bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Examination of Collaborative Infrastructure within Sexual Assault Response Teams
Authors: Wegrzyn Annie , Greeson Megan R. , Mihelicova Martina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSexual assault response teams (SARTs) are multidisciplinary interventions that seek to improve the response to sexual assault in their community. SARTs bring together relevant stakeholders (e.g., sexual assault advocates, medical/forensic examiners, police, prosecutors) to coordinate the response to sexual assault and improve survivors’ help‐seeking experiences. SARTs may adopt various infrastructures to guide their team (e.g., case review, subcommittees), but little is known about how infrastructure influences SART effectiveness. Therefore, this qualitative study examined the helpful versus challenging aspects of SART infrastructure. Interviews from a national random sample of 169 SART leaders revealed helpful versus challenging aspects of mission statements, formal protocols, subcommittees, team roles, trainings, meetings, and case review. Participants believed infrastructures have positive influences on interdisciplinary relationships, team efficiency, and creating improvements in responding to sexual assault. However, certain infrastructures were difficult to implement for some teams. Additionally, some infrastructures can have unintended consequences, such as exacerbating team conflict. Findings suggest that SARTs may benefit from first focusing on infrastructures that build trusting interdisciplinary relationships and widespread buy‐in prior to implementing accountability‐focused measures (e.g., protocols, case review).
Design of ethylene oxide production process based on adaptive design of experiments and Bayesian optimization
Authors: Iwama Ryo , Kaneko Hiromasa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn process design, the values of design variables X for equipment and operating conditions should be appropriately selected for entire processes, including all unit operations, such as reactors and distillation columns, to consider effects between unit operations. However, as the number of X increases, many more simulations are required to search for the optimal X values. Furthermore, multiple objective variables Y, such as yields, make the optimization problem difficult. We propose a process design method based on adaptive design of experiments and Bayesian optimization. Selection of X values that satisfy the target values of multiple Y variables are searched, and simulations for the selected X values are then repeated. Therefore, the X will be selected by a small number of simulations. We verify the effectiveness of this method by simulating an ethylene oxide production plant.
Novel Insight into Proximal DNA Domain Interactions from Temperature‐Controlled Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pruška Adam , Marchand Adrien , Zenobi Renato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuadruplexes are non‐canonical nucleic acid structures essential for many cellular processes. Hybrid quadruplex–duplex oligonucleotide assemblies comprised of multiple domains are challenging to study with conventional biophysical methods due to their structural complexity. Here, we introduce a novel method based on native mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with a custom‐built temperature‐controlled nanoelectrospray ionization (TCnESI) source designed to investigate interactions between proximal DNA domains. Thermal denaturation experiments were aimed to study unfolding of multi‐stranded oligonucleotide constructs derived from biologically relevant structures and to identify unfolding intermediates. Using the TCnESI MS, we observed changes in Tm and thermodynamic characteristics of proximal DNA domains depending on the number of domains, their position, and order in a single experiment.
LiZn(OH)CO3: A Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Hydroxycarbonate Designed from a Diamond‐like Structure
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Kang Lei , Gong Pifu , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are vital to the development of science and state‐of‐the‐art technologies, but the exploration of these important optoelectronic materials is hindered by the contradiction between NLO effect and energy band gap as well as the sensitivity of DUV phase‐matching to optical birefringence. Here, in order to achieve a well balanced DUV NLO performance, we chose the diamond‐like structure as the prototype template for the material design and synthesized the first DUV NLO hydroxycarbonate crystal, LiZn(OH)CO3. This compound simultaneously has a wide band gap (>6.53 eV), a strong second harmonic generation response (ca. 3.2×KDP), and a large birefringence (0.147 at 1064 nm) with the shortest DUV phase‐matching capability (λPM<190 nm) among all reported NLO carbonates. Moreover, the structure–property relationships in LiZn(OH)CO3 are analyzed by first‐principles calculations. This work presents an effective design strategy to push the NLO performance of hydroxycarbonates into the DUV region.
Self‐Assembly of Copper–DNAzyme Nanohybrids for Dual‐Catalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Congzhi , Chen Yaoxuan , Zhao Jian , Wang Yong , Shao Yulei , Gu Zhanjun , Li Lele , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the great efforts of using DNAzyme for gene therapy, its clinical success is limited by the lack of simple delivery systems and limited anticancer efficacy. Here, we develop a simple approach for the synthesis of hybrid nanostructures that exclusively consist of DNAzyme and Cu2+ with ultra‐high loading capacity. The Cu–DNAzyme nanohybrids allow to effectively co‐deliver DNAzyme and Cu2+ into cancer cells for combinational catalytic therapy. The released Cu2+ can be reduced to Cu+ by glutathione and then catalyze endogenous H2O2 to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), while the 10–23 DNAzyme enables the catalytic cleavage of VEGFR2 mRNA and activates gene silencing for gene therapy. We demonstrate that the system can efficiently accumulate in the tumor and exhibit amplified cascade antitumor effects with negligible systemic toxicity. Our work paves an extremely simple way to integrate DNAzyme with CDT for the dual‐catalytic tumor treatment.
Tuneable Control of Organocatalytic Activity through Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Li Guotai , Trausel Fanny , van der Helm Michelle P. , Klemm Benjamin , Brevé Tobias G. , van Rossum Susan A. P. , Hartono Muhamad , Gerlings Harm H. P. J. , Lovrak Matija , van Esch Jan H. , Eelkema Rienk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDynamic regulation of chemical reactivity is important in many complex chemical reaction networks, such as cascade reactions and signal transduction processes. Signal responsive catalysts could play a crucial role in regulating these reaction pathways. Recently, supramolecular encapsulation was reported to regulate the activities of artificial catalysts. We present a host‐guest chemistry strategy to modulate the activity of commercially available synthetic organocatalysts. The molecular container cucurbit[7]uril was successfully applied to change the activity of four different organocatalysts and one initiator, enabling up‐ or down‐regulation of the reaction rates of four different classes of chemical reactions. In most cases CB[7] encapsulation results in catalyst inhibition, however in one case catalyst activation by binding to CB[7] was observed. The mechanism behind this unexpected behavior was explored by NMR binding studies and pKa measurements. The catalytic activity can be instantaneously switched during operation, by addition of either supramolecular host or competitive binding molecules, and the reaction rate can be predicted with a kinetic model. Overall, this signal responsive system proves a promising tool to control catalytic activity.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine
Authors: Xin Zhengyuan , Wang Hui , He Haibing , Zhao Xiaoli , Gao Shuanhu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report herein the asymmetric total synthesis of norzoanthamine using radical reactions as key steps for rapid access to the congested carbocyclic core, which is the major synthetic challenge for most zoanthamine alkaloids. (1) The Ueno–Stork radical cyclization was applied to construct the adjacent quaternary centers at the C‐9 and C‐22 positions; (2) a Co‐catalyzed HAT radical reaction was successfully applied to construct the quaternary center at C‐12 via Csp3‐Csp2 bond formation; (3) a Mn‐catalyzed HAT radical reaction was used to stereospecifically reduce the tetra‐substituted olefin (C13=C18) and install the contiguous stereocenters in proximity to the quaternary center. A one‐pot bio‐inspired cyclization step was finally applied to forge the unstable bis‐amino acetal skeleton. Our approach can precisely control the stereochemistry of seven vicinal stereocenters and effectively construct the highly congested heptacyclic skeleton.
UV Solar‐Blind‐Region Phase‐Matchable Optical Nonlinearity and Anisotropy in a π‐Conjugated Cation‐Containing Phosphate
Authors: Wu Chao , Jiang Xingxing , Wang Zujian , Sha Hongyuan , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Long Xifa , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWide ultraviolet (UV) transparency, strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response, and sufficient optical birefringence for phase‐matching (PM) at short SHG wavelengths are vital for practical UV nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. However, simultaneously optimizing these properties is a major challenge, particularly for metal phosphates. Herein, we report a non‐traditional π‐conjugated cation‐based UV NLO phosphate [C(NH2)3]6(PO4)2⋅3 H2O (GPO) with a short UV cutoff edge. GPO is SHG active at 1064 nm (3.8 × KH2PO4 @ 1064 nm) and 532 nm (0.3 × β‐BaB2O4 @ 532 nm) and also possesses a significant birefringence (0.078 @ 546 nm) with a band gap >6.0 eV. The PM SHG capability of GPO can extend to 250 nm, indicating GPO is a promising UV solar‐blind NLO material. Calculations and crystal structure analysis show that the rare coexistence of wide UV transparency, large SHG response, and optical anisotropy is due to the introduction of π‐conjugated cations [C(NH2)3]+ and their favorable arrangement with [PO4]3− anions.
Full‐Color and White Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Hydrogen‐Bonded Ionic Organic Microcrystals
Authors: Li Zhong‐Qiu , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA simple and general method is presented herein for the in situ preparations of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active microcrystals with a large luminescence dissymmetry factor glum, high fluorescence quantum efficiency (ΦFL), wide emission color tenability, and well‐ordered morphology. The reactions of pyridine‐containing achiral molecules 1–7 with chiral camphor sulfonic acid ((±)‐CSA) gave crystalline microplates formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between the protonated pyridinium units and the sulfonic anions. The chiral information of CSA are effectively transferred to the microcrystals by hydrogen bonding to afford full‐color CPL from deep‐blue to red with glum in the order of 10−2 and ΦFL up to 80 %. Moreover, organic microcrystals with high‐performance white CPL (ΦFL=46 %; |glum|=0.025) are achieved via the light‐harvesting energy transfer between blue and yellow emitters.
Trypsin Inhibitor Assay: Expressing, Calculating, and Standardizing Inhibitor Activity in Absolute Amounts of Trypsin Inhibited or Trypsin Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Keshun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor expressing trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), trypsin units inhibited (TUI), trypsin inhibited, and trypsin inhibitors have been used. Although the last two units are preferred, their calculations in current practices require refinement. With the proposed AOCS method Ba 12a‐2020, four experiments were conducted, using four trypsin preparations having specific activity of 11,625, 12,602, 13,728, and 14,926 Nα‐benzoyl‐L‐arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) units/mg protein, respectively. Experiment 1 determined the relationship between absorbance at 410 nm (A410) and trypsin concentration. Experiment 2 involved assaying raw and heated soybeans, expressing TIA as TUI/mg sample and μg trypsin inhibited/mg sample, and determining conversion factors between the two units. Experiment 3 resembled Experiment 2 except for using purified soybean Kunitz inhibitor (KTI) and Bowman‐Birk inhibitor (BBI). Conversion factors determined correlated highly with trypsin‐specific activity (R2 = 0.9789). After standardizing against a reference trypsin having 15,000 BAEE units/mg protein, a standardized conversion factor of 0.03 A410 (1.5 TUI) = 1 μg trypsin inhibited was determined. It remained consistent regardless of trypsin specific activity, with or without inhibitors, and type of inhibitor samples. By using purified inhibitors (Experiment 3), conversion values between TUI and μg trypsin inhibitor and between μg trypsin inhibited and μg trypsin inhibitor could also be calculated, enabling expression of TIA in amounts of pure KTI, BBI or their equivalents. Furthermore, when the AOCS method was modified with half substrate concentration, half trypsin concentration or half both (Experiment 4), TIA values in TUI could change with modifications but values in mg trypsin inhibited (standardized) or trypsin inhibitor remained consistent.
Overflow oscillations‐free realization of discrete‐time 2D Roesser models under quantization and overflow constraints
Authors: Malik Saddam Hussain , Tufail Muhammad , Rehan Muhammad , Rashid Haroon ur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis brief proposes novel linear matrix inequalities‐based criteria to investigate the asymptotic convergence of states to an overflow oscillations‐free ellipsoidal region for a two‐dimensional Roesser digital model subjected to quantization and overflow effects of a digital hardware. Existence of a novel region for two‐dimensional Rosser systems is shown in the present study, in which overflow oscillations can be completely removed for realization of a system. New realization conditions for Roesser systems in the absence and presence of external interference along with stability and overflow‐free regional behavior are investigated by application of regional analysis, convex routines, and Lyapunov redesign. In contrast to existing literature that primarily focus on a specific type of quantitation and global asymptotic stability, the conditions in the presented work are derived by considering the generalized quantization arithmetic and for guaranteeing convergence of states in a convex oscillations‐free region (in the steady‐state) in both the absence and presence of bounded interference. The localized stable regions can be directly associated with the word‐length employed to realize the two‐dimensional systems on a digital hardware. Simulation results are also furnished to validate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Effects of Long‐Term Exposure of Intermediate Frequency Magnetic Fields (20 kHz, 360 µT) on the Development, Pathological Findings, and Behavior of Female Mice
Authors: Lerchl Alexander , Drees (née Grote) Karen , Gronau Isabel , Fischer Dirk , Bauch Julia , Hoppe Axel 
Published: April 2021

The use of magnetic fields in the intermediate‐frequency (IF) range to wirelessly charge electric cars with power transfer in the kilowatt range has become increasingly widespread, leading to unavoidable stray fields in the microtesla range. Only a handful of studies have assessed the potential biological risks associated with exposure to such fields. We exposed female mice (n = 80 per group) to either 20 kHz, 360 µT (rms), or sham in Helmholtz coils to conduct a blind design study. Exposure started at 3 months of age (24 h/day). Body mass was recorded every 1–2 weeks. At 10 months of age, three behavioral tests were performed on 24 animals per group. Three months later, the mice were sacrificed and organs (brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and lung) were removed and prepared for microscopic analysis. Our findings demonstrate no differences in the development of body mass and survival rates (96% and 89%, respectively). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in tumor incidence rates. When it comes to behavioral tests, the 8‐arm maze results revealed no significant differences. In contrast, the Rotarod data were significantly (P < 0.001) different with longer retention times seen in the exposed mice. In the open field, the number of supported rears was significantly lower (P < 0.01), whereas the other endpoints did not show any differences. Overall, our data reveal no adverse effects of exposure to 20 kHz, 360 µT on the development and tumor incidences, while the significant differences in the behavioral tests may indicate higher levels of alertness in mice.
Does adoption of ISO 56002‐2019 and green innovation reporting enhance the firm sustainable development goal performance? An emerging paradigm
Authors: Khan Parvez Alam , Johl Satirenjit Kaur , Johl Shireenjit K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReporting is a means of communication for companies to their respective stakeholders. The literature on non‐financial reporting has mostly focused on operational, Carbon Discloser Project (CDP), and environmental disclosure to firm performance. This reporting and disclosure approach adopted by companies in their sustainability practices appears to be a normative approach. However, there has been a growing demand by stakeholders to incorporate proactive approach in business activities. To meet that, green innovation practices (GIPs) has been integrated as a new element in environmental reporting, thereby reflecting the proactiveness of companies in their adoption of green innovation reporting (GIR). The objective of this study is to advocate for greater disclosure on sustainability reporting by incorporating the GIPs of companies and substantial, sustainable development goal contribution, along with the moderation of the newly upgraded ISO 56002‐2019 innovation management system. Adoption of green innovation reporting and ISO 56002‐2019 will enhance the level of transparency of business activities and create greater stakeholder confidence along with enhancing the firm's sustainable development of goal performance. Furthermore, an extensive literature review was undertaken to create a GIR framework (i.e., product, process, service and technology) for firms to integrate GIPs into sustainability reporting. The conceptual model proposed the adoption of green innovation reporting and ISO 56002‐2019 innovation management system to firm sustainable development goal. This needs to be injected into the sustainable reporting of companies to reflect their innovativeness, actual sustainable business practices and sustainable development goal performance for the firm.
Voluntary carbon offsetting and consumer choices for environmentally critical products—An experimental study
Authors: Warburg Johan , Frommeyer Britta , Koch Julia , Gerdt Sven‐Olaf , Schewe Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurchases of voluntary carbon offsets (VCOs) are growing tremendously. At the same time, the number of activities and products for which VCOs are available is increasing. Experts discuss whether offering VCOs is exclusively associated with positive effects on the environment or if it instead may lead to increased consumption of environmentally critical products. To date, empirical evidence on such adverse effects is scarce. Therefore, this study uses a randomized controlled trial design to investigate how the availability of VCOs affects consumers' choices for environmentally critical products. The results suggest that when VCOs are available, the likelihood of environmentally critical consumption increases. From a mental accounting perspective, our findings support the theoretical rationale of VCOs as an instrument for moral licensing. Additionally, our results indicate that individuals tend to trivialize the harmfulness of the environmentally critical product and overestimate the effectiveness of VCOs for environmental protection, which we consider strategies for reducing cognitive dissonance and guilt.
Antifungal Biphenyl Derivatives from Sorbus pohuashanensis Leaves Infected by Alternaria tenuissi and Their Effect against Crop Pathogens
Authors: Song Chenggang , Wang Xing , Yang Jian , Kuang Yi , Wang Yuxuan , Yang Shengxiang , Qin Jianchun , Guo Lanping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEight natural biphenyl‐type phytoalexins exhibiting antifungal effect were isolated from the leaves of Sorbus pohuashanensis, which invaded by Alternaria tenuissi, and their growth inhibition rate towards A. tenuissi were 50.3 %, 54.0 %, 66.4 %, 58.8 %, 48.5 %, 51.0 %, 33.3 %, and 37.0 %, respectively. In vivo activity assay verified the protective effect of these natural biphenyls on tobacco leaves. The observation of mycelial morphology revealed that these compounds possessed adverse effects on mycelial growth of A. tenuissi. Subsequently, the most potent active compounds, 3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxy[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐ol (3) and 3,4,4′,5‐tetramethoxy‐1,1′‐biphenyl (4), were conducted to the further antifungal evaluation and showed significant activity against the other four crop pathogens, Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium maydis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Exserohilum turcicum. Further, the structure‐activity relationships and biosynthesis of these compounds were speculated in this work.
Biochemical and Thermochemical Routes of H2 Production from Food Waste: A Comparative Review
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev , Singh Dharminder , Mohanty Pravakar , Sarangi Prakash Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogen production from food waste by biochemical and thermochemical methods is reviewed herein. Generally, fermentation, a biochemical method, is considered to be more suitable for hydrogen production from food waste, and the performance of fermentation units depends on many factors, e.g., substrate composition, type of pretreatment, reactor configuration, and operating parameters, e.g., organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, pH, and temperature. Controlling so many factors is tedious, expensive, and results in a slow process. On the other hand, thermochemical methods involve fewer factors and steps, can be much faster and less costly, and can also be used for efficient hydrogen production from food waste. Steam gasification has produced good hydrogen yields from raw food waste.
Contribution of Metal Additives on the Electrochemical Process Involving Solid Sulfur and Soluble Lithium Polysulfide in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kazahaya Natsuho , Katayama Yu , Tsutsumi Hiromori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have attracted remarkable attention as next‐generation batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific energy density. However, they have encountered several difficulties, including low specific capacity due to the insulating nature of sulfur as well as poor cycle performance. Here, we introduce the Li−S batteries using metal‐deposited graphite as a positive electrode, together with S8 and Li2S8 as active materials to achieve high initial discharge capacity and improved cyclability. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge measurements for the S8‐impregnated electrode highlight the positive effect of Au additives on the initial discharge capacity (mAh cm−3); 48.1 (G)<56.1 (Ag/G)<84.1 (Au/G). Furthermore, improved cyclability was observed for the Au‐decorated electrode with a Li2S8 catholyte system; capacity retention rate was in order of Ag/G<G<Au/G. The validity of the design strategy for both electrode and active material was confirmed by observing the highest discharge capacity at the 50th cycle for Au‐decorated electrode (84.8 mAh cm−3) using both S8 and Li2S8 active materials. We concluded that (1) the enhanced electrochemical solid⇄liquid conversion of sulfur and (2) high sulfur affinity of Au particle enabled the efficient utilization of insulated solid sulfur active materials (S8 and Li2S) as well as liquid lithium polysulfide intermediates, contributing to the high initial discharge capacity and better cyclability.