bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The compatibility of fishers and scientific surveys: increasing legitimacy without jeopardizing credibility
Authors: de Boois Ingeborg J , Steins Nathalie A , Quirijns Floor J , Kraan Marloes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For a long time, fishery-independent surveys were only carried out by scientists. On-going criticism by Dutch fishers on the North Sea beam trawl survey prompted scientists to invite fishers on board. Since 2007, fishers have annually joined the survey as observers. Observing all steps in the survey like rigging the gear, the selection of fishing locations, catch sorting, and data registration enables fishers to provide feedback based on their experience instead of preconceptions. Where possible, their suggestions for improvements are incorporated. Since fishers joined, the nature of discussions about the survey has changed to being constructive. The fishing industry's trust in survey methods, results, and the scientific crew increased. Scientists gained a better understanding of the importance of the survey for fishers' livelihoods. The observers also inspired continuous scientific scrutiny of the survey, its setup, and objectives. We describe the process of incorporating fishers in a fishery-independent survey, its benefits, and challenges. We show how perceptions about the survey changed. Allowing stakeholders behind the scenes of a survey and taking their expertise into account contributes to a more reciprocal relation in the co-production of knowledge through collaborative research and increases legitimacy. We propose guidelines for involving stakeholders without compromising the survey's and professional credibility.
Initial experience with the new type A arch dissection stent: restoration of supra-aortic vessel perfusion
Authors: Montagner Matteo , Kofler Markus , Heck Roland , Buz Semih , Starck Christoph , Kurz Stephan , Falk Volkmar , Kempfert Jörg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of the present study is to investigate changes in supra-aortic vessel perfusion after implantation of the non-covered Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS) for surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection.

METHODS
From 2017 to 2020, 16 consecutive patients treated with AMDS and involvement (dissection to total occlusion) of at least 1 supra-aortic vessel were included in the study. Centre-line based computed tomography measurements of true, false and total lumen area using Terarecon software were performed before and after surgery. Changes in the true lumen area were indexed to the entire vessel area. The paired sample t-test was used to assess the significance of the observed differences.

RESULTS
Analysis of supra-aortic vessels and the descending aorta showed significant improvement in true lumen perfusion after the AMDS was implanted. The indexed true lumen area increased postoperatively by 72%, 112% and 30% in the innominate, right and left common carotid arteries, respectively. Total occlusions of both common carotid arteries recovered completely after surgical treatment. The proximal- and the mid-descending aorta showed a 78% and 48% improvement of the indexed true lumen area, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Arch repair using AMDS shows promising results in the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection. Quantitative measurements of true and false lumen perfusion demonstrated a significant increase in true lumen area and a 100% regression of totally occluded supra-aortic branches. Further examination in a larger cohort of patients and comparison with isolated hemiarch repair are needed to confirm positive vascular remodelling after an AMDS implant.
Procurement modes for emergency supplies in the presence of disaster and commercial demands
Authors: Sun Xiaochen , Zhang Jinghui , Hu Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper studies alternative procurement modes for emergency supplies in the presence of a public sector and a private supplier. A key feature of such a supply chain is that the private supplier must consider commercial demand in addition to disaster demand. Three procurement modes are analysed: an option mode (OM), an order-before-disaster mode (OBDM) and a procurement-after-disaster mode (PADM). We provide the optimal decisions associated with these three modes. Theoretical results in the OM show that a large order is not always better for the private supplier. From theoretical and numerical comparative analyses, no mode is absolutely superior. For the public sector, there are two thresholds. When the disaster probability is less than the low threshold, the revenues of all procurement modes are the same; when the disaster probability is larger than the high threshold, the OBDM has the highest revenue; otherwise, the OM has the highest revenue. However, for the private supplier, the PADM always has the highest revenue.
Immuno-antibiotics: targeting microbial metabolic pathways sensed by unconventional T cells
Authors: Eberl Matthias , Oldfield Eric , Herrmann Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and other unconventional T cells are specialised in detecting microbial metabolic pathway intermediates that are absent in humans. The recognition by such semi-invariant innate-like T cells of compounds like (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), the penultimate metabolite in the MEP isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, and intermediates of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway and their metabolites allows the immune system to rapidly sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are shared by a wide range of micro-organisms. Given the essential nature of these metabolic pathways for microbial viability, they have emerged as promising targets for the development of novel antibiotics. Here, we review recent findings that link enzymatic inhibition of microbial metabolism with alterations in the levels of unconventional T cell ligands produced by treated micro-organisms that have given rise to the concept of ‘immuno-antibiotics’: combining direct antimicrobial activity with an immunotherapeutic effect via modulation of unconventional T cell responses.
Primes and Polynomials With Restricted Digits
Authors: Maynard James 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Let $q$ be a sufficiently large integer, and $a_0\in \{0,\dots ,q-1\}$. We show there are infinitely many prime numbers that do not have the digit $a_0$ in their base $q$ expansion. Similar results are obtained for values of a polynomial (satisfying the necessary local conditions) and if multiple digits are excluded.
Aperiodicity: The Almost Extension Property and Uniqueness of Pseudo-Expectations
Authors: Kwaśniewski Bartosz Kosma , Meyer Ralf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove implications among the conditions in the title for general $\text C^*$-inclusions $A\subseteq B$, and we also relate this to several other properties in case $B$ is a crossed product for an action of a group, inverse semigroup, or an étale groupoid on $A$. We show that if the $\text C^*$-inclusion is aperiodic it has a unique pseudo-expectations, and if, in addition, this pseudo-expectation is faithful, then $A$ supports $B$ in the sense of the Cuntz preorder. The almost extension property implies aperiodicity, and the converse holds if $B$ is separable. A crossed product inclusion has the almost extension property if and only if the dual groupoid of the action is topologically principal. Topologically free actions are always aperiodic. If $A$ is separable or of Type I, then topological freeness, aperiodicity and having a unique pseudo-expectation are equivalent to the condition that $A$ detects ideals in all $\text C^*$-algebras $C$ with $A\subseteq C \subseteq B$. If, in addition, $B$ is separable, then all these conditions are equivalent to the almost extension property.
A Silver Lining? Fewer Non–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Respiratory Viruses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Most Zachary M , Holcomb Michael , Jamieson Andrew R , Perl Trish M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have “flattened the curve” of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; however the effect of these interventions on other respiratory viruses is unknown. We used aggregate level case count data for 8 respiratory viruses and compared the institutional and statewide case counts before and during the period that NPIs were active. We observed a 61% decrease (incidence rate ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, .37–.41; P &lt; .001) in non–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 respiratory viral infections when NPIs were implemented. This finding, if further verified, should guide future public health initiatives to mitigate viral epidemics.
Keratinocyte IL-36 Receptor/MyD88 Signaling MediatesMalassezia-Induced IL-17–Dependent Skin Inflammation
Authors: Miyachi Hideaki , Wakabayashi Seiichiro , Sugihira Takashi , Aoyama Reika , Saijo Shinobu , Koguchi-Yoshioka Hanako , Fujimoto Manabu , Núñez Gabriel , Matsue Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yuumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong skin commensal fungi, lipophilic Malassezia species exist on nearly all human skin surfaces. The pathophysiology of Malassezia-associated skin diseases remains poorly understood due in part to the lack of appropriate animal models. Our objective was to investigate the mechanisms underlying Malassezia-induced skin inflammation using a novel murine model that physiologically recapitulates Malassezia skin infection.MethodsMice were inoculated epicutaneously with Malassezia yeasts without barrier disruption and in the absence of external lipid supplementation. Skin inflammation, lesional fungal loads, and expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides were evaluated in wild-type and mutant mouse strains.ResultsMalassezia-induced skin inflammation and epidermal thickening were observed on day 4 after inoculation in wild-type mice. High fungal burdens were detected in the cornified layer on day 2 and decreased thereafter with near complete clearance by day 7 after inoculation. Malassezia-induced skin inflammation and fungal clearance by the host were interleukin-17 (IL-17) dependent with contribution of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Moreover, IL-17–dependent skin inflammation was mediated through IL-36 receptor and keratinocyte MyD88 signaling.ConclusionUsing a new skin infection model, it is shown that Malassezia-induced IL-17– dependent skin inflammation and control of fungal infection are mediated via keratinocyte IL-36 receptor/MyD88 signaling.
A reconfigurable microscale assay enables insights into cancer-associated fibroblast modulation of immune cell recruitment
Authors: Yu Jiaquan , Piazza Amber , Sparks Sidney , Hind Laurel E , Niles David J , Ingram Patrick N , Huang Wei , Ricke William A , Jarrard David F , Huttenlocher Anna , Basu Hirak , Beebe David J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Innate immune cell infiltration into neoplastic tissue is the first line of defense against cancer and can play a deterministic role in tumor progression. Here, we describe a series of assays, using a reconfigurable microscale assay platform (i.e. Stacks), which allows the study of immune cell infiltration in vitro with spatiotemporal manipulations. We assembled Stacks assays to investigate tumor–monocyte interactions, re-education of activated macrophages, and neutrophil infiltration. For the first time in vitro, the Stacks infiltration assays reveal that primary tumor-associated fibroblasts from specific patients differ from that associated with the benign region of the prostate in their ability to limit neutrophil infiltration as well as facilitate monocyte adhesion and anti-inflammatory monocyte polarization. These results show that fibroblasts play a regulatory role in immune cell infiltration and that Stacks has the potential to predict individual patients’ cancer-immune response.
Using patient-reported outcome measures in psychiatric hospital care: an observational study describing an iterative implementation process in Denmark
Authors: Kristensen Solvejg , Holmskov Jens , Pølund Karen , Hjermitslev Anne-Louise Lind , Bergh-Hanssen Karin , Christensen Irene Hjortlund , Bonde Maria , Mainz Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly recognized as valuable sources of information to enhance our understanding of the quality of healthcare from the patient’s perspective.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the implementation process of the Danish nationwide PRO-Psychiatry project, including iterative tests of previously developed PRO measurement concept and an online data collection tool. Additional aims were to identify the ‘best practice’ for the routine use of PROs in hospital-based psychiatry and design information material about the project.

Methods
We conducted an action-oriented observational study to explore the pilot implementation of the PRO-Psychiatry project, which was initiated in February 2018. The study was based on an iterative plan-do-learn approach. An inpatient unit and an outpatient unit from the same psychiatric department in the North Denmark Region were selected for the pilot implementation. The implementation was anchored in multidisciplinary implementation teams at unit level. These teams managed the implementation process according to four tasks defined by the department management.

Results
The teams designed, tested, evaluated and adjusted the localized work practices relating to the use of PRO-Psychiatry. The comprehensibility of the predesigned PROs, the usability of the Information Technology(IT) system and the routine use of PROs during clinical consultations were repeatedly tested and adjusted until the functionality was satisfactory. Furthermore, the teams designed information material for patients (emails, posters, handouts and webpages) and clinicians (online clinical guidelines). The team members informed their colleagues about the progress of PRO-Psychiatry at staff meetings and rolled out the initiative through one-to-one teaching.

Conclusions
The pilot implementation was deemed successful. PRO-Psychiatry was rolled out to other units in the region, and a national decision was made to pilot implement the initiative in the other four Danish regions.
The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development
Authors: Ault-Seay Taylor B , Harrison Taylor D , Brandt Kiernan J , Payton Rebecca R , Schneider Liesel G , Myer Phillip R , Rhinehart Justin D , Rispoli Louisa A , McLean Kyle J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P &lt; 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.
Radiomics: A Primer for Breast Radiologists
Authors: Grimm Lars J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Radiomics has a long-standing history in breast imaging with computer-aided detection (CAD) for screening mammography developed in the late 20th century. Although conventional CAD had widespread adoption, the clinical benefits for experienced breast radiologists were debatable due to high false-positive marks and subsequent increased recall rates. The dramatic growth in recent years of artificial intelligence–based analysis, including machine learning and deep learning, has provided numerous opportunities for improved modern radiomics work in breast imaging. There has been extensive radiomics work in mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, MRI, ultrasound, PET-CT, and combined multimodality imaging. Specific radiomics outcomes of interest have been diverse, including CAD, prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy, lesion classification, and survival, among other outcomes. Additionally, the radiogenomics subfield that correlates radiomics features with genetics has been very proliferative, in parallel with the clinical validation of breast cancer molecular subtypes and gene expression assays. Despite the promise of radiomics, there are important challenges related to image normalization, limited large unbiased data sets, and lack of external validation. Much of the radiomics work to date has been exploratory using single-institution retrospective series for analysis, but several promising lines of investigation have made the leap to clinical practice with commercially available products. As a result, breast radiologists will increasingly be incorporating radiomics-based tools into their daily practice in the near future. Therefore, breast radiologists must have a broad understanding of the scope, applications, and limitations of radiomics work.
Interventions with Sticky Social Norms: A Critique
Authors: Dutta Rohan , Levine David K , Modica Salvatore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the consequences of policy interventions when social norms are endogenous but costly to change. In our environment, a group faces a negative externality that it partially mitigates through incentives in the form of punishments. In this setting, policy interventions can have unexpected consequences. The most striking is that when the cost of bargaining is high, introducing a Pigouvian tax can increase output—yet in doing so increase welfare. An observer who saw that an increase in a Pigouvian tax raised output might wrongly conclude that this harmed welfare and that a larger tax increase would also raise output. This counter-intuitive impact on output is demonstrated theoretically for a general model and found in case studies for public goods subsidies and cartels.
Sequence Analysis and Ontogenetic Expression Patterns of Cone Opsin Genes in the Bluefin Killifish (Lucania goodei)
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Catchen Julian , Moran Rachel L , Rivera-Colón Angel G , Wang Yu-Chun , Fuller Rebecca C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSensory systems allow for the transfer of environmental stimuli into internal cues that can alter physiology and behavior. Many studies of visual systems focus on opsins to compare spectral sensitivity among individuals, populations, and species living in different lighting environments. This requires an understanding of the cone opsins, which can be numerous. The bluefin killifish is a good model for studying the interaction between environments and visual systems as they are found in both clear springs and tannin-stained swamps. We conducted a genome-wide screening and demonstrated that the bluefin killifish has 9 cone opsins: 1 SWS1 (354 nm), 2 SWS2 (SWS2B: 359 nm, SWS2A: 448 nm), 2 RH2 (RH2-2: 476 nm, RH2-1: 537 nm), and 4 LWS (LWS-1: 569 nm, LWS-2: 524 nm, LWS-3: 569 nm, LWS-R: 560 or 569 nm). These 9 cone opsins were located on 4 scaffolds. One scaffold contained the 2 SWS2 and 3 of the 4 LWS opsins in the same syntenic order as found in other cyprinodontoid fishes. We also compared opsin expression in larval and adult killifish under clear water conditions, which mimic springs. Two of the newly discovered opsins (LWS-2 and LWS-3) were expressed at low levels (&lt;0.2%). Whether these opsins make meaningful contributions to visual perception in other contexts (i.e., swamp conditions) is unclear. In contrast, there was an ontogenetic change from using LWS-R to LWS-1 opsin. Bluefin killifish adults may be slightly more sensitive to longer wavelengths, which might be related to sexual selection and/or foraging preferences.
Seasonal Dynamics of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae and Leptopsyllidae) onOryctolagus cuniculusin a Meso-Mediterranean Area of Central Spain
Authors: González M G , González J , Valcárcel F , Sánchez M , Tercero J M , Barrios L , Olmeda A S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlea infestations of wild rabbits were examined monthly in central Spain in a meso-Mediterranean area for 5 yr. A total of 1,180 wild rabbits were trapped and 7,022 fleas were collected from them. Overall, the prevalence was 74.1% with a mean flea index of 5.95 fleas per rabbit. Four flea species were identified: Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale, 1878) was the most abundant species (accounting for 74.3% of fleas collected) followed by Xenopsylla cunicularis (Smit, 1957), Odontopsyllus quirosi (Gil Collado, 1934), and Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc, 1800) (18.9, 6.7, and 0.1%, respectively). The highest prevalence was observed in S. cuniculi (48.6%) followed by X. cunicularis, O. quirosi, and N. fasciatus (34.3, 20.0, and 0.6%, respectively). Odontopsyllus quirosi and S. cuniculi were mainly collected from autumn to spring with the peak of infestation in winter, while X. cunicularis was mainly found from spring to autumn with maximum levels of infestation during the summer months. The relevance of these findings is discussed.