bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct zirconU–Pbevidence forpre‐Himalayan HTmetamorphism in the Higher Himalayan Crystallines, eastern Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Prabha Mohan Shashank , Williams Ian S. , Singh Sandeep 
Published: October 2021

The high‐grade Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC), located between the South Tibetan Detachment System and Main Central Thrust in the collision zone between the Indo‐Australian and Eurasian plates, have been subject to at least four significant phases of deformation and metamorphism. The earliest of those significantly predates the Cenozoic continent‐continent collision, but has been difficult to date isotopically because of later overprinting. Migmatitic paragneiss from the Badrinath Formation in the Dhauliganga Valley, northern Uttarakhand, some of the highest‐grade rocks in the HHC, preserves direct evidence of mid‐Ordovician metamorphism in the form of 465.8 ± 6.4 Ma zircon overgrowths with extremely low Th/U (0.0038–0.0074). The overgrowths have formed on ca. 2.63–0.71 Ga detrital zircon cores and are themselves overgrown by two generations of Miocene metamorphic zircon with mean Pb/U ages of ca. 21.5 and 18.2 Ma. Monazite from the same sample has a mean Pb/Th age of 19.4 ± 0.2 Ma. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the monazite (δ18O: 7.69 ± 0.08‰) and youngest zircon overgrowths (δ18O: 7.95 ± 0.12, 8.24 ± 0.09‰) are consistent with mineral growth in a metasediment, but either of the two minerals did not grow in isotopic equilibrium with each other, or the original composition of the monazite has not been preserved. If the quartz (δ18O: 13.29 ± 0.11‰) equilibrated with the youngest zircon and its composition has been preserved, then the last episode of zircon growth took place at low temperature, ca. 420°C, after the migmatization. The protolith of the Badrinath migmatite was a Neoproterozoic or Early Palaeozoic metasediment partially melted (and probably migmatized) in the Middle Ordovician. The strong planar foliation currently present in the migmatite is probably the result of mid‐crustal extrusional channel flow and HT decompressional partial melting in the Miocene.
Photocatalysis in Chemical Biology: Extending the Scope of Optochemical Control and Towards New Frontiers in Semisynthetic Bioconjugates and Biocatalysis
Authors: Liu Weilong , Watson Emma E. , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomedical research has been empowered by tools that enable spatial and temporal control of biological systems. These have predominantly come from photocaged bioactive molecules (optochemical control; N. Ankenbruck, T. Courtney, Y. Naro, A. Deiters,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2018,57, 2768–2798) and light‐dependent proteins (optogenetic control; L. Fenno, O. Yizhar, K. Deisseroth,Annu. Rev. Neurosci.2011,34, 389–412). Recent advances in photocatalysis offer the opportunity to amplify these strategies by providing new dimension of biorthogonality. Photocatalysis also empowers bioconjugation with unprecedented reactivities enabling new crosslinking chemistry or biomolecule functionalization, while merging photocatalysis with biocatalysis extends the scope of both of these powerful classes of transformation.
Molecular Diagnoses of X-Linked and Other Genetic Hypophosphatemias: Results From a Sponsored Genetic Testing Program
Authors: Rush Eric T. , Johnson Britt , Aradhya Swaroop , Beltran Daniel , Bristow Sara L. , Eisenbeis Scott , Guerra Norma E. , Krolczyk Stan , Miller Nicole , Morales Ana , Ramesan Prameela , Sarafrazi Soodabeh , Truty Rebecca , Dahir Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, affects both sexes of all ages and results in elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and below-normal serum phosphate. In XLH, rickets, osteomalacia, short stature, and lower limb deformity may be present with muscle pain and/or weakness/fatigue, bone pain, joint pain/stiffness, hearing difficulty, enthesopathy, osteoarthritis, and dental abscesses. Invitae and Ultragenyx collaborated to provide a no-charge sponsored testing program using a 13-gene next-generation sequencing panel to confirm clinical XLH or aid diagnosis of suspected XLH/other genetic hypophosphatemia. Individuals aged ≥6 months with clinical XLH or suspected genetic hypophosphatemia were eligible. Of 831 unrelated individuals tested between February 2019 and June 2020 in this cross-sectional study, 519 (62.5%) individuals had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in PHEX (PHEX-positive). Among the 312 PHEX-negative individuals, 38 received molecular diagnoses in other genes, including ALPL, CYP27B1, ENPP1, and FGF23; the remaining 274 did not have a molecular diagnosis. Among 319 patients with a provider-reported clinical diagnosis of XLH, 88.7% (n = 283) had a reportable PHEX variant; 81.5% (n = 260) were PHEX-positive. The most common variant among PHEX-positive individuals was an allele with both the gain of exons 13–15 and c.*231A&gt;G (3′UTR variant) (n = 66/519). Importantly, over 80% of copy number variants would have been missed by traditional microarray analysis. A positive molecular diagnosis in 41 probands (4.9%; 29 PHEX positive, 12 non-PHEX positive) resulted in at least one family member receiving family testing. Additional clinical or family member information resulted in variant(s) of uncertain significance (VUS) reclassification to pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) in 48 individuals, highlighting the importance of segregation and clinical data. In one of the largest XLH genetic studies to date, 65 novel PHEX variants were identified and a high XLH diagnostic yield demonstrated broad insight into the genetic basis of XLH. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Reversed diastolic flow in a renal transplant due to ureteric obstruction from intraluminal blood clot
Authors: Patel Arbaaz , Sener Alp , Lee Stefanie Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReversal of arterial diastolic flow is commonly considered a sign of transplant renal vein thrombosis until proven otherwise, with the differential including acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and perirenal hematoma. We discuss a case of a patient who presented with decreased urine output on the second postoperative day following living unrelated kidney transplantation. Doppler ultrasound was performed and demonstrated reversal of diastolic flow in the transplant renal artery. Prompt surgical exploration revealed intraluminal blood clot obstructing the ureter. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of reversed diastolic flow secondary to ureteral obstruction by an intraluminal blood clot.
Effect of environment and field management strategies on phenolic acid profiles of hard red winter wheat genotypes
Authors: Tian Wenfei , Jaenisch Brent , Gui Yijie , Hu Ruijia , Chen Gengjun , Lollato Romulo P , Li Yonghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntegrated wheat management strategies can affect grain yield and flour end‐use properties. However, the effect of integrated management and its interaction with environmental factors on the phenolic acid profiles of wheat has not been reported. The phenolic acid profile has become another parameter for the evaluation of wheat quality due to its potential health benefits.RESULTSYear × location × management and year × management × genotype interactions were significant for the total phenolic content (TPC) of wheat samples. The year × location × management × genotype interaction was significant for the concentration of trans‐ferulic acid and several other phenolic acids. Field management practices with no fungicide application (e.g., farmer's practice, enhanced fertility) may lead to increased accumulation of phenolic compounds, especially for WB4458, which is more susceptible to fungi infection. However, this effect was also related to growing year and location. Higher soil nitrogen content at sowing also seems to affect the TPC and phenolic acid concentration positively.CONCLUSIONWheat phenolic acid profiles are affected by genotype, field management, environment, and their interactions. Intensified field management, in particular, may lead to decreased concentration of wheat phytochemicals. The level of naturally occurring nitrogen in the soil may also affect the accumulation of wheat phytochemicals. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Liquid Crystalline Hydrogel with Thermally Induced Reversible Shape Change and Water‐Triggered Shape Memory
Authors: Chen Yiming , Yin Lu , Ge Feijie , Tong Xia , Zhang Hongji , Zhao Yue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiquid crystalline hydrogel (LCH) is synthesized through simultaneous polymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in an oil‐in‐water emulsion, resulting in phase‐separated liquid crystalline network (LCN) embedded in a hydrogel matrix. This material features some properties and functions of both LCN and hydrogel, displaying stable LC phase over repeated hydration and dehydration cycles of the hydrogel matrix. Using mechanically stretched and photocrosslinked LCH, the thermally induced LC‐isotropic phase transition in LCN domains can be translated into reversible macroscopic deformation of the LCH. Moreover, the LCH exhibits water absorption‐controlled shape memory effect.
External waveguide magnetic resonance imaging for lower limbs at 3 T
Authors: Vazquez F. , Marrufo O. , Solis‐Najera S. E. , Martin R. , Rodriguez A. O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose. We report a method based on the traveling‐wave MRI approach, in order to acquire images of human lower limbs with an external waveguide at 3 T.Methods. We use a parallel‐plate waveguide and an RF surface coil for reception, while a whole‐body birdcage is used for transmission. The waveguide and the surface coil are located right outside the magnet, in the magnetic resonance (MR) conditional devices zone. We ran numerical simulations to investigate the field generated by the surface coil located at one of the waveguides, as well as a saline‐solution phantom positioned on the opposite side (150 cm away) inside the magnet.Results. We obtained phantom images by varying the distance between the coil and the phantom, in order to investigate the signal‐to‐noise ratio and to validate our numerical simulations. Lower limb images of a healthy volunteer were also acquired, demonstrating the viability of this approach. Standard pulse sequences were used and no physical modifications were made to the MR imager.Conclusions. These numerical and experimental results show that traveling‐wave MRI can produce high‐quality images with only a simple waveguide and an RF coil located outside the magnet. This can be particularly favorable when acquiring images of lower limbs requiring a larger field of view.
A boundary density evolutionary topology optimization of continuum structures with smooth boundaries
Authors: Li Xueping , Qin Chuhao , Wei Peng , Su Cheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the variable density method, this article proposes a boundary density evolutionary topology optimization method. The method uses a material interpolation model without penalization. Combined with the density grading filtering method, an optimal topology with only 0/1 cells can be obtained. Compared with the solid isotropic microstructures with penalization method (SIMP), no penalty factor is required in the material interpolation model; compared with the evolutionary structural optimization method (ESO), intermediate‐density elements are allowed in the optimization process, but the concept of gradually removing the low‐utilization materials near the boundary in the ESO method is retained. After the optimal result is obtained, the structural boundary element is processed by the level set of nodal strain energy, and the optimization result with smooth boundaries similar to the level set method (LSM) can be obtained. The proposed method has the superiority of the variable density method, and it also combines the advantages of the evolutionary method and the level set method, so which is named as boundary density evolution (BDE) method. The four static and one dynamic optimization examples illustrate the stability and efficiency of the proposed method.
Insights from tissue “omics” analysis on intestinal remodeling in celiac disease
Authors: Stamnaes Jorunn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCeliac disease (CeD) is a prevalent intestinal disorder that only develops in genetically susceptible individuals when they mount a harmful CD4+ T‐cell response towards gluten peptides. Intake of gluten leads to inflammation and remodeling of the small intestine with symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. The only current treatment is a lifelong gluten free diet. The immunological basis for CeD is well characterized but the mechanisms that drive intestinal remodeling are still poorly understood. Transcriptome or proteome analysis of intestinal biopsies gives a global snapshot of all processes that occur in the tissue, including alterations in the epithelial cell layer. This paper will introduce concepts of intestinal remodeling, recapitulate the current understanding of CeD pathogenesis and discuss findings from relevant tissue “omics” studies. On the basis of this review, I give perspectives on what tissue “omics” studies can tell us about disease pathogenesis with a particular focus on the gluten induced intestinal remodeling.
Gurney Equation Change for the Symmetric Sandwich
Authors: Souers P. Clark , Lauderbach Lisa , Moua Konmeng , Haylett Dan , Davidson Scott , Pease Steven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSixteen symmetric sandwiches of explosive/copper have been fired. The traditional Gurney equation for energy density is found to be 3–8 % low compared to Cylinder test results. The suggestion is made to divide the Gurney energy by the square of the cosine of the edge angle caused by the fanning out of the metal. This introduces a fundamental correction to the Gurney equation for the unidirectional nature of detonation.
DSLs and Middleware Platforms in a Model-Driven Development Approach for Secure Predictive Maintenance Systems in Smart Factories
Authors: John Jobish , Ghosal Amrita , Margaria Tiziana , Pesch Dirk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn many industries, traditional automation systems (operating technology) such as PLCs are being replaced with modern, networked ICT-based systems as part of a drive towards the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The intention behind this is to use more cost-effective, open platforms that also integrate better with an organisation’s information technology (IT) systems. In order to deal with heterogeneity in these systems, middleware platforms such as EdgeX Foundry, IoTivity, FI-WARE for Internet of Things (IoT) systems are under development that provide integration and try to overcome interoperability issues between devices of different standards. In this paper, we consider the EdgeX Foundry IIoT middleware platform as a transformation engine between field devices and enterprise applications. We also consider security as a critical element in this and discuss how to prevent or mitigate the possibility of several security risks. Here we address secure data access control by introducing a declarative policy layer implementable using Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE). Finally, we tackle the interoperability challenge at the application layer by connecting EdgeX with DIME, a model-driven/low-code application development platform that provides methods and techniques for systematic integration based on layered Domain-Specific Languages (DSL). Here, EdgeX services are accessed through a Native DSL, and the application logic is designed in the DIME Language DSL, lifting middleware development/configuration to a DSL abstraction level. Through the use of DSLs, this approach covers the integration space domain by domain, technology by technology, and is thus highly generalizable and reusable. We validate our approach with an example IIoT use case in smart manufacturing.
Daten teilen für die Forschung: Einstellungen und Perspektiven zur Datenspende in Deutschland
Authors: Lesch Wiebke , Richter Gesine , Semler Sebastian C. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungBei jedem Arztbesuch oder Krankhausaufenthalt fallen Gesundheitsdaten an. Wenn man diese Daten nutzen könnte, um Krankheiten zu erforschen, neue Therapien zu entwickeln oder den Versorgungsbedarf zu ermitteln, würde das ein enormes Potenzial zur Verbesserung unserer Gesundheitsversorgung erschließen. Doch die Nutzung der Gesundheitsdaten scheitert derzeit unter anderem noch an uneinheitlichen Datenformaten und fehlender Interoperabilität. Um das zu ändern werden in vielen Ländern Europas Initiativen angestoßen, die medizinische Behandlungsdaten der Bürger im Rahmen einer Sekundärdatennutzung digital verfügbar machen sollen. Das Potenzial ist enorm: Wenn es gelingt, Gesundheitsdaten national und international zu nutzen, dann lassen sich damit vielversprechende wissenschaftliche Analysen sowie Big Data- und KI-Anwendungen für den medizinischen Fortschritt generieren. Der wissenschaftliche und ökonomische Fortschritt und das Wohlergehen unserer Gesellschaften hängen entscheidend von unserem Umgang mit Daten ab. Dabei sind regulatorische, ethische und soziale Dimensionen bei der Auseinandersetzung mit der Zukunft der datenreichen Medizin untrennbar miteinander verwoben. Nicht zuletzt stellt das öffentliche Vertrauen eine wichtige Grundvoraussetzung dar, wenn der Schritt in das digitale Zeitalter der Gesundheitsforschung gelingen soll. Um das Vertrauen und die Bereitschaft der deutschen Bevölkerung in die Forschungsdatennutzung zu evaluieren, hat die TMF e. V. eine deutschlandweite repräsentative Befragung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe Bereitschaft für eine Forschungsdatenspende auf. Diese ist jedoch an bestimmte Erwartungen seitens der Datenspenderinnen und Datenspender geknüpft.
Personenbezogene Daten im Kontext biomedizinischer Sekundärforschungsnutzung
Authors: Spitz Markus , Cornelius Kai 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungBevor die datenschutzrechtlichen Anforderungen an die Datenverarbeitung von klinischen Daten zu Forschungszwecken untersucht werden können, muss der Anwendungsbereich des Datenschutzrechts eröffnet sein. Dies ist nur bei Vorliegen personenbezogener Daten der Fall. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen die personenbezogenen Daten und die verbundenen Konzepte der Anonymisierung und Pseudonymisierung näher untersucht werden. Die Frage nach Identifizierbarkeit und faktischer Anonymität stellt sich in der medizinischen Forschung wegen regelmäßig genutzter Pseudonymisierung, oft auch kombiniert mit zwischengeschalteten Datentreuhandstellen. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob trotz organisatorischer Trennung von Zusatzwissen (wie dem Pseudonymisierungsschlüssel) dem Forscher dieses Wissen als eigenes zuzurechnen ist und ihn aus diesem Grund datenschutzrechtliche Pflichten treffen. Zudem stellt sich die praktische Frage, ob (vertragliche) Maßnahmen zwischen Forscher und primär datenerhebender Stelle eine solche Zurechnung verhindern können.
A Temporally Varied Rainfall Simulator for Flash Flood Studies
Authors: Banihabib Mohammad Ebrahim , Vaziri Bahman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExperimental studies of flash floods require rainfall simulations. For this reason, various rainfall simulators have been designed, built, and employed in previous studies. These previous rainfall simulators have provided good simulations of constant rainfall intensities; however, these simulators cannot generate temporally varied rainstorms. Thus, the effect of the temporal distribution of a rainstorm on flash flooding cannot be studied using current rainfall simulators. To achieve accurate and reliable results in flash flood studies, simulating rainstorms that are similar to natural precipitation events is essential, and natural rainfall varies temporally. Thus, a rainstorm simulator was designed and built using cascading tanks to generate rainstorm hyetographs that cannot be obtained using traditional rainfall simulators. The result of the rainstorm generated by the proposed instrument and its numerical model showed that the instrument can simulate the temporal distributions of rainstorms with an accuracy of 95 percent. Consequently, the proposed instrument and its numerical model can be applied for generating artificial rainstorm hyetographs in experimental and field studies of flash floods.
Flash Flood Modeling and Mitigation in Arid and Semiarid Basins: Case Studies from Oman and Brazil
Authors: Saber Mohamed , Kantoush Sameh A. , Abdel-Fattah Mohammed , Sumi Tetsuya , Moya Jose Andres , Abdrabo Karim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe behaviors and impacts of flash floods (FF) are different based on the climatic regions. To understand such difference, two case studies were selected for the analysis: Wadi Uday, Oman and Sume Basin, Paraiba, Brazil. The rainfall-runoff inundation model (RRI) was used to simulate the discharge and flood inundation of the recent flood events to understand the severity and frequency of flash floods to better assess the current mitigation measures. The current FF situations in arid and semiarid basins were analyzed, and the hazards associated with flood phenomenon were assessed for various calculated rainfall return periods using RRI model. To this end, a flash flood index (average water depth per total basin area) was calculated as a basis to understand the impact of flash floods. A coupling of this index with the FF histories was included to provide a comprehensive overview of the FF vulnerability of arid and semiarid basins. We concluded that FFs tend to be more severe and extreme in arid regions than in semiarid regions, despite the lower frequency of FFs and the water scarcity in arid regions. Distributed dams also proved to be more effective in preventing FFs in arid regions than in semiarid regions.
Assessment of Exposure to Flash Flooding in an Arid Environment: A Case Study of the Jeddah City Neighborhood Abruq Ar Rughamah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Saeed , Mills Gerald 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn arid areas, flash floods represent one of the most severe hazards for people and infrastructure alike. The associated risks are compounded by increasing exposure and vulnerability through rapid and unregulated urbanization, poor infrastructure, and sociocultural factors, among other elements. This research explores the flash flooding risk in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah with a particular focus on the Abruq Ar Rughamah neighborhood, which experienced a destructive flood in November 2009 that resulted in 116 deaths and 1,200 families becoming homeless. The neighborhood is an interesting case study as it has two distinctive urban layouts representing planned and irregular settlement types. In this paper, the focus is placed on exposure to flash flood hazards using a geographic information system to study urban layouts, building types, and resident populations in conjunction with data from satellites, flood mapping studies, and topographic data. The results show that most of the study area is located along a natural flood path. The regions that were affected by the 2009 disaster received no comprehensive site rehabilitation. This paper concludes that it is important to develop a risk management strategy that includes limiting urban expansion in flood-prone areas and redesigning neighborhoods to increase flood resilience.