bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the effect of giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources on biodiversity in semi-natural pastures? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Envall Ida , Bengtsson Jan , Jakobsson Simon , Rundlöf Maj , Åberg Charlotte , Lindborg Regina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pastures are relatively low in productivity. Hence, to increase profitability, farmers may want to give the grazing animals access to additional nutrient sources. This can be done either as supplementary feeding, or by fencing the semi-natural pastures into the same enclosure as improved, more nutrient-rich, pastures. These practices are, however, controversial. It is argued that since semi-natural pastures are species-rich partly because they are nutrient-poor, introducing additional nutrients into the system should be avoided. Accordingly, in Sweden, these interventions are often prohibited while receiving financial subsidies for management of semi-natural pastures. However, since many farmers are dependent on such support to maintain their pastures, these prohibitions often cause problems. The question has been raised whether giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources really affect the biodiversity in semi-natural pastures, as is assumed. The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to answer this question.

Method
Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched for using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites and stakeholder contacts. The references will be screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. The criteria will be tested and clarified iteratively, until consistency in interpretations is achieved. Thereafter, the literature will be screened in two stages, first based upon title and abstract and then by examining full texts. Full text screening will be performed with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers. Each relevant study will then be critically appraised, based on a set of predefined validity criteria. A narrative synthesis will be provided, outlining the evidence base in terms of bibliographic information and study metadata. If possible, quantitative syntheses based on meta-analyses will be performed. Identified relevant knowledge gaps will be highlighted and discussed.
Reducing the risk of tuberculosis transmission for HCWs in high incidence settings
Authors: Paleckyte Ana , Dissanayake Oshani , Mpagama Stella , Lipman Marc C. , McHugh Timothy D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of hospital-acquired TB infection due to persistent exposure toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed an international system of infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions to interrupt the cycle of nosocomial TB transmission. The guidelines on TB IPC have proposed a comprehensive hierarchy of three core practices, comprising: administrative controls, environmental controls, and personal respiratory protection. However, the implementation of most recommendations goes beyond minimal physical and organisational requirements and thus cannot be appropriately introduced in resource-constrained settings and areas of high TB incidence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) the lack of knowledge, expertise and practice on TB IPC is a major barrier to the implementation of essential interventions. HCWs often underestimate the risk of airborneMtbdissemination during tidal breathing. The lack of required expertise and funding to design, install and maintain the environmental control systems can lead to inadequate dilution of infectious particles in the air, and in turn, increase the risk of TB dissemination. Insufficient supply of particulate respirators and lack of direction on the re-use of respiratory protection is associated with unsafe working practices and increased risk of TB transmission between patients and HCWs. Delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment are commonly influenced by the effectiveness of healthcare systems to identify TB patients, and the availability of rapid molecular diagnostic tools. Failure to recognise resistance to first-line drugs contributes to the emergence of drug-resistantMtbstrains, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistantMtb. Future guideline development must consider the social, economic, cultural and climatic conditions to ensure that recommended control measures can be implemented in not only high-income countries, but more importantly low-income, high TB burden settings. Urgent action and more ambitious investments are needed at both regional and national levels to get back on track to reach the global TB targets, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
An eye tracking study: positive emotional interface design facilitates learning outcomes in multimedia learning?
Authors: Peng Xian , Xu Qinmei , Chen Yufan , Zhou Chenying , Ge Yuqing , Li Na 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnlike the other studies on emotional design in multimedia learning, the present study differentiated the two confounding variables of visual interface design and structured content to manipulate the instructional material. Specifically, we investigated how the visual aesthetics of positive emotional interface design influenced learners’ cognitive processes, emotional valences, learning outcomes, and subjective experience. Eighty-one college students took part in the experimental study. They were divided into the three experimental groups: a holistic layout of positive emotional design group (HPED), a local layout of positive emotional design group (LPED), and a neutral emotional design group (ND). By using a mixed approach of questionnaires and eye tracking, we further explored the differences among the three groups in cognitive processing, learning outcomes, and subjective experience. Results indicated that the LPED group invested higher cognitive effort, put more attentional focus in the relevant knowledge content module, and achieved better learning performance (i.e., retention and transfer tests) in contrast to the HPED group and the ND group. However, no significant difference in dynamic changes of emotional state among the three groups was detected. The analytical results can provide researchers and practitioners with valuable insights into the positive emotional design of multimedia learning, which allows for the facilitation of mental engagement, learning outcomes and subjective perception.
Screening of antidiabetic and antioxidant potential along with phytochemicals of Annona genus: a review
Authors: Chowdhury Shadman Sakib , Tareq Abu Montakim , Tareq Syed Mohammed , Farhad Saifuddin , Sayeed Mohammed Abu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Annona species can be found in the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. Because of their medicinal capabilities and highly exotic edible fruits, they are one of the most important members of the Annonaceae family. Isoquinolines, pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloids, lectins, acetogenins, and volatile oils are among the active metabolites found in this genus, all of which have been shown to have anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.

Main body
The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity based on reported secondary data from different plants of the genus Annona. These species include Annona cherimola, Annona squamosa, Annona macroprophyllata, Annona muricate, Annona reticulata, Annona carcans, Annona coriacea, Annona cornifolia, and Annona senegalensis. The Annona species investigated had significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties.

Conclusion
The available evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, confirms the ability of Annona species to treat diabetes in addition to producing oxidative damage.
3D constrained inversion of gravity and magnetic data to image basement and plutonic bodies: A case study from Dood Arale Basin, eastern Somaliland
Authors: Ali Mohammed Y. , Geng Meixia , Fairhead James Derek , Adan Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

We have developed 3D inversion models derived from airborne gravity and magnetic data, which are constrained by seismic and well data, in eastern Somaliland. The density model reveals a northwest–southeast-trending basin, 125 km long and 25 km wide and called the Dood Arale Basin. The basin comprises two subbasins separated by a basement high and is infilled by up to 2500–3200 m of sediments. Smaller and shallower subbasins are also identified to the west of Lafaweyne and northeast of Dararweyne. The density model shows that the top basement in the platform areas is at approximately 1500–1700 m in depth and shallows to approximately 300 m at the Bur Anod, Hagraajin, and Hagrin Ranges and northwest of Eil Afwein. The basement depths in these areas are more uncertain and could be deeper because they occur in areas of high gravity anomalies caused by a combination of near-surface high-density sediments and high-density plutonic bodies within the basement. The susceptibility model indicates that the basement consists of very weakly magnetized metasediments of the Inda Ad Complex intruded by three northeast–southwest-trending magnetic bodies with upper surfaces at depths of approximately 300–3000 m. These magnetic bodies are interpreted as plutonic complexes of similar age and composition to the Lower Cretaceous syenite intrusions outcropping at Gorei in the Shilah Madu Range. Seismic reflection profiles image the sedimentary sequences, but they do not clearly map the top basement or detect any of the plutonic bodies. The plutonic bodies could have controlled the location of the basin’s border faults and contributed to the high geothermal gradient recorded at the Faro Hills-1 well. The Upper Cretaceous Gumburo and Jesomma Formations in the basin could potentially have reached maturation close to and above the plutonic bodies within the center of the basin.
Improving the hydrogeologic conceptualization of a remote semiarid palaeovalley groundwater system using airborne electromagnetics, seismic refraction and reflection, and downhole nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Flinchum Brady , Peeters Luk , Munday Tim , Cahill Kevin 
Published: July 2021

A hydrogeologic conceptualization is critical to understand, manage, protect, and sustain groundwater resources, particularly in regions where data are sparse and accessibility is difficult. We used airborne electromagnetics (AEM), shallow seismic reflection and refraction, and downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs to improve our understanding of an arid groundwater system influenced by palaeovalleys. We found that there is a limited connection between the palaeovalley and fractured bedrock aquifers because they are separated by a spatially variable layer of saprolite, which is the layer of chemically altered rock on top of the fractured bedrock. The AEM data provided an estimate of the top of the saprolite but failed to effectively image the bottom. In contrast, the seismic data provided an estimate of the bottom of the saprolite but failed to image the top. This geophysical combination of electrical and seismic data allowed us to map saprolite thickness in detail along a 1.7 km long transect that runs perpendicular the main trunk of a well-defined palaeovalley. These data indicate that the palaeovalley is lined with a heterogeneous layer of saprolite (approximately 3–120 m thick) that is thickest near its edges. Despite the observed variability, only a small percentage of the fractured bedrock aquifer (8%–17%) appears to be in contact with the palaeovalley aquifer. Furthermore, the lack of an elastic boundary at the top of saprolite suggests that the porosity of the saprolite is similar to the palaeovalley sediments — an observation that is supported by the downhole NMR-derived water contents. The electrical change at the top of saprolite is caused by a combination of a decrease in total dissolved solids of the groundwater in the saprolite and a change in pore structure associated weathering in situ versus transported weathered materials. The presence of saprolite, which commonly behaves as an aquitard, may limit the groundwater exchange between the palaeovalley and bedrock aquifers, with implications for the regional groundwater resource potential.
Management of the Axilla in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) and ASCO Guideline
Authors: Brackstone Muriel , Baldassarre Fulvia G. , Perera Francisco E. , Cil Tulin , Chavez Mac Gregor Mariana , Dayes Ian S. , Engel Jay , Horton Janet K. , King Tari A. , Kornecki Anat , George Ralph , SenGupta Sandip K. , Spears Patricia A. , Eisen Andrea F. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSETo provide recommendations on the best strategies for the management and on the best timing and treatment (surgical and radiotherapeutic) of the axilla for patients with early-stage breast cancer.METHODSOntario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) and ASCO convened a Working Group and Expert Panel to develop evidence-based recommendations informed by a systematic review of the literature.RESULTSThis guideline endorsed two recommendations of the ASCO 2017 guideline for the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer and expanded on that guideline with recommendations for radiotherapy interventions, timing of staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and mapping modalities. Overall, the ASCO 2017 guideline, seven high-quality systematic reviews, 54 unique studies, and 65 corollary trials formed the evidentiary basis of this guideline.RECOMMENDATIONSRecommendations are issued for each of the objectives of this guideline: (1) To determine which patients with early-stage breast cancer require axillary staging, (2) to determine whether any further axillary treatment is indicated for women with early-stage breast cancer who did not receive NAC and are sentinel lymph node–negative at diagnosis, (3) to determine which axillary strategy is indicated for women with early-stage breast cancer who did not receive NAC and are pathologically sentinel lymph node–positive at diagnosis (after a clinically node-negative presentation), (4) to determine what axillary treatment is indicated and what the best timing of axillary treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer is when NAC is used, and (5) to determine which are the best methods for identifying sentinel nodes. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Changes in Serum Calcium and Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism During Pregnancy and Lactation: A Single-center Case Series
Authors: Wang Jia-Jia , Wang Ou , Wang Ya-Bing , Yang Jing , Song An , Jiang Yan , Li Mei , Xia Wei-Bo , Xing Xiao-Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypoparathyroidism (hypo-PT) is rare, and studies on hypo-PT, especially during pregnancy and lactation, are limited.

Design and Setting
This was a retrospective study on a relatively large case series in a single center from mainland China.

Methods
A total of 19 patients with 25 pregnancies, diagnosed with hypo-PT before pregnancy, were enrolled. Data on clinical characteristics and treatment strategies at onset time and around pregnancy period were collected.

Results
During pregnancy, except for 2 patients with missing data, 5 patients with 6 pregnancies (6/23, 26.1%) experienced improved hypo-PT condition, defined as an increased serum calcium level; 4 patients with 4 pregnancies (4/23, 17.4%) experienced worsened hypo-PT condition, defined as a more than 0.2 mmol/L decline in the serum calcium level; and 3 patients with 3 pregnancies (3/23, 13.0%) remained in stable hypo-PT condition. The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 30.4% (4/23 for preterm delivery; 3/23 for miscarriage). The serum calcium and 24-hour urine calcium levels significantly increased during lactation compared with pregnancy (2.57 ± 0.34 vs 1.99 ± 0.11 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.001; 12.28 ± 5.41 vs 8.63 ± 3.22 mmol/L, P = 0.013), and 5 patients with 5 lactations (5/12, 41.7%) developed hypercalcemia in the first 2 months after delivery.

Conclusions
Female patients with hypo-PT had different changes in calcium homeostasis and a high prevalence of adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Thus, they should be monitored closely to maintain the optimal serum calcium level. Decreasing drug dosage during the lactation period should be considered to avoid hypercalcemia.
Children and Law in the Shadows: Legal Ideologies and Personal Strategies in Response to Parental Abductions in Japan
Authors: Alexy Allison 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn contemporary Japan, police and law enforcement are often reluctant to assist in family conflicts. In practice, law enforcement and the family law system offer little assistance for people struggling with family conflicts in particular, following the logic that “law does not belong in families.” This article examines the informal, familial, financial, and social means people use to solve what might be called “family problems” when formal legal assistance is foreclosed. Operating as alternatives to the legal system, these strategies nevertheless are structured directly in response to the formal legal system, what it supports and allows. The article uses theorizations of legal consciousness, law's “shadows,” and “order without law” to compare strategies and reactions of Japanese citizens and foreigners engaging the legal system in Japan. It argues that the written and unwritten rules surrounding Japanese family law reward those who seek solutions outside of formal channels, thereby co-constructing the legal system as unable to solve family conflicts. Linking individual strategies with outcomes, it concludes that family members who expect less assistance from the formal legal system often end up winning more.
Transduction of rat and human adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells by adeno-associated viral vector serotype DJ
Authors: Zubkova Ekaterina S. , Beloglazova Irina B. , Ratner Elizaveta I. , Dyikanov Daniyar T. , Dergilev Konstantin V. , Menshikov Mikhail Yu. , Parfyonova Yelena V. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Ex vivo, gene therapy is a powerful approach holding great promises for the treatment of both genetic and acquired diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a safe and efficient delivery system for modification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that could maximize their therapeutic benefits. Assessment of MSC viability and functional activity after infection with new AAV serotypes is necessary, due to AAV tropism to specific cell types. We infected human and rat adipose-tissue MSC with hybrid AAV-DJ serotype vectors carrying GFP and SCF genes. GFP expression from AAV-DJ was about 1.5-fold superior to that observed with AAV-2 and lasted for at least 21 days as was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. AAV-DJ proves to be suitable for the infection of rat and human MSC with a similar efficiency. Infected MSC were still viable but showed a 25-30% growth-rate slowdown. Moreover, we found an increase of SERPINB2 mRNA expression in human MSC while expression of other oxidative stress markers and extracellular matrix proteins was not affected. These results suggest that there is a differential cellular response in MSC infected with AAV viral vectors, which should be taken into account as it can affect the expected outcome for the therapeutic application.
Building bridges between fields: bringing together development and homeostasis
Authors: Weterings Sonja D. C. , van Oostrom Marek J. , Sonnen Katharina F. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite striking parallels between the fields of developmental biology and adult tissue homeostasis, these are disconnected in contemporary research. Although development describes tissue generation and homeostasis describes tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells at the single-cell level and establishment of patterns at the tissue-wide level. Here, we emphasize that the general principles of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis are similar, and argue that interactions between these disciplines will be beneficial for both research fields.
Phosphorylation in the intrinsically disordered region of F-BAR protein Imp2 regulates its contractile ring recruitment
Authors: Willet Alaina H. , Igarashi Maya G. , Chen Jun-Song , Bhattacharjee Rahul , Ren Liping , Cullati Sierra N. , Elmore Zachary C. , Roberts-Galbraith Rachel H. , Johnson Alyssa E. , Beckley Janel R. , Gould Kathleen L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The F-BAR protein Imp2 is an important contributor to cytokinesis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Because cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the central intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the Imp2 paralog Cdc15 controls Cdc15 oligomerization state, localization and ability to bind protein partners, we investigated whether Imp2 is similarly phosphoregulated. We found that Imp2 is endogenously phosphorylated on 28 sites within its IDR, with the bulk of phosphorylation being constitutive. In vitro, the casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms Hhp1 and Hhp2 can phosphorylate 17 sites, and Cdk1 (also known as Cdc2) can phosphorylate the remaining 11 sites. Mutations that prevent Cdk1 phosphorylation result in precocious Imp2 recruitment to the cell division site, and mutations designed to mimic these phosphorylation events delay Imp2 accumulation at the contractile ring (CR). Mutations that eliminate CK1 phosphorylation sites allow CR sliding, and phosphomimetic substitutions at these sites reduce Imp2 protein levels and slow CR constriction. Thus, like Cdc15, the Imp2 IDR is phosphorylated at many sites by multiple kinases. In contrast to Cdc15, for which phosphorylation plays a major cell cycle regulatory role, Imp2 phosphorylation is primarily constitutive, with milder effects on localization and function.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Characterization of lipoprotein lipase storage vesicles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Roberts Benjamin S. , Yang Chelsea Q. , Neher Saskia B. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a secreted triglyceride lipase involved in the clearance of very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons from circulation. LPL is expressed primarily in adipose and muscle tissues and transported to the capillary lumen. LPL secretion is regulated by insulin in adipose tissue; however, few studies have examined the regulatory and trafficking steps involved in secretion. Here, we describe the intracellular localization and insulin-dependent trafficking of LPL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We compared LPL trafficking to the better characterized trafficking pathways taken by leptin and GLUT4 (also known as SLC2A4). We show that the LPL trafficking pathway shares some characteristics of these other pathways, but that LPL subcellular localization and trafficking are distinct from those of GLUT4 and leptin. LPL secretion occurs slowly in response to insulin and rapidly in response to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. This regulated trafficking is dependent on Golgi protein kinase D and the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase ARF1. Together, these data give support to a new trafficking pathway for soluble cargo that is active in adipocytes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.