bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde balloon aortic valvuloplasty with the newly invented Inoue balloon for aortic stenosis accompanied by severe heart failure: A case report
Authors: Ishizu Kenichi , Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRetrograde balloon aortic valvuloplasty using the newly invented Inoue balloon was one of the feasible and safe therapeutic options in a hemodynamically unstable patient having aortic stenosis with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction complicated with bacterial infection.
Composition/Performance Evaluation of Lean NOx Trap Catalysts for Coupling with SCR Technology
Authors: Schönebaum Simon , Dornseiffer Jürgen , Mauermann Peter , Wolkenar Bernd , Sterlepper Stefan , Wessel Egbert , Iskandar Riza , Mayer Joachim , Weirich Thomas E. , Pischinger Stefan , Guillon Olivier , Simon Ulrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe washcoat composition and the catalytic properties of two commercially available lean NOx traps (LNTs) were investigated. Both catalysts contained nominally the same NOx storage and catalytic materials but differed strongly in their amount and activity as well as in the composition of their layered washcoat architecture. In lean‐rich cycle experiments under realistic engine‐out gas compositions using a laboratory gas test bench, the LNTs showed comparable NOx storage behavior. At temperatures below 250 °C, the lean phase durations last up to 300 s until 50 % of the NOx storage capacity is reached. The simultaneously calculated NOx storage efficiencies drop rapidly below 35 %, resulting in a high NOx slip. Strong variations were observed in N2O and NH3 selectivity and in CO slip during regeneration of both LNTs caused by the different oxygen storage capacity (OSC), water gas shift (WGS) activity and rhodium distribution in the catalytic layers. Based on the obtained results, proposals were made to optimize the storage and regeneration performance, leading to highly efficient LNT catalysts for coupling with a downstream SCR catalyst.
Wasserstofftransport in Erdgaspipelines
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Henschel Carsten , Füssl Andreas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWasserstoff wird häufig als Energieträger der Zukunft gesehen. Er lässt sich aber nur schwer speichern und transportieren. Die Herstellung direkt am Ort des Bedarfs erscheint deshalb sinnvoll. Für Kleinabnehmer werden dafür sowohl Wasser‐Elektrolyseure als auch Mini‐Steam‐Methan‐Reformer‐Anlagen angeboten. Diese Technologien müssen sich aber in Konkurrenz zur Flaschenanlieferung von Wasserstoff per LKW behaupten, der in einer zentralen Großanlage kostengünstig hergestellt wird. Die elektrochemische Wasserstoff‐Abtrennungstechnologie bietet eine weitere Möglichkeit der dezentralen Wasserstoffversorgung, und zwar dann, wenn in Erdgaspipelines regenerativ erzeugter Wasserstoff eingespeist wird. In diesem Beitrag werden am Beispiel einer Wasserstofftankstelle mit einem Tagesbedarf von 1 t H2 verschiedene Varianten zum Wasserstofftransport diskutiert und bezüglich der Produktkosten und des Carbon Footprint miteinander verglichen.
Monomer transport in emulsion polymerization
Authors: Schork F. Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simple mathematical model of the transport of monomer from the monomer droplets to the polymerizing polymer particles during emulsion polymerization is developed. A Damkohler number for monomer transport in emulsion polymerization is proposed as the ratio of the maximum rate of polymerization (propagation) divided by the maximum rate of monomer transport out of the monomer droplets. This Damkohler number is calculated from literature values for a number of common monomers. Following standard practise for the use of such a Damkohler number in other reaction‐with‐transport systems, monomers with a Damkohler number above 0.1 are considered to be transport limited. Results of these calculations indicate that, while most monomers are not monomer transport limited, the higher molecular weight acrylates and methacrylates are.
Categorizing color shifts due to tinted glazing via dominant colors of the scene
Authors: Raza Aiman , Jost Sophie , Dubail Marie , Dumortier Dominique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTinted films and glazing application on windows reduce glare but can sometime induce color shifts, which needs to be characterized by fast and reliable means. We propose a color graphic that uses the dominant colors of the image seen through the tinted film and compares it to the dominant colors of the original unfiltered image. An image segmentation algorithm applied on a Gaussian blurred image segments the whole scene into six clusters. The median RGB values of the six clusters provide the six dominant colors, which were validated through the means of a psycho‐visual experiment. This difference in the dominant colors of the original and the tinted scene is visualized through a color vector connecting the two colors on the CIELAB'sa*b* color plane. This color graphic was directly applied to a glazing application and the predictions of the color graphic visually matched the actual rendition of the glazing. This color graphic provides a clear and concise information about the color shifts that can be directly applied in building and lighting industry to study final renditions of lighting and interior glazing applications. The graphic is especially useful for highly chromatic glazing, which cannot always be characterized by traditional color rendering, because they are too distant from the Planckian/black body curve.
Safety of a Novel Weight Loss Combination Product Containing Orlistat and Acarbose
Authors: Grudén Stefan , Forslund Anders , Alderborn Göran , Söderhäll Arvid , Hellström Per M. , Holmbäck Ulf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe safety of a novel modified‐release oral capsule with orlistat and acarbose (MR‐OA) was investigated in 67 obese middle‐aged White men with a body mass index of 32 to 40 kg/m2 or 30 to 32 kg/m2 plus waist circumference >102 cm. The purpose of this investigation was to compare MR‐OA with the existing conventional orlistat regarding systemic safety defined as plasma orlistat concentration at the end of the treatment period of 14 days. Participants took the MR‐OA fixed‐dose combination formulation 3 times a day together with a major meal. Three different doses of MR‐OA were evaluated—60/20, 90/30, and 120/40 (mg orlistat/mg acarbose)—as well as 1 reference group who received the conventional orlistat, Xenical, with 120 mg of orlistat. Blood plasma was sampled on days 1 and 14. The orlistat plasma concentrations of the MR‐OA dose showed a delayed absorption and were lower compared with conventional orlistat at the end of the study. All doses were safe and well tolerated without any unexpected adverse events and no serious adverse events. The delay in the rise of orlistat plasma concentration indicates that the modified‐release properties of the MR‐OA formulation are effective. The systemic exposure of orlistat resulting from MR‐OA was similar, albeit a bit lower than the conventional orlistat with 120 mg of orlistat. We can therefore assume that the safety profile regarding the orlistat moiety of MR‐OA is comparable to the conventional orlistat and a promising approach for weight control in obese patients. Further clinical evaluation is underway.
Using Galaxy to Perform Large‐Scale Interactive Data Analyses—An Update
Authors: Ostrovsky Alexander , Hillman‐Jackson Jennifer , Bouvier Dave , Clements Dave , Afgan Enis , Blankenberg Daniel , Schatz Michael C. , Nekrutenko Anton , Taylor James , Team the Galaxy , Lariviere Delphine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModern biology continues to become increasingly computational. Datasets are becoming progressively larger, more complex, and more abundant. The computational savviness necessary to analyze these data creates an ongoing obstacle for experimental biologists. Galaxy (galaxyproject.org) provides access to computational biology tools in a web‐based interface. It also provides access to major public biological data repositories, allowing private data to be combined with public datasets. Galaxy is hosted on high‐capacity servers worldwide and is accessible for free, with an option to be installed locally. This article demonstrates how to employ Galaxy to perform biologically relevant analyses on publicly available datasets. These protocols use both standard and custom tools, serving as a tutorial and jumping‐off point for more intensive and/or more specific analyses using Galaxy. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Finding human coding exons with highest SNP densityBasic Protocol 2: Calling peaks for ChIP‐seq dataBasic Protocol 3: Compare datasets using genomic coordinatesBasic Protocol 4: Working with multiple alignmentsBasic Protocol 5: Single cell RNA‐seq
Theoretical Study on the Effect of Solvent Behavior on Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)/1,4,7,10,13,16‐Hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18‐Crown‐6) Cocrystal Growth Morphology at Different Temperatures
Authors: Xie Hong , Gou Rui‐jun , Zhang Shu‐hai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cocrystal of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)/1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18‐Crown‐6) has effectively reduced the hygroscopicity of ADN. In order to understand the effect of solvent on the crystal growth, the interfacial models of ADN/18‐Crown‐6–ethanol are built and simulated by the molecular dynamics (MD) method at different temperatures (293–323 K, 10 K intervals). The energy, mass density, radial distribution function, and diffusion capacity of solvent are analyzed. The modified attachment energy (MAE) model is employed to study the solvent effect on cocrystal morphology. Results of MD simulation show that ADN/18‐Crown‐6 cocrystal has four important growth surfaces in vacuum, i.e., (2 0 0), (0 0 2), (1 1 0), and (2 0 −2). The binding energy of cocrystal and the absorbed energy of cocrystal–solvent are larger at 293 K than other temperatures. Hydrogen bonding interactions are formed between ADN/18‐Crown‐6 and solvent. More ethanol molecules adsorb on the crystal surface at lower temperatures, and hence the interaction between cocrystal and solvent is stronger. The morphology of ADN/18‐Crown‐6 cocrystal is different at various temperatures. The predicted morphology at 303 K is consistent with experimental shape. Moreover, cocrystal morphology at 293 K is a sphere‐like shape, which may reduce the hygroscopicity of ADN/18‐Crown‐6 cocrystal.
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Furanic Derivatives with Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Chen Binglin , Peng Zhiqing , Li Chuang , Feng Yunchao , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiomass is the only renewable organic carbon resource in nature, and the transformation of abundant biomass into various chemicals has received immense spotlight. As a novel generation of designer solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used in biorefinery due to their excellent properties including low cost, easy preparation, and biodegradability. Although there have been some reports summarizing the performance of DESs for the transformation of biomass into various chemicals, few Reviews illuminate the relationship between the functional structure of DESs and catalytic conversion of biomass. Hence, this Minireview comprehensively summarizes the effects of the types of functional groups in DESs on catalytic conversion of biomass into furanic derivatives, such as carboxylic acid‐based hydrogen‐bond donors (HBDs), carbohydrate‐based HBDs, polyalcohol‐based HBDs, amine/amide‐based HBDs, spatial structure of HBDs, and various hydrogen‐bond acceptors (HBAs). It also further summarizes the effects of adding different additives into the DESs on the synthesis of high value‐added chemicals, including water, liquid inorganic acids, Lewis acids, heteropoly acids, and typical solid acids. Moreover, current challenges and prospects for the application of DESs in biomass conversion are provided.
Vitamin D3 ameliorates nitrogen mustard‐induced cutaneous inflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome through the SIRT3–SOD2–mtROS signaling pathway
Authors: Dong Xunhu , He Ying , Ye Feng , Zhao Yuanpeng , Cheng Jin , Xiao Jingsong , Yu Wenpei , Zhao Jiqing , Sai Yan , Dan Guorong , Chen Mingliang , Zou Zhongmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with an obvious inflammatory response, which is lack of effective and targeted therapies. Vitamin D3 (VD3) has excellent anti‐inflammatory properties and is considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of NM‐induced dermal toxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2; a widely used marker of skin inflammation) plays a key role in NM‐induced cutaneous inflammation. Herein, we initially confirmed that NM markedly promoted COX2 expression in vitro and in vivo. NM also increased NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) expression, caspase‐1 activity, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) release. Notably, treatment with a caspase‐1 inhibitor (zYVAD‐fmk), NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), and NLRP3 or caspase‐1 siRNA attenuated NM‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with subsequent suppression of COX2 expression and IL‐1β release in keratinocytes. Meanwhile, NM increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activities. Mito‐TEMPO (a mtROS scavenger) ameliorated NM‐caused NLRP3 inflammasome activation in keratinocytes. Moreover, VD3 improved SIRT3 and SOD2 activities, decreased mtROS contents, inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and attenuated cutaneous inflammation induced by NM in vitro and in vivo. The beneficial activity of VD3 against NM‐triggered cutaneous inflammation was enhanced by the inhibitors of IL‐1, mtROS, NLRP3, caspase‐1, and NLRP3 or caspase‐1 siRNAs, which was abolished in SIRT3 inhibitor or SIRT3 siRNA‐treated keratinocytes and skins from SIRT3−/− mice. In conclusion, VD3 ameliorated NM‐induced cutaneous inflammation by inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was partially mediated through the SIRT3–SOD2–mtROS signaling pathway.
Epigenome screening highlights that JMJD6 confers an epigenetic vulnerability and mediates sunitinib sensitivity in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chuanjie , Lu Xuan , Huang Jingyi , He Hongchao , Chen Li , Liu Yihan , Wang Haofei , Xu Yang , Xing Siwei , Ruan Xiaohao , Yang Xiaoqun , Chen Lu , Xu Danfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAberrant epigenetic reprogramming represents a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumorigenesis and progression. Whether there existed other epigenetic vulnerabilities that could serve as therapeutic targets remained unclear and promising. Here, we combined the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats functional screening results and multiple RCC datasets to identify JMJD6 as the potent target in RCC. JMJD6 expression correlated with poor survival outcomes of RCC patients and promoted RCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, aberrant p300 led to high JMJD6 expression, which activated a series of oncogenic crosstalk. Particularly, high‐throughput sequencing data revealed that JMJD6 could assemble super‐enhancers to drive a list of identity genes in kidney cancer, including VEGFA, β‐catenin, and SRC. Moreover, this JMJD6‐mediated oncogenic effect could be suppressed by a novel JMJD6 inhibitor (SKLB325), which was further demonstrated in RCC cells, patient‐derived organoid models, and in vivo. Given the probable overlapped crosstalk between JMJD6 signature and tyrosine kinase inhibitors downstream targets, targeting JMJD6 sensitized RCC to sunitinib and was synergistic when they were combined together. Collectively, this study indicated that targeting JMJD6 was an effective approach to treat RCC patients.
Cyclosporine modulates neutrophil functions via the SIRT6–HIF‐1α–glycolysis axis to alleviate severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lu Huiying , Lin Jian , Xu Chunjin , Sun Mingming , Zuo Keqiang , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Mingsong , Huang Hailiang , Li Zhong , Wu Wei , Feng Baisui , Liu Zhanju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCyclosporine A (CsA) is routinely used to treat patients with steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). Here, we studied the underlying mechanisms of CsA‐mediated alleviation in ASUC patients.MethodsNeutrophil functions including expression of cytokines, apoptosis, and migration were measured by qRT‐PCR, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay. Dynamic changes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were measured by a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Gene differences were determined and verified by RNA sequencing, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Small interfering RNA and inhibitors were used to knock down Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in HL‐60 cells and block expression of SIRT6, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4) in neutrophils.ResultsWe found that HIF‐1α expression and glycolysis significantly increased, while the release of IL‐8, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the apoptosis, and ability of migration markedly decreased in neutrophils of ASUC patients who responded to CsA (Response group) compared with those who did not respond to CsA (Nonresponse group). We also observed that CsA‐induced functional alternation of neutrophils was initiated through suppressing SIRT6 expression, which is responsible for expression of the downstream signaling molecules (e.g., HIF‐1α, PFKFB3) and PDK4 ubiquitination, leading to fueling neutrophil glycolysis and TCA cycle. Furthermore, blockage of SIRT6 signaling demonstrated to be the same functional changes as CsA to decrease the migration of neutrophils.ConclusionsThe data reveal a novel mechanism of CsA in alleviating ASUC by promoting neutrophil HIF‐1α expression and restricting excessive neutrophil activation in a SIRT6−HIF‐1α−glycolysis axis, suggesting SIRT6 as a candidate target for maintaining mucosal homeostasis and treating intestinal inflammation.
Hybrid anti‐jamming algorithm for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System receivers using variational mode decomposition and wavelet packet transform
Authors: Silva Lorraine Kambham Jacob , Ramarakula Madhu 
Published: February 2021

SummaryContinuous wave interference has found to be one of the major menaces that deter the performance of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) receivers for seamless positioning and navigation. In this paper, a novel hybrid jamming mitigation method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and wavelet packet transform (WPT) has been proposed. VMD is used to decompose the received signal into various components referred to as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). To have an optimum decomposition of the signal, the mode decomposition number of VMD is determined by employing the kurtosis principle. Then, a threshold based on the mutual information index is constructed to differentiate the information dominant and interference dominant modes. The information dominant modes are then processed by the wavelet packet filter to eliminate the remaining effects of jamming and noise present. Finally, the filtered modes and the retained modes are used to reconstruct the desired signal. The performance of the technique is analyzed in the presence of single‐tone, multitone, and chirp jamming scenarios with different levels of jamming power. The proposed method has been tested by simulations in comparison with the standard algorithms. Results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms the standard algorithms in reducing the jamming signal effectively.
Versuche am Bau mit Injektionsankern im Mauerwerk nach Technischer Regel des DIBt
Authors: Scheller Eckehard , Küenzlen Jürgen H. R. , Kuhn Thomas , Becker Rainer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAuf Baustellen trifft man auf eine Vielzahl an Mauersteinen, die sich durch den Baustoff (Ziegel, Porenbeton, Kalksandstein, Leichtbeton oder Normalbeton), die Struktur (Vollsteine, Lochsteine mit oder ohne Dämmstoff‐Füllung), die Geometrie, die Rohdichte und die Druckfestigkeit unterscheiden.Im Rahmen von Zulassungsverfahren für Kunststoffdübel und Metall‐Injektionsanker wird es für Dübel‐Hersteller aber immer nur möglich sein, einen Teil dieser Vielfalt von Mauersteinen als zulässigen Verankerungsgrund abzubilden. (Dübel‐)Versuche am Bauwerk ermöglichen es dem Anwender dennoch unter bestimmten Bedingungen zulassungskonform zu bemessen und zu montieren, wenn der tatsächlich auf der Baustelle vorhandene Verankerungsgrund nicht in der Zulassung für das Dübelsystem abgebildet ist.Der vorliegende Artikel ist ein Auszug aus dem Heft 4 der Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V. (DAfM) „(Dübel‐)Versuche am Bauwerk in Mauerwerk – Aktuelle Regelungen für Kunststoffdübel und Metall‐Injektionsanker zur Verankerung im Mauerwerk” und gibt einen Überblick zum dafür vorhandenen und zu beachtenden Regelwerk – insbesondere zu einer der beiden aktuellen Technischen Regeln des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt) „Durchführung und Auswertung von Versuchen am Bau für Injektionsankersysteme im Mauerwerk”.
Eignungsprüfungen an Bauteilen und Bausystemen
Authors: Trümer André , Loderer Franz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractXella produziert Baustoffe nach europäischen Produktnormen bzw. auf Basis europäischer technischer Bewertungen. Neue Produkttypen wie auch Produkte, die mit einem neuen Rohstoff hergestellt werden, durchlaufen ein internes Freigabeverfahren, in dem die Anforderungen der Normen sowie ergänzender nationaler Anwendungsdokumente, Zulassungen und Bauartgenehmigungen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich werden Prüfungen durchgeführt, in denen das Zusammenwirken der Xella Baustoffe im System mit weiteren am Bau eingesetzten Produkten bewertet wird. Zu diesen mehrkomponentigen Bauteilen zählen Mauerwerk, Wärmedämm‐Verbundsysteme (WDVS), Putzsysteme, großformatige bewehrte Bauteile, zugehörige Befestigungsmittel und vieles mehr. Der Umfang der Systemprüfungen richtet sich nach dem jeweiligen Anwendungsfall und nach dem in vielen Punkten über die Regelwerke hinausgehenden Xella‐internen Anforderungsprofil. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das Spektrum dieser Prüfungen vor und erläutert am Beispiel der Putz‐ und Mörtelprüfungen das Wesen der internen Prüfrichtlinien.
Standsicherheitsberechnungen an bestehenden Gewichtsstützwänden
Authors: Fleischer Helmut , Schlegel Roger , Eckardt Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGroße Teile älterer Wasserbauwerke bestehen aus massigen Gewichtsstützwänden. Die Bauweise ist durch teilweise mehrere Meter mächtige Querschnitte aus unbewehrtem Beton oder Mauerwerk gekennzeichnet. Neben Erddruck und Einwirkungen aus dem Anlagenbetrieb sind oft hohe Wasserlasten aufzunehmen. Statische Nachrechnungen nach geltendem Regelwerk mit den üblichen vereinfachten Ansätzen führen fast immer zu rechnerischen Standsicherheitsdefiziten, aus denen wiederum aufwendige statische Verstärkungsmaßnahmen oder gar Ersatzneubauten resultieren. Defizite ergeben sich vor allem aus der Vernachlässigung des mehrdimensionalen Spannungs‐ bzw. Dehnungszustands und dem sehr konservativen Ansatz für den im Bauteilinneren wirkenden Riss‐ und Porenwasserdruck nach geltender Norm. Im folgenden Beitrag wird anhand erster numerischer Analysen an einem zweidimensionalen FE‐Stützwandmodell unter Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Rissbildung und Verteilung des inneren Wasserdrucks gezeigt, dass mit einer genaueren Erfassung der statischen Verhältnisse rechnerische Sicherheitsreserven klar nachweisbar sind. Es ist empfehlenswert, diese Untersuchungen fortzuführen und auf eine größere Modellpalette auszudehnen, um zu verallgemeinerungsfähigen Aussagen zu kommen und damit die Basis zur Aufwertung des in der Praxis gängigen Ingenieurmodells zu schaffen.