bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild processing of seafood—A review
Authors: Abel Nanna , Rotabakk Bjørn Tore , Lerfall Jørgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent years have shown a tremendous increase in consumer demands for healthy, natural, high‐quality convenience foods, especially within the fish and seafood sector. Traditional processing technologies such as drying or extensive heating can cause deterioration of nutrients and sensory quality uncompilable with these demands. This has led to development of many novel processing technologies, which include several mild technologies. The present review highlights the potential of mild thermal, and nonthermal physical, and chemical technologies, either used alone or in combination, to obtain safe seafood products with good shelf life and preference among consumers. Moreover, applications and limitations are discussed to provide a clear view of the potential for future development and applications. Some of the reviewed technologies, or combinations thereof, have shown great potential for non‐seafood products, yet data are missing for fish and seafood in general. The present paper visualizes these knowledge gaps and the potential for new technology developments in the seafood sector. Among identified gaps, the combination of mild heating (e.g., sous vide or microwave) with more novel technologies such as pulsed electric field, pulsed light, soluble gas stabilization, cold plasma, or Ohmic heat must be highlighted. However, before industrial applications are available, more research is needed.
An investigation of CEO characteristics on firm performance
Authors: Shen Yun , Wallace Damien , Reddy Krishna , Ramiah Vikash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the effects of different CEO demographic factors on firm performance in Australia. We investigate the impact of CEO characteristics on firm performance for the period January 2003 to December 2018 via panel regression models and the event study methodology. The results highlight that the CEO characteristics of gender, CEO–chairperson duality, CEO education level and CEO location have significant managerial effects on firm performance following debt‐ and equity‐related announcements. The CEO characteristics findings add support for the Upper Echelon Theory and provide important implications for board members and human resource departments investigating the efficiency and fairness of CEOs.
Trait activation in commitment to difficult goals: The role of achievement striving and situational cues
Authors: Aksoy Eda , Bayazit Mahmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current study utilized trait activation theory (TAT) (Tett & Burnett, 2003; Tett et al., 2013) to explain how the salience of goal‐relevant performance‐oriented social (i.e., manager's transformational leadership and peer performance norms) and organizational cues (i.e., reward expectancy) release or constrain employees' achievement striving (AS) personality trait and regulate the commitment to assigned difficult work goals. We also examined the effects of discretionary cues (signified by psychological empowerment) as trait activators. Hypotheses were tested using survey data collected from 297 managers employed in six large firms operating under a large Turkish family business group and using a common management‐by‐objectives system. In line with our predictions, when goals were perceived to be difficult, the associations between situational cues and goal commitment were inverse for employees with high versus low AS. When goal difficulty was high, performance‐oriented situational cues were generally positively related to goal commitment for employees with high AS, but the relationships were negative for those with low AS. The results also showed that, for commitment to difficult goals, psychological empowerment activated the expression of high and low AS in a similar manner. Overall, the findings challenge the prevailing universalistic approaches to goal motivation.
Improving appropriate use of anticoagulants in hospitalised patients: A pharmacist‐led Check of Medication Appropriateness intervention
Authors: Quintens Charlotte , Verhamme Peter , Vanassche Thomas , Vandenbriele Christophe , Van den Bosch Bart , Peetermans Willy E. , Van der Linden Lorenz , Spriet Isabel 
Published: December 2021

AimsInappropriate anticoagulant use increases the risk of bleeding and thrombotic events. We implemented clinical decision rules to promote judicious medication use, as part of the ‘Check of Medication Appropriateness’ (CMA). The CMA is a pharmacist‐led review service, targeting potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs). In this analysis, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the CMA on anticoagulant prescribing.MethodsThe number of anticoagulant‐related PIPs was evaluated before and after implementation of the intervention in a quasi‐experimental interrupted time series analysis. The pre‐implementation cohort received usual care. The anticoagulant‐focused CMA, comprising 13 clinical rules pertaining to anticoagulation therapies, was implemented in the post‐implementation cohort. Segmented regression analysis was used to assess the impact of the intervention on the number of residual PIPs. A residual PIP was defined as a PIP which persisted up to 48 hours after the CMA intervention. Total number of recommendations and acceptance rate were documented for the 2‐year post‐implementation period.ResultsPre‐implementation, we observed 501 PIPs in 466 inpatients on 36 days, with a median proportion of 78.5% (range: 46.2%–100%) residual PIPs per day. Post‐implementation, 538 PIPs were detected in 485 patients over the same number of days. The CMA intervention reduced the median proportion to 18.2% (range: 0–100%) per day. The effect coincided with an immediate relative reduction of 70% (95%CI 0.19–0.46) in anticoagulant‐related residual PIPs. Post‐implementation, 2778 recommendations were provided and 75.1% were accepted.ConclusionOur CMA approach significantly reduced anticoagulant‐related PIPs. Implementing a pharmacist‐led intervention, based on clinical rules, may support safer prescribing of anticoagulants.
Diversity of invited speakers at endocrinology conferences
Authors: Gamage Isuru , Bolland Mark J. , Sadler Lynn , Dalbeth Nicola , Grey Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess diversity of gender and geographical location of institutional affiliation among invited speakers at major international endocrinology conferences.Design and MethodsDescriptive study of characteristics of invited speakers at eight general and discipline‐specific endocrinology conferences held annually in Europe and North America 2013–2019. Main outcomes were gender, geographical location of institutional affiliation and frequency of repeat presentations among invited speakers.ResultsOf 2375 invited speakers who gave 3522 presentations, 843 (35.5%) were women. Five hundred and ninety‐four (25.0%) speakers gave >1 presentation at any conference. The proportion of women speakers declined as the number of presentations per speaker increased. Of speakers giving two and seven presentations, respectively, 36.0% and 20.0% were women. 52.9% of speakers were from institutions in North America, and 25.6% from institutions in Western Europe. Fewer than 5% of speakers were from institutions in each of Eastern Europe, Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania. The proportions of speakers who were women and from each geographical area were unchanged over 7 years. Up to one in three speakers gave >1 presentation at an individual conference (range 9.9%–32.2%).ConclusionsWomen and speakers from institutions outside of North America and Western Europe are underrepresented among invited speakers at major international endocrinology conferences. Longitudinal data indicate no change in either speaker characteristic over the time period examined. These underrepresentations are more marked among speakers who give repeat presentations.
Population decline at distribution margins: Assessing extinction risk in the last glacial relictual but still functional metapopulation of a European butterfly
Authors: Sherpa Stéphanie , Kebaïli Caroline , Rioux Delphine , Guéguen Maya , Renaud Julien , Després Laurence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the interplay between climate and land use changes in driving population dynamics in a butterfly species, Coenonympha hero, at the southern limit of its distribution.LocationFrench Jura massif and Europe.MethodsWe analysed patterns of genetic diversity distribution at 817 loci in 136 butterflies from 31 sites using NGS to infer the genetic structure and population size changes over time, using two methods of demographic inference (SNP frequency spectrum analyses and coalescent ABC inferences). We then characterized the climate and land use descriptors of C. hero geographic distribution using species distribution modelling (SDM) and ordination method and compared demographic changes to changes in climatically suitable areas.ResultsCoenonympha hero persists in the Jura massif as three core populations that share a common history of decline in two steps: an old decline and a more recent decline that resulted in population fragmentation, the southernmost sites being the most threatened (lowest genetic diversity). Climate change during the Würm glaciation is presumably the main factor explaining the first demographic decline. The second decline started 2000 years ago possibly under increased human pressure as suggested by recent extinctions in several sites nowadays characterized by urban and agricultural surfaces. Both climate and land use variables are important descriptors of C. hero distribution, as SDM predictions were improved by adding aridity index, altitude and land use to bioclimatic predictors. Its habitats include forests in north‐eastern Europe and grasslands in the Jura massif.Main conclusionsUsing SDM and genetic demographic inferences, we identified a persistent glacial refuge for the species in Europe. We show that although this relictual population has declined and fragmented under the combined effects of climate warming and anthropization, the metapopulation is still functional but requires particular conservation attention to maintain its connectivity, and to favour the local persistence of this highly endangered butterfly species.
Seven jobs in a lifetime? An analysis of employee tenure
Authors: Baum Charles L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis analysis examines the number of jobs and the lengths of employer‐specific tenures for four cohorts of relatively young workers: male and female high school and college graduates. It compares those measures with the experiences of an older cohort of workers who were born approximately 20 years earlier. Young workers today have many jobs—at least seven—over the first decade or two of their careers. The majority last no more than a year. Hazard models for the annual probability of separating from an employer show that short tenures are associated with a high probability of leaving.
Correlates and predictors of perceived stigma and self‐stigma in Chinese patients with psychosis
Authors: Tao Tiffany Junchen , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Ho Elise Chun Ning , Hui Priscilla Wing Man , Suen Yi Nam , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Chang Wing Chung , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsIn patients with psychosis, perceived stigma (i.e., beliefs about discriminative viewpoints held by the public) and self‐stigma (i.e., internalization of such perceived stereotypes) could have devastating consequences. Knowledge about their correlates bears importance for understanding individual differences in stigma experiences, and further, given the social nature of stigma, Asians may show more distinctive features than Westerners.MethodsA total of 142 Chinese patients who originally enrolled into a randomized controlled trial during their first‐episode psychosis were followed up at 10 years. We explored potential demographics, clinical and psychosocial correlates of perceived stigma and self‐stigma.ResultsStepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that both perceived‐ and self‐stigma were predicted by a more negative attitude to treatment, whereas differential factors including perceived recovery predicted perceived stigma, and quality of life and attention predicted self‐stigma.ConclusionsThese results can help identify individuals susceptible to experiencing perceived‐ or self‐stigma, highlighting the need to consider factors such as attitude towards treatment when designing anti‐stigma strategies.
Correcting for physiological ripples improves epileptic focus identification and outcome prediction
Authors: Zweiphenning Willemiek J. E. M. , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Dubeau François , Martineau Laurence , Minotti Lorella , Hall Jeffery A. , Chabardes Stephan , Dudley Roy , Kahane Philippe , Gotman Jean , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe integration of high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs; ripples [80–250 Hz], fast ripples [250–500 Hz]) in epilepsy evaluation is hampered by physiological HFOs, which cannot be reliably differentiated from pathological HFOs. We evaluated whether defining abnormal HFO rates by statistical comparison to region‐specific physiological HFO rates observed in the healthy brain improves identification of the epileptic focus and surgical outcome prediction.MethodsWe detected HFOs in 151 consecutive patients who underwent stereo‐electroencephalography and subsequent resective epilepsy surgery at two tertiary epilepsy centers. We compared how HFOs identified the resection cavity and predicted seizure‐free outcome using two thresholds from the literature (HFO rate > 1/min; 50% of the total number of a patient's HFOs) and three thresholds based on normative rates from the Montreal Neurological Institute Open iEEG Atlas (https://mni‐open‐ieegatlas.research.mcgill.ca/): global Atlas threshold, regional Atlas threshold, and regional + 10% threshold after regional Atlas correction.ResultsUsing ripples, the regional + 10% threshold performed best for focus identification (77.3% accuracy, 27% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, 80.6% positive predictive value [PPV], 78.2% negative predictive value [NPV]) and outcome prediction (69.5% accuracy, 58.6% sensitivity, 76.3% specificity, 60.7% PPV, 74.7% NPV). This was an improvement for focus identification (+1.1% accuracy, +17.0% PPV; p < .001) and outcome prediction (+12.0% sensitivity, +1.0% PPV; p = .05) compared to the 50% threshold. The improvement was particularly marked for foci in cortex, where physiological ripples are frequent (outcome: +35.3% sensitivity, +5.3% PPV; p = .014). In these cases, the regional + 10% threshold outperformed fast ripple rate > 1/min (+3.6% accuracy, +26.5% sensitivity, +21.6% PPV; p < .001) and seizure onset zone (+13.5% accuracy, +29.4% sensitivity, +17.0% PPV; p < .05–.01) for outcome prediction. Normalization did not improve the performance of fast ripples.SignificanceDefining abnormal HFO rates by statistical comparison to rates in healthy tissue overcomes an important weakness in the clinical use of ripples. It improves focus identification and outcome prediction compared to standard HFO measures, increasing their clinical applicability.
Deep water cuspate stromatolites of the Cryogenian Trezona Formation
Authors: O'Connell Brennan , Wallace Malcolm W. , Hood Ashleigh v.S. , Rebbechi Luke , Brooks Hannah L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStromatolites and microbialites contain a rich repository of environmental and biological information. Despite extensive research, questions remain regarding the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control stromatolite macro, meso, and microstructure. We report unusual deep water cuspate stromatolites from the Cryogenian Trezona Formation, South Australia, from a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate open marine ramp setting. Cuspate stromatolite horizons develop near the base of decameter‐scale transgression–regression cycles and typically overlie decimeter‐scale irregular erosion surfaces. The cuspate structure within the stromatolites form near vertical, stacked cusp structures in cross section. In plan view, the cusps form cm‐scale sharp parallel ridges oriented perpendicular to the regional downslope direction and perpendicular to the elongation direction of stromatolites. Stromatolites colonized topographic highs of irregular erosion surfaces (often hardgrounds) and grew in carbonate supersaturated, iron‐rich marine waters in low turbidity sediment‐starved settings. Cuspate stromatolites are interpreted as forming in deep water environments during maximum transgression as condensed intervals. Their microbial metabolism may require low light and low oxygen. A deep water origin for the Trezona Formation cuspate stromatolites and other Precambrian cuspate stromatolites suggests a link between the cuspate morphology and physical/chemical (carbonate supersaturated, low light, and low oxygen) conditions of Precambrian deep water marine settings.
Oral function and nutritional status in non‐acute hospitalised elders
Authors: Ohta Midori , Imamura Yoshiki , Chebib Najla , Schulte‐Eickhoff Regina Maria , Allain Sandrine , Genton Laurence , Mojon Philippe , Graf Christophe , Ueda Takayuki , Müller Frauke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionMalnutrition and risk of malnutrition continues to be a common finding in elders, yet its association with oral function in hospitalised patients remains unclear.Material and methodsPatients aged 70 years or over who had been hospitalised for non‐acute rehabilitation were recruited. Nutritional risk was screened using the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) scores. Malnutrition was assessed according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. All participants underwent the oral hypofunction test battery, evaluating oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue‐lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory and swallowing function. Statistical analyses comprised Mann‐Whitney or Kruskal‐Wallis tests. Bivariate associations between categorical variables were tested using the Pearson chi‐square test; for continuous variables, the Spearman correlation was calculated. A P‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSixty patients aged a mean 82.5 ± 7.0 years participated. Some 88.3% were diagnosed with oral hypofunction, and this was more common in older patients (P = .020). Analysing the 7 oral hypofunction tests as an interval variable (NiOF) revealed additional correlations with number of teeth (ρ = 0.477) as well as the nutritional risk, evaluated by the MNA‐SF (ρ = −0.284) and NRS (ρ = 0.317) scores. NiOF scores were higher among denture wearers (P = .003). GLIM did not confirm the correlation with NiOF. Biomarkers such as serum albumin and CRP were not associated with the NiOF score.ConclusionIn this sample, the association between oral function and nutritional state is more obvious in nutritional risk scores than in the malnutrition diagnosis by GLIM.
Hyperprogressive disease in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy
Authors: Maesaka Kazuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yamada Ryoko , Tahata Yuki , Imai Yasuharu , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Miyazaki Masanori , Mita Eiji , Ito Toshifumi , Hagiwara Hideki , Yakushijin Takayuki , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab was approved for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in 2020, but treatment outcomes of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in real‐world settings remain unclear. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD), an acceleration of tumor growth occurring in some types of malignancies treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, was assessed in HCC patients receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.MethodsTumor growth kinetics (TGK) and tumor growth rate (TGR) were calculated at pre‐ and post‐treatment in 88 Japanese patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Hyperprogressive disease was defined as progressive disease (PD) with ≥ two‐fold increase in TGK and TGR. The association of baseline characteristics with HPD was analyzed.ResultsThe best objective responses were partial response, stable disease, and PD in 12 (13.6%), 51 (58.0%), and 25 (28.4%) patients, respectively. The median progression‐free survival was 5.0 months. Eleven (12.5%) and 9 (10.2%) patients had a TGK ratio and a TGR ratio of ≥2, respectively. Hyperprogressive disease was observed in nine patients (10.2%) and they showed significantly shorter overall survival than patients without HPD (median, 4.3 months vs. not reached; p < 0.001). Patients with HPD had larger and more intrahepatic tumors, higher levels of α‐fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase, and higher neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at baseline than patients without HPD. NLR of ≥3 at baseline was identified as the only independent factor associated with HPD in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsHyperprogressive disease was observed in 10.2% of HCC patients receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and an elevated NLR at baseline had an increased risk of HPD.
The impact on the quality of life caused by the early loss of primary molars
Authors: Feu Daniela , Lessa Fernanda Campos Rosetti , Barcellos Ludmilla Awad , Goulart Mariél de Aquino , Grillo Claudia Bermudes , Freitas Licia Aguilar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvidence regarding the impact of early loss of primary molars (ELPM) on Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is lacking. The aim of the present study was evaluating the impact of ELPM on OHRQoL of Brazilian schoolchildren aged 6–10 years.MethodsThis observational prospective cohort study was conducted with 163 schoolchildren, assigned in the primary tooth loss group (PTLG), in which all tooth loss was caused by carious lesions, and in a control group without tooth loss (CG). Two calibrated examiners conducted the clinical oral assessments to determine caries experience and tooth loss. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perception Questionnaire 8–10 years (CPQ8‐10) instrument administered at baseline and at 10–12 months of follow‐up.ResultsChildren in PTLG exhibited significantly more negative impact on OHRQoL at baseline (p < 0.01) than CG, and also after the follow‐up period (p < 0.01). It was also possible to observe a significant reduction in the negative impact on OHRQoL in both CG and PTLG in the longitudinal analysis (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was an even more substantial reduction in the negative impact on OHRQoL in children in PTLG.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that early tooth loss is associated with negative impact on OHRQoL. Moreover, it indicates that access to dental treatment can have a positive impact on the OHRQoL of children with dental caries and ELPM.
Characterisation of O/W emulsions encapsulating ergocalciferol using onion skin waste saponins: insights on formulation and release properties
Authors: Dahlawi Saad M. , Akhtar Aqsa , Nazir Wahab , Ahmed Zaheer , Khalid Nauman 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe study was conducted to produce ergocalciferol (Vit‐D2) loaded oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions utilising the onion skin waste saponins (OSW) as a natural emulsifier and almond oil as carrier oil. The impact of different formulations upon the digestibility of lipids, LCT (long‐chain triglycerides) or MCT (medium‐chain triglycerides), and bioaccessibility of Vit‐D2 was analysed. The mean particle size diameter of almond oil‐based O/W emulsions was decreased with increasing homogenisation pressure and emulsifier concentration. During 120 mins of digestion in small intestinal fluids (SIF), almond oil in high‐lipid emulsions (5% w/w) was not fully digested, resulting in a lower bioaccessibility of ergocalciferol than low‐lipid samples. Almond oil emulsions with larger particle size have a slower rate of lipid digestion than the smaller size particles, but the release rate of free fatty acids was constant throughout the digestion process. Moreover, almond oil emulsions showed similar Vit‐D2 bioaccessibility to the oil‐based emulsions but were much higher than MCTs.