bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Drug Susceptibility to Azoles among Trichophyton rubrum Isolates by Disk Diffusion Method
Authors: Mohiuddin GM , Sattar Humayun , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne , Ahmed SM Ali , Afroz Fatima , Quraishi Mashrura 
Published: February 2021

Dermatophytes are filamentous fungi that cause tiniasis with high prevalence in tropical hot, humid and overcrowded countries like Bangladesh. Antifungal drug resistance among dermatophyte isolates are very common due to irrational and overuse of them. In vitro antifungal susceptibility test may help to select appropriate drug, optimize the therapy and monitor the emergence of drug resistance. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify different dermatophyte species from skin, nail and hair samples and to see the susceptibility pattern of azoles (fluconazole, miconazole and itraconazole) among one of the most common dermatophyte isolates (Trichophyton rubrum) by disk diffusion method. A total of two hundred and forty six patients clinically suspected of dermatophytosis attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of Dermatology and Venereology of BSMMU, Dhaka, were studied from September 2018 to August 2019. All the samples of skin, nail and hair were processed for direct microscopic examination and culture. The species of dermatophytes were identified by gross colony morphology, microscopic features and biochemical tests. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion (Neo-Sensitabs susceptibility testing modified for Dermatophytes) method in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) media. Out of 246 specimens 27.2% were positive by microscopy, 28.9% were positive by culture and 26.0% were positive by both microscopy and culture. Tinea cruris (32.4%) was the most prevalent clinical type among all dermatophyte isolates. Among 71 culture positive isolates, T. rubrum (71.8%) was most prevalent followed by T. mentagrophytes (24.0%) and E. floccosum (4.2%). By disk diffusion method fluconazole was found as the most resistant drug (90.2%) against T. rubrum isolates and Itraconazole was the most sensitive (80.4%). Miconazole was found as most intermediate sensitive.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (1): 20-23
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enterobacter Species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Quraishi Mashrura , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Roy Chandan Kumar , Afroz Fatima , Mohiuddin GM 
Published: February 2021

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacter species to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient. A total of 50 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species were collected from different clinical specimens at the microbiology laboratory of BSMMU between August, 2018 and September, 2019. The two main species of Enterobacter, E.cloacae and E.aerogenes were identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines. Majority (56%) of the isolated Enterobacter were E.cloacae, 40% were E.aerogenes and 4% were other species. The Enterobacter isolates showed relatively high resistance rates to the cephalosporins including cefoxitin (82%), cefixime (62%), ceftazidime (46%) and ceftriaxone (46%). Resistance to the carbapenems and aminoglycosides was relatively low. The high resistance rates of Enterobacter species to multiple antibiotics makes it necessary for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic prescription.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 3-6
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Extensively Drug Resistant Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Afroz Fatima , Anwar Shaheda , Quraishi Mashrura , Mohiuddin GM , Ahmed SM Ali , Saleh Ahmed Abu 
Published: February 2021

Carbapenems, often agents of last resort for multidrug resistant bacterial infections are now threatened by widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Production of carbapenemases remain the most clinically important mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae. A cross sectional study was conducted at department of Microbiology and Immunology, BSMMU from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 145 CRE isolates from different clinical samples were studied.Antimicrobial susceptibility was examinedby disk diffusion method and MIC of colistin by broth microdilution method. Resistant carbapenemase genes NDM and OXA-48 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Out of 145 CRE isolates, 104 were NDM, 73 were OXA-48and 34 isolates were both NDM and OXA-48 co-producers. All the NDM and OXA-48 carbapenemase producing isolates were 100% resistant to meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and piperacillin + tazobactam. Resistance rates of reserved antimicrobials to treat CRE isolates were also alarming. Thirty seven percent, 9.6% and 5.5 % of OXA-48 carbapenemase producers and 26.0%, 10.6% and 2.9% of NDM carbapenemase producers were resistant to colistin, polymyxin B and tigecycline respectively.Among the carbapenemase producing isolates, 16.6% (24) were multidrug resistant (MDR), 82.1% (119) were extensively drug resistant (XDR) and 1.3% (2) isolates were pan drug resistantwhich highlights the emerging therapeutic challenge for these superbugs.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 7-10
Correlation Between Endoscopic and Histological Findings of Dyspeptic Patients and their Association with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Kismat Saifa , Tanni Nusrat Noor , Akhtar Rokshana , Roy Chandan Kumar , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Anwar Shaheda , Ahmed Sharmeen 
Published: February 2021

There is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in Bangladeshi population that causes site specific diseases which includes gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The Cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and immunology, Bangabandhu Medical University (BSMMU), during the period of September, 2018 to July, 2019. Dyspeptic patients, who underwent endoscopic examination at the Department of Gastroenterology of Dhaka medical College and Hospital, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled as study population. Collected gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 142 patients were categorized as H. pylori positive cases (34.5%) and H. pylori negative cases (35.2%) based on the case definition used in the study by RUT, Histology and ureC gene PCR. All of the laboratory works were performed at Department of Microbiology and Immunology except Histology which was performed at the Department of Pathology of BSMMU. Endoscopic findings significantly co-related with histological findings (p = 0.001). Highest rate of H. pylori infection was found in 76% of duodenal ulcer cases and lowest in Adenocarcinoma group being only 9% of total study population. H. pylori infection was positively associated with duodenal ulcer cases (p=0.014) and negatively with adeno carcinoma cases (p=0.002) in a statistically significant manner.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 11-17
Antimicrobial Stewardship: Laboratory to Clinical Microbiology: A Road Map
Authors: Ahmed Mushtaque , Iqbal Hasina , Mahboob Nabeela , Mamun Kazi Zulfiquer 
Published: February 2021

Antimicrobial stewardship refers to a set of coordinated strategies to improve the use of antimicrobial medications with the goal of enhancing patient health outcomes, reducing resistance to antibiotics and decreasing unnecessary costs. While clinical microbiologists with clinical pharmacists are considered the main leaders of antimicrobial stewardship programs, clinical microbiologists can play a key role in these programs. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different components of antimicrobial stewardship in which microbiology laboratories and clinical microbiologists can make significant contributions, including cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility reports, enhanced culture, and guidance in the pre analytic phase, rapid diagnostic test availability, provider education, and alert and surveillance systems.
Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 25-29
ANALISIS DAN DESAIN RANTAI PASOK KAKAO BERBASIS BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Iswari Dian Ardifah , Arkeman Yandra , Muslich Muslich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract— The supply chain in the 4.0 era wanted consumers to be closer to producers. Problems that occur in the supply chain are supply chain information flow is still long, there is no transparency, marketing coverage is less extensive, and documentation of activities is not good. The purpose of this study is to analyze the condition of the Kelompok Tani X cocoa supply chain and to identify the attributes of the blockchain based group cocoa supply chain farmers. The method used is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Unified Modelling Languange. The results obtained are that the supply chain information flow in the X farmer group is still overlapping, and has not been systematic. Actors consist of farmers, farmer leaders, processing factories (Kelompok Tani X), and retailers. Activities that occur are signing up, logging in, filling content, transactions, shipping, validation, and returning goods. The conclusion is the supply chain activities of the Kelompok Tani X have not been documented. The blockchain system that is designed is adjusted to the situation, so it is expected to be able to make the administration and documentation system better. Keywords—: Agroindustry 4.0; supply chain; system development life cycle; transparency; unified modelling languange.
Diversifikasi Pangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal”Uwi” Sebagai Bahan Mie Instant
Authors: Wuryantoro Wuryantoro , Puspitawati Indah Rekyani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract— Uwi plants (Dioscorea sp.) as one of the types of tuber plants have the potential to support food diversity and food security in the future because it is very tolerant to be planted on dry land with a huge potential in Indonesia. The research aims to obtain a variety of diversified foods based on uwi plants. The research method used a completely randomized design laboratory scale consisting of six treatments repeated three times. These factors are the various colors of tubers used as research material including dark yellow (orange), yellow, murky white, white, purple and purple spurt. Observations include texture, elasticity, aroma, colour and taste through organoleptic tests. Instant noodles and wet noodles are used as a comparison. The study was conducted in the Agronomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Madiun, from October to December 2018. The results showed that compared to conventional noodles as a control, the appearance of colour, taste, texture and aroma of noodles after being cooked was not much different. Whereas seen from the elasticity of uwi noodles has a lower elasticity. The difference is also in the appearance of raw dried noodles, the color and aroma are still inferior to dry noodles and instant noodles. Thus, uwi flour is potential to be developed as a food ingredient, considering that uwi carbohydrates have a low glycemic index. Keywords—: food diversity; dry noodle; tuber color; uwi flour.
Lipid Abnormalities in Patients With Cushing’s Disease and Its Relationship With Impaired Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Feng Ming , Lu Lin , Zhao Zixuan , Bao Xinjie , Deng Kan , Yao Yong , Zhu Huijuan , Wang Renzhi 
Published: February 2021

PurposeDyslipidemia has been frequently reported and associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). Few studies are available regarding the relationships between lipid abnormalities and other preoperative metabolic comorbidities in CD, and the data on alterations of the lipid profile after surgery is quite variable. We aimed to investigate the associations between hyperlipidemia and other baseline metabolic and hormonal parameters and the impact of surgical remission on lipid metabolism in patients with CD.MethodsThis retrospective study included 104 patients diagnosed with CD. Baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters were compared between the hyperlipidemia (HLP) group and non-hyperlipidemia (NLP) group, and their relationships with hyperlipidemia at diagnosis were evaluated. Alterations in lipid profiles after surgical remission of CD were evaluated in 65 patients with available follow-up data.ResultsUpon baseline, logistic regression analysis showed that impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) (OR=4.68, 95%CI:1.38–15.91) and morning cortisol levels (per 10 μg/dl change) (OR=1.81, 95%CI:1.11–2.95) are both independent risk factors of preoperative occurrence of hyperlipidemia in patients with CD. The baseline triglyceride (TG) level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r=0.297, p=0.003). Lipid abnormalities had improvement but may persist after surgical remission, and the persisted hyperlipidemia is associated with higher baseline total cholesterol (TC) levels (r=0.505, p=0.033).ConclusionsPersistence of post-surgery hyperlipidemia is associated with severe baseline lipid abnormalities. Surgical remission with concomitant control of impaired glucose metabolism at diagnosis may have significant implications for controlling hyperlipidemia and reducing cardiovascular risk in CD.
Cervical Dystonia Is Associated With Aberrant Inhibitory Signaling Within the Thalamus
Authors: Groth Christopher L. , Brown Mark , Honce Justin M. , Shelton Erika , Sillau Stefan H. , Berman Brian D. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate whether alterations in the neurotransmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the thalamus are present in patients with cervical dystonia compared to healthy controls.Methods: GABA magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate concentration levels of GABA in the thalamus of cervical dystonia patients (n = 17) compared to healthy controls (n = 18). Additionally, a focused post hoc analysis of thalamic GABAA receptor availability data in a similar cohort (n = 15 for both groups) using data from a previously collected 11C-flumazenil positron emission tomography study was performed. Group comparisons for all evaluations were performed using two-sided t-tests with adjustments for age and sex, and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Spearman's coefficient was used to test correlations.Results: We found significantly reduced GABA+/Cre levels in the thalamus of cervical dystonia patients compared to controls, and these levels positively correlated with disease duration. Although mean thalamic GABAA receptor availability did not differ between patients and controls, GABAA availability negatively correlated with both disease duration and dystonia severity.Conclusions: These findings support that aberrant inhibitory signaling within the thalamus contributes to the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia. Additionally, these results suggest that an inadequate ability to compensate for the loss of GABA through upregulation of GABAA receptors may underlie more severe symptoms.
Low Expression of the Polycomb Protein RING1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Gao Song , Wang Si-Yu , Zhang Xing-Da , Wu Hao , Pang Da 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo date, breast cancer remains the most common malignant tumor in women. In recent years, a growing number of studies on polycomb proteins have been conducted. The Ring finger protein1 (RING1), an essential component of the polycomb family of proteins, plays vital roles in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. However, further research is required in determining RING1 expression and prognostic value in breast cancer.MethodRING1 expression level in multiple cancer types was evaluated using the XENA and UALCAN databases. Real-time quantitative PCR (real-time qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to confirm this expression. The prognostic value was analyzed using our follow-up data and the Kaplan–Meier plotter website. RING1 co-expressed genes and its promoter methylation level were calculated using the cBioPortal and UALCAN online tools. The gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed using the DAVID online analysis tool.ResultRING1 expression was upregulated in CHOL (Bile Duct Cancer), ESCA (Esophageal Cancer), LIHC (Liver Cancer), and PCPG (Pheochromocytoma &amp; Paraganglioma). However, its expression level was decreased in COAD (Colon Cancer), KICH (Kidney Chromophobe), KIRP (kidney papillary cell carcinoma), THCA (Thyroid Cancer), and BRCA (Breast carcinoma). RING1 low expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in many cancer patients, especially in breast cancer patients. For breast cancer, the IHC result showed that RING1 protein expression significantly and negatively correlates with tumor size (P = 0.029), LNM (P = 0.017), TNM stage (P = 0.016), ER (P = 0.005), Ki67 (P = 0.015), and p53 status (P = 0.034). Moreover, the multivariate Cox regression model indicated that RING1 (P = 0.038) and ER (P = 0.029) expressions were independent prognostic markers for breast cancer. RING1 co-expressed genes were selected and included HDAC10, PIN1, CDK3, BAX, and BAD. GO analysis and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that RING1 related genes, were mainly enriched in “regulation of transcription”, “apoptotic process”, “protein transport”, “protein binding”, “Notch signaling pathway”, and “Homologous recombination”.ConclusionRING1 expression was downregulated in breast cancer, and its low expression was associated with worse disease outcomes. RING1 may act as a new prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Shan Yiwen , Wu Chenjie , Cao Peihua , Sun Weixin , Han Jie , Shen Le , Chen Jiandong , Yu Peng , Chen Xiaohu 
Published: February 2021

Background: The number of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients is increasing year by year, yet all western medicines currently used for heart failure have been shown to be ineffective for HFpEF. Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill is one of the commonly drugs for the treatment of heart failure in China. In recent years, some clinical studies found that it has curative effect on HFpEF.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill in treatment of HFpEF.Methods: Databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and EMbase were searched from their inception to May 2020 to screen relevant randomized controlled trials. The “risk of bias” evaluation tool in the Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results: Eight studies meeting the criteria were included, with a total of 895 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with western medicine alone, combination of western medicine and Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill can further increase the quotient of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity and late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E/A) in patients with HFpEF [mean difference (MD) = 0.20, 95% CI (0.14, 0.26), p &lt; 0.000 01], decrease the quotient of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity and mitral annular tissue velocity (E/e′) [MD = −2.50, 95% CI (−3.18, −1.82), p &lt; 0.000 01], decrease brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [MD = −151.83, 95% CI (−245.78, −57.89), p = 0.002], increase cardiac function improvement rate [relative risk (RR) = 1.30, 95% CI (1.11, 1.52), p = 0.001], and increase six-minutes walking distance (6-MWD) [MD = 64.75, 95% CI (22.65, 106.85), p = 0.003]. Four studies reported the occurrence of adverse reactions, among which three studies reported no adverse reactions and one study reported three patients with mild adverse reactions in the intervention group.Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill may be effective in the treatment of HFpEF. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, lack of placebo control, large heterogeneity among different studies, and great possibility of publication bias, the results of our review should be evaluated with more prudence, more high-quality clinical studies are needed to verify the conclusion in the future. In addition, the safety of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill remains uncertain, further assessment is required in the future.
Inspiratory Efforts, Positive End-Expiratory Pressure, and External Resistances Influence Intraparenchymal Gas Redistribution in Mechanically Ventilated Injured Lungs
Authors: Pellegrini Mariangela , Hedenstierna Göran , Larsson Anders Sune , Perchiazzi Gaetano 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPotentially harmful lung overstretch can follow intraparenchymal gas redistribution during mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that inspiratory efforts characterizing spontaneous breathing, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and high inspiratory resistances influence inspiratory intraparenchymal gas redistribution.MethodsThis was an experimental study conducted on a swine model of mild acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dynamic computed tomography and respiratory mechanics were simultaneously acquired at different PEEP levels and external resistances, during both spontaneous breathing and controlled mechanical ventilation. Images were collected at two cranial–caudal levels. Delta-volume images (ΔVOLs) were obtained subtracting pairs of consecutive inspiratory images. The first three ΔVOLs, acquired for each analyzed breath, were used for the analysis of inspiratory pendelluft defined as intraparenchymal gas redistribution before the start of inspiratory flow at the airway opening. The following ΔVOLs were used for the analysis of gas redistribution during ongoing inspiratory flow at the airway opening.ResultsDuring the first flow-independent phase of inspiration, the pendelluft of gas was observed only during spontaneous breathing and along the cranial-to-caudal and nondependent-to-dependent directions. The pendelluft was reduced by high PEEP (p &lt; 0.04 comparing PEEP 15 and PEEP 0 cm H2O) and low external resistances (p &lt; 0.04 comparing high and low external resistance). During the flow-dependent phase of inspiration, two patterns were identified: (1) gas displacing characterized by large gas redistribution areas; (2) gas scattering characterized by small, numerous areas of gas redistribution. Gas displacing was observed at low PEEP, high external resistances, and it characterized controlled mechanical ventilation (p &lt; 0.01, comparing high and low PEEP during controlled mechanical ventilation).ConclusionsLow PEEP and high external resistances favored inspiratory pendelluft. During the flow-dependent phase of the inspiration, controlled mechanical ventilation and low PEEP and high external resistances favored larger phenomena of intraparenchymal gas redistribution (gas displacing) endangering lung stability.