bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological profile of psychiatric illnesses in the province of Taza, Morocco: case of a study on a schizophrenic sub-population in the Ibn Baja Hospital
Authors: Ouanouche El Hassan , Lamine Hasnae , Tliji Asmae , Hourmattallah Hajar , Ouichou Ali , El Hessni Aboubaker , Mesfioui Abdelhalim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders and to plot some characteristics of the schizophrenic sub-population in the study area.

Methods
We present the results of a retrospective study on psychiatric illnesses listed at the level of the psychiatric department at the Ibn Baja Hospital in the province of Taza (Morocco), involving a sample of 3803 patients aged 18 years and over between 2006 and 2016.

Results
The results obtained show that the average age of our sample is 33 ± 10.5 years and that schizophrenia is the most pronounced psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of 69.9%, followed by bipolar disorder (8.4%), manic state (8.3%), major depression (5.8%), epilepsy (3.7%), dementia (2.5%), and drug addiction (1.5%). The predominance of the workforce for all psychiatric disorders was significantly in favor of males (P = 0 .000) with an M/F sex ratio of 4.9. Most patients were from urban areas 77.1%, compared with 22.9% from rural areas, with a predominance of males (P<0.001). Schizophrenia disease is the most predominant in the region with a prevalence of 1.6% and affects 83% of men versus 17% of women with a M/F sex ratio value of 5.6 in favor of men (P = 0.000).

Conclusion
In our region of study, as everywhere else in the world, the prevalence of psychiatric diseases on the one hand, and schizophrenia on the other hand, seems to be worrying, thus requiring more vigilance on the part of public health workers in general and mental health workers.
The Fourth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit “Technology Targeting Molecular Mechanisms”: current progress, challenges, and charting the future
Authors: Datta-Chaudhuri Timir , Zanos Theodoros , Chang Eric H. , Olofsson Peder S. , Bickel Stephan , Bouton Chad , Grande Daniel , Rieth Loren , Aranow Cynthia , Bloom Ona , Mehta Ashesh D. , Civillico Gene , Stevens Molly M. , Głowacki Eric , Bettinger Christopher , Schüettler Martin , Puleo Chris , Rennaker Robert , Mohanta Saroj , Carnevale Daniela , Conde Silvia V. , Bonaz Bruno , Chernoff David , Kapa Suraj , Berggren Magnus , Ludwig Kip , Zanos Stavros , Miller Larry , Weber Doug , Yoshor Daniel , Steinman Lawrence , Chavan Sangeeta S. , Pavlov Valentin A. , Al-Abed Yousef , Tracey Kevin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a broad and growing interest in Bioelectronic Medicine, a dynamic field that continues to generate new approaches in disease treatment. The fourth bioelectronic medicine summit “Technology targeting molecular mechanisms” took place on September 23 and 24, 2020. This virtual meeting was hosted by the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health. The summit called international attention to Bioelectronic Medicine as a platform for new developments in science, technology, and healthcare. The meeting was an arena for exchanging new ideas and seeding potential collaborations involving teams in academia and industry. The summit provided a forum for leaders in the field to discuss current progress, challenges, and future developments in Bioelectronic Medicine. The main topics discussed at the summit are outlined here.
Occupational health risk among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: actions to limit the risk
Authors: Casper Eman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. The infection with coronavirus started in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. As of October 2020, the disease was reported in 235 countries. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. As of February 2021, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally is 102,942,987 and 2,232,233 deaths according to WHO report. This infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) β-coronavirus. The infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets.Healthcare workers (HCWs) play an essential role at the front lines, providing care for patients infected with this highly transmittable disease. They are exposed to very high occupational health risk as they frequently contact the infective persons. In order to limit the number of infected cases and deaths among healthcare workers, it is crucial to have better awareness, optimistic attitude, efficient PPE, and adequate health practices about COVID-19.
Indigenous plant foods of Dikgale community in South Africa
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndigenous plant materials are sources of staple food for many people in the world. In the African continent, many rural communities continue to collect, grow and consume rain-fed food crops. Consumption of these indigenous food sources could accomplish food security and improved nutrition to prevent hunger, poverty and malnutrition. The present study is an ethnobotanical study conducted to identify, collect and describe the indigenous plant foods used by the members of a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa, to fulfil dietary requirements. Ethnobotanical data were collected over 12 months through semi-structured interviews with men and women aged between 32 and 90 years. The study presents 27 indigenous pants belonging to 16 families. Of the species, six are sources of grain, twelve vegetables and eleven fruits. The grains and fewer vegetables and fruits are cultivated in the home gardens. Most of the vegetable and fruit crops grow in the wild, and their procurement is by collecting and gathering. Consumption of the plant materials is limited to their availability, which is determined by favourable environmental conditions. The study results could be used as part of the database for the indigenous resources and practices that the South African Government may consider towards the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and sustainable agriculture. The study suggests that food security could be attained by drawing on the indigenous skills and practices used to fulfil household dietary requirements.
Factors associated with the progression of deficit accumulation frailty among adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review revealing research gaps
Authors: Dee Brendan , Burke Eilish , Romero-Ortuno Roman , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary 
Published: May 2021

Background: People with an intellectual disability are more likely to experience frailty earlier in life and with greater severity compared to the general population. There is growing consideration of determinants of frailty and identifying factors which may influence the change in frailty status over time. The objective of this review was to investigate factors associated with the progression of frailty over time among adults with an intellectual disability. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies reporting factors associated with transitions and trajectories in deficit accumulation frailty among adults with an intellectual disability. The following eligibility criteria was used: defined frailty as deficit accumulation; longitudinal design; reported at least one individual characteristic associated with change in frailty status; sample was people with an intellectual disability aged ≥18 years; English language. No limitation on publication date was applied. Studies which did not measure frailty according to deficit accumulation, did not report the frailty measure used, or had a cross-sectional design were excluded. Selected studies were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework. Results: In total, two studies qualified for inclusion in this review. Findings revealed that frailty defined as deficit accumulation is a dynamic process and improvements are possible. Changes in the direction of frailty states over time among adults with an intellectual disability may be influenced by several factors including baseline frailty status, age, the presence of Down syndrome, functional ability, cognitive ability, living in a group home, and the use of nursing services and therapies. Conclusions: There is a relative paucity of research on frailty among adults with an intellectual disability and the evidence base must be grown. Exploration of the social domain of frailty in this group should be a priority of future research. PROSPERO registration: 179803 (05/07/2020)
Healthcare resource utilisation and mortality outcomes in international migrants to the UK: analysis protocol for a linked population-based cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and the Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Authors: Pathak Neha , Patel Parth , Burns Rachel , Haim Lucinda , Zhang Claire X. , Boukari Yamina , Gonzales-Izquierdo Arturo , Mathur Rohini , Minassian Caroline , Pitman Alexandra , Denaxas Spiros , Hemingway Harry , Hayward Andrew , Sonnenberg Pam , Aldridge Robert W. 
Published: May 2021

An estimated 14.2% (9.34 million people) of people living in the UK in 2019 were international migrants. Despite this, there are no large-scale national studies of their healthcare resource utilisation and little is known about how migrants access and use healthcare services. One ongoing study of migration health in the UK, the Million Migrants study, links electronic health records (EHRs) from hospital-based data, national death records and Public Health England migrant and refugee data. However, the Million Migrants study cannot provide a complete picture of migration health resource utilisation as it lacks data on migrants from Europe and utilisation of primary care for all international migrants. Our study seeks to address this limitation by using primary care EHR data linked to hospital-based EHRs and national death records. Our study is split into a feasibility study and a main study. The feasibility study will assess the validity of a migration phenotype, a transparent reproducible algorithm using clinical terminology codes to determine migration status in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), the largest UK primary care EHR. If the migration phenotype is found to be valid, the main study will involve using the phenotype in the linked dataset to describe primary care and hospital-based healthcare resource utilisation and mortality in migrants compared to non-migrants. All outcomes will be explored according to sub-conditions identified as research priorities through patient and public involvement, including preventable causes of inpatient admission, sexual and reproductive health conditions/interventions and mental health conditions. The results will generate evidence to inform policies that aim to improve migration health and universal health coverage.
Screening of cardiovascular risk assessment accuracy of anthropometric indices in Indian children and adolescents
Authors: Aggarwal Mohit , Singh Shailendra , Bansal Anubhuti , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Agrawal Anurag 
Published: May 2021

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the most popular anthropometric marker to define obesity and cardiometabolic risk. BMI is limited in its ability to discriminate central adiposity and other indices such as waist circumference (WC), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) could be a better choice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relative accuracy of these indices for the prediction of hypertension in Indian children and young adults. Methods: Anthropometric indices and blood pressure measurements were obtained in 2609 adolescent children and young adults (10-20 years) across a national residential school system. Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric parameters using the Box-Cox-Cole-Green method and World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Hypertension was defined using the sex, age and height specific cutoffs for systolic blood pressure. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the predictive ability. Results: Girls had higher BMI for age in our dataset (p < 0.001), along with higher odds for stunting (95% CI: 1.21 – 1.88) as well as central obesity (95% CI: 2.44 – 3.99). Hypertension was seen in 10.6% of the subjects, with higher age, and higher BMI or WHtR as the predictors. Prehypertension was higher in males (p <0.001). WHtR had acceptable but modest discrimination ability for hypertension (AUC > 0.6) in boys (AUC=0.62) and girls (AUC=0.66). Performance of BMI was better in boys (AUC = 0.67) but poor in girls (AUC = 0.55) Conclusion: WHtR was a better predictor of hypertension in Indian adolescent girls and could be used as an augmented parameter to BMI for a better assessment of cardiovascular risk.
A Cobra e o Sapo do Racismo no Brasil l The Evolving Nature of Racism and Anti-Racism In Brazil
Authors: Lindgren-Alves J. A. 
Published: May 2021

A morte repulsiva de George Floyd nos Estados Unidos trouxe de volta a luta contra o racismo estrutural para a frente dos movimentos sociais no mundo. O presente ensaio sumaria tendências gerais da evolução da questão racial no Brasil, para chegar à situação atual. Nesta, a militância antirracista se torna crescentemente radical, enquanto a destruição de conquistas prévias pelo governo extremista de direita prossegue sem oposição efetiva.Palavras-chaves: Racismo Estrutural; Antirracismo; Brasil. ABSTRACTThe outrageous killing of George Floyd in the United States brought back the fight against structural racism to the forefront of social movements in the world. This essay sumarizes general trends of the evolution of the racial question in Brazil, in order to reach the current Brazilian situation, in which advocacy of antirracism turns increasingly radical, while destruction of former advances goes on by the extremist far right government in power, without concrete opposition.Keywords: Structural Racism; Anti-Racism; Brazil. Recebido em: 20/04/2021.
EM DEFESA DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ENFRENTANDO O DESMONTE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Bicalho Ramofly , Macedo Pedro Clei Sanches , Rodrigues Guilherme Goretti 
Published: May 2021

A educação do campo, enquanto direito histórico dos camponeses, possibilita as condições de superação da realidade de injustiças que marcam o campo brasileiro. Representa o acúmulo de experiências políticas dos movimentos sociais populares, por uma educação que respeite a diversidade dos sujeitos, individuais e coletivos, do campo, assim como, as condições materiais e subjetivas de vida, por meio da luta por reforma agrária popular. Por outro lado, a educação do campo, enquanto política pública, foi duramente atacada nos últimos anos, reflexo do avanço do discurso ultraconservador que ameaça o conjunto dos povos tradicionais que lutam, trabalham e produzem conhecimento no campo. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo principal resgatar os elementos que sustentam as políticas públicas de educação do campo, fazendo frente ao atual cenário de retrocessos, por meio do fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais, educadores/as do campo, escolas e projetos político-pedagógicos emancipadores. Trata-se de uma apresentação de abordagem qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, com reflexões que contemplem os desafios e estratégias de luta na atualidade, para manutenção das políticas públicas de educação do campo, historicamente conquistadas. O artigo documental foi desenvolvido em acervos bibliográficos. Entre as fontes de investigação, utilizamos legislações, portarias e decretos acerca das interfaces entre políticas públicas de educação do campo e movimentos sociais. Concluímos que a educação do campo, como práxis libertadora, é utilizada no processo de compreensão das lutas e demandas educacionais defendida pelos movimentos sociais. Ela dialoga com os gestos, desejos, valores e a luta pela terra.
Application of an Ultrasonic Sensor to Monitor Soil Erosion and Deposition
Authors: Knox Jessica E. , Mittelstet Aaron R. 
Published: May 2021

HighlightsA sediment monitoring system was developed to measure erosion and deposition.The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to take high-frequency measurements.Tests in controlled lab settings showed high accuracy.The system measured 43.5 cm of deposition from two storm events.Abstract. Monitoring erosion at high temporal resolution can provide researchers and managers the data necessary to manage erosion. Current erosion monitoring methods tend to be invasive to the area of interest, record low-frequency measurements, have a narrow spatial range of measurement, or are expensive. There is a need for an affordable system capable of monitoring erosion and deposition non-invasively at high temporal resolution. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and construct a non-invasive sediment monitoring system (SMS) using an ultrasonic sensor capable of monitoring erosion and deposition continuously, (2) test the system in the lab and field, and (3) determine the applications and limitations of the system. The SMS was tested in the lab to determine the extent to which the soil type, slope, surface topography, change in distance, and vegetation impacted the measurements of the ultrasonic sensor. Soil type, slope, and surface topography had little effect on the measurement, but distance and the introduction of vegetation impacted the measurement. In the field during high flows, as erosion and deposition occurred, the changes in distance were determined in near real-time, allowing calculation of erosion and deposition quantities. The SMS was deployed to monitor deposition on sandy streambanks in the Nebraska Sandhills and erosion on a streambank and field plot in Lincoln, Nebraska. The SMS proved successful in measuring sediment change during high-flow events but yielded some error: ±1.06 mm in controlled lab settings and ±10.79 mm when subjected to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind. Keywords: Deposition, Erosion, Monitoring, Ultrasonic sensor.
Quantifying the Importance of Preferential Flow in a Riparian Buffer
Authors: Guertault Lucie , Fox Garey A. , Halihan Todd , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael 
Published: May 2021

HighlightsRiparian buffers and vegetative filter strips are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow.An innovative method is proposed to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore domains.Riparian buffer matrix and plot-scale infiltration experiments were simulated with HYDRUS-1D and VFSMOD.Preferential flow accounted for 32% to 47% of infiltration depending on hydrologic conditions.Preferential flow mechanisms should be incorporated into riparian buffer design tools and models.Abstract. Riparian buffers are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow due to the abundance of root channels, biological activity, and frequent wetting and drying cycles. Previous research has indicated such susceptibility and even measured the connectivity of preferential flow pathways with adjacent streams and rivers. However, limited research has attempted to partition the riparian buffer infiltration between matrix and preferential flow domains. The objectives of this research were to develop an innovative method to quantify soil matrix infiltration at the plot scale, develop a method to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore infiltration at the plot scale, and then use these methods to quantify the significance of macropore infiltration at a riparian buffer site. This research further demonstrated the importance of considering preferential flow processes in design tools and models to evaluate riparian buffer effectiveness. Sprinkler and runon field experiments were conducted at an established riparian buffer site with sandy loam soil. Trenches were installed and instrumented with soil moisture sensors along the width of the riparian buffer (i.e., along the flow path toward the stream) for detecting non-uniform flow patterns due to preferential flow. Riparian buffer parameters, including soil hydraulic parameters, were estimated using HYDRUS-1D for the sprinkler experiments and VFSMOD for the runon experiments. This research partitioned the infiltration into matrix and preferential flow domains by assuming negligible exchange of water between the soil matrix and preferential flow pathways in comparison to the magnitude of soil matrix flow. For these experimental conditions with 0.20 to 0.48 L s-1 of runon and initial soil water contents of 0.29 to 0.32 cm3 cm-3, preferential flow accounted for at least 27% to 32% of the total runon water entering the riparian buffer. This corresponded to approximately 32% to 47% of the total infiltration. While increasing the riparian buffer plot soil hydraulic conductivity in single-porosity models can adequately predict the total infiltration and therefore the surface outflow from the buffer, design tools and models should specifically consider preferential flow processes to improve predictive power regarding the actual infiltration processes and correspondingly the non-equilibrium flow and solute transport mechanisms. Keywords: Flow partitioning, HYDRUS, Matrix flow, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, VFSMOD.
Who Is Leading the Field in 2020?: AAIDD Students and Early Career Professionals
Authors: Crane Jill M. , Williamson Heather J. , Raley Sheida K. , Hagiwara Mayumi , Lee Chung eun , Havercamp Susan M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) has been a leader in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities since its founding in 1876. Today, student and early career professionals make up approximately 8.5% of the organization, with their engagement supported by the Student and Early Career Professional Interest Network (SECP). An article by Havercamp et al. (2003), “Who Will Lead the Field Beyond 2020?”, recommended organizational changes that have been largely addressed in the years following by SECP. The present research replicates Havercamp et al.'s (2003) original survey of the organization's student and early career professionals, and results support the effectiveness of SECP as a welcoming platform from which students and early career professionals can establish themselves in the organization.
Power scaling of continuous-wave second harmonic generation in a MgO:PPLN ridge waveguide and the application to a compact wavelength conversion module
Authors: Cho Chun-Yu , Lai Jui-Yu , Hsu Chen-Shao , Huang Yu-Tai , Jang Jeng-Han , Chou Ming-Hsien 
Published: May 2021

The power scaling of continuous-wave (CW) second harmonic generation (SHG) in a MgO:periodically poled lithium niobite (PPLN) ridge waveguide is investigated. The nonlinear coefficient and propagation loss factors of the MgO:PPLN waveguide are verified for future reference. The MgO:PPLN waveguide structure is determined according to a practical fiber coupling configuration, as well as the theoretical model of output power characteristics. Utilizing the designed MgO:PPLN waveguide, the 775 nm SHG power successfully reaches up to 4.02 W at an incident power of 7 W with overall conversion efficiency of 58%. Finally, a compact all-fiber waveguide conversion module is demonstrated for verifying the feasibility of commercial applications.