bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus around the world: National and subnational surveillance data from 12 countries
Authors: Staadegaard Lisa , Caini Saverio , Wangchuk Sonam , Thapa Binay , de Almeida Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira , de Carvalho Felipe Cotrim , Fasce Rodrigo A. , Bustos Patricia , Kyncl Jan , Novakova Ludmila , Caicedo Alfredo Bruno , de Mora Coloma Domenica Joseth , Meijer Adam , Hooiveld Mariëtte , Huang Q. Sue , Wood Tim , Guiomar Raquel , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Lee Vernon Jian Ming , Ang Li Wei , Cohen Cheryl , Moyes Jocelyn , Larrauri Amparo , Delgado‐Sanz Concepción , Demont Clarisse , Bangert Mathieu , Dückers Michel , van Summeren Jojanneke , Paget John 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections and have a major burden on society. For prevention and control to be deployed effectively, an improved understanding of the seasonality of RSV is necessary.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of RSV seasonality by examining the GERi multi‐country surveillance dataset.MethodsRSV seasons were included in the analysis if they contained ≥100 cases. Seasonality was determined using the “average annual percentage” method. Analyses were performed at a subnational level for the United States and Brazil.ResultsWe included 601 425 RSV cases from 12 countries. Most temperate countries experienced RSV epidemics in the winter, with a median duration of 10–21 weeks. Not all epidemics fit this pattern in a consistent manner, with some occurring later or in an irregular manner. More variation in timing was observed in (sub)tropical countries, and we found substantial differences in seasonality at a subnational level. No association was found between the timing of the epidemic and the dominant RSV subtype.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that geographical location or climatic characteristics cannot be used as a definitive predictor for the timing of RSV epidemics and highlight the need for (sub)national data collection and analysis.
Seeking help for peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis: Patients’ and families’ intentions and actions. A mixed methods study
Authors: Baillie Jessica , Gill Paul , Courtenay Molly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine patients’ and families’ help‐seeking intentions and actions when suspecting peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis.DesignA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, comprising a questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews.MethodsA questionnaire was designed, piloted and used with patients and family members (n=75) using peritoneal dialysis from six hospital sites in Wales and England. Questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A purposive sample of questionnaire participants (n=30) then took part in telephone or face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Interview data were analysed thematically. Data were collected between September 2017 and August 2018. Ethical and governance approvals were obtained; the study was reported on national research portfolios.ResultsThe quantitative data highlighted differences between participants’ knowledge of when they should seek help for suspected peritonitis and their actions when they subsequently experienced peritonitis. The interview data revealed the complexities involved with recognizing peritonitis, making the decision to seek help and accessing healthcare. Some participants struggled to recognize peritonitis when signs/symptoms started, leading to delays in deciding to seek help. Furthermore, some participants reported that they accessed help from renal or generic out‐of‐hours and were misadvised or misdiagnosed, delaying diagnosis and treatment. The data were integrated using conceptual analyses of help‐seeking behaviour and access to healthcare, which informs understanding of the complexity of seeking help in this context.ConclusionsThis study revealed differences between participants’ help‐seeking intentions and actions. Using the conceptual analyses of help‐seeking behaviour and access to healthcare informs understanding of the complexity of the help‐seeking process in this context. To safely use a home therapy, it is imperative that individuals recognize signs/symptoms of peritonitis, seek help promptly and are appropriately supported when they access healthcare. Further work is needed to examine how these individual and system changes can be enacted.
Association between adolescent oral contraceptive use and future major depressive disorder: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anderl Christine , de Wit Anouk E. , Giltay Erik J. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Chen Frances S. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBecause of the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and the devastating effects of depression both on an individual and a societal level, it is crucial to understand the nature of the previously reported relationship between OC use and depression risk. Insight into the impact of analytical choices on the association is important when interpreting available evidence. Hence, we examined the association between adolescent OC use and subsequent depression risk in early adulthood analyzing all theoretically justifiable models.MethodsData from the prospective cohort study TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, among women aged 13–25 years were used. Adolescent OC use (ages 16–19 years) was used as a predictor and major depressive disorder (MDD) in early adulthood (ages 20–25 years), as assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV oriented Lifetime Depression Assessment Self‐Report and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used as an outcome. A total of 818 analytical models were analyzed using Specification Curve Analysis in 534 adolescent OC users and 191 nonusers.ResultsOverall, there was an association of adolescent OC use and an episode of MDD in early adulthood [median odds ratio (OR)median = 1.41; ORmin = 1.08; ORmax = 2.18, p < .001], which was driven by the group of young women with no history of MDD (ORmedian = 1.72; ORmin = 1.21; ORmax = 2.18, p < .001).ConclusionsIn summary, adolescent OC use was associated with a small but robust increased risk for experiencing an episode of MDD, especially among women with no history of MDD in adolescence. Understanding the potential side effects of OCs will help women and their doctors to make informed choices when deciding among possible methods of birth control.
The value of dermoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium
Authors: Iorizzo M. , Starace M. , Di Altobrando A. , Alessandrini A. , Veneziano L. , Piraccini B.M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe non‐invasive examination of the nail unit using a dermoscope is known as onychoscopy. This technique has become increasingly appreciated to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of nail disorders, opening up a valuable second front with a potential to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. During a nail consultation, the nail unit should always be examined with the aid of a dermatoscope in all its components. The aim of this paper was to provide practical information about onychoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium, two components of the nail unit difficult to evaluate at naked eye and often forgotten, but of paramount importance.
Color interaction between resin composite layers: An overview
Authors: Ismail Eman Hani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveResin composite (RC) layering is increasingly popular in restorative dentistry. However, little is known regarding the color interaction between RC layers. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on color interaction between RC layers and its effect on the overall appearance of the double‐layer restoration.OverviewA literature review was conducted on theoretical and experimental in vitro studies that tested layered RC systems using different thicknesses. This article discusses specimen design, color measurement methods and devices, parameters defined as outcomes, and RC shades and systems used in the studies of double‐layered RC that were reviewed here. Relevant clinical findings and gaps that still exist in the literature were also highlighted.ConclusionsVarious methods to test layered RC were found in the literature. Each study had a unique design and provided valuable information on color interaction between the enamel and dentin layers that could be applied to clinical use. For more predictable esthetic outcomes, manufacturers could provide tailored recommendations specific for their RC systems, stating the recommended thickness and shade for each layer used in the RC layering technique.Clinical SignificanceWith increased variability in RC shades and manufacturers, it is often difficult to predict the final overall color of restoration with multiple layers. Advancing research on RC layering will help clinicians deliver the best customized restorative treatment tailored to the needs and expectations of their patients. Future research along these lines can enhance the efficiency of chair time and will increase the satisfaction of both clinicians and patients.
Mucormycosis and COVID‐19: An epidemic within a pandemic in India
Authors: Selarka Lav , Sharma Suktara , Saini Dinesh , Sharma Sanjay , Batra Amit , Waghmare Vishal T. , Dileep Pratibha , Patel Sanket , Shah Monarch , Parikh Tejas , Darji Prakash , Patel Amit , Goswami Gaurav , Shah Anand , Shah Sandeep , Lathiya Harsh , Shah Moksha , Sharma Pranita , Chopra Surabhi , Gupta Ankur , Jain Neha , Khan Erum , Sharma Vijay K. , Sharma Arvind K. , Chan Amanda C. Y. , Ong Jonathan J. Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImportanceCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) causes an immunosuppressed state and increases risk of secondary infections like mucormycosis. We evaluated clinical features, predisposing factors, diagnosis and outcomes for mucormycosis among patients with COVID‐19 infection.MethodsThis prospective, observational, multi‐centre study included 47 consecutive patients with mucormycosis, diagnosed during their course of COVID‐19 illness, between January 3 and March 27, 2021. Data regarding demography, underlying medical conditions, COVID‐19 illness and treatment were collected. Clinical presentations of mucormycosis, imaging and biochemical characteristics and outcome were recorded.ResultsOf the 2567 COVID‐19 patients admitted to 3 tertiary centres, 47 (1.8%) were diagnosed with mucormycosis. Mean age was 55 ± 12.8years, and majority suffered from diabetes mellitus (n = 36, 76.6%). Most were not COVID‐19 vaccinated (n = 31, 66.0%) and majority (n = 43, 91.5%) had developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, while 20 (42.6%) required invasive ventilation. All patients had received corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics while most (n = 37, 78.7%) received at least one anti‐viral medication. Mean time elapsed from COVID‐19 diagnosis to mucormycosis was 12.1 ± 4.6days. Eleven (23.4%) subjects succumbed to their disease, mostly (n = 8, 72.7%) within 7 days of diagnosis. Among the patients who died, 10 (90.9%) had pre‐existing diabetes mellitus, only 2 (18.2%) had received just one vaccine dose and all developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, requiring oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsMucormycosis can occur among COVID‐19 patients, especially with poor glycaemic control, widespread and injudicious use of corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics, and invasive ventilation. Owing to the high mortality, high index of suspicion is required to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment in high‐risk populations.
Imaging‐guided cardiac resynchronization therapy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Przybylowicz Ryle , Simpson Timothy F , Merrill Miranda , Osman Mohammed , Dalouk Khidir , Rahmouni Hind , Stecker Eric , Nazer Babak , Henrikson Charles A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong patients with heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction despite guideline directed medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is an effective technology to reverse LV remodeling. Given that a large portion of patients are non‐responders, alternatives to traditional LV‐lead placement have been explored. A promising alternative is image targeted placement of an LV‐lead to latest mechanically activated segment without scar.MethodsElectronic database search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement on clinical, echocardiographic, and functional outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The secondary outcomes included CRT responders, New York Heart Association (NYHA), 6‐minute walk test, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and ejection fraction (EF) changes.ResultsAnalysis included 4 RCTs of 691 patients with an average follow‐up of 2 years (age 69.5 ± 10.3 years, 76% males, 54% ischemic cardiomyopathy, 81% with NYHA classes III/IV, and EF of 24.4% ± 8). The most common site for LV‐lead paced segment was the anterolateral segment (45%) and at mid‐LV (49%). Compared with the control, imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement was associated with a significant reduction of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.40–0.88; p = .01), higher CRT responders (odd ratio [OR] = 2.10; p < .01), more NYHA improvements by ≥1 (OR = 1.89; p = .01), increased 6MWT (mean difference [MD] = 25.78 feet; p < .01), and lower MLHFQ (MD = ‐4.04; p = .04), without significant differences in the LVEF (p = .08).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing CRT, imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement was associated with improved clinical, echocardiographic, and functional status.
The association between caesarean and postnatal psychological distress: Effect modification by mental health history
Authors: Henderson Ian , Quenby Siobhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between mode of delivery and postnatal depression is uncertain. Mental health history may modify the association.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine whether the association between caesarean and postnatal psychological distress (PPD) differs according to long‐standing depression/anxiety.MethodsAnalysis of the UK‐based Millennium Cohort Study of women who gave birth 2000–2002 was carried out. The outcomes were PPD at 9 months by Rutter Malaise Inventory and actively treated physician‐diagnosed depression/severe anxiety at 3 years. The exposure was mode of delivery. Adjusted relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression. Effect modification according to long‐standing depression/anxiety was investigated multiplicatively and additively.ResultsWe included 15,936 women, of whom 2346 (13.4%, weighted) reported PPD. Women with long‐standing depression/anxiety were at 34% lower risk of PPD following elective caesarean, compared with vaginal birth: relative risk (RR) 4.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.76, 5.05), RR 3.25 (95% CI 2.23, 4.75) and RR 4.92 (95% CI 3.67, 6.59) for vaginal, elective and emergency caesarean births, respectively, with relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) −1.28 (95% CI −2.73, 0.16), ratio of RRs 0.66 (95% CI 0.42, 1.05). Women with long‐standing depression/anxiety were at greatest risk of later treatment following emergency caesarean, with RR 4.95 (95% CI 3.86, 6.34), RR 4.09 (95% CI 2.51, 6.65) and RR 6.74 (95% CI 4.87, 9.32), for vaginal, elective and emergency caesarean births, respectively; RERI 1.79 (95% CI −0.13, 3.71), ratio of RRs 1.36 (95% CI 0.94, 1.99); all RRs with reference to vaginal birth in the absence of long‐standing depression/anxiety. There was no evidence of a similar association between emergency caesarean and PPD nor elective caesarean and later treatment.ConclusionsWomen with long‐standing depression or anxiety who had elective caesarean had a lower risk of postnatal distress. When this group had emergency caesarean, there was greater risk of actively treated depression/anxiety at 3 years. These associations were not observed in women without long‐standing depression/anxiety.
Toward a Public Administration Theory of Felt Accountability
Authors: Overman Sjors , Schillemans Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe literature on public accountability is extensive but overwhelmingly focuses on accountability of organizations. Yet, accountability mechanisms can function properly only when individuals believe that they will be held accountable in the future. This article bridges that gap by translating and extending the psychological concept of “felt accountability” to the public administration scholarship. The particular context of accountability in public organizations requires us to integrate knowledge about (1) the diverse professional roles of public sector employees, (2) the saliency and authority of various and multiple account holders, and (3) the substance of the accountability demands. The current article integrates this contextual knowledge with an individual perspective on accountability. This effort represents an important contribution to public accountability literature, as it allows scholars to properly understand the consequences of psychological insights about accountability for the public sector, and to adequately translate psychological insights and recommendations to a public accountability context.
Evaluating the use of piezo manipulator, laser or their combination for blastocoel cavity puncture to improve cryopreservation outcomes of large equine embryos
Authors: Rajabi‐Toustani Reza , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Tsogtgerel Munkhtuul , Gao Yuanzhi , Canbo Li , Haneda Shingo , Cheong Soon Hon , Nambo Yasuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main difficulty of large equine embryo cryopreservation is the replacement of blastocoel fluid with cryoprotectant solution. The objective of this study was to improve the cryopreservation of large equine embryos with PMAP and/or LAP. Embryos were collected via the non‐surgical transcervical procedure and divided into three groups based on their size (A ≤ 300 µm, 300 µm<B < 700 µm and C ≥ 700 µm). Six embryos 233–1360 µm in diameter were punctured via piezo manipulator and/or laser pulse before cryopreservation. All embryos were cryopreserved on a Cryotop®. Frozen‐thawed embryos were cultured for 3h and transferred to the recipient mares. After one week, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Two of six embryos resulted in a positive pregnancy, the result of pregnancy in group A and B was positive, but in group C was negative, and further investigation is necessary for ≥700 µm embryos. The results showed laser‐assisted puncture could be helpful to extract blastocoel fluid and replace it with cryoprotectant. This is the first positive pregnancy report in laser puncture‐assisted frozen‐thawed equine embryo (>300 µm). However, more research is required to find the best method for embryos ≥700 µm.
Dissipative models of swell propagation across the Pacific
Authors: Zaug Camille R. , Carter John D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOcean swell plays an important role in the transport of energy across the ocean, yet its evolution is not well understood. In the late 1960s, the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation was derived as a simplified model for the propagation of ocean swell over large distances. More recently, a number of dissipative generalizations of the NLS equation based on a simple dissipation assumption have been proposed. These models have been shown to accurately model wave evolution in a laboratory setting, but their validity in modeling ocean swell has not previously been examined. We study the efficacy of the NLS equation and four of its generalizations in modeling the evolution of swell in the ocean. The dissipative models perform significantly better than conservative ones and are overall reasonable models for swell amplitudes, indicating dissipation is an important physical effect in ocean swell evolution. The nonlinear models did not outperform their linearizations, indicating linear models may be sufficient in modeling some aspects of ocean swell evolution over large distances.
Fabrication, Mechanics, and Reliability Analysis for Three-Dimensional Printed Lattice Designs
Authors: Kulkarni Nitin Nagesh , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Egan Paul F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for lattice structures has led to advances in diverse applications benefitting from mechanically efficient designs. Three-dimensional printed lattices are often used to carry loads, however, printing defects and inconsistencies potentially hinder performance. Here, we investigate the design, fabrication, mechanics, and reliability of lattices with repeating cubic unit cells using probabilistic analysis. Lattices were designed with 500 μm diameter beams and unit cell lengths from 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm. Designs were printed with stereolithography and had average beam diameters from 509 μm to 622 μm, thereby demonstrating a deviation from design intentions. Mechanical experiments were conducted and demonstrated an exponential increase in yield stress for lattice relative density that facilitated probabilistic failure analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated lattice mechanics were most sensitive to fluctuations for beam diameter (74%) and second to lattice yield stress (8%) for lattices with 1.6 mm unit cells, while lattices with smaller 1.0 mm unit cells were most sensitive to yield stress (48%) and second to beam diameter (43%). The methodological framework is generalizable to further 3D printed lattice systems, and findings provide new insights linking design, fabrication, mechanics, and reliability for improved system design that is crucial for engineers to consider as 3D printing becomes more widely adopted.
Conservative Confidence Interval Prediction in Fused Deposition Modeling Process With Linear Optimization Approach
Authors: Dey Arup , Yodo Nita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Regression models are widely used as data-driven methods for predicting a continuous target variable. From a set of input variables, regression models predict a deterministic point value for the target variable. But the deterministic point value prediction is not always sufficient because a target variable value often varies due to diverse sources of uncertainty. For instance, in the fused deposition modeling process, the inconsistent results of replications are associated with natural randomness, environmental condition, and noisy process parameters. The point value estimation is not sufficient to represent the variability in this kind of scenario. Instead of point estimation, the interval prediction of a target variable is more useful in this application. In this paper, linear optimization-based techniques are proposed to predict conservative confidence intervals for linear and polynomial regression models. Two linear optimization models, one for ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and the other for weighted least squares (WLS) regression, are proposed. The proposed methods are implemented on several datasets, including an experimental fused deposition modeling dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed method is useful for the fused deposition modeling process where the level of uncertainty or the lack of knowledge of uncertainty sources is high. The proposed method can also be leveraged to the Bayesian neural network (BNN), where the optimization techniques for interval prediction will be nonlinear optimization instead of linear optimization.