bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastically Broken Inversion Symmetry of Van der Waals Topological Insulator for Nanoscale Physically Unclonable Functions
Authors: Kim Gunhyoung , Lee Jinhyoung , Seok Hyunho , Kang Taewoo , Lee Minyoung , Choi Hyunbin , Son Sihoon , Cho Jinill , Lee Dongho , Son Seowoo , Hwang Hosin , Shin Hyelim , Han Sujeong , Woo Gunhoo , Ollier Alexina , Kim Yeon‐Ji , Fang Lei , Lee Seunghwan , Han Gyuho , Jung Goo‐Eun , Lee Youngi , Kim Hyeong‐U. , Park Jungwon , Heinrich Andreas , Jang Won‐Jun , Kwon Seok Joon , Kim Taesung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOwing to the exotic state of quantum matter, topological insulators have emerged as a significant platform for new‐generation functional devices. Among these topological insulators, tetradymites have received significant attention because of their van der Waals (vdW) structures and inversion symmetries. Although this inversion symmetry completely blocks exotic quantum phenomena, it should be broken down to facilitate versatile topological functionalities. Recently, a Janus structure is suggested for asymmetric out‐of‐plane lattice structures, terminating the heterogeneous atoms at two sides of the vdW structure. However, the synthesis of Janus structures has not been achieved commercially because of the imprecise control of the layer‐by‐layer growth, high‐temperature synthesis, and low yield. To overcome these limitations, plasma sulfurization of vdW topological insulators has been presented, enabling stochastic inversion asymmetry. To take practical advantage of the random lattice distortion, physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have been suggested as applications of vdW Janus topological insulators. The sulfur dominance is experimentally demonstrated via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hysteresis variation, cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, and adhesion energy variation. In conclusion, it is envisioned that the vdW Janus topological insulators can provide an extendable encryption platform for randomized lattice distortion, offering on‐demand stochastic inversion asymmetry via a single‐step plasma sulfurization.
Regulating the Isomerization Geometry and Energy State of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Chen Hongni , Li Daohao , Lin Min , Wang Qian , Zou Yihui , Ran Jiaxun , Xing Yali , Long Xiaojing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEmbedding isomer entities onto crystalline frameworks with precisely defined spatial distributions represents a promising approach to enhancing the efficiency of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, accurately constructing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to regulate energy state effectively remains a significant challenge. Herein, an innovative geometric isomerization strategy aimed at minimizing the rotational barrier energy (ΔE), average local ionization energy (ALIE), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for ORR within COFs is proposed. Based on this strategy, isomeric Py‐COF‐αα with 2,2‐substitution, Py‐COF‐ββ with 3,3‐substitution, and Py‐COF‐αβ with 2,3‐substitution on the mainchain frameworks have been obtained. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption capabilities are finely tuned through isomer modification, yielding a precisely controllable chemical activity. Notably, Py‐COF‐αβ with lower ΔE between thiophenes achieves remarkable performance, evidenced by a half‐wave potential of 0.77 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing most reported metal‐free electrocatalysts. Combined with theoretical prediction and in situ Raman spectra, it is revealed that the increased dipole moment and non‐uniform charge distribution caused by isomer endows pentacyclic‐carbon (thiophene β‐position) far from sulfur atoms with efficient catalytic activity. This work has opened up a novel paradigm for the isomerization of COFs and underscores the pivotal role of charge regulation in facilitating efficient catalysis.
Etchless InSe Cavities Based on Bound States in the Continuum for Enhanced Exciton‐Mediated Emission
Authors: Chen Wenduo , Zhu Song , Cui Jieyuan , Wang Chongwu , Wang Fakun , Dai Mingjin , Liu Hanyu , Yang Yuhui , Duan Ruihuan , Chae Sang Hoon , Liu Zheng , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, fervent research interest is sparked to indium selenide (γ‐InSe) due to its dazzling optical and electronic properties. The direct bandgap in the near‐infrared (NIR) range ensures efficient carrier recombination in InSe, promoting impressive competency for lavish NIR applications. Nevertheless, the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of InSe is significantly limited by out‐of‐plane (OP) excitons, adverse to practical devices. Herein, a facile and effective solution is proposed by introducing photonic bound‐states‐in‐the‐continuum (BIC) modes to enhance excitons in InSe through strengthened exciton‐photon coupling. This cavity is constructed simply by patterning a polymer grating onto the InSe flake without an etching process, achieving an impressive PL enhancement of over 200 times. By adjusting the cavity resonance wavelength, it can selectively amplify the exciton emission or the exciton‐exciton scattering process, which is not observable off‐cavity at room temperature. Additionally, the second harmonic generation (SHG) process in InSe can also be largely enhanced by over 400 times on the cavity. Notably, the etchless cavity design can be further extended to other nanostructures beyond grating. This research presents a feasible and efficient approach to enhancing the optical performance of OP excitons, paving a prospective avenue for advanced linear and nonlinear photonic devices.
Corrosion‐Resistant, Water‐Repellent, and Anti‐Icing Properties of the Fabricated Slippery Liquid‐Infused Porous Surface (SLIPS) on TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Farhadi Shiraz Reza , Mozammel Mahdi , Emarati Seyed Masoud , Jafari Robabeh , Safari Afsaneh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA durable slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) was fabricated on the TiO2 nanotubes (NTs). First, TiO2 nanotubes are processed on a titanium substrate via anodic oxidation. The anodized surface was then modified by ethanol, distilled water, and trimethoxy(propyl)silane (TMPSi) to reduce its surface energy. Krytox GPL 105 Oil was then infused on the prepared surface. The prepared samples were then characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier‐Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR), water contact angle measurement (WCA), polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses, and also some related tests regarding treatment stability and durability of the surface including water flotation, abrasion with SiC grit paper, adhesive tape peeling, and surface bending were carried out. Also, the anti‐icing properties of the SLIPS sample were investigated. Water contact angle measurement confirms that titanium's anodic oxidation makes the surface more hydrophilic, reducing the WCA to 49°. By modifying the surface, the WCA reached 166° and the surface became superhydrophobic. After Krytox GPL 105 Oil infusion, the WCA decreased to 118°. test results indicate that the corrosion current densities measured for titanium, anodized titanium, and SLIPS titanium samples were 3.165 × 10−7, 1.884 × 10−7, and 7.053 × 10−8, respectively.
Solution‐Processed Bismuth Oxide Iodide/Organic‐Semiconductor Heterojunction for UV–vis‐NIR Photoresponsive Electronics
Authors: Dacha Preetam , Lapalikar Vaidehi , Rohitlal Anju Kumari , Hambsch Mike , Ruck Michael , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe emerging light absorber material bismuth oxide iodide BiOI, possesses convenient solution processibility and excellent chemical stability under ambient conditions along with a high light absorption coefficient reaching 5·104 cm−1. Classified as “defect‐tolerant,” BiOI is considered a green and low‐cost alternative to lead‐halide perovskites in optoelectronic devices. Its investigation in photoresponsive electronic devices, however, is limited due to its anisotropic carrier mobility and unique morphology in thin films. To utilize the advantageous properties of BiOI, in this work, it is integrated into a phototransistor as a bilayer heterojunction with the organic semiconductor DPPDTT. The smooth interfaces and higher carrier mobility of DPPDTT compared to BiOI and its hydrophobic nature enable their synergistic hybridization in a heterojunction that is optically active from the UV to the NIR region. The unencapsulated heterojunction phototransistors are stable for at least three months under atmospheric conditions. They show a high Ilight/Idark current ratio of over 104 at only 0.7 mW·cm−2 irradiation intensity at all investigated wavelengths, and a specific detectivity up to 5·1012 Jones. Initial synaptic measurements additionally reveal a neuromorphic behavior in the devices. This work charts a course towards the realization of cost‐effective high‐performance photoresponsive electronics for diverse applications.
Strategies for Designing Anti‐Chlorine Corrosion Catalysts in Seawater Splitting
Authors: Deng Peng‐Jun , Xue Ruirui , Lu Jiajia , Tsiakaras Panagiotis 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe seawater splitting for green hydrogen production is emerging as a key research focus for sustainable energy. Nevertheless, the inherent complexity of seawater, with its diverse ion composition – especially chloride ions, calcium ions, and magnesium ions – poses significant challenges in catalyst design. Designing highly active electrocatalysts that can resist chloride ion corrosion during seawater splitting is still a challenge. This article presents an overview of the fundamental mechanisms of seawater splitting and explores issues encountered at both the cathode and the anode electrode. The focus then shifts to chlorine corrosion at the anode, examining recent advances in preventing chlorine corrosion strategies. Notably, these design strategies, such as the anionic passivation layers, corrosion‐resistant metal doping, physical barrier layers, in situ phase transition‐driven seawater desalination, and decoupled seawater splitting, are comprehensively investigated, all of which aim to enhance the catalytic stability in seawater splitting. The review concludes with an outlook on the practical applications and challenges of producing green hydrogen through seawater splitting.
Surface Topography Optimization Engineering: Stabilizing Zinc Metal Anode/Aqueous Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry
Authors: Cheng Zihai , Fu Jimin , Kang Peng , Yao Haimin , Mo Funian , Hu Haibo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnstable metallic Zn anode (MZA)/electrolyte interfacial chemistry has long blocked the practical implementation of aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, this study presents an innovative surface topology optimization engineering via an efficient laser‐texturing technique to achieve the front‐end design of MZA for enhanced interface stability. Specifically, the laser‐textured MZA features an in situ formed ZnO coating with a high‐density, ordered micro‐pits array architecture (LT‐Zn@ZnO). Systematic experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that the LT‐Zn@ZnO ensures a more uniform electric field distribution and stronger corrosion resistance than pristine Zn foil. These enhancements effectively suppress dendrite proliferation and hydrogen evolution on the LT‐Zn@ZnO surface, achieving more stable LT‐Zn@ZnO/electrolyte interfacial chemistry. Therefore, the LT‐Zn@ZnO acquires exceptional electrochemical reversibility, sustaining over 1840 h at 10 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. This results in the assembled large‐sized (24 cm2) LT‐Zn@ZnO||Ti@MnO₂ pouch cell achieving a higher initial capacity of 158.6 mAh and significantly improved rechargeability, retaining 105 mAh after 400 cycles, compared to that employing untreated Zn foil, which has an initial capacity of 144.7 mAh and failed in fewer than 200 cycles. The presented surface topography optimization strategy offers an innovative solution for front‐end design enhancement of MZA, leading to improved electrochemical reversibility toward ZMBs with satisfactory rechargeability.
Effect of Deep Eutectic Solvent on the Graphitization and Thermal Properties of Polyimide Films
Authors: Huang Jintao , Lv Haoxin , Zhao Xiaojun , Lee Jong‐Min , Min Yonggang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOverheating of electronic devices reduces lifespan and increases safety risks. The use of graphite films with high thermal conductivity to enhance thermal dissipation in electronic equipment is of significant importance. This study used urea‐choline chloride (UCC) to modify polyimide (PI) films from two different monomer systems, which were then graphitized to prepare a novel graphite film with high thermal conductivity. The direct formation of hydrogen bonds between poly(amic acid) (PAA) and UCC facilitates the ordered structure during thermal imidization, enhancing the graphitization degree and thermodynamic properties of PI films. The results indicate that the graphitization degree of PI films increased from 30% to over 59% in the 4,4′‐oxydianiline‐pyromellitic dianhydride (OPU) system and from 80% to over 92% in the 4,4′‐diaminobenzoyltiphenylamine‐3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DBU) system. Notably, 4,4′‐oxydianiline‐pyromellitic dianhydride‐3.5 wt% urea‐choline chloride (OPU35) and 4,4′‐diaminobenzoyltiphenylamine‐3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride‐3.5 wt% urea‐choline chloride (DBU35) exhibited the highest thermal conductivity in their respective systems, with coefficients of 45 and 742 W/m K, representing 200% and 47.8% improvements over pure PI‐based graphite films. This provides a new material for heat dissipation in electronic devices.
Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Write the Script of Cancer Obesity Paradox
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Mishra Alok K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObesity paradoxically advances cancer progression while enhancing certain immunotherapies, like anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1. Bader et al. discovered that obesity‐driven factors increase PD‐1 on tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), suppressing anti‐tumor responses. Remarkably, anti‐PD‐1 therapy reverses this metabolic dysfunction, boosting immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) effectiveness by reactivating PD‐1+ TAMs.
Lower Limb Ischemia Caused by Aortic Atherosclerosis Localized in the Horseshoe Renal Isthmus
Authors: Senda Keisuke , Nagahara Naoki , Inoue Minami , Nishikawa Ken , Aizawa Katsuyuki , Takeuchi Takahiro , Ohtsu Yoshinori , Tsunemoto Hideo , Suzuki Chihiro , Yasukochi Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntermittent claudication in patients with horseshoe kidneys may arise from sclerotic changes in the aorta due to compression by the renal isthmus. Vascular disease is a relatively lesser‐known extrarenal complication of horseshoe kidneys, but it warrants attention.
Management of Rare Case of Missed Fracture‐Dislocation of Second and Third CMC Joints: A Missed Injury Case Report
Authors: Dorji Yeshi , Thrinley Ugyen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIsolated fracture‐dislocation of the second and third carpometacarpal joints (CMC) is very rare, and it is commonly misdiagnosed. Injury to this joint is usually associated with high‐energy trauma, like a motor vehicle accident. Despite correct diagnosis, optimal treatment for these injuries is still controversial. We present a 31‐year‐old male patient with a history of one‐month‐old injury to his right hand following a motorcycle accident. Initially, he was treated by one of the orthopedic surgeons elsewhere and misdiagnosed as having blunt trauma to the hand. On presentation, he complained of persistent pain and swelling with deformity of the right hand following the initial treatment he received. Apparently, only AP and Oblique radiographs of the hand were taken. Treatment On clinico‐radiological evaluation, he was found to have a fracture dislocation of 2nd and 3rd CMC joints. He was managed with open reduction and percutaneous pinning with K‐wires. Since the majority of these injuries have a higher chance of misdiagnosis, we recommend careful clinical examination, a high index of suspicion in cases of high‐energy injury, and taking all three standard view radiographs of the hand.
Congenital Partial Hypoplasia of the Lower Lip: A Rare Form of 28–29 Tessier Cleft? Report of a Case
Authors: Rios Olina , Lafontaine Virginie , Debortoli Cyril , Savoldelli Charles , Morand Beatrice 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe aim to describe a case of congenital partial hypoplasia of the lower lip in a 2‐year‐old child. The presence of a gingival notch, a mucosal bridle, and difficulties with tooth eruption raised the possibility of a modified 28–29 Tessier cleft. However, other hypotheses have been proposed as the anomaly does not conform to standard cleft anatomical findings.
Enhancing Sodium Ion Battery Performance through Biphasic Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Kang Seung‐Jun , Park Sung‐Joon , Nam Kwan Woo , Yu Seung‐Ho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiphasic layered cathodes represent a strategic advancement in overcoming the inherent limitations of single‐phase materials by synergistically integrating distinct phase characteristics. Among these, the P2/O3 biphasic cathode stands out due to its integration of the rapid diffusion kinetics of the P2 phase with the high capacity of the O3 phase, resulting in superior battery performance. Given the critical role of phase ratio in determining the performance of biphasic cathodes, this work systematically examines the influence of synthesis methods, sintering temperatures, and sodium and dopant compositions on phase modulation. A comprehensive analysis of the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the P2/O3 cathode is conducted, with findings correlated to electrochemical data to elucidate how thermodynamic stability and efficient diffusion kinetics contribute to enhanced functionality. Finally, a brief overview of other biphasic cathodes is provided, comparing their distinctive properties relative to those of the P2/O3 system.
Diiron(IV)‐Oxo Species and Water Oxidation: How Crucial is Electronic Cooperativity?
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Rajaraman Gopalan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWater splitting, crucial for generating oxygen and hydrogen, remains a central challenge in chemistry due to its importance in developing sustainable energy sources and addressing environmental concerns. Consequently, numerous complexes have been developed to split water and release oxygen and hydrogen, albeit typically requiring external sources such as thermal, photo, or electrochemical methods. In this context, the discovery of a (μ‐oxo)bis(μ‐carboxamido) diiron(IV) complex, [FeIV₂O(L)₂]2+ (L=N,N‐bis‐(3’,5’‐dimethyl‐4’‐methoxypyridyl‐2’‐methyl)‐N’‐acetyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane), which activates both C−H and O−H bonds without external stimuli, has attracted significant attention. Notably, this complex generates hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) without O₂ evolution and displays termolecular kinetics, presenting a rare and intriguing mechanistic puzzle. In this work, we explore the catalytic mechanism of water oxidation by this diiron(IV) complex using DFT methods. Our computational findings validate experimental observations regarding the necessity of a second water molecule in the reaction, revealing a bifurcated electron‐proton transfer (BEPT) pathway driven by termolecular reactivity. Moreover, we highlight the crucial role of excess water molecules in stabilising the reaction intermediates, particularly via interaction with the ‐OMe groups to form a water cluster model. The inclusion of explicit water molecules was found to reduce the activation barrier to 23.5 kJ/mol from the reactant and 62.7 kJ/mol from the reactant complex, whereas, with only one water molecule present, the barrier was 344.3 kJ/mol, highlighting the critical role of the adventitious water molecule at the active site. Our study underscores the importance of metal‐metal cooperativity, ligand design, spin‐state modulation, and second‐sphere effects in shaping the catalytic behaviour. These insights provide a detailed understanding of the electronic structure and reactivity, offering valuable guidelines for future catalyst design in water oxidation and beyond.
Assessing the 53‐Year Epidemiological Trends of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Saghravanian Nasrollah , Tajdini Yasamin , Saeedi Pooya , Ghorbani Mahsa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeast Iran over a 53‐year period.Material and MethodsIn this retrospective study, we obtained data on OSCC cases in Northeast Iran spanning 53 years (1970–2022), including demographic details, such as age, sex, site, and histopathological grade. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and frequencies were compared using the chi‐squared test to evaluate differences between sexes, age groups, cancer sites, and histopathological grades. Additionally, we assessed the associations of each OSCC site with age, sex, and histopathological grade. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a confidence interval of 95%.ResultsThis study examined 13,769 cases, among which 507 were diagnosed with OSCC, accounting for 3.68% of the total cases. The mean age was 59.27 ± 14.94 years, with a significantly higher prevalence of OSCC among individuals older than 50 years (p < 0.001). There were nearly equal proportions of males and females, with the tongue being the most common site (28.4%), followed by the gingiva (26.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.5%). Grade 1 (well differentiated) OSCC was significantly more prevalent (54%) than other grades. There was a significant association between sex and tongue SCC in females (p = 0.006) and between sex and lip SCC in males (p = 0.008). Prevalence in individuals above 50 was significant for the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lip (p = 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.028, respectively). In the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and floor of the mouth, grade 1 was significantly more prevalent (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study revealed that OSCC predominantly affects individuals older than 50 years, with nearly equal prevalence between sexes. The most commonly affected sites are the tongue and gingiva, often exhibiting grade 1 histopathological findings. Enhanced community awareness of risk factors and regular oral examinations are essential for reducing the incidence of OSCC.