bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity, Mortality, and Placental Pathology in Excessively Long Umbilical Cords: Retrospective Study
Authors: Baergen Rebecca N. , Malicki Denise , Behling Cynthia , Benirschke Kurt 
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare specific fetal, maternal, and placental factors, including neonatal morbidity and mortality, in infants with umbilical cords (UCs) of normal length to the same factors in infants with excessively long umbilical cords (ELUCs). We performed an 18-year retrospective chart review of the medical records of mothers and infants with ELUCs (926 cases) and normal-length UCs (200 cases) and recorded maternal factors, fetal factors, and neonatal outcomes. Corresponding placental pathologic reports and slides were reviewed. Statistical analysis comparing the two groups included univariate and multivariate analyses. ELUCs were significantly associated with certain maternal factors (systemic diseases, delivery complications, increased maternal age), fetal factors (non-reassuring fetal status, respiratory distress, vertex presentation, cord entanglement, fetal anomalies, male sex, increased birth weight), gross placental features (increased placental weight, right-twisted cords, markedly twisted cords, true knots, congestion), and microscopic placental features (nucleated red blood cells, chorangiosis, vascular thrombi, vascular cushions, meconium, increased syncytial knots, single umbilical artery). Some of these histopathologic features have previously been associated with fetal hypoxia and/or altered blood flow in the placenta. Infants with ELUCs were found to be at a significantly increased risk of brain imaging abnormalities and/or abnormal neurological follow-up. In addition, mothers with a history of an ELUC are at increased risk of a second long cord.
Hepatic Subcapsular Hematomas in Fetuses and Neonatal Infants
Authors: Singer Don B. , Neave Charles , Oyer Calvin E. , Pinar Halit 
Published: July 2002

In fetuses and neonates hepatic subcapsular hematomas are relatively common lesions and may be life-threatening. Conditions previously associated with these hematomas include trauma, coagulopathies, hypoxia, sepsis, pneumothorax, maternal diseases, and placental lesions. In this study of 755 perinatal autopsies, hepatic subcapsular hematomas were found in 52 (6.9%) cases, including 31 stillborn fetuses and 21 liveborn infants. The average body weight was 690 g. A comparison group consisted of 52 temporally proximal autopsies of fetuses and neonates without hematomas. Body weights, gender, maternal age, and stillbirth or postnatal survival were matched as closely as possible while evaluating the presence or absence of sepsis, pneumothorax, cerebral germinal matrix hemorrhage, trauma, coagulopathy, placental lesions, and maternal diseases. Sepsis was associated with 62% of the cases with hepatic subcapsular hematomas and with 25% of the comparison group ( P = .0001). Group B streptococcus infection was the most common cause of sepsis, but many different organisms were isolated. Cerebral germinal matrix hemorrhages were present in 35% of the cases with hematomas and in 14% of the comparison group ( P = .0001). No other lesions or conditions were statistically different in the study group versus the comparison group. The delicacy of the hepatic capsule and its connections to the collagen along the sinusoids provide insight for the pathogenesis of hematomas in premature fetuses and neonates. We conclude that sepsis is present in most perinatal cases of hepatic subcapsular hematomas and that such patients also frequently have cerebral germinal matrix hemorrhages. Each of these lesions is a greater hazard among very small premature fetuses or neonates than among older fetuses and neonates.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Oculocutaneous Albinism Type I: Review and Personal Experience
Authors: Rosenmann Eliezer , Rosenmann Ada , Ne'eman Zvi , Lewin Aby , Bejarano-Achache Idit , Blumenfeld Anat 
Published: July 2002

Oculocutaneous albinism type I (OCA I) comprises autosomal recessive syndromes of hypopigmentation and low vision, caused by the lack of tyrosinase activity. Affected families seek genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis as preventive measures. Until recently, prenatal diagnosis of OCA I was achieved by histologic and electron microscopic examination of fetal skin biopsies. Lately, a molecular genetic approach has become possible by the identification of the two mutated copies of the TYR gene, coding the tyrosinase, in which over 60 mutations have been identified. We report here our experience in prenatal diagnosis of OCA I using the two strategies. Thirty-four prenatal tests were performed in fetuses at risk for OCA I. In 31 cases the diagnosis was made in fetal scalp biopsies using the histological approach. The microscopic observations revealed normal melanogenesis in 26 biopsies. Five albino fetuses were diagnosed by the demonstration of arrest of melanogenesis in early stages I and II. In three pregnancies, molecular genetic tests were performed on DNA extracted from amniocytes, using direct mutation analysis (in one), and complemented by linkage analysis (in two). One albino and two normally pigmented fetuses were diagnosed. The prenatal molecular genetic test can be applied to families when at least one mutation is diagnosed in the albino patient. The histological approach is applicable in all families at risk for OCA I.
Dilapan tent‐gemeprost regimen vs. combinations of extra‐amniotic Rivanol‐Laminaria/Lamicel and oxytocin for second trimester abortion
Authors: Bokström H. , Bryman I. , Norström A. , Platz‐Christensen J.‐J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare a new regimen for second trimester abortion using Dilapan and vaginal gemeprost suppositories with extra‐amniotic Rivanol instillation and oxytocin i.v. immediately or 16 h after instillation. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 153 women to analyze the induction‐abortion interval, the use of analgesics and the complication rate. Wilcoxon's rank sum test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean induction‐abortion interval was significantly shorter in the Dilapan‐gemeprost‐treated women than in the immediate or 16‐h Rivanol‐oxytocin‐treated women, 12.5 vs. 23.3 and 26.8 h, respectively. The 24‐h cumulative abortion rate was 91% in the former group vs. 49% and 61%, respectively. The use of analgesics was less frequent among the Dilapan‐gemeprost‐treated women, whereas the complication rate did not differ. Conclusions: The Dilapan‐gemeprost treatment was advantageous with respect to a shorter induction‐abortion interval and ease of handling. However a minority of women do not respond to this treatment and it is therefore necessary to employ alternative methods to complete the abortion in these cases.
The multi‐product multi‐constraint newsboy problem: Applications, formulation and solution
Authors: Lau Hon‐Shiang , Hing‐Ling Lau Amy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPractically all of the many earlier papers on the newsboy problem consider a single newsboy product with no capacity constraint. This paper points out the real‐world prevalence of the “multiple‐product multiple‐constraint newsboy problem”, i.e., the “newstand problem”. We present a formulation and a solution procedure for this newsstand problem. Our solutions procedure has been designed to efficiently handle the common situation where a large number of products are involved; this solution procedure is shown to be necessary for the practical solution of realistic newsstand problems.
Neuronal and non‐neuronal catechol‐O‐methyltransferase in primary cultures of rat brain cells
Authors: Karhunen T. , Tilgmann C. , Ulmanen I. , Panula P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrevious biochemical and histochemical studies have suggested that catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) is a predominantly glial enzyme in the brain. The aim of this work was to study its localization and molecular forms in primary cultures, where cell types can be easily distinguished with specific markers. COMT immunoreactivity was studied in primary astrocytic cultures from newborn rat cerebral cortex, and in neuronal cultures from rat brain from 18‐day‐old rat embryos using antisera against rat recombinant COMT made in guinea pig. Double‐staining studies with specific cell markers to distinguish astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were performed. COMT immunoreactivity colocalized with a specific oligodendrocyte marker galactocerebroside in cells displaying oligodendrocyte morphology, flat cells displaying type‐1 astrocyte morphology and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in branched cells displaying type‐2 astrocyte morphology and in cell bodies of neurons, the processes of which displayed neurofilament immunoreactivity. Western blots detected both soluble 24 kDa and membrane‐bound 28‐kDa COMT proteins in neuronal and astrocyte cultures. The results suggest that COMT is synthesized by cultured astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons.
Recognizing adolescents' ‘evolving capacities’ to exercise choice in reproductive healthcare
Authors: Cook R , Dickens B.M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAll countries (except Somalia and the USA) have adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which usually applies to individuals aged under 18 years. The Convention requires governments to ‘respect the responsibilities, rights and duties of parents [or others acting as parents] … in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child’. Many adolescents gain capacity to make decisions for themselves concerning reproductive and sexual health services, and to decide issues of confidentiality. Immature adolescents must be given usual protections. The Convention sets a legal limit on parental power to deny capable adolescents reproductive and sexual health services. The question whether an adolescent is a ‘mature minor’ must be decided by health service providers independently of parental judgment. The specific duties of government and health service providers to implement adolescent rights regarding their reproductive and sexual health needs are examined.
Predictive markers of pre‐eclampsia in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Paternoster D.M. , Stella A. , Mussap M. , Plebani M. , Gambaro G. , Grella P.V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of this work is to assess the most widespread methods currently proposed and two new markers for predicting the development of pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women with hypertension. Methods: The study involved 212 pregnant Caucasian women: 104 normotensive, 68 pregnancy‐induced hypertensive and 40 chronic hypertensive. Blood and urine were sampled between 28 and 30 weeks gestation. All 108 hypertensive pregnant women, at the time of sampling, demonstrated proteinuria below 0.3 g/24 h. The following laboratory tests were performed: fibronectin, antithrombin‐III, α‐1‐microglobulin, U–N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase, uric acid and albumin excretion rate. Student's t‐test, discriminant analysis and χ2 (chi‐square) test were used as statistical methods. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: After discriminating analysis, only three of the six variables analyzed were able to discriminate patients who would develop pre‐eclampsia from the remaining hypertensive pregnant women: microalbuminuria, uric acid and fibronectin (χ2=29.122, P<0.01). Conclusions: In agreement with previous studies, albumin excretion rate appeared to be the best predictive test for pre‐eclampsia in hypertensive pregnant women, giving a higher positive predictive value and specificity (87.5 and 98.9%, respectively).
The effect of location, strategy, and operations technology on hospital performance
Authors: Goldstein Susan Meyer , Ward Peter T , Leong G.Keong , Butler Timothy W 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHospitals in the US are faced with challenges in how to compete and remain viable in an increasingly competitive environment. Using data from a primary survey of hospitals and from various secondary sources, we investigate the incremental effects on hospital performance of location, strategy, and technology. We find that hospital location is significantly related to performance, but that a hospital’s choice of strategy can moderate the effect of location. Additionally, we find hospitals that invest more extensively in clinical technologies tend to be better performers regardless of location. Hospital size, measured as number of beds, captures the effects of location and technology investment in accounting for a major portion of hospital performance. While we cannot argue that larger is always better for hospitals, mergers, partnerships, and other forms of consolidation currently observed in the marketplace indicate that managers in the hospital industry understand the advantage of size.
The blow-up curve of solutions of mixed problems for semilinear wave equations with exponential nonlinearities in one space dimension, II
Authors: Godin Paul 
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we consider mixed problems with a timelike boundary derivative (or a Dirichlet) condition for semilinear wave equations with exponential nonlinearities in a quarter plane. The case when the boundary vector field is tangent to the characteristic which leaves the domain in the future is also considered. We show that solutions either are global or blow up on a

C^1

curve which is spacelike except at the point where it meets the boundary; at that point, it is tangent to the characteristic which leaves the domain in the future.

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous considérons des problèmes mixtes avec une condition au bord de type temps (ou de Dirichlet) pour des équations d’ondes semi-linéaires à non-linéarités exponentielles dans un quart de plan. Le cas où le champ de vecteurs au bord est tangent à la caractéristique qui quitte le domaine dans le futur est aussi considéré. Nous montrons que les solutions soit sont globales, soit explosent (au moins hors du bord) sur une courbe

C^1

qui est orientée d’espace sauf au point où elle rencontre le bord; en ce point, elle est tangente à la caractéristique qui quitte le domaine dans le futur.
On ε -optimal controls for state constraint problems
Authors: Ishii Hitoshi , Koike Shigeaki 
Published: July 2002

We present a method of constructing

ε

-optimal controls in the feedback form for state constraint problems.

Our method is as follows: We first find feedback laws directly from the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and an approximation of the value function by the inf-convolution. We then construct piece-wise constant controls so that corresponding cost functionals approximate the value function of state constraint problems.

Résumé

Nous présentons une méthode de construction de contrôles

ε

-optimaux pour des problèmes avec contraintes d’état.

Notre méthode est la suivant: Premièrement, nous trouvons des lois en feedback directement à partir de l’équation de Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman associée et d’une approximation de la fonction valuer par inf-convolution. Ensuite, nous construisons des contrôles constants par morceaux dont le coût approche la fonction valuer du problèmes avec contraintes d’état.
Null and approximate controllability for weakly blowing up semilinear heat equations
Authors: Fernández-Cara Enrique , Zuazua Enrique 
Published: July 2002

We consider the semilinear heat equation in a bounded domain of

ℝ^d

, with control on a subdomain and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that the system is null-controllable at any time provided a globally defined and bounded trajectory exists and the nonlinear term

f(y)

is such that

|f(s)|

grows slower than

|s|\log 3/2(1+|s|)

as

|s|→∞

. For instance, this condition is fulfilled by any function

f

growing at infinity like

|s|\log p(1+|s|)

with

1<p<3/2

(in this case, in the absence of control, blow-up occurs). We also prove that, for some functions

f

that behave at infinite like

|s|\log p(1+|s|)

with

p>2

, null controllability does not hold. The problem remains open when

f

behaves at infinity like

|s|\log p(1+|s|)

, with

3/2≤p≤2

. Results of the same kind are proved in the context of approximate controllability.

Résumé

On considère l’équation de la chaleur semilinéaire dans un domaine borné de

ℝ^d

, avec un contrôle à support dans un sous-domaine et avec des conditions de Dirichlet au bord. On démontre que, s’il existe une trajectoire bornée et globalement définie et le terme non linéaire

f(y)

est tel que

|f(s)|

croı̂t moins vite que

|s|\log 3/2(1+|s|)

quand

|s|→∞

, alors le système est exactement contrôlable à zéro dans un temps arbitrairement petit. Par exemple, cette condition sur

f

est satisfaite si

f(s)

croı̂t à l’infini comme

|s|\log 3/2(1+|s|)

avec

1<p<3/2

(dans ce cas, en absence de contrôle, on a explosion en temps fini). On démontre aussi que, pour tout

p>2

, on n’a pas la contrôlabilité exacte à zéro pour certaines fonctions

f

dont le comportement à l’infini est comme celui de

|s|\log p(1+|s|)

. Cette question reste ouverte lorsque

3/2≤p≤2

. Finalement, on démontre des résultats du même type dans le contexte de la contrôlabilité approchée.
Fluid-structure interaction: analysis of a 3-D compressible model
Authors: Flori Fabien , Orenga Pierre 
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we present an existence result of weak solutions for a three-dimensional problem of fluid-plate interaction in which we take into account the non linearity of the continuity equation. This non linearity does not allow, as is usually the case, to neglect the variations of the domain which leads us to study a problem defined on a time dependent domain.

Résumé
Dans ce papier, nous présentons un résultat d’existence de solutions faibles pour un problème de couplage fluide-plaque tridimensionnel dans lequel nous prenons en compte la non linéarité de l’équation de continuité. Cette non linéarité ne nous permet pas, comme c’est généralement le cas, de faire l’hypothèse de petites perturbations et de négliger les variations du domaine ce qui nous conduit à étudier un problème défini sur un domaine dépendant du temps.
A Glimm type functional for a special Jin–Xin relaxation model
Authors: Bianchini Stefano 
Published: July 2002

We consider a special case of the Jin–Xin relaxation systems

\tag{$\ast$}
u_t+v_x=0,\quad
v_t+\lambda^2 u_x=(F(u)-v)/ε .

We assume that the integral curves of the eigenvectors

r_i

of

DF(u)

are straight lines.

In this setting we prove that for every initial data

u,v

with sufficiently small total variation the solution

(u^ε,v^ε)

of (

\ast

) is well defined for all

t>0

, and its total variation satisfies a uniform bound, independent of

t,ε

. Moreover, as

ε

tends to

0^+

, the solutions

(u^ε,v^ε)

converge to a unique limit

(u(t),v(t))

:

u(t)

is the unique entropic solution of the corresponding hyperbolic system

u_t+F(u)_x=0

and

v(t,x)=F(u(t,x))

for all

t>0

, a.e.

x \in ℝ

.

The proofs rely on the introduction of a new functional for the solutions of (

\ast

), corresponding to the Glimm interaction potential for the approaching waves of different families.

Résumé
Nous considérons un cas special des systèmes de relaxation

\tag{$\ast$}
u_t+v_x=0,\quad
v_t+\lambda^2 u_x=(F(u)-v)/ε .

Nous supposons que les courbes intégrales des vecteurs propres

r_i

de

DF(u)

sont des droites.

Sous ces hypothèses, nous prouvons que pour chaques données initiales

u,v

avec une variation totale suffisamment petite la solution

(u^ε,v^ε)

de (

\ast

) est bien définie pour tout

t>0

, et sa variation totale satisfait une borne uniforme, indépendante de

t,ε

. De plus, quand

ε

tend vers

0^+

, les solutions

(u^ε,v^ε)

convergent vers une unique limite

(u(t),v(t))

:

u(t)

est l’unique solution entropique du système hyperbolique correspondant

u_t+F(u)_x=0

et

v(t,x)=F(u(t,x))

pour tout

t>0

, p.p.

x \in ℝ

. Les preuves sont basées sur l’introduction d’une nouvelle fonctionnelle pour les solutions de (

\ast

), correspondant au potential d’interaction de Glimm pour les vagues approchantes des différentes familles.
Existence of critical points for some noncoercive functionals
Authors: Arcoya David , Boccardo Lucio , Orsina Luigi 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study critical points problems for some integral functionals with principal part having degenerate coerciveness, whose model is

J\left(v\right) = \frac{1}{2}\int \limits_{\Omega }\frac{\left|\nabla v\right|^{2}}{\left(b\left(x\right) + \left|v\right|\right)^{2\alpha }} - \frac{1}{m}\int \limits_{\Omega }\left|v\right|^{m},\ v \in H_{0}^{1}\left(\Omega \right),

with

1<m<2(1−α)

. We will prove several existence and nonexistence results depending on different assumptions on both

m

and

α

.

Résumé
Dans cet article nous étudions les points critiques de certaines fonctionnelles intégrales dont la coercitivité de la partie pricipale est dégénérée dont le modele est

J\left(v\right) = \frac{1}{2}\int \limits_{\Omega }\frac{\left|\nabla v\right|^{2}}{\left(b\left(x\right) + \left|v\right|\right)^{2\alpha }} - \frac{1}{m}\int \limits_{\Omega }\left|v\right|^{m},\ v \in H_{0}^{1}\left(\Omega \right),

avec

1<m<2(1−α)

. Nous prouvons plusieurs résultats d’existence et de non existence suivant les hypotheses sur

m

et

α

.
Existence results for semilinear elliptic equations with small measure data
Authors: Grenon Nathalie 
Published: July 2002

We give a smallness condition on

|m|

, and

‖f‖_q

for the existence of a solution for the model problem:

−Δp_u=f(x)|u|^γ+mμ

with

u=0

on

∂Ω

, where

Ω

is a bounded open set of

ℝ^{N}

,

f\left(x\right) \in L^{q}\left(\Omega \right)

,

q⩾1

,

m \in ℝ

and

μ

is a Radon measure with bounded variation on

Ω

such that

\left|\mu \right|\left(\Omega \right) = 1

.

Résumé

Nous donnons une condition suffisante sur

|m|

, et

‖f‖_q

pour l'existence de solution au problème modèle :

−Δ_pu=f(x)|u|^γ+mμ

avec

u=0

sur

∂Ω

, où

Ω

est un ouvert borné de

ℝ^{N}

,

f(x)\in L^q(Ω)

,

q⩾1

,

m\in ℝ

et

μ

est une mesure de Radon à variation bornée sur

Ω

telle que

\left|\mu \right|\left(\Omega \right) = 1

.