bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral propranolol and its impact on vital signs in hospitalized pediatric patients for the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Rypka Katelyn , Bellefeuille Gretchen , Wendland Zachary , Paiewonsky Briana , Freese Rebecca , Maguiness Sheilagh , Nicholson Cynthia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangiomas (IH) affect 2%–10% of the pediatric population. The current standard treatment for complicated IH is oral propranolol. Propranolol initiation protocols vary depending on institution and may occur in an inpatient setting for patients <5‐week‐corrected‐age, with a history of premature birth, and or with low weight to allow for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and glucose monitoring.ObjectiveOur study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of monitoring inpatient propranolol initiation and to evaluate if complications occurred during admission.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients seen at the University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology between January 01, 2012 and July 31, 2022 was completed. Inclusion criteria include less than 1 year of age at time of admission, a diagnosis of IH and or PHACE syndrome, and admission for propranolol initiation and monitoring.ResultsAdmissions for 78 pediatric patients were reviewed. After initiation of propranolol, significant decreases in BP (systolic p = .005; diastolic p = .002) and HR (p = .004) were noted; however, average BPs and HRs remained above the lower limit of normal. No patients experienced symptomatic hypoglycemia. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in vital sign alterations were observed between patients <5 versus >5 kg; preterm vs term gestation; or <5‐week‐corrected‐age versus >5‐week‐corrected‐age.DiscussionOur findings complement current literature confirming that propranolol initiation is safe in pediatric patients. Propranolol initiation likely requires less laboratory and vital sign monitoring than currently performed for these patient populations.
The Manifestation of the Karen Trope in the Workplace: A Reconsideration of Stereotypes of White Women at Work
Authors: Tirol‐Carmody Kristina B. , Li Christina S. , Goering Daniel D. , Henry Sarah E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs research largely considers White women a race‐neutral gender group associated with generic feminine attributes (e.g., communality), there is a limited theoretical understanding of how their intersectional racial and gender identities might combine to shape their work experiences. Yet the recently emerged Karen trope—popularized on social media as White women who complain incessantly—deviates from generic feminine attributes and may have seeped into the workplace to potentially create unique work experiences for White women based on their race and gender. Using a mixed‐method design across three studies, we explore the implications of how the Karen trope has manifested within organizations. Our qualitative study revealed that employees have adopted this trope to label White female colleagues who prohibitively voice as workplace Karens, leading to various social penalties for these individuals. Integrating these preliminary findings with a stereotype activation and application lens, we develop a conceptual model of when White women (vs. men and non‐White women) conduct prohibitive voice, they activate a broader stereotype that White women are workplace Karens, causing observers to perceive them as having less organizational concern, which leads to lower promotability evaluations and decreased intent to rely on their voice. Using a series of experimental vignettes and a field study combining a critical incident technique with random assignment to experimental conditions, we find empirical support for our model. Our results enhance the theoretical and practical understanding of a rare context wherein Whiteness and gender interact to create negative work experiences for an otherwise advantaged social group.
B‐class gene GLOBOSA – a facilitator for enriched species diversity of Salvia in the New World?
Authors: Wetters S. , Nick P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The genus Salvia, comprising around 1000 species, half of which are found in the New World, belongs to the taxonomically most challenging genera within the Lamiaceae. A part of this diversity can be ascribed to the shape and expansion of the corolla and stamen structures, because changes in geometry of the sexual organs and attractance of pollinators might establish propagation barriers. However, the structural, functional, and evolutionary context of the underlying genes has not yet been elaborated.
In this study, we analyse a large set of flowers from Salvia species of different geographic origin and use this morphometric framework to address gene expression and phylogenetic analysis of the MADS‐box B‐class gene, GLOBOSA.
We examined expression of GLOBOSA in petals and anthers throughout anthesis for both Salvia pratensis L., as species from Europe, and the American Salvia elegans Vahl. Structural analysis of the B‐class genes reveals typical MADS‐MIKC‐type composition. When we infer phylogenies for GLOBOSA and its binding partner DEFICIENS, we see a genus‐wide duplication of DEFICIENS in Salvia and a specific duplication of GLOBOSA in Salvia species from the New World.
Based on the first description of flowering genes in the genus Salvia, we arrive at a working model, where a duplication of GLOBOSA enabled the intense radiation of New World Salvia by neo‐functionalization of a flower identity gene for morphogenetic control of corolla and anther geometry. We propose that the genus Salvia can be used as paradigm to address the role of EvoDevo for plant speciation.
“Is Lobbying for Losers?”: Corporate Behavior and Canadian Military Procurement Contracting
Authors: Migone Andrea , Chen David , Evans Bryan , Howlett Alex , Howlett Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLobbying is a multi‐faceted phenomenon that involves interest groups and corporations contacting politicians and officials in order to try to achieve their policy preferences. While interest group policy‐related lobbying has received a great deal of attention, studies of corporate contract lobbying are rarer even though this is a much older phenomenon. The article critically examines the commonly‐held position that in the latter case “lobbying is for winners”; that is, that large scale corporate lobbying helps secure contracts that might otherwise have gone to a different firm. It argues instead that firms enjoying technological and other market‐related strengths enjoy an “insider advantage” and lobby less than firms in more competitive situations. In other words that in many situations “lobbying is for losers,” a tool used by weaker firms trying to match or offset the technological and other advantages enjoyed by dominant firms. The article draws on government lobbying registers to examine recent defense‐related procurement efforts in Canada to purchase fighter jets, naval surface ships, patrol vessels, and search and rescue aircraft and the contract lobbying they engendered. Evidence from the four cases provides support for the “loser” thesis with respect to large‐scale technologically advanced goods but also the need to carefully define what constitutes an “inside advantage” allowing firms to forego or delay their lobbying activity, often until only after a contract has been awarded.
Political Origin of High Trust in the Government During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Selective Responsibility Attribution to Opposition Parties and Nonpartisan Experts
Authors: Iseki Tatsuya , Hata Masaki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveIncreased public trust in government and political leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic in various countries coexisted with a mounting backlash against pandemic‐control measures. To clarify this paradox of high trust alongside resistance to control measures, we show that amid the cross‐partisan consensus and increased roles for experts during the pandemic, blame for pandemic‐control measures were attributed to opposition parties and/or nonpartisan experts instead of governing incumbents. Consequently, the backlash against such measures did not erode public trust in governments and political leaders.MethodsUtilizing survey data collected in Japan in 2020, we examined the public response to a de facto stay‐at‐home order and evaluated public trust in the incumbent party, opposition party, and advisory experts in Japan.ResultsAmong governing‐party supporters and independents, dissatisfaction with the stay‐at‐home order did not decrease trust in the incumbent party but did decrease trust in the opposition party and in advisory experts.ConclusionOne reason why public trust in the government remained high during the pandemic is that individuals’ responsibility attribution was biased. The government must clarify the distribution of roles and responsibilities during crises such as pandemics.
Infection‐Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Chaturvedi Mansi , Epling Brian P. , Pei Luxin , Sullivan Brigit , Kuehn Hye Sun , Hammoud Dima A. , Rosenzweig Sergio , Pai Sung‐Yun , Sereti Irini , Freeman Alexandra F. , Cuellar‐Rodriguez Jennifer , Gonzalez Corina E. , Manion Maura 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a well‐recognized complication in people with HIV (PWH) starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), but data on IRIS in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are limited. To address this gap, we conducted a narrative review of the literature on IRIS in HCT recipients, including 21 studies encompassing 53 patients. The majority of reported patients had inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and developed IRIS associated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)‐infection from prior vaccination (“BCG‐IRIS”). The remainder had IRIS linked to other infections, most commonly Aspergillus and Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (“non–BCG‐IRIS”). The median time between transplant and IRIS was 3 months; however, some patients developed IRIS multiple years posttransplant. BCG‐IRIS was predominantly unmasking, while non–BCG‐IRIS was mostly associated with a new infection acquired after HCT alongside immune recovery and/or changes in immunosuppression (“post‐HCT infection IRIS”). Inflammatory biomarkers and tissue pathology were helpful in distinguishing IRIS from uncontrolled infection. Initiation or continuation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in the peri‐transplant period was foremost in the prevention and treatment of IRIS. Use of steroidal and nonsteroidal immunosuppression was common, while surgery was used as an adjunctive measure to infection control. Recrudescence of IRIS symptoms was common with discontinuation or decrease in immunosuppression. About one‐third of the patients were reported to have graft‐versus‐host disease, and the rate of graft failure was 8%. The mortality rate was 15%, with most deaths attributed to superimposed infections. Through this review, we aim to highlight that IRIS is an under‐recognized entity in HCT recipients and future research is needed to explore its pathogenesis, risk factors, and management in this complex patient population.
Coccidioidomycosis Prophylaxis in Liver, Kidney, and Heart Transplant Recipients Residing in Endemic Areas Within the United States
Authors: Morado Faiza , Davoudi Roland , Cartus Rachel , Kawewat‐Ho Pnada , Akkad Apurva , Shaikh Suhail A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients residing in southwestern United States may be at an increased risk of symptomatic coccidioidomycosis (CM). Accordingly, clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of a universal oral azole antifungal prevention strategy for all SOT recipients residing in a CM endemic area. However, this recommendation is based on limited evidence. Our center does not routinely utilize CM azole antifungal prophylaxis for SOT recipients at low risk for de novo CM infection.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of CM with or without CM prophylaxis in Coccidioides seronegative liver, kidney, and heart transplant recipients residing in endemic areas with no documented history of CM at time of transplant.Study DesignA retrospective chart review was performed for SOT recipients who resided in CM endemic areas and received an organ transplant at Keck Hospital of USC between March 2017 and June 2023. Patients receiving CM prophylaxis with fluconazole were compared to patients not receiving CM prophylaxis. The primary end point was incidence of CM infection or asymptomatic seroconversion.ResultsIn our 85‐patient cohort, 18 patients received CM prophylaxis compared to 67 patients who did not. Most patients who received prophylaxis were heart transplant recipients (66.6%). No cases of CM occurred within a median follow‐up period of 2.2 years.ConclusionCM prophylaxis can be considered but may not be warranted for liver and kidney transplant recipients residing in Coccidioides endemic areas who are seronegative for Coccidioides and have no history of CM before transplant.
Diagnostic Imaging Features of Inflammatory Laryngeal Disease in Cats
Authors: Kurihara Manabu , Yoshida Shino , Suematsu Masahiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFeline inflammatory laryngeal disease is a nonneoplastic condition with limited documentation in veterinary literature. This retrospective study assesses the imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes of seven cats diagnosed with this disease. Radiography, echolaryngography, and endoscopy identified laryngeal masses or thickening in all cases. Echolaryngography, utilizing an 18 MHz high‐frequency probe and spatial compounding, revealed abnormalities in shape, margination, echogenicity, echotexture, and laryngeal immobility, closely aligning with endoscopic findings. Histopathology revealed neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, alongside granulation tissue formation. Disease‐related mortality occurred between 19 and 90 days, while long‐term survivors were followed for up to 801 days. The study highlights the difficulty in differentiating inflammatory and neoplastic lesions based on imaging alone, stressing the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Echolaryngography proved to be a valuable noninvasive diagnostic tool, providing detailed insights into laryngeal structure and function. These findings support its integration into routine diagnostic protocols for feline laryngeal disease while emphasizing the critical role of histopathological confirmation. Further research is warranted to refine imaging techniques and improve diagnostic accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.
A comparison of Hochschild homology in algebraic and smooth settings
Authors: Kazhdan David , Solleveld Maarten 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConsider a complex affine variety and a real analytic Zariski‐dense submanifold of . We compare modules over the ring of regular functions on with modules over the ring of smooth complex valued functions on . Under a mild condition on the tangent spaces, we prove that is flat as a module over . From this, we deduce a comparison theorem for the Hochschild homology of finite‐type algebras over and the Hochschild homology of similar algebras over . We also establish versions of these results for functions on (resp. ) that are invariant under the action of a finite group . As an auxiliary result, we show that has finite rank as module over .
Geometry and arithmetic of semi‐arithmetic Fuchsian groups
Authors: Belolipetsky Mikhail , Cosac Gregory , Dória Cayo , Paula Gisele Teixeira 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSemi‐arithmetic Fuchsian groups is a wide class of discrete groups of isometries of the hyperbolic plane which includes arithmetic Fuchsian groups, hyperbolic triangle groups, groups admitting a modular embedding, and others. We introduce a new geometric invariant of a semi‐arithmetic group called stretch. Its definition is based on the notion of the Riemannian center of mass developed by Karcher and collaborators. We show that there exist only finitely many conjugacy classes of semi‐arithmetic groups with bounded arithmetic dimension, stretch and coarea. The proof of this result uses the arithmetic Margulis lemma. We also show that when stretch is not bounded there exist infinite sequences of such groups.
Youden's demon is Sylvester's problem
Authors: Frick Florian , Newman Andrew , Pegden Wesley 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIf four people with Gaussian‐distributed heights stand at Gaussian positions on the plane, the probability that there are exactly two people whose height is above the average of the four is exactly the same as the probability that they stand in convex position; both probabilities are . We show that this is a special case of a more general phenomenon: The problem of determining the position of the mean among the order statistics of Gaussian random points on the real line (Youden's demon problem) is the same as a natural generalization of Sylvester's four point problem to Gaussian points in . Our main tool is the observation that the Gale dual of independent samples in itself can be taken to be a set of independent points (translated to have barycenter at the origin) when the distribution of the points is Gaussian.
Modelling the time‐resolved modulations of cardiac activity in rats: A study on pharmacological autonomic stimulation
Authors: Candia‐Rivera Diego , Carrion‐Falgarona Sofia , de Vico Fallani Fabrizio , Chavez Mario 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAssessing cardiac dynamics over time is essential for understanding cardiovascular health and its parallel patterns of activity with the brain. We present a methodology to estimate the time‐resolved sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations of cardiac dynamics, specifically tailored for the rat heart. To evaluate the performance of our method, we study a dataset comprising spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. These rats were administered dobutamine to elicit autonomic dynamics. The results obtained from our method demonstrated accurate time‐resolved depiction of sympathetic reactivity induced by dobutamine administration. These responses closely resembled the expected autonomic alterations observed during physical exercise conditions, albeit emulated pharmacologically. We further compared our method with standard measures of low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) components, which are commonly used, although debated, for sympathetic and parasympathetic activity estimation. The comparisons with LF and HF measures further confirmed the effectiveness of our method in better capturing autonomic changes in rat cardiac dynamics. Our findings highlight the potential of our adapted method for time‐resolved analysis in future clinical and translational studies involving rodent models. The validation of our approach in animal models opens new avenues for investigating the relationship between ongoing changes in cardiac activity and parallel changes in brain dynamics. Such investigations are crucial for advancing our understanding of the brain–heart connection, particularly in cases involving neurodegeneration, brain injuries and cardiovascular conditions.
imageKey points
We developed a method for time‐resolved estimation of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations in rat cardiac dynamics, validated against standard low‐frequency and high‐frequency measures.
We used a cohort of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar–Kyoto rats, with dobutamine administration to induce autonomic responses.
Our method accurately depicted time‐resolved sympathetic reactivity similar to autonomic changes during physical exercise.
Our findings suggest potential for future clinical and translational studies on the brain–heart connection, particularly in cardiovascular conditions.
First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16)
Authors: Dumaidi Kamal , Al-Jawabreh Amer , Zraiqi Areej , Fashafsha Athar , Dumaidi Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild self‐limited childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses (EVs).Aim: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of EVs associated with HFMD and their clinical presentation during the HFMD outbreak that occurred in the Jenin district, Palestine, from May to August 2024.Materials and Methods: Forty‐four (44) throat and vesicular swabs were tested for enteroviral infections using two RT‐PCR assays targeting both the 5′NTR and the VP1‐2A regions of the enteroviral genome for the diagnosis and genotyping. Patients’ demographic data and clinical history were used to create an epidemiological curve. EpiInfo free software was used to draw a cluster mapping. MEGA‐X was used to construct a maximum likelihood (ML) tree. PopArt 1.7 software was used to construct neighbor‐joining network.Results: The mean age of the study sample was 2.08 (0.25–12 years) with 95% (42/44) under five years old. The male/female ratio was 0.9. All cases presented with typical HFMD signs and symptoms with variable sites of signs. Of the 44 samples, 36 yield positive RT‐PCR targeting the 5′NTR. Seven randomly selected positive RT‐PCR‐5′NTR samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing for genotyping. It was shown that all were CV‐A16 sub‐genogroup B1c. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1‐2A region sequences showed that all Palestinian CV‐A16 isolates form a pure haplogroup of CV‐A16 sub‐genotype B1c. Furthermore, although haplotype network analysis showed high variation between the viral sequences, the haplotype analysis supported the ML phylogenetic tree in having them all in one haplogroup.Conclusion: CV‐A16, sub‐genotype B1c was the virus responsible for the HFMD outbreak in the Jenin district of Palestine in the summer of 2024. Phylogenetic and haplotype analysis showed that CV‐A16 strains cluster closely with each other and very close to an Indian isolate (OR437338.1), indicating the monomorphic nature of this strain with low genetic variation and the probability of virus importation.
Risk Factors for Myasthenic Crisis in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis: A Retrospective Study in Southwest China
Authors: Lin Xue , Chen Hongxi , Wang Xiaofei , Shi Ziyan , Wang Rui , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: February 2025

Background: Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a rare but potentially fatal complication that can significantly worsen the prognosis of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, predicting the occurrence of MC remains challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with MC.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the MG Cohort Database at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2004 to August 2023. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for MC.Results: Among the 1150 patients with MG included in the final analysis, 128 (11.1%) experienced at least one episode of MC. Independent risk factors identified for MC included age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.001), quantitative MG (QMG) score (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.003), MG Foundation of America (MGFA) class at diagnosis (HR: 3.19, 95% CI: 2.38–4.28, p < 0.001), and the presence of thymoma (HR: 3.21, 95% CI: 2.13–4.85, p < 0.001). In contrast, generalized MG (p = 0.891) and the presence of antimuscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies (p = 0.107) did not significantly increase the risk of developing MC.Conclusion: Age, disease severity as indicated by the QMG score and MGFA class at diagnosis, along with thymoma presence were identified as potential predictors for MC in patients diagnosed with MG.