bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and functional analysis of bacteria in sclerotia of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Luo Li , Zhou Jia-Xi , Xu Zhong-Shun , Gao Ying-Ming , Zou Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cordyceps militaris is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from C. militaris are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of C. militaris. However, the community structure of microorganisms in samples from different places may be different, and the corresponding ecological functions require experimental verification.
Results
We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in sclerotia of three samples of C. militaris from Liaoning Province, China. Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Serratia were the dominant bacterial genera in the sclerotia. Pseudomonas and Pedobacter are heterotrophic, Sphingobacterium decomposes urea, and Serratia reduce nitrate. Two strains of bacteria, N-2 and N-26, were isolated from the sclerotia of the C. militaris, cultured, biochemically characterized, and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas baetica, respectively. When these isolated strains were respectively cocultured with C. militaris, the mycelium biomass, mycelium pellet diameter, and cordycepin content decreased.
Conclusions
Bacteria in sclerotia have an important effect on the growth of C. militaris and the production of its metabolites.
miR-17-5p promotes the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer by regulating HSPB2
Authors: Yu Weifang , Wang Jia , Li Chao , Xuan Mingda , Han Shuangshuang , Zhang Yingfu , Liu Pengfei , Zhao Zengren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) can affect tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. A significant upregulation of miR-17-5p expression was found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues by miRNA microarray chip analysis. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-17-5p in CRC is still unclear. The mRNA expression of miR-17-5p was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. In CRC group, the expression of miR-17-5p in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis was higher compared with those without lymph node metastasis. The biological function of miR-17-5p was demonstrated through CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Overexpression of miR-17-5p inhibited CRC cell apoptosis, as well as promoting proliferation, migration and invasion. Transcriptome sequencing and miRNA target prediction software suggested that HSPB2 might be a target gene of miR-17-5p and luciferase reporter detection validated for the first time that miR-17-5p binds directly to the 3'-UTR of HSPB2. In the rescue experiment, the tumor suppressive effect of HSPB2 was detected and miR-17-5p could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting HSPB2. Taken together, miR-17-5p promotes invasion and migration by inhibiting HSPB2 in CRC, thereby implicating its potential as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Adherence to somatostatin analog therapy for acromegaly
Authors: Ilovayskaya I. A. 
Published: May 2021

The main goals of treatment for many diseases are to improve the prognosis of diseases and to enhance the quality of life. Among the barriers that restrict achieving these goals we have to mention adherence to treatment. Patients with chronic diseases, including acromegaly, are at increased risk of poor adherence to treatment. The duration of supervision of patients with acromegaly in most cases exceeds 25-30 years, which makes the issue of adherence to treatment extremely important.One of the main goals of the acromegaly treatment is to achieve the target values of STH and IGF-1, which ensures the regression of most clinical symptoms and restoration of life expectancy. For this purpose, a significant proportion of patients with acromegaly receive somatostatin analog treatment - as a second line of treatment after non-radical neurosurgical intervention, or as the first line of treatment if neurosurgical intervention could not be performed for any reason. Adherence to treatment is influenced by socio-economic factors, the characteristics of the drug, and the characteristics of the patient. Recent studies have shown that the easy administration of lanreotide provides better treatment adherence than octreotide. Factors that can reduce adherence to the treatment of acromegaly are old age, mental disorders, subjective opinion about the low quality of life, the need to visit medical institutions to administer the drug. On the contrary, the ability to perform subcutaneous injections (on their own or with the help of relatives) without visiting medical facilities, providing accessible information about the disease and the need for its treatment significantly increases adherence to treatment. It is necessary to continue research on the factors and methods of increasing adherence to drug treatment of acromegaly.
Molecular Docking Studies for Protein-Targeted Drug Development in
SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nurhan Ahmad Dzulfikri , Gani Maria Apriliani , Maulana Saipul , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Ardianto Chrismawan , Khotib Junaidi 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused
a global pandemic and emergency. Currently, there is no therapeutic agent that has been proven effective
against the virus.

Objective:
We investigated and screened for 401 antiviral compounds that could inhibit one or more
of the three protein targets in SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like (3CL) protease, RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase, and spike glycoprotein) using the in-silico approach.

Methods:
Lipinski’s rule of five was used as an initial screening for relevant compounds. Ligand
preparation was conducted using JChem software and Schrödinger’s LigPrep module, while protein
elucidation was conducted using AutoDockTools-1.5.6. Molecular docking was analyzed using AutoDockVina.

Results:
Five antiviral compounds were obtained from each SARS-CoV-2 protein with ideal and
potential binding energy as a candidate for target protein inhibition on SARS-CoV-2, TAK-981;
lopinavir, mefloquine, and sitagliptin were potent inhibitors of 3CL protease; imatinib, relacatib,
AZD7986, imatinib, and TAK-981 proteins showed potential as inhibitors of RdRp tetrandrine, and,
selinexor, imatinib, lopinavir, and ciclesonide, showed potential as inhibitors of glycoprotein
AZD7986. These compounds have better binding energy than the three comparator drugs,
remdesivir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine.

Conclusion:
We obtained several antiviral compounds with reliable binding energies to the SARSCoV-
2 proteins and potentially better efficacy than the three comparator drugs. Furthermore, this
research will help accelerate the development of Covid-19 drugs.
An Insight into the Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Verma Rohit Kumar , Chawla Pooja , Pandey Manisha , Choudhury Hira , Mayuren Jayashree , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Gorain Bapi , Raja Maria Abdul Ghafoor , Amjad Muhammad Wahab , Obaidur Rahman Syed 
Published: May 2021

Background:The complication of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has made the development of its therapeutic a challenging task. Even after decades of research, we have achieved no more than a few years of symptomatic relief. The inability to diagnose the disease early is the major hurdle behind its treatment. Several studies have aimed to identify potential biomarkers that can be detected in body fluids (CSF, blood, urine, etc.) or assessed by neuroimaging (i.e., PET and MRI). However, the clinical implementation of these biomarkers is incomplete as they cannot be validated.Method:This study aimed to overcome the limitation of using artificial intelligence along with technical tools that have been extensively investigated for AD diagnosis. For developing a promising artificial intelligence strategy that can diagnose AD early, it is critical to supervise neuropsychological outcomes and imaging-based readouts with a proper clinical review.Conclusion:Profound knowledge, a large data pool, and detailed investigations are required for the successful implementation of this tool. This review will enlighten various aspects of early diagnosis of AD using artificial intelligence.
The Alchemy of Equality Rights
Authors: Sealy-Harrington Joshua 
Published: May 2021

A clear legal test for equality is impossible, as it should be. Indeed were the test clear, it could not be for equality. It would have to be for something other than equality — in effect, for inequality. The abstract character of equality is not a new idea. In fact, the Supreme Court of Canada’s first decision under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms1 recognized equality as “an elusive concept” that “lacks precise definition.”2 Why, then, do judges continue to demand such definition over thirty years later? The answer, at times, is politics.
1 s 15(1), Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter].2 Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia, [1989] 1 SCR 143 at 164, 56 DLR (4th) 1 [Andrews].
Comment on Fraser v Canada (AG): The More Things Change
Authors: Moon Richard 
Published: May 2021

Very early in my academic career I wrote two pieces about section 15.1 The first was written in 1987, before the Supreme Court of Canada had heard any section 15 cases,2 and the second in 1989 was a comment on Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia, the first of the Court’s section 15 decisions.3 When I re-read these pieces recently it struck me that with a few minor updates they could be read as comments on the Court’s recent decision in Fraser v Canada(Attorney General). 4 The same issues and tensions that were there at the beginning of section 15 are still there. They are built into the concept of constructive/effects discrimination and are not about to disappear. Shamelessly, I have reconstituted these two earlier pieces into a comment, of sorts, on the Fraser case. Other contributors in this special issue of the Constitutional Forum have set out the facts of the Fraser case and so I have not done so here.
1 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 15, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter].2 Richard Moon, “Discrimination and Its Justification: Coping with Equality Rights under the Charter” (1988) 26:4 Osgoode Hall LJ 673.3 Richard Moon, “A Discrete and Insular Right to Equality: Comment on Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia”(1989) 21:3 Ottawa L Rev 563.4 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser].
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2019
Authors: Ma Xiaoyue , Monroe Ben P. , Wallace Ryan M. , Orciari Lillian A. , Gigante Crystal M. , Kirby Jordona D. , Chipman Richard B. , Fehlner-Gardiner Christine , Cedillo Veronica Gutiérrez , Petersen Brett W. , Olson Victoria , Bonwitt Jesse 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To provide epidemiological information on animal and human cases of rabies occurring in the United States during 2019 and summaries of 2019 rabies surveillance for Canada and Mexico.

ANIMALS
All animals submitted for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in the United States during 2019.

PROCEDURES
State and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in the United States during 2019. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and wildlife rabies cases.

RESULTS
During 2019, 53 jurisdictions submitted 97,523 animal samples for rabies testing, of which 94,770 (97.2%) had a conclusive (positive or negative) test result. Of these, 4,690 tested positive for rabies, representing a 5.3% decrease from the 4,951 cases reported in 2018. Texas (n = 565 [12.0%]), New York (391 [8.3%]), Virginia (385 [8.2%]), North Carolina (315 [6.7%]), California (276 [5.9%]), and Maryland (269 [5.7%]) together accounted for almost half of all animal rabies cases reported in 2019. Of the total reported rabid animals, 4,305 (91.8%) were wildlife, with raccoons (n = 1,545 [32.9%]), bats (1,387 [29.6%]), skunks (915 [19.5%]), and foxes (361 [7.7%]) as the primary species confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (n = 245 [5.2%]) and dogs (66 [1.4%]) accounted for > 80% of rabies cases involving domestic animals in 2019. No human rabies cases were reported in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The overall number of animal rabies cases decreased from 2018 to 2019. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in animals is critical to ensure that human rabies postexposure prophylaxis is administered judiciously.
COVID -19 complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Myocarditis, and Pulmonary Embolism. A case report
Authors: Bulbul Rajai F. , Suwaidi Jassim Al , Al-Hijji Mohammed , Tamimi Hassan Al , Fawzi Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 49-year-old female Qatari woman, with no past medical history, presented at a hospital complaining of a history of cough and shortness of breath. The patient tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Subsequently, her course of treatment was complicated by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism and severe myocarditis requiring treatment with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to complete recovery.
Study The Effect Of Feed Withdrawal And Adding Dried Bakery Yeast In The Diet On ph And Some Microbial Types Of Broiler Chickens Intestine
Authors: AL-Hamiari Maha A. 
Published: May 2021

This study has been conducted to study the effect of feed withdrawal and adding dried bakery yeast on pH and some microbial indicators which includes Total Bacterial Count (TBC) ,Coliform Count (CC) , Fungi Count (FC) and Lactobacilli Count (LC) in the gastro -intestinal tract of 45 marketed broiler chickens at 8 weeks of age .The birds randomly distributed into three treatments and each treatment to three replicates (15 birds per replicate ) which were: un -treated control (T1) , broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T2) , broiler chickens fed a diet contained 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T3 ) . The data obtained revealed the
following :-No statically differences in the pH of gastro -intestinal tract were appeared due to feed withdrawal and adding dried bakery yeast . Feed withdrawal (T2) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in TBC ,TC and FC in the intestine content compaired with T1 and T3 . Adding 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T3) caused a significant (p<0.05) decreased in TBC,CC and FC , in the
mean time LC significantly (p<0.05) increased .
Effect of sorghum and methionine supplementation in productive performance and the quality of hatching eggs of two quail strains
Authors: Younis D. Th. 
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to identify the effect of corn replacement by sorghum and supplementation of methionine during growing and laying periods in productive performance and egg quality of two strains of quail (brown and black). Four hundred and eighty quails (240 of each strain) were used in this study. Birds reared on floor letter in semi opened house distributed into four treatments each with three replicates (20 birds in replicate). Experimental treatments were as follows: T1: fed on yellow corn ration (Control), T2: fed on ration in which 50% of corn replaced by sorghum , T3: fed on ration in which 50% of corn replaced by sorghum and supplemented with 0.2% methionine and T4: fed on ration in which 50% of corn replaced by sorghum and supplemented with 0.4% methionine . Statistical analysis of data showed no significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatments and strains in live body weight, average weekly weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio dressing percentage and mortality rate. After sexual maturity age no differences were observed between the treatments and strains in egg production HD%, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, egg shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, albumin height, yolk dimension, yolk height, blood glucose, blood triglyceride, blood total protein, blood hemoglobin, ALT and AST enzymes concentration in serum through out of the experimental period which was lasted for 99 days. In conclusion, the results revealed the possibility of 50% sorghum replacement instead of yellow corn without any passive effects on productive performance which reduce the productive costs.
Effect of season, number of service and station on conception rate and calf sex for dairy cow in sulaimania region
Authors: Amin Faraidoon A. M 
Published: May 2021

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of season and first, second and third services on reproductive efficiency of 1086 cows throughout the artificial insemination technique during 2012 as well as the effect of season of the year on the conception rates in cows in Sulaimani Region. The conception rate of first, second and third services were 69.3, 27.5, and 3%, respectively, with overall conception rate 45%. The total number of male calves born was 282 and the female calves were 211. The conception rate obtained at the Halabja station reaching its highest value follow Sharazoor station then Chamchamal station, while Rania station performed the lowest value. The conception rate in the Sharazoor station at the spring months reaching its highest value follow at the winter months then at the autumn months, while at the summer months performed lowest value. The results of the this work is concluded that a good season of fertility of the cows of Halabja is in winter to summer months, while in Sharazoor and Rania the fertility is better in winter to spring and in Chamchamal the good seasons of fertility are relatively similar.
Histopathological study of cecal tonsils in broilers exposed to heat stress after treatment with lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Ebtasam, J. A. Balqees H. A.; 
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus spp on the histology of cecal tonsils in broiler chicks exposed to heat stress. eighty broiler chicks were divided randomly into four groups equally and treated as follows: 1st group was administred orally with 1×108/0.1 CFU/ml of (L.B.) at one day old, 2nd group was treated as 1st group but at 21 days old, and 3rd group (control positive), all three groups were exposed to heat stress (38-40Cº) for period 10 days for three hours continuously, 4th group (control negative) was kept under natural condition. Organ samples from cecal tonsils were taken for histopathological test after 48 hrs., 120 hrs. and 240 hrs. of exposure to heat stress. The result revealed that most important lesions in 3rd group occur after 48 hrs. Cellular debri and marked cellularity (inflammatory cell) occur after 120hrs. was vacculation and degeneration of epithelial layer cell. While the first 1st group after 48 hrs. showed moderate cellularity, after 120 hrs. showed marked lymphocyte proliferation and after 220 hrs. Increased goblet cell in the epithelial cell and 2nd group showed after 48 hrs. mild cellarity of lamina properia, and after 120 hrs. showed moderate lymphocytic hyperplasia. In conclusion exposure to heat stress caused destructive lesion in the cecal tonsil especially after 48 hrs. and 120 hrs. and gave lactobacillus acidophilus at 21 days more effective that at one day in reducing the effect of heat stress on histology of cecal tonsils.
Direct Amplification of B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii DNA using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Following Microwave Treatment for Whole Blood Samples
Authors: Hade Balkes Fadel 
Published: May 2021

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is a cause of fetal death since T. gondii can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta (transplacental) from an infected mother or at vaginal delivery. Blood obtained from women and sheep to confirm their infection with toxoplasmosis by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay test (ELISA) to ditective positive specific anti-Toxoplasma (IgM, IgG and IgM, or IgG) antibodies. This study used two methodes to extract DNA (the first one was a standard extraction commercial method (CM-PCR) of genomic DNA using a commercial kit (Promega, USA), and the second one was the direct heat DNA extraction using microwave oven (MW-PCR) for whole blood samples obtained from infected women and sheep. Then nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (n PCR) were used to amplify Toxoplasma B1 gene to detect T. gondii DNA in whole blood samples. The results indecated using of microwave treatment instead of commercial kit to extract DNA is low cost and short time,and complement serology for clinical studies and diagnostic purposes of toxoplasmosis.
تأثير التغذية الملحية في تراكيز أيونات الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم في بلازما الدم وحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة لأسماك الكارب الشائع ( Cyprinus carpio )
Authors: السعدي ضمياء عليوي عبد الحسين 
Published: May 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير التغذية الملحية في بعض الصفات الفسلجية لأسماك الكارب الشائع (Cyprinus carpio). وقد استُعمل ملح الطعام في تركيب علائق غذائية بالنسب الآتية 1 و3 و5 % فضلاً عن عليقة السيطرة الخالية من الملح. مثلت كل عليقة غذائية معاملة بنفسها إشتملت على ثلاثة مكررات. استعمل 200 سمكة من الكارب الشائع ووزعت على 12 حوضاً زجاجيا بواقع 6 أسماك / حوض بمعدل وزن30 ± 10 غم. درست تأثيرات التغذية الملحية في النسبة المئوية لحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة ومستويات كل من أيونات الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم في بلازما الدم حيث حصلت زيادة معنوية في تركيز أيون البوتاسيوم في بلازما الدم بعد اضافة الملح بالتراكيز المذكورة اعلاه مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة وبلغ تركيز الصوديوم 111.15 ±2.30 و 127.20 ±4.04 و151.46 ±3.46 ملي مول/لتر في علائق التغذية الملحية ذات النسب 1 و3 و5 % على التوالي مقارنة بتركيزه في معاملة السيطرة2.88 ±107.22 ملي مول/لتر. كذلك سجل تركيز أيون البوتاسيوم في بلازما دم الأسماك ارتفاعا في قيمه في المجاميع T2 وT3 وT4 حيث بلغت قيمه 9.34 ±0.19 و15.77 ±0.11 و17.08 ±0.04 ملي مول/لتر في علائق التغذية الملحية 1 و3 و5 % على التوالي مقارنة بتركيزه في معاملة السيطرة والبالغ 7.16 ±0.09 ملي مول/لتر، كذلك لوحظ انخفاض حجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة بارتفاع تركيز الملح في العلائق الملحية فقد سجل القيم 21.00 ±1.00 و18.50 ±0.05 و10.50 ±0.50 % لمعاملات التغذية الملحية 1 و3 و5 % على التوالي مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 0.50±25.50 %.