bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries
Authors: Craps Ben , De Clerck Marine , Hacker Philip , Nguyen Kévin , Rabideau Charles 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) that capture maximally chaotic properties of a black hole are determined by scattering processes near the horizon. This prompts the question to what extent OTOCs display chaotic behaviour in horizonless microstate geometries. This question is complicated by the fact that Lyapunov growth of OTOCs requires nonzero temperature, whereas constructions of microstate geometries have been mostly restricted to extremal black holes.In this paper, we compute OTOCs for a class of extremal black holes, namely maximally rotating BTZ black holes, and show that on average they display “slow scrambling”, characterized by cubic (rather than exponential) growth. Superposed on this average power-law growth is a sawtooth pattern, whose steep parts correspond to brief periods of Lyapunov growth associated to the nonzero temperature of the right-moving degrees of freedom in a dual conformal field theory.Next we study the extent to which these OTOCs are modified in certain “superstrata”, horizonless microstate geometries corresponding to these black holes. Rather than an infinite throat ending on a horizon, these geometries have a very deep but finite throat ending in a cap. We find that the superstrata display the same slow scrambling as maximally rotating BTZ black holes, except that for large enough time intervals the growth of the OTOC is cut off by effects related to the cap region, some of which we evaluate explicitly.
Vector mesons on the wall
Authors: Kitano Ryuichiro , Matsudo Ryutaro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA domain-wall configuration of theη′meson bounded by a string (called a pancake or a Hall droplet) is recently proposed to describe the baryons with spinNc/2. In order to understand its baryon number as well as the flavor quantum number, we argue that the vector mesons (theρandωmesons) should play an essential role for the consistency of the whole picture. We determine the effective theory of large-NcQCD withNfmassless fermions by taking into account a mixed anomaly involving theθ-periodicity and the global symmetry. The anomaly matching requires the presence of a dynamical domain wall on which a$$ \mathrm{U}{\left({N}_f\right)}_{-{N}_c} $$UNf−NcChern-Simons theory is supported. We consider the boundary conditions that should be imposed on the edge of the domain wall, and conclude that there should be a boundary term that couples the$$ \mathrm{U}{\left({N}_f\right)}_{-{N}_c} $$UNf−Ncgauge field to the vector mesons. We discuss the impact on physics of the chiral phase transition and the relation to the “duality” of QCD.
Virtual corrections to gg → ZH in the high-energy and large-mt limits
Authors: Davies Joshua , Mishima Go , Steinhauser Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe compute the next-to-leading order virtual corrections to the partonic cross-section of the processgg → ZH, in the high-energy and large-mtlimits. We use Padé approximants to increase the radius of convergence of the high-energy expansion in$$ {m}_t^2/s $$mt2/s,$$ {m}_t^2/t $$mt2/tand$$ {m}_t^2/u $$mt2/uand show that precise results can be obtained down to energies which are fairly close to the top quark pair threshold. We present results both for the form factors and the next-to-leading order virtual cross-section.
Neuroimmunologie von COVID‑19
Authors: Skripuletz Thomas , Möhn Nora , Franke Christiana , Prüß Harald 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche neuroimmunologische Krankheitsbilder wie Enzephalopathien, Enzephalitiden, Myelitiden oder ADEM (akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis) sind nach einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) gehäuft aufgetreten, was für einen para- oder postinfektiösen Zusammenhang spricht. Ursächlich ist wahrscheinlich eine virusgetriggerte Überaktivierung des Immunsystems mit Hyperinflammation und Zytokin-Sturm, aber möglicherweise auch die Bildung spezifischer Autoantikörper gegen Gewebe des Zentralnervensystems, die sich vor allem im Liquor schwerkranker COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Patienten finden lassen. Eine direkte Schädigung durch die Invasion von SARS-CoV‑2 ins Gehirn oder Rückenmark scheint keine relevante Rolle zu spielen. Bei Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose, Myasthenie oder anderen neuroimmunologischen Krankheitsbildern wird die Anfälligkeit für eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion sowie das Risiko eines schweren Verlaufs nicht durch die immunmodulierende Therapie bestimmt, sondern durch bekannte Risikofaktoren wie Alter, Komorbiditäten und den krankheitsbedingten Grad der Behinderung. Immuntherapien sollten bei diesen Patienten daher nicht verschoben oder pausiert werden. Inwieweit neuroimmunologische Mechanismen auch für Langzeitfolgen nach überstandener COVID-19-Erkrankung – wie Fatigue, Gedächtnis‑, Schlaf- oder Angststörungen – verantwortlich sind, werden klinische Verlaufsuntersuchungen u. a. in COVID-19-Registerstudien zeigen.
Quantum Principal Bundles on Projective Bases
Authors: Aschieri Paolo , Fioresi Rita , Latini Emanuele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a sheaf theoretic approach to the theory of quantum principal bundles over non affine bases. We study noncommutative principal bundles corresponding to $$G \rightarrow G/P$$

G
→
G
/
P

, where G is a semisimple group and P a parabolic subgroup.
Automatic detection of annual rings and pith location along Norway spruce timber boards using conditional adversarial networks
Authors: Habite Tadios , Abdeljaber Osama , Olsson Anders 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the woodworking industry, detection of annual rings and location of pith in relation to timber board cross sections, and how these properties vary in the longitudinal direction of boards, is relevant for many purposes such as assessment of shape stability and prediction of mechanical properties of timber. The current work aims at developing a fast, accurate and operationally simple deep learning-based algorithm for automatic detection of surface growth rings and pith location along knot-free clear wood sections of Norway spruce boards. First, individual surface growth rings that are visible along the four longitudinal sides of the scanned boards are detected using trained conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). Then, pith locations are determined, on the basis of the detected growth rings, by using a trained multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network. The proposed algorithm was solely based on raw images of board surfaces obtained from optical scanning and applied to a total of 104 Norway spruce boards with nominal dimensions of $$45\times 145\times 4500\,\hbox {mm}^{3}$$

45
×
145
×
4500

mm
3

. The results show that optical scanners and the proposed automatic method allow for accurate and fast detection of individual surface growth rings and pith location along boards. For boards with the pith located within the cross section, median errors of 1.4 mm and 2.9 mm, in the x- and y-direction, respectively, were obtained. For a sample of boards with the pith located outside the board cross section in most positions along the board, the median discrepancy between automatically estimated and manually determined pith locations was 3.9 mm and 5.4 mm in the x- and y-direction, respectively.
Phase I study to assess safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry for 89Zr-girentuximab in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Merkx Robin I. J. , Lobeek Daphne , Konijnenberg Mark , Jiménez-Franco Luis David , Kluge Andreas , Oosterwijk Egbert , Mulders Peter F.A. , Rijpkema Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In this phase I study, we evaluated the safety, biodistribution and dosimetry of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-girentuximab (89Zr-girentuximab) PET/CT imaging in patients with suspicion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods
Ten eligible patients received an intravenous administration of 37 MBq (± 10%) of 89Zr-girentuximab at mass doses of 5 mg or 10 mg. Safety was evaluated according to the NCI CTCAE (version 4.03). Biodistribution and normal organ dosimetry was performed based on PET/CT images acquired at 0.5, 4, 24, 72 and 168 h post-administration. Additionally, tumour dosimetry was performed in patients with confirmed ccRCC and visible tumour uptake on PET/CT imaging.

Results
89Zr-girentuximab was administered in ten patients as per protocol. No treatment-related adverse events ≥ grade 3 were reported. 89Zr-girentuximab imaging allowed successful differentiation between ccRCC and non-ccRCC lesions in all patients, as confirmed with histological data. Dosimetry analysis using OLINDA/EXM 2.1 showed that the organs receiving the highest doses (mean ± SD) were the liver (1.86 ± 0.40 mGy/MBq), the kidneys (1.50 ± 0.22 mGy/MBq) and the heart wall (1.45 ± 0.19 mGy/MBq), with a mean whole body effective dose of 0.57 ± 0.08 mSv/MBq. Tumour dosimetry was performed in the 6 patients with histologically confirmed ccRCC resulting in a median tumour-absorbed dose of 4.03 mGy/MBq (range 1.90–11.6 mGy/MBq).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that 89Zr-girentuximab is safe and well tolerated for the administered activities and mass doses and allows quantitative assessment of 89Zr-girentuximab PET/CT imaging in patients with suspicion of ccRCC.

Trial registration
NCT03556046—14th of June, 2018
5-Year health-related quality of life outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Junkkari A. , Sintonen H. , Danner N. , Jyrkkänen H. K. , Rauramaa T. , Luikku A. J. , Koivisto A. M. , Roine R. P. , Viinamäki H. , Soininen H. , Jääskeläinen J. E. , Leinonen V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is severely impaired in persons with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The HRQoL improves in a number of patients after the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, but long-term follow-up of HRQoL is rare.MethodsExtended follow-up (60 months) of a prospective cohort study involving 189 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt surgery. Preoperative variables were used to predict favorable HRQoL outcome (improvement or non-deterioration) measured by the 15D instrument 5 years after shunting.ResultsOut of the 189 initially enrolled study participants, 88 had completed 5-year HRQoL follow-up (46%), 64 had died (34%), and 37 (20%) failed to complete the HRQoL follow-up but were alive at the end of the study. After initial post-operative HRQoL improvement, HRQoL deteriorated so that 37/88 participants (42%) had a favorable HRQoL outcome 5 years after shunting. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.95;p < 0.005), lower body mass index (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.98;p < 0.05) and better Mini-Mental State Examination performance (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.32;p < 0.05) before surgery predicted favorable 5-year outcome.ConclusionsThis extended follow-up showed that the self-evaluated HRQoL outcome is associated with iNPH patients’ pre-operative cognitive status, overweight and age. The post-operative deterioration may reflect the natural progression of iNPH, but also derive from aging and comorbidities. It indicates a need for long-term follow-up.
Hemodialysis (HD) dose and ultrafiltration rate are associated with survival in pediatric and adolescent patients on chronic HD—a large observational study with follow-up to young adult age
Authors: Gotta Verena , Marsenic Olivera , Atkinson Andrew , Pfister Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemodialysis (HD) dose targets and ultrafiltration rate (UFR) limits for pediatric patients on chronic HD are not known and are derived from adults (spKt/V>1.4 and <13 ml/kg/h). We aimed to characterize how delivered HD dose and UFR are associated with survival in a large cohort of patients who started HD in childhood.

Methods
Retrospective analysis on a cohort of patients <30 years, on chronic HD since childhood (<19 years), having received thrice-weekly HD 2004–2016 in outpatient DaVita centers. Outcome: Survival while remaining on HD. Predictors: (I) primary analysis: mean delivered dialysis dose stratified as spKt/V ≤1.4/1.4–1.6/>1.6 (Kaplan–Meier analysis), (II) secondary analyses: UFR and alternative dialysis adequacy measures [eKt/V, body-surface normalized Kt/BSA] on continuous scale (Weibull regression model).

Results
A total of 1780 patients were included (age at the start of HD: 0–12y: n=321, >12–18y: n=1459; median spKt/V=1.55, eKt/V=1.31, Kt/BSA=31.2 L/m2, UFR=10.6 mL/kg/h). (I) spKt/V<1.4 was associated with lower survival compared to spKt/V>1.4–1.6 (P<0.001, log-rank test), and spKt/V>1.6 (P<0.001), with 10-year survival of 69.3% (59.4–80.9%) versus 83.0% (76.8–89.8%) and 84.0% (79.6–88.5%), respectively. (II) Kt/BSA was a better predictor of survival than spKt/V or eKt/V. UFR was additionally associated with survival (P<0.001), with increased mortality <10/>18 mL/kg/h. Associations did not alter significantly following adjustment for demographic characteristics (age, etiology of kidney disease, and ethnicity).

Conclusions
Our results suggest usefulness of targeting Kt/BSA>30 L/m2 for best long-term outcomes, corresponding to spKt/V>1.4 (>12 years) and >1.6 (<12 years). In contrast to adults, higher UFR of 10–18 ml/kg/h was not associated with greater mortality in this population.
Reduction of dust deposition in air-cooled condensers in thermal power plants by Ni–P-based coatings
Authors: Zhao Bo , Wang Xiaoxv , Xu Yongshao , Liu Bingzheng , Cao Shengxian , Zhao Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the largest problems with most current thermal power plants is the cooling efficiency. This paper aims to massively reduce fuel consumption and heat wasted in thermal power plants and hence CO2 emissions by resolving fouling issues associated with air-cooled condensers. In order to reduce the dust fouling deposition in the air-cooled condensers, the finned flat tubes were coated with nickel−phosphorus and nickel−phosphorus−polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni–P-PTFE) by an electroless coating technology. The anti-fouling performance of the coated tubes was investigated using the field operation parameters of air-cooled condensers, and the influence of the surface energies of the coatings on the dust adhesion was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the Ni–P coated finned tubes performed best, which reduced fouling resistance by 83.3% compared with the untreated finned tubes. The Ni–P coatings have potential applications in thermal power plants for reducing heat exchanger fouling and hence significantly decreasing waste heat and CO2 emissions.
Graphic abstract
Loss of endothelial glucocorticoid receptor promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhou Han , Zhang Tiening , Gao Xixiang , Tao Bo , Xing Hao , Zhuang Zhenwu , Dardik Alan , Kyriakides Themis R. , Goodwin Julie E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family that controls key biological processes in the cardiovascular system and has recently been shown to modulate Wnt signaling in endothelial cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been demonstrated to be crucial in the process of angiogenesis. In the current study, we studied whether GR could regulate angiogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Approach and Resultsa
Key components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were evaluated using quantitative PCR and Western blot in the presence or absence of GR. Enhanced angiogenesis was found in GR deficiency in vitro and confirmed with cell viability assays, proliferation assays and tube formation assays. Consistent with these in vitro findings, endothelial cell-specific GR loss GR in vivo promoted angiogenesis in both a hind limb ischemia model and sponge implantation assay. Results were further verified in a novel mouse model lacking endothelial LRP5/6, a key receptor in canonical Wnt signaling, and showed substantially suppressed angiogenesis using these same in vitro and in vivo assays. To further investigate the mechanism of GR regulation of Wnt signaling, autophagy flux was investigated in endothelial cells by visualizing auto phagolysosomes as well as by assessing P62 degradation and LC3B conversion. Results indicated that potentiated autophagy flux participated in GR-Wnt regulation.

Conclusions
Lack of endothelial GR triggers autophagy flux, leads to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes angiogenesis. There may also be a synergistic interaction between autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Feasibility and diagnostic reliability of quantitative flow ratio in the assessment of non-culprit lesions in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Erbay Aslihan , Penzel Lisa , Abdelwahed Youssef S. , Klotsche Jens , Schatz Anne-Sophie , Steiner Julia , Haghikia Arash , Landmesser Ulf , Stähli Barbara E. , Leistner David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of hemodynamic assessment of non-culprit coronary arteries in setting of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) using fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR), recently introduced as angiography-based fast FFR computation, has been validated with good agreement and diagnostic performance with FFR in chronic coronary syndromes. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic reliability of QFR assessment during primary PCI. A total of 321 patients with ACS and multivessel disease, who underwent primary PCI and were planned for staged PCI of at least one non-culprit lesion were enrolled in the analysis. Within this patient cohort, serial post-hoc QFR analyses of 513 non-culprit vessels were performed. The median time interval between primary and staged PCI was 49 [42–58] days. QFR in non-culprit coronary arteries did not change between acute and staged measurements (0.86 vs 0.87, p = 0.114), with strong correlation (r = 0.94, p ≤ 0.001) and good agreement (mean difference -0.008, 95%CI -0.013–0.003) between measurements. Importantly, QFR as assessed at index procedure had sensitivity of 95.02%, specificity of 93.59% and diagnostic accuracy of 94.15% in prediction of QFR ≤ 0.80 at the time of staged PCI. The present study for the first time confirmed the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of non-culprit coronary artery QFR during index procedure for ACS. These results support QFR as valuable tool in patients with ACS to detect further hemodynamic relevant lesions with excellent diagnostic performance and therefore to guide further revascularisation therapy.
Using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) biomass and humic substances to produce urea-based multi-coated slow release fertilizer
Authors: Silva Iris Amanda A. , de Macedo Osmir Fabiano L. , Cunha Graziele C. , Oliveira Rhayza Victoria Matos , Romão Luciane P. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrea-based multi-coated slow release fertilizer was produced using water hyacinth, humic substances, and chitosan, with water rich in natural organic matter as a solvent. Elemental analysis showed that the nitrogen content of the fertilizer (FERT) was around 20%. Swelling tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the water hyacinth crosslinker, which reduced the water permeability of the material. Leaching tests showed that FERT released a very low concentration of ammonium (0.82 mg L−1), compared to the amount released from urea (43.1 mg L−1). No nitrate leaching was observed for FERT, while urea leached 13.1 mg L−1 of nitrate. In water and soil, FERT showed maximum releases after 30 and 40 days, respectively, while urea reached maxima in just 2 and 5 days, respectively. The results demonstrated the promising ability of FERT to reduce nitrogen losses, as well as to minimize environmental impacts in the soil–plant-atmosphere system and to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization.
Graphic abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels enhanced by quaternized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals with adjustable strength and swelling ratio
Authors: Wei Peng , Chen Weiwei , Song Qinghua , Wu Yibing , Xu Youjia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuperabsorbent hydrogels were prepared from biodegradable material, where the matrix was cross-linked cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and reinforced by quaternized tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (Q-TCNCs). Due to the large amount of hydrophilic groups on cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and Q-TCNCs, the hydrogels had excellent water absorption capacity. The equilibrium swelling ratio of superabsorbent hydrogels exceeded 500 g/g in deionized water and exceeded 120 g/g even in synthetic urine, which was higher than those of commercial absorbent materials composed of copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide. The water absorption performances and mechanical properties of the hydrogels could be adjusted by changing the content of Q-TCNCs. The resultant materials were expected to replace those polyolefin-based materials, thereby reducing environmental pollution.
Near-MDS codes from elliptic curves
Authors: Aguglia Angela , Giuzzi Luca , Sonnino Angelo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide a geometric construction of$$[n,9,n-9]_q$$[n,9,n-9]qnear-MDS codes arising from elliptic curves withn$${\mathbb {F}}_q$$Fq-rational points. Furthermore, we show that in some cases these codes cannot be extended to longer near-MDS codes.
Revisiting the Role of Worries in Explaining the Link Between Test Anxiety and Test Performance
Authors: Schillinger Frieder L. , Mosbacher Jochen A. , Brunner Clemens , Vogel Stephan E. , Grabner Roland H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe inverse relationship between test anxiety and test performance is commonly explained by test-anxious students’ tendency to worry about a test and the consequences of failing. However, other cognitive facets of test anxiety have been identified that could account for this link, including interference by test-irrelevant thoughts and lack of confidence. In this study, we compare different facets of test anxiety in predicting test performance. Seven hundred thirty university students filled out the German Test Anxiety Inventory after completing a battery of standardized tests assessing general intelligence and mathematical competencies. Multiple regressions revealed that interference and lack of confidence but not worry or arousal explained unique variance in students’ test performance. No evidence was found for a curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance. The present results call for revisiting the role of worries in explaining the test anxiety-performance link and can help educators to identify students who are especially at risk of underperforming on tests.