bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural change as a theme that integrates behavioural sciences in dental education
Authors: Perez Arnaldo , Green Jacqueline L. , Ball Geoff D. C. , Amin Maryam , Compton Sharon M. , Patterson Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe behavioural sciences curriculum in dental education is often fragmented and its clinical relevance is not always apparent to learners. Curriculum integration is vital to understand behavioural subjects that are interrelated but frequently delivered as separate issues in dental programmes. In this commentary, we discuss behavioural change as a curricular theme that can integrate behavioural sciences in dental programmes. Specifically, we discuss behavioural change in the context of dental education guidelines and describe four general phases of behavioural change (defining the target behaviour, identifying the behavioural determinants, applying appropriate behavioural change techniques and evaluating the behavioural intervention) to make the case for content that can be covered within this curricular theme, including its sequencing. This commentary is part of ongoing efforts to improve the behavioural sciences curriculum in dental education in order to ensure that dental students develop the behavioural competencies required for entry‐level general dentists.
IVQFIoT: An intelligent vulnerability quantification framework for scoring internet of things vulnerabilities
Authors: Anand Pooja , Singh Yashwant , Selwal Arvind , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith time smart services have become more domineering than ever before however, the pertinent security considerations fade to correspond with growing heterogeneity in the internet of things (IoT) devices and new technologies coupled with resource constraints, crafting IoT‐based systems more susceptible to cyber‐attacks. To ensure a secure IoT environment, pro‐active security mechanisms, like scanning vulnerabilities and prioritizing to remediate them timely, should be embedded in the system. Motivated by the facts, we in this paper, highlight the state of the art of several works trading with a common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS), its limitations, and the emendations recommended to conclude its maturity. CVSS is an industry standard that has been adopted worldwide to quantify the vulnerabilities in organizations for IT and IoT‐based systems. The vulnerabilities mathematical score coalesces with environmental knowledge for finding attack paths and apt score for prioritization. The specific functionality and exclusive dynamics of IoT and cyber‐physical systems in comparison to traditional computer networks, make the legacy cyber‐security exemplars unfit for these advanced networks. This paper studies the relevance of CVSS for smart systems and present an intelligent vulnerability quantification framework for IoT systems grounded on the CVSS v3.1 framework with threat intelligence and machine learning models. Further by applying blockchain technology in the proposed framework, the issues concerning security, lack of trust, and privacy possibly will resolve by hiring a smart contract.
Functional traits reveal the dominant drivers of long‐term community change across a North American Great Lake
Authors: Sinclair James S. , Fraker Michael E. , Hood James M. , Frank Kenneth T. , DuFour Mark R. , Gorman Ann Marie , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcosystems worldwide have been impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors, yet efforts to understand and manage these impacts have been hindered by difficulties in disentangling relative stressor effects. Theoretically, the actions of individual stressors can be delineated based on associated changes in functional traits and these relationships should be generalizable across communities comprised of different species. Thus, combining trait perspectives with community composition data could help to identify the relative influence of different stressors. We evaluated the utility of this combined approach by quantifying shifts in fish species and trait composition in Lake Erie during the past 50 years (1969–2018) in relation to human‐driven changes in nutrient inputs, climate warming, and biological invasions. Species and trait shifts were also compared between two Lake Erie basins, which differ in their environmental and biological characteristics, to identify trait responses that were generalizable across different ecosystems versus those that were context dependent. Our analyses revealed consistent species changes across basins, and shifts in feeding and thermal traits, that were primarily associated with altered nutrient inputs (oligotrophication followed by eutrophication). We found no or inconsistent trait‐based evidence for the effects of warming and two invasive fishes. Context‐dependent trait responses were also evident; nutrient inputs were related to shifts in species tolerant of turbidity in the shallow, eutrophic western basin, which contrasted to shifts between benthopelagic and benthic species in the deeper central basin. Our results reveal the dominant effects of specific stressors on a large freshwater lake and offer a framework for combining species‐based and trait‐based approaches to delineate the impacts of simultaneous stressors on communities of perturbed natural ecosystems.
Delivery of AAV‐based gene therapy through haemophilia centres—A need for re‐evaluation of infrastructure and comprehensive care: A Joint publication of EAHAD and EHC
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang , Chowdary Pratima , Coppens Michiel , Hart Daniel P. , Jimenez‐Yuste Victor , Klamroth Robert , Makris Michael , Noone Declan , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based gene therapy for haemophilia presents a challenge to the existing structure of haemophilia centres and requires a rethink of current collaboration and information exchange with the aim of ensuring a system that is fit‐for‐purpose for advanced therapies to maximise benefits and minimise risks. In Europe, a certification process based on the number of patients and facilities is offered to the haemophilia centres by European Haemophilia Network (EUHANET).Aim and methodsThis joint European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) and European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) publication describes criteria for centres participating in gene therapy care that require a reassessment of the infrastructure of comprehensive care and provides an outlook on how these criteria can be implemented in the future work of haemophilia centres.ResultsThe core definition of a haemophilia treatment centre remains, but additional roles could be implemented. A modifiable ‘hub‐and‐spoke’ model addresses all aspects associated with gene therapy, including preparation and administration of the gene therapy product, determination of coagulation and immunological parameters, joint score and function, and liver health. This will also include the strategy on how to follow‐up patients for a long‐term safety and efficacy surveillance.ConclusionWe propose a modifiable, networked ‘hub and spoke’ model with a long term safety and efficacy surveillance system. This approach will be progressively developed with the goal of making haemophilia centres better qualified to deliver gene therapy and to make gene therapy accessible to all persons with haemophilia, irrespective of their country or centre of origin.
The geography of police killings utilising crowdsourced data
Authors: Weisheit Ralph , Harmon Mark G. , Ingram Jason , Cottle Clayton 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolice have the legal authority to use deadly force, but its use has resulted in a backlash in some communities. This county‐level analysis of 2,200 civilian deaths by police in the United States from 2015 and 2016 considers whether deadly force is primarily in response to high levels of crime (a consensus approach) or is the result of police response in socially and economically disadvantaged communities (a conflict approach). The results indicate that factors associated with economic and structural disadvantage matter more than levels of crime in accounting for the presence and number of police‐involved deaths.
BSHI/BTS guidance on crossmatching before deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Peacock S. , Briggs D. , Barnardo M. , Battle R. , Brookes P. , Callaghan C. , Clark B. , Collins C. , Day S. , Diaz Burlinson N. , Dunn P. , Fernando R. , Fuggle S. , Harmer A. , Kallon D. , Keegan D. , Key T. , Lawson E. , Lloyd S. , Martin J. , McCaughan J. , Middleton D. , Partheniou F. , Poles A. , Rees T. , Sage D. , Santos‐Nunez E. , Shaw O. , Willicombe M. , Worthington J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAll UK H&I laboratories and transplant units operate under a single national kidney offering policy, but there have been variations in approach regarding when to undertake the pre‐transplant crossmatch test. In order to minimize cold ischaemia times for deceased donor kidney transplantation we sought to find ways to be able to report a crossmatch result as early as possible in the donation process. A panel of experts in transplant surgery, nephrology, specialist nursing in organ donation and H&I (all relevant UK laboratories represented) assessed evidence and opinion concerning five factors that relate to the effectiveness of the crossmatch process, as follows: when the result should be ready for reporting; what level of donor HLA typing is needed; crossmatch sample type and availability; fairness and equity; risks and patient safety. Guidelines aimed at improving practice based on these issues are presented, and we expect that following these will allow H&I laboratories to contribute to reducing CIT in deceased donor kidney transplantation.
Association analysis of B7‐H3 and B7‐H4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in eastern Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Yuting , Yang Hui , Xu Shanshan , Shen Jiran , Xu Wei , Shao Ming , Pan Faming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to describe the association between the genetic variation of the recently identified immune checkpoint molecules B7‐H3 and B7‐H4, and the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of B7‐H3 gene and three SNPs of B7‐H4 gene were genotyped in 649 AS patients and 646 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Allele, genotype frequencies and different inheritance models were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the demographic and clinical parameters of patients were recorded. Our data indicated that B7‐H4 rs10801935 and rs3738414 polymorphisms were correlated with AS susceptibility. In the stratification analyses, the minor A allele and GA genotype of B7‐H4 rs3738414 increased the risk of AS in male patients (OR = 1.244, 95%CI = 1.026–1.508; OR = 1.453, 95%CI = 1.120–1.886, respectively). However, the association did not reach statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that B7‐H4 haplotype block TAG was a risk factor for the onset of AS (OR = 1.190, 95%CI = 1.020–1.389). These findings suggested that B7‐H4 gene polymorphism may contribute to AS susceptibility in eastern Chinese Han population.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and unpaid care work on informal workers' livelihoods
Authors: OGANDO Ana Carolina , ROGAN Michael , MOUSSIÉ Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic triggered a health, economic and care crisis affecting all workers, including those in the informal economy. This article uses data from the first round of a mixed‐methods longitudinal study conducted in June/July 2020 by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing in partnership with informal workers' organizations in 12 cities. It assesses the impacts of the multidimensional crisis on care responsibilities and the resulting effects on livelihoods and food security. A gendered analysis of paid work and unpaid care work sheds light on the unique features of the impacts of the current “pandemic recession” on the world's informal labour force.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a preventable disease: 11 ways to reduce your patients' risk
Authors: Koller‐Smith Louise , Mehdi Ahmed M. , March Lyn , Tooth Leigh , Mishra Gita D. , Thomas Ranjeny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew evidence shows that up to 40% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases are attributable to exposure to potentially modifiable factors. We can now identify people at higher risk of RA (pre‐RA) through their family history, risk factors, autoantibodies and symptoms. Counselling these patients to act to modify factors known to be associated with RA risk could prevent the development of RA, and evidence shows that informing individuals of their risk and of ways to reduce it leads to positive behavioural change and is not harmful. This consumer‐focussed narrative review is targeted at primary care providers and physicians to describe 11 changes that can be made, based on current evidence linking potentially modifiable factors to RA risk. These evidence‐based recommendations are: (i) cease smoking; (ii) reduce exposure to inhaled silica, dusts and occupational risks; (iii) maintain a healthy weight; (iv) increase leisure time physical activity; (v) maintain good dental hygiene; (vi) maximise breastfeeding if able; (vii) maximise dietary quality and avoid high‐salt diets; (viii) consume high levels of omega‐3 fatty acids and fish; (ix) reduce consumption of sugar‐sweetened soft drinks; (x) consume moderate levels of alcohol; and (xi) remain vitamin D replete.
Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf1‐xTixO2 ceramics
Authors: Ding Yi Han , Liu Lu , Yang Zi Jing , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHf1‐xTixO2 dense ceramics were prepared by a standard solid‐state reaction process, and the microwave dielectric properties in a wide frequency range were determined together with structure evolution. With increasing x, the structure gradually changed from HfO2‐based solid solution (monoclinic in space group P21/c, x ≤ 0.05) to HfTiO4 (orthorhombic in space group Pbcn, x = 0.5), and the two phase regions were determined for 0.1 ≤x < 0.5 and x = 0.55. The microwave dielectric properties of HfO2 ceramics at 10 GHz were determined as εr = 14, Qf = 24 500 GHz, τf = –50 ppm/℃. With Ti‐substitution, the microwave dielectric characteristics, especially the Qf value, could be significantly improved, and the best combination of microwave dielectric characteristics was achieved at x = 0.05: εr = 17, Qf = 84 020 GHz (at 7.8 GHz) and 151 260 GHz (at 27.9 GHz), and τf = –47 ppm/℃. The smallest temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf = –4.8 ppm/℃) was obtained for x = 0.55 together with a Qf value of 52 370 GHz at 5.0 GHz and 60 390 GHz at 17.9 GHz, where the dielectric constant was 40. Moreover, Hf1‐xTixO2 microwave dielectric ceramics might be very competitive in the future of mobile communication technology due to their excellent compatibility with Si.
Impact of COVID‐19 and other infectious conditions requiring isolation on the provision of and adaptations to fundamental nursing care in hospital in terms of overall patient experience, care quality, functional ability, and treatment outcomes: systematic review
Authors: Whear Rebecca , Abbott Rebecca A. , Bethel Alison , Richards David A. , Garside Ruth , Cockcroft Emma , Iles‐Smith Heather , Logan Pip A. , Rafferty Ann Marie , Shepherd Maggie , Sugg Holly V. R. , Russell Anne Marie , Cruickshank Susanne , Tooze Susannah , Melendez‐Torres GJ , Thompson Coon Jo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis systematic review identifies, appraises and synthesizes the evidence on the provision of fundamental nursing care to hospitalized patients with a highly infectious virus and the effectiveness of adaptations to overcome barriers to care.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesIn July 2020, we searched Medline, PsycINFO (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), BNI (ProQuest), WHO COVID‐19 Database (https://search.bvsalud.org/) MedRxiv (https://www.medrxiv.org/), bioRxiv (https://www.biorxiv.org/) and also Google Scholar, TRIP database and NICE Evidence, forwards citation searching and reference checking of included papers, from 2016 onwards.Review MethodsWe included quantitative and qualitative research reporting (i) the views, perceptions and experiences of patients who have received fundamental nursing care whilst in hospital with COVID‐19, MERS, SARS, H1N1 or EVD or (ii) the views, perceptions and experiences of professional nurses and non‐professionally registered care workers who have provided that care. We included review articles, commentaries, protocols and guidance documents. One reviewer performed data extraction and quality appraisal and was checked by another person.ResultsOf 3086 references, we included 64 articles; 19 empirical research and 45 review articles, commentaries, protocols and guidance documents spanning five pandemics. Four main themes (and 11 sub‐themes) were identified. Barriers to delivering fundamental care were wearing personal protective equipment, adequate staffing, infection control procedures and emotional challenges of care. These barriers were addressed by multiple adaptations to communication, organization of care, staff support and leadership.ConclusionTo prepare for continuation of the COVID‐19 pandemic and future pandemics, evaluative studies of adaptations to fundamental healthcare delivery must be prioritized to enable evidence‐based care to be provided in future.ImpactOur review identifies the barriers nurses experience in providing fundamental care during a pandemic, highlights potential adaptations that address barriers and ensure positive healthcare experiences and draws attention to the need for evaluative research on fundamental care practices during pandemics.
A world without borders revisited: Impact of online sales tax collection on shopping and search
Authors: Hossain Mallick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor years, online retailers did not have to collect sales taxes at the time of sale. Over the past decade, states have passed laws to capture this lost revenue. I study the effect of closing the online sales tax loophole on online spending and search. Using online shopping data, sales taxes, and Amazon's staggered sales tax collection, I estimate that a household's tax elasticity is −1.9, implying a 13% decline in Amazon's revenues upon sales tax collection. After Amazon collects sales taxes, households increase their spending on Amazon's taxed competitors, but not its untaxed competitors. I find no evidence that households change their search behavior or shift their spending offline. Collecting sales taxes online will help governments recapture lost taxes and increase online competition, but will not shift customers back offline.
RHEMITT score: Predicting the risk of mid gastrointestinal rebleeding after small bowel capsule endoscopy: A prospective validation
Authors: de Sousa Magalhães Rui , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Boal Carvalho Pedro , Rosa Bruno , Moreira Maria João , Cotter José 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe RHEMITT score (Renal disease; Heart failure; Endoscopic findings; Major bleeding; Incomplete SBCE; Tobacco; Treatment by enteroscopy) was the first score to accurately predict the individual risk of small bowel rebleeding after capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The aim of the study is on the prospective validation of the RHEMITT score.MethodsCohort of consecutive patients with mid‐gastrointestinal bleeding (MGIB) submitted to SBCE and followed prospectively, during at least 12 months, since 2017 until 2020. Rebleeding was defined as an overt bleeding event (melena or hematochezia) or a hemoglobin decrease of at least 2 g/dL. The RHEMITT score was calculated for each patient and the rebleeding rates compared. The performance of the score was tested by calculating the area under curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve. A rebleeding‐free survival was assessed, corresponding to the period between the date of SBCE and the date of the first post‐SBCE rebleeding event.ResultsWe included 162 patients, 102 (62.9%) were female, with a mean age of 64 years old. The sensitivities and specificities of the score grades for predicting rebleeding were as following: for low‐risk patients, 0% (0–10%) and 28.8% (21.1–36.5%); for intermediate‐risk patients, 23.3% (8.2–38.4%) and 72% (64.3–79.7%); for high‐risk patients, 76.7% (61.6–91.8%) and 99.2% (97.7–100%), corresponding to an area under curve of the receiver operator characteristic of 0.988 (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meyer plots were statistically different according to the attributed risk (log‐rank P value <0.001; Breslow–Wilcoxon P value <0.001).ConclusionThe RHEMITT score performed with excellent discriminative power in predicting rebleeding risk, and we herewith propose a surveillance of MGIB patients guided by the RHEMITT score.
Proposal of a self‐assessment questionnaire for the diagnosis of sensitive skin
Authors: Corazza Monica , Guarneri Fabrizio , Montesi Leda , Toni Giulia , Donelli Irene , Borghi Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is very common and distressing. Its diagnosis may be difficult with the tools/methods available at the moment.AimsTo assess the reliability of a self‐assessment questionnaire for the diagnosis of sensitive skin, using the results of lactic acid stinging test (LAST) as a reference for the identification of subjects suffering from this condition. A further objective was to identify the questionnaire cutoff score that better discriminates between subjects with or without sensitive skin.Patients/methodsAmong the adult volunteers included in this observational, cross‐sectional study, both LAST‐positive subjects, who were considered as having sensitive skin (“patients”), and negative ones (“controls”) completed the questionnaire. It consisted of a part for self‐assessing and quantifying (0–10) sensitive skin and another one that included 10 items, each referring to a specific, potentially triggering stimulus. A cumulative score (questionnaire‐based skin sensitivity score, 0–10) was calculated from the sum of all items considered capable of triggering unpleasant skin sensations in real‐life experience.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐two subjects were enrolled, 102 patients and 60 controls; 98 subjects thought they had sensitive skin. The mean questionnaire‐based skin sensitivity score was significantly higher among patients than controls and correlated with skin sensitivity self‐assessments. A cutoff value of 3 was set for the identification of LAST‐positive subjects, with 79% accuracy.ConclusionsThe study self‐assessment questionnaire seems to be a reliable tool for diagnosing sensitive skin in clinical practice. These results led us to identify a numerical cutoff for detecting propensity to experience sensitive skin.