bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐alkali borosilicate glass microspheres from waste cullet prepared by flame synthesis
Authors: Larionau Pavel , Hujova Miroslava , Michalková Monika , Mahmoud Mokhtar , Švančárková Anna , Galusková Dagmar , Parchoviansky Milan , Bernardo Enrico , Galusek Dušan , Kraxner Jozef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough glass recycling is considered to be a default method for glass waste management, fine fractions of container soda‐lime glass, or cullet of other compositions are still landfilled. This happens despite existing alternatives. Success could lie in advanced upcycled products that bring higher economic motivation for the implementation in industry, but these are often connected to alternative ways of product synthesis. We provide an example of waste glass upcycling by the preparation of glass microspheres (GM) from specialty low‐sodium alumino borosilicate‐based glasses via flame synthesis (FS). GM and the precursors, either from colorless medical vials or glass fibers, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with differential thermal analysis (STA‐DTA), and image analysis. A dynamic corrosion test was performed and evaluated via ion‐coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) to observe corrosion kinetics products. FS has proved to be a fast method of waste glass processing into GM. This article, besides the characterization of the starting material and final products, also suggests the possibility of processing for other landfilled waste glasses and also discusses the manufacturing of GM for water filters and fillers for polymers.
Long hair follicular unit excision: personal experience
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , You Seung Hyun , Kim Na Rae , Ho Yeh Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong hair follicular unit excision (FUE) is the most state‐of‐the‐art surgical technique in the field of hair transplantation surgery. Long hair FUE reduces the signs of surgery by camouflaging the recipient area with long hair, and allows hair curl identification when placing grafts. In addition, donor area shaving can be omitted.MethodsThis article presents the surgical approach and methods of long hair FUE. Patients were categorized by sex, age, recipient site, purpose of the surgery, and history of previous hair transplantation. Medical charts and photographs were reviewed to obtain the transection rate and calculated density for each patient.ResultsLong hair FUE was applied to 134 patients (112 women and 22 men). Thirty‐four patients received eyebrow hair transplantation, 73 underwent female hairline correction surgery, nine patients underwent sideburn reconstruction, two were treated for female pattern hair loss, and 19 were treated for male pattern baldness (MPB). Four of the patients with MPB also underwent eyebrow transplant surgery. Of the patients with MPB, 17 (89%) had Norwood type III baldness, and two (11%) had type IV hair loss. The mean number of grafts required was 292 for eyebrow transplantation, 1,214 for female hairline correction, 251 for sideburn reconstruction, 1,344 for female pattern hair loss, and 1,567 for MPB. The mean follicle transection rate was 9.2%, and the mean calculated number of follicles per graft achieved was 2.23.ConclusionThis long hair FUE method introduced by the authors is an excellent surgical method when performed by surgeons with sufficient skill and expertise.
Technological, nutritional and sensory properties of pasta fortified with agro‐industrial by‐products: a review
Authors: Bianchi Federico , Tolve Roberta , Rainero Giada , Bordiga Matteo , Brennan Charles S. , Simonato Barbara 
Published: May 2021

SummaryReducing food waste is a priority to move towards more sustainable food systems. Since agro‐food by‐products are often rich in healthy compounds, such as fibre, phytochemicals, protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, the waste valorisation could move through their transformation into ingredients useful for the formulation of functional foods. Pasta is a staple food widely consumed all over the world representing an optimal carrier for nutrients delivery. The incorporation of ingredients of a high added value obtained by agro‐industrial by‐products in pasta can improve its nutritional value and provides several health benefits. At the same time, the inclusion of new ingredients could modify the physical, chemical and textural properties determining the change of the organoleptic characteristics of fortified pasta, affecting its acceptability. Thus, the preparation of new pasta formulations with high nutritional properties, good technological and sensory characteristics represents a challenge for the food industry.
A study of regular exercise, social support and depression in the community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Fang Li , Fang Ching‐Lin , Fang Shu‐Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to explore the relationship between regular exercise, social support and depression in community‐dwelling older people and find out the predictors of depression.MethodsCross‐sectional and correlation designs were used. The participants were recruited from August to October in 2020. The STROBE was used as a checklist for this study.ResultsThe study found that female gender, older age, poor sleep quality, irregular exercise and low social support were the main predictors of depression among the community‐dwelling older people.ConclusionIt is suggested that healthcare professionals motivate the older people to exercise regularly in the community using individualized exercise routines designed according to their physical conditions such as different types, frequencies and intensity of exercise. Providing social support to each other at the community care site should be encouraged, and regular assessment of the mental health of community‐dwelling older people should be done. It is also recommended to organize a timely depression‐related education course for older people in the community.
First‐line combination chemotherapy with etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin for the treatment of disseminated germ cell cancer: Efficacy and feasibility in current clinical practice
Authors: Fujiwara Motohiro , Tanaka Hajime , Yuasa Takeshi , Komai Yoshinobu , Oguchi Tomohiko , Fujiwara Ryo , Numao Noboru , Yamamoto Shinya , Fujii Yasuhisa , Fukui Iwao , Yonese Junji 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of first‐line etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin and primary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim as first‐line chemotherapy for disseminated germ cell cancer.MethodsThis study reviewed 154 consecutive patients with previously untreated disseminated germ cell cancer who received first‐line etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin between 1995 and 2020. Of these, 54 patients were managed with primary prophylaxis using pegfilgrastim (primary prophylaxis group), and 100 were managed with the therapeutic use of short‐acting granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (non‐primary prophylaxis group).ResultsThe International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification identified 90 (58%)/40 (26%)/24 (16%) patients with good/intermediate/poor prognosis, respectively. Overall, 139 patients (90%) were disease free after etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin with/without post‐chemotherapy surgery. The median relative dose intensity of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin was 96%, and there was a significant difference between the primary prophylaxis and non‐primary prophylaxis groups (100% vs 90%, P < 0.01). The 5‐year salvage treatment‐free and overall survival rates were 83% and 94%, respectively. In total, 138 patients (90%) developed grade 4 hematological toxicities, and there were no treatment‐related deaths due to myelosuppression. Grade 4 neutropenia was less commonly observed in the primary prophylaxis group compared with the non‐primary prophylaxis group (80% vs 95%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis is the largest study of first‐line etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin, and its sufficient efficacy and safety profiles are confirmed in current clinical practice. Primary prophylaxis using pegfilgrastim might further improve the feasibility of etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin.
Post‐mating gene expression of Mexican fruit fly females: disentangling the effects of the male accessory glands
Authors: Sirot L. , Bansal R. , Esquivel C. J. , Arteaga‐Vázquez M. , Herrera‐Cruz M. , Pavinato V. A. C. , Abraham S. , Medina‐Jiménez K. , Reyes‐Hernández M. , Dorantes‐Acosta A. , Pérez‐Staples D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMating has profound physiological and behavioural consequences for female insects. During copulation, female insects typically receive not only sperm, but a complex ejaculate containing hundreds of proteins and other molecules from male reproductive tissues, primarily the reproductive accessory glands. The post‐mating phenotypes affected by male accessory gland (MAG) proteins include egg development, attraction to oviposition hosts, mating, attractiveness, sperm storage, feeding and lifespan. In the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, mating increases egg production and the latency to remating. However, previous studies have not found a clear relationship between injection of MAG products and oviposition or remating inhibition in this species. We used RNA‐seq to study gene expression in mated, unmated and MAG‐injected females to understand the potential mating‐ and MAG‐regulated genes and pathways in A. ludens. Both mating and MAG‐injection regulated transcripts and pathways related to egg development. Other transcripts regulated by mating included those with orthologs predicted to be involved in immune response, musculature and chemosensory perception, whereas those regulated by MAG‐injection were predicted to be involved in translational control, sugar regulation, diet detoxification and lifespan determination. These results suggest new phenotypes that may be influenced by seminal fluid molecules in A. ludens. Understanding these influences is critical for developing novel tools to manage A. ludens.
COVID‐19 and pulmonary fibrosis: A potential role for lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts
Authors: John Alison E. , Joseph Chitra , Jenkins Gisli , Tatler Amanda L. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic rapidly spread around the world following the first reports in Wuhan City, China in late 2019. The disease, caused by the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, is primarily a respiratory condition that can affect numerous other bodily systems including the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. The disease ranges in severity from asymptomatic through to severe acute respiratory distress requiring intensive care treatment and mechanical ventilation, which can lead to respiratory failure and death. It has rapidly become evident that COVID‐19 patients can develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, which in many cases persist for as long as we have thus far been able to follow the patients. Many questions remain about how such fibrotic changes occur within the lung of COVID‐19 patients, whether the changes will persist long term or are capable of resolving, and whether post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis has the potential to become progressive, as in other fibrotic lung diseases. This review brings together our existing knowledge on both COVID‐19 and pulmonary fibrosis, with a particular focus on lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, in order to discuss common pathways and processes that may be implicated as we try to answer these important questions in the months and years to come.
Effects of flipped‐learning‐based simulation for nursing students: a retrospective survey
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Jang Sun Joo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study analysed whether Situation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation (SBAR) simulation, which uses a flipped learning method, improves undergraduate nursing students’ academic performance and core competencies when applied in the mental health nursing practicum, as compared with traditional in‐person simulations. To this end, a retrospective survey was employed. A group of 37 students who participated in the flipped learning‐based SBAR simulation practicum was compared with a group of 37 students who participated in the practicum using a traditional learning method, in terms of their academic performance and core competencies. The 90‐h practicum included four three‐hour SBAR simulation sessions. Students were assessed at baseline, immediately after the two‐week practicum, and four weeks later. The effects of group, time, and group‐by‐time interactions between the groups were verified using generalized estimating equations with an autoregressive correlation structure. Data were collected between March and July 2017, in South Korea. The results indicated that SBAR simulation significantly improved nursing students’ communication performance compared with the traditional learning method. The clinical practicum based on SBAR improved core competencies at the post‐practicum and four weeks later. In conclusion, the application of the flipped learning‐based SBAR simulation can improve nursing students’ communication skills and can be utilized as an effective teaching method to promote higher order competencies to apply, analyse, and evaluate knowledge beyond simple understanding and information recall. This study has addressed how academic performance and core competencies in nursing can be improved through SBAR simulation using a flipped learning method and shown its positive impact on nursing students’ communication skills and higher order competencies.
Reconciliation and the Great (whole) Commission
Authors: Tizon Al 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe label “Great Commission,” attributed to Matthew 28:16‐20, has been for evangelicals the inspiration for the evangelization of the world for over a century. But there is more to the commissioning words of Jesus than the ministry of evangelism. This article contends that a missiology of reconciliation, applied to “the Great Commission,” uncovers the broader, holistic nature of the mission of the church. In addition to evangelism, reconciliation as mission also includes peacemaking and stewardship.
Racism as a passion of the soul
Authors: Bosch Iosif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRacism, in its various manifestations (e.g., philetism, ethnophiletism, racial segregation, racial discrimination, racial extermination) – as a mere sentiment or conviction as well as a systematic and organized ideology or politics in its origin – is a spiritual tendency of fallen human nature. The purpose of this systematic‐dogmatic reflection is to prove from the perspective of Orthodox theology that this harmful propensity of the human race is a direct consequence of original sin and particular passions created in the soul. Racism has extended to the present day on a wider social level, and its only cure is mainly ascetic‐spiritual in nature. This spiritual therapy should be performed through and by all the means the church has at its disposal to erase the stigmata of humankind’s primitive negation and ultimate distance from God.
Matrix phase induced boosting photoactive performance of ZnO nanowire turf‐coated Bi2O3 plate composites
Authors: Liang Yuan‐Chang , Chou Yu‐Hsun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new nanocomposite consisting of ZnO nanowire turf‐coated Bi2O3 plates was synthesized using a method combining a chemical bath and hydrothermal crystal growth through sputtering ZnO seed layer‐assisted growth. Structural analysis revealed that highly crystalline, high‐density, one‐dimensional (1D) ZnO crystals were uniformly coated on the organized two‐dimensional (2D) Bi2O3 plates with a single β phase or dual α/β polymorphic phases. The Bi2O3–ZnO composites exhibited enhanced absorption properties in the ultraviolet and visible regions compared with pristine Bi2O3 and ZnO. Furthermore, the Bi2O3–ZnO composites exhibited higher photoactive performance than that of the pristine Bi2O3 and ZnO because of the low recombination rate of photoinduced electron−hole pairs caused by the vectorial transfer of electrons and holes between ZnO and Bi2O3 and the substantially increased surface area of the unique composite morphology. The ZnO nanowire turf‐coated Bi2O3 plates with a α/β‐Bi2O3 matrix exhibited photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties superior to those of the composite with a single β‐Bi2O3 matrix. The coexistence of α/β homojunction in the Bi2O3 matrix and the abundant heterojunctions between the ZnO nanowires and Bi2O3 plates substantially enhanced photoexcited charge separation efficiency. Growing high‐density 1D ZnO on 2D Bi2O3 via a combination methodology and crystallographic phase control provided a promising material design route for nanocomposite systems with high photoactivity for photoexcited device applications.
Rare earth ion (RE = Tb/Eu/Dy) doped nanocrystalline oxyfluoride glass‐ceramic 5BaF2–95SiO2
Authors: Hu Mengzhu , Yang Yaoyao , Min Xiao , Liu Bingfa , Wu Yuansheng , Wu Yuheng , Yu Lixin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of 5BaF2‐95SiO2: RE3+ (rare earth, RE = Tb/Eu/Dy) glass‐ceramics samples, containing BaF2 nanocrystals with a size of about 5 nm, are successfully synthesized by a sol‐gel method under different atmospheric conditions. The structural characteristics, the optical properties, and the thermal stability of the target materials were carried out in this work. According to the X‐ray diffraction results, it was observed that the initial Ba(NO3)2 crystals are transformed into BaF2 crystals in SiO2 glasses during the heat treatment at 650°C. After the calcination, the emission peak intensity related to rare earth ions is significantly higher than that in the xerogel. Meanwhile, the addition of Dy3+ can enhance the emission intensity of Tb3+ in the co‐doped materials. The internal quantum efficiency of the 0.3%Tb3+‐0.3%Dy3+ co‐doped product reaches up to ∼50.8%. In addition, the color coordinates of the International Commission (CIE) indicate that the Dy‐0.3%Eu co‐doped 5BaF2–95SiO2 sample could provide red, orange, or blue color emission depending on the Dy3+ doping concentration. Moreover, the thermal stability of all the 5BaF2–95SiO2:RE3+(RE = Tb/Eu/Dy) glass‐ceramic shows well, especially 5BaF2–95SiO2:0.3%Eu3+‐0.1%Dy3+, whose emission intensity would still maintain more than 90% of the initial strength as rising in temperature. Therefore, by designing the Dy3+ doping concentration, the 5BaF2‐95SiO2:0.3%Eu3+‐0.1%Dy3+ glass‐ceramic has potential practical values in high‐performance white light emitting diode.
Global connections with some genomic differentiation occur between Indo‐Pacific and Atlantic Ocean wahoo, a large circumtropical pelagic fish
Authors: Haro‐Bilbao Isabel , Riginos Cynthia , Baldwin John D. , Zischke Mitchell , Tibbetts Ian R. , Thia Joshua A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimGlobally distributed pelagic fishes are typified by very low to negligible genetic differentiation at oceanic scales arising from high gene flow and (or) large population sizes. However, genomic approaches employing thousands of loci to characterise genetic variation can illuminate subtle patterns of genetic structure and facilitate demographic inference, such that effects arising from gene flow and population size can be partially decoupled. We used a population genomics approach to identify putative stocks in a circumtropical pelagic fish, wahoo, and to assess global connectivity in this species.LocationIndo‐Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.TaxonWahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832).MethodsGlobally distributed wahoo samples from 11 locations (representing a total of 296 individuals) were sequenced using a pool‐seq ezRAD approach to obtain 1289–9825 genome‐wide SNP loci per population pair for analyses of genetic structure at a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05. Demographic inference using a diffusion approximation method (∂a∂i) was performed using 11,495–12,812 SNPs per population pair at a MAF >0.02.ResultsGenetic structure, measured as FST, was overall low, suggesting very little heterogeneity amongst sample pairs (pairwise FST ≤ 0.021). However, there was a clear signal of regional genetic structuring between ocean basins. A principal coordinate analysis separated samples from the Indo‐Pacific with those from the Atlantic and an analysis of molecular variance suggested that ~77% of variation in genetic structure was amongst regions. Our demographic analyses found greater support for models including migration over simple models of isolation.Main conclusionsOur study provides the most thorough genetic investigation of wahoo to date. We provide evidence for global connectivity of wahoo populations over their evolutionary history, but we also provide the first indication of subtle regional structure between the Indo‐Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which occurs against a background of high gene flow. The identification of regional stocks will inform new management strategies and guide future investigations in wahoo, an increasingly important species in global fisheries.
Disentangling direct and indirect effects of island area on plant functional trait distributions
Authors: Schrader Julian , Westoby Mark , Wright Ian J. , Kreft Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimSpecies diversity on islands generally increases with island area. This might arise either from direct effects of island area via neutral assembly processes or from indirect effects via habitat and structural differences between islands that scale positively with island area. Here, we tested whether community‐weighted functional trait means of woody plants are directly or indirectly affected by island area to elucidate how functional traits mediate the assembly on differently sized islands.LocationTwenty‐eight tropical islands (25 m2 – 12,000 m2) in the Raja Ampat archipelago, Indonesia.TaxonWoody angiosperms.MethodsStudied islands had a shared geological history but differed in terms of area, habitat quality expressed by soil depth, forest structure expressed by tree basal area and degree of isolation. Traits studied were seed and fruit mass, tree height, wood density, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll content (estimated from chlorophyll‐meter units) and summarised as community‐weighted means (CWM) for each island. Using liner regression, we tested whether CWMs were correlated to island area and basal area and structural equation models (SEMs) to test on direct and indirect effects of island area, basal area, soil depth and isolation on trait distributions.ResultsCWM of seed mass, tree height and chlorophyll content increased with both island area and basal area, whereas leaf nitrogen concentration decreased with increasing basal area. Fruit mass was not correlated to island area and basal area. SEMs revealed that the shifts in tree height, wood density, leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll content were caused directly by basal area, which in turn was directly and positively affected by both island area and soil depth. Differences in seed mass among islands were explained by combined effects of basal area, island area and isolation, whereas fruit mass was only explained by isolation.Main conclusionsTrait values shifted systematically across islands of different sizes. Being small and having light seeds are prevailing trait combinations for establishing on small islands with simple forest structure. For establishment on larger islands with more complex forest structures, species are taller, have heavier seeds, higher chlorophyll content and lower leaf N concentrations. We conclude that mechanisms affecting CWM on islands directly link to ecological differences between islands like forest structure – and only indirectly to island area.