bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study on Microencapsulation of Oils and Its Application in
Foodstuffs
Authors: de Jesus Freitas Tayane , Assunção Larissa Santos , de Lima Silva Vanessa , Oliveira Tainara Santos , Conceição Ismara Santos Rocha , Machado Bruna Aparecida Souza , Nunes Itaciara Larroza , Otero Deborah Murowaniecki , Ribeiro Camila Duarte Ferreira 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Edible oils have gained the interest of several industrial sectors for the different
health benefits they offer, such as the supply of bioactive compounds and essential fatty acids. Microencapsulation
is one of the techniques that has been adopted by industries to minimize the degradation
of oils, facilitating their processing.

Objective:
To evaluate the intellectual property related to patent documents referring to microencapsulated
oils used in foods.

Methods and Results:
This prospective study investigated the dynamics of patents filed in the
Espacenet and National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) databases, and it mapped technological
developments in microencapsulation in comparison with scientific literature. The years 2015 and 2018
showed the greatest growth in the number of patents filed in the Espacenet and INPI databases, respectively,
with China leading the domains of origin, inventors, and owners of microencapsulation technology.
The largest number of applications of microcapsules were observed in the food industry, and the
foods containing microencapsulated oils were powdered seasonings, dairy products, rice flour, nutritional
formulae, pasta, nutritional supplements, and bread. The increase in oxidative stabilities of oils
was the most cited objective to microencapsulate oils. Spray drying was the most widely used microencapsulation
technique, and maltodextrin, gum arabic, and modified starch were the most widely used
wall materials.

Conclusion:
Microencapsulation of oils has been expanding over the years and increasing the possibilities
of the use of microcapsules, but further investments and development of policies and incentive
programs to boost this technology need to be made in less developed countries. For future perspectives,
the microencapsulation technique is already a worldwide trend in the food industry, enabling the development
of new products to facilitate their insertion in the consumer market.
Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Versatile Carrier for Lipophilic Drugs
Authors: Singh Dilpreet 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Lipid-based systems such as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems
(SNEDDS) have resurged the eminence of nanoemulsions and offer many useful drug delivery opportunities.
In the modern drug discovery era, there is a constant increase in the number of poorly
soluble new chemical entities that suffer from poor and erratic bioavailability problems. The oral
route possesses some major disadvantages, such as lack of constant drug levels in plasma, firstpass
metabolism, which results in poor bioavailability. To address these problems, various lipidbased
therapeutic systems are available from which self-enanoemulsifying systems have the potential
to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Methods:
SNEDDS is the isotropic mixture of oils, surfactant, and co-surfactant having droplet
size in the range of 100-200 nm, which spontaneously emulsifies when it contacts with aqueous media
in gastrointestinal (G.I) fluid. Various preparative methods are available for SNEDDS, such as
high-pressure homogenizer, microfluidization, sonication, phase inversion, and shear state methods.
These methods show favorable benefits in drug delivery. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery
system possesses some disadvantages like precipitation of drug in G.I fluid or possible drug
leaving in the capsule dosage form due to incompatibility issues, which can be overcome by more
advanced techniques like supersaturated SNEDDS containing a precipitation inhibitor or Solid
SNEDDS. These areformulated either through spray drying or using a solid carrier.

Conclusion:
The lipid-based nanocarrier (SNEDDS) plays a significant role in drug delivery to
overcome the poor solubility and oral bioavailability. This review highlights the elaborative aspects
of the diverse advantages of SNEDDS based formulations.
Assessing language learning in virtual exchange: suggestions from the field of language assessment
Authors: Lee Jiyoon , Sauro Shannon 
Published: April 2021

This goal of this paper is to enhance VE practitioners’ language assessment literacy. To do so, it begins with an overview of assessment practices commonly used in VE for evaluating the complex and multifaceted nature of language competence. These include the following: (1) approaches that evaluate change in learners’ language use over time, (2) approaches that employ pre- and posttest to evaluate learning outcomes, and (3) approaches that rely on student self-report or self-documentation of learning. Based on this overview, we then look to the field of language assessment for guidelines on the selection and use of classroom-based and standardized assessment tools and practices. Using an existing VE practice scenario, the authors provide an example of language assessment selection and development.
Domestic Violence and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Soron Tanjir , Ashiq Md Ashiqur Rahman , Al-Hakeem Marzia , Chowdhury Zaid Farzan , Uddin Ahmed Helal , Afrooz Chowdhury Chaman 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 lockdown, the advent of working from home, and other unprecedent events have resulted in multilayer and multidimensional impacts on our personal, social, and occupational lives. Mental health conditions are deteriorating, financial crises are increasing in prevalence, and the need to stay at home has resulted in the increased prevalence of domestic violence. In Bangladesh, where domestic violence is already prevalent, the lockdown period and stay-at-home orders could result in more opportunities and increased scope for perpetrators of domestic violence.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of domestic violence during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in Bangladesh and the perceptions of domestic violence survivors with regard to mental health care.

Methods
We conducted this cross-sectional web-based study among the Bangladeshi population and used a semistructured self-reported questionnaire to understand the patterns of domestic violence and perceptions on mental health care from August to September 2020. The questionnaire was disseminated on different organizational websites and social media pages (ie, those of organizations that provide mental health and domestic violence services). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS (version 22.0; IBM Corporation).

Results
We found that 36.8% (50/136) of respondents had faced domestic violence at some point in their lives; psychological abuse was the most common type of violence. However, the prevalence of the economical abuse domestic violence type increased after the COVID-19 lockdown was enforced. Although 96.3% (102/136) of the participants believed that domestic violence survivors need mental health support, only 25% (34/136) of the respondents had an idea about the mental health services that are available for domestic violence survivors in Bangladesh and how and where they could avail mental health services.

Conclusions
Domestic violence is one of the most well-known stressors that have direct impacts on physical and mental health. However, the burden of domestic violence is often underreported, and its impact on mental health is neglected in Bangladesh. The burden of this problem has increased during the COVID-19 crisis, and the cry for mental health support is obvious in the country. However, it is necessary to provide information about available support services; telepsychiatry can be good option for providing immediate mental health support in a convenient and cost-effective manner.
Potential Impact of a Paper About COVID-19 and Smoking on Twitter Users’ Attitudes Toward Smoking: Observational Study
Authors: Tao Chunliang , Diaz Destiny , Xie Zidian , Chen Long , Li Dongmei , O’Connor Richard 
Published: April 2021

Background
A cross-sectional study (Miyara et al, 2020) conducted by French researchers showed that the rate of current daily smoking was significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 than in the French general population, implying a potentially protective effect of smoking.

Objective
We aimed to examine the dissemination of the Miyara et al study among Twitter users and whether a shift in their attitudes toward smoking occurred after its publication as preprint on April 21, 2020.

Methods
Twitter posts were crawled between April 14 and May 4, 2020, by the Tweepy stream application programming interface, using a COVID-19–related keyword query. After filtering, the final 1929 tweets were classified into three groups: (1) tweets that were not related to the Miyara et al study before it was published, (2) tweets that were not related to Miyara et al study after it was published, and (3) tweets that were related to Miyara et al study after it was published. The attitudes toward smoking, as expressed in the tweets, were compared among the above three groups using multinomial logistic regression models in the statistical analysis software R (The R Foundation).

Results
Temporal analysis showed a peak in the number of tweets discussing the results from the Miyara et al study right after its publication. Multinomial logistic regression models on sentiment scores showed that the proportion of negative attitudes toward smoking in tweets related to the Miyara et al study after it was published (17.07%) was significantly lower than the proportion in tweets that were not related to the Miyara et al study, either before (44/126, 34.9%; P<.001) or after the Miyara et al study was published (68/198, 34.3%; P<.001).

Conclusions
The public’s attitude toward smoking shifted in a positive direction after the Miyara et al study found a lower incidence of COVID-19 cases among daily smokers.
The GIMEMA-ALLIANCE Digital Health Platform for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Postpandemic Era: Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Breccia Massimo , Fazi Paola , Cottone Francesco , Holzner Bernhard , Vignetti Marco 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised unprecedented challenges in the management of patients with cancer and has increased the demands for digital health tools that, for example, could facilitate remote monitoring of patients. Based on this, the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’Adulto (GIMEMA) has recently developed a digital health tool dedicated to patients with hematologic malignancies: the GIMEMA-ALLIANCE platform.

Objective
The main objectives of this web-based platform are to generate relevant data to better understand quality of life, symptoms, and medication adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic era; to develop a prospective real-life registry on outcomes of patients with hematologic cancer, with or without a diagnosis of COVID-19; and to facilitate patient-centered care in routine practice.

Methods
The platform consists of physician- and patient-secure portals and enables electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) assessments with real-time graphical presentation to physicians of individual patient symptoms and quality-of-life outcomes. Automated alerts are sent to treating hematologists based on the following predetermined criteria: presence of clinically important problems and symptoms, problems with adherence to therapy, and risk of COVID-19 diagnosis. The platform also allows physicians to set up video consultations. Clinical information regarding disease and treatment as well as clinical and survival outcomes are also prospectively collected.

Results
Recruitment of participants started in December 2020. As of April 2021, a total of 116 patients have been enrolled in this study. Use of this platform may help to improve patient-physician communication and help hematologists in the early recognition of clinically important problems and symptoms of their patients. More than 20 community and university-based hospitals have currently agreed to participate. In addition to patient-reported outcome data, the prospective collection of disease- and treatment-related information, as well as data on possible COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19 vaccination, will allow the development of a large database to also identify subgroups of patients at risk of poor outcomes.

Conclusions
Data generated via this platform will help to answer clinically relevant questions for patients with hematologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic era. The use of the GIMEMA-ALLIANCE platform in routine practice may also contribute to enhancing patient-centered care.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04581187; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04581187

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/25271
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in China and Spain: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wang Cuiyan , López-Núñez María Inmaculada , Pan Riyu , Wan Xiaoyang , Tan Yilin , Xu Linkang , Choo Faith , Ho Roger , Ho Cyrus , Aparicio García Marta E 
Published: April 2021

Background
Differences in physical and mental health impact across continents during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown.

Objective
This study compared the levels of impact of COVID-19 on mental health among people from Spain and China and correlated mental health parameters with variables relating to symptoms similar to COVID-19, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures.

Methods
We collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms, contact history with persons with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS-21). To analyze the differences in the mental health parameters, the mean scores between Chinese and Spanish respondents were compared using the independent samples t test. The differences in categorical variables between the two samples were analyzed by the chi-square test. Linear regression was used to calculate the univariate associations between the independent variables and mental health parameters for both groups separately, with adjustments made for age, gender, and education.

Results
A total of 1528 participants (Spain: n=687; China: n=841) were recruited. The mean age of the Chinese respondents was 24.73 years (SD 7.60; range 18-65 years), and the mean age of the Spanish respondents was 43.06 years (SD 11.95; range 18-76 years). Spanish participants reported significantly more symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection (eg, fever, sore throat, and breathing difficulties), contact history with COVID-19, higher perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, frequent use of medical services, and less confidence in medical services compared with their Chinese counterparts (P<.001). Spanish participants reported significantly higher DASS-21 stress and depression scores, while Chinese participants reported significantly higher IES-R scores (P<.001). Chinese participants encountered more discrimination from other countries (P<.001). Significantly more Chinese participants reported using face masks than Spanish ones (P<.001). More exposure to health information was associated with adverse mental health in Spain (depression: P=.02; anxiety: P=.02; stress: P=.001).

Conclusions
Our study found that Spanish respondents reported higher levels of stress and depression as well as more symptoms and use of medical services. In preparation for the next pandemic, Spain needs to establish a prompt policy to implement rapid response and enhance medical services to safeguard physical and mental health.
Novice and Advanced Learners’ Satisfaction and Perceptions of an e-Learning Renal Semiology Module During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zamberg Ido , Schiffer Eduardo , Stoermann-Chopard Catherine 
Published: April 2021

Background
Nephrotic syndrome is a unique clinical disorder, which provides interesting teaching opportunities that connect physiological and pathological aspects to clinical practice. During the current COVID-19 outbreak, in-person teaching in our institution was not permitted, thus creating a unique challenge for clinical skills teaching. A case-based electronic learning (e-learning) activity was designed to replace the traditional in-person teaching of renal semiology. e-Learning activities have been shown to be effective for knowledge retention and increasing novice learners’ performance. However, major knowledge gaps exist concerning the satisfaction of learners with e-learning activities as the sole form of teaching, specifically for undergraduate clinical skills education.

Objective
Our study aimed to prospectively assess undergraduate medical students’ perceptions of and satisfaction with an e-learning activity teaching renal semiology.

Methods
All second-year medical students (novice learners) from the medical faculty of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, undertook the e-learning activity and were invited to participate in a nonmandatory, validated web-based survey, comprising questions answered using a 10-point Likert scale and one qualitative open-ended question. For comparison and to provide further insights, 17 fourth- to sixth-year students (advanced learners) were prospectively recruited to participate in both the e-learning activity and the evaluation. A mixed methods analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 88 (63%) out of 141 novice learners and all advanced learners responded to the evaluation survey. Advanced learners reported significantly higher satisfaction with the e-learning activity (mean 8.7, SD 1.0 vs mean 7.3, SD 1.8; P<.001), clarity of objectives (mean 9.6, SD 0.8 vs mean 7.7, SD 1.7; P<.001), and attainability of objectives (mean 9.8, SD 0.5 vs mean 7.3, SD 1.3; P<.001). Both groups showed high interest in the inclusion of the activity as part of a blended learning approach; however, there was low interest in the activity being the sole means of teaching.

Conclusions
Case-based e-learning activities might be better suited for advanced learners and could increase learners’ satisfaction within a blended teaching instructional design. More research on students’ satisfaction with e-learning activities in the field of clinical skills education should be done. In addition, more effort should be put into finding alternative teaching tools for clinical skills education in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future health crises.
LABORATÓRIO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: A EXPERIÊNCIA TEATRAL EM GRUPO, ATELIER FAN AL-HAYAT [A ARTE DA VIDA]
Authors: Reyad-Mamdoh Samir , D. Massa Trad. de Clóvis 
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa se propõe a estudar uma experiência teatral conduzida em grupo para explorar as poten­cialidades do trabalho teatral. Foi estabelecido um protocolo de trabalho: treinamentos visando traba­lhar as posições dinâmicas, o contacto e a plasti­cidade corporal, e preparação para o jogo teatral, conduzido com o objetivo de estabelecer um dis­tância entre os atores e os acontecimentos que os afetam, a fim de superá-los. A ação teatral foi fonte de descoberta, de trabalho sobre si, um meio eficaz de ajudá-los a se libertar, a compartilhar seus sen­timentos, a controlar sua fragilidade, recuperando uma capacidade de agir até então ignorada. Eles se reconstruíram, reencontrando a autoconfiança e se reapropriando de outras habilidades e outras atitudes. É um caminho que pode levar à resiliência. Nosso estudo empírico combina duas dimensões in­trínsecas: a teoria, permitindo-nos pensar sobre nos­sa abordagem e incluí-la em um processo reflexivo; e a prática que nos oferece a possibilidade de reali­zar em cena a experiência de trabalhar sobre si, na exploração dos obstáculos e das inibições pessoais. Palavras-chave Resiliência. Revivescência. Potencialidades tea­trais. Criação Coletiva. Experiência Cênica.
ABORDAGEM ARTÍSTICA DO TRAUMA DE GUERRA NO TEATRO POLONÊS NA SEGUNDA METADE DO SÉCULO XX: O EXEMPLO DO ESPETÁCULO AKRÓPOLIS DO TEATRO LABORATÓRIO DAS 13 FILEIRAS ENCENADO POR JERZY GROTOWSKI
Authors: Tyszka Juliusz , Wegner Trad. de Ana Cristine 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo discorre sobre o teatro polonês pós segunda guerra mundial, trazendo como exemplo o espetáculo Akrópolis encenado por Jerzy Grotowski com influência direta do regime nazista para sua concepção. Embasando historicamente a situação da Polônia nesses períodos entre guerras, o artigo estabelece uma reflexão sobre as perdas e os traumas que uma guerra pode causar em um país e no seu panorama artístico-teatral. Palavras-chaveTeatro Polonês. Grotowski. Trauma. Nazismo.
The Incremental Value Relevance of Media Coverage of Earnings Announcements: Evidence from the Trading of Short Sellers
Authors: Rees Lynn , Twedt Brady J. 
Published: April 2021

SYNOPSIS
We investigate the relation between media coverage and the trading behavior of short sellers around earnings announcements. Prior research provides conflicting evidence on the role of the media, with some studies finding that the media can impede the price discovery process. Our evidence indicates that short sellers increase their activity in line with the tone of media coverage around earnings announcements, after controlling for earnings news and other factors that affect relative levels of short selling. Furthermore, we show that information in the media successfully forecasts earnings information in the days leading up to the earnings announcement, and that short sellers trade in a manner consistent with information reflected in media coverage preceding the earnings announcement. Our findings are consistent with information contained in the media having value relevance, and suggest that the media may help to facilitate the price discovery process around the release of earnings.
Use of Corporate Disclosures to Identify the Stage of Blockchain Adoption
Authors: Stratopoulos Theophanis C. , Wang Victor Xiaoqi , Ye Hua (Jonathan) 
Published: April 2021

SYNOPSIS
Several studies have pointed to the transformative effects of blockchain on a wide spectrum of firms, industries, and professions. Despite the arguable consensus within the business community that blockchain will have a real impact on the way firms do business, views diverge when it comes to the timing of diffusion (i.e., when blockchain will achieve mass adoption). We propose that information gathering helps potential adopters form expectations regarding payoffs from blockchain adoption. Information-gathering activities and the resulting information sources, such as web searches, news articles, book titles, and corporate disclosures, can proxy the expectations of potential adopters. Corporate disclosures directly reflect firms' expectations and interests in the new technology. We leverage the corporate disclosure data from the SEC Edgar database to identify the current stage of blockchain adoption. Our analysis shows that while blockchain adoption is still nascent, the focus has been shifting from cryptocurrencies to business applications.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M15.