bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental limits and optimal estimation of the resonance frequency of a linear harmonic oscillator
Authors: Wang Mingkang , Zhang Rui , Ilic Robert , Liu Yuxiang , Aksyuk Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll physical oscillators are subject to thermodynamic and quantum perturbations, fundamentally limiting measurement of their resonance frequency. Analyses assuming specific ways of estimating frequency can underestimate the available precision and overlook unconventional measurement regimes. Here we derive a general, estimation-method-independent Cramer Rao lower bound for a linear harmonic oscillator resonance frequency measurement uncertainty, seamlessly accounting for the quantum, thermodynamic and instrumental limitations, including Fisher information from quantum backaction- and thermodynamically driven fluctuations. We provide a universal and practical maximum-likelihood frequency estimator reaching the predicted limits in all regimes, and experimentally validate it on a thermodynamically limited nanomechanical oscillator. Low relative frequency uncertainty is obtained for both very high bandwidth measurements (≈10−5 for τ = 30 μs) and measurements using thermal fluctuations alone (<10−6). Beyond nanomechanics, these results advance frequency-based metrology across physical domains.
Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Stuttering Management Among Adolescents: Part I. Scale Development
Authors: Zebrowski Patricia M. , Rodgers Naomi H. , Gerlach Hope , Paiva Andrea L. , Robbins Mark L. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This article is the first in a two-part series on the application of the
Transtheoretical Model
to stuttering management among adolescents. In this article, we describe the process of developing measures to assess stage of change (SOC) by defining behaviors of stuttering management, as well as the two primary cognitive constructs that underlie one's readiness to make behavioral change: decisional balance (DB) and situational self-efficacy (SSE). This work hinges on the ability to develop an operational definition of what it means to successfully manage or do something positive about one's stuttering.

Method
We used an iterative process to develop the three scales. Through qualitative analysis of key informant interview and focus group transcripts with 24 adolescents who stutter and 26 clinicians specializing in stuttering, we developed stuttering-specific SOC, DB, and SSE scales. The drafted scales were cognitively tested with nine adolescents who stutter.

Results
Thematic analysis yielded a three-part definition of successful stuttering management that formed the basis for the SOC scale: (a) learning and using strategies to modify speech or stuttering, (b) changing negative thoughts and attitudes regarding stuttering, and (c) talking without avoiding sounds, words, or situations. Results from this analysis support a broader view of successful stuttering management; that is, it is likely that doing so requires more than just behavior change, which has long been considered the main objective of stuttering treatment. Additional analyses yielded pros and cons of managing stuttering (62 items for the DB scale) and situations in which it is difficult to manage stuttering (39 items for the SSE scale).

Conclusions
Qualitative analyses provided a three-part definition of “stuttering management” and a comprehensive pool of items that would allow measurement of DB and SSE that underlie readiness to manage stuttering among adolescents. In the companion article in this two-part series, we describe the next step in scale development: exploratory scale validation of the drafted SOC, DB, and SSE scales.
Age-Related Functional Reserve Decline Is Not Seen in Pharyngeal Swallowing Pressures
Authors: Jones Corinne A. , Colletti Christina M. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeFunctional reserve represents the difference between an individual's ability to produce a maximum output function and the ability to perform a functional task. Several studies have documented an age-related decrease in functional reserve with oral tongue pressure generation. Whether this pattern is seen in pharyngeal swallowing pressures is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate pharyngeal functional reserve using high-resolution manometry during normal-effort and effortful swallows.MethodPharyngeal high-resolution manometry was performed on 38 younger healthy individuals (≤ 40 years) and 18 older healthy individuals (≥ 60 years) during normal-effort and effortful water swallows. Pressure metrics included maximum pressure in the velopharynx, tongue base, and hypopharynx, as well as pharyngeal contractile integral and minimum pressure in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of swallow task, age, and pharyngeal region on pressure generation.ResultsMaximum pharyngeal pressures and pharyngeal contractile integral were significantly increased during the effortful swallows compared to normal-effort swallows (p< .001), but there were no interactions between task and age in pharyngeal pressures. In the UES, minimum pressures were significantly elevated in older individuals during effortful swallows compared to normal-effort swallows (p= .007) but did not follow a pattern consistent with reduced functional reserve.ConclusionsHealthy individuals increase pharyngeal driving pressures during effortful swallows, without an age-related reduction in the magnitude of pressure increase. Thus, this study did not find evidence for an age-related reduction in pharyngeal functional reserve. The preserved ability to increase pharyngeal pressures during effortful swallowing in aging may support the use of behavioral swallowing interventions in older individuals without neuromuscular conditions.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16606709
Finding Voice: A Survey of Clinical Fellows and Early Career Clinicians Specializing in Voice and Voice Disorders
Authors: Procter Teresa , Codino Juliana , Rubin Adam 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
In speech-language pathology, training in the treatment and evaluation of voice and voice disorders exists at the university level, fellowship level, and in early career opportunities. These opportunities, specifically in voice, are limited, resulting in a highly competitive process for those pursuing a career in voice pathology. This study aims to identify characteristics and trends of clinicians who have started a voice-focused career.

Method
A 34-question online survey was distributed to early career clinicians, defined as less than 5 years of practice with Certification of Clinical Competence, and clinical fellows with voice patients comprising at least 75% of their caseload. The survey was structured on seven topics: demographics and current clinical practice, application and interview process for clinical fellowship (CF), graduate clinical experience in voice, voice performance background and education, research experience, supplementary education and training, and networking.

Results
Fifty-six individuals responded to the survey. Over 80% of study participants reported experiences as a voice or singing voice performer, commitments to supplementary training and education, and a graduate clinical placement in voice, all prior to their CF. Fifty-two of the 56 respondents (92.9%) believe there are currently not enough voice-specific CF training opportunities.

Conclusions
Background in performance voice, obtaining a graduate-level voice placement, and early demonstration of commitment through networking and extracurricular activities are common findings in those successful starting careers in voice pathology. Acquisition of a CF position with specialization in voice and voice disorders is challenging due to the limited number of positions.
Foreignness research in international business: Major streams and future directions
Authors: Lu Jane W. , Ma Hao , Xie Xuanli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForeignness has long been a central construct in international business research, with research streams examining its conceptualizations, manifestations, and consequences. Researchers started by taking foreignness to be a liability, then later considered the possibility of its being an asset. A still more recent view is that foreignness is an organizational identity that a firm can purposefully manage. Broadly conceived, foreignness is an umbrella construct that directly or tangentially covers research on country of origin, institutional distance, firm-specific advantages, and the ownership–location–internalization eclectic paradigm. We review the body of research on foreignness and track the evolution of its four streams, liability of foreignness, asset of foreignness, drivers of foreignness, and firm responses to foreignness. We call for a clearer conceptualization and a sounder theoretical grounding of the foreignness construct, more integration of the liability of foreignness and the asset of foreignness research streams, greater attention to the multiple strategies firms use to manage foreignness, and the extension of the field to less-explored contexts such as emerging economies, digitalization, and de-globalization.
Angular-adjustable single-channel narrow-band filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure
Authors: Wang Fang , Song Xiao-Ying , Chio U-Fat , Wang Wei , Tang Xiao-Hong 
Published: September 2021

In this work, we designed a narrow-band filter based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure featuring an angle-adjustable single-channel. The design presented here is based on a quarter-wave reflector with a mirror defect layer in the middle of the structure. By combining two defective one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs), we obtained a heterostructure in which the two sub-PCs had the wavelengths of their defect modes, that is, the same at one incident angle and different at all other incident angles. This structure possessed the single-channel resonant peak in the transmission spectrum under either a normal or an oblique incident angle, and the angle-adjustability was related to the two modifying parameters. The filter based on this heterostructure possessed not only a narrow passband but also a sharp angular pass breadth. These properties have potential applications in angular tunable, single-channel narrow-band filters.
Effect of fractal particle size distribution on the mobility of dry granular flows
Authors: Lai Zhiqiang , Chen Dong , Jiang Enhui , Zhao Lianjun , Vallejo Luis E. , Zhou Wei 
Published: September 2021

This paper performs a numerical investigation on the kinetic behaviors of dry granular flows generated by the collapse of granular columns with different fractal particle size distributions (FPSDs) using the discrete element method. The FPSD has a remarkable impact on the regime and mobility of a granular flow. As the fractal dimension of a granular assembly increases, the translational velocities of the particles increase in the horizontal direction, whereas the rotational velocities decrease. The number of particles involved in the horizontal spreading increases due to the decreasing intensity of the contact shearing particle behavior. These increased translational velocities in the horizontal direction effectively facilitate particle spreading. A boundary layer is formed at the front bottom of the granular body in which the clockwise rotational velocities of particles are significantly increased, thereby benefiting particle spreading. The whole front of the granular flow obtains an immense spreading velocity. Moreover, the translational and rotational characteristics are dependent on the particle size. Smaller particles tend to translate and rotate faster than larger particles because of the greater particle contact forces of the former. As the fractal dimension increases, medium- and large-size particles obtain less kinetic energy than do small-size particles. Therefore, small-size particles play a crucial role in the mobility of granular flows in a granular assembly with a high fractal dimension.
Deep learning identifies synergistic drug combinations for treating COVID-19
Authors: Jin Wengong , Stokes Jonathan M. , Eastman Richard T. , Itkin Zina , Zakharov Alexey V. , Collins James J. , Jaakkola Tommi S. , Barzilay Regina 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceCOVID-19 has caused more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide. It is imperative that we develop therapies that can mitigate the effect of the disease. While searching for individual drugs for this purpose has been met with difficulties, synergistic drug combinations offer a promising alternative. However, the lack of high-quality training data pertaining to drug combinations makes it challenging to use existing machine learning methods for effective novel combination prediction tasks. Our proposed approach addresses this challenge by leveraging additional readily available data, such as drug−target interactions, thus enabling an effective in silico search for synergistic combinations against SARS-CoV-2.
Summative and formative pronunciation assessment in Polish
secondary schools
Authors: Baran-Lucarz Malgorzata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter reports on a study verifying the
frequency with which summative (SA) and formative assessment (FA) of
pronunciation is used during EFL courses in secondary schools in
Poland. It also shows aspects of pronunciation students are
typically assessed for and types of tasks chosen by teachers as a
basis for pronunciation assessment provision. Additionally, it
presents students’ opinions on the consequences of the amount and
quality of pronunciation feedback and assessment offered to them
during their secondary school education. The chapter opens with an
overview of SA and FA and the types and roles of assessment in
pronunciation teaching. It closes with several practical
implications related to the use of pronunciation SA and FA, derived
from the reported study.
Corrective feedback and unintelligibility
Authors: Scheuer Sylwia , Horgues Céline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the relative salience of
L2 English pronunciation errors, which may inform teaching
priorities in contexts where learners are consciously oriented
towards a native speaker model. Error salience is considered from
two interrelated viewpoints: errors’ potential for leading to
miscommunication (unintelligibility), and their capacity for
eliciting remedial response from interlocutors (corrective
feedback). Our study, which builds on our previous research into the
two domains, uses the bilingual French-English SITAF tandem corpus.
The analysis of the English conversational data reveals that L2
mispronunciation was the single most important factor leading to
communication breakdowns, whereas vocabulary was most likely to
generate corrective feedback (CF) from native English interlocutors.
Pronunciation-induced miscommunication was principally linked to
suprasegmental features, especially erroneous word stress.
Mobile apps for pronunciation training
Authors: Walesiak Beata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores adult learners’
perceptions towards using apps for pronunciation training and the
engagement and retention rates of mobile technologies for
pronunciation practice. The study focuses on five apps that address
different areas of pronunciation selected by the teacher-researcher.
The findings show that learners are keen on using pronunciation apps
to learn pronunciation, but the frequency of self-reported mobile
app use and time devoted to their use dwindle without the teacher’s
guidance. A discussion of the learners’ engagement with and
retention of the apps is offered, together with a number of
recommendations to facilitate the integration of apps into
pronunciation instruction.
Educating the animal welfare practitioners of the future.
Authors: Dwyer Cathy , Bacon Heather , Coombs Tamsin , Langford Fritha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This chapter discusses the different ethical viewpoints and addresses why people make choices or behave in ways that may not seem rational or appropriate. Understanding science and human decision making, and how behaviour is influenced, are crucial in improving animal welfare. It also describes how animal welfare practitioners must require a scientific understanding of animal wants and needs, and an ability to carry out ethical reasoning and to advocate for animal welfare in legal and policy decisions.
Protecting animals in India: a government perspective through history to the present day.
Authors: Singh Vijay Pal , Khanna Sujoy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In this chapter, the authors describe the welfare challenges and opportunities of modern-day India, with a particular focus on street animals and performing animals. They explore how ancient laws and religions have shaped today's society, the government and laws and how these are enforced, and the role of practitioners in India who want to make changes to benefit animal welfare.
Heat has larger impacts on labor in poorer areas
*
Authors: Behrer A P , Park R J , Wagner G , Golja C M , Keith D W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hotter temperature can reduce labor productivity, work hours, and labor income. The effects of heat are likely to be a joint consequence of both exposure and vulnerability. Here we explore the impacts of heat on labor income in the US, using regional wealth as a proxy for vulnerability. We find that one additional day >32 °C (90 °F) lowers annual payroll by 0.04%, equal to 2.1% of average weekly earnings. Accounting for humidity results in slightly more precise estimates. Proxying for wealth with dividend payments we find smaller impacts of heat in counties with higher average wealth. Temperature projections for 2040–50 suggest that earnings impacts may be 95% smaller for US counties in the richest decile relative to the poorest. Considering the within country distribution of vulnerability, in addition to exposure, to climate change could substantially change estimated within-country differences between the rich and poor in income losses from climate change.
SEQEL: a tool for biological sequence manipulation in Emacs
Authors: Xu Zhenjiang Zech , Lu Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Summary
Sequences are arguably the most common biological data. An easy-to-use tool can greatly facilitate daily manipulation and analysis of biological sequences. Here, we present SEQEL, a tool providing a convenient environment for editing, formatting and rendering of DNA, RNA and protein sequences. This is accomplished by extending the commonly used text editor, Emacs, which is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS.

Availability and Implementation
The unit tested ELISP source code for seqel is freely available from https://github.com/rnaer/seqel along with documentation.

Contact
zhenjiang.xu@gmail.com
Phylogenetic diversity and clustering in modern vegetation communities reflects habitat formation and age during the late Cenozoic in New Zealand
Authors: Heenan Peter B , McCarthy James K , Richardson Sarah J , McGlone Matt S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic diversity analyses were used to interpret the timing and assembly of vegetation communities in temperate New Zealand. A data set comprising 1638 permanent vegetation plots provided plant-distributional data, and a plastid rbcL phylogenetic tree provided phylogenetic metrics. Mean crown age, standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance and standardized effect size of mean nearest taxon distance were analysed in relation to taxonomic groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes), life form (woody angiosperms, non-woody angiosperms) and temperature and precipitation using generalized additive models. Angiosperms in South Island have a younger crown age than those in most North Island sites, and phylogenetic clustering is prevalent throughout. Angiosperms and pteridophytes from drier and cooler open-habitat communities in central and eastern South Island have younger crown ages and phylogenetic clustering compared to wetter and warmer closed-habitat communities of western South Island and North Island, with older crown ages and phylogenetic over-dispersion. Phylogenetic clustering is consistent with species-rich radiations that have diversified into newly available niches during the late Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene. Pteridophytes displayed less phylogenetic relatedness than angiosperms, reflecting their older crown ages. These findings are consistent with a view that northern New Zealand retained older lineages of subtropical origin during glaciations, whereas novel habitats in cool, dry climates in southern New Zealand facilitated more recent radiations. These results emphasize the strong legacy of history in the modern-day composition of plant communities.
Combined thoracic endovascular aortic repair and endovascular aneurysm repair and the long-term consequences of altered cardiovascular haemodynamics on morbidity and mortality: case series and literature review
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Acharya Yogesh , Hazima Mohiey , Salahat Hiba , Parodi Juan Carlos , Hynes Niamh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Thoracic and abdominal aortic stent grafts are firmer and more rigid than the native aorta. Aortic implanted devices have been implicated in the development of acute systolic hypertension, elevated pulse pressure, and reduced coronary perfusion.

Case summary
We report four cases of staged thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and then endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). All patients had TEVAR first for thoracic aortic aneurysm and later on developed infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that required EVAR. There were three males and one female with a median age of 74.5 years (range 67.5–78.5). None of the patients developed aortic-related major clinical adverse effects or required any aortic intervention during their follow-up. However, within 2 years, all patients developed symptomatic left ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction. All patients had bilateral lower limb oedema, with on and off chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB), necessitating coronary angiograms, which showed no evidence of coronary artery disease. Three patients died from cardiovascular-related morbidities, and the fourth patient is still complaining of SOB despite a normal coronary angiogram.

Discussion
Aortic-endograft compliance mismatch is an invisible enemy, with troubling consequences for the aorta proximal and distal to the endograft. Aortic stiffness due to vascular endograft could lead to cardiovascular adverse events, even in the absence of direct aortic-related complications. After combined TEVAR and EVAR, the compliance mismatch and elasticity loss are even more pronounced than with TEVAR alone, which necessitates patient monitoring for the development of cardiovascular complications.