bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of ammonium nonanoate and an essential oil herbicide on weed control efficacy and water use efficiency of pumpkin
Authors: Parkash Ved , Saini Rupinder , Singh Manpreet , Singh Sukhbir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWeed management is one of the major challenges responsible for growers’ reluctance to switch from conventional to organic vegetable production. Competition from uncontrolled weeds can significantly reduce the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of vegetable crops. A field study was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the Quaker Research Farm of Texas Tech University, in Lubbock, TX, to determine physiology, plant growth, yield, soil water depletion pattern, and WUE of pumpkin as affected by five weed control treatments: 1) ammonium nonanoate 5% ai, 2) ammonium nonanoate 6% ai, 3) clove oil + cinnamon oil 4.5% ai, 4) clove oil + cinnamon oil 9% ai, and 5) an untreated control. Each plot received the same herbicide treatment at 20 and 30 d after planting (DAP). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of each treatment. Both herbicides resulted in significant weed suppression compared to the untreated control and weed control was 88% to 98% with ammonium nonanoate and 39% to 69% with clove oil + cinnamon oil. Photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, shoot dry biomass, average fruit weight, total fruit yield, and WUE of pumpkin were significantly higher in plants that were treated with ammonium nonanoate compared to the untreated control. All the aforementioned parameters were not significantly different between clove oil + cinnamon oil and the untreated control. Use of higher active ingredient concentration did not improve the performance of either herbicide. Soil water depletion and evapotranspiration were comparable among all the treatments. Based on the results, ammonium nonanoate at its lower concentration could be an option for effective weed control, and for improving fruit yield and WUE of pumpkin.
Extending the critical period for weed control model to better include weed succession using common sunflower as a mimic weed in high-yielding cotton
Authors: Charles Graham W. , Taylor Ian N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The critical period for weed control (CPWC) adds value to integrated weed management by identifying the period during which weeds need to be controlled to avoid yield losses exceeding a defined threshold. However, the traditional application of the CPWC does not identify the timing of control needed for weeds that emerge late in the critical period. In this study, CPWC models were developed from field data in high-yielding cotton crops during three summer seasons from 2005 to 2008, using the mimic weed, common sunflower, at densities of two to 20 plants per square meter. Common sunflower plants were introduced at up to 450 growing degree days (GDD) after crop planting and removed at successive 200 GDD intervals after introduction. The CPWC models were described using extended Gompertz and logistic functions that included weed density, time of weed introduction, and time of weed removal (logistic function only) in the relationships. The resulting models defined the CPWC for late-emerging weeds, identifying a period after weed emergence before weed control was required to prevent yield loss exceeding the yield-loss threshold. When weeds emerged in sufficient numbers toward the end of the critical period, the model predicted that crop yield loss resulting from competition by these weeds would not exceed the yield-loss threshold until well after the end of the CPWC. These findings support the traditional practice of ensuring weeds are controlled before crop canopy closure, with later weed control inputs used as required.
Physics of Viscous Bridges in Soil Biological Hotspots
Authors: Benard P. , Schepers J. R. , Crosta M. , Zarebanadkouki M. , Carminati A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlant roots and bacteria alter the soil physical properties by releasing polymeric blends into the soil pore space (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances and mucilage). The physical mechanisms by which these substances interact with the soil matrix and alter the spatial configuration of the liquid phase and the related hydraulic properties remain unclear. Here, we propose a theory to explain how polymer solutions form one‐dimensional filaments and two‐dimensional interconnected structures spanning across multiple pores. Unlike water, primarily shaped by surface tension, these polymeric structures remain connected during drying due to their high viscosity. The integrity of one‐dimensional structures is explained by the interplay of viscosity and surface tension forces (elegantly characterized by the Ohnesorge number), while the formation of two‐dimensional structures requires consideration of the interaction of the polymer solution with the solid surfaces and external drivers (e.g., drying rate). During drying, the viscosity of the liquid phase increases and at a critical point, when the friction between polymers and solid surfaces overcomes the water absorption of the polymers, the concentration of the polymer solution at the gas‐liquid interface increases asymptotically. At this critical point, polymers are deposited as two‐dimensional surfaces, such as hollow cylinders or interconnected surfaces. A model is introduced to predict the formation of such structures. Viscosity of the soil solution, specific soil surface, and drying rate are the key parameters determining the transition from one‐to two‐dimensional structures. Model results are in good agreement with observed structures formed in porous media during drying.
BCAR3 promotes head and neck cancer growth and is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Zhang Ze , Wang Yafei , Wang Yun , Wang Chunli , Shuai Yanjie , Luo Jingtao , Liu Ruoyan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 (BCAR3) is involved in anti-estrogen resistance and other important aspects of breast cancer. However, the role of BCAR3 in other solid tumors remains unclear. The relationship between the clinicopathologic characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and BCAR3 was analyzed using the Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test and logistic regression. The association between BCAR3 expression and clinicopathologic features and survival was analyzed using Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method. In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to validate the effect of BCAR3 on HNSCC growth. BCAR3-related mRNAs were determined by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to predict the potential functions of BCAR3. BCAR3 expression is overexpressed in HNSCC and was shown to be associated with perineural invasion (PNI) and poor survival. BCAR3 silencing significantly attenuated the proliferation of HNSCC cells, whereas BCAR3 depletion inhibited tumor growth in vitro. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses, and GSEA showed that BCAR3 expression in HNSCC was associated with biological processes, such as cell adhesion, actin binding, cadherin binding, and angiogenesis. BCAR3, which promotes HNSCC growth, is associated with perineural invasion and may be a potential molecular prognostic marker of poor survival in HNSCC.
Dataset of concurrent EEG, ECG, and behavior with multiple doses of transcranial electrical stimulation
Authors: Gebodh Nigel , Esmaeilpour Zeinab , Datta Abhishek , Bikson Marom 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a dataset combining human-participant high-density electroencephalography (EEG) with physiological and continuous behavioral metrics during transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Data include within participant application of nine High-Definition tES (HD-tES) types, targeting three cortical regions (frontal, motor, parietal) with three stimulation waveforms (DC, 5 Hz, 30 Hz); more than 783 total stimulation trials over 62 sessions with EEG, physiological (ECG, EOG), and continuous behavioral vigilance/alertness metrics. Experiment 1 and 2 consisted of participants performing a continuous vigilance/alertness task over three 70-minute and two 70.5-minute sessions, respectively. Demographic data were collected, as well as self-reported wellness questionnaires before and after each session. Participants received all 9 stimulation types in Experiment 1, with each session including three stimulation types, with 4 trials per type. Participants received two stimulation types in Experiment 2, with 20 trials of a given stimulation type per session. Within-participant reliability was tested by repeating select sessions. This unique dataset supports a range of hypothesis testing including interactions of tDCS/tACS location and frequency, brain-state, physiology, fatigue, and cognitive performance.
Identifying the Core Vocabulary for Adults With Complex Communication Needs From the British National Corpus by Analyzing Grouped Frequency Distributions
Authors: Shin Sangeun , Park HyunJu , Hill Katya 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study is aimed to identify the high-frequency vocabulary (HFV), otherwise termed “core vocabulary” for adults with complex communication needs.

Method

Three major characteristics of the HFV—a relatively small number of different words (NDW), a relatively high word frequency, and a high word commonality across speakers—were examined so as not to lose any candidate words for the HFV. Specifically, instead of applying the traditionally used cutoff word frequency of 0.5‰, a grouped frequency distribution was used to examine the appropriate frequency ranges to determine the HFV candidates. To improve the representativeness of the HFV across ages, social backgrounds, conversation situations, and topics, 330,000 spoken words of 66 adults (29 men and 37 women;
M
age
= 45.47 years,
SD
= 16.07) were extracted from the British National Corpus database for analysis.

Results
A distinct pattern of NDW was observed from the frequency of 0.1‰ in the grouped frequency distribution. In total, 671 words were found to be candidates for the HFV, accounting for 90.94% of the total sample words. After the word commonality analysis indicated at least 80% commonality across speakers, 203 words were selected for the final HFV; accountability was calculated at 80.62%.

Conclusions
With the innovative word analysis approach, this study provided an HFV list that can be used for a wide range of conversation topics. This method provides a scientific and principled approach to identifying and organizing vocabulary for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention that does not exist in many AAC resources that promote “core vocabulary” with identifying the source for vocabulary selection.
Prospektive Untersuchung der mittelfristigen Ergebnisse nach autologer Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke
Authors: Meyer-Marcotty Max V. , Batsilas Ioannis , Fischer Hubert , Dahmann Sonja , Happe Caroline , Herold Christian 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Prospektive Untersuchung der mittelfristigen Ergebnisse nach autologer Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke.
Patienten und Methoden 23 von 27 Patienten (22 Frauen und 5 Männer) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 59,8 (49–83) Jahren, bei denen bei einer Rhizarthrose eine autologe Fetttransplantation in das Sattelgelenk erfolgte, konnten durchschnittlich nach 45,3 (39,3–50,9) Monaten nachuntersucht werden. 4 Patienten wurden bei zwischenzeitlich erfolgter Trapezektomie von der Nachuntersuchung ausgeschlossen. Erfasst wurden das Schmerzniveau (VAS), die Grob- und die Pinchkraft und der DASH-Score.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Pinchkraft verbesserte sich von präoperativ 3,7 kg auf 5,1 kg (p = 0,052). Die durchschnittliche Grobkraft von 22,2 kg auf 22,8 kg (p = 0,506). Der DASH-Score verbesserte sich hochsignifikant von präoperativ 50,8 Punkte auf 29,6 Punkte postoperativ (p = 0,000). Das durchschnittliche Schmerzniveau sank hochsignifikant von präoperativ 5,9 auf 1,9 (p = 0,000). Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Sattelgelenksarthrose erzielten ähnlich gute Ergebnisse wie Patienten mit einer Arthrose im Anfangsstadium.
Schlussfolgerung Die autologe Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke zeigt auch im mittelfristigen Verlauf gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse, Pinchkraft, Schmerzniveau und DASH-Score betreffend und ist eine sichere, minimalinvasive vielversprechende Therapiealternative zu den herkömmlichen Operationsverfahren.
Management der nicht dialysepflichtigen chronischen Niereninsuffizienz aus hausärztlicher Sicht – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Haase Annekathrin , Stracke Sylvia , Chenot Jean-François , Weckmann Gesine 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) ist eine häufige Diagnose im höheren Alter, meistens bedingt durch die Grunderkrankungen Diabetes mellitus und arterielle Hypertonie. Sie verläuft lange asymptomatisch und nur ein geringer Patiententeil wird im Verlauf eine terminale Niereninsuffizienz entwickeln und eine Nierenersatztherapie benötigen. Betroffene werden primär von Hausärzten behandelt.
Ziel Ziel der Studie war es, das Management von Patienten mit einer nicht dialysepflichtigen chronischen Niereninsuffizienz aus Sicht von Hausärzten zu untersuchen.
Methoden Es wurden 5 Gruppendiskussionen mit jeweils maximal 5 Hausärzten (n = 22) durchgeführt. Das Material wurde aufgenommen und transkribiert, um inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet zu werden.
Ergebnisse Als wichtigste Behandlungsmaßnahmen bei der CKD wurden die Optimierung der Grunderkrankungen, die Medikamentenanpassung und die Überweisung an einen Nephrologen genannt. Die Hausärzte betonten, beim Management die Individualität ihrer CKD-Patienten zu berücksichtigen. Allerdings gibt es Themenbereiche, bei denen die Zusammenarbeit als nicht positiv betrachtet wird, beispielsweise bei palliativen Patienten oder der häufigen Wiedervorstellung bei älteren Patienten. Bei den meisten älteren und multimorbiden Patienten mit einer oft eingeschränkten Lebenserwartung müssen Hausärzte individuell entscheiden, für welche Patienten eine Überweisung zum Nephrologen am ehesten nützlich ist.
Diskussion Die befragten Hausärzte berichteten, dass sie ihre Entscheidungen zum Management von CKD auf individuelle Patientenfaktoren, wie beispielsweise ein höheres Patientenalter oder Multimorbidität, basierten.
Silicon Resorption from Equisetum arvense Tea – A Randomized, Three-Armed Pilot Study
Authors: Winker Moritz , Zimmermann-Klemd Amy Marisa , Devi Seema , Waterstradt Aljoscha , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Huber Roman , Gründemann Carsten 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Equisetum arvense tea (TEA) contains high concentrations of silicon and has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. We examined the resorption of silicon after TEA consumption. Safety and immunological effects were secondary outcomes. A monocentric, randomized, three-armed pilot study was conducted with 12 voluntary, healthy, male subjects. The study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00016628). After a low silicon diet for 36 hours, 1000 mL TEA1 with approximately 200 000 µg silicon/L, TEA2 with approximately 750 000 µg silicon/L, or Si-low-Water (approximately 10 – 10 000 µg silicon/L as a control) were ingested on three consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, day 1 examining silicon kinetics, day 3 examining silicon accumulation, and day 8 (safety, immunological parameters). Si-low-Water intake did not change silicon serum (Cmax 294 µg/L) or urine
(19 000 µg/24 h) concentrations compared to baseline. Cmax was 2855 µg/L for TEA1 and 2498 µg/L for TEA2; tmax was 60 and 120 min, respectively. Silicon accumulation did not occur. Urine silica within 24 h (E24 h) was higher after TEA2 compared to TEA1 ingestion (142 000 vs. 109 000 µg/24 h). Serum silicon levels at t = 120 min differed significantly after intake of TEA2 or intake of Si-low-Water (p = 0.029). The immunological parameters did not show any significant changes indicating immunosuppressive effects in volunteers. TEA1 was well tolerated, while TEA2 caused diarrhoea in 4 subjects. Our investigations show that intake of TEA1 leads to significant rise in serum silicon concentration.
Rauchen in Filmen: Stand der Umsetzung der WHO-Empfehlungen zum Jugendschutz
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Neumann Clemens , Wolff Lena , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Um die Exposition Jugendlicher mit Rauchszenen in Filmen zu verringern, hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation dazu aufgerufen, Filme mit Rauchszenen als ungeeignet für Jugendliche einzustufen.
Ziel Prüfung der Frage, ob diese Empfehlung in Deutschland und den USA umgesetzt wird, durch einen Vergleich der Altersfreigaben von Filmen mit und ohne Rauchszenen in beiden Ländern.
Methode Auswahlkriterium für die Filme war das Einspielergebnis in deutschen Kinos im Jahr 2019. Inhaltsanalysiert wurden die 50 erfolgreichsten US-Produktionen und die 50 erfolgreichsten Produktionen aus Deutschland. Es wurde betrachtet, (1) wie hoch der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen in diesen beiden Filmstichproben war und (2) wie hoch der Anteil der Filme mit Rauchszenen war, die als für Jugendliche geeignet eingestuft wurden. Als für Kinder und Jugendliche geeignet wurden alle Filme angesehen, deren Altersfreigabe unter 16 Jahren lag.
Ergebnisse Rauchfrei waren insgesamt 52 der 100 Filme. Bei den US-Produktionen lag die Quote bei 64 %, im Vergleich zu 40 % bei den deutschen Produktionen (p = 0,016). Nach dem deutschen Ratingsystem der FSK handelte es bei 87 % um jugendgeeignete Filme. Der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen lag insgesamt bei Filmen mit Jugendeignung höher als bei Filmen ohne Jugendeignung (56 % vs. 23 %; p = 0,025). Von den 48 Filmen, in den geraucht wurde, stufte die FSK 38 Filme (79 %) als für Jugendliche geeignet ein. Im Hinblick auf die Jugendfreigabe für Filme mit Rauchszenen zeigte sich bei den Top-50 US-Produktionen kein Unterschied zwischen der MPAA- und der FSK-Einschätzung.
Schlussfolgerungen Weder die USA noch Deutschland haben die Empfehlung der Weltgesundheitsorganisation, Jugendliche vor Rauchszenen in Filmen zu schützen, zufriedenstellend umgesetzt. In Deutschland werden Filme mit Rauchszenen überwiegend jugendfrei eingestuft.
From Research to Clinical Practice: Long-Term Impact of Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effect of Lumbar Drains on Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rates Following Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Lavigne Philippe , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are associated with increased risk of postoperative CSF leaks despite multilayered reconstruction with vascularized tissue. A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the use of perioperative lumbar drains (LD) in high-risk skull base defects identified a significant reduction in postoperative CSF leak incidence (21.2 vs. 8.2%; p = 0.017). This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the selective use of CSF diversion, for patients with intraoperative CSF leaks involving endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base.
Method Consecutive endoscopic endonasal surgeries of the skull base from a pre-RCT cohort and post-RCT cohort were compared. The following case characteristics between the two cohorts were examined: patient age, body mass index (BMI), rate of revision surgery, tumor histology, use of CSF diversion, and vascularized reconstruction. The primary measured outcome was postoperative CSF leak.
Results The pre-RCT cohort included 76 patients and the post-RCT cohort included 77 patients, with dural defects in either the anterior or posterior cranial fossa (pituitary and parasellar/suprasellar surgeries excluded). There was a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative CSF leak in the post-RCT cohort (27.6 vs. 12.9%; p = 0.04). On subgroup analysis, there was a trend toward improvement in CSF leak rate of the anterior cranial fossa (19.2 vs. 10.5%; p = 0.27), whereas CSF leak rates of the posterior cranial fossa were significantly reduced compared with the pre-RCT cohort (41.4 vs. 12.8%; p = 0.02).
Conclusion This study demonstrates that the integration of selective CSF diversion into the reconstructive algorithm improved postoperative CSF leak rates.
Acute Ligament Injuries of the Elbow
Authors: Edelmuth Diogo Guilherme Leão , Helito Paulo Victor Partezani , Correa Marcos Felippe de Paula , Bordalo-Rodrigues Marcelo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUlnar collateral, radial collateral, lateral ulnar collateral, and annular ligaments can be injured in an acute trauma, such as valgus stress in athletes and elbow dislocation. Recognizing normal anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography studies is important to identify ligamentous abnormalities in these imaging modalities.
Improving Projection of the Nasal Tip in Primary Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Authors: Pastorek Norman , Cleveland Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGaining, improving, and maintaining nasal tip projection is one of the most essential elements of successful endonasal rhinoplasty. For years the hallmark of inadequate nasal tip projection following rhinoplasty has been the Polly beak deformity. Early rhinoplasty technique consisted of intracartilaginous excision of the cephalic margin of the lower lateral cartilages, cartilage and bony hump reduction, and osteotomies. Some of these simple rhinoplasties still look good decades later, however, many are conspicuous in their lack of nasal tip projection. The reason for this inconsistency in rhinoplasty results was the surgeon's inattention to the structural integrity and anatomical position of the LLC. The senior author uses a combination of suture, strut, and cartilage grafting techniques to achieve ideal projection in a manor tailored to each patient's unique anatomic needs.