bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early onset androgenic alopecia: not a cosmetic problem but a sign of life time risk factors. Male phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovarian syndrome: Is There a Male Phenotype of PCOS
Authors: Akdeniz Didem Dereli , Yılmaz Candeğer 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was thought to be a gynecologic disorder and then accepted as a general endocrine and metabolic syndrome. The genetic component of PCOS seems to be very important in its etiology. Because of this reason there should be a male PCOS equivalent. Early androgenetic alopecia (EAGA) is a specific pattern of hair loss and it should start before age 30 years and it is claimed to be a male equivalent of PCOS in women.
Materials and Methods: In this study we aimed to investigate the hormonal and metabolic parameters of men with EAGA and compare them with healthy age-matched controls. Thirty men with EAGA and 30 controls were screened for free testosterone, DHEAS, gonadotropins, 17OH progesterone, ACTH, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homocysteine and metabolic profile. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) results were used for the marker of insulin sensitivity. Alopecia classification was made by using the scale of Hamilton with Norwood modification.
Results: Patients with EAGA had higher free testosterone (25,12±3,05 vs 21,3±1,77), DHEAS (634,90±27,09 vs 578±17,82), LH (9,16±0,28 vs 5,13±0,40). The EAGA group had insulin resistance but the control group did not (HOMA results were 3,34±0,47 vs 1,43±0,3). The homocysteine levels of EAGA group were higher than controls (12,37±1,31 vs 9,33±2,12) which is another cardiovascular risk factor. The correlations that we found in our study among HOMA, serum androgen levels, homocysteine and alopecia scores were positive in EAGA patients. We didn’t find any correlations among those parameters in control group. Because of these findings men with EAGA can be considered as male synonym to PCOS syndrome. These young men should be followed for the same long time risk profile like PCOS women. Insulin resistance and its results like metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are real risks but there may be even a risk for infertility.
Conclusion: We aimed to investigate whether EAGA can be accepted as the male phenotype of PCOS and if they have elevated risk factors for chronic complications than their age and sex matched controls.
Decolonisation in universities: The politics of knowledge, edited by Jonathan D. Jansen
Authors: Rashied Naiefa 
Published: April 2021

In this review of Decolonisation in Universities: The Politics of Knowledge, edited by Jonathan D. Jansen, book reviewer Naiefa Rashied explains how this book serves as an enriching resource for understanding decolonisation from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. This book is an important resource for academics and other stakeholders who are interested in decolonisation, particularly with respect to curriculum reform in higher education.
Keywords: Universities, Decolonisation, Curriculum Reform, Coloniality, Institutional Curriculum
How to cite this article: Rashied, N. 2021. Decolonisation in Universities: The politics of knowledge, edited by Jonathan D. Jansen. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 5(1): 139-143. DOI: 10.36615/sotls.v5i1.171.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges of Translating Poetry: The Filipino Translation of William Shakespear's Sonnet 18
Authors: Juanillo Kay Tepait 
Published: April 2021

Translation plays an important role in understanding different cultures and societies. Among the various kinds of translation, many scholars have debated the difficulty even impossibility of literary translation, especially Poetry. Translation of poetry requires the preservation of the specific aesthetic and expressive value when the work is transferred from the source language to the target language, which may be changed or altered after translating the work. This study discusses the different linguistic, cultural, and aesthetic issues in translating poetry. This study also discusses the translation issues in the Filipino translation of William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18. The study shows the complications and sometimes impossibility in translating poetry as compared to other literary works like prose. This study is significant as it encourages experimental strategies that can show the uniqueness of translation as a linguistic and cultural practice.As a result, it can be concluded that the task of the translator is not to express what is to be conveyed but to find the intended effect upon the language into which she/he is translating in a way that leads to produce the echo of the original, even though it is impossible to be able to create a replica of the original text.
Ethnomedicinal Information and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Water Soluble Vitamins (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) and Fat Soluble Vitamins (A, D3, E) of Three Consumable Parts of Musa paradisiaca: Cultivated in Tripura, India
Authors: Debnath Bikash , Manna Kuntal 
Published: April 2021

Musa paradisiaca (Banana plant), which belongs to Musaceae, is a tropical plant-based fruit crop for Tripura, India. The main consumable parts of the banana plant are fruit, stem, and flower. This study aims to ethonomedicinal survey and determine the water-soluble (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) and fat-soluble (A, D3, E) vitamins of three consumable parts (unripe fruit, stem, and flower) of Musa paradisiaca, cultivated in Tripura, India. Ethnomedicinal information of plant samples were collected by field survey method. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the determination of water-soluble (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) and fat-soluble (A, D3, E) vitamins. From ethnomedicinal survey it was observed that three edible parts of Musa paradisiaca to have medicinal values. The results revealed that banana fruit and banana stem contained an appreciated amount of water-soluble vitamins (C, B1, B3, B6, folic acid) compared to banana flowers. The content of vitamin C of banana fruit, banana stem, and the banana flower was 1.3±0.2 mg/g dry powder, 1.8±0.3 mg/g dry powder, and 0.7±0.2 mg/g dry powder respectively. In fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A was present in a fair amount of banana fruit (18.3±3.8 mg/g dry powder), stem (11.8±2.3 mg/g dry powder), and flower (10.7±1.6 mg/g dry powder). Results suggested that frequent intake of the banana's consumable parts may minimize vitamin deficiency in the human body.
GENDER ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL CITY
Authors: Utomo Priyo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this study is gender economic development, labor force participation, unemployment, and education. The research method uses descriptive qualitative supported by quantitative data. the results of this study that the community understood enough about the concept of gender, gender equality and gender mainstreaming. women and men seem to understand women better than men. This can be seen from the results of data analysis. In terms of the notion of gender, there are still varied opinions, signifying the struggle for a variety of understandings about gender concepts. In terms of whether or not they agree with gender equality, there are still those who say disagree even though the number is small at 20.50% and when compared to that number men are greater (13.67%) than women (6.83%). because most men mentioned because women would feel no longer uncomfortable with men. From this it can be said that there is still a patriarchal culture, which considers women to feel uncomfortable facing men, men should be more authoritative, than women, where it should not have happened if they understood the concept of gender. In the end, it can be said that in general, they are conceptually aware of the concept of gender equality or gender mainstreaming but in reality, their perceptions are still influenced by the culture of male domination.
Keywords: Gender, Equality, Justice, PUG.
Improving the Marketing Performance of SMEs in Kudus Regency
Authors: Marka Mira Meilia 
Published: April 2021

This study used descriptive statistical methods. The goal to be achieved is to analyze the influence of social capital and human capital on marketing performance.The research sample of 201 respondents with SMEs in Kudus.The results showed that social capital has no significant effect on marketing performance and human capital has a positive and significant influence on marketing performance.
Experimental substantiation of «green» laser light application for selective photodestruction of capillary angiodysplasia of the skin
Authors: Gorbatova N. E. , Safin D. A. , Gasanova E. N. , Sirotkin A. A. , Kuzmin G. P. , Tertychny A. S. , Tikhonevich O. V. , Remennicova M. V. , Zolotov S. A. 
Published: April 2021

Rationale. The existing techniques for treating skin capillary angiodysplasias, including «laser» photodestruction, are not effective enough and often cause undesirable thermal damage and cicatricial deformities of the skin. Thus, the effective removal of this vascular pathology is still relevant and requires further solution.Purpose. To study the nature of thermal injuries and wound regenerative processes after «green» laser irradiation with wavelength 525 nm so as to find out if it may be used for selective photodestruction of subepithelial pathological vascular structures, including angiodysplasias of skin capillaries.Material and Methods. Scallops of alive white chickens were taken as a biological model of vascular structures for in vivo studies. An experimental solid-state laser generating «green» light with wavelength 525 nm was used. This laser light has similar peaks of the absorption coefficient of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin which are found in skin capillaries. Features of damage and dynamics of regenerative process in the irradiated area were studied at the model of vascular structures using findings of morphological macroscopic and histological examinations.Results. Findings of the present experimental trial have inspired that selective photodestruction of subepithelial vascular structures of scallops is possible with minimal damage to the epithelium, including growth zones. In irradiated areas, one could see whitening and smoothing of the surface due to closure of vessel lumens in the subepithelial zone and formation of collagenosis layer there, as well as epithelialization of wound surface in physiological terms without any formation of cicatricial deformation of the skin.Conclusion. The selective effect of 525 nm «green» laser light at subepithelial vascular structures with minimal skin damage has been confirmed. It opens a way to apply this light for selective photodestruction of capillary angiodysplasias of the skin with good clinical and esthetic outcomes.
Effectiveness of the curative complex consisting of photodynamic therapy, intravenous laser irradiation and local laser irradiation aimed at correcting hemostatic parameters at the initial stages of squamous cell skin cancer
Authors: Maslyakov V. V. , Pavlova O. N. , Kim L. M. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of curative complex consisting of photodynamic therapy (PDT) + intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) + local tumor irradiation (TR) at hemostatic parameters at the initial stages of squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC).Material and methods. The present work analyzes SCSC course in 185 patients who had outpatient and inpatient treatment in medical institutions of cities Engels and Saratov in 2015–2019. 129 (69.7%) males and 56 females (31.2%). Patients were divided into three groups. Group I – 74 (40%) patients who had combined treatment: surgery with wide tumor excision under intravenous anesthesia + PDT + ILBI + TR; Group II – 111 (60%) patients who had only surgical treatment. Group III was created for controlling and comparing the obtained laboratory parameters; it included 17 patients without established pathology.Results. It was found out that hemostatic disorders in SCSC are characterized by increased activity of AT III and vWF and by simultaneous decrease of tPA-PAI-1 complex as well as by increased activity of VIIIa factor and resistance of Va factor – indices which indicate dysfunction of endothelial vascular wall. Combination of PDT + ILBI + TR prior to surgical treatment in patients with squamous cell skin cancer at the initial stages of the disease allow to normalize homeostatic indices and reduce the number of complications.Conclusion. 1. Squamous cell skin cancer at the initial stages changes the hemostatic system. 2. Effects of SCSC mechanism may be characterized as follows: damage of the endothelium vascular wall which is confirmed by endothelin increase; it results in vasoconstriction and increased blood procoagulant activity and, ultimately, in changes of hemostatic parameters. 3. Combination of PDT + ILBI + TR applied before surgery in patients with squamous cell skin cancer at the initial stages of the disease normalizes homeostatic indices and reduces the number of complications.
Spiritualitas Doa Puja Yesus Menurut Bapa-Bapa Philokalia
Authors: Gulo Hisikia , Hendi Hendi 
Published: April 2021

This article is a review of the spirituality of Jesus prayer according to the Philokalia Fathers for the spiritual growth of the congregation in a book entitled Philokalia: The Bible of Orthodox Spirituality, this book is a book that is not widely known by believers because this topic is rarely discussed, even studied by the Church. The aim of this research is to explore that the Jesus Prayer Prayer is a spiritual discipline, its practice is to help a person control the mind of many wandering thoughts so that they can focus more on Jesus Christ. The research method is literature and then interaction with other related texts in the Bible and other Church Fathers. The results of the analysis show that the Prayer of Jesus praying for mercy from God will make someone realize that only God is the source of help in the pain and suffering of the human soul and body.
Identities of Composite literary tradition during the Sultanate of Delhi: A study of Amir Khusrau and Kabir in the making of Indian heritage
Authors: Hossain Imon Ul 
Published: April 2021

The history of Medieval India had long been interpreted on two grounds basically, - the age of destruction of Indian civilization by the central Asian invaders; and the growth of composite culture. But the above terms reflect contradictory sense because if the advent of foreigners fully eliminated India’s glorious past then how could there be an amelioration of cultural assimilation during our period of study. In this regard, communalist modern scholars of this period can be held responsible, who sought to disseminate unscientific viewpoints on both Hindu and Muslim superiority, or at best with a so-called notion of “community crisis”. In fact, it is not even so hard to identify the biasness of Marxist scholars who set up a dominance in medieval Indian history writing by excluding many impartial treatments. However, as a chief offshoot of this composite tradition the mystic literary practice had thrived out of Bhakti and Sufi movement, which imparted the idea of love and devotion for God, simultaneously emphasized the harmonious social relationship through the spiritual promulgation of human relationship with extra-mundane world. This paper has attempted to describe the literary aspects of Delhi Sultanate period, by which the composite cultural scenario can be discernible in the making of Indian heritage, and tried to evaluate several subsided corners of this subject. As a part of my discussion, therefore, I have decided to provide a critical analysis about the two most prominent mystic authors of this age- Amir Khusrau and Kabir.
On the treatment of discordant detrital zircon U–Pb data
Authors: Vermeesch Pieter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Zircon U–Pb geochronology is a staple of crustal evolution studies and sedimentary provenance analysis. Constructing (detrital) U–Pb age spectra is straightforward for concordant 206Pb/238U and
207Pb/206Pb compositions. But unfortunately, many U–Pb datasets contain a significant proportion of discordant analyses. This paper investigates two decisions that must be made when analysing such discordant U–Pb data. First, the analyst must choose whether to use the 206Pb/238U or the 207Pb/206Pb date. The 206Pb/238U method is more precise for young samples, whereas the 207Pb/206Pb method is better suited for old samples. However there is no agreement which “cutoff” should be used to switch between the two. This subjective decision can be avoided by using single-grain concordia ages. These represent a kind of weighted mean between the
206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb methods, which
offers better precision than either of the latter two methods. A second subjective decision is how to define the discordance cutoff
between “good” and “bad” data. Discordance is usually defined as (1) the relative age difference between the
206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb dates. However,
this paper shows that several other definitions are possible as well, including (2) the absolute age difference; (3) the common-Pb fraction according to the Stacey–Kramers mantle evolution model; (4) the p value of concordance; (5) the perpendicular log ratio (or “Aitchison”) distance to the concordia line; and (6) the log ratio distance to the maximum likelihood composition on the concordia line. Applying these six discordance filters to a 70 869-grain dataset of
zircon U–Pb compositions reveals that (i) the relative age
discordance filter tends to suppress the young age components in
U–Pb age spectra, whilst inflating the older age components; (ii) the Stacey–Kramers discordance filter is more likely to reject old grains and less likely to reject young ones; (iii) the p-value-based discordance filter has the undesirable effect of biasing the results
towards the least precise measurements; (iv) the log-ratio-based
discordance filters are strictest for Proterozoic grains and more
lenient for Phanerozoic and Archaean age components; (v) of all the
methods, the log ratio distance to the concordia composition produces
the best results, in the sense that it produces age spectra that
most closely match those of the unfiltered data: it sharpens age
spectra but does not change their shape. The popular relative age
definition fares the worst according to this criterion. All the
methods presented in this paper have been implemented in the IsoplotR toolbox for geochronology.
Synthesis, characterization and application of a bio-derived ZnO nano-powder from spinacia oleracea leaf extract for the removal of BOD and COD from tannery wastewater
Authors: Feka Danauta Paschal , Habila Amaya Jobin , Francis Kyauta , Habila James Dama , Bammai Moses Yohanna 
Published: April 2021

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as biological and chemical pollutants of wastewater are renowned environmental problems. A study of the performance of BOD and COD degradation via adsorption was undertaken using Bio-derived ZnO nanopowder (ZnO-NP), synthesized using leaf extract of Spinacia oleracea, and Zn (NO3)2 at 500 0C, following a simple and green approach. XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDS and BET analysis were used to characterize the nano-adsorbent. EDS spectrum recorded elemental weight compositions of 67.33% and 32.67% for Zn and O, while the FTIR absorption peaks revealed the presence of Zn-O–H and Zn-O. Surface area analysis revealed the mesoporous structure of the ZnO-NPs. The reduction efficiency of the ZnO-NPs was evaluated in the presence of raw tannery wastewater by application of treatment time and adsorbent dosage as parametric factors; results obtained were compared to environmental regulatory limits (WHO and NESREA). Contact times reported removal efficiencies of 81.5-90.8 % and 12.8-50 % for BOD and COD, while adsorbent dosage-influenced BOD and COD removal at an optimum contact time of 30 minutes was found to be 79.2 - 97.5 % and 27.8 to 55.6 % respectively. This study reveals that ZnO nanopowder is better applied as BOD reductants over COD for spent tan liquor.
Patient characterization and predictors of aspirin desensitization response
Authors: Cheong Zuhui , Tan Cheryl Ying Lin , Lim Chuan Poh , Soong Jie Lin , Chong Chiara Jia Min , Chan Adrian Kwok Wai 
Published: April 2021

Background
Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may limit the use of aspirin in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin desensitization, which is a resource-intensive process, can offer such patients access to aspirin through the induction of temporary tolerance to aspirin. However, there is limited information on aspirin desensitization response in patients undergoing aspirin desensitization for cardiac indications in Asia.

Objective
To characterize patients who have undergone aspirin desensitization, evaluate their responses to the procedure, and identify risk factor(s) associated with failure of aspirin desensitization.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent aspirin desensitization in Singapore General Hospital between 1 June 2014 and 31 October 2017. Chi-square or Fisher exact test were used to analyze categorical data while independent samples t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for continuous data where appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of aspirin desensitization failure.

Results
All 214 patients in our study had cardiovascular indications for aspirin, with angioedema being the most common type of index reaction experienced with NSAIDs (n = 104, 48.6%). One hundred sixty-five patients (77.1%) achieved successful aspirin desensitization. In the selected sample analysis of patients with true NSAID hypersensitivity (n = 163), an index reaction of angioedema to NSAIDs was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of failing aspirin desensitization (odds ratio, 7.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.94-26.71).

Conclusion
Majority of the patients who underwent aspirin desensitization in our institution were able to achieve tolerance to aspirin. An index reaction of angioedema to NSAIDs was identified as a risk factor for aspirin desensitization failure. This information can aid in the risk stratification of patients undergoing aspirin desensitization and ensure efficient resource allocation for this procedure.
La Educación como un Derecho: Chile en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Canales-Reyes Roberto 
Published: April 2021

La pandemia derivada del nuevo Covid-19, ha marcado un antes y un después en distintas esferas de la vida de las personas y sus comunidades. El sistema educativo no ha sido la excepción y para reflexionar en torno a ello el presente artículo aborda la realidad educativa chilena en los niveles de primera infancia, primaria y secundaria. Se analiza el rol del Estado chileno para cautelar la educación para todos y todas en el marco internacional de los derechos humanos y luego se revisan las principales acciones del Ministerio de Educación de Chile para enfrentar la crisis. En el mismo sentido, desde la mirada de los y las docentes se aborda su accionar pedagógico desde la perspectiva de la entrega del servicio educativo a estudiantes de hogares con y sin conectividad y con y sin acceso a las tecnologías digitales. Finalmente se concluye con aprendizajes y desafíos para el Estado y el sistema educativo.
Palabras clave: Educación y pandemia. Derecho a la educación. Tecnologías y educación. Educación virtual. Educación a distancia.