bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging Spectrum of Severe Hypernatremia in Infants with Neurological Manifestations
Authors: Saini Arushi Gahlot , Vyas Sameer , Kaur Amrit , Singh Prabhjyot , Jayashree Muralidharan , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Singh Paramjeet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Variable neurological manifestations and imaging findings have been described in children with severe hypernatremia. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neuroimaging changes in infants with severe hypernatremia.
Methods This retrospective study included infants with severe hypernatremia (serum sodium >160 mEq/L), abnormal neurological examination, and an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain over a period of 2 years in a tertiary care hospital. Relevant clinical data, including the feeding practices, clinical features, complications, and biochemical and radiological parameters, were entered in a structured pro forma. MRI findings were classified as vascular (hemorrhages and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis), osmotic demyelination syndrome (pontine and extrapontine myelinolyses), and white matter changes.
Results The common clinical features in the neonates were poor feeding (n = 4) and decreased urine output (n = 4); the older infants presented with gastrointestinal losses (n = 5). All cases had dehydration with encephalopathy. The patterns of radiological injury were vascular (hemorrhages, n = 5 and venous thrombosis, n = 3), osmotic demyelination (n = 8), and white matter changes (n = 7). Coagulopathy was correlated with the vascular complications (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001); the degree of dehydration was correlated with the venous thrombosis (r = 0.7, p < 0.04) and acute kidney injury (r = 0.8, p < 0.001). Neurological sequelae were seen in four cases and correlated with hypernatremia (r = 0.6, p = 0.03) and hyperosmolarity (r = 0.6, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Characteristic neuroimaging findings are vascular changes in the form of venous thrombosis and hemorrhages, osmotic demyelination and white matter tract injury, and/or mostly combinations of these findings. Severe hypernatremia and resulting hyperosmolarity frequently cause neurological sequelae in neonates and infants.
A Volumetric Study of the Corpus Callosum in the Turkish Population
Authors: Soysal Handan , Acer Niyazi , Özdemir Meltem , Eraslan Önder 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study is to measure the average corpus callosum (CC) volume of healthy Turkish humans and to analyze the effects of gender and age on volumes, including the genu, truncus, and splenium parts of the CC.Patients and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 301 healthy male and female subjects, aged 11 to 84 years. The median age was 42 years (min–max: 11–82) in females and 49 years (min–max: 12–84) in males. Corpus callosum and its parts were calculated by using MRICloud. CC volumes of each subject were compared with those of the age and gender groups.Results All volumes of the CC were significantly higher in males than females. All left volumes except BCC were significantly higher than the right volumes in both males and females. The oldest two age groups (50–69 and 70–84 years) were found to have higher bilateral CC volumes, and bilateral BCC volumes were also higher than in the other two age groups (11–29 and 30–49 years).Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females/males, females have a faster decline in the volume of all volumes of the CC. We think that quantitative structural magnetic resonance data of the brain is vital in understanding human brain function and development.
Lipodystrophy of Abdominal Pannus: A Severe Complication of Phosphatidyl Choline Injections
Authors: Telang Parag S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract“Injection lipolysis” or “mesotherapy” is done for introducing various substances into deeper layers of the skin with the aim to dissolve subcutaneous fat. However, the safety profile of these chemicals is poorly regulated. Therefore, they may cause side effects or long-term sequelae that can be disastrous for the patient. We present such a case that required surgical management to salvage it and to give an aesthetically acceptable result.
Multilevel cooperation in the EU resolution of cross-border bank groups: lessons from the non-euro area Member States joining the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM)
Authors: Smoleńska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCross-border banking presents a unique set of challenges in the EU from the perspective of arranging administrative oversight structures. Structuring cooperation between different EU and national authorities in a way which is conducive to trust-building and mutual engagement is an essential condition for overcoming disintegrative tendencies in the internal market. To assess how the existing EU arrangements fare in this regard in the context of EU resolution law, this article comparatively analyses the different models of multilevel administrative cooperation in the post-crisis EU framework. These are specifically the centralised model of the European Banking Union (Single Resolution Mechanism) and the relatively looser networked model of the resolution colleges. The multilevel cooperation under both models is nuanced given the distinct roles of the national resolution authorities, EU agencies and the differentiated status of non-euro area Member States in the EBU (Croatia, Bulgaria). The article’s findings allow to identify specific problems of constitutional nature pertaining to the accountability of administrative cooperation, equality of Member States and the implications ofMeronidoctrine’s distortive effects.
Determinants of mergers and acquisitions among Finnish cooperative and savings banks
Authors: Huhtilainen Matias , Saastamoinen Jani , Suhonen Niko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is the first to examine mergers and acquisitions among small, regional stakeholder banks that belong to the same group. Using data on Finnish unlisted cooperative and savings banks, we investigate the relationship between bank-specific factors and the likelihood of a bank being an acquirer or an acquisition target. We find that large banks tend to acquire small and inefficient banks. Additionally, we examine the loan growth and find a negative (positive), statistically significant association with the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target (acquirer). Finally, we document an increase in the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target subsequent to an increase in the share of net fees and commission income against total assets.
Dissociations between glucose metabolism and blood oxygenation in the human default mode network revealed by simultaneous PET-fMRI
Authors: Stiernman Lars Jonasson , Grill Filip , Hahn Andreas , Rischka Lucas , Lanzenberger Rupert , Panes Lundmark Vania , Riklund Katrine , Axelsson Jan , Rieckmann Anna 
Published: June 2021

Significance
A consistent finding from functional MRI (fMRI) of externally focused cognitive control is negative signal change in the brain’s default mode network (DMN), but it is unknown whether this reflects an increase of synaptic activity during rest periods or active suppression during task. Using hybrid PET-MRI, we show that task-positive fMRI responses align with increasing glucose metabolism during cognitive control, but task-negative fMRI responses in DMN are not accompanied by corresponding decreases in metabolism. The results are incompatible with an interpretation of task-negative fMRI signal in DMN as a relative metabolic increase during a resting baseline condition. The present results open up avenues for understanding abnormal fMRI activity patterns in DMN in aging and psychiatric disease.
Can single photon excitation of two spatially separated modes lead to a violation of Bell inequality via weak-field homodyne measurements?
Authors: Das Tamoghna , Karczewski Marcin , Mandarino Antonio , Markiewicz Marcin , Woloncewicz Bianka , Żukowski Marek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We reconsider the all-optical weak homodyne-measurement based experimental schemes aimed at revealing Bell nonclassicality (‘nonlocality’) of a single photon. We focus on the schemes put forward by Tan et al (TWC, 1991) and Hardy (1994). In our previous work we show that the TWC experiment can be described by a local hidden variable model, hence the claimed nonclassicality is apparent. The nonclassicality proof proposed by Hardy remains impeccable. We investigate which feature of the Hardy’s approach is crucial to disclose the nonclassicality. There are consequential differences between TWC and Hardy setups: (i) the initial state of Hardy is a superposition of a single photon excitation with vacuum in one of the input modes of a 50–50 beamsplitter. In the TWC case there is no vacuum component. (ii) In the final measurements of Hardy’s proposal the local settings are specified by the presence or absence of a local oscillator field (on/off). In the TWC case the auxiliary fields are constant, only phases are varied. We show that in Hardy’s setup the violation of local realism occurs due to the varying strength of the local oscillators. Still, one does not need to operate in the fully on/off detection scheme. Thus, the nonclassicality in a Hardy-like setup cannot be attributed to the single-photon state alone. It is a consequence of its interference with the photons from auxiliary local fields. Neither can it be attributed to the joint state of the single photon excitation and the local oscillator modes, as this state is measurement setting dependent. Despite giving spurious violations of local realism, the TWC scheme can serve as an entanglement indicator, for the TWC state. Nevertheless an analogue indicator based on intensity rates rather than just intensities overperforms it.
The integrated angular bispectrum of weak lensing
Authors: Jung Gabriel , Namikawa Toshiya , Liguori Michele , Munshi Dipak , Heavens Alan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigate three-point statistics in weak lensing convergence, through the integrated bispectrum. This statistic involves measuring power spectra in patches, and is thus easy to measure, and avoids the complexity of estimating the very large number of possible bispectrum configurations. The integrated bispectrum principally probes the squeezed limit of the bispectrum. To be useful as a set of summary statistics, accurate theoretical predictions of the signal are required, and, assuming Gaussian sampling distributions, the covariance matrix. In this paper, we investigate through simulations how accurate are theoretical formulae for both the integrated bispectrum and its covariance, finding that there a small inaccuracies in the theoretical signal, and more serious deviations in the covariance matrix, which may need to be estimated using simulations.
Core breaking and possible magnetic rotation in the semimagic nucleus 90Zr *
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Ke-Yan , Liu Si-Ying , Lu Jing-Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The semimagic nucleus 90Zr, with Z = 40 and N = 50, is investigated in terms of large scale shell model calculations. A logical agreement is obtained between the available experimental data and predicted values. The calculated results indicate that the low-lying states are primarily dominated by the proton excitations from the fp orbitals across the Z = 38 or 40 subshell into the high-j

orbital. For the higher-spin states of 90Zr, the breaking of the N = 50 core plays a crucial role, and the contribution of different orbitals to each state are discussed in this article. The evolution from neutron core excitations to proton excitations is systematically studied along the neighboring N = 50 isotones. Furthermore, the strong

= 1 sequence demonstrates an abrupt backbend attributed to the alignment of the valence nucleons in fp proton orbitals and is proposed to have a

configuration before the backbend, based on the shell model calculations. The properties of this sequence before the backbend indicate a general agreement with the fingerprints of magnetic rotation; hence, the sequence with the

configuration is suggested as a magnetic rotational band arising from shears mechanism.
Research progress and application of negative temperature cementitious materials
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Bai Erlei , Wang Han , Luo Xin , Meng Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article mainly analyzes the geopolymer cement, composite cementing material, magnesium phosphate cement and sulfoaluminate cement suitable for negative temperature environment, and summarizes the different research results at this stage. Finally, some problems that still exist in negative temperature cementitious materials are described.
Beam commissioning of the coupled RFQ-SFRFQ cavity
Authors: Wang Z. , Xia W.L. , Lu Y.R. , Zhu K. , Gao S.L. , Zhao J. , Chen J.E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We developed a novel compact structure, called a Coupled RFQ-SFRFQ (CRS), to accelerate a 0.8 MeV helium beam for a materials irradiation project. A high accelerating efficiency was achieved by replacing the accelerating section of the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with a separated-function radio frequency quadrupole (SFRFQ) structure, in a single cavity. Following the electromagnetic simulations, RF measurement of the CRS cavity was performed, including low RF power and high RF power measurement. Recently, beam experiments on the CRS linac indicated that the maximum accelerated beam current could reach 2 mA with an energy of 0.8 MeV and energy spread (FWHM) of 3.1%. The experimental measurement results showed good consistency with the beam dynamics simulations.
Removal of artifacts caused by grating imperfections in X-ray phase contrast tomography
Authors: Du T.Y. , Gao K. , Wu Z. , Tian Y.C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Artifact removal algorithms are crucial for image quality in computed tomography. Many ring artifact removal algorithms have been proposed in conventional X-ray absorption computed tomography, but relatively fewer algorithms were suggested for differential X-ray phase contrast imaging. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to eliminate the ring artifacts caused by grating imperfections in X-ray phase contrast tomography. This method requires 360-degree projection data and exploits the anti-symmetry of conjugate rays to locate the artifact regions. Moreover, an interpolation scheme for sinogram-domain is proposed to correct artifacts. Experimental results show that the algorithm performs well in the case of severe artifacts.
Study of p-type silicon MOS capacitors at HL-LHC radiation levels through irradiation with a cobalt-60 gamma source and a TCAD simulation
Authors: Asenov P. , Assiouras P. , Boziari A. , Filippou K. , Kazas I. , Kyriakis A. , Loukas D. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Passeri D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the era of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) the devices in its experiments will be subjected to increased radiation levels with high fluxes of neutrons and charged hadrons, especially in the inner detectors. A systematic program of radiation tests with neutrons and charged hadrons is being carried out by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations in view of the upgrade of the experiments, in order to cope with the higher luminosity at HL-LHC and the associated increase in the pile-up events and radiation fluxes. In this work, results from a complementary radiation study with 60Co-γ photons are presented. The doses are equivalent to those that the outer layers of the silicon tracker systems of the two big LHC experiments will be subjected to. The devices in this study are MOS capacitors fabricated on the float-zone oxygenated p-type silicon wafer. The results of CV measurements on these devices are presented as a function of the total absorbed radiation dose following a specific annealing protocol. The measurements are compared with the results of a TCAD simulation.
Feasibility study of an efficient method to measure depth profile of particle ions using a wedge-shaped acrylic block
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Yabe T. , Akagi T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The depth-profile measurement of particle ions is a time- and labor-consuming task, and thus an efficient method is desired. To solve this problem, we propose a new method to measure depth profiles and test it for carbon ions. In our method, we use a thin silver-activated zinc sulfide (ZnS(Ag)) scintillator plate set against the inner top side of a black box and irradiate a uniform carbon-ion beam to this plate from the upper side. On the ZnS(Ag) plate, a wedge-shaped acrylic block is set to absorb the carbon ions depending on the plate’s position. The scintillation light’s image is reflected by a surface mirror set below the ZnS(Ag) plate and then detected by a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera from the side. We irradiate carbon ions for 6 s and measure the ZnS(Ag) image that is partially attenuated by the wedge-shaped acrylic block. By setting the profile on the measured image, we could estimate the depth profile of the carbon-ion beam, although a quenching of the scintillator is observed around the Bragg peak area. We conclude that our proposed method is promising for efficiently measuring the depth profile of particle ions.
Poleward shifts in marine fisheries under Arctic warming
Authors: Fauchald Per , Arneberg Per , Debernard Jens Boldingh , Lind Sigrid , Olsen Erik , Hausner Vera Helene 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As global warming makes the Arctic Ocean more accessible, concerns have been raised about the environmental consequences of a possible expansion of commercial fisheries into pristine marine ecosystems. Using a recently released global dataset, we quantify for the first time how fishing activities are responding to diminishing sea ice and a warmer Arctic Ocean. We show that trawling dominates Arctic fisheries and that this activity penetrates rapidly into Arctic shelf areas previously protected by extensive ice-cover as a response to interannual sea ice loss. We model the development of trawling activity under a climate change scenario and use the model to identify areas with high risk of increased trawling activity and estimate the amount of trawling avoided in recently established fishery protection zones. Stronger responsibility must be undertaken by Arctic coastal states to regulate increased fishing pressure and protect vulnerable Arctic shelf ecosystems.
Impact of green roofs on heavy rainfall in tropical, coastal urban area
Authors: Patel Pratiman , Karmakar Subhankar , Ghosh Subimal , Aliaga Daniel G , Niyogi Dev 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Green Roofs (GRs) are one of the measures considered for Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation. The cooling effects of GRs are well studied in the literature. However, previous work has not addressed the impacts of GRs on heavy rainfall in cities. This study develops and tests the hypothesis that incorporating green roofs in urban areas enhances the magnitude of rain for heavy rainfall events. To test this, examples of heavy rainfall events over three different years are examined over Mumbai, India, one of the megapoleis that continues to witness heavy rains and urban flooding. The heavy rain events are simulated using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for different green roof fraction (GF) scenarios (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) over the urban area. The GF simulations are compared to the ‘no GF’ simulation (control run). The results indicate a consistent increase (1%–72%) in the total accumulated precipitation in all GF scenarios. Additional moisture and increased equivalent potential temperature aided the formation and sustenance of localized pockets of enhanced rain occurrences, contributing to the total amount of rainfall for the rain events for the domain. The increase in rainfall amounts leads to higher runoff and can increase the risk of flash floods. Thus, it is necessary to account for this rainfall-based feedback of GR before adopting it as a mitigation option. The results of this work may be helpful in effective urban planning and managing the urban climate extremes.
Field-based evidence of changes in household PM2.5 and exposure during the 2020 national quarantine in China
Authors: Li Jianpeng , Men Yatai , Liu Xinlei , Luo Zhihan , Li Yaojie , Shen Huizhong , Chen Yilin , Cheng Hefa , Shen Guofeng , Tao Shu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Air pollution exposure depends not only on outdoor but also on indoor air quality and human activities. The outbreak of coronavirus in 2019 occurred close to the Spring Festival in China, when many rural-to-urban workers moved to their hometowns, resulting in increased household (HH) consumption of solid fuels for space heating in the rural north. In this study, field measurements of HH PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic size ⩽2.5 μm) from a rural village were performed to evaluate changes in indoor, outdoor, and total exposure during the quarantine. Both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were, as expected, higher during the heating period than during the non-heating period, resulting in much more exposure during the heating season. Indoor exposure accounted for up to 87% and 95% of the total PM2.5 exposure during the non-heating and heating periods, respectively. The contributions of indoor exposure associated with internal sources were 46% and 66%, respectively. Indoor coal combustion resulted in an increment of about 62 ± 12 μg m−3 in indoor PM2.5 exposure. Due to the quarantine, the indoor-originated PM2.5 exposure increased by 4 μg m−3 compared to that during the heating period before the lockdown. In comparison with the exposure before the quarantine during the heating period, the outdoor exposure decreased by 5 μg m−3 during the quarantine, which was mainly attributable to much less time spent outdoors, although the outdoor PM2.5 levels increased from 86 ± 49 μg m−3 to 104 ± 85 μg m−3. However, the overall exposure increased by 13 μg m−3 during the quarantine, resulting from the changes in outdoor exposure (−5 μg m−3), outdoor-originated indoor PM2.5 exposure (+9 μg m−3), PM2.5 from indoor sources before the quarantine (+5 μg m−3), and quarantine-induced indoor PM2.5 increments (+4 μg m−3). The increase in air pollution exposure during quarantine deepened concerns about the issue of HH air pollution and the clean HH energy transition actions required to eliminate traditional solid fuels.
A review of the effect of UAE optimization parameters on antioxidant activity
Authors: Elshreef H S , Mirghani M E S , Sulaiman S , Jami M S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters is necessary to determine the optimum level of the parameters, including solvent-to-material ratio, power, extraction time, solvent concentration, temperature, and pH. This review focuses on the UAE parameters’ effects on the antioxidant activity, their interactions, and the best method of examining antioxidant activity to respond to the UAE’s optimization. It was determined that the optimal extraction time is 15 minutes, and any duration longer than that could result in reduction of antioxidant activity. The temperature effect is important, wherein antioxidant activity decreases significantly when the extraction temperature is higher than 45 °C. Increasing the solvent concentration beyond 50% decreased the antioxidant activity. No increase in antioxidant activity was observed with a solvent/sample ratio greater than 40 ml/g. Increased ultrasound power leads to increased antioxidant compounds, especially in the range of ultrasound power, such as 50 to 150 W. However, higher ultrasound power creates free hydroxyl radicals that destroy the antioxidant compound. With an increase in pH, the radical scavenging activity increases significantly. It should, however, be at a near-neutral level, such as pH 6. Comparative literature has shown that optimizing UAE contributes to enhanced antioxidant activity and enhances resource conservation, such as energy and chemicals.