bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions to Radial Anisotropy in Tomographic Models
Authors: Magali J. K. , Bodin T. , Hedjazian N. , Ricard Y. , Capdeville Y. , Debayle E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeismic anisotropy in the Earth's mantle inferred from seismic observations is usually interpreted in terms of intrinsic anisotropy due to crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals, or extrinsic anisotropy due to shape preferred orientation (SPO). The coexistence of both contributions confuses the origins of seismic anisotropy observed in tomographic models. It is thus essential to discriminate CPO from SPO. Homogenization/upscaling theory provides means to achieve this goal. It enables computing the effective elastic properties of a heterogeneous medium, as seen by long‐period waves. In this work, we investigate the effects of upscaling an intrinsically anisotropic and heterogeneous mantle. We show analytically in 1‐D that the observed radial anisotropy parameter is approximately the product of the intrinsic and the extrinsic components: This law is verified numerically in the case of a homogenized 2‐D marble cake model of the mantle in the presence of CPO obtained from a micro‐mechanical model of olivine deformation. Our numerical findings predict that for wavelengths smaller than the scale of deformation patterns, tomography may overestimate intrinsic anisotropy due to significant extrinsic anisotropy. At longer wavelengths, intrinsic anisotropy is always underestimated due to spatial averaging. Therefore, we show that it is imperative to homogenize a CPO model first before drawing comparisons with tomographic models. As a demonstration, we use our composite law with a homogenized CPO model of a plate‐driven flow underneath a mid‐ocean ridge, to estimate the SPO contribution to an existing tomographic model of radial anisotropy.
Seasonal and Daily‐Scale Photoacclimation Modulating the Phytoplankton Chlorophyll‐Carbon Coupling Relationship in the Mid‐Latitude Northwest Pacific
Authors: Xing Xiaogang , Boss Emmanuel , Chen Shuangling , Chai Fei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotoacclimation is a photo‐physiological mechanism of phytoplankton associated with the modulation of the ratio of phytoplankton chlorophyll (Chl) and carbon (C), yet little is known on how it modulates Chl dynamics and the Chl‐C coupling relationship in the mid‐latitude oceans. In this study, Chl and C estimated from optical sensors on three BGC‐Argo floats, provided a record of the biomass and physiological variability at high temporal and vertical resolutions in the mid‐latitude northwest Pacific. It is found that, despite the Chl seasonal cycle being mainly dominated by variability in biomass, Chl and C became decoupled and inversely correlated in winter, due to the dominant effect of photoacclimation. Although Chl and C co‐varied in spring and autumn, photoacclimation modulated the Chl‐C coupling relationship as well, leading to a faster increase in C and Chl, respectively, in spring and late autumn. On daily and synoptic scales, Chl dynamics were also driven by photoacclimation to a large extent. Particularly, during a typhoon event, both cloud cover and mixed‐layer dynamics introduced fast changes in mixed‐layer light level, resulting in quick photo‐physiological responses of phytoplankton in modulating the variances of Chl. Similarly, during wintertime mixing‐restratification events associated with abrupt mixed‐layer changes, photoacclimation muted the Chl response, leading to a faster increase in C than Chl.
The Role of Natural Halogens in Global Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Budget Under Different 21st Century Climate Scenarios
Authors: Badia Alba , Iglesias‐Suarez Fernando , Fernandez Rafael P. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Griffiths Paul T. , Tarasick David W. , Liu Jane , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTropospheric ozone () is an important greenhouse gas and a surface pollutant. The future evolution of abundances and chemical processing are uncertain due to a changing climate, socioeconomic developments, and missing chemistry in global models. Here, we use an Earth System Model with natural halogen chemistry to investigate the changes in the budget over the 21st century following Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)6.0 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. Our results indicate that the global tropospheric net chemical change (NCC, chemical gross production minus destruction) will decrease , notwithstanding increasing or decreasing trends in ozone production and loss. However, a wide range of surface NCC variations (from −60 to 150) are projected over polluted regions with stringent abatements in precursor emissions. Water vapor and iodine are found to be key drivers of future tropospheric destruction, while the largest changes in production are determined by the future evolution of peroxy radicals. We show that natural halogens, currently not considered in climate models, significantly impact on the present‐day and future global burden reducing 30–35 Tg (11–15) of tropospheric ozone throughout the 21st century regardless of the RCP scenario considered. This highlights the importance of including natural halogen chemistry in climate model projections of future tropospheric ozone.
The Role of Coupled Feedbacks in the Decadal Variability of the Southern Hemisphere Eddy‐Driven Jet
Authors: Yang Dongxia , Arblaster Julie M. , Meehl Gerald A. , England Matthew H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent work has suggested that tropical Pacific decadal variability and external forcings have had a comparable influence on the observed changes in the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy‐driven jet over the satellite era. Here we contrast the zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jet to tropical Pacific decadal variability by designing an atmosphere‐only PAC‐A experiment using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and comparing it with the fully coupled Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1) tropical Pacific pacemaker (PAC‐C) experiments. In both frameworks, the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are identical (model climatology plus observed anomalies), which allows the PAC‐C and PAC‐A experiments to be used to estimate the impact of coupling on teleconnections from the tropical Pacific to the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The observed summertime South Pacific jet intensification is reproduced in both coupled and uncoupled experiments, indicating that the central and eastern tropical Pacific (hereafter, tropical Pacific) SST impacts the South Pacific jet mainly via direct atmospheric teleconnections. By contrast, only the coupled PAC‐C captures the summertime poleward shift of the South Atlantic‐Indian jet, suggesting that air‐sea coupling is essential in driving the teleconnections between tropical Pacific SST anomalies and South Atlantic‐Indian jet variations.
The Upper Limit of Denudation Rate Measurement From Cosmogenic 10Be(Meteoric)/9Be Ratios in Taiwan
Authors: Deng Kai , Wittmann Hella , Yang Shouye , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe tectonically active Taiwan orogen features numerous rivers that yield a high amount of sediment with fluxes exceeding 104 t/km2/yr. Amongst these, the landslide‐dominated Liwu River is well studied regarding its dynamic surface processes. However, the quantification of denudation in the Liwu Basin is still an ongoing task as rates obtained to date are subject to substantial differences depending on methods that differ in their spatio‐temporal scales. We constrain an upper limit of global denudation using the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be(meteoric) and its ratio to stable 9Be. Meteoric cosmogenic 10Be is delivered to Earth’s surface by precipitation, whereas stable 9Be is released from rock weathering. In contrast to in situ cosmogenic 10Be measured in quartz, the 10Be(meteoric)/9Be ratio can be analyzed in quartz‐poor settings. 10Be(meteoric)/9Be‐derived denudation rates (Dmet) vary from 8.1 to >30 mm/yr in the Liwu mainstem, and from 3.4 to 21.5 mm/yr in the tributaries. These new Dmet are among the highest cosmogenic nuclide‐derived rates ever measured. Most of these rates agree with rates from sediment gauging or channel incision. We propose that stochastic landsliding plays a major role in denudation processes here. Using a soil‐bedrock mixing model and published riverine organic 14C data as a soil tracer, we estimate the fractional contribution of bedrock landslide material to mainstem sediments to be 55%–97%, which explains the magnitude and large variability (4‐fold) in Dmet. We demonstrate the complexity associated with denudation rates determination in landslide‐dominated routing systems; but also the potential of 10Be(meteoric)/9Be for tracing stochastic landsliding processes.
Perfectly matched inhomogeneous receiving metasurface for line source incidence
Authors: Dong Shiwei , Tang Jingxin , Dong Yazhou , Huangfu Jiangtao , Ye Dexin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a perfectly matched inhomogeneous receiving metasurface for line source incidence, based on the effective medium equivalency. Each building block of the inhomogeneous metasurface has effective constitutive parameters that satisfy a specific relationship dependent on the location of the line source. By doing so, the reflection from the receiving metasurface for the cylindrical wave incidence can be significantly suppressed, improving the total reception efficiency greatly. Theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, full‐wave simulations and experimental results are consistent with each other, showing promising applications in some short‐range wireless power transmission systems, where the incident wave is non‐planar.
A machine learning approach for real‐time selection of preventive actions improving power network resilience
Authors: Noebels Matthias , Preece Robin , Panteli Mathaios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPower outages due to cascading failures which are triggered by extreme weather pose an increasing risk to modern societies and draw attention to an emerging need for power network resilience. Machine learning (ML) is used for a real‐time selection process on preventive actions, such as topology reconfiguration and islanding, aiming to reduce the risk of cascading failures. Training data is obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of cascading failures triggered by extreme events. The trained ML‐based decision‐making process uses only predictors that are readily available prior to an extreme event, such as event location and intensity, network topology and load, and requires no further time‐consuming simulations.The proposed decision‐making process is compared to time‐consuming but ideal decision‐making and fast but trivial decision‐making. Demonstrations on the German transmission network show that the proposed ML‐based selection process efficiently prevents the uncontrolled propagation of cascading failures and performs similarly to an ideal decision‐making process whilst being computationally three orders of magnitude faster.
Design process of high‐frequency inductor with multiple air‐gaps in the dimensional limitation
Authors: Liao Hsuan , Chen Jiann‐Fuh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo find the optimal magnetic components designing process within the dimensional limitation, different inductor arrangements are developed. Different combinations of air‐gaps and material arrangements are used within the limited bobbin space to improve the saturation current capacity within the already set dimension. In this study, the mechanism requirement set at 1U height is the limitation. There are two center‐pole material cores, and air‐gap distribution arrangement in the magnetic components. The saturation current value, magnetic flux density, flux fringing, and power loss of inductors are investigated with simulation, equation calculation and actual circuit measurement. The magnetic distribution affects the inductor performance because of the different relative permeability values, skin effect, proximity effect, and fringing effect. This research uses equations to find the magnetic flux density and the fringing magnetic flux, and uses Comsol Multiphysics® software to simulate the magnetic field. A 500 W boost power factor corrections (PFC) converter topology is used as an example experiment to compare and verify the inductors selected with proposed design methodology. Finally, the most appropriate core is chosen to implement the two‐stage AC/DC power supply products to improve the power supply performance.
Prevalência de variações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação cirúrgica por via aberta clássica
Authors: Pimentel Victor Spirandelli , Artoni Bruna Borsari , Faloppa Flavio , Belloti João Carlos , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Pimentel Benedito Felipe Rabay 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de variações anatômicas encontradas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação cirúrgica por via aberta clássica.
Métodos Foram incluídos um total de 115 pacientes com alta probabilidade de diagnóstico clínico de síndrome do túnel do carpo, com indicação para o tratamento cirúrgico. Estes pacientes realizaram eletroneuromiografia e ultrassonografia para confirmação diagnóstica. Foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por via aberta clássica, no qual foi realizado um inventário completo da ferida operatória na busca e visualização de variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo.
Resultados A prevalência total das variações anatômicas intra e extra túnel do carpo encontradas neste estudo foi de 63,5% (intervalo de confiança [IC]95%: 54,5–72,4%). A prevalência do músculo transverso do carpo foi de 57,4% (IC95%: 47,8–66,6%), do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0–4,2%) e do nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente e ao músculo transverso do carpo foi de 1,7% (IC95%: 0,0–4,2%).
Conclusão A variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o músculo transverso do carpo e a variação anatômica intra túnel do carpo mais prevalente foi o nervo mediano bífido associado à artéria mediana persistente. O achado cirúrgico de uma variação anatômica extra túnel do carpo, como o músculo transverso do carpo, pode nos indicar a presença de outras variações anatômicas intra túnel do carpo associadas, como nervo mediano bífido, artéria mediana persistente e variações anatômicas do ramo recorrente do nervo mediano.
Fratura irredutível do colo do metacarpo devido a interposição dos tendões extensores
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Kumbar Rajendra , Kura Sagar Vishwanath , De Soumen Das 
Published: October 2021

ResumoUm jovem do sexo masculino com 15 anos de idade apresentou múltiplas fraturas da mão direita, incluindo fratura do colo do quinto metacarpo com grande angulação. As múltiplas tentativas de redução fechada falharam, sendo então realizada a redução aberta. Foi encontrado durante a cirurgia o tendão extensor interposto dentro da fratura, impedindo desta forma a redução fechada. O tendão foi liberado do sítio da fratura, de modo que foi obtida a redução adequada e a fratura foi estabilizada com fios de Kirschner. A fratura foi bem consolidada, com um bom retorno do movimento e da força. A interposição do tendão extensor é um cenário raro associado a fraturas do colo metacárpico, devendo se suspeitar dela quando houver perda completa de contato entre as extremidades da fratura e as várias tentativas de redução fechada falharem.
Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadida Zayyana Jasmine , Indriyanti Ratna , Setiawan Arlette Suzy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowth stunting is when children tend to be shorter than their peers through the World Health Organization child growth standard measurement. The condition may affect the development of the brain and other parts of the body, including the oral cavity, which manifests in oral hygiene and overall oral health. This systematic approach literature study aimed to evaluate the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in children. This study was conducted by using a literature review method with a systematic approach by searching for articles related to research topics on PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was adjusted to the inclusion category, which is research that discusses malnutrition and oral health published between 2010 and 2020—research conducted on boys and girls—from birth to 18 years. The exclusion categories used were articles that did not discuss growth stunting and oral health, and grey literature was excluded. The selection of articles was carried out by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach and resulted in 10 selected articles with details as follows: the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in three articles. A high plaque index in growth stunting children was found in two articles, and a decrease in saliva composition in growth stunting children was also found in two articles. Four articles showed a relationship between growth stunting and salivary flow rate. Lastly, one article showed the relationship between growth stunting and the incidence of dental caries. Despite the limitation of the review, the correlation between growth stunting and overall oral health in children can be seen through the oral hygiene index as moderate to low, high plaque index, decreased salivary flow rate, salivary composition, and dental caries in children with growth stunting.
Artroplastia total do quadril não cimentada em pacientes com osteoartrose secundária à doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes em comparação com a osteoartrose primária: Um estudo caso-controle
Authors: Sansanovicz Dennis , Croci Alberto Tesconi , Vicente José Ricardo Negreiros , Ejnisman Leandro , Miyahara Helder de Souza , Gurgel Henrique de Melo Campos 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Realizar uma avaliação clínica, funcional e radiográfica comparativa da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) realizada com prótese não cimentada em casos de osteoartrose secundária à doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes (DLCP) e em casos de osteoartrose primária.
Métodos No presente estudo caso-controle, foram revisados os prontuários dos pacientes internados em um hospital universitário entre os anos de 2008 e 2015. Os pacientes foram submetidos a ATQ devido a sequelas da DLCP, sendo comparados com um grupo controle de pacientes submetidos à mesma cirurgia por osteoartrose primária do quadril. Os pacientes foram recrutados para a realização de uma análise clínica, funcional e radiográfica, na qual foram comparadas as avaliações no pós-operatório imediato e na última consulta de acompanhamento, levando em consideração o tempo cirúrgico, o tamanho dos componentes protéticos e as complicações.
Resultados Comparamos 22 pacientes do grupo de estudo (25 quadris) com 22 pacientes (25 quadris) do grupo controle, todos os quais foram submetidos a ATQ com a mesma prótese não cimentada. Houve um maior comprometimento funcional no grupo de pacientes com sequelas da DLCP (p = 0,002). Ocorreram 4 fraturas periprotéticas femorais no intraoperatório do grupo DLCP, sendo que não ocorreu nenhuma no grupo de osteoartrose primária (p = 0,050).
Conclusões Existe um risco elevado de fratura periprotética femoral no intraoperatório com resultados clínico-funcionais mais desfavoráveis aos pacientes que foram submetidos à ATQ não cimentada devido a osteoartrose secundária às sequelas da DLCP do que naqueles que foram submetidos à mesma cirurgia por osteoartrose primária de quadril.
Poroma écrino associado a um hidradenoma poroide devido a coexistência de uma grande massa sobre o pé: Relato de caso
Authors: Nishikawa Danilo Ryuko Cândido , Silva Ana Caroline Leite da , Yano Marcos Yoshio , Miranda Bruno Rodrigues de , Chung Wu Tu 
Published: October 2021

ResumoO poroma écrino e o hidradenoma poroide são neoplasias poroides benignas raras, derivadas das glândulas sudoríparas écrinas. Existem quatro tipos de neoplasias poroides, conforme a posição na camada da pele, sendo denominadas hidroacantoma simples, poroma écrino, tumor do ducto dérmico e hidradenoma poroide. As neoplasias poroides geralmente surgem como uma lesão solitária, com crescimento lento, podendo apresentar diferentes apresentações clínicas, como massa sobre o pé, lesão ulcerada, cisto sólido, lesão hemorrágica ou suspeita de melanoma. As extremidades são os sítios mais comuns, especialmente as mãos e os pés. No entanto, a coexistência desses dois tumores em uma única lesão é extremamente rara. A excisão cirúrgica representa o principal tratamento, podendo ser curativa, prevenindo assim as alterações malignas e as recidivas. Descrevemos um raro tumor solitário no pé com características clínicas e histopatológicas de uma associação de poroma écrino e hidradenoma poroide tratado cirurgicamente sem recidiva no acompanhamento de médio prazo.
Nível de Evidência IV, Relato de Caso.
Detecção de microrganismos em dispositivos ortopédicos sonicados clínicos usando cultura convencional e qPCR
Authors: Ribeiro Victoria Stadler Tasca , Cieslinski Juliette , Bertol Julia , Schumacher Ana Laura , Telles João Paulo , Tuon Felipe Francisco 
Published: October 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real quantitativa (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR, em inglês) para a triagem do gene rDNA 16S, com a utilização do fluido sonicado de implantes ortopédicos.
Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado em 73 fluidos sonicados obtidos de pacientes com infecção associada aos implantes ortopédicos. As amostras foram submetidas a cultura convencional e a teste molecular utilizando ionização e dessorção a laser assistida por matriz com espectrometria de massa por tempo de voo (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS, em inglês) e qPCR para o gene rDNA 16S. Os valores limiares do ciclo foram usados para definir um ponto de corte para a qPCR do gene rDNA 16S para culturas negativas e positivas.
Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos de cultura positiva e negativa com base no tempo desde a primeira cirurgia até a infecção (p = 0,958), na idade (p = 0,269), ou nas comorbidades em geral. No entanto, uma diferença estatística foi encontrada entre a duração média do uso de antibióticos antes da remoção do dispositivo (3,41 versus 0,94; p = 0,016). O DNA bacteriano foi identificado em todas as amostras dos fluidos sonicados. Os limiares do ciclo médio de culturas positivas e negativas foram de 25,6 e 27,3, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico, um corte do limite do ciclo de 26,89 demonstrou uma área sob a curva da característica de operação do receptor de 0,877 (p ≤ 0,001).
Conclusão A presença de agentes antimicrobianos por mais de 72 horas diminuiu a positividade da cultura, mas não influenciou os resultados da qPCR. Apesar disso, a amplificação do rDNA 16S pode sobrestimar o diagnóstico de infecção.
Isolated Ascending Colon Varix: An Unusual Cause of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Dhar Jahnvi , Samanta Jayanta , Muktesh Gaurav , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEctopic varices, defined as dilated portosystemic veins located at unusual sites other than the gastroesophageal junction and fundus, have been reported in cases of cirrhosis with underlying portal hypertension. The common sites usually are the rectum and duodenum. Isolated colon varix is therefore a rare phenomenon and such varix presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleed as the first manifestation is still uncommon. A high index of clinical suspicion, timely imaging with full-length colonoscopy, and subsequent endoscopic therapy can effectively manage this rare entity.