bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretable machine learning for early neurological deterioration prediction in atrial fibrillation-related stroke
Authors: Kim Seong-Hwan , Jeon Eun-Tae , Yu Sungwook , Oh Kyungmi , Kim Chi Kyung , Song Tae-Jin , Kim Yong-Jae , Heo Sung Hyuk , Park Kwang-Yeol , Kim Jeong-Min , Park Jong-Ho , Choi Jay Chol , Park Man-Seok , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Hwang Yang Ha , Kim Bum Joon , Chung Jong-Won , Bang Oh Young , Kim Gyeongmoon , Seo Woo-Keun , Jung Jin-Man 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe aimed to develop a novel prediction model for early neurological deterioration (END) based on an interpretable machine learning (ML) algorithm for atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke and to evaluate the prediction accuracy and feature importance of ML models. Data from multicenter prospective stroke registries in South Korea were collected. After stepwise data preprocessing, we utilized logistic regression, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and multilayer perceptron models. We used the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method to evaluate feature importance. Of the 3,213 stroke patients, the 2,363 who had arrived at the hospital within 24 h of symptom onset and had available information regarding END were included. Of these, 318 (13.5%) had END. The LightGBM model showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.772; 95% confidence interval, 0.715–0.829). The feature importance analysis revealed that fasting glucose level and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score were the most influential factors. Among ML algorithms, the LightGBM model was particularly useful for predicting END, as it revealed new and diverse predictors. Additionally, the effects of the features on the predictive power of the model were individualized using the SHAP method.
Impairment of emotional expression detection after unilateral medial temporal structure resection
Authors: Sato Wataru , Usui Naotaka , Sawada Reiko , Kondo Akihiko , Toichi Motomi , Inoue Yushi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetecting emotional facial expressions is an initial and indispensable component of face-to-face communication. Neuropsychological studies on the neural substrates of this process have shown that bilateral amygdala lesions impaired the detection of emotional facial expressions. However, the findings were inconsistent, possibly due to the limited number of patients examined. Furthermore, whether this processing is based on emotional or visual factors of facial expressions remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we tested a group of patients (n = 23) with unilateral resection of medial temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala, and compared their performance under resected- and intact-hemisphere stimulation conditions. The participants were asked to detect normal facial expressions of anger and happiness, and artificially created anti-expressions, among a crowd with neutral expressions. Reaction times for the detection of normal expressions versus anti-expressions were shorter when the target faces were presented to the visual field contralateral to the intact hemisphere (i.e., stimulation of the intact hemisphere; e.g., right visual field for patients with right hemispheric resection) compared with the visual field contralateral to the resected hemisphere (i.e., stimulation of the resected hemisphere). Our findings imply that the medial temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala, play an essential role in the detection of emotional facial expressions, according to the emotional significance of the expressions.
The presynaptic glycine transporter GlyT2 is regulated by the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: de la Rocha-Muñoz Andrés , Núñez Enrique , Vishwanath Anjali Amrapali , Gómez-López Sergio , Dhanasobhon Dhanasak , Rebola Nelson , López-Corcuera Beatriz , de Juan-Sanz Jaime , Aragón Carmen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe identity of a glycinergic synapse is maintained presynaptically by the activity of a surface glycine transporter, GlyT2, which recaptures glycine back to presynaptic terminals to preserve vesicular glycine content. GlyT2 loss-of-function mutations cause Hyperekplexia, a rare neurological disease in which loss of glycinergic neurotransmission causes generalized stiffness and strong motor alterations. However, the molecular underpinnings controlling GlyT2 activity remain poorly understood. In this work, we identify the Hedgehog pathway as a robust controller of GlyT2 expression and transport activity. Modulating the activation state of the Hedgehog pathway in vitro in rodent primary spinal cord neurons or in vivo in zebrafish embryos induced a selective control in GlyT2 expression, regulating GlyT2 transport activity. Our results indicate that activation of Hedgehog reduces GlyT2 expression by increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. This work describes a new molecular link between the Hedgehog signaling pathway and presynaptic glycine availability.
Genetically modifying skin microbe to produce violacein and augmenting microbiome did not defend Panamanian golden frogs from disease
Authors: Becker Matthew H , Brophy Jennifer A N , Barrett Kevin , Bronikowski Ed , Evans Matthew , Glassey Emerson , Kaganer Alyssa W , Klocke Blake , Lassiter Elliot , Meyer Adam J , Muletz-Wolz Carly R , Fleischer Robert C , Voigt Christopher A , Gratwicke Brian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We designed two probiotic treatments to control chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) on infected Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki), a species that is thought to be extinct in the wild due to Bd. The first approach disrupted the existing skin microbe community with antibiotics then exposed the frogs to a core golden frog skin microbe (Diaphorobacter sp.) that we genetically modified to produce high titers of violacein, a known antifungal compound. One day following probiotic treatment, the engineered Diaphorobacter and the violacein-producing pathway could be detected on the frogs but the treatment failed to improve frog survival when exposed to Bd. The second approach exposed frogs to the genetically modified bacterium mixed into a consortium with six other known anti-Bd bacteria isolated from captive A. zeteki, with no preliminary antibiotic treatment. The consortium treatment increased the frequency and abundance of three probiotic isolates (Janthinobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas) and these persisted on the skin 4 weeks after probiotic treatment. There was a temporary increase in the frequency and abundance of three other probiotics isolates (Masillia, Serratia, and Pseudomonas) and the engineered Diaphorobacter isolate, but they subsequently disappeared from the skin. This treatment also failed to reduce frog mortality upon exposure.
Lipotoxicity: a driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: Leggat Jennifer , Bidault Guillaume , Vidal-Puig Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health concern, with rising incidence alongside high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology of HFpEF is not yet fully understood. The association between HFpEF and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism could drive diastolic dysfunction and subsequent HFpEF. Herein we summarise recent advances regarding the pathogenesis of HFpEF in the context of MetS, with a focus on impaired lipid handling, myocardial lipid accumulation and subsequent lipotoxicity.
Dihydromyricetin ameliorates vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease by targeting AKT signaling
Authors: Feng Liyun , Que Dongdong , Li Zehua , Zhong Xinglong , Yan Jing , Wei Jintao , Zhang Xiuli , Yang Pingzhen , Ou Caiwen , Chen Minsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is characterized by transdifferentiation from contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into an osteogenic phenotype. However, no effective and therapeutic option to prevent vascular calcification is yet available. Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a bioactive flavonoid isolated from Ampelopsis grossedentata, has been found to inhibit VSMCs proliferation and the injury-induced neointimal formation. However, whether DMY has an effect on osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification is still unclear. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of DMY on vascular calcification in CKD and the underlying mechanism. DMY treatment significantly attenuated calcium/phosphate-induced calcification of rat and human VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by Alizarin Red S staining and calcium content assay, associated with down-regulation of osteogenic markers including type I collagen (COL I), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and osteocalcin (OCN). These results were further confirmed in aortic rings ex vivo. Moreover, DMY ameliorated vascular calcification in rats with CKD. Additionally, we found that AKT signaling was activated during vascular calcification, whereas significantly inhibited by DMY administration. DMY treatment significantly reversed AKT activator-induced vascular calcification. Furthermore, inhibition of AKT signaling efficiently attenuated calcification, which was similar to that after treatment with DMY alone, and DMY had a better inhibitory effect on calcification as compared with AKT inhibitor. The present study demonstrated that DMY has a potent inhibitory role in vascular calcification partially by inhibiting AKT activation, suggesting that DMY may act as a promising therapeutic candidate for patients suffering from vascular calcification.
Outcomes Following Participation in a Support-Based Summer Camp for Children Who Stutter
Authors: Herring Caryn , Millager Ryan A. , Yaruss J. Scott 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Self-help and support activities are often recommended for people who stutter, and there is growing interest in understanding whether and how such experiences might be beneficial for children who stutter. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential impact of participation in Camp SAY, an overnight support-based summer camp experience for children who stutter, by measuring changes in scores on the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES).

Method:
Participants were 107 children who stutter (age range: 8–18 years) who attended Camp SAY during the summers of 2013, 2015, and/or 2016. We examined changes in OASES scores (a) pre- to postcamp, (b) the durability of changes 6 months after the conclusion of the camp, and group differences (c) between school-age campers and teenage campers and (d) between first-time campers and those who had previously attended the camp.

Results:
Comparison of precamp to postcamp scores revealed significant improvements related to reactions to stuttering, quality of life, and overall adverse impact of stuttering. Scores on each subsection of the OASES were maintained (and further improved) 6 months after camp. There were no significant differences between school-age campers and teenage campers. Both first-time and returning campers showed significant improvements related to reactions to stuttering, though first-time campers had a significantly larger improvement in attitudes toward communication related to stuttering than returning campers.

Conclusion:
These outcomes suggest that participation in support activities, like Camp SAY, is associated with significant reductions in the overall adverse impact of stuttering and can therefore be beneficial for children who stutter.
Biosimilars in der Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Horneff Gerd 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit der Einführung von Biosimilars für Etanercept und Adalimumab können diese zur primären Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis eingesetzt werden oder durch Umstellung/Switch vom Originator auf ein Biosimilar. Bislang liegen nur begrenzte Daten über diesen Einsatz vor. Die Datenbank des nationalen BIKER-Registers wurde genutzt, um Erfahrungen aus der klinischen Praxis mit Etanercept- und Adalimumab-Biosimilars sowohl im head-to-head-Vergleich (n = 118) mit dem Originator als auch nach Switch (n = 117) zu beschreiben. Die Patientencharakteristika und Krankheitsaktivitätsparameter waren bei Therapiestart weitgehend vergleichbar. Kein Unterschied fand sich auch in der Effektivität. Ein Rückgang des JADAS10 zeigt eine vergleichbare Verbesserung in beiden Gruppen an. Auch Unterschiede in der Verträglichkeit ergaben sich nicht. Nach Switchung kann keine Verschlechterung der Krankheitsaktivität erkannt werden. Über besondere Hemmnisse bei der Anwendung von Biosimilars in der Kinderheumatologie kann nur spekuliert werden. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen sowohl bei der Ersteinstellung als auch beim Switching zu Biosimilars zeigen ermutigende Ergebnisse.
Update – Systemische juvenile Arthritis
Authors: Hospach Toni , Horneff Gerd 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie systemische juvenile idiopathische Arthritis nimmt unter den Kategorien der JIA eine Sonderstellung ein, klinisch aufgrund der obligat extraartikulären, systemischen Beteiligung, aber auch aufgrund der der vital bedrohlichen Komplikationen, Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom und Lungenbeteiligung. Untersuchungen legen ein biphasisches Krankheitsgeschehen mit konsekutiven Eigenschaften einer autoinflammatorischen mit denen einer Autoimmunerkrankung nahe. Diese Erkenntnisse führten zu Therapieoptionen wie der IL-1- und IL-6-Blockade mit Biologika und zu Therapiealgorithmen, die zwischen früher Erkrankung und später Erkrankung unterscheiden, letztlich mit dem Ziel, der Nutzung eines „windows of opportunity“ zur Erreichung des Therapieziels der Remission.
Regenerative terahertz quantum detectors
Authors: Micheletti Paolo , Faist Jérôme , Olariu Tudor , Senica Urban , Beck Mattias , Scalari Giacomo 
Published: October 2021

Because of the ultrafast and photon-driven nature of the transport in their active region, we demonstrate that quantum cascade lasers can be operated as resonantly amplified terahertz detectors with wide RF bandwidth. Tunable responsivities up to 50 V/W and noise equivalent powers down to 100 pW/Hz1/2 are demonstrated at 4.7 THz. Constant peak responsivities with respect to the detector temperature are observed up to 80 K. Thanks to the ≈ps intersub-band lifetime, electrical bandwidths larger than 20 GHz can be obtained, allowing the detection of optical beatnotes from quantum cascade THz frequency combs.
Changes in gaseous concentration of alkylpyrazine analogs affect mouse avoidance behavior
Authors: Osada Kazumi , Miyazono Sadaharu , Ohata Motoko , Noguchi Tomohiro , Kashiwayanagi Makoto 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We developed a rapid and accurate method for quantifying gaseous phase odorants using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in conjunction with GC-MS and used our system to quantify alkylpyrazine analogs in the Y-maze. Rapid extraction of volatile compounds in the vapor phase achieved accurate quantitative analysis of gaseous alkylpyrazine analogs at several locations in the Y-maze. We also used a series of three SPME fibers to quantify changes in the concentration over time. We conducted a behavioral test of mice in response to these alkylpyrazines and identified a positive relationship between the rate of increase in gaseous concentration and the avoidance rate induced. Our results demonstrate that the Y-maze is a simple but reliable apparatus for behavioral studies of olfaction. The HS-SPME fast extraction method can quantify how gaseous concentrations of alkylpyrazines change over time, and the time-dependent increase of alkylpyrazine concentration is correlated with induction of aversive behavior in mice.
Proteomic determinants of uterine receptivity for pregnancy in early and mid-postpartum dairy cows
Authors: Aranciaga Nicolas , Morton James D , Maes Evelyne , Gathercole Jessica L , Berg Debra K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDairy cow subfertility is a worldwide issue arising from multiple factors. It manifests in &gt;30% early pregnancy losses in seasonal pasture-grazed herds, especially when cows are inseminated in the early post-partum period. Most losses occur before implantation, when embryo growth depends on factors present in maternal tract fluids. Here we examined the proteomic composition of early and mid-postpartum uterine luminal fluid (ULF) in crossbred lactating dairy cows to identify molecular determinants of fertility. We also explored changes in ULF from first to third estrus cycles postpartum in individual cows, linking those changes with divergent embryo development. For this, we flushed uteri of 87 cows at Day 7 of pregnancy at first and third estrus postpartum, recovering, and grading their embryos. Out of 1563 proteins detected, 472 had not been previously reported in this fluid, and 408 were predicted to be actively secreted by bioinformatic analysis. The abundance of 18 proteins with roles in immune regulation and metabolic function (e.g. cystatin B, pyruvate kinase M2) was associated with contrasting embryo quality. Matched-paired pathway analysis indicated that, from first to third estrus postpartum, upregulation of metabolic (e.g. creatine and carbohydrate) and immune (e.g. complement regulation, antiviral defense) processes were related to poorer quality embryos in the third estrus cycle postpartum. Conversely, upregulated signal transduction and protein trafficking appeared related to improved embryo quality in third estrus. These results advance the characterization of the molecular environment of bovine ULF and may aid understanding fertility issues in other mammals, including humans.
Hierarchical auditory perception for species discrimination and individual recognition in the music frog
Authors: Fan Yanzhu , Fang Ke , Sun Ruolei , Shen Di , Yang Jing , Tang Yezhong , Fang Guangzhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability to discriminate species and recognize individuals is crucial for reproductive success and/or survival in most animals. However, the temporal order and neural localization of these decision-making processes has remained unclear. In this study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon of the music frog Nidirana daunchina. These ERPs were elicited by calls from 1 group of heterospecifics (recorded from a sympatric anuran species) and 2 groups of conspecifics that differed in their fundamental frequencies. In terms of the polarity and position within the ERP waveform, auditory ERPs generally consist of 4 main components that link to selective attention (N1), stimulus evaluation (P2), identification (N2), and classification (P3). These occur around 100, 200, 250, and 300 ms after stimulus onset, respectively. Our results show that the N1 amplitudes differed significantly between the heterospecific and conspecific calls, but not between the 2 groups of conspecific calls that differed in fundamental frequency. On the other hand, the N2 amplitudes were significantly different between the 2 groups of conspecific calls, suggesting that the music frogs discriminated the species first, followed by individual identification, since N1 and N2 relate to selective attention and stimuli identification, respectively. Moreover, the P2 amplitudes evoked in females were significantly greater than those in males, indicating the existence of sexual dimorphism in auditory discrimination. In addition, both the N1 amplitudes in the left diencephalon and the P2 amplitudes in the left telencephalon were greater than in other brain areas, suggesting left hemispheric dominance in auditory perception. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that species discrimination and identification of individual characteristics are accomplished sequentially, and that auditory perception exhibits differences between sexes and in spatial dominance.
Bradycardia associated with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19: a case series
Authors: Ciccarelli Gian Paolo , Bruzzese Eugenia , Asile Gaetano , Vassallo Edoardo , Pierri Luca , De Lucia Vittoria , Guarino Alfredo , Lo Vecchio Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare life-threatening clinical condition that can develop in patients younger than 21 years of age with a history of infection/exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The cardiovascular system is a main target of the inflammatory process that frequently causes myocardial dysfunction, myopericarditis, coronary artery dilation, hypotension, and shock. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children-associated myocarditis is usually characterized by fever, tachycardia, non-specific electrocardiogram abnormalities, and left ventricular dysfunction, but serious tachyarrhythmias may also occur. We report two cases of patients with MIS-C-associated myocarditis who developed severe bradycardia.

Case summary
Two female adolescents with recent history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were initially hospitalized for long-lasting high-grade fever and severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Both patients were diagnosed with MIS-C-associated myocarditis for elevation of markers of myocardial injury (mean highly-sensitive cardiac troponin 2663 pg/mL, mean N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide 5097 pg/mL) and left ventricular dysfunction, which was subsequently confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance. Both patients developed a severe sinus bradycardia (lowest heart rate 36 and 42, respectively), which appeared refractory to the treatment with intravenous Methylprednisolone and Immunoglobulins, despite a clinical and biochemical improvement. The use of Anakinra (a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist), was associated with a rapid improvement of cardiac rhythm and excellent clinical outcome at 6 months of follow-up.

Discussion
In patients with MIS-C-associated myocarditis, a continuous cardiac monitoring is mandatory to promptly identify potential conduction abnormalities. Adolescents may present bradycardia as a rhythm complication. We experienced a rapid recovery after treatment with Anakinra, to be considered as add-on therapy in cases refractory to standard anti-inflammatory treatment.