bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-resolution imaging: when biophysics meets nanophotonics
Authors: Koenderink A. Femius , Tsukanov Roman , Enderlein Jörg , Izeddin Ignacio , Krachmalnicoff Valentina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Probing light–matter interaction at the nanometer scale is one of the most fascinating topics of modern optics. Its importance is underlined by the large span of fields in which such accurate knowledge of light–matter interaction is needed, namely nanophotonics, quantum electrodynamics, atomic physics, biosensing, quantum computing and many more. Increasing innovations in the field of microscopy in the last decade have pushed the ability of observing such phenomena across multiple length scales, from micrometers to nanometers. In bioimaging, the advent of super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has opened a completely new perspective for the study and understanding of molecular mechanisms, with unprecedented resolution, which take place inside the cell. Since then, the field of SMLM has been continuously improving, shifting from an initial drive for pushing technological limitations to the acquisition of new knowledge. Interestingly, such developments have become also of great interest for the study of light–matter interaction in nanostructured materials, either dielectric, metallic, or hybrid metallic-dielectric. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the field of nanophotonics that have leveraged SMLM, and conversely to show how some concepts commonly used in nanophotonics can benefit the development of new microscopy techniques for biophysics. To this aim, we will first introduce the basic concepts of SMLM and the observables that can be measured. Then, we will link them with their corresponding physical quantities of interest in biophysics and nanophotonics and we will describe state-of-the-art experiments that apply SMLM to nanophotonics. The problem of localization artifacts due to the interaction of the fluorescent emitter with a resonant medium and possible solutions will be also discussed. Then, we will show how the interaction of fluorescent emitters with plasmonic structures can be successfully employed in biology for cell profiling and membrane organization studies. We present an outlook on emerging research directions enabled by the synergy of localization microscopy and nanophotonics.
Electro-optically modulated lossy-mode resonance
Authors: Śmietana Mateusz , Janaszek Bartosz , Lechowicz Katarzyna , Sezemsky Petr , Koba Marcin , Burnat Dariusz , Kieliszczyk Marcin , Stranak Vitezslav , Szczepański Paweł 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and measurement range of a sensor are vital parameters for its wide applications. Fast growing number of various detection systems seems to justify worldwide efforts to enhance one or some of the parameters. Therefore, as one of the possible solutions, multi-domain sensing schemes have been proposed. This means that the sensor is interrogated simultaneously in, e.g., optical and electrochemical domains. An opportunity to combine the domains within a single sensor is given by optically transparent and electrochemically active transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as indium tin oxide (ITO). This work aims to bring understanding of electro-optically modulated lossy-mode resonance (LMR) effect observed for ITO-coated optical fiber sensors. Experimental research supported by numerical modeling allowed for identification of the film properties responsible for performance in both domains, as well as interactions between them. It has been found that charge carrier density in the semiconducting ITO determines the efficiency of the electrochemical processes and the LMR properties. The carrier density boosts electrochemical activity but reduces capability of electro-optical modulation of the LMR. It has also been shown that the carrier density can be tuned by pressure during magnetron sputtering of ITO target. Thus, the pressure can be chosen as a parameter for optimization of electro-optical modulation of the LMR, as well as optical and electrochemical responses of the device, especially when it comes to label-free sensing and biosensing.
Frequency and mode measurement techniques for megawatt-class gyrotrons
Authors: Ruess Tobias , Gantenbein Gerd , Ioannidis Zisis , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Wagner Dietmar , Thumm Manfred , Jelonnek John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
State-of-the-art vacuum electron tubes such as gyrotrons, deliver RF output powers up to more than 2 MW at frequencies up to 170 GHz. In terms of the very high power levels, a proper verification of the gyrotron components itself and measurements during gyrotron operation are vital to prevent possible fatal errors. Several basic RF measurement setups, which are used at IHM/KIT, are discussed. Currently, their upper frequency limit is 175 GHz. In terms of future gyrotron operation above 200 GHz, upgrades of the measurement setups for operation up to 260–330 GHz are prepared. The experimental devices discussed herein are a quasi-optical mode generator for the verification of the quasi-optical gyrotron output system, the window measurement test stand to verify the ceramic gyrotron output window and the frequency diagnostic system to measure the operating frequency and thereby the excited mode.
Modelling of cutting forces and surface roughness evolutions during straight turning of Stellite 6 material based on response surface methodology, artificial neural networks and support vector machine approaches
Authors: Ben Fathallah Brahim , R. Saidi  , S. Belhadi  , M.A. Yallese  , T. Mabrouki  
Published: December 2021

The present research work proposes an experimental investigation helping to comprehend fundamental impacts of operating conditions during the cutting of cobalt alloys (Stellite 6). Thus, an experimental design was adopted to allow to build predicted mathematical models for the outputs, which are the average peak-to-valley profile roughness (Rz) and the tangential cutting force (Ft). Artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and response surface methodology (RSM) were exploited to model the pre-cited outputs according to operation parameters. As a result, it has been highlighted that both feed rate and cutting depth, considerably, affect tangential cutting force evolution. Moreover, results show that both the insert feed rate and nose radius, are higher. This means the average peak-to-valley profile roughness is higher. In order to put out the effect of operating parameters on cutting outputs, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method has been employed. This has allowed the detection of significant cutting conditions affecting average peak-to-valley profile roughness and tangential cutting force. In fact, to highlight the performance of adopted mathematical approaches, a comparison between RSM, ANN, and SVM has been also established in this study.
An Alarm Watch for Daytime Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Caldwell Patrina H.Y. , Kerr Marianne , Hamilton Sana , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Craig Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES
Daytime urinary incontinence is disabling and occurs in 17% of school-aged children. Timed-voiding is part of standard therapy. Can an alarm watch to aid timed-voiding improve treatment response to standard therapy?

METHODS
The WATCH (Watch with Alarm for Timed-Voiding in Children) study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a vibrating alarm or nonalarming watch for 3-months. The primary outcome was the proportion who achieved a complete response (14 consecutive dry days) after 3-months of treatment. Children aged 5 to 13 years who were prescribed timed-voiding for daytime urinary incontinence.

RESULTS
Overall, 243 children, with a mean age of 8 years, were enrolled, with 62% girls. At 3-months, the complete response rates were similar between the 2 groups (22% alarm versus 17% control; difference: 5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): −5% to 16%; P = .42). In the alarm group, treatment adherence was higher (40% vs 10%; difference: 30%; 95% CI: 20% to 40%; P &lt; .001), frequency of incontinence was lower (25% dry; 40% had 1–3 wet days per week, 24% had 4–6 wet days per week, and 12% had daily wetting, compared with 19%, 30%, 35%, and 16%, respectively; P =.05), and fewer had abnormal postvoid residual urine volumes (12% vs 24%; difference: −12%; 95% CI: −21% to −1%; P = .04) compared with the control group. Improvement was transient and did not persist 6 months beyond the treatment period.

CONCLUSIONS
Alarm watches do not appear to lead to complete resolution of urinary incontinence in children but did promote treatment adherence, normalization of postvoid residual volumes, and reduction in incontinent episodes while being used.
POSSIBLE VIRAL ETIOLOGY OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
Authors: GÖKOĞLU Abdulkerim , TUCER Bülent , GOKAHMETOGLU Selma , ÖZDEMİR Çağlar , ATALAY Altay , CANOZ Ozlem , KURTSOY Ali 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Recently, CMV, EBV, BKV and JC virus have been suggested to contribute to gliomagenesis, but evidence is largely contradictory. The aim of this study was to test 50 tissue samples from patients with GBM and 21 normal brain tissues obtained from autopsy material of patients without brain tumors in order to investigate the presence of possible oncogenic microorganisms, including EBV, JCV, BKV and Toxoplasma gondii, and to evaluate patient clinical characteristics of patients with respect to microorganism findings.
Material and Method: Fifty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from glioblastoma tissue and 21 normal brain tissues obtained in the autopsy of individuals without brain tumor were retrospectively analyzed. After de-paraffinization of tissue samples, DNA extraction was performed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis to detect BKV, JCV, EBV and Toxoplasma gondii via commercially-available multiplex kits.
Results: Strikingly, viral DNA was detected in 12 specimens (24%) of the GBM group and in none of the non-tumor brain specimens (p=0.014). BKV was detected in 4, EBV was detected in 3 (of these, 2 were alive during the study), Toxoplasma gondii was detected in 5 and JCV genotype was detected in 1 of the total 50 GBM tissue specimens.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that viruses may be associated with the development or progression of GBM. Understanding the role of BKV, JCV, EBV and other oncoviruses in the etiology of gliomas would likely open up new avenues for the treatment and management of this highly fatal central nervous system tumor.
« Qu'elles sont nombreuses, les demandes d'une femme aimée... »
Authors: Lushenkova Foscolo Anna 
Published: December 2021

Sont publiés ici, les lettres et messages autographes de Marina Tsvetaeva, pour la plupart inédits, datant des dernières années de son exil en France (1938-1939). La correspondance est divisée en quatre groupes en fonction de la nature des documents : 1) une note manuscrite de Tsvetaeva à destination de son fils Gueorgui (« Mour ») ; 2) ses lettres et messages pour Nadejda Toukalevskaïa ; 3) ses lettres pour Tamara Toukalevskaïa épouse Marinova, fille de Nadejda Toukalevskaïa ; 4) les notes rédigées « à quatre mains » et qui constituent une forme de dialogues écrits entre Marina Tsvetaeva et Nadejda Toukalevskaïa évoquant des œuvres de la poète et ses problèmes du quotidien. La version originale de chaque lettre est accompagnée d’une traduction en français. Présentation, traduction et commentaires d’Anna Lushenkova Foscolo.
Rencontre avec Pouchkine
Authors: Korkina Elena 
Published: December 2021

Le présent article reprend les traductions que Marina Tsvetaeva a effectuée pour les festivités organisées en l’honneur d’Alexandre Pouchkine à l’occasion du centième anniversaire de sa mort. Sa « pouchkiniana » personnelle, qui comportait à l’époque le poème intitulé « Rencontre avec Pouchkine » (1913) et le cycle « Poèmes dédiés à Pouchkine » (1931), a été complétée par les traductions des poèmes de Pouchkine vers le français créées en 1936-1937, par un essai autobiographique Mon Pouchkine, ainsi que par une recherche lyrique intitulée Pouchkine et Pougatchiov. L’histoire des traductions est intimement liée avec le parcours poétique et Marina Tsvetaeva.
A study on susceptibility patterns, resistance mechanisms and cross- resistances of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a teaching hospital at Puducherry
Authors: Gurumurthy Hemalatha , Poongothai G K , Bhaskaran K 
Published: December 2021

, a gram negative bacteria causes lung and nosocomial infections, mostly infect the body after surgery or invasive techniques. There has been a increasing prevalence in drug resistant variants in the recent years. 1. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of ; 2. To assess the antibiotics used against and the cross-resistence pattern existing between them; 3. To evaluate the possible resistance mechanisms of by phenotypic techniques.Thirty six consecutive, nonduplicate isolates were collected between January to July in the year 2018 from the hospital pus samples. The isolates showed synthesis of pyocyanin and a oxidase positive reaction. Kirby bauer’s disc diffusion method (HIMEDIA). was used for assessing the sensitivity of drugs. Disk approximation test was done to check the prevalence of inducible β-lactamases. Modified Hodge test was done to assess the metallo-β-lactamase activity. Double disk synergy method had been preferred to evaluate the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) activity. The most sensitive antibiotic was found to be ciprofloxacin which is followed by amikacin and ceftazidime (p &#60; 0.05). 36% of the samples were resistant to more than one antibiotic groups. Cross-resistance was observed between the antibiotics. 53% of the samples had Inducible β-lactamases. Eighty percent of the samples which were non-resistant to ceftazidime showed positive reaction for inducible beta-lactamase. 2% isolates by DDS method showed the presence of ESBLs. The study samples did not show the presence of Metallo-β-lactamases.Strict adherence to the recent trend of “reserve drugs” concept and minimizing the misuse of antibiotics can bring down the drug resistance and morbidity. The addressal of irrational and inappropriate use of antimicrobials among the clinician is the need of the hour.
Image Classification Using Transfer Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Desai Chitra 
Published: December 2021

Deep learning models have demonstrated improved efficacy in image classification since the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge started since 2010. Classification of images has further augmented in the field of computer vision with the dawn of transfer learning. To train a model on huge dataset demands huge computational resources and add a lot of cost to learning. Transfer learning allows to reduce on cost of learning and also help avoid reinventing the wheel. There are several pretrained models like VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, Inceptionv3, EfficientNet etc which are widely used. This paper demonstrates image classification using pretrained deep neural network model VGG16 which is trained on images from ImageNet dataset. After obtaining the convolutional base model, a new deep neural network model is built on top of it for image classification based on fully connected network. This classifier will use features extracted from the convolutional base model.
Optimal Multi Zones Search Technique to Detect a Lost Target by Using K Sensors
Authors: El-Hadidy Mohamed , Abou-Gabal Hamdy , Gabr Aya 
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the discrete search technique on multi zones to detect a lost target by using sensors. The search region is divided into zones. These zones contain an equal number of states (cells) not necessarily identical. Each zone has a one sensor to detect the target. The target moves over the cells according to a random process. We consider the searching effort as a random variable with a known probability distribution. The detection function with the discounted reward function in a certain state and time interval are given. The optimal effort distribution that minimizes the probability of undetection is obtained after solving a discrete stochastic optimization problem. An algorithm is constructed to obtain the optimal solution as in the numerical application.
The Frequency Detection of Opportunistic Sexually Transmitted Infections among HIV-Infected Women Planning Pregnancy
Authors: Belyaeva Elena , Genich Eleva , Leshchenko Olga 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of detection of opportunistic sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma spp, Human papillomavirus) in HIV-infected women planning pregnancy.	Methods and Results: We examined 31 HIV-positive Caucasian women. They sought pregnancy planning advice at the Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems in Irkutsk during 2014-2015. The average age of the women was 30.9±4.5 years (20-39 years). A clinical diagnosis of HIV was made at Irkutsk Regional AIDS Center. All HIV-infected women were tested for the presence of DNA of pathogens of bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections in the epithelium of the cervical canal. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 1(3.2%) participant, Trichomonas vaginalis in 1(3.2%), Ureaplasma spp. in 14(45.2%), and HPV in 22(71%). Co-infection of HPV and Ureaplasma spp. was observed in 35.5% of HIV-positive women.	Conclusion: the prevention and detection of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected individuals remain a public health priority and an integral component of HIV primary care.
Neuropeptide Y and Asthma Clinical Course
Authors: Shkatova Yanina , Budnevsky Andrey , Ovsyannikov Evgeniy , Prozorova Galina , Volynkina Anna , Olysheva Irina 
Published: December 2021

Background: The spectrum of clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms of bronchial asthma (BA) is very wide. Given the complex pathogenesis and syndromic nature of BA, it is not surprising that there is no single universal biomarker. The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its association with levels of leptin, adiponectin, oxidative damage, antioxidant status, spirometry parameters, and asthma control in BA patients.	Methods and Results: Overall, 140 patients [35(25%) men and 105(75%) women; mean age of 57.0±9.34 years] with moderate asthma participated in the study. According to body mass index, all patients were divided into three groups. The asthma diagnosis was based on the integral assessment of symptoms, medical history, health status, and spirometry values according to the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. (GINA, 2017 REPORT). The Asthma Control Test (АСТ) was used to assess asthma control. NPY was measured in blood serum in EIA.	The NPY level was significantly higher in overweight patients and patients with obesity than in patients with normal body weight.	The NPY level significantly correlated with leptin (r=0.44; P<0.05), adiponectin (r=-0.24; P<0.05), ImanOx (r=-0.40; P<0.05), PerOx (r=0.58; P<0.05), ACT (r=-0.41; P<0.05), VC (r=-0.31; P<0.05), FEV1 (r=-0.41; P<0.05), FEF25% (r=-0.26; P<0.05), FVC (r=-0.23; P<0.05), Tiffno index (r=-0.36; P<0.05), FEF50% (r=-0.22; P<0.05), and PEF (r=-0.23; P<0.05)	Conclusion: The severity of the asthma clinical course is associated with different factors, including oxidative stress, levels of leptin, adiponectin and NPY. NPY seems to be associated with worse asthma control and higher levels of leptin and oxidative damage.
Socio-Demographic Factors and Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women with High Risk of Vertical Transmission of the Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Vanyarkina Anastasiya , Petrova Alla , Rychkova Lyubov , Moskaleva Ekaterina , Novikova Evgeniya 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the features of the course of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in HIV-positive women with a high risk of HIV vertical transmission.	Methods and Results: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of mother-child pairs for the period from 2017 to 2019 was conducted in the Irkutsk City Perinatal Center (level III). The clinical observation group included HIV-positive women (n=213) and their newborn children with a high risk of perinatal immunodeficiency virus transmission (n=214). The findings of the conducted study demonstrated that most HIV-seropositive women with a high risk of HIV vertical transmission had an aggravated social history, a high prevalence of pelvic inflammatory diseases, and a high incidence of opportunistic and AIDS-defining conditions. Evaluation of PMTCT preventive complex showed that the target parameters in women with a high risk of HIV transmission were not reached: the first stage was performed for 49.3% of pregnant women with good ART adherence, the second stage – for 97.1% of obstetric patients, the third stage – in 100% of HIV perinatally exposed children. HIV RNA was detected in 3.7% of children, which evidences their antenatal infection.	Conclusion: Development of efficient communication with HIV-positive women aimed at preservation of their health and decrease of logistic barriers to access to medical care.
Comparison of a Portable and Non-Portable Ultrasound Machine in the Evaluation of Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alsaadi Mohammed , Widdup Joanne , Aslam Mohammed , Chakravorty Subarna 
Published: December 2021

Background: Transcranial color Doppler (TCCD) ultrasound is used to identify children with sickle cell disease (SCD) at high risk of developing stroke. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that different ultrasound equipment can give different blood flow velocities. The purpose of this study was to compare two different TCCD ultrasound machines.	Methods and Results: A flow phantom was used to compare PSV measurements from a Philips IU-22 and Zonare Z-One ultrasound machine. Twenty-five children with SCD (aged between 2 and 16 years) attending the outpatient clinic at St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, as part of the NHS Sickle Cell & Thalassaemia (SC&T) screening program were studied. The two ultrasound machines compared the TAMM velocities in the middle cerebral artery and stroke risk categorization. PSV measurements using a flow phantom were underestimated by Philips IU-22 (31%) and Zonare Z-One (53%). TAMM velocities varied considerably between machines, with a poor agreement in stroke risk categorization. As a result, three children identified at increased risk of stroke by Philips IU-22 were not identified by Zonare Z-One.	Conclusion: Two ultrasound machines were found to underestimate PSV using a flow phantom. The two ultrasound machines were shown to positively correlate, and this was statistically significant. However, there was variation in the TAMM velocities recorded by the machines which resulted in the different categorization of the stroke risk of a small number of the subjects. This pilot study confirms the feasibility and clinical significance of this investigation.