bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion parallax via head movements modulates visuo-motor control in pigeons
Authors: Hataji Yuya , Kuroshima Hika , Fujita Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough it has been proposed that birds acquire visual depth cues through dynamic head movements, behavioral evidence on how birds use motion parallax depth cues caused by self-motion is lacking. This study investigated whether self-generated motion parallax modulates pecking motor control and visual size perception in pigeons (Columba livia). We trained pigeons to peck a target on a touch monitor and to classify it as small or large. To manipulate motion parallax of the target, we changed the target position on the monitor according to the bird's head position in real time using a custom-built head tracker with two cameras. Pecking motor control was affected by the manipulation of motion parallax: when the motion parallax signified the target position farther than the monitor surface, the head position just before pecking to target was near the monitor surface, and vice versa. By contrast, motion parallax did not affect how the pigeons classified target sizes, implying that motion parallax might not contribute to size constancy in pigeons. These results indicate that motion parallax via head movements modulates pecking motor control in pigeons, suggesting that head movements of pigeons have the visual function of accessing motion parallax depth cues.
Έμφυλα στερεότυπα και μετασχηματισμός θεωρήσεων στην εσπερινή εκπαίδευση ενηλίκων: νοητικές συνήθειες και αποπροσανατολιστικά βιώματα γυναικών που επιστρέφουν στην εκπαίδευση
Authors: Μαλτέζου Δομνίκη , Κουλαουζίδης Γεώργιος Αρχιμήδη 
Published: January 2021

Το παρόν άρθρο έχει ως στόχο να συνεισφέρει στον προβληματισμό για το πώς το φύλο, ως κοινωνική «κατασκευή» πολιτισμικά προσδιορισμένη, μπορεί να επηρεάσει τη συγκρότηση του πλαισίου αναφοράς, την ταυτότητα, τις επιλογές και την εξελικτική πορεία των γυναικών. Η έρευνα εστιάζεται σε έναν χώρο, ο οποίος είναι σχετικά αγνοημένος ερευνητικά, σε αυτόν της εσπερινής εκπαίδευσης. Πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο της συγγραφής ερευνητικής διπλωματικής εργασίας σε μεταπτυχιακό επίπεδο και είχε διάρκεια έξι μηνών, με τη συμμετοχή δέκα ενήλικων γυναικών-μαθητριών του Εσπερινού Γενικού Λυκείου Δράμας. Για τις ανάγκες της έρευνας επιλέχθηκε η αφηγηματική – βιογραφική ερευνητική μεθοδολογία, με σκοπό να διερευνηθούν σε βάθος οι παραδοχές, οι αντιλήψεις και οι στάσεις των πληροφορητριών, μέσω βιογραφικών συνεντεύξεων. Η βιογραφική εμπειρία των γυναικών της έρευνας, μέσα από την παράθεση αφηγηματικών συγκροτήσεων, έδωσε την δυνατότητα να διαφανούν οι κοινωνικοποιητικοί παράγοντες, οι οποίοι συμβάλλουν στην αναπαραγωγή και διαιώνιση έμφυλων στερεοτυπικών αντιλήψεων και ρόλων. Οι ιστορίες ζωής των γυναικών φανέρωσαν ότι ο σεξισμός, η έμφυλη άνιση διαφοροποίηση, όπως εκδηλώνεται σε σχέσεις ασυμμετρίας στο πλαίσιο της οικογένειας, του σχολείου και του ευρύτερου κοινωνικού χώρου, στερεί από τις γυναίκες εκπαιδευτικές ευκαιρίες και προοπτικές εξέλιξης. Το πλαίσιο αναφοράς, η ταυτότητα των γυναικών, συγκροτείται και περιορίζεται στο ρόλο της συζύγου-μητέρας. Η βίωση αποπροσανατολιστικών διλημμάτων, είτε ως κομβικών σημαντικών γεγονότων - είτε ως βίωση παρατεταμένων καταστάσεων ανισότητας, υποτακτικότητας, αδικίας ή και έμφυλης βίας, καλλιεργεί την ανάγκη αυτοπροσδιορισμού και επαναπλαισίωσης της ταυτότητας και εκφράζεται με την απόφασή τους-σε ώριμη ηλικία -να επαναπροσδιορίσουν τη σχέση τους με την εκπαίδευση. Η φοίτηση στο Εσπερινό Γενικό Λύκειο φαίνεται να επιτυγχάνει τον στόχο του μετασχηματισμού των νοηματικών θεωρήσεων, παρέχοντας στις ίδιες περισσότερο ουσιώδεις νοηματοδοτήσεις αυτόβουλης σκέψης και την αναγκαιότητα συνακόλουθης δράσης. Οι έμφυλες παραδοχές, το πλαίσιο αναφοράς και τα βιώματα των συμμετεχουσών στην έρευνα, τα οποία μπορούν να χαρακτηριστούν ως αποπροσανατολιστικά και ικανά για να εγείρουν νέες θεωρήσεις στη σκέψη και στη δράση τους, εξετάσθηκαν υπό το πλαίσιο της θεωρίας μετασχηματισμού του Mezirow. Η έρευνα, αν και λόγω των χαρακτηριστικών της στερείται τη δυνατότητα γενίκευσης συμπερασμάτων, παρέχει, εντούτοις, δυνατότητα ανάδειξης, εμβάθυνσης, ερμηνείας και αυτοστοχασμού για τον ρόλο των έμφυλων στερεοτύπων, μέσα από τη φωνή ατόμων τα οποία δεν έχουν συμπεριληφθεί ή που υπο-αντιπροσωπεύονται σε έρευνες.
Η εμπειρία της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης φοιτητών με μαθησιακές δυσκολίες ή αναπηρία στην περίοδο του COVID-19: Μια πιλοτική έρευνα
Authors: Σταμπολτζή Αγλαϊα - Λία , Γιαννούλας Άγγελος , Καλαματιανός Αντώνης 
Published: January 2021

Η ταχύτατη εξάπλωση του κορωνοϊού (COVID-19) στις αρχές του 2020 ήταν μια απρόσμενη κατάσταση που επηρέασε όλους τους τομείς της ζωής των ανθρώπων. Η αναστολή λειτουργίας των εκπαιδευτικών ιδρυμάτων επιβλήθηκε σχεδόν ταυτόχρονα σε 61 χώρες. Τα πανεπιστήμια αναγκάστηκαν σε μικρό χρονικό διάστημα (μερικών εβδομάδων) να προσαρμοστούν στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση, αντιμετωπίζοντας μια μεγάλη πρόκληση. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η καταγραφή του βαθμού αποδοχής των μεθόδων εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλίας και μάθησης από φοιτητές με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες (αναπηρία/πάθηση ή μαθησιακές δυσκολίες) που φοιτούν σε δημόσια πανεπιστήμια αλλά και ο εντοπισμός πιθανών εμποδίων, δυσκολιών αλλά και πλεονεκτημάτων της διαδικτυακής μάθησης εν μέσω COVID-19. Το δείγμα της έρευνας ήταν 73 φοιτητές και φοιτήτριες (37 με πάθηση/αναπηρία και 36 με διαγνωσμένες μαθησιακές δυσκολίες από δώδεκα πανεπιστημιακά ιδρύματα της χώρας). Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων κατασκευάστηκε ερωτηματολόγιο κλειστών ερωτήσεων, το οποίο απαντήθηκε ηλεκτρονικά από τους συμμετέχοντες. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, η αντίληψη των φοιτητών με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες για την εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση είναι γενικώς θετική, με τους φοιτητές με αναπηρία/πάθηση να εκφράζουν ελαφρώς θετικότερη στάση. Τα 2/3 των φοιτητών απάντησαν θετικά στην προοπτική της συνέχισης της εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλίας και μετά τη λήξη της πανδημίας. Οι μισοί συμμετέχοντες δεν είχαν επαρκή ενημέρωση πριν την έναρξη της διαδικτυακής μάθησης, ενώ ένα πολύ μικρό ποσοστό (4,6%) φαίνεται να είναι εξοικειωμένο με την εξειδικευμένη υποστηρικτική τεχνολογία που προβλέπεται για τους φοιτητές με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες. Οι φοιτητές ανέφεραν εμπόδια και δυσκολίες που συνάντησαν στην εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλία και επισήμαναν τα πλεονεκτήματα της διαπροσωπικής επαφής και ανατροφοδότησης από τους καθηγητές. Η παρούσα μελέτη είναι πιλοτική και αποτελεί το έναυσμα για περαιτέρω έρευνα. Οι αντιλήψεις και οι εμπειρίες των φοιτητών (θετικές ή αρνητικές) πρέπει να ληφθούν υπόψη για βελτίωση της εξ αποστάσεως διδασκαλίας και εξασφάλιση επιπρόσθετων μηχανισμών στήριξης σε μελλοντικές καταστάσεις.
Case Report: The use of advanced consent methodology and healthcare professional consultee to facilitate research participation in dying patients
Authors: Stanley Sarah , Nwosu Amara Callistus 
Published: January 2021

As the need for palliative care increases, it is essential for research opportunities to be offered to patients with palliative care needs to ensure patients can receive evidence-based treatments and services to improve care. Although it is recognised that palliative, and in particular end of life, research can be both methodically and ethically challenging it is important to note that palliative patients are keen to be involved with research. Over the past three years, patients in Marie Curie Hospice Liverpool have been recruited to a research study evaluating hydration, where advance consent methodology is used to facilitate participation at the end of life. In this study, participants provided ‘advanced consent’ to receive research assessments, in anticipation of the deterioration of their health and loss of the ability to provide consent to ongoing research participation. During this process, recruiting participants will nominate a consultee (who can be any family member, friend or healthcare professional), who is contacted by the researcher prior to completion of research assessments. Participants will generally choose a caregiver or friend to act as a personal consultee; however, there may be some instances where a healthcare professional is chosen. In this, we share our experiences using advanced consent methodology and a healthcare professional acting as a consultee, to facilitate research assessments in a patient who was lacking capacity at the end of life.
Enhancement of EPC migration by high-dose lisinopril is superior compared to captopril and ramipril
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Ahmad Hanang Anugrawan , Al Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Gandi Parama , Givani Caesar Lagaliggo , Lumeno Indah Sari Purna , Azmi Yusuf 
Published: January 2021

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to promote endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. However, the efficacies of different ACE inhibitors in improving the migratory capabilities of ECPs in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients is unclear. This study compared the effectiveness of captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril toward the migration capability of impaired EPCs from CAD patients. Methods: We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), separated EPCs from PBMCs, and divided them into an untreated group (control) and treated groups of captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril at doses of 1mM, 10mM, and 100mM. EPC migration was evaluated using the Boyden chamber assay. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS 25.0. Results: This study showed that treatment with captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril starting at the lowest dose (1 mM) increased EPC migration (65,250 ± 6,750 cells; 60,750± 5,030 cells; and 49,500 ± 8,400 cells, respectively) compared to control (43,714 ± 7,216 cells). Increased migration of EPCs was observed by increasing the treatment dose to 10 mM with captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril (90,000 ± 16,837 cells; 79,071 ± 2,043 cells; and 64,285 ± 11,824 cells, respectively). The highest EPC migration was shown for lisinopril 100 mM (150,750 ± 16,380 cells), compared to captopril and ramipril at the same dose (105,750 ± 8112 cells and 86,625 ± 5,845 cells, respectively). Conclusions: Captopril, ramipril, and lisinopril were shown to increase EPC migration in a dose-dependent manner. Low-dose (1 mM) and medium-dose (10 mM) captopril had a larger effect on ECP migration than lisinopril and ramipril. Meanwhile, high-dose lisinopril (100mM) had the highest migration effect, suggesting it may be preferable for promoting EPC migration in CAD patients.
Psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among frontline doctors of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Zaman Muhammed Shahriar , Omi Fardina Rahman , Faruque Mithila 
Published: January 2021

Background: Frontline doctors are the most vulnerable and high-risk population to get the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and fear of COVID-19 among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the pandemic, and the associated factors for these psychological symptoms. Methods: In total, 370 frontline doctors who were involved in the treatment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients during the pandemic took part in an online cross-sectional study. Recruitment was completed using convenience sampling and the data were collected after the start of community transmission of COVID-19 in the country. Anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance, and fear of COVID-19 were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, two-item version of the Sleep Condition Indicator, and the Fear of Coronavirus-19 scale, respectively. Socio-demographic information, health service-related information, co-morbidity, and smoking history were collected for evaluating risk factors. The proportion of psychological symptoms were presented using descriptive statistics and the associated factors were identified using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the doctors, 36.5% had anxiety, 38.4% had depression, 18.6% had insomnia, and 31.9% had fear of COVID-19. In multinomial logistic regression, inadequate resources in the workplace were found as the single most significant predictor for all psychological outcomes: anxiety and/or depression (severe, OR 3.0, p=0.01; moderate, OR 5.3, p=0.000; mild, OR 2.3, p=0.003), sleep disturbance (moderate, OR 1.9, p=0.02), and fear of COVID-19 (severe, OR 1.9, p=0.03; moderate, OR 1.8, p=0.03). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high burden of psychological symptoms among frontline doctors of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Inadequate resources are contributing to the poor mental health of Bangladeshi doctors. The supply of sufficient resources in workplaces and mental health counseling may help to mitigate the burden of the psychological symptoms identified among the respondents..
Development of a Lebanese food exchange system based on frequently consumed Eastern Mediterranean traditional dishes and Arabic sweets
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Zoghbi Edwina , Rady Alissar , Shankiti Iman , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub 
Published: January 2021

Background: The important role of Mediterranean diet was elucidated in various clinical and epidemiological studies underlying its impact on reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to convert the recipes of the Lebanese traditional dishes into meal planning exchange lists whose items are expressed in grams and adjusted to Lebanese household measures (cups and spoons) that could be used by healthcare professionals. Methodology: Thirty traditional Lebanese dishes were collected in which the carbohydrate, fat and protein were analyzed using Association of Official Analytical Chemists procedures then followed by a calculation of exchange lists of foods per serving using Wheeler method. Results: The variations in macronutrients and fiber content were found among the Lebanese dishes. Carbohydrate was lowest (1.1g/100g) and protein was highest (29.7g/100g) in Shawarma Dajaj whereas fat content ranged between 0.5 and 22.4 g/100 g in the dishes. For each dish and according to each serving size, carbohydrate, milk (whole milk, reduced fat or skim), fat and protein (lean meat, medium fat meat and high fat meat) exchanges were calculated. Conclusion: This study provides healthcare professionals, dietitians and consumers the chance to proficiently plan traditional-type dishes, ensuring prominent dietetic and medical nutritional therapy practices and patient's self-control.
Standard versus double dose dolutegravir in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a phase 2 non-comparative randomised controlled (RADIANT-TB) trial
Authors: Griesel Rulan , Hill Andrew , Meintjes Graeme , Maartens Gary 
Published: January 2021

Dolutegravir, a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI), is replacing efavirenz as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low middle-income countries (LMICs). Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of HIV-related morbidity and mortality in LMICs. Rifampicin is a key agent in the treatment of tuberculosis but induces genes involved in dolutegravir metabolism and efflux. The resulting drug-drug interaction (DDI) reduces the exposure of dolutegravir. However, this can be overcome by supplying a supplemental dose of 50 mg dolutegravir 12 hours after the standard daily dose, which is difficult to implement in LMICs. Four lines of evidence suggest that the supplemental dose may not be necessary: 1) a phase 2 study showed 10 mg of dolutegravir as effective as 50 mg; 2) the prolonged dissociative half-life of dolutegravir after binding to its receptor; 3) a DDI study reported dolutegravir trough concentrations were maintained above its minimum effective concentration when using 50 mg dolutegravir with rifampicin; and 4) virologic outcomes were similar between standard and double dose of raltegravir (a first-generation InSTI) in participants with HIV-associated tuberculosis treated with rifampicin. We hypothesise that virologic outcomes with standard dose dolutegravir-based ART will be acceptable in patients on rifampicin-based antituberculosis therapy. Here we outline the protocol for a phase 2, non-comparative, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of standard versus double dose dolutegravir among adults living with HIV (ART naïve or first-line interrupted) on rifampicin-based antituberculosis therapy. A total of 108 participants will be enrolled from Khayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa. Follow up will occur over 48 weeks. The primary objective is to assess proportion virological suppression at 24 weeks between groups analysed by modified intention to treat. Participant safety and the emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations among those with virologic failure will be assessed throughout. Trial registrations: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03851588 (22/02/2019), SANCTR DOH-27-072020-8159 (03/07/2020).
Management pathways for erectile dysfunction in primary care
Authors: Steggall Martin , Mohammed Imran , Jones Keryn , Shanahan Anthony , Ellul Thomas , Bullock Nicholas , Brown Gareth 
Published: January 2021

Erectile dysfunction is a common problem in primary care. Martin Steggall and colleagues discuss what needs to be assessed and the treatment options available Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability of a man to get and maintain an erection that is sufficient for sexual intercourse, and is a common problem. ED commonly has a profound negative impact on quality of life in the patient and his partner, which can result in changes to sexual self-confidence. This article outlines strategies for identifying and managing ED in primary care, outlining what needs to be assessed and the various treatment options available to manage the condition.
Understanding safety-netting in remote consulting
Authors: Silverston Paul 
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way health care is delivered. Paul Silverston explains the importance of providing appropriate safety-netting advice in remote consultations In primary care, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid switch from face-to-face to remote consulting, which presented few opportunities for nurses who were unfamiliar with remote consulting to undergo any training in this skill. The clinical assessment and clinical decision-making skills required in remote consulting are different from those in face-to-face consulting and there is also a higher risk of diagnostic and decision-making errors in remote consulting than in face-to-face consulting. Safety-netting is an essential part of safe practice in primary care to reduce the risk of serious harm to patients from these errors. This article discusses the principles and practices of safety-netting in remote consulting.
Learning complex texture discrimination
Authors: Maddess T. , Coy D. , Herrington J. C. , Carle C. F. , Sabeti F. , Barbosa M. S. 
Published: January 2021

Higher-order spatial correlations contribute strongly to visual structure and salience, and are common in the natural environment. One method for studying this structure has been through the use of highly controlled texture patterns whose obvious structure is defined entirely by third- and higher-order correlations. Here we examine the effects that longer-term training has on discrimination of 17 such texture types. Training took place in 14 sessions over 42 days. Discrimination performance increased at different rates for different textures. The time required to complete a visit reduced by 25.4% (

p
=

0.0004

). Factor analysis was applied to data from the learning and experienced phases of the experiment. This indicated that the gain in speed was accompanied by an increase in the number of mechanisms contributing to discrimination. Learning was not affected by sleep quality but was affected by extreme tiredness (

p
<

0.01

). The improved discrimination and speed were retained for 2.5 months. Overall, the effects were consistent with perceptual learning. The observed learning is likely related to the adaptation of innate mechanisms that underlie our ability to identify nonredundant, visually salient structure in natural images. It may involve cortical V2 and appears to involve increased strength, speed, and breadth of connections within our internal representation of this complex perceptual space.
Phase fluctuation cancellation for coherent-detection BOTDA fiber sensors based on optical subcarrier multiplexing
Authors: Li Zonglei , Zhou Yin , Jiang Biqiang , Gan Xuetao , Yan Lianshan , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2021

The employment of coherent detection in a Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) fiber sensor brings benefits, including signal-to-noise ratio enhancement, non-local effect reduction, and sensing speed improvement. Recently, it was found that the performance of a coherent-detection BOTDA fiber sensor suffers from phase fluctuations introduced by the fiber group delay jitter. Here, we propose a phase fluctuation cancellation approach based on optical subcarrier multiplexing. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the phase stability for in-phase/quadrature demodulation reaches a standard deviation value of as small as 0.4 mrad. The variations in the Brillouin gain and phase spectra caused by the phase fluctuation are then effectively alleviated, resulting in an enhancement of the Brillouin frequency shift measurement certainty along the whole sensing fiber.
Notes on Potentilla (Rosaceae) of Altai. 7. New findings in the flora of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kechaykin Aleksey A. , Bolbotov Gleb A. , Zaykov Vladimir F. , Shmakov Alexander I. 
Published: January 2021

The article presents a new data on distribution of 12 taxa of Potentilla L.in Kazakhstan. The plants were gathered on the territory of the East Kazakhstan Region (EKR) within the Altai Mountain Country (AMC). P. radiata Lehm. from the Kalbinsky ridge and P. rhipidophylla Soják from the Ukok Plateau proved to be the new species for Kazakhstan. P. radiata is mentioned for the first time for the AMC flora. The new locations are indicated for the other 10 species previously known in the flora of the EKR. One of them, P. asiatica (Th. Wolf) Juz., is mentioned for the first time for Rudny Altai and the Ukok Plateau. For the first time P. × angarensis Popov, P. pensylvanica L. and P. thuringiaca Bernh. ex Link. are mentioned for the Kalbinsky ridge and P. gelida C. A. Meyer subsp. boreoasiatica Jurtzev et Kamelin – for the Ivanosky ridge. P. agrimonioides M. Bieb. and P. tergemina Soják are new species for the Tarbagatay ridge of Katon-Karagay region, both are also mentioned for the first time for the flora of the Katon-Karagay State National Nature Park (KKSNNP). The article presents a key developed to identify P. radiata and related species of the territory of the EKR. In addition to Potentilla species, a new location of Farinopsis salesoviana (Steph.) Chrtek et Soják (Potentilla salessowii), a rare shrub for the flora of EKR, is mentioned. The labels of the studied samples are fully quoted; comments are given to all discussed species. The samples of the presented taxa are kept in the herbarium fund of the KKGNPP, duplicate materials have been deposited in the Herbarium of Altai State University (ALTB; Russia, Barnaul).