bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los formatos bibliográficos en la redacción de textos científicos
Authors: Palma Palma Pierina , Benavides Bailón Jeovanny , Saltos Lila María 
Published: December 2021

Los formatos bibliográficos son esenciales en la redacción científica porque determinan el estilo en la que se emplearán las referencias bibliográficas en un determinado documento. La función de este tipo de formatos es uniformar la información, de tal forma que se sepa de antemano qué estilo se va a emplear en un determinado género académico ya sea ensayo, artículo, reseña o un libro en particular. Por lo general, quienes determinan qué tipo de formato va en un texto es la revista o la editorial donde se publicará el documento. Existen cientos de estilos de citación y referenciado; constan entre los más importantes las siguientes normas: Apa, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, Turabian, entre otras. A lo largo de este documento se explicará la importancia que los formatos bibliográficos tienen en la redacción académica y científica. Si bien existe una tendencia a que se escoja un estilo único para la escritura de documentos, la diversificación de normas ha enriquecido las publicaciones especializadas. Ninguna norma es más importante que otra, sino que actúa en los textos para brindar coherencia a todo el documento que se publica.
Kemampuan Afektif Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar Pada Pembelajaran Online Di Program Studi PGSD Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung
Authors: Budiarti Yesi , Solviana Meita Dwi 
Published: December 2021

Learning is a conscious effort made by individuals to acquire various kinds of abilities (competencies), skills (skills), and attitudes (attitudes) through a series of learning processes that will ultimately result in behavioral changes in the individual. The learning process in schools tends to emphasize the achievement of changes in cognitive (intellectual) aspects which are carried out through various forms of approaches, strategies, and certain learning models. Learning systems that specifically develop affective abilities have received less attention, affective abilities are only used as a nurturing effect. This study aims to (1) find out whether online learning is able to bring out the affective abilities of prospective study program teachers (2) analyze the affective abilities of prospective teachers in online learning. The data used in this study is qualitative data. The technique used is a questionnaire. This questionnaire was given to respondents, namely students of PGSD teacher candidates at Muhammadiyah University of Pringsewu. The results of the study indicate that affective abilities can appear in online learning as evidenced by the results of the questionnaire that has been given to respondents. The indicators of affective ability in this study include attitudes, interests, self-concept, values, and morals, all of which are in the good range. This means that the results of students' affective abilities can be said to be valid or appear in online learning
Keywords: Affective Ability; e-learning; PGSD
Belajar merupakan upaya sadar yang dilakukan individu untuk memperoleh berbagai macam kemampuan (competencies), ketrampilan (skills), dan sikap (attitudes) melalui serangkaian proses belajar yang pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan perubahan tingkah laku pada individu tersebut. Proses pembelajaran di sekolah lebih cenderung menekankan pada pencapaian perubahan aspek kognitif (intelektual) yang dilaksanakan melalui berbagai bentuk pendekatan, strategi, dan model pembelajaran tertentu. Sistem pembelajaran yang secara khusus mengembangkan kemampuan afektif kurang mendapat perhatian, kemampuan afektif hanya dijadikan sebagai efek pengiring (nurturant effect). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui apakah pembelajaran online mampu memunculkan kemampuan afektif calon guru prodi (2) menganalisis kemampuan afektif calon guru SD pada pembelajaran online. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan ialah angket. Yang diberikan kepada 132 responden, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan afektif dapat muncul pada pembelajaran online. Indikator kemampuan afektif dalam penelitian ini, meliputi sikap, minat, konsep diri, nilai, dan moral yang semuanya berada pada rentang baik. Hal ini berarti bahwa hasil kemampuan afektif calon guru sekolah dasar dapat dikatakan valid atau muncul pada pembelajaran online.
Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Afektif; e-learning; PGSD
Design and characteristics of reflectivity tunable mirror with MZI and loop waveguide on SOI
Authors: Makihara Yutaka , Eissa Moataz , Amemiya Tomohiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To achieve a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit with active elements, we proposed a reflectivity tunable mirror constructed using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a micro heater and loop waveguide on a silicon photonics platform. In this paper, the principle of the operation, design, fabrication, and measurement results of the mirror are presented. In theory, the phase shift dependence of the mirror relies on the coupling coefficient of the directional couplers of the MZI. When the coupling coefficient

κ

2

was 0.5 and 0.15, the reflection could be turned on and off with a phase shift of

π
/
2

and

π
,

respectively. The reflection power of the fabricated mirror on the silicon on insulator substrate was changed by more than 20 dB by a phase shift. In addition, it was demonstrated that the phase shift dependence of the mirror changes with the coupling coefficient of the fabricated devices.
Evaluation of stability and robustness of poly-Si resistors with different dopant concentrations
Authors: Lin Mingte , Yang Kai Wei , King Ya-Chin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The stability and robustness of lightly and highly doped poly-Si resistors were evaluated. These resistors exhibited distinct electrical resistance properties and temperature dependences, which can be explained through the grain and grain boundary conduction mechanisms. The resistance shift saturated under the low current stress condition, but continued to increase under the high current stress condition. A novel carrier trapping density model was proposed to explain this behavior. A generalized free energy model that considered stress temperature and stress current dependences was proposed to account for the stability lifetime of a poly-Si resistor based on the resistance shift criterion. Robustness evaluation with transmission line pulse test revealed that the breakdown current exhibited a pulse width dependence which was further explained by a thermal-conduction energy model.
Barcode Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Blended Learning Pada Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Nasir Muhammad , Mardiana Mardiana 
Published: December 2021

<p><em>Kegiatan belajar-mengajar pada peserta didik di</em><em> </em><em>sekolah sekarang mayoritas menggunakan Smartphone, semua ini disebabkan karena adanya wabah virus covid-19 yang menyerang dunia dan tanpa terkecuali Indonesia. Peserta didik dalam menggunakan smartphone harus diawasi dan dibantu orang tua, karena dalam smartphone begitu banyak informasi yang tidak bisa disaring oleh anak-anak, baik dari sesi positif dan negatifnya. Oleh karena itu perlu sesuatu alat yang dapat mengarahkan anak-anak dalam belajar dan lebih terfokus dengan materi pembelajaran. Barcode merupakan suatu gambar yang berbentuk abstrak yang bisa memunculkan tulisan, data, suara bahkan video. Manfaat dari media barcode ini diharapkan mampu membuat peserta didik menjadi lebih terfokus dengan pelajaran yang diberikan guru. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan (R&amp;D)</em> <em>tahapannya menggunakan model ADDIE</em><em>. Media yang dikembangkan adalah media barcode. H</em><em>asil uji validasi pengembangan media barcode secara keseluruhan sudah lengkap </em><em>dan sudah layak digunakan untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas.</em><em> Media</em><em> ini diharapkan akan membantu guru-guru dalam membuat bahan ajar yang simpel dan terfokus pada smartphone.</em><em></em></p>
The state of the alveolar bone tissue depending on the vitality of the tooth pulp according to the saliva indicators of patients with moderate periodontitis
Authors: Yanushevich O. O. , Gasanova Z. T. , Vavilova T. P. , Runova G. S. 
Published: December 2021

Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with moderate chronic periodontitis with different dental pulp status by determining sRANKL, OPG and FGF-2 in mixed saliva and dynamic densitotomometry data.Materials and methods. Surgical treatment of 24 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis was performed. Three months before the operation, according to the indications, endodontic treatment of the examined teeth was performed in some patients. Depending on the status of the dental pulp, the patients were divided into two groups: I – patients with vital teeth, II – patients with teeth after endodontic treatment. Before and after surgery, all patients underwent clinical examination, enzyme immunoassay of saliva remodeling markers and optical densitotomometry of periodontal bone to compare the results of treatment. Results. The OHI-S index showed a significant decrease in the mean value by 12 months of observation in both groups, which was statistically significant. Higher indices of the PI index by the end of the observation period were detected in the area of depulpated teeth. An equivalent dynamics of a decrease in the value of periodontal attachment according to the CAL index was revealed in both groups after treatment. The saliva showed an equivalent decrease in sRANKL, an increase in OPG by the end of the observation period, statistically insignificant when compared between groups. FGF-2 remained undetected at any of the observation periods in all groups. Densitotomometry data indicated an increase in the density characteristics of periodontal bone by the end of observations with a stable dependence on lower values in the area of depulpated teeth. Conclusions. In the saliva of patients, the processes of periodontal bone resorption were found to be statistically equivalent in intensity, regardless of the status of the dental pulp. The absence of FGF-2 content in saliva until the end of the observation period should be considered as an indicator of periodontal healing of vital and depulpated teeth by the formation of fibrous connective tissue. Dynamic densitotomometry of alveolar bone tissue revealed statistically significantly lower density characteristics in the area of teeth with a condition after endodontic treatment.
The analysis of research methods and results on resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments to torsion load: the systematic review
Authors: Shirokova D. S. , Khabadze Z. S. , Voskresenskaya D. V. , Ismailov F. R. , Gasanova Z. M. , Fedotova N. N. 
Published: December 2021

Relevance. The objective of this study was to analyze current data concerning research methods and results on resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments to torsion load in order to minimize complications of dental root canal treatment. The use of the nickel -titanium endodontic instruments is a special importance to ensure high-quality dental root canal treatment; it prevents the further contamination of the canals with microorganisms. However, these instruments can form a fracture under torsional load which leads to further complications.Aim. The analysis of research methods and results on resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments to torsion load for minimization complications.Materials and methods. A series of publications in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pub Med was analyzed in the course of a systematic review of the literature. The articles dealing with nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and torsion load that directly influences the quality of dental root canal treatment were included in the paper.Results. 73 articles were viewed during the review. Having analyzed the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 51. There were 16 main methods which demonstrated the influence of torsion load on endodontic instruments. These methods were summarized in the Table 1.Conclusions. As regards literature data, there are a various number of methods which converge to one conclusion: nickel-titanium instruments cannot fully resist torsion load. Fracture is caused approximately in 0,5-5% of cases.
Anthropogenic factors of influence on the morbidity of the dental system of the children's population of Makhachkala
Authors: Osmanov I. N. , Osmanova F. I. , Kosyreva T. F. 
Published: December 2021

Relevance. The study of the relationship between the dental morbidity of children in the city of Makhachkala from the anthropogenic impact of a landfill.Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of children aged 2 to 17 years in three kindergartens and two schools in the city of Makhachkala in the zone of ecological distress. A total of – 420 children were examined, including – 85 of the temporary bite period; – 110 of the replacement bite period and 225 of the permanent bite period. The criteria for the selection of children were the duration of residence in this neighborhood and the presence of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th health groups. The dental examination included an assessment of the condition of the oral cavity, hard tooth tissues and periodontal tissues using a set of dental instruments according to a generally accepted technique.Results. Studies on the relationship of poor-quality drinking water with a reduced content of fluoride and the prevalence of non-carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth revealed that in the city of Makhachkala, a high prevalence of molarincisive enamel hypoplasia was detected in 45.4% of the examined and a multiple form in 31.6%% of systemic hypoplasia, local hypoplasia was noted in 22.1%, segmental hypoplasia was observed in only 4 children from 335 examined. The prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa is due to a decrease in immunity in an environmentally unfavorable city, due to the unbalanced composition of macro and microelements in drinking water, high content of sulfur oxides, carbon and dioxin-like compounds in the air. The prevalence and development of caries was noted in 75% of the examined children.Conclusions. The high morbidity rate of the children's population in Makhachkala is associated with the anthropogenic impact of solid household waste, poor-quality drinking water, air and indicates the need to develop modern waste disposal technologies and implement recommendations for the organization of preventive and medical-dental care for children from an early age.
Penggunaan Multimedia Sebagai Sarana Pemasaran Kiddiposh
Authors: A’yunn Angraeny Anggun , Alexander Suripatty Adrian 
Published: December 2021

E-Commerce menjadi strategi pemasaran yang menjadi pilihan Kiddiposh dengan berbagai media yang digunakan, seperti penggunana website, social media, dan marketplace. Hal tersebut karena semakin banyaknya pengguna sarana digital yang juga dapat memberikan dampak positif pada penjualan produk Kiddiposh. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penggunaan multimedia sebagai sarana pemasaran Kiddiposh. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studikasus dan Kiddiposh sebagai objek dalam penelitian. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kididposh merupakan salah satu bidang usaha yang menggunakan multimedia dalam kegiatan usahanya. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus dan September 2021. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder dengan menggunakan analisis interactive model yang diklasifikasikan dalam tiga langkah yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kiddiposh menggunakan media E-Commerce berupa website, social media Instagram, dan marketplace shopee dalam menawarkan produknya. Statistic kunjungan konsumen pada media E-Commerce Kiddiposh mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Hal tersebut diikuti dengan peningkatan penjualan produk Kiddiposh setiap tahunnya.
SUARA-SUARA MASYARAKAT PINGGIRAN DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN <em>ORANG-ORANG PINGGIRAN</em> KARYA LEA PAMUNGKAS
Authors: Ariani Mega Fransiska , Andalas Eggy Fajar 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap suara-suara masyarakat yang dimarginalkan dalam kumpulan cerpen Orang-Orang Pinggiran karya Lea Pamungkas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra dengan metode penelitian deskripsi kualitatif hermeneutik. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah karya sastra berupa kumpulan cerpen Orang-Orang Pinggiran karya Lea Pamungkas. Data pada penelitian ini berupa teks yang memperlihatkan suara-suara masyarakat pinggiran. Hasil penelitian ini berupa marginalisasi terhadap perempuan dan kelompok masyarakat. Marginalisasi pada perempuan, yaitu perempuan dianggap hanya sebagai subjek pemuas nafsu kaum laki-laki. Marginalisasi terhadap kelompok masyarakat ini berupa suara yang diabaikan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga menyebabkan kemiskinan Indonesia.Kata kunci: kumpulan cerpen, marginal, masyarakat pinggiran, sosiologi sastra ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the voices of the marginalized in a collection of short stories Orang-Orang Pinggiran by Lea Pamungkas. This research uses sociology of literature theory with hermeneutic qualitative description research method. The Source of this research is a literary work in the form of a collection of short stories from Orang-Orang Pinggiran by Lea Pamungkas. The data in this study are in the form of texts that show the voices of marginalized communities. The result of this research is the marginalization of women and community groups. Marginalization of women, women are considered only as a subject to satisfy the lust of men. The marginalization of this community groups is in the form of their a voice that is ignored in meeting their needs, causing poverty in Indonesia.Keywords: a collection of short stories, marginal, marginal societ, literary sociology
NILAI MORAL TOKOH UTAMA DALAM “LEGENDA MALIN KUNDANG” DAN “SI TENGGANG”: KAJIAN SASTRA BANDINGAN SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR SASTRA DI SMA
Authors: Maemunatun Siti , Istiana Inni Inayati , Astuty Astuty , Wijayanti Asri 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan perbandingan nilai moral tokoh utama dalam “Legenda Malin Kundang” dan “Si Tenggang” serta implementasinya sebagai bahan ajar sastra di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian sastra bandingan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap catat. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode padan dengan teknik dasar Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya tiga jenis nilai moral dalam “Legenda Malin Kundang” dan “Si Tenggang” yang meliputi (1) moralitas hubungan manusia dengan diri sendiri, (2) moralitas hubungan manusia dengan lingkungan sosial termasuk hubungannya dengan lingkungan alam, dan (3) moralitas hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini akan diimplementasikan dalam bentuk handout untuk siswa SMA.Kata Kunci: legenda, nilai moral, sastra bandingan ABSTRACTThis study aims to compare moral values brought by the main characters of Legenda Malin Kundang and Si Tenggang and the implementation of those values as literature teaching materials in high school. This research applies comparative literature study method. The data are collected by data collection methods a close observation and deep listening with a basic technique of taking some notes. The data analysis method applies an identity method with taking advantages of a basic technique, sorting determinants of elements (PUP). The results of this study reveal that there are three types of moral values in Legenda Malin Kundang and Si Tenggang, covering (1) morality of human relations with oneself, (2) morality of human relations with the social environment including their relationship with natural environment, and (3) morality of human relations with the God. Finally, the results of this study are implemented in the form of handouts for high school students.Keywords: legend, moral value, comparative literatur
Нейронна мережа для діагностики хвороби Паркінсона за зображенням спіралі Архімеда.
Authors: Харченко Н. , Сердаковський В. 
Published: December 2021

У статті розглянуто актуальну проблему встановлення діагнозу Паркінсона на ранніх стадіях захворювання. Вибір теми дослідження обумовлено невиліковністю хвороби Паркінсона, отже вкрай гостро, на думку авторів є нагальне виявлення захворювання на ранніх стадіях. Констатовано, що діагностики, для точного встановлення діагнозу нині не існує, тому залишається проведення тестів для виявлення симптомів. Одним з таких, як слушно зауважують автори є малювання спіралі Архімеда, яке має доволі високу точність під час виявлення тремору спокою. Створення алгоритму для автоматичної обробки таких зображень може допомогти у проведені діагностики, а також моніторингу розвитку хвороби. Поєднання штучного інтелекту та інтернет медичних речей з часом зробить підключені пристрої для моніторингу стану здоров’я більш інтелектуальними. Нейронні мережі та величезні обсяги даних, що генеруються інтернет медичних речей, також можуть використовуватися для встановлення діагнозу. Авторами статті наголошено на фундаментальних можливостях нейронних мереж, їх сприятливій ролі у трансформації сфери радіології, шляхом заощадження часу та грошей медичних організацій. Розроблено нейронну мережу, яка зможе за зображенням намальованої спіралі Архімеда встановити діагноз. Дану мережу можна використовувати для проведення ранньої діагностики, а також подальшого моніторингу стану хвороби. Зважаючи на невелику вибірку зображень для навчання та тренування моделі авторами статті було прийняте рішення про збільшення вибірки шляхом перетворення зображень, а також використання згорткової нейронної мережі з попереднім навчанням. У результаті проведеної роботи було створено модель, яка має точність 93.7 відсотків яка дозволить автоматизувати процес діагностики хвороби на ранніх стадіях.