bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antihypersensitivity effect of betanin (red beetroot extract) via modulation of microglial activation in a mouse model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Kwankaew Nichakarn , Okuda Hiroaki , Aye‐Mon Aye , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Hori Kiyomi , Sonthi Phattarapon , Kozakai Yu , Ozaki Noriyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain (NeP) medications have several side effects that affect NeP patients' quality of life. Betanin, the most common betacyanin pigment, has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties in vivo; thus, it has potential as a healthcare treatment. In this study, we focused on betanin (red beetroot extract) as a potential therapy for NeP.MethodsMice model of NeP were made by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the development of mechanical hypersensitivity was confirmed using the von Frey test. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were assessed using open field tests and rotarod tests, respectively. The expression level of glial markers in the spinal cords was analyzed by immunostaining. The direct effects of betanin on microglial cells were investigated using primary cultured microglial cells.ResultsIn CCI model mice, repeated betanin treatment, both intraperitoneally and orally, attenuated developing mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose‐dependent manner without impairing motor coordination. Betanin treatment also attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity that had developed and prevented the onset of mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI mice. Microglial activation in the spinal cord is known to play a key role in the development of NeP; betanin treatment reduced CCI‐induced microglial activation in the spinal cord of model mice. Moreover, in primary microglia cultured cells, the activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide application was suppressed by betanin treatment.ConclusionBetanin treatment appears to ameliorate mechanical hypersensitivity related to CCI‐induced NeP in mice by inhibiting microglial activation.SignificanceThis article supports findings of the effect of betanin on NeP and provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NeP. Furthermore, elucidating the underlying mechanism of the effect of betanin on microglial activation could assist the development of new treatments for chronic pain.
Photoelectrochemical Cytosensors
Authors: Xu Yi‐Tong , Zhang Tian‐Yang , Li Zheng , Liu Xiang‐Nan , Zhu Yuan‐Cheng , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) cytosensors, a combination of the PEC process and the living‐cell assay, have emerged as a powerful tool in the analytical and biological science. This mini review provides a brief introduction of this arena and summaries the key steps about the development of PEC cytosensors with representative examples, followed by future prospects based on our own opinions.
Enhanced Conversion Efficiency of Monocrystalline P‐Type Passivated Emitter and Rear Cells in Commercial Production Line by Improving Rear Side Passivation
Authors: Pu Tian , Shen Honglie , Hong Neoh Kuang , Ye Fei , Tang Quntao 
Published: May 2021

An industrially proven method for increasing cell efficiency of monocrystalline P‐type PERC cells is reported, whereby a layer of silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride (SiO
x
/SiO
x
N
y
) is sandwiched between aluminum oxide (AlO
x
) and silicon nitride (SiN
x
) in the rear passivation stack, forming an AlO
x
+ SiO
x
/SiO
x
N
y
+ SiN
x
structure. This additional layer will theoretically improve the rear side optical and electrical properties for the cell. By adjusting the flow ratio of N2O:NH3, SiO
x
/SiO
x
N
y
with different refractive indices were fabricated. Optimization of the SiO
x
film thickness showed a 0.11% efficiency gain in monofacial P‐type PERC cells because of higher short‐circuit current (I
sc) and fill factor (FF), whereas optimization of the SiO
x
N
y
film refractive index showed a 0.05% efficiency gain in bifacial P‐type PERC cells due to the improvement of I
sc and FF too. The current gain is believed to be benefited from the optimized light‐absorbing performance of the composite passivation layer structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the refractive index of the SiN
x
capping layer had to be tuned after the incorporation of SiO
x
/SiO
x
N
y
to improve the cell efficiency.
Investigation on pressure pulsation and modal behavior of the impeller in a nuclear reactor coolant pump
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Zhao Xinwei , Pei Lin , Li Hongkun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs the unique rotating component, the impeller is the core component of a nuclear reactor coolant pump (RCP), the dynamic properties of the impeller are critical for the safe operation of the whole reactor. The purpose of this study was to shed comprehensive light on the pressure pulsation and modal properties of a scaled RCP impeller via experimental and numerical methods. The numerical model was validated by an experiment connecting the pressure pulsation signals at the diffuser inlet, and a good agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results. Pressure pulsation acting on the impeller's blade is mainly dominated by the impeller rotating frequency, the vane passing frequency, and the double blade‐passing frequency, and the pressure pulsation acting on the blade's pressure surface is more intense than on the suction surface. The modal properties were obtained via the modal test and numerical methods with the impeller suspended as a free body in the air and submerged inside water. The reduction in the impeller natural frequencies was between 31.63% and 37.77% for the corresponding mode shape due to the added mass effect of the fluid. Based on the pressure pulsation characteristics acting on the impeller and the natural frequency of the impeller, it is considered there is no risk of resonance in the impeller. Finally, it is expected that the present work can provide scientific guidance to avoid hydraulic resonance in nuclear reactor coolant pumps.
A centralized hybrid routing model for multicontroller SD‐WANs
Authors: Ghosh Saptarshi , Iqbal Muddesar , Dagiuklas Tasos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing complexity of contemporary mobile and application‐centric networks is pushing traditional WAN architectures to its limit. Due to the rise of Cloud‐based services and edge‐computing, the intersite data transfer volume in enterprise networks is rising rapidly. Moreover, enterprises are tending to integrate several communication technologies such as broadband, LTE, MPLS, and so forth for a high‐available dynamic WAN connectivity, which a traditional WAN does not support natively. Additionally, its distributed computing model results in the control‐plane traffic to consume a significant amount of backhaul bandwidth. Software‐defined WAN (SD‐WAN) is a generation shift that adapts the centralized model of SDN to WAN that fills the bottlenecks of its predecessor. It provides over twice the bandwidth having the same backhaul with more manageability, autonomy, and security of the network. In this article, we propose a hybrid routing model for multicontroller SD‐WANs that computes all‐possible routes proactively and serve them on‐demand. The proposed model results in a rapid convergence across the edge devices. The article further discusses the synchronization mechanism among several controllers and a test‐bed implementation to conduct the experiments.
Signal to interference plus noise ratio improvement of a multi‐cell indoor visible light communication system through optimal parameter selection complying lighting constraints
Authors: Chatterjee Sourish , Sabui Deblina , Khan Gufran S. , Roy Biswanath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo achieve improved communication and illumination performances of a multi‐cell indoor visible light communication system, the selection of transmitter configuration and receiver's field of view (FoV) play a critical role. Based on multiple criteria decision modeling, a design‐centric methodology is proposed in this paper to determine the optimal transmitter configuration and receiver's FoV under lighting constraints. These optimal parameter selections are instrumental to obtain a highly uncorrelated channel, thus significantly mitigate both co‐channel interference from the neighboring transmitter and intersymbol interference due to multipath reflection. The implication for the optimum selection is explored using two communication and two lighting (Eavg, UO) performance indicating metrics. For a typical indoor scenario, three different transmitter arrangements with varying half‐power beam‐width are considered as alternatives. Furthermore, the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is tested over the communication floor (CF) by a simple receiver structure with a single photodiode. Incorporating the optimal transmitter configuration and receiver's FoV, 36.13 dB average SINR and 345 lx average horizontal illuminance is achieved. Analytically obtained SINR is also validated using a commercial ray tracing optical software for different positions over the CF. In comparison with the state of the art non‐optimal and sub‐optimal solutions, the proposed scheme, without real‐time computational complexity exhibits noteworthy improvement in SINR performance at expense of a trivial drop in overall uniformity of horizontal illuminance.
On the ergodic sum rate for multisource multidestination unmanned aerial vehicle relaying
Authors: Dan Zhenlei , Lin Min , Liu Xiaoyu , Ouyang Jian , Zhu Wei‐Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay system has received significant attention in future wireless communications. In this article, the ergodic sum rate of a multisource multidestination UAV relaying is investigated. Here, an UAV with multiple antennas is deployed as an aerial relay using threshold‐based decode‐and‐forward protocol to assist signal transmission from multiple sources to their intended destinations simultaneously. By considering the effect of path loss, we first obtain the output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio expression for the considered system. Then, we propose a statistical channel state information based beamforming (SCSI‐BF) scheme to maximize the system ergodic sum rate, where both of the uplink and downlink channels are subject to correlated Rayleigh fading. Furthermore, we derive the analytical expression for the ergodic sum rate of the considered system with the SCSI‐BF scheme. Finally, numerical results are given to demonstrate the superiority of the SCSI‐BF scheme and the validity of the theoretical analysis, and show the impact of various parameters on the system performance.
Genetic variation for adaptive traits is associated with polymorphic inversions inLittorina saxatilis
Authors: Koch Eva L. , Morales Hernán E. , Larsson Jenny , Westram Anja M. , Faria Rui , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon E. Moriarty , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChromosomal inversions have long been recognized for their role in local adaptation. By suppressing recombination in heterozygous individuals, they can maintain coadapted gene complexes and protect them from homogenizing effects of gene flow. However, to fully understand their importance for local adaptation we need to know their influence on phenotypes under divergent selection. For this, the marine snail Littorina saxatilis provides an ideal study system. Divergent ecotypes adapted to wave action and crab predation occur in close proximity on intertidal shores with gene flow between them. Here, we used F2 individuals obtained from crosses between the ecotypes to test for associations between genomic regions and traits distinguishing the Crab-/Wave-adapted ecotypes including size, shape, shell thickness, and behavior. We show that most of these traits are influenced by two previously detected inversion regions that are divergent between ecotypes. We thus gain a better understanding of one important underlying mechanism responsible for the rapid and repeated formation of ecotypes: divergent selection acting on inversions. We also found that some inversions contributed to more than one trait suggesting that they may contain several loci involved in adaptation, consistent with the hypothesis that suppression of recombination within inversions facilitates differentiation in the presence of gene flow.
Learning reduced‐order dynamics for parametrized shallow water equations from data
Authors: Yıldız Süleyman , Goyal Pawan , Benner Peter , Karasözen Bülent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses a non‐intrusive data‐driven model order reduction method that learns low‐dimensional dynamical models for a parametrized shallow water equation. We consider the shallow water equation in non‐traditional form (NTSWE). We focus on learning low‐dimensional models in a non‐intrusive way. That means, we assume not to have access to a discretized form of the NTSWE in any form. Instead, we have snapshots that can be obtained using a black‐box solver. Consequently, we aim at learning reduced‐order models only from the snapshots. Precisely, a reduced‐order model is learnt by solving an appropriate least‐squares optimization problem in a low‐dimensional subspace. Furthermore, we discuss computational challenges that particularly arise from the optimization problem being ill‐conditioned. Moreover, we extend the non‐intrusive model order reduction framework to a parametric case, where we make use of the parameter dependency at the level of the partial differential equation. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed non‐intrusive method to construct reduced‐order models for NTSWE and compare it with an intrusive method (proper orthogonal decomposition). We furthermore discuss the predictive capabilities of both models outside the range of the training data.
Effect of propolis supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, inflammation, and oxidative stress following intense exercise: A triple‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Soleimani Davood , Miryan Mahsa , Hadi Vahid , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid , Moludi Jalal , Sayedi Sayed Mazaher , Bagherniya Mohammad , Askari Gholamreza , Nachvak Seyyed Mostafa , Sadeghi Ehsan , Rashidi Ali Ashraf , Hadi Saeid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that propolis as a novel potential antioxidant has unique benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis on oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and athletic performance in healthy active subjects.MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted on 54 male military cadets. Eligible subjects were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of 450 mg propolis twice daily for four weeks or a matching placebo containing microcrystalline cellulose. Cooper 12‐min run test and running‐based anaerobic sprint test were performed to measure aerobic and anaerobic performance. Blood samples were obtained immediately after Cooper's test to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammation status. Fat mass and fat‐free mass were analyzed using bioelectrical impedance.ResultsMean changes in fat mass, fat‐free mass, anaerobic powers, fatigue index, and VO2 max did not differ significantly between the two groups after the adjustment for baseline values (P‐value>0.05). A significant change was observed in plasma levels of IL‐6 (−1.43 ± 0.11pg/mL), total oxidant status (−3.9 ± 0.2µmol/L), total antioxidant capacity (164 ± 12 µmol/L), malondialdehyde (−0.52 ± 0.03µmol/L), oxidative stress index (−0.45 ± 0.04), and glutathione (48.72±2µmol/L) in the propolis group compared with the placebo group after the adjustment for baseline values and weight changes (P‐value<0.05). Although IL‐10 concentrations had no significant changes in both groups, the ratio of IL‐6/IL‐10 significantly reduced in the propolis group compared with the placebo group (−0.174 ± 0.015 versus. 0.051 ± 0.014; P‐value: 0.041).ConclusionsOur results indicated that propolis might have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammation following intense activities in healthy male subjects.
Inequality in life expectancies across Europe and the US
Authors: Boháček Radim , Bueren Jesús , Crespo Laura , Mira Pedro , Pijoan‐Mas Josep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use harmonized household panel data from Europe and the US and a three‐state survival model to provide comparable measurements of education and gender inequalities in total, healthy, and unhealthy life expectancies at age 50. Common across countries, the education advantage in total life expectancy is larger for males but the education advantage in (fewer) unhealthy years is larger for females. Counterfactual decompositions show that these results arise because the education advantage in conditional survival rates is relatively more important for males, while the education advantage in better health transitions is relatively more important for females. Across countries, the US stands out with the largest education gradient in healthy life expectancy.
Impact of anatomic site of distant metastasis on survival in salivary gland cancers
Authors: Turchan William Tyler , Korpics Mark C. , Rooney Michael , Koshy Matthew , Spiotto Michael T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs exemplified in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), metastatic salivary gland cancers display heterogenous behavior. Although anatomic site of metastasis has been suggested to be prognostic for survival in this population, this is not adequately characterized in the current literature.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database (NCDB), patients with newly diagnosed metastatic salivary gland cancers with distant metastasis to a single organ were identified.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐eight patients (n = 284 bone‐only, n = 322 lung‐only, n = 252 other‐site‐only) were identified. Anatomic site of distant metastasis was not associated with survival in the cohort as a whole; however, on pre‐planned subgroup analysis, lung‐only metastasis, relative to bone‐only metastasis, was the only factor associated with improved survival in patients with ACC (HR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.30–0.93, p = 0.029).ConclusionsAnatomic site of metastasis is strongly associated with survival in patients with metastatic ACC and should be considered in future studies aiming to optimize therapy in this population.
Geographical distribution and prevalence of mental disorders among healthcare workers in China: A cross‐sectional country‐wide survey
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Chen Danni , Chen Yuntao , Wang Nan , Lyv Chao , Li Yao , Jie Junqin , Zhou Taiqi , Li Yongbin , Zhou Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundReliable and detailed nationwide data on the prevalence and distribution of mental disorders among healthcare workers in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak are scarce.MethodsWe did a cross‐sectional online survey from March 2 to 2 April 2020 and a total of 19,379 healthcare workers from 25 provinces participated. Depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7) and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), respectively.ResultsThe age‐standardized prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD was 15.5%, 12.7% and 5.2%, respectively. Frontline workers had higher prevalence estimates than non‐frontline workers (depression: 18.2% vs. 13.9%; anxiety: 14.7% vs. 11.6%; PTSD: 6.1% vs. 4.6%). Subgroups who were nurses, were married or had dependent children reported higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Despite of the large variations, the prevalence of mental disorders was lowest in East China, followed by Middle China, and highest in West China.ConclusionHealthcare workers faced enormous stress not only from the direct risk presented by the COVID‐19 outbreak, but also from the profound changes in their professional practice. Prevalence of adverse psychological outcomes has a significant association with geographically distribution of health resources and regional economic level. Sufficient medical resource may be a protective factor to mental health condition of healthcare personnel when such a public health emergency happened.
Effects of streamflow isotope sampling strategies on the calibration of a tracer‐aided rainfall‐runoff model
Authors: Stevenson Jamie Lee , Birkel Christian , Neill Aaron J. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsotopes are increasingly used in rainfall‐runoff models to constrain conceptualisations of internal catchment functioning and reduce model uncertainty. However, there is little guidance on how much tracer data is required to adequately do this, and different studies use data from different sampling strategies. Here, we used a 7‐year time series of daily stable water isotope samples of precipitation and streamflow to derive a range of typical stream sampling regimes and investigate how this impacts calibration of a semi‐distributed tracer‐aided model in terms of flow, deuterium and flux age simulations. Over the 7 years weekly sampling facilitated an almost identical model performance as daily, and there were only slight deteriorations in performance for fortnightly sampling. Monthly sampling resulted in poorer deuterium simulations and greater uncertainty in the derived parameter sets ability to accurately represent catchment functioning, evidenced by unrealistic reductions in the volumes of water available for mixing in the saturation area causing simulated water age decreases. Reducing sampling effort and restricting data collection to 3 years caused reductions in the accuracy of deuterium simulation, though the deterioration did not occur if sampling continued for 5 years. Analysis was also undertaken to consider the effects of reduced sampling effort over the driest and wettest hydrological years to evaluate effects of more extreme conditions. This showed that the model was particularly sensitive to changes in sampling during dry conditions, when the catchment hydrological response is most non‐linear. Across all dataset durations, sampling in relation to flow conditions, rather than time, revealed that samples collected at flows >Q50 could provide calibration results comparable to daily sampling. Targeting only extreme high flows resulted in poor deuterium and low flow simulations. This study suggests sufficient characterization of catchment functioning can be obtained through reduced sampling effort over longer timescales and the targeting of flows >Q50.
Rapid groundwater circulation inferred from temporal water dynamics and isotopes in an arid system
Authors: Tan Hongbing , Zhang Yu , Rao Wenbo , Guo Hongye , Ta Wanquan , Lu Shicheng , Cong Peixin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArid basins in the alpine‐cold area have their unique environmental settings and special groundwater circulation system. Sources, components and their variation of recharge processes for most rivers and groundwater of seasonal scale are still unknown in response to climate warming. Stable H and O isotopes were sampled monthly in river water and groundwater, and water table fluctuations were monitored over a complete seasonal cycle from dry to wet season conditions in the Nalenggele River catchment in the western Qaidam Basin, China. The primary objectives of our study were to demonstrate and explain the mechanism governing the rapid circulation in the groundwater system. Distinct seasonal fluctuations in the water table with corresponding stable isotopic variations can be observed in the alluvial fan of the Nalenggele River catchment. The recharge mechanism is related to the coincidence of several favourable hydrological conditions including an abundant recharge water source from summer precipitation and glacial snow melt in the high Kunlun Mountains, large‐scale active faults, a volcanic crater, and other macro‐structures that act as favourable recharge conduits, a large hydraulic head, and the presence of >100 m of unconsolidated sand and gravel acting as the main aquifer. Abundant and rapid renewable groundwater resources are potential water sources for future development in the Qaidam Basin.