bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving sustainable development goals through agritourism in Algeria
Authors: Ait-Yahia Ghidouche Kamila , Nechoud Lamia , Ghidouche Faouzi 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the concept of agritourism and how its development and promotion can contribute to the achievement of a number of sustainable development objectives, including those related to reducing inequalities, fighting poverty, sustainable consumption and production and ensuring food security.

Design/methodology/approach
Professionals and experts in the fields of agriculture, aquaculture and tourism were interviewed to better understand the challenges of agritourism and how it could contribute to the achievement of sustainable development objectives in mountainous and arid regions.

Findings
The results highlight the environmental, economic and social benefits that can be derived from the practice of agritourism and how this can be a distinguishing feature for a country in which conventional tourism is struggling to develop. participation in farm life for various activities is a key element of any agritourism activity. The results also confirmed the various benefits of the practice, both for farmers and tourists and that it contributed directly to the achievement of certain objectives such as poverty alleviation, reduction of inequalities, food security and preservation of water resources.

Research limitations/implications
This research has certain limitations, the first being the fact that it is a qualitative study and the results cannot be extrapolated; second, it only took into account the point of view of a certain category of people, namely, experts and tourism professionals.

Originality/value
New elements were also identified, in particular, concerning certain perceived risks related to the practice of agritourism such as bio-piracy or damage to national heritage, as well as the appropriation and use of ancestral practices for commercial purposes by other countries.
Gamma4: a genetically versatile Gammaproteobacterial nifH phylotype that is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Cheung Shunyan , Zehr Jonathan P. , Xia Xiaomin , Tsurumoto Chihiro , Endo Hisashi , Nakaoka Shin‐ichiro , Mak Wingkwan , Suzuki Koji , Liu Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDespite the increasing reports of non‐cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) in pelagic waters, only one NCD (GammaA) has been relatively well described, whose genome and physiology are still unclear. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the biogeography and ecophysiology of a widely distributed NCD, Gamma4. Gamma4 was the most abundant Gammaproteobacterial NCD along transects across the subtropical North Pacific. Using quantitative PCR, Gamma4 was detectable throughout the surface waters of North Pacific (7°N–55°N, 138°E–80°W), whereas GammaA was detected at <2/3 of the stations. Gamma4 was abundant during autumn‐winter and positively correlated with chlorophyll a, while GammaA thrived during spring‐summer and was positively correlated with temperature. Environmental clones affiliated with Gamma4 were widely detected in pelagic waters, oxygen minimum zones and even dinoflagellate microbiomes. By analysing the metabolic potential of a genome of Gamma4 reconstructed from the Tara Oceans dataset, we suggest that Gamma4 is a versatile heterotrophic NCD equipped with multiple strategies in scavenging phosphate (and iron) and for respiratory protection of nitrogenase. The transcription of nitrogenase genes is putatively regulated by Fnr‐NifL‐NifA and GlnD‐GlnK systems that respond to intracellular oxygen and glutamate concentration. These results provide important implications for the potential life strategies of pelagic NCDs.
Abuse of Rights in English Contract Law: Hidden in Plain Sight?
Authors: Rowan Solène 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article argues that the fetters on the exercise of unilateral contractual discretionary powers that were defined in Braganza v BP Shipping Ltd and the limits on damages clauses as redefined in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi are imposed to prevent the abuse of contractual rights or freedoms and this is suggestive that a broader principle against the abuse of rights might be at work in English contract law. Whilst English law has traditionally been understood as rejecting a free‐standing and general doctrine of abuse of rights, the article explains why this should not be regarded as an obstacle to the proposed analysis. In both the context of contractual discretion and damages clauses, the central importance of abuse is evident from the tests that are applied, the factors that the authorities tell us are relevant to their application and both the high bar for the court to intervene and the flexibility of the relevant standards, which filter out only the most egregious and inadmissible cases.
Overseas immigration of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), invading Korea and Japan in 2019
Authors: Wu Ming‐Fei , Qi Guo‐Jun , Chen Hui , Ma Jian , Liu Jie , Jiang Yu‐Ying , Lee Gwan‐Seok , Otuka Akira , Hu Gao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), spread rapidly in Africa and Asia recently, causing huge economic losses in crop production. Fall armyworm caterpillars were first detected in South Korea and Japan in June 2019. Here, the migration timing and path for FAW into the countries were estimated by a trajectory simulation approach implementing the insect's flight behavior. The result showed that FAWs found in both South Korea and Japan were estimated to have come from eastern China by crossing the Yellow Sea or the East China Sea in 10–36 h in three series of migrations. In the first series, FAW moths that arrived on Jeju Island during 22–24 May were estimated to be from Zhejiang, Anhui and Fujian Provinces after 1–2 nights’ flights. In the second series, it was estimated that FAW moths landed in southern Korea and Kyushu region of Japan simultaneously or successively during 5–9 June, and these moths mostly came from Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. The FAW moths in the third series were estimated to have immigrated from Taiwan Province onto Okinawa Islands during 19–24 June. During these migrations, southwesterly low‐level jets extending from eastern China to southern Korea and/or Japan were observed in the northwestern periphery of the western Pacific Subtropical High. These results, for the first time, suggested that the overseas FAW immigrants invading Korea and Japan came from eastern and southern China. This study is helpful for future monitoring, early warning and the source control of this pest in the two countries.
Authoritarian exclusion and laissez‐faire inclusion: Comparing the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway*
Authors: Ievins Alice , Mjåland Kristian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComparative penologists have described neoliberal and social democratic jurisdictions as though they exist at opposite ends of a continuum of inclusion and exclusion, and as though neoliberal states are inactive and social democratic states are invasive. This article, which is based on more than 129 interviews with men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway, uses Cohen's work on inclusion and McNeill's typology of rehabilitative forms to complicate this simplistic binary. It argues that the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales was demanding but exclusionary; it imposed strict legal restrictions on these men during and after their imprisonment, blocking them from engaging in social and moral rehabilitation and providing a limited and treacherous route to change. In Norway, punishment operated in a way that was formally inclusionary but surprisingly laissez‐faire: Prisoners retained their legal rights during and after their incarceration, but the lack of opportunities to discuss their offending meant that their sentences were rarely experienced as meaningful, and their formal inclusion was not enough for them to feel substantially included after release.
Artificial intelligence in clinical decision support and outcome prediction – applications in stroke
Authors: Yeo Melissa , Kok Hong Kuan , Kutaiba Numan , Maingard Julian , Thijs Vincent , Tahayori Bahman , Russell Jeremy , Jhamb Ashu , Chandra Ronil V. , Brooks Mark , Barras Christen D. , Asadi Hamed 
Published: May 2021

SummaryArtificial intelligence (AI) is making a profound impact in healthcare, with the number of AI applications in medicine increasing substantially over the past five years. In acute stroke, it is playing an increasingly important role in clinical decision‐making. Contemporary advances have increased the amount of information – both clinical and radiological – which clinicians must consider when managing patients. In the time‐critical setting of acute stroke, AI offers the tools to rapidly evaluate and consolidate available information, extracting specific predictions from rich, noisy data. It has been applied to the automatic detection of stroke lesions on imaging and can guide treatment decisions through the prediction of tissue outcomes and long‐term functional outcomes. This review examines the current state of AI applications in stroke, exploring their potential to reform stroke care through clinical decision support, as well as the challenges and limitations which must be addressed to facilitate their acceptance and adoption for clinical use.
Do Foreign Component Auditors Harm Financial Reporting Quality? A Subsidiary‐Level Analysis of Foreign Component Auditor Use*
Authors: Docimo William M. , Gunn Joshua L. , Li Chan , Michas Paul N. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe hypothesize and find that financial reporting quality at the foreign subsidiaries of US multinational companies (MNCs) is higher when the MNC's principal auditor engages a component auditor to audit the foreign subsidiary on its behalf. An important innovation of this study is that we focus on comparing the financial reporting quality of equivalent subsidiaries with and without component auditor work. Our approach contrasts with extant studies that examine the consequences of variation in the total amount of component auditor work at the MNC level. Our results are important for two reasons. First, we provide an alternative view on the consequences of component auditor use compared to the emerging literature in this area, which typically finds a negative association between the extent of component auditor use and financial reporting quality at the MNC level. Thus, we show that a different research design, conducted at the level at which component auditors actually perform their work, yields different inferences. Second, we demonstrate that using component auditors on US MNC group audits is an avenue through which US auditing institutions can affect financial reporting quality in foreign locations. We also reconcile our subsidiary‐level results to the MNC level by introducing a new MNC‐level component auditor “coverage” variable. Overall, we highlight that the best way to audit a foreign subsidiary is likely to be with a component auditor in the local country, which informs the debate surrounding recently proposed PCAOB guidance.
Role of color flow Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of acute scrotal pain
Authors: Gupta Akshya , Dogra Vikram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColor flow Doppler ultrasound is a critical tool in the assessment of the scrotum. Ultrasound is the first‐line imaging modality and can rapidly differentiate between surgical and nonsurgical conditions, allowing for appropriate and prompt patient management. We review the role of color flow Doppler in the evaluation of acute scrotal pain, highlighting some of the most commonly seen pathologies such as epididymo‐orchitis and testicular torsion.
Sex and age differences in lower urinary tract dysfunction in healthy children
Authors: Salö Martin , Nejstgaard Malin Carvahlo , Hambraeus Mette , Graneli Christina , Börjesson Anna , Hagelsteen Kristine , Stenström Pernilla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimInformation about healthy children's urinary tract symptoms is scarce but would be helpful in children with congenital urinary tract conditions. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD) questionnaire.MethodsA 15‐item questionnaire based on definitions by the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) about urinary tract function, was given to children 4–15 years old with no gastrointestinal or urinary tract conditions. The study was approved ethically.ResultsThe response rate was 82% (311/377), 50% (n = 155) were girls. Children were of the age groups 3.5–7 years (n = 136), 8–12 years (n = 127), and 13–15 years (n = 48). More girls than boys reported urinary tract infections (20% vs 3%, p < 0.001), while prevalences of incontinence and enuresis were equivalent in both sexes. In the youngest age group, enuresis was the most frequently reported symptom (11%), then daytime incontinence (10%). The older children more frequently reported previous urinary tract infections (12% and 17% in respective groups) and daytime incontinence (9% and 6%, respectively).ConclusionA LUTD questionnaire is developed and evaluated within this study. Daytime urinary incontinence is the overall most common lower urinary tract symptom and girls report infections more frequently than boys.
Oral health: Epidemiology and concordance in Australian children and parents
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Clifford Susan , Lange Katherine , Mangoyana Clare , Ford Pauline , Wake Melissa , Lalloo Ratilal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudying parent‐child pair health provides the opportunity to identify risk factors and opportunities for oral health prevention and intervention focusing on the family context. The aim of this study was to describe the oral health of children aged 11‐12 years and their parents in a national sample of parent‐child dyads in Australia.MethodsThe Child Health CheckPoint is a study of 11 to 12‐year‐old children and one parent nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a nationally representative cohort study. In 2015‐16, the study collected two‐dimensional photographic intra‐oral images and was scored using visual assessments of the teeth, oral hygiene and malocclusion.ResultsOf the 1874 CheckPoint families, 1396 biological parent‐child pairs had at least one oral health measure recorded. Over two‐thirds of children had moderate to severe gingival inflammation (69.7%, 95%CI 64.7‐74.9). Parents had a lower proportion of poor oral hygiene (2.1%, 95% CI 1.4‐3.0) than children (13.0%, 95% CI 11.3‐14.9). High concordance was seen in the Modified Gingival Index correlation coefficient 0.49 (95%CI 0.44‐0.53).ConclusionThe high concordance in gingival health between child‐parent pairs supports the familial and behavioural links established in previous studies. Children had poorer oral hygiene but fewer visible dental caries lesions than their parents. As dental caries is a chronic and cumulative disease, preventive interventions targeting children's oral hygiene are needed.
Novel STAT-3 gain-of-function variant with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infection phenotype
Authors: Erdős Melinda , Tsumura Miyuki , Kállai Judit , Lányi Árpád , Nyul Zoltán , Balázs György , Okada Satoshi , Maródi László 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) gain-of-function (GOF) syndrome is an early-onset monogenic inborn error of immunity characterized by multi-organ autoimmune disorders, growth failure and lymphoproliferation. We describe that STAT-3 GOF syndrome may be presented with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In addition, the patient had lymphoproliferation, short stature and interstitial lung disease. Chest computerized tomography examinations showed mild bronchiectasis with areas of non-fibrosing alveolar-interstitial disease and maldevelopment of bilateral first ribs. Using Sanger sequencing, we revealed a novel c.508G&gt;C, p.D170H STAT-3 variant affecting the coiled coil domain of STAT-3. Functional studies confirmed that p.D170H was a GOF variant, as shown by increased phosphorylated STAT-3 (pSTAT-3) and STAT-3 transcriptional activity. Our observation suggests that STAT-3 GOF syndrome can manifest in early childhood with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent severe respiratory tract infections. We suggest that patients with lymphoproliferation, hypogammaglobulinemia and severe recurrent infections should be screened for STAT-3 variants, even if autoimmune manifestations are missing.
Strategies for engaging policy stakeholders to translate research knowledge into practice more effectively: Lessons learned from the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation project
Authors: Vallance Kate , Stockwell Tim , Wettlaufer Ashley , Giesbrecht Norman , Chow Clifton , Card Kiffer G. , Farrell‐Low Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based alcohol policies have the potential to reduce a wide range of related harms. Yet, barriers to adoption and implementation within governments often exist. Engaging relevant stakeholders may be an effective way to identify and address potential challenges thereby increasing reach and uptake of policy evaluation research and strengthening jurisdictional responses to alcohol harms.MethodsAs part of the 2019 Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation project, we conducted interviews with government stakeholders across alcohol‐related sectors prior to a second round of researcher‐led policy assessments in Canada's 13 provinces and territories. Stakeholders were asked for feedback on the design and impact of an earlier policy assessment in 2013 and for recommendations to improve the design and dissemination strategy for the next iteration. Content analysis was used to identify ways of improving stakeholder engagement.ResultsWe interviewed 25 stakeholders across 12 of Canada's 13 jurisdictions, including representatives from government health ministries and from alcohol regulation, distribution and finance departments. In providing feedback on our stakeholder engagement strategy, participants highlighted the importance of maintaining ongoing contact; presenting results in accessible online formats; providing advance notice of results; and offering jurisdiction‐specific webinars.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study offers important insight into the engagement preferences of government stakeholders involved in the health, regulation, distribution and financial aspects of alcohol control policy. Findings suggest that seeking input from stakeholders as part of conducting evaluation research is warranted; increasing the relevance, reach and uptake of results. Specific stakeholder engagement strategies are outlined.
Time to integrate oral health screening into medicine? A survey of primary care providers of older adults and an evidence‐based rationale for integration
Authors: Vernon Lance T. , Teng Kathryn A. , Kaelber David C. , Heintschel Gregory P. , Nelson Suchitra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePrimary care providers were assessed regarding their training and interest to screen oral conditions in patients ≥55 years old.BackgroundOral health (OH) is an essential component of overall health and can affect systemic health. Medical/dental integration in older adults is underdeveloped.MethodsA brief survey assessed primary care providers' self‐reported skills, practices and barriers towards integrating OH screening into adult primary care. Data were collected using Survey Monkey®. Respondents were physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) working at a large mid‐western safety‐net hospital. Descriptive statistics, T‐tests and Chi‐squared tests were reported.ResultsEighty‐two of 202 participants (41%) completed the survey. Most respondents were female (75%). A majority were physicians (68%); the remainder APPs. All providers (100%) reported OH was important or extremely important to overall health. More physicians (93%) reported not being well‐trained to address adult OH issues and perceived less medical‐oral health integration in their practice (16%) compared to APPs (P < .05). Time was more of a barrier with APPs (74%), compared to physicians (51%), to integrate OH screening activities (P < .05). Most providers reported other barriers such as inadequate OH training and insurance coverage. Providers endorsed that OH should be assessed frequently (56%) including providing referrals to dentists (77%) and educating patients on oral‐systemic issues (63%). More female than male providers endorsed dental referrals and educating patients (P < .05).ConclusionPrimary care providers embraced greater medical/dental integration for older adults. Instituting OH activities appears to be supported. Future interventions that are feasible in primary care settings are examined.
Chemical composition and calorific value of elephant grass varieties and other feedstocks intended for direct combustion
Authors: Marafon Anderson Carlos , Amaral André Felipe Câmara , Machado Juarez Campolina , Carneiro Jailton da Costa , Bierhals Adriana Neutzling , Guimarães Victor dos Santos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerennial grasses display several positive attributes as suitable energy crops for use as a solid fuel for direct combustion, such as high annual production of dry matter per unit area, perennity and high harvest flexibility. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and calorific value of 18 elephant grass (EG) varieties (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and 10 other potential bioenergy feedstocks intended for direct combustion. Samples were obtained from 6‐month‐old EG and sorghum and 3‐year‐old eucalyptus, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, and bamboo plants. Sugarcane bagasse and straw, rice husk, corn stover, coconut husk, and fiber samples were also evaluated. The elemental composition, lower heating value (LHV), and cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HCEL), lignin (LIG) and ash contents (% dry matter) were analyzed. The results indicated that the EG genotypes showed significant differences when compared with other evaluated biomasses, but showed no differences among themselves. The EG varieties showed a mean LHV (16.7 MJ/kg) superior to that of rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, and sorghum and similar to that of sugarcane straw, coconut fiber, and corn stover. The EG varieties showed a mean ash content (4.74%) inferior to that of rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, coconut fiber, and sorghum; a mean CEL content (36.0%) similar to that of sugarcane straw, coconut fiber, corn stover, sorghum, and Mimosa caesalpinifolia; HCEL; a mean HCEL content (30.3%) superior to that of rice husk, bamboo, eucalyptus, M. caesalpinifolia, coconut husk, and fiber; and a mean LIG content (8.80%) superior to that of corn stover and similar to that of sorghum, sugarcane bagasse, and straw biomass. The significant capacity of EG to accumulate dry matter was associated with the biomass quality attributes (LHV and CEL, HCEL, LIG, and ash contents), thereby making it an excellent alternative to lignocellulosic feedstock for direct combustion.