bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Cortex Plasticity Response to Acute Cardiorespiratory Exercise and Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation is Attenuated in Premanifest and Early Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Andrews Sophie C. , Curtin Dylan , Coxon James P. , Stout Julie C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) mouse models suggest that cardiovascular exercise may enhance neuroplasticity and delay disease signs, however, the effects of exercise on neuroplasticity in people with HD are unknown. Using a repeated-measures experimental design, we compared the effects of a single bout of high-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, or rest, on motor cortex synaptic plasticity in 14 HD CAG-expanded participants (9 premanifest & 5 early manifest) and 20 CAG-healthy control participants, using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Measures of cortico-motor excitability, short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation were obtained before and after a 20-minute bout of either high-intensity interval exercise, moderate-intensity continuous exercise, or rest, and again after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). HD participants showed less inhibition at baseline compared to controls. Whereas the control group showed increased excitability and facilitation following high-intensity exercise and iTBS, the HD group showed no differences in neuroplasticity responses following either exercise intensity or rest, with follow-up Bayesian analyses providing consistent evidence that these effects were absent in the HD group. These findings indicate that exercise-induced synaptic plasticity mechanisms in response to acute exercise may be attenuated in HD, and demonstrate the need for future research to further investigate exercise and plasticity mechanisms in people with HD.
Annotation and Classification of Graphs of Property Values Reported in Material Science Literature
Authors: Iinuma Naoki , Kuniyoshi Fusataka , Ozawa Jun , Miwa Makoto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Building a system for extracting information from the scientific literature is an important research topic in the field of inorganic materials science. However, conventional extracting systems have a limitation in that they do not extract characteristic values from non-textual components, such as charts, diagrams, and tables, which provide key information in many scientific documents. Although there have been several studies on identifying the characteristic values of graphs in the literature, there is no general method that classifies graphs according to the property conditions of the values in the field of materials science. Therefore, in this study, we focus on the graphs that are figures representing graphically numerical data, such as a bar graph and line graph, as the first step towards developing a framework for extracting material property information from such non-contextual components. We propose deep-learning-based classification models for identifying the types of graph properties, such as temperature and time, by combining graph images, text in graphs, and captions in neural networks. To train and evaluate the models, we construct a material graph dataset with different types of material properties from a large collection of data from journals in the field of materials science. By using cloud sourcing, we annotated 16,668 images in about 3 days. Our experimental results demonstrate that the best model can achieve high performance with a micro-averaged F-score of 0.961.
Evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of Iso-mukaadial acetate on breast and ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Raphela-Choma Portia P , Simelane Mthokozisi BC , Choene Mpho S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Natural compounds derived from various medicinal plants may activate several physiological pathways which can be valuable to diseases such as cancer. Isomukaadial acetate has previously been shown to possess antimalarial and anti-diabetic properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of isomukaadial acetate on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines.

Method

Cell viability assays were conducted using AlamarBlue assay and xCELLigence system. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined and analyzed by flow cytometer. Effector caspase (3/7) activation was evaluated by caspase Glo®-3/7 reagent and gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Results

The Alamar blue assay and xCELLigence showed that Iso-mukaadial acetate exhibited anti-proliferative effects on MDA-MB 231, RMG-1, and HEK 293 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Iso-mukaadial acetate induced apoptosis in both cancer cell lines caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase (RMG-1) and early G2 phase (MDA-MB 231) and expressed caspase 3/7 activity in MDA-MB 231 and RMG-1 cells.

BAX and p21 were upregulated in MDA-MB 231 and RMG-1 cells after treatment.

Conclusion

IMA significantly inhibited cancer growth and induced cell apoptosis with cell cycle modulation. IMA may be considered a promising candidate for the development of anticancer drugs either for its cytotoxic or cytostatic effect Furthermore, IMA requires to be further studied more to clearly understand its mechanism of action on cancer cells.
Comparison of clinical findings and CT scan in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia based on disease severity
Authors: Hesam-Shariati Sonia , Mohammadi Susan , Abouzaripour Morteza , Mohsenpour Behzad , Zareie Bushra , Fathi Fardin , Sheikholeslomzadeh Hana , shariati mohamad bakhtiar hesam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe pneumonia and highly impact general health. We aimed to investigate different clinical features and CT scan findings of patients with COVID-19 based on disease severity to have a better understanding of this disease. For this purpose, 90 patients with coronavirus were examined retrospectively, which were divided into three categories based on the severity of the disease: mild/moderate, severe, and very severe. It has been shown that mean age and duration of hospitalization of patients increased with increasing the severity of disease. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath, cough, and fever. As the severity of the disease increased from mild/moderate to very severe, there was an increase in neutrophile counts and a decrease in lymphocytes and white blood cells (WBC) showing excessive inflammation associated with severe forms of COVID-19. Subpleural changes (81%) and ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) lesions (73%) of the lung were the most common features among CT images of COVID-19 patients, and interlobular septal thickening (10%) was the lowest CT feature among patients. Regarding the affected parts of the lung in COVID-19 patients, bilaterial, peripheral and multiple lesions had the highest prevalence. Overall, it has been shown that clinical, laboratory and CT scan findings vary in COVID-19 patients based on disease severity, which need to be considered carefully in early diagnosis and treatment of this illness.
Fungi Anaesthesia
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Gandia Antoni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrical activity of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is characterised by slow (hours) irregular waves of baseline potential drift and fast (minutes) action potential likes spikes of the electrical potential. An exposure of the mycelium colonised substrate to a chloroform vapour lead to several fold decrease of the baseline potential waves and increase of their duration. The chloroform vapour also causes either complete cessation of spiking activity or substantial reduction of the spiking frequency. Removal of the chloroform vapour from the growth containers leads to a gradual restoration of the mycelium electrical activity.
OSI-906 Restores The Sensitivity of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma To Cisplatin By Targeting The IGF1R/AKT Pathway
Authors: Liu Li , Liang Changyan , Zhuo Chenya , Jiang Huiyun , Ye Huixia , Ruan Tianyuan , Song Jiao , Jiang Senwei , Zhang Yu , Li Xiaomao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Among the various histologic subtypes of ovarian cancers (OCs), ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) represents a great challenge due to its disease aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. IGF1 is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and IGF1 pathway activation is related to the chemoresistance of various cancers. In this study, we found that the expression level of IGF1 was higher in OCCC than in the most common type of OC, high-grade serous adenocarcinoma (HGSC). Then, we investigated the role of IGF1 pathway activation in the progression of OCCC, observing that activation of the IGF1 pathway using IGF1 promoted the proliferation and migration of ES2 cells, while inactivation of the IGF1 pathway using the selective IGF1R inhibitor OSI-906 reversed the alteration mediated by IGF1. Based on the role of the IGF1 pathway in cancer chemoresistance, we proposed that OSI-906 may restore the sensitivity of OCCC to cisplatin. We first validated that IGF1 increased the IC50 value of cisplatin in ES2 cells, while OSI-906 decreased it. Then we confirmed that IGF1 decreased the apoptosis rate of ES2 cells induced by cisplatin, while OSI-906 increased it. Finally, we conducted animal experiments to investigate whether OSI-906 helps cisplatin control the growth of OCCC. As expected, OSI-906 increased the effect of cisplatin in attenuating the growth of OCCC in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that using OSI-906 may be an effective method to restore the sensitivity of OCCC to cisplatin by targeting the IGF1R/AKT pathway.
Fertilization and Development of Conjoined Human Oocyte from a Binovular Follicle Containing Two Individual Oocytes Surrounded by a Zona Pellucida
Authors: Jiao Guangzhong , Wang Jianhua , Chen Lili , Shan Yinghua , Xing Hua , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most reliable definition of conjoined oocytes is the inclusion of two oocytes within a common zona pellucida(ZP) or their fusion in the zonal region. Because the available data are extremely limited, the significance of conjoined oocytes in IVF laboratory setting has been questionable. We analyzed the characteristics of 18 patients with conjoined oocytes in our center. The maturation of conjoined oocytes were asynchronous. Most of the cases were that one oocyte in each pair of conjoined oocytes was in the MII stage and the other was in the GV stage. The maturation rate and fertilization rate of conjoined oocytes were significantly lower than that of normal oocytes. There was no significant difference in the rate of cleavage and D3 High-quality embryo, but the rate of blastocyst formation of conjoined oocytes decreased significantly. The area of larger oocytes in conjoined oocytes was not different from that of normal oocytes, and its companion was significantly smaller than that of normal oocytes. The mean ZP thickness of all oocytes, larger or smaller, was significantly thinner than that of normal oocytes. After analyzing the clinical characteristics of the patients, it was suggested that the higher estrogen level or the more number of maturation follicles on HCG day were more likely to promote the emergence of conjoined oocytes.
Exploring Patient Perceptions of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stillianesis G , Cavaleri R , Summers SJ , Tang CY 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, represents a novel avenue for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in chronic pain conditions, the clinical uptake of rTMS remains limited. One plausible reason for this discrepancy may be a lack of understanding regarding patient perceptions and their willingness to engage with rTMS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore patient perceptions of rTMS as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study utilised a semi-structured interview to explore overall knowledge, pre-conceived concerns and attitudes regarding rTMS as a treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. All participants had a diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal pain, a history of seeking treatment, and no prior experience with rTMS. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Majority of the participants were willing to consider the use of rTMS as a treatment option, with most having high expectations regarding the effectiveness of the treatment due to its sophisticated appearance. Acceptance to utilise rTMS was influenced by knowledge of pain, cost and travel, and the perceived sophistication of the intervention.Conclusions: This is the first qualitative study to the authors’ knowledge that explores the perception of rTMS as a treatment among people with chronic musculoskeletal pain, a key gap in the current literature. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears to be accepted as a treatment option amongst individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Adequate levels of funding support, accessibility and the need for medical professions to endorse the treatment are important considerations that influenced uptake. Developing targeted strategies to address these considerations may encourage use of rTMS in a clinical chronic pain setting.
Design, Characterization, X-ray Single-crystal, Potentiometric Measurements, Molecular Modeling and Biomedical Applications of Thiosemicarbazones
Authors: El-Sherif Ahmed , El-Sisi Abeer A. , Ali Mohamed , Ramdan Sohair F. , AlTaweel Osama , El-Mageed Ahmed I. A. Abd 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Series of thiosemicarbazone compounds ((E)-2-((E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (TSC1), (E)-N-ethyl-2-((E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (TSC2) and (E)-N-phenyl-2-((E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide)(TSC3) were synthesized and fully characterized by assistance of diverse physicochemical and spectroscopic tools like X-ray single-crystal, IR, mass, 1HNMR, Uv-Vis,…etc. potentiometric measurements, molecular modeling, as well as biological and antitumor activities screening. We have calculated and discussed the thermodynamics and protonation constants of TSC1 compound as a representative from the novel synthesized thiosemicarbazones. The solution speciation of different species was studied in accordance with pH. Molecular parameters of the optimized structures were calculated and discussed. The X-ray single crystal of TSC2 and TSC3 compounds have been established where TSC2 crystallizes in P21/c, a = 11.2343 (6) Å, b = 11.2575 (7) Å, c =11.8995 (8) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 94.476(7) °, γ = 90.0°, V = 1500.34 (16) Å3, Z = 4, however, TSC3 crystallizes in the space group P21/c, a = 27.958 (12) Å, b= 12.072 (5) Å, c = 9.833 (4) Å, α = 90.0°, β = 93.117(11) °, γ = 90.0°, V = 3486.75 Å3, Z = 7. Considering the antimicrobial activities and correlating structure-activity relationship for the synthesized compounds, TSC1 molecule behaves as a promising candidate as an antifungal agent versus Candida albicans. Consequently, that would be very helpful in the field of medicinal chemistry especially as antimicrobial agents. The results are of vital significance to the chemistry of antimicrobial agents.
Limited Effects on Patient Outcomes of Conjoint Tendon Release in Anterolateral Muscle-Sparing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: tanaka hidetatsu , Yamada Norikazu , Kurishima Hiroaki , Mori Yu , Sakamoto Takashi , Oyama Masamizu , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The anterolateral muscle-sparing total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the supine position is advantageous owing to the very low-dislocation rate and excellent leg length discrepancy control. However, femur exposure is challenging. Although the conjoined external rotators tendon (CERT) release is effective in improving femoral access, the effects on clinical outcomes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of CERT release in the anterolateral muscle-sparing THA approach.Methods: The study was performed as a retrospective cohort study and included 85 hips in 85 patients who underwent primary anterolateral THA. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were investigated 6 months and 1 year after THA (CERT-preserved and non-released patients). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score, JOA Hip-disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), forgotten joint score (FJS) and the 36 short-form questionnaires (SF-36 mental and physical) were evaluated. The leg length discrepancy, cup inclination and stem orientation were evaluated with radiographs.Results: Among all the included hips, 37 patients (43.5%) retained the CERT, and 48 patients (56.5%) included the released CERT. There were no significant differences in the JOA hip scores, JHEQ, FJF-12 and SF-36 between the released and non-released groups. There were significant differences in sagittal stem alignments between groups.Conclusion: The CERT release in anterolateral muscle-sparing THA has a limited effect on post-operative clinical outcomes. The CERT release improved the femur exposure and is more invasive than the preserved CERT. We infer that the CERT should be maintained in patients with wide range of motions, and release the CERT in inadequate femur canal preparation cases.
Social Care for the Elder Disabled Women in Urban China: The Roles of Community
Authors: Li Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

This article concentrates on analyzing the community care for urban disabled elderly women. With the emergence of aging society in China and the empty nest Chinese families, the number of the elderly who can't take care of themselves is increasing. With the miniaturization of family size and the weakening of family pension function, the traditional family pension in China is facing great challenges. On the one hand, a growing number of disabled elderly women are in urgent need of care, they have many difficulties in daily life, including poor health status, losing spouses and living alone, cannot support themselves economically, lack of spiritual life, and mostly relying on their children to take care of them. On the other hand, the family's function of providing for the aged is weakened, and the traditional way of care is impacted by the changes of modern society.
Methods

Based on a qualitative study in Beijing, this article examines the demand for care from the disabled elder women and the current supply of community care for the disabled elder women.
Results

After analyzing the demand for care from elder disabled women and current community care, this study puts forward the existing problems and the reasons behind the community care for the disabled elder women. This article discusses that community care system for disabled elderly women in urban areas should focuses on four aspects: life care, medical care, spiritual consolation and emergency assistance.
Conclusions

The urban disabled elder women living care service system should be constructed. It mainly provides daily life care for the disabled elder women, and the main body of the service is home-based elderly care service centre, community day care centre, and the elderly's family members or some volunteers. A protection mechanism should be improved to support elder disabled women from three aspects: protection system, fund guarantee and services from health and social cafe staff.
The Gut Microbiota and Seleno-Compound as Emerging Risk Factors for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tsai Chin-Feng , Huang Pang-Shuo , Shih Ching-Yu , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Hwang Juey-Jen , Tsai Chia-Ti , Chuang Eric Y. , Chang Sheng-Nan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIt has been seemed that the gut microbiome alterations might be proposed as the metabolic disorder. However, the relationship between the microbiome and AMI has not been well validated. Methods The feces of the 44 subjects (AMI: 19; control: 25) were collected for fecal genomic DNAs extraction. The variable region V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA gene was sequencing by the platform of Illumina Miseq. The abundances of metabolites were analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways. ResultsThe abundance of bacteria was more enriched in the AMI group both in the observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and faith phylogenetic diversity (PD) (p-value=0.01 and <0.001 with 95% CI, individually). Selenomonadales was less enriched in the AMI group at the Family, Genus, and Species levels [all linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2]. The seleno-compound was more abundant in the AMI group at the Family, Genus, and Species levels (all LDA scores >2).Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate Selenomonadales and seleno-compound to be associated with the occurrence of AMI. Our findings provide an opportunity for a novel prevention and treatment of AMI.
Force Model for Complex Profile Tool in Broaching Inconel 718
Authors: Ni Jing , Tong Kangcheng , Meng Zhen , Feng Kai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complex profile broaches are widely used in the manufacture of complex parts of aero-engines, but their cutting forces in the broaching process are difficult to predict and control. A new numerical model for broaching force with complex profile tools is presented, which considers the area and arc length of curved shear zone projection. The area and arc length were calculated by the curve function of the projection plane, which is firstly predicted by FEM simulation. Compared with the conventional force model, the accuracy of the modified model has been moderately improved. Ultimately, the modified main broaching force (Y-direction) model and the modified normal force (Z-direction) model show a significant improvement in accuracy by 4.8% and 9.7%, respectively. It suggests that the projection area of curved shear zone A1 and the projection arc length of curved shear zone l1 have a big impact on the broaching process. Moreover, the modified model proposed in this paper can provide guidance for the design of complex profile tools and facilitate the efficient and high-precision machining of complex parts.
The Bovine Foot Skin Microbiota is Associated with Host Genotype and the Development of Infectious Digital Dermatitis Lesions
Authors: Bay V. , Gillespie A. , Ganda E.K. , Evans Nicholas , Carter Stuart , Lenzi L. , Lucaci A. , Haldenby S. , Barden M. , Griffiths B.E. , Sánchez-Molano E. , Bicalho R. , Banos G. , Darby A. , Oikonomou Georgios 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) is a prevalent infectious disease, causing painful foot skin lesions and lameness in cattle. The polymicrobial nature of this disease has led to the hypothesis that the foot skin microbiota may be associated with occurrence and progression of lesions. We describe herein the bovine foot skin microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from 259 dairy cows from three UK dairy farms. We show differences in the foot skin microbiome profiles of clinically healthy animals that were associated with subsequent development of BDD. We also present the first co-occurrence analysis of the bovine foot skin microbiome showing ecological relationships among bacterial species. Taxonomical and functional differences together with alterations in ecological interactions between bacteria in the normal foot skin microbiome may predispose an animal to develop BDD lesions. Using genome-wide association and regional heritability mapping approaches, we provide first evidence for interactions between host genotype and the foot skin microbiota profiles. We show the existence of genetic variation in the relative abundance of Treponema spp. and Peptoclostridium spp. and identify regions in the bovine genome that explain a significant proportion of this variation.