bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves
Authors: Eskandary Mohammad Mahdi , Yazdi Mehdi Hossein , Mahjoubi Ehsan , Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.
New EDM Generator Used for the Machining of 1.2363 and 1.2343ESR Steels
Authors: Mouralova Katerina , Bednar Josef , Benes Libor , Polzer Ales , Zahradnicek Radim , Fries Jiri , Prokes Tomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The basic building block of any electric discharge machine is a generator, which ensures the operation of material separation itself. Not only the erosion rate and electricity consumption but also the quality of the machined surfaces depend on the design of the generator. These key factors for efficient machining have been investigated using a new energy-saving and powerful generator developed for the electric discharge machine (EDM) while machining 1.2363 and 1.2343ESR steels. In order to monitor and model the responses in the form of eroding rate and surface quality, a two-level half-factor experiment was performed with one replication at the corner points and two replications at the central points, for a total of 80 rounds. Both graphite and copper electrodes of sizes 10x10 mm and 100x100 mm were used for eroding and the influence of parameter settings: Open-voltage, Pulse current, Pulse on-time and Pulse off-time was monitored. It was found out that the shape of the electrode and Pulse current have the most significant effect on the erosion rate. The parameters Pulse current, Pulse on-time and their mutual interaction have the most significant effect on the surface topography. Statistically significant factors influencing the occurrence of defects turned out to be Pulse current, Pulse on-time and Material of workpiece, where it can be seen that the material 1.2343ESR is significantly less prone to the formation of surface defects.
Gut-derived Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Alcoholic Hepatosteatosis and Subsequent Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Stimulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Through TLR4
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Xin , Chen Shuo , Wang Jiazhong , Yu Shuo , Li Yiming , Xu Meng , Aboubacar Harouna , Li Junhui , Shan Tao , Wang Jixin , Cao Gang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBinge drinking leads to many disorders, including alcoholic hepatosteatosis, which is characterized by intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and which increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular mechanisms may involve the migration of bacterial metabolites from the gut to the liver and activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). MethodsSerum from both binge drinking and alcohol-avoiding patients was analyzed. Mouse models of chronical plus binge alcohol indued steatosis and HCC models were used. ResultsA marker of NETs formation, lipopolysaccharide, was significantly higher in alcoholic steatosis and HCC patients and mice than in controls. Intrahepatic inflammation markers and HCC-related cytokines were decreased in mice with reduced NET formation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) deletion, and liver-related symptoms of alcohol were also alleviated in NE KO mice. Removal of intestinal bacteria with antibiotics led to decreases in markers of NETs formation and inflammatory cytokines upon chronic alcohol consumption, and genesis of alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC was also attenuated. These functions were restored upon supplementation with the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When mice lacking TLR4 received chronic alcohol feeding, intrahepatic markers of NETs formation decreased, and hepatosteatosis and HCC were alleviated. ConclusionFormation of NETs following LPS stimulation of TLR4 upon chronic alcohol usage leads to increased alcoholic steatosis and subsequent HCC.
Intravenous Maintenance Fluid Therapy in the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Setting: A European Practice Survey. Intravenous Maintenance Fluids in Pediatric Practice: A European Survey
Authors: Morice Claire , Alsohime Fahad , Mayberry Huw , Tume Lyvonne , Brossier David William , Valla Frédéric , Goyer) ESPNIC IVMFT GROUP (Isabelle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The ideal fluid for intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) in acutely and critically ill children is controversial and evidence based clinical practice guidelines are lacking. The current prescribing practices remains unknown.Aim: We aimed to describe the current practices and choice of pediatric acute care clinicians in prescribing IV-MFT in the context of acutely and critically ill children with regards to the amount, tonicity, composition, use of balanced fluid and prescribing strategies in various clinical contexts. Method: A cross-sectional electronic survey was emailed in April-May 2021 to pediatric critical care physicians across European and Middle East countries. The survey instrument was developed by an expert multi-professional panel within ESPNIC. The survey instrument included their practice of prescribing the IV-MFT: indication, amount, tonicity, use of balance solutions & composition of IV-MFT.Results: 154 respondents from 35 European and Middle East countries participated in this survey (response rate 64%). Respondents were staff physicians or nurse practitioners in charge of critically ill children. They all indicated that they routinely use a predefined formula to prescribe the amount of an IV-MFT. The use of balanced solution was preferred in case of altered serum Na and Cl levels or metabolic acidosis. 42% of responders (65/153) believed that balanced solutions should always be used. In terms of the indication and the composition of IV-MFT prescribed, responses were heterogenous among centers. 70% of the respondents (n=107) believed there was a gap between the current practice in their unit and what they considered ideal IV-MFT due to the lack of guidelines and inadequate training of health care professionals.Conclusion: Our study showed considerable variability in clinical prescribing practice of IV-MFT in PICUs across Europe and the middle east. There is an urgent need to develop evidence-based guidelines for IV-MFT prescription in acutely and critically ill children.
Bioinspired Repellent Pipette Tips with Low Retention Properties Prevent Contamination in Handling Biological Samples
Authors: Yousefi Hanie , Shakeri Amid , Kullab Samer , Al-Mfarej Dalya , Rottman Martin , Didar Tohid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cross-contamination of biological samples during handling and preparation, is a major issue in laboratory setups, leading to false-positives or false-negatives. Sample carryover residue in pipette tips contributes greatly to this issue. Most pipette tips on the market are manufactured with hydrophobic polymers that are able to repel high surface tension liquids, yet they lack in performance when low surface tension liquids are involved. This presents an obstacle for pipette tips as inaccuracies and loss in precision arise when low surface tension liquids such as viscous oils are pipetted. Here we propose the use of lubricant-infused surface (LIS) technology to achieve omniphobic properties in pipette tips. Using a versatile and simple design, the inner lumen of commercially available pipette tips was coated with a fluorosilane (FS) layer using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We show that after lubricating the tips through simply pipetting up and down a fluorinated lubricant, the surface free energy of the tips drastically decreased enabling them to attain low retention properties. Contact angle measurements reveals that the treated pipette tips have enhanced omniphobic properties. The repellent behavior of the lubricant-infused pipette tips against physical adsorption is investigated through pipetting a food coloring dye as well as human blood samples and are compared to the untreated tips. The results show significantly less amount carryover residue when the lubricant-infused tips are utilized compared to commercially available ones.
Optimization of Heat Transfer Process in Double Gate MOSFET Using Modified BDE Model
Authors: Ghedira Sami , Nasri Faouzi , Mera Abir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear electrical model is derived and is used to calculate the electric field and the current density. To corroborate our electrical model, it was compared to TCAD simulator. It was shown that the proposed model captures the current density with a good degree of agreement with TCAD simulator. The electrical model is given by the modified Drift-Diffusion (D-D) model coupled with the Ballistic-Diffusive Equation (BDE) which is able to predict the heat transfer phenomenon in the nanoscale regime. The thermal device performance is then investigated by varying device parameters including gate and drain biases with implementation of different gate dielectric to explore its response on thermal characteristics. It was further shown that the proposed electro-thermal model is able to predict the nano heat conduction in (DG) nanostructure devices. In addition, it is shown that the heat flux process could be controlled by adjusting the drain and gate voltages.
Oxidative Stress Induced By The Metallic Oxide The Copper Oxide (Cuo-Nps) On Terrestrial Snail Helix Aspersa
Authors: Maroua Benamara , Amina Amrani , Hadjer Zaidi , Fateh Sedrati , Selma Bouroumana , Dalel Zouzou , Naila Kerkoub , Tayeb Bouarroudj , Hichem Nasri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Our study focused on the evaluation of the toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on a bioindicator; the land snail Helix aspersa. Their effects were studied by a targeted approach in the laboratory, by evaluating the oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatopancreas and kidney (GSH, GST, GPx, CAT, and LPO). The snails were exposed to increasing concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) of CuO-NPs mixed in wheat flour during a sub-chronic treatment period of 45 days. Our results show that: CuO-NPs can induce oxidative stress, by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was confirmed by the decrease in glutathione (GSH) level and reduction of its metabolizing enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in both organs, as they trigger the detoxification system resulting in increased activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase defense enzyme and lipide peroxidation indices within the hepatopancreas.
Anthranilate Derivative Inhibits Glutamate Release and Glutamate Excitotoxicity In Rats
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yu , Lu Cheng-Wei , Hsieh Pei-Wen , Chiu Kuan-Ming , Lee Ming-Yi , Wang Su-Jane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The neurotransmitter glutamate plays an essential role in excitatory neurotransmission; however, excessive glutamate leads to excitotoxicity, which is the most common pathogenic feature of numerous brain disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of butyl 2-[2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetamido]benzoate (HFP034), a synthesized anthranilate derivative, in the central glutamatergic system. We used rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes to examine the effect of HFP034 on glutamate release. In addition, we used a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced glutamate excitotoxicity to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of HFP034. We showed that HFP034 inhibited 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced glutamate release from the synaptosomes, and this inhibition was abolished in the absence of extracellular calcium. HFP034-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was associated with a decreased 4-AP-evoked Ca2+ level elevation, and had no effect on synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibitory effect of HFP034 on evoked glutamate release was suppressed by blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, HFP034 inhibited the phosphorylation of PKC and its substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), in the synaptosomes. We also observed that HFP034 pretreatment reduced neuronal death, glutamate concentration, glial activation, and the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, calpains, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 in the hippocampus of KA-injected rats. We concluded that HFP034 is a neuroprotective agent that prevents glutamate excitotoxicity, and we suggest that this effect involves the inhibition of presynaptic glutamate release by suppressing P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels and PKC/MARCKS pathways.
Whole-Genome Resequencing of Wild and Cultivated Cannabis Reveals the Genetic Structure and Adaptive Selection of Important Traits
Authors: Chen Xuan , Guo Hong-Yan , Zhang Qing-Ying , Wang Lu , Guo Rong , Zhan Yi-Xun , Lv Pin , Xu Yan-Ping , Guo Meng-Bi , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Kun , Liu Yan-Hu , Yang Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Cannabis is an important industrial crop, whose bast fiber, seed, flowers and leaves are widely used by humans，especially cannabinoids extracted from plants as medicine is a hot spot in recent years. China is one of the origins of cannabis, where it has been cultivated and utilized for more than 6000 years, with the largest planting area of industrial hemp at present. China is rich in cannabis germplasm resources covering different latitudes (23 to 51°N) and is one of the few countries with wild cannabis resources. However, the genetic structure of Chinese cannabis populations and the adaptive selection of important traits remain unclear.Results: We identified the main morphological and physiological characteristics of wild cannabis and defined the genetic structure and relationships among wild and cultivated Chinese cannabis accessions and foreign representatives. This suggested that wild resources in Xinjiang have played an important role in the process of cannabis domestication. Adaptive selection analysis revealed that cultivated cannabis has undergone selective evolution or adaptation in flowering, growth and stress tolerance, and many functional genes were identified. Flowering characteristics analysis implied that wild cannabis is native to high latitudes and possesses the typical characteristic of early flowering, while cultivated cannabis has undergone a process of adaptive evolution to adjust to natural photoperiod conditions in different latitudes through regulation of FT-like expression.Conclusion: This study clarifies the genetic structure of Chinese cannabis and provides insight into adaptive selection and breeding in cannabis.
Association Between Monocyte Levels and Breast Lump Detected By Ultrasound Among Chinese Women: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gao Ying , Li Shu , Wei Wei , Jin Yujing , You Junfang , Xu Xiaoqian , Sun Shaomei , Liu Li , Zhang Qing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Few studies have focused on the relationship between monocyte and breast lump. To explore whether absolute monocyte count (AMC) or monocyte percent (%MONO) could be used as a new circulation tumor marker for breast lump detection by ultrasonography among Chinese women.
Methods
A total of 3,231 women who had at least two breast ultrasonography examinations were followed up from January 2014 to December 2019. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between AMC and %MONO and the incidence of breast lump.
Results
During a total of 6,037 person-years of follow-up, 803 participants developed a breast lump. In the final multivariable adjusted models, using the lowest quartile as the reference group, the HRs (95%CIs) of breast lump were 1.18 (0.95, 1.45), 1.33 (1.08, 1.65), and 1.28 (1.02, 1.61), respectively, for AMC in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles (Ptrend < 0.001). The corresponding HRs (95%CIs) for %MONO in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles were 1.03 (0.83, 1.28), 1.28 (1.03, 1.29), and 1.62 (1.30, 2.02, Ptrend< 0.001), respectively. The multivariable adjusted HRs for breast lump per unit increase of AMC and %MONO were 3.19 (1.38, 7.38; P = 0.007) and 1.14 (1.08, 1.21; P < 0.001), respectively. The effect of high monocyte levels on increased risks of breast lump were more remarkable in younger women.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that increased monocyte levels can be used as an indicator of the incidence of breast lump, especially for younger women.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Geriatric Depression Scale Into Igbo Language: A Validation Study
Authors: Mgbeojedo Ukamaka Gloria , Akosile Christopher Olusanjo , Ezugwu Juliet Chidera , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , John Nene Jeneviv , Ani Kenneth Umezulike , Okezue Obinna Chinedu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Late-life experiences such as protracted and indisposing medical disorders can negatively impact older adults’ psychological and mental health, making them vulnerable to depression. Majority of the assessment tools for depression were developed for use in western countries. There is therefore need for availability of culture- and environment- specific tools for assessment of depression in low and middle income countries. This study was designed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) into Igbo Language and culture. Methods: The English version of the GDS-15 was translated into Igbo language; synthesized, back-translated, and underwent expert panel review, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview, according to Beaton’s guideline. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 was tested for concurrent and structural validities and internal consistency among consecutively recruited 140 consenting older adults (62.9% females) in Enugu North Senatorial District, at 0.05 level of significance.Results: The English version of the GDS-15 was successfully cross-culturally adapted to Igbo with all the 15 items still retained on the Igbo version of the GDS-15. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 exhibited the same structure as the English version. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 has Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.53. The correlation between the participants’ total scores on the Igbo and the English versions of the GDS-15 (rho = 0.86) was excellent. There was no significant difference between corresponding scores in the English and Igbo versions of the GDS-15 (p = 0.89).Conclusions: The Igbo version of the GDS-15 is a valid and culturally specific instrument, and can be used for assessing depression among Igbo older adults in Nigeria.
Examining Infant and Young children feeding (IYCF) practice and its determinant factors among mothers who gave birth in the last two years, Ethiopia
Authors: Chimdessa Ayana Fite 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The first two years of life are critical stages for a child’s growth and development. However, globally, 60% of the infant and young child deaths reported due to inappropriate infant feeding practices and infectious disease, where two-thirds of these deaths are attributable to sub-optimal breastfeeding practices. Methods and materials-community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from February to March 2020 in Jima Rare district, Ethiopia. The stratified sampling and simple random sampling were employed to recruit participants into the study. Data was collected by using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. And data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results- The actual feeding practice style among the respondents had been assessed by using eight core indicators of infant and child feeding practice of the WHO. The finding revealed that (initiated breastfeeding within one-hour after birth 78%), (66.7% and 33.4% exclusive breastfeeding at 6 and 4-5months), respectively. About 11.8% of mothers continued breastfeeding at 2 years. About 33.4% and 66.7% of mothers started introducing solid, semi-solid or soft foods at 4 to 5 months at 6 months and above), respectively. The overall, proportion of children age 6- 23 months who met minimum meal frequency and dietary diversity accounts for 51.2%, 49.9% respectively. About half proportion (49.9%) of children age 6- 23 months fit for the minimum acceptable diet. The multivariate analysis finding shows that mothers who gave birth at health institutions, get help from their husband, had received practical support of IYCF practices, counseling during ANC and/or PNC visit and households who have agricultural land and radio were more likely to carryout appropriate IYCF practices than their comparable groups. Conclusion-the result suggests that the overall appropriate infant and young child feeding practice was low. Hence, initiatives and interventions should focus on advocacy for institutional delivery, counselling and practical support for IYCF practice. Special attention needs to be given for young and illiterate mothers. Moreover, attention need to address to empower women to have autonomy of decision-making and control power over assets to support them for appropriate IYCF practices.
Forms of application of silicon in quinoa and mechanisms involved in the association between productivity with grain biofortification
Authors: Lata-Tenesaca Luis Felipe , Prado Renato de Mello , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia , Silva Dalila Lopes da , Silva José Lucas Farias da , Ajila-Celi Gabriela Eugenia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiple aspects of the physiological and nutritional mechanisms involved with silicon (Si) absorption by quinoa plants remain poorly investigated, as well as the best way of supplying this element to crops. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating whether the application of Si increases its uptake by quinoa plants and consequently the use efficiency of N and P, as well as the levels of phenolic compounds in the shoots, crop productivity and the biofortification of grains. For this purpose, the concentration of 3 mmol L-1 of Si was tested, according to the following procedures: foliar application (F), root application in the nutrient solution (R), combined Si application via nutrient solution and foliar spraying (F+R), and no Si application (0). The provision of Si through the leaves and roots promoted the highest uptake of the element by the plant, which resulted in an increased use efficiency of N and P. Consequently, such a higher uptake favored the productivity of grains. The optimal adoption of the application of Si through leaves and roots promoted the highest Si concentration and ascorbic acid (AsA) content in quinoa grains. Combining root and leaf application of Si was the best way to supply this nutrient, as it increased the use efficiency of N and P, and favored both the productivity and biofortification of quinoa grains with Si and AsA.