bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strength of Poly Nanofiber Patch Under a Biaxial Tensile Loading
Authors: Sensoy Elif , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost conventional material testing apparatuses are unable to assess poly-nanofibers sheets in biaxial directions. This study reports the design and prototyping of a biaxial tensile apparatus which can measure the mechanical property of a poly nanofibers patch. Several samples were assessed using the designed biaxial tensile testing machine and results recorded. Function of the apparatus was validated versus convention methods and outcome confirmed that it is accurate and reliable for testing poly nanofibers patch.
Exploring the Relationship Between Heat Absorption and Material Thermal Parameters for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sevilla Law Torres , Radulovic Jovana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing thermal energy storage alongside renewables is a way of diminishing the energy lack that exists when renewable energies are unable to run. An in-depth understanding of the specific effect of material properties is needed to enhance the performance of thermal energy storage systems. In this paper, we used fitting models and regression analysis to quantify the effect that latent heat of melting and material density have on the overall heat absorption. A single tank system, with encapsulated phase change materials is analysed with materials properties tested in the range of values commonly found in the literature. These materials are, therefore, hypothetically constructed ones based on materials such as paraffin. The software used for the numerical analysis is COMSOL Mulitphysics. Results show that the relationship between the latent heat and density regarding heat absorbed is a positive linear function for this system.
A Novel Approach for U-Value Estimation of Buildings’ Multi-layer Walls Using Infrared Thermography and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sen Arijit , Al-Habaibeh Amin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEstimating the U-value of walls of buildings is a key process to evaluate the overall thermal performance. Low U-value in buildings is desired in order to keep heat within the envelop and consume less energy in heating. Addressing the limitations in the currently used U-value estimation techniques, this paper proposes a novel approach for estimating the U-value of the envelop of buildings using infrared thermography and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the application of a point heat source. The novel system is calibrated by training the ANN in a lab environment using a wide range of samples with multi-layers to be able to estimate the in situ U-value of walls in real buildings during field work with relatively high accuracy.
Binary versus Multiclass Deep Learning Modelling in Energy Disaggregation
Authors: Schirmer Pascal A. , Mporas Iosif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper compares two different deep-learning architectures for the use in energy disaggregation and Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring breaks down the aggregated energy consumption into individual appliance consumptions, thus detecting device operation. In detail, the “One versus All” approach, where one deep neural network per appliance is trained, and the “Multi-Output” approach, where the number of output nodes is equal to the number of appliances, are compared to each other. Evaluation is done on a state-of-the-art baseline system using standard performance measures and a set of publicly available datasets out of the REDD database.
Detection of Patterns in Pressure Signal of Compressed Air System Using Wavelet Transform
Authors: Thabet Mohamad , Sanders David , Bausch Nils 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates detecting patterns in the pressure signal of a compressed air system (CAS) with a load/unload control using a wavelet transform. The pressure signal of a CAS carries useful information about operational events. These events form patterns that can be used as ‘signatures’ for event detection. Such patterns are not always apparent in the time domain and hence the signal was transformed to the time-frequency domain. Three different CAS operating modes were considered: idle, tool activation and faulty. The wavelet transforms of the CAS pressure signal reveal unique features to identify events within each mode. Future work will investigate creating machine learning tools for that utilize these features for fault detection in CAS.
Disruption of Family Lives in the Course of Migration: ‘Tied Migrants’ and Partnership Breakup Patterns Among German (R)emigrants
Authors: Baykara-Krumme Helen , Erlinghagen Marcel , Mansfeld Lisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe chapter focuses on partnership dissolution in the course of international migration. Rather than studying mobility outcomes following the dissolution of a partnership, we ask under which conditions international migration increases the risk of separation among couples. Our analysis includes individuals in marital and non-marital relationships who leave Germany and move to another country or re-migrate back to Germany. Based on the first two waves of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS), our logistic regression estimations show that non-egalitarian, non-synchronised migration patterns are important predictors of union dissolution for male and female emigrants and remigrants. Until now, the role of family migration on the subsequent stability of a union has been largely underexplored, and this chapter contributes to closing this research gap.
Healthy Migrants? Comparing Subjective Health of German Emigrants, Remigrants, and Non-Migrants
Authors: Stawarz Nico , Ette Andreas , Rüger Heiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the self-rated health of German emigrants and remigrants compared to non-mobile Germans. Moreover, using a scale measuring self-assessed health changes, we are able to research the health dynamics immediately before and after the migration event. Data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) as well as from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) that covers the general German population are used. In researching how self-selectivity of German migrants contributes to health differences, we use linear regression models to control for a series of relevant covariates. Our findings show a healthy migrant effect for German emigrants and remigrants compared to the German general population. This advantage diminishes after controlling for the covariates, but remains relevant in size and significance. Moreover, the health advantage increases with age at the time of migration. Furthermore, we find only weak evidence that migration has a negative effect on health. The analyses rather show that more than 50% of the migrants report that their health is the same as before the migration, around 30% report health improvements, and only a minor group report worsening health.
Sense of Belonging: Predictors for Host Country Attachment Among Emigrants
Authors: Décieux Jean Philippe , Murdock Elke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGerman citizens usually leave their home country voluntarily and face fewer barriers, e.g. in terms of freedom of travel or labour market integration. However, when arriving in their host country, they are confronted with the need to adapt to life in a new society. Analysing data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study, we found that half of the emigrants developed a sense of belonging to their new host society. Moreover, we set out to examine this development of host country attachment. Guided by findings from acculturation and expatriate attachment research, we identified factors potentially contributing to host country attachment and tested these in a series of regression models. Permanence of the intended stay is the strongest predictor, and social integration also plays an important role. Host country language competence is also important for the identification processes. Regarding cultural distance, our findings suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship with certain cultural novelty facilitating the development of host country belonging. Moreover, the data point to a complex relationship between cultural characteristics of the target country and factors related to an emotional settlement.
Surveying Across Borders: The Experiences of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study
Authors: Ette Andreas , Décieux Jean P. , Erlinghagen Marcel , Guedes Auditor Jean , Sander Nikola , Schneider Norbert F. , Witte Nils 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInternational migration is often characterised as a process of immigration from economically less developed to highly developed countries. Whereas the factors driving those flows and the integration of the respective ethnic groups are widely analysed, the international mobility of the populations of precisely those affluent societies is regularly missed and less-frequently studied. The chapter describes the research design of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study as one of the first endeavours to study the internationally mobile populations from prosperous welfare states. Following an origin-based probability sampling of internationally migrating German citizens, it offers survey data to study the consequences of emigration and remigration along the life course. The chapter discusses the quality of this new data infrastructure along the survey lifecycle and compares the distribution of central demographic characteristics in the survey with official reference statistics. The aim is to establish this approach as a new avenue for studying the global lives of internationally mobile populations.
Harnessing Canada’s Potential for Global Health Leadership: Leveraging Strengths and Confronting Demons
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite its modest position on the international stage, Canada has been able to leverage significant influence in matters of global health. The country’s global health leadership draws on its strengths as a staunch participant in multilateral activities, a large funder of global health initiatives, a defender of a rule-based international order, and an active promoter of human rights, health equity, and global citizenship. These sources of strength, though, are being undermined by ongoing challenges to and recent deviations from the country’s traditional commitment to global health. Canada recently shifted its funding for global health initiatives away from its multilateral partnerships, recent actions have violated international law, findings from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission reveal how Canada’s Indigenous peoples still face many health disparities at home, and some Canadian businesses continue to operate in foreign markets with questionable human rights practices. While there are many reasons to celebrate Canadian contributions to global health, there is also much that can be improved. If Canada wants to harness its potential as a global health leader, it should focus on consolidating the sources of its strength, which will give it greater influence in matters of global health.
Übergreifende Auswertung der Ergebnisse
Authors: Schäfer Philipp 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie ermittelten und analysierten Daten zu den Recyclingverfahren der Beispielmetalle Kupfer, Tantal und Kobalt sind in diesem Kapitel in den übergreifenden Kontext des Metallrecyclings eingeordnet und ausgewertet. Dabei sind die wesentlichsten Einflussfaktoren auf die Recyclingaufwände in Abschnitt 6.1 anhand der empirischen Datenbasis aus Kapitel 5 identifiziert und diskutiert (Antwort auf Forschungsfrage (4)). Anhand dieser Datenbasis ist in Abschnitt 6.2 ein approximativer generischer Modellansatz zur Abschätzung der Energiebedarfe des Recyclings abgeleitet. Damit ist die Antwort auf die Forschungsfrage (5) gegeben. In Abschnitt 6.3 ist analysiert, welche Faktoren die aktuellen EoL-RQ beeinflussen, was auf globaler Ebene tatsächlich recycelt wird und welche Potenziale für weitere Einsparungen an Energieeinsatz und THGE durch Recycling noch existieren. Zudem ist darauf eingegangen inwieweit politische Interventionen notwendig sind bzw. vorgenommen werden sollten, um Recycling stärker hinsichtlich der Reduktion von Energieeinsatz und THGE auszurichten. Dieser Abschnitt befasst sich damit mit der Forschungsfrage (6).
Diskussion
Authors: Schäfer Philipp 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel sind die Methoden, Auswertungen und Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit kritisch reflektiert. Abschnitt 7.1 diskutiert vor dem Hintergrund des sich wandelnden globalen Energiesystems die zukünftige Entwicklung der Relevanz des KEA als Aufwandsindikator. Dabei sind ebenso die mit der Energiesystemtransformation verbundenen Implikationen für die Metallbereitstellung adressiert. In Abschnitt 7.2 ist auf die Einschränkungen und Unsicherheiten der erstellten Recyclingmodelle und vorgenommenen Auswertungen eingegangen. Eine weitere wesentliche und weitreichende Einschränkung bezieht sich auf die, für die vorgenommenen Auswertungen der KEA-optimierten EoL-RQ unumgängliche, Ein-Metall Betrachtung. Abschnitt 7.3 beinhaltet eine ausführliche Diskussion dieser Einschränkung und gibt Empfehlungen für weitere Forschungen.
Fazit
Authors: Schäfer Philipp 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungRecycling und CE sollen eine nachhaltige Entwicklung unterstützen – darüber ist man sich in der Literatur bereits einig. Wie dieses Ziel genau erreicht werden soll, unterliegt allerdings noch keinem Konsens. Dennoch sind Recycling und das Konzept der CE mittlerweile zentraler Bestandteil zahlreicher politischer Aktionspläne und die Vision der vollständig geschlossenen Materialkreisläufe ist dabei sich zu etablieren.
State of the Art des Social Sellings
Authors: Römmelt Benedikt 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff „Social Selling“ wird häufig in unterschiedliche Deutungen verwandt. In einer Symbiose der Wissenschafts- und Praktiker-Perspektiven wird der Begriff abgegrenzt und grundlegende Gemeinsamkeiten herausgearbeitet. Anschließend erfolgt die Einordnung des Social Selling ins Marketing- und Vertriebsmanagement. Auf Basis existierender Studien wird der Nutzen von Social beschrieben.
Entropic order parameters for the phases of QFT
Authors: Casini Horacio , Huerta Marina , Magán Javier M. , Pontello Diego 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose entropic order parameters that capture the physics of generalized symmetries and phases in QFT’s. We do it through an analysis of simple properties (additivity and Haag duality) of the net of operator algebras attached to space-time regions. We observe that different types of symmetries are associated with the breaking of these properties in regions of different non-trivial topologies. When such topologies are connected, we show that the non locally generated operators generate an Abelian symmetry group, and their commutation relations are fixed. The existence of order parameters with area law, like the Wilson loop for the confinement phase, or the ’t Hooft loop for the dual Higgs phase, is shown to imply the existence of more than one possible choice of algebras for the same underlying theory. A natural entropic order parameter arises by this non-uniqueness. We display aspects of the phases of theories with generalized symmetries in terms of these entropic order parameters. In particular, the connection between constant and area laws for dual order and disorder parameters is transparent in this approach, new constraints arising from conformal symmetry are revealed, and the algebraic origin of the Dirac quantization condition (and generalizations thereof) is described. A novel tool in this approach is the entropic certainty relation satisfied by dual relative entropies associated with complementary regions, which quantitatively relates the statistics of order and disorder parameters.
Dynamic environments do not appear to constrain spider web building behaviour
Authors: Mulder Tom , Wilkins Lucas , Mortimer Beth , Vollrath Fritz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany laboratory experiments demonstrate how orb-web spiders change the architecture of their webs in response to prey, surroundings and wind loading. The overall shape of the web and a range of other web parameters are determined by frame and anchor threads. In the wild, unlike the lab, the anchor threads are attached to branches and leaves that are not stationary but move, which affects the thread tension field. Here we experimentally test the effect of a moving support structure on the construction behaviour and web-parameters of the garden cross spider Araneus diadematus. We found no significant differences in building behaviour between rigid and moving anchors in total time spent and total distance covered nor in the percentage of the total time spent and distance covered to build the three major web components: radials, auxiliary and capture spirals. Moreover, measured key parameters of web-geometry were equally unaffected. These results call for re-evaluation of common understanding of spider webs as thread tensions are often considered to be a major factor guiding the spider during construction and web-operation.
Physical activity attenuates postprandial hyperglycaemia in homozygous TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation carriers
Authors: Schnurr Theresia M. , Jørsboe Emil , Chadt Alexandra , Dahl-Petersen Inger K. , Kristensen Jonas M. , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F. P. , Springer Christian , Bjerregaard Peter , Brage Søren , Pedersen Oluf , Moltke Ida , Grarup Niels , Al-Hasani Hadi , Albrechtsen Anders , Jørgensen Marit E. , Hansen Torben 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The common muscle-specific TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter loss-of-function variant defines a subtype of non-autoimmune diabetes in Arctic populations. Homozygous carriers are characterised by elevated postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Because 3.8% of the Greenlandic population are homozygous carriers, it is important to explore possibilities for precision medicine. We aimed to investigate whether physical activity attenuates the effect of this variant on 2 h plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose load.

Methods
In a Greenlandic population cohort (n = 2655), 2 h plasma glucose levels were obtained after an OGTT, physical activity was estimated as physical activity energy expenditure and TBC1D4 genotype was determined. We performed TBC1D4–physical activity interaction analysis, applying a linear mixed model to correct for genetic admixture and relatedness.

Results
Physical activity was inversely associated with 2 h plasma glucose levels (β[main effect of physical activity] −0.0033 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg−1 day−1], p = 6.5 × 10−5), and significantly more so among homozygous carriers of the TBC1D4 risk variant compared with heterozygous carriers and non-carriers (β[interaction] −0.015 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg−1 day−1], p = 0.0085). The estimated effect size suggests that 1 h of vigorous physical activity per day (compared with resting) reduces 2 h plasma glucose levels by an additional ~0.7 mmol/l in homozygous carriers of the risk variant.

Conclusions/interpretation
Physical activity improves glucose homeostasis particularly in homozygous TBC1D4 risk variant carriers via a skeletal muscle TBC1 domain family member 4-independent pathway. This provides a rationale to implement physical activity as lifestyle precision medicine in Arctic populations.

Data repository
The Greenlandic Cardio-Metabochip data for the Inuit Health in Transition study has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ega/dacs/EGAC00001000736) under accession EGAD00010001428.

Graphical abstract
Determination of effective stiffness properties of multilayered composite beams
Authors: Bîrsan Mircea , Pietras Daniel , Sadowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStarting from a Cosserat-type model for curved rods, we derive analytical expressions for the effective stiffness coefficients of multilayered composite beams with an arbitrary number of layers. For this purpose, we employ the comparison with analytical solutions of some bending, torsion, and extension problems for three-dimensional beams and rods. The layers of the composite beam consist of different orthotropic or isotropic non-homogeneous elastic materials. We apply the obtained general formulas to calculate exact analytical solutions of some beam problems and compare them with corresponding results of numerical simulations. The numerical study shows a wide range of validity and applicability of the obtained formulas.
The geometric invariants for the spectrum of the Stokes operator
Authors: Liu Genqian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor a bounded domain$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Ω⊂Rnwith smooth boundary, we explicitly calculate the first two coefficients of the asymptotic expansion for the integral of the trace of the Stokes semigroup$$e^{-t S}$$e-tSas$$t\rightarrow 0^+$$t→0+. These coefficients (i.e., spectral invariants) provide precise information for the volume of the domain$$\Omega $$Ωand the surface area of the boundary$$\partial \Omega $$∂Ωby the spectrum of the Stokes problem. As an application, we show that ann-dimensional ball is uniquely determined by its Stokes spectrum among all Euclidean bounded domains with smooth boundary.
On the Modular Operator of Mutli-component Regions in Chiral CFT
Authors: Hollands Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new approach to find the Tomita–Takesaki modular flow for multi-component regions in general chiral conformal field theory. Our method is based on locality and analyticity of primary fields as well as the so-called Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) condition. These features can be used to transform the problem to a Riemann–Hilbert problem on a covering of the complex plane cut along the regions, which is equivalent to an integral equation for the matrix elements of the modular Hamiltonian. Examples are considered.
Musculoskeletal Benefits from a Physical Activity Program in Primary School are Retained 4 Years after the Program is Terminated
Authors: Rosengren Björn E. , Lindgren Erik , Jehpsson Lars , Dencker Magnus , Karlsson Magnus K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDaily school physical activity (PA) improves musculoskeletal traits. This study evaluates whether the benefits remain 4 years after the intervention. We followed 45 boys and 36 girls who had had 40 min PA/school day during the nine compulsory school years and 21 boys and 22 girls who had had 60 min PA/school week (reference), with measurements at baseline and 4 years after the program terminated. Bone mineral content (BMC; g) and bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and knee flexion peak torque relative to total body weight (PTflexTBW) at a speed of 180 degrees/second with a computerized dynamometer. Group differences are presented as mean differences (adjusted for sex and duration of follow-up period) with 95% confidence intervals. The total gain bone mass [mean difference in spine BMC +32.0 g (14.6, 49.4) and in arms BMD of +0.06 g/cm2 (0.02, 0.09)] and gain in muscle strength [mean difference in PTflex180TBW +12.1 (2.0, 22.2)] were greater in the intervention than in the control group. There are still 4 years after the intervention indications of benefits in both bone mass and muscle strength gain. Daily school PA may counteract low bone mass and inferior muscle strength in adult life. ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT000633828 retrospectively registered 2008-11-03