bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humpback whale abundance in Hawai‘i: Temporal trends and response to climatic drivers
Authors: Frankel Adam S. , Gabriele Christine M. , Yin Suzanne , Rickards Susan H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2001, we began long‐term monitoring using scan sampling methodology to study the relative abundance and distribution of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on their Hawaiian breeding grounds. Samples were collected annually (2001–2019) from a shore site overlooking Kawaihae Bay, Hawaiʻi Island. Each sample included the number of whales, pod composition, and position. Whale numbers increased from 2001 to 2015, with increasing variability after 2010. Numbers then declined, including a precipitous 60% drop between 2015 and 2016. Crude birth rate fell from 6.5% in 2015 to 1.1% in 2016. We used generalized additive models, including predictor variables of year, date, observational conditions, and observer, to establish a base model. Climatic indices were individually added to base models, and their contributions were evaluated using Akaike information criteria. Models indicated that whale numbers and crude birth rate fell when climate indices reflected warmer water on high latitude feeding grounds in the North Pacific. Our results show that oceanographic conditions during prior feeding seasons correspond with the reproductive rate and the number of whales in Hawaiʻi. Continued long‐term monitoring of whale populations is essential to documenting and understanding marine ecosystem responses to global climate change.
Efficacy of antitachycardia pacing alert by remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators for out‐of‐hospital electrical storm
Authors: Otsuki Sou , Izumi Daisuke , Sakaguchi Yuta , Suzuki Naomasa , Hakamata Takahiro , Ikami Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Yuki , Yagihara Nobue , Iijima Kenichi , Chinushi Masaomi , Minamino Tohru , Takayuki Inomata 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring (RM) has been shown to reduce all‐cause mortality in patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (ICD/CRT‐D). Not all devices transmit an alert for antitachycardia pacing (ATP) therapy, and it is unknown whether differences of RM alert affect the outcomes of electrical storm (ES).MethodsWe enrolled 42 patients with ICD/CRT‐D whose out‐of‐hospital ES were detected by RM between 2013 and 2020. We divided their 54 episodes into two groups (ATP‐alert‐on; 22, ATP‐alert‐off; 32), and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn 35 of 54 episodes of ES, ventricular tachycardia (VT) could be terminated within 24 h of ES onset just by ATP (ATP‐alert‐on: 14, ATP‐alert‐off: 21); however, many patients subsequently received shock delivery for VT. Among the 35 episodes, only in ATP‐alert‐on group, seven patients were prompted to visit our hospital without ICD shock through confirmation of ES by ATP‐alert. Episodes that led to shock delivery 24 h or longer after the ES onset were significantly less common in the ATP‐alert‐on group (ATP‐alert‐on: 1/14, ATP‐alert‐off: 9/21, p = .03). Although there were no significant differences in the number of shock deliveries between episodes in the two groups, the number of ATP deliveries were significantly fewer in the ATP‐alert‐on group (12[7‐26] vs. 29[16‐53] in ATP‐alert‐off group, p = .03). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the only ATP‐alert significantly reduced ATP deliveries (HR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.04‐0.57, p = .003).ConclusionRemote monitoring with an ATP‐alert function during electrical storm may reduce appropriate ICD therapy through prompting early review.
The AMP‐dependent kinase pathway is upregulated in BAP1 mutant uveal melanoma
Authors: Chua Vivian , Han Anna , Bechtel Nelisa , Purwin Timothy J. , Hunter Emily , Liao Connie , Harbour J. William , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetastatic uveal melanoma (UM) responds poorly to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Loss of BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) via inactivating mutations in the BAP1 gene is associated with UM progression. Thus, molecular alterations caused by BAP1 dysfunction may be novel therapeutic targets for metastatic UM. Here, we found that phosphorylation of AMP‐dependent kinase (AMPK) was elevated in BAP1‐altered (or mutant) compared to BAP1‐unaltered (or wild‐type [WT]) UM tumors. As a readout of AMPK pathway activation, phosphorylation of an AMPK downstream effector, acetyl‐CoA‐carboxylase (ACC), was also elevated. BAP1 re‐expression in BAP1‐null UM cell lines decreased phospho‐AMPK (pAMPK) and phospho‐ACC (pACC) levels. AMPK phosphorylation is mediated by calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) and potentially liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in BAP1 mutant UM cells. Knockdown of AMPKα1/2 reduced the viability of BAP1 mutant UM cells, indicating a survival function of AMPK in BAP1 mutant UM. Our data suggest that the AMPK pathway is an important mechanism mediating the survival of BAP1 mutant UM. Targeting the AMPK pathway may be a novel therapeutic strategy for metastatic UM.
Prevalence of COVID-19 genomic variation in Africa: a living systematic review protocol
Authors: Adjei George , Enuameh Yeetey A. , Thomford Nicholas E. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this living systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of types of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic variations in Africa.

Introduction:
The burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health, well-being, and global economy (especially the fragile economies of African countries) is significant. Profiling the genomic and geographical variations of SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of COVID-19, may be important for future decision-making, policy guidelines, and development of drugs and vaccines. However, little is known about the up-to-date prevalence of genomic and geographical variations of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the African continent.

Inclusion criteria:
This living systematic review will include studies on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic strains and mutations obtained from sequencing data of samples from individuals of all ages and sexes using the next generation sequencing approaches in studies conducted in Africa.

Methods:
The search strategy will be developed to retrieve both published and unpublished data. Published data will be obtained from electronic databases. Unpublished data will be obtained from conference proceedings, preprints, theses/dissertations, electronic search engines, and COVID-19–dedicated websites. Relevant published or unpublished data in the English language from January 2020 will be considered. Studies will be selected based on the inclusion criteria of the review. The selected studies will be critically appraised for methodological quality by two independent reviewers and data extracted from eligible studies. Finally, meta-analysis will be done, if feasible, to pool prevalence estimates after heterogeneity of the data has been analyzed.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020211451
Effect of different levels of stroke volume variation on the endothelial glycocalyx of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Gang , Gao Jie , Chi Menglin , Mao Mengmeng , Shi Yizheng , Ji Zexuan , Fu Qiang , Zhang Hong , Xu Zhipeng 
Published: August 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Massive infusion can destroy the endothelial glycocalyx. We compared the serum concentrations of endothelial glycocalyx components and atrial natriuretic peptide and the outcomes of patients with different levels of stroke volume variation (SVV).
What is the main finding and its importance?
With a decrease in SVV, the serum concentrations of endothelial glycocalyx components and atrial natriuretic peptide increased, whereas the oxygenation index decreased. When the intraoperative SVV was maintained at 7−10%, the patients had better postoperative recovery and shorter postoperative hospital stays. Therefore, it is advisable to maintain the SVV between 7 and 10%.
AbstractDynamic haemodynamic parameters, such as stroke volume variation (SVV), can be used for blood volume monitoring. However, studies have determined the SVV threshold but not the optimal level. The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays an important role in maintaining vascular permeability. Moreover, rapid and massive infusion can lead to the degradation, shedding and destruction of the EG. We aimed to explore the effects of different SVV values (11–14, 7–10 or 3–6%) on the EG in 54 patients who were scheduled for elective colorectal tumour surgery and to identify the optimal peri‐operative fluid therapy strategy. The concentrations of EG degradation products (heparin sulphate, hyaluronic acid and syndecan‐1) and atrial natriuretic peptide were higher when the SVV was maintained between 3 and 6% after fluid therapy compared with pre‐infusion (P < 0.05). Comparison of postoperative complications and hospitalization time among the three SVV levels was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The postoperative hospitalization time in patients with SVV of 7–10% was shorter than that in patients with SVV of 3–6%. Infusion of a large volume of fluid, with increasing EG degeneration and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations, might be related to postoperative outcomes.
Time Domain Study on the Construction Mechanism of Milling Stability Lobe Diagrams With Multiple Modes
Authors: Li Weitao , Wang Liping , Yu Guang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The stability lobe diagram (SLD) is an important expression way of milling stability prediction result. The SLD obtained by only selecting the most flexible mode fails to predict the chatter if the milling process is dominated by multiple modes. To reveal the relationship between the SLD with multiple modes and the SLDs corresponding to each single mode, this paper studies the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes by using the time domain method. First, the milling dynamic model of the tool with multiple modes is established. Then, the numerical method based on the Newton-Cotes rules is used to solve the milling dynamic model with multiple modes whose solution is in the form of the SLD. It shows that the SLD with multiple modes can be approximated by using the lowest envelope of the SLDs corresponding to each single mode. Finally, two study cases are adopted to verify the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes. To verify the correctness of the SLD with multiple modes, a series of milling tests are carried out. The experimental results agree with the simulation results, which means the proposed time domain method can reveal the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes.
The FDTD Analysis of Near-Field Response for Microgroove Structure With Standing Wave Illumination for the Realization of Coherent Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Guan Yizhao , Kume Hiromasa , Kadoya Shotaro , Michihata Masaki , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Microstructures are widely used in the manufacture of functional surfaces. An optical-based super-resolution, non-invasive method is preferred for the inspection of surfaces with massive microstructures. The Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) uses standing-wave illumination to reach optical super-resolution. Recently, coherent SIM is being studied. It can obtain not only the super-resolved intensity distribution but also the phase and amplitude distribution of the sample surface beyond the diffraction limit. By analysis of the phase-depth dependency, the depth measurement for microgroove structures with coherent SIM is expected. FDTD analysis is applied for observing the near-field response of microgroove under the standing-wave illumination. The near-field phase shows depth dependency in this analysis. Moreover, the effects from microgroove width, the incident angle, and the relative position between the standing-wave peak and center of the microgroove are investigated. It is found the near-field phase change can measure depth until 200 nm (aspect ratio 1) with an error of up to 20.4 nm in the case that the microgroove width is smaller than half of the wavelength.
Numerical Study on Tip Shape of Near-Field Optical Fiber Probe for Detecting Electric Field Intensity of Whispering Gallery Mode Resonance
Authors: Liu Yushen , Kadoya Shotaro , Michihata Masaki , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For the measurement of micron-sized components, there are many methods widely used, such as by using CMM, and the size of the probe sphere of CMM is essential for measuring. In order to accurately measure the size of the probe sphere, a method by using Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonance has been proposed. To measure the diameter of the microsphere with this method, the resonance wavelength and the angular mode number of WGM need to be known. The resonance wavelength can be measured by a wavelength meter and the angular mode number can be obtained by using the near-field optical fiber probe to measure the electric field intensity distribution on the surface of the microsphere. The detecting sensitivity of probe on electric field intensity is quite important for angular mode number measuring, which is deeply related to the accuracy of microsphere diameter measurement. In the process of electric field intensity detecting, the sensitivity of the probe can be affected by its shape. Therefore, the effect of probe tip shape on measurement was studied to optimize it. In this study, the effect of probe tip diameter, angle and shape on the measuring of electric field intensity on microsphere surface was investigated.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of SS316L by Micro Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Fu Jin , Qu Shuo , Ding Junhao , Song Xu , Fu Mingwang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, micro selective laser melting (μSLM) system equipped with finer laser beam has been developed to improve additive manufacturing resolution. The microstructures and properties of μSLM produced metals and alloys could be different from those by conventional-size SLM, which warrants further investigation. Moreover, the widely used material, SS316L stainless steel, demonstrates unique cellular structures and excellent combination of strength and ductility after SLM. How the microstructures evolve after heat treatment and affect the mechanical properties remain to be clarified for μSLMed SS316L. In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of μSLMed SS316L was studied. Two heat treatment methods, namely HT650°C-2h and HT950°C-2h, were employed. It is found that the heat treatment has no effect on phase formation, and a preferred grain growth orientation with (110) plane along building direction and a single austenite phase was detected in all samples. Cellular structures were observed in as-printed samples and found to grow up a little bit after HT650°C-2h, but disappear after HT950°C-2h. Besides, more carbides are detected after HT650°C-2h, while they are partially dissolved after HT950°C-2h. For mechanical properties, the as-printed sample shows the best combination of strength and ductility, thanks to the strengthening effects from cellular structures and dislocations. The inferior mechanical properties after heat treatment is attributed to reduction of dislocations and disappearance of cellular structures. In addition, the presence of carbides can significantly reduce the ductility.
Towards a Digital Depot to Support Sustainable Manufacturing During Crisis Response
Authors: Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Morris K. C. , Schoop Julius 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed new challenges to maintaining sustainability in our manufacturing operations. With such high variability in demand for urgently needed products (e.g., personal protective equipment, testing technologies) and shifts in the needed capabilities of already complex production systems, sustainability challenges concerning waste management, life cycle impact characterization, and production operations have come to light. An extensive amount of data can be extracted from manufacturing systems, but it is not yet being used to improve the performance of production systems and maintain sustainability strategies during times of distress. This article proposes the concept of a Digital Depot. Being virtual in nature, the depot can contain plans and data for many different types of crises and contain a wider array of products than would be available in a physical, national stockpile. The information could be made available on demand to a national base of manufacturers to help them swiftly pivot to the production of critically needed goods while building on their existing manufacturing capabilities. The contents of the Digital Depot would be applicable to several stages pertinent to manufacturing operations including product definition, production planning information, asset and factory-level data, as well as data concerning the supply chain, distribution, and end-of-life stages. Future work is recommended in the development of templates for robust and secure data sharing, as well as multi-disciplinary identification of businesses cases for data-driven collaborative and sustainable manufacturing practices enabled by the Digital Depot.
Anisotropic Material Behaviors of 3D Printed Carbon-Fiber Polymer Composites With Open-Source Printers
Authors: Garcia Jordan , Harper Robert , Lu Y. Charles 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Composite products are often created using traditional manufacturing methods such as compression or injection molding. Recently, additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques have been used for fabricating composites. 3D printing is the process of producing three-dimensional parts through the successive combination of various layers of material. This layering effect in combination with exposure to ambient (or reduced) temperature and pressure cause the finished products to have inconsistent microstructures. The inconsistent microstructures along with the oriented reinforcing fibers create anisotropic parts with difficulty to predict mechanical properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer composites produced by additive manufacturing technique (3D printing) and by traditional manufacturing technique (compression molding) were investigated. Three open-source 3D printers, i.e. FlashForge Dreamer, Tevo Tornado, and Prusa i3 Mk3, were used to fabricate bending samples from carbon-fiber reinforced ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Results showed that there exist significant discrepancies and anisotropies in mechanical properties of 3D printed composites. First, the properties vary greatly among parts made from different printers. Secondly, the mechanical responses of 3D printed parts strongly depend upon the orientations of the filaments. Parts with the infill oriented along the length of the specimens showed the most favorable mechanical responses such as Young’s modulus, maximum strength, and toughness. Thirdly, all 3D printed parts exhibit inferior properties to those made by conventional manufacturing. Finally, theoretical modeling has been attempted to predict the mechanical responses of 3D printed products and can potentially be used to “design” the 3D printing processes to achieve the optimal performance.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of Droplet Generation in Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing for Prediction of Printing Quality
Authors: Jiang Liangkui , Premaratne Pavithra , Huang Yanhua , Zhang Zhan , Qin Hantang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Inkjet printing is one type of micro/nano scale additive manufacturing technique. The droplet generation mechanism plays an important role in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing due to its significant effects on process control, printing quality, and printing performance. The large variation of printing system design used in EHD printing and the limited process optimization techniques resulted in a complex experimental procedure to determine a working condition, and it takes a long time to finish such experiments. It is also challenging to understand the droplet generation mechanism’s fluid dynamics under a multiphysical field in EHD printing. The development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the recent advancements in high performance computing can be utilized to alleviate the aforementioned challenges. In this study, a numerical simulation model was developed to model the droplet generation mechanism in EHD printing based on Taylor-Melchar leaky-dielectric model. This model successfully simulated a single printing cycle, including Taylor cone formation, cone-jet generation, jet break, and jet retraction. A further simulation study demonstrated accurate predictions of the droplet volume and the jetting diameter under different working conditions (e.g., voltages and duty ratio of pulsed AC voltage). Experiments validated the simulation model and its prediction results. Such advancement in modeling can be used to optimize the printing process as well as guide the quick selection of printing conditions given a new ink.
Prediction of Cutting Force in Bone Cutting Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Prasannavenkadesan Varatharajan , Pandithevan Ponnusamy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In orthopedic surgery, bone cutting is an indispensable procedure followed by the surgeons to treat the fractured and fragmented bones. Because of the unsuitable parameter values used in the cutting processes, micro crack, fragmentation, and thermal osteonecrosis of bone are observed. Therefore, prediction of suitable cutting force is essential to subtract the bone without any adverse effect. In this study, the Cowper-Symonds model for bovine bone was developed for the first time. Then the developed model was coupled with the finite element analysis to predict the cutting force. To determine the model constants, tensile tests with different strain rates (10−5/s, 10−4/s, 10−3/s, and 1/s) were conducted on the cortical bone specimens. The developed material model was implemented in the bone cutting simulation and validated with the experiments.
Pneumatic Microextrusion-Based Additive Biofabrication of Polycaprolactone Bone Scaffolds: Part II – Investigation of the Influence of Polymer Flow Parameters
Authors: Yu Mohan , Lawrence Logan , Claudio Pier Paolo , Day James B. , Salary Roozbeh (Ross) 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pneumatic micro-extrusion (PME), a direct-write additive manufacturing process, has emerged as a high-resolution method for the fabrication of a broad range of biological tissues and organs. However, the PME process is intrinsically complex, governed by complex physical phenomena. Hence, investigation of the effects of consequential parameters would be an inevitable need. The goal of this research work is to fabricate biocompatible, porous bone tissue scaffolds for the treatment of osseous fractures, defects, and eventually diseases. In pursuit of this goal, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of material deposition factors — i.e., (i) deposition head temperature, (ii) flow pressure, and (iii) infill pattern — on the mechanical performance of PME-fabricated bone scaffolds.
It was observed that the deposition head temperature as well as the flow pressure significantly affected scaffold diameter (unlike scaffold height). In addition, material deposition rate increased significantly as a result of an increase in the deposition temperature; this phenomenon stems from a reduction in Polycaprolactone (PCL) viscosity. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between the amount of deposited mass and scaffold stiffness. Overall, the results of this study pave the way for future investigation of PME-deposited PCL scaffolds with optimal functional properties for incorporation of stem cells toward the treatment of osseous fractures and defects.