bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative Values of Mid Trimester Cervical Consistency Index in Women Delivering at Term
Authors: Shamjibhai Virani Harshad Kumar , Nayar Sakshi , Sharma Nidhish , Gupta Nandita Dimri , Kumar Sunita , Mansukhani Chandra , Gujral Kanwal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims and Objective Cervical Consistency Index (CCI) is a new technique to measure the consistency of Cervix (softening) and is expected to show changes before cervical shortening. The aim of this study was 1. To find out the normative values of mid-trimester Cervical Consistency Index in women delivering at term. 2. To compare the discriminative ability of cervical consistency index with cervical length for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth.
Method A total of 144 antenatal patients undergoing mid-trimester anomaly scan were subjected to transvaginal cervical length measurement as per Fetal Medicine Foundation criteria. Cervical consistency index was measured as defined by Para et al. The anterior–posterior diameter of cervix was measured before compression (AP) and after compression (AP') in the same sitting. Cervical consistency index (CCI) was calculated by the formula:CCI = APⅹ/AP × 100;The result of CCI was not used in the clinical management of the patient. Women who delivered at 37 weeks and beyond were included to form the normative data. An attempt was made to study the ability of mid-trimester cervical consistency index to predict spontaneous preterm birth as compared to cervical length (CL).
Results Range of CCI in our study was 41–100% and that of CL was 2–4 cm.Based on values of CCI and CL an ROC curve was made, AUC measured for CCI was 0.923 and for CL was 0.849. The cut off determined for CCI was 64.5%, above which all women delivered at ≥ 37 weeks. Only Two women who delivered preterm (< 37) weeks had a CCI of less than 64.5% (64 and 47%), but cervical length was greater than 2.5 cms in both of them. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value and accuracy of CCI for predicting term delivery at a cutoff of 64.5% in our study was 83.8%, 100%, 100%, 8% and 93.8% respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for predicting preterm delivery were 100%, 83.8%, 8%, 100% and 93.8%. Discriminative ability of CCI in comparison to CL could not be determined because only two women delivered preterm in our study.
Conclusion This was a pilot study to form the normative values of CCI for women delivering at term. At a cutoff value of 64.5% or more all women delivered at term. Two women who delivered preterm had a CCI of less than 64.5%. Further large studies are required before CCI can be incorporated as a routine to assess the antenatal cervix.
Stochastic resonance in periodically driven bistable systems subjected to anomalous diffusion
Authors: Nzoupe F. Naha , Dikandé Alain M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of stochastic resonance in bistable systems undergoing anomalous diffusions, which arise from density-dependent fluctuations, is investigated with an emphasis on the analytical formulation of the problem as well as a possible analytical derivation of key quantifiers of stochastic resonance. The nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation describing the system dynamics, together with the corresponding Ito–Langevin equation, is formulated. In the linear response regime, analytical expressions of the spectral amplification, of the signal-to-noise ratio and of the hysteresis loop area are derived as quantifiers of stochastic resonance. These quantifiers are found to be strongly dependent on the parameters controlling the type of diffusion; in particular, the peak characterizing the signal-to-noise ratio occurs only in close ranges of parameters. Results introduce the relevant information that, taking into consideration the interactions of anomalous diffusive systems with a periodic signal, can provide a better understanding of the physics of stochastic resonance in bistable systems driven by periodic forces.
An improved chacha algorithm for securing data on IoT devices
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed Salih , Hassan Nidaa Falih , Abdul-Majeed Ghassan H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, revolution of development was exceedingly quick in the Internet. Nevertheless, instead of only linking personal computers, mobiles and wearable equipment's, Internet growths from a web binding to true world physical substances that is indicated to novel connotation, which is labeled as Internet of Things (IoT). This concept is utilized in many scopes like education, health care, agriculture and commerce. IoT devices are presented with batteries to have independence from electric current; consequently, their working time is specified by the total time of the power of these batteries. In many IoT applications, data of IoT devices are extremely critical and should be encrypted. Current encryption approaches are created with a high complexity of an arithmetical process to provide a high level of security. However, these arithmetical processes lead to troubles concerning the efficiency and power consumption. ChaCha cipher is one of these approaches, which recently attracted attention due to its deployment in several applications by Google. In the present study, a new stream cipher procedure is proposed (called Super ChaCha), which performs low duty cycles for securing data on IoT devices. The proposed algorithm represents an improved revision to the standard ChaCha algorithm by increasing resistance to cryptanalysis. The modification focuses on rotation procedure which has been changed from a fixed constant to a variable constant based on random value. Also, the inputs of the cipher are changing in the columns form followed by diagonals form to zigzag form and then by alternate form to provide improved diffusion in comparison with the standard ChaCha. Results regarding the security illustrate that Super ChaCha needs 2512 probable keys to break by brute-force attack. Furthermore, the randomness of Super ChaCha successfully passed the five benchmark and NIST test.
Iron ore filtration process improvement through pH modification
Authors: Andrade Alexandre Gonçalves , Athayde Maycon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study presents the effect of pH reduction in iron ore slurry for an iron ore filtration process. A reduction on moisture content and increase on filters throughput was proposed by the pH modification. The experimental procedure included bench scale tests and industrial scale up of the observed results. Additionally, Langelier’s saturation index was applied to determine the optimum pH range for the filtration operation. The calcium carbonate deposition test was developed and evaluated in the present study. A comprehensive evaluation at different pH ranges was performed leading to identify the calcium carbonate deposition critical point.
SCHA.DIF.4k: 4,000 Years of Paleomagnetic Reconstruction for Europe and Its Application for Dating
Authors: Pavón‐Carrasco F. Javier , Campuzano Saioa A. , Rivero‐Montero Mercedes , Molina‐Cardín Alberto , Gómez‐Paccard Miriam , Osete M. Luisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the publication of the European archaeomagnetic field model SCHA.DIF.3k in 2009, the number of paleomagnetic data derived from archaeological materials such as baked clays and volcanic rocks coming from Europe has increased by about 90% for directions and around 180% for intensities. Taking advantage of this increase, here we provide an updated regional archaeomagnetic model, called SCHA.DIF.4k, for the European continent and adjacent areas and now covering the last four millennia. To model the three geomagnetic elements, declination, inclination, and intensity, we use the regional R‐SCHA2D technique in space and temporal basis of cubic splines. A critical selection of the archaeomagnetic and volcanic data available in a spherical cap of 30° centered at 40°N latitude and 10°E longitude has been considered. In addition, in order to better constrain the behavior of the archaeomagnetic field during the last centuries, we include the historical data of the HISTMAG compilation. The new regional model allows us to better define the paleomagnetic field over Europe as well as to generate new paleosecular variation curves for archaeomagnetic dating purposes. Using these curves, the dating precision has been estimated for the last 4 kyr. As expected, results show that it strongly depends on the data uncertainties, the temporal data distribution and the behavior of the geomagnetic field itself. In addition, the use of the full vector geomagnetic field, instead of the directional information exclusively, provides more precise archaeomagnetic dating results.
Vertical Changes in the Flux of Atmospheric Nitrate From a Forest Canopy to the Surface Soil Based on Δ17O Values
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Nakagawa Fumiko , Shibata Hideaki , Tsunogai Urumu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo better understand the factors that control N retention and N export in forested watersheds, it is necessary to understand the relationships among atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, internal N cycling within plant‐soil systems, and N leaching. The relative contributions of atmospheric nitrate (NO3−atm) and remineralized nitrate produced by microbial nitrification to total nitrate (NO3−) in stream water have been investigated in many studies. However, the dynamics of these two types of NO3− from the forest canopy to the soil are not well understood. Therefore, we determined the changes in the NO3− flux and the 17O excess (Δ17O) of NO3−, a robust tracer of NO3−atm, from bulk deposition to the soil water beneath oak and spruce trees as well as dwarf bamboo‐dominated canopy gaps in a natural coniferous‐broadleaved mixed forest in northern Japan. The Δ17O values in NO3− dramatically decreased after passing through the forest floor, indicating that the dominant source of NO3− leaching is nitrification in the forest floor. In contrast, a large decrease in NO3−atm flux was observed between bulk deposition and throughfall, especially for oak and spruce, suggesting that the forest canopy is an important sink for deposited NO3−atm. The retention of NO3−atm by the canopy was higher for oak (86.3 ± 10.1%) and spruce (87.7 ± 8.8%) than for Sasa in the canopy gap (49.9 ± 26.6%). Our study demonstrated that the Δ17O value of NO3− is a promising tool for quantifying the atmospheric nitrate dynamics in complex forest N cycling.
Changes in Fathers’ Body Mass Index, Sleep, and Diet From Prebirth to 12 Months Postbirth: Exploring the Moderating Roles of Parenthood Experience and Coparenting Support
Authors: Lo Brian K , Kang Augustine W , Haneuse Sebastien , Yu Xinting , Ash Tayla von , Redline Susan , Taveras Elsie M , Davison Kirsten K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
While research has examined prenatal to postnatal changes in women’s weight, sleep, and diet, much less is known about these changes among fathers.

Purpose
This study aimed to (a) examine changes in fathers’ body mass index (BMI), sleep, and diet from 1 month before birth to 5–6 months following birth, and from 5–6 months to 11–12 months following birth and (b) explore the moderating roles of parenthood experience and coparenting support.

Methods
169 fathers (mean age 35.5 years, 58.9% White) participated. Fathers completed an intake survey shortly after their infant’s birth to recall their height and weight, nighttime sleep hours, fruit and vegetable intake, soda intake, and fast food intake for the month prior to birth. When their child was 6 and 12 months old, fathers reported their weight, sleep, and diet again for the past 4 weeks (i.e., 4 week periods spanning 5–6 months and 11–12 months following birth). Generalized estimating equations were used to answer our research questions.

Results
Fathers reported higher BMI (Δ = 0.22 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 0.38; p = .008) and less nighttime sleep duration (Δ = −0.21 hr; 95% CI = −0.38, −0.05; p = .012) at 5–6 months following birth compared to 1 month prior to birth. Fathers’ diet remained stable over the three timepoints. No evidence was found to support the moderating roles of parenthood experience and coparenting support on fathers’ weight and behavior changes.

Conclusions
5–6 months following birth may be an important point of intervention for fathers to promote a return to prebirth BMI and sleep levels.
Distribution of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) in Grassland Regions of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Lysyk Timothy J , Dergousoff Shaun J , Rochon Kateryn , Chilton Neil B , Smith Anne M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The geographic distribution of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, was determined in Alberta, Canada, by drag sampling at 86 and 89 sites during 2011 and 2012, respectively. Tick density and prevalence varied between years, averaging (range) 1.0 (0–26.2) and 5.9 (0–110) ticks/1,000 m2 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Ticks were detected at 24.4% and 42.7% of the sites sampled in each respective year. Tick density and presence declined in a northerly direction to 51.6°N and in a westerly direction to ca. 113°W, except for a small area of high density at the edge of the Rocky Mountains in the southeastern portion of the province. Ticks were most abundant in the Dry Mixedgrass and Montane natural subregions and in areas with Brown Chernozemic, Regosol, and Solodized Solonetzic great soil groups. A logistic regression model indicated that tick presence was increased in the Dry Mixedgrass natural subregion and in regions with greater temperatures during the previous summer and normal winter precipitation but was reduced in areas with Dark Brown Chernozemic soils. The model will be useful for predicting tick presence and the associated risk of tick-borne diseases in the province.
Diabetes and Prostate Cancer Outcomes in Obese and Nonobese Men After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kelkar Sonia , Oyekunle Taofik , Eisenberg Adva , Howard Lauren , Aronson William J , Kane Christopher J , Amling Christopher L , Cooperberg Matthew R , Klaassen Zachary , Terris Martha K , Freedland Stephen J , Csizmadi Ilona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe link between diabetes and prostate cancer progression is poorly understood and complicated by obesity. We investigated associations between diabetes and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM), castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and metastases in obese and nonobese men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsWe included 4688 men from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing RP from 1988 to 2017. Diabetes prior to RP, anthropometric, and clinical data were abstracted from 6 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers electronic medical records. Primary and secondary outcomes were PCSM and metastases and CRPC, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (adj-HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for diabetes and PCSM, CRPC, and metastases. Adjusted hazard ratios were also estimated in analyses stratified by obesity (body mass index: nonobese &lt;30 kg/m2; obese ≥30 kg/m2). All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsDiabetes was not associated with PCSM (adj-HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.86 to 2.24), CRPC (adj-HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.64), or metastases (adj-HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.46), among all men. Interaction terms for diabetes and obesity were statistically significant in multivariable models for PCSM, CRPC, and metastases (P ≤ .04). In stratified analyses, in obese men, diabetes was associated with PCSM (adj-HR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.40 to 6.69), CRPC (adj-HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.15), and metastases (adj-HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.88 to 2.78), though not statistically significant for metastases. In nonobese men, inverse associations were suggested for diabetes and prostate cancer outcomes without reaching statistical significance.ConclusionsDiabetes was associated with increased risks of prostate cancer progression and mortality among obese men but not among nonobese men, highlighting the importance of aggressively curtailing the increasing prevalence of obesity in prostate cancer survivors.
Single Motherhood of Refugees in Poland and the Challenges of Socialization in the Face of Cultural Alienation
Authors: KoŚĆ-RyŻko Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Maternity is an extremely important aspect of self-determination regardless of the culture of origin. In the case of refugee women (functioning without the support of close relatives, the family, and their own society with its cultural norms), it additionally plays a crucial role in the construction of self-image. Women are often taken care of their children, which largely determines their adaptation strategies focused primarily on providing offspring with safety, development conditions, and stability. No less important it is also for their self-perception and self-determination, which are to a large extent conditioned by the gender roles in their culture of origin. In the article, I discuss the most common dilemmas of mothers-refugees among whom I conduct research since 2014 (coming from former Soviet Republics: Chechnya, Dagestan, Tajikistan) and I analyse their impact on the upbringing of offspring. At the beginning of the article, I present the basic terminological issues related to socialization and enculturation. These processes are considered to be one of the most important and difficult challenges faced by refugee women living in Poland. In the following part, I analyse the relationship between the self-assessment of the parental and educational activities effectiveness made refugee mothers and their adaptation attitudes and acculturation strategies.
Intra-splenic ovarian cystadenoma
Authors: Sohn Jenny , Gundara Justin S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Splenic cysts are relatively common and usually involve post-traumatic or infective aetiologies. The management of splenic cysts varies in its aetiology, symptomology and size. Surgical intervention is warranted for symptomatic, larger sized cysts &gt; 5 cm and can involve spleen-preserving laparoscopic cyst fenestrations, marsupialization or potentially a splenectomy. In this case report, we review a rare case of an ectopic ovarian cystadenoma presenting as a large recurrent splenic cyst.
Probabilistic outlier identification for RNA sequencing generalized linear models
Authors: Mangiola Stefano , Thomas Evan A , Modrák Martin , Vehtari Aki , Papenfuss Anthony T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRelative transcript abundance has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding the function of genes in biological systems. For the differential analysis of transcript abundance using RNA sequencing data, the negative binomial model is by far the most frequently adopted. However, common methods that are based on a negative binomial model are not robust to extreme outliers, which we found to be abundant in public datasets. So far, no rigorous and probabilistic methods for detection of outliers have been developed for RNA sequencing data, leaving the identification mostly to visual inspection. Recent advances in Bayesian computation allow large-scale comparison of observed data against its theoretical distribution given in a statistical model. Here we propose ppcseq, a key quality-control tool for identifying transcripts that include outlier data points in differential expression analysis, which do not follow a negative binomial distribution. Applying ppcseq to analyse several publicly available datasets using popular tools, we show that from 3 to 10 percent of differentially abundant transcripts across algorithms and datasets had statistics inflated by the presence of outliers.
Unexpected Binding of Tozuleristide “Tumor Paint” to Cerebral Vascular Malformations: A Potentially Novel Application of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery
Authors: Kobets Andrew J , Nauen David , Lee Amy , Cohen Alan R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is under investigation as a means to improve the extent of resection for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Tozuleristide, known also as “Tumor Paint,” is an investigational tumor-targeting agent covalently conjugated to a derivative of the fluorescent dye indocyanine green.

OBJECTIVE
To report the finding of avid intraoperative fluorescence of tozuleristide on cerebral vascular malformations.

METHODS
Our institution is participating in a phase 2/3 study of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence detection of pediatric primary CNS tumors in patients receiving intravenous tozuleristide and imaged with the Canvas system. Our site enrolled 2 patients with intracranial lesions, suspected preoperatively of possibly being gliomas that proved to be cavernous vascular malformations after resection.

RESULTS
Each lesion had a dark blue mulberry appearance and each fluoresced avidly with tozuleristide. Each was completely resected, and the patients recovered without deficit. Pathological assessment showed cavernous angioma for both cases. Tozuleristide fluorescence is postulated to result from binding to matrix metalloproteinase-2 and annexin A2, and literature review demonstrates expression of both these ligands on multiple cerebrovascular lesions, including cavernous malformations.

CONCLUSION
This finding deserves further investigation to determine if tozuleristide “Tumor Paint” may have a wider role in the identification of non-neoplastic intracranial pathologies.
Characterization of the gut DNA and RNA Viromes in a Cohort of Chinese Residents and Visiting Pakistanis
Authors: Yan Qiulong , Wang Yu , Chen Xiuli , Jin Hao , Wang Guangyang , Guan Kuiqing , Zhang Yue , Zhang Pan , Ayaz Taj , Liang Yanshan , Wang Junyi , Cui Guangyi , Sun Yuanyuan , Xiao Manchun , Kang Jian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Aiqin , Li Peng , Liu Xueyang , Ulllah Hayan , Ma Yufang , Li Shenghui , Ma Tonghui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trillions of viruses inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Some of them have been well-studied on their roles in infection and human health, but the majority remains unsurveyed. It has been established that the composition of the gut virome is highly variable based on the changes of diet, physical state, and environmental factors. However, the effect of host genetic factors, for example ethnic origin, on the gut virome is rarely investigated. Here, we characterized and compared the gut virome in a cohort of local Chinese residents and visiting Pakistani individuals, each group containing twenty-four healthy adults and six children. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and assembly of fecal samples, a huge number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were identified for profiling the DNA and RNA viromes. National background contributed a primary variation to individuals’ gut virome. Compared with the Chinese adults, the Pakistan adults showed higher macrodiversity and different compositional and functional structures in their DNA virome and lower diversity and altered composition in their RNA virome. The virome variations of Pakistan children were not only inherited from that of the adults but also tended to share similar characteristics with the Chinese cohort. We also analyzed and compared the bacterial microbiome between two cohorts and further revealed numerous connections between viruses and bacterial host. Statistically, the gut DNA and RNA viromes were covariant to some extent (P &lt; 0.001), and they both correlated the holistic bacterial composition and vice versa. This study provides an overview of the gut viral community in Chinese and visiting Pakistanis and proposes a considerable role of ethnic origin in shaping the virome.