bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied Principles for Inclusive Practice in Neurodevelopmental Research: A Selection and Report of Illustrative Case Studies
Authors: Fletcher-Watson Sue , Joseph Holly , Crane Laura , Pavlopoulou Georgia , Lukito Steve , Funnell Eloise , Alcorn Alyssa M. , Crompton Catherine J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Inclusive research practices are important for neurodevelopmental studies, facilitating the involvement of community members throughout the research process. Highlighting this value, we reiterate our previously proposed framework for inclusive research practice and present a selection of case studies showcasing successful implementation of inclusive approaches.

Recent Findings
Across four invited case studies, authors illustrate how neurodivergent people can be effectively involved in research, providing meaningful input and shaping outcomes. Our report concludes that these case studies underscore the significance of building relationships, prioritizing community well-being, and considering diverse identities in neurodevelopmental research. We call for careful evaluation of the impact of inclusive practices on community representatives and advocate for enhanced reporting in academic journals, and use of online repositories to share the materials that support coproduction.

Summary
Despite the recognized benefits, a lack of detailed reporting on inclusive methods poses a challenge for researchers. This report provides valuable insights for researchers aiming to instigate, establish or develop their inclusive practice.
Energy Efficiency Optimisation in Wire arc Additive Manufacturing of Invar 36 Alloy via Intelligent Data-Driven Techniques
Authors: Mattera Giulio , Caggiano Alessandra , Nele Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, sustainability of manufacturing processes is a major concern which calls for special efforts to reduce their environmental impact and energy consumption. In additive manufacturing, this issue is even more challenging due to the usually high energy demands of these processes. However, in the era of Industry 4.0, machine learning (ML) techniques, combined with metaheuristic optimization algorithms, offer a powerful solution to explore new, unproven combinations of process parameters that better align with sustainability goals of manufacturing. These methodologies can minimize the need for extensive experimental campaigns and provide a valuable decision-making support tool for goal-oriented process parameters optimization. In line with such approach, this research work introduces an intelligent data-driven methodology using ML to optimize wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of Invar 36 alloy considering both the resulting layer geometry and quality as well as the process energy consumption. An experimental campaign involving WAAM deposition of 15 walls made of Invar 36 alloy using a natural dip transfer welding process was carried out. The data acquired from the WAAM experimental tests were used to develop and train an artificial neural network (ANN) which, on the basis of the process parameters, was able to predict the layer geometry, the specific energy consumption and a specified quality score indicative of the presence of defects. The ANN achieved a high accuracy with 100% F2 score for quality classification, 0.4 mm mean absolute error for layer geometry, and 20 J/mm MAE for specific energy consumption. A genetic algorithm (GA) was then used to identify optimal process parameters able to minimize the specific energy consumption while maintaining quality and smoothness of the deposited layer. The experimental validation carried out using the GA-optimized process parameters in the WAAM process confirmed the reliability of the model, resulting in energy-efficient and defect-free walls.
Wireless, Multifunctional System-Integrated Programmable Soft Robot
Authors: Han Sungkeun , Shin Jeong-Woong , Lee Joong Hoon , Li Bowen , Ko Gwan-Jin , Jang Tae-Min , Dutta Ankan , Han Won Bae , Yang Seung Min , Kim Dong-Je , Kang Heeseok , Lim Jun Hyeon , Eom Chan-Hwi , Choi So Jeong , Cheng Huanyu , Hwang Suk-Won 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soft robots have partially or entirely provided versatile opportunities for issues or roles that cannot be addressed by conventional machine robots, although most studies are limited to designs, controls, or physical/mechanical motions. Here, we present a transformable, reconfigurable robotic platform created by the integration of magnetically responsive soft composite matrices with deformable multifunctional electronics. Magnetic compounds engineered to undergo phase transition at a low temperature can readily achieve reversible magnetization and conduct various changes of motions and shapes. Thin and flexible electronic system designed with mechanical dynamics does not interfere with movements of the soft electronic robot, and the performances of wireless circuit, sensors, and devices are independent of a variety of activities, all of which are verified by theoretical studies. Demonstration of navigations and electronic operations in an artificial track highlights the potential of the integrated soft robot for on-demand, environments-responsive movements/metamorphoses, and optoelectrical detection and stimulation. Further improvements to a miniaturized, sophisticated system with material options enable in situ monitoring and treatment in envisioned areas such as biomedical implants.
Religiöse Deutungen der COVID-19-Pandemie aus Sicht von Kindern in Ghana und Deutschland
Authors: Rohde-Abuba Caterina 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel basiert auf qualitativen Interviews mit 34 Kindern im Alter von 6 bis 16 Jahren, die in Deutschland und Ghana leben und verschiedenen religiösen Gruppen angehören oder sich als Atheist:innen identifizieren. Aus einer konstruktivistischen Perspektive, die Kinder als (religiöse) Akteur:innen in ihren Lebenswelten betrachtet, wird analysiert, wie sie die COVID-19-Pandemie und die öffentlichen Schutzmaßnahmen im Hinblick auf religiöse und säkulare Deutungsmuster interpretieren und wie sie diese Interpretationen mit der Nutzung religiöser und gesundheitlicher Praktiken als Bewältigungsstrategien in der Pandemie verknüpfen.
A randomized transformation for data processing on quantum computers
Authors: Zollner Johann Maximilian , Werner Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum state preparation circuits for loading classical data into quantum computers significantly influence the performance and complexity of variational quantum algorithms within hybrid quantum-classical systems. Since real-world data is often high-dimensional and mapping it to a quantum state is costly and non-trivial, it is transformed on classical computers to overcome limitations regarding quantum register size and circuit complexity. We present a data transformation method using Bloom filters to represent classical data for quantum state preparation circuits. Further, the paper illustrates that tiny fragments of this classical data encoding can be used for quantum machine learning to make an ensemble of the resulting quantum models surprisingly powerful. Due to the representation of the transformed data as a fragmented bit array, the quantum state preparation circuit only relies on a single rotational gate per qubit and small quantum registers. We demonstrate our approach and its representation power in a series of simulations. The simulations indicate that the randomized transformation provides diversity for ensemble models and that even small bit arrays with high error rates in data representation are sufficient for binary classification tasks.
The impact of central government environmental inspection on the trade-off between economic growth and environmental improvement in China
Authors: Cheng Penghao , Cao Long 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How to handle the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, achieving a positive interaction between the two, is a practical issue faced by Chinese government today. This paper incorporates dual objectives into the same analytical framework through theoretical models and empirical analysis. We find that, overall, local governments can achieve dual goals. Furthermore, this sustained positive impact is also influenced by some factors leading to a mid-term negative rebound, such as the timing of the green transformation, the strength of regulation methods during the inspection periods, and the management of local governments during non-inspection periods. Finally, the central government environmental inspection exhibits multidimensional heterogeneity of this trade-off in terms of time, region, and industry. The middle region has achieved the dual goals better in the long term, and the west region has achieved the dual goals better in the medium term.
Coordinate rings of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties in the open opposite schubert cell
Authors: Horiguchi Tatsuya , Shirato Tomoaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDale Peterson has discovered a surprising result that the quantum cohomology ring of the flag variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of the intersection of the Peterson variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Pet}}_n$
and the opposite Schubert cell associated with the identity element
$\Omega _e^\circ $
in
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
. This is an unpublished result, so papers of Kostant and Rietsch are referred for this result. An explicit presentation of the quantum cohomology ring of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
is given by Ciocan–Fontanine and Givental–Kim. In this paper, we introduce further quantizations of their presentation so that they reflect the coordinate rings of the intersections of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h)$
and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
in
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
. In other words, we generalize the Peterson’s statement to regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties via the presentation given by Ciocan–Fontanine and Givental–Kim. As an application of our theorem, we show that the singular locus of the intersection of some regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h_m)$
and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
is the intersection of certain Schubert variety and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
, where
$h_m=(m,n,\ldots ,n)$
for
$1<m<n$
. We also see that
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h_2) \cap \Omega _e^\circ $
is related with the cyclic quotient singularity.
Energy Cascades in Surface Semigeostrophic Turbulence: Implications for the Oceanic Submesoscale Flows
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Shuwen , Afanasyev Yakov 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSurface semigeostrophic (SSG) turbulence is examined in this study with emphasis on the effect of ageostrophy on energy cascades across the scales below the deformation radius. In our simulations, the strength of the ageostrophic component is controlled by the Rossby number , varying from 0.01 to 0.2. The flows are asymmetric with preference for cold cyclonic vortices and warm anticyclonic filaments. Strong vertical motions concentrate in small‐scale filaments and at the periphery of vortices where the lateral divergence becomes significant. A negative correlation between the divergence and the relative vorticity is identified using joint probability density functions. Slopes of the kinetic and potential energy spectra vary between −2.2 and −1.7. The features of the simulated flows including the asymmetry, strong vertical motion, and −2 spectral slope agree with the observations of the oceanic submesoscale flows. Analyses of spectral fluxes demonstrate an inverse kinetic energy cascade and a forward cascade of potential energy. As increases, the filaments become more numerous in the flows. They wrap around cyclones, weakening their interactions and subsequent mergers, thus suppressing the inverse cascade of kinetic energy. Ageostrophy promoting the forward potential energy cascade is important for the frontogenesis in the ocean. We characterize lateral dispersion in the SSG flows using the finite‐scale Lyapunov exponents (FSLEs). They are used to identify the Lagrangian coherent structures as well as to investigate the regimes of dispersion at different scales. The results show a smooth transition from hyper‐ballistic diffusion at small scales to normal diffusion at large scales.
Spatial Variation of Polarization Ellipticity for Transionospheric HF Radio Waves Observed by RRI on e‐POP/Swarm‐E
Authors: Kalafatoglu Eyiguler E. C. , Pandey K. , Hussey G. C. , Danskin D. W. , Gillies R. G. , Yau A. W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) on Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) onboard CASSIOPE/Swarm‐E can detect transionospheric radio waves from ground‐based transmitters. The RRI crossed‐dipoles were slewed toward the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Ottawa transmitter during 10 experiments in April 2016 and 2017 to determine the polarization characteristics of the transionospheric HF radio waves. Six experiments were during geomagnetically quiet intervals and four during unsettled ionospheric conditions. The detected radio waves exhibit elliptical to circular polarized states over a broad region, extending beyond the theoretical range for aspect angle northward of the transmitter. In accordance with magnetoionic theory, the radio waves are mostly linear when the radio wave propagation direction and the geomagnetic field are antiparallel, which occurs to the south of the transmitter. During unsettled ionospheric conditions, the ellipticity magnitude can take on any value between and whereas during quiet conditions, the ellipticity magnitude has a variation within . Dominant regions of O‐ and X‐mode waves, derived from a power distribution model, hint at a plausible explanation for the observed variations in ellipticity magnitude and rotation sense of radio waves.
Future Trajectories of Peatland Permafrost Under Climate and Ecosystem Change in Northeastern Canada
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Way Robert G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPeatland permafrost ecosystems include culturally and ecologically important habitats for plants and wildlife. Widespread degradation of palsas and peat plateaus suggests vulnerability of these landforms to climate warming, but ecosystem changes, including landscape greening due to shrub expansion and related changes in snow distribution, are also expected to impact permafrost persistence. In this study, a process‐based one‐dimensional transient model is used to simulate an ensemble of future ground temperature trajectories for seven palsa and two peat plateau study sites along the Labrador Sea coastline. Ground temperatures are modeled from 2024 to 2100 under nine scenarios, which account for differences in future land cover, snow, and climate warming (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). All scenarios incorporating a change in ecosystem characteristics and/or climate result in loss of permafrost at all sites by 2100, with some sites experiencing loss of permafrost by 2036. Although permafrost thaw occurs at all sites under most scenarios, the sites exhibit wide variations in thaw rates due to differences in latitude, geomorphological characteristics, and initial permafrost thicknesses. Most sites experience active layer thickening, but four of the nine sites also see the development of supra‐permafrost taliks, though this occurs almost exclusively in the scenarios that incorporate ecosystem change. The development of taliks under these scenarios and the earlier loss of permafrost suggest that peatland permafrost in coastal Labrador may be more sensitive to ecosystem change than climate warming alone. These results provide important insights into the future evolution and climate sensitivity of permafrost peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost zone.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting SEP Proton Intensity and Events Using Time Series of Relativistic Electron Measurements
Authors: Torres Jesse , Chan Philip K. , Zhao Lulu , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolar energetic particles (SEP) can cause severe damage to astronauts and sensitive equipment in space, and can disrupt communications on Earth. A lack of thorough understanding the eruption processes of solar activities and the subsequent acceleration and transport processes of energetic particles makes it difficult for physics‐based models to forecast the occurrence of an SEP event and its intensity. Therefore, in order to provide an advance warning for astronauts to seek shelter in a timely manner, we apply neural networks to forecast the intensity of SEP events. The neural network uses a time series of past and current electron and proton flux in 5‐min intervals to predict future proton flux 30 min or 1 hr ahead. In addition to multilayer perceptron neural networks, we also use recurrent neural networks (RNN), which are designed to handle time series data. For each model, we consider two approaches: a single model trained on all data, and the ensemble of models where the particular model is selected dynamically for each input using the predicted behavior of the input data. Overall, our results indicate that a single RNN model forecasts proton flux of each event with less error. Furthermore, the RNN incurs less error in predicting proton flux, but a larger time lag, than the forecasting matrix method proposed by Posner. When advance and extended warnings are incorporated, the RNN can improve SEP event prediction scores.
Glibenclamide targets MDH2 to relieve aging phenotypes through metabolism-regulated epigenetic modification
Authors: Mao Zhifan , Liu Wenwen , Zou Rong , Sun Ling , Huang Shuman , Wu Lingyu , Chen Liru , Wu Jiale , Lu Shijie , Song Zhouzhi , Li Xie , Huang Yunyuan , Rao Yong , Huang Yi-You , Li Baoli , Hu Zelan , Li Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism-regulated epigenetic modification is a driving force of aging and a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH2), an enzyme in the TCA cycle, was identified as an anti-aging target through activity-based protein profiling in present study. The expression level of MDH2 was positively correlated with the cellular senescence in Mdh2 knockdown or overexpression fibroblasts. Glibenclamide (Gli), a classic anti-glycemic drug, was found to inhibit the activity of MDH2 and relieve fibroblast senescence in an MDH2-dependent manner. The anti-aging effects of Gli were also further validated in vivo, as it extended the lifespan and reduced the frailty index of naturally aged mice. Liver specific Mdh2 knockdown eliminated Gli’s beneficial effects in naturally aged mice, reducing p16INK4a expression and hepatic fibrosis. Mechanistically, MDH2 inhibition or knockdown disrupted central carbon metabolism, then enhanced the methionine cycle flux, and subsequently promoted histone methylation. Notably, the tri-methylation of H3K27, identified as a crucial methylation site in reversing cellular senescence, was significantly elevated in hepatic tissues of naturally aged mice with Mdh2 knockdown. Taken together, these findings reveal that MDH2 inhibition or knockdown delays the aging process through metabolic-epigenetic regulation. Our research not only identified MDH2 as a potential therapeutic target and Gli as a lead compound for anti-aging drug development, but also shed light on the intricate interplay of metabolism and epigenetic modifications in aging.
Resolving discrepancies between chimeric and multiplicative measures of higher-order epistasis
Authors: Chitra Uthsav , Arnold Brian , Raphael Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Epistasis - the interaction between alleles at different genetic loci - plays a fundamental role in biology. However, several recent approaches quantify epistasis using a chimeric formula that measures deviations from a multiplicative fitness model on an additive scale, thus mixing two scales. Here, we show that for pairwise interactions, the chimeric formula yields a different magnitude but the same sign of epistasis compared to the multiplicative formula that measures both fitness and deviations on a multiplicative scale. However, for higher-order interactions, we show that the chimeric formula can have both different magnitude and sign compared to the multiplicative formula. We resolve these inconsistencies by deriving mathematical relationships between the different epistasis formulae and different parametrizations of the multivariate Bernoulli distribution. We argue that the chimeric formula does not appropriately model interactions between the Bernoulli random variables. In simulations, we show that the chimeric formula is less accurate than the classical multiplicative/additive epistasis formulae and may falsely detect higher-order epistasis. Analyzing multi-gene knockouts in yeast, multi-way drug interactions in E. coli, and deep mutational scanning of several proteins, we find that approximately 10% to 60% of inferred higher-order interactions change sign using the multiplicative/additive formula compared to the chimeric formula.
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity in the mouse retrosplenial cortex links contextual memories formed close in time
Authors: Sehgal Megha , Filho Daniel Almeida , Kastellakis George , Kim Sungsoo , Lee Jinsu , Shen Yang , Huang Shan , Lavi Ayal , Fernandes Giselle , Davila Mejia Irene , Martin Sunaina Soans , Pekcan Asli , Wu Melody Shana , Heo Won Do , Poirazi Panayiota , Trachtenberg Joshua T. , Silva Alcino J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Events occurring close in time are often linked in memory, and recent studies suggest that such memories are encoded by overlapping neuronal ensembles. However, the role of dendritic plasticity mechanisms in linking memories is unknown. Here we show that memory linking is dependent not only on neuronal ensemble overlap in the mouse retrosplenial cortex, but also on branch-specific dendritic allocation mechanisms. The same dendritic segments are preferentially activated by two linked (but not independent) contextual memories, and spine clusters added after each of two linked (but not independent) contextual memories are allocated to the same dendritic segments. Importantly, we show that the reactivation of dendrites activated during the first context exploration is sufficient to link two contextual memories. Our results demonstrate a critical role for localized dendritic plasticity in memory integration and reveal rules governing how linked and independent memories are allocated to dendritic compartments.