bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembling a consensus on actinic cheilitis: A Delphi study
Authors: Seoane Juan , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Bagán José Vicente , Aguirre‐Urizar José Manuel , López‐Jornet Pía , Hernández‐Vallejo Gonzalo , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Pereiro‐Ferreiros Manuel , Seoane‐Romero Javier , Varela‐Centelles Pablo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo discuss the terminology to define and classify actinic cheilitis (AC) and to build a consensus on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AC.MethodsTwo‐round Delphi study using a questionnaire including 34 closed sentences (9 on terminology and taxonomy, 5 on potential for malignant transformation, 12 on diagnostic aspects, 8 on treatment) and 8 open questions. Experts’ agreement was rated using a Likert scale (1–7).ResultsA consensus was reached on 24 out 34 statements (73.5%) and on 5 out of 8 (62.5%) close‐ended questions. The response rate was identical in both rounds (attrition of 0%). AC is the term with the highest agreement (median of 7 (strongly agree; IQR: 6–7)) and the lowest dispersion (VC = 21.33). ‘Potentially malignant disorder’ was the preferred classification group for AC (median of 7) and 85.6% of participants showing some level of agreement (CV < 50). Experts (66.75%) consider AC a clinical term (median: 7; IQR: 4–7) and believe definitive diagnosis can be made clinically (median: 6; IQR: 5–7), particularly by inspection and palpation (median: 5; IQR: 4–6). Histopathological confirmation is mandatory for the management of AC (median: 5; IQR: 2.5–7), even for homogeneous lesions (median: 5; IQR: 3.5–6). Consensus was reached on all treatment statements (VC < 50).ConclusionsAC is a potentially malignant disorder with a significant lack of agreement on diagnostic criteria, procedures, biopsy indications and the importance of techniques to assist in biopsy. A consensus was reached on nomenclature and management of this disorder.
Adherence to Masking Requirement During the COVID‐19 Pandemic by Early Elementary School Children
Authors: Mickells Geoffrey E. , Figueroa Janet , West Kelly Withers , Wood Anna , McElhanon Barbara O. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTop public health experts and organizations strongly recommend universal masking for children older than 2 years old during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but speculate it may be difficult for young children. This study sought to assess the usage of cloth face masks in grades pre‐K‐2 and identify associated characteristics and adverse events. It is the first data to assess mask wearing by young children in school.METHODSThis online, prospective, observational, survey in multiple schools within a single school district in a major metropolitan area measured adherence to face covering mandates by students in grades pre‐K‐2 as measured by percentage of day with appropriate face mask wearing per report via daily teacher surveys for the first 4 weeks of school.RESULTSThe primary outcome was percent of the day that the entire class was wearing their masks appropriately. Of the estimated almost 1000 students and 1048 classroom days reported, the mean percentage of the school day with appropriate mask usage was 76.9%.CONCLUSIONSFor a majority of the day while conducting in‐person instruction, children in grades pre‐K‐2 are able to adhere to mask wearing as a key mitigation strategy for limiting SARS‐CoV2 infection spread and possible future use.
Findings from a caries risk assessment registry quality improvement initiative in an oral health partnership model
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston , Horton Roger A. , Ruff Jesley C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis quality improvement study evaluates the impact of a caries risk assessment (CRA) registry on the following: percentage of children with a documented CRA, receipt of preventive and restorative services, and costs of care.MethodsWe used 2014–2019 data for patients aged 0–17 years from 22 locations in a group practice in Wisconsin. Paired t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to evaluate changes over time in the following practice‐level outcomes: CRA documentation, fluoride receipt, continuing care procedures, restorative procedures, total procedures, and inflation‐adjusted costs of care. The same tests were used to compare average procedures and cost for patients a) enrolled and not enrolled in the registry, b) with and without CRA documentation, and c) at high and low caries risk.ResultsCRA documentation increased from 13 percent in 2014 to 87 percent in 2019 (P < 0.0001). There were statistically significant increases in the average number of continuing care procedures (from 1.47 to 1.54, P < 0.001), average total procedures (from 7.40 to 8.36, P < 0.001), and inflation‐adjusted average cost (from $491.51 to $553.37, P < 0.001) after accounting for multiple comparisons. The average number of restorative procedures decreased, with borderline statistical significance. Average cost was stable for registry‐enrolled patients and increased for those not enrolled.ConclusionsThe registry achieved the primary goal of improving CRA documentation among children. This quality improvement initiative appears to have had value‐enhancing effects by promoting increased receipt of preventive services and decreased restorative services, while maintaining stable average cost of care for registry‐enrolled patients over time.
Validity and Reliability of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms‐Japanese Version
Authors: Horita Ryo , Nishio Akihiro , Kawamoto Aki , Sado Tadahiro , Locke Benjamin D. , Yamamoto Mayumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo identify students who are struggling with mental distress and provide them with early and appropriate support, a valid and reliable multidimensional measure is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the convergent validity and the test–retest reliability of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms‐Japanese (CCAPS‐Japanese). For the validity examination, 1,627 undergraduate students were randomized into five groups. Each group completed one of five questionnaires, comprised of the CCAPS‐Japanese along with one, two, or three validation scales depending on the group. For the reliability examination, a total of 184 and 106 students completed the CCAPS‐Japanese at one‐week and two‐week intervals, respectively. In the validity study, the highest correlation for each CCAPS‐Japanese subscale was found to exist with its referent measure except for the Generalized Anxiety subscale. In the reliability study, correlations for subscale scores at test and retest were significant, ranging from .66 to .88. These findings suggest that the 55‐item CCAPS‐Japanese is applicable for use with Japanese university students.
Decolonizing Care at Diagnosis: Culture, History, and Family at an Urban Inter‐tribal Clinic
Authors: Smith‐Morris Carolyn , Rodriguez Sylvia , Soto Rose , Spencer Morningstar , Meneghini Luigi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe decolonization framework in medical anthropology is slowly reframing tropes of cultural competency toward decolonizing health care. For decolonization of health care to occur, both colonial histories and continuing postcolonial inequities must be recognized from the first diagnostic moment. We report on qualitative research into the role of culture, history, and family experience in person‐specific reactions to receipt of a diagnosis. A collaborative approach at an urban inter‐tribal clinic was used to interview patients with a recent (within six months) diagnosis of diabetes or related condition. Interviews revealed ways that the Relocation Act eventuated in isolation, poverty, and diabetes among now‐urban Native Americans. We discuss how patients may or may not have the ability to (re)connect with their heritage and may simultaneously perceive only recent family contexts as influential in their diabetes. We conclude by acknowledging how postcolonial harms are not captured in diagnoses but should not be left out of diagnostic discussions.
Large‐Scale Structure, Performance and Brahms's Op. 119 No. 2
Authors: Behan Adam 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTResearch in musical performance studies has generated a healthy scepticism of the importance of large‐scale structure to performance (in terms of both interpretation and perception): on the one hand, it might well be hardwired into notation; on the other, prioritising it risks simply repeating outworn maxims that neglect the performer's musical contributions. Recently some scholars have begun to rethink the potential structural relevance of performance rather than necessarily determining structure on the basis of the musical score alone. In this article I consolidate some of this thinking and draw out its implications for performers’ handling of large‐scale structure; in doing so, I suggest that we consider moving away from conventional large‐scale score‐based forms as structural mandates or certainties. I support this through a case study of Johannes Brahms's Intermezzo in E minor, Op. 119 No. 2, in which I analyse recorded performances by Wilhelm Backhaus, Maria Yudina and Ilona Eibenschütz. I conclude by arguing that the inclusion and prioritisation of any particular musical material – whether the score, performance, or other – requires serious consideration and reflection in any analytical act.
MALDI‐TOF MS characterisation, genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon species from Iranian clinical samples
Authors: Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Ilkit Macit , Vaseghi Narges , Zahedi Nina , Zomorodian Kamiar , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Afsarian Mohammad Hosein , Abbasi Kiana , de Groot Theun , Meis Jacques F. , Badali Hamid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrichosporonosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by Trichosporon species, a genus of yeast‐like fungi, which are frequently encountered in human infections ranging from mild cutaneous lesions to fungemia in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of trichosporonosis has increased in recent years, owing to higher numbers of individuals at risk for this infection. Although amphotericin B, posaconazole and isavuconazole are generally effective against Trichosporon species, some isolates may have variable susceptibility to these antifungals.ObjectivesHerein, we evaluated the species distribution, genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichosporon isolates in Iran.MethodsThe yeasts were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The in vitro susceptibilities of eight antifungal agents were analysed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods.ResultsThe isolates belonged to the species T asahii (n = 20), T japonicum (n = 4) and T faecale (n = 3). A dendrogram of the AFLP analysis demonstrated that T asahii and non‐asahii Trichosporon strains (T japonicum and T faecale) are phylogenetically distinct. While voriconazole was the most active agent (GM MIC = 0.075 μg/ml), high fluconazole MICs (8 μg/ml) were observed for a quarter of Trichosporon isolates. The GM MIC value of amphotericin B for T asahii and non‐asahii Trichosporon species was 0.9 μg/ml.ConclusionsThe distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of the identified Trichosporon species could inform therapeutic choices for treating these emerging life‐threatening fungi.
Utrophin modulator drugs as potential therapies for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Soblechero‐Martín Patricia , López‐Martínez Andrea , de la Puente‐Ovejero Laura , Vallejo‐Illarramendi Ainara , Arechavala‐Gomeza Virginia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUtrophin is an autosomal paralogue of dystrophin, a protein whose deficit causes Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD). Utrophin is naturally overexpressed at the sarcolemma of mature dystrophin‐deficient fibres in DMD and BMD patients as well as in the mdx Duchenne mouse model. Dystrophin and utrophin can co‐localise in human foetal muscle, in the dystrophin‐competent fibres from DMD/BMD carriers, and revertant fibre clusters in biopsies from DMD patients. These findings suggest that utrophin overexpression could act as a surrogate, compensating for the lack of dystrophin, and, as such, it could be used in combination with dystrophin restoration therapies. Different strategies to overexpress utrophin are currently under investigation. In recent years, many compounds have been reported to modulate utrophin expression efficiently in preclinical studies and ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in animal models of the disease. In this manuscript, we discuss the current knowledge on utrophin protein and the different mechanisms that modulate its expression in skeletal muscle. We also include a comprehensive review of compounds proposed as utrophin regulators and, as such, potential therapeutic candidates for these muscular dystrophies.
Healthcare workers’ distress and perceived discrimination related to COVID‐19 in Colombia
Authors: Campo‐Arias Adalberto , Jiménez‐Villamizar María Paola , Caballero‐Domínguez Carmen Cecilia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the association of perceived discrimination related to COVID‐19 with psychological distress in healthcare workers in the Colombian Caribbean region. The authors designed and conducted a cross‐sectional study, recruiting a non‐probabilistic sample by email or instant messaging. Participants filled out a questionnaire including scales for perceived discrimination, anxiety, depression, perceived stress related to COVID‐19, and suicide risk. Healthcare workers (n = 150) aged 18 to 68 years participated; of these, 72% were women, and the breakdown by occupation was 39.3% nursing assistants, 18.0% nurses, and 42.7% physicians. Perceived discrimination scores showed positive correlations with depressive symptoms among nursing assistants and physicians (rs = 0.34), and suicide risk in nursing assistants (rs = 0.35) and physicians (rs = 0.31). Among nurses, all measurements were independent of perceived discrimination. Nursing assistants scored highest in perceived discrimination. Physicians scored higher for COVID‐19 perceived stress than nursing assistants, and nurses showed similar scores to physicians. In conclusion, perceived discrimination is related to depressive symptoms and suicide risk among nursing assistants and physicians. Nursing assistants report more perceived discrimination than nurses and physicians.
13C‐gastric emptying breath tests: Clinical use in adults and children
Authors: Keller Jutta , Hammer Heinz F , Hauser Bruno 
Published: May 2021

Abstract13C‐gastric emptying breath tests (13C‐GEBT) are validated, reliable, and non‐invasive tools for measurement of gastric emptying (GE) velocity of solids and liquids without radiation exposure or risk of toxicity. They are recommended and routinely used for clinical purposes in adult as well as pediatric patients and can be readily performed onsite or even at the patient's home. However, the underlying methodology is rather complex and test results can be influenced by dietary factors, physical activity, concurrent diseases, and medication. Moreover, epidemiological factors can influence gastric emptying as well as production and exhalation of 13CO2, which is the ultimate metabolic product measured for all 13C‐breath tests. Accordingly, in this issue of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Kovacic et al. report performance of the 13C‐Spirulina breath test in a large group of healthy children and show significant effects of gender, pubertal status, and body size on test results. The purpose of this mini‐review is to evaluate the clinical use of 13C‐GEBT in adults and children, exploring available protocols, analytical methods, and essential prerequisites for test performance, as well as the role of GE measurements in the light of the current discussion on relevance of delayed GE for symptom generation.
Integration of genome wide association studies and co‐expression networks reveal roles of PtoWRKY42‐PtoUGT76C1‐1 in trans‐zeatin metabolism and cytokinin sensitivity in poplar
Authors: Song Yuepeng , Chen Panfei , Xuan Anran , Bu Chenhao , Liu Peng , Ingvarsson Pär K. , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Cytokinins are important for in vitro shoot regeneration in plants. Cytokinin N‐glucosides are produced via an irreversible glycosylation pathway, which regulates the endogenous cytokinin content. Although cytokinin N‐glucoside pathways have been uncovered in higher plants, no regulator has been identified to date.

We performed a metabolome genome‐wide association study (mGWAS), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mappings to build a core triple genetic network (mGWAS–gene expression–phenotype) for the trans‐zeatin N‐glucoside (ZNG) metabolite using data from 435 unrelated Populus tomentosa individuals.

Variation of the ZNG level in poplar is attributed to the differential transcription of PtoWRKY42, a member of WRKY multigene family group IIb. Functional analysis revealed that PtoWRKY42 negatively regulated ZNG accumulation by binding directly to the W‐box of the UDP‐glycosyltransferase 76C 1‐1 (PtoUGT761‐1) promoter. Also, PtoWRKY42 was strongly induced by leaf senescence, 6‐BA, wounding, and salt stress, resulting in a reduced ZNG level.

We identified PtoWRKY42, a negative regulator of cytokinin N‐glucosides, which contributes to the natural variation in ZNG level and mediates ZNG accumulation by directly modulating the key glycosyltransferase gene PtoUGT76C1‐1.
Effects of tip‐manipulated stylet angle on intubation using the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope in children: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Cho Sung‐Ae , Choe Hyun‐Woo , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn optimal endotracheal tube curve can be a key factor in successful intubation using the GlideScope videolaryngoscope.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of tube tip‐modified stylet curve on the intubation time in children.MethodsChildren aged 1‐5 years were randomly assigned to either the standard curve (group S, n = 60) or tip‐modified curve (group T, n = 60) groups. In group S, the endotracheal tube curve was similar to that in the GlideScope. In group T, a point approximately 1.5 cm from the tube tip was additionally angled to the left by 15°‐20°. The primary outcome was the total intubation time, and the secondary outcomes were incidence of successful intubation in the first attempt, number of additional manipulations of the stylet curve, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for the easiness of intubation.ResultsThe mean total intubation time was significantly longer in group S than that in group T (13.9 [10.8] vs. 9.0 [3.4] sec, mean difference, 4.9 s; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0‐7.8; p = .001). All patients in group T were successfully intubated in the first attempt, whereas those in group S were not (100% vs. 93.3%, relative risk [RR], 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01‐2.02; p = .1376). Three patients in group S could be intubated after modifying the ETT curve similar to that in group T. Operators reported that tracheal intubation was easier in group T than in group S (median [interquartile range] for VAS; 1 [1‐2] vs. 2 [1‐3]; p < .001).ConclusionsHaving additional angle of the endotracheal tube tip to the left could be a useful technique to facilitate directing and advancing endotracheal tube into the vocal cords.
Utility of emergent plain X‐ray for childhood acute leukemia with bone pain
Authors: Ito Ai , Osumi Tomoo , Fujimori Kentaro , Tomizawa Daisuke , Kato Motohiro , Tsuji Satoshi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Ishiguro Akira , Miyazaki Osamu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the utility of plain X‐ray radiograph (PXR) findings in suggesting a diagnosis of acute leukemia in children presenting with bone pain in the emergency department (ED) of a children’s hospital.MethodsUsing our radiology reporting system and registered data for childhood acute leukemia, we collected data regarding patients who underwent musculoskeletal PXR examinations in the ED due to bone pain in their extremities, from March 1, 2002 to June 30, 2015. We retrospectively reviewed their PXR findings and clinical information from the electronic medical records.ResultsA total of 1,331 patients underwent PXR examinations and in 12 PXR findings showed suspected acute leukemia. From the registered data we found 12 acute leukemia patients who underwent emergency extremity PXR. Ten patients were finally confirmed to have acute leukemia by bone marrow examinations. The most common finding was lucent metaphyseal bands, demonstrated in seven cases, whereas six patients did not show any abnormalities in their peripheral blood cell counts. Sensitivity and specificity values of PXR for acute leukemia diagnosis were 90.0% and 99.8%, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 75.0% and 99.9%, respectively.ConclusionsPlain X‐ray radiograph is a useful diagnostic tool to detect possible acute leukemia in patients presenting with bone pain, earlier than abnormalities of their peripheral blood cell counts. Our results implied the possibility of re‐examining PXRs in acute leukemia more carefully, even when there are no abnormalities in blood cell counts.
Serum free carnitine levels in children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Muto Taichiro , Nakamura Nami , Masuda Yu , Numoto Shingo , Kodama Shunsuke , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Hayakawa Tomohito , Mori Hiromitsu , Iwayama Hideyuki , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Agata Hiroatsu , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarnitine plays an essential role in the transfer of long‐chain fatty acids to the mitochondria for β‐oxidation. No study has characterized carnitine in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). The objective of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of serum free carnitine (FC) in hospitalized pediatric patients with KD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with KD in whom serum FC levels were measured. We investigated the clinical and laboratory parameters before intravenous immunoglobulin was administered, including serum FC levels, according to the response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We also analyzed the relationship among serum FC, laboratory data, and clinical variables.ResultsIVIG was effective in 33 children (responders) and was ineffective in 12 children (non‐responders). Serum FC levels were higher in non‐responders than in responders: 35.3 μmol/L (range, 26.8–118.4 μmol/L) vs 31.4 μmol/L (range, 20.9‐81.2 μmol/L), P <0.05. FC levels before IVIG in 80% of responders were below the normal range. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and FC were higher in non‐responders than in responders. FC levels were correlated with AST (R2 = 0.364, P = 0.0015) and ALT (R2 = 0.423, P < 0.001) levels.ConclusionsFree carnitine levels were elevated in some patients with KD, especially in those who were refractory to IVIG. Additionally, FC levels in children with KD correlated with ASL and ALT levels.