bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health status and microbial load of Streptococcus mutans in children with Cerebral palsy in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi
Authors: Kaushal Drishti , Kalra Namita , Khatri Amit , Tyagi Rishi , Singh NP , Aggarwal Anju , Saha Rumpa 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a childhood debilitating condition which impairs the physical and mental ability of an individual to maintain oral health.

Aim:
The objective of the present study was assessment of dental neglect and burden of treatment needs of children affected with CP as compared to normal children in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Settings and Design:
A sample size of 104 children of age group of 6–14 years was selected, in which 52 children of CP (case group) and 52 normal school children (control group) were recruited.

Materials and Methods:
Children from both groups were examined, and calculation of drug master files (DMFS), defs, oral hygiene index (OHI), and gingival index was done. The presence of trauma and malocclusion was assessed. Present caries activity was assessed by the level of Streptococcus mutans present in saliva in both groups. Treatment needs were then assessed based on intraoral findings.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Student's t-test and nonparametric statistical tests such as Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test were used as per the nature of variables studied for statistical analysis with the level of significance denoted at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean DMFS, gingival index, OHI, and treatment needs were observed to be higher in the CP group. Increased S. mutans levels were observed in saliva of CP patients. Defs score, trauma, and malocclusion were not statistically significantly higher in CP group as compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Cerebral palsy group had a poor oral and gingival health, a higher DMFT and burden of treatment needs and an increased risk of further caries progression due to high caries activity indicated by increased level of salivary Streptococcus mutans than the control group.
Evaluation of stress in three different fiber posts with two-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Patil Dharmaraj Basavaraj , Reddy E Rajendra , Rani S Thabitha , Kadge Snehal Shivraj , Patil Sheetal D , Madki Pooja 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The primary function of corono-radicular post is to provide retention for the core and to reinforce and to replace the remaining coronal tooth structure. There is considerable controversy regarding optimal choice of the material. An ideal post system should exhibit fracture resistance higher than the average masticatory forces. Finite elemental analysis (FEA) method facilitates precise analysis of the distribution and magnitude of stresses at any point of complex and irregular structures. Thus, this FEA study has been undertaken to evaluate the fracture stress distribution patterns in three fiber posts, viz., carbon, glass fiber, and everStick with an FEA.

Materials and Methods:
The FE stress analysis was performed with the FE software program (CATIA). Three two-dimensional FEA models of central incisor were simulated, and elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio of all the materials were fed to the software. For all the models, a 200 N vertical force was applied on the lingual surface of the tooth at an angle of 45°. Stress concentration and distribution were evaluated and noted down for all the models. To evaluate the stresses within the restored tooth, the modified von Mises failure criterion was used. The equivalent stresses found in the tested models were compared with the tensile strength of the respective materials. Contact stresses in the luting cement–dentin interface were calculated.

Results:
Finite element method revealed that maximum stress concentration was at the point of stress application. The stress value was highest in carbon fiber post followed by glass fiber post and least stresses found in everStick post. Maximum stress was observed at the labial surfaces of crown. However, the stress values and distribution were more homogenous in everStick post.

Conclusion:
The present findings suggest that everStick post has uniform stress distribution within tooth structure.
Association of salivary physicochemical characteristics and peptide levels with dental caries in children
Authors: Ramezani Jamileh , Khaligh Mehrdad Rezaei , Ansari Ghassem , Yazdani Yaghoub , Mohammadi Saeed 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial peptide levels of saliva with caries activity in children.

Materials and Methods:
The required volume of unstimulated saliva was collected from 41 children aged 3–12 years with no systemic diseases. Caries activity was calculated using DMFS and dmfs records for each participating child. Collected saliva samples were then examined for their flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. The concentration of three peptides was assessed including LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1–3, and human beta-defensin (HBD)-3 through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between caries activity score (CAS) and salivary variables was looked using the linear regression and Spearman's correlation method. The comparison of CAS means between high- and low-value groups of salivary items was performed using independent sample t-test while the association of CAS and salivary parameters in categorical scale was tested by Chi-square test.

Results:
No statistically significant differences were found between the CAS means at low and high categories of each salivary physicochemical parameter and those of antimicrobial peptides. There was a negative correlation between HNP1–3 and CAS and also between HBD-3 and CAS, but these results were not statistically meaningful. High HNP1–3 concentration was noted in 67% of the low caries rate group and 29% of the high caries rate group, with a statistically significant difference between the low and high caries rate groups (P = 0.019).

Conclusion:
Salivary inherent factors are not dominant determinants in caries activity. The current results may suggest that α-defensins (HNP1–3) have a protective role against dental caries.
Applicability of Boston University approach for prediction of mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru
Authors: Thomas Richardson V , Bajaj Neeti 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Boston University (BU) approach is a method for early prediction of unerupted permanent mandibular teeth widths based on the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of primary mandibular canines and first molars. The present study was conducted to test the validity of BU approach by comparing it with Tanaka–Johnston (T/J) approach in the contemporary population.

Aims and Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of BU approach for prediction of the MDWs of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in 100 healthy schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru aged between 7 and 11 years. The MDWs of canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and the considered BU approaches for all the children and were compared.

Results:
The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation between the predicted tooth size from the two predicted methods in the upper and lower arches (P < 0.001), with Pearson's correlation coefficient showing the very strong positive relationship (r = 0.7). Significant differences were seen between the mean predicted width of canines and premolars by both the approaches (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In spite of the limitations, we recommend the use of BU approach to predict arch length-tooth material discrepancy at an early age and to get at least an approximate estimation of the required space. We also advocate the necessity of further research on this approach prospectively.
Pandemic 2020: Economic pressure and evaluation of a primary health care innovation programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment
Authors: Renaldi Fransiskus Samuel , Sauriasari Rani , Riyadina Woro 
Published: July 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected two vital sectors: the economy and health. Subsequently, people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face the dilemma of risking having a severe prognosis or non-compliance treatment.
Aim: This study determines the relationship problems between the economic aspects and compliance behaviour in T2DM patients during the pandemic and how community health centres solve them.
Methods: Data were collected from interviews with 20 T2DM patients and nine health workers in the Central Bogor region. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Results: Most patients tended to prioritise their economic condition. Besides, the community health centre has innovated an internet-based health service with particular policies to solve the problems.
Conclusion: Economic pressure due to the COVID-19 pandemic has changed patients’ mindsets. Community health centres respond with particular policies to sustain patient treatment adherence.
Microencapsulation of Jeringau Rhizome essential oils (Acorus calamus L.) using β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ledianasari  , Tristiyanti Deby , Tanjung Elva Maulydha , Barani Lovelyta 
Published: July 2021

Background: The way to improve the stability of jeringau rhizome essential oils is microencapsulation using β-cyclodextrin.
Aim: To determine the efficiency of coating the jeringau rhizome essential oil with β-cyclodextrin and examine its thermostability.
Method: The microencapsulation method used was freeze-drying with a ratio of 1:20 and 1:30.
Results: The microcapsule efficiency at the ratio of 1:20 and 1:30 was 81.67% and 60.70%, respectively. The thermostability test results showed that the degradation constant of 1:20 microcapsule at 50oC and ambient temperature was 0.0054 and 0.0029, respectively, with a half-life of 128.33 hours and 238.97 hours. Meanwhile, the degradation constant of 1:30 microcapsule was 0.0182 and 0.0080, with a half-life of 38.07 hours and 86.63 hours.
Conclusion: The highest efficiency is in the ratio of 1:20 with a percentage of 81.67%. In the thermostability test, the 1:20 microcapsule was better protected and had a longer half-life than the 1:30 microcapsule.
IR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics used as a simple and rapid method to determine the caffeine content of tea products
Authors: Wulandari Lestyo , Sutipno Diana Hanifiyah , Pratoko Dwi Koko 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tea is a popular beverage that comes from Camellia sinensis. Tea is generally categorised into four types: black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and white tea. These four types are distinguished based on the presence or absence of a fermentation process during their processing. One of the compounds that play a role in providing freshness to tea is caffeine.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the caffeine content in the tea samples that are on the market.
Methods: This was done using the near-infrared (NIR)-chemometric method and using the TLC-Densitometry method as a comparison. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has been developed as a simple method to analyse the caffeine content in a tea sample. IR spectra of tea samples were correlated with caffeine content using chemometrics.
Results: In this study, the partial least squares (PLS) model of the NIR model that showed the best calibration with r-square was 0.958, and the root mean squared error of calibration (RMSEC) value was 0.070. The PLS calibration model of the NIR models was further used to predict the unknown caffeine content in commercial samples. The significance of the caffeine content that had been measured with NIR and TLC-Densitometry was evaluated using a two paired sample t-test.
Conclusion: The caffeine content measured with both methods gave no significant difference.
Acute toxicity test of 96% ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Indriani Lusi , Effendi E. Mulyati , Fadillah Kevin Christofer 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Acute toxicity effects appear within a short time following the oral administration of either a single dose or repeated doses of toxin within 24 hours. Acute toxicity testing involves the administration of a range of doses across several groups of experimental animals with one dose administered per group, followed by the observation of toxic effects and mortality. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and acute toxicity of an ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice. Methods: Exposed groups consisted of a negative control group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) and four treatment groups (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw)). Mortality was observed for 14 days following oral administration. Results: The results demonstrated an LD50 of 1995 mg/kg bw, categorised as moderately toxic. Observed toxic effects included white lesions in the lungs, blackened liver, organ swelling, and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and thorax.
Satisfaction of drug information services implementation in Air Itam, Selindung, Girimaya, Gerunggang and Melintang health centre Pangkalpinang City
Authors: Djuria Rachmawati Felani 
Published: July 2021

Background: Previous studies have shown that the service quality of the pharmaceutical drug information service has not been optimally implemented. This problem also occurred in Pangkalpinang city. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a study on the satisfaction of drug information service implementation to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services.
Aim: Examining the satisfaction of drug information service implementation in Air Itam, Selindung, Girimaya, Gerunggang, and Melintang health centres Pangkalpinang city.
Method: This observational research was conducted from March to December 2018 in Air Itam, Selindung, Girimaya, Gerunggang, and Melintang health centres, Pangkalpinang city. It involved 150 patients selected by accidental sampling techniques, and the bivariate analyses were performed using the dependent t-test.
Results: The quality of drug information service implementation in all dimensions was good, and there were significant differences in tangibility (p < 0.0001), reliability (p = 0.025), and empathy (p = 0.011). All respondents were quite satisfied with the drug information service implementation in all dimensions, with a significant difference in the dimensions of tangibility (p = 0.002), reliability (p = 0.045), and empathy (p = 0.045).
Conclusion: All respondents were quite satisfied with the drug information service implementation in all dimensions.
Mother’s knowledge and practices towards self-medication of fever among children under five years in Muncar Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Sinta , Khotimah Khusnul , Norcahyanti Ika 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Self-medication is the use of medicines by individuals to treat mild symptoms or minor illnesses. It can overcome minor ailments and complaints, such as fever. Fever is a sign of disease often suffered by children under five years. Knowledge and self-medication practice of fever must be mastered well by the mother to handle this symptom correctly. Aims: This study aimed to explore mothers’ knowledge and practices toward self-medication of fever among children under five years and the relationship between knowledge and practices. Method: This study was observational with a cross-sectional design. It involved 385 mothers from Muncar District Banyuwangi, Indonesia. It used a validated questionnaire to collect the data, including five categories, three for knowledge and two for practice. The relationship between knowledge and practice was analyzed by the Chi-square test. Result: The three categories of knowledge were good (83 respondents), sufficient (206 respondents), and insufficient (96 respondents), while the two categories of practice were good (213 respondents) and insufficient (172 respondents). The chi-square test yielded a p-value <0.001. Conclusion: This study revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and practice. Hence, the better the knowledge, the better the practice in fever self-medication.
Dissolution profile of Curcumin from solid dispersion prepared at a high drug load of Curcumin using Poloxamer 407 as the carrier
Authors: Setyaningsih Dewi , Hartini Yustina Sri , Patramurti Christine , Putri Sastira , Murti Yosi Bayu 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Curcumin, a BCS II drug, suffers from poor bioavailability. Increasing curcumin dissolution is a way to increase its bioavailability. Solid dispersion formulation can be used to improve curcumin dissolution. However, the successful curcumin solid dispersion is limited to a relatively low drug load (< 20%).
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the dissolution behaviour of curcumin at a higher drug load (27.9%, 42.3%, and 56.6%) using a surfactant carrier of poloxamer 407.
Methods: The solvent evaporation method was employed to prepare high drug load solid dispersion of curcumin. A physical mixture of the corresponding solid dispersion formulation was prepared as a control. Drug load, dissolution behaviour in 180 minutes, and dissolution efficiency (DE180) were determined.
Results: The results showed that incorporating curcumin into a poloxamer 407 solid dispersion significantly improves the dissolution rate of curcumin. In the solid dispersion formula, the dissolution behaviour of curcumin was found to be carrier-dependent.
Indicator of responsible consumption in hospitality companies: proposal of theoretical bases
Authors: De Souza Claudio Alexandre , Balbinot Zandra 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Studies indicate that there is demand for services performed responsibly. This study aims to present theoretical bases for the proposal of an indicator of responsible consumption for hospitality companies. It is the outcome of desk and documentary research on scientific bases for corporate social responsibility and sustainability indicators for hospitality companies. This research identifies the urgent need to review the way that corporate social responsibility actions are handled in this sector. It also identifies a need for change in the way that the social relationship with the client stakeholder is conceived from its inception. The research also confirms the importance of discovering different ways to act effectively towards sustainability. This study presents a theoretical proposal as a basis for Indicators of Responsible Consumption in Hospitality Companies (IRCHC). The specific goals of this research include: to present a theoretical proposal of IRCHC that adds value to CSs; to make sustainable the lifecycle of responsible service; to respect all sustainability dimensions; to have strategic applicability for HCs; and to be easily understood by involved parties.

RESUMEN
Los estudios indican que existe una demanda de servicios realizados de forma responsable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar las bases teóricas para la propuesta de un indicador de consumo responsable para las empresas de hostelería. Es el resultado de una investigación documental y de gabinete sobre las bases científicas de los indicadores de responsabilidad social corporativa y de sostenibilidad para las empresas de hostelería. Esta investigación identifica la necesidad urgente de revisar la forma en que se gestionan las acciones de responsabilidad social corporativa en este sector. También identifica la necesidad de cambiar la forma en que se concibe la relación social con el cliente desde su inicio. La investigación también confirma la importancia de descubrir diferentes formas de actuar eficazmente hacia la sostenibilidad. Este estudio presenta una propuesta teórica como base para los Indicadores de Consumo Responsable en Empresas de Hostelería (IRCHC). Los objetivos específicos de esta investigación son: presentar una propuesta teórica de IRCHC que añada valor a las EF; hacer sostenible el ciclo de vida del servicio responsable; respetar todas las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad; tener aplicabilidad estratégica para las EF; y ser fácilmente comprensible para las partes implicadas.
Placas redondeadas eritematovioláceas en el dorso de las manos
Authors: Giménez Yolanda Luján , Mancinelli María Clara , Feola Hernán Agustín , Verea María Alejandra 
Published: July 2021

Se presenta un caso clínico de dermatosis neutrofilica del dorso de las manos en formato ¿cual es su diagnóstico? con un revisión bibliográfica de esta entidad desde su descripción hasta la fecha.
Se trata de un paciente masculino de 58 años, oriundo de Paraguay, con antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial, accidente cerebro vascular sin secuelas y tabaquismo (ex fumador 15 cigarrillos por día durante 30 años)
Consultó por dermatosis dolorosa en dorso de ambas manos y en codo izquierdo de 7 días de evolución. Se encontraba en estudio por cuadro de meses de evolución caracterizado por diarrea crónica, pérdida ponderal de 25 kg, artralgias en rodillas y episodios febriles.
Melanomas de diámetro pequeño: papel de la dermatoscopia y seguimiento con dermatoscopia digital
Authors: Salerni Gabriel Esteban , Alonso Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Antecedentes: El reconocimiento de melanomas de pequeño diámetro (MPD) a menudo plantea un desafío
Objetivos: Analizar el rol de la dermatoscopía y el seguimiento con dermatoscopía digital en el diagnostico de MPD
Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo de una serie de 50 MPD diagnosticados entre 2015 y 2019.
Resultados: Entre los MPD, 9 fueron motivo de consulta del paciente (MMC), 30 se detectaron durante el control rutinario de nevos (MMCR) y 11 fueron diagnosticados por cambios observados durante el seguimiento con dermatoscopía digital (MMDD). Cerca del 45% de los MMC fueron clasificados correctamente como lesiones malignas según la “regla ABCD de dermatoscopía”; esto se observó sólo en el 20% de los MMCR y en ninguno de las MMDD. El algoritmo “caos y pistas” condujo a la extirpación en casi el 90% de los MMC, el 60% de los MMCR y el 50% de los MMDD. Los porcentajes de melanoma in situfueron: 55% entre los MMC, 73,3% entre los MMCR y 72,9% entre los MMDD. En los melanomas invasivos, el grosor de Breslow medio fue de 0,62 mm en el grupo MMC, 0,5 mm en el MMCCR y 0,4 mm en el MMDD
Conclusiones: El uso rutinario de la dermatoscopía permite la detección de melanomas con bajo índice de sospecha que los pacientes podrían desconocer. El uso del seguimiento digital permite la detección de melanomas incipientes que carecen no sólo de criterios clínicos sino también dermatoscópicos de malignidad.
Right Ventricle and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. Spectator or Actor?
Authors: Deaconu Silvia , Deaconu Alexandru , Vijiiac Aura , Acostachioaiei Alexandra , Dorobantu Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lately, RV dysfunction has emerged as a significant prognostic factor in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). More so, recent data show a specific pattern of RV contraction in LBBB patients that is corrected by CRT, but not in patients with RV failure. The importance of RV evaluation in CRT patients is still under debate. Establishing the role of RV function in the setting of CRT may help identify patients with high risk of adverse events. Moreover, the changes induced by CRT upon RV may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind CRT effects and may facilitate novel criteria for optimal selection of CRT candidates.