bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Veterans Affairs Primary Care Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions For Asymptomatic Bacteriuria And Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: Mortrude Grace C , Rehs Mary T , Sherman Katherine A , Gundacker Nathan D , Dysart Claire E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Outpatient antimicrobial prescribing is an important target for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions to decrease antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate the impact of AMS interventions focused on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the primary care setting.

Methods
This stepped-wedge trial evaluated the impact of multifaceted educational interventions to providers on adult patients presenting to primary care clinics for ARIs and ASB. The primary outcome was percentage of overall antibiotic prescriptions as a composite of prescriptions for ASB, acute bronchitis, upper respiratory infection not otherwise specified, uncomplicated sinusitis, and uncomplicated pharyngitis. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome; a composite safety endpoint of related hospital, emergency department, or primary care visits within 4 weeks; antibiotic selection appropriateness; and patient satisfaction surveys.

Results
A total of 887 patients were included (405 preintervention and 482 postintervention). After controlling for type I error using Bonferroni correction, the primary outcome was not significantly different between groups (56% vs 49%). There was a statistically significant decrease in prescriptions for acute bronchitis (20.99% vs 12.66%; P = .0003). Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for uncomplicated sinusitis (odds ratio [OR], 4.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.79–13.75]; P = .0021) and pharyngitis (OR, 5.36 [95% CI, 1.93–14.90]; P = .0013) was improved in the postintervention vs the preintervention group. The composite safety outcome and patient satisfaction surveys did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
Multifaceted educational interventions targeting providers can improve antibiotic prescribing for indications rarely requiring antimicrobials without increasing re-visits or patient satisfaction surveys.
Safety of Live-Attenuated Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Administered Within 2 Years of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
Authors: Desjardins Michaël , Mitre Xhoi , Sherman Amy C , Walsh Stephen R , Cheng Matthew P , Kanjilal Sanjat , Ho Vincent T , Baden Lindsey R , Issa Nicolas C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine usually contraindicated within the first 2 years of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). The objective of this study was to assess the safety of MMR vaccine when administered within 2 years of HCT.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients who received MMR vaccination within 2 years of an autologous or allogeneic HCT, mostly in the context of the 2019 measles outbreak. Adverse reactions were collected for 42 days postvaccination, and all hospitalizations and deaths following vaccination were reviewed.

Results
A total of 129 patients (75 autologous and 54 allogeneic HCT) were vaccinated 300–729 days after HCT (median, 718 days), and 39 (30%) of these were vaccinated earlier than 23 months post-transplant. Ten adverse reactions in 7 patients (5%) were identified within 42 days of vaccination: 6 respiratory tract infections (3 with fever) and 1 rash. The rash was seen in a 37-year-old female who had an allogeneic HCT 542 days before vaccination. She presented with a centrifugal maculopapular rash, confirmed to be caused by the vaccine strain rubella virus. She fully recovered. No other vaccine-associated illness was identified in the cohort after a median follow-up of 676 days.

Conclusions
MMR vaccine appears to be well tolerated in select HCT recipients when given between 300 and 729 days after transplant. An uncomplicated case of vaccine-associated rubella illness was seen after vaccination. Assessment of potential risks and benefits of MMR vaccination given within 2 years of HCT remains important.
Persistence of Robust Humoral Immune Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months After Infection
Authors: Miyakawa Kei , Kubo Sousuke , Stanleyraj Jeremiah Sundararaj , Go Hirofumi , Yamaoka Yutaro , Ohtake Norihisa , Kato Hideaki , Ikeda Satoshi , Mihara Takahiro , Matsuba Ikuro , Sanno Naoko , Miyakawa Masaaki , Shinkai Masaharu , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Ogura Takashi , Ito Shuichi , Kaneko Takeshi , Yamamoto Kouji , Goto Atsushi , Ryo Akihide 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits varying degrees of protective immunity conferred by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, we report the persistence of nAb responses over 12 months after infection despite their decreasing trend noticed from 6 months.

Methods
The study included sera from 497 individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and August 2020. Samples were collected at 6 and 12 months after onset. The titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The nAb titer was determined using lentivirus-based pseudovirus or authentic virus.

Results
Antibody titers of NP-IgG, RBD-IgG, and nAbs were higher in severe and moderate cases than in mild cases at 12 months after onset. Although the nAb levels were likely to confer adequate protection against wild-type viral infection, the neutralization activity to recently circulating variants in some of the mild cases (~30%) was undermined, implying the susceptibility to reinfection with the variants of concerns (VOCs).

Conclusions
Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals have robust humoral immunity even at 12 months after infection albeit that the medical history and background of patients could affect the function and dynamics of antibody response to the VOCs.
A Novel Program to Provide Drug Recovery Assistance and Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy in People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Gelman Stephanie S , Stenehjem Eddie , Foster Rachel A , Tinker Nick , Grisel Nancy , Webb Brandon J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Safe hospital discharge on parenteral antibiotic therapy is challenging for people who inject drugs (PWID) admitted with serious bacterial infections (SBI). We describe a Comprehensive Care of Drug Addiction and Infection (CCDAI) program involving a partnership between Intermountain Healthcare hospitals and a detoxification facility (DF) to provide simultaneous drug recovery assistance and parenteral antibiotic therapy (DRA-OPAT).

Methods
The CCDAI program was evaluated using a pre-/poststudy design. We compared outcomes in PWID hospitalized with SBI during a 1-year postimplementation period (2018) with similar patients from a historical control period (2017), identified by propensity modeling and manual review.

Results
Eighty-seven patients were candidates for the CCDAI program in the implementation period. Thirty-five participants (40.2%) enrolled in DRA-OPAT and discharged to the DF; 16 (45.7%) completed the full outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) duration. Fifty-one patients with similar characteristics were identified as a preimplementation control group. Median length of stay (LOS) was reduced from 22.9 days (interquartile interval [IQI], 9.8–42.7) to 10.6 days (IQI, 6–17.4) after program implementation (P &lt; .0001). Total median cost decreased from $39 220.90 (IQI, $23 300.71–$82 506.66) preimplementation to $27 592.39 (IQI, $18 509.45–$48 369.11) postimplementation (P &lt; .0001). Ninety-day readmission rates were similar (23.5% vs 24.1%; P = .8). At 1-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was 7.1% in the preimplementation group versus 1.2% postimplementation (P = .06).

Conclusions
Partnerships between hospitals and community resources hold promise for providing resource-efficient OPAT and drug recovery assistance. We observed significant reductions in LOS and cost without increases in readmission rates; 1-year mortality may have been improved. Further study is needed to optimize benefits of the program.
Dengue and scrub typhus co-infection causing septic shock
Authors: Subedi Prakriti , Ghimire Manoj , Shrestha Karun , Ghimire Kalpana , Adhikari Sudeep , Tiwari Bishal 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A 33-year-old female presented with a history of high-grade fever, cough, dyspnea, joint pain and myalgia. On examination, the patient was febrile with tachycardia, hypotension and decreased oxygen saturation. Chest auscultation revealed bilateral decreased air entry with crepitation supported by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray. The laboratory investigations showed leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis and renal impairment. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, ceftriaxone and levofloxacin; however, there was no clinical improvement till 48 h. She was then diagnosed with scrub typhus and dengue co-infection via serologies. Doxycycline was started following which the patient improved in 24 h. Scrub typhus can present with septic shock but does not respond to the usual antibiotics and the addition of doxycycline will result in rapid clinical improvement. Co-infection with other tropical diseases such as dengue is also common, hence it is important to test based on local endemicity.
Learning from Noise? Price and Liquidity Spillovers around Mutual Fund Fire Sales
Authors: Honkanen Pekka , Schmidt Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the extent of cross-asset learning in financial markets by examining the spillover effects around mutual fund fire sales, which lead to a well-documented impact-reversal pattern in returns. We find that the returns of fire sale stocks spill over onto the stock returns of economic peers with a magnitude of around one-third of the original effect. These spillovers extend to liquidity and are not explained by common funding shocks or the hedging activity of liquidity providers. We conclude that they represent information spillovers due to learning from prices, thus identifying cross-asset learning as an important driver for the commonality in returns and liquidity. (JEL G11, G12, G14, G23)
Received July 1, 2021; editorial decision August 30, 2021. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Overcoming Obstacles to the Application of the Unidroit Principles: Proposal for a Descriptive Choice of the Unidroit Principles Clause
Authors: Brödermann Eckart 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article builds on a similar article written ten years ago and published in the Uniform Law Review. It tries to build a bridge between the academic world and the world of practitioners with regard to the perception of the Unidroit Principles.
Random forest modelling of neuropathological features identifies microglial activation as an accurate pathological classifier of C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rifai Olivia M. , Longden James , O’Shaughnessy Judi , Sewell Michael D.E. , McDade Karina , Daniels Michael J.D. , Abrahams Sharon , Chandran Siddharthan , McColl Barry , Sibley Christopher R. , Gregory Jenna M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are regarded as two ends of a pathogenetic spectrum, termed ALS-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD). However, it is currently difficult to predict where on the spectrum an individual will lie, especially for patients with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE), a mutation associated with both ALS and FTD. It has been shown that both inflammation and protein misfolding influence aspects of ALS and ALS-FTSD disease pathogenesis, such as the manifestation or severity of motor or cognitive symptoms. Previous studies have highlighted markers which may influence C9orf72-associated disease presentation in a targeted fashion, though there has yet to be a systematic and quantitative assessment of common immunohistochemical markers to investigate the significance of these pathways in an unbiased manner. Here we report the first extensive digital pathological assessment with random forest modelling of pathological markers often used in neuropathology practice. This study profiles glial activation and protein misfolding in a cohort of deeply clinically profiled post-mortem tissue from patients with a C9orf72 HRE, who either met the criteria for a diagnosis of ALS or ALS-FTSD. We show that microglial immunohistochemical staining features, both morphological and spatial, are the best independent classifiers of disease status and that clinicopathological associations exist between microglial activation status and cognitive dysfunction in ALS-FTSD patients with C9orf72 HRE. Furthermore, we show that spatially resolved changes in FUS staining are also an accurate predictor of disease status, implying that liquid-liquid phase shift of this aggregation-prone RNA-binding protein may be important in ALS caused by a C9orf72 HRE. Our findings provide further support to the hypothesis of dysfunctional immune regulation and proteostasis in the pathogenesis of C9orf72 ALS and provide a framework for digital analysis of commonly used neuropathological stains as a tool to enrich our understanding of clinicopathological associations between cohorts.
Benchmarking GE-BOLD, SE-BOLD, and SS-SI-VASO sequences for depth-dependent separation of feedforward and feedback signals in high-field MRI
Authors: Iamshchinina Polina , Haenelt Daniel , Trampel Robert , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Kaiser Daniel , Cichy Radoslaw M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent advances in high-field fMRI have allowed differentiating feedforward and feedback information in the grey matter of the human brain. For continued progress in this endeavor, it is critical to understand how MRI data acquisition parameters impact the read-out of information from laminar response profiles. Here, we benchmarked three different MR-sequences at 7T - gradient-echo (GE), spin-echo (SE) and vascular space occupancy imaging (VASO) - in differentiating feedforward and feedback signals in human early visual cortex (V1). The experiment (N=4) consisted of two complementary tasks: a perception task that predominantly evokes feedforward signals and a working memory task that relies on feedback signals. In the perception task, participants saw flickering oriented gratings while detecting orthogonal color-changes. In the working memory task, participants memorized the precise orientation of a grating. We used multivariate pattern analysis to read out the perceived (feedforward) and memorized (feedback) grating orientation from neural signals across cortical depth. Analyses across all the MR-sequences revealed perception signals predominantly in the middle cortical compartment of area V1 and working memory signals in the deep compartment. Despite an overall consistency across sequences, SE-EPI was the only sequence where both feedforward and feedback information were differently pronounced across cortical depth in a statistically robust way. We therefore suggest that in the context of a typical cognitive neuroscience experiment as the one benchmarked here, SE-EPI may provide a favorable trade-off between spatial specificity and signal sensitivity.HighlightsHere, we benchmarked three sequences at high-field fMRI -GE-BOLD, SE-BOLD and VASO - in differentiating feedforward and feedback signals across grey matter depth of area V1. We show that:All the MR-sequences revealed the feedforward and feedback signals at the middle and deep cortical bins, respectively.Such correspondence across the sequences indicates that widely used GE-BOLD is a suitable method for the exploration of signals in cortical depth.Only SE-BOLD yielded statistically reliable differences between the cortical bins carry- ing feedforward and feedback signals.
Digital restoration of the pectoral girdles of two Early Cretaceous birds, and implications for early flight evolution
Authors: Wang Shiying , Ma Yubo , Wu Qian , Wang Min , Hu Dongyu , Sullivan Corwin , Xu Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPectoral girdle morphology is a key determinant of flight capability, but in some respects is poorly known among stem birds. Here, we reconstruct the pectoral girdles of the Early Cretaceous birds Sapeornis and Piscivorenantiornis based on computed tomography and three-dimensional visualization, revealing key morphological details. Enantiornithines such as Piscivorenantiornis have a uniquely localized scapula-coracoid joint, with only one area of articulation. This single articulation contrasts with the double articulation widely present in non-enantiornithine pennaraptoran theropods, including Sapeornis and crown birds, which comprises main and subsidiary articular contacts. A partially closed triosseal canal occurs in non-euornithine birds, representing a transitional stage in flight apparatus evolution. Numerous modifications of the pectoral girdle along the line to crown birds, and lineage-specific pectoral girdle variations, produced diverse pectoral girdle morphologies among Mesozoic birds, which ensured that a commensurate range of capability levels and modes emerged during the early evolution of flight.
Oligodendrocyte lineage cells driven by neuronal activity in selected brain regions are required for episodic memory formation
Authors: Barboza Luendreo P. , Bessières Benjamin , Nazarzoda Omina , Alberini Cristina M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation of long-term episodic memories requires the activation of molecular mechanisms in several regions of the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The extent to which these regions engage distinct mechanisms and cell types to support memory formation is not well understood. Recent studies reported that oligodendrogenesis is essential for learning and long-term memory; however, whether oligodendrocyte lineage cells are required only in selected brain regions is still unclear. Also still unknown are the temporal kinetics of oligodendrocyte lineage cells involvement in memory processes and whether these cells are engaged in response to neuronal activity. Here we show that in rats and mice, episodic learning rapidly increases the oligodendrogenesis and myelin biogenesis transcriptsOlig2,Myrf,Mbp, andPlp1as well as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) proliferation and differentiation in the ACC, but not in the dorsal hippocampus (dHC). Region-specific knockdown or knockout ofMyrf, a regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation, revealed that cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage are required for memory formation in the ACC but not the dHC. Chemogenetic neuronal silencing in the ACC showed that neuronal activity is critical for learning-induced OPC proliferation. Hence, activity-driven oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the ACC, but not dHC, are critical for the formation of episodic memories.Impact statementOligodendrocyte lineage cells are required in the anterior cingulate cortex but not in the hippocampus for long-term memory formation.
Clustering as feature selection method in spam classification: uncovering sick-leave sellers
Authors: Elhussein Mariam , Brahimi Samiha 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a novel way of using textual clustering as a feature selection method. It is applied to identify the most important keywords in the profile classification. The method is demonstrated through the problem of sick-leave promoters on Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach
Four machine learning classifiers were used on a total of 35,578 tweets posted on Twitter. The data were manually labeled into two categories: promoter and nonpromoter. Classification performance was compared when the proposed clustering feature selection approach and the standard feature selection were applied.

Findings
Radom forest achieved the highest accuracy of 95.91% higher than similar work compared. Furthermore, using clustering as a feature selection method improved the Sensitivity of the model from 73.83% to 98.79%. Sensitivity (recall) is the most important measure of classifier performance when detecting promoters’ accounts that have spam-like behavior.

Research limitations/implications
The method applied is novel, more testing is needed in other datasets before generalizing its results.

Practical implications
The model applied can be used by Saudi authorities to report on the accounts that sell sick-leaves online.

Originality/value
The research is proposing a new way textual clustering can be used in feature selection.
Factors affecting the adoption extent of the balanced scorecard by Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Ha Dieu Thuong , Le Thanh , Fisher Greg , Nguyen Thanh Truc 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study empirically examines factors affecting the extent of balanced scorecard (BSC) adoption in Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) such as top management involvement, an innovative culture, a product innovation strategy, organisational resources, a competitive environment and business network support. This study aims to gain an improved understanding and draw important lessons on BSC adoption for SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
Using primary data obtained from a survey of top managers of SMEs that have experienced some forms of BSC adoption, the authors conduct their analysis using exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis methods.

Findings
The authors find that top management involvement, an innovative culture, organisational resources and business network support are essential factors impacting the extent of BSC adoption in Vietnamese SMEs. Besides confirming literature findings on these variables, the authors identify support of business networks as another important factor affecting the extent of BSC adoption, alongside location and business owners’ experience. However, the impacts of a product innovation strategy and a competitive environment are not significant.

Research limitations/implications
This study adapts scales previously designed for large enterprises in developed countries to fit into the context of Vietnamese SMEs. Future research can take advantage of this new set of scales and data to obtain further research results.

Practical implications
This study will serve as guidance for SMEs considering BSC adoption to have a clear vision of what factors are likely to affect BSC adoption, how they affect it and in what direction.

Social implications
Lessons learned can be extended not only to Vietnamese SMEs that have not yet adopted the BSC but also to firms in other countries with similar economic conditions.

Originality/value
This study is among pioneering studies on BSC in SMEs and within the context of Vietnam.