bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NADPH Oxidase Limits Collaborative Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling to Regulate Neutrophil Cytokine Production in Response to Fungal Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
Authors: Yoo Dae-goon , Paracatu Luana C , Xu Evan , Lin Xin , Dinauer Mary C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by genetic defects in leukocyte NADPH oxidase, which has both microbicidal and immunomodulatory roles. Hence, CGD is characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections as well as aberrant inflammation. Fungal cell walls induce neutrophilic inflammation in CGD; yet, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study investigated the receptors and signaling pathways driving aberrant proinflammatory cytokine production in CGD neutrophils activated by fungal cell walls. Although cytokine responses to β-glucan particles were similar in NADPH oxidase–competent and NADPH oxidase–deficient mouse and human neutrophils, stimulation with zymosan, a more complex fungal particle, induced elevated cytokine production in NADPH oxidase–deficient neutrophils. The dectin-1 C-type lectin receptor, which recognizes β-glucans (1–3), and TLRs mediated cytokine responses by wild-type murine neutrophils. In the absence of NADPH oxidase, fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns engaged additional collaborative signaling with Mac-1 and TLRs to markedly increase cytokine production. Mechanistically, this cytokine overproduction is mediated by enhanced proximal activation of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2–Syk and downstream Card9-dependent NF-κB and Card9-independent JNK–c-Jun. This activation and amplified cytokine production were significantly decreased by exogenous H2O2 treatment, enzymatic generation of exogenous H2O2, or Mac-1 blockade. Similar to zymosan, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induced increased signaling in CGD mouse neutrophils for activation of proinflammatory cytokine production, which also used Mac-1 and was Card9 dependent. This study, to our knowledge, provides new insights into how NADPH oxidase deficiency deregulates neutrophil cytokine production in response to fungal cell walls.
Cutting Edge: Steroid Responsiveness in Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Determines Steroid Sensitivity during Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Nguyen Quang Tam , Kim Dongkyun , Iamsawat Supinya , Le Hongnga T , Kim Sohee , Qiu Kevin T , Hinds Terry D , Bazeley Peter , O’Shea John J , Choi Jaehyuk , Asosingh Kewal , Erzurum Serpil C , Min Booki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a highly effective first-line treatment option for many inflammatory diseases, including asthma. Some patients develop a steroid-resistant condition, yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying steroid resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we used a murine model of steroid-resistant airway inflammation and report that combining systemic dexamethasone and intranasal IL-27 is able to reverse the inflammation. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were required during dexamethasone/IL-27 treatment of steroid-resistant allergic inflammation, and importantly, direct stimulation of Tregs via glucocorticoid or IL-27 receptors was essential. Mechanistically, IL-27 stimulation in Tregs enhanced expression of the agonistic glucocorticoid receptor-α isoform. Overexpression of inhibitory glucocorticoid receptor-β isoform in Tregs alone was sufficient to elicit steroid resistance in a steroid-sensitive allergic inflammation model. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Tregs are instrumental during steroid resistance and that manipulating steroid responsiveness in Tregs may represent a novel strategy to treat steroid refractory asthma.
EWMA control chart based on its first hitting time and coronavirus alert levels for monitoring symmetric COVID-19 cases
Authors: Yupaporn Areepong , Rapin Sunthornwat 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To define the alert levels for the total number of COVID-19 cases derived by using quantile functions to monitor COVID-19 outbreaks via an exponentially weighted moving-average (EWMA) control chart based on the first hitting time of the total number of COVID-19 cases following a symmetric logistic growth curve.

Methods:
The cumulative distribution function of the time for the total number of COVID-19 cases was used to construct a quantile function for classifying COVID-19 alert levels. The EWMA control chart control limits for monitoring a COVID-19 outbreak were formulated by applying the delta method and the sample mean and variance method. Samples were selected from countries and region including Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, and Hong Kong to generate the total number of COVID-19 cases from February 15, 2020 to December 16, 2020, all of which followed symmetric patterns. A comparison of the two methods was made by applying them to a EWMA control chart based on the first hitting time for monitoring the COVID-19 outbreak in the sampled countries and region.

Results:
The optimal first hitting times for the EWMA control chart for monitoring COVID-19 outbreaks in Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, and Hong Kong were approximately 280, 208, 286, and 298 days, respectively.

Conclusions:
The findings show that the sample mean and variance method can detect the first hitting time better than the delta method. Moreover, the COVID-19 alert levels can be defined into four stages for monitoring COVID-19 situation, which help the authorities to enact policies that monitor, control, and protect the population from a COVID-19 outbreak.
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury - Occupational Therapists' Perspective
Authors: Vas Asha K , Luedtke Anna , Ortiz Eryn , Neville Marsha 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) can result in long-lasting cognitive deficits. Comprehensive rehabilitation efforts need to integrate varied training approaches to address cognitive challenges and subsequently improve long-term functional outcomes.

Objectives:
The goal of this pilot study was to learn about occupational therapists' interpretation and practice of bottom-up and top-down cognitive rehabilitation activities for adults with mTBI.

Study Design:
An online survey study was conducted.

Methods:
A TBI expert team developed a case study with 30 functionally based treatment activities that closely align with the current rehabilitation practice. Of the 30 activities, the team identified 15 as bottom-up and 15 as top-down based on the definitions in the literature and clinical experience. The case study was sent in an online survey format to Occupational Therapists (OTs) across the country.

Results:
Out of 67 participants who agreed to participate, 30 completed the survey. The majority of the participants (87.5%) indicated that they were familiar with bottom-up and top-down treatment activities. Descriptive analyses found that the agreement between the authors and participants on bottom-up activities was 47.5% and on top-down activities was 77.56%; significant Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (0.939, 95% confidence interval [0.903, 0.966], P < 0.001) on all the items suggests that there was nearly perfect agreement in all item scores between the participants. These responses were consistent across OTs with varying levels of education, experience, and geographical locations.

Conclusions:
Increased knowledge and awareness of the distinction between bottom-up and top-down activities could equip clinicians with effective training tools to improve cognitive training. Future studies could address limitations of the study, including small sample size, descriptive statistical approach, and potentially biased view of the treatment activities by the authors.
Impact of Lockdown Period on Chronic Diseases
Authors: Khot Rajashree , Dube Amol H. , Rathod Bharatsing D. , Joshi Prashant P. , Kumbhalkar Sunita D. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, strict lockdown measures posed many challenges in managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The impact of lockdown on physical and biochemical parameters along with contributing factors was assessed.

Design:
Cross-sectional analytical study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with chronic illnesses attending medicine outpatient department during unlock down phase I were enrolled. A 5 point Likert scale was used to determine the effect on diet, exercise, pain, physical and psychological symptoms, and a personal interview to assess the contributing factors. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done to compare between pre and post lockdown status and appropriate statistical tests were used.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 48.53 ± 6.4 years with a female preponderance. Mean duration of illness was 8.93 ± 2.4 years and majority had hypertension (21%), diabetes (19%) or both (12%), hypothyroidism (18%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (8%). While physical symptoms and pain did not show a significant change, 41.3% had worsening of psychological symptoms, 53.3% diet, and 70.6% exercise noncompliance. Weight, blood pressure, lipids, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone showed little change. Glycemic control was deranged in 72.5% with HbA1c increasing from 6.47 ± 1.9 to 8.1 ± 2.4 (P = 0.007). Contributing factors, 52.3% reported lack of exercise, 40% financial problems, 36% transport difficulties, and 30% unavailability of medicines.

Conclusion:
Lockdown negatively affected the management of chronic diseases with significant worsening of psychological symptoms, diet, and exercise adherence. Glycemic control worsened in diabetics. Lack of transport and unavailability of medicines were the significant contributing factors.
Which Preoperative Findings Translate to a Positive Intraoperative Cholangiogram?
Authors: Elmusbahi Mohamed Ali M. , Kloppers Jacobus Christoffel 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The most common investigations used in the preoperative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis are ultrasound and liver function tests (LFTs). These modalities have a low sensitivity for detecting common bile duct stones among the intermediate-risk groups.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to identify preoperative findings which predict choledocholithiasis in intermediate-risk groups. Describe the implications of a positive intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study of all consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies with IOC performed. Data were collected over the past 2 years between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Standard demographic variables, preoperative symptoms, LFTs, IOC findings, abdomen ultrasound, and postoperative symptoms were included in the study.

Results:
Of 237 laparoscopic cholecystectomies 23 cases were planned for IOC. The median age was 41 years. Seventeen cases were female. Indications were 12 biliary colic, eight gallstone pancreatitis, two cases of acute cholecystitis, and one case was for ascending cholangitis. Four cases had a positive IOC, and in this group, the median age was 44.5 years with one male. The mean common bile duct diameter was 6.5 mm. Two patients had biliary colic, one patient gallstone pancreatitis, and one acute cholecystitis. One patient had a history of jaundice, and all four cases had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) above 40 mmol/l, three cases had alkaline phosphatase (ALP) above 98 mmol/l. Postoperative, out of 23 cases, five cases had an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticogram, repeated ultrasound in three cases, persistence symptoms in four cases.

Conclusions:
GGT was the strongest predictor of choledocholithiasis. A normal GGT seems to be quite good at ruling out Cannabidiol stones. ALP was less accurate. Gallstone pancreatitis is not a good predictor, but it is importance to exclude choledocholithiasis before/during cholecystectomy. There is no relation between the IOC and persistent symptoms.
Prevalence of H63D and C282Y Mutations in Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE) Gene in Tripoli Region of Libya
Authors: Elghawi Laila Mohamed , Mahanna Kaltoom Hassan , Bashein Abdulla M. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by increased intestinal absorption of iron. Excessive amount of iron accumulates in the liver, pancreas, and heart, etc., and eventually leading to organ failure due to iron toxicity and death if untreated. The most common causes of HH are the C282Y and H63D mutations in HFE gene. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of H63D and C282Y alleles among the Libyan population in Tripoli region and to compare the results with other published data.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 300 randomly selected unrelated Libyan male blood donors, aged between 18 and 50 years. In-house hydrolysis probe real-time polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting analysis protocols were developed and employed as screening tools for H63D and C282Y genotyping, respectively, and direct DNA sequencing was used to confirm the results.

Results:
Seven subjects (2.33%) were detected as homozygous H63D mutation and 72 (24%) were detected as heterozygous, and only one subject was detected as a heterozygous C282Y mutant (0.33%) and no homozygous C282Y mutation was detected.

Conclusion:
In Libyans residing in Tripoli region, the allele frequency of C282Y was very rare and allele frequency of H63D was common.
Combinatorics of the geometry of Wilson loop diagrams II: Grassmann necklaces, dimensions, and denominators
Authors: Agarwala Susama , Fryer Siân , Yeats Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWilson loop diagrams are an important tool in studying scattering amplitudes of SYM
$N=4$
theory and are known by previous work to be associated to positroids. In this paper, we study the structure of the associated positroids, as well as the structure of the denominator of the integrand defined by each diagram. We give an algorithm to derive the Grassmann necklace of the associated positroid directly from the Wilson loop diagram, and a recursive proof that the dimension of these cells is thrice the number of propagators in the diagram. We also show that the ideal generated by the denominator in the integrand is the radical of the ideal generated by the product of Grassmann necklace minors.
Клінічний перебіг подагри у військовослужбовців на сучасному етапі
Authors: Kuts T. V. , Moroz G. Z. , Tkachuk I. M. , Serebryakov O. M. , Halimska A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Мета: провести комплексний аналіз клінічних проявів подагри у військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України (за даними з історій хвороби пацієнтів кардіоревматологічного відділення Національного військово-медичного клінічного центру «Головний військовий клінічний госпіталь» (НВМКЦ «ГВКГ»).
Матеріали і методи. Методом випадкової вибірки проведено аналіз 103 історій хвороби 92 пацієнтів чоловічої статі кардіоревматологічного відділення НВМКЦ «ГВКГ» з діагнозом подагра, віком від 27 до 58 років. Для дослідження вікових особливостей перебігу подагри пацієнти були розділені на дві групи: І група – до 45 років (молодий вік) 40 хворих; ІІ група – 46-58 років (середній вік) 52 хворих. За результатами дослідження сформована комп'ютерна база даних. Статистична обробка проводилась з використанням програми Microsoft Excel 2007 та стандартного статистичного пакета STATISTICA 6,0.
Результати. Ураження першого плеснофалангового суглоба ­ на момент госпіталізації військовослужбовців було лише у 40,2±5,1 % (50±7,9 % у хворих І групи і 32,7±6,5 % ІІ групи, р>0,05). У значної частини хворих визначено ураження колінних (23,9±4,4 %) та гомілковостопних суглобів (20,7±4,2 %). Характерним є поєднане ураження суглобів, зокрема, першого плеснофалангового суглоба, та інших суглобів, яке спостерігалось у 20,7±7,5 % військовослужбовців в дебюті подагри. Діагноз подагри був виставлений при перших клінічних проявах тільки у 29,3±4,7 % хворих з класичною локалізацією ураження. У більшості хворих на подагру діагностовано ураження нирок, зокрема, хронічна ниркова недостатність виявлена у 35,9±5,0 % (у 15±5,6 % військовослужбовців молодого віку та у 51,9±6,9 % середнього віку, р<0,05).
Висновки. Встановлено, що у більшості військовослужбовців, хворих на подагру (59,8±5,1 %) характерною була атипова локалізація ураження суглобів, часте поєднання ураження першого плеснофалангового та інших суглобів. При перших клінічних проявах подагра була діагностована тільки у 29,3±4,7 % хворих. Ураження нирок виявлено у більшості хворих на подагру.
Analisis Perancangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Menggunakan Model Waterfall Dalam Peningkatan Inovasi Teknologi
Authors: Rusdiyan Yusron Rizqi Darma , Huda Muhamat Maarifatul 
Published: July 2021

Ruang perpustakaan itu salah satu fasilitas dari lembaga pendidikan yang memainkan peranan penting dalam mendukung kegiatan belajar. Masih banyak perpustakaan dengan transaksi sistem perekaman yang menggunakan metode sederhana seperti pencatatan transaksi di buku atau microsoft excel. Manajemen data yang masih menggunakan metode konvensional dapat menyebabkan beberapa masalah. Analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi perpustakaan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dalam mengelola data dan informasi terkait dengan transaksi operasional dari perpustakaan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membangun sebuah sistem yang terkomputerasi yang dapat mendukung operasional perpustakaan. Metode pengembangan menggunakan model Waterfall yang merupakan salah satu model yang menyediakan pendekatan alur hidup perangkat lunak secara terurut dimulai dari analisis kebutuhan, analisis, desain, pengkodean, pengujian, dan maintenance. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi perpustakaan dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut, kehadiran sistem informasi perpustakan dapat mempermudah proses pendaftaran, peminjaman, pengembalian buku, pemesanan, dan penerimaan buku. Keberadaan sistem informasi perpustakaan memungkinkan untuk memantau koleksi buku yang belum dikembalikan. Sistem informasi memudahkan dalam mengetahui lokasi tata letak buku. Adanya pembatasan hak akses terhadap pengguna system. Adanya fitur pencatatan buku baru dengan penomoran buku yang auto generate berdasarkan kategori buku. Sistem yang terkomputerisasi mampu mengatasi beberapa masalah, seperti kehilangan data yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan proses bisnis di dalam perpustakaan.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Pada Media Sosial Melalui Iklan Instagram
Authors: Kurniawan Endang Pratiwi , Irwansyah Irwansyah 
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang bersanding lurus dengan perkembangan internet dengan munculnya berbagai sosial media yang dijadikan sebagai salah satu alat komunikasi tak terbatas kini dapat membantu berbagai macam sektor yang berada di dunia salah satunya dunia bisnis. Dimana media sosial yang sebelumnya hanya digunakan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai media komunikasi saja, saat ini media sosial dijadikan sebagai salah satu sarana komunikasi khususnya dalam hal promosi. Mengingat media sosial ini tidak terbatas ruang dan waktu, maka memberikan peluang besar terhadap para pelaku bisnis dengan memberikan mereka jangkauan penyebaran pemasaran produk dan jasa yang mereka tawarkan lebih luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pemasaran pada media sosial dengan menggunakan Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, hasilnya peneliti menemukan bahwa pemasaran melalui Instagram ini memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap kualitas penjualan produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan. Pelaku bisnis dapat menyusun program jangka panjang untuk melakukan pengiklanan atau melihat tren yang sedang terjadi di masyarakat terlebih dahulu lalu selanjutnya melakukan pengiklanan berdasar pada apa yang sedang tren di masyarakat sehingga pelaku bisnis dapat menyesuaikannya dengan kebutuhan konsumen atau target pasar.
Penggunaan Metode Demonstrasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas VI pada Materi Gaya dan Gerak di SDI Habiratin
Authors: Blupur Fransiska 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VI khususnya pada materi gaya dan gerak di SDI Habiratin. Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan guru agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna bagi peserta didik, antara lain: memiliki metode strategi dan model pembelajaran yang sesuai sehingga dapat menemukan yang sesuai bagi dirinya. Apabila guru telah menemukan model strategi, metode yang tepat dan sesuai bagi dirinya dan anak didik maka suasana pembelajaran menjadi lebih kreatif, dinamis, tidak monoton dan menyenangkan, sehingga dapat memberikan rasa puas bagi anak didik. Dampak selanjutnya adalah pemahaman terhadap konsep-konsep IPA yang dipelajari anak didik menjadi lebih bermakna, lebih kuat dan berdaya guna, sehingga hasil belajar anak didik menjadi lebih baik. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat dilakukan guru adalah metode demonstrasi. Subjek dalam penelitian siswa kelas VI SDI Habiratin semester I tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 yang terdiri dari 12 siswa. Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan yaitu prosedur jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. hasil belajar siswa yang tergolong dalam kategori tuntas pada tes pendahuluan hanya 46,87% (5 Siswa), siklus I sebesar 75,00% (7 Siswa) sedangkan pada siklus II mencapai 96,87% (10 Siswa), dengan demikian kategori hasil belajar siswa yang tergolong tuntas mengalami peningkatan sebesar 21,87%. Hasil belajar siswa yang tergolong dalam kategori tidak tuntas pada siklus I sebesar 25,00% (3 Siswa) sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 3,13% (0 Siswa) dengan demikian kategori hasil belajar siswa yang tergolong tidak tuntas mengalami penurunanan sebesar 21,87%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran IPA materi Gaya dan Gerak dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VI SDI Habiratin.
FIRST ROOTED, THEN GROUNDED: THE POSITION OF THE CHURCH INSTITUTION IN KUYPER’S ECCLESIOLOGY
Authors: Harefa Surya 
Published: July 2021

This article revisits the position of the institutional church in the ecclesiology of Abraham Kuyper (1837—1920). Following the growing interest in the life and work of Kuyper in North America, some scholars pay attention to the importance of his ecclesiology. However, it is common to consider that Kuyper in his later life preferred the aspect of the church as organism and thus marginalizing the church as institution. After exploring his ecclesiological concept on the distinction of the church as organism and institution, this paper examines several major works of Kuyper on the institutional church written in his later life. Finding that Kuyper consistently viewed the institutional church highly, I argue that his restriction toward the church as insitution is to strengthen and provide a stable position of the institutional church in modern society.
KEYWORDS: Kuyper, church as institution, church as organism, public theology
CHILDLIKE REVERENCE AND TRUST: CALVIN AND THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM ON PRAYER
Authors: Huijgen Arnold 
Published: July 2021

Prayer is a central theme in both Calvin's Institutes and the Heidelberg Catechism, although it is a neglected theme in present-day dogmatics. The present article compares Calvin's and the Heidelberg Catechism's stance on prayer in the context of the renewal of prayer as an effect of the Reformation of the 16th century. Both emphasise the experiential character of prayer and the importance of God's promise. The discussion of 'Amen' serves as a grand finale to the Heidelberg Catechism.
KEYWORDS: Calvin, Heidelberg Catechism, prayer, promise, Reformation, experience.