bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Besserer Schlaf und weniger Schmerzen? Schlaftraining in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Tscharaktschiew Nadine , Ende Luisa , Onderka Christiane 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es besteht eine hohe Komorbidität zwischen chronischen Schmerzen und Ein- und Durchschlafstörungen (Insomnien). Hierbei wirken sich die Schmerzen nicht nur störend auf den Schlaf aus – eine schlechte Schlafqualität kann auch das Schmerzempfinden verstärken. Bisher erfolgt die Behandlung beider Störungsbilder jedoch größtenteils separat. In einer Pilotstudie wurde die Wirkung eines kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Schlaftrainings, das auf die gemeinsame Behandlung beider Störungsbilder abzielt, im Bereich der ambulanten orthopädischen Rehabilitation untersucht.
Methodik N=41 Patient/innen nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, wobei 15 Teilnehmer/innen der Kontrollgruppe angehörten. Das Training umfasst 4 Module á 90min und wurde speziell für Patient/innen mit chronischen Schmerzen und komorbider Insomnie konzipiert. Es beinhaltet verschiedene Maßnahmen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie zur Behandlung von Insomnie und chronischen Schmerzen (z. B. Schlafhygiene, Schlafrestriktion, Schlaf-Schmerz-Protokoll, kognitive Umstrukturierung) und adressiert speziell den Zusammenhang zwischen Schlaf und Schmerz. Vor und nach dem Training wurden Schlafqualität, schlafbezogene Gedanken (Focussing, Grübeln), internale gesundheitsbezogene Kontrollüberzeugung, Schmerzstärke (am Tag und in der Nacht) sowie schmerzbezogene Gedanken (schmerzbezogene Ängste, schmerzbezogene Hilflosigkeit/Depression) mittels Fragebogen erfasst.
Ergebnisse Für die meisten Parameter (Schlafqualität, Schlafeffizienz, Focussing, Grübeln, internale gesundheitliche Kontrollüberzeugung, durchschnittliche Schmerzen am Tag und in der Nacht, maximale Schmerzen in der Nacht, schmerzbezogene Ängste und schmerzbezogene Hilflosigkeit/Depression) ergaben gemischte Varianzanalysen (kleine η²=0,010 bis mittlere η²=0,068) Interaktionseffekte zwischen Messzeitpunkt und Gruppe, wobei die Effekte für Grübeln und durchschnittliche Schmerzen am Tag nicht signifikant waren. Für die maximalen Schmerzen am Tag zeigte sich kein Interaktionseffekt. Effektgrößen für den Prä-Post-Vergleich der einzelnen Gruppen ergaben mittlere (internale gesundheitsbezogene Kontrollüberzeugung: d=0,52) bis große (Schlafqualität: d=1,73) signifikante Verbesserungen für die Trainingsgruppe. Für die Kontrollgruppe zeigten sich keine (Focussing: d=0,00) bis kleine (maximale Schmerzstärke am Tag: d=−0,43) jedoch stets nicht signifikante Effekte.
Schlussfolgerung Das vorliegende Trainingsprogramm könnte eine Ergänzung zum herkömmlichen Behandlungsspektrum bei chronischen Schmerzen darstellen und sollte an größeren Stichproben weiter evaluiert werden.
Invasion inhibition effects and immunogenicity after vaccination of SPF chicks with a Salmonella Enteritidis live vaccine
Authors: Springer Sven , Theuß Tobias , Toth Imre , Szogyenyi Zsuzsanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Meat and eggs from chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis are considered to be an important source of Salmonella infections for humans. In order to control Salmonella infections in chickens, basic biosecurity measures are taken in combination with inactivated or attenuated live vaccines. Apart from an adaptive immune response, some live vaccines also induce innate immune mechanisms that prevent or inhibit systemic invasion with homologous Salmonella serovars. It is unknown whether these invasion inhibition effects are also directed against heterologous Salmonella serovars. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the adaptive immune response after vaccination with a Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 live vaccine is also directed against other phage types of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium.
Material and methods Specific pathogen-free day-old chicks were vaccinated orally with a commercially available Salmonella Enteritidis live vaccine. To test the invasion inhibition effect, the animals were challenged orally with a labelled Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella Infantis strain 1 day after vaccination. To demonstrate the adaptive immune response against non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain, the chickens were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis strains of phage types 1, 8 and 21 and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain (Definitive Type 193). After challenge, the abundance of the challenge strain in liver and cecal tissue was enumerated and compared with a corresponding control group.
Results Findings showed that the live Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine inhibits systemic invasion after early infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis. Furthermore, adaptive immunity against the tested non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and the monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain was demonstrated.
Conclusion and clinical relevance The results of this study demonstrate that vaccination with the Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 live vaccine significantly inhibits the invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium and Infantis. Furthermore, an adaptive immune response was also detected against non-phage type 4 Salmonella Enteritidis strains and a monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strain.
Urachusfistel beim neugeborenen Fohlen – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Bernick André , Nieth Jennifer , Wehrend Axel 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Urachusfistel ist eine Nabelerkrankung des neugeborenen Fohlens. Ätiologisch bleibt entweder der Schluss des Urachus nach der Geburt aus (Urachus persistens) oder der Urachus war bereits geschlossen und öffnet sich zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder (Urachus patens). Häufige Ursachen für eine Urachusfistel sind kongenitale Defekte, das Abreißen des Nabelstrangs oberhalb der Prädilektionsstelle, Traumata, erhöhter intravesikaler oder abdominaler Druck und Nabelinfektionen. Die Urachusfistel wird des Öfteren bei prämaturen oder lebens- und immunschwachen Fohlen beobachtet. Hengstfohlen sind häufiger betroffen als Stutfohlen. Erkrankte Fohlen zeigen entweder direkt nach der Geburt (Urachus persistens) oder meist 7–14 Tage post natum (Urachus patens) typische klinische Symptome wie Harnträufeln während der natürlichen Miktion oder Harnabsatz im Strahl über den Hautnabel sowie eine feuchte Nabelumgebung. Die Diagnose lässt sich i. d. R. eindeutig stellen. Typische labordiagnostische Befunde sind für die Urachusfistel nicht beschrieben. Konservative Therapieversuche mittels Verödung, Kauterisation oder Kryochirurgie können erfolgen, solange keine entzündlichen Veränderungen des Urachus und der übrigen Nabelstrukturen vorliegen und das Urachuslumen bis zu 6 mm beträgt. Eine Nabelresektion ist dann indiziert, wenn ein sehr weites Urachuslumen, eine begleitende Nabelinfektion oder eine Sepsis vorliegt oder wenn sich nach 5–7 Tagen konservativer Behandlungsdauer kein Therapieerfolg einstellt. In den meisten Fällen besteht eine gute Prognose, doch können Komplikationen wie Nabelentzündungen, streuende Infektionen und sekundäre Gelenkerkrankungen die Prognose erheblich verschlechtern.
Einfluss eines Selenmangels auf Milzzustand und Immunabwehr beim Schwein
Authors: Glatzle Megan 
Published: August 2021

Li S, Sun W, Zhang K et al. Selenium deficiency induces spleen pathological changes in pigs by decreasing selenoprotein expression, evoking oxidative stress, and activating inflammation and apoptosis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12 (1): 65
Selen (Se) ist ein essenzielles Spurenelement mit wichtigen Aufgaben im antioxidativen System, Schilddrüsenhormonstoffwechsel und Immunsystem. Diätetisch bedingter Selenmangel kann Auswirkungen auf die Funktion der Milz, einem wichtigen Immunorgan, haben. Da Untersuchungen hierzu limitiert sind, war es Ziel dieser Studie, in einem Schweinemodell die Pathogenese Selenmangel-bedingter Veränderungen an der Milz zu untersuchen.
Nachweishäufigkeit von equinem Rhinitis-B-Virus in Nasentupferproben von Pferden
Authors: Längerer Lina 
Published: August 2021

Bernardino P, James K, Barnum S et al. What have we learned from 7 years of equine rhinitis B virus qPCR testing in nasal secretions from horses with respiratory signs. Vet Rec 2021; 188 (10): e26.
Das equine Rhinitis-B-Virus (ERBV) hat eine hohe Inzidenz, ist in seiner Bedeutung jedoch nur wenig erforscht. Eine Infektion mit dem ERBV äußert sich in Symptomen wie Fieber, Anorexie, Lethargie, Nasenausfluss, Husten, Lymphadenopathie und Ödemen der distalen Gliedmaßen. Außerdem treten häufig subklinische Infektionen auf. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Häufigkeit des Nachweises von ERBV im Nasensekret von Pferden mit und ohne respiratorische Symptome zu ermitteln.
Bactericidal Effect of a Novel Alkaline EDTA Root Canal Cleaning Solution
Authors: Sato Takenori , Fujimaki Ryuji , Suzuki Jiro , Hamada Nobushiro , Tani-Ishii Nobuyuki , Handa Keisuke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect and cytotoxicity of an ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA)-based root canal irrigant solution capable of efficiently removing both the organic matter and the smear layer. We prepared a strong alkaline EDTA (AE) solution with an acid buffer capacity similar to that of sodium hypochlorite.
Materials and Methods AE was used at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The bactericidal effect of AE on Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by determining the colony number and biofilm removal rate. Biofilms were visualized using a Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit. Viability of AE-treated cells were determined using a CCK-8 cell counting assay.
Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance followed by a Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were used for comparisons among groups.
Results Significant reduction in cell viability and biofilm formation were observed in case of 3% and 2% AE. AE exerted bactericidal effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Damage of normal human fibroblasts was not observed at any of the AE concentrations.
Conclusions Our results suggest that the AE solution could be used as an effective canal irrigant for the removal of bacterial biofilm.
Static Suspension of the Paralyzed Face Utilizing the Midfacial Corridor: Anatomic Evaluation and Surgical Technique
Authors: Klebuc Michael J. , Xue Amy S. , Niziol Paul A. , Doval Andres F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Fascia lata and tendon grafts are frequently utilized to support the paralyzed midface and to extend muscular reach in McLaughin style, orthodromic temporalis transfers. The grafts are frequently placed in a deep subcutaneous positioning that can lead to the development of a, bowstring deformity in the cheek. This paper describes insertion of tendon grafts into the midfacial corridor collectively formed by the buccal, submasseteric and superficial temporal spaces.
Methods Over a seven-year period, all patients that underwent insertion of facia lata and tendon grafts in the midfacial corridor were included. Demographic information, perioperative variables and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results A total of 22 patients were included with a mean age of 64.3 years (33–86). There were multiple etiologies for the facial weakness including acoustic neuroma (9.1%), Bell's palsy (13.6%), facial nerve schwannoma (9.1%), temporal bone fracture (4.6%) and malignancy (22.7%). Midfacial corridor grafts were utilized in combination with nerve transfers (V-VII and XII-VII) in nine patients, McLaughin style temporalis transfers in 12 and as a standalone procedure in one individual. During the study period, no patients exhibited a tethering, or concave deformity in the midface. Additionally, no impingement, difficulties with mastication, parotitis or hematoma were encountered. One patient developed a postoperative infection, that was successfully managed.
Conclusion Placement of tendon or fascia grafts for static support or tunneling of an orthodromic temporalis transfer through the midfacial corridor can be performed rapidly while providing midfacial support and avoiding the creation of visible cutaneous deformities.
Geometrical Model of Free Skin Graft for the Optimization of Glans Reconstruction after Partial Penectomy
Authors: Fernandez Nicolas , Medina Monica , Wessells Hunter , Perez Jaime 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction and Objective The management of penile carcinoma is very disabling and mutilating, bur early treatment can be curative. Our group systematically performs oncological management with immediate penile reconstruction and preservation of the organ (partial penectomy, resurfacing, or glansectomy) when feasible. Due to the low incidence of penile carcinoma, it is difficult to achieve experience in penile reconstruction using free grafts in a standardized and reproducible way. Therefore, we herein present the results of the use of an inanimate model to identify the most efficient geometric way to procure and apply a free skin graft to reconstruct the penis.
Methods A preclinical inanimate model of the penis was developed to simulate the surgical reconstruction using a free skin graft. Six different geometric skin-graft models were created and tested. For each of them, we measured graft's surface area as well as the discarded surface after placing the graft on the penis for reconstruction. We also measured the amount of suture lines required for reconstruction. All of these measurements in the six different models were compared.
Results Based on the six models, we identified that the longitude of the graft must measure the same as the maximum perimeter of the glans in order to have a square that enables the complete coverage of the penile defect. The total graft area for the first 4 models was of 40 cm2; for models 5 and 6, it was of 60 cm2. The average discarded area of the graft was of 18.135 cm2 (range: 12 cm2 to 30 cm2). Models 4 years 6 were the ones with the least discarded tissue: 12 cm2. The average amount of suture lines to secure the different model grafts was 7.3 (range: 5 to 12). The models that required the least amount of suture lines were number 1 and 4, with a total of 5 suture lines.
Conclusions The double trapezoid is the most efficient model to reconstruct the glans after organ-sparing oncological management. Our results contribute to establish a more standardized and predictable technique to reconstruct the penis.
Imaging Spectrum of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ and Correlation with Pathology Findings
Authors: Hande Pradipta C , Arneja Sarabjeet Kaur , Desai Sabita S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a noninvasive neoplasm that is known to have an increased relative risk for developing subsequent invasive breast carcinoma. Pure LCIS is usually an incidental finding on histopathological examination (HPE) of tissue samples. However, in the recent years, there has been an increasing trend seen in the diagnosis of LCIS.
Purpose This article aims to bring out the spectrum of appearances on breast imaging in confirmed cases of pure LCIS on HPE and immunohistochemical.
Materials and Methods Cases that were confirmed as pure LCIS on HPE from core or excision biopsy were retrospectively analyzed for abnormalities on breast imaging. Digital breast tomosynthesis mammography was performed with high-resolution ultrasound with elastography for all cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in cases wherever indicated, with dynamic postcontrast imaging after injecting intravenous gadolinium.
Conclusion LCIS is recognized as an intermediate risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Pure LCIS has varied histology and imaging patterns on mammography, high-resolution ultrasound, and MRI. It is important to recognize the imaging appearances of these lesions to enable the radiologist to detect LCIS early for proper management.
The Novel Use of Flexible Endoscopic Techniques in the Management of Pharyngocutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Patel Shivam , DeLong Colin G. , Sanchez Luis De Jesus , Goyal Neerav , Pauli Eric M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a complication of laryngectomies in 14 to 23% of patients. The rate of spontaneous resolution of small and low-output fistulas has been shown to be 65 to 94% in those who are radiation-naive, with a reduced rate of resolution in patients who were previously radiated as low as 33%. Two patients are presented who underwent total laryngopharyngectomy and anterolateral thigh free flap reconstruction at our institution eventually complicated with PCF. All the pertinent patient data were retrieved through chart review from the records of our institution. The cases presented had a prior history of radiation or chemoradiation complicating the spontaneous resolution of the PCF. Both patients had successful resolution of PCF with the flexible endoscopic techniques presented. This case series highlights the management of small PCFs using flexible endoscopic techniques including over-the-scope clips and Vicryl mesh plugs.
Out-grouping and ambient affiliation in Donald Trump’s tweets about Iran
Authors: Makki Mohammad , Zappavigna Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores communing affiliation and out-grouping in a corpus of Trump’s tweets about Iran. Communing is a form of ‘ambient affiliation’ (Zappavigna 2011) which offers a way of understanding how Trump attempts to build alignments with his audience without necessarily directly engaging with them, since he tends to ignore replies to his tweets. The paper focuses on three affiliation strategies:convoking(mustering community),promoting(garnering attention), andfinessing(dialogistic positioning). It draws onMartin and White’s (2005)Appraisal framework to consider how these affiliation strategies are used to foster communing around ideation-attitude couplings, typically couplings associating Iran with negativejudgementorappreciation. Promotingaffiliation was found to be the most prominent affiliation strategy used by Trump to garner attention through his rhetorical tendency toward hyperbole.
Slavery and Britain in the 19th century
Authors: McEnery Tony , Baker Helen , Brezina Vaclav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study uses a corpus of just under two billion words from one historic British newspaper, the Liverpool
Mercury, to explore shifting attitudes to slavery in Britain in the nineteenth century in the context of a port
city that benefitted from the trade. In doing so, we explore three methodological issues – how to explore concepts in
large corpora, how to do this over time and how to deal with poor quality data. Our approach to the study of concepts through
time uses a new approach to looking at word usage change over time, Usage Fluctuation Analysis (McEnery, Brezina & Baker 2019). Our exploration of the issue of poor quality data is motivated
by the variable quality of the OCR texts which constitute our nineteenth-century newspaper corpus data. Problems in data
quality bedevil work on large-scale text collections of historic material. In this paper we will show that collocation, the
core technique of UFA, can be used on such data if appropriate settings are chosen that minimise the problems arising from
poor quality electronic text, permitting the exploration of corpus data at scale.
Then and now in English and French
Authors: Lewis Diana M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
English now and then and French maintenant and alors all
exemplify the cross-linguistic tendency for temporal adverbs to grammaticalize into markers of rhetorical relations. This
paper analyses the polysemy of these adverbs in a comparable corpus of written-to-be-spoken speeches and unscripted spoken
interviews. For now and maintenant, while the discourse patterns and the direction of change
are remarkably similar, French and English seem to be at different points in the grammaticalization cycle, with
maintenant being less grammaticalized than now. In the case of alors
and then, it is the French lexeme that appears to be more bleached, occurring in a wider range of rhetorical
contexts and in different discourse patterns from English then.
Time adverbials in English and Norwegian news discourse
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines time adverbials in English and Norwegian as evidenced in two corpora of news articles. The adverbials are
identified through a manual, bottom-up procedure, and their syntactic realizations, semantic types and positions are analysed.
The comparison includes the lexical realizations of time adverbials in both languages, partly through the lens of lexical
priming. Similarities between the languages include the distribution of syntactic and semantic types of time adverbials.
Cross-linguistic differences in adverbial placement are evident in clause-medial position, where English is more restrictive
than Norwegian. The lexical comparison shows that the languages may differ in how similar meanings are realized. Furthermore,
the lexical priming of some frequent lexical items reveals lexeme-specific and possibly register-specific patterns.
An ultrasonic shear wave viscometer for low viscosity Newtonian liquids
Authors: Mastromarino S , Rook R , De Haas D , Verschuur E D J , Rohde M , Kloosterman J L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A method based on ultrasonic wave propagation is applied for the determination of the viscosity of low viscous liquids. A waveguide is used to remotely transmit the ultrasonic waves from a shear piezoelectric transducer into the liquid. At the solid–liquid interface, a guided wave mode, the shear mode, is used to extract the liquid viscosity. The energy of the reflected ultrasonic wave depends upon its operating frequency, the physical properties of the liquid (viscosity and density), and the waveguide (density and shear modulus). The results show that the attenuation of the waves, and thus the viscosity of the liquid, can be retrieved using this method. Measurements on water, ethanol, and mixtures of water/glycerol illustrate that the method can monitor changes in attenuation due to the viscosity of the liquid. The range of viscosities measured was between 0.8 and 60 mPa s. Compared to literature values, the relative error for these measurements was lower than 12% while the uncertainty in the measurements was lower than 5%. Besides its ability to measure low viscosities, this method offers advantages such as the capability to perform in-situ measurements of liquids in harsh environments, the omission of mechanical parts, and the possibility to handle small volumes of liquid. These features make this method suitable for low viscous liquids that are radioactive, corrosive and at high temperature.
Symmetries and criticality of generalised van der Waals models
Authors: Giglio Francesco , Landolfi Giulio , Martina Luigi , Moro Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider a family of thermodynamic models such that the energy density can be expressed as an asymptotic expansion in the scale formal parameter and whose terms are suitable functions of the volume density. We examine the possibility to construct solutions for the Maxwell thermodynamic relations relying on their symmetry properties and deduce the critical properties implied in terms of the dynamics of coexistence curves in the space of thermodynamic variables.