bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic responses and benefits of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor ligands
Authors: Tanday Neil , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: April 2021

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin hormone that has undergone a revolutionary turnaround from discovery to clinically approved therapeutic. Rapid progress in drug design and formulation has led from initial development of short‐ and long‐acting drugs suitable for daily or weekly parenteral administration, respectively, through to the most recent approval of an orally active GLP‐1 agent. The current review outlines the biological action profile of GLP‐1 including the various beneficial metabolic responses in pancreatic and extra‐pancreatic tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bone and kidney as well as the reproductive cardiovascular and CNS. We then briefly consider clinically approved GLP‐1 receptor ligands and recent advances in this field. Given the sustained evolution in the area of GLP‐1 drug development and excellent safety profile, as well as the plethora of metabolic benefits, clinical approval for use in diseases beyond diabetes and obesity is very much conceivable.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc
What can we teach Lymnaea and what can Lymnaea teach us?
Authors: Rivi Veronica , Benatti Cristina , Lukowiak Ken , Colliva Chiara , Alboni Silvia , Tascedda Fabio , Blom Johanna M.C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis review describes the advantages of adopting a molluscan complementary model, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to study the neural basis of learning and memory in appetitive and avoidance classical conditioning; as well as operant conditioning of its aerial respiratory and escape behaviour. We firstly explored ‘what we can teach Lymnaea’ by discussing a variety of sensitive, solid, easily reproducible and simple behavioural tests that have been used to uncover the memory abilities of this model system. Answering this question will allow us to open new frontiers in neuroscience and behavioural research to enhance our understanding of how the nervous system mediates learning and memory. In fact, from a translational perspective, Lymnaea and its nervous system can help to understand the neural transformation pathways from behavioural output to sensory coding in more complex systems like the mammalian brain. Moving on to the second question: ‘what can Lymnaea teach us?’, it is now known that Lymnaea shares important associative learning characteristics with vertebrates, including stimulus generalization, generalization of extinction and discriminative learning, opening the possibility to use snails as animal models for neuroscience translational research.
Liquidity constraints and debts: Implications for the saving behavior of the middle class
Authors: Toussaint‐Comeau Maude 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSavings are essential for families to respond to risks against adverse financial shocks and reduce costs of uncertainties in the future. However, personal savings have been decreasing among US households. This study analyzes the determinants of liquidity constraints and savings for the relatively understudied middle class. The study finds evidence of substantial liquidity constraints—Eighty percent of households in the middle class are liquidity constrained. Furthermore, the results suggest that high‐debt payments and high‐interest‐rate credit cards amplify the effects of liquidity tightness and hinder savings for children's education, a first‐home purchase, or later‐on‐in‐life medical spending.
Feasibility study for online assessment on fatigue failure of aluminum cable steel reinforced conductors based on DC resistance measurement method
Authors: Mao Hanling , Li Xiaokang , Mao Hanying , Lan Shun , Li Siyue , Wang Bang , Huang Zhenfeng , Li Xinxin , Tang Weili 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe strength of aluminum cable steel reinforced (ACSR) is an important index of loading capacity and safety of cables and will decrease with fatigue damage. However, the strength of ACSR used in transmission lines would be difficultly measured online. Hence the objective of this work is to investigate online measurement parameters employed to characterize fatigue damage of transmission lines. The resistance and strength characteristics of ACSR conductors in long‐term service were experimental studied; it revealed that strength loss rate is positively correlated with DC resistance growth rate. Then the DC resistance growth rate may be used as a fatigue damage evaluation index. Although the DC resistance of transmission lines is difficultly measured online, a resistance and inductance (RL) distributed parameter model simplified and an online measurement scheme were proposed. The simulation and experimental results showed that the DC resistance can be effectively and accurately measured online.
Conducting public involvement in dementia research: The contribution of the European Working Group of People with Dementia to the ROADMAP project
Authors: Diaz Ana , Gove Dianne , Nelson Mia , Smith Michael , Tochel Claire , Bintener Christophe , Ly Amanda , Bexelius Christin , Gustavsson Anders , Georges Jean , Gallacher John , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDementia outcomes include memory loss, language impairment, reduced quality of life and personality changes. Research suggests that outcomes selected for dementia clinical trials might not be the most important to people affected.ObjectiveOne of the goals of the ‘Real world Outcomes across the Alzheimer's Disease spectrum for better care: Multi‐modal data Access Platform’ (ROADMAP) project was to identify important outcomes from the perspective of people with dementia and their caregivers. We review how ROADMAP's Public Involvement shaped the programme, impacted the research process and gave voice to people affected by dementia.DesignThe European Working Group of People with Dementia (EWGPWD) were invited to participate. In‐person consultations were held with people with dementia and caregivers, with advance information provided on ROADMAP activities. Constructive criticism of survey content, layout and accessibility was sought, as were views and perspectives on terminology and key concepts around disease progression.ResultsThe working group provided significant improvements to survey accessibility and acceptability. They promoted better understanding of concepts around disease progression and how researchers might approach measuring and interpreting findings. They effectively expressed difficult concepts through real‐world examples.ConclusionsThe role of the EWGPWD in ROADMAP was crucial, and its impact was highly influential. Involvement from the design stage helped shape the ethos of the programme and ultimately its meaningfulness.Public contributionPeople with dementia and their carers were involved through structured consultations and invited to provide feedback on project materials, methods and insight into terminology and relevant concepts.
Evidence of an increasing trend in earnings surprises over the past two decades: The role of positive manager‐initiated non‐GAAP adjustments
Authors: Griffin Paul A. , Lont David H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe explore patterns of street earnings surprises over time. We find a steady increasing trend in positive street earnings surprises over the past two decades. This trend reflects an asymmetric shift to the right—from substantially fewer small earnings surprises around zero to many more and larger ones well above zero. A difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals that this pattern cannot be explained by a similar pattern in the distribution of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) earnings surprises. The increasing trend is also steeper for firms with earnings guidance. We suggest that the shift in the pattern of street earnings surprises over time is best attributed to analysts’ increasing inclusion of positive manager‐initiated and other similar non‐GAAP adjustments in street earnings per share. This behavior has produced an ever‐increasing stream of positive street earnings surprises.
Knockdown of long non‐coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 9 or hexokinase 2 both suppress endometrial cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis
Authors: Wang Lianhua , Huang Qiming , Lin Qingqing , Chen Lvxuan , Shi Qiyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimEndometrial cancer (EC) is a common type of malignant gynecological cancer. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 9 (SNHG9) has been discovered to serve a role in several types of cancer; however, the role of SNHG9 in EC remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lncRNA SNHG9 on cell proliferation and glycolysis in EC cells.MethodsSNHG9 and hexokinase 2 (HK2) mRNA expression levels were measured by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. Glucose consumption and lactate production were detected by the glycolysis cell‐based assay kit. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were conducted to detect cell proliferation. The knockdown experiments of SNHG9 and HK2 were carried out by transfection of corresponding small interference RNAs (siRNA). The SNHG9‐overexpressed plasmid was transfected into the cells to upregulate SNHG9. HK2 protein levels were analyzed by western blotting assay.ResultsSNHG9 expression levels were significantly upregulated in EC tissues and cells. The knockdown of SNHG9 subsequently effectively attenuated cell proliferation and glycolysis in vitro, while SNHG9 overexpression reported the opposite effects. Notably, the transfection of 2‐DG partially reversed the promoting effect of SNHG9 on glycolysis. Downregulation of HK2 markedly decreased cell proliferation and glycolysis in EC cells antagonized SNHG9.ConclusionEither downregulation of SNHG9 or HK2 inhibits EC cell proliferation and glycolysis via repressing EC cell proliferation and glycolysis.
Covering and shading by neighbouring plants diminish pollinator visits to and reproductive success of a forest edge specialist dwarf species
Authors: Ushimaru A. , Rin I. , Katsuhara K. R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The pollination and reproductive success of flowering plants can be negatively influenced in various ways by neighbouring heterospecific plants, such as resource competition and reproductive interference. We hypothesized that covering together with shading by neighbouring plants may reduce pollinator visits to and reproductive success of plants by reducing floral attractiveness and pollinator activity and by interrupting flower access, respectively.

To test this hypothesis, we examined whether shaded and covered flowers suffered from pollinator limitation and low reproductive success in a population of the dwarf herb Lithospermum zollingeri, which co‐exists with woody and herbaceous plants in anthropogenically maintained forest edge meadows. Here, shaded and covered flowers were defined as those beneath the shade of the woods and those whose front portion was covered by any vegetative part of neighbouring plants, respectively.

The shaded and covered flowers were visited by significantly fewer pollinators than sunlit and open flowers in the field. However, three major pollinator species responded differently to shading and covering. Significant pollen limitation reduced seed set in covered flowers, and shaded flowers produced fewer seeds. Pollen removal from the anthers was not influenced by shading or covering.

Our study demonstrates the negative effects of covering on pollinator visits and seed production. It also elucidates the negative effects of shading on reproductive success in L. zollingeri, which depends on managed semi‐natural conditions. Land management abandonment, which has increased shaded and covered conditions in artificial forest edge meadows and open forest floors, might promote a rapid reduction in the populations of such dwarf plants.
Factors influencing length of hospital stay in an acute psychogeriatric unit
Authors: Koskas Pierre , Bourdonnec Lauriane , Kohler Samuel , Romdhani Mouna , Drunat Olivier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDementia patients represent a significant volume of hospital admissions and impose a high cost on the health system. There is a significantly higher length of hospital stay (LOHS) for elderly demented patients.MethodsThis study was carried out in an acute psychogeriatric unit specialising in behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia. Socio‐demographic, cognitive and nutritional variables were taken into account. We first compared the patients returning home (group 1) after hospital discharge with those transferred to the rehabilitation psychogeriatric unit (group 2). We secondarily explored the correlation of LOHS with the variables described above for the two groups.ResultsWe retained 92 patients (of 375 admitted) for our study, mean age 83.9 ± 6.6, Mini‐Mental State Examination 12.8 ± 9.6, initial weight 61.7 ± 13.2 kg and body mass index 24.8 ± 4.7. We noticed significant differences in cognitive status but not in nutritional variables or in socio‐demographic characteristics between the two groups. Only weight in nutritional variables was significantly associated with LOHS in the acute psychogeriatric unit.ConclusionsOur main finding underlined the key role of cognitive factors in patient discharge home. And only initial weigh seems have an influence in LOHS instead of cognitive status or socio‐demographic characteristics.
Sexual orientation as a social determinant of suicidal ideation: A study of the adult life span
Authors: Stinchcombe Arne , Hammond Nicole G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveRates of suicide attempts are highest among younger ages and women, and especially elevated among sexual minorities (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB] people). We examined the prevalence of lifetime suicide ideation among sexual minorities and sought to determine whether this relationship depended on age and gender.MethodUsing data from the Annual Component of the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), participants were asked whether they had seriously contemplated suicide (lifetime suicidal ideation: yes/no). In adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses, we entered a sexual orientation by gender and age (three‐way) interaction.ResultsThere was evidence of an interaction between sexual orientation, gender, and age on lifetime suicidal ideation (Wald χ2: p = 0.009); the strength of the relationship between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation varied by gender and age. Lesbian/gay and bisexual respondents of both genders were more likely to report suicidal ideation across the life span, when compared to heterosexuals. This finding was strongest for bisexual respondents.ConclusionThe results highlight the relevance of sexual orientation as a social determinant of lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicide prevention and surveillance efforts should take into consideration that sexual minorities, especially bisexual persons, disproportionately consider harming themselves when compared to the heterosexual population.
Comparing the self‐perceived effects of a facial anti‐aging product to those automatically detected from selfie images of Chinese women of different ages and cities
Authors: Flament Frederic , Maudet Aurelie , Ye Chengda , Zhang Yuze , Jiang Ruowei , Dubosc Sarah , Even Maxime , Tournery Sylvia , Abric Aurelie , De Boni Maxime , Delaunay Caroline , Aarabi Parham 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the agreement, after 1‐month application of a popular and efficient anti‐aging product, between self‐perceived facial signs of aging and those detected and graded by an automatic A.I‐based system, using smartphones’ selfie images.Material and MethodsOf 1065 Chinese women, aged 18‐60 years, from eight different Chinese cities were recruited. They were asked to apply daily, for 1 month, a referential anti‐aging product onto their whole face. Selfie images were taken by all subjects at D0 and D28 and sent to our facilities for being analyzed through 10 different facial signs. At D28, all subjects were asked to fill a questionnaire on the status of their faces, through six general statements.ResultsA global agreement between both approaches is reached, particularly among women older than 40 years where the severity of facial signs is already more pronounced or among younger women who present at least facial signs scored above one grading units. This limit becomes, therefore, a prerequisite in the recruitment of Chinese subjects in the case of anti‐aging applied studies and possible automatically based on automatic grading system. When respecting such conditions, the positive effects of the product on most facial signs can be demonstrated after 28 days of successive applications.ConclusionSuch methodological approach paves the road in fulfilling the need of consumers of a better transparency in the claims of an anti‐aging product.
Numerical analysis of the strain distribution in skin domes formed upon the application of hypobaric pressure
Authors: Sebastia‐Saez Daniel , Benaouda Faiza , Lim Chui Hua , Lian Guoping , Jones Stuart , Chen Tao , Cui Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuction cups are widely used in applications such as in measurement of mechanical properties of skin in vivo, in drug delivery devices or in acupuncture treatment. Understanding mechanical response of skin under hypobaric pressure is of great importance for users of suction cups. The aim of this work is to predict the hypobaric pressure induced 3D stretching of the skin.MethodsExperimental skin tensile tests were carried out for mechanical property characterization. Both linear elasticity and hyperelasticity parameters were determined and implemented in Finite Element modelling. Skin suction tests were performed in both experiments and FEM simulations for model validation. 3D skin stretching is then visualized in detail in FEM simulations.ResultsThe simulations showed that the skin was compressed consistently along the thickness direction, leading to reduced thickness. At the center of the dome, the radial and angular strain decreases from the top surface to the bottom surface, although always in tension. Hyperelasticity modelling showed superiority over linear elasticity modelling while predicting the strain distribution because the stretch ratio reaches values exceeding the initial linear elastic stage of the stress‐strain curve for skin.ConclusionHyperelasticity modelling is an effective approach to predict the 3D strain distribution, which paves a way to accurately design safe commercial products that interface with the skin.
Gene Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Tomato Plants with Invasion by Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Modulation of Their Activity with Salicylic and Jasmonic Acids
Authors: Zinovieva S. V. , Udalova Zh. V. , Seiml-Buchinger V. V. , Khasanov F. K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract—
The expression of the genes encoding the inhibitors of serine (ISP) and cysteine ​​proteinases (ICP) was studied in the roots of tomato plants resistant and susceptible to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita during infection and under the effects of signaling molecules: salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids. It was shown that, upon infection, resistant plants are characterized by an increased accumulation of transcripts of the ICP and ISP genes at the stages of penetration and development in the roots, while the level of transcription does not change in susceptible plants. There was a significant decrease in nematode invasion in susceptible plants after treatment with SA or JA compared to untreated plants, which makes it possible to determine the role of the studied proteinase inhibitors in resistance induced by signaling molecules. It was revealed that an increase in expression of the genes of proteinase inhibitors is accompanied by inhibition of the reproductive potential and size of M. incognita females, as well as by a decrease in plant infection.
Investigation of cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on selenium up to 50 MeV
Authors: Tárkányi Ferenc , Takács Sándor , Ditrói Ferenc , Szűcs Zoltán , Brezovcsik Károly , Hermanne Alex , Ignatyuk Anatolij V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the frame of a systematic study of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on all elements, activation cross sections on $$^{\mathrm {nat}}$$

nat

Se were investigated. Excitation functions were measured up to 50 MeV particle energy for production of $$^{\mathrm {82}}$$

82

Br(m$$+)$$

+
)

,$$^{\mathrm {80m}}$$

80
m

Br, $$^{\mathrm {77}}$$

77

Br(m$$+)$$

+
)

,$$^{\mathrm {76}}$$

76

Br(m$$+)$$

+
)

, $$^{\mathrm {75}}$$

75

Br, $$^{\mathrm {75}}$$

75

Se(cum), $$^{\mathrm {73}}$$

73

Se(cum), $$^{\mathrm {76}}$$

76

As,$$^{\mathrm {74}}$$

74

As, $$^{\mathrm {73}}$$

73

As(cum), $$^{\mathrm {72}}$$

72

As and $$^{\mathrm {71}}$$

71

As(cum) by using the activation method through stacked foil irradiation followed by off-line gamma-ray spectrometry. The experimental results were compared to the earlier experimental data and to excitation functions calculated with the ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D theoretical model codes and data given in the TENDL-2019 on-line library based on TALYS calculations.
A new family of generalized quadrature methods for solving nonlinear equations
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Lee Tsung-Lin 
Published: April 2021

Weerakoon and Fernando [A variant of Newton’s method with accelerated third-order convergence, Appl. Math. Lett. 13 (2000) 87–93] were resorted on a trapezoidal quadrature rule to derive an arithmetic mean Newton method with third-order convergence of the iterative scheme to solve nonlinear equations. Different quadrature methods have been developed, which form a special class of third-order iterative schemes requiring three evaluations of functions on [Formula: see text] per iteration, where [Formula: see text] is generated from the first Newton step. As an extension of these methods, we derive a new family of iterative schemes by using a new weight function [Formula: see text] to generalize the quadrature methods, of which [Formula: see text] signifies an approximate area under the curve [Formula: see text] between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Then, a generalization of the midpoint Newton method is obtained by using another weight function, which is based on three evaluations of functions on [Formula: see text] per iteration. The sufficient conditions of these two weight functions are derived, which guarantee that the convergence order of the proposed iterative schemes is three.
Fenômeno e conflito: Sexto contra Porchat
Authors: Schvartz Vítor Hirschbruch 
Published: April 2021

A leitura da obra de Sexto Empírico que Porchat nos legou apresenta uma inovadora interpretação do conceito cético de phainómenon. Tal interpretação explicitou, ao contrário do que comumente é feito, o enorme alcance e largo escopo de tal conceito, sem, contudo, subtrair do pirronismo boa parte do radicalismo típico de uma filosofia sem crenças. O fenômeno, ou “aquilo que aparece”, é o critério de ação do ceticismo, após a conhecida suspensão do juízo sobre tudo. Ele desempenha também, não obstante, um curioso papel no conflito de ideias que levava o pirrônico grego à equipolência e à consequente retenção do assentimento, ao contribuir frequentemente, segundo o próprio Sexto Empírico, para um dos lados de algumas das disputas mais essenciais da História da Filosofia, como a da querela com o imobilismo. Tal aspecto da noção de phainómenon pode apontar para um lado curioso e um tanto anacrônico da filosofia sextiana que, não notado por Porchat, nos apresenta uma figura do cético bastante diferente da do neopirrônico contemporâneo: alguém profundamente impactado filosoficamente tanto pela metafísica quanto por aquilo que aparece.