bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myth and Truth about COVID-19 and Vaccination
Authors: Agrawal Kunal , Kute Prakash , Anjankar Ashish , Jha Roshan Kumar 
Published: September 2021

SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, is a novel coronavirus that has spread from Wuhan, China to every continent except Antarctica. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) changed the situation's classification from a public health emergency of international concern to a pandemic. To date (17 April 2021), the novel coronavirus — officially known as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2," or SARS-CoV-2 for short — has caused over 140 Million infections and approximately 3 Million deaths around the world. In INDIA, the virus has infected nearly 14.3 Million people, with nearly 1,74,000 of them dying. (April 17, 2021) We have conducted a literature search around pub Med, Medline, Scopus, WHO, and web of science to distinguish the effect of myth vs. truth about COVID 19.
Present study concludes Citizens' consciousness and the avoidance of misconceptions play a critical role in managing the pandemic, and as a result of this awareness, India's fatality rate is at 3.3 percent, with a recovery rate of 12.02 percent, according to the Health Ministry of India.
The extraordinary effort to attain widespread vaccination coverage has been greeted with an assault of incorrect and misleading information. Misinformation has the potential to harm vaccination uptake. Debunking misleading claims is a prominent way of combating vaccination misinformation. As a result, dealing with COVID-19 vaccination disinformation involves proactive measures to “immunise the public against misinformation.”
Computer Aided System for Industrial Productivity Performance Determination
Authors: Akinnuli B. O. , Asiru Ridwan Emiola 
Published: September 2021

One obvious problem in determining productivity especially for small and medium scale companies is the lack of appropriate software to help determine their productivity. This work developed a computer aided system for industrial productivity performance determination for small and medium-scale industries. The industrial productivity assessment application was developed using C# in the visual studio Integrated development environment. The application featured an easy to use and modern graphical interface and PDF report generation functionality. The usage procedure basically involved getting the productivity input data via an administered questionnaire, feeding the input into the Material, Capital, Labour, Energy, Expenses and Output sections respectively and generating the productivity report. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed application, a suitable company “Psaltry International Ltd” was selected as a case study and the data from 2013 to 2019 were used as the test inputs. The input data were also analysed manually and the result were compared with the generated results from the productivity assessment application which duly showed that the result from the productivity application was accurate. Based on this it was recommended that small and medium scale industries should embrace the use of computer aid systems in the management of their productivity.
Aggressive interactions and consistency of dominance hierarchies of the native and nonnative cichlid fishes of the Balsas basin
Authors: Franco Marco , Arce Elsah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDominance hierarchies are generally established based on the levels of aggressiveness that animals present. Frequently, animals fight to establish a dominance hierarchy and obtain a disputed resource. The Mexican mojarra Cichlasoma istlanum is a native species of the Balsas river basin and coexists there with four nonnative cichlids: tilapia Oreochromis sp., convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata, spotcheek cichlid Thorichthys maculipinnis, and green terror Andinoacara rivulatus. These five cichlid species compete for spaces for reproduction, feeding, and shelter and frequently engage in aggressive interactions to obtain these resources. We quantified dominance indices to evaluate the hierarchical structure of dominance among these five cichlids and the duration of aggressive behaviors of the Mexican mojarra during experimental contests between the native species and each of the four nonnative species. The Mexican mojarra was consistently dominant over the other four cichlid species, performing a larger number of aggressive behaviors and investing more time in attacking than the nonnative cichlids, which resulted in a higher hierarchical position. Our results show that the native fish, Mexican mojarra, established dominance over all four nonnative cichlid fish of the Balsas basin. Thus, the establishment of nonnative cichlid species in the Balsas basin is likely associated with factors other than behavioral dominance.
Fast generation of lung SBRT plans with a knowledge‐based planning model on ring‐mounted Halcyon Linac
Authors: Visak Justin , Webster Aaron , Bernard Mark E. , Kudrimoti Mahesh , Randall Marcus E. , McGarry Ronald C. , Pokhrel Damodar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate fast treatment planning feasibility of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for centrally located lung tumors on Halcyon Linac via a previously validated knowledge‐based planning (KBP) model to support offline adaptive radiotherapy.Materials/methodsTwenty previously treated non‐coplanar volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) lung SBRT plans (c‐Truebeam) on SBRT‐dedicated C‐arm Truebeam Linac were selected. Patients received 50 Gy in five fractions. c‐Truebeam plans were re‐optimized for Halcyon manually (m‐Halcyon) and with KBP model (k‐Halcyon). Both m‐Halcyon and k‐Halcyon plans were normalized for identical or better target coverage than clinical c‐Truebeam plans and compared for target conformity, dose heterogeneity, dose fall‐off, and dose tolerances to the organs‐at‐risk (OAR). Treatment delivery parameters and planning times were evaluated.Resultsk‐Halcyon plans were dosimetrically similar or better than m‐Halcyon and c‐Truebeam plans. k‐Halcyon and m‐Halcyon plan comparisons are presented with respect to c‐Truebeam. Differences in conformity index were statistically insignificant in k‐Halcyon and on average 0.02 higher (p = 0.04) in m‐Halcyon plans. Gradient index was on average 0.43 (p = 0.006) lower and 0.27 (p = 0.02) higher for k‐Halcyon and m‐Halcyon, respectively. Maximal dose 2 cm away in any direction from target was statistically insignificant. k‐Halcyon increased maximal target dose on average by 2.9 Gy (p < 0.001). Mean lung dose was on average reduced by 0.10 Gy (p = 0.004) in k‐Halcyon and increased by 0.14 Gy (p < 0.001) in m‐Halcyon plans. k‐Halcyon plans lowered bronchial tree dose on average by 1.2 Gy. Beam‐on‐time (BOT) was increased by 2.85 and 1.67 min, on average for k‐Halcyon and m‐Halcyon, respectively. k‐Halcyon plans were generated in under 30 min compared to estimated dedicated 180 ± 30 min for m‐Halcyon or c‐Truebeam plan.Conclusionk‐Halcyon plans were generated in under 30 min with excellent plan quality. This adaptable KBP model supports high‐volume clinics in the expansion or transfer of lung SBRT patients to Halcyon.
Liquid Droplet Stamp Transfer Printing
Authors: Liu Xin , Cao Yu , Zheng Kunwei , Zhang Yingchao , Wang Zhouheng , Chen Yihao , Chen Ying , Ma Yinji , Feng Xue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the increasingly significant role of flexible electronics in information, energy, and medical treatment, their integration with a special‐shaped interface remains an unresolved challenge. The traditional transfer method, as a core technology of device integration, is still unsuitable for thinned chips and 3D sensors. Solid‐contact elastomer stamp sometimes causes cracks while non‐contact method such as sacrificial layer method fails to achieve precise positioning transfer. Herein, the authors present liquid droplet stamp transfer printing (LSTP) with a high yield ratio which allows flexible devices to be transferred form silicon wafer to complex special‐shaped interfaces. Following the transfer scheme, the regulation of interface force is demonstrated with different thin‐film patterns. Besides, the liquid droplet stamp is designed as an efficient tool to transfer thinned inorganic flexible chips. A thinned micro light emitting diode, extensively used in large‐scale manufacturing of flexible circuits, is transferred and lighted successfully. In addition, a new method to fabricate 3D sensors is proposed with the liquid droplet stamp, which provides a new way of manufacturing wearable antenna and reconfigurable devices. Consequently, the LSTP has great potential for future sophisticated and system‐level flexible devices transfer printing and plays a vital role in the research of 3D flexible electronics.
Wafer‐Scale Growth of Aligned C60 Single Crystals via Solution‐Phase Epitaxy for High‐Performance Transistors
Authors: Lu Zhengjun , Deng Wei , Fang Xiaochen , Xiao Jie , Lu Bei , Zhang Xinwei , Pirzado Azhar Ali Ayaz , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFullerene (C60) single crystals with exceptionally low defects and nearly perfect translational symmetry make them appealing in achieving high‐performance n‐type organic transistors. However, because of its natural 0D structure, control over continuous crystallization of C60 over a large area is extremely challenging. Here, the authors report a solution‐phase epitaxial approach for wafer‐scale growth of continuously aligned C60 single crystals. This method enables the rational control of the density of nucleation event at meniscus front by confining the size and shape of meniscus with a microchannel template. In this case, a single nucleus as seed crystal can be formed at the front of meniscus, and then epitaxial growth from the seed crystal occurs with continuous retreat of the meniscus. As a result, highly uniform C60 single‐crystal array with ultralow defect density is obtained on 2‐inch substrate. Organic field‐effect transistors made from the C60 single‐crystal array show a high average electron mobility of 2.17 cm2 V−1 s−1, along with a maximum mobility of 5.09 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is much superior to the C60 polycrystalline film‐based devices. This strategy opens new opportunities for the scalable fabrication of high‐performance integrated devices based on organic crystals.
Wet Chemistry Vitrification and Metal‐to‐Semiconductor Transition of 2D Gray Arsenene Nanoflakes
Authors: Hu Yi , Wang Xinzhu , Qi Zhenghang , Wan Susu , Liang Junchuan , Jia Qingqing , Hong Daocheng , Tian Yuxi , Ma Jing , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo manipulate the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials via engineering their phases and crystallinity is of great significance for the construction of nanodevices with versatile functions. Herein, the controllable transformation of semimetallic gray arsenene nanoflakes into semiconducting vitreous arsenene nanoflakes via a wet chemistry vitrification method is reported. Experimental studies and theoretical simulations reveal that the vitrification of gray arsenene nanoflakes is attributed to the consumption of arsenic atoms by aqueous HF via the trigger of dissolved oxygen, resulting in a significant variation of band structure rendered by the formation of atomic structure disorderliness and arsenic atom defects/vacancies. Unlike the semimetallic features of pristine gray arsenene nanoflakes, the as‐prepared vitreous arsenene nanoflakes exhibit a strong photoluminescence peak centered at 635 nm corresponding to an optical band gap of 1.95 eV, and the field‐effect transistors based on vitreous arsenene nanoflakes also exhibit definitely p‐type semiconducting characteristics with a carrier mobility of ≈159.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. The wet chemistry induced vitrification of gray arsenene nanoflakes presents an efficient strategy to regulate the electrical and optical properties of arsenene nanoflakes, providing new insights for the interface and band structure engineering of 2D nanomaterials.
Dislocations Stabilized by Point Defects Increase Brittleness in PbTe
Authors: Male James P. , Abdellaoui Lamya , Yu Yuan , Zhang Siyuan , Pieczulewski Naomi , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Scheu Christina , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDislocations and the residual strain they produce are instrumental for the high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT ≈ 2, in lead chalcogenides. However, these materials tend to be brittle, barring them from practical green energy and deep space applications. Nonetheless, the bulk of thermoelectrics research focuses on increasing zT without considering mechanical performance. Optimized thermoelectric materials always involve high point defect concentrations for doping and solid solution alloying. Brittle materials show limited plasticity (dislocation motion), yet clear links between crystallographic defects and embrittlement are hitherto unestablished in PbTe. This study identifies connections between dislocations, point defects, and the brittleness (correlated with Vickers hardness) in single crystal and polycrystalline PbTe with various n‐ and p‐type dopants. Speed of sound measurements show a lack of electronic bond stiffening in p‐type PbTe, contrary to the previous speculation. Instead, varied routes of point defect–dislocation interaction restrict dislocation motion and drive embrittlement: dopants with low doping efficiency cause high defect concentrations, interstitial n‐type dopants (Ag and Cu) create highly strained obstacles to dislocation motion, and highly mobile dopants can distribute inhomogeneously or segregate to dislocations. These results illustrate the consequences of excessive defect engineering and the necessity to consider both mechanical and thermoelectric performance when researching thermoelectric materials for practical applications.
Heterogeneous Fluorescent Organohydrogel Enables Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Le Xiaoxia , Shang Hui , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Mingjie , Zheng Yinfei , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorescent patterns showing the unique color change in response to external stimuli are of considerable interest for their applications in anti‐counterfeiting. However, there is still a lack of intelligent fluorescent patterns with high‐security levels, presenting a dynamic display of encrypted information. In this study, a fluorescent organohydrogel is fabricated through a two‐step interpenetrating technique, leading to the co‐existence of naphthalimide moieties (DEAN, green‐yellow fluorescent monomer) contained Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogel network and Polyoctadecyl methacrylate (PSMA) organogel network bearing spiropyran moieties (SPMA, photochromic monomer). Due to the unique heterogeneous networks, the fluorescence color goes through a continuous change from green to yellow to red via the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process with the extension of irradiation time. In addition, when H+ is introduced into the system, SP units exhibit transformation into the protonated merocyanine (MCH+) rather than merocyanine (MC) under UV light, which inhibits the FRET process. By selectively being treated with H+, the fluorescent organohydrogel can act as an effective platform for encrypting secret information, making them more difficult to forge.
3D‐Printed Regenerative Magnesium Phosphate Implant Ensures Stability and Restoration of Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Golafshan Nasim , Willemsen Koen , Kadumudi Firoz Babu , Vorndran Elke , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza , Weinans Harrie , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Malda Jos , Castilho Miguel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis of the hip is a painful and debilitating condition commonly occurring in humans and dogs. One of the main causes that leads to hip osteoarthritis is hip dysplasia. Although the current surgical methods to correct dysplasia work satisfactorily in many circumstances, these are associated with serious complications, tissue resorption, and degeneration. In this study, a one‐step fabrication of a regenerative hip implant with a patient‐specific design and load‐bearing properties is reported. The regenerative hip implant is fabricated based on patient imaging files and by an extrusion assisted 3D printing process using a flexible, bone‐inducing biomaterial. The novel implant can be fixed with metallic screws to host bone and can be loaded up to physiological loads without signs of critical permanent deformation or failure. Moreover, after exposing the hip implant to accelerated in vitro degradation, it is confirmed that it is still able to support physiological loads even after losing ≈40% of its initial mass. In addition, the osteopromotive properties of the novel hip implant is demonstrated as shown by an increased expression of osteonectin and osteocalcin by cultured human mesenchymal stem cells after 21 days. Overall, the proposed hip implant provides an innovative regenerative and mechanically stable solution for hip dysplasia treatment.
Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Bu Yunfei , Wang Yaobin , Han Gao‐Feng , Zhao Yunxia , Ge Xinlei , Li Feng , Zhang Zhihui , Zhong Qin , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environment‐friendly and efficient oxidant with a wide range of applications in different industries. Recently, the production of hydrogen peroxide through direct electrosynthesis has attracted widespread research attention, and has emerged as the most promising method to replace the traditional energy‐intensive multi‐step anthraquinone process. In ongoing efforts to achieve highly efficient large‐scale electrosynthesis of H2O2, carbon‐based materials have been developed as 2e− oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, with the benefits of low cost, abundant availability, and optimal performance. This review comprehensively introduces the strategies for optimizing carbon‐based materials toward H2O2 production, and the latest advances in carbon‐based hybrid catalysts. The active sites of the carbon‐based materials and the influence of coordination heteroatom doping on the selectivity of H2O2 are extensively analyzed. In particular, the appropriate design of functional groups and understanding the effect of the electrolyte pH are expected to further improve the selective efficiency of producing H2O2 via the oxygen reduction reaction. Methods for improving catalytic activity by interface engineering and reaction kinetics are summarized. Finally, the challenges carbon‐based catalysts face before they can be employed for commercial‐scale H2O2 production are identified, and prospects for designing novel electrochemical reactors are proposed.
Coupling Glucose‐Assisted Cu(I)/Cu(II) Redox with Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong , Zhou Bo , Wei Zengxi , Zhou Wang , Wang Dongdong , Tian Jing , Wang Tehua , Zhao Shuangliang , Liu Jilei , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis is a sustainable technology for hydrogen production since this process can utilize the intermittent electricity generated by renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydro. However, the large‐scale application of this process is restricted by the high electricity consumption due to the large potential gap (>1.23 V) between the anodic oxygen evolution reaction and the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel and efficient hydrogen production system is developed for coupling glucose‐assisted Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox with HER. The onset potential of the electrooxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) is as low as 0.7 VRHE (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). In situ Raman spectroscopy, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation demonstrates that glucose in the electrolyte can reduce the Cu(II) into Cu(I) instantaneously via a thermocatalysis process, thus completing the cycle of Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox. The assembled electrolyzer only requires a voltage input of 0.92 V to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Consequently, the electricity consumption for per cubic H2 produced in the system is 2.2 kWh, only half of the value for conventional water electrolysis (4.5 kWh). This work provides a promising strategy for the low‐cost, efficient production of high‐purity H2.
Controllable Synthesis of COFs‐Based Multicomponent Nanocomposites from Core‐Shell to Yolk‐Shell and Hollow‐Sphere Structure for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Mi , Chang Jia‐Nan , Chen Yifa , Lu Meng , Yu Tao‐Yuan , Jiang Cheng , Li Shun‐Li , Cai Yue‐Peng , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe precise tuning and multi‐dimensional processing of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)‐based materials into multicomponent superstructures with appropriate diversity are essential to maximize their advantages in catalytic reactions. However, up to now, it remains an ongoing challenge for the precise design of COFs‐based multicomponent nanocomposites with diverse architectures. Herein, a metal organic framework (MOF)‐sacrificed in situ acid‐etching (MSISAE) strategy that enables continuous synthesis of core‐shell, yolk‐shell, and hollow‐sphere COFs‐based nanocomposites through tuning of core decomposition (NH2‐MIL‐125 into TiO2) rate is developed. More importantly, due to the multiple active sites, fast transfer of carriers, increased light utilization ability, et al, one of the obtained samples, NH2‐MIL‐125/TiO2@COF‐366‐Ni‐OH‐HAc (yolk‐shell) with special three components, exhibits high photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO conversion efficiency in the gas‐solid mode. The MSISAE strategy developed in this work achieves the precise morphology design and control of multicomponent hybrid composites based on COFs, which may pave a new way in devealoping porous crystalline materials with powerful superstructures for multifunctional catalytic reactions.
Textile Waste Fiber Regeneration via a Green Chemistry Approach: A Molecular Strategy for Sustainable Fashion
Authors: Sun Xuantong , Wang Xi , Sun Fengqiang , Tian Mingwei , Qu Lijun , Perry Patsy , Owens Huw , Liu Xuqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFast fashion, as a continuously growing part of the textile industry, is widely criticized for its excessive resource use and high generation of textiles. To reduce its environmental impacts, numerous efforts are focused on finding sustainable and eco‐friendly approaches to textile recycling. However, waste textiles and fibers are still mainly disposed of in landfills or by incineration after their service life and thereby pollute the natural environment, as there is still no effective strategy to separate natural fibers from chemical fibers. Herein, a green chemistry strategy is developed for the separation and regeneration of waste textiles at the molecular level. Cellulose/wool keratin composite fibers and multicomponent fibers are regenerated from waste textiles via a green chemical process. The strategy attempts to reduce the large amount of waste textiles generated by the fast‐developing fashion industry and provide a new source of fibers, which can also address the fossil fuel reserve shortages caused by chemical fiber industries and global food shortages caused by natural fiber production.