bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering heterogeneous associations of disaster‐related traumatic experiences with subsequent mental health problems: A machine learning approach
Authors: Shiba Koichiro , Daoud Adel , Kino Shiho , Nishi Daisuke , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2021

AimUnderstanding the differential mental health effects of traumatic experiences is important to identify particularly vulnerable subpopulations. We examined the heterogeneous associations between disaster‐related traumatic experiences and postdisaster mental health, using a novel machine learning–based causal inference approach.MethodsData were from a prospective cohort study of Japanese older adults in an area severely affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster and the 2 follow‐up surveys were conducted 2.5 and 5.5 years after (n = 1150 to n = 1644 depending on the exposure‐outcome combinations). As disaster‐related traumatic experiences, we assessed complete home loss and loss of loved ones. Using the generalized random forest algorithm, we estimated conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) of the disaster damages on postdisaster mental health outcomes to examine the heterogeneous associations by 51 predisaster characteristics of the individuals.ResultsWe found that, even when there was no population average association between disaster‐related trauma and subsequent mental health outcomes, some subgroups experienced severe impacts. We also identified and compared characteristics of the most and least vulnerable groups (ie, top versus bottom deciles of the estimated CATEs). While there were some unique patterns specific to each exposure‐outcome combination, the most vulnerable group tended to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds with preexisting depressive symptoms for many exposure‐outcome combinations.ConclusionsWe found considerable heterogeneity in the association between disaster‐related traumatic experiences and subsequent mental health problems.
Progressive nodular histiocytosis in a 9‐year‐old boy treated with cobimetinib
Authors: Buján María Marta , Sánchez La Rosa Cristian , Galluzzo Mutti María Laura , Braier Jorge , Diamond Eli L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProgressive nodular histiocytosis is a rare variant of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects the skin and mucous membranes and displays a progressive clinical course and poor response to treatment. We describe a case of severe progressive nodular histiocytosis harboring a KRAS p.G12S mutation in a 9‐year‐old boy, refractory to chemotherapy, who was successfully treated with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib. This is the first report of the use of MEK inhibition for this histiocytosis subtype in a pediatric patient.
Parent report of sleep health and attention regulation in a cross‐sectional study of infants and preschool‐aged children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zhou Nina Y. , Nili Amanda , Blackwell Courtney K. , Ogbuefi Nonye , Cummings Peter , Lai Jin‐Shei , Griffith James W. , Paller Amy S. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Fishbein Anna B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesOlder children with atopic dermatitis (AD) suffer from poor sleep and attention problems. However, until recently, the dearth of developmentally sensitive assessment tools impeded characterization in younger children. We aimed to characterize sleep and attention problems in young children with AD and identify modifiable factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of children with AD aged 1–4 years was stratified by disease severity (Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure), age, and racial/ethnic groups. Developmentally sensitive surveys assessed attention (Multidimensional Assessment Profile of Attention Regulation), sleep, and itch (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System). Linear regression models identified predictors of sleep health and attention dysregulation.ResultsParents (n = 60) of children aged 2.78 ± 0.98 years with severe (n = 25), moderate (n = 25), or mild (n = 10) AD were recruited across the United States. Significantly reduced sleep health (T‐score ≥ 60) was reported in 86% of children with moderate/severe disease (n = 43), and 50% had ≥5 nights of disturbed sleep per week. A suboptimal sleep environment was identified with 32% of children with too much light, noise, or electronic device usage. With regard to attention regulation, in children with severe AD, 80% had trouble sitting still and 72% of children had trouble paying attention no matter their surroundings. In fully adjusted models, AD severity was a significant predictor of poor sleep health (B = 0.79 [0.31–1.28], p < .01) and attention dysregulation (B = 1.22 [0.51–1.93], p < .01).ConclusionsMore severe AD correlates with poor sleep health and attention dysregulation. In addition to aggressive treatment of AD, clinicians should advise on modifiable sleep hygiene practices and consider screening for attention dysregulation in young children.
Violet‐blue 405‐nm Light‐based Photoinactivation for Pathogen Reduction of Human Plasma Provides Broad Antibacterial Efficacy Without Visible Degradation of Plasma Proteins
Authors: Stewart Caitlin F. , Tomb Rachael M. , Ralston Heather J. , Armstrong Jack , Anderson John G. , MacGregor Scott J. , Atreya Chintamani D. , Maclean Michelle 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIn transfusion medicine, bacterial contamination can occur in ex vivo stored blood plasma, and there are continued efforts to improve blood safety and reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections. Visible 405‐nm violet‐blue light has demonstrated potential for in situ pathogen reduction in ex vivo stored plasma and platelet concentrates. This study investigates the broad‐spectrum antibacterial efficacy and compatibility potential of 405‐nm light for treatment of blood plasma. Human plasma seeded with bacteria at a range of densities (101–103, 104–106, 107–108 CFU mL−1) was exposed to 360 J cm−2 405‐nm light (1 h at 0.1 W cm−2), with this fixed dose selected based on the initial analysis of inactivation kinetics. One‐dimensional protein mobility analysis and measurement of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) was conducted to evaluate compatibility of the antimicrobial dose with plasma proteins and, identify upper levels at which protein degradation can be detected. Broad‐spectrum antibacterial efficacy was observed with a fixed treatment of 360 J cm−2, with 98.9–100% inactivation achieved across all seeding densities for all organisms, except E. coli, which achieved 95.1–100% inactivation. At this dose (360 J cm−2), no signs of protein degradation occurred. Overall, 405‐nm light shows promise for broad‐spectrum bacterial inactivation in blood plasma, while preserving plasma protein integrity.
Platelet‐rich plasma affects gap junctional features in myofibroblasts in vitro via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A/VEGF receptor
Authors: Sassoli Chiara , Garella Rachele , Chellini Flaminia , Tani Alessia , Pavan Paola , Bambi Franco , Zecchi‐Orlandini Sandra , Squecco Roberta 
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
It is a challenge to discover effective therapies for fibrosis. Increasing evidence supports the antifibrotic potential of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as a source of bioactive molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of PRP need to be clarified.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This report clarifies the mechanisms mediating the antifibrotic action of PRP, strengthening the role of VEGF‐A/VEGF receptor, and identifies gap junction currents and connexin 43 as novel targets of this pathway in the fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transition induced by the transforming growth factor‐β1.

AbstractDespite increasing experimental evidence, the antifibrotic potential of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) remains controversial, and its mechanisms of action are not fully clarified. This short report extends our previous research on the capability of PRP to prevent the in vitro differentiation of fibroblasts toward myofibroblasts, the key effectors of fibrosis, induced by the profibrotic agent transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). In particular, we focused on the involvement of signalling mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in the PRP‐induced fibroblast response, highlighting gap junction features. Electrophysiological and morphological analyses revealed that PRP hindered morphofunctional differentiation of both murine NIH/3T3 and human primary adult skin fibroblasts toward myofibroblasts as judged by the analysis of membrane phenomena, α‐smooth muscle actin and vinculin expression and cell morphology. Neutralization of VEGF‐A by blocking antibodies or pharmacological inhibition of VEGFR by KRN633 in TGF‐β1‐treated fibroblasts prevented the PRP‐promoted effects, such as the reduction of voltage‐dependent transjunctional currents in cell pairs and a decreased expression of connexin 43, the typical connexin isoform forming voltage‐dependent connexons. The role of VEGF‐A in inhibiting these events was confirmed by treating TGF‐β1‐stimulated fibroblasts with soluble VEGF‐A. The results obtained when cells were differentiated using KRN633 alone suggest an antagonistic cross‐talk between TGF‐β1 and VEGFR. In conclusion, this study identifies, for the first time, gap junction currents as crucial targets in the VEGF‐A/VEGFR‐mediated antifibrotic pathway and provides new insights into mechanisms behind the action of PRP in preventing differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.
Assessment of the Potentiality to the Debris-Flow Occurrence from Physiographic and Morphometrics Parameters: a Case Study in Santo Antônio Basin (Caraguatatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil)
Authors: Corrêa Claudia Vanessa Santos , Vieira Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes , Giordano Lucilia Do Carmo , Cabral Victor Carvalho , Gramani Marcelo Fischer , Gabelini Beatriz Marques , Duz Beatriz Guzzo , Veloso Vinicius Queiroz 
Published: December 2021

This work aims to evaluate the potential for the debris-flow triggering from Santo Antônio hydrographic basin, located in the Serra do Mar region on North Coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, based on physiographic attributes, rainfall data, and morphometric parameters. For this purpose, hydrographic basin techniques were applied, assessing the vulnerability to the debris flow from geomorphological, geological, climatic, and anthropic aspects, and morphometric parameters relevant to the triggering of these processes in watersheds were calculated. Seven physiographic units were identified, which supported the understanding of geological and geomorphological aspects of the basin: coastal plains; river plains; colluvium and talus ramps; escarpments of Serra do Mar; upland of Paraitinga; mountainous relief and hillocks domain. The sub-basins located in steep sections of the relief, with high slopes, valleys, and channels docked, high drainage densities present higher values in the morphometric parameters, indicating a greater potential for triggering and occurrence of debris-flow processes. The joint analysis of physiographic compartmentalization with the identification of relief features, slope, amplitude, valley, slope shapes and morphometric parameters, is extremely relevant to recognize hydrographic basins susceptible to debris flows, as it integrates, and correlates aspects of the physical environment considered to trigger in the occurrence of these processes.
Disrupting Family Group Conference practice in Aotearoa New Zealand: A learning project
Authors: Nordstrom Raewyn , Stanfield Deb 
Published: December 2021

Participation in, or facilitation of, Family Group Conferences (FGCs) and hui-ā-whānau (family meetings) are key social work practice activities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Social work students are expected to graduate with the cultural competence necessary to work ethically with whānau Māori according to the bicultural practice principles of Te Tiriti ō Waitangi. This competence includes skills in the facilitation of joint decision making, shared responsibility and the use of Māori engagement principles, all of which are fundamental to the traditional and professional practice of hui (meetings).We argue that, for social work students to enter the profession with the ability to work effectively in a statutory setting, and with whānau Māori, learning must go beyond the processes of the FGC as set out in the Oranga Tamariki Act (1989)—originally the Children, Young Personsand Their Families Act, 1989—and embrace the historical and cultural intent of this practice. It must encourage students to be mindful of their cultural selves in the process and to reflect on the tensions arising from how the FGC sits within a statutory, managerial, and neoliberal policy framework. This article applies concepts of Māori and Western pedagogy to a learning strategy developed by the authors over a period of four years. The Reality FGC Project began as a way of assisting students to develop skills and apply theory to practice, and unexpectedly became an opportunity to reflexively and iteratively consider the role of social work education in re-thinking FGC practice in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Identity of Kaliningraders: influence of Social Beliefs on the Choice of Self-Identification
Authors: Vendina O. I. , Gritsenko A. A. , Zotova M. V. , Zinovyev A. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract—
Research into the identity of residents of Kaliningrad Oblast is characterized by a combination of close attention to the ideologically significant factors of its formation and its deficit in personal belief and mindset issues. At best, researchers talk about stereotypes of public opinion and enduring mythologems. The authors seek to fill this gap by offering a look at identity as a reflective project supported by narratives and controlled by social practice. The purpose of the article is to show shifts in the understanding of the surrounding reality that took place in Kaliningrad society at the beginning of the 21st century and to the nature of their influence on the self-identification of Kaliningrad residents. The authors relied on a series of interviews conducted in the summer of 2020. The results of content analysis of text materials were compared with findings by other researchers and sociological survey data. The analysis showed that Kaliningrad society is characterized by opposing cultural phenomena: “Delays,” i.e., comprehension of ongoing changes in categories relevant to the previous era, and “getting ahead,” the use of narratives and practices characteristic of postmodernity. The authors suggest that the level of pluralism achieved by Kaliningrad society, based on a combination of modern and traditional values, provides the identity of the oblast’s residents with the necessary stability. However, the contradiction between identity retention policy within traditional statist ideas and the reflexivity of modern society, in which an individual is not bound by traditions and ascriptive relations, can upset the existing equilibrium.
Progression of myopia in teenagers and adults: a nationwide longitudinal study of a prevalent cohort
Authors: Ducloux Alexandre , Marillet Simon , Ingrand Pierre , Bullimore Mark A , Bourne Rupert R A , Leveziel Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of myopia in teenagers and adults in France.MethodsThis nationwide prospective study followed 630 487 myopic adults and teenagers (mean age 43.4 years±18.2, 59.8% of women) between January 2013 and January 2019. Myopia and high myopia were defined as a spherical equivalent less than or equal to –0.50 and –6.00 diopters (D), respectively. Demographic data were collected at first visit and refractive characteristics were collected at each visit. Analysis of short-term progression (first 12 to 26 months postbaseline) was modelled using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Progression of myopia was stratified according to age, gender and spherical equivalent at first visit.ResultsHigher proportions of progressors were observed in the youngest age groups: 14–15 (18.2 %) and 16–17 years old (13.9 %). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for over age, spherical equivalent and gender, the mean short-term progression decreased from –0.36 D in the 14–15 years age group to –0.13 D in the 28–29 years age group. Young age and higher myopia at baseline together were strongly associated with the risk of developing high myopia, the 5-year cumulative risk being 76% for youngest teenager with higher myopia status at baseline.ConclusionIn this large cohort of myopic teenagers and adults, myopia progression was reported in 18.2% and 13.9% of the 14–15 and 16–17 age groups, respectively. The risk to develop high myopia was higher for younger individuals with higher myopia at baseline examination.
Self-administered oral glucose tolerance test with capillary glucose measurements for the screening of diabetes mellitus in high-risk adults: a feasibility study
Authors: Tan Andrew Yen Siong , Tan Mui Suan , Wu Ashley , Seah Ai Choo , Chong Cecilia , Koh Eileen , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionEarly diagnosis of prediabetes based on blood sampling for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is crucial for intervention but multiple barriers hinder its uptake. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and precision of a self-administered capillary OGTT for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in high-risk individuals.Research design and methodsParticipants with history of gestational diabetes or prediabetes were recruited in primary care. Due to their prediabetic status and previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, a proportion of participants had previous experience doing OGTT. They self-administered the capillary OGTT and concurrently their venous glucose samples were obtained. They filled a questionnaire to collect their demographic information, views of their capillary OGTT, and their preferred site of the test.ResultsAmong 30 participants enrolled in this feasibility study, 93.3% of them felt confident of performing the capillary OGTT themselves, and 70.0% preferred the test at home. Older, less educated participants found it less acceptable. Mean capillary glucose values were significantly higher than venous glucose values, with mean difference at 0.31 mmol/L (95% CI 0.13 to 0.49) at fasting, and 0.47 mmol/L (95% CI 0.12 to 0.92) 2 hours post-OGTT. Capillary and venous glucose measurements were correlated for fasting (r=0.95; p<0.001) and 2-hour-post-OGTT (r=0.95;p<0.001). The Fleiss-Kappa Score (0.79, p<0.0001) indicated fair agreement between the two methods. The capillary OGTT had excellent sensitivity (94.1%) and negative predictive value (NPV=91.7%) in identifying prediabetes or T2DM status, vis-a-vis to venous glucose samples.ConclusionSelf-administered capillary OGTT is feasible and acceptable, especially among younger adults, with excellent sensitivity and NPV compared with plasma-based OGTT.
Modelling STEMI service delivery: a proof of concept study
Authors: Cole Justin , Beare Richard , Phan Thanh , Srikanth Velandai , Stub Dion , Smith Karen , Murdoch Karen , Layland Jamie 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAccess to individual percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres has traditionally been determined by historical referral patterns along arbitrarily defined geographic boundaries. We set out to produce predictive models of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) demand and time-efficient access to PCI centres.MethodsTravel times from random addresses to PCI centres in Melbourne, Australia, were estimated using Google map application programming interface (API). Departures at 08:15 and 17:15 were compared with 23:00 to determine the effect of peak hour traffic congestion. Real-world ambulance travel times were compared with estimated travel times using Google map developer software. STEMI incidence per postcode was estimated by merging STEMI incidence per age group data with age group per postcode census data. PCI centre network configuration changes were assessed for their effect on hospital STEMI loading, catchment size, travel times and the number of STEMI cases within 30 min of a PCI centre.ResultsNearly 10% of STEMI cases travelled more than 30 min to a PCI centre, increasing to 20% by modelling the removal of large outer metropolitan PCI centres (p<0.05). A model of 7 PCI centres compared favourably to the current existing network of 11 PCI centres (p=0.18 (afternoon), p=0.5 (morning and night)). The intraclass correlation between estimated travel times and ambulance travel times was 0.82, p<0.001.ConclusionThis paper provides a framework to integrate prehospital environmental variables, existing or altered healthcare resources and health statistics to objectively model STEMI demand and consequent access to PCI. Our methodology can be modified to incorporate other inputs to compute optimum healthcare efficiencies.
Efficacy of biological therapies and small molecules in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Burr Nicholas E , Gracie David J , Black Christopher J , Ford Alexander C 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveBiological therapies and small molecules continue to be evaluated in moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis, but are often studied in placebo-controlled trials, meaning their relative efficacy and safety is unknown. We examined this in a network meta-analysis.DesignWe searched the literature to October 2021 to identify eligible trials. We judged efficacy using clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, or clinical response, and according to previous exposure or non-exposure to antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy. We also assessed safety. We used a random effects model and reported data as pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs. Interventions were ranked according to their P-score.ResultsWe identified 28 trials (12 504 patients). Based on failure to achieve clinical remission, upadacitinib 45 mg once daily ranked first versus placebo (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.80, P-score 0.98), with infliximab 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg second and third, respectively. Upadacitinib ranked first for clinical remission in both patients naïve to anti-TNF-α drugs (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78, P-score 0.99) and previously exposed (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.85, P-score 0.99). Upadacitinib was superior to almost all other drugs in these analyses. Based on failure to achieve endoscopic improvement infliximab 10 mg/kg ranked first (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.72, P-score 0.97), with upadacitinib 45 mg once daily, second, and infliximab 5 mg/kg third. Upadacitinib was more likely to lead to adverse events, but serious adverse events were no more frequent, and withdrawals due to adverse events were significantly lower than with placebo. Infections were significantly more likely with tofacitinib than placebo (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.91).ConclusionIn a network meta-analysis, upadacitinib 45 mg once daily ranked first for clinical remission in all patients, patients naïve to anti-TNF-α drugs and patients previously exposed. Infliximab 10 mg/kg ranked first for endoscopic improvement. Most drugs were safe and well tolerated.