bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tribute to Edward Perry Glenn (1947–2017), who created a legacy of environmental assessment and applications within hydrological processes
Authors: Nagler Pamela L. , Chew Matthew K. , Fitzsimmons Kevin , van Riper Charles 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis issue of Hydrological Processes is dedicated to Dr. Edward P. Glenn, a frequent contributor to the journal, who suddenly passed away in late 2017. The articles within this volume are by a number of his former co‐authors and others who have been greatly influenced by his professional work on hydrological processes.
Long‐term outcome of urea cycle disorders: Report from a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Kido Jun , Matsumoto Shirou , Häberle Johannes , Nakajima Yoko , Wada Yoichi , Mochizuki Narutaka , Murayama Kei , Lee Tomoko , Mochizuki Hiroshi , Watanabe Yoriko , Horikawa Reiko , Kasahara Mureo , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic disorders with impaired nitrogen detoxification caused by defects in urea cycle enzymes. They often manifest with hyperammonemic attacks resulting in significant morbidity or death. We performed a nationwide questionnaire‐based study between January 2000 and March 2018 to document all UCDs in Japan, including diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes. A total of 229 patients with UCDs were enrolled in this study: 73 males and 53 females with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), 33 patients with carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 deficiency, 48 with argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency, 14 with argininosuccinate lyase deficiency, and 8 with arginase deficiency. Survival rates at 20 years of age of male and female patients with late‐onset OTCD were 100% and 97.7%, respectively. Blood ammonia levels and time of onset had a significant impact on the neurodevelopmental outcome (P < .001 and P = .028, respectively). Hemodialysis and liver transplantation did not prevent poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. While treatment including medication, hemodialysis, and liver transplantation may aid in decreasing blood ammonia and/or preventing severe hyperammonemia, a blood ammonia level ≥ 360 μmol/L was found to be a significant indicator for a poor neurodevelopmental outcome. In conclusion, although current therapy for UCDs has advanced and helped saving lives, patients with blood ammonia levels ≥ 360 μmol/L at onset often have impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Novel neuroprotective measures should therefore be developed to achieve better neurodevelopmental outcomes in these patients.
Synthesis of novel polycarbonate‐based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers compatibilizers with octadecyl side chains and their application in PC/PP blends
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Jingwei , Liu Fang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the aim to improve the compatibility of polycarbonate (PC)/polypropylene (PP) blends, a novel aromatic polycarbonate diol (PCDL) was synthesized by the transesterification reaction, then a series of polycarbonate‐based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers compatibilizers (TPU‐Gx) with octadecyl side chains were successfully prepared by introducing different content of PCDL and glyceryl monostearate (2,3‐Dihydroxypropyl octadecenoate; GMS). The structures of synthesized products were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. Thermogravimetry results showed that all TPU‐Gx had good thermal stability. The effects of TPU‐Gx on the compatibilization of PC/PP blends were investigated in the aspect of morphology, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties. The results showed that all TPU‐Gx could enhance the interfacial adhesion between PC/PP and improve the mechanical properties of PC/PP blends. Among them, the addition of TPU‐G1.5 containing 6.0 wt% PCDL and 1.5 wt% GMS made PC/PP/TPU‐G1.5 blends show the highest impact strength, which increased by 54.1% when compared with that of pure PC/PP blends.
Signals from the Dutch national spontaneous reporting system: Characteristics and regulatory actions
Authors: van Hunsel Florence , de Jong Emma , Gross‐Martirosyan Liana , Hoekman Jarno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study is to characterise safety signals based on the Dutch spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and to investigate the association between signal characteristics and Product Information (PI) update stratified by approval type: centrally authorised products (CAPs) versus nationally and decentralised authorised products (NAPs).MethodsThis study evaluates the full cohort of signals disseminated from the Dutch SRS in the period from 2008 to 2017. Each retrieved signal was characterised on a number of aspects. The signal management process from signal generation to a potential PI update was analysed in four steps: (1) signal characterisation; (2) proposed actions by the Dutch national competent authority (NCA) for the signals; (3) presence of PI update (yes/no) and association with signal characteristics; (4) timing from the moment the signal was issued to PI update. For step 1–3 we stratified products in CAPs and NAPs.ResultsOf all signals, 88.7% led to a proposed regulatory action by the NCA. Signals from the Dutch SRS for CAPs versus NAPs more often concerned biologicals, important medical events, class effects and shorter periods since marketing authorization. We detected PI updates for 26.2% of CAP signals and 61.3% of NAP signals.ConclusionsThe Dutch SRSs remains an important source of signals. There are some notable differences in the characteristics of signals for CAPs versus NAPs. Signals for NAPs more frequently led to PI updates.
Trends in strong opioid prescribing in Ireland: A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of a national pharmacy claims database between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Norris Brid A. , Smith Amelia , Doran Stephen , Barry Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeSignificant increases in opioid utilisation have been reported in many countries in recent decades. This study investigated strong opioid prescribing in Irish General Medical Services (GMS) patients over a 10‐year period.MethodsA retrospective repeated cross‐sectional analysis of a national pharmacy claims database between January 2010 and December 2019 was conducted. Strong opioid prescribing in GMS patients was evaluated, including by route of administration, age (16–64 years and ≥65 years) and gender. Measures of consumption included prescribing prevalence and defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 population/day. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and percentage and absolute changes were determined.ResultsStrong opioid prescribing prevalence increased from 14.43% in 2010 to 16.28% in 2019, with the greatest increase in the ≥65 years age group. Tramadol was the most frequently prescribed product, constituting 63.9% of total strong opioid prescribing. The prescribing prevalence of oxycodone increased from 0.95% in 2010 to 2.68% in 2019 (PR 2.81, 95% CI 2.76, 2.87), with steep increases in oxycodone‐naloxone since it became available (PR 5.23, 95% CI 4.98, 5.50). The prescribing prevalence of tapentadol increased from 0.18% to 1.58% between 2012 (first complete year available for reimbursement) and 2019 (PR 8.79, 95% CI 8.43, 9.16). Strong opioid prescribing was highest in females aged ≥65 years.ConclusionsThis study found an overall increase in strong opioid prescribing in Ireland between 2010 and 2019, particularly in older adults. Tramadol was the most frequently prescribed product, with oxycodone and tapentadol prescribing increasing markedly over the study period.
Tough and flexible conductive triple network hydrogels based on agarose/polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate
Authors: Azar Mina Ghafouri , Dodda Jagan Mohan , Bělský Petr , Šlouf Miroslav , Vavruňková Veronika , Kadlec Jaroslav , Remiš Tomáš 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a simple and cost‐effective way to fabricate conductive triple network hydrogels based on agarose (Ag), polyacrylamide (PAM) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a combination of physical–chemical crosslinked networks. The conductivity was generated by doping poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) into the triple network matrix of Ag‐PAM‐PVA. All hydrogels were homogeneous in the swollen state and incorporation of PEDOT:PSS did not influence the morphology significantly on a microscale, (light microscopy and cryogenic low‐vacuum SEM). On the nanoscale, small‐angle X‐ray scattering showed some differences between hydrogels with/without PEDOT:PSS and also between double/triple networks. The tensile and compressive properties were enhanced at a lower concentration of PEDOT:PSS, with a maximum tensile strength of 0.47 MPa, at an elongation of 119%. Fortunately, all hydrogels have shown conductivity in the range of 0.3−1.5 mS cm−1 which is comparable with the conductivity of skin tissues and hence they can be conveniently optimized for use in biosensors or other devices related to skin/internal tissues. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Weighted exponential inequality for differentially subordinate martingales
Authors: Brzozowski Michał 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper contains a study of weighted exponential inequalities for differentially subordinate martingales, under the assumption that the underlying weight satisfies Muckenhoupt’s condition$$A_{\infty }$$A∞. The proof exploits certain functions enjoying appropriate size conditions and concavity. The martingales are adapted, uniformly integrable, and càdlàg - we do not assume any path-continuity restrictions. Because of this generality, we need to handle jump parts of processes which forces us to construct a Bellman function satisfying a stronger condition than local concavity. As a corollary, we will establish some new weighted$$L^p$$Lpestimates for differential subordinates of bounded martingales.
Glenoid concavity has a higher impact on shoulder stability than the size of a bony defect
Authors: Wermers Jens , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J. , Michel Philipp A. , Heilmann Lukas F. , Dyrna Felix , Sußiek Julia , Frank Andre , Katthagen J. Christoph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical treatment of shoulder instability caused by anterior glenoid bone loss is based on a critical threshold of the defect size. Recent studies indicate that the glenoid concavity is essential for glenohumeral stability. However, biomechanical proof of this principle is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether glenoid concavity allows a more precise assessment of glenohumeral stability than the defect size alone.

Methods
The stability ratio (SR) is a biomechanical estimate of glenohumeral stability. It is defined as the maximum dislocating force the joint can resist related to a medial compression force. This ratio was determined for 17 human cadaveric glenoids in a robotic test setup depending on osteochondral concavity and anterior defect size. Bony defects were created gradually, and a 3D measuring arm was used for morphometric measurements. The influence of defect size and concavity on the SR was examined using linear models. In addition, the morphometrical-based bony shoulder stability ratio (BSSR) was evaluated to prove its suitability for estimation of glenohumeral stability independent of defect size.

Results
Glenoid concavity is a significant predictor for the SR, while the defect size provides minor informative value. The linear model featured a high goodness of fit with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.98, indicating that 98% of the SR is predictable by concavity and defect size. The low mean squared error (MSE) of 4.2% proved a precise estimation of the SR. Defect size as an exclusive predictor in the linear model reduced R2 to 0.9 and increased the MSE to 25.7%. Furthermore, the loss of SR with increasing defect size was shown to be significantly dependent on the initial concavity. The BSSR as a single predictor for glenohumeral stability led to highest precision with MSE = 3.4%.

Conclusion
Glenoid concavity is a crucial factor for the SR. Independent of the defect size, the computable BSSR is a precise biomechanical estimate of the measured SR. The inclusion of glenoid concavity has the potential to influence clinical decision-making for an improved and personalised treatment of glenohumeral instability with anterior glenoid bone loss.
Positive Configuration Space
Authors: Arkani-Hamed Nima , Lam Thomas , Spradlin Marcus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe define and study the totally nonnegative part of the Chow quotient of the Grassmannian, or more simply the nonnegative configuration space. This space has a natural stratification by positive Chow cells, and we show that nonnegative configuration space is homeomorphic to a polytope as a stratified space. We establish bijections between positive Chow cells and the following sets: (a) regular subdivisions of the hypersimplex into positroid polytopes, (b) the set of cones in the positive tropical Grassmannian, and (c) the set of cones in the positive Dressian. Our work is motivated by connections to super Yang–Mills scattering amplitudes, which will be discussed in a sequel.
Computing Spectral Measures and Spectral Types
Authors: Colbrook Matthew J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpectral measures arise in numerous applications such as quantum mechanics, signal processing, resonance phenomena, and fluid stability analysis. Similarly, spectral decompositions (into pure point, absolutely continuous and singular continuous parts) often characterise relevant physical properties such as the long-time dynamics of quantum systems. Despite new results on computing spectra, there remains no general method able to compute spectral measures or spectral decompositions of infinite-dimensional normal operators. Previous efforts have focused on specific examples where analytical formulae are available (or perturbations thereof) or on classes of operators that carry a lot of structure. Hence the general computational problem is predominantly open. We solve this problem by providing the first set of general algorithms that compute spectral measures and decompositions of a wide class of operators. Given a matrix representation of a self-adjoint or unitary operator, such that each column decays at infinity at a known asymptotic rate, we show how to compute spectral measures and decompositions. We discuss how these methods allow the computation of objects such as the functional calculus, and how they generalise to a large class of partial differential operators, allowing, for example, solutions to evolution PDEs such as the linear Schrödinger equation on $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

. Computational spectral problems in infinite dimensions have led to the Solvability Complexity Index (SCI) hierarchy, which classifies the difficulty of computational problems. We classify the computation of measures, measure decompositions, types of spectra, functional calculus, and Radon–Nikodym derivatives in the SCI hierarchy. The new algorithms are demonstrated to be efficient on examples taken from orthogonal polynomials on the real line and the unit circle (giving, for example, computational realisations of Favard’s theorem and Verblunsky’s theorem, respectively), and are applied to evolution equations on a two-dimensional quasicrystal.
Interaction standards for biophysics: anti-lysozyme nanobodies
Authors: Birchenough Holly L. , Nivia Hilda D. Ruiz , Jowitt Thomas A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a significant demand in the molecular biophysics community for robust standard samples. They are required by researchers, instrument developers and pharmaceutical companies for instrumental quality control, methodological development and in the design and validation of devices, diagnostics and instrumentation. To-date there has been no clear consensus on the need and type of standards that should be available and different research groups and instrument manufacturers use different standard systems which significantly hinders comparative analysis. One of the major objectives of the Association of Resources for Biophysical Research in Europe (ARBRE) is to establish a common set of standard samples that can be used throughout the biophysics community and instrument developers. A survey was circulated among ARBRE members to ascertain the requirements of laboratories when using standard systems and the results are documented in this article. In summary, the major requirements are protein samples which are cheap, relatively small, stable and have different binding strengths. We have developed a panel of sdAb’s or ‘nanobodies’ against hen-egg white lysozyme with different binding strengths and suitable stability characteristics. Here we show the results of the survey, the selection procedure, validation and final selection of a panel of nanobody interaction standards.
The Role of Visceral Obesity, Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity on Surgical Outcomes After Liver Resections for Colorectal Metastases
Authors: Runkel M. , Diallo T. D. , Lang S. A. , Bamberg F. , Benndorf M. , Fichtner‐Feigl S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of body compositions on surgical results is controversially discussed. This study examined whether visceral obesity, sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity influence the outcome after hepatic resections of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.MethodsNinety‐four consecutive patients with primary hepatic resections of synchronous colorectal metastases were identified from a single center database between January 2013 and August 2018. Patient characteristics and 30‐day morbidity were retrospectively analyzed. Body fat and skeletal muscle were calculated by planimetry from single‐slice CT images at the level of L3.ResultsFifty‐nine patients (62.8%) underwent minor hepatectomies, and 35 patients underwent major resections (37.2%). Postoperative complications occurred in 60 patients (62.8%) including 35 patients with major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V). The mortality was nil at 30 days and 2.1% at 90 days. The body mass index showed no influence on postoperative outcomes (p = 1.0). Visceral obesity was found in 66 patients (70.2%) and was significantly associated with overall and major complication rates (p = .002, p = .012, respectively). Sarcopenia was observed in 34 patients (36.2%) without a significant impact on morbidity (p = .461), however, with longer hospital stay. Sarcopenic obesity was found in 18 patients (19.1%) and was significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = .014). Visceral obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were all identified as significant risk factors for overall postoperative complications.ConclusionVisceral obesity, sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia are independent risk factors for overall complications after resections of CRLM. Early recognition of extremes in body compositions could prompt to perioperative interventions and thus improve postoperative outcomes.
Vigilance in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus); evolutionary history, predation and human interference
Authors: Reimers Eigil , Eftestøl Sindre , Colman Jonathan E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo elucidate genetic variability in vigilance behaviour for reindeer with historical differences in their interactions with predators and humans, we measured vigilance frequency and duration for grazing reindeer in Southern Norway (Rondane and Norefjell-Reinsjøfjell), Svalbard (Edgeøya and Nordenskiöld Land) and Barf/Royal Bay and Busen in the southern Hemisphere (South Georgia). Averaged for all areas, frequency and duration of vigilance bouts were less than 0.5 and 2.5 s, respectively. Frequency was insignificantly 1.3 times higher in Rondane than Edgeøya, and significantly 2.0, 3.5, 5.2 and 12.4 times higher than Norefjell, Nordenskiöld Land, Barf/Royal Bay and Busen, respectively. Duration per vigilance bout was not different amongst the areas. Thus, while frequency varied considerably, duration remained constant, supporting a hard-wired adaptation to, among other suggestions, an open landscape. Plasticity in frequency allows for flexible behavioral responses to environmental factors with predation, domestication and hunting key drivers for reindeer. Other factors include (1) the open, treeless alpine/Arctic environment inhabited by Rangifer subspecies allowing warning time, (2) grouping behaviour, (3) relative low density of predators and (4) the anatomy and physiology of ungulate vision.
Optimal distributed covering algorithms
Authors: Ben-Basat Ran , Even Guy , Kawarabayashi Ken-ichi , Schwartzman Gregory 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a time-optimal deterministic distributed algorithm for approximating a minimum weight vertex cover in hypergraphs of rank f. This problem is equivalent to the Minimum Weight Set Cover problem in which the frequency of every element is bounded by f. The approximation factor of our algorithm is $$(f+\varepsilon )$$

(
f
+
ε
)

. Let $$\varDelta $$
Δ
denote the maximum degree in the hypergraph. Our algorithm runs in the congest model and requires $$O(\log {\varDelta } / \log \log \varDelta )$$

O
(
log
Δ
/
log
log
Δ
)

rounds, for constants $$\varepsilon \in (0,1]$$

ε
∈
(
0
,
1
]

and $$f\in {\mathbb {N}}^+$$

f
∈

N

+

. This is the first distributed algorithm for this problem whose running time does not depend on the vertex weights nor the number of vertices. Thus adding another member to the exclusive family of provably optimal distributed algorithms. For constant values of f and $$\varepsilon $$
ε
, our algorithm improves over the $$(f+\varepsilon )$$

(
f
+
ε
)

-approximation algorithm of Kuhn et al. (SODA, 2006)whose running time is $$O(\log \varDelta + \log W)$$

O
(
log
Δ
+
log
W
)

, where W is the ratio between the largest and smallest vertex weights in the graph. Our algorithm also achieves an f-approximation for the problem in $$O(f\log n)$$

O
(
f
log
n
)

rounds, improving over the classical result of Khuller et al. (J Algorithms, 1994) that achieves a running time of $$O(f\log ^2 n)$$

O
(
f

log
2

n
)

. Finally, for weighted vertex cover ($$f=2$$

f
=
2

) our algorithm achieves a deterministic running time of $$O(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

, matching the randomized previously best result of Koufogiannakis and Young (Distrib Comput, 2011). We also show that integer covering-programs can be reduced to the Minimum Weight Set Cover problem in the distributed setting. This allows us to achieve an $$(f\lceil \log _2(M)+1 \rceil +\varepsilon )$$

(
f

⌈

log
2

(
M
)

+
1
⌉

+
ε
)

-approximate integral solution in $$\begin{aligned} O\left( (1+f/\log n)\cdot \left( {\frac{\log \varDelta }{ \log \log \varDelta } + ({f\cdot \log M})^{1.01}\cdot \log \varepsilon ^{-1}\cdot (\log \varDelta )^{0.01}}\right) \right) \end{aligned}$$

O

(
1
+
f
/
log
n
)

·

log
Δ

log
log
Δ

+

(

f
·
log
M

)

1.01

·
log

ε

-
1

·

(
log
Δ
)

0.01

rounds, where f bounds the number of variables in a constraint, $$\varDelta $$
Δ
bounds the number of constraints a variable appears in, and $$M=\max \left\{ 1, \lceil 1/a_{\min } \rceil \right\} $$

M
=
max

1
,
⌈
1
/

a
min

⌉

, where $$a_{\min }$$

a
min

is the smallest normalized constraint coefficient.