bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food safety considerations and research priorities for the cultured meat and seafood industry
Authors: Ong Kimberly J. , Johnston Jeremiah , Datar Isha , Sewalt Vincent , Holmes Dwayne , Shatkin Jo Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCell‐cultured meat and seafood offer a sustainable opportunity to meet the world's increasing demand for protein in a climate‐changed world. A responsible, data‐driven approach to assess and demonstrate safety of cell‐cultured meat and seafood can support consumer acceptance and help fully realize the potential of these products. As an initial step toward a thorough demonstration of safety, this review identifies hazards that could be introduced during manufacturing, evaluates applicability of existing safety assessment approaches, and highlights research priorities that could support safe commercialization. Input was gathered from members of the cultured meat and seafood industry, researchers, regulators, and food safety experts. A series of workshops were held with 87 industry representatives and researchers to create a modular manufacturing process diagram, which served as a framework to identify potential chemical and biological hazards along the steps of the manufacturing process that could affect the safety of a final food product. Interviews and feedback on draft documents validated the process diagram and supported hazard identification and evaluation of applicable safety methods. Most hazards are not expected to be novel; therefore, safety assessment methods from a range of fields, such as conventional and novel foods, foods produced from biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and so forth, are likely to be applicable. However, additional assessment of novel inputs or products with significant differences from existing foods may be necessary. Further research on the safety of the inputs and associated residues, potential for contamination, and development of standardized safety assessment approaches (particularly animal‐free methods) is recommended.
Higher quality of care in emergency departments with physiotherapy service models
Authors: Strudwick Kirsten , Martin Romany , Coombes Fiona , Bell Anthony , Martin‐Khan Melinda , Russell Trevor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the quality of care provided by EDs with physiotherapy services compared to those without, using established musculoskeletal process and outcome quality indicators (QIs).MethodsAn analysis was undertaken of prospective observational and chart audit data collected from 628 patients who presented with a musculoskeletal injury in any of the eight participating EDs in Queensland in 2016–2017. The care provided was scored against 46 musculoskeletal QIs. Quality of care was first compared between EDs with physiotherapists to EDs with a limited physiotherapy service, and second between EDs with primary contact physiotherapists to EDs without. χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to identify significant results.ResultsIn the first comparison, EDs with physiotherapists performed significantly higher on 15 QIs and EDs with only limited physiotherapy performed higher on two QIs. In the second comparison, EDs with primary contact physiotherapists performed significantly higher on 17 QIs when compared to EDs without and three QIs demonstrated significance in favour of EDs without primary contact physiotherapists. Performance differences occurred across both process and outcome QIs, including musculoskeletal assessment, diagnostics, pain assessment and management, fracture management, medication safety, mobility, patient information, referrals and follow‐up, re‐presentations and patient experience.ConclusionsEDs with physiotherapists provide at least equivalent or higher quality of care for patients with musculoskeletal injuries than those EDs with limited access to physiotherapists. This may be because of their specialised training in musculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment, as well as the impact of teaching and mentoring for other ED clinicians.
An enquiry into the crippling gout affecting Pacific Islander and Māori men in Western Sydney
Authors: Coleman William , Spencer David , Wong Peter , Manolios Nicholas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimDespite the effectiveness and availability of urate‐lowering therapies (ULT), we continue to see a number of advanced cases of tophaceous gout in the Pacific Islander and Māori population in Western Sydney. Although the high prevalence and increased severity of gout in this cohort has been well documented, there has been little qualitative research undertaken in Australia into the lived experience of this group of people. It is this gap in the research that our study aimed to address.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the rheumatology clinics at Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals. Those eligible to participate were Pacific Islander and Māori patients with tophaceous gout currently living in the Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD). Data collection took the form of 10 semi‐structured interviews, which were subsequently transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis of the data was then performed.ResultsThematic analysis identified 6 key themes: lack of understanding of the disease and its potential effects; missed opportunities for intervention and disjointed care; chronic reliance upon corticosteroids; trivialization of gout as a nuisance illness; the substantial financial impact of chronic illness; and the all‐consuming nature of severe gout.ConclusionThe human cost of severe tophaceous gout in this cohort is immense. All 10 participants exemplified the disease's devastating social effects. We propose 4 key recommendations: improved education regarding diagnosis and management; immediate prescription of ULT at first presentation; a lower threshold for out‐of‐hospital rheumatologist referral; and improved follow‐up through a nurse‐ and pharmacist‐led collaborative gout management program.
Voluntary alcohol binge‐drinking in adolescent C57Bl6 mice induces delayed appearance of behavioural defects in both males and females
Authors: Van Hees Laura , Didone Vincent , Charlet‐Briart Manon , Van Ingelgom Théo , Alexandre Alysson , Quertemont Etienne , Nguyen Laurent , Laguesse Sophie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdolescence is a developmental period characterized by significant changes in brain architecture and behaviour. The immaturity of the adolescent brain is associated with heightened vulnerability to exogenous agents, including alcohol. Alcohol is the most consumed drug among teenagers, and binge‐drinking during adolescence is a major public health concern. Studies have suggested that adolescent alcohol exposure may interfere with the maturation of frontal brain regions and lead to long‐lasting behavioural consequences. In this study, by using a slightly modified version of the Drinking in the Dark paradigm, adolescent C57Bl6 mice reach high blood alcohol concentration after voluntary binge‐drinking. In order to assess short‐ and long‐term consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure (AAE), a battery of behavioural tests was performed during late adolescence and during adulthood. We showed that AAE had no short‐term effect on young mice behaviour but rather increased anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviours, as well as alcohol consumption during adulthood. Moreover, alcohol binge‐drinking during adolescence dramatically decreased recognition memory performances and behavioural flexibility in both adult males and females. Furthermore, we showed that voluntary consumption of alcohol during adolescence did not trigger any major activation of the innate immune system in the prefrontal cortex. Together, our data suggest that voluntary alcohol binge‐drinking in adolescent mice induces a delayed appearance of behavioural impairments in adulthood.
Advances and highlights in T and B cell responses to drug antigens
Authors: Fernandez‐Santamaria Ruben , Ariza Adriana , Fernandez Tahia D. , Cespedes José A , Labella Marina , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres María J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe immunological mechanisms involved in drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are complex, and despite important advances, multiple aspects remain poorly understood. These not fully known aspects are mainly related to the factors that drive towards either a tolerant or a hypersensitivity response and specifically regarding the role of B and T cells. In this review, we focus on recent findings on this knowledge area within the last 2 years. We highlight new evidences of covalent and non‐covalent interactions of drug antigen with proteins, as well as the very first characterization of naturally processed flucloxacillin‐haptenated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. Moreover, we have analysed new insights into the identification of risk factors associated with the development of DHRs, such as the role of oxidative metabolism of drugs in the activation of the immune system and the discovery of new associations between DHRs and HLA variants. Finally, evidence of IgG‐mediated anaphylaxis in humans and the involvement of specific subpopulations of effector cells associated with different clinical entities are also topics explored in this review. All these recent findings are relevant for the underlying pathology mechanisms and advance the field towards a more precise diagnosis, management and treatment approach for DHRs.
Making ideas a reality: optimising healthtech innovation in Australia
Authors: Sloan Ken 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Australia, there is a wealth of opportunity to accelerate innovation in healthtech. It is well known that Australia's healthcare system has the right ecosystem to support new ideas into reality. Surgeons together with academia play a significant role in democratising innovative solutions. However, we are learning it takes many actors and contributors to ensure the process is clearer into the future by addressing barriers, incentivising innovation and creating systemic frameworks.
Incidence of and mortality from Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) infections after BCG instillation therapy
Authors: Nurminen Pertti , Ettala Otto , Uusitalo‐Seppälä Raija , Nummi Antti , Järvinen Riikka , Antti Kaipia , Boström Peter J. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of and mortality associated with Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) infections in a Finnish population of patients with bladder cancer treated with BCG instillations.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a nationwide register study and identified patients with BCG infections in Finland during 1996 to 2016 using the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Register. We estimated the number of patients treated with BCG instillations based on data on national consumed BCG doses used to treat patients with bladder cancer, and calculated the annual incidence proportion of BCG infections. We further performed a detailed medical chart review to describe the clinical features and outcomes of the treated BCG infections.ResultsIn total, 87 patients with BCG infection after BCG treatment of bladder cancer were identified. The incidence proportion increased gradually, yielding a cumulative incidence proportion of 2.5% during the latter half of the study period. BCG infections led to significant mortality, with 10% overall mortality and 17.5% mortality from systemic infections, which is notably higher than previously reported.ConclusionThe incidence proportion of BCG infections among bladder cancer patients treated with BCG has increased in Finland up to 2.5% at a nationwide level, with a notably higher mortality rate than previously reported.
Characterisation of agonist signalling profiles and agonist‐dependent antagonism at PACAP‐responsive receptors: Implications for drug discovery
Authors: Tasma Zoe , Siow Andrew , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A. , Hay Debbie L. , Walker Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeThe pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP) family is of clinical interest for the treatment of migraine. These peptides activate three different PACAP‐responsive class B G protein‐coupled receptors: the PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. The PAC1 receptor may be alternatively spliced, generating variants that can differ in their pharmacological or signalling profiles. To inform drug discovery efforts targeting migraine, we need to better understand how the different PACAP‐responsive receptors signal and how effectively these responses can be blocked by antagonists.Experimental ApproachThe signalling profiles of the human PAC1n, PAC1s, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors were examined in transfected Cos7 cells for cAMP, IP1, pAkt, pERK and pCREB. Biased signalling was then quantified. The ability of antagonists to block PACAP‐38, PACAP‐27 or VIP stimulated cAMP accumulation at PACAP‐responsive receptors was also determined.Key ResultsPACAP‐responsive receptors exhibited varied pharmacological profiles but activated signalling in a similar manner. The PAC1n and PAC1s receptors displayed distinct pharmacology. At the PAC1s receptor, VIP and PHM were more potent than at the PAC1n receptor. PACAP‐responsive receptors displayed agonist‐dependent antagonism where PACAP‐38 was less effectively antagonised compared to PACAP‐27 and VIP.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe distinct pharmacological profile displayed by the PAC1s receptor suggests that it can act as a dual receptor for VIP and PACAP. Furthermore, the effectiveness of blocking a signalling pathway can be influenced by which endogenous PACAP family agonist is present. These effects have potential implications for the development and effectiveness of drugs targeting the PACAP system.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc
Clinical significance of circulating tumour cells and tumour marker detection in the chemotherapeutic evaluation of advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Shen Feifei , Zhu Yiwen , Wang Fan , Cai Xun , Ding Honghua , Zhou Fei , Wang Jingjue , Gu Hongli , Liu Chuan , Li Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimSystemic chemotherapy combining biological targeted therapies is the standard therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but effective markers are needed to identify clinical responders. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been associated with prognosis in patients with mCRC. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CTC number and the clinical response of patients with advanced CRC.MethodEpithelial cell adhesion molecule‐independent enrichment and CD45− fluorescence in situ hybridization immunofluorescence were used to detect peripheral blood CTCs in 79 patients with advanced CRC. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyse the correlation between CTC number and efficacy of chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsAmong the evaluable patients, CTCs were significantly correlated with clinical response (r =4.891, p = 0.031). High CTC numbers were associated with a poor treatment response (r = −0.250, p = 0.027). Dynamic decrease in CTC number was associated with clinical response (p = 0.046). High baseline CTC number and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were prognostic factors for unfavourable PFS in multivariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.30, p = 0.011 and HR = 2.04, p = 0.044, respectively]. Compared with the CTC‐positive group, the CTC‐negative group showed superior PFS (median PFS 15.53 vs. 9.43 months, p = 0.041) among CRC patients receiving first‐line treatment.ConclusionCTC number is a feasible biomarker for predicting outcomes in mCRC patients receiving systemic chemotherapy.
The AIATSIS Return of Cultural Heritage Project: Understanding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Heritage Material Held Overseas and the Initial Challenges to Repatriating Material to Custodians
Authors: Johnston Iain G. , Meara Tamarind , Ley Lyndall , Simpson Christopher , Lyons Jason , Rutherford Rose , Quadri Diana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the first research phase of the AIATSIS Return of Cultural Heritage Project (2018–2020); where AIATSIS scoped, researched and repatriated significant cultural heritage material from overseas collecting institutions to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. In the initial research phase, the authors undertook a survey of international collecting institutions to scope their holdings of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander material culture and their willingness to repatriate significant objects to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The results of this survey demonstrate a readiness of institutions to share collection records with AIATSIS and a desire by those institutions to have relationships with the First Nations represented in their collections. The authors also found a willingness by a considerable portion of international collecting institutions to consider the repatriation of cultural heritage material to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The final part of the paper evaluates the effectiveness of these collection records and associated public repatriation and deaccession polices to submit a repatriation request for the return of significant Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander cultural heritage material to communities in Australia.
Social Relations, Gender and Empowerment in Economic Development: Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Shamier Clare , McKinnon Katharine , Woodward Kerry 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on commissioned research to assess gender impacts of a local economic development project on the island of Flores in Indonesia. The programme in Flores succeeded in raising household incomes and has become the basis for a model that has now been applied globally. Concurrently, however, the project witnessed the imposition of a narrow capitalocentric economic development vision and a failure to comprehend the nuance and richness of local, gendered, economic practices. The research results demonstrate that the benefits of increased cash income and new pathways for women to become leaders are accompanied by costs for individuals, households and communities, most acutely visible in the social economy. The international NGO that commissioned the research was pleased to hear of the benefits, but resisted the inclusion of any negative findings in the final report. This article suggests that this resistance reflects a broader refusal within the development sector to attend to research that has, for decades, been calling for more nuanced approaches to social and economic change, and more careful consideration of gender along the way.
HTE 3.0: Knowledge‐based systems in cascade for familial hypercholesterolemia detection and dyslipidemia treatment
Authors: López Beatriz , Torrent‐Fontbona Ferran , Masana Marín Luis , Zamora Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHTE 3.0 aims to support clinicians in the detection of patients with dyslipidemia, especially patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and in the recommendation of personalized lipid‐lowering treatments. The core of HTE 3.0 is a clinical decision support system in which several knowledge‐based systems are serialized: patient detection, therapeutic target setting, personalized treatment assessment, and treatment combination and prioritization, according to different criteria. The experimental evaluation of HTE 3.0 shows that the use of HTE 3.0 would mean increasing the capacity to detect FH by 5.7 times compared with usual clinical practice. Regarding the lipid‐lowering treatment, a comparison of 18 cases among seven lipidologists shows that the differences between treatments provided by HTE 3.0 and human lipidologists are smaller than the differences between human experts.
Nonlinear time‐varying fatigue reliability analysis based on the improved toughness exhaustion model
Authors: Gao Kai , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe state function based on fatigue accumulation model has a great influence on accuracy of fatigue reliability analysis of components. A nonlinear fatigue accumulation model considering the interaction of loads is proposed in this paper. The square ratio of front and back loads is presented as a new load interaction factor and embedded into the conventional toughness exhaustion model; thus, this improved model can reflect the load sequence and interaction effect simultaneously. Moreover, the fatigue state function using the improved model is constructed and analyzed by the probability density evolution method. Then experimental data of four materials are used to verify the proposed model, and results show that the residual life fraction predicted by the proposed model is accurate. Furthermore, accuracy and efficiency of the time‐varying fatigue reliability analysis using the proposed model is validated using experimental data from a carbon steel test and a helical compression spring test.
The Headache in Emergency Departments study: Opioid prescribing in patients presenting with headache. A multicenter, cross‐sectional, observational study
Authors: Pellatt Richard A. F. , Kamona Sinan , Chu Kevin , Sweeny Amy , Kuan Win Sen , Kinnear Frances B. , Karamercan Mehmet A. , Klim Sharon , Wijeratne Tissa , Graham Colin A. , Body Richard , Roberts Tom , Horner Daniel , Laribi Said , Keijzers Gerben , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the patterns of opioid use in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with nontraumatic headache by severity and geography.BackgroundInternational guidelines recognize opioids are ineffective in treating primary headache disorders. Globally, many countries are experiencing an opioid crisis. The ED can be a point of initial exposure leading to tolerance for patients. More geographically diverse data are required to inform practice.MethodsThis was a planned, multicenter, cross‐sectional, observational substudy of the international Headache in Emergency Departments (HEAD) study. Participants were prospectively identified throughout March 2019 from 67 hospitals in Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Adult patients with nontraumatic headache were included as identified by the local site investigator.ResultsOverall, 4536 patients were enrolled in the HEAD study. Opioids were administered in 1072/4536 (23.6%) patients in the ED, and 386/3792 (10.2%) of discharged patients. High opioid use occurred prehospital in Australia (190/1777, 10.7%) and New Zealand (55/593, 9.3%). Opioid use in the ED was highest in these countries (Australia: 586/1777, 33.0%; New Zealand: 221/593, 37.3%). Opioid prescription on discharge was highest in Singapore (125/442, 28.3%) and Hong Kong (12/49, 24.5%). Independent predictors of ED opioid administration included the following: severe headache (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.1–5.5), pre‐ED opioid use (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11–1.82), and long‐term opioid use (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.26–2.58). ED opioid administration independently predicted opioid prescription at discharge (OR 8.4, 95% CI 6.3–11.0).ConclusionOpioid prescription for nontraumatic headache in the ED and on discharge varies internationally. Severe headache, prehospital opioid use, and long‐term opioid use predicted ED opioid administration. ED opioid administration was a strong predictor of opioid prescription at discharge. These findings support education around policy and guidelines to ensure adherence to evidence‐based interventions for headache.