bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP) on ovarian maturation in Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Penaeidae) from the Mediterranean Sea off Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Gaber Ibrahim , Latyshev Oleg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study searches to provide appropriate conditions to trigger spawning in Penaeus semisulcatus in aquaculture. The aim was to test the effect of 17β-oestradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone on ovarian maturation and to study the correlation between the different stages of ovarian maturation and hormonal levels in the ovaries, hepatopancreas, and haemolymph. Female shrimps were collected from Ras El-Tin beach and the fishing port to Abu Qir Bay of the Mediterranean Sea off Alexandria, Egypt from June 2018-August 2019. Shrimps were individually weighed and subsequently killed by thermal shock at a maximum temperature of 45°C. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were calculated. The correlation between the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices indicates the presence of endogenous and exogenous vitellogenesis. The haemolymph, hepatopancreas, and ovaries were studied by stereo- and electron microscopy. From 15 females in each season the mentioned tissues were isolated for the extraction and quantification of steroid hormones during the different stages of gonadal maturation using radioimmunoassay. An ecdysteroid- and steroid-extraction protocol was applied. Aliquots were collected from the haemolymph to identify 17β-oestradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by mass spectrometry. Five stages of gonadal maturation were observed. The hepatopancreas was formed by a set of tubules lined with pseudostratified epithelium composed of five cell types, cell E (undifferentiated), cell F (fibrillar), cell B (vesicular), R (reabsorbing), and M (basal) cells. Steroidogenic tissues were small in size and numerous. The ultrastructure of the ovary and hepatopancreas were studied during oocyte development. There was a high concentration of 17β-oestradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in stages I and II of ovarian maturation, coinciding with the preparation phase for vitellogenesis. A progressive decrease of these steroid hormones occurred during the course of gonadal maturation, and reached its lowest concentration in the spawning period. The ecdysone concentration did not fluctuate in ripe females. Its level increases from stages I-IV of vitellogenesis onward.
Comparative analysis of growth performance, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, reared at two different conditions
Authors: Chen Cuiying , Nie Xiaofeng , Cheng Yu , Shen Jiajian , He Xianda , Wang Shuqi , You Cuihong , Li Yuanyou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to analyse the growth performance, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) reared in two conditions. Here, a new indoor polypropylene tank culture system and a traditional outdoor pond cage facility were used to perform feeding experiments on juvenile crabs. After eight weeks, the survival rate, weight gain, moulting rate and feed efficiency of crabs cultured in polypropylene tanks were markedly higher than those cultured in pond cages. Moreover, the activities of serum acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the antioxidant indices including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hepatopancreas were higher in crabs cultured in the polypropylene tank system than those in pond cages. Based on these results, compared with the traditional pond cages, the polypropylene tank culture system is more suitable for the short-term culture of mud crabs.
Two Historicisms: Unpacking the Rules of Reproduction Debate
Authors: Moreno Zacarés Javier 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Knafo and Teschke’s provocative essay ‘Political Marxism and the Rules of Reproduction of Capitalism’ has prompted considerable debate. From a position of critical support, the present article intervenes in this debate by making three interrelated points. First, the structuralist–historicist divide that Knafo and Teschke identify is misleading and should be reformulated. Though the duality is real, this divide is best understood as a continuum between two kinds of historicism: a structural and an institutional historicism. Second, the article contextualises Knafo and Teschke’s intervention against the backdrop of their own intellectual development. Rather than returning to the tradition’s historicist origins, they have in fact stretched Political Marxism’s institutional tendencies to new limits. Third, the article concludes with a revision of their critique of the concept of market dependence. It is argued that the concept can be salvaged for the purposes of institutional historicism provided that it is rearticulated.
The Pitfalls of the Italian Response to the International Obligations of Criminalisation of Gender Violence
Authors: Ippolito Francesca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gender oriented international law has historically been at the basis of the development of international sources of coercive obligations for addressing gender violence at the national level. The nature of these obligations range from implicit and presupposed obligations stemming from a framing of intimate partner violence as a serious human rights violation by the international jurisprudence of the ad hoc criminal tribunals as well as by the cedaw Committee and the ECtHR case law, on one hand and, on the other hand, explicit sources of the enactment of national criminal legislation for sanctioning any form of gender violence codified in the Istanbul and Lanzarote Conventions. In the light of such international rationale behind the obligation of criminalisation of gender violence, Italy’s full national compliance proposed and the choice to ‘neutralize’ the symbolic function of criminalisation will be queried and possible remedies for missing profiles of implementation will be proposed.
Subjective Character as the Origo a Quo of Phenomenal Consciousness
Authors: Banick Kyle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article contributes to the debate on self-consciousness, inner awareness, and subjective character. Philosophers puzzle over whether subjective character has a monadic or a relational form. But the present article deploys formal ontology to show that this is a false dichotomy. From this vantage, a common objection to non-relational views is deflated. The common objection is that one-level, non-relational views are either unexplanatory or smuggle in resources from higher-order and/or relational views. The author uses an argument from formal ontology to suggest that such objections stem from a category error. The result is that first-order non-relational views need not lapse into higher order or relational views – subjective character can be a structured and intrinsic feature involved in the ontological constitution of mental acts. Ultimately, the author emphasizes the need to conceive of subjective character as the source of intentionality, and not the result of a prior intentional relation.
Anthologizing Chinese Literature and Reinventing Literary Canons
Authors: Yu Shuang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In view of the importance of canon formation in the rewriting of Chinese literary history and the role of translation anthologies in constructing literary canons, this article examines the process of canonization represented in the anthologies of Renditions from 1973 to 2020. It observes the literary works that the Renditions’ anthologies attempt to build into canons and delves into the reasons behind the canon building. It concludes that the anthologies of Renditions challenge and subvert the literary canons established by the Chinese mainland, while trying to reconstruct and even popularize new canons from a Hong Kong perspective. Moreover, Renditions’ efforts to anthologize Chinese literature open up new possibilities for future canon formation and pave the way for a more comprehensive revision of Chinese literary history.
Performance status and trial site-level factors are associated with missing data in palliative care trials: An individual participant-level data analysis of 10 phase 3 trials
Authors: Hussain Jamilla A , White Ian R , Johnson Miriam J , Bland Martin , Currow David C 
Published: September 2021

Background: Missing data compromise the internal and external validity of trial findings, however there is limited evidence on how best to reduce missing data in palliative care trials. Aim: To assess the association between participant and site level factors and missing data in palliative care trials. Design and setting: Individual participant-level data analysis of 10 phase 3 palliative care trials using multi-level cross-classified models. Results: Participants with missing data at the previous time-point and poorer performance status were more likely to have missing data for the primary outcome and quality of life outcomes, at the primary follow-up point and end of follow-up. At the end of follow-up, the number of site randomisations and number of study site personnel were significantly associated with missing data. Trial duration and the number of research personnel explained most of the variance at the trial and site-level respectively, except for the primary outcome where the amount of data requested was most important at the trial-level. Variance at the trial level was more substantial than at the site level across models and considerable variance remained unexplained for all models except quality of life at the end of follow-up. Conclusion: Participants with a poorer performance status are at higher risk of missing data in palliative care trials and require additional support to provide complete data. Performance status is a potential auxiliary variable for missing data imputation models. Reducing trial variability should be prioritised and further factors need to be identified and explored to explain the residual variance.
Systemic lupus erythematosus children in Egypt: Homeland spectrum amid the global situation
Authors: Eesa Nahla N , Abdel Nabi Hend , Owaidy Rasha El , Khalifa Iman , Radwan Ahmed R , NourEl-Din Abeer M , Amer Marwa A , ElShereef Rawhya R , Hassan Eman , Ismail Faten , El-Gazzar Iman I , Khalil Noha M , Moshrif Abdel Hafeez , Abualfadl Esam , Tharwat Samar , Fathi Hanan M , Abd Elazeem Mervat I , El-Shebini Emad , Samy Nermeen , Noshy Nermeen , El-Bahnasawy Amany S , Abdalla Ahmed M , Abousehly Osama S , Mohamed Eman F , Nasef Samah I , Elsaman Ahmed M , ElKhalifa Marwa , Salem Mohamed N , Abaza Nouran M , Fathy Hanan M , Abdel Salam Nancy , El-Saadany Hanan M , El-Najjar Amany R , El-Hammady Dina H , Hammam Nevin , Mohammed Reem HA , Gheita Tamer A ,   on behalf of the Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR) SLE Study Group
Published: September 2021

Objectives This study aims to present the manifestations of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) across Egypt, to focus on age at onset and gender-driven influence on disease characteristics, and to compare findings to other countries. Methods The study included 404 Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting to one of the specialized rheumatology centers corresponding to 13 major governorates. Juvenile cases age was ≤ 16°years at the time of recruitment. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and damage index (DI) were assessed. Results The mean age was 13.2 ± 2.4°years; 355 females and 49 males (7.2:1), and the disease duration was 2.3 ± 1.6 years, while age at disease onset was 11.1 ± 2.5°years. Their SLEDAI was 13.5 ± 12.3, and DI, 0.36 ± 0.78. The overall estimated prevalence of childhood-SLE patients in the recruited cohort in Egypt was 1/100,000 population (0.24/100000 males and 1.8/100000 females). 7.4% developed pre-pubertal SLE (≤ 7 years); 73.3%, peri-pubertal; and 19.3% during early adolescence. The differences according to age group were equal for gender and clinical manifestations except skin lesions present in 59.3% of pre-pubertal onset, 74.6% of peri-pubertal, and 84.2% of adolescents ( p = 0.029), and renal involvement in 73.8% of peripubertal, 62.1% of pre-pubertal and 58.9% of adolescents ( p = 0.03). Laboratory investigations, SLEDAI, and DI were similar among age categories. Lupus nephritis was more common in Egypt compared to JSLE from other countries. Conclusion Our large multicenter study identified that female gender influenced disease characteristics with more frequent skin involvement. Skin lesions were significantly higher in adolescents, while renal involvement in peri-pubertal children.
Subjective and objective clinical outcomes of a new trifocal toric intraocular lens and effect of femtosecond laser cataract surgery
Authors: Donmez Oya , Asena Bilgehan Sezgin , Aydin Akova Yonca 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of life following implantation of PanOptix toric intraocular lens (IOL) and to compare the outcomes following femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and standard cataract surgery (SCS). Methods: This comparative retrospective study included 79 eyes of 55 patients underwent cataract or refractive lens exchange surgery between April 2017 and January 2020 in Bayindir Hospital and Kaskaloglu Eye Hospital. Corneal (CA) and refractive astigmatism (RA), uncorrected visual acuities for distant, intermediate, and near (UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA), low contrast distance visual acuity, rotational stability, defocus curves, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), visual function-14 (VF-14) test, presence of dysphotopsia, and need for spectacles were evaluated at postoperative third month. Outcomes were compared between FLACS and SCS group. Results: The mean UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA were 0.05 ± 0.07, 0.08 ± 0.08, and 0.06 ± 0.07 logMAR, respectively. All patients achieved ⩾0.3 logMAR uncorrected visual acuity for all distances. UDVA was found significantly better in FLACS group ( p = 0.03). All eyes had ⩽1 D of subjective postoperative RA. Defocus curve had two peaks at 0 and −1.50 D. Spectacle independence was achieved in 88.7% of patients. Photopic and mesopic CS was within normal range in all patients. The mean VF-14 score was 98 ± 2. The mean IOL axis rotation was 2.1° ± 2.3°. Only one patient reported seeing disturbing halos. Conclusions: This trifocal toric IOL effectively reduced refractive astigmatism and provided excellent visual outcomes with high spectacle independence, patients’ satisfaction, and good rotational stability. FLACS might have an impact on optimal postoperative results.
Nonresponder bias in hand surgery: analysis of 1945 cases lost to follow-up over a 6-year period
Authors: Stirling Paul H. C. , Jenkins Paul J. , Ng Nathan , Clement Nicholas D. , Duckworth Andrew D. , McEachan Jane E. 
Published: September 2021

The primary aim of this study was to identify factors associated with nonresponse to routinely collected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after hand surgery. The secondary aim was to investigate the impact of nonresponder bias on postoperative PROMs. We identified 4357 patient episodes for which the patients received pre- and 1-year postoperative questionnaires. The response rate was 55%. Univariate and regression analyses were undertaken to determine factors predicting nonresponse. We developed a predictive model for the postoperative Quick version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores for nonresponders using imputation. Younger age, increasing deprivation, higher comorbidity, worse preoperative QuickDASH scores and unemployment predicted nonresponse. No significant difference in mean postoperative QuickDASH score was observed between the responders, and the scores for the responders combined with the predicted scores for the nonresponders. Preoperative function was the primary predictor of postoperative outcome. These results challenge the dogma that ‘loss to follow-up’ automatically invalidates the results of a study. Level of evidence: III
Prospective Isolation and Characterization of Chondroprogenitors from Human Chondrocytes Based on CD166/CD34/CD146 Surface Markers
Authors: Vinod Elizabeth , Padmaja Kawin , Livingston Abel , James Jithu Varghese , Amirtham Soosai Manickam , Sathishkumar Solomon , Ramasamy Boopalan , Rebekah Grace , Daniel Alfred Job , Kachroo Upasana 
Published: September 2021

Purpose Chondrocytes, isolated from articular cartilage, are routinely utilized in cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of cartilage pathologies. However, restoration of the biological tissue faces hindrance due to the formation of primarily fibrocartilaginous repair tissue. Chondroprogenitors have been reported to display superiority in terms of their chondrogenic potential and lesser proclivity for hypertrophy. In line with our recent results, comparing chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes, we undertook isolation of progenitors from the general pool of chondrocytes, based on surface marker expression, namely, CD166, CD34, and CD146, to eliminate off-target differentiation and generate cells of stronger chondrogenic potential. This study aimed to compare chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, CD34−CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes, and CD34−CD166+CD146− sorted chondrocytes. Methods Chondrocytes obtained from 3 human osteoarthritic knee joints were subjected to sorting, to isolate CD166+ and CD34− subsets, and then were further sorted to obtain CD146+ and CD146− cells. Chondrocytes and fibronectin adhesion-derived chondroprogenitors served as controls. Assessment parameters included reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, trilineage differentiation, and total GAG/DNA content. Results Based on gene expression analysis, CD34−CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors displayed comparability and significantly higher chondrogenesis with a lower tendency for hypertrophy when compared to chondrocytes and CD34−CD166+CD146− sorted chondrocytes. The findings were also reiterated in multilineage potential differentiation with the 146+ subset and chondroprogenitors displaying lower calcification and chondroprogenitors displaying higher total GAG/DNA content compared to chondrocytes and 146− cells. Conclusion This unique progenitor-like population based on CD34−CD166+CD146+ sorting from chondrocytes exhibits efficient potential for cartilage repair and merits further evaluation for its therapeutic application.
Trochlear Development in Children From 1 Month to 10 Years of Age: A Descriptive Study Utilizing Analysis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Pagliazzi Gherardo , Ellermann Jutta M. , Carlson Cathy S. , Shea Kevin G. , Arendt Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Understanding the morphology of cartilage/bony maturation in preadolescents may help explain adult trochlear variation. Purpose: To study trochlear morphology during maturation in children and infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-four pediatric cadaveric knees (10 male and 14 female knees; age, 1 month to 10 years) were included. High-resolution imaging of the distal femoral secondary ossification center was performed using 7-T or 9.4-T MRI scanners. Three-dimensional MRI scans were produced, and images were reformatted; 3 slices in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes images were analyzed, with coronal and sagittal imaging used for image orientation. Biometric analysis included lateral and medial trochlear height (TH); cartilaginous sulcus angle (CSA); osseous sulcus angle (OSA); trochlear depth; and trochlear facet (TF) length symmetry. Sex comparisons were considered when ≥1 specimen from both sexes of the same age was available; these included 11 knees spanning 4 age groups (ages 1, 3, 4, and 7 years). Results: The analysis of trochlear morphology showed a lateral TH greater than the medial TH at all ages. The thickest cartilage was found on the lateral TF in the younger specimens. Regarding the development of osseous and cartilaginous trochlear contour, a cartilaginous sulcus was present in the 3-month-old specimen and continued to deepen up to the age of 4 years. The shape of the osseous center evolved from round (1 month) to oval (9 months) to rectangular (2 years); no distinct bony trochlear sulcus was present, although a well-formed cartilaginous sulcus was present. The first evidence of formation of a bony sulcus was at 4 years. By the age of 7 to 8 years, the bony contour of the adult distal femur resembled its cartilaginous contour. Female samples had a shallower CSA and OSA than did the male ones in all samples that had a defined OSA. Conclusion: Female trochlear grooves tended to be shallower (flatter). The lateral trochlea was higher (TH) and wider (TF length) during growth than was the medial trochlea in both sexes; furthermore, the development of the osseous sulcus shape lagged behind the development of the cartilaginous sulcus shape in the authors’ study population. Clinical Relevance: Bony anatomy of the trochlear groove did not match the cartilaginous anatomy in preadolescent children, suggesting that caution should be used when interpreting bony anatomy in this age group.
Implementation of an Injury Prevention Program in NCAA Division I Athletics Reduces Injury-Related Health Care Costs
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Pontillo Marisa , Farooqi Ali S. , Trofa David P. , Sennett Brian J. 
Published: September 2021

Background: The estimated cost per year of injuries in collegiate athletics has been reported to be billions of dollars in the United States. Injury prevention programs are often assessed only by their ability to reduce injuries, and there is little evidence of any potential reduction in associated health care costs. Purpose: To investigate changes in injury-related health care costs at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university after the implementation of an injury prevention program. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 12 sports teams that used the injury prevention program (user group) and 16 teams that did not implement the program (nonuser group). The injury surveillance and prevention system (Sparta Science) utilized a commercially available force-plate system to assess kinematic variables, flag high-risk athletes, and guide individual conditioning programs. Data were obtained from 3 academic years before (2012-2014) and 2 academic years after (2015-2016) implementation of the Sparta Science system. The number of injuries and associated health care costs (surgery, clinic visits, imaging, and physical therapy) were compared between users and nonusers. Results: Total average annual injuries did not change significantly between users and nonusers after implementation of the program; however, users demonstrated a 23% reduction in clinic visits as compared with a 14% increase for nonusers ( P = .049). Users demonstrated a 13% reduction in associated health care encounters, compared with a 13% increase for nonusers ( P = .032). Overall health care costs changed significantly for both groups, with an observed 19% decrease ($2,456,154 to $1,978,799) for users and an 8% increase ($1,177,542 to $1,270,846) for nonusers ( P < .01 for both). Costs related to associated health care encounters also decreased by 20% for users as compared with a 39% increase for nonusers ( P = .027). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce injury-related health care costs in NCAA Division I athletes via a comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention program utilizing force-plate technology. Given the substantial and appropriate focus on value of care delivery across the US health care system, we recommend the continued study of sports injury surveillance and prevention programs for reducing injury-related health care costs.