bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-194 TOMM Cutoff Scores Using a Large Sample of Military Personnel
Authors: Doddato Felicity R , Wang Yishi , Forde Jessica , Puente Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate the TOMM cutoff scores obtained in a large sample of military personnel. This study examines the traditional scores and proposes potential new ways to classify malingering using confidence intervals.

Method
The TOMM was administered as part of a neuropsychological battery a total of 1110 times, with the majority being one time. The battery contained 18 demographic variables and 15 neuropsychological tests. Participants were referred by military neurologists and medical officers for evaluation. Individuals had an initial clinical interview with a neuropsychologist prior to the battery being administered.

Results
TOMM scores from this sample ranged from 9 to 50. The majority of participants (N = 621, 79.60%) scored between 45 and 50. 26 participants (3.32%) received a 45, and 27 participants (3.46%) received a 44. Confidence intervals using means were calculated for each trial (95% CI [43.81, 44.74], [47.53, 48.28], 47.25, 48.10], respectively). The confidence interval for the average of all three trials was determined as well (95% CI [46.16, 46.95]).

Conclusions
These findings provide a description of the use of the TOMM with a large military sample. Further, the use of a confidence interval was added to provide a more robust assessment of effort. Future research should consider fitting scores to a probability distribution to determine the likelihood each participant is malingering based on the score they receive.
A-10 Role of Fluid Cognitive Status in the Association of Frontoparietal Control and Cingulo-Opercular Networks with the Useful Field of View Task: Implications for Cognitive Training in Aging
Authors: Hardcastle Cheshire , Hausman Hanna K , Kraft Jessica N , Albizu Alejandro , O'Shea Andrew , Evangelista Nicole D , Boutzoukas Emanuel , Van Etten Emily J , Bharadwaj Pradyumna K , Song Hyun , Smith Samantha G , Porges Eric , DeKosky Steven , Hishaw Georg A , Wu Samuel , Marsiske Michael , Cohen Ronald , Alexander Gene E , Woods Adam J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Training in a divided attention/speed-of-processing task called Useful Field of View (UFOV) reduced dementia risk in older adults. Higher connectivity in resting-state networks involved in attention/inter-network modulation (cingulo-opercular network(CON); frontoparietal control network(FPCN)) relates to better UFOV performance. Cognitive status relates to CON connectivity and UFOV performance. Therefore, it may be an important third variable to consider. This study assessed the mediation of cognitive status on the relationship between CON/FPCN connectivity and UFOV performance.

Methods
266 healthy older adults (age M = 71.4, SD = 5.18; 92% Caucasian) were recruited through a clinical trial at the University of Florida and the University of Arizona. Cognitive status was defined by the NIH Toolbox Fluid Composite score, assessing processing speed, attention/inhibition, executive functioning, and working/episodic memory. UFOV via the Double Decision assessment was administered. Participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Average within-network connectivity of CON and FPCN were extracted with the CONN Toolboxv18b via SPM12. Mediation of cognitive status on the relationship between CON/FPCN connectivity and UFOV performance was assessed controlling for sex, age, education, and site.

Results
Cognitive status fully mediated the indirect effect of CON on UFOV [b = −0.1776; 95%CI (−0.3194, −0.0684)] Figure 1, and FPCN on UFOV [b = −0.1461; 95%CI (−0.2934, −0.0342)] Figure 2.

Conclusions
Cognitive status accounted in part for the association between CON/FPCN connectivity and UFOV performance. Older adults with higher cognitive status had stronger functional connectivity and better UFOV performance. Future research should explore the influence of cognitive status on functional connectivity after UFOV training, and investigate which cognitive domains are most influential.
A-13 The Association of Specific Depression Factors and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Nash Allison , Rosenberg Raquel , Paxton Jessica 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated whether particular dimensions of depression measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) predicted memory and executive function performance in older adults. We hypothesized that the worry dimension would significantly predict both memory and executive function scores given findings from previous studies (De Vito et al., 2017).

Method
Participants included 534 individuals ages 50 through 85 (M = 63) from the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland community sample. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to assess memory and the Tower Test subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) assessed executive functioning. To assess different dimensions of depression, we computed variables for six dimensions of the GDS using the factor model validated by Adams et al. (2004).

Results
Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for age, none of the GDS factors significantly accounted for performances on RAVLT short or long delayed recall tests. The worry factor significantly predicted RAVLT Learning Trial 1 scores (β = −0.28, p &lt; 0.05). Worry (β = −0.16, p &lt; 0.05) and agitation (β = −0.18, p &lt; 0.05) were the strongest predictors of total achievement scores on D-KEFS Tower Test.

Conclusion
These findings represent a deviation from expectations that depression symptoms would predict short and long-delay memory performances in an aging population. The particular role of worry in our other variables augments De Vito et al.’s (2017) findings, as we found that worry predicted short-term memory and executive functioning. These results demonstrate the importance of addressing worry symptoms in older adults for healthy executive functioning.
A-21 Neuropsychological Differentiation of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia
Authors: McDonald Bailey E , Spagna Samantha , Golden Charles 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether or not distinct neuropsychological profiles could be created to aid in earlier detection in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD).

Data Selection
A literature review was conducted informally to search for articles pertaining to neuropsychological testing with individuals with DLB or PDD that were dated within the past fifteen years.

Data Synthesis
Results indicated DLB typically has greater impairment in executive functioning, visuospatial, and attention in comparison to PDD. More specifically, individuals with DLB had significantly worse results on the Rey Complex Figure Test Copy Trial and Digit Span Forward than individuals with PDD. PDD was shown to typically have greater impairment in motor symptoms in comparison to DLB. These impairments, however, depend on the severity of disease progression.

Conclusions
In conclusion, DLB and PDD have very similar neuropsychological deficits, with greater deficits observed in executive functioning, visuospatial, and attention for individuals with DLB. Overall, majority of the literature is unsure of concrete diagnostic criteria for both individuals with DLB and PDD. This inconsistency has led the comparison of overall research to also been quite difficult as well. Future studies should try to control for medication and comorbidities, as well as include larger and more diverse samples with a full neuropsychological battery to include all domains of functioning. By doing this, the focus will shift more to on early detection and prevention of DLB and PDD and therefore reduce the financial burden of a neurocognitive disorder and the strain of caregiving that is usually placed within on the family.
A-25 Factors Predicting Trajectory in Daily Functioning Five Years Post Cognitive Training
Authors: Hansel Jamie , Thayer Rachel E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
There is a bidirectional relationship between cognitive functioning and daily functioning. The current study aims to determine factors that are nonmodifiable and modifiable that predict trajectory of daily functioning.

Method
The ACTIVE database is a longitudinal study with participants aged 65 and older at baseline (M = 73.63, SD = 5.91) who were determined to be at risk for cognitive decline while still living independently. Participants’ self-reported and performance-based daily functioning scores at baseline were subtracted from their scores five-years later to determine daily functioning trajectories. Nonmodifiable factors (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity) and modifiable factors (i.e., education, BMI, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive intervention, and booster sessions) were entered into hierarchical regression models to examine associations with daily functioning trajectories.

Results
Age was a significant predictor in four of five separate trajectory models (self-report measures f2 = 0.05, f2 = 0.11; performance-based measures f2 = 0.01, f2 = 0.01), and education contributed significant variance in self-reported independence (f2 = 0.03). Binary gender and race/ethnicity were statistically significant in the models but achieved negligible effect sizes. Physical health factors and cognitive training interventions were nonsignificant in predicting variance in daily functioning trajectories.

Conclusions
Age, a nonmodifiable factor, was the only consistently significant predictor of daily functioning within the current study. Future research could examine mood, sleep, and social connectedness as predictors of daily functioning trajectory, especially among patients who experience some cognitive or daily functioning difficulties, to better locate possible targets for intervention and treatment.
A-29 Lack of Performance Differences on the RCFT between Administration Methods in Adults with ADHD
Authors: Martin Karli M , Cardenache Rene Hernandez , Tourgeman Isaac 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) has the potential to assess executive function deficits commonly associated with ADHD. While commonly scored using the visuospatial criterion established in the Qualitative Scoring System (QSS), alternative methods have incorporated administration using colored pencils to evaluate planning and organization. Existing literature has discouraged administration using the colored pencil approach given suggestion that distractibility will impair performance. The current study challenged the assumption that individuals with distractibility should not be exposed to color administration.

Methods
Data was extracted from files of ADHD individuals previously assessed at a southern Florida hospital. A total of 25 participants (11 females and 14 males) were included in the analysis. Methods of analysis included independent t-tests and ANOVA to explore moderating factors of age, sex, race and diagnostic presentation.

Results
This study found that performance across the various parts of the test were not significantly different based on administration method (t = −1.021, p = 0.318, 95% CI: −4.3755, 1.4845). Interestingly, an ANOVA revealed no significant differences between the broad demographic groups in their performance. Independent t-test did not indicate that the RCFT performance could differentiate between types of ADHD (t = 0.118, p = 0.907, 95% CI: −2.8420, 3.1862).

Conclusion
In contrast to the RCFT manual, the results of the data analysis revealed no significant differences between administration methods in a highly inattentive population group. This study provides the basis for the introduction of studying the RCFT as a diagnostic tool for re-assessing ADHD throughout adulthood.
A-30 Measures of Attention and Inhibitory Control: Comparing the TOVA to the NIH Toolbox Flanker Test in Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Schaefer Amber N , Nicholls Christopher J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Attention Comparison Score for the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was developed as a “single score” method of differentiating individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from controls (Leark, Greenburg, Kindschi, Dupuy & Hughes, 2008). Recent literature has documented that a more nuanced interpretation of TOVA scores, including the Attention Comparison Score, Commission Errors, and Omission Errors, can be more useful in describing the nature of impairment (e.g., sustained attention and/or inhibitory control) experienced by individuals diagnosed with ADHD (Winstone, Logid, Foley & Nicholls, 2019). The NIH Toolbox Cognition battery also assesses attention and inhibitory control by means of a Flanker Test. The current study examines whether the TOVA Attention Comparison Score predicts performance on the NIH Toolbox Flanker Test, and if adding TOVA Commission Error and Omission Error variables would predict greater amounts of variance on the Flanker Test in a pediatric sample.

Method
A sample of 64 pediatric patients (62.7% male, 37.3% female) diagnosed with ADHD aged 4–17 years (M = 11.25; SD = 3.74) was administered the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and TOVA as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation in a private practice in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Results
Our data found support that the more nuanced approach of adding commission and omission information better predicted Flanker scores than the Attention Comparison Score alone.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, clinicians utilizing the TOVA as a means of assessing for ADHD in pediatric populations should consider omission and commission errors to better understand attention and inhibitory control abilities.
A-31 Distinguishing Neuro-Markers of Math Learning Disability Using EEG Coherence
Authors: Luedke Jessica , Decker Scott L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The current study evaluated brain connectivity in math learning disability (MLD) by examining intra- and interhemispheric electroencephalography (EEG) coherence in three groups of children with differing math profiles. Differential patterns of connectivity were evaluated during “at-rest” conditions and statistically evaluated across three groups.

Method
Testing occurred in a university laboratory setting. Participants were recruited through media and local agencies serving children with disabilities. The Woodcock Johnson cognitive and achievement tests were used to determine general intelligence and skills across all math achievement subtests. Additionally, 3-minute eye-closed EEG resting data was collected. Groups used in the current study were: neurotypical controls (NC) (n = 30), math learning disability (MLD) (n = 15), and lower achievement (LA) (n = 15). Participants’ mean age was 9.58 (SD = 1.38) with 53.3% being male.

Results
Intrahemispheric comparisons suggest MLD children demonstrated reduced left hemispheric coherence to NC’s (p = 0.006), not seen in LA children. Additionally, NC’s had greater beta coherence (p = 0.002). Interhemispheric analyses revealed the MLD group had reduced alpha occipital coherence compared to the LA group (p = 0.031).

Conclusion
The current study provides supporting evidence for implicating brain connectivity as an underlying cause of MLD. Specifically, left hemispheric differences in delta coherence were found in children with MLD not observed in children with LA profiles. Weaknesses in areas of visuo-spatial integration in the MLD group were also observed. Results suggest atypical patterns of brain connectivity in the default-mode network (DMN) in delta wavelengths may serve as a useful biomarker of MLD.
A-34 Comparison of BRIEF, SRS Relationships among Children with Autism and Comorbid ADHD
Authors: Bednarz Haley M , Kana Rajesh K , Trapani Julie A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Recent investigations have found specific relationships between subscales of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aim: Examine whether Social-Executive relationships differ among individuals with ASD versus comorbid autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASD + ADHD).

Method
Parent ratings on the SRS and BRIEF were obtained from the ABIDE-II database. Final sample: 25 ASD, 37 ASD + ADHD (5–12 years). T-tests examined group differences in BRIEF and SRS T-scores. Hierarchical multiple regressions examined the effect of BRIEF Index T-scores (Metacognition, MI; Behavioral Regulation, BRI) on SRS total and subscale T-scores, as well as the potential moderating effect of comorbid ADHD diagnosis.

Results
T-tests revealed that the ASD + ADHD group had higher severity T-scores on the BRIEF MI (T = 3.70, p &lt; 0.01) and SRS Awareness (T = 4.00, p &lt; 0.001) scales. ADHD diagnosis was associated with less severe deficits in social cognition (B = −6.33, p = 0.02). However, ADHD diagnosis did not significantly moderate the relationship between BRIEF and SRS scores. The relationship between BRIEF BRI and SRS Motivation was marginally significant and stronger among children with ADHD (B = 0.81, p = 0.0513).

Conclusions
Overall, similar profile of social-executive relationships were observed among participants with ASD and ASD + ADHD. ADHD diagnosis was associated with better understanding of social situations and ability to interpret social cues appropriately. There is some indication that ADHD diagnosis may be associated with a stronger relationship between behavior regulation and social motivation. Future work should replicate these findings with a larger sample size.
A-36 Case Study of Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in 17-Year-Old Male with Cerebellar Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Nicholson Laura , Marston Elizabeth , Haak Christopher , Cruz Nicole 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Arachnoid cysts are often congenital and asymptomatic, however, they may contribute to neurocognitive symptoms when there is a mass effect on the brain. This case study describes how a 17-year-old with cerebellar arachnoid cyst, and minimal mass effect exhibited symptoms of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), which has been mostly associated with brain tumor or injury in prior research.

Method
In this case study, a posterior cerebellar arachnoid cyst (midline) was identified incidentally (via CT scan and later MRI) following a panic attack associated with face twitching, motor tremors, and clumsiness. Background history was collected via medical records, neurologist consultation, and parent and patient interview. Patient history was significant for speech, language, motor, and academic delays.

Results
Results of a comprehensive evaluation revealed deficits in perceptual reasoning, visual memory, fine motor functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition and receptive/expressive language. Multi-informant ratings indicated anxiety. Reading, writing, and mathematics fell several years below grade- level in the context of low average intellectual ability (WAIS-IV: GAI = 88).

Conclusions
Many deficits in this neuropsychological profile are typically subsumed by the cerebellum or its associated networks, and overlap with CCAS. The findings of this case study warrant consideration by clinicians of functional impairment related to cerebellar cysts and expansion of our knowledge-base of cerebellar function.
A-52 Evolving Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Following Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Ming Shelby , O'Hara John B , Posada Carolina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tangled masses of arteries and veins of congenital origin. AVMs are rare (~4.3% in the general population) and symptomatic cases are rarer still (0.1–1%). AVMs account for strokes in 1–2% of cases. We present the case of a 59-year-old, right-handed, Caucasian male, with nine years of formal education, who was evaluated as an inpatient following a ruptured AVM.

Method
Patient with known history of AVM (Figure 1) presented with headache and new onset seizure. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed rupture of an AVM at the right temporal-occipital junction, with resulting intraparenchymal hemorrhage within the right parieto-occipital lobe and the right ventricular system and 0.8 cm left midline shift (Figure 2). The patient underwent emergency craniotomy for evacuation of intracerebral hematoma, resection of AVM, and placement of right external ventricular drain (EVD). Electroencephalograom (EEG) revealed focal cortical dysfunction over the right hemisphere and moderate encephalopathy.

Results
(Table 1). Neuropsychological evaluation six days following emergency craniotomy revealed primary impairment in visuoperceptual and visuoconstructional skills (including left neglect; Figures 3 & 4), impairments in working memory, learning/memory of verbal information (with intact recognition), as well as impairment in aspects of language (semantic fluency). These were accompanied by dense anosagnosia pertaining to cognitive deficits, but intact insight related to his hospitalization.

Conclusions
This is a rare case of symptomatic AVM with neuropsychological evaluation data highlighting the associated evolving cognitive (e.g., left neglect and visuoperceptual disturbance) and neuropsychiatric deficits (e.g., dense anosagnosia) in the context of recent neurosurgical interventions (e.g., evacuation of hemorrhage, placement of EVD, etc.).
A-62 Case of Gerstmann’s Syndrome Due to Brain Tumor of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Feller Chelsea , Kelly Natalie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Gerstmann’s syndrome is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and right–left confusion. Gerstmann’s syndrome most commonly occurs due to stroke in parietal region of the brain. This case demonstrates the clinical presentation of Gerstmann’s syndrome in a patient due to a brain tumor in the parietal lobe.

Method
The patient is a 50-year-old, right-handed, Hispanic male with 16 years of education who reported memory changes over the last 10 months. His medical history is notable for two brain tumors of unknown etiology which have been present for 10 months. He has completed multiple biopsies and magnetic resonance imaging prior to his neuropsychological evaluation. Initial scans showed two tumors, one in the right medial occipital parietal lobe and one in the left parietal extending into the corpus callosum. The right medial occipital parietal lobe tumor has not been visualized for the past six months.

Results
His neurocognitive profile was characterized by impairments in verbal memory (both stories and word list), arithmetic, semantic fluency, and executive functioning. Across memory measures, he performed in the borderline to impaired range, and did not benefit from recognition items. Arithmetic performance was also in the borderline range and did not show improvement with additional time.

Conclusions
This case demonstrates the classical findings of Gerstmann’s syndrome with additional neurocognitive impairments in the areas of memory and executive functioning. This case is also unique in that the lesions of the parietal lobe are due to brain tumor with unknown etiology.