bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar target shape recognition using a gated recurrent unit based on RCS time series' statistical features by sliding window segmentation
Authors: Ye Lv , Hu ShengBo , Yan TingTing , Meng Xin , Zhu ManQin , Xu RuiZe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe radar cross section (RCS) is an important parameter that reflects the scattering characteristics of radar targets. Based on the monostatic radar RCS time series' statistical features by sliding window segmentation, a novel sliding window‐statistical‐gated recurrent unit (SW‐S‐GRU) method for radar target recognition (RTR) is proposed using a GRU. The sliding window method divides the RCS time series into many segments for obtaining the statistical features as the input of the GRU. The deeper features are extracted from the segmented time series and then classified by the GRU. Under the model of precession motion, simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a great recognition accuracy. Even under the condition of a low SNR, the proposed method can obtain better recognition accuracy. For the precession dataset, the effect of sliding window parameters on RTR is analysed. The simulation results show that the recognition result of the model is better using the longer series overlap length between adjacent times. And when the number of hidden layers is 8 or above 8, the recognition accuracy does not change. Using the publicly available measured drone RCS data, the proposed method can also identify the drone well.
A2A: 21 000 bulge stars from the ARGOS survey with stellar parameters on the APOGEE scale
Authors: Wylie S. M. , Gerhard O. E. , Ness M. K. , Clarke J. P. , Freeman K. C. , Bland-Hawthorn J. 
Published: August 2021

Aims. Spectroscopic surveys have by now collectively observed tens of thousands of stars in the bulge of our Galaxy. However, each of these surveys had unique observing and data processing strategies that led to distinct stellar parameter and abundance scales. Because of this, stellar samples from different surveys cannot be directly combined.
Methods. Here we use the data-driven method, The Cannon, to bring 21 000 stars from the ARGOS bulge survey, including 10 000 red clump stars, onto the parameter and abundance scales of the cross-Galactic survey, APOGEE, obtaining rms precisions of 0.10 dex, 0.07 dex, 74 K, and 0.18 dex for [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], Teff, and log(g), respectively. The re-calibrated ARGOS survey – which we refer to as the A2A survey – is combined with the APOGEE survey to investigate the abundance structure of the Galactic bulge.
Results. We find X-shaped [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] distributions in the bulge that are more pinched than the bulge density, a signature of its disk origin. The mean abundance along the major axis of the bar varies such that the stars are more [Fe/H]-poor and [Mg/Fe]-rich near the Galactic centre than in the outer bulge and the long bar region. The vertical [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] gradients vary between the inner bulge and the long bar, with the inner bulge showing a flattening near the plane that is absent in the long bar. The [Fe/H] − [Mg/Fe] distribution shows two main maxima, an ‘[Fe/H]-poor [Mg/Fe]- rich’ maximum and an ‘[Fe/H]-rich [Mg/Fe]-poor’ maximum, that vary in strength with position in the bulge. In particular, the outer long bar close to the Galactic plane is dominated by super-solar [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe]-normal stars. Stars composing the [Fe/H]-rich maximum show little kinematic dependence on [Fe/H], but for lower [Fe/H] the rotation and dispersion of the bulge increase slowly. Stars with [Fe/H] < −1 dex have a very different kinematic structure than stars with higher [Fe/H].
Conclusions. Comparing with recent models for the Galactic boxy-peanut bulge, the abundance gradients and distribution, and the relation between [Fe/H] and kinematics suggests that the stars comprising each maximum have separate disk origins with the ‘[Fe/H]-poor [Mg/Fe]-rich’ stars originating from a thicker disk than the ‘[Fe/H]-rich [Mg/Fe]-poor’ stars.
Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry–A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies
Authors: Farinacci Patricia , Mevissen Meike , Ayrle Hannah , Maurer Veronika , Sørensen Dalgaard Tina , Melzig Matthias F. , Walkenhorst Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were
identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.
Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline update
Authors: Veitch Andrew M. , Radaelli Franco , Alikhan Raza , Dumonceau Jean-Marc , Eaton Diane , Jerrome Jo , Lester Will , Nylander David , Thoufeeq Mo , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Wilkinson James R. , van Hooft Jeanin E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis is a collaboration between the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and is a scheduled update of their 2016 guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. The guideline development committee included representatives from the British Society of Haematology, the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, and two patient representatives from the charities Anticoagulation UK and Thrombosis UK, as well as gastroenterologists. The process conformed to AGREE II principles, and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were derived using GRADE methodology. Prior to submission for publication, consultation was made with all member societies of ESGE, including BSG. Evidence-based revisions have been made to the risk categories for endoscopic procedures, and to the categories for risks of thrombosis. In particular a more detailed risk analysis for atrial fibrillation has been employed, and the recommendations for direct oral anticoagulants have been strengthened in light of trial data published since the previous version. A section has been added on the management of patients presenting with acute GI haemorrhage. Important patient considerations are highlighted. Recommendations are based on the risk balance between thrombosis and haemorrhage in given situations.
CT-based Abdominal Adipose Tissue Area Changes in Patients Undergoing Adrenalectomy Due to Cushing’s Syndrome and Non-functioning Adenomas
Authors: Gündoğdu Elif , Emekli Emre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The majority of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) cases constitute patients with functional adrenal adenomas. In adrenal CS, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/total adipose tissue (TAT) ratios are expected to decrease in response to adrenalectomy, although no change is expected in non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFA).
Objective To evaluate the changes in VAT, SAT, TAT areas and VAT/SAT, VAT/TAT ratios using computed tomography (CT) in patients who underwent adrenalectomy due to adenomas.
Methods Preoperative and postoperative CT of 32 patients (16 with CS and 16 with NFA) were retrospectively evaluated. The VAT, SAT, TAT areas were obtained from CT at the level of L1–2 intervertebral disc space, and the VAT/SAT, VAT/TAT ratios were calculated. The postoperative parameter changes in both groups were evaluated compared to the preoperative values. The level of statistical significance was considered as p<0.05.
Results The time interval between preoperative and postoperative CT measurements were 10.37 months (6–17) in CS and 9.75 months (7–15) in NFA groups (p=073). Preoperative CT indicated that the patients with CS had larger VAT and TAT areas (p=0.03, p=0.02) but SAT remained unchanged (p=0.08). However, postoperative CT revealed that there was no difference between the two groups in terms of VAT, TAT, and SAT areas (p=0.87, p=0.36, p=0.14). Postoperatively, in patients with CS, there was a decrease in VAT and TAT areas (p=0.01 for both) and VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios (p=0.03, p=0.02) but SAT remained unchanged (p=0.10). In patients with NFA, no change was detected in the postoperative SAT, TAT, and VAT areas (p=0.12, p=0.40, p=0.99) or the VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios (p=0.38, p=0.62).
Conclusions Adrenalectomy is an effective treatment method leading to a decrease in the VAT, TAT areas, and VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios in patients with cortisol producing adrenocortical adenoma. Thus, CT facilitates quantitative demonstration of the changes while evaluating the response of these patients to treatment.
Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activities versus UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Chemical-Profile Analysis of Ipomoea aquatica Fractions
Authors: Hefny Gad Mahmoud , Demeyer Kristiaan , Vander Heyden Yvan , Mangelings Debby 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ipomoea aquatica is a common green leafy vegetable that has numerous uses in traditional medicine. This study focused on the determination of the cytotoxic, antiradical, and antidiabetic properties of various fractions of the I. aquatica methanolic extract, as well as on the tentative identification of some bioactive compounds in the same fractions. The cytotoxicity was determined by the brine shrimp lethal test. The antioxidant activities of the I. aquatica fractions were investigated through 3 assays. The antidiabetic activity (in vitro) was measured by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. Phytochemical qualitative analyses demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, and flavonoids in the ethyl acetate-methanol and methanol fractions. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate-MeOH fractions. The evaluation of the cytotoxicity showed that the
hexane-dichloromethane fraction is the most toxic, while the others are moderately toxic. The antioxidant activity assays showed that the ethyl acetate-MeOH fractions are the most potent, while the α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays revealed that the hexane-dichloromethane fraction might contain a potent antidiabetic agent. Some bioactive substances in the MeOH fractions, such as salicylic acid glucoside, 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose derivative, and dihydroferulic acid derivative, were tentatively identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to detect and identify these compounds in this species. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that I. aquatica is a potent antioxidant agent and could be a good candidate as a natural antioxidant in food and therapeutics.
The Association between Early Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tracheal Aspirate Cultures and Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia among Extremely Preterm Infants Requiring Prolonged Ventilation
Authors: Imanishi Yousuke , Hirata Katsuya , Nozaki Masatoshi , Mochizuki Narutaka , Hirano Shinya , Wada Kazuko 
Published: August 2021

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and Gram-negative bacteria in tracheal aspirate cultures among extremely preterm infants.
Study Design This study has a retrospective cohort. Patients were 155 infants aged less than or equal to 26 gestational weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital from 2009 to 2018. Primary outcome was respiratory outcomes expressed as BPD development.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify neonatal and bacterial factors associated with BPD.
Results After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, sex, chorioamnionitis, Gram-positive cocci (GPC) and Gram-negative rods (GNRs) in tracheal aspirate cultures within 28 days after birth, GNRs were significantly associated with BPD development (odds ratio [OR]: 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–8.94). In contrast, GPCs were not associated with BPD development (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.05–1.61).
Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria in tracheal cultures within 28 days of birth are associated with BPD development in infants aged less than or equal to 26 gestational weeks.
Key Points
Ideological voting for radical right parties in Europe
Authors: Ortiz Barquero Pablo , Ruiz Jiménez Antonia María , González-Fernández Manuel Tomás 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to examine to what extent the electoral support for radical right parties (RRPs) is driven by ‘policy voting’ and to compare this support with that of centre-right parties. Using the European Election Study 2019, we focus on six party systems: Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Austria, and the United Kingdom. Our analyses reveal that party preferences for RRPs are better explained by policy considerations than by other alternative explanations (e.g. by ‘globalization losers’ or ‘protest voting’). Additionally, the results show that although preferences for both party families are mainly rooted in ‘policy voting’, notable differences emerge when looking at the role of specific policy dimensions. Overall, these findings suggest that the support for RRPs cannot be understood fundamentally as a mere reaction against economic pauperization or political dissatisfaction but instead as an ideological decision based on rational choice models.
A high-power and low-noise 532-nm continuous-wave laser for quantum gas microscopy
Authors: Li Meng-Da , Zheng Yong-Guang , Zhang Wei-Yong , Wang Xuan-Kai , Xiao Bo , Zhou Zhao-Yu , Jiang Lei , Lian Meng-Zhe , Yuan Zhen-Sheng , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: August 2021

Low-noise, high-power 532-nm lasers are of great interest in many scientific research studies, such as gravitational wave detection and ultracold atom experiments. In particular, in the experiments of quantum gas microscopy, a large power of laser is necessary during the imaging process, while low noise is important for preventing the atoms from being heated up. In this work, we report on the generation of such a 532-nm continuous-wave laser by coherently combining two laser beams produced by single-pass second-harmonic generation. The power of the combined laser is up to 17 W. With the help of intensity stabilization, we are able to suppress the relative intensity noise to below −120 dBc/Hz. The generated laser satisfies the experimental requirements for integrating optical superlattices with a quantum gas microscope.
Recurrent dynamics in the cerebral cortex: Integration of sensory evidence with stored knowledge
Authors: Singer Wolf 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThis review attempts to unite three hitherto rather unconnected concepts of basic functions of the cerebral cortex, taking the visual system as an example: 1) feed-forward processing in multilayer hierarchies (labeled line coding), 2) dynamic association of features (assembly coding), and 3) matching of sensory evidence with stored priors (predictive coding). The latter two functions are supposed to rely on the high-dimensional dynamics of delay-coupled recurrent networks. Discharge rates of neurons (rate code) and temporal relations among discharges (temporal code) are identified as conveying complementary information. Thus, the new concept accounts for the coexistence of feed-forward and recurrent processing, accommodates both rate and temporal codes, and assigns crucial functions to the complex dynamics emerging from recurrent interactions.
Conservation of Earth’s biodiversity is embedded in Indigenous fire stewardship
Authors: Hoffman Kira M. , Davis Emma L. , Wickham Sara B. , Schang Kyle , Johnson Alexandra , Larking Taylor , Lauriault Patrick N. , Quynh Le Nhu , Swerdfager Emily , Trant Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Large and severe wildfires are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are having extraordinary impacts on people and the species and ecosystems on which they depend. Indigenous peoples comprise only 5% of the world’s population but protect approximately 85% of the world’s biodiversity through stewardship of Indigenous-managed lands. Much of this is attributed to long-term and widespread relationships with and dependence on fire, which has been applied as a tool for managing landscapes for millennia. Fortunately, the revitalization of Indigenous fire stewardship is demonstrating the value of routinely applying controlled fire to adapt to changing environments while promoting desired landscapes, habitats, and species and supporting subsistence practices and livelihoods.
Competing stress-dependent oligomerization pathways regulate self-assembly of the periplasmic protease-chaperone DegP
Authors: Harkness Robert W. , Toyama Yuki , Ripstein Zev A. , Zhao Huaying , Sever Alexander I. M. , Luan Qing , Brady Jacob P. , Clark Patricia L. , Schuck Peter , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria relies on secretion of virulence factors to bacterial cell surfaces, where they interact with human host cells, interfering with their function. The DegP protease-chaperone regulates protein homeostasis in the periplasm of such bacteria and is a potential drug target. DegP is thought to exist in a resting hexameric state when not engaged with substrate molecules and cage-like 12 and 24 mers when processing substrates. Using a combination of biophysical methods, we show that DegP adopts an interconverting, broadly populated distribution of high-order oligomeric states in the absence of substrate molecules, which could facilitate a rapid response to protein misfolding that occurs as a result of cellular stresses, such as heat, oxidation, and osmotic shock.
On order and prohibition
Authors: Van Olmen Daniël 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present article examines the claim in the literature that the negative first principle, i.e. the preference for the order negation-verb to verb-negation, is stronger in negative imperatives (or prohibitives) than in negative declaratives. To test this hypothesis, we develop – in contrast to earlier research – a systematic, three-way classification of languages, which is also operationalized as a ranking capturing the overall level of strength of the principle. This classification is applied to a genealogically and geographically balanced sample of 179 languages. In addition, we consider the role of several factors known to correlate with the position of negation – like its form, constituent order and areality. However, no cross-linguistic evidence is found for any difference in negation’s position between negative imperatives and negative declaratives. We therefore conclude that the hypothesis should be rejected.
Cordyceps militaris
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cordyceps militaris
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A wide range of
Lepidoptera
, larvae and pupae; has also been reported on pupae of
Coleoptera
and on certain
Hymenoptera
(Willis, 1959). Experimental infection of
Bombyx mori
by conidia is reported by Latge & Vey (1974). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide. DISEASE: Ascospore parts germinate on a suitable host by one or more germ tubes which penetrate the integument. Hyphal bodies form in the haemocoel which bud, filling it with unicellular bodies which finally adhere in chains filling the entire body cavity. The host dies and its cadaver shrinks, the hyphal chains becoming compact. Slender hyphae penetrate the gut and other tissues, the mass becomes hardened into an endosclerotium and the integument distended to near normal size. Stromata later arise from the sclerotium.
Entomophthora grylli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Entomophthora grylli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Orthoptera; nymph and adults of grasshoppers and locusts; there have also been records on
Lepidoptera, Diptera
and
Coleoptera
(MacLeod & Muller-Kogler, 1973). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, including Britain; Canada; East, Central and South Africa. Fresenius quotes a record at 6000 ft near St. Moritz. DISEASE: The disease, causing epizootics in red locusts,
Cyrtacanthacra septemfasciata
(
Nomadacris septemfasciata
), in S. Africa is described by Skaife (1925). Infection is by germinating conidia which penetrate the integument. Dying insects characteristically climb up grass stems and die, apparently embracing the stem. The body becomes soft and easily disintegrates. The abdomen curls upward and backwards. Shortly after death a white, buff or greenish furry growth appears from the intersegmental membrane, leg joints, junction of the head and thorax and at the base of the antennae. The growth is made up of club-shaped conidiogenous cells which forcibly discharge conidia around the dead insect. Conidia, coated with the sticky contents of the conidiophore, are discharged in the evening, when the insects are clustered together and adhere to the surface of healthy individuals. A total of about 1% of locusts throughout the season die showing no external growth but are filled with resting spores; other individuals appear to be immune.
Sclerotinia fructigena
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sclerotinia fructigena
[Monilinia fructigena]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On almond, apple, apricot, cherry, fig, loquat, medlar, nectarine, peach, pear, persimmon, plum, quince, grapevine,
Amelanchier canadensis
, barberry, blackberry, cherry laurel,
Cornus mas, Corylus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus oxyacantha, C. subvillosa, Fragaria, Prunus divaricata, P. spinosa, Pyrus purpureum, P. sieboldii, Sorbus aucuparia, S. dacica, Vaccinium
. DISEASE: Brown fruit rot particularly of apple, pear, plum, cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot, quince; black apples; less frequently, twig blight and canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe and Asia, also present in Egypt, Morocco, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. CMI Map 22, ed. 4, 1976. TRANSMISSION: Mummified fruits overwinter either on trees or on the ground beneath and at the start of the growing season give rise to sporodochia and, infrequently, apothecia. In addition conidia form on other infected tissues such as cankers and blighted twigs. Spores are disseminated by air currents and water splash. There is limited spread by mycelial growth (43, 2320; 44, 1139; 56, 281).