bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in CrossFit Practitioners before and during the COVID-19 Quarantine and its Relationship with Training Level: An Observational Study
Authors: Araujo Maita Poli de , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Ejnisman Benno , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To compare the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) before and during the COVID-19 quarantine in CrossFit women and their relationship with training level.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 197 women practicing CrossFit. The inclusion criteria were nulliparous women, between 18 and 45 years old, who had trained, before quarantine, in accredited gyms. The exclusion criteria were not following the COVID-19 prevention protocols and having UI on other occasions than just sport. An online questionnaire was emailed containing questions about frequency, duration, and intensity of training and data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were invited to answer whether they were infected with COVID-19 and what treatment/recommendation they have followed. Whether UI stopped among participants, they were asked about the possible reasons why this happened. The training intensity was categorized as “the same,” “decreased” or “increased.”
Results The mean age of the participants was 32 years old and most (98.5%) could practice CrossFit during the pandemic. There was a decrease in training intensity in 64% of the respondents. Exercises with their own body weight, such as air squat (98.2%), were the most performed. Urinary incontinence was reported by 32% of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic, and by only 14% of them during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32 [0.19–0.53]; p < 0.01; univariate analysis). Practitioners reported that the reason possibly related to UI improvement was the reduction of training intensity and not performing doubleunder exercise.
Conclusion The reduction in the intensity of CrossFit training during the COVID-19 quarantine decreased the prevalence of UI among female athletes.
Case Series of Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy from Southern India
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Jetha Kapil , Sugumar Kiruthiga , Bhat Meenakshi , Shivappa Sanjay K. , Bhat Maya , Christopher Rita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEthylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare neurometabolic disorder with central nervous system involvement and vasculopathy. It is presented in infancy with developmental delay, acrocyanosis, petechiae, chronic diarrhea, and early death. This was a retrospective study of confirmed cases of ethylmalonic aciduria from a tertiary care hospital over a period of 5 years from January 2015 to December 2020. Case details including analysis of clinical history, investigations, and outcomes are presented. Of six cases, male-to-female ratio was 4:2. Mean age of presentation was 35.5 months (range: 14–83 months). Consanguinity, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, skin rashes, microcephaly, hypotonia, and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes were observed in all cases. Chronic diarrhea was presented in five cases. The serum levels of C4 carnitine and urinary levels of ethylmalonic acid were increased in all cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed heterogenous bilateral symmetrical changes in the basal ganglia in five cases, and in one case, MRI could not be done. Genetic testing in two cases showed a homozygous variant in ETHE1 gene. Four children died, while the other two cases showed a decreased in recurrent encephalopathies and diarrhea after starting metronidazole. All children had global developmental delay, failure to thrive, skin rashes, central hypotonia, increased C4 carnitine levels in the serum, and increased ethylmalonic acid in the urine. Chronic diarrhea, acrocyanosis, and basal ganglia change in the MRI of the brain also give important clues for diagnosis. Metronidazole is useful in preventing recurrent episodes of encephalopathy.
Reproductive biology of the threatened and highly fragmented shrub
Authors: Emery Nathan J. , Offord Catherine A. 
Published: December 2021

The Australian Proteaceous genus Persoonia is known to be pollinated by bees and have variable breeding systems that range from strictly self-incompatible to differing levels of self-compatibility. The endangered Persoonia hirsuta (Hairy Geebung) is a species currently in decline throughout its distribution, with many populations occurring in fragmented habitats comprising fewer than 10 plants or a single isolated individual. Despite its threatened status and recent population decline, the reproductive biology of P. hirsuta is unknown. In this study, we surveyed floral visitors and their foraging behaviour, and investigated the breeding system of P. hirsuta by conducting experimental hand-pollinations at two of the largest known populations. P. hirsuta was almost exclusively visited by native bees, including Leioproctus, Megachile and Tetragonula species. This study was the first to report Xylocopa bees and Zizinia butterflies visiting Persoonia flowers. On average, both foraging time per flower and the number of flowers visited per plant varied significantly among insect genera. Notably, Xylocopa bees visited more flowers per plant than did any other pollinator (22.1 ± 10.8 flowers). P. hirsuta has a breeding system that displays partial self-incompatibility with significantly higher fruit set in the cross- and open-pollination treatments at both populations (19.4 ± 10.8 to 44.8 ± 8.2%) than in the autogamy and selfed treatments (0.6 ± 0.6 to 9.0 ± 5.1%). The results of this study are critical to the future management of P. hirsuta, and suggest that its small and isolated populations may produce very few viable fruits in the absence of outcrossing.
Biochemical composition during the reproductive cycle of a novel gastropod resource from Atlantic Patagonia
Authors: Nieto-Vilela Rocío A. , Cumplido Mariano , Zabala Soledad , Bigatti Gregorio 
Published: December 2021

Marine gastropods are a popular seafood, abundant along coastal shores and healthy for human consumption. We studied variations in nutritional components during the gonadal cycle of Tegula patagonica, a novel gastropod resource protected by a recent artisanal fishery regulation. Similar to other marine gastropods consumed worldwide, T. patagonica was found to have a high protein content (mean ± s.d., 28.8 ± 15.4%) and a low lipid (1.36 ± 0.43%) and carbohydrate (1.7 ± 0.8%) content. The spawning peak was registered during spring and summer, concordant with increases in temperature and photoperiod, as observed for other gastropods from Atlantic Patagonia. According to our results, the optimal quality of T. patagonica for consumption is during the austral autumn, after the spawning season and when the gastropods have a high bodyweight and best nutritional contribution. Thus, this resource could be captured when its quality is optimal and its conservation promoted if established minimum catch sizes are respected.
Inequality, identity, and partisanship: How redistribution can stem the tide of mass polarization
Authors: Stewart Alexander J. , Plotkin Joshua B. , McCarty Nolan 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Populist movements have begun to challenge mainstream political parties, disrupt established norms, and engage in violence against democratic institutions. The movements are fueled by significant support from ordinary citizens who have become increasingly politically polarized. We show that risk-averse attitudes toward other identity groups can transform into affective polarization between supporters of different political parties, through a process of cultural evolution. The economic factors that drive risk aversion can also magnify the effects of unequal wealth, creating a dangerous feedback loop between polarization and inequality. However, redistribution via public goods that reduces inequality can both prevent the onset of political polarization and make it easier for coordinated efforts to reverse entrenched polarized attitudes.
Polarization and tipping points
Authors: Macy Michael W. , Ma Manqing , Tabin Daniel R. , Gao Jianxi , Szymanski Boleslaw K. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Our study was motivated by a highly disturbing puzzle. Confronted with a deadly global pandemic that threatened not only massive loss of life but also the collapse of our medical system and economy, why were we unable to put partisan divisions aside and unite in a common cause, similar to the national mobilization in the Great Depression and the Second World War? We used a computational model to search for an answer in the phase transitions of political polarization. The model reveals asymmetric hysteresis trajectories with tipping points that are hard to predict and that make polarization extremely difficult to reverse once the level exceeds a critical value.
Microscopic origin of the effect of substrate metallicity on interfacial free energies
Authors: Scalfi Laura , Rotenberg Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The properties of solid–liquid interfaces crucially depend on the delicate balance of interactions of fluid molecules between them and with the surface atoms. Recent experiments demonstrated the dramatic effect of the metallicity of the substrate on the behavior of confined liquids. Here, we develop a method to investigate the interfacial thermodynamics as a function of the screening length within the metal using molecular simulations. We demonstrate the role of charge correlations in the material on the interfacial free energy and provide a simple model to capture the effects of metallicity and voltage. Our approach opens the door to the molecular-scale study of the effect of the metallic character of the substrate on confinement-induced transitions in ionic systems.
A serum-stable RNA aptamer specific for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizes viral entry
Authors: Valero Julián , Civit Laia , Dupont Daniel M. , Selnihhin Denis , Reinert Line S. , Idorn Manja , Israels Brett A. , Bednarz Aleksandra M. , Bus Claus , Asbach Benedikt , Peterhoff David , Pedersen Finn S. , Birkedal Victoria , Wagner Ralf , Paludan Søren R. , Kjems Jørgen 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Developing molecules capable of binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibiting viral infection is of utmost importance for the detection and therapy of COVID-19. We have developed and engineered a serum-stable RNA aptamer specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We further show that scaffolding three aptamers together increases the binding efficiency to the low picomolar range and enables very efficient neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells. The aptamer also shows high affinity for spike protein from variants of concern. Due to its small size and chemical stability, our aptamer holds potential as an alternative to antibodies and nanobodies targeting spike protein.
Homogeneous antibody and CAR-T cells with improved effector functions targeting SSEA-4 glycan on pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lin Chih-Wei , Wang Yu-Jen , Lai Ting-Yen , Hsu Tsui-Ling , Han Shin-Ying , Wu Han-Chung , Shen Chia-Ning , Dang Van , Chen Ming-Wei , Chen Lan-Bo , Wong Chi-Huey 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Pancreatic cancer treatments remain challenging due to late diagnosis and intrinsic resistance to conventional treatments. In this study, we demonstrate the use of the homogeneous SSEA-4 antibody and CAR-T cells for effective treatment in pancreatic cancer and suggest that targeting SSEA-4 has the potential to treat pancreatic cancer.
“Even more Reuters than Reuters”?
Authors: Bai Liping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlogs play an important role in every aspect of our cultural and social life. There has been a lot of research on blogs but very little research on blog translation. Blog translation may refer to translation of articles or comments posted in blogs or any translation done at weblogs. Different from other types of translators, blogger translators are no longer in the bondage to the traditional patrons and professionals as, in addition to the role of a writer/translator, bloggers can take on two other roles at the same time, namely a publisher (a patron) and a reviewer (a professional). This article makes a case study on the quality of Roland Soong’s translation in his famous blog entitled EastSouthWestNorth (ESWN). The finding in this research justifies to some extent the value of blog translation and also the importance of further research on blog translation as well as influential blogger translators.
Challenges of modelling and projecting tick distributions.
Authors: Wint William , Alexander Neil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

To produce temporal projections of tick distributions, two inputs are needed: present and projected. This may seem to be an unnecessary truism, but the stipulation introduces a number of challenges. This expert opinion looks at the practicalities of modelling both distributions and sets out what data are needed to produce effective (and, it is hoped, reliable) models.
Can the impact of climate change on the tick microbiome bring a new epidemiological landscape to tick-borne diseases?
Authors: Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This expert opinion focuses on the possible impact of climate change on the tick microbiome, with potential consequences for disease ecology. Within the text, 'microbiome' refers to the microorganisms and their genes, whereas 'microbiota' only refers to the microbes themselves. 'Holobiont' refers to the close association between host and microbes, that together form a discrete ecological unit.
Climate impacts on the vector capacity of tropical and temperate populations of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato.
Authors: Bechara Gervasio , Sanches Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The distribution and survival of a tick species are affected by several factors such as host availability, vegetation coverage, climatic conditions (humidity, photoperiod and temperature) and anthropic activities. This expert opinion discusses the differences between both tropical and temperate R. sanguineus lineages, how climate changes could affect their distribution and abundance, and consequently the incidence of the diseases transmitted by them to dogs, their preferred hosts.
Climate, ticks and pathogens: gaps and caveats.
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustín , Fernández-Ruiz Natalia , de la Fuente José 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This expert opinion discusses how the changing climate patterns are affecting the physiology of ticks as well as the abundance and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases. It has a section discussing the actual impact of climate on tick life cycle using Ixodes ricinus as an example.
Zoonotic potential in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia.
Authors: Stuen Snorre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This expert opinion focuses on the vectors and hosts related to reported zoonotic infections in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. It also assesses the potential impact of climate change on the distribution and establishment of all tick-borne infections and an increase in zoonoses related to increased tick-pathogen-host interactions.
Tick-borne infections in Central Europe.
Authors: Kazimirova Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This expert opinion discusses how global warming and climate change impact (i) geographic expansion of indigenous tick species; (ii) tick survival and abundance in certain areas including urban parks and gardens; (iii) seasonal tick questing activities, increasing the number of infected hosts and the probability of pathogen transmission; (iv) emergence of new tick-borne disease foci; and (v) changing epidemiological patterns and increasing incidence of tick-borne diseases in endemic foci.
Tick-borne rickettsioses in Africa.
Authors: Kolo Agatha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This expert opinion focuses on the impact of global warming and climate change on the incidence, prevalence and distribution of rickettsial infections in Africa, with emphasis on Rickettsia africae, R. conorii, R. aeschlimannii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae and other tick-borne rickettsiae.
Possible impact of climate and environmental change on ticks and tick-borne disease in England.
Authors: Medlock Jolyon , Hansford Kayleigh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The survival, density and distribution of ticks are determined by three key elements: microclimate, habitat and host, all of which can be impacted by climate change. The public health risk from ticks is further influenced by human behaviour and the way in which we access and manage the environment where ticks or key tick hosts are found. This expert opinion considers how these factors influence tick-borne disease (TBD) transmission in a changing climate, first by discussing direct effects of climate change on ticks and TBD, and second the indirect effects and environmental changes that make direct comparisons of climate and ticks so challenging.
Upper respiratory tract symptom risk in elite field hockey players during a dry run for the Tokyo Olympics
Authors: Keaney Lauren C. , Kilding Andrew E. , Merien Fabrice , Shaw David M. , Dulson Deborah K. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe primary aim of this study was to examine if biomarker and/or self‐reported data could predict upper respiratory tract symptom (URTS) risk in elite field hockey players. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of the additional stressor ‘repeated heat exposure’ on measures of thermoregulation and immunity. A prospective cohort repeated measures study design was used to collect URTS, household illness, self‐reported wellness, biomarker and thermoregulatory data from elite male field hockey players (n = 19), during an 8‐week training and competition period that simulated the preparatory and competition phases of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Heat response testing (HRT) was performed at the beginning of the study period, following heat acclimation (HA) and following an intensified competition period (ICP) played in hot and humid conditions (27–37°C and 53–80% relative humidity). Univariate frailty analysis demonstrated that illness in players' households (Hazard ratio (HR: 4.90; p < 0.001)) and self‐reported stress (HR: 0.63; p = 0.043) predicted players' risk for URTS. Additionally, low baseline resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration predicted players' “potential” URTS risk (p = 0.021). The additional stressor “repeated heat exposure” was found to facilitate partial thermoregulatory adaptation without attenuating resting immune functions. In conclusion, lifestyle and behavioural factors (i.e. household illness and stress) influenced players risk for URTS more so than sport‐related stressors. Furthermore, repeated heat exposure did not appear to compromise players resting immunity. To assess athletes’ risk for URTS, baseline screening of SIgA concentration and regular monitoring of self‐reported lifestyle and behavioural data are recommended.Highlights
Self‐reported illness in players’ households and higher self‐reported stress significantly predicted increased upper respiratory tract symptom risk.
Low baseline salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentration predicted players “potential” URTS risk.
Repeated heat exposures facilitated partial thermoregulatory adaptation without altering resting immunity.
Comparative upper‐quarter posture analysis of female adolescent freestyle swimmers and non‐swimmers
Authors: Botha Carolin‐Mari , Rossouw Francè , Meyer Pieter Willem Adriaan , Camacho Tanya Chantelle de Sousa 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTRepetitive upper‐quarter limb movements imposed by freestyle swimming may lead to muscle length and tension changes, predisposing adolescent swimmers to postural malalignment. The study aimed to quantify the static upper‐quarter postural alignment of competitive female adolescent freestyle swimmers, and compare their results to non‐swimming peers and angles of spinal sagittal posture available in the literature. A cross‐sectional study design was employed. The evaluation group (EVAL) consisted of 35 competitive swimmers (15 ± 3 y; 166.5 ± 9.9 cm; 65.5 ± 7.7 kg) and the control group (CON) of 36 peers (15 ± 3 y; 164.2 ± 6.7 cm; 62.1 ± 9.1 kg). Spinal sagittal posture was measured by photographic posture analysis. Median ± interquartile range and inter‐group differences were calculated. Significant differences (p = 0.00) between groups for all variables, with a moderate – large effect, were observed. EVAL demonstrated restricted median scores for head‐tilt angle (−8.7°), cervical angle (−13.3°) and shoulder protraction – retraction angle (−24°), and a greater score for thoracic angle (+7.4°), when compared to CON. EVAL and CON deviated from proposed criterion scores for cervical and thoracic angles, with EVAL also deviating from head‐tilt angle and shoulder protraction – retraction angle criteria. In this group of adolescent participants, postural malalignment may have been exacerbated by years of freestyle swim training.

Highlights
Significant differences with medium to large effect sizes were noted in the angles of spinal sagittal posture between the competitive female adolescent freestyle swimmers and their non‐swimming peers.
Competitive female adolescent freestyle swimmers appeared to be more vulnerable to postural features in the upper quarter that were not within the desirable angles of spinal sagittal posture.
The inherent nature of competitive freestyle swimming and the natural consequence of long‐term training may explain the moderate to large effect sizes observed.
Process and device simulations aimed at improving the emitter region performance of silicon PERC solar cells
Authors: Kashyap Savita , Madan Jaya , Pandey Rahul , Sharma Rajnish 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Achieved levels of silicon-based passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) solar cells laboratory and module-level conversion efficiencies are still far from the theoretically achievable Auger limit of 29.4% for silicon solar cells, prominently due to emitter recombination and resistive losses. The emitter region in PERC devices is formed by using either ion implantation followed by a diffusion process or POCl3 diffusion. In ion-implanted emitter-based PERC, the process variables such as dose, energy, diffusion time, and temperature play a vital role in defining the characteristics of the emitter region. Detailed investigation of these parameters could provide a pathway to mitigate the recombination as well as resistive losses; however, it requires a considerable budget to optimize these parameters through a purely experimental approach. Therefore, advanced industrial standard process and device simulation are perceived in this work to carry out the comprehensive study of process variables. Investigation of ion implantation and diffusion process parameters on the PV performance of an upright pyramid textured, industrial standard stacked dielectric passivated PERC solar cell is carried out to deliver 22.8% conversion efficiency with improved PV parameters such as short circuit current density (J
SC) of 40.8 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (V
OC) of 686 mV, and fill-factor (FF) of 81.54% at optimized implantation and diffusion parameters, such as implantation dose of 5 × 1015 cm−2 with energy 30 keV followed 950 °C diffusion temperature and 30 min of diffusion time. The performance of the optimized PERC device is compared with already published large area screen printed contact-based device. This work may open up a window for the experimental work to understand the influence of process parameters on the emitter region to develop the highly efficient PERC solar cell in the future.