bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology Optimization Design of Filling Bodies in an Umbilical Based on Moving Morphable Components Theory
Authors: Wang Lifu , Yang Zhixun , Yan Jun , Shi Dongyan , Mao Yandong , Zhu Pengcheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Umbilical is an indispensable link of offshore oil & gas resource development equipment for underwater production system, which are mainly composed of functional components such as steel tubes, electric cables and optical cables are in a helically wound structure. Filling bodies are required to support these functional components for improving anti-crushing capacity and fatigue life. Filling bodies have a significant impact on the mechanical and physical properties, which triggers the optimization design of filling bodies. However, the complexity of filling body space brings challenge to the optimization design. Moving Morphable Components (MMC) theory is introduced to topological optimization method in complicated filling body space with the objective of mechanical properties. The results show that the optimized filling bodies can effectively reduce structural weight with the same mechanical properties. Numerical models of cross-sections of umbilicals with the optimized filling bodies are constructed, the cross-sectional mechanical properties are compared with that under the initial filling body form, which can fully verify the feasibility and correctness of this optimization design strategy.
The Potential for Combining Floating Wind Turbines With Point Absorbing Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Skene David M. , Sergiienko Nataliia , Ding Boyin , Cazzolato Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The potential for coupling a cylindrical point absorber type wave energy converter (WEC) to a 5MW spar type floating offshore wind turbine is investigated. The wind and WEC system is modelled in the frequency domain and in two dimensions under the simplifying assumption that wind and waves propagate in the same direction. Coupling of the bodies is considered with respect to all theoretical combinations that might be achieved rather than a single specific design. Results are analysed with respect to the maximum power that the WEC coupling can achieve. It is shown that for mild waves the WEC can theoretically produce power in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 MW, its optimal dimensions are such that the draft and radius are approximately 18.8 m, and that obtaining this power tends to marginally amplify the pitch of the spar.
Optimization of a Torus-Shaped Wave Energy Converter Attached to a Hinged Arm
Authors: Kamarlouei Mojtaba , Hallak Thiago S. , Gaspar Jose F. , Calvário Miguel , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the adaptation of a torus wave energy converter prime mover to an onshore or nearshore fixed platform, by a hinged arm. An optimization code is developed to obtain the best torus and arm geometry, as well as the power take-off parameters, taking as objective function the maximization of total wave absorbed power. In this paper, the power take-off system is modelled as a simplified damper and spring system, where the parameters are optimized for the phase control of the wave energy converter in each sea state, whereas the optimization process is performed with a genetic algorithm. Finally, the optimal result for the productive sea state indicates that the absorbed power is relatively considerable while a better survivability performance is expected from a torus wave energy converter compared to a conventional truncated prime mover.
Experimental Study on Ultimate Strength of Novel Aluminum Alloy Stiffened Panel With Floating Girder
Authors: Sun Kun , Zhang Genglin , Zhu Ling , Xu Liang , Guo Kailing , Chen Haitao , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of high-speed craft, the novel aluminum alloy stiffened panel with floating girder is widely used to achieve light weight ship hull for economic and high performance. While the mechanical properties of this novel structure are rarely studied. In order to investigate the differences of ultimate strength and collapse behavior between the novel aluminum stiffened panel with floating girder and fixed girder, the uniaxial compression experiments of novel aluminum stiffened panel with floating girder and fixed girder were conducted. Test apparatus were designed to accomplish simply supported boundary condition, then the uniaxial compression experiments were performed, eventually the ultimate strength and collapse behavior of different panels were analyzed. The results of the experiments show that the ultimate strength of novel aluminum stiffened panel with floating girder is higher than the panel with fixed girder under uniaxial compression, which means this type of novel aluminum alloy stiffened panel with floating girder applied on the high-speed craft can improve the ultimate strength of the vessel. Furthermore, it was witnessed that the collapse mode of stiffened panel with fixed girder is tripping of web while that of floating panel is bucking of girder.
Head Wave Simulation of a KCS Model Using OpenFOAM for the Assessment of Sea-Margin
Authors: Islam Hafizul , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The paper presents calm water and head wave simulation results for a KRISO Container Ship (KCS) model. All simulations have been performed using the open source CFD toolkit, OpenFOAM. Initially, a systematic verification study has been performed using the ITTC guideline to assess the simulation associated uncertainties. After that, a validation study has been performed to assess the accuracy of the results. Next, calm water simulations have been performed with sinkage and trim free condition at varying speeds. Later, head wave simulations have been performed with heave and pitch free motion. Simulations were repeated for varying wave lengths to assess the encountered added resistance by the ship in design speed. The results have been validated against available experimental data. Finally, power predictions have been made for both calm water and head wave cases to assess the required propulsion power. The paper tries to assess the validity of using 25% addition as sea margin over calm water prediction to consider wave encounters.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Recovery Process of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Huang Weigang , Zhang Donglei , Yu Jiawei , He Tao , Wang Xianzhou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) recovery is considerably influenced by the nearby flow field and simulations of AUV in different motion paths in the wake of a submarine with a propeller are presented in this paper. A commercial CFD solver STAR CCM+ has been used to research the motion and flow characteristics of AUV, which using the advanced computational continuum mechanics algorithms. The DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) SUBOFF Submarine (L1 = 4.356m) propelled with INSEAN (Italian Ship Model Basin) E1619 propeller is used in this study, and the self-propulsion characteristics of the propeller at an incoming flow velocity of 2.75m/s are obtained through numerical simulation and results are compared with the available experimental data to prove the accuracy of the chosen investigation methodology. A grid/time-step convergence test is performed for verification study. AUV (L2 = 0.4356m) is a smaller-scale SUBOFF without a sail, which approaches the submarine in different motion paths in the submarine wake at a relative speed combined with the dynamic overlapping grid technology. The hydrodynamic performance of the AUV when approaching the submarine and the velocity distribution of the surrounding flow field are analyzed, which provides a useful reference for underwater recovery of the AUV.
Numerical Reproduction of the DeRisk Physical Model Tests on a Bottom-Fixed Foundation Exposed to Uni- and Multi-Directional Storm Sea States
Authors: Pierella Fabio , Bredmose Henrik , Dixen Martin , Ghadirian Amin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, we compare the wave and loads statistics for two different sea states with a TP = 15.0[s] on a h = 33.0[m] depth, one with a 10-year return period (HS = 7.5[m]) and one with a 100-year (HS = 9.5[m]). For each sea state, a unidirectional and a multi-directional wave realization was measured experimentally and then reproduced numerically via a fully-nonlinear potential solver. The computed wave kinematics were used to calculate loads on a stiff cylinder with a diameter of D = 7.0[m], and compared with experiments. To perform a quantitative analysis, we extracted 30-minute maxima of the free surface elevation and in-line force, and fitted a Gumbel distribution via a Bayesian methodology. The analysis of the experiments showed that the extreme forcing on a stiff cylinder was larger in the 2D sea state than in the 3D sea state. As for the crest statistics, the 2D were higher than the 3D for the milder storm, while they were quite similar for the stronger storm, likely a consequence of the increased wave breaking, limiting the maximum achievable wave crests. The reproduction of the sea states and associated loads via a fully-nonlinear potential solver was overall able to predict the main trends. However, the 3D wave crests were overestimated for the milder sea state, probably due to a too soft breaking filter. The 2D forces for the larger sea state were on the other hand underestimated, likely due to the lack of a slamming load model. The analysis of the average wave shape leading to the extreme load events showed that in the experiments the extreme events are dominated by physics linked with the particle velocity, and hence in phase with the wave elevation signal, as drag loads, slamming loads and velocity-dependent free-surface intersection loads. On the other hand, in the simulations they are more inertia dominated, hence in phase with the kinematic acceleration signal.
Numerical Simulations of Flows Around Subsea Cover
Authors: Wan Jingyuan , Yin Guang , Liu Shengnan , Ong Muk Chen , Moen Petter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) subsea protection covers are often used to protect offshore pipelines, umbilicals and other important subsea structures from dropped objects released from offshore oil and gas and fishing activities. These covers are often subjected to waves. In the present study, flows around an oscillating GRP subsea cover and oscillatory flows around a stationary subsea cover are investigated using numerical simulations at three different KC numbers of 5, 11 and 20, which are representative for low, medium and large KC number regions. The simulations of flows around an oscillating subsea cover are used to compare with the experiments done by SINTEF Ocean (formerly MARINTEK) and validate the present numerical model. Two-dimensional (2D) simulations are carried out by solving the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations combined with the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. It is found that the hydrodynamic forces for the two cases (flows around the oscillating cover and oscillatory flows around the stationary cover) are almost the same, which verifies that the experimental tests of subsea covers with forced motions can be used to study hydrodynamic forces on the stationary cover subjected to waves. The horizontal and vertical force coefficients and the surrounding flow fields around the covers are discussed.
Face-to-face versus online clinically integrated EBM teaching in an undergraduate medical school: a pilot study
Authors: Kumaravel Bharathy , Stewart C , Ilic Dragan 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of two models (face-to-face vs online teaching) of clinically integrating evidence-based medicine (EBM) teaching in an undergraduate medical school.

Design and setting
A pilot study of face-to-face versus online EBM teaching.

Participants
This study focused on undergraduate medical students who entered the University of Buckingham Medical School MBChB course in 2016 (n=65). Of the 65 students, 45 received face-to-face teaching, while 20 received online teaching.

Main outcome measures
Feasibility was assessed by the ability to deliver the content, students’ engagement during teaching and their completion rates in formative assessments—Assessing Competency in EBM (ACE) tool, and educational prescriptions (EPs). Effectiveness of teaching for the two models was compared by evaluating students’ performance in the formative assessments and in the summative final professional examination and final year EBM objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Results
We had similar students’ engagement and completion rates in formative assessments in both models. Students receiving face-to-face teaching performed better in EPs (mean difference=−2.28, 95% CI: −4.31 to –0.26). There was no significant difference in performances in the ACE tool (mean difference=−1.02, 95% CI: −2.20 to 0.16); the written final professional exams (mean difference=−0.11, 95% CI: −0.65 to 0.44) and the EBM OSCE station (mean difference=−0.81, 95% CI: −2.38 to 0.74).

Conclusions
It was feasible to deliver both models of clinically integrated EBM teaching. While students in the face-to-face model scored higher in EPs; there was no significant difference between the two models of teaching as measured by performances in the ACE tool or the summative assessments.
‘Pneumonia has gone’: exploring perceptions of health in a cookstove intervention trial in rural Malawi
Authors: Ardrey Jane , Jehan Kate , Kumbuyo Caroline , Ndamala Chifundo , Mortimer Kevin , Tolhurst Rachel 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAir pollution through cooking on open fires or inefficient cookstoves using biomass fuels has been linked with impaired lung health and with over 4 million premature deaths per annum. However, use of cleaner cookstoves is often sporadic and there are indications that longer-term health benefits are not prioritised by users. There is also limited information about how recipients of cookstoves perceive the health benefits of clean cooking interventions. We therefore conducted a qualitative study alongside the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS).MethodsQualitative methods and the participatory methodology Photovoice were used in an in-depth examination of health perceptions and understandings of CAPS trial participants. Fifty participants in five CAPS intervention villages collected images about cooking. These were discussed in village-level focus groups and in interviews with 12 representative participants. Village community representatives were also interviewed. Four female and eight male CAPS fieldworkers took part in gender-specific focus groups and two female and two male fieldworkers were interviewed. A thematic content approach was used for data analysis.ResultsWe found a disconnect between locally situated perceptions of health and the biomedically focused trial model. This included the development of potentially harmful understandings such as that pneumonia was no longer a threat and potential confusion between the symptoms of pneumonia and malaria. Study participants perceived health and well-being benefits including: cookstoves saved bodily energy; quick cooking helped maintain family harmony.ConclusionA deeper understanding of narratives of health within CAPS showed how context-specific perceptions of the health benefits of cookstoves were developed. This highlighted the conflicting priorities of cookstove intervention researchers and participants, and unintended and potentially harmful health understandings. The study also emphasises the importance of including qualitative explorations in similar complex interventions where potential pathways to beneficial (and harmful) effects, cannot be completely explicated through biomedical models alone.
The influence of the urban food environment on diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Westbury Susannah , Ghosh Iman , Jones Helen Margaret , Mensah Daniel , Samuel Folake , Irache Ana , Azhar Nida , Al-Khudairy Lena , Iqbal Romaina , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDiet and nutrition are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to identify and synthesise evidence on the association between food environment characteristics and diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), relevant to urban settings, to support development and implementation of appropriate interventions.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of 9 databases from 1 January 2000 to 16 September 2020 with no language restrictions. We included original peer-reviewed observational studies, intervention studies or natural experiments conducted in at least one urban LMIC setting and reporting a quantitative association between a characteristic of the food environment and a diet, nutrition or health outcome. Study selection was done independently in duplicate. Data extraction and quality appraisal using the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute checklists were completed based on published reports using a prepiloted form on Covidence. Data were synthesised narratively.Results74 studies met eligibility criteria. Consistent evidence reported an association between availability characteristics in the neighbourhood food environment and dietary behaviour (14 studies, 10 rated as good quality), while the balance of evidence suggested an association with health or nutrition outcomes (17 of 24 relevant studies). We also found a balance of evidence that accessibility to food in the neighbourhood environment was associated with diet (10 of 11 studies) although evidence of an association with health outcomes was contradictory. Evidence on other neighbourhood food environment characteristics was sparse and mixed. Availability in the school food environment was also found to be associated with relevant outcomes. Studies investigating our other primary outcomes in observational studies of the school food environment were sparse, but most interventional studies were situated in schools. We found very little evidence on how workplace and home food environments are associated with relevant outcomes. This is a substantial evidence gap.Conclusion‘Zoning’ or ‘healthy food cart’ interventions to alter food availability may be appropriate in urban LMIC.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207475.
Unilateral vocal cord adductor weakness: an atypical manifestation of motor neurone disease
Authors: Yogakanthi Saiumaeswar , Wools Christine , Mathers Susan 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBulbar involvement is a recognised feature of motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS), both as a presenting complaint and as a consequence of advancing disease. Hoarseness and dysphonia have been associated with vocal cord abductor weakness. This is usually bilateral and has also been reported as the presenting clinical feature in a handful of patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutations. Presentation with an isolated, unilateral vocal cord adductor weakness, however, is atypical and rare.CaseIn this report, we detail the case of a 38-year-old woman with dysphonia and a family history of an SOD1 mutation. Neurological features remained confined to the territory of the left vagus nerve for the next 12 months, before a more rapid rate of disease dissemination and progression.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of recognition of vocal cord palsy as an early manifestation of MND/ALS and the critical need for monitoring to recognise potential disease progression.
Characteristics of pharmacist’s interventions triggered by prescribing errors related to computerised physician order entry in French hospitals: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Videau Manon , Charpiat Bruno , Vermorel Céline , Bosson Jean-Luc , Conort Ornella , Bedouch Pierrick 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesComputerised physician order entry (CPOE) systems facilitate the review of medication orders by pharmacists. Reports have emerged that show conception flaws or the misuse of CPOE systems generate prescribing errors. We aimed to characterise pharmacist interventions (PIs) triggered by prescribing errors identified as system-related errors (PISREs) in French hospitals.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study based on PIs prospectively documented in the Act-IP observatory database from January 2014 to December 2018.SettingPISREs from 319 French computerised healthcare facilities were analysed.ParticipantsAmong the 319 French hospitals, 232 (72.7%) performed SRE interventions, involving 652 (51%) pharmacists.ResultsAmong the 331 678 PIs recorded, 27 058 were qualified as due to SREs (8.2%). The main drug-related problems associated with PISREs were supratherapeutic (27.5%) and subtherapeutic dosage (17.2%), non-conformity with guidelines/contraindications (22.4%) and improper administration (17.9%). The PI prescriber acceptation rate was 78.9% for SREs vs 67.6% for other types of errors. The PISRE ratio was estimated relative to the total number of PIs. Concerning the certification status of CPOE systems, the PISRE ratio was 9.4% for non-certified systems vs 5.5% for certified systems (p<0.001). The PISRE ratio for senior pharmacists was 9.2% and that for pharmacy residents 5.4% (p<0.001). Concerning prescriptions made by graduate prescribers and those made by residents, the PISRE ratio was 8.4% and 7.8%, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionComputer-related prescribing errors are common. The PI acceptance rate by prescribers was higher than that observed for PIs that were not CPOE related. This suggests that physicians consider the potential clinical consequences of SREs for patients to be more frequently serious than interventions unrelated to CPOE. CPOE medication review requires continual pharmacist diligence to catch these errors. The significantly lower PISRE ratio for certified software should prompt patient safety agencies to undertake studies to identify the safest software and discard software that is potentially dangerous.
A mixed methods study to develop a tool to assess institutional readiness to conduct knowledge translation activities in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Kalbarczyk Anna , Rao Aditi , Alonge Olakunle 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis paper describes the development of a tool for assessing organisational readiness to conduct knowledge translation (KT) among academic institutions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignA literature review and stakeholder consultation process were conducted to identify constructs relevant for assessing KT readiness in LMICs. These were face-validated with LMIC stakeholders and organised into a Likert-scale questionnaire.ParticipantsThe questionnaire was distributed to researchers based at six LMIC academic institutions and members of a global knowledge-to-action thematic working group.Outcome measuresAn exploratory factor analysis was used to identify underlying dimensions for assessing institutional readiness to conduct KT.Results111 respondents with varied KT experiences from 10 LMICs were included in the analysis. We selected 5 factors and 23 items, with factor loadings from 0.40 to 0.77. These factors include (1) institutional climate, (2) organisation change efficacy, (3) prioritisation and cosmopolitanism, (4) self-efficacy, and (5) financial resources. These factors accounted for 69% of the total variance, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.78, 0.73, 0.62, 0.68 and 0.52, respectively.ConclusionsThis study identifies a tool for assessing readiness of LMIC academic institutions to conduct KT and unique opportunities for building capacity. The organisational focus of these factors underscores the need for strategies that address organisational systems and structures in addition to individual skills. Future research will be conducted to understand determinants of these factors and develop a comprehensive set of capacity building strategies responsive to academic institutions in LMICs.