bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Reyes Beatrice D. , Hargreaves Dougal S. , Creese Hanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Early uptake of multiple risky behaviours during adolescence, such as substance use, antisocial and sexual behaviours, can lead to poor health outcomes without timely interventions. This study investigated how early-life maternal attachment, or emotional bonds between mothers and infants, influenced later risky behaviours in adolescence alongside other potential explanatory pathways using the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study.

Methods
Total maternal attachment scores measured at 9 months using the Condon (1998) Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale compared higher and lower attachment, where mothers in the lowest 10th percentile represented lower attachment. Multiple risky behaviours, defined as two or more risky behaviours (including smoking cigarettes, vaping, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, antisocial behaviour, criminal engagement, unsafe sex, and gambling), were scored from 0 to 8 at age 17. Five multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between maternal attachment and multiple risky behaviours among Millennium Cohort Study members (n = 7796). Mediation analysis sequentially adjusted for blocks of explanatory mechanisms, including low attachment mechanisms (multiple births, infant prematurity, sex, breastfeeding, unplanned pregnancy and maternal age at birth), maternal depression, and social inequalities (single-parent status, socioeconomic circumstance by maternal education and household income) at 9 months and poor adolescent mental health at 14 years.

Results
Children of mothers with lower maternal attachment at 9 months had 23% increased odds of multiple risky behaviours at 17 years (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.50) in the unadjusted baseline model. All five explanatory blocks attenuated baseline odds. Low attachment mechanisms attenuated 13%, social inequalities 17%, and poor mental health 17%. Maternal depression attenuated the highest proportion (26%) after fully adjusting for all factors (30%).

Conclusions
Lower maternal attachment in early life predicted increased adolescent multiple risky behaviours. Almost a third of the excess risk was attributable to child, maternal and socioeconomic factors, with over a quarter explained by maternal depression. Recognising the influence of early-life risk factors on adolescent health could innovate current policies and interventions addressing multiple risky behaviour uptake affecting health inequalities across the life course.
Survivorship and clinical outcomes of proximal femoral replacement in non-neoplastic primary and revision total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Mancino Fabio , Di Matteo Vincenzo , Mocini Fabrizio , Cacciola Giorgio , Malerba Giuseppe , Perisano Carlo , De Martino Ivan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Several studies have evaluated the survivorship and clinical outcomes of proximal femoral replacement (PFR) in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty with severe proximal femoral bone loss; however, there remains no consensus on the overall performance of this implant. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature in order to examine survivorship and complication rates of PFR usage.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted for English articles using various combinations of keywords.

Results
In all, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 578 PFR were implanted. The all-cause reoperation-free survivorship was 76.6%. The overall complication rate was 27.2%. Dislocation was the most common complication observed and the most frequent reason for reoperation with an incidence of 12.8 and 7.6%, respectively. Infection after PFR had an incidence of 7.6% and a reoperation rate of 6.4%. The reoperation rate for aseptic loosening of the implant was 5.9%. Overall, patients had improved outcomes as documented by postoperative hip scores.

Conclusion
PFR usage have a relatively high complication rate, however, it remains an efficacious treatment option in elderly patients with osteoporotic bone affected by severe proximal femoral bone loss. Modular designs have shown reduced dislocations rate and higher survivorship free from dislocation. However, PFR should only be used as salvage procedure when no other reconstruction options are available.
Potential factors in postoperative dislocation of Oxford phase III mobile bearing UKA in Chinese patients: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Li Chenkai , Li Tao , Zhang Zian , Huang Hui , Chen Tian , Zhang Haining 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Bearing dislocation is the main complication after mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors of bearing dislocation after Oxford phase III mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in Chinese patients.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 492 patients (578 knees) who underwent Oxford phase III mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in our institution between February 2009 and June 2019. The patients were divided into two groups based on surgeons’ annual surgical volume. Those with/ without bearing dislocation were compared based on patient, surgeon and implant factors.

Results
Among the 492 patients, 21 (4.3%, 4 men and 17 women) experienced bearing dislocation. Of these, 14 (4.0%) were in the high surgical volume group and 7 (5.1%) were in the low surgical volume group. Multivariate analysis revealed that trauma to the operated leg and daily life involving high knee flexion cumulatively predicted bearing dislocation (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Trauma to the operated leg and daily life involving high knee flexion were risk factors for bearing dislocation after Oxford phase III mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
The severity of facial burns, dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral hygiene impact oral health-related quality of life of burns victims in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Ahmad Basaruddin , Sinor Mohd Zulkarnain 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
A burn to the face and neck area leaves a visible scar that impacts the victims physically and psychologically. This report was aimed to examine the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with a facial burn injury.

Methods
Patients with facial burn who attended the Burn Care Centre in Islamabad, Pakistan were systematically and randomly invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. They underwent extra- and intra-oral examinations and, completed self-administered instruments in the Urdu language. The severity of disfigurement, dental caries experience (DMFT), periodontal disease (CPI) and oral hygiene (OHI-S) statuses were assessed. The validated instruments collected information relating to sociodemographic background, oral health behaviours, OHRQoL and satisfaction with appearance (SWAP). Information relating to the time of the incident, cause and severity (type, TBSA) of the burn were obtained from medical records. The OHRQoL prevalence of impact and severity measures were derived and analysed using simple and multiple, logistic and linear regression.

Results
A total of 271 patients had participated in the study. The OHIP-14 prevalence of impact was 94% with mean severity score = 37 unit (sd = 8.5). The most impacted domains were physical pain (87%), psychological disability (87%), social disability (85%) and physical discomfort (83%). The main determinants of oral health-related quality of life were poor clinical oral conditions - particularly caries, and severity deformity. Other risk factors included poor oral health behaviours, psychological distress and longer time elapsed since the incident, and sex (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Dental caries, the severity of the facial deformity, oral health behaviour and time are associated with oral health-related quality of life of patients with facial burns. Oral health behaviour improvement can lower the risk of developing dental problems and oral health-related quality of life impact.
Gender and age group modified association of dental health indicators with total occlusal force among Korean elders
Authors: Lee Christine Hyun Jin , Vu Huong , Kim Hyun-Duck 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the distribution of objective total occlusal force (TOF) and its association with dental health indicators: dental status, number of natural teeth (NT), natural and rehabilitated teeth, natural posterior teeth (NT-Post), and natural and rehabilitated posterior teeth among Korean elders after controlling for various confounders encompassing socio-demographic factors, behavioral factors and health/oral health factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 551 elders from the Sungbook-Gu health education cohort. TOF was measured using Prescale II as an outcome variable. Dental health indicators assessed by dentists were the main explanatory variables. Analysis of covariance and multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate the adjusted association of dental health indicators with TOF. Gender and age group stratified analyses were also applied.

Result
TOF was higher in dentate elders than denture wearers in males and younger elders. The adjusted mean of TOF and standard error was 464.24 ± 17.15 N for dentate elders, 297.15 ± 28.85 N for partial denture wearers, 280.42 ± 47.71 N for complete denture wearers. Among all dental health indicators, NT-Post showed the highest association with TOF (partial r = 0.330, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15), followed by NT (partial r = 0.329, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16). Older elders highlighted the association of NT (partial r = 0.37, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.18). Males decreased the association of NT (partial r = 0.30, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20) and NT-Post (partial r = 0.29, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20).

Conclusion
TOF was significantly associated with dental health indicators, and its association was modified by sex and age group.
Greater inequalities in dental caries treatment than in caries experience: a concentration index decomposition approach
Authors: Qin Yuandong , Chen Lin , Li Jianbo , Wu Yunyun , Huang Shaohong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the current study was to (a) measure the socioeconomic inequalities in oral health and examine whether the inequalities are greater in disease experience or in its treatment and to (b) decompose the factors that influence oral health inequalities among the adults of Guangdong Province.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 35- to 44-year-old and 65- to 74-year-old adults in Guangdong Province. All participants underwent oral health examinations and answered questionnaires about their oral health. We measured the concentration indices of the DMFT and its separate components, namely, decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT), to explore the inequalities in oral health status; then, we analysed its decomposition to interpret the factors that influence the inequalities.

Results
The results showed that significant inequality was concentrated on FT (CI =  0.24, 95% CI = 0.14/0.33, SE = 0.05). The concentration indices for the DMFT (CI =  0.02, 95% CI =  0.02/0.06, SE = 0.02) and MT (CI =  0.02, 95% CI 0.03/0.08, SE = 0.03) were small and close to zero, while the concentration for DT (CI =  − 0.04, 95% CI =  − 0.01/0.02, SE = 0.03) was not statistically significant. The results from the decomposition analysis suggested that a substantial proportion of the inequality was explained by household income, high education level, regular oral examination and type of insurance (5.1%, 12.4%, 43.2%, − 39.6% (Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance System) and 34.5% (New-Type Rural Medical Collaboration System), respectively).

Conclusions
The results indicated greater inequalities in dental caries than in caries experience. Among the included factors, household income, high education level, and regular oral health examinations had the greatest impact on the inequalities in the number of FT. In addition, the current medical insurance systems, including the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance System, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance System, and the New-Type Rural Medical Collaboration System, have not been effectively used in oral treatment. Policy-making and the implementation of interventions for tackling socioeconomic oral health inequalities should focus on reducing the burden of treatment and providing greater access to dental care for low-income groups. Welfare policies are skewed towards rural areas and low-income people.
Void characteristics and tortuosity of calcium silicate-based cements for regenerative endodontics: a micro-computed tomography analysis
Authors: Chung Sang-Yeop , Kim Yun Hyeong , Chae Yong Kwon , Jo Su-Sung , Choi Sung Chul , Nam Ok Hyung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Internal voids of materials can serve a hub for microorganism and affect the sealing ability. This study aimed to evaluate the sealing performance of calcium silicate-based cements in immature teeth treated with regenerative endodontics.

Methods
Twenty single root canals from immature permanent premolars were prepared using regenerative endodontic protocols. The root canals were randomly divided into two groups and sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD). The teeth were kept in humid environment for 7 days and scanned using micro-computed tomography. The voids within the cements were segmented and visualized using image processing, incorporating the modified Otsu algorithm. The porosity of each sample was also calculated as the ratio between the number of voxels of voids and the volume of the cements. Tortuosity was also calculated using the A-star algorithm.

Results
Voids larger than 70 μm were predominantly observed in the top and interfacial surface of cements. The others were evenly distributed. MTA and BD showed the same level of porosity and tortuosity at interfacial surfaces. In inner surfaces, MTA showed more less porosity and tortuosity compared to BD (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
There were no differences in sealing performance between MTA and BD.
Sorafenib and triptolide loaded cancer cell-platelet hybrid membrane-camouflaged liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhe , Yang Gang , Han Lu , Wang Rong , Gong Chunai , Yuan Yongfang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn addition to early detection, early diagnosis, and early surgery, it is of great significance to use new strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies showed that the combination of sorafenib (SFN) and triptolide (TPL) could reduce the clinical dose of SFN and maintain good anti-HCC effect. But the solubility of SFN and TPL in water is low and both drugs have certain toxicity. Therefore, we constructed a biomimetic nanosystem based on cancer cell-platelet (PLT) hybrid membrane camouflage to co-deliver SFN and TPL taking advantage of PLT membrane with long circulation functions and tumor cell membrane with homologous targeting. The biomimetic nanosystem, SFN and TPL loaded cancer cell-PLT hybrid membrane-camouflaged liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles ((SFN + TPL)@CPLCNPs), could simultaneously load SFN and TPL at the molar ratio of SFN to TPL close to 10:1. (SFN + TPL)@CPLCNPs achieved long circulation function and tumor targeting at the same time, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor growth, and achieving a better "synergy and attenuation effect", which provided new ideas for the treatment of HCC.
Graphical Abstract
“Prevention of opioid use disorder: the HOME (housing, opportunities, motivation and engagement) feasibility study”
Authors: Kelleher Kelly J. , Famelia Ruri , Yilmazer Tansel , Mallory Allen , Ford Jodi , Chavez Laura J. , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYoung adults experiencing homelessness are at high risk of opioid and other substance use, poor mental health outcomes, exposure to trauma, and other risks. Providing access to stable housing has the potential to act as a powerful preventive intervention, but supportive housing programs have been studied most often among chronically homeless adults or adults with serious mental illness. The Housing First model, which does not precondition supportive housing on sobriety, may reduce drug use in homeless adults. In the present study, we piloted an adapted model of Housing First plus prevention services that was tailored to the needs of young adults (18–24 years) experiencing homelessness in the USA. Preventive services were added to the Housing First model and included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. This model was piloted in a single-arm study (n = 21) to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a Housing First model over a 6-month period in preparation for a larger randomized trial. We use repeated measures ANOVA to test for changes in alcohol and drug use (percent days of use; alcohol or drug use consequences), housing stability, social network support, and cognitive distortions over 6 months of follow-up. A total of 17 youth completed the study (85% retention), and a high proportion of youth were stably housed at 6-month follow-up. Participation in intervention services was high with an average of 13.57 sessions for advocacy, 1.33 for MI, and 0.76 for HIV prevention. Alcohol use did not change significantly over time. However, drug use, drug use consequences, and cognitive distortions, and the size of youths’ social networks that were drug using individuals decreased significantly. The Housing First model appeared to be feasible to deliver, and youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. The study demonstrates the potential for an adapted Housing First model to be delivered to youth experiencing homelessness and may improve outcomes, opening the way for larger randomized trials of the intervention.
STING protects against cardiac dysfunction and remodelling by blocking autophagy
Authors: Xiong Rui , Li Ning , Chen Lei , Wang Wei , Wang Bo , Jiang Wenyang , Geng Qing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Heart failure, which is characterized by cardiac remodelling, is one of the most common chronic diseases in the aged. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) acts as an indispensable molecule modulating immune response and inflammation in many diseases. However, the effects of STING on cardiomyopathy, especially cardiac remodelling are still largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether STING could affect cardiac remodelling and to explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods
In vivo, aortic binding (AB) surgery was performed to construct the mice model of cardiac remodelling. A DNA microinjection system was used to trigger STING overexpression in mice. The STING mRNA and protein expression levels in mice heart were measured, and the cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and cardiac function were also evaluated. In vitro, cardiomyocytes stimulated by Ang II and cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β to performed to further study effects of STING on cardiac hypertrophy and fibroblast. In terms of mechanisms, the level of autophagy was detected in mice challenged with AB. Rapamycin, a canonical autophagy inducer, intraperitoneal injected into mice to study possible potential pathway.

Results
In vivo, the STING mRNA and protein expression levels in mice heart challenged with AB for 6 weeks were significantly increased. STING overexpression significantly mitigated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, apart from improving cardiac function. In vitro, experiments further disclosed that STING overexpression in cardiomyocytes induced by Ang II significantly inhibited the level of cardiomyocyte cross-section area and the ANP mRNA. Meanwhile, TGF-β-induced the increase of α-SMA content and collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts could be also blocked by STING overexpression. In terms of mechanisms, mice challenged with AB showed higher level of autophagy compared with the normal mice. However, STING overexpression could reverse the activation of autophagy triggered by AB. Rapamycin, a canonical autophagy inducer, offset the cardioprotective effects of STING in mice challenged with AB. Finally, further experiments unveiled that STING may inhibit autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 on serine757.

Conclusions
STING may prevent cardiac remodelling induced by pressure overload by inhibiting autophagy, which could be a promising therapeutic target in heart failure.
Interleukin-1 blockade in cardiac sarcoidosis: study design of the multimodality assessment of granulomas in cardiac sarcoidosis: Anakinra Randomized Trial (MAGiC-ART)
Authors: Kron Jordana , Crawford Thomas , Mihalick Virginia , Bogun Frank , Jordan Jennifer H. , Koelling Todd , Syed Huzaefah , Syed Aamer , Iden Thomas , Polly Kelly , Federmann Emily , Bray Kirsta , Lathkar-Pradhan Sangeeta , Jasti Shilpa , Rosenfeld Lynda , Birnie David , Smallfield Melissa , Kang Le , Fowler Alpha Berry , Ladd Amy , Ellenbogen Kenneth , Van Tassell Benjamin , Gregory Hundley W. , Abbate Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas, which involve the heart in up to 25% of patients. Cardiac sarcoidosis can lead to life threatening arrhythmias and heart failure. While corticosteroids have been used as a treatment for over 50 years, they are associated with hypertension, diabetes, and weight gain, further increasing cardiovascular risk. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine that works to activate the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB, one of the targets of glucocorticoids. IL-1 also plays an important role also in the pathophysiology of heart disease including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and myocarditis.MethodsBuilding on a network of research collaborators developed in the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium, we will investigate the feasibility and tolerability of treatment of CS with anakinra at two National Institute of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs with expertise in cardiac sarcoidosis. In this pilot study, up to 28 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis will be recruited to compare the administration of an IL-1 blocker, anakinra, 100 mg daily on top of standard of care versus standard of care only for 28 days and followed for 180 days. Utilizing surrogate endpoints of changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac imaging, we aim to determine whether IL-1 blockade with anakinra can combat systemic and cardiac inflammation in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.DiscussionThe current trial demonstrates an innovative collaborative approach to clinical trial development in a rare, understudied disease that disproportionately affects females and minorities.Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered prospectively with ClinicalTrials.gov on July 12, 2019, identifier NCT04017936.