bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Nathália L. , da Cruz Campos Ana Carolina , Cabral Andrea Maria , Damasco Paula Hesselberg , Lo-Ten-Foe Jerome , Rosa Ana Cláudia P. , Damasco Paulo V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe etiological agent for infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening disease, is usually gram-positive bacteria. However, gram-negative bacteria can rarely cause IE and 4% of cases are associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the blood of patients with IE. The characteristics of blood isolates were compared with those of urinary isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The results of this study revealed that K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with IE were phylogenetically related to those from patients with UTI. Additionally, the resistance phenotype, resistance gene, virulence gene, and plasmid profiles were similar between the blood and urinary isolates. The isolates belonging to the sequence types (STs) 76, 36, 101 (K. pneumoniae), and 69 (E. coli) are reported to be associated with drug resistance. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients with IE did not produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase or carbapenemase. Additionally, this study investigated the virulence phenotype, biofilm formation ability, and the ability to adhere to the epithelial cells in vitro of the isolates. The isolates from patients with IE exhibited weaker biofilm formation ability than the urinary isolates. All isolates from patients with IE could adhere to the renal epithelial cells. However, three isolates from patients with UTIs could not adhere to the epithelial cells. The closely related K. pneumoniae isolates (648, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4) could not form biofilms or adhere to the epithelial cells. In summary, the molecular analysis revealed that the genetic characteristics of IE-causing K. pneumoniae and E. coli were similar to those of UTI-causing isolates. These isolates belonged to the STs that are considered treatable. Genetically similar isolates did not exhibit the same virulence phenotype. Thus, these non-hypervirulent clones must be monitored as they can cause complex infections in susceptible hosts.
COVID-19 and output in Japan
Authors: Fujii Daisuke , Nakata Taisuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe build a tractable SIR-macro-model with time-varying parameters and use it to explore various policy questions such as when to lift the state of emergency (SOE). An earlier departure from the SOE results in smaller output loss and more deaths in the short run. However, if the SOE is lifted too early, the number of new cases will surge and another SOE may need to be issued in the future, possibly resulting in both larger output loss and more deaths. That is, the tradeoff between output and infection that exists in the short run does not necessarily exist in the long run. Our model-based analysis—updated weekly since January 2021, frequently reported by media, and presented to policymakers on many occasions—has played a unique role in the policy response to the COVID-19 crisis in Japan.
Human-Factor Risk Mitigation in Outdoor Climbing Areas: Survey of Existing Policies in Regulated Climbing Areas
Authors: Meltzer Jourdan H. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Popular climbing areas in the United States are frequently on public lands under administrative purview of land management entities. During climbing, climbers may be subject to injury. This study aimed to describe existing climbing risk mitigation tactics used to protect climbers by oversight agencies responsible for these public climbing areas and to identify strategies perceived by the oversight agency to be successful. Methods We identified publicly managed US bouldering, sport, or traditional climbing areas through a state-by-state search of Mountain Project. We assessed climbing-related visitation, injury, rescue, and risk mitigation strategies using a 10-item survey targeting land-use managers, rangers, outdoor recreation planners, and park managers. Quantitative analysis included univariate and multivariate analysis. Qualitative analyses of survey responses with thematic grouping of mitigation interventions were performed. Results One hundred fifty-seven publicly managed US climbing areas were contacted, and 76 (48%) provided data. Thirty-six (47%) of those that provided data stated that programs are in place to reduce climbing-related injury. There were no associations between demographic variables and the presence of risk mitigation strategies. Four themes of climbing risk mitigation strategies emerged: coordination with climbing coalitions (25% of respondents), permitting (22% of respondents), publication of accident reports (22% of respondents), and preventative search and rescue (17% of respondents). Conclusions Nearly half of survey respondents reported having climbing risk mitigation programs. There is opportunity to assess the efficacy of risk mitigation strategies through intra-area and inter-area assessments. A centralized climbing injury database may prove useful for assessing the efficacy of and need for risk mitigation techniques.
Finding the right candidate: Developing hiring guidelines for screening applicants for clinical research coordinator positions
Authors: Fisher Elaine , Thomas Rebecca S. , Higgins Melinda K. , Williams Charlie J. , Choi Ikseon , McCauley Linda A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Impact:
The success of any clinical research team is dependent on hiring individuals with the experience and skill set needed for a specific research project. Strategies to improve the ability of human resource (HR) recruiters to screen and advance qualified candidates for a project will result in improved initiation and execution of the project.

Objective/Goals:
HR recruiters play a critical role in matching research applicants to the posted job descriptions and presenting a list of top candidates to the PI/hiring manager for interview and hiring consideration.

Methods/Study Population:
Creating guidelines to screen for applicant qualification based on resumes when clinical research positions have multiple levels of expertise required is a complex process of discovery, moving from subjective rationale for rating individual resumes to a more structured less biased evaluation process. To improve the hiring process of the research workforce, we successfully developed guidelines for categorizing research coordinator applications by level from beginner to advanced.

Results/Anticipated Results:
Through guideline development, we provide a framework to reduce bias and improve the matching of applicant resumes to job levels for improved selection of top candidates to advance for interviewing. Improved applicant to job matching offers an advantage to reduce hiring time, anticipate training needs, and shorten the timeline to active project engagement. These guidelines can form the basis for initial screening and ultimately matching individual qualities to project-specific needs.
IAMBLICHUSAPVDSIMPL.COROLLARIVM DE TEMPORE794.21–7 DIELS
Authors: Johns Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn his commentary on theTimaeus, the Neoplatonist Iamblichus argues that time is logically antecedent to change inasmuch as time is no mere aspect of change. Naturally, scholars appraise this thesis in light of Neoplatonic metaphysics. Nevertheless, they neglect the philological framing of this thesis, and thence the philosophical implications thereof. Only J.M. Dillon acknowledges this framing, though even Dillon does not acknowledge the philosophical implications thereof. This article illustrates the logic of said thesis vis-à-vis the Iamblichean exegesis ofTi. 38b7–c1 (Iambl.apudSimpl.in Phys.1.794.21–7 Diels, Iambl.in Ti. fr. 67 Dillon). Beginning from the intuition that time is no mere aspect of change, Iamblichus argues that time can persist apart from change, and thereupon, given the Platonic notion that time is the everlasting image of Eternityquaparadigm, Iamblichus intuits that time is no mere image but everlasting in its own right, being itself a paradigm. Yet this thesis rests upon the indeterminateness of the Platonic titleτὸ παράδειγμα τῆς διαιωνίας φύσεως(‘the paradigm of a thoroughly everlasting nature’) atTi. 38b8 and, still more so, upon the reflexiveness of the ambiguousΑΥΤΩΙ(that is,αὐτῷ‘toit[the paradigm]’, if notαὑτῷ‘toitself[as paradigm]’) atTi. 38c1. Inasmuch as the subject of the Platonic title is indeterminate between Eternity and Eternal Beingquaintelligible everlastingness, Iamblichus construesΑΥΤΩΙnot as a mere reflexive but as self-reflexive, withαὑτῷreferring to Timequaintelligible paradigm. In this light, the Platonic lemma grounds the Iamblichean thesis.
Identifying the characteristics of conservation areas that appeal to potential flagship campaign donors
Authors: Dobson Fiona , Fraser Iain , Smith Robert J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe conservation flagship approach is a valuable tool for raising funds and awareness, but species-based campaigns have been criticized for providing little benefit to wider biodiversity. One possible solution is to use conservation areas as flagships, but we lack data on the types of area that most appeal to potential donors. Here, we used an online choice experiment involving hypothetical overseas conservation areas to investigate how respondents value a series of conservation area attributes. We calculated the average willingness to pay for each attribute and assessed preference heterogeneity. Our results suggest that community ownership is valued the most, followed by the presence of threatened bird species, low current funding in the conservation area, the presence of charismatic mammals, and charity ownership. Respondents could be divided into three groups, based on their education, environmental organization membership and income. The group of respondents who were less wealthy and were members of environmental organizations were not willing to pay for this kind of conservation action, suggesting that flagship area campaigns targeted at them should encourage other types of involvement. The other two groups, which included respondents who were less engaged in conservation (neither group included environmental organization members, with one group less wealthy and less educated, and the other wealthier), found community ownership particularly appealing, suggesting that many potential donors may be driven by social concerns. This is a key finding and suggests flagship conservation areas could attract a new audience of donors, helping to support current global efforts to increase the management effectiveness, connectivity and extent of protected areas and land under other effective area-based conservation measures.
Women's stories and knowledge of wildlife and conservation practice in northern Tanzania and South India
Authors: Goldman Mara J. , Jagadeesh Shruthi N. , Meng'oru Ngimojino Tubulu , Gowda Lakshmi M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAround the world, Indigenous peoples have stories about wildlife that reflect knowledge and feelings about animals and their relationship to humans. Different people's experiences speak to the variety of interactions people have with animals in the spaces where humans and non-human animals live and interact. These stories are often told by women, reflecting the ways in which gender mediates human–environment relations. Yet gendered differences in knowledge and experience are rarely addressed in wildlife conservation research and action. Even community-based conservation efforts often ignore or marginalize the knowledge and experiences of women. We present women's stories and experiences of wildlife from Maasai communities in Tanzania and Soliga communities in India. We show that women have the desire and knowledge to participate in conservation decision-making but are currently marginalized from community conservation practice. We argue that including women in research and action is key for successful community-based wildlife conservation.
Singapore Teochew as a heritage language
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Phua Chiew Pheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSituated in Southeast Asia, Singapore’s sociolinguistic situation has undergone several changes due to active language planning policies, with English and Mandarin becoming the two socio-politically majority languages in Singapore society. Over time, this has led to the restricted usage of various non-Mandarin dialects, including Teochew, both in public settings and within the home. This paper examines how Teochew, a heritage language in Singapore, has been affected in its vocabulary usage in apparent time. The data was collected from 41 Teochew male and female speakers aged 12–86 years. This paper contributes theoretically by showing the properties of a heritage language, Singapore Teochew, in an environment with multiple shifts of several major languages in Southeast Asia, instead of the more common situation of one major language shift.
Secondary Flow and Flow Redistribution in Two Sharp Bends on the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Deng Shanshan , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Li Zhiwei , Duan Guanglei , Shen Jian , Blanckaert Koen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt remains an open question whether the state of knowledge on bend hydrodynamics applies to sharp bends in the largest river systems on Earth. This paper reports a field investigation into the hydrodynamics in two consecutive sharp bends of the Middle Yangtze River (MYR), and demonstrates that the reduced‐order model of Blanckaert and de Vriend is able to resolve the secondary flow strength and continuous flow redistribution in rivers of this size to high accuracy. Consequently, the model has been validated over the entire range of scales. These two bends show similarities to those of smaller size in terms of bathymetry, flow redistribution, and secondary flow evolution. The transverse location of the core of maximum velocity along the bends lags behind the thalweg by approximately half a width. A center‐region cell of secondary flow develops over the outer bank near the apex, and gradually decays downstream until it completely vanishes at the bend exit. Both bends are mildly curved from the perspective of hydrodynamic modeling, with a weak interaction between the secondary flow and primary flow, although they are sharply curved from the perspective of geomorphology (width/radius > 0.5). A term‐by‐term analysis of the model indicates that the flow redistribution is primarily controlled by planimetric changes in curvature and by topographic steering, and is slightly influenced by the secondary flow. However, the secondary flow may indirectly affect the flow redistribution by conditioning the bed topography. Important knowledge gaps remain with respect to the coupling between the hydrodynamic and morphological processes.
Footprint of Tropical Cyclone Cold Wakes on Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation
Authors: Zhang Jishi , Lin Yanluan , Ma Zhanhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA recent study noted reduced rainfall and cloud fraction over cold wakes induced by tropical cyclones, but a quantification of top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation change due to these cold wakes has not been attempted. Based on global TOA radiative flux observations, we show that TOA shortwave and longwave radiations increase by 0.76 W m−2 (0.2%) and 0.74 W m−2 (0.3%) over the cold wake area relative to local climatology, respectively. Due to the cancelation between the shortwave and longwave components, daily average TOA net radiation is only marginally modulated by cold wakes, but stands out in the day and night time average. In addition, the seasonal basin‐wide regulation of TOA net radiation by cold wakes can be up to 1.0 W m−2, locally comparable to the magnitude of radiative forcing due to man‐made aerosols. The regional impact of cold wakes on TOA radiations is therefore highly relevant and potentially important.
The Role of Adria Plate Lithospheric Structures on the Recent Dynamics of the Central Mediterranean Region
Authors: Lo Bue Rosalia , Faccenda Manuele , Yang Jianfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Central Mediterranean has been relatively well constrained by abundant geological data. Yet, several uncertainties persist about the mechanisms that led to the present‐day surface morphology and deep slab geometry. Here, we combine geodynamic and seismological numerical modeling techniques to reproduce the recent large‐scale evolution of the Central Mediterranean and the associated strain‐induced upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy. 3D thermo‐mechanical subduction models were designed and calibrated according to paleogeographic‐tectonic reconstructions and seismological observations available in the literature. It is found that, although the opening of back‐arc extensional basins in response to the retreat of the Ionian slab is a common feature in all models, structural heterogeneities within the Adria plate and/or the geometry of its Tyrrhenian passive margin profoundly impact on the segmentation of the subducting slab and the amount of Ionian trench retreat. More, in general, this study highlights the importance of coupling geodynamic and seismological modeling to better constrain the tectonic evolution of complex convergent margins such as the Central Mediterranean.
Ice Cover Influences Redox Dynamics in Prairie Pothole Wetland Sediments
Authors: McAdams B. C. , Arnold W. A. , Wilkins M. J. , Chin Y. P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSediment cores were collected under ice‐cover in late winter from three wetlands located along a subsurface hydrologic gradient within the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Within each core, sediment porewaters were analyzed by in situ voltammetry for a suite of redox active species as a function of depth and revealed shifts in complex oxidation‐reduction dynamics related to ice cover in these wetlands. We observed a reduced sulfur boundary that is close to or above the sediment‐water interface (SWI) under ice cover. In contrast, the reduced sulfur boundary retreats several centimeters deeper in the sediments under ice‐free conditions. These findings are analogous to previous observations in shallow lakes that show anoxia at the SWI during ice cover but not under ice‐free conditions. Further, biogeochemical processes varied depending upon wetland type. During winter, sulfide levels in sediment porewaters in groundwater fed “flow‐through” wetlands were significantly lower than under ice‐free conditions. The converse applied to groundwater discharge wetlands where reduced sulfur concentrations in porewaters increased under ice cover. Decreases in ice cover extent and duration due to climate change coupled with profound landscape changes due to agriculture will affect the biogeochemical cycles of these wetlands and could lead to increased carbon emissions in the future.
Multi‐Position Facility for HF Doppler Sounding of Ionospheric Inhomogeneities in Ukraine
Authors: Zalizovski A. V. , Yampolski Y. M. , Mishin E. , Kashcheyev S. B. , Sopin A. O. , Koloskov A. V. , Lisachenko V. N. , Reznychenko A. I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a system for multi‐position Doppler ionosphere sounding implemented at the beginning of 2018 in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, the data processing technique and initial results of data analysis. The system comprises a high frequency (HF) transmitter and three receiving sites making almost a right triangle with catheti of 32.8 and 58 km. The transmitter continuously emitting a monochromatic signal of a ∼20 W power at a frequency in most cases slightly lower than foF2 is located in the city of Kharkiv. The foF2 value was permanently controlled by the ionosonde installed in about 45 km from the transmitter. We report and discuss the initial results of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observations for three years since January 2018 until December 2020. Statistical distributions of the frequency of appearance, periods, horizontal speeds, and propagation directions of TIDs are presented. The range of their most probable wavelengths is from 120 to 260 km, while their propagation velocities are from 80 to 220 m/s. The preferred direction of the TID propagation changes during the daytime and shows a tendency to rotate clockwise in azimuth. Notably, such regular long‐term measurements in the Eastern Europe have been carried out for the first time.
Nano-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors with laser speckle angular measurement
Authors: Wang Hongchang , Moriconi Simone , Sawhney Kawal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractX-ray mirrors are widely used for synchrotron radiation, free-electron lasers, and astronomical telescopes. The short wavelength and grazing incidence impose strict limits on the permissible slope error. Advanced polishing techniques have already produced mirrors with slope errors below 50 nrad root mean square (rms), but existing metrology techniques struggle to measure them. Here, we describe a laser speckle angular measurement (SAM) approach to overcome such limitations. We also demonstrate that the angular precision of slope error measurements can be pushed down to 20nrad rms by utilizing an advanced sub-pixel tracking algorithm. Furthermore, SAM allows the measurement of mirrors in two dimensions with radii of curvature as low as a few hundred millimeters. Importantly, the instrument based on SAM is compact, low-cost, and easy to integrate with most other existing X-ray mirror metrology instruments, such as the long trace profiler (LTP) and nanometer optical metrology (NOM). The proposed nanometrology method represents an important milestone and potentially opens up new possibilities to develop next-generation super-polished X-ray mirrors, which will advance the development of X-ray nanoprobes, coherence preservation, and astronomical physics.
MiR-9-3p regulates the biological functions and drug resistance of gemcitabine-treated breast cancer cells and affects tumor growth through targeting MTDH
Authors: Wang Yike , Dong Lifeng , Wan Fang , Chen Fangfang , Liu Dianlei , Chen Deqin , Long Jingpei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study explored the role of MTDH in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to gemcitabine (Gem) and the potential miRNAs targeting MTDH. The expression of MTDH in cancer tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining or qRT-PCR. The target genes for MTDH were predicted by bioinformatics and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. Cancer cells were transfected with siMTDH, MTDH, miR-9-3p inhibitor, or mimics and treated by Gem, then CCK-8, colony formation assay, tube formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell were performed to explore the effects of MTDH, miR-9-3p, and Gem on cancer cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Expressions of VEGF, p53, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, and Vimentin were determined by Western blot. MTDH was high-expressed in cancer tissues and cells, and the cells with high-expressed MTDH were less sensitive to Gem, while silencing MTDH expression significantly promoted the effect of Gem on inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and growth, and on regulating protein expressions of cancer cells. Moreover, miR-9-3p had a targeted binding relationship with MTDH, and overexpressed miR-9-3p greatly promoted the toxic effects of Gem on cancer cells and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, whereas overexpressed MTDH partially reversed such effects of overexpressed miR-9-3p. The study proved that miR-9-3p regulates biological functions, drug resistance, and the growth of Gem-treated breast cancer cells through targeting MTDH.