bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional correlation of the Lesser Himalayan and Tethyan basin sediments of Kali valley, Indo-Nepal area
Authors: Tewari V. C. 
Published: April 2021

The Uttarakhand Lesser Himalaya of India (Kumaon-Garhwal basins) is the most important central sector of the Himalayan arc between Kali River, Nepal in the east and Tons River, Himachal in the west. The Lesser Himalayan sedimentary belts are bound by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in the south and Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the north in Indo-Nepal border across the Kali River. The revised biostratigraphy, carbon isotope and event stratigraphy has established a Mesoproterozoic age for the Deoban belt and Lower Cambrian age for the Krol-Tai belt in the Indian part. Identical sedimentary facies and stromatolites are found in western Nepal across the Kali River (Kali-Gandaki Group) and is in fact the extension of the Indian Lesser Himalaya (Deoban-Tejam belt) into western Nepal.
The Tethyan sedimentary zone is separated from the Central Crystallines in the north of the Lesser Himalaya of Indo-Nepal region by Tethyan Thrust/Malari Thrust/frans-Himadri Thrust. Recent fossil finds, sedimentological and carbon isotopic signatures from Ralam, Garbyang, Shiala and Yong formations indicate continuous sedimentation from Terminal Proterozoic to Silurian period. The Precambrian/ Cambrian boundary is tentatively placed within the Garbyang Formation. A detailed correlation of the Lesser and Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary belts of the lndo-Nepal border region across the Kali River is attempted and discussed in this paper.
Geology and tectonics of the Central Crystallines of northeastern Kumaun Himalaya, India
Authors: Paul S. K. 
Published: April 2021

Four major geo-tectonic domains are encountered in the northeastern Kurnaun Himalaya between the Ramganga and Kali rivers. These tectonic domains are: (1) Sedimentary Terrain of the south, (2) Lower Central Crystallines, (3) Upper Central Crystallines, and (4) Tethyan Supergroup in the north. The Sedimentary Terrain comprises of the Berinag, Damtha and Tejam groups. The Lower Central Crystallinel are divided into Rungling and Munsiari formations, separated by a thin lensoidal wedge of sedimentary sequence of the Sirdang Sedimentary Zone, which is the continuation of the Nawakot Complex in western Nepal. The rocks of the Nawakot Complex wrap around the Chhiplakot Crystallines of the Munsiari Formation in Nepal and join with the Berinag Formation in northeastern Kumaun region. The Munsiari Formation has been divided into Phalyati, Baram, Chhiplakot and Khet members.The Upper Central Crystallines are represented by the rocks of the Vaikrita Group, and form the basement for the Tethyan sedimentary sequence. The Vaikrita Group is divided into four formations namely Joshimath, Pandukeshwar, Pindari and Martoli. The Joshimath Formation is further subdivided into Dar and Sela members whereas the Martoli Formation is subdivided into Budhi Schist and Dugtu members.
The southern contact of the Munsiari Formation with the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequence forms a tectonic boundary designated as the Munsiari Thrust or MCT I. The southern contact of the Rungling Formation with the rocks of the Sirdang Sedimentary Zone forms another tectonic boundary designated as the Rungling Thrust or MCT II. The Munsiari Thrust (MCT I) has been interpreted to terminate near Chainpur in western Nepal at its branch point. The contact between the Upper Central Crystallines and the Lower Central Crystallines is designated as the Vaikrita Thrust or Main Central Thrust (MCT). The quartzite of the Berinag Formation exposed in the Sirdang Sedimentary Zone thrust over the Munsiari Formation along the Pangla Thrust. The northern part of the Martoli Formation of the Vaikrita Group is characterised by concordant relationship with the Ralam Conglomerate and also the Garbayang Formation of the Tethyan Super Group. Either side of this contact zone is characterised by a series of minor southward thrusts and associated shear planes, which are subsequently cut by a series of normal faults and related shear planes exhibiting down to the NE oblique slip displacement. The shear zone containing contractional and superposed extensional structures at the northern portion of the Vaikrita Group and at the basal part of the Tethyan Supergroup is designated as Tethyan Shear Zone.
Modified tension infiltrometer and its use to determine the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of upper vadose zone
Authors: Sattar Golam Shabbir 
Published: April 2021

A modification of the CSIRO type tension infiltrometer was designed (designated UNCEL type) and tested. This infiltrometer is considerably cheaper, but more versatile, than any other infiltrometer reported so far. The modified infiltrometer was used in a reconstructed vadose zone to measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and effect of compaction associated with the upper vadose zone.
Hydraulic conductivity, a function of matric potential, is a fundamental property for water entry into the soil as well as in the upper vadose zone. Tension infiltrometer technique for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, which is also a function of soil water pressure head, was compared with the existing techniques. The analysis of data from tension infiltrometer is based mainly on flow rate at steady-state condition. The steady-state measurement also enables to determine unknown parameters on the basis of at least two negative heads at the same location. This modified infiltrometer imposes pressure potentials at soil surface from 0.01 to 0.15 m of water, as a result macropores with an air entry value of less than applied tension are excluded. This is practically useful when investigating the influence of structure and compaction of upper vadose zone.
Measurement of infiltration at various negative pressure head, with a single disc diameter allowed sensitive measurement of hydraulic properties of upper vadose zone with minimal surface disturbance. The newly designed tension infiltrometer and adopted schemes of calculation enable to determine unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of upper vadose zone with relevance to structural effects more accurately.
Optimisation of aquifer parameters: a case study from Bheri Terai area, mid western Nepal
Authors: Kunwor Moti Bahadur 
Published: April 2021

For the study of groundwater potential in any area, it is necessary to determine aquifer parameters as correctly as possible. The most effectively and popularly used tools in the field by groundwater geologists and engineers till today is old conventional curve techniques. A new approach is given to refine the aquifer characteristics by computer-assisted numerical techniques.
The computer-assisted techniques were used in the Bheri Terai area (Banke/Bardiya), mid western Nepal with an objective of studying the aquifer parameters more accurately with reference to the prevailing hydrogeological condition. Keeping in view of the nature and types of aquifer, an optimisation based model developed by Jageshwar (1985) has been adopted for estimation of aquifer parameters. The aquifer parameters in the study area have been evaluated by using both curve procedure and computer assisted numerical techniques. Parameters are optimised by minimisation of sum of the square of residues between computed and observed drawdown. The starting values of parameter for optimisation were generally assigned as per the available graphical procedures. The applicability of the model to the field data has been demonstrated by using the existing test pumping data of Bheri Terai area (GWRDB, 1979). The purposed model for the analysis of test pumping data yields significantly better reproduction of time drawdowns. The results of analysis of test pumping data indicate confined and leaky confined nature of deep aquifer. Majority of leaky aquifers show a declining nature of piezometric head in the overlying aquifer while, some of the confined aquifer shows finite nature in areal extent due to the presence of barrier boundary (most probably impervious clay?).
Pengaruh Pemberian Antibiotik Terhadap Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Eksplan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Secara In Vitro
Authors: Bin Abd Jabbar Firmansyah , Ardiansyah  , Darsiani  
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan dosis antibiotik pada media kultur jaringan terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan rumput laut K. alvarezii secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 bulan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah bibit rumput laut jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii yang diperoleh dari perairan Kabupaten Pangkep. Bibit yang digunakan adalah bibit segar, muda, memiliki percabangan yang banyak dan sehat. Media kultur adalah media cair conwy dengan campuran vitamin mix dengan perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi antibiotik yang berbeda. Wadah percobaan adalah botol kultur dengan volume 200 ml sebanyak 15 buah. Parameter yang diamati sintasan, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) dan 5 perlakuan sebanyak 3 ulangan. One way ANOVA digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sintasan dan pertumbuhan panjang tunas serta jumlah tunas tertinggi adalah pada perlakuan antibiotik 10 ppm. Sintasan eksplan rumput laut mencapai 56.6%, rata-rata jumlah tunas mencapai 6, rata-rata panjang tunas mencapai 1.86 mm. sedangkan perlakuan sintasan untuk perlakuan 12 ppm hanya 30%, dengan jumlah tunas mencapai 5.4 serta panjang tunas 1.79.
Late-week surgery and discharge to specialty care associated with higher costs and longer lengths of stay after elective lumbar laminectomy
Authors: Salas-Vega Sebastian , Chakravarthy Vikram B. , Winkelman Robert D. , Grabowski Matthew M. , Habboub Ghaith , Savage Jason W. , Steinmetz Michael P. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
In a healthcare landscape in which costs increasingly matter, the authors sought to distinguish among the clinical and nonclinical drivers of patient length of stay (LOS) in the hospital following elective lumbar laminectomy—a common spinal surgery that may be reimbursed using bundled payments—and to understand their relationships with patient outcomes and costs.

METHODS
Patients ≥ 18 years of age undergoing laminectomy surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis within the Cleveland Clinic health system between March 1, 2016, and February 1, 2019, were included in this analysis. Generalized linear modeling was used to assess the relationships between the day of surgery, patient discharge disposition, and hospital LOS, while adjusting for underlying patient health risks and other nonclinical factors, including the hospital surgery site and health insurance.

RESULTS
A total of 1359 eligible patients were included in the authors’ analysis. The mean LOS ranged between 2.01 and 2.47 days for Monday and Friday cases, respectively. The LOS was also notably longer for patients who were ultimately discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) or rehabilitation center. A prolonged LOS occurring later in the week was not associated with greater underlying health risks, yet it nevertheless resulted in greater costs of care: the average total surgical costs for lumbar laminectomy were 20% greater for Friday cases than for Monday cases, and 24% greater for late-week cases than for early-week cases ultimately transferred to SNFs or rehabilitation centers. A Poisson generalized linear model fit the data best and showed that the comorbidity burden, surgery at a tertiary care center versus a community hospital, and the incidence of any postoperative complication were associated with significantly longer hospital stays. Discharge to home healthcare, SNFs, or rehabilitation centers, and late-week surgery were significant nonclinical predictors of LOS prolongation, even after adjusting for underlying patient health risks and insurance, with LOSs that were, for instance, 1.55 and 1.61 times longer for patients undergoing their procedure on Thursday and Friday compared to Monday, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Late-week surgeries are associated with a prolonged LOS, particularly when discharge is to an SNF or rehabilitation center. These findings point to opportunities to lower costs and improve outcomes associated with elective surgical care. Interventions to optimize surgical scheduling and perioperative care coordination could help reduce prolonged LOSs, lower costs, and, ultimately, give service line management personnel greater flexibility over how to use existing resources as they remain ahead of healthcare reforms.
Patterns of median nerve branching in the cubital fossa: implications for nerve transfers to restore motor function in a paralyzed upper limb
Authors: Bertelli Jayme A. , Patel Neehar , Soldado Francisco , Duarte Elisa Cristiana Winkelmann 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy of donor and recipient median nerve motor branches for nerve transfer surgery within the cubital fossa.

METHODS
Bilateral upper limbs of 10 fresh cadavers were dissected after dyed latex was injected into the axillary artery.

RESULTS
In the cubital fossa, the first branch was always the proximal branch of the pronator teres (PPT), whereas the last one was the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and the distal motor branch of the flexor digitorum superficialis (DFDS) on a consistent basis. The PT muscle was also innervated by a distal branch (DPT), which emerged from the anterior side of the median nerve and provided innervation to its deep head. The palmaris longus (PL) motor branch was always the second branch after the PPT, emerging as a single branch together with the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) or the proximal branch of the flexor digitorum superficialis. The FCR motor branch was prone to variations. It originated proximally with the PL branch (35%) or distally with the AIN (35%), and less frequently from the DPT. In 40% of dissections, the FDS was innervated by a single branch (i.e., the DFDS) originating close to the AIN. In 60% of cases, a proximal branch originated together with the PL or FCR. The AIN emerged from the posterior side of the median nerve and had a diameter of 2.3 mm, twice that of other branches. When dissections were performed between the PT and FCR muscles at the FDS arcade, we observed the AIN lying lateral and the DFDS medial to the median nerve. After crossing the FDS arcade, the AIN divided into: 1) a lateral branch to the flexor pollicis longus (FPL), which bifurcated to reach the anterior and posterior surfaces of the FPL; 2) a medial branch, which bifurcated to reach the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP); and 3) a long middle branch to the pronator quadratus. The average numbers of myelinated fibers within each median nerve branch were as follows (values expressed as the mean ± SD): PPT 646 ± 249; DPT 599 ± 150; PL 259 ± 105; FCR 541 ± 199; proximal FDS 435 ± 158; DFDS 376 ± 150; FPL 480 ± 309; first branch to the FDP 397 ± 12; and second branch to the FDP 369 ± 33.

CONCLUSIONS
The median nerve's branching pattern in the cubital fossa is predictable. The most important variation involves the FCR motor branch. These anatomical findings aid during nerve transfer surgery to restore function when paralysis results from injury to the radial or median nerves, brachial plexus, or spinal cord.
Impact of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight and head circumference
Authors: Kumar N. , Rocha F.G. , Moustafa A.S.Z. , Masten M. , Bruder A. , Parmar K. , Adekola H. , Sampath V. , Monga R. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Pregnant mothers with opioid dependency commonly receive maintenance treatment of opioid (OMT), either as buprenorphine (BMT) or methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We investigated, whether OMT adversely affects standardized neonatal anthropometric outcomes and whether BMT is potentially safer than MMT in this regard. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of mother infant dyad, with and without OMT. Infant’s absolute and standardized ( z-score) anthropometric outcomes at birth were first compared, between OMT and control group (negative meconium drug screen), and then between BMT and MMT group. These outcomes were also compared between infants who did or did not require treatment after birth for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). RESULT: A total of 1479 participants with MDS were included [Control = 1251; OMT = 228 (MMT = 181; BMT = 47)]. Both the z-scores of birth weight (BW) and head circumference (HC) was lower in OMT group ( p < 0.001). Among the OMT group, GA at delivery was slightly higher in the BMT group ( p = 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between maternal dose at the time of delivery and anthropometric z-scores in the BMT group, mainly in female infants (BW: p = 0.006; HC: p = 0.003). Furthermore, In BMT group, infants with lower HC were more likely to require treatment for NAS ( p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: HC and BW when comparing Z-scores were not different between MMT and BMT. High maternal dosing of buprenorphine is associated with lower BW and HC Z-scores but dose effect is not seen with methadone. In addition, there seems to be an association between NAS severity and HC, especially in the BMT group.
Cumulative diagnostic imaging radiation exposure in premature neonates
Authors: Khattab Mona , Hagan Joseph , Staib Lawrence H. , Mustafa Adel , Goodman Thomas R. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: To date, there has been limited work evaluating the total cumulative effective radiation dose received by infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Most previous publications report that the total radiation dose received falls within the safe limits but does not include all types of ionizing radiation studies typically performed on this vulnerable patient population. We aimed to provide an estimate of the cumulative effective ionizing radiation dose (cED) in microSieverts ( μSv) received by premature infants ≤32 weeks from diagnostic studies performed throughout their NICU stay, and predictors of exposures. METHODS: Retrospective chart review from 2004–2011. Data included demographics, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), length of stay (LOS), clinical diagnosis, and radiological studies. RESULTS: 1045 charts were reviewed. Median GA = 30.0 weeks (SD 2.7, range 22.0–32.6). Median BW = 1340.0 grams (SD 445.4, range 420–2470). Median number of radiographic studies = 9 (SD 28.5, range 0–210). Median cED = 162 μSv (range 0–9248). The cED was positively associated with LOS ( p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with GA ( p < 0.001) and BW ( p < 0.001). Infants with intestinal perforation had the highest median cED 1661 μSv compared to 162 μSv for others ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results provide an estimate of the cumulative effective radiation dose received by premature infants in a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit from all radiological studies involving ionizing radiation and identifies risk factors and predictors of such exposure. Radiation exposure in NICU is highest among the most premature and among infants who suffer from intestinal perforation.
Production of organic products in dairy cattle breeding by feeding natural silicon-containing additives
Authors: Dezhatkina S. V. , Zyalalov Sh. R. , Mukhitov A. Z. , Dezhatkin M. E. , Sharonina N. V. , Akhmetova V. V. 
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Modern livestock breeders face an important task of producing organic products, in Russia this is regulated by the Federal Law “On Organic Products” (from 01.01.2020), it allows producers to enter in the state register and mark the products with the “organic” sign. There is a problem of deterioration of the quality of milk, low content of fat, protein, SOMO, deficiency of macro- and microelements, vitamins, which is associated with a violation of the proper feeding of animals. The use of innovative technologies for the activation and modification of silicon-containing minerals (diatomite and zeolite clinoptilolite) enhances their properties. This makes it possible to use them as an adsorbent, an ion exchanger and a source of readily available silicon and other mineral elements to produce high-quality organic products.Methods. To achieve this goal in the Ulyanovsk region we organized a production experiment in the conditions of a dairy farm of “Agrofirma Tetyushskoe” for a duration of 100 days. Three groups of 50 cows were formed: 1 — control, received only the basic diet (BD), 2 — experimental (BD + supplement based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids), 3 — experimental (BD + supplement based on modified diatomite enriched with amino acids). The supplement was given once a day in the morning in a mixture with mixed feed, the input rate was 250 g/head/day. For the physiological experiment 5 analog cows were selected in a group. To enrich the minerals a complex of plant-derived amino acids of high purity and biological activity was used.Results. The intake of additives based on silicon-containing natural minerals (zeolite and diatomite), processed with innovative technologies and enriched with plant-based amino acids, increases the level of animal productivity and ensures the yield of organic products of high-quality. It has a prolonging effect.
Research of the tall bearded iris varieties (<i>Iris x hybrida hort.</i>) in the Stavropol Botanical Garden
Authors: Grishchenko E. N. 
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Introduction and variety study of flower and ornamental crops is one of the main tasks of botanical gardens, which aims to expand the promising assortment for domestic floriculture.Results. In the period from 2018 to 2020 varieties of hybrid iris (Iris x hybrida hort.) from the garden group “tall bearded” were studied in the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The presented 13 varieties belong to foreign selection. Basically, the varieties are characterized by medium or early flowering periods with an average duration of 11-15 days. In the course of the study, biometric characteristics, the economic and biological properties of the varieties were analyzed. The varieties with the longest duration and productivity of flowering were identified. The ability to bear fruit, which is important for further breeding work, was noted in three varieties: Autumn Circus, Pallida Variegata, Immortality. The main disease that harms the studied culture is heterosporiosis. The most resistant to diseases are the varieties Afternoon In Rio, Bye Bye Blues, Pallida Variegata (up to 10% damage). The detected pests (flea beetle, aphid, mole cricket, etc.) generally cause minor damage to the studied plants. In the assessment of decorativeness, 11 parameters were analyzed using a 100-point scale and taking into account the conversion factor. The color, size, shape of the flower, aroma, inflorescence, duration and abundance of flowering, resistance to adverse weather conditions, decorative vegetative part of plants, originality, condition of plants were taken into account. As a result of the variety study, 9 highly decorative varieties were identified: Bye Bye Blues, Stardock, Autumn Circus, Lotus Land, Power Point, Good Day Oregon, Lorilee, Conjuration, Afternoon In Rio.