bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected formation of root‐like structures subsequent to the avulsion of immature permanent teeth: Case report
Authors: Reis Giselle Emilãine da Silva , Feltrin de Souza Juliana , Santos Denis Emílio Nascimento , de Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Koubik Ana Claúdia Galvão de Aguiar , Pupo Yasmine Mendes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis report describes the unexpected formation of root‐like structures following the avulsion of immature permanent teeth without replantation. A 6‐year‐old female patient had avulsed the four permanent mandibular incisors and the two deciduous mandibular canines. The patient was seen in an emergency healthcare unit but did not receive specialized treatment for tooth replantation. As follow‐up treatment, she received a removable prosthesis. After 4 years of follow‐up, an image obtained by panoramic radiography showed formations similar to four root structures in the alveolus of the previously avulsed permanent teeth. This finding was confirmed by periapical radiography and computed tomography. This case report demonstrates that in teeth with incomplete root development, even after avulsion without replantation, cells from the pulp stump may have the capacity to form mineralized structures that appear radiographically comparable to root dentin.
Knowledge, Attitude, Access and Confidence in Evidence‐based practice amongst French dental undergraduates: A transcultural adaptation and psychometrics analysis of French version of the KACE questionnaire
Authors: Agossa Kevimy , Sy Kadiatou , Pinçon Claire , Nicolas Thomas , Catteau Céline , Blaizot Alessandra , Dubar Marie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a reliable instrument to assess evidence‐based practice (EBP) dimensions in French‐speaking dental students. To do so, a transcultural adaptation into French of the self‐administered KACE questionnaire (Knowledge, Attitude, Access and Confidence Evaluation) and the evaluation of its psychometric properties in a sample of French dental students and teachers were performed. The effects of individual and academic factors on student performance in the KACE were also investigated.MethodTeachers and fourth‐year students completed once the translated KACE and fifth‐year students completed twice the questionnaire before and after an epidemiology course. Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysis, Kruskal‐Wallis and post hoc Dunn's tests, paired samples Wilcoxon tests and a generalised linear mixed model were performed to assess the psychometric properties (reliability, internal consistency, discriminant validity and responsiveness) of the questionnaire and to identify the factors associated with KACE scores, respectively.Results186 participants completed the survey. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.06 to 0.48 for Knowledge, 0.21 to 0.59 for Attitude, 0.42 to 0.76 for Access and 0.82 to 0.93 for Confidence. The discriminant value and sensitivity of the French KACE revealed significant differences amongst students and teachers and accurately identified the effect the training course had on the students who had completed it. Preparing for a residency programme or having received add‐on modules in science improved the students' performance in the test. Being female negatively impacted the KACE Confidence score.ConclusionThis version of the KACE is appropriate to assess EBP dimensions in French dental students. Academic background and gender may affect test performance.
Adaptive markers distinguish North and South Pacific Albacore amid low population differentiation
Authors: Vaux Felix , Bohn Sandra , Hyde John R. , O'Malley Kathleen G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlbacore (Thunnus alalunga) support an economically valuable global fishery, but surprisingly little is known about the population structure of this highly migratory species. Physical tagging data suggest that Albacore from the North and South Pacific Ocean are separate stocks, but results from previous genetic studies did not support this two stock hypothesis. In addition, observed biological differences among juveniles suggest that there may be population substructure in the North Pacific. We used double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to assess population structure among 308 Albacore caught in 12 sample areas across the Pacific Ocean (10 North, 2 South). Since Albacore are highly migratory and spawning areas are unknown, sample groups were not assumed to be equivalent to populations and the genetic data were analyzed iteratively. We tested for putatively adaptive differences among groups and for genetic variation associated with sex. Results indicated that Albacore in the North and South Pacific can be distinguished using 84 putatively adaptive loci, but not using the remaining 12,788 presumed neutral sites. However, two individuals likely represent F1 hybrids between the North and South Pacific populations, and 43 Albacore potentially exhibit lower degrees of mixed ancestry. In addition, four or five cross‐hemisphere migrants were potentially identified. No genetic evidence was found for population substructure within the North Pacific, and no loci appeared to distinguish males from females. Potential functions for the putatively adaptive loci were identified, but an annotated Albacore genome is required for further exploration. Future research should try to locate spawning areas so that life history, demography, and genetic population structure can be linked and spatiotemporal patterns can be investigated.
Parentage‐based tagging combined with genetic stock identification is a cost‐effective and viable replacement for coded‐wire tagging in large‐scale assessments of marine Chinook salmon fisheries in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Wallace Colin G. , Jonsen Kim , McIntosh Brenda , Candy John R. , Horst Katherine , Lynch Cheryl , Willis David , Luedke Wilf , Kearey Lee , Rondeau Eric B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWild Pacific salmon, including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest, mitigation for hydroelectric development, and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision‐making. For policy implementation, a new approach to the assessment and management of Chinook salmon and the associated hatchery production and fisheries management are needed. Implementation of genetic stock identification (GSI) and parentage‐based tagging (PBT) for marine fisheries assessment may overcome problems associated with coded‐wire tag‐based (CWT) assessment and management of Chinook salmon fisheries, providing at a minimum information equivalent to that derived from the CWT program. GSI and PBT were used to identify Chinook salmon sampled in 2018 and 2019 marine fisheries (18,819 individuals genotyped) in British Columbia to specific conservation units (CU), populations, and broodyears. Individuals were genotyped at 391 single nucleotide polymorphisms via direct sequencing of amplicons. Very high accuracy of assignment to population and age (>99.5%) via PBT was observed for 1994 Chinook salmon of ages 2–4 years, with a 105,722–individual, 380–population baseline available for assignment. Application of a GSI‐PBT system of identification to individuals in 2019 fisheries provided high‐resolution estimates of stock composition, catch, and exploitation rate by CU or population, with fishery exploitation rates directly comparable to those provided by CWTs for 13 populations. GSI and PBT provide an alternate, cheaper, and more effective method in the assessment and management of Canadian‐origin Chinook salmon relative to CWTs, and an opportunity for a genetics‐based system to replace the current CWT system for salmon assessment.
Compartmentalised metabolic programmes in human anagen hair follicles: New targets to modulate epithelial stem cell behaviour, keratinocyte proliferation and hair follicle immune status?
Authors: Purba Talveen S. , Berriche Leïla , Paus Ralf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman scalp hair follicles (HF) preferentially engage in glycolysis followed by lactate production in the presence of oxygen (i.e. the Warburg effect). Through the spatiotemporally controlled expression of key metabolic proteins, we hypothesise that the Warburg effect and other HF metabolic programmes are compartmentalised by region in order to regulate regional cell fate and phenotypes, such as epithelial stem cell quiescence in the bulge or keratinocyte proliferation in the hair matrix. We further propose that metabolic conditions in the HF are organised in accordance with the lactate shuttle, hypothesised to occur in other tissue systems and tumours, but never before described in the HF. Specifically, we argue that lactate is produced and exported by glycolytic GLUT1+ lower outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. We further propose that lactate is then utilised by neighbouring highly proliferative matrix keratinocytes to fuel oxidative metabolism via MCT1‐mediated uptake. Furthermore, as lactate has been described to be immunomodulatory, its production and accumulation could enhance immune tolerance in the HF bulb. Here we delineate how to experimentally probe this hypothesis, define major open questions and present preliminary immunohistological evidence in support of metabolic compartmentalisation and lactate shuttling. Overall, we argue that basic and translational hair research needs to rediscover the importance of lactate in human HF biology, well beyond its recognised role in murine HF epithelial stem cells, and should explore how HF metabolism can be therapeutically targeted to modulate hair growth and the immunological HF microenvironment as a novel strategy for managing hair loss disorders.
Very high cycle fatigue life and critical defect size: Modeling of statistical size effects
Authors: Paolino Davide S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel statistical approach to model size effects in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) is proposed in the paper. The statistical distributions of the VHCF life and of the size of the defect leading to VHCF failure (critical defect) are identified in the paper through the weakest‐link principle. The statistical distributions are able to account for the stress gradients that are present in a loaded material volume. An efficient procedure for estimating the parameters involved in the statistical distributions is also shown. The proposed statistical models are finally validated through experimental data taken from the literature. The experimental validation proves the fitting capability of the proposed models that outperform the traditional models based on the 90% risk‐volume.
The variations in individual consumption change and the substitution effect under the shock of COVID‐19: Evidence from payment system data in China
Authors: Xu Jie , Gao Ming , Zhang Yina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, scholars have pointed to the significance of the impact of extreme events on consumption, a prominent part of national economies. How does the COVID‐19 epidemic influence consumption? Using high‐frequency payment system panel data, we explicitly consider the individual consumption changes and the substitution effect between online and offline markets of multiple categories by constructing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and conducting regression analyses. The p value and regression coefficients of the substitution elasticity are used to estimate the changes and the substitution effects from the offline to the online channels. The results show that consumption saw a remarkable decline after the surge of COVID‐19 in 2020 compared to 2019. Overall, online markets were more resilient than the offline markets and the substitution effects after the epidemic's outbreak between the online and offline markets were significant for one‐third of the consumption categories. However, the online market could not replace the offline market for some categories due to the product characteristics. The vulnerable industries in the face of the epidemic's intervention are determined as being traditional catering, transportation, tourism, and education, and the shortage of healthcare services in extreme events is also pointed out. The results provide suggestions for policies on targeted enterprises and public service.
Preparation of V doped lanthanum silicate electrolyte ceramics by combustion method and study on conductance mechanism
Authors: Chen Shi , Huang Zhi Liang , Chen Chang Lian , Lu Mian , Wu Chang Sheng , Jiang Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVanadium doped La9.33Si6−xVxO26+0.5x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) (LSVO) electrolyte powder was prepared by combustion method at 600°C for 5‐7 min. The powder was sintered at 1500°C for 3 hours to prepare LSVO ceramics. XPS, IR, XRD, and EIS analysis show that V5+ doping replaces Si4+ in [SiO4] to form [Si(V)O4] tetrahedron. With the increase in x, the lattice volume increase. When x = 2.0, the LaVO4 phase was formed, indicating that the limit doping amount of V5+ replacing Si4+ is x ≤ 1.5. The conductivity of LSVO increases significantly with the increase in x (x ≤ 1.0), which attributed to the defect reaction caused by V5+ doping. The addition of the interstitial oxygen Oi* in 63 channels and the increase of lattice volume leads to increased conductivity. When x = 1.0, the highest conductivity is 1.46 × 10−2 S·cm−1 (800°C). The doping enhancement conductivity mechanism is the Interstitial oxygen defect‐Lattice volume composite enhancement mechanism.
Inferring bubble volume fraction in a glass melt through in situ impedance spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Pereira Luiz , Neyret Muriel , Laplace Annabelle , Pigeonneau Franck , Nuernberg Rafael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the feasibility of inferring the bubble volume fraction (ϕ b) in a melt by employing in situ impedance spectroscopy measurements. This idea stems from the effective medium theory, in which the ionic conductivity of a biphasic material can be determined from the isolated contribution of each constituent phase and their respective volumetric content. Therefore, we investigated the overall electrical conductivity of a borosilicate melt doped with cerium‐IV oxide at a constant temperature (1273 K), in which O2 gas production takes place. To validate the use of this proposed technique, postmortem bubble volume fraction analyses on samples synthesized following the same procedure were conducted by apparent density and impedance spectroscopy measurements at low temperatures (below T g). A comparison of these postmortem and in situ techniques is presented. Despite some discrepancies observed between the bubble volume fractions estimated by these different methods, the main results demonstrate the technical viability of this in situ approach. In situ impedance spectroscopy presents advantages in terms of pre‐synthesis duration and sample preparation, and the information is obtained at high temperatures, eliminating the possible influence of the cooling stage.
Effect of short‐interval rituximab and high‐dose corticosteroids on kidney function in systemic sclerosis: Long‐term experience of a single centre
Authors: Odler Balazs , Hebesberger Carina , Hoeflechner Lukas , Pregartner Gudrun , Gressenberger Paul , Jud Philipp , Zenz Sabine , Eller Kathrin , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Moazedi‐Fuerst Florentine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionScleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a rare but one of the most recognised complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Corticosteroid (CS) use has been considered as a major risk factor for SRC. Several studies reported the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) with an acceptable safety profile in SSc. However, data on the long‐term effect of high‐dose CS concomitant to RTX on kidney function are lacking.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed SSc patients (n = 35) treated with a lower dosage and short‐interval RTX and concomitant high‐dose CS at the Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University of Graz between 2010 and 2019. The kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at every RTX admission. The annual decline of kidney function was evaluated by linear mixed model analysis.ResultsAt the RTX initiation, one patient had a decreased kidney function indicated by eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (median: 96 mL/min/1.73 m2; interquartile range (IQR): 43‐136). Patients received RTX and complementary high‐dose CS for a median follow‐up time of 3.4 years (range 0.6‐9.5). A linear mixed model analysis with the patient as random effect and time from first RTX as fixed effect estimated an annual decline of 1.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 of the eGFR (95% confidence interval: [−2.24, −1.72]; P <.001). During the follow‐up period, no patient experienced SRC or a significant drop in kidney function.ConclusionsA regular, high‐dose CS given contemporary to RTX seems to be a safe option for kidney function in patients with SSc. Our findings provide additional knowledge in risk evaluation and planning of individualised therapies or designing clinical studies using RTX.
Cytoplasmic‐translocated Ku70 senses intracellular DNA and mediates interferon‐lambda1 induction
Authors: Sui Hongyan , Chen Qian , Imamichi Tomozumi 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWe have previously identified that human Ku70, a nuclear protein, serves as a cytosolic DNA sensor. Upon transfection with DNA or infection with DNA virus, Ku70 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and then predominately induces interferon lambda1 (IFN‐λ1) rather than IFN‐alpha or IFN‐beta, through a STING‐dependent signalling pathway. However, a detailed mechanism for Ku70 cytoplasmic translocation and its correlation with IFN‐λ1 induction have not been fully elucidated. Here, we observed that cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 only occurred in DNA‐triggered IFN‐λ1‐inducible cells. Additionally, infection by Herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1), a DNA virus, induces cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 and IFN‐λ1 induction in a strain‐dependent manner: the translocation and IFN‐λ1 induction were detected upon infection by HSV‐1 McKrae, but not MacIntyre, strain. A kinetic analysis indicated that cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 was initiated right after DNA transfection and was peaked at 6 hr after DNA stimulation. Furthermore, treatment with leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, inhibited both Ku70 translocation and IFN‐λ1 induction, suggesting that Ku70 translocation is an essential and early event for its cytosolic DNA sensing. We further confirmed that enhancing the acetylation status of the cells promotes Ku70’s cytoplasmic accumulation, and therefore increases DNA‐mediated IFN‐λ1 induction. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which the versatile sensor detects pathogenic DNA in a localization‐dependent manner.
The role of donor‐unrestricted T‐cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells in anti‐mycobacterial immunity
Authors: Ruibal Paula , Voogd Linda , Joosten Simone A. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVaccination strategies against mycobacteria, focusing mostly on classical T‐ and B‐cells, have shown limited success, encouraging the addition of alternative targets. Classically restricted T‐cells recognize antigens presented via highly polymorphic HLA class Ia and class II molecules, while donor‐unrestricted T‐cells (DURTs), with few exceptions, recognize ligands via genetically conserved antigen presentation molecules. Consequently, DURTs can respond to the same ligands across diverse human populations. DURTs can be activated either through cognate TCR ligation or via bystander cytokine signaling. TCR‐driven antigen‐specific activation of DURTs occurs upon antigen presentation via non‐polymorphic molecules such as HLA‐E, CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin, leading to the activation of HLA‐E–restricted T‐cells, CD1‐restricted T‐cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells (MAITs), and TCRγδ T‐cells, respectively. NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which lack rearranged TCRs, are activated through other receptor‐triggering pathways, or can be engaged through bystander cytokines, produced, for example, by activated antigen‐specific T‐cells or phagocytes. NK cells can also develop trained immune memory and thus could represent cells of interest to mobilize by novel vaccines. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the contributions of DURTs, NK cells, and ILCs in anti–M tuberculosis, M leprae, and non‐tuberculous mycobacterial immunity and explore possible ways in which they could be harnessed through vaccines and immunotherapies to improve protection against Mtb.
Mechanisms of power inscription intoITgovernance: Lessons from two national digital identity systems
Authors: Medaglia Rony , Eaton Ben , Hedman Jonas , Whitley Edgar A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstablishing IT governance arrangements is a deeply political process, where relationships of power play a crucial role. While the importance of power relationships is widely acknowledged in IS literature, specific mechanisms whereby the consequences of power relationships affect IT governance arrangements are still under‐researched. This study investigates the way power relationships are inscribed in the governance of digital identity systems in Denmark and the United Kingdom, where public and private actors are involved. Drawing on the theoretical lens of circuits of power, we contribute to research on the role of power in IT governance by identifying two distinct mechanisms of power inscription into IT governance: power cultivation and power limitation.
Microneedling in the treatment of atrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Sirait Sondang Aemilia Pandjaitan , Suryanegara Jose 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo date, treatment of atrophic acne scars remains a therapeutic challenge for dermatologists, yet there is no standard option on the most effective treatment. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive technology that involves repetitive skin puncture using sterile microneedles to disrupt dermal collagen that connects the scar tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated the potency of MN, such as dermaroller and fractionated microneedle radiofrequency, in the treatment of atrophic scars. The objective of this review is to evaluate systematically the current literature on MN for atrophic acne scars. A systematic search of literature was performed from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar databases for articles published during the last 20 years. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with full‐text version of the manuscript available were included in our study. Nine RCTs were included in this review. All treatment modalities demonstrated consistent results that MN was efficacious in treating atrophic acne scars as a monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. Moreover, no serious adverse effects were reported in all studies after MN treatment. MN is a well‐tolerated and effective therapeutic modality in treating atrophic acne scars. Further research is required to validate the efficacy of MN with a larger sample size and lengthy follow‐up.