bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Overall James C. , Halsey Neal A. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the letters of Dr Granger and of Mr Demers in response to the Committee on Infectious Diseases (COID) statement on ribavirin in the January 1996 issue of Pediatrics.1
Dr Granger expresses concern about the use of cohort studies to assess clinical effectiveness of ribavirin therapy. The potential for nonrandom distribution of severely ill patients to treat versus no treatment (or placebo) groups in cohort studies was acknowledged in the statement.1 However, all three recent cohort studies cited in the statement2-4 performed multivariate analyses controlling for disease severity on admission and other factors known to influence clinical outcome.
Monitoring and Evaluating Managed Care for Children With Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities
Authors: Newacheck Paul W. , Stein Ruth E. K. , Walker Deborah Klein , Gortmaker Steven L. , Kuhlthau Karen , Perrin James M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. Children with chronic illnesses and disabilities are increasingly enrolling in managed care arrangements. Yet, the rapid expansion of managed care has unknown consequences for children with chronic conditions and disabilities. As managed care is likely to become the predominant mode of medical practice for children with chronic health problems, information gained from a thorough assessment of existing managed care models could be helpful in indicating adjustments and modifications that could result in improved outcomes for this population. The purpose of this article is to outline a new strategy for collecting needed information on the effects of managed care on children with chronic health problems.
Methods. We reviewed the literature on the effects of managed care on children with chronic conditions and disabilities. We identified key domains relevant to monitoring and evaluating managed care for this population.
Results. Two research approaches can provide helpful information for assessing the effects of managed care on children with chronic conditions. First, a monitoring strategy could be pursued in which enrollment trends in managed care, enrollee perceptions of access and satisfaction with care, and other general indicators of outcomes would be tracked over time using inexpensive and rapid turnaround data sources. Second, an evaluative strategy could be pursued using experimental or quasiexperimental designs, in which outcomes across a variety of domains for children with chronic conditions in managed care are compared with: (a) outcomes for the same children before enrollment in managed care; or (b) outcomes for similar children remaining in traditional fee-for-service settings. Evaluation and monitoring strategies should focus on outcomes in a number of domains including: (1) access to care; (2) utilization of services; (3) quality of care; (4) satisfaction with care; (5) expenditures for care; (6) health outcomes; and (7) family impact.
Conclusion. Assessing outcomes that result from enrollment in managed care for children with chronic health problems presents a formidable challenge. The research strategy outlined in this article presents one approach to meeting that challenge. The monitoring and evaluation strategies described here would require commitment of additional resources on the part of government, private foundations, and/or health plans. Given the paucity of existing information and the stakes for children with chronic conditions and their families, investment of added resources in a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation strategy is essential.
In Reply: Clonidine and Electrocardiograms
Authors: MALONEY MICHAEL J. , SCHWAM JEFFREY S. 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Drs Blackman, Samson-Fang, and Gutgesell's interest in our letter to the editor and the opportunity to respond to some of their comments. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists are frequently prescribing the combination of clonidine and methylphenidate to manage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who are unresponsive to other treatments. We agree that monitoring pulse and blood pressure, as well as looking for a history of cardiac sinus node dysfunction, makes clinical sense.
Regarding baseline ECGs, there does not seem to be enough data on the use of this combination of medications in children to state a definitive answer.
Outcome and Acute Care Hospital Costs After Warm Water Near Drowning in Children
Authors: Christensen David W. , Jansen Paul , Perkin Ronald M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. Predictive efforts using individual factors or scoring systems do not adequately identify all intact survivors, and therefore all drowning victims are aggressively resuscitated in most emergency departments. More reliable outcome prediction is needed to guide early treatment decisions.Methods. The charts of 274 near drowning patients admitted to Loma Linda University Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patient outcome was categorized into good (near normal function), and poor (vegetative or dead) categories. Discriminant analysis was used to identify combinations of variables most able to predict outcome and a clinical classification system was constructed. The acute care hospital costs for each group were compared.Results. Discriminant analysis classification achieved 95% accuracy, predicting death in 6 intact survivors. No combination of variables could accurately separate all intact survivors from the vegetative and dead groups. The clinical classification method achieved 93% overall accuracy, predicting death in 5 intact survivors. Of patients predicted to have a poor outcome, 5 (6.3%) survived intact. Children may experience an unpredictable, prolonged vegetative state followed by full recovery. Vegetative patients are the most expensive to care for (consuming 53% of total costs) while intact survivors are the least expensive. The majority of costs were spent on patients with poor outcome.Conclusions. Individual outcome cannot be reliably predicted in the emergency department; therefore, aggressive resuscitation of near drowning victims should be performed. Decisions to subsequently withdraw life support should be made based on integration of likelihood of survival, high (but not absolute) certainty, and parental/societal issues. The vegetative patients are the most expensive to care for, while intact survivors are least expensive. Reduction of expenditures on patients likely to have vegetative or dead outcome would result in substantial savings, but loss of normal survivors.
Rationale for endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of heart disease in children and adults
Authors: Mitrofanova L. B. , Galkovsky B. E. , Danilova I. A. , Lebedev D. S. 
Published: December 2021

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the method of choice for diagnosing a wide range of myocardial diseases.Aim. To assess the rationale for diagnostic EMB in children and adults.Material and methods. Morphological and statistical analysis of 2803 diagnostic EMBs in adults (n=811) and children (n=83), including those in heart transplantation (n=1909), was carried out.Results. In 231 (28%) cases, adults were diagnosed with myocarditis, of which in 6 patients — granulomatous, in 5 — eosinophilic and in 6 — lymphocytic-macrophage myocarditis after coronavirus infection. In children, myocarditis was found in 22 cases (27%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia took the second place in detection rate in children and adults. Immunohistochemical study revealed viral envelope protein 1 (VP1) antigen of enteroviruses in one third of myocarditis cases, and in half — other cardiotropic viruses. Dotted dystrophin expression was observed in myocarditis. A correlation was established between the perforin expression and myocarditis presence (Pearson χ2=27,8; Fisher's exact test=27,3; p=0,01).Conclusion. Analysis of diagnostic EMB results confirmed its rationale in adults and children not only for heart transplantation, but also for identifying cardiac pathology, including for myocarditis diagnosis. It has been shown that immunohistochemical study with antiviral antibodies can be considered as an alternative method for detecting viral infection. An immunohistochemical analysis for perforin and dystrophin can be recommended as additional morphological markers of myocarditis.
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Myocarditis in adults
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Paleev F. N. , Moiseeva O. M. , Dragunov D. O. , Sokolova A. V. , Arutyunov A. G. , Zhirov I. V. , Blagova O. V. , Privalova E. V. , Gabrusenko S. A. , Garganeeva A. A. , Gendlin G. E. , Gilyarevsky S. R. , Duplyakov D. V. , Zairatiants O. V. , Karateev D. E. , Koziolova N. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Kochetov A. G. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Melekhov A. V. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Narusov O. Yu. , Nasonova S. N. , Nedostup A. V. , Nikulina S. Yu. , Orlova Ya. A. , Poteshkina N. G. , Rebrov A. P. , Saidova M. A. , Sedov V. P. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Skvortsov A. A. , Skibitsky V. V. , Stukalova O. V. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Usov V. Yu. , Famin I. V. , Chesnikova A. I. , Shaposhnik I. I. , Shostak N. A. 
Published: December 2021

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Customized protocol for psychological management of a patient with residual maxillofacial defects
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Bahri Rahul , Bhandari SK 
Published: December 2021

: Maxillofacial surgeons and Prosthodontist deal with rehabilitation of defects of orofacial region but understanding the mental attitude of patients is often ignored or neglected. Success of any prosthesis relies on patient’s compliance and motivation to adjust and cope up with irreversible loss. Evaluation of psychological distress and management of the same is of utmost importance. Literature is deficit with an elaborate systematic classification system to evaluate the impact of maxillofacial defect on the psychological status of patients and role of therapy on improvement post-rehabilitation.: Am of this study is to propose a customized comprehensive protocol for evaluation of psychological status using ICD-11 classification system before and after maxillofacial prosthetic intervention and impact of psychological management tools on the same.: Ten patients with maxillofacial defects reporting for prosthetic rehabilitation were selected. Psychological evaluation tool, ICD-11 classification system was applied pre and post rehabilitation by two independent observers. Customized psychological management protocol was formulated and implemented to note the impact on overall improvement in psychological status of the patient.: Patients with severe personality trait showed varied levels of improvement ranging from no change to mild. Five patients with moderate personality trait showed improvement and change in personality trait to mild on implementation of psychological tools. Statistical evaluation could not be done due to multitude of subjective variables.: ICD-11 can be used as a successful tool for psychological evaluation of patients. Necessary intervention at every level in form of family support, support groups, psychological therapeutic modalities and therapies can improve status of the patient. A well-structured management protocol helps in early recognition of psychological distress and systematic management of the same to improve clinical outcome of the rehabilitation procedure.: Patients with maxillofacial defects experience a progressive cycle of loss and grief. This diminishes their ability to adjust to stress and acceptability towards maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation procedure. Assessment of psychological alteration using a standardized classification system and utilization of therapeutic modalities to deal with the same helps in successful rehabilitation and restoration of patient in the society as a whole.
Rozwój przestrzenny Szadku w Studium historyczno-urbanistycznym J. Goldberga
Authors: Marszał Tadeusz 
Published: December 2021

Przeglądowe kompendium wiedzy na temat dziejów miasta zostało zawarte w nigdy nieopublikowanym i istniejącym jedynie w formie maszynopisu opracowaniu autorstwa Jakuba Goldberga Studium historyczno-urbanistyczne Szadku z 1961 r. Autor, wybitny historyk polsko-izraelski, w latach 2010−2011 był członkiem rady redakcyjnej „Biuletynu Szadkowskiego”.
Studium składa się z sześciu rozdziałów, z których cztery pierwsze dotyczą dziejów Szadku od czasów średniowiecza do XIX w. Artykuł przywołuje drugą część opracowania J. Goldberga – obejmującą dwa rozdziały i załączone materiały graficzne – odnoszącą się do rozwoju przestrzennego miasta.
Assessment of the reinforcing ability of a composite bandage for modern pipeline repair systems
Authors: Savchuk Eugen , Rubashevskyi Viktor , Shukayev Sergiy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The long-term operation of pipelines, which, in many cases, exceeds their regulatory service life, causes the strain ageing of metal, as well as the appearance of local mechano-corrosive damages. In this regard, the use of composites to reinforce worn pipelines constitutes one of today’s most promising technologies.
In this study, a comparative analysis was performed between the composite-reinforced steel pipe calculations that were conducted using the finite element method (FEM), and those that were conducted in accordance with the DSTU ISO 24817:2019 standard. The FEM numerical calculations were carried out using the complete factorial experiment design (consisting of three factors at three levels, with twenty-seven calculations in total). Based on the results of these calculations, a regression model was developed to assess the circular deformation of the pipe’s outer surface depending on the thickness of the bandage, the thickness of the pipe, and the internal pressure. The FEM calculations were found to be in close agreement with analytical results.
FEATURES OF MECHANICAL TESTS OF OSTEOSYNTHESIS SYSTEMS
Authors: Shidlovskiy Mykola , Zakhovaiko Oleksandr , Dyman Marianna , Musiienko Olga 
Published: December 2021

Various methods of measuring the characteristics of stiffness and strength of systems "bone with a fracture - a means of fixation" are considered. Methods for measuring deformations of osteosynthesis systems are systematized, which take into account the nature of the action of external loads and allow to compare different systems of osteosynthesis. The rational arrangement of drugs at tests taking into account features of a structure of bones and the real loadings arising
at functioning of musculoskeletal system is recommended. It is proposed to use the stiffness characteristics of the systems "bone - means of fixation" under the action of axial compression, transverse bending and torsion, including in cyclic modes; considered systems of osteosynthesis with the most common methods of fixing fractures to select the optimal in terms of quality methods of fixing fragments in fractures. It is established that the stability indicators of osteosynthesis
systems, measured in the process of cyclic tests, are more sensitive to the type of fixing means and can be used to rank these systems according to the degree of mechanical reliability. The results of research obtained using these methods are implemented in surgical practice in the selection of optimal designs of fixation devices and the rational location of fixing elements.
Automated synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space
Authors: Polishchuk Mikhailo , Kuznetsov Yurii 
Published: December 2021

The research is devoted to the solution to the development of a methodology for the synthesis of mobile robots of arbitrary orientation in the technological space with systems for holding mobile robots on the moving surface to compensate for the gravitational and technological load. Mobile robots, also known in international publications as Climber Robot, are a new modification of mobile robots. The creation of this type of robotics is dictated by the need to perform
technological operations in such areas as monitoring industrial facilities, erection and dismantling of building structures, repair and preventive maintenance of their components, maintenance of high-rise buildings of urban utilities, forest and park woodlands, etc. The operation of mobile robots acquires particular relevance in the extreme conditions of manmade disasters, which are dangerous and even unacceptable for a person's stay. The paper proposes designs of mobile robots, which are based on new principles of their synthesis. In the performed studies, in addition to the latest patented designs of mobile robots, a strategy of active synthesis of a new class of mobile robots is proposed.
Estimation peculiarities of external polymer insulation reliability of gas-filled instrument transformers
Authors: Zhorniak Liudmyla , Afanasiev Alexej , Schus Vitaliy , Morozov Olexij , Rudenko Julia 
Published: December 2021

In the article, the authors propose a method for estimating the parameters of theoretical distributions for calculating the indicators of operational reliability. In the article, the authors propose a method for estimating the parameters of theoretical distributions for calculating the indicators of the operational reliability of a solid insulating structure of high-voltage devices, which is a supporting insulating cover for high voltage instrument transformers filled with gas as an insulating liquid. This technique makes it possible to estimate the parameters of a new distribution law, which is chosen on the condition that it does not contradict the existing distribution law with its known parameters. The developed technique makes it possible to obtain the values of the indicators of the operational reliability of high-voltage equipment by determining the parameters of theoretical distributions, if the developer is the data of experimental studies or statistical information as a result of monitoring the operation of insulating structures, taking into account the actual operating conditions of such high-voltage devices. This makes it possible to take into account the influence of external factors and performance characteristics inherent in instrument transformers, both current and voltage. In the proposed methodology, as an example, a supporting insulating casing is considered, which is during operation in the most unfavorable conditions, such as external pollution, humidification, overvoltage, etc. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the results of calculations using the example of the design of a current transformer of the ТОГ-362 series. A more accurate determination of the effectiveness of the proposed method for predicting the parameters of theoretical distribution laws can be achieved by performing an additional series of calculations and experimental tests of specific insulating structures. Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to use the results obtained to assess the operational reliability of both gas-filled instrument transformers and similar high-voltage equipment.
Voltage characteristic as a parameter for surge arrester diagnosing
Authors: Kim En Dar , Korostelev Ian 
Published: December 2021

An alternative method for field MOV surge arresters diagnosing was observed, the controlled characteristic was the surge voltage of a gap arrester. The condenser that was connected in series with gap arrester was applied as voltage measurement sensor. Electrical aging of active elements (MOV), surge arrester insulation degradation and other types of electric faults causes to voltage increase at capacitor. The voltage value can be measured directly or the energy stored in capacitor can be transformed to electromagnetic signal and, then, registered remotely by specific radio transceiver. The capacitor connected in series with the surge arrester can also be used for leakage current limitation during all the life period of surge arrester. Shunted with a spark gap and presented as the low-current gap arrester with pre-sated discharge voltage glass (porcelain) pin-cap insulator can be the simplest, but reliable sensor. Taking into consideration modern technologies the surge arrester statement continuous monitoring system can be designed. It also allows locating the place of damaged arrester that is particularly true for remote maintenance of equipped with surge protection devices electrical
Surge Mapping of Compressors to Enhance Energy Efficiency and Integrity
Authors: Abdul Shathar Sevideen , Ramakrishnan Bala Murugan , Abdul Jabbar Shafiulla , Al Mansoori Reem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ADNOC Gas Processing Ruwais NGL Plant carried out a field surge testing of one of its Centrifugal type Refrigeration compressor units in order to accurately evaluate the real surge points. Centrifugal compressors used in Gas processing plants are critical machineries consuming significant amount of energy. Unavailability of the compressor due to any failure will cause revenue loss and downtime to the plant operators. Often failure of the compressor system happens due to unstable operation caused by surge. Manufacturers build surge control systems to protect the machinery during the project stages through simulation.
However, inaccurate surge map or shifting of surge control lines during plant operation may result in energy losses or machinery damage. Surge test establishes the baseline for machine to help understand future issues better, for machinery protection, safe operation and efficiency.
Performing high risk surge testing activity in a safe and successful manner during plant operation and re-mapping resulted in optimal utilization of existing assets without the need for costly upgrades.
This innovative technique can lead to impressive improvements and benefits on equipment integrity, performance, energy efficiency, emissions and profitability. This best practice has great potential for transferability across Oil & Gas industry as such compressors and control systems are common across the industry.
This paper highlights the methodology of accurate mapping of surge control lines in a safe manner during plant operation to enhance energy efficiency of the machine by reduced gas recycles and to enhance machine integrity by avoiding early surge possibilities.