bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response regulator Skn7 of Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for the antifungal effect of fludioxonil
Authors: Schruefer Sebastian , Böhmer Isabella , Dichtl Karl , Spadinger Anja , Kleinemeier Christoph , Ebel Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAspergillus fumigatus is an important fungal pathogen that represents a major threat for severely immunocompromised patients. Cases of invasive aspergillosis are associated with a high mortality rate, which reflects the limited treatment options that are currently available. The development of novel therapeutic approaches is therefore an urgent task. An interesting compound is fludioxonil, a derivative of the bacterial secondary metabolite pyrrolnitrin. Both agents possess potent antimicrobial activity against A. fumigatus and trigger a lethal activation of the group III hybrid histidine kinase TcsC, the major sensor kinase of the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway in A. fumigatus. In the current study, we have characterized proteins that operate downstream of TcsC and analyzed their roles in the antifungal activity of fludioxonil and in other stress situations. We found that the SskA-SakA axis of the HOG pathway and Skn7 can independently induce an increase of the internal glycerol concentration, but each of these individual responses amounts for only half of the level found in the wild type. The lethal fludioxonil-induced ballooning occurs in the sskA and the sakA mutant, but not in the skn7-deficient strain, although all three strains show comparable glycerol responses. This indicates that an elevated osmotic pressure is necessary, but not sufficient and that a second, decisive and Skn7-dependent mechanism mediates the antifungal activity. We assume that fludioxonil triggers a reorganization in the fungal cell wall that reduces its rigidity, which in combination with the elevated osmotic pressure executes the lethal expansion of the fungal cells. Two findings link Skn7 to the cell wall of A. fumigatus: (1) the fludioxonil-induced massive increase in the chitin content depends on Skn7 and (2) the skn7 mutant is more resistant to the cell wall stressor Calcofluor white. In conclusion, our data suggest that the antifungal activity of fludioxonil in A. fumigatus relies on two distinct and synergistic processes: A high internal osmotic pressure and a weakened cell wall. The involvement of Skn7 in both processes most likely accounts for its particular importance in the antifungal activity of fludioxonil.
Unveiling Tatun volcanic plumbing structure induced by post-collisional extension of Taiwan mountain belt
Authors: Huang Hsin-Hua , Wu E.-S. , Lin C.-H. , Ko J. Y.-T. , Shih M.-H. , Koulakov I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is proximal to the metropolis of Taipei City (population of ca. 7 million) and has long been a major concern due to the potential risks from volcanic activity to the population and critical infrastructure. While the TVG has been previously considered a dormant or extinct volcano, recent evidence suggests a much younger age of the last eruption event (~ 6000 years) and possible existence of a magma reservoir beneath the TVG. However, the location, dimension, and detailed geometry of the magma reservoir and plumbing system remains largely unknown. To examine the TVG volcanic plumbing structure in detail, the local P-wave travel time data and the teleseismic waveform data from a new island-wide Formosa Array Project are combined for a 3D tomographic joint inversion. The new model reveals a magma reservoir with a notable P-wave velocity reduction of 19% (ca. ~ 19% melt fraction) at 8–20 km beneath eastern TVG and with possible northward extension to a shallower depth near where active submarine volcanoes that have been detected. Enhanced tomographic images also reveal sporadic magmatic intrusion/underplating in the lower crust of Husehshan Range and northern Taiwan. These findings suggest an active volcanic plumbing system induced by post-collisional extension associated with the collapse of the orogen.
Synthesis and design of Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles as antimicrobial synergistic combination therapies against clinically relevant pathogens
Authors: Padilla-Cruz A. L. , Garza-Cervantes J. A. , Vasto-Anzaldo X. G. , García-Rivas Gerardo , León-Buitimea A. , Morones-Ramírez J. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe inappropriate use of antibiotics and the inadequate control of infections have led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In recent years, metallo-pharmaceutics and metallic nanoparticles have been proposed as potential alternative antimicrobials due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Moreover, recent findings have shown that combinations of transition metal compounds can exhibit synergistic antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the synthesis and design of bimetallic nanoparticles is a field worth exploring to harness the interactions between groups of metals and organic complex structures found in different microbial targets, towards the development of more efficient combinatorial antimicrobials composed of synergistic metals. In this study, we present a green synthesis of Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using an aqueous extract from the leaves of Gardenia jasminoides. The characterization of the nanoparticles demonstrated that the synthesis methodology produces homogenously distributed core–shell Ag–Fe structures with spherical shapes and average diameter sizes of 13 nm (± 6.3 nm). The Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles showed magnetic and antimicrobial properties; the latter were evaluated against six different, clinically relevant multi-drug-resistant microbial strains. The Ag–Fe bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited an antimicrobial (bactericidal) synergistic effect between the two metals composing the bimetallic nanoparticles compared to the effects of the mono-metallic nanoparticles against yeast and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our results provide insight towards the design of bimetallic nanoparticles, synthesized through green chemistry methodologies, to develop synergistic combinatorial antimicrobials with possible applications in both industrial processes and the treatment of infections caused by clinically relevant drug-resistant strains.
The number of household members as a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Yim Mi Hong , Kim Keun Ho , Lee Bum Ju 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeptic ulcer disease (PUD) is caused by many sociodemographic and economic risk factors other than H. pylori infection. However, no studies reported an association between PUD and the number of household members. We showed the number of family members affected by PUD based on sex in a Korean population. This cross-sectional study used 1998–2009 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multiple binary logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were constructed to analyze the association of PUD with the number of household members. The number of household members was associated with PUD, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, glucose, location (urban/rural), income, education level, stress, current drinking, and smoking in both sexes. Men with other household members had a higher PUD risk compared to men or women living alone (reference), and the opposite was observed for women. Men with 4 household members had a higher PUD risk than men living alone in the model adjusted for age, BMI, income, location, education, and stress (OR = 2.04 [95% CI 1.28–3.27], p value = .003). Women with more than 6 household members had a lower PUD risk than women living alone in the adjusted model (OR = 0.50 [0.33–0.75], p value = .001). Women with more household members had a lower PUD risk. However, more men had PUD than women regardless of the number of household members.
A sub-Neptune and a non-transiting Neptune-mass companion unveiled by ESPRESSO around the bright late-F dwarf HD 5278 (TOI-130)
Authors: Sozzetti A. , Damasso M. , Bonomo A. S. , Alibert Y. , Sousa S. G. , Adibekyan V. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , González Hernández J. I. , Barros S. C. C. , Lillo-Box J. , Stassun K. G. , Winn J. , Cristiani S. , Pepe F. , Rebolo R. , Santos N. C. , Allart R. , Barclay T. , Bouchy F. , Cabral A. , Ciardi D. , Di Marcantonio P. , D’Odorico V. , Ehrenreich D. , Fasnaugh M. , Figueira P. , Haldemann J. , Jenkins J. M. , Latham D. W. , Lavie B. , Lo Curto G. , Lovis C. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mégevand D. , Mehner A. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. J. , Oshagh M. , Otegi J. , Pallé E. , Poretti E. , Ricker G. , Rodriguez D. , Seager S. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Twicken J. D. , Udry S. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Transiting sub-Neptune-type planets, with radii approximately between 2 and 4 R⊕, are of particular interest as their study allows us to gain insight into the formation and evolution of a class of planets that are not found in our Solar System.
Aims. We exploit the extreme radial velocity (RV) precision of the ultra-stable echelle spectrograph ESPRESSO on the VLT to unveil the physical properties of the transiting sub-Neptune TOI-130 b, uncovered by the TESS mission orbiting the nearby, bright, late F-type star HD 5278 (TOI-130) with a period of Pb = 14.3 days.
Methods. We used 43 ESPRESSO high-resolution spectra and broad-band photometry information to derive accurate stellar atmospheric and physical parameters of HD 5278. We exploited the TESS light curve and spectroscopic diagnostics to gauge the impact of stellar activity on the ESPRESSO RVs. We performed separate as well as joint analyses of the TESS photometry and the ESPRESSO RVs using fully Bayesian frameworks to determine the system parameters.
Results. Based on the ESPRESSO spectra, the updated stellar parameters of HD 5278 are Teff = 6203 ± 64 K, log g = 4.50 ± 0.11 dex, [Fe/H] = −0.12 ± 0.04 dex, M⋆ = 1.126−0.035+0.036 M⊙, and R⋆ = 1.194−0.016+0.017 R⊙. We determine HD 5278 b’s mass and radius to be Mb = 7.8−1.4+1.5 M⊕ and Rb = 2.45 ± 0.05R⊕. The derived mean density, ϱb = 2.9−0.5+0.6 g cm−3, is consistent with the bulk composition of a sub-Neptune with a substantial (~ 30%) water mass fraction and with a gas envelope comprising ~17% of the measured radius. Given the host brightness and irradiation levels, HD 5278 b is one of the best targetsorbiting G-F primaries for follow-up atmospheric characterization measurements with HST and JWST. We discover a second, non-transiting companion in the system, with a period of Pc = 40.87−0.17+0.18 days and a minimum mass of Mc sin ic = 18.4−1.9+1.8 M⊕. We study emerging trends in parameters space (e.g., mass, radius, stellar insolation, and mean density) of the growing population of transiting sub-Neptunes, and provide statistical evidence for a low occurrence of close-in, 10 − 15M⊕ companions around G-F primaries with Teff ≳ 5500 K.
Dispersion calibration for the National Ignition Facility electron–positron–proton spectrometers for intense laser matter interactions
Authors: von der Linden Jens , Ramos-Méndez José , Faddegon Bruce , Massin Devan , Fiksel Gennady , Holder Joe P. , Willingale Louise , Peebles Jonathan , Edwards Matthew R. , Chen Hui 
Published: March 2021

Electron–positron pairs, produced in intense laser–solid interactions, are diagnosed using magnetic spectrometers with image plates, such as the National Ignition Facility Electron–Positron–Proton Spectrometers (EPPSs). Although modeling can help infer the quantitative value, the accuracy of the models needs to be verified to ensure measurement quality. The dispersion of low-energy electrons and positrons may be affected by fringe magnetic fields near the entrance of the EPPS. We have calibrated the EPPS with six electron beams from a Siemens Oncor linear accelerator (linac) ranging in energy from 2.7 MeV to 15.2 MeV as they enter the spectrometer. A Geant4 Tool for Particle Simulation Monte Carlo simulation was set up to match depth dose curves and lateral profiles measured in water at 100 cm source–surface distance. An accurate relationship was established between the bending magnet current setting and the energy of the electron beam at the exit window. The simulations and measurements were used to determine the energy distributions of the six electron beams at the EPPS slit. Analysis of the scanned image plates together with the determined energy distribution arriving in the spectrometer provides improved dispersion curves for the EPPS.
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus is associated with osteosarcoma in Xinjiang populations
Authors: Chen Qian , Chen Jiangtao , Li Yuqing , Liu Dawei , Zeng Yan , Tian Zheng , Yunus Akbar , Yang Yong , Lu Jie , Song Xinghua , Yuan Yan 
Published: March 2021

Significance
A viral etiology of osteosarcoma was proposed previously but has never been proven by identifying any virus authentically associated with human osteosarcoma. The current study revealed an association of human osteosarcoma with KSHV infection in osteosarcoma patients of Xinjiang subgroups. First, this study provides evidence that supports a viral etiology of some human osteosarcomas. The gene expression profiling study showed that KSHV-positive osteosarcoma represents a distinct subtype of osteosarcoma which is of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Second, KSHV-associated osteosarcomas occur preferentially in children and young adults, predicting that KSHV-positive children in KSHV-endemic regions may be at significant risk for osteosarcoma. Third, these findings extend the range of human cancers associated with viruses.
The effect of fermentation time and addition of crude cellulase to concentration of bioethanol in bagasse fermentation
Authors: Rulianah S , Prayitno P , Indiastari A , Fatmawati D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bagasse is a solid waste from the sugar cane milling process in the sugar industry. Bagasse contains lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, which through the fermentation process by Phanerochaete chrysosporium can produce crude cellulase, furthermore cellulase and other enzymes can be used in bagasse fermentation to produce bioethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and the addition of crude cellulase to the yield and concentration of bioethanol produced in bagasse fermentation. The research was carried out with the stages of the process: Preparation of raw materials (bagasse), Preparation of crude cellulase, Fermentation process, Product analysis (Bioethanol). The variables used in the experiment were fermentation time (96, 120, and 144 hours) and the addition of crude cellulase (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (v/v)). Analysis of crude cellulase activity using the DNS method, while the analysis of bioethanol concentration using the chromatography methods. The results showed that the maximum yield was 16.24% and the highest bioethanol concentration of 11.04% was obtained at the time of fermentation of 144 hours and the addition of crude cellulase by 50% (v/v).
Smart ecosystem for hydroponic land in the hydroponic farmers group guided by CSR PT. Otsuka Indonesia as an improved quality and quantity of harvest results
Authors: Aji D K P , Nurhasan U , Arianto R , Triswidrananta O D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a community development program managed by PT. Otsuka Indonesia, one of which is form a hydroponic farmer community. In the activity of fostering hydroponic farmers there are several problems, namely the process of plant nursery, seeding, and harvesting are still carried out conventionally, while the assisted farmers do not have much time to supervise because they have a core job. Based on these problems, this study will focus on solving the problem of hydroponic plant supervision that can be known directly by farmers and also from the CSR of PT. Otsuka Indonesia. In completing the research, the steps carried out were based on the CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology. The factors used in solving the problem are the type of hydroponic plants, the acidity of the soil, the intensity of sunlight, the ambient temperature of the hydroponic plants, the water level and periodic reporting as needed in the form of a Smart Ecosystem. For this reason, it is necessary to build a device from an Arduino microcontroller based on IoT so that supervision of the hydroponic planting process can be done without having to be in hydroponic land and get reports every period of the development of hydroponic plants in the application. By using this device, it is hoped that many hydroponic farmers will use it so that during the hydroponic vegetable production process it can be in accordance with the old standards of the nursery until it is worth selling.
Deep Recurrent Q Reinforcement Learning model to Predict the Alzheimer Disease using Smart Home Sensor Data
Authors: Dhanusha C. , Senthil Kumar A.V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Early detection of alzheimer disease is an essential process of the elderly persons when they are with the mild cognitive impairments. This work adapts the smart home based alzheimer disease detection by recording the daily activities of the resident’s equipped with the sensor devices in their appliances as smart home. Using sensor data based clinical assessment of alzheimer patient is very complex as it is uncertain to predict such vague monitoring and understanding its deep characteristics. To acquire the deep characteristics of sensor dataset unlike the existing conventional supervised learning paradigm, this paper constructs an optimized self-learning model known as reinforcement learning process. This proposed model Deep Recurrent Q Learning based Reinforcement Model (DRQLRM) Process comprised of two stages they are pretraining using recurrent neural network to overcome the overfitting and fine tuning of the parameters involved in deep neural network and Deep Q learning process is used as reinforcement approach which uses the agents rewards and penalties to determine the optimal agents and their experience to predict the unknown pattern in the uncertain condition in effective way. The proposed model produced better result in CASA smart home test bed for investigating the presence of alzheimer
Gasoline Engine Simulation Software: A Comparison Review
Authors: Ghanim Wisam S , Ahmed Omer K , Ali Obed M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this review, a survey of previous studies has been conducted on the use of simulation software to evaluate the performance of spark igniting engines. Some of the gaps in the simulation software used by researchers requiring further research and consideration of their potential impact on the writing of the topic under discussion. The results of the simulation software have led to the ability of these models to predict engine performance, and show good agreement between the experimental results and the results predicted by the simulation software. These findings increase the reliability of simulation software, which can replace the experimental tests and in turn reduce the cost. This will also provide a platform for the researchers to expand their experimental through varying the different parameters instantaneously to get the optimum performance criteria
Single-cell genomics to study developmental cell fate decisions in zebrafish
Authors: Moreno-Ayala Roberto , Junker Jan Philipp 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
New developments in single-cell genomics have transformed developmental biology in recent years by enabling systematic analysis of embryonic cell types and differentiation trajectories. Ongoing efforts in experimental and computational method development aim to reveal gene-regulatory mechanisms and to provide additional spatio-temporal information about developmental cell fate decisions. Here, we discuss recent technological developments as well as biological applications of single-cell genomics, with a particular focus on analysis of developmental cell fate decisions. Although the approaches described here are generally applicable to a broad range of model systems, we focus our discussion on applications in zebrafish, which has proven to be a particularly powerful model organism for establishing novel methods in single-cell genomics.
MixTwice: large-scale hypothesis testing for peptide arrays by variance mixing
Authors: Zheng Zihao , Mergaert Aisha M. , Ong Irene M. , Shelef Miriam A. , Newton Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSummaryPeptide microarrays have emerged as a powerful technology in immunoproteomics as they provide a tool to measure the abundance of different antibodies in patient serum samples. The high dimensionality and small sample size of many experiments challenge conventional statistical approaches, including those aiming to control the false discovery rate (FDR). Motivated by limitations in reproducibility and power of current methods, we advance an empirical Bayesian tool that computes local FDR statistics and local false sign rate statistics when provided with data on estimated effects and estimated standard errors from all the measured peptides. As the name suggests, the MixTwice tool involves the estimation of two mixing distributions, one on underlying effects and one on underlying variance parameters. Constrained optimization techniques provide for model fitting of mixing distributions under weak shape constraints (unimodality of the effect distribution). Numerical experiments show that MixTwice can accurately estimate generative parameters and powerfully identify non-null peptides. In a peptide array study of rheumatoid arthritis, MixTwice recovers meaningful peptide markers in one case where the signal is weak, and has strong reproducibility properties in one case where the signal is strong.Availabilityand implementationMixTwice is available as an R software package https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MixTwice/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Challenges in Implementing Restorative Justice with Older Adults: Institutional Gatekeepers and Social Barriers
Authors: Avieli Hila , Band Winterstein Tova , Gal Tali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the consensus regarding the importance of restorative justice (RJ) as an alternative to the criminal justice system, some professionals and researchers have pointed out the challenges involved in its implementation with older adults who have been victimised. The aim of the present study was to explore the primary obstructions to implementing RJ intervention with older adults who have been victimised, as perceived by RJ facilitators, using the conceptual framework of social constructivism. An interpretive phenomenological analysis perspective was used to analyse the narratives of seven RJ facilitators, all of them highly experienced social workers. The narratives revealed three themes: the interpersonal and familial arena—the older person and his/her family as gatekeepers; the institutional arena—judicial and medical system personnel as gatekeepers; and the professional arena—RJ facilitators as gatekeepers. The findings suggest that some individuals and institutions maintain the conservative agenda of gatekeeping older adults to prevent them from encountering any danger. These findings indicate that, in keeping with the social work code of ethics, social workers need to consider older adults’ right to self-determination in RJ contexts.