bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LF1 regulates the lateral organs polarity development in rice
Authors: Zhang Ting , You Jing , Zhang Yi , Yao Wanyue , Chen Wenbo , Duan Qiannan , Xiao Wenwen , Ye Li , Zhou Yue , Sang Xianchun , Ling Yinghua , He Guanghua , Li Yunfeng 
Published: January 2021

Summary

The patterning of adaxial–abaxial tissues plays a vital role in the morphology of lateral organs, which is maintained by antagonism between the genes that specify adaxial and abaxial tissue identity. The homeo‐domain leucine zipper class III (HD‐ZIP III) family genes regulate adaxial identity; however, little information is known about the physical interactions or transcriptionally regulated downstream genes of HD‐ZIP III.

In this study, we identified a dominant rice mutant, lateral floret 1 (lf1), which has defects in lateral organ polarity. LF1 encodes the HD‐ZIP III transcription factor, which expressed in the adaxial area of lateral organs.

LF1 can activate directly the expression of LITTLE ZIPPER family gene OsZPR4 and HD‐ZIP II family gene OsHOX1, and OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 respectively interact with LF1 to form a heterodimer to repress the transcriptional activity of LF1. LF1 influences indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content by directly regulating the expression of OsYUCCA6. Therefore, LF1 forms negative feedback loops between OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 to affect IAA content, leading to the regulation of lateral organs polarity development.

These results reveal the cross‐talk among HD‐ZIP III, LITTLE ZIPPER, and HD‐ZIP II proteins and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarity development of lateral organs.
Low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diets in body weight control: A recurrent plaguing issue of fad diets?
Authors: Schutz Yves , Montani Jean‐Pierre , Dulloo Abdul G. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe most appropriate type of diets to maintain or lose body weight over the medium to long term has been a matter of controversy and debates for more than half a century. Both voluntarily and coercive food restriction, resulting in negative energy and macronutrient balance and hence weight loss, have not been designed to be maintained for the long term. By contrast, when a classical and traditional type of alimentation is consumed in ad lib conditions (e.g., the Mediterranean “diet”), it generally provides an appropriate nutritional density of essential macronutrients and micronutrients; it is hence appropriate for long‐term use, and it provides several benefits for health if the compliance of the individuals is maintained over time. In this short review, we focus on four specific aspects: first, the need to agree on a clear definition of what is “low” versus “high” in terms of total carbohydrate intake and total fat intakes, both generally inversely related, in a representative individual with a certain lifestyle and a certain body morphology; second, the importance of discussing the duration over which it could be prescribed, that is, acute versus chronic conditions, focusing on the comparison between the fashion and often ephemeral low‐carbohydrate diet (acute) with the well‐recognized traditional Mediterranean type of alimentation (chronic), which includes lifestyle changes; third, the particular metabolic characteristics induced by the low‐carbohydrate (high fat) diet, namely, the scramble up of ketone bodies production. The recent debate on ketogenic diets concern whether or not, in iso‐energetic conditions, low‐carbohydrate diets would significantly enhance energy expenditure. This is an issue that is more “academic” than practical, on the ground that the putative difference of 100–150 kcal/day or so (in the recent studies) is not negligible but within the inherent error of the methodology used to track total energy expenditure in free living conditions by the doubly labeled water technique. Fourth, the potential medical risks and shortcomings of ingesting (over the long term) low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diets could exacerbate underlying renal dysfunction, consecutive to the joint combination of high‐fat, high‐protein diets, particularly in individuals with obesity. This particular diet promotes metabolic acidosis and renal hyperfiltration, which ultimately may contribute to a significant reduction in life expectancy in middle‐age people.
Wittgenstein and Phenomenology
Authors: Waal Deva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper1, I give a clarification and interpretation of Wittgenstein’s use of ‘phenomenology’ and of his ‘phenomenological period’. During his phenomenological period (1929–1930), Wittgenstein used the term ‘phenomenology’ in a positive sense for his own work. He later rejected the term, however, by giving ‘phenomenology’ a second, negative sense. Some interpreters suggest that Wittgenstein’s ideas about phenomenology ‘went underground’ as a synonym for grammar.2I investigate this connection between grammar and phenomenology, and sketch the historical context of Wittgenstein’s conception of phenomenology by comparing it with Mach’s earlier and Husserl’s contemporaneous use of the term.
When Outcomes are not Enough: An Examination of Abductive and Deductive Logical Approaches to Risk Analysis in Aviation
Authors: Stogsdill Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile airlines generate massive amounts of operational data every year, the ability to use the collected material to improve safety has begun to plateau. With the increasing demand for air travel, the aviation industry is continually growing while simultaneously being required to ensure the level of safety within the system remains constant. The purpose of this article is to explore whether the traditional analysis methods that have historically made aviation ultra‐safe have reached their theoretical limits or merely practical ones. This analysis argues that the underlying logic governing the traditional (and current) approaches to assess safety and risk within aviation (and other safety critical systems) is abductive and therefore focused on creating explanations rather than predictions. While the current “fly‐fix‐fly” approach has, and will continue to be, instrumental in improving what (clearly) fails, alternative methods are needed to determine if a specific operation is more or less risky than others. As the system grows, so too does the number of ways it can fail, creating the possibility that more novel accidents may occur. The article concludes by proposing an alternative approach that explicitly adds temporality to the concepts of safety and risk. With this addition, a deductive analysis approach can be adopted which, while low in explanatory power, can be used to create predictions that are not bound to analyzing only outcomes that have occurred in the past but instead focuses on determining the deviation magnitude between the operation under analysis and historically commensurate operations.
Trade liberalization, selection, and technology adoption with vertical linkages
Authors: Navas Antonio , Nocco Antonella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the role played by vertical linkages on the effects of trade liberalization on technology upgrading, average productivity, and welfare in a model of trade with heterogeneous firms. We find that the strength of vertical linkages shapes the effects that trade liberalization produces on firms’ survival and technology upgrading decisions, having an impact on the average productivity of the economy, and ultimately, on welfare. Our calibration results show that vertical linkages, technology upgrading, and their interaction magnify the effects of trade liberalization on average productivity and welfare.
Effectiveness of oral health educational interventions on oral health of visually impaired school children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bhor Ketaki B. , Vinay Vineet , Ambildhok Kadambari , Shetty Vittaldas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of newer and traditional oral health education (OHE) methods in improving oral health knowledge, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status of visually impaired children.MethodologyComprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Open Gray from 2010 to 2020 for studies in English language. Two reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility criteria, and data extraction was performed. Quality assessment of selected studies was executed according to the study designs. A meta‐analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultsTwenty‐four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and out that 11 in meta‐analysis. Cumulative standardized mean difference for plaque (Silness and Loe, 1964) and gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) was −0.45 (−0.88, −0.02, p = 0.04) and −0.54 (−1.10, 0.03, p = 0.06), respectively favoring newer OHE group as compared to traditional OHE group. Comparison of different newer OHE methods had similar effects on the oral health of visually impaired children.ConclusionThe study period of included studies was short‐term, so long‐term effectiveness could not be assessed, however newer OHE methods were effective in improving plaque and gingival scores over a short period.
Multi‐level governance and central‐local tensions: The issue of local discretion in long‐term care policy in Italy
Authors: Arlotti Marco , Parma Andrea , Ranci Costanzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWelfare reforms introduced at national level and implying changes in service provision are often managed by local authorities, and this fact paves the way for strong local‐central tensions. One of the sources of such tensions is the spread of local discretion in the implementation of central programs. In current literature, local discretion has been considered as a way not only to preserve local autonomy but also to capture central resources or to shift cost burdens upwards. This opportunistic behaviour is especially spread in countries characterized by weak vertical coordination in their multi‐level governance system. This paper investigates the dynamics of local discretion as a specific phenomenon relating to central‐local tensions by observing the implementation of an innovative national long‐term care program (Home Care Premium), in a national context (Italy) characterized by a high degree of institutional fragmentation. The findings show that, in spite of the programme's centralistic orientation and generous funding, specific discretionary practices have been extensively adopted by local authorities to develop strategies aimed at shifting the costs of local service provision towards central funding. Using a specific measure of local discretion, we examine first the territorial distribution of discretion over the country. Then, a regression model is developed to explain to what extent local discretion is explained by demand‐side, supply‐side or policy legacy factors. Results show the relevance of territorial socio‐economic inequalities in explaining local discretion and related cost‐shifting behaviours by local authorities located in poorest, highly deprived areas.
The Welfare Agenda of the Populist Radical Right in Western Europe: Combining Welfare Chauvinism, Producerism and Populism*
Authors: Abts Koen , Dalle Mulle Emmanuel , van Kessel Stijn , Michel Elie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship on the populist radical right tends to imprecisely describe the welfare agenda of this party family with reference to its key ideological characteristics of nativism, authoritarianism, and populism. We propose an alternative analytical framework that considers the multidimensionality of welfare state positions and the “deservingness criteria” that underlie ideas about welfare entitlement. Applying this framework to a sample of four European populist radical right parties, we conclude that three interrelated frames inform their welfare agenda. These parties, we argue, advocate social closure not only on the basis of the deservingness criterion of identity (welfare chauvinism), but also on criteria of control, attitude, and reciprocity (welfare producerism) and on an antagonism between the people and the establishment (welfare populism). Understanding the welfare agenda of the populist radical right requires us to move beyond welfare chauvinism and to reconsider the concept of welfare producerism and its interaction with welfare chauvinism.
Student Perceptions of educational handovers
Authors: Heidemann Lauren A. , Schiller Jocelyn H. , Allen Brittany , Hughes David T. , Fitzgerald James T. , Morgan Helen K. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundEducational handovers can provide competency information about graduating medical students to residency program directors post‐residency placement. Little is known about students’ comfort with this novel communication.ObjectiveTo examine graduated medical students’ perceptions of educational handovers.MethodsThe authors created and distributed an anonymous survey to 166 medical students at a single institution following graduation in the spring of 2018. Within this cohort, 40 students had an educational handover sent to their future program director. The survey explored comfort level with handovers (1=very uncomfortable; 5=very comfortable) and ideal content (e.g., student strengths, areas for improvement, goals, grades received after residency application). Respondents self‐reported their performance in medical school and whether a handover was sent. Correlation analyses examined relationships between performance and other variables. T‐tests examined differences between students who did and did not have a handover letter sent.ResultsThe survey response rate was 40.4% (67/166) — 47.8% of students felt comfortable with handovers, 19.4% were neutral, and 32.8% were uncomfortable. There was no correlation between self‐reported medical school performance and comfort level. Respondents felt most strongly that strengths should be included, followed by goals. Those who had a handover letter sent expressed significantly higher comfort level (3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 2.6 ±1.3, p=0.003) with this communication.ConclusionMedical students reported varying levels of comfort with educational handovers; however, those who had handovers sent had more positive perceptions. In order to improve the education continuum, it is essential to engage students in the development of this handover communication.
Is low‐level laser therapy useful as an adjunctive treatment for canine acral lick dermatitis? A randomized, double‐blinded, sham‐controlled study
Authors: Schnedeker Amy H. , Cole Lynette K. , Diaz Sandra F. , Lorch Gwendolen , Rajala‐Shultz Päivi J. , Jennings Ryan N. , Hostnik Eric T. , Daniels Joshua B. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundConventional therapy for canine acral lick dermatitis (ALD) consists of systemic antibiotics and anti‐anxiety medications. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive therapy used to treat inflammatory and painful conditions.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine whether LLLT with conventional therapy would be beneficial as an adjunct treatment for ALD. We hypothesized that LLLT and conventional therapy combined would result in a greater reduction in licking Visual Analog Score (LVAS) compared to conventional therapy alone. Secondary objectives were to assess change in lesion/ulcer size, thickness and hair growth.AnimalsThirteen dogs with a skin lesion consistent with ALD.Methods and materialsDogs were randomly assigned to two groups. All dogs received systemic antibiotics and trazodone. The treatment group (TG) received LLLT by laser (130 mW, 2 min) with blue and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), while the control group (CG) had sham therapy (laser/LEDs off). Treatments were administered three times weekly for two weeks, then twice weekly for two weeks for a total of 10 visits. Descriptive statistics were performed (mean, median); primary and secondary objectives were assessed with nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test), with significance set atP < 0.05.ResultsThirteen dogs (six CG, seven TG) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in median LVAS, lesion/ulcer size or thickness of the ALD lesion between TG and CG. There was a significantly greater increase (24%) in hair growth in TG (P = 0.0081) compared to CG.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTreatment of ALD requires multimodal therapy. Although combining LLLT with conventional therapy did not result in a significantly greater reduction in LVAS, there was a significant increase in hair growth compared to conventional therapy alone.
Clinical signs and diagnosis of feline atopic syndrome: detailed guidelines for a correct diagnosis
Authors: Santoro Domenico , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie M. , Prost Christine , Mueller Ralf S. , Jackson Hilary 
Published: January 2021

摘要背景猫特应性综合征(FAS)涵盖了一系列超敏反应疾病, 以高度多样化的临床表现为特征, 包括皮肤、胃肠道和呼吸系统。这些疾病包括猫特应性皮肤综合征(FASS), 其中超敏反应通常与环境过敏原相关, 尽管食物过敏可能同时存在。也可能累及其他器官系统 (如哮喘)。由于其高度异质性的临床表现, FASS的诊断可能具有挑战性。目的国际动物过敏性疾病委员会(ICADA)的一个亚组的任务是总结FASS临床表现的最新信息, 并制定诊断指南。方法检索在线引文数据库和国际会议摘要中与猫过敏相关的出版物。必要时结合专家意见。结果共找出107篇与本综述相关的出版物。汇编这些资料能够制定FASS临床特征的详细描述和制定指南, 重点是系统性消除具有相似临床特征的其他皮肤疾病。由于皮肤科医生经常使用过敏试验来支持FASS的临床诊断, 因此还对这些方法进行了简要综述。结论和临床重要性与犬特应性皮炎相似, FASS的临床诊断是基于相符的临床症状,并排除具有相似临床特征的其他疾病。在确诊FASS之前, 必须消除或排除跳蚤/跳蚤过敏、其他寄生虫、感染和食物过敏。
A corpus‐based approach to Chinese English lexis
Authors: Qin Melissa Xiaohui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study approaches the currency of Chinese English lexis from two perspectives. First, it creates a linguistic profile of 408 high‐frequency Chinese English terms extracted from the Chinese English Dictionary (CED) corpus by conducting a systematic coding and a statistical calculation of their linguistic features and by comparing the quantitative results with numerical distributions in the extant literature. Second, it evaluates the currency of 3484 Chinese English words in CED against six established corpora of world Englishes in GloWbE and ICE by calculating their frequency statistics in these six corpora and re‐evaluates the suitability of GloWbE and ICE for lexical variation by comparing the quantitatively different results generated by the two corpora. Findings of the study cast light on the tendencies of the linguistic behavior of the well‐assimilated Chinese English items and on the nature and feature of the variety data in GloWbE and ICE in the world Englishes scenario.
Stochastic Response of Hysteresis System Under Combined Periodic and Stochastic Excitation Via the Statistical Linearization Method
Authors: Kong Fan , Spanos Pol D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA statistical linearization approach is proposed for determining the response of the single-degree-of-freedom of the classical Bouc–Wen hysteretic system subjected to excitation both with harmonic and stochastic components. The method is based on representing the system response as a combination of a harmonic and of a zero-mean stochastic component. Specifically, first, the equation of motion is decomposed into a set of two coupled non-linear differential equations in terms of the unknown deterministic and stochastic response components. Next, the harmonic balance method and the statistical linearization method are used for the determination of the Fourier coefficients of the deterministic component, and the variance of the stochastic component, respectively. This yields a set of coupled algebraic equations which can be solved by any of the standard apropos algorithms. Pertinent numerical examples demonstrate the applicability, and reliability of the proposed method.
The Flemish Interactive Coaching Monitoring System
Authors: Ponnet Hans , Vangrunderbeek Hans , McCarthy Liam 
Published: January 2021

As large-scale coach education programs receive a growing amount of attention and investment (e.g., human and financial resources), the case for increased understanding of their impact is a pressing matter. In this paper, the authors outlined the creation of the Flemish Interactive Coaching Monitoring System (FICOMS) within the Flemish School for Coach Education (Belgium). The FICOMS is a data warehouse consisting of multiple databases, which was set up in 2019 to integrate data on coach education and coach certifications (1960–present), active coaches within club-organized sports (2014–present) and sport clubs, sports participants, and sports infrastructure. The FICOMS provides a variety of interactive and externally facing dashboards with useful statistics on coach education and coaching in Flanders. For example, the evolution of dropout ratios of qualified versus nonqualified coaches in sports clubs and sports federations can be identified, as well as the evolution of the percentage of qualified coaches in a specific sport, sports federation, or gender, or regional differences. By describing the main characteristics of FICOMS and sharing some emerging insights and early possibilities, the authors aimed to clarify the potential of this information technology for different stakeholders, such as governments, policymakers, sports federations, Olympic committees, education partners, municipalities, and researchers.
Musculoskeletal injury in military Special Operations Forces: a systematic review
Authors: Stannard Joanne , Fortington L 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionSpecial Operations Forces conduct military activities using specialised and unconventional techniques that offer a unique and complementary capability to conventional forces. These activities expose Special Operations Forces personnel to different injury risks in comparison with personnel in the conventional forces. Consequently, different injury patterns are expected in this population. The purpose of this research is to establish high-level evidence informing what is known about musculoskeletal injury epidemiology in Special Operations Forces.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using three online databases to identify original studies reporting musculoskeletal injury data in Special Operations Forces. A critical appraisal tool was applied to all included studies. Descriptive data were extracted for demographics, study design details and injuries (eg, injury frequency, injury type, body part injured, activity, mechanism, severity). Results were narratively synthesised.ResultsTwenty-one studies were included. Trainees conducting qualification training had the highest injury frequency, up to 68% injured in a training period. The ankle, knee and lumbar spine were the most common body parts affected. Parachuting caused the most severe injuries. Physical training was the most common activity causing injury, accounting for up to 80% of injuries. Running and lifting were common injury mechanisms. Injury causation information was frequently not reported. Partially validated surveillance methods limited many studies.ConclusionsInjuries are prevalent in Special Operation Forces. Future research should prioritise identifying injury causation information that supports prevention. Focus on improving surveillance methods to enhance the accuracy and comparison of results across cohorts is also recommended.