bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Understandability of Health Education Materials: Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: Ji Meng , Liu Yanmeng , Zhao Mengdan , Lyu Ziqing , Zhang Boren , Luo Xin , Li Yanlin , Zhong Yin 
Published: March 2021

Background
Improving the understandability of health information can significantly increase the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of health education programs for vulnerable populations. There is a pressing need to develop clinically informed computerized tools to enable rapid, reliable assessment of the linguistic understandability of specialized health and medical education resources. This paper fills a critical gap in current patient-oriented health resource development, which requires reliable and accurate evaluation instruments to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of health education resource evaluation.

Objective
We aimed to translate internationally endorsed clinical guidelines to machine learning algorithms to facilitate the evaluation of the understandability of health resources for international students at Australian universities.

Methods
Based on international patient health resource assessment guidelines, we developed machine learning algorithms to predict the linguistic understandability of health texts for Australian college students (aged 25-30 years) from non-English speaking backgrounds. We compared extreme gradient boosting, random forest, neural networks, and C5.0 decision tree for automated health information understandability evaluation. The 5 machine learning models achieved statistically better results compared to the baseline logistic regression model. We also evaluated the impact of each linguistic feature on the performance of each of the 5 models.

Results
We found that information evidentness, relevance to educational purposes, and logical sequence were consistently more important than numeracy skills and medical knowledge when assessing the linguistic understandability of health education resources for international tertiary students with adequate English skills (International English Language Testing System mean score 6.5) and high health literacy (mean 16.5 in the Short Assessment of Health Literacy-English test). Our results challenge the traditional views that lack of medical knowledge and numerical skills constituted the barriers to the understanding of health educational materials.

Conclusions
Machine learning algorithms were developed to predict health information understandability for international college students aged 25-30 years. Thirteen natural language features and 5 evaluation dimensions were identified and compared in terms of their impact on the performance of the models. Health information understandability varies according to the demographic profiles of the target readers, and for international tertiary students, improving health information evidentness, relevance, and logic is critical.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION IN SPORT ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Đurović Dušanka , Aleksić Veljković Aleksandra , Petrović Tanja 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of motivation in sport achievement and to describe the psychological aspect of motivation, as one of the most important psychological factors for success. Motivation theories give definitions of terms and previous knowledge of different authors, and the second part of this paper gives the most commonly used techniques: Goal settings, cognitive restructuring, and imagination, and how to apply them. When it comes to motivation in sports, some important concepts and some of the most important interventions for motivating athletes presented in this paper can be analyzed in the psychological training of athletes. Special attention given to the importance and the role of trainers in the process of motivating athletes emphasizes psychology as a key factor in sport achievement.
EXPLOSIVE POWER IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Kocić Miodrag , Berić Dragana , Bubanj Saša 
Published: March 2021

Explosive power in basketball is manifested through various variants of jumps, starting acceleration, sudden changes in direction, deceleration, sudden stops and passing. The aim of this research is to identify and sum up the relevant literature published in the period from 2000 to 2019, focusing on the explosive power of basketball players, and to explain relations between training programs and explosive power development. The results confirmed that explosive power is a significant characteristic of professional basketball players and one of the most important factors for achieving top results. The results show that in spite of the inborn coefficient, the development of explosive power can be realized through planned, rational and well-organized training. A positive correlation was determined between explosive power and running at short distances, jumps and throwing, as well as between explosive power and lean body mass in basketball players of different ages. It is necessary to give greater attention to the training of explosive power, because it is an effective means that contributes to the efficiency of the basketball player.
Spatial molecular heterogeneity of POM during decomposition at different soil depths res olved by VNIR hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Guigue Julien , Just Christopher , Luo Siwei , Fogt Marta , Schloter Michael , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Hobley Eleanor 
Published: March 2021

Soil organic matter is composed of fractions with different functions
and reactivity. Among these, particulate organic matter (POM) is the
main educt of new inputs of organic matter in soils and its chemical
fate corresponds to the first stages of the SOM decomposition cascade
ultimately leading to the association of organic and mineral phases. We
aimed at investigating the POM molecular changes during decomposition at
a sub-millimetre scale by combining direct measurements of POM elemental
and molecular composition with laboratory imaging VNIR spectroscopy. For
this, we set up an incubation experiment to compare the molecular
composition of straw and composted green manure, materials greatly
differing in their C/N ratio, during their decomposition in
reconstituted topsoil or subsoil of a Luvisol, and recorded
hyperspectral images at high spatial and spectral resolutions of
complete soil cores at the start and end of the incubation.
Hyperspectral imaging was successfully combined with machine learning
ensembles to produce a precise mapping of POM alkyl/O-N alkyl ratio and
C/N, revealing the spatial heterogeneity in the composition of both
straw and green manure. We found that both types of organic amendment
were more degraded in the reconstituted topsoil than in subsoil after
the incubation. We also measured consistent trends in molecular changes
undergone by straw, with the alkyl/O-N alkyl ratio slightly increasing
from 0.06 to 0.07, and C/N dropping by about 40 units. The green manure
material was very heterogeneous, with no clear molecular changes
detected as a result of incubation.
The visualisation approach presented here enables high-resolution
mapping of the spatial distribution of the molecular characteristics of
organic particles in soil cores, and offers opportunities to disentangle
the roles of POM chemistry and morphology during the first steps of the
decomposition cascade of organic matter in soils.
Epidemiological aspects of enterovirus infection in the Russian Federation during the period of 2018–2019
Authors: Romanenkova N. I. , Rozaeva N. R. , Bichurina M. A. , Kanaeva O. I. , Chkhyndzheriya I. G. , Shishkina L. V. , Madoyan A. G. , Valdaitseva N. V. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Analysis of enterovirus infection morbidity and characteristics of the etiological agents of this infection on some territories of Russia in 2017.Materials and methods: We investigated 7858 samples of the biological material from the patients suffering from enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by virological and molecular methods.Results: The epidemic process and the clinical picture of enterovirus infection on different territories had some peculiarities. On some territories enterovirus meningitis was the predominant form of infection, on other territories enterovirus infection with exanthema prevailed. In Saint-Petersburg, Archangel and Saratov regions the percentage of enterovirus infection cases with the clinical picture of enterovirus meningitis was significantly higher than the percentage of enterovirus infection with exanthema. In the Komi Republic, Leningrad and Murmansk regions the percentage of infection with exanthema was statistically higher than the enterovirus meningitis portion. Enteroviruses of 30 serotypes were detected in the samples of patients suffering from enterovirus infection. We determined the etiology of sporadic and epidemic cases of enterovirus infection represented by different clinical forms. On some territories the epidemic foci of enterovirus infection among children were revealed. The etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis foci in Saint-Petersburg, Murmansk and Saratov regions were Coxsackievirus B5, Coxsackievirus B4 and Echovirus 30. The foci of enterovirus infection with exanthema in Archangel, Leningrad, Murmansk and Novgorod regions were caused by Coxsackieviruses A10, A16 and A6.Conclusion: The clinical forms of enterovirus infection on some territories were provoked by enteroviruses which dominated in the circulation on one or other territory. Enteroviruses of species B, mainly Echovirus 30, Echovirus 6 and Coxsackieviruses B1–6 were the etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis. The etiological factors of enterovirus infection with exanthema were Enteroviruses of species A, mainly Coxsackieviruses of different serotypes as well as Enterovirus 71.
Clinical-epidemiological characteristics delivery cases of tropic dengue fever
Authors: Nechaev V. V. , Yarovaya I. I. , Kachenya G. V. , Doguzhieva E. V. , Buntovskya S. S. , Egorickhina A. D. , Shkurskaya R. S. , Chkhindzeria I. G. , Chunaeva N. E. 
Published: March 2021

Dengue fever is a zooantroponotic, vector-borne viral disease. It is common among the population of tropical countries and is characterized by a tendency to expand to other countries as a result of infection drifts.Objective: to identify epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of imported dengue fever in St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The obtained data of official registration of cases of diseases in the Department of accounting and registration of infectious and parasitic diseases of the city of St. Petersburg and clinical case histories from the Сlinical Infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin for 2012–2018 were used as the basis for epidemiological analysis. 144 cases of dengue fever were identified on the basis of registration materials in the city during this period, of which 86 cases were studied on clinical histories. Standards methods of epidemiological diagnostics and statistics were used in the article.Results and discussion. Epidemiological anamnesis has been seen in a wide variety of countries in which tourists stayed and became infected. The hemorrhagic form of dengue fever was diagnosed in only 18 (19,1%) out of 86 patients. This form usually develops with repeated encounters with the virus and is more severe than the classic version of the disease. Dengue fever remains a topical imported disease and is associated with an increase in tourists, often re-visiting disadvantaged tropical countries. Both sexes were equally exposed to the disease. The age characteristic of patients is represented by persons of 20–29 and 30–39 years of age. An increase in the number of patients over a 7-year period was noted in May and November. Such countries as Thailand (37%), Vietnam (13,9%) and India (9,3%) were the predominant tourist destinations. Besides, single infections occurred in 13 countries of the Asian, African and American regions. The primary diagnosis in 50,3% of patients referred to hospital were acute respiratory diseases, combined with diarrhea and other manifestations. Clinical manifestations fit into 5 syndromes, which pass with a variety of symptoms, complicating both clinical diagnosis and laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. Imported dengue fever is characterized by combined infections caused by pathogens of acute intestinal diseases, cytomegalovirus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, hepatitis A, Legionella and Plasmodium malaria. In General, combined infection was detected in 39.5% of patients.
Myo-Inositol, Probiotics, and Micronutrient Supplementation From Preconception for Glycemia in Pregnancy: NiPPeR International Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Godfrey Keith M. , Barton Sheila J. , El-Heis Sarah , Kenealy Timothy , Nield Heidi , Baker Philip N. , Chong Yap Seng , Cutfield Wayne , Chan Shiao-Yng ,   NiPPeR Study Group, Boyle Veronica , Cai Shirong , Carvalho Ryan , Ann Guiao Castro Julie , Cavanagh Mary , Chang Hsin Fang , Chi Claudia , Childs Caroline E. , Chong Mary F. , Conlon Cathryn , Cooper Cyrus , Costello Paula , Cox Vanessa , Ebreo Marilou , Hammond Judith , Harvey Nicholas C. , Holt Richard , Inskip Hazel M. , Jagtap Mrunalini , Karnani Neerja , Jeon Gene , Lee Yung Seng , Lillycrop Karen , Loy See Ling , Mahon Pamela A. , Nembrini Chiara , Ng Sharon , O’Sullivan Justin M. , Ong Judith , Satianegara Gernalia , Pei-Chi Shek Lynette , Soh Shu E. , Silva-Zolezzi Irma , Tan Karen , Tay Vicky , Taylor Rachael , Tham Elizabeth , Tint Mya Thway , Vickers Mark , Wall Clare , Woon Gladys , Jui-Tsung Ray Wong , Ying Wei , Ling Chang Mei , Yong Hannah 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Better preconception metabolic and nutritional health are hypothesized to promote gestational normoglycemia and reduce preterm birth, but evidence supporting improved outcomes with nutritional supplementation starting preconception is limited.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This double-blind randomized controlled trial recruited from the community 1,729 U.K., Singapore, and New Zealand women aged 18–38 years planning conception. We investigated whether a nutritional formulation containing myo-inositol, probiotics, and multiple micronutrients (intervention), compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), taken preconception and throughout pregnancy could improve pregnancy outcomes. The primary outcome was combined fasting, 1-h, and 2-h postload glycemia (28 weeks gestation oral glucose tolerance test).

RESULTS
Between 2015 and 2017, participants were randomized to control (n = 859) or intervention (n = 870); 585 conceived within 1 year and completed the primary outcome (295 intervention, 290 control). In an intention-to-treat analysis adjusting for site, ethnicity, and preconception glycemia with prespecified P &lt; 0.017 for multiplicity, there were no differences in gestational fasting, 1-h, and 2-h glycemia between groups (β [95% CI] loge mmol/L intervention vs. control −0.004 [−0.018 to 0.011], 0.025 [−0.014 to 0.064], 0.040 [0.004–0.077], respectively). Between the intervention and control groups there were no significant differences in gestational diabetes mellitus (24.8% vs. 22.6%, adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.22 [0.92–1.62]), birth weight (adjusted β = 0.05 kg [−0.03 to 0.13]), or gestational age at birth (mean 39.3 vs. 39.2 weeks, adjusted β = 0.20 [−0.06 to 0.46]), but there were fewer preterm births (5.8% vs. 9.2%, aRR 0.43 [0.22–0.82]), adjusting for prespecified covariates.

CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation with myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrients preconception and in pregnancy did not lower gestational glycemia but did reduce preterm birth.
Demoryhmästä pörssiyhtiöksi: Remedyn menestystarinan kehystys sanoma- ja pelilehdistössä 1997–2019
Authors: Pasanen Tero , Suominen Jaakko 
Published: March 2021

Artikkeli tarkastelee Remedyn pelijulkaisujen käsittelyä sanoma- ja pelilehdissä vuosina 1997–2019. Analyysin kohteena ovat yhtiön Death Rally, Max Payne, Alan Wake, Quantum Break ja Control -pelit. Käymme läpi, miten lehtikirjoittelussa käytetyillä mediakehyksillä on rakennettu Remedyn menestystarinaa osana suomalaisen peliteollisuuden kehitystä. Kiinnitämme huomiota näiden rakenteiden kulttuuriseen jatkumoon eli siihen, miten kyseiset mediakehykset ovat muuttuneet kolmen vuosikymmenen aikana. Tarkastelemme myös, miten pelijournalismi määrittelee menestyksen, miten Remedyn yrityskuva on kehittynyt vuosien saatossa ja miten peliteollisuutta verrataan muihin kulttuuriteollisuuden aloihin.
Research Methods in Machine Learning: A Content Analysis
Authors: Kamiri Jackson , Mariga Geoffrey 
Published: March 2021

Research methods in machine learning play a pivotal role since the accuracy and reliability of the results are influenced by the research methods used. The main aims of this paper were to explore current research methods in machine learning, emerging themes, and the implications of those themes in machine learning research. To achieve this the researchers analyzed a total of 100 articles published since 2019 in IEEE journals. This study revealed that Machine learning uses quantitative research methods with experimental research design being the de facto research approach. The study also revealed that researchers nowadays use more than one algorithm to address a problem. Optimal feature selection has also emerged to be a key thing that researchers are using to optimize the performance of Machine learning algorithms. Confusion matrix and its derivatives are still the main ways used to evaluate the performance of algorithms, although researchers are now also considering the processing time taken by an algorithm to execute. Python programming languages together with its libraries are the most used tools in creating, training, and testing models. The most used algorithms in addressing both classification and prediction problems are; Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks, and Decision Tree. The recurring themes identified in this study are likely to open new frontiers in Machine learning research.
Avaliação do cuidado seguro em salas de vacina
Authors: Gomes de Medeiros Suzane , Medeiros de Morais Soraya Helena , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antônio , Vieira Tourinho Francis Solange , Peres de Oliveira Patrícia , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o cuidado seguro com vacinas na atenção primária. Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em 13 salas de vacinas no Nordeste do Brasil. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado um protocolo composto por sete itens e seus respectivos subitens, do tipo checklist. O instrumento foi preenchido de forma observacional, de julho a agosto de 2018. Os dados foram analisados pelas próprias instruções do protocolo e pelo coeficiente Kappa. Verificou-se que a sala de vacina quatro recebeu os maiores escores, seguida da sala nove. O item do protocolo - controle e registro da temperatura do refrigerador – foi o de melhor avaliação nas salas de vacina. O Kappa atingiu total concordância (K=1,0) para o quesito cuidados com o refrigerador/câmara refrigerada. O estudo identificou um cuidado inseguro em sete ambientes investigados e um cuidado parcialmente seguro em cinco salas de vacinas.
Non-perfect maze generation using Kruskal algorithm
Authors: IHSAN MAHYUS , SUHAIMI DEDI , RAMLI MARWAN , YUNI SYARIFAH MEURAH , MAULIDI IKHSAN 
Published: March 2021

A non-perfect maze is a maze that contains loop or cycle and has no isolated cell. A non-perfect maze is an alternative to obtain a maze that cannot be satisfied by perfect maze. This paper discusses non-perfect maze generation with two kind of biases, that is, horizontal and vertical wall bias and cycle bias. In this research, a maze is modeled as a graph in order to generate non-perfect maze using Kruskal algorithm modifications. The modified Kruskal algorithm used Fisher Yates algorithm to obtain a random edge sequence and disjoint set data structure to reduce process time of the algorithm. The modification mentioned above are adding edges randomly while taking account of the edge’s orientation, and by adding additional edges after spanning tree is formed. The algorithm designed in this research constructs an non-perfect maze with complexity of where and denote vertex and edge set of an grid graph, respectively. Several biased non-perfect mazes were shown in this research by varying its dimension, wall bias and cycle bias.
Yield potential and resistance of corn (Zea mays L.) S5 generation
Authors: HAFSAH SITI , BAKHTIAR BAKHTIAR , ROSLINI NUR , FIRDAUS FIRDAUS 
Published: March 2021

. Maize S5 generation was obtained and assembled through open pollination, from its parents possessing high yield potential and resistant to downy mildew disease, where the parents were obtained through mass selection. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield potential and resistance of maize S5 generation against downy mildew disease. The research was conducted at Syngenta Seed Indonesia, Kediri Field Station, Kedungmalang Village, Papat District, Kediri Regency, East Java, from May to October 2019. The research was employed Randomized Block Design (RBD) non Factorial with the only factor observed, 24 genotypes of maize, 5 genotypes for disease resistance assay and 4 genotypes for yield potential assay with 2 replications. The results showed that there were 5 resistant genotypes, 18ID010125, 18ID010141, 18ID010158, 18ID010134, 18ID010118 and 18ID010122 and 7 potential genotypes to have high yield, 18ID010144, 18ID010123, 18ID006020, 18ID010135, 18ID010125, 18ID007419 and 18ID010148. The results also exhibited 3 genotypes with the highest yield and possessed high resistance against downy mildew (18ID010125, 18ID010123 and 18ID010148).