bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Education
Authors: Metu Amaka Getrude , Madichie Chekwube Vitus , Kalu Chris Ulua , Nzeribe Geraldine Ejiaka 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The heat of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) in the form of automated technologies in industrial production processes is on the global world. This has raised worries regarding the potential impact of the 4IR particularly on the future of jobs in developing countries. The study investigates the impact of the 4IR on industry labor employment, with particular emphasis on the role of tertiary education in SSA from 2000 to 2018. Due to the dearth of adequate data relating to the elements of 4IR such as robotics, internet of things (IoT), and cloud technologies, the study is benchmarked on the technology achievement of SSA countries, tertiary education attainment, and some elements of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like mobile phone technology and internet densities. The study employed instrumental variable regression, within the framework of the System GMM estimator, covering the 48 SSA countries. The result shows that technology achievement index (TAI), technology, mobile, mobile phone technology, and education exert a positive effect on industry labor employment in SSA. This suggests that advancement in the elements of 4IR will eventually bring about improvement in the level of industry labor employment. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the governments of SSA countries should embark on structural reforms of the educational system as well as massive investment in ICT penetration and diffusion. These efforts will produce digital manpower to fit into the new job environment while offsetting the immediate job losses occasioned by the 4IR
Motor-Carrier Safety: A Review and Research Recommendations for 2020 and Beyond
Authors: Douglas Matthew A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents results of a systematic review of the US motor-carrier safety literature in transportation, logistics, and safety journals. The discipline has seen growth in research over the decades, and growth of the field rapidly increased in the last decade. We organize the literature into a systems framework and summarize the research across industry system levels to include government, regulators, carriers, and drivers. We then apply a goal-framing approach to reveal some of the dynamic interactions between system levels and the environment, as entities work to minimize risk to life and property during freight operations while striking a balance between the industry's welfare and societal welfare. This article provides recommendations for future research to fill gaps in the current body of knowledge and to aid government officials, regulators and law enforcement officials, carrier managers, and drivers in addressing industry challenges and maintaining safe roads in 2020 and beyond.
Professioneel ethiekonderwijs voor de aankomend overheidsjurist
Authors: van Lochem Peter 
Published: May 2021

Professioneel ethiekonderwijs voor de aankomend overheidsjurist; Special issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)
De beroepsethiek van overheidsjuristen wordt traditioneel gericht op het functioneren als poortwachter van de rechtsstaat. Zij ontlenen hun beroepsethisch normenkader aan bovenliggende normen van democratie en rechtsstaat. Beroepsdilemma’s komen daarbij voort uit zich voordoende spanning tussen ambtelijke en juridische verantwoordelijkheden, bijvoorbeeld die tussen loyaliteit aan de politieke leiding versus het bevorderen van proportionaliteit van bevoegdheden (case Tijdelijke wet maatregelen covid-19) en die van handhaving (case kinderopvangtoeslagen). In de praktijk van de overheidsjurist is de beroepsethiek het resultaat van het omgaan met genoemde dilemma’s. Deze contextuele beroepsethiek van onderop wijkt af van de aan de rechtstaat ontleende beroepsethiek van bovenaf. Er zijn de nodige argumenten om het professionele (universitaire) ethiekonderwijs voor aankomend overheidsjuristen te richten op een normatieve oriëntatie van onderop. Het bevordert realisme, waakzaamheid voor tegenkrachten en rolvastheid. In het ethiekonderwijs voor aankomend overheidsjuristen zou dan een empirische en op verantwoording gerichte attitude centraal moeten staan.
Shameless Interruptions
Authors: Zecena Ruben 
Published: May 2021

While we know that undocumented youth have played critical roles in the fight for migrant rights in the 21st century, we know least about how this is playing out in the Southeastern United States. This chapter illuminates how racial legacies of Jim Crow, the Civil Rights Movement, and Cuban incorporation matter if we are to understand undocumented/undocuqueer activists from Miami. Utilizing cultural geography’s concept of space and place, the chapter suggests a place-specific state of resistance to deportation and detention that speaks to a “Cuban Immigrant Power Structure.”
A Struggle for Heritage
Authors: Matthews Christopher N. 
Published: May 2021

A Struggle for Heritage draws on extensive archaeological, archival, and oral historical research and sets a remarkable standard for projects that engage a descendant community left out of the dominant narrative. Matthews demonstrates how archaeology can be an activist voice for a vulnerable population’s civil rights as he brings attention to the continuous, gradual, and effective economic assault on people of color living in a traditional neighborhood amid gentrification. Providing examples of multiple approaches to documenting hidden histories and silenced pasts, this study is a model for public and professional efforts to include and support the preservation of historic communities of color.
Introduction
Authors: Lo Dennis 
Published: May 2021

The introduction advances a theoretical framework for interpreting how New Chinese Cinema auteurs shoot on-location as a mode of “place making,” the experiencing and imaging of rural shooting locations as places. Drawing from poststructural cultural geography, production culture studies, environmental psychology, and critical tourism studies, I demonstrate how production environments are more than blank canvases, but places where cultural meanings are being continually contested. As cultural elites, auteurs make coherent disorienting social changes by engaging in production as lived experiences of nation building, homecoming, and cultural salvage. The rural is thus a stage for auteurs to perform their aspirations for social activism, while location shooting constitutes an embodied and performative practice through which auteurs make meaningful sense of their ever-shifting and often precarious roles of authorship. Consequently, images and representations of the rural in the resulting films cannot simply be classified as signifying one cultural logic or another. Rather, they bear traces of the institutional politics, social tensions, and geopolitical ambivalences negotiated by auteurs during production, thus confounding distinctions between the ideologically complicit and subversive, a reductive binary too often mobilized by scholars when periodizing Chinese and Taiwanese film histories.
Strategies to Enhance Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Pathology Training Programs: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Ware Alisha D. , Flax Lauren Washington , White Marissa J. 
Published: May 2021

Context.—
Like many medical specialties, pathology faces the ongoing challenge of effectively enriching diversity, equity, and inclusion within training programs and the field as a whole. This issue is furthered by a decline in US medical student interest in the field of pathology, possibly attributable to increasingly limited pathology exposure during medical school and medical student perceptions about careers in pathology.

Objective.—
To review the literature to identify the challenges to diversity, equity, and inclusion in pathology, with an emphasis on the pathology trainee pipeline. To evaluate the medical education literature from other medical specialties for diversity and inclusion–focused studies and initiatives, and determine the outcomes and/or approaches relevant for pathology training programs.

Data Sources.—
A literature review was completed by a search of the PubMed database, as well as a similar general Google search. Additional resources, including the Web sites of the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Electronic Residency Application Service, and the National Resident Matching Program, were used.

Conclusions.—
Many strategies exist to increase diversity and encourage an inclusive and equitable training environment, and many of these strategies may be applied to the field of pathology. Interventions such as increasing exposure to the field, using a holistic application review process, and addressing implicit biases have been shown to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in many medical specialties. In addition, increasing access to elective and pipeline programs may help to bolster medical student interest in careers in pathology.
Sacred Values: Islam, Communism, and Moroccan Nationalism in the Long 1960s
Authors: Heckman Alma Rachel 
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines efforts of Jews and Muslims in Morocco to reconcile communism with Moroccan nationalism predicated on Islam, centered on the figure of the King as the amir al-mu’minin (Commander of the Faithful) through the long 1960s. The stakes for Jewish and Muslim communists in this setting were high, including the need to demonstrate authenticity and legitimacy of their political movement in the face of accusations of communism as a foreign, colonial, and thus inorganic movement within Morocco. The long 1960s included a major leftist student uprising in 1965, several constitutional crises, and two attempted coups, all of which heightened the existential tension of the Moroccan left within the Islamist monarchy.
“O resto é silêncio”: Hamlet, os cortes e a contemporaneidade
Authors: Dobson Michael 
Published: May 2021

Este ensaio reflete sobre a longa história de abreviações de Hamlet para acena, desde os primeiros quartos e o texto do Folio até as produções pós-modernas, como as de Bocsardi Laszlo, de Kelly Hunter e de Daniel Tyler (todas de 2015). Coloca em questão o que as pessoas almejavam cortar quando operavam cortes em Hamlet; pondera em que época o público que frequentava o teatro começa a desejar um Hamlet sem cortes, e indaga se a peça em si era considerada como um filtro, um meio termo ou um agregado de todas as suas muitas iterações. Mostra que muitas edições impressas até 1800, que registram cortes e pequenas modernizações verbais feitas pelos produtores de teatro, não viam diferença entre o legível da página e o visível no teatro, e propõe-se a discutir se os cortes em pauta seriam compatíveis com as estratégias de interrupção e abreviação da própria peça. O ensaio argumenta que a percepção de uma fissura entre a peça encenada e o estudo da peça surgiu somente no século XIX, e foi levada em consideração na virada do século XX por produções de nichos “puristas” que revivificaram estritamente o texto do Q1 ou priorizaram ostensivamente as impraticáveis longas conflações do Q2 e F, recentemente anunciadas como versões (sem cortes). Nos nossos dias, Hamlet é tão conhecido que é considerado à prova de cortes (como na produção de Laszlo, na qual, mesmo com as linhas não ditas internalizadas pelo elenco, os personagens stanislavskianos se recusavam a falar certas frases conhecidas) e, portanto, suscetíveis a abreviações que privilegiam a interioridade sobre a trama (como a de Hunter), ou a alocação de uma confusa e fastidiosa herança – como em The Hamlet Archive de Tyler, um espetáculo criado para uma locação específica, organizado em uma biblioteca, na qual várias versões das cenas principais da peça foram encenadas no meio de um lixo alusivo de sobras de adereços, estilos, clipes de filmes e motivos do histórico da recepção múltipla da peça. Todas essas produções sugerem que chegamos a um estágio muito tardio da performance e da história literária da peça. levada em consideração na virada do século XX por produções de nichos “puristas” que revivificaram estritamente o texto do Q1 ou priorizaram ostensivamente as impraticáveis longas conflações do Q2 e F, recentemente anunciadas como versões (sem cortes). Nos nossos dias, Hamlet é tão conhecido que é considerado à prova de cortes (como na produção de Laszlo, na qual, mesmo com as linhas não ditas internalizadas pelo elenco, os personagens stanislavskianos se recusavam a falar certas frases conhecidas) e, portanto, suscetíveis a abreviações que privilegiam a interioridade sobre a trama (como a de Hunter), ou a alocação de uma confusa e fastidiosa herança – como em The Hamlet Archive de Tyler, um espetáculo criado para uma locação específica, organizado em uma biblioteca, na qual várias versões das cenas principais da peça foram encenadas.
Imitação ou colaboração? Marlowe e o cânone shakespeareano inicial
Authors: Taylor Gary , Nance John V. 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo emprega estudos de atribuição de autoria para propor que é possíveldistinguir um dramaturgo trabalhando conjuntamente com outro (em colaboração) de um que emprega recursos linguísticos reconhecíveis de outro poeta (imitação). Partindo do pressuposto de que a identidade é celular e sistêmica enquanto a imitação é seletiva e semiótica, verifica-se três trechos de Henrique VI Parte I, na qual William Shakespeare e Christopher Marlowe trabalharam colaborativamente.
Paisagem natural e patrimônio cultural na região da Araucanía, Chile
Authors: Seabra Giovanni de Farias 
Published: May 2021

O Chile é um país que apresenta uma diversidade paisagística representada pelos variados níveis topográficos, os diferentes tipos climáticos, a rica biodiversidade e a irregular ocupação humana. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho enfoca a região de Araucanía, onde são evidenciadas as diferentes paisagens naturais, o patrimônio cultural, bem como os segmentos e roteiros turísticos implantados na região, com destaque para o turismo etnicocultural mapuche. A pesquisa priorizou estudar os mecanismo de gestão das áreas protegidas, observando as ocorrências da gestão compartilhada e a oportunidade de serviços oferecidos à população local. O processo investigativo adotou o procedimento metodológico integrado reunindo diferentes campos das ciências, como a Geografia Física, Geologia, Biologia, Ecologia, Paisagismo e o Turismo.
Turismo e transporte aéreo: o HUB KLM/AIRFRANCE no aeroporto internacional de Fortaleza
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago Estevam , Lima Francisco Elvys Silva , Araújo Enos Feitosa de 
Published: May 2021

O turismo na cidade de Fortaleza se apresenta como uma das mais importantes atividades econômicas no contexto atual. Para tanto, verificou-se a relevância de investimentos em equipamentos turísticos, principalmente vinculados à infraestrutura, destacando-se a ampliação de voos, fluxos do Aeroporto Internacional de Fortaleza, principal “entrada turística” do Ceará. Assim, neste ensaio, tem como objetivo discutir a influência do fluxo de pessoas relacionadas ao “hub” e suas dinâmicas relacionadas perante ao turismo cearense. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, buscou-se primeiro referenciais teóricos acerca de fluxos turísticos, hub e turismo; segundo, foram trabalhados dados estatísticos secundários do Anuário Estatístico de Turismo, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia Econômica do Ceará e do Anuário do Transporte Aéreo entre 2015 e 2018, por fim, fez-se uma análise acerca dos dados obtidos. Desta forma, a expansão turística se relaciona à infraestrutura turística, notadamente relacionada ao setor aéreo. Assim, percebe-se a relação entre os fluxos turísticos à expansão do Aeroporto Internacional de Fortaleza, notadamente o novo “hub”.
Experimental Determination of Sail Performance and Blockage Corrections
Authors: Ranzenbach Robert , Mairs Chris 
Published: May 2021

The United States Sailing Association (US SAILING), under the direction of Karl Kirkman, has undertaken a program of experimental determination of sail force coefficients for representative rigs which are intended to serve as the beginning of a multi-stage effort to better understand, and eventually predict, sail forces. US SAILING is the governing body of yacht racing in the United States and is interested in understanding and improving sail performance in support of its efforts to handicap racing yachts and to improve U.S. Olympic Sailing Team competitiveness.
The Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel (GLMWT), located at the University of Maryland College Park, is participating in this sail force prediction project as part of the US SAILING University Research Program. The GLMWT effort is primarily in three areas which will be described in detail:
1.Development and evaluation of advanced wind tunnel boundary corrections schemes;
2. Model Test Rig design and construction, and GLMWT Main Tunnel Balance interface;
3.Plans for the determination of sail force coeffi­cients for a series of sail models provided by US SAILING and analysis of results. This initial entry will repeat tests performed by US SAILING at the University of Southampton.
Mathematical modeling of gravity and buoyancy effect on low interfacial tension spontaneous imbibition in tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Wang Fuyong , Zhao Jiuyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering capillary force, viscous force, and gravity and buoyancy effects due to the oil–water density difference during the imbibition process, a new mathematical model for core‐scale spontaneous imbibition considering gravity and buoyancy is established. The imbibition rates with and without gravity and buoyancy in high‐, low‐, and ultralow‐interfacial tension (IFT) solutions are compared. The study shows that oil buoyancy can accelerate the imbibition rate, and with increasing core permeability and decreasing IFT, the differences in imbibition rate with and without gravity and buoyancy become more significant. At a high IFT of dozens of mN/m, the gravity and buoyancy effects are nonsignificant and can be ignored, but at a low IFT such as at 0.355 mN/m and a core permeability above 1 mD, gravity and buoyancy must be considered in spontaneous imbibition simulations. In low‐IFT solutions, the critical inverse Bond number when gravity and buoyancy must be considered is approximately 1 × 10−2.
Toward general regime maps for cohesive‐particle flows: Force versus energy‐based descriptions and relevant dimensionless groups
Authors: LaMarche W. Casey Q. , Liu Peiyuan , Kellogg Kevin M. , Lattanzi Aaron M. , Hrenya Christine M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuch confusion exists on whether force‐ or energy‐based descriptions of cohesive‐particle interactions are more appropriate. We hypothesize a force‐based description is appropriate when enduring‐contacts dominate and an energy‐based description when contacts are brief in nature. Specifically, momentum is transferred through force‐chains when enduring‐contacts dominate and particles need to overcome a cohesive force to induce relative motion, whereas particles experiencing brief contacts transfer momentum through collisions and must overcome cohesion‐enhanced energy losses to avoid agglomeration. This hypothesis is tested via an attempt to collapse the dimensionless, dependent variable characterizing a given system against two dimensionless numbers: A generalized bond number, BoG–ratio of maximum cohesive force to the force driving flow, and a new Agglomerate number, Ag–ratio of critical cohesive energy to the granular energy. A gamut of experimental and simulation systems (fluidized bed, hopper, etc.), and cohesion sources (van der Waals, humidity, etc.), are considered. For enduring‐contact systems, collapse occurs with BoG but not Ag, and vice versa for brief‐contact systems, thereby providing support for the hypothesis. An apparent discrepancy with past work is resolved, and new insight into Geldart's classification is gleaned.
The contributions of careful clinical observations: A legacy
Authors: Hall Judith G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClinical Medicine is an Art which is learned, together with hard work, as an apprentice—observing how a master works, and improving with experience and exposure. Clinicians are performing multiple things at the same time—trying to make a diagnosis, providing best therapies and preventative strategies, and looking for the underlying mechanism(s). Families want to know what to expect over time—the natural history of their disorder. Rare disease networks and parent support groups are helping in this effort. Information technologies and international collaborative efforts are changing the way clinical genetics is provided.
Exploring “wear and tear” of joints and “muscle function” assumptions in skeletons with known occupation at death
Authors: Alves‐Cardoso Francisca , Assis Sandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesChanges in the joints are believed to result from “wear and tear,” a consequence of activity, as entheseal changes (EC) result from muscle use. However, clinical data showed that activity does not necessarily increase the likelihood of degenerative joint changes (DJC) and that exercise results in healthier joints. We tested whether individuals with continuous repetitive biomechanical efforts (Group 1) were more likely to exhibit EC and if occupations known to exert strenuous but discontinued efforts (Group 2) would more likely cause DJC.Materials and MethodsEighty‐nine males with known occupations from Portuguese identified collections were used: shoemakers and carpenters (Group 1), workers (Group 2), and civil servants, and shop assistants as a control group. Major upper and lower limb joints and entheses sites were used. DJC and EC were tested between occupations – while controlling for age (overall approach) – and within occupation (occupation‐specific approach).ResultsThe overall approach showed that age – as a covariant – had a significant impact on DJC and EC development (p < 0.05), with occupation being non‐significant (p > 0.05) despite the variability in the mean‐values of lesions. The occupation‐specific approach showed a significant variability of DJC and EC correlations, within and between occupations, with no clear trend of DJC and EC development according to occupation.DiscussionThe results showed that exploring overall patterns might conceal occupation‐specific joint and muscle use, emphasizing age as a major contributor of changes; and that the occupation‐specific approach highlighted particular aspects associated with occupations, allowing for a more informative assessment of strenuous repetitive or discontinuous activity‐related technical gestures and their impact on skeletal biology.
Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass during cesarean delivery. A case report
Authors: Vale Henrique , Rabalais James G. , Lane Jenna K. , Mason Chawla L. , Calimaran Arthur L. , Castillo Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuccessful management of Cesarean Delivery complicated by emergent CPB and AVR requires meticulous multidisciplinary planning. This case also represents the volatility that can arise from severe aortic regurgitation during pregnancy.