bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does pain sensitivity correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms in runners? An observational survey study
Authors: Ehlert Alex , Wilson Patrick B 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Heightened pain sensitivity is common in functional gut disorders, but no research has examined whether it corresponds to exercise-associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We sought to explore whether scores on a questionnaire of pain sensitivity would correlate with GI symptoms during running. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects: The study involves 290 (137 male, 153 female) distance runners. Methods: Runners completed a survey inquiring about demographic, anthropometric and training information and rated GI symptoms at rest and during runs. In addition, the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to quantify pain sensitivity across all items (PSQ-Total) and on items typically rated as minor (PSQ-Minor). Spearman rho correlations were utilized to assess the associations between pain sensitivity and GI symptoms. Partial correlations were used to evaluate the associations after controlling for age, gender, running experience, body mass index and sleep problems. Results: PSQ scores weakly correlated with several GI symptoms at rest (rho = 0.13–0.20; p < 0.05), which remained largely intact in partial correlation analyses (partial rho = 0.12–0.18). PSQ scores weakly correlated with fullness, bloating and gas during runs (rho = 0.12–0.18; p < 0.05); fullness and bloating remained significant in the partial correlation analyses (partial rho = 0.12–0.15). These results were relatively consistent for both the PSQ-Total and PSQ-Minor. Conclusions: Although PSQ scores only weakly correlate with certain GI symptoms among runners, the effect sizes are similar to that of other predictors of GI distress. These results suggest a minor possible role of pain sensitivity in the development of certain GI symptoms in runners.
Burbankite and pseudomorphs from the Main Intrusion calcite carbonatite, Lofdal, Namibia: association, mineral composition, Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sitnikova Maria A. , Do Cabo Vicky , Wall Frances , Goldmann Simon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic Lofdal alkaline carbonatite complex consists of a swarm of carbonatite dykes and two plugs of calcite carbonatite known as the ‘Main’ and ‘Emanya’ carbonatite intrusions, with associated dykes and plugs of phonolite, syenite, rare gabbro, anorthosite and quartz-feldspar porphyry. In the unaltered Main Intrusion calcite carbonatite the principal rare-earth host is burbankite. As burbankite typically forms in a magmatic environment, close to the carbohydrothermal transition, this has considerable petrogenetic significance. Compositional and textural features of Lofdal calcite carbonatites indicate that burbankite formed syngenetically with the host calcite at the magmatic stage of carbonatite evolution. The early crystallisation of burbankite provides evidence that the carbonatitic magma was enriched in Na, Sr, Ba and light rare earth elements. In common with other carbonatites, the Lofdal burbankite was variably affected by alteration to produce a complex secondary mineral assemblage. Different stages of burbankite alteration are observed, from completely fresh blebs and hexagonal crystals through to complete pseudomorphs, consisting of carbocernaite, ancylite, cordylite, strontianite, celestine, parisite and baryte. Although most research and exploration at Lofdal has focused on xenotime-bearing carbonatite dykes and wall-rock alteration, this complex also contains a more typical calcite carbonatite enriched in light rare earth elements and their alteration products.
Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalised children using the ISARIC Global follow-up protocol: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Osmanov Ismail M. , Spiridonova Ekaterina , Bobkova Polina , Gamirova Aysylu , Shikhaleva Anastasia , Andreeva Margarita , Blyuss Oleg , El-Taravi Yasmin , DunnGalvin Audrey , Comberiati Pasquale , Peroni Diego G. , Apfelbacher Christian , Genuneit Jon , Mazankova Lyudmila , Miroshina Alexandra , Chistyakova Evgeniya , Samitova Elmira , Borzakova Svetlana , Bondarenko Elena , Korsunskiy Anatoliy A. , Konova Irina , Hanson Sarah Wulf , Carson Gail , Sigfrid Louise , Scott Janet T. , Greenhawt Matthew , Whittaker Elizabeth A. , Garralda Elena , Swann Olivia V. , Buonsenso Danilo , Nicholls Dasha E. , Simpson Frances , Jones Christina , Semple Malcolm G. , Warner John O. , Vos Theo , Olliaro Piero , Munblit Daniel 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalised with COVID-19 and associated risk factors.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of children (≤18 years old) admitted to hospital with confirmed COVID-19. Children admitted between 2 April 2020 and 26 August 2020 were included. Telephone interviews used the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 Health and Wellbeing Follow-up Survey for Children. Persistent symptoms (>5 months) were further categorised by system(s) involved.Results518 out of 853 (61%) eligible children were available for the follow-up assessment and included in the study. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 10.4 (3–15.2) years and 270 (52.1%) were girls. Median (IQR) follow-up since hospital discharge was 256 (223–271) days. At the time of the follow-up interview 126 (24.3%) participants reported persistent symptoms, among which fatigue (53, 10.7%), sleep disturbance (36, 6.9%) and sensory problems (29, 5.6%) were the most common. Multiple symptoms were experienced by 44 (8.4%) participants. Risk factors for persistent symptoms were: older age “6–11 years” (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.37–5.75) and “12–18 years” (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.41–5.4), and a history of allergic diseases (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.67).ConclusionsA quarter of children experienced persistent symptoms months after hospitalisation with acute COVID-19 infection, with almost one in 10 experiencing multisystem involvement. Older age and allergic diseases were associated with higher risk of persistent symptoms at follow-up.
Effects of nintedanib by inclusion criteria for progression of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Maher Toby M. , Brown Kevin K. , Kreuter Michael , Devaraj Anand , Walsh Simon L.F. , Lancaster Lisa H. , Belloli Elizabeth A. , Padilla Maria , Behr Juergen , Goeldner Rainer-Georg , Tetzlaff Kay , Schlenker-Herceg Rozsa , Flaherty Kevin R. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe INBUILD trial investigated nintedanibversusplacebo in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). We investigated the decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in subgroups based on the inclusion criteria for ILD progression.MethodsSubjects had a fibrosing ILD other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and met the following criteria for ILD progression within the 24 months before screening despite management deemed appropriate in clinical practice: Group A, relative decline in FVC ≥10% predicted; Group B, relative decline in FVC ≥5–<10% predicted with worsened respiratory symptoms and/or increased extent of fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT); Group C, worsened respiratory symptoms and increased extent of fibrosis on HRCT only.ResultsIn the placebo group, the rates of FVC decline over 52 weeks in Groups A, B and C, respectively, were −241.9, −133.1 and −115.3 mL per year in the overall population (p=0.0002 for subgroup-by-time interaction) and −288.9, −156.2 and −100.1 mL per year among subjects with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-like fibrotic pattern on HRCT (p=0.0005 for subgroup-by-time interaction). Nintedanib had a greater absolute effect on reducing the rate of FVC decline in Group A than in Group B or C. However, the relative effect of nintedanibversusplacebo was consistent across the subgroups (p>0.05 for heterogeneity).ConclusionsThe inclusion criteria used in the INBUILD trial, based on FVC decline or worsening of symptoms and extent of fibrosis on HRCT, were effective at identifying patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs. Nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in FVC across the subgroups based on the inclusion criteria related to ILD progression.
A universal outcome measure for headache treatments, care-delivery systems and economic analysis
Authors: Steiner Timothy J , Linde Mattias , Schnell-Inderst Petra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first manuscript in this series delineated a model of structured headache services, potentially cost-effective but requiring formal cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). We envisaged a need for a new outcome measure for this purpose, applicable to all forms of treatment, care and care-delivery systems as opposed to comparisons of single-modality treatments.Conception and delineationA literature review confirmed the lack of any suitable established measure. We prioritised construct validity, simplicity, comprehensiveness and expression in intuitive units. We noted that pain was the key burdensome symptom of migraine and episodic tension-type headache (TTH), that pain above a certain level was disabling, that it was difficult to put economic value to pain but relatively easy to do this for time, a casualty of headache leading to lost productivity. Alleviation of pain to a non-disabling level would be expected to bring restoration of function. We therefore based the measure on time spent in the ictal state (TIS) of migraine or TTH, either as total TIS or proportion of all time. We expressed impact on health, in units of time, as TIS*DW, where DW was the disability weight for the ictal state supplied by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies. If the time unit was hours, TIS*DW yielded hours lived with (or lost to) disability (HLDs), in analogy with GBD’s years lived with disability (YLDs).Utility assessmentAcute treatments would reduce TIS by shortening attack duration, preventative treatments by reducing attack frequency; health-care systems such as structured headache services would have these effects by delivering these treatments. These benefits were all measurable as HLDs-averted. Population-level estimates would be derived by factoring in prevalence, but also taking treatment coverage and adherence into account. For health-care systems, additional gains from provider-training (promoting adherence to guidelines and, therefore, enhancing coverage) and consumer-education (improving adherence to care plans), increasing numbers within populations gaining the benefits of treatments, would be measurable by the same metric.ConclusionsThe new outcome measure expressed in intuitive units of time is applicable to treatments of all modalities and to system-level interventions for multiple headache types, with utility for CEA and for informing health policy.
The acute phase response protein SERPINA3 is increased in tear fluid from the unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis
Authors: Eidet Jon Roger , Akopian Maja , Olstad Ole K. , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Moe Morten C. , Petrovski Goran , Pepaj Milaim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To identify candidate tear fluid biomarkers in patients with unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) that can aid in the differentiation between these patients and patients with bacterial keratitis or healthy controls.

Methods
Thirteen patients (40.1 ± 16.2 years of age) with unilateral AAU, seven patients with unilateral bacterial keratitis (40.2 ± 15.3 years of age), and 14 healthy subjects (41.1 ± 11.6 years of age) were included. The tear proteome of affected eyes was compared with that of the unaffected eye or healthy controls. Proteins were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Relative protein ratios were detected and calculated for 272 unique proteins. Compared with healthy controls and the unaffected eye, the top upregulated proteins in AAU eyes were submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B (SMR3B) and SMR3A. Similarly, the top upregulated proteins in bacterial keratitis were S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and orosomucoid 2. The acute phase response protein Serpin Family A Member 3 (SERPINA3) was increased in the healthy eye of AAU patients (P = 0.019) compared with healthy controls. Laser flare measurements in affected eyes of AAU patients showed positive logarithmic correlation with SERPINA3 in tear samples of the unaffected eye (P = 0.022). The use of SERPINA3 as a tear biomarker yielded a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71% in detecting patients with AAU in the study population.

Conclusions
The acute phase response protein SERPINA3 was increased in tear samples of unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral AAU compared with healthy controls. This study highlights SERPINA3 as a potential biomarker for AAU. Future research should explore the dynamic properties of SERPINA3 in the tear fluid of active and quiescent uveitis eyes.
Candida albicans and Candida glabrata triosephosphate isomerase – a moonlighting protein that can be exposed on the candidal cell surface and bind to human extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Satala Dorota , Satala Grzegorz , Zawrotniak Marcin , Kozik Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTriosephosphate isomerase (Tpi1) is a glycolytic enzyme that has recently been reported also to be an atypical proteinaceous component of theCandidayeast cell wall. Similar to other known candidal “moonlighting proteins”, surface-exposed Tpi1 is likely to contribute to fungal adhesion during the colonization and infection of a human host. The aim of our present study was to directly prove the presence of Tpi1 onC. albicansandC. glabratacells under various growth conditions and characterize the interactions of native Tpi1, isolated and purified from the candidal cell wall, with human extracellular matrix proteins.ResultsSurface plasmon resonance measurements were used to determine the dissociation constants for the complexes of Tpi1 with host proteins and these values were found to fall within a relatively narrow range of 10− 8-10− 7 M. Using a chemical cross-linking method, two motifs of the Tpi1 molecule (aa 4–17 and aa 224–247) were identified to be directly involved in the interaction with vitronectin. A proposed structural model for Tpi1 confirmed that these interaction sites were at a considerable distance from the catalytic active site. Synthetic peptides with these sequences significantly inhibited Tpi1 binding to several extracellular matrix proteins suggesting that a common region on the surface of Tpi1 molecule is involved in the interactions with the host proteins.ConclusionsThe current study provided structural insights into the interactions of human extracellular matrix proteins with Tpi1 that can occur at the cell surface ofCandidayeasts and contribute to the host infection by these fungal pathogens.
Making sense of symptoms, clinicians and systems: a qualitative evaluation of a facilitated support group for patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Marcinow Michelle , Sandercock Jane , D’Silva Chelsea , Daien David , Ellis Carly , Dias Christine , Mansfield Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Health services to date have inadequately addressed the physical and mental health needs of patients with medically unexplained symptoms. This qualitative study evaluates a piloted facilitated support group (FSG) developed for patients with medically unexplained symptoms to inform recommendations and resources for this patient population.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted and thematically analyzed semi-structured interviews with participants (n = 8) and facilitators (n = 4) to explore their experiences of the facilitated support group. Common themes that captured strengths and challenges of the facilitated support group were identified.

Results
The following key themes were identified through analysis of the data: Participants described 1) feeling validated through sharing similar experiences with peers; 2) learning practical symptom management and coping strategies; and 3) gaining new perspectives for navigating conversations with PCPs.

Conclusions
Our findings show that a facilitated support group may provide additional forms of support and resources for patients with medically unexplained symptoms, filling a gap in currently available clinical care offered by health care professionals. Potential implications: This paper highlights lessons learned that can inform the design and delivery of future supports and resources directed toward optimizing patient care for this underserved patient population. Our findings are relevant to those who are involved in direct patient care or involved in designing and implementing self-management programs.
Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents
Authors: Lee Meen Hye , Kim-Godwin Yeoun Soo , Hur Hyungjo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about how race and ethnicity influence marijuana-specific risk and protective factors in U.S. adolescents. We examined differences in risk and protective factors of marijuana use (MU) and their associations with MU by race/ethnicity.

Methods
The present study used data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 68,263 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into seven subgroups by race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed race). Marijuana-specific risk and protective factors (RPFs) were examined, including perceived availability of marijuana, adolescents’ perceived risk of MU and perceived disapproval of parents, peers, and close friends. Past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU were used as MU outcomes to examine the associations with RPFs as well as with race/ethnicity.

Results
Overall, 6.85, 12.67, and 15.52% of the sample reported past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU respectively. Weighted adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that mixed race adolescents reported the greatest perceived availability of marijuana, whereas Black and Asian adolescents had less access compared to White adolescents. The adolescents’ perception of parental disapproval of MU was the lowest for Native American adolescents and highest for Asian adolescents. Mixed race adolescents experienced lower peer and close friend disapproval of MU while Black and Asian adolescents had higher. The MU risk perception was lower in most groups including Black, Hispanic, Native American, and mixed race adolescents, but not in Asian adolescents. Native American adolescents scored the highest on all MU outcomes, whereas Asian adolescents scored the lowest. Perceived availability of marijuana was associated with higher MU in all MU outcomes. Lower disapproval MU perceptions and lower MU risk perceptions were also associated with greater MU.

Conclusion
These findings suggest there is considerable heterogeneity of marijuana risk and protective factors and MU across race/ethnicity among U.S. adolescents.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and knowledge and practice of pilgrims regarding food and water safety during the 2019 Hajj mass gathering
Authors: Yezli Saber , Yassin Yara , Mushi Abdulaziz , Aburas Alhanouf , Alabdullatif Lamis , Alburayh Mariyyah , Khan Anas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood and water-borne diseases (FWBDs) are a health risk at the Hajj mass gathering. The current study documented the prevalence and management of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among pilgrims during the 2019 Hajj and assessed their knowledge and practice concerning food and water safety.MethodAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Macca, Saudi Arabia, among adult Hajj pilgrims from 28 countries. Data was collected from 15th–20th August 2019 by facer-to-face interviews using an anonymous structured questionnaire. Basic demographic data as well as information regarding pilgrims’ knowledge and practice relating to food and water safety and any GI symptoms experienced during the Hajj was collected and analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 1363 pilgrims with a mean age of 50.1 years (SD = 12.3) and 63.4% (n = 845) were male. At least 9.7% (n = 133) of pilgrims experience GI symptoms and 5.1% (69/1363) suffered diarrhea. Most respondents drunk bottled water (99.4%,n = 1324) and obtained their food from their hotel /Hajj mission (> 86%). In general, pilgrims had good knowledge and practice in relation to food and water safety, although risky practices were noted concerning keeping food at unsafe temperatures and hazardous sharing of food and water. Gender, nationality and suffering GI symptoms during Hajj were significantly associated with good knowledge and good practice. There was a moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores (rs = 0.41,p < 0.0001).ConclusionDespite overall good knowledge and self-reported practice, risky behaviors relating to food and water safety were identified among pilgrims, many of whom suffered from GI symptoms during Hajj. Our results can form the basis for developing tailored, targeted and effective interventions to improve pilgrims’ knowledge and behavior and reduce the burden of FWBDs at the Hajj and beyond.
Patient similarity analytics for explainable clinical risk prediction
Authors: Fang Hao Sen Andrew , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Tan Wei Ying , Oei Ronald Wihal , Lee Mong Li , Hsu Wynne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical risk prediction models (CRPMs) use patient characteristics to estimate the probability of having or developing a particular disease and/or outcome. While CRPMs are gaining in popularity, they have yet to be widely adopted in clinical practice. The lack of explainability and interpretability has limited their utility. Explainability is the extent of which a model’s prediction process can be described. Interpretability is the degree to which a user can understand the predictions made by a model.MethodsThe study aimed to demonstrate utility of patient similarity analytics in developing an explainable and interpretable CRPM. Data was extracted from the electronic medical records of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in a Singapore public primary care clinic. We used modified K-nearest neighbour which incorporated expert input, to develop a patient similarity model on this real-world training dataset (n = 7,041) and validated it on a testing dataset (n = 3,018). The results were compared using logistic regression, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) models from the same dataset. The patient similarity model was then implemented in a prototype system to demonstrate the identification, explainability and interpretability of similar patients and the prediction process.ResultsThe patient similarity model (AUROC = 0.718) was comparable to the logistic regression (AUROC = 0.695), RF (AUROC = 0.764) and SVM models (AUROC = 0.766). We packaged the patient similarity model in a prototype web application. A proof of concept demonstrated how the application provided both quantitative and qualitative information, in the form of patient narratives. This information was used to better inform and influence clinical decision-making, such as getting a patient to agree to start insulin therapy.ConclusionsPatient similarity analytics is a feasible approach to develop an explainable and interpretable CRPM. While the approach is generalizable, it can be used to develop locally relevant information, based on the database it searches. Ultimately, such an approach can generate a more informative CRPMs which can be deployed as part of clinical decision support tools to better facilitate shared decision-making in clinical practice.