bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing classical descriptive analysis with modified descriptive analysis, modified rate‐all‐that‐apply, and modified check‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Nishida Misa , Lestringant Pauline , Cantu Annegret , Heymann Hildegarde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere have been ongoing attempts to create new rapid sensory methods that allow one to have similar outcomes to conventional descriptive analysis but with less training and time. Check‐all‐that‐apply and rate‐all‐that‐apply methods seem to work very well when relatively large numbers of consumers are involved and with relatively more considerable differences among the samples in a product set. In this study, results from well‐trained descriptive analysis panels were compared to those obtained by using a modified descriptive analysis, modified rate‐all‐that‐apply, and modified check‐all‐that‐apply with shortened training times and with small panel size. The number of significant attributes and the number of sample pairs that were significantly different was counted. The results indicate that modified rate‐all‐that‐apply can have an equivalent discrimination ability as descriptive analysis when the product set included subtly different samples.Practical ApplicationsBased on this study's results, it would seem that the modified rate‐all‐that‐apply with three replications could be an adequate substitute for descriptive analysis in complex samples. The modified rate‐all‐that‐apply technique works well, especially when sensory attributes and reference standards are available for ballot training.
The transfer of amino acids and minerals to the egg yolk and to the yolk sac of their progeny is affected by breeder age
Authors: Santos Januária Silva , Araújo Itallo Conrado Sousa , Martins Poliana Carneiro , Royer Ana Flávia Basso , Café Marcos Barcellos , Andrade Maria Auxiladora , Uni Zehava , Stringhini José Henrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of breeder age on egg quality and amino acid and mineral transfer to the egg yolk and yolk sac of newly hatched chicks. Three ages (32, 42 and 52 weeks) of the same commercial flock of Hubbard breeders were studied. A total of 465 eggs were used for each age, with 60 being used for determining egg quality and amino acid and mineral content of yolk, and 405 for incubation period to obtain and evaluate the yolk sac of chicks. Breeders aged 52 weeks had heavier eggs and a higher percentage of yolk (p < 0.05), whereas 32‐week‐old breeders had higher eggshell percentage and thickness (p < 0.05). The percentage of protein deposited in egg yolk for 52‐week‐old breeders was higher than that for 32‐ and 42‐week‐old breeders (p < 0.05). Percentages of methionine, cysteine, met + cysteine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine and isoleucine in egg yolk for 32‐week‐old breeders were higher than that for 42‐ and 52‐week‐old breeders (p < 0.05). The transfer from breeder of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc to the yolk of eggs from 32‐week‐old breeders was greater than that for eggs from 42‐ and 52‐week‐old breeders (p < 0.05). Chicks from 32‐week‐old breeders had greater deposition of phosphorus and calcium in the yolk sac (p < 0.05). Breeder age did not affect the deposition of potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the yolk sac of newly hatch chicks (p > 0.05). It can, however, be concluded that younger breeders deposit more amino acids and minerals in egg yolk, while embryos of older breeders seem to use the nutrients present in the yolk more efficiently during embryonic development.
Clinical findings and outcome following medical treatment in dogs with idiopathic renal haematuria: 41 cases (2001–2018)
Authors: Kortum A. J. , Bazelle J. , Gomez Selgas A. , Kent A. C. C. , Williams T. L. , Herrtage M. E. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo characterise and document the progression of idiopathic renal haematuria in a large cohort of medically managed UK dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of 41 client‐owned dogs with confirmed (n=14), or suspected (n=27) idiopathic renal haematuria from 4 UK‐based referral centres. Clinical findings and outcomes of dogs (2001 to 2018) were determined from the review of medical records and telephone follow‐up.ResultsMedian survival time from diagnosis was long [1482 (152 to 1825) days] irrespective of treatment and clinical response. Only 1 case was euthanased due to idiopathic renal haematuria, and anaemia or azotaemia occurred infrequently. In total, 25 dogs received angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, of which 23 received benazepril [0.44 (0.19 to 0.82) mg/kg/24 hours], two received enalapril (0.40 and 0.78 mg/kg/24 hours) and one received telmisartan (1 mg/kg/24 hours). In cases with follow‐up urinalyses, complete resolution of haematuria was documented in eight of 19 (42%) dogs following angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment, with partial improvement in five of 19 (26%) and no improvement in six of 19 (31%). Conversely, of the two untreated dogs where outcome was available, one had partial improvement and the other had no improvement.Clinical SignificanceIn this study, idiopathic renal haematuria was associated with a good prognosis and low complication rate. Resolution or improvement in haematuria occurred in both angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker‐treated and untreated dogs, indicating that further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions.
Oleogel formulation using lipophilic sea buckthorn extract isolated from pomace with supercritical CO2
Authors: Eisinaitė Viktorija , Vinauskienė Rimantė , Syrpas Michail , Venskutonis Petras Rimantas , Leskauskaitė Daiva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLipophilic sea buckthorn pomace extract isolated by supercritical CO2 (LSBPE) was structurized with different amounts of carnauba wax or beeswax as oleogelators. Oleogels were also made with added water at an LSBPE:water ratio of 70:30. LSBPE was characterized by a favorable ratio of omega‐6 to omega‐3 fatty acids (1:3) and reasonable amounts of omega‐7 fatty acids (4.45% of total), tocopherols (63.0 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (700.1 mg/100 g). The oleogels were characterized by their structural and rheological properties, and physical and chemical stability during storage. Carnauba wax produced a gel‐like structure with a highly condensed network of aggregated crystals, while beeswax oleogels displayed elongated crystals which formed interconnected networks. Carnauba wax gels were harder than beeswax gels with better oil‐binding capacity and higher crystallization and melting temperatures. Both oleogels showed good physical and oxidative stability during storage due to the immobilization of oil in the three‐dimensional structures, and the presence of strong lipophilic antioxidants in LSBPE, respectively. As the proportion of waxes increased from 5 to 17.5%, the hardness, oil‐binding capacity, crystallization, and melting temperatures increased in both gels due to the more developed crystalline associations. Addition of water had no significant effect on the physical and chemical stability of oleogels during storage. Water was distributed as small droplets in the crystalline network of oleogelators. However, hardness and oil‐binding capacity decreased as water was added. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds, LSBPE oleogels offer the opportunity to deliver bioactives while simultaneously acting as fat substitutes.
Early generalist placements are associated with family medicine career choice: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Ajay , Gasner Adi , Bracken Keyna , Scott Ian , Kelly Martina A. , Palombo Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMany developed countries have reported shortages of Primary Care (PC) physicians. The lack of a regular primary physician is associated with inferior health outcomes. One strategy to address this shortage is to increase the proportion of medical students selecting a Family Medicine (FM) or PC career. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify whether pre‐clerkship general practice placements increase students’ interest in, and selection of FM or PC residencies.MethodsThree databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) searched for interventional studies of pre‐clerkship generalist placements in medical school. Pooled statistical analysis and meta‐analysis were performed, along with narrative summaries when possible. Intervention participants (IP) were compared to controls matched (MC) for baseline interest in FM and an unmatched sample (UC) of contemporary students.FindingsA 11 studies were identified including a total of 5430 students (2428 intervention participants and 3002 controls). IPs were more likely to match to FM than both MC (Risk Ratio: 1.62 [95% CI: 1.03‐2.55]) and UC (RR: 2.04 [1.46‐2.86]). Participation in long interventions (4‐11 weeks) matched to FM at higher rates than short (25‐40 hours) interventions (RR: 3.15 [2.28‐4.35]). The percentage of students with FM/PC as their top specialty of interest increased after the placements (mean difference: +12.8%, n = 586).ConclusionsMedical students who participated in pre‐clerkship general practice placements were more likely to match to a FM residency. Longer pre‐clerkship placements had a stronger association with FM specialty choice. The implementation of longitudinal block generalist placements in the pre‐clerkship years is one strategy for increasing interest in generalist careers.Level of evidenceIV, systematic review of level III and IV studies.
Rootstock influences the effect of grapevine leafroll‐associated viruses on berry development and metabolism via abscisic acid signalling
Authors: Vondras Amanda M. , Lerno Larry , Massonnet Mélanie , Minio Andrea , Rowhani Adib , Liang Dingren , Garcia Jadran , Quiroz Daniela , Figueroa‐Balderas Rosa , Golino Deborah A. , Ebeler Susan E. , Al Rwahnih Maher , Cantu Dario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrapevine leafroll‐associated virus (GLRaV) infections are accompanied by symptoms influenced by host genotype, rootstock, environment, and which individual or combination of GLRaVs is present. Using a dedicated experimental vineyard, we studied the responses to GLRaVs in ripening berries from Cabernet Franc grapevines grafted to different rootstocks and with zero, one, or pairs of leafroll infection(s). RNA sequencing data were mapped to a high‐quality Cabernet Franc genome reference assembled to carry out this study and integrated with hormone and metabolite abundance data. This study characterized conserved and condition‐dependent responses to GLRaV infection(s). Common responses to GLRaVs were reproduced in two consecutive years and occurred in plants grafted to different rootstocks in more than one infection condition. Though different infections were inconsistently distinguishable from one another, the effects of infections in plants grafted to different rootstocks were distinct at each developmental stage. Conserved responses included the modulation of genes related to pathogen detection, abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and cytoskeleton remodelling. ABA, ABA glucose ester, ABA and hormone signalling‐related gene expression, and the expression of genes in several transcription factor families differentiated the effects of GLRaVs in berries from Cabernet Franc grapevines grafted to different rootstocks. These results support that ABA participates in the shared responses to GLRaV infection and differentiates the responses observed in grapevines grafted to different rootstocks.
An evaluation of instruments measuring behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship
Authors: Feo Rebecca , Kumaran Sheela , Conroy Tiffany , Heuzenroeder Louise , Kitson Alison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Fundamentals of Care Framework is an evidence‐based, theory‐informed framework that conceptualises high‐quality fundamental care. The Framework places the nurse–patient relationship at the centre of care provision and outlines the nurse behaviours required for relationship development. Numerous instruments exist to measure behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship; however, the literature offers little guidance on which instruments are psychometrically sound and best measure the core relationship elements of the Fundamentals of Care Framework. This study evaluated the quality of nurse–patient relationship instruments by (1) assessing their content development and measurement properties (e.g. dimensionality, targeting, reliability, validity) and (2) mapping instrument content to the Framework's core relationship elements: trust, focus, anticipate, know, and evaluate. Twenty‐seven instruments were evaluated. Findings demonstrated that patients and nurses were rarely involved in item development. Most instruments exhibited poor measurement properties, with only one instrument having complete information on all quality indicators. Instrument content focused primarily on nurses getting to know patients and earning their trust, with only 54, 18, and 1 item(s), respectively, measuring ‘focus’, ‘anticipate’ and ‘evaluate’. Hence, there does not appear to be a robust instrument measuring behavioural aspects of nurse–patient relationships, nor one capturing the relationship elements of the Fundamentals of Care Framework.
Being heard – Supporting person‐centred communication in paediatric care using augmentative and alternative communication as universal design: A position paper
Authors: Thunberg Gunilla , Johnson Ensa , Bornman Juan , Öhlén Joakim , Nilsson Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerson‐centred care, with its central focus on the patient in partnership with healthcare practitioners, is considered to be the contemporary gold standard of care. This type of care implies effective communication from and by both the patient and the healthcare practitioner. This is often problematic in the case of the paediatric population, because of the many communicative challenges that may arise due to the child's developmental level, illness and distress, linguistic competency and disabilities. The principle of universal design put forth in conventions and legislation means that the design of products and services should be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible. Augmentative and alternative communication encompasses strategies, for example pictures and apps, that are typically used with people with communication disability. In this position paper, we argue for the universal use of augmentative and alternative communication to support person‐centred communication and care for children, regardless of age or potential disability. Clinical examples are shared from three different paediatric care settings where pictorial supports were applied universally. Interviews were conducted with children and adolescents (with and without disabilities), parents and healthcare practitioners, and the principles of universal design were used as a framework to demonstrate how person‐centred communication is supported in paediatric care.
Targeted CRISPR‐Cas9‐based gene knockouts in the model brown alga Ectocarpus
Authors: Badis Yacine , Scornet Delphine , Harada Minori , Caillard Céline , Godfroy Olivier , Raphalen Morgane , Gachon Claire M. M. , Coelho Susana M. , Motomura Taizo , Nagasato Chikako , Cock J. Mark 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Brown algae are an important group of multicellular eukaryotes, phylogenetically distinct from both the animal and land plant lineages. Ectocarpus has emerged as a model organism to study diverse aspects of brown algal biology, but this system currently lacks an effective reverse genetics methodology to analyse the functions of selected target genes.

Here, we report that mutations at specific target sites are generated following the introduction of CRISPR‐Cas9 ribonucleoproteins into Ectocarpus cells, using either biolistics or microinjection as the delivery method.

Individuals with mutations affecting the ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE (APT) gene were isolated following treatment with 2‐fluoroadenine, and this selection system was used to isolate individuals in which mutations had been introduced simultaneously at APT and at a second gene. This double mutation approach could potentially be used to isolate mutants affecting any Ectocarpus gene, providing an effective reverse genetics tool for this model organism.

The availability of this tool will significantly enhance the utility of Ectocarpus as a model organism for this ecologically and economically important group of marine organisms. Moreover, the methodology described here should be readily transferable to other brown algal species.
Plants and mycorrhizal symbionts acquire substantial soil nitrogen from gaseous ammonia transport
Authors: Hestrin Rachel , Weber Peter K. , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Lehmann Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that limits plant growth in many ecosystems. Here we investigate an overlooked component of the terrestrial N cycle – subsurface ammonia (NH3) gas transport and its contribution to plant and mycorrhizal N acquisition.

We used controlled mesocosms, soil incubations, stable isotopes, and imaging to investigate edaphic drivers of NH3 gas efflux, track lateral subsurface N transport originating from 15NH3 gas or 15N‐enriched organic matter, and assess plant and mycorrhizal N assimilation from this gaseous transport pathway.

NH3 is released from soil organic matter, travels belowground, and contributes to root and fungal N content. Abiotic soil properties (pH and texture) influence the quantity of NH3 available for subsurface transport. Mutualisms with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can substantially increase plant NH3‐N uptake. The grass Brachypodium distachyon acquired 6–9% of total plant N from organic matter‐N that traveled as a gas belowground. Colonization by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was associated with a two‐fold increase in total plant N acquisition from subsurface NH3 gas.

NH3 gas transport and uptake pathways may be fundamentally different from those of more commonly studied soil N species and warrant further research.
Meta‐ethnography of the purpose of meaningful occupation for people living with dementia
Authors: Strick Katherine , Abbott Rebecca , Thompson Coon Jo , Garside Ruth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidance on provision of care for people with dementia states that occupation people find meaningful is essential for well‐being; however, definitions of ‘meaningful occupation’ are often broad, with intrinsic meaning coming from within the person rather than the activity, leading to an inconsistent understanding of its purpose.ObjectivesThis study aimed to create a conceptual framework depicting the types of meaning that are seen as stemming from occupation.MethodSix electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, PubMed Central, PsycINFO, Embase, AMED, ASSIA) using a pre‐specified search strategy to identify qualitative studies relating to meaningful occupation for people living with dementia. From 114 eligible full‐text articles, six qualitative studies were identified as sufficiently rich, topically relevant and explicit in their definition of meaningful activity. A further 14 were purposefully sampled for their ability to refute or advance the emerging conceptual framework. The synthesis is based on meta‐ethnography and is reported following eMERGe guidance.ResultsWe found the fundamental purpose of occupation is to support the person living with dementia to feel they are living a meaningful and fulfilling life. Three overlapping concepts were identified: (i) catalytic environment, (ii) meaningful life and (iii) occupation as a tool.ConclusionThe framework proposes how occupation could support meaning in multiple ways and considers how these forms of meaning were influenced by the worldviews and values of the individual, and context in which they were experienced.Implications for practiceThe conceptual framework offers a consistent theoretical grounding with which to measure effectiveness of meaningful occupation for people living with dementia.
Gender inequality, corruption, and economic development
Authors: Forgues‐Puccio Gonzalo F. , Lauw Erven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the effect of bureaucratic corruption on economic development when women are discriminated against in the labor market. The analysis is based on a dynamic general equilibrium model in which capital accumulation drives economic development. The government appoints bureaucrats to administer public policy. Corruption arises due to the opportunity for bureaucrats to embezzle public funds. In the event of detection and dismissal, the private sector serves as the bureaucrats' outside option. Our main results can be summarized as follows: first, when the public sector is a more gender‐equal employer than the private sector, female bureaucrats are less corrupt than male; second, corruption and development are jointly determined allowing the possibility of a poverty trap; and third, a policy to increase female participation in the public sector potentially reduces corruption and fosters economic development.
Sustainable land urbanization, urban amenities, and population urbanization: Evidence from city‐level data in China
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Zheng Haoqing , Zhou Hongyong , Shao Qing , Wu Qun 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWith the emergence of rapid urbanization and the increase in per capita income, migration in China has been changing from economy‐driven to amenity‐driven. We seek to investigate the relation between land urbanization, urban amenities, and population urbanization by analyzing urban amenities in the analytical framework of land urbanization and population urbanization in China.MethodsUsing panel data of 277 cities in China from 2009 to 2018, we first employ the principal component analysis to calculate urban amenities and then conduct panel threshold model regressions.ResultsLand urbanization has a positive effect on urban amenities at the individual city level, while urban amenities have a negative effect on population urbanization in both large and small–medium cities. Reforming the household registration system has effectively improved the accessibility of urban amenities for high‐skilled labors in large cities. Thus, amenities in large cities have a positive effect on the urbanization of high‐skilled labors. In contrast, amenities in small–medium cities have a threshold effect on population urbanization.ConclusionAmenities in large and small–medium cities, which are located in the same urban agglomerations, could be coordinated and improved, thus achieving a long‐term sustainable and coordinated development of land and population urbanization.