bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and safety of fine positioning needle-mediated breathing control in CT-guided percutaneous puncture of small lung/liver nodules adjacent to diaphragm
Authors: Wu Qingde , Cao Bihui , Zheng Yujin , Liang Baoxia , Liu Manting , Wang Lu , Zhang Jinling , Meng Liyan , Luo Shaoyong , He Xuxia , Zhang Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo assess the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of a separate inserted positioning fine needle-mediated breathing-control technique applied to computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous puncture for biopsy or microwave ablation (MWA) of small lung/liver nodules near diaphragm. Total 46 patients with pulmonary/liver small nodules (≤ 3 cm in size) near diaphragm(nodule within 1 cm distance to the diaphragm)were undergone percutaneous biopsy ( n = 15) or MWA (n = 31) under the guidance of CT, and a separate positioning fine needle-mediated breathing-control technique was applied for the precise punctures. CT plain scan was performed to monitor the complications after the procedure. The patient baseline data, operation details, successful rate, major complications as well as radiation dose during the procedure were recorded and analyzed. With the assistance of a fine positioning needle insertion for controlling the breathing, the puncture success rate for biopsy or MWA reached 91.30% (42/46). For biopsy, the mean nodule diameter, nodule distance to the diaphragm, puncture time and radiation dose during CT scan were 2.27 cm ± 0.74, 0.61 cm ± 0.24, 18.67 min ± 6.23, 28.84 mSv ± 6.99, respectively; For MWA, the mean nodule diameter, nodule distance to the diaphragm, puncture time and CT radiation dose were 2.35 cm ± 0.64, 0.69 cm ± 0.23, 38.71 min ± 13.65, 33.02 mSv ± 8.77, respectively. Totally, there were three and four cases found minimal puncture-related hemoptysis and pneumothorax needed no additional treatments, respectively. We recently developed and verified a feasible, safe and highly effective puncture technique with reasonable radiation dose for CT-guided biopsy or MWA for small nodules abutting diaphragm, therefore worthy of extensive application to similar clinical situations.
Urea-functionalized amorphous calcium phosphate nanofertilizers: optimizing the synthetic strategy towards environmental sustainability and manufacturing costs
Authors: Carmona Francisco J. , Dal Sasso Gregorio , Ramírez-Rodríguez Gloria B. , Pii Youry , Delgado-López José Manuel , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanosized fertilizers are the new frontier of nanotechnology towards a sustainable agriculture. Here, an efficient N-nanofertilizer is obtained by post-synthetic modification (PSM) of nitrate-doped amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles (NPs) with urea. The unwasteful PSM protocol leads to N-payloads as large as 8.1 w/w%, is well replicated by using inexpensive technical-grade reagents for cost-effective up-scaling and moderately favours urea release slowdown. Using the PSM approach, the N amount is ca. 3 times larger than that obtained in an equivalent one-pot synthesis where urea and nitrate are jointly added during the NPs preparation. In vivo tests on cucumber plants in hydroponic conditions show that N-doped ACP NPs, with half absolute N-content than in conventional urea treatment, promote the formation of an equivalent amount of root and shoot biomass, without nitrogen depletion. The high nitrogen use efficiency (up to 69%) and a cost-effective preparation method support the sustainable real usage of N-doped ACP as a nanofertilizer.
Frequency and visual outcomes of ocular toxoplasmosis in an adult Brazilian population
Authors: De Angelis Rafael Estevão , Veronese Rodrigues Maria de Lourdes , Passos Afonso Dinis Costa , Bollela Valdes Roberto , Freitas e Silva Milena Simões , Vieira Bárbara Regina , de Lucena Moisés Moura , Moralles Thais David , de Morais Vicente Luciana , de Melo Rocha Gutemberg , Jorge Rodrigo , Paula Jayter S. , Furtado João M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough ocular toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of posterior uveitis worldwide, there is scarce information about the real-life frequency of ocular lesions, visual outcomes, and risk factors for poor prognosis. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with 721 adults living in Cássia dos Coqueiros, Southeast Brazil, consisted of visual acuity measurement, dilated ocular examination, a risk-factor questionnaire, and peripheral blood collection for anti-T. gondii serology. Presumed toxoplasmic lesions were recorded on video and analyzed by experienced and masked ophthalmologists. Ocular toxoplasmosis was determined if at least one suspected lesion was appointed by two graders in the presence of positive anti-T. gondii serology. Forty-eight eyes (n = 42 participants; 6.7% among those with positive anti-T. gondii serology) with ocular toxoplasmosis were found. Most lesions were single (n = 28; 58.3%), peripheral (n = 34; 77.1%) and unilateral (85.7% of participants); no active lesions were found. Older age was associated with lesions larger than one-disc diameter (p = 0.047), and lower social stratum (OR: 2.89; CI 1.2–6.97; p = 0.018) was associated with the presence of toxoplasmic lesions. Although there were no differences in visual acuity between participants and eyes with or without ocular lesions (p > 0.05), unilateral blindness associated with ocular toxoplasmosis was identified in a reduced number of individuals.
The incidence of severe urinary tract infection increases after hip fracture in the elderly: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lin Yi-Ching , Hsu Ya-Chu , Wu Wen-Tien , Lee Ru-Ping , Wang Jen-Hung , Chen Hao-Wen , Chen Ing-Ho , Yu Tzai-Chiu , Peng Cheng-Huan , Liu Kuan-Lin , Hsu Chung-Yi , Yeh Kuang-Ting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common perioperative complication among elderly patients with hip fracture, its incidence and effects are often underestimated. This study investigated the effects of severe UTI (S-UTI) on elderly patients with hip fracture and the risk factors for this condition. In this retrospective nationwide cohort study, we searched Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2012 for data on patients aged ≥ 50 years with hip fracture who underwent open reduction and internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for comparison with healthy controls (i.e. individuals without hip fracture). The study and comparison cohorts were matched for age, sex, and index year at a 1:4 ratio. The incidence and hazard ratios of age, sex, and multiple comorbidities associated with S-UTI were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Among the 5774 and 23,096 patients in the study and comparison cohorts, the overall incidence of S-UTI per 100 person-years was 8.5 and 5.3, respectively. The risk of S-UTI was cumulative over time and higher in the study cohort than in the comparison cohort, particularly in those who were older, were female, or had comorbidities of cerebrovascular accident or chronic renal failure.
Usefulness of 3D-surgical guides in breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Lee Han Shin , Kim Hee Jeong , Chung Il Yong , Kim Jisun , Lee Sae Byul , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei Hyun , Kim Hak Hee , Seo Joon Beom , Ahn Jin Hee , Gong Gyungyub , Lee Sangwook , Kim Namkug , Ko Beom Seok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe used 3D printed-breast surgical guides (3DP-BSG) to designate the original tumor area from the pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST). Targeting the original tumor area in such patients using conventional localization techniques is difficult. For precise BCS, a method that marks the tumor area found on MRI directly to the breast is needed. In this prospective study, patients were enrolled for BCS after receiving NST. Partial resection was performed using a prone/supine MRI-based 3DP-BSG. Frozen biopsies were analyzed to confirm clear tumor margins. The tumor characteristics, pathologic results, resection margins, and the distance between the tumor and margin were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled with 3DP-BSG for BCS. The median nearest distance between the tumor and the resection margin was 3.9 cm (range 1.2–7.8 cm). Frozen sections showed positive margins in 4/39 (10.3%) patients. Three had invasive cancers, and one had carcinoma in situ; all underwent additional resection. Final pathology revealed clear margins. After 3-year surveillance, 3/39 patients had recurrent breast cancer. With 3DP-BSG for BCS in breast cancer patients receiving NST, the original tumor area can be identified and marked directly on the breast, which is useful for surgery. Trial Registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) Identifier Number: KCT0002272. First registration number and date: No. 1 (27/04/2016).
Rate coefficients for H2:H2
inelastic collisions in the ground vibrational state from 10 to 1000 K
Authors: Hernández M. I. , Tejeda G. , Fernández J. M. , Montero S. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. In this work, we present a pruned set of state-to-state rate coefficients (STS rates) for inelastic H2:H2 collisions in the thermal range from 10 to 1000 K. The set includes all relevant rates needed for diagnostics based on the simulation of quadrupole infrared spectra of H2.
Methods. The reported set was obtained from a quantum scattering close-coupling calculation employing a recent version of the MOLSCAT code, a high-level potential energy surface, and rotational energies of the H2 molecules with spectroscopic accuracy. These improvements have led to a significant increase in the accuracy with respect to previous computational results. The accuracy of the present STS rates is tested against recently reported experimental rates. Most dominant rates agree with the experiment within a 2σ uncertainty (2 to 6%).
Results. In addition to the tables given in the main text, three machine-readable tables are available at the CDS. These tables include all the relevant numerical results of the paper, namely, the excitation and de-excitation STS rates for H2:H2 inelastic collisions at selected temperatures between 10 and 1000 K, and their functional description for interpolation at any intermediate temperature.
Wie wird man Uniklinikum? Neue Wege des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland
Authors: Welzel J. , Breuer G. , Geilen C. C. , Raap U. , Schley G. , Schultz E. , Schwarz S. , Stadler R. , Thieme D. , Zouboulis C. C. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Nachfrage nach Studienplätzen der Humanmedizin übersteigt seit vielen Jahren deutlich das Angebot der staatlichen Medizinfakultäten in Deutschland. Durch den zunehmenden Ärztemangel steigt auf der anderen Seite der Bedarf an ausgebildeten Medizinerinnen und Medizinern. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Möglichkeiten neu eröffnet, in Deutschland Humanmedizin zu studieren. Neben Neugründungen von Fakultäten sind insbesondere Kooperationen von Kliniken mit europäischen Universitäten und Privatuniversitäten zu nennen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Optionen und Rahmenbedingungen.
Risikostratifizierung für Therapieentscheidungen bei Rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Regierer Anne , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungUm für die Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis unter der Vielzahl an zugelassenen krankheitsmodifizierenden Antirheumatika die geeignete Therapie auszuwählen, werden Patienten anhand ihres Risikos für einen ungünstigen Krankheitsverlauf stratifiziert. Die Auswahl geeigneter Parameter zur Risikostratifizierung werden in dieser Übersichtsarbeit dargestellt. Beim heutigen Therapieziel einer Remission sind hohe Krankheitsaktivität, Funktionseinschränkungen, Begleiterkrankungen und Übergewicht relevante Faktoren für einen ungünstigen Verlauf. Weitere Einflussfaktoren auf die Therapieentscheidung wie Begleiterkrankungen, Infektionsrisiko und spezielle Risikokonstellationen wie vorausgegangene schwerwiegende Infektionen oder Malignome werden in diesem Artikel diskutiert.
Netzimplantation bei der Chirurgie der Hiatushernie und beim Reflux – Pro
Authors: Nickel Felix , Cizmic Amila , Müller-Stich Beat P. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Netzaugmentation wird bei der chirurgischen Versorgung der Hiatushernien trotz zahlreicher Vorteile immer noch kontrovers diskutiert. Das Ziel der optimalen chirurgischen Versorgung der symptomatischen Hiatushernien ist es, die fehlerhafte Lage des Magens und anderer nach thorakal verlagerter Organe dauerhaft zu korrigieren und die Notwendigkeit einer riskanteren Reoperation zu verringern. Um zu beurteilen, ob beim Hiatushernienrepair eine Netzaugmentation durchgeführt werden soll, bedarf es einer gründlichen Abwägung des Nutzens im Sinne der Vermeidung von symptomatischen Rezidiven und Reoperationen im Verhältnis zum Risiko netzassoziierter Komplikationen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird eine detaillierte Evaluation der aktuell verfügbaren Evidenz für das Thema Netzaugmentation dargestellt. Die Schlussfolgerung der Übersichtsarbeit ist, dass die Netzaugmentation bei großen Hiatushernien (> 5 cm) und/oder bei paraösophagealer Beteiligung routinehaft eingesetzt
werden sollte. Dadurch werden die Rezidivraten sowie der Bedarf an komplexen Reoperationen mit hohem Komplikationsrisiko verringert. Netzassoziierte Komplikationen sind selten und bei adäquater Implantationstechnik und geeigneten Netzmaterialien weitgehend vermeidbar. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Evidenzlage sollte es in Zukunft mehr validierte Register- und randomisiert kontrollierte Studien geben.
Ergebnisse der Einführung eines Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programms im stationären Bereich am Beispiel der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie des Kindes- und Jugendalters
Authors: Haase R. , Baier J. , Cristofolini M. , Scheller K. , Moritz S. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ambulant erworbene („pediatric community-acquired“) Pneumonien des Kindesalters (pCAP) führen häufig zur Anwendung von Antibiotika und Einweisung ins Krankenhaus. Allerdings werden vorhandene Leitlinien in Diagnostik und Therapie nicht immer konsequent durchgesetzt. Die im letzten Jahrzehnt in vielen Krankenhäusern eingeführten Antibiotic-Stewardship-Programme können das Management der pCAP ohne Qualitätsverlust verbessern.
Fragestellung Die vorliegende Analyse untersucht, inwiefern die Implementierung eines Antibiotic-Stewardship (ABS)-Programms konkret die Leitlinien-Adhärenz bei gleichbleibender therapeutischer Sicherheit verbesserte.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Patientenakten-basierte Analyse des Managements der pCAP bei Kindern im Alter von 90 Tagen bis zum vollendeten 18. Lebensjahr von Januar 2017 bis März 2020 in einer Universitätskinderklinik vor und nach Umsetzung eines ABS-Maßnahmenbündels, bestehend aus Standarderstellung, fortlaufender Schulung und kontinuierlichem ABS-Support.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 230 Patienten in die Analyse eingeschlossen (145 vor und 85 nach Intervention). Der Anteil nicht indizierter Antibiotikabehandlungen sank von 26 % auf 10 % (p < 0,05) und der nicht rationalen Antibiotikaanwendungen von 64 % auf 27 % (p < 0,05) bei gleichbleibendem Gesamtanteil von mit Antibiotika stationär behandelten Kindern. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Rückgang von Dosierungsfehlern von 17 % auf 10 % (p < 0,05) und der mittleren antibiotischen Behandlungsdauer von 10 auf 7 Tage (p < 0,05) gesehen. Die Verweildauer im Krankenhaus unterschied sich zwischen beiden Gruppen nur unwesentlich. Ein Anstieg von Therapieversagen oder Wiederaufnahmen aufgrund respiratorischer Infektionen wurde nicht beobachtet.
Schlussfolgerung In Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur konnten wir zeigen, dass ABS-Programme ein geeignetes und sicheres Mittel zur Verbesserung der stationären Therapie der pCAP darstellen. Sie verbessern die Umsetzung klinischer Leitlinien und führen zu einem rationaleren Antibiotikaeinsatz ohne Verschlechterung der Behandlungsergebnisse. Langfristige Effekte derartiger Programme sollten in multizentrischen Untersuchungen analysiert werden.
Management of Intussusceptions Secondary to Pathological Lead Points in Infants and Children
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
This study was undertaken to investigate and review the age, sex, clinical presentation, surgical procedures done, major postoperative complications, and the final outcome of infants and children operated for intussusceptions secondary to pathological lead points (PLPs).

Materials and Methods
This is a single-institution, retrospective study and included infants and children below the age of 12 years who were operated for the secondary intussusceptions. This study was conducted at author's Department of Paediatric Surgery during the last 20 years; from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019.

Results
During the study period, 200 infants and children were operated for the intussusceptions, and 23 (11.5%) of them were operated for the intussusceptions secondary to PLPs. This review comprised 18 (78.26%) boys and 5 (21.73%) girls, and consisted of infants (n = 9, 39.13%) and children of 1 to 5 years of age (n = 7, 30.43%) and 6 to 12 years of age (n = 7, 30.43%). The age at presentation ranged from 3 months to 10 years, with the mean age of 41.47 ± 40.06 months. Clinically, all the children presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction. Ultrasonography (USG) examination of the abdomen revealed the diagnosis of intussusception in all of them but not able to document the PLPs as a cause for it. During the exploratory laparotomies, gangrenous bowel was detected in 15 (65.21%) cases. PLPs causing intussusceptions were Meckel's diverticulum (n = 17, 73.91%), begin ileal growth (n = 4, 17.39%), benign ileal polyp (n = 1, 4.34%), and caecal lymphoma (n = 1, 4.34%). Surgical procedures were executed in the following order of frequency: (1) resection of segment of ileum including PLP, and ileoileal anastomosis (n = 13, 56.52%); (2) resection of segment of ileum including PLP, caecum and part of ascending colon, and ileoascending anastomosis (n = 5, 21.73%); (3) Meckel's diverticulectomy (n = 3, 13.04%); and (4) resection of segment of ileum including PLP and terminal ileostomy (n = 2, 8.69%). This study documented two (8.69%) deaths in postoperative period.

Conclusion
Meckel's' diverticulum was the commonest pathology for the secondary intussusceptions in infants and children and documented most frequently during infancy. Half of the secondary intussusceptions occurred within 24 months of age. Bowel resection was required in more than 85% of the cases during the surgical procedures.
Plasma Exchange in Refractory Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Associated with COVID-19: Technical Challenges in a Developing Country
Authors: Raut Sumantra Kumar , Sarkar Mihir , Khemka Arpita , Datta Kalpana , Nandi Mousumi , Biswas Durba , Sutar Dipankar , Banerjee Arundhati 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvaluation of acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) without diagnostic biomarkers results in diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric population. Immune-mediated ADS of childhood responds well to steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and in refractory cases with plasma exchange. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coinfection in such cases imposes technical challenges in management. An 11-year-old girl with quadriparesis and loss of vision and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showing acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and cerebrospinal fluid examination being noncontributory responded well with plasma exchange after failing steroid and IVIg is described. Coinfection with COVID-19 mandating personal protection in a temperate country imposed technical challenges in her management.
Evaluation of the Effect of Conventional Rhinoplasty with Autospreader Flap and Let-Down Technique on Nasal Functions
Authors: Taş Burak Mustafa , Erden Burak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet-down technique, in which high septal strip resection is performed, and conventional rhinoplasty using autospreader flaps were compared regarding nasal functions with Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) quality-of-life scale questionnaires. A total of 54 patients who were included in the study were divided into two groups: group 1 (autospreader group; n = 27) and group 2 (let-down group; n = 27). Open technical septorhinoplasty operation using an autospreader flap was performed in group 1. Let-down rhinoplasty was applied in group 2. NOSE and SNOT-22 scales were filled for the groups in the preoperative and postoperative periods and were compared. Postoperative values were found to be significantly lower than preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.001). When the groups were compared in between, no significant difference was seen according to the scales (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups regarding age and gender. Although there was no significant difference between the two techniques, both NOSE and SNOT-22 quality-of-life scales have shown improvement both in conventional rhinoplasty with autospreader flap and let-down technique.
Interface degradation and field screening mechanism behind bipolar-cycling fatigue in ferroelectric capacitors
Authors: Do M. T. , Gauquelin N. , Nguyen M. D. , Blom F. , Verbeeck J. , Koster G. , Houwman E. P. , Rijnders G. 
Published: February 2021

Polarization fatigue, i.e., the loss of polarization of ferroelectric capacitors upon field cycling, has been widely discussed as an interface related effect. However, mechanism(s) behind the development of fatigue have not been fully identified. Here, we study the fatigue mechanisms in Pt/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/SrRuO3 (Pt/PZT/SRO) capacitors in which all layers are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition without breaking the vacuum. With scanning transmission electron microscopy, we observed that in the fatigued capacitor, the Pt/PZT interface becomes structurally degraded, forming a 5 nm–10 nm thick non-ferroelectric layer of crystalline ZrO2 and diffused Pt grains. We then found that the fatigued capacitors can regain the full initial polarization switching if the externally applied field is increased to at least 10 times the switching field of the pristine capacitor. These findings suggest that polarization fatigue is driven by a two-step mechanism. First, the transient depolarization field that repeatedly appears during the domain switching under field cycling causes decomposition of the metal/ferroelectric interface, resulting in a non-ferroelectric degraded layer. Second, this interfacial non-ferroelectric layer screens the external applied field causing an increase in the coercive field beyond the usually applied maximum field and consequently suppresses the polarization switching in the cycled capacitor. Our work clearly confirms the key role of the electrode/ferroelectric interface in the endurance of ferroelectric-based devices.