bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Inequity in the Provision and Utilization of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services in Tigray, Ethiopia. A Qualitative Explorative Study
Authors: Wuneh Alem Desta , Bezabih Afework Mulugeta , Persson Lars Ake , Okwaraji Yemisrach Behailu , Medhanyie Araya Abrha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: We have earlier shown that the utilization of Ethiopian maternal health services was distributed pro-rich, while child immunization was equitably distributed. Hence, this study aimed at exploring rural Ethiopian women’s and primary health care workers’ perceptions of inequities and their causes in the provision and utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health services. Methods: The study was conducted from August to December 2019 in two rural districts of Tigray, Ethiopia. We performed twenty-two in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions with women who had given birth the last year preceding the survey, women’s development group leaders, health extension workers from health posts, and health workers from health centers. The final sample was determined based on the concept of saturation. The interviews and focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The provision and utilization of antenatal care, facility-based delivery, and care-seeking for sick children were perceived inequitably distributed. Immunization was perceived as an equitable service. The inequity in the provision and utilization of maternal and child health services was linked to the economy, distance, social and cultural norms, low quality of service, maternal age, and education. Poor implementation of the Government’s equity-oriented policies, such as community-based health insurance, was perceived to result in health inequities. Conclusion: Mothers and primary healthcare providers in rural Ethiopia indicated weaknesses in delivering equitable services and reasons for inequitable utilization. The narratives could inform efforts to provide universal health coverage for mothers, newborns, and children. These problems require multisectoral actions to address the identified sources of inequities.
Prophylactic Effect of Simultaneous Placement of Mesh on Incidence of Parastomal Hernia After Mile’s Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gao Xu , Li Ruo-Fan , Sun Li-Xin , Liu Zuo-Jun , Tian Guang-Jian , Qi Hui , Li Xiao-Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess the prophylactic effect of simultaneous placement of mesh and incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) after abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer. Methods: This study included real world data of 56 surgically resected colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who were consecutively assigned to 2 groups: control (no mesh, n=32) and experimental (received mesh, n=24). An artificial patch was placed under the tunica vaginalis of rectus abdominis for patients in experimental group whereas the control group received routine sigmoidostomy. The median follow-up time was >20 months. Difference in hazards function was analyzed by cox regression analysis and results were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Post-operative incidence rate of PSH was lower in experimental (41.7 %) than in control group (71.9 %; P=0.045). PSH postoperative time in experimental group was significantly delayed than control group (48 months vs 10 months; P<0.001). The risk of progression from H1 to H2 was less in experimental group than control group (49.28% vs. 60.86%; P=0.14). Conclusions: Prophylactic mesh placement significantly prolonged post-operative time to recurrence and incidence rate of PSH. The incidence of recurrence of H2 (severe PSH) requiring secondary surgical repair was reduced.
Multivariate radiomics models based on 18F-FDG hybrid PET/MRI for distinguishing between Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Hu Xuehan , Sun Xun , Hu Fan , Liu Fang , Ruan Weiwei , Wu Tingfan , An Rui , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose To construct multivariate radiomics models using hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for distinguishing between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods Ninety patients (60 with PD and 30 with MSA) were randomised to training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. All patients underwent 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MRI to simultaneously obtain metabolic images (18F-FDG), structural MRI images (T1-weighted imaging [T1WI], T2-weighted imaging [T2WI] and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [T2/flair]) and functional MRI images (susceptibility-weighted imaging [SWI] and apparent diffusion coefficient). Using PET and five MRI sequences, we extracted 1172 radiomics features from the putamina and caudate nuclei. The radiomics signatures were constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm in the training set, with progressive optimization through single-sequence and double-sequence radiomics models. ໿Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a clinical-radiomics model, combining the optimal multi-sequence radiomics signature with clinical characteristics and SUV values. The diagnostic performance of the models was assessed by receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The radiomics signatures showed favourable diagnostic efficacy. The optimal model comprised structural (T1WI), functional (SWI), and metabolic (18F-FDG) sequences (RadscoreFDG_T1WI_SWI) with the area under curves (AUCs) of the training and validation sets of 0.971 and 0.957, respectively. The integrated model, incorporating RadscoreFDG_T1WI_SWI, three clinical symptoms (disease duration, dysarthria and autonomic failure) and SUVmax, demonstrated satisfactory calibration and discrimination in the training and validation sets (0.993 and 0.994, respectively). DCA indicated the highest clinical benefit of the clinical-radiomics integrated model. Conclusions The radiomics signature with metabolic, structural, and functional information provided by hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI may achieve promising diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing between PD and MSA. The clinical-radiomics integrated model performed best. ໿
Crossover point of the field effect transistor and interconnect applications in turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon channel
Authors: Negishi Ryota , Yamamoto Katsuma , Tanaka Hirofumi , Mojtahedzadeh Seyed Ali , Mori Nobuya , Kobayashi Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The electrical transport properties of a turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with various number of layers (1~8 layers) were investigated using a field effect transistor with a single GNR channel. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 5 layers or less, the carrier mobility and Ion/Ioff ratio in the FETs were improved by slightly increasing the conductance with increasing the number of layers, meaning that the excellent semiconducting characteristic. The improvement of the carrier transport properties promotes by the turbostratic stacking structure. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 6 layers or more, although the Ion/Ioff ratio degraded, the conductance extremely improved with increasing the number of layers. This indicates that the turbostratic multilayer GNR with thicker number of layers becomes the significantly lower resistivity wire as a metallic characteristic. We revealed that the crossover point of the physical properties between the semiconducting and metallic characteristics is determined by the strength to screen the surrounding environment effects such as charged impurity on the substrate. Our comprehensive investigation provides a design guidance for the various electrical device applications of GNR materials.
Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres on graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for advanced treatment of biotreated papermaking effluent
Authors: Peng Yecan , Ye Guirong , Du Yangliu , Zeng Lingyu , Hao Jiawen , Wang Shuangfei , Zhou Jinghong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of using Fe3O4/graphene oxide (FGO) nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for the advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater. FGO nanocomposites with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios were synthesized by co-precipitating iron salts onto GO sheets in basic solution. Characterization of the resulting material structures and functionalities was performed using a range of analytical techniques. A low GO loading afforded a good Fe3O4 nanoparticle dispersibility and resulted in a higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume. The FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4 were used to treat papermaking wastewater in a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The results suggested that the nanocomposite designated FGO1 (GO loading of 25 mg) exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency than other FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4. A maximum chemical oxygen demand degradation efficiency of 89.6% was achieved in 80 min with 1.5 g.L− 1 FGO1 at pH 3. The degradation of different pollutants present in wastewater was evaluated with the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 3D excitation–emission-matrix analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and magnetic measurements confirmed that the FGO1 nanocomposites possess a low iron leachability and a high reusability. Thus, a comprehensive advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater using a magnetic FGO catalyst is demonstrated.
Forest structural complexity in habitats with presence and absence of the Caucasian grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi) in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran
Authors: Ghanbari Sajad , Sefidi Kiomars , Álvarez-Álvarez Pedro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Forest structural complexity can vary among different types of habitat and is defined by the dependency of species on resources. The positive relationship between structural complexity and forest functions is of increasing interest to researchers. In this study, we focused on the structural complexity of the habitat of the Caucasian grouse ( Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi ), which is an indicator species in mountain forest habitats in the Arasbaran biosphere reserve, Iran. Data were collected from previously identified presence and absence locations of this species. Three sample plots were chosen at random in each area (six sample plots in total). The main parameters measured were type of species, diameter and height of trees, shrub and regeneration, and number and diameter of coarse woody debris. Overstorey tree species richness differed in the absence and presence locations, with 16 and 12 species respectively. Understory species richness was also different in the absence (15 species) and presence (10 species) locations. The Caucasian grouse was observed in the site with trees smaller than 10 cm and a balanced density of trees smaller than 5 cm. Overall, the SCI was higher in the absence location than in the presence location. The heterogeneity of the stand structure in grouse habitats was low. The area where the Caucasian grouse was present was characterized by small numbers of dead trees and also low log volume. Maintaining a heterogenous forest structure is important for protecting this species. Conservation of fruit trees that are fed on by the grouse is also recommended.
Epiretinal Membrane Appearance or Progression After Intravitreal Injection in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Taniguchi Hikari , Yoshida Izumi , Sakamoto Masashi , Maeno Takatoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the influence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the appearance or progression of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and investigate determining factors.Methods: Seventy-six eyes that were treated for more than 36 months from the first anti-VEGF injection were assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed between smoking, lens status, subretinal hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status, peripheral degeneration, contralateral eye, and the number of injections as independent variables and appearance or progression of ERMs during 36 months as dependent variables.Results: The presence of vitreous macular adhesion (VMA) or development of PVD during the observation period was significantly associated (Odds ratio [OR]: 5.76; 95% confidence limit [CL], 1.72-19.3; p＝0.005) with the appearance or progression of ERMs. Moreover, peripheral retinal degeneration was significantly associated (OR: 3.85; 95% CL, 1.15-13.0; p＝0.029). Injection number of anti-VEGF was not significantly associated (OR: 1.02; 95% CL, 0.90-1.16; p＝0.73). Number of anti-VEGF injections in ARMD had little relationship with developing secondary ERMs. VMA or developing PVD and peripheral degenerations had an association with developing ERMs. Conclusion: This study suggests possibilities that anti-VEGF injections alone are unable to cause the development of ERMs, that the vitreoretinal interface has a prior impact on the developing ERMs in ARMD similar to that of idiopathic ERMs, and that peripheral degenerations co-exist with or are evoked by vitreoretinal adhesion in the pathogenesis of ARMD, both being related to ERMs development.
Targeted Lateral Positioning Decreases Lung Collapse and Overdistension in COVID-19-Associated ARDS
Authors: Mlček Mikuláš , Otáhal Michal , Borges João Batista , Alcala Glasiele Cristina , Hladík Dominik , Kuriščák Eduard , Tejkl Leoš , Amato Marcelo , Kittnar Otomar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Among the challenges for personalizing the management of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and body positions in regional lung mechanics. Right-left lung aeration asymmetry and poorly recruitable lungs with increased recruitability with alternating body position between supine and prone have been reported. However, real-time effects of changing body position and PEEP on regional overdistension and collapse, in individual patients, remain largely unknown and not timely monitored.
Methods
We here report a series of consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS. Aiming at to individualize PEEP and body positioning in order to reduce mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury, collapse and overdistension, sixteen decremental PEEP titrations were performed in the first days of mechanical ventilation (8 pairs supine vs. targeted lateral position): supine position immediately followed by 30° targeted lateral position. The choice of lateral tilt was based on X-Ray: the less aerated lung was positioned up. Maps and percentages of global and regional collapse and overdistension were measured for each PEEP level by electrical impedance tomography.
Results
Targeted lateral position resulted in significantly smaller amounts of overdistension and collapse when compared with the supine one: less collapse along the PEEP titration was found within the left lung in targeted lateral; and less overdistension along the PEEP titration was found within the right lung in targeted lateral. Regarding collapse within the right lung and overdistension within the left lung: no differences were found for position.
Conclusions
Targeted lateral positioning with bedside personalized PEEP provided a selective attenuation of overdistension and collapse in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS and right-left lung aeration/ventilation asymmetry.
Association of Eccentric Quadriceps Torque With Knee Pain, Physical Function and Extension Lag in Women With Grade ≤ II Knee Osteoarthritis-A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arab Fares , Quddus Nishat , Khan Sohrab A. , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Khan Masood 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disabling disease among women. Quadriceps weakness is attributed to one of the causes of knee pain (KP) and disability. The study aimed to test the correlation of eccentric quadriceps torque (EQT) with 2 subscales of reduced WOMAC questionnaire (KP and physical function) and extension lag range of motion (ROM) at the knee joint in osteoarthritic women.
Methods

A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 70 (age 41.1 ± 7.1) female patients having grade ≤ II knee OA participated in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the independent variable (EQT) and dependent variables (2 subscales of reduced WOMAC questionnaire and extension lag in the knee).
Results

EQT presented a significant moderate negative correlation with the reduced WOMAC subscales (pain r = -0.489, p < 0.01 and physical function r = -0.425, p < 0.01), and low positive correlation with available ROM (r = 0.349, p < 0.01).
Conclusions

The self-reported symptoms of KP, physical function, and extension lag in the early stages of knee OA in women are associated with EQT. Thus designing a rehabilitation program having eccentric quadriceps strengthening exercises may improve KP and physical activities but further randomized controlled trials are needed to verify this.
Blueshift Plasmonic effect in photonic crystal cavity with gold nano-structure
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Wu Yongling , Hongyu Zheng , Yadav Neha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research article, we reportthe plasmonic effect exhibited by a self-assembled photonic crystal cavity in nanostructures using asecond harmonic laser exposure. The photonic nanostructures composed of goldnanoparticles (AuNPs),enhancedthe fluorescence properties which undergo into lattice planesand thereby affect thenonlinearproperties.The newlyfabricated colloidal structures exhibited a strong plasmonicinteraction with different laser powersdensity.The outcome of this research presentsthe self-assembled nano-photonic cavity as a suitable plasmonic nanostructure for optoelectronic applications. These nanostructurescan be fabricated using high power lasers source,e.g. dye laser and solid-state laser.
Value of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 Imaging in the Diagnosis of Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Yue , Yang Xin , Liu Huipan , Luo Wenbin , Liu Hanxiang , Lv Taiyong , Wang Junzheng , Qin Jianhua , Ou Santao , Chen Yue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeRenal fibrosis is a pathological state in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Early detection and treatment are vital to prolong the survival of patients. Renal puncture examination represents the gold standard examination method for renal fibrosis, but it has several limitations. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel PET radiotracer, [68Ga]Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, which specifically images fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression for renal fibrosis.MethodsAll patients underwent renal puncture before receiving [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging. They then underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and immunochemistry examinations, and the data obtained were analyzed.ResultsThe [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination results showed that almost all patients (12/13) exhibited increased radiotracer uptake. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in patients with mild, moderate, and severe fibrosis was 3.92±1.50, 5.98±1.6, and 7.67±2.23, respectively.Conclusion﻿Compared with renal puncture examination, non-invasive imaging of FAP expression through [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT can quickly show the patient’s bilateral kidney condition with high sensitivity. This can facilitate the evaluation of the patient’s disease progression, diagnosis, and the development of a treatment plan.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in two cultigroups of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Cacaï Gilles H.T. , Ahokpossi Brunith A.M. , Houédjissin Serge S. , Houngue Jerome Anani , Badou Bienvenue T. , Ahanhanzo Corneille 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPineapple production is mostly constrained by unavailability of high-performance suckers. However, somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been revealed the most rapid and controllable method for Pineapple propagation than conventional sucker production methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of two cultivars of pineapple regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. MethodsThus, calli were induced from crown leaf and plantlets leaf of Smooth Cayenne and Sugar Loaf cultivars. Murashige and Skoog base medium supplemented with vitamins B5 and different in hormonal combinations: Auxins / Cytokins. BAP and / or 2,4-D have been added to base medium for calli maturation and BAP and GA3 for plant regeneration. ResultsThe results indicated a significant influence of type of explant and copper on callus induction in pineapple cultivars. Likewise, The medium MS with growth regulator combination NAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1mg / l (BAP) has a highly significant influence with 8.8 mature somatic embryos. Also, the growth regulator combinations and the cultivars have significantly influenced somatic embryos regeneration with a high rate of 55.25% shoots by using the hormonal combination BAP (3 mg/l) + GA3 (2 mg/l) for the smooth Cayenne. Conclusion Leaves from organogenesis plantlets constitute the explants to be used for callus induction in pineapple. The combination of BAP (1 mg/l) + copper (2 mg/l) + Picloram (6 mg/l or 12 mg/l) on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with vitamins B5 was favorable somatic embryos regeneration of pineapple. The protocol developed is a key study for successful mass propagation and genetics transformation of pineapple.
The incidence of distal radius fractures in a Swedish pediatric population - an observational cohort study of 90 970 individual fractures
Authors: Südow Hanna , Navarro Cecilia Mellstrand 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background 40-50% of all boys and 30-40% of girls suffer from at least one fracture during childhood. A quarter of these fractures affects the wrist, making it the worst affected part of the body. Children often sustain the injury during play or sport activities. There has been a lifestyle change among European children during the last decades, and there is reason to believe that fracture incidence is changing. Methods For the purpose of this observational cohort study registry data was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register for all pediatric patients registered with a distal radius fracture during the period 2005 – 2013. Incidence rates were calculated for each year using data from Statistic Sweden on population size by age and gender. Results 90 970 distal radius fractures were identified. The mean age at the time of fracture was 10 years. In ages 10-17 the proportion of male patients was significantly larger. Seasonal variations were detected with peak incidences in May and September. A decreasing total fracture incidence was observed during the study period. Conclusion The incidence of distal radius fractures in a population 0 – 17 years in Sweden was higher among male than in female patients. The incidence was lower in 2008 – 2013 as compared to 2005. Further studies are necessary to reveal if the incidence will continue to decrease.