bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional thermally-induced transformation of nest-structured complex Au-Fe nanoalloys towards equilibrium
Authors: Johny Jacob , Prymak Oleg , Kamp Marius , Calvo Florent , Kim Se-Ho , Tymoczko Anna , El-Zoka Ayman , Rehbock Christoph , Schürmann Ulrich , Gault Baptiste , Kienle Lorenz , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles are often superior candidates for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications owing to their enhanced catalytic, optical, and magnetic properties, which are often better than their monometallic counterparts. Most of their properties strongly depend on their chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and phase distribution. However, little is known of how their crystal structure, on the nanoscale, transforms over time at elevated temperatures, even though this knowledge is highly relevant in case nanoparticles are used in, e.g., high-temperature catalysis. Au-Fe is a promising bimetallic system where the low-cost and magnetic Fe is combined with catalytically active and plasmonic Au. Here, we report on the in situ temporal evolution of the crystalline ordering in Au-Fe nanoparticles, obtained from a modern laser ablation in liquids synthesis. Our in-depth analysis, complemented by dedicated atomistic simulations, includes a detailed structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy as well as atom probe tomography to reveal elemental distributions down to a single atom resolution. We show that the Au-Fe nanoparticles initially exhibit highly complex internal nested nanostructures with a wide range of compositions, phase distributions, and size-depended microstrains. The elevated temperature induces a diffusion-controlled recrystallization and phase merging, resulting in the formation of a single face-centered-cubic ultrastructure in contact with a body-centered cubic phase, which demonstrates the metastability of these structures. Uncovering these unique nanostructures with nested features could be highly attractive from a fundamental viewpoint as they could give further insights into the nanoparticle formation mechanism under non-equilibrium conditions. Furthermore, the in situ evaluation of the crystal structure changes upon heating is potentially relevant for high-temperature process utilization of bimetallic nanoparticles, e.g., during catalysis.
Assessing trophic state of surface waters of Służewiecki Stream (Warsaw)
Authors: Wojtkowska Małgorzata , Bojanowski Damian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work, eutrophication indexes were used for the assessment of eutrophication level of water course (Służewiecki Stream) and the waters of nearby lakes (Bottom Berensewicz’s Pond, Wyścigi Pond, Wilanowskie Lake). Calculating eutrophication indexes were based on the most important indicators which is crucial for eutrophication process: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl(a)) and water transparency. The research revealed that the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the analysed waters determined intensity of trophic processes. The average concentration of both indicators was high: 0.81 mg/l TP and 6.8 mg/l TN. During this research, two approaches were used: trophic state index (TSI) and trophic level index (TLI). TSI (TP) in Służewiecki Stream were, respectively: 83 and 6.5 whilst for standing waters (lake and ponds) 87 and 6.6. Both indexes indicated high trophic state and confirmed that eutrophication is a serious endangerment for analysed surface waters. Calculated indexes used in the assessment were sufficient and effective for sustainable water protection and management of water quality in Służewiecki Stream and in standing waters.
Pressure and reciprocal rate transient analysis for finite-conductivity vertical fractured hydrocarbon wells under trilinear flow
Authors: Escobar Freddy Humberto , Pineda Fabio Andrés , Suescún-Díaz Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydraulic well fracturing has been an important practice for well stimulation along the history of the hydrocarbon industry. Therefore, accurate and practical assessment of the fracturing job should be of importance. Interpretation of well pressure and rate test data in vertical finite-conductivity fractured hydrocarbon wells by the TDS methodology and conventional analysis are presented in this paper. The accuracy and practicality of the developed equations are successfully tested with synthetical examples and a field case.
Direct Ink Writing of Highly Conductive MXene Frames for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electromagnetic Wave-Induced Thermochromism
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Tu Tingxiang , Dai Yang , Tang Pingping , Zhang Yu , Deng Zhiming , Li Lulu , Zhang Hao-Bin , Yu Zhong-Zhen 
Published: June 2021

Highlights

3D printing of MXene frames with tunable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency is demonstrated.

Highly conductive MXene frames are reinforced by cross-linking with aluminum ions.

Electromagnetic wave is visualized by electromagnetic-thermochromic MXene patterns.

Abstract
The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components. However, the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications. The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl3/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles, as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions. After freeze-drying, the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25–80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m−1. Furthermore, an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern, and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation. This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.
When and Why Perceived Organizational Environmental Support Fails to Work: From a Congruence Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhang Zhe , Jia Ming 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTEnvironmental responsibility has been increasingly emphasized in the management field. Perceived organizational environmental support is generally considered desirable within organizations. Nonetheless, both scholars and practitioners doubt that it is a panacea for enhancing employee green behavior (EGB), an important workplace behavior benefiting the environment and corporate sustainability. From a congruence perspective, this research explores when and why perceived organizational environmental support fails to increase EGB effectively. Drawing upon cue consistency theory and the corporate hypocrisy literature, we propose that perceived organizational environmental support backfires when it is incongruent with another critical cue signaling an organization's environmental stance – perceived supervisory environmental support (particularly when perceived organizational environmental support is higher than perceived supervisory environmental support). This is because the inconsistent signals of environmental support from the organization (in the form of policy commitment) and supervisor (in the form of supportive behaviors) arouse employees’ perception of corporate hypocrisy, which in turn inhibits EGB. Both the scenario experiment results (Study 1) and the polynomial regression results of the field survey data (Study 2) support our hypotheses. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
EQUIVALENCE OF SEMI-NORMS RELATED TO SUPER WEAKLY COMPACT OPERATORS
Authors: TU KUN 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study super weakly compact operators through a quantitative method. We introduce a semi-norm

$\sigma (T)$
of an operator

$T:X\to Y$
, where X, Y are Banach spaces, the so-called measure of super weak noncompactness, which measures how far T is from the family of super weakly compact operators. We study the equivalence of the measure

$\sigma (T)$
and the super weak essential norm of T. We prove that Y has the super weakly compact approximation property if and and only if these two semi-norms are equivalent. As an application, we construct an example to show that the measures of T and its dual

$T^*$
are not always equivalent. In addition we give some sequence spaces as examples of Banach spaces having the super weakly compact approximation property.
Enhanced melioidosis surveillance in patients attending four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Win Mo Mo , Win Kyi Kyi Nyein , Wah Thin Thin , Aye Su Nyein , Htwe Tin Tin , Zin Khwar Nyo , Aung Myint Thazin , Aung Wah Wah , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Smithuis Frank , Rigas Vanessa , Currie Bart J. , Mayo Mark , Webb Jessica R. , Ling Clare L. , Htun Zaw Than , Dance David A.B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the current epidemiology of melioidosis in Yangon, Myanmar, between June 2017 and May 2019 we conducted enhanced surveillance for melioidosis in four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, where the disease was first discovered in 1911. Oxidase-positive Gram-negative rods were obtained from the microbiology laboratories and further analysed at the Department of Medical Research. Analysis included culture on Ashdown agar, the three disc sensitivity test (gentamicin, colistin and co-amoxiclav), latex agglutination, API 20 NE, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and a subset underwent molecular confirmation with aBurkholderia pseudomalleispecific assay. Twenty one of 364 isolates (5.7%) were confirmed asB. pseudomalleiand were mostly susceptible to the antibiotics used in standard therapy for melioidosis. Ten patients were from Yangon Region, nine were from Ayeyarwaddy region, and one each was from Kayin and Rakhine States. A history of soil contact was given by seven patients, five had diabetes mellitus and one had renal insufficiency. The patients presented with septicaemia (12 cases), pneumonia (three cases), urinary tract infection (two cases) and wound infection (four cases). Eighteen patients survived to hospital discharge. This study highlights the likelihood that melioidosis may be far more common, but underdiagnosed, in more rural parts of Myanmar as in other countries in SE Asia.
Assessment of cGMP level in medium during in vitro growth period of murine preantral follicles with and without supplementation of C-type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Ang Li , Xingping Guo , Haixia Cao , Zhulin Wang , Huaixiu Wang 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTo enhance the developmental competency of murine ovarian follicles cultured in vitro, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was supplemented in the culture system. Although the mechanism is not fully elucidated, it was reported that the effect of CNP supplementation was mediated by increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the present study, cGMP levels in media for murine preantral follicle culture were compared both between a control group without CNP supplementation and an experimental group with CNP supplementation and between days in each group. In addition, follicle growth patterns and oocyte maturity were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results demonstrated that along with in vitro culture, cGMP levels increased (P < 0.05) both in the control group and the experimental group, whereas cGMP levels were not significantly different between the two groups on the same day of in vitro culture (P > 0.05). The oocyte’s maturity was superior in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As ovarian follicles grew three-dimensionally in the experimental group but were flattened in the control group, CNP might improve oocyte maturity through maintaining the three-dimensional architecture of the ovarian follicle because of increased transzonal projections (TZP) and functional gap junctions between oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells.
AS-REGULARITY OF GEOMETRIC ALGEBRAS OF PLANE CUBIC CURVES
Authors: ITABA AYAKO , MATSUNO MASAKI 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn noncommutative algebraic geometry an Artin–Schelter regular (AS-regular) algebra is one of the main interests, and every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is a geometric algebra, introduced by Mori, whose point scheme is either
$\mathbb {P}^{2}$
or a cubic curve in
$\mathbb {P}^{2}$
by Artin et al. [‘Some algebras associated to automorphisms of elliptic curves’, in: The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. 1, Progress in Mathematics, 86 (Birkhäuser, Basel, 1990), 33–85]. In the preceding paper by the authors Itaba and Matsuno [‘Defining relations of 3-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras’, Math. J. Okayama Univ. 63 (2021), 61–86], we determined all possible defining relations for these geometric algebras. However, we did not check their AS-regularity. In this paper, by using twisted superpotentials and twists of superpotentials in the Mori–Smith sense, we check the AS-regularity of geometric algebras whose point schemes are not elliptic curves. For geometric algebras whose point schemes are elliptic curves, we give a simple condition for three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras. As an application, we show that every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is graded Morita equivalent to a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra.
Nihil novi sub sole:The Need for Rethinking WTO and Green Subsidies in Light ofUnited States – Renewable Energy
Authors: Nelson Douglas , Puccio Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUS–Renewable Energyis the last in a series of WTO disputes involving subsidies schemes with local content requirements. Local content requirements (LCRs) are highly discriminatory and trade distortive instruments and therefore all cases concerning green energy have been found to violate WTO law. However, recent jurisprudence has developed a different definition of prohibited LCRs under the GATT and the SCM agreement, the latter allowing for some leeway to define origin of products under a government subsidy scheme. Depending how the subsidy scheme is framed, it will be able to be excused from the GATT's more stringent prohibition of LCRs, this raises question of consistency in the application of the LCRs prohibition. Moreover, we review a simple and robust approach that modern welfare economics suggests for framing discussions of subsidy policy. We apply this approach to the case of renewable energy subsidies and discuss some complexities with respect to local content requirements. In conclusion, this allows us to critically assess and review proposals to increase coherence between WTO subsidy policy and green energy promotion policies and submit proposals to achieve better suited WTO subsidy rules.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Diapycnal Mixing in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Katsumata K. , Talley L. D. , Capuano T. A. , Whalen C. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and diapycnal diffusivity are estimated along 10 hydrographic sections across the Indian Ocean from a depth of 500 m to the seabed. Six sections were occupied twice. On the meridional section, which is nominally along 95°E, spatial patterns were observed to persist throughout the three occupations. Since the variability in diffusivity exceeds the variability in the vertical gradients of temperature and salinity, we conclude that the diffusive diapycnal fluxes vary mostly with diffusivity. In high latitudes, diapycnal diffusions of both temperature and salinity contribute almost equally to density diffusion, particularly across isopycnals just above the salinity maximum, while mainly temperature contributes in other latitudes. The known zonal difference in turbulence is reproduced. Diffusivity from the seabed to 4,000 m above the seabed has an exponential profile with a mode value of 4 × 10−4 m2s−1 at 1,000 m above the seabed and is positively correlated with topographic roughness as reported previously. It is found that the diffusivity also correlates with wind power injected through the surface at near‐inertial frequencies 10–80 days before the observations. These correlations were used to interpolate the observation‐based turbulence quantities to the entire Indian Ocean. Although the dissipation averaged along selected neutral‐density surfaces is less than the dissipation needed to explain the meridional overturning circulation evaluated across 32°S latitude, this may be explained by effects not captured by the ship‐based observations and parameterization. These effects likely include unobserved high‐mixing events, near bottom processes (e.g., hydraulic jumps), and deep equatorial jets.
Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice
Authors: Gan Changjiao , Luo Wenbo , Yu Yunzhou , Jiao Zhouguang , Li Sha , Su Duo , Feng Junxia , Zhao Xiaodong , Qiu Yefeng , Hu Lingfei , Zhou Dongsheng , Xiong Xiaolu , Wang Jinglin , Yang Huiying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, is generally known to be the most poisonous of all biological toxins. In this study, we evaluate the protection conferred by intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation immunization with recombinant Hc subunit (AHc) vaccines against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication. Three AHc vaccine formulations, i.e., conventional liquid, dry powder produced by spray freeze drying, and AHc dry powder reconstituted in water are prepared, and mice are immunized via i.t. inoculation or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Compared with s.c.-AHc-immunized mice, i.t.-AHc-immunized mice exhibit a slightly stronger protection against a challenge with 30,000× LD50 aerosolized BoNT/A. Of note, only i.t.-AHc induces a significantly higher level of toxin-neutralizing mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the bronchoalveolar lavage of mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the three formulations of AHc is comparable, while i.t. immunization of AHc is superior to s.c. immunization against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication.
Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018
Authors: Berthet Nicolas , Descorps-Declère Stéphane , Besombes Camille , Curaudeau Manon , Nkili Meyong Andriniaina Andy , Selekon Benjamin , Labouba Ingrid , Gonofio Ella Cyrielle , Ouilibona Rita Sem , Simo Tchetgna Huguette Dorine , Feher Maxence , Fontanet Arnaud , Kazanji Mirdad , Manuguerra Jean-Claude , Hassanin Alexandre , Gessain Antoine , Nakoune Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMonkeypox is an emerging infectious disease, which has a clinical presentation similar to smallpox. In the two past decades, Central Africa has seen an increase in the frequency of cases, with many monkeypox virus (MPXV) isolates detected in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). To date, no complete MPXV viral genome has been published from the human cases identified in the CAR. The objective of this study was to sequence the full genome of 10 MPXV isolates collected during the CAR epidemics between 2001 and 2018 in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships among MPXV lineages previously described in Central Africa and West Africa. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the 10 CAR isolates belong to three lineages closely related to those found in DRC. The phylogenetic pattern shows that all of them emerged in the rainforest block of the Congo Basin. Since most human index cases in CAR occurred at the northern edge of western and eastern rainforests, transmissions from wild animals living in the rainforest is the most probable hypothesis. In addition, molecular dating estimates suggest that periods of intense political instability resulting in population movements within the country often associated also with increased poverty may have led to more frequent contact with host wild animals. The CAR socio-economic situation, armed conflicts and ecological disturbances will likely incite populations to interact more and more with wild animals and thus increase the risk of zoonotic spillover.
Enrichment of low abundance DNA/RNA by oligonucleotide-clicked iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Damavandi Fereshte , Wang Weiwei , Shen Wei-Zheng , Cetinel Sibel , Jordan Tracy , Jovel Juan , Montemagno Carlo , Wong Gane Ka-Shu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDetection of low abundance target DNA/RNA for clinical or research purposes is challenging because the target sequences can be hidden under a large background of human genomic or non-human metagenomic sequences. We describe a probe-based capture method to enrich for target sequences with DNA-clicked iron oxide nanoparticles. Our method was tested against commercial capture assays using streptavidin beads, on a set of probes derived from a common genotype of the hepatitis C virus. We showed that our method is more specific and sensitive, most likely due to the combination of an inert silica coating and a high density of DNA probes clicked to the nanoparticles. This facilitates target capture below the limits of detection for TaqMan qPCR, and we believe that this method has the potential to transform management of infectious diseases.
A new combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in cancer cells by using nanoparticles as biocompatible drug delivery carriers
Authors: Kucuksayan Ertan , Bozkurt Fatih , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Sircan-Kucuksayan Aslinur , Hanikoglu Aysegul , Ozben Tomris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSome experimental and clinical studies have been conducted for the usage of chemotherapeutic drugs encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs). However, no study has been conducted so far on the co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs as biocompatible drug delivery carriers. Therefore, we investigated if co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and/or epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs enhance their anticancer efficiency and prevent drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells. We synthesized Dox and/or Epo loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized them in terms of their particle size and stability, surface, molecular, thermal, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release properties. We studied the effects of drug encapsulated NPs on cellular accumulation, intracellular drug levels, oxidative stress status, cellular viability, drug resistance, 20S proteasome activity, cytosolic Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB-p65), and apoptosis in breast cancer and normal cells. Our results proved that the nanoparticles we synthesized were thermally stable possessing higher encapsulation efficiency and particle stability. Thermal, morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated the presence of Dox and/or Epo within NPs, indicating that they were successfully loaded. Cell line assays proved that Dox and Epo loaded NPs were less cytotoxic to single-layer normal HUVECs than free Dox and Epo, suggesting that the NPs would be biocompatible drug delivery carriers. The apoptotic index of free Dox and Epo increased 50% through their encapsulation into NPs, proving combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the co-encapsulation of Dox and Epo within NPs would be a promising treatment strategy to overcome multidrug resistance and toxicity to normal tissues that can be studied in further in vivo and clinical studies in breast cancer.