bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saltmarsh archives of vegetation and land use change from Big River Marsh, SW Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Selby Katherine A. , Roe Helen M. , Wright Alexander J. , van de Plassche Orson , Derrett Sally R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPollen and plant macrofossils are often well-preserved in coastal sediments, providing a palaeoenvironmental record of sea-level and landscape change. In this study, we examine the pollen and plant macrofossil assemblages of a well-dated saltmarsh sediment core from southwest Newfoundland, Canada, to establish recent coastal vegetation and land use change, to increase the knowledge of anthropogenic activities in the area and develop pollen chronozones for reconstructing marsh accumulation rates and to examine the representation of plant macrofossil remains in the wetland pollen profile. Grouping the pollen record into upland and wetland assemblages allows local events related to hydrological change to be separated from landscape-scale changes. The wetland pollen and plant macrofossil records indicate a general acceleration in sea-level rise ca. ad 1700. The sedge pollen and plant macrofossil records attest to multiple phases of rhizome encroachment during inferred periods of marine regression. Two chronozones are identified from the upland pollen profile; the first associated with the settlement of St. George’s Bay ca. ad 1800, signalled by increases in Plantago lanceolata and Ambrosia pollen; the second with the permanent settlement of the Port au Port peninsula ca. ad 1850, indicated by increased P. lanceolata and Rumex pollen. Comparison of the plant macrofossil and wetland pollen profiles highlights the underrepresentation of grass pollen preserved in the saltmarsh sediments and a need for further analysis of the zonation, pollen dispersal and macrofossil representation of sedge species in saltmarshes.
Wie viele Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen haben die technischen Voraussetzungen für Videosprechstunden und sind bereit, fachärztliche Visiten so durchzuführen?
Authors: Baraliakos X. , Alshakaki F. , Bühring B. , Andreica I. , Kiltz U. , Braun J. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die aktuell grassierende SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und begrenzte Kapazitäten in der ambulanten rheumatologischen Versorgung werfen, auch angesichts der digitalen Revolution, Fragen nach möglichen Alternativen zu klinischen Visiten auf. Ob und inwieweit Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen bereit und in der Lage sind, mit den neuen Medien wie etwa Videosprechstunden (VSS) umzugehen, ist unklar.

Methoden
Mitten in der Pandemie wurden im Mai 2020 ambulante Patienten mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen systematisch befragt, um ihre Möglichkeiten und die Bereitschaft für die Teilnahme an VSS zu ermitteln. Der behandelnde Arzt gab an, ob er die Durchführung einer VSS für möglich und auch für sinnvoll hielt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 232 Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen befragt (64,7 % weiblich, mittleres Alter 54,0 ± 15,2 Jahre), seropositive (n = 58) und seronegative (n = 51) rheumatoide Arthritis (RA), Spondyloarthritis (SpA) (n = 77) inklusive der axialen SpA (axSpA) und der Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) sowie Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden (KoV) (n = 46). Die mittlere Krankheitsdauer betrug 5,5 ± 8,2 Jahre, bei 75 Patienten (32,3 %) handelte es sich um eine Erstdiagnose. Die mittlere Krankheitsaktivität (0–10, subjektive Patienteneinschätzung) lag bei 4,7 ± 2,5. Insgesamt wussten 176 Patienten grundsätzlich über die Möglichkeit der Durchführung von VSS Bescheid (75,9 %), und 166 sahen sich technisch in der Lage, daran teilzunehmen (71,6 %), aber nur 131 waren grundsätzlich auch bereit dazu (56,5 %). Die logistische Regressionsanalyse zeigte, dass die Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an VSS mit zunehmendem Alter abnahm (β = 0,28, p = 0,01). Nach ärztlicher Einschätzung wurden VSS bei 161 Patienten aus technischen (69,4 %) und bei 127 aus medizinischen Gründen (54,7 %) prinzipiell für möglich gehalten. Die Durchführung von VSS im Rahmen der Versorgung wurde vom Arzt aber nur bei 76 Patienten (32,8 %) für sinnvoll gehalten.

Zusammenfassung
Nicht alle Patienten können oder wollen an VSS teilnehmen, mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt die Bereitschaft dazu ab. Auch die ärztliche Einschätzung der Sinnhaftigkeit von VSS beschränkte sich auf etwa ein Drittel der befragten Patienten. Dies ist für zukünftige Planungen von VSS zu berücksichtigen.
Imitating evolution’s tinkering by protein engineering reveals extension of human galectin-7 activity
Authors: Ludwig Anna-Kristin , Michalak Malwina , Gabba Adele , Kutzner Tanja J. , Beckwith Donella M. , FitzGerald Forrest G. , García Caballero Gabriel , Manning Joachim C. , Kriegsmann Mark , Kaltner Herbert , Murphy Paul V. , Cudic Maré , Kopitz Jürgen , Gabius Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWild-type lectins have distinct types of modular design. As a step to explain the physiological importance of their special status, hypothesis-driven protein engineering is used to generate variants. Concerning adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins, non-covalently associated homodimers are commonly encountered in vertebrates. The homodimeric galectin-7 (Gal-7) is a multifunctional context-dependent modulator. Since the possibility of conversion from the homodimer to hybrids with other galectin domains, i.e. from Gal-1 and Gal-3, has recently been discovered, we designed Gal-7-based constructs, i.e. stable (covalently linked) homo- and heterodimers. They were produced and purified by affinity chromatography, and the sugar-binding activity of each lectin unit proven by calorimetry. Inspection of profiles of binding of labeled galectins to an array-like platform with various cell types, i.e. sections of murine epididymis and jejunum, and impact on neuroblastoma cell proliferation revealed no major difference between natural and artificial (stable) homodimers. When analyzing heterodimers, acquisition of altered properties was seen. Remarkably, binding properties and activity as effector can depend on the order of arrangement of lectin domains (from N- to C-termini) and on the linker length. After dissociation of the homodimer, the Gal-7 domain can build new functionally active hybrids with other partners. This study provides a clear direction for research on defining the full range of Gal-7 functionality and offers the perspective of testing applications for engineered heterodimers.
FFT phase-field model combined with cohesive composite voxels for fracture of composite materials with interfaces
Authors: Chen Yang , Gélébart Lionel , Marano Aldo , Marrow James 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA framework for damage modelling based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is proposed to combine the variational phase-field approach with a cohesive zone model. This combination enables the application of the FFT methodology in composite materials with interfaces. The composite voxel technique with a laminate model is adopted for this purpose. A frictional cohesive zone model is incorporated to describe the fracture behaviour of the interface including frictional sliding. Representative numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed model is able to predict complex fracture behaviour in composite microstructures, such as debonding, frictional sliding of interfaces, crack deviation and coalescence of interface cracking and matrix cracking.
Gland cell responses to feeding in Drosera capensis, a carnivorous plant
Authors: Lichtscheidl Irene , Lancelle Sue , Weidinger Marieluise , Adlassnig Wolfram , Koller-Peroutka Marianne , Bauer Sonja , Krammer Stefanie , Hepler Peter K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlands of Drosera absorb and transport nutrients from captured prey, but the mechanism and dynamics remain unclear. In this study, we offered animal proteins in the form of fluorescent albumin (FITC-BSA) and observed the reactions of the glands by live cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy. The ultrastructure of these highly dynamic processes was also assessed in high-pressure frozen and freeze substituted (HPF-FS) cells. HPF-FS yielded excellent preservation of the cytoplasm of all cell types, although the cytosol looked different in gland cells as compared to endodermoid and stalk cells. Especially prominent were the ER and its contacts with the plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, and other organelles as well as continuities between organelles. Also distinct were actin microfilaments in association with ER and organelles. Application of FITC-BSA to glands caused the formation of fluorescent endosomes that pinched off the plasma membrane. Endosomes fused to larger aggregates, and accumulated in the bulk cytoplasm around the nucleus. They did not fuse with the cell sap vacuole but remained for at least three days; in addition, fluorescent vesicles also proceeded through endodermoid and transfer cells to the epidermal and parenchymal cells of the tentacle stalk.
Arbitrary-order intrinsic virtual element method for elliptic equations on surfaces
Authors: Bachini Elena , Manzini Gianmarco , Putti Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe develop a geometrically intrinsic formulation of the arbitrary-order Virtual Element Method (VEM) on polygonal cells for the numerical solution of elliptic surface partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDE is first written in covariant form using an appropriate local reference system. The knowledge of the local parametrization allows us to consider the two-dimensional VEM scheme, without any explicit approximation of the surface geometry. The theoretical properties of the classical VEM are extended to our framework by taking into consideration the highly anisotropic character of the final discretization. These properties are extensively tested on triangular and polygonal meshes using a manufactured solution. The limitations of the scheme are verified as functions of the regularity of the surface and its approximation.
Local regularity for concave homogeneous complex degenerate elliptic equations dominating the Monge–Ampère equation
Authors: Abja Soufian , Olive Guillaume 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a local regularity result for $$W^{2,p}_{{\mathrm {loc}}}$$

W
loc

2
,
p

solutions to complex degenerate nonlinear elliptic equations $$F(D^2_{\mathbb {C}}u)=f$$

F
(

D
C
2

u
)
=
f

when they dominate the Monge–Ampère equation. Notably, we apply our result to the so-called k-Monge–Ampère equation.
Effects of La2O3 Addition into CaO-SiO2 Slag: Structural Evolution and Impurity Separation from Si-Sn Alloy
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Wu Guixuan , Azarov Alexander , Monakhov Eduard , Tang Kai , Müller Michael , Safarian Jafar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Boron (B) and phosphorus (P) are the most problematic impurities to be removed in the production of solar-grade silicon by the metallurgical process. In this work, the distribution of B and P between CaO-(La2O3)-SiO2 slags and Si-10 mass pct Sn melt was experimentally studied. B distribution coefficient increased from 2.93 in binary CaO-SiO2 slag to 3.33 and 3.65 with 2 and 10 mass pct La2O3 additions, respectively. In the followed acid-leaching experiments, the slag-treated Si-Sn alloys exhibited higher B and P removal than that of the initial alloy without slag treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of La2O3 addition on the slag structural and transport properties. A novel oxygen classification method was proposed to distinguish the different structural roles of La and Ca in the CaO-La2O3-SiO2 system. It was found that La3+ prefers to stay in the depolymerized region, mostly connects with 6-7 non-bridging oxygen, and requires a weak charge compensation with Ca2+. Possible silicothermic reduction was evaluated to discuss the slag chemistry and the mass transfer between slag and metal phase. A thermodynamic model was derived to theoretically study the alloying effect on impurity distribution in slag refining where positive interaction coefficient and high alloying concentration were found most beneficial to improve the impurity removal.
Behaviorally targeted location-based mobile marketing
Authors: Bernritter Stefan F. , Ketelaar Paul E. , Sotgiu Francesca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMarketers increasingly use behavioral targeting in location-based mobile marketing (LBMM). However, highly personalized marketing messages like this may backfire by eliciting consumer reactance. We suggest that LBMM efficacy depends on its potential to minimize consumer reactance, which can be achieved by effectively combining location targeting (in-store vs. out-store), behavioral targeting (based on consumers’ product category involvement [PCI]), and the type of promotion offered (price vs. non-price promotion). Results of a field study, a virtual reality experiment, and two online experiments show that although in-store mobile ads are generally more effective in increasing sales than out-store mobile ads, this is only the case if consumers have low PCI with the advertised product category, because this decreases their reactance. To attract consumers to stores by out-store LBMM, we show that firms should offer price promotions to consumers with low PCI and non-price promotions to consumers with high PCI, because these combinations of location targeting, behavioral targeting, and type of promotion elicit the least reactance and therefore result in a higher probability to buy.
Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lou Baowen , Barbieri Diego Maria , Passavanti Marco , Hui Cang , Gupta Akshay , Hoff Inge , Lessa Daniela Antunes , Sikka Gaurav , Chang Kevin , Fang Kevin , Lam Louisa , Maharaj Brij , Ghasemi Navid , Qiao Yaning , Adomako Solomon , Foroutan Mirhosseini Ali , Naik Bhaven , Banerjee Arunabha , Wang Fusong , Tucker Andrew , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Wijayaratna Kasun , Naseri Sahra , Yu Lei , Chen Hao , Shu Benan , Goswami Shubham , Peprah Prince , Hessami Amir , Abbas Montasir , Agarwal Nithin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.
Do commodity prices incentivize exploration permit application? An explorative study of an anecdotal relation
Authors: Olofsson Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDo commodity prices drive exploration permit applications? In a recent qualitative study on mineral exploration and risk management in Sweden, a number of respondents representing mineral exploration organizations and governmental agencies expressed how mineral exploration permit applications increase with rising commodity prices. This paper seeks to investigate this alleged correlation quantitatively. In doing so, the study uses time series analysis and ARIMA models to analyze the covariation of applications for exploration permits filed with the Mining Inspectorate of Sweden and annual average copper, lead, zinc, silver, and gold prices in the period 2000 to 2018. Contrary to the anecdotal evidence given by actors in the exploration and mining industry, the paper cannot show any significant covariation between the majority of mineral prices and applications filed. Contrary to expectations, there appear therefore not to be any correlation between copper, lead, silver, and gold prices and the volume of permit applications filed annually. Moreover, the study also shows that the correlation between annual average zinc prices and permit applications appears to be the reverse of what was first believed as the annual change in application volume occurs before the rise or fall in zinc prices.
Unifying the Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Fellowship Curriculum via Delphi Consensus
Authors: Park Keon Min , Rashidian Nikdokht , Mohamedaly Sarah , Brasel Karen J. , Conroy Patricia , Glencer Alexa C. , He Jin , Passeri Michael J. , Katariya Nitin N. , Alseidi Adnan 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) Fellowship training in the Americas consists of 3 distinctive routes with variable curricula: Surgical Oncology Fellowship via the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO), Abdominal Transplant Surgery Fellowship via the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (ASTS), and HPB Fellowship via the Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (AHPBA). Our objective was to establish a pan-American consensus among HPB surgeons, surgical oncologists, abdominal transplant surgeons, and general surgery residency program directors (GSPDs) on a core knowledge curriculum for HPB fellowship, and to identify topics appropriate for general surgery residency and subspecialty beyond HPB fellowship.

STUDY DESIGN:
A 3-round modified Delphi process was used. Baseline statements were developed by the Education and Training Committee of the AHPBA, in collaboration with representatives of the SSO, ASTS, and GSPDs. The expert panel, consisting of members of the 3 societies together with GSPDs, rated the statements on a 5-point Likert scale and suggested editing or adding new statements. A statement was included in the final curriculum when Cronbach's alpha value was ≥ 0.8 and ≥ 80% of the panel agreed on inclusion.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 100% for the first round, and 98% for the second and third rounds. Eighty-nine of 138 proposed statements were included in the final HPB fellowship curriculum. Curricula for general surgery residency and subspecialty beyond HPB fellowship included 50 and 29 statements, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
A multinational consensus on core knowledge for an HPB fellowship curriculum was achieved via the modified Delphi method. This core curriculum may be used to standardize HPB fellowship training across different pathways in the Americas.
Primary Adult-Onset Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis with Neurologic Presentation
Authors: Southam Cormac , Grossman Jennifer , Hahn Chris 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immune deregulatory disorder that predominantly presents in children. Here we describe three patients with adult-onset primary HLH whose initial presentations were characterized by neurological features, and we review the literature of published cases. These cases ranged in age from 17 to 30 and presented with a variety of neurological symptoms. One of our cases demonstrated numerous microhemorrhages on MR brain. This is the first published case of adult-onset HLH presenting with cerebral microhemorrhages. In addition, literature review identified five additional patients with isolated central nervous system presentation of primary HLH.
Simulations of ionospheric refraction on radio interferometric data
Authors: Chege J. Kariuki , Jordan C. H. , Lynch C. , Line J. L. B. , Trott C. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) is the period within which the neutral universe transitioned to an ionised one. This period remains unobserved using low-frequency radio interferometers, which target the 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen emitted in this era. The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio telescope was built with the detection of this signal as one of its major science goals. One of the most significant challenges towards a successful detection is that of calibration, especially in the presence of the Earth’s ionosphere. By introducing refractive source shifts, distorting source shapes, and scintillating flux densities, the ionosphere is a major nuisance in low-frequency radio astronomy. We introducesivio, a software tool developed for simulating observations of the MWA through different ionospheric conditions, which is estimated using thin screen approximation models and propagated into the visibilities. This enables us to directly assess the impact of the ionosphere on observed EoR data and the resulting power spectra. We show that the simulated data captures the dispersive behaviour of ionospheric effects. We show that the spatial structure of the simulated ionospheric media is accurately reconstructed either from the resultant source positional offsets or from parameters evaluated during the data calibration procedure. In turn, this will inform on the best strategies of identifying and efficiently eliminating ionospheric contamination in EoR data moving into the Square Kilometre Array era.
Trisomy 21, transposition of the great arteries and abnormal myelopoiesis
Authors: Mishra Chandan , Kadiyani Lamk , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Sehgal Tushar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDown syndrome is a well-recognised genetic condition associated with several comorbidities. Although CHD is common in Down syndrome, transposition of the great arteries is exceptionally rare. We describe a neonate with Down syndrome who presented with transient abnormal myelopoiesis and transposition of the great arteries. Down syndrome may accelerate pulmonary hypertension in transposition of the great arteries and is associated with poor outcomes.
Treatment of refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder with nutraceuticals (TRON): a 20-week, open label pilot study
Authors: Sarris Jerome , Byrne Gerard J. , Oliver Georgina , Cribb Lachlan , Blair-West Scott , Castle David , Dean Olivia M. , Camfield David A. , Brakoulias Vlasios , Bousman Chad , Dowling Nathan , Ee Carolyn , Murphy Jenifer , Menon Ranjit , Berk Michael , Chamoli Suneel , Boschen Mark , Ng Chee H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is often challenging to treat and resistant to psychological interventions and prescribed medications. The adjunctive use of nutraceuticals with potential neuromodulatory effects on underpinning pathways such as the glutamatergic and serotonergic systems is one novel approach.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of a purpose-formulated combination of nutraceuticals in treating OCD:N-acetyl cysteine, L-theanine, zinc, magnesium, pyridoxal-5′ phosphate, and selenium.MethodsA 20-week open label proof-of-concept study was undertaken involving 28 participants with treatment-resistant DSM-5-diagnosed OCD, during 2017 to 2020. The primary outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), administered every 4 weeks.ResultsAn intention-to-treat analysis revealed an estimated mean reduction across time (baseline to week-20) on the YBOCS total score of −7.13 (95% confidence interval = −9.24, −5.01), with a mean reduction of −1.21 points per post-baseline visit (P ≤ .001). At 20-weeks, 23% of the participants were considered “responders” (YBOCS ≥35% reduction and “very much” or “much improved” on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale). Statistically significant improvements were also revealed on all secondary outcomes (eg, mood, anxiety, and quality of life). Notably, treatment response on OCD outcome scales (eg, YBOCS) was greatest in those with lower baseline symptom levels, while response was limited in those with relatively more severe OCD.ConclusionsWhile this pilot study lacks placebo-control, the significant time effect in this treatment-resistant OCD population is encouraging and suggests potential utility especially for those with lower symptom levels. Our findings need to be confirmed or refuted via a follow-up placebo-controlled study.