bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Western Australian rural nursing graduates: A mixed method analysis
Authors: Graf Amanda C. , Nattabi Barbara , Jacob Elisabeth , Twigg Diane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine whether the current rural graduate programmes in Western Australia adequately support new graduate nurses transitioning into practice.BackgroundGraduate nurse's transition to employment is a time of significant change and challenge, often resulting in periods of transition shock. These challenges are magnified in rural areas where graduates have to relocate to commence their career with limited rural nursing experience. Graduate programmes were developed to smooth the transition for university trained bachelor's degree registered nurses into the workforce. Supportive graduate nursing programmes are essential for enabling transition to practice and reduce attrition rates.DesignLongitudinal convergent mixed method parallel design was informed by Duchscher's transition stage model.MethodThematic analysis was applied to all interviews. COREQ checklist was completed. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse the survey responses.ResultsNew graduates cycled through both transition shock and honeymoon periods on commencement of employment, reporting high levels of satisfaction in simultaneity with signs of transition shock. Satisfaction dropped within 7 months indicating a transition crisis before an adjustment period occurred at the end of their graduate year. Limited resources were highlighted as obstacles to providing adequate support to rural graduate nurses.ConclusionThe honeymoon stage of transition co‐existed with transition shock at the commencement of graduate programmes, which may obscure the need for continuing adequate support. Inadequate and/or a lack of preceptorship was evident throughout the Western Australian rural graduate programmes. Graduate programmes need to be structured but flexible to allow for individual differences in graduates’ and clinical contexts.Relevance to clinical practiceStructured but flexible graduate programmes allow for individual differences in graduates and clinical situations. New graduate nurses would benefit from a break midway through their graduate year to assist and overcome the transition crisis stage. Education of nurses undertaking the preceptor role is required to deliver adequate support to graduate nurses and decrease transition shock.
Generalizing across auxiliary, statistical, and inferential assumptions
Authors: Trafimow David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a long history of discussion about the ability of researchers to generalize their findings. But findings are not the only entity that researchers can attempt to generalize. Scientists have theories, empirical hypotheses, and statistical hypotheses too. The extent to which scientists can generalize these is an open issue. As a prerequisite to proposals about generalizing theories, empirical hypotheses, and statistical hypotheses; they must be distinguished from each other. Another prerequisite is to specify, across what, the researcher wishes to generalize. I show that theories may or may not generalize across auxiliary assumptions, empirical hypotheses may or may not generalize across statistical assumptions, and statistical hypotheses may or may not generalize across inferential assumptions. The reasoning to be presented, pertaining to generalization, militates against the typical practice of using p‐values to draw conclusions about hypotheses.
Feasibility, complications, and quality of visualization using video capsule endoscopy in 40 dogs with overt or questionable gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Stiller Jenny , Defarges Alice M. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Bersenas Alexa M. E. , Pearl David L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundProspective studies describing video capsule endoscopy (VCE), its feasibility, and complications in dogs are limited.ObjectiveTo assess VCE, quality of visualization, complications, and risk factors for incomplete studies in dogs with overt or questionable gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).AnimalsForty dogs with overt or questionable GIB.MethodsProspective, multicenter, interventional study. From August 2017 to March 2020, dogs were examined by VCE (ALICAM) because of overt or questionable GIB. Reported outcomes included diagnostic results of VCE study, quality of visualization, and complications. Risk factors for incomplete studies were evaluated using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 40 dogs (13 overt, 27 questionable GIB) were included. The capsules were administered PO in 29 and endoscopically in 11 dogs (6 duodenum, 5 stomach). One capsule was not retrieved. In 24 of 39 recordings, bleeding lesions were identified (10 overt GIB, 14 questionable GIB). Overall, the quality of visualization was poor to limited in the stomach and colon, and adequate to good in the small intestine. The most common complication was an incomplete study in 15/39 studies, particularly after oral administration (13/28). Risk factors for incomplete study after oral administration included administration of simethicone or opioids, chronic enteropathy, and capsule gastric transit time >6 hours.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVideo capsule endoscopy can be used to diagnose a variety of lesions causing bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs with questionable GIB. Incomplete studies are the most common complications in dogs after oral administration of capsules.
Comparison of thoracic ultrasonography and thoracic radiography to detect active infectious bronchopneumonia in hospitalized dairy calves
Authors: Berman Julie , Masseau Isabelle , Fecteau Gilles , Buczinski Sébastien , Francoz David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe best test between thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) and thoracic radiography (TR) or the best combination of tests (series or parallel) to detect active infectious bronchopneumonia (BP) in hospitalized dairy calves remains unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo estimate performances of TUS and TR to detect active BP in hospitalized dairy calves and to determine the best strategy for using these tests based on a panel diagnosis method (PDM). Performances of TUS and TR were hypothesized to be equivalent.AnimalsFifty hospitalized dairy calves (≥7 days old; ≤100 kg; standing; pCO2 ≥ 53 mm Hg; any reason of presentation).MethodsEach calf prospectively and sequentially underwent physical examination, thoracic auscultation, blood analyses, and TUS and TR. Three blinded experts determined whether active BP was present/absent based on PDM. Krippendorff's alpha measured interexpert agreement. The sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) of TUS and TR alone and in series or parallel were compared (McNemar's test;P < .05).ResultsInterexpert agreement was moderate at 0.58 (95%CI: 0.42; 0.73). The Se and Sp of TUS were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.60; 0.97) and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.57; 0.86), respectively. The Se and Sp of TR were 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67; 0.99) and 0.58 (95%CI: 0.39; 0.75), respectively. No significant difference was found in the Se and Sp of TUS and TR when analyzed alone, in series or in parallel.ConclusionThoracic ultrasonography or TR alone equally detected active BP in hospitalized dairy calves. Series or parallel analysis provided no additional benefit. Its ease of use and widespread accessibility support using TUS as a first‐line test to detect active BP in hospitalized dairy calves.
Cardiac diagnostic test results and outcomes in 44 dogs naturally infected withTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Matthews Derek J. , Saunders Ashley B. , Meyers Alyssa C. , Gordon Sonya G. , Hamer Sarah A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe protozoal parasiteTrypanosoma cruzicauses myocarditis in dogs.ObjectivesTo describe the cardiac diagnostic test results and outcomes of dogs naturally infected withT. cruzi.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs with an indirect fluorescent antibody test result forT. cruzi≥1 : 80. Data collected included signalment, cardiac diagnostic test results (ECG, echocardiography, cardiac troponin I) and outcome. Outcomes were categorized as alive, dead (cardiac or noncardiac) or lost to follow up.ResultsECG abnormalities were present in 41 dogs with ventricular arrhythmias (n = 28) and atrioventricular block (AVB) (n = 15) most commonly identified. Echocardiographic chamber enlargement was present in 28 dogs and most often included the right ventricle (RV) (n = 15) and left atrium (n = 12). Troponin was ≥2 times the reference range in 20/36 (56%) dogs. In univariate analysis using nonparametric Kaplan‐Meier, ventricular arrhythmias with a modified Lown score ≥2 (P = .02), presence of AVB (P = .04), and RV enlargement (P = .006) were associated with decreased survival times. Right ventricular enlargement (HR 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4‐9.3;P = .007) and higher body weight at presentation (HR 1.0; 95% CI 1.0‐1.1;P = .04) were associated with decreased time to death in the final explanatory multivariable model.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiac abnormalities were common and variable, and RV enlargement was associated with shorter survival time. A diagnostic evaluation that includes screening for arrhythmias, echocardiography, and cTnI can provide useful information related to the characterization of heart disease in dogs seropositive forT. cruzi.
Platelet number and function in response to a single intravenous dose of vincristine
Authors: Allen Erin C. , Tarigo Jaime L. , LeVine Dana N. , Barber Jamie P. , Brainard Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVincristine might increase circulating platelet numbers but the functional capacity of these newly released platelets is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the functionality of mature and immature (reticulated) platelets after a single intravenous dose of vincristine in dogs.AnimalsTen healthy purpose‐bred dogs.MethodsDogs prospectively received a single IV injection of 0.02 mg/kg vincristine or 0.9% saline. Before and after treatment on days 3, 5, and 7, platelets (resting and after thrombin stimulation) were assessed by flow cytometric determination of P‐selectin (CD62P) expression. Reticulated platelets were distinguished using thiazole orange (TO) staining.ResultsRelative to saline, vincristine administration increased platelet count from day 0 to day 7 (225 ± 58 to 273 ± 65 × 103/μL, vs 299 ± 76.4 to 214 ± 20 × 103/μL,P = .01) and increased percentage of reticulated platelets from day 0 to day 5 (3.9 ± 1.5% to 6.1 ± 1.6%,P = .02). On all days, reticulated platelets had greater resting expression of CD62P than did mature platelets (49.6 ± 4% vs 10.2 ± 1%,P ≤ .001). Across all days, CD62P expression by reticulated platelets in the vincristine and saline‐treated groups was not different when unstimulated (P = .7) or after thrombin stimulation (P = .33).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceReticulated platelets released in response to vincristine administration function similarly to mature platelets.
Circulating trimethylamine‐N‐oxide is associated with all‐cause mortality in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Flores‐Guerrero Jose L. , Post Adrian , van Dijk Peter R. , Connelly Margery A. , Garcia Erwin , Navis Gerjan , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Dullaart Robin P. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsTrimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota‐liver metabolite, has been associated with cardiometabolic disease. However, whether TMAO is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD‐related health outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of TMAO with NAFLD and to assess the extent to which the association of TMAO with all‐cause mortality is dependent on the presence of NAFLD in the general population.MethodsWe included 5292 participants enrolled in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort study. Cox proportional‐hazards regression analyses were performed to study the association of TMAO with all‐cause mortality in subjects with and without a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, which was used as a proxy of NAFLD.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 8.2 years, 307 subjects died, of whom 133 were classified with NAFLD. TMAO was positively and independently associated with baseline FLI (Std β 0.08, 95% CI 0.05, 0.11, P < .001). Higher TMAO was associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD, in crude analysis (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 2.55, 95% CI 1.60, 4.05, P < .001) and after full adjustment (adjHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.18, 3.04, P = .008). Such an association was not present in subjects without NAFLD (crude HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.81, 1.71, P = .39; adjHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.65, 1.39, P = .78).ConclusionThis prospective study revealed that plasma concentrations of TMAO were associated with all‐cause mortality in subjects with NAFLD, independently of traditional risk factors.
Quality of phytoplankton deposition structures bacterial communities at the water‐sediment interface
Authors: Izabel‐Shen Dandan , Albert Séréna , Winder Monika , Farnelid Hanna , Nascimento Francisco J. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton comprises a large fraction of the vertical carbon flux to deep water via the sinking of particulate organic matter (POM). However, despite the importance of phytoplankton in the coupling of benthic‐pelagic productivity, the extent to which its deposition in the sediment affects bacterial dynamics at the water‐sediment interface is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a microcosm experiment in which varying mixtures of diatom and cyanobacteria, representing phytoplankton‐derived POM of differing quality, served as inputs to sediment cores. Characterization of 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial communities at the water‐sediment interface showed that bacterial α‐diversity was not affected by POM addition, while bacterial β‐diversity changed significantly along the POM quality gradient, with the variation driven by changes in relative abundance rather than in taxon replacement. Analysing individual taxa abundances across the POM gradient revealed two distinct bacterial responses, in which taxa within either diatom‐ or cyanobacteria‐favoured groups were more phylogenetically closely related to one another than other taxa found in the water. Moreover, there was little overlap in taxon identity between sediment and water communities, suggesting the minor role played by sediment bacteria in influencing the observed changes in bacterial communities in the overlying water. Together, these results showed that variability in phytoplankton‐originated POM can impact bacterial dynamics at the water‐sediment interface. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the potential interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria in benthic‐pelagic coupling in efforts to understand the structure and function of bacterial communities under a changing climate.
Cauliflower mosaic virus protein P6‐TAV plays a major role in alteration of aphid vector feeding behaviour but not performance on infected Arabidopsis
Authors: Chesnais Quentin , Verdier Maxime , Burckbuchler Myriam , Brault Véronique , Pooggin Mikhail , Drucker Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that viral infection modifies host plant traits that in turn alter behaviour and performance of vectors colonizing the plants in a way conducive for transmission of both nonpersistent and persistent viruses. Similar evidence for semipersistent viruses like cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is scarce. Here we compared the effects of Arabidopsis infection with mild (CM) and severe (JI) CaMV isolates on the feeding behaviour (recorded by the electrical penetration graph technique) and fecundity of the aphid vector Myzus persicae. Compared to mock‐inoculated plants, feeding behaviour was altered similarly on CM‐ and JI‐infected plants, but only aphids on JI‐infected plants had reduced fecundity. To evaluate the role of the multifunctional CaMV protein P6‐TAV, aphid feeding behaviour and fecundity were tested on transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing wild‐type (wt) and mutant versions of P6‐TAV. In contrast to viral infection, aphid fecundity was unchanged on all transgenic lines, suggesting that other viral factors compromise fecundity. Aphid feeding behaviour was modified on wt P6‐CM‐, but not on wt P6‐JI‐expressing plants. Analysis of plants expressing P6 mutants identified N‐terminal P6 domains contributing to modification of feeding behaviour. Taken together, we show that CaMV infection can modify both aphid fecundity and feeding behaviour and that P6 is only involved in the latter.
Chloroplast quality control pathways are dependent on plastid DNA synthesis and nucleotides provided by cytidine triphosphate synthase two
Authors: Alamdari Kamran , Fisher Karen E. , Tano David W. , Rai Snigdha , Palos Kyle , Nelson Andrew D. L. , Woodson Jesse D. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts cause oxidative damage, but also signal to initiate chloroplast quality control pathways, cell death, and gene expression. The Arabidopsis thaliana plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2) mutant produces the ROS singlet oxygen in chloroplasts that activates such signaling pathways, but the mechanisms are largely unknown.

Here we characterize one fc2 suppressor mutation and map it to CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE TWO (CTPS2), which encodes one of five enzymes in Arabidopsis necessary for de novo cytoplasmic CTP (and dCTP) synthesis.

The ctps2 mutation reduces chloroplast transcripts and DNA content without similarly affecting mitochondria. Chloroplast nucleic acid content and singlet oxygen signaling are restored by exogenous feeding of the dCTP precursor deoxycytidine, suggesting ctps2 blocks signaling by limiting nucleotides for chloroplast genome maintenance. An investigation of CTPS orthologs in Brassicaceae showed CTPS2 is a member of an ancient lineage distinct from CTPS3. Complementation studies confirmed this analysis; CTPS3 was unable to compensate for CTPS2 function in providing nucleotides for chloroplast DNA and signaling.

Our studies link cytoplasmic nucleotide metabolism with chloroplast quality control pathways. Such a connection is achieved by a conserved clade of CTPS enzymes that provide nucleotides for chloroplast function, thereby allowing stress signaling to occur.
Validation of healthcare professional proxy‐reported children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale
Authors: Treister Nathaniel S. , Nieder Michael , Baggott Christina , Olson Ellen , Lo Tammy , Jin Xichen , Gao Yun , Chen Lu , Dang Ha , Sung Lillian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to describe the reliability and validity of the healthcare professional proxy‐report version of the Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES).MethodsWe included pediatric patients who were between 4 and 21 years of age and scheduled to undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. Mucositis was evaluated by trained healthcare professionals who scored ChIMES, the World Health Organization oral toxicity scale, mouth, and throat pain visual analogue scale, National Cancer Institute—Common Terminology Criteria and the Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire. Measures were completed daily and evaluated on days 7–17 post‐stem cell infusion for this analysis. Psychometric properties examined were internal consistency, test–retest reliability (days 13 and 14), and convergent construct validity.ResultsThere were 192 participants included. Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 for ChIMES Total Score and 0.93 for ChIMES Percentage Score. Test–retest reliability were as follows: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.85) for ChIMES Total Score and ICC 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.86) for ChIMES Percentage Score. In terms of construct validation, all correlations between measures met or exceeded those hypothesized (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe healthcare professional proxy‐report version of ChIMES is reliable and valid for children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Observing frugivores or collecting scats: a method comparison to construct quantitative seed dispersal networks
Authors: Schlautmann Jan , Rehling Finn , Albrecht Jörg , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Schabo Dana G. , Farwig Nina 
Published: May 2021

Mutualistic interactions form the basis for many ecological processes and are often analyzed within the framework of ecological networks. These interactions can be sampled with a range of methods and first analyses of pollination networks sampled with different methods showed differences in common network metrics. However, it is yet unknown if metrics of seed dispersal networks are similarly affected by the sampling method and if different methods detect a complementary set of frugivores. This is necessary to better understand the (dis‐)advantages of each method and to identify the role of each frugivore for the seed dispersal process.Here, we compare seed removal networks based on the observation of 2189 frugivore visits on ten focal plant species with seed deposition networks constructed by DNA barcoding of plant seeds in 3094 frugivore scats. We were interested in whether both methods identify the same disperser species and if species‐level network metrics of plant species were correlated between network types.Both methods identified the same avian super‐generalist frugivores, which accounted for the highest number of dispersed seeds. However, only with DNA barcoding, we detected elusive but frequent mammalian seed dispersers. The overall networks created by both methods were congruent but the plant species' degree, their interaction frequency and their specialization index (d′) differed.Our study suggests that DNA barcoding of defecated and regurgitated seeds can be used to construct quantitative seed deposition networks similar to those constructed by focal observations. To improve the overall completeness of seed dispersal networks it might be useful to combine both methods to detect interactions by both birds and mammals. Most importantly, the DNA barcoding method provides information on the post‐dispersal stage and thus on the qualitative contribution of each frugivore for the plant community thereby linking species interactions to regeneration dynamics of fleshy‐fruited plant species.
Toward a positive theory of public participation in government: Variations in New York City's participatory budgeting
Authors: Shybalkina Iuliia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNormative research on public participation in government related to desirable amounts and modes of participation has been flourishing. However, positive research explaining variations in real‐world participation processes, while gaining momentum, is still thin and fragmented. This article aims to further the positive perspective by examining differences in participatory budgeting (PB) and the reasons for these differences in six New York City council districts based on fieldwork and secondary sources. The evidence suggests that district offices were invested in PB to gain strategic advantages, such as answering calls for political renewal, recovering from a mismanagement scandal, and signaling progressive values. Similarly, civil society organizations steered their resources toward PB only if they were interested in agenda items and in doing work with as opposed to against public officials. In the end, this study discusses implications for positive research and possible external interventions to achieve more even participation standards.