bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian Health Service
Authors: Zinaman J. Martin 
Published: December 2021

I was surprised at how little resemblance there was between the Indian Health Service described in your Committee on Indian Health Report (October 1971) and the IHS Oklahoma Area where I served for two years (Tahlequah and Claremore Indian Hospitals) . If it were to serve as a prototype for all Federal agencies with health problems then we would have
1. many government-run unaccredited hospitals;
2. frequent shortages and limited selection of drugs;
CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIETIC ANEMIA, TYPE II: REPORT OF TWO CASES AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Murphy Sharon , Oski Frank 
Published: December 2021

Two children with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II, are described and contrasted. This recently recognized disorder of unknown pathogenesis is characterized by variable degrees of anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice. Diagnosis was established by the demonstration of erythroid hyperplasia and erythroblastic multinuclearity in the bone marrow, and a positive acidified serum test.
Erythrokinetic studies revealed a significant degree of ineffective erythropoiesis. One of the patients demonstrated Gaucher cells in the marrow as a presumed consequence of the increased rate of red blood cell destruction. Means of distinguishing this autosomal recessive disorder from other refractory anemias is discussed.
INOCULATION FOR SMALLPOX (VARIOLATION) AS PERFORMED IN ENGLAND PRIOR TO JENNER'S DISCOVERY
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Variolation, or the attempt to transfer smallpox artificially from human to human, introduced into England in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762), was widely practiced there until superseded by the much safer method of vaccination discovered by Edward Jenner (1749-1823).
A good description of how variolation was performed in eighteenth century England is given below.
The most proper time of the year to inoculate for the small-pox appears to me to be in April or May, and the most suitable age to be between a child getting its teeth and twelve or thirteen years of age, though if natural infection be feared or convenience requires it the business may be safely done at any other age, or in any other season of the year. The diseases which seem to forbid inoculation to be performed upon any person, are only those of a feverish kind, or which are attended with a feverish state such as the ague.
When a determination is made to inoculate any one, I would advise the intended patient to abstain from animal food, spirituous and fermented liquors and spices for ten days or a fortnight before. He may eat milk, bread, light pudding, vegetables, fruits of all kinds, panada etc. He should also avoid cold, fear, and every excess. An adult at this time may take from three to five grains of mercurius dulcis at bed-time, and an ounce or an ounce and a half of Glauber's salts dissolved in water in the morning so as to procure a gentle purging.
Phytotic (Mycotic) Intracranial Aneurysm With an Unusual Pathogenesis
Authors: Steele Jeffrey J. , Kilburn H. Lee , Leech Richard W. 
Published: December 2021

Aneurysms which are formed when the wall of an artery is weakened from within by infection are generally called "mycotic" even though the most common infection is by pyogenic bacteria rather than by fungi. This report documents the unusual and unexpected postmortem finding of an awn of a grass inflorescence as the nidus for the pathogenesis of a mycotic aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. Such an etiology should typically be termed "phytotic."
Case Summary
A previously healthy 5½-year-old boy was treated for otitis media three weeks prior to admission. This responded to a combination of intramuscularly and orally administered antibiotics.
Condyloma Acuminata
Authors: Dandoy Suzanne 
Published: December 2021

In the article by Patel and Groff on Condyloma Acuminata in Childhood, the authors state the following: "Laboratory data: all results, including a tine test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed test were within normal limits."
The tine test is a test for tuberculosis; the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a test for syphilis. I do not recall that the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory in Atlanta has ever used the tine test as a diagnostic tool for venereal disease. Which test was actually performed in this case?
CURRENT CONCEPTS CONCERNING THE HEPATITIS VIRUSES
Authors: Carver David H. , Seto Dexter S. Y. 
Published: December 2021

While the discovery of Australia antigen and its relationship to hepatitis B has provided both the stimulus and the mechanism for much productive research, further work with both of these agents is essential before the diseases they produce are thoroughly understood and eventually eliminated.
More detailed descriptions of recent developments in hepatitis research are available in three recent journal issues entirely devoted to the subject. The American Journal of Diseases of Children in April 1972 (vol 123) published the papers given at the International Children's Centre Seminar on Viral Hepatitis and the British Medical Bulletin for May 1972 (vol 28) published a number of papers designed to give a survey of current knowledge in this field. A special issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal (vol. 106, February 26, 1972) includes the proceedings of the 1971 International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis which was held in Toronto, Canada.
Atlas Of Roentgen Anatomy Of The Newborn And Infant Skull (Including Illustrations of Some Pathologic Changes and Congenital Variations with Emphasis on Fetal Radiology), by Charles N. Chasler, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.R. St. Louis: Warren H. Green, Inc., 1972, 212 pp., $22.50
Authors: Heller Richard M. 
Published: December 2021

While no new frontiers are opened, and there is no information to startle most pediatric radiologists, Dr. Chasler has produced a beautifully illustrated and well written monograph on radiology of the newborn and fetal skull. Its merit lies in the straight forward presentation of common problems and their solution.
The atlas is only 212 pages long. The first four of the seven sections discuss and illustrate the normal anatomy of the premature and fullterm infant skull as visualized by X-ray, abnormalities in size and shape of the newborn skull, congenital dysplasias limited to the skull (e.g., lückenschädel, premature craniosynostosis), and the skull in the congenital dysplasias (e.g., osteopetrosis).
HYPERDIBASICAMINOACIDURIA IN A MENTALLY RETARDED HOMOZYGOTE WITH A PECULIAR RESPONSE TO PHENOTHIAZINES
Authors: Kihara Hayato , Valente Mario , Porter Myna T. , Fluharty Arvan L. 
Published: December 2021

A mentally retarded patient believed to be homozygous for the transport mutant, hyperdibasicaminoaciduria, is described. The trait is characterized by increased excretion rates of the basic amino acids, lysine, arginine, and ornithine. Plasma levels of these amino acids are normal, so renal excretion is not the result of increased plasma levels, but is rather due to impaired renal tubular reabsorption of the basic amino acids. Subnormal increase in plasma lysine levels after oral lysine loading implies impaired intestinal as well as renal transport of basic amino acids.
The parents of the proband are first cousins of Italian extraction. Their excretion rates of basic amino acids, while modest relative to those of the proband, are considerably higher than in control subjects.
This patient came to our attention because of a history of adverse reactions to chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril), and fluphenazine (Prolixin) consisting of dysarthria, Parkinsonian movement, and bradykinesia. She recovered fully after the chlorpromazine and the thioridazine were discontinued. However, after the fluphenazine was discontinued she was left with a permanent residual of dysarthria and athetosis.
STILBESTROL AND ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE VAGINA
Authors: Yaffe Sumner J. , Bierman Charles W. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arnold P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo , Weiss Charles F. , Chudzik Gregory , Shirkey Harry C. , Soyka Lester F. , Leger Jacques , Farchione Louis , Lockhart Jean D. , Sawchuk Steven , Ballin John C. , Simopoulos Artemis P. , Done Alan K. 
Published: December 2021

One of the most important concepts in pediatric pharmacology is that exposure to drugs or chemicals may have latent, unforeseen effects on the child later in life. Some of the most dramatic occurrences, other than teratogenesis, are those in which hormonal exposure during the fetal or newborn period alters adult sexual development. However, none of these episodes is more impressive and ominous than that reported by Herbst et al.1 Herbst, an obstetrician at the Massachusetts General Hospital, was intrigued by the presentation of seven patients with adenocarcinoma of the vagina, an extremely rare tumor not previously seen at the hospital. The patients ranged in age from 14 to 22 years and sought medical advice because of vaginal bleeding. Several had benign adenosis, suggesting that the malignant change seen in all was based on a fundamental alteration in the biology of the vaginal epithelium. Six of the patients were treated with radical surgery, and one was treated with wide, local excision. One of the patients died after surgery.
In what could serve as a model of a scientifically conducted, epidemiologic study, each of the seven patients, plus an additional patient from another hospital, was matched with four controls born in the same hospital within four days. Thus, the "control" group was chosen in a manner to eliminate many biases of artificially contrived control populations. A wide variety of possible influences in both mothers and offspring were considered, e.g., maternal age, smoking habits, exposure to X-rays, breast-feeding, birth weight, age at menarche, medications during pregnancy, and so forth.
ANTIHISTAMINES IN TOPICAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Yaffe Sumner J. , Bierman Charles W. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arnold P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo 
Published: December 2021

Antihistamines were introduced in France by Halpern in 1942 and in the United States at the end of World War II; they had been investigated extensively during the war for therapy of motion sickness. By the late 1940s, a mass of information on the structure activity relationship had accumulated and most major drug manufacturens had introduced antihistamines into the market for oral, parenteral, and topical administration. Topical use was efficacious in acute dermatitis because the local anesthetic activity of the drugs diminished pruritus.
The first reports of sensitization to the topical antihistamines, which began to appear in 1947, incriminated tnipelennamine (Pyribenzamine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), antazoline (Antistine), and pheniramine (Trimeton).1-4 In the ensuing 25 years, though thousands of instances of antihistamine contact dermatitis have occurred, many topical antihistamines remain on the market. The Committee is concerned about the use of topical antihistamines which are sold over the counter for use in such conditions as chickenpox and poison ivy. Table I lists most of the preparations currently available for topical use.
CLASSES OF ANTIHISTAMINES
The antihistamines are classified according to their chemical structure into five primary groups as shown in Table II. Each drug carries its own index of sensitization and other adverse effects when employed topically. The ethylenediamine derivatives include the following: antazoline phosphate (Antistine), promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan*), and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine). They are particularly active in inducing contact dermatitis and were responsible for the cases first reported.5,6 Ethylenediamine, because of its dibasic structure, is widely used in various organic syntheses for the preparation of dyes, inhibitors, rubber accelerators, fungicides, synthetic waxes, resins, insecticides, and asphalt-wetting agents.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain: Recurrent Controversy
Authors: Deamer William C. 
Published: December 2021

The article on recurrent abdominal pain, headache and limb pains by Dr. Øster1 in the September issue of Pediatrics will, I am sure, bring almost as much reader comment as was generated by Dr. Barbero's2 May 1970 article on recurrent abdominal pain.
In one series of 96 children with the allergic tension-fatigue syndrome seen in our Pediatric Allergy Clinic and privately, the six most common complaints–other than respiratory tract symptoms which usually motivated their referral–were in order: headache, 61%; recurrent abdominal pain, 58%; nervous tension or irritability, 52%; pallor, 52%; fatigue or tiredness, 47%; and limb pains, 36%.
A PERSPECTIVE ON HEXACHLOROPHENE
Authors: Gluck Louis 
Published: December 2021

Hexachlorophene is highly effective in the control of colonization and disease with Staphylococcus aureus in both normal and high risk nurseries, when properly used, including correct cord and skin care.
However, much more about this compound needs to be known, particularly more about the metabolism in the human, absorption, excretion, body storage, tissue distribution, and so forth.
COMMENTS ON FDA HEXACHLOROPHENE POSITION PAPER
Authors: Trout Monroe E. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to comment on several points made in the FDA position paper.
It is our understanding that the death from staphylococcal disease which occurred in Florida was that of an infant who was not bathed with hexachlorophene. As a matter of fact, in that hospital there was marked conflict among the staff. Some had their babies bathed with hexachlorophene and others did not. The staff members themselves did not know which infants were or were not bathed with hexachlorophene in that particular nursery nor the manner in which they were bathed. However, I think that one thing is quite obvious and that is that there was a definite break in the nursery routine from a position of having all the babies bathed with hexachlorophene to a haphazard bathing with a resultant rise in staphylococcal disease.
I think the FDA's allusion to neuropathological changes in autopsy material from California have been adequately answered by Dr. Davis' studies which were presented at this meeting. I do think that a false impression is left with the reader if he only reads FDA's comments about this study in California. It is interesting to note that there were two representatives from the University of Cincinnati present at the conference and neither one of them mentioned any study about neuropathological changes in infants at the University of Cincinnati. However, obviously something was communicated to the FDA but I find it strange that no mention was made of the study during the discussion of neuropathology at the conference
THE ASSESSMENT AND RECORDING OF MEASUREMENTS OF GROWTH OF CHILDREN: REPORT OF A SMALL CONFERENCE
Authors: Owen George M. 
Published: December 2021

The most widely used standards for height and weight, those of Stuart and Meredith, are still appropriate references, although they do not accurately represent the U.S. child population. New standards based on current measurements of more representative population samples should be substituted and their use promoted. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Maternal and Child Health Service are currently exploring arrangements to accomplish this goal. Studies should be undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of routine physical measures for detecting disorders of growth as indicators of significant disease.
If measures other than length-height, weight, and head circumference prove meaningful for evaluating physical growth and if more productive interpretations of traditional physical growth data become possible, the American Academy of Pediatrics should disseminate this information and encourage its application through educational programs. Included in such an effort should be development of recording instruments which would increase accuracy, encourage and facilitate use of these measures, and enhance their interpretation.
TRANSIENT BACTEREMIA DURING DENTAL MANIPULATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Berry Frederic A. , Yarbrough Sandra , Yarbrough Nelson , Russell Catherine M. , Carpenter Martha A. , Hendley J. Owen 
Published: December 2021

Pediatric patients with moderate to severe dental abnormalities were screened for bacteremia during restoration and/or extraction of carious teeth under general anesthesia. Blood cultures were obtained before nasotracheal intubation, after intubation, after restoration of carious teeth but before extraction, following extraction of teeth, and in the immediate postoperative period. All cultures before intubation were negative in the 34 children studied. Twelve percent were positive after nasotracheal intubation (p &lt; .05), 16% were positive after restoration of carious teeth (p &lt; 0.025), 65% were positive after extraction of carious teeth (p &lt; .0005), and 14% were positive in the recovery room (p &lt; .025).
Although the incidence of bacteremia in these pediatric patients was lower than the incidence reported in adults following dental procedures, the need for the prophylactic administration of antibiotics in children with heart disease who are to undergo dental manipulations is clear.
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE PRESSURE ON LUNG MECHANICS IN IDIOPATHIC RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Bancalari Eduardo , Garcia Otto L. , Jesse Mary Jane 
Published: December 2021

Changes in lung mechanics produced by continuous thoracic negative pressure, (CNP) were determined in twelve newborn infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS).
CNP produced a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension, with no change in pH, and HCO-3.
Minute ventilation decreased with CNP but Paco2 did not change significantly, suggesting a reduction in physiologic dead space while CNP was applied.
Functional residual capacity increased to 127% of its initial value, after the institution of CNP.
Dynamic lung compliance decreased to approximately 56% of its previous value with CNP. This change in compliance may be explained if the increase in FRC was not only due to expansion of collapsed alveoli, but also to overdistention of the functioning units.
CAPILLARY BLOOD SAMPLING IN THE INFANT: USEFULNESS AND LIMITATIONS OF TWO METHODS OF SAMPLING, COMPARED WITH ARTERIAL BLOOD
Authors: Hunt Carl E. 
Published: December 2021

Measurements of simultaneous arterial, histamine capillary (HC), and plain capillary (PC) pH, Pco2 and Po2 in 46 infants have indicated the clinical usefulness and limitations of blood so obtained.
Arterial, HC, and PC pH can be used interchangeably for calculation of base deficit (BD). HC and PC Pco2 are identical, but average 10 mm Hg more than Paco2 within the usual clinical range. The resultant error in capillary BD as compared to arterial or venous BD can be minimized by the regression equation: arterial BD = 1.3 (PC BD) + 3.9.
For Po2, the two capillary methods are comparable when the Pao2 is less than 60 to 70 mm Hg. By either capillary method, a Po2 of 30 represented an average Pao2 of 30, 50 represented 60 and a capillary Po2 of 60 indicated a Pao2 of approximately 90 mm Hg. A PC or HC Po2 greater than 60 to 70 mm Hg did not allow for an accurate and reliable estimation of Pao2. When concerned with a precise quantitation of cardiopulmonary status in any critically ill infant, therefore, there is still no substitute for arterial sampling.
ABNORMAL THYROXINE METABOLISM IN HYPOSOMATOTROPHIC DWARFISM AND INHIBITION OF RESPONSIVENESS TO TRH DURING GH THERAPY
Authors: Porter Basil A. , Refetoff Samuel , Rosenfield Robert L. , De Groot Leslie J. , Fang Victor S. , Stark V. 
Published: December 2021

Thyrotropin (TSH) release and thyroxine metabolism have been studied in order to determine whether human growth hormone (GH) administration is causally related to the occasional development of secondary hypothyroidism in GH-deficient dwarfs. Five hyposomatotrophic dwarfs and one normal child were studied. The TSH response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was normal in all, regardless of thyroid functional status. Before GH administration, two of the three clinically euthyroid dwarfs were found to have daily thyroxine degradation rates in the hypothyroid range although serum total and free thyroxine levels were normal. Following six to ten days of GH treatment, TSH levels fell slightly and the TSH response to TRH was blunted. During long-term GH treatment of four dwarfs no significant change in thyroid function was observed. In addition, TSH responsiveness to TRH recovered in three of these four chronically treated patients, including one who was frankly hypothyroid. The growth rate of the three clinically euthyroid dwarfs improved during long-term GH therapy; nevertheless, the addition of 50µg triiodothyronine to the treatment regimen of the dwarf in whom the thyroxine degradation rate was lowest resulted in a markedly improved growth rate.
These studies indicate that a state of hypothyroidism that is undetectable by measurement of total serum thyroxine and free thyroxine exists in some GH-deficient patients. GH may be necessary for normal thryoxine metabolism and action. Such a GH effect might explain the observed influence of GH on TSH release. On the other hand, the demonstrated abnormality in thyroxine metabolism may result from mild, preexisting TSH deficiency.
Pediatric Nursing, ed. 2, by Helen C. Latham, R.N., M.L., M.S., and Robert V. Heckel, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., with the collaboration of Joyce A. Vermeersch, B.S., M.P.H. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1972, 490 pp., $9.75
Authors: Stevens A. Denise 
Published: December 2021

The major emphasis in the book appears to be on normal growth and development, the child in society, and psychological reaction to hospitalization. Yet it does not discuss stage theories of personality development, such as those of Erik Erikson, which are now commonly used in laying the foundation for principles of growth and development with students in pediatric nursing.
Its treatment of disease conditions is general and written in very simple terms. (Example: in discussing rheumatic fever, there is no mention of major and minor manifestations, and only the major symptoms of carditis, polyarthritis, and chorea are discussed, and briefly, at that.)
ROLE OF THE COURTS
Authors: Kelley Florence M. 
Published: December 2021

It is important to know what the courts can do and cannot do in the area of abused and neglected children.
Often the Family Court is listed as an agency. It is not an agency. It is part of the court system. Its operation is circumscribed by the concept of being a real court. For a long time there was a theory that the Family Court or Juvenile Court could be a kind of social work oriented operation, not quite a real court, not truly a social work agency. This concept has been abandoned.
The Family Court is a court of record and is in all aspects a court. It is dependent in the action it takes on evidence which must conform to strict rules that are laid down. It is an adversary proceeding. It is not enough to produce a child that looks as if it has been beaten. A judge in the Family Court also has before him the person who may be charged with having beaten the child. That person, be it a parent or guardian, is entitled to counsel, to help in his defense. The adversary process then takes place. Persons bring forth evidence to show that the parent did abuse the child. The parent is enabled under the court system to bring forth before the judge evidence that he or she did not do it. It is then up to the judge to give this evidence due weight and make a decision as to whether or not the allegations have been proven.