bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic drivers for the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Lanteri Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is an era characterized by turbulence and volatility that pushes businesses to make faster and more frequent strategic decisions, even as the rules of strategy are being rewritten. This article uses the methods of business research (inductive case studies) and foresight (drivers analysis) to investigate the drivers of strategic success for the 4IR. The result is a framework of six strategic drivers: Collaborative intelligence, Learning systems, Exponential technologies, Value facilitation, Ethical championship, and Responsive decision making. Business leaders should leverage these six drivers to make strategic decisions during the 4IR.
Surgical repair and subsequent stent placement following traumatic trans‐rectal urethral transection in a dog
Authors: Davila Claudia , Rozanski Elizabeth , Butty Emmanuelle Marie , Krucik David D. R. , Kudej Raymond K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA one‐year‐old male castrated Australian Shepherd presented for rectal trauma after falling into bushes. A 10‐cm long segment of tissue protruded from the anus, and there were no other visible injuries. Abdominal radiographs showed intrapelvic and perirectal subcutaneous emphysema extending into fascial planes of the right hindlimb. Exploratory surgery was performed, and the tissue protruding out of the anus was identified as proximal urethra extending through a 6 cm longitudinal tear in the ventral rectal wall. Urethral debridement and anastomosis were performed, and the rectal wall repaired. A urinary catheter was in place for 5 days postoperatively. The patient had intermittent episodes of stranguria and pollakiuria and multi‐drug resistant urinary tract infection (Enterococcus faecium) cultured. A pelvic urethral stricture was diagnosed on contrast cystourethrogram, and a nitinol stent placed under fluoroscopic guidance. Sporadic haematuria was observed, which was resolving in a few months. Urethral stent placement provided successful long‐term outcome.
Spatial and temporal ways of knowing sea level rise: Bringing together multiple perspectives
Authors: McMichael Celia , Kothari Uma , McNamara Karen E. , Arnall Alex 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSea level rise presents risks to ecosystems, populations, and infrastructure in low‐lying areas. This article considers diverse ways of knowing, understanding, and experiencing these risks. It explores differences and connections between knowledge produced through the technological methods of scientific research and that which emerges through the experiences and insights of local people. For example, while scientific assessments measure and forecast, among other things, the height and rate of vertical change in the sea level using instruments such as tide gauges and radar‐firing satellites, for local populations sea level rise is largely perceived and knowable through everyday processes and lived experiences of coastal changes as sea waters encroach onto the land. The review article reveals this diversity of knowledge and how it is produced. It considers how these different forms of knowledge might coalesce in ways that can more effectively inform understandings of, and responses to, the varied effects of sea level rise. Focusing specifically on spatial and temporal understandings of sea level rise—as the vertical rise of sea levels and inward encroachment of sea water, and timescales from the everyday to the decadal and centennial—this article concludes by arguing for the importance of integrating scientific measurement and modeling with local knowledge. It suggests that local and Indigenous knowledge should not merely represent an enrichment of scientific facts, but rather that bringing together local/Indigenous and scientific knowledge can provide significant ways of knowing and sensing the world that can build the resilience of social‐ecological systems.This article is categorized under:
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Application of phagotrophic algae in waste activated sludge conversion and stabilization
Authors: Xiao Suo , Woo Bryen , Goldhardt James , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhagotrophic algae can consume bacteria that are the predominant microorganisms present in the waste activated sludge (WAS) generated from municipal wastewater treatment processes. In this study, we developed a combined ultrasonication–phagotrophic algal process for WAS conversion. The ultrasonic pretreatment released small volatile solids (VS) including bacteria from WAS flocs. A phagotrophic alga Ochromonas danica then grew by consuming more than 80% of the released VS, with approximately 30% (w/w) algal cell yield. The process reduced the overall WAS VS by 42.4% in 1 day, comparing very favorably with the 27% reduction in 10 days by aerobic digestion. For stabilizing the solids remaining from the ultrasonic step, the total oxygen uptake required was 65%–92% lower than that for the original WAS, indicating substantially reduced aeration cost. Overall, this novel process enhanced the WAS digestion at lower energy requirements and produced microalgae for other potential uses. © 2021 Water Environment FederationPractitioner points

At least 80% of released VS from WAS can be processed by phagotrophic algae.
Significant amounts of algae can be produced from WAS.
Ultrasonication–phagotrophic algal process can make sludge management more sustainable.
Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of Phenibut, Phenibut H2O and Phenibut HCl: a Case for Phase Stability Based on Structural Considerations
Authors: Komisarek D. , Pallaske M. , Vasylyeva V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhenibut is an anxiolytic drug approved for medical use in many eastern European states. With the exception of the HCl Salt of Phenibut no crystal structure related research has been conducted on this substance. Herein, the crystal structures of Phenibut and Phenibut⋅H2O are presented, including crystal packing analysis based on interaction energy calculations. IR spectra are shown alongside powder diffraction data and thermogravimetric analysis to characterize and compare structural as well as thermal properties of the examined Phenibut forms. Single crystal diffraction is used in conjunction with Crystal Explorer based Hirshfeld analysis to carefully identify the bonding interaction properties in each compound. Finally, a case is made regarding stability of the compared crystalline phases based on the conducted structural analyses and the quantification of the molecular interaction energies.
Weyl covariance, and proposals for superconformal prepotentials in 10D superspaces
Authors: James Gates S. , Hu Yangrui , Hazel Mak S.-N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProposals are made to describe the Weyl scaling transformation laws of supercovariant derivatives∇A, the torsion supertensorsTABC, and curvature supertensorsRABcdin 10D superspaces. Starting from the proposal that an unconstrained supergravity prepotential for the 11D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 theory is described by a scalar superfield, considerations for supergravity prepotentials in the 10D theories are enumerated. We derive infinitesimal 10D superspace Weyl transformation laws and discover ten possible 10D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 superfield supergravity prepotentials. The first identification of all off-shell ten dimensional supergeometrical Weyl field strength tensors, constructed from respective torsions, is presented.
The fragmentation spectrum from space-time reciprocity
Authors: Neill Duff 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Analyzing the single inclusive annihilation spectrum of charged hadrons in e+e− collisions, I confront the hadronization hypothesis of local parton-hadron duality with a systematic resummation of the dependence on the small energy fraction. This resummation is based on the reciprocity between time-like and space-like splitting processes in 4 − 2ϵ-dimensions, which I extend to resum all the soft terms of the cross-section for inclusive jet production. Under the local-parton-hadron duality hypothesis, the resulting distribution of jets essentially determines the spectrum of hadrons as the jet radius goes to zero. Thus I take the resummed perturbative jet function as the non-perturbative fragmentation function with an effective infra-red coupling. I find excellent agreement with data, and comment on the mixed leading log approximation previously used to justify local parton-hadron duality.
Sequential aiming in pairs: the multiple levels of joint action
Authors: Roberts James W. , Maiden James , Lawrence Gavin P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe task constraints imposed upon a co-actor can often influence our own actions. Likewise, the observation of somebody else’s movements can involuntarily contaminate the execution of our own movements. These joint action outcomes have rarely been considered in unison. The aim of the present study was to simultaneously examine the underlying processes contributing to joint action. We had pairs of participants work together to execute sequential aiming movements between two targets—the first person’s movement was contingent upon the anticipation of the second person’s movement (leader), while the second person’s movement was contingent upon the direct observation of the first person’s movement (follower). Participants executed separate blocks of two-target aiming movements under different contexts; that is, solely on their own using one (2T1L) and two (2T2L) of their upper limbs, or with another person (2T2P). The first movement segment generally indicated a more abrupt approach (shorter time after peak velocity, greater displacement and magnitude of peak velocity), which surprisingly coincided with lower spatial variability, for the 2T2P context. Meanwhile, the second segment indicated a similar kinematic profile as the first segment for the 2T2P context. The first movement of the leader appeared to accommodate the follower for their movement, while the second movement of the follower was primed by the observation of the leader’s movement. These findings collectively advocate two distinct levels of joint action including the anticipation (top–down) and mapping (bottom–up) of other people’s actions.
Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography for detecting residual stones in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a feasibility study
Authors: Kingma R. A. , Voskamp M. J. H. , Doornweerd B. H. J. , de Jong I. J. , Roemeling S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides multiplanar cross-sectional imaging and three-dimensional reconstructions and can be used intraoperatively in a hybrid operating room. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a CBCT-scanner for detecting residual stones during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Intraoperative CBCT-scans were made during PCNL procedures from November 2018 until March 2019 in a university hospital. At the point where the urologist would have otherwise ended the procedure, a CBCT-scan was made to image any residual fragments that could not be detected by either nephroscopy or conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. Residual fragments that were visualized on the CBCT-scan were attempted to be extracted additionally. To evaluate the effect of this additional extraction, each CBCT-scan was compared with a regular follow-up CT-scan that was made 4 weeks postoperatively. A total of 19 procedures were analyzed in this study. The mean duration of performing the CBCT-scan, including preparation and interpretation, was 8 min. Additional stone extraction, if applicable, had a mean duration of 11 min. The mean effective dose per CBCT-scan was 7.25 mSv. Additional extraction of residual fragments as imaged on the CBCT-scan occurred in nine procedures (47%). Of the follow-up CT-scans, 63% showed a stone-free status as compared to 47% of the intraoperative CBCT-scans. We conclude that the use of CBCT for the detection of residual stones in PCNL is meaningful, safe, and feasible.
Therapeutic approaches to pediatric COVID-19: an online survey of pediatric rheumatologists
Authors: Janda Ales , Schuetz Catharina , Canna Scott , Gorelik Mark , Heeg Maximilian , Minden Kirsten , Hinze Claas , Schulz Ansgar , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Hedrich Christian M. , Speth Fabian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData on therapy of COVID-19 in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed children are scarce. We aimed to explore management strategies of pediatric rheumatologists. All subscribers to international Pediatric Rheumatology Bulletin Board were invited to take part in an online survey on therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 in healthy children and children with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (AID). Off-label therapies would be considered by 90.3% of the 93 participating respondents. In stable patients with COVID-19 on oxygen supply (stage I), use of remdesivir (48.3%), azithromycin (26.6%), oral corticosteroids (25.4%) and/or hydroxychloroquine (21.9%) would be recommended. In case of early signs of “cytokine storm” (stage II) or in critically ill patients (stage III) (a) anakinra (79.5% stage II; 83.6% stage III) or tocilizumab (58.0% and 87.0%, respectively); (b) corticosteroids (oral 67.2% stage II, intravenously 81.7% stage III); (c) intravenous immunoglobulins (both stages 56.5%); or (d) remdesivir (both stages 46.7%) were considered. In AID, > 94.2% of the respondents would not support a preventive adaptation of the immunomodulating therapy. In case of mild COVID-19, more than 50% of the respondents would continue pre-existing treatment with immunoglobulins (100%), hydroxychloroquine (94.2%), anakinra (79.2%) or canakinumab (72.5%), or tocilizumab (69.8%). Long-term corticosteroids would be reduced by 26.9% (< = 2 mg/kg/d) and 50.0% (> 2 mg/kg/day), respectively, with only 5.8% of respondents voting to discontinue the therapy. Conversely, more than 75% of respondents would refrain from administering cyclophosphamide and anti-CD20-antibodies. As evidence on management of pediatric COVID-19 is incomplete, continuous and critical expert opinion and knowledge exchange is helpful.
Biparietal meander expansion technique for sagittal suture synostosis in patients older than 1 year of age—technical note
Authors: Kang Y. S. , Pennacchietti V. , Schulz M. , Schwarz K. , Thomale U-W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
Sagittal suture synostosis (SSS) is the most common form of craniosynostosis. For older patients, the strategy for surgical correction needs to consider diminished growth dynamics of the skull and an active reconstruction cranioplasty aims to sustain stability for the active child. We describe our technique of biparietal meander expansion (BME) technique for SSS for patients older than 1 year and retrospectively reviewed the perioperative course as well as the subjective experience of patients and caregivers during follow-up.

Methods
The BME technique incorporates bilateral serpentine craniotomies and fixation of the consecutively expanded bone tongues with crossing sutures for patients with SSS older than 12 months of age at surgery. We reviewed patients undergoing this surgical technique for correction of SSS and collected data about the clinical course and performed a patients reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients or caregivers to evaluate subjective experience and outcome after surgical treatment.

Results
BME was performed in 31 patients (8 females; median age: 43 months; range 13–388). The mean length of operation was 172.7±43 minutes (range 115–294). Patients experienced no immediate complications or neurological morbidity after surgery. Considering a total of 21 completed PROM questionnaires, the head shape after surgery was evaluated as either “better” (57%) or “much better” (43%) compared to preoperatively. Eighty-one percent of patients or caregivers answered that the patient experiences no limitation in daily activities. Although 42.8% perceived the hospital as strenuous, 90.5% would choose to undergo this treatment again.

Conclusion

BME is a feasible technique for older SSS patients resulting in immediate stability of the remodelled calvarium with a more normal head shape. The survey among caregivers or patients revealed a favourable subjectively experienced outcome after this type of surgical treatment of SSS in the more complex context of an older patient cohort.
Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Translation and Validation of the Swedish Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index
Authors: Albinsson Sofie , Tuomi Lisa , Wennerås Christine , Larsson Helen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lack of a Swedish patient-reported outcome instrument for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has limited the assessment of the disease. The aims of the study were to translate and validate the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index (EEsAI) to Swedish and to assess the symptom severity of patients with EoE compared to a nondysphagia control group. The EEsAI was translated and adapted to a Swedish cultural context (S-EEsAI) based on international guidelines. The S-EEsAI was validated using adult Swedish patients with EoE (n = 97) and an age- and sex-matched nondysphagia control group (n = 97). All participants completed the S-EEsAI, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oesophageal Module 18 (EORTC QLQ-OES18), and supplementary questions regarding feasibility and demographics. Reliability and validity of the S-EEsAI were evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients between the domains of the S-EEsAI and the EORTC QLQ-OES18. A test–retest analysis of 29 patients was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients. The S-EEsAI had sufficient reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.83 and 0.85 for the “visual dysphagia question” and the “avoidance, modification and slow eating score” domains, respectively. The test–retest reliability was sufficient, with good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.60–0.89). The S-EEsAI domains showed moderate correlation to 6/10 EORTC QLQ-OES18 domains, indicating adequate validity. The patient S-EEsAI results differed significantly from those of the nondysphagia controls (p < 0.001). The S-EEsAI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for monitoring adult patients with EoE in Sweden.
A variational multiscale immersed meshfree method for heterogeneous materials
Authors: Huang Tsung-Hui , Chen Jiun-Shyan , Tupek Michael R. , Beckwith Frank N. , Koester Jacob J. , Fang H. Eliot 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce an immersed meshfree formulation for modeling heterogeneous materials with flexible non-body-fitted discretizations, approximations, and quadrature rules. The interfacial compatibility condition is imposed by a volumetric constraint, which avoids a tedious contour integral for complex material geometry. The proposed immersed approach is formulated under a variational multiscale based formulation, termed the variational multiscale immersed method (VMIM). Under this framework, the solution approximation on either the foreground or the background can be decoupled into coarse-scale and fine-scale in the variational equations, where the fine-scale approximation represents a correction to the residual of the coarse-scale equations. The resulting fine-scale solution leads to a residual-based stabilization in the VMIM discrete equations. The employment of reproducing kernel (RK) approximation for the coarse- and fine-scale variables allows arbitrary order of continuity in the approximation, which is particularly advantageous for modeling heterogeneous materials. The effectiveness of VMIM is demonstrated with several numerical examples, showing accuracy, stability, and discretization efficiency of the proposed method.
Regional circulation patterns inducing coastal upwelling in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bednorz Ewa , Półrolniczak Marek , Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtmospheric feedback involved in the occurrence of coastal upwelling in a small semi-enclosed sea basin, i.e., the Baltic Sea, was analysed, and the regional circulation conditions triggering upwelling in different coastal sections were identified. Upwelling in the summer season (June–August, years 1982–2017) was recognized on the basis of sea surface temperature patterns. Circulation conditions were defined using (1) the established daily indices of zonal and meridional airflow and (2) the synoptic situation at sea level distinguished by applying rotated principal component analysis to sea level pressure data. The 12 daily synoptic patterns differed substantially in the intensity and location of their pressure centres. The mean seasonal frequency of upwelling was generally higher along the western Baltic shores than along the meridionally oriented eastern shores and varied from less than 10 to over 30% along the more predestined coastal sections, i.e., the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, the northern Gulf of Finland and the southern Swedish coast. Due to the variable orientations of coastlines, upwelling could occur under almost any prevailing wind direction, and thus, each of the classified synoptic patterns could induce upwelling in some coastal sections. As deduced from the pressure fields for each circulation pattern, mostly alongshore winds triggered upwelling, which is in line with the Ekman rule. With time, upwelling could also be induced by the stress of normal to the coastline seaward winds.
Influence of the grid parameters during under voltage ride through (UVRT) testing
Authors: Frehn Anica , Grune Rayk , Röttgers Heiko , Monti Antonello 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnder-voltage ride through (UVRT) tests can be carried out on system test benches, most of them are equipped with a converter based grid simulator. This paper describes the control of the artificial grid impedance at the 4 MW test bench at CWD. Validation measurements with the commercial wind turbine E‑115 E2 show that the virtual impedance specification is sufficient to perform UVRT tests with different grid parameters. Comparative measurements between the voltage divider based FRT Container and the grid simulator with deliberately different grid parameters show a different behavior of the research wind turbine FVA nacelle. Therefore, it is recommended to perform UVRT tests on the test bench with predefined grid parameters.
Regional Control for Spatially Structured Mosquito Borne Epidemics
Authors: Aniţa Sebastian , Capasso Vincenzo , Scacchi Simone 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is a continuation of a previous paper by the first two authors to appear in the same IWR Special Issue for Scientific Computing. We are concerned with an optimal regional control problem for spatially structured vector borne epidemic system, considering malaria as a case study. A conceptual reduced mathematical model of malaria had been presented consisting of a two-component reaction-diffusion system. Three actions (controls) had been included: killing mosquitoes, treating the infected humans and reducing the contact rate mosquitoes-humans. The problem which is faced concerns the optimal choice of the region of intervention, by introducing a cost functional which takes into account the total cost of the damages produced by the disease, of the controls and of the intervention in a certain subdomain, for a finite time horizon case. A gradient algorithm had been proposed for the search of a minimal value of the cost functional, with respect to both the control parameters and the region of intervention. The scope of the present paper concerns the numerical implementation of such an algorithm. The level set method has played a major role for the mathematical description of the subregion of intervention. The outcomes of a series of numerical simulations are reported, under a variety of parameter scenarios.