bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologically benign PI‐RADS 4 and 5 lesions contain cancer‐associated epigenetic alterations
Authors: Şeref Ceren , Acar Ömer , Kılıç Mert , Vural Metin , Sağlıcan Yeşim , Saraç Hilal , Coşkun Bilgen , İnce Ümit , Esen Tarık , Lack Nathan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer has improved with the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Yet, even with MRI‐guided biopsy 15%–35% of high‐risk lesions (Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System [PI‐RADS] 4 and 5) are histologically benign. It is unclear if these false positives are due to diagnostic/sampling errors or pathophysiological alterations. To better understand this, we tested histologically benign PI‐RAD 4 and 5 lesions for common malignant epigenetic alterations.Materials and MethodsMRI‐guided in‐bore biopsy samples were collected from 45 patients with PI‐RADS 4 (n = 31) or 5 (n = 14) lesions. Patients had a median clinical follow‐up of 3.8 years. High‐risk mpMRI patients were grouped based on their histology into biopsy positive for tumor (BPT; n = 28) or biopsy negative for tumor (BNT; n = 17). From these biopsy samples, DNA methylation of well‐known tumor suppressor genes (APC, GSTP1, and RARβ2) was quantified.ResultsSimilar to previous work we observed high rates of promoter methylation at GSTP1 (92.7%), RARβ2 (57.3%), and APC (37.8%) in malignant BPT samples but no methylation in benign TURP chips. Interestingly, similar to the malignant samples the BNT biopsies also had increased methylation at the promoter of GSTP1 (78.8%) and RARβ2 (34.6%). However, despite these epigenetic alterations none of these BNT patients developed prostate cancer, and those who underwent repeat mpMRI (n = 8) demonstrated either radiological regression or stability.ConclusionsHistologically benign PI‐RADS 4 and 5 lesions harbor prostate cancer‐associated epigenetic alterations.
Urine volume to hydration volume ratio is associated with pharmacokinetics of high‐dose methotrexate in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Isono Tetsuichiro , Hira Daiki , Morikochi Aya , Fukami Tadateru , Ueshima Satoshi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Terada Tomohiro , Morita Shin‐ya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX)‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but is associated with severe adverse effects, including myelosuppression and renal impairment. MTX is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Renal function calculated using serum creatinine (Scr) derived from muscle may be overestimated in elderly PCNSL patients. Therefore, we aimed to construct a population pharmacokinetic model in PCNSL patients and explore the factors associated with MTX clearance. Sixteen PCNSL patients (median age, 66 years) treated with HD‐MTX were included, and serum MTX concentrations were measured at 193 points in 49 courses. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted, in which serum MTX concentrations were stratified into three groups of creatine clearance (Ccr) (50, 75, and 100 ml/min) with three groups of the urine volume to hydration volume (UV/HV) ratio (<1, 1–2, and >2). The final model was constructed as follows: MTX clearance = 4.90·(Ccr/94.5)0.456·(UV/HV)0.458. In the Monte Carlo simulation, serum MTX concentrations were below the standard values (10, 1, and 0.1 µM at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, after the start of the MTX administration) in most patients with UV/HV >2, even with Ccr of 50 ml/min. Conversely, half of the patients with UV/HV <1 and Ccr of 50 ml/min failed to achieve the standard values. The present results demonstrated that the UV/HV ratio was useful for describing the pharmacokinetics of MTX in PCNSL patients.
Family change and variation through the lens of family configurations in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Castro Torres Andrés Felipe , Pesando Luca Maria , Kohler Hans‐Peter , Furstenberg Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing 254 Demographic and Health Surveys from 75 low‐ and middle‐income countries, this study shows how the joint examination of family characteristics across rural and urban areas provides new insights for understanding global family change. We operationalise this approach by building family configurations: a set of interrelated features that describe different patterns of family formation and structure. These features include partnership (marriage/unions) regimes and their stability, gender relations, household composition and reproduction. Factorial and clustering techniques allow us to summarise these family features into three factorial axes and six discrete family configurations. We provide an in‐depth description of these configurations, their spatial distribution and their changes over time. Global family change is uneven because it emerges from complex interplays between the relative steadiness of longstanding arrangements for forming families and organising gender relations, and the rapidly changing dynamics observed in the realms of fertility, contraception, and timing of family formation.
Gourava descriptors of multi‐dimensional flat and stable tri‐hexagonal boron nanotubes
Authors: Shaker Hani , Zobair Mian Muhammad , Mehmood Hafiz Muhammad Asif , Malik Mehar Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGourava indices of boron nanotubes (BNT) are used to study the physical and electronic properties of nano semiconductor devices. Gourava indices have an important role in the study of high thermal conductivity and nano‐scale mechanical properties of semiconductors. These indices are also used to study the applicability of BNTs in the field of energy storage, and biomedical medicines. Since BNT like carbon nanotubes have almost the same tubular structure obtained by replacing carbon atoms with boron atoms. Therefore, they require theoretical study to establish structural changes in BNTs. In this paper, we compute the first and second Gourava descriptors, first and second hyper Gourava descriptors, sum and product connectivity Gourava descriptors and general first and second Gourava descriptors for the tri‐hexagonal BNTs.
Recurrent training rejuvenates and enhances transcriptome and methylome responses in young and older human muscle
Authors: Blocquiaux Sara , Ramaekers Monique , Van Thienen Ruud , Nielens Henri , Delecluse Christophe , De Bock Katrien , Thomis Martine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe interaction between the muscle methylome and transcriptome is understudied during ageing and periods of resistance training in young, but especially older adults. More information is needed on the role of retained methylome training adaptations in muscle memory to understand muscle phenotypical and molecular restoration after inactivity or disuse.MethodsWe measured CpG methylation (microarray) and RNA expression (RNA sequencing) in young (n = 5; age = 22 ± 2 years) and older (n = 6; age = 65 ± 5 years) vastus lateralis muscle samples, taken at baseline, after 12 weeks of resistance training, after training interruption (2 weeks of leg immobilization in young men, 12 weeks of detraining in older men) and after 12 weeks of retraining to identify muscle memory‐related adaptations and rejuvenating effects of training.ResultsWe report that of the 427 differentially expressed genes with advanced age (FDR < 0.1), 71% contained differentially methylated (dm)CpGs in older versus young muscle (FDR < 0.1, M‐value difference >0.4). The more dmCpGs within a gene, the clearer the inverse methylation–expression relationship. Around 73% of the age‐related dmCpGs approached younger methylation levels when older muscle was trained for 12 weeks. A second resistance training period after training cessation increased the number of hypomethylated CpGs and upregulated genes in both young and older muscle. We found indication for an epi‐memory within pro‐proliferating AMOTL1 in young muscle and mechanosensing‐related VCL in older muscle. For the first time, we integrate muscle methylome and transcriptome data in relation to both ageing and training‐induced/inactivity‐induced responses and identify focal adhesion as an important pathway herein.ConclusionsThis preliminary evidence indicates that previously trained muscle is more responsive to training than untrained muscle at methylome and transcriptome level and recurrent resistance training can partially restore ageing‐induced methylome alterations.
A river of names: The multiple voices of an Innu Riverscape
Authors: Manikuakanishtiku  , Gagnon Justine , Desbiens Caroline , Kanapé Éric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUamashtakan. Tekuatepeliu. Manishtikaushipu. Uashaupishkau. Manikuakanishtiku. I am a river of names. Like countless waterways around the world, I have been given a single official denomination—Manicouagan—by the State through the colonial renaming of land. Though the word Manicouagan derives from the original language of my People, the Pessamiulnuat (Innus of Pessamit), it carries a very small piece of my whole history and speaks with a monolithic voice. As an ancestral route connecting families to their hunting territories, each of my swirls and back eddies has something to say, witnesses to a longstanding and ongoing narrative. Going back to the meanings, practices, stories, and values that some of my People's denominations still bear, I wish to make myself heard differently from the voices that are both theirs and mine.
Investigation and preliminary laboratory study on substrate preference of Schizothorax lantsangensis
Authors: Bai Yanqin , Lin Chenyu , Huang Xiaolong , Chen Li , Shi Xiaotao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe destruction of fish habitat is one of the most important factors in the decline of fish stocks. Substrate is a major component of fish habitat. We examined the substrate preferences of wild adult Schizothorax lantsangensis using both field investigation and laboratory experiments. Field investigation showed that the substrate of S. lantsangensis habitat in parts of the Lancang River consists mainly of sand, gravel, and pebbles. The substrate was categorized into six types according to the particle size using the modified Wentworth classification: sand and silt (diameter < 2 mm), gravel (diameter 2.1–16 mm), pebble (diameter 16.1–32 mm), cobble (diameter 32.1–64 mm), small boulder (diameter 64–128 mm), and boulder (diameter > 128 mm). The substrate preference of S. lantsangensis was determined in the laboratory, using a single factor test, by comparing the residence times of fish in each of six substrates during different time periods. The results showed that S. lantsangensis preferred pebble and cobble substrates. This study provides a reference for the creation of artificial substrate in habitat restoration in the Lancang River.
At the Heart of Optimal Reading Experiences: Cardiovascular Activity and Flow Experiences in Fiction Reading
Authors: Thissen Birte A. K. , Schlotz Wolff , Abel Cornelius , Scharinger Mathias , Frieler Klaus , Merrill Julia , Haider Thomas , Menninghaus Winfried 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFiction reading is a popular leisure activity associated with a variety of pleasurable experiences, including suspense, narrative transportation, and—as indicated by recent empirical studies—also flow. In the context of fiction reading, flow—generally defined as a pleasurable state of mind experienced during an optimally stimulating activity—is specifically related to an optimal balance between text‐driven challenges and the reader’s capabilities in constructing a mental story model. The experimental study reported here focused on the psychophysiological underpinnings of flow in the reading context. Cardiovascular data were collected from 84 participants both during a relaxation baseline prior to reading and during reading. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of three versions of a chapter from Homer’s Odyssey. According to statistical readability indices, these versions were low, intermediate, or high in readability, and hence in cognitive challenge. Flow was measured immediately after reading with a self‐report scale that was tailored to assess reading‐specific flow experiences. Regression analyses revealed that cardiovascular activation patterns measured before reading that are reflective of parasympathetic dominance—that is, an inner state associated with relaxation and cognitive fluency—moderated flow experiences during reading. In line with the stipulations of flow theory in regard to matching challenge levels being the key determinant for flow, this pattern supported subsequent flow experiences only in response to text versions of high or intermediate, but not of low cognitive challenge. Differences in cardiac vagal tone during reading were, however, not sensitive to our experimental modifications and not predictive of flow experiences.
Corporate social responsibility model for a competitive and resilient hospitality industry
Authors: Peña‐Miranda David Daniel , Guevara‐Plaza Antonio , Fraiz‐Brea José Antonio , Camilleri Mark Anthony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite there was significant increase in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature, in the last decade, little attention has been devoted to shed light on strategic CSR practices in the hospitality industry, especially in the context of developing countries. This paper uses a case‐study methodology to investigate the CSR practices of eight hotels in Santa Marta, Colombia. The results show that the hotel companies were implementing different CSR behaviors that can be classified as philanthropic‐reactive, legal‐reactive, and active groups. The findings revealed that their CSR activities were focused on adding value to their economic performance. This contribution implies that Individual improvement plans for each establishment and a CSR management model for the entire industry are proposed. The results have important theoretical and practical implications for academia and the hospitality industry. Future research should take into account more stakeholders and companies from other industries in the study area.
Propensity score methods for merging observational and experimental datasets
Authors: Rosenman Evan T. R. , Owen Art B. , Baiocchi Mike , Banack Hailey R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider how to merge a limited amount of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) into a much larger set of data from an observational data base (ODB), to estimate an average causal treatment effect. Our methods are based on stratification. The strata are defined in terms of effect moderators as well as propensity scores estimated in the ODB. Data from the RCT are placed into the strata they would have occupied, had they been in the ODB instead. We assume that treatment differences are comparable in the two data sources. Our first “spiked‐in” method simply inserts the RCT data into their corresponding ODB strata. We also consider a data‐driven convex combination of the ODB and RCT treatment effect estimates within each stratum. Using the delta method and simulations, we identify a bias problem with the spiked‐in estimator that is ameliorated by the convex combination estimator. We apply our methods to data from the Women's Health Initiative, a study of thousands of postmenopausal women which has both observational and experimental data on hormone therapy (HT). Using half of the RCT to define a gold standard, we find that a version of the spiked‐in estimator yields lower‐MSE estimates of the causal impact of HT on coronary heart disease than would be achieved using either a small RCT or the observational component on its own.
Catalytic Production of Methyl Lactate from Fructose‐Based Carbohydrates Using Yttrium Modified ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Ma Hao , Wen Yi , Yu Chenghua , Qiao Yanhui , Teng Junjiang , Ji Hongbing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA yttrium modified ZSM‐5 zeolite (Y‐ZSM‐5) for catalytic production of methyl lactate (MLA) has been prepared through the ion exchange of commercially available H‐ZSM‐5 with yttrium chloride (YCl3) and subsequent calcination procedures. The successful preparation of Y‐ZSM‐5 was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurement (BET method). The acid property of Y‐ZSM‐5 was investigated through NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), and pyridine adsorption Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (Py‐IR), demonstrating the introduction of Y3+ species could enhance the acid sites of zeolite. The as‐prepared Y‐ZSM‐5 is an efficient catalyst for the catalytic conversion of fructose‐based carbohydrates into methyl lactate (MLA). Under the optimum conditions, 61.3 % of MLA yield can be afforded from fructose. Furthermore, sucrose and inulin could give 39.6 % and 45.6 % of MLA yield, respectively. Meanwhile, the Y‐ZSM‐5 is structurally stable and reusable, after being recycled 5 times, the catalyst showed no appreciable loss of activity.
Study of the Relationship between Synthesis Descriptors and the Type of Zeolite Phase Formed in ZSM‐43 Synthesis by Using Machine Learning
Authors: Raman Ganesan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmall‐pore zeolites possess pores that are constructed of eight tetrahedral atoms. ZSM‐43 is a small‐pore zeolite with two‐dimensional eight‐ring channels. The preparation of ZSM‐43 is influenced by the molar concentration of hydroxide ions, choline based organic structure‐directing agents (OSDA) and inorganic structure‐directing agents (ISDA) such as sodium, potassium and cesium. The synthetic conditions yield a range of products such as ZSM‐43, amorphous, UZM‐15, and other zeolites. There is a significant challenge in relating synthetic descriptors to their implications in zeolite phase formation. As a proof‐of‐concept study, we correlated the type of product formed with the gel molar composition in complex ZSM‐43 synthesis using machine learning algorithms. Seven different supervised machine learning algorithms have demonstrated an accuracy of >95 percent and an F1 score of >95 percent. The decision tree algorithm (DT) demonstrates the relationship between what type of phase is produced by what concentration of ISDA and hydroxide ions, as well as the effects of changing these parameters on phase transformation. DT provides structural and physicochemical insights into zeolite chemistry. From the experimental data of ZSM‐43, it is difficult to obtain detailed information regarding the chemistry of all phase formations. However, machine learning algorithms aid in recognizing hidden patterns in the data, facilitating deeper understanding of zeolite chemistry and phase transformations.
A Novel Cascade Nanoreactor Integrating Two‐Dimensional Pd‐Ru Nanozyme, Uricase and Red Blood Cell Membrane for Highly Efficient Hyperuricemia Treatment
Authors: Ming Jiang , Zhu Tianbao , Li Jingchao , Ye Zichen , Shi Changrong , Guo Zhide , Wang Jingjuan , Chen Xiaolan , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanozyme‐based cascade reaction has emerged as an effective strategy for disease treatment because of its high efficiency and low side effects. Herein, a new and highly active two‐dimensional Pd‐Ru nanozyme is prepared and then integrated with uricase and red blood cell (RBC) membrane to fabricate a tandem nanoreactor, Pd‐Ru/Uricase@RBC, for hyperuricemia treatment. The designed Pd‐Ru/Uricase@RBC nanoreactor displayed not only good stability against extreme pH, temperature and proteolytic degradation, but also long circulation half‐life and excellent safety. The nanoreactor can effectively degrade UA by uricase to allantoin and H2O2 and remove H2O2 by using Pd‐Ru nanosheets (NSs) with the catalase (CAT)‐like activity. More importantly, the finally produced O2 from H2O2 decomposition can in turn facilitate the catalytic oxidation of UA, as the degradation of UA is an O2 consumption process. By integrating the high‐efficiency enzymatic activity, long circulation capability, and good biocompatibility, the designed Pd‐Ru/Uricase@RBC can effectively and safely treat hyperuricemia without side effects. The study affords a new alternative for the exploration of clinical treatment of hyperuricemia.
Chiral Nematic Coatings Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Multiplexing Platform for Humidity Sensing and Dual Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Guomin , Huang Yanping , Mei Changtong , Zhai Shengcheng , Xuan Yan , Liu Zhipeng , Pan Mingzhu , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe need for a precise regulation of the properties of chiral nematic structures in response to external stimuli is addressed. Self‐assembled iridescent coatings are produced under the effect of electrostatic interactions between cellulose nanocrystals and poly(acrylic acid), endowing a high anisotropic dissymmetry (>0.3) and sensitivity to environmental humidity (13.1 nm/1% at 68–75% relative humidity, RH). The phenomena associated with shifts in selective light reflection (green to orange) and polarization, facilitate tunable transmitted colors (blue to orange) at given rotation angles (RA). Such properties are conveniently integrated into a “RH‐RA‐color” ternary code that is introduced as an anticounterfeiting technology, taking advantage of multicolor patterns that conveniently track with changes in RH and RA. The proposed charge‐driven assembly opens new opportunities for chiral nematic materials that enable precise optical sensing and information encryption.
Recent Advances in Pyroelectric Materials and Applications
Authors: Zhang Ding , Wu Heting , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs one important subclass of piezoelectric materials, pyroelectric materials have caused increasing attention owing to the unique pyroelectric effect induced by spontaneous polarization, showing broad promising application prospects due to various electrical responses induced by time‐dependent temperature variation. This review systematically introduces the pyroelectric effect and evaluation of pyroelectric materials and follows by analyzing and concluding the novel properties corresponding to four kinds of main pyroelectric materials. The emphasis of this review focuses on several significant and practical applications of pyroelectric materials in thermal energy harvesting from the external environment, pyroelectric sensing, and imaging, even some electrochemical applications including hydrogen generation, wastewater treatment, sterilization, and disinfection. Finally, the development direction of pyroelectric materials, potential challenges and opportunities in the future are all discussed and proposed. Through systematical conclusion and analysis of the latest research progress in the recent two decades, this review may provide significant guide and inspiration in the development of pyroelectric materials.