bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation analysis of Igf2 / H19 Imprinting Control Region (ICR) in Type II Diabetes Mellitus induced mice using Methylation-Specific PCR
Authors: Tedjokusumo V L I , Chandra S P , Surjadjaja E , Artadana I B M , Putra S E D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The imprinting control region (ICR) is a region that controls imprinted expression of Igf2/H19 so that Igf2 will only be expressed from the paternal allele instead of the maternal allele. This research aimed to reveal if ICR methylation status’ change contributes to the emergence of type II diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) throughout the induction in mice model. The methylation changes were detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The Control group was given a normal diet and buffer vehicle injection while treatment group was given a high fat diet (HFD) and six times 60 mg/kg mice body weight streptozotocin injection. The induction process was conducted for 12 weeks. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was conducted on week 0, week 9, and week 12. The treatment’s mice group was successfully induced a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) compared to the control mice (P < 0, 05). Moreover, ITT showed that diabetic induced mice had higher glucose levels at every time point of the test. Meanwhile, there were no evident ICR methylation changes through week 0 to week 12. Thus, ICR methylation is not proven to contribute to the emergence of T2DM.
Effect of Cellulose and Titanium Dioxide on the properties of Chitosan film
Authors: Rahmi  , Lubis S , Az-Zahra N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chitosan film has attracted attention due to its advantages; it is easily modified due to numerous active sites. However, the use of chitosan film alone has limited applications. Therefore, it is necessary to modify chitosan film. In this study, chitosan was modified through addition of titanium dioxide and cellulose, extracted from grass (imperata cylindrica). Chitosan-cellulose-titanium dioxide composite film was prepared with different compositions of chitosan, cellulose and titanium dioxide. The result of the tensile test showed the addition of cellulose and titanium oxide improved tensile strength of the chitosan film. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of chitosan-cellulose-TiO2 composite film.
Utilization of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) as activated charcoal to remove organic pollutants
Authors: Fahmi A G , Abidin Z , Kusmana C , Noor E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm kernel meal (PKM) is a waste product from the palm oil industry. The objectives of this study are to synthesize activated charcoal from palm kernel meal and apply its ability to adsorb organic matter in water. Charcoal was prepared and activated by pyrolysis without the flow of the inert gasses method and characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), estimation surface area, and their adsorption of organic compounds such as oxalic acid and methylene blue. The product has polar and basal sites with hydroxy and carboxyl groups on the surface. The highest estimation surface area is 523 m2/g with 350 °C temperature pyrolysis. Adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model for oxalic acid and Langmuir isotherm model for methylene blue that indicates interaction of active site on the surface charcoal with adsorbates. The absorption capacities of activated charcoal were 38.03 mmol/g absorbent and 12.49 mmol/g absorbent against methylene blue and oxalic acid, respectively. Therefore, PKM waste can be used to be a potentially viable activated charcoal for removing organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and mesophase behaviour of Benzylidene-based molecules containing two Azomethine units
Authors: Jamain Z , Khairuddean M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research work involves the synthesis and characterization of intermediates 4-heptyloxybenzaldehyde (1) and 4-dodecyloxybenzaldehyde (2). Five compounds with two Schiff base linking units were further synthesized by condensation reaction using aldehyde and 1, 4-phenylenediamine. These compounds include N, N’-dibenzyliden-benzen-1, 4-diamine (3);
N-benzyliden-N’-(4-chlorobenzyliden)benzen-1, 4-diamine (4);
N-benzyliden-N’-(4-methoxybenzyliden)benzen-1, 4-diamine (5);
N-benzyliden-N’-(4-heptyloxybenzyliden)benzen-1, 4-diamine (6) and N-benzyliden-N’-(4-dodecyloxybenzyliden)benzen-1, 4-diamine (7). These compounds were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis. Polarized Optical Microscope (POM) was used to detect liquid crystal mesophase(s) and their thermal behaviour was measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Compounds 4, 6 and 7 showed the nematic phases, while compounds 3 and 5 were found to be non-mesogenic without any liquid crystal properties.
Virtual lab as distance learning media to enhance student’s science process skill during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Usman M , Suyanta  , Huda K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence of problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic that currently occurred interfere the implementation of teaching and learning activities in schools. Especially for science learning, it is not only about the content but also the processes to improve student’s skills, such as science process skills. Current technological advances make it possible to conduct distance learning using media such as virtual lab. This study aims to review the comparison of the effectiveness between virtual lab and traditional lab, the use of virtual lab on student’s science process skills, and the use of virtual lab as a medium of distance learning. This study uses a systematic literature review method with 22 selected articles. The results indicate that the use of virtual lab media has the same or even better effectiveness than traditional labs. The use of virtual lab enable to enhance student’s science process skills, especially in predicting and measuring. This is because the virtual lab media able to provide opportunities and flexibilities for students to conduct experiments by the level of ability and pace of learning each student, anytime and anywhere. Thus, the virtual lab media is feasible to be used as an alternative substitute method for distance learning.
Biophysical Aspects that Influence the Increase of Slum Area in the Sigli Region, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Hadi R , Achmad A , Fadhly N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The location with a high level of accessibility and affordability has a high development of built-up land, which in turn causes slum settlements. There are some biophysical factors, which can cause slum settlements, including road networks and city service centres. Pidie District is one of the districts in Aceh Province which has a slum prevalence of more than 50 hectares, where mostly are located in the District of Sigli City. For that reason, this current study aimed to identify the growth patterns of slum settlements in the Sigli City between 2008 and 2018 based on biophysical aspects. The approach used was spatial-based quantitative, where data on growth patterns of slum settlements were processed using ArcGis 10.6 software. Driving factors included were distance to roads, distance to river, distance to coastline, and distance to city service centre. The results showed that the change in land use into settlements was 101.33 Ha, of which 51.41 Ha were slum settlements. From this number, 26.84 Ha of slum settlements grew adjacent to the road, 14.66 Ha adjacent to the river, 5.49 Ha adjacent to the coastline, and 26.84 Ha adjacent to the city service centre.
The role of ICT as a media in learning activities before the COVID-19 pandemic: undergraduate perspective
Authors: Sumaimi M E , Susilawati  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The crisis caused by COVID-19 has an impact on education in Indonesia, one of which is that classes are postponed due to the implementation of PSBB regulations. The education system is responding to the pandemic with an "emergency e-learning" protocol, with virtual learning. ICT is the main medium of learning with the help of technological resources which is often termed e-learning. Has great potential in the development of the education system by providing freedom of interaction without time and space boundaries. With the results of the descriptive analysis survey, the respondents were 63 students of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University and Tidar University. Respondents were dominated by female gender as 55 people (87.3%) and male respondents as 8 people (12.7%). Students considered ICT understanding to be very important 61.9% and believed that ICT could expand access to learning 66.7%, with internet usage by 90%, followed by PPT as an ICT tool that was often used by 87.9%. Also, there are obstacles faced by students such as lack of understanding of system operations (40%) and difficulty operating equipment as 36.7%. Thus, knowing students’ expectations will be a consideration for further research. Students have hopes of increasing the use of ICT in lecture activities by 80%-100%, such as increasing internet access by 70% to make it easier and faster.
Classification of traditional ulos of Batak Toba ssing probabilistic neural network
Authors: Siregar B , Panggabean I P S , Fahmi  , Hizriadi A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ulos are commonly used in traditional Batak events. Ulos has many variations of pattern and the pattern almost similar to one another. Ulos also have different functions in its use. So, people are often wrong to call the name of Ulos because the similarity of its pattern. Therefore, the research is doing Ulos classification to increase the introduction of Batak Toba’s Ulos. In this research, the method used in classification is Probabilistic Neural Network method. The stages before classification are pre-processing, extraction feature using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix, and then classified using Probabilistic Neural Network. The research uses 650 data to be used as training data and test data. After testing in this research, it was concluded that the Probabilistic Neural Network method had the ability to classify Ulos into five patterns namely Bintang Maratur, Ragi Hidup, Ragi Hotang, Mangiring and Sibolang. The result showed that the accuracy level is 80%.
Implementation of decision tree using C5.0 algorithm in preference and electability survey results on regional head election in Aceh
Authors: Marzuki M , Iqbal M , Nivada A , Sofyan H , Usman T , Nazaruddin N , Munawar M , Rasudin R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The decision tree is one of the methods of classification in data mining. There are many algorithms used to construct the tree model; one of them is C5.0 algorithm. The tree model with C5.0 algorithm was carried out based on the survey result dataset of the preference and electability of the regional head selection pre-campaign year 2018 in one of the districts in Aceh. The datasets consisted of 5 predictor variables, i.e. sub-districts, age, main occupations, highest education, and attracting factors from regional head candidate candidates. Variable categories of decisions ranged from candidates A, B, C, and D. The distribution of datasets was divided into training data and testing data using the k-fold cross-validation method. The optimum tree model formation was based on the accuracy value of model and coefficient of Kappa. The result showed that the best tree model was constructed using testing data on S = 10. The accuracy of the model and the Kappa coefficient were 0.8427 and 0.7208, respectively. There were three rules generated with five nodes. The main predictor variable contributing to the optimum model was the attracting factor of candidates and sub-districts.
Study of lime addition to sewer sedimentation soil to improve the soil properties for use as construction materials
Authors: Sundary D , Munirwan R P , Al-Huda N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sewer sedimentation in general cannot be used directly as construction materials due to the behaviour which is hard when it is dry and weak and soft when it is wet. Several engineering treatments that can be taken to improve the soil properties including adding a chemical stabilization using a mixture of materials. The stabilized soil samples came from Lam Glumpang Village, Ulee Kareng District, Banda Aceh. The purpose of this study was to obtain mechanical soil parameters before and after stabilization with lime. This research was conducted by mixing lime and lime soil with variations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the dry weight of the soil. According to the AASHTO classification system, the soil is classified as A-4 (8) soil type, namely moderate to poor silt soil with an index group of 8, and according to the USCS classification system it is classified as an inorganic silt soil type with the symbol ML, namely silt soil with low plasticity. The results showed some good improvement in soil properties. In general, the addition of lime which has a good effect on sewer sedimentation soil in the mixture proportion of 6%.
Establishing a new gravity reference station for geophysical investigation and educational purposes: comparison with satellite gravity data in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia
Authors: Irwandi I , Darisma D , Simanjuntak A V H , Sofyan H , Asrillah  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Determining the gravity reference point in the form of the absolute gravity acceleration value is necessary for education and research purposes. Department of Physics, Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), has had the Scintrex CG-5 gravimetersince 2013 and should have had one absolute gravity point around the campus. A new gravity reference point was made at the Tugu Field (Lapangan Tugu) USK, which was derived from the gravity reference point BMKG Mata Ie with an absolute gravity value of 978102.87 mGal. First, we measured the relative difference in gravity’s value between the two points using the Scintrex CG-5 gravimeter. The difference of gravity value at the Tugu Field with BMKG Mata Ie is 23.8356 mGal smaller so that the absolute gravity value is 978079.01 mGal. The result is consistent with the geological data where the rocks around BMKG Mata Ie are metamorphic rocks that began to form in the late Jurassic, while the strata at the Tugu Field consist of young alluvium in the Holocene epoch which has a lower rock density. To verify the absolute gravity value, it is compared with the gravity value obtained from the satellite TOPEX. Data from these satellites is around 978140.15 mGal with a difference of 61.14 mGal.
Computational models and experimental validation at the physics teacher training college using scilab and arduino™
Authors: Dibarbora Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work provides an overview of the main activities developed for an Information Technology course at Physics Teacher Training College-an 80 minutes per week, two semesters long course in a four-year physics teachers program-which incorporates the modelling process as a core topic. It proposes the implementation of software tools to aid this process, focusing mainly on physics models rather than technicalities associated with the underlying math, which is solved using numerical techniques. It also focuses on the experimental validation as a fundamental part of the process which in this case is solved using low cost and easy accessible materials as Tracker software or the Arduino boards and sensors, and describes the teaching strategies implemented to reach that goal, assessed through students’ productions.
The development of self-perception instrument of students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Abdulah  , Wangid M N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Critical thinking skill is one of important skills in the 21st century. With critical thinking skills, people can observe a phenomenon from different perspectives. Therefore, it will lead individuals to think more critically in responding to information received. This study aimed to product self-perception instrument of students’ critical thinking skill that valid and reliable. This research used a modification from 6 steps of research by Borg and Gall. The credibility of instrument is observed from its validity, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and validation result by the experts. To examine validity and reliability of this instrument, researchers adopted SPSS 23. Results showed that there were 13 items in self-perception instrument of critical thinking skills with a valid and reliable category. Exploratory factor analysis test results show that the 13 items that have been developed form 3 critical thinking skills factors, namely analysis, evaluation, and synthesis. In addition, results showed that the self-perception instrument of critical thinking skills which has been implicated is in the category of “very good” and it is highly valid to measure the levels of self-perception of critical thinking skills. For example in natural science learning activities.
Scientific literacy competency of senior high school students based on question formats
Authors: Putra N S , Agusnita  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of success indicators on educational process is the achievement of students in scientific literacy competency. We can identify the profile of students’ scientific literacy by giving them a test using scientific questions. The purpose of this research is to reveal student scientific literacy competency based on question formats in biology topics. The research took place at SMAN 10 Padang. The sample of this research were 44 grade X students. Sample collection method used was simple random sampling. The questions were taken from The Programme for International Student Assesment (PISA)’s E-Book (Take the Test: Sample Question From OECD’s PISA Assessment). PISA questions consist of three question formats including 48 objective questions, 5 compound questions, and 10 essay questions. We found that student scientific literacy scores from objective, compound, and essay questions formats are 50.66%, 35.91%, and 42, 72% respectively. The average of student scientific literacy competency score based on question formats is 43, 9%. The average score category is very low. In testing the students’ scientific literacy competency based on question formats, it was revealed that students are easier to answer objective questions than other question formats.
STEM-E: Fostering mathematical creative thinking ability in the 21st Century
Authors: Suherman  , Vidákovich T , Komarudin  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Creative thinking is important in improving the formation and discovery of learning ideas in the 21st century. This study aims to determine differences in the ability of students’ mathematical creative thinking in learning STEM and Ethnomathematics (STEM-E). This research employed the experimental design with a simple random sampling technique to determine the sample. The population of this study was 300 junior high school students in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The data collecting technique used was a test instrument tested to see the improvement of mathematical creative thinking. Hypothetical testing used was one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 5%. We found that the average score of the class that applied the STEM-E learning model was 74.71, which is higher, compared to the STEM class with the average score of 72.10, and the control class with the average score of 67.88. It can be concluded that the STEM-E model can be used as an alternative solution for learning in the industrial era 4.0.
Layered heterostructure of planar and buckled phases of silicene
Authors: Jaroch Tomasz , Krawiec Mariusz , Zdyb Ryszard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heterostructures made of two-dimensional (2D) materials became a topic of numerous studies due to their new and often unexpected properties. Typically, in such systems 2D structures are composed of various elements. Here, a heterostructure made of different phases of the same material is presented. Layered planar and buckled phases of silicene are prepared in a self-organization process during annealing of ultrathin layers of Au grown on Si(111) surface. Low energy electron microscopy studies show that both phases form continuous parallel layers which are twisted in respect to each other and which cover entire surface of the Au film making an ordered sheet of a size of cm2. Such heterostructures might be important for the development of new electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Biodegradable behavior and antibacterial activities of a novel Zn-0.5%Li-(Ag) alloys
Authors: Lu Yujiao , Xu Xuemei , Liu Hui , Liu Ying , Fang Hongjie , Dai Yilong , Yan Yang , Yu Kun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel Zn-0.5%Li-(Ag) alloys were successfully prepared by molten casting technology, and the microstructure, mechanical properties and the biodegradation behavior of Zn-based alloys in a Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (fetal bovine serum) were assessed. Additionally, their antibacterial properties were investigated by assaying the cell viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and by disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing. The alloys had a reduced corrosion rate due a grain refinement effect (through more readily passivation) provided by nano-LiZn4 precipitates and Zn(OH)2/ZnO and ZnCO3 spontaneous precipitation on the surface. The Zn-0.5%Li-0.2%Ag alloy has no cytotoxicity, and which achieved highest mechanical properties ( tensile strengths of 278.3MPa and percentage elongation (ε) of 96.2%) and excellent antibacterial properties.
“A Genius without Direction”: The Abortive Exile of Dugmore Boetie and the Fate of Southern African Refugees in a Decolonizing Africa
Authors: Lawrance Benjamin N. , Kumalo Vusumuzi R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The flight of South African writer Dugmore Boetie from his home in the Sophiatown neighborhood of Johannesburg to Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika, in mid- to late 1960 highlights the fuzzy distinction between exile and refuge before international refugee protections extended to Africa. Like many decolonial refugees after the Sharpeville Massacre, Boetie fled political persecution, lured abroad by the possibility of resettlement in London under the United Kingdom’s open-door policy to British Commonwealth citizens. Unlike many contemporaries, however, Boetie had yet to attain literary fame and had few notable advocates. Fragmentary exilic archives shift attention away from refugee reception and toward motives for flight, speaking to the ad hoc strategies of escape and survival characteristic of the transitional decolonization epoch. While networks of anticolonial, anti-apartheid sympathizers generally welcomed the first waves of exiles, politically connected socioeconomic elites were best positioned to make dangerous journeys. Men and women from all over Africa sought refuge in the 1950s and 1960s before global anti-apartheid activism was fully formed, but political subjectivities, legal statuses, and shifting citizenship statutes impeded or expedited individual paths. The better connected entered the United Kingdom, the United States, or the Soviet Union for education or employment. Those bereft of connections were forced to make a difficult choice between returning home or becoming another humanitarian statistic.