bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Innovative Medical Technologies In German Inpatient Care: Does Evidence Matter?
Authors: Eckhardt Helene , Felgner Susanne , Dreger Marie , Fuchs Sabine , Ermann Hanna , Lantzsch Hendrikje , Rombey Tanja , Busse Reinhard , Henschke Cornelia , Panteli Dimitra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The reimbursement of new technologies in inpatient care is not always linked to a requirement for evidence-based evaluation of patient benefit. In Germany, every new technology approved for market was until recently reimbursable unless explicitly excluded. It was therefore unclear whether the implementation of innovative technologies is guided by scientific evidence. This work aimed to explore the relationship between clinical evidence and utilization for 25 selected technologies in German inpatient care.Methods: Different methods were applied. A systematic search for evidence published between 2003 and 2017 was conducted in four bibliographic databases; clinical trial registries; resources for clinical guidelines; and health technology assessment - databases. Information was also collected on funding mechanisms and safety notices. Utilization was measured by hospital cases captured in claims data. The body of evidence, funding and safety notices per technology were analysed descriptively. The relationship between utilization and evidence was explored empirically using a multilevel regression analysis.Results: The number of included publications per technology ranges from two to 498. For all technologies, non-comparative studies form the bulk of the evidence. The number of randomised controlled clinical trials per technology ranges from zero to 19. Some technologies were utilized for several years without an adequate evidence base. A relationship between evidence and utilization could be shown for several but not all technologies.Conclusions: This study reveals a mixed picture regarding the evidence available for new technologies, and the relationship between the development of evidence and the use of technologies over time. Although the influence of funding and safety notices requires further investigation, these results re-emphasize the need for strengthening market approval standards and HTA pathways as well as approaches such as “coverage with evidence development”.
Evaluation of serum biomarkers and electroencephalogram to determine survival outcomes in pediatric post-cardiac arrest patients
Authors: El-Seify Magda , Shattah Mennatullah , Salaheldin Sondos , Bawady Somia , Rezk Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Cardiac arrest causes primary and secondary brain injuries. We aimed to evaluate the association between neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serum S-100B (S100B), electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and post-cardiac arrest outcomes, including arrest duration and survival, in pediatric patients.
Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and included 41 post-cardiac arrest patients with different etiologies who underwent EEG and serum sampling for NSE and S100B. The participants were aged 1 month to 18 years who experienced cardiac arrest and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation after a sustained return of spontaneous circulation for ≥48 hours. We excluded immunocompromised patients, those with neurological diseases, hematological malignancies or solid tumors, or a history of head trauma.
Results

Approximately 19.5% (n=8) of patients survived until hospital discharge. Convulsions and sepsis—observed in 21.9% (n=9) and 82.9% (n=34) of patients, respectively—were significantly associated with higher mortality (relative risk: 1.33 [95% CI=1.09–1.6] and 1.99 [95% CI=0.8–4.7], respectively). Serum NSE and S100B levels were not statistically associated with outcome (P=0.278 and 0.693, respectively). NSE levels were positively correlated with arrest duration. EEG patterns were significantly associated with outcome (P=0.01). Non-epileptogenic EEG activity was associated with the highest survival rate. No patient with burst suppression survived.
Conclusion

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome is a serious condition with a high mortality rate. Management of sepsis and convulsions affects prognosis. NSE and S100B have no benefit in survival evaluation. EEG is recommended for all post-cardiac arrest patients.
NcRNAs-mediated High Expression of TIMM8A Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Act as an Oncogene in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhonglin , Li Shuqin , Xu Feng , Fu Jingyue , Sun Jie , Gan Xinli , Yang Chuang , Mao ZhongQi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is notorious for its increasing incidence for decades. Ascending evidence has demonstrated that translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane (TIMM) proteins play vital roles in progression of several types of human cancer. However, the biological behaviors and molecular mechanisms of TIMM8A in breast cancer remain not fully illustrated.Methods: Pan-cancer analysis was firstly performed for TIMM8A’s expression and prognosis by Oncomine database. Subsequently, TIMM8A-related noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified by a series of bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assay, including expression analysis, correlation analysis, and survival analysis. Moreover, the effect of TIMM8A on breast cancer proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated in vitro by CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and Western blot assays and the in vivo effect was revealed through a patient-derived xenograft mouse model.Results: We found that TIMM8A showed higher expression level in breast cancer and the higher TIMM8A mRNA expression group had a poorer prognosis than the lower TIMM8A group. hsa-circ-0107314/hsa-circ-0021867/hsa-circ-0122013 might be the three most potential upstream circRNAs of hsa-miR-34c-5p/hsa-miR-449a-TIMM8A axis in breast cancer. TIMM8A promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.Conclusion: Our results confirmed that ncRNAs-mediated upregulation of TIMM8A correlated with poor prognosis and act as an oncogene in breast cancer.
3D Hanging Spheroid Plate for High-Throughput CAR T Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Authors: Chen Zhenzhong , Han Seokgyu , Sanny Arleen , Chan Dorothy Leung-Kwan , Noort Danny van , Lim Wanyoung , Tan Andy Hee-Meng , Park Sungsu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Most high-throughput screening (HTS) systems for the cytotoxic effect of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells on tumor cells rely on two-dimensional cell culture that does not suitably recapitulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor spheroids can recapitulate TME and have been used for cytotoxicity assays of CAR T cells. However, a major obstacle to the use of tumor spheroids for cytotoxicity assays is the difficulty in separating unbound CAR T and dead tumor cells from spheroids. Here, we present a three-dimensional hanging spheroid plate (3DHSP), which facilitates the formation of spheroids and the separation of unbound and dead cells from spheroids during cytotoxicity assays.
Results
The 3DHSP is a 24-well plate, with each well composed of a hanging dripper, spheroid wells, and waste wells. In the dripper, a tumor spheroid was formed and mixed with CAR T cells. In 3DHSP, droplets containing the spheroids were deposited into the spheroid separation well, where unbound and dead T and tumor cells were separated from the spheroid through a gap into the waste well by tilting the 3DHSP by more than 20°. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumor cells (BT474 and SKOV3) formed spheroids of approximately 300–350 mm in diameter after 2 d in the 3DHSP. The cytotoxic effects of T cells engineered to express CAR recognizing HER2 (HER2-CAR T cells) on these spheroids were directly measured by optical imaging, without the use of live and dead fluorescent staining of the cells. Our results suggest that the 3DHSP could be incorporated into an HTS system to screen for CARs that enable T cells to kill spheroids formed from a specific tumor type with high efficacy or for spheroids consisting of tumor types that can be killed efficiently by T cells bearing a specific CAR.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the 3DHSP could be incorporated into an HTS system for the cytotoxic effects of CAR T cells on tumor spheroids.
The Effects of Vit E and Vit C Use on Ovarian Surface Epithelium and Follicle Reserve in Autologous Intraperitoneal Ovarian Transplantation in Rats: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sapmaz Tansel , Kale Ebru , Pence Halime Hanim , Sevgin Kubra , Tekayev Muhammetnur , Topkaraoglu Sude , Basol Gulfem , Yilmaz Muserref Banu , Sapmaz Ekrem , Irkorucu Oktay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E (Vit E) and vitamin C (Vit C) on oxidant-antioxidant system markers, ovarian follicle reserves, and surface epithelium in autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation in rats.Materials and Methods: 20 adult female Wistar Albino were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n = 5), the control group, only had their abdomens opened and closed. Group 2 (n = 5): underwent an ovarian transplantation. Group 3 (n = 5) received 20 mg/kg of intraperitoneal (IP) Vit E 15 minutes before an ovarian transplantation. Group 4 (n = 5) received 50 mg/kg of IP Vit C that was administered 15 minutes before an ovarian transplantation.Vaginal cytology was performed to monitor the oestrus phase. Biochemically, tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured. Histopathologically, the number dysplastic changes in the ovarian surface epithelium were examined. Results: Dysplastic changes in the surface epithelium of Group 2 were found to be significantly higher than in Group 1 and 4 (p < 0.02). In Group 2, the ovarian follicle reserves were significantly lower than in other groups (p < 0.02). In addition, a significant decrease in SOD levels was found in Group 2 compared to other groups (p < 0.02). Conclusion: The study showed that Vit E and Vit C in autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation preserved the ovarian follicle reserve. Vit C was found to be more effective than Vit E.
Tracking genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ghana after one year of surveillance
Authors: Morang'a Collins , Ngoi Joyce , Gyamfi Jones , Amuzu Dominic , Nuertey Benjamin , Soglo Philip , Appiah Vincent , Asante Ivy , Owusu-Oduro Paul , Armoo Samuel , Adu-Gyasi Dennis , Amoako Nicholas , Oliver-Commey Joseph , Owusu Michael , Sylverken Augustina , Fenteng Edward , M'cormack Violette , Tei-Maya Frederick , Quansah Evelyn , Ayivor-Djanie Reuben , Amoako Enock , Ogbe Isaac , Yemi Bright , Osei-Wusu Israel , Mettle Deborah , Saiid Samirah , Tapela Kesego , Dzabeng Francis , Magnussen Vanessa , Quaye Jerry , Opurum Precious , Carr Rosina , Ababio Patrick , Abass Abdul-Karim , Akoriyea Samuel , Amoako Emmanuella , Kumi-Ansah Frederick , Boakye Oliver , Mibut Dam , Odoom Theophilus , Ofori-Boadu Lawrence , Allegye-Cudjoe Emmanuel , Dassah Sylvester , Asoala Victor , Asante Kwaku Poku , Phillips Richard , Osei-Atweneboana Mike , Gyapong John , Kuma-Aboagye Patrick , Ampofo William , Duedu Kwabena , Ndam Nicaise , Bediako Yaw , Quashie Peter , Amenga-Etego Lucas , Awandare Gordon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study sequenced 1077 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patient isolates (106 from arriving travellers and 971 from communities) to track the molecular evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Ghana. The data show that initial local transmission was dominated by B.1.1 lineages, but the second wave in Ghana was overwhelmingly driven by the Alpha variant, which was detected in community cases from January 2021, with Eta also contributing to reported cases. Subsequently, an unheralded variant under monitoring, B.1.1.318, dominated transmission from April to June 2021 before being displaced by Delta (B.1.1.617) and Delta Plus (AY.*) variants, which were introduced into community transmission in May 2021 and have remained dominant to date. Mutational analysis indicated that variants that took hold in Ghana harboured transmission enhancing and immune escape spike substitutions. The apparent rapid viral evolution observed demonstrate the potential for emergence of novel variants with greater mutational fitness.
Pan-Cancer Analyses of Pyroptosis With Functional Implications in Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Cancer
Authors: Liu Aibin , Shen Lin , Li Na , Shen Liangfang , Li Zhanzhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Programmed cell death is an active and orderly form of cell death regulated by intracellular genes, which plays an important role in the normal occurrence and development of the immune system, and pyroptosis has been found to be involved in the tumorigenesis and development. However, compressive analysis and biological regulation about pyroptosis genes are lack in cancers.
Methods
Using the data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas, we established a score level model to quantify the pyroptosis level of cancer. Multi-omics bioinformatical analyses was performed to detect pyroptosis-related molecular features and effect of pyroptosis on immunotherapy in cancer.
Results
In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis and its regulator genes in cancers. Most pyroptosis genes were aberrantly expressed among different cancer types, which is contributed by the CAN frequency and differences of DNA methylation level in cancer. We established the modeling of the pyroptosis level and found that pyroptosis showed dual roles across cancers, while the pyroptosis levels were different in multiple and be significantly associated with clinical prognosis. The dual role of pyroptosis also affect the effects of immunotherapy in several cancers. Multiple pyroptosis genes showed close connections with drug sensitivity across cancers, and may be considered as therapy targets in cancer.
Conclusions
Our comprehensive analyses provide new insight into the functions of pyroptosis in the initiation, development, and progression and treatment across cancers, suggesting corresponding prognostic and therapeutic utility.
Photocatalytic Defluoroalkylation and Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethyls using o-Phosphinophenolate
Authors: Liu Can , Shen Ni , Shang Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Under visible light irradiation, o-phosphinophenolate functions as an easily accessible photoredox catalyst to activate trifluoromethyl groups in trifluoroacetamides, trifluoroacetates, and trifluoromethyl (hetero)arenes to deliver corresponding difluoromethyl radicals. It works in relay with a thiol hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst to enable selective defluoroalkylation and hydrodefluorination. The reaction allows for the facile synthesis of a broad scope of difluoromethylene-incorporated carbonyl and (hetero)aromatic compounds, which are valuable fluorinated intermediates of interest in the pharmaceutical industry. The ortho-diphenylphosphino substituent, which is believed to facilitate photoinduced electron transfer, plays an essential role in the redox reactivity of phenolate. In addition to trifluoromethyl groups, pentafluoroethyl groups could also be selectively defluoroalkylated.
A Method for Quantifying the Role of Carbonate Acid, Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid in Carbonate Weathering After Modifying the Effect of Evaporite in Qingjiang Karst Catchment
Authors: He Xinhui , Zhou Hong , Wan Junwei , Zhao Heng , He Shiyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Qingjiang river is the second largest tributary of the Yangtze River in Hubei province, it’s also a typical karst catchment. Eighty-two important groundwater samples were collected during high and low water period of 2019. The results show that: (1) The major hydrochemistry types are Ca+Mg-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3, indicate that carbonate weathering is the main source of groundwater chemistry; (2) The results of inverse hydrochemical modeling show that there are two kinds of groundwater-carbonate rock interactions. One is co-dissolution of calcite and dolomite, the other is dedolomitization, and thereinto, dedolomitization is widespread in dolomite aquifers. Furthermore, gypsum has a tendency to dissolve in each aquifer, and the common ion effect of Ca2+ caused by gypsum dissolution promotes dedolomitization. The modeling results suggest that major elements have a good traceability effect on the material source of groundwater. (3) The chemical weathering of carbonate rock is mainly affected by carbonic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. After modifying the impact of evaporite and atmospheric input, the calculations show that the contribution of carbonic acid involved in carbonate weathering is 70.9% (high water period) and 70.0% (low water period). Through statistics of karst springs discharge and contribution of acid involved in carbonate weathering, the two are in a positive relationship. The result can reflect the laws of sulfuric acid and nitric acid under the hydrodynamic condition in different seasons. Therefore, the carbonate weathering should be carefully evaluated in karst areas which have abundant groundwater and the role of groundwater in carbonate weathering is worthy of further study.
Evaluation of the Performance of CFSR Reanalysis Data Set for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in Turkey
Authors: IRVEM AHMET , OZBULDU Mustafa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Evapotranspiration is an important parameter for hydrological, meteorological and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is typically calculated using meteorological data to calculate actual evapotranspiration. However, it is very difficult to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in, rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the availability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations in the computation of potential annual and seasonal evapotranspiration. The PET calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for the period 1987-2017 were compared to data observed at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of the assessments, it was determined that the seasons in which the CFSR reanalysis data set had the best prediction performance were the winter (C'= 0.76 and PBias = -3.77) and the autumn (C' = 0.75 and PBias = -12.10). The worst performance was observed for the summer season. The performance of the annual prediction was determined as C'= 0.60 and PBias = -15.27. These findings indicate that the results of the PET calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used especially in the summer models.
Acanthamoeba species isolated from marine water in Malaysia exhibit distinct genotypes and variable physiological properties
Authors: Mohd Hussain Rosnani Hanim , Abdul Ghani Mohamed Kamel , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah , Anuar Tengku Shahrul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study identifies the Acanthamoeba genotypes and their pathogenic potential in five marine waters in Malaysia. Fifty water samples were collected between January and May 2019. Physical parameters of water quality were measured in situ, whereas chemical and microbiological analyses were conducted in the laboratory. All samples had undergone filtration using nitrocellulose membrane and were tested for Acanthamoeba using cultivation and polymerase chain reaction by targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The pathogenic potential of all positive isolates was identified using physiological tolerance tests. Thirty-six (72.0%) samples were positive for Acanthamoeba. Total coliforms (p = 0.013) and pH level (p = 0.023) displayed significant correlation with Acanthamoeba presence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 27 samples belonged to genotype T4, four (T11), two (T18) and one from each genotype T5, T15 and T20. Thermo- and osmo-tolerance tests signified that three (8.3%) Acanthamoeba strains displayed highly pathogenic attributes. This study is the first investigation in Malaysia describing Acanthamoeba detection in marine water with molecular techniques and genotyping. The study outcomes revealed that the marine water in Malaysia could be an integral source of Acanthamoeba strains potentially pathogenic in humans. Thus, the potential risk of this water should be monitored routinely in each region.
Comprehensive evaluation of the water environment carrying capacity of a river basin: a case study of the Weihe River Basin in China
Authors: Yan Buqing , Wang Yiqi , Li Guoping , Ding Xiaohui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
By combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and system dynamics (SD) models, a compound index system is established for simulating and evaluating the water environment carrying capacity (WECC) of the Weihe River Basin. The development tendencies of the population, economy, water resource demand and supply, water environment, water pollution, and water management were obtained from 2005 to 2040 by applying the five scenarios designed in this study. The results indicate that the comprehensive solution scenario was the optimal scenario, and the WECC would upgrade from a ‘general’ status to a ‘good’ status. Moreover, the blind pursuit of rapid economic growth is inadvisable, and it will compromise the sustainability of the river basin area. The river basin area should divert local development modes toward increased sustainability, emphasizing the coordinated development of society, the economy, and the environment.
Análise teórica dos conceitos: Riscos Socioambientais, Vulnerabilidade e Suscetibilidade
Authors: Girão Ítalo Renan Ferreira , Rabelo Davi Rodrigues , Zanella Maria Elisa 
Published: November 2021

Considerando o conceito de risco e partindo da forma como o homem se organiza e ocupa o espaço, entende-se que a situação de vulnerabilidade e a suscetibilidade estão postas nas diversas realidades, sendo que as características naturais e as condições sociais e econômicas constituem-se elementos variáveis que influenciam na maior ou menor condição dos mesmos. Para realização da determinação dos riscos socioambientais, consolida-se como fundamental a revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos, que, por sua vez, tiveram seu entendimento resignificado nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho propõe-se apresentar a revisão conceitual dos termos expostos no título, a fim de possibilitar um material que sirva como base para o avanço de programas e projetos associados à prevenção de desastres. Dessa forma, os resultados apontam um avanço no estudo de fontes bibliográficas sobre a temática em questão.

Palavras-chave: Revisão conceitual; Desastres; Sociedade e meio ambiente.