bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in the daily life of Turkish immigrants living in Austria: study protocol of a 30-day ambulatory assessment study
Authors: Goreis Andreas , Nater Urs M , Mewes Ricarda 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionChronic ethnic discrimination is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes in ethnic minority groups. It is assumed that suffering from repeated discriminatory events leads, over time, to psychological consequences such as higher perceived stress, higher negative affect and lower positive affect. Higher stress reactivity to non-discriminatory stressors, such as daily hassles, as well as anticipation and avoidance behaviour regarding discriminatory events, may further contribute to the overall burden for affected individuals. Studies investigating chronic ethnic discrimination and its psychological consequences in the daily lives of affected persons are lacking. Here, we present a study protocol to investigate the impact of chronic ethnic discrimination and acute discriminatory events in the daily lives of Turkish immigrants living in Austria, using an ambulatory assessment design. The feasibility of our study design was tested and confirmed in a pilot study (n=10).Methods and analysisNinety male Turkish immigrants will complete daily questionnaires for 30 days. Participants will indicate stress, perceived discrimination, negative and positive affect, daily hassles, anticipation and avoidance behaviour, as well as rumination with regard to discriminatory events on a daily basis. Furthermore, they will use preprogrammed iPods to assess acute discriminatory events in real time. Our hypotheses will be tested using multilevel analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional review board of the University of Vienna (reference number 00358). Results will be presented at conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
CompOSE
Authors: Typel Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCompOSE is a data base of equations of state (EoS) with detailed information on the thermodynamic, compositional and microscopic properties of dense matter that can be used in astrophysical simulations. It is available online and hosted by the Observatoire de Paris at Meudon. The development and main features of CompOSE are presented in this overview. Besides the furnishing of data tables in various EoS categories using a specific, flexible format, computational tools are provided to extract and manipulate the stored data either by employing codes for download or through a web interface. Comprehensive documentations of the EoS models with links to the original literature and an extensive manual are available. Prospects for the future development are indicated.
The NEUT neutrino interaction simulation program library
Authors: Hayato Yoshinari , Pickering Luke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract is a neutrino–nucleus interaction simulation program library. It can be used to simulate interactions for neutrinos with between 100 MeV and a few TeV of energy. is also capable of simulating hadron interactions within a nucleus and is used to model nucleon decay and hadron–nucleus interactions for particle propagation in detector simulations. This article describes the range of interactions modelled and how each is implemented.
Association between Diabetes Complications and the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pan Ying , Zhong Shao , Zhou Kaixin , Tian Zijian , Chen Fei , Liu Ziqing , Geng Zhaoxu , Li Shaoyun , Huang Rong , Wang Heyou , Zou Weiqing , Hu Ji 
Published: October 2021

Background. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a convenient indicator of insulin resistance. It has been shown to be associated with macrovascular and microvascular complications in nonhospitalized diabetic patients. However, whether TyG index is a risk factor of diabetes vascular complications in hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients is unclear. We sought to explore the association between TyG index and the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in a large Chinese cohort of hospitalized patients. Method. A total of 4,721 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University were enrolled between January 2015 and November 2020. TyG index was calculated as

ln

fasting

triglycerides

mg
/
dL

×
fasting

glucose

mg
/
dL

/
2

. Measures of macrovascular complications included brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI), whilst urine microalbumin (MAU), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were evaluated for microvascular complications. Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between TyG index and diabetes complications. Results. In univariate logistic regressions, higher TyG index was significantly (

p
<
0.002

) associated with increased odds of MAU (

OR
=
1.39

, 95% CI: [1.22~1.59]) and ABI (

OR
=
1.31

, 95% CI: [1.10-1.57]) but not CKD, DR, or ba-PWV. After controlling for confounders such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), TyG index remained strongly (

p
<
0.002

) associated with MAU and ABI. These associations were more pronounced (

p
<
0.001

) in patients with poor glycemic control or in the elderly. Conclusion. Hospitalized patients with an elevated TyG index were at a higher risk of lower limb vascular stenosis and nephric microvascular damage. Close monitoring of TyG index in patients with younger age or poor glycemic control could potentially reduce the burden of diabetes complications and prevent readmission.
Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Human Medulloblastoma Cells by p53 and the PI3 Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Naeem Aisha , Harish Varsha , Coste Sophie , Parasido Erika M. , Choudhry Muhammad Umer , Kromer Lawrence F. , Ihemelandu Chukuemeka , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Pierobon Mariaelena , Noon Muhammad Saad , Yenugonda Venkata Mahidhar , Avantaggiati Maria , Kupfer Gary M. , Fricke Stanley , Rodriguez Olga , Albanese Chris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

In medulloblastoma, p53 expression has been associated with chemoresistance and radiation resistance and with poor long-term outcomes in the p53-mutated sonic hedgehog, MYC-p53, and p53-positive medulloblastoma subgroups. We previously established a direct role for p53 in supporting drug resistance in medulloblastoma cells with high basal protein expression levels (D556 and DAOY). We now show that p53 genetic suppression in medulloblastoma cells with low basal p53 protein expression levels (D283 and UW228) significantly reduced drug responsiveness, suggesting opposing roles for low p53 protein expression levels. Mechanistically, the enhanced cell death by p53 knockdown in high-p53 cells was associated with an induction of mTOR/PI3K signaling. Both mTOR inhibition and p110α/PIK3CA induction confirmed these findings, which abrogated or accentuated the enhanced chemosensitivity response in D556 cells respectively while converse was seen in D283 cells. Co-treatment with G-actin–sequestering peptide, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), induced p-AKTS473 in both p53-high and p53-low cells, enhancing chemosensitivity in D556 cells while enhancing chemoresistance in D283 and UW228 cells.

Implications:
Collectively, we identified an unexpected role for the PI3K signaling in enhancing cell death in medulloblastoma cells with high basal p53 expression. These studies indicate that levels of p53 immunopositivity may serve as a diagnostic marker of chemotherapy resistance and for defining therapeutic targeting.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Correlates of Thyroid Carcinoma Evolution after BRAF Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Lee Mark , Untch Brian R. , Xu Bin , Ghossein Ronald , Han Catherine , Kuo Fengshen , Valero Cristina , Nadeem Zaineb , Patel Neal , Makarov Vladimir , Dogan Snjezana , Wong Richard J. , Sherman Eric J. , Ho Alan L. , Chan Timothy A. , Fagin James A. , Morris Luc G.T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Targeted inhibition of BRAF V600E achieves tumor control in a subset of advanced thyroid tumors. Nearly all tumors develop resistance, and some have been observed to subsequently undergo dedifferentiation. The molecular alterations associated with thyroid cancer dedifferentiation in the setting of BRAF inhibition are unknown. We analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing data from 639 advanced, recurrent and/or metastatic thyroid carcinomas, including 15 tumors that were treated with BRAF inhibitor drugs and had tissue sampled during or posttreatment, 8 of which had matched pretherapy samples. Pre- and posttherapy tissues from one additional patient were profiled with whole-exome sequencing and RNA expression profiling. Mutations in genes comprising the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and the PI3K–AKT–mTOR, MAPK, and JAK–STAT pathways all increased in prevalence across more dedifferentiated thyroid cancer histologies. Of 7 thyroid cancers that dedifferentiated after BRAF inhibition, 6 had mutations in these pathways. These mutations were mostly absent from matched pretreatment samples and were rarely detected in tumors that did not dedifferentiate. Additional analyses in one of the vemurafenib-treated tumors before and after anaplastic transformation revealed the emergence of an oncogenic PIK3CA mutation, activation of ERK signaling, dedifferentiation, and development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These findings validate earlier preclinical data implicating these genetic pathways in resistance to BRAF inhibitors, and suggest that genetic alterations mediating acquired drug resistance may also promote thyroid tumor dedifferentiation.

Implications:
The possibility that thyroid cancer dedifferentiation may be attributed to selective pressure applied by BRAF inhibitor–targeted therapy should be investigated further.
Sex Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: Insights From the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Bansal Agam , Cremer Paul C. , Jaber Wael A. , Rampersad Penelope , Menon Venu 
Published: October 2021

Background
The data on the differential impact of sex on the utilization and outcomes of valve replacement surgery for infective endocarditis are limited to single‐center and small sample size patient population.

Methods and Results

We utilized the National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients with a discharge diagnosis of infective endocarditis from 2004 to 2015 to assess differences in the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis stratified by sex. We also evaluated trends in utilization of cardiac valve replacement and individual valve replacement surgeries in women versus men over a 12‐year period, and compared in‐hospital mortality after surgical treatment in women versus men. A total of 81 942 patients were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of infective endocarditis from January 2004 to September 2015, of whom 44.31% were women. Women were less likely to undergo overall cardiac valve replacement (6.92% versus 12.12%), aortic valve replacement (3.32% versus 8.46%), mitral valve replacement (4.60% versus 5.57%), and combined aortic and mitral valve replacement (0.85% versus 1.81%) but had similar in‐hospital mortality rates. From 2004 to 2015, the overall rates of cardiac valve replacement increased from 11.76% to 13.96% in men and 6.34% to 9.26% in women and in‐hospital mortality declined in both men and women. Among the patients undergoing valve replacement surgery, in‐hospital mortality was higher in women (9.94% versus 6.99%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Despite increased utilization of valve surgery for infective endocarditis in both men and women and improving trends in mortality, we showed that there exists a treatment bias with underutilization of valve surgeries for infective endocarditis in women and demonstrated that in‐hospital mortality was higher in women undergoing valve surgery in comparison to men.
SLEAP SMART (Sleep Apnea Screening Using Mobile Ambulatory Recorders After TIA/Stroke): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boulos Mark I. , Kamra Maneesha , Colelli David R. , Kirolos Nardin , Gladstone David J. , Boyle Karl , Sundaram Arun , Hopyan Julia J. , Swartz Richard H. , Mamdani Muhammad , Loong Desmond , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Murray Brian J. , Thorpe Kevin E. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Poststroke/transient ischemic attack obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent, linked with numerous unfavorable health consequences, but remains underdiagnosed. Reasons include patient inconvenience and costs associated with use of in-laboratory polysomnography (iPSG), the current standard tool. Fortunately, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) can accurately diagnose OSA and is potentially more convenient and cost-effective compared with iPSG. Our objective was to assess whether screening for OSA in patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack using HSAT, compared with standard of care using iPSG, increased diagnosis and treatment of OSA, improved clinical outcomes and patient experiences with sleep testing, and was a cost-effective approach.

Methods:
We consecutively recruited 250 patients who had sustained a stroke/transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months. Patients were randomized (1:1) to use of (1) HSAT versus (2) iPSG. Patients completed assessments and questionnaires at baseline and 6-month follow-up appointments. Patients diagnosed with OSA were offered continuous positive airway pressure. The primary outcome was compared between study arms via an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results:

At 6 months, 94 patients completed HSAT and 71 patients completed iPSG. A significantly greater proportion of patients in the HSAT arm were diagnosed with OSA (48.8% versus 35.2%,
P
=0.04) compared with the iPSG arm. Furthermore, patients assigned to HSAT, compared with iPSG, were more likely to be prescribed continuous positive airway pressure (40.0% versus 27.2%), report significantly reduced sleepiness, and a greater ability to perform daily activities. Moreover, a significantly greater proportion of patients reported a positive experience with sleep testing in the HSAT arm compared with the iPSG arm (89.4% versus 31.1%). Finally, a cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that HSAT was economically attractive for the detection of OSA compared with iPSG.

Conclusions:
In patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack, use of HSAT compared with iPSG increases the rate of OSA diagnosis and treatment, reduces daytime sleepiness, improves functional outcomes and experiences with sleep testing, and could be an economically attractive approach.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02454023.
Regulating Research: The Origins and Institutionalization of Research Ethics Committees in Sweden
Authors: Tinnerholm Ljungberg Helena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The year 1966 saw the birth of Sweden’s first formal Research Ethics Committee (rec) at the medical university Karolinska Institute (ki). In the following years other ethical committees were institutionalized, coordinated by a working group steered by the Swedish Medical Research Council (smrc). Research ethical issues of a principled nature were also discussed by the Ethics Delegation of the Swedish Society of Medicine (ssm). Between 1966 and 1975, around 500 research proposals were assessed by rec s in Sweden, and the medical community started to follow certain protocols when preparing applications for ethical review. This paper traces the origins and early development of the rec system in Sweden and offers an analysis of their practices, discussions, and assessments through the reading of meeting protocols and correspondence between central actors. The aim is to sketch out how and why the system of research ethics committees emerged, became institutionalized, and developed in Sweden from the 1960s to the early 1980s. This paper connects to the recent empirical turn in historical research on medical research ethics and regulations, by focusing on how the insiders, i.e., the medical community, reacted to new demands of ethical review. The analysis illustrates how the medical researchers interacted with transnational funders, the Patients Association, a broader public, governmental authorities, and parliamentary politics when developing the Swedish rec system.
Characteristics and Predictability of Midwestern United States Drought
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Ford Trent W. , Woloszyn Molly , Otkin Jason A. , Eischeid Jon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCharacteristics and predictability of drought in the Midwestern United States, spanning the Great Plains to the Ohio Valley, at local and regional scales are examined during 1916-2015. Given vast differences in hydroclimatic variability across the Midwest, drought is evaluated in four regions identified using a hierarchical clustering algorithm applied to an integrated drought index based on soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and three-month runoff from land surface models forced by observed analyses. Highlighting the regions containing the Ohio Valley (OV) and Northern Great Plains (NGP), the OV demonstrates a preference for sub-annual droughts, the timing of which can lead to prevalent dry epochs, while the NGP demonstrates a preference for annual-to-multi-annual droughts. Regional drought variations are closely related to precipitation, resulting in a higher likelihood of drought onset or demise during wet seasons: March-November in the NGP and all year in the OV, with a preference for March-May and September-November. Due to the distinct dry season in the NGP, there is a higher likelihood of longer drought persistence, as the NGP is four times more likely to experience drought lasting at least one year compared to the OV. While drought variability in all regions and seasons are related to atmospheric wave trains spanning the Pacific-North American sector, longer-lead predictability is limited to the OV in December-February because it is the only region/season related to slow-varying sea surface temperatures consistent with El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The wave trains in all other regions appear to be generated in the atmosphere, highlighting the importance of internal atmospheric variability in shaping Midwestern drought.
A multi-objective optimization operation strategy for ice-storage air-conditioning system based on improved firefly algorithm
Authors: Zhou Xinwei , Yu Junqi , Zhang Wanhu , Zhao Anjun , Zhou Min 
Published: October 2021

Reasonable distribution of cooling load between chiller and ice tank is the key to realize the economical and energy-saving operation of ice-storage air-conditioning (ISAC) system. A multi-objective optimization model based on improved firefly algorithm (IFA) was established in this study to fully exploit the energy-saving potential and economic benefit of the ISAC system. The proposed model took the partial load rate of each chiller and the cooling ratio of the ice tank as optimization variables, and the lowest energy consumption loss rate and the lowest operating cost of the ISAC system were calculated. Chaotic logic self-mapping was used to initialize population to avoid falling into local optimum, and Cauchy mutation was used to increase the population’s diversity to improve the algorithm’s global search ability. The experimental results show that compared with the operation strategy based on constant proportion, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and firefly algorithm (FA), the optimal operation strategy based on IFA can achieve more significant energy-saving and economic benefits. Meanwhile, the convergence accuracy and stability of the algorithm are significantly improved. Practical application: The optimized operation strategy of the ice-storage air-conditioning system can reduce energy loss and operating costs. The traditional operation strategies have the problems of low optimization precision and poor optimization effect. Therefore, this study presents an optimal operation strategy based on IFA. The convergence accuracy and stability of the algorithm are increased after the algorithm is improved. The operation strategy can get the maximum energy-saving effect and economic benefit of the ISAC system.
Posttranscriptional inhibition of γ-adducin promotes the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Suo Zhigang , Ma Xiucai , Ding Yueping , Zhou Yu , Duan Xiangguo , Fei Le , Song Jianmin , Ding Huiqiang 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The expression of cytoskeleton-related protein γ-adducin (ADD3) was abnormally reduced in some tumors. Functional experiments demonstrated that it could inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer and glioma, whereas the involvement of ADD3 in osteosarcoma was not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ADD3 in osteosarcoma and its upstream regulatory mechanisms. Methods: ADD3 was knocked down by siRNA transfection and the expression level of ADD3 was determined using quantitative real-time PCR assay and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and colony formation were performed to detect the capacity of cell proliferation. Transwell assay and PI and Annexin V-FITC staining were used to determine cell migration and apoptosis, respectively. Luciferase reporter experiment was performed to investigate the interaction between ADD3 and miR-23b-3p. Results: Based on gene silencing assays, we showed that knockdown of ADD3 suppressed apoptosis and promoted the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, revealing inhibitory effects of ADD3 in osteosarcoma. Luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-23b-3p could bind to the 3'-UTR of ADD3. Upregulation of miR-23b-3p not only inhibited the expression of ADD3, but also released the tumor suppressive role of ADD3 on the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions: Our study found that ADD3 functioned as a tumor suppressor gene during osteosarcoma development. The abnormal upregulation of miR-23b-3p targeted the expression of ADD3 and resulted in accelerated osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. Thus, the miR-23b-3p/ADD3 axis contributes to the development of osteosarcoma and ADD3 is a key driver of malignancy.