bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of patient engagement to quality of breast cancer care and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study among Latina breast cancer survivors in rural and urban communities
Authors: Bonilla Jackie , Escalera Cristian , Santoyo-Olsson Jasmine , Samayoa Cathy , Ortiz Carmen , Stewart Anita L. , Nápoles Anna María 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Compared to their white counterparts, Latina breast cancer survivors experience poorer quality of care and worse health-related quality of life. Limited English proficiency (LEP) and patient engagement in cancer care could help explain these disparities. We assessed associations between LEP status and difficulty engaging with physicians, with self-reported quality of breast cancer care and health-related quality of life (physical and emotional well-being) among rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors.

Methods
Analyses used cross-sectional baseline survey data from two studies that tested a stress management program among rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors in California. Medical information was collected through medical records review. Linear regression models examined bivariate and multivariable associations of LEP status (yes or no), difficulty engaging with doctors (asking questions and participating in treatment decisions) (1–4; higher score = greater difficulty), and rural versus urban site, with three outcomes: (1) quality of breast cancer care and information; (2) physical well-being; and (3) and emotional well-being, controlling for demographic and medical factors.

Results
The total sample included 304 women (151 from urban and 153 from rural sites). Mean age was 52.7 years (SD 10.9). Most were limited English proficient (84.5%) and had less than a high school education (67.8%). Difficulty engaging with doctors was inversely associated with patient ratings of quality of breast cancer care and information (B = − 0.190, p = 0.014), emotional well-being (B = − 1.866, p < 0.001), and physical well-being (B = − 1.272, p = 0.002), controlling for demographic and treatment factors. LEP (vs. not; B = 1.987, p = 0.040) was independently associated with physical well-being only. Rural/urban status was not related independently to any outcome.

Conclusions
Rural and urban Latina breast cancer survivors who report greater difficulty engaging with physicians experienced worse quality of breast cancer care and health-related quality of life. Promoting greater engagement of Latina breast cancer survivors in cancer care and providing medical interpreters when needed could improve patient outcomes among this vulnerable group.
Trial registration: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02931552 and NCT01383174.
Assessing the effect of virtual education on information literacy competency for evidence-based practice among the undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Shamsaee Maryam , Mangolian shahrbabaki Parvin , Ahmadian Leila , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Fatehi Farhad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation literacy competency is one of the requirements to implement Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing. It is necessary to pay attention to curricular development and use new educational methods such as virtual education to strengthen information literacy competency in nursing students. Given the scarcity of the studies on the effectiveness of virtual education in nursing, particularly in Iran, and the positive university atmosphere regarding the use of virtual education, this study investigated the effect of virtual education on the undergraduate nursing students’ information literacy competency for EBP.MethodsThis interventional study was performed with two groups of intervention and control and a pretest and posttest design. Seventy-nine nursing students were selected and assigned to the intervention or control groups by random sampling. Virtual education of the information literacy was uploaded on a website in the form of six modules delivered in four weeks. Questionnaires of demographic information and information literacy for EBP were used to collect data before and one month after the virtual education.ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all dimensions of information literacy competency in the pre-test stage. In the post-test, the virtual education improved dimensions of information seeking skills (t = 3.14,p = 0.002) and knowledge about search operators (t = 39.84,p = 0.001) in the intervention groups compared with the control group. The virtual education did not have any significant effect on the use of different information resources and development of search strategy with assessing the frequency of selecting the most appropriate search statement in the intervention group.ConclusionVirtual education had a significant effect on information seeking skills and knowledge about search operators in nursing students. Nurse educators can benefit from our experiences in designing this method for the use of virtual education programs in nursing schools. Given the lack of effectiveness of this program in using different information resources and development of search strategy, nurse educators are recommended to train information literacy for EBP by integrating several approaches such as virtual (online and offline) and face-to-face education.
The residual cardiorenal risk in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Maiorino Maria Ida , Bellastella Giuseppe , Esposito Katherine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this commentary, we introduce the concepts of removed and residual risks in conditioning thecardiorenal outlook of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The removed cardiorenal risk represents the risk of progression of CV events (major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE; heart failure, HF) and diabetes kidney disease (DKD) taken away by optimal glycemic control or the use of newer antihyperglycemic drugs (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, GLP-1RA, andsodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, SGLT-2i) in patients with T2D, as demonstrated by the results of intensive glucose lowering trials (IGT) and cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT). IGT have shown that successful glycemic control has modest benefits, as the removed cardiorenal risk ranges from 9% for MACE, to 20% for progression of DKD and to 0% for HF. The removed risk of MACE is 13% for GLP-1RA and 12% for SGLT-2i. However, SGLT-2i, as compared with GLP-1RA, removed twofold more risk (39% vs 17%) for kidney outcomes and fourfold more risk (33% vs 9%) for HF. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have no clinically important cardiorenal benefits, as residual risk is 99% for MACE, 100% for kidney outcomes (excluding new albuminuria), and 100% for HF. Although the results of some real world, population-based cohort studies suggest the possibility that the cardiorenal protection afforded by newer antihyperglycemic drugs is additive to that of optimal glycemic control, only specific randomized controlled trials could answer this question.
Noninvasive prenatal testing of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia through population-based parental haplotyping
Authors: Chen Chao , Li Ru , Sun Jun , Zhu Yaping , Jiang Lu , Li Jian , Fu Fang , Wan Junhui , Guo Fengyu , An Xiaoying , Wang Yaoshen , Fan Linlin , Sun Yan , Guo Xiaosen , Zhao Sumin , Wang Wanyang , Zeng Fanwei , Yang Yun , Ni Peixiang , Ding Yi , Xiang Bixia , Peng Zhiyu , Liao Can 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of recessive monogenic diseases depends heavily on knowing the correct parental haplotypes. However, the currently used family-based haplotyping method requires pedigrees, and molecular haplotyping is highly challenging due to its high cost, long turnaround time, and complexity. Here, we proposed a new two-step approach, population-based haplotyping-NIPT (PBH-NIPT), using α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia as prototypes.MethodsFirst, we deduced parental haplotypes with Beagle 4.0 with training on a large retrospective carrier screening dataset (4356 thalassemia carrier screening-positive cases). Second, we inferred fetal haplotypes using a parental haplotype-assisted hidden Markov model (HMM) and the Viterbi algorithm.ResultsWith this approach, we enrolled 59 couples at risk of having a fetus with thalassemia and successfully inferred 94.1% (111/118) of fetal alleles. We confirmed these alleles by invasive prenatal diagnosis, with 99.1% (110/111) accuracy (95% CI, 95.1–100%).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that PBH-NIPT is a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive strategy for NIPT of thalassemia.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of efflux pump and biofilm in multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella Serovars isolated from food animals and handlers in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Olubisose Elizabeth Tolulope , Ajayi Abraham , Adeleye Adeyemi Isaac , Smith Stella Ifeanyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug resistance efflux pumps and biofilm formation are mechanisms by which bacteria can evade the actions of many antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistant non-typhoidalSalmonellaserovars have become wide spread causing infections that result in high morbidity and mortality globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efflux pump activity and biofilm forming capability of multidrug resistant non-typhoidalSalmonella(NTS) serovars isolated from food handlers and animals (cattle, chicken and sheep) in Lagos.MethodsForty eight NTS serovars were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method and phenotypic characterization of biofilm formation was done by tissue culture plate method. Phenotypic evaluation of efflux pump activity was done by the ethidium bromide cartwheel method and genes encoding biofilm formation and efflux pump activity were determined by PCR.ResultsAll 48Salmonellaisolates displayed resistance to one or more classes of test antibiotics with 100% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Phenotypically, 28 (58.3%) of the isolates exhibited efflux pump activity. However, genotypically, 7 (14.6%) of the isolates harbouredacrA,acrBandtolC, 8 (16.7%) harbouredacrA,acrDandtolCwhile 33 (68.8%) possessedacrA,acrB,acrDandtolC. All (100%) the isolates phenotypically had the ability to form biofilm with 23 (47.9%), 24 (50.0%), 1 (2.1%) categorized as strong (SBF), moderate (MBF) and weak (WBF) biofilm formers respectively butcsgAgene was detected in only 23 (47.9%) of them. Antibiotic resistance frequency was significant (p < 0.05) in SBF and MBF and efflux pump activity was detected in 6, 21, and 1 SBF, MBF and WBF respectively.ConclusionThese data suggest thatSalmonellaserovars isolated from different food animals and humans possess active efflux pumps and biofilm forming potential which has an interplay in antibiotic resistance. There is need for prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and scrupulous hygiene practice to prevent the transmission of multidrug resistantSalmonellaspecies within the food chain.
Baker’s cyst in children: conservative management versus surgical excision according to clinical and imaging criteria
Authors: Mansour Mohammed A. , Shehata Mohammed A. , Shalaby Mohammed M. , Arafa Mohammed A. , Almetaher Hisham A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Pediatric patients rarely exhibit Baker’s cysts. This study was conducted on 15 cases (9 males, 6 females) presented with Baker (popliteal) cyst in the last 2 years (from September 2017 to September 2019). The mean age was 8.5 years. The aim of this study was to present our experience in management of these cases based on clinical and imaging criteria. Plain x-ray and knee ultrasonography were routinely done for all cases. If the size of the cyst was less than or equal to 3 cm by ultrasonography, with no or minimal pain, the patients were managed conservatively and were scheduled to followed up visits after 3 months, 6 months, and after 12 months for clinical assessment of symptoms and sonographic size of the cyst. Surgical excision of the Baker’s cyst was considered if the size of the cyst was more than 3 cm with persistent of pain.

Results
Seven cases had cysts less than 3 cm by ultrasonography and were managed conservatively. In five out of these seven cases, the cysts disappeared with no recurrence within the first year of follow-up. In two cases, the cysts increased in size with increase in pain. These two cases were subjected to surgical excision after 1 year of follow-up.
The remaining eight cases had cysts more than 3 cm and were managed by surgical excision.
Out of the ten cases which were managed by surgical excision, recurrence occurred in 3 cases within the first post-operative year (after 4 months, 7 months, and 8 months) consecutively.

Conclusions
The management of Baker’s cysts in children is debatable, with no definite protocol. In this current study, we conclude that surgical excision of large Baker’s cysts (more than 3 cm) with persistent symptoms is crucial providing meticulous dissection without rupture of the cyst and proper closure of the pedicle which connects the cyst with the knee joint, while conservative management and follow-up is effective in small Baker’s cysts (less than 3 cm) with no recurrence.
Continuous wavelength tuning from 3.9–12 µm from an optical parametric oscillator based on orientation-patterned GaP grown on GaAs
Authors: Schunemann Peter G. , Johnson Kerr , Farrell Carl , Maidment Luke , Shi Yiwen , Rutkauskas Marius , Reid Derryck T. 
Published: February 2021

We report for the first time nonlinear frequency conversion—specifically optical parametric oscillation—in OP-GaP layers grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy on 3-inch OP-GaAs templates. Continuous tuning with wavelength coverage from 3.9–12 µm was achieved by using stepped and fan-out gratings having periods from 18.0–35.2 µm, which propagated 150 µm of a 1.2-mm-thick layer before overgrowth. Anti-reflection-coated OP-GaP crystals were pumped at 1040 nm with an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser, yielding idler output powers up to 150 mW (60 mW) in spectra centered at a wavelength of 5.6 µm (10.7 µm).
Airborne aerosol olfactory deposition contributes to anosmia in COVID-19
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Jafari Aria , Xiao Roy , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) affects a majority of COVID-19 patients, is atypical in duration and recovery, and is associated with focal opacification and inflammation of the olfactory epithelium. Given recent increased emphasis on airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the purpose of the present study was to experimentally characterize aerosol dispersion within olfactory epithelium (OE) and respiratory epithelium (RE) in human subjects, to determine if small (sub 5μm) airborne aerosols selectively deposit in the OE.

Methods
Healthy adult volunteers inhaled fluorescein-labeled nebulized 0.5–5μm airborne aerosol or atomized larger aerosolized droplets (30–100μm). Particulate deposition in the OE and RE was assessed by blue-light filter modified rigid endoscopic evaluation with subsequent image randomization, processing and quantification by a blinded reviewer.

Results
0.5–5μm airborne aerosol deposition, as assessed by fluorescence gray value, was significantly higher in the OE than the RE bilaterally, with minimal to no deposition observed in the RE (maximum fluorescence: OE 19.5(IQR 22.5), RE 1(IQR 3.2), p<0.001; average fluorescence: OE 2.3(IQR 4.5), RE 0.1(IQR 0.2), p<0.01). Conversely, larger 30–100μm aerosolized droplet deposition was significantly greater in the RE than the OE (maximum fluorescence: OE 13(IQR 14.3), RE 38(IQR 45.5), p<0.01; average fluorescence: OE 1.9(IQR 2.1), RE 5.9(IQR 5.9), p<0.01).

Conclusions
Our data experimentally confirm that despite bypassing the majority of the upper airway, small-sized (0.5–5μm) airborne aerosols differentially deposit in significant concentrations within the olfactory epithelium. This provides a compelling aerodynamic mechanism to explain atypical OD in COVID-19.
Triggers and alleviating factors for fatigue in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lin Iris , Edison Briana , Mantri Sneha , Albert Steven , Daeschler Margaret , Kopil Catherine , Marras Connie , Chahine Lana M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Fatigue is common in Parkinson’s Disease, but few effective treatments are available for it. Exploring triggers and alleviating factors, including effects of exercise, could inform development of management strategies for Parkinson’s Disease fatigue.

Objectives
To examine triggers and alleviating factors for fatigue reported by individuals with Parkinson’s Disease, including perceived effect of exercise.

Methods
A sample of individuals with self-reported Parkinson’s Disease participating in the study Fox Insight were administered an online survey. The survey included the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and multiple-choice questions about triggers and alleviating factors for fatigue.

Results
Among the sample of 1,029 individuals with Parkinson’s disease, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age was 67.4 (9.3) years, 44.0% were female. Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale score ranged from 16–80, mean (SD) 48.8 (16.2). Poor sleep (62.1%) and physical exertion (45.1%) were frequently reported triggers for fatigue. Coping strategies including sitting quietly (58.1%), laying down with or without napping, and exercise (20%). Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly scores were higher in those who reported that exercise alleviated their fatigue (49.7%) compared to those who reported it worsened their fatigue (18.9%) (mean (SD) score 158.5 (88.8) vs 119.8 (66.6) respectively; p<0.001).

Conclusions
Several behavioral and environmental triggers and alleviating strategies for fatigue are reported by individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Many feel that exercise alleviates fatigue, though the relationship between exercise and fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease appears complex. This exploratory study may inform future development of treatments or coping strategies for Parkinson’s disease fatigue.
Prognostic value of integrated cytogenetic, somatic variation, and copy number variation analyses in Korean patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Lee Nuri , Kim Sung-Min , Lee Youngeun , Jeong Dajeong , Yun Jiwon , Ryu Sohee , Yoon Sung-Soo , Ahn Yong-Oon , Hwang Sang Mee , Lee Dong Soon 
Published: February 2021

Background
To investigate the prognostic value of gene variants and copy number variations (CNVs) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), an integrative genomic analysis was performed.

Methods
Sixty-seven patients with NDMM exhibiting more than 60% plasma cells in the bone marrow aspirate were enrolled in the study. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted on bone marrow nucleated cells. Mutation and CNV analyses were performed using the CNVkit and Nexus Copy Number software. In addition, karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization were utilized for the integrated analysis.

Results
Eighty-three driver gene mutations were detected in 63 patients with NDMM. The median number of mutations per patient was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0–3.0, range = 0–8). MAML2 and BHLHE41 mutations were associated with decreased survival. CNVs were detected in 56 patients (72.7%; 56/67). The median number of CNVs per patient was 6.0 (95% CI = 5.7–7.0; range = 0–16). Among the CNVs, 1q gain, 6p gain, 6q loss, 8p loss, and 13q loss were associated with decreased survival. Additionally, 1q gain and 6p gain were independent adverse prognostic factors. Increased numbers of CNVs and driver gene mutations were associated with poor clinical outcomes. Cluster analysis revealed that patients with the highest number of driver mutations along with 1q gain, 6p gain, and 13q loss exhibited the poorest prognosis.

Conclusions
In addition to the known prognostic factors, the integrated analysis of genetic variations and CNVs could contribute to prognostic stratification of patients with NDMM.
Cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – Short Form (SAQ-SF) in Poland
Authors: Malinowska-Lipień Iwona , Brzyski Piotr , Gabryś Teresa , Gniadek Agnieszka , Kózka Maria , Kawalec Paweł , Brzostek Tomasz , Squires Allison 
Published: February 2021

Background
It is essential to provide safe healthcare in complex, difficult, and quickly changing conditions. The quality of healthcare services directly influences the safety of both the patients and staff. Understanding healthcare staff attitudes toward safety in the healthcare delivery context is foundational for building a culture of safety.

Aim of the work
To adapt, via a structured translation methodology, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire–Short Form (SAQ-SF), which assesses how employees of the health care sector perceive the safety climate in their workplace, to the Polish context.

Methods
Using a content validation approach to structure the translation process, we tested and psychometrically analysed the translated SAQ-SF. The sample comprised 322 employees of a district hospital (second referral level, which ensures 24/7 emergency care services) in Poland.

Results
The reliability of the sub-scales of the Polish version of the SAQ-SF ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. The discriminatory power of particular SAQ items ranged between 0.02 and 0.90. For 6 out of the 8 scale dimensions, the questions with the highest factor loadings were those measuring the same dimensions of the safety climate, according to the original scale.

Conclusions
The Polish version of the SAQ-SF (SAQ-SF-PL) meets the criteria of psychometric and functional validation as well as demonstrates good reliability as a measure of patient safety culture in the Polish context. The SAQ-SF-PL is an instrument that enable a valid and reliable assessment of patient safety climate in the Polish healthcare facilities and identify opportunities for improvement. International comparisons will also become easier.