bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing first births among adolescents in Mexico City’s public abortion programme
Authors: Darney Blair G , Fuentes-Rivera Evelyn , Saavedra-Avendano Biani , Sanhueza-Smith Patricio , Schiavon Raffaela 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionWe examined parity and age among women seeking an abortion in Mexico City’s public first-trimester abortion programme, Interrupcion Legal de Embarazo (ILE). We hypothesised that younger women, especially students, used abortion to prevent first births while older women used abortion to limit births.MethodsWe used clinical data from a sample of 47 462 women who had an abortion between 2007 and 2016 and classified them as nulliparous or parous according to previous births prior to the abortion. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with using abortion to prevent a first birth (nulliparous) versus limiting births (parous) and calculated absolute multivariable predicted probabilities.ResultsOverall, 41% of abortions were in nulliparous women seeking to prevent a first birth, and 59% were in women who already had one or more children. The adjusted probability of using abortion to prevent a first birth was 80.4% (95% CI 78.3 to 82.4) for women aged 12–17 years and 54.3% (95% CI 51.6 to 57.0) for women aged 18–24 years. Adolescents (aged 12–17 years) who were employed or students had nearly 90% adjusted probability of using abortion to prevent a first birth (employed 87.8%, 95% CI 82.9 to 92.8; students 88.5%, 95% CI 82.9 to 94.1). At all ages, employed women and students had higher probabilities of using abortion to prevent a first birth compared with unemployed women and women who work in the home.ConclusionLegal first-trimester abortion services in Mexico can help prevent first births in adolescents, especially students.
180-day readmission risk model for older adults with acute myocardial infarction: the SILVER-AMI study
Authors: Dodson John A , Hajduk Alexandra M , Murphy Terrence E , Geda Mary , Krumholz Harlan M , Tsang Sui , Nanna Michael G , Tinetti Mary E , Ouellet Gregory , Sybrant Deborah , Gill Thomas M , Chaudhry Sarwat I 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a 180-day readmission risk model for older adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that considered a broad range of clinical, demographic and age-related functional domains.MethodsWe used data from ComprehenSIVe Evaluation of Risk in Older Adults with AMI (SILVER-AMI), a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants aged ≥75 years with AMI from 94 US hospitals. Participants underwent an in-hospital assessment of functional impairments, including cognition, vision, hearing and mobility. Clinical variables previously shown to be associated with readmission risk were also evaluated. The outcome was 180-day readmission. From an initial list of 72 variables, we used backward selection and Bayesian model averaging to derive a risk model (N=2004) that was subsequently internally validated (N=1002).ResultsOf the 3006 SILVER-AMI participants discharged alive, mean age was 81.5 years, 44.4% were women and 10.5% were non-white. Within 180 days, 1222 participants (40.7%) were readmitted. The final risk model included 10 variables: history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of heart failure, initial heart rate, first diastolic blood pressure, ischaemic ECG changes, initial haemoglobin, ejection fraction, length of stay, self-reported health status and functional mobility. Model discrimination was moderate (0.68 derivation cohort, 0.65 validation cohort), with good calibration. The predicted readmission rate (derivation cohort) was 23.0% in the lowest quintile and 65.4% in the highest quintile.ConclusionsOver 40% of participants in our sample experienced hospital readmission within 180 days of AMI. Our final readmission risk model included a broad range of characteristics, including functional mobility and self-reported health status, neither of which have been previously considered in 180-day risk models.
(Oligo)metastasis as a Spectrum of Disease
Authors: Gutiontov Stanley I. , Pitroda Sean P. , Tran Phuoc T. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and most patients with metastases from solid tumors have historically been considered incurable. Here, we discuss the evolution of our understanding of the oligometastatic state with an emphasis on the view that cancer metastasis represents a spectrum of disease. We highlight several recently published prospective clinical trials demonstrating improvements in cancer-specific outcomes with the utilization of metastasis-directed local therapies. We discuss biological aspects of oligometastases, including genetic, epigenetic, and immune determinants of the metastatic spectrum. Finally, we propose future considerations regarding clinical trial design for patients with oligometastatic disease.
A Bispecific Single-Domain Antibody Boosts Autologous Vγ9Vδ2-T Cell Responses Toward CD1d in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: de Weerdt Iris , Lameris Roeland , Ruben Jurjen M. , de Boer Renate , Kloosterman Jan , King Lisa A. , Levin Mark-David , Parren Paul W.H.I. , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Kater Arnon P. , van der Vliet Hans J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Although considerable progress has been made with autologous T cell–based therapy in B-cell malignancies, application in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lags behind due to disappointing response rates as well as substantial toxicity that is of particular concern in the elderly CLL population. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells form a conserved T-cell subset with strong intrinsic immunotherapeutic potential, largely because of their capacity to be triggered by phosphoantigens that can be overproduced by CLL and other malignant cells. Specific activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells by a bispecific antibody may improve the efficacy and toxicity of autologous T-cell–based therapy in CLL.

Experimental Design:
We evaluated CD1d expression in a cohort of 78 untreated patients with CLL and generated and functionally characterized a CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager based on single-domain antibodies (VHH).

Results:
CD1d was expressed by CLL in the majority of patients, particularly in patients with advanced disease. The CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager induced robust activation and degranulation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, enabling Vγ9Vδ2-T cells from patients with CLL to lyse autologous leukemic cells at low effector-to-target ratios. Expression of CD1d on CLL cells is upregulated by all-trans retinoic acid, and sensitizes the malignant cells to bispecific VHH-induced lysis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor retains responsiveness to phosphoantigens when the bispecific VHH is bound, and aminobisphosphonates can therefore enhance bispecific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager–mediated tumor-specific killing.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our data demonstrate the immunotherapeutic potential of this novel CD1d-specific Vγ9Vδ2-T cell engager in CLL.
The Draft Convention Ecocide and the Role for Corporate Remediation. Some Insights from the International Monsanto Tribunal and a Recent Research Proposal
Authors: Colacurci Marco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The debate on introducing the international crime of ecocide and corporate liability at the international level has been intense during the last fifty years. A recent research project elaborated two draft conventions on the supranational crime of ecocide and transnational crimes (eco-crimes), both acknowledging corporate liability. Also in recent years, the International Monsanto Tribunal – an opinion tribunal – found the Monsanto multinational enterprise responsible for ecocide: although not binding, its advisory opinion tackles most of the critical issues arising from corporate environmental crime. After a review of the case, the article analyses the Draft Convention Ecocide, focusing on the main features of this crime and the corporate liability system provided. Albeit some aspects could be subject to critics, the project has several strengths, particularly for its pragmatic approach to corporate remediation, and also aimed at fostering the dialogue between the national States through the approval of a specific convention.
Global Perspectives on Religion, Media and Public Scholarship
Authors: Hutchings Tim , Asamoah-Gyadu Kwabena , Evolvi Giulia , Han Sam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article encourages researchers of religion, media and culture to develop new, global, comparative conversations about the meaning and purpose of public scholarship. Key terms like “religion”, “media”, “publicness” and “scholarship” can be understood and articulated differently in different social, cultural and geographical locations, and dialogue across our academic contexts is needed to help explore these parallels and divergences. This article shares three reflections from scholars who have lived and worked in west Africa, southern Europe and south-east Asia. Each contributor has been asked to address two questions: How do religious communities engage public audiences? And how can (or should) scholars communicate with the public? The conclusion to the article identifies some of the central themes of their responses: secularity, colonial legacies, globalization, power, vulnerability, and the intended audience of our public interventions.
HailTrack—Improving Radar-Based Hailfall Estimates by Modeling Hail Trajectories
Authors: Brook Jordan P. , Protat Alain , Soderholm Joshua , Carlin Jacob T. , McGowan Hamish , Warren Robert A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA spatial mismatch between radar-based hail swaths and surface hail reports is commonly noted in meteorological literature. The discrepancy is partly due to hailstone advection and melting between detection aloft and observation at the ground. This study aims to mitigate this problem by introducing a model named HailTrack, which estimates hailfall at the surface using radar observations. The model operates by detecting, tracking, and collating hailstone trajectories using dual-polarized, dual-Doppler radar retrievals. Notable improvements in hailfall forecasts were observed through the use of HailTrack, and initializing the model with radar retrievals of hail differential reflectivity HDR was found to produce the most accurate hailfall estimates. The analysis of a case study in Brisbane, Australia, demonstrated that trajectory modeling significantly improved the correlation between hail swaths and hail-related insurance losses, increasing Heidke skill scores from 0.48 to 0.58. The accumulated kinetic energy of hailstone impacts also showed some skill in identifying areas that were exposed to particularly severe hailfall. Other unique impact estimates are presented, such as hailstone advection information and hailstone impact angle statistics. The potential to run the model in real time and produce short-term (10–15 min) nowcasts is also introduced. Model applications include improving radar-based hail climatologies, validating hail detection techniques and insurance claims data, and providing real-time hail impact maps to improve public awareness of hail risk.
Climatology of Estimated Altimeter Error due to Nonstandard Temperatures
Authors: Guinn Thomas A. , Halperin Daniel J. , Herbster Christopher G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGeneral aviation (GA) accidents involving controlled flight into terrain often occur when pilots are unaware that their aircraft’s true altitude is lower than the altitude indicated by the pressure altimeter as a result of colder-than-standard temperatures. However, little guidance is available that quantifies the magnitude of these altimeter errors and their variation with season. In this study, the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) dataset is combined with the pressure–altitude equation to construct a 30-yr monthly climatology, covering much of the United States and Canada, of D value (i.e., true altitude minus pressure altitude) corrected for the standard-atmosphere height separation between the altimeter setting and standard mean sea level pressure. This “corrected” D value therefore provides a useful estimate of the error between true and altimeter-indicated altitude. During winter, the mean corrected D values reach values as low as −350 m (~−1200 ft) in northern, low-terrain regions for flights near a pressure altitude of 3600 m, meaning the aircraft would be nearly 350 m lower than the altimeter indicates. Furthermore, the minimum (i.e., maximum negative) corrected D values are nearly double their mean values for the same time period. In addition, the reanalysis-based corrected D values are compared with estimated values calculated using a simple rule of thumb that is based solely on the air temperature at altitude and the surface elevation. The rule of thumb tends to underpredict the magnitude of the estimated error, in some cases by 70 m (~200 ft), and therefore gives a lower margin of safety.
Otolaryngology Applicant Characteristics and Trends: Comparing OTO-HNS with Peer Specialties
Authors: Salehi Parsa P. , Heiser Alyssa , Salehi Pauniz , Torabi Sina J. , Fine Rebecca L. , Judson Benjamin , Azizzadeh Babak , Lee Yan H. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the recent Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OTO-HNS) applicant characteristics, to identify which applicant characteristics are associated with successful match into OTO-HNS, and to compare OTO-HNS applicant trends and characteristics to that of peer surgical specialties (PS). Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from official reports by the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) for OTO-HNS, plastic and reconstructive surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and dermatology from 2006 to 2019. Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, research productivity, graduation from a top-40 NIH-funded U.S. medical school, and additional graduate degree were recorded. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to evaluate the relationship between applicant qualifications and match success. Results: From 2014 to 2018, the OTO-HNS applicant pool shrunk from 443 to 333, representing the largest drop of all PS. Furthermore, OTO-HNS reported the most unfilled positions and highest match rates in 2017 (n = 14; 92.1%) and 2018 (n = 12; 94.6%) among any PS. Despite recent trends, 2019 NRMP data revealed a 38.74% increase in OTO-HNS applicant numbers compared to 2018. AOA membership (OR, 7.3; P = .030), USMLE Step 2 scores between 241 and 260 (OR, 6.5; P = .009), and research productivity (OR, 5.6; P = .005) significantly increased the odds of matching into OTO-HNS. Conclusions: Despite recent fluctuations in application trends, OTO-HNS continues to successfully match highly qualified applicants, including applicants with AOA membership, high Step 2 scores, and high research productivity. An understanding of the qualifications used to evaluate residency applicants may be helpful to both applicants and residency programs of OTO-HNS.
Psychopathological effects of the Coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) imposed lockdown on vulnerable patients in treatment in a mental health outpatient department for migrants and individuals in poor socioeconomic conditions
Authors: Aragona Massimiliano , Tumiati Maria Cristina , Ferrari Federica , Viale Sonia , Nicolella Gianluca , Barbato Angelo , Cavani Andrea , Costanzo Gianfranco , Mirisola Concetta 
Published: January 2021

Background: The effects of Sars-Cov-2 pandemic may increase vulnerability of migrants. Aims: To investigate the effects of the governmental lockdown on the mental health of vulnerable migrants in treatment at an outpatient department. Method: In a telephone survey post-migration living difficulties and psychopathological symptoms were investigated, particularly post-traumatic thoughts and nightmares, anxiety, depression, feelings of tension and irritability, other sleep problems, as well as COVID-19 related fears. Psychopathological changes during the lockdown were detected and rated by clinicians. Rates of treatment discontinuation and reasons why were also recorded. Results: Of 103 eligible patients, 81 answered the phone call and were included in the study. Mental symptoms were frequent but not as severe as expected. About 32% of patients in psychopharmacological treatment and almost 52% of patients in psychotherapy had discontinued treatment. Patients who were globally considered to have worsened if compared to their pre-coronavirus mental health conditions had in fact higher scores on several mental symptoms but mild specific fears about coronavirus issues, similar to those of patients improved or stable. Worsening was significantly associated with unemployment, lack of VISA, and treatment discontinuation. Shifting the way of providing psychotherapy into a web-based modality was significantly more frequent in stable/improved patients. Conclusion: Findings suggest that concrete life problems and treatment discontinuation more than the coronavirus fear, have predominantly affected the mental health conditions of our patients.
Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study
Authors: Chavan B.S. , Sidana Ajeet , Arun Priti , Rohilla Ravi , Singh Gurvinder Pal , Solanki R.K. , Aneja Jitender , Murara Mankirat Kaur , Verma Madhur , Chakraborty Saikat , Singh Chitra , Sharrma Himanshu , Sharma Raviprakash , Bahri Sanjay , Dushant  
Published: January 2021

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. Methodology: The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. Results: A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). Conclusion: The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.
Potential carbon emissions reduction related to the recovery of unutilised waste heat
Authors: Aglén Lina 
Published: January 2021

The introduction of district heating will have a significant impact on the building services industry, from the architecture of a building to its operation. This technical note investigates a delimited portion of the potential of currently unutilised heat which has the possibility to supply district heating networks in the UK. The UK industrial sector, wastewater treatment facilities and the existing UK waste incineration plants all produce waste heat available in a temperature range suitable for extraction into district heating networks via commercialised techniques broadly used in other countries. This technical note presents a comparative literature review, comparing UK statistics and studies with performance data based on Swedish operational facilities. It finds 51.7TWh of currently unutilised heat could be recovered annually, with a significant associated emission decrease if incorporated into the heat supply of the UK building stock. A quantitative analysis is carried out to compare the identified potential with the current UK heat demand and the potential impact on the UK carbon emissions is estimated. The calculations indicate a reduction of 14% in the required UK total domestic heat supply, despite only including a limited fraction of the available waste heat potential. Practical application: This technical note serves to highlight and emphasise the large amount of available waste heat potential currently not utilised in the UK. By estimating the impact of waste heat utilisation and incorporation into district heating and heat networks in the UK, the technical note aims to fuel discussion around the further incorporation of waste heat to be utilised in the UK heat sector.
A randomised controlled clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of bandaging compared to the JuxtaCures™ device in the management of people with venous ulceration: Feasibility study
Authors: Stather Philip , Petty Carroll , Langthorne Helen , Rayner Emma , Zhang Jufen , Hayden Karen , Howard Adam 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The mainstay of treatment for venous ulceration remains compression therapy. Velcro Wrap devices are being increasingly used in these patients despite limited evidence. This feasibility study aimed to compare standard bandaging to the JuxtaCures™ Velcro wrap device. Methods A single centre, unblinded RCT compared participants with venous ulceration randomised to either the JuxtaCures™ device or short stretch bandaging. Participants were followed up for 26 weeks. Results 160 participants were screened with 40 randomised. 3 participants in bandaging and 1 in JuxtaCures™ didn’t complete the study. 60% in JuxtaCures™ healed v 55% in bandaging despite larger ulcers in the JuxtaCures™ arm (9.33 cm2 v 6.97 cm2). There was no significant difference in time to healing (12.17 v 13.64 weeks). JuxtaCures™ showed improved ulcer reduction for those that didn’t heal (14.91–5.00 cm2 v 14.20–8.62 cm2; P = 0.06). JuxtaCures™ had more consistent sub-bandage pressure dropping from 39–36 mmHg versus 41–25 mmHg in bandaging between application and removal (P < 0.001). Quality of life (EQ5D) was improved in JuxtaCures at 3 months (mean difference 0.14, p = 0.04), but not at 1 and 6 months, or in disease specific quality of life. Cost was lower in JuxtaCures™ £842.47 v £1064.68. Duration of appointment was significantly shorter in JuxtaCures™ (41 minutes v 53 minutes; P = 0.003). Conclusion This study has shown the feasibility and necessity of running a multicentre trial to evaluate the use of Velcro wrap devices for venous ulceration. It highlights the potential benefits of more consistent pressure, increased self-care, and potential with regards to ulcer healing, cost, nursing resource and quality of life.