bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study for optimal design of soil nailed embankment slopes
Authors: Derghoum Rabah , Meksaouine Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a set of new required programmes written in format data using the built-in programming FISH language available in three-dimensional Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua software (FLAC3D). These script data files were developed, to overcome difficulties noted during the nailed slope stability prediction. They established to analyse stability of general embankment slope cases under various soil nailing parameters design. To deal with 3D finite difference analysis results in terms of the factor of safety (FOS) and critical slip surface, both 2D finite difference and limit equilibrium (LEM) methods are also conducted. A comparison of the 3D and 2D results indicates that 2D analyses underestimate seriously stability predictions, notably in terms of the FOS. Therefore, it was concluded that, 3D analysis should be used as an alternative to the 2D analyses, even though it requires more time. Some useful conclusions are obtained from this work, which provides a good practice guidance for real life scenarios.
Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Carretero-Krug Alejandra , Úbeda Natalia , Velasco Carlos , Medina-Font Juan , Laguna Trinidad Trujillo , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio , Montero Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety.

Methods
A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established.

Results
Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications.
Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications.

Conclusions
These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.
Evaluation indicators for open-source software: a review
Authors: Zhao Yuhang , Liang Ruigang , Chen Xiang , Zou Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the widespread applications of open-source software (OSS) have brought great convenience for software developers. However, it is always facing unavoidable security risks, such as open-source code defects and security vulnerabilities. To find out the OSS risks in time, we carry out an empirical study to identify the indicators for evaluating the OSS. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the OSS assessment, we collect 56 papers from prestigious academic venues (such as IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, DBLP, and Google Scholar) in the past 21 years. During the process of the investigation, we first identify the main concerns for selecting OSS and distill five types of commonly used indicators to assess OSS. We then conduct a comparative analysis to discuss how these indicators are used in each surveyed study and their differences. Moreover, we further undertake a correlation analysis between these indicators and uncover 13 confirmed conclusions and four cases with controversy occurring in these studies. Finally, we discuss several possible applications of these conclusions, which are insightful for the research on OSS and software supply chain.
Systematic Review of Cancer Research Output From Africa, With Zambia as an Example
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Mutale Wilbroad , Cassell Holly , Heimburger Douglas Corbett , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Cancer occurrence is increasing in Africa, although research has lagged. The objective of this review was to analyze cancer research outputs from Africa, with a particular focus on Zambia. METHODS We searched PubMed for published cancer-related articles from African countries. All articles reporting on cancer in Africa were considered. We conducted analyses to explore correlations between cancer research output and total population, gross domestic product, and new cancer cases recorded in 2020. For Zambia articles, we also analyzed cancer types and time trends. RESULTS A total of 48,487 cancer-related publications from Africa were identified, with nearly half coming from Egypt (13,372; 28%) and South Africa (9,393; 19%). Cancer research output correlated significantly with country population (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.74; P < .001) and the number of new cancer cases recorded in 2020 (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.77; P < .001). Standardized by population size, Western Sahara (0.576), Seychelles (0.244), Tunisia (0.239), South Africa (0.158), and Egypt (0.131) had the highest overall output per 1,000 population. A total of 244 publications were from Zambia; the most studied cancers were cervical (25%), Kaposi sarcoma (24%), and breast (10%). Although an increase in cancer research output from Zambia was noted, only 33% of publications were first or last authored by Zambians. The major limitation of this review is that the evaluation was based on a single electronic database, PubMed. CONCLUSION Cancer research output from Africa is very low, with many of the publications concentrated in a few countries. There is an urgent need to invest in both human resources and infrastructure to increase cancer research output from African countries, particularly in less populous countries.
Arsenic Combined With All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Report From the CCLG-APL2016 Protocol Study
Authors: Zheng Huyong , Jiang Hui , Hu Shaoyan , Liao Ning , Shen Diying , Tian Xin , Hao Guoping , Jin Runming , Li Jianxin , Fang Yongjun , Ju Xiuli , Liu Ansheng , Wang Ningling , Zhai Xiaowen , Zhu Jiashi , Hu Qun , Li Limin , Liu Wei , Sun Lirong , Wang Li , Dai Yunpeng , Feng Xiaoqin , Li Fu , Liang Hui , Luo Xinhui , Yan Mei , Yin Qingning , Chen Yan , Han Yueqin , Qu Lijun , Tao Yanling , Gao Hui , He Zhixu , Lin Limin , Luo Jixia , Pan Kaili , Zhang Jingrong , Zhang Rong , Zhou Min , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Linya , Zhang Ruidong , Xiao Peifang , Ling Yayun , Peng Xiaoxia , Peng Yaguang , Wang Tianyou ,   for the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Arsenic combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the standard of care for adult acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the safety and effectiveness of this treatment in pediatric patients with APL have not been reported on the basis of larger sample sizes. METHODS We conducted a multicenter trial at 38 hospitals in China. Patients with newly diagnosed APL were stratified into two risk groups according to baseline WBC count and FLT3-ITD mutation. ATRA plus arsenic trioxide or oral arsenic without chemotherapy were administered to the standard-risk group, whereas ATRA, arsenic trioxide, or oral arsenic plus reduced-dose anthracycline were administered to the high-risk group. Primary end points were event-free survival and overall survival at 2 years. RESULTS We enrolled 193 patients with APL. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months, the 2-year overall survival rate was 99% (95% CI, 97 to 100) in the standard-risk group and 95% (95% CI, 90 to 100) in the high-risk group ( P = .088). The 2-year event-free survival was 97% (95% CI, 93 to 100) in the standard-risk group and 90% (95% CI, 83 to 96) in the high-risk group ( P = .252). The plasma levels of arsenic were significantly elevated after treatment, with a stable effective level ranging from 42.9 to 63.2 ng/mL during treatment. In addition, plasma, urine, hair, and nail arsenic levels rapidly decreased to normal 6 months after the end of treatment. CONCLUSION Arsenic combined with ATRA is effective and safe in pediatric patients with APL, although long-term follow-up is still needed.
Changes in ctDNA levels after MIBG therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma.
Authors: Campbell Kevin M. , Klega Kelly S. , Shulman David Stephen , Tsao-Wei Denice D. , Groshen Susan G. , Goodarzian Fariba , Berkovich Rachel , Shimada Hiroyuki , Marachelian Araz , Villablanca Judith , Park Julie R. , Granger Meaghan , Matthay Katherine K. , Crompton Brian D. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: June 2021

10012 Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is detectable in children with neuroblastoma. Less is known about how levels change during treatment and the implications of these changes. We evaluated ctDNA pre- and post- 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy. Methods: We utilized plasma samples from NANT11-01 (NCT02035137), a multi-center, open label, randomized phase II clinical trial evaluating MIBG with or without radiation sensitizers for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Plasma was collected at Baseline prior to MIBG, 72 hours (Hr72), 96 hours (Hr96), 15 days after MIBG (D15), and prior to a second course among patients without progression who received a second course (C2). Samples were analyzed for percent ctDNA levels using ultra-low passage whole genome sequencing. We evaluated associations between ctDNA findings with baseline disease measures of percent involvement in bone marrow, Curie score, and RECIST disease sum of diameters as well as overall response by NANT Response Criteria v1.2 (complete response or partial response coded as responders). Results: Eighty-four patients had a baseline sample and were included in this analysis. Of the 37 patients (44%) with detectable ctDNA at baseline, the median ctDNA level was 32% (range 3.9-91%). Baseline ctDNA levels showed a significant positive correlation with percent involvement in bone marrow (r=0.37; p=0.0004) and Curie score (r=0.26; p = 0.018), but not RECIST sum of diameters for soft tissue sites (r=0.065; p=0.56). Following therapy, the proportions of patients with detectable ctDNA were: Hr72 47% (34/73; median level 28%); Hr96 50% (26/52; median 28%); D15 33% (7/21; median 4%); and C2 14% (3/21; median 50%). Rate of ctDNA detection was similar between responders and non-responders at baseline, Hr72, and Hr96, but lower among responders at D15 and C2 (Table). Among the 21 patients with C2 data, ctDNA levels were either undetectable (n=18) or lower than Cycle 1 Baseline (n=3). Among patients with detectable baseline ctDNA, the median relative ctDNA level at Hr72 (Hr72 ctDNA/baseline ctDNA) for non-responders was 0.87 (n=24) vs. 1.16 for responders (n=7). In contrast, the median relative ctDNA level at C2 for non-responders was 0.56 (n=4) vs. 0 for responders (n=4). Conclusions: ctDNA is detectable in a substantial proportion of patients with relapsed / refractory neuroblastoma, with levels correlated with conventional measures of disease burden. Following MIBG therapy, early timepoints (Hr72 and Hr96) are less informative, whereas ctDNA becomes undetectable at D15 and C2 more commonly in patients with clinical response.[Table: see text]
Dalpiciclib versus placebo plus fulvestrant in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer that relapsed or progressed on previous endocrine therapy (DAWNA-1): A multicenter, randomized, phase 3 study.
Authors: Xu Binghe , Zhang Qingyuan , Zhang Pin , Hu Xichun , Li Wei , Tong Zhongsheng , Sun Tao , Teng Yuee , Wu Xinhong , Ouyang Quchang , Yan Xi , Cheng Jing , Liu Qiang , Feng Jifeng , Wang Xiaojia , Zhu Xiaoyu , Wu Fei , Zhang Xiao , Zou Jianjun 
Published: June 2021

1002 Background: Dalpiciclib (SHR6390), a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor, as monotherapy has demonstrated tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity in pretreated HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC). Here we evaluated dalpiciclib with fulvestrant in ABC. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, patients (pts) with HR+/HER2− locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had relapsed or progressed on previous endocrine therapy were enrolled. Eligible pts were randomized 2:1 to receive dalpiciclib (dalp; 150 mg po qd, d1-21, q4w) or placebo (PBO) with fulvestrant (fulv; 500 mg im, cycle 1 d1, d15, then d1 q4w). The primary endpoint was investigator (INV)-assessed PFS. As of Nov. 15, 2020, 162 (71.4% of total projected) events of disease progression or death had occurred and a preplanned interim analysis was done. The corresponding superiority boundary was 1-sided P = 0.0080 (Lan-DeMets [O’Brien-Fleming] boundary). Results: Overall, 361 pts were randomized to receive dalp-fulv (n = 241) or PBO-fulv (n = 120). With a median follow-up of 10.5 mo, dalp-fulv significantly improved INV-assessed PFS versus PBO-fulv (median, 15.7 [95% CI 11.1-NR] vs 7.2 [95% CI 5.6-9.2] mo; HR, 0.42 [95% CI 0.31-0.58]; P < 0.0001). PFS per IRC were consistent with INV assessment (Table). The benefit of dalpiciclib extended beyond initial study treatment based on time to first subsequent chemotherapy (TFSCT; HR, 0.47 [95% CI 0.32-0.69]; P < 0.0001). OS data were not mature with a total of 25 deaths documented. Median duration of exposure was 9.4 (IQR, 4.3-11.4) mo with dalpiciclib and 9.9 (4.7-11.9) mo with fulvestrant in the dalp-fulv group and was 6.1 (3.7-11.0) mo with fulvestrant in the PBO-fulv group. The most common (incidence ≥3%) grade 3 or 4 AEs with dalp-fulv were neutropenia (84.2%; vs 0% with PBO-fulv) and leukopenia (62.1%; vs 0%). Treatment discontinuation due to AE was reported for 2.5% of pts with dalp-fulv vs 3.3% with PBO-fulv. The incidence of SAE was 5.8% with dalp-fulv vs 6.7% with PBO-fulv. Conclusions: The study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating that dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant significantly improved PFS versus placebo plus fulvestrant, with a manageable safety profile. Our findings support dalpiciclib plus fulvestrant as a new treatment option in pts with HR+/HER2- ABC who relapsed or progressed on endocrine therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03927456 .[Table: see text]
Predicting response to chemotherapy in neuroblastoma using deep learning: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group.
Authors: Ramesh Siddhi , Michael Diana , Liu Liu , Feinberg Nicholas , Granger Meaghan , Naranjo Arlene , Cohn Susan Lerner , Volchenboum Samuel Louis , Mayampurath Anoop , Applebaum Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

10039 Background: Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scans are a radionucleotide imaging modality used to evaluate neuroblastoma stage at diagnosis and also determine disease response following therapy. Curie scoring is used to semi-quantitatively assess disease burden from an MIBG scan on a scale from none (0) to widespread throughout the body (30). While a Curie score ≤2 after six cycles of induction chemotherapy has been shown to be prognostic of outcome, there is no established correlation between diagnostic Curie score and outcome. Deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), have been shown to learn generalizable patterns within images for successful classification of metastases and detection of multiple adult cancers. We hypothesized a CNN could be developed to predict response to induction chemotherapy, a proxy for outcome, using diagnostic MIBG scans. Methods: DICOM MIBG scans and associated clinical data from a Children’s Oncology Group (COG) pilot study for children diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma (ANBL12P1; NCT1798004) were deidentified and linked to clinical data by the Pediatric Cancer Data Commons and obtained from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Data Commons. Patients were defined as having a poor response to induction chemotherapy if their Curie score after four cycles of induction chemotherapy was ≥2. An independent external validation cohort was comprised of 29 images from 26 high-risk patients treated at the University of Chicago with clinically-annotated diagnostic and post-cycle six induction DICOM MIBG scans. The CNN was trained using 2D whole body MIBG scans obtained at diagnosis. We developed the CNN using a transfer learning approach using the Xception architecture as the base layer. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using an 80%-20% train-validation strategy. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: Among 146 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma enrolled on ANBL12P1, 104 had available diagnostic and end-induction MIBG scans. There were no differences in clinical or biological characteristics between included and excluded patients. The base model CNN was able to predict which patients had a poor response to induction chemotherapy with an AUROC of 0.72 in the validation set from the ANBL12P1 cohort. Additionally, the CNN was able to predict patient response to therapy with an AUROC of 0.64 in an independent external dataset from University of Chicago. Conclusions: Our study suggests it is feasible to apply machine learning of diagnostic MIBG scans to predict response to chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Given these promising results, further work to improve AUROC and performance within larger datasets is ongoing.
Treatment-related side effects and views about dosage assessment to sustain quality of life: Results of an advocate-led survey of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
Authors: Loeser Anne L , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Burkard Mark E. , Kalinsky Kevin , Rugo Hope S. , Bardia Aditya 
Published: June 2021

1005 Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is generally incurable and the majority of patients with MBC will remain on treatment indefinitely. Patients usually begin each new treatment at the Recommended Starting Dose (RSD) on the FDA-approved label based on results from clinical trials. However, patients’ ability to tolerate the RSD in the real-world may differ from the clinical trial setting. While the importance of patient reported outcomes is recognized, understanding tolerability from the patient’s perspective is lacking and patients’ willingness to discuss individualized doses for MBC therapy has not been evaluated. Methods: Patient advocates from the Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative distributed a confidential online survey to patients with MBC via social media groups, organizational newsletters, and online support forums. The survey was developed by patients and medical oncologists to ascertain the prevalence and impact of patients’ treatment-related side effects, quality of patient-physician communication, management of side effects, and interest in alternative approaches to the RSD when a new treatment is initiated or adverse side effects are experienced. Results: 1,221 patients with MBC completed the survey within 15 days. The median number of lines of MBC therapy was 2.5 (range 1 - ≥5) and 46% (n = 564) of patients received their MBC diagnosis within two years of taking the survey. 86% (n = 1,051) reported experiencing at least one significant treatment-related side effect, and of these, 20% (n = 213) visited the Emergency Room/hospital and 43% (n = 454) missed at least one treatment. 98% (n = 1,026) of patients with side effects discussed them with their doctors and 82% (n = 838) were helped by their physicians. The most common (non-exclusive) mitigation strategies were dosage reductions (66%, n = 556) and prescription medications (59%, n = 494). Of the 556 patients given a dosage reduction, 83% (n = 459) reported feeling better. Notably, 92% (n = 1,127) of patients expressed willingness to discuss alternative dosing options with their physicians based upon their personal characteristics and individual preferences. Conclusions: Given that 86% of patients with MBC experienced at least one significant treatment-related side effect and 83% improved after dosage reduction, innovative dosage-related strategies are warranted to sustain Quality of Life. Patient-physician discussions in which the patient’s physical attributes and circumstances are periodically assessed may determine the right dose for the patient upon treatment initiation and afterwards, and the vast majority of patients would be receptive to such discussions.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel (A+nP) activity in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC): IMpassion130.
Authors: Emens Leisha A. , Goldstein Leonard D , Schmid Peter , Rugo Hope S. , Adams Sylvia , Barrios Carlos H. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Dieras Veronique , Iwata Hiroji , Chang Ching-Wei , Koeppen Hartmut , Chui Stephen Y. , Loi Sherene , Molinero Luciana 
Published: June 2021

1006 Background: IMpassion130 was the first randomized phase 3 study to show clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) in untreated PD-L1+ mTNBC. Enhanced A + nP efficacy vs placebo (P) + nP was seen in pts with a richer immune TME but was confined to PD-L1 IC+ pts (PD-L1–expressing immune cells on ≥1% of tumor area; Emens JNCI 2021). While TNBC molecular subtyping and CD8 localization are prognostic in early TNBC, it is unknown whether these features are associated with CIT benefit in mTNBC. This exploratory analysis aimed to identify TME components associated with A + nP efficacy in IMpassion130. Methods: IHC was used to assess PD-L1 status (VENTANA SP142) and immune phenotypes (inflamed/excluded/desert per CD8 stromal/intratumoral localization; Mariathasan Nature 2018). RNA-seq was used for molecular subtyping (Burstein CCR 2015) and pathway analyses (MSigDB Hallmark). Cox regression was used to compare PFS/OS between A + nP vs P + nP, adjusted for prior taxanes, liver mets. Results: Sample classification and PD-L1 distribution are shown (Table). Improved PFS with A + nP vs P + nP was seen in PD-L1 IC+ inflamed and excluded tumors, but improved OS was limited to PD-L1 IC+ inflamed tumors. PD-L1 IC+ basal-like immune activated (BLIA) and immune suppressed (BLIS) subgroups derived PFS benefit, but OS benefit was limited to PD-L1 IC+ BLIA subgroups. In PD-L1 IC+ pts, pathway analysis identified proliferation/DNA damage repair (basal-like tumor features) and angiogenesis/ER response (higher in luminal androgen receptor [LAR]/ mesenchymal [MES] tumors) were associated with improved and reduced PFS, respectively. Conclusions: PD-L1 IC+ immune-inflamed tumors and PD-L1 IC+ BLIA tumors show highest CIT sensitivity, and LAR tumors may be resistant to CIT. These data warrant further study and validation. Clinical trial information: NCT02425891 .[Table: see text]