bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized approach to childhood obesity: Lessons from gut microbiota and omics studies. Narrative review and insights from the 29th European childhood obesity congress
Authors: Gawlik Aneta , Salonen Anne , Jian Ching , Yanover Chen , Antosz Aleksandra , Shmoish Michael , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Bereket Abdullah , Wudy Stefan A. , Hartmann Michaela F. , Thivel David , Matusik Pawel , Weghuber Daniel , Hochberg Ze'ev 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe traditional approach to childhood obesity prevention and treatment should fit most patients, but misdiagnosis and treatment failure could be observed in some cases that lie away from average as part of individual variation or misclassification. Here, we reflect on the contributions that high‐throughput technologies such as next‐generation sequencing, mass spectrometry–based metabolomics and microbiome analysis make towards a personalized medicine approach to childhood obesity. We hypothesize that diagnosing a child as someone with obesity captures only part of the phenotype; and that metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics and analyses of the gut microbiome, could add precision to the term “obese,” providing novel corresponding biomarkers. Identifying a cluster –omic signature in a given child can thus facilitate the development of personalized prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. It can also be applied to the monitoring of symptoms/signs evolution, treatment choices and efficacy, predisposition to drug‐related side effects and potential relapse. This article is a narrative review of the literature and summary of the main observations, conclusions and perspectives raised during the annual meeting of the European Childhood Obesity Group. Authors discuss some recent advances and future perspectives on utilizing a systems approach to understanding and managing childhood obesity in the context of the existing omics data.
Symbolic play provides a fertile context for language development
Authors: Creaghe Noëlie , Quinn Sara , Kidd Evan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we test the hypothesis that symbolic play represents a fertile context for language acquisition because its inherent ambiguity elicits communicative behaviors that positively influence development. Infant–caregiver dyads (N = 54) participated in two 20‐minute play sessions six months apart (Time 1 = 18 months, Time 2 = 24 months). During each session, the dyads played with two sets of toys that elicited either symbolic or functional play. The sessions were transcribed and coded for several features of dyadic interaction and language; infants’ linguistic proficiency was measured via parental report. The two contexts elicited different communicative and linguistic behaviors. Notably, the symbolic play condition resulted in significantly greater conversational turn‐taking than functional play, and also resulted in the greater use of questions and mimetics in infant‐directed speech (IDS). In contrast, caregivers used more imperative clauses in functional play. Correlational and regression analyses showed that frequent properties of symbolic play (i.e., turn‐taking, yes–no questions, mimetics) were positively related to infants’ language proficiency, whereas frequent features of functional play (i.e., imperatives in IDS) were negatively related. The results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that symbolic play is a fertile context for language development, driven by the need to negotiate meaning.
Boosting the input: 9‐month‐olds’ sensitivity to low‐frequency phonotactic patterns in novel wordforms
Authors: Archer Stephanie L. , Czarnecki Natalia , Curtin Suzanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo learn their first words, infants must attend to a variety of cues that signal word boundaries. One such cue infants might use is the language‐specific phonotactics to track legal combinations and positions of segments within a word. Studies have demonstrated that, when tested across statistically high and low phonotactics, infants repeatedly reject the low‐frequency wordforms. We explore whether the capacity to access low‐frequency phonotactic combinations is available at 9 months when pre‐exposed to wordforms containing statistically low combinations of segments. Using a modified head‐turn procedure, one group of infants was presented with nonwords with low‐frequency complex onsets (dr‐), and another group was presented with zero‐frequency onset nonwords (dl‐). Following pre‐exposure and familiarization, infants were then tested on their ability to segment nonwords that contained either the low‐ or the zero‐frequency onsets. Only infants in the low‐frequency condition were successful at the task, suggesting some experience with these onsets supports segmentation.
Cohort profile: A Prospective Household cohort study of Influenza, Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory pathogens community burden and Transmission dynamics in South Africa, 2016–2018
Authors: Cohen Cheryl , McMorrow Meredith L. , Martinson Neil A. , Kahn Kathleen , Treurnicht Florette K. , Moyes Jocelyn , Mkhencele Thulisa , Hellferscee Orienka , Lebina Limakatso , Moroe Matebejane , Motlhaoleng Katlego , Gómez‐Olivé Francesc Xavier , Wagner Ryan , Tollman Stephen , Wafawanaka Floidy , Ngobeni Sizzy , Kleynhans Jackie , Mathunjwa Azwifari , Buys Amelia , Maake Lorens , Wolter Nicole , Carrim Maimuna , Piketh Stuart , Language Brigitte , Mathee Angela , von Gottberg Anne , Tempia Stefano ,   for the PHIRST group
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe PHIRST study (Prospective Household cohort study of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial virus, and other respiratory pathogens community burden and Transmission dynamics in South Africa) aimed to estimate the community burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) including the incidence of infection, symptomatic fraction, and to assess household transmission.ParticipantsWe enrolled 1684 individuals in 327 randomly selected households in a rural and an urban site over three consecutive influenza and two RSV seasons. A new cohort of households was enrolled each year. Participants were sampled with nasopharyngeal swabs twice‐weekly during the RSV and influenza seasons of the year of enrolment. Serology samples were collected at enrolment and before and after the influenza season annually.Findings to DateThere were 122 113 potential individual follow‐up visits over the 3 years, and participants were interviewed for 105 783 (87%) of these. Out of 105 683 nasopharyngeal swabs, 1258 (1%) and 1026 (1%) tested positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza viruses and RSV, respectively. Over one third of individuals had PCR‐confirmed influenza each year. Overall, there was influenza transmission to 10% of household contacts of an index case.Future PlansFuture planned analyses include analysis of influenza serology results and RSV burden and transmission. Households enrolled in the PHIRST study during 2016–2018 were eligible for inclusion in a study of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission initiated in July 2020. This study uses similar testing frequency to assess the community burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the role of asymptomatic infection in virus transmission.
Excellent thermal stability and enhanced piezoelectric performance of Bi(Ni2/3Nb1/3)O3‐modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Wang Ziling , Huangfu Geng , Xiao Hongyuan , Guo Yiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent piezoelectric performance and temperature stability are vital to “stack up” against PZT in various applications. Thus, xBiFeO3‐(1‐x)BaTiO3(BF‐BT)‐based ceramics with high Curie temperatures have drawn increasing attention. However, BF‐BT based ceramics often show large leakage current due to the valence fluctuation of Fe ion. In this work, it is found that Bi(Ni2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BNN) can suppress the valence fluctuation of Fe ions effectively. The effects of BNN on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrical properties of 0.69BF‐0.31BT ceramics are investigated. For composition near morphotropic phase boundary of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, the Curie temperature (Tc) is as high as 453°C, and the piezoelectric constant (d33), planar electromechanical coupling factor kp, and electric‐field‐induced strain ΔS can reach up to 191 pC/N, 31% and 0.236% (peak to peak), respectively. Moreover, these ceramics show excellent thermal stability. The d33 of 100 pC/N is still maintained at about 360°C and an ultrahigh strain (ΔS = 0.684%, peak to peak strain) is obtained at 190°C. Our work illustrates that the BF‐BT based ceramics can serve as potential candidates for sensor and actuator applications over a broad temperature range.
Microstructural evolution of droplet phase separation in calcium aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: Clark Nicholas L. , Chuang Shih‐Yi , Mauro John C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlasses with nanoscale phase separation have the potential to possess improved hardness and fracture toughness while maintaining their optical transparency. Here we present the results of isothermal heat treatments of phase‐separated calcium aluminosilicate glasses. Our results indicate that a transition from Lifshitz–Slozof–Wagner (LSW)‐type kinetics to a diffusion‐controlled pseudo‐coalescence mechanism occurs at ~17% droplet volume fraction, which results in the droplets becoming increasingly elongated and interconnected. The activation barrier for both mechanisms suggests that calcium diffusion is the underlying means for the coarsening of the silica‐rich domains. Simple approximations show the transition cannot be explained by Brownian motion or Van der Waals attraction between domains, and instead suggest various osmotic forces may be responsible.
Mixed‐method study of women’s assessment and experience of childbirth care
Authors: Donate‐Manzanares Miriam , Rodríguez‐Cano Teresa , Rodríguez‐Almagro Julián , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio , Santos‐Hernández Gloria , Beato‐Fernández Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo examine women's evaluations of quality of care from their perspectives.BackgroundAssessing women's satisfaction with the quality of care they receive during childbirth is an important component of care quality that should be analysed. Evidence suggests that childbirth experience has an important impact on women's health. Therefore, taking into account the perceptions of women about quality is a means to improve care. However, studies examining care quality in this setting remain scarce.DesignMixed‐methods explanatory sequential design.MethodsA national survey with a sample of 1082 participants, and 15 semi‐structured interviews. Data collection occurred between January 2017 and January 2019. Quantitative data were obtained through a validated scale, the Quality from the Patient's Perspective‐Intrapartal questionnaire, whose score can range from 1 (minimum satisfaction) to 4 (maximum satisfaction). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted for qualitative data. Descriptive statistics, group comparison and qualitative content analysis were included in data analysis.ResultsThe mean score on the QPP‐I tool was high (3.13; SD 0.74). Variables that had the most influence on the experience were type of birth, type of perineal trauma, admission of the baby, time since birth, home‐birth, parity and duration of labour. Data from the qualitative interviews identified five themes that explained women's experiences with the quality of care. Previous expectations influence the emotions they have regarding the experience. Relationships with professionals and their social skills are fundamental for the evaluation of quality. The separation of the newborn appears as a factor that worsens the appreciation of women. Good pain management and continuity of care by specialists are also named as key elements of the quality of care.ConclusionFindings demonstrate that experience with childbirth care is of utmost importance for women. They also show the indisputable need to listen to their opinions and assessments when lines of improvement of quality are identified.ImpactThis study provides information that can improve the care that women receive during their childbirths. Using their opinions will make them feel an active part of the system and in this way, we will be closer to achieve excellence in our services.
A manualised weight management programme for adults with mild–moderate intellectual disabilities affected by excess weight: A randomised controlled feasibility trial (Shape Up‐LD)*
Authors: Lally Phillippa , Beeken Rebecca J. , Wilson Rose , Omar Rumana , Hunter Rachael , Fovargue Sally , Anderson Diana , King Michael , Hassiotis Angela , Croker Helen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to pilot an adapted manualised weight management programme for persons with mild–moderate intellectual disabilities affected by overweight or obesity (‘Shape Up‐LD’).MethodAdults with intellectual disabilities were enrolled in a 6‐month trial (3‐month active intervention and 3‐month follow‐up) and were individually randomised to Shape Up‐LD or a usual care control. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, initial effectiveness and cost.ResultsFifty people were enrolled. Follow‐up rates were 78% at 3 months and 74% at 6 months. At 3 and 6 months, controlling for baseline weight, no difference was observed between groups (3 months: β: −0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.38, 1.69, 6 months: β: −0.55, 95%CI −4.34, 3.24).ConclusionIt may be possible to carry out a trial of Shape Up‐LD, although barriers to recruitment, carer engagement and questionnaire completion need to be addressed, alongside refinements to the intervention.
La política cultural de la negritud en Latinoamérica: Debates del Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas, Cali, Colombia, 1977
Authors: Valderrama Rentería Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2021

ResumenEste artículo examina los debates sobre la negritud, la raza y la cultura negra en el Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas, celebrado en Cali, Colombia, en 1977. El análisis muestra la recepción y contribuciones que los discursos de la negritud tuvieron en Latinoamérica. Más allá de la visón antropológica que predominó sobre la cultura negra, las discusiones y debates sostenidos durante el Primer Congreso muestran una disputa ideológica que llevó a la reconceptualización de la negritud. Para demostrar lo anterior, se abordan los siguientes interrogantes; ¿Cuál fue la relación del Primer Congreso con los movimientos afrodiaspóricos? ¿De qué manera las discusiones llevadas a cabo en el Primer Congreso aportaron nuevas significaciones a los conceptos de raza, cultura negra y negritud? Finalmente, ¿cómo a partir de estas discusiones podemos entender la relación entre cultura negra y política en Latinoamérica? Este artículo muestra cómo la cultura negra adquirió un sentido político, se redefinió el significado del término negritud y se definió Latinoamérica como racista.
Could clinical nursing procedures lead to tracheal cuff pressure drop? A prospective observational study
Authors: Xiang Lijun , Cao Meng , Wang Yuan , Song Xuemei , Tan Miaoqin , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the dynamic changes in tracheal cuff pressure before and after four clinical nursing procedures including sputum suction, oral care, atomisation inhalation, and turning over, and thus provide references for the adjustment time of cuff pressure in clinical practice.BackgroundCuff pressure must be kept within the range of 25–30 cmH2O to ensure effective ventilation and prevent aspiration, while maintaining tracheal blood flow perfusion.DesignA prospective observational study.MethodsThe cuff pressure of 56 intubated patients was adjusted to 28–30 cmH2O. A cuff pressure monitor was used to continuously monitor cuff pressure changes before and after four clinical nursing procedures (sputum suction, oral care, atomisation inhalation, and turning over) and the cuff pressures at various time points were compared. The semi‐quantitative cough strength score (SCSS) was used to evaluate cough strength during sputum suction and the effect of cough strength on cuff pressure during sputum suction. This study followed the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe cuff pressures during the four clinical nursing procedures of sputum suction, atomisation inhalation, turning over, and oral care, all temporarily increased (p < 0.001) and decreased to varying degrees 20 min later (p < 0.001). Among them, the cuff pressure rose the highest under a state of moderate or strong coughing during sputum suction (78.38 ± 12.13 cmH2O) and dropped the most at 20 min after the procedure (21.71 ± 4.80 cmH2O).ConclusionsThe four clinical nursing procedures of sputum suction, atomisation inhalation, turning over, and oral care can all cause different degrees of cuff pressure drop. The decision on whether the cuff pressure needs to be corrected depends on the specific situation.Relevance to clinical practiceDuring clinical practice, the cuff pressure can be individually corrected according to different clinical nursing procedures, which can increase the qualified rate of cuff pressure and reduce the workload of nurses.
Influence of dietary supplementation of marigold flower powder and extract (Calendula officinalis L.) on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, antioxidant parameters and immune responses of growing Japanese quail
Authors: Abd El‐Wahab Abd El‐Wahab Abd El‐Allah , Aly Mahmoud Mahmmed Mahmmed , Bahnas Mohamed Saad , Abdelrasol Ramadan Allam Sayed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of Marigold flower powder (MFP) and marigold flower extract (MFEx) as feed additives on the performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, immunological parameters, microbial content, digestive enzymes and digestibility in growing Japanese quail. A total number of 350 birds randomly distributed into seven groups, with five replicates of 10 birds each, control diet (control group), the second, third and fourth groups were fed on a basal diet within MFP 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% respectively. Fifth, sixth and seventh groups received the basal diet plus MFEx 150, 200 and 250 ppm respectively. Quails fed on a diet supplemented with MFEx 200 ppm had significantly higher lipase levels (p ≤ 0.001) compared to the control and MFP 0.6% without any significant difference with other experimental groups. Moreover, all digestibility coefficients (DC) of nutrients except for nitrogen‐free extract were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by all dietary treatments. Quails fed on the diet supplemented with MFEx 200 ppm significantly (p ≤ 0.001) presented the best body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed intake over all groups. Total lipid profile, kidney functions and liver functions were significantly affected by both MFP and MFEx diets. The group treated with MFEx 250 ppm had lowest E. coli and Salmonella population and the highest Lactobacilli population number. Antioxidant parameters and immune response (except for lymphocytes) were significantly affected (p ≤ 0.001) by different levels of MFP and MFEx. In conclusion, the addition of MFEx and MFP at 200 ppm followed by 250 ppm and 1.2% MFP, respectively, to the basal diet improved product productive performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, immunological parameters, microbial content and digestibility in growing Japanese quail.
Long non‐coding RNAs: Emerging roles in periodontitis
Authors: Xu Jingchen , Yin Yuanyuan , Lin Yao , Tian Mi , Liu Ting , Li Xinyi , Chen Song 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a major burden of public health, affecting 20%–50% of the global population. It is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, leading to tooth loss and the emergence or worsening of systematic diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiopathology of periodontitis is beneficial for targeted therapeutics. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts made up of more than 200 nucleotides, have emerged as novel regulators of many biological and pathological processes. Recently, an increasing number of dysregulated lncRNAs have been found to be implicated in periodontitis. In this review, an overview of lncRNAs, including their biogenesis, characteristics, function mechanisms and research approaches, is provided. And we summarize recent research reports on the emerging roles of lncRNAs in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and osteogenesis of periodontal cells to elucidate lncRNAs related physiopathology of periodontitis. Furthermore, we have highlighted the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in periodontitis pathology by interacting with microRNAs. Finally, the potential clinical applications, current challenges, and prospects of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for periodontitis disease are discussed.
Systematic review of human post‐mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Viejo Lucía , Noori Ayush , Merrill Emily , Das Sudeshna , Hyman Bradley T. , Serrano‐Pozo Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsReactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have traditionally been demonstrated by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity; however, astrocyte reaction is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple astrocyte functions beyond cytoskeletal remodelling. To better understand astrocyte reaction in AD, we conducted a systematic review of astrocyte immunohistochemical studies in post‐mortem AD brains followed by bioinformatics analyses on the extracted reactive astrocyte markers.MethodsNCBI PubMed, APA PsycInfo and WoS‐SCIE databases were interrogated for original English research articles with the search terms ‘Alzheimer's disease’ AND ‘astrocytes.’ Bioinformatics analyses included protein–protein interaction network analysis, pathway enrichment, and transcription factor enrichment, as well as comparison with public human ‐omics datasets.ResultsA total of 306 articles meeting eligibility criteria rendered 196 proteins, most of which were reported to be upregulated in AD vs control brains. Besides cytoskeletal remodelling (e.g., GFAP), bioinformatics analyses revealed a wide range of functional alterations including neuroinflammation (e.g., IL6, MAPK1/3/8 and TNF), oxidative stress and antioxidant defence (e.g., MT1A/2A, NFE2L2, NOS1/2/3, PRDX6 and SOD1/2), lipid metabolism (e.g., APOE, CLU and LRP1), proteostasis (e.g., cathepsins, CRYAB and HSPB1/2/6/8), extracellular matrix organisation (e.g., CD44, MMP1/3 and SERPINA3), and neurotransmission (e.g., CHRNA7, GABA, GLUL, GRM5, MAOB and SLC1A2), among others. CTCF and ESR1 emerged as potential transcription factors driving these changes. Comparison with published ‐omics datasets validated our results, demonstrating a significant overlap with reported transcriptomic and proteomic changes in AD brains and/or CSF.ConclusionsOur systematic review of the neuropathological literature reveals the complexity of AD reactive astrogliosis. We have shared these findings as an online resource available at www.astrocyteatlas.org.