bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization for uncertain stochastic T–S fuzzy system driven by Lévy noise
Authors: Liu Dezhi , Zhu Min , Liu Jia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferent from the other work, the almost sure asymptotic stability of an uncertain stochastic T–S fuzzy system driven by Lévy noise has been investigated. However, the Lévy noise caused the càdlàg paths in the system, and the uncertainty was the linear fractional form, which made difference to the general norm-bounded type. Using the special stochastic techniques and new matrix decomposition method, we deal with the càdlàg paths and uncertainty of the system. As the main results, the sufficient conditions of almost sure asymptotic stability for stochastic T–S fuzzy system driven by Lévy noise have been presented. On this basis, the closed-loop system is robustly almost surely asymptotically stable with fuzzy state-feedback controller. Furthermore, our stabilization criteria are based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), whence the feedback controller could be designed more easily in practice.
Mathematical analysis of a cancer model with time-delay in tumor-immune interaction and stimulation processes
Authors: Dehingia Kaushik , Sarmah Hemanta Kumar , Alharbi Yamen , Hosseini Kamyar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we discuss a cancer model considering discrete time-delay in tumor-immune interaction and stimulation processes. This study aims to analyze and observe the dynamics of the model along with variation of vital parameters and the delay effect on anti-tumor immune responses. We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibrium points and their stability. Existence of Hopf bifurcation at co-axial equilibrium is investigated. The stability of bifurcating periodic solutions is discussed, and the time length for which the solutions preserve the stability is estimated. Furthermore, we have derived the conditions for the direction of bifurcating periodic solutions. Theoretically, it was observed that the system undergoes different states if we vary the system’s parameters. Some numerical simulations are presented to verify the obtained mathematical results.
Identifying seasonal spatial patterns of crime in a small northern city
Authors: Castle Ysabel A. , Kovacs John M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To explore spatial patterns of crime in a small northern city, and assess the degree of similarity in these patterns across seasons.

Methods
Calls for police service frequently associated with crime (theft, break and enter, domestic dispute, assault, and neighbor disputes) were acquired for a five year time span (2015–2019) for the city of North Bay, Ontario, Canada (population 50,396). Exploratory data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and a kernel density mapping technique. Andresen’s spatial point pattern test (SPPT) was then used to assess the degree of similarity between the seasonal patterns (spring, summer, autumn, winter) for each call type at two different spatial scales (dissemination area and census tract).

Results
Exploratory data analysis of crime concentration at street segments showed that calls are generally more dispersed through the city in the warmer seasons of spring and summer. Kernel density mapping also shows increases in the intensity of hotspots at these times, but little overall change in pattern. The SPPT does find some evidence for seasonal differences in crime pattern across the city as a whole, specifically for thefts and break and enters. These differences are focused on the downtown core, as well as the outlying rural areas of the city.

Conclusions
For the various crime types examined, preliminary analysis, kernel density mapping, and the SPPT found differences in crime pattern consistent with the routine activities theory.
Intestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia
Authors: Vicentini Fernando A. , Keenan Catherine M. , Wallace Laurie E. , Woods Crystal , Cavin Jean-Baptiste , Flockton Amanda R. , Macklin Wendy B. , Belkind-Gerson Jaime , Hirota Simon A. , Sharkey Keith A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS). Alterations in the gut microbiome frequently occur together with disturbances in enteric neural control in pathophysiological conditions. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota regulates GI function and the structure of the ENS are incompletely understood. Using a mouse model of antibiotic (Abx)-induced bacterial depletion, we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms of microbial regulation of intestinal function and the integrity of the ENS. Spontaneous reconstitution of the Abx-depleted microbiota was used to assess the plasticity of structure and function of the GI tract and ENS. Microbiota-dependent molecular mechanisms of ENS neuronal survival and neurogenesis were also assessed.

Results
Adult male and female Abx-treated mice exhibited alterations in GI structure and function, including a longer small intestine, slower transit time, increased carbachol-stimulated ion secretion, and increased intestinal permeability. These alterations were accompanied by the loss of enteric neurons in the ileum and proximal colon in both submucosal and myenteric plexuses. A reduction in the number of enteric glia was only observed in the ileal myenteric plexus. Recovery of the microbiota restored intestinal function and stimulated enteric neurogenesis leading to increases in the number of enteric glia and neurons. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) supplementation enhanced neuronal survival alongside bacterial depletion, but had no effect on neuronal recovery once the Abx-induced neuronal loss was established. In contrast, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were able to restore neuronal numbers after Abx-induced neuronal loss, demonstrating that SCFA stimulate enteric neurogenesis in vivo.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a role for the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the GI tract in a sex-independent manner. Moreover, the microbiota is essential for the maintenance of ENS integrity, by regulating enteric neuronal survival and promoting neurogenesis. Molecular determinants of the microbiota, LPS and SCFA, regulate enteric neuronal survival, while SCFA also stimulates neurogenesis. Our data reveal new insights into the role of the gut microbiota that could lead to therapeutic developments for the treatment of enteric neuropathies.
Evaluation of different machine learning approaches and input text representations for multilingual classification of tweets for disease surveillance in the social web
Authors: Magumba Mark Abraham , Nabende Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwitter and social media as a whole have great potential as a source of disease surveillance data however the general messiness of tweets presents several challenges for standard information extraction methods. Most deployed systems employ approaches that rely on simple keyword matching and do not distinguish between relevant and irrelevant keyword mentions making them susceptible to false positives as a result of the fact that keyword volume can be influenced by several social phenomena that may be unrelated to disease occurrence. Furthermore, most solutions are intended for a single language and those meant for multilingual scenarios do not incorporate semantic context. In this paper we experimentally examine different approaches for classifying text for epidemiological surveillance on the social web in addition we offer a systematic comparison of the impact of different input representations on performance. Specifically we compare continuous representations against one-hot encoding for word-based, class-based (ontology-based) and subword units in the form of byte pair encodings. We also go on to establish the desirable performance characteristics for multi-lingual semantic filtering approaches and offer an in-depth discussion of the implications for end-to-end surveillance.
Characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum QZW5 and its effects on wheat silage under multigelation
Authors: Zhang Miao , Wu Guofang , Wang Lei , Zhang Bei , Chen Jun , Liu Yuan , Pang Huili , Tan Zhongfang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Silages, as a nutritious and long-term preserved fodder, is achieved through fermentation. However, the constant low temperatures and freeze–thaw event are key factors that affect the quality of silages due to low levels of lactic acid production and undesirable microbial community revitalization. In this study, we attempt to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum QZW5 on the fermentation characteristics of wheat silage under ensiling conditions at the order of the following temperatures: constant low temperatures (5 °C for 30 days), multigelation (10 ℃ at day and – 10 ℃ at night for 30 days) and room temperature (aerobic/anaerobic, 10 days).

Results
Under multigelation condition, Lactobacillus plantarum QZW5 inoculation significantly increased the contents of lactic acid and acetic (P < 0.05) in the silage. The pH, bacterial richness index (Chao) and diversity index (Shannon) of the silage were significantly decreased by Lactobacillus plantarum QZW5 (P < 0.05). In Lactobacillus plantarum QZW5 inoculated silage, the dominant genera were L. plantarum subsp. plantarum. However, those in the control silage were Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc fallax. LAB (lactic acid bacteria) inoculation increased the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus spp. and inhibited the growth of undesirable Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Filamentous fungi, among others in the silage.

Conclusions
Therefore, inoculation of L. plantarum QZW5 during ensiling could stimulate favorable fermentation and reconstruct bacterial community for better silage preservation.

Graphic abstract
Schistosoma haematobium DNA and eggs in urine of patients from Sohag, Egypt
Authors: Abd Elraheem Badawy A. , Bayoumy Ahmed S. , El-Faramawy Mohamed S. , Aly Nasr Eldeen M. , El-Badry Ayman A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends mainly on stool or urine microscopy for Schistosoma egg detection as well as immunoassays. The low sensitivity of these conventional tests makes molecular detection the diagnostic method of choice. The study aimed to detect the molecular prevalence of urine schistosomiasis and evaluate microscopic examination vs. PCR technique for detection of Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) in urine of patients with suggestive symptoms or previous history of urine schistosomiasis coming from endemic regions.

Results
This cross-sectional study was performed on eighty patients attending the urology clinic of Sohag University Teaching Hospital from August 2016 to July 2018. Socio-demographic data and clinical data were collected. Urine samples from all study individuals were collected and examined microscopically for S. haematobium eggs as well as detection of S. haematobium DNA of using PCR assay. Microscopic examination and PCR were positive among (68.8%) and (87.5%) of cases, respectively. There was 60% agreement between microscopy and molecular assay. Microscopy was a good test to rule in cases of urine schistosomiasis, with 100% specificity and 100% PPV, but was of limited sensitivity (NPV = 40%) and missed 12.5% of positive cases. Among studied patient variables, only hematuria showed association with urine schistosomiasis with statistical significance.

Conclusion
Urine schistosomiasis was highly prevalent in studied population. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of PCR, it should be implemented as the test of choice, especially in chronic urinary schistosomiasis with low infection setting. In our study population, patients presenting hematuria were likely to have S. haematobium.
Optimal convex approximation of qubit states and geometry of completely represented states
Authors: Zhou H. Q. , Gao T. , Yan F. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the optimal convex approximation, optimally approximating a desired and unavailable qubit state by the convex mixing of a given set of available states. When the available states are the eigenvectors of three Pauli matrices, we present the complete exact solution for the optimal convex approximation of an arbitrary qubit state based on the fidelity distance. By the comparison of optimal states based on fidelity and trace norm, the advantages and disadvantages of the optimal convex approximation are identified. Several examples are provided to support this. We also analyze the geometrical properties of the target states which can be completely represented by a set of available states. Using the feature of convex combination, we derive the maximum range of completely represented states and clearly illustrate that any qubit state can be optimally prepared by at most three available states in known useable states.
Injury Prevention in Recreational Runners
Authors: Stenerson Lea , Melton Bridget 
Published: October 2021

Apply It!
After reading this article, fitness professionals will be able to:
• appreciate the relatively high injury prevalence in recreational runners and share this information with their clients;
• understand and share the major risk factors for running-related injuries;
• guide clients through functional balance and hip strengthening exercises to help prevent running-related injuries.
Pyramid Resistance Training Programs
Authors: Mang Zachary , Beam Jason , Kravitz Len 
Published: October 2021

Apply It!
By reading this article, health and fitness professionals will learn:
• There is a strong relationship between total volume load (TVL), muscular strength, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Resistance training with pyramid repetition schemes are an effective way to increase TVL during a training session.
• Linear pyramid training (LPT), also known as DeLorme training, involves a systematic increase in intensity from set to set. Contrarily, reverse pyramid training (RPT), also known as Oxford training, involves a systematic decrease in intensity from set to set.
• The literature consistently shows that RPT and LPT are both effective at increasing muscular strength; however, people may enjoy RPT more than LPT because the session feels easier as fatigue accumulates.
Geometry-dependent two-photon absorption followed by free-carrier absorption in AlGaAs waveguides
Authors: Espinosa Daniel H. G. , Harrigan Stephen R. , Awan Kashif M. , Rasekh Payman , Dolgaleva Ksenia 
Published: October 2021

Nonlinear absorption can limit the efficiency of nonlinear optical devices. However, it can also be exploited for optical limiting or switching applications. Thus, characterization of nonlinear absorption in photonic devices is imperative for designing useful devices. This work uses the nonlinear transmittance technique to measure the two-photon absorption coefficients (

α
2

) of AlGaAs waveguides in strip-loaded, nanowire, and half-core geometries in the wavelength range from 1480 to 1560 nm. The highest

α
2

values of 2.4, 2.3, and

1.1

c
m

/

G
W

were measured at 1480 nm for 0.8-µm-wide half-core, 0.6-µm-wide nanowire, and 0.9-µm-wide strip-loaded waveguides, respectively, with

α
2

decreasing with increasing wavelength. The free-carrier absorption cross section was also estimated from the nonlinear transmittance data to be around

2.2
×

10

−
16

c
m

2

for all three geometries. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the nonlinear absorption in heterostructure waveguides of different cross-sectional geometries. We discuss how the electric field distribution in the different layers of a heterostructure can lead to geometry-dependent effective two-photon absorption coefficients. More specifically, we pinpoint the third-order nonlinear confinement factor as a design parameter to estimate the strength of the effective nonlinear absorption, in addition to tailoring the bandgap energy by varying the material composition.
PVA-SM microstructure enhanced ratiometric fluorescence probe for formaldehyde detection in solution and gas
Authors: Wang Tianci , Wang Haiyan , Xia Pengfei , Xue Sheng , Yang Guanjie , Li Heng , Li Zongbao , Jiang Xiaofang , Xing Xiaobo 
Published: October 2021

Formaldehyde (FA) is one of the most common pollutants, which has tremendous harm to humans and environment. In this work, 4-amino-3-pentene-2-one (Fluoral-p) and

S
i
O

2

coated quantum dot (

Q
D

@

S
i
O

2

) were combined to implement a new ratiometric fluorescence probe

Q
D

@

S
i
O

2

-Fluoral-p for FA detection. In addition, by utilization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and

S
i
O

2

microsphere (SM), a kind of PVA-SM microstructure was assembled with

Q
D

@

S
i
O

2

-Fluoral-p to composite a signal enhanced sensing film. The

Q
D

@

S
i
O

2

-Fluoral-p exhibited good response to 0-400 mg/L FA solution and an enhancement around 15 folds was realized after introducing PVA-SM. In both situations, the probe showed linear relationship to FA concentration (

C

F
A

), with detection limits of 14 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Also, the sensing film showed a good linear response to FA gas in the range of 0 to 2 ppm, with a detection limit 0.03 ppm. As a result, the PVA-SM enhanced ratiometric fluorescence probe features high sensitivity, low detection limit, good selectivity, as well as portable, which can serve as a useful tool for investigating FA in solution and gas at room temperature.
Ultralow-loss compact silicon photonic waveguide spirals and delay lines
Authors: Hong Shihan , Zhang Long , Wang Yi , Zhang Ming , Xie Yiwei , Dai Daoxin 
Published: October 2021

Low-loss and compact optical waveguides are key for realizing various photonic integrated circuits with long on-chip delay lines, such as tunable optical delay lines, optical coherence tomography, and optical gyroscopes. In this paper, a low-loss and compact silicon photonic waveguide spiral is proposed by introducing broadened Archimedean spiral waveguides with a tapered Euler S-bend. A 100-cm-long waveguide spiral is realized with a minimal bending radius as small as 10 μm by using a standard 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator foundry process, and the measured propagation loss is as low as 0.28 dB/cm. Furthermore, the present waveguide spirals are used to realize a 10-bit tunable optical delay line, which has a footprint as small as

2.2

mm
×
5.9

mm

and a dynamic range of 5120 ps with a fine resolution of 10 ps.
The psychological distress of parents is associated with reduced linear growth of children: Evidence from a nationwide population survey
Authors: Susiloretni Kun A. , Smith Emily R. , Suparmi  , Marsum  , Agustina Rina , Shankar Anuraj H. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Stunting, an indicator of restricted linear growth, has become a primary measure of childhood undernutrition due to its persistent high prevalence globally, and importance for health and development. Although the etiology is recognized as complex, most analyses have focused on social and biomedical determinants, with limited attention on psychological factors affecting care and nurturing in the home. We assessed whether the psychological distress of parents is related to child linear growth and stunting, and documented the associated risk factors, and examined the relationship between parental distress and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting.

Methods
We used data from the Indonesia National Health Survey 2013, including 46,315 children 6–59 months of age. Multivariate linear, logistic, and multilevel multinomial logistic regression, using survey weights, were used to assess the relationship between parental distress, as assessed by the WHO Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20), with height-for-age z score (HAZ), stunting, and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting.

Results
Maternal, paternal and parental distress (i.e. both maternal and paternal distress) were associated with reduced linear growth of the children by 0.086 (95% CI -0.17, -0.00), 0.11 (95% CI -0.24, -0.02) and 0.19 (95% CI -0.37, -0.00) HAZ-scores, respectively. Maternal and paternal distress increased the risk of mild stunting (HAZ <-1) by 33% (95% CI 1.17,1.50) and 37% (95% CI 1.18,1.60), and the risk of moderate stunting (HAZ <-2) by 25% (95% CI 1.10,1.43) and 28% (95% CI 1.08,1.51]), respectively. Parental stress increased the risk of moderate stunting by 40% (95% CI 1.06,1.85). Amongst specific groups of risk factors, the proportion of HAZ-score lost was associated with socioeconomic factors (30.3%) including, low wealth, low maternal occupational status, low maternal education, rural residence, and low paternal occupational status; physiological factors (15.5%) including low maternal height, low maternal mid-upper arm circumference, being male, low paternal height; behavioral factors (8.9%) including open garbage disposal, paternal smoking, not using iodized salt; and experiencing at least one infectious diseases episode (1.1%).

Conclusions
Maternal, paternal and parental stress were associated with reduced linear growth of children. These findings highlight the complex etiology of stunting and suggest nutritional and other biomedical interventions are insufficient, and that promotion of mental and behavioral health programs for parents must be pursued as part of a comprehensive strategy to enhance child growth and development, i.e. improved caretaker capacity, integrated community development, improved parenting skills, as well as reduced gender discrimination, and domestic violence.
Early administration of remdesivir to COVID-19 patients associates with higher recovery rate and lower need for ICU admission: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hussain Alsayed Hawra Ali , Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh , Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes , Hussain Ali Al Sayed , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
Remdesivir is one of the most widely recommended and used medications for COVID-19 treatment. However, different outcomes have been reported for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with remdesivir. Specifically, the effect of the timing of remdesivir initiation (from patient’s symptom onset) on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients has not been investigated.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and treated with or without remdisivir. The primary outcome was patient’s recovery rate, defined as clinical improvement and patient’s discharge by day 14 of symptom onset. The secondary outcome was the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality within 28 days of patient’s symptom onset.

Results
Out of 323 hospitalized adults with COVID-19, 107 (33.1%) received no remdesivir during their hospital stay, 107 (33.1%) received remdesivir early within 7 days of the symptom onset, and 109 (33.7%) received it at 8 days or later of symptom onset. At day 14 following symptom onset, higher proportion of patients recovered in the early remdesivir compared to the late remdesivir cohort, or patients who did not receive remdesivir (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 5.35). Moreover, early administration of remdesivir was associated with lower admission to intensive care unit (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.64), less need for mechanical ventilation (aHR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.51), and lower mortality at 28 days (aHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.53), as compared to the late remdesivir cohort or patients who did not receive remdesivir.

Conclusion
Early administration of remdesivir within 7 days of symptom onset is associated with less need for mechanical ventilation and lower 28-days mortality.