bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate community relations and development: engagement with indigenous peoples
Authors: Blesia Jhon Urasti , Wild Susan , Dixon Keith , Lord Beverley Rae 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase knowledge about community relations and development (CRD) activities done in conjunction with mining activities of multinational companies affecting indigenous peoples and thus help improve relationships between them, despite continuing bad consequences the people continue to endure. It is through such better relationships that these consequences may be redressed and mitigated, and greater sharing of benefits of mining may occur, bearing in mind what constitutes benefits may differ from the perspectives of the indigenous peoples and the miners.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach is taken, including interviews with company officials responsible for CRD activities, elaborated with observations, company and public documents and previous literature about these mining operations and the peoples.FindingsThe CRD activities have gradually increased compared with their absence previously. They are officially labelled social investment in community development programmes, and are funded from profits and couched in terms of human development, human rights, preservation of culture and physical development of infrastructure. Dissatisfied with programme quality and relevance, company officials now relate with indigenous people, their leaders and representatives in ways called engagement and partnerships.Practical implicationsThe findings can inform policies and practices of the parties to CRD, which in this West Papua case would be the miners and their company, CRD practitioners, the indigenous peoples and the civil authorities at the local and national level and aid industry participants.Social implicationsThe study acknowledges and addresses social initiatives to develop the indigenous peoples affected by mining.Originality/valueThe study extends older studies in the same territory before CRD had matured, and corroborates and elaborates other studies of CRD in different territories.
Mixing tree species at different spatial scales: The effect of alpha, beta and gamma diversity on disturbance impacts under climate change
Authors: Sebald Julius , Thrippleton Timothy , Rammer Werner , Bugmann Harald , Seidl Rupert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Single species forest systems often suffer from low resistance and resilience to perturbations. Consequently, fostering tree species diversity is discussed as an important management approach to address the impacts of changing climate and disturbance regimes. Yet, the effect of the spatial grain of tree species mixtures remains unknown.

We asked whether increasing tree species diversity between stands (beta diversity) has the same effect as increasing tree species diversity within stands (alpha diversity) at similar overall levels of richness (gamma diversity). We conducted a multi‐model simulation experiment under climate change, applying two forest landscape models (iLand and LandClim) across two contrasting landscapes of Central Europe. We analysed the effect of different levels and configurations of diversity on the disturbance impact and the temporal stability of biomass stocks and forest structure.

In general, increasing levels of diversity decreased disturbance impacts. Positive diversity effects increased with increasing severity of climate change. Beta diversity buffered disturbance impacts on landscape‐level biomass stocks more strongly than alpha diversity. The effects of the spatial configuration on forest structure were more variable. Diversity effects on temporal stability were less pronounced compared to disturbance impacts, and mixture within and between stands had comparable effects on temporal stability.

Diversity effects were context‐dependent, with patterns varying between landscapes and indicators. Furthermore, we found a strong species identity effect, with increasing diversity being particularly beneficial in conifer‐dominated systems of the European Alps. The two models agreed on the effects of different levels and configurations of tree species diversity, underlining the robustness of our findings.

Synthesis and application. Enhancing tree species diversity can buffer forest ecosystems against increasing levels of perturbation. Mixing tree species between stands is at least as effective as mixing tree species within stands. Given the managerial advantages of between‐stand mixtures (e.g. reduced need to control competition to maintain diversity, higher timber quality, lower logistic effort), we conclude that forest management should consider enhancing diversity at multiple spatial scales.

​
Individual‐based plant–pollinator networks are structured by phenotypic and microsite plant traits
Authors: Arroyo‐Correa Blanca , Bartomeus Ignasi , Jordano Pedro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The biotic and abiotic context of individual plants within animal‐pollinated plant populations can influence pollinator foraging behaviour. Pollinator movements regulate pollen flow among plant individuals, and ultimately determine individual plant reproductive success. Yet the underlying drivers of this context dependency of interactions at the population level and their functional consequences for individuals remain poorly known.

Here we used a well‐characterised population of Halimium halimifolium (Cistaceae), a Mediterranean shrub species, in combination with exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to evaluate how the intrapopulation variation in plant attributes configures individual‐based plant–pollinator networks and determines their reproductive outcomes. Specifically, we assessed (a) how the intrinsic (i.e. phenotype and phenology) and extrinsic (i.e. microsite) plant attributes influenced the emerging configuration of the bipartite plant–pollinator network and the unipartite plant–plant network derived from pollinator sharing, and (b) how these plant attributes combined with the network topological position of individual plants affect their female fitness, measured as the total seed weight per plant.

We found that both intrinsic and extrinsic plant attributes contributed substantially to explain the configuration of both the bipartite and the unipartite pollination network. Besides the effects of plant attributes, the functional group to which pollinator species belonged was also important to determine the variance in plant–pollinator interaction odds, while the probability of plants to share more pollinator species was additionally influenced by the spatial distance between those plants. Furthermore, our results showed that these influences of plant attributes on network structure can be translated into functional outcomes at the plant individual level, with direct consequences for intrapopulation fitness variation.

Synthesis. This study builds towards a better understanding of the multiple drivers underlying the context dependency of plant–pollinator interactions and how they mediate the reproductive outputs of individual plants within a population. The application of our analytical framework allows a conceptual shift from descriptive to predictive research on the evolutionary and ecological processes that give rise to complex ecological networks at the population level.
Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inflow drives temporal dynamics of the bacterial community of a subarctic estuary (northern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Figueroa Daniela , Capo Eric , Lindh Markus V. , Rowe Owen F. , Paczkowska Joanna , Pinhassi Jarone , Andersson Agneta 
Published: May 2021

SummaryClimate change is projected to cause increased inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter to coastal areas in northerly regions. Estuarine bacterial community will thereby receive larger loads of organic matter and inorganic nutrients available for microbial metabolism. The composition of the bacterial community and its ecological functions may thus be affected. We studied the responses of bacterial community to inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter in a subarctic estuary in the northern Baltic Sea, using a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach. Betaproteobacteria dominated during the spring river flush, constituting ~ 60% of the bacterial community. Bacterial diversity increased as the runoff decreased during summer, when Verrucomicrobia, Betaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria and Planctomycetes dominated the community. Network analysis revealed that a larger number of associations between bacterial populations occurred during the summer than in spring. Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes populations appeared to display similar correlations to environmental factors. In spring, freshly discharged organic matter favoured specialists, while in summer a mix of autochthonous and terrestrial organic matter promoted the development of generalists. Our study indicates that increased inflows of terrestrial organic matter‐loaded freshwater to coastal areas would promote specialist bacteria, which in turn might enhance the transformation of terrestrial organic matter in estuarine environments.
BICYCLE POLICY IN MEXICO CITY: Urban Experiments and Differentiated Citizenship
Authors: Sosa López Oscar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the effect of the development of bicycle policy in Mexico City on existing landscapes of urban citizenship. In Mexico City, NGOs, activists and progressive city officials used Ecobici, the city's bike share system, to promote the bicycle as an innovative, sustainable and socially inclusive mode of transportation in central areas of the city. At the same time, bicycle infrastructure has not yet reached peripheral, low‐income and underfunded districts, where residents rely on bicycles for transportation. I draw on the Cities and Low Carbon Transitions framework to examine bicycle policy as a project aimed at transforming Mexico City's socio‐technical systems for transportation, and I draw on notions of urban citizenship to examine how green urban infrastructures materialize and transform regimes of inequality. The article shows how the bicycle experiment was limited by a consensus that maintained existing power inequalities, favored expert‐driven design targeting middle‐class users, and opted for rapid project implementation over long‐term institutional re‐design and capacity‐building. These dynamics excluded citizens from the planning of bicycle policy and the urban poor from enjoying the benefits of the investments.
Use and access in the new ecology of public messaging
Authors: Robinson Scott E. , Wehde Wesley , Pudlo Jason M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of social media and other communication technologies have created a new ecology of public messaging. As it is a core task of government to inform its residents about risks, public managers and emergency managers, specifically, must understand this new ecology if they are to effectively communicate with the public. A challenge of this new media environment is the differential access of members of the community to various technologies. Partial proportional odds regression (PPO) provides a strategy that is useful to separate effects of access from effects of use. This article illustrates the use of PPO regression to separate access and use effects based on a survey which followed a series of severe weather events in the spring of 2016. The survey includes an address‐based sample of residents in the state of Oklahoma to ask about the use of various communication technologies to share information about the weather system (among other subjects). We find that age and work status are related to access while income, gender, race and exposure to extreme weather are related to use of various communication media. This information provides emergency managers with a stronger foundation for developing a portfolio of information options for their communities.
Quality of a powdered grapefruit product formulated with biopolymers obtained by freeze‐drying and spray‐drying
Authors: Egas‐Astudillo Luis A. , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria , Camacho María del Mar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFreeze‐drying and spray‐drying are two techniques used to produce dehydrated food products. Both techniques are easy to use and offer high sensory, nutritive value, and functional quality to foods. However, both processes become difficult for foods with high sugar and acid content, such as fruits. This is because these products, once dehydrated, moisten quickly, causing a change in their physical properties, mainly in the mechanical aspects related to the start of a caking phenomenon. Therefore, incorporating high molecular weight biopolymers that act as facilitators or processors, prevent the structural collapse of the product. The aim of this study was to select the best process, between freeze‐drying or spray‐drying, to obtain a powdered grapefruit product with the higher quality. The impact of the biopolymers used to stabilize the powdered product was also tested. The properties analyzed were the solubility, wettability, hygroscopicity, porosity, and color of the powder together with the flow behavior, both in air and water. The results of this study show that using the freeze‐drying technique, products have a better flow behavior, greater porosity, and a color more like fresh grapefruit. Biopolymers, especially when in combination, have a positive effect on the quality parameters studied.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study allow freeze‐drying to be proposed as a process to obtain a grapefruit product with better properties, both powdered and rehydrated, than that obtained by spray‐drying. On the other hand, although the incorporation of biopolymers is necessary to facilitate the process and stabilize the product, no significant differences have been found between the different formulations tested, although it seems that their combination favours some of the properties of the powder, such as solubility, hygroscopicity, wetting time and dispersibility.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes between standard laparoscopic and robot‐assisted approach in patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Alboni Carlo , Orsini Benedetta , Aru Anna Chiara , Farulla Antonino , Maletta Manuela , Arena Alessandro , Del Forno Simona , Sampogna Veronica , Mastronardi Manuela , Petrillo Marco , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionRobot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has gained widespread application in several surgical specialties. Previous studies on the feasibility and safety of RALS vs standard laparoscopy (S‐LPS) for rectosigmoid endometriosis are limited and reported conflicting data. This study aims to compare S‐LPS and RALS in patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis in terms of perioperative surgical and clinical data.Material and methodsThis is a multicentric, observational, prospective cohort study including 44 patients affected by rectosigmoid endometriosis referred to two tertiary referral centers for endometriosis from September 2018 to September 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: 22 patients underwent S‐LPS, and 22 underwent RALS. Our primary outcome was to compare operative time (from skin incision to suture) between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included: operative room time (patient entry into operative room and patient out), estimated blood loss, laparotomic conversion rate, length of hospital stay, perioperative complications, and evaluation of endometriosis‐related symptoms at 12‐month follow up.ResultsThe two groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical data, except for higher rates of hysterectomies and bilateral uterosacral ligament removal procedures in the RALS group. Also after adjusting for these discrepancies, operative time was similar between S‐LPS and RALS. Operative room time was statistically longer in the RALS group compared with that of S‐LPS. No statistically significant difference was found concerning other study outcomes. Pain and bowel symptoms improved in both groups at 12‐month follow up.ConclusionsIf performed by expert teams, RALS provides similar perioperative outcomes compared with S‐LPS in rectosigmoid endometriosis surgical treatment, except for longer operative room time.
Manning the waves: Masculinity shift amongst Filipino seafarers in the age of precarity
Authors: Turgo Nelson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article looks at the intersection between Filipino seafarers' performance of masculinity shift onboard and the precarity that attends their work at sea. Reflecting on data gathered from four cargo ship voyages, and interviews with Filipino seafarers in the Philippines, the article proposes that Filipino seafarers' rendition and cultivation of hegemonic masculinity ashore is set aside at sea as a way to mitigate both perceived and experienced employment precarity. By wilfully performing a multiplicity of situationally specific masculinities, Filipino seafarers perforce to hold on to their employment at sea to preserve their hegemonic masculinity ashore. The performance of masculinity shift at sea by Filipino seafarers manifests their shifting gender strategies in the context of economic and cultural structures and how the experiencing of one form of masculinity ashore is predicated on the execution of different manifestations of masculinity at sea. This masculinity shift takes place in the context of the fast changing crewing preferences of ship owners, robust implementation of local laws pertaining to seafarer rights and privileges, and the power of supranational bodies to shape domestic maritime labor policies.
The emotional toll of postfeminist fatherhood
Authors: Gruson‐Wood Julia , Rice Carla , Haines Jess , Chapman Gwen E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPostfeminism shapes the political economy of the workforce and household, constituting a re‐entrenchment of traditional heterosexual gender regimes and the pressure to transgress them. Focusing on the understudied area of postfeminist masculinity, we analyze the emotional toll some fathers experience as a result of the fraught expectations to be the breadwinner, nurturing parent, and enlightened feminist spouse who completes equal domestic duties. Using empirical data of parents’ participation in a family‐based health intervention, we argue that the paradoxical expectation to enact traditional gender relations and to adopt gender egalitarianism is exhausting, upsetting, and confusing for fathers. By focusing on the affective dimensions of postfeminism, we demonstrate how working to achieve the impossible expectation of doing “it all,” a bind that women have been caught in for centuries, takes an emotional toll on fathers and couples, leading to discontent at work and home, and in regard to their self‐concept, parental role, and spousal relationship. We close by offering counter examples of fathers and couples who have disengaged from postfeminist parenting relations and have reached a state of contentment. Contrary to the alignment of postfeminism with positive affect, the experience of resisting postfeminist resulted in feelings of joy, pride, and satisfaction.
Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of low‐grade bauxite‐based ceramic proppant
Authors: Ding Donghai , Fang Yufei , Xiao Guoqing , Zhu Xianfeng , Fu Pengcheng , Chong Xiaochuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLow density and high strength ceramic proppant was prepared by sintering high aluminium type low‐grade bauxite and high iron type low‐grade bauxite at the temperature range from 1300℃ to 1360℃. The phase composition and micromorphology of ceramic proppant were, respectively, characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The bulk density, apparent density, and breakage ratio of ceramic proppant were tested using standard methods. The results show that mullite crystal and corundum crystal are fully developed, the spatial network structure of rod‐shaped mullite is formed, and corundum crystal is evenly distributed in the sample when the sintering temperature is 1340℃. At this temperature, the bulk density of the sample is 1.42 g/cm3, the apparent density is 2.67 g/cm3, and the breakage ratio is 5.1% under the closure pressure of 52 MPa. Then, the growth mechanism of mullite crystal in ceramic proppant was explored. The results reveal that the mullite crystal in ceramic proppant conforms to the layer growth theory. The secondary crystal nucleus is formed in the growth process and shows a step growth mechanism. With the increase in sintering temperature, the preferred orientation growth of mullite crystal finally forms needle‐like morphology.
Fast seamless joining of SiCw/Ti3SiC2 composite using electric field‐assisted sintering technique
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing , Shi Lin‐Kun , Zou Shunrui , Xu Jie , Liu Yihe , Tatarko Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA pair of Ti3SiC2 reinforced with SiC whiskers (SiCw/Ti3SiC2) composites was successfully joined without any joining materials using electric field‐assisted sintering technology at a temperature as low as 1090°C (Ti) and a short time of 30 s. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the obtained SiCw/Ti3SiC2 joints were investigated. The solid‐state diffusion was the main joining mechanism, which was facilitated by a relatively high current density (~586 A/cm2) at the joining interface. The shear strength of the sample joined at 1090°C was 51.8 ± 2.9 MPa. The sample joined at 1090°C failed in the matrix rather than at the interface, which confirmed that a sound inter‐diffusion bonding was obtained. A rapid and high efficient self‐joining process may find application in the case of SiCw/Ti3SiC2 sealing cladding tube and end cap.
Correlation between instrumental stress and oral processing property of chicken broiler breast under wooden breast myopathy
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Gao Yunfan , Li Zhen , Zheng Zimeng , Xu Xinglian , Wang Peng , Zheng Bin , Qi Zexin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWooden breast myopathy affects the quality of fresh and processed chicken breast muscle. The objective of this study was to construct a classification method by instrumental stress, and the effects of wooden breast myopathy on meat quality and oral processing property, and was to explore correlations between stress and oral processing parameters. The severity of wooden breast myopathy was highly correlated to fillet weight (R2 = 0.740), thickness (R2 = 0.826) and hardness (R2 = 0.803) (P < 0.01). The 3D scatter model based on stress is robust and reliable to classify the fillets into four categories (normal, mild, moderate and severe wooden breast fillets), avoiding manual grading. Moisture, fat, collagen, pH, drip loss, cooking loss, thawing loss, purge loss, hardness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased with the severity of wooden breast myopathy, whereas fat, ash and water/salt‐soluble protein contents significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Shear force reached the maximum (36.32 N) when this myopathy was moderate. The myopathy led to an increase in masseter activity and the particle size of the bolus. Significantly higher correlations between stress, Dx(50) (R2 = 0.790), Dx(90) (R2 = 0.771) and D[4,3] (R2 = 0.797) were found (P < 0.01). This study also showed that jaw movement and muscle activity could be used to understand the links between physical property and orally sensory property.