bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Omega-3 and Vitamin C on Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Mohammed Dohah Saad , Al-Gareeb Ali Ismail A. 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver injury is a serious side effect characterized by the increased level of hepatic biomarkers and resulted in acute liver failure. Omega 3 and Vitamin C act as antioxidant that participate in the fighting of free radicals generation during the inflammatory process.

Aims:
To evaluate the effect of omega 3 and Vitamin C on hepatotoxicity induced by MTX.

Settings and Design:
42 (Swiss albino mice) used and divided into six groups (7 mice each): First: Maintained with normal saline, second: Received a single dose injection of MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), third: Pretreated with omega 3 100 mg/kg, fourth: Pretreated with omega 3 200 mg/kg, fifth: Pretreated with Vitamin C 100 mg/kg, sixth: Pretreated with Vitamin C 200 mg/kg, then these group injected with MTX on day 10.

Subjects and Methods:
MTX as 50 mg injection. Omega 3 as capsule 1000 mg. Vitamin C as powder 1000 mg. Assessment of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) made using automated computering device (Flexor–EL80) provider by Vitalab (South Africa). Assessment of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) made by using competitive ELISA kits using (ELISA microplate Humareader).

Results:
This study showed a significant increase in the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) as well oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and GSH) with severe changes in the histopathological findings (severe inflammatory cell necrosis) among group injected with MTX as compared with control group and illustrated improvement in serum level of ALT, ALP, LDH, MDA, SOD and reduced GSH; besides improved histopathological findings (mild and moderate changes) for a group of mice pretreated with omega 3 and Vitamin C.

Conclusions:
This study concluded that pretreatment with omega 3 (which was strong antioxidant supplement) and Vitamin C (which was dose-dependent manner with beneficial antioxidant action) exert more hepatoprotective effect against oxidative tissue damage induced by MTX.
Microbiological profile of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and its clinical significance in antibiotic sensitivity of odontogenic space infection
Authors: Umeshappa Hemavathi , Shetty Akshay , Kavatagi Kiran , Vivek G. K. , Vaibhav N. , Mohammed Imran 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Odontogenic infections are mixed aerobic-anaerobic microbial flora. Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria are serious and life-threatening. The microbial specificity in odontogenic infections is technique sensitive depending on the sampling and culturing of specimens.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was carried out on 100 consecutive cases of odontogenic infections treated at our institute over a period of 5 years by surgical intervention and intravenous antibiotics. This study evaluates the pathogenic potential and virulence factors of aerobes and anaerobes as well as its synergistic interrelations with other infectious flora, by culturing of specimens and testing antibiotic sensitivity in standard microbiological methodology in correlation with patient demographic factors.

Results:
Of the 100 patients of odontogenic space infection, males were more affected, between third and fourth decades. Caries is the most common etiology with involvement of mandibular molars. Submandibular and buccal space is commonly involved. The most common microorganisms isolated being Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans are facultative anaerobes which belong to aerobes and Peptostreptococcus predominated among obligate anaerobes. The empirical antibiotic regimen followed is amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid with Metronidazole, followed by surgical treatment. Clindamycin was preferred as the second line of choice in patients resistance to penicillin drugs with comparable efficacy in it.

Conclusion:
Our study expanded the knowledge base of the microbial flora associated with odontogenic infections, with special reference to anaerobes. Successful management of odontogenic space infection lies in decompression, removal of etiological factors, and also in selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy depending on microbial flora isolated, for recovery of patients and preventing complications associated with fascial space infection.
Evaluation of surface changes of stainless steel miniplates and screws following retrieval from maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery patients
Authors: Devendrappa Mouneshkumar Chapi , Kulkarni Madhura Dattatraya , Haidry Nazia , Kulkarni Pranay , Verma Flora , Pawar Dhanashree Anand 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Metal implants have the potential to degrade body fluids. Corrosive degradation has been demonstrated in laboratory tests, both under simulated clinical conditions and by electrochemical methods, as well as in studies of retrieved metal implants. The clinical importance of degradation of metal implants is evidenced by particulate corrosion and wear products in tissue surrounding the implant, which may ultimately lead to bone loss.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is to evaluate the surface changes such as corrosion, surface roughness, and microfractures and for the tensile strength of 18 stainless steel miniplates and 18 stainless steel screws which were used as rigid internal fixation in the management of maxillofacial fractures and orthognathic surgeries.

Results:
In this study, surface roughness and microfractures were found in all the miniplates and screws that is 100%. Corrosion degradation was found in 12 of 18 plates that is 66.66%.

Conclusion:
Our results through scanning electron microscopy and stereo electron microscopy showed surface roughness, microfractures, and corrosion. However, tensile strength was not affected when the plates were in situ. Through our study, we recommend their retrieval after the purposes of rigid fixation have been fulfilled.
Closure of oroantral fistula
Authors: Shukla Bharat , Singh Gaurav , Mishra Madan , Das Gourab , Singh Abhishek 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The oro antral fistula (OAF) is an unnatural epithelialized communication between oral cavity and maxillary sinus. It may heal spontaneously but a larger fistula requires surgical intervention. OAF causes excruciating pain, escape of fluids from nose, escape of air from mouth into nose, epistaxis, change in voice due to resonance, purulent discharge in case of chronic OAF, post nasal discharge, popping out of antral polyp into oral cavity and sinusitis. Closure of OAF is strenuous, technique sensitive and challenging.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare and evaluate the efficacy of buccal fat pad and buccal advancement pad for closure of oroantral fistula.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients of age ranging from 24–64 years with complaint of OAF were included in this prospective, comparative analytic study. In group I, OAF was treated with a buccal advancement flap and in group II, BFP was sutured over the defect. All patients were called for follow up on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day post operatively. Pain, mouth opening, edema, infection and wound dehiscence were evaluated on each visit.

Result:
The mean age of selected patients in both the treatment groups was comparable. The mean age of patients in group I was 45.00 ± 13.33 years whereas in group II the mean age was 44.00 ± 13.13 years. Pain, edema was less in Group I. Mouth opening was less in group II. We did not encountered infection and wound dehiscence in any case.

Conclusion:
Various techniques can be utilized for the closure; regardless of the technique used, success of the surgical procedure depends on effective removal of fistulous tract and complete extermination of any sinus pathology and/or infection. The major factors determining the type of surgery for closure of OAF are dimension and location of the defect. The other decisive factors could be the adequacy and health of adjoining tissue. We observed buccal fat pad to be better option for closure of OAF, despite of its more morbidity; as all the complications were of some time period and when evaluated for long term.
Comparative evaluation of crestal bone levels following placement of implant in delayed implant bed
Authors: Rana Chhavi , Nagpal Abhishek , Bhatia Vishwas , Kalra Jasneet Singh 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Restoring lost dentition using dental implant is one of the most promising treatment modality, for both complete and partially dentulous situation. In order to have more predictable outcome, the quest for coming up with a surgical protocol has been never ending. Keeping the same in mind the present study was conducted to place implant in delayed implants beds, i.e., 14 days after the osteotomy site was prepared.

Materials and Methods:
For the purpose of the study, ten implants measuring 4.2 mm × 10 mm were placed in ten healthy individuals with missing mandibular first molars in site prepared 14 days before actual placement of implants, i.e., delayed implant beds.

Results:
The study revealed that, on evaluation of the bone levels at the time of placement of prosthetic loading revealed, a bone gain was maximum after 3 months of prosthetic loading.

Conclusion:
A significant bone gain with a mean of 0.8 mm makes this technique of placing implants in delayed implant beds a more predictable technique than conventional protocol.
Isolation and identification of oral Candida species in potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Arya Chandra Prakash , Jaiswal Rohit , Tandon Aanchal , Jain Amol 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world. More than 95% of the carcinomas of the oral cavity are of squamous cell type in nature. Oral Candida is a “yeast-like opportunistic pathogen.” The Candida genus is comprised of over 150 species of asporogenous “yeast-like” fungi.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of study is to correlate the association of oral fungal infection in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders. The current study was undertaken to probe the isolation and identification of oral Candida species in potentially malignant disorder and OSCC versus normal oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients for each abovementioned three lesions were randomly selected by using swabs. These swabs were subsequently inoculated in agar medium. Candida grows as white, convex colonies. Samples growing 1–3 colony-forming units (CFUs) were considered normal flora of the oral cavity. The specimens showing moderate to heavy growth were subjected to tests for identification of species of Candida. The chromogenic medium, HiMedia CHROMagar, has chromogenic substances which helps in the quick detection of Candida species, based on the reactions between the extract enzymes of the dissimilar species and the chromogenic substances.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc Tukey's test were utilized.

Results:
According to our study, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis in the culture were found to be in increasing incidence from healthy, OSCC, and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). These results clearly indicated that Candida species are increasing in the CFUs (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Our study showed a higher intensity of Candida in OPMD and squamous cell carcinoma patients with results. The increasing CFU level and hyphae of Candida species in individual biopsy tissue with oral potentially malignant lesions to OSCC suggest that this pathogen plays a role in disease development and could aid in identifying the pathogenic commensal.
Epidemiological, Clinical Profile, and Treatment Outcome of Stage IV Nonsquamous Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Sharma Manish , Goyal Pankaj , Goel Varun , Bommera Sravya , Agrawal Mohit , Domadia Kshitiz , Choudhary Krushna , Bothra Sneha , Jajodia Ankush , Amrith B. P. , Joga Srujana , Pasricha Sunil , Batra Ullas 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Better planning of limited resources in oncology is possible with more real-world data of lung cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer related mortality in India and Globe.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and treatment outcomes in patients with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of lung at our center.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and eighty-two patients with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of lung were prospectively screened and analyzed, of which 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and echinodermal microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) genomic alterations were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and others were treated as per standard chemotherapy regimens. Response rates (RRs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were measured.

Results:
Median age of patients was 55.6 years (range, 26–82) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.23:1. Analyses for EGFR and EML4-ALK alterations were possible for 104 (96.3%) patients and were detected in 31.7% and 8.7% patients, respectively. The overall RR for the entire cohort was 51.4%, while median PFS and median OS were 6.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. Median PFS for the EGFR-mutated and ALK-rearranged group was 9.6 and 10.2 months, respectively, which was higher than non-EGFR non-ALK patients. Median OS for the whole cohort was 13.7 months, while median OS was not reached for EGFR and ALK altered groups.

Conclusions:
As patients with driver mutations like EGFR and ALK have better prognosis than those who do not, every patient diagnosed with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer should be offered mutational analysis.
Filling and validating rainfall data based on statistical techniques and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ruezzene Camila Bermond , Miranda Renato Billia de , Bolleli Talyson de Melo , Mauad Frederico Fábio 
Published: December 2021

The study of the hydric regime of rainfall helps in management analysis and decision-making in hydrographic basins, but a fundamental condition is the need for continuous time series of data. Therefore, this study compared gap filling methods in precipitation data and validated them using robust statistical techniques. Precipitation data from the municipality of Itirapina, which has four monitoring stations, were used. Four gap filling techniques were used, namely: normal ratio method, inverse distance weighting, multiple regression and artificial neural networks, in the period from 1979 to 1989. For validation and performance evaluation, the coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Nash), agreement index (D), confidence index were used (C) and through non-parametric techniques with Mann-Witney and Kruskal-Wallis test. Excellent performances of real data were verified in comparison with estimated data, with values above 0.8 of the coefficient of determination (R²) and of Nash. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were not significant in Stations C1 and C2, demonstrating that there is a difference between real and estimated data and between the proposed methods. It was concluded that the multiple regression and neural network methods showed the best performance. From this study, efficient tools were found to fill the gap, thus promoting better management and operation of water resources.
Keywords: artificial neural networks, inverse distance weighting, multiple regression, normal ratio method.
Evidence of Specialty-Specific Gender Disparities in Resident Recruitment and Selection
Authors: Bowe Sarah N. , Wang Xing , Whipple Mark E. , Bly Randall A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Specialty-specific gender disparities are multifactorial, yet one area that is lacking from this discussion is the impact of recruitment and selection.

Objective
Customized data reports were utilized to compare trends in the gender representation of applicants and residents within 11 surgical and medical specialties between 2013 and 2018.

Methods
Applicant data was obtained from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and resident data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Eleven specialties with the highest number of applications per applicant were included (dermatology, emergency medicine, general surgery, neurological surgery, obstetrics and gynecology [OB/GYN], orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, radiation oncology, radiology, urology). A Cochran–Armitage trend test assessed for changes in the proportion of females within the total applicant group and the corresponding matched resident group. A t test was utilized to compare the mean proportion of females for ERAS and ACGME data.

Results
Otolaryngology, plastic surgery, radiation oncology, and urology had no significant changes over the study period. Dermatology, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery demonstrated increased gender diversity in applicants over time, while OB/GYN demonstrated decreased gender diversity. General surgery and neurological surgery showed increased gender diversity in resident representation over time. Emergency medicine and radiology had increased gender diversity, and OB/GYN had decreased gender diversity in matched residents compared to applicants.

Conclusions
Our findings provide baseline data, but also illustrate evident gaps in our understanding and attempts to improve gender diversity. A multifaceted approach to obtaining and assessing data from all stages of residency recruitment and selection is necessary to support these efforts.
The significance of the 1971 flank eruption of Etna from volcanological and historic viewpoints
Authors: Stefano Branca  , Daniele Musumeci  , Luigi Ingaliso  
Published: December 2021

The 1971 eruption represents a benchmark in the recent history of Etna volcano. From a volcanological point of view, this eruption was characterised by complex intrusive dynamics associated with significant ground deformation that induced the activation of the Moscarello seismogenic fault and the formation of a new summit crater: the Southeast Crater. At the same time, the 1971 event marks an important change in the eruptive style and composition of the magma towards products richer in K. It is no coincidence that, over the next fifty years, there would be an increase in the frequency of summit and flank eruptions and associated output rate. From an historical viewpoint, the eruptive event of 1971 was the first important flank eruption studied by the International Institute of Volcanology: the analysis of the scientific articles on this activity reveals a greater multidisciplinary content in the descriptions and explanations of volcanic activity. Particularly important were the collaborations of British and French research groups that, together with their Italian colleagues, succeeded in giving a complete picture of the eruption and describing the state of knowledge on the Sicilian volcano. The multidisciplinary methodology used to study this eruption is still valid today.
All-Optical Universal Logic Gates at Nano-scale Dimensions
Authors: Al-Tameemi Saif , Mohammed Nadhim Abbas  
Published: December 2021

Though photonics displays an attractive solution to the speed limitation of electronics, decreasing the size of photonic devices is one of the major problems with implementing photonic integrated circuits that are regarded the challenges to produce all-optical computers. Plasmonic can solve these problems, it be a potential solution to fill the gaps in the electronics (large bandwidth and ultra-high speed) and photonics (diffraction limit due to miniaturization size). In this paper, Nano-rings Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides has been used to propose, design, simulate, and perform all-optical universal logic gates (NOR and NAND gates). By using Finite Element Method (FEM), the structure of the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates are designed and numerically simulated by two dimensions (2-D) structure. Silver and Glass materials were chosen to construct proposed structure. The function of the proposed plasmonic NOR and NAND logic gates was achieved by destructive and constructive interferences principle. The performance of the proposed device is measured by three criteria; the transmission, extension ratio, and modulation depth. Numerical simulations show that a transmission threshold (0.3) which allows achieving the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates in one structure at 1550 nm operating wavelength. The properties of this devise was as follows: The transmission exceeds 100% in one state of NAND gate, medium values of Extension Ratio, very high MD values, and very small foot print. In the future, this device will be the access to the nanophotonic integrated circuits and it has regarded fundamental building blocks for all-optical computers.
Penerapan Latihan Range Of Motion (ROM) aktif pada pasien pasca stroke di Desa Sampangan Pekalongan
Authors: Rismawanti Cahya Milla , Natalya Wiwiek , Isytiaroh I 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStroke is a brain functional disorder characterized by nerve paralysis due to obstruction of blood flow to the brain. The frequent impact if a post-stroke client is not carried out with rehabilitation immediately will result in mobility disorder that can impede daily physical activity. One pratice in the rehabilitation process is to prevent disability in a client with post-stroke physical mobility disorder that is, by performing a Range Of Motion rope. The case study is intended to illustrate application of roma exercises to boost muscle strength. The method of writing the case study USES a descriptive design and case studies reported in narration. The instrumrnts used are observation sheets and structured observation sheets covering the assessment of muscle strength. The resulth of the case study have been after the six-meeting application of roma that the roma can increase muscle strength in subject. I the average muscle strength 3.31 to 3.50 and subject II average muscle strength 3.68 to 3,93. The conclusion of the case study increased muscle strength after the practice of roma. Suggestions for the family in order to train ROM for family members who had suffered stroke. Keywords: Stroke, muscle strength, ROM
AbstrakStroke adalah penyakit nerulogis terbanyak yang dapat mengakibatkan disfungsi motorik dan sensorik.Dampak yang sering muncul jika klien pasca stroke tidak dilakukan rehabiltasi dengan segera maka akan mengalami gangguan mobilitas yang dapat menghambat aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Saalah satu bentuk latihan dalam proses rehabilitasi untuk mencegah terjadinya kecacatan pada klien dengan gangguan mobilitas fisik pasca stroke yaitu dengan melakukan latihan Range Of Motion ROM. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan latihan ROM untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot. Metode penulisan studi kasus ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif dan hasil studi kasus dilaporkan dalam bentuk narasi. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar pengkajian dan lembar observasi terstruktur meliputi penilaian kekuatan otot. Hasil studi kasus setelah dilakukan penerapan ROM selama 6 pertemuan bahwa ROM dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot pada Subyek I nilai rata-rata kekuatan otot 3,31 menjadi 3,50 dan Subyek II nilai rata-rata kekuatan otot 3,68 menjadi 3,93. Simpulan studi kasus ini terjadi peningkatan kekuatan otot setelah dilakukan latihan ROM. Saran bagi keluarga agar dapat melatih ROM pada anggota keluarga yang mengalmi stroke. Kata kunci: Stroke, kekuatan otot, ROM