bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monthly rainfall forecasting using temperature and climate indices through a hybrid method in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Ghamariadyan Meysam , Imteaz Monzur A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents applications of wavelet artificial neural networks (WANN) to forecast rainfalls one, three, six, and twelve months in advance using lagged monthly rainfall, maximum, minimum temperatures, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and Nino3.4 as predictors. Eight input datasets comprised of different combinations of predictive variables were used for ten candidate climate stations in Queensland, Australia. Datasets were split as 1908 to 1999 for the training of the model and 2000 to 2016 for the verification of the model. Also, the conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed with the same input datasets to compare with WANN results. Moreover, the skillfulness of the WANN was investigated with the current climate prediction system used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Australian Community Climate Earth-System Simulator–Seasonal (ACCESS–S) as well as climatology forecasts. The comparisons showed that the WANN achieved the lowest errors for three-month lagged prediction with an average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 38.6mm. In contrast, for the same lag-period, the average RMSEs from ANN, ACCESS-S, and climatology predictions were 72.2mm, 102.7mm, and 72.2mm, respectively. It is also found that the ANN underestimates the peak values with an average value of 49%, 47%, 52%, and 53% at one, three, six, and twelve months lead times, correspondingly. However, the corresponding peak values underestimation through the WANN were 0%, 1%, 22%, and 39%, respectively. This research provides promising insights into using hybrid methods for predicting rainfall a few months in advance, which is extremely beneficial for Australia’s agricultural industries.
Observed Near-Surface Wind Structure in the Inner Core of Typhoon Goni (2015)
Authors: Mashiko Wataru , Shimada Udai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe very strong Typhoon Goni passed over the Yaeyama Islands in southwestern Japan during the rapid intensification stage on August 23, 2015. Surface data collected by the dense network of weather stations as well as Doppler radar observations over the islands revealed a finescale structure in the inner core of the typhoon near the surface.Goni had a clear eye surrounded by a square-shaped eyewall with intense convection. The surface observations revealed that several vortices with a diameter of ~7–10 km accompanied by a pressure deficit were present inside the eye. From the Doppler velocity field, mesovortices approximately 10 km in diameter were found at the apexes of the square-shaped eyewall. These mesovortices and the inner rainbands emanating outward from the apexes of the polygonal eyewall generally exhibited features typical of vortex Rossby waves. The mesovortices were accompanied by a pressure deficit at the surface and enhanced surface winds. The data also indicated the first observational evidence of near-surface mixing between the eye and eyewall through the mesovortices, that is, the transport of high equivalent potential temperature in the eye toward the eyewall.The radar data revealed that many radar-reflectivity filaments that had a pleated shape with lengths of a few kilometers extended perpendicularly from the inner edge of the eyewall at low levels. The filaments associated with wind perturbations at low levels caused significant wind gusts accompanied by sudden pressure drops and shifts in wind direction at the surface.
Demonstration of automated non-adherence and service disengagement risk monitoring with active follow-up for severe mental illness
Authors: Bidargaddi Niranjan , Schrader Geoffrey , Myles Hannah , Schubert K Oliver , van Kasteren Yasmin , Zhang Tao , Bastiampillai Tarun , Roughead Elizabeth , Strobel Jorg 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Medication cessation and service disengagement often precedes relapse in people with severe mental illnesses but currently specialist mental health services only become involved after a relapse. Early detection of non-adherence is needed to enable intervention to avert relapse. This paper aims to demonstrate how digitally automated non-adherence risk monitoring from Medicare data with active follow-up can work and perform in practice in a real-world mental health service setting. Methods: AI2 software is an automated risk monitoring tool to detect non-adherence using Medicare data. It was implemented prospectively in a cohort of 354 registered patients of a community mental health clinic between July 2019 and February 2020. Patients flagged as at risk by the software were reviewed by two clinicians. We describe the risks automatically flagged for non-adherence and the clinical responses. We examine differences in clinical and demographic factors in patients flagged at increased risk of non-adherence. Results: In total, 46.7% (142/304) were flagged by the software as at risk of non-adherence, and 22% (31/142) received an intervention following clinician review of their case notes. Patients flagged by the software were older in age and had more prior mental health treatment episodes. More alerts were associated with patients who had been transferred from the mental health service to the care of their general practitioners, and those with more alerts were more likely to receive a follow-up intervention. Conclusion: Digitally automated monitoring for non-adherence risk is feasible and can be integrated into clinical workflows in community psychiatric and primary care settings. The technology may assist clinicians and services to detect non-adherence behaviour early, thereby triggering interventions that have the potential to reduce rates of mental health deterioration and acute illness relapse.
Analysis of self-efficacy for stroke recognition and action from a cluster randomised trial evaluating the effects of stroke education pamphlets versus a 12-minute culturally tailored stroke film among Black and Hispanic churchgoers in New York
Authors: Ilunga Tshiswaka Daudet , Teresi Jeanne , Eimicke Joseph P. , Kong Jian , Noble James M. , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Williams Olajide 
Published: March 2021

Background: Because early recognition of symptoms and timely treatment of stroke can reduce mortality and the long-term effects of such events, efforts to make many people both aware of these symptoms and knowledgeable about what to do when recognising them are critical for reducing impacts from stroke. Objectives: To assess the impact of a stroke preparedness film (intervention) and stroke preparedness pamphlets (usual care) on self-efficacy for stroke recognition and action. Design: Two-arm cluster randomised trial conducted between July 2013 and August 2018. Setting: A total of 13 church sites located in economically disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods in New York. Of the 883 churchgoers approached, 503 expressed interest, 375 completed eligibility screening and 312 were randomised. Participant inclusion criteria were Black or Hispanic churchgoers, aged 34 years or older, without stroke history, but at a high risk for stroke. The intervention consisted of two 12-minute stroke films: Gospel of Stroke, in English for Black participants, and Derrame Cerebral, in Spanish for Hispanic participants. Method: Participants were pre–post-tested (at baseline, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up) for self-efficacy. Descriptive analysis, a linear mixed model and t tests were used to assess the effects of a stroke preparedness film and stroke preparedness pamphlets on self-efficacy. Results: Findings are based on intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 310 participants completed the study (99% retention rate). About half (53.8%) of participants were Black and 46.2% Hispanic in the intervention group; 48.3% were Black and 51.7% were Hispanic in the usual care group. Overall, both groups evidenced higher self-efficacy (i.e. lower predicted means) over time ( p < .0001), although a significant benefit was not observed for the intervention relative to usual care. Conclusion: Both stroke preparedness films and stroke preparedness pamphlets improved self-efficacy with respect to stroke recognition and action among minority churchgoers.
The Use of Visuals in Undergraduate Neuroscience Education: Recommendations for Educators
Authors: Sahiti Qendresa , Stamp Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: There is a history of overlap between art and science education, particularly in anatomy and other related medical specialties. Technological advances have increased exposure to visual images and creation and sharing of image-based content is commonplace. Statement of the Problem: The use of visual content and activities in education typically declines after early childhood, after which most teaching and learning relies heavily on text-based curricula. Incorporating visual content into education makes optimal use of human cognition; visual and verbal processing channels can operate independently, so using both allows for dual coding and enhanced memory. Literature Review: In this paper, we review the literature on the use of visual techniques in teaching undergraduate neuroscience. Teaching Implications: Image-based content can offer learners an additional cognitive resource and also engage English language learners and those with reading challenges, which might not benefit as much from a solely text-based approach. Conclusion: We recommend educators consider the use of (1) learner-generated drawing, (2) 3-D modeling, and (3) infographics to improve learning outcomes among undergraduate neuroscience students. We provide resources and practical suggestions for implementing the aforementioned techniques.
The effectiveness of blood-flow restricted resistance training in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation of patients with lower limb disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nitzsche Nico , Stäuber Alexander , Tiede Samuel , Schulz Henry 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-load Resistance Training (RT) with or without Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) compared with conventional RT on muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume and pain in individuals with orthopaedic impairments. Data sources: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases, including the reference lists of randomised controlled trials (RCT’s) up to January 2021. Review method: An independent reviewer extracted study characteristics, orthopaedic indications, exercise data and outcome measures. The primary outcome was muscle strength of the lower limb. Secondary outcomes were muscle volume and pain. Study quality and reporting was assessed using the TESTEX scale. Results: A total of 10 RCTs with 386 subjects (39.2 ± 17.1 years) were included in the analysis to compare low-load RT with BFR and high or low-load RT without BFR. The meta-analysis showed no significant superior effects of low-load resistance training with BFR regarding leg muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume or pain compared with high or low-load RT without BFR in subjects with lower limb impairments. Conclusion: Low-load RT with BFR leads to changes in muscle strength, muscle volume and pain in musculoskeletal rehabilitation that are comparable to conventional RT. This appears to be independent of strength testing in open or closed kinetic chains.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Chinese Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Anao , Jing Shijie , Solomon Phyllis , Brose Anna 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To systematically review and meta-analyze all published studies, written in Chinese and published in China, focusing on mindfulness-based interventions for Chinese breast cancer patients’ mental health and quality of life outcomes. Methods: Following the Cochrane guideline, this study searched across five electronic debases, two professional websites, two major Chinese oncology journals, and reference lists of existing reviews and included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta-regression with robust variance estimation. Publication bias and risk of bias were assessed and evaluated in the final analysis. Results: A final of 35 clinical trials included 126 effect sizes and 3,100 participants. Studies reported an overall large and statistically significant treatment effect, g = 0.963, p < .001. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based interventions were significantly effective for Chinese breast cancer patients and are recommended for oncology social workers. Moderator analyses identified group-based mindfulness interventions as significantly more effective than individual-based interventions, and mindfulness-based interventions delivered as therapeutic treatment were significantly more effective than ones delivered as supportive treatment.
Safety of arterial catheterization using the distal radial approach in intensive care unit management: A pilot study
Authors: Oi Marina , Maruhashi Takaaki , Ishikura Ai , Kurihara Yutaro , Yaguchi Yukiko , Masuda Kazumasa , Asari Yasushi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Arterial catheter (A-line) is essential for managing severely ill patients, and the radial artery is the most common insertion site in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, many accidental removals occur because the insertion site of A-line in the traditional radial approach (TRA) overlaps with the joint flexion. Recent reports have shown no significant difference in the complication rates between coronarography using the distal radial approach (DRA) and that using TRA. However, to date, no report has examined accidental removals of DRA in the ICU. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety of the DRA A-line in ICU management. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, and observational study enrolled patients who underwent A-line insertion using the DRA at the authors’ facility, which is a university hospital with approximately 1100 beds, from January 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019. The participants’ clinical data were extracted from their medical records. The primary outcome was the number of accidental removals. Results: The study included 20 patients with a median age of 70 (interquartile range (IQR): 58.5–77) years: 10 patients with traumas, 6 with cerebral hemorrhages, 2 with gastrointestinal perforations, and 2 with other diagnoses. The number of punctures was 1 in 15 patients, 2 in 4 patients, and 3 in 1 patient. Only 1 patient required ultrasound guidance, whereas 12 patients required the use of guidewires. The median duration after insertion was 3 (IQR 2.5–5.5) days. Accidental removal was noted in only one patient. No other complications were observed during the period from insertion to removal. Conclusions: DRA may be a safe option for insertion of a new A-line in the ICU.
Cervical cord myelin abnormality is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lee Lisa Eunyoung , Vavasour Irene M , Dvorak Adam , Liu Hanwen , Abel Shawna , Johnson Poljanka , Ristow Stephen , Au Shelly , Laule Cornelia , Tam Roger , Li David KB , Cross Helen , Ackermans Nathalie , Schabas Alice J , Chan Jillian , Sayao Ana-Luiza , Devonshire Virginia , Carruthers Robert , Traboulsee Anthony , Kolind Shannon 
Published: March 2021

Background: Myelin water imaging (MWI) was recently optimized to provide quantitative in vivo measurement of spinal cord myelin, which is critically involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) disability. Objective: To assess cervical cord myelin measurements in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and progressive multiple sclerosis (ProgMS) participants and evaluate the correlation between myelin measures and clinical disability. Methods: We used MWI data from 35 RRMS, 30 ProgMS, and 28 healthy control (HC) participants collected at cord level C2/C3 on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Myelin heterogeneity index (MHI), a measurement of myelin variability, was calculated for whole cervical cord, global white matter, dorsal column, lateral and ventral funiculi. Correlations were assessed between MHI and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), timed 25-foot walk, and disease duration. Results: In various regions of the cervical cord, ProgMS MHI was higher compared to HC (between 9.5% and 31%, p ⩽ 0.04) and RRMS (between 13% and 26%, p ⩽ 0.02), and ProgMS MHI was associated with EDSS ( r = 0.42–0.52) and 9HPT ( r = 0.45–0.52). Conclusion: Myelin abnormalities within clinically eloquent areas are related to clinical disability. MWI metrics have a potential role for monitoring subclinical disease progression and adjudicating treatment efficacy for new therapies targeting ProgMS.
Direct percutaneous transcarotid approach for embolization of dural sinus malformation in a premature neonate: A case report
Authors: Moazeni Yasaman , Abdalla Ramez N , Cantrell Donald R , Hurley Michael C , Ansari Sameer A , DiPatri Arthur J , Shaibani Ali 
Published: March 2021

Dural sinus malformations (DSM) can manifest with high output cardiac failure in neonates. Interventional procedures reduce the effect of shunting on cardiac function. The umbilical artery access (UA) is the preferred route in such cases, but it is not always available. Although transfemoral arterial access (TFA) is feasible, it can be associated with complications including limb ischemia in neonates with low birth weight (LBW) and small size. The Transcarotid arterial (TCAA) approach has been successfully used in pediatric cardiac interventions, however, its use in Pediatric Neurointervention is rare. We report antegrade percutaneous TCAA for embolization of DSM in a premature neonate with BW of 1710 grams and prenatal diagnosis of DSM who was delivered at 32 weeks due to worsening cardiac failure. Due to unavailable UA, embolization was performed via (TFA) at day 2, which was complicated by significant limb ischemia. Recurrent clinical deterioration warranted additional treatment, including 2 further embolizations which were performed via percutaneous TCAA of the left and right common carotid arteries at day 59 and 71 with no immediate or intermediate complications. Conclusions Direct percutaneous TCAA can be a feasible access for intracranial interventions in neonates with LBW and unavailable UA access.
Intraosseous Anchorage of a Collagen Matrix Graft to Enhance Repair of Peroneus Brevis Tendon Degeneration
Authors: Crafton Jordan W. , Basile Philip , Cook Jeremy 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Chronic degeneration of the peroneus brevis tendon (PBT) at its insertion to the base of the fifth metatarsal is uncommon; however, when present it can be a challenge to treat. Repair of the PBT often requires tubularization with or without a peroneus longus tendon transfer. These repairs, however, may not provide resultant full muscle strength, especially if ostectomy of the fifth metatarsal base is required. We report outcomes following a novel technique for anatomic repair of degenerative PBT with intraosseous fifth metatarsal base fixation of a collagen matrix graft. Methods Thirteen consecutive patients (14 procedures) with degeneration of PBT that underwent tendon repair augmented with collagen matrix graft from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. We present outcome data of these 13 patients that were followed for at least 12 months. Results Muscle strength, complications, and patient-reported subjective outcomes were reported. There were 10 females and 3 males. Average age was 49.1 years, and average follow-up was 34.9 months. Muscle strength was reported at 5/5 to the PBT by the final follow-up for 92% of patients. There were minimal complications, 84.6% (11/13) of patients had no limitation in activity level, and 92% (12/13) would recommend this procedure to a friend. Conclusion Outcomes for this novel repair technique for insertional degenerative PBT have never been reported before and show excellent results with long-term follow-up.
Efficacy of the use of unaffected hand containment in unimanual intensive therapy to increase visuomotor coordination in children with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Palomo-Carrión Rocío , Bravo-Esteban Elisabeth , Ando-La Fuente Sara , López-Muñoz Purificación , Martínez-Galán Inés , Romay-Barrero Helena 
Published: March 2021

Background: The capacity of children with hemiplegia to be engaged in anticipatory action planning is affected. There is no balance among spatial, proprioceptive and visual information, thus altering the affected upper limb visuomotor coordination. The objective of the present study was to assess the improvement in visuomotor coordination after the application of a unimanual intensive therapy program, with the use of unaffected hand containment compared with not using unaffected hand containment. Methods: A simple blind randomized clinical trial was realized. A total of 16 subjects with congenital infantile hemiplegia participated in the study with an age mean of 5.54 years old (SD:1.55). Two intensive protocols for 5 weeks of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) or unimanual therapy without containment (UTWC) were executed 5 days per week (2 h/day). Affected upper limb visuomotor coordination (reaction time, task total time, active range, dynamic grasp) was measured before–after intensive therapy using a specific circuit with different slopes (10°/15°). Results: Statistically significant inter-group differences were found after the intervention, with clinically relevant results for the mCIMT group not seen in UTWC, in the following variables: reaction time 10°slope ( p = 0.003, d = 2.44), reaction time 15°slope ( p = 0.002, d = 2.15) as well as for the task total time 10°slope ( p = 0.002, d = 2.25), active reach 10°slope ( p = 0.002, d = 2.7), active reach 15°slope ( p = 0.003, d = 2.29) and dynamic grasp 10°/15°slopes ( p = <0.001, d = 2.69). There were not statistically significant inter-group differences in the total task time with 15°slope ( p = 0.074, d = 1.27). Conclusions: The use of unaffected hand containment in mCIMT would allow improvements in the affected upper limb’s visuomotor coordination. Thus, it would favor clinical practice to make decisions on therapeutic approaches to increase the affected upper limb functionality and action planning in children diagnosed with infantile hemiplegia (4–8 years old).