bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11 de noviembre de 2019: Fotografía del tránsito del planeta Mercurio
Authors: Díaz Saris Elena , Barahona Miguel 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Los tránsitos de planetas frente al Sol pueden ser vistos desde el planeta Tierra, especialmente Mercurio y Venus, los interiores del Sistema Solar. Para estudiar estos eventos es necesario conocer los términos de fotografía; apertura, velocidad e International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Sobre astronomía es importante resaltar, la conjunción interior y efemérides para tener una mejor compresión de la experiencia. Este artículo documenta aspectos técnicos de la fotografía aplicados a la astronomía del tránsito planetario el 11 de noviembre de 2019. Presentación de experiencia: Las observaciones se realizaron en el Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), entre las 06:35:27 y 12:04:14. Se trabajó con una cámara Canon EOS 5D Mark II, un telescopio Meade 8” y una laptop con software especializado para realizar las capturas fotográficas. Discusión: La primera imagen captada se llevó a cabo a las 07:01. Las condiciones climáticas impidieron realizar la toma de las primeras dos efemérides del tránsito. Se tomaron dos fotografías adicionales, una a las 09:19 y la otra a las 12:02. Conclusión: El OACS/UNAH obtuvo un banco de 125 imágenes de alta calidad a lo largo del evento astronómico.
Kritický realismus Revisited: Příspěvek k sociologické teorii subjektivity
Authors: Janák Dušan 
Published: January 2021

This paper develops the sociological conception of subjectivity, which recognizes the key role of cultural and linguistic meanings in social life. J. Šubrt’s concept of “duplex” could help to overcome the theoretical dilemma between individualism (subjectivism) and holism (objectivism) in sociology. This concept is inspired by the critical realism of I. A. Bláha and takes into account perspectives from the philosophy of language, phenomenology, the classical sociology of G. H. Mead, and the contemporary critical realism of M. Archer. The focus of the duplex concept is the interactive and procedural nature of meanings (mental representations). The argument in favour of the interactive and pluralistic conception of the subject of social events derives from this attribute of meaning.
Aldred Scott Warthin: Ann Arbor's Erudite, Outspoken, and Academically Transformative Early 20th Century Pathologist
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: January 2021

Context.—Aldred Scott Warthin, MD, PhD, was professor of pathology and director of the pathological laboratory at the University of Michigan during the first third of the 20th century.Objective.—To explore the life and accomplishments of Dr. Warthin and his impact on academic anatomic and clinical pathology.Design.—Available primary and secondary historic sources were reviewed.Results.—After studying music, biology, and botany, Warthin attended medical school at the University of Michigan, graduating in 1891; he remained in Ann Arbor for 40 years, almost single-handedly transforming a rundown department into a top academic department. He was a dedicated teacher who produced 2 important pathology textbooks. His research interests were diverse. In 1913, he published one of the first papers unambiguously documenting heritability of cancers; subsequent research on one of his cancer families resulted in the description of Lynch Syndrome. He published extensively in the fields of surgical pathology and experimental pathology. He was a recognized expert on syphilis and pathology of aging.Conclusions.—Warthin's name is eponymously associated with Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells in measles, Warthin's tumor of the parotid, and Warthin-Starry stain for the diagnosis of syphilis as well as Warthin's sign in the clinical diagnosis of pericarditis.
Pediatric Thromboelastograph 6s and Laboratory Coagulation Reference Values
Authors: Moynihan Katie M. , Johnson Kerry , Rane Mark , Norman Andrew , Humphreys Susan , Stocker Christian , Gibbons Kristen , Roy John 
Published: January 2021

Context.—
Specific reference intervals (RIs) facilitate accurate interpretation of results. Coagulation assay results may vary by demographics and also between reagents and analyzers used. Current Thromboelastograph 6s (TEG 6s) Hemostasis Analyzer RIs were generated from adult samples.

Objective.—
To generate reagent analyzer-specific pediatric RIs for TEG 6s and coagulation parameters.

Design.—
A prospective, observational, single-center study of healthy children undergoing general anesthesia (January 3, 2017 to January 3, 2019). Venous blood samples were obtained for TEG 6s (Kaolin, Kaolin-Heparinase, Rapid and Functional Fibrinogen assays) and coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin clotting time, Echis time, antithrombin activity, and fibrinogen concentration using Instrumentation Laboratory ACL-TOP analyzers). Differences between activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time reagents were investigated using mixed-effects regression, comparing maximum coefficients-of-variation with assay-specific allowable variation. RIs (lower/upper limits 2.5th of 97.5th percentiles) were generated using the following 2 methods: within discrete age-groups (neonates [&lt;1 month], infants [1 month–1 year], young children [1–5 years], older children [6–10 years], and adolescents [11–16 years]), and modeled as functions of age and/or sex using quantile regression, including significant fractional polynomial and interaction terms.

Results.—
Variation between prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays using different reagents was clinically significant. Reagent-analyzer specific pediatric RIs were generated using data from 254 children. Discrete and model-based RIs varied by age for all coagulation parameters and TEG 6s variables in all assays.

Conclusions.—
We report reagent-analyzer specific pediatric RIs for TEG 6s and coagulation parameters. Observed variation reinforces recommendations for laboratory-specific RIs. These findings improve accuracy of interpretation of clinical results, provide a foundation for comparison and validation of tests in pathology, and illustrate feasibility and advantages of model-based RI approaches.
Neo-Taylorism in the Digital Age: Workplace Transformations in French and German Retail Warehouses
Authors: Gautié Jérôme , Jaehrling Karen , Perez Coralie 
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes how digitalization in conjunction with changes to the economic environment are affecting the nature of low-skilled jobs in the logistics sector; in particular, job content and the working and employment conditions attached to those jobs. On the basis of expert interviews and company case studies in French and German retail warehouses, the authors investigate whether the adaptation of these jobs corresponds to the more general ‘neo-Taylorist’ transformation of workplaces discussed in the literature and seek to identify those factors that are helping to stabilize or modify this trend.
Drawing on the comparative labour relations literature, which distinguishes between different types of workers’ power resources (institutional, associational and structural), the study examines how and to what extent employees and their representatives renegotiate or influence techno-organizational choices. By focusing on firms headquartered in France and Germany, we can shed some light on whether the institutional power of organized labour may enable them to foster trajectories other than the kind of ‘digital Taylorism’ we see in liberal market economies.
The findings point, however, to a general convergence on digitally enhanced ‘Neo-Taylorism,’ which is characterized by deskilling and intensification of performance control. The limited cross-country variation can largely be explained by the very similar effects across countries of ‘lean’ supply-chain transformation and the trend toward outsourcing and offshoring, which negatively affect workers’ structural power. Moreover, associational resources are negatively affected by the deskilling trend. Meanwhile, the findings provide some evidence of a beneficial impact from the institutional power of worker representatives in both countries: in particular, the rights to veto and co-determine performance management systems. These rights have not altogether helped prevent the shift toward neo-Taylorism but have contributed to somewhat less intense forms of neo-Taylorism.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Disease Activity, and Exercise in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Gianfrancesco Milena A. , Heckbert Susan R. , Gensler Lianne S. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, and obesity is a common, modifiable risk factor. Our aims were to assess the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with disease activity in AS patients and to assess the extent to which the effect is mediated through exercise.MethodsWe used data from a prospective AS cohort with a median follow‐up of 7 years. To determine the association of BMI (kg/m2) with disease activity as measured by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), we used generalized estimating equations with inverse probability weighting to account for repeated measures per subject and time‐varying confounding. To estimate the direct effect of overweight/obese BMI on disease activity and the indirect effect through exercise, we performed a mediation analysis.ResultsThere were 183 subjects with available BMI and disease activity data (77% male, 70% White, mean ± SD age 40.8 ± 13.3 years). Higher BMI was significantly associated with higher disease activity over time; on average, for a 1 kg/m2 higher BMI, the ASDAS was 0.06 units higher (95% confidence interval 0.04–0.08) after adjustment for important confounders. The direct effect of an overweight/obese BMI accounted for most of the total effect on disease activity, with a smaller indirect effect mediated by exercise (7%).ConclusionHigher BMI was associated with higher disease activity in a prospective AS cohort. We found that being overweight/obese largely influenced disease activity directly rather than indirectly through exercise. Other mechanisms, such as increased inflammation, may better explain the obesity–disease activity association.
A Vaccination with Boosted Cross Presentation by ER‐Targeted Antigen Delivery for Anti‐Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Shi Yingying , Zhu Chunqi , Liu Yu , Lu Yichao , Li Xiang , Qin Bing , Luo Zhenyu , Luo Lihua , Jiang Mengshi , Zhang Junlei , Guan Guannan , Zheng Cheng , You Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVaccination is a widely‐accepted resort against the invasion or proliferation of bacteria, parasites, viruses, and even cancer, which accounts heavily on an active involvement of CD8+ T cells. As one of the pivotal strategies taken by dendritic cells (DCs) to promote the responsiveness of CD8+ T cells to exogenous antigens, cross presentation culminates in an elevated overall host defense against cancer or infection. However, the precise mechanisms regulating such a process remains elusive, and current attempts to fuel cross presentation usually fail to exert efficiency. Here, model antigen OVA‐loaded, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeting cationic liposome (OVA@lipoT) is developed and characterized with a booster effect on the activation and maturation of DCs. Moreover, OVA@lipoT pulsed DCs exhibit overwhelming superiority in triggering cytotoxic T lymphocyte response both in vivo and in vitro. Data reveal that lipoT alters the intracellular trafficking and presenting pathway of antigen, which promotes cross presentation and bears close relationship to the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). These results may drop a hint about the interconnectivity between cross presentation and ER‐targeted antigen delivery, provide extra information to the understanding of ERAD‐mediated cross priming, and even shed new light on the design and optimization of vaccines against currently intractable cancers or virus‐infection.
Energy Harvesting and Storage with Soft and Stretchable Materials
Authors: Vallem Veenasri , Sargolzaeiaval Yasaman , Ozturk Mehmet , Lai Ying‐Chih , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis review highlights various modes of converting ambient sources of energy into electricity using soft and stretchable materials. These mechanical properties are useful for emerging classes of stretchable electronics, e‐skins, bio‐integrated wearables, and soft robotics. The ability to harness energy from the environment allows these types of devices to be tetherless, thereby leading to a greater range of motion (in the case of robotics), better compliance (in the case of wearables and e‐skins), and increased application space (in the case of electronics). A variety of energy sources are available including mechanical (vibrations, human motion, wind/fluid motion), electromagnetic (radio frequency (RF), solar), and thermodynamic (chemical or thermal energy). This review briefly summarizes harvesting mechanisms and focuses on the materials’ strategies to render such devices into soft or stretchable embodiments.
Overcoming the Mucosal Barrier: Tetraether Lipid‐Stabilized Liposomal Nanocarriers Decorated with Cell‐Penetrating Peptides Enable Oral Delivery of Vancomycin
Authors: Uhl Philipp , Sauter Max , Hertlein Tobias , Witzigmann Dominik , Laffleur Flavia , Hofhaus Götz , Fidelj Veronika , Tursch Anja , Özbek Suat , Hopke Elisa , Haberkorn Uwe , Bernkop‐Schnürch Andreas , Ohlsen Knut , Fricker Gert , Mier Walter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the high medical need for oral peptide delivery, instability in the gastrointestinal tract and low mucosal permeation still impede this preferred route of administration. Herein, a liposomal nanocarrier combining two self‐reliant strategies to overcome these delivery barriers is reported. This approach enables the design of a nanocarrier system with synergistic properties: tetraether lipids derived from archaea are incorporated into liposomes to provide the particles with the stability required to traverse the stomach. When the surface of the resulting inert particles is modified with cell‐penetrating peptides, mucosal permeation can be achieved. The designed nanocarrier is proven effective by the high mucosal uptake of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in Ussing chamber studies. Efficacy in vivo is demonstrated in naïve rats, where a highly increased oral bioavailability is obtained for vancomycin, a drug known to be minimally absorbed. In contrast, administration of liposomes with single modification (tetraether lipids) leads to a substantially lower bioavailability. Therapeutic efficacy is proven by the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin in a Galleria mellonella and a systemic infection mouse model. The high oral bioavailability in absence of cytotoxic effects demonstrates that this nanocarrier delivery strategy might boost the oral application of macromolecular drugs in general.
Deep‐Learned Broadband Encoding Stochastic Filters for Computational Spectroscopic Instruments
Authors: Song Hongya , Ma Yaoguang , Han Yubing , Shen Weidong , Zhang Wenyi , Li Yanghui , Liu Xu , Peng Yifan , Hao Xiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComputational spectroscopic instruments with broadband encoding stochastic (BEST) filters allow the reconstruction of the spectrum at high precision with only a few filters. However, conventional design manners of BEST filters are often heuristic and may fail to fully explore the encoding potential of BEST filters. The parameter constrained spectral encoder and decoder (PCSED)—a neural network‐based framework—is presented for the design of BEST filters in spectroscopic instruments. By incorporating the target spectral response definition and the optical design procedures comprehensively, PCSED links the mathematical optimum and practical limits confined by available fabrication techniques. Benefiting from this, a BEST‐filter‐based spectral camera presents a higher reconstruction accuracy with up to 30 times enhancement and a better tolerance to fabrication errors. The generalizability of PCSED is validated in designing metasurface‐ and interference‐thin‐film‐based BEST filters.
Combination Chemo‐Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Using the Immunogenic Effects of an Irinotecan Silicasome Nanocarrier Plus Anti‐PD‐1
Authors: Liu Xiangsheng , Jiang Jinhong , Liao Yu‐Pei , Tang Ivanna , Zheng Emily , Qiu Waveley , Lin Matthew , Wang Xiang , Ji Ying , Mei Kuo‐Ching , Liu Qi , Chang Chong Hyun , Wainberg Zev A. , Nel Andre E. , Meng Huan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop new life‐prolonging therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is demonstrated that improved irinotecan delivery by a lipid bilayer coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle, also known as a silicasome, can improve PDAC survival through a chemo‐immunotherapy response in an orthotopic Kras‐dependent pancreatic cancer model. This discovery is premised on the weak‐basic properties of irinotecan, which neutralizes the acidic lysosomal pH in PDAC cells. This effect triggers a linked downstream cascade of events that include autophagy inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. ICD is characterized by calreticulin expression and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in dying Kras‐induced pancreatic cancer (KPC) cells, which is demonstrated in a vaccination experiment to prevent KPC tumor growth on the contralateral site. The improved delivery of irinotecan by the silicasome is accompanied by robust antitumor immunity, which can be synergistically enhanced by anti‐PD‐1 in the orthotopic model. Immunophenotyping confirms the expression of calreticulin, HMGB1, PD‐L1, and an autophagy marker, in addition to perforin and granzyme B deposition. The chemo‐immunotherapy response elicited by the silicasome is more robust than free or a liposomal drug, Onivyde. The silicasome plus anti‐PD‐1 leads to significantly enhanced survival improvement, and is far superior to anti‐PD‐1 plus either free irinotecan or Onivyde.
Doped Highly Crystalline Organic Films: Toward High‐Performance Organic Electronics
Authors: Sawatzki Michael F. , Kleemann Hans , Boroujeni Bahman K. , Wang Shu‐Jen , Vahland Joern , Ellinger Frank , Leo Karl 
Published: January 2021

AbstractToday's organic electronic devices, such as the highly successful OLED displays, are based on disordered films, with carrier mobilities orders of magnitude below those of inorganic semiconductors like silicon or GaAs. For organic devices such as diodes and transistors, higher charge carrier mobilities are paramount to achieve high performance. Organic single crystals have been shown to offer these required high mobilities. However, manufacturing and processing of these crystals are complex, rendering their use outside of laboratory‐scale applications negligible. Furthermore, doping cannot be easily integrated into these systems, which is particularly problematic for devices mandating high mobility materials. Here, it is demonstrated for the model system rubrene that highly ordered, doped thin films can be prepared, allowing high‐performance organic devices on almost any substrate. Specifically, triclinic rubrene crystals are created by abrupt heating of amorphous layers and can be electrically doped during the epitaxial growth process to achieve hole or electron conduction. Analysis of the space charge limited current in these films reveals record vertical mobilities of 10.3(49) cm2 V−1 s−1. To demonstrate the performance of this materials system, monolithic pin‐diodes aimed for rectification are built. The of these diodes is over 1 GHz and thus higher than any other organic semiconductor‐based device shown so far. It is believed that this work will pave the way for future high‐performance organic devices based on highly crystalline thin films.
Recent Advances in Heterostructure Engineering for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang Shaozhuan , Wang Zhouhao , Von Lim Yew , Wang Ye , Li Yan , Zhang Daohong , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a prospective next‐generation energy storage solution, lithium–sulfur batteries excel at their economical attractiveness (sulfur abundance) and electrochemical performance (high energy density, ≈2600 Wh kg−1). However, their application is impracticable without addressing the following vital issues: i) shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LPSs), ii) sluggish redox conversion kinetics of LPSs, iii) large volumetric expansion of S after lithiation (≈80%), and iv) uncontrollable Li dendritic formation. Recently, many strategies have been proposed to solve these issues, which have focused on physical/chemical entrapment of LPSs, catalytic promotion of LPSs conversion and directional regulation of Li plating/stripping. Designing/constructing heterostructured materials is one of the promising approaches to potentially resolve all the above challenges with one material. In this review, the recent advances of heterostructures focused on S cathodes, interlayers and Li anodes are reviewed in detail. First, the fundamental chemistry of Li–S batteries and principles of heterostructures reinforced Li–S batteries are described. Second, the applications of heterostructures in Li–S batteries are discussed comprehensively. Finally, a concise outlook on utilizing the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of heterostructures is delivered, with the aim to provide some inspiration for the design and fabrication of advanced Li–S batteries.
Association of a standardized measure of nasopharyngeal inflammation with Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire score
Authors: Bergeron Jeffrey M. , Parsel Sean M. , Do Triet M. , Unis Graham D. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundStandardized diagnostic criteria for Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD) have not been established. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between ET inflammation and ETD symptoms and to determine the diagnostic performance of a quantitative score.MethodsPatients were enrolled in a rhinology clinic between October 2018 and June 2019. Patients underwent nasal endoscopy and completed the 7‐item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7). Nasopharyngeal inflammation identified on endoscopy was quantified using the Endoscopic Evaluation of the Eustachian Tube (3ET) score. Tympanometry was performed as indicated. Comorbid conditions were assigned during the patient encounter.ResultsA total of 414 patients were included in the study. Patients with clinically significant ETD symptoms (ETDQ‐7 ≥2.1) had higher 3ET scores than those without symptoms. A 1‐point increase in 3ET score was associated with a 1.7‐fold increase in odds of clinically significant ETD symptoms (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.05). The 3ET scores were correlated with ETDQ‐7 scores (ρ = 0.54) and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores (ρ = 0.52). 3ET scores were not associated with tympanometric peak pressures. Patients with ETD symptoms were more likely to have laryngopharyngeal reflux (aOR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.24 to 6.18). A 3ET score of 4 predicted symptomatic state in 80% of cases with a specificity of 97.8% and positive predictive value of 96.6%.ConclusionInflammatory findings at the nasopharyngeal ET orifice are associated with clinically significant ETD symptoms. The 3ET score is specific for a symptomatic state and has potential clinical utility in the evaluation of suspected ETD. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.