bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guideline development for prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease: reduction of indications for irradiated blood components after prestorage leukodepletion of blood components
Authors: Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C. , Slomp Jennichjen , Frederik Falkenburg J. H. , Geltink Tessa , van Duijnhoven Hans L. P. , Netelenbos Tanja , Schipperus Martin R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryTransfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GVHD) is a rare, commonly fatal complication of transfusion preventable by irradiation of blood units. The revision of the Dutch transfusion guideline addressed the question whether irradiation is still necessary if blood components are prestorage leukodepleted. We searched for published cases of TA‐GVHD following transfusion of prestorage leukodepleted blood and through contacting haemovigilance systems. Six presumed cases were found, dating from 1998 to 2013. Four out of six patients had received one or more non‐irradiated units despite recognised indications for irradiated blood components. In the countries providing information, over 50 million prestorage leukodepleted, non‐irradiated, non‐pathogen‐reduced cellular components were transfused in a 10‐year period. Potential benefits of lifting indications for irradiation were considered. These include reduced irradiation costs (€ 1.5 million annually in the Netherlands) and less donor exposure for neonates. Findings were presented in an invitational expert meeting. Recommendations linked to human leukocyte antigen similarity between donor and recipient or intra‐uterine transfusion were left unchanged. Indications linked to long‐lasting deep T‐cell suppression were defined with durations of 6 or 12 months after end of treatment (e.g. autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation). Need for continued alertness to TA‐GVHD and haemovigilance reporting of erroneous non‐irradiated transfusions was emphasised.
Determining the tempo of exhumation in the eastern Himalaya: Part 2. Integrating bedrock and detrital cooling ages through thermokinematic modelling
Authors: Braza Mary , McQuarrie Nadine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe exhumation record of a fold‐thrust belt is preserved by thermochronologic minerals, such as zircon and apatite, both in exposed bedrock and in synorogenic sedimentary rocks in the foreland basin. Treating these as separate records can lead to potentially contrasting interpretations of a single exhumation history. Integrating the bedrock and detrital records with thermokinematic models of sequential deformation of a fold‐thrust belt can identify viable exhumation pathways of the bedrock and elucidate both how bedrock exhumation varies in space and time and how accurately the basin records exhumation changes in the source region. Predicted bedrock cooling ages and modelled basin thickness are used to estimate the amount and source of sediments supplied to the foreland basin during each increment of deformation to predict the detrital cooling signal over time. Applying this integrated bedrock‐detrital model to a cross‐section in Arunachal Pradesh, NE India demonstrates spatial and temporal variability in exhumation, with a background exhumation rate of <2 mm/yr, periods of rapid exhumation at rates of 3–7 mm/yr, and short pulses of 10–12 mm/yr rates during out‐of‐sequence thrusting. Our results predict that the detrital apatite fission track (DAFT) system records a constant lag time of 0.5–1 Myr. Although the response of the detrital zircon fission track (DZFT) system is more complex, the system records changes in lag time (1–5 Myr) as a function of the kinematics, deformation rates and thermal profile of the crust in the hinterland. However, the DZFT cooling signal is delayed by 1–2 Myr relative to the age of marked shifts in location, magnitude and rate of exhumation in the source region. Our models also highlight the importance of recycled foreland deposits in matching the ca. 20 Ma static peak in the DZFT record and ca. 14 Ma static peak in the DAFT record.
Overexpression of ARHGAP30 suppresses growth of cervical cancer cells by downregulating ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Wu Aijia , Lin Lan , Li Xiao , Xu Qinyang , Xu Wei , Zhu Xiaolu , Teng Yincheng , Yang Xiao‐Mei , Ai Zhihong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aimed to identify whether Rho GTPase activating proteins (RhoGAPs) were downregulated in cervical cancers and might be targeted to reduce the growth of cervical cancer using the GEO database and immunohistochemical analysis to identified changes in transcription and protein levels. We analyzed their proliferation, clone formation ability, and their growth as subcutaneous tumors in mice. To detect ARHGAP30 localization in cells, immunofluorescence assays were conducted. Mass spectrometry combined with immunoprecipitation experiments were used to identify binding proteins. Protein interactions were validated with co‐immunoprecipitation assays. Western‐blot and q‐PCR were applied to analyze candidate binding proteins that were associated with ribosome biogenesis. Puromycin incorporation assay was used to detect the global protein synthesis rate. We identified that ARHGAP30 was the only downregulated RhoGAP and was related to the survival of cervical cancer patients. Overexpression of ARHGAP30 in cervical cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. ARHGAP30 immunoprecipitated proteins were enriched in the ribosome biogenesis process. ARHGAP30 was located in the nucleous and interacted with nucleolin (NCL). Overexpression of ARHGAP30 inhibited rRNA synthesis and global protein synthesis. ARHGAP30 overexpression induced the ubiquitination of NCL and decreased its protein level in Hela cells. The function of ARHGAP30 on cervical cancer cell ribosome biogenesis and proliferation was independent of its RhoGAP activity as assessed with a RhoGAP‐deficient plasmid of ARHGAP30R55A. Overall, the findings revealed that ARHGAP30 was frequently downregulated and associated with shorter survival of cervical cancer patients. ARHGAP30 may suppress growth of cervical cancer by reducing ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis through promoting ubiquitination of NCL.
Bone mass in newborns and its predictors
Authors: Ramot Rekha , Kachhawa Garima , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Khadgawat Rajesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveOptimal bone mass (a function of foetal programming and adequate intrauterine bone mineral accrual) is essential for prevention of osteoporosis. The present study was planned with the objectives to describe newborn bone mass (NBBM) and study the associated factors.DesignObservational study Patients: Singleton pregnant women ≤16 weeks gestation.MeasurementsMaternal factors and antenatal events: Dietary assessment (3 days‐24‐h diet recalls at ≤16 and 32‐34 weeks), fetal femoral volume (FFV) assessment at 19 and 34 weeks, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (S.25OHD) and placental weight. Newborn anthropometric parameters, cord S.25OHD & IGF‐1 level and NBBM by DXA (whole‐body bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone area).ResultsTotal 224 subjects were studied: 198 full‐term and 26 preterm. The mean BMC, BMD and bone area for term newborns was 46.5 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.35–47.66), 0.209 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.206–0.212) and 221.6 cm2 (95% CI: 218.52–224.62), respectively. The mean placental weight was 403.2 ± 75.01 g (n = 72) while FFV was 0.71 ± 0.28 ml (19 weeks; n = 59) and 4.4 ± 1.17 ml (34 weeks; n = 33). Factors significantly associated with NBBM ‐gestational age at delivery, gestational weight gain, FFV at 19 weeks, placental weight, third‐trimester maternal serum albumin and newborn anthropometric parameters (univariable analysis) and newborn birth weight, placental weight and FFV at 19 weeks (multivariable analysis).ConclusionThis study described NBBM among term newborns and birth weight, second‐trimester FFV and placental weight were the associated factors.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging research in China
Authors: Sun Hongzan , He Yong , Cao Heqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) non‐invasively measures the activity of the human brain and provides a unique technological tool for investigating aspects of the human brain including cognition, development, and disorders. As one of the main funding agencies for basic research in China, the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (NSFC) has initiated various research programs during the last two decades that are related to fMRI research. In this review, we collected and analyzed the metadata of the projects and published studies in research fields using fMRI that were funded by the NSFC. We observed a trend of increasing funding amounts from the NSFC for fMRI research, typically from the General Program and Key Program. Leading research institutes from economically developed municipalities and provinces received the most support and formed close collaboration relationships. Finally, we reviewed several representative achievements from research institutions in china, involving data analysis methods, brain connectomes, and computational platforms in addition to their applications in brain disorders.
Representation of the world's biophysical conditions by the global protected area network
Authors: Biber Matthias F. , Voskamp Alke , Hof Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are often implemented without consideration of already existing PAs, which is likely to cause an overrepresentation of certain biophysical conditions. We assessed the representativeness of the current PA network with regard to the world's biophysical conditions to highlight which conditions are underprotected and where these conditions are located. We overlaid terrestrial and marine PAs with information on biophysical conditions (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and elevation) and then quantified the percentage of area covered by the PA network. For 1 variable at a time in the terrestrial realm, high temperature, low precipitation, and medium and very high elevation were underrepresented. For the marine realm, low and medium sea surface temperature (SST), medium and high sea surface salinity (SSS), and the deep sea were underrepresented. Overall, protection was evenly distributed for elevation across the terrestrial realm and SST across the marine realm. For 2 variables at a time, cold and very dry terrestrial environments had mostly low protection, which was also the case for low SST and low and medium SSS across most depths for marine environments. Low protection occurred mostly in the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula for the terrestrial realm and along the Tropic of Capricorn and toward the poles for the marine realm. Although biodiversity measures are of prime importance for the design of PA networks, highlighting biophysical gaps in current PAs adds a frequently overlooked perspective. These gaps may weaken the potential of PAs to conserve biodiversity. Thus, our results may provide useful insights for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to establish a more comprehensive global PA network.
Identifying and mitigating the impacts on primates of transportation and service corridors
Authors: Galea Benjamin , Humle Tatyana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost primate populations are declining; 60% of species face extinction. The expansion of transportation and service corridors (T&S) (i.e., roads and railways and utility and service lines) poses a significant yet underappreciated threat. With the development of T&S corridors predicted to increase across primates' ranges, it is necessary to understand the current extent of its impacts on primates, the available options to mitigate these effectively, and recognize research and knowledge gaps. By employing a systematic search approach to identify literature that described the relationship between primates and T&S corridors, we extracted information from 327 studies published between 1980 and 2020. Our results revealed that 218 species and subspecies across 62 genera are affected, significantly more than the 92 listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The majority of studies took place in Asia (45%), followed by mainland Africa (31%), the Neotropics (22%), and Madagascar (2%). Brazil, Indonesia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and Madagascar contained the greatest number of affected primate species. Asia featured the highest number of species affected by roads, electrical transmission lines, and pipelines and the only studies addressing the impact of rail and aerial tramways on primates. The impact of seismic lines only emerged in the literature from Africa and the Neotropics. Impacts are diverse and multifaceted, for example, animal–vehicle collisions, electrocutions, habitat loss and fragmentation, impeded movement and genetic exchange, behavioral changes, exposure to pollution, and mortality associated with hunting. Although several mitigation measures were recommended, only 41% of studies focused on their implementation, whereas only 29% evaluated their effectiveness. Finally, there was a clear bias in the species and regions benefiting from research on this topic. We recommend that government and conservation bodies recognize T&S corridors as a serious and mounting threat to primates and that further research in this area is encouraged.
Risk factors and treatment of rectal stenosis after transanal endoscopic microsurgery
Authors: Ran Liu , Chuanwang Yan , Wei Shang , Wenguang Yuan , Liang Hao , Jiancheng Zhai , Wen Li , Hui Yang , Lijian Xia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimRectal stenosis is a relatively rare complication after transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). This study aims to identify the predictive parameters for stenosis and the application of TEM in the treatment.MethodThe clinical data of patients who underwent TEM for rectal adenoma and early cancer from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with stenosis and those without stenosis and analysed the risk factors for stenosis. Treatment outcomes of stenosis with TEM were evaluated.ResultsA total of 230 patients were enrolled in this study. Overall, the postoperative complication rate was 11.7% (27/230), including eight (3.5%) patients with stenosis. Patients with stenosis exhibited a higher rate of tumour showing a laterally spreading morphology (P = 0.048), a wider circumferential extent of mucosal defect (P < 0.001), a shorter distance of the tumour from the anal verge (P = 0.001) and a wider longitudinal extent of mucosal defect (P = 0.027). A circumferential extent of mucosal defect >3/4 (OR 94.945, 95% CI 3.611–2496.41, P = 0.006) was identified as the only independent risk factor for stenosis. The four patients with both stenosis and clinical symptoms were treated by incising the stenosis ring using the TEM platform; the stenosis was cured, and symptoms disappeared after one to four courses of treatment.ConclusionsCircumferential extent of mucosal defect ≥3/4 was an independent risk factor for stenosis in treating rectal adenoma and early cancer with TEM. Incision of the stenosis ring using the TEM platform is an effective strategy for treating stenosis.
Neurodualism: People Assume that the Brain Affects the Mind more than the Mind Affects the Brain
Authors: Valtonen Jussi , Ahn Woo‐kyoung , Cimpian Andrei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople commonly think of the mind and the brain as distinct entities that interact, a view known as dualism. At the same time, the public widely acknowledges that science attributes all mental phenomena to the workings of a material brain, a view at odds with dualism. How do people reconcile these conflicting perspectives? We propose that people distort claims about the brain from the wider culture to fit their dualist belief that minds and brains are distinct, interacting entities: Exposure to cultural discourse about the brain as the physical basis for the mind prompts people to posit that mind–brain interactions are asymmetric, such that the brain is able to affect the mind more than vice versa. We term this hybrid intuitive theory neurodualism. Five studies involving both thought experiments and naturalistic scenarios provided evidence of neurodualism among laypeople and, to some extent, even practicing psychotherapists. For example, lay participants reported that “a change in a person's brain” is accompanied by “a change in the person's mind” more often than vice versa. Similarly, when asked to imagine that “future scientists were able to alter exactly 25% of a person's brain,” participants reported larger corresponding changes in the person's mind than in the opposite direction. Participants also showed a similarly asymmetric pattern favoring the brain over the mind in naturalistic scenarios. By uncovering people's intuitive theories of the mind–brain relation, the results provide insights into societal phenomena such as the allure of neuroscience and common misperceptions of mental health treatments.
Limits on the Agent‐First Strategy: Evidence from Children's Comprehension of a Transitive Construction in Korean
Authors: Shin Gyu‐Ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has long been believed across languages that theAgent‐Firststrategy, a comprehension heuristic that maps the first noun onto the agent role, is a general cognitive bias which applies automatically and faithfully to children's comprehension. The present study asks how this strategy interplays with such grammatical cues as the number of overt arguments and the presence of case‐marking in Korean, an SOV language with case‐marking by dedicated markers. To investigate whether and how these cues affect the operation of this strategy, we measure children's comprehension of a transitive construction (with scrambling and omission of sentential components) in a novel experimental setting where arguments and case markers were obscured to varying degrees through acoustic masking. We find that children do not demonstrate the agent‐first interpretation strongly in the noun–verb pattern without case‐marking, showing their uncertainty about the thematic role of the nominal when it is both the only argument in the sentence and lacks case‐marking. They perform significantly better in the patterns with additional cues, the impact of which is asymmetric by age and by the nature of alignment between cues from word order and case‐marking. These findings suggest that, for Korean‐speaking children's comprehension of a transitive construction, theAgent‐Firststrategy is activated properly only in conjunction with other types of interpretive cues.
Degludec hospital trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing insulin degludec U100 and glargine U100 for the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J. , Pasquel Francisco J. , Vellanki Priyathama , Alicic Radica , Lam David W. , Fayfman Maya , Migdal Alexandra L. , Davis Georgia M. , Cardona Saumeth , Urrutia Maria A. , Perez‐Guzman Citlalli , Zamudio‐Coronado Karla Walkiria , Peng Limin , Tuttle Katherine R. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsLimited data exist about the use of insulin degludec in the hospital. This multicentre, non‐inferiority, open‐label, prospective randomized trial compared the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec‐U100 and glargine‐U100 for the management of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn total, 180 general medical and surgical patients with an admission blood glucose (BG) between 7.8 and 22.2 mmol/L, treated with oral agents or insulin before hospitalization were randomly allocated (1:1) to a basal‐bolus regimen using degludec (n = 92) or glargine (n = 88), as basal and aspart before meals. Insulin dose was adjusted daily to a target BG between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean hospital daily BG between groups.ResultsOverall, the randomization BG was 12.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L and glycated haemoglobin 84 mmol/mol (9.8% ± 2.0%). There were no differences in mean daily BG (10.0 ± 2.1 vs. 10.0 ± 2.5 mmol/L, p = .9), proportion of BG in target range (54·5% ± 29% vs. 55·3% ± 28%, p = .85), basal insulin (29.6 ± 13 vs. 30.4 ± 18 units/day, p = .85), length of stay [median (IQR): 6.7 (4.7‐10.5) vs. 7.5 (4.7‐11.6) days, p = .61], hospital complications (23% vs. 23%, p = .95) between treatment groups. There were no differences in the proportion of patients with BG <3.9 mmol/L (17% vs. 19%, p = .75) or <3.0 mmol/L (3.7% vs. 1.3%, p = .62) between degludec and glargine.ConclusionHospital treatment with degludec‐U100 or glargine‐U100 is equally safe and effective for the management of hyperglycaemia in general medical and surgical patients with type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in chronic and recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hanumanthu Vinod , Thakur Vishal , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractManagement of chronic/recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is challenging. The majority of these patients become steroid‐dependent and suffer from the adverse effects of long‐term corticosteroid use. Minocycline has shown promising results in a small series of chronic/recurrent ENL patients. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of minocycline and clofazimine in patients with chronic/recurrent ENL. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 60 participants with chronic/recurrent ENL were randomized (1:1) to receive either minocycline 100 mg once daily or clofazimine 100 mg thrice daily for 12 weeks along with prednisolone according to WHO protocol and followed up for 6 months. The outcome measures were mean time for initial control of ENL, proportion of patients having a recurrence of ENL, mean time for recurrence after initial control, additional prednisolone requirement, and frequency of adverse events. Initial control of ENL was achieved earlier in the minocycline group as compared to the clofazimine group (2.97 ± 1.9 weeks vs. 4 ± 1.96 weeks, respectively; p‐0.048). The number of participants having ENL flares/recurrences during the study period was comparable in both groups (71.4% in clofazimine vs. 55.2% in minocycline group; p‐0.2). The participants in the minocycline group remained in remission for a longer duration after initial control of ENL as compared to the clofazimine group (p‐0.001). Mean additional prednisolone dose required for control of ENL flares/recurrences was also comparable in both groups (p‐0.09). The minocycline group had fewer side effects than the clofazimine group (p‐0.047). Minocycline led to a rapid and sustained improvement of ENL episodes with fewer adverse events showing a superior efficacy to clofazimine.