bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing medical student competence with USDA nutritional guidelines: novel application of digital photography monitoring in school meals
Authors: Monlezun Dominique , Rodman Adam , Telsey Ben , Leong Benjamin Gartner , Abu‐Shamat Layla , Kay Danielle , Green Deanna , Sarris Leah , Harlan Timothy 
Published: June 2021

The lack of adequate medical student training for patient nutritional counseling does little to lessen the alarming rise in childhood obesity, amid the associated problem of no widely accepted evidenced‐based implementation monitoring of USDA school nutritional guidelines (Guthrie 2012). Tulane University School of Medicine addressed these unmet needs by investigating the novel education model of medical students’ calculations of elementary student nutritional intake compared to USDA guidelines using digital photography (Williamson 2003). Medical student teams were surveyed before and after their monthly elementary school rotations to assess their perceived competence calculating daily caloric and nutritional intake compared to USDA guidelines. These medical students’ responses were compared to the control group of students who did not participate in this community outreach. Continued evaluation of this protocol will help quantify the effect of this community intervention's effect on medical students’ knowledge of USDA guidelines and competence for nutritional counseling. Research support: Tulane University Center for Culinary MedicineGrant Funding Source: Tulane University Center for Culinary Medicine
Nutrition Without Boundaries – one medical student group's experiences in Boston
Authors: Schoettler Cynthia , Peace Kaitlin , Feldman Stephanie , Newcomb Jennifer , Sax Alessandra , Smith‐Lin Carolyn , Lindsay Robert , Ireland Kathy , Lenders Carine 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo foster partnerships between medical students, nutrition professionals and health‐related organizations in the Boston Area.MethodsThe Student Nutrition Awareness and Action Council (SNAAC) of Boston University School of Medicine is a student nutrition group focused on providing education and service learning opportunities for medical students interested in improving nutrition and health outcomes. To foster interdisciplinary mutually beneficial collaborations, SNAAC has sought partnerships with nutrition professionals across the Boston area.ResultsExamples of collaborations include: a match program between medical students and dietetic interns with Boston University's Sargent College; playing a key role in the formation of the Boston Medical Student Committee on Nutrition (BMSCoN), a citywide student nutrition group; taking part in health fairs run by community advocacy groups; developing volunteer training materials for the Pediatric department at Boston Medical Center.ConclusionWhile sometimes challenging to maintain, SNAAC's collaborations have been mutually beneficial to all parties involved. These collaborations have allowed medical students to build relationships with other nutrition professionals and patients throughout Boston. Similar models could be used by nutrition groups at other medical schools.
Human milk components inhibit H1N1 influenza virus infection in vitro
Authors: Liu Bo , Yu Zhuoteng , Newburg David S. 
Published: June 2021

Breastfed infants have a lower risk of influenza than those weaned early, suggesting that human milk could contain components that inhibit infection by influenza virus. This study was to test whether human milk per se inhibited H1N1 pseudovirus infection in vitro, and to identify the milk components responsible for any inhibition. The inhibition model was Pseudovirus (A/California/04/2009, H1N1) infection of cultured Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The luciferase plasmid of this pseudovirus allowed infection to be quantified via a luciferase assay. Inhibition was measured for pooled human milk and its fractions, including lactoferrin, mucin 1, mucin 4, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), and bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL). At 80 μg/mL of Lactoferrin, 100 μg/mL of mucin 1, 150 μg/mL of mucin 4 and 50 μg/mL HMOS, these components inhibited H1N1 influenza virus infection in vitro. Thus, multiple milk components at their native concentrations have the ability to protect against H1N1 influenza virus, and perhaps other types of influenza viruses.Grant Funding Source: NIH HD013021, AI075563, Abbott Nutrition
Effects of prolonged freezing on the integrity of human milk
Authors: Ahrabi Ali Faraghi , Handa Deepali , Codipilly Champa N , Shah Syed , Potak Debra , Schanler Richard J 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveRecommendations for the duration of freezer storage of fresh human milk are variable. We examined the effects on the integrity of human milk after 9 months of freezer storage of both fresh and previously refrigerated milk.Methods100 ml of freshly expressed human milk from mothers (n=40) in the NICU was divided into 9 aliquots: 1 baseline was stored at −80°C. Four aliquots were stored at −20°C (FF, Fresh‐Frozen), and 4 were stored for 72 h at 4°C before transfer to −20°C (RF, Refrigerated‐Frozen). After 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, milk integrity was assessed by measurements of pH, protein, sIgA, lactoferrin, and total, Gram + and Gram – bacterial colony counts. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsTotal bacteria declined over time from baseline mean of 1.2 × 105 to 0.004 ×105 colony counts at 9 mo, p<0.001, and more so in RF than FF, p<0.001. A similar decline was observed with Gram + and Gram – bacteria, p<0.001. pH declined over time from 7.1 ± 0.1 [mean ± SEM] to 6.3 ± 0.1 units at 9 mo, more so in RF (6.26 ± 0.1 at 9 mo) than FF, p<0.001. There were no changes over time in protein, sIgA, and lactoferrin.ConclusionsProlonged freezer storage does not adversely affect the integrity of human milk. Refrigeration followed by prolonged freezer storage does not adversely affect the integrity of human milk.
Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Vitamin B12 in Human Milk: Validation and Evaluation of Effects of Maternal Supplementation on Milk B12
Authors: Hampel Daniela , Shahab‐Ferdows Setareh , Domek Joseph M. , Siddiqua Towfida , Allen Lindsay H. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to compare and validate methods for the analysis of vitamin B12 in human milk. The Adequate Intake (AI) for infants is 0.4 μg based on an assumed milk concentration of 378pM. However, some older concentration values were determined with inaccurate and non‐validated methods. Poor maternal B12 intake or status causes low milk B12 and subsequent challenges for detection. Also, haptocorrin (HC) in human milk can produce falsely elevated or decreased values. We evaluated two assays (SimulTRAC‐SNC and IMMULITE) for their suitability for analyzing B12 in human milk. SimulTRAC‐SNB gave poor results and was highly influenced by HC, while IMMULITE can be applied without HC removal with an overall recovery rate of 78.9 % ± 9.1 (standard addition: 100 – 900 pg/mL). Diluted milk samples (24 – 193pM) were linearly correlated (r >; 0.992). Analysis of milk samples from supplemented vs. unsupplemented women respectively in Bangladesh (± 250μg/d; milk concentrations 235, 170 pM, p = 0.0389), India (± 50μg/d; 136, 87pM, p = 0.0005) and Malawi (± 2.5μg/d; 235, 185pM, n.s.) demonstrated that the method can detect increased milk B12 concentrations when supplements provide more than the RDA. However, none of the mean B12 values met the assumed milk concentration of 378pM indicating a B12 supply to the infant below the AI.Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53107).
Human milk oligosaccharides modulate the duration of rotavirus‐induced diarrhea, colonic microbiota and intraluminal environment in piglets
Authors: LI MIN , WANG MEI , MONACO MARCIA H , FAHEY GEORGE C , KUHLENSCHMIDT THERESA B , KUHLENSCHMIDT MARK S , DONOVAN SHARON M 
Published: June 2021

The impact of diarrheal disease and prebiotics was studied in piglets fed with formula (FF), or formula with 4 g/L human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) or prebiotics (PRE; 9:1 of short chain galactooligosaccharides and long chain fructooligosaccharides). At d10, approximately half of the piglets were infected with 5×106 focus‐forming units of group A porcine RV stain OSU. Stool consistency was monitored 3 times daily. Ascending (Asc) and descending (Dsc) colonic contents were collected at 5 d postinfection, and pH, dry matter (DM) and SCFA concentrations were measured. Asc microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. HMO and PRE groups had shorter duration of RV‐associated diarrhea than FF. RV infection increased the pH and lowered the DM of Asc and Dsc contents vs. non‐infected pigs. HMO groups had higher Dsc pH than FF and PRE, while DM of HMO and PRE groups was lower than FF. Infection increased Asc propionate concentration independent of diet. Redundancy analysis showed that microbial structure differed among infected and diet groups. Bacteroides was increased in infected pigs, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae was enriched in HMO groups. In conclusion, the intraluminal environment and microbiota were altered by RV infection and HMO supplementation. HMO and prebiotics reduced the duration of RV‐induced diarrhea, likely in part by modulating gut environment and microbiota. (Funded by R01 HD061929)Grant Funding Source: NIH
Genetic risk scores across multiple cardiometabolic traits predict patterns of cardiometabolic risk in Filipino women
Authors: Zubair Niha , Adair Linda 
Published: June 2021

We aimed to identify how genetic risk scores predicted patterns of cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in women from the 2005 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 1,492, age =36–68 y).Previous work identified clusters of women with similar CM features: healthy, high blood pressure (BP), low HDL‐c, insulin resistant (IR), and high inflammation. Genetic risk scores for BP, LDL‐c, HDL‐c, triglycerides, glucose, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) summed the number of effect alleles known to relate to each trait. Using multinomial logistic regression, we predicted CM clusters with genetic risk scores, adjusting for population substructure, age, menopause, parity, waist circumference, BMI, and energy intake.Compared to the healthy cluster: a higher HDL‐c genetic risk score (OR 1.12, 95% CI= 1.03–1.02) increased odds of being in the elevated BP cluster; a lower LDL‐c score (0.90, 0.82–1.00) and higher HDL‐c score (1.15, 1.08–1.23) increased the odds of being in the low HDL‐c cluster; a higher CRP score (1.28, 1.05–1.55) and higher glucose score (1.23, 1.09–1.39) increased the odds of being in the IR cluster; a higher CRP score (1.32, 1.15–1.50) and higher BP score (1.11, 1.01–1.23) increased the odds of being in the high inflammation cluster.For most CM clusters, genetic risk across multiple traits predicted cluster membership, emphasizing the notion that many synergistic genetic effects likely influence CM risk.Grant Funding Source: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and National Institutes of Health: DK078150, HL0851445144
Dietary protein regulates gene expression of amino acid‐degrading enzymes through PPARα
Authors: Contreras Alejandra , Rangel Claudia , Ortiz Victor , Aleman Gabriela , Palacios‐Gonzalez Berenice , Tejero Elizabeth , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando 
Published: June 2021

The effects of PPARα ligands, such as fatty acids, have been demonstrated in several tissues, particularly in liver, modulating the expression of enzymes for fatty acid oxidation, but recent evidence also suggest that PPARα regulates amino acid oxidation. The amino acid catabolism is regulated by hepatic amino acid‐degrading enzymes (AADE); therefore the aim of this work was to study whether PPARα regulates the expression of AADE. Male PPARα null mice were used and age‐matched with C57BL6 mice (Wild type, WT) as control group, and were fed diets containing increased amounts of dietary protein (6, 20 or 50 %). RNA was extracted from liver to assess the whole genome expression using microarrays (Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array, Affymetrix). We found that in WT mice, the gene expression of AADE, such as Hal, Got1, Ass1, Sdh and Uroc1, was proportional to the increase in dietary protein concentration. In contrast, in PPARα null mice this effect was absent, even more, we did not observe significant differential gene expression between groups fed with 6 and 50% of protein. Moreover, some AADE such as Kynu, Oat and Acmsd, as well as the transcription factor Hnf4α showed higher gene expression in KO than WT. Network analysis suggest that PPARα regulates the expression of AADE genes through Hnf4α interaction. Thus, PPARα functions as a metabolic sensor to preserve amino acids by stimulating fatty oxidation.Grant Funding Source: CONACYT
The study of CELL FOOD improve cyclist aerobic endurance
Authors: Duan ligong 
Published: June 2021

To investigate how CELL FOOD improve the cyclist performance.METHODSPart I: 10 cyclists were divided two groups randomly, CF (cell food) group and PL (placebo) group. CF group used 30 drops per time with pure water, 3 times per day without other nutritional supplements for 28 days constant. PL group used mimetic acidic water and the dose was the same. At week 0 and week 4, all subjects do graded exercises test and at week 2 and week 3, do 3 km individual time trial test at track. Part II: 11 cyclists from different team. At day 0, without cell food; at day 1, before, during and after training, all subjects drink 30 drops separately; at day 2, only after training, all subjects drink 30 drops. Part I's results show that: 1) Compare week 0 with week 4, MaxVO2, peak power, and power at 4 mmol/l lactate acid were be improved. At week 4, the same trend can be found. 2) The competition result and heart rate 2 minutes after competition of CF group are better than PL group, P <0.05. Part II result indicated that: Three parameters like live support energy, oxygen intake rate, single load time at day 1 and day 2 are better than day 0, P<0.05. CF can improve aerobic endurance by change the oxygen intake, oxygen utilization, power output of cyclist.
Evidence for Functional Sex Dimorphism in the Serum Iron Response to Oral Iron Supplements
Authors: Orozco Monica N , Romero‐Abal María‐Eugenia , Solomons Noel W , Schümann Klaus 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWomen appear less susceptible to some adverse effects of Fe exposure. The question remains whether this is due to their greater Fe losses and lower stores, or to other sex‐based factor(s).ObjectiveTo confirm previous observations suggesting sex‐associated serum Fe responses to oral Fe supplementation.Methods40 adults ‐‐ 10 men and 10 women with low Fe stores (<30 μg ferritin/dL) and 10 men and 10 women with adequate Fe stores (>;70 μg ferritin/dL) ‐‐ provided serum samples at baseline and at 90,180 and 270 min after ingestion of 100 mg of Fe as FeSO4. Serum Fe responses were estimated by calculating ∑ 3‐h changes in serum Fe, as determined by a ferrozine‐based assay.Results∑ 3‐h changes in serum Fe concentrations were 268±138, 470±212, 508±207, and 440±178 μg Fe/dL, respectively, for Fe‐sufficient men and women, and Fe‐deficient men and women. Among men, serum Fe response was significantly greater in deficiency, as expected (p=0.005). However, among women, Fe challenge produced equivalent responses, independent of Fe status (p=0.70).ConclusionFe status apparently differs in its magnitude of effect on regulating the oral Fe response in women, as opposed to men, opening an opportunity for further exploration.Funded by the Hildegard Grunow Foundation, Munich
Ongoing studies of novel 1‐deoxy‐sphinglipids in food
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Kelly Samuel , Sullards M. Cameron , Merrill Alfred H. 
Published: June 2021

Sphingolipids have been classically defined as having sphingoid base backbones that are 1, 3‐dihydroxy, 2‐amino‐alkanes and – alkenes; however, humans and other organisms also produce sphingoid bases without the 1‐hydroxyl group (Chem Rev. 111:6387–422, 2011). These are very interesting structural variants because such compounds have been found in screens of aquatic organisms for anti‐cancer agents, and one (1‐deoxysphinganine, a.k.a. “spisulosine” and “ES‐285,” from the arctic surf clam Spisula polynyma) has shown enough promise to undergo human phase I clinical trials; and a synthetic sphingoid base analog (Enigmol) that lacks the 1‐hydroxyl‐group has anti‐tumor efficacy for colon and prostate cancer in animal models (H. Symolon et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 10:648–57, 2011). We have developed methods for analysis of 1‐deoxy‐sphingoid bases and their N‐acyl metabolites using liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and have begun to survey their occurrence in cells, tissues, and food as well as factors that influence their metabolism. These ongoing studies have found that substantial amounts (>;1 nmol/g dry weight) are present in some aquatic foods (squid and octopus), and the amounts in other meats (beef, chicken and pork) and vegetables are noteworthy. The 1‐ deoxysphingoid bases are found primarily as the N‐acyl‐derivatives rather than as the free amine, as is the case for classical sphingoid bases in most biological materials. The amounts of the 1‐deoxy‐sphingolipids are lower than “classical” sphingolipids in the foods analyzed thus far, but their relative efficacy might be comparable (or possibly greater) because 1‐deoxy‐sphingoid bases are readily absorbed because they cannot be phosphorylated and degraded in intestinal cells.Grant Funding Source: NCI (CA137812) and NIGMS (GM069338 and GM76217)
Sulforaphane bioavailability and bioactivity in humans
Authors: Atwell Lauren L. , Clarke John D. , Hsu Anna , Bella Deborah , Stevens Jan F. , Dashwood Roderick H. , Williams David E. , Ho Emily 
Published: June 2021

Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables with many potential health benefits. However, there is limited knowledge about its bioavailability in humans. Crucifers contain glucoraphanin (GFN), which is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to yield SFN. Myrosinase is present within the plant, and a small amount is produced by gut bacteria. We previously observed a 7‐ fold decrease in SFN bioavailability from GFN supplements with inactivated myrosinase than from fresh broccoli sprouts, suggesting that the lack of myrosinase impacts SFN bioavailability. Goals of the present study were to determine the bioavailability and bioactivity of a myrosinase‐treated broccoli sprout extract (BSE) supplement and broccoli sprouts. Participants consumed BSEs or broccoli sprouts once or twice a day (time 0 and 12h). SFN bioavailability from BSE was improved over myrosinase‐inactivated GFN supplements but was still about 3 times lower than broccoli sprouts. Consuming SFN twice daily maintained plasma metabolite levels at 24 hours, suggesting that the twice daily dosing protocol resulted in longer retention of plasma SFN levels. Nrf‐2 target genes and histone deacetylase activity were used to measure biological response to SFN treatment. This research provides important information for SFN supplement use in clinical trials. Funding: R01CA122906 & P01CA090890Grant Funding Source: R01CA122906, P01CA090890
Internalization of intact γ‐conglutin, the lupin seed glucoselowering glycoprotein, by Hep G2 cells: biochemical and microscopy studies
Authors: Lovati Maria Rosa , Parolari Anna , Manzoni Cristina , Faoro Franco , Duranti Marcello 
Published: June 2021

Gamma‐conglutin (γ‐C), a Lupinus albus seed glycoprotein, has been shown to lower blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats and increase glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. Aim of the present work was to monitor the localization of this protein in HepG2 cells in parallel to the glucose uptake. HepG2 cells treated with γ‐C were processed to confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM): the protein was detected with specific antibodies. After 3 h treatment, γ‐C was accumulated inside the cells and at 6 h it was diffused as protein aggregates into the cytoplasm. At the same time, glucose uptake increases by 64% vs the control cells. At 24 h the intracellular staining was reduced and protein aggregates stacked onto the cell membranes were visible. TEM showed that microvilli were involved in trapping the protein at the beginning of the process. Microscopy observations were confirmed by 2D electrophoresis showing that the protein inside the cells consisted of its intact subunits. These findings, while confirming the remarkable glucose uptake capacity by HepG2 cells, showed that γ‐C is internalized by the cells, thus opening the way to new strategies for the understanding of the described lupin γ‐conglutin insulin‐mimetic activity.This work was partially supported by a grant of MIUR from Italy
The effect of high dietary eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in leukemic mice
Authors: Finch Emily , Kaushal Naveen , Kudva Avinash , Gandhi Ujjawal , Hegde Shailaja , Whelan Jay , Paulson Robert , Prabhu K. Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

Current chemotherapies for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) do not eliminate leukemic stem cells (LSCs), leading to relapse of the disease. Discovery of alternative therapies to target LSCs is essential for elimination of the disease. We have recently reported on the endogenous production of increased levels of a novel anti‐inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin Δ12‐ prostaglandin J3 (Δ12‐PGJ3), by macrophages cultured with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The levels of EPA used in our studies reflect the doses prescribed by the FDA. To effectively translate these studies, we report here the endogenous production of Δ12‐PGJ3 in mice on high EPA using LC‐MS/MS. Furthermore, we report the effect of high EPA on progression of leukemia and the ability of endogenous metabolites to target the LSCs in a CML model where the hematopoietic stem cells expressing the fusion oncoprotein Bcr‐Abl are transplanted into such mice. Pathways of apoptosis activated by Δ12‐PGJ3 will be discussed.Grant Funding Source: NIH RO1 CA 175576–01
Fructooligosaccharides augments the effect of a flavonoid, α‐ glucosyl‐isoquercitrin, on glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) secretion
Authors: Phuwamongkolwiwat Panchita , Hira Tohru , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), which is released from the enteroendocrine cells in the presence of glucose, has shown to improve glucose tolerance. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and α‐ glucosyl‐isoquercitrin (Q3GM) also improve glucose metabolism but its effect on the role of GLP‐1 is unclear and warrants further investigation. We used two groups of rats (i.e., conscious and anesthetized) to conduct in vivo and in situ experiments, respectively, to investigate the secretion of GLP‐1 post administering Q3GM with‐ and without FOS. Baseline blood samples were obtained via jugular vein for in vivo but portal vein for in situ rat group with subsequent samples obtained at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes to evaluate plasma GLP‐1 levels by using ELISA. We examined the differences among groups with 2‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey‐Kramer's test for GLP‐1 level among the group and Dunnett's for the differences from the basal blood sample. We found that for both in vivo and in situ experiments, Q3GM without FOS stimulated the secretion of GLP‐ 1, transiently. On the contrary, Q3GM with FOS significantly enhanced and prolonged plasma GLP‐1 concentrations increased by Q3GM in both in vivo and in situ experiments. Our results suggest that Q3GM with FOS has the potential for prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes by enhancement of GLP‐1 secretion and prolongation the high plasma concentration of the antidiabetic hormone.Grant Funding Source: Hokkaido University