bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential relationship between dietary fat and cholesterol on total mortality in Korean population cohorts
Authors: Kwon Yu‐Jin , Hyun Dae Sung , Koh Sang‑Baek , Lee Ji‑Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssociations among dietary fat, cholesterol intake and total mortality remain controversial, and most available data cover Western populations. The aim of this study was to assess associations for dietary fat and cholesterol in relation to total mortality in Koreans.MethodsThis study used data from three prospective Korean Genome and Epidemiology studies (conducted between June 2001 and December 2013). A total of 194,295 middle‐aged and older Korean adults were included. Dietary fat intake was classified into quintiles. Dietary cholesterol intake was categorized into three groups based on cholesterol intake as follows: <200 mg, 200–299 mg and ≥300 mg. A multivariable Cox frailty model with random effects was applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounders.ResultsWe documented 3866 deaths across a mean (min–max) follow‐up period of 8.15 years (3–13 years). Higher fat intake was associated with lower total mortality (Q5 vs. Q1, HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.69, 0.98]; p trend < 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, exercise and total calorie and protein (%) intake. Higher dietary cholesterol intake (≥300 mg/day) was associated with a higher risk of total mortality (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.04, 1.37]) than lower cholesterol intake (<200 mg/day) in the multivariate model.ConclusionsIn Koreans, high dietary fat intake is associated with a lower risk of total mortality, while dietary cholesterol intake above 300 mg/day is associated with a higher risk of total mortality.
Functional and morphological correlates of developmental dyslexia: A multimodal investigation of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex
Authors: Borghesani Valentina , Wang Cheng , Watson Christa , Bouhali Florence , Caverzasi Eduardo , Battistella Giovanni , Bogley Rian , Yabut Nicole A. , Deleon Jessica , Miller Zachary A. , Hoeft Fumiko , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThe ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is a region crucial for reading acquisition through selective tuning to printed words. Developmental dyslexia is a disorder of reading with underlying neurobiological bases often associated with atypical neural responses to printed words. Previous studies have discovered anomalous structural development and function of the vOT in individuals with dyslexia. However, it remains unclear if or how structural abnormalities relate to functional alterations.MethodsIn this study, we acquired structural, functional (words and faces processing), and diffusion MRI data from 26 children with dyslexia (average age = 10.4 ± 2.0 years) and 14 age‐matched typically developing readers (average age = 10.4 ± 1.6 years). Morphological indices of local gyrification, neurite density (i.e., dendritic arborization structure), and orientation dispersion (i.e., dendritic arborization orientation) were analyzed within the vOT region that showed preferential activation in typically developing readers for words (as compared to face stimuli).ResultsThe two cohorts diverged significantly in both functional and structural measures. Compared to typically developing controls, children with dyslexia did not show selectivity for words in the left vOT (contrast: words > false fonts). This lack of tuning to printed words was associated with greater neurite dispersion heterogeneity in the dyslexia cohort, but similar neurite density. These group differences were not present in the homologous contralateral area, the right vOT.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of the lack of vOT word tuning in dyslexia by linking behavior, alterations in functional activation, and neurite organization.
Legal socialization during adolescence: The emerging role of school resource officers
Authors: Granot Yael , Tyler Tom R. , Durkin Allison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdolescence and later childhood are critical periods for developing attitudes toward legal authorities, a process known as legal socialization. Traditionally, scholars have understood contact with local police officers and experiences with the juvenile justice system to drive legal socialization. These interactions, and in particular how fair they are perceived to be, influence long‐term views about the legitimacy of the legal system and future criminal behavior. In recent years, however, the potential for adolescent contact with police has increased exponentially through their presence in a new context: schools. In a survey of high schoolers, we explored how school‐based police, school resource officers (SROs), function as an emerging nexus of legal socialization. We found that SROs’ influence extends beyond school grounds: the more procedurally just students perceived SROs to be, the more they were willing to follow their directives and to obey police outside of school. Further, procedural justice perceptions of SROs were correlated with school climate outcomes, including self‐reported academic success, anxiety, and identification with the school community. Our results speak to the connection between legal socialization and other developmental processes like community engagement and support expanding robust theories of legal socialization to consider arenas that intermingle legal and non‐legal authority.
A novel bone marrow‐sparing treatment for primary erythrocytosis in a cat: Onion powder
Authors: Vasilatis Demitria M. , McGill Jennifer E. , Gilor Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrimary erythrocytosis (PE) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm in cats resulting in the overproduction of erythrocytes. Current treatment modalities include repeated phlebotomy and chemotherapeutic drugs. These treatments may not be well tolerated by the cat and can present safety and financial challenges to owners. Because of the rarity of PE, prospective studies for new treatment options are difficult to perform. This case report describes the novel use of onion powder in an attempt to produce Heinz body‐induced erythrocyte destruction in order to decrease total erythrocyte mass and normalize the hematocrit in a cat with PE. To our knowledge, the use of onion powder in the treatment of PE in cats has never been described before and may have potential as a safe, low‐cost, and highly accessible alternative treatment for this rare disease.
Evaluation of compounded trilostane packets for dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Nam Sookin , Kim Tae‐won , Song Kun‐ho , Feldman Edward C. , Seo Kyoung‐won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDogs treated for naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH) in Korea often appear to require higher doses of trilostane than recommended by authors in the United States, Europe, or the United Kingdom. This phenomenon may be related to compounding trilostane into packets, which is a common practice among veterinary clinics in Korea.ObjectiveAnalyze packets filled by hand and others filled using a semi‐automatic packing device for accuracy of trilostane strength.AnimalsMedication packets prepared for 3 dogs with preexisting prescriptions for NOH were analyzed.MethodA trilostane assay was developed for analysis. Trilostane (Vetoryl) capsules were used as clinical controls. Forty‐four medication packets containing trilostane (Vetoryl), prepared by 3 clinicians for 3 dogs with NOH were analyzed.ResultsOf 44 trilostane‐containing packets, only 40.9% (18 packets) had acceptable strength of trilostane.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinicians should be aware that compounding trilostane into packets fails to consistently provide measured amounts of trilostane, potentially interfering with response to treatment for NOH in dogs.
Effects of dietary fermentation products of kitchen waste on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemistry in juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratusgibelio) var.CAS III
Authors: Ao Huiling , Jiang Jiapeng , Liu Lihe , Liu Yang , Hu Bing , Chen Yubo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermentation products of kitchen waste (FPKW) on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, and serum biochemistry for juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp “CAS III.” A total of 540 fish (7.47 ± 0.20 g/fish) were distributed among 18 aquariums at a density of 30 fish per tank in a completely randomized design (triplicated) and were fed diets containing 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 30% FPKW for 60 days. The results showed the weight gain rate (WGR) of fish varied quadratically with FPKW, and the WGRmax was observed when FPKW supplementation was 11.13%. Compared to the control group, the protease and lipase activities in midgut and hepatopancreas increased significantly when FPKW was 12%. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in 30% FPKW group were significantly lower than other groups. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly higher than other groups when FPKW was 30%. The histological examination of hepatopancreas, midgut, and kidney of fish was consistent with the growth and digestive capacity. In conclusion, there were positive effects on fish when FPKW was less than 12%.
Eyewitness testimony and epistemic agency
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEyewitness testimony is a powerful form of evidence, and this is especially true in the United States criminal legal system. At the same time, eyewitness misidentification is the greatest contributing factor to wrongful convictions proven by DNA testing. In this paper, I offer a close examination of this tension between the enormous epistemic weight that eyewitness testimony is afforded in the United States criminal legal system and the fact that there are important questions about its reliability as a source of evidence. In Sections 1 and 2, I argue that lineups and interrogations often function by way of extracting testimony from an eyewitness through practices that are manipulative, deceptive, or coercive. I then show, in Section 3, that when testimony that is extracted in these ways is given an unwarranted excess of credibility, the eyewitness in question is the victim of what I call agential testimonial injustice. I conclude that since much of the testimony of eyewitnesses is both extracted and given an excess of credibility, there is a fairly widespread form of epistemic injustice being inflicted upon testifiers in the United States criminal legal system. This calls for reforms along both dimensions—lineups and interrogations should go through a witness's epistemic agency, rather than bypassing, exploiting, or undermining it, and the weight of the resulting testimony should be viewed in the broader context of its significant fallibility.
Host age and surrounding vegetation affect the community and colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate grassland
Authors: Šmilauer Petr , Košnar Jiří , Kotilínek Milan , Pecháčková Sylvie , Šmilauerová Marie 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts for the majority of terrestrial vascular plants, yet the drivers of the compositional variation in AMF communities need to be better understood. What effects does the ontogenetic stage of host plants have and do these effects differ between plant functional groups? Are the AMF communities modified by the properties of surrounding vegetation, such as the proportion of different functional groups or nonmycorrhizal plants ?

We addressed these questions in a temperate grassland and studied AMF communities using next‐generation sequencing and light microscopy, evaluating their composition, taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, functional traits and root colonization levels.

We found important differences between AMF communities and their diversity between seedlings and adults which are larger than the differences among host species or between functional groups. The proportion of nonmycorrhizal plants in the surrounding affected AMF community composition and increased its richness.

Our results highlight the need for further investigating the existence of a common mycelial networks. The decision to use seedlings for experimental work can affect the results more than the chosen host species.
Consistent responses of yield and resistance of wheat cultivars to the root‐lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, in the Australian northern subtropical region, but not in the temperate southern region
Authors: Owen Kirsty J. , Fanning Joshua P. , Reeves Karyn L. , Hollaway Grant J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo understand the yield response of cereal cultivars to Pratylenchus thornei, eight experiments were conducted within the subtropical northern, and temperate southern grain‐producing regions of Australia. Wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) ranging from susceptible to moderately resistant to P. thornei were grown in Year 1 to establish a range of population densities. In Year 2 before sowing, P. thornei was quantified in each plot and six cereal cultivars were each grown on a similar range of population densities (average minimum to maximum of 3.4–60.6 P. thornei/g soil); P. thornei was quantified again at harvest. In the four experiments in the northern region there was a significant, negative logarithmic response of yield of the three most intolerant/susceptible cultivars as P. thornei population densities increased (yield decreased 172–479 kg/ha per unit increase in loge‐transformed P. thornei/g soil). The responsiveness of yield to increasing P. thornei population densities diminished as the tolerance and resistance of the cultivars improved. In the southern region, there was no relationship between yield and P. thornei in three experiments and minor, positive increases in one experiment (1.6 kg/ha per unit increase in P. thornei/g soil). Across both regions, the change in P. thornei population densities from sowing to harvest was logarithmic and positive, and generally greatest in the northern region. The contrast of responses of cereal cultivars between the regions, despite similar population densities of P. thornei, is indicative of the influence of the environment particularly on tolerance, therefore management with a regional focus is essential.
Improving houses in the Bolivian Chaco increases effectiveness of residual insecticide spraying against infestation with Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas disease
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel , Landivar Daniel , Grover Sañez Liendo Edson , Mamani Fernandez Janet , Ismail Hanafy M. , Paine Mark J. I. , Courtenay Orin , Bern Caryn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveFailure to control domestic Triatoma infestans in the Chaco is attributed to vulnerable adobe construction, which provides vector refuges and diminishes insecticide contact. We conducted a pilot to test the impact of housing improvement plus indoor residual spraying (IRS) on house infestation and vector abundance in a rural community in the Bolivian Chaco.MethodsThe intervention included three arms: housing improvement + IRS [HI], assisted IRS [AS] in which the team helped to clear the house pre‐IRS and routine IRS [RS]. HI used locally available materials, traditional construction techniques and community participation. Vector parameters were assessed by Timed Manual Capture for 2 person‐hours per house at baseline and medians of 114, 173, 314, 389 and 445 days post‐IRS‐1. A second IRS round was applied at a median of 314 days post‐IRS‐1.ResultsPost‐intervention infestation indices and abundance fell in all three arms. The mean odds of infestation was 0.29 (95% CL 0.124, 0.684) in the HI relative to the RS arm. No difference was observed between AS and RS. Vector abundance was reduced by a mean 44% (24.8, 58.0) in HI compared to RS, with no difference between AS and RS. Median delivered insecticide concentrations per house were lower than the target of 50 mg/m2 in >90% of houses in all arms.ConclusionHousing improvement using local materials and community participation is a promising strategy to improve IRS effectiveness in the Bolivian Chaco. A larger trial is needed to quantify the impact on reinfestation over time.
Effect of Compressibility on Velocity Profile and Friction Factor of Gaseous Laminar Flows in a Microtube
Authors: Murakami Shintaro , Kaoru Toyoda , Asako Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Laminar flow of nitrogen gas in a microtube was simulated numerically to obtain velocity profile and Fanning friction factor in a quasi-fully developed region. The numerical procedure based on Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian method solved two-dimensional compressible momentum and energy equations. The computations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds number in laminar flow regime with adiabatic wall condition. It was found that the velocity profile deviates from the parabola as Mach number increases, and the product of Fanning friction factor and Reynolds number is not a constant but a function of only Mach number. To explain the compressibility effect, a new theoretical flow model which gives the velocity profile of gaseous laminar flows in a microtube was proposed under the assumption of purely axial flow. The theoretical velocity profile is taking radial-direction density change into account, and coincides with the numerically obtained velocity profile. The proposed flow model also shows that the Fanning friction factor of a compressible flow in a microtube is expressed by a quadratic function of Mach number. The coefficient of the Mach squared term is 40% of the numerically obtained correlation. The compressibility effect on friction factor of gaseous laminar flows in a microtube partly results from velocity profile change which must occur to keep the mass velocity profile when density changes in radial direction. The remainder of the compressibility effect can be considered to result from actual mass transfer in the radial direction whose existence was demonstrated by the numerical results.
A New Medical Device Modeling Framework for Predicting the Performance of Indwelling Continence Care Devices and Improving Patient Care
Authors: Bodner Jeff , Baxter Walt , Leung Christina , Falkner Phillip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A computational model of the human torso has been developed to study the stability of implanted leads that are part of a sacral nerve stimulation system. The model was built using presegmented anatomies that were themselves built from imaging of human patients. The sacral leads are represented using beam elements, and their interaction with the tissue is defined using a function that relates frictional force to the amount of slip between the lead and tissue. Displacements to the skin in the sacral region are applied to simulate activities of daily living, and the resulting displacement of the tip of the lead is indicative of its tendency to dislodge in real patients. Validation of the model was performed using experimental results collected in human cadavers. In these experiments, analogous displacements of the skin were applied after implantation of the leads per normal implant procedures. The displacement of the distal tip of the lead was measured using computed tomography (CT) imaging, allowing direct comparison to the predictions of the model. Recognizing that many model inputs were informed by sparse literature values, a novel application of uncertainty quantification methodology was developed wherein all model inputs were treated as uncertain intervals. This allowed an optimization approach to be used for estimating the uncertain interval for the model outputs. The computational model and cadaver results were used to study the performance of a new sacral lead design, relative to a predicate product. The results showed that the reduction in lead axial stiffness in the new design leads to less lead tip displacement, such that the lead is more likely to remain near the therapeutic target in patients.
The Effect of Serpent 2 Calculation Parameters on Evaluated Spent Nuclear Fuel Source Term
Authors: Tuominen Riku , Valtavirta Ville 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The estimation of spent nuclear fuel source term (decay heat, reactivity, nuclide inventory, etc.) has several sources of uncertainty such as uncertainties in nuclear data, uncertainties in the operation history, and choice of calculation parameters. In this work the effect of calculation parameters is studied by estimating the source term with the built-in burnup capability of serpent. The effect of the following parameters is considered: depletion zone division, burnup steps, unresolved resonance probability table sampling, Doppler-Broadening Rejection Correction (DBRC) and energy-dependent branching ratios. As a test case, a 2D Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) fuel assembly was modeled by first running a burnup calculation followed by a decay calculation. The following source term components were considered when investigating the effect of the studied parameters: total decay heat, photon emission rate and spontaneous fission rate. In general, the differences resulting from the use of different parameter variations were small for all three studied source term components. For the decay heat largest absolute relative difference was approximately 0.6% and for the photon emission rate approximately 1.1%. For the spontaneous fission rate maximum absolute relative difference of nearly 8% was observed. For all three components the variation of the depletion zone division resulted in the largest relative differences. Clear differences were also observed for burnup step length and DBRC variations. The use of unresolved resonance probability table sampling and energy-dependent branching ratios had an insignificant effect on the studied source term components.
Superphénix Benchmark Part I: Results of Static Neutronics
Authors: Ponomarev Alexander , Mikityuk Konstantin , Zhang Liang , Nikitin Evgeny , Fridman Emil , Álvarez-Velarde Francisco , Romojaro Otero Pablo , Jiménez-Carrascosa Antonio , García-Herranz Nuria , Lindley Ben , Baker Una , Seubert Armin , Henry Romain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the paper, the specification of a new neutronics benchmark for large sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) core and results of modeling by different participants are presented. The neutronics benchmark describes the core of the French sodium cooled reactor Superphénix at its startup configuration, which in particular was used for experimental measurement of reactivity characteristics. The benchmark consists of the detailed heterogeneous core specification for neutronic analysis and the results of the reference solution. Different core geometries and thermal conditions from the cold “as fabricated” up to full power were considered. The reference Monte Carlo (MC) solution of serpent 2 includes data on multiplication factor, power distribution, axial and radial reaction rates distribution, reactivity coefficients and safety characteristics, control rods worth, kinetic data. The results of modeling with seven other solutions using deterministic and MC methods are also presented and compared to the reference solution. The comparisons results demonstrate appropriate agreement of evaluated characteristics. The neutronics results will be used in the second phase of the benchmark for the evaluation of transient behavior of the core.