bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oilseeds to biodiesel and renewable jet fuel: an overview of feedstock production, logistics, and conversion
Authors: Khanal Asmita , Shah Ajay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiesel and jet fuel contribute to ~22–27% and ~ 8–13% of the total energy used in the US transportation sector, producing ~25% and ~ 9% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from this sector, respectively. Biobased alternatives, such as biodiesel and renewable jet fuel (RJF) produced from oilseeds, have lower GHG emissions than their petroleum counterparts, are renewable in nature, and support energy security. Thus, the objective of this review was to analyze the information on different oilseed types and characteristics along with their production, harvest and post‐harvest operations; oilseeds conversion to biodiesel and RJF along with their properties and uses; and their cost and environmental status in the USA. More than 80% of the feedstock currently used for biodiesel production in the USA consists of edible oilseeds, including soybean, corn, and canola. Carinata and pennycress are inedible oilseeds that are promising feedstock for biodiesel and RJF production. The biodiesel and RJF produced from oilseeds have similar density, calorific value and cetane number while having lower acid value and sulfur content compared to their petroleum counterparts. At the current state of technology, the retail prices for biodiesel (B20) are 1.0–1.4 times, and RJF are 3–4 times higher than their petroleum counterparts. However, GHG emissions of oilseed‐based biodiesel and RJF are 37–92% and 32–121% lower than their petroleum counterparts, respectively. The economic competitiveness of oilseed‐based biofuels production and use could be improved by enhancing oilseed traits and optimizing field operations, which would further reduce the emissions from the transportation sector. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Experimental and clinical reports on anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects ofCurcuma longaand curcumin, an updated and comprehensive review
Authors: Memarzia Arghavan , Khazdair Mohammad R. , Behrouz Sepideh , Gholamnezhad Zahra , Jafarnezhad Maryam , Saadat Saeideh , Boskabady Mohammad H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCurcuma longa(C. longa) or turmeric is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, especially for treating inflammatory conditionsC. longaand its main constituent, curcumin (CUR), showed various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant and anti‐microbial properties. The updated knowledge of anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects ofC. longaand CUR is provided in this review article. Pharmacological effects ofC. longa, and CUR, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, were searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until September 2020. Various studies showed anti‐inflammatory effects ofC. longaand CUR, including decreased white blood cell, neutrophil, and eosinophil numbers, and its protective effects on serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as phospholipase A2 and total protein in different inflammatory disorders. The antioxidant effects ofC. longaand CUR were also reported in several studies. The plant extracts and CUR decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels but increased thiol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in oxidative stress conditions. Treatment withC. longaand CUR also improved immunoglobulin E (Ig)E, pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL)‐4, transforming growth factor‐beta, IL‐17, interferon‐gamma levels, and type 1/type 2 helper cells (Th1)/(Th2) ratio in conditions with disturbance in the immune system. ThereforeC. longaand CUR showed anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, indicating a potential therapeutic effect of the plant and its constituent, CUR, for treating of inflammatory, oxidative, and immune dysregulation disorders.
The stimulus control of local enclosures and barriers over head direction and place cell spatial firing
Authors: Smith Anna E. , Wood Emma R. , Dudchenko Paul A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveHead direction cell and place cell spatially tuned firing is often anchored to salient visual landmarks on the periphery of a recording environment. What is less well understood is whether structural features of an environment, such as orientation of a maze sub‐compartment or a polarizing barrier, can likewise control spatial firing.MethodWe recorded from 54 head direction cells in the medial entorhinal cortex and subicular region of male Lister Hooded rats while they explored an apparatus with four parallel or four radially arranged compartments (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, we recorded from 130 place cells (in Lister‐ and Long‐Evans Hooded rats) and 30 head direction cells with 90° rotations of a cue card and a barrier in a single environment (Experiment 2).ResultsWe found that head direction cells maintained a similar preferred firing direction across four separate maze compartments even when these faced different directions (Experiment 1). However, in an environment with a single compartment, we observed that both a barrier and a cue card exerted comparable amounts of stimulus control over head direction cells and place cells (Experiment 2).ConclusionThe maintenance of a stable directional orientation across maze compartments suggests that the head direction cell system has the capacity to provide a global directional reference that allows the animal to distinguish otherwise similar maze compartments based on the compartment's orientation. A barrier is, however, capable of controlling spatially tuned firing in an environment in which it is the sole polarizing feature.
Impact of diabetes on promoting the growth of breast cancer
Authors: Chou Ping‐Chieh , Choi Hyun Ho , Huang Yizhi , Fuentes‐Mattei Enrique , Velazquez‐Torres Guermarie , Zhang Fanmao , Phan Liem , Lee Jaehyuk , Shi Yanxia , Bankson James A. , Wu Yun , Wang Huamin , Zhao Ruiying , Yeung Sai‐Ching Jim , Lee Mong‐Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundType II diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a significant risk factor for cancers, including breast cancer. However, a proper diabetic breast cancer mouse model is not well‐established for treatment strategy design. Additionally, the precise diabetic signaling pathways that regulate cancer growth remain unresolved. In the present study, we established a suitable mouse model and demonstrated the pathogenic role of diabetes on breast cancer progression.MethodsWe successfully generated a transgenic mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (Her2+ or ERBB2) breast cancer with DM2 by crossing leptin receptor mutant (Leprdb/+) mice with MMTV‐ErbB2/neu) mice. The mouse models were administrated with antidiabetic drugs to assess the impacts of controlling DM2 in affecting tumor growth. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was employed to analyze the tumor metabolism.ResultsTreatment with metformin/rosiglitazone in MMTV‐ErbB2/Leprdb/db mouse model reduced serum insulin levels, prolonged overall survival, decreased cumulative tumor incidence, and inhibited tumor progression. Anti‐insulin resistance medications also inhibited glycolytic metabolism in tumors in vivo as indicated by the reduced metabolic flux of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate‐to‐lactate reaction. The tumor cells from MMTV‐ErbB2/Leprdb/db transgenic mice treated with metformin had reprogrammed metabolism by reducing levels of both oxygen consumption and lactate production. Metformin decreased the expression of Myc and pyruvate kinase isozyme 2 (PKM2), leading to metabolism reprogramming. Moreover, metformin attenuated the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway and altered adipokine profiles.ConclusionsMMTV‐ErbB2/Leprdb/db mouse model was able to recapitulate diabetic HER2+ human breast cancer. Additionally, our results defined the signaling pathways deregulated in HER2+ breast cancer under diabetic condition, which can be intervened by anti‐insulin resistance therapy.
Clinical significance of cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in 634 Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Yan Xuefen , Wang Lu , Jiang Lingxu , Luo Yingwan , Lin Peipei , Yang Wenli , Ren Yanling , Ma Liya , Zhou Xinping , Mei Chen , Ye Li , Xu Gaixiang , Xu Weilai , Yang Haiyang , Lu Chenxi , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the relevance of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities to clinical variables, including clinical and laboratory characteristics and prognosis in Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).MethodsA total of 634 consecutive patients diagnosed with MDS at The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2008 to May 2018 were retrospectively included in this study. All patients had evaluable cytogenetic analysis, and 425 patients had MDS‐related mutations sequencing.Results38.6% of patients displayed abnormal karyotypes. The most common cytogenetic abnormality was +8 (31%). Sole +8 was related to female (p = 0.002), hemoglobin >10 g/dL (p = 0.03), and <60 years old (p = 0.046). TP53 mutations were associated with complex karyotype (CK) (p < 0.001). DNMT3A mutations correlated with ‐Y (p = 0.01) whereas NRAS mutations correlated with 20q‐ (p = 0.04). The overall survival (OS) was significantly inferior in patients with +8 compared with those with normal karyotype (NK) (p = 0.003). However, the OS of sole +8 and +8 with one additional karyotypic abnormality was not different from NK (p = 0.16), but +8 with two or more abnormalities had a significantly shorter OS than +8 and +8 with one additional karyotypic abnormality (p = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, ≥60 years old, marrow blasts ≥5% and TP53 mutations were independent predictors for poor OS (p < 0.05), whereas SF3B1 mutations indicated better prognosis. Male IDH1 and IDH2 mutations and marrow blasts ≥5% were independent risk factors for worse leukemia free survival (LFS) (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn this population of Chinese patients, trisomy 8 is the most common karyotypic abnormality. Patients with +8 showed a poorer OS compared with patients with NK. Sole +8 and +8 with one additional karyotypic abnormality had similar OS with NK, whereas +8 with two or more abnormalities had a significantly shorter OS. DNMT3A mutations correlated with ‐Y and NRAS mutations correlated with 20q‐. TP53 mutations were associated with CK and had a poor OS. SF3B1 mutations indicated a favorable OS. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations independently indicated inferior LFS.
An immature inhibin‐α‐expressing subpopulation of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells is related to an unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Kusumoto Shinya , Kurashige Masako , Ohshima Kenji , Tahara Shinichiro , Matsui Takahiro , Nojima Satoshi , Hattori Satoshi , Morii Eiichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInhibin‐α, a member of transforming growth factor‐β, is elevated in multiple tumors, but its specific roles are poorly understood. Here, we examined the feature of inhibin‐α‐expressing cells in ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemically, inhibin‐α‐expressing tumor cells were detected only in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) among various types of ovarian tumors. By comparing the expression of inhibin‐α and Ki‐67, inhibin‐α‐expressing tumor cells were revealed to be less proliferative. When spheroids and chemoresistant cells were derived from OCCC cell lines, the expression level of inhibin‐α was elevated, and that of an immature marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase, was also elevated. In consistent with this, inhibin‐α expression was correlated with other immature markers, such as OCT3/4 and SOX2, and inversely correlated with proliferative marker MKI67 in public database on OCCC. Knockdown of inhibin‐α in OCCC cell decreased chemoresistance. Moreover, prognostic analysis with 69 surgically resected OCCC cases revealed that the increased inhibin‐α expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. These findings suggested that inhibin‐α‐expressing subpopulation of OCCC tumor cells appeared to be less proliferative, immature, and angiogenic and to be related to acceleration of malignant progression.
3,3‐Diethylene Di‐Sulfite (DES) as a High‐Voltage Electrolyte Additive for 4.5 V LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Graphite Batteries with Enhanced Performances
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Canhuang , Yang Tianxiang , Wang Wenlian , Lu Jing , Fan Weizhen , Zhao Xiaoyang , Zuo Xiaoxi , Tie Shaolong , Nan Junmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA functional electrolyte containing 3,3‐diethylene di‐sulfite (DES) additive is developed to improve the performances of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811)/graphite batteries, especially at high charging cut‐off voltage of 4.50 V. It is indicated that under the conventional conditions of 25 °C and 1 C after 300 cycles in the voltage range of 2.75–4.30 V, the batteries with 0.25 % DES can increase the maximum capacity retention from 66.61 % to 77.25 % initial discharge capacity compared with the batteries without DES. Especially, when the charge cut‐off voltage is increased to 4.50 V, the batteries with 1 % DES exhibit higher capacity retention (82.53 %) after 150 cycles than the batteries without DES (51.19 %). The electrochemical tests and spectroscopic characterization show that this functional DES electrolyte additive well regulates the anode and cathode interfaces with more stabilized films and smaller impedance, which promotes the interfacial extraction and insertion of Li+. In addition, the interfacial film can inhibit the dissolution of the transition metal element Ni from the cathode and protect the structure stability of NCM811 material. The electrolyte containing DES additive reveals promising prospects in the application of NCM811/graphite batteries.
Cellulosic wood fibre‐dual functional (Janus) mineral filler networks
Authors: Mirvakili Mehr Negar , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G. , Englezos Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of Janus silica and titanium dioxide fillers in wood fibre networks (handsheets) with 10, 20, and 40 wt% loading by filtration and layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition was demonstrated. The effect of filler's dual functionality on the wettability and water vapour transmission rate of handsheets loaded with the Janus fillers was investigated. Without silanization, the handsheets with silica filler are hydrophilic except when prepared by LBL and 40 wt% Janus silica filler. It was also found that silanization of the handsheets in conjunction with Janus fillers results in the formation of superhydrophobic handsheets with minimal liquid water absorption. Only the silanized handsheets prepared at 40 wt% Janus TiO2 filler loading were found to be hydrophobic. The lowest values of 231 and 237 g · m−2 · day−1 for the water vapour transmission rate was obtained for silanized handsheets with a Janus silica and titanium dioxide filler at 10 wt% loading, respectively.
Water Reducer: A Highly Dispersing Binder for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries†
Authors: Geng Xin , Lin Ruihao , Gu Xingxing , Su Zhi , Lai Chao 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionSulfur has been paid close attention by the research and manufacturing as a cathode material for lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSB) in recent decade because it has high specific capacity and low cost. But the low utilization of active materials and serious shuttle phenomenon inhibit its commercialization process. In this work, for the first time, water reducers are reported as multifunctional binders to address the above problems to enhance the performance of LSB. Due to the synthetic actions of the water reducer binder, such as highly dispersing effect and good chemical trapping function, commercial sulfur powders are directly used as cathodes, and much better electrochemical performance compared to using the conventional binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was obtained, among which the sulfur cathode with sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) water reducer binder exhibits a high reversible capacity of 625.5 mA·h·g–1 after 200 cycles at 1 C and the cathode with polycarboxylic acid (PC) water reducer binder even demonstrates a high area specific capacity of 5 mA·h·cm–2 at high sulfur loading of 5 mg·cm–2. These low‐cost water reducers are a promising binder for LSB in the future.
A Cost‐Effective D‐A‐D Type Hole‐Transport Material Enabling 20% Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells†
Authors: Huang Jiachen , Yang Jie , Sun Huiliang , Feng Kui , Liao Qiaogan , Li Bolin , Yan He , Guo Xugang 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionHigh‐performance, cost‐effective hole‐transport materials (HTMs) are greatly desired for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, two new HTMs, TPA‐FO and TPA‐PDO, are devised and synthesized, which have a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type molecule design featuring carbonyl group‐functionalized arenes as the acceptor (A) units. The carbonyl group at the central core of HTMs can not only tune frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels and surface wettability, but also can enable efficient surface passivation effects, resulting in reduced recombination loss. When employed as HTMs in inverted PVSCs without using dopant, TPA‐FO with one carbonyl group yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.24%, which is among the highest values reported in the inverted PVSCs with dopant‐free HTMs. More importantly, the facile one‐step synthetic process enables a low cost of 30 USD g–1 for TPA‐FO, much cheaper than the most studied HTMs used for high‐efficiency dopant‐free PVSCs. These results demonstrate the potential of D‐A‐D type molecules with carbonyl group‐functionalized arene core in developing the low‐cost dopant‐free HTMs toward highly efficient PVSCs.
Reductive Coupling of Aryl Halides via C—H Activation of Indene
Authors: Zhang Bo‐Sheng , Yang Ying‐Hui , Wang Fan , Gou Xue‐Ya , Wang Xi‐Cun , Liang Yong‐Min , Li Yuke , Quan Zheng‐Jun 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionThis paper describes the first case of a reductive coupling reaction with indene, a non‐heteroatom olefin used as a reducing agent. The scope of the substrate is wide. The homo‐coupling, cross‐coupling, and synthesis of 12 and 14‐membered rings were realized. The control experiment, indene‐product curve and density functional theory calculations showed that the η3‐palladium indene intermediate was formed by C—H activation in the presence of cesium carbonate. We speculate that the final product was obtained through a Pd (IV) intermediate or aryl ligand exchange. In addition, we excluded the formation of palladium anion (Pd(0)−) intermediates.
Earliest activation time is a good predictor of successful ablation of idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Choi Ji‐Hoon , Kwon Hee‐Jin , Kim Hye Ree , Park Seung‐Jung , Kim June Soo , On Young Keun , Park Kyoung‐Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OT‐VAs), identifying the site with the earliest activation time (EAT) using activation mapping is critical to eliminating the arrhythmogenic focus. However, the optimal EAT for predicting successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has not been established.HypothesisTo evaluate the association between EAT and successful RFCA in idiopathic OT‐VAs and to determine the optimal cut‐off value of EAT for successful ablation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing RFCA for idiopathic OT‐VAs at a single center from January 2015 to December 2019.ResultsAcute procedural success was achieved in 168 patients (87.0%). Among these patients, 158 patients (81.9%) were classified in the clinical success group according to the recurrence of clinical VAs during median (Q1, Q3) follow‐up (330 days [182, 808]). EAT was significantly earlier in the clinical success group compared with the recurrence (p = .006) and initial failure (p < .0001) groups. The optimal EAT cut‐off value predicting clinical success was −30 ms in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with 77.4% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. In all cases of successful ablation in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), EAT in the RVOT was not earlier than −29 ms.ConclusionsEAT in patients with successful catheter ablation was significantly earlier than that in patients with recurrence and initial failure. EAT earlier than −30 ms could be used as a key predictor of successful catheter ablation as well as an indicator of the need to shift focus from the RVOT to the LVOT.
Local Flexibility for Open Partial Differential Relations
Authors: Bär Christian , Hanke Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that local deformations, near closed subsets, of solutions to open partial differential relations can be extended to global deformations, provided all but the highest derivatives stay constant along the subset. The applicability of this general result is illustrated by a number of examples, dealing with convex embeddings of hypersurfaces, differential forms, and lapse functions in Lorentzian geometry.The main application is a general approximation result by sections that have very restrictive local properties on open dense subsets. This shows, for instance, that given any K ∈ ℝ every manifold of dimension at least 2 carries a complete C1, 1‐metric which, on a dense open subset, is smooth with constant sectional curvature K. Of course, this is impossible for C2‐metrics in general. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Current trends in flow cytometry automated data analysis software
Authors: Cheung Melissa , Campbell Jonathan J. , Whitby Liam , Thomas Robert J. , Braybrook Julian , Petzing Jon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutomated flow cytometry (FC) data analysis tools for cell population identification and characterization are increasingly being used in academic, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and clinical laboratories. The development of these computational methods is designed to overcome reproducibility and process bottleneck issues in manual gating, however, the take‐up of these tools remains (anecdotally) low. Here, we performed a comprehensive literature survey of state‐of‐the‐art computational tools typically published by research, clinical, and biomanufacturing laboratories for automated FC data analysis and identified popular tools based on literature citation counts. Dimensionality reduction methods ranked highly, such as generic t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) and its initial Matlab‐based implementation for cytometry data viSNE. Software with graphical user interfaces also ranked highly, including PhenoGraph, SPADE1, FlowSOM, and Citrus, with unsupervised learning methods outnumbering supervised learning methods, and algorithm type popularity spread across K‐Means, hierarchical, density‐based, model‐based, and other classes of clustering algorithms. Additionally, to illustrate the actual use typically within clinical spaces alongside frequent citations, a survey issued by UK NEQAS Leucocyte Immunophenotyping to identify software usage trends among clinical laboratories was completed. The survey revealed 53% of laboratories have not yet taken up automated cell population identification methods, though among those that have, Infinicyt software is the most frequently identified. Survey respondents considered data output quality to be the most important factor when using automated FC data analysis software, followed by software speed and level of technical support. This review found differences in software usage between biomedical institutions, with tools for discovery, data exploration, and visualization more popular in academia, whereas automated tools for specialized targeted analysis that apply supervised learning methods were more used in clinical settings.