bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Semantic-Based Framework for Verbal Autopsy to Identify the Cause of Maternal Death
Authors: Durrani Muhammad I. A. , Naz Tabbasum , Atif Muhammad , Khalid Numra , Amelio Alessia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective Verbal autopsy is a technique used to collect information about a decedent from his/her family members using questionnaires, conducting interviews, making observations, and sampling. In substantial parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia, many deaths are unrecorded. In 2017, globally pregnant women were dying daily around 810 and 295,000 in a year because of pregnancy-related problems, pointed out by World Health Organization. Identifying the cause of a death is a complex process which requires in-depth medical knowledge and practical experience. Generally, medical practitioners possess different knowledge levels, set of abilities, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, the medical negligence plays a significant part in further worsening the situation. Accurate identification of the cause of death can help a government to take strategic measures to focus on, particularly increasing the death rate in a specific region.
Methods This research provides a solution by introducing a semantic-based verbal autopsy framework for maternal death (SVAF-MD) to identify the cause of death. The proposed framework consists of four main components as follows: (1) clinical practice guidelines, (2) knowledge collection, (3) knowledge modeling, and (4) knowledge codification. Maternal ontology for the framework is developed using Protégé knowledge editor. Resource description framework application programming interface (API) for PHP (RAP) is used as a Semantic Web toolkit along with Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) is used for querying with ontology to retrieve data.
Results The results show that 92% of maternal causes of deaths assigned using SVAF-MD correctly matched manual reports already prepared by gynecologists.
Conclusion SVAF-MD, a semantic-based framework for the verbal autopsy of maternal deaths, assigns the cause of death with minimum involvement of medical practitioners. This research helps the government to ease down the verbal autopsy process, overcome the delays in reporting, and facilitate in terms of accurate results to devise the policies to reduce the maternal mortality.
A “Congenitally Adapted” TFCC Tear in Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Oestreich Kerstin , Lindau T.R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a case of chronic wrist pain in a 14-year-old child with mild radial longitudinal deficiency and radiographic carpal collapse due to the absence of the scaphoid. Wrist arthroscopy demonstrated synovitis and a tear to the TFCC, which would be called “degenerative,” according to the Palmer classification. This was debrided, and the patient is still asymptomatic at long-term follow-up. Review of the literature found one paper with a similar observation in a 17-year-old adolescent. We propose that paediatric “degenerative” tears ought to be called “congenitally adapted” tears.
Mutations of PHOX2B Gene in Patients of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome in Central India
Authors: Tyagi Ankita , Goyal Abhishek , Chaware Prashant , Rathinam Bertha A.D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene on chromosome 4p12 codes for a transcription factor having a role in the formation of noradrenergic neuronal circuits. Its mutations have been linked to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). The clinical presentation of both, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and CCHS in adults (named late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome), is quite similar. Because of this symptomatic similarity, multifactorial causation of OHS, the mutation of PHOX2B gene was studied in patients with OHS in this study.
Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed on patients diagnosed with OHS. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from 2 mL of venous blood and was further amplified, specific to exon 3. The amplified products were cast and run in 2% agarose gel and then subjected to Sanger sequencing.
Results Thirty patients of OHS (21 male; 9 female) were enrolled in the present study, average age being 51.7 years. The Sanger sequencing of the samples revealed no apparent areas of deletions and no apparent mutations.
Conclusion Primers for exon 3 were used for amplification in thermocycler, as exon 3 is the most frequently mutated exon for PHOX2B gene, as per existing literature. The entire gene needs to be studied for mutations and the sample size needs to be increased.
Improving the Quality of Venous Blood Sampling Procedure (Phlebotomy): Avoiding Tourniquet Use
Authors: Freitas Francisco , Alves Mónica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground Phlebotomy guidelines discourage tourniquet use whenever possible. We assessed phlebotomists' capability of not using the tourniquet in venous blood sampling, hypothesizing it to be equal to 50% of the patients attended, and identifying the most frequent venipuncture site.Materials and Methods We assigned two phlebotomists of the same age (41 years) and experience (20 years) to record 10 phlebotomy days, the first with prioritized and the latter with nonprioritized patients. Each acquired daily data for the number of attended patients, age, gender, frequency of nontourniquet usage, and punctured vein. To test our work hypothesis we used the two-tailed single sample t-test. Differences between age-group means and nontourniquet use means by each phlebotomist were tested by two-tailed t-test for independent means.Results In 10 phlebotomy days, 683 patients were attended (males 43.2%). We found no statistically significant difference between age-group means. The combined capability of nontourniquet use was 50.5%, which did not differ from our null hypothesis, but the difference in individual group means was statistically significant, the means being 33% and 66.9% (prioritized vs. nonprioritized). The medial cubital vein was the most prone to be punctured (77.7%).Conclusion Performing phlebotomies without tourniquet was possible in at least half of the attended patients, though it was more limited in specific group populations.
Magnetic lifting triboelectric nanogenerators (ml-TENG) for energy harvesting and active sensing
Authors: Matin Nazar Ali , Egbe King-James Idala , Jiao Pengcheng , Wang Yuzhou , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have been reported with the advantages of high adaptability and easy integration in recent years, which, however, have been facing with the challenge of effective stimuli in different applications. In this study, we develop magnetic lifting triboelectric nanogenerators (ml-TENG) for energy harvesting and active sensing under cyclic loading, such as traffic. The ml-TENG take advantage of magnetic force to provide repulsive force to trigger for relative displacement between the electrode and dielectric layers in the sliding mode. Experimental and numerical studies are conducted to investigate the electrical performance of the ml-TENG under cyclic loading. The open-circuit voltage of 4 V and output power of 340 µW per capsule are obtained. In the end, we develop a self-powered velocity active sensing system using the ml-TENG, and the field test is conducted to obtain the maximum open-circuit voltage of 7.2 V at the velocity of 15 km/h. The reported ml-TENG provide a powerful tool to develop active sensing systems for real-world applications, such as velocity detection.
A steady-state N balance approach for sustainable smallholder farming
Authors: Yin Yulong , Zhao Rongfang , Yang Yi , Meng Qingfeng , Ying Hao , Cassman Kenneth G. , Cong Wenfeng , Tian Xingshuai , He Kai , Wang Yingcheng , Cui Zhenling , Chen Xinping , Zhang Fusuo 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Smallholder farmers in China tend to overuse N fertilizer as an “insurance” to avoid yield loss. Better management can be achieved but lack resources to adopt advanced technologies that improve N use efficiency. Our study proposes a simplified but effective N management approach without sampling. This new approach based on steady-state N balance could significantly reduce N fertilizer use while maintaining or even increasing yields compared to the local farmers’ practice. Demonstrations in Chinese cereal production indicate the potential of the new N management approach to become an effective tool for policy guidance and to contribute to global N sustainability.
Simulation of the Deformation and Contact of Scrolls in the Scroll Compressor
Authors: Wang C , Zhang S , Cheng J M , Lei B W , Du Y J , Wu J H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The control of the clearances in a scroll compressor is crucial to ensure the reliability and efficiency of compressor, especially for the compressors without radial compliance mechanism. In this study, the fluid-solid-thermal simulation is conducted to get the temperature field, the pressure load distribution on scroll wraps. Then, the influences of the temperature, pressure and the inertial force on the deformation of scroll wraps are investigated. On these bases, the variation of gap size and potential contact between scroll wraps is analysed under various orbiting radii. It is shown that the deformation caused by temperature is more significant than the pressure and inertial force. The contact occurs even though orbiting follows the theoretical orbiting radius due to the positive radial deformation of scroll wrap and negative radial deformation of inner wall of fixed scroll.
Force assisted discharge valve for piston compressors
Authors: Dür L , Egger A , Lang M , Almbauer R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the enormous number of domestic refrigeration appliances worldwide and the associated high overall energy demand of the cooling sector, manufacturers are required to develop more efficient cooling devices. For this reason, variable speed compressors are increasingly being used in order to better match refrigeration demand and supplied cooling capacity. However, variable speed operation is associated with challenges concerning the valve dynamics. Valve oscillation as well as opening and closing delays reduce the energy efficiency (COP) of the compressor.
The underlying study is about a simulation based potential analysis of a novel force assisted discharge valve to improve the valve dynamics of a small hermetic reciprocating compressor for domestic refrigeration. Discharge valve and valve support mechanism are modelled by a 1d-spring-damper-mass multi-body system and implemented in an existing in-house compressor simulation model.
Systematic methods of statistical design of experiments (DOE) are applied not only to improve the COP but also to generate a robust valve behaviour which is largely independent of the operating conditions of the compressor. The findings of the force assisted discharge valve are basically transferable to any other piston compressor with flutter valves.
2D transient analysis of suction process for coupled vane compressor
Authors: Poh W C , Elhadidi B , Ooi K T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although CFD has been widely applied to the study of positive displacement compressors, the primary challenge remains in the generation of solution domain of complicated geometry and accurate handling of the deformation of the working chamber during the compressor operation. In this paper, a 2D transient CFD simulation employing the overset mesh method is performed on the Coupled Vane Compressor (CVC) with air as the working fluid. Initial results revealed the presences of flow reversal and circulation zones at the suction channel resulting in the reduction of effective suction flow area. This has significantly reduced the mass intake. Proposed modification to the suction channel design has resulted in an increase of mass flow rate of 6.97% when operating at 1500rpm. Simulation approach, results and design modification are presented and discussed in this paper.
Modeling and comparison of different capacity modulation strategies with focus on seasonal performance
Authors: Inampudi S , Botticella F , Elbel S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the past few years, demand for energy efficient HVAC systems has been increasing rapidly, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. There are various modulation technologies that can respond to load variations by switching between capacity levels (tandem, two-stage compressors), PWM control (digital scroll), speed modulation (variable-speed). These technologies can be compared using a single number figure of merit, IPLV. SI which expresses part-load efficiency based on weighted operation at various partial capacities. A model is proposed for a water chiller application having a nominal cooling capacity of 8kW. System performance has been calculated using a 10-coefficient compressor model provided by the manufacturer and the most well-known correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop in a brazed plate heat exchanger. Model validation is performed with experimental data obtained in a parallel experimental investigation. Single-speed and two-stage compressor have a comparable IPLV. SI while a variable-speed compressor has 20% higher IPLV. SI.
Theoretical Study on the Performance of Air Cooler in Cold Storage
Authors: Dong Lin , He Zhilong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Air cooler is the most common air cooling and conditioning equipment that used in frozen and cold storage. However, neither application-oriented or production-oriented enterprises have a sufficient understanding about the performance of air cooler, which will restrict its performance enhancement and technological innovation to some extent. Therefore, this paper conducts a theoretical study on the performance of air cooler to guide the optimal design of air cooler. The distributed parameter model of the air cooler is first established along with some sub-models calculating the structural parameters, the physical properties of the wet air, the heat transfer coefficient and the flow resistance on the refrigerant side and the air side. Then, the proposed models are integrated to calculate the performance of air cooler under the effect of different structural parameters, such as fin spacing, fin thickness, tube spacing, outer tube diameter and finned tube materials. Results show that choosing the relatively smaller fin spacing and outer tube diameter, the larger tube spacing and finned tube materials with high thermal conductivity would contribute to the performance improvement of the air cooler, while the effect of the fin thickness is very small. However, the occupied volume, cost and processing difficulty should also be considered for enterprises in the design stage.
CFD Simulation and Experimental studying of a Dry Screw Vacuum Pump
Authors: Ma K , Guo B , Zhou Y , Wang Y B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dry screw vacuum pumps are widely used in semiconductor, microelectronics and food industries due to their oil-free characteristics in the vacuum chamber during operation. The performance of screw vacuum pumps is usually predicted by one-dimensional numerical simulation or empirical methods. However, the above method cannot obtain the distribution of the fluid flow field inside the vacuum pump. In this paper, a three-dimensional model is established based on the experimental dry screw vacuum pump. The internal flow field of the dry screw vacuum pump was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software using structured dynamic grid. The flow characteristics of the fluid inside the vacuum pump were analyzed. The distribution of the pressure field and velocity field inside the compressor is obtained. Comparing the P-θ indicator diagram and the performance parameters of the vacuum pump with the experimental results. It was found that the results of the three-dimensional numerical simulation were more consistent with the trends of the experimental data. On this basis, the flow field characteristics and performance of the vacuum pump are analyzed and the flow field of the vacuum pump can be better understood.
Research on motion and friction of rolling piston in rotary compressor
Authors: Xu J , Yu B , Yang O X , Ding S P , Zhao H H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the Reynolds equation of mixed lubrication, the dynamic model of rolling piston was established, and the axis locus, rotation velocity, sliding velocity at vane tip, and friction loss of the piston were numerically solved. The analysis results indicated that the numeric results of sliding velocity at vane tip are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the influences of crankshaft rotation speed, working condition, piston density and compression structure parameters on motion and friction were analyzed. Taking the ratio of piston rotation velocity and revolution velocity (λ) as evaluation index, whether λ conforms to cosine curve can judge the motion state between piston and vane. The results show that there is not only sliding state but also rolling state between piston and vane tip, and keeping rolling state is helpful to reduce friction loss. The design schemes of lighter piston, thicker vane and larger height-diameter ratio cylinder are proposed to keep rolling state in a wider rotation speed range and smaller pressure difference condition, thereby improving the annual operating efficiency of R32 rotary compressor.
Design Improvements of Vane Bearing Compressor
Authors: Hu YS , Wei H J , Xu J , Wan P K , Ren L P , Fu Z 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A variant of vane bearing compressor with double rolling bearing had been introduced two years ago (Hu and Xu, 2019). In order to solve the problems of complex assembly process and abnormal wear in the vane bearing compressor with double rolling bearing, this paper presents a type of improved vane bearing compressor with single rolling bearing. The improved vane bearing compressor integrates the rolling bearings and the cylinder into a rolling bearing cylinder unit. The suction t and discharge ports are placed on the end face of the main bearing. With these improvements, the number of the end face friction pairs of rolling bearing inner ring is reduced by half, the number of parts is reduced accordingly, and the assembly process is thus made simpler than that with double rolling bearing. This paper introduces the operational characteristics and makes a series of structure optimization to improve the performance of the improved vane bearing compressor with single rolling bearing. The energy efficiency of the improved vane bearing compressor with single rolling bearing is found to be 5% higher than that with the double rolling bearing.
Lubricant Options for Screw Compressors Using Alternative Refrigerants
Authors: Karnaz J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Environmental concerns have created need to find replacements for HFC and in some cases HCFC refrigerants used in screw compressor applications. Like most refrigerant changes it becomes necessary to assess the best lubricant option in order to maintain system reliability and performance. Regardless of the magnitude of the changes it allows opportunity to appraise alternative lubricant chemistries that are different from what was used in the past.
This paper will investigate various alternative refrigerants being evaluated for screw compressor applications. Choices will be presented that not only maintain what was seen in the past but also offers potential to advance application ranges while using of a single lubricant with various operational designs. As always needed when evaluating lubricants and refrigerants, information on the interaction properties along with stability and material compatibility will be presented. Comparisons will be made to legacy data operation and potential improvements will be presented that are available when using combinations of alternative refrigerants and lubricants.
Hydrodynamic response time of magnetorheological fluid in valve mode: an initial study
Authors: Kubík Michal , Šebesta Karel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The transient behaviour of magnetorheological (MR) damper is a very important parameter affecting the performance of this technology in modern semi-actively controlled suspension systems. Currently, the transient behaviour of the MR damper is limited by dynamics of the MR fluid (MRF) itself. The significant part of MRF response time is a hydrodynamic response time which is connected with transient rheology and development of velocity profile in the slit gap. In this paper, the method for measuring the hydrodynamic response time of MRF operating in valve mode is presented. The hydrodynamic response time of MRF-132DG achieved value of τ90 = 0.78 ms for H = 17.5 kA/m a value of τ90 = 0.65 ms for H = 34 kA/m for given geometry of gap. The difference between model and experiment is lower in higher yield stresses of MRF.
Waist Circumference Measurement for Prediction of Preeclampsia: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pétursdóttir Maack Heidrun , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Segeblad Birgitta , Lindström Linda , Jonsson Maria , Junus Katja , Wikström Anna-Karin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Identifying women at high risk for preeclampsia is essential for the decision to start treatment with prophylactic aspirin. Prediction models have been developed for this purpose, and these typically incorporate body mass index (BMI). As waist circumference (WC) is a better predictor for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes than BMI in nonpregnant populations, we aimed to investigate if WC is a BMI-independent predictor for preeclampsia and if the addition of WC to a prediction model for preeclampsia improves its performance.

Methods
We used a population-based cohort of 4,696 women with WC measurements taken in the first trimester. The influence of WC on the risk of developing preeclampsia was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. We generated receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the usefulness of WC measurements for prediction of preeclampsia.

Results
Women who developed preeclampsia had greater early pregnancy WC than women who did not (85.8 ± 12.6 vs. 82.3 ± 11.3 cm, P &lt; 0.001). The risk of preeclampsia increased with larger WC in a multivariate model, adjusted odds ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.03). However, when adding BMI into the model, WC was not independently associated with preeclampsia. The AUC value for preeclampsia prediction with BMI and the above variables was 0.738 and remained unchanged with the addition of WC to the model.

Conclusions
Large WC is associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia, but adding WC to a prediction model for preeclampsia that already includes BMI does not improve the model’s performance.