bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs About Perioperative Opioid and Alcohol Use among Elective Surgical Patients Who Report Unhealthy Drinking: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fernandez Anne C , Lin Lewei A , Bazzi Angela R , Boissoneault Jeff , Borsari Brian , Blow Frederic 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Elective surgical patients with unhealthy alcohol use have unique pain management needs and addiction risk factors that are relevant to surgical preparation and recovery. This descriptive qualitative study sought to better understand patients' beliefs and behaviors related to opioid use, alcohol use, and pain management in the perioperative context.

Design
We conducted individual semi-structured interviews between July 2017 and March 2018.

Setting
A large Midwestern academic health system.

Subjects
Participants were elective surgical patients meeting unhealthy alcohol use criteria, recruited from the health system’s preoperative anesthesia clinic.

Method
Semistructured interview guides explored beliefs and behaviors relating to alcohol and opioid use, health status, and surgical care. Interview recordings were transcribed and coded for thematic analysis.

Results
Among 20 elective surgical patients (25% female), we identified three key themes regarding alcohol use, opioid use, and their co-use before and after surgery. First, desires and intentions to use opioids for postoperative pain management varied widely, even before opioids were prescribed. Second, some participants described alcohol as a preferred pain management strategy. Third, participants held a range of beliefs about the risks and benefits of alcohol and opioid co-use.

Conclusions
Appropriate assessment of beliefs and intentions regarding opioid and alcohol use could help identify patients most vulnerable to new opioid problems and unhealthy alcohol use in the context of perioperative surgical pain. These findings have important implications for perioperative pain management.
Superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) and antioxidant poly(ester amide) hybrid hydrogel for enhanced wound healing
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Hu Junfei , Chen Baoshu , Zhao Tianbao , Gu Zhipeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wound healing dressing is increasingly needed in clinical owing to the large quantity of skin damage annually. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through internal or external environmental influences can lead to lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, and even DNA damage, and ultimately have harmful effects on cells. Aiming to sufficiently contact with the wound microenvironment and scavenge ROS, superabsorbent poly (acrylic acid) and antioxidant poly (ester amide) (PAA/PEA) hybrid hydrogel has been developed to enhance wound healing. The physical and chemical properties of hybrid hydrogels were studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectrum, compression, swelling, degradation, etc. Besides, the antioxidant properties of hybrid hydrogels can be investigated through the free radical scavenging experiment, and corresponding antioxidant indicators have been tested at the cellular level. Hybrid hydrogel scaffolds supported the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fibroblasts, as well as accelerated angiogenesis and skin regeneration in wounds. The healing properties of wounds in vivo were further assessed on mouse skin wounds. Results showed that PAA/PEA hybrid hydrogel scaffolds significantly accelerated the wound healing process through enhancing granulation formation and re-epithelialization. In summary, these superabsorbent and antioxidative hybrid hydrogels could be served as an excellent wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing.
Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of Seahorses, Dragonets, Goatfishes, and Allies (Teleostei: Syngnatharia): Assessing Factors Driving Uncertainty in Biogeographic Inferences
Authors: Santaquiteria Aintzane , Siqueira Alexandre C , Duarte-Ribeiro Emanuell , Carnevale Giorgio , White William T , Pogonoski John J , Baldwin Carole C , Ortí Guillermo , Arcila Dahiana , Ricardo Betancur-R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe charismatic trumpetfishes, goatfishes, dragonets, flying gurnards, seahorses, and pipefishes encompass a recently defined yet extraordinarily diverse clade of percomorph fishes—the series Syngnatharia. This group is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, with a great proportion of its extant diversity occurring in the Indo-Pacific. Because most syngnatharians feature long-range dispersal capabilities, tracing their biogeographic origins is challenging. Here, we applied an integrative phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary biogeography of syngnatharians. We built upon a recently published phylogenomic study that examined ultraconserved elements by adding 62 species (total 169 species) and one family (Draconettidae), to cover ca. 25% of the species diversity and all 10 families in the group. We inferred a set of time-calibrated trees and conducted ancestral range estimations. We also examined the sensitivity of these analyses to phylogenetic uncertainty (estimated from multiple genomic subsets), area delimitation, and biogeographic models that include or exclude the jump-dispersal parameter ($j)$. Of the three factors examined, we found that the $j$ parameter has the strongest effect in ancestral range estimates, followed by number of areas defined, and tree topology and divergence times. After accounting for these uncertainties, our results reveal that syngnatharians originated in the ancient Tethys Sea ca. 87 Ma (84–94 Ma; Late Cretaceous) and subsequently occupied the Indo-Pacific. Throughout syngnatharian history, multiple independent lineages colonized the eastern Pacific (6–8 times) and the Atlantic (6–14 times) from their center of origin, with most events taking place following an east-to-west route prior to the closure of the Tethys Seaway ca. 12–18 Ma. Ultimately, our study highlights the importance of accounting for different factors generating uncertainty in macroevolutionary and biogeographic inferences.[Historical biogeography; jump-dispersal parameter; macroevolutionary uncertainty; marine fishes; syngnathiformes; ultraconserved elements].
CE: Providing Care for Caregivers During COVID-19
Authors: Morales Crystal , Brown Mary-Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:
Care for the Caregiver is a peer-to-peer program that provides support and guidance to clinicians who have experienced an unexpected and emotionally distressing event. Its development was preceded by communication and resolution programs that were endorsed by the Joint Commission in 2001, subsequently introduced at several U.S. medical centers, and in 2009 were incorporated within demonstration projects funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. In August 2014, the authors introduced the Care for the Caregiver program across the MedStar Health System, which includes seven hospitals in Maryland and three in the District of Columbia. Here, they describe how the program was initially conceived and structured—and how it evolved in response to the current pandemic.
CE: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Shields Kerry , Atlas Kristin , Farber Jessica Strohm , Lebet Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the health of children worldwide. Although overall mortality from COVID-19 in children remains low, an associated multisystem inflammatory disorder has emerged. The disorder has been recognized and named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This comprehensive review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, other potential diagnoses, and treatments relevant to MIS-C. The review also includes patient and family education and anticipatory guidance, and discusses nursing implications for nurses working in various roles and settings, including direct care, research, and public health.
Biologics in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chan Susan 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Until recently there have been limited options for systemic therapy in atopic dermatitis, which is unresponsive to topical treatments. However, the last few years have seen a rapid progression in this field. The purpose of this review is to summarise some of the recent literature and ongoing studies in the field of biologicals in atopic dermatitis.

Recent findings
Dupilumab has been shown to be effective in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and is now licensed in the USA and Europe. Tralokinumab is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines agency. Phase 2 and 3 studies are taking place with other biological therapies. There is increasing evidence for the use of biologicals in children and for their role in multisystem disease.

Summary
The recent breakthroughs in treatment represent an opportunity to resolve an unmet need; the management of atopic dermatitis which is unresponsive to topical therapy.
Opioid-related Emergency Department Visits During COVID-19 in a Large Health System
Authors: Hall Gavin T. , Cruz Daniel S. , Lank Patrick M. , McCarthy Danielle M. , Kim Howard S. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Multiple states have reported increases in opioid overdose deaths during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however little is known about opioid-related presentations to the emergency department (ED).

Methods:
This was a time series analysis of visits to 7 EDs in greater Chicago, Illinois from October 20, 2019 to July 25, 2020. We compared the number of ED visits for opioid-related diagnoses in the time period preceding the World Health Organization pandemic declaration (prepandemic period, October 20, 2019–July 3, 2020) to the time period following the World Health Organization declaration (pandemic period, March 8, 2020 to July 25, 2020) using a single-group interrupted time series analysis with Newey-West standard errors. We also present data on alcohol-related ED visits for comparison.

Results:
We evaluated a total of 177,405 visits across the 7 EDs during the study period. The mean number of weekly ED visits in the prepandemic and pandemic periods was 4841 and 4029 weekly visits, respectively. In the interrupted time series analysis, there was no significant immediate effect of the pandemic start on opioid-related ED visits (−0.44 visits per 1000 ED visits, 95% CI −2.47 to 1.58, P = 0.66), however, there was a significant immediate effect of the pandemic start on alcohol-related ED visits (−4.1, 95% CI: −8.25 to −0.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Despite reductions in overall ED visit volumes and alcohol-related visits during COVID-19, the number of opioid-related visits was not significantly reduced during the early pandemic. These data reinforce the need to provide comprehensive treatment services for opioid use disorder during the co-occurring COVID-19 and opioid crises.
LIM domain only 1: an oncogenic transcription cofactor contributing to the tumorigenesis of multiple cancer types
Authors: Zhao Guo-Fa , Du Li-Qin , Zhang Lei , Jia You-Chao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The LIM domain only 1 (LMO1) gene belongs to the LMO family of genes that encodes a group of transcriptional cofactors. This group of transcriptional cofactors regulates gene transcription by acting as a key “connector” or “scaffold” in transcription complexes. All LMOs, including LMO1, are important players in the process of tumorigenesis. Unique biological features of LMO1 distinct from other LMO members, such as its tissue-specific expression patterns, interacting proteins, and transcriptional targets, have been increasingly recognized. Studies indicated that LMO1 plays a critical oncogenic role in various types of cancers, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying such functions of LMO1 have also been investigated, but they are currently far from being fully elucidated. Here, we focus on reviewing the current findings on the role of LMO1 in tumorigenesis, the mechanisms of its oncogenic action, and the mechanisms that drive its aberrant activation in cancers. We also briefly review its roles in the development process and non-cancer diseases. Finally, we discuss the remaining questions and future investigations required for promoting the translation of laboratory findings to clinical applications, including cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Health Impact and Cost-effectiveness Assessment for the Introduction of Universal Varicella Vaccination in Switzerland
Authors: Heininger Ulrich , Pillsbury Matthew , Samant Salome , Lienert Florian , Guggisberg Patrik , Gani Ray , O’Brien Elliott , Pawaskar Manjiri 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Varicella, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a highly contagious infectious disease with substantial health and economic burden to society. Universal varicella vaccination (UVV) is not yet recommended by the Swiss National Immunization Program, which instead recommends catch-up immunization for children, adolescents and adults 11–40 years of age who have no reliable history of varicella or are varicella-zoster virus-IgG seronegative. The objective of this study was to perform an assessment of health impact and cost-effectiveness comparing UVV with current practice and recommendations in Switzerland.

Methods:
A dynamic transmission model for varicella was adapted to Switzerland comparing 2 base-case schedules (no infant vaccination and 10% coverage with infant vaccination) to 3 different UVV schedules using quadrivalent (varicella vaccine combined with measles-mumps-rubella) and standalone varicella vaccines administered at different ages. Modeled UVV coverage rates were based on current measles-mumps-rubella coverage of approximately 95% (first dose) and 90% (second dose). Direct medical costs and societal perspectives were considered, with cost and outcomes discounted and calculated over a 50-year time horizon.

Results:
UVV would reduce the number of varicella cases by 88%–90%, hospitalizations by 62%–69% and deaths by 75%–77%. UVV would increase direct medical costs by Swiss Franc (CHF) 39–49 (US $43–54) per capita and costs from a societal perspective by CHF 32–40 (US $35–44). Incremental quality-adjusted life-years per capita increased by 0.0012–0.0014. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the UVV schedules versus the base-case were CHF 31,194–35,403 (US $34,452–39,100) per quality-adjusted life-year from the direct medical cost perspective and CHF 25,245–29,552 (US $27,881–32,638) from the societal perspective.

Conclusions:
UVV appears highly effective and cost-effective when compared with current clinical practice and recommendations in Switzerland from both a direct medical costs perspective and societal perspective.
High Rates of Antibiotic Nonsusceptibility in Gram-negative Urinary Tract Infection in Children With Risk Factors Occurring in the Preceding Month
Authors: Hain Gavriel , Goldbart Aviv , Sagi Orli , Ben-Shimol Shalom 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Choosing an empiric treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs) requires epidemiologic data on antibiotic nonsusceptibility (ANS) rates, and risk factors for UTI and ANS in the individual patient. We assessed ANS in community-acquired UTI, and its association with risk factors exposure (previous antibiotic treatment, UTI and hospital visit) <1 month or 1–11 months before the current UTI episode.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, cohort study. Children <2 years with hospital visits and a positive urine culture obtained <48 hours from hospital admission whose culture yielded Gram-negative bacteria during the years 2015–2016, were included.

Results:
Of the overall 744 episodes, 80% were Escherichia coli. Overall ANS rates were 66% for ampicillin; 27%–29% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporins (indicating extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; 14% for nitrofurantoin; 5%–6% for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam; and <1% for meropenem and amikacin. Higher ANS rates were associated with Bedouin (vs. Jewish) ethnicity, exposure to risk factors <1 month, and to a lesser extent during the 1–11 months before the studied UTI episode. In episodes with risk factors <1 month, ANS rates were 81% for ampicillin; 47%–58% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporins and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; 19% for nitrofurantoin; 12%–23% for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam; and 2% for meropenem and amikacin.

Conclusions:
Previous antibiotic treatment, hospital admission and UTI, especially <1 month before the current episode, and Bedouin ethnicity, were all associated with high rates of ANS. These findings are important and may assist the treating physician in choosing an adequate empiric treatment for UTI.
Longitudinal study of early adaptation to the coronavirus disease pandemic among youth with chronic pain and their parents: effects of direct exposures and economic stress
Authors: Law Emily F. , Zhou Chuan , Seung Fiona , Perry Frankie , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused prolonged disruptions in daily life for many communities. Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of youth with chronic pain and their families. We conducted a longitudinal, mixed-methods study to characterize early adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic among 250 families of youth (ages 12-21 years) diagnosed with chronic headache (64%) or other chronic pain conditions (36%) and to determine whether direct exposures to COVID-19 and secondary economic stress modified symptom trajectories. Youth and parents reported on pain interference, anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms at 4 waves of data collection from April 2020 to July 2020. We also collected qualitative data on the impact of the pandemic on the youth's pain problem. Nearly half of our sample (49.6%) experienced direct exposures to COVID-19. Secondary economic stress was also common, affecting 44.4% of families. Symptom trajectories for pain, insomnia, depression, and anxiety remained stable or improved for most participants, indicating adaptive adjustment. However, overall symptom burden was high with persistent and clinically elevated depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms common among youth and parents. Direct exposures to COVID-19 did not modify symptom trajectories. However, youth pain interference and parent insomnia worsened in families who experienced secondary economic stress. Qualitative data revealed perceived benefits and harms from school closures on the youth's pain problem. Our findings of high symptom burden suggest that pediatric pain clinicians should offer distance assessment and treatment (eg, through telemedicine) to avoid pandemic-related disruptions in pain care.
A Comparison of Instructional Methods on Clinical Reasoning in Entry-Level Physical Therapy Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kobal Kara L. , Rubertone Patricia P. , Kelly Stephanie Piper , Finley Margaret 
Published: April 2021

Introduction.
The primary aim of this study was to provide a comparison of the effects of 2 commonly used pedagogical approaches (paper-based case studies vs authentic patient experiences) on clinical reasoning and critical thinking of second-year entry-level physical therapy students.
Current literature reveals a lack of consistency in how clinical reasoning is taught and assessed in physical therapist education. There is a need for evidence-based approaches to develop clinical reasoning in entry-level physical therapy students in the United States.

Subjects.
Twenty-three students in their second year of a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree program participated in this study.

Methods.
Participants were randomly assigned to a control group or to receive 1 of 2 supplemental learning activities (paper-based case studies or authentic patient experiences). Outcomes measured preintervention and postintervention included the Health Science Reasoning Test with Numeracy (HSRT-N) and the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reasoning and Reflection (SACRR). Data analysis included a comparison of effect sizes of change scores between groups and correlational analysis of pretest scores and student factors.

Results.
Authentic patient experiences demonstrated a moderate to large effect size for improved HSRT-N scores on 5 of 8 subscales, compared with paper-based case studies. Authentic patient experiences demonstrated a moderate effect size for improved SACRR scores compared with the control group.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The use of authentic patient experiences may be more effective than paper-based case studies for improving critical thinking and clinical reasoning in an entry-level DPT curriculum.
Physiological responses to carbohydrate overfeeding
Authors: Walhin Jean-Philippe , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
To consider emerging research into the physiological effects of excessive dietary carbohydrate intake, with a particular focus on interactions with physical activity.

Recent findings
A single episode of massive carbohydrate overload initiates physiological responses to stimulate additional peptide hormone secretion by the gut and the conversion of carbohydrate into lipid by the intestine, liver and adipose tissue. These acute responses maintain glycaemic control both via increased oxidation of carbohydrate (rather than lipid) and via nonoxidative disposal of surplus carbohydrate into endogenous glycogen and lipid storage depots. Sustained carbohydrate overfeeding therefore results in a chronic accumulation of lipid in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which can impair insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic health in general. Beyond any direct effect of such lipid deposition on body mass/composition, there is not yet clear evidence of physiologically meaningful metabolic or behavioural adaptations to carbohydrate overfeeding in terms of other components of energy balance. However, regular physical exercise can mitigate the negative health effects of carbohydrate overfeeding, independent of any effect on the net carbohydrate surplus.

Summary
Research in this area has advanced understanding regarding the mechanisms of weight gain and associated health outcomes within the modern context of an abundant supply of dietary carbohydrate.
Ketogenic diet therapy in Alzheimer's disease: an updated review
Authors: Lilamand Matthieu , Mouton-Liger François , Paquet Claire 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Ketogenic diets (KD) are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Their interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested, because ketone bodies may reduce neuroinflammation, improve neurotransmitters transport pathway, synaptic maintenance, and reduce brain β-amyloid deposition. In this updated review, we aimed at critically examining the evidence of the past 2 years regarding KD or ketogenic supplements (KS) on cognitive and biological/neuropathological outcomes. We conducted our search in preclinical studies (animal models of AD) or in humans with or without cognitive impairment.

Recent findings
Overall, 12 studies were included: four in animal models of AD and eight in humans. In preclinical studies, we found additional evidence for a decrease in cerebral inflammation as well as in specific features of AD: β-amyloid, aggregates of tau protein under KD/KS. Several AD mouse models experienced clinical improvements. Human studies reported significant cognitive benefits, improved brain metabolism and biomarkers change under KD/KS, despite rather short-term interventions. Adherence to KD or KS was acceptable with frequent, but minor gastrointestinal adverse effects.

Summary
The present review gathered additional evidence for both pathophysiological and clinical benefits of KS/KD in AD. Further studies are warranted with a biomarker-based selection of AD participants and long-term follow-up.