bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFORMÁTICA BÁSICA APLICADA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Alves Pereira de Jesus Luzia , Figueiras Damasceno Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo sustenta reflexões sobre Informática Básica Aplicada a Educação, fazendo uma análise do uso do computador, software educacional e o papel do professor/aluno no processo ensino aprendizagem. Trata do uso do computador como ferramenta de auxílio na aprendizagem infantil, ressaltando software educacional onde os alunos ampliem conhecimentos de forma prazerosas. Logo, podemos dizer que o uso de computador na educação infantil é tão importante quanto as demais fases, é um desafio para os professores/pesquisadores. Com os avanços tecnológicos, vários aplicativos e softwares educacionais vem sendo oferecidos para alunos/professores em geral. A maioria desses programas são de domínio público, visando oferecer ao aluno um ambiente interativo, adequado à transmissão da informação e desenvolvimento do conhecimento. Os softwares são adotados com a finalidade de facilitar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, estimulando a interação entre alunos independentemente da sua escolaridade e faixa etária. O artigo, trata as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do computador como objeto de ensino, auxiliando no processo da construção do conhecimento. Portanto a pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada com diversos autores, compreendendo como se dá o uso do computador, não para ensinar conteúdos de ciência da computação, mas sim ensinar computação do ponto de vista educacional desde a educação infantil, ajudam no processo ensino-aprendizagem do aluno.
Association between CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms and Cervical Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shen Mingxia , Wang Juan , Ma Junqi 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThis study is to systemically analyze the association of CYP1A1 gene MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms with cervical cancer susceptibility.Material and methodsThe literatures about the associations between CYP1A1 polymorphism and cervical cancer were retrieved through PubMed, Embase, Chinese biomedical literature database, Wanfang database, Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals (VIP) and China Knowledge Network. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and the data in the studies selected were analyzed by Stata 12.0 software. Potential publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and a modified Egger’s linear regression test.ResultsA total of 17 studies were enrolled in this analysis. There were 14 articles on MspI locus polymorphism, including 2448 cases and 2520 controls. We found significant association between MspI locus polymorphism and cervical cancer susceptibility (C vs. T, OR 1.333, 95% CI 1.214-1.464, P≤0.001; CC vs. TT, OR 1.962, 95% CI 1.571-2.450, P≤0.001; CC/CT vs.TT, OR1.591, 95% CI1.406-1.800, P≤0.001; CCvs.TT/CT,OR1.429, 95% CI 1.177-1.736, P≤0.001). Totally, 11 articles, including 2137 cases and 2116 controls, analyzed the Ile462Val locus polymorphism and the risk of cervical cancer. The result showed significant association between Ile462Val locus polymorphism and cervical cancer susceptibility (Val vs. Ile, OR 1.338, 95% CI 1.199-1.493, P≤0.001; ValVal vs. IleIle, OR 1.576, 95% CI 1.188-2.090, P=0.002; ValVal/ValIle vs. IleIle, OR 1.498; 95% CI 1.299-1.728, P≤0.001).ConclusionsBoth MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene are associated with the risk of cervical cancer.
PENERAPAN METODE SOLFEGIO DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KOOR
Authors: Simangungsong Emmi 
Published: March 2021

This article discusses about the application of the solfegio method in the Choir Course. This article is a descriptive qualitative research. The lecturer applies the solfegio sight singing and ear training method by demonstration about warming up, breathing body, humming, vocalizing, and how to sing the rhythm and melody. The study result that applies the solfegio sight singing and ear training method by demonstration can improve the student skills in tune, sing rhythm and melody properly and precisely in accordance with time signature and song tempo of the Tolite Hostias and Praise His Holy Name.
مالی معاملات میں قبضہ کی جدید صورتیں اور ان کے شرعی احکام
Authors: Khawaja Abu Bakar , Abbasi Hasnain Amjad 
Published: March 2021

The concept of “possession” is regarded as a fundamental principle in Islamic Law of Contract and it is discussed by jurists and Islamic scholars in their writings of fiqh in a very detailed manner. However, the way trade and business are operating in today’s modern world is very different from what was happening in the past. The globalization and industrialization has transformed the modes of trade & business and innovative forms are introduced which could not be imagined previously. This modernism and innovation has led to contemporary scholars to research and discuss these modern forms from Shariah viewpoint as they are not found explicity in old fiqh literature. The objective of this article is to discuss the concept of possessin and its modern forms taking into consideration the originat resources and the scattered literature of contemporary jurists. In this regard, the paper has shed light on basic concepts of possession and its forms as well as the modern applications which are prevalent in the financial industry. It is found that the definition of “possession” is not defined in strict parameters by scholars but rather it has left to the “urf” and customary practices of people. Likewise, the paper concludes that the physical possession in not necessary but contructive possession is also considered legal and sufficient in Islamic law of Contract. Therefore, the modern forms of possession such bank draft, personal check, transfer in the account of creditor, payment with credit-card and bill of lading are also acceptable as they are considered as constructive possession.
Austrian economics and new currency theory on 100% banking: A response to Huber
Authors: Bagus Philipp 
Published: March 2021

This article is a response to Huber (2013) Notes on the occasion of reading Jesús Huerta de Soto. We first analyze and critique the five main arguments Huber brings forward against Huerta de Soto’s theory and monetary reform plan. Second, we clarify some of Huber’s misunderstandings regarding Huerta de Soto’s theory and Austrian economics in general. Finally, we proceed to criticize the New Currency School and Huber’s ideal monetary system of a 100% fiat money.
Key words: 100% banking, New Currency School, Austrian School, Monetary Reform, Huber, Huerta de Soto.
JEL Classification: E40, E50, B53, B59.
Resumen: Este artículo es una respuesta a Huber (2013) Notes on the occasion of reading Jesús Huerta de Soto. Primero, analizamos y criticamos los cinco argumentos principales que Huber lanza contra la teoría y la reforma monetaria que plantea Huerta de Soto. Segundo, clarificamos algunos de los malenten-didos acerca de la teoría de Huerta de Soto y la Escuela Austriaca en gene - ral. Al final, procedemos a criticar a la Nueva Escuela Monetaria y el siste - ma monetario ideal de Huber, que es un sistema de dinero fiat 100%.
Palabras clave: Banca 100%, Nueva Escuela Monetaria, Escuela Austriaca, Reforma Monetaria, Huber, Huerta de Soto.
Clasificación JEL: E40, E50, B53, B59.
The ZIRP trap – The institutionalization of negative real interest rates
Authors: Bagus Philipp 
Published: March 2021

This paper analyzes the consequences of the monetary policies enact-ed by Western central banks from 2008 on and the possibilities to end these policies. Zero interest rate policies (ZIRP) actually impaired the recovery that was underway by subsidizing a distorted structure of production. The over­ indebtedness of Western economies was artificially propped up thus delaying recovery. We also show how ZIRP fosters moral hazard, the development of new bubbles and breeds unintended consequences that destabilize the finan­ cial system. ZIRP adversely influences entrepreneurship and culture by discour­ aging hard work and prudent investment. In today´s central bank world, ZIRP implies the institutionalization of negative real interest rates. It harms traditional entrepreneurial virtues, complicates long-term planning, politicizes society and erodes the foundations of capitalism.
Exiting ZIRP is politically costly. We analyze the exit options that remain for policy makers, including financial repression, high inflation, default, capital levies, bail-ins and currency reforms, and evaluate them from a free-market perspective.
Keywords: ZIRP, unconventional monetary policy, overindebtedness, exit op­ tions, negative real interest rates.
JEL Classification: E14, E31, E32, E52
Resumen: Este artículo analiza las consecuencias de las políticas monetarias de los bancos centrales a partir de 2008 y la posibilidad de salir de estas políticas extraordinarias. ZIRP impidió la recuperación subvencionando una estructura productiva distorsionada. El sobreendeudamento de las economías occidentales se mantuvo y alargo artificialmente retrasando la recuperación. Mostramos también que ZIRP causa riesgo moral, el desarrollo de nuevas bur-bujas y consecuencias no intencionadas que desestabilizan el sistema financie-ro. ZIRP afecta negativamente a la función empresarial y a la cultura. Desincen-tiva el trabajo y la inversión prudente. En el mundo actual de bancos centrales, ZIRP implica la institucionalización de tipos de interés reales negativos. Daña las virtudes empresariales tradicionales, complica la planificación a largo pla-zo, politiza la sociedad y mina las bases del capitalismo.
La salida de ZIRP es políticamente costosa. Analizamos las opciones de salida que les quedan a los políticos incluyendo la represión financiera, una inflación elevada, el incumplimiento en los pagos, los impuestos sobre el capital, bail-ins y reformas monetarias que son evaluadas desde una perspectiva liberal.
Palabras clave: política de tipo de interés cero (ZIRP), política monetaria no convencional, sobreendeudamiento, opciones de salida, tipos de interés reales negativos.
Clasificación JEL: E14, E31, E32, E52.
La desafiante idea de molinari: la defensa en régimen de libre competencia
Authors: Cabrera José Hernández 
Published: March 2021

According to Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912) all monopoly is harmful to consumers because they receive worse goods and pay higher prices com­ pared to what it would happen in the free market. We don´t find either econom­ ic or logical reasons that justifies the state monopoly of the production of securi­ ty and its existence should be explained by other means. Molinari´s idea, which is no other than the laissez-faire doctrine driven to its ultimate consequences, is challenging because it implies de facto the dissolution of the State as we con­ ceive it at present. The authorities will oppose, with all the means at their dispos­ al, losing the coercive monopoly of production of security because it jeopardiz­ es their interests, namely, power. There have been historical examples of non -State societies only in a small scale or in primitive and underdeveloped so­ cial groups. Perhaps, the only production of private security, in free competition, will be seen in the free cities projects or free cities under statute.
Keywords: Molinari, Laissez faire, Monopoly, Security, Defense.
JEL Classification: D42, F52, H11, H42, H56 y H77.
Resumen: Según Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912) todo monopolio es nocivo para los consumidores porque estos reciben peores bienes y a precios más elevados en comparación con lo que sucedería en el libre mercado. No encon­ tramos razones económicas ni lógicas que justifiquen el monopolio estatal de la producción de seguridad y su existencia debería ser explicada por otros medios. La idea de Molinari, que no es otra cosa que llevar la doctrina del laissez faire hasta sus últimas consecuencias, es desafiante porque implica de facto la disolución del Estado tal y como lo concebimos actualmente. Los go­ bernantes se opondrán, con todos los medios a su alcance, a perder el mono­ polio coactivo de la producción de seguridad porque perjudica sus intereses, a saber, su poder. Los ejemplos históricos de sociedades sin Estado sólo se han dado a pequeña escala o en grupos sociales primitivos y poco desarrollados. Tal vez, la única producción privada de seguridad, en libre competencia, la veamos en los proyectos free cities o ciudades libres bajo estatuto.
Palabras clave: Molinari, Laissez faire, Monopolio, Seguridad, Defensa.
Clasificación JEL: D42, F52, H11, H42, H56 y H77.
La secesión como solución al problema del estado. el caso de cataluña
Authors: Parella Jordi Franch 
Published: March 2021

Classical liberalism has failed to limit the growth of the State. The right to self-determination, a principle supported by Ludwig von Mises, is the last mechanism to save the natural order based on liberty and private property. State dysfunctions in current Spain are stark, with Catalonia that cannot fit in the state structure. In recent years, the Catalan secessionist movement has gained new impetus. Galvanized by the civil society, the Catalan government claims sover­ eignty, but the central government consistently opposes. The economic crisis is added to the general deterioration of the public administration and the institution­ al corruption. Given this historical juncture, this article analyzes the current situa­ tion of Catalonia within Spain, traces its historical evolution according to Hoppe’s theory and proposes the mechanism to overcome the anachronistic nation-state, evolving to a social order based on private property and free market.
Key words: Spain, Catalonia, State, Secession, Democracy.
JEL Classification: H1.
Resumen: El liberalismo clásico no ha conseguido limitar el crecimiento del Esta­ do. El derecho de autodeterminación, un principio defendido por Ludwig von Mises, es el mecanismo último para salvar el orden natural basado en la libertad y la propiedad privada. Las disfunciones del Estado se manifiestan actualmente en España, donde Cataluña no encuentra un encaje satisfactorio. En los últimos años, el movimiento secesionista catalán ha ganado renovado ímpetu. Galvani­ zado por la sociedad civil, el gobierno de la Generalitat de Catalunya reclama una soberanía a la que el gobierno central se opone sistemáticamente. A la crisis económica se le añade la corrupción institucional. Ante esta encrucijada históri­ ca, el presente artículo analiza la situación actual de Cataluña dentro del Estado español, traza su evolución histórica según la teoría de Hoppe y propone los mecanismos necesarios para superar el anacrónico estado- nación, evolucionan­ do hacia un orden social basado en la propiedad privada y el libre mercado.
Palabras clave: España, Cataluña, Estado, Secesión, Democracia.
Clasificación JEL: H1.
Esbozo sobre el método de las Ciencias Sociales, con especial referencia a la economía. Una aproximación desde la doctrina de la Escuela Austriaca
Authors: Chuliá Sagar Hernández 
Published: March 2021

In this article we justify epistemologically the methods of social scien-ce based on certain contributions from the austrian school of economics (but not only). To do this, we start from the knowledge of agents in the world of everyday life, we differentiate between it and the scientific knowledge, we distinguish the fields of the physical and natural sciences and of human scien-ces, we argue that the social sciences should be considered as a specific form of human sciences and we define economics as a science of human action that takes place in the presence of significant monetary prices for agents. In addi-tion, we define the fields of economic theory, based on the conception method and operated through imaginary constructions, and economic history, which uses the understanding method and ideal types.
Keywords: gnoseology, epistemology, methodology, social sciences, econo-mics.
JEL Codes: B40 B41 B53
Resumen: En este artículo pretendemos fundamentar epistemológicamente los métodos propios de las ciencias sociales basándonos en ciertas aportaciones procedentes de la escuela austriaca de economía (aunque no sólo). Para ello, partimos del conocimiento de los agentes en el mundo de la vida cotidiana, diferenciamos entre éste y el conocimiento científico, distinguimos los campos de investigación propios de las ciencias físico-naturales y de las ciencias huma-nas, defendemos que las ciencias sociales deben ser consideradas como una forma específica de las ciencias humanas y definimos la economía como una ciencia que estudia la acción humana que se desarrolla en presencia de pre-cios monetarios significativos para los agentes. Además, delimitamos los cam-pos de la teoría económica, basada en el método de la concepción y que opera mediante construcciones imaginarias, e historia económica, que se vale del método de la comprensión y de los tipos ideales.
Palabras clave: gnoseología, epistemología, metodología, ciencias sociales, economía.
Clasificación JEL: B40 B41 B53
Rules and information: An integral criticism of legislation
Authors: Medina Esteban Pérez 
Published: March 2021

The goal of this paper is to produce a fundamental criticism of the legislation. However, to do so, we first need to understand the nature of custom-ary rules. For this task, we find it relevant to develop a rule theory founded on praxeology. This work studies how man produces claims over certain economic goods, how those claims can lead to conflict and the complex interactions that take place as a consequence of this. We will conclude that the rules produced in a free society as a result of said interactions condense relevant information that aids human coordination, propitiating a better resolution of future conflicts as well as their avoidance. Rules tell man what expectations he can rely on. Parting from this theory, we will explain how intervention on this spontaneous process by way of legislation produces critical consequences which we can only understand after acknowledging the process of rule formation.
Keywords: praxeology, law, customary law, rules, expectations, spontaneous order, entrepreneurship, legislation.
JEL codes: K0.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es producir una crítica fundamental de la legislación. Sin embargo, para hacerlo, primero tenemos que comprender la naturaleza de las normas consuetudinarias. Para esta tarea, consideramos que es relevante el desarrollo de una teoría de reglas basada en la praxeología. Este trabajo estudia cómo el hombre genera reclamaciones sobre ciertos bie-nes económicos, cómo ellas pueden conducir a un conflicto y las complejas interacciones que se producen como consecuencia de ello. Llegaremos a la conclusión de que las reglas que se producen en una sociedad libre y como resultado de dichas interacciones, condensan información relevante que ayu-da a la coordinación humana, propiciando una mejor resolución y evitación de conflictos futuros. Las reglas indican al hombre en qué expectativas puede confiar. A partir de esta teoría, vamos a explicar cómo la intervención en este proceso espontáneo a través de la legislación produce consecuencias críticas que sólo podemos entender después de reconocer el proceso de formación de reglas.
Palabras clave: praxeología, derecho, ley consuetudinaria, reglas, expectati-vas, orden espontáneo, función empresarial, legislación.
Clasificación JEL: K0.
As fontes da teoria quantitativa do dinheiro no Manual de Confessores de Frei Rodrigo do Porto (1549)
Authors: Afanasyev Anton Alexandrovich 
Published: March 2021

In this historic essay we have investigated the origins of the Quantity Theory of Money in Portugal the middle of the Golden Age. We have found out the origins of this theory in the first Portuguese book of moral theology Manual de Confessores e Penitentes that was composed by the Franciscan Portuguese friar Rodrigo do Porto and was printed in the University of Coimbra in 1549. Also we have found out the inspiration from father Rodrigo do Porto for the formation of economic thought (the theories of just price and the quantity theory) of the great Spanish thinker and true discoverer of the Quantity Theory doctor Martinho de Azpilcueta Navarro.
Resumo: Neste ensaio histórico investigamos as origens da Teoria Quantitativa do Dinheiro (Moeda) em Portugal do meio do Século d’Ouro. Temos encontra-do as fontes desta teoria na primeira suma portuguesa da teologia moral Manual de Confessores e Penitentes que foi composto pelo franciscano portu-guês frade Rodrigo do Porto e foi impressa na Universidade de Coimbra em 1549. Também temos encontrado a inspiração de frei Rodrigo do Porto para a formação do pensamento econômico (das teorias do preço justo e da teoria quantitativa) do grande pensador espanhol e verdadeiro descobridor da Teo-ria Quantitativa do Dinheiro doutor Martinho de Azpilcueta Navarro.
Palavras-chave: Teoria Quantitativa do Dinheiro (Moeda), Século d’Ouro, Ma-nual de Confessores (1549), Rodrigo do Porto, Martim de Azpilcueta Navarro
Keywords: Quantity Theory of Money, Golden Age, Manual de Confessores (1549), Rodrigo do Porto, Martinho de Azpilcueta Navarro
Keynes’s Politics and Economics
Authors: Fuller Edward W. 
Published: March 2021

The central thesis of this paper is that Keynes invented the IS-LM mod-el to justify non-Marxist socialism. This paper outlines the chronology of Keynes’s ideas to demonstrate that he invented Keynesian economics to justify his previously held political beliefs. This paper shows that Keynes is best de-scribed as a non-Marxist socialist. Then the papers confirms that the IS-LM model is the correct interpretation of the General Theory. Finally, the IS-LM demand constraint equations and diagram are used to illustrate Keynes’s eco-nomic justification of non-Marxist socialism.
Keywords: John Maynard Keynes, IS-LM model, Socialism, Socialization of In-vestment
JEL Classification: E12, E22, E32, E52, P20, P26, B22, B24
Resumen: La tesis central de este trabajo es que Keynes perfiló el modelo IS-LM para justificar el socialismo no marxista. Este artículo establece la cronología de las ideas de Keynes para demostrar que creó la economía keynesiana para justificar las creencias políticas que sostenía previamente. Muestra que Keynes puede caracterizarse como un socialista no marxista. Posteriormente, confirma que el modelo IS-LM es la interpretación correcta de la Teoría General. Por último, utiliza las ecuaciones y diagramas de restricción de demanda del mo-delo IS-LM para ilustrar la justificación económica de Keynes del socialismo no-marxista.
Palabras clave: John Maynard Keynes, modelo IS-LM, socialismo, socialización de la inversión
Clasificación JEL: E12, E22, E32, E52, P20, P26, B22, B24