bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideology and the stigma of schizophrenia: Applying the dual‐process motivational model in the French and Greek contexts
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Chatzigianni Konstantina , Chryssochoou Xenia , Apostolidis Thémis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors have underlined the influence of issues of power and ideology on the stigma of schizophrenia. The dual‐process cognitive‐motivational model of ideology and prejudice has shown that for deviant and derogated groups, such as people with schizophrenia, both authoritarianism and social dominance orientation can predict prejudice. However, this model has not been tested in relation to the stigma of schizophrenia. In this paper, we apply the Dual Process Model to the study of stigmatizing attitudes, in two contexts where the model has not been tested before, France (N = 224), and Greece (N = 238). We tested the relation of the model's two pathways (dominance‐competitiveness and authoritarianism‐dangerousness) to stigmatizing attitudes, while making the hypothesis that both would be associated with the latter since people with schizophrenia are perceived as both derogate/subordinate and deviant/threatening. Our results show that the models adequately fit the data and partly confirm the pathways predicted by previous research. However, for the Greek sample, the dominance‐competitiveness component was not significantly associated with stigmatizing attitudes, suggesting that for this sample, people with schizophrenia are mainly stigmatized in terms of deviance/threat. Our results provide evidence for the DPM's application to the study of the stigma of schizophrenia in two contexts where the model has never been applied and underline the importance of ideological and socio‐cognitive factors for community interventions.
Interventional economics provide a roadmap to better patient care
Authors: Maestas Camila M. , Blankenship James C. 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
Costs of percutaneous coronary intervention including the index procedure and care in the subsequent 30 days are increased by half for patients who are readmitted, and increased up to two‐fold for those who have major adverse events during the initial admission.
Many factors “predicting” adverse events and readmission are not modifiable. However, some are modifiable. Interventionalists should focus on those.
In addition to using strategies to avoid adverse events, interventionalists should lead teams to implement strategies to prevent readmission. This will require a new nonprocedural focus for interventionalists.
Clinical impact of calcified nodules in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy
Authors: Krajcer Zvonimir , Costello Briana 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
Coronary atherectomy has been around for many years, and the body of evidence for its use in complex calcified lesions has grown.
Calcific coronary disease presents a particularly challenging clinical scenario in PCI, having poorer outcomes than noncalcified lesions.
This study is the first to identify calcified nodules as an independent predictor of worse outcomes after atherectomy and PCI. Continued study of lesion characteristics will improve our understanding of PCI outcomes and help manage patients in the long‐term after PCI and stenting.
Everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia: Moving beyond grasping at metal straws
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
Consistent and durable patency and clinical benefit after initially successful infrapopliteal percutaneous balloon transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for critical limb ischemia remains an unmet need.
Permanently implanted metallic stents for suboptimal initial infrapopliteal PTA results also have limited patency and clinical results as well as other drawbacks.
In 48 critical limb ischemia patients with infrapopliteal lesions < 50 mm length, everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (EEBVS) achieved 90% primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 2 years follow‐up with no late scaffold thrombosis.
Very severe aplastic anemia in an 80‐year‐old man
Authors: Kasinathan Ganesh , Lee Bee Sun , Sathar Jameela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough the patient with very severe aplastic anemia might be a fit elderly receiving standard therapy, there are factors which contribute to an adverse outcome such as severity of pancytopenia, absence of minor paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone and infective complications of therapy.
Abscopal effect as part of treatment of oligometastatic head and neck cancer: A case report
Authors: Mazzaschi Giulia , Tommasi Chiara , Pietri Elisabetta , Corcione Luigi , De Giorgi Annamaria , Bini Paola , Bui Simona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man with hypopharyngeal carcinoma with a single bone metastasis was treated with definitive chemo/radiotherapy omitting local treatment of the single bone lesion. He remained relapse‐free for 6 years. We have concluded that radiotherapy‐dependent abscopal effect might have allowed to avoid ablative treatment of metastatic site.
Plasma filtration with dialysis for the treatment of capillary leak syndrome occurring secondary to surgery for colon cancer‐related perforating peritonitis
Authors: Suzuki Ginga , Ichibayashi Ryo , Yamamoto Saki , Serizawa Hibiki , Nakamichi Yoshimi , Watanabe Masayuki , Honda Mitsuru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of plasma filtration with dialysis (PDF) may be considered when treating the acute phase of capillary leak syndrome (CLS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using PDF for CLS.
Hydrogenation of Secondary Amides using Phosphane Oxide and Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis
Authors: Köring Laura , Sitte Nikolai A. , Bursch Markus , Grimme Stefan , Paradies Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe metal‐free catalytic hydrogenation of secondary carboxylic acid amides is developed. The reduction is realized by two new catalytic reactions. First, the amide is converted into the imidoyl chloride by triphosgene (CO(OCCl3)2) using novel phosphorus(V) catalysts. Second, the in situ generated imidoyl chlorides are hydrogenated in high yields by an FLP‐catalyst. Mechanistic and quantum mechanical calculations support an autoinduced catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation with chloride acting as unusual Lewis base for FLP‐mediated H2‐activation.
Optimal conditions determination for hydrodeoxygenation of free fatty acids to obtain green diesel
Authors: Durán‐Pérez Fernando J. , Zamora Gregorio E. , Medina Mendoza Ana K. , González‐Brambila Margarita M. , Tapia Carlos , Colín‐Luna Jose A. , García Martínez Julio César 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the production of green diesel involving the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of vegetable oil, such as oleic acid, producing CO or CO2 as byproducts, was studied. This reaction takes place under hydrogen saturation to produce stearic acid; subsequently, heptadecane is produced by the decarbonylation and decarboxylation pathways, while octadecane is obtained by the subsequent hydrodeoxygenation of octadecanal. In the formation of octadecane, water is obtained as a byproduct, while the production of heptadecane leads to CO and CO2 as byproducts of the decarbonylation and decarboxylation reactions. When considering the products and reaction routes in the hydrotreatment of triglycerides and free acids, a mathematical model was found to be reliable in determining the minimization of the Gibbs free energy of reaction over a range of reaction temperatures and pressures. This model followed the methods of Marrero‐Gani, Joback‐Reid, and Chen‐Dinivahi‐Jeng for the estimation of thermodynamic properties of the pure components. The fugacity was calculated by considering the partial fugacity coefficients, and the Peng‐Robinson equation of state and the van der Waals mixing rule were used. The mole fractions at equilibrium were estimated by least squares analysis, using MATLAB, in order to account for non‐idealities in reaction thermodynamic properties and to find the equilibrium composition that minimized the total Gibbs free energy. Likewise, the reaction coordinates of the equilibrium reaction were estimated together with the known values of the composition in order to know the effect of pressure and temperature on the aforementioned reactions.
A K‐band high‐gain power amplifier with slow‐wave transmission‐line transformer in 130‐nm RF CMOS
Authors: Hou Haomin , He Jin , Pan Junren , Wang Hao , Chang Sheng , Huang Qijun , Zhu Yinxia 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a K‐band high‐gain Class‐A power amplifier (PA) with the two‐way combining approach in GSMC 130‐nm radio frequency (RF) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (RF CMOS). At the input, a slow‐wave transmission‐line transformer (S‐TLT) matching network is proposed for simultaneously realizing the impedance transformation and the single‐ended RF signal to differential conversion. Transmission‐line transformers (TLTs) are employed between the stages for coupling and inter‐stage matching. To improve the output power and efficiency, the placing and routing of the transistor layout are considered carefully for power stages to reduce the interconnecting and overlapping parasitics significantly. The PA has been fabricated and achieved good matching at 25 GHz, power gain of 17.8 dB, saturated output power of 14.9 dBm, output 1‐dB compression point of 12.4 dBm, and power added efficiency of 13.7% at a supply voltage of 1.5 V.
Targeting AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway by Saxagliptin prevents myocardial injury in isoproterenol challenged diabetic rats
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Bhargava Poorva , Suchal Kapiil , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamvir Singh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of Saxagliptin in diabetes‐associated cardiovascular complications is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether Saxagliptin could prevent Isoproterenol‐induced myocardial changes in diabetic rats and to identify the possible mechanism as well. The high‐fat diet/low‐dose Streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (0.25% CMC for 28 days), the Isoproterenol group (85 mg/kg Isoproterenol for the last 2 days plus 0.25% CMC for 28 days), and the treatment group (10 mg/kg Saxagliptin for 28 days plus 85 mg/kg Isoproterenol for the last 2 days). Hemodynamic measurements were performed, and samples were examined for RAGE and NF‐κB expressions, histopathological and ultrastructural changes, AGEs level, myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Saxagliptin significantly recovered cardiac function (p < .001), reverted myocardial injury and oxidative stress levels back to the control value (p < .05 to p < .001). Saxagliptin alleviates Isoproterenol‐induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats by suppressing AGE‐RAGE pathway.
Should the Regulation of Research Misconduct Be Integrated with the Ethics Framework Promulgated in The Belmont Report?
Authors: Redman Barbara K. , Caplan Arthur L. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe federal research misconduct regulations finalized in 2005 did not incorporate important principles regarding human subjects protections articulated in The Belmont Report, yet research misconduct can involve harms to research subjects and to subsequent patients whose treatments are based on false research findings. Consistency with the Belmont principles would require assuring regular monitoring to detect research misconduct, tracing effects of research misconduct on trial participants and informing them of these effects, and assuring timely correction of published reports of research findings if research misconduct related to the study was subsequently discovered. Research misconduct has historically been viewed as a matter for the scientific community to manage; it is actually a threat to the welfare of human subjects and ethically ought to be treated as such.
The Impact of Ligand Oxidation State and Fold Angle on the Charge Transfer Processes of MoIVO‐Dithione Complexes
Authors: Dille Sara A. , Colston Kyle J. , Mogesa Benjamin , Cassell Joseph , Perera Eranda , Zeller Matthias , Basu Partha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a series of mononuclear monooxo Mo(IV) complexes possessing either one or two fully oxidized dithiolene ligands; [MoOCl(R2Dt0)2][X], (1 and 2), and MoO(p‐SC6H4Y)2(R2Dt0), (3 and 4), (R=Me, iPr; X=PF6, SbF6, BF4; Y=H, Cl, F, CF3, Me, tBu, OMe). Either four or two quasi‐reversible ligand‐based redox couples are detected depending upon the number of fully oxidized dithiolene ligands present. The molecular structure of 3 and 4 exhibit a large (47° to 70°) fold angle along the S⋅⋅⋅S vector of the dithione ligand. The UV‐Vis spectra of 3 and 4 exhibit a low energy charge transfer band at ∼540 nm that are red‐shifted ∼200 nm compared to the spectra of 1 and 2. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that the low energy charge transfer band of 3 and 4 is heavily influenced by ligand fold angle. Reducing the fold angle decreases the charge transfer energy, and the transition becomes more ligand‐based.
Photochemical Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from Diamines and Aldehydes
Authors: Skolia Elpida , Apostolopoulou Mary K. , Nikitas Nikolaos F. , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient, green, cheap, and metal‐free photochemical protocol for the synthesis of benzimidazoles has been developed. 2,2‐Dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone was employed as the photoinitiator and CFL lamps were used as the light source, leading to the cyclization of substituted diamines with aldehydes. The corresponding benzimidazoles were obtained in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies were conducted, in order to determine a plausible mechanism for the reaction.
Internet‐delivered acceptance and commitment therapy as microlearning for chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial with 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Rickardsson Jenny , Gentili Charlotte , Holmström Linda , Zetterqvist Vendela , Andersson Erik , Persson Jan , Lekander Mats , Ljótsson Brjánn , Wicksell Rikard K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies of Internet‐delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain have shown small to moderate positive effects for pain interference and pain acceptance. Effects on pain intensity, depression, anxiety and quality of life (QoL) have been less favourable, and improvements for values and sleep are lacking. In this randomized controlled trial iACT – a novel format of Internet‐ACT using daily microlearning exercises – was examined for efficacy compared to a waitlist condition.MethodsAdult participants (mean age 49.5 years, pain duration 18.1 years) with diverse chronic pain conditions were recruited via self‐referral, and randomized to iACT (n = 57) or waitlist (n = 56). The primary outcome was pain interference. The secondary outcomes were QoL, depression, anxiety, insomnia and pain intensity. The process variables included psychological inflexibility and values. Post‐assessments were completed by 88% (n = 100) of participants. Twelve‐month follow‐up assessments were completed by 65% (iACT only, n = 37). Treatment efficacy was analysed using linear mixed models and an intention‐to‐treat‐approach.ResultsSignificant improvements in favour of iACT were seen for pain interference, depression, anxiety, pain intensity and insomnia, as well as process variables psychological inflexibility and values. Between‐group effect sizes were large for pain interference (d = 0.99) and pain intensity (d = 1.2), moderate for anxiety and depressive symptoms and small for QoL and insomnia. For the process variables, the between‐group effect size was large for psychological inflexibility (d = 1.0) and moderate for values. All improvements were maintained at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsInternet‐ACT as microlearning may improve a broad range of outcomes in chronic pain.SignificanceThe study evaluates a novel behavioral treatment with positive results on pain interference, mood as well as pain intensity for longtime chronic pain sufferers. The innovative format of a digital ACT intervention delivered in short and experiential daily learnings may be a promising way forward.
Short-Term Guideline Values for Chlorine in Freshwaters
Authors: Batley Graeme E. , Adams Merrin S. , Simpson Stuart L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current Australian and New Zealand default guideline value of 3 µg Cl/L for total residual chlorine in freshwaters is largely based on acute data converted to chronic data using a default acute to chronic ratio of 10, without consideration of chlorine decomposition. Given the rapid decomposition of chlorine, initially as hypochlorite and then as chloramine, it is appropriate to consider a guideline value based on short-term (acute) toxicity rather than one based on longer-term chronic data, as has been recommended for chlorine in marine waters. The literature on the fate of chlorine in drinking water discharged to freshwaters and on the ecotoxicity of total residual chlorine has been reviewed, and on the basis of this, revised default guideline values were derived for both hypochlorite and chloramine in freshwater using a species sensitivity distribution of toxicity data. The values for 95% species protection were 7 and 9 µg Cl/L as total residual chlorine, respectively. The former would apply to any total residual chlorine-containing effluent, but in the case of drinking water where dechlorination has been undertaken, the chloramine-based default guideline value is likely to be more appropriate. Both are likely to be conservative because they were largely based on toxicity testing under continuous flow-through conditions. They will apply at the edge of the mixing zone, and the variable receiving water concentration at this point might best be determined from a time-weighted average total residual chlorine concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1341–1352. © 2021 SETAC
Complexation of β‐lactoglobulin with gum arabic: Effect of heat treatment and enhanced encapsulation efficiency
Authors: Cao Mengna , Gao Jian , Li Yang , Liu Chengzhi , Shi Jieyu , Ni Fangfang , Ren Gerui , Xie Hujun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeat treatment is widely used in food industry. Proteins and polysaccharides as important natural polymers in food, under heat treatment, the interactions between them could mediate the conformation and functional properties of proteins. Thermally induced β‐lactoglobulin‐gum arabic complexes (β‐Lg‐GA) were fabricated, and the effect of heat treatment on physicochemical properties of the complexes was systematically investigated. The average particle size of β‐Lg‐GA complexes decreased with temperature increased, at 85°C, a smaller size of 273 nm was obtained. A saturated adsorption of GA was found when mass ratio of β‐Lg/GA was <1:2. At pH = 4.2–7.0, electrostatic attraction between β‐Lg and GA was low and a fairly constant turbidity was observed, the formed composite particles had good stability to the pH value. Through UV, fluorescence, and FTIR spectroscopy, it was found that formation of the nanoparticles relied on thermal denaturation and aggregation of protein, the electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions between β‐Lg and GA were also important. Scanning electron microscope further indicated β‐Lg and GA had good compatibility, and the complexes had a spherical core–shell structure at molecular level. In addition, these prepared natural nanoparticles by heat treatment show significantly higher encapsulation efficiency for (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) than that of unheated, thus could be used as a promising carrier for biologically active substances.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and comorbidity: Associations with dementia progression rate in a memory clinic cohort
Authors: Edwin Trine Holt , Strand Bjørn Heine , Persson Karin , Engedal Knut , Selbæk Geir , Knapskog Anne‐Brita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are associated with dementia severity and progression rate. NPS clusters have different neurobiological underpinnings; therefore, their effect on dementia progression may differ. Furthermore, little is known about whether individual comorbidities affect progression rate. We investigated the effect of NPS clusters and individual comorbidities on dementia progression.MethodsA memory clinic cohort with all‐cause dementia (N = 442) was followed for up to 3 years from diagnosis. Previously, we found trajectory groups of dementia progression in this cohort: one with slow progression and two with rapid progression. In the present study, using principal component analysis, three symptom clusters of NPS were identified on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q): agitation, affective and psychosis symptom clusters. Data regarding comorbidity were collected by linkage to the Norwegian Patient Registry. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to explore the association between NPS clusters and comorbidity with trajectory‐group membership.ResultsAdjusted for demographics, dementia aetiology, comorbidity and cognition, we found that, at the time of dementia diagnosis, for every point within the psychosis symptom cluster of the NPI‐Q, the risk of rapid progression increased by 53%; for every point within the affective symptom cluster, the risk of rapid progression increased by 29%. A previous diagnosis of mental and behavioural disorders (excluding dementia) decreased the risk of rapid dementia progression by 65%.ConclusionsPsychosis and affective symptom clusters at the time of diagnosis were associated with rapid progression of dementia. Previous diagnoses of mental and behavioural disorders (excluding dementia) were associated with slow progression.
Surrogates, Chaos, and the Inadequacy of Autonomy
Authors: Chapple Helen Stanton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Speaking for the Dying: Life‐and‐Death Decisions in Intensive Care, Susan Shapiro attempts to penetrate and organize the chaotic communications between physicians and family members who are making medical decisions for people who have lost the capacity to make their own medical decisions. The work is based on observations undertaken by Shapiro and a coresearcher of one thousand encounters between physicians and the family members of two hundred patients too sick to participate. Their ethnographic work, which is both traditional and innovative, leads to stunning findings. They reveal an inadequacy among surrogates that is undeniable, vast, and potentially tragic—if measured by the questionable standard of adhering to the patient's preferences. Further confirming research would be helpful, but what Shapiro has recognized already should shake the foundations of advance care planning.