bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions: The role of women’s socio-demographic, sexual behavior and body mass index in Amhara region referral hospitals; case-control study
Authors: Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Mihret Muhabaw Shumye , Muche Haymanot Alem 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health challenges in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. There was a scarce of evidence regarding the effect of woman’s socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index on the development of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions among women visiting referral hospitals for cervical cancer screening in Amhara national regional state.

Methods
A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 22 December 2019 to 8 April 2020 among 200 women including 67 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) positive women (i.e., cases) and 133 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) negative women (i.e., controls). The study was conducted at randomly selected referral hospitals in Amhara national regional state. Data were collected mainly through face to face interview and chart review using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were then entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p-value of < 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis. Level of significance was claimed based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of ≤ 0.05.

Results
This study illustrates that the odds of being positive for precancerous cervical lesion (PCL) were higher among women who had body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26, 8.76), early coitarche (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 11.49, history of using oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.4), lifetime sexual transmitted infections (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.28) and multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.29). On the other hand, participants’ BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75) and level of education of college and above (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.77) were identified to be protective factors of PCL.

Conclusion
Most of the determinants of precancerous cervical lesions were modifiable and mainly related to women’s socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and body mass index. Therefore, strengthening awareness on safe sexual practices and healthy life styles through information, education and communication (IEC), and behavioral change communication (BCC) would decrease the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions.
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands: A competing risk survival analysis
Authors: Nijman Gerine , Wientjes Maike , Ramjith Jordache , Janssen Nico , Hoogerwerf Jacobien , Abbink Evertine , Blaauw Marc , Dofferhoff Ton , van Apeldoorn Marjan , Veerman Karin , de Mast Quirijn , ten Oever Jaap , Hoefsloot Wouter , Reijers Monique H. , van Crevel Reinout , van de Maat Josephine S. 
Published: March 2021

Background
To date, survival data on risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in western Europe is limited, and none of the published survival studies have used a competing risk approach. This study aims to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in the Netherlands, considering recovery as a competing risk.

Methods
In this observational multicenter cohort study we included adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that were admitted to one of five hospitals in the Netherlands (March to May 2020). We performed a competing risk survival analysis, presenting cause-specific hazard ratios (HRCS) for the effect of preselected factors on the absolute risk of death and recovery.

Results
1,006 patients were included (63.9% male; median age 69 years, IQR: 58–77). Patients were hospitalized for a median duration of 6 days (IQR: 3–13); 243 (24.6%) of them died, 689 (69.9%) recovered, and 74 (7.4%) were censored. Patients with higher age (HRCS 1.10, 95% CI 1.08–1.12), immunocompromised state (HRCS 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.98), who used anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication (HRCS 1.38, 95% CI 1.01–1.88), with higher modified early warning score (MEWS) (HRCS 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18), and higher blood LDH at time of admission (HRCS 6.68, 95% CI 1.95–22.8) had increased risk of death, whereas fever (HRCS 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.95) decreased risk of death. We found no increased mortality risk in male patients, high BMI or diabetes.

Conclusion
Our competing risk survival analysis confirms specific risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in a the Netherlands, which can be used for prediction research, more intense in-hospital monitoring or prioritizing particular patients for new treatments or vaccination.
Physiological skin FDG uptake: A quantitative and regional distribution assessment using PET/MRI
Authors: Nogami Munenobu , Zeng Feibi , Inukai Junko , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Nishio Mizuho , Kanda Tomonori , Ueno Yoshiko R. , Sofue Keitaro , Kono Atsushi K. , Hori Masatoshi , Ohnishi Akihito , Kubo Kazuhiro , Kurimoto Takako , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
To retrospectively assess the repeatability of physiological F-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the skin on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and explore its regional distribution and relationship with sex and age.

Methods
Out of 562 examinations with normal FDG distribution on whole-body PET/MRI, 74 repeated examinations were evaluated to assess the repeatability and regional distribution of physiological skin uptake. Furthermore, 224 examinations were evaluated to compare differences in the uptake due to sex and age. Skin segmentation on PET was performed as body-surface contouring on an MR-based attenuation correction map using an off-line reconstruction software. Bland–Altman plots were created for the repeatability assessment. Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with regional distribution, age, and sex.

Results
The limits of agreement for the difference in SUVmean and SUVmax of the skin were less than 30%. The highest SUVmax was observed in the face (3.09±1.04), followed by the scalp (2.07±0.53). The SUVmax in the face of boys aged 0–9 years and 10–20 years (1.33±0.64 and 2.05±1.00, respectively) and girls aged 0–9 years (0.98±0.38) was significantly lower than that of men aged ≥20 years and girls aged ≥10 years (p<0.001). In women, the SUVmax of the face (2.31±0.71) of ≥70-year-olds was significantly lower than that of 30–39-year-olds (3.83±0.82) (p<0.05).

Conclusion
PET/MRI enabled the quantitative analysis of skin FDG uptake with repeatability. The degree of physiological FDG uptake in the skin was the highest in the face and varied between sexes. Although attention to differences in body habitus between age groups is needed, skin FDG uptake also depended on age.
Prevalence of pfk13 and pfmdr1 polymorphisms in Bounkiling, Southern Senegal
Authors: Ahouidi Ambroise , Oliveira Rafael , Lobo Lis , Diedhiou Cyrille , Mboup Souleymane , Nogueira Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Background
Delayed Plasmodium falciparum parasite clearance has been associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the kelch protein propeller domain (coded by pfk13 gene). SNPs in the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) are associated with multi-drug resistance including the combination artemether-lumefantrine. To our knowledge, this is the first work providing information on the prevalence of k13-propeller and pfmdr1 mutations from Sédhiou, a region in the south of Senegal.

Methods
147 dried blood spots on filter papers were collected from symptomatic patients attending a hospital located in Bounkiling City, Sédhiou Region, Southern Senegal. All samples were collected between 2015–2017 during the malaria transmission season. Specific regions of the gene pfk13 and pfmdr1 were analyzed using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing.

Results
The majority of parasites (92.9%) harboured the pfk13 wild type sequence and 6 samples harboured synonymous changes. Regarding pfmdr1, wild-type alleles represented the majority except at codon 184. Overall, prevalence of 86Y was 11.9%, 184F was 56.3% and 1246Y was 1.5%. The mutant allele 184F decreased from 73.7% in 2015 to 40.7% in 2017. The prevalence of haplotype NFD decreased from 71.4% in 2015 to 20.8% in 2017.

Conclusions
This study provides the first description of pfk13 and pfmdr1 genes variations in Bounkiling, a city in the Sédhiou Region of Senegal, contributing to closing the gap of information on anti-malaria drug resistance molecular markers in southern Senegal.
Trends in Corticosteroid Use During the Era of Biologic Therapy: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Targownik Laura E. , Bernstein Charles N. , Benchimol Eric I. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Singh Harminder , Tennakoon Aruni , Nugent Zoann , Coward Stephanie B. , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Murthy Sanjay K. 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Corticosteroids are effective for inducing clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but not for maintaining remission. Reducing corticosteroid use and dependence is an important treatment goal since their use is associated with adverse events. The extent to which the improvements in IBD therapy have led to less corticosteroid use in the modern era remains unclear.

METHODS:
We used the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiologic Database to assess the cumulative annual dosing of corticosteroids on a per-patient basis for all persons with IBD in the province of Manitoba between 1997 and 2017. Joinpoint analysis was used to assess for trends in corticosteroid use and to look at variation in the trends over time.

RESULTS:
The mean annual exposure to corticosteroids decreased from 419 mg/yr (1997) to 169 mg/yr (2017) for Crohn's disease (CD) (annual decline: 3.8% per year, 95% confidence interval 3.1–4.6) and from 380 to 240 mg/yr in ulcerative colitis (UC) (annual decline: 2.5% per year, 95% confidence interval 2.1–2.8). In CD, there was an acceleration in the rate of decline after 2007 (pre-2007, 1.9% decline per year; after 2007, 5.7% per year); there was no corresponding acceleration in the rate of decline in UC.

DISCUSSION:
Corticosteroid use has decreased in both CD and UC over the past 2 decades, becoming more pronounced after 2007 in CD. Potential explanations include introduction and increasing penetrance of biologic therapy in CD and greater awareness of corticosteroid-related adverse events in IBD. Further work is required understand the drivers of persistent corticosteroid use in IBD and how this can be further reduced.
Red Meat Consumption and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Population With Low Meat Consumption: The Golestan Cohort Study
Authors: Hashemian Maryam , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein , Jafari Elham , Radmard Amir-Reza , Kamangar Farin , Freedman Neal , Hekmatdoost Azita , Sheikh Mahdi , Boffetta Paolo , Sinha Rashmi , Dawsey Sanford M. , Abnet Christian C. , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the most common liver disease in the world, can range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. We evaluated the association between meat consumption and risk of NAFLD in the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS).

METHODS:
The GCS enrolled 50,045 participants, aged 40–75 years in Iran. Dietary information was collected using a 116-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2004–2008). A random sample of 1,612 cohort members participated in a liver-focused study in 2011. NAFLD was ascertained through ultrasound. Total red meat consumption and total white meat consumption were categorized into quartiles based on the GCS population, with the first quartile as the referent group. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
The median intake of total red meat was 17 and total white meat was 53 g/d. During follow-up, 505 individuals (37.7%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, and 124 of them (9.2%) had elevated alanine transaminase. High total red meat consumption (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.06–2.38, P trend = 0.03) and organ meat consumption (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.19–2.44, P trend = 0.003) were associated with NAFLD. Total white meat, chicken, or fish consumption did not show significant associations with NAFLD.

DISCUSSION:
In this population with low consumption of red meat, individuals in the highest group of red meat intake were at increased odds of NAFLD. Furthermore, this is the first study to show an association between organ meat consumption and NAFLD (see Visual Abstract, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B944).
Dissemination of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research on Social Media Platforms Is Associated With Increased Citation Count
Authors: Ayoub Fares , Ouni Ahmed , Case Robert , Ladna Michael , Shah Harsh , Rubin David T. 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this study was to find out whether dissemination of gastroenterology and hepatology (GI) research on social media networks correlates with citation count at 5 years.

METHODS:
We correlated the Altmetric Attention Score with Web of Science citation counts at 5 years for scholarly work published in the 10 highest impact factor GI journals in 2014.

RESULTS:
In 4,026 analyzed items, the correlation (r) between Altmetric Attention Score and citations at 5 years was 0.62 (P < 0.001), representing strong correlation. Twitter was the platform with the strongest correlation with citations.

DISCUSSION:
Social media attention garnered by GI scholarly work strongly correlates with the number of citations at 5 years.
A Riddle, Wrapped in a Mystery, Inside an Enigma: Another Key to Wheat Sensitivity?
Authors: Galipeau Heather J. , Verdu Elena F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity, or the more preferred term, nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), is a heterogenous condition that is diagnosed purely on the basis of symptoms and without an understanding of disease mechanisms and triggers. Biomarkers to identify patients and implementation of dietary treatment in a personalized manner are needed. Mansueto et al. identified a population of NCWS patients with associated autoimmune markers and immune activation. The presence of these markers could be used, in combination with other serological tests, to help develop better diagnostic strategies for NCWS.
Discrete-event simulation applied to a radiotherapy process: A case study of a cancer center
Authors: Moura Miranda Douglas Moura , Pedrini Moura Miranda Mariana Moura 
Published: March 2021

Goal: This research aims to investigate how to maximize the throughput and reduce the waiting time for oncological patients of a radiotherapy process.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A case study was conducted to develop a simulation model integrated with optimization techniques, including an expert system to support everyday decision making in the operation.
Results: The experiments demonstrated that the approach was able to identify better configurations of the process, improving productivity without deteriorating quality. Results also considered the future acquisition of a new linear accelerator allowing the operation to plan its ramp up accordingly. Another result is the devised tool to allow the operation to run its own simulation studies.
Limitations of the investigation: The results are valid for processes with similar characteristics of the one studied in the present paper, closing the scope at the treatment stage.
Practical implications: This work demonstrates the possibility of applying modern simulation techniques in radiotherapy, not only enabling improvements for the present situation but also integrating the model to the operation to support everyday decision making.
Originality / Value: The number of details captured by the model is significantly higher than others studies. The integration of the methodology to the treatment process makes possible for the operation to continue benefiting from the model in a long term.
Literature Review on Maturity Models for Digital Supply Chains
Authors: Hellweg Frauke , Lechtenberg Sandra , Hellingrath Bernd , Thomé Antonio Márcio Tavares 
Published: March 2021

Goal. Today, digital technologies have significant effects on supply chains as companies explore and exploit their opportunities. Digital supply chains promise advantages over traditional ones. A maturity model is a helpful tool to assess the current state of digitalization in supply chains and to guide companies towards implementation. The main goal of this paper is to investigate existing maturity models for digital supply chains and propose possibilities for future research.
Design/Methodology/Approach. A structured literature review is conducted to identify relevant maturity models. Those are analyzed regarding their type and emphasis on a specific supply chain function or certain digitalization dimension.
Results. Twenty-eight maturity models are identified. Each of them focuses on a particular supply chain function or a specific digital technology. A focus on manufacturing (Industry 4.0) and, consequently, a lack of research regarding other aspects of the supply chain digitalization becomes evident. Moreover, most papers lack coverage of all digitalization dimensions. Besides, more rigorous research regarding the quality of the maturity models, their evaluation, and application is needed.
Limitations of the investigation. The conducted review is limited to two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). Two researchers conducted the analysis, which might lead to some bias. Furthermore, the analysis could be broadened and performed more in-depth to derive further insights.
Practical implications. Practitioners might use the presented overview of existing maturity models to identify a well-developed one that fits their desired application scenario.
Originality/value. This paper provides suggestions for future research and highlights interesting and relevant topics to investigate.
Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region
Authors: Kurrata Gilang , Tutik Kuswinanti  , Andi Nasruddin  
Published: March 2021

Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method
Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates).
Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Rustiani Ummu Salamah , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Wiyono Suryo , Siala Darni Rambu D. 
Published: March 2021

Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara
Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.
Earth, Wind, and Fire: Aristotle on Violent Storm Events, with Reconsideration of the Terms ἐκνεφίας, τυφῶν, κεραυνός, and πρηστήρ
Authors: Graham Daniel W. , Herzog Zachary , Williams Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent studies of Aristotle’s meteorology have often focused on questions of scientific methodology rather than on the empirical accuracy of the explanations. Here we wish to focus on Aristotle’s theory of storms, considering them in their historical context and in light of Aristotle’s theoretical commitments, but testing them in terms of their ability to explain the phenomena in question. Aristotle’s approach to storm events follows a general pattern of “outburst” theories proposed by Presocratic thinkers, in which wind, fire, and the like burst out of clouds. Aristotle proposes a two-exhalation theory in which a dry and a moist gas arise by evaporation and can conflict with each other. In Meteorologica II.9 and III.1, he provides his own theory of storms. Modern accounts are hampered by a mistranslation of ‘eknephias’ as “hurricane.” We argue that an eknephias is never a hurricane, but in the first place a theoretical construct meant to account for three distinct phenomena: tuphōn, keraunos, and prēstēr, all of which need to be identified more clearly with actual meteorological phenomena than they have been. We identify appropriate phenomena and also propose a phenomenon corresponding to eknephias, which makes sense of Aristotle’s account.