bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis of simple overlap bonding joints and numerical investigation of the adhered tip geometry effect on the joint strength
Authors: Saraç İsmail 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out in two stages. In the first step, a numerical study was performed to verify the previous experimental study. In accordance with the previous experimental study data, single lap joints models were created using the ANSYS finite element analysis program. Then, nonlinear stress and failure analyses were performed by applying the failure loads obtained in the experimental study. The maximum stress theory was used to find finite element failure loads of the single lap joints models. As a result of the finite element analysis, an approximate 80 % agreement was found between experimental and numerical results. In the second step of the study, in order to increase the bond strength, different overlap end geometry models were produced and peel and shear stresses in the adhesive layer were compared according to the reference model. As a result of the analyses, significant strength increases were calculated according to the reference model. The strength increase in model 3 and model 5 was found to be 80 % and 67 %, respectively, relative to the reference model.
Multiresponsive carboxylated graphene oxide-grafted aptamer as a multifunctional nanocarrier for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and bioactive compounds in cancer therapy
Authors: Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Motlagh Najmeh Sadat Hosseini , Haghiralsadat Fateme , Jaliani Hossein Zarei , Tofighi Davood , Moradi Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo date, the use of nanocarriers has been developed in various fields, especially in cancer treatment. Graphene oxide (GO) is a novel drug delivery system that eagerly attracts the attention of many researchers due to its unique features. For the first time, a biocompatible AS1411 APT-GO-COOH was synthesized for the co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and herbal drugs. Here, a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) was targeted with aptamer-carboxylated graphene oxide (APT-CGO) containing anticancer drugs (curcumin (CUR) and doxorubicin (DOX)). The current study aimed to assess the anti-cancer effect of combination therapy, as well as target genes and proteins interfering in the development of gastric cancer. After attachment of APT to CGO, the drugs (CUR and DOX) were loaded on the carrier, establishing a co-delivery system. Then, physical characteristics, release profile, cytotoxicity assay, cellular uptake, expression rates of the genes (RB1, CDK2, AKT, and NF-KB) and proteins (RB1, CDK2), and the apoptosis rate were determined. The designed co-delivery system for the drugs (CUR and DOX) and APT showed a thermo- and pH-sensitive drug release behavior that successfully reduced the expression of CDK2, AKT, and NF-KB while it enhanced RB1 expression at the gene and protein levels. Also, APT-CGO-drugs were successfully targeted to the AGS cell line, leading to a highly inhibitory property against this cell line compared to CGO-drugs. It seems that the co-delivery of CUR and DOX along with APT as a targeting agent was more effective than CGO-drugs, suggesting a promising candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer. The results showed that this biofunctionalized nanocarrier could reduce the cytotoxicity of the drugs in normal cells and could increase efficiency.
A method for the optimal design of low-density polymer foam core sandwiches using FEA and multiobjective optimization of design variables
Authors: Uzay Çağrı , Acer Durmuş Can , Geren Necdet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, a generative method was introduced to determine the optimal design of low-density polymer foam core sandwiches using finite element analysis (FEA) and multi-objective optimization of design variables without needing experiments. The method was also assessed. The sandwich structures were designed based on woven plain carbon fiber fabrics, PVC foam core, and polymer epoxy matrix. The design variables are the core density (40, 48, 60 kg/m3) and the core thickness (16, 20, 25 mm). The sandwich configurations were subjected to FEA under the three-point bending (TPB) loads. The force-reaction curves obtained from FEA were compared to experimental data available in the literature. Excellent agreement was achieved between the experimental and FEA simulated results at the linear elastic region of the curves. Thus, it allowed predicting the bending stiffness of the sandwiches via TPB analysis. Besides, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the effects of parameters on sandwich mass and bending load capacity. Multi-objective optimization of design variables was also carried out according to the constructed mathematical models. The method provided in this study eases both designer’s and researcher’s work to obtain the optimal design variables without making costly experiments.
Diagnosis of Mechanical Properties with Instrumented Indentation Technique Using Multiple Pyramid Indenters
Authors: Okano Shigetaka , Mochizuki Masahito 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a semi-nondestructive method for diagnosing mechanical properties through an instrumented indentation technique using multiple pyramid indenters with different dihedral angles. In the developed method, an approximated true stress–true strain curve can be obtained from the plots of the representative stress–representative strain relation estimated for each of the four different pyramid indenters. A functional relation between the representative stress and the indentation load–depth curve was derived from dimension analysis using the π theorem. Then, specific values of constants in the functional equation were determined for each of the pyramid indenters using experimentally validated finite element analysis of the instrumented indentation test. Meanwhile, the representative strain levels were quantified according to the dihedral angle of the pyramid indenters. The developed method was applied to estimate the true stress–true strain curve of non- and prestrained steels. As a result, a small difference could be seen only in non-strained steel with Lüders strain, but the estimated results are nearly in agreement with those obtained by tensile tests. The approximated curves were also used to estimate yield stress and prestrain. The results showed that estimation accuracy of yield stress was better than that based on an empirical correlation with Vickers hardness, and the estimated values of prestrain were in good agreement with those actually introduced by tensile tests. It is expected that the developed multi-indenter method will become useful for semi-nondestructively diagnosing mechanical properties for steel.
Effect of immune drugs to treat acute viral nasopharyngitis
Authors: Bezrukova E. V. , Vorobeychikov E. V. , Konusova V. G. , Sosunov A. V. , Shamtsyan M. M. , Artyushkin S. A. , Simbirtsev A. S. 
Published: November 2021

The task in treating acute nasopharyngitis (ANP) deals with reducing the disease symptoms and the risk of complications. The lack of reliable antiviral drugs makes it important to search for appropriate medicines among other pharmacotherapeutic groups.The study involves a comparative analysis of the efficiency and estimates potential: the recombinant interferon α2b and the compound containing fungal β-D-glucans used in treat ANPThe studies involved patients with ANP from 18 to 55 years old. As many as 152 people were examined including the following: 38 were practically healthy people (group 1); and 114 patients wuth ANP: 38 people (group 2) was subject to a standard therapy (vasoconstrictor nasal drops, nasal cavity irrigation using 0.1% Miramistine solution, gargling using the Furacilin solution); forty people (group 3) were administered application of intranasal interferon α2b of 105IU, it was delivered with a spray into each nasal passage twice a day; 36 people (group 4) were administered an immunotropic drug containing β-D-glucans orally twice a day. The duration of drug administration lasted 7 days. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the ANP etiological factor. Concentrations of cytokines IL-1β, IL-1ra were estimated using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Clinical efficiency was assessed through score approach. The following symptoms were taken into account: general malaise, sore throat, character of nasal discharge, and the difficulty of nasal breathing. The results of the study were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. In 60.0% the nasal secretions of patients revealed RV. The distribution of cytokine concentrations in nasal secretions in group 1 indicated that the concentration of IL-1β was in the range of 20.0-25.0 pg/ml, and the concentration of IL-1ra was about 1250.0-2500.0 pg/ml. Developing ANP stimulated an increase in IL-1β concentration up to 30.0-70.0 pg/ml in nasal secretions of patients without affecting IL-1ra concentrations. On day 7 of treatment, the cytokine concentrations among the patients treated using the immunotropic drugs were the same as in the group of healthy individuals. There were no significant changes in cytokine production on day 7 in the group of patients undergoing the standard treatment. Application of proposed immunobiological medicines to ANP does not result in overproduction of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in nasal secretion. This confirms that these drugs are promising in the treating strategy including reduction of the risk of developing complications.
Immunobiological properties of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and synthetic peptides of his active center
Authors: Zurochka A. V. , Zurochka V. A. , Dobrynina M. A. , Gritsenko V. A. 
Published: November 2021

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belongs to the group of growth cytokines (hematopoietins) that regulate proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells. Recently, a lot of new data have accumulated, indicating the presence of a number of previously unknown biological effects in GM-CSF and synthetic peptides of its active center, which open up new prospects for their wide clinical use.The review outlines current understanding of the structure, functions, and mechanisms of GM-CSF action and concerns the structure of its receptor. The GM-CSF producer cells are characterized, as well as target cells (effector cells) responding to this cytokine are also presented. The known mechanisms of intracellular signaling involved into the GM-CSF/receptor interaction are described. The main pleiotropic effects of this cytokine as a factor of hematopoiesis and an immunostimulating agent are characterized. The previously known and recently found immunobiological effects of this cytokine, its recombinant forms and synthetic analogues of its active center are discussed.Participation of GM-CSF in hematopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid cells, the effects of this cytokine on the functional activity of immunocompetent populations (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and tissue cells were characterized. The influence of GM-CSF on the development and course of infectious and inflammatory processes, its role in the creation of combined vaccines is reviewed. Clinical data on usage of GM-CSF and its recombinant forms in hematology, immunology, oncology, reproductive medicine and in the treatment of systemic autoimmune processes and infectious diseases are presented.The recently discovered immunobiological properties of synthetic peptides derived from active center of GM-CSF are summarized, indicating that they exhibit immunotropic and hematopoietic effects, as well as antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viruses, and tissue repair (effect on the rate of wound healing), which is not typical to the whole GM-CSF molecule. We discuss the prospects for clinical applications of synthetic GM-CSF analogue (ZP2 peptide), and an opportunity of creating new cosmetics and pharmaceuticals with combined immunostimulating, antimicrobial and reparative properties on its basis.The review expands the view on potential usage of cytokine therapy in the treatment of various infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans, and is addressing a wide range of specialists working in the field of allergology and immunology, infectology and regenerative medicine.
Microbiological evaluation of meat sold in butcheries shop of Cheleleka town in anchar woreda, West Harerge, Oromia, Ethiopia Western Ethiopia
Authors: Wazir Shafi Mustefa 
Published: November 2021

Food borne infections and disease are a main international health problem with consequent economic loss and deaths. Meat is considered the most vital source of proteins consumed by humans, so far, most perishable. For highly consumable foodstuffs such as fresh red meat, the hazard of food poisoning is mainly high since it contains all the nutrients that support bacterial growth. The objective of the study was evaluated bacteriological meat quality sold in shops of Cheleleka town in west harerge zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Samples of kitfo and gored-gored were collected from five different meat shops. The microbial quality of raw meat sold in five most popular meat shops in the of Cheleleka Town was determined to ascertain its safety. The meat samples were taken from Genet, Wondu, Ayichuluhum, Alemayehu, and Kamil shops. A total of 10 raw meat samples were collected in two successive visits. Raw samples from Ayichuluhum had the highest mean total aerobic bacterial count of 3.3 × 106 cfu/g for kitfo and 2.8 x 106 cfu/g for gored-gored. The lowest counts were obtained from Genet (7.8 × 105 cfu/g and 7 x 105 cfu/g) for Kitifo and Gored-gored were recorded respectively. The highest mean fecal counts (2.0 × 106 cfu/g for kitfo and 1.7 × 106 cfu/g for gored-gored) were obtained also from Ayichuluhum shop. From Genet shop was seen the lowest fecal coliform bacterial counts of 4.3 × 105 cfu/g for Kitifo and 4 × 105 cfu/g for gored-gored. Bacterial species isolated from the samples were mostly Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive spherical bacteria in clumps. Some Gram-negative rods were also seen some of which may be fecal coliforms. The high bacteria count and diversity of bacterial isolates from the samples tested is an indication of its low bacteriological quality, and this can make it a potential source of food infection.
The study of prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare workes in tertiary care hospital, Navi Mumbai
Authors: Choudhury Debapriya Das , Sonawane Jyoti P , Chowdhary Abhay 
Published: November 2021

Needlestick injuries (NSIs) as defined by accidentally puncture the skin by needles. The occupational exposures to NSIs are considered to be much higher in the developing world and multiple risk factors eg. improper use of protective equipment (like failure to use suitable-sized gloves), working in surgical or intensive care units, insufficient work experience, young age, needle recapping, unsuitable needle disposal, intravenous cannulation may contribute to NSIs. To determine the occurrence/ prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSIs) among healthcare workers working in a tertiary care hospital and the factors responsible for NSIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among HCws in the hospital over a period of one year Jan 2020-December 2020. Nursing staffs are most frequently reported NSI. Among the groups, most common cause of NSIs was found to be recapping of needle followed by cleaning, HGT and procedure. The most common cause of NSI among housekeeping staffs found to be needle lying on the floor and accidental mixing of sharp biomedical waste with other waste. The HCWs from critical care unit eg. ICUs are the most commonly reported NSIs HCWs are always at high risk of attaining NSIs. The nursing staffs followed are the most vulnerable group who gets the sharp/NSI and require extra attention. As a preventive measures regular training and education of nursing staffs and all other categories of health care workers to be ensured in healthcare settings.
Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis associated with COVID-19: An observational study
Authors: Jadhav Bhagyashri , Patwardhan Neeta 
Published: November 2021

Respiratory Viral infections predispose patients to various coinfections and this may lead to enhanced disease severity and mortality. Despite the proven importance of co-infections, these are understudied during the large outbreaks of respiratory infections. Occurrence of invasive fungal respiratory superinfections in patients with COVID-19 has gained increasing attention recently. This study aims to assess Clinical & Microbiological profile of patients with invasive sinusitis in setting of COVID-19 disease at our institute Study Design: A retrospective observational study. Study included patients diagnosed with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) suffering from or having a history of coronavirus disease infection over the period of three months.(April 21 – June 21). The patients’ presentation details, imaging findings, co-morbidities, management details, and follow-up information were obtained, recorded and analysed. A total of 32 patients with AIFR with a mean age of 54.46±13.13 years old were included. Most common associated disease was diabetes mellitus (62.5%). Mycological analysis revealed most common fungi isolated from these patients were Mucor species.(56.25%) followed by Aspergillus species(15.62%) while coinfection with both of these species was seen in 5 patients.(15.62%) Candida species was isolated from samples of 4 patients (12.5%). Radiological studies of nose and paranasal sinuses showed that ethmoid (62.5%) and maxillary (46.87%) sinuses being the most commonly affected sinuses followed by Frontal (31.25%) and sphenoid (21.87%) sinuses. Peri-orbital invasion was seen in 5 (15.62%) cases whereas intracranial involvement was seen in 1 patient.(3.12%) In 8 (25%) patients only medical line of treatment was sufficient whereas 20 (62.5%) patients required surgical debridement during the treatment. 4 patients were lost to follow up. Overall survival was 90.62% (29/32) at the conclusion of the study. We are still learning the new and long-term complications of COVID- 19.The puzzle still remains unsolved about the cause and increased prevalence of invasive fungal infections in post-covid-19 population. High clinical suspicion and early and accurate diagnosis of AIFR in COVID-19 patients are essential for better prognosis.
Bacteriological Profile and antibiogram of isolates from tracheal secretions of patients in an intensive care unit
Authors: M.S.S Pradeep , Saritha Y , Bhavani Balla N. V. D. , Begum Mohammed Nazia , Rao K Vishnuvardhan 
Published: November 2021

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as an infection in patients admitted in hospital for more than 48hours, and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) can be defined as infection occurring in patients admitted in ICU after 48hrs endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. VAP has a mean of 7.3/1000 ventilator days for medical ICU patients and 13.2/1000 ventilator days for surgical ICU patients. The crude mortality rates for HAP are approximately 10% and are higher for VAP, ranging from 20% to 60%. The culture of endotracheal (ET) aspirates will help know the etiological agent and formulate the antibiotic policy for early treatment. To isolate the bacterial pathogens of ET secretions from patients with VAP and know their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. In the present study, out of 102 endotracheal secretions from cases of VAP, 88 samples (86.27%) were culture positive, and the remaining 14 samples (13.73%) were culture negative. Out of the 88 positive cultures, 62 samples (60.78%) showed growth of single isolates, and 26 samples (25.49%) showed multiple isolates. Out of the 114 isolates, 18 isolates (15.8%) were gram positive organisms, and 96 isolates (84.2%) were gram negative organisms. Of the gram positive isolates, the predominant organism was Methicillin resistant (MRSA) (55.56%), followed by Methicillin sensitive (MSSA) (22.22%) and (22.22%). Out of the gram negative isolates, the predominant organism was (36.46%), followed by Acinetobacter spp (25%), (23.96%), (12.5%), (1.04%), and Proteus mirabilis (1.04%). In the present study, Gram positives isolates showed the highest susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid (100%), and gram negative isolates showed the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B (100%) and meropenem (47.92%). The study gives insight into the bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates from endotracheal secretions of mechanically ventilated patients to prevent the mortality and morbidity of mechanical ventilation and VAP, helping in formulating an antibiotic policy for appropriate empirical therapy.
Początki Instytutu Nafty i Gazu – historia dziewięćdziesięciu lat rozwoju
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Lubaś Jan 
Published: November 2021

Artykuł przedstawia atmosferę i okoliczności, jakie towarzyszyły powstaniu i rozwojowi Instytutu Naftowego w Polsce. Projekt powołania Polskiego Instytutu Naftowego zgłoszono w 1927 roku na I Zjeździe Naftowym. Został on podjęty przez Izbę Pracodawców w Przemyśle Naftowym, gdy w 1931 roku w Krośnie założono Instytut Przemysłu Naftowego – chociaż jego działalność obejmowała tereny Zachodniego Zagłębia Naftowego. Pracę Instytutu przerwały lata wojny, w roku 1944 decyzją Państwowego Urzędu Naftowego powołano Instytut Naftowy, zlokalizowany w tym samym miejscu co przedwojenny Instytut Przemysłu Naftowego. Do czasów współczesnych historia Instytutu Nafty i Gazu nie nawiązywała do jednostki badawczej założonej w 1931 roku i rozpoczynano ją od przełomu lat 1944/1945, tzn. od listopadowej decyzji Państwowego Urzędu Naftowego. Autor w prezentowanym artykule przedstawia związki obu jednostek, ich podobną tematykę badawczą, pierwotnie ten sam zasięg i miejsce działania. Upoważnia to do sugestii, że pomimo przerwy w okresie wojennym jest to tożsama jednostka badawcza, a historia jej działalności powinna być liczona od roku 1931. W publikacji przywołano nazwiska i biografię trzech naftowców, którzy mieli szczególny udział w powstaniu i restytucji Instytutu, a mianowicie: Ludwika Stockera, przewodniczącego Izby Pracodawców w Przemyśle Naftowym i inicjatora powstania Instytutu; inż. Augusta Nieniewskiego, geologa i żołnierza, pierwszego kierownika nowo powstałego Instytutu; a także prof. Józefa Wojnara, założyciela powojennego Instytutu, a z perspektywy lat współczesnych – odnowiciela jego działalności. W dalszej części publikacji przedstawiono kolejne zmiany organizacyjne i strukturalne Instytutu, rozwój jego bazy zasobowej, infrastruktury badawczej i kadrowej. Kończący się „wiek nafty” stawia przed Instytutem przełomowe wyzwania z zakresu niskoemisyjnej i odnawialnej transformacji energetycznej.