bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of reproductive knowledge among young adults utilizing Amazon mechanical Turk survey
Authors: Varnum Alexandra Aponte , Velasquez David A. , Codrington Jason , Evans Aymara , Dubin Justin M. , Ramasamy Ranjith 
Published: December 2024

Background: Reproductive health technology has evolved significantly since the introduction of in vitro fertilization in 1978, enhancing the possibility of conceiving children at later stages in life. Despite these advancements, there remains a critical gap in fertility knowledge among young adults, as demonstrated by recent studies. This gap is compounded by the growing influence of social media on health information, where misinformation can distort public understanding of fertility-related issues. Addressing this knowledge deficit is essential for empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their reproductive futures. Objectives: With the increasing prevalence of older individuals becoming parents and the growing reliance on Assisted Reproductive Technologies for conception, our study aimed to assess fertility knowledge among young adults. Design: This study employed a survey-based approach using Amazon’s crowd-sourcing marketing platform, Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were asked to complete a 17-question survey that included a section on demographic information. The questionnaire explored various aspects of knowledge and perceptions regarding male and female fertility. Methods: The survey was completed by 983 participants aged 18–30, recruited through MTurk. Individuals outside this age range were excluded from the study. Participants received a $0.50 incentive for their participation. Results: Notably, a high percentage of respondents correctly identified the age range at which female fertility (70.4% of participants) declines, while fewer (56.4% of participants) demonstrated awareness of the age range at which male fertility declines. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority exhibited appropriate knowledge regarding the impact of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and smoking, on fertility. The findings suggest an encouragingly high level of awareness among participants regarding fundamental fertility concepts. Approximately 63% of participants reported social media as a source of this information. Conclusion: This study yields promising insights into fertility knowledge among young adults. However, it underscores a notable deficiency in understanding male fertility, emphasizing the imperative for further educational initiatives in this domain. These results also highlight the crucial role of healthcare providers in maintaining an online presence to disseminate valuable, evidence-based knowledge. By doing so, healthcare professionals can empower individuals to make informed decisions regarding fertility.
Biogenic synthesized CuO nanoparticles and 5-fluorouracil loaded anticancer gel for HeLa cervical cancer cells
Authors: Dutta Gouranga , Chinnaiyan Santhosh Kumar , Palaniyandi Thirunavukkarasu , Sugumaran Abimanyu , Narayanasamy Damodharan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCervical cancer remains a significant health challenge in developing countries are high due to low HPV vaccination rates, delayed diagnosis, and restricted healthcare access. Metal nanomaterials, such as copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs), have shown significant promise in cancer therapy due to their ability to induce apoptosis. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) enhances the cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer, working synergistically with CuO NPs to maximize the therapeutic impact while potentially reducing the 5-Fu's systemic side effects. This study explores the synergistic therapeutic potential of green-synthesized CuO NPs combined with 5-Fu in a gel formulation for targeted anticancer activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. CuO NPs were synthesized using Trichosanthes dioica dried seeds extract and incorporated into a pectin-xanthan gum-based gel. The green-synthesized CuO NPs exhibited a zeta potential of −23.7 mV, a particle size of approximately 26 nm, and spherical morphology. Characterization studies, including FTIR, viscosity, spreadability, pH, and stability assessments, confirmed the gel's suitability for vaginal delivery. In-vitro drug release showed xanthan gum extended the release up to 8 h. The MTT assay revealed PXFCu6 gel's IC50 at 11.82 ± 0.22 μg/mL, significantly more cytotoxic to HeLa cells, being 3.62 times potent than CuO NPs (IC50: 42.8 ± 0.24 μg/mL) and 1.63 times potent than 5-Fu alone (IC50: 19.3 ± 0.49 μg/mL). The antibacterial assay showed no inhibition for the plain gel, but T. dioica-mediated CuO NPs exhibited inhibition of 22.35 ± 4.9 mm. PXFCu6 gel had the more potent inhibition at 52.05 ± 1.37 mm against Escherichia coli growth. The PXFCu6 gel showed better stability at 4 °C, maintaining viscosity, pH, and drug release, unlike 25 °C where a mild degradation occurred. This research highlights the potential of the CuO NPs-5-Fu gel as a novel, effective therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer treatment.
Graphical abstract
A rare case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis in pediatric age group
Authors: Jain Tanya , Muralidhar Alankrita , Gandhi Arpan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
We report a unique case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis.

Case presentation
A 10-year-old male presented with redness and loss of vision in his right eye for two weeks. Clinical examination and ultrasound features were suggestive of endophthalmitis, most likely endogenous due to the absence of a history of trauma or intraocular intervention. Following vitrectomy and appropriate intravitreal antibiotics, the vision improved to 20/80. Vitreous culture revealed a gram-negative bacillus Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Conclusion
Timely recognition of this pathogen and management as per antibiotic sensitivity can help salvage functional vision in this condition.
LCRAnnotationsDB: a database of low complexity regions functional and structural annotations
Authors: Ziemska-Legiecka Joanna , Jarnot Patryk , Szymańska Sylwia , Błaszczyk Dagmara , Staśczak Alicja , Langer-Macioł Hanna , Lucińska Kinga , Widzisz Karolina , Janas Aleksandra , Słowik Hanna , Śliwińska Wiktoria , Gruca Aleksandra , Grynberg Marcin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLow Complexity Regions (LCRs) are segments of proteins with a low diversity of amino acid composition. These regions play important roles in proteins. However, annotations describing these functions are dispersed across databases and scientific literature. LCRAnnotationsDB aims to consolidate knowledge about LCRs and store relevant annotations in a single place. To unify redundant annotations, we assigned them categories based on similarity in function, protein structure, and biological process. Categories are organized hierarchically by linking them to Gene Ontology terms. The LCRAnnotationsDB database can be accessed at https://lcrannotdb.lcr-lab.org/.
The necessity of validity diagnostics when drawing causal inferences from observational data: lessons from a multi-database evaluation of the risk of non-infectious uveitis among patients exposed to Remicade®
Authors: Weaver James , Voss Erica A. , Cafri Guy , Beyrau Kathleen , Nashleanas Michelle , Suruki Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Autoimmune disorders have primary manifestations such as joint pain and bowel inflammation but can also have secondary manifestations such as non-infectious uveitis (NIU). A regulatory health authority raised concerns after receiving spontaneous reports for NIU following exposure to Remicade®, a biologic therapy with multiple indications for which alternative therapies are available. In assessment of this clinical question, we applied validity diagnostics to support observational data causal inferences.

Methods
We assessed the risk of NIU among patients exposed to Remicade® compared to alternative biologics. Five databases, four study populations, and four analysis methodologies were used to estimate 80 potential treatment effects, with 20 pre-specified as primary. The study populations included inflammatory bowel conditions Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic conditions plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsO/PsA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted four analysis strategies intended to address limitations of causal estimation using observational data and applied four diagnostics with pre-specified quantitative rules to evaluate threats to validity from observed and unobserved confounding. We also qualitatively assessed post-propensity score matching representativeness, and bias susceptibility from outcome misclassification. We fit Cox proportional-hazards models, conditioned on propensity score-matched sets, to estimate the on-treatment risk of NIU among Remicade® initiators versus alternatives. Estimates from analyses that passed four validity tests were assessed.

Results
Of the 80 total analyses and the 20 analyses pre-specified as primary, 24% and 20% passed diagnostics, respectively. Among patients with IBD, we observed no evidence of increased risk for NIU relative to other similarly indicated biologics (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–1.40). For patients with RA, we observed no increased risk relative to similarly indicated biologics, although results were imprecise (HR: 1.23, 95% CI 0.14–10.47).

Conclusions
We applied validity diagnostics on a heterogenous, observational setting to answer a specific research question. The results indicated that safety effect estimates from many analyses would be inappropriate to interpret as causal, given the data available and methods employed. Validity diagnostics should always be used to determine if the design and analysis are of sufficient quality to support causal inferences. The clinical implications of our findings on IBD suggests that, if an increased risk exists, it is unlikely to be greater than 40% given the 1.40 upper bound of the pooled HR confidence interval.
Cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: protocol for the Danish CPCog-Youth study
Authors: Uhre Camilla Funch , Caspersen Ida Dyhr , Lose Carsten , Rackauskaite Gija , Robotham Ro , Hoei-Hansen Christina E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Many children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) experience cognitive difficulties, impacting their academic, social, and emotional well-being. A Danish study from 2023 revealed that merely 40% of individuals with CP complete their elementary school education, and previous neuropsychological studies have found that most children and adolescents with CP experience cognitive difficulties. Yet, cognitive functioning is often assumed rather than assessed, and CP follow-up programs focus predominantly on physical functioning. Recognizing this gap, we aim to investigate cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with CP in mainstream schools in Denmark, using standardized neuropsychological tests. Our objective is to provide valuable insights to guide clinical practice on cognitive assessment and intervention, ultimately fostering a more effective support system for individuals with CP.

Methods
The study employs a cross-sectional design, involving 100 children and adolescents with CP aged 11–15 years attending mainstream schools in Denmark. Cognitive assessment includes the core battery from a proposed Nordic test protocol for children and adolescents with CP – the CPCog – encompassing general cognitive functioning (intelligence), executive functions, and visuo-motor skills. Supplementary tests cover verbal and nonverbal short-term memory, attention, fatigue, and mental health. The assessment protocol will also be evaluated by parents of participating children and adolescents with CP. The project is conducted collaboratively by the neuropsychological teams at three assessment sites, in conjunction with the Center for Cerebral Palsy, Rigshospitalet, Aarhus University Hospital, and Aalborg University Hospital. The study benefits from an external advisory board comprising leading international CP experts.

Discussion
Cognitive difficulties in children and adolescents with CP are often overlooked. Few cognitive studies exist, with some providing only estimated cognitive functioning. The CPCog-Youth study will help advance our understanding of the cognitive challenges experienced by children and adolescents attending mainstream schools. The findings will contribute to the development of targeted cognitive assessment and intervention programs for individuals with CP, addressing this commonly neglected aspect of care. By also seeking feedback from participating families and the involved neuropsychologists, we aim to investigate whether the proposed cognitive assessment is feasible and beneficial in real-world settings.

Trial registration
The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on June 27, 2023 (ID: NCT05921422).
Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birhanu Molla Yigzaw , Bekele Getamesay Molla , Endalew Bekalu , Alemu Simegn , Lashargie Cheru Tesema , Birhanu Dereje Ayalew , Mulualem Assefa , Jemberie Selamawit Shita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The emergence of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens fails; it necessitates the use of more costly and less tolerable second-line medications. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and address factors that increase the likelihood of first-line ART regimen failure in children. Although numerous primary studies have examined the incidence of first-line ART failure among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia, national-level data on the onset and predictors remain inconsistent. Hence, this study was conducted to fill the gaps in determining the onset of first-line ART failure and its predictors among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia.

Methods
Articles related to our topic of interest were searched using a systematic approach in national and international electronic databases. The retrospective follow-up cohort studies published in English up to 2022 were included. The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spread sheet and exported into Stata™ Version 17.0 for further management and analysis. The level of heterogeneity was quantified using I2 test together with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The incidence of the primary estimates was estimated using a random effects model in the Dersimonian-Lairedmethod. Subgroup analysis, Meta regression, and sensitivity analysis were computed to identify the source of heterogeneity but not explained. The predictors of first-line ART failure were explained using relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Ten studies having a total of 5446 children were included. The pooled onset of first-line ART failure was 3.18 (95% CI: 1.91, 4.44) per 100 child-years of observations. Those study participants who began ART at an advanced WHO clinical stage at ART initiation had a 3.05 (95% CI: 1.47, 6.36), having poor ART adherence had a 2.19 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.70), and having TB-HIV coinfection at ART initiation had a 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.94) times higher chance of experiencing first-line ART failure than their corresponding counterparts.

Conclusion
The onset of first-line ART failure was high to achieve the 2030 UNAIDS target of ending the AIDS epidemic. Advanced WHO clinical stage, poor first-line ART adherence, and having TB-HIV coinfection were identified predictors. Hence, community HIV screening should continue to strengthen early ART initiation, and the attention of ART adherence should be kept to achieve ending the AIDS epidemic. The baseline tests and diagnosis, like TB diagnosis should be maintained for HIV-infected children while they begin ART.
Particular vulnerability of patients with borderline personality disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic – a retrospective chart review
Authors: Kippe Yann David , Gutwinski Stefan , Adam Maia , Finck Anna , Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Goldschmidt Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been a major research focus since its beginning. A specific vulnerability of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) following social distancing measures has been reported, however there is a lack of adequately sized studies that provide evidence of this vulnerability. Suicide attempts may reflect mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in psychiatric settings.

Methods
Retrospective follow-up analysis of clinical documentation in a psychiatric emergency department (pED) of a major academic psychiatric hospital in Berlin, Germany. Observation periods include the first- (3/2/2020–5/24/2020) and second-wave (9/15/2020–3/1/2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and respective periods one year earlier as control-periods. Poisson-regression was used for statistical modelling of individual counts of pED presentations after a suicide attempt.

Results
N = 4110 patients attended the pED during the four observation periods. BPD patients were associated with elevated risk of pED presentation after a suicide attempt during COVID-periods (RR = 3.4; p = .014). Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders showed lower risk of pED presentation after a suicide attempt during COVID-periods (RR = 0.4; p = .048). Other diagnostic groups did not show significant interaction effects with COVID-periods. The first-wave was a risk factor for pED presentation after a suicide attempt affecting the sample across all diagnostic groups (RR = 3.1; p = .006).

Conclusions
BPD patients seem to be particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic showing increased rates of suicide attempts during both COVID-periods. This should be addressed in future health crises by ensuring availability of psychosocial help. There is a need for further research regarding BPD patients in public health crisis situations.
Reusing routine electronic health record data for nationwide COVID-19 surveillance in nursing homes: barriers, facilitators, and lessons learned
Authors: Wieland-Jorna Y , Verheij RA , Francke AL , Coppen R , de Greeff SC , Elffers A , Oosterveld-Vlug MG 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, little was known about the spread of COVID-19 in Dutch nursing homes while older people were particularly at risk of severe symptoms. Therefore, attempts were made to develop a nationwide COVID-19 repository based on routinely recorded data in the electronic health records (EHRs) of nursing home residents. This study aims to describe the facilitators and barriers encountered during the development of the repository and the lessons learned regarding the reuse of EHR data for surveillance and research purposes.

Methods
Using inductive content analysis, we reviewed 325 documents written and saved during the development of the COVID-19 repository. This included meeting minutes, e-mails, notes made after phone calls with stakeholders, and documents developed to inform stakeholders. We also assessed the fitness for purpose of the data by evaluating the completeness, plausibility, conformity, and timeliness of the data.

Results
Key facilitators found in this study were: 1) inter-organizational collaboration to create support; 2) early and close involvement of EHR software vendors; and 3) coordination and communication between partners. Key barriers that hampered the fitness of EHR data for surveillance were: 1) changes over time in national SARS-CoV-2 testing policy; 2) differences between EHR systems; 3) increased workload in nursing homes and lack of perceived urgency; 4) uncertainty regarding the legal requirements for extracting EHR data; 5) the short notice at which complete and understandable information about the repository had to be developed; and 6) lack of clarity about the differences between various COVID-19 monitors.

Conclusions
Despite the urgent need for information on the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 among nursing home residents, setting up a repository based on EHR data proved challenging. The facilitators and barriers found in this study affected the extent to which the data could be used. We formulated nine lessons learned for developing future repositories based on EHR data for surveillance and research purposes. These lessons were in three main areas: legal framework, contextual circumstances, and quality of the data. Currently, these lessons are being applied in setting up a new registry in the nursing home sector.
Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: You Yajie , Ni Ying meng , Shi Guochao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a promising tool in clinical practice due to its unbiased approach to pathogen detection. Its diagnostic performance in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), however, remains to be fully evaluated.

Objective
This study aims to systematically review and Meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS in patients with PTB.

Methods
We conducted a literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases, including studies published up to 2024. Studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of mNGS with other methods such as Xpert-MTB/RIF and Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) culture using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), sputum, and lung biopsy tissue were included. Preclinical studies, review articles, editorials, conference abstracts, and book chapters were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using Rev-man5, R package metabias, and Stata software.

Results
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mNGS for PTB were 83% (95% CI: 69–91%) and 99% (95% CI: 92–100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that in BALF, mNGS demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 73% (95% CI: 61–82%) and specificity of 98% (95% CI: 92–100%); in the sputum, the pooled sensitivity was 60% (95% CI: 38–87%) with a specificity of 99% (95% CI: 96–100%); and in the lung biopsy tissue, the pooled sensitivity was 71% (95% CI: 38–95%) and the specificity was 98% (95% CI: 93–100%).
For Xpert-MTB/RIF, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 72% (95% CI: 53–85%) and 100% (95%CI: 100–100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that in BALF, Xpert-MTB/RIF exhibited a pooled sensitivity of 69% (95% CI: 53–81%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 77–100%).
The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mycobacteria culture were 50% (95% CI: 36–64%) and 100% (95% CI: 83–100%), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that in BALF, the pooled sensitivity of mycobacteria culture was 44% (95% CI: 37–52%) with a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 8–100%); in the sputum, the pooled sensitivity was 42% (95% CI: 21–65%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 100–100%).
When combining mNGS with Xpert-MTB/RIF, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI: 40–97%) and 98% (95% CI: 95–100%), respectively.

Conclusion
mNGS demonstrates similar diagnostic accuracy to Xpert-MTB/RIF in PTB and outperforms mycobacteria culture in terms of sensitivity. Furthermore, mNGS exhibits good detection capabilities across various PTB clinical samples.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42023427586.