bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal intubation with or without a neuromuscular blocking agent for a short surgical procedure in children: Prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial
Authors: Park Sujung , Kim Ji‐Ho , Bae Jae Chan , Lee Jeong‐Rim , Kim Min‐Soo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a neuromuscular blocking agent during induction of anesthesia is the standard of care in adults, some pediatric anesthesiologists remain concerned about their use for several reasons. Therefore, propofol and short‐acting opioids with a moderate concentration of sevoflurane have been used as alternatives to a neuromuscular blocking agent.AimsThis study compared propofol, alfentanil, and rocuronium to determine the optimal anesthetic agent for intubation conditions as well as emergence in a short pediatric procedure.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, double‐blind study, 114 pediatric patients, aged 1–9 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either propofol 2 mg kg−1 (propofol group), alfentanil 14 mcg kg−1 (alfentanil group), or rocuronium 0.3 mg kg−1 (rocuronium group). The primary outcome was intubating conditions, which were evaluated 90 s after test drug administration. Vital signs were recorded during the intubation period. Complications during and after emergence, time to recovery, airway‐related complications, and severity of emergence agitation were recorded.ResultsCompared with the propofol group (60%), significantly more excellent intubating conditions were observed in the alfentanil group (97%, percent difference −37, 95% confidence interval (CI) −54.4‐−21.0, p < .001) and the rocuronium group (87%, percent difference −27, 95% CI −46.5‐−8.2, p = .041). Hemodynamic responses were different between the rocuronium and alfentanil groups, although the incidence of adverse events was not different among the three groups. The emergence duration was only statistically different between the rocuronium group [9.9 ± 3.2 min] and the propofol group [11.7 ± 2.2 min] (difference 95% CI 0.667‐3.583, p = .001), while that of the alfentanil group [10.9 ± 2.4 min] was comparable with the other groups.ConclusionsBoth 0.3 mg kg−1 rocuronium and 14 µg kg−1 alfentanil are superior adjuncts for tracheal intubation in children undergoing frenulectomy in comparison with 2 mg kg−1 propofol. Hemodynamic adverse events and recovery profiles were comparable among the three groups.
Factors differentiating panic disorder with and without comorbid symptoms of depression
Authors: Barrio‐Martínez Sara , Cano‐Vindel Antonio , Muñoz‐Navarro Roger , Moriana Juan Antonio , Ruíz‐Rodríguez Paloma , Medrano Leonardo Adrián , Ventura Ludovica , González‐Blanch César 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and clinical differences between people with a probable diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) and those with PD and a probable comorbid diagnosis major depressive disorder (PD + MDD). We also sought to explore the potential contribution of cognitive variables to help differentiate between PD and PD + MDD. This was a subgroup analysis of 331 patients with PD symptoms who were included in the PsicAP clinical trial. All participants completed scales to evaluate panic, depression, somatization, cognitive and performance variables. A univariate analysis showed significant differences (p < .01) between the groups (PD vs PD + MDD) in clinical variables. Somatization was the best predictor of comorbid PD + MDD (β = .346; p < .01). Cognitive variables do not appear to play an essential role in predicting the presence of depressive symptoms in people with a screen positive for PD. These findings appear to support a transdiagnostic treatment approach for PD, which may be useful regardless of whether comorbid depression is present or not.Practitioner points

Somatic symptoms were associated with a higher probability of be in the PD + MDD group.

Cognitive variables do not play a relevant role in the differentiation of both groups.

A transdiagnostic approach can be useful for the treatment of PD or PD + MDD group.
Transcriptome analysis of rice response to blast fungus identified core genes involved in immunity
Authors: Yang Dewei , Li Shengping , Xiao Yueping , Lu Ling , Zheng Zichao , Tang Dingzhong , Cui Haitao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRice blast disease caused by the filamentous Ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a major threat to rice production worldwide. The mechanisms underlying rice resistance to M. oryzae, such as transcriptional reprogramming and signalling networks, remain elusive. In this study, we carried out an in‐depth comparative transcriptome study on the susceptible and resistant rice cultivars in response to M. oryzae. Our analysis highlighted that rapid, high‐amplitude transcriptional reprogramming was important for rice defence against blast fungus. Ribosome‐ and protein translation‐related genes were significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 hpi in both cultivars, indicating that the protein translation machinery is regulated in the activation of immunity in rice. Furthermore, we identified a core set of genes that are involved in the rice response to both biotic and abiotic stress. More importantly, among the core genes, we demonstrated that the metallothionein OsMT1a and OsMT1b genes positively regulated rice resistance while a peroxidase gene Perox4 negatively regulated rice resistance to M. oryzae. Our study provides novel insight into transcriptional reprogramming and serves as a valuable resource for functional studies on rice immune signalling components in resistance to blast disease.
Law and Coercion: Some Clarification
Authors: Miotto Lucas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe relationship between law and coercion has been, and still is, a central topic in legal philosophy. Despite this, discussion about it is immersed in confusion. Some philosophers have noticed this, but hardly any work has been done to attempt to solve or even identify the confusions. This paper aims to fill this gap. Here I propose distinctions and qualifications that help us clarify the relationship between law and coercion and avoid confusion. Building on the clarificatory work, I then argue that despite there being several distinct philosophical discussions about the relationship between law and coercion, one of them should be prioritised.
The Causal Mechanism Theory of Legal Causation
Authors: Bach‐y‐Rita Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheories of legal causation that identify the concept with probability‐raising generate false positives where the defendant's conduct raises the probability of harm but brings about that harm in the wrong kind of way. Moreover, what the law seeks to deter is not conduct that raises the probability of harm, but rather conduct that is dangerous. A legal or proximate cause is one that harms the plaintiff through the causal mechanism that sustains the lawful generalization that the defendant's conduct was dangerous.
European “Freedoms”: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Audard Catherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFaced with the present migrant crisis and the dismal record of Europe in protecting vulnerable refugees’ and migrants’ rights, what could be the view of the moral philosopher? The contrast between the principles enshrined in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the reality of present policies is shocking, but more scrutiny will show that it is the result of a larger trend towards an understanding of freedom mostly in economic terms, at a time when economists such as Amartya Sen have revised their approach to economic growth and prosperity, noting the central role played by a much richer conception of freedom. The paper will scrutinize these inconsistencies and the conception of the person from which they derive and will provide an alternative and more coherent moral vision that could strengthen the legitimacy of the European Charter, at a time of growing dissatisfaction and so‐called democratic deficit. Such a vision could help reconnect the Charter with a conception of the human person as in need not solely of passive legal protection, but also of active promotion of her self‐respect and capabilities, and of her aspiration to a valuable life.
Interspecies cell fusion between mouse embryonic stem cell and porcine pluripotent cell
Authors: Bou Gerelchimeg , Guo Jia , Fang Yuan , Li Xuechun , Wei Renyue , Li Yan , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the area of stem cell research, fusion of somatic cells into pluripotent cells such as mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induces reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and can be used to study the effect of trans‐acting factors from the pluripotent cell on the pluripotent state of somatic nucleus. As many other groups, we previously established a porcine pluripotent cell line at a low potential. Therefore, here, we performed experiments to investigate if the fusion with mouse ES cell could improve the pluripotent state of porcine pluripotent cell. Our data showed that resultant mouse–porcine interspecies fused cells are AP positive, and could be passaged up to 20 passages. Different degrees of increases in expression of porcine pluripotent genes proved that pig‐origin gene network can be programmed by mouse ES. Further differentiation study also confirmed these fused cells’ potential to form three germ layers. However, unexpectedly, we found that chromosome loss and aberrant (especially in porcine chromosomes) is severe after the cell fusion, implying that interspecies cell fusion may be not suitable to study porcine pluripotency without additional supportive conditions for genome stabilization.
Digging deep: a revised phylogeny of Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae, Geoscapheinae) confirms extensive nonmonophyly and provides insights into biogeography and evolution of burrowing
Authors: Beasley‐Hall Perry G. , Rose Harley A. , Walker James , Kinjo Yukihiro , Bourguignon Thomas , Lo Nathan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSoil‐burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae) are large insects endemic to Australia. Originally thought to represent a monophyletic group, these enigmatic species have in fact evolved burrowing behaviour, associated fossorial morphological modifications, and dietary transitions to dry leaf litter feeding multiple times from the wood‐feeding Panesthiinae in a striking example of parallel evolution. However, various relationships within these two subfamilies remain unresolved or poorly understood, notably the apparent paraphyly of Panesthiinae with respect to Geoscapheinae, the position and diversification of certain species within major clades, and several aspects of the overall group's biogeography and morphological evolution. Here, we investigate the phylogeny of Australian members of these two subfamilies using whole mitochondrial genomes paired with nuclear ribosomal markers and highly conserved genes from the bacterial endosymbiont Blattabacterium. Using the resulting robust, fossil‐calibrated phylogeny from these three sources we confirm the nonmonophyly of both subfamilies and recover Geoscapheinae as polyphyletic within a paraphyletic Panesthiinae. The nonmonophyly of natural groups, at all levels from subfamily to species, has been driven by repeated, independent acquisitions of burrowing forms in Geoscapheinae from panesthiine ancestors that colonized the continent on two separate occasions during the Miocene. We additionally find morphological variation within Geoscapheinae itself is correlated with species distributions. Older soil‐burrowing clades living in comparatively arid environments have additional morphological reductions beyond obvious fossorial adaptations compared to those in younger burrowing clades from more temperate habitats. Ultimately, the results presented here demonstrate connections among phylogeny, biogeography and morphology throughout Australian representatives of these two subfamilies, factors that could not be previously consolidated using existing phylogenetic frameworks. Given the discordance between molecular data implemented here and the existing taxonomic classification, we find no support for retaining Geoscapheinae as a discrete taxonomic grouping. In closing, we discuss the taxonomic implications of these results and present a roadmap for future research on Geoscapheinae and their panesthiine relatives.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of toxoplasmosis among transplant recipients at two US academic medical centers
Authors: Adekunle Ruth O. , Sherman Amy , Spicer Jennifer O. , Messina Julia A. , Steinbrink Julie M. , Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Lyon George Marshall , Mehta Aneesh K. , Phadke Varun K. , Woodworth Michael H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractToxoplasma gondiican cause severe opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, but diagnosis is often delayed. We conducted a retrospective review of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with toxoplasmosis between 2002 and 2018 at two large US academic transplant centers. Patients were identified by ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 toxoplasmosis codes, positiveToxoplasmapolymerase chain reaction test result, or pathologic diagnosis. Data were collected regarding transplant type, time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis, clinical and radiographic features, and mortality at 30 and 90 days. Twenty patients were identified: 10 HSCT recipients (80% allogeneic HSCT) and 10 SOT recipients (60% deceased donor renal transplants). Rejection among SOT recipients (70%) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis among HSCT recipients (50%) were frequent. Median time from transplant to toxoplasmosis diagnosis was longer for SOT than HSCT (1385 vs. 5 days,P‐value .002). Clinical manifestations most commonly were encephalitis (65%), respiratory failure (40%), renal failure (40%), and distributive shock (40%). Cohort 30‐day mortality was 45%, and 90‐day mortality was 55%. Diagnosis was postmortem in 25% of the cohort. Further evaluation of toxoplasmosis screening is needed for noncardiac SOT recipients, HSCT recipients with GVHD, and periods of increased net immunosuppression.
Outcomes of COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A matched cohort study
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Arcasoy Selim , Farr Maryjane A. , Mohan Sumit , Emond Jean C. , Tsapepas Demetra S. , Shi Qiuhu , Purpura Lawrence , Uhlemann Anne‐Catrin , Zucker Jason , Verna Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhether solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of poor outcomes due to COVID‐19 in comparison to the general population remains uncertain. In this study, we compared outcomes of SOT recipients and non‐SOT patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in a propensity score matched analysis based on age, race, ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension. After propensity matching, 117 SOT recipients and 350 non‐SOT patients were evaluated. The median age of SOT recipients was 61 years, with a median time from transplant of 5.68 years. The most common transplanted organs were kidney (48%), followed by lung (21%), heart (19%), and liver (10%). Overall, SOT recipients were more likely to receive COVID‐19 specific therapies and to require ICU admission. However, mortality (23.08% in SOT recipients vs. 23.14% in controls, P = .21) and highest level of supplemental oxygen (P = .32) required during hospitalization did not significantly differ between groups. In this propensity matched cohort study, SOT recipients hospitalized with COVID‐19 had similar overall outcomes as non‐SOT recipients, suggesting that chronic immunosuppression may not be an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID‐19.
Genomic analyses provide comprehensive insights into the domestication of bast fiber crop ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
Authors: Wang Yanzhou , Li Fu , He Qiaoyun , Bao Zhigui , Zeng Zheng , An Dong , Zhang Ting , Yan Li , Wang Hengyun , Zhu Siyuan , Liu Touming 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYRamie (Boehmeria nivea) is an economically important natural fiber‐producing crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years in China; however, the evolution of this crop remains largely unknown. Here, we report a ramie domestication analysis based on genome assembly and resequencing of cultivated and wild accessions. Two chromosome‐level genomes representing wild and cultivated ramie were assembled de novo. Numerous structural variations between two assemblies, together with the genetic variations from population resequencing, constituted a comprehensive genomic variation map for ramie. Domestication analysis identified 71 high‐confidence selective sweeps comprising 320 predicted genes, and 29 genes from sweeps were associated with fiber growth in the expression. In addition, we identified seven genetic loci associated with the fiber yield trait in the segregated population derived from the crossing of two assembled accessions, and two of which showed an overlap with the selective sweeps. These findings indicated that bast fiber traits were focused on during the domestication history of ramie. This study sheds light on the domestication of ramie and provides a valuable resource for biological and breeding studies of this important crop.
AtNUF2 modulates spindle microtubule organization and chromosome segregation during mitosis
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Yutao , Zou Wenxuan , Jian Liufang , Fu Ying , Zhao Jie 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYThe NDC80 complex is a conserved eukaryotic complex composed of four subunits (NUF2, SPC25, NDC80, and SPC24). In yeast and animal cells, the complex is located at the outer layer of the kinetochore, connecting the inner layer of the kinetochore and spindle microtubules (MTs) during cell division. In higher plants, the relationship of the NDC80 complex with MTs is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the biological function of AtNUF2, a subunit of the Arabidopsis NDC80 complex. We found that AtNUF2 is widely expressed in various organs, especially in different stages of embryonic development. It was verified that AtNUF2 co‐localized with α‐tubulin on MTs during mitosis by immunohistochemical assays. Mutation of AtNUF2 led to severe mitotic defects, not only in the embryo and endosperm, but also in seedlings, resulting in seed abortion and stagnating seedling growth. Furthermore, the biological function of AtNUF2 was studied using partially complemented nuf2‐3/‐DD45;ABI3pro::AtNUF2 (nuf2‐3/‐DA) seedlings. The chromosome bridge and lagging chromatids occurred in nuf2‐3/‐DA root apical meristem cells, along with aberration of spindle MTs, resulting in blocked root growth. Meanwhile, the direct binding of AtNUF2 and AtSPC25 to MTs was determined by an MT co‐sedimentation assay in vitro. This study revealed the function of AtNUF2 in mitosis and the underlying mechanisms, modulating spindle MT organization and ensuring chromosome segregation during embryo, endosperm, and root development, laying the foundation for subsequent research of the NDC80 complex.
Experiences and needs of families with a relative admitted to an adult intensive care unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Kynoch Kathryn , Ramis Mary-Anne , McArdle Annie 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review was to synthesize research studies that reported on the experiences and needs of families with a relative in an adult intensive care unit.

Introduction:
Having a relative in an intensive care unit has been reported to be a time of turmoil, stress, and disruption to the lives of family members. Primary research studies suggest such a crisis or even a planned intensive care unit admission can have not only emotional, physical, and psychological impact, but can also affect family member roles and function. A deeper understanding of the overall experience may assist intensive care unit staff to address specific family needs.

Inclusion criteria:
This review included qualitative studies of any design that described and explored the experiences and needs of family members with a relative admitted to an adult intensive care unit.

Methods:
The methods for the review followed the JBI meta-aggregation approach for synthesizing qualitative data. MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Embase (Embase.com) and Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics) databases were searched for published studies. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (Ovid) was searched for unpublished studies. Studies published from 2010 to November 2019 in the English language were selected for possible inclusion in the review.

Results:
From 7208 citations, 20 studies were agreed upon for inclusion in the review. From these studies, 112 findings were extracted and synthesized into 12 categories. Four synthesized findings were compiled by aggregating the categories. Broadly, these synthesized findings related to: psychosocial health, proximity, information needs, and the intensive care unit environment.

Conclusions:
Being a relative of a patient in an intensive care unit is a complex, emotional, and individual experience that can have physical, psychological, and emotional impact. The synthesized findings from this review can be used to support family-centered care practices in adult intensive care units, particularly in regard to information provision, visiting practices, and supportive care.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42016053300
Methodological variations in studies reporting normative data for binocular vision parameters: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nandagopal Pooja , Srinivasan Krithica , Bhat Jayasheela R. , Thasmia  
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the methodological variations and population characteristics of the studies that report normative data for accommodation and vergence parameters.

Introduction:
Accommodation and vergence are the two important parameters required for normal binocular vision. The presence of accommodation and vergence anomalies impairs the quality of life of an individual by interfering with their daily visual activities. Diagnosis of accommodative and vergence anomalies requires a series of test procedures. The test procedure or the tool used could influence the outcome measured. Different study designs and methods have been used to estimate the normative data; therefore, we aim to explore the variation in terms of population characteristics and methods used to measure accommodative and vergence parameters.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will include published literature that assesses normative function of various binocular vision parameters with a focus on mapping the methodological differences.

Methodology:
JBI methodological framework for scoping reviews will be followed. The review will also be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Three-phase searches for identifying relevant articles will be conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online, LILACS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar. The review undertakes two stages of screening: i) title/abstract screening and ii) full-text screening. The data will be extracted from the retrieved full text. The results will be tabulated and summarized descriptively.