bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HybridBOA‐GWO‐PSOalgorithm for mitigation of congestion by optimal reactive power management
Authors: Badi Manjulata , Mahapatra Sheila , Raj Saurav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe generation of power with load optimization, particularly in the current deregulated electricity market conditions, is a very important process for improved planning and operation of the grid. In addition, it is very important for the system not to experience problems due to congestion, have tensile stability, and protection to increase the share of electricity from renewable sources with the current supply system. This article presents load balancing with the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) in a hybridized form to minimize and maximize loads when used in pool and hybrid markets. The methods have been designed to prevent the drawbacks of BOA and generate a better trade‐off between exploration and exploitation abilities by hybridizing it with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gray wolf optimizer (GWO). Empirical research on other algorithms shows that proposed hybrid BOA‐GWO‐PSO algorithm performs better and shows potential in diverse problems. These studies give it a significant advantage over BOA in general, and when it is employed to solve complex optimization problems validated on benchmark IEEE 30 bus system. A comparative analysis has been conducted to validate the potency of the hybrid BOA‐GWO‐PSO approach with some conventional meta‐heuristic algorithms. Analysis of results by mathematical validation on 23 benchmark functions and application in congestion management by optimal reactive power management (RPM) reveal that the proposed technique has the potent to solve real world optimization problems and is competitive with recent methods reported in state‐of‐ art literature.
Recent advances in therapies utilizing superabsorbent hydrogel technology for weight management: A review
Authors: Aronne Louis J. , Anderson John E. , Sannino Alessandro , Chiquette Elaine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong‐term therapeutic benefit of treatments for weight management in patients with overweight (also termed preobesity) or obesity may be limited by variable safety, tolerability, and efficacy profiles, and patient adherence to treatment regimens. There is a medical need for nonsystemic treatments that promote weight loss in patients with overweight or early obesity. This report reviews four different approaches of utilizing superabsorbent hydrogel technology for weight management at varying stages of preclinical and clinical development. The first is a nonsystemic, oral superabsorbent hydrogel created from naturally derived building blocks used in foods (cellulose‐based), designed to mix homogenously with and change the properties of the ingested meal throughout the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and small intestine). This is the first‐in‐class to be cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to aid in weight‐management for adults with BMI of 25–40 kg/m2 in conjunction with diet and exercise. In contrast, the other three approaches in development utilize superabsorbent hydrogel technologies to support an intragastric balloon‐like structure, solely occupying space in the stomach and displacing the meal: (1) a pufferfish‐inspired device; (2) Epitomee, a pH‐sensitive self‐expanding hydrogel device; and (3) a light‐degradable hydrogel used to control balloon deflation. These new approaches that utilize superabsorbent hydrogel technology offer a wide range of clinical applicability and have the potential to broaden the weight management treatment landscape. Over time, increasing the number of patients treated with superabsorbent hydrogel technologies will provide important information on long‐term efficacy and safety.
Simulation of β‐dextranase from raw natural rubber to investigate structure and properties of natural rubber/halloysite composites
Authors: Xu Tiwen , Xin Yuanni , Wang Yueqiong , Liao Lusheng , Li Haifeng , Ban Jianfeng , Yang Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effects of crude β‐dextranase in raw natural rubber (NR) on the structure and properties of NR/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composites are investigated by introducing external biological β‐dextranase. Results of curing tests as well as mechanical and dynamic mechanical analyses show that the curing time of the composite increases with β‐dextranase concentration and then plateaus at 6 wt%, at which the maximum values of the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and crosslink density are achieved and the lowest hysteresis loss factor at 0–80°C is observed. Morphological investigations show that the addition of β‐dextranase improves the dispersion of HNTs and enhances interfacial adhesion in the composites owing to hydrogen bonds between β‐dextranase and HNTs, as revealed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. We envision the use of β‐dextranase in NR as a novel interfacial modifier in NR composites.
Validity of a model using routinely collected data for identifying infections following gastric, colon, and liver cancer surgeries
Authors: Yamana Hayato , Tsuchiya Asuka , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Morita Shigeki , Kuroki Tamotsu , Nakai Kunio , Nishimura Hideo , Jo Taisuke , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeValidating outcome measures is a prerequisite for using administrative databases for comparative effectiveness research. Although the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database is widely used in surgical studies, the outcome measure for postsurgical infection has not been validated. We developed a model to identify postsurgical infections using the routinely collected Diagnosis Procedure Combination data.MethodsWe retrospectively identified inpatients who underwent surgery for gastric, colon, or liver cancer between April 2016 and March 2018 at four hospitals. Chart reviews were conducted to identify postsurgical infections. We used bootstrap analysis with backwards variable elimination to select independent variables from routinely collected diagnosis and procedure data. Selected variables were used to create a score predicting the chart review‐identified infections, and the performance of the score was tested.ResultsAmong the 746 eligible patients, 96 patients (13%) had postoperative infections. Three variables were identified as predictors: diagnosis of infectious disease recorded as a complication arising after admission, addition of an intravenous antibiotic, and bacterial microscopy or culture. The prediction model had a C‐statistic of 0.885 and pseudo‐R2 of 0.358. A cut‐off of one point of the score showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 72%, and a cut‐off of two points showed a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 91%.ConclusionsOur model using routinely collected administrative data accurately identified postoperative infections. Further external validation would lead to the application of the model for research using administrative databases.
The role of reduced graphene oxide as a “2D flexible crosslinking point” in composite hydrogels
Authors: Xia Shuang , Feng Shi , Deng Zejiang , Liang Qiuyu , Xiang Xu , Xie Hongyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe composite hydrogels are widely used in various research directions. How to improve the mechanical properties is one of the concerns of researchers. In this work, the mechanical properties of composite hydrogels with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), kaolin (KL), montmorillonite (MMT), and attapulgite (APT) as additives were compared. The morphology of polyacrylamide (PAM) composite hydrogel was observed by electron microscope, and the hydrogen bonding between inorganic additives and PAM chain in the hydrated samples were detected by IR. The rheological data (G′, G", and tan δ) confirmed the beneficial effect of rGO as a two‐dimension (2D) material on the mechanical properties of hydrogels. In the tensile‐fracture experiments, the maximum tensile strain of PAM‐rGO was 568% and the maximum tensile force was 1.18 N, both of which were larger than that of the clay‐based composite hydrogel with the same mass concentration. Based on these experimental data, the response behavior of rGO in the process of hydrogel deformation was elucidated by the concept of “2D flexible crosslinking point,” and the reason why PAM‐rGO composite hydrogel had better mechanical strength was explained in detail.
Cathepsin B and thermal dual‐stimuli responsive linear‐dendritic block copolymer micelles for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Song Wenjie , Wei Junwu , Li Lindong , Qian Yangyang , Wang Yujia , Bi Yunmei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, two linear poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)s (PNVCLs) with different molecular weights were first synthesized as polymeric supporters by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and then were used to prepare cathepsin B and thermal dual‐stimuli responsive amphiphilic linear–dendritic block copolymers (LDBCs) PNVCLn‐b‐d(Phe‐Lys)1–3 (n = 66, 100) with linear PNVCL and dendritic phenylalanyl‐lysine (Phe‐Lys) dipeptides via stepwise peptide chemistry. The copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography and exhibited a controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution (polydispersity index ≤ 1.27). They self‐assemble into stable micelles at relatively low critical micelle concentrations (0.007–0.019 mg mL−1) in aqueous solution. These micelles are capable of dissociating to release the encapsulated anticancer drug doxorubicin upon cathepsin B treatment. The doxorubicin release rates from PNVCLn‐b‐d(Phe‐Lys)1–3 micelles decreased with increasing generation of Phe‐Lys dipeptide dendrons and decreasing molecular weight of PNVCL. In addition, the lower critical solution temperatures of the copolymers increased with an extension of the enzyme incubation time. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake experiments showed that LDBCs show no cytotoxicity even at a high LDBC concentration of 0.4 mg mL−1 and the drug‐loaded micelles can be enriched in tumor cells. Such smart copolymers could be efficiently used in targeted therapy systems. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A prostate cancer tissue specific spectral library for targeted proteomic analysis
Authors: Sun Rui , Lyu Mengge , Liang Shuang , Ge Weigang , Wang Yingrui , Ding Xuan , Zhang Cheng , Zhou Yan , Chen Shanjun , Chen Lirong , Guo Tiannan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common cancer in males worldwide. Mass spectrometry‐based targeted proteomics has demonstrated great potential in quantifying proteins from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) and (fresh) frozen biopsy tissues. Here we provide a comprehensive tissue‐specific spectral library for targeted proteomic analysis of prostate tissue samples. Benign and malignant FFPE prostate tissue samples were processed into peptide samples by pressure cycling technology (PCT)‐assisted sample preparation, and fractionated with high‐pH reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Based on data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) MS analysis using a TripleTOF 6600, we built a library containing 108,533 precursors, 84,198 peptides and 9384 unique proteins (1% FDR). The applicability of the library was demonstrated in prostate specimens.
Controlling thermomechanical behavior of semicrystalline hydrogenated polynorbornene through the cis‐ to trans‐cyclopentylene ratio
Authors: Klein Jared P. , Gdowski Zachary M. , Register Richard A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThough polynorbornene synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization has an intrinsically all‐cis configuration of the cyclopentylene backbone rings, a fraction of these rings can be epimerized to the trans configuration during hydrogenation over suitable catalysts. By varying the method of hydrogenation, semicrystalline hydrogenated polynorbornenes (hPNs) with trans levels between 0 and 36% were obtained. With increasing trans content, the glass transition temperature, melting point, and enthalpy of melting decrease modestly. By contrast, the temperature at which the hPN crystal transitions into a rotationally disordered polymorph varies strongly with trans content, ranging from 126 °C (all‐cis) to 71 °C at 27% trans; at trans contents of 34% and above, no rotationally‐ordered phase is observed at any temperature. The room‐temperature Young's modulus shows no dependence on trans content, while the yield stress drops by 20% at 1% trans content and slowly decreases further with additional epimerization. The temperature dependence of the Young's modulus differs for trans‐containing versus all‐cis polymers, while the temperature dependence of the yield stress is set by the polymorph type (rotationally ordered vs. disordered).
Synthesis of novel N‐(2‐phenyl‐3‐pyridyl) thiadiazole/isothiazole carboxamide analogs as potent plant elicitors
Authors: Yang Dongyan , Qi Xin , Kalinina Tatiana A , Glukhareva Tatiana V , Tang Liangfu , Li Zhengming , Fan Zhijin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant elicitors are a class of plant protection agents that can stimulate plant immunity against phytopathogen without a potential resistance problem. In searching for novel plant elicitor candidates, a series of novel N‐(2‐phenyl‐3‐pyridyl) thiadiazole/isothiazole carboxamide analogs were designed and synthesized.RESULTSIn vitro bioassay showed that all new compounds exhibited weak direct fungicidal activity. However, compounds 3b, 3g, 3n and 3o showed broad spectrum of in vivo activity against four plant fungi tested. In particularly, 3g showed 80% activity against Rhizoctonia solani in a glasshouse at a concentration of 1 μg mL–1. For induction activity of tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), compounds 3c and 3v showed 67% and 68% inhibitory activity, respectively, which were superior to the positive controls ribavirin and ningnanmycin. Compound 3g showed moderate induction activity (41%). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis found that, 3g could up‐regulate expression of genes that are related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), pathogenesis‐related protein (PRP) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that 3g as an elicitor candidate might act on the SA signalling pathway. According to our findings, N‐(2‐phenyl‐3‐pyridyl) thiadiazole/isothiazole carboxamide analogs might be promising lead scaffolds as a novel plant elicitor for further investigation.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of tadalafil to inform pediatric dose selection in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Rehmel Jessica , Ferguson‐Sells Lisa , Morse Bridget L. , Li Baohui , Dickinson Gemma L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, is being investigated as a treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children aged 6 months to less than 18 years. Tadalafil pharmacokinetic (PK) data in children less than 2 years old are unavailable, therefore a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to enable estimation of tadalafil doses in children less than 2 years old. The model was verified in adults and extended for use in children by modifying CYP3A‐mediated intrinsic clearance to include CYP3A7. To account for co‐dosing of the commonly prescribed moderate CYP3A4 inducer bosentan, predicted exposures were increased by a factor of 1.54 based on changes in exposure in adults with PAH. This factor was predictable using a bosentan PBPK model. The tadalafil model was verified in children aged greater than or equal to 2 years by comparing predicted and observed exposures. Tadalafil doses for children less than 2 years old were calculated as target area under the concentration curve from zero to 24 h (AUC0–24)/predicted AUC0–24, with target AUC0–24 of 10,000 ng*h/ml based on adult 40 mg single dose exposures determined in patients without bosentan background treatment. These doses were 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, and 6 mg, respectively, for children aged birth to less than 1 month, 1 month to less than 6 months, 6 months to less than 1 year, and 1 to less than 2 years. Due to uncertainties in CYP maturation, a nonmechanistic steady‐state volume scalar, and lack of PK data in children less than 2 years old, accumulation of tadalafil to steady‐state in children less than 2 years was not verifiable. Safety of proposed doses is supported by postmarketing research and investigator‐led trials.
Anharmonicity in compliance formalism: Potential constants and interaction coordinates
Authors: Manogaran Dhivya , Manogaran Sadasivam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt the harmonic level, compliance constants are the inverse force constant matrix elements. In the present work, conversion of anharmonic force constants to compliance constants has been revisited and several new variants of the existing equations have been suggested. The reverse conversion of anharmonic compliance constants to force constants is addressed. The change in the internal coordinate (Ri) for constrained optimization is written as a monotonic polynomial function of the change in another chosen constrained internal coordinate (Rk) and the expansion coefficients extracted “directly” are the interaction coordinates (ICs). New expressions for computing the cubic and quartic anharmonic ICs using compliance constants are presented and the obtained numerical values are compared with the ICs extracted by the “direct” method. The work also highlights an effective way of extracting the diagonal harmonic and anharmonic compliance and force/relaxed force constants characterizing the bond in diatomic molecules and pseudo diatomic fragments in a molecule. The ability to compute the mentioned numerical values is likely to open up new possibilities for useful chemical applications.
Integrated Quantum Nanophotonics with Solution‐Processed Materials
Authors: Chen Yueyang , Sharp David , Saxena Abhi , Nguyen Hao , Cossairt Brandi M. , Majumdar Arka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA key obstacle for all quantum information science and engineering platforms is their lack of scalability. The discovery of emergent quantum phenomena and their applications in active photonic quantum technologies have been dominated by work with single atoms, self‐assembled quantum dots, or single solid‐state defects. Unfortunately, scaling these systems to many quantum nodes remains a significant challenge. Solution‐processed quantum materials are uniquely positioned to address this challenge, but the quantum properties of these materials have remained generally inferior to those of solid‐state emitters or atoms. Additionally, systematic integration of solution‐processed materials with dielectric nanophotonic structures has been rare compared to other solid‐state systems. Recent progress in synthesis processes and nanophotonic engineering, however, has demonstrated promising results, including long coherence times of emitted single photons and deterministic integration of emitters with dielectric nano‐cavities. In this review article, these recent experiments using solution‐processed quantum materials and dielectric nanophotonic structures are discussed. The progress in non‐classical light state generation, exciton‐polaritonics for quantum simulation, and spin‐physics in these materials is discussed and an outlook for this emerging research field is provided.
Racial discrimination and core executive functions
Authors: Keating Luke , Kaur Amandeep , Mendieta Miguel , Gleason Colleen , Basello Gina , Roth Alan , Brondolo Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearchers have theorized that exposure to racial discrimination may impair executive functioning. The limited existing data broadly support this notion and suggest that discrimination may exert acute and persistent effects on executive functioning, potentially because of the cognitive demands associated with responding to discrimination. However, it is unclear if discrimination is differentially associated with different core executive functions. Further, the effects may vary depending on the timing of exposure, as recent or acute exposure to discrimination may operate on executive functioning through different mechanisms than exposure across the lifetime. The current study evaluates the relations of both recent and lifetime exposure to racial discrimination to three core executive functions (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and working memory) using a racially and ethnically diverse sample (n = 319). In fully adjusted models, recent discrimination was negatively associated with cognitive flexibility and working memory but not with inhibitory control. These data are consistent with the broader literature on acute stress effects on core executive functions and may have implications for understanding the effects of discrimination on health. Further research is warranted to understand the course and mechanisms of effects of lifetime and recent discrimination on core executive functions.
The 50th anniversary of May 4, 1970 is associated with elevations of distress but no increase in mental health symptoms
Authors: Rabinowitz Emily P. , Sayer MacKenzie A. , Samii Marielle R. , Straub Elizabeth L. , Kutash Lindsay A. , Delahanty Douglas L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnniversaries of traumatic events are associated with increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, especially in individuals with prior mental health symptoms. However, research has largely focussed on 1‐year anniversaries, and it is unclear whether symptom exacerbation persists for more distal, or milestone, anniversaries. Symptoms typically decrease over time after traumatic events, but major anniversaries may be associated with increases in mental health symptoms. During and 3 months after the 50th anniversary of the political protest violence at Kent State University on May 4, 1970, 115 individuals completed measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anniversary‐related stress. Participants reported greater stress (t(97) = 4.04 p ≤ .001) during the 50th anniversary compared to 3 months later, but there were no differences in total PTSD (t(114) = .65, p = .52) or depression/anxiety symptoms (all p's > .05). Even in higher‐risk individuals (those who previously received mental health services), symptoms did not differ during versus after the anniversary. In general, long‐term anniversaries may contribute to transient increases in distress but do not induce major changes in mental health symptoms.