bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A web-based survey on various symptoms of computer vision syndrome and the genetic understanding based on a multi-trait genome-wide association study
Authors: Yoshimura Keito , Morita Yuji , Konomi Kenji , Ishida Sachiko , Fujiwara Daisuke , Kobayashi Keisuke , Tanaka Masami 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA variety of eye-related symptoms due to the overuse of digital devices is collectively referred to as computer vision syndrome (CVS). In this study, a web-based survey about mind and body functions, including eye strain, was conducted on 1998 Japanese volunteers. To investigate the biological mechanisms behind CVS, a multi-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS), a multivariate analysis on individual-level multivariate data, was performed based on the structural equation modeling methodology assuming a causal pathway for a genetic variant to influence each symptom via a single common latent variable. Twelve loci containing lead variants with a suggestive level of significance were identified. Two loci showed relatively strong signals and were associated with TRABD2B relative to the Wnt signaling pathway and SDK1 having neuronal adhesion and immune functions, respectively. By utilizing publicly available eQTL data, colocalization between GWAS and eQTL signals for four loci was detected, and a locus on 2p25.3 showed a strong colocalization (PPH4 > 0.9) on retinal MYT1L, known to play an important role in neuronal differentiation. This study suggested that the use of multivariate questionnaire data and multi-trait GWAS can lead to biologically reasonable findings and enhance our genetic understanding of complex relationships among symptoms related to CVS.
Multisensory visuo-tactile context learning enhances the guidance of unisensory visual search
Authors: Chen Siyi , Shi Zhuanghua , Müller Hermann J. , Geyer Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDoes multisensory distractor-target context learning enhance visual search over and above unisensory learning? To address this, we had participants perform a visual search task under both uni- and multisensory conditions. Search arrays consisted of one Gabor target that differed from three homogeneous distractors in orientation; participants had to discriminate the target’s orientation. In the multisensory session, additional tactile (vibration-pattern) stimulation was delivered to two fingers of each hand, with the odd-one-out tactile target and the distractors co-located with the corresponding visual items in half the trials; the other half presented the visual array only. In both sessions, the visual target was embedded within identical (repeated) spatial arrangements of distractors in half of the trials. The results revealed faster response times to targets in repeated versus non-repeated arrays, evidencing ‘contextual cueing’. This effect was enhanced in the multisensory session—importantly, even when the visual arrays presented without concurrent tactile stimulation. Drift–diffusion modeling confirmed that contextual cueing increased the rate at which task-relevant information was accumulated, as well as decreasing the amount of evidence required for a response decision. Importantly, multisensory learning selectively enhanced the evidence-accumulation rate, expediting target detection even when the context memories were triggered by visual stimuli alone.
Genetic network and gene set enrichment analyses identify MND1 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic target gene for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wei Jinying , Meng Guangping , Wu Jing , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the key survival-specific genes for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using machine-based learning approaches. Gene expression profiles were download from gene expression omnibus to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LUAD tissues versus healthy lung tissue and to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Using high-dimensional datasets of cancer specimens from clinical patients in the cancer genome atlas, gene set enrichment analysis was employed to assess the independent effect of meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (MND1) expression on survival status, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the associations of clinic-pathologic characteristics and MND1 expression with overall survival (OS). A set of 495 DEGs (145 upregulated and 350 downregulated) was detected, including 63 hub genes with ≥ 10 nodes in the PPI network. Among them, MND1 was participated in several important pathways by connecting with other genes via 17 nodes in lung cancer, and more frequently expressed in LUAD patients with advancing stage (OR = 1.68 for stage III vs. stage I). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses demonstrated that the expression level of MND1 was significantly and negatively correlated with OS. Therefore, MND1 is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for LUAD.
Inheritable testicular metabolic memory of high-fat diet causes transgenerational sperm defects in mice
Authors: Crisóstomo Luís , Jarak Ivana , Rato Luís P. , Raposo João F. , Batterham Rachel L. , Oliveira Pedro F. , Alves Marco G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe consumption of energy-dense diets has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities worldwide. The adoption of unhealthy feeding habits often occurs at early age, prompting the early onset of metabolic disease with unknown consequences for reproductive function later in life. Recently, evidence has emerged regarding the intergenerational and transgenerational effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on sperm parameters and testicular metabolism. Hereby, we study the impact of high-fat feeding male mice (F0) on the testicular metabolome and function of their sons (F1) and grandsons (F2). Testicular content of metabolites related to insulin resistance, cell membrane remodeling, nutritional support and antioxidative stress (leucine, acetate, glycine, glutamine, inosine) were altered in sons and grandsons of mice fed with HFD, comparing to descendants of chow-fed mice. Sperm counts were lower in the grandsons of mice fed with HFD, even if transient. Sperm quality was correlated to testicular metabolite content in all generations. Principal Component Analysis of sperm parameters and testicular metabolites revealed an HFD-related phenotype, especially in the diet-challenged generation and their grandsons. Ancestral HFD, even if transient, causes transgenerational “inherited metabolic memory” in the testicular tissue, characterized by changes in testicular metabolome and function.
Conformational distortion in a fibril-forming oligomer arrests alpha-Synuclein fibrillation and minimizes its toxic effects
Authors: Chakraborty Ritobrita , Dey Sandip , Sil Pallabi , Paul Simanta Sarani , Bhattacharyya Dipita , Bhunia Anirban , Sengupta Jayati , Chattopadhyay Krishnananda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fibrillation pathway of alpha-Synuclein, the causative protein of Parkinson’s disease, encompasses transient, heterogeneous oligomeric forms whose structural understanding and link to toxicity are not yet understood. We report that the addition of the physiologically-available small molecule heme at a sub-stoichiometric ratio to either monomeric or aggregated α-Syn, targets a His50 residue critical for fibril-formation and stabilizes the structurally-heterogeneous populations of aggregates into a minimally-toxic oligomeric state. Cryo-EM 3D reconstruction revealed a ‘mace’-shaped structure of this monodisperse population of oligomers, which is comparable to a solid-state NMR Greek key-like motif (where the core residues are arranged in parallel in-register sheets with a Greek key topology at the C terminus) that forms the fundamental unit/kernel of protofilaments. Further structural analyses suggest that heme binding induces a distortion in the Greek key-like architecture of the mace oligomers, which impairs their further appending into protofilaments and fibrils. Additionally, our study reports a novel mechanism of prevention as well as reclamation of amyloid fibril formation by blocking an inter-protofilament His50 residue using a small molecule.
Stepwise introduction of three different transition metals in metallo-supramolecular polymer for quad-color electrochromism
Authors: Bera Manas Kumar , Ninomiya Yoshikazu , Higuchi Masayoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetallo-supramolecular polymers (MSPs) show unique electrochemical and optical properties, that are different to organic polymers, caused by electronic interactions between metals and ligands. For the development of quad-color electrochromic materials, here we report the stepwise introduction of three different transition metal ions into an MSP, utilizing the different complexation abilities of the transition metals. An MSP with Os(II), Ru(II), and Fe(II) (polyOsRuFe) was synthesized via a stepwise synthetic route through the formation of an Os(II) complex first, followed by the introduction of Ru(II) to the Os(II) complex, and finally the attachment of Fe(II) to the Os(II)-Ru(II) complex to produce the polymer. This synthetic procedure was extended to fabricate MSPs that comprised Co(II)/Ru(II)/Os(II) and Zn(II)/Ru(II)/Os(II). The synthesized MSPs showed a broad optical and electrochemical window due to the coupling of three heterometallic segments into the polymer. Introducing acetate anion as the counter anion greatly enhanced the solubility of polyOsRuFe in methanol. A thin film of polyOsRuFe was prepared on ITO/glass by spin-coating the methanol solution, and its reversible quad-color electrochromism was demonstrated.
Aircraft tracking in infrared imagery with adaptive learning and interference suppression
Authors: Wu Sijie , Zhang Kai , Li Shaoyi , Yan Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAirborne target tracking is a crucial part of infrared imaging guidance. In contrast to visual tracking tasks, the target in infrared imagery shows different visual patterns. Moreover, severe background clutter and frequent occlusion caused by infrared interference make it a challenging task. Recently, discriminative correlation filter (DCF)‐based trackers have shown impressive performance. However, the features adopted in DCF‐based trackers are either handcrafted or pre‐trained from a different task, which do not closely intertwine with the domain‐specific video. To settle this problem, it is proposed to make full use of online training to learn domain‐specific features. By integrating the correlation filter layer into the convolutional neural networks, the feature domain and the response maps of the DCF can be optimized iteratively in the initial frame. Meanwhile, utilizing the measurement of the response maps' peak strength, further adjustments to the feature domain can be made to achieve a sharper peak and suppress the interference region during the tracking process. Evaluations are conducted to prove the validity of proposed aircraft‐tracking algorithm.
Underwater image enhancement based on colour correction and fusion
Authors: Zhu Daqi , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Youmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderwater image processing has always been a very challenging problem. Under the influence of environmental factors, underwater images are prone to some problems, such as colour cast, low visibility, and few edge details. Here, an image enhancement algorithm is proposed to improve image degradation mainly caused by the absorption of light. First, colour compensation and white balance algorithm are used to restore the natural appearance of the image. Then the improved dark channel prior (DCP) is used to improve the visibility and avoid blocking artifacts which appear in traditional DCP. Unsharp masking (USM) is applied to enhance the texture features of the DCP image. Finally, wavelet fusion is used to fuse the DCP image and DCP+USM image. The fusion algorithm not only further improves the visibility and texture features, but also reduces the noise of DCP+USM. Compared with other methods, quantitative analysis results show that the enhanced images have higher visibility, more details and edge information.
Star-in-a-box simulations of fully convective stars
Authors: Käpylä P. J. 
Published: May 2021

Context.Main-sequence late-type stars with masses of less than 0.35 M⊙are fully convective.Aims.The goal is to study convection, differential rotation, and dynamos as functions of rotation in fully convective stars.Methods.Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations with a star-in-a-box model, in which a spherical star is immersed inside of a Cartesian cube, are used. The model corresponds to a 0.2 M⊙main-sequence M5 dwarf. A range of rotation periods (Prot) between 4.3 and 430 d is explored.Results.The slowly rotating model withProt = 430 days produces anti-solar differential rotation with a slow equator and fast poles, along with predominantly axisymmetric quasi-steady large-scale magnetic fields. For intermediate rotation (Prot = 144 and 43 days) the differential rotation is solar-like (fast equator, slow poles), and the large-scale magnetic fields are mostly axisymmetric and either quasi-stationary or cyclic. The latter occurs in a similar parameter regime as in other numerical studies in spherical shells, and the cycle period is similar to observed cycles in fully convective stars with rotation periods of roughly 100 days. In the rapid rotation regime the differential rotation is weak and the large-scale magnetic fields are increasingly non-axisymmetric with a dominatingm = 1 mode. This large-scale non-axisymmetric field also exhibits azimuthal dynamo waves.Conclusions.The results of the star-in-a-box models agree with simulations of partially convective late-type stars in spherical shells in that the transitions in differential rotation and dynamo regimes occur at similar rotational regimes in terms of the Coriolis (inverse Rossby) number. This similarity between partially and fully convective stars suggests that the processes generating differential rotation and large-scale magnetism are insensitive to the geometry of the star.
The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era
Authors: Reylé C. , Jardine K. , Fouqué P. , Caballero J. A. , Smart R. L. , Sozzetti A. 
Published: May 2021

Context. The nearest stars provide a fundamental constraint for our understanding of stellar physics and the Galaxy. The nearby sample serves as an anchor where all objects can be seen and understood with precise data. This work is triggered by the most recent data release of the astrometric space mission Gaia and uses its unprecedented high precision parallax measurements to review the census of objects within 10 pc.
Aims. The first aim of this work was to compile all stars and brown dwarfs within 10 pc observable by Gaia and compare it with the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars as a quality assurance test. We complement the list to get a full 10 pc census, including bright stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets.
Methods. We started our compilation from a query on all objects with a parallax larger than 100 mas using the Set of Identifications, Measurements, and Bibliography for Astronomical Data database (SIMBAD). We completed the census by adding companions, brown dwarfs with recent parallax measurements not in SIMBAD yet, and vetted exoplanets. The compilation combines astrometry and photometry from the recent Gaia Early Data Release 3 with literature magnitudes, spectral types, and line-of-sight velocities.
Results. We give a description of the astrophysical content of the 10 pc sample. We find a multiplicity frequency of around 27%. Among the stars and brown dwarfs, we estimate that around 61% are M stars and more than half of the M stars are within the range from M3.0 V to M5.0 V. We give an overview of the brown dwarfs and exoplanets that should be detected in the next Gaia data releases along with future developments.
Conclusions. We provide a catalogue of 540 stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets in 339 systems, within 10 pc from the Sun. This list is as volume-complete as possible from current knowledge and it provides benchmark stars that can be used, for instance, to define calibration samples and to test the quality of the forthcoming Gaia releases. It also has a strong outreach potential.
Joint Effect of Multiple Prothrombotic Genotypes and Obesity on the Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Frischmuth Tobias , Hindberg Kristian , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Brumpton Ben , Hveem Kristian , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The impact of the combination of obesity and multiple prothrombotic genotypes on venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk remains unclear.
Objective To investigate the joint effect of obesity and a genetic risk score (GRS) composed of established prothrombotic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on VTE risk using a population-based case–cohort.
Methods Cases with incident VTE (n = 1,470) and a subcohort (n = 12,826) were derived from the Tromsø Study (1994–2012) and the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) (1995–2008). Participants were genotyped for ABO (rs8176719), F5 (rs6025), F2 (rs1799963), FGG (rs2066865), and F11 (rs2036914) SNPs. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated according to body mass index (BMI) categories and number of risk alleles for individual SNPs and the GRS (0–1, 2, 3, ≥4 alleles).
Results The combination of obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2) and risk alleles, either as individual SNPs or as a GRS, had an additive effect on VTE risk (i.e., no biological interaction). Obese subjects who were carriers of ≥4 risk alleles had a 2.85-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–3.96) increased risk of overall VTE compared with those with BMI <25 kg/m2 and 0 to 1 risk allele. However, in subgroups, the combination of obesity and ≥4 risk alleles was more pronounced for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (HR: 3.20; 95% CI: 2.09–4.90) and unprovoked VTE (HR: 3.82; 95% CI: 2.25–6.47), suggesting a supra-additive effect.
Conclusion Our findings indicate that the combination of obesity and GRS has an additive effect on the risk of overall VTE. However, it may have a supra-additive effect on the risk of DVT and unprovoked VTE.
Microsurgical Resection of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma through Pterional Approach with Extradural Optic Canal Unroofing
Authors: Matsuo Satoshi , Amano Toshiyuki , Yamashita Sojiro , Miyamatsu Yuichiro , Nakamizo Akira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTuberculum sellae meningiomas pose significant challenges because they are surrounded by crucial neurovascular structures, such as the optic and oculomotor nerves, pituitary stalk, internal carotid artery and its branches, and the anterior cerebral arteries. Even if small, such meningiomas frequently extend to the optic canal that is considered a poor prognostic factor for vision. In this video clip, we illustrate the case of a 60-year-old female who had an approximately 3-cm tuberculum sellae meningioma with optic canal involvement. She underwent surgical resection of the tumor through a pterional approach. After extradural optic canal unroofing, detaching, devascularizing, and debulking the tumor, careful dissection of the meningioma from the surrounding tissues was performed. Next, the tumor extensions into both of the optic canals were removed. Finally, coagulation and resection of the tumor origin on the dura of the tuberculum sellae following Simpson's grade-I resection were performed. Histopathology revealed that the tumor was a World Health Organization (WHO) grade-I meningioma. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and her visual acuity was preserved, with no visual field defect on postoperative visual examination. In this video, the basic surgical techniques in performing extradural optic canal unroofing, preserving the arachnoid plane, and stay in collect layer, which is the essential technique for dissecting meningiomas and for preserving neurovascular structures, are demonstrated.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/vD54Iji0C4Q.
Correlation between Raman spectra and color of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thermally evaporated from a tungsten filament
Authors: Escalante Germán , López Roberto , Demesa Francisco Noé , Villa-Sánchez Gerardo , Castrejón-Sánchez Víctor Hugo , Vivaldo de la Cruz Israel 
Published: May 2021

The color exhibited by tungsten trioxide (WO3) can be associated with both its stoichiometry and crystallinity. Correlation between the color exhibited by WO3 powders and their purity and crystalline properties is reported in this paper. The WO3 powders were deposited by evaporation of tungsten trioxide from the surface of a tungsten filament. The WO3 powders exhibited three different shades of blue: navy, royal, and sky. The color of the WO3 powders changed to white after thermal treatment at 500 °C for 30 min in an ambient atmosphere. Raman analyses showed that transition from amorphous to crystalline WO3 started when the powders exhibited navy-blue color and ended when WO3 powders exhibited a white color. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed particle agglomeration characteristics in all WO3 powders, even after they were thermally treated. The mechanism of deposition of WO3 from the tungsten filament was suggested to be governed by thermal evaporation of tungsten trioxide from the surface of the oxidized tungsten filament.
Dynamics of hole injection from p-GaN drain of a hybrid drain embedded GIT
Authors: Sun Jinming , Haeberlen Oliver , Ostermaier Clemens , Prechtl Gerhard , Tadikonda Ramakrishna , Persson Eric , Garg Reenu , Imam Mohamed , Khalil Sameh , Charles Alain 
Published: May 2021

The addition of a p-GaN drain to a conventional gate-injection transistor (GIT), forming the so-called hybrid drain embedded GIT, is crucial in the suppression of the dynamic Rdson. The DC leakage due to hole injection is limited to around 10 nA/mm at 600 V (25 °C). However, an injected hole current of several amperes (W = 210 mm) has been observed during the hard switching event. To reconcile this difference over 6 orders of magnitude, a TCAD study is carried out to understand the dynamics of the hole injection and what leads to the difference between the static and the transient current. According to the scenario played out by the present simulation model, the high concentration of carbon, intentionally doped to control the vertical leakage, plays a crucial role in limiting the hole injection current to its DC level, while under fast switching, the hole injection current can be very high due to a lag in response on the part of the carbon trap.