bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear receptors of NR1 and NR4 subfamilies in the regulation of microglial functions and pathology
Authors: Katsuki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review provides an overview of researches on the NR1 and NR4 nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of microglial functions. Nuclear receptors are attractive candidates for drug targets in the therapies of the central nervous system disorders, because the activation of these receptors is expected to regulate the functions and the phenotypes of microglia, by controlling the expression of specific gene subsets and also by regulating the cellular signaling mechanisms in a nongenomic manner. Several members of NR1 nuclear receptor subfamily have been examined for their ability to regulate microglial functions. For example, stimulation of vitamin D receptor inhibits the production of pro‐inflammatory factors and increases the production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Similar regulatory actions of nuclear receptor ligands on inflammation‐related genes have also been reported for other NR1 members such as retinoic acid receptors, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), and liver X receptors (LXRs). In addition, stimulation of PPARγ and LXRs may also result in increased phagocytic activities of microglia. Consistent with these actions, the agonists at nuclear receptors of NR1 subfamily are shown to produce therapeutic effects on animal models of various neurological disorders such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke. On the other hand, increasing lines of evidence suggest that the stimulation of NR4 subfamily members of nuclear receptors such as Nur77 and Nurr1 also regulates microglial functions and alleviates neuropathological events in several disease models. Further advancement of these research fields may prove novel therapeutic opportunities.
Control charts for monitoring mean of generalized exponential distribution with type‐I censoring
Authors: Ahmed Nabeel , Ali Sajid , Shah Ismail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonitoring censored data is a challenging task as the traditional charts reported poor performance in the case of censored data. This article presents exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring type‐I censored data assuming generalized exponential (GE) distribution. In particular, we replace the censored observation with the conditional expected value (CEV), conditional median (CM), and conditional standard deviation (CSD) to assess the performance of the charts. To evaluate the performance of the memory‐type charts, this study considers different shifts, smoothing weights, and censoring rates in order to compare their effectiveness. Besides a comprehensive study of average run length (ARL) using Monte Carlo simulations, special attention is paid to the standard deviation of the run length (SDRL), because it can be substantially larger for skewed distributions. Furthermore, the application of the proposed charts is illustrated by using two real data sets. Different situations are identified where CEV, CM, and CSD are preferred over each other.
A retrospective multicentre study on the evaluation of perioperative outcomes of single‐port robotic cholecystectomy comparing the Xi and SP versions of the da Vinci robotic surgical system
Authors: Kang Yoon Hyung , Kang Jae Seung , Cho Yo Seok , Kim Hyeong Seok , Lee Mirang , Han Youngmin , Sohn Hee Ju , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin‐Young , Lee Hyeon Kook 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐incision robotic cholecystectomy (SIRC) is widely performed with both the da Vinci Xi system (Xi) and the da Vinci SP system (SP). But there are limited numbers of studies comparing these platforms.MethodsPatients who underwent SIRC between 2019 and 2020 were enrolled. Patient demographics, intraoperative factors, postoperative complications, postoperative pain were compared using a one‐to‐one propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsOverall, 258 patients underwent SIRC with Xi and 72 with SP. After PSM, there were significant differences between the Xi and SP in operation time at console and numeric rating scale for postoperative pain, but no difference in total operation time and postoperative complications. The SP group showed more estimated blood loss.ConclusionsDespite the statistical difference, clinical benefit was not significant. Both platforms can be safe and feasible to perform SIRC, but further investigation including the surgeon's workload and ergonomics is needed as a prospective study.
Circular economy—A way forward to Sustainable Development: Identifying Conceptual Overlaps and Contingency Factors at the Microlevel
Authors: Sinha Ekta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept of circular economy (CE) has gained a lot of attention in recent years to provide creative and innovative solutions to issues relating to sustainable development (SD) in the ever‐changing business environment. While the earlier studies have presented the concept of CE and its barriers, there exits limited work at the microlevel (business level). Additionally, most of the existing studies are case based, so generalization of results is tough. Drawing from the current literature, this work develops a deeper understanding of the concept of the CE and presents a framework of barriers at the microlevel. We identify and discuss eight major barriers to circular business (CB) processes and posit SD as the desirable outcome. The study holds some critical managerial implications as it illustrates major contingency factors and provides greater insights into CB processes for better execution.
Bio‐Derived Surface Layer Suitable for Long Term Cycling Ni‐Rich Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jo Chang‐Heum , Voronina Natalia , Kim Hee Jae , Yashiro Hitoshi , Yaqoob Najma , Guillon Olivier , Kaghazchi Payam , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince Ni‐rich cathode material is very sensitive to moisture and easily forms residual lithium compounds that degrade cell performance, it is very important to pay attention to the selection of the surface modifying media. Accordingly, hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), a tooth‐derived material showing excellent mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities, is selected. To verify the availability of hydroxyapatite as a surface protection material, lithium‐doped hydroxyapatite, Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3(OH), is formed with ≈10‐nm layer after reacting with residual lithium compounds on Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2, which spontaneously results in dramatic reduction of surface lithium residues to 2879 ppm from 22364 ppm. The Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3(OH)‐modified Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2 electrode provides ultra‐long term cycling stability, enabling 1000 cycles retaining 66.3% of its initial capacity. Also, morphological degradations such as micro‐cracking or amorphization of surface are significantly suppressed by the presence of Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3(OH) layer on the Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2, of which the Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3(OH) is transformed to CaF2 via Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3F during the long term cycles reacting with HF in electrolyte. In addition, the authors’ density function theory (DFT) results explain the reason of instability of NCA and why CaF2 layers can delay the micro‐cracking during electrochemical reaction. Therefore, the stable Ca4.67Li0.33(PO4)3F and CaF2 layers play a pivotal role to protect the Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2 with ultra‐long cycling stability.
Strong Penetration‐Induced Effective Photothermal Therapy by Exosome‐Mediated Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Jing , Yi Kezhen , Zhang Qi , Xu Hang , Zhang Xingang , He Dong , Wang Fubing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanocancer medicine, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), as a promising way to solve cancer without side effects, faces a huge biological barrier during the circulation of nanoparticles in the body, including nanobiological interactions in the blood, isolation of nanoparticles in the macrophage system, tumor spillover effect, and especially uneven intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles, which cast a shadow over the hope. To address the problem of intratumoral distribution, an effective photothermal agent is introduced by packaging the black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) into exosome vector (EXO) through electroporation method. With the improving and proper stability for better therapy, the resulting BPQDs@EXO nanospheres (BEs) exhibit good biocompatibility, long circulation time, and excellent tumor targeting ability, hence impressive PTT efficiency evidenced by highly efficient tumor ablation in vivo. Importantly, great permeability on organoids contributed by EXO appears with BEs, which strongly promotes the efficient killing ability. These BP‐based nanospheres must promise high clinical potential due to the high PTT efficiency and minimal side effects.
Enhancement of aging resistance ofEPDMrubber by naturalrubber‐g‐N(4‐phenylenediamine) maleimide as a grafted antioxidant
Authors: El‐Wakil Abd El‐Aziz A. , El‐Mogy Soma , Halim Sawsan F. , Abdel‐Hakim Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new antioxidant was prepared by graft copolymerization ofN(4‐phenylenediamine) maleimide (pPDAM) onto natural rubber (NR). Fourier transform infrared technique was used to confirm the grafting of (pPDAM) onto the NR backbone. The grafted copolymer (NR‐g‐pPDAM) was incorporated into the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) rubber mix as an antioxidant. For comparison purposes, a widely used antioxidantN‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (6PPD) was used in addition to a blank sample without antioxidant. The rheometric characteristics of EPDM vulcanizates were determined using an oscillating disc rheometer. Different mechanical properties of the EPDM vulcanizates were measured before and after exposure to thermal and ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) accelerated aging. The results revealed that the grafted antioxidant NR‐g‐pPDAM is more efficient, for EPDM rubber vulcanizates than the commercial antioxidant (6PPD). EPDM containing grafted (NR‐g‐pPDAM) antioxidant exhibited promising properties, such that it is expected to fulfill major requirements of industrial, automotive, and construction applications.
Educational Perspectives on Mediality and Subjectivation: Introduction
Authors: Bettinger Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept of the subject has long been a central construct of the social sciences, cultural studies and the humanities. While the philosophical roots of the concept go back to antiquity, new discourses have developed in recent years that critically question and further develop concepts such as subject or subjectivation. In addition to theoretical strands of discussion, the focus is increasingly on the empirical possibilities of subjectification research. It is becoming apparent that the constitutive power of digital mediality—also from the perspective of educational science—is playing an increasingly significant role in these contexts. The introductory chapter presents a brief outline of these developments and provides a first insight into the contributions in this volume.
‘Network Subjectivity’ in the Digital Condition: Three Theoretical Envisionings
Authors: Schenk Sabrina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere are currently various academic accounts of contemporary sociality. While the concept of the ‘digtital condition’ seems to lend itself to a cultural interpretation, those of ‘informationalism’ and ‘postsociality’ may be appropriate for describing, from a sociological perspective, specific phenomena of changes to sociality in the digital condition. The emergence of the term ‘knowledge economy’ appears to invite an intersection of cultural and sociological perspectives and proceeding from this starting point, this chapter identifies the shared parameters of these perspectives in relation to the conditions of subjectivity, of high relevance to education, in a networked, media-driven society. The work underlying the chapter examines these issues via the metaphor of ‘network subjectivity’, employing the findings of an empirical study, theory of government, and psychoanalysis.
Agile Transformation at Scale: A Tertiary Study
Authors: Das Suddhasvatta , Gary Kevin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the fast-paced nature of the software industry and the success of small agile projects, researchers and practitioners are interested in scaling agile processes to larger projects. Agile software development (ASD) has been growing in popularity for over two decades. With the success of small-scale agile transformation, organizations started to focus on scaling agile. There is a scarcity of literature in this field making it harder to find plausible evidence to identify the science behind large scale agile transformation. The objective of this paper is to present a better understanding of the current state of research in the field of scaled agile transformation and explore research gaps. This tertiary study identifies seven relevant peer reviewed studies and reports research findings and future research avenues.
Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic for Software Development in Nordic Companies – Agility Helps to Respond
Authors: Kettunen Petri , Gustavsson Tomas , Laanti Maarit , Tjernsten Andreas , Mikkonen Tommi , Männistö Tomi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic affected almost every company in some way also in the Nordic countries. Depending on the different industry sectors of the companies, the impacts have varied from minor risks to severe disruptions but also even booming businesses. In all, agility and resilience have been required to continue and even to survive. In 2018, we started conducting large-scale agile surveys in Finland and Sweden. For the 2020 survey round, we included questions about the current pandemic situation impacts and how agility has helped to respond. The respondents represented software professionals from different industries, not limited to information and communication technology (ICT) companies. The results indicate that although the perceived impacts have mostly been negative (53%), it is not all so. One-third (33%) reported positive impacts such as increased business and better well-being. The majority (55%) of the responses indicated that agility has helped to respond to the pandemic situation. Remarkably, 59% reported that their companies have improved agility during the past year. Improved agility appears to be positively related to the ability to respond to the pandemic. We did not discover significant differences between the Finnish and Swedish respondent cohorts.
Topological entanglement and hyperbolic volume
Authors: Dwivedi Aditya , Dwivedi Siddharth , Mandal Bhabani Prasad , Ramadevi Pichai , Singh Vivek Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe entanglement entropy of many quantum systems is difficult to compute in general. They are obtained as a limiting case of the Rényi entropy of index m, which captures the higher moments of the reduced density matrix. In this work, we study pure bipartite states associated with S3 complements of a two-component link which is a connected sum of a knot $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
and the Hopf link. For this class of links, the Chern-Simons theory provides the necessary setting to visualise the m-moment of the reduced density matrix as a three-manifold invariant Z($$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

), which is the partition function of $$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

. Here $$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

is a closed 3-manifold associated with the knot $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
m, where $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
m is a connected sum of m-copies of $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
(i.e., $$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
#$$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
. . . #$$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
) which mimics the well-known replica method. We analayse the partition functions Z($$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

) for SU(2) and SO(3) gauge groups, in the limit of the large Chern-Simons coupling k. For SU(2) group, we show that Z($$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

) can grow at most polynomially in k. On the contrary, we conjecture that Z($$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

) for SO(3) group shows an exponential growth in k, where the leading term of ln Z($$ {M}_{{\mathcal{K}}_m} $$

M

K
m

) is the hyperbolic volume of the knot complement S3\$$ \mathcal{K} $$
K
m. We further propose that the Rényi entropies associated with SO(3) group converge to a finite value in the large k limit. We present some examples to validate our conjecture and proposal.
A Mathematical Analysis of Casimir Interactions I: The Scalar Field
Authors: Fang Yan-Long , Strohmaier Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStarting from the construction of the free quantum scalar field of mass $$m\ge 0$$

m
≥
0

, we give mathematically precise and rigorous versions of three different approaches to computing the Casimir forces between compact obstacles. We then prove that they are equivalent.
Low grade of osteoarthritis development after Latarjet procedure with a minimum 5 years of follow-up: a systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Menon Alessandra , Fossati Chiara , Magnani Mauro , Boveri Sara , Compagnoni Riccardo , Randelli Pietro Simone 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review and pooled analysis was to evaluate incidence and risk factors for glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) in patients who underwent Latarjet procedure with a minimum of 5-year follow-up.

Methods
The PRISMA guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review. PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to February 29, 2020 for English, human in vivo studies that evaluated glenohumeral OA in patients undergoing Latarjet procedure at least 5 years after surgery. A pooled analysis on the included databases sent by authors was performed to evaluate the risk factors influencing the development or progression of dislocation arthropathy after the Latarjet procedure.

Results
Four studies, including a total of 280 patients (213 males and 67 females), were analysed. In our study population, the median age at surgery was 25.0 years (range 20.8–32.6 years). and 92.1% were athletes. In 90% of the cases, the number of dislocations before surgery were fewer than 5. The recurrence of instability after Latarjet procedure was observed only in seven patients (2.5%). The position of the bone graft resulted flush to the anterior glenoid rim in 238 cases (85.3%), medial in 8 (2.9%) and overhanging in 33 (11.8%). Radiological signs of development or progression of shoulder OA were observed in 25.8% of the patients, of which 88.6% presented a grade 1 of OA according to Samilson and Prieto classification. The overhanging position of the bone graft resulted statistically significant for onset or worsening of OA. The age at surgery, the number of dislocations before surgery and the Hill–Sachs lesion were not significantly associated with joint degeneration. Instead, hyperlaxity showed a prevention role in the development of OA after open Latarjet procedure.

Conclusion
The Latarjet procedure is a valid and safe surgical treatment in recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a low risk of developing moderate or severe OA also at long-term follow-up. The overhanging position of the bone graft represents the principal risk factor of joint degeneration, whereas the hyperlaxity seems to be protective. Finally, age, gender, time between first dislocation and surgery, and number of dislocations do not seem to affect the onset of OA after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, an accurate execution of the Latarjet procedure can be considered a valid treatment even in young and athletes thanks to the low recurrence rates and the low development of major long-term complications.

Level of evidence
IV.
Detection of epimuscular myofascial forces by Golgi tendon organs
Authors: Maas Huub , Noort Wendy , Smilde Hiltsje A. , Vincent Jacob A. , Nardelli Paul , Cope Timothy C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscles embed multiple tendon organs, both at the proximal and distal ends of muscle fibers. One of the functions of such spatial distribution may be to provide locally unique force feedback, which may become more important when stresses are distributed non-uniformly within the muscle. Forces exerted by connections between adjacent muscles (i.e. epimuscular myofascial forces) may cause such local differences in force. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interactions between adjacent muscles on sensory encoding by tendon organs. Action potentials from single afferents were recorded intra-axonally in response to ramp-hold release (RHR) stretches of a passive agonistic muscle at different lengths or relative positions of its passive synergist. The tendons of gastrocnemius (GAS), plantaris (PL) and soleus (SO) muscles were cut from the skeleton for attachment to servomotors. Connective tissues among these muscles were kept intact. Lengthening GAS + PL decreased the force threshold of SO tendon organs (p = 0.035). The force threshold of lateral gastrocnemius (LG) tendon organs was not affected by SO length (p = 0.371). Also displacing LG + PL, kept at a constant muscle–tendon unit length, from a proximal to a more distal position resulted in a decrease in force threshold of LG tendon organs (p = 0.007). These results indicate that tendon organ firing is affected by changes in length and/or relative position of adjacent synergistic muscles. We conclude that tendon organs can provide the central nervous system with information about local stresses caused by epimuscular myofascial forces.
Work Characteristics of Acute Care Surgeons at a Swiss Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective One‐Month Snapshot Study
Authors: Di Pietro Martinelli Claudine , Haltmeier Tobias , Lavanchy Joël L. , Perrodin Stéphanie F. , Candinas Daniel , Schnüriger Beat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple acute care surgery (ACS) working models have been implemented. To optimize resources and on‐call rosters, knowledge about work characteristics is required. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the daily work characteristics of ACS surgeons at a Swiss tertiary care hospital.MethodsSingle‐center prospective snapshot study. In February 2020, ACS fellows prospectively recorded their work characteristics, case volume and surgical case mix for 20 day shifts and 16 night shifts. Work characteristics were categorized in 11 different activities and documented in intervals of 30 min. Descriptive statistics were applied.ResultsA total of 432.5 working hours (h) were documented and characterized. The three main activities ‘surgery,’ ‘patient consultations’ and ‘administrative work’ ranged from 30.8 to 35.9% of the documented working time. A total of 46 surgical interventions were performed. In total, during day shifts, there were 16 elective and 15 emergency interventions, during night shifts 15 emergency interventions. For surgery, two peaks between 10:00 a.m.–02:00 p.m. and 08:00 p.m.–11:00 p.m. were observed. A total of 225 patient were consulted, with a first peak between 08:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. and a second, wider peak between 02:00 p.m. and 02:00 a.m.ConclusionThe three main activities ‘surgery,’ ‘patient consultations’ and ‘administrative work’ were comparable with approximately one third of the working time each. There was a bimodal temporal distribution for both surgery and patient consultations. These results may help to improve hospital resources and on‐call rosters of ACS services.