bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High fever or hypotension predicts non‐hypoglycemia in patients with impaired consciousness in prehospital settings
Authors: Mizu Daisuke , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Huh Ji‐Young , Ariyoshi Koichi 
Published: March 2021

AimTo evaluate whether vital signs can predict whether hypoglycemia can be eliminated as the cause of impaired consciousness in prehospital settings.MethodsWe extracted the data of patients who underwent blood glucose measurements by paramedics in Kobe City, Japan from April 2015 to March 2019. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the validity of the vital signs in distinguishing hypoglycemia. We also calculated stratum‐specific likelihood ratios to examine the threshold at which hypoglycemia becomes less likely for each vital sign.ResultsOf the 1,791 patients, 1,242 were eligible for analysis. Hypoglycemia was observed in 324 patients (26.1%). Significant differences in each vital sign were noted between the hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups. Body temperature was moderately accurate in differentiating between the two groups (AUC, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.74). Furthermore, in patients with systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg and body temperature ≥38°C, it was unlikely that hypoglycemia caused impaired consciousness (stratum‐specific likelihood ratios 0.12 and 0.15; 95% confidence intervals, 0.05–0.25 and 0.06–0.35, respectively).ConclusionIn the prehospital assessment of patients with impaired consciousness, high fever or hypotension was helpful in differentiating between hypoglycemia and non‐hypoglycemia. In particular, body temperature ≥38°C or systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg indicated a low likelihood of hypoglycemia. A validation study is needed to confirm the findings in this study.
When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub‐Nano Clusters
Authors: Zandkarimi Borna , Poths Patricia , Alexandrova Anastassia N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSize selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. When the supported clusters are subnanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO2(110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub‐nano clusters thermally populate many low‐energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size‐selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. Acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. We propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level describes the found size‐specific sintering behavior.
Atomically Precise Engineering of Single‐Molecule Stereoelectronic Effect
Authors: Meng Linan , Xin Na , Wang Jinying , Xu Jiyu , Ren Shizhao , Yan Zhuang , Zhang Miao , Shen Cheng , Zhang Guangyu , Guo Xuefeng , Meng Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharge transport in a single‐molecule junction is extraordinarily sensitive to both the internal electronic structure of a molecule and its microscopic environment. Two distinct conductance states of a prototype terphenyl molecule are observed, which correspond to the bistability of outer phenyl rings at each end. An azobenzene unit is intentionally introduced through atomically precise side‐functionalization at the central ring of the terphenyl, which is reversibly isomerized between trans and cis forms by either electric or optical stimuli. Both experiment and theory demonstrate that the azobenzene side‐group delicately modulates charge transport in the backbone via a single‐molecule stereoelectronic effect. We reveal that the dihedral angle between the central and outer phenyl ring, as well as the corresponding rotation barrier, is subtly controlled by isomerization, while the behaviors of the phenyl ring away from the azobenzene are hardly affected. This tunability offers a new route to precisely engineer multiconfigurational single‐molecule memories, switches, and sensors.
Catalytic and Enantioselective Control of the C–N Stereogenic Axis via the Pictet–Spengler Reaction
Authors: Kim Ahreum , Kim Aram , Park Sunjung , Kim Sangji , Jo Hongil , Ok Kang Min , Lee Sang Kook , Song Jayoung , Kwon Yongseok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented example of a chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed atroposelective Pictet–Spengler reaction of N‐arylindoles is reported. Highly enantioenriched N‐aryl‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines with C−N bond axial chirality are obtained via dynamic kinetic resolution. The hydrogen bond donor introduced on the bottom aromatic ring, forming a secondary interaction with the phosphoryl oxygen, is essential to achieving high enantioselectivity. A wide variety of substituents are tolerable with this transformation to provide up to 98 % ee. The application of electron‐withdrawing group‐substituted benzaldehydes enables the control of both axial and point stereogenicity. Biological evaluation of this new and unique scaffold shows promising antiproliferative activity and emphasizes the significance of atroposelective synthesis.
Fluorine‐Induced Surface Metallization for Ammonia Synthesis under Photoexcitation up to 1550 nm
Authors: Fu Rong , Wu Zewen , Pan Ziye , Gao Zhuoyang , Li Zhen , Kong Xianghua , Li Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first observation of surface metallization of TiO2−x induced by fluoride ions is presented. The emerging metallic states are contributed by the 3d orbital of surface Ti and the 2p orbital of surface bridging F, which are intrinsically originated from the strong electron repulsion between F− and adjacent Ti3+. The metalized TiO2−x with reduced work function and downward band bending possesses high electron‐donating power to supported Ru species via atomic‐scale ohmic contacts, exhibiting unprecedented photocatalytic performances for ammonia synthesis across the entire solar spectrum region (200–1550 nm) at room temperature. Mechanism and kinetic analysis revealed that the loaded Ru could behave as efficient electron sinks to accumulate photogenerated electrons and that the metallic surface markedly enhanced the dissociation of H2 and N2 by the hot electrons generated by the visible or even infrared light irradiation.
A Self‐Assembled Homochiral Radical Cage with Paramagnetic Behaviors
Authors: Jiao Tianyu , Qu Hang , Tong Lu , Cao Xiaoyu , Li Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCondensation of an inherently C3‐symmetric polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical trisaldehyde with tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) yields a [4+4] tetrahedral radical cage as a racemic pair of homochiral enantiomers in 75 % isolated yield. The structure was characterized by X‐ray crystallography, confirming the homochirality of each cage framework. The homochirality results from intramolecular [CH⋅⋅⋅π] and hydrogen‐bonding interactions within the cage framework. The four PTM radicals in a cage undergo weak through‐space coupling. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that each cage bears 3.58 spins.
Studies on the Lithiation, Borylation, and 1,2‐Metalate Rearrangement of O‐Cycloalkyl 2,4,6‐Triisopropylbenzoates
Authors: Mykura Rory C. , Songara Pradip , Luc Eugenia , Rogers Jack , Stammers Ellie , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA broad range of acyclic primary and secondary 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzoate (TIB) esters have been used in lithiation‐borylation reactions, but cyclic TIB esters have not. We have studied the use of cyclic TIB esters in lithiation‐borylation reactions and looked at the effect of ring size (3‐ → 6‐membered rings) on the three key steps of the lithiation‐borylation protocol: deprotonation, borylation and 1,2‐metalate rearrangement. Although all rings sizes could be deprotonated, the cyclohexyl case was impractically slow, and the cyclopentyl example underwent α‐elimination faster than deprotonation at −78 °C and so could not be used. Both cyclobutyl and cyclopropyl cases underwent rapid borylation, but only the cyclobutyl substrate underwent 1,2‐metalate rearrangement. Thus, the cyclobutyl TIB ester occupies a “Goldilocks zone,” being small enough for deprotonation and large enough to enable 1,2‐migration. The generality of the reaction was explored with a broad range of boronic esters.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Technology and Learning Outcomes in Dental Anatomy Education: E‐Learning Approach
Authors: Corte‐Real Ana , Nunes Tiago , Caetano Catarina , Almiro Pedro A. 
Published: March 2021

E‐learning is an educational method that improves knowledge innovation by sharing relevant images for advanced learning, especially in a pandemic state. Furthermore, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a method that gathers medical or dental diagnostic images. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of dental anatomy education through a CBCT technology tool, through teachers' and students' perspectives, adjusted according to the disruptions caused by the Covid‐19 pandemic. A cohort study and longitudinal exploratory analysis were performed. Forty undergraduate first‐year dental students, from the University of Coimbra in Portugal, were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two different teaching methods were applied during an identical time‐period: face‐to‐face lectures complemented by physical models (T1 cohort) and webinar lectures complemented by CBCT images (T2 cohort). Learning outcomes were then studied according to theoretical and spatial orientation contexts. A self‐reported survey that focused on students' satisfaction, stress, and support was studied. Both teaching methods were analyzed with paired sample student's t‐test and Pearson Correlation Confidence intervals 95% with P < 0.05. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used for self‐reported satisfaction survey validity and reliability analysis. The learning outcomes between T1 and T2 cohorts were statistically significant, (P < 0.001) corresponding to differences with a large effect degree (r > 0.60). Students' satisfaction, as measured on a six‐point Likert scale, was positively influenced by the webinar lectures supplemented with CBCT images (T2 cohort) in a learning context (4.95 ± 0.5) and future applications (5.92 ± 0.27). In conclusion, the webinar approach with CBCT images was more effective and better learning method for teaching dental anatomy.
Automatic Rate, Fee, and Charge Increases for Water Utilities
Authors: Mantz Bryan A. 
Published: March 2021

Key TakeawaysUtilities should consider implementing automatic rate increases.With proper communication, governing bodies and the public often accept small, automatic rate adjustments.Utilities should adopt formal policies with financial targets to guide rate development and financial decisions.An “annual increase reference” column in rate schedules provides an easy way to manage and update rate increase provisions.
Shaggy functions downstream of dMyc and their concurrent downregulation confers additive rescue against tau toxicity in Drosophila
Authors: Pragati  , Sarkar Surajit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are characterized by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and their subsequent aggregation in the forms of paired helical filaments and/or neurofibrillary tangles in specific areas of the brain. Despite several attempts, it remains a challenge to develop reliable biomarkers or effective drugs against tauopathies. It is increasingly evident now that due to the involvement of multiple cellular cascades affected by the pathogenic tau molecules, a single genetic modifier or a molecule is unlikely to be efficient enough to provide an inclusive rescue. Hence, multitargets based combinatorial approach(s) have been suggested to provide an efficient rescue against tauopathies. We have reported earlier that targeted downregulation of dmyc (a Drosophila homolog of human cmyc proto‐oncogene) restricts tau etiology by limiting tau hyperphosphorylation and heterochromatin loss. Although, dmyc generates a significant rescue; however, it is not proficient enough to provide a complete alleviation against tauopathies. Here, we report that tissue‐specific concurrent downregulation of dmyc and gsk3β conveys a near‐complete rescue against tau toxicity in Drosophila. We noted that combinatorial downregulation of dmyc and gsk3β reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, restricts the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and restores heterochromatin loss to the physiological level. Our subsequent investigations revealed that dmyc regulates gsk3β via protein phosphatase 2A (dPP2A) in a dose‐dependent manner to regulate tau pathogenesis. We propose that dmyc and gsk3β candidates can be utilized in a synergistic manner for the development of an efficient combinatorial therapeutic approach against the devastating human tauopathies.
Isotope Effects on the Energy Flow and Bond Dissociations of Excited α‐Chlorotoluene in Collisions with H2/D2
Authors: Lee Sang Kwon , Ree Jongbaik 
Published: March 2021

We have studied the vibrational relaxation of excited α‐chlorotoluene and dissociations of CHring and CCl bonds of α‐chlorotoluene in the α‐chlorotoluene + H2/D2 collision at 300 K using classical trajectory procedure. The vibrational energy loss of excited α‐chlorotoluene by the collision of the ground‐state H2/D2 is small, but it increases with increasing the total vibrational excitation, ET. The magnitude of energy loss was significantly larger in the α‐CT + D2 system, especially for values of ET above 30 000 cm−1. Moreover, the vibrational relaxation of α‐CT was found to be primarily because of the CCl vibrational decay. Furthermore, the D2 molecule induced stronger perturbations on the α‐CT molecule, which enhanced the vibrational relaxation of α‐CT. Dissociation probabilities in both systems, which were initially low, rapidly increased with an increase in the total vibrational excitation. The CCl bond dissociation probability was found to be lower than that of CHring at values of ET slightly below 70  000 cm−1, because the probability of the CCl bond gaining sufficient energy for dissociation was low compared to that of the CHring bond. The dissociation probabilities of the CHring and CCl bonds in the α‐CT + D2 collision system were found to be higher than those in the α‐CT + H2 system, because of more efficient perturbation in the former.
Pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 in rats by UFLC–MS/MS
Authors: Ma Chao , Lin Qiyan , Xue Yafu , Ju Zhengcai , Deng Gang , Liu Wei , Sun Yuting , Guan Huida , Cheng Xuemei , Wang Changhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA rapid ultra‐fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, a pair of isomers, in rat plasma, which was successfully applied to their pharmacokinetic studies. Two ginsenosides were given to male Sprague–Dawley rats via intragastrical and intravenous routes, respectively, and the impact of double bond position on the pharmacokinetic features of the two ginsenosides was elucidated in rats. Ginsenoside Rg3 was used as internal standard and ethyl acetate was applied to extract analytes and internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse‐phase UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The flow rate was set to 0.4 ml/min. The fragmentation transition was m/z 765.4 → m/z 101.1 for two ginsenosides. The mobile phases were composed of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The linear range was 2–1,000 ng/ml for the two ginsenosides. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <11.67%, and accuracy fluctuated from −7.44 to 6.78%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable levels. After treatment with ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, some differences were found in their pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. The maximum plasma drug concentration and the area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve of ginsenoside Rg5 were about 5 times bigger than those of ginsenoside Rk1 after oral administration, and 3 times higher after intravenous administration. The oral bioavailabilities of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 were 0.67 and 0.97%, respectively. The results indicated that ∆20(22)‐ginsenosides showed better pharmacokinetic features than ∆20(21)‐ginsenosides with the same glycosylation.
Optimization of oat amylase activity during sprouting to enhance sugar production
Authors: Watt Erin E. , Dunn Michael L. , Steele Frost M. , Pike Oscar A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesSprouted grain products meet consumer demands for foods with clean label ingredient statements and plant‐based origins. The purpose of this study was to optimize oat cultivar, sprouting time and temperature, and preservation technique to produce a sprouted oat powder ingredient that could be stored and later added to oat flour to produce a sweetened paste for use in creating cereal bars and other products.FindingsDuring sprouting at 16°C, Paul cv., GMI 423 cv., Souris cv. and Horsepower cv. oats had higher alpha‐amylase activity than the other 10 cultivars evaluated. During 4‐week ambient storage, Paul decreased in alpha‐amylase activity for both oven‐dried and freeze‐dried samples, whereas Horsepower remained constant, with freeze‐drying being the superior preservation method. Optimal temperature for sugar production in a slurry of sprouted Horsepower oats, oat flour, and water heated for up to 6 hr was 55°C.ConclusionsHorsepower cv. oats, sprouted for 120 hr at 24°C, can be freeze‐dried and stored up to 4 weeks without a decrease in alpha‐amylase activity. Subsequent addition of this enhanced amylase powder to oat flour increased sugar production.Significance and noveltyOat products containing sprouted oat powder have the market advantage of a simpler ingredient list, being sweetened with sugars hydrolyzed from oat starch using endogenous oat enzymes. The potential for using endogenous enzymes in oats to produce a clean label oat sweetener has not been reported in the literature.
Late relapse of IgM nephropathy‐associated nephrotic syndrome after repeated administration of immune checkpoint inhibitor against pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Odani Kentaro , Tachibana Mitsuhiro , Nogaki Fumiaki , Tsutsumi Yutaka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractICPIs were effective for primary and metastatic foci of lung adenocarcinoma, but their repeated use provoked a late relapse of IgM nephropathy and lethal lesions in pancreas and lung. ICPIs should be used carefully in cases of immune‐related disease.
Four diseases, PLAID, APLAID, FCAS3 and CVID and one gene (PHOSPHOLIPASE C, GAMMA‐2; PLCG2): Striking clinical phenotypic overlap and difference
Authors: Kutukculer Necil , Topyildiz Ezgi , Berdeli Afig , Guven Bilgin Burcu , Aykut Ayca , Durmaz Asude , Cogulu Ozgur , Aksu Guzide , Edeer Karaca Neslihan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe suggest PLAID, APLAID, and FCAS3 have to be considered as different aspects of the same underlying condition, because of our long‐term clinical and genetical experiences. Some CVID patients have the same disease‐causing mutations in PLCG2 gene, so it may be better to define all of them as “PLCG2deficiency.”
Angioma serpiginosum in zosteriform distribution on abdomen: A rare presentation
Authors: Acharya Kamal P. , Pandey Prajwal , Shah Rajan , Bista Muna , Shrestha Samir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAngioma serpiginosum is a rare benign nevoid disorder affecting the small vessels of the upper dermis. We are presenting a case of this rare disease in an 11‐year‐old girl who presented with this condition on abdomen in zosteriform pattern which is rare presentation and is the first of its type.
Understanding the Incorporation and Release of Salicylic Acid in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Topical Administration
Authors: Rojas Sara , Horcajada Patricia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely demonstrated to be great candidates for drug delivery applications, they have been mainly proposed for the intravenous route. Here, eight highly porous benchmarked MOFs, with different topologies and structures, are proposed for the topical delivery of salicylic acid (SA), an important, but highly reactive and unstable, therapeutically active metabolite of aspirin. The microporous Zr aminoterephthalate UiO‐66‐NH2 was selected as the most promising SA carrier, achieving important loadings (12.1 wt.%). Finally, the SA delivery process was studied under simulated cutaneous conditions (aqueous media at 37 °C), reaching a plateau in 6 h (with ∼64 % or ∼105.6 mg of released SA per g of UiO‐66‐NH2). These results demonstrate the suitability of UiO‐66‐NH2 for the topical controlled release of SA, making this formulation a promising candidate for the development of new devices for skin treatment.
Synergistic Catalytic Acceleration of MXene/MWCNTs as Decorating Materials for Ultrasensitive Detection of Morphine
Authors: Ren Shufang , Feng Runyan , Cheng Shounian , Wang Qingtao , Zheng Zhixiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTi3C2TX MXene was synthesized by exfoliating pristine Ti3AlC2 phase with hydrofluoric acid. The simple methods of mechanical mixing and drop‐casting of Ti3C2TX and MWCNTs were carried out to prepare sensing electrode of Ti3C2TX/MWCNTs/GCE. The composite and topography, especially the surface functional groups of Ti3C2TX/MWCNTs were analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectrum. The results turned out that Ti3C2TX was characteristic by accordion‐like 2D nanostructure with the surfaces terminated with −OH, −F, and =O. When combining with acid pretreated, the interaction between the functional groups of Ti3C2TX and MWCNTs facilitated the convenience and reproducibility of the robust modified electrodes and could make Ti3C2TX/MWCNTs/GCE possess good synergistic catalytic acceleration by increasing the electron transfer efficiency as well as adsorption and aggregation of MOP analyte onto the electrode surface. Versatile electrochemical measurements of CV, DPV and EIS were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of Ti3C2TX/MWCNTs/GCE sensing platform. The linear detection range is 0.01–100 μM with the limit of detection of 0.0092 μM (S/N=3). The sensor has good stability, repeatability, reproducibility and anti‐interference. In the detection of serum and urine samples, it has a good recovery rate.
Dynamic energy correlation analysis of E. coli aspartokinase III and alteration of allosteric regulation by manipulating energy transduction pathways
Authors: Wang Shizhen , Ma Chengwei , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConformational change associated with allosteric regulation in a protein is ultimately driven by energy transformation. However, little is known about the latter process. In this work, we combined steered molecular dynamics simulations and sequence conservation analysis to investigate the conformational changes and energy transformation in the allosteric enzyme aspartokinase III (AK III) from Escherichia coli. Correlation analysis of energy change at residue level indicated significant transformation between electrostatic energy and dihedral angle energy during the allosteric regulation. Key amino acid residues located in the corresponding energy transduction pathways were identified by dynamic energy correlation analysis. To verify their functions, residues with a high energy correlation in the pathways were altered and their effects on allosteric regulation of AKIII were determined. This study sheds new insights into energy transformation during allosteric regulation of AK III and proposes a strategy to identify key residues that are involved in intramolecular energy transduction and thus in driving the allosteric process.