bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enfermedades tiroideas en personas con síndrome de Down en el departamento de La Paz – Bolivia
Authors: Garcia de Salgueiro Carmiña , Luna Barron Beatriz , Hauzateng Sotomayor Norka , Contreras Castro Darinka , Paz Rolando , Burgos Zuleya Jose Liders , Taboada Lopez Gonzalo , Heredia Chucantiny Claudia 
Published: February 2021

El Síndrome de Down está asociado a varias formas de distiroidismo, el hipotiroidismo es la más común en esta población. La alteración en la función tiroidea puede aumentar la morbilidad de este síndrome, disminuyendo la calidad y expectativa de vida en estos pacientes.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el estado de la función tiroidea en pacientes con Síndrome de Down de la fundación Aywiña y la Fundación Down Bolivia, del departamento de La Paz, mediante la determinación de pruebas bioquímicas del eje tiroideo. El grupo de estudio estuvo comprendido por 30 individuos, 19 del sexo masculino y 11 del sexo femenino.
Los resultados muestran un 50% de distiroidismo y la población con mayor incidencia de alteración tiroidea fueron los menores a 13 años. La principal patología fue el hipotiroidismo subclínico (24%), seguido del hipotiroi­dismo subclínico autoinmune. Cabe resaltar que se observó un porcentaje elevado de hipertiroidismo (13%), que es superior a lo reportado por otros autores. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre sexos.
La elevada incidencia de distiroidismo hallada, sugiere que la población con Síndrome de Down del departamento de La Paz, es vulnerable a este tipo de trastornos, confirmando lo reportado en otras poblaciones.
Debido a que la presencia de enfermedades tiroidea aumenta las complicaciones de este síndrome, es importan­te realizar controles anuales que evalúen la función tiroidea y se plantea la necesidad de contar con rangos de referencia para las pruebas bioquímicas del eje tiroideo en la población con Síndrome de Down de nuestro país.
Anemia asociada a infección por Helicobacter pylori en estudiantes universitarios.
Authors: Quispe Reyes Juan Marco , Vega Rojas Sheein Estephanie Maria , Huayta Quispe Isaac kenyi , Díaz Quiquia Vasti Evelyn , Chávez Cáceres Pavel Illich 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La anemia se considera una entidad de mayor prevalencia en países en vías de desarrollo, teniendo como causas principales la falta de ingesta nutricional: hierro, ácido fólico, vitamina B12. La anemia ferropénica es la causa más frecuente y afecta en su mayoría a mujeres en edad fértil como en la postmenopausia. Además se ha asociado a Helicobacter pylori, como factor de riesgo para anemia ferropénica. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación que existe entre la anemia y Helicobacter pylori como factor de riesgo en los estudiantes de la Universidad Peruana Unión en el año 2014. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en estudiantes de la Universidad Peruana Unión. Se obtuvo la base de datos de estudiantes atendidos en la Clínica Good Hope, con los diagnósticos de anemia ferropénica, seleccionados por medio de un muestreo aleatorio simple determinando el grupo caso de 40 personas con anemia (n=40) y 80 personas sin diagnóstico de anemia siendo el grupo control. Se aplicó una encuesta con las variables de interés para la descripción de la población y el análisis de muestra sanguínea para el hematocrito, hemoglobina (en 48 personas para confirmar los casos y controles) y la prueba rápida anti-Helicobacter pylori. Resultados: Se determinó un odds ratio entre anemia y Helicobacter pylori de 3,8; un chi cuadrado de 10,12 y una p=0,001. Este resultado rechaza la hipótesis nula de independencia de las variables y se comprueba la asociación antes propuesta. Discusión: Helicobacter pylori es un factor de riesgo asociado a la anemia ferropénica, aunque se requiere más estudios en nuestra población. Conclusiones: Helicobacter pylori es un factor de riesgo asociado con anemia, aunque se requieren más estudios en la población de esta investigación.
Medicamentos genéricos, percepción de los médicos. Cali-Colombia
Authors: Torres Serna Camilo , Ángel Medina Juan Camilo , Klinger Torres Helen Viviana , Márquez Flórez Vanessa , Micolta Bejarano Jean Marcos , Sánchez Suescún Jhon Jairo 
Published: February 2021

Es frecuente escuchar la desconfianza médica de la efectividad de los medicamentos genéricos. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la aceptación de médicos vinculados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud de Colombia a la prescripción de medicamentos genéricos.
Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Se entrevistaron 80 médicos en ejercicio clínico, todos médicos que realizaban consulta clínica en los sitios de práctica de una Facultad de Medicina de Cali-Colombia.
Los resultados muestran que los médicos consultados tienen claro el concepto de medicamento enérico y el 89,6% de ellos, consideran el producto genérico esencialmente similar al medicamento original de referencia, pero al mismo tiempo tienden a pensar que los productos genéricos no cumplen con el efecto terapéutico deseado. Se destaca también que el 74,4% de los médicos considera que los pacientes valoran poco el uso de productos genéricos.
The Relationship Burnout With The Performance of Implementing Nurses in The Inpatient Room at Rawa Lumbu Hospital 2019
Authors: Deniati Kiki 
Published: February 2021

Burnout merupakan kelelahan secara fisik maupun emosi dan sebagai suatu perubahan sikap ataupun perilaku. Akibat dari kelelahan atau kejenuhan kerja itu sendiri dapat muncul dalam bentuk berkurangnya kepuasan kerja, produktivitas yang rendah dan memburuknya kinerja. Kinerja keperawatan merupakan aktivitas yang diberikan kepada klien melalui pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan untuk mencapai tujuan pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada Hubungan Burnout Dengan Kinerja Perawat Pelaksana Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Rawa Lumbu 2019. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Rawa Lumbu yang berjumlah 30 perawat, setelah dimasukkan kedalam rumus slovin jumlah sampelnya sebanyak 28 perawat. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dari hasil uji statistik Chi-Square diperoleh p value sebesar 0,028 dapat disimpulkan p value (0,028) < nilai α (0,05), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan burnout dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Rawa Lumbu 2019. Kesimpulannya adalah Burnout dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perawat, ketika perawat merasakan adanya kelelahan atau kejenuhan (burnout) maka tidak lama lagi situasi lingkungan kerja menjadi tidak kondusif apabila keadaan ini dibiarkan berlarut-larut maka dapat menyebabkan penurunan kinerja.
Ar mokykliniai vadovėliai ugdo demokratinio parlamentarizmo šalininkus? Lietuvos moderniųjų laikų parlamentarizmas 9–12 klasių istorijos vadovėliuose
Authors: Bitautas Algis 
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip Lietuvos moderniųjų laikų parlamentarizmo istorija yra pateikta mokykliniuose istorijos vadovėliuose. Straipsnyje išskirtinis dėmesys teikiamas šiems moderniųjų laikų Lietuvos Seimams: Didžiajam Vilniaus Seimui (1905 m. gruodžio 4–5 d.), Steigiamajam Seimui (1920–1922), parlamentinio valdymo Seimams (1922–1926), „smetoninio“ Seimo (1936–1940) ir Liaudies seimo (1940) specifikai, Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausiajai TarybaiAtkuriamajam Seimui (1990–1992) ir Seimams nuo 1992 metų iki šių dienų.
Analizei pasirinkti visi galiojantys bendrojo lavinimo dalykų istorijos vadovėliai, kurie buvo ir yra šiuo metu naudojami mokykloje. Atskleidžiant moderniųjų laikų parlamentarizmo istoriją apžvelgtas skirtingų leidyklų vadovėlių autorinis tekstas, rašytiniai ir vaizdiniai šaltiniai bei mokiniams skirtos užduotys. Ypatingas dėmesys kreipiamas į atskirų leidyklų vadovėlių autorių pateikimo skirtumus, t. y. kam vadovėlių autoriai teikia daugiau dėmesio. Akcentuojamos mokinių vertybines nuostatas formuojančios užduotys ir klausimai siekiant išsiaiškinti, ar šiuolaikiniai mokykliniai istorijos vadovėliai ugdo demokratinio parlamentarizmo šalininkus.
Trend of hypertension in Gujarat–Understanding the NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 Data
Authors: Patel Swati , Patel Prakash 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Several rounds of national health surveys have generated a vast amount of data in India since 1992. This article describes the key health information - hypertension from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 4 and 5) of Gujarat. The main aim of this article is to observe the prevalence of hypertension in Gujarat from NFHS-4 and 5 dataset.
Methods: The study was secondary data analysis based on the data from NFHS 4 and NFHS 5.
Results: NFHS 4 data illustrates the average prevalence of blood pressure to be 22.7% (for both men and women, total of all the three categories) in Gujarat. NFHS 5 data demonstrates the average prevalence of blood pressure to be 74.7% (for both men and women, total of all the three categories) in Gujarat.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is slightly increasing or almost equal to same in all categories of hypertension in rural as compared to urban area of Gujarat.
Het nieuwe migratie- en asielpact: flexibele solidariteit, verplichte grensprocedures en nog meer dataverzameling
Authors: Battjes H. , Brouwer E.R. , den Heijer M. 
Published: February 2021

Het nieuwe migratie- en asielpact: flexibele solidariteit, verplichte grensprocedures en nog meer dataverzameling
Op 23 september 2020 presenteerde de Europese Commissie het migratie- en asielpact. Dit pact beslaat 509 pagina’s aanbevelingen en wetgevende voorstellen op het gebied van migratie- en asielrecht, het Schengenacquis en grenscontrole. In deze bijdrage bespreken we onder meer de vraag in hoeverre de voorstellen een basis bieden voor solidaire, menswaardige, maar ook effectievere migratie- en asiel afspraken in de Europese Unie. De bijdrage gaat met name in op de voorgestelde grensprocedures en de hervorming van het Dublinsysteem. Ook bespreken we de plannen ter versterking van Schengen en de maatregelen op het gebied van persoonsgegevens en EU- datasystemen.Mededeling van de Commissie over een nieuw migratie- en asielpact COM(2020)609 def., 23 september 2020.
Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Vagina: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Bing Zhanyong , Levine Lyuba , Lucci Joseph A. , Hatch Sandra S. , Eltorky Mahmoud A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina is extremely rare, and its clinical behavior is aggressive. To our knowledge, 22 patients with this tumor have been reported in the English literature to date.
Objective.—To investigate 3 patients with this tumor clinically and pathologically.
Design.—The pathology database at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston was searched, and 3 cases of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina were found. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural profiles of the tumors were investigated. The medical charts of the patients were reviewed, and the patients were followed up.
Patients.—Women with the diagnosis of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of vagina.
Results.—All 3 patients presented with advanced disease, and 2 patients died within 4 months of the initial diagnosis. One 38-year-old patient was newly diagnosed, and her clinical outcome had not yet been determined. The histologic features of all 3 tumors were similar to those of their pulmonary counterpart. All cases were positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. The expression pattern of thyroid transcription factor 1 was examined in all 3 patients, of whom 2 were negative and 1 was positive with negative clinical and radiologic thyroid or pulmonary findings. Ultrastructural evaluation showed scattered intracytoplasmic electron-dense neurosecretory granules.
Conclusion.—Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina has histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features similar to those of its pulmonary counterpart. Because thyroid transcription factor 1 can be positive, it should not be used to differentiate primary from metastatic disease. The current therapies have usually resulted in poor outcomes, and new therapeutic modalities should be explored.
A Case of Acute Hemolysis After Ceftriaxone: Immune Complex Mechanism Demonstrated by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Kakaiya Ram , Cseri Jill , Smith; Steve , Silberman Simone , Rubinas Tara C. , Hoffstadter Alan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An immune complex mechanism for ceftriaxone sodium– induced severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia has previously been demonstrated using routine blood bank techniques. We describe herein a patient with severe hemolysis that subsided once the drug was discontinued. Serologic techniques demonstrated immune complex–mediated ceftriaxone-dependent red cell antibodies. These findings were further supported by the results of flow cytometry, in which a change in basal red cell autofluorescence was seen in the presence of the antibody and the drug. Our case illustrates the adjunctive value of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of ceftriaxone-dependent red cell antibody.
Distinguishing Carcinoid Tumor From Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: Correlating Cytologic Features and Performance in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Haja Jennifer , Lozano Richard L. , Wilbur David C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The cytologic features of carcinoid tumor of the lung are well described. Nevertheless, some carcinoids may be difficult to distinguish from small cell carcinomas.
Objective.—To correlate the cytologic features of individual cases of carcinoid tumor of the lung in fine-needle aspiration specimens in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program with the frequency of misclassification as small cell carcinoma.
Design.—We reviewed 1100 interpretations from 26 different cases of carcinoid tumor in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program and correlated the cytologic features with the performance in the program.
Results.—Cases were divided into those that were frequently misclassified as small cell carcinoma (at least 20% of the responses, 19 cases) and those that were infrequently misclassified as small cell carcinoma (&lt;10% of all responses, 7 cases). All cases had areas with classic features of carcinoid tumor. Cases were reviewed independently by 3 cytopathologists specifically looking for cytologic features that might be responsible for misclassification as small cell carcinoma. All 7 cases that were infrequently misclassified consisted of numerous monotonous well-preserved tumor cells that were either entirely round or were a mixture of round and spindle-shaped cells. Six of 7 cases showed a prominent streaming vascular pattern with tumor cells attached to the endothelial cell core. In contrast, cases that were frequently misclassified had 1 of 6 patterns that were not seen in cases that were rarely misclassified. These 6 patterns were: (1) poorly preserved and pale-staining cells with fine chromatin and a suggestion of molding (5 cases); (2) numerous large, well-preserved, spindle-shaped cells (2 cases); (3) numerous cells varying markedly in both size and shape (both round and spindle-shaped cells), with a common finding of degenerated, smudgy, small round and spindle-shaped cells (9 cases); (4) hypocellular specimens (8 cases); (5) obscuration of cells by blood (2 cases); and (6) tumor cells present predominantly in groups, with few isolated cells (8 cases). In none of these cases were mitoses or true necrosis identified.
Conclusions.—Frequent misclassification of carcinoid tumor as small cell carcinoma in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens in this program correlates strongly with specific cytologic features, some of which are common in small cell carcinoma (fine chromatin, molding, smudgy chromatin) and others that are not (spindle-shaped cells). In addition, hypocellular specimens or specimens with cellular obscuration performed poorly, along with specimens exhibiting absence of the commonly described carcinoid feature of streaming vascularity. Awareness of these patterns may aid in avoiding misdiagnosis.
Automatic 3-Dimensional Visualization of Peripheral Blood Slides: A New Approach for the Detection of Infection/Inflammation at the Point of Care
Authors: Urbach Joseph , Rogowski Ori , Shapira Itzhak , Avitzour Daniel , Branski David , Schwartz Shepard , Berliner Shlomo , Mardi Tamar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The identification and quantitation of the intensity of the acute-phase response at the point of care might be of clinical relevance.
Objective.—To report the possibility of automatic screening of unstained peripheral blood slides by using a 3-dimensional image analysis system.
Design.—Peripheral venous blood was obtained from children with acute inflammation/infection and examined by an automatic 3-dimensional image analyzer to detect the number of white blood cells as well as to reveal the degree of erythrocyte aggregation, a marker of the humoral phase response.
Results.—We included 66 children with acute bacterial infections and 59 with nonbacterial inflammation/infection; mean ages of the 2 groups were 4.3 ± 3.9 years and 4.2 ± 3.7 years, respectively (P = .91). The percentages of correct classifications based on discriminant analysis in predicting between bacterial and nonbacterial inflammation/infection were 61.3% by using the white blood cell count, 64.5% by using the percentage of granulocytes, 61.6% by using the degree of erythrocyte aggregation, and 59.2% by using the number of leukocytes counted on the unstained slides. The results of the receiver-operated characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.714 (P &lt; .001) for the number of granulocytes, 0.699 (P &lt; .001) for the white blood cell count, 0.685 (P &lt; .001) for the number of leukocytes on the slides, and 0.685 (P = .001) for the degree of erythrocyte aggregation. The correlation between the number of leukocytes by the electronic cell analyzer and the number of cells counted on the slides was highly significant (r = 0.85, P &lt; .001).
Conclusions.—It is feasible to use an automatic 3-dimensional image analyzer to reveal the different intensities of the acute-phase response between a group of children with an acute bacterial infection and another with nonbacterial inflammation/infection. These findings might be relevant for potential application at the point of care.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Glucose Transporter GLUT1 in Benign and Malignant Fallopian Tube Epithelia, With Comparison to Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Kalir Tamara , Rahaman Jamal , Hagopian George , Demopoulos Rita , Cohen Carmel , Burstein David E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Enhanced expression of GLUT1, a facilitative glucose transporter found on red blood cells, blood-brain barrier, and perineurium, has been described in a large spectrum of epithelial malignancies.
Objective.—We present an immunohistochemical survey of GLUT1 expression in benign and malignant fallopian tube epithelia, and compare serous carcinomas of the fallopian tube and ovary.
Design.—One hundred two routinely fixed and processed archival specimens (36 benign fallopian tubes, 29 primary tubal adenocarcinomas, and 37 primary ovarian adenocarcinomas) were immunostained with rabbit anti-GLUT1 and developed with streptavidin-biotin/diaminobenzidine. Only distinct membrane staining was scored positively (1+ to 3+).
Results.—Benign tubes (n = 36) were either negatively stained (58.3%) or displayed rare weak staining (0.5+ to 1+, rarely 2+; 41.7%); of the latter, 4 specimens showed chronic salpingitis, and 6 showed hyperplasia (epithelial tufting and stratification). A case of florid hyperplasia with atypia in a BRCA1-positive patient was GLUT1 negative. Twenty-three (79.3%) of 29 tubal carcinomas were positively stained. Staining ranged from focal/scattered foci (n = 15) to multifocal/extensive (n = 8). Of the 6 nonstaining tubal carcinomas, 3 were undifferentiated. Nineteen tubal carcinoma sections showed residual benign epithelium, which was consistently nonstaining. Very frequently, GLUT1 staining intensified in cells furthest from stroma/ stromal capillaries and/or bordering necrotic zones. On average, GLUT1 staining in primary fallopian tube cancers was less extensive than in primary ovarian adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions.—GLUT1 immunostaining of fallopian tube adenocarcinomas was substantially stronger and more extensive than staining of benign tubal epithelium, consistent with previously described findings in carcinomas versus benign tissues from many primary sites. The frequent localization of GLUT1 positivity to regions most distal from stroma/stromal capillaries is consistent with known activation of GLUT1 expression by hypoxia-sensing cellular pathways and may constitute a survival advantage under hypoxic conditions present in malignancy. The difference in extent of GLUT1 staining between primary tubal and primary ovarian serous adenocarcinomas is discussed.
Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome and Dyserythropoiesis
Authors: Scurlock Deven , Ostler Daniel , Nguyen Andy , Wahed Amer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome or chondroectodermal dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a variable spectrum of clinical findings. Classical EVC syndrome comprises a tetrad of clinical manifestations of chondrodystrophy, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cardiac defects. In several case reports, dysplasia involving other organs has also been identified. Hematologic abnormalities have been rarely reported in patients with EVC syndrome. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old Hispanic boy with EVC syndrome and marked dyserythropoiesis. The dyserythropoiesis may be part of an isolated myelodysplastic change or a primary myelodysplastic syndrome and likely represents an unusual EVC syndrome association. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported.
Myeloid Sarcoma of Appendix Mimicking Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Palomino-Portilla Eugenio Americo , Valbuena Jose R. , Quinones-Avila Mariadel Pilar , Medeiros L. Jeffrey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Myeloid sarcoma is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells involving an extramedullary anatomic site that is usually, although not always, associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Any extramedullary site can be involved by myeloid sarcoma, but involvement of the cecal appendix is uncommon, and symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis as a result of appendiceal involvement are rare.Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic features of 2 patients with myeloid sarcoma involving the appendix who presented with right lower quadrant pain suggestive of acute appendicitis and prompting appendectomy.Design.—Clinical information for both patients was obtained from the medical record. Routine hematoxylin-eosin–stained slides, naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate stain, and immunohistochemical stains for myeloid, B-cell, and T-cell antigens were prepared.Results.—Peripheral blood and bone marrow were infiltrated by coexistent acute myeloid leukemia in case 1 but were negative for leukemia in case 2. In case 2, the patient had a history of acute myeloid leukemia that had been treated by an allogenic bone marrow transplant 7 months earlier. Histologic examination of the appendix revealed poorly differentiated myeloid sarcoma in both cases. Each neoplasm was positive for chloroacetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and CD43 and was negative for CD3 and CD20.Conclusions.—Myeloid sarcoma involving the appendix can rarely cause pain or other symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis. A high index of suspicion combined with the use of cytochemical and immunohistochemical studies are helpful in establishing the diagnosis.