bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting the ‘e’ in portfolio design: an intervention research project investigating how design students and faculty might jointly reimagine the design portfolio activity
Authors: McDermott-Dalton Geraldine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of portfolios is deeply embedded in practice within Design education. However, as trends change and technology improves, tensions often arise in the interpretation and presentation of the portfolio activity. Additionally, as more and more digital artefacts are produced by design students, the question arises as to whether the traditional portfolio could be accompanied or replaced by an eportfolio, which could present students’ digital artefacts in a structured fashion. This research investigates how students and faculty in the Design Department of one higher education institution might come together to examine and re-model practices in the context of the design portfolio activity. The study uses Cultural Historical Activity Theory with a Change Laboratory methodology and expansive learning to build transformative agency amongst those involved in the design portfolio activity, with a view to reaching consensus of what a future model of the design eportfolio might look like. Findings indicate that the methodology was successful in collaboratively examining work practices and exposing tensions relating to the current portfolio activity. A tentative future model of a design eportfolio was presented to the group, using institute graduate attributes to provide structure. While the lack of a designer’s ‘personality’ when using a generic eportfolio tool was pointed out, it was agreed that having student work available and accessible in a structured digital format was a requirement for today’s design graduate. Finally, this research approach is considered useful for educational research projects that require collaborative input from various stakeholders into changes in work practices.
Cluster Modeling of Network-Forming Amorphization Pathways in AsxS100−x Arsenicals (50 ≤ x ≤ 57) Diven by Nanomilling
Authors: Shpotyuk Oleh , Hyla Malgorzata , Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Balitska Valentina , Kozdras Andrzej , Boyko Vitaliy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComplete hierarchy of network amorphization scenarios initiated in AsxS100-x nanoarsenicals within As4S4-As4S3 cut-Sect. (50 ≤ x ≤ 57) is reconstructed employing materials-computational approach based on ab-initio quantum-chemical modeling code (CINCA). Under nanostructurization due to high-energy mechanical milling, the inter-crystalline transformations to nanoscopic β-As4S4 phase accompanied by appearance of covalent-network amorphous matrix are activated. General amorphization trend under nanomilling obeys tending from molecular cage-like structures to optimally-constrained covalent-bonded networks compositionally invariant with parent arsenical. The contribution of amorphization paths in nanoarsenicals is defined by their chemistry with higher molecular-to-network barriers proper to As4S3-rich alloys. The generated amorphous phase is intrinsically decomposed, possessing double-Tg relaxation due to stoichiometric (x = 40) and non-stoichiometric (x > 40) sub-networks, which are built of AsS3/2 pyramids and As-rich arrangement keeping (i) two separated As-As bonds derived from realgar-type molecules, (ii) two neighboring As-As bonds derived from pararealgar-type molecules or (iii) three neighboring As-As bonds in triangle-like geometry derived from dimorphite-type molecules. Compositional invariance of nanoamorphous phase is ensured by growing sequence of network-forming clusters with average coordination numbers Z in the row (As2S4/2,Z = 2.50) – (As3S5/2, Z = 2.55) – (As3S3/2, Z = 2.67). Diversity of main molecular-to-network amorphizing pathways in nanoarsenicals is reflected on the unified potential energy landscape specified for boundary As4S4 and As4S3 components.
Subfield crop yields and temporal stability in thousands of US Midwest fields
Authors: Maestrini Bernardo , Basso Bruno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding subfield crop yields and temporal stability is critical to better manage crops. Several algorithms have proposed to study within-field temporal variability but they were mostly limited to few fields. In this study, a large dataset composed of 5520 yield maps from 768 fields provided by farmers was used to investigate the influence of subfield yield distribution skewness on temporal variability. The data are used to test two intuitive algorithms for mapping stability: one based on standard deviation and the second based on pixel ranking and percentiles. The analysis of yield monitor data indicates that yield distribution is asymmetric, and it tends to be negatively skewed (p < 0.05) for all of the four crops analyzed, meaning that low yielding areas are lower in frequency but cover a larger range of low values. The mean yield difference between the pixels classified as high-and-stable and the pixels classified as low-and-stable was 1.04 Mg ha−1 for maize, 0.39 Mg ha−1 for cotton, 0.34 Mg ha−1 for soybean, and 0.59 Mg ha−1 for wheat. The yield of the unstable zones was similar to the pixels classified as low-and-stable by the standard deviation algorithm, whereas the two-way outlier algorithm did not exhibit this bias. Furthermore, the increase in the number years of yield maps available induced a modest but significant increase in the certainty of stability classifications, and the proportion of unstable pixels increased with the precipitation heterogeneity between the years comprising the yield maps.
Multimodal Genre of Science Classroom Discourse: Mutual Contextualization Between Genre and Representation Construction
Authors: Tang Kok-Sing , Park Joonhyeong , Chang Jina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that meaning-making with multimodal representations in science learning is always contextualized within a genre and, conversely, what constitutes an ongoing genre also depends on a multimodal coordination of speech, gesture, diagrams, symbols, and material objects. In social semiotics, a genre is a culturally evolved way of doing things with language (including non-verbal representations). Genre provides a useful lens to understand how a community’s cultural norms and practices shape the use of language in various human activities. Despite this understanding, researchers have seldom considered the role of scientific genres (e.g., experimental account, information report, explanation) to understand how students in science classrooms make meanings as they use and construct multimodal representations. This study is based on an enactment of a drawing-to-learn approach in a primary school classroom in Australia, with data generated from classroom videos and students’ artifacts. Using multimodal discourse analysis informed by social semiotics, we analyze how the semantic variations in students’ representations correspond to the recurring genres they were enacting. We found a general pattern in the use and creation of representations across different scientific genres that support the theory of a mutual contextualization between genre and representation construction.
Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments
Authors: Tesfaye Fitsum , Liu Xiaoyu , Zheng Jufeng , Cheng Kun , Bian Rongjun , Zhang Xuhui , Li Lianqing , Drosos Marios , Joseph Stephen , Pan Genxing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as microbial activity had been well known, and the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on soil phosphorus availability and plant P uptake had been not yet quantitatively assessed. In a review study, data were retrieved from 354 peer-reviewed research articles on soil available P content and P uptake under BSA published by February 2019. Then a database was established of 516 data pairs from 86 studies with and without BSA in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the effect size of biochar application was quantified relative to no application and assessed in terms of biochar conditions, soil conditions, as well as experiment conditions. In grand mean, there was a significant and great effect of BSA on soil available P and plant P uptake by 65% and 55%, respectively. The effects were generally significant under manure biochar, biochar pyrolyzed under 300 °C, soil pH <5 and fine-textured soil, and soils that are very low in available P. Being significantly correlated to soil P availability (R2=0.29), plant P uptake was mostly enhanced with vegetable crops of high biomass yield. Overall, biochar amendment at a dosage up to 10 t ha−1could be a tool to enhance soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus, particularly in acid, heavy textured P-poor soils.
Gastrointestinal Physiology Before and After Duodenal Switch with Comparisons to Unoperated Lean Controls: Novel Use of the SmartPill Wireless Motility Capsule
Authors: Elias Khalid , Hellström Per M. , Webb Dominic-Luc , Sundbom Magnus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery alters gastrointestinal anatomy. In this exploratory study, the SmartPill® wireless motility capsule (WMC) was used to study changes in gastrointestinal physiology following biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS).

Material and Methods
Twenty-eight BPD/DS patients (35 ± 11 years, 50% females, body mass index [BMI] 56 ± 5) were to be examined preoperatively and postoperatively. In addition to transit time, appetite control and gastrointestinal symptoms were studied by patient-scored questionnaires (visual analogue scale and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)). Data was compared to 41 lean unoperated controls.

Results
About 1.8 years postoperatively, 18 patients (BMI 35.8 ± 8.3) returned for a second WMC test. As expected, small bowel transit time was reduced, from 3.9 ± 1.6 h to 2.8 ± 2.0, p = 0.02, and at both these time points, it was shorter than in lean controls (5.4 ± 1.9 h, p = 0.001). Postoperatively, a trend towards reduced colon and whole gut transit times was seen in BPD/DS-patients, thus approaching those of lean controls. Surprisingly, BPD/DS patients scored higher satiety than controls preoperatively as well as increased hunger and desire to eat postoperatively. Compared to lean, BPD/DS patients reported a higher total GSRS score at both time points (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.6 and 2.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, the scores for diarrhea and indigestion increased.

Conclusions
The novel use of the SmartPill system in BPD/DS patients gave the expected readouts. Although small bowel transit time was further shortened after BPD/DS, whole gut transit time did not differ from controls. Typical gastrointestinal symptoms were reported postoperatively.

Graphical abstract
Post-mortem persistence of SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study
Authors: Sablone Sara , Solarino Biagio , Ferorelli Davide , Benevento Marcello , Chironna Maria , Loconsole Daniela , Sallustio Anna , Dell’Erba Alessandro , Introna Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of March 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The need to better define the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) as well as to provide the correct statistical records concerning deaths related to this virus, inevitably involves the role of forensic pathology and routine autopsy practice. Currently, some data on macroscopic and microscopic features in autopsies performed in suspected Covid-19 cases are reported in the literature. The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in cadavers has not yet been elucidated and only a few reports have emphasized the importance of evaluating the Virus RNA in post-mortem tissues. In this preliminary study, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 survives in multiple cadaver tissues many days after death despite some extreme conditions of post-mortem body preservation. The results of this on-going analysis could help improve the safety of working practices for pathologists as well as understanding the possible interaction between microbiological agents and the cadaver tissue’s supravital reactions.
Methods for estimating moment of inertia of cricket bats
Authors: Curtis David , Heller Ben , Senior Terry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMass moment of inertia is a key inertial property of cricket bats and should be used in selection to optimise performance. Players currently rely on a subjective assessment of how the bat feels when swung supported only by a value for bat mass from the manufacturer. This reliance on a subjective assessment is because the moment of inertia of a bat typically requires a pendulum method to measure with sufficient accuracy. In this study, two methods for estimating moment of inertia were tested. The hypotheses were that (1) an acceptable estimate of moment of inertia could be calculated using a beam model approach, and (2) the inertial property first moment could act as a proxy measure for moment of inertia. Experimental values for moment of inertia were obtained using a pendulum method. The two-section beam model showed an error of 0.43–0.53% between model and experimental values based on a Root Mean Square Error of 0.0017 kg m2. First moment data were generated on 5005 bats spread across eight bat shapes. A correlation was shown between the measured value of first moment and the beam model value of moment of inertia, with an R2 value > 0.992 for all bat shapes. This study showed that a two-section beam model and first moment method for estimating cricket bat moment of inertia could be used to improve bat selection.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Thioredoxin Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L. and the Role of the Atypical Thioredoxin Gene GhTRXL3-2 in Flowering
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Yunfei , Huang Xianzhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThioredoxin (TRX) is a highly conserved low-molecular-weight protein and a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that plays key role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Here, using the whole-genome sequence, we performed a systematic analysis for the TRX gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and analyzed their structural characteristics, evolution, and expression profiles during growth and development. At least 86 GhTRX members, 40 typical and 46 atypical, were identified in the cotton genome, and they were unevenly distributed on the 26 chromosomes. Conserved domains and phylogenic tree construction classified the typical TRX gene family into seven subfamilies and the atypical TRX into nine subfamilies. An evolutionary analysis revealed that the TRX gene family underwent purification selection during evolution. In addition, an RNA-Seq analysis showed that, during vegetative and reproductive development, the differences in transcript abundance levels and organ-specific expression patterns suggest functional diversity. Biochemical assays demonstrated that the atypical TRX protein GhTRXL3-2 interacted with the cotton FLOWERING LOCUS T protein GhFT. The overexpression of GhTRXL3-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in early flowering compared with control plants. Additionally, the silencing of GhTRXL3-2 in cotton delayed maturation, suggesting that it has important roles in cotton’s flowering regulation. These results help clarify the evolution of the TRX genes and elucidate their biological functions in cotton flowering regulation.
Very Selective Detection of Low Physiopathological Glucose Levels by Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy with Univariate Data Analysis
Authors: Golparvar Ata , Boukhayma Assim , Loayza Timothy , Caizzone Antonino , Enz Christian , Carrara Sandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter decades of research on non-invasive glucose monitoring, invasive devices based on finger blood sampling are still the predominant reference for diabetic patients for accurately measuring blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, research continues improving point-of-care technology toward the development of painless and more accurate devices. Raman spectroscopy is well-known as a potentially valuable and painless approach for measuring glucose levels. However, previous Raman studies deal with glucose concentrations that are still order of magnitudes away with respect to human tissues’ physiological concentrations, or they propose enhancement methodologies either invasive or much complex to assure sufficient sensitivity in the physiological range. Instead, this study proposes an alternative non-enhanced Raman spectroscopy approach sensitive to glucose concentrations from 1 to 5 mmol/l, which correspond to the lowest physiopathological glucose level in human blood. Our findings suggest a very selective detection of glucose with respect to other typical metabolites, usually interfering with Raman spectroscopy’s glucose detection. We validate the proposed univariate sensing methodology on glucose solutions mixed with lactate and urea, the two most common molecules found in human serum with concentrations similar to glucose and similar features in the Raman spectra. Our findings clearly illustrate that reliable detection of glucose by Raman spectroscopy is feasible by exploiting the shifted peak at 1125 ± 10 cm–1 within physiopathological ranges.
A neuro-swarming intelligent heuristic for second-order nonlinear Lane–Emden multi-pantograph delay differential system
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Le Dac-Nhuong , Aly Ayman A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current study is related to present a novel neuro-swarming intelligent heuristic for nonlinear second-order Lane–Emden multi-pantograph delay differential (NSO-LE-MPDD) model by applying the approximation proficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and local/global search capabilities of particle swarm optimization (PSO) together with efficient/quick interior-point (IP) approach, i.e., ANN-PSOIP scheme. In the designed ANN-PSOIP scheme, a merit function is proposed by using the mean square error sense along with continuous mapping of ANNs for the NSO-LE-MPDD model. The training of these nets is capable of using the integrated competence of PSO and IP scheme. The inspiration of the ANN-PSOIP approach instigates to present a reliable, steadfast, and consistent arrangement relates the ANNs strength for the soft computing optimization to handle with such inspiring classifications. Furthermore, the statistical soundings using the different operators certify the convergence, accurateness, and precision of the ANN-PSOIP scheme.
Deep Multiple Auto-Encoder-Based Multi-view Clustering
Authors: Du Guowang , Zhou Lihua , Yang Yudi , Lü Kevin , Wang Lizhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMulti-view clustering (MVC), which aims to explore the underlying structure of data by leveraging heterogeneous information of different views, has brought along a growth of attention. Multi-view clustering algorithms based on different theories have been proposed and extended in various applications. However, most existing MVC algorithms are shallow models, which learn structure information of multi-view data by mapping multi-view data to low-dimensional representation space directly, ignoring the nonlinear structure information hidden in each view, and thus, the performance of multi-view clustering is weakened to a certain extent. In this paper, we propose a deep multi-view clustering algorithm based on multiple auto-encoder, termed MVC-MAE, to cluster multi-view data. MVC-MAE adopts auto-encoder to capture the nonlinear structure information of each view in a layer-wise manner and incorporate the local invariance within each view and consistent as well as complementary information between any two views together. Besides, we integrate the representation learning and clustering into a unified framework, such that two tasks can be jointly optimized. Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets demonstrate the promising performance of our algorithm compared with 15 baseline algorithms in terms of two evaluation metrics.
Measuring Behaviour
Authors: Bateson Melissa , Martin Paul 
Published: May 2021

Measuring Behaviour is the established go-to text for anyone interested in scientific methods for studying the behaviour of animals or humans. It is widely used by students, teachers and researchers in a variety of fields, including biology, psychology, the social sciences and medicine. This new fourth edition has been completely rewritten and reorganised to reflect major developments in how behavioural studies are conducted. It includes new sections on the replication crisis, covering Open Science initiatives such as preregistration, as well as fully up-to-date information on the use of remote sensors, big data and artificial intelligence in capturing and analysing behaviour. The sections on the analysis and interpretation of data have been rewritten to align with current practices, with advice on avoiding common pitfalls. Although fully revised and revamped, this new edition retains the simplicity, clarity and conciseness that have made Measuring Behaviour a classic since the first edition appeared more than 30 years ago.
Behavioral brittleness: the case for strategic behavioral public policy
Authors: Schmidt Ruth , Stenger Katelyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite widespread recognition that behavioral public policy (BPP) needs to move beyond nudging if the field is to achieve more significant impact, problem-solving approaches remain optimized to achieve tactical success and are evaluated by short-term metrics with the assumption of stable systems. As a result, current methodologies may contribute to the development of solutions that appear well formed but become ‘brittle’ in the face of more complex contexts if they fail to consider important contextual cues, broader system forces, and emergent conditions, which can take three distinct forms: contextual, systemic, and anticipatory brittleness. The Covid-19 pandemic and vaccination rollout present an opportunity to identify and correct interventional brittleness with a new methodological approach – strategic BPP (SBPP) – that can inform the creation of more resilient solutions by embracing more diverse forms of evidence and applied foresight, designing interventions within ecosystems, and iteratively developing solutions. To advance the case for adopting a SBPP and ‘roughly right’ modes of inquiry, we use the Covid-19 vaccination rollout to define a new methodological roadmap, while also acknowledging that taking a more strategic approach may challenge current BPP norms.
The Direct and Indirect Costs of Treating the Victims of the 2016 Nice Terror Attacks in a Single Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Solla Federico , Ellenberg Eytan , Rampal Virginie , Margaine Julien , Musoff Charles , Taragin Mark , Tran Antoine , Ostfeld Ishay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To analyze the cost of the terror attack in Nice in a single pediatric institution.Methods:We carried out descriptive analyses of the data coming from the Lenval University Children’s Hospital of Nice database after the July 14, 2016 terror attack. The medical cost for each patient was estimated from the invoice that the hospital sent to public insurance. The indirect costs were calculated from the hospital’s accounting, as the items that were previously absent or the difference between costs in 2016 versus the previous year.Results:The costs total 1.56 million USD, corresponding to 2% of Lenval Hospital’s 2016 annual budget. Direct medical costs represented 9% of the total cost. The indirect costs were related to human resources (overtime, sick leave), revenue shortfall, and security and psychiatric reinforcement.Conclusion:Indirect costs had a greater impact than did direct medical costs. Examining the level and variety of direct and indirect costs will lead to a better understanding of the consequences of terror acts and to improved preparation for future attacks.