bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High concordance of actionable genomic alterations identified between circulating tumor DNA–based and tissue‐based next‐generation sequencing testing in advanced non–small cell lung cancer: The Korean Lung Liquid Versus Invasive Biopsy Program
Authors: Park Sehhoon , Olsen Steve , Ku Bo Mi , Lee Min‐Sang , Jung Hyun‐Ae , Sun Jong‐Mu , Lee Se‐Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Choi Yoon‐La , Ahn Myung‐Ju 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundBecause of the growing number of actionable biomarkers in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), sufficient tissue availability for testing is becoming a greater challenge. Liquid biopsy offers a potential solution by complementing standard tissue‐based methods. In this study, the authors analyzed the concordance of actionable genomic alterations sequenced from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA; Guardant360) and tissue (Oncomine Focus Assay).MethodsFrom September 2015 to May 2018, 421 paired plasma and tissue samples from patients with advanced NSCLC who had previously undergone tissue testing by standard methods were collected. Both types of samples were available for 287 patients (262 in cohort 1 [treatment‐naive] and 25 in cohort 2 [treatment failure]), and only 1 sample type was available for 134 patients (50 in cohort 3 [plasma only] and 84 in cohort 4 [tissue only]).ResultsIn cohort 1, 198 samples (77.6%) showed concordance between tissue and plasma next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Among the discordant cases, plasma testing detected additional genomic alterations in 11 patients (4.2%). In 50 patients without tissue‐based NGS results (cohort 3), the ctDNA‐based test detected genomic alterations in 20 samples (40.0%). The median allele frequency (AF) of mutations identified with ctDNA‐based NGS (0.74%) was lower than that identified with the tissue‐based NGS test (13.90%). Clinical responses to matched targeted therapy occurred, regardless of the ctDNA AF. Upfront ctDNA‐based testing identified 60.4% of patients with genomic alterations. In addition, ctDNA‐based testing uncovered 12.0% more actionable alterations when it was performed after tissue‐based NGS testing.ConclusionsThe results indicate that a ctDNA‐based test identifies additional patients with actionable genomic alterations and could, therefore, be used to complement traditional tissue‐based testing for NSCLC.Lay SummaryCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA)–based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) testing is becoming essential as the number of actionable genomic biomarker increases for the treatment selection of non–small cell lung cancer.This study demonstrates the additive value of ctDNA‐based testing in addition to tissue‐based NGS and standard of care–based biomarker testing for detecting additional patients with actionable genomic alterations.Clinical responses have also been observed in patients with a low allele frequency detected by ctDNA‐based NGS testing.
Cervical cytology screening facilitated by an artificial intelligence microscope: A preliminary study
Authors: Tang Hong‐Ping , Cai De , Kong Yan‐Qing , Ye Hu , Ma Zhao‐Xuan , Lv Huai‐Sheng , Tuo Lin‐Rong , Pan Qin‐Jing , Liu Zhi‐Hua , Han Xiao 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDCervical cytology screening is usually laborious with a heavy workload and poor diagnostic consistency. The authors have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) microscope that can provide onsite diagnostic assistance for cervical cytology screening in real time.METHODSA total of 2167 cervical cytology slides were selected from a cohort of 10,601 cases from Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, and the training data set consisted of 42,073 abnormal cervical epithelial cells. The recognition results of an AI technique were presented in a microscope eyepiece by an augmented reality technique. Potentially abnormal cells were highlighted with binary classification results in a 10× field of view (FOV) and with multiclassification results according to the Bethesda system in 20× and 40× FOVs. In addition, 486 slides were selected for the reader study to evaluate the performance of the AI microscope.RESULTSIn the reader study, which compared manual reading with AI assistance, the sensitivities for the detection of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were significantly improved from 0.837 to 0.923 (P < .001) and from 0.830 to 0.917 (P < .01), respectively; the κ score for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was improved from 0.581 to 0.637; the averaged pairwise κ of consistency for multiclassification was improved from 0.649 to 0.706; the averaged pairwise κ of consistency for binary classification was improved from 0.720 to 0.798; and the averaged pairwise κ of ASCUS was improved from 0.557 to 0.639.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study show that an AI microscope can provide real‐time assistance for cervical cytology screening and improve the efficiency and accuracy of cervical cytology diagnosis.
Tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in the central complex of dicondylian insects
Authors: Timm Josephine , Scherner Mara , Matschke Jannik , Kern Martina , Homberg Uwe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDopamine acts as a neurohormone and neurotransmitter in the insect nervous system and controls a variety of physiological processes. Dopaminergic neurons also innervate the central complex (CX), a multisensory center of the insect brain involved in sky compass navigation, goal‐directed locomotion and sleep control. To infer a possible influence of evolutionary history and lifestyle on the neurochemical architecture of the CX, we have studied the distribution of neurons immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Analysis of representatives from 12 insect orders ranging from firebrats to flies revealed high conservation of immunolabeled neurons. One type of TH‐immunoreactive neuron was found in all species studied. The neurons have somata in the pars intercerebralis, arborizations in the lateral accessory lobes, and axonal ramifications in the central body and noduli. In all pterygote species, a second type of tangential neuron of the upper division of the central body was TH‐immunoreactive. The neurons have cell bodies near the calyces and arborizations in the superior protocerebrum. Both types of neuron showed species‐specific variations in cell number and in the innervated areas outside and inside the CX. Additional neurons were found in only two taxa: one type of columnar neuron showed TH immunostaining in the water strider Gerris lacustris, but not in other Heteroptera, and a tritocerebral neuron innervating the protocerebral bridge was immunolabeled in Diptera. The data show largely taxon‐specific variations of a common ground pattern of putatively dopaminergic neurons that may be commonly involved in state‐dependent modulation of CX function.
Vascularized omental lymphatic transplant for upper extremity lymphedema: A systematic review
Authors: Jarvis Nicholas R. , Torres Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Forte Antonio J. , Rebecca Alanna M. , Teven Chad M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundVascularized omental lymphatic transplant (VOLT) is an increasingly popular treatment of extremity lymphedema given its promising donor site. While the success of VOLT in the treatment of lymphedema has been reported previously, several questions remain.AimTo further elucidate appropriate use of VOLT in the treatment of lymphedema, specifically addressing patient selection, harvest technique, and operative methods.Methods and ResultsA systematic review of VOLT for upper extremity lymphedema was performed. Of 115 yield studies, seven were included for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies demonstrated significant reductions in extremity circumference/volume (average volume reduction, 22.7%‐39.5%) as well as subjective improvements using patient‐reported outcomes. Though studies are heterogenous and limited, when analyzed in aggregate, suggest the efficacy of VOLT in lymphedema treatment.ConclusionThis is the largest systematic review of VOLT to date. VOLT continues to show promise as a safe and efficacious surgical intervention for lymphedema in the upper extremity. Further studies are warranted to more definitively identify patients for whom this technique is appropriate as well as ideal harvest and inset technique.
The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Payne Jack , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhilst plastics have played an instrumental role in human development, growing environmental concerns have led to increasing public scrutiny and demands for outright bans. This has stimulated considerable research into renewable alternatives, and more recently, the development of alternative waste management strategies. Herein, the aim was to highlight recent developments in the catalytic chemical recycling of two commercial polyesters, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concept of chemical recycling is first introduced, and associated opportunities/challenges are discussed within the context of the governing depolymerisation thermodynamics. Chemical recycling methods for PLA and PET are then discussed, with a particular focus on upcycling and the use of metal‐based catalysts. Finally, the attention shifts to the emergence of new materials with the potential to modernise the plastics economy. Emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed within the context of industrial feasibility.
In‐Depth Comparative Study of the Cathode Interfacial Layer for a Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Lee Jinho , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAchieving long‐term device stability is one of the most challenging issues that impede the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recent studies have emphasized the significant role of the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in determining the stability of inverted p‐i‐n PSCs. However, experimental investigations focusing on the influence of the CIL on PSC degradation have not been systematically carried out to date. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed on the PSC device stability by using four different CILs including practical oxides like ZnO and TiOx. A new implemented co‐doping approach was found to results in high device performance and enhanced device stability. The PSC with a thick film configuration of chemically modified TiOx CIL preserves over 77 % of its initial efficiencies of 17.24 % for 300 h under operational conditions without any encapsulation. The PSCs developed are among the most stable reported for methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite compositions.
Dementia or psychosis precipitated by social isolation? A brief case report in COVID‐19 pandemic times
Authors: de Oliveira Gustavo Carvalho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe year 2020 was marked by the pandemic of COVID‐19, which abruptly changed the ways of dealing with viral infections and social relationships. Cognitive, emotional, and neurological effects due to infection with this condition, as well as several health damages, are due to social isolation.AimTo recognize the consequences of and reasons behind forced social isolation and related psychosis symptoms.MethodThis is a case report of a healthy 70‐year‐old female patient who began to experience paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations after adopting strict measures that abruptly impacted her routine of activities outside the home, by confining herself at home overnight. The patient has agreed to the publication anonymously and signed an informed consent.ResultsThe patient required rapid and home treatment with risperidone antipsychotics, and eventually had a total remission of symptoms. The suspicion of dementia or another organic cause was investigated and has so far been ruled out.Discussion and conclusionsIt is suggested that the situation was triggered by abrupt and unorganized social isolation during the pandemic. A literature review on the subject was carried out, finding pertinent information about psychosis, social isolation due to COVID‐19, and the case described. The patient will follow a careful follow‐up with a plan for withdrawal of antipsychotic medication after 6 asymptomatic months with monitoring of demented prodrome. It is necessary to study more about this topic and promote planning in case of a need to adopt extreme measures, such as isolation and lockdown.
Altering metabolite distribution at Xenopus cleavage stages affects left–right gene expression asymmetries
Authors: Onjiko Rosemary M. , Nemes Peter , Moody Sally A. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe left–right (L–R) axis of most bilateral animals is established during gastrulation when a transient ciliated structure creates a directional flow of signaling molecules that establish asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm. However, in some animals, an earlier differential distribution of molecules and cell division patterns initiate or at least influence L–R patterning. Using single‐cell high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we previously reported a limited number of small molecule (metabolite) concentration differences between left and right dorsal‐animal blastomeres of the eight‐cell Xenopus embryo. Herein, we examined whether altering the distribution of some of these molecules influenced early events in L–R patterning. Using lineage tracing, we found that injecting right‐enriched metabolites into the left cell caused its descendant cells to disperse in patterns that varied from those in control gastrulae; this did not occur when left‐enriched metabolites were injected into the right cell. At later stages, injecting left‐enriched metabolites into the right cell perturbed the expression of genes known to: (a) be required for the formation of the gastrocoel roof plate (foxj1); (b) lead to the asymmetric expression of Nodal (dand5/coco); or (c) result from asymmetrical nodal expression (pitx2). Despite these perturbations in gene expression, we did not observe heterotaxy in heart or gut looping at tadpole stages. These studies indicate that altering metabolite distribution at cleavage stages at the concentrations tested in this study impacts the earliest steps of L–R gene expression that then can be compensated for during organogenesis.
Energy, exergy, and economic analysis of an integrated solar combined cycle power plant
Authors: Benabdellah Hamza Moussa , Ghenaiet Adel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntegrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plants based on Parabolic Trough Concentrators (PTCs) are the most efficient way for solar into electrical energy conversion. However, due to operation in several climate conditions, they need more efforts in their adaptation. This paper presents a techno‐economic assessment of an ISCC ‐ PTC system operating at Hassi R'mel site (Algerian Sahara) for which a new thermal storage system is incorporated. The obtained results reveal noticeable enhancements in the solar energy conversion and the overall power plant performance, hence offering better stability to the grid. As shown, the net solar thermal energy conversion ratio may reach up to 14%. Energy and exergy efficiencies are respectively equal to 56.06% and 53.29%, and about 46% of exergy received by the system is destructed. Moreover, the obtained Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is around 9.75 ¢/kWh which is very promising, but still higher compared with a simple Combined Cycle (CC). At this geographical site, the modified ISCC ‐ PTC power plant will allow saving about 30 million $ in natural gas consumption and 13 million $ in emission taxes.
Fire performance of non‐load‐bearing double‐stud light steel frame walls: Experimental tests, numerical simulation, and simplified method
Authors: Alves M.H. , Constantini G. , Ianni A. , Kimura E. F. A. , Meda Alberto , Piloto P.A.G. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDouble‐stud light steel frame (LSF) walls provide an enhanced insulation performance when exposed to fire conditions. However, the behavior of different configurations of such assemblies under fire is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fire resistance of non‐load‐bearing double‐stud LSF walls subjected to ISO834 standard fire. The walls were lined with one or two type F gypsum plasterboards on each side, using cavity uninsulated or insulated with ceramic fiber. The experimental tests revealed that a wider cavity slows the heat transfer through the cross‐section, delaying the temperature rise on the unexposed surfaces. The use of ceramic fiber insulation substantially increases the fire resistance of the wall and when the cavity is partially filled with this material, if the blanket is placed towards the exposed side, enhanced insulation fire resistance is achieved. Based on the finite element method, a numerical validation was conducted using a special hybrid approach that used experimental temperature values inside the cavities or insulation blankets. This approximation was essential to improve the numerical results. Also, the employment of an air layer, located at specific regions of the models, helped to improve the numerical results, introducing an extra thermal resistance. A new simplified approach was proposed based on the improved design model available in the literature, and the results obtained are consistent with the experimental results. The predicted insulation fire resistance of the numerical and simplified methods agreed well with the experimental results and useful information is supplied to support further numerical and experimental studies.
Villous adenoma of bladder with uncommon location in a super‐aged patient without gross hematuria
Authors: Hah Yoon Soo , Jung Hyun Jin 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThere have been few reported cases of villous adenoma of the bladder. It commonly occurs in the superior area of the bladder with hematuria as the most common symptom. Here, we have presented a case of villous adenoma of the bladder neck and reviewed the existing literature.Case presentationA 90‐year‐old man presented with voiding difficulty. Although urine analysis revealed microscopic hematuria and pyuria, the patient never complained about gross hematuria. Ultrasonography and cystoscopic examination revealed a bladder tumor located at the bladder neck. Transurethral resection was performed and villous adenoma was diagnosed by histopathologic examination.ConclusionVillous adenoma of the bladder is a rare disease, which is difficult to diagnose when the patient presents with uncommon clinical features. Although villous adenoma is known as a benign tumor, some reports suggest its association with malignancy. Therefore, careful management and follow‐up are necessary.
Global distribution of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mineral topsoils
Authors: Wilcke Wolfgang , Bigalke Moritz , Wei Chong , Han Yongming , Musa Bandowe Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHazardous oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) originate from combustion (primary sources) or postemission conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (secondary sources). We evaluated the global distribution of up to 15 OPAHs in 195 mineral topsoils from 33 study sites (covering 52° N–47° S, 71° W–118 °E) to identify indications of primary or secondary sources of OPAHs. The sums of the (frequently measured 7 and 15) OPAH concentrations correlated with those of the Σ16EPA‐PAHs. The relationship of the Σ16EPA‐PAH concentrations with the Σ7OPAH/Σ16EPA‐PAH concentration ratios (a measure of the variable OPAH sources) could be described by a power function with a negative exponent <1, leveling off at a Σ16EPA‐PAH concentration of approximately 400 ng g–1. We suggest that below this value, secondary sources contributed more to the OPAH burden in soil than above this value, where primary sources dominated the OPAH mixture. This was supported by a negative correlation of the Σ16EPA‐PAH concentrations with the contribution of the more readily biologically produced highly polar OPAHs (log octanol‐water partition coefficient <3) to the Σ7OPAH concentrations. We identified mean annual precipitation (Spearman ρ = .33, p < .001, n = 143) and clay concentrations (ρ = .55, p < .001, n = 33) as important drivers of the Σ7OPAH/Σ16EPA‐PAH concentration ratios. Our results indicate that at low PAH contamination levels, secondary sources contribute considerably and to a variable extent to total OPAH concentrations, whereas at Σ16EPA‐PAH contamination levels >400 ng g–1, there was a nearly constant Σ7OPAH/Σ16EPA‐PAH ratio (0.08 ± 0.005 [SE], n = 80) determined by their combustion sources.
New endoscopic method for gastric hypersensitivity testing: Pilot study
Authors: Momma Eri , Koeda Mai , Tanabe Tomohide , Kanai Saori , Hoshikawa Yoshimasa , Hoshino Shintaro , Kawami Noriyuki , Kaise Mitsuru , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough one of the causes of dyspeptic symptoms in functional dyspepsia patients is gastric hypersensitivity, there is currently no routine endoscopic gastric hypersensitivity test. We developed a new endoscopic method for gastric hypersensitivity testing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this method is useful for evaluating gastric hypersensitivity in drug‐resistant functional dyspepsia patients who were strongly suspected of having gastric hypersensitivity.MethodsTwenty‐seven drug‐resistant functional dyspepsia patients and 27 nonfunctional dyspepsia patients were recruited. Gastric pressure was assessed using an external pressure transducer, and the CO2 insufflation volume was measured using an endoscopic CO2‐supplied device and flow meter. The following variables were examined: gastric pressure at baseline and gastric pressure, the CO2 insufflation volume, and compliance of the stomach when patients initially felt abdominal tension following CO2 insufflation.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in baseline gastric pressure or compliance of the stomach between the groups. Drug‐resistant functional dyspepsia patients had a significantly smaller CO2 insufflation volume and lower gastric pressure when symptoms developed than nonfunctional dyspepsia patients. Based on a cutoff value of 1.25 L by receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity and specificity for gastric pressure were 85.0 and 96.3%, respectively. Similarly, based on a cutoff value of 12.7 mmHg, sensitivity and specificity for the CO2 insufflation volume were 81.5 and 81.5%, respectively.ConclusionThis endoscopic gastric hypersensitivity testing is a useful tool for evaluating the presence of gastric hypersensitivity.
Examining Wellness, Burnout, and Discrimination Among BIPOC Counseling Students
Authors: Basma Dareen , DeDiego Amanda C. , Dafoe Eric 
Published: April 2021

Counseling students who identify as Black, Indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC) may experience discrimination that negatively affects their overall wellness. This quantitative study assessed wellness, burnout, and discrimination for 105 graduate‐level BIPOC counseling students. Results showed a relationship between discrimination and wellness.Los estudiantes en programas de consejería que se identifican como personas negras, indígenas o de color (BIPOC, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden sufrir discriminación que afecte a su bienestar general de forma negativa. Este estudio cuantitativo evaluó el bienestar, agotamiento y discriminación en 105 estudiantes universitarios BIPOC en programas de grado de consejería. Los resultados mostraron una relación entre la discriminación y el bienestar.