bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Off-Target Effects in CRISPR/Cas9 System by Ensemble Learning
Authors: Fan Yongxian , Xu Haibo 
Published: August 2021

Background:
CRISPR/Cas9, a new generation of targeted gene editing technology with low
cost and simple operation has been widely employed in the field of gene editing. The erroneous cutting
of off-target sites in CRISPR/Cas9 is called off-target effect, which is also the biggest complication that
CRISPR/Cas9 confronts in practical application. To be specific, the off-target effects could lead to unexpected
gene editing results. Therefore, accurately predicting CRISPR/Cas9 off-target effect is a very
important task. Predicting off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 by machine learning method is feasible,
but most existing off-target tools did not pay close attention to the effects of gene encoding on prediction.

Methods:
We compared three encoding methods based on One-Hot and combined the gene sequence
with four CRISPR/Cas9 off-target prediction tools to build an ensemble model with XGBoost, designated
as XGBCRISPR. The grid search is employed to find the optimal parameters to achieve the best performance.

Results:
The performance is compared with existing tools based on the ROC value and PRC value. The
experimental results show that the XGBCRISPR model is superior to the existing tools.

Conclusion:
The new model could achieve better prediction result than existing tools, but the accuracy
of model can be improved further as many off-target scores appear.
Hypoxia Boosts Aerobic Glycolysis in Carcinoma: A Complex Process for
Tumour Development
Authors: Zheng Xiuqin , Fan Hui , Liu Yang , Wei Zhonghong , Li Xiaoman , Wang Aiyun , Chen Wenxing , Lu Yin 
Published: August 2021

:
Hypoxia, a common feature of malignant tumours, is mainly caused by insufficient oxygen
supply. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, affecting cancer invasion, metastasis,
energy metabolism, and other pathological processes, and is not conducive to cancer treatment
and prognosis. Tumour cells exacerbate metabolic abnormalities to adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment,
especially to enhance aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis leads to an acidic microenvironment
in cancer tissues, enhancing cancer metastasis, deterioration, and drug resistance. Therefore,
hypoxia is a therapeutic target that cannot be ignored in cancer treatment. The adaptation of tumour
cells to hypoxia is mainly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and the stability of
HIFs is improved under hypoxic conditions. HIFs can promote glycolysis in tumours by regulating
glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and the TCA cycle. In addition, HIFs indirectly affect glycolysis
by interacting with non- coding RNAs. Therefore, targeting hypoxia and HIFs is important for tumour
therapy.
PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Anak ADHD (Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder)
Authors: Sari Virgian Ferda , Sukerti Ni Wayan 
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to identify the effects of PECS on the social skills of a student with ADHD, who experienced delayed in communication and social interaction. This research used Single Subject Design, with A-B-A design as the research design. The data were presented using graphics and analyzed using visual analysis. The subject of this research was a first grader with ADHD in an Inclusive Elementary School. The result of this research showed that there was an effect on the implementation of PECS on the social skill of a student with ADHD; the student’s tendency to refuse the invitation to play together with others decreased. Moreover, the implementation of PECS enabled the student to understand the kinds of social skills that could be done together through PECS’s interactive pictures. Furthermore, it was found that PECS could optimize the student’s communicative and cognitive aspects.
Finding Relevant Psychoeducation Content for Adolescents Experiencing Symptoms of Depression: Content Analysis of User-Generated Online Texts
Authors: Dysthe Kim K , Haavet Ole R , Røssberg Jan I , Brandtzaeg Petter B , Følstad Asbjørn , Klovning Atle 
Published: August 2021

Background
Symptoms of depression are frequent in youth and may develop into more severe mood disorders, suggesting interventions should take place during adolescence. However, young people tend not to share mental problems with friends, family, caregivers, or professionals. Many receive misleading information when searching the internet. Among several attempts to create mental health services for adolescents, technological information platforms based on psychoeducation show promising results. Such development rests on established theories and therapeutic models. To fulfill the therapeutic potential of psychoeducation in health technologies, we lack data-driven research on young peoples’ demand for information about depression.

Objective
Our objective is to gain knowledge about what information is relevant to adolescents with symptoms of depression. From this knowledge, we can develop a population-specific psychoeducation for use in different technology platforms.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative, constructivist-oriented content analysis of questions submitted by adolescents aged 16-20 years to an online public information service. A sample of 100 posts containing questions on depression were randomly selected from a total of 870. For analysis, we developed an a priori codebook from the main information topics of existing psychoeducational programs on youth depression. The distribution of topic prevalence in the total volume of posts containing questions on depression was calculated.

Results
With a 95% confidence level and a ±9.2% margin of error, the distribution analysis revealed the following categories to be the most prevalent among adolescents seeking advice about depression: self-management (33%, 61/180), etiology (20%, 36/180), and therapy (20%, 36/180). Self-management concerned subcategories on coping in general and how to open to friends, family, and caregivers. The therapy topic concerned therapy options, prognosis, where to seek help, and how to open up to a professional. We also found young people dichotomizing therapy and self-management as opposite entities. The etiology topic concerned stressors and risk factors. The diagnosis category was less frequently referred to (9%, 17/180).

Conclusions
Self-management, etiology, and therapy are the most prevalent categories among adolescents seeking advice about depression. Young people also dichotomize therapy and self-management as opposite entities. Future research should focus on measures to promote self-management, measures to stimulate expectations of self-efficacy, information about etiology, and information about diagnosis to improve self-monitoring skills, enhancing relapse prevention.
Characteristics of Acute Childhood Illness Apps for Parents: Environmental Scan
Authors: Benoit James , Hartling Lisa , Chan Michelle , Scott Shannon 
Published: August 2021

Background
Providing parents with resources that aid in the identification and management of acute childhood illnesses helps those parents feel better equipped to assess their children’s health and significantly changes parental health-seeking behaviors. Some of these resources are limited by accessibility and scalability. Remote locations and staffing limitations create challenges for parents aiming to access their child’s health information. Mobile health apps offer a scalable, accessible solution for improving health literacy by enabling access to health information through mobile devices.

Objective
The aim of our study is to create an inventory of acute childhood illness apps that are available to North American parents and caregivers, assess their quality, and identify the areas in which future apps can be improved.

Methods
We conducted an environmental scan to identify and summarize app information for parents and digital health researchers. The Google and Apple app marketplaces were used as search platforms. We built a list of search terms and searched the platforms for apps targeted at parents and related to acute pediatric illnesses in the United States and Canada. We assessed apps meeting the inclusion criteria using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), a validated tool for assessing the quality of health apps. The MARS examines apps on 5 subscales: engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information quality, and subjective quality. Data were analyzed by MARS subscale averages and individual item scores.

Results
Overall, 650 unique apps were screened, and 53 (8.2%) were included. On a scale of 1-5, apps had an average engagement score of 2.82/5 (SD 0.86), functionality score of 3.98/5 (SD 0.72), aesthetics score of 3.09/5 (SD 0.87), information quality score of 2.73/5 (SD 1.32), and subjective quality score of 2.20/5 (SD 0.79). On the same scale of 1-5, app scores ranged from 2.2/5 to 4.5/5 (mean 3.2, SD 0.6). The top 3 MARS-scored apps were Baby and Child First Aid (4.5/5), Ada (4.5/5), and HANDi Paediatric (4.2/5). Taken together, the top 3 apps covered topics of emergency pediatric first aid, identification of (and appropriate response to) common childhood illnesses, a means of checking symptoms, and a means of responding to emergency situations. There was a lack of Canadian-based app content available to parents in both marketplaces; this space was filled with content originating primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States. In addition, published evidence of the impact of the included apps was poor: of 53 apps, only 5 (9%) had an evidence base showing that the app had been trialed for usability or efficacy.

Conclusions
There is a need for evidence-based acute childhood illness apps of Canadian origin. This environmental scan offers a comprehensive picture of the health app landscape by examining trends in acute childhood illness apps that are readily available to parents and by identifying gaps in app design.
Accuracy and Diversity of Wearable Device–Based Gait Speed Measurement Among Older Men: Observational Study
Authors: Kang Min-gu , Kang Seong-Ji , Roh Hye-Kang , Jung Hwa-Young , Kim Sun‑wook , Choi Jung-Yeon , Kim Kwang-il 
Published: August 2021

Background
Gait speed measurements are widely used in clinical practice, as slow gait is a major predictor of frailty and a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. With the development of wearable devices, it is possible to estimate the gait speed in daily life by simply wearing the device.

Objective
This study aims to accurately determine the characteristics of daily life gait speed and analyze their association with sarcopenia.

Methods
We invited community-dwelling men aged >50 years who had visited the outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital to participate in the study. Daily life gait speed was assessed using a wearable smart belt (WELT) for a period of 4 weeks. Data from participants who wore the smart belt for at least 10 days during this period were included. After 4 weeks, data from a survey about medical and social history, usual gait speed measurements, handgrip strength measurements, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were analyzed.

Results
A total of 217,578 daily life gait speed measurements from 106 participants (mean age 71.1, SD 7.6 years) were analyzed. The mean daily life gait speed was 1.23 (SD 0.26) m/s. The daily life gait speed of the participants varied according to the time of the day and day of the week. Daily life gait speed significantly slowed down with age (P<.001). Participants with sarcopenia had significantly lower mean daily life gait speed (mean 1.12, SD 0.11 m/s) than participants without sarcopenia (mean 1.23, SD 0.08 m/s; P<.001). Analysis of factors related to mean daily life gait speed showed that age and skeletal muscle mass of the lower limbs were significantly associated characteristics.

Conclusions
More diverse and accurate information about gait speed can be obtained by measuring daily life gait speed using a wearable device over an appropriate period, compared with one-time measurements performed in a laboratory setting. Importantly, in addition to age, daily life gait speed is significantly associated with skeletal muscle mass of the lower limbs.
Gestational Diabetes and Incident Heart Failure: A Cohort Study
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Guan Jun , Retnakaran Ravi , Shah Baiju R. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a population-based cohort study using information from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care of Ontario (Canada) health care administrative databases. We identified all women in Ontario with a GDM diagnosis with a live birth singleton delivery between 1 July 2007 and 31 March 2018. Women with diabetes or HF before pregnancy were excluded. GDM was defined based on laboratory test results and diagnosis coding. The primary outcome was incident HF hospitalization over a period extending from the index pregnancy until 31 March 2019. The secondary outcome was prevalent peripartum cardiomyopathy at index pregnancy. Estimates of association were adjusted for relevant cardiometabolic risk factors.

RESULTS
Among 906,319 eligible women (mean age 30 years [SD 5.6], 50,193 with GDM [5.5%]), there were 763 HF events over a median follow-up period of 7 years. GDM was associated with a higher risk of incident HF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.62 [95% CI 1.28, 2.05]) compared with no GDM. This association remained significant after accounting for chronic kidney disease, postpartum diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease (aHR 1.39 [95% CI 1.09, 1.79]). GDM increased the odds of peripartum cardiomyopathy (adjusted odds ratio 1.83 [95% CI 1.45, 2.33]).

CONCLUSIONS
In a large observational study, GDM was associated with an increased risk of HF. Consequently, diabetes screening during pregnancy is suggested to identify women at risk for HF.
COBALT IN SUBMARINE-EXHALATIVE ORES OF SULFIDE DEPOSITS FROM NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors: Богуш И.А. , Шапошникова С.Д. 
Published: August 2021

В вулканогенной спилитово-кератофировой формации девона Северного Кавказа рассмотрена кобальтоносность двух вулканогенных свит кизилкольской и даутской. Аномальное содержание кобальта сосредоточено в массивных колчеданных рудах кизилкольской базальтовой свиты (D2 ks). Выделены поисковые критерии и типы кобальтоносных колчеданных руд. На примере кобальтового Худесского месторождения показано обогащение кобальтом пирита массивных серноколчеданных руд. Доказана локализация кобальта изоморфно входящего в полнокристаллический автобластический пирит. Определена перспективная кобальтоносность медноколчеданных гидротермально-осадочных месторождений Северного Кавказа
In a volcanogenic spilitovo-keratofirovy formation of Devon of the kobalthost of two suites – Kizilkolsky and Dautsky. The anomalous cobalt content developed in a massive exhalative pyritic ores of Kisilkol basalts Suite (Dks2-3). Selected search criteria and types of cobalt-rich massive pyrite ores. The abnormal enrichment by a cobalt only the massive sulfide of autoblastic ores on the example of industrially cobalt Hudess depositsis shown. Localization of the cobalt which is isomorphically entering holocrystalline autoblastic pyrite is proved. The perspective kobaltonosnost of chalcopyrite deposits in submarine-exhalative of North Caucasus rudogenez is defined.
FIELD STUDY OF A TECHNOGENIC LANDSLIDE DYNAMICS
Authors: Малышков С.Ю. , Гордеев В.Ф. , Поливач В.И. 
Published: August 2021

Приведены результаты оценки динамического изменения состояния техногенного оползня методом регистрации естественного импульсного электромагнитного поля Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ) в условиях горно-складчатых областей с активной геодинамикой Северо-Кавказского региона. Даны рекомендации по настройке регистраторов ЕИЭМПЗ, выделению пространственных аномалий и их интерпретации с целью оценки напряженно-деформированного состояния горных пород.
The results of the technogenic landslide state dynamic change estimation using ENPEMF method for active geodynamic orogen locations of Northern-Caucasian region are shown. Recommendations are provided for ENPEMF recorders setting, spatial anomalies detection and their interpretation for the stress-deformed state of the rocks estimation. Instrumental geophysical studies are compared to geomorphological analysis data.
ИНТЕРАКТИВНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНО-ТВОРЧЕСКАЯ МЕТОДИКА ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ СЕЙСМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Avetisyan A.M. , Nikolayev A.V. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to one of the most important trends in modern geophysics - tomography, which is designed to investigate geological objects by studying the features of the passage through them of electromagnetic and elastic seismic waves. To solve seismological problems, the quality of the initial data is important, in addition, when processing seismological information it is necessary to use several models of the medium under the assumption that each of them can induce experimental data of indirect measurements. The choice of solutions for each interpreter can be individual, and can depend on experience, intuition and other circumstances. The paper outlines the problems that arise when solving theoretical problems and practical seismic investigations and ways of overcoming them through modern concepts and approaches.
Статья посвящена одному из важнейших направлений современной геофизики - томографии, которая призвана изучать геологические объекты путем исследования особенностей прохождения через них электромагнитных и упругих сейсмических волн. Для решения сейсмологических задач важно качество исходных данных, кроме того при обработке сейсмологической информации необходимо использование нескольких моделей среды в предположении о том, что каждое из них может индуцировать экспериментальные данные косвенных измерений. Выбор решений у каждого интерпретатора может быть индивидуальным, и может зависеть от опыта, интуиции и других обстоятельств. В работе обозначены проблемы, возникающие при решении теоретических задач и практических сейсмических исследований и пути их преодоления путем современных представлений и подходов.
TRACES OF THE STRONG EARTHQUAKE IN THE MEDIEVAL SETLLEMENT PHANAGORIA ON TAMAN PENINSULA
Authors: Овсюченко А.Н. , Корженков А.М. , Вакарчук Р.Н. , Горбатиков А.В. , Ларьков А.С. , Рогожин Е.А. , Сысолин А.И. 
Published: August 2021

Руины хорошо изученного древнего города Фанагория предоставили уникальную возможность для восстановления неизвестной ранее страницы сейсмической истории Таманского полуострова. На основе собранных геологических, геофизических и археосейсмологических данных выдвинута гипотеза о гибели средневекового города Фанагория в результате катастрофического землетрясения в X веке. Город оказался прямо в месте выхода очага сильнейшего (9?10 баллов по шкале MSK-64) землетрясения на поверхность, связанного с Фанагорийской флексурно-разрывной зоной.
Ruins of well studied ancient settlement Phanagoria have given a unique opportunity for recovery of unknown earlier seismic history of Taman Peninsula. On the basis of collected geological, geophysical and archeoseismological data the hypothesis of death of the medieval settlement Phanagoria as a result of a catastrophic earthquake in the 10th century is made. The deep and near-surface structure of the Phanagoria deformation zone has been studied by seismic exploration. Along the southern coast of the Gulf of Taman the subvertical low-weak zone is detected. In outcrops the flexures of the neogen-quarternary layers and their immersion towards the sea are revealed. Deformation zone has been traced on the ancient settlement Phanagoria. On an excavation of the late medieval hillfort we have detected a ground flexure – to a surface on which ancient buildings of the 9-10th centuries were constructed. The settlement Phanagoria has appeared directly in the place of an exit of the source of the strongest (IX-X on MSK-64 scale) earthquake on a surface connected with the Phanagoria deformation zone.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE CONTINENTAL AND SEA DEPOSITS OF CASPIAN SEA AND THEIR CORRELATION
Authors: Гараева Т.Д. 
Published: August 2021

В статье приводятся результаты палеомагнитных исследований разрезов континентальных и морских отложений Каспийского моря и их корреляция. Палеомагнитные исследования проводились на восемнадцати разрезах: в Среднекуринской депрессии разрез г. Дуздаг, хребты Боздаг и Караджа, Нафталан; в Нижнекуринской депрессии разрез хр. Малый Харами; на Абшеронском полуострове – разрез г. Бакинский ярус и в Каспийском море: острова Булла-Дениз, Гарасу и Камень Персиянина. Расчленены плейстоценовые осадки Каспийского моря и депрессионных зон Азербайджана, проведена межрегиональная корреляция и датированы выделенные геологические события по палеомагнитным данным.
In this paper we present the results of paleomagnetic studies of the sections of continental and marine sediments of the Caspian Sea and their correlation. Paleomagnetic studies have been conducted on 18 sections: in a middle Kura depression section of them. Duzdag, Bozdag range, Karadja range, Naftalan; in a lower Kura depression Lesser Harami range; in Absheron peninsula – section of Baku stage and in Caspian Sea: is. Bulla- Deniz, is. Qarasu and is. Kamen Persianina. Separated Pleistocene sediments of the Caspian Sea and depression zones of Azerbaijan, conducted interregional correlations and dated selected geological events according to paleonagnetic data.
MAINTAINING SAFE ACCESS TO WEB INTERFACE OF GEOINFORMATION MODELING SYSTEM WITH INFORMATION DATABASE OF SEISMICITY AND SEISMIC RISK
Authors: Кануков А.С. 
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена вопросу обеспечения безопасного доступа к веб-интерфейсу системы геоинформационного моделирования с информационной базой данных о сейсмичности и сейсмических рисках. С развитием высоких технологий большое распространение получили различные геоинформационные системы, предназначенные для сбора, хранения, анализа и графической визуализации пространственных данных и связанной с ними информации о представленных в ГИС-объектах. В Геофизическом институте создана карта инженерно-геологического районирования территории города Владикавказа, освещающая вопросы геологического строения, гидрогеологических условий, литологии, морфологии, тектоники, распространения различных типов грунтов на рассматриваемой территории. Данная карта интегрирована в геоинформационную систему. При создании подобных систем необходимо учитывать тот факт, что если для геоинформационной системы реализуется возможность доступа с помощью веб-сервиса, то он должен иметь средства для аутентификации пользователей и поддержку базовых алгоритмов шифрования для защиты от несанкционированного использования данной системы. На основе программного обеспечения с открытым исходным кодом выполнена защита канала связи с геоинформационной системой от несанкционированного доступа.
The article is devoted to maintenance of safe access to the web interface of the geoinformation modeling system with an information database on seismicity and seismic risks. With the development of high technologies, various geoinformation systems were widely used to collect, store, analyze and graphically visualize spatial data and associated information about the objects represented in GIS objects. A map of the geological-engineering zoning of the territory of the Vladikavkazcity, covering geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, lithology, morphology, tectonics, distribution of various types of soils in the territory under consideration, was created in the Geophysical Institute. This map is integrated into the geoinformation system. When creating such systems, it is necessary to take into account the fact that if for a geoinformation system a web service accessis realized, then it must have means for user authentication and support of basic encryption algorithms to protect against unauthorized use of this system. On the basis of open source software, the communication channel with the geoinformation system is protected from unauthorized access.