bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Reconstructing Source Functional Connectivity with Low-Density EEG
Authors: Nguyen-Danse Dung A. , Singaravelu Shobana , Chauvigné Léa A. S. , Mottaz Anaïs , Allaman Leslie , Guggisberg Adrian G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Functional connectivity (FC) is increasingly used as target for neuromodulation and enhancement of performance. A reliable assessment of FC with electroencephalography (EEG) currently requires a laboratory environment with high-density montages and a long preparation time. This study investigated the feasibility of reconstructing source FC with a low-density EEG montage towards a usage in real life applications.

Methods
Source FC was reconstructed with inverse solutions and quantified as node degree of absolute imaginary coherence in alpha frequencies. We used simulated coherent point sources as well as two real datasets to investigate the impact of electrode density (19 vs. 128 electrodes) and usage of template vs. individual MRI-based head models on localization accuracy. In addition, we checked whether low-density EEG is able to capture inter-individual variations in coherence strength.

Results
In numerical simulations as well as real data, a reduction of the number of electrodes led to less reliable reconstructions of coherent sources and of coupling strength. Yet, when comparing different approaches to reconstructing FC from 19 electrodes, source FC obtained with beamformers outperformed sensor FC, FC computed after independent component analysis, and source FC obtained with sLORETA. In particular, only source FC based on beamformers was able to capture neural correlates of motor behavior.

Conclusion
Reconstructions of FC from low-density EEG is challenging, but may be feasible when using source reconstructions with beamformers.
Climate Change Modulates Multitrophic Interactions Between Maize, A Root Herbivore, and Its Enemies
Authors: Guyer Anouk , van Doan Cong , Maurer Corina , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Mateo Pierre , Steinauer Katja , Kesner Lucie , Hoch Günter , Kahmen Ansgar , Erb Matthias , Robert Christelle A. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow climate change will modify belowground tritrophic interactions is poorly understood, despite their importance for agricultural productivity. Here, we manipulated the three major abiotic factors associated with climate change (atmospheric CO2, temperature, and soil moisture) and investigated their individual and joint effects on the interaction between maize, the banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata), and the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN)Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Changes in individual abiotic parameters had a strong influence on plant biomass, leaf wilting, sugar concentrations, protein levels, and benzoxazinoid contents. Yet, when combined to simulate a predicted climate scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, RCP 8.5), their effects mostly counter-balanced each other. Only the sharp negative impact of drought on leaf wilting was not fully compensated. In both current and predicted scenarios, root damage resulted in increased leaf wilting, reduced root biomass, and reconfigured the plant sugar metabolism. Single climatic variables modulated the herbivore performance and survival in an additive manner, although slight interactions were also observed. Increased temperature and CO2levels both enhanced the performance of the insect, but elevated temperature also decreased its survival. Elevated temperatures and CO2further directly impeded the EPN infectivity potential, while lower moisture levels improved it through plant- and/or herbivore-mediated changes. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, temperature and CO2showed interactive effects on EPN infectivity, which was overall decreased by 40%. We conclude that root pest problems may worsen with climate change due to increased herbivore performance and reduced top-down control by biological control agents.
The origins of cultural divergence: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Ho Hoang-Anh , Martinsson Peter , Olsson Ola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCultural norms diverge substantially across societies, often within the same country. We propose and investigate a self-domestication/selective migration hypothesis, proposing that cultural differences along the individualism–collectivism dimension are driven by the out-migration of individualistic people from collectivist core regions of states to peripheral frontier areas, and that such patterns of historical migration are reflected even in the current distribution of cultural norms. Gaining independence in 939 CE after about a thousand years of Chinese colonization, historical Vietnam emerged in the region that is now north Vietnam with a collectivist social organization. From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, historical Vietnam gradually expanded its territory southward to the Mekong River Delta through repeated waves of conquest and migration. Using a nationwide household survey, a population census, and a lab-in-the-field experiment, we demonstrate that areas annexed earlier to historical Vietnam are currently more prone to collectivist norms, and that these cultural norms are embodied in individual beliefs. Relying on many historical accounts, together with various robustness checks, we argue that the southward out-migration of individualistic people during the eight centuries of the territorial expansion is an important driver, among many others, of these cultural differences.
Fusion of smartphone sensor data for classification of daily user activities
Authors: Şengül Gökhan , Ozcelik Erol , Misra Sanjay , Damaševičius Robertas , Maskeliūnas Rytis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNew mobile applications need to estimate user activities by using sensor data provided by smart wearable devices and deliver context-aware solutions to users living in smart environments. We propose a novel hybrid data fusion method to estimate three types of daily user activities (being in a meeting, walking, and driving with a motorized vehicle) using the accelerometer and gyroscope data acquired from a smart watch using a mobile phone. The approach is based on the matrix time series method for feature fusion, and the modified Better-than-the-Best Fusion (BB-Fus) method with a stochastic gradient descent algorithm for construction of optimal decision trees for classification. For the estimation of user activities, we adopted a statistical pattern recognition approach and used the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. We acquired and used our own dataset of 354 min of data from 20 subjects for this study. We report a classification performance of 98.32 % for SVM and 97.42 % for kNN.
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and its Lockdown Measures on the Mental and Functional Health of Older Individuals
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara , Mulas Ilaria , Putzu Valeria , Asoni Gesuina , Viale Daniela , Mameli Irene , Pau Massimiliano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of the COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of Italian older individuals displaying signs of cognitive deterioration has not been deeply investigated. This longitudinal study examined the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the psychological well-being and motor efficiency of a sample of Italian community-dwellers with and without cognitive decline. Forty-seven participants underwent instrumental gait analysis performed in ecological setting using wearable sensors, and completed a battery of tasks assessing cognitive functioning and psychological well-being, before and after the full lockdown due to the COVID-19 spreading. A series of Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVAs) documented that the superior gait performance of the cognitively healthy participants exhibited before the COVID-19 spread, vanished when they were tested at the end of the lockdown period. Moreover, before the outbreak of the COVID-19, cognitively healthy participants and those with signs of cognitive decline reported similar levels of psychological well-being, whereas, after the lockdown, the former group reported better coping, emotional competencies, and general well-being than the participants displaying signs of cognitive decline. In conclusion, the full COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on the mental and motor functioning of older individuals with and without signs of cognitive deterioration living in Italy.
John Haltiwanger: recipient of the 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Coad Alex , Andersson Martin , Henrekson Magnus , Jack Sarah , Stenkula Mikael , Thorburn Karin , Wennberg Karl , Zander Ivo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research has been awarded to Professor John Haltiwanger. John Haltiwanger has made significant contributions to the field of entrepreneurship by improving our understanding of job creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the role of small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in economic development. He has played a major role in the careful development of large, longitudinal firm-level datasets, and introduced a novel and widely adopted measure of firm growth that addresses previous statistical biases. His work has influenced public policy and national statistical offices around the world.
Pictorial meaning, language, tradition: notes on image semantic analyses by Kristóf Nyíri
Authors: Szécsi Gábor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe iconic revolution changing the routine of everyday communication is gradually leading to the creation of a linguistic structure that combines visual and verbal tools in both formal and semantic aspects. Computer and mobile applications today enable high-tech imaging that ensures the spread of iconic communication in mundane interactions and the possibility of a creative combination of verbal and iconic codes for language users who navigate in a world of images in an increasingly confident manner. The iconic revolution that accompanies this expansion of new communication technologies thus leads to serious changes in language use, thereby enhancing the transmission of verbal and iconic language to become a key element of mundane communication. This article argues that this turn in communication technology guided the attention of Kristóf Nyíri, an eminent figure in contemporary Hungarian philosophy, to the problem of the relationship between icon, language, and tradition. The aim of the present essay is twofold: to shed light on the relevance of Nyíri’s analysis and thoughts on the relationship between tradition and language in the history of communication, and to identify, using Nyíri’s model of pictorial meaning as a starting point, the relevant aspects of the conception of technological determinism in answering questions from the philosophy of language and mind.
New hPSC SOX9 and INS Reporter Cell Lines Facilitate the Observation and Optimization of Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells
Authors: Dettmer Rabea , Niwolik Isabell , Mehmeti Ilir , Jörns Anne , Naujok Ortwin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing stem cell-derived beta cells harbors great potential for research and therapy of diabetes.SOX9plays a crucial role during development of the pancreas and particularly in the development of insulin-producing cells as SOX9+cells form the source for NEUROG3+endocrine progenitor cells. For the purpose of easy monitoring of differentiation efficiencies into pancreatic progenitors and insulin-producing cells, we generated new reporter lines by knocking in a P2A-H-2Kk-F2A-GFP2 reporter gene into theSOX9-locus and a P2A-mCherry reporter gene into theINS-locus mediated by CRISPR/CAS9-technology. The knock-ins enabled co-expression of the endogenous and reporter genes and report on the endogenous gene expression. Furthermore, FACS and MACS enabled the purification of pancreatic progenitors and insulin-producing cells. Using these cell lines, we established a new differentiation protocol geared towards SOX9+cells to efficiently drive human pluripotent stem cells into glucose-responsive beta cells. Our new protocol offers an alternative route towards stem cell-derived beta cells, pointing out the importance of Wnt/beta-catenin inhibition and the efficacy of EGF for the development of pancreatic progenitors, as well as the significance of 3D culture for the functionality of the generated beta cells.Graphic Abstract
Excellence in medical training: developing talent—not sorting it
Authors: Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Hauer Karen E. 
Published: August 2021

Many medical schools have reconsidered or eliminated clerkship grades and honor society memberships. National testing organizations announced plans to eliminate numerical scoring for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 in favor of pass/fail results. These changes have led some faculty to wonder: “How will we recognize and reward excellence?” Excellence in undergraduate medical education has long been defined by high grades, top test scores, honor society memberships, and publication records. However, this model of learner excellence is misaligned with how students learn or what society values. This accolade-driven view of excellence is perpetuated by assessments that are based on gestalt impressions influenced by similarity between evaluators and students, and assessments that are often restricted to a limited number of traditional skill domains. To achieve a new model of learner excellence that values the trainee’s achievement, growth, and responsiveness to feedback across multiple domains, we must envision a new model of teacher excellence. Such teachers would have a growth mindset toward assessing competencies and learning new competencies. Actualizing true learner excellence will require teachers to change from evaluators who conduct assessments of learning to coaches who do assessment for learning. Schools will also need to establish policies and structures that foster a culture that supports this change. In this new paradigm, a teacher’s core duty is to develop talent rather than sort it.
Investigating the user experience of customer service chatbot interaction: a framework for qualitative analysis of chatbot dialogues
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn , Taylor Cameron 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe uptake of chatbots for customer service depends on the user experience. For such chatbots, user experience in particular concerns whether the user is provided relevant answers to their queries and the chatbot interaction brings them closer to resolving their problem. Dialogue data from interactions between users and chatbots represents a potentially valuable source of insight into user experience. However, there is a need for knowledge of how to make use of these data. Motivated by this, we present a framework for qualitative analysis of chatbot dialogues in the customer service domain. The framework has been developed across several studies involving two chatbots for customer service, in collaboration with the chatbot hosts. We present the framework and illustrate its application with insights from three case examples. Through the case findings, we show how the framework may provide insight into key drivers of user experience, including response relevance and dialogue helpfulness (Case 1), insight to drive chatbot improvement in practice (Case 2), and insight of theoretical and practical relevance for understanding chatbot user types and interaction patterns (Case 3). On the basis of the findings, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the framework, its theoretical and practical implications, and directions for future work.
Mitigating the seismic pounding of multi-story buildings in series using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers
Authors: Elwardany Hytham , Jankowski Robert , Seleemah Ayman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Seismic-induced pounding between adjacent buildings may have serious consequences, ranging from minor damage up to total collapse. Therefore, researchers try to mitigate the pounding problem using different methods, such as coupling the adjacent buildings with stiff beams, connecting them using viscoelastic links, and installing damping devices in each building individually. In the current paper, the effect of using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers to mitigate the mutual pounding between a series of structures is investigated. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of a series of adjacent steel buildings equipped with damping devices was conducted. Contact surfaces with both contactor and target were used to model the mutual pounding. The results indicate that the use of linear or nonlinear dampers leads to the significant reduction in the response of adjacent buildings in series. Moreover, the substantial improvement of the performance of buildings has been observed for almost all stories. From the design point of view, it is concluded that dampers implemented in adjacent buildings should be designed to resist maximum force of 6.20 or 1.90 times the design independent force in the case of using linear or nonlinear fluid viscous dampers, respectively. Also, designers should pay attention to the design of the structural elements surrounding dampers, because considerable forces due to pounding may occur in the dampers at the maximum displaced position of the structure.
Omissions, Moral Luck, and Minding the (Epistemic) Gap
Authors: Metz Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper warns of two threats to moral responsibility that arise when accounting for omissions, given some plausible assumptions about how abilities are related to responsibility. The first problem threatens the legitimacy of our being responsible by expanding the preexisting tension that luck famously raises for moral responsibility. The second threat to moral responsibility challenges the legitimacy of our practices of holding responsible. Holding others responsible for their omissions requires us to bridge an epistemic gap that does not arise when holding others responsible for their actions—one that we might often fail to cross.
Understanding migrants in COVID-19 counting: Rethinking the data-(in)visibility nexus
Authors: Pelizza Annalisa , Milan Stefania , Lausberg Yoren 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic confronts society with a dilemma between (in)visibility, security, and care. While invisibility might be sought by unregistered and undocumented people, being counted and thus visible during a pandemic is a precondition of existence and care. This article asks whether and how unregistered populations like undocumented migrants should be included in statistics and other “counting” exercises devised to track virus diffusion and its impact. In particular, the paper explores how such inclusion can be just, given that for unregistered people visibility is often associated with surveillance. It also reflects on how policymaking can act upon the relationship between data, visibility, and populations in pragmatic terms. Conversing with science and technology studies and critical data studies, the paper frames the dilemma between (in)visibility and care as an issue of sociotechnical nature and identifies four criteria linked to the sociotechnical characteristics of the data infrastructure enabling visibility. It surveys “counting” initiatives targeting unregistered and undocumented populations undertaken by European countries in the aftermath of the pandemic, and illustrates the medical, economic, and social consequences of invisibility. On the basis of our analysis, we outline four scenarios that articulate the visibility/invisibility binary in novel, nuanced terms, and identify in the “de facto inclusion” scenario the best option for both migrants and the surrounding communities. Finally, we offer policy recommendations to avoid surveillance and overreach and promote instead a more just “de facto” civil inclusion of undocumented populations.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, patient contacts, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity and seropositivity among healthcare personnel in a Maryland healthcare system
Authors: O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Schrank Gregory M. , Frisch Melissa , Hogan Regina , Deal Kellie E. , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn a large, system-wide, healthcare personnel (HCP) testing experience using severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serologic testing early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we did not find increased infection risk related to COVID-19 patient contact. Our findings support workplace policies for HCP protection and underscore the role of community exposure and asymptomatic infection.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in foreign students in Japan, 2015–2019: a comparison with the notification rates in their countries of origin
Authors: Ota M. , Nishimura T. , Uchimura K. , Hirao S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) in immigrants is becoming a challenge in eliminating TB in Japan. We investigated the epidemiology of TB in foreign students in Japan in 2015–2019. A total of 2007 foreign students with TB whose median age was 22.5 years (1243 (61.9%) were males) were registered. The notification rates peaked in 2016 at 164.0 per 100 000 population and decreased towards 2019. Of the 2007, 535 were from Vietnam, 444 from China and 395 from Nepal. The notification rates were 596.6 per 100 000 person-years (PYs) for Myanmar, 595.4 for the Philippines and 438.6 for Cambodia. The rates were much higher than those of the general populations in their countries of origin for Myanmar, the Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal, Mongolia, Vietnam and China. In comparison with the years 2010–2014, the notification rates for foreign students decreased for the students from Nepal, Vietnam and China. The TB notification rate of the foreign students in Japan can be a good surrogate indicator for the risk of TB among the immigrant subpopulation in Japan and should continuously be monitored. Those who are at higher risk of TB may be annually screened for TB to prevent TB outbreaks.
Off-label use limitation of the Super Arrow-Flex® sheath introducer in congenital heart disease interventions
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Piccinelli Enrico , Saliba Zakhia , Fraisse Alain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany interventionists are infatuated by the recent resurgence of the coilwire design with the Super Arrow-Flex® sheath (Teleflex, Inc., NC, United States of America). This exclusive sheath is a highly flexible, durable, conduit intended for use in diagnostic and interventional procedures with several advantages and maximum effectiveness in challenging cases. We report failure to easily advance memory shape occluders through Super Arrow-Flex® sheaths larger than the recommended implant French size. We detail the technical reasons behind this non-previously reported drawback and describe benchside tests as possible solutions.
Percutaneous closure of giant ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm: 22 years after modified BlalockTaussig shunt with a septal occluder device
Authors: Massoud Ikram , Yehia Atef 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is rare (1–2%) and a potentially fatal complication following cardiac surgeries. Surgical repair is still the gold standard treatment of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm. However, endovascular repair methods including stent grafts and Septal Occluder devices have been reported. We report a case of 38-year-old female patient who presented with giant ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm, and aortopulmonary fistula 22 years after modified BlalockTaussig shunt was managed by the transcatheter method. Septal Occluder device 20 mm diameter was delivered to seal the ostium.