bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric Feasibility of Moderately Hypofractionated/dose Escalated Radiation Therapy for Localised Prostate Cancer With Intensity-modulated Proton Beam Therapy Using Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB-IMPT) and Impact of Hydrogel Prostate-rectum Spacer
Authors: Khalil Dalia Ahmad , Jazmati Danny , Geismar Dirk , Wulff Jörg , Bäumer Christian , Kramer Paul-Heinz , Steinmeier Theresa , Schulze-Schleitthoff Stefanie , Plaude Sandija , Bischoff Martin , Tschirdewahn Stephan , Hadaschik Boris , Timmermann Beate 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To examine the dosimetric feasibility of hypofractionated/dose escalated radiation therapy in patients with localized prostate carcinoma using simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated proton beam therapy (SIB-IMPT) in absence or presence of prostate-rectum spacer. Methods: IMPT technique was implemented in 23 patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer treated at West German Proton Therapy Centre from March 2016 till June 2018, using SIB technique prescribing 60 GyRBE and 72 GyRBE in 30 fractions to PTV1 (prostate and seminal vesicle) and PTV2 boost (prostate and proximal seminal vesicle), respectively. In 15 patients, a transperineal injection of hydrogel was applied prior to radiotherapy to increase the distance between prostate and rectum. Planning and all treatments were performed with a 120 ml fluid-filled endorectal balloon customised daily for each patient. For each patient, 2 lateral IMPT beams were implemented taking a field-specific range uncertainty (RU) into account. Dose volume histograms (DVH) were analyzed for PTV2, PTV2 with range uncertainty margin (PTV2RU), rectum, bladder, right/left femoral heads, and penile bulb. For late rectal toxicities, the normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) were calculated using different biological models. A DVH- and NTCP-based dosimetric comparison was carried out between non-spacer and spacer groups. Results: For the 23 patients, high-quality plans could be achieved for target volume and for other organs at risk (OARs). For PTV2, the V107% was 0% and the Dmax did not exceed 106.2% of the prescribed dose. The volume PTV2RU covered by 95% of the dose ranged from 96.16- 99.95%. The conformality index (CI) for PTV2RU was 1.12±0.057 and the homogeneity index (HI) was 1.04±0.014. Rectum Dmax and rectal volume receiving 73 to 50 Gy could be further reduced for the spacer-group. Significant reductions in mean and median rectal NTCPs (stenosis/necrosis, late rectal bleeding ≥ 2, and late rectal toxicities ≥ 3) were predicted for the spacer group in comparison to the non-spacer group. Conclusion: Hypofractionated/dose escalated radiotherapy with SIB-IMPT is dosimetrically feasible. Further reduction of the rectal volumes receiving high and medium dose levels (73 -50 Gy) and rectal NTCP could be achieved through injection of spacers between rectum and prostate.
WNT pathway alteration is related to dysplastic cortical tissue and not to adjacent tissue of patients with FCD and refractory epilepsy
Authors: Marinowic Daniel , Zanirati Gabriele G. , Majolo Fernanda , Xavier Fernando A. C. , Rodrigues Felipe V. F. , Neto Eliseu P. , Palmini André L. F. , de Abreu José G. , Machado Denise C. , Costa Jaderson C. da 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of the cortical development that cause medical refractory seizures and the only treatment may be surgical resection of the affected area of the brain. People affected by FCD may present seizures of variable severity since childhood. The physiopathology of the disease is not yet understood, however it is known that several genes alterations may play their role. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with cell transformation and migration and for this reason may be crucial for understanding FCD’s aetiology. The aim of this study was to explore genes related to the WNT/β-catenin pathway in patients with FCD type II.
Methods

Dysplastic tissue and tissue adjacent to the primary dysplastic lesion of patients with FCD type II were obtained from two patients who underwent surgical treatment. The analysis of the relative expression of genes was performed by a qRT-PCR array containing 84 genes related to the WNT pathway.
Results

In patient 1, the analysis showed a difference in the expression of seven genes, demonstrating an increase in AXIN2, FRAT2, FZD9, KREMENI and PP2R1A genes and a reduction in CSNK1G3 and PPP2CA genes in dysplastic tissue. In patient 2, the analysis showed increased expression of CSNK1A1, FZD4 and PPP2CA genes, as well as reduced of CTNNBIP1 gene in dysplastic tissue.
Conclusion

Dysregulation in the expression of genes that control the receptors of the WNT pathway keeps it in an inactivated state. Therefore, a eventual manipulation of this pathway focusing on its activation may influence molecular manifestations underlying the epileptogenic status in injured brain tissue, which could act as a therapeutic alternative to FCD type II. The WNT/ β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial for the control of embryonic development, which takes place through the regulation of cell differentiation, migration and proliferation, and apoptosis process.
Peroxiredoxin 6 Mediates the Protective Function of Curcumin Pretreatment in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Serum From Patients Undergoing One-lung Ventilation in Vitro
Authors: Li Hui-Ting , Tan Fang , Zhang Tian-Hua , Cao Long-Hui , Tan Hong-ying , Lin Wen-Qian , Zeng Wei-An , Chi Xin-Jin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Curcumin has attracted much attention due to its wide range of therapeutic effects. In this study, we used serum collected from patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) to establish an in vitro acute lung injury (ALI) model to explore the potential protective mechanism of curcumin on ALI to provide a new reference for the prevention and treatment of ALI induced by OLV.Methods: A549 cells were treated with 20% serum from patients undergoing OLV to establish an in vitro ALI model. Curcumin, at a dose of 40 μg/ml, was administered two hours prior to this model. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers were observed by Western blot, qRT–PCR, ELISA and reactive oxygen species assay. Additionally, the expression of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and proteins involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway were evaluated.Results: Twenty percent of serum collected from patients undergoing OLV downregulated the expression of Prdx6, leading to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was associated with the subsequent overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with curcumin restored Prdx6 downregulation and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of P65, eventually reducing inflammation and oxidative stress damage in A549 cells.Conclusions: Prdx6 mediated the protective function of curcumin by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway in ALI in vitro.
Macadamia Volatiles Affect the Attraction of the Moth Gymnandrosoma Aurantianum to (E)-8-Dodecenyl Acetate the Main Component of its Sex Pheromone
Authors: Campuzano Alvaro , Malo Edi A , Gomez Jaime , López-Guillén Guillermo , Cruz Leopoldo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The macadamia nut borer moth Gymnandrosoma aurantianum, is the main pest of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) in Central America. This study investigates the effect of the host (M. integrifolia) on attraction of G. aurantianum to its sex pheromone. Y-Tube bioassays showed that females G. aurantianum were attracted to volatiles from M. integrifolia leaves and flowers, while males responded to volatiles from flowers. Both sexes had significantly different electroantennographic responses (EAG) to the extracts of volatiles from flowers, fruits and leaves and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (main component of the sex pheromone of G. aurantianum). Females G. aurantianum exhibited electroantennographic responses by CG-EAD to phenylacetaldehyde, (1Z)-3-methylbutanal oxime and (E)-β-ocimene, while the males showed antennal activity in response to phenylacetaldehyde, (1E)-3-methylbutanal oxime, (1Z)-3-methylbutanal oxime, present in the extracts of M. integrifolia. The EAG dose-response with ocimene (mix of isomers) showed that female antennal activity increases as the dose increases, while with males, the highest dose elicited a response that was significantly different from the control. In field tests, the mixture (ocimene/(E)-8-dodecenyl acetate) with the proportion of 10:1 was the treatment that captured the highest number of males and females. Also, we observed that the lowest number of male captures was obtained with the proportion of 1:1, compared to the traps baited with only (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate. These results suggest that the binary mixture of ocimene plus (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a proportion of 10:1 could be an option for monitoring this pest because we obtained captures of both sexes.
Universal approach to in situ light-coupled NMR spectroscopy without fibre optics
Authors: Bramham Jack , Golovanov Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In situ illumination of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) samples makes it possible for a wide range of light-dependent chemical and biological phenomena to be studied by the powerful analytical technique. However, the position of an NMR sample deep within the bore of the spectrometer magnet renders such illumination challenging. Here, we demonstrate a photo-NMR insert device (NMRtorch) where a lighthead containing an LED array is attached directly to the top of an NMRtorch tube. The wall of the tube itself acts as a light guide, illuminating the sample from the outside. We explore how this new setup performs in a number of photo-NMR applications, including photoisomerisation and photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (photo-CIDNP), and demonstrate the potential for ultraviolet (UV) degradation studies with continuous online NMR assessment. This setup enables users of any typical liquid-state spectrometer to easily perform in situ photo-NMR experiments, using a wide range of wavelengths.
CHD7 regulates otic lineage differentiation and deafness gene expression in human inner ear organoids
Authors: Nie Jing , Ueda Yoshitomo , Solivais Alexander , Hashino Eri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, which affects multiple organs including the inner ear. We investigated how CHD7 mutations affect otic development in human inner ear organoids. We found loss of CHD7 or its chromatin remodeling activity leads to complete absence of hair cells and supporting cells, which can be explained by dysregulation of key otic development-associated genes in mutant otic progenitors. Further analysis of the mutant otic progenitors suggested that CHD7 can regulate otic genes through a chromatin remodeling-independent mechanism. Results from transcriptome profiling of hair cells revealed disruption of deafness gene expression as a potential underlying mechanism of CHARGE-associated sensorineural hearing loss. Notably, co-differentiating CHD7 knockout and wild-type cells in chimeric organoids partially rescued mutant phenotypes by restoring otherwise severely dysregulated otic genes. Taken together, our results suggest that CHD7 plays a critical role in regulating human otic lineage differentiation and deafness gene expression.
Leukocyte - Cerebral Endothelial Cell Interactions in the Brain Lead to Anxiety-like Behaviour in Experimental Colitis
Authors: Cluny Nina L. , Nyuyki Kewir D. , Almishri Wagdi , Griffin Lateece , Lee Benjamin H. , Hirota Simon A. , Pittman Quentin J. , Swain Mark G. , Sharkey Keith A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDBehavioral comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, are a prominent feature of IBD. The signals from the inflamed gut that cause changes in the brain leading to these behavioral comorbidities remain to be fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced leukocyte - cerebral endothelial cell interactions in experimental colitis initiate neuroimmune activation leading to anxiety-like behaviour.METHODSMale and female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate were studied at the peak of acute colitis. Circulating leukocyte populations were determined using flow cytometry. Leukocyte - cerebral endothelial cell interactions were examined using intravital microscopy in mice treated with anti-integrin antibodies. Brain cytokine and chemokines were assessed using a multiplex assay in animals treated with anti-α4β7 integrin. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using an elevated plus maze in animals after treatment with an intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. RESULTSThe proportion of classical monocytes expressing α4β7 integrin was increased in peripheral blood of mice with colitis. An increase in the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes on cerebral endothelial cells was observed, the majority of which were neutrophils. Treatment with anti-α4β7 integrin significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes. After anti-Ly6C treatment to deplete monocytes, the number of rolling and adhering neutrophils were significantly reduced in mice with colitis. Interleukin-1β levels were elevated in the brain and treatment with anti-α4β7 significantly reduced them. Enhanced anxiety-like behaviour in mice with colitis was reversed by treatment with interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONSα4β7 integrin expressing monocytes direct the recruitment of neutrophils to the brain vasculature, leading to elevated cytokine levels that mediate anxiety-like behaviour in experimental colitis.
Identification of pathogens in respiratory samples of shelter cats in New York State
Authors: Stout Alison E. , Andre Nicole M. , Tejada Marina , DeTar Lena , Berliner Elizabeth A. , Whittaker Gary R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesUpper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is common across feline populations. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) frequently circulates widely and has occasionally been noted to have a potential role in respiratory disease. The aim of this cross-sectional pilot study was to investigate common respiratory pathogens and FCoV in shelter cats.MethodsCats were enrolled at two animal shelters in New York state between November 2018 and March 2020 and considered either clinical for URTD or apparently healthy. Respiratory samples were submitted to the Cornell Animal Health Diagnostic Center for routine upper respiratory diagnostic testing. Additional qRT-PCR was performed on respiratory and fecal samples to investigate the presence of FCoV.ResultsFive pathogens were identified in this population: Bordetella, feline calicivirus (FCV), M. felis, panleukopenia, and pneumovirus. FCV was the only pathogen associated with URTD signs. Pneumovirus was identified in two cats. FCoV was present in respiratory samples from one cat, who later developed gastrointestinal disease. Fecal shedding of FCoV was observed in 30% of URTD cases, compared to 11% of cats without URTD, but was not statistically significant. Conclusions and relevanceCommon respiratory pathogens were identified in cats with and without URTD. One cat tested positive for FCoV in a respiratory sample; FCoV shedding the feces was common, but not statistically significant, in cats with respiratory disease. Two cats were identified as shedding pneumovirus. The significance of pneumovirus to feline respiratory disease remains unknown and in further need of study.
Learner support and professional development during teaching practice? Should supervisors be subject specialists or any lecturers?
Authors: Jin Liu , Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Banda Jane Thokozani , Hui Zhou Wen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Teaching practice is a precious period for final learner support. In Malawi, any faculty member could supervise teaching practice regardless of their subject specialty (scrambled model). This qualitative study assessed the impacts of this scrambled model of supervision on the quality of learner support when non-specialist faculty supervised student-teachers. Through 2 different focus group discussions, data were collected from 10 conveniently sampled practicum students, 6 practicum supervisors, and 6 coordinators from 6 purposefully selected higher teacher-education institutions. and data were analyzed qualitatively. The study revealed that student-teachers and faculty were uncomfortable with the scrambled supervision model because it led to (1) inconsistencies in pedagogical and content knowledge, (2) unfriendly environment, and (3) inadequate feedback due to varying needs in varying subject areas demands. However, they justified this model for convenience at the mercy of other constraints. Apart from contributing to the existing body of knowledge, this study suggests best practices to guide institutional policy regarding practicum to facilitate quality learner support.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Dictates Syncytium-mediated Lymphocyte Elimination
Authors: Sun Qiang , Zhang Zhengrong , Zheng You , Niu Zubiao , Zhang Bo , Wang Chenxi , Yao Xiao-Hong , Peng Haoran , Nonno Franca Del , Wang Yunyun , Zhu Yichao , Su Yan , Tang Meng , Jiang Xiaoyi , Ren He , He Meifang , Wang Yuqi , Gao Li-Hua , Zhao Ping , Shi Hanping , Wang Xiao-ning , Chen Zhaolie , Piacentini Mauro , Bian Xiu-Wu , Melino Gerry , Liu Liang , Huang Hongyan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is highly contagious and causes lymphocytopenia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that heterotypic cell-in-cell structures with lymphocytes inside multinucleate syncytia are prevalent in the lung tissues of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. These unique cellular structures are a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein is sufficient to induce a rapid (approximately 45.1 nm/sec) membrane fusion to produce syncytium, which could readily internalize multiple lines of lymphocytes to form typical cell-in-cell structures, remarkably leading to the death of internalized cells. This membrane fusion is dictated by a bi-arginine motif within the polybasic S1/S2 cleavage site, which is frequently present in the surface glycoprotein of most highly contagious viruses. Moreover, candidate anti-viral drugs could efficiently inhibit spike glycoprotein processing, membrane fusion, and cell-in-cell formation. Together, we delineate a molecular and cellular rationale for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identify novel targets for COVID-19 therapy.
A dimensionless framework for predicting submarine fan morphology
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Shringarpure Mrugesh , Hoyal David , Straub Kyle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Limited observations of active turbidity currents at field scales challenges the development of theory that links flow dynamics to the morphology of submarine fans. Here we offer a framework for predicting submarine fan morphologies by simplifying critical environmental forcings such as regional slopes and properties of sediments, through densimetric Froude (ratio of inertial to gravitational forces) and Rouse numbers (ratio of settling velocity of sediments to shear velocity) of turbidity currents. We leverage a depth-average process-based numerical model to simulate an array of submarine fans and measure rugosity as a proxy for their morphological complexity. We show a systematic increase in rugosity by either increasing the densimetric Froude number or decreasing the Rouse number of turbidity currents. These trends reflect gradients in the dynamics of channel migration on the fan surface and help discriminate submarine fans that effectively sequester organic carbon rich mud in deep ocean strata.
Integrating mental health into primary care: Evaluating the Health Action for Psychiatric Problems In Nigeria including Epilepsy and SubstanceS (HAPPINESS) pilot project
Authors: Iheanacho Theddeus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The Health Action for Psychiatric Problems In Nigeria including Epilepsy and SubstanceS (HAPPINESS) project trains non-specialist and primary health care workers in Imo State, Nigeria, using the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme-Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) to treat common mental and neurological disorders in the primary care setting. This study evaluates the impact of the HAPPINESS pilot project training on trainees’ beliefs and attitudes about mental disorders and explores the perspectives of trainees, trainers, and health services officials on its implementation using a convergent, mixed-methods approach.
Methods

Trainees completed a 43-item questionnaire, before and after their 5-day training, to assess perceptions of mental disorders and attitudes towards people with mental illness. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted with respect to four subscales of the questionnaire: acceptance of socializing with people with mental illness, normalizing activities and relationships with people with mental illness, supernatural causation of mental illness, and endorsement of a biopsychosocial approach to mental illness. Semi-structured Key Informant Interviews with trainees, trainers, and local health officials who participated in or supported the HAPPINESS Project were also analyzed. Findings from the questionnaire and interviews were merged using a convergent, mixed method approach.
Results

Trainees showed significant improvements on socializing, normalizing, and supernatural causation subscales of the stigma questionnaire (p < 0.05). No significant effect was seen on the biopsychosocial subscale; however, evidence of biopsychosocial beliefs was found in interview responses. The HAPPINESS Project enhanced trainees’ diagnostic and treatment abilities, mental health awareness, and empathy towards patients. Misinformation, stigma, inadequate funding and lack of road access to clinics were identified as barriers to mental health care integration into general care in Imo State. Lastly, respondents suggested ways that the HAPPINESS Project could be improved and expanded in the future.
Conclusion

This study adds to the limited existing evidence on the impact of mhGAP-IG-based training for primary care workers in Nigeria. Notably, it quantitatively evaluates pre and post training change in stigma level among trainees. Future efforts should focus on clinical support, supervision and implementation outcomes as well as scaling up and assessing the cost-effectiveness of the HAPPINESS Project intervention.