bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Vibration Control of a Space Truss Using PZT Stack Actuator
Authors: Song Gangbing , Vlattas John , Johnson Scott E. , Agrawal Brij N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents design, implementation and experimental results of active vibration control of Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Space Truss using a piezoelectric ceramic stack actuator. The NPS space truss represents a flexible spacecraft structure which may support interferometer, antenna, and other vibration-sensitive instrumentation. To simulate the effects of a spacecraft disturbance on the truss, a proof mass actuator is incorporated on the structure to excite the truss. To reduce the vibrations caused by the proof mass actuator, an active strut member is installed along a diagonal of the base bay of the truss. The active strut element consists of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator stack, a force transducer, and mechanical interfaces. An integral plus double-integral force controller is designed to suppress vibration of the truss. Experimental results demonstrate that the active piezoceramic strut actuator can effective reduce truss vibration.
A New Technology for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: The Hydrodynamic Focusing Bioreactor
Authors: Tsao Yow-Min D. , Gonda Steve R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Hydrodynamic Focusing Bioreactor (HDFB) developed by NASA at the Johnson Space Center provides a unique hydrofocusing capability that simultaneously enables a low-shear culture environment and a unique hydrofocusing-based “herding” of suspended cells, cell aggregates, and air bubbles. The HDFB is a rotating dome-shaped cell culture vessel with a centrally located sampling port and an internal rotating viscous spinner attached to a rotating base. The vessel and viscous spinner can rotate at different speeds and in either the same or different directions. Adjusting the differential rotation rate between the vessel and spinner results in a controllable hydrodynamic focusing force. The resultant hydrodynamic force suspends the cells in a low-shear fluid environment that supports the formation of delicate three-dimensional tissue assemblies. Both suspension and anchorage-dependent cells have been successfully cultured.
Recent Development in Process Control for Aluminum Cold Rolling: Features of the Fata Hunter’s hSystem®
Authors: Cattelino Pier Michele , Licata Corrado , Rèpaci Luigi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aim of the present paper is to highlight Fata Hunter’s hSystem®, emphasizing its self adaptive capabilities, process simulation and control together with simulation techniques which allowed the system developers to set up and fine tune the whole automation package.
In the framework of the implementation of the automation package, and especially of level 2, particular attention has been put upon cold rolling process modelization. To this aspect the second part of this paper has been dedicated.
Improvement in Coiling Temperature Control of Soft Cooling Pattern
Authors: Yang Chia Ching , Chen Dong Ping , Chang Fu Hsiang , Chen Jui Kun , Hsieh Chin Mu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coiling temperature control problem for soft cooling pattern was investigated in this study. It has been found that the abnormal coiling temperature control behavior was caused by the use of incorrect preset value of spray efficiency modifier and non-linearity in the spray efficiency when the cooling pattern was overridden. To solve this problem, a cooling pattern model is hence established. By calculating the ratio of cooling rate for soft cooling pattern, both the spray efficiency modifier as well as the equivalent spray quantity compensation multiplier for cooling pattern override has been derived. The coiling temperature control and model adaptation program was then revised by adding the compensation multiplier in case of cooling pattern override. After the revision of spray efficiency modifier and coiling temperature control program, it was noted that the coiling temperature control of soft cooling pattern was significantly improved.
A Versatile Thermal-Mechanical Model for Twin-Roll Casting
Authors: Tseng A. A. , Chaidilokpattanakul C. , Chen J. S.-J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Twin-roll casting has been widely used for producing thin strips and sheets. In twin-roll casting, molten metal is fed into the gap of a pair of counter-rotating, water-cooled rolls. In this paper, the development of a semi-analytical model of the thermal-mechanical behavior is presented. A mechanical model is coupled with thermal models to predict roll pressure distribution and roll separating force. To demonstrate its versatility and reliability, the results predicted by this model are compared with experimental data available in the literature and good agreements have been found between this modeling results and experimental observation. Also, for given operating conditions and material properties, the closed-form relationship between productivity and strip thickness has been established.
Alternative Estimation of Optimal Frequency Using the Wave Speed for Metal Droplet Generation in Freeform Fabrication
Authors: Zhao B. S. , Lee M. H. , Tseng A. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A linear instability characteristic equation is developed to analyze wave propagation along a cylindrical liquid jet. It is pointed out by the solution of the equation that a perturbation to the jet propagates in either a stable or an unstable manner. In the case of stable propagation the wave speed is dispersive and is not equal to the jet velocity. In the case of unstable propagation, wave speed is equal to the jet velocity and the perturbation amplitude grows with the propagation. Optimal frequency of perturbation is obtained by the determination of the maximum growth rate of disturbance with the derived equation. Experimental result is in good agreement with the predicted value in the generation of uniform droplets.
Fit Quality Evaluation and Fit Capability Analysis
Authors: Zhang Y. , Fang X. Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new measure for evaluating fit quality of mating parts via Fit Capability Indices (FCIs) is introduced as an interface between fit quality and process control of the mating parts. Fit Capability Analysis method is discussed based on the relationship between FCIs and Process Capability Indices (PCIs). A new statistical tolerancing approach for assuring predetermined fit quality is developed on the basis of fit quality evaluation measures and fit capability analysis, which can be used as a guideline to process design and process monitoring of the mating parts.
Probe Imaging Vision Coordinate Measuring System Using a Single Camera
Authors: Zhang Zhijiang , Yu Yingjie , Che Rensheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study describes a new vision coordinate measuring system-probe imaging vision coordinate measuring system using a single camera. In this system, a hand-held probe is used to contact the measured surface, some of which may be hidden from the view of camera. By analyzing the changes in the images of some known characteristic points on the hand-held probe 3-D coordinate measurement is realized. This paper proposes a measurement system model and an iteration technique to find its solution. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed measuring system is confirmed by experiments.
Material Properties as Indicators of Machining Behavior
Authors: Stevenson Robin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the material properties developed using conventional material test procedures can be consistent with those developed during machining. However if extensive extrapolation is required to develop the high strain/high strain rate/high temperature data characteristic of machining, it is important to ensure that no change in deformation mechanism occurs over the extrapolation range. If such a mechanism change does occur the extrapolated data will be invalid.
A Model for the Tribo-Contact and Heat Distribution When Turning With Coated Carbide Inserts
Authors: Grzesik Wit , Nieslony Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The orthogonal machining process when end turning medium carbon and austenitic stainless steels with cemented WC-Co tools coated with single-layer (TiC), two-layer (TiC/TiN), and three-layer (TiC/Al2O3/TiN) hard thin films was investigated. Extensive experimental investigations including the thermal, mechanical and tribological responses of the tribo-contact between the coating-substrate system and the chip, under different cutting conditions, were carried out. The study sheds light on the cutting forces, the interface temperatures and the tribo-contact conditions, including the fxictional heat flux conducting into either the chip or the insert, the mean coefficient of sliding friction and the contact loads exerted on the tool rake face. Finally, it was demonstrated how the intrinsic coating properties control the heat flux flowing into both components of such a closed tribo-system and the mechanical stresses on the contact area.
Profile Measurement of a Curved Workpiece by the Fuzzy Control of Sensor Positioning
Authors: Shiraishi Masatake , Yang Gongjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A laser displacement sensor which has a resolution of 0.5 μm was used to determine the measurement of a curved workpiece profile in turning. This sensor is attached to a specially designed stage and is operated by three motors which are controlled by a fuzzy control algorithm. The experimental results show that the measuring system can be applied to workpieces having inclination angles of up to around 45°. The proposed measuring system has a practical measuring accuracy to within ten micrometers.
Development of a Grating Interferometer With Application to HDD Servo-Track Writing
Authors: Garner Harry D. , Lee Kok-Meng , Guo Lin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of a grating interferometer with application to the angular measurement of a hard disk drive actuator arm for application to the servo-track writing process is presented. A brief discussion of the operating principle of the grating interferometer is presented. This principle is then extended to the case of the measurement of the angular displacement of a hard disk drive actuator arm. A vector based diffraction technique has also been developed as a tool for visualization and analysis of the grating interferometer design. Finally, experimental setups and results from an implementation of the grating interferometer design are presented and discussed.
Coil Winding Tension Control
Authors: Hong Shane Y. , Jun SeongChan , Bordner Mark , Fair Roderick , Weatherbie Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the current coil-winding machine to determine the wire tension occurring at various locations along the winding apparatus. The goal is to make possible design improvements for better wire tension control at the armature to prevent wire breakage and to enable high-speed winding. A typical commercial winding machine was analyzed. The computer simulation result suggests design modification is needed. Three new design concepts are presented. In the new designs, the path of the flier end pulley is no longer fixed. This allows the flier arm to deflect in response to tension fluctuations to achieve a more uniform tension during the winding process.
Residual Stress and Sub-Surface Flow in Finish Hard Turned AISI 4340 and 52100 Steels: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ramesh Anand , Thiele Jeffrey D. , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study intended to compare the surface integrity of finish hard turned AISI 4340 and 52100 steels (57 Rc). Specifically, the paper addresses residual stresses, white layer formation and workpiece sub-surface plastic flow in hard turning of AISI 4340 by varying the feed rate and the tool cutting edge geometry. The results are compared with those obtained for AISI 52100 steel under identical conditions in a previous study (Thiele and Melkote, 1999a-b). In contrast to AISI 52100, no white layers were produced in AISI 4340 when cutting at low feed rates with a chamfered tool. Also, unlike AISI 52100, no clear evidence of an over-tempered layer was found in AISI 4340 steel under all conditions studied. Surface residual stresses in AISI 4340 steel were more compressive than AISI 52100 steel, whereas the magnitude and depth of the peak compressive residual stress tended to be greater for AISI 52100 steel. These observations are attributed to the different mechanical, thermal, and metallurgical responses of the two hardened steel alloys to machining, and are in part due to the significant difference in the carbon content of the two alloys.
Fixture Configuration Design Based on Topology Optimization
Authors: Liu Jinling , Hu S. Jack , Yuan Jingxia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to fixture configuration optimization. This approach is based on the concept of topology optimization of mechanical structures. Unlike existing techniques of fixture configuration optimization, this approach yields the optimal fixture topology by optimizing the fixture material distribution in a design domain, which surrounds the workpiece to be supported. Two methods, discrete density method and continuous density method, are used to optimize fixture topology. Application examples are given to validate these methods and to further illustrate the idea of fixture topology optimization. Compared with existing fixture configuration optimization techniques, the approach presented in this paper optimizes the fixture topology, rather than the number and/or placement of locators.
Modeling of Hydraulic Systems for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation: A Methodology Proposal
Authors: Ferreira Jorge A. , de Oliveira João E. , Costa Vitor A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present paper proposes a methodology to organize model libraries of electro-hydraulic components. This methodology holds in the association of an object oriented modeling, equation based, language for model structure description, with a graphical formalism suitable for the dynamic behavior description of reactive hybrid systems. That is, a recent general purpose language for physical modeling, called Modelica, is used to develop object-oriented libraries of models for different physical domains; the hierarchical description of the dynamic behavior of each model is obtained by means of the Statecharts formalism.
With the method proposed, complex models are built by model interconnection schemes; it is possible to organize the models for different complexity levels adapting them for distinct simulations (real-time or off-line), by refining their behavior using the Statecharts graphical formalism.
The developed hydraulic models, once compiled into C-code, are assembled as a whole application, and executed by a digital signal processing card (DSP). The simulation task is based on hardware-in-the-loop techniques in such a way that the “virtual” hydraulic application is controlled by real hardware.
Research on a New Type of Flow Control System of Hydraulic Elevators With Car Speed Feedback
Authors: Xu Bing , Yang Huayong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovation design of flow control system for hydraulic elevators with car speed feedback. By measuring pulse signal emitted by photoelectric encoder mounted on the elevator car, a single-chip computer controls the electrohydraulic proportional integrated flow valve, then drives the elevator car by a hydraulic cylinder. With this set of single-chip computer control system, good speed performance of the elevator can be achieved. Furthermore, it has strong robustness against the disturbance of oil temperature variation, mechanical friction and other disturbance factors. In order to obtain better ride comfort and soft start of the elevator, PID control algorithm is also proposed. Some mathematical models both for static and dynamic states have been established, consequently simulation results are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results.
Innovative Design in Quality Engineering
Authors: Bzymek Zbigniew M. , Billatos Samir B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Industry is currently evaluating hundreds of applications to innovate their products. The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS) can help industry achieve this goal. It provides principles of standard thinking called inventive standards that are based on a limited number of physics phenomena and mathematics theories. Applying these principles of thinking would avoid generating undesirable solutions and approach desirable ones. The theory is very powerful and almost unlimited. The basic concept of TIPS is understanding the process of describing a product that would then leads to its development. It is best applied when there are strong conflicts that the designer has to resolve. For example, to design a tailor needle, we have to solve the eye conflict. The needle’s eye should be small enough to secure comfortable sewing and big enough to put the thread through. The objective of this paper is to discuss TIPS, describe its five levels of inventive tasks and develops a systematic procedure for its application. A case study is described that details the application from the conceptual design stage to the final inventive design stage.
Parametric Study of Reactive Melt Infiltration
Authors: Nelson Emily S. , Colella Phillip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reactive melt infiltration is viewed as a promising means of achieving near-net shape manufacturing with quick processing time and at low cost. Since the reactants and products are, in general, of varying density, overall conservation of mass dictates that there is a force related to chemical conversion which can directly influence infiltration behavior. In effect, the driving pressure forces may compete with the forces from chemical conversion, affecting the advancement of the front. We have developed a two-dimensional numerical code to examine these effects, using reaction-formed silicon carbide as a model system for this process. We have examined a range of initial porosities, pore radii, and reaction rates in order to investigate their effects on infiltration dynamics.
Entropy: Part II — Thermodynamics and Perfect Order
Authors: Gyftopoulos Elias P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Part II of this two-part paper refutes the beliefs about the statistical interpretation of thermodynamics, and the association of entropy with disorder that are summarized in Part I. The refutation of the statistical approach is based on either a nonstatistical unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics, or an almost equivalent, novel, nonquantal exposition of thermodynamics. Entropy is shown to be: (i) valid for any system (both macroscopic and microscopic, including one-particle systems), and any state (both thermodynamic or stable equilibrium, and not stable equilibrium); (ii) a measure of the quantum-theoretic pliable shape of the molecules of a system; and (iii) a monotonic indicator of order. In contrast to statistics which associates a thermodynamic equilibrium macrostate with the largest number of compatible microstates, the second law avers that, for each set of values of energy, volume, and amounts of constituents of either a macroscopic or a microscopic system, there exists one and only one thermodynamic or stable equilibrium state. So, even if Boltzmann’s definition were used, a thermodynamic equilibrium state is one of perfect order.
The New Theoretical Approach of Vortex Phenomenon
Authors: Kotelnikov Valeri I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper I present the results of my studies on a new explanation of the vortex (Ranque-Hilsch) tube’s phenomenon. It is new way of understanding this process. The vortex tube was discovered in 1930 by French physicist Georges Ranque. Hilsch was the first American engineer to develop this phenomenon into practical, effective cooling solutions for industrial applications and theoretical modeling and calculations.
Currently, the use of conventional vortex pipes is limited in engineering application because of their low thermodynamic efficiencies. Problems associated with these thermal limitation include the separation of gaseous condensate, the separation of liquified air, and more. Still, some technological studies on heat energy generation using new techniques and heat transformation devices should be conducted.
This paper addresses the subject of the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube’s phenomenon explanation based on a vortex-exited oscillation. There is no previous work reported in the literature desdribing the temperature splitting model by wave generating process. The study was motivated by the heating and cooling phenomenon that occurs in the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube.
Design Considerations and Modeling of a Hybrid Energy System
Authors: Ding J. J. , Al-Jumaily A. M. , Tapp B. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The design and modeling issues are discussed in detail regarding a project to develop a stable hybrid energy system. The energy system will be used to supply power for lighting pathways between buildings on the campus of an educational institution. The system must be cost-effective, self sustained, and make full utilization of the wind, solar and hydro potentials that are available locally. The planned system was modeled and analyzed by making use of computer simulations based on the data collected over the past three years. This paper presents the modeling of the hybrid system over a global 12-month period by using a computer simulation software Stella II. Within this period the battery charging and energy consumption will complete a full cycle at a macro level. The analyses and modeling will be used together to provide a rationale for a proposal to be made to the local government departments and agencies to implement the energy system on campus. An additional outcome from implementing this hybrid energy system will be the benefit for engineering educational purposes.
Operation Diagnosis of a Combined Cycle Based on the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics
Authors: Correas Luis , Martínez Ángel , Valero Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Diagnosis of the performance of energy was theoretically developed based on the Structural Theory (Valero, Serra and Lozano, 1993), and traditionally Thermoeconomics have usually been applied to the design of power plants and comparison between alternatives. However, the application of thermoeconomic techniques to actual power plants has always to face the generally poor quality of measurement readings from the standard field instrumentation as an unavoidable first step. The proposed methodology focuses on measurement uncertainty estimation and performance calculation by means of data reconciliation techniques, in order to obtain the most confident plant balance upon the available instrumentation.
The formulation of the Structural Theory has been applied to a combined cycle, where the Fuel-Product relationships at the component level must be optimally defined for a correct malfunction interpretation. This set of relationships determines the ability to diagnose and the level of the diagnostics obtained.
The paper reports the application of the methodology to a 280 MW rated combined cycle, where performance diagnosis is illustrated with results from a collection of actual operation data sets. The results show that data reconciliation yields sufficient accuracy to conduct a thermoeconomic analysis, and how the estimated impact on fuel correlates with physical causes. Hence the feasibility of thermoeconomic analysis of plant operation is demonstrated.