bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical prediction rule for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 116 U.S. emergency departments 2-22-2021
Authors: Kline Jeffrey A. , Camargo Carlos A. , Courtney D. Mark , Kabrhel Christopher , Nordenholz Kristen E. , Aufderheide Thomas , Baugh Joshua J. , Beiser David G. , Bennett Christopher L. , Bledsoe Joseph , Castillo Edward , Chisolm-Straker Makini , Goldberg Elizabeth M. , House Hans , House Stacey , Jang Timothy , Lim Stephen C. , Madsen Troy E. , McCarthy Danielle M. , Meltzer Andrew , Moore Stephen , Newgard Craig , Pagenhardt Justine , Pettit Katherine L. , Pulia Michael S. , Puskarich Michael A. , Southerland Lauren T. , Sparks Scott , Turner-Lawrence Danielle , Vrablik Marie , Wang Alfred , Weekes Anthony J. , Westafer Lauren , Wilburn John 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
Accurate and reliable criteria to rapidly estimate the probability of infection with the novel coronavirus-2 that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease (COVID-19) remain an urgent unmet need, especially in emergency care. The objective was to derive and validate a clinical prediction score for SARS-CoV-2 infection that uses simple criteria widely available at the point of care.

Methods
Data came from the registry data from the national REgistry of suspected COVID-19 in EmeRgency care (RECOVER network) comprising 116 hospitals from 25 states in the US. Clinical variables and 30-day outcomes were abstracted from medical records of 19,850 emergency department (ED) patients tested for SARS-CoV-2. The criterion standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 required a positive molecular test from a swabbed sample or positive antibody testing within 30 days. The prediction score was derived from a 50% random sample (n = 9,925) using unadjusted analysis of 107 candidate variables as a screening step, followed by stepwise forward logistic regression on 72 variables.

Results
Multivariable regression yielded a 13-variable score, which was simplified to a 13-point score: +1 point each for age>50 years, measured temperature>37.5°C, oxygen saturation<95%, Black race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, household contact with known or suspected COVID-19, patient reported history of dry cough, anosmia/dysgeusia, myalgias or fever; and -1 point each for White race, no direct contact with infected person, or smoking. In the validation sample (n = 9,975), the probability from logistic regression score produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79–0.81), and this level of accuracy was retained across patients enrolled from the early spring to summer of 2020. In the simplified score, a score of zero produced a sensitivity of 95.6% (94.8–96.3%), specificity of 20.0% (19.0–21.0%), negative likelihood ratio of 0.22 (0.19–0.26). Increasing points on the simplified score predicted higher probability of infection (e.g., >75% probability with +5 or more points).

Conclusion
Criteria that are available at the point of care can accurately predict the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These criteria could assist with decisions about isolation and testing at high throughput checkpoints.
Searching a database of source codes using contextualized code search
Authors: Mukherjee Rohan , Chaudhuri Swarat , Jermaine Chris 
Published: March 2021

Consider the case where a programmer has written some part of a program, but has left part of the program (such as a method or a function body) incomplete. The goal is to use the context surrounding the missing code to automatically "figure out" which of the codes in the database would be useful to the programmer in order to help complete the missing code. The search is "contextualized" in the sense that the search engine should use clues in the partially-completed code to figure out which database code is most useful. The user should not be required to formulate an explicit query.
We cast contextualized code search as a learning problem, where the goal is to learn a distribution function computing the likelihood that each database code completes the program, and propose a neural model for predicting which database code is likely to be most useful. Because it will be prohibitively expensive to apply a neural model to each code in a database of millions or billions of codes at search time, one of our key technical concerns is ensuring a speedy search. We address this by learning a "reverse encoder" that can be used to reduce the problem of evaluating each database code to computing a convolution of two normal distributions.
Extremals in nonlinear potential theory
Authors: Hynd Ryan , Seuffert Francis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider the PDE

-

Δ
p

⁢
u

=
ρ

-\Delta_{p}u=\rho

, where 𝜌 is a signed Borel measure on

R
n

\mathbb{R}^{n}

.
For each

p
>
n

p>n

, we characterize solutions as extremals of a generalized Morrey inequality determined by 𝜌.
An adaptive social distancing SIR model for COVID-19 disease spreading and forecasting
Authors: Gounane Said , Barkouch Yassir , Atlas Abdelghafour , Bendahmane Mostafa , Karami Fahd , Meskine Driss 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, various mathematical models have been proposed to model COVID-19 outbreak. These models are an effective tool to study the mechanisms of coronavirus spreading and to predict the future course of COVID-19 disease. They are also used to evaluate strategies to control this pandemic. Generally, SIR compartmental models are appropriate for understanding and predicting the dynamics of infectious diseases like COVID-19. The classical SIR model is initially introduced by Kermack and McKendrick (cf. (Anderson, R. M. 1991. “Discussion: the Kermack–McKendrick Epidemic Threshold Theorem.” Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53 (1): 3–32; Kermack, W. O., and A. G. McKendrick. 1927. “A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics.” Proceedings of the Royal Society 115 (772): 700–21)) to describe the evolution of the susceptible, infected and recovered compartment. Focused on the impact of public policies designed to contain this pandemic, we develop a new nonlinear SIR epidemic problem modeling the spreading of coronavirus under the effect of a social distancing induced by the government measures to stop coronavirus spreading. To find the parameters adopted for each country (for e.g. Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Algeria and Morocco) we fit the proposed model with respect to the actual real data. We also evaluate the government measures in each country with respect to the evolution of the pandemic. Our numerical simulations can be used to provide an effective tool for predicting the spread of the disease.
The impact of endometriosis on the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques: role of fertility preservation
Authors: Necula Daniel , Gmuer Andrea , Mathis Jérôme 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases associated with infertility. It requires different therapeutic approaches, depending on the type, whether superficial, ovarian or deep endometriotic nodules, clinical presentation, age or origin of infertility. Patients with endometriosis should be considered a group of high-risk for infertility and any intervention should be planned taking this consideration into account. For many years, surgery was the only tool in improving fertility outcomes. Nowadays, it remains the gold standard for the treatment of endometriosis, but it should be carefully used because of its harmful potential, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency and further infertility. With the development of modern assisted reproductive techniques (ART), which can offer better results in terms of fertility, the role of surgery progressively decreased. Nowadays, therapeutic approach is complex and multidisciplinary teams should be guiding individual treatment for each woman. Options include medical treatment, surgery, in vitro fertilization (IVF) or oocytes/embryo/ovarian tissue cryopreservation. There is a constant effort in developing diagnostic scores, in order to predict risk of infertility and create standard of practice, offering a long-term approach in terms of fertility preservation and quality of life.
Generating History: Rethinking Generations in Chinese Filmmaking
Authors: Clark Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that the idea of a Fifth Generation of Chinese filmmakers was created almost as much by critics and others outside of China as by China-based writers on film. I will suggest that this cohort of filmmakers, which emerged in the mid-1980s, was more distinctive and shared more in common than generations of filmmakers before or since that decade. But using the Fifth Generation label can sometimes obscure real differences among the artists to whom the term is applied. Moreover, this cohort, within a matter of a few years, lost its relative coherence as its members went their separate ways. The paper will end by suggesting that in some senses the Fifth Generation, usually hailed as a “New Wave” in Chinese filmmaking, marked an end of certain attitudes to film in China rather than a new beginning.
Development of atrial fibrillation following trauma increases short term risk of cardiovascular events
Authors: Nassoiy Sean P. , Blackwell Robert H. , Brown McKenzie , Kothari Anai N. , Plackett Timothy P. , Kuo Paul C. , Posluszny Joseph A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
New onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with poor outcomes in several different patient populations.

Objectives
To assess the effect of developing AF on cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) during the acute index hospitalization for trauma patients.

Methods
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for California and Florida were used to identify adult trauma patients (18 years of age or older) who were admitted between 2007 and 2010. After excluding patients with a history of AF and prior history of cardiovascular events, patients were evaluated for MI, CVA, and death during the index hospitalization. A secondary analysis was performed using matched propensity scoring based on age, race, and preexisting comorbidities.

Results
During the study period, 1,224,828 trauma patients were admitted. A total of 195,715 patients were excluded for a prior history of AF, MI, or CVA. Of the remaining patients, 15,424 (1.5%) met inclusion criteria and had new onset AF after trauma. There was an associated increase in incidence of MI (2.9 vs. 0.7%; p<0.001), CVA (2.6 vs. 0.4%; p<0.001), and inpatient mortality (8.5 vs. 2.1%; p<0.001) during the index hospitalization in patients who developed new onset AF compared with those who did not. Cox proportional hazards regression demonstrated an increased risk of MI (odds ratio [OR], 2.35 [2.13–2.60]), CVA (OR, 3.90 [3.49–4.35]), and inpatient mortality (OR, 2.83 [2.66–3.00]) for patients with new onset AF after controlling for all other potential risk factors.

Conclusions
New onset AF in trauma patients was associated with increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), and mortality during index hospitalization in this study.
Logik des Scheins. Kant über theoretische und praktische Selbsttäuschung
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I will reconstruct Kant’s theory of illusion from the perspective of his transcendental philosophy. I argue that it is Kant’s theory of dialectic as the “logic of illusion” that grounds both theoretical and practical error and that traces them back to a common root: the operation of rationalizing by theoretical and practical reason. I analyze different kinds of theoretical and practical errors and show how they are grounded in reason’s general propensity to rationalize. The paper exposes this common root and shows which rules Kant develops in order to avoid rationalizing.
Supported polyoxometalates as emerging nanohybrid materials for photochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Munir Akhtar , Haider Ali , Ullah Najeeb , Hussain Irshad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sunlight and water are among the most plentiful and sustainable resources of energy. Natural photosystem II in the plants uses these resources in ecofriendly manner for the production of atmospheric oxygen and energy. Inspired by this natural process, the development of artificial catalytic system to facilitate the solar-induced water splitting for the continuous production of hydrogen is the holy grail of the chemist and energy experts to meet the future energy demand at minimal environmental cost. Despite considerable research efforts dedicated to this area in the last decade, the development of highly efficient, stable and economic photocatalysts remain a challenging task for the large scale H2 production from water. Polyoxometalates (POMs)-based materials are emerging photo/photoelectrocatalysts in this quest owing to their multi-electron redox potential and fast reversible charge transfer properties, which are the essential requirements of photo-assisted water splitting catalysis. They are generally soluble in aqueous medium and thus their inherent catalytic/co-catalytic properties can be better exploited by incorporating/immobilizing them over suitable support materials. Therefore, exploration of discrete POM units over the support materials possessing high surface area, functionalizable architecture, flexible pore size and good light harvesting ability is an attractive area of research that has resulted in the generation of a strong library of heterocatalysts. The underlying support not only offers stability and recyclability attributes to the POM units but also provides decent dispersion, easy/maximum accessibility to the active sites, enhanced absorption capability, and synergistically enhances the activity by transfer of electrons and efficient charge/carriers separation by creating POM-support junctions. This mini-review emphasizes on the strategies for the incorporation of POMs on various porous supports like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), oxide-based semiconductors, carbonaceous materials, etc., and their applications as effective photo/photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. In addition, the mechanistic study, comparative analysis and the future potential of these novel nanoscale materials is also highlighted. We believe that this review article will provide a new direction and scientific interest at the boundary of materials engineering, and solar-driven chemistry for the sustainable energy conversion/storage processes.
Supercapacitor electrode materials: addressing challenges in mechanism and charge storage
Authors: Attia Sayed Y. , Mohamed Saad G. , Barakat Yosry F. , Hassan Hamdy H. , Zoubi Wail Al 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, rapid technological advances have required the development of energy-related devices. In this regard, Supercapacitors (SCs) have been reported to be one of the most potential candidates to meet the demands of human’s sustainable development owing to their unique properties such as outstanding cycling life, safe operation, low processing cost, and high power density compared to the batteries. This review describes the concise aspects of SCs including charge-storage mechanisms and scientific principles design of SCs as well as energy-related performance. In addition, the most important performance parameters of SCs, such as the operating potential window, electrolyte, and full cell voltage, are reviewed. Researches on electrode materials are crucial to SCs because they play a pivotal role in the performance of SCs. This review outlines recent research progress of carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides, MXenes, and metal nitrides. Finally, we give a brief outline of SCs’ strategic direction for future growth.
The 48 pillars of the House of the King and the House of the Lord (LXX 3Kgdms 7:31)
Authors: van Keulen Percy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In LXX 3 Kgdms 7:31, »the forty-eight pillars of the House of the King and the House of the Lord« do not constitute a separate architectonical item within the precincts of palace and temple. The note rather brings together all the pillars mentioned elsewhere in 3Kgdms 6–7.
Head-on collision of two ion-acoustic solitons in pair-ion plasmas with nonthermal electrons featuring Tsallis distribution
Authors: Merriche Abderrzak , Benzekka Moufida , Amour Rabia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The head-on collision between two ion-acoustic solitons (IASs) is studied in pair ions plasmas with hybrid Cairns–Tsallis-distributed electrons. The chosen model is inspired from the experimental studies of Ichiki et al. [Phys. Plasmas 8, 4275 (2001)]. The extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method is employed to obtain the phase shift due to the IASs collision. Both analytical and numerical results reveal that the magnitude of the phase shift is significantly affected by the nonthermal and nonextensive parameters (α and q), the number density ratios (μ and υ) as well as the mass ratio σ. For a given mass ratio

σ
≃
0.27

$\sigma \simeq 0.27$

(Ar+,

SF
6
−

${\text{SF}}_{6}^{-}$

), the magnitude of the phase shift

Δ

Q

(
0
)

${\Delta}{Q}^{\left(0\right)}$

decreases slightly (increases) with the increase of q (α). The effect of α on

Δ

Q

(
0
)

${\Delta}{Q}^{\left(0\right)}$

is more noticeable in the superextensive distribution case (q < 1). As σ increases [

σ
≃
0.89

$\sigma \simeq 0.89$

(Xe+,

SF
6
−

${\text{SF}}_{6}^{-}$

)], the phase shift becomes wider. In other terms, the phase shift was found to be larger under the effect of higher densities of the negative ions. Our findings should be useful for understanding the dynamics of IA solitons’ head-on collision in space environments [namely, D-regions (

H
+

${\text{H}}^{+}$

,

O
2
−

${\text{O}}_{2}^{-}$

) and F-regions (H+, H−) of the Earth’s ionosphere] and in laboratory double pair plasmas [namely, fullerene (C+, C−) and laboratory experiment (Ar+, F−)].
Nutzen von Erfahrungswissen in Krisen.
Authors: Barth Janina , Schneider-Braunberger Andrea H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It appears to be almost self-evident that most people look towards past experiences for guidance during times of crisis. We would like to consider the empirical evidence for this assumption by analysing the public discourse regarding the reactions to crises, which includes general reporting, statements from politicians or discussions in the media.
The outbreak of the Corona pandemic in Germany, starting in March 2020, opens the possibility to collect several preliminary findings by analysing relevant press coverage in the newspapers. Articles from different sections of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F.A.Z.) and from the Handelsblatt were evaluated. As our main interest focuses on economic historical (not e. g. medical historical) research questions, we chose the F.A.Z. First, because its business reporting is important within the German newspaper environment in general. Second, because its reporting on the Corona pandemic was award-winning. Additionally, we focused on the Handelsblatt because the newspaper provides press coverage explicitly on financial, business, and political issues – all subjects directly affected by the Corona crisis. The analysis concluded that there was a rise in articles with historical references in general while the number of articles linked to businesses did not increase at the same time which can be linked to the absence of expert business history opinions on offer.
Tensile Strength of Compacted Clays during Desiccation under Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Salimi Kwestan , Cerato Amy B. , Vahedifard Farshid , Miller Gerald A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The tensile strength of unsaturated soils is a critical factor controlling the initiation and propagation of desiccation cracks, which can threaten the structural integrity of natural and man-made earthen structures and slopes. Several engineering applications involve unsaturated soils subjected to elevated temperatures (e.g., earthen structure-atmospheric interaction under prolonged droughts, nuclear water disposal, energy piles, ground source heat pumps). Although the temperature dependency of desiccation cracking is demonstrated in the literature, critical gaps remain regarding the characterization of the tensile strength under elevated temperatures. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of elevated temperature on the tensile strength of unsaturated clays during desiccation. To accomplish this objective, a novel testing setup that can be used to directly determine soil tensile strength during desiccation was placed in an oven to measure the tensile strength of two compacted clayey soils of medium to high plasticity under different temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C. The clays are compacted at 95 % of their respective maximum dry unit weights over a range of water contents from dry to wet of optimum to investigate the influence of initial water content on tensile strength. The results demonstrated that the tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature. At the optimum water content, a tensile strength reduction of 36 % and 27 % in the highly plastic clay and the medium plastic clay, respectively, was observed when the temperature increased from 20°C to 60°C. Additionally, for the partially saturated condition, the initial water content affected the tensile strength significantly. Temperature-induced changes in key factors contributing to the tensile strength of unsaturated clays are discussed to provide further insight into tensile strength of clays at elevated temperatures. The findings of this study can contribute toward a more realistic analysis and design of earthen structures subjected to elevated temperatures.
The Gender Equality in CLIS Model and Brain Gym Technique: A Review of Cognitive Learning Outcomes
Authors: Sele Yunawati , Nomleni Fransina Th , Sir Mega Selviana 
Published: March 2021

Gender equality is one of the important topics that need attention in learning. This study aims at finding out the cognitive learning outcomes of the equality of male and female students in Children Learning in Science (CLIS) that was combined with a Brain Gym. This study is a a comparative research. The population of this study were the students of grade XI MIA SMA Negeri 7 Kupang in the academic year of 2018/2019 and the sample of this study were the students of grade XI MIA 1. The instrument used was a test of cognitive learning outcomes. The data obtained were analyzed using Anakova. The results showed that by combining CLIS and Brain Gym technique, the equality of cognitive learning outcomes for male and female students can occur. Providing the same opportunities, the same tasks, and the same responsibilities during CLIS combined with a Brain Gym learning, can minimize the differences in characteristics between genders so that the learning outcomes obtained are equivalent.