bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing innovative work behaviour: the role of servant leadership and creative self-efficacy
Authors: Ghulam Jan Ghulam Jan , Zainal Siti Rohaida Mohamed , Lata Lata 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of an emerging and idealized leadership style in hospitality research such as servant leadership on employees’ innovative work behavior (IWB) via creative self-efficacy. This study also aims to investigate the moderating role of knowledge sharing between creative self-efficacy and IWB.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from employees working in four- and five-star hotels in Pakistan. Partial least square-structural equation modeling via Smart PLS was used for data analysis.FindingsFindings of the study reported the significant mediating effect of creative self-efficacy beliefs between servant leadership and IWB. Furthermore, the relationship between creative self-efficacy and IWB was strengthened to the extent that knowledge sharing among employees in the hotel firms was high.Practical implicationsPractitioners looking to enhance creative self-efficacy and IWB can do so by developing the servant leadership qualities of managers.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by showing creative self-efficacy as a crucial mediating mechanism through which servant leadership enhances employees’ IWB in the hospitality industry. Moreover, the findings add understanding in the body of knowledge that knowledge sharing among members in hospitality firms play boundary condition in the creative self-efficacy-IWB linkage.
Development and characterization of epoxy resin composite reinforced with bamboo fiber and bagasse as filler
Authors: Sukumar Nachiappan , Bayeleyegn Mekonnen , Aruna Sampath 
Published: June 2021

PurposeRecently, composites have concerned considerable importance as a potential operational material. Lots of work have been carried out to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. The main aim of this paper is to develop bamboo mat as reinforcing material with bagasse fiber as filler using epoxy resin matrix composite.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, the effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite with bagasse as filler has been developed and investigated. The extracted bamboo fibers were treated with NaOH to improve the surface roughness fiber. Using treated and untreated bamboo fiber handwoven mat has been produced to be used as reinforcement and bagasse fiber has been converted into powder to be filled as filler. Composite material is fabricated using bamboo fiber and bagasse fiber as filler with epoxy resin as a matrix using hand layup technique.FindingsThen, tensile, flexural and compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted on sodium hydroxide treated and untreated fiber composites. The test results comparing with and without alkali treated composites show that there was significant change in their strength and water absorption properties on alkali treated fiber.Originality/valueThis study is an original research paper.
On the effect of irradiance on dimensional accuracy in multijet fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Mele Mattia , Campana Giampaolo , Monti Gian Luca 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The amount of radiated energy is known to be a crucial parameter in powder-bed additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The role of irradiance in the multijet fusion (MJF) process has not been addressed by any previous research, despite the key role of this process in the AM industry. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between irradiance and dimensional accuracy in MJF.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental activity was carried out to map the relationship between irradiance and dimensional accuracy in the MJF transformation of polyamide 12. Two specimens were used to measure the dimensional accuracy on medium and small sizes. The experiment was run using six different levels of irradiance. For each, the crystallinity degree and part density were measured.

Findings
Irradiance was found to be directly proportional to part density and inversely proportional to crystallinity degree. Higher irradiance leads to an increase in the measured dimensions of parts. This highlights a predominant role of the crystallisation degree and uncontrolled peripherical sintering, in line with the previous literature on other powder-bed AM processes. The results demonstrate that different trends can be observed according to the range of sizes.
Exploring relationship between crude oil price volatility and stock indices movement using wavelet analysis: evidence from India and China
Authors: Mishra Shekhar , Debasish Sathya Swaroop 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the linkage between fluctuations in the global crude oil price and equity market in fast emerging economies of India and China.Design/methodology/approachThe present research uses wavelet decomposition and maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT), which decompose the time series into various frequencies of short, medium and long-term nature. The paper further uses continuous and cross wavelet transform to analyze the variance among the variables and wavelet coherence analysis and wavelet-based Granger causality analysis to examine the direction of causality between the variables.FindingsThe continuous wavelet transform indicates strong variance in WTIR (return series of West Texas Instrument crude oil price) in short, medium and long run at various time periods. The variance in CNX Nifty is observed in the short and medium run at various time periods. The Chinese stock index, i.e. SCIR, experiences very little variance in short run and significant variance in the long and medium run. The causality between the changes in crude oil price and CNX Nifty is insignificant and there exists a bi-directional causality between global crude oil price fluctuations and the Chinese equity market.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, very limited work has been done where the researchers have analyzed the linkage between the equity market and crude oil price fluctuations under the framework of discrete wavelet transform, which overlooks the bottleneck of non-stationarity nature of the time series. To bridge this gap, the present research uses wavelet decomposition and MODWT, which decompose the time series into various frequencies of short, medium and long-term nature.
The scope of exclusionary public response to the European refugee crisis
Authors: NORDØ ÅSTA DYRNES , IVARSFLATEN ELISABETH 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe know from previous research that an exclusionary reaction in public opinion is likely following a sudden and large‐scale influx of refugees of the sort experienced in many European countries in 2015. Yet, we know much less about the scope of these expected reactions. This article makes a conceptual and empirical contribution to the analysis of the scope of exclusionary reactions following a refugee crisis. Conceptually, we distinguish between three scope dimensions: substantive reach, duration and politicization. Empirically, we evaluate each of the scope dimensions using seven‐wave panel‐data collected before, during and after the large‐scale influx of refugees to Norway. We find that the expected exclusionary reaction (a) spilled over to opinion about immigration broadly speaking; (b) endured in that it lasted long after the situation in Norway had been brought under control; (c) encompassed voters of all political stripes. Nevertheless, we also document an important limitation to the scope of the reaction: The sudden influx of refugees to Norway did not cause a permanent shift in public opinion. Approximately two years after the situation had been brought under control, opinion about both refugee rights and immigration generally had reverted back to pre‐crisis baseline levels. Interestingly, the conceptual and empirical analysis suggests that public opinion dynamics following a sudden and large‐scale influx of refugees is similar to that found in response to other forms of large national or international crises.
Back to Amido Black: Uncovering touch DNA in blood‐contaminated fingermarks
Authors: Harush‐Brosh Yinon , Levy‐Herman Yael , Bengiat Ravell , Oz Carla , Levin‐Elad Michal , Horowitz Michal , Faerman Marina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlood‐contaminated fingermarks (FMs) found in violent crime scenes may directly connect the suspect to the crime by linking the FM to the suspect and the DNA from the blood to the victim. However, marks that are incomparable are considered “dead‐evidence” as the link to the suspect is lost. In this study, a novel approach was attempted to uncover the trace amount of touch DNA of the suspect in such marks. We examined the effect of two enhancement methods, ninhydrin (NIN) and amido black (AB), on DNA recovery from blood‐contaminated FMs. A total of 108 fingerprints were deposited in three sets of depleted blood prints, blood‐contaminated FMs, and latent FMs. All FMs were developed by either NIN or AB, or left undeveloped as reference followed by the quantification of the total DNA amount. This work shows that while AB had a detrimental effect on the quantity of blood‐derived DNA specifically, reducing it by half, no similar effect was observed for touch DNA in latent FMs. This reduction led to the alteration of the major‐to‐minor DNA profile ratio to 70:30, thus enabling to obtain two distinct DNA profiles of the suspect from the touch DNA as well as the victim's profile from the blood. From an operational perspective, the use of AB in crime scenes may have an added value to retrieve the crucial DNA profile of the suspect, thus resurrecting a “dead‐evidence.”
A comparison of Janus kinase inhibitor safety in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nash Peter , Lim Irwin , Marabani Mona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe last decade has seen considerable advancement in the treatment options available to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the development of oral, small molecules that target and inhibit Janus kinases (JAKi). These drugs have a rapid onset of action, disrupting the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and preventing the production of cytokines involved in inflammatory processes. They have the potential to provide immunomodulatory benefits across a broad range of diseases. This narrative review focuses on the safety profile of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib. Although JAKi have been shown to be effective in the treatment of RA, it is posited that they have different selectivities, which are likely to affect their safety profiles in RA patients. Currently, there are limited long‐term safety data available, with most data coming from randomized controlled trials. However, the data that are available show that upadacitinib and filgotinib may have improved safety profiles. This is particularly true in relation to herpes zoster, venous thromboembolism, and gastrointestinal perforation. Future research is needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of switching between JAKi when a previous JAKi has not been tolerated or has been ineffective.
‘Powerful knowledge’, ‘cultural literacy’ and the study of literature in schools
Authors: Eaglestone Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is no doubting the influence of E.D. Hirsch and Michael Young on UK education policy and practice over the last ten years. Hirsch’s notion of ‘cultural literacy’ and Young’s idea of ‘powerful knowledge’ are the theoretical drivers of a national shift towards ‘knowledge‐led’ or ‘knowledge‐rich’ school curricula. Evidence of this shift is plain to see in the current iteration of the National Curriculum for England and in the mission statements of a growing number of schools and academy trusts across the country.According to Robert Eaglestone, however, there is a mistake under the floorboards of the new, knowledge‐rich curriculum. It is a mistake that damages and distorts teaching in a number of curriculum subjects, but Eaglestone ‐ a literary critic and theorist ‐ focuses on its disastrous impact on the teaching of literature. Both Hirsch and Young fall prey to scientism: they take knowledge in the natural sciences as a template for knowledge across the board. Eaglestone shows first how scientism is baked into the theories of ‘cultural literacy’ and ‘powerful knowledge’, then how the adoption of these theories in schools has disfigured and diminished the teaching of literature.Eaglestone’s argument is arresting, timely and compelling. For those tasked with planning and teaching English curricula in schools, his penetrating analysis of where things have gone wrong and how to put them right will be revelatory and transformative. And for those concerned with curriculum theory and education policy more generally, it will reinvigorate and reorient the debate about what is helpful and what is not in the work of E.D. Hirsch and Michael Young.
Enhanced NRF2 expression mitigates the decline in neural stem cell function during aging
Authors: Anandhan Annadurai , Kirwan Konner R. , Corenblum Mandi J. , Madhavan Lalitha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough it is known that aging affects neural stem progenitor cell (NSPC) biology in fundamental ways, the underlying dynamics of this process are not fully understood. Our previous work identified a specific critical period (CP) of decline in NSPC activity and function during middle age (13–15 months), and revealed the reduced expression of the redox‐sensitive transcription factor, NRF2, as a key mediator of this process. Here, we investigated whether augmenting NRF2 expression could potentially mitigate the NSPC decline across the identified CP. NRF2 expression in subventricular zone (SVZ) NSPCs was upregulated via GFP tagged recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV‐NRF2‐eGFP), and its cellular and behavioral effects compared to animals that received control vectors (AAV‐eGFP). The vectors were administered into the SVZs of aging rats, at time points either before or after the CP. Results indicate that animals that had received AAV‐NRF2‐eGFP, prior to the CP (11 months of age), exhibited substantially improved behavioral function (fine olfactory discrimination and motor tasks) in comparison to those receiving control viruses. Further analysis revealed that NSPC proliferation, self‐renewal, neurogenesis, and migration to the olfactory bulb had significantly increased upon NRF2 upregulation. On the other hand, increasing NRF2 after the CP (at 20 months of age) produced no notable changes in NSPC activity at either cellular or behavioral levels. These results, for the first time, indicate NRF2 pathway modulation as a means to support NSPC function with age and highlight a critical time‐dependency for activating NRF2 to enhance NSPC function.
Considerations regarding species distribution models for forest insects
Authors: Koch Frank H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Species distribution models, or SDMs, have become important decision support tools by answering fundamental questions about where species, including invasive species, are likely to survive and thrive based on environmental conditions.
For an inexperienced modeller or model reviewer, the terminology and technical aspects of SDMs can be overwhelming, and even well‐trained modellers can struggle to understand the implications of various modelling choices.
Here, I outline some key considerations with respect to SDMs, focusing on their application to forest insects. Foremost, I assert that a model should be developed and evaluated with attention to relationships between an insect and its hosts, as those relationships determine much about the places the insect may occupy.
In my view, the most successful models are constructed carefully and incorporate honest assessments of their limitations, sources of error and uncertainty, and the degree of linkage between the model and the real‐world circumstances it is meant to portray.
Redemption through Rebellion: Border Change, Lost Unity, and Nationalist Conflict
Authors: Cederman Lars‐Erik , Rüegger Seraina , Schvitz Guy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAre past border changes responsible for today's civil wars? Departing from conventional, state‐centric research designs, this article examines this question by focusing on “aggregate” ethnic groups, which are defined independently of state borders. Introducing a new index of “territorial fractionalization” that measures how fragmented such groups are across states, we postulate that higher fragmentation is linked to a greater risk of civil conflict. Furthermore, we expect that groups that experienced increases in fragmentation are particularly violence prone, as illustrated by postimperial revisionism and other cases of irredentism and secession. To test our arguments, we combine geocoded data on ethnic settlement areas with our own newly collected data on international borders since 1886, complemented by mediation analysis based on ethnonationalist claims. Covering ethnic groups around the world since 1946 through 2017, our findings are robust to the inclusion of control variables, fixed effects, and the use of alternative historical ethnicity data sets.
Comparative efficacy and safety of preserved versus preservative‐free beta‐blockers in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review
Authors: Skov Anne Guldhammer , Rives Amalie Santaolalla , Freiberg Josefine , Virgili Gianni , Azuara‐Blanco Augusto , Kolko Miriam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPreservative‐free topical medications have been introduced for glaucoma care to reduce ocular adverse events associated with preservatives. This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of beta‐blockers, or combination using beta‐blockers, with and without preservatives. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were examined. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The primary outcome was change in intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline to final follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included ocular and systemic side effects, and other clinical and quality of life outcomes. Of 242 records identified, seven RCTs (1125 patients) were included. The follow‐up period ranged from one to 12 months. Timolol was used in five studies, and two studies used a combination (timolol with bimatoprost or dorzolamide). The difference in mean change (MD) in IOP between the preservative‐free and the preserved drugs was statistically significant but not clinically relevant: (MD 0.29 mmHg, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.51 mmHg, p = 0.010; moderate‐certainty evidence). Regarding adverse events: Level of evidence for all ocular surface outcome was low or very low and reported in few studies. No significant difference was observed on ocular surface symptoms. Tear break‐up time (TBUT) was better with preservative‐free drops (p < 0.001). Schirmer’s test was better in the preservative‐free group (p < 0.001). Level of evidence for all ocular surface outcomes was low or very low. There was no difference in other secondary outcomes. We found no clinically relevant difference in mean change in IOP between the preserved and the preservative‐free treatments. Data on adverse events used different methods and were incompletely reported. Although some measures of ocular surface health favoured preservative‐free medications, more evidence is needed. The increasing use of preservative‐free drops may be associated with better ocular surface and tolerability, but strong evidence from RCTs would be welcome.
Effective, but not all the time: Experimental evidence on the effectiveness of a code of ethics' design
Authors: Kotzian Peter , Stöber Thomas , Weißenberger Barbara E. , Hoos Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRelations between society and business are increasingly characterized by the societal demand for compliance with ethical standards. Companies are held responsible for behavior of their employees, which increases the demand for effective internal governance. To assure compliance, many companies enact codes of ethics. Despite a common core of ethical standards, codes differ considerably in formal design elements. Albeit theory suggests that a code's formal design, that is, how a code's content is presented, affects its behavioral impact, there is little research on this issue. Addressing this research gap, we conducted a between‐subjects experiment (factorial survey) in which we manipulated design elements of codes and examined how these elements affect behavioral intentions in various business situations. Holding the code's content constant, we manipulated its tone (positive vs. negative) and whether it was signed by the company's executive board (with vs. without signature). Our results indicate that the effectiveness of a code can be improved by using signed codes, while there is no effect for a code's tone. Our paper contributes designing internal governance in two ways: by giving experimental evidence on the relevance of a code's formal design and by providing practical guidance how to increase code effectiveness.
Renin–angiotensin system in intestinal inflammation—Angiotensin inhibitors to treat inflammatory bowel diseases?
Authors: Salmenkari Hanne , Korpela Riitta , Vapaatalo Heikki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifest in recurring gastrointestinal inflammation. The current treatment options of IBD are not curative and are lacking in aspects like prevention of fibrosis. New treatment options are needed to fulfil the unmet needs and provide alternatives to drugs with resistances and side effects. Drugs targeting the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), besides being antihypertensive, also possess anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic properties and could offer an inexpensive alternative to control inflammation and fibrosis in the gut. RAS inhibitors have been effective in preventing and alleviating colitis in preclinical studies, but available human data are still sparse. This review outlines the pathophysiological functions of RAS in the gut and summarizes preclinical studies utilizing pharmacological RAS inhibitors in the treatment of experimental colitis. We discuss the alterations in intestinal RAS and the available evidence of the benefits of RAS inhibitors for IBD patients. Retrospective studies comparing IBD patients using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers have provided optimistic results regarding a milder disease course and fewer hospitalizations and corticosteroid use in patients using RAS inhibitors. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these promising medications in the treatment of IBD.