bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al2O3, CuO, and hybrid Al2O3–CuO as nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Farid , Abir Md Atrehar , Fuad Muhtasim , Akter Farhana , Bhowmik Palash K. , Alam Syed Bahauddin , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the authors study the impact of spherical dimple surfaces and nanofluid coolants on heat transfer and pressure drop. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of nanofluids with respect to different Reynolds numbers (Re) and nanoparticle compositions in dimpled channel flow. Water‐based nanofluids with , CuO, and –CuO nanoparticles are considered for this investigation with 1%, 2%, and 4% volume fraction for each nanofluid. The simulations are conducted at low Reynolds numbers varying from 500 to 1250, assuming constant and uniform heat flux. The effective properties of nanofluids are estimated using models proposed in the literature and are combined with the computational fluid dynamics solver ANSYS Fluent for the analysis. The results are discussed in terms of heat transfer coefficient, temperature distributions, pressure drop, Nusselt number, friction factors, and performance criterion for all the cases. For all cases of different nanoparticle compositions, the heat transfer coefficient was seen as 35%–46% higher for the dimpled channel in comparison with the smooth channel. Besides, it was observed that with increasing volume fraction, the values of heat transfer and pressure drop were increased. With a maximum of 25.18% increase in the thermal performance, the 1% /water was found to be the best performing nanofluid at Re = 500 in the dimpled channel flow.
Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate diagnosed incidentally with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: How can we detect prior to benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery?
Authors: Ohara Eiichiro , Aoki Hiroshi , Arakawa Yosuke , Kato Atsushi , Shibuya Rie , Ishidoya Shigeto 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionBasal cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare prostate malignancy. Its diagnosis and treatment have not been well established yet.Case presentationAn 80‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms. Ultrasonography showed enlarged prostate (41.3 cc) with mid‐lobe hypertrophy. His prostate‐specific antigen and testosterone levels were 0.437 ng/mL and 873 ng/dL, respectively. Histological examination of the enucleated tissue confirmed basal cell carcinoma. The cells were positive for bcl‐2, 34βE12, p63, and cytokeratin 5/6. Ki‐67 labeling index was 5%. Subsequent staging computed tomography scan and bone scintigram showed neither lymph node nor distant metastasis. Currently, the patient is under close follow‐up with imaging, endoscopy, and urodynamic study.ConclusionIt is difficult for physicians to detect prostate basal cell carcinoma before benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. In case of organ‐confined disease, age and Ki‐67 labeling index could be suggestive of subsequent treatment decision‐making.
A novel prognosis prediction model, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4, ischemia‐modified albumin, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and homocysteine, for ischemic stroke in the Chinese hypertensive population
Authors: Ma Jin , Shen Likui , Bao Lei , Yuan Hua , Wang Yingxin , Liu Hua , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is still a lack of tools to assess the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients induced by hypertension. In this study, we built a novel prognostic assessment model for ischemic stroke in the Chinese hypertensive population.MethodsMass spectrometry technique was used to analyze the changes in serum protein profiles of hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke. A total of 314 hypertensive patients were divided into the testing group (206 patients) and the validation group (108 patients).ResultsCompared with hypertensive patients without ischemic stroke, serum cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and homocysteine (HCY) levels were significantly increased among hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke (p < 0.05). Then, we built a novel prognostic assessment model for hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke [Logit(P) = 29.172–1.088*CTLA‐4–0.952*IMA‐0.537*Lp‐PLA2 −0.066*GFAP −0.149*HCY]. It showed higher efficiency (AUC = 0.981, sensitivity = 95.5%, specificity = 93.8%) than any single marker. The estimated probability was 0.739, which means if higher than 0.739, it was classified into poor prognosis. Compared with the estimated probability ≤0.739 group, the survival rate of hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke in the estimated probability >0.739 group was significantly decreased (χ2 = 40.001, p < 0.001). In the validation group, our novel prognostic assessment model still showed good efficiency (AUC = 0.969, sensitivity = 89.4%, specificity = 92.5%; χ2 = 47.551, p < 0.001).ConclusionCurrent novel prognostic assessment model we have built is of great value in the prognostic evaluation for ischemic stroke in the Chinese hypertensive population.
Combined fibrinogen‐to‐pre‐albumin ratio and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 score is a promising metric to predict progression of metastatic colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liao Yu‐Cui , Fu Ming , Wang Xue‐Feng , Cheng Xue‐Xin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation is a hallmark of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (CMA). Albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and fibrinogen‐to‐pre‐albumin ratio (FPR) were independent prognostic factors for many kinds of solid malignancies. However, the association between the inflammatory scores and progression of metastatic CMA remains unknown.MethodsPeripheral blood neutrophil count and circulating fibrinogen, albumin, and pre‐albumin levels were detected, and neutrophil‐to‐albumin ratio (NAR), neutrophil‐to‐pre‐albumin ratio(NPAR), AFR, and FPR were calculated in 42 metastatic MCA patients. Kaplan‐Meier curve, Cox regression, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (tdROC) were selected to investigate the prognostic utility of them in the patients.ResultsMetastatic CMA patients commonly occurred in middle‐younger patients (80.95%). NPAR (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=2.405, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.195–4.842) and FPR (plog‐rank=0.007, adjusted HR=2.364, 95% CI=1.203–4.645) were significantly associated with poor progression‐free survival in these patients. The prognostic prediction area under tdROC (AUROC) of FPR was significantly higher than that of NPAR(0.703 versus 0.537). Moreover, the patients with a high CA19‐9‐FPR score showed worse outcomes than those with the low score (plog‐rank<0.001, adjusted HR=7.273, 95% CI=2.721–19.435 for the score 1 versus 0). The prediction AUROC, sensitivity, and specificity of the score were 0.892 (0.788–0.996), 76.32%, and 100.00%, respectively, and its predicted efficacy was better than that of the single biomarkers.ConclusionThe combined CA19‐9‐FPR score is an economical, simple, effective, and independent prognostic factor for metastatic MCA.
Real‐World Evidence of Treatment, Tolerance, Healthcare Utilization, and Costs Among Postacute Care Adult Patients Receiving Enteral Peptide‐Based Diets in the United States
Authors: LaVallee Chris , Seelam Prafullakumar , Balakrishnan Santosh , Lowen Cynthia , Henrikson Aimee , Kesting Bill , Perugini Moreno , Araujo Torres Krysmaru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePeptide ‐based (PB) enteral tube feeding (ETF) formulas have been shown to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance in patients receiving enteral nutrition. However, limited data exist in relation to their use in the postacute/home care setting. We sought to assess the real‐world GI tolerance, healthcare utilization, and resource use costs of 100% whey‐protein PB ETF in adults in a postacute care setting and describe their demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics.MethodUsing medical claims data from the United States, we analyzed GI intolerance events occurring in adults receiving 100% whey‐protein PB ETF (Peptamen® adult formulas) for one year before and after initiation of ETF. Resource use costs were subsequently estimated using a multivariate general linearized model and adjusted for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.ResultsThe proportion of adults experiencing no GI intolerance events increased from 41% (418/1022) to 59% (601/1022) in the one‐year period after initiation of 100% whey PB ETF (P < .001). The proportion of patients with at least one hospital inpatient visit also decreased from 100% (1022/1022) to 72% (737/1022) over the same period, and the mean number of inpatient visits per patient decreased from 15.6 to 13.0. Cost modeling revealed that outpatient visits accounted for 42% ($1174/$2820) of total estimated healthcare resource costs in the first 30 days after 100% whey PB ETF initiation, with only 9% ($255/$2820) due to emergency room visits.ConclusionThese 100% whey‐protein PB ETF formulas are a valuable nutrition treatment option for patients with or at risk of malnutrition who show intolerance to standard ETF formulas and may reduce hospital inpatient visits and associated costs.
Nutrition in medical education in Latin America: Results of a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Cardenas Diana , Díaz Gustavo , Cadavid Jessika , Lipovestky Fernando , Canicoba Marisa , Sánchez Paola , Álvarez Ludwig , Duarte Yan , Reyes José Guillermo Gutiérrez , de Noyola Gilda Miranda , Maza Claudia , Porbén Sergio Santana , Bermúdez Charles Elleri , García Yawelida , Calvo Isabel , Arenas Humberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRationaleThe gap between the nutrition education provided to medical students and the nutrition competences and attitudes needed for doctors to provide effective nutrition care is a global concern. The goal of this study was to investigate the curricular content on nutrition education in Latin American medical schools and to evaluate the self‐perceived knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to nutrition practice of final‐year medical students.MethodsEighty‐five public and private medical schools from 17 Latin American countries were invited to participate in the study. Two close‐ended online questionnaires consisting of 25 and 43 questions were sent to medical school directors. Quantitative variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, mean ± standard deviation, medians, and ranges.ResultsA total of 22 (26%) medical school directors responded, of which 11 schools (50%) offered stand‐alone mandatory nutrition courses in preclinical and 8 (36%) in clinical years. The mean hours dedicated to nutrition education was 47 (range: 0–150). A total of 1530 of 1630 (94%) students from 12 countries responded. Students’ average age was 25 ± 3 years, and 59% were female. Most students agreed that improving patients’ health through nutrition (91%) is important and that nutrition counseling and assessment should be part of routine care provided by all physicians (89%), but they lack the level of education and training required to address nutrition‐related issues.ConclusionsPositive attitude and interest in nutrition among final‐year medical students is high, but nutrition education is not perceived as sufficient to adequately prepare doctors in the field of nutrition.
New results concerning the pedo‐ and chronostratigraphy of the loess–palaeosol sequence Attenfeld (Bavaria, Germany) derived from a multi‐methodological approach
Authors: Krauss Lydia , Klasen Nicole , Schulte Philipp , Lehmkuhl Frank 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTLoess–palaeosol sequences (LPS) represent important records of palaeoenvironmental dynamics throughout the Quaternary. During the Pleistocene's dry and cold phases, the Danube's riverbed was one of the major sources for loess sediments that built up LPS in southern Germany and southeastern Europe. Surprisingly, studies addressing Bavarian LPS along the Danube River often lack actuality. The Attenfeld site was one of them and is often cited as a typical LPS. Nevertheless, the site's previous interpretations are based on a few empirical data and field observations. Considering the site's closeness to the sediment's source area, the Alps, and the region's importance in Middle and Upper Palaeolithic migrational movements, those former renditions needed an evaluation. Therefore, we applied a multi‐proxy approach (including analyses of grain‐size distribution, element composition, and sediment colour attributes) combined with optically stimulated luminescence. Based on our findings, we conclude that the Attenfeld site's former interpretations might be too generalised. We identified units that were not mentioned by previous studies (e.g. Early Glacial dark greyish horizon). Field observations, sediment characteristics, and age estimates indicate sediment deposition of the dated units partly before MIS 4, which contrasts with previous interpretations. The results further demonstrate how sensitive LPS are to environmental settings and dynamics.
Carcinoma of Unknown Primary and the 8th Edition TNM Classification for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Boeker Robert , Stromberger Carmen , Heiland Max , Beck‐Broichsitter Benedicta , Hofmann Veit M. , Neumann Konrad , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Olze Heidi , Dommerich Steffen , Piwonski Iris , Coordes Annekatrin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveIn the 8th Edition TNM Classification for Head and Neck Cancer, the classification for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) changed in addition to oropharyngeal carcinomas. The current classification considers extranodal extension (ENE), determination of p16 (surrogate marker for human papillomavirus), and detection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the new classification on the prognosis of p16‐positive and p16‐negative CUP and the impact of EBV proof.MethodsClinical and pathological data from patients with CUP of the head and neck between 2009 and 2018 were evaluated. The 7th (UICC7) and 8th (UICC8) edition of the Union for International Cancer Control staging system were applied and compared.ResultsThere were 97 patients treated, 26.8% women and 73.2% men. The average age at initial diagnosis was 64.6 years. Of which, 58.8% had a documented history of smoking, 37.1% were positive for p16, 4.1% were positive for EBV, and 66% had ENE. Most of the patients were at stage III/IVa (78.4% according to UICC7). According to UICC8, p16+ patients were mainly at stage I (86.1%), and p16− at stage IVb (56.1%). P16 status (P = .002), ENE (P = .001), nodal category (TNM7, P < .001), UICC stage (TNM7, P < .001) and UICC stage (TNM8, P < .001) had a significant impact on survival in the univariate analysis. The 8th TNM classification resulted in a downstaging of p16‐positive CUP syndromes and an upstaging of p16‐negative syndromes.ConclusionThe 8th TNM classification shows the lower UICC stage in p16‐positive CUP syndromes. The prognostic significance for survival has improved from the 7th to the 8th TNM classification.Level of Evidence using the 2011 OCEBMLevel 3. Laryngoscope, 131:E2534–E2542, 2021
Subwavelength Broadband Photonic Spin Hall Devices via Optical Slot Antennas
Authors: He Axin , Xu Yi , Gao Baowei , Zhang Tongzhou , Zhang Jiasen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe photonic spin Hall effect, wherein left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized components can be separated during transportation after reflection or refraction by an optical interface through spin–orbit interaction, has gained increasing attention from the scientific and technological fields. Here, broadband subwavelength photonic spin Hall devices (PSHDs) are demonstrated on the basis of L‐shaped optical slot antennas. A basic PSHD comprises two L‐shaped slot antennas with a footprint size of 300 nm × 700 nm. The angle between the two radiation directions of the incident lights with different spins varies from 56° to 31° in the wavelength range of 750 to 850 nm. An array of antenna pairs is used to control radiation directions and improve the performance of the PSHDs. The proposed PSHDs are highly useful in integrated nanophotonic devices given their ultrasmall size, broadband response, and flexible design method.
Nonlinear Lithium Niobate Metasurfaces for Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Ma Junjun , Xie Fei , Chen Weijin , Chen Jiaxin , Wu Wei , Liu Wei , Chen Yuntian , Cai Wei , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) is a coherent nonlinear phenomenon that plays an important role in laser color conversion. Lithium niobate (LN), which features both a large band gap and outstanding second‐order nonlinearities, acts as an important optical material for nonlinear frequency conversion covering a wide spectral range from ultraviolet to mid‐infrared. Here, LN metasurfaces with controllable SHG properties are experimentally demonstrated. Distinct enhancements for the SHG efficiency are observed at Mie‐resonances. And by changing the geometric parameters, thus the resonances of the metasurfaces, the authors manage to selectively boost the SHG efficiency at different wavelengths. The results would pave a way for developing with high flexibility the novel compact nonlinear light sources for applications such as biosensing and optical communications.
Prenatal ultrasound findings in Koolen‐de Vries foetuses: Central nervous system anomalies are frequent markers of this syndrome
Authors: García‐Santiago Fe Amalia , Martínez‐Payo Cristina , Mansilla Elena , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Ruiz de Azua Ballesteros Miguel , Mori María Ángeles , Antolín Alvarado Eugenia , Nieto Yolanda , Vallcorba Isabel , Tenorio Jair , Nevado Julián , Lapunzina Pablo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePrenatal diagnoses of microdeletion syndromes without ultrasound findings in the first and second trimester are always difficult. The objective of this study is to report the prenatal ultrasound findings in four foetuses diagnosed with 17q21.31 microdeletions (Koolen‐de Vries syndrome) using chromosomal microarrays (CMA).Patients and MethodsWe present four foetuses with 17q21.31 microdeletion. All showed CNS anomalies in the third trimester, three had ventriculomegaly, and one hypogenesis of corpus callosum at 31 weeks of pregnancy.ResultsArray‐SNPs and CGH‐array were performed on uncultured amniocytes and peripheral blood revealing a 17q21.31 microdeletion.ConclusionsPrenatal CNS anomalies (mainly ventriculomegaly) at third trimester, in spite of isolate, should be considered a prenatal ultrasound marker of this syndrome. This kind of malformations raise the possibility of an underlying genetic conditions including 17q21.31 microdeletion; thus, CMA should be taken into consideration when offering prenatal genetic counselling.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma segmentation in PET‐CT images via hybrid learning for feature fusion
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Zhang Miao , Huang Xinyun , Xie Wei , Lin Xiaozhu , Zhao Weili , Li Biao , Qian Dahong 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive type of lymphoma with high mortality and poor prognosis that especially has a high incidence in Asia. Accurate segmentation of DLBCL lesions is crucial for clinical radiation therapy. However, manual delineation of DLBCL lesions is tedious and time‐consuming. Automatic segmentation provides an alternative solution but is difficult for diffuse lesions without the sufficient utilization of multimodality information. Our work is the first study focusing on positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET‐CT) feature fusion for the DLBCL segmentation issue. We aim to improve the fusion performance of complementary information contained in PET‐CT imaging with a hybrid learning module in the supervised convolutional neural network.MethodsFirst, two encoder branches extract single‐modality features, respectively. Next, the hybrid learning component utilizes them to generate spatial fusion maps which can quantify the contribution of complementary information. Such feature fusion maps are then concatenated with specific‐modality (i.e., PET and CT) feature maps to obtain a representation of the final fused feature maps in different scales. Finally, the reconstruction part of our network creates a prediction map of DLBCL lesions by integrating and up‐sampling the final fused feature maps from encoder blocks in different scales.ResultsThe ability of our method was evaluated to detect foreground and segment lesions in three independent body regions (nasopharynx, chest, and abdomen) of a set of 45 PET‐CT scans. Extensive ablation experiments compared our method to four baseline techniques for multimodality fusion (input‐level (IL) fusion, multichannel (MC) strategy, multibranch (MB) strategy, and quantitative weighting (QW) fusion). The results showed that our method achieved a high detection accuracy (99.63% in the nasopharynx, 99.51% in the chest, and 99.21% in the abdomen) and had the superiority in segmentation performance with the mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 73.03% and the modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) of 4.39 mm, when compared with the baselines (DSC: IL: 53.08%, MC: 63.59%, MB: 69.98%, and QW: 72.19%; MHD: IL: 12.16 mm, MC: 6.46 mm, MB: 4.83 mm, and QW: 4.89 mm).ConclusionsA promising segmentation method has been proposed for the challenging DLBCL lesions in PET‐CT images, which improves the understanding of complementary information by feature fusion and may guide clinical radiotherapy. The statistically significant analysis based on P‐value calculation has indicated a degree of significant difference between our proposed method and other baselines (almost metrics: P < 0.05). This is a preliminary research using a small sample size, and we will collect data continually to achieve the larger verification study.
Maxwell parallel imaging
Authors: Francavilla Matteo Alessandro , Lefkimmiatis Stamatios , Villena Jorge F. , G. Polimeridis Athanasios 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo develop a general framework for parallel imaging (PI) with the use of Maxwell regularization for the estimation of the sensitivity maps (SMs) and constrained optimization for the parameter‐free image reconstruction.Theory and MethodsCertain characteristics of both the SMs and the images are routinely used to regularize the otherwise ill‐posed optimization‐based joint reconstruction from highly accelerated PI data. In this paper, we rely on a fundamental property of SMs—they are solutions of Maxwell equations—we construct the subspace of all possible SM distributions supported in a given field‐of‐view, and we promote solutions of SMs that belong in this subspace. In addition, we propose a constrained optimization scheme for the image reconstruction, as a second step, once an accurate estimation of the SMs is available. The resulting method, dubbed Maxwell parallel imaging (MPI), works for both 2D and 3D, with Cartesian and radial trajectories, and minimal calibration signals.ResultsThe effectiveness of MPI is illustrated for various undersampling schemes, including radial, variable‐density Poisson‐disc, and Cartesian, and is compared against the state‐of‐the‐art PI methods. Finally, we include some numerical experiments that demonstrate the memory footprint reduction of the constructed Maxwell basis with the help of tensor decomposition, thus allowing the use of MPI for full 3D image reconstructions.ConclusionThe MPI framework provides a physics‐inspired optimization method for the accurate and efficient image reconstruction from arbitrary accelerated scans.