bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired oil‐soluble polymers based on catecholamine chemistry for reduced friction
Authors: He Mingrui , Sun Yulong , Tan Xiaolong , Luo Jing , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReduction of friction and wear contributes significantly to energy saving for mechanical system as considerable energy has been consumed in various forms of friction worldwide. In the present study, two kinds of dopamine‐based oil‐soluble polymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (DOPA‐BiBB‐pLMA) and photopolymerization (DOPA‐I2959‐pLMA), and modified onto the Ti6Al4V sheet by the “grafting to” method. The characterizations of nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, water contact angle, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the polymers were successfully grafted onto the Ti6Al4V surface. Additionally, a series of tribological tests were performed in oil environment using a universal materials tester under different experimental conditions. It was shown that the coefficient of friction using the Ti6Al4V sheets grafted by the dopamine‐based polymers was reduced by 23.5–46.2% compared with bare Ti6Al4V sheet. Furthermore, the wear depth and wear volume were also greatly decreased with the introduction of the dopamine‐based polymers. DOPA‐I2959‐pLMA showed slightly better lubrication enhancement than that of DOPA‐BiBB‐pLMA, which may be attributed to the relatively higher polymerization degree. In summary, a universal “grafting to” surface modification approach was proposed bioinspired by catecholamine chemistry, which remarkably reduced friction and wear of the tribopairs with the introduction of oil‐soluble polymers.
The preparation of Al2O3 based organic/inorganic composite films and the application in agricultural greenhouse
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Junjia , Lai Jinqing , Zhao Yang , Sun Xiaoyan , Xie Dong , Li Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe work presented herein focuses on developing the Al2O3 based organic/inorganic multifunctional composite films via an internal addition method in the presence of dripping agent, antifogging agent, light stabilizer and insulation barrier agent. The resulting composite films were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscope, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, UV, and tensile testing machine. The morphology changed obviously after introducing the inorganic fillers. In addition, the results indicated that the contact angle of the activated Al2O3–10 film had the best stability and the film with ultrafine Al2O3 possessed the best anti‐dripping performance. The time of the first water drop of the film containing 10 g activated Al2O3 (the activated Al2O3–10) was 7 min and 18 s, and the time of each ten‐drops was less than 120 s. The simulated anti‐aging period of the films with anti‐aging agent was up to 423 days, which is superior to many other reported organic/inorganic composite films and can be applied to those extreme climate areas (such as Xinjiang, China).
Identity interplay: The importance and challenges of consumer research on multiple identities
Authors: Forehand Mark , Reed Americus , Saint Clair Julian K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough it is well accepted that the self‐concept includes numerous identities, the preponderance of past consumer identity research has explored one identity at a time and this focus has limited new insights into the interplay between identities. We integrate across research streams to propose a Multiple‐Identity Network as a unifying framework to help inform and direct future research on multiple identities. This framework identifies three important areas of opportunity for research on multiple identities: (a) Identity Structure, (b) Identity Management, and (c) Identity Change processes that drive both structure and management.
Saving Water With a Landscape Water Conservation Rebate Program
Authors: Bijoor Neeta S. 
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysIn response to severe drought in the state of California, local, regional, and state water agencies implemented rebate programs to encourage reductions in water use.The Valley Water Landscape Rebate Program encourages residents and businesses to convert high‐water‐use landscape to approved low‐water‐use landscape, and to retrofit existing irrigation equipment with approved high‐efficiency irrigation equipment.Significant and ongoing water savings can be achieved by rebate programs for turf removal, weather‐based irrigation controllers, and high‐efficiency sprinkler nozzles.
Building Trust in Your Utility: When Not to Apologize
Authors: Goetz Melanie K. 
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysWhen a utility makes a mistake that affects its customers, an apology is warranted from the utility's management, not from its customer service staff.Customer service representatives should not immediately apologize when a customer issues a complaint if the event facts are unknown or as a response to a given, such as rates.Knowing when to apologize, and when not to, is important for engendering customer trust in a utility.
Social discounting: The effects of manipulating construal level and distance to socially closer person
Authors: Osiński Jerzy T. , Karbowski Adam , Rusek Jan , Reinholz Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn temporal discounting, when a smaller and sooner reward is selected over a larger and more delayed reward, the addition of a constant delay to both outcomes results in preference reversals. The present experimental study investigates preference reversals in social discounting, that is, allocating rewards based on social distance. The experiment was carried out on 140 participants asked to make hypothetical choices between a smaller reward for a socially closer person and a larger reward for a more distant person. The results showed that shifting both rewards by a constant and relatively large social distance caused a decrease of the discounting rate but only when concrete thinking about the recipients was not primed by the instructions. Shifting the rewards by a constant and relatively small distance caused steeper discounting, regardless of the type of instructions. Similarities and differences between temporal and social discounting are discussed in the context of these findings.
Olfactory function and viral recovery in COVID‐19
Authors: Mazzoli Marco , Molinari Maria Angela , Tondelli Manuela , Giovannini Giada , Ricceri Riccardo , Ciolli Ludovico , Picchetto Livio , Meletti Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory and taste disorders were reported in up to 30%–80% of COVID‐19 patients. The purpose of our study was to objectively assess smell impairment in COVID‐19 patients and to correlate olfactory function with viral recovery.MethodsBetween 15 and 30 April 2020, hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection underwent an objective assessment of olfactory function with the Smell Identification subtest of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SI‐SST). Association between viral recovery and SI‐SST performance was evaluated.Results51 patients were enrolled (49% males, mean age 66.2 ± 14.6 years). At the time of test administration, 45% were clinically recovered and 39% were virus‐free. Objective hyposmia/anosmia was found in 45% of the patients. Subjective olfactory disorders showed no association with the clinical or viral recovery status of the patients. On the contrary, none of the patients with anosmia and the 5% of hyposmic patients at test had viral recovery. The relative risk for hyposmic patients to be still positive at swab test was 10.323 (95% CI 1.483–71.869, p < .0001). Logistic regression analysis showed an independent and significant correlation between viral clearance and SI‐SST scores (OR = 2.242; 95% CI 1.322–3.802, p < .003). ROC curve analysis confirmed that a SI‐SST > 10.5 predicts viral clearance with 79% sensitivity and 87% specificity (AUC = 0.883).ConclusionHyposmia is part of COVID‐19 symptoms; however, only objectively assessed olfactory function is associated with viral recovery. SI‐SST is an easy and safe instrument, and further large multicentric studies should assess its value to predict infection and recovery.
Safety and Efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Geng Yichao , Zhang Qiuning , Feng Shuangwu , Li Chengcheng , Wang Lina , Zhao Xueshan , Yang Zhen , Li Zheng , Luo Hongtao , Liu Ruifeng , Lu Bing , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA combination of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors and radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly being used to treat non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the safety and efficacy of this approach remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to summarize the related research.MethodsWe searched the China Biology Medicine, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases for all the relevant studies. The Stata software, version 12.0 was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsThe study included 20 clinical trials that enrolled 2027 patients with NSCLC. Compared with non‐combination therapy, combination therapy using PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and RT was associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) (1‐year OS: odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–2.33, p = 0.000; 2‐year OS: OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35–2.33, p = 0.000) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (0.5‐year PFS: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13–2.98, p = 0.014; 1‐year PFS: OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.29–3.38, p = 0.003; 2‐year PFS: OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.13–5.37, p = 0.023). Combination therapy also improved the objective response rate (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.06–7.19, p = 0.038) and disease control rate (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.21–2.68, p = 0.004). This meta‐analysis showed that compared with non‐combination therapy, combination therapy using PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and RT did not increase the serious adverse event rates (≥grade 3); however, this approach increased the rate of grade 1–2 immune‐related or radiation pneumonitis. Subgroup analyses revealed that the sequence of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors followed RT outperformed in which concurrent PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor and RT followed PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor. Combination of stereotactic body RT or stereotactic radiosurgery with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors may be more effective than a combination of conventional RT with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced NSCLC.ConclusionCombination therapy using PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and RT may improve OS, PFS, and tumor response rates without an increase in serious adverse events in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, combination therapy was shown to increase the incidence of mild pneumonitis.
Supporting capital punishment for rape offenders as a collective retaliation against honour threat
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Üzümçeker Emir , Boyacıoğlu İnci 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmbivalent sexism and related issues such as rape myths and gendered social norms serve to maintain structural gender inequalities. Exploring the implications of benevolent and hostile sexism separately in social practice, such as retaliatory acts in honour cultures, is essential for understanding gender‐based violence and inequalities. Although a vast majority of research focused on direct and interpersonal aggressive response or retaliatory acts against the honour threat in honour cultures, little is known about subtler collective social processes in honour‐damaging situations. To address the gap in our understanding of how retaliatory responses are carried out against honour threat in a subtler and collective way, we focused on the rising demands for reinstatement of the death penalty to stop the increased rates of sexual violence in Turkey as a collective retaliatory response against honour‐threat. To test this argument, we conducted a survey study with 450 participants to examine the role of ambivalent sexism, the gendered norms of honour culture, and rape myths in supporting the death penalty for rape offenders in Turkey. The results indicate that ambivalent sexism and honour culture's gendered norms predicted support for capital punishment. Furthermore, hostile sexism moderated the relationship between rape myth acceptance and support for death penalty. We find that individuals who have high hostile sexism and strong rape myth acceptance do not support capital punishment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the social mechanisms related to hostile and benevolent sexism which results in support for the death penalty in Turkey.
Confinement Effect on Heterogeneous Electron Transfer in Aqueous Solutions inside Conducting Nanotubes
Authors: Shermukhamedov Shokirbek A. , Nazmutdinov Renat R. , Bronshtein Michael D. , Probst Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn Fe3+/2+ redox couple in conducting single wall carbon nanotubes filled with water molecules is investigated in the framework of the electron transfer theory and with classical molecular dynamics simulations. The diameter of the nanotubes ranges from 0.8 nm to 3.5 nm. It can be concluded, qualitatively, that the electron transfer rate significantly increases with decreasing nanotube diameter. This effect is explained basically in terms of the solvent reorganization energy. Other factors that can affect the reaction rate are discussed as well.
Electrochemical Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A2: The Relevance of O2 Control and the Natural Electron Donor
Authors: Silveira Célia M. , Rodrigues Patrícia R. , Ghach Wissam , Pereira Sofia A. , Esteves Francisco , Kranendonk Michel , Etienne Mathieu , Almeida M. Gabriela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the Group of Biomarkers and Biosensors – GB2 (https://gb29.webnode.pt) at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (Portugal) and CiiEM (Portugal). The cover picture shows the electrochemical response of the human monooxygenase enzyme, cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), in the presence of its natural electron donor partner, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR), highlighting the role of the interaction with the latter in the stabilization of CYP1A2 and attaining the electrochemically driven activity towards O2. The picture also emphasizes the protein entrapment matrix, a biocompatible sol‐gel film, which proved to be crucial for the achievement of interfacial electron transfer. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001255.
Phase equilibria in the system sulphur dioxide‐water from 25–300°c
Authors: Spall B. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe liquid‐vapor phase relationships in the system sulphur dioxide‐water have been investigated by the dew and bubble point method. Measurements were made in the pressure range 4 to 250 atm. and the temperature range 25 to 350°C. At the higher temperatures and pressures the mixture in the tube reacted to give sulphuric acid and sulphur and the data in this region are inaccurate.Below the consolute temperature of 127.5°C. two liquid phases can be formed and the system becomes invariant when a vapor phase is also present. At higher temperatures the phase diagrams are of simple shape, and above the critical point of sulphur dioxide the liquid‐vapor inhomogeneous regions become progressively smaller, eventually disappearing at the critical point of water.
Sex‐gender disparities in nonagenarians with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cepas‐Guillen Pedro L. , Echarte‐Morales Julio , Flores‐Umanzor Eduardo , Fernandez‐Valledor Andrea , Caldentey Guillem , Viana‐Tejedor Ana , Martinez Gomez Eduardo , Tundidor‐Sanz Elena , Borrego‐Rodriguez Javier , Vidal Pablo , Llagostera Marc , Quiroga Xavier , Freixa Xavier , Fernández‐Vázquez Felipe , Sabate Manel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains one of the leading causes of mortality for women, increasing with age. There is an unmet need regarding this condition in a fast‐growing and predominantly female population, such as nonagenarians.HypothesisOur aim is to compare sex‐based differences in ACS management and long‐term clinical outcomes between women and men in a cohort of nonagenarians.MethodsWe included consecutive nonagenarian patients with ACS admitted at four academic centers between 2005 and 2018. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of each center.ResultsA total of 680 nonagenarians were included (59% females). Of them, 373 (55%) patients presented with non‐ST‐segment elevation ACS and 307 (45%) with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Men presented a higher disease burden compared to women. Conversely, women were frailer with higher disability and severe cognitive impairment. In the STEMI group, women were less likely than men to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (60% vs. 45%; p = .01). Overall mortality rates were similar in both groups but PCI survival benefit at 1‐year was greater in women compared to their male counterparts (82% vs. 68%; p = .008), persisting after sensitivity analyses using propensity‐score matching (80% vs. 64%; p = .03).ConclusionSex‐gender disparities have been observed in nonagenarians. Despite receiving less often invasive approaches, women showed better clinical outcomes. Our finding may help increase awareness and reduce the current gender gap in ACS management at any age.
Expenditures among young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by site of care
Authors: Wolfson Julie A. , Bhatia Smita , Ginsberg Jill , Becker Laura K. , Bernstein David , Henk Henry J. , Lyman Gary H. , Nathan Paul C. , Puccetti Diane , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Winestone Lena E. , Kenzik Kelly M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIndividuals diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between the ages of 22 and 39 years experience worse outcomes than those diagnosed when they are 21 years old or younger. Treatment at National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) mitigates these disparities but may be associated with higher expenditures.MethodsUsing deidentified administrative claims data (OptumLabs Data Warehouse), the cancer‐related expenditures were examined among patients with ALL diagnosed between 2001 and 2014. Multivariable generalized linear model with log‐link modeled average monthly health‐plan–paid (HPP) expenditures and amount owed by the patient (out‐of‐pocket [OOP]). Cost ratios were used to calculate excess expenditures (CCC vs non‐CCC). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared CCC and non‐CCC monthly visit rates. Models adjusted for sociodemographics, comorbidities, adverse events, and months enrolled.ResultsClinical and sociodemographic characteristics were comparable between CCC (n = 160) and non‐CCC (n = 139) patients. Higher monthly outpatient expenditures in CCC patients ($15,792 vs $6404; P < .001) were driven by outpatient hospital HPP expenditures. Monthly visit rates and per visit expenditures for nonchemotherapy visits (IRR = 1.6; P = .001; CCC = $8247, non‐CCC = $1191) drove higher outpatient hospital expenditures among CCCs. Monthly OOP expenditures were higher at CCCs for outpatient care (P = .02). Inpatient HPP expenditures were significantly higher at CCCs ($25,918 vs $13,881; ꞵ = 0.9; P < .001) before accounting for adverse events but were no longer significant after adjusting for adverse events (ꞵ = 0.4; P = .1). Hospitalizations and length of stay were comparable.ConclusionsYoung adults with ALL at CCCs have higher expenditures, likely reflecting differences in facility structure, billing practices, and comprehensive patient care. It would be reasonable to consider CCCs comparable to the oncology care model and incentivize the framework to achieve superior outcomes and long‐term cost savings.Lay Summary

Health care expenditures in young adults (aged 22‐39 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are higher among patients at National Cancer Institute‐designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) than those at non‐CCCs.

The CCC/non‐CCC differences are significant among outpatient expenditures, which are driven by higher rates of outpatient hospital visits and outpatient hospital expenditures per visit at CCCs.

Higher expenditures and visit rates of outpatient hospital visits among CCCs may also reflect how facility structure and billing patterns influence spending or comprehensive care.

Young adults at CCCs face higher inpatient HPP expenditures; these are driven by serious adverse events.
Isogeometric finite element‐based simulation of the aortic heart valve: Integration of neural network structural material model and structural tensor fiber architecture representations
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Rossini Giovanni , Kamensky David , Bui‐Thanh Tan , Sacks Michael S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe functional complexity of native and replacement aortic heart valves (AVs) is well known, incorporating such physical phenomenons as time‐varying non‐linear anisotropic soft tissue mechanical behavior, geometric non‐linearity, complex multi‐surface time varying contact, and fluid–structure interactions to name a few. It is thus clear that computational simulations are critical in understanding AV function and for the rational basis for design of their replacements. However, such approaches continued to be limited by ad‐hoc approaches for incorporating tissue fibrous structure, high‐fidelity material models, and valve geometry. To this end, we developed an integrated tri‐leaflet valve pipeline built upon an isogeometric analysis framework. A high‐order structural tensor (HOST)‐based method was developed for efficient storage and mapping the two‐dimensional fiber structural data onto the valvular 3D geometry. We then developed a neural network (NN) material model that learned the responses of a detailed meso‐structural model for exogenously cross‐linked planar soft tissues. The NN material model not only reproduced the full anisotropic mechanical responses but also demonstrated a considerable efficiency improvement, as it was trained over a range of realizable fibrous structures. Results of parametric simulations were then performed, as well as population‐based bicuspid AV fiber structure, that demonstrated the efficiency and robustness of the present approach. In summary, the present approach that integrates HOST and NN material model provides an efficient computational analysis framework with increased physical and functional realism for the simulation of native and replacement tri‐leaflet heart valves.