bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders among homeless people
Authors: Ayano Getinet , Belete Asmare , Duko Bereket , Tsegay Light , Dachew Berihun Assefa 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesDatabases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people.Eligibility criteriaOriginal epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people.Data extraction and synthesisA random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from individual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies.ResultsForty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people (<25 years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people (>50 years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years).ConclusionThis review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
Occupational socioeconomic risk associations for head and neck cancer in Europe and South America: individual participant data analysis of pooled case–control studies within the INHANCE Consortium
Authors: Conway David I , Hovanec Jan , Ahrens Wolfgang , Ross Alastair , Holcatova Ivana , Lagiou Pagona , Serraino Diego , Canova Cristina , Richiardi Lorenzo , Healy Claire , Kjaerheim Kristina , Macfarlane Gary J , Thomson Peter , Agudo Antonio , Znaor Ariana , Brennan Paul , Luce Danièle , Menvielle Gwenn , Stucker Isabelle , Benhamou Simone , Ramroth Heribert , Boffetta Paolo , Vilensky Marta , Fernandez Leticia , Curado Maria Paula , Menezes Ana , Daudt Alexander , Koifman Rosalina , Wunsch-Filho Victor , Yuan-Chin Amy Lee , Hashibe Mia , Behrens Thomas , McMahon Alex D 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe association between socioeconomic disadvantage (low education and/or income) and head and neck cancer is well established, with smoking and alcohol consumption explaining up to three-quarters of the risk. We aimed to investigate the nature of and explanations for head and neck cancer risk associated with occupational socioeconomic prestige (a perceptual measure of psychosocial status), occupational socioeconomic position and manual-work experience, and to assess the potential explanatory role of occupational exposures.MethodsPooled analysis included 5818 patients with head and neck cancer (and 7326 control participants) from five studies in Europe and South America. Lifetime job histories were coded to: (1) occupational social prestige—Treiman’s Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale (SIOPS); (2) occupational socioeconomic position—International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI); and (3) manual/non-manual jobs.ResultsFor the longest held job, adjusting for smoking, alcohol and nature of occupation, increased head and neck cancer risk estimates were observed for low SIOPS OR=1.88 (95% CI: 1.64 to 2.17), low ISEI OR=1.74 (95% CI: 1.51 to 1.99) and manual occupations OR=1.49 (95% CI: 1.35 to 1.64). Following mutual adjustment by socioeconomic exposures, risk associated with low SIOPS remained OR=1.59 (95% CI: 1.30 to 1.94).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that low occupational socioeconomic prestige, position and manual work are associated with head and neck cancer, and such risks are only partly explained by smoking, alcohol and occupational exposures. Perceptual occupational psychosocial status (SIOPS) appears to be the strongest socioeconomic factor, relative to socioeconomic position and manual/non-manual work.
Downstream testing after CT coronary angiography: time for a rethink?
Authors: Morgan-Hughes Gareth , Williams Michelle Claire , Loudon Margaret , Roobottom Carl A , Veitch Alice , Van Lingen Robin , Holloway Ben , Bellenger Nicholas , Schmitt Matthias , Bull Russel 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveWe surveyed UK practice and compliance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) ‘recent-onset chest pain’ guidance (Clinical Guideline 95, 2016) as a service quality initiative. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility and efficacy of CT coronary angiography (CTCA), NICE-guided investigation compliance, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) use and revascularisation.MethodsA prospective analysis was conducted in nine UK centres between January 2018 and March 2020. The reporter decided whether the CTCA was diagnostic. Coronary artery disease was recorded with the Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS). Local electronic records and picture archiving/communication systems were used to collect data regarding functional testing, ICA and revascularisation. Duplication of coronary angiography without revascularisation was taken as a surrogate for ICA overuse.Results5293 patients (mean age, 57±12 years; body mass index, 29±6 kg/m²; 50% men) underwent CTCA, with a 96% diagnostic scan rate. 618 (12%) underwent ICA, of which 48% (298/618) did not receive revascularisation. 3886 (73%) had CAD-RADS 0–2, with 1% (35/3886) undergoing ICA, of which 94% (33/35) received ICA as a second-line test. 547 (10%) had CAD-RADS 3, with 23% (125/547) undergoing ICA, of which 88% (110/125) chose ICA as a second-line test, with 26% (33/125) leading to revascularisation. For 552 (10%) CAD-RADS 4 and 91 (2%) CAD-RADS 5 patients, ICA revascularisation rates were 64% (221/345) and 74% (46/62), respectively.ConclusionsWhile CTCA for recent-onset chest pain assessment has been shown to be a robust test, which negates the need for further investigation in three-quarters of patients, subsequent ICA overuse remains with almost half of these procedures not leading to revascularisation.
Arterial and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: a study-level meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Boun Kim , Mainbourg Sabine , Friggeri Arnaud , Bertoletti Laurent , Douplat Marion , Dargaud Yesim , Grange Claire , Lobbes Hervé , Provencher Steeve , Lega Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of venous thromboembolic event (VTE) and arterial thromboembolic event (ATE) thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, we systematically searched for observational studies describing the prevalence of VTE and ATE in COVID-19 up to 30 September 2020.ResultsWe analysed findings from 102 studies (64 503 patients). The frequency of COVID-19-related VTE was 14.7% (95% CI 12.1% to 17.6%, I2=94%; 56 studies; 16 507 patients). The overall prevalence rates of pulmonary embolism (PE) and leg deep vein thrombosis were 7.8% (95% CI 6.2% to 9.4%, I2=94%; 66 studies; 23 117 patients) and 11.2% (95% CI 8.4% to 14.3%, I2=95%; 48 studies; 13 824 patients), respectively. Few were isolated subsegmental PE. The VTE prevalence was significantly higher in intensive care unit (ICU) (23.2%, 95% CI 17.5% to 29.6%, I2=92%, vs 9.0%, 95% CI 6.9% to 11.4%, I2=95%; pinteraction<0.0001) and in series systematically screening patients compared with series testing symptomatic patients (25.2% vs 12.7%, pinteraction=0.04). The frequency rates of overall ATE, acute coronary syndrome, stroke and other ATE were 3.9% (95% CI 2.0% to to 3.0%, I2=96%; 16 studies; 7939 patients), 1.6% (95% CI 1.0% to 2.2%, I2=93%; 27 studies; 40 597 patients) and 0.9% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.5%, I2=84%; 17 studies; 20 139 patients), respectively. Metaregression and subgroup analyses failed to explain heterogeneity of overall ATE. High heterogeneity limited the value of estimates.ConclusionsPatients admitted in the ICU for severe COVID-19 had a high risk of VTE. Conversely, further studies are needed to determine the specific effects of COVID-19 on the risk of ATE or VTE in less severe forms of the disease.
Photoproduction of strange hidden-charm and hidden-bottom states
Authors: Cao Xu , Dai Jian-Ping , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently BESIII collaboration discovered a charged strange hidden-charm state $$Z_{cs}$$

Z

cs

(3985) in the $$D_s^-D^{*0} + D_s^{*-}D^{0}$$

D
s
-

D

∗
0

+

D
s

∗
-

D
0

spectrum. A higher $$Z'_{cs}$$

Z

cs

′

state coupling to $${\bar{D}}_s^{*-}D^{*0}$$

D

¯

s

∗
-

D

∗
0

is expected by SU(3)-flavor symmetry, and their bottom partners are anticipated by heavy quark flavor symmetry. Here we study the photoproduction of these exotic states and investigate carefully the background from Pomeron exchange. Our results indicate that the maximal photoproduction cross section of strange partner is around 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the corresponding non-strange states. The possibility of searching for them in future electron-ion colliders (EIC) is briefly discussed.
Probing unified theories with reduced couplings at future hadron colliders
Authors: Heinemeyer S. , Kalinowski J. , Kotlarski W. , Mondragón M. , Patellis G. , Tracas N. , Zoupanos G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe search for renormalization group invariant relations among parameters to all orders in perturbation theory constitutes the basis of the reduction of couplings concept. Reduction of couplings can be achieved in certain $$N=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetric grand unified theories and few of them can become even finite at all loops. We review the basic idea, the tools that have been developed as well as the resulting theories in which successful reduction of couplings has been achieved so far. These include: (i) a reduced version of the minimal $$N = 1\ SU(5)$$

N
=
1

S
U
(
5
)

model, (ii) an all-loop finite $$N = 1\ SU(5)$$

N
=
1

S
U
(
5
)

model, (iii) a two-loop finite $$N = 1\ SU(3)^3$$

N
=
1

S
U

(
3
)

3

model and finally (vi) a reduced version of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In this paper we present a number of benchmark scenarios for each model and investigate their observability at existing and future hadron colliders. The heavy supersymmetric spectra featured by each of the above models are found to be beyond the reach of the 14 TeV HL-LHC. It is also found that the reduced version of the MSSM is already ruled out by the LHC searches for heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons. In turn the discovery potential of the 100 TeV FCC-hh is investigated and found that large parts of the predicted spectrum of these models can be tested, but the higher mass regions are beyond the reach even of the FCC-hh.
Combining feature selection and hybrid approach redefinition in handling class imbalance and overlapping for multi-class imbalanced
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Ongko Erianto , Risyani Yeni 
Published: February 2021

<span>In the classification process that contains class imbalance problems. In addition to the uneven distribution of instances which causes poor performance, overlapping problems also cause performance degradation. This paper proposes a method that combining feature selection and hybrid approach redefinition (HAR) method in handling class imbalance and overlapping for multi-class imbalanced. HAR was a hybrid ensembles method in handling class imbalance problem. The main contribution of this work is to produce a new method that can overcome the problem of class imbalance and overlapping in the multi-class imbalance problem. This method must be able to give better results in terms of classifier performance and overlap degrees in multi-class problems. This is achieved by improving an ensemble learning algorithm and a preprocessing technique in HAR <span>using minimizing overlapping selection under SMOTE (MOSS). MOSS was known as a very popular feature selection method in handling overlapping. To validate the accuracy of the proposed method, this research use augmented R-Value, Mean AUC, Mean F-Measure, Mean G-Mean, and Mean Precision. The performance of the model is evaluated against the hybrid method (MBP+CGE) as a popular method in handling class imbalance and overlapping for multi-class imbalanced. It is found that the proposed method is superior when subjected to classifier performance as indicate with better Mean AUC, F-Measure, G-Mean, and precision.</span></span>
Long‐Term Postpartum Cardiac Function and Its Association With Preeclampsia
Authors: deMartelly Victoria A. , Dreixler John , Tung Avery , Mueller Ariel , Heimberger Sarah , Fazal Abid A. , Naseem Heba , Lang Roberto , Kruse Eric , Yamat Megan , Granger Joey P. , Bakrania Bhavisha A. , Rodriguez‐Kovacs Javier , Rana Sarosh , Shahul Sajid 
Published: February 2021

Background
Preeclampsia is a prominent risk factor for long‐term development of cardiovascular disease. Although existing studies report a strong correlation between preeclampsia and heart failure, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. One possibility is the glycoprotein growth factor activin A. During pregnancy, elevated activin A levels are associated with impaired cardiac global longitudinal strain at 1 year, but whether these changes persist beyond 1 year is not known. We hypothesized that activin A levels would remain increased more than 1 year after a preeclamptic pregnancy and correlate with impaired cardiac function.

Methods and Results

To test our hypothesis, we performed echocardiograms and measured activin A levels in women approximately 10 years after an uncomplicated pregnancy (n=25) or a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (n=21). Compared with women with a previously normal pregnancy, women with preeclampsia had worse global longitudinal strain (−18.3% versus −21.3%,
P
=0.001), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (0.91 mm versus 0.80 mm,
P
=0.003), and interventricular septal thickness (0.96 mm versus 0.81 mm,
P
=0.0002). Women with preeclampsia also had higher levels of activin A (0.52 versus 0.37 ng/mL,
P
=0.02) and activin/follistatin‐like 3 ratio (0.03 versus 0.02,
P
=0.04). In a multivariable model, the relationship between activin A levels and worsening global longitudinal strain persisted after adjusting for age at enrollment, mean arterial pressure, race, and body mass index (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that both activin A levels and global longitudinal strain are elevated 10 years after a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. Future studies are needed to better understand the relationship between preeclampsia, activin A, and long‐term cardiac function.
Sex Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sotomi Yohei , Hikoso Shungo , Nakatani Daisaku , Mizuno Hiroya , Okada Katsuki , Dohi Tomoharu , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sunaga Akihiro , Kida Hirota , Oeun Bolrathanak , Sato Taiki , Komukai Sho , Tamaki Shunsuke , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Yasumura Yoshio , Yamada Takahisa , Sakata Yasushi ,   the PURSUIT‐HFpEF Investigators
Published: February 2021

Background
The female preponderance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a distinguishing feature of this disorder, but the association of sex with degree of diastolic dysfunction and clinical outcomes among individuals with HFpEF remains unclear.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of patients with HFpEF (PURSUIT‐HFpEF [Prospective Multicenter Observational Study of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction]: UMIN000021831). Between 2016 and 2019, 871 patients were enrolled from 26 hospitals (follow‐up: 399±349 days). We investigated sex‐related differences in diastolic dysfunction and postdischarge clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF. The echocardiographic end point was diastolic dysfunction according to American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria. The clinical end point was a composite of all‐cause death and heart failure readmission. Women accounted for 55.2% (481 patients) of the overall cohort. Compared with men, women were older and had lower prevalence rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Women had diastolic dysfunction more frequently than men (52.8% versus 32.0%,
P
<0.001). The incidence of the clinical end point did not differ between women and men (women 36.1/100 person‐years versus men 30.5/100 person‐years,
P
=0.336). Female sex was independently associated with the echocardiographic end point (adjusted odds ratio, 2.839; 95% CI, 1.884–4.278;
P
<0.001) and the clinical end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.143–2.070;
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
Female sex was independently associated with the presence of diastolic dysfunction and worse clinical outcomes in a cohort of elderly patients with HFpEF. Our results suggest that a sex‐specific approach is key to investigating the pathophysiology of HFpEF.

Registration

URL:
https://upload.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000021831.
The Progress and Convergence of the icc and R2P Norms in a Rules-Based Global Order
Authors: Bensouda Fatou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this contribution, the author reflects on the Forum topic ‘R2P 15 Years after the World Summit: Progress, Problems and Prospects’, and provides her perspective as Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (icc) on the correlation between R2P and the principles and goals of the icc Rome Statute, against the backdrop of increasing pressures on multilateralism and multilateral institutions.
R2P at 15: Reflections of a Policymaker
Authors: Holt Victoria K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was embraced at the World Summit 15 years ago, before nations and civil society had built the tools, knowledge and political endurance to implement its approach. Written by a policy researcher with R2P expertise who became a US diplomat involved in these issues, this piece reflects on the experience of the Obama administration’s efforts to bring US government focus to atrocity prevention. It considers what it got right, what it missed, and options for looking forward to address R2P in the decade ahead.
The Judicialisation of the Social License to Operate: Criteria for International Investment Law
Authors: Zúñiga Peralta Raúl F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Social License to Operate (SLO) is a non-legal term which has been widely conceptualised as meaning a particular set of interactions between investors and affected communities. Within the international investment law field, even though tribunals previously analysed situations of social conflict, the wording SLO had never been considered by an investment tribunal until Bear Creek Mining Corporation v Republic of Peru. This article argues that if the SLO of the investment is involved in a dispute, tribunals should thoroughly analyse the relationship between the investor and the affected community and establish (judicialise) a standard of review for the investor’s conduct which should only include those aspects of the relationship that might be considered as affecting or forming part of the national public interest. In addition, this article puts forth the criteria for the judicialisation of the SLO in investment disputes, drawing upon the Bear Creek scenario as relevant background.
The Gospel of Truth as the Gospel of the Saved Saviors
Authors: Magnusson Jörgen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, I present a new reading of the Gospel of Truth, Nag Hammadi Codex I.3. Although Gnostics often have been described as taking part in the Godhead, the consequences are understudied. According to my analysis, the knowers are not subordinated to, but on equal footing with the Savior. Here, I draw the attention to some gradual processes. The Savior understands more and develops in the encounter with the need of others, saved as well as not yet saved. Through mission and deepening insight, the knowers more and more actualize themselves as Saviors, thereby embodying divinity. The consequence of this is a gradual actualization of the godhead itself. As the knowers gradually are enlightened and their divine nature disclosed, the insight of the godhead accordingly evolves. Thus, mutuality is a key concept. The Saviors cannot actualize their own nature without first having been saved and then they need to save others. The godhead, Saviors and saved are interdependent. The godhead evolves into actualized divinity through the evolving enlightenment of all its parts. Thus, the daily-life encountering with others is of fundamental importance on all levels, from the individual to the cosmic.
Characteristics of Cold Air Outbreak events and associated Polar Mesoscale Cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic region
Authors: Terpstra Annick , Renfrew Ian A. , Sergeev Denis E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEquatorward excursions of cold polar air masses into ice-free regions, so-called Cold Air Outbreaks (CAO), are frequently accompanied by the development of severe mesoscale weather features. Focusing on two key regions, the Labrador Sea and the Greenland/Norwegian Sea, we apply objective detection for both CAO events and polar mesoscale cyclones to outline the temporal evolution of CAO events and quantify associated mesoscale cyclogenesis. We introduce a novel metric, the CAO-depth, which incorporates both the static stability and the temperature of the air mass. The large-scale atmospheric conditions during the onset of CAO events comprise a very cold upper level trough over the CAO region and a surface cyclone downstream. As the CAO matures, the cold air mass extends southeastward, accompanied by lower static stability and enhanced surface fluxes. Despite the nearly 20 degrees difference in latitude, CAO events over both regions exhibit similar evolution and characteristics including surface fluxes and thermodynamic structure. About 2/3rd of the identified CAO events are accompanied by polar mesoscale cyclogenesis, with the majority of mesoscale cyclones originating inside the cold air masses. Neither the duration nor the maturity of the CAO event seems relevant for mesoscale cyclogenesis. Mesoscale cyclogenesis conditions during CAO events over the Labrador Sea are warmer, moister, and exhibit stronger surface latent heat fluxes than their Norwegian Sea counterparts.