bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprint of unconventional T‐cell response in acute hepatitis C persists despite successful early antiviral treatment
Authors: Du Yanqin , Khera Tanvi , Strunz Benedikt , Deterding Katja , Todt Daniel , Woller Norman , Engelskircher Sophie Anna , Hardtke Svenja , Port Kerstin , Ponzetta Andrea , Steinmann Eike , Cornberg Markus , Hengst Julia , Björkström Niklas K. , Wedemeyer Heiner ,   the HepNet Acute HCV Ⅳ Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnconventional T cells (UTCs) are a heterogeneous group of T cells that typically exhibit rapid responses toward specific antigens from pathogens. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes dysfunction of several subsets of UTCs. This altered phenotype and function of UTCs can persist over time even after direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐mediated clearance of chronic HCV. However, it is less clear if and how UTCs respond in acute, symptomatic HCV infection, a rare clinical condition, and if rapid DAA treatment of such patients reverses the caused perturbations within UTCs. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the phenotype and reinvigoration capacity of three major UTC populations, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ T cells, and CD4 and CD8 double‐negative αβ T cells (DNT cells) before, during, and after DAA‐mediated clearance of acute symptomatic HCV infection. Furthermore, MAIT cell functionality was systematically studied. We observed a reduced frequency of MAIT cells. However, remaining cells presented with a near‐to‐normal phenotype in acute infection, which contrasted with a significant dysfunction upon stimulation that was not restored after viral clearance. Notably, DNT and γδ T cells displayed a strong activation ex‐vivo in acute HCV infection, which subsequently normalized during the treatment. In addition, DNT cell activation was specifically associated with liver inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, these data provide evidence that UTCs respond in a cell type‐specific manner during symptomatic HCV infection. However, even if early treatment is initiated, long‐lasting imprints within UTCs remain over time.
Artificial neural network application in predicting probabilistic seismic demands of bridge components
Authors: Soleimani Farahnaz , Liu Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProbabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) of bridge components such as column and abutment are commonly developed through classical linear regression techniques in which a univariate model format is predefined in the logarithmically transformed space. The more advanced machine learning (ML)‐based PSDMs incorporate various sources of uncertainties, which eventually leads to a more credible prediction of the seismic demands of bridge components and enhances the vulnerability assessment of the overall bridge systems. Despite the emerging advancements in ML approaches, many of them have not yet been introduced to estimate bridge seismic responses. To this end, the present study seeks to develop predictive PSDMs using a reputable ML approach, the artificial neural network (ANN). Relative to the classical univariate PSDMs, the ANN‐based PSDMs improve the median estimation of demands, particularly over the large and small range of ground motion intensities and reduce the total prediction variability. Moreover, the proposed ANN‐based approach provides a generalizable model with an unbiased prediction of the seismic demands. The ANN‐based PSDMs can be further used in estimating the probability of structural damage in the fragility and risk assessment process.
Aging experiments on the 20 Ah lithium‐ion polymer battery cells
Authors: Liu Yiqun , Liao Y. Gene , Lai Ming‐Chia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe battery capacity loss and power degradation due to aging process is one of the concerns particularly in vehicle electrification. This paper investigates the effects of charging/discharging current C‐rate, operating ambient temperature, and cycling on the battery cell aging and aging progress. Two groups of aging experiments are conducted on the lithium‐ion polymer battery cells with 20 Ah capacities. The first group of aging tests investigate the effects of charging/discharging C‐rate and operating ambient temperature on the battery cell capacity after 300 cycles. After 300 cycles, the cell with 3 C‐rates charging/discharging cycling currents under 40°C ambient temperature retains 64.53% usable capacity, comparing to 94.61% usable capacity in the cell with 1 C‐rate charging/discharging cycling currents under 20°C. The second group of tests investigate the cell aging progress during 800 aging cycles under normal working conditions (1 C‐rate charging, 2 C‐rate discharging, and 25°C ambient temperature). The results show that the cell's usable capacity is 75.17% after 800 cycles. The internal resistance of the cell could be 0.0235 Ω after 300 cycles of 3 C‐rate charging/discharging cycles under 40°C, or as high as 0.034 Ω after 800 cycles of 1 C‐rate charging/2 C‐rate discharging cycles under 25°C.
What does Bill Gates' call mean? A policy transfer analysis on creating an early warning system to prevent the next pandemic
Authors: Keser Ahmet , Ozbek Cumali , Keser Elifsu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to discuss the need for an early warning system in order to prevent a new epidemic that may occur in the future and, if necessary, which system will be and how this warning system will be designed.MethodsA qualitative analysis through the World Health Organization (WHO) documents, an interview with a key expert, and a policy transfer analysis was conducted.ResultsAn early warning system is needed for new outbreaks that may occur in the future. We have seen that the Early Warning Alert and Response system (EWARs), which is implemented by WHO as a policy transfer in Syria, is successful in this area and the system can be easily adapted and established. The implementation of the system in Syria and the successful performance of the early warning system can be systematically transferred to other regions of the world with the policy transfer approach as a public health policy and the implementation phases in the study. The successful transfer of EWARs from WHO to Syria provides a good sample for the integration of a system developed by international and/or non‐governmental organizations into an administration system of a state under pandemic and crises conditions.
Major epidemiological features of first‐ever ischemic stroke in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mujanovic Adnan , Smajlovic Dzevdet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsOpacity of data on stroke for Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is mainly due to the lack of a unified national stroke registry. This article aims to present updated epidemiological data on the etiology and risk factors for first‐ever ischemic stroke in Tuzla Canton, B&H.MethodsThis retrospective hospital‐based study included all first‐ever ischemic stroke patients admitted between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 at the Neurology Department, University Clinical Center Tuzla.ResultsFirst‐ever ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 739 patients. Leading risk factors were hypertension (94%), diabetes mellitus (40.7%), and dyslipidemia (38.8%). The most common stroke subtypes were atherothrombotic (36.8%), cardioembolic (21.9%), and stroke of undetermined etiologies (19.2%). Mean NIHSS score at discharge was 13 (IQR 2‐16), and favorable patient outcome (mRs ≤2) was recorded in 26.4% patients. Men (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.24‐0.64) and younger patients (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93‐0.98) had significantly higher probability of having a favorable outcome at discharge. Dyslipidemia could be considered as a predictive factor for patient outcome (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.43‐1.00).ConclusionsMore than 92% of our patients had at least one modifiable risk factor, with hypertension and diabetes being at the forefront. One out of four patients had become functionally independent at discharge, while hospital mortality was lower than in other Eastern European countries. The overarching goal should be steered toward the development of a national stroke registry, which should be used as a reference for all further stroke management activities.
Compost topdressing to suppress necrotic ringspot and improve the overall health of Kentucky bluegrass lawns
Authors: Qian Yaling , Wilhelm Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA study was conducted in northern Colorado to evaluate the effectiveness of two compost products on the improvement of turfgrass color and quality, necrotic ringspot (NRS) disease suppression, and thatch reduction. Two Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) home lawns with a history of NRS were chosen for the study. Treatments were applied twice during the 2018 growing season after all plots were aerated and consisted of (a) inoculated compost topdressing at a rate of 66 m3 ha–1, (b) dairy manure compost topdressing at a rate of 66 m3 ha–1, (c) urea fertilizer at 49 kg N ha–1, and (d) a control (aeration only with no fertilizer or compost applied). Data were collected every 2 wk from May to October in 2018, and included the percentage of disease‐affected turf, and turfgrass color and quality. Thatch depth was measured monthly. The inoculated and conventional compost plots had less disease than the control, and the inoculated compost showed significant disease suppression earlier than conventional compost. Season‐long averages showed that the plots treated with either of the compost products had better color and turf quality than the control. When data were pooled over the course of the growing season, there were no significant differences between the two compost treatments with regard to NRS disease severity or quality. Thatch depth in plots that received inoculated compost was 17% less than in plots that received conventional compost and fertilizer. This study demonstrated that compost decreased NRS incidence and improved turf color and quality.
A putative F‐box‐domain‐encoding gene AOL_s00076g207 regulates the development and pathogenicity of Arthrobotrys oligospora
Authors: Peng Hui , Dong Xinyuan , Lu Hengqian , Kong Xiaowei , Zha Xiangdong , Wang Yongzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractF‐box protein is a key component of the Skp1‐cullin‐F‐box‐type ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF‐ULC) that marks its target proteins with ubiquitin for proteasomal degradation. In this study, we explored the potential role of AOL_s00076g207 (Aog207) in Arthrobotrys oligospora, a model fungus for studying nematodes‐fungi interactions. The Aog207 gene encodes a putative F‐box protein of the SCF‐ULC. Deletion of Aog207 could inhibit mycelial growth in TYGA and PDA media. More importantly, the conidial germination rate of ΔAog207 mutants was remarkably declined compared to that of wild‐type (WT) strain, and the mutant strains were more sensitive toward chemical stressors than the WT strain. In addition, ΔAog207 mutants generated fewer traps and captured fewer nematodes than WT strain. In summary, Aog207 disruption significantly affected the pathogenicity, mycelial growth, conidial germination, environmental adaptation and trap formation of A. oligospora. These findings may facilitate a better understanding of the nematode predation mechanism of A. oligospora and provide an experimental basis for developing biological control agents against nematodes.
Comparison of soil phosphorus index systems for grassland in the cross‐border region of Ireland#
Authors: Vero Sara E. , Doody Donnacha , Cassidy Rachel , Higgins Suzanne , Nicholl Gillian , Campbell Julie , Mellander Per‐Erik , McDonald Noeleen , Burgess Edward , Daly Karen , Sherry Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of soil phosphorus (P) tests and index systems provides a guide for agronomic nutrient requirements and is frequently also used to estimate risk of P losses to watercourses. Use of soil testing and management based on the results thereof is mandated in some regions. Several P extraction methods are available which evaluate different P pools and are designed for particular soil types. Further to this, index systems categorising specific ranges of plant‐available P, differ. Hence, translation between different tests and index systems is not straightforward. In cross‐border regions, where hydrologic basins encompass more than one political jurisdiction, different tests and rules are implemented in adjacent lands. This can create disparities in land management, confusion as to what legislation applies and obscures the impacts of best management practices at catchment scale.AimsThe aim of this research was to compare the Morgan's and Olsen soil tests used to quantify plant‐available P and the respective index systems, in a border region of the Republic of Ireland (ROI)–Northern Ireland (NI).MethodsOlsen, Morgans and water extractable P (WEP) were evaluated (n = 1,038). Statistical analysis was conducted to derive conversion equations to translate between the statutory test methods and comparison of the respective index categories was performed.ResultsThe conversion equations compared favourably with previous attempts. A stronger relationship was observed between Morgan P and WEP (R2 = 0.60) than between Olsen P and WEP (R2 = 0.45) (including pH and site as interaction factors). The ROI index system was found to indicate lower levels of plant available P in the soil compared to the NI system, for the same soils.ConclusionsThe differences in categorisation of P availability using either index system creates differences in fertiliser recommendations and also perceived aquatic risks even within small cross‐border catchments. This study points to a wider implication for international cross‐border catchments, suggesting that evaluation of the relationships between adjacent national soil index systems is required to achieve harmonised management of shared waterbodies. Neither index system is preferred, but a combination of soil P tests incorporating both agronomic and environmentally oriented analyses may have utility in future decision support tools.
Climate, glacial and vegetation history of the polar Ural Mountains since c. 27 cal ka bp, inferred from a 54 m long sediment core from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye
Authors: Lenz Marlene M. , Andreev Andrei , Nazarova Larisa , Syrykh Liudmila S. , Scheidt Stephanie , Haflidason Haflidi , Meyer Hanno , Brill Dominik , Wagner Bernd , Gromig Raphael , Lenz Matthias , Rolf Christian , Kuhn Gerhard , Fedorov Grigoriy , Svendsen John Inge , Melles Martin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBecause continuous and high‐resolution records are scarce in the polar Urals, a multiproxy study was carried out on a 54 m long sediment succession (Co1321) from Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye. The sedimentological, geochemical, pollen and chironomid data suggest that glaciers occupied the lake's catchment during the cold and dry MIS 2 and document a change in ice extent around 23.5–18 cal ka bp. Subsequently, meltwater input, sediment supply and erosional activity decreased as local glaciers progressively melted. The vegetation around the lake comprised open, herb and grass‐dominated tundra‐steppe until the Bølling‐Allerød, but shows a distinct change to probably moister conditions around 17–16 cal ka bp. Local glaciers completely disappeared during the Bølling‐Allerød, when summer air temperatures were similar to today and low shrub tundra became established. The Younger Dryas is confined by distinct shifts in the pollen and chironomid records pointing to drier conditions. The Holocene is characterised by a denser vegetation cover, stabilised soil conditions and decreased minerogenic input, especially during the local thermal maximum between c. 10 and 5 cal ka bp. Subsequently, present‐day vegetation developed and summer air temperatures decreased to modern, except for two intervals, which may represent the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period.
Use of a purified β‐glucosidase from coral‐associated microorganisms to enhance wine aroma
Authors: Su Hongfei , Xiao Zhenlun , Yu Kefu , Zhang Qi , Lu Chunrong , Wang Guanghua , Wang Yinghui , Liang Jiayuan , Huang Wen , Huang Xueyong , Wei Fen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDβ‐Glucosidases (3.2.1.21) play essential roles in the removal of nonreducing terminal glucosyl residues from saccharides and glycosides. However, the full potential and different applications of recombinant high‐yield microbial β‐glucosidase‐producing systems remain to be tackled.RESULTSA β‐glucosidase gene designated as Mg132 was isolated from a coral microorganism by high‐throughput sequencing and functional screening. The deduced amino acid sequences of Mg132 showed a highest identity of 97% with β‐glucosidase predicted in the GenBank database. This gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for the first time. The optimal pH and temperature of purified recombinant Mg132 were 8.0 and 50 °C respectively. It exhibited a high level of stability at high concentration of glucose and ethanol, and glucose concentrations below 300 mmol L–1 distinctly stimulated p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside hydrolysis, reaching 200% at 15% ethanol. The Km and Vmax values were 0.293 mmol L–1 and 320 μmol min−1 mg−1 respectively while using p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside as a substrate. Wine treated with Mg132 had an obvious positive catalytic specificity for glycosides, which give a pleasant flavor of temperate fruity and floral aromas. The total concentration of fermentative volatiles was 201.42 ± 10.22 μg L−1 following Mg132 treatment and 99.21 ± 7.72 μg L−1 in control samples.CONCLUSIONGood tolerance of winemaking and aroma fermentative properties suggest that Mg132 has potential application in aroma enhancement in wine and warrants further study. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Utility of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in cases of incomplete cytoreductive surgery
Authors: Mangieri Christopher W. , Moaven Omeed , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Erali Richard A. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is typically reserved for a complete or optimal cytoreduction. There is the potential for therapeutic effect of HIPEC with an incomplete cytoreduction, particularly for near optimal cytoreductions.MethodsRetrospective review of incomplete cytoreductions (R2b, R2c) for appendiceal and colorectal primaries. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Subgroup analysis for primary etiology and specific cytoreductive score.ResultsA total of 121 cases of incomplete CRS, 74 CRS alone, and 47 CRS‐HIPEC. For the entire study group there was a survival benefit with HIPEC. OS and PFS were 2.3 versus 1.4 (p = 0.001) and 1.6 versus 0.7 (p < 0.0001) respectively for cases with and without HIPEC. Subgroup analysis of appendiceal neoplasms, 43 CRS‐HIPEC and 50 CRS alone, found HIPEC benefit persisted; OS and PFS were 2.4 versus 1.5 (p = 0.016) and 1.7 versus 0.8 (p < 0.0001), respectively for cases with and without HIPEC. Benefit most pronounced in low‐grade cases with doubling of the OS and PFS (p = 0.004). With colorectal primary cases, 10 CRS‐HIPEC and 18 CRS alone, no difference in OS and PFS. When stratifying out by cytoreduction scores, R2b and R2c, HIPEC only provided a benefit for R2b cases; OS and PFS for R2b cases were 2.28 versus 1.01 (p = 0.011) and 1.67 versus 0.75 (p = 0.001), respectively for cases with and without HIPEC.ConclusionHIPEC has utility for incomplete cytoreductions with appendiceal neoplasms, greatest effect with low‐grade appendiceal neoplasms. HIPEC is only beneficial for near optimal cytoreductions (R2b).
Pain and Opioid Consumption Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Scott Brian L. , Pailet Jasmina , Mace Jess C. , Farrell Nyssa F. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Smith Timothy L. , Detwiller Kara Y. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisSurgeons have a critical role in the current opioid epidemic, and there is a need to prospectively understand patterns of pain and opioid use among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Study DesignProspective observational cohort.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study that included patients undergoing ESS from November 2019 to March 2020. Demographic data were collected at baseline, as was respondent information regarding preoperative anxiety, pain, and postoperative pain expectations. Opioid use was converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MME). All patients received 10 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone (75 MME). Patients quantified postoperative pain and opioid consumption via telephone follow‐up every 48 hours. The primary outcome was total MME utilized.ResultsThere were 91 patients included in the final cohort. Mean opioid use was 35.2 ± 47.3 MME. There were 29 (32%) patients who did not use any opioids after surgery, and six (7%) patients who required opioid refills. Postoperative opioid use was associated with increased preoperative anxiety (r = 0.41, P < .001), preoperative pain (r = 0.28, P = .007), and expectations for postoperative pain (r = 0.36, P < .001). Increased postoperative pain was only associated with increased opioid use on postoperative days 0–2 (r = 0.33, P = .001) and 3–4 (r = 0.59, P < .001). On multivariate regression, former smoking (β = 23.4 MME, SE = 10.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3–43.5, P = .023) and anxiety (β = 35.9, SE = 10.2, 95% CI: 15.6–56.3, P < .001) were associated with increased MME.ConclusionsThe majority of patients have minimal opioid use after ESS, and pain appears to influence opioid use within the first 4 days after surgery. Additionally, patients with anxiety may benefit from alternative pain management strategies to mitigate opioid consumption.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2096–2102, 2022
Philosophers' perceptions of pay to publish and open access in Spain: Books versus journals, more than a financial dilemma
Authors: Feenstra Ramón A. , López‐Cózar Emilio Delgado 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPay to publish and open access have been studied extensively, but less so in disciplines such as philosophy and ethics. This study examines the habits and perceptions of researchers from these two fields in Spain. The study draws on data from a survey (completed by 201 out of 541 researchers), a public debate with 26 researchers, and 14 in‐depth interviews. Our results offer some interesting insights into the criteria researchers apply when selecting publishers and journals, notably the value they place on the absence of publication fees. However, habits differ for publishing an article or a book, since payment to publish books is more widespread. The study finds contrasting views on the market for publishing books and journals: some respondents perceived what they consider to be the commercialisation of publishing in academic journals, while others provide arguments to support the Spanish book industry. Sceptical views were also voiced on pay to publish as a funding model. Finally, the study finds broad agreement among the researchers surveyed that publicly funded research should be free to read.