bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: Where are we now?
Authors: Moll Joel , Vennard David , Noto Rachel , Moran Timothy , Krieger Paul , Moreno‐Walton Lisa , Heron Sheryl L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite identified inequities and disparities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) health, past studies have shown little or no education at the medical school or residency level for emergency physicians. With increased focus on health inequities and disparities, we sought to reexamine the status of sexual and gender minority health education in U.S. emergency medicine (EM) residencies.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to determine how many EM residencies offer education on LGBTQ+ health. Secondary objectives included the number of actual versus preferred hours of LGBTQ+ training, identification of barriers to providing education, and correlation of education with program demographics. Finally, we compared our current data with past results of our 2013 study.MethodsThe initial survey that sought to examine LGBTQ+ training in 2013 was used and sent in 2020 via email to EM programs accredited by the American Council for Graduate Medical Education who had at least one full class of residents in 2019. Reminder emails and a reminder post on the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine listserv were used to increase participation.ResultsA total of 229 programs were eligible, with a 49.3% response rate (113/229). The majority (75%) offered education content on LGBTQ+ health, for a median (IQR) of 2 (1–3) hours and a range of 0 to 22 hours. Respondents preferred more hours of education than offered (median desired hours = 4, IQR = 2–5 hours; p < 0.001). The largest barrier identified was lack of time in curriculum (63%). The majority of programs had known LGBTQ+ faculty and residents. Inclusion and amount of education hours positively correlated with presence of LGBTQ+ faculty or residents; university‐ and county‐based programs were more likely to deliver education content than private groups (p = 0.03). Awareness of known LGBTQ+ residents but not faculty differed by region, but there was no significant difference in actual or preferred content by region.ConclusionThe majority of respondents offer education in sexual and gender minority health, although there remains a gap between actual and preferred hours. This is a notable increase from 26% of responding programs providing education in 2013. Several barriers still exist, and the content, impact, and completeness of education remain areas for further study.
Pervaporation via silicon‐based membranes: Correlation and prediction of performance in pervaporation and gas permeation
Authors: Moriyama Norihiro , Kawano Yuta , Wang Qing , Inoue Ryota , Guo Meng , Yokoji Makoto , Nagasawa Hiroki , Kanezashi Masakoto , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPervaporation (PV) is a membrane technology that holds great promise for industrial applications. To better understand the PV mechanism, PV dehydrations of various types of organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, iso‐propanol, tert‐butanol, and acetone) were performed on five types of organosilica and two types of silicon carbide‐based membranes, all with different pore sizes. Water permeance was dependent on the types of organic aqueous solutions, which suggested that organic solvents penetrated the pores and hindered the permeation of water. In addition, water permeance of various types of membranes in PV was well correlated with hydrogen permeance in single‐gas permeation. Furthermore, a clear correlation was obtained between the permeance ratio in PV and that in single‐gas permeation, which was confirmed via the modified‐gas translation model. These correlations make it possible to use single‐gas permeation properties to predict PV performance.
Coronenes, Benzocoronenes and Beyond: Modern Aspects of Their Syntheses, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of new designs of coronene‐based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with diverse functions have emerged to serve as complementary materials in organic chemistry and materials chemistry. In the present review, we highlight the modern aspects of syntheses related to or different from the strategies used in the early era of coronene research. Systematic extension and expansion of coronene backbones to wide categories of angular PAHs are covered. The substitution and extension of coronene architectures, by incorporating functional groups and by fusing small and large conjugated units, advatangeously enrich their photophysical, electrochemical, self‐assembling, and other properties, of which are discussed to demostrate their impact in materials chemistry. While the highly symmetric coronenes, tribenzocoronenes and hexabenzocoronenes conceived wide potential in charge‐transporting, electroluminescent, sensing, and other applications, other related derivatives such as dibenzo, tetrabenzo and pentabenzocoronenes also displayed their potentials as exemplified by their use as charge‐conduction channel in transistor application.
Discontinuity g‐modes of hybrid stars: Effect of sequential phase transitions
Authors: Rodríguez Maria Camila , Ranea‐Sandoval Ignacio F. , Mariani Mauro , Malfatti Germán , Guilera Octavio Miguel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe detection of event GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart started the era of multi‐messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. The observational constraints from this event and the estimation of mass and radius of PSR J0030 + 0451 is being used to get insights related to the nature of matter inside these compact objects. In this work, we construct hybrid equations of state using modern parametrizations of the relativistic mean field model for the outer core and a generalization of the Constant Speed of Sound parametrization that allow to study sharp sequential phase transitions in the inner core. Moreover, we study non‐radial perturbations of these stellar configurations using the relativistic Cowling approximation. We focus our attention on the g‐modes that arise due to the sharp phase transitions and show that, due to the second phase transition, a new g‐mode appears, g2‐mode, with frequencies smaller that ∼0.5 kHz.
Reverse‐phase chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography for separation of a diastereomer in alalevonadifloxacin: A novel antibacterial agent
Authors: Ahirrao Vinod , Rane Vipul , Patil Kiran , More Kiran , Jadhav Rajiv , Yeole Ravindra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlalevonadifloxacin (ALA) is a novel antibacterial drug, recently launched in India to treat infections caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. In present work, a chiral high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantification of a diastereomeric impurity (DI) in ALA. The separation was achieved on Pirkle type (R,R) Whelk‐O1 chiral stationary phase, using ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile in gradient fashion at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The method was extensively validated for the quantification of DI in ALA. The detector response for DI was linear over the concentration range of 0.24–4.78 μg/ml. Limit of quantitation and limit of detection for DI were 0.24 and 0.07 μg/ml respectively. The mean recovery of the DI was 103.47 ± 5.14%. The impact of column temperature on the chiral separation was evaluated. The method was employed for controlling diastereomeric impurity in the batches of ALA used in preclinical studies.
Low hemoglobin predicts high‐platelet reactivity and major cardiovascular ischemic events at long‐term follow‐up among ACS patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Rolla Roberta , Pergolini Patrizia , Gioscia Rocco , Nardin Matteo , Negro Federica , Viglione Filippo , Suryapranata Harry , Kedhi Elvin , De Luca Giuseppe ,   Novara Atherosclerosis Study Group (NAS)
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundReduced levels of hemoglobin (Hb) represent an established marker of impaired outcomes and increased cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease, challenging the management of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, while anemia has emerged as an independent predictor of suboptimal platelet inhibition in patients receiving clopidogrel, no study has so far evaluated the impact of Hb levels on high‐on treatment platelet reactivity (HRPR) with ticagrelor and their prognostic consequences, that were the aim of the present study.MethodsPatients on DAPT with ASA + Ticagrelor (90 mg/twice a day) after percutaneous coronary revascularization for ACS were scheduled for platelet function assessment 30–90 days post‐discharge. Aggregation tests were performed by multiple electrode aggregometry. Suboptimal platelet inhibition (HRPR‐high residual platelet reactivity was defined if above the lower limit of normality (417 AU*min). The primary study endpoint was defined as the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, recurrent acute coronary syndrome [MI], target vessel revascularization) at longest available follow‐up.ResultsWe included 397 patients that were divided according to tertiles values of Hb (< 12.7, 12–7–14.09, ≥14.1 g/dl). Patients with lower Hb were older and displayed a more severe cardiovascular risk profile. Mean levels of platelet reactivity were enhanced in patients with lower Hb after stimulation with TRAP peptide (TRAP test, p = .03) and ADP (p = .02). Elevated platelet reactivity (HRPR) on Ticagrelor was more frequent among patients with reduced Hb (16.4% vs. 12% vs. 5.4%, p = .005, adjusted OR [95%CI] = 1.71[0.996;3.01], p = .056). At a mean follow‐up of 820.9 ± 553.4 days, 21.4% of the patients experienced the primary composite endpoint, with a higher rate of events in patients with lower Hb (27.6% vs. 22.6% vs. 13.5%, p = .006, adjusted HR [95%CI] = 1.51[1.12; 2.03], p = .006), mainly driven by a higher rate of recurrent ACS. After correction for baseline differences lower Hb tertiles but not HRPR emerged as independent predictor of MACE (adjusted HR [95%CI] = 0.98[0.50; 1.92], p = .95).ConclusionsIn the present study, we demonstrated that among patients on DAPT with ASA and ticagrelor after PCI for ACS, lower Hb levels are independently associated with a higher rate of HRPR and an increased rate of major ischemic events, and especially for recurrent ACS, although with no impact on survival. Neutral prognostic effect of HRPR was observed across Hb tertiles.
Lessons for and from COVID‐19 for investors and their advisors
Authors: Lamdin Douglas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 was a shock to financial markets. On March 23, 2020 the S&P 500 index had fallen by over 31% from its closing value on the first trading day of the year and the NASDAQ index fell nearly 25%. Volatility increased. The CBOE VIX Index and trading volume spiked in March and remained elevated. But by mid‐November, the S&P 500 index was above its beginning of the year value by 10% and the NASDAQ index was 30% above. During large market declines, history tells us that investors can be rewarded if they buy, while withstanding the urge to sell. Surveys of investors, as well as those who provide investment advice, suggest that these history lessons were known and those who followed them, were well‐served. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic reinforces these lessons for investors and their advisors when encountering the next large market decline.
Target Extension‐Activated DNA Walker on Nanoparticles for Digital Counting‐Based Analysis of MicroRNA†
Authors: Feng Qinya , Zhai Yuqing , Ren Wei , Liu Chenghui 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionMicroRNAs (miRNAs), especially exosomal miRNAs, are promising noninvasive biomarkers in early‐stage cancer diagnosis and disease treatment monitoring. However, their precise and sensitive quantification remains challenging due to their small size and low abundance. Herein, we have developed a nanoparticle‐confined DNA walker strategy for the specific detection of miRNA. In the existence of the target miRNA, the on‐particle DNA walking reaction will be initiated, providing a fluorescence‐positive nanoparticle. Otherwise, the nanoparticle would be fluorescence‐negative. Utilizing the total internal reflection fluorescent microscope (TIRFM) to digitally count the fluorescence‐positive nanoparticles, the proposed method possesses a detection limit of 0.2 pmol/L miRNA and can accurately distinguish the single‐base mismatched target. This design combines the merits of the DNA walker for signal amplification and the TIRFM for highly sensitive detection, paving a new way for the digital counting‐based analysis of exosomal miRNAs.
Ligand‐Sensitised LaF3:Eu3+ and SrF2:Eu3+ Nanoparticles and in Vitro Haemocompatiblity Studies
Authors: Adusumalli Venkata N. K. B. , Mrówczyńska Lucyna , Kwiatek Dorota , Piosik Łukasz , Lesicki Andrzej , Lis Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLuminescent Ln3+‐doped nanoparticles (NPs) functionalised with the desired organic ligand molecules for haemocompatibility studies were obtained in a one‐pot synthesis. Chelated aromatic organic ligands such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, ibuprofen, aspirin, 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid and adenosine were applied for surface functionalisation. The modification of the nanoparticles is based on the donor–acceptor character of the ligand–nanoparticle system, which is an alternative to covalent functionalisation by peptide bonding as presented in our recent report. The aromatic groups of selected ligands absorb UV light and transfer their excited‐state energy to the dopant Eu3+ ions in LaF3 and SrF2 NPs. Herein, we discuss the structural and spectroscopic characterisation of the NPs and the results of haemocompatibility studies. Flow cytometry analysis of the nanoparticles’ membrane‐binding is also presented.
Addressing Environmental Challenges of Porphyrin Mixtures Obtained from Statistical Syntheses
Authors: Hölzel Helen , Muth Maximilian , Lungerich Dominik , Jux Norbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSyntheses of complex molecular mixtures on the preparative scale are often challenging steps for chemists, which go hand in hand with expensive purification steps. Herein, the preparation and isolation of unsymmetrically substituted porphyrins, obtained from statistical reactions between two benzaldehydes, were investigated. Therefore, a semi‐automated modular process was developed to lower the consumable costs, save time, and reduce waste production. We utilized a monomode microwave reactor equipped with an autosampler, and a medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) flash purification device, equipped with a UV/Vis detector and a re‐usable glass column packed with SiO2. With this method, it was possible to synthesize and purify several statistical porphyrin mixtures, while simultaneously reducing the environmental factor (E‐factor) significantly, compared to conventionally performed porphyrin syntheses. Our approach shows that a sustainable investigation of academically relevant low‐symmetrical porphyrins can be carried out feasibly, without sacrificing invested time.
The Open Polarimeter: A High‐Resolution Instrument Made from Inexpensive Optomechanical Parts
Authors: Harvie Andrew J. , de Mello John C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Open Polarimeter (“Opol”) is a phase‐based, high‐resolution laser polarimeter formed from a small number of inexpensive optomechanical parts. The complete instrument can be assembled from scratch in less than two days for less than US$250, using only a 3D‐printer and a benchtop milling machine. However, despite its low cost, Opol achieves a high accuracy of a few millidegrees, comparable to far costlier commercial instruments. It is released here as open hardware, with technical diagrams, a full parts list, and source‐code for its firmware included as Supporting Information. Beyond polarimetry, Opol's easy‐to‐build and versatile optical mounting system is likely to prove useful for a wide variety of optical systems.
CVD Growth of Large‐scale and Highly Crystalline 2D Chromium Telluride Nanoflakes
Authors: Guo Yuxi , Kang Lixing , Yu Shaojia , Yang Jiefu , Qi Xiaofei , Zhang Zhiyong , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, 2D magnetic materials have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in spintronic devices. Chromium telluride (CrTe) flakes have been reported for hard magnetism with a strong perpendicular anisotropy. However, the synthesis of large‐scale CrTe nanoflakes on SiO2/Si substrate is still a challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of large‐scale CrTe nanoflakes with a size of up to ∼250 μm on a SiO2/Si substrate via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Our work demonstrated an effective pathway to synthesize large‐scale 2D transition metal tellurides.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Senescence‐Associated Secretory Phenotype by Data‐Independent Acquisition
Authors: Neri Francesco , Basisty Nathan , Desprez Pierre‐Yves , Campisi Judith , Schilling Birgit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCellular senescence is a complex stress response that induces an essentially permanent cell cycle arrest and a complex secretory phenotype termed the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which drives numerous aging pathologies. Characterization of the SASP can provide insights into aging and disease mechanisms, aging biomarker candidates, and targets for counteracting the deleterious effects of senescent cells. Here we describe a mass spectrometry (MS)‐compatible protocol to (1) generate senescent cells using different stimuli, (2) collect conditioned medium containing proteins secreted by senescent cells (i.e., SASP), and (3) prepare the SASP for quantitative proteomic analysis using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) MS. © 2021 The Authors.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Generating ionizing radiation‐induced senescent and control cellsAlternate Protocol 1: Generating doxorubicin‐induced senescent and control cellsAlternate Protocol 2: Generating oncogenic RAS‐induced senescent and control cellsAlternate Protocol 3: Generating mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced senescent and control cellsAlternate Protocol 4: Generating atazanavir/ritonavir‐induced senescent and control cellsSupport Protocol: A multiple‐assay approach to confirm the phenotype of senescent cellsBasic Protocol 2: Generating conditioned medium from senescent cells cultured in low serum and quiescent control cellsAlternate Protocol 5: Generating conditioned medium from senescent cells cultured in complete medium and quiescent control cellsBasic Protocol 3: Quantitative proteomic analysis of the SASP
Cap 1 Messenger RNA Synthesis with Co‐transcriptional CleanCap® Analog by In Vitro Transcription
Authors: Henderson Jordana M. , Ujita Andrew , Hill Elizabeth , Yousif‐Rosales Sally , Smith Cory , Ko Nicholas , McReynolds Taylor , Cabral Charles R. , Escamilla‐Powers Julienne R. , Houston Michael E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSynthetic messenger RNA (mRNA)−based therapeutics are an increasingly popular approach to gene and cell therapies, genome engineering, enzyme replacement therapy, and now, during the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, vaccine development. mRNA for such purposes can be synthesized through an enzymatic in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction and formulated for in vivo delivery. Mature mRNA requires a 5′‐cap for gene expression and mRNA stability. There are two methods to add a cap in vitro: via a two‐step multi‐enzymatic reaction or co‐transcriptionally. Co‐transcriptional methods minimize reaction steps and enzymes needed to make mRNA when compared to enzymatic capping. CleanCap® AG co‐transcriptional capping results in 5 mg/ml of IVT with 94% 5′‐cap 1 structure. This is highly efficient compared to first‐generation cap analogs, such as mCap and ARCA, that incorporate cap 0 structures at lower efficiency and reaction yield. This article describes co‐transcriptional capping using TriLink Biotechnology's CleanCap® AG in IVT. © 2021 The Authors.This article was corrected on 22 November 2021 and 26 July 2022 . See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: IVT with CleanCapBasic Protocol 2: mRNA purification and analysis
Cytological clues to Alternaria alternata
Authors: Sinha Pallavi , Singh Meeta , Sagar Tanu , Jain Shyama , Bains Lovenish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlternaria alternata is dematiaceous fungi affecting mainly immunocompromised host. It generally causes cutaneous infection in humans, but can cause fatal disease. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has not been used widely for the diagnosis of dematiaceous fungi. Here, we present a case of Alternaria alternata in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed on cytology and culture.
Seeing the wood despite the trees: Exploring human disturbance impact on plant diversity, community structure, and standing biomass in fragmented high Andean forests
Authors: Calbi Mariasole , Fajardo‐Gutiérrez Francisco , Posada Juan Manuel , Lücking Robert , Brokamp Grischa , Borsch Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh Andean forests harbor a remarkably high biodiversity and play a key role in providing vital ecosystem services for neighboring cities and settlements. However, they are among the most fragmented and threatened ecosystems in the neotropics. To preserve their unique biodiversity, a deeper understanding of the effects of anthropogenic perturbations on them is urgently needed. Here, we characterized the plant communities of high Andean forest remnants in the hinterland of Bogotá in 32 0.04 ha plots. We assessed the woody vegetation and sampled the understory and epiphytic cover. We gathered data on compositional and structural parameters and compiled a broad array of variables related to anthropogenic disturbance, ranging from local to landscape‐wide metrics. We also assessed phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We employed nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to select meaningful variables in a first step of the analysis. Then, we performed partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and generalized linear models (GLMs) in order to test how selected environmental and anthropogenic variables are affecting the composition, diversity, and aboveground biomass of these forests. Identified woody vegetation and understory layer communities were characterized by differences in elevation, temperature, and relative humidity, but were also related to different levels of human influence. We found that the increase of human‐related disturbance resulted in less phylogenetic diversity and in the phylogenetic clustering of the woody vegetation and in lower aboveground biomass (AGB) values. As to the understory, disturbance was associated with a higher diversity, jointly with a higher phylogenetic dispersion. The most relevant disturbance predictors identified here were as follows: edge effect, proximity of cattle, minimum fragment age, and median patch size. Interestingly, AGB was efficiently predicted by the proportion of late successional species. We therefore recommend the use of AGB and abundance of late successional species as indicators of human disturbance on high Andean forests.