bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of an epidemiological oropharyngeal dysphagia screening for older adults
Authors: Magalhães Junior Hipólito Virgilio , Pernambuco Leandro de Araújo , Cavalcanti Renata Veiga Andersen , Silva Roberta Gonçalves da , Lima Kenio Costa , Ferreira Maria Angela Fernandes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an epidemiological screening questionnaire for oropharyngeal dysphagia in older people.BackgroundDetermining the cut‐off point and the accuracy of the self‐reported epidemiological questionnaire for screening oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults is important for mass screening, which may estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional diagnostic study with a convenience sample of 70 older adults over 60 years of age of both sexes, aged between 60 and 90 years (mean age 69.2; SD, 7.6). It used a screening questionnaire with nine ordered items response options resulted in a score ranging from 0 to 18. The criterion test was the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, with analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), with a 5% significance level.ResultsOropharyngeal dysphagia frequency by the criterion test was 73%, with no significant difference between age and sex. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79‐0.98) above the cut‐off point 3. This screening questionnaire showed good parameters of sensitivity (80%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (95%), negative predictive value (63%), positive likelihood ratio (7.64), negative likelihood ratio (0.22) and accuracy (83%).ConclusionsThis questionnaire may be a satisfactory screening tool for estimating the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults.
Learning your limits: Nurses' experiences of caring for young unaccompanied refugees in acute psychiatric care
Authors: Gabrielsson Sebastian , Karim Hannan , Looi Git‐Marie Ejneborn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYoung unaccompanied refugees come in contact with acute psychiatric care due to pre‐existing mental health conditions as well as stressful and traumatic experiences before, during, and after migration. Previous research on nurses’ experiences of caring for refugees has primarily reported on difficulties related to cultural differences and communication and how nurses might distrust refugees. This study aimed to describe registered nurses’ experiences of caring for young unaccompanied refugees in acute psychiatric care. Semi‐structured interviews with ten nurses were analysed using a method for qualitative content analysis. Data were collected in Sweden during 2019 and 2020. Results describe nurses’ experiences of caring for young unaccompanied refugees in acute psychiatric care in one theme: learning your limits and three sub‐themes: feeling powerless but doing what you can; taking a stance in a politicized environment; and being frustrated and in need of support. Findings highlight the potential and limitations of mental health nursing, the importance of reflection and peer support, and the importance of viewing the roles and responsibilities of mental health nurses and nursing in a societal context. These findings suggest that nurses can make a difference for young unaccompanied refugees in acute psychiatric care. However, in doing so, nurses need support in realizing what they can and cannot achieve. The study is reported in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.
Major limb amputation and mortality in patients with neuro‐ischaemic lower extremity wounds managed in a tertiary hospital: Focus on the differences among patients with diabetes, peripheral arterial disease and both
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Graves Nicholas , Du Ruo Chen , Lee Jia Yi , Chue Koy Min , Binte Taufiq Chong Ah Hoo Nur Nabila Farhana , Nazeha Nuraini , Ng Yi Zhen , Harding Keith , Ho Pei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA majority of lower extremities neuro‐ischaemic wounds (NIU) are related to: (a) only diabetes (DM); (b) only peripheral artery disease (PAD); (c) co‐existing diabetes and peripheral artery disease (DM‐PAD). This study aims to characterise the major clinical outcomes of forementioned three groups of lower extremity wound patients in Singapore. Patients hospitalised for lower extremity NIU between January 2014 and October 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Singapore were analysed. Patients' major limb amputation and mortality were assessed using Cox regression models. Cumulative survival and amputation‐free survival among the three classified groups were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Compared with patients with only DM, those in the PAD group and the DM‐PAD group had higher risk of major limb amputation (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.65‐3.70; adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.53‐2.65 respectively) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.57‐3.55; adjusted hazard ratio: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.86‐3.26 respectively). The 3‐year survival and amputation‐free survival were lowest in the DM‐PAD group (52.1% and 41.5% respectively), followed by the PAD group (53.3% and 44.6% respectively) and the DM group (74.2% and 68.5% respectively). Lower extremity NIU patients with PAD or DM‐PAD were found to have poorer clinical prognosis than those with DM only.
Why a UBI Will Never Be High Enough
Authors: Heath Joseph 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTSchemes to replace traditional welfare programmes with a universal basic income (UBI) are sometimes presented as a way to reduce overall economic inequality. But because they lower the implicit marginal taxation rate of individuals entering the workforce, they have the effect of increasing economic inequality between those who opt out of the workforce and those who choose to participate. This article examines the effect that an increase in this income gap can be expected to have on the perceived adequacy of the UBI payment level as an alternative to paid employment. The first question involves the extent to which individuals living on UBI payments will assess the adequacy of their condition by comparing themselves to those who are adjacent to them in the income distribution. If this looms large in their assessment, then the UBI, by increasing inequality within this segment of the income distribution, will tend to increase the perception of its own inadequacy. The second question involves the importance of the consumption of positional goods in determining the adequacy of the UBI. If these are significant then again this will increase the perception of inadequacy, because those in paid employment will enjoy a great deal more than those who opt out.
Signaling hostility: The relationship between witnessing weight‐based discrimination in medical school and medical student well‐being
Authors: Meadows Angela , Barreto Manuela , Dovidio John F. , Burke Sara E. , Wittlin Natalie M. , Herrin Jeph , van Ryn Michelle , Phelan Sean M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironments that are hostile to one or more marginalized groups are known to have a negative effect on the mental health and well‐being of both targets and observers. Anti‐fat attitudes have been well documented in medical education, including the use of derogatory humor and discriminatory treatment toward higher‐weight patients. However, to date, it is not known what effect observing weight stigma and discrimination during medical school has on medical students’ psychological health and wellbeing, sense of belonging, and medical school burnout. The present study surveyed a total of 3994 students enrolled across 49 US medical schools at the start of their first year and at the end of their fourth year. Participants reported the frequency with which they had observed stigmatizing and discriminatory behaviors targeted at both higher‐weight patients and higher‐weight students during their four years of medical school. Observed weight stigma was prevalent, and was associated with worse psychological and general health, reduced medical school belonging and increased medical school burnout. The indirect effects of observed weight stigma on medical school burnout, via belonging, psychological health, and general health, were statistically significant in the sample as a whole, but were more pronounced in higher‐weight students. This effect may be explained, in part, by the relationship between observed stigma and medical school belonging. Higher levels of observed stigma were associated with reduced feelings of belonging in higher‐weight but not normative‐weight students. Top‐down institutional culture change is needed to rectify this situation, which is detrimental to both students and patients.
Synthesis of clinical practice guideline recommendations for the primary health care of chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Ernstzen Dawn V. , Hillier Susan L. , Louw Quinette A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRationale and AimsThe prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is high and rising. The multidimensional impact of CMSP on individuals necessitates multidisciplinary evidence‐based strategies to prevent and manage chronic pain. Primary health care (PHC) is the first point of care in many healthcare systems and evidence implementation at this point is important. We aim to describe the process of development of a comprehensive list of evidence‐based recommendations derived from different high‐quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to inform the PHC healthcare of adults with CMSP.MethodA systematic review was conducted of CPGs that focussed on PHC management of CMSP in adults. CPGs were identified by searching 13 guideline clearinghouses and five online databases. Eligible CPGs were critically appraised using Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation, Version II (AGREE II). A stepwise systematic process was followed to identify a core set of recommendations. This process comprised the following: extract recommendations; analyze recommendations; synthesize recommendations by assimilating similar recommendations; determine the strength of the body of evidence underpinning the recommendations and produce a list of synthesized recommendations.ResultsSix high‐quality CPGs were identified, providing 156 recommendations. These were condensed to 42 statements covering topics about the approach to care, assessment, advice and education, referral, pharmacological management, physical therapy, electrotherapy, psychological therapy, complementary therapy and self‐management. The set of recommendations encompasses a person‐centered approach, collaborative decision making, a biopsychosocial approach, patient education and empowerment towards self‐management.ConclusionThe process of developing composite recommendations from multiple CPGs enables end‐users to access comprehensive information on managing CMSP in PHC settings that is not available from one singular CPG. The content and evidence base for recommendations varied between CPGs. A similar stepwise process may be used to develop a core set of recommendations for other health conditions, where multiple, diverse CPGs exist.
Liver damage promotes pro‐inflammatory T‐cell responses against apolipoprotein B‐100
Authors: Plochg Bastian F. J. , Englert Hanna , Rangaswamy Chandini , Konrath Sandra , Malle Mandy , Lampalzer Sibylle , Beisel Claudia , Wollin Salma , Frye Maike , Aberle Jens , Kluwe Johannes , Renné Thomas , Mailer Reiner K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesLiver‐derived apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB100) is an autoantigen that is recognized by atherogenic CD4+ T cells in cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a major mortality risk for patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. However, the impact of liver damage for ApoB100‐specific T‐cell responses is unknown.MethodsWe identified ApoB100‐specific T cells in blood from healthy controls, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and CVD patients by activation‐induced marker expression and analyzed their differentiation pattern in correlation to the lipid profile and liver damage parameters in a cross‐sectional study. To assess the induction of extrahepatic ApoB100‐specific T cells upon transient liver damage in vivo, we performed hydrodynamic tail vein injections with diphtheria toxin A (DTA)‐encoding plasmid in human ApoB100‐transgenic mice.ResultsUtilizing immunodominant ApoB100‐derived peptides, we found increased ApoB100‐specific T‐cell populations in NAFLD and CVD patients compared to healthy controls. In a peptide‐specific manner, ApoB100 reactivity in healthy controls was accompanied by expression of the regulatory T (Treg)‐cell transcription factor FOXP3. In contrast, FOXP3 expression decreased, whereas expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐17A increased in ApoB100‐specific T cells from NAFLD and CVD patients. Dyslipidemia and liver damage parameters in blood correlated with reduced FOXP3 expression and elevated IL‐17A production in ApoB100‐specific T‐cell populations, respectively. Moreover, DTA‐mediated transient liver damage in human ApoB100‐transgenic mice accumulated IL‐17a‐expressing ApoB100‐specific T cells in the periphery.ConclusionOur results show that liver damage promotes pro‐inflammatory ApoB100‐specific T‐cell populations, thereby providing a cellular mechanism for the increased CVD risk in liver disease patients.
High‐fat diet‐induced metabolic syndrome increases ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss in mice
Authors: Lu Zhongyang , Li Yanchun , Yu Hong , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Huang Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt has been well documented that metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases severity of periodontitis. In this study, we determined the effect of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced MetS on alveolar bone loss in a mouse model with ligature‐induced periodontitis. To understand how MetS increases bone loss, we tested our hypothesis that palmitic acid (PA), a most abundant saturated fatty acid in the HFD, interacts with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to promote osteoclastogenesis.MethodsWe induced MetS by feeding mice HFD for 18 weeks and induced periodontitis with ligature placement. After treatments, we assessed alveolar bone loss using micro‐computed tomography and determined osteoclastogenesis using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. To explore the mechanisms, we treated macrophages with PA, LPS or both and analyzed the osteoclast formation and cytokine expression in macrophages.ResultsWhile ligature robustly induced periodontitis in mice with or without MetS, the mice with MetS had more bone loss than those without MetS. PA and LPS cooperatively induced osteoclast formation and stimulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines involved in osteoclastogenesis potentially via a FAT/CD36‐dependent mechanism in macrophages.ConclusionsHFD‐induced MetS increases alveolar bone loss in mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis, and PA and LPS cooperatively stimulate osteoclast formation and proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages.
A new orogenic gold belt in Southeast Asia: Geology, mineralogy and genesis of the Vangtat gold deposit, Southeastern Laos
Authors: Bounliyong Patthana , Arribas Antonio , Watanabe Yasushi , Echigo Takuya , Wong Henry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Vangtat deposit is the major gold deposit in a new orogenic gold belt discovered and developed in southeastern Laos in the past two decades. Our study of the Vangtat orogenic gold deposit shows that it formed within a convergent margin along the western segment of the Poko suture zone, which marks the collision between the Indochina Terrane and the Kontum Massif. Shear structure and greenschist facies metamorphic rocks are the main hosts for gold mineralization in the Vangtat deposit. High‐grade gold‐bearing quartz‐sulfide veins and wall rock hydrothermal alteration are genetically related, and alteration minerals consist of quartz, carbonate, graphite, white mica, chlorite, and pyrite. The study of fluid inclusions and wall rock alteration assemblages indicate that the Vangtat gold deposit was formed by an aqueous‐carbonic, low salinity, reduced, weakly alkaline to near‐neutral pH fluid, mainly composed of H2O, NaCl, CO2, CH4, N2, H2S, H2, O2, Si, and K. Gold was predominantly carried as a sulfide complex. The precipitation of gold is related to wall rock sulfidation and the further reduction with the carbon‐bearing host rock. The correlation between trapping temperature obtained from arsenopyrite geothermometry (360–395°C) and homogenization temperature obtained from primary fluid inclusion microthermometry (240–250°C), indicates a pressure and depth range for the Vangtat deposit of 380–420 MPa and 11–13 km, respectively. Gold appears as inclusions mainly in pyrite, and auriferous pyrite is homogeneous in textural, chemical, and sulfur isotopic composition. Auriferous pyrite δ34S values range from +4 to +6‰, which is compatible with the δ34S composition of igneous rocks. Together with cobalt/nickel ratios from the Vangtat auriferous pyrite, which are significantly greater than one (avg. 6.3), we suggest that mafic‐ultramafic rocks in the geologic basement of the Vangtat deposit are the plausible source of hydrothermal gold and sulfur. The formation of this orogenic gold deposit is associated with metamorphic dehydration and devolatilization that transported gold to the site of deposition.
Complex iron and sulphate reducing Cretaceous sedimentary system revealed by extreme isotope values
Authors: Gyomlai Thomas , Fayek Mostafa , Ferrini Vincenzo , Mignardi Silvano , De Vito Caterina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe iron and sulphur isotope compositions of sedimentary pyrites have been extensively used as a proxy for microbial metabolisms and redox evolution of the oceans. We illustrate the benefit of in‐situ and coupled study of Fe and S isotopes on sedimentary pyrites from late mid‐Cretaceous sediments from the Central Apennines, Italy. We report extremely low δ56Fe values for sedimentary pyrites (as low as −4.7‰) and unusual high δ34S values (as high as +88.9‰). We propose a model that explains these extreme values but also the large range of pyrite δ34S and δ56Fe values as well as the considerable microscale variations in this values. These isotopic compositions were likely produced by microbial dissimilatory iron reduction in the shelf sediment, transportation of Fe2+ via an iron shuttle, production of heavy SO4 by pyrite precipitation in the water column, diffusion and advection of SO4 and H2S, and finally bacterial sulphate reduction.
Inter-Process Communication for Force Display of Dynamic Virtual World
Authors: Hasegawa Shoichi , Ishii Masahiro , Koike Yasuharu , Sato Makoto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel inter-process communication, between a virtual world manager with slow update rate and a haptic controller with fast update rate, which incorporates the integrated force given from the user to the world. High-speed refresh rate, generally 1kHz, is required to present, stiff virtual objects that, have spring-damper characteristic with haptic display. On the other hand, the managing of an interactive and rich virtual world that takes a lot of computational time makes the refresh rate as low as 10Hz, which is enough for perceptual cycle.
The dividing of the process into two has been proposed to interact with such a world and inter-process communication between the processes has been discussed. Although the methods proposed previously work well on condition that the virtual world is static, goes wrong on dynamic world.
The importance of the force integration on the object, motion acquisition is described and an inter-process communication that cares about the force integration is proposed to remove the influence of the sampling timing. An experimental result shows that the proposed method improve the accuracy of the operation.
Cancellation of Feedthrough Dynamics Using a Force-Reflecting Joystick
Authors: Gillespie R. Brent , Hasser Christopher , Tang Philip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on a set of theoretical and experimental investigations into the use of force reflection to enhance the dynamic behavior of human piloted vehicles, especially joystick-controlled vehicles such as fly-by-wire jets, bulldozers, and powered wheelchairs. Briefly, force reflection is used in the manual controls to cancel the effects of feedthrough dynamics. Feed-through dynamics refers to generation of inadvertent steering or speed command inputs due to the action of inertia forces between the pilot’s hand and manual controls. These inertia forces arise in the pilot’s body in response to vehicle accelerations. To eliminate feedthrough dynamics, a canceling force is produced on the force-reflecting joystick using a model of the pilot dynamics and the known vehicle accelerations. A custom motion platform and a commercial force-reflecting joystick are used in a set of experiments to test the idea. Parameter values for an assumed model are estimated by observing the response of the pilot’s body to known platform accelerations. Cancellation of feedthrough dynamics is demonstrated for a human subject.
A Framework of Using NURBS Curve as the Membership Functions in the Neural-Fuzzy System
Authors: Luo Tao , Lu Wen F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel neural-fuzzy system is developed by using the NURBS (Non-uniform Rational B-spline) curve as the membership functions in this paper. The neural-fuzzy system uses the fuzzy logic rule to estimate the output of the systems and uses the weight updating method in neural networks to adjust the rules. The NURBS interpolation method is proposed to construct adaptable membership functions for the proposed neural-fuzzy system. Since the shape of a NURBS curve is controlled by adjusting the control vertices and their weights, changing a control vertex and its weight will only affect the curve shape locally. This local control property reduces the number of iterations of learning in the system. Due to the adaptability of the NURBS membership function, the proposed system will need fewer fuzzy rules compared to existing systems but result in faster error convergence and better accuracy in system identification. The simulation results in Test Examples show that the presented NURBS neural-fuzzy system can identify complex systems with good accuracy and fast learning speed.
Analyses of Frame Problems by DQEM Using EDQ
Authors: Chen Chang-New 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The differential quadrature element method (DQEM) and the extended differential quadrature (EDQ) have been proposed by the author. The EDQ is used to the differential quadrature element analysis of the frame problems. The element can be a nonprismatic beam. The EDQ technique is used to discretize the element-based governing differential equations, the transition conditions at joints and the boundary conditions on domain boundaries. An overall algebraic system can be obtained by assembling all of the discretized equations. A numerically rigorous solution can be obtained by solving the global algebraic system. Mathematical formulations for the EDQ-based DQEM frame analysis are carried out. By using this DQEM model, accurate results of frame problems can efficiently be obtained. Numerical results demonstrate this DQEM model.