bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Air Plasma in Ultra-Short Laser Processing of Crystalline Silicon
Authors: Choi Taeyoul , Hwang David Jen , Grigoropoulos Costas P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ultra-short pulsed laser radiation has been shown to be effective for precision material processing and surface micro-modification. One of the advantages is the substantial reduction of the heat penetration depth, which can lead to minimal lateral damage. On the other hand, the peak laser power applied in this experiment is sufficiently high to induce air breakdown forming air plasma. The femtosecond-resolved imaging pump-and-probe experiments provide a distinct evidence for the occurrence of air plasma. This highly nonlinear phenomenon is triggered before the commencement of the ablation process, which is traced at elapsed time of the order of 10 ps with respect to the ablating pulse.
Resin Infusion of Triaxially Braided Preforms With Through-the-Thickness Reinforcement
Authors: Sayre Jay R. , Loos Alfred C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) has shown potential to significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of high-performance aerospace composite structures. In this investigation, high fiber volume fraction, triaxially braided preforms with through-the-thickness stitching were successfully resin infiltrated by the VARTM process. The preforms, resin infiltrated with three different resin systems, produced cured composites that were fully wet-out and void free. A three-dimensional finite element model was used to simulation resin infusion into the preforms. The predicted flow patterns agreed well with the flow pattern observed during the infiltration process. The total infiltration times calculated using the model compared well with the measured times.
Lateral Compaction Effects in Braided Structures
Authors: DaSilva Robert A. , Chen Julie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the phenomenology of strand interaction in biaxial non-embedded braided textile structures under uniaxial tension. The specific interest in the development of new braided textile structures is a result of the shortcomings of current rope, belt, and cable performance under large strain controlled conditions. However, this work also holds particular significance in the area of textile composite preforms. In composites forming, the lateral strand compaction mechanism, which drives braid behavior under tension, may be applied to woven fabrics for predicting wrinkling during forming processes. Additionally, manufacturing models produced in this study may be used to predict shape and size limitations of braided composite preforms.
In this paper, a generalized model is developed for these structures with the intent of characterizing and predicting mechanical behavior. The methodology consists of a modular framework, which includes the prediction of manufacturing parameters. Lateral strand compaction tests were performed to generate constitutive material curves for use in analytical geometric models. Model predictions correlate well with data generated from braid uniaxial tension tests. Results suggest that lateral strand strain drives braid tensile behavior.
A Model to Evaluate Heat Transfer to a Particle From Thermal Plasma
Authors: Samudra Sameer D. , Jog Milind A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In many plasma-aided manufacturing systems, metallic or ceramic particles are introduced in a thermal plasma. The heat transfer from the plasma to the particle, in part, governs the quality of the products. To design thermal plasma-aided manufacturing systems and to predict their performance, accurate determination of particle heat transfer is necessary. In this paper, a spherical particle introduced in an ionized gas made up of electrons, ions, and neutrals is considered. A model to accurately determine heat transfer to the particle is developed.
Spreadsheet Tool for Quick-Turn 3D Numerical Modeling of Package Thermal Performance With Non-Uniform Die Heating
Authors: Watwe Abhay A. , Prasher Ravi S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Traditional methods of estimating package thermal performance employ numerical modeling using commercially available finite-volume or finite-element tools. Use of these tools requires training and experience in thermal modeling. This methodology restricts the ability of die designers to quickly evaluate the thermal impact of their die architecture due to the added throughput time required to enlist the services of a thermal analyst. This paper describes the development of an easy to use spreadsheet tool, which performs quick-turn numerical evaluations of the impact of non-uniform die heating. The tool employs well-established finite-volume numerical techniques to solve the steady-state, three-dimensional Fourier equation of conduction in the package geometry. Minimal input data is required and the inputs are customized using visual basic pull-down menus to assist die designers who may not be thermal experts. Data showing comparison of the estimates from the spreadsheet tool with that obtained from a conventional analysis using the commercially available finite element code ANSYS™ is also presented.
Understanding the Effects of Processing on the Mechanical Behavior of a SI3N4 Ceramic Through Microstructural Investigations
Authors: Wei Q. , Sankar J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The mechanical properties of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics are determined by their microstructure, which in turn depends on processing routes adopted to fabricate the material. To obtain dense Si3N4, sintering aids are almost always added during the densification process. The sintering aids remain in the ceramics as amorphous residues which adversely affect the high temperature mechanical behavior of the material.
In this paper, we have investigated the effects of processing on the mechanical behavior of a sintered Si3N4 ceramic through detailed microstructural observations. A commercial Si3N4 was annealed using conventional furnace annealing and microwave annealing at different temperatures. Creep tests were performed to compare the high temperature mechanical behavior of the as-sintered and annealed ceramics. It was found that microwave and furnace annealing heat-treatments improve the creep resistance of the ceramic through devitrification of the triple junctions phases.
Effect of Molten Metal Stream Shrouding in Minimizing Surface Turbulence
Authors: Tomovic Mileta M. , Drambarean Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The metalcasting process is one of the most complex manufacturing processes. It is characterized by numerous physical phenomena that need to be completely understood and controlled. The focus of this paper is on the fluid mechanics of the molten metal stream entering the mold cavity. The flow pattern of the molten metal has a profound effect on the quality of the end casting. This has prompted numerous research efforts in developing methods of delivering molten metal to the mold cavity in a way that will result in relatively fast flow and minimally disturbed stream of molten metal with a minimum of surface turbulence. This paper compares the conventional method of molten metal delivery to the mold cavity with the recently implemented shroud pouring technique. The experimental and numerical results are correlated for one casting manufactured by Harrison Steel Castings Co., Attica, Indiana. The results show the complexity of the filling process during the transient flow stage and the need to rely on the numerical simulation for a full understanding of the process. In addition, the results show certain benefits of the shroud pouring technique compared to conventional pouring, and that pouring parameters and alloy chemistry have significant impact on the quality of the casting.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Impact Damages in Fiber-Metal Laminated Panels
Authors: Pierides Alexis M. , Liu Yangxiong , Liaw Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Damages generated by instrumented drop-weight impacting onto various types of Glare fiber-metal laminated panels were assessed by the immersion ultrasonic NDE technique. Factors affecting impact damage tolerance of fiber-metal laminates, such as the choice of aluminum alloy, lay-up sequence, panel thickness, etc., were considered. One major goal of this study is to identify proper immersion ultrasound parameters for better detecting failure mechanisms, especially those hidden inside these opaque materials. They include B- or C-scanning, focused or flat transducers, transducer frequency, pulse-echo or through-transmission mode, etc.
Semi-Analytical Modeling of Progressive Damage in Twill Woven Textile Composites
Authors: Chaphalkar Pramod , Kelkar Ajit O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Various alternative composite materials like, textile composites, especially woven, are being developed and tried in place of conventional multidirectional laminates, because they have better properties in mutually orthogonal directions and out of plane properties than the multidirectional laminates. In structural applications, predictions of the elastic modulii, Poisson’s ratios from the weave architecture and the properties of the constituents are required. There are various parameters that characterize the weave architecture of woven laminate composites. In repeated loading, the matrix cracking occurs, degrading matrix properties. This in turn degrades the effective properties of the woven composites. Analytical models are necessary to study the effects of these parameters on the behavior of woven fabric composites and to design efficient woven structure for particular application. The objective of the current paper is to study the effect of matrix cracking on the effective properties of the twill woven composites by degrading the matrix properties. First the effective properties of the composite material, without any matrix cracks, are determined by using an analytical model, which predicts the stiffness of the twill woven composites. This model takes into account effects of the actual fabric structure with various tow cross sections by considering tow undulations and continuity along both the fill and warp directions.
In twill woven composites, there is a weaker matrix along with the stronger medium i.e. the glass fibers. The matrix first fails and then the load is transferred to the fibers. The matrix properties are degraded in the resin pockets and also in the transverse tows only. This is because normally matrix cracking first occurs in the transverse tows (cracks originate in the tows that run in the transverse direction to the loading). The degradation of the properties includes the Young’s Modulus and the Poisson’s ratio of the resin. With these modified properties of the resin, the homogeneous properties of the transverse tows are calculated. At each degradation step the effective properties of the composite material are evaluated. This progressive failure is continued till the matrix loses most of its strength.
Deep-Confidentiality
: An IoT-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Framework for Unstructured Big Biomedical Data
Authors: Moqurrab Syed Atif , Anjum Adeel , Khan Abid , Ahmed Mansoor , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: November 2021

Due to the Internet of Things evolution, the clinical data is exponentially growing and using smart technologies. The generated big biomedical data is confidential, as it contains a patient’s personal information and findings. Usually, big biomedical data is stored over the cloud, making it convenient to be accessed and shared. In this view, the data shared for research purposes helps to reveal useful and unexposed aspects. Unfortunately, sharing of such sensitive data also leads to certain privacy threats. Generally, the clinical data is available in textual format (e.g., perception reports). Under the domain of natural language processing, many research studies have been published to mitigate the privacy breaches in textual clinical data. However, there are still limitations and shortcomings in the current studies that are inevitable to be addressed. In this article, a novel framework for textual medical data privacy has been proposed as
Deep-Confidentiality
. The proposed framework improves Medical Entity Recognition (MER) using deep neural networks and sanitization compared to the current state-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, the new and generic utility metric is also proposed, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing utility metric. It provides the true representation of sanitized documents as compared to the original documents. To check our proposed framework’s effectiveness, it is evaluated on the i2b2-2010 NLP challenge dataset, which is considered one of the complex medical data for MER. The proposed framework improves the MER with 7.8% recall, 7% precision, and 3.8% F1-score compared to the existing deep learning models. It also improved the data utility of sanitized documents up to 13.79%, where the value of the
k
is 3.
Comprehensive Support and Student Success: Can Out of School Time
Make a Difference?
Authors: Komisarow Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
StudentU is a comprehensive program that provides education, nutrition, and social support services to disadvantaged middle and high school students outside of the regular school day. In this paper I investigate the effects of this multiyear program on the early high school outcomes of participating students by exploiting data from oversubscribed admissions lotteries. I find that the subgroup of lottery winners who entered the comprehensive program with low baseline achievement earned more course credits (0.82 credits), achieved higher grade point averages (0.37 grade points), and were less likely to be suspended (17.1 percentage points) during ninth grade than their lottery loser counterparts. Investigation of intervening variables indicates that on-time grade progress and decreases in course failure and disciplinary infractions are potential mediating channels. Using an index of early high school outcomes, I predict that lottery winners are around 4 percentage points more likely to graduate from high school than lottery losers (5 percent effect). These results suggest that comprehensive services delivered outside of the regular school day have the potential to improve the educational outcomes of disadvantaged students.
A Spatial Informance Design Method to Elicit Early Interface Prototypes for Augmented Reality
Authors: Cowlyn Joe , Dalton Nick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Designing for augmented reality (AR) applications is difficult and expensive. A rapid system for the early design process of spatial interfaces is required. Previous research has used video for mobile AR design, but this is not extensible to head-mounted AR. AR is an emergent technology with no prior design precedent, requiring designers to allow free speculation or risk the pitfalls of “path dependence.” In this article, a participatory elicitation method we call “spatial informance design” is presented. We found combining “informance design,” “Wizard of Oz,” improvisation, and “paper prototyping,” to be a fast and lightweight solution for ideation of rich designs for spatial interfaces. A study using our method with 11 participants, produced similar and wildly different interface configurations and interactions for an augmented reality email application. Based on our findings, we propose design implications and an evaluation of our method using spatial informance for the design of head-mounted AR applications.
Influence of the Local Urban Environment on the Thermoradiative and Hydrological Behavior of a Garden Lawn
Authors: Lemonsu Aude , Munck Cécile de , Redon Emilie , Masson Valéry , Keravec Pascal , Rodriguez Fabrice , Pineau Laetitia , Legain Dominique 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Several urban canopy models now incorporate urban vegetation to represent local urban cooling related to natural soil and plant evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, little is known about the realism of simulating these processes and turbulent exchanges within the urban canopy. Here, the coupled modeling of thermal and hydrological exchanges was investigated for a lawn located in an urban environment and for which soil temperature and water content measurements were available. The ISBA diffusive (ISBA-DF) surface–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model is inline coupled to the Town Energy Balance urban canopy model to model mixed urban environments. For the present case study, ISBA-DF was applied to the lawn and first evaluated in its default configuration. Particular attention was then paid to the parameterization of turbulent exchanges above the lawn and to the description of soil characteristics. The results highlighted the importance of taking into account local roughness related to surrounding obstacles for computing the turbulent exchanges over the lawn and simulating realistic surface and soil temperatures. The soil nature and texture vertical heterogeneity are also key properties for simulating the soil water content evolution and water exchanges.
Efficacy of simulation training for beating heart coronary anastomosis using BEAT  +  YOUCAN simulator
Authors: Nishi Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Yaku Hitoshi , Doi Kiyoshi , Nishimura Yoshiharu , Abe Kohei , Tsukui Hiroyuki , Tabata Minoru , Okamoto Kazuma , Park Young-Kwang , Matsuda Hikaru 
Published: November 2021

Background We sought to evaluate our distributed practice program developed for training for beating heart anastomosis by employing a novel beating heart simulator. Methods Eleven trainees watched and reviewed instructional video recordings of coronary anastomosis methods with a BEAT  +  YOUCAN training device, then performed coronary anastomosis procedures under a beating condition. Next, they participated in a four-hour training program developed by faculty surgeons. Ten different anastomosis components were assessed on a five-point rating scale (5, good; 3, average; 1, poor). After finishing the training program, each trainee again performed a coronary anastomosis procedure. Component scores were then compared before and after the training program. Results The mean time to completion of the procedure improved from 1033  ±  424 to 795  ±  201 s (p < 0.05). Assessment scores improved from 1.88  ±  0.41 to 2.57  ±  0.30 (p < 0.05). Improvements in some technical components related to handling of instruments were noted (p < 0.05), whereas no significant improvement was seen with arteriotomy, graft orientation, suture management, or knot tying after finishing the training program. Conclusion Trainees who participated in our four-hour focused training program for coronary anastomosis with a novel beating heart simulator showed improved ability under the beating condition in regard to technical skills related to handling instruments.
Mineralogy of Ga- and Ge-bearing metallurgical slags from Tsumeb, Namibia
Authors: Ettler Vojtěch , Mihaljevič Martin , Strnad Ladislav , Jedlicka Radim , Kříbek Bohdan , Bowell Rob J. , Kamona Fred , Mapani Ben 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge) are technologically important critical elements. Lead blast furnace slags from Tsumeb, Namibia, comprise over two million metric tons of material that contains high levels of Ga (135–156 ppm) and Ge (128–441 ppm) in addition to significant Zn concentrations (up to 11 wt.%) and represent a potential resource for these elements. A combination of mineralogical and chemical methods (PXRD, FEG-SEM-EPMA and LA-ICP-MS) indicated different partitioning of Ga and Ge within the individual slag phases. Gallium is predominantly bound in small euhedral crystals of Zn–Fe–Al spinels (<10 μm in size), exhibiting concentrations in the range of 480–1370 ppm (up to 0.004 atoms per formula unit, apfu). Concentrations of Ga in other phases (e.g. melilite) are systematically below 90 ppm. The principal host of Ge is the silicate glass and, to a lesser extent, silicates (melilite and olivine group phases). Concentrations of Ge in glass attained a concentration of 470 ppm (EPMA), but the LA-ICP-MS analysis of glass matrix containing submicrometre spinel crystallites indicated that average Ge levels vary in the range of 113–394 ppm. In the potential extraction of Ga and Ge, the results indicate that ultrafine milling is needed to liberate the Ga- and Ge-hosting phases prior to metallurgical processing of the slag.
EFMlrs: a Python package for elementary flux mode enumeration via lexicographic reverse search
Authors: Buchner Bianca A , Zanghellini Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Elementary flux mode (EFM) analysis is a well-established, yet computationally challenging approach to characterize metabolic networks. Standard algorithms require huge amounts of memory and lack scalability which limits their application to single servers and consequently limits a comprehensive analysis to medium-scale networks. Recently, Avis et al. developed —a parallel version of the lexicographic reverse search (lrs) algorithm, which, in principle, enables an EFM analysis on high-performance computing environments (Avis and Jordan. mplrs: a scalable parallel vertex/facet enumeration code. arXiv:1511.06487, 2017). Here we test its applicability for EFM enumeration.

Results
We developed , a Python package that gives users access to the enumeration capabilities of . uses COBRApy to process metabolic models from sbml files, performs loss-free compressions of the stoichiometric matrix, and generates suitable inputs for as well as , providing support not only for our proposed new method for EFM enumeration but also for already established tools. By leveraging COBRApy, also allows the application of additional reaction boundaries and seamlessly integrates into existing workflows.

Conclusion
We show that due to ’s properties, the algorithm is perfectly suited for high-performance computing (HPC) and thus offers new possibilities for the unbiased analysis of substantially larger metabolic models via EFM analyses. is an open-source program that comes together with a designated workflow and can be easily installed via pip.
Integration of transcriptomics and network analysis reveals co-expressed genes in Frankliniella occidentalis larval guts that respond to tomato spotted wilt virus infection
Authors: Han Jinlong , Rotenberg Dorith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe gut is the first barrier to infection by viruses that are internally borne and transmitted persistently by arthropod vectors to plant and animal hosts. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a plant-pathogenic virus, is transmitted exclusively by thrips vectors in a circulative-propagative manner.Frankliniella occidentalis(western flower thrips), the principal thrips vector of TSWV, is transmission-competent only if the virus is acquired by young larvae. To begin to understand the larval gut response to TSWV infection and accumulation, a genome-assisted, transcriptomic analysis ofF. occidentalisgut tissues of first (early L1) and second (early L2 and late L2) instar larvae was conducted using RNA-Seq to identify differentially-expressed transcripts (DETs) in response to TSWV compared to non-exposed cohorts.ResultsThe larval gut responded in a developmental stage-dependent manner, with the majority of DETs (71%) associated with the early L1 stage at a time when virus infection is limited to the midgut epithelium. Provisional annotations of these DETs inferred roles in digestion and absorption, insect innate immunity, and detoxification. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis using all assembled transcripts of the gut transcriptome revealed eight gene modules that distinguish larval development. Intra-module interaction network analysis of the three most DET-enriched modules revealed ten central hub genes. Droplet digital PCR-expression analyses of select network hub and connecting genes revealed temporal changes in gut expression during and post exposure to TSWV.ConclusionsThese findings expand our understanding of the developmentally-mediated interaction between thrips vectors and orthotospoviruses, and provide opportunities for probing pathways for biomarkers of thrips vector competence.