bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should you pursue your passion as a career? Cultural differences in the emphasis on passion in career decisions
Authors: O'Keefe Paul A. , Horberg E. J. , Chen Patricia , Savani Krishna 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAre there cultural differences in the extent to which people believe they should follow their passion when pursuing a career? Three experiments demonstrated that people from the United States, which is a more independent culture, evaluate pursuing a passion as a career more favorably than those from Singapore, a less independent culture. When evaluating others who decided to pursue a passion (vs. a non‐passion) as a career, Americans were more likely than Singaporeans to endorse this decision, and to expect subsequent positive outcomes, such as future success and fulfillment (Studies 1–3). This difference was due to Americans' stronger belief that passions are inherently motivating (Studies 1 and 2), and to Singaporeans' stronger belief that passions can be problematic at times, such as when they conflict with obligations (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, the extent to which participants pursued a passion as a career in their own lives predicted their life satisfaction more strongly for Americans than for Singaporeans (Study 3). These findings challenge the idea that pursuing a passion is a universally valued career philosophy and instead suggest that it is culturally constructed.
Use of Trichoderma koningiopsis chitinase to enhance the insecticidal activity of Beauveria bassiana against Diatraea saccharalis
Authors: Mejía Cindy , Ardila Harold D. , Espinel Carlos , Brandão Pedro F. B. , Villamizar Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrichoderma is a well‐known soil‐borne fungus, highly efficient producer of extracellular enzymes including chitinases. The aim of this study was to recover a chitinase from fermentation waste after harvesting Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 conidia and assess its potential as an enhancer of Beauveria bassiana insecticidal activity against Diatraea saccharalis. T. koningiopsis was produced by solid fermentation, conidia were harvested, and a crude extract (CE) was recovered by washing the residual substrate (rice:wheat bran). The partially purified chitinase (PPC) (75 kDa product) with N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase activity was obtained by chromatography to 29.3‐fold with optimal activity at pH 5 and 55°C. Both the CE and the PPC were mixed with B. bassiana Bv062 conidia and assessed in a bioassay against D. saccharalis larvae. The CE and PPC from T. koningiopsis Th003 did not affect the germination or viability of B. bassiana conidia and enhanced its insecticidal activity when used at 0.06 U/ml enzymatic activity with a 24.5% reduction in B. bassiana lethal time (LT90). This study demonstrated the potential of chitinases produced by T. koningiopsis in solid fermentation to be recovered from the waste substrate and used as an additive to enhance B. bassiana, adding value to the main waste from the Trichoderma biopesticide/biofertilizer industries.
A putative redox‐sensing regulator Rex regulates lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis
Authors: Hou Bingbing , Wang Ruida , Zou Jingyun , Zhang Feixue , Wu Haizhen , Ye Jiang , Zhang Huizhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLincomycin is an important antimicrobial agent which is widely used in clinical and animal husbandry. The biosynthetic pathway of lincomycin comes to light in the past 10 years, however, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a redox‐sensing regulator Rex from Streptomyces lincolnensis (Rexlin) was identified and characterized to affect cell growth and lincomycin biosynthesis. Disruption of rex resulted in an increase in cell growth, but a decrease in lincomycin production. The results of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that Rexlin can promote transcription of the regulatory gene lmbU and the structural genes lmbA, lmbC, lmbJ, lmbV, and lmbW. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis demonstrated that Rexlin can not bind to the promoter regions of these genes above. Findings in this study broadened our horizons in the regulatory mechanism of lincomycin production and laid a foundation for strain improvement of antibiotic producers.
Phycoremediation of nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater using Picochlorum sp.: A tenable approach
Authors: Goswami Rahul K. , Agrawal Komal , Verma Pradeep 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe wastewater originates from different industrial, municipal, and agriculture processes and contains different nitrogen sources, for example, nitrate, ammonium, nitrite, and phosphate such as inorganic and organic sources. The discharge of high nitrate and phosphate to the ecosystem or nearby water bodies can cause eutrophication which disbalances the aquatic ecosystem. Furthermore, ingestion of these pollutants can cause severe toxicity and disease to humans and animals. Thus, from an environmental and social perspective, its treatment is essential with no negative impact on the ecosystem. Microalgae are fundamental, mixotrophic microorganisms that treat different wastewater and utilize nitrate and phosphate in the medium as a source of nutrients. Among them, Picochlorum sp., have the potential to remove nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater. The biomass produced by Picochlorum sp. can be a promising candidate as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts formation. Thus, the present review provides a brief knowledge and understanding about the concentration of nitrogen and phosphate in different wastewater, their negative impacts, and the uptake mechanism of microalgae. Furthermore, the review also provides an insight into Picochlorum sp., and the effects of different physiological and nutritional factors on their growth, wastewater treatment efficacy, and biomass for value‐added products and biorefinery applications. In addition, the review is useful to understand the potential of Picochlorum sp. for a tenable wastewater treatment process.
Gypsum and pressmud amelioration improve soil organic carbon storage and stability in sodic agroecosystems
Authors: Basak Nirmalendu , Sheoran Parvender , Sharma Raman , Yadav Rajender Kumar , Singh Ranjay K. , Kumar Satyendra , Krishnamurthy Thimmappa , Sharma Parbodh C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalinity–induced land degradation poses a threat to environment and food production globally. Farmers' participatory research (2014–18) was carried out to assess the potential of gypsum (Gyp) and pressmud (PM) in alleviating the sodicity stress, and improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and its stability in the Trans Indo–Gangetic Plains of India. Intensive rice–wheat cultivation using alkali water increased soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and bulk density (BD) causing a net depletion in SOC. Gypsum (supplies soluble Ca2+) and pressmud (mobilizes native CaCO3) mediated amelioration (Gyp + PM) significantly decreased soil sodification and compaction, and improved total organic carbon (TOC; 32%–64%) over the unamended control. Higher left–over C for SOC stabilization, crop biomass, and rhizodeposition returned through Gyp + PM significantly improved SOC pools and C sequestration culminating in ~25% yield superiority over the unamended control. Within SOC pools, highest proportion was equally retained in very labile and non–labile C pools. On average, the passive pool contained ~45% of TOC; albeit to a greater contribution through PM followed by Gyp + PM and Gyp. Rice–wheat system yield (RWSY) was positively correlated with SOC pools and indices while negatively correlated with soil pH, ESP, BD, CaCO3, and recalcitrant index. Multiple regression analysis showed stratification ratio, CaCO3, sensitivity index, and BD as key variables for yield prediction under the existing levels of soil sodicity. The key insights suggest ecosystem‐based approach using Gyp + PM in restoring the degraded lands, enhancing crop resilience and system (SOC enrichment and storage) stability, and achieving UN–Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and land degradation neutrality.
Climatology of super‐refraction and trapping layers conditions over Central and West Africa
Authors: Kaissassou Samuel , Djiotang L. , Komkoua A. , Ekobo B. , Ndzana B. , Tanessong R. , Guenang M. , Vondou A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe propagation of radio electric waves emitted from ground‐based meteorological instruments is determined through stratification of the atmosphere. In super‐refractive cases characterized by strong temperature inversions or strong vertical moisture gradients, the radar beam can be deflected towards the ground (trapping). This phenomenon often results in spurious returned echoes and misinterpretation of radar images such as erroneous precipitation, wind, and temperature detection. In this study, a 5‐year Central and West Africa (CWA) climatology of the frequency of super‐refractive and trapping‐layer base height has been produced using refractivity computations from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses at a 40‐km horizontal resolution and 60 levels in the vertical direction. The aim of this climatology is to improve the understanding on how frequent such anomalous propagations conditions are, which is a prerequisite for fully benefiting from radar data information for the multiple purposes of model validation, precipitation analysis, and data assimilation. First, the main climatological features are summarized for the whole CWA: Sahara and inlands seldom experience super‐refraction, whereas coastal areas are strongly affected, especially in regions where the temperature inversion and the trade winds are intense lying near the surface. Over land, seasonal averages of super‐refraction frequencies reach 80% (40%) over moist areas year‐round but remain below 40% (15%) in most other regions. Seasonal statistics exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle of super‐refraction occurrences, with averaged frequencies peaking at 60% in summer late afternoon over the areas located on the Atlantic Ocean border but inlands region are less affected with super‐refractive cases by midday.
Design and alignment of off‐axis reflection beam expanding and contracting optical system
Authors: Li Qingyan , Zhang Bin , Fan Rundong , Qi Baoling , Guo Dongbin , Wang Chunhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are special requirements for the laser beam diameter and divergence angle in various optical combination systems, so most of the designs add beam expansion and contraction systems. Off‐axis reflective systems are more widely used in practical applications because of their nonobstructing characteristics and unaffected by chromatic aberration. This paper designs an optical system with both beam expansion and contraction functions by Zemax optical software according to actual needs. The magnification and reduction are 3×. The mirror surface adopts an aspheric design to overcome system aberrations. The off‐axis reflective structure is suitable for lasers of different wavelengths (632.8 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm) without being affected by chromatic aberration. The optical spot diagram shows that the light spot distribution is uniform and meets the magnification and reduction ratio. Besides, combined the dynamic laser interferometer, we install and debug the primary and secondary mirrors of the system and use the laser beam quality analyzer to measure the exit spot of the actual laser beam after passing through the designed optical system. The peak value and root‐mean‐square value of the system transmission wave front are less than 0.1λ. The beam quality test result of the outgoing spot meets the actual application requirements and image quality requirements.
Natural Recruitment Potential of a Reintroduced Shovelnose Sturgeon Population in the Bighorn River, Wyoming
Authors: Hogberg Nicholas P. , Skorupski Joseph A. , Hochhalter Samuel J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus were extirpated from the Bighorn River, Wyoming during the 20th century after the construction of two main-stem dams and the resulting modifications to fish passage and flow and thermal regimes. The species was reintroduced to the river between 1996 and 2020, but nothing was known about how these fish used the river and whether they could sustain themselves without consistent stocking. Radio telemetry during 2015–2018 identified at least two putative spawning locations 95.6 and 139.5 river kilometers upstream from a reservoir transition zone. Temperature and velocity data suggest that most of the drifting larvae will have insufficient fluvial habitat to complete their drift stage and are likely to enter the Bighorn Lake transition zone. Benthic dissolved oxygen concentrations in the reservoir transition zone were low enough to cause recruitment reduction or failure for drifting larvae that reach this habitat. Future monitoring will determine whether this population persists, but this study highlights the importance of understanding species life history and the causes of extirpations to better predict reintroduction success.
A qualitative study on the experience of empowerment from the perspectives of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Luo Zebing , Chen Chujun , Xu Wanzhu , Wang Peiru , Wang Yiru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the experience of empowerment for breast cancer survivors in order to increase quality of life after treatment.DesignWe adopted a qualitative design in this study.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach guided by interpretive description methodology as the theoretical framework was used in this study. Semi‐structured group and individual interviews were conducted with eleven female Chinese breast cancer survivors (mean age 54.18 years, 100% female).ResultsMany survivors reported that they continued to experience disease‐related discomfort from the physiological aspect, but they use multiple ways to improve quality of life. Breast cancer survivors experienced empowerment after treatment. Empowerment mainly required three components: a belief in good health, capability of self‐management and acquisition of a good social support system.
Dental caries and breastfeeding in early childhood in the late Medieval and Modern populations from Radom, Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek , Szostek Krzysztof , Lisowska‐Gaczorek Aleksandra , Jelec Paweł , Trzeciecki Maciej , Zalewska Marta , Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies of dental caries on the deciduous dentition can be a source of information about changes in diet, which can be correlated with the time of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth. In this respect, the moment of transition from the maternal diet (mother's milk) to solid food is particularly interesting. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the diet of children who inhabited Radom, Poland, in the late Medieval/early Modern (LMP, 14th–17th c.) and Modern (MP, 18th–19th c.) periods by applying odontological and physicochemical methods. We analyzed the dental remains of 104 nonadult individuals (1.0–2.5 years, 3.0–5.5 years, and 6.0–8.0 years), with a total of 1044 deciduous and 108 permanent teeth. The concentration of stable δ15N isotopes in collagen isolated from the femur bones was assessed in 63 individuals (27 children, 36 adults). The diagnosis of dental caries was carried out through visual, radiographic, and fluorescent techniques. Dental caries were recorded in 30% (68/224) of the deciduous teeth in the LMP and 39% (321/820) of the deciduous teeth in the MP. Dental caries were found more often in the two earliest age groups of children in the MP than in the LMP. Early childhood caries (ECC) were diagnosed in 18% of the deciduous dentition of children from the MP. Isotopic analyses showed that the start of weaning occurred in the MP group almost 4 months earlier than in the LMP group (1.1 years in LMP vs. 0.7 years in MP). The final weaning of children from maternal milk in the LMP group took place at 2.5 years of age, whereas in the MP group it took place at 3.2 years of age. The study shows that the period of feeding children exclusively with the mother's milk in the MP was shorter. This means a faster introduction of solid food products to the diet. This could explain the increase in dental caries in primary teeth.
DSCR1 upregulation enhances dural meningeal lymphatic drainage to attenuate amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Choi Chiyeol , Park Jiwon , Kim Hyerin , Chang Karen T , Park Jiyoung , Min Kyung‐Tai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHighly developed meningeal lymphatics remove waste products from the brain. Disruption of meningeal lymphatic vessels in a mouse model of amyloid pathology (5XFAD) accelerates the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the meninges and brain, and causes learning and memory deficits, suggesting that clearance of toxic wastes by lymphatic vessels plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discovered that DSCR1 (Down syndrome critical region 1, known also as RCAN1, regulator of calcineurin 1) facilitates the drainage of waste products by increasing the coverage of dorsal meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, upregulation of DSCR1 in 5XFAD mice diminishes Aβ pathology in the brain and improves memory defects. Surgical ligation of cervical lymphatic vessels afferent to dcLN blocks the beneficial effects of DSCR1 on Aβ accumulation and cognitive function. Interestingly, intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV1‐DSCR1 to 5XFAD mice is sufficient to rebuild the meningeal lymphatic system and re‐establish cognitive performance. Collectively, our data indicate that DSCR1 facilitates the growth of dorsal meningeal lymphatics to improve drainage efficiency and protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, further highlighting that improving meningeal lymphatic function is a feasible treatment strategy for AD. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcription factors: Bridge between cell signaling and gene regulation
Authors: Weidemüller Paula , Kholmatov Maksim , Petsalaki Evangelia , Zaugg Judith B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are key regulators of intrinsic cellular processes, such as differentiation and development, and of the cellular response to external perturbation through signaling pathways. In this review we focus on the role of TFs as a link between signaling pathways and gene regulation. Cell signaling tends to result in the modulation of a set of TFs that then lead to changes in the cell's transcriptional program. We highlight the molecular layers at which TF activity can be measured and the associated technical and conceptual challenges. These layers include post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of the TF, regulation of TF binding to DNA through chromatin accessibility and epigenetics, and expression of target genes. We highlight that a large number of TFs are understudied in both signaling and gene regulation studies, and that our knowledge about known TF targets has a strong literature bias. We argue that TFs serve as a perfect bridge between the fields of gene regulation and signaling, and that separating these fields hinders our understanding of cell functions. Multi‐omics approaches that measure multiple dimensions of TF activity are ideally suited to study the interplay of cell signaling and gene regulation using TFs as the anchor to link the two fields.
Detection and monitoring of bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): review of the underlying science, existing products and future prospects
Authors: Crawley Sydney E , Borden John H 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBed bugs,Cimex lectulariusL. andC. hemipterus(F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites of humans. Since the resurgence of bed bugs in the late 1990s there has been a corresponding emphasis on development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs to manage infestations. One critical requirement of IPM is the ability to detect and monitor the target pest. We outline and describe the majority of all known existing devices and technologies developed for bed bug detection and monitoring as well as much of the underlying science. Almost 40 detection and monitoring products have flooded the marketplace, but for various reasons, including price, size, complexity and lack of independent scientific evaluation, they have not been widely adopted for IPM in structures. One product, the ClimbUp® Insect Interceptor, has nine competitors that utilize a similar design. This review also discloses many other technologies and products that are either too expensive or too impractical for use as either consumer or industrial products. We conclude that there is a critical need for inexpensive and effective detection and monitoring traps and lures suitable for widespread adoption by the urban pest control industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Frequency of processed kaolin application to prevent Diaphorina citri infestation and dispersal in flushing citrus orchards
Authors: Miranda Marcelo Pedreira , Eduardo Wellington Ivo , Tomaseto Arthur Fernando , Volpe Haroldo Xavier Linhares , Bachmann Luciano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDProcessed kaolin is a promising tactic that can be utilized for managing Diaphorina citri Kuwayama infestation. However, the frequency of kaolin application to protect citrus trees during flushing remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to ascertain the frequency of kaolin application (2%) required to reduce D. citri infestation and dispersal in flushing citrus orchards and to measure the spectral reflectance of kaolin‐sprayed leaves.RESULTSTrees sprayed with kaolin at 7‐ and 14‐day intervals showed an 80% psyllid reduction compared to untreated trees. In addition, there was lower psyllid dispersal in the kaolin‐sprayed plots. Spectral measurements (wavelengths between 320 and 700 nm) showed an increased reflectance of 35.4% (adaxial leaf side) and 21.9% (abaxial leaf side) in mature leaves, and 9% (adaxial leaf side) and 2.2% (abaxial leaf side) in kaolin‐sprayed immature leaves compared to untreated trees.CONCLUSIONApplication of kaolin (2%) at 7‐ and 14‐day intervals can be an important and sustainable tool for reducing D. citri infestation and dispersal in flushing citrus orchards. The reduced D. citri population in plots with both kaolin application intervals may be related to the visual effect (whitish aspect) and increased light reflectance in citrus trees, which are probably the main mechanisms by which kaolin interferes on D. citri host finding behavior. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of dupilumab in adult and adolescent patients with asthma
Authors: Zhang Li , Gao Yue , Li Meng , Xu Christine , Davis John D. , Kanamaluru Vanaja , Lu Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic model was developed using data from healthy subjects and patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma receiving intravenous or subcutaneous dupilumab doses. A total of nine phase I to phase III studies were pooled (202 healthy subjects and 1912 patients with asthma including 68 adolescents) in the model development. The best model was a two‐compartment model with parallel linear and nonlinear Michaelis–Menten elimination with first order absorption. The PK parameter estimates were distribution volume of central compartment 2.76 L, linear elimination rate 0.0418 1/day, and subcutaneous bioavailability 60.9%. Pharmacokinetics (PK) properties of dupilumab in patients with asthma were determined to be comparable to those of healthy subjects and patients with atopic dermatitis. Only body weight exerts a notable effect explaining between‐subject variability in dupilumab PK, but dose adjustment for weight is not warranted based on results from clinical studies. There is no PK difference between adolescent and adult patients with asthma after correction for body weight.