bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red, black, and white hearts: ‘heart’, ‘liver’, and ‘lungs’ in typological and areal perspective
Authors: Urban Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn the basis of a sample of 424 languages or dialects, this article provides a typological-comparative investigation of designations for three major internal organs of the torso, the ‘heart’, the ‘liver’, and the ‘lungs’. While colexification patterns are relatively unconstrained, the data show a skewing in morphologically complex terms: ‘heart’ and ‘liver’ often serve as head nouns in complex terms for ‘lungs’, but the reverse is rare. Another recurrent phenomenon is that two of the organs –sometimes ‘heart’ and ‘lungs’, but more frequently ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’– share their head noun, and are distinguished from one another by modifiers that refer to their most salient characteristics, as in Azerbaijaniaɣ ǯiyær‘white ǯiyær’ = ‘lungs’ andgara-ǯiyær‘black-ǯiyær’ = ‘liver’. Having thus set the typological stage, I move on to discuss two different regions of the world in which such terms for ‘lungs’ and ‘liver’ have spread through language contact. This has happened in Eurasia, where the abovementioned pattern, which I call “explicitly dyadic”, was brought from Turkish to vernaculars of the Balkans and, most likely through Azerbaijani influence, to languages of the Southern Caucasus. Similar explicitly dyadic terms, but based on a head noun meaning ‘heart’, also occur in the Andes, where they appear to have spread from Quechuan to Barbacoan languages. The evidence not only shows that ‘liver’ and ‘lungs’ form a “semantic dyad” in which designations make use of “opposed characteristics” in different regions of the world, but also that such designations are salient and therefore prone to spread in language contact situations.
Erfüllungsfiguren im Zeitalter ihrer Fragmentierung
Authors: Moxter Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Der folgende Beitrag diskutiert die Frage, ob und in welchem Sinne von Vollendung des Menschen heute noch die Rede sein könne. Gründe für eine skeptische Zurückhaltung erklären sich aus einem Bild der Moderne, nach dem diese im Abbau antiker Vorstellungen ein nach-metaphysisches Denken auf den Weg bringt. Doch ist die Lage nicht so eindeutig wie in solchen Überzeugungen suggeriert wird. Das zeigt sich vor dem Hintergrund einiger begrifflichen Klärungen (I.) an einschlägigen Motiven der Selbstbeschreibung der Moderne (II.) sowie an der Bedeutung, die das Fragmentarische in ihr hat (III.). An Kants Früh- und Spätwerk zeigt sich, wie präsent Erfüllungsfiguren auch diesseits der kritischen Philosophie bleiben (IV.). Bei Hans Blumenberg findet sich eine phänomenologische und näherhin anthropologische Begründung für deren Beharrungskraft (V.). Die interne Korrelation zwischen Fragmentarität und Vollendung kann theologisch als Resultat eines reflektierten Umgangs mit Enttäuschungen gedeutet werden, die dennoch das Phänomen der Erwartung nicht aus der Welt schaffen. Und das ist auch gut so. Denn die Resistenz des Vollendungsgedankens wirft Licht auf die conditio humana, die sich in Kritik und Endlichkeitsbewusstsein nicht erschöpft, sondern im Verhältnis zum Unbedingten steht (VI.).
Ein vollkommener Kyniker
Authors: Lucci Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die griechische philosophische Strömung des Kynismus durch die Linse des Asketismus. Nach einer Darstellung des griechischen Konzepts der askesis, verstanden als Übung zur Vervollkommnung (§1), werden die Geschichte und die Hauptmerkmale des Kynismus rekonstruiert (§2) und die Bedeutung der Askese für diese Strömung dargestellt (§3). In §4 wird gezeigt, wie das kynische Konzept der Askese, das auf die Vervollkommnung des Subjekts durch eine Reihe von kontinuierlichen Übungen abzielt, im griechischen Kontext sowohl in Opposition zu den rituellen und magischen Praktiken der Volksreligiosität als auch zu den Fleischopfern mit politischer Bedeutung der Polis zu interpretieren ist.
Empathische Transzendenz – transzendente Empathie
Authors: Loew Léonard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEinfühlung wird ideengeschichtlich an das Konzept der Selbstperfektionierung geknüpft und insofern im Modus der Defizienz verhandelt. Dabei fungieren antike und mittelalterliche Diskurse um Gotteserkenntnis als historisch-konzeptionelle Vorläufer neuzeitlichmoderner Erklärungsfolien zwischenmenschlicher Alterität, mithin als semantische Vorform der zeitgenössischen Einfühlungs-Idee. In diesem Kontext ist eine ethisch-epistemologische Asymmetrie zu konstatieren, die Gott einerseits als den All-Empathischen beschreibt und zugleich die Erkenntnisbemühungen des Menschen als unabgeschlossen und prozessual vorstellt. Einfühlung produziert sich als regulative Idee im doppelten Sinne: Während Gott alsempathische Transzendenzerscheint, bedarf es unendlicher Annäherungsbewegungen, damit der Mensch sich in einem Akttranszendenter Empathiein Gott einfühlen kann. Durch die Etablierung dieser Vorstellungsverbindung hat das Innenleben des Anderen eine transzendente Aufladung erfahren. Das Fremdpsychische wurde zum modernen Mysterium.
Vollendung durch Abstinenz – Motive und Praktiken sittlich-religiöser Perfektionierung in der katholischen Jugendbewegung Quickborn
Authors: Maier Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReligion und Vervollkommnung – des Einzelnen wie der Kirche bzw. der Christenheit – sind eng miteinander verwoben und gründen auf der Überzeugung, den Einzelnen für das Reich Gottes vorbereiten zu müssen bzw. dieses als Kirche in der Welt zu repräsentieren. Nicht zuletzt ist die asketische Tradition des Christentums im Dienst dieses Zieles zu sehen, die durch eine methodische Lebensführung den Wandel der Seele zum Guten erreichen wollte. Gnadentheologisch war dies umstritten, weil die Möglichkeit des Menschen dazu beizutragen – je nach theologischer Position – unterschiedlich gewertet wurde. Je optimistischer man hinsichtlich des menschlichen Beitrags war, umso generativer waren diese Konzepte in pädagogischer Hinsicht. Die 1909 gegründete katholische Jugendbewegung Quickborn, in der Schüler/innen höherer Schulen aktiv waren, stellt ein gutes Beispiel dafür dar, wie Religion zum Mittel sittlich-religiöser Vervollkommnung wurde. Um angesichts einer rasanten Modernisierung für gebildete junge Katholiken weiterhin relevant zu bleiben, musste an aktuellen Strömungen wie dem Abstinenzideal angeknüpft werden. Dieses war in der Reformpädagogik sowie in der Lebens- und Sozialreform um 1900 im Kaiserreich sehr präsent und konnte offenbar in Verbindung mit dem Jugendmotiv neuen religiösen Enthusiasmus wecken. Der Beitrag untersucht die Motive einer Sakralisierung der Abstinenz, ihrer pädagogischen Ziele und erwarteten Wirkungen z.B. auf Körper, Seeleoder Volk sowie die verschiedenen Praktiken der Selbsterziehung und fragt schließlich danach, ob in der Verbindung von Religion und Perfektion nicht Transzendenz, konkrete Humanität(H. R. Schlette), Gnade (Kontingenz) und Fragment als doch immerhin zentrale Dimensionen biblischen Christentums ausgeblendet wurden.
Destruktion und Perfektion: Zum Wechselspiel von Vernichtung und Vervollkommnung im Hinduismus
Authors: Chakkarath Pradeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Eine geradezu mythologische Narration des Okzidents besagt, dass der Mensch mit der europäischen Aufklärung begonnen habe, sein Schicksal nicht mehr übergeordneten Instanzen zu überlassen, sondern es im mutigen Vertrauen auf die eigenen Potenzen in die eigene Hand zu nehmen. Mal abgesehen davon, dass dieser Topos vom selbstbestimmten Menschen die Mythologien und Heldenepen zahlreicher, auch nichteuropäischer Kulturen prägt, scheint an der neuzeitlichen europäischen Narration doch zumindest auffällig, ihr Ideal von Selbstwerdung wie auch gesellschaftlicher und individueller Vervollkommnung an die Vorstellung stetigen Fortschritts zu binden. Am Beispiel einiger zentraler hinduistischer Vorstellungen werde ich aus einer kulturpsychologischen Perspektive zu skizzieren versuchen, dass individuelle Perfektionierung auch in kosmologischen Vorstellungen als möglich gedacht werden kann, in denen stetige Auflösung und Zerstörung als Prinzip alles Seins betont werden. Abschließend werden einige knappe Überlegungen dazu angestellt, wie derartige Vorstellungen dazu beitragen können, bestimmte Aspekte gegenwärtiger Gesellschaft und Politik umfassender zu analysieren.
Sri Krishna:
Ich bin der Tod, der Zerstörer von Welten.
[...] Ich bin die Zeit, die Verschwenderin von Völkern. Ich mache den Augenblick reif für ihren Zerfall.
Arjuna:
Feuergesichtiger, du hauchst die Welten zu Asche. [...] Die furchtbaren Hauer all deiner Münder knirschen. [...] In deinem grausamen Rachen liegen sie alle, auch die Krieger, ihre Häupter zertrümmert.
(Verse aus der Bhagavadgita, Kap. 11)
Simultaneous demodulation comparison of fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors connected in parallel and series
Authors: Liao Jie , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the spectra of two fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors in parallel and series connection were studied. The spectrum of the parallel structure is a simple superposition of the two sensors’ spectrum, and that of the series structure can be regarded as the interference occurring in two Fabry–Perot sensors successively. The sensors’ optical path difference can be obtained and separated by using the theoretical formula to fit the normalized spectrum of parallel or series structure, which showed that two or more Fabry–Perot sensors can be simultaneously demodulated by the spectrum fitting method.
Cellular and Behavioral Characterization ofPcdh19Mutant Mice: subtle Molecular Changes, Increased Exploratory Behavior and an Impact of Social Environment
Authors: Galindo-Riera Natalia , Newbold Sylvia Adriana , Sledziowska Monika , Llinares-Benadero Cristina , Griffiths Jessica , Mire Erik , Martinez-Garay Isabel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMutations in the X-linked cell adhesion protein PCDH19 lead to seizures, cognitive impairment, and other behavioral comorbidities when present in a mosaic pattern. Neither the molecular mechanisms underpinning this disorder nor the function of PCDH19 itself are well understood. By combining RNAin situhybridization with immunohistochemistry and analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we revealPcdh19expression in cortical interneurons and provide a first account of the subtypes of neurons expressingPcdh19/PCDH19, both in the mouse and the human cortex. Our quantitative analysis of thePcdh19mutant mouse exposes subtle changes in cortical layer composition, with no major alterations of the main axonal tracts. In addition,Pcdh19mutant animals, particularly females, display preweaning behavioral changes, including reduced anxiety and increased exploratory behavior. Importantly, our experiments also reveal an effect of the social environment on the behavior of wild-type littermates ofPcdh19mutant mice, which show alterations when compared with wild-type animals not housed with mutants.
PERIODICITY SEARCH ALGORITHMS IN DIGITAL SEQUENCES WITH BLOCK CODING BY THEIR CORRELATION PROPERTIES
Authors: Romanov О. М. , Kotiubin V. Yu. 
Published: July 2021

Context. To improve the noise immunity of communication and data transmission systems, error-correcting coding is widely used. The most common because of their effectiveness are block coding methods. Under conditions of partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of encoding, before decoding the digital sequence, a preliminary analysis is carried out to determine them. In block coding, to determine the period of a digital sequence caused by the addition of a sync sequence to it, and which can determine the type and parameters of coding, a common approach is to use their correlation properties.
Objective. The object of the research is the presentation of periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block errorcorrecting coding under conditions of partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of the error-correcting code.
Method. The article presents two periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block coding and describes the principle of their operation. The basis of one algorithm is the calculation of the autocorrelation function, the basis of the other is calculation of the cross-correlation function. It is shown that the length of the digital sequence should be twice as long as the maximum possible period. The operation of both algorithms is illustrated by examples.
Results. Based on the proposed algorithms, special software has been developed. The results of determining the period of digital sequences with block error-correcting coding at different values of the period confirmed the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Both proposed algorithms give approximately the same result. Experimental dependences of the calculation time of auto- and crosscorrelation functions from the length of the digital sequence and the maximum possible period are established. The period search algorithm in a digital sequence, that use the cross-correlation function of its components, is more efficient due to fewer calculations.
Conclusions. For the first time, two periodicity search algorithms in digital sequences with block error-correcting based on the determination of their correlation functions are obtained. The application of the developed algorithms in practice allows, under partial a priori uncertainty of the type and parameters of the error-correcting code, to determine the period of digital sequences in real time even at large values of the period, and based on it, to identify the type and parameters of block error-correcting codes.
PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF THE SUPPORTING FREQUENCY SIGNAL OF THE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN CONTINUOUS MODE
Authors: Turovsky A. L. , Drobik O. V. 
Published: July 2021

Context. One of the features of satellite communication systems is the advantageous use in them during the reception of the signal in the continuous mode of phase modulation of signals intended for the transmission of useful information. The use of this type of modulation requires solving the problem of estimating the carrier frequency of the signal. And the estimation itself is reduced to the problem of estimating the frequency of the maximum in the spectrum of a fragment of a sinusoidal signal against the background of additive Gaussian noise. The article considers the process of estimating the carrier frequency of a signal by a satellite communication system in a continuous mode according to the rule of maximum likelihood.
Objective. Development of a procedure for estimating the carrier frequency of a signal received by a satellite communication system in a continuous mode according to the maximum likelihood rule.
Method. The procedure proposed in the work and the algorithm developed on its basis allows to estimate the carrier frequency according to the rule of maximum likelihood, taking into account the conditions of uncertainty of all signal parameters by the satellite communication system in continuous mode.
The results. For the purpose of practical introduction of the specified algorithm in operating schemes of satellite communication, schemes of its hardware realization are offered in work. To illustrate the ratio of the limits of the minimum limiting variance of the carrier frequency estimate, the paper presents dependencies that allow comparing the minimum limiting variance defined by the lower Cramer-Rao boundary and the minimum limiting variance determined taking into account all signal parameters.
Conclusions. Analysis of these dependences showed that in real conditions the minimum dispersion of the carrier frequency of the signal according to the rule of maximum likelihood received by the satellite communication system in continuous mode with uncertainty of all signal parameters may differ significantly from the minimum dispersion obtained by applying the lower Kramer-Rao boundary. Prospective research, development and creation of algorithms and techniques aimed at estimating the carrier frequency at the minimum limiting variance in the conditions of uncertainty of all parameters of the received signal should be aimed at the maximum approximation of the minimum limiting variance of the estimated carrier frequency to the lower Cramer-Rao boundary to estimate the carrier frequency under conditions of certainty of other signal parameters.
DELAY MODELS BASED ON SYSTEMS WITH USUAL AND SHIFTED HYPEREXPONENTIAL AND HYPERERLANGIAN INPUT DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Tarasov V. N. , Bakhareva N. F. 
Published: July 2021

Context. In the queueing theory, the study of systems with arbitrary laws of the input flow distribution and service time is relevant because it is impossible to obtain solutions for the waiting time in the final form for the general case. Therefore, the study of such systems for particular cases of input distributions is important.
Objective. Getting a solution for the average delay in the queue in a closed form for queuing systems with ordinary and with shifted to the right from the zero point hyperexponential and hypererlangian distributions in stationary mode.
Method. To solve this problem, we used the classical method of spectral decomposition of the solution of the Lindley integral equation. This method allows to obtaining a solution for the average delay for two systems under consideration in a closed form. The method of spectral decomposition of the solution of the Lindley integral equation plays an important role in the theory of systems G/G/1. For the practical application of the results obtained, the well-known method of moments of probability theory is used.
Results. For the first time, a spectral decomposition of the solution of the Lindley integral equation for systems with ordinary and with shifted hyperexponential and hyperelangian distributions is obtained, which is used to derive a formula for the average delay in a queue in closed form.
Conclusions. It is proved that the spectral expansions of the solution of the Lindley integral equation for the systems under consideration coincide; therefore, the formulas for the mean delay will also coincide. It is shown that in systems with a delay, the average delay is less than in conventional systems. The obtained expression for the waiting time expands and complements the wellknown incomplete formula of queuing theory for the average delay for systems with arbitrary laws of the input flow distribution and service time. This approach allows us to calculate the average delay for these systems in mathematical packages for a wide range of traffic parameters. In addition to the average waiting time, such an approach makes it possible to determine also moments of higher orders of waiting time. Given the fact that the packet delay variation (jitter) in telecommunications is defined as the spread of the waiting time from its average value, the jitter can be determined through the variance of the waiting time.
The amphibians and reptiles of the Altamaha River, Georgia
Authors: Stevenson Dirk J. , Stackhouse Jill 
Published: July 2021

Field surveys of 59 sites conducted in 1999–2012 and a review of existing museum specimens documented 29 species of amphibians (13 salamanders, 16 anurans) and 36 species of reptiles (1 crocodilian, 5 lizards, 19 snakes, 11 turtles) from the Altamaha River, Georgia and lowland habitats within its associated floodplain. Field sampling methods including visual encounter surveys, dipnetting, frog call surveys, and binocular/canoe/swim surveys for turtles. All were conducted in several distinct habitat types: The river mainstem, the river floodplain (which includes bottom-land hardwood forest, alluvial swamps, and oxbow lakes), and perennial seepages associated with north-facing bluffs. Biogeographically, the Altamaha River is a notable influence on the distributions of many amphibians and reptiles. Pitvipers are mostly absent in floodplain habitats along the river; the absence of what is generally perceived as a common semi-aquatic viper (Cotttonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus) from floodplain wetlands along much of the Altamaha River is intriguing and merits further study. Continued investigations and regular monitoring of reptilian and amphibian populations along the Altamaha River, a remarkable Coastal Plain stream and a wilderness waterway par excellence, are warranted.
Vertical structure use by the Stout Iguana (Cyclura pinguis) on Guana Island, BVI
Authors: Cheek Christopher A. , Hlavaty Shay , Mougey Krista , Perkins Rebecca N. , Peyton Mark A. , Ryan Caitlin N. , Zavaleta Jennifer C. , Boal Clint W. , Perry Gad 
Published: July 2021

The Stout Iguana (Cyclura pinguis) is a critically endangered species endemic to the Puerto Rico Bank and currently restricted to the British Virgin Islands (BVI). Our study on Guana Island, BVI, focused on vertical structure use by adult (n = 4) and juvenile (n = 11) iguanas with tracking bobbins. We recorded structure types used, heights attained on structures, distances between structures, and structure sizes. We found that Stout Iguanas used vertical structure more than previously documented. Trees comprised a significantly greater (P < 0.001) proportion of structures used by juveniles than by adults, whereas rocks comprised the greatest proportion of structures used by adults. In addition to differential structure use, juveniles climbed significantly higher (2.4 vs. 0.9 m on average; P < 0.001) than adults. We found no difference in the diameter or distance between structures used by adults and juveniles. Our results suggest that vertical structure use may be an important habitat element for free-ranging juvenile Stout Iguanas. Habitat management that provides vertical structure may be advantageous for the conservation of this species.
Chinese Alligators
Authors: Liu Victor H. 
Published: July 2021

I present previously unpublished data on the breeding habits and related conservation efforts on behalf of the endangered endemic Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis) collected through interviews and observations conducted at the Changxing Nature Reserve & Breeding Center for Chinese Alligators. The objective of this study was to provide additional material to supplement that presented in the most current and comprehensive English-language literature on the species. Conservation efforts on behalf of the Chinese Alligator are hindered by heavily polluting industries, such as coal-fired power plants and battery plants, which affect all local fauna. In addition, captive population satistics at Changxing and Xuancheng breeding centers have changed since 2010. Additional observations of the Chinese Alligator include nesting behaviors, ovipositioning, and temperature and humidity conditions in nests. I observed experiments comparing temperature-dependent sex determination to that in the closely related American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). I provide information on reintroduction efforts by both Chinese captive breeding centers in different wild zones and discuss definitioono of "wild," with which Chinese Alligator reintroduction efforts do not conform. Further species conservation efforts should be facilitated by a master plan and studbook, implemented to maximize genetic variation and minimize the effects of inbreeding depression in captive populations with few founders.