bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quinoline‐based thiazolidinone derivatives as potent cytotoxic and apoptosis‐inducing agents through EGFR inhibition
Authors: Nafie Mohamed S. , Kishk Safaa M. , Mahgoub Sebaey , Amer Atef M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuinoline‐based thiazolidinone heterocycles exhibited potent activity in the field of cancer therapy. Hence, ten quinoline‐based thiazolidinone derivatives were evaluated for their anticancer activity through cytotoxic activity, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition pathway, apoptosis investigation through flow cytometric analyses, RT‐PCR gene expression, in vivo solid‐Ehrlich carcinoma model, and finally in silico approach for highlighting the interaction pose. Results revealed that compound 7 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT‐116 cells with an IC50 value of 7.43 µM compared to 5‐FU (IC50 = 11.36 µM) with moderate cytotoxic activity against the FHC (IC50 = 35.27 µM), and it exhibited remarkable inhibition activity of EGFR with IC50 value of 96.43 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 78.65 nM). Moreover, it significantly stimulated apoptotic colon cancer cell death with 171.58‐fold arresting cell cycle at G2 and S‐phases. Additionally, it ameliorated both biochemical and histochemical structures near normal with tumor inhibition ratio of 52.92% compared to 5‐FU of 57.16%, with immunohistochemical examinations of EGFR inhibition in the treated group compared to control. Finally, molecular docking study highlighted its good binding affinity through good interactive binding pose inside the EGFR protein. In conclusion, the potent EGFR inhibitory activity of compound 7 was investigated using three integrated approaches in vitro, in vivo, and in silico, so it worth be validated and developed as a chemotherapeutic anticancer agent.
Youth participation: Adultism, human rights and professional youth work
Authors: Corney Tim , Cooper Trudi , Shier Harry , Williamson Howard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the right of young people to participate in decisions being made about them forms the basis for professional youth work practice. The authors consider the nature of ‘participation’ and its relation to human rights, and introduces the concept of ‘adultism’ and the challenges for youth workers combatting ‘adultist’ beliefs and practices in the work of participation. The paper considers the benefits and limitations of youth participation models, and addresses the relationship between rights‐based participation practice, and critical pedagogy (dialogical) in youth work.
Two Approaches to Measuring Social Impact in Utah Museums
Authors: Ross Nelson Kari , Ortiz Jennifer , Ashton Stephen , Johnson Emily 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith strong competition for funding, museums need to be able to clearly and concretely demonstrate their impact. In this paper we present two case studies to document the social impact of museums in Utah. In 2015, Thanksgiving Point, a multi‐museum complex, recruited families who had never visited to attend each museum then to take a comprehensive survey measuring indicators of social impact. Positive findings from the Thanksgiving Point study encouraged the Utah Division of Arts and Museums to expand on the model to include eight museums, representative of museums state‐wide, and attempt to measure social impact for the museums collectively as well as individually. Both studies showed that those who visit museums have experiences that lead to strengthened relationships, a greater sense of personal health and wellbeing, and higher educational engagement; and the state study revealed that museum visitors also developed greater interculture competency. Findings from both studies have been used to evaluatively reflect on internal practices and to garner support for external funding. This article begins with a discussion of dialog in the field around measuring the impact of museums, then describes the processes and lessons learned from these studies.
Transthoracic ultrasound; seeking the heart in a patient with a large left‐sided cirrhotic hydrothorax
Authors: Dimitroglou Yannis , Patsourakos Dimitrios , Kalompatsou Argyro , Tsioufis Constantinos , Aggeli Constantina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA case of a patient with liver cirrhosis and a large left‐sided pleural effusion displacing the heart rightward is presented and the best views to acquire images enabling evaluation of the cardiac function are highlighted. Understanding the modified intrathoracic anatomy in patients with pleural effusions enables quick and focused assessment and can shorten evaluation time while preserving high image quality.
Increased mortality following Guillain–Barré syndrome: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Levison Lotte Sahin , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Andersen Henning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) may be fatal in the acute phase but also affect long‐term prognosis due to irreversible sequelae and secondary medical complications. We determined the short‐term, intermediate, and long‐term mortality of GBS compared to the general population.MethodsIndividual‐level data from nationwide registries were linked in this matched cohort study of all first‐time hospital‐diagnosed GBS patients in Denmark between 1987 and 2016 and 10 individuals from the general population, matched on age, sex, and index date. We used Cox regression analysis to calculate matched mortality hazard ratios (HRs) following GBS, assessing short‐term (0–6 months), intermediate (>6 months–4 years), and long‐term (>4 years) mortality.ResultsWe identified 2414 patients with GBS and 23,909 matched individuals from the general population. Short‐term mortality was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0–5.8) and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.7–0.9) for GBS patients and general population members, respectively, resulting in an HR of 6.6 (95% CI = 4.0–5.8). Intermediate mortality was 7.6% (95% CI = 6.5–8.9), compared with 5.8% (95% CI = 5.5–6.1) for general population members, corresponding to an HR of 1.5 (95% CI = 1.3–1.8). After the first 4 years, long‐term mortality showed similar results for GBS patients and general population members (HR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.2).ConclusionsDuring the first 6 months after GBS hospital admission, GBS was associated with a 6.6‐fold increased mortality as compared with the background population of the same age. Mortality remained increased for approximately 4 years following GBS, and then leveled off to a similar long‐term mortality rate.
Abnormal functional connectivity profiles predict drug responsiveness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Wang Kangrun , Xie Fangfang , Liu Chaorong , Tan Langzi , He Jialinzi , Hu Ping , Zhang Min , Wang Ge , Chen Fenghua , Xiao Bo , Liao Weihua , Long Lili 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis work was undertaken to study the functional connectivity differences between non‐seizure‐free and seizure‐free patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to identify imaging predictors for drug responsiveness in TLE.MethodsIn this prospective study, 52 patients with TLE who presented undetermined antiseizure medication responsiveness and 55 demographically matched healthy controls were sequentially recruited from Xiangya Hospital. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during a Chinese version of the verbal fluency task. The patients were followed up until the outcome could be classified. The subject groups were compared in terms of activation profile, task‐residual functional connectivity (trFC), and generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Moreover, we extracted imaging characteristics for logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic evaluation.ResultsWith a mean follow‐up of 1.1 years, we identified 27 non‐seizure‐free patients and 19 seizure‐free patients in the final analyses. The Chinese character verbal fluency task successfully activated the language network and cognitive control network (CCN) and deactivated the default mode network (DMN). In the non‐seizure‐freedom group, the trFC between the hippocampus and bilateral brain networks was attenuated (p < .05, familywise error corrected). For the gPPI analysis, group differences were mainly located in the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule (p < .001, uncorrected; k ≥ 10). The regression model presented high accuracy when predicting non‐seizure‐free patients (area under the curve = .879, 95% confidence interval = .761–.998).SignificanceIn patients with TLE who would not achieve seizure freedom with current antiseizure medications, the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and central nodes of the DMN, CCN, and language network was disrupted, leading to language decline. Independent of hippocampal sclerosis, abnormalities, especially the effective connectivity from the hippocampus to the DMN, were predictive biomarkers of drug responsiveness in patients with TLE.
A global overview of studies about land management, land‐use change, and climate change effects on soil organic carbon
Authors: Beillouin Damien , Cardinael Rémi , Berre David , Boyer Annie , Corbeels Marc , Fallot Abigail , Feder Frédéric , Demenois Julien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMajor drivers of gains or losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) include land management, land‐use change, and climate change. Thousands of original studies have focused on these drivers of SOC change and are now compiled in a growing number of meta‐analyses. To critically assess the research efforts in this domain, we retrieved and characterized 192 meta‐analyses of SOC stocks or concentrations. These meta‐analyses comprise more than 13,200 original studies conducted from 1910 to 2020 in 150 countries. First, we show that, despite a growing number of studies over time, the geographical coverage of studies is limited. For example, the effect of land management, land‐use change, and climate change on SOC has been only occasionally studied in North and Central Africa, and in the Middle East and Central Asia. Second, the meta‐analyses investigated a limited number of land management practices, mostly mineral fertilization, organic amendments, and tillage. Third, the meta‐analyses demonstrated relatively low quality and transparency. Lastly, we discuss the mismatch between the increasing number of studies and the need for more local, reusable, and diversified knowledge on how to preserve high SOC stocks or restore depleted SOC stocks.
Site index as a predictor of the effect of climate warming on boreal tree growth
Authors: Pau Mathilde , Gauthier Sylvie , Chavardès Raphaël D. , Girardin Martin P. , Marchand William , Bergeron Yves 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe boreal forest represents the terrestrial biome most heavily affected by climate change. However, no consensus exists regarding the impacts of these changes on the growth of tree species therein. Moreover, assessments of young tree responses in metrics transposable to forest management remain scarce. Here, we assessed the impacts of climate change on black spruce (Picea mariana [Miller] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) growth, two dominant tree species in boreal forests of North America. Starting with a retrospective analysis including data from 2591 black spruces and 890 jack pines, we forecasted trends in 30‐year height growth at the transitions from closed to open boreal coniferous forests in Québec, Canada. We considered three variables: (1) height growth, rarely used, but better‐reflecting site potential than other growth proxies, (2) climate normals corresponding to the growth period of each stem, and (3) site type (as a function of texture, stoniness, and drainage), which can modify the effects of climate on tree growth. We found a positive effect of vapor pressure deficit on the growth of both species, although the effect on black spruce leveled off. For black spruce, temperatures had a positive effect on the height at 30 years, which was attenuated when and where climatic conditions became drier. Conversely, drought had a positive effect on height under cold conditions and a negative effect under warm conditions. Spruce growth was also better on mesic than on rocky and sub‐hydric sites. For portions of the study areas with projected future climate within the calibration range, median height‐change varied from 10 to 31% for black spruce and from 5 to 31% for jack pine, depending on the period and climate scenario. As projected increases are relatively small, they may not be sufficient to compensate for potential increases in future disturbances like forest fires.
Surface chlorophyll concentration as a mesoplankton biomass assessment tool in the Southern Ocean region
Authors: Vereshchaka Alexander L. , Lunina Anastasiia A. , Mikaelyan Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimMesoplankton of the Southern Ocean is the key trophic link between phytoplankton and other consumers and an important part of the biological carbon pump, a critical component of climate regulation. Although general patterns of mesoplankton distribution and life cycles are known, we still cannot estimate mesoplankton standing stocks at specified ocean‐basin scales.LocationSouthern Ocean, 34.4−56.9°S, 0–14.4°E.Time periodDecember 2009.Major taxa studiedAll mesoplankton 0.2–20.0 mm.MethodsWe assessed biomass of dominant taxa and total wet mesoplankton biomass (B, mg/m3) using surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass and surface temperature (ST), a basic hydrological parameter. We sampled three strata within the layer 0–300 m at 43 stations with a Judey net (0.1 m2, 180 µm).ResultsWe identified 163 taxa and calculated their biomass, biomass of major trophic groups, and total mesoplankton biomass. Monthly Chl and ST derived from satellite imaging were averaged at various temporal and spatial scales. B in the upper layer and in the integrated layer 0–300 m was significantly linked to antecedent Chl signals; the most significant regressions were found between B and monthly Chl and ST averaged two months prior to the survey and 10° upstream of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Larger mesoplankton fractions showed longer response periods to Chl signal than smaller fractions.Main conclusionsOur results suggest the integral mesoplankton stock is 2.47–3.69 Gt wet weight wtot (ww), or 0.12–0.18 Gt C, in the whole Southern Ocean. Mesoplankton was dominated by omnivores (69%–74%) followed by carnivores (25%) and herbivores (20%), which suggests the leading role of omnivory in the Southern Ocean pelagic during the austral summer. We anticipate that these results will help to provide a deeper insight into the Southern Ocean ecosystems and will benefit models predicting changes in the carbon–climate Earth system.
The use of electric potential drop techniques to detect delamination in a melt‐infiltrated SiC‐based composite
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Singh Yogesh P. , Morscher Gregory N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor composite systems where the matrix is electrically conductive, the possibility that the nature of electrical current flow in the composite can be used to detect defects such as out‐of‐plane delamination. Melt‐infiltrated SiC‐based composites are an ideal candidate material for such to verify this since the Si content of the matrix is the primary current carrier in the system. Two different potential drop techniques utilizing the four‐point probe method were developed on a composite panel that had a large preexisting delamination defect that occurred during processing. The first technique incorporated current leads to supply current in a through‐thickness manner and determine the nature of current spreading (voltage drop) some distance away from the current source to assess the location of the delamination. The other technique incorporated current leads in a more conventional manner to produce axial current flow and assessed the nature of current flow in between the current leads on both surfaces of the composite. In this way, in the presence of a delamination, current flow was forced to primarily flow on the side of the current leads. Both techniques were quite effective at locating the preexisting delamination in a panel of 2D woven Tyranno ZMI slurry‐derived melt‐infiltrated SiC composite.
Formal and informal learning as deterrents of turnover intentions: Evidence from frontline workers during a crisis
Authors: Randall Jason G. , Brooks Ricardo R. , Heck Martin J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmployee learning and development is critical to organizational success, particularly during times of crisis when increased volatility and demand necessitate adaptability and skill. We draw on theories of workplace learning and social exchange to investigate the unique influence of formal training, informal learning, and organizational support for training on the turnover intentions of frontline workers battling COVID‐19. Survey data were gathered from a sample of Direct Support Professionals (N = 481) in New York state who continued their work supporting individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities during the global coronavirus pandemic. The results support our predictions that employee engagement in formal training and, to a lesser extent, informal learning, as well as individuals’ perceptions of organizational support for training, explain unique variance in turnover intentions. Alternative predictors, including tenure and region, explained some unique variance in turnover intentions, but neither age nor learning goal orientation demonstrated meaningful effects. Relative weights analysis revealed that the strongest negative predictors of turnover intentions were organizational support for training and engagement in formal training. Altogether these findings identify possible methods of deterring turnover intentions, by highlighting the key role that organizations play in supporting continuous learning amongst their employees, even in times of crisis. Implications of this study are discussed for research and practice on workforce learning and development for frontline workers and others, more generally.
COBRA: COde Blue Retrospective Audit in a metropolitan hospital
Authors: Paul Robert A. , Beaman Craig , West David A. , Duke Graeme J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundInhospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is an uncommon but challenging problem.AimsTo investigate the management and outcomes of IHCA, and to investigate the effect of introducing a medical emergency team (MET) on IHCA prevalence.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of 176 adult IHCA episodes at Box Hill Hospital, a university‐affiliated public hospital in metropolitan Melbourne, from July 2012 to June 2017. Inpatients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation for IHCA, in inpatient wards, intensive care unit, cardiac catheterisation laboratory and operating theatres were included. Data collected included demographics, resuscitation management and outcomes. Average treatment effect (ATE) was derived from margins estimates and linear regression fitted to hospital outcome, adjusted for IHCA factors. An exponentially weighed moving average control chart was used to explore IHCA prevalence over time.ResultsThere were 65.3% of IHCA patients who died in hospital. IHCA prevalence was unchanged after the introduction of a dedicated MET service. Factors associated with higher likelihood of survival to discharge were initial cardiac of rhythm ventricular tachycardia (VT) (ATE 0.10 (95% CI = −0.03 to 0.25)) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) (ATE 0.28 (95% CI = 0.11–0.46)), cardiac monitoring at the time of arrest (ATE 0.06 (95%CI = −0.04 to 0.16)) and time to return of spontaneous circulation (ATE 0.023 (95% CI = 0.015–0.031)).ConclusionsIHCA is uncommon and is associated with high mortality. IHCA prevalence was unchanged after the introduction of a dedicated MET service. Factors associated with improved survival to hospital discharge were initial rhythm VT or VF, cardiac monitoring and shorter resuscitation times.
Non‐beneficial resuscitation during inhospital cardiac arrests in a metropolitan teaching hospital
Authors: Crosbie David , Ghosh Angaj , Van Ekeren Narkitaa , Dowling Monica , Hayes Barbara , Cross Anthony , Jones Daryl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing recognition that a proportion of hospitalised patients receive non‐beneficial resuscitation, with the potential to cause harm.AimTo describe the prevalence of non‐beneficial resuscitation attempts in hospitalised patients and identify interventions that could be used to reduce these events.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all adult inhospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a teaching hospital over 9 years. Demographics and arrest characteristics were obtained from a prospectively collected database. Non‐beneficial CPR was defined as CPR being administered to patients who had a current not‐for‐resuscitation (NFR) order in place or who had a NFR order enacted on a previous hospital admission. Further antecedent factors and resuscitation characteristics were collected for these patients.ResultsThere were 257 IHCA, of which 115 (44.7%) occurred on general wards, with 19.8% of all patients surviving to discharge home. There were 39 (15.2%) instances of non‐beneficial CPR, of which 28 (72%) of 39 occurred in unmonitored patients on the ward comprising nearly one‐quarter (28/115) of all arrests in this patient group. A specialist had reviewed 30 (76.9%) of 39 of these patients, and 33.3% (13/39) had a medical emergency team (MET) review prior to their arrest.ConclusionsOver one in seven resuscitation attempts were non‐beneficial. MET reviews and specialist ward rounds provide opportunities to improve the documentation and visibility of NFR status.