bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of regional differences in vulnerability to climate change for demersal fisheries
Authors: Aragão Guilherme Martins , López-López Lucía , Punzón Antonio , Guijarro Elena , Esteban Antonio , García Encarnación , González-Irusta José Manuel , Polo Julia , Vivas Miguel , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Regional differences in climate vulnerability are particularly important in many countries with socio-ecological gradients or geographical and environmental spatial segregation. Many studies are regularly performed at the national level, but regional assessments can provide more detailed information and important insights into intra-national vulnerabilities. They require detailed information of many socio-ecological components that are often neglected at the regional scale but are meaningful and operational at national and international levels. In this work, we developed a climate vulnerability assessment (CVA) to investigate the vulnerability of demersal fisheries based on 19 indicators covering exposure, fisheries sensitivity, species sensitivity (SS) and adaptive capacity (AC) for nine coastal regions of Spain, contrasting the Mediterranean to Atlantic areas. Exposure was consistently larger in the Mediterranean than Atlantic regions, while AC showed the opposite trend. While fisheries and SS did not display a clear Atlantic-Mediterranean pattern, they were critical for capturing regional differences that have an impact on fisheries vulnerability. Our results highlight the generally higher vulnerability of Mediterranean demersal fisheries, mainly due to the lower AC and higher exposure of Mediterranean regions, while providing key regional elements for guiding national and international actions for adaptation. This study demonstrates that the spatial scale considered in the development of CVAs must recognise the spatial heterogeneity in the socio-ecological system within its unit of analysis in order to be a relevant tool for management and policy makers.
Peripheral T cell lymphopenia in COVID-19: potential mechanisms and impact
Authors: Zhang Sifan , Asquith Becca , Szydlo Richard , Tregoning John S , Pollock Katrina M 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Immunopathogenesis involving T lymphocytes, which play a key role in defence against viral infection, could contribute to the spectrum of COVID-19 disease and provide an avenue for treatment. To address this question, a review of clinical observational studies and autopsy data in English and Chinese languages was conducted with a search of registered clinical trials. Peripheral lymphopenia affecting CD4 and CD8 T cells was a striking feature of severe COVID-19 compared with non-severe disease. Autopsy data demonstrated infiltration of T cells into organs, particularly the lung. Seventy-four clinical trials are on-going that could target T cell-related pathogenesis, particularly IL-6 pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection interrupts T cell circulation in patients with severe COVID-19. This could be due to redistribution of T cells into infected organs, activation induced exhaustion, apoptosis, or pyroptosis. Measuring T cell dynamics during COVID-19 will inform clinical risk-stratification of hospitalised patients and could identify those who would benefit most from treatments that target T cells.
Epidemiologic, Immunologic, and Virus Characteristics in Patients With Paired Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Serology and Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing
Authors: Shragai Talya , Smith-Jeffcoat Sarah E , Koh Mitsuki , Schechter Marcos C , Rebolledo Paulina A , Kasinathan Vyjayanti , Wang Yun , Hoffman Adam , Miller Halie , Tejada-Strop Alexandra , Jain Shilpi , Tamin Azaibi , Harcourt Jennifer L , Thornburg Natalie J , Wong Phili , Medrzycki Magdalena , Folster Jennifer M , Semenova Vera , Steward-Clark Evelene , Drobenuic Jan , Biedron Caitlin , Stewart Rebekah J , da Silva Juliana , Kirking Hannah L , Tate Jacqueline E ,   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Emergency Response GA-10 Field Team, Adeyemo AdeSubomi O , Moorman Anne , Bauman Brenda L , Joseph Kahaliah , O’Hegarty Michelle , Kamal Nazia , Cohen Mila , Rosetti Rebecca , Britton Amadea , Aholou Tiffiany M , Callahan Courtney T , Fonseka Jamila , Agyemang Elfriede , Lawson Miriam J , Deutsch-Feldman Molly , Tiwari Tejpratap S P , Sami Samira , Tao Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The natural history and clinical progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can be better understood using combined serological and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.

Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs and serum were collected at a single time-point from patients at an urban, public hospital during August–November 2020 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR, viral culture, and anti-spike pan-immunoglobulin antibody testing. Participant demographics and symptoms were collected through interview. The χ 2 and Fisher exact tests were used to identify associations between RT-PCR and serology results with presence of viable virus and frequency of symptoms.

Results
Among 592 participants, 129 (21.8%) had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR or serology. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was strongly associated with lack of viable virus (P = .016). COVID-19 symptom frequency was similar for patients testing RT-PCR positive/seronegative and patients testing RT-PCR positive/seropositive. Patients testing RT-PCR positive/seronegative reported headaches, fatigue, diarrhea, and vomiting at rates not statistically significantly different from those testing RT-PCR negative/seropositive.

Conclusions
While patients testing SARS-CoV-2 seropositive were unlikely to test positive for viable virus and were therefore at low risk for forward transmission, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were common. Paired SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and antibody testing provides more nuanced understanding of patients’ COVID-19 status.
The Effect of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria During Pregnancy and Placental Malaria on Infant Risk of Malaria
Authors: Andronescu Liana R , Sharma Ankur , Peterson Ingrid , Kachingwe Martin , Kachepa Witness , Liang Yuanyuan , Gutman Julie R , Mathanga Don P , Chinkhumba Jobiba , Laufer Miriam K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) provides greater protection from placental malaria than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Some studies suggest placental malaria alters risk of malaria infection in infants, but few have quantified the effect of IPTp on infant susceptibility to malaria.

Methods
Infants born to women enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing IPTp-SP and IPTp-DP in Malawi were followed from birth to 24 months to assess effect of IPTp and placental malaria on time to first malaria episode and Plasmodium falciparum incidence.

Results
In total, 192 infants born to mothers randomized to IPTp-SP and 195 randomized to IPTp-DP were enrolled. Infants in IPTp exposure groups did not differ significantly regarding incidence of clinical malaria (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], .58–1.86) or incidence of infection (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, .92–1.55). Placental malaria exposure was not associated with incidence of clinical malaria (IRR, 1.03; 95% CI, .66–1.59) or infection (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, .88–1.50). Infant sex, season of birth, and maternal gravidity did not confound results.

Conclusions
We did not find evidence that IPTp regimen or placental malaria exposure influenced risk of malaria during infancy in this population.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03009526
A New Family of Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera), Kathroperlidae, fam. n., with a Phylogenomic Analysis of the Paraperlinae (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae)
Authors: South Eric J , Skinner Rachel K , Edward DeWalt R , Davis Mark A , Johnson Kevin P , Teslenko Valentina A , Lee Jonathan J , Malison Rachel L , Hwang Jeong Mi , Bae Yeon Jae , Myers Luke W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent molecular analyses of transcriptome data from 94 species across 92 genera of North American Plecoptera identified the genus Kathroperla Banks, 1920 as sister group to Chloroperlidae + Perlodidae. Given that the genus Kathroperla has historically been included as a member of the family Chloroperlidae, this discovery indicated further investigation of the genus and the subfamily Paraperlinae was needed. Both transcriptome and genome sequencing datasets were generated from 32 species of the infraorder Systellognatha, including all described species of the Paraperlinae, to test the phylogenetic placement of these taxa. From these datasets, a large phylogenomic data matrix of 800 orthologous genes was produced, and multiple analyses were conducted, including both concatenated and coalescent analyses. Morphological comparisons were made among all Paraperlinae using light microscopy. All molecular results support a monophyletic Kathroperla, which is supported as sister taxon to the remaining Perloidea by five of six molecular analyses. Postocular head length is determined to be a distinct morphological character of this genus. Combined molecular and morphological evidence support the designation of Kathroperlidae, fam. n., as the seventeenth family of extant Plecoptera.
The association of remdesivir and in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19 patients treated with steroids
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Iwagami Masao , Ishimaru Miho , Takahashi Mai , Egorova Natalia N 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRemdesivir has been shown to decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and the duration of COVID-19 symptoms. However, current evidence regarding the association between remdesivir and in-hospital mortality for patients with COVID-19 steroid treatments is limited. We aimed to investigate whether remdesivir reduces in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 treated with steroids.MethodsIn this retrospective multicentre study, we reviewed the medical records of 3372 patients discharged between 1 March 2020 and 30 March 2021, with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in the Mount Sinai Health System and treated with steroids. We evaluated the effect of remdesivir on the outcomes using propensity score analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratification of patients by endotracheal intubation and COVID-19 antibody status. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL or a relative increase of 50%.ResultsOf the 3372 eligible patients, 1336 (39.6%) received remdesivir. After 1:1 propensity score matching (N = 999 pairs), in-hospital mortality was similar between those with and without remdesivir (21.4% versus 21.6%, respectively, P = 0.96). Remdesivir was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality regardless of endotracheal intubation or COVID-19 antibody status. However, there was a signal that remdesivir was associated with a reduced risk of AKI in the propensity matched analysis (17.5% versus 23.4%, respectively, P = 0.001).ConclusionsRemdesivir was not associated with reduced risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 treated with steroids but potentially associated with decreased risk of AKI. These findings should be confirmed in prospective studies focusing on COVID-19 patients treated with steroids.
Safety and efficacy of intravenously administered cidofovir in adult haematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Stern Anat , Alonso Carolyn D , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Cardozo Celia , Slavin Monica , Yong Michelle K , Ho Su Ann , Mehta Steinke Seema , Avery Robin K , Koehler Philipp , Scheid Christof , Cornely Oliver A , Maertens Johan , Abi Aad Yasmine , Epstein David J , Papanicolaou Genovefa A , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cidofovir for the treatment of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral infections following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT).

Methods
This was a retrospective multicentre cohort study including adult HCT recipients who received ≥1 dose of IV-administered cidofovir for any dsDNA viral infection from 2006 to 2019. The objectives were to describe the rate of and risk factors for nephrotoxicity and virological response by the end of treatment (EOT).

Results
We included 165 patients from nine centres. Cidofovir was administered at 5 mg/kg/week (N = 115; 69.7%), 1 mg/kg/week (18; 10.9%), 3 mg/kg/week (12; 7.3%) or 1 mg/kg three times/week (11; 6.7%). Cidofovir was administered for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus infection in 75 (45.5%), 64 (38.8%) and 51 (30.9%) patients, respectively. Among 158 patients with renal function data at baseline and EOT, 40 (25.3%) developed nephrotoxicity. In multivariable analyses, age (OR 1.04; P = 0.05), weight (OR 1.05; P = 0.01), CMV infection (OR 3.6; P = 0.02), liposomal amphotericin B (OR 8.06; P = 0.05) and IV voriconazole/posaconazole (OR 13.0; P = 0.003) were predictors of nephrotoxicity. Creatinine concentration was significantly higher at EOT (1.16 ± 0.95 mg/dL) compared with baseline (0.91 ± 0.39 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001), but improved by 2 weeks (0.91 ± 0.84 mg/dL; P = 0.007) and 4 weeks (0.96 ± 0.89 mg/dL; P = 0.03) post-EOT. Median viral load significantly declined for patients with adenovirus DNAaemia by EOT (P &lt; 0.0001) and for patients with CMV DNAaemia by EOT + 4 weeks (P = 0.003), but not for patients with BK virus DNAaemia.

Conclusions
One in four HCT recipients treated with IV cidofovir developed largely reversible nephrotoxicity. Careful selection of patients and close follow-up of renal function may minimize toxicity.
Crohn’s and Colitis Canada’s 2021 Impact of COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Seniors With IBD
Authors: Bernstein Charles N , Singh Harminder , Murthy Sanjay K , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Benchimol Eric I , Bitton Alain , Kuenzig M Ellen , Huang James Guoxian , Jones Jennifer L , Lee Kate , Targownik Laura E , Windsor Joseph W , Mukhtar Mariam S , Tandon Parul , Kaplan Gilaad G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The risk of hospitalization and death from Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) increases with age. The extreme elderly have been particularly vulnerable, with those above the age of 80 having a case-fatality rate as high as 15%. Aging of the immune system can lead to impaired inflammatory responses where eradication of an organism such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is inadequate but is exaggerated in such a way as to enhance pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Frailty and comorbidity are both more common in the elderly, and these can enhance the morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Studies from Northern California and Italy suggest that elderly persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were more likely to acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection than youths with IBD. While the specific impact of age-related comorbidity is less well established among people with IBD who acquire COVID-19, data from the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion (SECURE-IBD) database reported that having two or more chronic illnesses was independently associated with developing severe COVID-19 among people with IBD. Despite having exaggerated auto-inflammatory responses, people with IBD do not appear to have an overall increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 than the general population. However, whether seniors with IBD do worse once they acquire COVID-19 compared with seniors without IBD is not known. The advent of telehealth care has posed an information technology challenge for many seniors with and without IBD. Most persons with IBD have expressed satisfaction with virtual IBD health care (phone or video-based visits). While the elderly may have less robust immune responses to vaccinations, learning from experiences with other vaccination programs, especially influenza, have shown that vaccinating seniors decreases both morbidity and mortality and, in turn, healthcare resources.
Arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in adolescents—5-year follow-up
Authors: Winge Søren , Winge Sophie , Kraemer Otto , Dippmann Christian , Hölmich Per 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTTo report the minimum 5-year outcome after hip arthroscopy with labral repair in adolescents. From 2011 to 2014, 29 consecutive patients with a mean age 16.3 years (range 12.7–19.8 years) underwent hip arthroscopy treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) including modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) were used preoperatively and at follow-up (FU). Percentage of patients achieving minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) for mHHS and HAGOS were determined. Mean FU was 6.7 years (range 5–9.6 years), and a 100% FU was accomplished. Significant improvements were seen for all PROMs at FU in patients not having a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) with VAS pain score improving from mean 62 to 9, mHHS from 58 to 94 and HAGOS improved in all subgroups. For mHHS, SCB changes were achieved by 76% and MCID by 76% of the patients. Percentage of patients achieving MCID for HAGOS subgroups were 81% for pain, 67% for symptoms, 76% for physical function in daily living, 76% for physical function in sport and recreation, 81% for participation in physical activities and 81% for hip-related quality of life. Two patients had revision hip arthroscopy. PAO was later performed in three patients. The risk of further surgery with center edge (CE) bony edge (CEB) &lt;30° was 42% and 0% with CEB ≥30°. Adolescents having hip arthroscopy with labral repair and resection of cam and pincer morphology achieve significant improvements at mean 6.7 years of FU. CEB &lt; 30° increases the risk of further surgery.
General-relativistic treatment of tidal g-mode resonances in coalescing binaries of neutron stars – I. Theoretical framework and crust breaking
Authors: Kuan Hao-Jui , Suvorov Arthur G , Kokkotas Kostas D 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
During the final stages of a neutron-star binary coalescence, stellar quasi-normal modes can become resonantly excited by tidal fields. If the strain exerted by the excited modes exceeds the extent to which the crust can respond linearly, localized crustal failures may occur. In this work, we re-examine resonant g-mode excitations of relativistic neutron stars in the last ∼10 s of an inspiral. We adopt realistic equations of state that pass constraints from GW170817, include third-order post-Newtonian terms for the conservation orbital motion, and employ a 2.5 post-Newtonian scheme for gravitational back-reaction. Frequency modulations of the modes due to tidal fields, Lorentz forces, and (slow) rotation are also considered to investigate the maximal strain achievable by resonantly excited g modes. Depending on the equation of state, degree of stratification, and stellar magnetic field, we find that certain g-mode excitations may be able to break the crust some seconds prior to coalescence.
On the detection of free-floating planets through microlensing towards the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Sajadian Sedighe 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this work, we study detecting free-floating planets (FFPs) by microlensing observations towards the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). In comparison to similar events towards the Galactic bulge, an FFP in the Galactic halo produces on average longer microlensing events with smaller projected source radii towards these clouds. For these microlensing events, the relative lens-source velocities are on average smaller. The MC self-lensing events due to FFPs suffer from severe finite-source effects. We first simulate microlensing events due to FFPs towards MCs and assume a log-uniform step function for their mass. The efficiencies for capturing their lensing signatures (with signal-to-noise greater than 50) are found to be 0.1–0.6 per cent and 3–6 per cent through ground-based optical surveys and space-based near-infrared surveys, respectively. We then promote these simulations and assume the Roman telescope continuously observes each MC during one 72-d season with the 15 min observing cadence. From simulated microlensing events with the resolvable source stars at the baseline due to FFPs with the masses ∼0.01–104M⊕, Roman discovers their lensing effects with the efficiencies $\sim 10\!-\!80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. By adopting $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ as haloes fraction from FFPs, we estimate the expected number of events. The highest number of detectable FFPs which is ∼1700–2200 per season per square degree happens for ones with masses ∼0.01M⊕. Our simulations show that Roman potentially extends the mass range of detectable FFPs in haloes down to 5.9 × 10−7M⊕ with continuous observations during one observing season from the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Follow-up genotoxicity assessment of Ames-positive/equivocal chemicals using the improved thymidine kinase gene mutation assay in DNA repair-deficient human TK6 cells
Authors: Sassa Akira , Fukuda Takayuki , Ukai Akiko , Nakamura Maki , Sato Ryosuke , Fujiwara Sho , Hirota Kouji , Takeda Shunichi , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Honma Masamitsu , Yasui Manabu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenotoxicity testing plays an important role in the safety assessment of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and chemical substances. Among the guidelines for various genotoxicity tests, the in vitro genotoxicity test battery comprises the bacterial Ames test and mammalian cell assays. Several chemicals exhibit conflicting results for the bacterial Ames test and mammalian cell genotoxicity studies, which may stem from the differences in DNA repair capacity or metabolism, between different cell types or species. For better understanding the mechanistic implications regarding conflict outcomes between different assay systems, it is necessary to develop in vitro genotoxicity testing approaches with higher specificity towards DNA-damaging reagents. We have recently established an improved thymidine kinase (TK) gene mutation assay (TK assay) i.e. deficient in DNA excision repair system using human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells lacking XRCC1 and XPA (XRCC1−/−/XPA−/−), the core factors of base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER), respectively. This DNA repair-deficient TK6 cell line is expected to specifically evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemical substances based on the DNA damage. We focussed on four reagents, N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), auramine and malachite green (MG) as the Ames test-positive chemicals. In our assay, assessment using XRCC1−/−/XPA−/− cells revealed no statistically significant increase in the mutant frequencies after treatment with NEDA, PPD and MG, suggesting the chemicals to be non-genotoxic in humans. The observations were consistent with that of the follow-up in vivo studies. In contrast, the mutant frequency was markedly increased in XRCC1−/−/XPA−/− cells after treatment with auramine. The results suggest that auramine is the genotoxic reagent that preferentially induces DNA damages resolved by BER and/or NER in mammals. Taken together, BER/NER-deficient cell-based genotoxicity testing will contribute to elucidate the mechanism of genotoxicity and therefore play a pivotal role in the accurate safety assessment of chemical substances.