bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A folliculocentric perspective of dandruff pathogenesis: Could a troublesome condition be caused by changes to a natural secretory mechanism?
Authors: Limbu Susan L. , Purba Talveen S. , Harries Matthew , Wikramanayake Tongyu C. , Miteva Mariya , Bhogal Ranjit K. , O'Neill Catherine A. , Paus Ralf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDandruff is a common scalp condition, which frequently causes psychological distress in those affected. Dandruff is considered to be caused by an interplay of several factors. However, the pathogenesis of dandruff remains under‐investigated, especially with respect to the contribution of the hair follicle. As the hair follicle exhibits unique immune‐modulatory properties, including the creation of an immunoinhibitory, immune‐privileged milieu, we propose a novel hypothesis taking into account the role of the hair follicle. We hypothesize that the changes and imbalance of yeast and bacterial species, along with increasing proinflammatory sebum by‐products, leads to the activation of immune response and inflammation. Hair follicle keratinocytes may then detect these changes in scalp microbiota resulting in the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflammation site. These changes in the scalp skin immune‐microenvironment may impact hair follicle immune privilege status, which opens new avenues into exploring the role of the hair follicle in dandruff pathogenesis. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/mEZEznCYtNs
Hybrid fusion protein as a dual protease inhibitor for the healing of chronic wounds
Authors: Strauss Graham , Koria Piyush 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiseases bring about the need for interventions that pinpoint each specific aspect of the illness. Commonly, remission of a complex disease is accomplished by mixing treatments, medications, and therapeutics together in a fashion where they may negatively interact with each other or never arrive at the diseased site as a systemic heterogeneous mixture. Chronic wounds display intricacy as they are very localized and have their own environment where tissue deconstruction due to high levels of numerous proteases outweighs normal tissue reconstruction. This idea leads to the necessity of a protein that contains low diffusivity rates for localized treatment, strength against high concentrations of proteolytic species that lead to degradation of short chain peptides, while encompassing broad inhibitory effects against multiple proteases. Elastin‐like peptides are an attractive, thermoresponsive, protein‐based drug delivery partner as they contain low diffusivity and serve as a stable architecture for short chain peptide fusion. In this project, a novel elastin‐like peptide‐based protein has been created to target the inhibition of both human neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotease‐2. As a biologic, this is unique as it is a protein with specific biological activities against multiple proteases, ultimately displaying the potential to mix and match differing biologically active peptides within one amino acid sequence.
Enhancing the Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of α‐Fe2O3 Thin Film Photoanode by Employing rGO as Electron Transfer Mediator and NiFe‐LDH as Cocatalyst
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Xianglin , Mo Rong , Xie Peng , Yin Meisong , Li Hongxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe shortcomings of poor charge transfer ability and slow surface water oxidation kinetics in the single component photoanode limit the performances of photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, a α‐Fe2O3/rGO/NiFe‐LDH composite photoanode was designed for enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation activity. The rGO nanosheets serve as an efficient electron transfer mediator for promoting charge transport and separation. The NiFe‐LDH is well anchored on rGO nanosheets and provides additional active sites for accelerating water oxidation reaction kinetics. By the virtue of synergistic effect between rGO and NiFe‐LDH, the composite photoanode achieves a pronounced photocurrent density of 1.46 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE (V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), which is 2.86 times of α‐Fe2O3. Moreover, the onset potential exhibits a significant cathodic shift of 230 mV. This work provides a valuable strategy for the design of photoanode with light absorber, rGO electron transfer mediator and other cocatalysts to achieve efficient and stable PEC water splitting.
Post‐Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Laboratory‐Extracted Common Mushroom Chitosan
Authors: Turingan Casey Oliver A. , Lintag Nazario Emil S. , Ngan Charles Ivan L. , Soriano Elijah Jeremie D. , Orbecido Aileen H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA post‐treatment approach using common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)‐derived chitosan was done to treat and purify a synthetic pretreated acid mine drainage (AMD) solution. Commercially available chitosan and laboratory‐prepared chitosan were used as coagulants for post‐treatment of AMD. Both chitosans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX). The treatment underwent a batch testing with parameters of mixing speed, mixing time, and chitosan loading. The removal of heavy metals focused on copper, iron, and nickel. The optimum parameters of the commercially available chitosan were then employed for the performance of the laboratory‐prepared chitosan to evaluate its capability as a post‐treatment agent for AMD.
Value of acoustic cardiography in the clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease
Authors: Zhang Fu Wei , Zhang Yi Xue , Si Liang Yi , Chen Mo Shui , Wang Wei Wei , Liang Hai Rong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical value of acoustic cardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) early asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction.MethodsInpatients in the department of cardiology were included in the research (n = 315); including 180 patients with angina pectoris and 135 patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction after emergency PCI did not present with signs and symptoms of heart failure. Color Doppler echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide, acoustic cardiography examination were performed. The patients were divided into four groups: non‐CAD group (n = 60), CAD group (n = 120), MIREF group (EF% < 50%, n = 75), and MINEF group (EF% ≥ 50%, n = 60).ResultsAcoustic cardiography parameters EMATc, systolic dysfunction index, S3 strength and S4 strength in the MIREF group were higher than those in MINEF group (p < .05), and the MINEF group was higher than CAD group (p < .05). S3 strength (area under the curve [AUC] 0.67, 95% CI 0.585–0.755, p < .001) and S4 strength (AUC 0.617, 95% CI 0.536–0.698, p = .011) are useful in the diagnosis of CAD. S3 strength (AUC 0.942, 95% CI 0.807–0.978, p < .001) was superior to other indicators in the diagnosis of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction.ConclusionS4 combined with STT standard change can improve the diagnosis of CAD. Acoustic cardiography can be used as a non‐invasive, rapid, effective, and simple method for the diagnosis of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the early stage after myocardial infarction.
The applications of eHealth technologies in the management of asthma and allergic diseases
Authors: Alvarez‐Perea Alberto , Dimov Ves , Popescu Florin‐Dan , Zubeldia José Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPortable devices, such as smartphones and mobile Internet access have become ubiquitous in the last decades. The term ‘eHealth’ stands for electronic health. The tools included in the eHealth concept utilize phones, computers and the Internet and related applications to improve the health care industry. Implementation of eHealth technologies has been documented for the management of different chronic diseases, including asthma and allergic conditions. Clinicians and patients have gained opportunity to communicate in new ways, which could be used cost‐effectively to improve disease control and quality of life of those affected. Additionally, these innovations bring new opportunities to academic researchers. For example, eHealth has allowed researchers to compile data points that were previously unavailable or difficult to access, and analyse them using novel tools, collectively described as ‘big data’. The role of eHealth become more important since early 2020, due to the physical distancing rules and the restrictions on mobility that have been applied worldwide as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in various eHealth platforms and their relevance to the speciality of allergy and immunology, from the point of view of three major stakeholders: clinicians, patients and researchers.
A novel PVT‐variation‐tolerant Schmitt‐trigger‐based 12T SRAM cell with improved write ability and high ION/IOFF ratio in sub‐threshold region
Authors: Gupta Monica , Gupta Kirti , Pandey Neeta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a process voltage temperature (PVT)‐variation‐tolerant Schmitt‐trigger‐based 12T SRAM cell at 32 nm. The cell uses a modified Schmitt‐trigger action in all operating modes for performance improvement, a characteristic that is not exhibited by existing SRAM cells. The action improves the stability of stored data in read and hold modes and assists the write process to enable a faster and low‐voltage write operation. Additionally, the cell uses negative bitline technique and fully‐gated grounded scheme for achieving further improvement in write ability and ION/IOFF ratio. The proposed cell shows 34.9% reduced deviation in switching threshold voltage in comparison to conventional structure. Further, improvement of up to 211% in write ability and 169% in ION/IOFF ratio is obtained over existing SRAM cells operating in sub‐threshold region. The cell takes up to 86% and 99% lesser read and write access time, respectively. The Monte‐Carlo simulations show the robust performance of proposed cell. The cell has reduced write, read, and hold failure probabilities resulting in overall Vmin of 425 mV, which is the least among the cells considered for comparison, thus making it an amenable design suitable for sub‐threshold operation under PVT‐variations.
Expression of CD49f defines subsets of human regulatory T cells with divergent transcriptional landscape and function that correlate with ulcerative colitis disease activity
Authors: Weerakoon Harshi , Straube Jasmin , Lineburg Katie , Cooper Leanne , Lane Steven , Smith Corey , Alabbas Saleh , Begun Jakob , Miles John J , Hill Michelle M , Lepletier Ailin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdoptive regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is being trialled for the treatment of different autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In‐depth understanding of the biological variability of Treg in the human blood may be required to improve IBD immune monitoring and treatment strategies.MethodsThrough a combination of quantitative proteomic, multiparametric flow cytometry, RNA‐sequencing data analysis and functional assays on Treg enriched from the blood of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and healthy controls, we investigated the association between CD49f expression, Treg phenotype and function, and UC disease activity.ResultsHigh‐dimensional analysis and filtering defined two distinct subsets of human Treg based on the presence or absence of CD49f with divergent transcriptional landscape and functional activities. CD49f negative (CD49f−) Treg are enriched for functional Treg markers and present significantly increased suppressive capacity. In contrast, CD49fhigh Treg display a pro‐inflammatory Th17‐like phenotype and accumulate in the blood of patients with UC. Dysregulation on CD49f Treg subsets in patients with UC correlate with disease activity.ConclusionOverall, our findings uncover the importance of CD49f expression on Treg in physiological immunity and in pathological autoimmunity.
Low‐frequency variable charge solitary waves in a collisionless dusty plasma with a Cairns‐Gurevich ion velocity distribution
Authors: Fellah Sabrina , Kerrouchi Slimane , Amour Rabia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of large amplitude dust acoustic (DA) solitons has been addressed in a charge varying dusty plasma with ions following a Cairns‐Gurevich distribution. Based on the orbit motion limited approach, the correct Cairns‐Gurevich ion charging current is presented for the first time. The expression relating the variable dust charge to the plasma potential is given in terms of the Lambert function and we take advantage of this transcendental function to, carefully, analyse DA solitons in a charge varying dusty plasma with trapped nonthermal ions. Our results show that the spatial patterns of the variable charge solitary wave are significantly changed due to the presence of ion population modelled by the Cairns‐Gurevich distribution. An addition of a small concentration of trapped nonthermal ions makes the solitary structure less spiky, grows the net negative charge residing on the dust grain surface, and contributes to the electron depletion. Finally, our investigation is extended to highlight the effect of the grain dust charge variation. We have shown that under certain conditions, the impact of dust charge fluctuation may furnish an alternate physical mechanism rasing anomalous dissipation, which becomes more strong and may predominate over the dispersion as the nonthermal character of ions following the Cairns‐Gurevich distribution increases.
Tracking temporal response dynamics in the ventral striatum during social feedback in anorexia nervosa: A functional magnetic resonance imaging exploratory study
Authors: Membrives Sonia , López‐Solà Marina , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Sánchez Isabel , Martínez‐Zalacaín Ignacio , Palao Diego , Pujol Jesus , Menchón Jose M. , Davey Chris G. , Harrison Ben J. , Keating Charlotte , Rossell Susan L. , Oliva Joan C. , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Cardoner Narcís , Via Esther 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearch suggests abnormalities in reward‐based processes in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, few studies have explored if such alterations might be associated with different temporal activation patterns. This study aims to characterize alterations in time‐dependent processes in the ventral striatum (VS) during social feedback in AN using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodTwenty women with restrictive‐subtype AN and 20 age‐matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a social judgment experimental fMRI task. Temporal VS hemodynamic responses were extracted in SPM for each participant and each social condition (acceptance/rejection).ResultsCompared with age‐matched HC, patients with AN showed a significant time by group interaction of peak VS response throughout the task, with a progressive blunting of peak activation responses, accompanied by a progressive increase in baseline activity levels over time.DiscussionThe results suggest an attenuated response pattern to repetitive social rejection in the VS in patients with AN, together with a difficulty in returning to baseline. The information obtained from this study will guide future, design‐specific studies to further explore alterations temporal dynamics.
Thermal stability of an adaptable, invasive ectotherm: Argentine giant tegus in the Greater Everglades ecosystem, USA
Authors: Currylow Andrea F. , Collier Michelle A. M. , Hanslowe Emma B. , Falk Bryan G. , Cade Brian S. , Moy Sarah E. , Grajal‐Puche Alejandro , Ridgley Frank N. , Reed Robert N. , Yackel Adams Amy A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvasive species globally threaten biodiversity and economies, but the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying their success are often understudied. For those alien species that also exhibit high phenotypic plasticity, such as habitat generalists, adaptations in response to environmental pressures can take place relatively quickly. The Argentine giant tegu (Salvator merianae; tegu) is a large omnivorous lizard from South America that is prolific, long‐lived, vagile, and highly adaptable to disturbed environments. They are well suited to the climate of southeastern United States, introduced to several disjunct areas, including the Everglades, where their voracious appetite threatens native wildlife. Tegus undergo winter dormancy (hibernation) to cope with colder temperatures, and while this behavior may facilitate invasion into more temperate regions, it may also present management opportunities. We studied the thermal habits of wild S. merianae within their invaded range in southern Florida, USA. We used radiotelemetry and trail cameras to verify aboveground behaviors, and temperature dataloggers to monitor surface (sun‐exposed [Te] and shaded [Ts]), ambient (Ta), subsurface ground (Th), and internal body (Tb) temperatures of a population of free‐ranging tegus over several seasons. We evaluated thermal and behavioral data and identified five biologically significant periods: pre‐hibernal, hibernal, cold snaps, hibernal‐basking, and post‐hibernal. We found tegus maintained thermal stability throughout the hibernal period, frequently at temperatures above available thermal microhabitats. Variation in Tb was lowest during hibernation and cold snaps and was less variable than subsurface temperatures despite not leaving their hibernaculum. Hibernal ingress and egress were best predicted by temperature differentials between exposed soil and ambient daily mean temperatures (Te − Ta) and daylength. Though we detected no sex differences, larger animals started hibernation sooner, stayed in hibernation longer, and retained higher fat stores over the study period. One individual did not hibernate, representing only the second record of this behavior. Despite limitations of these descriptive data, this is the first study finely detailing Tb of a population of wild, free‐ranging S. merianae over multiple biologically significant time periods and to associate Tb with thermal habitats within its invasive range. Tegus' apparent ability for thermal stability expands the adaptability breadth of this species and underscores the invasion threat.
The formation and morphodynamics of complex multi‐hooked spits and the contribution of swash bars
Authors: Pellerin Le Bas Xavier , Levoy Franck , Robin Nicolas , Anthony Edward J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have been devoted to recurved and hooked spits in micro‐ and meso‐tidal environments, but none have really focused on the peculiar right‐angle plan shape exhibited by some spit hooks. The morphodynamics of a complex multi‐hooked spit in a macrotidal inlet in Normandy, France, have been investigated using aerial photographs and 12 topographic LiDAR surveys from 2000 to 2017, complemented by hydrodynamic data. Merville Spit is a 2.5 km‐long hooked spit, composed of four ‘nested’ ridges each with a right‐angle hook at its tip, that has developed in the vicinity of the sand‐rich outlet of the Orne River. Monitoring of the two last ridges shows that ridge formation starts with the attachment of the tip of a swash bar to the fulcrum point of the previous ridge, and ends following its westward elongation and counter‐clockwise rotation when its hook impinges on the Orne outlet. The main factor controlling ridge plan‐view shape is swash bar dynamics in the vicinity of the spit. The offshore wave direction has no significant impact on ridge and hook behaviour due to the large number of swash bars on the ebb‐tidal delta. Over the study period, between 5 and 10 swash bars massively assured sand supply to the upper foreshore, favouring the growth of existing ridges, but also enabling the building of a new ridge. The bars contribute to imparting hook right angles at the tips of the ridges by creating local wave refraction or by providing a sheltering effect. Strong tidal currents in the Orne channel act as a hydrodynamic barrier that stops hook elongation at the edge of the river's outlet. The similar behaviour of the two studied ridges has been synthesized into a new and original conceptual model of complex multi‐hooked spit formation and evolution under the influence of swash bars.
Meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells fulfill scavenger endothelial cell function and cooperate with microglia in waste removal from the brain
Authors: Huisman Yvonne , Uphoff Katharina , Berger Michael , Dobrindt Ulrich , Schelhaas Mario , Zobel Thomas , Bussmann Jeroen , van Impel Andreas , Schulte‐Merker Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBrain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) constitute a group of loosely connected endothelial cells that reside within the meningeal layer of the zebrafish brain without forming a vascular tubular system. BLECs have been shown to readily endocytose extracellular cargo molecules from the brain parenchyma, however, their functional relevance in relation to microglia remains enigmatic. We here compare their functional uptake efficiency for several macromolecules and bacterial components with microglia in a qualitative and quantitative manner in 5‐day‐old zebrafish embryos. We find BLECs to be significantly more effective in the uptake of proteins, polysaccharides and virus particles as compared to microglia, while larger particles like bacteria are only ingested by microglia but not by BLECs, implying a clear distribution of tasks between the two cell types in the brain area. In addition, we compare BLECs to the recently discovered scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) of the cardinal vein and find them to accept an identical set of substrate molecules. Our data identifies BLECs as the first brain‐associated SEC population in vertebrates, and demonstrates that BLECs cooperate with microglia to remove particle waste from the brain.
The preparation and study on properties of calcium sulfate bone cement combined tuning silk fibroin nanofibers and vancomycin‐loaded silk fibroin microspheres
Authors: Lian Xiaojie , Xu Rui , Liu Shichao , Wang Zechuan , Niu Baolong , Huang Di , Wei Yan , Zhao Liqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a bioactive composite material based on calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) bone cement was studied, which use calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) as coagulant and silk fibroin nanofibers (SFF) solution as the curing liquid, further loaded vancomycin silk fibroin microspheres (SFM/VCM). The drug release effect of bone cements caused by tuning weight content of SFM/VCM (0.5, 1, 2%) and the concentration of silk fibroin solution (SFS) (20, 60, 100 mg/mL) used for preparation of SFM was studied in this article. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated that the average diameter of microspheres gradually increased and the setting time was prolonged with the concentration of SFS increasing. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to analyze the composition of composite materials. The result of compressive strength revealed that the composites contained 0.5% SFM/VCM showed better mechanical performance independent on the concentration of microspheres and the cumulative drug release percentage of all composites were less than 55% after 4 weeks. The drug‐loading bone cement possesses not only injectability but also sustained release capability which has a promising prospect in the field of bone substitute material.