bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of internal variability of climate system in increase of air temperature in Wrocław (Poland) in the years 1951–2018
Authors: Marsz Andrzej Antoni , Styszyńska Anna , Bryś Krystyna , Bryś Tadeusz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the course of the annual air temperature in Wrocław (TWr variable) a rapid change of the thermal regime was found between 1987 and 1989. A similar temperature change has occurred in Central Europe. TWr increased by more than 1 deg a strong, statistically significant positive trend emerged. The analysis of processes showed that strong warming in the cold season of the year (December–March) occurred as a result of an increase in the NAO intensity and warming in the warm season as a result of increased sunshine duration. Multiple regression analysis has showed that the winter NAO Hurrell’s index explains 15% of TWr variance, and the sunshine duration of the ‘long day’ (April–August) period 49%, whereas radiative forcing 5.9%. This indicates that the factors incidental to the internal variability of the climate system explain 64% of the TWr variability and the effect of increased CO 2 concentration only ~6%. The reason for this rapid change of the thermal regime was a radical change in macro-circulation conditions in the Atlantic-European circular sector, which took place between 1988 and 1989. It has similarly changed the structure of the Central European weathers. The heat, which is the cause of warming in Wrocław, comes from an increase in solar energy inflow (April–August) and also is transported to Europe from the North Atlantic surface by atmospheric circulation (NAO). These results indicate that the role of CO 2 in shaping the contemporary temperature increase is overestimated, whereas internal variability of the climate system is underestimated.
Large Scale MIMO Analysis Using Enhanced LAMA
Authors: Bitra Hanumantharao , Ponnusamy Palanisamy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research work, a novel enhanced large scale multi-input multi-output (MIMO) approximate message passing (LAMA) based optimal data detection is proposed for large scale MIMO systems. Existing LAMA and sub-optimal detection techniques suffer from iteration complexity and performance loss in finite dimensional systems due to large scale user fading. To over come these, Gram matrix and message damping techniques are incorporated in the traditional LAMA. The effectiveness of the proposed enhanced LAMA and existing techniques are analyzed with 64, 32 and 16 user antennas, 256, 128, 64 and 16 base station elements with 64QAM, 16QAM, QPSK and BPSK. The simulation results show that the proposed enhanced LAMA gives superior performance when compared to existing matrix inversion methods such as Gauss sidle and Neumann, box techniques such as optimal co-ordinate descent and alternating direction method of multipliers based on the infinity norm, minimum mean square error and LAMA.
The Early Warning And Response System (EWARS-TDR) For Dengue Outbreaks: Can It Also Be Applied To Chikungunya And Zika Outbreak Warning?
Authors: Cardenas Rocio , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Benitez-Valladares David , Sanchez-Tejeda Gustavo , Kroeger Axel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. In the Americas, endemic countries for Aedes-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika face great challenges particularly since the recent outbreaks of CHIKV and ZIKV, all transmitted by the same insect vector Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR- WHO) has developed together with partners an early warning and Response System (EWARS) for dengue outbreaks based on a variety of alarm signals with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The question is if this tool can also be used for the prediction of Zika and chikungunya outbreaks.Methodology. We conducted in nine districts of Mexico and one large city in Colombia a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data (for the outbreak definition) and of climate and entomological data (as potential alarm indicators) produced by the national surveillance systems for dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak prediction covering the following outbreak years: for dengue 2012-2016, for Zika 2015-2017, for chikungunya 2014-2016. This period was divided into a “run in period” (to establish the “historical” pattern of the disease) and an “analysis period” (to identify sensitivity and PPV of outbreak prediction). Results. In Mexico, the sensitivity of alarm signals for correctly predicting an outbreak was 92% for dengue, and 97% for Zika (chikungunya data could not be obtained in Mexico); the PPV was 68% for dengue and 100% for Zika. The time period between alarm and start of the outbreak (i.e. the time available for early response activities) was for dengue 6-8 weeks and for Zika 3-5 weeks. In Colombia the sensitivity of the outbreak prediction was 92% for dengue, 93% for chikungunya and 100% for Zika; the PPV was 68% for dengue, 92% for chikungunya and 54% for Zika; the prediction distance was for dengue 3-5 weeks, for chikungunya 10-13 weeks and for Zika 6-10 weeks. Conclusion. The implementation of an early warning and response system (EWARS) could predict outbreaks of three Aedes borne diseases with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value and with a lag time long enough for preparing an adequate outbreak response in order to reduce the magnitude or avert the occurrence of outbreaks with their elevated social and economic tolls.
Evaluation of Health Perceptions And Healthcare Utilization Among Population-Based Female Cancer Survivors And Cancer-Free Women
Authors: Dibble Kate E , Kaur Maneet , Lyu Junrui , Connor Avonne E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Cancer survivors are more likely to report having a poor health status when compared to the general population; however, few studies have focused on the impact of cancer on perceived health status, in combination with other healthcare utilization and access outcomes, among women from disadvantaged health populations.Methods. 25,741 women with and without a history of cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016 contributed data. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models for the associations between cancer status and healthcare utilization and access outcomes. Models were stratified by race/ethnicity, federal poverty level (FPL), education, and comorbidities. Results. A total of 2,415 (9.4%) women had a history of cancer with breast cancer as the most common site (n=704, 29.2%). While most survivors were non-Hispanic white (68.4%), 15.2% were Hispanic, 12.1% were non-Hispanic Black, and 4.3% were additional racial/ethnic groups. Survivors were 1.28 times more likely to report fair/poor perceived health status (95% CI, 1.09-1.50), 1.61 times more likely to report hospitalizations in the last year (95% CI, 1.40-1.86), and 1.37 times more likely to see a mental health provider within the last year (95% CI, 1.12-1.66) compared to controls. Race/ethnicity and FPL were the only significant effect modifiers.Conclusion. Our study identifies disparities in health status and healthcare utilization among female cancer survivors and recognizes the importance of evaluating these associations among disadvantaged health populations. These findings could inform future cancer survivorship care.
Chinese Herbal Medicine (Yiqi-Yangyin-Jiedu Decoction) Combined With Osimertinib As First-Line Treatment For Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Sensitizing Mutation (CATLA-2): A Study Protocol For A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lu Yan , Yao Jialin , Jiao Lijing , Bi Ling , Yang Wenxiao , Su Lingzi , Shi Jun , Wang Zhe , Gong Yabin , Xu Ling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) significantly improve the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR sensitizing mutation. Although third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib is demonstrated with superior efficacy compared with first-generation EGFR-TKIs, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains the bottleneck. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Yiqi-Yangyin-Jiedu decoction (YYJD) has been proved to delay acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs in CATLA study, but there is no high-level evidence for its effect when combined with osimertinib. This trial aims to examine the efficacy and safety of YYJD combined with osimertinib as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR sensitizing mutation.Methods: This is a double-blind, multi-center, randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 hospitals in China. A total of 314 participants will be randomly assigned to the osimertinib plus YYJD group (O+YYJD) or the osimertinib plus placebo group (O+placebo). Treatment will last until disease progression or death. Patients diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 19 del or exon 21 L858R will be enrolled if they are in accordance with deficiency of Qi and Yin pattern, ready to take osimertinib as first-line treatment, aged 18 to 74 years old, and provide signed informed consent. The primary outcome is progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes include a comparison of overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), quality of life (QoL). The analysis will be on intention-to-treat and per-protocol subject analysis principles.Discussion: The goal of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YYJD when added to 3 osimertinib as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with EGFR sensitizing mutation.Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900026748. Registered on 20th October 2019.
A New Fe-C Porous Filter Material From Dredged Sediment: Preparation, Characterization, And Its Application
Authors: Chu Shuyi , Qu Qian , Pan Keke , Xu Yunjie , Xiao Jibo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new Fe-C porous filter material was prepared with dredged sediment of river as raw material. The orthogonal test L9(34) and component ratio experiment of raw material were conducted to investigate the optimum technological condition. Further, the filter obtained was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the optimal technological condition was sludge: straw: starch: iron powder: foam: iron powder 74.5∶10∶7.5∶3∶5, preheating temperature 280 ℃, preheating 15 min, sintering temperature 1080 ℃, and sintering 11 min. The BET surface area of the filter was 3.32 m2 g− 1, and average pore size was 10.05 nm. Phase composition mainly included SiO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and muscovite (KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2). Average effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) of the biofilter system filled with the filter obtained were decreased to 0.08, 3.43, and 3.76 mg L− 1, separately, at hydraulic retention time 4 h. Thus, the filter prepared with dredged sediment of rive as raw material is an alternative material for polluted river water purification.
Environmentally Friendly Mesoporous Material Derived From Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display and Sandblasting and Its Application of Environmental Humidity Control
Authors: Lin Ya-Wen , Lee Wei-Hao , Wang Hsiou-Hsuan , Cheng Ta-Wui , Chen Chiao-Ying , Kae-Long Lin , Lo Huang-Mu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The preparation of an aluminum-mesoporous humidity controlling material (Al-MHCM) by hydrothermally synthesizing a mixture of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass and sandblasting (SB) waste was studied; additionally, the remaining residue was completely reused. The synthesized Al-MHCM was analyzed, and its moisture controlling performance along with its pore and surface structure characteristics were determined. In addition, the influence of the hydrothermal synthesis temperature and silicon-to-aluminum molar ratio on the product was also studied. The characteristic analysis results of the product confirm that the product has a typical mesoporous structure, with a specific surface area of up to 1013 m2/g, and the pore size distribution calculated by the BJH method is 3-4 nm with a pore volume of 0.97 cm3/g. The 27Al NMR analysis verifies that all the aluminum atoms of the product are in the form of tetrahedral aluminum (Td-Al) in the mesoporous Al-MHCM framework, which confirms the successful synthesis of Al-containing mesoporous MCM-41 materials. In addition, as the aluminum content increased, the water adsorption/desorption capacity of Al-MHCM also increased. Results show that when the hydrothermal synthesis temperature is 105°C, the product synthesized from a mixture with a silicon-to-aluminum molar ratio of 41.8 exhibits excellent performance (91.45 m3/ m3) in terms of the equilibrium moisture content and moisture adsorption capacity. Al-MHCM, which can be synthesized at a low cost, can be used as a humidity controlling material for adjusting the relative humidity of indoor environmental spaces. Thus, this study provides a novel method for producing Al-MHCM to use as a future humidity-controlling building material.
Reduction of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen More Pronounced In Pegylated Interferon Alpha Therapy Combined With Nucleotide Analogues Than Nucleoside Analogues In Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Xie Yiran , Zhu Haoxiang , Guo Yifei , Ma Zhenxuan , Qi Xun , Yang Feifei , Mao Richeng , Zhang Jiming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Nucleotide analogues (NTs) monotherapy may have a greater effect on reducing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) than nucleoside analogues (NSs) due to their immunomodulatory function. However, this superiority remains unknown when combined with pegylated interferon α (PegIFNα). The study aimed to explore whether NTs have greater antiviral effects than NSs in combination therapy with PegIFNα. Methods: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with PegIFNα plus nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) were retrospectively recruited. Efficacy and the predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction > 1 log10 IU/mL at 48 weeks were analyzed. Results: A total of 95 patients were investigated, including in PegIFNα plus NSs group and in PegIFNα plus NTs group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. The PegIFNα + NTs group had a greater reduction of HBsAg (−3.48 vs −2.33 log10 IU/mL, P = 0.038) and a higher proportion of patients with HBsAg reduction > 1 log10 IU/mL (100.0% vs 72.2%, P =0.003) even after PSM. However, HBsAg and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) loss rates, HBeAg seroconversion rates, degree of HBeAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA decline, HBV DNA undetectable rates, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rates showed no significant differences. Higher platelet counts (OR = 1.043, 95%CI = 1.002–1.085) and PegIFNα plus NTs (OR = 77.861, 95%CI = 3.923–1545.273) were independent predictors for HBsAg reduction > 1 log10 IU/mL at 48 weeks. Conclusion: This study suggests that PegIFNα plus NTs led to more HBsAg reduction.
Electromagnetic Soft Surface (EMSS) Integrated MIMO Antennas With Reduced Mutual Coupling And Cross-Polarization Radiation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Swati , Mandal Santimoy , Ghosh Chandan Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For closely spaced microstrip antenna elements, Mutual Coupling (MC) is an inevitable phenomenon which degrades antenna performances like gain, radiation pattern, return loss, radiation efficiency etc. Lot of works have been done on the reduction of MC and published the results in the open literatures. This paper presents an approach to suppress MC between two closely spaced microstrip radiators. This is achieved by inserting properly designed EMSS structure between the radiating elements. This EMSS acts as an electrical wall between two rectangular patches and reduces mutual coupling up to 50 dB at resonance frequency of 4.35 GHz. In this attempt, Cross Polarization (XP) reduction of 12.5dB has also been achieved with a gain 5.40dBi for the proposed antenna. The centre to centre spacing between the antenna elements is taken as 22.1mm (0.32λ).The proposed MIMO antenna system can be used for satellite communication and radar system.
Medical Cannabis Authorization and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Zongo Arsene , Lee Cerina , Dyck Jason R. B. , El-Mourad Jihane , Hyshka Elaine , Hanlon John G. , Eurich Dean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite the rising rates of legalization of cannabis worldwide, very few investigators have studied the effects of medical cannabis use on healthcare utilization and subsequent cardiovascular (CV) risk. This study assesses the risk of CV-related emergency department (ED) visit/hospitalization in adult patients authorized to use medical cannabis in Ontario, Canada from 2014–2017.
Methods

This is a longitudinal cohort study of patients who received medical cannabis authorization and followed-up in cannabis clinics, matched to population-based controls. The primary outcome was an ED visit/hospitalization for any CV event; and secondary outcome was for acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/stroke. Conditional Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between cannabis use and risk.
Results

18,653 cannabis patients were matched to 5,1243 controls. Incidence rates for any CV event were 28.34/1000 person-years and 19/1000 person-years in the cannabis and controls group, respectively- (aHR) of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.31–1.77). The aHR among patients with a history of CV event and those without were 1.50 (1.28–1.75) and 1.26 (1.03–1.55), respectively. The aHR among males and females were 1.52 (1.24–1.87) and 1.41 (1.11–1.80). For the ACS and stroke, the aHR was 1.44 (95%CI: 1.08–1.93). When stratified by sex, only men had an increased risk of ACS and stroke; aHR 1.77 (1.23–2.56).
Conclusions

Medical cannabis authorization was associated with an increased risk of ED visits or hospitalization for CV events including stroke and ACS - among males and for patients with a prior CV condition.
Anti-Diabetic Effect of a Polysaccharide Fraction From Momordica Charantia: Modulation of Notch Signaling
Authors: Sajadimajd Soraya , Mohammadi Bahareh , Bahrami Gholamreza , Madani Seyed Hamid , Hatami Razieh , Miraghaee Seyed shahram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Given the impact of notch signaling in the modulation of metabolic diseases and normal tissue homeostasis, this study aimed to evaluate whether notch signaling has a role in anti-diabetic and islet regenerative effects of isolated polysaccharide from Memordica charantia in diabetic rats. The polysaccharide was isolated from Memordica charantia (MCP) and characterized using FTIR and LC-MS/MS. Diabetic model was established by intrapritoneal administration of STZ in male Wistar rats. The levels of Hes1, Notch 1, DLL4, Jagged1, Pdx1, CD34, CD31 and VEGF were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Structural analyses have revealed the carbohydrate structure of fraction. Blood glucose was halted by treatment with fraction. MCP scaled up the mRNA levels of Ins1, jagged1, Pdx1 and Hes1 while scaled down the levels of Notch1, Dll4 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry staining of hes1, cyclin d1 and VEGF proteins was increased in the pancreas of MCP-treated diabetic rats compared to the diabetic group. These findings provide insights into the anti-diabetic potential of MCP through modulation of islets regeneration and suggest that modulation of notch and angiogenesis pathways may play the pivotal role in the restoration of islets to relieve diabetes.
Case Report: A Menstruation-Associated Pancreatitis in Perimenopausal Woman
Authors: Li Le , Zhang Wang-Jun , Yuan Yue , Li Jie , Cheng Long , Sun Bei , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a rare type of pancreatitis and patients are characterized with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis (AP) without common risk factors, such as gallstone, alcoholic consumption or drugs intake. The specific genes mutations, including PRSS1 and SPINK1, have been shown as the key risk factors for HP. The menstruation-associated pancreatitis is a rare type of HP, and patient always suffers the recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) which strictly follows her menstrual cycle. The genes sequencing which aims to recognize the etiology and determine the therapeutics should be taken into consideration for patients suspected of HP.Case presentation: We presented a case of rare HP, whose episodes of recurrence were strictly dependent on her menstrual cycle. PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes sequencing were taken into consideration for menstruation-associated pancreatitis patient. Three conventional mutations (A16V, N29T and N54S) and two novel mutations (L14V and G62A) in the second exon of PRSS1 gene are found to be associated with the cause in our case. Long-term hormone replacement therapy, including deestrogesterone and ethinylestradiol, significantly decreases the recurrence of perimenopausal pancreatitis.Conclusion: We found 2 novel mutations in the second exon of PRSS1 gene and long-term hormone replacement therapy significantly decreased the recurrence of AP. However, the increased risk of breast cancer and endometrial carcinoma need more attention.
Debris of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus that made a H I hole in the Milky Way ≈20 million years ago
Authors: Sakai Nobuyuki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Kurahara Kohei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Perseus arm is known as one of the two or four dominant spiral arms of the Milky Way. While there is a large number of Massive Young Stellar Objects in the outer portion of the arm, a lower density of those is found in the inner portion. Inner Perseus arm shows a noncircular motion of ≥ 70 km/s at a Galactic longitude of ≈50◦, and its origin remains unclear. Here we report an analysis of the kinematics and spatial distribution of neutral hydrogen (H I) gas, star-forming regions (SFRs) and stars, together with an analysis of the star’s chemical abundances. We discovered that H I gas with ≈10^6 solar mass was lacked in the inner Perseus arm, and a similar amount of H I gas was distributed above the Galactic plane. The extended H I gas is well followed by retrograde low-metallicity stars, which are likely fossil stars from Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus. Orbit integration shows that the fossil stars crossed the inner Galactic disk about 20 million years ago. The lower star-formation activity and noncircular motion of the inner Perseus arm could be attributed to the disk crossing event.