bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic, periodontal and prosthodontic treatment for a periodontally compromised patient with a deep overbite
Authors: Ouyang Wanlu , Qian Yufen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Periodontitis may result in displacement, overeruption and the tilting of teeth, which can lead to occlusal prematurities and accelerate the loss of periodontal structures. Orthodontic treatment is needed to correct displaced tooth positions, but inappropriate force and tooth movement can lead to further loss of supporting tissues.

Aim
To describe the treatment of a deep overbite in a 32-year-old male with a history of periodontitis, gingival recession and missing premolars.

Methods
After evaluation, fixed appliances applying light forces were chosen as the appropriate treatment approach. A segmental arch and a utility arch technique were applied. Periodontal therapy was conducted before and throughout orthodontic care.

Results
After 28 months of treatment, a normal overbite and overjet were restored. A displaced premolar was repositioned. Space needed for the prosthetic replacement of the missing teeth was obtained and dental implants were planned after orthodontic treatment. The height of the alveolar bone increased in some areas. After 18 months of retention, the attachment level of the upper left incisor increased approximately 1 mm.

Conclusion
For patients with a compromised periodontium, adequate management of the tissues is the basis of orthodontic care. Appropriate orthodontic treatment may be beneficial to periodontal health in the long term.
Valid consent and orthodontic treatment
Authors: Meade Maurice J. , Weston Annalene , Dreyer Craig W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Valid patient consent is a legal and ethical principle that is fundamental to healthcare provision. Oral health practitioners (OHPs) must understand the principles that need to be addressed to ensure that the consent given by a patient is valid. Failure to obtain consent may result in a negligence claim or a complaint of professional misconduct against the OHP. Orthodontic treatment is mostly elective but is not without risk to the patient. Obtaining and maintaining valid consent for orthodontic treatment presents additional challenges in comparison with other dental procedures as the treatment lasts over a longer time and is most commonly performed in adolescents. In addition, prospective patients need to be informed regarding ‘lifelong’ management in the retention phase to minimise the risk of relapse. The present paper outlines the principles of valid consent with particular regard to orthodontic treatment in the adolescent patient. OHPs must ensure that they are satisfied that the competent patient has the capacity to voluntarily consent. Clinicians must also recognise that valid consent is not a one-off ‘tick the box’ procedural exercise but an ongoing process of effective information sharing in light of changing laws and an ever-changing scientific evidence base within a patient-centred model of healthcare.
An Angle Class I malocclusion with a paradental cyst
Authors: Miyamoto Yutaka , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Amemiya Tsuyoshi , Hamada Yoshiki , Nakamura Yoshiki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
According to the WHO, a paradental cyst is classified as an odontogenic inflammatory lesion, showing a relative frequency of 0.9–4.7% in the world population. There are no identifiable reports of orthodontic treatment of patients who also present with a paradental cyst. The presenting patient was a Japanese female, aged 16 years and 10 months. The chief complaint was crowding and protrusion of the incisors. The magnitude of the overjet was +4.0 mm, overbite was +3.8 mm, and the intermolar relationship was Angle Class I. Pretreatment computed tomography identified a radiolucency extending from the root furcation to the apex of the mandibular left first molar, which was diagnosed as a paradental cyst. Orthodontic treatment was performed using lingual multi-bracket appliances and miniscrews following the extraction of the affected mandibular first molar, mandibular right first premolar and both maxillary first premolars. The paradental cyst was enucleated, and occlusal cusp-fossa relationships were maintained with complete space closure. This case is the first report of orthodontic treatment in association with the management of a paradental cys.
Effect of combined oral contraceptives on orthodontic tooth movement in a female rat model
Authors: Yu Jinghong , Zhou Yifei , Zhang Tao , Lv Jialing , Firth Fiona , Zhao Xian , Xu Xiaomei , Mei Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and periodontal remodelling in a female rat model.

Methods
A total of 80 three-month-old female, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The maxillary first molars were moved mesially using nickel-titanium coil springs (50 g force). The experimental group (N = 40) ingested 1.5 ml COC (Marvelon, 0.12 mg/d, N.V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands) daily. The control group (N = 40) ingested 1.5 ml saline (0.9% sodium chloride) daily. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of force application, 10 rats in each group were euthanased and a vernier calliper was used to measure the orthodontic movement of the first molar. Root resorption at pressure areas was assessed by H and E staining. Micro-CT was used to detect alveolar bone mineral density.

Results and conclusion
The amount of OTM in the experimental group (0.46 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly less than in the control group (0.85 ± 0.25 mm; p = 0.003) during the 28 days of observation. There were significantly smaller (p = 0.002) root resorption lacunae in the experimental group (111710 ± 4037 pixels) compared with the control group (204962 ± 21318 pixels) after 28 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the bone mineral density between the experimental and control groups throughout the study period (p > 0.05 at each time point). The short-term administration of COC may retard tooth movement and reduce the level of root resorption during OTM in female rats.
Interceptive orthodontic practices in general dentistry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Currell Scott Derek , Vaughan Matthew , Dreyer Craig W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the current practice of interceptive orthodontics undertaken by general dental practitioners and identify influencing factors.

Materials and methods
Printed questionnaires were provided to 200 registered Australian general dental practitioners. Participants were questioned about their current confidence, attitudes, and practice, related to interceptive orthodontics in general dentistry.

Results
The decision to practise interceptive orthodontics (17.4% of respondents) was strongly dependent on the confidence of the dentist (x2 = 48.693; df = 4; p < 0.001). It was also found that the provision of interceptive orthodontics was prevented by its perceived importance (x2 = 23.559; df = 5; p < 0.001) and benefit in a general dental setting (x2 = 9.411; df = 4; p = 0.035). The provision of more education was not shown to likely increase the number of dentists performing interceptive orthodontics. Low clinician confidence in the provision of interceptive orthodontics was also shown to result in orthodontic consultation prior to performing treatment (x2 = 31.782; df = 16; p = 0.004) or referral to an orthodontist (x2 = 42.465; df = 12; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Interceptive orthodontics was not practised by most dentists. This decision was shown to be influenced by the clinicians’ confidence, further education or training, perceived importance of interceptive orthodontics and the impact that early intervention might have on future orthodontic treatment. Consideration should also be given to clarifying the orthodontic scope of practice for general dentists, in order to reduce the confusion influencing the provision of orthodontic care.
Evaluation of skeletally anchored therapy using miniplates and micro-implants in skeletal Class III treatment
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Albayrak Gayem Eroğlu , Ağlarcı Cahide , Coşkun Esra Yüksel , Fındık Yavuz , Orhan Hikmet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background/aim
To compare the outcomes of skeletally-anchored (SA) or face mask (FM) therapy in the management of patients presenting with maxillary retrognathia.

Methods
Forty-four consecutively treated maxillary retrognathic patients who underwent SA or FM therapies followed by fixed orthodontics were evaluated. Two micro-implants between the maxillary first molar and the second premolar and two mandibular miniplates were inserted to facilitate the use of Class III elastics in the SA group (23 patients). Facemasks with full occlusal-coverage acrylic appliances were applied in the FM group (21 patients). Lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained before treatment (T0), after orthopaedic treatment (T1), and after fixed orthodontic treatment (T2) were traced and 31 measurements compared.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found between the groups related to treatment duration and gender distribution. The mean age was significantly higher in the SA group (11.70±0.25 years) compared with the FM group (10.57±0.35 years) at T0. The mean ANB angle increased by 3.34° and 3.15° and the mean Wits value reduced by 6.16 mm and 4.13 mm in the FM and SA groups, respectively. Forward movement of the maxilla was similar between the groups. The vertical plane angle increased in both groups following maxillary protraction. However, it decreased in the SA group during fixed orthodontic therapy, which was contrary to what occurred in the FM group. The lower incisors were retracted/retroclined in the FM group and protracted/proclined in the SA group.

Conclusions/implications
Maxillary protraction was achieved in both groups and was maintained during fixed orthodontic therapy. Undesired lower incisor retraction and an increase of the vertical plane angle encountered with FM therapy were minimised by SA therapy.
The association between chronological age, skeletal maturity and dental maturity
Authors: Cutajar Brenda Lee , McDonald Fraser , Roberts Graham , Lucas Victoria , Camilleri Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between skeletal and dental maturity.

Materials and methods
The Dental Panoramic Tomogram and Lateral Skull Radiographs of 381 subjects aged between 8.20 years and 17.96 years were examined. Calcification stages of all the teeth on the left hand side and all third molars were determined according to Demirjians 8-stages, whilst the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) Index was adopted for the assessment of skeletal maturity. Dental age (DA) was determined using the simple weighted average method.

Results
There was no significant difference between DA and chronological age (CA) of the male and female groups. The Spearman rank correlation between CA and CVM was moderate, whilst the correlation between DA and CVM was weak. A moderate correlation was found between the dental calcification stages and CVM for the upper right third molar in males.

Conclusions
The average CA of females at every CVM stage was below that of males, confirming that females undergo earlier skeletal maturation. The similarity between CA and DA confirms that CA can be closely approximated by DA. The low correlations between CA and DA with CVM suggest that these variables should not be used in determining the growth status or potential of the individual.
Clinical evidence in the treatment of white spot lesions following fixed orthodontic therapy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yeoh Eng Seng , Le Tam , Maravilla Joemer , O’Rourke Vincent , He Yan , Ye Qingsong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aims to determine the most effective method of treatment to remineralise post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs).

Method
Six databases were accessed and searched for articles. Screening and selection were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed and extracted identified studies and relevance disagreement was resolved through consensus. Experimental studies were included that involved (i) patients of any age who had WSLs after the removal of fixed appliances, (ii) any treatment to remineralise the WSLs compared with no treatment or a placebo, and (iii) measurement of the changes in enamel mineralisation status after treatment. Eligible articles were assessed for internal bias and underwent narrative synthesis. A meta-analysis using random-effects modelling was performed to calculate a pooled estimate and assess between-study variability using Cochran’s Q and I2.

Results
The nine articles included in this review were found to have a medium or high risk of bias. The qualitative assessment provided contrasting results between studies. The meta-analysis showed both CPP-ACP – pooled d of -0.28 (N = 5 studies; 95% CI = -0.48- -0.07) – and fluoride – pooled d of -0.25 (N = 4 studies; 95% CI = -0.48- -0.02) – to generate improvement in the enamel mineralisation status, with CPP-ACP producing more consistent results compared with fluoride.

Conclusions
The meta-analysis found that CPP-ACP and fluoride were effective in reducing post-orthodontic WSLs. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies with regard to the fluoride concentrations and mode of delivery, the current meta-analysis could not accurately establish which remineralising agent, CPP-APP or fluoride, is more effective. Further high quality studies of long-term duration are required to determine best clinical practice.
Orthodontic treatment in conjunction with distraction osteogenesis and orthognathic surgery for severe facial asymmetry
Authors: Tome Wakako , Aikawa Tomonao , Kitai Noriyuki , Yamashiro Takashi , Kogo Mikihiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present case report describes the combination of orthodontic treatment and two-stage surgery used to treat a 16-year-old female with a severe maxillary occlusal cant and a mandibular deviation. The patient was diagnosed with right temporomandibular joint ankylosis six months after suffering a facial injury at five years of age. A unilateral condylectomy was performed 12 months later. A hybrid functional appliance was used between nine and 16 years of age to prevent deterioration of the maxillary occlusal cant. At 16 years and six months, it was determined that the patient required a combination of surgical and orthodontic treatment, the pre-surgical orthodontic phase of which was completed at 19 years. The surgery was performed in two stages, which involved a Le-Fort 1 procedure to intrude the maxilla in the left molar region and to extrude in the right molar region. Distraction osteogenesis was performed to achieve a lengthening of the right mandibular ramus. The second operation was a unilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy to achieve a forward and upward rotation of the left hemimandible. As a result, the patient’s facial asymmetry and occlusion significantly improved. The improvements were well maintained and the patient remained stable after one year of retention.
Comparison of the static frictional resistance and surface topography of ceramic orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study
Authors: AlSubaie Mai , Talic Nabeel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the frictional resistance (FR) and surface topography of newly available polycrystalline alumina (PCA) ceramic brackets characterised by a yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) coating of the slots, compared with monocrystalline alumina (MCA) ceramic brackets and stainless steel (SS) brackets.

Methods
The FR was investigated using a universal testing machine. The test groups included PCA (Clarity Advanced, 3M Unitek, CA, USA) and MCA (Inspire Ice, Ormco, CA, USA). The control group included SS brackets. A sliding test was performed for each bracket type with three bracket-wire angulations (0°, 5°, 10°). A total of 225 sliding tests were performed in a dry environment, and 225 tests were performed in a wet environment of artificial saliva. A scanning electron microscope was used for qualitative assessments. The surface topography of the bracket slots was quantitatively assessed using an optical profilometer.

Results
In the dry environment, the overall FR values were significantly lower for PCA and SS brackets compared with MCA brackets (p < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between PCA and SS brackets. In the wet environment, there were no significant differences between the bracket groups and their overall FR values. There was a significant correlation between the overall FR and the bracket-wire angulation values (p < 0.001). The bracket slot surface topography revealed that the PCA bracket slots had the highest roughness values, followed by SS and MCA brackets (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the roughness values of the bracket slots and the FR in a passive configuration for all bracket types.

Conclusion
A yttria-stabilised zirconium coating of the PCA ceramic bracket slots might be a positive approach to apply for the reduction of FR.
The addition of carbon nanotubes to orthodontic adhesives: an in vitro study
Authors: Marchi Paulo Guilherme Bittencourt , de Brum Ricardi Felipe , Zanini Maurício Matté , Bittencourt Paulo Rodrigo Stival , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The evolution of adhesive dentistry and the addition of nanoparticles has heralded an improvement in the mechanical properties of adhesives. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects produced by carbon nanotubes (CN) added to two adhesives used for indirect bonding by an examination of the shear bond strength (SBS) and location of bond failure.

Methods
One hundred and sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into eight groups (N = 20): (1) indirect bonding with Sondhi adhesive; (2), (3) and (4) indirect bonding with Sondhi adhesive into which CN at 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.05% concentrations were incorporated; (5) indirect bonding with Concise adhesive; (6), (7) and (8) indirect bonding with Concise adhesive into which CN at 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.05% concentrations were incorporated. Following etching with 37% phosphoric acid and the placement of brackets, maximum shear bond strength (SBS) was measured with a mechanical testing machine. The location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). The SBS between groups and ARI scores were statistically analysed (p < 0.05).

Results
There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in SBS or ARI.

Conclusions
CN addition to Concise and Sondhi adhesives did not influence the SBS and the ARI of the brackets. Therefore, in the conditions of this experiment, there was no benefit in the addition of CN to orthodontic adhesives.
Tooth width measurement using the Lythos digital scanner
Authors: Bowes Michael , Dear William , Close Emily , Freer Terrence J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Digital models have become more widely accepted for orthodontic diagnostic purposes. Intraoral scanners have the advantage of eliminating the need for conventional impressions. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of the Lythos intraoral scanner and to determine if a significant advantage is delivered over stone model and caliper measurements in tooth width and Bolton ratio accuracy.

Methods
The study comprised 30 typodont models for which conventional alginate impressions and digital scans were obtained to generate stone and digital models, respectively. Mesiodistal tooth width measurements and Bolton ratios were obtained with either calipers and stone models or with Digicast (Ormco Lythos digital model software, Ormco, CA, USA) software using digital models. Pearson’s correlation coefficients tested intra-examiner reliability. Interclass correlation coefficients were used to assess agreement between examiners (reproducibility). The differences in the mean tooth width measurements and Bolton ratios from the typodont values and either the digital or conventional method were used to assess validity by applying two tailed t-tests.

Results
The measurements obtained from the Lythos and stone models had near perfect intra-examiner agreement (Pearson ≥ 0.98). The inter-examiner reproducibility for tooth widths, anterior Bolton and overall Bolton ratio was high and similar for both methods (Lythos scanner Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) above 0.89, stone models ICC above 0.92). Stone model measurements were statistically twice as accurate as those derived from the digital system (0.032 mm versus 0.074 mm). There were no significant differences in accuracy between the methods for Bolton calculations. Clinically, there was no difference between the methods for tooth width measurements and Bolton calculations.

Conclusions
The Lythos system is as reliable and reproducible as conventional calipers and stone models in tooth width measurements and Bolton calculations. The caliper method presents a statistically more valid tooth width measurement technique but the clinical significance of this is questionable.
Novel aesthetic treatment of bilateral gemination of maxillary central incisors
Authors: Sifakakis Iosif , Chryssafidis Christos , Vastardis Heleni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The fusion of adjacent tooth buds and the formation of a single tooth or the gemination of a single tooth are rare and occur less often bilaterally in the permanent dentition.
Following a brief literature review, this case report describes the multidisciplinary treatment of an adolescent patient who presented with the bilateral gemination of the permanent central incisors. It was planned to restore the teeth using porcelain laminated veneers after the completion of orthodontic treatment.
The wide crown of the geminated incisors was restored, to mimic the morphology of two teeth, comprising a wider central and a narrower lateral incisor.
In carefully selected cases, this conservative treatment option preserves the physiologic function of the teeth and the periodontal ligament.
Interproximal reduction in orthodontics: why, where, how much to remove?
Authors: Meredith Lydia , Mei Li , Cannon Richard D. , Farella Mauro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Interproximal reduction (IPR) is the deliberate removal of part of the dental enamel from the interproximal contact areas, which decreases the mesiodistal width of a tooth. This enamel may be removed for various reasons, but most commonly to create space during orthodontic treatment or to correct tooth-size discrepancies. Several authors have also encouraged its use as a method by which post-orthodontic stability might be enhanced, particularly in the lower anterior region. With the increased use of removable aligners for orthodontic treatment in which non-extraction therapy is often advocated, the use of IPR becomes a valuable tool to relieve crowding without over-expanding the dental arches.
It is possible that inaccurate IPR could result in the over-reduction of enamel, the creation of ledges and notches in the proximal surfaces, increased tooth sensitivity or damage to the surrounding soft tissues. However, carefully conducted IPR performed within the recommended guidelines may be used as a safe method to gain space for the relief of crowding, to correct tooth-size discrepancies and to improve aesthetics and long-term stability in selected orthodontic patients.