bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supratentorial and infratentorial brain metastases: a single centre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Steinruecke Moritz , Pronin Savva , Gherman Anda-Veronica , Emelifeonwu John , Liaquat Imran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

15–30% of primary cancers metastasise to the brain. Of these, 10–25% involve the posterior fossa. It remains unclear whether patients undergoing resection for infratentorial brain metastases experience poorer prognosis than those with supratentorial lesions. We aim to compare the post-operative outcomes of these two groups.
Methods

We searched the electronic health records of all patients undergoing brain metastases resection at our regional neurosurgical centre between February 2014 and August 2019. Demographic and clinical data was collected on 85 patients (61 supratentorial, 24 infratentorial metastases). Outcome measures included survival, post-operative complications, and performance status. Patients were followed up until April 21st 2020.
Results

Median post-operative survival of patients with supratentorial metastases was 323 days (95% CI 235–411), compared to 277 days (95% CI 195–359) for those with infratentorial metastases. These two groups experienced comparable survival (log rank = 0.276, p = 0.60) in univariate analysis. Infratentorial metastasis location was not significantly prognostic of survival in multivariate analysis of six key clinical and demographic covariates (HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.780–2.92, p = 0.22). However, neurological and non-neurological post-operative complications were significantly more common in patients with infratentorial metastases (neurological = 21% v 13%, non-neurological = 25% v 2%, p = 0.002).
Conclusions

Infratentorial metastasis location alone was not associated with a significant change in survival in our patient cohort, but was linked to a higher incidence of post-operative complications. Prospective, multi-centre outcomes monitoring following brain metastasis resection is required to overcome the limitations of small sample size and evolving neurosurgical practices.
N, N-Dimethyl Formamide Regulating Fluorescence of MXene Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Determination of Fe3+
Authors: Gao Xiaohui , Shao Xiaochun , Qin Longlong , Li Yejun , Huang Shengxiang , Deng Lianwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to widely use of iron in all kinds of areas, the design and construction of direct, fast, and highly sensitive sensor for Fe3+ is highly desirable and important. In the present work, a kind of fluorescent MQDs were synthesized via an intermittent ultrasound process with N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent. The prepared MQDs were characterized via a combination of UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, X-ray photoelectron energy spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the electrostatic induced aggregation quenching mechanism, the fluorescent MQDs probes exhibited excellent sensing performance for the detection of Fe3+, with a sensitivity of 0.6377 mM− 1 and the detection limit of 1.4 µM, superior to those reported in literatures. The present MQDs-based probes demonstrate potential promising applications as the sensing device of Fe3+.
Sanctions and international interaction improve cooperation to avert climate change
Authors: Grimalda Gianluca , Belianin Alexis , Hennig-Schmidt Heike , Requate Till , Ryzhkova Marina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Imposing sanctions on noncompliant parties to international agreements is often advocated as a remedy for international cooperation failure, notably in climate agreements. We provide an experimental test of this conjecture in a collective-risk social dilemma simulating the effort to avoid catastrophic climate change. We involve groups of participants from two cultural areas that were shown to achieve different levels of cooperation nationally when peer-level sanctions were available. Here we show that, while this result still holds nationally, international interaction backed by sanctions is overall beneficial. Cooperation by low cooperator groups increases significantly in comparison with national cooperation and converges to the cooperation levels of high cooperation groups. While the increase is only marginally significant without sanctions, it becomes sizable when sanctions are imposed. When sanctions are available, individuals are willing to cooperate above the level that would maximize expected payoffs. Revealing or hiding counterparts’ nationality does not affect results.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of glacial lakes (1990-2018) in the Kashmir Himalayas, India using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Ahmed Rayees , Wani Gowhar Farooq , Ahmed Syed Towseef , Mir Riyaz Ahmad , Almazroui Mansour , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Ahmed Pervez 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study is perhaps the first attempt to use satellite data (1990–2018) to analyze spatiotemporal changes in glacial lakes over the Kashmir Himalayas supplemented by field studies. Landsat images were used to delineate the spatial extent of glacial lakes at four time points, i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The total count of lakes as well as their spatial extent showed a discernible increase. The number increased from 253 in 1990 to 322 in 2018, with a growth rate of 21.4%. The area has increased from 18.84 Km2 in 1990 to 22.11 Km2 in 2018 with a growth rate of 14.7 percent. The newly formed glacial lakes, including supra glacial lakes, were greater in number than the lakes that disappeared over the study period. All glacial lakes are situated at elevations of 2700 m asl and 4500 m asl. More than 78% of lake expansion in the study region is largely due to the growth of existing glacial lakes. Through area change analysis, our findings reveal that certain lakes show rapid expansion needing immediate monitoring and observation. The analysis of the meteorological variables reveals that minimum and maximum temperatures in the Jhelum basin have shown an increasing trend. Tmax showed an increase of 1.1°C, whereas Tmin increased to 0.7°C from 1990 to 2018. On the other hand, precipitation has shown a decreasing trend, which can be attributed to one of the major causes of glacier recession and the expansion of glacial lakes in the Upper Jhelum basin. Consequently, this study could play a significant role in devising a comprehensive risk assessment plan for potential GLOFs and developing a mechanism for continuous monitoring and management of lakes in the study region.
Including the Reason for Use on Prescriptions Sent to Pharmacists: Scoping Review
Authors: Mercer Kathryn , Carter Caitlin , Burns Catherine , Tennant Ryan , Guirguis Lisa , Grindrod Kelly 
Published: August 2021

Background
In North America, although pharmacists are obligated to ensure prescribed medications are appropriate, information about a patient’s reason for use is not a required component of a legal prescription. The benefits of prescribers including the reason for use on prescriptions is evident in the current literature. However, it is not standard practice to share this information with pharmacists.

Objective
Our aim was to characterize the research on how including the reason for use on a prescription impacts pharmacists.

Methods
We performed an interdisciplinary scoping review, searching literature in the fields of health care, informatics, and engineering. The following databases were searched between December 2018 and January 2019: PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), and EMBASE.

Results
A total of 3912 potentially relevant articles were identified, with 9 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. The studies used different terminology (eg, indication, reason for use) and a wide variety of study methodologies, including prospective and retrospective observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and qualitative interviews and focus groups. The results suggest that including the reason for use on a prescription can help the pharmacist catch more errors, reduce the need to contact prescribers, support patient counseling, impact communication, and improve patient safety. Reasons that may prevent prescribers from adding the reason for use information are concerns about workflow and patient privacy.

Conclusions
More research is needed to understand how the reason for use information should be provided to pharmacists. In the limited literature to date, there is a consensus that the addition of this information to prescriptions benefits patient safety and enables pharmacists to be more effective. Future research should use an implementation science or theory-based approach to improve prescriber buy-in and, consequently, adoption.
Challenges and Lessons Learned From a Telehealth Community Paramedicine Program for the Prevention of Hypoglycemia: Pre-Post Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Thirumalai Mohanraj , Zengul Ayse G , Evans Eric 
Published: August 2021

Background
Prevention through Intervention is a community paramedicine program developed by Birmingham Fire and Rescue Services in Alabama. This program aims to reduce dependency on emergency medical services (EMS) for nonemergency-related events through education and to lower the frequency of emergency calls in underserved populations. A telehealth intervention with an emphasis on hypoglycemia was implemented to (1) tailor the intervention to meet the educational needs of participants and (2) facilitate follow-ups. A pre-post pilot feasibility evaluation of the telehealth intervention was conducted.

Objective
This paper describes the results of the feasibility evaluation, implementation challenges, and the lessons learned about the deployment of a hypoglycemia prevention program in an underserved area and its evaluation.

Methods
This single-arm pretest-posttest intervention included (1) an initial in-person visit (week 1), (2) 3 weekly telecoaching calls (weeks 2-4), (3) 1 biweekly call (week 6), and (4) a final in-person visit (week 8) for collecting posttest data from individuals who called EMS due to hypoglycemic events. In-person visits included educational sessions conducted by EMS personnel. Participants’ education included tailored content related to hypoglycemia. Weekly telecoaching calls focused on hypoglycemia symptom monitoring and education reinforcement via a telehealth dashboard. The primary measures focused on feasibility measures, and exploratory measures focused on the fear of hypoglycemia, self-efficacy, and a knowledge of diabetes.

Results
A total of 40 participants participated in the intervention. However, the study was marred with high attrition. The various factors behind the low retention rate were discussed. There was a decreasing trend in all three subdomains of the fear of hypoglycemia from pretest to posttest. There was also a significant increase in participants’ self-efficacy in hypoglycemia self-management (P=.03).

Conclusions
This study shows preliminary and promising results for a community-based intervention specifically for hypoglycemia. However, the socioeconomic setting in which the intervention was delivered may have resulted in high dropout rates and low attendance during the intervention, which are considerations for future telehealth studies.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03665870; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03665870
DEATH AS THE “REAL”: A PSYCHOANALYTIC READING OF MATTHEW ARNOLD’S YOUTH AND CALM
Authors: Wahyudiputra Alexei 
Published: August 2021

Matthew Arnold was one of the poets who paid special attention to youth and the dynamics of youth culture in the Victorian era. Living in an era that stimulated modern times, Arnold produced writings that can be classified as historical records, although not factual, of society's reactions to the fundamental social and cultural changes of the time. The literary arena was particularly affected, as the Victorian era marked the beginning for poets and artists alike to shed the romantic spirit that they had breathed into their works and adapt to the technological and industrial realities around them. This article explores Matthew Arnold's poem entitled “Youth and Calm”. The poem explores a stream of consciousness that contemplates “the youth" and their dreams. This study aims to uncover the meaning of the poem based on its textual composition without correlating it with Arnold's other works. Using theoretical phenomenology tools to dissect language phenomena and the Freudo-Lacanian method in interpreting the theme, this study led to the revelation that the poem talks of “death” as a symbolically repressed object. Matthew Arnold merupakan salah satu penulis puisi yang menaruh atensi lebih pada pemuda dan juga dinamika kebudayaan muda-mudi pada era Victoria. Hidup di dalam yang era mendasari kultur modern, Arnold menghasilkan karya-karya yang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai catatan historis, meskipun tidak faktual secara absolut, terkait reaksi masyarakat dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial dan kultural yang begitu mendasar di kala itu. Terlebih dalam arena literatur, kehadiran era Victorian merupakan awal penanda bagi penyair dan produser seni lainnya untuk mulai menanggalkan jiwa romantisme yang mereka hembuskan pada tiap karya dan beralih pada realita teknologi dan industri di sekitar mereka. Dalam artikel ini, puisi Matthew Arnold yang ditelaah secara mendalam berjudul “Youth and Calm”. Puisi tersebut mengeksplorasi arus pemikiran yang berisikan kontemplasi terhadap figur “pemuda” dan apa yang mereka impikan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna puisi berdasarkan komposisi tekstualnya dan tanpa menghubungkannya dengan karya Arnold lainnya. Menggunakan paradigma fenomenologi untuk membedah struktur kebahasaan serta Freudo-Lacanian dalam menginterpretasi tema menghasilkan sebuah makna bahwa “Death” atau kematian merupakan objek yang secara simbolis dipendam oleh subjek youth yang dibahas pada puisi ini.
Incertidumbre y afrontamiento en familiares de personas dependientes del alcohol: apoyo social y espiritualidad
Authors: Hinojosa-García L. , Alonso-Castillo M.M. , García-García P. , Jiménez-Martínez A.A. , Armendáriz-García N.A. 
Published: August 2021

Introducción: La dependencia al alcohol, considerada como una enfermedad crónica, es un detonante de incertidumbre para el familiar de la persona con dependencia, lo cual genera trastornos emocionales negativos. El apoyo social y la espiritualidad son mecanismos de afrontamiento que podrían disminuir la incertidumbre y favorecer el bienestar tanto físico, como psicológico.
Objetivos: Determinar la relación y el efecto del apoyo social y la espiritualidad sobre la incertidumbre del familiar de la persona dependiente del alcohol.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, muestra de 135 mujeres pertenecientes a grupos Al-Anon, se utilizaron la Escala de Percepción de Incertidumbre en Padres y Miembros de la Familia (PPUS-FM) de Mishel, el cuestionario MOS-SSS de Sherbourne y Stewart y la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual elaborada por Reed.
Resultados: Se identificó un coeficiente de correlación negativo y significativo de la incertidumbre con el apoyo social (rs= -.356, p <.01) y la espiritualidad (rs= -.216, p <.05). Mediante un modelo de regresión lineal general univariado se determinó que únicamente el apoyo social influye en la disminución de la incertidumbre (β= -.280, t= -3.62, p= .001) con un coeficiente de determinación o varianza explicada del 11.5%, mientras que la espiritualidad no mostró efecto (β= -.041, t= .218, p >.05) sobre la incertidumbre.
Conclusiones: El apoyo social es identificado como un mecanismo de afrontamiento efectivo que permitirá al personal de enfermería desarrollar intervenciones dirigidas a reducir la incertidumbre en familiares de personas con algún tipo de dependencia.
Intervención educativa para mejorar conocimientos sobre úlceras por presión en enfermeros de Veracruz, México
Authors: Ortiz-Vargas I. , Sánchez-Espinosa A. , Enríquez-Hernández C.B. , Castellanos-Contreras E. , López-Orozco G. , Fernández-Sánchez H. 
Published: August 2021

Introducción: En México, las úlceras por presión (UPP) son un indicador de calidad en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, se otorga relevancia a los conocimientos de los profesionales de la salud en cuanto al abordaje integral de las úlceras para el mejoramiento de la seguridad del paciente.
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa como herramienta para mejorar los conocimientos de enfermería en la prevención y tratamiento de las UPP.
Método: Estudio pre-experimental basado en una intervención educativa aplicada a un grupo con medición pre y post. La muestra estuvo constituida por 90 licenciados de enfermería que laboran en hospitales públicos de segundo y tercer nivel de atención, ubicados en el puerto de Veracruz. Se diseñaron doce sesiones de 120 minutos cada una para la intervención; en estas se abordaron tópicos de prevención, cuidado y tratamiento de las úlceras.
Resultados: La variable prevención, en el indicador adecuado según tus conocimientos, obtuvo un promedio inicial de 74±15 que incrementó en la segunda medición a 91±9. t (p=.003). En la variable tratamiento, el indicador adecuado según tus conocimientos, obtuvo un promedio inicial de 57±16 y en la segunda medición pasó a 76±9. t (p=.002).
Conclusión: La aplicación de la intervención educativa permitió mejorar el conocimiento sobre prevención y tratamiento de las UPP, aunque la utilización en la práctica asistencial fue menor.
Meluruskan Sejarah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia: Suatu Kajian Terhadap Buku Teks Pelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Suharya Toto 
Published: August 2021

Historical material around the proclamation includes knowledge that must become the collective memory of the Indonesian people. The history of the proclamation became a milestone for the success of the Indonesian nation in breaking away from colonialism. However, according to Hatta, there were many stories and writings that were not true about the Indonesian proclamation. In fact, the importance of writing history cannot be separated from the historical facts that were found. Thus, the objectives to be achieved in this study are to compile historical stories based on primary evidence and find the legitimacy of historical writing based on the theoretical point of view of historical writing for history textbooks. Meanwhile, the method used is literature study. The results show that the writing of the history of the proclamation of Indonesian independence in history textbooks does not reflect a narrative that has considered primary sources, both from the archives and the views of historical actors. The history of the proclamation that circulates in textbooks is dominated by historical stories based on the source of Adam Malik's book. Hatta's book of direct testimony which is more authentic, because as a direct actor in the incident, it is worth considering.

Abstrak
Materi sejarah sekitar proklamasi termasuk pengetahuan yang harus menjadi memori kolektif bangsa Indonesia. Sejarah proklamasi menjadi tonggak keberhasilan bangsa Indonesia dalam melepaskan diri dari penjajahan. Namun, menurut Hatta banyak tersiar cerita dan karangan yang tidak benar tentang proklamasi Indonesia. Padahal, kepentingan penulisan sejarah tidak lepas dari fakta sejarah yang ditemukan. Sehingga, tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah menyusun cerita sejarah berdasarkan bukti primer dan menemukan legitimasi penulisan sejarah berdasarkan sudut pandang teori penulisan sejarah bagi buku teks pelajaran sejarah. Sedangkan, metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penulisan sejarah proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia dalam buku teks pelajaran sejarah, belum mencerminkan narasi yang sudah mempertimbangkan sumber-sumber primer, baik dari arsip maupun pandangan pelaku sejarah. Sejarah peristiwa proklamasi yang beredar dalam buku teks, didominasi oleh cerita sejarah berdasarkan pada sumber buku Adam Malik. Buku kesaksian langsung dari Hatta yang lebih otentik, karena sebagai pelaku langsung dalam perisitwa tersebut layak untuk dipertimbangkan.
Analisis Pembelajaran Sejarah pada Kurikulum 2013 dengan Pendekatan Saintifik dan Kontekstual
Authors: Qodariyah Anin Lailatul , Rizaldi Martin 
Published: August 2021

This article aims to understand history learning in Kurikulum 2013 with a scientific and contextual approach. The method of compiling this article uses the literature review method that uses reference sources from books and journal articles. In Kurikulum 2013, history subjects have a very important place for the life of the state and nation, and have a mandate or message that is contained in being able to shape the character of students through the values ​​contained in history subjects. To simplify the process of history learning activities, an educator needs an approach in doing so, namely scientific and contextual approach to make students active and think creatively and critically.
Keywords: 2013 Curriculum, Scientific Approach, Contextual Approach.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami pembelajaran sejarah pada Kurikulum 2013 dengan pendekatan saintifik dan kontekstual. Metode penyusunan artikel ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang menggunakan sumber referensi dari buku dan artikel jurnal. Di Kurikulum 2013, mata pelajaran sejarah memiliki tempat yang begitu penting bagi kehidupan bernegara dan berbangsa, serta memiliki amanah atau pesan yang terkandung, yaitu mampu membentuk karakter peserta didik melalui nilai-nilai yang telah terkandung di dalam mata pelajaran sejarah. Untuk mempermudah proses kegiatan pembelajaran sejarah, maka seorang pendidik memerlukan suatu pendekatan dalam melakukannya, yaitu berupa pendekatan saintifik dan kontekstual untuk membuat siswa aktif serta berpikir kreatif dan kritis.
Kata Kunci: Kurikulum 2013, Pendekatan kontekstual, Pendekatan saintifik.
Perkembangan Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Kaum Perempuan di Riau (1970-2005)
Authors: Tita Zidni Ilma  , Ahmal  , Asril  
Published: August 2021

Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru Riau merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan khusus putri yang mencakup tingkat Tsanawiyah (MTs) dan Aliyah (MA) yang ditujukan pada anak-anak yang memiliki keterbatasan ekonomi. Dalam dinamikanya madrasah ini sering kali mengalami gejolak dalam berbagai aspek namun tetap mampu keluar dan sampai sekarang tetap menunjukan eksistensinya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah berdirinya Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru, perkembangan serta faktor penghambat dan pendorong dari berkembangnya Madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historis, metode pengumpulan data berdasarkan kajian lapangan berupa dokumentasi dan wawancara serta studi arsip dan pustaka, dengan melalui berbagai tahap seperti pemilihan topik, heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Topik yang dipilih dalam hal ini berupa perkembangan madrasah diniyah putri Pekanbaru Riau pada 1970-2005. Kemudian setelah itu dikumpulkanlah berbagai sumber yang relevan dan dianalisis secara mendalam serta diinterpretasikan hingga pada akhirnya dapat ditarik kesimpulan dan dituliskan. Hasil dari tulisan ini berupa: sejarah madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru serta faktor penghambat dan pendorong perkembangan madrasah Diniyah Putri Pekanbaru.