bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Anaemia Programme And Personalized Therapies (CAPPT): Protocol For A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial Testing The Effect Women’s Groups, Home Counselling And Iron Supplementation On Haemoglobin In Pregnancy In Southern Nepal
Authors: Saville Naomi M , Kharel Chandani , Morrison Joanna , Harris-Fry Helen A. , James Philip , Copas Andrew , Giri Santosh , Arjyal Abriti , Beard B. James , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Skordis Jolene , Richter Adam , Baral Sushil , Hillman Sara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAnaemia in pregnancy remains prevalent in Nepal and causes severe adverse health outcomes.Methods This non-blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial in the plains of Nepal has two study arms: 1) Control: routine antenatal care (ANC); 2) Home visiting, iron supplementation, Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) groups, plus routine ANC. Participants: Women in 54 non-contiguous clusters (mean 2582; range 1299-4865 population) in Southern Kapilbastu district are eligible if they consent to menstrual monitoring, are resident, married, aged 13-49 years and able to respond to questions. After 1-2 missed menses and a positive pregnancy test, consenting women <20 weeks’ gestation, who plan to reside locally for most of the pregnancy, enrol into trial follow-up. Interventions comprise two home-counselling visits (at 12-21- and 22-26-weeks’ gestation) with iron folic acid (IFA) supplement dosage tailored to women’s haemoglobin concentration, plus monthly PLA women’s group meetings using a dialogical problem-solving approach to engage pregnant women and their families. Home visits and PLA meetings will be facilitated by auxiliary nurse midwives.Hypothesis: Haemoglobin of women at 30±2 weeks’ gestation is ≥0.4 g/dL higher in the intervention arm than in the control. A sample of 842 women (421 per arm, average 15.6 per cluster) will provide 88% power, assuming SD 1.2, ICC 0.09 and CV of cluster size 0.27.Outcomes are captured at 30±2 weeks gestation. Primary outcome: Haemoglobin concentration (g/dL). Secondary outcomes: Anaemia prevalence (%), mid-upper arm circumference (cm), Mean Probability of micronutrient Adequacy (MPA) and number of ANC visits at a health facility.Indicators to assess pathways to impact include number of IFA tablets consumed during pregnancy, intake of energy (kcal/d) and dietary iron (mg/d), a score of bioavailability-enhancing behaviours and recall of one nutrition knowledge indicator.Costs and cost-effectiveness of the intervention will be estimated from a provider perspective. Using constrained randomisation we allocated clusters to study arms, ensuring similarity with respect to cluster size, ethnicity, religion and distance to a health facility. Analysis is by intention-to-treat at the individual level, using mixed-effects regression.Discussion: Findings will inform Nepal government policy on approaches to increase adherence to IFA, improve diets and reduce anaemia in pregnancy.Trial registration: ISRCTN 12272130.
Simple Demographics and Laboratory Findings on Admission May Predict f In-hospital Mortality in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Obremska Marta , Pazgan-Simon Monika , Budrewicz Katarzyna , Bilaszewski Lukasz , Wizowska Joanna , Jagielski Dariusz , Jankowska-Polanska Beata , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Madowicz Jarosław , Zuwala-Jagiello Jolanta , Zysko Dorota , Banasiak Waldemar , Simon Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could result in different laboratory abnormalities. The prediction of the outcome based on simple demographics and laboratory parameters could be useful for clinical purposes. The objective of the study is to develop and validate a score (Covid19-score) based on demographics and laboratory findings, performed at hospital admission in patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed on a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab, to predict in-hospital mortality.Methods: Three cohorts of patients from three different hospitals were studied consecutively. The studied data came from patients’ electronic records. On the basis of the retrospective analysis of the mortality in the developing cohort from the first hospital the cut-off points predicting in-hospital mortality for gender, age, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, leukocyte count, sodium, potassium, creatinine level, C-reactive protein level were found and Covid19-score as a sum of points was calculated for each patient. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the Covid19-score for predicting survival to hospital discharge was counted. The Covid19-score was validated using data of patients from a second hospital. The significance of Covid19-score was confirmed on the prospective cohort of patients collected from a third hospital,Results: AUC of the Covid19-score for predicting survival to hospital discharge was 0.89 (0.84-0.95) p<0.001 in developing cohort, 0.850 (0.75-0.88) p<0.001 in validation cohort and 0.773 (0.731-0.816) p<0.001 in the prospective cohort.Conclusion: The Covid19-score is useful in predicting the clinical outcome for hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Cycle Threshold Probability Score for Immediate and Sensitive Detection of B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 Lineage
Authors: De Smet Dieter , Vanhee Merijn , Maes Brigitte , Swaerts Koen , De Jaeger Peter , Hoecke Frederik Van , Maelegheer Karel , Martens Geert Antoine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern associated with immune escape is important to safeguard vaccination efficacy. We describe the potential of delayed N-gene amplification in the Allplex SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay for screening of the B.1.351 lineage.Methods. In a study cohort of 397 consecutive PCR-positive samples genotyped by whole genome sequencing, amplification curves of E/N/S-RdRP targets indicated delayed N- versus E-gene amplification, characteristic for B.1.351. Logistic regression was used to calculate a VOC.V2 probability score that was evaluated as separate screening test in an independent validation cohort versus sequencing. Results. B.1.351 showed a proportionally delayed amplification of N- versus E-gene. In logistic regression only N- and E-gene cycle thresholds independently contributed to B.1.351 prediction, allowing calculation of a VOC.V2 probability score with AUC=0.94. At an optimal dichotomous cut-off point of 0.12, VOC.V2 probability score achieved 98.7% sensitivity at 79.9% specificity resulting in 99.6% and 54.6% NPV and PPV respectively. Probability of B.1.351 increased with increasing VOC.V2 probability score, achieving likelihood ratio of 12.01 above 0.5. Near maximal NPV was confirmed in 153 consecutive validation samples. Conclusion. Delayed N- versus E-gene amplification in the Allplex SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay can be used for fast and highly sensitive screening of B.1.351.
The Effect of Topically Applied Boric Acid on Ephrin-Eph Pathway in Wound Treatment: An Experimental Study
Authors: Büyük Başak , Aydeğer Cemre , Adalı Yasemen , Eroğlu Hüseyin Avni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Wound healing has a vital importance for the organism and various agents are used to accelerate wound healing. Although the effect of boron on wound healing is known, its mechanisms are not completely clear yet. In this study, the effect of boron in the Ephrin /Eph pathway will be evaluated.Methods and Results: Forty adult female rats were used in the study. A full-thickness excisional wound model was created in all groups divided as control, Fito cream, Boric acid and Pluronic gel groups. Histopathologically, inflammatory cell infiltration(ICI), edema and fibroblast proliferation density(FPD); immunohistochemically TNF-α(Tumor necrosis factor α), EphrinA1, EphrinB1, EphrinB2 and EphB4 antibodies were evaluated in the skin tissues obtained after the applications performed twice a day and lasting 7 days.The ICI score was found to be higher in the Fito group compared to the boron group(p=0.018). FPD was higher in Plu group than boron group(p=0.012). While TNF-α was lower in boron group than Plu(p=0.027) and Fito(p=0.016) groups, EphrinA1 was higher in Boron group than plu group(p=0.005). EphrinB1 expression was higher in Boron group compared to Plu(p=0.015) and Fito(p=0.015) groups, and the same difference was also observed in EphrinB2 (p values 0.000). Similarly, EphB4 immunoreactivity was higher in the Boron group compared to the plu(p=0.000) and Fito(p=0.002).Coclusion: One of the mechanisms of action of boron in wound healing is to increase EphrinB1, EphrinB2 and EphB4. Low TNF-α and histopathological findings indicate that boron limits extensive wound healing.
Mandibular Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Tang Zirong , Wang Lin , Yang Ming , Jia Yulin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a non-neoplastic lesion involving multiple quadrants of the jaw. Case presentation: Patients are usually asymptomatic, and the diagnosis mainly depends on radiographic and clinical examinations. Here, we describe a 50-year-old female patient with clinical manifestations of bone defect, no pain or swelling, combined with imaging indicators of secondary infection. However, there are no accepted treatment guidelines for complex FCOD. Conclusions: Therefore, based on a review of the literature, this article describes treatment approaches for symptomatic patients and details the successful treatment of FCOD with superimposed fungal osteomyelitis.
A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Women with Uterine Sarcoma: A Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Li Yuan-jie , Lyu Jun , Li Chen , He Hai-rong , Wang Jin-feng , Wang Yue-ling , Fang Jing , Ji Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To develop a comprehensive nomogram for predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) for uterine sarcoma (US).Methods: 3861 patients of US between 2010 to 2015 were identified for this study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. They were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 2702) and a validation cohort (n = 1159) in a 7-to-3 ratio by R software. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to select predictive variables and then to identify independent prognostic factors. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), the net reclassification improvement (NRI), the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration plotting, and decision-curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the new survival nomogram with the AJCC 7th edition prognosis model.Results: We have established a nomogram for determining the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS probabilities of US patients. In this nomogram, pathology grade has the highest risk on CSS in US, followed by the age at diagnosis, then surgery status. The C-index for the nomogram (0.796, 0.767 for the training and validation cohort, respectively) was higher than those for the AJCC staging system (0.706 and 0.713, respectively). Furthermore, AUC value, NRI, IDI, calibration plotting, and DCA showed that this nomogram exhibited better performance than the AJCC staging system alone.Conclusion: Our study validated the first comprehensive nomogram for US which could provide more accurately and individualized survival predictions for US patients in clinical practice.
A Machine Learning Application for Raising WASH Awareness in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pandey Rohan , Gautam Vaibhav , Pal Ridam , Bandhey Harsh , Dhingra Lovedeep Singh , Misra Vihaan , Sharma Himanshu , Jain Chirag , Bhagat Kanav , Arushi Arushi , Patel Lajjaben , Agarwal Mudit , Agrawal Samprati , Jalan Rishabh , Wadhwa Akshat , Garg Ayush , Agrawal Yashwin , Rana Bhavika , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the potential of digital misinformation in shaping the health of nations. The deluge of unverified information that spreads faster than the epidemic itself is an unprecedented phenomenon that has put millions of lives in danger. Mitigating this ‘Infodemic’ requires robust health messaging systems that are engaging, vernacular, scalable, effective, and continuously learn new misinformation patterns.Objective: We created WashKaro, a multi-pronged intervention for mitigating misinformation through conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine translation and natural language processing (NLP). WashKaro provides the correct information matched against WHO guidelines through AI and delivers it in a suitable format in local languages. Results: A total of 5026 people downloaded the app during the study window; among those, 1545 were actively engaged users. Our study shows that 3.4 times more females engaged with the App in Hindi as compared to males, the relevance of AI-filtered news content doubled within 45 days of continuous machine learning, and the prudence of integrated AI chatbot “Satya” increased thus proving the usefulness of a mHealth platform to mitigate health misinformation.Conclusion: We conclude that a machine learning application delivering bite-sized vernacular audios and conversational AI is a practical approach to mitigate health misinformation.
Emerging Mental Health Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Presumably Resilient Youth? -a 9-month Follow-up
Authors: Lehmann Stine , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Sandal Gro Mjeldheim , Haug Ellen , Bjørknes Ragnhild 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may have multifarious adverse effects on the mental health for some youth. To our knowledge, no study has followed young people beyond the first six months of the pandemic outbreak. The aim of this study was to examine 1) Change in internalizing, externalizing, and total mental health problems over two time-points with a nine-month interval during the COVID-19 outbreak and 2) Whether contextual and COVID-19-related factors contribute to change in mental health problems. Methods: Youth within the municipality of Bergen aged 11-18 years were invited via SMS to participate in an online survey in April and again in December 2020. A total of 2997 (40%) youth participated at baseline in the present study, and 1598 (53.3%) completed the second survey. At baseline, the mean age was 16.0 (SD=1.7) years, about 60% were girls, and 93% were born in Norway. Comparison across time was approached using inferential statistics and mixed linear models with maximum likelihood estimation and mixed effects logistic regression models. Results: There was an overall increase in total mental health problems from the first weeks into lockdown to 9 months after the pandemic outbreak. The overall increase seems to be exclusively driven by internalizing difficulties, i.e., increases in emotional problems and peer problems. The level of externalizing difficulties, i.e., conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention remained stable between the two time-points. Conclusions: Our results imply that in the wake of the pandemic, one should be aware of emerging mental health problems among presumably resilient youth, in addition to the more expected and pronounced mental health needs of vulnerable groups. Efforts to reach out to the general youth population with preventive measures in schools may be important actions to normalize the situation for young people, and to identify those in need of more targeted mental health interventions.
Deep Forest Model for Diagnosing COVID-19 From Routine Blood Tests
Authors: AlJame Maryam , Imtiaz Ayyub , Ahmad Imtiaz , Mohammed Ameer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has threatened the lives of people worldwide and poses considerable challenges. Early and accurate screening of infected people is vital for combating the disease. To help with the limited quantity of swab tests, we propose a machine learning prediction model to accurately diagnose COVID-19 from clinical and/or routine laboratory data. The model exploits a new ensemble-based method called the deep forest (DF), where multiple classifiers in multiple layers are used to encourage diversity and improve performance. The cascade level employs the layer-by-layer processing and is constructed from three different classifiers: extra trees, XGBoost, and LightGBM. The prediction model was trained and evaluated on two publicly available datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed DF model has an accuracy of 99.5%, sensitivity of 95.28%, and specificity of 99.96%. These performance metrics are comparable to other well-established machine learning techniques, and hence DF model can serve as a fast screening tool for COVID-19 patients at places where testing is scarce.
Cloning, Expression, and Characteristic Analysis of the Novel β-Galactosidase from Silkworm,Bombyx Mori
Authors: Yi Yong-Zhu , Li Jialei , Zong Zhi-Peng , Liu Xing-Jian , Song Hao-Zhi , Wang Hai-Ning , Zhang Zhi-Fang , Zhang Huan , Li Yinü 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
β-galactosidase is a critical exoglycosidase involved in the hydrolysis of lactose, the modification and degradation of glycoprotein in vivo. In this study, the β-galactosidase gene of silkworm (BmGal), whose cDNA comprises 11 exons and contains an intact ORF of 1821bp, was cloned. The protein sequence of BmGal showed high similarity with other known insect β-galactosidases. No activity of the BmGal expressed in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris was detected while it was successfully expressed with high enzyme activity in baculovirus–silkworm expression system, and the electrophoresis result revealed that the BmGal showed activity in oligomer mode. Enzyme activity assay showed that its optimum pH was 8.4 and its optimum temperature was 40℃. What’s more, we found that iron ions can stimulate the activity of the enzyme while cobalt, nickel or lead ions can inhibit its activity significantly. Besides, the temporal-spatial expression pattern of the BmGal mRNA level was analyzed, which showed that BmGal was expressed at the highest level in the fifth larval instar but relatively low level in the pupal and adult stage, and the highest expression level of BmGal was found in testis among all the tissues concerned.
The Impact of Intraoperative Gap Difference Between Extension and Flexion on Perception of Joint Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Okayoshi Tomohiro , Okamoto Yoshinori , Wakama Hitoshi , Otsuki Shuhei , Neo Masashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The argument presupposes that intra-operative soft tissue balance is associated with patient-reported outcome measures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our aim was to assess the association between the extension-to-flexion gap and patients’ reported perception of knee joint function.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 60 cases of primary cruciate-retaining TKAs performed for the treatment of medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis, at a mean follow-up of 2.6 (range, 2.0–5.2) years. Knee perception was evaluated by asking patients whether they considered their knee joint as “natural” (grade I) or “artificial”, with or without restrictions (grades II–V). The following factors were compared between the two groups: age, sex, and the extension-to-flexion gap difference. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors of an artificial knee joint perception. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify cut-off values of predictive factors. Result: Compared to a natural knee joint perception (26 knees, 43%), an artificial perception (34 knees, 57%) was associated with a smaller gap difference at the distraction force of 20 lbf (p < .001), 30 lbf (p = .022), and 40 lbf (p = .038), a lower EuroQol 5-Dimension score (p = .029), and self-reported joint health (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Joint Replacement [KOOS-JR], p = .032). A gap difference <1.0 mm was a predictive of an artificial perception (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–4.54; p < .001). A cut-off gap difference of 0.99 mm at 20 lbf predicted an artificial perception with a sensitivity of 81.5% and a specificity of 87.9%. Post-operative satisfaction (p < .001), KOOS-JR (p < .001), patient’s joint perception (p = .006), pain (p = .015), and EuroQol 5-Dimension (p = .032) differed between the two groups when the gap difference threshold was set to 1.0 mm.Conclusion: Careful balancing of soft tissue during TKA to achieve an extension-to-flexion gap ≥ 1.0 mm can improve patients’ perception of knee joint function and quality of life.
Bioactive Phytochemicals From Salvia Officinalis Attenuate Cadmium-induced Oxidative Damage and Genotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Rashwana Hanan M , Mohammed Hagar E , El-Nekeety Aziza A , Hamza Zeinab K , Abdel-Aziem Sekena H , Hassan Nabila S , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the bioactive phytochemicals in Salvia officinalis essential oil, to determine the polyphenols in the aqueous extract (SOE), and to evaluate their protective role against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage, and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of female rats were treated orally for 2 weeks including the control group, CdCl2-treated group, SOE-treated groups at low or high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w), and CdCl2 plus SOE-treated groups at the two doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 39 compounds the main compounds were 9-Octadecenamide, Eucalyptol, Palmitic acid, Oleic acid. However, the HPLC analysis identified 12 polyphenolic compounds and the majority were coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, coffeic acid, catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin. In the biological study, rats received CdCl2 displayed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices (ALT, AST, Alb, TP, T. Bil, D. Bil, creatinine, uric acid, and urea), lipid profile (Cho, TG, HDL, and LDL), serum cytokines (TNF-α, AFP and CEA), antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT), oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO), gene expressions, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue. SOE showed a potent antioxidant and mitigated these alterations in serum and tissue. Moreover, the high dose succeeded to normalize most of the tested parameters and histological features. It could be concluded that Salvia officinalis is a promising source for bioactive compounds with therapeutically benefits against environmental toxicants.