bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of knowledge and perceptions in relation to COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals during the first 40 days of national lockdown in India
Authors: Ansari Nazreen , Paul Jose , Prakash D’Lima Johnson , Parackal Senny Thomas , Thomas Deepak , Roy Jenny Susan 
Published: April 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) is an emerging, rapidly spreading disease which was first detected in December 2019 in China. This was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the WHO in January 2020. In connection with this, the Government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown on March 24, 2020 for 21 days initially, which was extended later.To assess the knowledge and perceptions in relation to COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals during the first 40 days of national lockdown in India.A web-based cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling design was used.The survey application Google forms was used for the study. A self-constructed 22-item questionnaire in English language was provided to the participants which required approximately 5 minutes to complete. SPSS version 24 was used.A chi square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables at significance level p&#60;0.05.Out of the 670 participants, 53% were females, 56.1% were aged 25-34 years, and more than half of them were post graduates. A significant proportion of dentists had a good knowledge of its incubation period (70.4%) and modes of transmission (61.8%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. Most participants predicted a change in post lockdown practice. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues unabated, there lies a greater responsibility with the dental professionals in India to educate themselves and the general population regarding the risks and preventive measures of COVID-19.
FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ REFLECTIONS ON THEIR SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL FUTURE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Buzdar Muhammad Ayub , Ikram Hamid , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of female university students about their social and educational careers and factors that may promote or hinder their efforts to achieve their targets.
Method: Mixed method research design was followed to achieve the research objectives. Three thousand female university students were selected following a multiphase sampling technique to participate in the close-ended questionnaire that was used to collect the quantitative data in the first phase of data collection. Forty female students were randomly selected from the already selected pool of students in the second phase of data collection. An interview schedule was used to collect qualitative data from these 40 students. The qualitative data were analyzed with the help of NVivo following a thematic analysis approach
Main Findings: The results showed that the female university students are ready to move forward in their education and contribute effectively in the social spheres of life. Various educational, social, academic, and financial factors that hinder achieving their goals are also identified.
Applications of the Study: The results help to make educational activities more systematic, modern, and target-oriented.
Novelty/Originality of the Study: The activity contributes to identifying solutions to problems that are associated with the female students’ empowerment and engagement in social and economic activities.
No Pipe Body Downgrades - Improved Corrosion Mitigation Coating System Provides Significant Operator Savings
Authors: Johnson Buck , Cappel Timothy , Elliott Greg , Sanclemente Leianne , Moore Greg , Tritz Noah , Brock James , Sewell Chuck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Tubulars used in completion and intervention riser applications are exposed to both the marine environment and corrosive oilfield chemicals, including salt-based completion brines. Eight years of field history from one company shows a loss of $24.3 million from pipe body downgrades due to corrosion and pitting in these salt-based environments.

Methods, Procedures, Process
This paper documents an extensive development effort spanning over eight years including: research of completion parameters and environments, evaluation of 18 potential external coating/salt neutralization products, multiple lab tests, field trials, as well as testing surface preparation methods, coating application, dry time and adhesion tests. The development of application procedures and construction of an external coating facility are discussed as are rig pipe washing systems and corrosion mitigation procedures.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The result is an improved corrosion mitigation coating system. A modified epoxy phenolic internal coating combined with a metallic-based, moisture-cure polyurethane encapsulating external coating. Since 2015, over 1,700,000 feet, 44,000 joints, of completion and intervention tubulars utilizing this system have been deployed with zero pipe body downgrades due to corrosion or pitting, and zero operational issues. In addition to reducing replacement cost and loss of capital, this system provides the ability for longer deployment of the pipe on a multiple well program reducing logistics costs.

Novel/Additive Information
Extensive research, testing, field trials, and successful field deployments have resulted in an improved corrosion mitigation coating system providing significant savings to operators. Pipe body downgrades due to pitting and corrosion have been eliminated. Improved corrosion resistance has allowed multiple-well deployments reducing shipping, inspection, and repair costs. Ultimately this results in longer life of the tubulars reducing total cost of ownership.
Effectively Managing Lessons Learned to Optimize Subsea Well Interventions
Authors: Oughton Evan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sharing knowledge enables employees, companies, and the broader industry to reflect on lessons learned from previous projects and increases confidence in predicting outcomes of future projects. The identification of how to become more efficient and how to measure improvements in efficiencies can be revealed when this process works efficiently. The author explores the concept of continuous improvement, by presenting newly developed processes and evaluating subsea intervention case histories in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
Knowledge sharing exercises can often be overlooked by companies urgently progressing through multiple projects. Best case scenario, lesson learned activities are completed in after action reviews, yielding the product of cumbersome spreadsheets, which can be easily misplaced or forgotten over time. Hess has developed an application for lessons learned, along with a structured process to maintain data quality. Recent interventions have both contributed to capturing new learnings and implementing those already identified into the planning phase of upcoming operations. Time and cost estimation accuracy and operational efficiency initiatives were then evaluated and compared to identify the true value of an effective lessons learned system.
Two coiled tubing (CT) interventions trialed Hess's new application and associated processes. The technical challenges of these projects were evaluated and compared to determine if effectively applying lessons learned could lead to continuous improvement. Observations demonstrated significant improvements to the accuracy of time and cost estimates along with enhanced operational performance, leading to time and cost savings. This practice has helped Hess to reduce the overall uncertainty typically associated with subsea well interventions and allowed for continuous improvement of well intervention performance.
This paper explores the concept and implementation of an effective system to manage lessons learned to achieve improved operational performance and efficiency. Implementing lessons learned and comparing similar projects, allows an engineer to measure precisely the improvement in efficiency. The paper concludes with the evaluation of the impact an industry wide knowledge sharing database could have, and the potential value it could provide to operators in the GOM region.
Choriocarcinoma Syndrome of Primary Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma after Lung Lobe Resection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Pei , Liu Zhenjun , Lu Song , Ji Juan , Li Xiuli , Zhao Qian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is extremely rare, especially in males. It is characterized by a poor response to therapy and shortened survival times. Here, we report a PPC case which was complicated by choriocarcinoma syndrome (CS) and a review of the literature.Case presentation: A 59-year-old man with 30-pack-year smoking history was referred to our hospital because of hemoptysis and chest pain. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and multiple metastases throughout the body. The patient underwent single-port thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lung upper lobe. Histological examinations verified the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Three days after the operation, the patient developed massive hemoptysis. A bronchoscopic examination showed bleeding from the bilateral main bronchus. Despite management in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient died two weeks after surgery. Conclusions: A rapid and correct diagnosis of PPC is necessary. When the patient has massive hemoptysis, we should be alert to the occurrence of CS. Surgery and modified chemotherapy, based on the physical condition of the patient, may currently be the best therapy for PPC.
Global warming levels control time of emergence of Antarctic ice loss
Authors: Lowry Daniel , Krapp Mario , Golledge Nicholas , Alevropolous-Borrill Alanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Of all the components of the global sea level budget, the future contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the most uncertain in sea level rise projections. Dynamic ice sheet model simulations show considerable overlap in the projected AIS sea level contribution under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and the timescale at which scenario-dependence will emerge is unclear. With historically-constrained ice-sheet simulations and a statistical emulator, we demonstrate that a high-emissions signature of the AIS sea level contribution will not unambiguously emerge from the wide potential range of low-emission sea level projections for over 100 years due to current limitations in our understanding in ice flow and sliding. However, the results also indicate that the total global warming that occurs over the 21st century controls the resulting long-term AIS sea level commitment, with multi-meter differences between the highest and lowest emissions scenarios in subsequent centuries.
Surgical outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients with preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Authors: Abuharb Mahmoud Yousef Ibrahim , Ran Dong , Jubing Zheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To summarise the surgical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock supported by preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods

Between May 2012 and August 2017, eight patients with cardiogenic shock, who were supported by ECMO, underwent emergency surgery; four of them had isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, three had coronary artery bypass grafting with mitral replacement, and one had mitral valve replacement with left ventricular posterior wall repair.

Results

All eight patients were successfully weaned off from ECMO after their surgeries. Postoperative ECMO time ranged from 6.8 to 228.0 hours, with a median of 68.4 hours. Two patients died postoperatively while another six survived. The follow up time for the six patients ranged from three to 66 months, whereby one of them died in the third month due to septicaemia. The remaining five patients survived with good cardiac function based on the NYHA classification.

Conclusion

ECMO is a vital bridge in the preparation of critically-ill patients for cardiac surgery. It is associated with acceptable outcomes among most of the patients.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies Improve the Clinical Pregnancy Outcome of Patients With AZFc Microdeletion
Authors: wang xiliang , Wang Yankun , hou kaibo , hao dongmei , zhang jinyan , tang chang , wei wei , fei jia , yu yuexin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMicrodeletions of AZF are the most common factor causing male infertility except Klinefelter syndrome. AZF patients are able to father babies through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the ICSI embryos for IVF can be scored based on morphological criteria. However, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate are unsatisfactory.ResultsHere, we investigated the outcomes of using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) in families with AZFc microdeletions. A total of 26 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were performed in 22 families, 25 ICSI cycles were performed, and 81 embryos underwent PGT-A. Among them, 48 were euploid embryos (23 females and 25 males), 30 were aneuploid embryos, and three embryos did not meet the quality control standards. Thirteen ICSI cycles with female euploid embryos and one ICSI cycle with male euploid embryos entered the stage of embryo implantation. Finally, the clinical pregnancy rate was 100% (14/14), and the live birth rate was 85.7% (12/14).ConclusionCompared with other published results, PGT-A increased the chance of fertility in AZFc microdeletion patients.
Delineation of freshwater zones in the shallow coastal aquifers of Ernakulam-Chettuva region, Central Kerala, India using electrical resistivity methods
Authors: P PRIJU C , Sushanth C M , P Vipin Balan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Freshwater zones in the shallow aquifers extending from Ernakulam to Chettuva region, central Kerala coast has been studied using electrical resistivity methods. Seasonal salinity patterns and hydrochemistry in the shallow aquifers in the region also has also been studied. The coastal zone is made up of shore parallel ridges and runnels formed by alternate marine trangressive and regressive events. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at 33 locations in the area extending from the beach to approximately up to 10 km from the shoreline. The subsurface lithology and freshwater layers in the aquifer system was delineated from the resistivity model. The saline zones are intervening with fresh water zones at different depths along the coast. The salinity in the aquifer system seems to be either due to brackish water ingress or paleo-salinity. 107 dug wells from the study area were also monitored during 2008–2010 period in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The water samples collected in the post-monsoon 2008 was analysed for the physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, temperature, EC, total alkalinity, salinity, turbidity, TDS, chloride (Cl−), total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−N and Fe2+. The pH of the water samples varied from 4.47–8.32 in the post-monsoon season and 3.5–9.21 in the pre-monsoon and 5.55–9.05 in the monsoon season. The EC values ranges from 58-4500 µ mhos/cm in the post-monsoon, 59-3753 µ mhos/cm in the pre-monsoon and 51-2637 µ mhos/cm in the monsoon season. TDS values ranges from 35-2700 mg/L in the post-monsoon, 38-21190 mg/L in the pre-monsoon and 32-1668 mg/L in the monsoon season. Hill-Piper diagram indicated Ca-HCO3 is the dominant water type followed by Na-Cl type and Na-HCO3 type. Other water types are Ca-Cl, Mg-HCO3, Mg-Cl, Ca-SO4 and MgSO4.
Gelsemium Low doses Increases Bioenergetics and Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Lejri Imane , Grimm Amandine , Trempat Pascal , Boujedaini Naoual , Eckert Anne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Gelsemium sempervirens (GS) is a traditional medicinal plant, described at ultra-low doses as a remedy for a variety of psychological and behavioral symptoms of anxiety and depression. Changes in neural plasticity have been shown to play a significant role in the onset and development of those mental illnesses. Mitochondria play an extremely important role in the central nervous system by being the main energy producer through the oxidative phosphorylation and being involved particularly in the regulation of cell survival or death, as well as synaptic plasticity. Neurite outgrowth is the differentiation process by which neurons establish synapses through the protrusion of neurons and their extension. Methods: Because the effects of GS dilutions on mitochondrial function and neuroplasticity remain elusive, we aimed to investigate whether a treatment with GS at low doses (centesimal dilutions, C) improved bioenergetics parameters such as ATP production, mitochondrial respiration as well as cellular glycolysis before to characterize its effects on neurite outgrowth. Nerve growth factor (NGF), which is known as a promotor of cell growth and survival, was used as a positive control. Results: Our results demonstrate that GS dilutions (3C and 5C) efficiently ameliorated the bioenergetics of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by increasing cellular ATP level and mitochondrial respiration as well as promoting the cell survival. In addition, GS dilutions significantly improved neurite extension in the 2D as well as 3D culture model after 3 days of treatment. 3C and 5C dilutions showed similar functional effects than those obtained with the positive control nerve growth factor (NGF). Conclusions: These findings indicate that GS dilutions modulate the mitochondrial bioenergetic phenotype and improve the neurite formation. The mitochondrial function improving properties of GS dilutions might represent one possible important pathway contributing to its neuroprotective effectiveness. Key words: Gelsemium dilutions, mitochondria, bioenergetics, neurite outgrowth.
Organ-specific genome diversity of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cleemput Jolien Van , Snippenberg Willem van , Lambrechts Laurens , Dendooven Amélie , D’Onofrio Valentino , Couck Liesbeth , Trypsteen Wim , Vanrusselt Jan , Theuns Sebastiaan , Vereecke Nick , Bosch Thierry van den , Lammens Martin , Driessen Ann , Achten Ruth , Bracke Ken , Broeck Wim Van Den , Thüsen Jan Von der , Nauwynck Hans , Dorpe Jo Van , Gerlo Sarah , Maes Piet , Cox Janneke , Vandekerckhove Linos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has gripped the world for over a year1,2. SARS-CoV-2 impacts people on a broad clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to severe respiratory and systemic manifestations resulting in death3. In addition, intra-host SARS-CoV-2 genomic plasticity periodically leads to emergence of new virus variants with higher transmission capacities4–6. Autopsy series have revealed several pathways to death in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory and multi-organ failure, and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in various organs besides the lungs7,8. However, these studies did not demonstrate the presence of infectious virus in extrapulmonary sites nor did they investigate viral intra-host evolution across multiple organs. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of thirteen postmortem COVID-19 cases that confirms two stages of fatal disease evolution based on disease duration and viral loads in lungs and plasma9. More importantly, the study is the first to provide proof of viremia and presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary organs of an immunocompromised patient, accompanied by tissue-specific patterns of genome diversity in organ-resident SARS-CoV-2 populations. In parallel, potentially more transmissible and virulent strains were detected in multiple organs, including identification of mutations N501Y, T1027I, and Y453F in spike (S) protein. These mutations are hallmarks of more contagious United Kingdom (lineage B.1.1.7), South African (lineage B.1.351), Brazilian (lineage P1 and B.1.1.248) or mink variants4,10. Our results provide novel insights about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and highlight that COVID-19 treatment and hygiene measures need to be tailored to specific needs of immunocompromised patients.
Detection of Blastocystis in Stool Isolates Using Different Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Darwish Buthaina , Aboualchamat Ghalia , Nahhas Samar Al 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Blastocystis is a parasite that inhabits human intestinalis. It is commonly identified in asymptomatic individuals, while its pathogenic role is underestimated. In Syria, studies on this parasite are very few, and it is not documented in the laboratory reports. The present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of three different diagnostic methods in the detection of Blastocystis among patients with no specific or clear symptoms. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 70 patients suffering from various gastrointestinal symptoms. All samples were examined microscopically using iodine staining smears, and after in vitro cultivation at 37°C for 48- 72 h using Jones' medium. Molecular detection of Blastocystis was determined by fragment amplification of the SSU rRNA gene using PCR. Results: Blastocystis was identified in: 49 cases (70%) by direct microscopic examination, in 60 isolate (85.7%) by in vitro culture and in 64 (91.4%) of cases using molecular detection. Comparative analysis revealed that the sensitivity of microscopic detection for Blastocystis was 73.4% while it was 90.6% for in vitro culture and 95.9 - 96.7% using PCR detection method. Blastocystis was found alone in 32 (65.3%) of cases, while co-infection was detected in 17 (34.7%) samples. Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the importance of considering Blastocystis in laboratory diagnosis. Molecular methods are recommended for screening clinical specimens for Blastocystis infection especially among individuals with no common particular symptoms. If not applicable, two different diagnostic techniques are required for accurate diagnose of this parasite.
The Cotton Ghplp2 Positively Regulates Plant Defense against Verticillium Dahliae by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yutao , Hu Xiaoqian , Jia Yujiao , Gao Linying , Pei Yakun , Ge Zhaoyue , Ge Xiaoyang , Li Fuguang , Hou Yuxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have nonspecific lipid acyl hydrolyze (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well elucidated. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense response against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) patatin-like protein gene GhPLP2. GhPLP2 expression was induced upon treatment with pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium xysporum, and signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized in the cell wall and plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants showed reduced resistance to V. dahliae infection, while overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to V. dahliae, with mild symptoms, decreased disease index, and fungal biomass. Hypersensitive response, callose deposition, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahlia elicitor were reduced in silenced cotton plants. GhPLP2-transgenic Arabidopsis had more accumulation of JA and JA synthesis precursor linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) than control plants. Consistently, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and jasmonic acid have decreased in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. Further, the gene expression of the JA signaling pathway is up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis and down-regulated in silenced cotton plants, respectively. These results showed that GhPLP2 is involved in plants' resistance to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activation of the JA signaling pathway.