bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol For The Systematic Review Of Return-To-Activity Criteria In Adolescent Patients Following An Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Romanchuk Nicholas J. , Livock Holly , Lukas Kenneth J. , Bel Michael J. Del , Benoit Daniel , Carsen Sasha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a debilitating knee injury associated with sequela such as joint instability and progressive degeneration. Unfortunately, following surgical ACL reconstruction in adolescents the rates of either ACL graft failure or contralateral ACL rupture ranges from 17–30%. A contributing factor to the high re-injury rate in this population may be the limited evidence regarding appropriate criteria for allowing unrestricted return-to-activities (RTA) post-operatively. Several systematic reviews have already sought to develop a consensus on what criteria should be utilized for releasing patients to unrestricted sports activities; however, these reviews have focused on adult populations, a group at much lower risk for re-injury. Our objective is to systematically examine the literature and identify the criteria used in existing research when determining unrestricted RTA following an ACL reconstruction in an adolescent population.
Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search will be performed of the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic database. Searches will be conducted from January 1st, 2000 until submission of the final review. Studies will be identified that include adolescent patients (≤ 18 years old) undergoing a primary ACL reconstruction, and which have specified the criteria used to determine RTA. Each article will be independently screened by two reviewers. To supplement the electronic database search, citations within all included studies will be manually reviewed. Reviewers will record the RTA assessment utilized and the rates of ACL re-injury through a standardized data extraction sheet. Reviewers will resolve full-text screening and data extraction disagreements through discussion. Synthesis of the collected data will focus on compiling and mapping the most commonly used types of RTA criteria.
Discussion

This systematic review will clarify the existing evidence on RTA in adolescent patients post-ACL reconstruction. This will help future interventions build more effective adolescent-specific RTA assessments through the validation of current RTA criteria as well as the implementation of new criteria according to the identified literature gaps.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Han , Li Juan , Xu Guixing , Zou Zihao , Sun Mingsheng , Yu Siyi , Liu Liying , Liu Jiajia , Yang Jie , Liang Fanrong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Infertility is a common health problem affecting couples at childbearing age. The proposal of in vitro fertilization (IVF) solves the problem of infertility to a certain extent. However, the average IVF success rates are low. Some studies conclude that transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) could improve pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing IVF. In consideration of the lack of comprehensive synthesis and evaluation of existing evidence, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis is planned to determine whether TEAS is effective and safe to improve the pregnancy outcomes for women undergoing IVF.
Methods

Eight online databases will be searched from inception to June 2021. In addition, four clinical trial registries will also be searched, relevant references will be screened, and experts will be consulted for possible eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which included patients with infertility who underwent IVF and used TEAS as the main adjuvant treatment versus non-TEAS or sham TEAS control will be included. The clinical pregnancy rate will be considered as the primary outcome. Ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate, emotion-related indicators, adverse events related to interventions, and other relevant indicators will be regarded as secondary outcomes. The selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment will be conducted by two independent researchers using Endnote software V.9.1 and RevMan software V.5.3. Moreover, data synthesis will be conducted using RevMan software V.5.3 and R software V.3.6.1.
Ethics and dissemination:

Ethical approval is not necessary because the current study will not include the original information of the individuals. We plan to publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.
Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021238871
A Systematic Review of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder Research in Kenya
Authors: JAGUGA FLORENCE , KIBURI SARAH KANANA , TEMET EUNICE , BARASA JULIUS , KARANJA SERAH , KINYUA LIZZ , KWOBAH EDITH 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The burden of substance use in Kenya is significant. The objective of this study was to systematically summarize existing literature on substance use in Kenya, identify research gaps, and provide directions for future research. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in line with the PRISMA guidelines. We conducted a search of 5 bibliographic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Professionals (CINAHL) and Cochrane Library) until 20 August 2020. In addition we searched all the volumes of the official journal of the National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol & Drug Abuse (the African Journal of Alcohol and Drug Abuse). The results of eligible studies have been summarized descriptively and organized by the three broad categories: (1) Studies evaluating the epidemiology of substance use, (2) studies evaluating interventions and programs, and (3) qualitative studies exploring various themes on substance use. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.Results: Of the 185 studies that were eligible for inclusion, 144 investigated the epidemiology of substance use, 23 qualitatively explored various substance use related themes, and 18 evaluated substance use interventions and programs. Key evidence gaps emerged. Firstly, vulnerable populations such as police officers, pregnant women, health care workers and persons with physical disability had been under-represented within the epidemiological and qualitative work. Secondly, no intervention study had been conducted among children and adolescents. Thirdly, most interventions had focused on alcohol to the exclusion of other prevalent substances such as tobacco and cannabis. Finally, little had been done to evaluate digital and population-level interventions. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review provide important directions for future substance use research in Kenya. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020203717
The Hydro, Wind and Solar Hybrid Power Generation and Balancing Energy Supply-Demand for Seyemtribua Rural Village in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gezahegn Getachew Tesfaye , Hatiye Samuel Dagalo , Ayana Melkamu Teshome , Ayalew Abebe Temesgen , Minda Thomas Torora 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Ethiopia has a wide range of renewable energy resources for the electrification of rural areas which are often disconnected from the national grid. However, these have not yet been utilized for supplying energy to the rural community. Methods:The techno-economic viability of the hydro, wind, and solar hybrid power potential of Seyemtribua village in the Geba Catchment, Northern Ethiopia was evaluated using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software package. The hydrologic, meteorological, and demographic data collected from different sources were contemplated to analyze the power output and demand of the village. The simulation and optimization techniques in HOMER were employed for the possible configuration of micro-hydro, wind, and solar power hybrid systems. Besides the standalone, two and more systems were also combined to evaluate the technical capability of the hybrid system. The hourly and daily electrical load of the community was obtained using survey data from selected households.Results:The mean annual power output that can be harnessed from the micro-hydro, solar, and wind is 272.4 kilowat, 161.8 kilowat, and 96.8 kilowat, respectively. The combination of these energy sources is sufficient to satisfy the power demand of the village. However, the mean hourly variation of power output from the hybrid system demonstrated shortage during peak load times which can be assisted by a generator output. The economic analysis revealed that the hybrid system is feasible and cheaper than other sources of energy besides its environmental benefit.Conclusions: The potential of energy production from hybrid systems (solar, wind and micro-hydro power systems) and its economic feasibility for remotely located villages in Ethiopian condition is promising. We suggest decision-makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies, power authorities, and investors consider such hybrid systems for rural electrification in Ethiopia.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of First Aid Among Commercial Drivers: a Case Study of Commercial Drivers at the Central Motor Park, Itam, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Eberendu Jasper 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One hundred commercial drivers were randomly selected from the Central Motor Park, Itam, Uyo, the capital city of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of first aid among the commercial drivers in the park. A questionnaire made up of two parts was used. Part A sought the demographic information while Part B sought information on knowledge, attitude and practice of first aid among commercial drivers. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data were analyzed using chi-square statistics. The results revealed positive attitudes among the drivers towards the practice of first aid. However, the results also revealed poor knowledge and practice of first aid among the drivers. Recommendations were made for commercial drivers to be involved in first aid training programme organized periodically by the state government and transport companies. Also recommended is the inclusion of first aid training in the driving school curriculum.
Analysis of Mechanical and Tribological properties of Silicon incorporated Diamond Like Carbon Nanocomposite
Authors: Murugan V. Sakthi , Madhu S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Silicon (Si) contained diamond like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite were prepared by using thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique by varying the acetylene (C2H2) flowrates. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed a smoother surface of nanocomposite at low C2H2 flowrates. The atomic force microscope (AFM) reveals the increase of particle size and surface roughness of the composite with respect to the C2H2 flowrates. The mechanical properties were evaluated using the nanoindentation and it is observed that the hardness (H) and young’s modulus (E) of the nanocomposite increases with increase of the C2H2 flow rate. The internal stress (𝝈) was computed by using Stoney’s equation and it is noticed that due to the incorporation of Si the residual stress significantly decreased. The tribological properties of the nanocomposite were analysed by computing the H/E, H3/E2, plasticity index (PI) and elasticity index (EI). The results showed that the Si incorporated nanocomposite (Si-DLC) has an excellent tribological properties.
Development And Validation of A Novel Hypoxia- And Immune-Related Prognostic Signature For Bone And Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients
Authors: Li Zhehong , Wei Junqiang , Zheng Honghong , Gan Xintian , Song Mingze , Zhang Yafang , Cao Haiying , Jin Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia- and immune-status play an essential role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. This study sought to build a novel hypoxia- and immune-related signature to evaluate sarcoma patients' prognosis.Methods: Transcriptome data and clinicopathological characteristics of sarcoma patients were downloaded from the TARGET database. We grouped patients with three clusters by using t-SNE. We defined the three cluster as high-, medium-, and low-hypoxia clusters by K-M analysis and differential expression of target genes associated with the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Then we used the "limma" package to screen hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (HRDEGs) in the high- and low-hypoxia clusters. We immediately assessed the immune status by using the single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and divided the patients into high-, medium-, and low-immune clusters. Immune-related DEGs (IRDEGs) were filtered in the high- and low- immune groups. The intersection of HRDEGs and IRDEGs screened overlapping genes. We used a combination of Cox regression analysis and LASSO model to obtain prognosis-related genes and established a novel hypoxia- and immune-related prognostic signature for sarcoma patients. Combining clinicopathological characteristics of sarcoma patients, we evaluated the signature by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We further divided the patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the novel signature. Finally, we evaluated the differences in hypoxia status and the immune status in high- and low-risk groups.Results: We identified two genes associated with prognosis, CMA1 and IGDCC3. The novel Prognostic signature could be used as an independent prognostic factor for sarcoma patients. We distinguished patients more effectively by their different survival outcomes, immune cells' infiltration status, and immune-related markers.Conclusion: The hypoxia- and immune-related prognostic signature can be used to stratify the risk of sarcoma patients. Our study established a new prognostic signature and provides a potential prognostic markers for hypoxia- and immune-related therapy.
The Rumen Microbiome Inhibits Methane Formation Through Dietary Choline Supplementation
Authors: Li Yang , Kreuzer Michael , Clayssen Quentin , Ebert Marc-Olivier , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Sunagawa Shinichi , Kunz Carmen , Attwood Graeme , Amelchanka Sergej , Terranova Melissa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Enteric fermentation from ruminants is a primary source of anthropogenic methane emission. This study aims to add another approach for methane mitigation by manipulation of the rumen microbiome. Effects of choline supplementation on methane formation were quantified in vitro using the Rumen Simulation Technique. Supplementing 200 mM of choline chloride or choline bicarbonate reduced methane emissions by 97-100% after 15 days. Associated with the reduction of methane formation, metabolomics analysis revealed high post-treatment concentrations of ethanol, which likely served as a major hydrogen sink. Metagenome sequencing showed that the methanogen community was almost entirely lost, and choline-utilizing bacteria that can produce either lactate, ethanol or formate as hydrogen sinks were enriched. The taxa most strongly associated with methane mitigation were Megasphaera elsdenii and Denitrobacterium detoxificans, both capable of consuming lactate. This suggests that lactate acts as an intermediate product and a major hydrogen sink during choline metabolism. Accordingly, choline metabolism promoted the capability of bacteria to utilize alternative hydrogen sinks and collectively keep the hydrogen partial pressure low leading to the inhibition of methanogenesis. However, fermentation of fibre and total organic matter could not be fully maintained with choline supplementation, while amino acid deamination and ethanolamine catabolism produced excessive ammonia.
Evaluation of the Healthy Living after Cancer Text Message-Delivered, Extended Contact Intervention using the RE-AIM Framework
Authors: Job Jennifer R. , Eakin Elizabeth G. , Reeves Marina M. , Fjeldsoe Brianna S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Text message-delivered interventions have potential to prevent weight regain and maintain diet and physical activity behaviours through extending contact with participants following initial weight loss, lifestyle interventions. This study evaluated the adoption, reach, implementation, effectiveness and maintenance of an extended contact text-message intervention following the Healthy Living after Cancer (HLaC) program. HLaC was a 6-month, telephone-delivered intervention targeting healthy diet, physical activity and weight loss for adult cancer survivors, offered by Cancer Councils (CCs) in Australia. Methods: HLaC completers (n=182) were offered extended contact via text messages for 6-months (HLaC+Txt). Text message content/frequency was individually tailored to participant’s preferences, ascertained through two telephone-tailoring interviews with CC staff. Adoption (HLaC+Txt uptake among eligible CCs), reach (uptake by HLaC completers) and implementation (intervention cost/length; text dose) were assessed. The effectiveness of extended contact relative to historic controls was quantified by pre-to-post HLaC+Txt changes in self-reported: weight, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable intake, fat and fibre behaviour. Maintenance, following 6-months of noncontact for the intervention cohort, was assessed for these same variables. Semi-structured interviews with CC staff and participants contextualised outcomes. Results: HLaC+Txt was adopted by all four CCs who had delivered HLaC. In total, 115 participants commenced HLaC+Txt, with reach ranging across CCs from 47–80% of eligible participants. The mean number of weeks participants received the text message intervention ranged across CCs from 18.5 – 22.2 weeks. Participants received (median, 25th,75th percentile) 83 (48, 119) texts, ranging across CCs from 40 to 112. The total cost of HLaC+Txt delivery was on average $AUD85.00/participant. No meaningful (p<0.05) differences in self-reported outcomes were seen between HLaC+Txt and control cohorts. After 6-months no contact the intervention cohort had maintained weight, fruit intake, fat and fibre index scores relative to end of HLaC+Txt outcomes. Participants and CC staff perceived an important intervention component was maintaining accountability. Conclusions: While feasible to implement, HLaC+Txt was not effective in the short term. However, intervention effects during the first 6-months of non-contact suggest the program supports longer term maintenance of weight and diet behaviour. Intervention delivery in this real-world context highlighted key considerations for future implementation.Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12615000882527 (registered on 24/08/2015)
Observation of Aerosol Generation by Human Subjects During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Using a High-powered Laser Technique
Authors: Varga Christopher M. , Kwiatkowski Keith J. , Pedro Michael J. , Groepenhoff Herman , Rose Edward A , Gray Callum , Pinkerton Kai D. , McBride Michael G. , Paridon Stephen M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Human respiratory aerosols may have important implications for transmission of pathogens. The study of aerosol production during vigorous breathing activities such as exercise is limited. Data on aerosol production during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are lacking. Methods: We used a high-powered, pulsed Nd:YAG laser to illuminate a region of interest in front of two healthy adult subjects during CPET. Subjects exercised to the point of respiratory compensation. Images were captured with a high-speed, high-resolution camera to determine net exhaled particle (NEP) counts at different phases of CPET, including resting breathing, submaximal exercise, peak exercise, and active recovery. Experiments were performed with the room ventilation activated.Results: NEP counts remained relatively constant until late/peak exercise when they decreased prior to rebounding into recovery. NEP counts at resting breathing were higher than those reported using other methods of measurement. Exhaled particles were in the submicron size range. Conclusion: Our method of aerosol particle quantification enables measurement of significant quantities of ultrafine particles and dynamic assessment of aerosol production during CPET. The unique pattern of aerosol production observed during submaximal and peak exercise suggests that extension of results from resting breathing to CPET may not be appropriate.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Assessment on COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Dalawi Izzaty , Isa Mohamad Rodi , Wee Chen Xin , Azhar Zahir Izuan , Aimran Ahmad Nazim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 30 January 2020. We aim to systematically review the tool used for the assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on Covid-19 infection. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment on COVID-19 infection. The search will cover the period December 2019 to January 2021. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality will be assessed using the STROBE checklist for a cross-sectional study. Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. The numerical outcome will be analysed using mean and standard deviation. The categorical outcome will be analysed using absolute number and percentage. The range number of items, reliability, and validity of each domain will be assessed descriptively. Discussion: This systematic review of KAP measurement tools will provide a detailed summary of the existing tools used to assess the KAP levels towards COVID-19 and its’ reliability and validity in different settings and populations. Also, the review will provide evidence on the importance of the reliability and validity of the assessment tools in ensuring quality data from future research. Systematic Review Registration: International Platform of Registered Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), number INPLASY202150039