bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Escherichia coli biofilm to increase contact surface for shikimate and L-malate production
Authors: Ding Qiang , Liu Yadi , Hu Guipeng , Guo Liang , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Chen Wei , Chen Jian , Liu Liming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicrobial organelles are a promising model to promote cellular functions for the production of high-value chemicals. However, the concentrations of enzymes and nanoparticles are limited by the contact surface in single Escherichia coli cells. Herein, the definition of contact surface is to improve the amylase and CdS nanoparticles concentration for enhancing the substrate starch and cofactor NADH utilization. In this study, two biofilm-based strategies were developed to improve the contact surface for the production of shikimate and L-malate. First, the contact surface of E. coli was improved by amylase self-assembly with a blue light-inducible biofilm-based SpyTag/SpyCatcher system. This system increased the glucose concentration by 20.7% and the starch-based shikimate titer to 50.96 g L−1, which showed the highest titer with starch as substrate. Then, the contact surface of E. coli was improved using a biofilm-based CdS-biohybrid system by light-driven system, which improved the NADH concentration by 83.3% and increased the NADH-dependent L-malate titer to 45.93 g L−1. Thus, the biofilm-based strategies can regulate cellular functions to increase the efficiency of microbial cell factories based on the optogenetics, light-driven, and metabolic engineering.
Graphical Abstract
Design, analysis, and reporting of pilot studies in HIV: a systematic review and methodological study
Authors: El-Khechen Hussein Ali , Khan Mohammed Inam Ullah , Leenus Selvin , Olaiya Oluwatobi , Durrani Zoha , Masood Zaryan , Leenus Alvin , Akhter Shakib , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPilot studies are essential in determining if a larger study is feasible. This is especially true when targeting populations that experience stigma and may be difficult to include in research, such as people with HIV. We sought to describe how pilot studies have been used to inform HIV clinical trials.MethodsWe conducted a methodological study of pilot studies of interventions in people living with HIV published until November 25, 2020, using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL). We extracted data on their nomenclature, primary objective, use of progression criteria, sample size, use of qualitative methods, and other contextual information (region, income, level, type of intervention, study design).ResultsOur search retrieved 10,597 studies, of which 248 were eligible. The number of pilot studies increased steadily over time. We found that 179 studies (72.2%) used the terms “pilot” or “feasibility” in their title, 65.3% tested feasibility as a primary objective, only 2% used progression criteria, 23.9% provided a sample size estimation and only 30.2% used qualitative methods.ConclusionsPilot studies are increasingly being used to inform HIV research. However, the titles and objectives are not always consistent with piloting. The design and reporting of pilot studies in HIV could be improved.
The effect of intradialytic exercise on inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Elshinnawy Howaida Abdelhameed , Fayez Mahmoud Mohamed , Farrag Dina Abou Bakr , AbdElgawad Moustafa Abd Elnassier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature of chronic kidney disease associated with increased risk of multiple morbidities and mortalities. Hemodialysis (HD) patients lead a sedentary life style which may aggravate their inflammatory state and practicing exercise may improve this condition. The aim of this work was to study the effect of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on inflammatory markers in HD patients.

Results
This prospective cohort study included 40 HD patients, divided into 2 groups: exercise group completed IDE for 3 months and non-exercise group matched in age and sex as controls. At baseline, there was no difference between both groups regarding physical performance assessed using short physical performance battery test (SPBT) or inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) P > 0.05. After 3 months, SPBT significantly improved in exercise group (P < 0.001). Also, both serum CRP and IL-6 levels showed significant decrease in exercise group compared to baseline (P < 0.001), while no similar change was noticed in non-exercise group.

Conclusions
Regular intradialytic aerobic exercise program can improve physical function and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Further studies on larger number of patients are warranted.
Development of the Spirituality in Palliative Care Scale for nursing students in the context of Thai culture
Authors: Sukcharoen Pilaiporn , Sakunpong Nanchatsan 
Published: November 2021

Background:Nursing students form part of the healthcare team who care for patients who are living with a terminal illness and facing physical and spiritual suffering. However, there is a lack of suitable indicators to measure a nurse's spirituality when they are providing palliative care.Aim:To develop a way of measuring the spirituality of nurses who provide palliative care.Method:The participants consisted of 312 third-and fourth-year nursing students of two nursing colleges from southern and central Thailand.Finding:The 12-item Spirituality in Palliative Care Scale had the reliability of .804. The measurement model was consistent with the empirical data and had unidimensional quality (X2=50.94, df=45, p-value=0.25, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.044, Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation (SRMR)=0.044, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI)=0.95, Corporate Finance Institute (CFI)=0.97, goodness of fit (GFI)=0.97). The items' factor loadings were in between .48 and .84.Conclusion:The spirituality in palliative care scale can measure nursing students' spirituality in palliative care and nursing educators can use the measurement to support nursing students to develop greater awareness of spirituality in palliative care.
Synchronization of an optical frequency comb and a microwave oscillator with 53  zs/Hz1/2 resolution and 10-20-level stability
Authors: Ahn Changmin , Na Yongjin , Hyun Minji , Bae Jinho , Kim Jungwon 
Published: November 2021

Precise and stable synchronization between an optical frequency comb (femtosecond mode-locked laser oscillator or microresonator-based comb) and a microwave oscillator is important for various fields including telecommunication, radio astronomy, metrology, and ultrafast X-ray and electron science. Timing detection and synchronization using electro-optic sampling with an interferometer has been actively used for low-noise microwave generation, long-distance timing transfer, comb stabilization, time-of-flight sensing, and laser-microwave synchronization for ultrafast science facilities. Despite its outstanding performance, there has been a discrepancy in synchronization performance of more than 10 dB between the projected shot-noise-limited noise floor and the measured residual noise floor. In this work, we demonstrate the shot-noise-limited performance of an electro-optic timing detector-based comb-microwave synchronization, which enabled an unprecedented residual phase noise floor of

−
174.5

dBc
/
Hz

at 8 GHz carrier frequency (i.e.,

53

zs
/

Hz

1
/
2

timing noise floor), integrated rms timing jitter of 88 as (

1

Hz

to

1

MHz

), rms timing drift of 319 as over 12 h, and frequency instability of

3.6
×

10

−
20

over 10,000 s averaging time. We identified that bandpass filtering of the microwave signal and optical pulse repetition-rate multiplication are critical for achieving this performance.
Psychological predictors of vaccination intentions among U.S. undergraduates and online panel workers during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gupta Suryaa , Watanabe Shoko , Laurent Sean M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective
Availability of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic, but herd immunity can only be achieved with high vaccination coverage. The present research examined psychological factors associated with intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and whether reluctance towards novel pandemic vaccines are similar to vaccine hesitancy captured by a hypothetical measure used in previous research.

Method
Study 1 was administered to undergraduate students when COVID-19 was spreading exponentially (February-April 2020). Study 2 was conducted with online panel workers toward the end of the first U.S. wave (July 2020) as a pre-registered replication and extension of Study 1. In both studies, participants (total N = 1,022) rated their willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination and to vaccinate a hypothetical child for a fictitious disease, and then responded to various psychological measures.

Results
In both studies, vaccination intentions were positively associated with past flu vaccine uptake, self-reported vaccine knowledge, vaccine confidence, and sense of collective responsibility. Complacency (not perceiving disease as high-risk), anti-vaccine conspiracy beliefs, perceived vaccine danger, and mistrust in science/scientists were negative correlates of vaccination intentions. Constraints (psychological barriers), calculation (extensive information-searching), analytical thinking, perceived disease vulnerability, self-other overlap, and conservatism were weakly associated with vaccination intentions but not consistently across both studies or vaccine types. Additionally, similar factors were associated with both real and hypothetical vaccination intentions, suggesting that conclusions from pre-COVID vaccine hesitancy research mostly generalize to the current pandemic situation.

Conclusion
Encouraging flu vaccine uptake, enhancing confidence in a novel vaccine, and fostering a sense of collective responsibility are particularly important as they uniquely predict COVID-19 vaccination intentions. By including both actual pandemic-related hesitancy measures and hypothetical hesitancy measures from past research in the same study, this work provides key context for the generalizability of earlier non-pandemic research.
Long-term retention and predictors of attrition for key populations receiving antiretroviral treatment through community-based ART in Benue State Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ibiloye Olujuwon , Jwanle Plang , Masquillier Caroline , Van Belle Sara , Jaachi Ekere , Amoo Olubunmi , Isah Ahmed , Omole Temiwoluwa , Samuel Jay Osi , van Olmen Josefien , Lynen Lutgarde , Okonkwo Prosper , Decroo Tom 
Published: November 2021

Background
Key populations (KP) are disproportionately infected with HIV and experience barriers to HIV care. KP include men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), persons who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender people (TG). We implemented three different approaches to the delivery of community-based antiretroviral therapy for KP (KP-CBART) in Benue State Nigeria, including One Stop Shop clinics (OSS), community drop-in-centres (DIC), and outreach venues. OSS are community-based health facilities serving KP only. DIC are small facilities led by lay healthcare providers and supported by an outreach team. Outreach venues are places in the community served by the outreach team. We studied long-term attrition of KP and virological non-suppression.

Method
This is a retrospective cohort study of KP living with HIV (KPLHIV) starting ART between 2016 and 2019 in 3 0SS, 2 DIC and 8 outreach venues. Attrition included lost to follow-up (LTFU) and death. A viral load >1000 copies/mL showed viral non-suppression. Survival analysis was used to assess retention on ART. Cox regression and Firth logistic regression were used to assess risk factors for attrition and virological non-suppression respectively.

Result
Of 3495 KPLHIV initiated on ART in KP-CBART, 51.8% (n = 1812) were enrolled in OSS, 28.1% (n = 982) in DIC, and 20.1% (n = 701) through outreach venues. The majority of participants were FSW—54.2% (n = 1896), while 29.8% (n = 1040), 15.8% (n = 551) and 0.2% (n = 8) were MSM, PWID, and TG respectively. The overall retention in the programme was 63.5%, 55.4%, 51.2%, and 46.7% at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years on ART. Of 1650 with attrition, 2.5% (n = 41) died and others were LTFU. Once adjusted for other factors (age, sex, place of residence, year of ART enrollment, WHO clinical stage, type of KP group, and KP-CBART approach), KP-CBART approach did not predict attrition. MSM were at a higher risk of attrition (vs FSW; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.27; 95%CI: 1.14–1.42). Of 3495 patients, 48.4% (n = 1691) had a viral load test. Of those, 97.8% (n = 1654) were virally suppressed.

Conclusion
Although long-term retention in care is low, the virological suppression was optimal for KP on ART and retained in community-based ART care. However, viral load testing coverage was sub-optimal. Future research should explore the perspectives of clients on reasons for LTFU and how to adapt approach to CBART to meet individual client needs.
Bond Girls: Body, Fashion and Gender, Monica Germanà (2020)
Authors: Arden Caroline 
Published: November 2021

Review of: Bond Girls: Body, Fashion and Gender, Monica Germanà (2020)
London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 264pp.,
ISBN-10: 0857855328 (pbk), $34.95,
ISBN-10: 085785643X (hbk), $76.22
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN IBADAN,OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Omilani Aanuoluwa 
Published: November 2021

Plants have been used locally and traditionally in the treatment and management of some ailments. The use of medicinal plants is in combination with the several cultural beliefs and traditional practices and has a long history in therapeutic success because many drugs used clinically today are developed directly or indirectly from plants. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are sets of venerable diseases that are rampant in Nigeria contributing to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Ethnobotanical studies of the available local medicinal plants used for the management of STDs will lead to the discovery of better antimicrobials to treat STDs.
The ethnobotanical survey of plants used in treatment of Sexually transmitted diseases was carried out in Ibadan city. The study was aimed at documenting the use of traditional medicines in treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among the people of Ibadan. The specific areas of study were Bode Market in Ibadan South East Local Government Area, Oje Market in Ibadan North East Local Government Area and Olunde area in Oluyole Local Government Area. The respondents interviewed included herb sellers, herbalist and herbal therapists. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from them and communication was done verbally in Yoruba. Medicinal plants recommended were collected and taken to Forestry Research institute of Nigeria (FRIN) in Jericho, Ibadan for proper Identification.
From the survey, 52 Species of plants representing 34 families were reported by 80 traditional medicine practitioners as remedies for treating Sexually transmitted diseases. The families that were highly used include Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae and Cucurbitaceae. The plants commonly used were Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, Plumbago zeylanica L., Citrus aurantifolia Christm., Mangifera indica L., Senna alata L. Roxb, Erythropleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan and Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel. The plant Citrullus colocynthis had the highest frequency of use.
The high frequency of use of these plants suggests their efficacy and potency against Sexually transmitted disease. The further analysis of these plants can help to develop new, effective therapeutic medicinal drugs (antimicrobials) that would be useful to control Sexually transmitted diseases thereby reducing their morbidity and mortality impact on Global health.
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN LEMUKUTAN ISLAND WATERS, WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Idiawati Nora , Safitri Ikha , Sofiana Mega Sari Juane 
Published: November 2021

Phytoplankton plays an important role in marine ecosystems as primary producer, as the basis of food chains and the food web, and are widely used as bioindicators to monitor water condition. The study of phytoplankton is the primary interest to explore aquatic resources for blue biotechnology applications in conditions as a live feed, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, possibly food and health industry. The study aims to assess the composition, abundance and diversity of phytoplankton community in Lemukutan Island waters of West Kalimantan. The present study found 31 genera of phytoplankton, consisted of Bacillariophyceae (28 genera) and Dinophyceae (3 genera). In term of contribution, Bacillariophyceae were found to be dominant (93.035%) than dinophyceae (6.965%). The abundance of phytoplankton varied between 636.91 to 2034.48 cell.L-1. The diversity index (H’), the evenness (E) index, and the dominance (C) index ranged from 1.959–2.579, 0.582–0.868, 0.094–0.283, respectively. The result showed that the diversity index was moderate, the evenness index was high, and the dominance index was low.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BERBAGAI JENIS MAKROALGA DI PANTAI SEPANJANG, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA (Antioxidant Activities in Various Types of Macroalgae at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta)
Authors: Setyorini Heny Budi , Puspitasari Amallia 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan berbagai jenis makroalga di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta pada bulan Agustus 2020. Jenis makroalga yang ditemukan pada saat penelitian antara lain Ulva lactuca, Palmaria palmata, Sargassum crassifolium, Gelidium spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, dan Gracilaria verrucosa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel makroalga dilakukan secara purposive sampling meliputi bagian timur, tengah dan barat Pantai Sepanjang. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa potensi aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada Gelidiella acerosa yang berada di bagian tengah Pantai Sepanjang dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 22,407 g/ml. This research aimed to analyze antioxidant activities from various types of macroalgae. Sample collection was taken at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta in August 2020. Various types of macroalgae were found are: Ulva lactuca, Palmaria palmata, Sargassum crassifolium, Gelidium spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, and Gracilaria verrucosa. A method of descriptive exploratory was used in this research. Macroalgae samples were collected by purposive sampling from the eastern, central and western area of Sepanjang Beach. Antioxidant activities were carried out using DPPH method. The results showed that fresh Gelidiella acerosa which is located in the middle of Sepanjang Beach, has the highest antioxidant activities with IC50 value 22.407 g ml-1.
Minimality of balls in the small volume regime for a general Gamow-type functional
Authors: Carazzato Davide , Fusco Nicola , Pratelli Aldo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider functionals given by the sum of the perimeter and the double integral of some kernel

g
:

ℝ
N

×

ℝ
N

→

ℝ
+

{g:\mathbb{R}^{N}\times\mathbb{R}^{N}\to\mathbb{R}^{+}}

, multiplied by a “mass parameter” ε. We show that, whenever g is admissible, radial and decreasing, the unique minimizer of this functional among sets of given volume is the ball as soon as

ε
≪
1

{\varepsilon\ll 1}

.
Regularity criteria for 3D Navier–Stokes equations in terms of a mid frequency part of velocity in
B˙-1
∞,∞
Authors: Ri Myong-Hwan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We prove that a Leray–Hopf weak solution u to 3D Navier–Stokes equations
is regular in

(
0
,
T
]

{(0,T]}

if the

L
1

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

B
˙

∞
,
∞

-
1

)

{L^{1}(0,T;\dot{B}^{-1}_{\infty,\infty})}

-
or

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

B
˙

∞
,
∞

-
1

)

{L^{2}(0,T;\dot{B}^{-1}_{\infty,\infty})}

-norm of

u

k
/
2

,
k

{u_{k/2,k}}

, the mid frequency part of Fourier modes

k
2

≤

|
ξ
|

<
k

{\frac{k}{2}\leq|\xi|<k}

,
is small depending on the kinematic viscosity ν, initial value

u
0

{u_{0}}

and
the maximum of an averaged energy
dissipation rate

A
≡

sup

t
∈

(
0
,
T
)

⁡

(

ν
⁢

t

-
1

⁢

∫
0
t

∥

∇
⁡
u

∥

2

⁢

𝑑
τ

)

A\equiv\sup_{t\in(0,T)}\biggl{(}\nu t^{-1}\int_{0}^{t}\lVert\nabla u\rVert^{2}%
\,d\tau\biggr{)}

for some

k
≥

k
0

⁢

(
ν
,

u
0

,
A
)

{k\geq k_{0}(\nu,u_{0},A)}

. In particular, when a sufficiently high frequency part of

u
0

{u_{0}}

decays fast at an exponential rate, then we obtain regularity
conditions in terms of smallness of the

L
1

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

B
˙

∞
,
∞

-
1

)

{L^{1}(0,T;\dot{B}^{-1}_{\infty,\infty})}

-
or

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

B
˙

∞
,
∞

-
1

)

{L^{2}(0,T;\dot{B}^{-1}_{\infty,\infty})}

-norm of

u

k
/
2

,
k

{u_{k/2,k}}

, which involve only the known data ν and

u
0

{u_{0}}

.
Combined BNCT and PET for theranostics
Authors: Silarski Michał , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Szczepanek Monika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This short review summarizes the issue of boron distribution monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which remains a serious drawback of this powerful oncological treatment. Here we present the monitoring methods that are presently used with particular emphasis on the positron emission tomography (PET) which has the highest potential to be used for the real-time monitoring of boron biodistribution. We discuss the possibility of using present PET scanners to determine the boron uptake in vivo before the BNCT treatment with the use of p-boronphenylalanine (BPA) labeled with 18F isotope. Several examples of preclinical studies and clinical trials performed with the use of [18F]FBPA are shown. We also discuss shortly the perspectives of using other radiotracers and boron carriers which may significantly improve the boron imaging with the use of the state-of-the-art Total-Body PET scanners providing a theranostic approach in the BNCT.
Modular iterated integrals associated with cusp forms
Authors: Diamantis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We construct an explicit family of modular iterated integrals which involves cusp forms. This leads to a new method of producing modular invariant functions based on iterated integrals of modular forms. The construction will be based on an extension of higher-order modular forms which, in contrast to the standard higher-order forms, applies to general Fuchsian groups of the first kind and, as such, is of independent interest.
Invisibility concentrator based on van der Waals semiconductor α-MoO3
Authors: Hou Tao , Tao Sicen , Mu Haoran , Bao Qiaoliang , Chen Huanyang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
By combining transformation optics and van der Waals layered materials, an invisibility concentrator with a thin layer of α-MoO3 wrapping around a cylinder is proposed. It inherits the effects of invisibility and energy concentration at Fabry–Pérot resonance frequencies, with tiny scattering. Due to the natural in-plane hyperbolicity in α-MoO3, the challenges of experimental complexity and infinite dielectric constant can be resolved perfectly. Through analytical calculation and numerical simulations, the relevant functionalities including invisibility, energy concentration and illusion effect of the designed device are confirmed, which provides guidelines for the subsequent experimental verification in future.