bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between properties of commercial Australian honey and saliva: in vitro exploratory study of a potential mechanism in the treatment of oral mucositis
Authors: Hunter Maddison , McKune Andrew , Toohey Kellie , Naumovski Nenad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Oral mucositis is a debilitating oncology treatment side effect, with honey identified as a viable management option due to established wound-healing abilities. However, effects of saliva on properties attributed to honey’s wound-healing abilities is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify interactions between saliva, and antioxidant characteristics and pH of honey.

Methods
Saliva was collected from 15 healthy participants (Females n=9; mean age=34.1 ± 11.2 years). Centrifuged salivary supernatant, whole saliva, and water were independently used to dilute commercial Australian honeys (n=42). Antioxidant characteristics (DPPH and FRAP) and pH of diluted honeys were analysed, and differences between dilution conditions were determined.

Results
Honey and saliva dilutions increased antioxidant characteristics compared to water, and addition of honey to saliva reduced pH compared with saliva alone. There were significant differences between dilutions for FRAP and pH, and water and salivary conditions for DPPH (p<0.001). No difference was observed between salivary conditions for DPPH (p=0.931), suggesting smaller cells remaining in the supernatant possess antioxidant abilities. However, differences observed for FRAP suggest precipitable molecules, including epithelial and food debris, could provide additional antioxidant power.

Conclusions
The addition of saliva to honey may support properties attributed to honey’s wound-healing abilities and should be considered in the context of oral mucositis management.
Assessment of Q(OP)D(PO) bleachability of softwood kraft pulp
Authors: Starrsjö Sara , Boman Maria , Sevastyanova Olena , Lindström Mikael E. , Fiskari Juha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bleachability is evaluated as how easily a pulp sample is bleached and it depends on the structure of residual lignin and carbohydrates. Also, the bleachability varies depending on the bleaching sequence. ECF light sequences have been improved significantly in the recent years. However, we still don’t fully understand how ECF light bleach plants are optimally run. This work studies the bleachability of softwood kraft pulp in an ECF light bleaching sequence, (OO)Q(OP)D(PO). Three pulp samples with brown stock kappa number 27, 32 and 35 were bleached and studied for residual lignin, hexenuronic acid and carbohydrate content. It was found that in the bleaching stages that are highly delignifying, it is beneficial with a higher kappa number for the delignifying bleachability. However, in the bleaching stages where the objective is brightness increase, the brightness gain bleachability is improved by a lower kappa number. We also intended to determine which of the three samples had the best suited kappa number for this particular bleaching sequence. According to our results, the bleaching was most effective with kappa number around 32. Although an even higher kappa number resulted in higher yield after cooking, it seemed that this bleaching sequence cannot preserve the yield gain.
High-efficiency nano polishing of steel materials
Authors: Li Min , Karpuschewski Bernhard , Riemer Oltmann 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The application of a specific rheological polishing slurry is proposed first for high-efficiency machining of steel materials to achieve high-quality ultraprecision finished surfaces. The rheology of the polishing slurry was explored to show that the non-Newtonian medium with certain parameters of content components exhibits shear-thickening behavior. Then the new high-efficiency nano polishing approach is applied to process spherical surfaces of bearing steel. Several controllable parameters such as shear rheology, abrasive data, rotational speed, and processing time are experimentally investigated in this polishing process. A special finding is that the surface roughness and material removal rate can increase simultaneously when a small abrasive size is applied due to the thickening mechanism during the shearing flow of slurries. Excessive abrasives can decrease surface quality due to the uneven agglomeration of particles scratching the surface. Under optimized conditions, a high-accuracy spherical bearing steel surface with a roughness of 12.6 nm and roundness of 5.3 μm was achieved after a processing time of 2.5 h. Thus, a potential ultraprecision machining method for target materials is obtained in this study.
What is in the Dash? An Examination of the Life and Contributions of John B. Flege, Jr., MD
Authors: Merrill Walter H 
Published: September 2021

It is, indeed, a privilege to stand here before you this morning to give the annual Flege Lecture. Dr. Sande Starnes has kindly supplied me with a list of prior visiting professors, who previously have had the honor to deliver this talk. When we examine the names of those who have been so honored, and note their many accomplishments, I cannot help but remember the words of Winston Churchill, who, when speaking of another person, could well have been speaking of me, when he described “a modest little person, with much to be modest about.”
The Problem of the Colonized: Lessons from Sierra Leone and Africville
Authors: Doan Cindy 
Published: September 2021

This article engages with the complexities of power and decolonization. It situates Africville's destruction as part of a grander pattern of colonialism in which negative spaces were created for Black people in order to justify systemic change. This change was motivated by white self-interest, ostensibly presented as acts of salvation.
Characterization of Colletotrichum siamense causing crown rot of strawberry in Jingzhou, Hubei Province
Authors: LUO Chun , HU Yuyang , SHU Bo 
Published: September 2021

Crown rot (Colletotrichum siamense) of strawberry is a severe disease in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. Pathogen identification is the basis for disease prevention and resistance breeding. Nearly fifty isolates were achieved from 192 crown rot samples in this study. A number of 21 isolates were characterized as the pathogen of crown rot of strawberry by Koch’s postulates, and they were identified as Colletotrichum spp. by conidia morphology observation. The 21 isolates were divided into three groups based on colony morphology, and SCR-7, SCR-11 and SCR-16 belonged to each group were clustered into one group with C. siamense isolates by phylogenetic analysis of actin, β-Tubulin 2 and calmodulin sequences. In addition, the isolates of C. siamense SCR-7 showed the strongest pathogenicity of the three which caused highest values of lesion length and leaf temperature, and lowest leaf water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity and even transpiration rate values. This study contributes to updating the Colletotrichum species associated with strawberry of China.
Convulsive status epilepticus in children in Mozambique: Is there a treatment gap?
Authors: Sourbron Jo Marie. B. , Lagae Lieven , Sulemane Dalila Ibrahimo 
Published: September 2021

Background: Optimal care of Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) can be related to multiple barriers in resource-limited countries.
Objectives and methods: Since limited data of CSE management are available from South-East Africa, we performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic records of pediatric patients with CSE admitted to the Maputo Central hospital from January 2016 until April 2019.
Results: Our database consisted out of 39 patients. The average age was 5.15 (range 0.3-13.8) years and demographic characteristics did not show a relation to CSE characteristics or outcomes. However, the total stay in the hospital was negatively correlated with age (p=0.0314). Moreover, 14 patients needed to be admitted to the IC, which was correlated to having generalized motor seizures (p=0.0253), and a relatively higher need for a second AED to control their CSE (p=0.0131). Regarding AED use, the first AED was a IV benzodiazepine (BZD: midazolam (MIDA) or diazepam (DIAZ)) or IV phenytoin (PHEN) when BZDs were not available. There was no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of MIDA vs. DIAZ. Eleven patients received PHEN as a second-line drug, of which only two patients needed an additional dose of PHEN. None of the patients died and five patients (13.2%) had an extra comorbidity after CSE.
Conclusions: Although limited AEDs were available in our study, compared to more AEDs in other developing and developed countries, we report the successful cessation of CSE in the majority of cases. We recommend strategies to improve prehospital management such as the use of non-IV BZD use, to limit the need for patients to be admitted to the IC and thereby potentially decreasing the number of AEDs, morbidity and hospital duration. Moreover, our data underline the conversion to second-line AEDs (PHEN) to be adequate in nearly all patients.
Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Ultrasonikasi terhadap Ekstrak Fikoeritrin dari Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Putri Anne Mumtaza , Uju  , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah 
Published: September 2021

Kappaphycus alvarezii merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut merah (Rhodophyta) yang mengandung pigmen fikobiliprotein. Rumput laut merah didominasi oleh fikobiliprotein berjenis fikoeritrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh jenis pelarut dan waktu akselerasi ekstraksi ultrasonikasi terhadap pigmen fikoeritrin. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan secara bertahap menggunakan pelarut akuades, CaCl2 dan buffer fosfat dengan akselerasi ultrasonikasi 35-55 menit. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak pigmen fikoeritrin K. alvarezii menggunakan akuades menghasilkan warna pigmen lebih pekat dibanding buffer fosfat dan CaCl2, menunjukkan konsentrasi tertinggi sebesar 0,057 mg/mL, dan indeks kemurnian sebesar 0,189. Pelarut air aman digunakan karena air tidak memiliki daya toksik. Maka, tidak perlu dilakukan uji pendahuluan toksisitas pelarut. Lebih ekonomis dibandingkan dengan jenis pelarut lainnya. Ekstraksi pigmen fikoeritrin menggunakan pelarut akuades selama 45 menit menghasilkan warna pigmen lebih pekat. Konsentrasi pigmen fikoeritrin sebelum dan sesudah presipitasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,170 mg/mL dan 0,421 mg/mL. Indeks kemurnian pigmen fikoeritrin sebelum dan sesudah presipitasi berturut-turut sebesar 0,301 dan 0,831. Aktivitas antioksidan (% Inhibisi) terbaik ada pada konsentrasi pigmen fikoeritrin 50 ppm dan 80 ppm dengan lama waktu ekstraksi 45 menit berturut-turut sebesar 62% dan 89%. Profil protein dengan SDS-Page menunjukkan fikoeritrin memiliki bobot molekul 16,27 kDa pada subunit α, 17,79 kDa pada subunit β, dan 30,60 kDa pada subunit γ.
Revisiting the Universal Service Obligation Scheme
Authors: Moorhead Simon 
Published: September 2021

In this Journal’s tradition of revisiting past papers which have relevance to today’s events, this article reminds us of the value of the paper “Better telecommunications services for all Australians.” (2015) by Reg Coutts. This paper makes five interrelated recommendations to replace the current Universal Service Obligation (USO) policy in Australia, given the NBN rollout and customer preference for mobile services anywhere anytime. Some of its recommendations were arguably taken up by the Productivity Commission’s Public Inquiry into the USO in 2016-17, and implemented by the Australian Government in the form of a new Universal Service Guarantee.
Gender based differences in lipid profile and other novel atherogenic risk factors in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Jaidev Arpita , Shah Hitesh , Chaturvedi Mayank K. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Utilization of lipids and lipoproteins gets altered in diabetes mellitus (DM) leading to atherogenic dyslipidemia. This study evaluates cardiovascular risk profile of diabetic men and women, including conventional lipid profile and novel risk factors namely lipid ratios, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index.Methods: In all 200 diabetic patients (100 males and 100 females) aged 18-65 years who were under treatment were randomly sampled for the study. Socio-demographic data were collected. Glycated hemoglobin levels, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, were estimated using standard procedures. Anthropometric variables such body mass index (BMI) was measured, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also taken. There was no difference between men and women with respect to duration of DM and type of treatment.Results: Lipid profile estimates showed that diabetic females had higher level of total cholesterol (TC) (198.07 vs 169.5 mg/dl) and higher level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (43.99 vs. 41 mg/dl) as compared to males. All the parameters that are raised total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were observed in significantly higher proportion of females as compared to males. The values of atherogenic indices [CR1, CR2, AC and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)] for both genders were higher than the baseline value. In this study females had higher mean non-HDL 154 mg/dl as compared to males mean non-HDL 129 mg/dl and this study showed that female participants held on in high-risk AIP category and so they were at a higher risk of developing coronary heart condition.Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was observed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients.
Impact of single dose versus multidose prophylactic antibiotics in elective hernia repair: an institutional study
Authors: Durai Ramula M. , Mohamed Noorul 
Published: September 2021

Background: Antibiotics used prophylactically in anticipation of surgery-related infection are not indicated for elective surgical procedures where the chance of infection is very low and the expected benefit of antimicrobial treatment is not well documented. Routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in clean cases and the difficulty in balancing the benefits of the intervention with the potential adverse drug reaction is debatable. There are not much randomized, controlled trials or patient-specific information to assess his balance precisely, but only general guidelines for the clinician to decide for his patients. This study was conducted in our Institute to inquire the basis that prevention of surgery related infection in elective groin hernia repairs equally effective when patients were given either preoperative single-dose or multi-dose antibiotics postoperatively.Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study, 100 eligible patients who were admitted for elective hernioplasty, were randomly assigned in two equal groups with 50 each. Single dose (SD) group was given a single antibiotic of 2 gm parental amoxycillin-clavulanic acid at the time of induction of anesthesia. The multidose group was given through intravenous route same antibiotic (2 gm) preoperatively followed by amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (1 gm) twice a day for two days in their post-operative period also and their effect compared.Results: In the single-dose prophylactic antibiotic group (group I) the surgery related infection rate was only 8%, compared to those who received postoperative multiple-dose groups (group II).Conclusions: The postoperative wound-related infection rate after a single dose antibiotic parenterally at the induction of anesthesia is favorably compared with that of multiple-dose antibiotics.
Long term outcomes following pyeloplasty for unilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction in paediatric patients
Authors: Inugala Anusiri 
Published: September 2021

Background: Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is the most common cause of pediatric hydronephrosis. The gold standard treatment for PUJO is Anderson hynes (AH) dismembered pyeloplasty. The parameters to assess the post-operative outcomes of pyeloplasty include reduction in the AP diameter of the pelvis and increase in parenchymal thickness. The aim of the study was to find out the long-term outcomes following pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in paediatric patients.Methods: A prospective study was done from September, 2014 to January, 2019. All children above the age of 2 months who presented with unilateral PUJO were included in the study. All patients underwent ultrasound of the kidneys and diuretic renogram. All patients underwent AH dismembered pyeloplasty. Success was defined as both symptomatic relief and radiographic resolution of obstruction at the last follow-up visit.Results: 60 patients with unilateral intrinsic PUJO were included in this study. Post-operatively split renal function (SRF) improved in 42 patients, remained stable in 13, and deteriorated in 5 cases. Post-operative renal drainage improved in 40 patients, remained stable in 15 and deteriorated in 5. The degree of hydronephrosis deteriorated in 5 cases but improved or was preserved in 55 cases. The renal parenchyma deteriorated in 7 cases. Overall success rate of AH dismembered pyeloplasty was 92%.Conclusions: Dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and effective treatment of PUJO in the pediatric population. Majority of the patients had an improved split renal function, renal drainage, cortical thickness, and decreased degree of hydronephrosis.
Clinical assessment of novel plant-based moisturizer “Elovera” in management of dry skin conditions
Authors: Deshmukh Gaurav Anil , Dhoot Dhiraj S. , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: September 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Moisturizers are major component of basic daily skin care in patients with eczema/dermatitis. Botanical ingredients like aloe vera extract having anti-inflammatory property can be useful in reducing signs and symptoms along with improvement in dry skin in such patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>It was retrospective data analysis conducted across 145 centres in India. Patients with eczema/dermatitis who were prescribed Elovera a novel plant-based moisturizer were included in the study. Effectiveness was assessed by evaluating improvement in DASI score, physicians, and patients’ global assessment of disease. Safety was assessed by monitoring all the adverse events reported by the patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 402 patients were included in the study. There was significant improvement in mean baseline DASI score with with a reduction of 40.57% and 84.8% at week 2 and week 4, respectively. 86.31% (n=347) and 85.32% (n=343) patients reported significant improvement in their disease as per physician’s and patients’ global assessment of disease. Elovera was well tolerated and only 5 patients reported mild irritation and erythema during treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result of our study proves that “Elovera” a novel plant-based moisturizer is associated with significant improvement in dry skin, signs, and symptoms of patients with eczema/dermatitis. Based on these results concomitant use of Elovera can be considered along with standard treatment for better outcome in patients with eczema/dermatitis. </p>
Clinico-radiological profile of COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital of western Rajasthan
Authors: Soni Priyanka , Kumar Soni Laxman , Agarwal K.C 
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection by COVID-19 can result in a range of clinical outcomes, from asymptomatic to severe life-threatening course or death. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the presentation of COVID19 disease based on the clinical and radiological characteristics of our population. 100 COVID19 patients recorded by RTPCR. Clinical, biochemical and radiological data from April-May, 2021. Of the 100 patients, in our study 66% were males and 26% patients had history of recent travel. Majority of patients were asymptomatic and don’t have comorbid illness. Thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum ferritin and C-reactive protein were common in these patients. CT finding were 63% had normal CT chest. Among the 37% patients who had CT chest findings, 25% had bilateral diseases, 8% patients had right lung involvement while 4% patients have left lung involvement. COVID-19 disease has a relatively mild course in this part of the subcontinent. Clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in viral diseases. Studies involving larger sample size and interventional trials are need of the hour.
A study to assess the cholesterol levels in pleural fluid and its role in differentiate between exudative and transudate pleural effusion
Authors: Sharvegar Raghurama , Babu S R Chandrik 
Published: September 2021

The pathophysiology of the transudate pleural effusion occurs when the systemic factors are involved in the formation and absorption of plural effusion, where the source of pleural fluid is originating from Lung, Peritoneal or Pleural Cavity. The origin of exudative pleural fluid effusion is when capillaries or the pleural surfaces where the fluid originates gets altered. Hence when we the pleural fluid is found to be transudate further diagnostic evaluation is not required and treat the systemic disease affecting it and if the fluid is exudate we need to investigate further to find out the cause of effusion. To assess the role of pleural fluid cholesterol in differentiating exudative and transudative pleural effusion. : The present cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Chest and Respiratory Medicine at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 cases of clinically confirmed cases of pleural effusion cases were selected for the purpose of the study. Based on the Light’s Criteria the Pleural Fluid was analyzed and 94% of them were classified as exudates and 6% of them to be transudates and Pleural fluid cholesterol of more than 45mg/dl 74% of them were exudates and 26% of them were transudates. In the present study based on final diagnosis out of 74 subjects who were classified as exudates, 72 subjects were classified as exudates and misclassified 2 cases as transudate. Lights Criteria diagnosed only 4 cases as transudate pleural fluid among the 26 cases of transudate pleural fluid based on final diagnosis Light‘s criteria is the most accepted criteria for differentiating between exudates and transudate in pleural effusion. By the Present study we could conclude that the estimation of Pleural Cholesterol Level has good sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value than lights criteria in diagnosing exudative and transudate Pleural Fluid.
“That Makes Sense Now!": Bicultural Middle School Students’ Learning in a Culturally Relevant Science Classroom
Authors: Kim Deoksoon , Kim So Lim , Barnett Mike 
Published: September 2021

This study describes how culturally relevant pedagogy in a project-based science class improved student engagement and comprehension. We focus on bicultural students exploring cultural objects and household inventions with family members, connecting scientific concepts to their families’ funds of knowledge. We use a multiple-case study design to explore six middle school bicultural students’ experiences with culturally relevant activities. Findings describe bidirectional knowledge transfer between the home and the classroom in a way that engaged students, affirmed their home cultures, and facilitated subject matter learning.