bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for lotic macrosystem research
Authors: Thorp James H. , Dodds Walter K. , Robbins Caleb J. , Maasri Alain , Arsenault Emily R. , Lutchen Jackob A. , Tromboni Flavia , Hayford Barbara , Pyron Mark , Mathews Gregory S. , Schechner Anne , Chandra Sudeep 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe analyze here the nature of research in freshwater macrosystem biology (especially lotic studies) from both conceptual and current research perspectives. The boundaries of permanent and transitional lotic macrosystems from the smallest to largest spatial extents are described. We contrast ecosystem vs. macrosystem research and macroecology vs. macrosystems ecology and provide some examples of representative aquatic macrosystems ecology projects in the USA. We recommend approaches for incorporating certain large‐scale lotic concepts developed over the last 40 yr as the bases for lotic macrosystem studies. Of these, the three most appropriate in chronological order are the River Continuum Concept, the Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis, and the Stream Biome Gradient Concept. Four other concepts would be suitable for testing macrosystem hypotheses after incorporating small to large conceptual or geographic expansions of the models. We suggest future research directions in lotic macrosystem research in areas of climate change and teleconnections among distant organisms and systems and include general recommendations for conducting macrosystem‐level research.
Doxorubicin‐induced and trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity in mice is not prevented by metoprolol
Authors: Nicol Martin , Sadoune Malha , Polidano Evelyne , Launay Jean Marie , Samuel Jane Lise , Azibani Feriel , Cohen‐Solal Alain 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsOur objectives were to validate a murine model of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin (Dox) and Trastuzumab (Trast) and to test the potential cardio‐protective effect of metoprolol.Methods and resultsMale C57Bl6 mice were intraperitoneally injected during 2 weeks with Dox (24 mg/kg) or saline, and then with Trast (10 mg/kg) or saline for two more weeks. Half of the mice received metoprolol (100 mg/kg). Cardiotoxicity was defined by a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10 points. At Day 42, Dox + Trast‐treated mice exhibited a 13‐points decline in LVEF (74 ± 2.6% vs. 87 ± 0.8% for control mice, P < 0.001) and a severe cardiac atrophy (heart weight: 105 ± 2.7 mg vs. 119 ± 3.9 mg for control mice, P < 0.01). This cardiac atrophy resulted from an excess of cardiac necrosis (assessed by plasma cardiac troponin I level: 3.2 ± 0.4 ng/L vs. 1.3 ± 0.06 ng/L for control mice, P < 0.01), an increase in apoptosis (caspase 3 activity showing a six‐fold increase for Dox + Trast‐treated mice vs. controls, P < 0.001), and cardiomyocyte atrophy (myocyte size: 0.67 ± 0.08 μm2 vs. 1.36 ± 0.10 μm2 for control mice, P < 0.001). In addition, Dox + Trast‐treated mice were shown to have an increased cardiac oxidative stress (164 ± 14 dihydroethidine‐marked nuclei per area vs. 56 ± 9.5 for control mice, P < 0.01) and increased cardiac fibrosis (the semi‐quantitative fibrosis score was three‐fold higher for Dox + Trast‐treated mice as compared with controls, P < 0.01). Metoprolol was not able to prevent either the decrease in LVEF or the severe cardiac atrophy, the cardiac necrosis, and the cardiac remodelling induced by chemotherapies.ConclusionA murine model of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by Dox and Trast was characterized by a decrease in cardiac function, a cardiac apoptosis and necrosis leading to cardiomyocyte atrophy. Metoprolol did not prevent this cardiotoxicity.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from pathophysiology to practical issues
Authors: Itier Romain , Guillaume Maeva , Ricci Jean‐Etienne , Roubille François , Delarche Nicolas , Picard François , Galinier Michel , Roncalli Jérôme 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in heart failure (HF) preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients could reach 50%. Therefore, NAFLD is considered an emerging risk factor. In 20% of NAFLD patients, the condition progresses to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the aggressive form of NAFLD characterized by the development of fibrosis in the liver, leading to cirrhosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the relationships between NAFLD and HFpEF and to discuss its impact in clinical setting. Based on international reports published during the past decade, there is growing evidence that NAFLD is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including impaired cardiac structure and function, arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and early carotid atherosclerosis. NAFLD and HFpEF share common risk factors, co‐morbidities, and cardiac outcomes, in favour of a pathophysiological continuum. Currently, NAFLD and NASH are principally managed with non‐specific therapies targeting insulin resistance like sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and liraglutide, which can effectively treat hepatic and cardiac issues. Studies including HFpEF patients are ongoing. Several specific NAFLD‐oriented therapies are currently being developed either alone or as combinations. NAFLD diagnosis is based on a chronic elevation of liver enzymes in a context of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, with fibrosis scores being available for clinical practice. In conclusion, identifying HF patients at risk of NAFLD is a critically important issue. As soon as NAFLD is confirmed and its severity determined, patients should be proposed a management focused on symptoms and co‐morbidities.
Monoprotected Diamines Derived from 1,5‐Disubstituted (Aza)spiro[2.3]hexane Scaffolds
Authors: Malashchuk Andrii , Chernykh Anton V. , Perebyinis Mariana Y. , Komarov Igor V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSynthesis of monoprotected diamines derived from 1,5‐disubstituted spiro[2.3]hexane and 5‐azaspiro[2.3]hexane scaffolds is described. In both cases, the method relied on the cyclopropanation of the corresponding cyclobutane or azetidine derivatives. In the case of monoprotected 1,5‐diaminospiro[2.3]hexanes, the title products were obtained as single diastereomers. X‐Ray diffraction studies supported by exit vector plot (EVP) analysis showed that the obtained building blocks are promising piperidine/cycloalkane isosteres with potential utility to drug discovery. Also, conformations observed in the crystalline state for the two different diastereomers of 1,5‐diaminospiro[2.3]hexane derivatives prompt their application in design of β‐turn and sheet‐like peptidomimetics, respectively.
Synthesis of Azepino[1,2‐a]indole‐10‐amines via [6+1] Annulation of Ynenitriles with Reformatsky Reagent
Authors: Iioka Ryoya , Yorozu Kohei , Sakai Yoko , Kawai Rika , Hatae Noriyuki , Takashima Katsuki , Tanabe Genzoh , Wasada Hiroaki , Yoshimatsu Mitsuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLewis acid‐catalyzed [6+1] annulation reactions of 2‐cyano‐1‐propargyl‐ and 2‐alkynyl‐1‐cyanomethyl‐indoles with Reformatsky reagent are described. 8‐Aryl, 8‐alkyl‐, 8‐hetaryl‐, 9‐aryl, and 9‐alkyl‐azepino[1,2‐a]indole amines were obtained through a 7‐endo‐mode cyclization of the β‐aminoacrylate intermediates. The antiproliferative activity of the azepino[1,2‐a]indoles analogs against the HCT‐116 cells were also examined.
Testing the basic socio‐structural assumptions of social identity theory in the gender context: Evidence from correlational studies on women's leadership
Authors: Scheifele Carolin , Ehrke Franziska , Viladot Maria A. , Van Laar Colette , Steffens Melanie C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGiven negative social identity, different perceptions of the structure of an intergroup relation (i.e., stability, legitimacy, permeability) should be related to different identity‐management strategies (i.e., social competition, social creativity, or individual mobility) depending on group identification. This is among the basic tenets of social identity theory (SIT). There is surprisingly little empirical support for these postulates in the context of one of the most central group identities: gender. Using a sample of female leaders in Spain in a Pilot Study (N = 649) and in Germany in the preregistered Main Study (N = 687), we tested relations between structural perceptions and identity‐management strategies. Whereas structural equation modeling yielded empirical support regarding social competition but little for other strategies in the Pilot Study, the results were even less in line with SIT's predictions in the Main Study. We discuss reasons why only weak support for SIT emerged in this intergroup context.
Novel Three‐dimensional Sensor for Rapid Detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in Edible Mushrooms
Authors: Yin Jiaqi , Chu Guanglei , Wang Yue , Zhai Hongguo , Wang Bao , Sun Xia , Guo Yemin , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA sensing platform was developed based on the molybdenum disulfide‐reduced graphene oxide (MoS2‐RGO). The flower‐like MoS2‐RGO nanocomposite had a large number of active sites such as oxygen‐containing groups and highly reactive sulfur that contributed to the adsorption and preconcentration of heavy metal ions (HMIs). MoS2‐RGO was synthesized by one‐step reduction method. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for Pb(II) and Cd(II) was 0.13 μg/L and 0.59 μg/L with a linear range of 4.1–207.2 μg/L and 2.2–112.4 μg/L, respectively. The modified sensors had been successfully applied to detect Pb(II) and Cd(II) in three kinds of edible mushrooms.
An appraisal of experimental designs: Application to enantioselective capillary electromigration techniques
Authors: Perovani Icaro Salgado , Serpellone Carolina Oliveira , de Oliveira Anderson Rodrigo Moraes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnantioresolution processes are vital tools for investigating the enantioselectivities of chiral compounds. An analyst resolves to optimize enantioresolution conditions once they are determined. Generally, optimization is conducted by a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) approach. Although this approach may determine an adequate condition for the method, it does not often allow the estimation of the real optimum condition. Experimental designs are conducive for the optimization of enantioresolution methods via capillary electromigration techniques (CETs). They can efficiently extract information from the behavior of a method and enable the estimation of the real optimum condition. Furthermore, the application of the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach to the development of CET‐based enantioselective methods is a trend. This article (i) offers an overview of the application of experimental designs to the development of enantioselective methods from 2015 to mid‐2020, (ii) reveals the experimental designs that are presently employed in CET‐based enantioresolutions, and (iii) offers a critical point of view on how the different experimental designs can aid the optimization of enantioresolution processes by considering the method parameters.
Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in sugarcane molasses preceding nitrogen starvation: Biomass productivity, lipid content, and fatty acid analyses
Authors: Laraib Natasha , Manzoor Maleeha , Javid Arshad , Jabeen Faiza , Bukhari Syed Mohsin , Ali Waqas , Hussain Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a precharacterized oleaginous microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris) was exploited for its biomass productivity, lipid yield, and fatty acid analysis under mixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. For the purpose, the microalgal biomass was raised mixotrophically as well photoautotrophically. For mixotrophic cultivation, molasses was used as additional source of carbon and energy, while for photoautotrophic cultivation, atmospheric CO2 was the sole source of carbon and energy. The microalgal biomass raised thus was then harvested following 5 days of nitrogen starvation. Mixotrophic cultivation depicted remarkably higher biomass productivity (137.43 ± 13.3 mg L−1 day−1) than that of photoautotrophic cultivation (91.57 ± 7.9 mg L−1 day−1). About 39% (w/w) of total lipid content was obtained from the dried biomass raised mixotrophically. Lipidomic analysis of the extracted oil depicted higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acids). The significant availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (60 mg g−1 of dried algal biomass) ensured the production of high quality biofuel.
Benthic species as mud patrol ‐ modelled effects of bioturbators and biofilms on large‐scale estuarine mud and morphology
Authors: Brückner Muriel Z.M. , Schwarz Christian , Coco Giovanni , Baar Anne , Boechat Albernaz Márcio , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: February 2021

SummarySediment‐stabilizing and ‐destabilizing organisms, i.e. microphytobenthos (biofilms) and macrozoobenthos (bioturbators), affect the erodibility of muddy sediments, potentially altering large‐scale estuarine morphology. Using a novel eco‐morphodynamic model of an idealized estuary, we investigate eco‐engineering effects of microphytobenthos and two macrozoobenthic bioturbators. Local mud erodibility is based on species pattern predicted through hydrodynamics, soil mud content, competition and grazing.Mud resuspension and export is enhanced under bioturbation and prevented under biostabilization through respective exposure and protection of the supra‐ and intertidal. Bioturbation decreases mud thickness and bed elevations, which increases net mud fluxes. Microphytobenthos reduces erosion, leading to a local mud increase of intertidal sediments.In multi‐species scenarios, an effective mud‐prone bioturbator strongly alters morphology, exceeding that of a more abundant sand‐prone moderate species, showing that morphological change depends on species traits as opposed to abundance. Altering their habitat, the effective mud‐prone bioturbator facilitates expansion of the sand‐prone moderate bioturbator. Grazing and species competition favor species distributions of dominant bioturbators. Consequently, eco‐engineering affects habitat conditions while species interactions determine species dominance.Our results show that eco‐engineering species determine the mud content of the estuary, which suggests large effects on the morphology of estuaries with aggravating habitat degradation.
Paleoseismology of the 2016 MW 6.1 Petermann earthquake source: Implications for intraplate earthquake behaviour and the geomorphic longevity of bedrock fault scarps in a low strain‐rate cratonic region
Authors: King Tamarah Rosellen , Quigley Mark , Clark Dan , Zondervan Albert , May Jan‐Hendrik , Alimanovic Abaz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 20 May 2016 MW 6.1 Petermann earthquake in central Australia generated a 21 km surface rupture with 0.1 to 1 m vertical displacements across a low‐relief landscape. No paleo‐scarps or potentially analogous topographic features are evident in pre‐earthquake Worldview‐1 and Worldview‐2 satellite data. Two excavations across the surface rupture expose near‐surface fault geometry and mixed aeolian‐sheetwash sediment faulted only in the 2016 earthquake. A 10.6 ± 0.4 ka optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age of sheetwash sediment provides a minimum estimate for the period of quiescence prior to 2016 rupture. Seven cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be) bedrock erosion rates are derived for samples < 5 km distance from the surface rupture on the hanging‐wall and foot‐wall, and three from samples 19 to 50 km from the surface rupture. No distinction is found between fault proximal rates (1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.6 ± 0.2 m Myr−1) and distal samples (1.4 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 m Myr−1). The thickness of rock fragments (2–5 cm) coseismically displaced in the Petermann earthquake perturbs the steady‐state bedrock erosion rate by only 1 to 3%, less than the erosion rate uncertainty estimated for each sample (7–12%). Using 10Be erosion rates and scarp height measurements we estimate approximately 0.5 to 1 Myr of differential erosion is required to return to pre‐earthquake topography. By inference any pre‐2016 fault‐related topography likely required a similar time for removal. We conclude that the Petermann earthquake was the first on this fault in the last ca. 0.5–1 Myr. Extrapolating single nuclide erosion rates across this timescale introduces large uncertainties, and we cannot resolve whether 2016 represents the first ever surface rupture on this fault, or a > 1 Myr interseismic period. Either option reinforces the importance of including distributed earthquake sources in fault displacement and seismic hazard analyses.
Agricultural commodity price dynamics and their determinants: A comprehensive econometric approach
Authors: Crespo Cuaresma Jesus , Hlouskova Jaroslava , Obersteiner Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a comprehensive modelling framework aimed at quantifying the response of agricultural commodity prices to changes in their potential determinants. The problem of model uncertainty is assessed explicitly by concentrating on specification selection based on the quality of short‐term out‐of‐sample forecasts (1 to 12 months ahead) for the price of wheat, soybeans and corn. Univariate and multivariate autoregressive models (autoregressive [AR], vector autoregressive [VAR] and vector error correction [VEC] specifications, estimated using frequentist and Bayesian methods), specifications with heteroskedastic errors (AR conditional heteroskedastic [ARCH] and generalized AR conditional heteroskedastic [GARCH] models) and combinations of these are entertained, including information about market fundamentals, macroeconomic and financial developments, and climatic variables. In addition, we assess potential non‐linearities in the commodity price dynamics along the business cycle. Our results indicate that variables measuring market fundamentals and macroeconomic developments (and, to a lesser extent, financial developments) contain systematic predictive information for out‐of‐sample forecasting of commodity prices and that agricultural commodity prices react robustly to shocks in international competitiveness, as measured by changes in the real exchange rate.
A literature survey of matrix methods for data science
Authors: Stoll Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEfficient numerical linear algebra is a core ingredient in many applications across almost all scientific and industrial disciplines. With this survey we want to illustrate that numerical linear algebra has played and is playing a crucial role in enabling and improving data science computations with many new developments being fueled by the availability of data and computing resources. We highlight the role of various different factorizations and the power of changing the representation of the data as well as discussing topics such as randomized algorithms, functions of matrices, and high‐dimensional problems. We briefly touch upon the role of techniques from numerical linear algebra used within deep learning.
Feasibility study of CO2/N2 separation intensification on supported ionic liquid membranes by commonly used impregnation methods
Authors: Ziobrowski Zenon , Rotkegel Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work presents the experimental research on feasible intensification of CO2/N2 separation by utilization of the developed supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). SILMs were developed through specific impregnation of commercially available ceramic microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes made by INOPOR and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes made by Pervatech BV with chosen imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs). The effects of operating parameters, impregnation method, and SILM thickness were analyzed.The impregnation was performed by coating and soaking methods at normal pressure and under vacuum. The proper impregnation of the ceramic support, especially in case of commercial PDMS membranes, allows to achieve two distinct, stable, highly selective separation layers. The comparison of separation efficiency of the investigated SILMs shows that SILM based on PDMS membrane prepared by coating with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) has very good stability, high CO2/N2 ideal separation factor of 152 and permeability of 2400 barrer. It was found that optimum operating conditions were feed temperature of 20°C and pressure below 200 kPa.The obtained results represent an interesting low cost alternative in the gas separation, especially when the choice of selectivity is the first priority. The comparison with literature data and upper bond Robeson correlation (2008) suggests, that applying an additional active separating IL layer and an appropriate impregnating method to the commercial ceramic membranes may result in significant improvement of separation efficiency. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated carbon‐based composites for capturing CO2: a review
Authors: Wang Junya , Pu Qiuyun , Ning Ping , Lu Shijian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractActivated carbon is widely regarded as a potential CO2 adsorbent because of its special texture. Activated carbon captures CO2 mainly through physical adsorption due to the characteristics of surface structure and pore structure, which makes the adsorbent sensitive to temperature and relatively low in selectivity. In order to solve these problems, much effort has been made in new developments, including synthesis activated carbon‐based composites, which can not only improve its CO2 capture capacity and stability, but also improve its selectivity. This paper reviews the recent research focused on the activated carbon‐based composites using in postcombustion CO2 capture. The status and development of activated carbon‐based composites are presented in four parts as activated carbon/metal composite, activated carbon/zeolite composite, activated carbon/metal organic framework composite, and activated carbon/carbon material composite. The details of synthesis method, synthesis condition, modification method, and CO2 adsorption performance are introduced. Simultaneously, the characteristics, advantages, and potential challenges of the composites are also summarized. This work will provide important parameters in the applications of activated carbon‐based adsorbents for postcombustion CO2 capture and give suggestions on future research efforts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on in situ dissociation kinetics of CO2 hydrate in pure water and water/sediments systems
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Airong , Liu Faping , Luo Zedong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, hydrate technology as a newly emerging field has been attracting more and more attention. To support its potential applications, the dissociation behaviors and kinetics of CO2 hydrate in pure water and water/sediments systems at specified temperatures were studied experimentally by depressurization method. This work reveals two novel aspects of CO2 hydrate dissociation. Firstly, it is remarkable that the dissociation rate of CO2 hydrate in water/sediments is faster than that of CO2 hydrate in pure water, which has not been conscious previously. Secondly, a pseudo first‐order kinetic equation including the kinetic constant and activation energy was formulated to describe the dissociation process. Temperature plays an important role and the dissociation rate constant () and activation energy () were obtained through the dissociation experiments at different temperatures. For CO2 hydrate in pure water, the dissociation rate constant increased from 0.02 to 0.13 mol/(dm2⋅MPa⋅min) at the temperature from 273.86 to 276.11 K, and the activation energy was 469.06 kJ mol−1. For CO2 hydrate in water/sediments, the dissociation rate constant was from 0.03 to 0.15 mol/(dm2⋅MPa⋅min) at the temperature ranging from 273.45 to 276.11 K, and the activation energy was 346.30 kJ mol−1. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.