bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Spatial Mismatches Between Marine Predators and Their Prey in the Southern Hemisphere in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Bas Maria , Ouled‐Cheikh Jazel , Fuster‐Alonso Alba , Julià Laura , March David , Ramírez Francisco , Cardona Luis , Coll Marta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGlobal change is rapidly reshaping species' habitat suitability ranges, hence leading to significant shifts in the distribution of marine life. Contrasting distributional responses among species can alter the spatial overlap between predators and prey, potentially disrupting trophic interactions and affecting food web dynamics. Here, we evaluate long‐term changes in the spatial overlap of habitat suitability ranges for trophically related species, including crustaceans, fish, penguins, and pinnipeds across 12 Large Marine Ecosystems from the Southern Hemisphere, merged into three primary regions: South America, Southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand. To this aim, we first use Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) to hindcast and project species‐specific changes in suitable habitat from 1850 to 2100 under two future climate scenarios: SSP1‐2.6 (low climate forcing) and SSP5‐8.5 (high climate forcing). We then analyze changes in species habitat suitability and potential predator–prey spatial overlaps. Findings reveal that marine species generally exhibit changes in their suitable habitats, with pronounced shifts towards higher latitudes under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. However, contrasting trends emerge among predators across functional groups and regions of South America, Southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand. These variations highlight the need for species and regional‐specific management responses. We also project contrasting spatial mismatches between predators and prey: predators experiencing declines in suitable habitat tend to exhibit greater overlap with their prey in future scenarios, whereas those with expanding suitable habitat show reduced spatial overlap with their prey. This study provides valuable insights that can inform spatial management strategies in response to climate change and illustrate how climate change may weaken species' ability to adapt to climate‐driven environmental changes due to trophic disruptions.
Combination of Biochar‐Based Fertilisers and Reactive Barriers Improved Soil Carbon Storage, Soil Moisture Retention, and Crop Yield in Short Term
Authors: Omidvar Negar , Joseph Stephen , Dissanayake Lakmini , Farrar Michael B. , Reverchon Frédérique , Burnett Russell , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Amarasinghe Apsara , Tahery Sara , Xu Zhihong , Timms Wendy , Elliott Brittany , Liu Hongdou , Hosseini Bai Shahla 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change threatens long‐term soil health because of increased severity and frequency of drought periods. Applying biochar to soils before a drought can increase non‐biochar soil carbon (C) and water storage over the long term and sustain crop yield. However, the on‐farm benefit of buried solid biochar and applied liquid biochar at low rates remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of two novel biochar‐based soil amendments on soil C, water storage and crop yield. The biochar‐based amendments included a biochar reactive barrier (RB) made by layering wood‐based biochar, straw mulch and cow manure into a series of open surface trenches, and a liquid biochar mineral complex (BMC) applied twice, at low rate (200 kg ha−1) to one side of RB (fertilised area), while the other side of RB received no treatments (non‐fertilised area). Moisture concentration within the RB ranged from 6.76% up to 56.68% after large rainfall, more than double the surrounding soils and gradually started migrating from the RB outwards. Soil within 50 cm distance of the RB showed a 24.5% increase in non‐biochar soil C compared with soil at 600 cm distance of the RB, 2.54% versus 2.04%, respectively, in the non‐fertilised area, which was supported with lowering soil microbial activity. Pasture yield increase was associated with liquid BMC fertiliser rather than proximity to the RB. Pasture yield was 44% higher in the fertilised area compared with the non‐fertilised area 27.89 t ha−1 versus 19.31 t ha−1. Approximately 158 kg CO2e was removed from the atmosphere for each cubic meter of RB and an annual removal of 150 kg CO2e ha−1 was estimated by liquid BMC application. Income earned by increased yield was still profitable even though applied liquid BMC could cost between USD 400–520 ha−1 including shipping costs. Overall, our study suggested biochar‐based RB and BMC fertilisers can effectively increase soil moisture retention while building non‐biochar soil C storage in the surrounding soil. The adoption of biochar‐based techniques has the potential to improve drought resilience while increasing soil C in wide range of non‐irrigated cropping systems.
Development and validation of a new tool for simultaneous screening of malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia in older adults
Authors: Haroun Ahmed Mohammed Hassan , Mohamed Mona Hegazy , Gawad Marwa Abd El Azeem Abd EL , Rasheedy Doha 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe high prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia among older adults presents a significant health care challenge, underscoring the need for effective screening tools. Given the frequent overlap of these conditions, a tool capable of simultaneously screening for all three conditions is imperative.MethodsThe development process included an extensive review of existing assessment instruments and data on risk factors, clinical presentations, and consequences of the three conditions. The tool underwent rigorous testing to evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of 300 older adults. It was compared against standard diagnostic criteria and assessed alongside other screening tools, including the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form, the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire and the Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia.ResultsEighteen percent (n = 54) of participants were diagnosed with an overlap of the three conditions, 10% (n = 30) of cases presented with sarcopenia alone and 3% (n = 10) were diagnosed with malnutrition only. The new tool demonstrated Cronbach's alpha of 0.818 and high construct validity. The newly developed tool and Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form had the highest diagnostic accuracy for predicting the malnutrition and sarcopenia. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire had the highest diagnostic accuracy for predicting cachexia, whereas the Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia exhibited the lowest diagnostic accuracy across all conditions. The retention criteria for items were deemed valid for the 19 items included in the finalized version of the new tool.ConclusionsScreening for malnutrition, sarcopenia and cachexia in older adults using a single tool was feasible. The new tool was easy to use and did not require anthropometric measurements or physical performance tasks. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Serum alpha‐fetoprotein/hepatocyte growth factor ratio as a novel biomarker predicting the prognosis of acute alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Inada Hiroki , Nagaoka Katsuya , Hashimoto Kenyu , Toyota Toshinori , Narahara Satoshi , Kurano Sotaro , Tokunaga Takayuki , Tanaka Kentaro , Yoshimaru Yoko , Iio Etsuko , Watanabe Takehisa , Setoyama Hiroko , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimAcute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) can be fatal, particularly when it progresses to severe alcoholic hepatitis. There are several prognostic markers, but none specifically reflects liver regenerative capacity. This study investigated the serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ratio as a novel prognostic indicator for AAH.MethodsA single‐center retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 AAH patients, including 12 with severe alcoholic hepatitis, hospitalized between April 2007 and September 2023. Serum AFP and HGF levels were measured at diagnosis, and the AFP/HGF ratio was calculated. Prognostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and a validation cohort of 67 non‐alcohol‐related liver failure cases.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated excellent prognostic performance for the AFP/HGF ratio, with an area under the curve of 0.97. Patients with high AFP/HGF ratios (≥1.86) had significantly longer overall survival than those with low ratios (<1.86; p < 0.001). The median survival time for the low‐ratio group was 55 days. In severe alcoholic hepatitis patients, a high AFP/HGF ratio was also associated with significantly longer overall survival (p = 0.013). At diagnosis, surviving patients had significantly higher AFP/HGF ratios when compared with subsequently deceased patients (p = 0.005). In the non‐AAH cohort, no significant difference was observed between groups, but survivors showed a trend toward higher AFP/HGF ratios.ConclusionThe AFP/HGF ratio is a novel and highly specific prognostic marker for AAH, reflecting liver regenerative capacity. It may guide early therapeutic decisions and improve outcomes, particularly for high‐risk AAH patients.
The Interplay of Mind and Body: The Impact of Influencers' Body Size and Motivation Appeals
Authors: Cho Yoon‐Na , Taylor Charles Ray , Panteqi Mivena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSocial media influencers have become increasingly prominent in advertising, and many play a role in shaping body image perceptions. This research proposes that disclosing influencers' body size through hashtags can help mitigate issues related to body image that have historically arisen from viewer exposure to idealized body images in advertising while promoting informed consumer decisions. Across two experiments, we investigate how body size hashtags and the type of motivation appealed to (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) influence social comparison, perceptions of influencer attractiveness, and purchase intention. Results reveal that individuals engage in more social comparisons when viewing an ad in which a larger‐sized influencer and an appeal to intrinsic motivations are used. We also identify social comparisons and perceived attractiveness as key mechanisms linking the effects of body size hashtags and motivation appeals to purchase intention. Managerial and societal implications are discussed.
The Online Presence During Synchronous Classes of Secondary Students in Chile: The Need to Incorporate Socio‐Emotional Knowledge and Teaching Strategies
Authors: Baeza Alfoncina , Hinostroza J. Enrique 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAfter the mandated closure and reopening of schools during and after the coronavirus pandemic, online synchronous teaching and learning has emerged as an opportunity to expand the reach of K‐12 education, however, there is a lack of understanding about the characteristics of the successful learning experiences during that period that could be transferred to the present. Therefore, students' experiences during that period constitute an opportunity to learn about the teaching strategies that enabled positive learning experiences under such conditions.ObjectivesUnderstand the experience of high‐school students during online classes and characterise the strategies that enabled positive learning perceptions.MethodsTen high‐school students were selected and asked to describe positive and negative episodes during online synchronous classes using a narrative research technique. Based on the Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework, each presence (cognitive, social, and teaching) and its categories were investigated. The way that students experienced remote learning was defined using targeted content‐analysis techniques.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that students reported experiences in which cognitive, social and teaching presences from the original framework emerge, as well as learning and emotional presence, highlighting the key relevance of teaching presence in articulating the activities as well as the other presences. Also, they highlight the relevance of the structure, content and tone of the classes, the need to develop teachers' socio‐emotional knowledge and pedagogy, and their awareness and active consideration of the emotional consequences of their instructional strategies.
The Use of Gut Organoids: To Study the Physiology and Disease of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Deng Ya , Yuan Xiaolu , Lu XianMin , Wu Jiangbo , Luo Chen , Zhang Ting , Liu Qi , Tang Siqi , Li Zhuo , Mu Xingyi , Hu Yanxia , Du Qian , Xu Jingyu , Xie Rui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe intestinal flora has attracted much attention in recent years. An imbalance in the intestinal flora can cause not only intestinal diseases but also cause a variety of parenteral diseases, such as endocrine diseases, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Research on the mechanism of disease is likely to be hampered by sample accessibility, ethical issues, and differences between cellular animal and physiological studies. However, advances in stem cell culture have made it possible to reproduce 3D human tissues in vitro that mimic the cellular, anatomical and functional characteristics of real organs. Recent studies have shown that organoids can be used to simulate the development and disease of the gut and intestinal flora and have a wide range of applications in intestinal flora physiology and disease. Intestinal organoids provide a preeminent in vitro model system for cultivating microbiota that influence GI physiology, as well as for understanding how they encounter intestinal epithelial cells and cause disease. The mechanistic details obtained from such modelling may provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of many gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Researchers are now starting to take inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, and the rise of interdisciplinary approaches, including organoid chip technology and microfluidics, has greatly accelerated the development of organoids to generate intestinal organoids that are more physiologically relevant and suitable for gut microbiota studies. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of gut biology and the application of organoids to study the pathophysiology of diseases caused by intestinal dysbiosis.
The Overexpression of RTN4 Significantly Associated With an Unfavourable Prognosis in Patients With Lower‐Grade Gliomas
Authors: Feng Jing , Zhao Lin , Chen Huiyan , Lin Jianhai , Shang Mingchao , Xu Baoqing , Wang Xinpeng , Ma Danyu , Zhou Jinping , Zhao Hu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGliomas, the most prevalent primary malignancy of the central nervous system, is characterised by its high mortality rates and unfavourable prognosis. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of glioma pathogenesis remain elusive. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases provided the lower‐grade gliomas (LGG) transcriptome and related clinical data, which were downloaded separately. It was determined what the clinical data differences were between the two groups based on the median reticulon‐4 (RTN4) expression group. The R language's survminer tool was utilised to examine the variations in survival between the RTN4 high and low‐expression groups. The GeneMANIA database was searched for genes that might interact with RTN4, and these genes were then used to create extensive coexpression networks. Cox regression analysis, both univariate and multivariate, was used to filter out the independent prognostic factors influencing tumour growth. Based on independent prognostic parameters, a nomogram was created to predict prognosis. The model was assessed both internally and externally using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and correcting curves. The R cibersort package was utilised to assess the level of immune infiltration abundance. We further validated our findings with clinical tissues using immunohistochemistry approaches. Statistical significance was determined using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, with a p value of < 0.05 considered significant. RTN4 expression in the tumour group was higher than in the normal group (p < 0.001), and a high‐expression level was linked to a poor prognosis (p = 0.028). Patients with elevated RTN4 expression exhibited significant differences from normal brain tissue samples when stratified analysis of LGG patients by sex or radiation treatment was performed (p < 0.001). The immune cell infiltration data demonstrated that the two groups' expressions of various immune cells differed, with pDC cells showing the greatest correlation (−0.421). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression study showed that RTN4, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, 1p19q codeletion and nia age could be employed as independent prognostic factors for LGG, and the correction curve of the model fit well. Ultimately, clinical samples' immunohistochemistry revealed that RTN4 was markedly overexpressed in low‐grade gliomas. High RTN4 expression was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in LGG patients. RTN4 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with LGG and represents a potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy in this patient population.
CBP/CREB Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes by Interacting With SERCA
Authors: Zhouguo Yiran , Yuan Zhiyong , Abdul Mannan , Xi Shun , Wei Tao , Yan Wei , Wang Yanan , Guo Rui , Xing Quansheng , Zhou Qing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common congenital heart disease. In this study, we proposed that cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB)‐binding protein (CBP) regulates the proliferation and apoptosis in TOF by interacting with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA). To confirm this, we collected right ventricle tissue samples from TOF patients during surgery to correct the deformity and from the donors. We performed IHC, IF, RT‐qPCR, WB and ChIP experiments. The analysis of these experiments shows that the expression of CBP is higher in TOF patients than in healthy individuals. Further, the RT‐qPCR results indicated that the CBP and SERCA mRNA in TOF patients were significantly higher than in the healthy donors. Similarly, WB results suggested that the expression of CBP and SERCA was predominantly elevated in TOF patients compared to healthy individuals. Further, the AC16 cell line with CBP knockdown reveals high expression of the Edu compared to normal cells, and the percentage of the cell cycle in the M phase was elevated in the CBPi group. In addition, the CCK‐8 cell viability assay showed more proliferation in the CBPi group than in the control group at different time points. Moreover, the RT‐qPCR results indicated a lower expression of SERCA after the knockdown of CBP and CREB. Finally, the ChIP assay shows that CREB binds to the promoter of SERCA, and the CBP enrichment decreased after the CREB knockdown. In conclusion, these results suggest that CBP interacts with SERCA to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis during heart development and that up‐regulation of CBP leads to TOF.
Aquaculture Equipment as a Fomite for Transmission of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus: Insights From a Case Study for Assessing Cross‐Contamination
Authors: Kawato Yasuhiko , Takada Yuzo , Matsuyama Tomomasa , Kurobe Tomofumi , Honryo Tomoki , Shirakashi Sho , Masuma Shukei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis is a case study that assessed risk factors for transmission of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) focused on cross‐contamination of aquaculture equipment in semi‐open system aquaculture. Our investigation during the RSIV outbreak in the fish farm demonstrated that equipment used for collecting dead fish, such as landing nets and gloves, was highly contaminated with RSIV. Based on the results, a daily operation for collecting dead fish was implemented, starting with net pens where no disease occurred, followed by the net pen where the RSIV outbreak occurred to prevent fomite transmission via RSIV‐contaminated equipment. In addition, the landing nets used for collecting dead fish were disinfected at the end of each day to avoid carryover of the virus to the following day. RSIV was not transmitted to the other net pens in the fish farm for more than 30 days. However, once an RSIV outbreak occurred in the net pen that was upstream in the operation for collecting dead fish, RSIV was transmitted to all net pens in approximately 1 week, implying that the transmission was caused by cross‐contamination. This study suggested that appropriate hygiene management is important to prevent fomite transmission between net pens, even in semi‐open system aquaculture.
Individualized Net Benefit of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in SPRINT
Authors: Jamshidian Mitra S. , Scherzer Rebecca , Estrella Michelle M. , Kravitz Richard L. , Boxer Rebecca S. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Berry Jarett D. , de Lemos James A. , Ginsberg Charles , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G. , Ascher Simon B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe optimal blood pressure (BP) target for older adults with hypertension remains controversial, particularly among those with advanced age, frailty, or polypharmacy. This study estimated the individualized net benefit of intensive BP lowering among community‐dwelling older adults in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).MethodsAmong 5143 SPRINT participants age ≥ 65 years, Cox models were internally validated to predict an absolute difference in risk between treating to a systolic BP target of < 120 versus < 140 mm Hg for all‐cause death, cardiovascular outcomes, cognitive outcomes, and serious adverse events. Treatment effects were combined using simulated preference weights into individualized net benefits, representing the weighted sum of risk differences across outcomes. Net benefits were compared across categories of age (65–74 vs. ≥ 75 years), SPRINT‐derived frailty status (fit, less fit, and frail), and polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications).ResultsWhen simulating preferences for participants who view the benefits of BP lowering (reduction in death, cardiovascular events, and cognitive impairment) as much more important than treatment‐related harms (e.g., acute kidney injury and syncope), the median net benefit from intensive BP lowering was 4 percentage points (IQR: 3–6), and 100% had a positive net benefit favoring intensive BP lowering. When simulating benefits and harms to have similar, intermediate importance, the median net benefit was 1 percentage point (IQR: 0–2), and 85% had a positive net benefit. Participants with advanced age and frailty had greater net benefits from intensive BP lowering despite experiencing more harm in both simulations, and those with polypharmacy had greater net benefits when benefits were viewed as much more important than harms (p < 0.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionsAmong community‐dwelling older adults with hypertension in SPRINT, almost all participants had a net benefit that favored a systolic BP target of < 120 mm Hg, but the magnitude of net benefit varied according to estimated risks and simulated preferences.