bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Gunshot Injury Traversing the Neck with an Unexpected Nonlinear Bullet Trajectory: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Matsui Yuuki , Iguchi Sena , Sato Emiri , Sato Yoichiro , Shindo Ken , Ishida Michiko , Saito Yutaka , Nakamura Kazuki , Kushima Yu , Nishiwaki Masao , Imanishi Yorihisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGunshot injuries involving the head and neck region yield profound morbidity and mortality rates. Projectile-related factors comprising various physical and dynamic properties of a bullet, as well as tissue-related factors, determine the disruptive effects of projectiles on living tissues. We experienced an extremely unusual case of a gunshot injury to the neck, wherein the bullet transversely penetrated across the deep neck structures to the contralateral side of the shoulder without damaging any vital organs. A 51-year-old man presented with a gunshot wound to the neck from a point-blank range. A bullet entry hole was observed on the left side of the neck without an exit hole; however, the patient was conscious, vital signs were normal, and no active bleeding, cranial nerve palsy, or aero-digestive tract injury was found. Imaging tests revealed a bullet lying in front of the right humeral head, which was extracted by emergency surgery. The patient was uneventfully discharged. According to the localization of the damaged tissues and the positional relationship between the bullet’s entrance and its destination, the bullet was estimated to have nonlinearly traversed the neck by traveling through the interstructural spaces associated with the least tissue resistance. Our experience strongly suggests the importance of realizing the unpredictable nature of a bullet trajectory in a body. An appropriate understanding of various ballistic factors and wounding mechanisms can be of great help in the adequate assessment and management of patients with gunshot injuries.
Influence of frying parameters and optimization of deep fat frying conditions on the physicochemical and textural properties of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers
Authors: Faloye O. R. , Sobukola O. P. , Shittu T. A. , Bakare H. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Influence of deep fat frying parameters on quality attributes of chicken nuggets from FUNAAB-Alpha broilers and optimization of the process using Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology was investigated. Fried chicken nuggets were obtained using frying temperature (155–175 °C), frying time (3–7 min) and sample thickness (0.5–2.5 cm) as independent variables. Oil and moisture contents, texture (hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and springiness) and colour (L*, a* and b*) of samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Significance of each term in polynomial regression equations was evaluated on quality attributes. The accuracy of the regression models varied between 0.727 and 0.939. The effect of frying temperature on quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets was more significant (p > 0.05). The optimum frying temperature, frying time and sample thickness are determined as 175 °C, 3 min, 2.32 cm, respectively. Absolute percent error between optimized and experimental data were within the acceptable limit.

Graphic abstract
Biologia futura: embryo–maternal communication via progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) positive embryo-derived extracellular vesicles. Their role in maternal immunomodulation
Authors: Szekeres-Bartho Julia , Csabai Timea , Gorgey Eva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaternal antigens expressed by the foetus are recognized as foreign. Therefore,—according to the rules of transplantation immunity—the foetus ought to be “rejected”. However, during normal gestation, maternal immune functions are re-adjusted, in order to create a favourable environment for the developing foetus. Some of the mechanisms that contribute to the altered immunological environment, for example, the cytokine balance and NK cell function, with special emphasis on the role of progesterone and the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) will be reviewed.
Selective Harvesting Robotics: Current Research, Trends, and Future Directions
Authors: Kootstra Gert , Wang Xin , Blok Pieter M. , Hemming Jochen , van Henten Eldert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The world-wide demand for agricultural products is rapidly growing. However, despite the growing population, labor shortage becomes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Further automation of agriculture is an important solution to tackle these challenges.

Recent Findings
Selective harvesting of high-value crops, such as apples, tomatoes, and broccoli, is currently mainly performed by humans, rendering it one of the most labor-intensive and expensive agricultural tasks. This explains the large interest in the development of selective harvesting robots. Selective harvesting, however, is a challenging task for a robot, due to the high levels of variation and incomplete information, as well as safety.

Summary
This review paper provides an overview of the state of the art in selective harvesting robotics in three different production systems; greenhouse, orchard, and open field. The limitations of current systems are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
Use of flexible work practices and employee outcomes: the role of work–life balance and employee age
Authors: Ferdous Tahrima , Ali Muhammad , French Erica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlexible work practices (FWPs) give employees some control over when and where they work. Using boundary theory and role balance theory, this study proposes and tests a mediation model focusing on how the relationships between FWPs usage and employee outcomes (i.e., wellbeing and turnover intention) are mediated by work−life balance (WLB). It also tests the moderating role of employee age on the relationship between WLB and employee outcomes using socioemotional selectivity theory. The model was tested using survey data from 293 employees of an Australian for-profit organization. The findings indicate that FWPs usage is positively associated with WLB, WLB is positively associated with wellbeing and negatively with turnover intentions, and WLB partially mediates the relationships between FWPs usage and employee outcomes. The results provide partial support that employee age moderates the relationship between WLB and turnover intentions. Theoretical, research and practical contributions are discussed.
Violation of the Global Ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabagh: A Viral Amplification of Aggression
Authors: Chekijian Sharon , Bazarchyan Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn March 23, 2020, the United Nations (UN) made an “Appeal for a Global Ceasefire following the Outbreak of Coronavirus.” Despite this appeal, the Nagorno-Karabagh war was instigated on September 27, 2020. This Guest Editorial frames the conflict in the context of the UN appeal and by introducing a figure that plots seven-day average coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases overlaid with key inflection points to illustrate the clear impact that conflict has had on pandemic spread in Armenia. The conflict in Nagorno-Karabagh provides a timely, concise, and illustrative example of conflict and its impact on health. Finally, an argument is made that the ability to enforce the UN “Appeal for a Global Ceasefire” is essential to ensure global health and security.
Dissociation of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control in Individuals with Schizotypy: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Jia Lu-xia , Qin Xiao-jing , Cui Ji-fang , Shi Hai-song , Ye Jun-yan , Yang Tian-xiao , Wang Ya , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Patients with schizophrenia and individuals with schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, have been found to have impairments in cognitive control. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMC) framework hypothesises that cognitive control can be divided into proactive and reactive control. However, it is unclear whether individuals with schizotypy have differential behavioural impairments and neural correlates underlying these two types of cognitive control.Method:Twenty-five individuals with schizotypy and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) completed both reactive and proactive control tasks with electroencephalographic data recorded. The proportion of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated in a classic colour-word Stroop task to induce proactive or reactive control. Proactive control was induced in a context with mostly incongruent (MI) trials and reactive control in a context with mostly congruent (MC) trials. Two event-related potential (ERP) components, medial frontal negativity (MFN, associated with conflict detection) and conflict sustained potential (conflict SP, associated with conflict resolution) were examined.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioural results. In terms of ERP results, in the MC context, HC exhibited significantly larger MFN (360–530 ms) and conflict SP (600–1000 ms) amplitudes than individuals with schizotypy. The two groups did not show any significant difference in MFN or conflict SP in the MI context.Conclusions:The present findings provide initial evidence for dissociation of neural activation between proactive and reactive cognitive control in individuals with schizotypy. These findings help us understand cognitive control deficits in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Community midwives’ and health visitors’ experiences of research recruitment: a qualitative exploration using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Rose Jennie , Lynn Kieran , Akister Jane , Maxton Fiona , Redsell Sarah A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Successful research is frequently hampered by poor study recruitment, especially in community settings and with participants who are women and their children. Health visitors (HVs) and community midwives (CMs) are well placed to invite young families, and pregnant and postnatal women to take part in such research, but little is known about how best to support these health professionals to do this effectively.

Aim:
This study uses the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore the factors that influence whether HVs and CMs invite eligible patients to take part in research opportunities.

Method:
HVs (n = 39) and CMs (n = 22) working in four NHS Trusts and one community partnership in England completed an anonymous, online survey with open-ended questions about their experiences of asking eligible patients to take part in the research. Qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis and inductive coding to identify specific barriers and enablers to patient recruitment within each of the 14 theoretical domains.

Findings:
Six key TDF domains accounted for 81% of all coded responses. These were (a) environmental context and resources; (b) beliefs about capabilities; (c) social/professional role and identity; (d) social influences; (e) goals; (f) knowledge. Key barriers to approaching patients to participate in the research were time and resource constraints, perceived role conflict, conflicting priorities, and particularly for HVs, negative social influences from patients and researchers. Enablers included feeling confident to approach patients, positive influence from peers, managers and researchers, beliefs in the relevance of this behaviour to health care and practice and good knowledge about the study procedures, its rationale and the research topic. The findings suggest that to improve research recruitment involving HVs and CMs, a package of interventions is needed to address the barriers and leverage the enablers to participant approach.
Development in astronomy in Ethiopia and East-Africa through nuclear activity in galaxies
Authors: Pović Mirjana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper we summarise the research that is currently going on in Ethiopia and East-Africa in extragalactic astronomy and physics of active galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The study is focused on some of the still open questions such as: what are the stellar ages and populations of ultra hard X-ray detected AGN and connection between AGN and their host galaxies?, what are the properties of AGN in galaxy clusters and the role that environment has in triggering nuclear activity?, what are the morphological properties of AGN and how precisely we can deal with morphological classification of active galaxies?, what are the properties of galaxies in the green valley and the role of AGN in galaxy evolution?, and what are the properties of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars (QSO) and dichotomy between the two?. Each of these questions has been developed under one specific project that will be briefly introduced. These projects involve 6 PhD and 3 MSc students and collaborations between Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, Spain, Italy, and Chile. With all projects we aim: first, to contribute to our general knowledge about AGN, and second, to contribute to the development in astronomy and science in Ethiopia and East-Africa.
Star formation and AGN activities in selected nearby HII galaxies in the LeMMINGS survey
Authors: Obi Ikechukwu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate the relative fraction of the emission generated by star formation and nuclear activities in 6 nearby HII galaxies selected from the first high resolution radio data release of LeMMINGS, the Legacy e-MERLIN Multi-band Imaging of Nearby Galaxies Survey. These galaxies are supposed to be powered solely by star formation according to the BPT diagram but exhibit jetted morphologies on parsec scales indicating the presence of a low luminosity AGN. We further carried out a multi-wavelength SED fiiting and analysis using the CIGALE code, estimating stellar masses and star formation rates.
Towards a new paradigm of dust structure in AGN: Dissecting the mid-IR emission of Circinus galaxy
Authors: Stalevski Marko , Asmus Daniel , Tristram Konrad R. W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent mid-infrared (MIR) observations of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), revealed that their dust emission appears prominently extended in the polar direction, at odds with the expectations from the canonical dusty torus. This polar dust, tentatively associated with dusty winds driven by radiation pressure, is found to have a major contribution to the MIR flux from a few to hundreds of parsecs. One such source with a clear detection of polar dust is a nearby, well-known AGN in the Circinus galaxy. We proposed a phenomenological model consisting of a compact, thin dusty disk and a large-scale polar outflow in the form of a hyperboloid shell and demonstrated that such a model is able to explain the peculiar MIR morphology on large scales seen by VLT/VISIR and the interferometric data from VLTI/MIDI that probe the small scales. Our results call for caution when attributing dust emission of unresolved sources entirely to the torus and warrant further investigation of the MIR emission in the polar regions of AGN.
A new tool to derive chemical abundances in type-2 active galactic nuclei
Authors: García-Benito Rubén , Pérez-Montero Enrique , Dors Oli L. , Vlchez José M. , Cardaci Monica V. , Hägele Guillermo F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstarctWe present a new tool for the analysis of the optical emission lines of the gas in the Narrow Line Region (NLR) around Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). This new tool can be used in large samples of objects in a consistent way using different sets of optical emission-lines taking into the account possible variations from the O/H - N/O relation. The code compares certain observed emission-line ratios with the predictions from a large grid of photoionization models calculated under the most usual conditions in the NLR of AGNs to calculate the total oxygen abundance, nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio and ionization parameter. We applied our method to a sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies with optical emission-line fluxes from the literature. Our results confirm the high metallicity of the objects of the sample and provide consistent values with the direct method. The usage of models to calculate precise ICFs is mandatory when only optical emission lines are available to derive chemical abundances using the direct method in NLRs of AGN.
AGN1 vs AGN2 dichotomy as seen from the point of view of ionized outflows
Authors: Sani Eleonora 
Published: January 2021

AbstractI present a detailed study of ionized outflows in a large sample of 650 hard X-ray detected AGN. Taking advantage of the legacy value of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS, DR1), we are able to reveal the faintest wings of the [OIII] emission lines associated with outflows. The sample allows us to derive the incidence of outflows covering a wide range of AGN bolometric luminosity and test how the outflow parameters are related with various AGN power tracers, such as black hole mass, Eddington ratio, luminosity. I’ll show how ionized outflows are more frequently found in type 1.9 and type 1 AGN (50% and 40%) with respect to the low fraction in type 2 AGN (20%). Within such a framework, I’ll demonstrate how type 2 AGN outflows are almost evenly balanced between blue- and red-shifted winds. This, in strong contrast with type 1 and type 1.9 AGN outflows which are almost exclusively blue-shifted. Finally, I’ll prove how the outflow occurrence is driven by the accretion rate, whereas the dependence of outflow properties with respect to the other AGN power tracers happens to be quite mild.
Discovery of new changing look in NGC 1566
Authors: Oknyansky Victor L. , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Lipunov Vladimir M. , Gorbovskoy Evgeny S. , Tyurina Nataly V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present continuation of the multi-wavelength (from X-ray to optical) monitoring of the nearby changing look (CL) active galactic nucleus in the galaxy NGC 1566 performed with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory,the MASTER Global Robotic Network over the period 2007–2019. We also present continuation of optical spectroscopy using the South African Astronomical Observatory 1.9-m telescope between Aug. 2018 and Mar. 2019. We investigate remarkable re-brightenings in of the light curve following the decline from the bright phase observed at Dec. 2018 and at the end of May 2019. For the last optical spectra (31 Nov. 2018–28 Mar. 2019) we see dramatic changes compared to 2 Aug. 2018, accompanied by the fading of broad emission lines and high-ionization [FeX]6374Å line. Effectively, one more CL was observed for this object: changing from Sy1.2 to the low state as Sy 1.8–Sy1.9 type. Some possible explanations of the observed CL are discussed.
The BLR physics from the long-term optical monitoring of type-1 AGN
Authors: Ilić Dragana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe variation of optical continuum and broad emission lines is observed in all type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). In some cases even extreme variability is detected when broad-line profiles completely disappear as is the case in the co-called changing-look AGN, which raise new question on the theoretical model of AGN. This variability is an important tool to study the physics and geometry of the broad line region (BLR), e.g. it can be used to estimate its size through the reverberation mapping technique. Especially, long-term campaigns give new insights, like the detection of the periodic signals or discoveries of changing-look AGN. Here we will present the results of our long-term monitoring campaign of several well-known AGN, as e.g. NGC 3516 for which we confirm that it is the changing-look AGN, putting special attention of the applications for future large time-domain spectroscopic surveys, like the MaunaKea Spectroscopic Explorer project.
Properties of X-ray detected far-IR AGN in the green valley
Authors: Mahoro Antoine , Pović Mirjana , Väisänen Petri , Nkundabakura Pheneas , Nyiransengiyumva Beatrice , van der Heyden Kurt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analysed active galactic nuclei in the “green valley” by comparing active and non-active galaxies using data from the COSMOS field. We found that most of our X-ray detected active galactic nuclei with far-infrared emission have star formation rates higher than the ones of normal galaxies of the same stellar mass range.
Study of AGN contribution on morphological parameters of their host galaxies
Authors: Getachew-Woreta Tilahun , Pović Mirjana , Masegosa Josefa , Perea Jaime , Beyoro-Amado Zeleke , Márquez Isabel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe tested how the AGN contribution (5%–75% of the total flux) may affect different morphological parameters commonly used in galaxy classification. We carried out all analysis at z ∼ 0 and at higher redshifts that correspond to the COSMOS field. Using a local training sample of >2000 visually classified galaxies, we carried out all measurements with and without the central source, and quantified how the contribution of a bright nuclear point source could affect different morphological parameters, such as: Abraham and Concelice-Bershady indices, Gini, Asymmetry, M20 moment of light, and Smoothness. We found that concentration indexes are less sensitive to both redshift and brightness in comparison to the other parameters. We also found that all parameters change significantly with AGN contribution. At z ∼ 0, up to a 10% of AGN contribution the morphological classification will not be significantly affect, but for ⩾ 25% of AGN contribution late-type spirals follow the range of parameters of elliptical galaxies and can therefore be misclassified early types.
AGN, host galaxies, and starbursts
Authors: Väisänen Petri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAGN by definition live in galaxies. Despite a long history of studies, there is still much ongoing research into the interplay of the nucleus and the host galaxy, how do they affect each other, how is their evolution intertwined. This review will briefly go over the historical developments behind the current understanding of AGN host galaxies, their types and characteristics. It will discuss the starburst and AGN connection in particular, and how these phenomena may be connected or influence each other by means of e.g. gas flows. Finally, some examples of AGN/starburst evolution studies from SALT and other large telescopes will be presented.
Hosts of jetted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies in near-infrared
Authors: Järvelä Emilia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHost galaxy morphology studies of jetted narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1) are scarce. Although it seems that they are mostly hosted by late-type galaxies the results remain inconclusive, mostly due to the small sample size. Increasing the number of studied sources is crucial to achieve statistically significant results and to establish a preferred host type for jetted NLS1s. To this end we observed the host galaxies of nine NLS1s in near-infrared using NOTCam at the Nordic Optical Telescope. Seven of these sources are jetted based on the 37 GHz observations at Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland. To determine the morphological types of the hosts we performed photometric decomposition of the near-infrared images using GALFIT. Here we present the results of the host galaxy modelling, discuss the importance of this study to our understanding of the nature of the diverse NLS1 population, as well as its significance and implications for active galactic nuclei research in general.