bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically conductive nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/flexible copolyester blends with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dhakal Kedar Nath , Krause Beate , Lach Ralf , Wutzler Andre , Grellmann Wolfgang , Le Hai Hong , Das Amit , Wießner Sven , Heinrich Gert , Adhikari Rameshwar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared and their morphology, as well as electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. The motivation of this work is to prepare electrically conductive and environmentally benign polymer nanocomposites using biodegradable PLA/PBAT blends. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, tensile and microindentation tests, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Volume resistivity and resistance to tensile deformation were measured for electrical characterization. The nanocomposites films were integrated into an electrical circuit to confirm their electrical conductivity. The FTIR spectra revealed the physical mixing between the polymer matrix and the filler. TEM micrographs suggested selective localization of MWCNTs in the PBAT phase with partial agglomeration forming a co‐continuous morphology. TGA and derivative thermogravimetric curves suggested the overall decreasing thermal stability of composites than pure polymer blends regardless of the effects on individual blend components. A relatively low electrical percolation threshold (around 1 wt% of the fillers) compared to the literature works was achieved. Increasing electrical resistance of nanocomposites upon tensile deformation suggested their possibility of piezoresistive properties. Furthermore, the overall mechanical performance (i.e., elastic modulus, tensile strength, and hardness) of the materials was found to improve with increasing filler content.
CoS2 Nanoparticles Embedded in Covalent Organic Polymers as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Ultralow Overpotential
Authors: Ma Qian , Liao Rongfeng , Lu Yuheng , Liu Shaohong , Tang Youchen , Zhu Youlong , Wu Dingcai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCobalt disulfide (CoS2) has been explored as attractive electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, bulk CoS2 sheets have limited catalytic activity due to low exposure of active sites. Herein, through an in‐situ vulcanization approach, CoS2 nanoparticles are embedded into bipyridine‐containing covalent organic polymer (BP‐COP). The as‐prepared nanocomposite CoS2@BP‐COP exhibits high catalytic activity toward OER with an ultra‐low overpotential of 270 mV (vs. RHE) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 36 mV dec−1, and an excellent durability for 24 h without decay. The surface of CoS2 is partially converted into CoOOH to form CoS2/CoOOH as active sites under OER conditions. CoS2@BP‐COP displays superior OER catalytic activity to CoS2 nanosheets and commercially available RuO2 under the same conditions. The outstanding OER performance activity of CoS2@BP‐COP could be attributed to the uniform and small particle sizes of CoS2/CoOOH distributed in BP‐COP.
The effects of systemic and local fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor treatments on the metabolomic profile of lungs
Authors: Abohalaka Reshed , Bozkurt Turgut Emrah , Reçber Tuba , Onder Sevgen Celik , Nemutlu Emirhan , Kır Sedef , Sahin‐Erdemli Inci 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe contribution of the endocannabinoid system to both physiology and pathological processes in the respiratory system makes it a promising target for inflammatory airway diseases. Previously, we have shown that increasing the tissue endocannabinoid levels by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors can prevent airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. In this study, the changes in the levels of major metabolites of endocannabinoids by systemic and local FAAH or MAGL inhibitor treatments were evaluated. Mice were treated with either the FAAH inhibitor URB597 or the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 by local (intranasal) or systemic (intraperitoneal) application. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and lungs were isolated afterward in order to perform histopathological and metabolomic analyses. There were no significant histopathological changes in the lungs and neutrophil, and macrophage and lymphocyte numbers in BAL fluid were not altered after local and systemic treatments. However, GC–MS‐based metabolomics profile allowed us to identify 102 metabolites in lung samples, among which levels of 75 metabolites were significantly different from the control. The metabolites whose levels were changed by treatments were mostly related to the endocannabinoid system and energy metabolism. Therefore, these changes may contribute to the anti‐inflammatory effects of URB597 and JZL184 treatments in mice.
Transplantation of patient‐specific bile duct bioengineered with chemically reprogrammed and microtopographically differentiated cells
Authors: Buisson Elina Maria , Park Suk‐Hee , Kim Myounghoi , Kang Kyojin , Yoon Sangtae , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Young Won , Lee Nak Kyu , Jeong Mi Ae , Kang Bo‐Kyeong , Lee Seung Bum , Factor Valentina M. , Seo Daekwan , Kim Hyunsung , Jeong Jaemin , Kim Han Joon , Choi Dongho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCholangiopathy is a diverse spectrum of chronic progressive bile duct disorders with limited treatment options and dismal outcomes. Scaffold‐ and stem cell‐based tissue engineering technologies hold great promise for reconstructive surgery and tissue repair. Here, we report a combined application of 3D scaffold fabrication and reprogramming of patient‐specific human hepatocytes to produce implantable artificial tissues that imitate the mechanical and biological properties of native bile ducts. The human chemically derived hepatic progenitor cells (hCdHs) were generated using two small molecules A83‐01 and CHIR99021 and seeded inside the tubular scaffold engineered as a synergistic combination of two layers. The inner electrospun fibrous layer was made of nanoscale–macroscale polycaprolactone fibers acting to promote the hCdHs attachment and differentiation, while the outer microporous foam layer served to increase mechanical stability. The two layers of fiber and foam were fused robustly together thus creating coordinated mechanical flexibility to exclude any possible breaking during surgery. The gene expression profiling and histochemical assessment confirmed that hCdHs acquired the biliary epithelial phenotype and filled the entire surface of the fibrous matrix after 2 weeks of growth in the cholangiocyte differentiation medium in vitro. The fabricated construct replaced the macroscopic part of the common bile duct (CBD) and re‐stored the bile flow in a rabbit model of acute CBD injury. Animals that received the acellular scaffolds did not survive after the replacement surgery. Thus, the artificial bile duct constructs populated with patient‐specific hepatic progenitor cells could provide a scalable and compatible platform for treating bile duct diseases.
Potential of the common facial vein as a recipient vein in free flap reconstruction
Authors: Patel Chantal , Abdel‐rahman Ahmed , Gahir Daya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecipient vessel selection for free flap reconstruction depends on numerous factors and may be limited due to previous treatment. Currently, little evidence is available regarding the anatomy and reconstructive potential of the common facial vein (CFV), a tributary of the internal jugular vein (IJV). The aim of this project was to determine the diameter of the CFV at various points along its course and identify suitable landmarks to locate the CFV, to consider the vessel as a potential recipient vein in free flap reconstruction. A cadaveric study was conducted by dissecting 17 embalmed neck hemi‐sections in the Keele University Medical School Anatomy Suite. Our intent was to describe the gross anatomy of the CFV in terms of diameter and relation to surrounding structures. We found the mean diameter of the CFV to be 5.9 (± 1.8) mm at its termination into the IJV. We also found the mean distance of the CFV termination into the IJV from the level of the hyoid bone was 8.0 (± 4.0) mm. The diameter of the CFV could accommodate for end‐to‐end anastomoses to be formed with the IJV system. The diameter also suggests the vein to be appropriate for microvascular anastomosis with commonly used free flaps. The results propose that the CFV can be found within 12 mm of the level of the hyoid bone, knowledge of which could reduce operative time and site morbidity. These findings support the CFV as a potential recipient vein in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck.
The potential for facial artery injury during mandibular third molar extraction. An anatomical study using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Takeshita Yohei , Ibaragi Soichiro , Yutori Hirokazu , Kusukawa Jingo , Tubbs R. Shane , Kawazu Toshiyuki , Asaumi Junichi , Iwanaga Joe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of injury to the facial (FA) and related arteries during mandibular third molar (MTM) extraction using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT). CE‐CT images of the MTM region were retrospectively reviewed. The area of the MTM was equally divided into three zones in the coronal images from mesial to distal, that is, zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3. The FA, submental artery (SMA), and sublingual artery (SLA) were identified. The distance from the mandible to FA, SMA, and SLA and the diameter of the FA, SMA, and SLA was measured in three zones, respectively. The thickness of the facial soft tissues and width of the mandible were measured at their maximum. The mean distance from the FA to the buccal cortical bone in zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 was 2.24 mm, 2.39 mm and 1.67 mm, respectively. The SMA and SLA were found to be distal to the mandible. The mean diameter of the FA was 1.26 mm in males and 1.04 mm in females, respectively (p < 0.0001). The distance between the FA and buccal cortical bone of the mandible, and the patients' weight showed moderate correlation in zones 1 and 2. Based on our findings, the FA can be damaged if the surgical invasion reaches the facial soft tissues during MTM surgery. The patients' weight might be a good predictor for FA injury when CE‐CT is not available.
Facile Construction of Carbon Encapsulated of Earth‐Abundant Metal Sulfides for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tan Junbin , Li Rongrong , Raheem Saheed Abiola , Pan Longhai , Shen Hangjia , Liu Jian , Gao Manglai , Yang Minghui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransition metal sulfide (TMS) promises an excellent prospect in electrocatalysis with high intrinsic activity but poor conductivity. In this work, a series of TMS wrapped by a thin carbon layer with enhanced conductivity have been developed by a facile and rapid strategy. Among them, the prepared CoSx compound exhibits the optimal ORR and OER performances because of the synergistic effect between the high intrinsic activity of CoSx and the desirable conductivity of carbon layer. More importantly, the CoSx‐based zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) exhibit a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with voltage gap of 0.8 V and remarkable cycling durability, which is comparable to those of the state‐of‐art noble Pt/C+IrO2 batteries. Therefore, this work introduces a facile route that opens up a new horizon and inspiration for the development of sulfide for energy conversion.
Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Hsp90β‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Chaudhury Subhabrata , Narasimharao Meka Penchala , Banerjee Monimoy , Kent Caitlin N. , Blagg Brian S. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones that are responsible for the folding and/or trafficking of ∼400 client proteins, many of which are directly associated with cancer progression. Consequently, inhibition of Hsp90 can exhibit similar activity as combination therapy as multiple signaling nodes can be targeted simultaneously. In fact, seventeen small‐molecule inhibitors that bind the Hsp90 N‐terminus entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, all of which exhibited pan‐inhibitory activity against all four Hsp90 isoforms. Unfortunately, most demonstrated undesired effects alongside induction of the pro‐survival heat shock response. As a result, isoform‐selective inhibitors have been sought to overcome these detriments. Described herein is a structure‐based approach to design Hsp90β‐selective inhibitors along with preliminary SAR. In the end, compound 5 was shown to manifest ∼370‐fold selectivity for Hsp90β versus Hsp90α, and induced the degradation of select Hsp90β‐dependent clients. These data support the development of Hsp90β‐selective inhibitors as a new paradigm to overcome the detriments associated with pan‐inhibition of Hsp90.
Reinigung von lösemittelhaltiger Prozessabluft in Biorieselbettreaktoren
Authors: Grüner‐Lempart Sabine , Eckert Julian , Gredmaier Ludwig 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBei zahlreichen industriellen Prozessen fallen lösemittelhaltige Abluftströme an, die zur Einhaltung der gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Emissionsgrenzwerte gereinigt werden müssen. Konventionelle Abluftreinigungsverfahren wie die thermische Nachverbrennung erfordern jedoch hohe Temperaturen von 1200 °C und oft fossile Brennstoffe. Als deutlich nachhaltiger erweisen sich dagegen Biorieselbettreaktoren, mit denen Lösemittel bereits bei 20 °C biologisch abgebaut werden können. Die Schadstoffe werden dabei von Bakterien in einem Biofilm auf Lavasteinen in unbedenkliche Substanzen umgewandelt.
Neutralization dynamics of slow highly charged ions passing through graphene nanoflakes: An embedding self‐energy approach
Authors: Balzer Karsten , Bonitz Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the time‐dependent neutralization of a slow highly charged ion that penetrates a hexagonal hollow‐centred graphene nanoflake. To compute the ultrafast charge transfer dynamics, we apply an effective Hubbard nanocluster model and use the method of nonequilibrium Green functions in conjunction with an embedding self‐energy scheme, which allows one to follow the temporal changes of the number of electrons in the nanoflake. We perform extensive simulations of the charge transfer dynamics for a broad range of ion charge states and impact velocities. The results are used to put forward a simple semi‐analytical model of the neutralization dynamics that is in very good agreement with transmission experiments, in which highly charged xenon ions pass through sheets of single‐layer graphene.
A deep learning‐based HARQ chase combining for FBMC‐OQAM systems
Authors: Bedoui Abla , Et‐tolba Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

SummaryHybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is a promising link adaptation technique to ensure reliable data transmission in future communication systems. However, it can severely suffer from high distortions, nonlinearities, and interferences caused by the propagation environment. In this paper, we propose an efficient HARQ chase combining (HARQ‐CC) for filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC‐OQAM) systems using deep learning to combat channel impairments. We model the HARQ‐CC system as a fuzzy inference system that deploys a deep neural network tool to detect the transmitted data packets. Simulation results prove that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional HARQ‐CC method with regard to block error rate (BLER) and root mean square error (RMSE).
Concentration‐discharge relationships derived from a larger regional dataset as a tool for watershed management
Authors: D’Amario Sarah C. , Wilson Henry F. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConcentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships have been widely used to assess the hydrochemical processes that control solute fluxes from streams. Here, using a large regional dataset we assessed long‐term C‐Q relationships for total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and nitrate (NO3) for 63 streams in Ontario, Canada, to better understand seasonal regional behavior of nutrients. We used C‐Q plots, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and breakpoint analysis to characterize overall regional nutrient C‐Q relationships and assess seasonal effects, anthropogenic impacts, and differences between “rising” and “falling” hydrograph limbs to gain an understanding of the dominant processes controlling overall C‐Q relationships. We found that all nutrient concentrations were higher on average in catchments with greater levels of anthropogenic disturbance (agricultural and urban land use). TP, SRP, and TKN showed similar C‐Q dynamics, with nearly flat or gently sloping C‐Q relationships up to a discharge threshold after which C‐Q slopes substantially increased during the rising limb. These thresholds were seasonally variable, with summer and winter thresholds occurring at lower flows compared with autumn and greater variability during snowmelt. These patterns suggest that seasonal strategies to reduce high flows, such as creating riparian wetlands or reservoirs, in conjunction with reducing related nutrient transport during high flows would be the most effective way to mitigate elevated in‐stream concentrations and event export. Elevated rising limb concentrations suggest that nutrients accumulate in upland parts of the catchment during drier periods and that these are released during rain events. NO3 C‐Q patterns tended to be different from the other nutrients and were further complicated by anthropogenic land use, with greater reductions on the falling limb in more disturbed catchments during certain seasons. There were few significant NO3 hydrograph limb differences, indicating that there was likely to be no dominant hysteretic pattern across our study region due to variability in hysteresis from catchment to catchment. This suggests that this nutrient may be difficult to successfully manage at the regional scale.
Relating macrofungal diversity and forest characteristics in boreal forests in China: Conservation effects, inter‐forest‐type variations, and association decoupling
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Sun Jingxue , Zhong Zhaoliang , Xiao Lu , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Huimei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestionHow conservation and forest type affect macrofungal compositional diversity is not well understood. Even less is known about macrofungal associations with plants, soils, and geoclimatic conditions.LocationSouthern edge of boreal forest distribution in China, named as Huzhong Nature Reserve.MethodsWe surveyed a total of 72 plots for recording macrofungi, plants, and topography in 2015 and measured soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and bulk density. Effects of conservation and forest types on macrofungi and plants were compared, and their associations were decoupled by structural equation modeling (SEM) and redundancy ordination (RDA).ResultsConservation and forest type largely shaped macrofungal diversity. Most of the macrofungal traits declined with the conservation intensities or peaked at the middle conservation region. Similarly, 91% of macrofungal traits declined or peaked in the middle succession stage of birch‐larch forests. Forest conservation resulted in the observation of sparse, larch‐dominant, larger tree forests. Moreover, the soil outside the Reserve had more water, higher fertility, and lower bulk density, showing miscellaneous wood forest preference. There is a complex association between conservation site characteristics, soils, plants, and macrofungi. Variation partitioning showed that soil N was the top‐one factor explaining the macrofungal variations (10%). As shown in SEM coefficients, conservation effect to macrofungi (1.1–1.2, p < .05) was like those from soils (1.2–1.6, p < .05), but much larger than the effect from plants (0.01–0.14, p > .10). For all tested macrofungal traits, 89%–97% of their variations were from soils, and 5%–21% were from conservation measures, while plants compensated 1%–10% of these effects. Our survey found a total of 207 macrofungal species, and 65 of them are new updates in this Reserve, indicating data shortage for the macrofungi list here.ConclusionOur findings provide new data for the joint conservation of macrofungi and plant communities, highlighting the crucial importance of soil matrix for macrofungal conservation in boreal forests.
Metal‐Metal Interactions in Bi‐, Tri‐ and Multinuclear Fe, Ru and Os N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and their Catalytic Applications
Authors: Narayana Brinda Kadur , Keri Rangappa S. , Hanumantharayudu Nagaraju Doddahalli , Budagumpi Srinivasa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been the focal point of advanced research on catalysis and bioorganometallic chemistry in the last decade. The field of NHC‐metal mediated catalysis has steadily grown over past years, commencing from the seminal discoveries on various C−C, C−N coupling and acceleration of C−H bond activation reactions. This review presents an overview of the work about the effects of NHC ligand field on metal‐metal contacts in Fe, Ru and Os metal NHC complexes. The influence of these contacts in making the supramolecular assemblies and their consequences on the reactivity patterns is reviewed. Correspondingly, the synergic effects between two metals leading to a unique reactivity pattern are correlated. The suitability and efficiency of various synthetic protocols used to prepare bi‐, tri‐ and multinuclear transition metal NHC complexes where metal‐metal contacts are possible, is discussed. Alternatively, this study on metal‐metal contacts in Fe, Ru and Os metal NHC complexes has great potential in the fields of homogeneous and heterogonous catalysis including the new designs for efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts and oxidation and acylation catalysts. Rational ligand design leading to metal‐metal contacts by the appropriate functionalization of NHCs to investigate their applications in mentioned fields are thus fundamental to our efforts. Apart from their applications, the nature of the metal‐carbene carbon bond, nature of auxiliary ligand(s) and the influence of suitably functionalized NHC ligands led to generate advanced structural motifs have also been emphasized.
The Quest for Large Group 13 Metallacalixarenes Based on Benzymidazolyl Ligands and Al and Ga Alkyls
Authors: Díaz‐Ramírez Mariana L. , Huggins Hannah , Donnadieu Bruno , Lopez Nazario , Muñoz‐Hernández Miguel‐Ángel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetallacalix[n]arenes derived from AlMe3 or GaMe3 with either 2‐bromo‐1H‐benzimidazole, 2‐Brbzim, or 2‐ethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole, 2‐Etbzim, were obtained by coordination self‐assembly. SCXRD and 1H and 13C NMR in solution are consistent with the isolation of metallacalix[4]arenes 1 and 2, respectively. SCXRD molecular structures of 2‐Etbzim‐based metallacalix[n]arenes show an aluma[6]calixarene complex, 3, and a gallacalix[5]arene, 4. 1H and 13C NMR for 3 and 4 show three species coexisting in solution. The electronic properties of 1–4 along with previously reported [2‐MebzimAlMe2]4 and [2‐MebzimGaMe2]4 were investigated by DFT single point calculations. For the large aluma‐ and gallametallacalix[n]arenes, the analysis of the electrostatic potential show that charge complementarity along with a more flexible cavity than for metallacalix[4]arenes renders self‐encapsulation.