bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between renal function and platelet reactivity during aspirin therapy in elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Liang Wenyi , Zhang Peng , Liu Meilin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Aspirin is the key treatment in the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to aspirin has been reported to partially account for the enhanced risk of thrombotic events. In particular, HTPR has been described more frequently among elderly patients. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and biological factors associated with HTPR in a real-life elderly population.

Methods
In this retrospective study, elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on regular aspirin treatment were enrolled. Cardiovascular risk factors, routine biological parameters, comorbidities, and concomitant medications were recorded. The upper quartile of the platelet aggregation rate, determined by light transmission aggregometry with arachidonic acid, was defined as the HTPR group.

Results
A total of 304 patients were included (mean age 77 ± 8 years, 76% men). Patients in the HTPR group were older than the patients in the non-HTPR group (mean age: 79 ± 7 vs. 76 ± 8 years, p = 0.008). Patients with moderately decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had a higher frequency of HTPR than patients with slightly decreased eGFR or normal eGFR (35.8, 22.5, 12.2%, respectively, p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, an independent risk factor for HTPR was the eGFR (OR: 0.984, 95% CI: 0.980–0.988, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Advanced age and decreased eGFR are correlated with poor pharmacodynamic response to aspirin.
Association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateau in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Jie , Dawa Yangzong , A Kezhong , Dejicuo  , Lengbao  , Li Zengyue , Chen Wanli , Wang Jingya , Zhang Yuxin , Dengbentai  , Wang Jiwei , Shi Lizheng , Jiang Qingwu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEchinococcosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and has been a major worldwide public health problem. Although it is known that health literacy is closely related to health behaviours and health outcomes, few studies have paid attention to echinococcosis related health literacy. This study aims to examine the association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy (ES-HL) and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis (BIPE) among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateauin in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 401 Tibetan herdsmen was conducted in Gande county of Qinghai Province, China. Participants were recruited from August to September 2018 and from February to March 2019. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure demographic information, ES-HL and BIPE. Hierarchical regression analysis was done to identify the factors associated with BIPE.ResultsIn the hierarchical regression analysis, we entered age, sex, education level, marital state and family monthly income per capita into model 1 which explained a significant amount of variance in BIPE (Adjusted R2change = 0.029,P = 0.006). Sex (β = − 0.125,P = 0.013) and family monthly income per capita (β = − 0.133,P = 0.009) were found to be associated with BIPE. Subsequently, the three factors of ES-HL were added to Model 1 to create Model 2. In Model 2, the two factors of ES-HL, perceived echinococcosis information support (β = 0.229,P < 0.001) and echinococcosis-specific self-management ability (β = 0.252, P < 0.001), were significantly associated with BIPE, while the information acquisition and evaluation ability factor (β =0.093,P = 0.089) was not found to be associated with BIPE. The model improved significantly when ES-HL was included (Model 2) explaining the 25.8% of variance of BIPE (Adjust R2change =0.229,P < 0.001).ConclusionsES-HL is an important predictor of whether individuals take preventive actions against echinococcosis. An ES-HL promotion action project should be developed targeting specific populations to enhance the prevention of echinococcosis.
Epidemiological survey and screening strategy for dengue virus in blood donors from Yunnan Province
Authors: Li Ling , Li Ying , Lu Shaofang , Dong Jing , Xu Haixia , Zhang Qian , Weng Rong , Yin Yundi , He Rui , Fang Peng , Shi Hua , Yu Yinghan , Wu Ji , Liu Zhong , Hess John R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is increasingly common in southern China and can be transmitted through blood transfusion but is not currently part of donor screening throughout the region. We assessed DENV prevalence among donors at the Xishuangbanna Blood Center, Yunnan, to support development of DENV screening strategies.

Methods
Blood samples were collected randomly between June 2019 and August 2019. These were screened for anti-DENV IgG and IgM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, all reactive samples and some randomly-chosen non-reactive samples were used to detect DENV RNAs using real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays. After RT-PCR, samples were further tested for soluble nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) using the colloidal gold method. Donors demographics were also collected and assessed.

Results
Over the study period, 2254 donor samples were collected and tested for anti-DENV IgG and IgM by ELISA. This revealed 598 anti-DENV IgG and/or IgM reactive samples, a serological prevalence of 26.53%. Of these, 26 were RT-PCR positive and/or NS1 positive. Significant differences in DENV prevalence were noted by occupation (P = 0.001), education (P < 0.001), and ethnicity (P = 0.026).

Conclusion
The prevalence of DENV in Xishuangbanna Blood Center was higher than most other blood centers that have implemented DENV donor screening. Our study provides first-hand data about the prevalence of DENV and allows the development of a screening strategy for clinical use.
Use of the A2DS2 scale to predict morbidity in stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Jie , Liu Ming , He Weiliang , Liu Feifei , Cheng Jinming , Wang Hebo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis review aims to evaluate the performance and clinical applicability of the A2DS2 scale via systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to evaluate publication bias. The bivariate random-effect model was used for calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC). A Fagan nomogram was applied to evaluate the clinical applicability of the A2DS2 scale.ResultsA total of 29 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria, including 19,056 patients. Bivariate mixed-effects regression models yielded a mean sensitivity of 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.73–0.83), a specificity of 0.79 (95 % CI: 0.73–0.84), a positive likelihood ratio of 3.7 (95 % CI: 2.9–4.6), and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.27 (95 % CI: 0.23–0.33). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.82–0.88). If given a pre-test probability of 50 %, the Fagan nomogram showed that when A2DS2 was positive, the post-test probability improved to 79 %. In contrast, when A2DS2 was negative, it decreased to 22 %. The results of the subgroup analysis showed no effect on the diagnostic accuracy of the A2DS2 scale in predicting stroke-associated pneumonia, except for the optimal cut-off value.ConclusionsThe A2DS2 scale demonstrates high clinical applicability and could be a valid scale for the early prediction of stroke-associated pneumonia in stroke patients.
A case of hemichorea in RNF213-related vasculopathy
Authors: Hosoki Satoshi , Yoshimoto Takeshi , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis has been recently reported to cause hemichorea, mainly in East Asia. The East Asian-specific p.R4810K variant of RNF213, a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD), accounts for up to 25% of sporadic ischemic stroke with ICA stenosis cases in East Asia. However, as RNF213-related vasculopathy does not meet the diagnostic criteria for MMD, the creation of a new disease category has been suggested. Here, we report the first case of hemichorea in RNF213-related vasculopathy.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with choreic movements in the periphery of the right extremities at rest. Though head magnetic resonance imaging showed no fresh or old cerebral infarction, 123I-iodoamphetamine-single photon emission computed tomography showed cerebral blood flow of < 80% in the anterior territory of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) in a resting state and cerebrovascular reactivity of < 10% in the broader area supplied by the left MCA after acetazolamide challenge. Head magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography revealed left ICA C1 portion stenosis with compromised collateral vessels. Involuntary movements resolved with haloperidol administration within 3 days, without apparent recurrence from continuation of the medication for a year. Genetic testing revealed the presence of the heterozygous RNF213 p.R4810K variant.

Conclusions
Chorea is thought to be caused by damage to circuitry connecting the basal ganglia with the cerebral cortex, as found in cases of MMD, which possess aberrant vessels in the basal ganglia. However, aberrant vessels and cerebral infarctions were not observed in the basal ganglia in the current case, decreasing the likelihood of a role in chorea. Alternatively, as RNF213 regulates vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis, dysregulation may impair the neurovascular unit and damage basal ganglia circuitry, contributing to the development of chorea. This case may renew interest in the concept of RNF213-related vasculopathy and the pathophysiological mechanisms behind chorea in ICA stenosis.
Maternal alcohol use, adverse neonatal outcomes and pregnancy complications in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Popova Svetlana , Dozet Danijela , O’Hanlon Graham , Temple Valerie , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancies by the antenatal care providers, resulting in live births in British Columbia (BC) and to examine associations between alcohol use, adverse neonatal outcomes, and pregnancy complications.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study utilized linked obstetrical and neonatal records within the BC Perinatal Data Registry (BCPDR), for deliveries that were discharged between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2018. The main outcome measures were alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancy, associated maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Estimates for the period and fiscal year prevalence were calculated. Chi-square tests were used to compare adverse neonatal outcomes and pregnancy complications by alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between alcohol use identified as a risk factor during pregnancy and adverse neonatal outcomes and pregnancy complications, after adjusting for identified risk factors.

Results
A total of 144,779 linked records within the BCPDR were examined. The period prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor was estimated to be 1.1% and yearly prevalence was 1.1, 1.1, 1.3 and 0.9% from the 2014/2015 to 2017/2018 fiscal years, respectively.
Alcohol use identified as a risk factor was associated with younger maternal age, fewer antenatal visits, being primiparous, a history of mental illness, substance use and smoking.
Neonates with alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor had greater odds of being diagnosed with: “low birth weight (1000-2499g)” (ICD-10: P07.1; aOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.53), “other respiration distress of newborn” (ICD-10: P22.8; aOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.52, 4.07), “neonatal difficulty in breastfeeding” (ICD-10: P92.5; aOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.92) and “feeding problems, unspecified” (ICD-10: P92.9; aOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.09).

Conclusions
The prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy identified as a risk factor was comparable to previous estimates within the BCPDR. Identified prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with notable differences in maternal and neonatal characteristics and adverse neonatal outcomes. More consistent, thorough screening and prevention efforts targeting alcohol use in pregnancy are urgently needed in Canada.
Amniotic fluid disorders and the effects on prenatal outcome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bakhsh H. , Alenizy H. , Alenazi S. , Alnasser S. , Alanazi N. , Alsowinea M. , Alharbi L. , Alfaifi B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The amniotic fluid is a protective liquid present in the amniotic sac. Two types of amniotic fluid disorders have been identified. First refers to polyhydramnios, which is an immoderate volume of amniotic fluid with an Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) greater than 24 cm. Second includes oligohydramnios, which refers to decreased AFI i.e., less than 5 cm. This study aims to; a) identify the maternal risk factors associated with amniotic fluid disorders, b) assess the effect of amniotic fluid disorders on maternal and fetal outcome c) examine the mode of delivery in pregnancy complicated with amniotic fluid disorders.

Methods
A comparative retrospective cohort study design is followed. Sample of 497 pregnant women who received care at King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) between January 2017 to October 2019 was included. Data were collected from electronic medical reports, and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Association of qualitative variables was conducted by Chi-square test, where p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Among the collected data, 2.8% of the cases had polyhydramnios and 11.7% patients had oligohydramnios. One case of still born was identified. A statically significant association was found between polyhydramnios and late term deliveries (P = 0.005) and cesarean section (CS) rates (P = 0.008). The rate of term deliveries was equal in normal AFI and oligohydramnios group (P = 0.005). Oligohydramnios was mostly associated with vaginal deliveries (P = 0.008). Oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus patients (P = 0.005), and polyhydramnios with gestational diabetes patients (P = 0.052). Other maternal chronic diseases showed no effect on amniotic fluid index, although it might cause other risks on the fetus.

Conclusion
Diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are the most important maternal risk factors that can cause amniotic fluid disorders. Maternal and fetal outcome data showed that oligohydramnios associated with gestational age at term and low neonatal birth weight with high rates of vaginal deliveries, while polyhydramnios associated with gestational age at late term and high birth weight with higher rates of CS.
Implementing a modified World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist in health centers of Ethiopia: a pre and post intervention study
Authors: Abawollo Hailemariam Segni , Tsegaye Zergu Tafesse , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Mamo Tsega Teferi , Mamo Haregewoin Getachew , Mehari Zebyderu Tesfay , Gebremedhin Zenawork Kassa , Beshir Ismael Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Childbirth is a complex process, and checklists are useful tools to remember steps of such complex processes. The World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist is a tool used to improve the quality of care provided to women giving birth. The checklist was modified by Ministry of Health and was introduced to health centers in Ethiopia by the USAID Transform: Primary Health Care Activity.

Methods
A pre and post intervention study design with prospective data collection was employed. The availability of essential childbirth supplies and adherence of health care providers to essential birth practices were compared for the pre and post intervention periods.

Results
The pre and post intervention assessments were conducted in 247 and 187 health centers respectively. A statistically significant improvement from 63.6% pre intervention to 83.5% post intervention was observed in the availability of essential childbirth supplies, t (389.7) = − 7.1, p = 0.000. Improvements in adherence of health care providers to essential birth practices were observed with the highest being at pause point three (26.2%, t (306.3) = − 10.6, p = 0.000) followed by pause point four (21.1%, t (282.5) = − 8.0, p = 0.000), and pause point two (18.2%, t (310.8) = − 9.7, p = 0.000). The least and statistically non-significant improvement was observed at pause point one (3.3%, t (432.0) = − 1.5, p = 0.131).

Conclusion
Improvement in availability of essential childbirth supplies and adherence of health care providers towards essential birth practices was observed after introduction of a modified World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist. Scale up of the use of the checklist is recommended.
The NeST (Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer) study: National Practice Questionnaire of United Kingdom multi-disciplinary decision making
Authors:   on behalf of the NeST Study Research Collaborative, Whitehead I. , Irwin G. W. , Bannon F. , Coles C. E. , Copson E. , Cutress R. I. , Dave R. V. , Gardiner M. D. , Grayson M. , Holcombe C. , Irshad S. , O’Brien C. , O’Connell R. L. , Palmieri C. , Shaaban A. M. , Sharma N. , Singh J. K. , Potter S. , McIntosh S. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet it is clear that there is significant geographical variation in its use in the UK. This study aimed to examine stated practice across UK breast units, in terms of indications for use, radiological monitoring, pathological reporting of treatment response, and post-treatment surgical management.MethodsMultidisciplinary teams (MDTs) from all UK breast units were invited to participate in the NeST study. A detailed questionnaire assessing current stated practice was distributed to all participating units in December 2017 and data collated securely usingREDCap. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each questionnaire item.ResultsThirty-nine MDTs from a diverse range of hospitals responded. All MDTs routinely offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to a median of 10% (range 5–60%) of patients. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) was offered to a median of 4% (range 0–25%) of patients by 66% of MDTs. The principal indication given for use of neoadjuvant therapy was for surgical downstaging. There was no consensus on methods of radiological monitoring of response, and a wide variety of pathological reporting systems were used to assess tumour response. Twenty-five percent of centres reported resecting the original tumour footprint, irrespective of clinical/radiological response. Radiologically negative axillae at diagnosis routinely had post-NACT or post-NET sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in 73.0 and 84% of centres respectively, whereas 16% performed SLNB pre-NACT. Positive axillae at diagnosis would receive axillary node clearance at 60% of centres, regardless of response to NACT.DiscussionThere is wide variation in the stated use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy across the UK, with general low usage of NET. Surgical downstaging remains the most common indication of the use of NAC, although not all centres leverage the benefits of NAC for de-escalating surgery to the breast and/or axilla. There is a need for agreed multidisciplinary guidance for optimising selection and management of patients for NST. These findings will be corroborated in phase II of the NeST study which is a national collaborative prospective audit of NST utilisation and clinical outcomes.
4’-O-Methylbroussochalcone B as a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor suppressed the proliferation and migration of acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Liu Ziying , Wang Changshui , Wang Yali , Wang Lei , Zhang Yueyuan , Yan Genquan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent years, survival rates of human with high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have not raised substantially. This research aimed to investigate the role of 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B, for the treatment of human AML.

Methods
Firstly, we evaluated the effects of six chalcones on AML cells activity by MTT assay. Immunofluorescence staining, tubulin polymerization assay and N,N′-ethylenebis (iodoacetamide) (EBI) competition assay were performed on ML-2 cells. Transwell and apoptosis assay were also utilized in ML-2 cells and OCI-AML5 cells. The expressions of migration-related proteins, apoptosis-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected by Western Blot.

Results
The results found six chalcones exhibited the anti-proliferative activity against different AML cell lines. Based on the results of immunofluorescence staining, tubulin polymerization assay and EBI competition assay, 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B was discovered to be a novel colchicine site tubulin polymerization inhibitor. 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B could induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation and migration of ML-2 cells and OCI-AML5 cells. The cells were arrested in the G2-M phase by the treatment of 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B. In addition, 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B regulated MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in AML cells.

Conclusion
4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B might inhibit proliferation and migration of the AML cells by MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. It is promising for 4′-O-Methylbroussochalcone B to become a new drug to treat AML.
Conceptual causal models of socioeconomic status, family structure, family functioning and their role in public health
Authors: Booysen Frederik , Botha Ferdi , Wouters Edwin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial determinants of health frameworks are standard tools in public health. These frameworks for the most part omit a crucial factor: the family. Socioeconomic status moreover is a prominent social determinant of health. Insofar as family functioning is poorer in poor families and family structure and functioning are linked to health, it is critical to consider the pathways between these four constructs. In this correspondence, we reflect on how empirical studies of this conceptual nexus mirror two causal models. We conclude by reflecting on future directions for research in this field.