bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot air‐assisted continuous infrared dryer for anchovy fish drying
Authors: Aniesrani Delfiya D. S. , Sneha R. , Prashob K. , Murali S. , Alfiya P. V. , Samuel Manoj P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to assess the application of a hot air‐assisted continuous infrared dryer for anchovy drying and to examine the drying characteristics of small‐ and large‐sized anchovy fish. Experiments were carried out at the infrared radiation intensities of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 W/m2 and IR source‐sample distances of 5, 10, 15 cm. The impact of IR intensity and distance between the IR source and sample on moisture content, drying efficiency, drying time, specific energy consumption, water activity, rehydration ratio, shrinkage, and surface color change were evaluated using statistical analysis. The most efficient drying parameters were observed at 2,000 W/m2, 10 cm, and 2,000 W/m2, 5 cm for small and large anchovy fish, respectively, based on the drying and quality characteristics of dried anchovy fish. This study ensured the potential application of a hot air‐assisted infrared drying system to acquire dried anchovy fish with increased shelf life.Practical ApplicationsAnchovies are highly nutritious and possess a lot of health benefits. They are rich in minerals, vitamins, and omega‐3 fatty acids, which help to promote brain and heart health. However, they are highly perishable because of the high moisture content. Hence, the shelf life can be extended by preservation using drying techniques. Dried anchovy fish is one of the popular traditional fish products, which can be added in curries and pickles because of their strong flavor. A better drying process will be resulted in good quality dried product and fetch high demand in the market. One such better drying method is infrared radiation drying, which provides rapid heating and faster moisture removal than other drying methods. Thus, hot air‐assisted infrared drying was employed in this study to produce dried anchovy fish with increased shelf life and better quality characteristics.
Hybrid infrared with hot air drying of Pisang‐Awak banana: Kinetics and shrinkage quality
Authors: Puangsuwan Kritsada , Jumrat Saysunee , Muangprathub Jirapond , Punvichai Teerask , Karrila Seppo , Pianroj Yutthapong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop the prototype drying system for drying the Pisang‐Awak (PA) banana. It was designed and implemented to study the drying kinetics in each drying mode: hot air drying (HA), infrared drying (IR), and hybrid drying (Hy). The experimental results were fit with simulation results from the finite element method (FEM). Two statistical parameters, the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error , were used to assess the fit between experimental results and simulation results, and their respective ranges were 0.960–0.997 and 0.014–0.050. For PA banana drying the most suitable drying mode is hybrid, combining 1.5 m/s flow of hot air and IR heating at 60°C drying temperature. The axial and radial shrinkages of PA banana were the largest in Hy mode at 60°C, namely 18.2 and 27.3%, respectively, and this choice gave the best/lowest specific energy consumption (SEC) for drying performance and the best final dried PA banana.Practical ApplicationsThe understanding of the drying kinetics and shrinkage properties of the dried PA banana is important for the choice of drying process because these reflect the quality of the dried product and help an engineer to design the drying system. Therefore, the empirical mathematical modeling of the drying process serves a crucial role in the food industry sector. These results can be used to quantify temperature and moisture content as functions of drying time to monitor the drying process of PA banana, saving energy and time.
The effect of real‐time monitoring of physical activity intensity in diabetic patients
Authors: Tanaka Rumi , Fujita Kimie , Maeno Satoko , Yakushiji Kanako , Tanaka Satomi , Ohnaka Keizo , Ashida Kenji , Sakamoto Shohei , Nomura Masatoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of an intensity display type accelerometer on diabetic patients' physical activity.MethodsThis was a two‐arm, non‐randomized controlled study. Both groups received information about the recommendation of 150 min/week moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The intervention group used an intensity display type accelerometer to monitor their physical activity intensity for 10 days at baseline and 3 months later. We compared intervention and control groups after 3 and 6 months. Primary outcomes were MVPA and number of steps over 7 days. Secondary outcomes were glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, and self‐management.ResultsOf 62 participants, 30 and 32 were included in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Mean age in each group was 59.7 ± 10.8 and 58.8 ± 10.2 years, and mean HbA1c was 6.9 ± 0.9% and 6.9 ± 0.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at either time point, and no outcomes showed significant changes. In a subgroup analysis by physical activity intensity, MVPA of active individuals in the control group significantly decreased at 6 months from baseline. MVPA and number of steps among inactive individuals in the intervention group significantly increased at 6 months from baseline. Self‐management of the intervention group showed a trend toward improvement, but HbA1c and body mass index showed no significant change.ConclusionsMonitoring physical activity intensity led to increased MVPA of inactive patients and maintained MVPA of active patients with diabetes mellitus. This straightforward intervention could be applied in clinical practice.
Primary Health Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Risk During COVID‐19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ashley Christine , James Sharon , Stephen Catherine , Mursa Ruth , McInnes Susan , Williams Anna , Calma Kaara , Halcomb Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeCOVID‐19 has presented health care professionals with unprecedented challenges. Significant risks have emerged as nurses have continued to work in delivering frontline health care during the pandemic. Feeling “at risk” has significant deleterious effects on nurses. The study sought to explore the perceptions of risk by Australian primary health care nurses (PHC) during COVID‐19.MethodsTwenty‐five Australian PHC nurses were purposively recruited from survey respondents who indicated a willingness to be interviewed. Phone interviews were undertaken between June and August 2020. Audio‐recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically.FindingsParticipants shared concerns about risks in the workplace that emerged during COVID‐19 and described the strategies used to mitigate these identified risks. Three themes were identified: (a) Professional concerns, (b) Personal/family concerns, and (c) Patient needs.ConclusionsUnderstanding PHC nurses’ perceptions of risk during COVID‐19 provides an important insight into how they can be better supported to manage the risks that they face and feel safer in their workplace. Ensuring that PHC nurses are well‐supported is important to optimize job satisfaction, reduce burnout and improve patient care.Clinical RelevanceThere is a need to ensure that nurses feel safe during crises such as pandemics to protect both individual nurses and the broader workforce. Protecting the health workforce is essential to optimizing service delivery and promoting health outcomes.
The effect of repeated video‐training session on metered doseinhaler skills among individuals with COPD: Prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: YILDIZ Ebru , ÇEÇEN Sultan , LAFCI Didem , EKER Aslı 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the effect of repeated video‐training sessions on the adequacy of metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) among individuals with COPD.BackgroundMDI devices facilitate the use of inhalation drugs in COPD patients and have become ever more important over the years. However, this device requires a certain level of hand‐to‐mouth coordination and cognitive ability. Since it has a high risk of application errors, training in its use is important to treatment success.DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsThis study was carried out from 1 February to 1 July 2017 with the participation of 40 COPD patients. The data were collected using a ‘Patient Information Request Form’ and an ‘MDI Skill Evaluation Form’. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study.ResultsIt was found that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the 1st measurement (p > .05), though the mean scores of the 5th measurement were significantly higher in the experimental group (p < .001). In the 5th measurement, it was identified that the control group had ‘moderate’ adequacy (3.20 ± 1.6), while the experimental group had ‘satisfactory’ adequacy (8.70 ± 1.17), indicating that the patients in the experimental group made fewer mistakes and showed improved adequacy.ConclusionIt was found that repeated video‐training sessions materially improved MDI skills.Relevance to clinical practice.Supporting the training on inhaler drug therapy with visual technological tools and regular checking of drug use will contribute to COPD management.
Immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 induced by infection or vaccination
Authors: Castro Dopico Xaquin , Ols Sebastian , Loré Karin , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptive immune responses play critical roles in viral clearance and protection against re‐infection, and SARS‐CoV‐2 is no exception. What is exceptional is the rapid characterization of the immune response to the virus performed by researchers during the first 20 months of the pandemic. This has given us a more detailed understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to many viruses that have been with us for a long time. Furthermore, effective COVID‐19 vaccines were developed in record time, and their rollout worldwide is already making a significant difference, although major challenges remain in terms of equal access. The pandemic has engaged scientists and the public alike, and terms such as seroprevalence, neutralizing antibodies, antibody escape and vaccine certificates have become familiar to a broad community. Here, we review key findings concerning B cell and antibody (Ab) responses to SARS‐CoV‐2, focusing on non‐severe cases and anti‐spike (S) Ab responses in particular, the latter being central to protective immunity induced by infection or vaccination. The emergence of viral variants that have acquired mutations in S acutely highlights the need for continued characterization of both emerging variants and Ab responses against these during the evolving pathogen‐immune system arms race.
Frequency of protracted bacterial bronchitis and management pre‐respiratory referral
Authors: Lau Gloria T Y , Laird Pamela , Stevenson Paul G , Schultz Andre 
Published: August 2021

AimTo determine the frequency of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children referred to tertiary care with chronic cough and describe management prior to referral.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all new patients with a history of ≥4 weeks of cough seen at the only tertiary paediatric outpatient respiratory service in Western Australia between July 2018 and June 2019. Medical records were reviewed until a final diagnosis was documented or otherwise for a period of 18 months.ResultsPBB was the most common cause and comprised 37.9% of all children referred to tertiary respiratory care with chronic cough. In children with PBB, the median cough duration at the time of first specialist review was 5.1 months (IQR 2.1–12.0 months). The most common referral source of PBB was primary practice (40.9%) and the most common working diagnosis pre‐referral was asthma (15.9%). Seventy‐eight percent of children with PBB had an ongoing cough at their first respiratory review, and of these, only 13.5% had been prescribed 4 weeks of antibiotics prior to their respiratory review. Asthma treatment had been prescribed for 34.0% of children with PBB.ConclusionPBB is the most common cause of chronic cough in children referred to tertiary respiratory care and is frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated pre‐referral. There is a need to facilitate diagnosis and optimal management of PBB in primary care, which could result in earlier symptom resolution and potentially limit disease progression to bronchiectasis.
Reducing asthma hospitalisations in at‐risk children: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Katherine Y H , Saxon Leanne , Robertson Colin , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: August 2021

AimTo identify interventions that reduce hospitalisations and improve related outcomes in children at risk of asthma hospital admissions.MethodsMedline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library search from January 2002 to April 2020. Inclusion criteria: randomised controlled trials of any intervention for children with asthma who are at risk of hospitalisations. Outcomes: hospitalisation (primary outcome), rescue oral corticosteroid use, school absences, quality of life and cost‐effectiveness.ResultsTwelve randomised controlled trials were conducted with 2719 participants. Due to heterogeneity of interventions and reporting of outcomes, a meta‐analysis was not conducted. Multi‐modal interventions comprising caregiver education, reduction of home environmental allergens and regular follow‐up reduced hospitalisations, rescue corticosteroid use and improved quality of life. Cost‐effectiveness was not reported. Three studies scored an overall low risk of bias, and nine had some concerns.ConclusionMulti‐modal interventions can be effective in reducing hospitalisations, rescue oral corticosteroid use and quality of life but cost‐effectiveness is unknown.
Depressed mood and repetitive negative thinking in Delayed Sleep–Wake Phase Disorder: Treatment effects and a comparison with good sleepers
Authors: Richardson Cele , Gradisar Michael 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCircadian dysregulation and depressed mood commonly co‐occur in young people, yet mechanisms linking Delayed Sleep–Wake Phase disorder (DSWPD) with depression are poorly understood. The present study aimed to examine the role of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), by comparing sleep, RNT and depressive symptomology between 40 ‘good’ sleeping young people and 63 with DSWPD, with (n = 30) and without (n = 33) self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed depression. Secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial was also undertaken to observe changes in depressive symptoms and RNT as a result of treatment for DSWPD. The 60 young people with DSWPD (mean [SD] age of 15.9 [2.2] years, 63% female) received either short (green) or long (red) wavelength bright light therapy (BLT) over 3 weeks. Cross‐sectional baseline comparisons revealed an escalating pattern of worse sleep, more RNT and higher depressed mood scores in the DSWPD young people compared to good sleepers. Across all participants, RNT accounted for the associations between sleep‐onset difficulties and depressed mood at baseline. Symptoms of depression, RNT and sleep onset difficulties in DSWPD individuals significantly improved after treatment (d = 0.47–0.65) and at the 1‐ (d = 0.43–1.00) and 3‐month follow‐up (d = 0.39–1.38), yet there were no differences between short‐ and long‐wavelength BLT. Results provide preliminary evidence that RNT may link delayed sleep phase with depression. BLT conferred sleep benefits, but also improvements in depressed mood and RNT, and thus represents a potentially cost‐effective strategy for young people experiencing delayed sleep phase and low mood.
COVID‐19 and the Liver: Lessons Learnt from the EAST and the WEST, A Year Later
Authors: Ekpanyapong Sirina , Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2 virus) has been a major cause for significant morbidity and mortality. Since the start of the pandemic, several hepato‐biliary manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been described and unique considerations raised. The review aims to summarize the pathogenesis and hepato‐biliary manifestations in COVID‐19 and discuss the similarities, contrasting features and disease‐specific management across a range of hepato‐biliary diseases from the EAST and the WEST. Published studies and regional society guidelines from the EAST and the WEST were comprehensively reviewed and summarized. A wide range of hepato‐biliary manifestations, including the infrequent and chronic manifestation of cholangiopathy, has been observed in COVID‐19. The pathogenesis of liver injury is multifactorial and with scant evidence for a direct SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the liver. Patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer are potentially at increased risk for severe COVID‐19, and there are unique considerations in chronic hepatitis B or C, hepatocellular carcinoma, and in those immunosuppressed such as autoimmune hepatitis or liver transplant recipients. With the surges in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, liver transplant activity has variably been impacted. Preliminarily, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines appear to be safe in those with chronic liver disease and in transplant recipients, while emerging data suggest the need for a third dose in immunosuppressed patients. In conclusion, patients with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, and liver transplant recipients, are vulnerable to severe COVID‐19. Over the past year, several unique considerations have been highlighted across a spectrum of hepato‐biliary diseases. Vaccination is strongly recommended for those with chronic liver disease and liver transplant recipients.
Evaluation of nutrient bioextraction by seaweed and shellfish aquaculture in Korea
Authors: Park Ji‐Sook , Shin Sook Kyung , Wu Hailong , Yarish Charles , Yoo Hyun Il , Kim Jang K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough Korea is third in seaweed production and second in shellfish production globally, this is the first study evaluating ecosystem services of seaweed and shellfish aquaculture in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate nutrient bioextraction capacities of major seaweed and shellfish species aquacultured in Korea. C (C) removal of three major aquacultured seaweed species, Neopyropia yezoensis, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida were 24,247, 8,423, and 12,758 tons, respectively, in 2016. N (N) removal of these species was 4,088, 732, and 1,244 tons, respectively. The C and N removal of the Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were 14,693 and 1,050 tons, respectively. Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum) removed 2,120 tons of C and 136.5 tons of N. Together, 161,846 tons of CO2 and 7,251 tons of N were removed by three major seaweed species and two shellfish species. These values are significant amounts, equivalent to 5.7% of CO2 and 8.6% of N discharged from all wastewater treatment plants in Korea. These results suggest that nutrient bioextraction by aquacultured seaweed and shellfish can be a cost efficient, affordable, and equitable solution for coastal nutrient management programs in Korea and elsewhere.
The Adc regulon mediates zinc homeostasis in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Pan Yangyang , Chen Yang , Chen Jiamin , Ma Qizhao , Gong Tao , Yu Shuxing , Zhang Qiong , Zou Jing , Li Yuqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc (Zn2+) is an essential divalent trace metal for living cells. Intracellular zinc homeostasis is critical to the survival and virulence of bacteria. Thus, the frequent fluctuations of salivary zinc, caused by the low physiological level and the frequent exogenous zinc introduction, present a serious challenge for bacteria colonizing the oral cavity. However, the regulation strategies to keep intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis in Streptococcus mutans, an important causative pathogen of dental caries, are unknown. Because zinc uptake is primarily mediated by an ATP‐binding ABC transporter AdcABC in Streptococcus strains, we examined the function of AdcABC and transcription factor AdcR in S. mutans in this study. The results demonstrated that deletion of either adcA or adcCB gene impaired the growth but enhanced the extracellular polymeric matrix production in S. mutans, both of which could be relieved after excessive Zn2+ supplementation. Using RNA sequencing analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction examination, LacZ‐reporter studies, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we showed that a MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) family transcription factor, AdcR, negatively regulates the expression of the genes adcR, adcC, adcB, and adcA by acting on the adcRCB and adcA promoters in response to Zn2+ concentration in their environmental niches. The deletion of adcR increases the sensitivity of S. mutans to excessive Zn2+ supply. Taken together, our findings suggest that Adc regulon, which consists of a Zn2+ uptake transporter AdcCBA and a Zn2+‐responsive repressor AdcR, plays a prominent role in the maintenance of intracellular zinc homeostasis of S. mutans.
Arthroscopic Hip Surgery versus Conservative Therapy on Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis of RCTs
Authors: Mok Tsz‐Ngai , He Qi‐yu , Teng Qiang , Sin Tat‐Hang , Wang Hua‐jun , Zha Zhen‐gang , Zheng Xiao‐fei , Pan Jing‐hua , Hou Hui‐ge , Li Jie‐ruo 
Published: August 2021

To determine the outcome and differences between arthroscopic hip surgery and conservative therapy in patients suffering from femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, we searched articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov using a Boolean search algorithm. Only randomized controlled trials comparing arthroscopic hip surgery and conservative therapy were included in this meta‐analysis of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome management. Two authors determined eligibility, extracted the needed data and assessed the risk of bias of eligible studies independently. Then we meta‐analyzed three articles to assess pooled estimate size (ES) and 95% confidence interval for Hip Outcome Score of activities of daily living (HOS ADL subscale), Hip Outcome Score sport (HOS sports subscale) and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT‐33) analyses were performed by using STATA version 14.0 MP (STATA, College Station, TX, USA) with the principal summary measures are mean between group difference, sample size, and standard deviation. We collected 52 articles in total after removing duplicates and screened by titles and abstracts. A total of three RCTs were included finally. There was definite evidence of additional benefit of arthroscopic hip surgery against conservative therapy in the field of improving quality of life (three trials, 575 participants, ES = 2.109, 95% CI: 1.373 to 2.845, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.000) and activity of daily living (two trials, 262 participants, ES = 9.220, 95% CI: 5.931 to 12.508, I2 = 16.5%, P = 0.000). However, no significant difference could be seen in sports function improvement (two trials, ES = 7.562, 95% CI: −2.957 to 18.082, I2 = 60.1%, P = 0.159). In conclusion, this meta‐analysis suggests that arthroscopic hip surgery provided essential benefit compared with conservative therapy in improving activity of daily living and quality of life.