic chemotherapeutic due to their low bioavailability leads to systemic
toxic side effects. To surmount this problem, the use of antioxidants is recommended as they
have the ability to counteract oxidative stress and mitigate its effects on human health. They
inhibit various pathways that are involved with the initiation and progression of cancer. Various
nanoformulations have been used to deliver these antioxidants (curcumin, mangiferin,
quercetin) in the treatment of various cancer for overcoming oxidative stress.

Objective:
The main focus of this review article is to illustrate various studies performed
using nanocarriers of natural bioactives to overcome oxidative stress and cancer associated
with it. It also describes pathways associated with the induction, initiation and progression
of cancer due to reactive oxidative species.

Methods:
Research articles that focused on the use of natural bioactives and their nanoformulations
for the treatment of various cancers induced due to oxidative stress, were collected
from various search engines like PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using
keywords like oxidative stress, antioxidants, cancers, ROS, etc.

Conclusion:
Natural bioactives have shown great potential in overcoming oxidative stress for
the treatment of various cancers. However, extensive research is required so that these antioxidants
and their nanocarriers can be used for the welfare of mankind, in the treatment of various
cancers, in the near future.
Structures, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Nonactic Acid and Its
Derivatives
Authors: Hu Jianan , Zhang Jirui , He Jian 
Published: June 2021

:
Nonactic acid, which is a macrocyclic nonactin subunit, contains four asymmetric
centers and has the molecular formula of C10H18O3. Due to their various biological activities
and challenging structural characteristics, nonactic acid and its derivatives have attracted
much attention from scientists since 1955. These compounds possess significant antibacterial,
insecticidal and acaricidal activities, as well as a promoting effect on plant growth. However,
the studies in the anticancer activities of these compounds are limited. It is noticed that some
derivatives of nonactic acid show significant cytotoxicity toward different human cancer cells,
from which, a basic structure-activity relationship might be able to obtain. On the basis of
these progresses, we believe that this review may provide new ideas for generating potent
anticancer compounds bearing the same pharmacophores derived from those macrocyclic
molecules.
Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Dispiro[oxindole-cyclohexanone]- pyrrolidines
Authors: Gouda Magy , Bawazeer Majed , Hegazy Lamees , Azab Mohamed , Elagawany Mohamed , Rateb Mostafa , Yaseen Mohammed , Elgendy Bahaa 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Spirooxindoles are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, which were identified
through Wang’s pioneering work as inhibitors of MDM2-p53 interactions.

Objective:
To design and synthesize 2,6-diarylidenecyclohexanones and dispiro[oxindole-cyclohexanone]-
pyrrolidines having potential antitumor effect.

Method:
Dispiro[oxindole-cyclohexanone]-pyrrolidines 6a-h were synthesized in a regioselective manner via
1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 2,6-diarylidenecyclohexanones 3a-h, isatin, and sarcocine. Compounds
6a-h were alkylated to give (7-10)a,b. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antitumor activity and
cytotoxic selectivity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), breast fibrosis cell line
(MCF10a), and placental cancer cell line (JEG-3). Molecular modeling inside the MDM2 binding site was performed
using AutoDock4.2.

Results:
Synthesized compounds showed antitumor activity comparable to tamoxifen and compounds 3a,b,f,g
and 9a,b showed selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells but reduced toxicity toward MCF-10a cells. Molecular
modelling shows that both classes of synthesized compounds are predicted to fit the deep hydrophobic cleft
on the surface of MDM2 and mimic the interactions between p53 and MDM2.

Conclusion:
The synthesized compounds have antitumor activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and JEG-3.
Few compounds showed a selective cytotoxic effect and may have the potential to inhibit MDM2 and stimulate
p53. In the future, studies regarding the optimization of medicinal chemistry as well as mechanistic studies will
be conducted to enhance the inhibition effect of identified compounds and elucidate their mechanism of action.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Five Hub
Genes Associated with Metastasis in Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Feng Helin , Wu Hongzeng , Zhang Benzheng , Zhao Jiazheng , Zhao Yi , Ma Xiaowei 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Synovial sarcoma (SS) refers to a malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS)
which often comes about to children and adults and has a poor prognosis in elderly patients.
Patients with local lesions can be treated with extensive surgical resection combined with adjuvant
or radiotherapy, whereas about half of the cases have recurrent diseases and metastatic lesions, and
five-year survival ratio is assessed within the range of 27% - 55% only.

Method:
We downloaded a set of expression profile data (GSE40021) related to SS metastasis
based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and selected distinctly represented genes
(DEGs) related to tumor metastasis. WGCNA was used to emphasize the DEGs related to tumor
metastasis, and obtain co-expression modules. Then, the module most related to SS metastasis was
screened out. The genes of enriched in this module were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO)
functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway improvement
analysis. Cytoscape software was used for constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks,
and screening hub genes were made in virtue of Oncomine analysis.

Result:
We selected 514 DEGs, consisting of 210 up-regulated genes and 304 down-regulated
genes. Through WGCAN, we got seven co-expression modules and the module most related to SS
metastasis was turquoise module, which contained 66 genes. Finally, we screened out five hub
genes (HJURP, NCAPG, TPX2, CENPA, NDC80) through CytoHubba and Oncomine analysis.

Conclusion:
In this study, we screened out five hub genes to help clinical diagnosis and serve as
the latent purpose of SS treatment.
Exploring Dual Agonists for PPARα/γ Receptors using Pharmacophore
Modeling, Docking Analysis and Molecule Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Li Shao-Yong , Cheng Xian-Chao , Ding Ting-Ting , Liu Ya-Ya , Zhang Li-Ming , Shi Jia-Rui , Xu Wei-Ren 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligandactivated
transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. The roles of PPARα in
fatty acid oxidation and PPARγ in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage have been widely
characterized. Compounds with dual PPARα/γ activity have been proposed, combining the benefits
of insulin sensitization and lipid lowering into one drug, allowing a single drug to reduce
hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia while preventing the development of cardiovascular
complications.

Methods:
The new PPARα/γ agonists were screened through virtual screening of pharmacophores
and molecular dynamics simulations. First, in the article, the constructed pharmacophore was used
to screen the Ligand Expo Components-pub database to obtain the common structural
characteristics of representative PPARα/γ agonist ligands. Then, the accepted ligand structure was
modified and replaced to obtain 12 new compounds. Using molecular docking, ADMET and
molecular dynamics simulation methods to screen the designed 12 ligands, analyze their docking
scores when they bind to the PPARα/γ dual targets, their stability and pharmacological properties
when they bind to the PPARα/γ dual targets.

Results:
We performed pharmacophore-based virtual screening for 22949 molecules in Ligand
Expo Components-pub database. The compounds that were superior to the original ligand were
performed structural analysis and modification, and a series of compounds with novel structures
were designed. Using precise docking, ADMET prediction and molecular dynamics methods to
screen and verify newly designed compounds, and the above compounds show higher docking
scores and lower side effects.

Conclusion:
9 new PPARα/γ agonists were obtained by pharmacophore modeling, docking
analysis and molecular dynamics simulation.
Screening of Candidate Pathogenic Genes for Spontaneous Abortion Using
Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Li Guang , Ding Jiayi , Zhu Qingwen , Liu Jia , Chen Li , Zhou Yiwen , Zhou Tao , Bian Wenjun , Ding Guohui 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Spontaneous abortion is a common disease in obstetrics and reproduction.

Objective:
This study aimed to screen candidate pathogenic genes for spontaneous abortion using
whole-exome sequencing.

Methods:
Genomic DNA was extracted from abortion tissues of spontaneous abortion patients and
sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2500 high-throughput sequencing platform. Whole exome sequencing
was performed to select harmful mutations, including SNP and insertion and deletion
sites, associated with spontaneous abortion. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and gene fusion analyses were performed.
MUC3A and PDE4DIP were two novel mutation genes that were screened and verified by
PCR in abortion tissues of patients.

Results:
A total of 83,633 SNPs and 13,635 Indel mutations were detected, of which 29172 SNPs
and 3093 Indels were screened as harmful mutations. The 7 GO-BP, 4 GO-CC, 9 GO-MF progress,
and 3 KEGG pathways were enriched in GO and KEGG pathway analyses. A total of 746 gene fusion
mutations were obtained, involving 492 genes. MUC3A and PDE4DIP were used for PCR verification
because of their high number of mutation sites in all samples.

Conclusion:
There are extensive SNPs and Indel mutations in the genome of spontaneous abortion
tissues, and the effect of these gene mutations on spontaneous abortion needs further experimental
verification.
The Utility of MRI to Diagnose Ischifemoral Impingement by Assessing the Ischiofemoral and Quadratus Femoris Spaces During Femoral External Rotation
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhang Yu Xiang , Yu Bao Hai , Shao Shu Ying , Chen Xiao Shuai , Zhou Xiaoyue , Zhao Jian 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore if the dimensions of the ischiofemoral
space on MRI vary with changes in external femoral rotation in Ischifemoral Impingement patients
relative to healthy control; if so, to determine the optimal diagnostic cutoff values of these dimensions
in Ischifemoral Impingement.

Methods:
The study included 43 clinically confirmed Ischifemoral Impingement patients and 50
healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent hip MRI examinations with their hips externally rotated
at 0°, 30° and 60°. The IFS and QFS were measured respectively at each angle. The measurements
were compared between the IFI group and the control group to determine the optimal diagnostic
cutoff values for diagnosing IFI by using IFS and QFS measurements.

Results:
In the IFI group, the spaces were smaller than those of the control group at all rotation angles
(P < 0.05 for each). When external rotation angles were increased, the IFS and QFS tended to
decrease. QFSs were smaller in the case group than the control group at each rotation angle. The receiver
operating characteristic areas under the curves of IFS and QFS in a neutral position of 0°
were highest.

Conclusion:
Both of the IFS and QFS spaces of IFI patients were found to be smaller than those of
control group, regardless of the external hip rotation angles. A neutral position of 0° was deemed
the best position for diagnosing IFI. The diagnostic cutoff values of IFS and QFS were 2.44cm and
1.34cm in the neutral position, respectively.