bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of glycolysis‐related prognostic score for prediction of prognosis and chemosensitivity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Ping , Chen Qinjunjie , Liu Qu , Wang Yang , Wang Fei , Zhao Zhi‐Ming , Zhao Guo‐Dong , Lau Wan Yee , Gao Yu‐Zhen , Liu Rong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with aggressive biological behaviour. Its rapid proliferation and tumour growth require reprogramming of glucose metabolism or the Warburg effect. However, the association between glycolysis‐related genes with clinical features and prognosis of PDAC is still unknown. Here, we used the meta‐analysis to correlate the hazard ratios (HR) of 106 glycolysis genes from MSigDB by the cox proportional hazards regression analysis in 6 clinical data sets of PDAC patients to form a training cohort, and a single group of PDAC patients from the TCGA, ICGC, Arrayexpress and GEO databases to form the validation cohort. Then, a glycolysis‐related prognosis (GRP) score based on 29 glycolysis prognostic genes was established in 757 PDAC patients from the training composite cohort and validated in 267 ICGC‐CA validation cohort (all P < .05). In addition, including PADC, the prognostic value was also confirmed in other 7 out of 30 pan‐cancer cohorts. The GRP score was significantly related to specific metabolism pathways, immune genes and immune cells in the patients with PADC (all P < .05). Finally, by combining with immune cells, the GRP score also well‐predicted the chemosensitivity of patients with PADC in the TCGA cohort (AUC = 0.709). In conclusion, this study developed a GRP score for patients with PDAC in predicting prognosis and chemosensitivity for PDAC.
Bidirectional associations between screen time and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors
Authors: Neville Ross D. , McArthur Brae Anne , Eirich Rachel , Lakes Kimberley D. , Madigan Sheri 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWhile it has been purported that excessive screen time can lead to behavioral problems, it has also been suggested that children with behavioral dysregulation receive more access to screens to manage problematic behavior. In this study, both temporally stable and longitudinal associations between screen time and externalizing and internalizing behaviors across childhood are examined to directly address this issue of directionality.MethodsData are from a prospective cohort of 10,172 Irish children, collected between 2010 and 2018 when children were ages 3, 5, 7, and 9. Children’s screen time (hours/day) and externalizing and internalizing behaviors (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were assessed via caregiver report. Random‐intercepts cross‐lagged panel models were used to estimate longitudinal bidirectional associations while controlling for temporally stable (i.e., ‘time‐invariant’ or ‘trait‐like’) differences between children.ResultsTemporally stable differences between children were observed for both screen time and behavior problems. Longitudinal trajectories for screen time lacked stability; however, and externalizing and internalizing behaviors stabilized increasingly during later childhood. Greater externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 3 were directionally associated with increased screen time at age 5. Greater screen time at ages 3 and 5 was directionally associated with increased internalizing behaviors at ages 5 and 7, respectively. More screen time at age 7 was directionally associated with fewer internalizing behaviors at age 9. Screen time was not associated with later externalizing behaviors.ConclusionsBidirectional associations between screen time and internalizing behaviors were observed for preschoolers. Directional associations between screen time and internalizing difficulties were observed across childhood. These findings can inform screen use guidelines and family media planning at different ages and stages of development.
First record of a potential neonate tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) at a remote oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Cambra Marta , Madrigal‐Mora Sergio , Chinchilla Isaac , Golfín‐Duarte Geiner , Lowe Christopher G. , Espinoza Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) play an important ecological role as top predators, yet knowledge of their reproductive ecology is scarce. Here, the authors report the first observation of a potential neonate G. cuvier at Cocos Island, a predator‐dominated oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). The individual was detected using baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS). The cameras also detected female individuals potentially pregnant, suggesting that parturition may take place at or near the island. Nonetheless, it is still unclear if the presence of a single neonate is an isolated event or evidence that the species is using the island for reproduction.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on physicochemical properties of corn starch and improvement of enzymatic saccharification of corn starch at high concentration (45%)
Authors: Yu Yali , Feng Mengmeng , Wang Qi , Liu Mingyuan , Gao Feng , Lin Songyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCornstarch was irradiated under different doses of electron beam radiation (0–5.4 kGy), and the physicochemical properties of starch were analyzed. The dextrose equivalent (DE) values, which is a representative indicator of saccharification in the sugar production process, was measured after the EBI pre‐treated cornstarch at high concentration (45%, wt/wt) was hydrolyzed by thermostable α‐amylase and glucoamylase. The reducing sugar content of the cornstarch markedly increased with increasing irradiation dose. In addition, reduced transmittance, flexural vibration of chemical bond, the viscosity, and the relative crystallinity decreased with increasing irradiation dose. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the penetrating pinholes and pits were observed on the surface of irradiated cornstarch granules. After being hydrolyzed by thermostable α‐amylase and glucoamylase, slurry of cornstarch EBI pre‐treated at dose of 4.32 and 5.4 kGy exhibited the low viscosity values and high dextrose equivalent (DE) values. The resulting low viscosity values and high dextrose equivalent (DE) values slurry from EBI pre‐treated cornstarch have potential for use in syrup industry.Practical ApplicationsThe slurry made from EBI pre‐treated cornstarch at the concentration of 45% (wt/wt)exhibited a rather low viscosity values and high dextrose equivalent (DE) values compared with that of the slurry (45% wt/wt)made from the non‐EBI pre‐treated cornstarch. Therefore, the use of starch modified by electron beam irradiation treatment could lead to reduce corn syrup processing costs. Corn syrup is an important raw material of bakery industry. The reduction of its production cost is of great significance for stabilizing the market price of bakery food and promoting the coordinated development of bakery industry.
Cultivar identification of sweet cherries based on texture parameters determined using image analysis
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Popińska Wioletta , Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop discriminative models for distinguishing different cultivars of whole sweet cherries based on the texture parameters determined using image analysis. The whole fruit images of “Büttner's Red,” “Kordia,” and “Lapins” were acquired using a digital camera. The discriminative models were built for textures selected from individual color channels R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, and Z and color spaces CIE RGB (R—red, B—blue, G—green), CIE Lab (L*—lightness from black to white, a*—green and red, b*—blue and yellow), CIE XYZ (Y—lightness, X and Z—components of color information). The models were developed for texture sets without division and subsets of textures with division into those calculated based on the histogram, co‐occurrence matrix, run‐length matrix, autoregressive model, gradient map. The total accuracy reached 100% for the models built based on sets of textures without division selected from color channels R and X and color spaces RGB, Lab, and XYZ. In the case of divided sets of textures, the correctness of 100% was obtained for textures selected from histogram and co‐occurrence matrix for color space Lab. For color channels, the highest accuracy was equal to 97% for the model built based on the selected textures calculated based on the histogram for color channel L. The significance of this study is great for practical applications. The correct identification of sweet cherry cultivar using the discriminative models can be important for the selection of fruits with the desired properties for consumption and processing.Practical applicationsThe research involved the use of a procedure that allows the classification of sweet cherries in a non‐destructive, objective, and inexpensive manner. The obtained results were very satisfactory and allowed for the complete discrimination of sweet cherry cultivars based on texture parameters of the whole fruit. The developed models may be used in practice for cultivar identification of sweet cherries and detection of falsification or confirmation of authenticity. It will avoid the mixing of different cultivars with different properties intended for use and processing.
Mealtime and patient factors associated with meal completion in hospitalised older patients: An exploratory observation study
Authors: Naughton Corina , Simon Rachel , White T. J. , de Foubert Marguerite , Cummins Helen , Dahly Darren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo examine mealtime and patient factors associated with meal completion among hospitalised older patients. We also considered contextual factors such as staffing levels and ward communication.BackgroundSub‐optimum nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for hospital associated decline (HAD) in older patients. Yet, the quality of mealtime experiences can be overlooked within ward routinised practice.DesignCross sectional, descriptive observation study.MethodsWe undertook structured observation of mealtimes examining patient positioning, mealtime set‐up and feeding assistance. The outcome was meal completion categorised as 0, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100%. Data were collected on patient characteristics and ward context. We used mixed‐effects ordinal regression models to examine patient and mealtime factors associated with higher meal completion producing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The study was reported as per STROBE guidelines.ResultsWe included 60 patients with a median age of 82 years (IQR 76–87) and clinical frailty score of 5 IQR (4–6). Of the 279 meals, 51% were eaten completely, 6% three quarters, 15% half, 18% a quarter and 10% were not eaten at all. Mealtime predictors with a weak association with less‐meal completion were requiring assistance, special diets, lying in bed, and red tray (indicator of nutrition risk), but were not statistically significant. Significant patient‐level factors were higher values for frailty (OR 0.34 [0.11–1.04]) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (OR 0.22 [0.08–0.62]). The average nurse‐to‐patient ratio was 1:5.5.ConclusionPatient factors were the strongest predictors for meal completion, but mealtime factors had a subtle influence. The nursing teams' capacity to prioritise mealtimes above competing demands is important as part of a comprehensive nutrition strategy.Relevance to clinical practiseNurses are central to optimising nutrition for frail older patients. It requires ward leadership to instil a culture of prioritising assisted mealtimes, improved communication, greater autonomy to tailor nutrition strategies and safe staffing levels.
Inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis: modernizing the multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Hedin C.R.H. , Sonkoly E. , Eberhardson M. , Ståhle M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPsoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are immune‐mediated diseases occurring in barrier organs whose main task is to protect the organism from attack. These disorders are highly prevalent especially in northern Europe where psoriasis has a prevalence of around 3–4% and IBD around 0.3%. The prevalence of IBD in North America has been estimated at around 0.4%. The total incidence rates in northern Europe have been estimated at around 6 for Crohn’s disease and 11 for ulcerative colitis per 100 000 person‐years, compared with an incidence rate of around 280 per 100 000 person‐years for psoriasis. Both diseases are less common in countries with a lower index of development. The rise in IBD appears to occur as populations adopt a westernized lifestyle, whereas psoriasis seems more stable and prevalence differences may derive more from variation in genetic susceptibility. The gut microbiota is clearly an important driver of IBD pathogenesis; in psoriasis, changes in gut and skin microbiota have been reported, but it is less clear whether and how these changes contribute to the pathogenesis. Large studies show that most identified genes are involved in the immune system. However, psoriasis and IBD are highly heterogeneous diseases and there is a need for more precise and deeper phenotyping to identify specific subgroups and their genetic, epigenetic and molecular signatures. Epigenetic modifications of DNA such as histone modifications, noncoding RNA effects on transcription and translation and DNA methylation are increasingly recognized as the mechanism underpinning much of the gene–environment interaction in the pathogenesis of both IBD and psoriasis. Our understanding of underlying pathogenetic mechanisms has deepened fundamentally over the past decades developing hand in hand with novel therapies targeting pathways and proinflammatory cytokines incriminated in disease. There is not only substantial overlap between psoriasis and IBD, but also there are differences with implication for therapy. In psoriasis, drugs targeting interleukin‐23 and interleukin‐17 have shown superior efficacy compared with anti‐TNFs, whilst in IBD, drugs targeting interleukin‐17 may be less beneficial. The therapeutic toolbox for psoriasis is impressive and is enlarging also for IBD. Still, there are unmet needs reflecting the heterogeneity of both diseases and there is a need for closer molecular diagnostics to allow for the development of precise therapeutics.
3D Virtual Patient Representation for Guiding a Maxillary Overdenture Fabrication: A Dental Technique
Authors: Pérez‐Giugovaz Marcelo Gabriel , Park So Hyeon , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis report describes a technique to obtain a 3D virtual representation of a maxillary edentulous patient guided by an additively manufactured intraoral scan body. The intraoral scan body incorporated a custom tray and occlusion rim which facilitated the acquiring of a digital definitive cast, maxillary occlusion rim position, interocclusal registration, and guided the integration of the facial scans. The technique simplified the design and manufacturing of the maxillary overdenture.
Northward range extension for Durvillaea poha bull kelp: Response to tectonic disturbance?
Authors: Vaux Felix , Craw Dave , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2021

Understanding the forces that shape species distributions is increasingly important in a fast‐changing world. Although major disturbance events can adversely affect natural populations, they can also present new opportunities, for example by opening up habitat for colonization by other lineages. Following extensive geographic sampling, we use genomic data to infer a range extension following disturbance for an ecologically important intertidal macroalgal species. Specifically, we genotyped 288 southern bull kelp (Durvillaea) plants from 28 localities across central New Zealand. All specimens from the North Island were expected to be D. antarctica, but unexpectedly 10 samples from four sites were identified as D. poha. Extensive sampling from the northern South Island (105 samples at five locations) confirmed the absence of D. poha north of the Kaikōura Peninsula. The North Island specimens of D. poha therefore reveal a biogeographic disjunction, some 150 km northeast of the nearest (South Island) population of this species. Based on strong geographic correspondence between these North Island samples and historic disturbance, we infer that tectonic upheaval, particularly earthquake‐generated landslides, likely extirpated local D. antarctica and created an opportunity for a northward range expansion event by D. poha. Close phylogenomic relationships between this new North Island population and South Island samples support a geologically recent northward expansion, rather than a deeper evolutionary origin. These findings indicate the potential of large‐scale disturbances to facilitate sudden biogeographic range expansions, and they emphasize the ability of genomic analyses with fine‐scale sampling to reveal long‐lasting signatures of past disturbance, dispersal, and colonization.
The F3 phenomenon: Early‐career training breaks in medical training. A scoping review
Authors: Church Helen R. , Agius Steven J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince 2017, more than 50% of UK doctors have undertaken a ‘Foundation 3 (F3) Year’ training break after completing their foundation programme (the first two years following graduation), rather than immediately enter specialty training. The reasons for, and consequences of, the growing F3 trend are largely unknown. This scoping review presents the current evidence and identifies future research in this field.MethodsFollowing Arksey and O’Malley's guidelines, 12 databases and three UK‐based national postgraduate organisation websites were searched for articles published in English (final searches January 2020). Multiple search terms were used to capture articles relating to the ‘F3’ time‐period, including ‘post‐foundation’ or ‘pre‐specialty’ training. Title, abstract and full‐paper screening selected articles reporting any aspect of F3, including within a wider context (eg postgraduate training breaks), and then underwent mixed‐methods analysis.ResultsOf 4766 articles identified, 45 were included. All articles were published after 2009; 14/45 (31.1%) were published in 2019. 27 articles reported research, and the remainder were opinion/commentaries. Specific personal (including demographic), professional and organisational factors, particularly the UK postgraduate training structure, are associated with undertaking an F3. The majority of F3 training breaks last 1 year and involve working (clinically or non‐clinically) and/or travel. The decision to undertake an F3 is made either prior to or during foundation training. Evidence regarding the impact of F3 on health care service provision was limited but evenly balanced.ConclusionsIn summarising the existing F3 evidence, this review has highlighted important issues including health care workforce equality and diversity, training pathway inflexibility and the effect of negative early‐career experiences on subsequent career decisions. More research is needed to understand the financial impact of training breaks on health care service provision, how training programmes must adapt to retain more trainees and the long‐term effects of training breaks, such as F3, on subsequent career progression.
Optimization of electric bus scheduling considering stochastic volatilities in trip travel time and energy consumption
Authors: Bie Yiming , Ji Jinhua , Wang Xiangyu , Qu Xiaobo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a vehicle scheduling method for the electric bus (EB) route considering stochastic volatilities in trip travel time and energy consumption. First, a model for estimating the trip energy consumption is proposed based on field‐collected data, and the probability distribution function of trip energy consumption considering the stochastic volatility is determined. Second, we propose the charging strategy to recharge buses during their idle times. The impacts of stochastic volatilities on the departure time, the idle time, the battery state of charge, and the energy consumption of each trip are analyzed. Third, an optimization model is built with the objectives of minimizing the expectation of delays in trip departure times, the summation of energy consumption expectations, and bus procurement costs. Finally, a real bus route is taken as an example to validate the proposed method. Results show that reasonable idle times can be generated by optimizing the scheduling plan, and it is helpful to stop the accumulation of stochastic volatilities. Collaboratively optimizing vehicle scheduling and charging plans can reduce the EB fleet and delay times while meeting the route operation needs.
The Relationship Between Utterance and Perceived Fluency: A Meta‐Analysis of Correlational Studies
Authors: SUZUKI SHUNGO , KORMOS JUDIT , UCHIHARA TAKUMI 
Published: May 2021

AbstractListener‐based judgements of fluency play an important role in second language (L2) communication contexts and in L2 assessment. Accordingly, our meta‐analysis examined the relationship between different aspects of utterance fluency and listener‐based judgements of perceived fluency by analyzing primary studies reporting correlation coefficients between objective measures of temporal features and subjective ratings of fluency. We analyzed 263 effect sizes from 22 studies (N = 335–746) to calculate the mean effect sizes of the links between utterance and perceived fluency. We also investigated the moderator effects of 11 methodological factors—such as speech stimuli, listeners’ background, rating procedure, and computation of utterance fluency measures—on the relationship between utterance and perceived fluency. Perceived fluency was strongly associated with speed and pause frequency, r = |.59–.62|; moderately with pause duration, r = |.46|; and weakly with repair fluency, r = |.20|; while composite measures showed the strongest effect sizes, r = |.72–.76|. Moderator analyses revealed that the utterance–perceived fluency link is influenced by methodological variables related to how speech samples are prepared for listeners’ judgements and how listeners’ attention is directed in evaluations of fluency. These findings suggest future directions for L2 fluency research and implications for language assessment.