bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive geriatric assessment among elderly people in a convalescence unit: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Sianes-Gallén Mònica , Pujol-García Anna María , González-Ferrero Alba , Plaza-Valle Patricia , Aguilera-Gómez Ricardo , Canta-López Elena , Antón-Nieto Esperanza , González-Ávila Bárbara , Torrecabota-Gambín Aroa , Jornet-Gibert Montsant 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this project was to audit the usual assessment practices employed when admitting patients to a convalescence unit on the outskirts of Barcelona, Spain. The project implemented strategies to improve evidence-based practice using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The specific objectives of this project were (1) to improve completion of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) record, (2) to improve professionals’ CGA knowledge, (3) to promote interdisciplinary work, (4) to improve tailored therapeutic plan generation by implementing evidence-based practice criteria within the instrument, and (5) to evaluate the records and action plans derived from the CGA.

Methods:
Pre-/post-implementation audit methodology was used the Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice, and was developed in multiple phases. The implementation phase took 6 months. A sample of 34 consecutive admissions had their CGA patient records evaluated. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results:
A total of 64 records (34 pre/30 post) were reviewed to assess CGA completion. The baseline audit results showed that only two audit criteria were higher than 50%, indicating poor knowledge about the concept of CGA and poor compliance with the current program. Following the implementation of the strategies, which included education and the development of a checklist, there was an improvement in all the criteria audited: the record was correctly completed in 67% of cases, and 80% of team members were knowledgeable and competent in CGA.

Conclusion:
Several barriers were identified at baseline, and various strategies were implemented to improve CGA compliance. The results show that the project increased awareness of the importance of a comprehensive assessment of the care that patients receive, resulting in better CGA completion.
Lessons on integrated knowledge translation through algorithm's utilization in homecare services: a multiple case study
Authors: Ruest Mélanie , Léonard Guillaume , Thomas Aliki , Guay Manon 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is an increasingly recommended collaborative approach to minimize knowledge translation gap. Still, few studies have documented the impact of IKT to optimize knowledge uptake in healthcare settings. An IKT-based clinical algorithm (Algo) was deployed in Quebec (Canada) homecare services to support skill mix for selecting bathing equipment for community-dwelling adults. The objective of this study was to document the characteristics related to Algo's IKT process.

Methods:
A multiple-case study with a nested concurrent mixed design was conducted in provincial homecare services. Based on Knott and Wildavsky's seven-stage classification and the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services model, Innovation, Recipients, and Context, characteristics related to Algo's levels of utilization were documented. Quantitative (electronic questionnaire) and qualitative (semistructured interviews and focus groups) data were collected for each case (i.e., homecare service). Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed to describe each case through a mixed methods matrix, for intra/intercase analyses.

Results:
Knowledge translation characteristics of five Algo's levels of utilization were documented: reception, cognition, reference, effort, and impact. Innovation characteristics (e.g., underlying knowledge) were found to facilitate its dissemination and its use. However, the Recipients (e.g., unclear mechanisms to implement change) and Context (e.g., organizational mandates nonaligned with skill mix) characteristics hampered its application through intermediate and advanced levels of utilization.

Conclusion:
The knowledge translation analysis of Algo allowed for documenting the IKT-based benefits in terms of utilization in healthcare settings. Although an IKT approach appears to be a strong facilitator for initiating the implementation process, additional characteristics should be considered for promoting and sustaining its use on local, organizational, and external levels of context. Facilitation strategies should document the administrative benefits related to Algo's utilization and contextualize it according to homecare services’ characteristics.
‘It seems like common sense now’: experiences of allied health clinicians participating in a knowledge translation telementoring program
Authors: Wilkinson Shelley A. , Hickman Ingrid , Cameron Ashley , Young Adrienne , Olenski Samantha , BPhty Prue McRae , O’Brien Maxine 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
Clinicians understanding and applying the skills of knowledge translation is essential for the delivery of high value, effective health care. However, many clinicians lack confidence and capacity to undertake knowledge translation. Our team recently piloted a group telementoring knowledge translation support service (KTSS) with allied health professionals (AHPs) undertaking knowledge translation in their practice. This article aims to investigate barriers and enablers to participants’ participation and identify evidence-based strategies to improve future delivery of the initiative.

Methods:
The evaluation utilized semistructured interviews with participants who completed the first KTSS. Interview transcripts were analysed to identify key themes and subthemes. Subthemes were also mapped to an implementation science framework and model (theoretical domains framework and behaviour change wheel) to guide evidence-based identification of effective strategies to address, overcome, or enhance issues raised.

Results:
Six of the nine participants invited were interviewed. Five barriers and six enablers of KTSS participation, and five improvement ideas for a future KTSS program, were suggested. Barriers included knowledge gaps, competing time demands, and organizational expectations. Enablers included organizational support, motivation and preparation, and local champions. Additional strategies included additional preparation, an initial rapport building session, and strategies to meet the emotional needs of the participants. These were reinforced by the framework mapping results, with the further addition of a peer modelling strategy.

Conclusion:
Through a qualitative methodology we have examined and identified the experiences of AHPs who have participated in a knowledge translation telementoring program with clear strategies to enhance further programs offered.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of COVID-19 among Children in Fulton County, Georgia, March 2020 - June 2021
Authors: Barrera Chloe M. , Hazell Mallory , Chamberlain Allison T. , Gandhi Neel R. , Onwubiko Udodirim , Liu Carol Y. , Prieto Juliana , Khan Fazle , Shah Sarita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among children aged 0-18 years by school-age grouping.DesignWe abstracted data from Georgia’s State Electronic Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on all 10,437 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among children aged 0-18 years during March 30, 2020 to June 6, 2021. We examined case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity by school-aged groupings, namely: preschool (0-4 years), elementary school (5-10 years), middle school (11-13 years), and high school (14-18 years) and compared these data among school aged children to those in the adult population (19 years and older).SettingFulton County, Georgia.Main outcome measuresCOVID-19 case rates, testing rates, and percent positivity.ResultsOver time, the proportion of pediatric cases rose substantially from 1.1% (April 2020) to 21.6% (April 2021) of all cases in the county. Age-specific case rates and test rates were consistently highest among high-school aged children. Test positivity was similar across school-age groups, with periods of higher positivity among high-school aged children.ConclusionsLow COVID-19 testing rates among children, especially early in the pandemic, likely underestimate the true burden of disease in this age group. Despite children having lower measured incidence of COVID-19, we found when broader community incidence increased, incidence also increased among all pediatric age groups. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, it remains critical to continue learning about the incidence and transmissibility of COVID-19 in children.
A new tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Willbrand Ethan H. , Parker Benjamin J. , Voorhies Willa I. , Miller Jacob A. , Lyu Ilwoo , Hallock Tyler , Aponik-Gremillion Lyndsey ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Bunge Silvia A. , Foster Brett L. , Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding brain structure-function relationships, and their development and evolution, is central to neuroscience research. Here, we show that morphological differences in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of functional brain networks, predict individual differences in macroanatomical, microstructural, and functional features of PCC. Manually labeling 4,319 sulci in 552 hemispheres, we discovered a consistently localized shallow cortical indentation (termed the inframarginal sulcus; ifrms) within PCC that is absent from neuroanatomical atlases, yet co-localized with a region within the cognitive control, but not default mode, network. Morphological analyses in humans and chimpanzees showed that unique properties of the ifrms differ across the lifespan and between hominoid species. Intriguingly, the consistency of the ifrms also debunks the uniqueness of the morphology of Einstein’s PCC. These findings support a classic theory that shallow, tertiary sulci serve as landmarks in association cortices. They also beg the question: how many other cortical indentations have we missed?
Configuring a federated network of real-world patient health data for multimodal deep learning prediction of health outcomes
Authors: Haudenschild Christian , Vaickus Louis , Levy Joshua 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTVast quantities of electronic patient medical data are currently being collated and processed in large federated data repositories. For instance, TriNetX, Inc., a global health research network, has access to more than 300 million patients, sourced from healthcare organizations, biopharmaceutical companies, and contract research organizations. As such, pipelines that are able to algorithmically extract huge quantities of patient data from multiple modalities present opportunities to leverage machine learning and deep learning approaches with the possibility of generating actionable insight. In this work, we present a modular, semi-automated end-to-end machine and deep learning pipeline designed to interface with a federated network of structured patient data. This proof-of-concept pipeline is disease-agnostic, scalable, and requires little domain expertise and manual feature engineering in order to quickly produce results for the case of a user-defined binary outcome event. We demonstrate the pipeline’s efficacy with three different disease workflows, with high discriminatory power achieved in all cases.
Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals
Authors: Chaves Oscar M. M , Júnior Júlio Souza , Buss Gerson , Hirano Zelinda MB , Jardim Marcia , Amaral Erica , Godoy João , Peruchi Amanda , Michel Thais , Bicca-Marques Júlio César 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrbanization and deforestation impose severe challenges to wildlife, particularly for forest-living vertebrates. Understanding how the peri-urban matrix impacts their survival is critical for designing strategies to promote their conservation. We investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in peri-urban regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states, southern Brazil, by compiling negative interaction events (hereafter NIE) reported over more than two decades. We assessed the major NIEs, their distribution among age-sex classes, and the predictors of NIE-related mortality. After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 NIEs (RS = 248 and SC = 292). Electrocution by power lines was the most frequent cause of death or injury (37%), followed by dog attack (34%), vehicle collision (17%), and human mistreatment (12%). The occurrence of lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on the type of NIE and on which state it occurred in. The overall post-NIE mortality was 56%. Adults of both sexes were the most affected individuals in both study regions. The minimal adequate GLM model explained 83% of the variation in NIE-related mortality. State, NIE type, and age-sex class were the main predictors of mortality. Overall, mortality was lower in SC and higher among adult females than in the other classes. We found that the survival of brown howler monkeys in the forest-urban interface is constrained by both the urban infrastructure and the growing interactions with humans and domestic and stray dogs (Canis familiaris). We propose the placement of aerial bridges, road signs and speed bumps in areas of frequent animal crossing, the sterilization of stray dogs, and the sensitization of local inhabitants on the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife to reduce their NIEs with humans and domestic animals in the forest-urban interface.
Chronic Cochlear Implantation with and without Electric Stimulation in a Mouse Model Induces Robust Cochlear Influx of CX3CR1+/GFP Macrophages
Authors: Claussen Alexander D. , Quevedo René Vielman , Higgins Timon , Mostaert Brian , Rahman Muhammad Taifur , Kirk Jonathon , Hirose Keiko , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCochlear implantation is an effective auditory rehabilitation strategy for those with profound hearing loss, including those with residual low frequency hearing through use of hybrid cochlear implantation techniques. Post-mortem studies demonstrate the nearly ubiquitous presence of intracochlear fibrosis and neo-ossification following cochlear implantation. Current evidence suggests post-implantation intracochlear fibrosis is associated with delayed loss of residual acoustic hearing in hybrid cochlear implant (CI) recipients and may also negatively influence outcomes in traditional CI recipients. This study examined the contributions of surgical trauma, foreign body response and electric stimulation to intracochlear fibrosis and the innate immune response to cochlear implantation and the hierarchy of these contributions.MethodsNormal hearing CX3CR1+/GFP mice underwent either round window opening (sham), acute CI insertion or chronic CI insertion with no, low- or high-level electric stimulation. Electric stimulation levels were based on neural response telemetry (NRT), beginning post-operative day 7 for 4 hours per day. Subjects (n=3 per timepoint) were sacrificed at 4 hours, 1,4,7,8,11,14 and 21 days. An unimplanted group (n=3) served as controls. Cochleae were harvested at each time-point and prepared for immunohistochemistry with confocal imaging. The images were analyzed to obtain CX3CR1+ macrophage cell number and density in the lateral wall (LW), scala tympani (ST) and Rosenthal’s canal (RC).ResultsA ST peri-implant cellular infiltrate and fibrosis occurred exclusively in the chronically implanted groups starting on day 7 with a concurrent infiltration of CX3CR1+ macrophages not seen in the other groups. CX3CR1+ macrophage infiltration was seen in the LW and RC in all experimental groups within the first week, being most prominent in the 3 chronically implanted groups during the second and third week. There were no significant differences in macrophage infiltration related to levels of electric stimulation.ConclusionsThe cochlear immune response was most prominent in the presence of chronic cochlear implantation, regardless of electric stimulation level. Further, the development of intracochlear ST fibrosis was dependent on the presence of the indwelling CI foreign body. An innate immune response was evoked by surgical trauma alone (sham and acute CI groups) to a lesser degree. These data suggest that cochlear inflammation and intrascalar fibrosis after cochlear implantation are largely dependent on the presence of a chronic indwelling foreign body and are not critically dependent on electrical stimulation. Also, these data support a role for surgical trauma in inciting the initial innate immune response.
Identifying metabolic adaptations during cardiotoxicity using paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data integrated with a model of heart metabolism
Authors: Dougherty Bonnie V. , Rawls Kristopher D. , Jenior Matthew L. , Chun Bryan , Nagdas Sarbajeet , Saucerman Jeffrey J. , Kolling Glynis L. , Wallqvist Anders , Papin Jason A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImprovements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has revealed the long-term side effects of chemotherapeutics, particularly cardiotoxicity. Here, we present paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data characterizing in vitro cardiotoxicity to three compounds: 5-fluorouracil, acetaminophen, and doxorubicin. Standard gene enrichment and metabolomics approaches identify some commonly affected pathways and metabolites but are not able to readily identify metabolic adaptations in response to cardiotoxicity. The paired data was integrated with a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction (GENRE) of the heart to identify shifted metabolic functions, unique metabolic reactions, and changes in flux in metabolic reactions in response to these compounds. Using this approach, we confirm known mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and provide hypotheses for metabolic adaptations in cardiotoxicity for 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and acetaminophen.
Postmitotic accumulation of histone variant H3.3 in new cortical neurons establishes neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, and identity
Authors: Funk Owen H. , Qalieh Yaman , Doyle Daniel Z. , Lam Mandy M. , Kwan Kenneth Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHistone variants, which can be expressed outside of S-phase and deposited DNA synthesis-independently, provide long-term histone replacement in postmitotic cells, including neurons. Beyond replenishment, histone variants also play active roles in gene regulation by modulating chromatin states or enabling nucleosome turnover. Here, we uncover crucial roles for the histone H3 variant H3.3 in neuronal development. We find that newborn cortical excitatory neurons, which have only just completed replication-coupled deposition of canonical H3.1 and H3.2, substantially accumulate H3.3 immediately post mitosis. Co-deletion of H3.3-encoding genes H3f3a and H3f3b from newly postmitotic neurons abrogates H3.3 accumulation, markedly alters the histone posttranslational modification (PTM) landscape, and causes widespread disruptions to the establishment of the neuronal transcriptome. These changes coincide with developmental phenotypes in neuronal identities and axon projections. Thus, preexisting, replication-dependent histones are insufficient for establishing neuronal chromatin and transcriptome; de novo H3.3 is required. Stage-dependent deletion of H3f3a and H3f3b from (1) cycling neural progenitor cells, (2) neurons immediately post mitosis, or (3) several days later, reveals the first postmitotic days to be a critical window for de novo H3.3. After H3.3 accumulation within this developmental window, co-deletion of H3f3a and H3f3b does not lead to immediate H3.3 loss, but causes progressive H3.3 depletion over several months without widespread transcriptional disruptions or cellular phenotypes. Our study thus uncovers key developmental roles for de novo H3.3 in establishing neuronal chromatin, transcriptome, identity, and connectivity immediately post mitosis that are distinct from its role in maintaining total histone H3 levels over the neuronal lifespan.SignificanceDNA is packaged around histones into chromatin, which compacts the genome, but also restricts access to DNA. Gene transcription thus requires chromatin reorganization that is precisely regulated, including via variant forms of histones. Here, we find that during a critical developmental window for establishing postmitotic neuronal identity, newly generated cortical excitatory neurons substantially accumulate the histone H3 variant H3.3. Conditional deletion of H3.3-encoding genes from new neurons abrogates de novo H3.3 accumulation, and broadly disrupts neuronal histone modifications, gene expression, subtype identity, and axon projections. Thus, preexisting H3 histones are insufficient for establishing neuronal chromatin and transcriptome; de novo H3.3 is essential. This developmental requirement for H3.3 is distinct from H3.3 contribution to long-term maintenance of histones in mature neurons.
More than a feeling: scalp EEG and eye correlates of conscious tactile perception
Authors: Gusso Mariana M. , Christison-Lagay Kate L. , Zuckerman David , Chandrasekaran Ganesh , Kronemer Sharif I. , Ding Julia Z. , Freedman Noah C. , Nohama Percy , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the neural basis of consciousness is a fundamental goal of neuroscience. Many of the studies tackling this question have focused on conscious perception, but these studies have been largely vision-centric, with very few involving tactile perception. Therefore, we developed a novel tactile threshold perception task, which we used in conjunction with high-density scalp electroencephalography and eye-metric recordings. Participants were delivered threshold-level vibrations to one of the four non-thumb fingers, and were asked to report their perception using a response box. With false discovery rate (FDR) mass univariate analysis procedures, we found significant event-related potentials (ERP) including bilateral N140 and P300 for perceived vibrations; significant bilateral P100 and P300 were found following vibrations that were not perceived. Significant differences between perceived and not perceived trials were found bilaterally in the N140 and P300. Additionally, we found that pupil diameter and blink rate increased and that microsaccade rate decreased following vibrations that were perceived relative to those that were not perceived. While many of the signals are consistent with similar ERP-findings across sensory modalities, our results indicating a significant P300 in not perceived trials raise more questions regarding P300’s perceptual meaning. Additionally, our findings support the use of eye metrics as a measure of physiological arousal as pertains to conscious perception, and may represent a novel path toward the creation of tactile no-report tasks in the future.Abstract FigureHighlightsA novel tactile perceptual threshold task yields robust behavioral resultsEvent-related potentials differ according to perception statusP300 is observed in both perceived and not perceived trialsBlink rate, pupil diameter, and microsaccades differ across trial conditions