bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key summary of German national treatment guidance for hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Malin Jakob J. , Spinner Christoph D. , Janssens Uwe , Welte Tobias , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Schälte Gereon , Gastmeier Petra , Langer Florian , Wepler Martin , Westhoff Michael , Pfeifer Michael , Rabe Klaus F. , Hoffmann Florian , Böttiger Bernd W. , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Kersten Alexander , Berlit Peter , Krawczyk Marcin , Nehls Wiebke , Fichtner Falk , Laudi Sven , Stegemann Miriam , Skoetz Nicole , Nothacker Monika , Marx Gernot , Karagiannidis Christian , Kluge Stefan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This executive summary of a national living guideline aims to provide rapid evidence based recommendations on the role of drug interventions in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods
The guideline makes use of a systematic assessment and decision process using an evidence to decision framework (GRADE) as recommended standard WHO (2021). Recommendations are consented by an interdisciplinary panel. Evidence analysis and interpretation is supported by the CEOsys project providing extensive literature searches and living (meta-) analyses. For this executive summary, selected key recommendations on drug therapy are presented including the quality of the evidence and rationale for the level of recommendation.

Results
The guideline contains 11 key recommendations for COVID-19 drug therapy, eight of which are based on systematic review and/or meta-analysis, while three recommendations represent consensus expert opinion. Based on current evidence, the panel makes strong recommendations for corticosteroids (WHO scale 5–9) and prophylactic anticoagulation (all hospitalized patients with COVID-19) as standard of care. Intensified anticoagulation may be considered for patients with additional risk factors for venous thromboembolisms (VTE) and a low bleeding risk. The IL-6 antagonist tocilizumab may be added in case of high supplemental oxygen requirement and progressive disease (WHO scale 5–6). Treatment with nMABs may be considered for selected inpatients with an early SARS-CoV-2 infection that are not hospitalized for COVID-19. Convalescent plasma, azithromycin, ivermectin or vitamin D3 should not be used in COVID-19 routine care.

Conclusion
For COVID-19 drug therapy, there are several options that are sufficiently supported by evidence. The living guidance will be updated as new evidence emerges.
Electrification of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Ground Transportation: Status Report
Authors: Fleming Kelly L. , Brown Austin L. , Fulton Lew , Miller Marshall 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe medium- and heavy-duty vehicle sectors are responsible for an outsized portion of greenhouse gas emissions and harmful particulate emissions. Decarbonizing this sector is challenging and extremely necessary. This paper provides an overview of the current and future state of electrifying this sector.Recent FindingsRecent research has shown that zero-emission vehicles used for medium- and heavy-duty applications are available and cost-saving over their lifetimes. This is especially true for buses and delivery trucks.SummaryElectrification of the medium- and heavy-duty sector is critical and is possible in the next 2 decades with complementary policies at the federal level in the USA.
Die Knochenmarker BSP, CTX und NTX und deren Publikationscharakteristika im Rahmen einer bibliometrischen Analyse
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Wanke E. , Bendels M. H. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht zu den Knochenmarkern Knochen-Sialoprotein (BSP), carboxyterminales Typ-I-Kollagen-Telopeptid (CTX) und N‑aminoterminales Typ-I-Kollagen-Telopeptid (NTX) wird im Rahmen der Serie „Tumormarker“ des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. BSP, CTX und NTX eignen sich grundsätzlich nicht für solche Vorsorgen, sondern sind Marker zur Therapie‑, Verlaufs- und Rezidivkontrolle von Knochenmetastasen. Unabhängig davon ist über diese Marker vielfach publiziert worden, wobei sich zudem eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität zeigt. Die Marker eignen sich aber auf keinen Fall als Screening-Parameter zur Frühdiagnostik und sollten hier nicht eingesetzt werden.
The Influence of Electric-Arc-Furnace Input Feeds on its Electrical Energy Consumption
Authors: Logar Vito , Škrjanc Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOperation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap time, steel yield, and others. In this paper, a more detailed analysis of the electric arc furnace data is performed, investigating its EEC. It is well known that the EEC is affected by the weight and the type of charged scrap, the operational delays, and the tapping temperature. On the other hand, one can also deduce that the feeds, such as the carbon and the oxygen, could also affect the EEC, due to their role in redox equations and impact to the bath energy balance. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio during the electric arc furnace operation and the consequent influence of the oxygen availability on the EEC. Statistical analysis of more than 2500 heats of data, which were clustered according to the produced steel grade and the charged scrap mixture, has revealed that besides the beforementioned factors, fluctuations in EEC could appear also due to different amounts of added carbon and oxygen. Since the furnace operators usually rely on predefined guidelines and their own experience when actuating the furnace, a simplistic statistical approach can be used to reveal some of the weaknesses in the control routines, which can be used as a starting point to improve their actuation, leading to decreased energy consumption.
Graphical Abstract
Historia Augusta authorship: an approach based on Measurements of Complex Networks
Authors: Martins Armando , Grácio Clara , Teixeira Cláudia , Pimenta Rodrigues Irene , Zapata Juan Luís Garcia , Ferreira Lígia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we analyze in detail the topology of the written language network using co-occurrence of words to recognize authorship. The Latin texts object of this study are excerpts from Historia Augusta, a collection of biographies of Roman emperors extending from Hadrian, who started to reign in 117 CE, to Carus and his sons Numerian and Carinus, that is, to the years up 284–285 CE. According to the manuscript tradition, the biographies are attributed to six different authors. Scholarship since the late 19th century has been arguing for a single authorship instead. The aim of this paper is to verify this hypothesis.
Semiparametric likelihood inference for heterogeneous survival data under double truncation based on a Poisson birth process
Authors: Dörre Achim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a selective sampling scheme in which survival data are observed during a data collection period if and only if a specific failure event is experienced. Individual units belong to one of a finite number of subpopulations, which may exhibit different survival behaviour, and thus cause heterogeneity. Based on a Poisson process model for individual emergence of population units, we derive a semiparametric likelihood model, in which the birth distribution is modeled nonparametrically and the lifetime distributions parametrically, and define maximum likelihood estimators. We propose a Newton–Raphson-type optimization method to address numerical challenges caused by the high-dimensional parameter space. The finite-sample properties and computational performance of the proposed algorithms are assessed in a simulation study. Personal insolvencies are studied as a special case of double truncation and we fit the semiparametric model to a medium-sized dataset to estimate the mean age at insolvency and the birth distribution of the underlying population.
Ultrasound-assisted aqua-mediated synthesis of multi-substituted tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylates using N-carboxymethyl-3-pyridinium hydrogensulfate ([N-CH2CO2H-3-pic]+HSO4−) as a new efficient ionic liquid catalyst
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Shahriyari Fatemeh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA simple, straightforward, and ultrasound-promoted method for the preparation of some highly functionalized tetrahydropyridines reported via pseudo five-component reaction of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes, different anilines, and alkyl acetoacetates in the presence of [N-CH2CO2H-3-pic]+HSO4−, as a novel ionic liquid, in green aqueous medium. The IL was synthesized utilizing simple and easily-handled substrates and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC-MASS, FESEM, EDX, and TGA/DTG techniques. The procedure contains some highlighted aspects which are: (a) performing the MCR in the presence of aqua and sonic waves, as two main important and environmentally benign indexes in green and economic chemistry, (b) high yields of products within short reaction times, (c) convenient work-up procedure, (d) preparing the new IL via simple substrates and procedure.
Multi-objective optimization of heating system for rapid thermal cycling molding mold with internal induction heating
Authors: Xiao Cheng-Long , Kahve Cemi , Fu Chun-Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA rapid thermal cycling molding (RTCM) with novel internal induction heating mode is proposed in this work. The induction coils are directly inserted in the corresponding mounting holes of mold with an annular gap in between. During mold heating, eddy current losses confined at the walls of the mounting holes act as thermal sources to rapidly heat the mold cavity surface. Water passed through the annular gaps can be utilized to cool the mold in the cooling stage. Moreover, a design framework of the internal induction heating system in the RTCM mold is also developed. Firstly, a unit cell model of the mold was established to evaluate mold thermal response via numerical simulations, in which the effect of frequency and magnitude of coil current, the layout of induction coils and the annular gap size were examined. Then, a hybrid multi-objective optimization method was applied to optimize the induction heating system for the unit cell model. Finally, based on the obtained optimal parameters, a novel design strategy was adopted to conformally arrange the induction coils for the industrial RTCM molds. The blow mold of automotive spoiler was taken as an example to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the present approach cannot only improve the mold thermal response performance, but also facilitate the mold heating system design process. This work may provide an effective method to realize RTCM of industrial plastics parts with free-form shape.
Effect of cobalt (nickel) oxide on the properties of zinc–titanium sorbents for high temperature desulphurization of model coal gas
Authors: Chomiak M. , Trawczyński J. , Zawadzki M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZn–Ti–Co(Ni) sorbents for H2S removal from model hot coal were prepared and characterized. Effects of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) on the sorbents texture, structure, H2S sorption capacity and regeneration properties were determined. TiO2 formed mixed metal oxides with CoO and NiO in the fresh sorbents, while TiO2 and nanocrystalline sulfides of Zn, Co, Ni were found in sulphided ones. The oxidative regeneration of sulphided sorbents re-formed mixed oxides. Sorption capacity of studied materials increased along with an increase of the amount of added Co (Ni) and also with the number of work cycles. Co-doped Zn–Ti materials adsorbed up to 244% more sulfur than these of Zn–Ti, while Ni-doped materials adsorbed ca. twice more H2S than the corresponding Co-doped sorbents. The addition of Co (Ni) decreased the temperature of ZnS oxidation. The catalytic effect of the Co (Ni) oxides on the oxidation of ZnS was suggested.
The application of in silico experimental model in the assessment of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin interaction with main SARS-CoV-2 targets: S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLpro)—preliminary molecular docking analysis
Authors: Marciniec Krzysztof , Beberok Artur , Boryczka Stanisław , Wrześniok Dorota 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified at the end of 2019. Despite growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in virology as well as many molecular studies, except remdesivir, no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug has been officially approved.MethodsIn the present study molecular docking technique was applied to test binding affinity of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin—two commercially available fluoroquinolones, to SARS-CoV-2 S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO). Chloroquine and dexamethasone were used as reference positive controls.ResultsWhen analyzing the molecular docking data it was noticed that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin possess lower binding energy with S protein as compared to the references. In the case of TMPRSS2 protein and PLPROprotease the best docked ligand was levofloxacin and in the case of E proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase the best docked ligands were levofloxacin and dexamethasone. Moreover, a molecular dynamics study also reveals that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin form a stable complex with E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO).ConclusionsThe revealed data indicate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin could interact and potentially inhibit crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
Evangelicals in the Latin American political arena: the cases of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay
Authors: Sotelo María Victoria , Arocena Felipe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe advance of evangelical congregations in the Latin American religious scene is one of the most significant cultural transformations of the last decades. It is so because of the speed with which it has occurred, because of the important number of people involved and because of the depth with which it challenges the Catholic Church, one of the most emblematic institutions of the continent since the conquest. In this paper, we analyze one of the areas in which this religious revolution is manifesting itself in three different countries. We address the changing relationships between evangelicals and politics in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay and prove that, despite the enormous differences among these three countries, there are clear similarities in the political agendas that evangelicals support. Nevertheless, we also show the different articulations that Evangelicals have carried out in the political arena in each case. The Evangelical churches in Brazil have advanced much more in this sense than in Argentina, with Uruguay being the intermediate situation. For this, we will base ourselves on a bibliographic review of research, in statistical data from the Latinobarometer, together with specific in-depth interviews.
There Is No Distinctively Semantic Circularity Objection to Humean Laws
Authors: Kovacs David Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHumeans identify the laws of nature with universal generalizations that systematize rather than govern the particular matters of fact. Humeanism is frequently accused of circularity: laws explain their instances, but Humean laws are, in turn, grounded by those instances. Unfortunately, this argument trades on controversial assumptions about grounding and explanation that Humeans routinely reject. However, recently an ostensibly semantic circularity objection has been offered, which seeks to avoid reading such assumptions into the Humean view. This paper argues that the new semantic version tacitly relies on the familiar metaphysical one and, therefore, it ultimately brings nothing new to the table.
The regularizing, analogical effect of metathesis in Modern Ch'ol (Mayan): The cases of 7ejk'ach ‘fingernail, claw’ and 7ik'oty ‘with, and’
Authors: Mora-Marín David F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article examines two instances of metathesis that have occurred in Ch'ol (Mayan) since the late 18th century. While at first, they may seem to be cases of irregular, sporadic change, a closer look at constraints involving ejective consonants within disyllabic and trisyllabic roots or stems suggests that these cases conform to a regular pattern within Ch'ol, and more generally, Mayan languages, in which reflexes of *q’ or *k’ are preferred in medial position in disyllabic roots with a medial glottalized consonant. The data support Hume's (2004) attestation assumption for metathesis, as well as Hock's (1985) structural motivation.
Threat or Corrective? Assessing the Impact of Populist Parties in Government on the Qualities of Democracy: A 19-Country Comparison
Authors: Vittori Davide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScholars have long debated whether populism harms or improves the quality of democracy. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on the impact of populist parties in government. In particular, it inquires: (1) whether populists in government are more likely than non-populists to negatively affect the quality of democracies; (2) whether the role of populists in government matters; and (3) which type of populism is expected to negatively affect the quality of liberal-democratic regimes. The results find strong evidence that the role of populists in government affects several qualities of democracy. While robust, the findings related to (2) are less clear-cut than those pertaining to (1). Finally, regardless of their role in government, different types of populism have different impacts on the qualities of democracy. The results show that exclusionary populist parties in government tend to have more of a negative impact than other forms of populism.
Average-case complexity of the Euclidean algorithm with a fixed polynomial over a finite field
Authors: Giménez Nardo , Matera Guillermo , Pérez Mariana , Privitelli Melina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyse the behaviour of the Euclidean algorithm applied to pairs (g,f) of univariate nonconstant polynomials over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
of q elements when the highest degree polynomial g is fixed. Considering all the elements f of fixed degree, we establish asymptotically optimal bounds in terms of q for the number of elements f that are relatively prime with g and for the average degree of
$\gcd(g,f)$
. We also exhibit asymptotically optimal bounds for the average-case complexity of the Euclidean algorithm applied to pairs (g,f) as above.
Septin4 promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis by enhancing the VHL-mediated degradation of HIF-1α
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Zhang Ying , You Shilong , Lu Saien , Zhang Naijin , Sun Yingxian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeptin4, a protein localized at mitochondrion, can promote cells apoptosis mainly by binding XIAP (X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis), however, nothing is known about the role and mechanism of Septin4 in cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Here in the current study, we report that HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha) is a novel interacting protein with Septin4 at Septin4-GTPase domain. In addition, Septin4 enhances the binding between HIF-1α and the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein) to down-regulate HIF-1α, and by reducing cardio-protective factor HIF-1α levels, Septin4 aggravated the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. We believe these findings will be beneficial to provide effective strategies for clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia and the subsequent injury caused by myocardial hypoxia.
Central amygdala micro-circuits mediate fear extinction
Authors: Whittle Nigel , Fadok Jonathan , MacPherson Kathryn P. , Nguyen Robin , Botta Paolo , Wolff Steffen B. E. , Müller Christian , Herry Cyril , Tovote Philip , Holmes Andrew , Singewald Nicolas , Lüthi Andreas , Ciocchi Stéphane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFear extinction is an adaptive process whereby defensive responses are attenuated following repeated experience of prior fear-related stimuli without harm. The formation of extinction memories involves interactions between various corticolimbic structures, resulting in reduced central amygdala (CEA) output. Recent studies show, however, the CEA is not merely an output relay of fear responses but contains multiple neuronal subpopulations that interact to calibrate levels of fear responding. Here, by integrating behavioural, in vivo electrophysiological, anatomical and optogenetic approaches in mice we demonstrate that fear extinction produces reversible, stimulus- and context-specific changes in neuronal responses to conditioned stimuli in functionally and genetically defined cell types in the lateral (CEl) and medial (CEm) CEA. Moreover, we show these alterations are absent when extinction is deficient and that selective silencing of protein kinase C delta-expressing (PKCδ) CEl neurons impairs fear extinction. Our findings identify CEA inhibitory microcircuits that act as critical elements within the brain networks mediating fear extinction.
A membrane-free flow electrolyzer operating at high current density using earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Biemolt Jasper , Zhao Kai , Zhao Yang , Cao Xiaojuan , Yang Ying , Wu Xiaoyu , Rothenberg Gadi , Yan Ning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the most sustainable approaches for generating hydrogen. Because of the inherent constraints associated with the architecture and materials, the conventional alkaline water electrolyzer and the emerging proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are suffering from low efficiency and high materials/operation costs, respectively. Herein, we design a membrane-free flow electrolyzer, featuring a sandwich-like architecture and a cyclic operation mode, for decoupled overall water splitting. Comprised of two physically-separated compartments with flowing H2-rich catholyte and O2-rich anolyte, the cell delivers H2 with a purity >99.1%. Its low internal ohmic resistance, highly active yet affordable bifunctional catalysts and efficient mass transport enable the water splitting at current density of 750 mA cm−2 biased at 2.1 V. The eletrolyzer works equally well both in deionized water and in regular tap water. This work demonstrates the opportunity of combining the advantages of different electrolyzer concepts for water splitting via cell architecture and materials design, opening pathways for sustainable hydrogen generation.