bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorbed dose rate coefficients for 134Cs and 137Cs with steady-state distribution in the human body: S-coefficients revisited
Authors: Isaksson Mats , Tondel Martin , Wålinder Robert , Rääf Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the event of an accidental release of radioactive elements from a nuclear power plant, it has been shown that the radionuclides contributing the most to long-term exposure are 134Cs and 137Cs. In the case of nuclear power plant fallout, with subsequent intake of radionuclides through the food chain, the internal absorbed dose to target tissues from protracted intake of radionuclides needs to be estimated. Internal contamination from food consumption is not caused by a single intake event; hence, the committed equivalent dose, calculated by a dose coefficient or dose per content function, cannot be easily used to calculate the cumulative absorbed dose to relevant target tissues in the body. In this study, we calculated updated absorbed dose rate coefficients for 134Cs and 137Cs based on data from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) on specific absorbed fractions. The absorbed dose rate coefficients are provided for male and female adult reference phantoms, respectively, assuming a steady-state distribution of Cs that we calculated from the ICRP biokinetic model for Cs. With these coefficients, the absorbed dose to the listed target tissues, separately and to the total body, are related to the number of nuclear transitions (time-integrated activity) in each listed source region. Our new absorbed dose rate coefficients are given for the complete set of target tissues and have not been presented before. They are also provided for aggregated categories of organs to facilitate epidemiological studies.
Phase-field crystal study on the influence of nanoscale intergranular structures on grain boundary segregation
Authors: Su Shasha , Tang Sai , Liang Chaoping , Ma Yunzhu , Liu Wensheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Grain boundary (GB) segregation can substantially affect the performance of materials by greatly changing the chemical compositions of GB. It is well known that GB segregation is essentially attributed to the structural differences between the bulk of grain and GB. Nevertheless, we still lack a clear understanding about the correlation between nanoscale intergranular structures and solute segregation. In this work, by using the phase-field crystal model, we performed atomic scale simulations to investigate the segregation of Li atoms to symmetric ⟨110⟩ tilt GBs in binary Al–Li alloys. It was found that the amount of segregated solute increases proportionally to GB misorientation angle in the case of low-angle tilt GBs, and converges at high-angle tilt GBs, except some special GBs with coincidence-site lattice. This is analogous to the dependences of GB energy and density on the misorientation angle. The correlations among GB structure, misfit strain around GBs and solute segregation are quantified at atomic scale. In low-angle tilt GBs, Li atoms are segregated to the compress zone around the core of intergranular dislocations to release the misfit strain energy. In the general high-angle tilt GBs, since the GB structure and misfit strain energy is uniform, the segregated atoms distribute homogeneously along GB. Particularly, the regular arrangement of structural units in some low Σ GBs lead to very low misfit strain energy, and accordingly to a periodically distributed and very low amount of solute segregation.
Thermally propagated Al contacts on SiGe nanowires characterized by electron beam induced current in a scanning transmission electron microscope
Authors: Conlan Aidan P , Luong Minh Anh , Gentile Pascal , Moldovan Grigore , Den Hertog Martien I , Monroy Eva , Cooper David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Here, we use electron beam induced current (EBIC) in a scanning transmission electron microscope to characterize the structure and electronic properties of Al/SiGe and Al/Si-rich/SiGe axial nanowire heterostructures fabricated by thermal propagation of Al in a SiGe nanowire. The two heterostructures behave as Schottky contacts with different barrier heights. From the sign of the beam induced current collected at the contacts, the intrinsic semiconductor doping is determined to be n-type. Furthermore, we find that the silicon-rich double interface presents a lower barrier height than the atomically sharp SiGe/Al interface. With an applied bias, the Si-rich region delays the propagation of the depletion region and presents a reduced free carrier diffusion length with respect to the SiGe nanowire. This behaviour could be explained by a higher residual doping in the Si-rich area. These results demonstrate that scanning transmission electron microscopy EBIC is a powerful method for mapping and quantifying electric fields in micrometer- and nanometer-scale devices.
Optical and structural properties of europium doped Y–Al–O compounds grown by microwave driven hydrothermal technique
Authors: Cichocka Nikola , Kobyakov Serhiy , Kaszewski Jaroslaw , Reszka Anna , Minikayev Roman , Sobczak Kamil , Choinska Emilia , Kaminska Agata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Perovskites, garnets, monoclinic forms, and lately also oxyhydroxides doped with rare-earth ions have been drawn large attention due to their beneficial optical and photovoltaic properties. In this work, we have shown that several forms of crystals from Y–Al–O family can be synthesized using microwave driven hydrothermal technique using different pH and post-growth annealing at different temperatures. The structural and optical properties of these crystals were investigated as a function of hydrothermal crystallization conditions. For this purpose, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and photoluminescence excitation studies were performed. All the structures have been doped with Eu3+ ions which are known as a local symmetry sensor because various symmetries generate different crystal fields and thus affect their luminescence spectra. The optical properties of the obtained nanoparticles in correlation with their structure and chemical composition are discussed.
Key designs of a short-bore and cryogen-free high temperature superconducting magnet system for 14 T whole-body MRI
Authors: Li Yi , Roell Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 14 T whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet is designed with Bi2223 high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire. Owing to the large critical current and large critical tensile strength of the wire type HT-NX at ultra-high field, the magnet is optimized in a compact shape with length of 1.9 m and outer diameter of 1.3 m. It is in the form of stacked double pancakes (DPs) with total wire consumption of 455 km. The DPs with various inner and outer radii enable the electromagnetic design to obtain highly homogeneous field of 1.5 ppm over 400 mm diameter of spherical volume (DSV). Hoopstress by winding process, thermal contraction and Lorenz force is calculated and below the wire strength specification. Considerable reduction of screening current effect in MRI magnet application is proved by a calculation example. Field homogeneity as it is influenced by various systematic tolerances and random geometric tolerances is numerically estimated, for further design optimization and design of shimming system. Iron room for passive shielding with dimension of 5 × 5 × 10 m is found to be with wall thickness of around 30 cm to effectively contain the 5-Gauss field to the wall surface. Cooling strategy for cryogen-free technique is proposed and the magnet coils temperature is calculated as below 8 K based on the estimation of joint Ohmic heating power of 1.0 W. Quench protection adopts circuit subdivision and dumping resistors to restrict the maximum voltage below 1.9 kV. No-insulation technique for the quench protection is also discussed. Some other wire candidates like REBCO and Nb3Sn for development of such ultra-high field MRI magnets are commented.
Weak cosmic censorship conjecture in Kerr-Newman-(anti-)de Sitter black hole with charged scalar field
Authors: Gwak Bogeun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in extremal and near-extremal Kerr-Newman-(anti-)de Sitter black holes by the scattering of a massive scalar field with an electric charge. Under this scattering, the scalar field fluxes change the black hole state, as determined by the mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. The black hole may exceed its extremal condition because of these changes. However, we find that the black hole cannot be overcharged or overspun by the scattering. In particular, although the fluxes are closely associated with the asymptotic boundary conditions along the flat, anti-de Sitter, and de Sitter spacetimes, the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is valid for any scalar field boundary conditions. Moreover, the validity of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is thermodynamically preferred for this scattering.
Mechanism of primordial black holes production and secondary gravitational waves in α-attractor Galileon inflationary scenario
Authors: Teimoori Zeinab , Rezazadeh Kazem , Rasheed Mariwan Ahmed , Karami Kayoomars 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the process of the Primordial Black Holes (PBHs)
production in the novel framework, namely α-attractor
Galileon inflation (G-inflation) model. In our framework, we take
the Galileon function as
G(ϕ)=GI
(ϕ)(1+GII
(ϕ)), where the part
GI
(ϕ) is motivated from the α-attractor inflationary
scenario in its original non-canonical frame, and it ensures for the
model to be consistent with the Planck 2018 observations at the CMB
scales. The part GII
(ϕ) is invoked to enhance the curvature
perturbations at some smaller scales which in turn gives rise to
PBHs formation. By fine-tuning of the model parameters, we find
three parameter sets which successfully produce a sufficiently large
peak in the curvature power spectrum. We show that these parameter
sets produce PBHs with masses 𝒪(10)M
☉, 𝒪(10-5)M
☉, and 𝒪(10-13)M
☉ which can
explain the LIGO events, the ultrashort-timescale microlensing
events in OGLE data, and around 0.98% of the current Dark Matter
(DM) content of the universe, respectively. Additionally, we study
the secondary Gravitational Waves (GWs) in our setup and show that
our model anticipates the peak of their present fractional energy
density as ΩGW0
∼ 10-8 for all the three
parameter sets, but at different frequencies. These predictions can
be located well inside the sensitivity region of some GWs detectors,
and therefore the compatibility of our model can be assessed in
light of the future data. We further estimate the tilts of the
included GWs spectrum in the different ranges of frequency, and
confirm that spectrum follows the power-law relation ΩGW0
∼ fn
in those frequency bands.
A spin-less particle on a rotating curved surface in Minkowski space
Authors: Cheng Run , Wang Li , Zhao Hao , Luo Cui-Bai , Wang Yong-Long , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Minkowski space



, we derive the effective Schrödinger equation describing a spin-less particle confined to a rotating curved surface



. Using the thin-layer quantization formalism to constrain the particle on



, we obtain the relativity-corrected geometric potential

V

g

′

, and a novel effective potential

V

˜

g

related to both the Gaussian curvature and the geodesic curvature of the rotating surface. The Coriolis effect and the centrifugal potential also appear in the equation. Subsequently, we apply the surface Schrödinger equation to a rotating cylinder, sphere and torus surfaces, in which we find that the interplays between the rotation and surface geometry can contribute to the energy spectrum based on the potentials they offer.
Effect of dark energy models on the energy content of charged and rotating black holes
Authors: Liaqat Asia , Hussain Ibrar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The energy content of the charged-Kerr (CK) spacetime surrounded by dark energy (DE) is investigated using approximate Lie symmetry methods for the differential equations. For this, we consider three different DE scenarios: cosmological constant with an equation of state parameter

, quintessence DE with an equation of state parameter

, and a frustrated network of cosmic strings with an equation of state parameter

. To study the gravitational energy of the CK black hole surrounded by the DE, we explore the symmetries of the 2nd-order perturbed geodesic equations. It is noticed, for all the values of ω, the exact symmetries are recovered as 2nd-order approximate trivial symmetries. These trivial approximate symmetries give the rescaling of arc length parameter s in this spacetime which indicates that the energy in the underlying spacetime has to be rescaled by a factor that depends on the black hole parameters and the DE parameter. This rescaling factor is compared with the factor of the CK spacetime found in [Hussain et al. Gen. Relativ. Gravit. (2009)] and the effects of the DE on it are discussed. It is observed that for all the three values of the equation of state parameter ω, the effect of DE results in decreased energy content of the black hole spacetime, regardless of values of the charge Q, spin a and the DE parameter α. This reduction in the energy content due to the involvement of the DE favours the idea of mass reduction of black holes by accretion of DE given by [Babichev et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. (2004)].
An overview of magneto-inertial fusion on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories
Authors: Yager-Elorriaga D.A. , Gomez M.R. , Ruiz D.E. , Slutz S.A. , Harvey-Thompson A.J. , Jennings C.A. , Knapp P.F. , Schmit P.F. , Weis M.R. , Awe T.J. , Chandler G.A. , Mangan M. , Myers C.E. , Fein J.R. , Galloway B.R. , Geissel M. , Glinsky M.E. , Hansen S.B. , Harding E.C. , Lamppa D.C. , Lewis W.E. , Rambo P.K. , Robertson G.K. , Savage M.E. , Shipley G.A. , Smith I.C. , Schwarz J. , Ampleford D.J. , Beckwith K. , Peterson K.J. , Porter J.L. , Rochau G.A. , Sinars D.B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present an overview of the magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) concept Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) pursued at Sandia National Laboratories and review some of the most prominent results since the initial experiments in 2013. In MagLIF, a centimeter-scale beryllium tube or ‘liner’ is filled with a fusion fuel, axially pre-magnetized, laser pre-heated, and finally imploded using up to 20 MA from the Z machine. All of these elements are necessary to generate a thermonuclear plasma: laser preheating raises the initial temperature of the fuel, the electrical current implodes the liner and quasi-adiabatically compresses the fuel via the Lorentz force, and the axial magnetic field limits thermal conduction from the hot plasma to the cold liner walls during the implosion. MagLIF is the first MIF concept to demonstrate fusion relevant temperatures, significant fusion production (>1013 primary DD neutron yield), and magnetic trapping of charged fusion particles. On a 60 MA next-generation pulsed-power machine, two-dimensional simulations suggest that MagLIF has the potential to generate multi-MJ yields with significant self-heating, a long-term goal of the US Stockpile Stewardship Program. At currents exceeding 65 MA, the high gains required for fusion energy could be achievable.
RETRACTED: Design and Development of Temperature Measurement and Control System Based on Mcu under the Background of Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Internet of things technology is a new technology recently developed, it also belongs to an area of information technology, and its appearance makes it means more perfect and mature. At present, industrial automation is the trend of the development of the present era, and the single chip microcomputer is the core of industrial automation. It is the core system of process control, process monitoring and Mechatronics integrated control of industrial automation. With the rapid development of single chip microcomputer, especially the hardware of MCU. These changes have brought great changes to the development language of SCM software. The development of SCM control system to intelligent control gradually improves the development efficiency of the system, and also ensures the quality of products. In order to explore the application effect of Internet of things technology in the TMACS(temperature measurement and control system) design and development of single chip microcomputer, we choose h and G factories as experimental research objects, among which h factory applies Internet of things technology in its single chip microcomputer working system, and factory g still adopts conventional methods. From the experimental results, we can see that the accuracy of H plant is up to 95%, while the highest accuracy rate of plant G is only 75%, which is 20% lower than that of H plant.
Improving physical parameters estimation in the single-beam multiple-intensity reconstruction
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Duan Yaxuan , Da Zhengshang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The iterative phase retrieval based on phase diversity technologies can solve the stagnation problem of Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm which performs Fourier transform to iterate back and forth between the object and spectral planes with known constraints. However, the application of phase diversity technologies in iterative phase retrieval methods will bring in multiple physical parameters such as distances or wavelengths. The measured accuracy of these physical parameters will ultimately affect the accuracy of the iterative phase retrieval methods. In this paper, a physical parameters estimation method which has the advantages of high global convergence and local convergence is proposed to improve the accuracy of iterative phase retrieval methods. Meanwhile, this method is introduced in the single-beam multiple-intensity reconstruction (SBMIR), termed PE-SBMIR, and its performance is verified by simulations and experiments. By simulating multiple sets of distance parameters with errors, the retrieved accuracy using PE-SBMIR can be improved by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with SBMIR. Experimental results show that whether it is an amplitude-type object or phase-type object, the accuracy using PE-SBMIR is significantly higher than using SBMIR. The physical parameters estimation method proposed in this paper may be adopted in other iterative phase retrieval methods using phase diversity technologies.
Numerical study of polarization evolution governed by linear birefringence, twist-induced circular birefringence and nonlinear birefringence in a single-mode optical fiber
Authors: Ibarra-Villalon H E , Pottiez O , Gómez-Vieyra A , Lauterio-Cruz J P , Bracamontes-Rodriguez Y E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This tutorial presents a numerical analysis of continuous wave and ultrashort pulse evolution through a twisted single-mode optical fiber, modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this model, the polarization evolutions of the continuous wave and the pulse profile are studied by the changes in ellipticity and ellipse rotation, which are driven by the inherent linear birefringence of the optical fiber, the induced nonlinear birefringence due to the centrosymmetric response of the fiber and the induced circular birefringence due to a uniform twist applied along the fiber. In particular, the role of each birefringence effect is studied in detail. As a result, it is pointed out that a large uniform twist rate allows viewing the optical fiber as an isotropic waveguide that preserves ellipticity. On the other hand, a saturable absorber mechanism based on a linear polarizer and the ellipse rotation in a twisted fiber, which introduces a nonlinear transmission characteristic that is part of the principles of operation of the mode-locked fiber lasers, is analyzed in order to illustrate the applicability of this numerical study.
The propagation dynamics and stability of an intense laser beam in a radial power-law plasma channel
Authors: HONG Xueren , ZHANG Desheng , GAO Jiming , TANG Rongan , GUO Peng , XUE Jukui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
By containing ponderomotive self-channeling, the propagation behavior of an intense laser beam and the physical conditions are obtained theoretically in a radial power-law plasma channel. It is found that ponderomotive self-channeling results in the emergence of a solitary wave and catastrophic focusing, which apparently decreases the region for stable propagation in a parameter space of laser power and the ratio of the initial laser spot radius to the channel radius (RLC). Direct numerical simulation confirms the theory of constant propagation, periodic defocusing and focusing oscillations in the parameter space, and reveals a radial instability which prevents the formation of bright and dark solitary waves. The corresponding unstable critical curve is added in the parameter space numerically and the induced unstable region above the unstable critical curve covers that of catastrophic focusing, which shrinks the stable region for laser beams. For the expected constant propagation, the results reveal the need for a low RLC. Further study illustrates that the channel power-law exponent has an obvious effect on the final stable region and laser propagation, for example increasing this exponent can enlarge the stable region significantly, which is beneficial for guiding of the laser and increases the lowest RLC for constant propagation. Our results also show that the initial laser amplitude has an apparent influence on the propagation behavior.
Fighting over defense chemicals disrupts mating behavior
Authors: Paul Sarah Catherine , Müller Caroline 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studies on intraspecific contest behavior predominantly focus on contests between individuals of the same sex, however contest behavior is also expected to occur between individuals of the opposite sex including possible mates. Here we investigate potential trade-offs between mating and fighting behavior in the turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae). Adults of this species collect chemical defense compounds (clerodanoids) directly from plants but also indirectly by nibbling on conspecifics that have already obtained clerodanoids, a highly aggressive behavioral interaction. An A. rosae individual without clerodanoids may therefore be the potential mate or attacker of an individual of the opposite sex that has gained clerodanoids. To test the effect of clerodanoids on agonistic and mating behavior we paired females and males with or without clerodanoid access in a two-way factorial design. We show that asymmetrical clerodanoid acquisition between female-male pairs causes an increase in agonistic nibbling behavior, irrespective of sex, and moreover that conflict between individuals delays mating behavior. Our study highlights the importance of investigating agonistic intersex interactions, which can occur when adults are able to acquire valuable non-reproductive resources from a potential partner.