bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective and important contribution of ready‐to‐eat cereals to the nutrient intake of Guatemalan schoolchildren
Authors: Montenegro‐Bethancourt Gabriela , Vossenaar M , Doak Colleen M. , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Ready‐to‐eat cereals (RTEC) are recognized as an important source of micronutrients.Objectives:To determine dietary and micronutrient contributions of RTEC from a 1‐day intake survey of schoolchildren in an urban Guatemalan area.Methods:Data were obtained in a cross‐sectional study of 449 students, boys and girls, stratified by SES in private (n=230) or public (n=219) schools. Intake estimation comprised a single 24‐h pictorial self‐recording, supplemented by a dietitian interview to quantify amounts and check for completeness. Nutrient content was obtained from product labels. The nutrient contribution presented did not include the milk usually consumed with RTEC. The 2004 WHO recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) were used to assess nutrient adequacy.Results:RTEC were mentioned at least once on 183 child‐days (41%): 93% at breakfast. From the 7 RTEC varieties reported, cornflakes was most common (70%); it was first source of Fe, folate and thiamin. RTEC made important contributions (17‐21%) to the RNI for Fe, folate and vit D. Cereal consumption was significantly higher in the private school sample.Conclusions:The main benefit from added micronutrients in RTEC goes to higher rather than lower income children.Funded in part by Kellogg Co, Mexico
Place of birth Matters: Adverse dietary profiles observed for US born compared to non‐US born Latino populations
Authors: Duffey Kiyah J. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Ayala Guadalupe X. , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: June 2021

Place of birth Matters: Adverse dietary profiles observed for US born compared to non‐US born Latino populations Background: While several studies have examined acculturation and obesity, minimal research on the diet composition of US‐ and non‐US born Latino subpopulations has been undertaken.Objective: To examine differences in composition of US and non‐US born Mexican‐American (MA) and other Hispanic‐American (OHA) adults. Methods: We used NAHANES 1999‐2004 data from MA (n=3375) and OHA (n=622) adults aged 18‐74. Dietary data were collected with a single 24‐hour recall, and grouped using the UNC‐food grouping system. All results weighted to be nationally representative with significance p<0.05.Results: Compared to their non‐US born counterparts, US born MA and OHA adults consumed more total energy (+63 and +212 kcals respectively) and added sugar (+12 and +40 grams, respectively), with differences in percent of energy by food group. Among MA, those who were US versus non‐US born consumed a greater percent of energy from food obtained away‐from‐home (+2.95%), high‐fat salty snacks (+2.1%), mixed dishes (+1.15%) and desserts (+0.78%). Conversely, US born MA consumed less energy from fruits & vegetables (‐3.04%), soy & legumes (‐2.51%), soups (‐1.76%), and whole‐fat milk (‐1.36%). Similar trends were observed for OHA. US vs. non‐US born OHA consumed more soda & fruit drinks (+3.39%).Conclusion: Adverse diet profiles of US‐born Latinos, particularly MA, may underlie the higher obesity rates seen in this population.Grant Funding Source: NIH CA109831‐01
Weight loss and dietary improvements following the Healthy Lifestyle Change Program, a community‐based intervention for adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Zeldin Ari Stefan , Shihady Ida R , Garro Nicole , Lehrer Danise , Eis Jean , Bazzano Lydia A , Bazzano Alicia T 
Published: June 2021

Objective:People with developmental disabilities (DD) are at high risk for obesity due to inactivity, poor diet and medication effects. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of an intervention designed for adults with DD on weight loss and dietary habits.Methods:A pre‐post test design was used to evaluate the Healthy Lifestyle Change Program (HLCP), a 7‐mo program to improve dietary habits and reduce obesity in adults with DD with BMI≥25. Forty‐five participants completed nutrition and exercise sessions twice weekly for 7 mos. Abdominal girth, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, weight satisfaction, weight and BMI were measured at baseline and 7 mos.Results:Two‐thirds of participants maintained or lost weight. Mean weight loss was 3 lbs (p=0.03) and BMI change was −0.5 (p=0.04). Abdominal girth decreased by a mean of 1 in. (p=0.005). An increase in weight satisfaction was reported by 43% (p=0.0001). Participants reported significantly improved diet. Water and nutrient‐dense food intake increased significantly (p<0.0001), while intake of energy‐dense snacks, fast foods and soda decreased. Nutrition knowledge improved on recommended servings of fruits, carbohydrates, whole grain products and risks of fried foods (p≤0.05)Conclusion:The HLCP is an effective strategy to improve dietary habits and knowledge and decrease abdominal girth and weight for adults with DD.Source of Support: CA Dept of Dev S vcs
Caveolin Inclusion Myopathy
Authors: Lach Boleslaw , Tarnopolsky Mark 
Published: June 2021

We previously reported a new, autosomal dominant or sporadic, proximal myopathy characterized by mild myalgias and muscle weakness, and the presence of intracytoplasmic, hexagonally cross‐linked tubular arrays in type 2 muscle fibres (Ann Neurol 45:512, 1999). We report the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of identical inclusions in another patient with an apparent sporadic form of the disease.This 45‐year old male underwent quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy for an upper extremity myalgias and CK activity found at 1,900 (N < 220 iU/L). He had no family history of muscle disease and parents were not consanguineous. Gomori stain revealed rod‐shaped intensely blue cytoplasmic inclusions in type 2 muscle fibres reminiscent of nemaline bodies. Inclusions were strongly positive for caveolin‐3 and negative for desmin, actin, myosin, vimentin, ubiquitin and components of sarcolemma. They displayed characteristic hexagonal crystalloid tubular arrays joined by double bridging arms and were not connected to cytoskeleton or any other organelles. The inclusions were very often surrounded by globular small structures measuring approximately 37 nm and reminiscent of caveolae. This is the first demonstration of chemical nature of the cytoplasmic inclusions in this condition. This disease is probably more common than reported, since the inclusions are very similar to nemaline bodies with light and electron microscopy, and misdiagnosed without grid tilting. At this point, it is not clear whether the underlying process is an excessive formation of caveolae or inability of cell to discharge or degrade caveolin, which conglomerate in the large intracytoplasmic masses.
The effects of non‐pressor and pressor doses of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on renal excretion and regional blood flow in rat kidneys
Authors: Dobrowolski Leszek , Navar L Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

While intrarenal administration of NO synthases inhibitors (NOSI) cause antinatriuresis, systemic infusion cause natriuresis (UNaV) which has been attributed to the associated increase in arterial pressure (AP). However, some studies show a time discrepancy between the rise in AP and UNaV. To evaluate the role of AP changes on renal function, the effects of L‐NAME (a nonselective NOSI), infused i.v., at non‐pressor (NPD, 5‐20 μg/kg/min) or pressor doses (PD, 50) were compared in anesthetized rats (n=12). UNaV was measured for 180 min together with inulin clearance (GFR) and renal cortical and medullary blood flows (CBF, MBF). The NPD increased UNaV after 150 min (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 μmol/min/g). The PD increased AP significantly after 30 min (115 ± 4 vs. 122 ± 4 mmHg), whereas UNaV increased after 60 min (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 μmol/min/g). GFR averaged 874 ± 44 μl/min/g and was not significantly altered by either NPD or PD. After 30 min of L‐NAME infusion, both NPD and PD reduced CBF and MBF. Moreover, the effects were dose related with CBF reduced by 17 ± 5% and 35 ± 6% and MBF by 27 ± 5% and 57 ± 7% for NPD and PD, respectively. Thus, NOSI effects on urinary sodium excretion effects are not directly related to changes in systemic arterial pressure and occur in presence of decreases in medullary and cortical blood flow.Supported by NHLBI Grant R01HL‐18426
NADPH Oxidase Activation by Excess Uric Acid in Vitro
Authors: Yu Xiaohan , Zhang Suhua , Huang Harer , Hintze Thomas H. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Uric acid is considered a major antioxidant thatmay protect against aging and oxidative stress. On the other hand, hyperuricemia induced alterations in oxidative homeostasis are commonly associated with increased risk for cardiovasculardisease and mortality. We hypothesized that acute elevated levels of uric acid induce O2− production by the activation of NADPH oxidase. Methods: SD male rats were divided into control(C) and Uric acid (UA) groups. The muscle tissues of left ventricle were incubated in Krebs solution without or with allopurinol, apocynin or tiron, 3mg/dL uric acid was placed in UA group, at 37°Cfor 1 h and bubbled continuously with 20% O2−5% CO2−75% N2. Results: NO‐dependent control of MVO2 stimulated by bradykinin or carbacholwas attenuated in UA (11.1% vs. 23.3% for BK; 13.2% vs. 20.9% for Cch). However, this was reversed by in the presence of apocynin (to 19.1% for BK; 19.6% for Cch) or tiron (to 20.6% for BK; 18.9% for Cch). It was not completely restored by allopurinol. Western blots of left ventricle showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the protein for p47 and nitrotyrosine (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively), but there was no difference in eNOS, xanthine oxidase, p38 kinase, gp91, p22, SOD1 and SOD2. Conclusions: NADPH Oxidase was stimulated in acute hyperuricemia through the activation of p47. NO was inactivated by an increase in O2− production.Supported by HL‐PO1‐43023 grant.
Effects of short and long‐term environmental air pollution exposure on antioxidant defense and sleep in adult mice
Authors: Abe Karina Camasmie , de Campos Brandão Letícia , Tufik Sérgio , Calegare Bruno Frederico Aguilar , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , D′Almeida Vânia 
Published: June 2021

It has largely been shown that air pollution can affect human health, but few studies have focused on effects on sleep parameters and antioxidant defense, aim of investigation of the present study. Male Swiss mice were placed in one of two chambers maintained inside them for 4 months until conception period. Mice were placed on the first chamber received air that had passed through an air filter (clean chamber) and the second received ambient air (polluted chamber), allowing us obtain groups with total exposure to air pollution, only gestational exposure and only gestational until weaning exposure. The experiments were carried out where the source of air pollution is predominantly automotive. Electrodes were implanted on animals permitting the assessment of the sleep–wake cycle. The activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes ‐ catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase ‐ were quantified. Differences on sleep parameters between groups were observed only in animals exposed all life on pollution and we observed a diminished in paradoxical sleep time when compared to control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the activity of all antioxidant enzymes, were decreased on mice exposed to air pollution during gestational period (p<0.05). The results suggest that air pollution could affect sleep parameters and was capable to decrease the erythrocyte antioxidant defense.Finacial support: AFIP, FAPESP, CNPq.
Educating the Next Generation of Scientists: Lessons Learned from 17 Years of ASPET SURF Support
Authors: Bender Carol 
Published: June 2021

The need for well‐trained scientists has never been greater. The biotechnology sector now accounts for more than a third of the world economy. What can be done to insure an adequate workforce?The University of Arizona has received support from ASPET for Institutional Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) since 1991. This presentation will describe how our undergraduate research program has evolved over the past seventeen years and will provide information on outcomes. Suggestions will be given for those who wish to initiate similar activities with undergraduate students.This work was funded by ASPET (no grant number).
Calpain involvement in monkey retinal cell damage due to hypoxia
Authors: Nakajima Emi , Shearer Thomas R. , Azuma Mitsuyoshi 
Published: June 2021

One of the leading causes of blindness is retinal damage caused by the high intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma. Previous studies in rats have suggested that the proteolytic enzyme calpain was involved in ganglion cells death during ischemia and acute high IOP. Glial cells are thought to protect neurons from various insults. For example, Müller cells, one type of glial cell in retina, are known to rescue ganglion cells from glutamate and NO neurotoxicities. The purpose of the present study using primate retina was to explain the role of calpains in hypoxic Müller cells. When dissociated cells from monkey retina were cultured for two weeks, Müller cells were observed with fewer photoreceptor cells, as identified by immunocytochemistry using vimentin and rhodopsin as markers. Under hypoxia, both types of cells were damaged, and a calpain‐specific α‐spectrin breakdown product (SBDP) was detected by immunocytochemistry. Activation of calpains 1 and 2, SBDP production and vimentin degradation were also observed by immunoblotting in hypoxic cells. When SNJ‐1945 calpain inhibitor was included during hypoxic culture, all the above changes were inhibited. The recovery of Müller cell damage by SNJ‐1945 might have important implications regarding amelioration of ganglion cell damage in glaucoma patients.Dr. Shearer receives consulting fees from, and Dr. Azuma is an employee of, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Pediatric residents‘ perceptions of barriers and needs for nutrition screening/counseling in well child visits
Authors: Lee Seung‐Yeon , Watkins Courtney , Gillengerten Rachele , Friedgen Shannon , McKinley Katie , Sigal Yakov , Hoerr Sharon 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to elucidate residents‘ perceptions of barriers and needs for nutrition screening and counseling in well child visits. In‐depth interviews (n=12) were conducted with residents in a well child teaching clinic. Interview items probed for the well child visit routine, importance of nutrition/diet information, guidelines used, and barriers to nutrition screening/counseling. Content analysis was conducted on transcripts from audiotapes and field notes. Most residents believed that nutrition is an important part of the well child visit, in order to detect nutrition problems early enough to address health and developmental issues and to provide essential nutrition information to caregivers. Residents used direct questions and discussion with caregivers to obtain nutrition/diet information about their children. Major barriers included time constraints, language barriers, and lack of the caregivers‘ knowledge and receptiveness. Most residents wanted to have more dietitians at the clinic, to have a questionnaire for nutrition screening and age specific handouts/visual aids in the waiting/exam room. These findings will be used to develop nutrition screening/counseling protocols and handouts to improve the efficacy of nutrition care services in well child visits.This study was supported by Families and Communities Together (FACT) Coalition at Michigan State University.
Evidence that alpha1A‐adrenoceptors control blood pressure in isolated rat mesenteric bed and their relationship with mRNA.
Authors: Martínez‐Salas Sergio Gabriel , Sánchez‐Monroy Virginia , Campos‐Peralta José Manuel , Lozano‐Trenado Maritza Lucila , Villalobos‐Molina Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Alpha1‐adrenoceptors participate in blood pressure control, where all three subtypes occur in blood vessels. However, it is known that one or two subtypes may be involved in arterial contraction. The aim of this work was to characterize the alpha1‐adrenoceptor subtype mediating muscular contraction in isolated mesenteric vascular bed and to determine the relative abundance of alpha1‐adrenoceptors mRNA.Eight week‐old, male Wistar rats were used in the study, after anesthesia mesenteric vascular bed was isolated and connected to a blood pressure transducer (BIOPAC). The tissue was perfused with Krebs solution and either A61603 or phenylephrine as alpha1‐adrenoceptor agonists and in the presence of alpha1‐adrenoceptor antagonists (RS100329, chloroethylclonidine and BMY 7378). In other set of experiments RNA from different regions of the mesenteric be was obtained and real time PCR. Results shown that alpha1A‐adrenoceptor subtype predominates for blood pressure control while alpha1D‐adrenoceptor mRNA predominates in distal and proximal regions of the arterial tree, while alpha1B‐ subtype was not modified. Data suggest a negative relationship between functional and molecular expression of alpha1‐adrenoceptors in rat mesenteric vascular bed. It will be interesting to measure alpha1‐adrenoceptor proteins to explain this apparent discrepancy.
Estrous cyclicity and the locomotor response to acute and repeated cocaine administration.
Authors: Lopez‐Ojeda Wilfredo , Welsh Matthew L. , Segarra Annabell C. 
Published: June 2021

Several studies have shown that gonadal hormones modulate the behavioral response to cocaine. In this study we examined if endogenous changes in sex steroids throughout the estrous cycle affect the locomotor response to repeated cocaine administration. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were cycled for 21 days. Rats then received a daily injection of saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg,i.p.) for 5 days, followed by 7 drug free days. A challenge injection of saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg,i.p.) was given on day 13. Behavioral activity was recorded on days 1, 5 and 13. Vaginal lavages were performed daily, and on days 1, 5 and 13, after behavioral testing.Cocaine increased horizontal activity and total distance traveled of drug naive female rats independent of the stage of the estrous cycle. A similar pattern was observed on day 5 of cocaine treatment. However, after 1 week of withdrawal, rats that were in estrous showed higher cocaine‐induced hyperactivity compared to females in proestrous or diestrous. If we compare cocaine‐induced hyperactivity of females at different stages of the estrous cycle we observe that only females in estrous show an increase from day 1 to day 13, indicating that females in estrous become sensitized to cocaine. These results are similar to those obtained by other groups. An unexpected finding was the shortening of the estrous cycle. In summary, we observed that the stage of the estrous cycle affects the locomotor response to repeated cocaine administration. These data may have implications in treatment strategies for female cocaine addicts.
Comparability testing of KRAS mutations and association with efficacy from a phase 3 randomized trial of panitumumab (pmab)
Authors: Patterson Scott D , Oliner Kelly , Freeman Daniel , Juan Todd , Wolf Michael , Sarosi Ildiko , Bakker Andreas , Van Cutsem Eric , Peeters Marc , Siena Salvatore , Reese David , Chang David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundKRAS mutation status is an important predictor of response to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.MethodsKRAS mutational status was tested on 40 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples (obtained through Asterand, Ltd. [USA]) in 4 independent commercial laboratories and by direct sequencing at Amgen. Kappa statistics (κ) were computed to compare the commercial test results to the sequencing results. Following this evaluation, HistoGeneX tested tumor samples from a randomized phase 3 trial of pmab in chemotherapy‐refractory metastatic CRC.ResultsAllele‐specific tests resulted in the highest correlation, κ=0.94 (Genzyme) and 0.90 (HistoGeneX), to the Amgen sequencing results. The direct sequencing Gentris test yielded κ=0.75. For these 3 tests, p<0.0001. Oligonucleotide hybridization (Invitek) yielded κ=0.13, p=0.3324. In the phase 3 trial, 184/427 (43%) of pts had tumors with mutant (MT) KRAS. Partial responses and stable disease, respectively, were observed in 17% and 46% of pts without MT KRAS vs 0% and 20% of pts with MT KRAS.ConclusionsAllele‐specific PCR‐based methods from Genzyme and HistoGeneX were comparable with the Amgen direct sequencing method and may be utilized as accurate, readily‐available tests for KRAS mutations. The DxS TheraScreen KRAS kit, employed by HistoGeneX, has also demonstrated utility in clinical trials.
Mirthful laughter, as adjunct therapy in diabetic care, increases HDL cholesterol and attenuates inflammatory cytokines and C‐RP and possible CVD risk
Authors: Berk Lee S , Tan Stanley 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCatecholamines are implicated in causing arrhythmias, hypertension, and MI reoccurrence. Mirthful laughter attenuates catecholamines. Inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐[alpha], IFN‐[gamma], and IL‐6 can accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Hs‐CRP is a risk marker for the inflammatory process and CVD. Mirthful laughter, by diminishing catecholamine production, can attenuate inflammatory cytokines and provide CVD protection.MethodsTwenty high risk diabetic patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia were age and sex matched and divided into Group C (control) and Group L (laughter). Group C received standard medication therapies for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Group L, additionally, viewed self‐selected humor 30 minutes daily. Blood was assessed at baseline and every 2 months, for 12 months, for plasma HDL‐cholesterol and inflammatory cytokines TNF‐[alpha], IFN‐[gamma], IL‐6, and hs‐CRP.ResultsCompared to Group C, the patients in Group L had by the 2nd month increased HDL cholesterol and by the 4th month decreased TNF‐[alpha], IFN‐[gamma], IL‐6, and hs‐CRP blood levels (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe addition of mirthful laughter as a preventive adjunct therapy in diabetes care raises HDL cholesterol levels and lowers inflammatory cytokines, and hs‐CRP levels. These modulation effects can contribute to lower CVD risk and fewer MI reoccurrence.
The influence of empirically derived dietary patterns on cognitive function in independent older adults depends on income and education: The NuAge Study
Authors: Parrott Matthew , Shatenstein B , Ferland G , Morais JA , Belleville S , Kergoat MJ , Payette H , Greenwood CE 
Published: June 2021

This study prospectively examined the relationships between global cognitive function (Modified Mini‐Mental State examination; 3MS) and dietary patterns derived from a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire by principal components analysis. Relationships were examined using linear mixed models in 1266 independent senior citizens assessed annually over 4 years. After adjustment for health and socioeconomic variables, higher adherence to a ‘prudent’ diet pattern associated with better overall 3MS performance (P=0.046) while greater adherence to a ‘Western’ diet pattern associated with poorer overall 3MS performance (P=0.018). Nevertheless, diet patterns interacted with either household income (P<0.01) or education (P<0.01) in fully adjusted models. Specifically, income was related to rate of cognitive decline only in participants with below median prudent pattern score (P=0.015) such that higher income protected against 3MS decline from baseline in this group. The negative impact of Western pattern score on overall 3MS performance was apparent in participants with below median education (P<0.01), but absent in those with above median education. These results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, and its proposed impact on cognitive performance in the elderly, suggesting that the influence of diet on cognition should be considered in this context. (CIHR)Grant Funding Source: CIHR