bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Mono- and Combination Pharmacotherapy in Men and Women with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in the UK: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ali Mahmood , Landeira Margarita , Covernton Patrick J O , Choudhury Nurul , Jaggi Ashley , Fatoye Francis , Maanen Rob van 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Combination pharmacotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is beneficial to selected patients and recommended by guidelines. Patterns of real-world LUTS drug use, especially combination pharmacotherapy, have not been studied extensively. Moreover, further understanding of the recent landscape is required following the introduction of the beta-3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron in the UK in 2013 for overactive bladder (OAB). The objective was to describe mono- and combination pharmacotherapy use for LUTS in patients in UK clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational database study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and linked databases. Men and women ≥ 18 years with a first prescription for any LUTS drug from 2014–2016 with ≥ 12 months continuous enrolment pre- and post-index date were included. Primary endpoints were mono- or combination pharmacotherapy use for LUTS in male and female cohorts. Secondary endpoints were description of treatment prescribed, treatment persistence and patient demographics. Data were analyzed descriptively. Sub-cohorts were defined by drugs prescribed at index date.Results: 79,472 patients (61.3% male) were included, based on index treatments. Of all men, 82.5% received any benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) drug, 25.4% any OAB drug, and 7.9% any BPO drug plus any OAB drug. As either mono- or combination pharmacotherapy, 77.1% received an alpha-blocker, 18.9% a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, 23.9% an antimuscarinic agent, and 2.1% mirabegron. Of all women, 94.5% received any OAB drug, 6.0% duloxetine, and 0.5% any OAB drug plus duloxetine. As either mono- or combination pharmacotherapy, 87.7% received an antimuscarinic, and 9.7% mirabegron. In men or women receiving OAB treatment, approximately 2.5% received combination pharmacotherapy with an antimuscarinic agent and mirabegron. For OAB drug monopharmacotherapies, mirabegron had the highest persistence in both male and female cohorts. Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the recent landscape of LUTS drug use in UK clinical practice. It highlights potential undertreatment of storage symptoms in men and the low use of combination OAB treatments.
Urban Flood Event and Associated Damage in the Benue Valley, Nigeria
Authors: Ologunorisa Temi , Ogbuokiri Obioma , Eludoyin Adebayo Oluwole 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Flooding events in the Lower Benue valley of Nigeria are often associated with huge damage to properties and loss of life in the adjoining communities. Specific objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of 2017 flood event as typical of the study area. Method used was an integrated environmental approach that combines analysis of rainfall and discharge data with social surveys, remote sensing and geographical information system. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) as well as flood damage curves were analysed with landuse/cover change and soil data to establish the nature of the flood and its impacts. Result showed that the flood in the study area is essentially saturation overland flow, which is more associated with saturation-excess than infiltration excess flow, and that the flood events are recurrent and predictable. 85% of the affected residents are however poor, earning an equivalent of US $4.3 daily, and live in non-reinforced concrete masonry (64%) and wooden buildings (24%). Many of the affected communities lived within flood plain and most buildings were structurally deficient. Victims received no compensation, and the properties were generally uninsured. The study recommends extensive flood control policy for the area and similar flood-prone communities.
Genomic Heterogeneity of Multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) in Chinese population
Authors: Gu Chundong , Zhou Fachen , Zhao Lei , Wang Jin , Zhang Yixiang , Wang Peng , Lv Changsheng , Zhao Shilei , Guo Tao , Li Fengzhou , Zhu Yuntao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIt is clinically challenging to infer the phylogenetic relationship between different tumor lesions of patient with multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLC), whether these lesions are the result of independently evolved tumor or intrapulmonary metastases.MethodsUsing Illumina X10 platform, we sequenced a total number of 128 stage I lung cancer samples collected from 64 patients with MSLC. All samples were analyzed for mutation spectra and phylogenetic inference.ResultsWe detected genetic aberrations within genes previously reported to be recurrently altered in lung adenocarcinoma including EGFR, ERBB2, TP53, BRAF and KRAS. Other identified putative driver mutations are enriched in RTK-RAS signaling, TP53 signaling and cell cycle. Also we found some interesting cases, two cases which carried EGFR L858R and T790M co-mutation in one tumor and another tumor with only EGFR 19del, and 1 case with two KRAS hotspots in the same tumor. Due to the short follow-up time and early stage, whether the special mutation profile will affect the PFS and OS of these patients need further investigation. For the genetic evolution, among 64 tumor samples, 50 of them display distinct mutational profile, suggesting these are independently evolved tumors, which is consistent with histopathological assessment. On the other hand, 7 patients were identified to be intrapulmonary metastasis as the mutations harbored in different lesions are clonally related. ConclusionIn summary, unlike intrapulmonary metastases, patients with MSLC harbor distinct genomic profile in different tumor lesions and we may distinguish MSLC from intrapulmonary metastases via clonality estimation.
Facility-Level Conditions Leading to Higher Reach: A Configurational Analysis of National VA Weight Management Programming
Authors: Miech Edward J. , Freitag Michelle B. , Evans Richard , Burns Jennifer A. , Wiitala Wyndy , Annis Ann , Raffa Susan D. , Spohr Stephanie A. , Damschroder Laura J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: While the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) MOVE! weight management program is effective in helping patients lose weight and is available at every VHA medical center across the United States, reaching patients to engage them in treatment remains a challenge. Facility-based MOVE! programs vary in structures, processes of programming and levels of reach, with no single factor explaining variation in reach. Configurational analysis, based on Boolean algebra and set theory, represents a mathematical approach to data analysis well-suited for discerning how conditions interact and identifying multiple pathways leading to the same outcome. We applied configurational analysis to identify facility-level obesity treatment program arrangements that directly link to higher reach.Methods: A national survey was fielded in March 2017 to elicit information about more than 75 different components of obesity treatment programs in all VHA medical centers. This survey data was linked to facility-level reach scores available through administrative data. Reach scores were calculated by dividing the total number of Veterans who are candidates for obesity treatment by the number of “new” MOVE! visits in 2017 for each program and then multiplied by 1000. Programs with the top 40% highest reach scores (n=50) were compared to those in the lowest 40% (n=50). Configurational analysis was applied to identify specific combinations of conditions linked to reach rates. Results: 125 MOVE! program representatives responded to the survey and had complete reach data. The final solution consisted of 5 distinct pathways comprising combinations of program components related to pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and comprehensive lifestyle intervention; 3 of the 5 pathways depended on the size/complexity of medical center. The 5 pathways explained 78% (39/50) of the facilities in the higher-reach group with 87% consistency (39/45). Conclusions: Specific combinations of facility-level conditions identified through configurational analysis uniquely distinguished facilities with higher reach from those with lower reach. Solutions demonstrated the importance of local context plus specific program components link together to account for a key implementation outcome. These findings will guide system recommendations about optimal program structures to maximize reach to patients who would benefit from obesity treatment such as the MOVE! program.
A New Class of Multi-Armed Antibiotics with Low Risk of Resistance
Authors: Jia Yuexiao , Chen Wenwen , Tang Rongbing , Dong Ruihua , Liu Xiaoyan , Hu Fupin , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a serious threat to public health. New antibacterial agents with novel structures or targets are urgently needed. Here we discover a new class of multi-armed antibiotics (MAAs) structurally distinct from known antibiotics. MAAs possess a multi-armed structure composed of a nucleus like ethylene, carbon, benzene, nitrogen or triazine, and three or four symmetrical arms like phenylbenzoic acid or 4-methynylbenzoic acid. The independence from a fixed functional moiety greatly increases their molecular diversity and avoids the rapid emergence of resistance. MAAs have excellent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. The action mechanism involves selective internalization into Gram-positive bacteria, inhibition of cell wall assembly and influence on cell membrane. Our study not only identifies seven potential antibiotics but also provides a completely new chemical library for future antibiotic designs. Their unique structure and multiple action mechanism alow us to develop a large family of antibiotics with low risk of resistance.
The impact of the molecular profile of the tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of NSCLC
Authors: Ying Hangjie , Hang Qingqing , Cheng Guoping , Yang Shifeng , Jin Jianan , Chen Qixun , Jiang Youhua , Zhao Qiang , Lai Xiaojing , Chen Ming , Fang Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose The present study was performed to clarify the correlation between macrophages, tumor neo-vessels and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the prognostic factors of stromal features in NSCLC. Methods Tissue microarrays containing 92 NSCLC patients were studied with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The distribution and quantitative data of CD68- and CD206-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor islets and tumor stroma, and the expression of tumor neo‑vessels and PD-L1, were analyzed by inverted microscopy and Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Prognostic analyses with the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor microenvironment features were performed. Results The number of CD68-positive macrophages in each location of the tumor islets and tumor stroma was significantly higher than that of CD206-positive macrophages, and they were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001). Survival analysis revealed that CD68- and CD206-positive TAMs in the tumor stroma and tumor islets were significant prognostic factors (P < 0.05, respectively). Comprehensive analysis of CD206-positive stromal TAMs showed that CD105 and PD-L1 were significant prognostic factors (P=0.045). Moreover, CD68-positive TAMs in tumor islets and the expression of PD-L1 were independent predictors of poor prognosis for NSCLC. Conclusion Thus, the key elements in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor neo‑vessels, macrophages and PD-L1, were heterogenic in NSCLC tissues and had significant roles in cancer invasion and metastasis. The combined analysis of key components in the tumor microenvironment was an important prognostic factor.
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Ellagic Acid and Taurine on Lipid Profile and Gene Expressions of NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α against Fluoxetine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Beigi Tayebeh , Satvati Mahdi , Safi Amir , Meshkibaf Mohammad Hassan , Ahmadi Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fluoxetine by increasing free radicals can cause hepatotoxicity. Ellagic acid and taurine have antioxidant properties. In this study, the protective effects of ellagic acid and taurine against fluoxetine-induced liver damage were examined
Methods
The animals were divided into five groups as follows: group 1: controls receiving corn oil; group 2: receiving fluoxetine 15 mg/kg body weight (bw); group 3: receiving fluoxetine 15mg/kg bw and ellagic acid 50 mg/kg bw; group 4: receiving fluoxetine 15 mg/kg bw and taurine 100 mg/kg bw; and group 5: receiving 15mg/kg bw, ellagic acid 50 mg/kg bw, and taurine 100 mg/kg bw.
Results
Fluoxetine significantly raised serum uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), lipids profile, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and serum interleukin-1 beta; and gene expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1B), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, it significantly decreased (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), catalase (CAT), vitamin C, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver compared to group 1. Treatment with ellagic acid and taurine significantly elevated antioxidant capacity and decreased hepatotoxic biochemical parameters and cells’ inflammation compared to group 2. Also, the results confirm that treatment with ellagic acid and taurine improved tissue change and liver function.
Conclusion
Our study has concluded the beneficial effect of ellagic acid and taurine against fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity. This effect is derived from free radical scavenging properties and the anti-inflammatory effect related to IL-1B, NF-κB, TNF-α.
Long-lasting synaptic regulation of dopamine neurons by astrocytes in the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Requie Linda , Gómez-Gonzalo Marta , Managò Francesca , Congiu Mauro , Melone Marcello , Chiavegato Angela , Arianna Arianna , Pacinelli Giada , Giovanni Marsicano , Papaleo Francesco , Muntoni Anna , Conti Fiorenzo , Carmignoto Giorgio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The plasticity of glutamatergic transmission in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) represents a fundamental mechanism in the modulation of dopamine neuron burst firing and the phasic dopamine release at VTA target regions. These processes encode basic behavioral responses, including locomotor activity, learning and motivated-behaviors. Here we describe a hitherto unidentified mechanism of long-lasting potentiation of glutamatergic synapses on DA neurons. We found that VTA astrocytes respond to dopamine neuron bursts with Ca2+ elevations that require activation of endocannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors colocalized at the same astrocytic process. Astrocytes, in turn, release glutamate that, through presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor activation coupled with neuronal nitric oxide production, induces long-lasting potentiation of excitatory synapses on adjacent dopamine neurons. Consistent with this finding, selective activation of VTA astrocytes increases dopamine neuron bursts in vivo and induces locomotor hyperactivity. Astrocytes play, therefore, a key role in the modulation of VTA dopamine neuron activity.
Thermal study of clogging during filament-based material extrusion additive manufacturing: Experimental-numerical study
Authors: Taheri Zahra , Esfahani Ali Karimnejad , Ramiar Abas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the major drawbacks of material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) is hot-end clogging. This study aims to answer the question, “What thermal conditions lead to clogging during filament-based material extrusion?” Answering this question requires a clear understanding of temperature distribution inside the liquefier. However, this could not be achieved only through experimental measurements. Therefore, numerical simulations were also carried out by developing a 3D finite volume model of the hot-end. The results obtained from numerical simulations show good agreement with experimental measurements. They also give us a detailed picture of the temperature gradient near the nozzle. Moreover, a series of experiments were performed to determine when clogging occurs, and some criteria for avoiding clogging were presented. These results were also compared and combined with the numerical results to investigate the thermal condition leading to clogging. As the results show, overheating the heat barrier increases the length of the filament, whose temperature is above the glass transition temperature. As this length exceeds a critical value, the filament buckles under the extruder motor force and clogging occurs.
Impacts of near‑future ocean warming on microbial community composition of the stomach of the soft‑bottom sea star Luidia clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
Authors: Curtis Michelle D , Morrow Casey D , McClintock James B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is growing evidence that environmental changes caused by climate change can impact the microbiome of marine invertebrates. Such changes can have important implications for the overall health of the host. In the present study we investigated the impact of chronic exposure to an ambient (28°C) and a predicted mid- (30°C) and end-of-century (32°C) seawater temperature on microbiome modification in tissues of the cardiac stomach of the abundant predatory sea star Luidia clathrata collected in September 2018 from Apalachee Bay, Florida (29°58’N, 84°19’W) in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Diversity (Shannon index) was lowest among the microbial community of stomach tissue when compared to the microbiome of the artificial sea star feed, and aquarium sand and seawater across all three experimental temperature treatments. Moreover, the stomach microbial community composition was distinct between each of the four sample types. Exposure to the highest experimental temperature treatment (32°C) resulted in a significant modification of the composition of the microbial community in stomach and sand samples, but not in seawater samples when compared to those from the current mean ambient GOM temperature (28°C). Importantly, at the most elevated temperature the stomach microbiome shifted from a Vibrio sp. dominated community to a more diverse community with higher proportions of additional taxa including Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. This microbiome shift could impact the digestive functionality and ultimately the health of L. clathrata, a key soft-bottom predator in the northern GOM.
Evaluation of the Anterior Chamber Angle by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography After Implantable Phakic Contact Lens Implantation in Myopic Eyes.
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Salah El-Din , Mohamed Asmaa Anwar , Zein Hosny Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the angle of the AC and lens vault after IPCL implantation by AS-OCT in myopic patients.Methods: A prospective observational study involving 30 myopic eyes which were implanted with IPCL with AS-OCT was used for evaluation of the anterior chamber angle parameters as anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD) and, trabecular iris space area (TISA) and lens vault at 1,3 and 6 months postoperatively.Results: There were high significant changes between the preoperative values of ACA, AOD and, TISA and first follow-up after 1 month postoperatively with no significant changes between second and third follow-up after 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Regarding the vault, there were stable vault values with no significant changes after 6 months follow-up.Conclusion: IPCL is a safe method of correction of myopia with stable AC angle narrowing which was monitored by the safe noncontact tool, AS-OCT.
Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas using a swept-source optical coherence tomography biometer in high myopia
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ye Zi , Chen Wenqian , Gao Yi , Ma Tianju , Li Zhaohui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in cataract patients with high myopia using the measurements of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer, the IOLMaster700.Methods: Patients with axial length (AL) equal to or longer than 26.00mm undergoing uneventful cataract surgery were enrolled. Kane, Hill-RBF3.0, EVO, Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK/T formulas were evaluated with the measurements taken by IOLMaster700. The manifest refraction was measured at one month postoperatively. After the mean refractive errors were zeroed out, the mean absolute error (MAE), the median absolute error (MedAE), the standard deviation of prediction error (SD), and the percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 diopter (D) were calculated. A subgroup analysis was based on the axial length.Results: 65 eyes of 65 patients were included. There were significant differences between the absolute refractive errors predicted by these formulas (P＜0.05), but no significant differences between the percentage of eyes within a certain range of refractive errors (P＞0.05). The Kane formula achieved the lowest MAE (0.323D), SD (0.402D), followed by EVO, Hill-RBF3.0, Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK/T formulas. The Kane formula also had the highest percentage of eyes with refractive errors within ±0.50D (80.0%) and ±1.00D (98.5%). The Hill-RBF3.0 formula achieved the lowest MedAE (0.240D). In eyes with an AL ≥ 30.00mm, the Kane formula had the lowest MAE (0.358D).Conclusion: Newer formulas such as Kane, EVO, Hill-RBF3.0, and Barrett Universal II show the highest accuracy in refractive prediction in eyes with high myopia while using the measurements of IOLMaster700. In extremely myopic eyes with an AL ≥ 30.00mm, the Kane formula is the most accurate.