bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Function of extravascular coagulation factor IX in haemostasis
Authors: Mann David M. , Stafford Katherine A. , Poon Man‐Chiu , Matino Davide , Stafford Darrel W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe majority of clotting factor IX (FIX) resides extravascularly, in the subendothelial basement membrane, where it is important for haemostasis.AimWe summarize preclinical studies demonstrating extravascular FIX and its role in haemostasis and discuss clinical observations supporting this. We compare the in vivo binding of BeneFIX® and the extended half‐life FIX, Alprolix®, to extravascular type IV collagen (Col4).MethodsThree mouse models of haemophilia were used: the FIX knockout as the CRM− model and two knock‐in mice, representing a CRM+ model of a commonly occurring patient mutation (FIXR333Q) or a mutation that binds poorly to Col4 (FIXK5A). The murine saphenous vein bleeding model was used to assess haemostatic competency. Clinical publications were reviewed for relevance to extravascular FIX.ResultsCRM status affects recovery and prophylactic efficacy. Prophylactic protection decreases ~5X faster in CRM+ animals. Extravascular haemostasis can explain unexpected breakthrough bleeding in patients treated with some EHL‐FIX therapeutics. In mice, both Alprolix® and BeneFIX® bind Col4 with similar affinities (Kd~20–40 nM) and show dose‐dependent recoveries. As expected, the concentration of binding sites in the mouse calculated for Alprolix® (574 nM) was greater than for BeneFIX® (405 nM), due to Alprolix® binding to both Col4 and the endothelial cell neonatal Fc receptor.ConclusionPreclinical and clinical results support the interpretation that FIX plays a role in haemostasis from its extravascular location. We believe that knowing the CRM status of haemophilia B patients is important for optimizing prophylactic dosing with less trial and error, thereby decreasing clinical morbidity.
Addition of waxy, low‐ or high‐amylose rice starch differentially affects microstructure, water migration, texture and cooking quality of dried potato starch noodles
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Xiaojing , Xu Zekun , Zhou Ruizong , Huang Wuyang , Sui Zhongquan , Corke Harold 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPotassium alum (PA) is commonly used as an improver for quality of potato starch noodles (PSN). However, PA poses health risks to consumers, thus making it imperative to seek substitutes for Al3+. In this study, effects of rice starch addition on quality of PSN were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that addition of low‐amylose rice starch (LARS) or 40% waxy rice starch (WRS) enhanced structural development of PSN. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the presence of LARS increased water retention in PSN. Addition of rice starch enhanced cooking quality of PSN by extending cooking time and significantly decreasing cooking loss (P < 0.05). Moreover, addition of LARS significantly (P < 0.05) increased tensile strength and hardness of PSN, whereas addition of WRS had the reverse effect. Mixing waxy potato starch with LARS at ratios of 4:1 or 3:2 is optimal for production of PSN.
Management for delayed diagnosis in cesarean scar pregnancy with hemorrhage intra‐ or postuterine dilation and curettage
Authors: Mo Xuetang , Tang Shiyan , Li Cuilan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the characteristics, management, and outcomes of delayed diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) with hemorrhage intra‐ or postuterine curettage for early pregnancy termination.MethodsThe retrospective study, cases were identified from the interrogation of the hospital database and clinical data including the success rate of different treatments, vaginal bleeding time, abnormal beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) time, and menstrual recovery time, preservation of uterus were analyzed.ResultsMedical records of 80 confirmed CSP cases with dilation and curettage (D&C) as primary treatment were analyzed; among them, 22 were treated with uterine arterial embolization (UAE) + methotrexate (MTX); 32 with UAE + surgery; 26 with only surgery or resection and repair. Treatment with UAE had less intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.05). UAE + surgery treatment had the highest success rate (96.8%,p < 0.05), the least vaginal bleeding duration after treatment (11.9 ± 9.6 days,p < 0.05), and least β‐hCG normalization time (17.4 ±  7.8 days,p < 0.05).ConclusionUAE + surgery treatment is a favorable and effective option to control massive hemorrhage intra‐ or post‐uterine curettage for early CSP termination.
Cesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies in Japan: A descriptive study using nationwide health insurance claims data
Authors: Maeda Eri , Ishihara Osamu , Tomio Jun , Miura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Yasuki , Terada Yukihiro , Murata Katsuyuki , Nomura Kyoko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimDue to the lack of national perinatal registries, population‐wide descriptive statistics on cesarean deliveries in Japan are unknown. We aim to describe cesarean deliveries for overall and multiple pregnancies using the Japan National Database of health insurance claims.MethodsWe calculated the national and prefectural cesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies in 2014. We described maternal morbidities (e.g., blood transfusion) and the place and type of the institutions providing prenatal and perinatal care.ResultsThe national cesarean delivery rates were 18.6% overall and 82.7% for women with multiple pregnancies. Prefectural cesarean delivery rates for overall and multiple pregnancies varied from 12.5% to 24.2% and from 49.2% to 100%, respectively, showing a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Overall, 1.4% of cesarean patients received an allogeneic blood transfusion, compared to 3.2% for those with multiple pregnancies. In addition, 65.9% of overall cesarean deliveries occurred at hospitals with ≥20 beds, whereas 94.6% of cesarean patients with multiple pregnancies delivered at hospitals. Older patients were more likely to receive their cesarean section at a different institution than their first visit within the same prefecture, but trans‐prefectural movement during pregnancy covered by health insurance was most frequent among those in their early thirties: 7.0% overall and 10.7% for multiple pregnancies.ConclusionsThe overall cesarean delivery rate in Japan was optimal, but the rate was high for multiple pregnancies, with large regional differences. Data on patient movement across institutions and areas would help to improve the perinatal care system.
Acute myeloid leukaemia in patients we judge as being older and/or unfit
Authors: Lazarevic V. Lj. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe definition of older age in AML is arbitrary. In the context of the clinical studies, it starts with age ≥60 or ≥65 years and in recent years ≥70 or 75, depending on the selection of the studied population. In clinical practice, with older age, we often mean that the patient is unfit for intensive chemotherapy. Higher age overlaps with categories such as worse performance status, unfitness, comorbidities, poor‐risk cytogenetics, adverse mutation patterns, age‐related clonal haematopoiesis and specific disease ontogeny. Intensive induction therapy can result in prolonged overall survival, at least in a subset of elderly patients aged up to 75 years despite the reluctance of some physicians and patients to use treatment regimens perceived as toxic. Venetoclax and azacitidine combination is the new standard of comparison for persons unfit for intensive therapy. New oral hypomethylating agent CC‐486 as maintenance therapy led to a prolonged overall survival in a randomized trial of patients ≥55 years of age who were in first complete remission, but not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Any therapy is better than no therapy, but a substantial proportion of older patients still receive only palliative care. Making a decision for AML diagnosed in older age should be individualized and shared through the dialog with the patient and relatives or cohabitants, considering medical issues and social factors including personal goals. Although we are witnesses of the advances in basic research and therapy, we are still a very long way from curing older patients with AML.
Reliability and validity of the Korean 12‐item Perception of Aggression Scale
Authors: Nam Sujin , Hong Soyun , Kim Heejung , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Fong Daniel Yee Tak 
Published: March 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The importance of and interest in nurses’ attitudes towards and subjective experience with workplace violence in clinical settings is increasing.

The prevalence of patient‐perpetrated violence against Korean nurses in hospital settings is highly prevalent.

Only few instruments are available to measure the nurses’ perception of patient aggression in Korea.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This is the first study to assess the linguistic and psychometric reliability and validity of an instrument that evaluates the attitude of Korean nursing staff towards patient‐perpetrated workplace violence.

What are the implications for practice?

This valid and reliable instrument could be used to assess and monitor the nurses’ attitudes towards aggressive tendencies in the workplace.

The results could contribute to the development of relevant interventions for coping with violence by patients towards nursing staff and the implementation of practical training to cultivate healthy perceptions towards patients to foster therapeutic nurse–patient relationships.

AbstractIntroductionDespite the high prevalence of patient‐perpetrated violence against Korean nurses globally, reliable and valid measures of patient aggression are lacking in Korean.AimWe translated the 12‐item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) into Korean and psychometrically assessed its utility in measuring nurses’ attitudes towards aggression.MethodsThe 12‐item Korean POAS was obtained through forward–backward translation and cognitive debriefing. It was administered online to 319 nurses (mean age = 32.64 years; females = 96.2%), of which 206 completed it again after two weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 3‐factor structure as hypothesized in the original version. The intra‐class correlation coefficient was used to assess the test–retest reliability.ResultsThe originally hypothesized 3‐factor structure showed a good fit. The 3 dimensions: aggression as a dysfunctional or undesirable phenomenon, aggression as a functional or comprehensible phenomenon, and aggression as a protective measure had internal consistencies of 0.74, 0.86 and 0.90 and corresponding ICCs of 0.70, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively.DiscussionThe 12‐item Korean POAS is a valid and reliable scale that might aid investigating nurses’ attitudes towards patient aggression.Implications for practiceThe 12‐item Korean POAS can help Korean nurses adopt protective behaviours and develop interventions to cope with aggression.
Shifting Religious Influences on Attitudes Towards Same‐Sex Behavior and Civil Liberties: A Multilevel Across‐Time Analysis
Authors: Moore Laura M. , Adamczyk Amy , Ryan J. Michael , Ovadia Seth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmericans' acceptance of same‐sex sexual relations and their willingness to restrict the civil liberties of sexual minorities vary substantially across both time and place even as overall trends have been towards more liberalizing stances. Yet few quantitative studies have explored both the individual and contextual religious factors shaping Americans' views and none have applied such an analysis to examining attitudes over time. Using hierarchical ordered logistic modeling and time‐year interactions with 1973–2016 General Social Survey data, we examine whether the religious characteristics of residents and the contexts in which they reside moderated Americans' liberalizing attitudes over time. We find that more religiously engaged people, those who belonged to evangelical and Black protestant faiths, as well as those living in areas with higher overall levels of religious attendance changed their moral perspective about same‐sex relations at a lesser rate over time. However, we do not find similar moderating influences of religious factors for explaining Americans' willingness to restrict the civil liberties of individuals identifying as homosexual. We frame these findings relative to the morality and equality discourses permeating the culture and the concerted efforts of the Christian Right to influence public opinion and policy since the 1970s.
Going against the grain: An exploration of agency in medical learning
Authors: Watling Christopher , Ginsburg Shiphra , LaDonna Kori , Lingard Lorelei , Field Emily 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLearner‐centred medical education relies on learner agency. While attractive in principle, the actual exercise of agency is a complicated process, potentially constrained by social norms and cultural expectations. In this study, we explored what it means to be an agentic learner in medicine, and how individuals experience and harness agency in their learning.MethodsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we interviewed 19 physicians or physicians‐in‐training who identified as ‘learning mavericks’; this strategy facilitated recruiting participants with a strong sense of themselves as agentic learners. We asked them about atypical learning choices they had made, about support and resistance they encountered and about how they managed to carve a distinct path for themselves. Data collection and analysis were concurrent and iterative, grounded in the constant comparative approach.ResultsWe identified one overarching concept: agency is work. The work of exercising agency was compounded by a system of professional training that was perceived to promote conformity and to resist individual learner agency. Individuals’ capacity to exercise agency appeared to be bolstered by social capital, self‐knowledge and mentorship.Discussion and ConclusionsOur work extends and elaborates the understanding of learner agency in medicine, highlighting the exercise of agency as a sometimes counter‐cultural act that requires learners to resist considerable pressure to conform to social and professional expectations. Agency may come more easily to strong learners who have established their ability to succeed within the system's expectations. Enhancing learner agency thus requires careful attention to learner support. Mentorship that both helps learners to identify appropriate learning paths and shields them from the pull of social expectations may be especially fruitful.
Efficiency of theCO2‐baited omni‐directionalFay‐Princetrap under semi‐field conditions and characterizing response behaviours for the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Amos Brogan A. , Cardé Ring T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAedes aegypti(L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of several serious disease‐causing viruses including Dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. Effective and efficient trapping methods are essential for meaningful mosquito population and disease‐presence surveillance and ultimately, vector control. The Fay‐Prince trap (FPT) was developed in the late 1960s as a daytime visual trap for maleAe. aegypti. Since then, its use has been expanded into the trapping of femaleAe. aegypti,Aedes albopictusSkuse, otherAe.spp., andCulexspp. The efficiency of the FPT alone and with CO2was tested under semi‐field conditions and the behaviour of responding femaleAe. aegyptiwas characterized. The mean capture efficiency of the FPT with CO2per 30 min in the greenhouse was 3.07% and the capture rate from the total number of mosquitoes in our semi‐field setup was slightly higher at 4.45%. Understanding the behaviours that mosquitoes exhibit during their encounter with particularly a visual trap may recommend trap improvements and contributes to our understanding of host‐seeking behaviour and how it might be exploited.
Validating a model for medication‐related dental outcomes in older people
Authors: Tan Edwin C. K. , Lexomboon Duangjai , Häbel Henrike , Fastbom Johan , Eriksdotter Maria , Johnell Kristina , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo externally validate a model for medication‐related dental outcomes in (a) a general older population with dementia and (b) a matched population without dementia.Subjects and MethodsThis validation study used population‐based data from seven Swedish national registers (2008–2017). Individuals aged 60+ with dementia were matched to those without dementia on age, gender, and county of residence at the date of diagnosis (index date). The exposure was continuous use of xerogenic medications during the 3‐year period before index date. The primary outcome was the number of tooth extraction and restorative procedures within 3 years after index date.ResultsA total of 334,220 individuals were included in the final sample. In the dementia cohort, the use of urological drugs (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13), respiratory medicines (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17), and proton‐pump inhibitors (IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.13) was associated with the primary outcome. In the non‐dementia cohort, respiratory medicines (IRR 1.03, CI 1.00–1.05), proton‐pump inhibitors (IRR 1.06, CI 1.04–1.08), opioids (IRR 1.05, CI 1.03–1.07), and antidepressants (IRR 1.06, CI 1.04–1.08) were associated with the primary outcome.ConclusionsAlthough there were differences in prescription patterns, the model performed similarly in both those with and without dementia.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy: A single‐center experience “Better prognosis in earlier stage”
Authors: Yalcin Koray , Çelen Suna S. , Daloglu Hayriye , Demir Mustafa Kemal , Öztürkmen Seda , Pasayev Dayanat , Zhumatayev Suleimen , Uygun Vedat , Hazar Volkan , Karasu Gulsun , Yesilipek Akif 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundALD is a rare X‐linked peroxisomal metabolic disorder with many distinct phenotypes of disease that emerge on a wide scale from adrenal insufficiency to fatal cALD which progresses to a vegetative state within a few years. Currently, HSCT is the only treatment method known to stabilize disease progression in patients with cALD. In this study, we aim to report our HSCT experience in patients with cALD and the factors that determine the success of HSCT, as a single‐center experience.MethodsThe study cohort involves 23 boys with cALD and three patients with ALD trait and new‐onset abnormal behavior who underwent allogeneic HSCT between January 2012 and September 2019 in our transplantation center. Loes scoring, NFS, scale and MFD were performed for evaluating the severity of the cerebral disease. The study cohort was divided into two groups according to baseline NFS and Loes score: early‐stage (NFS ≤ 1 and Loes score <9) and advanced stage (NFS > 1 or Loes score ≥9).ResultsThe pretransplant stage of disease impacted both OS and MFD‐free survival. The estimated OS and MFD‐free survival at 3 years in patients with advanced disease were 46.1% (95% CI 19.0–73.2) and 23.1% (95% CI 0.2–46.0), respectively, and all patients with the early disease were alive (p: .004) and MFD‐free (p < .001) at 3 years.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that early HSCT is vital in patients with cALD. The early‐stage disease had a significant survival advantage and free from disease progression after HSCT.
Eye movements are not mandatorily preceded by the N2pc component
Authors: Talcott Travis N. , Gaspelin Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearchers typically distinguish between two mechanisms of attentional selection in vision: overt and covert attention. A commonplace assumption is that overt eye movements are automatically preceded by shifts of covert attention during visual search. Although the N2pc component is a putative index of covert attentional orienting, little is currently known about its relationship with overt eye movements. This is because most previous studies of the N2pc component prohibit overt eye movements. The current study assessed this relationship by concurrently measuring covert attention (via the N2pc) and overt eye movements (via eye tracking). Participants searched displays for a lateralized target stimulus and were allowed to generate overt eye movements during the search. We then assessed whether overt eye movements were preceded by the N2pc component. The results indicated that saccades were preceded by an N2pc component, but only when participants were required to carefully inspect the target stimulus before initiating the eye movement. When participants were allowed to make naturalistic eye movements in service of visual search, there was no evidence of an N2pc component before eye movements. These findings suggest that the N2pc component does not always precede overt eye movements during visual search. Implications for understanding the relationship between covert and overt attention are discussed.
Caring for patients with end‐stage renal disease during COVID‐19 lockdown: What (additional) challenges to family caregivers?
Authors: Sousa Helena , Frontini Roberta , Ribeiro Oscar , Paúl Constança , Costa Elísio , Amado Leonilde , Miranda Vasco , Ribeiro Fernando , Figueiredo Daniela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCaring for a patient with end‐stage renal disease undergoing in‐centre haemodialysis can be a stressful experience, likely to involve significant burden. Within the context of the new coronavirus pandemic, these patients are highly vulnerable to infection by COVID‐19, which might increase the care demands and burden of family caregivers.AimThis study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of family caregivers of non‐COVID‐19 patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing in‐centre haemodialysis during the COVID‐19 lockdown.Study designA qualitative study was performed with a purposive sample.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 19 family caregivers (50.7 ± 14 years old) of patients undergoing in‐centre haemodialysis in April 2020.FindingsFour major themes were identified: (1) emotional distress; (2) changes in caregiving responsibilities; (3) educational and supportive needs; and (4) coping strategies to deal with the outbreak and with the lockdown.DiscussionThe findings suggest that family caregivers of patients undergoing in‐centre haemodialysis have to manage several additional care responsibilities due to COVID‐19 lockdown. The dialysis team should consider the development of educational and supportive interventions to meet family caregivers’ needs, mitigate emotional distress, fears and concerns, and prevent caregiver burden during the COVID‐19 pandemic.