bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coins of Andraba city -Study in the history of the political city-: مسكوكات مدينة أَنْدَرابَة -دراسة في تاريخ المدينة السياسي-
Authors: Mohammed Hassan Suhail  
Published: May 2021

In the Islamic era through the inscription of he economic and political history of the city Andiraba of the Code of money multiplied by the city's historical information codified for the first time did not record it contemporary historical sources, the study showed that the city rotation on its local families governor the authority of the 'Abbasid caliphate under the supervision of the samanid principality that ruled the territory is an important financial center in Andiraba what is behind the river period (261-389e/874-998m),the city of Islamic era, where it mines silver metal silver center Lasik dirhams in the territory of the Islamic East without the money to the princes of the city and the dates of their judgment as well as the names of the rulers of the Islamic Emirates that ruled the Islamic East in the Middle Ages
جدولة مياه الري لمحصول النجيل في جامعة الملك سعود
Authors: سعيد محمد عبده 
Published: May 2021

في هذه الدراسة، تمت جدولة مياه الري اللازمة لنبات النجيل المزروع في جامعة الملك سعود. ولمعرفة خصائص التربة وملوحة المياه المستخدمة في الري فقد تم تحليل عينات من منطقة الدراسة لهذا الغرض. تشير بيانات المناخ التي تم تحليلها إلى ارتفاع معدل التبخر نتح المرجعي في شهر يوليو وانخفاضها في شهر يناير. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة تفاوت دورة الري في منطقة الدراسة ما بين يومين في شهر إبريل، مايو، يونيو، يوليو، أغسطس وسبتمبر لتبلغ ستة أيام في شهر يناير. بلغت كمية المياه لكل دورة ري تسعة عشر ملم.
Islamic Biography Books and Their Significance in preserving Cultural and Scientific Heritage of Islam: كتب التراجم الإسلامية وأهميتها في الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي والعلمي الإسلامي
Authors: Mohamed Saeed" Salah Athamneh"  
Published: May 2021

This research aims to reveal the reality Islamic biography books and their Significance in preserving Cultural and Scientific Heritage of Islam. This research is based on the historical resources and references (most significantly، mental and literary books، as modern and late biography ones. Moreover، the study explains how biography books have contributed in the cultural، scientific and cultural development of the Arab Islamic nation via the earlier start of the Islamic culture; and the role of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah in its development and prosperity. Furthermore، the study highlights the development of writing biography books، the factors that distributed in its foundation، the efforts made by the scolars of biography books to highlight the civilizational، scientific and cultural image of the Islamic nation via the ages. As well as the Arab-Islamic civilization's. Eventually، the research came with a conclusion that clarified the results of the study.
The relationship between the process of remembering and the process of self- narration in Horlock`s The Book of Lies and Roth`s Indignation: العلاقة بين عمليتي التذكر والسرد الذاتي في رواية "كتاب الكذب" لماري هورلوك ورواية "السخط" لفيليب روث
Authors: Najah Naif Al-Harby  
Published: May 2021

In the Book of Lies by Mary Horlock and Indignation by Philip Roth, the relationship between the process of remembering and the process of self -narration is embodied creatively. As a fellow contemporary writer Julian Barnes points out: ‘Memory is identity....You are what you have done; what you have done is in your memory; what you remember defines who you are; when you forget your life you cease to be, even before your death.’([1]).This paper will examine the profound impact of memory on the two narrators (protagonists as well); Catherine and Marcus, and how they construct identity in their narrations` process. It will shed light on how both narrators allow their past to illuminate their current lives. Recollecting past memories of school, campus life, parents and friends has a great influence on narrating the two stories. Moreover, referring to historical memories of Korean War and German occupation of Guernsey is a significant factor of defining the (self) for Catherine and Marcus.
Формування та розвиток системи контролінгу на промислових підприємствах
Authors: Бужимська Катерина Олександрівна , Царук Ірина Михайлівна 
Published: May 2021

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність використання в практиці вітчизняних підприємств системи контролінгу. Визначено її характерні складові та запропоновано методичний інструментарій, який дозволить вчасно коригувати розвиток підприємства в процесі його виробничо-господарської діяльності. Формування та розвиток систем та інструментів контролінгу, що включає постійний збір та обробку інформації, яка використовується для прийняття як оперативних, так і стратегічних управлінських рішень, представлено одним із напрямів удосконалення управлінської діяльності на промислових підприємствах.
Уточнено поняття «контролінгу» як основи концепції ефективного управління промисловим підприємством. Представлено авторське визначення контролінгу як функціонально відокремленої сфери економічної роботи на підприємстві, пов’язаної з реалізацією фінансово-економічної коментуючої функції в управлінні для прийняття оперативних і стратегічних рішень. Визначено головну мету впровадження контролінгу на підприємствах, яка полягає у побудові ефективної системи для прийняття, впровадження, контролю та аналізу управлінських рішень на підприємстві. Сформульовано основні постулати сучасної філософії контролінгу через взаємозв’язок напрямів зростання ефективності діяльності підприємства в цілому та його підрозділів. Обґрунтовано характерні особливості концепції контролінгу, серед яких найголовнішою визначено орієнтацію на майбутнє, тобто зауважено, що контролінг, використовуючи управлінську інформацію, прагне зменшити невизначеність майбутнього та адаптувати дії підприємства до постійно мінливих умов.
За результатами проведеного дослідження ідентифіковано низку завдань, які необхідно вирішити, впроваджуючи контролінг на підприємстві, основними з яких встановлено: оптимізацію управління організаційною структурою підприємства; організацію ефективної системи обліку операцій та результатів; впровадження систем планування, контролю та аналізу діяльності; забезпечення мотивації персоналу у підвищенні ефективності роботи підприємства; автоматизацію систем бухгалтерського обліку та управління підприємством. Визначено результативні аспекти функціонування системи контролінгу та обґрунтовано новітні концепції контролінгу, які можна успішно використовувати на вітчизняних промислових підприємствах.
Економіко-правові аспекти діяльності закладів громадського харчування Житомира на початку ХХ столітт
Authors: Тарасюк Галина Миколаївна , Чагайда Андрій Олегович , Мілінчук Ольга Володимирівна 
Published: May 2021

Фундамент сучасного міського господарства міста Житомира почав закладатися на рубежі ХІХ–ХХ ст. У цей період активно розвивалася промисловість, торгівля, фінансові установи, а також сфера гостинності. Економіко-правові аспекти діяльності тогочасних закладів громадського харчування регулювалися Положенням про трактирні заклади 1863 року, згідно з якими до трактирних закладів належали готелі, подвір’я, мебльовані квартири, кімнати, ресторації, кавові будинки, кафе-ресторани, харчевні, буфети, трактири, намети для відпочинку та інші заклади з правом «тримати стіл» і подавати напої. Відповідно до законодавчих актів для цих підприємств встановлювався трактирний збір, розмір якого визначався спеціальною комісією Міської думи. Аналіз архівних даних щодо видачі дозволів на відкриття трактирних закладів, а також патентів дозволив авторам у статті узагальнити перелік з 5 ресторанів, 25 трактирів третього розряду з продажем алкогольних напоїв, 9 буфетів, 5 ренських льохів, 6 льохів російських вин (розпивочних), 1 пивної лавки трактирного промислу, 67 пивних розпивочних лавок, які діяли у 1912 році в місті Житомирі.
На основі архівних довідок щодо сплати трактирного збору у 1913 році в статті було сформовано унікальні списки ресторанів і трактирів третього розряду; льохів, буфетів та пивних лавок трактирного типу; а також розпивочних пивних лавок із зазначенням їх власників та місць розташування в Житомирі. У статті проаналізовано розподіл трактирних закладів на групи (розряди) та порядок визначення трактирного збору для кожної із груп. Підкреслено роль ресторанів та інших закладів харчування в складі або поряд із закладами розміщення. Проілюстровано оригінальну довідку про сплату трактирного збору власником ресторану, розташованого у готелі «Франція». У висновках підкреслено, що з початком Першої світової війни кількість закладів трактирного промислу постійно зменшувалась, а встановлення радянської влади призвело до остаточного припинення діяльності приватних закладів громадського харчування.
Mosquito surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in four territorial units of Slovakia and description of a confirmed autochthonous human case of West Nile fever, 2018 to 2019
Authors: Čabanová Viktória , Tichá Elena , Bradbury Richard Stewart , Zubriková Dana , Valentová Daniela , Chovancová Gabriela , Grešáková Ľubomíra , Víchová Bronislava , Šikutová Silvie , Csank Tomáš , Hurníková Zuzana , Miterpáková Martina , Rudolf Ivo 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite the known circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in Slovakia, no formal entomological surveillance programme has been established there thus far.

Aim
To conduct contemporaneous surveillance of WNV and USUV in different areas of Slovakia and to assess the geographical spread of these viruses through mosquito vectors. The first autochthonous human WNV infection in the country is also described.

Methods
Mosquitoes were trapped in four Slovak territorial units in 2018 and 2019. Species were characterised morphologically and mosquito pools screened for WNV and USUV by real-time reverse-transcription PCRs. In pools with any of the two viruses detected, presence of pipiens complex group mosquitoes was verified using molecular approaches.

Results
Altogether, 421 pools containing in total 4,508 mosquitoes were screened. Three pools tested positive for WNV and 16 for USUV. USUV was more prevalent than WNV, with a broader spectrum of vectors and was detected over a longer period (June–October vs August for WNV). The main vectors of both viruses were Culex pipiens sensu lato. Importantly, WNV and USUV were identified in a highly urbanised area of Bratislava city, Slovakias’ capital city. Moreover, in early September 2019, a patient, who had been bitten by mosquitoes in south-western Slovakia and who had not travelled abroad, was laboratory-confirmed with WNV infection.

Conclusion
The entomological survey results and case report increase current understanding of the WNV and USUV situation in Slovakia. They underline the importance of vector surveillance to assess public health risks posed by these viruses.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF GLOBE VALVE USING CLASSICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: OLUGBENGA ABORISADE DAVID , OLAJIDE OKELOLA MUNIRU , ADESOLA ADEWUYI PHILIP 
Published: May 2021

The importance of globe valve in fluid handling and control cannot be overemphasized. It is useful in oil and gas applications. If globe valve is not properly modelled, its primary purpose of regulation of fluid flow may be defeated. In this work, model of globe valve is developed from basic mechanical principles. The resulting model is a second order system whose response to a step input signal gives no overshoot. Further stability analysis with bode plot, Nyquist plot and root locus plot give a stable system indicating that the developed globe valve model is suitable for relevant areas of application.
Leisure pedagogy – the key to develop professional competences
Authors: Denysenko A. , Mkrtichian O. , Biletska S. , Kovtun A. 
Published: May 2021

The article deals with issues related to the definition of professional and leisure competencies, the need to create a leisure environment in a higher education institution as an important factor in the formation of professional competencies of future educators.
The content and methods, essence and technologies, functions and role of leisure activities for self-realization of personality research of scientists (I. Biletska, I. Boichev, V. Bochelyuk, N. Huziy, N. Maksimvska, B. Naboka, I. Petrova, I. Sidor, O. Tadeusz, B. Titov) are described in the article.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the organization of leisure activities in a higher pedagogical institution, the result of which is the successful socialization of the student's personality and the formation of leisure competence in future teachers.
Professional leisure competence of the teacher is a specific professional and personal education, which provides productive pedagogical activity in the field of cultural and educational leisure and recreation, promotes the successful realization of educational tasks, allows effective use of artistic and creative forms and specific methods of teaching and upbringing in pedagogically organized leisure and form a certain integrated professional competence system of teacher who organizes cultural and leisure activities and recreation; and also ensure that future professionals are prepared for successful cultural and educational activities.
Thus, the social state of society, the task of building a democratic state and the civil society creation encourage the educational process to be improved.
Vocational training for future educators has potential reserves for a more effective formation of readiness to organize leisure activities. Further research may be aimed at identifying the features of the professional leisure competences’ formation in future educators, in accordance with requirements of new generation standards, which take into account the harmonization of specialist training’s content in the context of European integration and current trends in labor market.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Materi Matriks
Authors: Mareta Alifiana , Sa'dijah Cholis , Chandra Tjang Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik kesalahan siswa dalam menyesaikan soal cerita materi matriks sehingga dapat dilakukan tindakan yang tepat agar kesalahan yang sama tidak terjadi lagi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif karena bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Pada 24 Maret 2021 sebanyak 36 siswa dari kelas XI IPA 6 di SMAN 1 Sampang terlibat dalam penelitian ini, namun dipilih 2 siswa yang akan dianalisis mendalam berdasarkan banyaknya kesalahanan yang dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan instrumen pelacak. Analisis kesalahan dilakukan berdasarkan 1 soal cerita materi matriks. Siswa 1 dan Siswa 2 melakukan kesalahan dalam tiga tahapan, yakni dalam memahami masalah, kesalahan dalam merencanakan penyelesaian masalah dan kesalahan dalam melaksanakan penyelesaian masalah. Berdasarkan dari penelitian tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa siswa yang memiliki banyak kesalahpahaman dalam materi prasyarat akan lebih sering melakukan kesalahan dalam tahapan penyelesaian masalah soal cerita.
Clinical and laboratory differences and role of gene xpert in tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Shah Manoj Kumar , Baral Sushil , Bhattarai Tulsi 
Published: May 2021

Background: The diagnosis of pleural effusion and its cause are essential for pleural fluid analysis. We have evaluated clinical and laboratory differences among the tubercular pleural effusion.
Methods: The cross-sectional, observational hospital based study was conducted in Bir hospital, Nepal. All patients were evaluated by clinically and laboratory investigations. Patients enrolled for study have pleural effusion and pleural fluid analysis indicative of an exudative pleural effusion using lights criteria. The criteria of enrollment of the patients were pleural fluid for Adenosine deaminizes value more than 40 IU/L, positive for gene xpert test and pleural effusion of any cases with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients were divided into two groups lymphocytic and neutrophilic predominant pleural effusion.
Results: Among 100 patients with diagnosis of exudative tubercular pleural effusion, the most common symptom was pleuritic chest pain in 85%, followed by fever in 84% and cough in 82%. Among the tubercular pleural effusion, 21% had neutrophils predominant and 79% had Lymphocytes predominant. The patients with neutrophil predominant Tubercular pleural effusion had higher fever rates (90.5vs.82.5%) than those with lymphocyte-predominant Tubercular pleural effusion. The mean value of Neutrophil predominant pleural fluid for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 1657.5 IU/L and protein was 5.3gm/dl and in lymphocyte predominant pleural fluid for LDH value was 610.2 IU/L and protein was 4.6 gm/dl; the difference was statistically significant with P value of <0.001. Only 15% of patients had sputum positive for Acid fast bacilli. Among the sputum positive patients, 47% had positive for pleural fluid for gene xpert test with all patients had rifampicin sensitive. The sensitivity of pleural fluid for gene xpert test was 46.6%, and specificity was 90%.
Conclusion: In pleural effusion, the positivity of gene xpert for pleural fluid was higher among the sputum positive patients. The prevalence of Neutrophil-predominant pleural effusion was common in tubercular pleural effusion.
Awareness regarding organ transplantation among visitors of the ICU patients in three tertiary care centres in Kathmandu, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Gentle S. , Bhattarai Amit S , Yonjen Tseten , Bhandari Ramesh S , Lakhey Paleswan J , Acharya Subhash P , Singh Shreejana , Marhatta Moda N 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims: Organ transplant is often the only viable treatment option for various end stage organ failures. Inadequacy of organ procurement from living as well as cadaveric donors is common, more so in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding organ transplantation.
Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 150 respondents, who were the visitors of patients admitted to ICU of three tertiary care centres in Kathmandu.
Results: Majority of the respondents were male 105 (70%) and 132 (88%) were aware about organ transplant. Likewise, 111 respondents (84.1%) hold the belief that organ transplant save lives. Ninety-four of the responses (34.8%) believe that media was the source of knowledge and 121 (91.7 %) of the respondents stated that organ transplant should be promoted. Majority of them, 80 of the total respondents (60.6%) believed that organ can be donated by both living and deceased donors and 111 (84.1%) of them believed that organ transplant save lives. While 88 of the respondents (66.7%) have heard about brain death, 60 of them (45.4%) believe that there is an organ transplant act in Nepal. Out of all respondents who are aware about transplantation, 91 of them (68.9%) have opinion that they are willing to donate the organ of their beloved ones should there be a situation of brain death.
Conclusions: The study concludes that respondents have adequate knowledge regarding organ transplantation. Respondents have overall positive attitude towards organ donation and transplantation.
Association between lipid indices and 10-year cardiovascular risk of a cohort of black Africans living with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is an established cardiovascular risk factor. Diabetes mellitus impairs lipid metabolism and enhances atherosclerosis development. Absolute lipid parameter are inadequate in predicting cardiovascular risk and some lipid indices have been reported to circumvent this deficiency. The objective of the study was to determine the association between these lipid indices and 10-year cardiovascular risk among black Africans with diabetes.
Methods Seventy individuals (35 males and 35 females) living with diabetes who attended the diabetes clinic of a referral hospital in South-western Nigeria were recruited to the study. Ethical approval and participants’ informed consent were duly obtained. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin were done using appropriate laboratory techniques. Atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic coefficient, Castelli’s risk index I, Castelli’s risk index II and CHOLindex were calculated using appropriate formulae. QRISK 3 score was obtained using a validated calculator. The association between QRISK 3 and the lipid indices was determined using Pearson’s correlation.
Results The mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus among the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. The mean HbA1c and FPG were 6.98±0.72% and 6.32±0.87 mmol/L respectively. The mean QRISK 3 score was 7.58±4.80. There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between QRISK 3 score and AIP, AC, CR I and CR II. CHOLindex did not significantly correlate with QRISK 3 score.
Conclusion Among black Africans with diabetes, lipid indices (AIP, AC, CR I and CR II) significantly correlated with QRISK 3 score and therefore may be used as cheap markers of 10-year cardiovascular risk in these individuals.
COVID-19: Vaccine and antimicrobial resistance what are the global implications?
Authors: Robinson Jared , Leclézio Alexandra , Banerjee Indrajit 
Published: May 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide and highly quantified risk to global health and is more prevalent than resistance developed in vaccines as both antimicrobial resistance and vaccine resistance develop in different settings and because of alternate mechanisms. Vaccines act as a preventative measure and allow the immune system to kill any pathogen in the initial phases when the load is relatively low. This circumvents the replication of the pathogen and thus prevents the formation of mutations and furthermore resistance which is attributed to those mutations. Mutations in the target and or binding sites of a said therapeutic regime confer resistance more often in antimicrobials than they do vaccines.
The alteration of a vaccines binding site does not confer resistance as a vaccine produces a wide spectrum of antibodies due to multiple epitopes on the said antigen, the remaining antibodies are thus still protective. In antimicrobials however, the drug targets a specific site and is not dynamic and thus if a mutation of the site arises, the drug efficacy is reduced.
Although vaccine resistance is less quantified it may also pose a substantial risk to Global health as currently evident with the COVID-19 pandemic. The current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has developed a host of mutations which are displaying a degree of resistance and reduced efficacy to the vaccines. This reduced efficacy and resistance of the mutations to current vaccination programmes, poses a risk to global health. It is vital for new vaccines to be synthesized to specifically be active against the variants. It is likely that the synthesis and development of new vaccines to counter new variants as they arise will be an ongoing process. It is evident in future that new vaccines to the mutations in COVID-19 may have to be developed as they are for the seasonal influenzae virus.