bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substitution of Soybean Meal by Shrimp Head Meal (Penaeus Monodon) in Poultry Ration for the Performance of Growing Pullets
Authors: Islam SS , Paul C , Islam Md B 
Published: March 2021

To minimize the production cost of poultry and poultry products, it is important to formulate low cost balanced ration utilizing unconventional feed resources. Therefore, the experiment was carried out to measure the effect of substituting soybean meal (SBM) by different levels of shrimp head meal (SHM) to the ration of growing layer pullets. A control corn-soybean layer grower (pullet) diet and four different levels of SHM included diets as substitution of SBMwere fed to five groups of Hisex White pullets from 5th to 18th weeks of age. All groups of pullets fed isocaloric feeds (2765 Kcal kg-1). The control group T0 (0 % SHM+20 % SBM) received grower ration formulated with traditional feed ingredients with no substitution of SBM. The SBM contents of other treatment groups were substituted at the rate of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % by the SHM and were adjusted as 5 % SHM+15 % SBM (T1), 10 % SHM+10 % SBM (T2), 15 % SHM+5 % SBM (T3) and 20 % SHM+0 % SBM (T4) keeping other ingredients constant as of control. Cumulative feed intake increased with the increasing level of SHM of diets. Feed cost and mortality rate decreased with the increasing level of SHM in the ration. Significantly lowest FCR at most of the age categories, highest cumulative body weight (p<0.05) at 18 weeks and highest weight at maturity (p<0.05) were found in treatment group fed 5 % SHM. Therefore, it can be concluded that substitution of 25 % SBM of the ration by SHM is suitable for the better performance of growing layer pullets.
SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 125-137 (2020)
Boosting Rice Production Through Narrowing of Exploitable Yield Gap
Authors: Hossain MB 
Published: March 2021

The yield gap discussed in this paper is the difference between the potential farm yield and the actual average farm yield of rice is 1.92 t ha-1 in Bangladesh. The yield gap is mainly caused by physical, biophysical, socioeconomic and institutional factors. Different strategies, such as integrated crop management (improve adapted varieties, site specific nutrient management, locally adapted integrated weed management and optimized water management) practices, timely supply of inputs including credit to farmers, research and extension collaboration to transfer the new technologies have been discussed to minimize yield gap. Suggestions have been made to make credit available to resourcepoor small farmers to buy necessary inputs, reducing transaction cost, simplifying lending procedures and strengthening monitoring mechanism of the current credit system are, however, essential to enable the farmers to avail the credit facility. Efforts should be made to update farmers’ knowledge on the causes of yield gaps in crops and measures to narrow the gaps through training, demonstrations, field visits and monitoring by extension agencies to achieve high yield. Based on present yield gap of rice (1.92 t ha-1) at least Tk. 556 billion could be earned from the additional production annually by narrowing 40 % the yield gap.
SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 167-180 (2020)
Profitability and Resource Use Efficiency of Mustard Cultivation
Authors: Sampa AY , Sarker F , Rahman MR , Begum R 
Published: March 2021

Climatic condition is conducive to cultivate mustard in Bangladesh and there are ample opportunity to improve the present scenario of production, since the demand of oilseeds is high. But economic analysis of production of this crop remains unnoticed most of the time. For assessment of the profitability and resource use efficiency, a field level study was conducted with 100 mustard growers, who were selected purposively and interviewed with pre tested questionnaire from Manikganj district during the period May to August 2019. Applying the Cobb-Douglas production model the results suggested that farmers earned 18577.91 Tk ha-1 by producing 1683.75 kg ha-1 Mustard with the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 1.28. Land preparation cost, seed, human labour, irrigation and fertilizer had a significant positive effect on the yield of Mustard while insecticides had negative insignificant effect. Farmers were inefficient in case of resource use. Mustard cultivation is profitable in Bangladesh and has the potentiality to minimize import cost of oilseeds. Mustard production can be increased further by ensuring adequate supply of labor at peak period with reasonable wage rate, incentive price of produce for farmers, sufficient drainage system after flood, collateral free and easy access to credit, crop insurance to mustard growers.
SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 195-206 (2020)
Effects of Different Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Vigor of Pot Marigold (Calendula Officinalis. L)
Authors: Singh R , Tariyal YS , Chauhan JS 
Published: March 2021

Flowers are valued to mankind from the dawn of civilization. Flowers are used for various purposes in our day to day life like worshipping, religious and social functions, wedding, interior decoration, natural colours, dyes, scents and self adornment. Calendula officinalis is used as sudorific, blood refiner, blood sugar reducer and also use as anti-inflammatory skin. Seed testing is an essential step for evaluation of planting value of seeds, to minimize the risk of failure in planting low quality seeds. The importance of seed testing in agricultural crops has long been realized. Seed testing is also necessary to determine the need for drying and processing, to determine the quality standards under seed certification and seed law enforcement program, to identify seed quality problems and their probable causes and to provide basis for price fixation and consumer discrimination of seed lots etc.the 200ppm concentration of GA3 shows the significant and positive effect on the various germination and seedling parameters under study shows that GA3 is the best priming substance for the healthy and better germination in pot marigold.
SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 227-231 (2020)
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kapasitas Memori Kerja Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Islam Terpadu Iqra’ Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2018
Authors: Tabligha Nina , Sudjatmoko Andri , Triana Dessy 
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Tidur merupakan kebutuhan fisiologis dasar bagi setiap individu yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas serta keseimbangan hidup. Tidur memiliki fungsi salah satunya yaitu berpengaruh ke sistem saraf sehingga bisa berdampak terhadap memori dan kemampuan belajar. Tuntutan sekolah, kegiatan sosial setelah sekolah dan gaya hidup dapat menyita waktu tidur. Di Sumatera Utara, dari 287 pelajar dilaporkan 220 pelajar yang mengalami kualitas tidur yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kualitas tidur dengan kapasitas memori kerja pada siswa SMA.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAIT Iqra’ Kota Bengkulu pada bulan Agustus 2018. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menilai kualitas tidur yaitu kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sedangkan pengukuran kapasitas memori kerja menggunakan reading span test. Korelasi antara kedua variabel tersebut akan dianalisis mengggunakan uji Spearman.Hasil: Total sampel penelitian yang dianalisis adalah 53 siswa, 18 siswa (34%) memiliki kualitas tidur yang baik dan 35 siswa (66%) memiliki kualitas tidur buruk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang bermakna antara kualitas tidur dengan kapasitas memori kerja dengan nilai p = 0,042, r = 0,281.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kualitas tidur dengan kapasitas memori kerja pada siswa SMAIT Iqra’ Kota Bengkulu.KataKunci: kualitas tidur, kapasitas memori kerja, siswa sekolah menengah atas.
INSIDENSI DAN ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI CACING TAMBANG PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI GROBOGAN, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Halleyantoro Ryan , Riansari Anugrah , Dewi Dian Puspita 
Published: March 2021

Penyakit kecacingan merupakan penyakit akibat infeksi cacing yang cenderung tidak mematikan namun menimbulkan berbagai masalah seperti menurunnya kondisi kesehatan, gizi, kecerdasan dan produktivitas. Sebagian besar kecacingan pada siswa disebabkan oleh cacing Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) salah satunya cacing tambang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi cacing tambang serta faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian infeksi cacing tambang pada anak usia sekolah dasar di daerah Grobogan, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian observasi dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan sampel feses dari siswa di dua SD di Grobogan, Jawa Tengah sebanyak 73 sampel feses. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis dilakukan untuk mengetahui sampel feses yang positif mengandung telur cacing tambang. Hasil menunjukkan sebanyak 10 siswa (13,7%) positif terinfeksi cacing tambang. Data mengenai faktor resiko cacing tambang didapatkan melalui kuesioner sederhana megenai PHBS. Kebersihan sekolah, pekerjaan berisiko dari orang tua siswa serta kebersihan kuku siswa SD merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi angka infeksi cacing tambang pada siswa SD di Kabupaten Grobogan Jawa Tengah.Pihak sekolah perlu meningkatkan program sanitasi di lingkungan sekolah, menggalakkan perilaku hidup sehat serta penyuluhan kesehatan kepada siswa dan keluarganya.
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN DAYA MESIN KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE GULDHAMER-HARVALD
Authors: Pramono Sri , Pangidoanta Ahmad Torkis 
Published: March 2021

<p>Dalam sistem penggerak kapal dengan Metode Guldhammer – Harvald adalah suatu metode untuk menentukan besarnya daya mesin yang sesuai dengan propeller pada kapal. Tahapan metode Harvald dimulai dari menentukan : Effective Horse Power (EHP), Delivered Horse Power (DHP), Shaft Horse Power (SHP), Brake Horse Power (BHP). Dari hasil pencarian tersebut didapat daya sebesar 5.820,071 HP, sehingga daya mesin tersebut sesuai yang beredar di parasan merk CAT 280-16. Dengan menentukan daya yang sesuai kebutuhan kapal, maka kapal dapat bergerak dengan kecepatan yang di inginkan.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci :</strong> Daya Mesin, Metode Guldhammer – Harvald</p>
Low-Dose Decitabine Augments the Activation and Anti-Tumor Immune Response of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T Cells Through Enhancing IκBα Degradation and NF-κB Activation
Authors: Li Xiang , Dong Liang , Liu Jiejie , Wang Chunmeng , Zhang Yan , Mei Qian , Han Weidong , Xie Ping , Nie Jing 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCD4+ T cells play multiple roles in controlling tumor growth and increasing IFN-γ+ T-helper 1 cell population could promote cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. We have previously showed that low-dose DNA demethylating agent decitabine therapy promotes CD3+ T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity; however, direct regulation of purified CD4+ T cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsThe effects of low-dose decitabine on sorted CD4+ T cells were detected both in vitro and in vivo. The activation, proliferation, intracellular cytokine production and cytolysis activity of CD4+ T cells were analyzed by FACS and DELFIA time-resolved fluorescence assays. In vivo ubiquitination assay was performed to assess protein degradation. Moreover, phosphor-p65 and IκBα levels were detected in sorted CD4+ T cells from solid tumor patients with decitabine-based therapy.ResultsLow-dose decitabine treatment promoted the proliferation and activation of sorted CD4+ T cells, with increased frequency of IFN-γ+ Th1 subset and enhanced cytolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, suppressed decitabine-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. In terms of mechanism, low-dose decitabine augmented the expression of E3 ligase β-TrCP, promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of IκBα and resulted in NF-κB activation. Notably, we observed that in vitro low-dose decitabine treatment induced NF-κB activation in CD4+ T cells from patients with a response to decitabine-primed chemotherapy rather than those without a response.ConclusionThese data suggest that low-dose decitabine potentiates CD4+ T cell anti-tumor immunity through enhancing IκBα degradation and therefore NF-κB activation and IFN-γ production.
Template-Free Synthesis of One-Dimensional g-C3N4 Chain Nanostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Mingyi , Sun Ye , Chang Xin , Zhang Peng 
Published: March 2021

The development of graphite-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst is of great significance for various visible utilization applications. Control the nanostructures of g-C3N4 can tailor its photocatalytic performance. In this paper, one-dimensional chain-like g-C3N4 was successfully synthesized by heat-induced polymerization of melamine which was saturated in ethylene glycol. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (HER) of the prepared g-C3N4 chain enhanced about 3 times than that of bulk g-C3N4, increasing from 9.6 μmolh−1 to 28.7 μmolh−1. The improved photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4 chain was attributed to the advantages of porosity and nanostructure. The extraordinary nanopores result in an enlarged specific surface area for adsorption and the production of abundantly available channels for charge transfer. The one-dimensional chain-like structure can facilitate the exposure of internal/external active sites as many as possible, and induce the directional migration of charge carriers.
Deceiving Phenotypic Susceptibility Results on a Klebsiella pneumoniae Blood Isolate Carrying Plasmid-Mediated AmpC Gene blaDHA-1
Authors: Realegeno Susan , Ward Kevin , Garner Omai B. , Yang Shangxin 
Published: March 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) frequently causes hospital-acquired infections and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CRKP can have multiple resistance mechanisms and only a few can be routinely detected by commercial molecular or phenotypic assays making surveillance for CRKP particularly challenging. In this report, we identified and characterized an unusual non–carbapenemase-producing CRKP carrying a rare plasmid-borne inducible AmpC gene, blaDHA-1. The isolate was recovered from blood culture of a 67-year-old female presenting with sepsis post bladder surgery and ureteral stent removal. The primary isolate displayed an indeterminate susceptibility pattern for ceftriaxone by broth microdilution, but was susceptible by disk diffusion with one colony growing within the zone of inhibition. The ceftriaxone resistant colony was sub-cultured and had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 ug/ml for imipenem (intermediate) and a zone size of 18 mm for ertapenem (resistant), but remained susceptible to cefepime and meropenem. Further phenotypic characterization of this sub-cultured isolate showed carbapenemase activity. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed the presence of two subpopulations of a K. pneumoniae (MLST sequence type 11) from the primary blood culture isolate: one pan-susceptible to beta-lactams tested and the other resistant to the 3rd generation cephalosporins and ertapenem. WGS analysis identified the resistant K. pneumoniae harboring IncFIB(K) and IncR plasmids and the presence of plasmid-borne beta-lactam resistance genes blaOXA-1 and blaDHA-1, an inducible AmpC gene. Additional resistance genes against quinolones (aac(6′)-Ib-cr, oqxA, oqB), aminoglycoside (aph(3′)-Ia), sulfonamide (sul1), and tetracycline (tet(A)) were also identified. DHA-1 positive K. pneumoniae have been previously identified outside the US, particularly in Asia and Europe, but limited cases have been reported in the United States and may be underrecognized. Our study highlights the importance of using both extended phenotypic testing and WGS to identify emerging resistance mechanisms in clinical Enterobacterales isolates with unusual antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Routine Oxygen Therapy Does Not Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction—Insights From the Randomized DETO2X-AMI Trial
Authors: Hofmann Robin , Befekadu Abebe Tamrat , Herlitz Johan , James Stefan K. , Erlinge David , Yndigegn Troels , Alfredsson Joakim , Kellerth Thomas , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Völz Sebastian , Lauermann Jörg , Jernberg Tomas , Lindahl Bertil , Langenskiöld Sophie 
Published: March 2021

Background: After decades of ubiquitous oxygen therapy in all patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), recent guidelines are more restrictive based on lack of efficacy in contemporary trials evaluating hard clinical outcomes in patients without hypoxemia at baseline. However, no evidence regarding treatment effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exists. In this study, we investigated the impact of routine oxygen supplementation on HRQoL 6–8 weeks after hospitalization with acute MI. Secondary objectives included analyses of MI subtypes, further adjustment for infarct size, and oxygen saturation at baseline and 1-year follow-up.Methods: In the DETermination of the role of Oxygen in suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (DETO2X-AMI) trial, 6,629 normoxemic patients with suspected MI were randomized to oxygen at 6 L/min for 6–12 h or ambient air. In this prespecified analysis, patients younger than 75 years of age with confirmed MI who had available HRQoL data by European Quality of Life Five Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) in the national registry were included. Primary endpoint was the EQ-5D index assessed by multivariate linear regression at 6–10 weeks after MI occurrence.Results: A total of 3,086 patients (median age 64, 22% female) were eligible, 1,518 allocated to oxygen and 1,568 to ambient air. We found no statistically significant effect of oxygen therapy on EQ-5D index (−0.01; 95% CI: −0.03–0.01; p = 0.23) or EQ-VAS score (−0.57; 95% CI: −1.88–0.75; p = 0.40) compared to ambient air after 6–10 weeks. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in EQ-5D dimensions. Results remained consistent across MI subtypes and at 1-year follow-up, including further adjustment for infarct size or oxygen saturation at baseline.Conclusions: Routine oxygen therapy provided to normoxemic patients with acute MI did not improve HRQoL up to 1 year after MI occurrence.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01787110.
Ge/Si and Ge Isotope Fractionation During Glacial and Non-glacial Weathering: Field and Experimental Data From West Greenland
Authors: Baronas J. Jotautas , Hammond Douglas E. , Bennett Mia M. , Rouxel Olivier , Pitcher Lincoln H. , Smith Laurence C. 
Published: March 2021

Glacial environments offer the opportunity to study the incipient stages of chemical weathering due to the high availability of finely ground sediments, low water temperatures, and typically short rock-water interaction times. In this study we focused on the geochemical behavior of germanium (Ge) in west Greenland, both during subglacial weathering by investigating glacier-fed streams, as well as during a batch reactor experiment by allowing water-sediment interaction for up to 2 years in the laboratory. Sampled in late August 2014, glacial stream Ge and Si concentrations were low, ranging between 12–55 pmol/L and 7–33 µmol/L, respectively (Ge/Si = 0.9–2.2 µmol/mol, similar to parent rock). As reported previously, the dissolved stable Ge isotope ratio (δ74Ge) of the Watson River was 0.86 ± 0.24‰, the lowest among global rivers and streams measured to date. This value was only slightly heavier than the suspended load (0.48 ± 0.23‰), which is likely representative of the bulk parent rock composition. Despite limited Ge/Si and δ74GeGe fractionation, both Ge and Si appear depleted relative to Na during subglacial weathering, which we interpret as the relatively congruent uptake of both phases by amorphous silica (aSi). Continued sediment-water interaction over 470–785 days in the lab produced a large increase in dissolved Si concentrations (up to 130–230 µmol/L), a much smaller increase in dissolved Ge (up to ∼70 pmol/L), resulting in a Ge/Si decrease (to 0.4–0.5 µmol/mol) and a significant increase in δ74Ge (to 1.9–2.2‰). We argue that during the experiment, both Si and Ge are released by the dissolution of previously subglacially formed aSi, and Ge is then incorporated into secondary phases (likely adsorbed to Fe oxyhydroxides), with an associated Δ74Gesecondary−dissolved fractionation factor of −2.15 ± 0.46‰. In summary, we directly demonstrate Ge isotope fractionation during the dissolution-precipitation weathering reactions of natural sediments in the absence of biological Ge and Si uptake, and highlight the significant differences in Ge behavior during subglacial and non-glacial weathering.
A Possible Roll-Over Slab Geometry Under the Caroline Plate Imaged by Monte Carlo Finite-Frequency Traveltime Inversion of Teleseismic SS Phases
Authors: Fuji Nobuaki , Jang Hyoihn , Nakao Atsushi , Kim YoungHee , Fernández-Blanco David , Lee Sang-Mook , Schroeder Alexia , Konishi Kensuke 
Published: March 2021

The shape of a subducting slab varies as a function of trench motion. Two end-members of subduction modes are geodynamically possible: roll-back mode underneath neighboring plates and roll-over mode underneath the plate itself. Whereas most of major slabs seem to roll back while the Pacific plate shows a slab piling behavior down to ∼1,000 km depth under the Mariana trench, no clear evidence of slab roll-over in nature has been reported so far. Here we show a possible roll-over slab beneath the Caroline microplate, revealed from its three-dimensional seismic velocity structure derived by analyzing teleseismic reverberating SS phases. We suggest that slab roll-over is driven by at least two factors: 1) the overall buoyancy and fragility of the Caroline microplate at the surface, induced by a thin hot mantle plume that rises from depths ≥800 km; and 2) the pushing force of the Pacific plate acting on the trailing edge of the Caroline plate.