bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATED REGULATION OF BIOGAS SUPPLIES AND METHANE IN A GAS ENGINE
Authors: Lisoval А.А. 
Published: November 2021

The results of experimental researches were received on a gas-electric installation with a rated power of 30 kW at 1500 rpm. The spark-ignited petrol drive engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) was converted to a pure gas one. The compression ratio of 8.5 did not change. The gas fuel supply system consists of a supply line and an emergency shut-off circuit. The natural gas supply line was connected to the domestic main line through a special gas distributor. On the basis of HEINZMANN components, a system for dosing mixed gas fuel was developed, which, through a microprocessor control unit and an actuator, acted on the throttle valve of the gas mixer. In experimental researches, the composite fuel was a model gas – a mixture of natural and carbon dioxide gases, which was prepared in a zero pressure reducer before the gas mixer. With an increase in the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the model gas by more than 34 %, a deterioration of the combustion process was observed in the steady state. In the article, based on the analysis of the experimental results of the operation of a piston gas engine on a model gas, an algorithm for the use of associated automatic control of biogas and methane feeds is substantiated. The transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the gas-air mixture has been substantiated. To do this, it is necessary to create two automatic control loops for the supply of air and a mixture of natural gas, which are interconnected through an external load. With the developed algorithm, as the load increases, the supply of natural gas increases, and the supply of biogas decreases. With an increase in the load of 75 % or more, a more intensive enrichment of the fuel mixture with natural gas occurs than at low and medium loads. The proposed algorithm for regulating the fuel mixture can be implemented using electromagnetic gas injectors for dosing the components of the composite fuel. Signals from sensors for oxygen and methane content in exhaust gases were selected as corrective links for the coupled control algorithm. Recommendations on the choice of tuning modes for oxygen and methane sensors have been developed.
USE OF VEGETABLE OIL AS A FUEL IN A MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Hrabovenko O. , Dotsenko S. , Nesterenko V. , Shvets I. 
Published: November 2021

While being highly fuel-efficient, diesel engines are defined by relatively high emissions, which have a negative impact on people and the environment. In the future, most European countries plan to abandon the use of diesel engines after 2030. One way to use this type of engines is to convert them to alternative fuels from renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower and soya bean oils). A significant advantage of vegetable oils is that when they hit the ground, they break down in a couple of weeks. Sulfur oxides are virtually absent due to the small amount of sulfur in vegetable oils in the engine exhaust gases. Other environmental factors include reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon black C. However, it should be noted that the use of vegetable-based fuel involves problems related to fuel preparation, consideration of physical and chemical properties and proper engine operation and use of arable land for the cultivation of vegetable oils. The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the effective performance of soybean oil, six cylinder, four-stroke supercharged diesel engine (26 – the diameter of the cylinder, cm; 34 – the piston stroke, cm) produced by "Pervomaiskdieselmash", which is a part of the stationary diesel generator (DGA-900) with the capacity of 900 kW. This diesel engine is with an undivided combustion chamber ("Geselman" type), gas turbine supercharging and intermediate charge air cooling. Soybean oil is more viscous and has better lubrication properties of conjugated vapors and engine components, as a result, the lifespan of the engine and high-pressure fuel pump increases by an average of 60%. However, more viscous soybean oil impairs fuel mixing, spraying and combustion. Starting qualities of the engine also deteriorate. On the other hand, as the temperature rises, the viscosity of soybean oil decreases sharply. The reasons which led to the emergence of the above-mentioned problems have been analysed. In addition, the features and advantages of the cogeneration power plant have been described, which makes it possible to obtain two forms of useful energy at the output such as thermal and electric. The use of cogeneration significantly increases the overall efficiency of the plant; it provides significant opportunities for efficient heat utilization and achieving maximum economic effect.
Policy Evaluation of Regulation Number 1429 of 2012 Concerning Arrangement of Study Program in the Islamic Religious College and Its Impact on PAI Study Program in IAIN Central Java
Authors: Retnanto Agus , Karim Abdul 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Islamic Education Regulation Number 1429 of 2012 concerning Study Program Arrangements in Islamic Religious Colleges and their implementation at the Islamic Education Study Program, Faculty of Tarbiyah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) in Central Java, namely Islamic Education Study Program (PAI) and Education Management Study Program Islam (MPI). This research is field research which using qualitative data. The results of the study found four main problems, namely: (1) Policy of Faculty of Tarbiyah at IAIN in developing PAI into the PAI Study Program and MPI Study Program; (2) The efforts of Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN in developing theIslamic Education Study Program became the PAI Study Program and MPI Study Program; (3) Supporting factors and obstacles faced by Faculty of Tarbiyah, IAIN in developing the Islamic Education Study Program into PAI Study Program and MPI Program Study at Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN; and (4) Impacts faced by the Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN and Islamic Education Study Program in developing Islamic Education Study Program into the PAI Study Program and the MPI Study Program of the IAIN Faculty of Tarbiyah.
Bone Marrow Edema
Authors: Tarantino Umberto , Greggi Chiara , Cariati Ida , Caldora Patrizio , Capanna Rodolfo , Capone Antonio , Civinini Roberto , Colagrande Stefano , De Biase Pietro , Falez Francesco , Iolascon Giovanni , Maraghelli Davide , Masi Laura , Cerinic Marco Matucci , Sessa Giuseppe , Brandi Maria L. 
Published: November 2021

➤ Bone marrow edema (BME) is a nonspecific but relevant finding, usually indicating the presence of an underlying pathology.➤ The gold standard technique for detecting BME is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it allows for a correct diagnosis to be made, which is extremely important given the heterogeneity of BME-related diseases.➤ Depending on the severity of painful symptomatology and the MRI evidence, different treatment strategies can be followed: physical modalities, pharmacological options, and surgical therapy.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII MTs YASRIB BATU-BATU PADA MASA COVID-19
Authors: Yaya Hidayatullah , Gusniwati  , Buhaerah  
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Artikel penelitian kualitatif ini bersifat deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis data kualitatif sehingga menjadi paparan data mudah dimengerti. Pembelajaran pada sekolah menengah pertama atau madrasah tsanawiyah (MTs) dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pembelajaran secara daring atau biasa disebut dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh (dari rumah) dengan bimbingan orang tua dan guru di sekolah. Siswa melakukan pembelajaran daring dan berinteraksi dengan guru menggunakan aplikasi Whatsapp Group. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring terhadap minat belajar siswa pada masa COVID-19. Responden yang diambil adalah siswa dan guru di MTs Yasrib Batu-batu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar siswa, siswa merasa bosan karena tidak bertemu dengan teman dan gurunya secara langsung.
CRISPR-Cas12a Nucleases Function With Structurally Engineered crRNAs – SynThetic trAcrRNA
Authors: Jedrzejczyk Dominika , Poulsen Line Dahl , Mohr Marina , Damas Nkerorema Djodji , Schoffelen Sanne , Barghetti Andrea , Baumgartner Roland , Weinert Brian Tate , Warnecke Tanya , Gill Ryan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a systems are becoming an attractive genome editing tool for cell engineering due to their broader editing capabilities compared to CRISPR-Cas9 counterparts. As opposed to Cas9, the Cas12a endonucleases are characterized by a lack of trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA), which reduces the complexity of the editing system and simultaneously makes CRISPR RNA (crRNA) engineering a promising approach toward further improving and modulating editing activity of the CRISPR-Cas12a systems. Here, we design and validate eleven types of structurally engineered Cas12a crRNAs targeting various immunologically relevant loci in-vitro and in-cellulo. We show that all our structural modifications in the loop region, ranging from engineered breaks (STAR-crRNAs) to large gaps (Gap-crRNAs), as well as nucleotide substitutions, enable gene-cutting in the presence of various Cas12a nucleases. Moreover, we observe similar insertion rates of short HDR templates using the engineered crRNAs compared to the wild-type crRNAs, further demonstrating that the introduced modifications in the loop region lead to comparable genome editing efficiencies. In conclusion, we show for the first time that Cas12a nucleases can broadly utilize structurally engineered crRNAs with breaks or gaps in the otherwise highly-conserved loop region, which could further facilitate a wide range of genome editing applications.
Nephrotoxicity Evaluation and Proteomic Analysis in Kidneys of Rats Exposed to Thioacetamide
Authors: Lim Ji-youn , Jung Woon-Won , Moon Kyoung-Sik , Sul Donggeun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered orally at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg bw daily to Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-7 weeks for 28 consecutive days. The bodyweight decreased, however, the relative organ weights including the liver and kidneys increased. No significant histopathologic abnormalities were found in the kidneys. The numbers of monocytes and platelets were significantly increased, however, the mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit values were decreased significantly in rats exposed to 30 mg/kg bw TAA. The expression levels of Kim-1 and NGAL were increased 4 to 5-fold in the kidney tissue of rats exposed to TAA, resulting in significant nephrotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was conducted and a total of 5221 proteins spots were resolved. Of these, three and 21 protein spots were up- and downregulated in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. The validation of seven proteins was performed by Western blot analysis. The expression level of ASAP2 was significantly upregulated, whereas RGS14, MAP7Dl, IL-3Rα, Tmod1, NQO2, and MUP were reduced. Sixteen isoforms of MUP were found by the 2DE immunoblot assay and were significantly downregulated with increasing exposure to TAA. MUP isoforms were compared in the liver, kidneys, and urine of untreated rats and a total of 43 isoforms were found.
Evaluation of Flavored Cigar Products As They Relate To Questions of Public Health
Authors: Joyce Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Flavors in tobacco products is a subject of public health debate and increasing regulatory attention. There is interest in gaining an in-depth understanding of flavored cigar smoking prevalence and behaviors to address the use of flavors in cigars and questions of public health.Methods: Seven publicly available data resources that assess flavored cigar use were analyzed. Two focus on youth tobacco use (NYTS, MTF), four focus on adult tobacco use (HINTS-FDA, NATS, TPRPS, TUS-CPS), and one on both groups (PATH). Available data (2011-2019) were analyzed to assess usage trends over time. In addition, longitudinal analysis of PATH adult data examined whether flavored cigar use was associated with future use of cigarettes or increased use of cigars.Results: Youth past 30-day estimates of cigar use ranged from 2%-10% for both flavored and non-flavored cigars, slightly higher in high school vs. middle school age subpopulations. These estimates have been stable or declined across all survey years within the respective surveys. Consistent trends were observed regarding frequency of use; most youth using cigars do so 1-2 days per month. Similar findings were observed for adult cigar users, with five surveys indicating less than 10% currently use cigars. Flavored cigar use is at less than 5% across all data sources. These overarching use estimates were essentially flat over time. Frequency of youth cigar use remained consistent over time, with most youth reporting cigar use on 1-2 days per month. In addition, multivariable modeling of PATH adult data did not identify an association between flavored cigar use and future use of cigarettes or increased use of cigars.Conclusions: No evidence was found of increased use or different usage patterns, among either youth or adults, of flavored cigars vs. non-flavored cigars. While these trends should continue to be monitored, there is no indication of existing or emerging public health concerns related to flavored cigars within the seven large, nationally representative, US government-funded epidemiologic databases examined.
Data Collection on Donor-Supported Health Workers: Lessons Learned From Improving Health Workforce Data Supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
Authors: Ackerman Sarah , Hoover Jerilyn , Heinrich Lauren , Dunlap Erin , Muraleetharan Ohvia , Godbole Ramona , Frymus Diana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030 has called for the improvement of health workforce data and implementation of health workforce registries. It is critical to capture the health workforce supported by donors in order to have a complete understanding of the health workforce across countries. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) developed an innovative pilot human resources for health (HRH) data collection system (including a data entry template and structured dataset) to collect HRH data for the health workforce supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The pilot system filled HRH data gaps in nine key countries, providing valuable insight for program planning. The implementation details of this exercise can be used as a case study on collecting and applying data on health workers, including those supported by donor funding.
The Effect of COVID-19 Infection on the Aerobic Capacity of Professional Soccer Players.
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This investigation assessed the effect of COVID-19 on the aerobic capacity of professional soccer players who have tested positive. Twenty-one division-1 elite soccer players (age 24.24±5.75 years, height 178.21±5.44 cm, weight 74.12±5.21 kg) participated in this study. This observational study compared the same players' aerobic capacity pre-, and 60-days post COVID-19 recovery. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the infected players had significantly lower VO2max values [t(20)=5.17, p<0.01, d=0.613 (medium effect)], and significantly lower VO2 values at RC [t(20)= 2.97, p<0.05, d= 0.39 (small effect)] after recovery. Furthermore, results indicated a significantly lower running time (RT) on the treadmill [t(20)=4.84, p<0.01, d=0.46 (small effect)] when compared to the results that were obtained before they got infected. In addition, velocity at VO2max (VVO2max) was significantly lower [t(20)=2.34, p<0.05, d=0.41 (small effect)] and the heart rate values at LT [t(20)= -2.79, p<0.01, d= 0.55 (medium effect)] and RC [t(20)= -3.72, p<0.01, d= 0.52 (medium effect)] were significantly higher post recovery. The aforementioned findings indicate that post COVID-19 soccer players may not reach full recovery at two months. Therefore, our results should alert practitioners and fitness coaches of the risk of longer-duration silent symptoms even in athletes that experience mild to moderate manifestations.
Diagnostic Criteria For Acute Headache Attributed To Ischemic Stroke And For Sentinel Headache Before Ischemic Stroke.
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Ushenin Anton V. , Gurary Natalia M. , Gilev Denis V. , Olesen Jes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Defining the relationship between a headache and stroke is essential. The current diagnostic criteria of the ICHD-3 for acute headache attributed to ischemic stroke are based primarily on the opinion of experts rather than on published clinical evidence based on extensive case-control studies in patients with first-ever stroke. Diagnostic criteria for sentinel headache before ischemic stroke do not exist. The present study aimed to develop explicit diagnostic criteria for headache attributed to ischemic stroke and for sentinel headache.Methods: This prospective case-control study included 550 patients (mean age 63,1, 54% males) with first-ever ischemic stroke and 192 control patients (mean age 58.7, 36% males) admitted to the emergency room without any acute neurological deficits or severe disorders. Standardized semi-structured interview forms were used to evaluate past and present headaches during face-to-face interviews by a neurologist on admission to the emergency room in both groups of patients. All headaches were diagnosed according to the ICHD-3. We tabulated the onset of different headaches before a first-ever ischemic stroke and at the time of onset of stroke. We divided them into three groups: a new type of headache, the previous headache with altered characteristics and previous unaltered headaches. The same was done for headaches in control patients within one week before admission to the hospital and at the time of entry. These data were used to create and test diagnostic criteria for acute headache attributed to stroke and sentinel headache. Results: Our previous studies showed that headache at onset of ischemic stroke was present in 82 (14.9%) of 550 patients, and 81 (14.7%) patients had sentinel headache within the last week before a stroke. Only 60% of the headaches at stroke onset fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of ICHD-3. Therefore, we proposed alternative criteria with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Besides, we developed diagnostic criteria for sentinel headache for the first time with a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 100%. Conclusion: We suggest alternative criteria for acute headache attributed to ischemic stroke and new diagnostic criteria for sentinel headache with high sensitivity and specificity.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Maize Plants and Extraction of Phenotypic Parameters Based On Laser Point Cloud Data
Authors: Ju Chengxin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Wu Fengfeng , Li Rui , Yang Tianle , Zhong Xiaochun , Yan Feng , Liu Tao , Sun Chengming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology could rapidly extract the surface geometric features of maize plants to achieve non-destructive monitoring of maize phenotypes. However, extracting the phenotypic parameters of maize plants based on laser point cloud data is challenging.Methods: In this paper, a rotational scanning method was used to collect the data of potted maize point cloud from different perspectives by using a laser scanner. Maize point cloud data were grid-reconstructed and aligned based on greedy projection triangulation algorithm and iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, and the random sampling consistency algorithm was used to segment the stem and leaf point clouds of single maize plant to obtain the plant height and leaf parameters.Results: The results showed that the R2 between the predicted plant height and the measured plant height was above 0.95, and the R2 of the predicted leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were 0.938, 0878 and 0.956 respectively when compared with the measured values.Conclusions: The 3D reconstruction of maize plants using the laser scanner showed a good performance, and the phenotypic parameters obtained based on the reconstructed 3D model had high accuracy. The results were helpful to the practical application of plant 3D reconstruction and provided guidance for plant parameter acquisition and theoretical methods for intelligent agricultural research.
Morphology and Microcirculation Changes of Optic Nerve Head Between Simple High Myopia and Pathologic Myopia
Authors: Tang Wenquan , Duan Xuanchu , Ouyang Junyi , Luo YuLin , Wang Xilang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study explored morphology and microcirculation changes of optic nerve head (ONH) in simple high myopia(SHM) and pathologic myopia(PM), in order to evaluate and identify ONH changes in the development of PM. We divided 193 right eyes of 193 patients into SHM and PM according to the retinopathy. We found that ONH is one of the earliest pathological changes in myopia, and its morphology changes were also the most obvious. PM is closely linked to the reduction of choroidal perfusion and structural changes of ONH. Microcirculation showed a significant priority changes in myopia. Further research should address whether these fndings are associated with future disease development in highly myopic eyes.
In vitro validation of the immunogenicity of the predicted neoepitopes from high-risk estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Choe Yun-jeong , Kim Eunyoung , Oh Jooyeon , Jang Miran , Fu Weixan , Lee Hann , Chung Minho , Pyo Kyung-Ho , Synn Chung-Bong , Kim Sora , Yang Yohan , Kim Ahyeon , Cho Byung Chul , Kim Han Sang , Kim Sangwoo , Carreno Beatriz , Kim Jee Ye , Paik Soonmyung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Whether estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) can be a target for therapeutic neoepitope vaccination is not clear due to its low mutation burden. We tested the immunogenicity of predicted neoepitopes from exome and RNA-seq data from three ER+/luminal B subtype BC samples using IFN-γ ELISpot assays of HLA-matched donor PBMCs. As a control, three ER- BC and three lung cancers were tested. The ensemble of Neopepsee and pVACseq pipelines predicted 93 neoepitopes from 299 SNVs in three ER+ BCs. Among them, 90 could be tested with ELISpot, and 14 (15.6%) were immunogenic (1, 5, and 10 for each tumor). In three ER- BC samples, 52 neoepitopes were predicted from 271 SNVs, and 12 (25.0%) of 48 tested were immunogenic (2, 4, and 8 for each tumor). Of the three lung cancers, 53 of 72 predicted neoepitope candidates were tested, and 10 of them were immunogenic (18.9%) (0, 1, and 11 for each tumor). These differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that luminal B subtype BCs express neoepitopes and can be a candidate for therapeutic neoepitope vaccination.