bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Optical Spectrometers on Silicon Photonics Platforms
Authors: Zhang Zunyue , Zhang Shujiao , Liu Xingyu , Wei Zhijie , Sharma Tarun , Murugan Ganapathy Senthil , Tsang Hon Ki , Liu Tiegen , Cheng Zhenzhou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpectroscopy plays a pivotal role in discerning the chemical and biochemical compositions of analytes, significantly impacting chemical and material analysis, disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and space exploration. Despite the widespread demand for optical spectrometers in both industry and academia, their deployment in many practical applications is hindered by the high costs, large footprints, and mechanical vibration sensitivity of conventional spectrometers. These problems are addressed by integrated optical spectrometers. Silicon photonics offers a potentially low‐cost platform for ultracompact integrated optical spectrometers, leveraging the complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible fabrication technology and high flexibility in on‐chip light manipulation of high‐index waveguides. The integrated optical spectrometers on silicon photonics platforms provide promising solutions for developing ultra‐compact and cost‐effective spectral analyzers in various applications. This review paper overviews recent advancements in integrated optical spectrometers on silicon photonics platforms over the past decades, focusing on their fundamental principles, design methodologies, spectral performances, and potential applications. By blending foundational knowledge with cutting‐edge research, this review aims to involve researchers from different fields, including spectroscopy, materials science, astronomy, environmental engineering, and beyond.
Improving Stability and Mechanical Strength of Electrospun Chitosan‐Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using Genipin Cross‐linking for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Uma Thanu Krishnan Neela Nagalekshmi , Szewczyk Piotr K. , Karbowniczek Joanna E. , Polak Martyna , Knapczyk‐Korczak Joanna , Stachewicz Urszula 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrospun nanofiber scaffolds have become vital in biomedical applications due to their high surface area and tunable properties. Chitosan (CS) is widely used, but its rapid degradation limits its effectiveness. This study addresses this limitation by blending CS with polycaprolactone (PCL) and applying genipin cross‐linking to enhance its stability and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a uniform morphology of the electrospun fibers, and further, the crystallinity of the scaffolds before and after cross‐linking is verified. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze the chemical structure, identifying the presence of trifluoroacetic acid residues in the as‐spun fibers. These residues are successfully eliminated through neutralization and cross‐linking, which are critical for enhancing stability and cell viability in in‐vitro studies. Mechanical testing revealed that cross‐linked CS+PCL scaffolds exhibit a 350% increase in tensile strength compared to pure CS, and zeta potential reaches the favorable for cell development ‐26.27 mV. The cytotoxicity assay results with murine NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells indicate the suitability of CS+PCL scaffolds for targeted tissue engineering and wound healing. This work establishes the potential for fine‐tuning scaffold properties to create stable, functional, and biocompatible substrates for extended biomedical use.
Patient‐Reported Experience Measures for In‐ and Outpatients in Mental Health and Substance Use Services: Psychometric Properties and Results From a Nationwide Survey in Finland
Authors: Viertiö Satu , Therman Sebastian , Kuussaari Kristiina , Suvisaari Jaana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe implemented the first national patient experience survey, with novel patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs), in out‐ and inpatient mental health and substance use services in Finland.MethodsThe Outpatient Experience Scale (OPES) and the Inpatient Experience Scale (IPES) were co‐designed with experts by experience and professionals. The survey was carried out in 2021 in 435 treatment facilities. We applied bi‐factor analysis of ordinal indicators to prespecified and exploratory models.ResultsWe received 8794 outpatient and 1112 inpatient responses. Both the OPES and the IPES were essentially unidimensional, with high internal consistency (omega 0.98 in both) and strong factor loadings. The Net Promoter Score item was a fairly poor indicator of overall satisfaction. The most positive experiences were related to respect and acceptance, while statements related to receiving information and inclusion of significant others in the treatment process received more critical feedback. The best experience was in integrated mental health and substance use services. Involuntarily admitted patients had the most negative patient experiences.ConclusionsThe new PREMs proved to work well in measuring patient experience. Service users generally reported positive experiences. The primary service development need is sharing information with patients.
Effect of Zr Doping on Structure and Ferroelectric Properties of Nanostructured Barium Titanate
Authors: Salem Mohamed M. , Altarawneh Aseel M. , Alibwaini Yamen A. , Ghazy Ryad , Hemeda Osama M. , Zhou Di , Darwish Moustafa A. , Hossain M. Khalid , Tishkevich Daria I. , Zubar Tatiana I. , Trukhanova Ekaterina L. , Trukhanov Alex V. , Trukhanov Sergei V. , Mostafa Maha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUsing soft chemistry methods, solid solutions of BaTi1‐xZrxO3 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 were obtained. The phase nature and features of the perovskite crystalline structure were established by x‐ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that the average particle size increases with increasing content of zirconium cations. The average size of the crystallites, which are mostly irregular in shape and closely connected, is ∼43 nm. The d33 piezoelectric coefficient decreases while the concentration of zirconium cations increases. It is interesting to note that the residual polarization very strongly depends on the average crystallite size and, on the contrary, increases with increasing concentration of zirconium cations. The discovered behavior can be used in the design and production of electrostatic read‐only memory devices.
Regularized X‐FEM Modeling of Arbitrary 3D Interacting Crack Networks
Authors: Iarve Endel V. , Zhou Eric , Ballard M. Keith , Gao Zhenjia , Adluru Hari K. , Mollenhauer David 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAn extension to the Regularized eXtended Finite Element Method (RX‐FEM) is proposed that allows arbitrary 3D cracks through a novel hierarchical enrichment algorithm. The technique avoids geometric consideration of how a crack cuts elements or intersects other cracks. Each crack is described separately in terms of its sign distance function and regularized step function, which are only recorded for nodes in the region where the gradient of the regularized step function is non‐zero. The algorithm creates a set of superimposed nodes, referred to as node twins, and elements, referred to as twinned elements, for each crack and determines the connectivity of the element twins using the involved crack indices. The displacement jump is calculated between each pair of element twins corresponding to the same crack, and a cohesive zone model (CZM) is formulated for each pair of twins to model crack opening. Following the theory for the novel method, several examples are presented that illustrate capabilities of the new method that the traditional RX‐FEM formulation lacked. A quasi‐2D example of offset crack propagation is considered and successfully compared with published results. Additionally, two 3D examples involving perpendicularly intersecting cracks are considered, illustrating the intersection of two crack fronts and correct partitioning of the domain into eight fragments due to three crossing cracks, respectively.
Innovative Progress of LSPR‐Based Dark‐Field Scattering Spectral Imaging in the Biomedical Assay at the Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Lixiang , Li Lingling , Feng Chen , Cao Yue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for detection and sensing in the biomedical field is placing higher demands on technology. In clinical testing, it is expected to be able to realize both rapid large‐field imaging and analysis of single particles (or single molecules or single cells), and it is expected to be able to grasp both the unique individuality of single particles in time and space during the complex reaction process, as well as the regular correlation between single particles in the same population distribution. Supported and promoted by the theory of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), dark‐field microscopy, as a single‐particle optical imaging technique with a very high signal‐to‐noise ratio, provides a powerful new means to address the above clinical detection needs. This review will focus on the innovative applications of dark‐field microscopy in biomedical‐related assays in the past five years, introducing the basic principles and listing the impressing works. We also summarize how dark‐field microscopy has been combined with other techniques, including surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence, colorimetry, electrochemistry, etc., to witness the joint progress and promotion of detection methods in the future. It also provides an outlook on the current challenges and future trends in this field.
Tensile failure strain mechanism of stitched composites with z‐stitch method: Influence of stitch pattern and density
Authors: Mei Ming , Zeng Tai , Wang Wenjie , He Yujia , Jiang Shengqiang , Wen Lei , Huang Jielin , Li Xu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe tensile failure mechanism of standard composites has been extensively investigated, but is not clear for stitched composites with z‐stitch method. This work systematically explored the tensile performance of the stitched composites with z‐stitch method under different stitch patterns and densities. The tensile strength and Poisson's ratio of stitched composites are reduced especially under high stitch density and 45° and 90° stitch patterns due to the induced defects and suppression effect on the crimp of load‐bearing yarn. Most importantly, the strain at failure moment is meticulously characterized to elucidate the failure strain mechanism by digital image correlation. For the stitched composite with 0° stitch pattern, obvious strain concentration only occurs in high stitch density specimen. In contrast, the strain concentration occurs in any stitch density for stitched composites with 45° and 90° stitch patterns, and is located around the stitch thread, especially becomes small with the increase of stitch density.Highlights
High stitch density, 45° and 90°patterns reduce strength and Poisson's ratio.
Strain concentration occurs at failure moment in high stitch density specimen.
Strain concentration is located around stitch thread.
Engineered Polystyrene‐Zirconium Dioxide Nanocomposite With Enhanced Optical Properties
Authors: James Jemy , Thomas Martin George , Joseph Tomy Muringayil , Maria Hanna J. , Vignaud Guillaume , Grohens Yves , Penkova Anastasia , Rouxel Didier , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe demand for transparent polymers with high‐refractive indices (RIs) is increasing due to their versatility; however, low RIs also hold significance. Engineering the RI of polymer nanocomposites is crucial which benefits industry and research. The study investigates the influence of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the optical and surface properties of the polystyrene matrix. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirms that transparency is maintained with a light transmittance of 90 even with a ZrO2 loading of 16 wt%, while ellipsometry shows a steady increase in the RI due to the incorporation of nanoparticles. The RI of composites exceeds that of pure polystyrene (RI: 1.3–1.7) and utilizes the RI of ZrO2 (> 2.00) without altering the sample thickness. The microscopic image shows uniform distribution of particles up to 8 wt%, with slight agglomeration at higher contents. Scanning electron microscopy examination shows that the ZrO2 nanoparticles (20–150 nm) form loose agglomerated structures, while atomic force microscopy examination shows aggregate formation at 16 wt%. The addition of ZrO2 increases the surface roughness and water contact angle up to 4 wt%, which is related to the concentration of the nanofiller and the minimal interaction between ZrO2 and water. The results demonstrate the potential of ZrO2‐loaded nanocomposites for applications requiring high RIs and optical transparency.
Optimizing Surplus Food Redistribution: Leveraging Digital Platforms to Advance Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Agmapisarn Charoenchai , Seetha Prapakorn , Fakfare Pipatpong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTReducing food waste is a critical global challenge, intertwined with broader goals of sustainable consumption and sustainable development. This challenge is addressed by surplus food mobile applications that connect restaurants with consumers to minimize waste and promote sustainability. This study employs the Attitude‐Behavior‐Context (ABC) theory to investigate the key features of these platforms that influence consumer attitudes and food waste reduction behaviors, contributing to sustainability. Utilizing Integrated Generalized Structured Component Analysis (IGSCA) alongside single Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), we examined features such as real‐time listings, sustainability messaging, accessibility, discounted pricing, and charitable collaborations. Results indicate that real‐time listings, sustainability messaging, accessibility, and charitable collaborations are crucial for fostering positive consumer attitudes and driving effective food waste reduction, while discounted pricing did not significantly impact attitudes. Complemented by necessity logic, these findings extend the ABC theory by emphasizing the essential role of specific contextual factors in promoting sustainable behaviors. Practically, the study offers actionable insights for platform developers to prioritize essential features, enhancing consumer engagement and contributing to the reduction of food waste in alignment with sustainability objectives.
Exploring the Antiaging Properties of Curcumin, Flaxseed, and Collagen: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Varma Payal , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAging is a progressive and irreversible pathophysiological process. It manifests as a reduction in the functioning of tissues and cells as well as a marked increase in the risk of several aging‐related diseases, including metabolic, immune system diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the search for potent antiaging agents is crucial. Curcumin, collagen, and flaxseed are considered antiaging agents due to their unique properties and mechanisms that help combat the signs of aging. Curcumin, a potent phytochemical exhibits strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, Collagen, an essential protein for skin elasticity and strength, flaxseed rich in lignans, antioxidants, and omega‐3 fatty acids offers a nutrient‐dense profile that helps to shield the skin from oxidative stress and inflammation. This review focuses on the antiaging properties of curcumin, collagen, and flaxseed, highlighting their unique structures as well as their molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging. Various extrinsic and intrinsic factors lead to decreases in the production of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin making the skin prone to wrinkles, and damage. These factors and their impacts are discussed in this article. By examining the current research, this review sheds light on the potential benefits and innovative uses of these substances in antiaging treatments. The article also identifies future directions for research and development in this promising field.
New Quinoxaline Linked Fused Imidazo‐oxazole Conjugates as EGFR Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, in Vitro Anti‐Breast Cancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking Studies and in Silico ADMET
Authors: Ferazoddin Mohammad , Syeda Arshiya Banu , Palabindela Rambabu , Syeda Asra Banu , Dasari Gouthami , Bandari Srinivas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel series of quinoxaline‐linked fused oxazole‐imidazole conjugates (7a–n) have been synthesized. The anticancer activity of these compounds was evaluated against two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, using Erlotinib as a reference drug, with the MTT assay method. The results showed that compounds 7g, 7f, and 7e exhibited significantly greater efficacy compared to the standard drug Erlotinib. In a cell survival test using the normal breast cell line MCF‐10A, these three potent compounds (7g, 7f, and 7e) were evaluated, and none displayed notable cytotoxicity, with IC50 values greater than 98.13 #x000B5;M. Furthermore, compounds 7g, 7f, and 7e were assessed for tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibitory activity, using Erlotinib as the reference. The in vitro tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibitory assay revealed that compounds 7g and 7f demonstrated excellent efficacy, with IC50 values of 1.52 ± 0.09 µM and 1.25 ± 0.08 µ;M, respectively. Molecular docking studies also confirmed that compounds 7g, 7f, and 7e exhibited strong binding interactions with both EGFR and ER‐α. Additionally, the most potent compounds (7g, 7f, and 7e) underwent in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation using SWISS, ADME, and pkCSM. These compounds complied with five major filters (Lipinski's rule, Ghose rule, Veber rule, Egan rule, and Muegge rule) without any violations.
Sasa veitchii extract exhibits antitumor effect against murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Hamanaka Junya , Mikami Yurie , Horiuchi Ayane , Yano Aiko , Amano Fumiya , Shibata Suo , Ogata Aya , Ogata Kenichi , Nagatsu Akito , Miura Nobuhiko , Sano Makoto , Suzui Masumi , Yoshioka Hiroki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimSasa veitchii extract (SE) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat halitosis, stomatitis, gingivitis, and pressure ulcers. SE exerts various antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor effects. Although SE has the potential to inhibit breast, colon, and lung cancer cells, it remains unknown whether these effects can also be applied to other types of cancer. In this study, we explored the antitumor effects of SE in murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells both in vivo and in vitro.MethodsFor in vitro experiments, we examined cell proliferation after 48 hours. We evaluated the apoptosis‐and cell‐cycle‐related molecules using immunocytochemistry and immunoblot analyses. For the in vivo study, we evaluated the tumor volume and weight during three weeks of SE administration using an allograft model.ResultsSE showed the antitumor effect in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. SE treatment induced apoptosis in higher dose (400 μg/mL) and induced the downregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinases Cdk4/Cdk6 and Cyclin D1 in lower dose (200 μg/mL). In a murine allograft model, tumor volume and weight were reduced by SE administration.ConclusionSE exhibits an antitumor effect against murine PDAC cells in vivo and in vitro.
Emerging Alzheimer's disease treatment paradigms: A late‐stage clinical trial review
Authors: Hlávka Jakub P. , Kinoshita Andrew T. , Jeyasingh Divya , Huang Cheng , Mirsafian Leila , Jacobson Mireille 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWithout disease‐modifying interventions, Medicare and Medicaid spending on Alzheimer's disease (AD) management is expected to reach 637 billion USD annually by 2050. The recent advent of promising AD therapies after decades of a near‐total failure rate in clinical trials suggests that more disease‐modifying therapies are on the horizon. In this review, we assess the late‐stage pipeline of disease‐modifying candidates for AD and offer a novel classification of intervention candidates by treatment paradigms—groups of candidates that share an underlying biological mechanism of action and general disease target.METHODSWe extracted data from the National Library of Medicine clinical trials database regarding Phase 2 and 3 trials of disease‐modifying AD therapies. We categorized trials into eight unique treatment paradigms, which we defined by combinations of therapy (biologic, small molecule, cell and gene therapy, other) and target (amyloid, tau, other). We analyzed primary endpoints, eligibility criteria including clinical ratings of cognition, trial phase and length, and funding sources.RESULTSWe identified 123 unique disease‐modifying intervention candidates in 175 late‐stage clinical trials. Biologic and small molecule drugs comprised 30% and 54% of trials, respectively. Eligibility criteria favored patients between the ages of 60 and 80 years with mild cognitive impairment. Including multi‐phase trials, 81% of studies were engaged in Phase 2 and 27% in Phase 3. Notably, within the Biologic–Amyloid paradigm, 64% of trials were engaged in Phase 3.DISCUSSIONCurrent studies of disease‐modifying therapies for AD comprise a diverse set of approaches to treating the disease. However, effort is largely concentrated in a few treatment paradigms and a narrow patient population, causing varying rates of progress among treatment paradigms in the late‐stage clinical trial pipeline. Strategies may be warranted to accelerate successes in the most promising therapeutical paradigms and nurture growth within nascent areas lacking resources but not potential.Highlights
An analysis of Alzheimer's disease trial treatment paradigms was conducted.
From April 2021 to March 2023, 175 trials of 123 unique candidates were reviewed.
Biologic and small molecule drugs comprised 30% and 54% of trials, respectively.
Eligibility criteria favored ages 60 through 80 with mild cognitive impairment.
Effect of local epidural application of methylprednisolone acetate on time to ambulation in non‐ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease: A prospective randomised, blinded control trial
Authors: Natsios Pavlos , Golini Lorenzo , Park Brian H. , Steffen Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to analyse the potential benefit of the epidural application of steroids on time to ambulation in non‐ambulatory dogs affected by intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) treated with decompressive surgery.MethodsThis prospective, randomised, blinded control trial involved 41 dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion, which were randomly allocated into two groups. In the control group, saline was locally applied after surgical decompression of the spinal cord (n = 23). In the treatment group (n = 18), local epidural application of methylprednisolone acetate (1 mg/kg) was used. Ambulation time was the primary outcome measure, defined as the ability to take 10 independent steps.ResultsThe median number of days to ambulation was 7 days (range: 1‒17 days) for the control group and 3 days (range: 1‒8 days) for the treatment group. One dog from the treatment group developed discospondylitis and abscess formation.LimitationsThe study's heterogeneity in dog breeds, ages and pre‐existing health conditions could affect the generalisability of the findings.ConclusionEpidural methylprednisolone acetate applied locally at the time of surgery may accelerate recovery in dogs following IVDD surgery.
Next Steps in Research, Business, and Policy
Authors: Caplin Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter highlights important next steps in cognitive economic research in relation to the cognitive revolution. Particular topics discussed are design of human- AI interactions, ensuring that workers and students are as well informed as possible about the impact of AI on their future earnings, and how to test students in the era of Large Language Models. It also stresses business and policy applications of cognitive economic research in relation to financial planning, cognitive decline, and online consumer protection.