bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of in vitro and in vivo approaches on slow appearance rate of starch: a meta‐analysis (1039.10)
Authors: Vinoy Sophie , Goux Aurélie , Jourdan‐Salloum Nathalie , Lesdema Aurélie , Meynier Alexandra 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Decreasing glycemic response (GR) is relevant in the prevention of metabolic diseases. High slowly digestible starch (SDS) could be a good candidate to decrease GR. A meta‐analysis of 5 intervention studies evaluates the strength between SDS and GR, and SDS and appearance rate of carbohydrates (Ra) of cereal foods.Methods: The five selected randomised clinical trials included from 12 to 38 non diseased subjects tested cereal products with different SDS content. Meta‐analyses and meta‐regression models were done to synthesize the evidence. The odd ratios (OR) with 95% of confidence for the adjusted random‐effects models investigate the association between SDS and postprandial metabolism as GR, insulin response and Ra.Results: Cereal products containing high SDS (from 9 to 16g/portion) are 4.4 times more likely to generate low GR and 2.6 times more likely to generate low insulin response than cereal products containing low SDS. The link between slow exogenous Ra and high SDS was even stronger with an OR of 14.6. Strong link (69%) was obtained between exogenous Ra and GR.Conclusion: High SDS (> 9g/portion) in cereal foods induced a lower postprandial glycaemic response, through a slower appearance rate of exogenous carbohydrates, and with a concomitant low insulin response. This meta‐analysis reinforces the interest of SDS on its impact on carbohydrate metabolism in order to prevent the risk of metabolic disease genesis.
The relationship between vitamin D status and markers of diabetes risk in individuals at risk for developing diabetes: preliminary data from the Evidence trial (1041.10)
Authors: Moreira‐Lucas Tracy , Wolever Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Data from epidemiological studies show an inverse association between low levels of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and markers of diabetes risk including high blood glucose levels. The EVIDENCE trial is a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial which aims to examine the effect of vitamin D3 fortified cheese versus placebo on fasting and serum glucose 2h after consuming 75g of glucose (OGTT), insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and markers of inflammation in subjects with low serum 25(OH)D3 (蠄65nmol/ L) and who are at an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty‐one subjects (11M, 10F) with a mean age of 52 ± 12y enrolled in the EVIDENCE trial visited the laboratory after a 12hr overnight fast. Fasting blood samples were drawn from subjects and assayed for 25(OH)D3, glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol. In this sample of participants enrolled in the EVIDENCE trial we observed a significant inverse association between 25(OH)D3 and triglycerides (r= ‐0.5413, p= 0.011) and waist circumference (r= ‐0.4427, p= 0.045). We also observed an moderate inverse association between serum 25(OH)D3 and HbA1c (r= ‐0.270), however it was not statistically significant. No significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D3 and glucose, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol which may be due to the small sample size. These preliminary data suggests that vitamin D status is inversely related to factors which increase an individual’s risk for developing diabetes.The results from the EVIDENCE trial will assist us in obtaining a better understanding of the potential role of vitamin D in modulating some of the risk factors associated with T2D.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Farmers of Canada
Resistant starch promotes vitamin D balance and maintenance of methyl group metabolism in type 1 diabetic rats (1041.8)
Authors: Anderegg Alysse , Schalinske Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, insulin deficiency and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia causes structural damage to the kidneys, resulting in ultrafiltration and imbalance of nutrients such as vitamin D and disruption of various proteins associated with methyl group metabolism and homocysteine regulation. Using streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated rats as a model of T1DM, we have demonstrated that dietary resistant starch (RS) attenuates many complications associated with T1DM including increased urinary excretion of 25,OH vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein. The focus of this study was to further characterize the impact of RS on vitamin D balance and methyl group metabolism in diabetic rats. Female rats (n=36) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, T1DM and T1DM + dietary RS. Control and T1DM rats were fed a standard cornstarch diet during the 8‐wk treatment period, whereas T1DM + RS groups were fed a high amylose cornstarch diet (36% resistant to digestion). T1DM rats exhibited polyuria, hyperglycemia, decreased urinary creatinine excretion (2.3 fold) and increased hepatic (1.2 fold) and renal (~2 fold) GNMT activity. Dietary RS attenuated these complications. Future research will focus on understanding the mechanism by which dietary RS promotes regulation of vitamin d and methyl group metabolism.Body characters no spaces: 1217 / Body characters with spaces: 1428 Total characters no spaces: 1455Grant Funding Source: Supported by Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University
Effects of high‐fat high‐carbohydrate diet on pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold in rat (1042.6)
Authors: Hasan Zuheir , Alzoubi Karem 
Published: June 2021

There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is a casual factor in different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and epilepsy. We have previously shown that consumption of high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diet (HFCD) induces oxidative stress, which results in hippocampal neuron damage, hence impairment of learning and memory, which was reversed Vitamin E (Vit E).Damage in the hippocampus due to consumption of HFCD could alter synaptic transmission and may increase susceptibility to seizures. This study examined the effects of chronic consumption of HFCD on susceptibility to seizures using PTZ seizure threshold test. Male Wistar rats (250‐ 300 gms) were randomly assigned to four groups: control, HFCD, Vit E, and HFCD diet with Vit E (HFCD + Vit E). Vit E and/or HFCD were concurrently administered to animals for 6 weeks. Thereafter, PTZ seizure threshold was measured in control and treated rats. Results revealed that PTZ seizure threshold was significantly reduced in rats consuming HFCD. This effect was reversed in rats consuming HFCD and concurrently administered Vit E. No significant change in PTZ seizures threshold was detected in rats on regular diet and treated with Vit E. These data suggest that prolonged consumption of HFCD increases susceptibility to PTZ‐induced seizures. Such an effect may be related to HFCD‐ induced oxidative stress and was prevented by the antioxidant vitamin E, probably through normalizing antioxidant mechanism in the hippocampus.Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from Arabian Gulf University and Jordan University of Science and Technology
Zinc supplementation decreased ZIP4 mRNA abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rural women in south Ethiopia (1043.4)
Authors: Bogale Alemtsehay , Clarke Stephen , Stoecker Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Understanding the control of zinc homeostasis as a result of chronic deficiency is hampered due to a lack of effective measures to assess Zn status. This randomized placebo‐controlled Zn supplementation trial in apparently healthy women evaluated effects of 20 mg Zn as Zn sulfate for 23 d on Zn transporter and metallothionein (MT) mRNA abundance and plasma Zn concentration. Non‐pregnant, non‐lactating women from rural southern Ethiopia with body mass index of 18.5‐24.9 were participants. PBMC collected from fasting blood at baseline and endpoint were stored in RNAlater. RNA was extracted from PBMC, reverse‐transcribed, and used for gene expression analyses. The mRNA abundance of Zn transporters (ZnT1/ZIP3/ZIP4) and MT1 was determined by qPCR. Plasma Zn was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Abundance of ZIP4 decreased following Zn supplementation (p =0.04), though ZnT1, ZIP3 and MT1 abundance was unchanged. Despite these differences in expression, ZnT1 and ZIP4 abundance were correlated following Zn supplementation (r = 0. 934; p = 0.002). The mean (±SD) plasma Zn at baseline was 680±105 µg/L for the Zn group and 741±92 µg/L for the placebo group. At endpoint, plasma Zn in the Zn group increased to 735±79 µg/L (p<0.01) while the placebo group (717±103 µg/L) did not change from baseline (p = 0.31). Plasma Zn was not significantly related to abundance of mRNA for any Zn transporter or for MT. The observed change in ZIP4 mRNA abundance with Zn supplementation merits further investigation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
Bioaccessibility of carotenoids and their distribution in lipoprotein fractions: comparison from two different sources in a randomized clinical trial (1044.21)
Authors: Ok Hyang , Jung Hye , Park Min , Do Gyeong‐Min , Kwon Oran 
Published: June 2021

Both Chlorella and marigold are good sources of carotenoids. This study was performed to compare the bioaccessibility and lipoprotein distribution of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, α‐carotene, and β‐carotene) from Chlorella and marigold in human plasma and buccal mucosa cells (BMC). In a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, and parallel design, twenty‐six healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=6), Chlorella (n=10), or marigold (n=10) for 6 weeks. The doses of Chlorella and marigold were adjusted to provide the same amount of lutein at 10mg/d. At each week, fasting plasma levels of carotenoids were determined by HPLC, resulting in a significantly higher bioaccessibility in the Chlorella group compared to the marigold group. The levels of carotenoids in plasma and BMC were positively correlated at week 6, suggesting a potential use of BMC as a non‐invasive biomarker for bioaccessibility. Plasma levels of VLDL, HDL, and LDL were measured together with the levels of carotenoids in each lipoprotein fraction and then distribution of carotenoids in lipoprotein fractions was studied, showing a predominant localization of carotenoids in LDL fraction regardless of the sources. Future study is warranted for the potential role of carotenoids as preventive agents against LDL oxidation.*This research was supported by MSIP/NRF Project (2012M3A9C4048761) and MEST/BK21 PLUS (22A20130012143).
The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from pineapple, mango and papaya are not compromised by their dietary fiber but to their amylaceous carbohydrates (1044.23)
Authors: Velderrain‐Rodriguez Gustavo , González‐Aguilar Gustavo , Ayala‐Zavala Jesus , Wall‐Medrano Abraham , Astiazarán‐García Humberto , Robles‐Sanchez Rosario , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia 
Published: June 2021

Physicochemical studies have shown that dietary fiber (DF) interacts with phenolic compounds (PC) present in many fruits. However PC release from DF in simulated gastrointestinal conditions has been scarcely reported. The aim of this study was to compare PC bio accessibility from freeze‐dried pulps of Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo; MA), papaya (Carica papaya cv. Maradol; PM) and pineapple (Anana comosus cv. Esmeralda; PE) in an enzymatic digestion model (EDM). Soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF) and total (TDF) DF and Klason lignin (KL) were assayed in 100g of dry weight (DW). MetOH : Water (80:20 v/v‐ Extractable (EPC) and total (TPC) PC, condensed (CT) and hydrolysable (HT) tannins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to reduce DPPH and ABTS radicals and fractions of PC associated (PCADF) to DF (SDF, IDF and TDF) were expressed in 100g fresh weight (FW). PC release from MA, PM and PE was also evaluated in EDM. PE had the highest (p<0.05) content of TDF (6.8g) and IDF (5.0g) but lesser SDF (1.8g) than MA &amp; PM but KL was not detected in any fruit. MA showed a higher content (p蠄0.001) of EPC, HT and TPF (144.3, 130.0 y 274.3 mgEAG, respectively) than PM or PE. TAC of PE and PM was 73.4%/28.2% less than in MA (p蠄0.001) which directly correlate (rs蠅0.95) with EPC, HT and TPF content but inversely with TDF and IDF (rs蠅 0.87) of all three fruits. The lower the TDF and IDF (rs= ‐0.62) or higher TPC and EPC (rs=0.88) content the higher PCADF even when they represented 蠄6.1% TPC of all three fruits. In EDM 58, 47 and 56% of TFC present in MA, PM and PE were released with gastric pepsin and a further 33, 20 and 47% was liberated with α‐amylase which coincided with DPPH‐TAC at both enzymatic stages (rs=0.98 and 0.91, respectively). It is concluded that bio‐accessibility of phenolic compounds from Pineapple, Mango and Papaya are not compromised by their dietary fiber but for their amylaceous carbohydrates.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACyT (Investigación Científica Básica 2012, Proyecto 179574)
A single ascending dose, initial clinical pharmacokinetic and safety study of ursolic acid in healthy adult volunteers (1044.6)
Authors: Hirsh Steven , Huber Luke , Zhang Peter , Stein Richard , Joyal Steven 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the safety and pK parameters after administration of a single ascending oral dose of ursolic acid.Methods: 14 subjects were administered a single oral ascending dose of ursolic acid 100mg, 500mg and 1000mg. pK assessements were conducted at pre‐dose, 0.5 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr.Safety assessments were also conducted.Results: Statistical analysis was conducted for 11 subjects who had completed the trial with no serious adverse events reported. For the 100mg dose: 4 subjects‐ ursolic content was noted at 5 timepoints at 0.5hr‐8hr with 4 timepoints‐ levels were lower than LLOQ (lower limit of quantification‐10.5ng/ml) and in 7 subjects, ursolic acid content was not observed. For the 500mg dose: ursolic acid content was observed in 6 subjects at 12 timepoints at 1‐12hr with 10 timepoints‐the levels were lower than LLOQ and in 5 subjects, ursolic acid content was not observed. For the 1000mg dose: ursolic acid content was observed in 9 subjects at 21 timepoints at 1‐12 hr with 12 timepoints‐the levels were lower than LLOQ and in 2 subjects, ursolic acid content was not observed.Conclusion: These results revealed low and variable bioavailability for oral ursolic acid in human subjects. Possible reasons could include: Poor water solubility with decreased absorption and rapid elimination, metabolism by the gut wall and liver with poor intestinal absorption. Metabolism of ursolic acid by the human gut microbiome may yield variability in the peak plasma levels. Human peak level results differ remarkably from the peak levels observed in the preclinical animal research.
Degradation of chromatin modifiers, histone deacetylases, by Spirulina platensis extracts in macrophages (1045.11)
Authors: Pham Tho , Lee Ji‐Young 
Published: June 2021

The roles of dietary components in the modulation of chromatin modifiers, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), to control gene transcription are largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the organic extract of Spirulina platensis (SPE), a blue‐green alga, potently inhibited the expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate whether SPE ameliorates inflammation through the modulation of HDACs. We found that SPE facilitated rapid degradation of HDAC2, 4 and 9 in a time and dose‐dependent manner in RAW 264.7 macrophages. More specifically, HDAC4 was more labile and sensitive to SPE when compared to HDAC2. The increased HDAC degradation by SPE was not unique to RAW 264.7 macrophages, but also occurred in bone marrow‐derived macrophages and other cell lines. Inhibition of proteasomes, lysosomal acidification, or calpain proteases with MG132 (10 μM), chloroquine (50 μM), or calpeptin (20 μg/mL), respectively, revealed that SPE facilitated the degradation of HDAC4 at least partly via lysosomes and calpain proteases, but not proteasomes. In contrast, the degradation of HDAC2 by SPE was not attenuated by the inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that SPE can regulate the protein levels of HDACs and therefore might potentially possess an epigenetic mode of action for the regulation of gene transcription.Grant Funding Source: Funded by NIH R21AT005152
Sulforaphane influences histone methylation in advanced prostate cancer cells (1045.15)
Authors: Watson G , Wickramasekara S , Palomera‐Sanchez Z , Black C , Maier C , Williams D , Dashwood R , Ho E 
Published: June 2021

Sulforaphane (SFN) supplementation is well tolerated and exhibits cancer‐selective cytotoxicity in preclinical models. SFN decreases global DNA‐methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, two classes of chromatin modifying enzymes (CME) involved in heterochromatin (HC) establishment and stability. HC marks co‐occur due to coordinated CME activity; therefore, we hypothesized that deficiencies in DNMT and HDAC activity would lead to alterations in histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity. SFN (15 µM) led to a global decrease in histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) in PC3 PCa cells. Investigation into the underlying mechanism suggests SFN influences the H3K9 HMT SUV39H1. SFN leads to SUV39H1 ubiquitination and acetylation, posttranslational marks that are associated with SUV39H1 instability and reduced enzymatic activity. SUV39H1 modification coincided with decreased HC stability. Inhibition of SUV39H1 activity by small molecule inhibitor is cytotoxic to PCa cells, suggesting SUV39H1 inactivation contributes to the cancer‐suppressive activity associated with SFN. Our results suggest that destabilization of HC plays an active role in mediating cytotoxicity in response to SFN and supports further development of SFN as a therapeutic option and SUV39H1 as a therapeutic target for PCa.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH P01 CA090890
Milk lactoferrin supplementation enhances early brain development and cognition in postnatal piglets (1045.27)
Authors: Wang Bing , Chen Yue , Zheng Zhi , Zhu Xi , Shi Yu , Tian Dan , Troy Frederic 
Published: June 2021

Background: Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron‐binding, sialylated glycoprotein prevalent in milk, and known to have multifunctional health benefits. Its potential role in neurodevelopment and cognition remains unknown.Objective: To determine the functional effect and underlying molecular biochemical mechanism of milk lactoferrin on early brain development and cognitive function in postnatal piglets.Method: 3‐day‐old male piglets (n=33) were randomly allocated 2 groups with supplemented Lf at a dose level of 155 mg/kg/d for 38 days. Global gene expression profile and the selected target gene and protein expression were determined. Learning and memory were assessed using an eight‐arm radial maze.Results: Dietary Lf enhanced the piglet learning speed and long‐term memory. Several gene expression pathways associated with promoting neurodevelopment and cognitive functions in Lf treatment group were up‐regulated in hippocampus. At least ten genes involved in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in the hippocampus were affected.Conclusion: Dietary promotes early brain development and cognitive functions by up‐regulating the BDNF signaling pathway in postnatal piglets.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Xiamen University and Nestle Research Centre Beijing
Astragalin inhibition of oxidative stress‐induced airway epithelial fibrosis by blocking autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction (1045.30)
Authors: Cho In‐Hee , Gong Ju‐Hyun , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

Chronic asthma is characterized by ongoing airway inflammation with involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cellular signaling cascades, leading to subepithelial fibrosis. This study examined that 72 h‐exposure of 20 μM H2O2 promoted airway fibrosis with concurrent loss of E‐cadherin and induction of collagen type 1 in airway epithelial BEAS‐2B cells, which was reversed by astragalin non‐toxic at 1‐20 μM. This study further investigated that the regulation of autophagy was responsible for inducing airway fibrosis. Growing evidence has revealed the crucial involvement of autophagy in the ROS‐associated pathogenic processes underlying pulmonary diseases. H2O2 highly enhanced the induction of the autophagy‐related beclin‐1 expression within 48 h. Astragalin blocked the beclin‐1 induction and mTOR activation by H2O2, indicating that this compound may inhibit ROS‐promoted the initiation of the formation of the autophagosome in autophagy. In addition, astragalin deterred the expression induction of the mitophagy marker LC3A/B in 48 h‐H2O2‐exposed BEAS‐2B cells. These results demonstrate that dietary astragalin can be effective in blocking ROS‐promoted bronchial epithelial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagosome initiation through mTOR activation and by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Brain Korea 21 plus
Resveratrol suppresses TH2 cytokine production linked to MAPK activation in IgE‐antigen complex‐exposed basophilic mast cells (1045.31)
Authors: Han Seon‐Young , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

Mast cells contribute to the development and progression of TH2 cytokine‐mediated allergic inflammation and cooperate with other immune cells to promote optimal TH2 cytokine responses in vivo. play important roles in allergic reaction. Our current study examined whether resveratrol suppressed the production of inflammatory TH2 cytokines in the allergic model using cultured rat basophilic leukemia RBL‐2H3 cells. Basophilic mast cells pre‐treated with resveratrol non‐toxic at 1‐25 μM were sensitized with anti‐dinitrophenyl‐immunoglobulin E (anti‐DNP‐IgE), and subsequently stimulated by DNP‐human serum albumin antigen. Resveratrol dose‐dependently diminished the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐3, IL‐4, IL‐13 and tumor necrosis factor‐α from anti‐DNP‐IgE‐sensitized cells, evidenced by ELISA. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that 1‐25 μM resveratrol dose‐dependently mitigated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK elevated in mast cells exposed to IgE‐antigen complex. Taken together, these results showed that resveratrol inhibited TH2 cytokine responses linked to MAPK signaling. Therefore, resveratrol may possess the therapeutic potential of targeting basophilic mast cells in preventing or alleviating the development and progression of allergic inflammation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Brain Korea 21 plus