bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease on statin treatment
Authors: Wang Le , Cong Hongliang , Zhang JingXia , Hu YueCheng , Wei Ao , Zhang YingYi , Yang Hua , Ren LiBin , Qi Wei , Li WenYu , Liu ChunWei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The triglyceride (TG)to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has been regarded as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the association of TG/HDL-C ratio with survival in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) on statin therapy remains uncertain. The aim of the present study was to explore whether TG/HDL-C ratio predicts mortality in diabetic patients with CAD on statin treatment.Methods A total of 2080 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographic-proven CAD who were treated with statin were enrolled in the presents study. Patients were divided into tertiles according to baseline TG/HDL-C ratio. The primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Results During 4-year follow-up, 209(10.0%) patients died, 136(65.1%) caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality increased gradually with rising TG/HDL-C ratio tertiles (log-rank test, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate cox hazard regression analysis revealed that patients in tertile 3 but not teretile 2 had significantly higher rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, TG/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.21, 95% CI:1.11–1.31; P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR:1.28, 95% CI: 1.19–1.37; P < 0.001). For all-cause mortality, TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic (0.799[0.766–0.833] to 0.813[0.780–0.845]; P = 0.018), net reclassification index (NRI) (0.315; P < 0.001), and integrated discrimination index (IDI) (0.012; P = 0.003). For cardiovascular mortality, TG/HDL-C ratio significantly improved the C-statistic (0.769[0.727–0.812] to 0.810[0.771–0.849]; P = 0.001), NRI (0.442; P < 0.001), and IDI (0.039; P < 0.001).Conclusions TG/HDL-C ratio may predict mortality risk among diabetic CAD patients receiving statin treatment. These findings suggest that assessing TG/HDL-C ratio may be useful for risk stratification for mortality risk in patients with diabetes and CAD.
Scenario Simulation and Landscape Pattern Dynamic Changes of Land Use in Mining Area
Authors: Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Feng , Cong Kanglin , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we selected 11 townships with severe ground subsidence located in Weishan County as the study area. Based on the interpretation data of Landsat images, the Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between land use change and the related 7 driving factors at a scale of 60m * 60m. Using the CLUE-S model, combined with Markov model, the simulation of land use under three scenarios–namely, natural development scenario, ecological protection scenario and farmland protection scenario–were explored. Firstly, using land use map in 2005 as input data, we predicted the land use spatial distribution pattern in 2016. By comparing the actual land use map in 2016 with the simulated map of land use pattern in 2016, the prediction accuracy was evaluated based on the Kappa index. Then, after validation, the distribution of land use pattern in 2025 under the three scenarios was simulated. The results showed the following: (1) The driving factors had satisfactory explanatory power for land use changes. The Kappa index was 0.82, which indicated good simulation accuracy of the CLUE-S model. (2) Under the three scenarios, the area of other agricultural land and water body showed an increasing trend; while the area of farmland, urban and rural construction land, subsided land with water accumulation, and tidal wetland showed a decreasing trend, and the area of urban and rural construction land and tidal wetland decreased the fastest. (3) Under the ecological protection scenario, the farmland decreased faster than the other two scenarios, and most of the farmland was converted to ecological land such as garden land and water body. Under the farmland protection scenario, the area of tidal wetland decreased the fastest, followed by urban and rural construction land. We anticipate that our study results will provide useful information for decision-makers and planners to take appropriate land management measures in the mining area.
Evaluation of changes in gastrointestinal motility caused by altered thyroid function in conscious dogs
Authors: Nakazawa Nobuhiro , Sohda Makoto , Ogata Kyoichi , Baatar Seded , Ubukata Yasunari , Kuriyama Kengo , Hara Keigo , Suzuki Masaki , Yanoma Toru , Kimura Akiharu , Kogure Norimichi , Sano Akihiko , Sakai Makoto , Yokobori Takehiko , Oue Atsushi , Mochiki Erito , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Shirabe Ken , Koibuchi Noriyuki , Saeki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between thyroid function and gastrointestinal motility. We established an experimental configuration in which the feedback of thyroid function was completely removed using conscious dogs. With hypothyroidism, time of phase Ⅰ of interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) was longer, time of phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ was significantly shortened, and both the continuous time of strong tetanic contraction at antrum and 10-hours frequency of phase Ⅲ counted from the first IMC after meal significantly decreased. Whereas, hyperthyroidism caused the opposite events to those with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, We found giant migrating contractions (GMC) occurred from the upper gastrointestinal tract when we administrated high dose of thyroid hormone. One GMC occurred from anal sides propagated to cardiac, and this propagation was similar to the emesis-like interdigestive motor activity, the other GMC occurred from oral sides propagated to anal sides and this was similar to the diarrhea-like interdigestive motor activity. We examined the relationship between thyroid function and gastrointestinal hormones including of ghrelin, GLP-1, and cholecystokinin (CCK). However, we could not find significant differences under different thyroid hormone status. This is the first report that thyroid hormone activated upper gastrointestinal motility without mediating gastrointestinal hormones.
Deep Pathological Phenotyping of Dermatomyositis with Different Autoantibodies
Authors: Zeng Li , Ma Xue , Lu Jun , Gao Ming-shi , Wang Zhang-yang , Sun Chong , Xi Jian-ying , Luo Su-shan , Lin Jie , Qiao Kai , Zhao Chong-bo , Lu Jia-hong , Bu Bi-tao , Zhu Wen-hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

Dermatomyositis with different myositis-specific autoantibodies has distinctive clinical presentations. Pathological variation of patients with different antibodies has not been fully understood.
Methods

A retrospective review of muscle pathological features was performed in dermatomyositis patients with known myositis-specific antibodies.
Results

A total of 46 dermatomyositis patients with one myositis-specific autoantibody (anti-MDA5 11, anti-Mi-2 10, anti-NXP2 13, anti-TIF1γ 8, anti-SAE 4) were included and the pathological severity score was evaluated. Patients with anti-Mi-2 demonstrated higher pathological severity scores and apparent sarcolemmal complement deposition, which was in consistency of more severe muscle weakness and higher level of muscle enzymes. In contrast, patients with anti-MDA5 generally had minimal pathological changes in muscle with less inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer membrane attack complex deposition, and milder myxovirus resistance protein A upregulation. Patients with anti-SAE had more inflammatory cell infiltration and MAC deposition compared to anti-MDA5 group. Muscle pathological scores varied largely in patients with anti-NXP2 and anti-TIF1γ.
Conclusion

The muscle pathological features varies among dermatomyositis with different autoantibodies, which further indicates the heterogeneity of dermatomyositis.
Risk factors for rejection after deceased donor kidney transplantation: a mono-institutional analysis of paired kidneys
Authors: Zhang Fuxun , Liu Zhihong , Liang Jiayu , Xiong Yang , Wu Changjing , Zhang Fan , Wu Kan , Lu Yiping , Wang Xianding , Lin Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Deceased donor kidney transplantation is an important therapeutic option for end-stage renal diseases. Adverse events including acute rejection after deceased donor kidney transplantation are not uncommon and result in poor transplant outcomes. Exploration of risk factors and patient stratification is increasingly significant to improve graft survival. This study aim to evaluate and identify the risk factors for treated rejection of patients after deceased donor kidney transplantation.
Methods

Clinical and immunological data of deceased donors and corresponding recipients between 2015 and 2018 in West China Hospital were retrospectively collected. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to indicate distribution of variables. Univariate comparisons of baseline characteristics were made with Chi-square, t and Mann-Whitney U tests. Logistic regression was constructed to analysis potential risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Jordan index were generated to determine optimal cut-off value for continuous variables.
Results

Data of 123 deceased donors and 246 recipients were obtained. The median (range) age was 41(4–62) years in recipients and 39 (1–65) years in donors. The recipients who died or suffered graft loss during the follow-up period were 8 (3.3%) and 12 (4.9%) respectively. After univariate analysis and subsequent multivariate analysis, some preoperative hemato-biochemical and transplantation-related parameters including uric acid (HR 2.132, 95%CI: 1.016–4.476, P = 0.045), platelet (HR 2.202, 95%CI:1.051–4.617, P = 0.037), absolute neutrophil count (HR 2.164, 95%CI:1.018–4.599, P = 0.045) and HLA-DQ mismatch (HR 2.197, 95%CI:1.119–4.317, P = 0.022) showed statistical significance and could be considered as independent predictors for treated rejection.
Conclusions

Including unexpected serum uric acid, several hemato-biochemical and transplantation-related parameters were found to be independent risk factors for rejection, which may contribute to stratify patients and develop personalized regimen in perioperative period.
Inhaled Sphingosine Has no Adverse Side Effects in Isolated Ventilated and Perfused Pig Lungs
Authors: Carstens Henning , Kalka Katharina , Verhaegh Rabea , Schumacher Fabian , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Keitsch Simone , Sehl Carolin , Kleuser Burkhard , Wahlers Thorsten , Reiner Gerald , Koch Achim , Rauen Ursula , Gulbins Erich , Kamler Markus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) systems like XVIVOâ are more and more common in the setting of lung transplantation, since marginal donor-lungs can easily be subjected to a performance test or be treated with corticosteroids or antibiotics in high dose regimes. Donor lungs are frequently positive in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) bacterial cultures (46-89%) which leads to a donor-to-recipient transmission and subsequent to a higher risk of lung infection with reduced posttransplant outcome. We have previously shown that sphingosine very efficiently kills a variety of pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Haemophilus influenzae. Thus, sphingosine could be a new treatment option with broadspectrum antiinfective potential, which may improve outcome after lung transplantation when administered prior to lung re-implantation. Here, we tested whether sphingosine has any adverse effects in the respiratory tract when applied into the isolated ventilated and perfused lungs. Methods: A 4-hour EVLP run using minipig lungs was performed. Functional parameters as well as perfusate measurements where obtained. Biopsies were obtained 30 min and 150 min after inhalation of sphingosine. Tissue samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Hemalaun, TUNEL as well as Cy3-coupled anti-sphingosine/ceramide antibodies stainings were implemented. Results: We demonstrate that tube-inhalation of sphingosine into ex-vivo perfused and ventilated minipig lungs results in increased levels of sphingosine in the luminal membrane of bronchi and the trachea without morphological side effects up to very high doses of sphingosine. Sphingosine also did not affect functional lung performance.Conclusion: In summary, the inhalation of sphingosine results in an increase of sphingosine concentrations in the luminal plasma membrane of tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells. The inhalation has no local side effects in ex-vivo perfused and ventilated minipig lungs.
A Parametric Neutron Bragg Edge Imaging Study of Additively Manufactured Samples Treated by Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Busi Matteo , Kalentics Nikola , Morgano Manuel , Griffiths Seth , Tremsin Anton S. , Shinohara Takenao , Logé Roland , Leinenbach Christian , Strobl Markus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing technique extensively used for the production of metallic components. Despite this process has reached a status at which parts are produced with mechanical properties comparable to those from conventional production, it is still prone to introduce detrimental tensile residual stresses towards the surfaces along the building direction, implying negative consequences on fatigue life and resistance to crack formations. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a promising method adopted to compensate tensile residual stresses and to introduce beneficial compressive residual stress on the treated surfaces. Using neutron Bragg edge imaging, we perform a parametric study of LSP applied to 316L steel samples produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. We include in the study the novel 3D-LSP technique, where samples are LSP treated also during the building process, at intermediate build layers. The LSP energy and spot overlap were set to either 1.0 or 1.5 J and 40% or 80% respectively. The results support the use of 3D-LSP treatment with the higher LSP laser energy and overlap applied, which showed a relative increase of surface compressive residual stress (CRS) and CRS depth by 57% and 104% respectively, compared to the conventional LSP treatment.
Intracranial Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients, Which Risk Factors Are Important? A Study From Mixed Ethnic Population in Singapore.
Authors: Pande shrikant , Lwin May Thiri , Khine Aye Aye , Myat May Win , Lolong Lorecar , Morris Julie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD) although more common in Asians, has not been studied from Singapore population. The aim of this study is to identify prevalence ICAD in stroke subjects, its association with comorbidities, stroke subtypes and long-term survival. We performed retrospective analysis of 681 stroke patients, 327(48%) had ICAD) with 232 (71%) having one or more intracranial artery with significant stenosis. ICAD was associated with older age, ischaemic strokes, total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS), large artery strokes (p<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (PVD, p=0.018), diabetes mellitus (DM), and with history of hyperlipidemia. In addition, higher serum potassium (p=0.046) and glucose (p<0.001), lower haemoglobin (p=0.040) and aortic valve sclerosis were significantly associated with ICAD (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed a significant independent association of ICAD with advancing age, history of hyperlipidemia and DM.In ischemic strokes (489), 311(64%) had ICAD of which 229(72%) had significant stenosis. Of the 192 hemorrhagic strokes, 16 (8%) had ICAD.Conclusion: The prevalence of ICAD, especially in ischemic strokes, from our study is high. As modifiable risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and DM appear to be associated with ICAD, then proactive management of these conditions may improve long term associated complications. Prospective studies may help to validate our findings.
Post Procedural Peak Left Atrial Contraction Strain Predicts Recurrence of Arrhythmia After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wen Songnan , Indrabhinduwat Manasawee , Brady Peter A. , Pislaru Cristina , Miller Fletcher A. , Ammash Naser M. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Padang Ratnasari , Pislaru Sorin V. , Lin Grace 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Left atrial (LA) function can be impaired by the atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and might be associated with the risk of recurrence. We sought to determine whether the post-procedural changes in LA function impact the risk of recurrence following AF ablation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent AF ablation between 2009 and 2011 and underwent transthoracic echocardiography before ablation, 1-day and 3-month after ablation. Peak left atrial contraction strain (PACS) and left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF) were evaluated during sinus rhythm and compared across the three time points. The primary endpoint was atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after ablation. Results: Out of 144 patients were enrolled (mean age 61±11 years, 77% male, 46% persistent AF). PACS and LAEF initially decreased 1-day following ablation but partially recovered within 3 months in PAF patients, with a similar trend in the PerAF patients. After median 24 months follow-up, 68 (47%) patients had recurrence. Patients with recurrence had higher PACS1-day than that in non-recurrence subjects (-10.9±5.0%%vs. -13.4±4.7, p=0.003). PACS1-day -12% distinguished recurrence cases with a sensitivity of 67.7% and specificity of 60.5%. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant difference in 5-year cumulative probability of recurrence between those with PACS≥ -12 % and PACS < -12% (log rank p<0.0001). Multivariate regression showed that PACS1-day was an independent risk factor of arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions: Left atrial function deteriorates immediately following AF ablation and partially recovers in 3 months but remains abnormal in the majority of patients. PACS1-day post procedure predicts arrhythmia recurrence at long-term follow-up.
Role of the mobilome in the global dissemination of the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM
Authors: Acman Mislav , Wang Ruobing , Dorp Lucy van , Shaw Liam , Wang Qi , Luhmann Nina , Yin Yuyao , Sun Shijun , Chen Hongbin , Wang Hui , Balloux Francois 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mobile resistance gene blaNDM encodes the NDM enzyme capable of hydrolysing carbapenems, a class of antibiotics used to treat some of the most severe bacterial infections. blaNDM is globally distributed across a variety of Gram-negative bacteria and is typically located within a highly recombining transposon-rich genomic region common to multiple plasmids types. As a result of this genomic complexity the dynamics underlying the dissemination of blaNDM remain poorly resolved. In this work, we compiled a dataset of over 2000 bacterial genomes harbouring the blaNDM gene including 112 new PacBio hybrid assemblies from clinical and livestock associated isolates across China and developed a novel computational approach to track structural variants in bacterial genomes. We were able to correlate specific structural variants with plasmid backbones, bacterial host species and sampling locations, and identified multiple transposition events that occurred during the global dissemination of blaNDM. Our results highlight the most prominent transposons responsible for the global spread of blaNDM and suggest that genetic recombination, rather than mutation, was the dominant force driving the evolution of the blaNDM genomic region. By tracking the change in diversity among countries of collection of blaNDM-positive genomes, we estimate that blaNDM reached global prevalence within 8-11 years after its initial mobilization. Lastly, we observe notable correlation between plasmid backbones bearing blaNDM and the sampling location which suggests that the dissemination of resistance is mainly driven by successive between-plasmid transposon jumps with plasmid exchange being largely restricted by the boundaries defined by bacterial host-adaptation of individual plasmids.
A Data-Driven Approach to Violin Making
Authors: Gonzalez Sebastian , Salvi Davide , Baeza Daniel , Antonacci Fabio , Sarti Augusto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Of all the characteristics of a violin, those that concern its shape are probably the most important ones, as the violin maker has complete control over them. Contemporary violin making, however, is still based more on tradition than understanding, and a definitive scientific study of the specific relations that exist between shape and vibrational properties is yet to come and sorely missed. In this article, using standard statistical learning tools, we show that the modal frequencies of violin tops can, in fact, be predicted from geometric parameters, and that artificial intelligence can be successfully applied to traditional violin making. We also study how modal frequencies vary with the thicknesses of the plate (a process often referred to as plate tuning) and discuss the complexity of this dependency. Finally, we propose a predictive tool for plate tuning, which takes into account material and geometric parameters.
Tracing the Origin of Korean Invasive Populations of the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Kim Hyojoong , Kim Sohee , Lee Yerim , Lee Heung-Sik , Lee Seong-Jin , Lee Jong-Ho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Lycorma delicatula (White) suddenly arrived in South Korea where it rapidly spread out in the central region of South Korea and became a pest causing serious damage to grapevine yards. To trace the source region of its invasiveness, population genetic structures were compared between the native region, China, and the introduced regions, Korea and Japan. We examined 762 individuals from 38 different population collections using 15 microsatellite loci. Both principal coordinate and structure analyses displayed that the Chinese populations were separated into three subgroups which were located significantly apart from each other, and, among them, Shanghai population was located closest to most Korean populations. Based on the genetic relationships and structures, although the multiple introductions into South Korea occurred at least three times, the single genetic group close to Shanghai with a high density spread was estimated to be a cause of dominant genetic structure of initial invasive populations. In addition, analysis of the approximate Bayesian computation suggested simultaneous spread from two distant locations early in the invasion by artificial transportation of the host plants including egg masses. Our population genetics study can provide a precedent case with regards to identifying unnatural spreads by anthropogenic outcomes in other invasive regions.