bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting the “Love of Humanity” Back in Corporate Philanthropy: The Case of Health Grants by Corporate Foundations
Authors: Boodoo Muhammad Umar , Henriques Irene , Husted Bryan W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the growing call for private sector actors to address global challenges, it is necessary to first assess whether regions with the greatest needs are accessing corporate philanthropy. In this paper, we ask whether corporate philanthropy is reaching those with the greatest health-care needs. Drawing on economic geography and corporate homophily, we argue that corporate philanthropy tends to exacerbate health inequality as grants are destined for counties with fewer health problems. We test and find support for this hypothesis using data on health grants made by US corporate foundations and county-level health data. Our results that corporate health grants are less likely to go to counties which have a lower proportion of medical service providers and insured citizens suggest that corporate foundations are unwittingly complicit in worsening the resource gap between small, poor, rural counties and large, wealthy, urban counties. From an ethical perspective, we provide some guidance as to how this may be corrected.
Molecular Biology Meets Logic: Context-Sensitiveness in Focus
Authors: Boniolo Giovanni , D’Agostino Marcello , Piazza Mario , Pulcini Gabriele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome real life processes, including molecular ones, are context-sensitive, in the sense that their outcome depends on side conditions that are most of the times difficult, or impossible, to express fully in advance. In this paper, we survey and discuss a logical account of context-sensitiveness in molecular processes, based on a kind of non-classical logic. This account also allows us to revisit the relationship between logic and philosophy of science (and philosophy of biology, in particular).
Comparing Frequency of Listener Responses Between Adolescents with and Without ASD During Conversation
Authors: Matthewman Holly , Zane Emily , Grossman Ruth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn conversation, the listener plays an active role in conversation success, specifically by providing listener feedback which signals comprehension and interest. Previous work has shown that frequency of feedback positively correlates with conversation success. Because individuals with ASD are known to struggle with various conversational skills, e.g., turn-taking and commenting, this study examines their use of listener feedback by comparing the frequency of feedback produced by 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 neurotypical (NT) adolescents. We coded verbal and nonverbal listener feedback during the time when participants were listening in a semi-structured interview with a research assistant. Results show that ASD participants produced significantly fewer instances of listener feedback than NT adolescents, which likely contributes to difficulties with social interactions.
Ceramide/protein phosphatase 2A axis is engaged in gap junction impairment elicited by PCB153 in liver stem-like progenitor cells
Authors: Squecco Roberta , Pierucci Federica , Idrizaj Eglantina , Frati Alessia , Lenci Elena , Vicenti Catia , Iachini Maria Chiara , Martinesi Maria , Garella Rachele , Baccari Maria Caterina , Francini Fabio , Meacci Elisabetta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe widespread environmental pollutant 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) is a non-dioxin-like toxicant. It is a potential carcinogen compound able to induce gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication impairment, probably the first non-genomic event leading to tumor promotion. Although PCBs have been known for many years, the molecular mode of PCB153 action is still unclear. Recent studies from our research group have shown that the toxicant elicits a transient modulation of connexin (Cx) 43-formed GJs in hepatic stem-like WB-F344 cells involving sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) path. Taking into account that other strictly related bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramide (Cer), may have different effects from S1P, here we aim to clarify the signaling paths engaged by PCB153 in the control of GJs, focusing primarily on the role of Cer. Accordingly, we have achieved a combined biomolecular and electrophysiological analysis of GJs in cultured WB-F344 cells treated with PCB153 at different time points. We have found that the toxicant elicited a time-dependent regulation of GJs formed by different Cx isoforms, through a transient modulation of Cer/Cer kinase (CerK) axis and, in turn, of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Our new findings demonstrate the existence of a specific molecular mechanism downstream to Cer, which distinctly affects the voltage-dependent and -independent GJs in liver stem-like cells, and open new opportunities for the identification of additional potential targets of these environmental toxicants.
Glycoconjugate vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovars and Shigella species: existing and emerging methods for their analysis
Authors: Bazhenova Aleksandra , Gao Fang , Bolgiano Barbara , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global spread of enteric disease, the increasingly limited options for antimicrobial treatment and the need for effective eradication programs have resulted in an increased demand for glycoconjugate enteric vaccines, made with carbohydrate-based membrane components of the pathogen, and their precise characterisation. A set of physico-chemical and immunological tests are employed for complete vaccine characterisation and to ensure their consistency, potency, safety and stability, following the relevant World Health Organization and Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Variable requirements for analytical methods are linked to conjugate structure, carrier protein nature and size andO-acetyl content of polysaccharide. We investigated a key stability-indicating method which measures the percent free saccharide ofSalmonella entericasubspeciesentericaserovar Typhi capsular polysaccharide, by detergent precipitation, depolymerisation and HPAEC-PAD quantitation. Together with modern computational approaches, a more precise design of glycoconjugates is possible, allowing for improvements in solubility, structural conformation and stability, and immunogenicity of antigens, which may be applicable to a broad spectrum of vaccines. More validation experiments are required to establish the most effective and suitable methods for glycoconjugate analysis to bring uniformity to the existing protocols, although the need for product-specific approaches will apply, especially for the more complex vaccines. An overview of current and emerging analytical approaches for the characterisation of vaccines againstSalmonellaTyphi andShigellaspecies is described in this paper. This study should aid the development and licensing of new glycoconjugate vaccines aimed at the prevention of enteric diseases.
Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy for prevention of surgical site infection in abdominal surgery: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Roos Elin , Douissard Jonathan , Abbassi Ziad , Buchs Nicolas C. , Toso Christian , Ris Frédéric , Meyer Jeremy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur objective was to determine current practice in Switzerland regarding the use of pNPWT in abdominal surgery. An online survey was carried out to evaluate the use of pNPWT among abdominal surgeons in Switzerland. One hundred and ten participants replied to the survey from 16.12.2019 to 15.01.2020. Eleven were excluded, leaving 99 responders for analysis. Seventy participants (70.7%) were using pNPWT, 3 (3%) have stopped using it and 26 (26.3%) have never used it. pNPWT was used on midline laparotomy by 63 responders (90%), closed stoma wounds by 21 (30%), closed perineal wounds by 20 (28.6%), Pfannenstiel incisions by 18 (23.7%), groin incisions by 16 (22.9%), subcostal incisions by 13 (18.6%), Mc Burney incisions by 3 (4.3%) and other incisions by 18 (25.7%). Forty-eight participants (68.6%) used pNPWT on less than 10% of patients, 14 (20%) on 10–25% of patients, six (8.6%) on 25–50% of patients and two (2.9%) on 75–100% of patients. Suggestions for improvement to pNPWT were: better sealing, recyclable system, better adaptation to the perineum, smaller device, reduced cost and possibility to check the surgical wound through the dressing. In conclusion, pNPWT is widely used among Swiss surgeons, mostly on midline incisions. However, most of them apply pNPWT on a small proportion of patients only. Suggestions for improvement were a better sealing for complex wounds, reduced cost and possibility to check the wound during the therapy.
Laparoscopic splenectomy as a definitive management option for high-grade traumatic splenic injury when non operative management is not feasible or failed: a 5-year experience from a level one trauma center with minimally invasive surgery expertise
Authors: Birindelli Arianna , Martin Matthew , Khan Mansoor , Gallo Gaetano , Segalini Edoardo , Gori Alice , Yetasook Amy , Podda Mauro , Giuliani Antonio , Tugnoli Gregorio , Lim Robert ,   TraumaLap Study Group, Cripps Michael , Gavriilidis Paschalis , Affinita Antonio , Coniglio Carlo , Catena Fausto , Tarasconi Antonio , De Simone Belinda , De’ Angelis Nicola , Ansaloni Luca , Tartaglia Dario , Coccolini Federico , Chiarugi Massimo , Agresta Ferdinando , Baiocchi Gianluca , Sganga Gabriele , Di Carlo Isidoro , Pata Francesco , Ribeiro Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle , Lima Daniel Souza , Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Pereira Bruno Monteiro , Millo Paolo , Sartelli Massimo , Tonini Valeria , Cervellera Maurizio , Sileri Pierpaolo , Del Vecchio Giovanni , Marini Pierluigi , Di Saverio Salomone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTechnique, indications and outcomes of laparoscopic splenectomy in stable trauma patients have not been well described yet. All hemodynamically non-compromised abdominal trauma patients who underwent splenectomy from 1/2013 to 12/2017 at our Level 1 trauma center were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analysed with per-protocol and an intention-to-treat comparison between open vs laparoscopic groups. 49 splenectomies were performed (16 laparoscopic, 33 open). Among the laparoscopic group, 81% were successfully completed laparoscopically. Laparoscopy was associated with a higher incidence of concomitant surgical procedures (p 0.016), longer operative times, but a significantly faster return of bowel function and oral diet without reoperations. No significant differences were demonstrated in morbidity, mortality, length of stay, or long-term complications, although laparoscopic had lower surgical site infection (0 vs 21%).The isolated splenic injury sub-analysis included 25 splenectomies,76% (19) open and 24% (6) laparoscopic and confirmed reduction in post-operative morbidity (40 vs 57%), blood transfusion (0 vs 48%), ICU admission (20 vs 57%) and overall LOS (7 vs 9 days) in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective technique for hemodynamically stable patients with splenic trauma and may represent an advantageous alternative to open splenectomy in terms of post-operative recovery and morbidity.
Nitrogen Fixation and Diazotroph Community in the Subarctic Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Sato Takuya , Shiozaki Takuhei , Taniuchi Yukiko , Kasai Hiromi , Takahashi Kazutaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) significantly influence marine productivity by converting N2 gas into bioavailable nitrogen. Recent studies revealed that nitrogen fixation occurs in both warm oligotroph and colder and/or N‐rich water; however, little is known about the spatial variability of nitrogen fixation activity and diazotroph diversity in cold waters. In this study, we examined the nitrogen fixation activity and diazotroph community structure in the subarctic waters around Hokkaido in northern Japan, including the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the North Pacific Ocean. Nitrogen fixation activity was detected at temperatures ranging from −1.1 to 15.6°C and was significantly related to high salinity and high temperature, which characterize the Tsushima Warm Current. The highest recorded nitrogen fixation activity (5.42 nmol N L−1 d−1) was comparable to that of subtropical regions. Diazotrophs usually reported in subtropical regions dominated the diazotroph communities and were likely advected from the upstream area of the Tsushima Warm Current—a tributary of the Kuroshio Current. In particular, the nifH abundance of the most dominant diazotroph—the symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A1—showed a significant positive relationship with nitrogen fixation rate. We also detected a diazotroph community and low but active nitrogen fixation in the N‐rich waters sourced from the Sea of Okhotsk, which infers the influence of both advected and indigenous diazotrophs on the regional nitrogen fixation. Although further research is needed, our study points toward the widespread distribution of diazotrophy in the Sea of Okhotsk.
Generation of Realizations of Electron Density for Numerical Electromagnetic Propagation Simulations
Authors: Knepp Dennis L. , Sotnikov Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we use a collection of Gaussian striations to generate random realizations of a disturbed ionosphere. The formalism is developed here to create a two‐dimensional realization of electron density by summing a large number of Gaussian striations, uniformly distributed in space and with a given probability density function of their radii. We analytically calculate the power spectral density (PSD) of the electron‐density fluctuations generated and show that it matches the form often observed in the natural ionosphere of a single‐component power‐law between inner and outer scale. A second probability density function of striation radii is studied that leads to a power‐law form for the autocorrelation function of in‐situ irregularities. An example of electromagnetic propagation using a multiple phase screen simulation with phase screens produced from Gaussian striations is compared to a similar example using statistical phase screens chosen to model the same situation.
Sodium Aminodiboranate, a New Reagent for Chemoselective Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Alcohols
Authors: Chen Xuenian , Wang Jin , Guo Yu , Li Shouhu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSodium aminodiboranate (NaNH2(BH3)2, NaADBH) is a new member of the old borane family, which exhibits superior performance in chemoselective reduction. Experimental results show that NaADBH can rapidly reduce aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols in high efficiency and selectivity under mild conditions. There are little steric and electronic effects on this reduction.
Uterine Artery Embolization for Management of Placenta Accreta, a Single-center Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Noufaily Abdallah , Achou Raja , Ashram Mitri , Mokbel Miziana , Dabaj Emile , Snaifer Elie , Chamsuddin Abbas A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract“Morbidly adherent placenta” is a term that describes the continuum of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. Placenta accreta is the least invasive form, whereas placenta percreta represents a complete penetration of the trophoblast through the uterus that reaches the serosal surface and potentially invades the bladder, rectal wall, and pelvic vessels. Leaving the placenta in situ in the setting of abnormally invasive placenta is now widely practiced. We herein present three cases of abnormal placental implantation diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, in which uterine artery embolization was performed to induce placental infarction and eventually rapid regression but most importantly to minimize peripartum and postpartum bleeding. As we do this, we sought to review the risks of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and evaluate the role of endovascular therapy to improve maternal outcomes when abnormal placental implantation occurs.
Grevillea robusta (silky oak).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

G. robusta has gained widespread popularity in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical highland regions of many countries, originally as a shade tree for tea and coffee and now as an agroforestry tree for small farms (Harwood, 1989). It provides economically valuable products including timber, poles, firewood and leaf mulch; it is easy to propagate and establish and is relatively free of pests and diseases; its proteoid roots help it grow in low-fertility soils; it does not compete strongly with adjacent crops; and it tolerates heavy pruning of its roots and branches. With its fern-like pinnate leaves and prominent attractive, orange flowers, it is also popular as an ornamental. As a consequence of its colonizing abilities, G. robusta may become a noxious weed in favourable conditions.
Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry).
Authors: Areces-Berazain Fabiola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. calabura is a small, fast-growing tree reaching 8-13 m in height, occurring widely in the lowland humid tropics up to 1500 m altitude. It self-seeds freely, regenerates rapidly under most soil conditions, including alkaline and saline soils, coppices well, and tolerates drought, shade and weeds.
Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

V. fordii is a fast-growing species grown mainly for high oil production in plantations and in agroforestry systems. Its natural distribution covers southern China, northern Vietnam, Myanmar, the Korean Republic and Taiwan. It produces a high quality tung oil which is widely used in the paint industry. There are more than 100 cultivars throughout southern China. It is widely planted in Europe, the Russian Federation, parts of Asia, Africa, tropical South America and New Zealand. Breeding strategies and development of new uses should be given a high priority in future.
Senna multijuga (November shower).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodrígue Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. multijuga, a tree native to the neotropics, ranges in size at maturity from 6-40 m, although more commonly it takes the form of a medium, slender tree ranging from 6-15 m with a wide-spreading crown (Irwin and Barneby, 1982; Killeen et al., 1993; Parrotta et al., 1995). Many flaky lenticels cover the thin bark. Bark cuts produce an unpleasant smell. The dark green leaves are compound and alternate and grow up to 30 cm, with 25 pairs of opposed or sub-opposed leaflets varying in size and number. Yellow flowers are produced which also vary in size. Seeds are produced in flat, red to purple pods. The narrow, oblong seeds are compressed, range from 1.5-2.1 mm in size, and have a pale, brownish-grey testa (Irwin and Barneby, 1982). Within its natural distribution, a profuse bloom of bright yellow flowers usually occurs during the middle to late rainy season. Seed dormancy is common, although the time that seeds remain viable in the soil is not known. Research has shown that mechanical scarification of the seeds greatly increases germination rate (Lemos Filho et al., 1997). Although the species is relatively disease-free, there are a number of bruchid beetles that predate upon the seeds (Ribeiro and Reynaud, 1998).
Assessing post‐game emotions in soccer teams: The role of distinct emotional dynamics
Authors: Rumbold James L. , Newman James A. , Foster David , Rhind Daniel J. A. , Phoenix Jack , Hickey Lorcan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationships between team (n = 10) and player post‐game emotions following two consecutive games. In addition, the relationship between emotional contagion susceptibility and player post‐game emotions was assessed. Applying an experience sampling methodology, male amateur and semi‐professional soccer players (N = 114, M age = 25.46 years, SD = 9.24) completed a sport emotion questionnaire shortly after the conclusion of two competitive games. Participants also completed a dispositional emotional contagion questionnaire prior to post‐game data collection. Multilevel regressions revealed that teams’ collective post‐game emotions were strongly associated with players’ post‐game emotions, after accounting for within‐ (e.g. time, game outcome) and between‐person (e.g. formal leaders, emotional contagion susceptibility) differences. In addition, partial support was found to indicate that emotional contagion susceptibility was associated with players’ post‐game emotions. In this context of soccer, the findings suggest that collective emotions following a game are more indicative of individual players’ emotions than an individual's general tendency to mimic the emotions of others. From an applied perspective, the findings demonstrate the importance of coaches and players being mindful of the team's emotional climate after a game and the impact it may have on players, especially when that climate is negative.

Highlights
We assessed the relationship between soccer team (n = 10) and player (N = 114) post‐game emotions.
We also assessed how emotional contagion susceptibility was linked to post‐game emotions.
Multilevel regressions revealed that team's collective post‐game emotions are more indicative of players' post‐game emotions than a player's emotional contagion susceptibility.
Reappraisal of HER2 Amplification in High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma Based on 2018 ASCO/CAP Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Mohanty Sambit K , Mishra Sourav K , Tiwari Ankit , Sharma Shivani , Bhardwaj Mohit , Pattnaik Niharika , Jaiswal Sunil , Baisakh Manas R , Das Subodh , Pradhan Manas R , Swain Tapas R , Satpathy Kaliprasad , Williamson Sean R , Parwani Anil V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To examine and compare human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification status in high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUCa), using both 2013 and 2018 HER2 reporting guidelines for breast carcinoma from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP).

Methods
HER2 status by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in 78 cases of HGUCa was compared using 2013 and 2018 HER2 reporting guidelines.

Results
HER2 amplification was observed in 22 (28.2%) of 78 tumors, of which 17 were in group 1, 1 in group 2, and 2 each in groups 3 and 4 (FISH assay, 2018). The remaining 14 HER2-amplified tumors (FISH assay, 2013) became negative, falling into group 2 (FISH assay, 2018) and were either negative or equivocal on immunohistochemistry (IHC, 2018). All FISH-negative tumors (n = 37) using 2013 criteria remained negative (group 5, 2018). FISH-equivocal tumors (2013) were further categorized into HER2 amplified (n = 1) and HER2 negative (n = 4) (2018). Overall, 20 (25.6%) tumors had discordant HER2 FISH results (2018 vs 2013).

Conclusions
Implementing 2018 guidelines, HER2 amplification decreased from 36 to 22 cases. The group with a HER2/CEP17 ratio of 2 or more and average HER2 copy number less than 4 (group 2) were predominantly negative by IHC, suggesting a biologically distinct group of HGUCa that is different from HER2-amplified tumors, which may not respond to HER2-targeted therapy.