bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of copal resin and amber by negative‐ion electrospray ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Tian Yankuan , Sun Jia‐Nan , Jiang Bin , Zhan Zhao‐Wen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCopal resin and amber from Columbia were analysed by negative‐ion electrospray ionisation (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS), with particular focus on polar compounds with relatively high molecular weights. A total of 4038 and 2755 compounds were identified between m/z 150 and 1,000 in the spectra of the copal resin and amber DCM extracts, respectively. The CHO classes were the most abundant species in the detected polar compounds. The petrochemical process of converting copal resin to amber is accompanied by evaporation and dispersion of volatile molecules and polymerisation of relatively smaller molecules. Thus, the most abundant compounds in copal resin comprised more than one C5 basic unit compared to amber, and the relative abundances of compounds with a high number of carbon and oxygen atoms in amber were higher than those in copal resin. There were strong positive correlations between the double‐bond equivalence (DBEav) values and the number of oxygen atoms in both samples. The slopes and y‐intercepts of the linear relationship indicated that the C5 pentadienoic acid is the basic structure of heteroatom compound molecules in copal resin and amber. FT‐ICR MS analysis focuses on the characterisation of heteroatom compounds with relatively high molecular weight and is helpful to provide supplementary information on the origin and evolution of complex organic mixtures such as copal resin and amber at the molecular level in a fast and convenient way.
Multi‐coil electromagnets: An accurate magnetic equivalent circuit, cost, and energy management
Authors: Hashemi Ali , Yazdanpanah Qaraei Parsa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing nonintegrated multiple coils in an electromagnet is a way to manage energy and reduce maintenance costs. In order to model and analyze the lifting force and the magnetic field in different zone of the electromagnet, an exact magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is required. In this paper, an accurate MEC to analyze dual‐coil electromagnets is presented. MATLAB and ANSYS MAXWELL software are used to analyze the proposed MEC and simulate the magnetic field and the lifting force, respectively. In multi‐coil electromagnets, if a coil burns out, the electromagnet will still be able to lift the loads with a percentage of the nominal load weight. Also, it is only necessary to replace the burned coil, which reduces the maintenance costs of the electromagnet. Flexibility in winding excitation is another advantage of using multiple coils in electromagnets. In this case, one or more coils can be excited according to the weight of the load. This feature not only increases the lifetime of the coils but also reduces the energy consumption of the electromagnet and no need to use expensive power electronic converters to continuously control the current of coils. To evaluate the proposed MEC, the laboratory platform of an electromagnet was made to lift a load of 100 kg in the air gap of 2 mm and tested in two modes, single‐coil and dual‐coil. The analytical, simulation, and experimental results have very good agreement, indicating the high accuracy of the proposed MEC.
Analysis of behaviour and relationship of four daily precipitation concentration indices according to Mexico's precipitation
Authors: Núñez‐González Gerardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the field of precipitation concentration has garnered significant research interest owing to the importance of precipitation for economic activities related to agriculture, energy production, and drinking water supply management. For the study and characterization of precipitation concentration, different approaches have been defined, such as consideration of the concentration index (CI), Theil index (TI), Q index (QI), and precipitation concentration degree (PCD) index. However, in the literature, there is only one study that evaluates the performance of the CI and TI in conjunction on a spatial basis. Another study evaluates the behaviour of the QI and PCD indices on a temporal basis. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyse the behaviour of the four indices both on temporal and spatial scales according to Mexico's precipitation. Results show that the four indices can detect, in a similar manner, the concentration degree of regions with different rainfall regimes, each within its own variability. A lower range of variability was found for the TI, while the highest was found for the CI and the PCD index. In addition, the PCD index showed high sensitivity within its concentration degree when calculated for different time intervals. The results of the temporal and spatial correlation analysis show a very high correlation between the CI and TI, and moderate and low correlations among the other indices. Low correlations can be attributed to the differences in the theoretical bases of each index. Although low correlations were shown for some indices, the results indicate that these can be used in a complementary manner to improve the precipitation concentration analysis on temporal and spatial scales.
High‐resolution continuous‐wave coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy in a CO2‐filled hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Xiong Dongsheng , Bai Yusi , Zuo Duluo , Wang Xinbing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe demonstrated high‐resolution continuous‐wave (CW) coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy of gaseous samples in a single ring hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber. Pump beam and Stokes beam were provided by CW single longitudinal mode lasers. These narrow linewidth lasers brought the benefit of a spectral resolution of 99 MHz. The high resolution allowed a measurement of a linewidth 0.3 GHz of the ν1 transition of CO2 in a gas mixture with partial pressure of 0.15 MPa and total pressure of 0.9 MPa. Pump beam from a tunable dye laser and Stokes beam from an external cavity diode laser were coupled into the fiber containing gaseous CO2. Fundamental mode phase matching was achieved by tuning gas pressure. The long interaction length provided by the hollow fiber yielded a 60‐dB increase in the anti‐Stoke signal. The attained signal to noise ratio of the spectrum of ν1 component of 0.6‐MPa CO2 was ~25,000 with 152‐mW pump power and 1.4‐mW Stokes power.
Lily bulbs’ polyphenols extract ameliorates oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kan Juan , Hui Yaoyao , Xie Wangjing , Chen Cuicui , Liu Ying , Jin ChangHai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols have the potential to reduce the risk of many metabolic disorders. Lily bulbs are rich in polyphenols; however, their effects on lipid metabolism remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of lily bulbs’ polyphenols (LBPs) on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.RESULTSA total of 14 polyphenolic compounds in LBPs were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode‐array detection mass spectrometry. Total phenolic compound in LBPs was 53.76 ± 1.12 g kg−1 dry weight. In cellular experiments, LBPs attenuated the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, impeded reactive oxygen species production, alleviated oxidative stress, and reduced lipid accumulation in oleic acid induced HepG2 cells. In in vivo studies, LBPs significantly inhibited body weight gain, reduced lipid levels in serum and liver, and improved oxidative damage in a dose‐dependent manner in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Moreover, LBPs ameliorated hepatic steatosis and suppressed the expression of hepatic‐lipogenesis‐related genes (SREBP‐1c, FAS, ACC1, and SCD‐1) and promoted lipolysis genes (SRB1 and HL) and lipid oxidation genes (PPARα and CPT‐1) in mice fed a high‐fat diet.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that LBPs are a potential complementary therapeutic alternative in the development of functional foods to curb obesity and obesity‐related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating the feasibility of performing elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An observational study with 60 days follow‐up results of a tertiary referral pandemic hospital
Authors: Sozutek Alper , Seker Ahmet , Kuvvetli Adnan , Ozer Nazmi , Genc Ismail Caner 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has interfered with the treatment algorithm for patients with gastrointestinal (GIS) cancer, resulting in deferral of surgery. We presented the outcomes of our patients to evaluate whether surgery could be safely performed and followed‐up without delaying any stage of GIS cancer during the pandemic.MethodsThis was an observational study of 177 consecutive patients who underwent elective GIS cancer surgery between March 11 and November 1, 2020. They were assessed regarding their perioperative and 60 days follow‐up results for either surgical or COVID‐19 status. Morbidity was determined according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification (CDC). Continuous and categorical data were presented as median ± SD and number with percentage (%), respectively.ResultsThe study included 44 gastric, 33 pancreatic, 40 colon, and 59 rectal cancer patients. All patients underwent surgery and received neo/adjuvant treatments without delay. The overall morbidity (CDC grade II–IV) and mortality rates were 10.1% and 3.9%, respectively. None of the patients or medical staff were infected with COVID‐19 during the study period.ConclusionGIS cancer surgery can be safely performed even within a pandemic hospital if proper isolation measures can be achieved for both patients and health workers. Regardless of the tumor stage, surgery should not be deferred, depending on unstandardized algorithms.
Dissipation of tiafenacil in five types of citrus orchard soils using the HPLC‐MS coupled with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method
Authors: Gao Meizhu , Bian Chuanfei , Zhou Wenwen , Liu Lang , Li Baotong , Tang Limei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTiafenacil is a new contact herbicide and its environmental behavior after field application remains poorly understood. In order to understand the dissipation of tiafenacil in the soil, the tiafenacil dissipation experiment was conducted at citrus orchard sites in five provinces of China (Gansu, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Hainan) in 2019 and 2020 (July–August) and the relevant determination methods were optimized. The results showed that the established method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.01–0.5 mg/kg. The average recoveries of tiafenacil from the five soils were 86.31–101.66%, with coefficients of variation of 0.28–10.79%. The dissipation of tiafenacil at the five experimental sites conformed to the first‐order kinetic equation, Ct = C0 exp−kt (R2 = 0.8130 – 0.9967). The half‐life of tiafenacil ranged from 0.26 to 4.19 days. The dissipation rate of tiafenacil was positively correlated with soil organic matter content and negatively correlated with soil pH, while monthly average temperature and total rainfall were less influential than soil properties. Therefore, the established method was simple and effective for tiafenacil residue analysis in citrus orchard soils. Tiafenacil could readily dissipate in soil and might be a safe alternative to glyphosate for weed control in citrus orchards.
Comparing Long‐Term Outcomes in Tracheostomy Placed in the First Year of Life
Authors: Salley Jordan R. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Shah Gopi B. , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives//HypothesisTo characterize long‐term outcomes in pediatric patients requiring tracheotomy in the first year of life.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal registry of tracheostomy patients was queried for patients who underwent tracheotomy from birth to 11 months. Primary outcomes were decannulation and survival. Secondary outcomes included neurocognitive quality of life assessed with the PedsQL Family Impact Module (scored from worst to best, 0 to 100 points).ResultsThe study included 337 children. Thirty (8.90%) were neonates and 307 (91.10%) were infants. The population was 56.08% male (n = 189), and the racial and ethnicity composition were equally distributed (29.97% White, 31.45% Black, and 31.16% Hispanic). Significant differences between neonates and postneonates included birth weight in grams (2,731.40 vs. 1,950.44, P < .05), extreme prematurity (13.33% vs. 38.88%, P = .01), upper airway obstruction (80.00% vs. 42.67%, P < .05), and the need for mechanical ventilation (40.00% vs. 83.71%, P < .05). Despite these differences, long‐term outcomes were similar: decannulation (X2 = 2.19, P = .14), death (X2 = 2.63, P = .11), and neurocognitive quality of life (X2 = 2.63, P = .27). Having a child with a tracheostomy caused the most problems with being physically tired (mean = 75.32 ± 3.90), emotional frustration (mean = 77.31 ± 5.05), and worry (mean standard deviation = 74.23 ± 6.48).ConclusionThere were demographic differences between neonatal and infantile tracheostomy patients, but they did not affect long‐term outcomes. The presence of a tracheostomy caused a significant impact on a family's quality of life.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2115–2120, 2021
Quantitative clinical glycomics strategies: A guide for selecting the best analysis approach
Authors: Patabandige Milani W. , Pfeifer Leah D. , Nguyen Hanna T. , Desaire Heather 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlycans introduce complexity to the proteins to which they are attached. These modifications vary during the progression of many diseases; thus, they serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The immense structural diversity of glycans makes glycosylation analysis and quantitation difficult. Fortunately, recent advances in analytical techniques provide the opportunity to quantify even low‐abundant glycopeptides and glycans derived from complex biological mixtures, allowing for the identification of glycosylation differences between healthy samples and those derived from disease states. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different quantitative glycomics analysis methods is important for selecting the best strategy to analyze glycosylation changes in any given set of clinical samples. To provide guidance towards selecting the proper approach, we discuss four widely used quantitative glycomics analysis platforms, including fluorescence‐based analysis of released N‐linked glycans and three different varieties of MS‐based analysis: liquid chromatography (LC)‐mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of glycopeptides, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight MS, and LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of released N‐linked glycans. These methods' strengths and weaknesses are compared, particularly associated with the figures of merit that are important for clinical biomarker studies, including: the initial sample requirements, the methods' throughput, sample preparation time, the number of species identified, the methods' utility for isomer separation and structural characterization, method‐related challenges associated with quantitation, repeatability, the expertise required, and the cost for each analysis. This review, therefore, provides unique guidance to researchers who endeavor to undertake a clinical glycomics analysis by offering insights on the available analysis technologies.
Challenges in Clinicogenetic Correlations: One Phenotype – Many Genes
Authors: Gannamani Rahul , van der Veen Sterre , van Egmond Martje , de Koning Tom J. , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn the field of movement disorders, what you see (phenotype) is seldom what you get (genotype). Whereas 1 phenotype was previously associated to 1 gene, the advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated an exponential increase in disease‐causing genes and genotype–phenotype correlations, and the “one‐phenotype‐many‐genes” paradigm has become prominent.ObjectivesTo highlight the “one‐phenotype‐many‐genes” paradigm by discussing the main challenges, perspectives on how to address them, and future directions.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of the various aspects involved in identifying the underlying molecular cause of a movement disorder phenotype.ResultsThe notable challenges are (1) the lack of gold standards, overlap in clinical spectrum of different movement disorders, and variability in the interpretation of classification systems; (2) selecting which patients benefit from genetic tests and the choice of genetic testing; (3) problems in the variant interpretation guidelines; (4) the filtering of variants associated with disease; and (5) the lack of standardized, complete, and up‐to‐date gene lists. Perspectives to address these include (1) deep phenotyping and genotype–phenotype integration, (2) adherence to phenotype‐specific diagnostic algorithms, (3) implementation of current and complementary bioinformatic tools, (4) a clinical‐molecular diagnosis through close collaboration between clinicians and genetic laboratories, and (5) ongoing curation of gene lists and periodic reanalysis of genetic sequencing data.ConclusionsDespite the rapidly emerging possibilities of NGS, there are still many steps to take to improve the genetic diagnostic yield. Future directions, including post‐NGS phenotyping and cohort analyses enriched by genotype–phenotype integration and gene networks, ought to be pursued to accelerate identification of disease‐causing genes and further improve our understanding of disease biology.
Repeatability of multinuclear interleaved acquisitions with nuclear Overhauser enhancement effect in dynamic experiments in the calf muscle at 3T
Authors: Lopez Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , Marty Benjamin , Giacomini Eric , Meyerspeer Martin , Carlier Pierre G. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the repeatability of multinuclear interleaved 1H/31P NMR dynamic acquisitions in skeletal muscle and the impact of nuclear Overhauser enhancement (nOe) on the 31P results at 3T in exercise‐recovery and ischemia‐hyperemia paradigms.MethodsA 1H/31P interleaved pulse sequence was used to measure every 2.5 s a perfusion‐weighted image, a map, a 31P spectrum and 32 1H spectra sensitive to deoxymyoglobin. 21 subjects performed a plantar flexion exercise and after recovery underwent an 8‐min lower leg ischemia. The procedure was repeated in visit 2 with 12 subjects. An additional exercise bout without 1H excitation was appended to visit 1. Individual 1H RF pulse nOe was measured at rest in every visit.ResultsRepeatability scores (coefficient of variation, Bland‐Altman analysis) were similar to those found in the literature using similar mono‐nuclear acquisitions. |Pi]/[PCr], pH drop, creatine rephosphorylation rate (τPCr), maximum perfusion, time to peak perfusion, and blood flow post‐exercise showed high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7), whereas hemodynamic results from reactive hyperemia showed higher repeatability. After accounting for nOe, which increased Pi and PCr signal‐to‐noise ratio by 30%, no differences in 31P results were observed between interleaved and 31P MRS‐only acquisitions. τPCr was unaffected by nOe.ConclusionThe method shows good repeatability for both paradigms while simultaneously providing multiple dynamic data sets on a clinical scanner. The nOe effects were accounted for on a per‐subject and per‐visit basis using a short 31P reference scan. This multiparametric approach has a multitude of applications for the study of oxygen utilization and ATP turnover in the muscle.
Effects of Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine and Fam-Trastuzumab Deruxtecan on Metastatic Breast Cancer Harboring HER2 Amplification and the L755S Mutation
Authors: Mukohara Toru , Hosono Ako , Mimaki Sachiyo , Nakayama Akiko , Kusuhara Shota , Funasaka Chikako , Nakao Takehiro , Fukasawa Yoko , Kondoh Chihiro , Harano Kenichi , Naito Yoichi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Kuwata Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Somatic mutations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are present in approximately 3% of breast cancers. Some HER2 mutations are activating, and they represent a mechanism of resistance to conventional anti-HER2 therapies such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. Consistently, in patients with HER2-amplified breast cancer, these mutations are predominantly observed in metastatic tumors obtained after exposure to anti-HER2 systemic therapies, possibly after clonal selection. Therefore, it is rare to find coexistent HER2 mutation and amplification in the early clinical course, and thus, the clinical relevance of HER2 mutation to the sensitivity to HER2-targeted drugs, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and the recently approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), remains unclear. In this article, we describe a patient with de novo metastatic breast cancer who exhibited both HER2 amplification and the L755S mutation in the untreated primary breast tumor obtained at the initial diagnosis, and the lesion responded to T-DM1 and T-DXd after exhibiting clinical resistance to other HER2-targeted drugs. Our current case findings suggested that anti-HER2 ADCs should be prioritized over conventional trastuzumab- or lapatinib-based therapies for patients with HER2-amplified and comutated tumors.

Key Points
Although HER2 mutations were implicated in resistance to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies or HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in preclinical studies, their clinical impact on sensitivity to anti-HER2 drugs is unclear owing to the rarity of concomitant HER2 mutation and HER2 amplification. A case of de novo metastatic breast cancer harboring both HER2 amplification and the L755S mutation in an untreated breast primary tumor displayed clinical resistance to standard trastuzumab- or lapatinib-based therapies but good responses to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates such as T-DM1 and T-DXd may be prioritized over conventional trastuzumab- or lapatinib-containing therapies for patients with HER2-amplified and comutated tumors.
Chalcogenido‐Dimethylgallates and ‐Indates DMPyr2[Me2M(μ2−E)]2 (M=Ga, In; E=S, Se): Building Blocks for Higher and Lower Order Chalcogenidoindates
Authors: Guschlbauer Jannick , Vollgraff Tobias , Finger Lars H. , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetalation of the anions in the ionic liquids DMPyr[SH] and DMPyr[SeH] (DMPyr=1,1‐dimethylpyrrolidinium) by trimethylgallium and trimethylindium is investigated. The reaction proceeds via pre‐coordination of [EH]−, methane elimination and formation of an unprecedented series of chalcogenido metalates DMPyr2[Me2M(μ2−E)]2 (M=Ga, In; E=S, Se). These show the presences of dinuclear dianions with four‐membered ring structures displaying highly nucleophilic bridging chalcogenide ligands in their crystallographically determined molecular structures. Some representative reactions of these building blocks with amphoteric electrophiles were studied: Addition of two equivalents of E(SiMe3)2 (E=S, Se) to the indates DMPyr2[Me2In(μ2−S)]2 and DMPyr2[Me2In(μ2−Se)]2 leads to a cleavage of the ring, E silylation and formation of mononuclear, monoanionic indates DMPyr[Me2In(SSiMe3)2], DMPyr[Me2In(SeSiMe3)2], and even a mixed sulfido‐selenido dimethylindate DMPyr[Me2In(SSiMe3)(SeSiMe3)]. Reaction of DMPyr2[Me2In(μ2−S)]2 with two equivalents of Lewis acid Me3In leads to charge delocalization, ring expansion and formation of six‐membered ring DMPyr3[Me2In(μ2−S−InMe3)]3. The latter is a key intermediate in the formation of dianionic sulfidoindate DMPyr2[(Me2In)6(μ3−S)4] displaying an unusual inverse heteroadamantane cage structure with four capping sulfido ligands.