bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When to depart from a stopover site? Time since arrival matters more than current weather conditions
Authors: Roques Sébastien , Henry Pierre-Yves , Guyot Gaétan , Bargain Bruno , Cam Emmanuelle , Pradel Roger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn the journey to wintering sites, most migratory birds alternate between flights and stopovers, where they rest and refuel. In contrast to the time-minimization strategy commonly assumed to drive the pre-breeding migration, birds are rather expected to follow an energy minimization during post-breeding migration. It is the cumulative duration of flights and stopovers that determines the total energy requirements and duration of the journey. Since migrating birds actually spend most of the time at stopovers sites, selection to minimize the amount of energy or time spent on migration is likely to operate on the effectiveness of stopover rest and refueling. Here, we address the relative contribution of factors acting on departure decisions from a stopover site during the post-breeding migration in a long-distance migratory songbird. When capture probability is low, it is impossible to measure fattening over the entire duration of the stopover. To get around this limitation, we use time since arrival (TSA) as a proxy for the progressive temporal change occurring in the internal state of an individual (i.e. rest, physiological recovery, and fuel loading) during the stopover. We develop a capture–recapture model to address the respective effects of estimated TSA and of weather conditions on departure probability. Using a 20-year dataset for Sedge Warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), we show that TSA served as a surrogate of the most important information that birds use when deciding to depart from a stopover site, while low humidity and rising atmospheric pressure only slightly increase daily departure probability. Hence, a bird would resume migration mainly according to the time it had to rest and refuel, and then fine-tuning departure decision according to weather conditions. The generality of these results needs to be assessed by applying this modeling framework to other migratory species and at sites or times with greater weather variability.
Descriptions of Hearing Aids Influence the Experience of Listening to Hearing Aids
Authors: Rakita Lori , Goy Huiwen , Singh Gurjit 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
Experiences can be strongly influenced by expectations. In hearing healthcare, previous studies have shown that descriptions of hearing aids or contextual factors during the hearing aid fitting process can change subjective and even objective outcomes with hearing aids via the placebo effect. Personality factors have also been shown to affect susceptibility to placebo effects. The purposes of the present study were to (a) investigate the effects of communicating narratives designed to foster positive, negative, or neutral expectations about hearing aids on short-term patient outcomes, and (b) to determine if the degree to which the narratives affected end-user outcomes could be predicted by personality factors.

Design:
Nineteen adults between the ages of 54 and 81 (mean age = 68.5, SD = 8.9) had 3 separate research appointments, each exposing them to a different narrative condition: positive, negative, or neutral. the appointment was designed to look and feel like a “traditional” hearing aid fitting appointment, during which the experimenter introduced (i.e., the narrative condition) and fit a pair of hearing aids, the participant was asked to provide their initial feedback about the hearing aids, and the participant performed speech-in-noise testing. Unbeknownst to the research participant, the hearing aids fitted at all three appointments were the same, and the only difference between the three appointments was the way the hearing aids were described to the participants.

Results:
The results of this study showed that communication of a positive narrative about hearing aids before a hearing aid fitting led to better speech-in-noise performance on the QuickSIN as compared with performance following the negative or neutral narrative conditions. Also, the positive narrative led to the perception that acclimatization to the hearing aids would occur faster than the negative or neutral narrative conditions. Notably, the effect of communication of a positive narrative was stronger for individuals who scored higher on agreeableness, and susceptibility to positive and negative messaging was stronger for individuals low in neuroticism.

Conclusions:
The study suggests that short-term evaluations of hearing aids can be strongly influenced by narratives as provided by the hearing healthcare provider at the time of a hearing aid fitting.
Thiamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Hydrocortisone As a Metabolic Resuscitation Cocktail in Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis*
Authors: Assouline Benjamin , Faivre Anna , Verissimo Thomas , Sangla Frédéric , Berchtold Lena , Giraud Raphaël , Bendjelid Karim , Sgardello Sebastian , Elia Nadia , Pugin Jérôme , de Seigneux Sophie , Legouis David 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Sepsis is a common condition in the ICU. Despite much research, its prognosis remains poor. In 2017, a retrospective before/after study reported promising results using a combination of thiamine, ascorbic acid, and hydrocortisone called “metabolic resuscitation cocktail” and several randomized controlled trials assessing its effectiveness were performed.

DESIGN:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in septic ICU patients to assess the effects of this combination therapy.

SETTING:
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases were searched from inception to March of 2021. Data were extracted independently by two authors. The main outcome was the change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score within 72 hours. Secondary outcomes included renal composite endpoints (acute kidney injury) Kidney Disease - Improving Global Outcome organization stage 3 or need for renal replacement therapy, vasopressor duration, and 28-day mortality.

SUBJECTS:
We included randomized controlled trials with patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock.

INTERVENTION:
The trials compared a combination of thiamine, ascorbic acid, and hydrocortisone to standard care or placebo in patients admitted to ICU with sepsis or septic shock.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We included eight randomized controlled trials (n = 1,335 patients). Within 72 hours, the median of mean improvement was –1.8 and –3.2 in the control and intervention groups, respectively (eight randomized controlled trials, n = 1,253 patients); weighted mean difference –0.82 (95% CI, –1.15 to –0.48). Data were homogeneous and the funnel plot did not suggest any publication bias. Duration of vasopressor requirement was significantly reduced in the intervention group (six randomized controlled trials). There was no evidence of a difference regarding the ICU mortality and the renal composite outcome (acute kidney injury KDIGO 3 or need for renal replacement therapy, seven randomized controlled trials).

CONCLUSIONS:
Metabolic resuscitation cocktail administrated in ICU septic patients improves change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score within 72 hours. However, this improvement is modest and its clinical relevance is questionable. The impact on renal failure and mortality remains unclear.
Modified Gundersen Flap Using Inferior Palpebral–Bulbar Conjunctiva
Authors: Mekonnen Bethlehem , Kossler Andrea L. , Lin Charles C. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to describe a modification to the traditional Gundersen flap technique that expands eligible eyes to include those with severe conjunctival scarring and to report results from a clinical case.

Methods:
A 68-year-old woman with a history of herpes simplex keratitis, multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties, lagophthalmos, persistent epithelial defect, and low visual potential in the left eye presented for the evaluation of a Gundersen flap. Severe superior bulbar conjunctival scarring precluded a traditional approach. A modified Gundersen flap technique using a contiguous flap of inferior palpebral–bulbar conjunctiva extending from the inferior tarsal border to the limbus was devised and performed.

Results:
The modified Gundersen flap technique successfully stabilized the ocular surface, obviating the need for a cosmetically disfiguring permanent tarsorrhaphy or an evisceration.

Conclusions:
This modified Gundersen flap technique expands the indications to eyes with severe conjunctival scarring and can be offered in eyes with previous trabeculectomies, glaucoma drainage implants, and scleral buckles, which were previously excluded from the globe-preserving option.
Deep Learning for Discrimination Between Fungal Keratitis and Bacterial Keratitis: DeepKeratitis
Authors: Ghosh Amit Kumar , Thammasudjarit Ratchainant , Jongkhajornpong Passara , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
Microbial keratitis is an urgent condition in ophthalmology that requires prompt treatment. This study aimed to apply deep learning algorithms for rapidly discriminating between fungal keratitis (FK) and bacterial keratitis (BK).

Methods:
A total of 2167 anterior segment images retrospectively acquired from 194 patients with 128 patients with BK (1388 images, 64.1%) and 66 patients with FK (779 images, 35.9%) were used to develop the model. The images were split into training, validation, and test sets. Three convolutional neural networks consisting of VGG19, ResNet50, and DenseNet121 were trained to classify images. Performance of each model was evaluated using precision (positive predictive value), sensitivity (recall), F1 score (test's accuracy), and area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC). Ensemble learning was then applied to improve classification performance.

Results:
The classification performance in F1 score (95% confident interval) of VGG19, DenseNet121, and RestNet50 was 0.78 (0.72–0.84), 0.71 (0.64–0.78), and 0.68 (0.61–0.75), respectively. VGG19 also demonstrated the highest AUPRC of 0.86 followed by RestNet50 (0.73) and DenseNet (0.60). The ensemble learning could improve performance with the sensitivity and F1 score of 0.77 (0.81–0.83) and 0.83 (0.77–0.89) with an AUPRC of 0.904.

Conclusions:
Convolutional neural network with ensemble learning showed the best performance in discriminating FK from BK compared with single architecture models. Our model can potentially be considered as an adjunctive tool for providing rapid provisional diagnosis in patients with microbial keratitis.
TearCare for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Adult Patients With Dry Eye Disease: A Masked Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gupta Preeya K. , Holland Edward J. , Hovanesian John , Loh Jennifer , Jackson Mitchell A. , Karpecki Paul M. , Dhamdhere Kavita 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a single TearCare procedure compared with a single LipiFlow procedure in treatment of the dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction.

Methods:
In a multicenter, masked, randomized controlled trial, 135 subjects received a single TearCare (TC) treatment (n = 67) or a single LipiFlow (LF) treatment (n = 68) at baseline and were followed up for 1 month posttreatment. Tear film breakup time, meibomian gland function, and corneal and conjunctival staining scores were assessed as dry eye signs at baseline, 2 weeks, and 1 month; dry eye symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye, and eye dryness questionnaires at baseline and 1 month.

Results:
At 1 month posttreatment, both groups demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.0001) in mean tear film breakup time and meibomian gland secretion score to 3.0 ± 4.4 and 11.2 ± 11.1 in the TC group and 2.6 ± 3.3 and 11.0 ± 10.4 in the LF group, respectively. The mean eye dryness, Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Disease Index scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) by 35.4 ± 34.1, 38.2 ± 31.0, and 27.9 ± 20.5 in the TC group and 34.9 ± 26.9, 38.0 ± 25.9, and 23.4 ± 17.7 in the LF group, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for any result between the groups. However, the TC group demonstrated numerically greater improvements consistently in all signs and symptoms. Device-related ocular adverse events were reported in 3 patients in the TC group (superficial punctate keratitis, chalazion, and blepharitis) and 4 patients in the LF group (blepharitis, 2 cases of foreign body sensation, and severe eye dryness).

Conclusions:
A single TearCare treatment significantly alleviates the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction and is equivalent in its safety and effectiveness profile to LipiFlow treatment as shown in this 1-month follow-up study.
Balancing Training Opportunities and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Mughal Maleeha , Sleiwah Aseel , Townley William 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Microvascular free tissue transfer is the criterion standard of reconstruction post–oncological resections of the head and neck region. We present a consultant's first 200 consecutive microvascular head and neck reconstructions in independent practice. A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all head and neck reconstructions performed in the first 3 years of practice was performed. These included 200 consecutive microvascular head and neck reconstructions performed by a single surgeon at a tertiary referral center. We review the results and complications in this series and discuss factors significant for successful outcomes in head and neck reconstruction. We also highlight that different parts of the surgery in the majority of cases were performed by a trainee under the supervision of the senior surgeon and thus discuss the need for training future plastic surgeons with an interest in head and neck reconstruction.
The Report on China-Spain Joint Clinical Testing for Rapid COVID-19 Risk Screening by Eye-region Manifestations
Authors: Fu Yanwei , Li Feng , Fustel Paula boned , Zhao Lei , Jia Lijie , Zheng Haojie , Sun Qiang , Rong Shisong , Tang Haicheng , Xue Xiangyang , Yang Li , Li Hong , Xie Jiao , Wang Wenxuan , Li Yuan , Wang Wei , Pei Yantao , Wang Jianmin , Wu Xiuqi , Zheng Yanhua , Tian Hongxia , Gu Mengwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe worldwide surge in coronavirus cases has led to the COVID-19 testing demand surge. Rapid, accurate, and cost-effective COVID-19 screening tests working at a population level are in imperative demand globally.MethodsBased on the eye symptoms of COVID-19, we developed and tested a COVID-19 rapid prescreening model using the eye-region images captured in China and Spain with cellphone cameras. The convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-based model was trained on these eye images to complete binary classification task of identifying the COVID-19 cases. The performance was measured using area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1. The application programming interface was open access.FindingsThe multicenter study included 2436 pictures corresponding to 657 subjects (155 COVID-19 infection, 23·6%) in development dataset (train and validation) and 2138 pictures corresponding to 478 subjects (64 COVID-19 infections, 13·4%) in test dataset. The image-level performance of COVID-19 prescreening model in the China-Spain multicenter study achieved an AUC of 0·913 (95% CI, 0·898-0·927), with a sensitivity of 0·695 (95% CI, 0·643-0·748), a specificity of 0·904 (95% CI, 0·891-0·919), an accuracy of 0·875(0·861-0·889), and a F1 of 0·611(0·568-0·655).InterpretationThe CNN-based model for COVID-19 rapid prescreening has reliable specificity and sensitivity. This system provides a low-cost, fully self-performed, non-invasive, real-time feedback solution for continuous surveillance and large-scale rapid prescreening for COVID-19.FundingThis project is supported by Aimomics (Shanghai) Intelligent
Large-scale seroepidemiologic surveillance of COVID-19 - Cross-sectional study in Hyogo prefecture of Japan in August, 2021
Authors: Ren Zhenxiao , Furukawa Koichi , Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Kurahashi Yukiya , Sutandhio Silvia , Tjan Lidya Handayani , Aoki Kaito , Hasegawa Natsumi , Arii Jun , Uto Kenichi , Matsui Keiji , Sato Itsuko , Saegusa Jun , Godai Nonoka , Takeshita Kohei , Yamamoto Masaki , Nagashima Tatsuya , Mori Yasuko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan is drastically changing in the 2ndyear, 2021, due to the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the roll-out of mass vaccination. In addition to PCR diagnosis, periodic seroepidemiologic surveillance is important to analyze the epidemic situation. In this study, we analyzed the rate of seropositivity for the SARS-CoV-2 N and S antigens in Hyogo prefecture, Japan in August 2021. Sera collected from people who received a health check-up in a clinic of the Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association were subjected to analysis of reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 N and S antigens by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. For a total 1,000 sera, the positive rates to N and S antigens were 2.1% and 38.7%, respectively. The infectious rate estimated by serological analysis based on the presence of the anti-N antibody was 2.5-fold higher than the value reported based on PCR-based analysis, and it increased five-fold compared to the rate determined by our previous seroepidemiologic study in October, 2020. The anti-S positive rate was almost consistent with the vaccination rate in this area. The observed high anti-S antibody level in the seropositive population may indicate that the mass vaccination in Japan is being performed smoothly at this time point, although the infectious rate has also increased.
Estimating the lagged effect of price discounting: a time-series study using transaction data of sugar sweetened beverages
Authors: Mamiya Hiroshi , Schmidt Alexandra M. , Moodie Erica E. M. , Buckeridge David L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrice discount is an unregulated obesogenic environmental risk factor for the purchasing of unhealthy food, including Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB). Sales of price discounted food items are known to increase during the period of discounting. However, the presence and extent of the lagged effect of discounting, a sustained level of sales after discounting ends, is previously unaccounted for. We investigated the presence of the lagged effect of discounting on the sales of five SSB categories, which are soda, fruits juice, sport and energy drink, sweetened coffee and tea, and sweetened drinkable yogurt.MethodsWe fitted a distributed lag model to weekly volume-standardized sales and percent discounting generated by a supermarket in Montreal, Canada between 2008 and 2013.ResultsWhile the sales of SSB increased during the period of discounting, there was no evidence of a prominent lagged effect of discounting in four of the five SSB; the exception was sports and energy drinks, where a posterior mean of 28,459 servings (95% credible interval: 2,661 to 67,253) of excess sales can be attributed to the lagged effect in the target store during the study period.ConclusionsOur results indicate that previous studies may have underestimated the effect of price discounting for some food categories.Key messagesWhat is already knownTemporary price discounting is an important component of obesogenic food environment, as it has been shown to increase the sales of discretionary food items during the period of discounting.Novelty of findingsEven after a period of price discounting has ended, the sales of sports and energy drinks remain at a higher level relative to the sales before discounting.Research and public health implicationsPrevious research focusing on the immediate effect (i.e., same time period) of price discounting may have systematically underestimated the impact of price discounting for some food categories.The findings and analytical method in this study promote improved validity of future food environment research targeting the impact of discounting and other types of food promotions on the sales of energy-dense and nutrition-poor food items.
A nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service to avert pediatric emergencies: An exploratory cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Flaherty Katelyn E. , Klarman Molly B. , Cajusma Youseline , Schon Justin , Exantus Lerby , Beau de Rochars Valery M , Baril Chantale , Becker Torben K. , Nelson Eric J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe sought to compare the costs of a nighttime pre-emergency pediatric telemedicine and medication delivery service (TMDS) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted to the costs of hospital emergency medicine (HEM) per DALY averted from a societal perspective.MethodsWe studied a nighttime pediatric TMDS and HEM in a semi-urban and rural region of Haiti. Costs of the 2 services were enumerated to represent the financial investments of both providers and patients. DALYs averted were calculated to represent the ‘years lives lost’ (YLL) and ‘years lost to disability’ (YLD) from diarrheal, respiratory, and skin (bacterial and scabies etiologies) disease among children from zero to 9 years old. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated and compared to the per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) of Haiti ($1,177). Cost-effectiveness was defined as an ICER less than 3 times the per-capita GDP of Haiti ($3,531). Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate how uncertainty of individual parameter estimates (utilization rates, costs, lost wages, discounting factor) affected the ICER.ResultsThe total costs of the nighttime TMDS and HEM to society were $285,931.72 per year and $89,335.41 per year, respectively. The DALYs averted by the TMDS and HEM were 199.76 and 22.37, respectively. Through sensitivity analyses, the ICER of the TMDS ranged from $791.43 to $1,593.35.ConclusionA nighttime pediatric TMDS is a cost-effective alternative to HEM for pre-emergency pediatric care in semi-urban and rural regions in Haiti, and possibly in similar lower-middle income countries.
Pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 serological reactivity in rural malaria-experienced Cambodians
Authors: Manning Jessica , Zaidi Irfan , Lon Chanthap , Rosas Luz Angela , Park Jae-Keun , Ponce Aiyana , Bohl Jennifer , Chea Sophana , Karkanitsa Maria , Sreng Sokunthea , Rekol Huy , Chour Char Meng , Esposito Dominic , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Memoli Matthew J. , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Duffy Patrick E. , Oliveira Fabiano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGreater Mekong inhabitants are exposed to pathogens, zoonotic and otherwise, that may influence SARS-CoV-2 seroreactivity. A pre-pandemic (2005 to 2011) serosurvey of from 528 malaria-experienced Cambodians demonstrated higher-than-expected (up to 13.8 %) positivity of non-neutralizing IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antigens. These findings have implications for interpreting large-scale serosurveys.Article Summary LineIn the pre-COVID19 pandemic years of 2005 to 2011, malaria experienced Cambodians from rural settings had higher-than-expected seroreactivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike and receptor binding domain proteins.