bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewable energy source selection for a green port with AHP
Authors: Perwira Mulia Tarigan A , Hasan Md Mobassurul , Khairi Abd Wahab M , Dogheche Elhadj , Djamaludin Achmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In view of the need to reduce the greenhouse gas emission causing global climate change coupled with the necessity to protect the environment around port vicinities, the green port concept receives considerable attention. This concept’s motivation is to balance environmental challenges with economic demands such that seaports improve their financial, commercial, and operational performances. In this regard, the use of renewable energy is one of the viable solutions. Based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, this paper presents a systematic approach for selecting the most suitable alternative of renewable energy sources. The results show that for the case of Kuala Tanjung Port, solar energy is the most favored alternative, followed by wind energy, biomass, and wave energy. It is hoped that this paper provides a starting point to plan for a long-term renewable energy strategy in the context of a green port.
Analysis of the impact of harmonic increase due to penetration of variations in the number of roof PV in the distribution network during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Jintaka D R , Priambodo N W , Habibie A S , Tofani K M , Ridwan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increased penetration of rooftop PV in the distribution network was triggered by the reason for free energy obtained from the sun and an incremental decrease in prices for solar panels. These were bringing it closer to grid parity. However, massive rooftop PVs without storage at medium and low voltages will cause power quality problems, namely increased voltage fluctuation, unbalanced voltage, and harmonics, in addition to active load fluctuations and power factor on nearby buses. The use of an inverter to convert DC to AC will increase the number of non-linear loads on the network so that it will increase the presence of harmonics. In early 2020 the Coronavirus pandemic was spread over the world and brought people to have activities from home. This condition shifts the portion of power consumption for each sector and increases the probability of rooftop PVs usage. This paper analysed the comparison of the use of two inverters with different harmonic characteristics with various levels of rooftop PV penetration in the distribution network. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the existing harmonic characteristics of the inverter used has a more significant impact than the PV rooftop penetration level on the increase of harmonics in the distribution network.
Performance analysis of an improved solar dryer with hybrid system
Authors: Romauli N D M , Sihombing H V , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study describes the development of a solar dryer system by using the hybrid photovoltaic solar dryer. The study also compares the conventional solar dryer collector system and the solar dryer hybrid system. Measurements under the same conditions of temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and moisture ratio were performed for both systems. The results showed that drying by using the hybrid solar dryer collector system is 10 % faster than by using conventional solar dryer system. The result of current study is beneficial to increase the drying performance of the solar dryer on the future.
Improvement of thermal performance of the finned tube flat plate solar water heater
Authors: Sihombing H V , Yohanes Setyawan Eko , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The collector is the main component of the solar thermal system. The collector collects the heat of the sun’s energy, and then transfer this heat into a fluid. This paper studies the effect of an absorber tube with a tube finned of a solar flat plate water heater. The investigation of this system is carried using an experimental study. A plat absorber of 1.6 m x 1.1 m size was employed. Here, fins are used as an extended surface inside an absorber tube. Radiation, ambient temperature, mass flow, temperature water inlet, temperature water outlet was collected during the experiment. The performance of the water heater was discussed. The experimental performance of the system solar water heater was focused on measured collector’s outlet hot water temperature and solar irradiance power available during sunny hours. Thermal efficiency is found to be higher for utilized of tube fin.
The novel algorithm of dual-axis solar tracker in severe weather condition
Authors: Pratama A Y , Irianto C G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fulfilling the energy demand by using fossil fuel is still heavily dependent. Eco-friendly-based energy like solar energy is being employed. Solar energy possess the potential to adequately fulfil more than ten times of current energy demand, which means it is profitable in terms of energy and environment. Harvesting solar energy using solar cells has issues with its efficiency. The tracking system is believed to enhance the efficiency of solar panels. In other hand, the current system failed when it comes to severe. Global horizon irradiance in severe weather, solar radiation is scattered evenly in the horizontal plane. So, adding the diffused irradiance parameter to the algorithm hopefully tackle the double axis solar tracker (DAST) current issues. This DAST system uses Arduino Uno as the main control. Light dependent resistor (LDR) as a sensor in the DAST system. Servo motor as an actuator is used. Experiment result in sunny day, cloudy day, and rainy day, respectively 59.67Wh, 38.20 Wh, and 2.5 Wh. In other hand, a fixed tilt angle system generates 46.51 Wh on sunny day, 29.84 Wh on cloudy day, and 1.95 Wh on rainy day.
Natural gas transportation business contribution to Indonesia’s national energy policy and carbon emission offset by on-grid solar PV utilization: Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dhina Nadhilah , Permana Tegar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Corporations need to assess their practices in environmental management. PT Pertamina Gas, as energy SOE which runs natural gas transportation, is considered to contribute to National Energy Policy particularly in terms of achieving 23% part of the energy mix by renewable resources. Pertamina Gas Operation East Java Area transports natural gas in a 370 km subsea pipeline to 69 km onshore. It needs 1,459.73 GJ for supporting facilities derived from electricity and fuel in 2019 alone. This study aims to analyze energy management practices in the natural gas business with related policies. The 5.25 kwp on-grid Solar PV utilization, an in-office area located in Surabaya, substitutes 3.3% electricity from state-owned provider source, as a result, 2% part of its energy mix profile fulfilled by renewable energy. It reached 7,281.1 kWh per year. Its cost and benefits analysis show positive cash flow in year-15; PI >1. Its levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is Rp 949.72, which is competitive enough to East Java electricity generation cost (BPP). It is followed by coal-based power carbon emission reduction to about 5.95 ton CO2 in a year. Thus, it is possible for East Java Area to contribute in corporate sustainability policy and to achieve the global goals.
Challenges and prospects of developing city gas to reduce imported LPG in Indonesia
Authors: Sadiyah H , Iswandi E , Thamrin S , Sasongko, N A , Dwi Kuntjoro Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has natural gas potential that can be developed through the city gas program. Although the city gas program has been designed since 2009, its effectiveness in addressing the critical LPG issues is still insignificant. The achievement of the city gas development target in 2019 has only reached 12% of the government’s target of 4.7 million SR (house connections) in 2025. We conducted content analysis and in-depth studies on several legal products and literature related to opportunities and challenges in the city gas development. We found that the main problem was the limited investment from both the government budget and the corporate budget. Challenges of city gas development are low project economics, delays in upstream natural gas projects and natural gas infrastructure development, and low customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, obstacles to city gas development are the length of the licensing process, social problems, unclear KPBU (Community - Business Entity Cooperation) scheme, and undefined handling of LPG subsidy (3 Kg). This finding is expected to be taken into consideration in the formulation of a more effective and massive city gas development strategy in the future.
Value creation by capitalizing goodwill: equity funding using shareholder loan scheme to reduce electricity cost of provision
Authors: Ibrahim Irsyam Surya , Nico Siagian Herry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to support national economic growth, the government created a 35,000 MW program for Indonesia.. PT PLN (Persero) has assigned PT PJB to developed some projects under the IPP scheme as shareholders and project sponsors. PJB throughs its subsidiary, PJBI, has to carry out its role as a shareholder and project sponsor of projects with a 51% stake. PJBI could only deposit cash equity of 10% equity. The equity portion of 49% is the responsibility of the partner and 41% of the equity portion is fulfilled through loans. There are three equity funding scheme options discussed in this paper, namely a loan partner (option 1), shareholder loans (option 2), and bond issuance (option 3). It is assumed that the three options have the same project profiles. The feasibility indicators calculated in this paper are Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Project, IRR Equity, NPV of PJBI, and IRR of PJBI. The approach taken is to lock the tariffs of components A, B, C, D, and E on the three options, so that the effect of differences between schemes is generated in each output. Financial model calculations show that option 2 offers the largest NPV and IRR for PJBI, up to US$ 68,385,771 and 16.90%, followed by option 3 and option 1. Based on these calculations, option 2 is giving the greatest benefits to PJBI and suggested as the equity-funding schema.
A progressive alternative of energy planning for West Sumatera province
Authors: Arisyadi Ridho 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To ensure energy security for people, the Government develops energy planning, a plan that contains the baseline condition and projected energy consumption and energy supply in specific years. In West Sumatera Province’s Regional Energy Plan (RUED), The Local Government targeted 70.9% renewable energy share in its primary energy mix in 2050. The alternative scenario of power plant generation in West Sumatera base on the Regional Energy Plan Document for 2050 is developed in this paper. The share of renewable energy in the alternative scenario in 2050 is 100%. The alternative energy planning we design meet the expected electricity consumption each year. The Levelized Cost of energy for the alternative scenario cheaper than the RUED scenario in present value. With the rapid development of renewable energy technology, West Sumatera can achieve 100% renewable energy electricity in 2050 and give reasonable energy security confidence.
The identification of coal mining clearance impact on hydrology behavior of Batang Ombilin catchment area
Authors: Elok Mukhlisah Indah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research is to see the impact of coal mining activities between before and after the rise of coal mining; since the Regional Autonomy Regulation executed to the latest conditions, based on the hydrological behavior of the Batang Ombilin Catchment in Sawahlunto. The Batang Ombilin Catchment is one of the significant drains in Sawahlunto with ± 2215 km2 of its area. Henceforth, this research focus is only on the analysis of ten sub-catchments with area ± 348.42 km2 of ± 2215 km2 total of the catchment area that they contribute significantly to the catchment. This research uses Land cover data from Landsat images of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer. Henceforward, the Interpretation used is Guided Interpretation with the Maximum Likelihood method. This such Interpretation is to ease the distinction of vegetated lands classification (i.e., densely vegetated land, sparsely vegetated land (bare), and open land; due to rivers, housing, gardens, fields, and mining areas). The research results that changes in government regulations have a significant impact on the growth of the mining industry in Sawahlunto, which is direct, impacted the land utilization to the mining industry utilization for years. The regulations also guide the behavior of the people involved in the mining industry of the land utilization management directly. This indication based on the decrease of the land utilized for the open area that the mining industry boomed after the reclamation went through. In short, the change in land utilization has a direct impact on hydrological behavior.
Company participation in supporting national energy security through collective installation of rooftop solar panel of employees’ houses as an effort to accelerate increased utilization of solar energy
Authors: Ohira Yosi , Tjahja Kartika Bagus , Sarono Toto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To support the achievement of government targets in the New and Renewable Energy Program, and to play an active role in responding to global issues related to energy, environment, global warming, and energy conservation issues, large and medium-sized companies can encourage them to use renewable energy. energy through a campaign for all employees to take advantage of the solar panel system in every home, which can be integrated with the electricity grid of the State Electricity Company (PLN). The direct benefit that employees get from using a solar panel system is that it can reduce household electricity bills. The campaign was continued by realizing a collective rooftop solar panel installation program for employee rooftops with an instalment system that was not burdensome for 24 to 36 months, which was deducted from wages through the payroll system, of course taking into account the Company’s ability to fund the purchase and installation of rooftop solar panels. With this program, assuming a total capacity of 200 kWp in each company (around 100 employee houses), the maximum cost impact for the company is around Rp. 3.6 billion. If this program can be implemented simultaneously by all large and medium-sized companies in Indonesia, the potential for achieving solar energy use in 7 months could reach 6.72 GWp. Meanwhile, the Indonesian government is targeting the use of solar energy for the national energy mix in 2025 at 6.5 GW. With the participation of companies and supporting them, it is one way to achieve the target of using solar energy in Indonesia, which is 6.5 GW by 2025.
Nuclear energy contribution potential to secure electricity demand with low carbon emission and low risk of power plant in Indonesia
Authors: Permana Sidik , Trianti Nuri , Rahmansyah Adi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Government of Indonesia has shifted the paradigm to envisage energy as capital to develop the country. By far, the electricity produced from the power plant, which reaches 283.8 TWh in 2018, mostly originated from coal-fired power plants (56.4%). The remains produced by gas power plant (20.2%), diesel (6.3%), and renewable energy (17.1%). In National Energy General Plan, it stated that the new and renewable energy should be utilized at least 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050. The NRE potential which Indonesia has is around 431,745 MW. However, the installed capacity was only around 6,830 MW. Despite the large NRE potential, only a small portion of the capacity which already utilized for electricity production. In the 2014 National Energy Policy (KEN), the government-mandated five policy points regarding priority directions for national energy development, including nuclear as a last resort. Nuclear is one of the environmentally friendly energy sources and has considerable power potential, which can contribute 25% of total energy supply based on capacity factor and based load power plant approaches and synergy with other new and renewable energy resources for about 70% contribution from the total electricity supply. Nuclear energy has several features compared to other energy sources, including a cleaner and safer life cycle, high density energy as well as low cost for generating levelized cost and external cost. It is recommended that Indonesia consider nuclear energy as a potential new energy source to accelerate the country’s development.
Polymorphism of Insulin-induced Gene 1 (INSIG1) in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) from small farmer at Badung district, Bali island
Authors: Sudrajad P , Cahyadi M , Wulandari A S , Kusminanto R Y , Rifki M , Volkandari S D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle is originated from Bali Island, Indonesia and domesticated from Banteng (Bibos banteng). Bali cattle are well known as a beef cattle with good performance, high carcass percentage and good reproduction traits. Carcass and growth traits were influenced by genetic and environment. Genetically, both of them was influenced several gene or polygene. Insulin- induced gene 1 (INSIG1) is one of the gene which effected of growth traits in cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphism of INSIG1 gene in Bali cattle from small farmer at Badung district, Bali. Fifty three of fresh bloods were taken from Bali cattle and DNA was extracted using high salt method. Detection of SNP A4366G in INSIG1 gene used PCR-RFLP with TaqI restriction enzyme. Data was analyzed by Cervus 3.07 including allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity while Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was calculated directly using formula. Results showed that three variants of genotype (AA, AG, and GG) with two alleles, A (0.5%) and G (0.5%) were found in this population and polymorphism was detected. Heterozygosity observed and expected were 0.505 and 0.500, respectively. PIC value reached 0.375. This population was in genetic equilibrium based on HWE. In conclusion, polymorphism of INSIG1 gene in SNP A4366G of Bali cattle from small farmer at Badung district was detected and has genetic diversity. This result could be early genetic information of Bali cattle to identify of their potencies.
Polymorphism of GH Exon 2 (c.100A>G) and GH Exon 4 (c.68A>C) in Sapera Goat
Authors: Saputra F , Dewi G S , Anggraeni A , Sumantri C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Growth hormone gene plays a key role in regulating body growth and in developing mammary gland. Saanen and Etawah Grade (Peranakan Etawah) are widely cultivated in Indonesia to produce milk. Sapera goat is the crossing between Saanen goat and Etawah Grade goat. Sapera goats are used in Indonesia because they are more adaptive to the tropical climate compared to Saanen and more milk yield compared to Etawah Grade. This study aimed to identify on two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the growth hormone gene, namely GH exon 2 (SNP: c.100A>G) and GH exon 4 (SNP: c.68A>C). These two SNPs were identified by the PCR-RFLP method. The GH exon 2 showed three genotypes (AA, AG, and GG). All breeds of dairy goat exhibited the highest AG genotype frequency (0.600-0.100). On the other hand, GH exon 4 was monomorphic. GH exon 2 could be employed as a useful marker to assist selection related to the growth and milk traits in dairy goat breeds. Further analysis is needed to investigate GH exon 4 (SNP: c.68A>C) in a larger sample size.
Estimation output of Aceh cattle in livestock breeding and forage center of Indrapuri
Authors: Widyaningrum R , Budisatria I G S , Mukhtar  , Maharani D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Livestock Breeding and Forage Center (BPTU-HPT) Indrapuri is a technical implementation unit tasked with carrying out cattle breeding, especially the Aceh cattle. The objective of this study is to determine the estimated Aceh cattle output in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri, Aceh. Recording data covering the structure of the population, death and birth of cattle, expenditure, and income data in 2019 were used in this study. The results indicated that value of natural increase (NI) was 19.08%. Male cattle population exceeded 140.08% of the male breeding stock. Similary, the female population also was over the population’s female breeding stock (73.03%) with male and female net replacement rate (NRR) of 240.08% and 173.33%, respectively. Output estimation of Aceh cattle was 19.08% of population number. The calling rate of female cattle (5.58%) was almost twice compare to male Aceh cattle (3.92%). Meanwhile, male replacement stock remains at 5.49%, and female replacement remains at 4.09% of the total Aceh cattle population. In conclusion, Livestock Breeding and Forage Center (BPTU-HPT) Indrapuri is suitable as a source of Aceh cattle breeds, albeit it needs to be increased by natural increase through increasing birth rate and reducing death rate with better management so that it can be sustainable.
Genetic marker exploration of fertility genes IGF 1 and IGF 2 at Ongole Cross breed cattle with naturally twin birth
Authors: Aryogi  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of beef cattle with twin births naturally is still unknown. The aim of this research is to explore genetic marka of IGF1 and IGF 2 genes as regulators of fertility in beef cattle with twin births naturally. Ongole Cross (OC) breed catte, each 10 cows with single or twin births naturally in Beef Cattle Research Station, take blood to make plasma samples according to the Boyan method, than make DNA isolation samples according to the QIAamp method, to be PCR analysis according to the Perkin-Elmer method and to be sequencing according to the Phenol-Chloroform method, in the Tropical Disease Center (TDC) Hospital, Airlangga University. The primers used are IGF 1 forward 5’-CCTCTGCGGGGCTGAGTTGGT-3’, reverse 5’-CGACTTGGCGGGCTTGAGA GGC-3’ and IGF 2 forward 5’-TCTGTGCGGCGGGGAGCTGGT-3’, reverse 5’-AGTCTCCAGCA GGGCCAGGTCG-3. Parameters observed: allele band, genotypic diversity and nucleotide acids composition of IGF genes. Allele band variation data is processed with Nt programe software to determine its genotype, nucleotide gene sequens data is processed using the GENETIC MAC version 8 program to determine gemone mutation construction of IGF, then presented descriptively. The results showed: the spread of IGF 1 allele band in cows with single birth at position 875–1200 bp and twin birth at position 875–1485 bp; spreading of IGF 2 allele band in cows with single birth at position 450-590 bp and twin birth at position 455–1110 bp; genotype diversity of IGF 1 genes at cows with single birth was homozygous AA with allele size 920–1200 bp and twin birth was heterozygote AB with allele size A 875-1150 bp and B allele 1250–1485 bp; genotype diversity of IGF 2 genes in cows with single birth was homozygous AA with allele size 460–560 bp and twin birth was heterozygote AB with allele size A 450-590 bp and B allele 940–1110 bp; at certain positions and nucleotide acids arrangement in both IGF 1 and IGF 2 genes of cows with single birth, was different with twin birth. It was concluded, the genetic marka of IGF 1 and IGF 2 genes of OC breed cattle, were different among cows with single birth and cows with twin birth.