bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation: (re)production in dialogue between compulsory school teachers in Sweden
Authors: Friberg Therese 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAttributing negative categories such as ‘weak’ to pupils is a common practice in Sweden and a known phenomenon worldwide. While there has been a substantial amount of research on different expressions of ‘deviance’ in the educational arena, the research on how teachers communicate about pupils as ‘weak’ is scarce. In this study, teachers’ communication about pupils as ‘weak’ is examined in dialogues produced in focus group discussions by 29 teachers in six different Swedish compulsory schools. Through the lens of social representations theory and a dialogical perspective, this study suggests that ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation can be characterized by a range of different and sometimes contradicting themes and mainly two themata: normal/deviant and nature/nurture. The results show that ‘weak pupil’ is used as a multifaceted communicative resource to describe pupils who do not perform according to schools’ expectations. In contrast to several previous studies, the use of ‘weak pupil’ is partially challenged by participants who, to some extent, place perceived problems within the educational institution instead of the individual pupil. The study has implications for the understanding of how perceptions of normality might be perceived and collectively (re)produced in communication about pupils as well as for future research using social representations theory within the educational field.
First genome edited poinsettias: targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase using CRISPR/Cas9 results in a colour shift
Authors: Nitarska Daria , Boehm Robert , Debener Thomas , Lucaciu Rares Calin , Halbwirth Heidi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a remarkably promising tool for targeted gene mutagenesis, and becoming ever more popular for modification of ornamental plants. In this study we performed the knockout of flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) with application of CRISPR/Cas9 in the red flowering poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar ‘Christmas Eve’, in order to obtain plants with orange bract colour, which accumulate prevalently pelargonidin. F3′H is an enzyme that is necessary for formation of cyanidin type anthocyanins, which are responsible for the red colour of poinsettia bracts. Even though F3′H was not completely inactivated, the bract colour of transgenic plants changed from vivid red (RHS 45B) to vivid reddish orange (RHS 33A), and cyanidin levels decreased significantly compared with the wild type. In the genetically modified plants, an increased ratio of pelargonidin to cyanidin was observed. By cloning and expression of mutated proteins, the lack of F3′H activity was confirmed. This confirms that a loss of function mutation in the poinsettia F3′H gene is sufficient for obtaining poinsettia with orange bract colour. This is the first report of successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in poinsettia.
When learning from animations is more successful than learning from static pictures: learning the specifics of change
Authors: Ploetzner Rolf , Berney Sandra , Bétrancourt Mireille 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe results of three meta-analyses show that the effectiveness of learning from animations, when compared to learning from static pictures, is rather limited. A recent re-analysis of one of these meta-analyses, however, supports that learning from animations is considerably more effective than learning from static pictures if the specifics of the displayed changes need to be learned. In order to further validate this finding as well as to clarify the educational strengths and weaknesses of animations and static pictures, an experimental study with three groups was conducted. Overall, 88 university students participated in the study. One group of learners (n = 30) watched a single picture of a gear mechanism, one group of learners (n = 28) watched four pictures, and one group of learners (n = 30) watched an animation. All groups had to identify specific motions and spatial arrangements covered by the gear mechanism. While learners who watched the animation exhibited the best performance with respect to the identification of motions, learners who watched the pictures showed the best performance with respect to the identification of spatial arrangements. The effect sizes are large. The results of the study help to clarify when animations and when static pictures are most suitable for learning.
Gesundheitskompetenz und Gesundheit von Studierenden unter besonderer Betrachtung der Lehramtsstudierenden
Authors: Hohensee Elena , Schiemann Stephan 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ungefähr die Hälfte der Studierenden weist eine eingeschränkte Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) auf. Bislang werden Lehramtsstudierende in Studien zur GK selten adressiert. Im Kontext von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung erscheint dies aber ein bedeutsames Thema für die Lehrkräfteausbildung zu sein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Erfassung, Vergleich, Zusammenhänge und deren Analyse bezogen auf die erweiterten Fähigkeiten der GK und des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustands von Lehramtsstudierenden (LS) und Nicht-Lehramtsstudierenden (NLS).

Material und Methode
An der Online-Erhebung haben 303 Masterstudierende (LS = 195/ NLS = 108) teilgenommen, die mittels Fragebogen die GK (nach Lenartz) und den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand (nach WHO) erfasst hat. Die statische Auswertung berücksichtigte t‑Tests, Produkt-Moment-Korrelationen und multivariate Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Mit Ausnahme der Verantwortungsübernahme weisen LS im Vergleich zu NLS signifikant höhere Werte in den übrigen Fähigkeiten der GK auf. Die niedrigsten Ausprägungen sind in beiden Gruppen in den Fähigkeiten zur Selbstregulation (SR) sowie Kommunikation und Kooperation (KUK) zu verzeichnen. LS und NLS unterscheiden sich nicht-signifikant in Bezug auf den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand. Knapp jeder dritte Studierende weist einen schlechten Gesundheitszustand auf. Bezüglich der Zusammenhänge nimmt die Fähigkeit zur SR eine vorgeordnete Rolle ein und stellt den statistisch stärksten Prädiktor dar.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Bedeutung der GK für den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand. Es lassen sich Interventionen ableiten, die die Fähigkeiten zur SR und KUK fördern. Im Hochschulsetting sollten Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden, die die frühzeitige und stetige Förderung der GK für Studierende ermöglichen, u. a. da die späteren Lehrkräfte wichtige Multiplikatorenfunktionen ausüben.
Uniformization with Infinitesimally Metric Measures
Authors: Rajala Kai , Rasimus Martti , Romney Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider extensions of quasiconformal maps and the uniformization theorem to the setting of metric spaces X homeomorphic to $${{\mathbb {R}}}^2$$

R

2

. Given a measure $$\mu $$
μ
on such a space, we introduce $$\mu $$
μ
-quasiconformal maps$$f:X \rightarrow {{\mathbb {R}}}^2$$

f
:
X
→

R

2

, whose definition involves deforming lengths of curves by $$\mu $$
μ
. We show that if $$\mu $$
μ
is an infinitesimally metric measure, i.e., it satisfies an infinitesimal version of the metric doubling measure condition of David and Semmes, then such a $$\mu $$
μ
-quasiconformal map exists. We apply this result to give a characterization of the metric spaces admitting an infinitesimally quasisymmetric parametrization.
The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system
Authors: Ramchandani Girish , Millar Robbie , Wilson Darryl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe existence of home advantage (HA) has been found in a variety of team sports including football. There is a paucity of research on the relationship between team ability and HA in domestic football leagues and the findings of previous studies are inconclusive. Using longitudinal data from the top four football divisions in England, this study investigates the influence of team ability on the HA of teams. The data collected for this study spans 24 seasons from 1995/96 to 2018/19 and includes 48,864 matches from the English Premier League (n = 9120), the Championship (n = 13,248), League One (n = 13,248) and League Two (n = 13,248). Team ability was interpreted in two ways: (1) the division in which teams play and (2) their league table position within each division. For both the divisional and positional analysis, HA was calculated as the ratio of home points to total points achieved by teams in each season under review. Evidence of a statistically significant HA was found in all four divisions and for teams of all abilities within each division. Small but statistically significant differences in HA were observed between divisions and between high, moderate and low ability teams within divisions.
Can we routinely identify the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves with neural monitoring?: a prospective report on 176 consecutive nerves at risk
Authors: Del Rio Paolo , Bonati Elena , Loderer Tommaso , Rossini Matteo , Cozzani Federico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) provides motor function to the cricothyroid muscle (CTM). EBSLN damage produces changes in voice quality and projection. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery aims to optimize EBSLN control during dissection. We prospectively collected the data of 88 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with IONM from July 2019 to December 2019. IONM was offered in the intermittent mode of application. We routinely searched for the EBSLN electromyographic (EMG) signal before (S1) and after (S2) dissection of the superior vascular peduncle. In the absence of the EMG signal, we observed the CTM twitch. We identified 141 (80%) S1 EMG signals, while we recorded the CTM twitch in 15 cases (8.5%). In 20 (11.3%) cases, we were unable to identify the EMG signal. Analysing the S2 results, we found loss of EBSLN signal in 11/141 cases (7.8%) identified with IONM in pre-dissection stimulation. Among the 20 cases without pre-dissection identification (we had not identified the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve or the muscle twitch), in the post-dissection evaluation, we confirmed the loss of signal in 17 of 20 cases, equal to 85% (p < 0.001). Our data clearly show that intraoperative stimulation and recognition of EBSLN, performed before any dissection manoeuvre to the superior vascular thyroid pole, leads to a much higher rate of nerve conservation.
New Approaches in Drug Dependence: Opioids
Authors: Mielau Juliane , Vogel Marc , Gutwinski Stefan , Mick Inge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article aims to provide an overview of standard and adjunctive treatment options in opioid dependence in consideration of therapy-refractory courses. The relevance of oral opioid substitution treatment (OST) and measures of harm reduction as well as heroin-assisted therapies are discussed alongside non-pharmacological approaches.

Recent Findings
Currently, recommendation can be given for OST with methadone, buprenorphine, slow-release oral morphine (SROM), and levomethadone. Heroin-assisted treatment using diamorphine shall be considered as a cost-effective alternative for individuals not responding to the afore-mentioned opioid agonists in order to increase retention and reduce illicit opioid use. The modalities of application and the additional benefits of long-acting formulations of buprenorphine should be sufficiently transferred to clinicians and the eligible patients; simultaneously methods to improve planning of actions and self- management need to be refined. Regarding common primary outcomes in research on opioid treatment, evidence of the effectiveness of adjunctive psychological interventions is scarce.

Summary
Maintaining a harm reduction approach in the treatment of opioid addiction, a larger range of formulations is available for the prescribers. Embedding the pharmacological, ideally individualized treatment into a holistic, structure-giving concept also requires a reduction of fragmentation of ancillary services available, drug policies, and treatment philosophies on a global scale.
Dissent and rebellion in the House of Commons: a social network analysis of Brexit-related divisions in the 57th Parliament
Authors: Intal Carla , Yasseri Taha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe British party system is known for its discipline and cohesion, but it remains wedged on one issue: European integration. We offer a methodology using social network analysis that considers the individual interactions of MPs in the voting process. Using public Parliamentary records, we scraped votes of individual MPs in the 57th parliament (June 2017 to April 2019), computed pairwise similarity scores and calculated rebellion metrics based on eigenvector centralities.
Comparing the networks of Brexit- and non-Brexit divisions, our methodology was able to detect a significant difference in eurosceptic behaviour for the former, and using a rebellion metric we predicted how MPs would vote in a forthcoming Brexit deal with over 90% accuracy.
Statistical analysis of helium bubbles in transmission electron microscopy images based on machine learning method
Authors: Wu Zhong-Hang , Bai Ju-Ju , Zhang Di-Da , Huang Gang , Zhu Tian-Bao , Chang Xi-Jiang , Liu Ren-Duo , Lin Jun , Sun Jiu-Ai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHelium bubbles, which are typical radiation microstructures observed in metals or alloys, are usually investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the investigation requires human inputs to locate and mark the bubbles in the acquired TEM images, rendering this task laborious and prone to error. In this paper, a machine learning method capable of automatically identifying and analyzing TEM images of helium bubbles is proposed, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the investigation. In the proposed technique, helium bubble clusters are first determined via the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm after removing the background and noise pixels. For each helium bubble cluster, the number of helium bubbles is determined based on the cluster size depending on the specific image resolution. Finally, the helium bubble clusters are analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model, yielding the location and size information on the helium bubbles. In contrast to other approaches that require training using numerous annotated images to establish an accurate classifier, the parameters used in the established model are determined using a small number of TEM images. The results of the model formulated according to the proposed approach achieved a higher F1 score validated through some helium bubble images manually marked. Furthermore, the established model can identify bubble-like objects that humans cannot facilely identify. This computationally efficient method achieves object recognition for material structure identification that may be advantageous to scientific work.
Effects of the oral probiotics to control pain and stress disorders of cyclical mastalgia associated with fibrocystic breast changes; a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Davoodabadi Abdulhosein , Rohani Seyed Hamed , Hajian Abbas 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast fibrocystic changes (FCC) is the most common benign breast lesion among females in productive age. Cyclical pain is the most common symptom of the lesion which decreases life quality and worsens stress disorders of sufferers. The study aimed to evaluate effects of oral probiotics to confront such pain and stress among females.

Method:
In this randomised, double-blind controlled trial finally 50 eligible women with cyclical mastalgia due to the FCC aged between 18 and 40 years were enrolled. They were allocated in placebo and probiotic receivers. Subjects in the latter received a daily capsule containing of 2 × 109 colony forming units of probiotic microorganisms. Patients underwent a 12 weeks survey. The Visual analog scaling instrument was applied to measure pain severity. Blood samples were sent to evaluate hs-CRP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde and total plasma gluthation. Stress disorders including of depression, anxiety and sleep quality also were investigated by standard relative questionnaires.

Results:
Probiotic receivers showed meaningful decrease in cyclical mastalgia (p < 0.01) after 12 weeks probiotic consumption. Additionally plasma level of hs-CRP (p = 0.03) decreased concurrently with significant increase in TAC (p = 0.04) level among probiotic receivers. Probiotics helped better recovery from depressive symptoms although influenced positively neither anxiety nor sleep quality.

Conclusion:
This study showed that oral probiotic consumption should be considered to control the pain in cyclical mastalgia contributing to FCC of the breast.

Highlights
High-resolution X-ray flash radiography of Ti characteristic lines with multilayer Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope at the Shenguang-II Update laser facility
Authors: Yi Shengzhen , Zhang Feng , Huang Qiushi , Wei Lai , Gu Yuqiu , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-resolution X-ray flash radiography of Ti characteristic lines with a multilayer Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope was developed on the Shenguang-II (SG-II) Update laser facility. The microscope uses an optimized multilayer design of Co/C and W/C stacks to obtain a high reflection efficiency of the Ti characteristic lines while meeting the precise alignment requirement at the Cu Kα line. The alignment method based on dual simulated balls was proposed herein, which simultaneously realizes an accurate indication of the center field of view and the backlighter position. The optical design, multilayer coatings, and alignment method of the microscope and the experimental result of Ti flash radiography of the Au-coned CH shell target on the SG-II Update are described.
Empiricalα–βrunout modelling of snow avalanches in the Catalan Pyrenees
Authors: Oller Pere , Baeza Cristina , Furdada Glòria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA variation in theα−βmodel which is a regression model that allows a deterministic prediction of the extreme runout to be expected in a given path, was applied for calculating avalanche runout in the Catalan Pyrenees. Present knowledge of major avalanche activity in this region and current mapping tools were used. The model was derived using a dataset of 97 ‘extreme’ avalanches that occurred from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 21st century. A multiple linear regression model was obtained using three independent variables: inclination of the avalanche path, horizontal length and area of the starting zone, with a good fit of the function (R2= 0.81). A larger starting zone increases the runout and a larger length of the path reduces the runout. The new updated equation predicts avalanche runout for a return period of ~100 years. To study which terrain variables explain the extreme values of the avalanche dataset, a comparative analysis of variables that influence a longer or shorter runout was performed. The most extreme avalanches were treated. The size of the avalanche path and the aspect of the starting zone showed certain association between avalanches with longer or shorter runouts.
The lichen genus Villophora (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota)
Authors: Søchting Ulrik , Søgaard Majbrit Zeuthen , Sancho Leo Garcia , Arup Ulf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere lichen genus Villophora in subfamily Teloschistoideae is analyzed based on DNA sequence data. Six species are described, five of which are new to science: V. darwiniana and V. wallaceana grow on lignum and bark in southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; V. onas and V. patagonica are lichenicolous or saxicolous on rocks in southern Patagonia; V. rimicola is saxicolous in Antarctica. Based on a three-gene DNA analysis, Tayloriellina is shown to be closely related to Villophora, and Tayloriellina microphyllina is established as a new combination. A key is provided to all species of the two genera. Raesaeneniana maulensis is combined into Villophora.
Food addiction and weight in students with high academic performance
Authors: Tserne Tatyana A , Borisenkov Mikhail F , Popov Sergey V , Bakutova Larisa A , Jongte Lalremruati , Trivedi Amit K , Pecherkina Anna A , Dorogina Olga I , Martinson Ekaterina A , Vetosheva Valentina I , Gubin Denis G , Solovieva Svetlana V , Danilova Lina A , Turovinina Elena F , Symaniuk Elvira E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationships between food addiction (FA), anthropometric characteristics and academic performance.Design:The average age (sd) of the participants was 17·5 (sd 2·7) years (64·1 % female). Each study participant indicated their sex, height, weight and academic performance and completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Setting:Syktyvkar, Kirov, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Aizawl, India.Participants:The study involved 3426 people.Results:FA was found in 8·7 % of participants from Russia and 14·6 % from India. In schoolchildren but not in university students, high academic performance was associated with a higher incidence rate of FA detection (OR = 1·16, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·26) and a lower BMI (OR = 0·72, 95 % CI 0·56, 0·94).Conclusions:These data showed an increased incidence rate of FA detection in adolescents with high academic performance.
Mothers’ perceptions on and learning from infant and young child-feeding videos displayed in Mother and Child Health Centers in Kenya: a qualitative and quantitative approach
Authors: Schneider Lauriina , Kosola Mikko , Uusimäki Kerttu , Ollila Sari , Lubeka Crippina , Kimiywe Judith , Mutanen Marja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective was to explore mothers’ perceptions on educational videos on infant and young child-feeding practices, and to assess whether viewing frequencies would influence maternal knowledge, attitudes and feeding practices (KAP).Design:A set of forty-seven videos were displayed in health centres for 6 months. At 3 months, we conducted focus group discussions (FGD) with mothers and, at 6 months, administered KAP-questionnaire-based interviews to mothers. Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared groups according to video viewing frequencies.Setting:The study was conducted in a slum in Nairobi and a rural area in Machakos, Kenya. We installed TV screens in waiting rooms of six Mother and Child Health Centers, where mothers could choose to watch them.Participants:Forty-three mothers with children aged 0–48 months participated in six FGD and 547 mothers of children aged 0–23 months in KAP interviews.Results:The mothers from the FGD found the videos acceptable and beneficial. Videos enhanced mothers’ learning and empowered them to support others in learning. The KAP data showed that after adjustments, breast-feeding (P = 0·06), complementary feeding knowledge (P = 0·01), complementary feeding attitudes (P = 0·08) and hygiene knowledge and practices (P = 0·003) were better among mothers who had seen videos three to four times, or five or more times, compared with mothers who had seen the videos once or twice.Conclusions:Videos were an accepted form of education and were beneficial when watched repeatedly. The videos could be a good addition to current infant and young child-feeding education efforts in Kenya.
Taxes and the revaluation of household wealth
Authors: Wolff Edward N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI compare pre-tax and post-tax wealth levels and trends after netting out implicit taxes on tax-deferred assets and accrued capital gains. The analysis covers 1983–2016 for net worth (NW) and augmented wealth (AW), which includes pension and Social Security wealth. Netting out implicit taxes substantially reduces growth in mean and median NW and AW. However, the upward trajectory in NW and AW inequality is basically unchanged from using post-tax values. I also introduce bequest wealth, the value of the estate including death benefits. It is notably more equal than NW and has grown faster over time.