bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History of Social Movements in the Vyatka Province during Alexander II’s Great Reforms
Authors: Судовиков М.С. 
Published: July 2021

В статье характеризуются социально-экономические и культурные изменения, происходившие в России в период Великих реформ Александра II на примере Вятской губернии, располагавшейся на северо-востоке европейской части страны. Раскрываются вопросы ре-гиональных особенностей реализации Великих реформ, участия в преобразованиях населения губернии. Приводятся историко-биографические описания, связанные с личностями М. М. Синцова, А. А. Красовского, П. А. Зубова, П. В. Алабина, характеризуется отношение к ним властей и местного населения. Констатируется, что в 1860–1870-х годах в Вятской губернии активизировалось общественное движение, жители губернии столкнулись с пропагандой политических идей либерального и революционно-демократического толка, что также являлось веянием новой эпохи. Общественный подъем, рост самосознания ярко проявились в работе открытых в Вятской губернии общественных организаций и учреждений культуры, затронули представителей разных слоев населения. В результате реформ 1860–1870-х годов в стране закладывались основы для формирования качественно нового российского социума.
The article characterizes social, economic and cultural transformations in Russia during Alexander II’s Great Reforms at the example of the Vyatka province situated in the north-east of the European part of the Russian Empire. The article focuses on regional peculiarities of the implementation of the Great Reforms and discuses the issues of local people’s involvement in reform implementation. The article provides historical and biographical data associated with M. M. Sintsov, A. A. Krasovsky, P. A. Zubov, P. V. Alabin, it describes their relationship with local authorities and people. The article states that in the 1860s–1870s, liberal, democratic and revolutionary ideas were advertised to the citizens of the Vyatka province, which marked the beginning of a new era. The enhancement of social and national awareness was obvious in the work of social and cultural organizations of the Vyatka province and affected the lives of different social strata. The reforms of the 1860s-1870s served as the basis for a qualitatively new Russian society.
Khadija Mirza Agasi, an Unrecognized Genius?
Authors: Никонов О.А. 
Published: July 2021

В статье анализируются государственные реформы в Иране, предпринятые хаджа Мирза Агаси на посту главы иранского правительства, и роль первого визиря в модернизации страны. Автор приходит к выводу, что большая часть начинаний главы правительства оказалась нереализованной не из-за бездарности предложенных мероприятий, а из-за пассивности иранской элиты и нежелания феодальных кругов Ирана менять устоявшиеся нормы общественно-экономической жизни страны. Усилия первого министра, направленные на укрепление основ иранской государственности, суверенитета и защиты национальных интересов от агрессивных устремлений Российской империи и Великобритании, потребовали от хаджа Мирзы Агаси принятия непростых, а зачастую и непопулярных решений, что сказалось на восприятии его деятельности широкими кругами отечественной и иностранной исторической науки как исключительно вредных для Ирана. Анализ архивных документов показывает, что в условиях крайне стесненных возможностей первый министр оказался способен не только противостоять внешнему давлению, но и пытаться запустить процесс модернизации всего хозяйственного механизма Ирана, что легло в основу последующих реформ середины XIX веке. Широта взглядов, готовность следовать прагматичному курсу, способность отказаться от узко-клановых и узко-религиозных стереотипов во имя процветания страны сделали хаджа Мирзу Агаси видным государственным деятелем Ирана первой половины XIX века, незаслуженно забытого в научных кругах. Автор считает, что потенциалы реформ, предложенных первым визирем, вполне могли вывести Иран из состояния застоя и внешней зависимости от иностранных империй.
The article analyzes Iranian reforms undertaken by the khadija Mirza Agasi as the leader of the Iranian government. It also investigates the role the first vizier played in the modernization of the country. The author concludes that the majority of reforms initiated by the leader remained unimplemented not because of their mediocre character but because of the passive nature of Iranian elite and feudal representatives’ desire to hinder social and economic innovations. The efforts of the first minister were aimed at the fortification of Iranian nationhood and sovereignty. The minister tried to thwart Russian and British aggression, he had to take difficult and often unpopular decisions, which explains why Russian and foreign historians believe his actions to be detrimental to Iran. The analysis of archival materials shows that having limited resources the first minster managed to resist external pressure and attempted to renovate the Iranian economy, which served as a basis for the reforms of the mid-19th century. The minister’s broad-mindedness, his readiness to work on pragmatic goals, his ability to discard social and religious stereotypes for the benefit of the country earned Mirza Agasi the fame of a prominent Iranian statesman of the early 19th century. The author of the article believes that the minister, whose achievements are unfairly neglected by historians, could steer Iran out of stagnation and external subordination.
Lower genital tract infections in preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor: a case-control study from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Huy Vu , Le Hung Nam , Ton Nu Van Anh , Nguyen Nguyen Dac , Le Minh Tam 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the incidence of lower genital infections and related factors in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm labor.
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted on pregnant women who were admitted to the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam between November 2017 and May 2019. Cases from 22 to 36 gestational weeks were included as group 1 (patients with preterm labor and intact membranes) or as group 2 (those with PPROM). The control group included women with singleton pregnancies who were matched on gestational age and recruited concurrently with the study cases. Gram stain was perfomed to identify Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, mobiluncus, Candida, and leucocytes. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected by wet mount. Cultures of vaginal secretions and aminotic fluid were performed to identify aerobic bacteria.
Results: Bacterial vaginosis was higher in group 1 (28.9%) compared to control (11.4%). The incidence of isolated aerobic bacteria was 44.1% in group 2, 11.1% in group 1, and 12.7% in the control group (p < 0.001). Fungal infection was not shown to be a risk factor for preterm labor (p = 0.990), whereas, bacterial vaginosis was (OR = 3.16; 95%CI = 1.23-8.15; p = 0.016). Isolated aerobic bacteria were associated with premature rupture of membranes (OR = 5.45; 95%CI = 2.11-14.05; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Bacteria vaginosis increased the risk of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Isolated aerobic bacteria were related to PPROM, while fungal infection was not associated with preterm labor.
Big Concern for Public Health: Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones
Authors: Sadeeq Tara , Arikan Ayse , Sanlidag Tamer , Guler Emrah , Suer Kaya 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Mobile phones are dynamic source of microorganisms in households and professional settings. The aim was to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of the mobile phones, identify bacterial isolates, assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and define the efficiency of using disinfectant.
Methodology: This study included 233 dental students from Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry. Swab samples taken from mobile phones before and after disinfection were inoculated onto 5% sheep blood medium and eosin methylene blue medium and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Mold-growing mix cultures were sub-cultured on the sabouraud dextrose medium and allowed to grow at room temperature. Conventional microbiological techniques and VITEK 2 automated identification system were used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were verified by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to the European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Committee criteria. Mold colonies were identified macroscopic and microscopically according to their phenotypic properties using lacto-phenol cotton blue stain.
Results: Microbial contamination of mobile phones was 81% (120.953 cfu/ml) in swab samples taken without using alcohol-based wipes however, microbial contamination in swab samples taken after one-time disinfection was determined to be 21% (201 cfu/ml). The most common microorganisms isolated were coagulase negative Staphylococci (69%) and Aspergillus niger (13%). All of the isolated bacteria were susceptible to all antibiotics used.
Conclusions: This study represents the first data on the rate of microbial contamination on mobile phones in Northern Cyprus and the efficiency of the use of alcohol to disinfect the mobile phones.
The effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence genes expression
Authors: Abdelraheem Wedad Mahmoud , Mohamed Ebtisam S 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Due to increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, infectious diseases remain a public health problem worldwide. The current study was designed to examine the effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–np) against the biofilm formation ability of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates and to study its effect on the expression level of the genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence factors production.
Methodology: The MIC of ZnO–np against P. aeruginosa was determined by the broth micro dilution method. The effect of ZnO–np on the biofilm-forming isolates of P. aeruginosa was monitored by the microtiter plate method. P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for the expression of different biofilm and virulence genes using real-time rt-PCR.
Results: ZnO–np significantly down-regulated the expression level of all biofilm and virulence genes of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates except the toxA gene.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the promising use of ZnO–np as an anti-biofilm and anti-virulence compound.
The need for a new set of measures to assess the impact of research in earth sciences in Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Abraham Juneman , Tennant Jonathan Peter , Pourret Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Background: Earth sciences is one of those sensitive field sciences that are closely needed to solve local problems within local physical and social settings. Earth researchers find state-of-the-art of topics in earth sciences by using scientific databases, conduct research on the topics, and write about them. However, the accessibility, readability, and usability of those articles for local communities are major problems in measuring the impact of research, although it may be covered by well-known international scientific databases.
Objectives: To ascertain empirically whether there are differences in document distribution, in the proportions of openly accessible documents, and in the geographical coverage of earth sciences topics as revealed through analyses of documents retrieved from scientific databases and to propose new measures for assessing the impact of research in earth sciences based on those differences.
Methods: Relevant documents were retrieved using &lsquo;earth sciences&rsquo; as a search term in English and other languages from ten databases of scientific publications. The results of these searches were analysed using frequency analysis and a quantitative- descriptive design.
Results: (1) The number of articles in English from international databases exceeded the number of articles in native languages from national-level databases. (2) The number of open-access (OA) articles in the national databases was higher than that in other databases. (3) The geographical coverage of earth science papers was uneven between countries when the number of documents retrieved from closed-access commercial databases was compared to that from the other databases. (4) The regulations in Indonesia related to promotion of lecturers assign greater weighting to publications indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) and publications in journals with impact factors are assigned a higher weighting.
Conclusions: The dominance of scientific articles in English as well as the paucity of OA publications indexed in international databases (compared to those in national or regional databases) may have been due to the greater weighting assigned to such publications. Consequently, the relevance of research reported in those publications to local communities has been questioned. This article suggests some open-science practices to transform the current regulations related to promotion into a more responsible measurement of research performance and impact.
Les « désordres » de Saint-Brieuc (1636)
Authors: Rivault Antoine 
Published: July 2021

La correspondance du chancelier Séguier, en partie éditée par Roland Mousnier, continue d’offrir aux historiens des documents inédits qui sont des témoignages précieux sur l’évolution de l’État au xviie siècle. Ainsi, la découverte d’une lettre inédite rédigée par l’évêque Étienne de Villazel, permet de revenir sur des « désordres » populaires survenus à Saint-Brieuc à l’automne 1636. Cette émeute urbaine jusqu’ici méconnue s’inscrit dans un large contexte de soulèvements antifiscaux survenus en réaction au « tour de vis fiscal » opéré par la monarchie dès 1635 pour financer la guerre contre l’Espagne. En Bretagne, on connaissait surtout les émeutes de Rennes et Nantes. Les évènements de Saint-Brieuc rapportés par Villazel sont d’une moindre envergure mais révèlent de multiples tensions. Ainsi, autour d’un conflit de préséance entre deux juridictions rivales – les sénéchaux de Saint-Brieuc et Rennes – se greffent autant des tensions sociales urbaines entre « menu peuple » et gens « de quelque considération » que des tensions politiques à l’échelle provinciale entre lieutenant général du roi, intendant et magistrats du Parlement.
Une histoire du « PMC », le laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée de l’École polytechnique
Authors: Lê Thiên Nga 
Published: July 2021

Au travers de sources inexploitées et en s’appuyant sur de nombreux témoignages, Thiên Nga Lê retrace le parcours d’une structure originale à plus d’un titre, le « PMC » de l’École Polytechnique.
Case Report: “Killer Bee” Swarm Attacks in French Guiana: The Importance of Prompt Care
Authors: Geoffroy Swann , Lambert Yann , Fremery Alexis , Marty Christian , André Nathalie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract.In French Guiana, a French overseas region partly located in the Amazon, “Africanized” bees, a hybrid species of Brazilian bees known as “killer bees,” have been observed since 1975. Since then, several cases requiring long hospitalization times have been described, allowing for a better understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms of this particular envenomation. Here, we report on a series of 10 cases of patients simultaneously attacked by hundreds of killer bees and immediately treated by a prehospital medical team already on site. Between 75 and 650 stingers were removed per victim. The reference treatment for anaphylaxis using intramuscular injection of epinephrine, vascular filling, and oxygen therapy was administered to all patients without delay. A clinical description was provided, and biological tests were performed immediately after the envenomation. We therefore observe the existence of a two-phase, medically well-controlled systemic toxic reaction. Thus, all our patients left the hospital after 44 hours of monitoring with no complications or sequelae, despite levels of intoxication described as potentially fatal elsewhere in the literature.
Case Report: Refractory Cryptosporidiosis after CAR T-Cell Therapy for Lymphoma
Authors: Trottier Caitlin A. , Yen Christina F. , Malvar Grace , Arnason Jon , Avigan David E. , Alonso Carolyn D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Cryptosporidial diarrhea is uncommon in immunocompetent individuals, more often seen in severely immunocompromised patients. Severe refractory cases have been described in patients with HIV/AIDS before the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy due to an inability to mount an adequate cellular immune response. We describe an 85-year-old patient post–chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy relapsed lymphoma who developed refractory Cryptosporidium spp. diarrhea in the setting of persistent CD4+ cytopenia. Despite receiving multiple antiparasitic agents, including failure of a prolonged course of nitazoxanide, the patient experienced persistent symptoms for 9 months with repeatedly positivity stool Cryptosporidium spp. direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test. We highlight this case of refractory Cryptosporidium spp. and the importance of recognizing the pathogen in a non–HIV-infected immunosuppressed host.
Propuesta de política de inclusión para personas con discapacidad en la administración tributaria, Desde una perspectiva de responsabilidad social. / Inclusion policy proposal for people with disabilities in the tax administration, From a social responsib
Authors: González Francisco Cortés , Aguirre Maritza Gutiérrez 
Published: July 2021

RESUMEN
La temática de la inclusión social y laboral para personas con discapacidad abarca la atención actualmente en Chile y en países de Latino América y el Caribe. Los organismos del Estado no están ajeno al tratamiento de estas temáticas, más aún cuando son los encargados de fiscalizar y velar por el cumplimiento de leyes que aportan a esta temática.
En este contexto se presenta una propuesta de Política de Inclusión para Personas con Discapacidad desde una perspectiva de Responsabilidad Social. Con lo anterior, se muestran las principales líneas de acción para la realización de la propuesta.

ABSTRACT
The issue of social and labor inclusion for people with disabilities is currently in the spotlight in Chile and in Latin American and Caribbean countries. State agencies are not oblivious to the treatment of these issues, especially when they are responsible for monitoring and ensuring compliance with laws that contribute to this issue.
In this context, a proposal for an Inclusion Policy for Persons with Disabilities is presented from a Social Responsibility perspective. With the above, the main lines of action for the realization of the proposal are shown.
PERANAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN (PAK) DALAM PENGINJILAN
Authors: Manullang Megawati 
Published: July 2021

Social media often notifies that some teacher did praiseworthy deeds, especially actions that harmed students. Those behaviors were including rape, beatings, extortion in the field of material, and many other cases. Actually, a teacher is expected to be a role model by their words and behavior blessing students. Especially, the profession as a Christian religious education teacher is not same as other teachers. Christian religious education teachers have more difficult duties and responsibilities which not only providing information and knowledge to students, but they also bring students to experience a special meeting with Christ and have a new life in Christ. Therefore, to meet this main responsiblities, Christian religious education teacher must carry out evangelism.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Media sosial sering memberitakan tentang perbuatan dari beberapa guru yang tidak terpuji, khususnya perbuatan yang merugikan para muridnya sendiri. Baik itu tindakan pemerkosaan, pemukulan, pemerasan dalam bidang materi, dan masih banyak lagi kasus yang lain. Padahal seorang guru diharapkan menjadi teladan, baik dalam perkataan, tingkahlaku yang menjadi berkat bagi siswa. Terutama profesi sebagai guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) tidak sama dengan guru-guru umum lainnya, guru PAK memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab yang lebih berat, bukan hanya sekedar memberikan informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan kepada peserta didik tetapi yang paling utama adalah membawa peserta didik mengalami perjumpaan dengan Kristus dan memiliki hidup baru di dalam Kristus. Maka untuk mencapai hal tersebut guru PAK wajib melaksanakan penginjilan.Keywords: Christian religious education teacher; evangelism; students
HIV/AIDS SEBAGAI “RUANG” PELAYANAN PASTORAL GEREJA
Authors: Simanungkalit Robinson 
Published: July 2021

It is important to explain some important things on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study was aimed to to provide a proper understanding on the HIV/AIDS. Consequently, this study described what the HIV/AIDS is, the history of the emergence of HIV/AIDS, the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the effects of HIV/AIDS on infected human. People infected with HIV and AIDS are referred to as PLWHA (People living with HIV and AIDS). They may be church citizens. Therefore, the church must not "turn a blind eye", but is required to be proactive in responding to people who have infected with HIV/AIDS.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Sangatlah penting untuk menjelaskan beberapa hal penting tentang HIV/AIDS guna memberikan pemahaman yang benar tentang HIV/AIDS. Dibutuhkan penjelasan tentang apa itu HIV/AIDS, Sejarah munculnya HIV/AIDS, Penularan HIV/AIDS dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh HIV/AIDS terhadap orang- orang yang terinfeksi. Orang yang terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS itu disebut sebagai ODHA (Orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS). Mungkin saja mereka adalah warga gereja dan karena itu gereja tidak boleh “menutup mata” tetapi dituntut untuk proaktif dalam menyikapi keberadaan warganya yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, ODHA
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MASA PANDEMIK GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 173167 KECAMATAN SIPAHUTAR KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA
Authors: Simanjuntak Rosbita 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the constraints at pandemic 19 in Tapanuli Utara . This type of research was descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques are done by interviewing and filling out questionnaires online. Analysis of the data used in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that the constraints experienced by teachers during pandemic 19 were learning applications, internet networks and devices, learning management, assessment, perception’s parent, develop interest student, and supervision