bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Myelin Content of the Human Precentral Hand Knob Reflects Interindividual Differences in Manual Motor Control at the Physiological and Behavioral Level
Authors: Dubbioso Raffaele , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Thielscher Axel , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: March 2021

The primary motor cortex hand area (M1HAND) and adjacent dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) form the so-called motor hand knob in the precentral gyrus. M1HANDand PMd are critical for dexterous hand use and are densely interconnected via corticocortical axons, lacking a sharp demarcating border. In 24 young right-handed volunteers, we performed multimodal mapping to delineate the relationship between structure and function in the right motor hand knob. Quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 tesla yielded regional R1 maps as a proxy of cortical myelin content. Participants also underwent functional MRI (fMRI). We mapped task-related activation and temporal precision, while they performed a visuomotor synchronization task requiring visually cued abduction movements with the left index or little finger. We also performed sulcus-aligned transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor hand knob to localize the optimal site (hotspot) for evoking a motor evoked potential (MEP) in two intrinsic hand muscles. Individual motor hotspot locations varied along the rostrocaudal axis. The more rostral the motor hotspot location in the precentral crown, the longer were corticomotor MEP latencies. “Hotspot rostrality” was associated with the regional myelin content in the precentral hand knob. Cortical myelin content also correlated positively with task-related activation of the precentral crown and temporal precision during the visuomotor synchronization task. Together, our results suggest a link among cortical myelination, the spatial cortical representation, and temporal precision of finger movements. We hypothesize that the myelination of cortical axons facilitates neuronal integration in PMd and M1HANDand, hereby, promotes the precise timing of movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we used magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precentral motor hand knob to test for a link among cortical myelin content, functional corticomotor representations, and manual motor control. A higher myelin content of the precentral motor hand knob was associated with more rostral corticomotor presentations, with stronger task-related activation and a higher precision of movement timing during a visuomotor synchronization task. We propose that a high precentral myelin content enables fast and precise neuronal integration in M1 (primary motor cortex) and dorsal premotor cortex, resulting in higher temporal precision during dexterous hand use. Our results identify the degree of myelination as an important structural feature of the neocortex that is tightly linked to the function and behavior supported by the cortical area.
Abdominal and pelvic vascular trauma in Queensland, Australia: institutional experience at a level one trauma centre
Authors: Bowles Madison , Weller Justin 
Published: March 2021

Background: Abdominal and pelvic vascular injuries are amongst the most lethal injuries sustained by trauma patients. Unlike internationally, the epidemiology is not well documented in Australia. Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) is a level one trauma centre in Queensland, Australia. This study aims to identify the epidemiological patterns of abdominal and pelvic vascular traumatic injuries, their interventions and outcomes, and compare these with national and international data. Methods: All individuals who presented to GCUH between January 2014 and December 2019 with abdominal or pelvic vascular injuries were retrieved from the GCUH prospective trauma database. A descriptive analysis was undertaken on this cohort. Results: The study reviewed 5452 trauma admissions to GCUH, of which 68 patients sustained abdominal or pelvic vascular injuries. The number of blunt and penetrating trauma cases were 53 (77.9%) and 15 (22.1%) respectively, and 51 (75%) of the patients were male. Interventions were required in 57 patients (83.8%). Of these interventions, 28 were open (41.2%), 27 were endovascular (39.7%) and 2 required both open and endovascular interventions (2.9%). The most commonly injured vessels were the visceral arteries (51.9%) and iliac arteries (22.7%). The mortality rate was 8.8% which were all as a result of blunt trauma. Conclusions: Abdominal and pelvic vascular trauma causes significant injuries with a higher mortality than general trauma. Given the majority of cases occurred secondary to road accidents, motor vehicle safety interventions and prevention programmes are likely to have the greatest effect on reducing the abdominal and pelvic vascular injury rate in Australia.
Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa PGMI STAI Darul Ulum Kandangan dalam Merancang RPP Tematik
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah STAI Darul Ulum Kandangan dalam merancang RPP Tematik, dan mendeskripsikan kendala yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah STAI Darul Ulum Kandangan dalam merancang RPP Tematik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah STAI Darul Ulum Kandangan. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah semester IV yang mengikuti mata kuliah Perencanaan dan Strategi Pembelajaran sebanyak 31 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data melului dokumentasi dan wawancara. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan teknis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah STAI Darul Ulum Kandangan dalam merancang RPP Tematik pada mata kuliah Strategi dan Perencanaan Pembelajaran dikategorikan “Cukup Baik” dengan rata-rata kelas sebesar 60,9 dan kendala yang dihadapi mahasiswa selama merancang RPP Tematik diantaranya ialah perumusan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK), perumusan tujuan pembelajaran, memilih metode, media dan sumber belajar, kegiatan pembelajaran, dan penilaian.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA E O PREPARO PARA O ENSINO PRIMÁRIO
Authors: Cavalcante de Lima Maria Eduarda , De Jesus Jaqueline Corrêa , Pampú Adriana Do Rosário , Junior Aldicione Gouveia , De Lima Rute Dubiella , Machado Wellen , Catapan Dariane Cristina 
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como intuito trazer as informações a respeito dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) que surgiu em 2015 graças ao sucesso dos objetivos de desenvolvimentos do milênio (ODM), que teve inicio em 2000, falando especificamente da meta 4.2 que se refere à qualidade do ensino na primeira infância, que é onde o individuo tem o primeiro contato escolar, e ao preparo de crianças para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e como esse preparo é feito, foram utilizados pesquisas bibliográficas, pesquisas de campo e entrevistas com professores e pedagogas de duas instituições de ensino uma publica e outra particular. Os resultados obtidos foram as divergências entre as duas instituições onde a particular executa o preparo com foco na alfabetização já a publica respeitam as leis municipais que proíbe a antecipação de conteúdo. Conclui-se que as informações obtidas a respeito da educação nos dias de hoje demonstram que a instituição particular tem um preparo precoce para a pré-alfabetização, já a instituição publica respeitando normas municipais, dá assim um preparo psicológico para o individuo, notou-se que os profissionais de educação em sua maioria não tinham conhecimento sobre os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), em relação à educação.
PENGARUH PENINGKATAN SUHU DAN BESARAN ARUS TERHADAP TAHANAN PENGHANTAR KABEL LISTRIK TEGANGAN RENDAH JENIS NYM
Authors: Kiki Rosiana Dewi  , Suyitno  , Nur Hanifah Yuninda  
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to know about influence of temperature increasing and current rate on the conductor resistance, the conductor temperature and the conductor power losses of the conductors of the cable brand A and brand B due to the effect of increasing temperature and current magnitude. Increasing the temperature and currents rate have a bigger influence on the increase of temperature conductor, the resistance conductor and conductor losses the electric cable brand B compared to the brand A. The electricity cable brand B is a conductor that does not have standardization suitable for electrical installation. The conductor of brand A electrical cable is a cable conductor that has standardization and is suitable for use. At chamber temperature of 25 ℃ the test current 5 A the value of conductor resistance 2 x 1.5 mm2 of brand A increases by 11,90 mΩ while brand B increases by 23.32 mΩ. The maximum conductor resistance according to standardization is 12,10 mΩ for a cross section area of ​​1.5 mm2. Based on the test results, each increase in temperature and the currents rate have an influence for increasing value of the conductor temperature, the conductor resistance and conductor losses are bigger. The relationship between the conductor resistance and the cross-sectional area is that the smaller the cross-sectional area, the bigger the conductor resistance.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus terhadap nilai tahanan penghantar, suhu penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar pada penghantar kabel listrik merk A dan merk B. Peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap kenaikan suhu penghantar, tahanan penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar kabel listrik merk B dibandingkan dengan merk A. Penghantar kabel merk B merupakan penghantar yang tidak memiliki standarisasi layak pakai dalam instalasi listrik. Penghantar kabel listrik merk A merupakan penghantar kabel yang telah memiliki standarisasi dan layak pakai. Pada suhu chamber 25 arus pengujian 5 A nilai tahanan penghantar 2 x 1,5 mm2 merk A meningkat sebesar 11,90 mΩ sedangkan merk B meningkat sebesar 23,32 mΩ. Nilai tahanan penghantar maksimal sesuai dengan standarisasi adalah sebesar 12,10 mΩ untuk luas penampang 1,5 mm2. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, setiap peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus nilai memiliki pengaruh terhadap kenaikan nilai suhu penghantar, tahanan penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar semakin besar. Hubungan antara tahanan penghantar dengan luas penampang yaitu dengan semakin kecil luas penampang maka nilai tahanan penghantar semakin besar.
KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA DI SMKN 34 JAKARTA
Authors: Agustina Intan , Suyitno  , Daryanto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between emotional intelligence and learn motivaton by theirself and in group with result of learn with a sample of 60 people using the expost facto research method. Research data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis of the data obtained by the correlation coefficient ryx1computed = 0.703; ryx2computed = 0.676; rx1x2computed = 0.875; ryx1x2 = 0.714. The conclusion of this study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the emotional intelligence and learn motivation with result of learn.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan motivasi belajar baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun bersama-sama dengan hasil belajar mata pelajaran Dasar Listrik dan Elektronika dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang menggunakan metode penelitian expost facto. Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan statistika deskriptif dan inferensial. Dari analisis data diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi ryx1hitung = 0,703 ; ryx2hitung = 0,676 ; rx1x2hitung = 0,875 ; ryx1x2 = 0,714. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar.
Genome-wide analysis identified proteins associated with mitochondrial function and inflammation activation crucially regulating the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Letian , Liu Tingjun , Hu Chengzhang , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Qin , Shi Kerong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Fatty liver disease prevalently occurs in commercial postpartum dairies, resulting in a worldwide high culling rate because of their subsequent limitations of production and reproduction performance.
Results

Fatty liver-specific proteome and acetylome analysis revealed that energy metabolism suppression closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation activation are shown to be remarkable biological processes underlying the development of fatty liver disease, thereby acetylation modification of proteins modulating these processes. Twenty pivotal genetic factors/genes that differentially expressing and being acetylation modified in liver were identified and proposed to regulate the pathogenesis of fatty liver dairies. These proteins were confirmed to be differentially expressing in individual liver tissues, eight of which being validated through immunohistochemistry assay.
Conclusion

This study provided a comprehensive proteome and acetylome profile of fatty liver of dairy cows, and revealed potential important biological processes and essential regulators in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Expectantly, understanding the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease in dairies, as an animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in human beings, which is a clinico-pathologically defined process associated with metabolic syndrome, could inspire and facilitate the development of efficacious therapeutic drugs on NAFLD.
First-principles calculation of electronic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of triaminoguanidinium nitrate
Authors: Li Wen-Guang , Gan Yun-Dan , Bai Zhi-Xin , Zhang Ming-Jian , Liu Fu-Sheng , Tang Bin , Liu Qi-Jun , Chang Xianghui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the important energetic material triaminoguanidinium nitrate (TAGN) has been widely used, and the process of synthesizing TAGN has become more and more perfect. However, there are relatively few theoretical studies on TAGN. This paper uses first-principles calculations to more systematically study the crystal structure, electronic, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of TAGN. The calculation results show that the calculated unit cell parameters are relatively consistent with the values obtained through X-ray diffraction experiments. This article describes in detail the state density of the valence electron of each atom. By analyzing the vibrational properties of TAGN crystal, the vibration mode corresponding to each optical wave is obtained. At the same time, the vibration mode of each peak in the Raman spectrum and the infrared spectrum is described in detail. Then the calculated value is compared with the experimental value, it can be seen that the error is relatively small. According to the vibration characteristics, a series of thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy (H), Debye temperature (Θ), free energy (F), and entropy (S) are calculated. These thermodynamic functions can provide a certain reference for future research.
Unnatural Trend Detection of Arctic Amplification
Authors: Wang Yu , Yan Pengcheng , Feng Taichen , Ji Fei , Tang Shankai , Feng Guolin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The driving mechanism of Arctic amplification (AA) is so complex that no consistent and definitive conclusion has been formed yet. In particular, the natural or unnatural cause of AA has not yet been investigated and distinguished in clarity and depth. Given that the Arctic is more sensitive than other regions to greenhouse gases and other unnatural forcing, especially human activity, we are focusing on separating unnatural trend (caused by unnatural forcing) from the Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) changes during 1979–2017 to quantify the contribution of unnatural forcing on AA, with converting detection and attribution to probability statistics model. Compared to earlier studies, we find that the Arctic coast of the Siberian Great Plains, from the Barents Sea to the Kara Sea and eastward to the Bering Strait, has been warming most significantly, which is mainly dominated by unnatural trends. From 1979 to 2017, the minimum unnatural warming in most parts of the Arctic Ocean reached above 1.5℃, especially in the Kara Sea area, where the unnatural warming was significant, reaching 4℃. The Kara Sea is sensitive to unnatural forcing. In addition, the minimum unnatural contributions exceed 60% in most parts of the Arctic Circle, and was more than 80% in (75–90°N, 150–180°W). In 140°W-140°E Arctic region, the unnatural trend is the most remarkable with 0.82℃ per decade, accounting for 84.5% of the measured warming trend. Meanwhile, the unnatural trend changes most rapidly for the temporal evolution in this area (0-140°W, 60–90°N).
Optimization of random forest model for assessing and predicting geological hazards susceptibility in Lingyun County
Authors: Kong Chunfang , Wang Junzuo , Ma Xiaogang , Tian Yiping , Zhang Zhiting , Xu Kai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of geological hazards will not only cause peoples' property loss and deterioration of living environments, but will also endanger peoples' lives. Therefore, rapid and accurate evaluation of geological hazards susceptibility can provide an important scientific basis for emergency rescue and disaster reduction and prevention. In this paper, ten effective variables including slope, aspect, curvature, normalized differential vegetation index, annual precipitation, strata lithology, tectonic complexity, residential density, road network density, and land use/land cover were selected as evaluation indexes. Meanwhile, random forest (RF) model is improved by the optimization of unbalanced geological hazards dataset, differentiation of continuous geological hazards evaluation factors, sample similarity calculation, and iterative method for finding optimal random characteristics by calculating out-of-bagger errors. The geological hazards susceptibility evaluation model based on optimized RF (OPRF) was established and used to assess the susceptibility level of geological hazards for Lingyun County. Then, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and field investigation were performed to verify the efficiency for five models. Analysis and comparison of the results denoted that the model based on OPRF has the highest prediction accuracy of 93.4%, which is far better than the other four models. Furthermore, the evaluation results can provide reference for geological hazards prediction and prevention, and can also provide decision support for land use development and rational utilization of resources and environment in Lingyun County. Based on these results, the OPRF model could be extended to other regions with similar geological environment backgrounds for geological hazards susceptibility assessment and prediction.
Geographic Differences in the Distribution of Parasitic Infections in Children of Bolivia
Authors: Alvarez Ivana Camacho , Goyens Philippe , López Jenny Marcela Luizaga , Jacobs Frédérique 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: A high percentage of the population in Latin America lives with intestinal parasitic infections, neglected tropical diseases frequently not treated. Intestinal parasitism is associated other disorders but the information about the epidemiological situation in countries like Bolivia is scarce. Environmental conditions play its role in the prevalence of certain parasites. The main objective was to know the current situation of parasitic infections among children under twelve years old from different geographical areas of Cochabamba – Bolivia. Methodology: We analysed the laboratory reports of four second-line hospitals of different areas and the Tertiary Care Hospital. Results of stool examinations performed between 2011 and 2015 in children under twelve years of age were collected. Results: We gathered the results of 23221 examinations. The 89 % of children were less than five years old. Pathogenic parasites were found in 31 %. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the two most prevalent parasites in all areas. Helminths were 19% of positive samples and Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent. Parasitic infections are more frequent in tropical area where helminths are highly concentrated. Pre-school age children (OR: 5.296; 95% CI: 4.81 - 5.83) and semi-tropical area (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 2.90 - 3.66) were strongly associated to the presence of pathogenic parasites. Conclusions: Parasitic infections in children are still very prevalent in Bolivia. Protozoan infections are the major problem while the prevalence of helminths seems to be decreasing. The most vulnerable population is still concentrated in semi tropical and tropical areas where the risk of parasitic infection is probably increased due to the poor environmental conditions. Our results could allow reconsidering more effective parasitic disease control policies taking into account regional characteristics.
The Empirical Influences of Tibetan Plateau Soil Moisture on South Asian Monsoon Onset
Authors: Lou Dan , Wang Guojie , ullah waheed , Gao Zhiqiu , Bhatti Asher Samuel , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia , Jiang Tong , Su Buda , Zhu Chenxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The South Asian High (SAH) location and intensity are linked with the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yangtze River basin latent heating. The existing feedbacks of SAH variability is rarely linked with TP soil moisture regulated energy fluxes. In this study, remotely sensed soil moisture and global atmospheric reanalysis products are used to quantify the relationship between the TP spring (April, May, June) soil moisture with SAH and South Asian (SA) monsoon onset during 1988–2008. The diagnostic analysis infers that the SAH exhibits a significant correlation (R ≥ 0.90) with TP spring soil moisture and monsoon onset indices (R≥ -0.56−-0.61). During the early and late monsoon onset, a significant anomalous soil moisture regime influenced the surface energy fluxes, which affected the vertical diabatic heating profile. The diabatic heating profile affects the TP ascending motion and SAH intensity, which leads to regional monsoon circulation changes and onset. An asymmetric SAH movement in the upper troposphere appears before the early and late monsoon onset composites and drives the lower tropospheric westerlies/easterlies winds towards the continental SA. The wind shear and transition from prevailing easterlies into westerlies during the pre-onset, onset, and post-onset pentad results in strong/weak ascent in the Bay of Bengal and advances into continental regions. The onset- mechanism further suggested intensified/weaker westerlies/easterlies during early/late onset composites. The SAH intensity and movement are linked with TP soil moisture, which exhibits teleconnections with the regional circulation pattern. A detailed model experiment will be conducted to verify the influence of soil moisture as a driver of energy fluxes and SA monsoon onset.