bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and purpose of the bomb: Explaining India's nuclear restraint against China
Authors: Joshi Yogesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuch of the literature on India's nuclear programme assumes that China's nuclear capability drove New Delhi, the strategically weaker actor, to pursue a nuclear weapons capability. China's nuclear tests not only rendered New Delhi militarily insecure and dented its claim for the leadership of the Third World but they also polarized the domestic debate over the utility of the bomb. In the global scheme of nuclear proliferation, therefore, India was just another fallen nuclear domino. Marshalling recently declassified documents, this article revisits India's nuclear behaviour during the crucial decade between 1964 and 1974. By focusing on threat assessments made at the highest levels and internal deliberations of the Indian Government, this article shows how, contrary to the claims made in the literature, Indian decision-makers did not make much of the Chinese nuclear threat. This conviction emanated out of their distinct reading of the purpose of nuclear weapons in China's foreign and military policy; their perceptions of how India could achieve nuclear deterrence against China by using the bipolar international politics of the Cold War; and, finally, their understanding of the political costs of developing an indigenous nuclear response to China's nuclear threat. New Delhi's nuclear restraint resulted from its perceptions of Chinese nuclear intentions and its beliefs about the purpose of the bomb in Sino-Indian relations. India's perceptions of China as a nuclear adversary and its decision-makers’ views on the purpose of nuclear weapons in this rivalry were fundamentally different from the expectations set out by the domino theory of nuclear proliferation.
Psychological treatment of perinatal depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , Franco Pamela , Ciharova Marketa , Miguel Clara , Segre Lisa , Quero Soledad , Karyotaki Eirini 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression during pregnancy and after the birth of a child is highly prevalent and an important public health problem. Psychological interventions are the first-line treatment and, although a considerable number of randomized trials have been conducted, no recent comprehensive meta-analysis has evaluated treatment effects.MethodsWe used an existing database of randomized controlled trials of psychotherapies for adult depression and included studies aimed at perinatal depression. Random effects models were used in all analyses. We examined the effects of the interventions in the short and long term, and also examined secondary outcomes.ResultsForty-three studies with 49 comparisons and 6270 participants between an intervention and control group were included. The overall effect size was g = 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45~0.89; numbers needed-to-be-treated = 4.39] with high heterogeneity (I2 = 80%; 95% CI 75~85). This effect size remained largely unchanged and significant in a series of sensitivity analyses, although some publication bias was found. The effects remained significant at 6–12 months follow-up. Significant effects were also found for social support, anxiety, functional limitations, parental stress and marital stress, although the number of studies for each outcome was low. All results should be considered with caution because of the high levels of heterogeneity in most analyses.ConclusionsPsychological interventions are probably effective in the treatment of perinatal depression, with effects that last at least up to 6–12 months and probably also have effects on social support, anxiety, functional impairment, parental stress, and marital stress.
Living with dementia under COVID-19 restrictions: coping and support needs among people with dementia and carers from the IDEAL cohort
Authors: O'Rourke Gareth , Pentecost Claire , van den Heuvel Eleanor , Victor Christina , Quinn Catherine , Hillman Alexandra , Litherland Rachael , Clare Linda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStringent social restrictions imposed during 2020 to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly affect the wellbeing and quality of life of people with dementia living in the community and their family carers. We explored the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on people with dementia and family carers in England and considered how negative effects might be mitigated. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 11 people with dementia and 11 family carers who were ongoing participants in the IDEAL cohort during the initial ‘lockdown’ period in May and June 2020, and follow-up interviews with five people with dementia and two carers as restrictions were eased in July. We analysed interview data and triangulated the findings with issues raised in dementia-specific online forums. Findings showed some people with dementia were coping well, but others experienced a range of negative impacts, with varying degrees of improvement as restrictions were eased. The need for clear personalised information relating to COVID-19 and the value of support in the form of regular ‘just checking’ phone calls was emphasised. This exceptional situation provides a natural demonstration of how social and psychological resources shape the potential to ‘live well’ with dementia. While some support is recommended for all, a personalised approach to determine needs and coping ability would ensure that further practical and emotional support is targeted effectively.
Homages
Authors: Sahade J. , Kulikovsky P. , Swings P. 
Published: November 2021

At its Liège meeting, in July 1963, the Executive Committee of the Union voted to hold this Joint Discussion as a small homage to the memory of Professor Struve. I do not need to stress why the subject of ‘Close Binaries’ was chosen as we all know that it was closer to Professor Struve’s heart than any of the other ones in which he divided his broad astronomical interest.Mrs Mary Struve has written to me the kind letter I am going to read, a letter which summarizes so clearly how much Professor Struve would have appreciated this kind of homage.
Assessing a fossil fuels externality with a new neural networks and image optimisation algorithm: the case of atmospheric pollutants as confounders to COVID-19 lethality
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo , Mele Marco , Schneider Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how the combustion of fossil fuels for transport purpose might cause health implications. Based on an original case study [i.e. the Hubei province in China, the epicentre of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic], we collected data on atmospheric pollutants (PM2.5, PM10and CO2) and economic growth (GDP), along with daily series on COVID-19 indicators (cases, resuscitations and deaths). Then, we adopted an innovative Machine Learning approach, applying a new image Neural Networks model to investigate the causal relationships among economic, atmospheric and COVID-19 indicators. Empirical findings emphasise that any change in economic activity is found to substantially affect the dynamic levels of PM2.5, PM10and CO2which, in turn, generates significant variations in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic and its associated lethality. As a robustness check, the conduction of an optimisation algorithm further corroborates previous results.
Promises to the Dead
Authors: Taylor James Stacey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany people attempt to give meaning to their lives by pursuing projects that they believe will bear fruit after they have died. Knowing that their death will preclude them from protecting or promoting such projects people who draw meaning from them will often attempt to secure their continuance by securing promises from others to serve as their caretakers after they die. But those who rely on such are faced with a problem: None of the four major accounts that have been developed to explain directed promissory obligation (the Authority View, the Trust View, the Assurance View, and the Reliance View) support the view that we are obligated to keep our promises to persons who are now dead. But I will provide hope for those who wish to use such promises to protect the meaning with which they have endowed their lives. I will argue that while we cannot wrong a person who is now dead by breaking a promise made to her during her life, we could wrong the living by so doing. We thus (might) have reason to keep the promises that we made to those who are now dead.
Grieving Our Way Back to Meaningfulness
Authors: Cholbi Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deaths of those on whom our practical identities rely generate a sense of disorientation or alienation from the world seemingly at odds with life being meaningful. In the terms put forth in Cheshire Calhoun's recent account of meaningfulness in life, because their existence serves as a metaphysical presupposition of our practical identities, their deaths threaten to upend a background frame of agency against which much of our choice and deliberation takes place. Here I argue for a dual role for grief in addressing this threat to life's meaningfulness. Inasmuch as grief's object is the loss of our relationship with the deceased as it was prior to their death, grief serves to alert us to the threat to our practical identities that their deaths pose to us and motivates us to defuse this threat by revising our practical identities to reflect the modification in our relationship necessitated by their deaths. Simultaneously, the emotional complexity and richness of grief episodes provides an abundance of normative evidence regarding our relationship with the deceased and our practical identities, evidence that can enable us to re-establish our practical identities and thereby recover a sense of our lives as meaningful.
Liquid regulation: the (men's) business of women's water music?
Authors: Forsyth Miranda , Dick Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplexity and uncertainty often animate the desire for regulatory approaches seeking to fix, limit and constrain. But what if, instead of doubling down on ‘solid’ regulation, we also make room for ‘liquid’ regulatory approaches? We interrogate this question through deep empirical analysis of the developing regulatory framework around a form of Melanesian cultural property known as water music. We argue that, although both solid and liquid regulatory forms exist in all normative orders, we have recently seen an increasing emphasis on solid forms of regulation (legislation, registers, etc.) with respect to cultural property. As an effort to consider alternative approaches, we identify a range of liquid regulatory strategies drawing from our case-study. We show how attention to temporality, relationality and situatedness can impact upon the degree of liquidity of individual regulatory approaches, and how they can cumulatively impact the solidity or liquidity of the overall regulatory system. Finally, we identify the different ways in which gendered power and forms of accountability emerge in contexts of solid or liquid regulatory strategies.
Small Satellite Mission Concepts for Space Weather Research and as Pathfinders for Operations
Authors: Caspi Amir , Barthelemy M. , Bussy‐Virat C. D. , Cohen I. J. , DeForest C. E. , Jackson D. R. , Vourlidas A. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent advances in miniaturization and commercial availability of critical satellite subsystems and detector technology have made small satellites (SmallSats, including CubeSats) an attractive, low‐cost potential solution for space weather research and operational needs. Motivated by the first International Workshop on SmallSats for Space Weather Research and Forecasting, held in Washington, DC on 1–4 August 2017, we discuss the need for advanced space weather measurement capabilities, driven by analyses from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and how SmallSats can efficiently fill these measurement gaps. We present some current, recent missions and proposed/upcoming mission concepts using SmallSats that enhance space weather research and provide prototyping pathways for future operational applications; how they relate to the WMO requirements; and what challenges remain to be overcome to meet the WMO goals and operational needs in the future. With additional investment from cognizant funding agencies worldwide, SmallSats—including standalone missions and constellations—could significantly enhance space weather research and, eventually, operations, by reducing costs and enabling new measurements not feasible from traditional, large, monolithic missions.
Wintertime Submesoscale Offshore Events Overcoming Wind‐Driven Onshore Currents in the East China Sea
Authors: Xuan Jiliang , Ding Ruibin , Ni Xiaobo , Huang Daji , Chen Jianfang , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoastal offshore currents transport terrestrial materials from coastal areas to continental shelf areas in the upper layer; these currents are regarded as unimportant in winter when wind‐driven onshore currents are dominant. In this paper, both long‐term observations and high‐resolution simulations in the East China Sea reveal unique wintertime offshore currents in the upper layer that are widespread in the 30–70‐m isobath area and even overcome the wind‐driven onshore currents at the 50–70‐m isobaths. The mixed layer instabilities, frontogenesis and turbulent thermal wind, which constitute a mechanism in the generation of submesoscale offshore currents, have a growth rate that is fast enough to compete with the wind‐driven dynamics when the winter monsoon is relatively weak (<10 m/s). The alternation of the weak‐wind and strong‐wind modes during the winter monsoons provides a general condition for the repeated occurrence of remarkable submesoscale cross‐shore transport and carbon sequestration in coastal seas.
Mapping MMS Observations of Solitary Waves in Earth's Magnetic Field
Authors: Hansel P. J. , Wilder F. D. , Malaspina D. M. , Ergun R. E. , Ahmadi N. , Holmes J. C. , Goodrich K. A. , Fuselier S. , Giles B. , Russell C. T. , Torbert R. , Strangeway R. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Lindqvist P. ‐A. , Burch J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are a type of nonlinear time‐domain plasma structure (TDS) generally defined by bipolar electric fields and propagation parallel to the local magnetic field. Formation mechanisms for TDSs in the magnetosphere have been studied extensively and are associated with plasma boundary layers and the braking of bursty bulk flows (BBFs). However, the rapid timescales over which these TDSs occur (<2 ms) make them infeasible to count by eye over large time periods. Furthermore, high‐cadence data are not always available. The Solitary Wave Detector (SWD) on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission quantifies the occurrence and amplitude of TDS throughout the constellation's orbit; analysis of burst (65 kS/s) parallel electric field data indicates that the SWD captures approximately 60% of all bipolar TDS encountered in the tail region, enabling large‐scale examination of their occurrence. Maps of TDS occurrence rates during several years of the MMS mission were generated from SWD data, showing enhanced TDS density in the tail region between 6 and 9 Re; enhance occurrence in or near shocks; and an unexpected enhancement in the dawn side of the tail and in the radiation belt.
Cell-type- and region-specific modulation of cocaine seeking by micro-RNA-1 in striatal projection neurons
Authors: Forget Benoit , Garcia Elena Martin , Godino Arthur , Rodriguez Laura Domingo , Kappes Vincent , Poirier Pierre , Andrianarivelo Andry , Marchan Eric Senabre , Allichon Marie-Charlotte , Marias Mélanie , Vanhoutte Peter , Girault Jean-Antoine , Maldonado Rafael , Caboche Jocelyne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe persistent and experience-dependent nature of drug addiction may result in part from epigenetic alterations, including non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which are both critical for neuronal function and modulated by cocaine in the striatum. Two major striatal cell populations, the striato-nigral and striato-pallidal projection neurons, express, respectively, the D1 (D1-SPNs) and D2 (D2-SPNs) dopamine receptor, and display distinct but complementary functions in drug-evoked responses. However, a cell-type-specific role for miRNAs action has yet to be clarified. Here, we evaluated the expression of a subset of miRNAs proposed to modulate cocaine effects in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum (DS) upon sustained cocaine exposure in mice and showed that these selected miRNAs were preferentially upregulated in the NAc. We focused on miR-1 considering the important role of some of its predicted mRNA targets, Fosb and Npas4, in the effects of cocaine. We validated these targets in vitro and in vivo. We explored the potential of miR-1 to regulate cocaine-induced behavior by overexpressing it in specific striatal cell populations. In DS D1-SPNs miR-1 overexpression downregulated Fosb and Npas4 and reduced cocaine-induced CPP reinstatement, but increased cue-induced cocaine seeking. In DS D2-SPNs miR-1 overexpression reduced the motivation to self-administer cocaine. Our results indicate a role of miR1 and its target genes, Fosb and Npas4, in these behaviors and highlight a precise cell-type- and region-specific modulatory role of miR-1, illustrating the importance of cell-specific investigations.
Bi-allelic variants in human WDR63 cause male infertility via abnormal inner dynein arms assembly
Authors: Lu Shuai , Gu Yayun , Wu Yifei , Yang Shenmin , Li Chenmeijie , Meng Lanlan , Yuan Wenwen , Jiang Tao , Zhang Xin , Li Yang , Wang Cheng , Liu Mingxi , Ye Lan , Guo Xuejiang , Shen Hongbing , Yang Xiaoyu , Tan Yueqiu , Hu Zhibin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInner dynein arm (IDA), composed of a series of protein complex, is necessary to cilia and flagella bend formation and beating. Previous studies indicated that defects of IDA protein complex result in multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagellum (MMAF) and male infertility. However, the genetic causes and molecular mechanisms in the IDAs need further exploration. Here we identified two loss-of-function variants of WDR63 in both MMAF and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) affected cohorts. WDR63 encodes an IDA-associated protein that is dominantly expressed in testis. We next generated Wdr63-knockout (Wdr63-KO) mice through the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Remarkably, Wdr63-KO induced decreased sperm number, abnormal flagellar morphology and male infertility. In addition, transmission electron microscopy assay showed severely disorganized “9 + 2” axoneme and absent inner dynein arms in the spermatozoa from Wdr63-KO male mice. Mechanistically, we found that WDR63 interacted with WDR78 mainly via WD40-repeat domain and is necessary for IDA assembly. Furthermore, WDR63-associated male infertility in human and mice could be overcome by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that bi-allelic variants of WDR63 cause male infertility via abnormal inner dynein arms assembly and flagella formation and can be used as a genetic diagnostic indicator for infertility males.
Equivalence of sessile droplet dynamics under periodic and steady electric fields
Authors: Kainikkara Muhamed Ashfak , Pillai Dipin S. , Sahu Kirti Chandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrohydrodynamics of a sessile droplet under the influence of periodic and steady electric fields in microgravity conditions is theoretically investigated using an inertial lubrication model. Previous studies have revealed that a freely suspended spherical droplet with unequal conductivity and permittivity ratios exhibits distinct dynamics under periodic and equivalent steady forcing in the root mean-square sense. However, it is unclear when (if at all) such distinct dynamics occur for periodic and equivalent steady forcing in the case of sessile droplets. The equivalence between periodic and steady forcing is shown to be governed by the interfacial charge buildup, which further depends on the competition between the charge relaxation and forcing timescales. A circulation-deformation map is introduced for the sessile droplet that acts as a guideline to achieve electric field-induced wetting or dewetting as the case may be. We also demonstrate that a droplet may be rendered either more or less wetting solely by tuning the forcing frequency.
Cholecystectomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson’s disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Ryul , Lee Jee-Young , Park Sanghyun , Han Kyungdo , Shin Cheol Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence has suggested that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and that this role is mediated by the interactions between bile acids (BAs) and intestinal microbiota. Given that cholecystectomy can lead to alterations in BAs and gut microbiota, we investigated whether cholecystectomy is linked to a higher risk of PD. We constructed a cohort of patients with an operation code of cholecystectomy from 2010 to 2015 (n = 161,838) and age- and sex-matched control subjects without cholecystectomy (n = 286,135) using the National Health Insurance Service database. Incident PD was traced over a maximum observation period of 7 years. We identified 1404 incident PD cases during 1,631,265 person-years of follow-up. The cholecystectomy group showed an elevated risk of PD compared to the control group, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.27). When the data were split by sex, the risk elevation was significant in men (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.41), but not in women (adjusted HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.88–1.22). Our results provide evidence that cholecystectomy is associated with an increased risk of developing PD. This association differed between men and women, suggesting sex-specific effects of cholecystectomy on the risk of PD.