bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain, disability, and lifestyle: Patients with complex regional pain syndrome compared to chronic musculoskeletal pain—A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kindl Gudrun , Teichmüller Karolin , Escolano‐Lozano Fabiola , Birklein Frank , Rittner Heike L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an orphan disease occurring as a complication after trauma. Due to its acute onset and the typical clinical presentation of the inflammatory and autonomous signs, it is an eye‐catching chronic pain disease affecting also young and working people. In social media and the internet, high pain severity and the unfavourable prognosis are often empathized.MethodsHere, we compared epidemiological, pain and lifestyle factors of 223 CPRS patients from the “ncRNAPain” cohort with 255 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSK). MSK patients were recruited at the beginning of a multimodal pain therapy programme. We searched for factors predicting pain intensity.ResultsBoth chronic pain diseases affected women in middle age. Patients with MSK were more obese, drank more alcohol, and were less educated (Pearson chi‐square Test or Mann–Whitney/U‐Test). Both groups smoked more than healthy people in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Mann–Whitney/U‐Test confirmed that CRPS patients did not have more severe pain and did not suffer more from pain‐related disability than patients with MSK. CRPS patients also had less psychiatric comorbidities. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that group assignment, depressive characteristics, body mass index, average alcohol consumption and smoking predicted higher pain ratings, while disease duration, anxiety symptoms or gender had no influence on pain intensity.ConclusionIn summary, our study supports a more optimistic view on pain in CRPS patients in comparison to MSK and identifies lifestyle factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology like smoking and drinking. Important next steps are the identification of CRPS patients at risk for chronification or—vice versa—with protective factors for pain resolution.SignificanceThis study compares complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and chronic musculoskeletal pain and questions previously reported pain, disability and lifestyle factors associated with CRPS.
Functional activity of peptide ion channels in tethered bilayer lipid membranes: Review
Authors: Guidelli Rolando , Becucci Lucia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIon transport across biomembranes plays a major role in living cells. This fundamental function is normally carried out by molecules with both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic side (amphiphilic molecules), which aggregate within the membrane forming a hydrophilic pore (the ion channel) permitting the selective translocation of permeant ions. Countless papers report the conformation of these ion channels in lipid vesicles using several techniques, such as circular dichroism and solid‐state NMR spectroscopies. However, the functional activity of ion channels can only be investigated by varying the transmembrane potential. This is also the situation in which ion channels operate in commercialized drugs with intracellular targeting activities, of great interest in pharmaceutical research. A suitable biomimetic membrane must consist of a conducting or semiconducting support, whose “heart” is a lipid bilayer in contact with the aqueous solution of interest on one side. The other side must comprise a hydrophilic region thick enough to completely decouple the lipid bilayer from the support, giving rise to a “tethered bilayer lipid membrane” (tBLM). This review aims to describe the numerous efforts made over time to approach this goal, the most recent achievements, and the perspectives of future development. Special emphasis will be placed on the electrochemical aspects of tBLMs, and a qualitative overview of the main optical and scanning probe techniques employed will be provided.
Recent progress in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal single‐atom catalysts
Authors: Huo Siming , Lu Jessie , Wang Xianqin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction reaction of CO2 (CO2RR) is a promising technology for alleviating the global warming caused by the emission of CO2. This technology, however, is still in the stage of finding efficient catalysts. The catalysts must be able to convert CO2 to other carbon‐based products with high activity and selectivity to valuable chemicals. In this review, previous development of heteroatom‐doped metal‐free carbon materials (H‐CMs) is briefly summarized. Recent progress of CO2RR promoted by metal single‐atom catalysts (M‐SACs) is then discussed with emphasis on the synthesis of M‐SACs, the catalytic performance, and reaction mechanisms. The high temperature pyrolysis method and electrodeposition are attracting attentions recently to prepare M‐SACs with high metal loading on N‐doped carbon materials, a very active M‐SACs system for the CO2RR. Theoretical calculations of free energy change on active sites, the Operando X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and Bader charge analysis reveal a significant role of metal oxidation state and charge transfer between metal atoms and absorbed CO. The challenges and perspectives for the extensive applications of M‐SACs in CO2RR are also discussed in this review.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the quartz diorites and mafic microgranular enclaves in the Asiha gold ore deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt: Evidence from zircon U–Pb dating, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes
Authors: Kong Huilei , Liu Yuegao , Zhang Jiangwei , Lin Jiqing , Jia Qunzi , Li Jinchao , Gao Yijie 
Published: December 2021

Calc‐alkaline granitoid intrusions with abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are widespread in the East Kunlun orogenic belt (EKOB). Here, we present petrological observations, zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for quartz diorites and the MMEs in the Asiha gold ore deposit in the EKOB, to constrain their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer 206Pb–238U ages of zircons indicate that the host quartz diorites and their MMEs from the Asiha gold deposit crystallized at 228.4 ± 1.7 Ma and 229.0 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively, which is similar to the gold mineralization age. Whole‐rock geochemical data indicate that the quartz diorites are I‐type granites. The MMEs have εHf(t) values of −7.6 to −0.2, −2.1 on average, whereas those of the quartz diorites range from −3.2 to −0.8, with a mean value of −2.1, which is identical within analytical uncertainty. Moreover, the host quartz diorites and their MMEs have relatively homogeneous Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, with high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and low εNd(t) values ranging from 0.70914 to 0.70963 and from −5.9 to −5.5, respectively. In summary, the MMEs and host quartz diorites have similar geochemical characteristics, indistinguishable Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic composition, and almost simultaneous crystallization age. Geochemical evidence shows that they formed due to the mixing of crust‐ and mantle‐derived magmas. Combined with our new results and published geological, geochronological, and geochemical data, this paper proposes that the EKOB had evolved into a post‐collisional environment at about 230–228 Ma, and the host quartz diorites and their MMEs from the Asiha complex formed in the transitional stage from the syn‐collisional to the post‐collisional setting.
Neuronal contact upregulates astrocytic sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 to coordinate astrocyte‐neuron cross communication
Authors: Singh Sandeep K. , Kordula Tomasz , Spiegel Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAstrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain, directly associate with and regulate neuronal processes and synapses and are important regulators of brain development. Yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that control the establishment of astrocyte morphology and the bi‐directional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Here we show that neuronal contact stimulates expression of S1PR1, the receptor for the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), on perisynaptic astrocyte processes and that S1PR1 drives astrocyte morphological complexity and morphogenesis. Moreover, the S1P/S1PR1 axis increases neuronal contact‐induced expression of astrocyte secreted synaptogenic factors SPARCL1 and thrombospondin 4 that are involved in neural circuit assembly. Our findings have uncovered new functions for astrocytic S1PR1 signaling in regulation of bi‐directional astrocyte–neuron crosstalk at the nexus of astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
Postparotidectomy sialocele: 6‐year review of underlying factors
Authors: Kinberg Eliezer C. , Garneau Jonathan C. , Eljazzar Rachelle , Genden Eric M. , Teng Marita S. , Miles Brett A. , Rosenberg Joshua , Lawson William , Yao Mike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostparotidectomy sialocele is a frustrating challenge. Published rates of postparotidectomy fluid collections range from 6% to 39%. We report our experience of 398 parotidectomies performed over a 6‐year period.MethodsA retrospective chart review of parotidectomies performed over a 6‐year period was completed. Drain placement, smoking status, tumor size, and postoperative utilization of scopolamine were analyzed. Binary logistical regression and odds ratio calculations were performed.ResultsPostparotidectomy sialocele occurred in 25% of patients. Neither suction drain placement nor usage of immediate postoperative scopolamine (in a 22‐patient subset) prevented sialocele formation. Smoking status also did not correlate. Increasing resection size was linearly correlated with the risk of sialocele.ConclusionDrain placement and smoking status do not correlate with sialocele prevention after parotidectomy. Sialocele formation directly correlates with the resection size. These data may guide preoperative counseling; however, additional work is necessary to identify effective prevention mechanisms for postparotidectomy sialocele.
Prevalence and correlates of flavour capsule cigarette use among Australian adolescents
Authors: Scully Maree , Wakefield Melanie , Scollo Michelle , Durkin Sarah , White Victoria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIssue addressedIntroduced relatively recently in the Australian market, flavour capsule cigarettes pose a risk to adolescents by providing a palatable pathway to smoking initiation. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of the use of flavour capsule cigarettes in Australian adolescents and to examine the association between frequency of use and smoking behaviour and intentions and perceptions of cigarette brand differences.MethodsData were from a 2017 cross‐sectional school‐based survey of secondary students aged 12‐17 years (N = 4266) in Victoria who self‐reported their smoking behaviours, smoking intentions and cigarette brand perceptions. Regression analyses were conducted controlling for sex, age group, education sector and other covariates.ResultsOverall, 5% (n = 195) of all students reported ever using flavour capsule cigarettes. Of the 675 students who had ever smoked, 29% (n = 194) had tried a flavour capsule cigarette. The likelihood of past‐month and past‐week smoking was significantly higher, and future smoking intentions were significantly stronger, for ever‐smokers who had used flavour capsule cigarettes multiple times compared to those who had never used this type of cigarette. Ever‐smokers were more likely to agree that ‘some brands of cigarettes are easier to smoke than others’ if they had tried a flavour capsule cigarette.ConclusionsThere are high levels of use of flavour capsule cigarettes among Australian adolescent smokers, with more frequent use associated with greater involvement in smoking.So what?These findings add to those of other studies suggesting that flavour capsule cigarettes may have negative impacts on youth smoking, strengthening the case for their prohibition in Australia.
Changes in general and central fatness are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: A Korean nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Mi Na , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Ha Yeonjung , Chon Young Eun , Lee Ju Ho , Hwang Seong Gyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated the impact of short‐term changes in general and central fatness on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large, population‐based cohort. We screened 7 221 479 subjects who underwent health examinations provided by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea in 2009 and 2011. In total, 6 789 472 subjects were included in the final analysis. General fatness was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and central fatness was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Subjects were classified according to the change in body fatness between 2009 and 2011, as follows: (a) persistent no fatness as no fatness in both 2009 and 2011, (b) reversed fatness as fatness in 2009, but no fatness in 2011, (c) incident fatness as no fatness in 2009, but fatness in 2011 or (d) persistent fatness as fatness in both 2009 and 2011. During a median 6.4‐year follow‐up, we documented 9952 HCC cases. Compared to subjects with a persistent no general fatness, the risk of HCC significantly increased in those with incident (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01‐1.20) and persistent (aHR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.23‐1.34) general fatness. Compared to subjects with persistent no central fatness, those with incident and persistent central fatness showed a significantly increased risk of HCC (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.27 and aHR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.26‐1.40, respectively). Taken together, these findings indicate the importance of strategies for preventing and reversing body fatness to reduce the incidence of HCC.
Effective external reminders impair the practice effect of time‐based prospective memory
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Gan Jiaqun , Ping Yifan , Song Tingting , Liu Taotao , Wang Enguo , Li Yongxin 
Published: December 2021

The practice effect of time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to the phenomenon that TBPM task performance can be significantly improved by repetitive behavioural training. However, reminders are a common strategy for people to perform TBPM tasks in daily life. A large amount of evidence shows that reminders can improve TBPM performance when individuals pay less attention to time information. However, the present study was the first to explore whether external reminders might simultaneously impede the practice effect of TBPM. In this study, 81 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to control group (N = 27, Mage = 20.00, SDage = 1.04), reminder group (N = 26, Mage = 20.35, SDage = 1.70) and non‐reminder group (N = 28, Mage = 20.25, SDage = 1.17). In the training stage, the reminder group could receive effective external reminders, while the non‐reminder group could not. The results of the training stage revealed that compared with the non‐reminder group, the reminder group had fewer time monitoring times and better TBPM performance. In the testing stage, when reminders were removed from the reminder group, we found that compared with the control group without TBPM training, the TBPM performance of the reminder group failed to improve, while that of the non‐reminder group improved significantly. Meanwhile, the time estimation ability of the reminder group was not as improved as that of the non‐reminder group.
A Subset of Osteosarcoma Bears Markers of CXCL12‐Abundant Reticular Cells
Authors: Sosa Branden R , Wang Ziqi , Healey John H , Hameed Meera , Greenblatt Matthew B 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTCurrently, the cell of origin for osteosarcoma or other primary skeletal tumors is largely unknown. Recent reports identifying specific cell types comprising bone now newly enable investigation of this topic. Specifically, CXC motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)‐abundant reticular (CAR) cells are a specific skeletal stromal cell type that orchestrate the bone marrow microenvironment through cross‐talk with hematopoietic and endothelial cells and a likely candidate cell of origin for at least a subset of primary skeletal tumors. Here, we analyze osteosarcomas via immunohistochemistry for known markers of CAR cells such as leptin receptor (LEPR), B‐cell factor 3 (EBF3), CXCL12, and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). A large proportion of high‐grade tumors expressed LEPR, PDGFRA, and EBF3 but not CXCL12. These data raise the hypothesis that CAR cells are the cell of origin of this osteoblastic osteosarcoma subset, a finding with implications for the cellular oncogenesis of primary osteosarcoma and the development of effective targeted therapies. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
N‐glycan profiling alterations of serum and immunoglobulin G in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Xuewen , Huang Chenjun , Gao Chunfang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe glycosylation alterations of serum and IgG are involved in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and have shown great potential in biomarker field. The diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is exclusive. Our study aimed to discover the potential glyco‐biomarkers for auxiliary diagnosis of ITP.MethodsThe serum samples were obtained from 61 ITP patients and 35 healthy controls, and IgG samples were purified from 34 out of 61 ITP patients and 35 healthy controls. DNA sequencer‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA‐FACE) was used to analyze serum and IgG N‐glycan profiling.Results6 of 12 serum N‐glycan peaks, 6 of 7 IgG N‐glycan peaks, serum fucosylation, and IgG galactosylation were significantly different between ITP patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). IgG peak 7 showed good diagnostic efficacy for discriminating ITP patients from healthy individuals (AUC 0.967). ITP patients with severe thrombocytopenia had a significantly lower serum fucosylation than ITP patients with mild and moderate thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). Serum fucosylation and serum peak 5 were correlated with platelet counts in ITP patients with severe thrombocytopenia, and the absolute values of correlation coefficient were both over 0.5.ConclusionsThe specific N‐glycan patterns of serum and IgG were observed in ITP patients. IgG peak 7 was a potential biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis of ITP.
Learning to design for social justice in community‐engaged engineering
Authors: Reynante Brandon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐engaged learning initiatives in engineering often struggle to achieve equitable outcomes for community partners because students in such programs often possess a design‐for‐charity mindset, which is characterized by an uncritical desire to help and the design of solutions that address symptoms of inequity without meaningful community involvement. The paradigm of design‐for‐justice seeks more equitable outcomes by illuminating positions of power, leveraging community knowledge, facilitating community participation, and altering the structural causes of inequity.PurposeLittle is known about how to support students in developing a design‐for‐justice mindset. This work investigated how students in one particular community‐engaged engineering program with a social justice orientation learned to shift mindsets from charity toward justice.MethodI conducted a case study of a community‐engaged engineering learning project during a single academic term using participant observations and semi‐structured interviews of eight undergraduates with varying levels of project experience. I performed thematic analysis to identify learning processes students employed in making mindset shifts.ResultsStudents employed four primary learning processes in developing and deepening a design‐for‐justice mindset: (1) drawing upon prior experience with inequity; (2) connecting to course content; (3) imitating experienced team members; and (4) empathizing with community members. The three core elements of the program experience—introductory course, laboratory course, and field practicum—each fostered shifts along distinct mindset dimensions.ConclusionThis research offers insights into creating community‐engaged engineering learning experiences that may help students shift toward a design‐for‐justice mindset and has broader implications for how all engineering students might develop socio‐technical thinking skills.
Multifunctional leather surface embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation method
Authors: Alamro Fowzia S. , Toghan Arafat , Ahmed Hoda A. , Mostafa Ayman M. , Alakhras Abbas I. , Mwafy Eman A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA simple procedure was used to generate and decorate leather structures with different amounts from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to produce multifunctional leather structure by pulsed laser ablation method in liquid media based on changing the ablation time in just one‐pot method. The impact of varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles embedded on the surface of leather on water resistance, water vapor permeability, mechanical characteristics, and UV‐shielding efficiency was examined by different characterization techniques like X‐ray diffraction, surface area, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the combination between the external functional groups of leather with ZnO nanoparticles was discovered. ZnO nanoparticles effectively coated the surface of leather tissue, as seen by SEM images, and their form a spherical morphology. Leather with ZnO nanoparticles added had the highest capacity to kill Escherichia coli bacteria, exceeding leather without modification and ZnO nanoparticles alone in 50‐hr incubation. In addition, the incubation period had a substantial impact on the suppression of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth by leather samples.
Resolving between novelty and homology in the rapidly evolving phallus of Drosophila
Authors: Rice Gavin R. , David Jean R. , Gompel Nicolas , Yassin Amir , Rebeiz Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe genitalia present some of the most rapidly evolving anatomical structures in the animal kingdom, possessing a variety of parts that can distinguish recently diverged species. In the Drosophila melanogaster group, the phallus is adorned with several processes, pointed outgrowths, that are similar in size and shape between species. However, the complex three‐dimensional nature of the phallus can obscure the exact connection points of each process. Previous descriptions based upon adult morphology have primarily assigned phallic processes by their approximate positions in the phallus and have remained largely agnostic regarding their homology relationships. In the absence of clearly identified homology, it can be challenging to model when each structure first evolved. Here, we employ a comparative developmental analysis of these processes in eight members of the melanogaster species group to precisely identify the tissue from which each process forms. Our results indicate that adult phallic processes arise from three pupal primordia in all species. We found that in some cases the same primordia generate homologous structures whereas in other cases, different primordia produce phenotypically similar but remarkably non‐homologous structures. This suggests that the same gene regulatory network may have been redeployed to different primordia to induce phenotypically similar traits. Our results highlight how traits diversify and can be redeployed, even at short evolutionary scales.