bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An arduino experiment for measuring the base amplification factor of NPN transistors
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Obaid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The hFE of a transistor, or commonly known as the hybrid parameter forward current gain, is one of the important factors that characterizes the working of a transistor in any circuit. So designing such an experiment with readily available materials would help STEM students gain more intuition about the working principle of transistors in general. In this experiment we had used an Arduino UNO microcontroller along with some resistors and by using Ohm’s law we were able to deduce a formula for the hFE (hybrid parameter current gain) of any npn transistor used in the circuit, just by measuring the voltages across the input and output resistors used along with the transistor in a common emitter configuration.
Investigation of the energy harvesting performance of a Lambda-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester using an analytical model validated experimentally
Authors: Qing Haitao , Jeong Sinwoo , Jeong Se Yeong , Sung Tae Hyun , Yoo Hong Hee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The principal objective of this paper is to show the efficient and reliable energy harvesting performance of a Lambda-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (LPEH). The equations of motion of the harvester were derived based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The accuracy of the analytical model was validated by the finite element method and experiment. Then, using the analytical model, the energy harvesting performance of the harvester was compared to that of a conventional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester. It was found that the LPEH generated much more power than the cantilever piezoelectric harvester when the same amount of substrate and piezoelectric materials were used. Additionally, the effects of the harvester shape angle and excitation direction of the proposed harvester on the energy harvesting performance were investigated. The results showed that the LPEH could produce reliable power even though the harvester shape angle and excitation direction varied. Owing to such reliable energy harvesting characteristics, the proposed harvester has the practical advantages of fitting within limited space and functioning under uncertain excitation direction conditions.
High-resolution x-ray spectra of carbon monoxide reveal ultrafast dynamics induced by long UV pulse
Authors: Liu Ji-Cai , Savchenko Viktoriia , Kimberg Victor , Gel’mukhanov Faris , Odelius Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In theoretical simulations of a UV + x-ray pump-probe (UVX-PP) setup, we show that frequency detuning of the pump UV pulse acts as a camera shutter by regulating the duration of the UVX-PP process. This two-photon absorption with long overlapping UV and x-ray pulses, allowing for high spectral resolution, thereby provides information about ultrafast dynamics of the nuclear wave packet without the requirement of ultrashort pulses and controlled delay times.
In a case study of carbon monoxide, the calculated UVX-PP spectra of the O1s
−12π
1 and C1s
−12π
1 core-excited states show different vibrational profiles. The interference of intermediate vibrational states reveals details of nuclear dynamics in the UVX-PP process related to a variable duration time controlled by the UV detuning. Both O1s
−12π
1 and C1s
−12π
1 pump-probe channels display a splitting of the spectral profile, which however is associated with different physical mechanisms. At the O1s
−12π
1 resonance, the observed dispersive and non-dispersive spectral bands intersect and result in destructive interference.
Distortion of the local density of states in a plasmonic cavity by a quantum emitter
Authors: Cuartero-González Alvaro , Manjavacas Alejandro , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate how the local density of states in a plasmonic cavity changes due to the presence of a distorting quantum emitter. To this end, we use first-order scattering theory involving electromagnetic Green’s function tensors for the bare cavity connecting the positions of the emitter that distorts the density of states and the one that probes it. The confined, quasistatic character of the plasmonic modes enables us to write the density of states as a Lorentzian sum. This way, we identify three different mechanisms behind the asymmetric spectral features emerging due to the emitter distortion: the modification of the plasmonic coupling to the probing emitter, the emergence of modal-like quadratic contributions and the absorption by the distorting emitter. We apply our theory to the study of two different systems (nanoparticle-on-mirror and asymmetric bow-tie-like geometries) to show the generality of our approach, whose validity is tested against numerical simulations. Finally, we provide an interpretation of our results in terms of a Hamiltonian model describing the distorted cavity.
Study of half metallic ferromagnetism, transport and mechanical properties of X0.9375Ti0.0625Te (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba) alloys: for spintronics application
Authors: Ismail Khawar , Albalawi Hind , Murtaza G , Al-Muhimeed Tahani I , AlObaid Abeer A , Mahmood Q 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are emerging materials for spitronic applications. Therefore, X0.9375Ti0.0625Te (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba) Alloys for electronic, magnetic, and transport properties while 25% doping of Ti for elastic properties have been elaborated. The band structures and density of states ensures the half metallic ferroamgneitsm (HMF) and 100% spin polarization has been ensured by Heisenberg classical model. The quantum ferromagnetism has been disccused in terms of double exchange mechanism, crystal field energy Ecry, and exchange energies

Δ

x

d

and

Δ

x

p
d

.

The negative pd exchange energy, and exchange constants guarantee the ferromagnetism is due to quantum exchange of electrons rather than clustering. The effect of electrical and thermal conductivities of electrons quantum, potential gradient effect and power factors are elaborated by BoltzTraP code. The elastic properties are elucidated by elastic constants C11, C12, C44, elastic moduli, Pugh’s (B/G), and Poisson’s (υ) ratios. Therefore, the studied alloys are taken as potential materials for spintronic.
On a new SEIRDEoIoepidemic model eventually initiated from outside with delayed re-susceptibility and vaccination and treatment feedback controls
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Ibeas Asier , Garrido Aitor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper studies a new extended SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious recovered) epidemic model which incorporates the contribution of infective contagions to the resident population from infective exposedEoand infectiousIooutsiders as well as eventual delayed re-susceptibility by partial loss of immunity. It is referred to as aSEIRDEoIosince the dead individuals caused by the disease are defined as a new subpopulation. The potential contribution of the disease propagation of non-resident external infected travellers is considered as well as a re-susceptibility which increases the susceptible numbers and a parallel loss of immunity caused by a potential delayed re-infection. The model is also studied under eventual vaccination and treatment controls each one of them including two additive terms including proportional feedback of the susceptible and infectious, respectively, as well as control actions being independent of the population numbers. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are characterized, as well as their dependence on the control gains, and their stability properties are also studied. It is found that they are unique and only one of the two is a global attractor depending on the model parameter values. Typically, the value of the basic reproduction number is crucial to characterize the stability or, alternatively, that of the coefficient transmission rate provided that the remaining parameters are prefixed. The controls are also useful to increase the admissible minimum threshold of the infection force compatible with the stability of the disease-free equilibrium point. Simulation results are given, some of them related to parameterizations of usefulness related to the recent COVID-19, while others to a varicella case study.
Long range interactions in cosmology: implications for neutrinos
Authors: Esteban Ivan , Salvado Jordi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cosmology is well suited to study the effects of long range
interactions due to the large densities in the early Universe. In
this article, we explore how the energy density and equation of
state of a fermion system diverge from the commonly assumed ideal
gas form under the presence of scalar long range interactions with a
range much smaller than cosmological scales. In this scenario,
“small”-scale physics can impact our largest-scale
observations. As a benchmark, we apply the formalism to
self-interacting neutrinos, performing an analysis to present and
future cosmological data. Our results show that the current
cosmological neutrino mass bound is fully avoided in the presence of
a long range interaction, opening the possibility for a
laboratory neutrino mass detection in the near future. We also
demonstrate an interesting complementarity between neutrino
laboratory experiments and the future EUCLID survey.
Reversible quantum state transfer in a three-mode optomechanical system
Authors: Zhang Chun-Ling , Chen Xiang , Liao Chang-Geng , Lin Xiu-Min 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Quantum state transfer between two nodes is a basic task of long-distance quantum communication. In this paper, we propose a general protocol to transfer quantum state between optical and microwave modes in a three-mode optomechanical system based on transitionless quantum driving. By choosing a well-designed path, the reversible transfer between optical and microwave modes can be achieved in the shorter time than adiabatic passage method. We further apply this idea for implementing the quantum state transfer between optical or microwave and mechanical modes. Numerical simulation results show that the protocol is robust against the cavity decay and mechanical damping. Therefore, this work provides a new method for quantum state transfer between two optical modes with distinct wavelengths in the optomechanical system, which may have great application prospect in quantum communication.
Hadron resonances as rovibrational states *
Authors: Bernardo Douglas L. , Bastos Cristiano C. , Pavão Antonio C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A rovibrational model, including anharmonic, centrifugal, and Coriolis corrections, is used to calculate π, K,N, and Ʃ orbital and radial resonances. The four orbital excitations of the π meson correspond to the b(1235), π2(1670), b
3(2030), and π4(2250) resonances. Its first four radial excitations correspond to the π(1300), π(1800), π(2070), and π(2360) resonances. The orbital excitations of the K meson are interpreted as the K
1(1270), K
2(1770), K
3(2320), and K
4(2500) resonances; its radial excitations correspond to the K(1460) and K(1830) resonances. The N orbital excitations are identified with the N(1520), N(1680), N(2190), N(2220), and N(2600) resonances. The first four radial excitations of the N family correspond to the N(1440), N(1880), N(2100), and N(2300) resonances. The orbital excitations of the Ʃ baryon are associated with the Ʃ(1670), Ʃ(1915), Ʃ(2100), and Ʃ(2250) resonances, whereas its radial excitations are identified with the Ʃ(1660), Ʃ(1770), and Ʃ(1880) resonances. The proposed rovibrational model calculations show a good agreement with the corresponding experimental values and allow for the prediction of hadron resonances, thereby proving to be useful for the interpretation of excited hadron spectra.
Feedforward modulation of gamma motor neuron activity can improve motor command accuracy
Authors: Dideriksen Jakob , Negro Francesco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. Coactivation of gamma and alpha motor neuron activity ensures that muscle spindle responsiveness is maintained during muscle contractions. However, some evidence suggests that the activity of gamma motor neurons is phase-advanced with respect to that of alpha motor neurons during manual control tasks. We hypothesized that this might be a deliberate control strategy to maximize movement accuracy. Approach. Using a computational model of the neural activation of a muscle and its type Ia sensory feedback to the motor neurons, we systematically investigated the impact of the phase difference between oscillatory descending input to alpha and dynamic gamma motor neurons. Specifically, the amplification of the alpha motor neuron drive to the muscle was investigated as a function of the frequency of the synaptic input (1–9 Hz individually or superimposed) and the alpha–gamma phase difference (0–2π). Main results. Simulation results showed that when the phase advance of the dynamic gamma drive resulted in delays between muscle velocity and type Ia afferent feedback similar to those previously observed experimentally, low-frequency components (1 and 2 Hz) of the motor neuron synaptic input were amplified (gain up to 1.7). On the other hand, synaptic input at higher frequencies was unaffected. Significance. This finding suggests that by imposing a phase advance of the input to dynamic gamma motor neurons, components of the neural drive usually associated with voluntary control are amplified. In this way, our study suggests that this neural strategy increases the control-to-neural-noise ratio of the motor output during movement.
On inclusive distance vertex irregularity strength of small identical copies of star graphs
Authors: Susanto F , Betistiyan C N , Halikin I , Wijaya K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor a simple graphG, an inclusive distance vertex irregulark-labeling ofGis a mapping λ :V (G)→ {1,2,…,k} such that all the vertex-weights are pairwise distinct, where the weight of a vertexv, denoted bywt(v), is the sum of labels of vertices in the close neighborhood of the vertexv. The minimumkfor which the graphGhas an inclusive distance vertex irregulark-labeling is called the inclusive distance vertex irregularity strength ofG,dis^(G). Here we introduce a new lower bound fordis^(G)and determine the exact value of the inclusive distance vertex irregularity strength for identical copies of star graphs, especially 2Snand 3Sn.
Edge even graceful labeling of some corona graphs
Authors: Jayantara D , Purwanto  , Irawati S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Elsonbaty and Daoud introduced a labeling of graph with p vertices and q edges called edge even graceful labeling i.e. a bijective function f of the edge set E(G) into the set {2,4,6, . . . , 2q} such that the induced function f*:V(G) → {0,2,4, . . ., 2k − 2}, defined as f*(x) = (∑
xy∈E(G)
f(xy)) mod(2k), is an injective function, where k = max(p, q). The corona G
1 ⨀ G
2 of graphs G
1 and G
2 is the graph obtained by taking one copy of G
1, which has p
1 vertices, and p
1 copies of G
2, and then joining the ith vertex of G
1 by an edge to every vertex in the ith copy of G2
. Some path and cycle-related graph which are edge even graceful has been studied by Elsonbaty and Daoud. This study we construct the corona graph of P
2 and Pn
and the corona of Sn
and K
1. In this paper, we prove that P
2 ⨀ Pn
, when n ≡ 0,4, or 6 mod(8), and (Sn
⨀ K
1) – v
0, when n is even and v
0 is a vertex of degree 1 joining to the center of the star Sn
, are admit edge even graceful labeling.
Compactness and completeness properties of M-metric spaces
Authors: Nisa’ A A , Hasanah D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An M-metric space is a generalization of a partial metric space. There have been some research investigating the relations between partial metric spaces and M-metric spaces. Theorems and properties prevailing in partial metric spaces are extended in M-metric spaces. In this paper, we study some compactness and completeness properties in M-metric spaces based on the similar properties in partial metric spaces. We also give completeness relation between M-metric spaces and partial metric spaces.
Projection pursuit regression and principal component regression on statistical downscaling using artificial neural network for rainfall prediction in Jember
Authors: Putri C D , Hadi A F , Anggraeni D , Riski A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rainfall forecasting is essential for Indonesia, which is an agricultural country. Forecasting to see the rainfall needed to anticipate the danger of drought that will harm farmers. However, due to the complexity of topography and the interactions between the oceans, land, and atmosphere in Indonesia, it is difficult to predict rainfall. Therefore, Statistical Downscaling (SD) is needed to provide accurate rainfall predictions by considering the information about global atmospheric circulation obtained from the General Circulation Model (GCM). Statistics Downscaling (SD) modeling is a basic regression model based on the functional relationship between local scales, which is the response variable with the Global Circulation Model (GCM) global scale as a predictor variable. The Statistics Downscaling (SD) method used is Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Projection Pursuit Regression (PPR). The prediction of both methods was conducted by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results showed that the prediction of rainfall in Jember using the PPR + ANN method (with the RMSE value of 79.58723) had better accuracy than the PPR, PCR, and PCR + ANN methods, which had RMSE values of 103.7539, 112.337 and 83.62029, respectively.
Comparing the Principal Regression Analysis Method with Ridge Regression Analysis in Overcoming Multicollinearity on Human Development Index (HDI) Data in Regency/City of East Java in 2018
Authors: Yoantika A F , Susiswo  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
East Java Province is one of the densely populated provinces. The population density in the province of East Java does not hamper the welfare of its people. The welfare of the people in the province of East Java can be seen through the Human Development Index (HDI), which includes elements of life expectancy, education, and economy. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Java, the HDI level from 2017 to 2018 has increased, but this data experiences a case of multicollinearity. Researchers compared the Principal Regression Analysis method with Ridge Regression Analysis in overcoming the multicollinearity. The conditions taken are methods that have a small MSE value and a large R
2 value. Based on the results and discussion, the Main Component Regression Analysis method has an MSE value of 2.51 and an R
2 value of 91.0%, the Ridge Regression Analysis Method has an MSE value of 0,00071 and an R
2 of 97.7%. The provisions obtained are the value of MSE Regression Ridge is smaller than the value of MSE Regression Main Components and the value of R
2 Regression Ridge is greater than the value of R
2 Main Components. So, the best method in overcoming the multicollinearity problem in the Regency / City Human Development Index (HDI) data in East Java in 2018 is the Ridge Regression Analysis method.
BYM CARBayes Model on data of unemployment in East Java and thus mapping using LISA analysis
Authors: Lestari T E , Aliyah R R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
East Java is the biggest province in Indonesia with 38 regions that contribute to much unemployment in Indonesia. This article aims to model unemployment in each region by taking any factor that significantly influences the number of unemployment using the BYM CARBayes model. The previous research about spatial modeling on unemployment data are using the SAR and SEM model, and the BYM CARBayes model is usually used for disease mapping. In this research, use the BYM CARBayes model on the data of unemployment in East Java. Furthermore, the fitted number of unemployment is used to map each region in East Java with LISA analysis. The mapping of each region is used to determine the region that has an outlier of unemployment with the number of spatial auto correlation is calculated using Moran’I analysis. The modeled data using the BYM CARBayes give the result that the total population and percentage of high school graduates affect the number of unemployment significantly and negatively. The number of the working-age population, GDP, and the minimum wages in each region are affecting the number of unemployment significantly and positively. The map of each region in East Java using the number of unemployment gives 3 regions with an outlier of unemployment. There are Sidoarjo regency, Gresik Regency, and Surabaya city.
Spline estimation method in nonparametric regression using truncated spline approach
Authors: Widyastuti D A , Fernandes A A R , Pramoedyo H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A parametric regression approach is used when the shape of the regression curve is known, and the nonparametric approach is used when the shape of the regression curve is unknown, the parametric regression model is still forced as a model of data patterns, it will cause inaccurate conclusions if the form of the function is not known. The truncated spline approach can be used to estimate curves in nonparametric regression models using a knot basis. The curve estimation method used is Weighted Least Square (WLS) for the truncated spline approach. In this study, the nonparametric regression model was implemented on fertilizer subsidy data in East Java. This study aims to examine comprehensively the factors that influence the satisfaction of the farming community. The response variable used in this study is the Courage of Field Extension Officers (Y), while the predictor variables include: Farmers National Culture (X1), Financial Reward for Field Extension Officers (X2), and Leadership Role (X3). The novelty of this research is trying to do regression modeling in which the whole relationship between the response variable and the predictor variable is non-linear. The results of the linearity assumption test show that all predictor variables show a non-linear relationship to the response variable, so it needs to be solved by nonparametric regression. The coefficient of determination shows that the variability of Courage of Field Extension Officers can be explained by 87,65% in the model, while the remaining 12,35% is explained by factors that are not included in the model.
Control strategy of HIV/AIDS model with different stages of infection of subpopulation
Authors: Habibah U , Trisilowati  , Tania T R , Alfaruq L U 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe formulated mathematical model of HIV/AIDS with two different stages of infection subpopulation with Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment as control strategy. We applied optimal control theory to minimize HIV-infected subpopulation using the Pontryagins-Minimum Principle. Numerical solution was conducted by solving the optimally system using the sweep backward and forward method. The results showed that by giving ARV in the model could decrease the infected subpopulation significantly.
About one of the mathematical models of viscous flow incompressible fluid above sandy bottom
Authors: Aripov M M , Rajabov J SH , Settiev SH R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research we propose a mathematical model for the flows of a viscous incompressible fluid along an inclined plane under the action of gravity over a sandy bottom. The analysis was carried out in the linear instability of the flow and reduced the problem to finding the eigenvalues. Investigated and analyzed the questions of wave formation on the free and bottom surfaces of the liquid. The regions of flow instability are determined for any Froude numbers. Obtained results were compared with experimental data and with the results of other authors on this topic.