bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics and mass transfer investigations in a biphasic plasma reactor
Authors: Ferhat Mohammed Fouad , Ghezzar Mouffok Redouane , Addou Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the radical mechanism responsible for the degradation of a highly soluble pollutant in water. The AG25 dye was chosen as substrate and the GAD-Spray as biphasic reactor to treat it remotely. The study is conducted through experiments and simulations using Comsol Multiphysics-chemical engineering module. The Hydrodynamics coupled with the plasma-reaction has demonstrated that a low mass transfer in the droplet favorites the removal of the pollutant. It indicates that the plasma-reactions take place at the stagnant liquid film are far from the bulk of the droplet. Numerical modeling fitted by the conversion rate of the reagent has shown that the peroxynitrous acid HOONO (PON) is responsible for the degradation of AG25 in water. Consequently, and according different kinetic mechanisms, a radical mechanism has been predicted based on this deduction. The removal and the degradation rates were of 88 and 83% respectively during 90 min after the plasma exposure. The results of simulations showed a significant agreement between the calculated and the real removal rate of AG25. Through this study, it can be confirmed that GAD-spray-tower plasma reactor is efficient to eliminate and degrade remotely a very soluble pollutant through the HOONO (PON) plasma long-lived species.
Effects of ultrasound extraction on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of rice bran protein
Authors: Sun Li-Hui , Yu Feng , Wang Yu-Ying , Lv Shi-Wen , He Lei-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, rice bran protein was prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction, and its physicochemical and emulsifying properties were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that a significant increase in protein yield was observed when ultrasound-assisted method was employed for extracting protein. Noticeably, obtained rice bran protein possessed excellent physicochemical properties, such as oil absorption capacity, protein solubility and foaming property. More hydrophobic groups were exposed in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction, which led to the increase of surface hydrophobicity. More importantly, the ultrasound-assisted extraction could improve emulsifying properties of rice bran protein, and the emulsions prepared using protein samples exhibited the great stability. Besides, it was also found that emulsifying properties of protein samples presented a decrease trend with increasing ultrasound power and time. All in all, ultrasound-assisted extraction is a suitable alternative process for preparing rice bran protein.
An accurate and novel numerical simulation with convergence analysis for nonlinear partial differential equations of Burgers–Fisher type arising in applied sciences
Authors: Kürkçü Ömür Kıvanç , Sezer Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the second-order nonlinear partial differential equations of Burgers–Fisher type are considered under a unique formulation by introducing a novel highly accurate numerical method based on the Nörlund rational polynomial and matrix-collocation computational system. The method aims to obtain a sustainable approach since it contains the rational structure of the Nörlund polynomial. A unique computer program module, which involves very few routines, is constructed to discuss the precision and efficiency of the method and these few steps are described via an algorithm. A residual function is employed in both the error and convergence analyses with mean value theorem for double integrals. The considered equations in the numerical tests stand for model phenomena arising widely in applied sciences. Graphical and numerical comparisons provide a clear observation about the consistency of the method. All results prove that the method is highly accurate, eligible, and provides the ultimate operation for aforementioned problems.
Simulation and analysis of ultra-low material loss of single-mode photonic crystal fiber in terahertz (THz) spectrum for communication applications
Authors: Hossain Md. Selim , Hasan Md. Mahedi , Sen Shuvo , Mollah Md. Sarwar Hossain , Azad Mir Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This analysis represents a circular shape based cladding with two elliptical shape cores in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the terahertz (THz) range. Here, we present a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (SM-PCF) with five layers of circular shape of air holes (CAH) structure along with two layers of elliptical shape of air holes (EAH) core configuration in the center to decrease the different types of losses. For broad-band communications, our proposed SM-PCF is highly useful due to the obtaining of ultra-low effective material loss (UML) in the terahertz regime. Perfectly matched layers (PMLs) and finite element method (FEM) established on COMSOL Multiphysics software has been used to design this PCF fiber. Simulated outcomes show a particularly an UML deficit of 0.014 cm−1, power fraction in the core area (CA) and large effective area (EA) of 72%, and 5.90 × 10−8 m2 respectively at 1 terahertz (THz) frequency. Also, other aspects of optical fiber for THz signal banquet with confinement loss (CL), scattering loss (SL) and V-parameter have been calculated here. Moreover, our proposed SM-PCF shows single-mode propagation by V-parameter pointer over 0.80–3 THz frequency. So, we can say that our designed PCF fiber will be suitable for various effective communication areas at the terahertz (THz) spectrum.
Usefulness of Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulation Tests and IGF-1 Concentration Measurement in GH Deficiency Diagnosis
Authors: Obara-Moszynska Monika , Kctdzia Andrzej , Korman Eugeniusz , Niedziela Marek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) is still problematic for the clinician. There is no gold standard for estimating GH secretion. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic usefulness of spontaneous GH secretion test, pharmacological tests with insulin, clonidine, L-dopa, and glucagon, and IGF-1 measurement in GHD. We studied 180 prepubertal, short children. Predictive values were calculated for different GH cutoff levels for each diagnostic test. ROC curves were used to estimate the diagnostic usefulness of the tests. The results show that sleep is the strongest stimulatory agent for GH secretion. The estimation of GH secretion after onset of sleep can be used as a screening test in GHD diagnosis. The insulin test has the highest discrimination. A combination of insulin test with another provocative test allows high discrimination and accuracy for standard cut-off GH level. Measurement of IGF -I is characterized by low predictive values. IGF-1 level below the mean according to age indicates high probability of GHD. Auxological parameters should be the most important factor in diagnosing GHD.
Hyperglycemia and Hypoinsulinemia in Patients with Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome
Authors: Taha Doris , Al-Harbi Naffaa , Al-Sabban Essam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the combination of hepatorenal glycogen accumulation and Fanconi-type nephropathy. Mutations in GLUT2, the gene for facilitative glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2), cause FBS. Aim: To evaluate glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose load in patients with FBS. Methods: Ten children (7.3 ± 4.8 years) diagnosed with FBS in early infancy underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); plasma glucose (PG) and serum insulin concentrations were measured at 30-min intervals for 2 hours. HbAtc, insulin-like growth factor-1, and fasting lipid profiles were also measured. Results: Mean fasting and 2-h PG concentrations were 3.8 ± 0.9 mmoVI and 8.6 ± 3.0 mmol/1, respectively. 2-hour PG levels were above 11.1 mmolll in two patients (20%) and between 7.75 and 11.1 mmoVI in four patients (40%). HbAtc was normal in all the patients with a mean of 5.4 ± 0.3%. Mean fasting and peak serum insulin levels were 8. 7 ± 0.8 pmol/1 and 98.6 ± 43.0 pmoVI, respectively, and did not differ between / the patients with normal and abnormal OGTT. , Patients with abnormal OGTT were younger ( 4.8 ± 3.2 vs 11.0 ± 4.8 yr; p = 0.04). Fasting PG increased with age (r = 0.80, p <0.01). Total and LDL cholesterol as well as triglyceride concentrations were elevated. Conclusions: Most but not all patients with FBS have impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes range hyperglycemia after OGTT while maintaining normal HbAtc· Patients with FBS are relatively hypoinsulinemic. Both fasting hypoglycemia and post-OGTT hyperglycemia seem to improve with age.
Sinitic as a typological sandwich: revisiting the notions of Altaicization and Taicization
Authors: Szeto Pui Yiu , Yurayong Chingduang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDecades of works dedicated to the description of (previously) lesser-known Sinitic languages have effectively dispelled the common myth that these languages share a single “universal Chinese grammar”. Yet, the underlying cause of their grammatical variation is still a matter for debate. This paper focuses on typological variation across Sinitic varieties. Through comparing the typological profiles of various Sinitic languages with those of their Altaic and Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) neighbors, we discuss to what extent the variation within the Sinitic branch can be attributed to areal diffusion. Taking into account over 360 language varieties of seven different genetic affiliations (Sinitic, Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, Austroasiatic) and 30 linguistic features, we conduct a typological survey with the aid of the phylogenetic program NeighborNet. Our results suggest that convergence towards their non-Sinitic neighbors has likely played a pivotal role in the typological diversity of Sinitic languages. Based primarily on their degree of Altaic/MSEA influence, the Sinitic varieties in our database are classified into four areal groups, namely 1) Northern, 2) Transitional, 3) Central Southeastern, 4) Far Southern. This classification scheme reflects the intricate interplay between areal convergence, regional innovations, and retention of archaic features.
A computational construction grammar approach to semantic frame extraction
Authors: Beuls Katrien , Van Eecke Paul , Cangalovic Vanja Sophie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel methodology for extracting semantic frames from text corpora. Building on recent advances in computational construction grammar, the method captures expert knowledge of how semantic frames can be expressed in the form of conventionalised form-meaning pairings, called constructions. By combining these constructions in a semantic parsing process, the frame-semantic structure of a sentence is retrieved through the intermediary of its morpho-syntactic structure. The main advantage of this approach is that state-of-the-art results are achieved, without the need for annotated training data. We demonstrate the method in a case study where causation frames are extracted from English newspaper articles, and compare it to a commonly used approach based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). The computational construction grammar approach yields a word-level F1 score of 78.5%, outperforming the CRF approach by 4.5 percentage points.
Effect of seasonality and microclimate on the variation in bat-fly load (Diptera: Streblidae) in a cave bat assemblage in a dry forest
Authors: Tlapaya-Romero Liliana , Santos-Moreno Antonio , Ibáñez-Bernal Sergio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seasonality causes fluctuations in the availability of resources, affecting the presence and abundance of animal species. These fluctuations can have an impact on parasite-host relationships, which in turn can be exacerbated by microclimatic changes to which bat-flies are exposed. We characterized the bat-fly load and evaluated the effect of seasonality on five bat species in a dry forest. We evaluated variations in microclimatic conditions inside the cave Cerro Huatulco between seasons and the response of the bat-fly load. We collected 1165 bat-fly specimens belonging to 16 species from 688 bats. The obtained results indicate that the mean abundance and infestation intensity exhibited changes between seasons in Artibeus jamaicensis, Desmodus rotundus, Glossophaga soricina, and Pteronotus parnellii. In the case of the effect of microclimate conditions, we observed that prevalence is negatively correlated with temperature in G. soricina, while mean abundance and mean infestation intensity were negatively related to temperature in A. jamaicensis and G. soricina. The present study provides significant information about host-parasite relationships in a dry forest and discusses the relevance of abiotic and biotic factors that could affect host-parasite interactions, as well as the importance of each parasite load parameter for the understanding of this interaction.
Fertility problems in males carrying an inversion of chromosome 10
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Shi Qingyang , Liu Yanhong , Jiang Yuting , Yang Xiao , Liu Ruizhi , Zhang Hongguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChromosomal inversion is closely related to male infertility. Inversion carriers may produce abnormal gametes, which may lead to partial duplication/deletion of the embryonic chromosome and result in spontaneous abortion, a fetus with multiple anomalies, or birth of a malformed child. Genetic counselling remains challenging for these carriers in clinical practice. We report two male carriers with inversion of chromosome 10 and review 26 reported cases. In the first case, 46,XX,inv(10)(p13q22) of the fetal chromosome was found in prenatal diagnosis; this was inherited from the paternal side with 46XY,inv(10)(p13q22). Another case was a male carrier with inv(10)(q21.2q22.1). There have been 25 (89.3%) cases of pericentric inversion and three (10.7%) cases of paracentric inversion involving chromosome 10. Of 28 cases, nine were associated with pregestational infertility of the couples, while the other 19 cases were associated with gestational infertility of the couples or normozoospermia. The breakpoints at 10p15, 10p11, 10q11, and 10q21 were associated with pregestational infertility of the couples. The breakpoints at 10p15, 10p14, 10p13, 10p12, 10p11, 10q11, 10q21, 10q22, 10q23, 10q24, 10q25, and 10q26 were related to gestational infertility of the couples or normozoospermia. Although there is a high risk of infertility or recurrent miscarriages, carriers with inversion of chromosome 10 might produce healthy offspring. Natural pregnancy can be used as a choice for inversion carriers with recurrent spontaneous abortion.
The unembeddability of imperatives in Korean: Two different types of imperative morphology
Authors: Yim Changguk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents additional data in support of the fact that imperatives cannot be embedded in Korean. It demonstrates that the language employs two different types of imperative morphology: one that occurs in main clauses and the other that occurs in embedded environments, and that their occurrence is mutually exclusive. That being the case, the main imperative morphology is a bona fide illocutionary force marker that is syntactically encoded in the main clauses only, whereas the embedded imperative morphology simply serves as a clause-type indicator with no illocutionary force.
Failure Analysis of Stainless Steel Sheets of Heat Shield Assembly of a Vacuum Degassing Furnace
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Kumar A. , Ganesh P. , Kaul R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A twenty-five-year-old vacuum furnace is being used for degassing of ultra-high vacuum components. The heat shield assembly of the furnace comprised of one molybdenum (Mo) front sheet, followed by four 304 stainless steel (SS) sheets. During prolonged service of the furnace, SS sheets developed thick black oxide scale. As a part of refurbishment drive, the SS sheets were subjected to chemical cleaning in 20 % HNO3 + 1.5 % HF, which caused severe thinning along the edges of some sheets. Detailed analysis of a damaged SS sheet showed that the damage was caused by severe sensitization of edge region which underwent extensive intergranular corrosion during chemical cleaning. Important remedial measures suggested to avoid similar failures included: (i) use of type 316L or stabilized grades of austenitic SS sheets, (ii) use of two Mo front sheets in place of one and (iii) use of mechanical cleaning in place of chemical cleaning.
Zwei neuentdeckte Predigten des Nestorios: Adversus haereticos de divina trinitate (CPG 5691) und In symbolum fidei. Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentar
Authors: Kinzig Wolfram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Greek codex in the Royal Library of Copenhagen contains two hitherto unknown homilies under the name of Basil of Seleucia (Against the Heretics on the Trinity and On the creed). In this article the editio princeps of both these texts is presented, accompanied by a German translation and a commentary. It is demonstrated that the sermons stem, in fact, from the pen of Nestorius and were probably delivered in 428/429. In addition, a careful examination of the creed included in the second sermon shows that it is closely related to the Creed of the Council of Constantinople (381) and was probably composed on the same occasion.
First-principles study on band gaps and transport properties of van der Waals WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure
Authors: Luo Yan , Tao Wang-Li , Hu Cui-E. , Cheng Yan , Ji Guang-Fu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transition metal disulfides (TMDCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years for their novel physical and chemical properties. Based on the first-principles calculations together with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory, we explored the electronic structures and transport properties of van der Waals WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure. WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure has distinctive hexagon structure and isotropic thermal transport properties. To prove the accuracy of band structure, both Perdew–Burke–Eruzerhof (PBE) and Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) have been used to calculate the band structures. We simulated the band structures under uniaxial and biaxial strains from −8% to +8% and found that all band gaps calculated by HSE06 are larger than results calculated by PBE. More importantly, it was found that when the biaxial strain reaches ±8%, it undergone semiconductor to metal and the dynamic stabilities of WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure have been predicted at the same time. We calculated the mobilities of electrons and holes and found that the mobility of holes is larger than that of electrons. The obtained lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure at room temperature (70.694 W/mK) is significantly higher than other transition metal tellurium and transition metal selenium, such as PdSe2 (2.91 W/mK) and PdTe2 (1.42 W/mK) monolayers. Our works further enrich studies on the strain dependence of electronic structures and predicted high LTC of WSe2/WTe2 heterostructure, which provide the theoretical basis for experiments in the future.
The Physical Parameters of Tactical Climbing and Performance Characteristics of Naval Special Warfare Operators
Authors: Wood Dallas E. , Swain David P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wood, DE and Swain, DP. The physical parameters of tactical climbing and performance characteristics of naval special warfare operators. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 949–954, 2021—Vertical elevation may be critical for advantage to Special Operation Forces and require strength, power, endurance, and technique. This study sought to (a) study differences in physical capacities of Naval Special Warfare lead climbers from nonlead climbers, (b) compare anthropometrics of lead climbers from nonlead climbers, and (c) catalogue the types and weights of the various climbing systems to assess total system weight to the lead climber's body mass. Climbing surveys were collected and retrospective physical capacity data from 15 SEa, Air and Land lead climbers (age: 31.2 ± 5.1 years; height: 181.4 ± 6.4 cm; mass: 89.4 ± 10.0 kg; body fat: 14.1 ± 3.7%) were compared against previously reported data of 305 nonlead climbers (age: 28.8 ± 5.2 years; height: 177.6 ± 12.0 cm; mass: 85.8 ± 9.7 kg; body fat: 17.3 ± 4.7%). Lead climbers had significantly less body fat percentage (p = 0.017). Lead climbers also performed significantly better on the pro-agility test (p = 0.017) and deadlift (p = 0.002). The total mass reported for the climbing equipment for each tactical scenario was up to 4.9 kg for urban climbing, up to 13.7 kg for alpine climbing, and up to 8.0 kg for maritime climbing. With a typical combat load of 21.4 kg, adding an alpine climbing load exceeds one-third of the lead climbers' own body mass. Strength and conditioning programming for this population should take into consideration the total system weight for testing and training purposes and should also consider climbing-specific strength testing and training to optimize climbing capability.
Maximal Oxygen Consumption Requirements in Professional North American Ice Hockey
Authors: Ferland Pierre-Marc , Marcotte-L'Heureux Viviane , Roy Philippe , Carey Vincent D. , Charron Jérémie , Lagrange Sébastien , Leone Mario , Comtois Alain Steve 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ferland, P-M, Marcotte-L'Heureux, V, Roy, P, Carey, V, Charron, J, Lagrange, S, Leone, M, and Comtois, AS. Maximal oxygen consumption requirements in professional North American ice hockey. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1586–1592, 2021—This study was designed to measure preseason on-ice relative V̇o
2max of professional ice-hockey players (n = 101 National Hockey League [NHL], 42 American Hockey League [AHL], 4 East Coast Hockey League [ECHL], and 15 Canadian Hockey League [CHL]) throughout 17 years and compare it between generations, league level, and position, and to verify if it was related to season and NHL career statistics. Relative V̇o
2max was measured on ice with a portable metabolic analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed, Rome) with full hockey equipment, except for the helmet with either the Skating Multistage Aerobic Test or the 30–15 intermittent ice test tests. Relative V̇o
2max results from both tests were compared between players of the same generation with an independent-samples T-test and were not significantly different. A one-way analysis of variance and post hoc pairwise tests were performed to detect significant differences between groups. Pearson correlations (two-tailed) were also performed between selected variables. All statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results show that there are no significant differences for relative V̇o
2max between generations (2001–2003 vs. 2006 vs. 2015–2017), league level (NHL vs. AHL vs. ECHL vs. CHL), and position (winger, center, and defense), other than the ECHL being lower. There are also no significant relationships between V̇o
2max values and hockey season and NHL career statistics. Thus, the results show that there is a minimal relative V̇o
2max requirement to play North American ice hockey at the elite level (55.9 ± 5.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 162). Future research should be directed toward comparing V̇o
2max of elite and amateur ice-hockey players to confirm the minimal relative V̇o
2max requirement to play North American ice hockey at the elite level.