bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest substrate and tool shape significantly affect the mechanics and energy requirements of avian eggshell puncture
Authors: Clark Daniel L. , Hauber Mark E. , Anderson Philip S. L. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Some host species of avian obligate brood parasites reject parasitic eggs from their nest whereas others accept them, even though they recognize them as foreign. One hypothesis to explain this seemingly maladaptive behavior is that acceptors are unable to pierce and remove the parasitic eggshell. Previous studies reporting on the force and energy required to break brood parasites' eggshells were typically static tests performed against hard substrate surfaces. Here, we considered host nest as a substrate to simulate this potentially critical aspect of the natural context for egg puncture while testing the energy required to break avian eggshells. Specifically, as a proof of concept, we punctured domestic chicken eggs under a series of conditions: varying tool shape (sharp versus blunt), tool dynamics (static versus dynamic) and the presence of natural bird nests (of three host species). The results show a complex set of statistically significant interactions between tool shapes, puncture dynamics and nest substrates. Specifically, the energy required to break eggs was greater for the static tests than for the dynamic tests, but only when using a nest substrate and a blunt tool. In turn, in the static tests, the addition of a nest significantly increased energy requirements for both tool types, whereas during dynamic tests, the increase in energy associated with the nest presence was significant only when using the sharp tool. Characterizing the process of eggshell puncture in increasingly naturalistic contexts will help in understanding whether and how hosts of brood parasites evolve to reject foreign eggs.
Combined Use of Aspirin and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Is Associated With Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Naiqi , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Ji Jianguang 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Chemoprevention against colorectal cancer (CRC) is greatly needed. As the development of CRC involves multiple dysfunctional pathways, it is thus reasonable to combine some agents that address several pathways to achieve better chemoprotection. We aimed to explore whether the use of aspirin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)—either as monotherapy or combined—can have a clinical benefit against CRC.

METHODS:
We performed a nested case-control study using nationwide Swedish registers. We recruited 24,786 CRC cases and randomly matched to 74,358 controls conditional on birth year and sex using incidence-density sampling. The conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction was calculated as the relative excess risk for interaction, and multiplicative interaction was calculated by including a product term in the regression model.

RESULTS:
Both aspirin and SSRIs monotherapy were negatively associated with CRC risk, but the combined use of aspirin and SSRIs was associated with an even lower CRC risk (adjusted OR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.67–0.89) than aspirin monotherapy (adjusted OR, 0.91, 95% CI, 0.87–0.97) or SSRI monotherapy (adjusted OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.86–1.00). A significant interaction was observed at the additive scale with a relative excess risk for interaction of −0.07 (P < 0.001), whereas no interaction was noted on the interactive scale. The inverse associations of CRC with aspirin and SSRIs showed a dose-dependent pattern.

DISCUSSION:
This study suggests that the use of aspirin and SSRIs—either as monotherapy or combined—was associated with a reduced risk of CRC. The stronger chemoprevention of combined use of aspirin and SSRIs is innovative and calls for further studies to confirm the underlying mechanisms and the plausibility of clinical recommendation.
CRIAÇÃO DOS PRIMEIROS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO NA PROVÍNCIA DE MALANJE, ANGOLA
Authors: Manuel Damião de Almeida 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar alguns aspectos da trajetória histórica dos primeiros cursos Superiores em Ciências da Educação na Província de Malanje, no ano de 2011 a 2016. O ano de 2011 significou para a Província de Malanje um marco no desenvolvimento da cultura acadêmica com a criação dos primeiros cursos superiores em ciências da educação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa histórica e documental em andamento cujo os resultados finais ainda estão por ser obtidos. Como resultados parciais obtidos mediante a análise de documentos normativos, portanto de caráter oficial, é possível afirmar que houve a necessidade por parte da coordenação dos primeiros cursos superiores de ciências da educação em criar estratégias para incentivar os diferentes professores naturais de Malanje e que se encontravam maioritariamente na Capital do país a regressarem e aceitar o desafio de contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos Primeiros cursos de ciências da educação.
Palavras-chave: História das instituições educativas; Cursos de Ciências da Educação; Malanje-Angola.
Cell type-specific Pathways Associated with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Metastasis Related to Neuro-Diseases
Authors: Dey Ashmita , Maulik Ujjwal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: With the advancement of single-cell sequencing, it’s become rapid emergency to detect the cell-specific changes of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma metastasis that leads to the central nervous system disorder. Results: In this study, single-cell RNA-seq of Peripheral blood mononuclear cell from a human sample is curated and cell types related to lymphocytes are identified. Subsequently, the potential markers of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma are found. It is noticed that LEF1, TCF7 and CD79A/B markers of different cell types show an important role in this disease formation, progression and metastasis processes. To understand the impact of markers, associated pathways are studied in details by establishing a pathway semantic network. Moreover, this association validated the channel through which the pathways are triggered within the cell environment and resulted in metastasis. The connection between Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma metastasis and other central nervous system disorders is demonstrated by constructing a disease network. Conclusion: The study reveals how cell types are responsible for the pathway shifts. Furthermore, this information provides a cell-specific channel of triggering the progression of central nervous system diseases among Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma patients.
Comparing the Effect of rATG Dosing on Long-Term Outcomes in Young (40-59) and Elderly (≥60) Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bajjoka Iman , Serra Salvatore , Mourad Jade , Crombez Catherine , Safwan Mohamed , Callaghan Matthew , Abouljoud Marwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs the number of elderly kidney transplant recipients increases, long-term outcome differences between this population and younger kidney transplant recipients are not well documented. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of rATG dosing on long-term outcomes between elderly and young kidney transplant recipients.MethodsA single-center retrospective analysis of medical records of 688 first-time kidney transplant recipients (KTR) from 2003 to 2014 on a regimen of mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and steroids was performed. During the 11-year period there were no immunosuppresion protocol changes. Baseline characteristics, first biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), graft survival, and patient survival at discharge and annually up to 5 years post-transplant were analyzed. Various statistical tests including Chi-square test, two-sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data obtained from this study.ResultsThe study population was divided into two cohorts: elderly (E-KTR) (≥60 years; n=277) and younger (Y-KTR) (40-59 years; n=411). E-KTR received more expanded criteria donor kidneys (p<0.001) and older donor kidneys (p<0.001). Y-KTR experienced more BPAR in incidence (p<0.001) than E-KTR, however, the severity of BPAR was similar. A difference in eGFR was observed at discharge, where Y-KTR had better eGFR rates than E-KTR (p<0.05). At 5-years, a trend was observed indicating that E-KTR have better eGFR rates than Y-KTR. Despite similar long-term graft survival, patient survival was significantly lower among the elderly patients (p<0.01). An indication for higher mortality rates in E-KTR is due to rATG dosing for which we found that mortality increased with patients who received high rATG doses in comparison to low doses (p<0.05).ConclusionE-KTR had lower patient survival rates yet similar graft survival rates when compared to Y-KTR. Lower survival rates in E-KTR was associated with higher rATG dosing. Larger validation studies need to be performed to assess the benefit of using less harmful immunosuppressants to improve long-term outcomes for E-KTR.
Predictors of Parental Barriers to Reduce Excessive Child Screen Time Among Parents of Under-Five Children in Selangor, Malaysia: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mansor Elliza , Ahmad Norliza , Raj Diana , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Mohd Shariff Zalilah 
Published: March 2021

Background
Globally, there is an increasing prevalence of excessive screen time exposure among young children, including in Malaysia. Parents are advised to limit this exposure, but there are barriers for many of them to follow this recommendation. To date, there is a lack of research on the factors that cause these parental barriers.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the parental barrier toward the reduction of excessive child screen time and its predictors among parents of children aged younger than 5 years in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2020 among 789 parent-child dyads attending child health clinics in the Petaling District. Validated self-administered questionnaires were used to capture information on sociodemographic, parental, child-related, and environmental factors and parental barriers. Stratified sampling with probability proportionate to size was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 25 (IBM Corp). Descriptive analysis and bivariable analysis were performed before multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of parental barriers.

Results
The overall mean score of parental barriers was 3.51 (SD 0.83), indicating that the average numbers of barriers experienced by parents were more than 3. The multivariable analysis showed that the predictors of parental barriers included monthly household income (adjusted β=–.03, 95% CI –0.05 to –0.02), parents who worked in public sectors (adjusted β=.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.29), positive parental attitude on screens (adjusted β=.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79), low parent self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (adjusted β=–.32, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.20), and child screen time (adjusted β=.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06).

Conclusions
The strongest predictor of parental barriers to reduce excessive child screen time was the positive parental attitude on screen time which could contribute to their abilities to limit child screen time. Thus, future intervention strategies should aim to foster correct parental attitudes toward screen time activities among young children.
Methods for enhancement of high-sensitivity detection for a surface wave EMAT
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Xin , Wang Xuebin , Zheng LingLing , Li Ruipeng , Lu Chao , Shi Wenze 
Published: March 2021

Due to the poor conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) testing, the defect detection sensitivity is limited, which restricts the extensive industrial applications. A finite element model for the testing process of a meander-coil EMAT was established that considers the simplified excitation and detection circuits for the EMAT. Based on this model, the effect of the connection methods (parallel or series) of the coils in the generating and receiving EMATs on their generating and receiving efficiency was investigated, and the simulation results were validated experimentally. Subsequently, the pulse compression technique with a 13-bit Barker code was used for the EMAT detection, and improvements of the SNR and range resolution were established through numerical simulation and experimental measurement. The results show that compared with the traditional EMAT design, which comprises single-layer transmitting and receiving coils, the conversion efficiency of the optimized EMAT with two excitation and receiving coils in the parallel connection can be improved by 52.8%. With the application of the Barker-coded pulse compression to detect the ultrasonic A-scan signal with no synchronous average, the SNR of the defect echo can be improved by 9.5 dB compared with the A-scan signal with 128 synchronous averages.
PERBAIKA LINGKUNGAN KERJA GUNA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PENGRAJIN ATAP DAUN NIPAH TRADISIONAL DI DESA PULAU PALAS DENGAN METODE WORK SAMPLING
Authors: Sofian Randi 
Published: March 2021

Work productivity is the ability of employees to produce compared to the inputs used, an employee can be said to be productive if they are able to produce goods or services as expected in a short or appropriate time. Productivity is not a calculation of quantity, but a ratio, a comparison and a systematic measurement of a level of efficiency. Production is related to quantity, while productivity is related to the results of unity from an input (Sinungan, 1990: 93). Thus the determination of productivity is faced with the desired results achieved (effectiveness) and the resources used to achieve these results (efficiency). Measurements using measures of efficiency and effectiveness are two dimensions of productivity that are very important in managerial business where they can show productivity indexes which are the ratios to the extent to which resources are used in conjunction with achieving predetermined goals.
The results of the research are obtained from the productivity level of workers of palm leaf weavers using the side work method for two months, each study for 7 hours, namely coconut covering workers working productively with 95% yield and delay ratio of 0.07%, and allowance the nipah leaf weaver is 23.6% with the following details: 12.00% of energy released, 4.5% work attitude, 1.3% work movement, 0% eye fatigue, temperature condition the workplace is 5.50%, the atmosphere is 0.5%, and the environment is good at 2.50%.
Analisa Dan Perancangan Pengeloaan Dana Kas Studi Kasus Masjid Darussalam Al - Mubin Tembilahan
Authors: Yunita Fitri 
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi di era revolusi industri 4.0 saat ini telah banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan serta memberikan kemudahan bagi para penggunanya (brainware).Salah satu pemanfaatan dari perkembangan ini adalah pada tempat ibadah atau masjid. Saat ini, keadaaan keuangan masjid masih diproses secara konvensional oleh Bendahara Masjid Darussalam Al-Mubin Tembilahan dengan menggunakan pena, kertas dan kalkulator. Dengan demikan, Bendahara Masjid akan mengalami kesulitan dalam mengelola laporan pemasukan maupun pengeluaran yang telah tersimpan bertahun-tahun lamanyajuga terkadang dalam perhitungan pengeluaran dan pemasukan dana kas, terjadi selisih angka sehingga membingungkan pengurus masjid.
Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisa dan merancang sistem informasi dana kas masjid Darussalam Al-Mubin menggunakan SDLC sebagai metode pengembangan sistem, sedangkan untuk analisa sistem menggunakan metode PIECES dan metode perancangan modelnya menggunakan metode UML (Unified Modeling Language).
At the Crossroads of Molecular Biology and Immunology: Molecular Pathways for Immunological Targeting of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wondergem Niels E. , Nijenhuis Dennis N. L. M. , Poell Jos B. , Leemans C. René , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , van de Ven Rieneke 
Published: March 2021

Background: Recent advances in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have led to implementation of anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy to standard of care for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. However, the majority of tumors do not respond to these therapies, indicating that these tumors are not immunogenic or other immunosuppressive mechanisms might be at play.Aim: Given their role in carcinogenesis as well as in immune modulation, we discuss the relation between the STAT3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways to identify potential targets to empower the immune response against HNSCC.Results: We focused on three pathways. First, STAT3 is often overactivated in HNSCC and induces the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, thereby promoting recruitment of immune suppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) while hampering the development of dendritic cells. Second, PI3K/AKT/mTOR mutational activation results in increased tumor proliferation but could also be important in HNSCC immune evasion due to the downregulation of components in the antigen-processing machinery. Third, canonical Wnt signaling is overactivated in &gt;20% of HNSCC and could be an interesting pleotropic target since it is related to increased tumor cell proliferation and the development of an immunosuppressive HNSCC TME.Conclusion: The molecular pathology of HNSCC is complex and heterogeneous, varying between sites and disease etiology (i.e., HPV). The in HNSCC widely affected signaling pathways STAT3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt are implicated in some of the very mechanisms underlying immune evasion of HNSCC, thereby representing promising targets to possibly facilitate immunotherapy response.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING PADA TES PSIKOLOGI UNTUK MENENTUKAN KELOMPOK BELAJAR SISWA BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Saputra Reynaldo Ferdian , Agus Pranoto Yosep , Primaswara P. Renaldi 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan tes psikologi yang ditujukan kepada siswa SMPK Alethia Malang berbasis mobile .Metode yang digunakan adalah K-Means Clustering untuk menentukan hasil dari tes berupa kelompok gaya belajar siswa seperti auditori, visual dan kinestetik. Kebutuhan pada produk skripsi yang dikembangkan mencakup fungsional dan nonfungsional.
Hasil dari aplikasi ini berupa output clustering siswa yang menampilkan kelompok gaya belajar. Produk mempunyai fitur-fitur berupa tes pengerjaan soal, menampilkan hasil atribut siswa dalam bentuk diagram, dan menampilkan hasil akhir clustering. Berdasarkan pengujian terhadap fitur-fitur tersebut seluruhnya telah berjalan dengan baik. Berdasarkan pengujian pengguna diketahui bahwa dari 11 data training didapatkan hasil 2 siswa cluster auditori, 1 siswa cluster visual, dan 8 siswa cluster kinestetik. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk dapat menampilkan hasil clustering dari seluruh siswa yang terdaftar pada aplikasi.
Cultural Nuances in Work Attitudes and Behaviors: Towards a Model of African Work Culture
Authors: Olowookere Elizabeth I. , Agoha Benedict C. , Omonijo Dare O. , Odukoya Jonathan A. , Elegbeleye Ayotunde O. 
Published: March 2021

This study explored managers’ perception of the work behaviors and attitudes of Nigerian workers with reference to Nigeria’s cultural orientation and the global culture. It compared Japan, USA and Nigeria on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, work culture and organizational outcomes. Descriptive survey design and purposive sampling technique were used in data collection. A total of 131 managers (74 males and 57 females) from manufacturing organizations in Ota, Ogun State were interviewed. The structured interview comprised of 12 statements on work attitudes and behaviors to which respondents agreed or disagreed and made remarks. Four research questions were asked and answered using frequency distribution. The result showed that greater percentage of managers perceived Nigerian workers to require close supervision, sanctions and coercion in driving compliance with organizational rules. Workers were also perceived to be motivated mostly by pay, rewards and benefits. However, only about half of the respondents agreed that Nigerian workers are self-centered and individualistic. Lastly, they perceived that given the right circumstances, Nigerian workers are highly resourceful and capable of participative decision-making and mutual responsibility. This study concluded that Nigeria as well as Japan have collectivist cultures while America has individualistic culture. Although collectivism has paid off as evinced in the successes of Japanese companies, Nigerian organizations, like many others in Africa, have been victims of acculturation with adverse consequences for organizational growth. Hence, a model of African work culture was recommended, one that should not jettison indigenous cultures, but ensure an effective blend with global best practices.

Received: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021
Speckle Observations of TESS Exoplanet Host Stars: Understanding the Binary Exoplanet Host Star Orbital Period Distribution
Authors: Howell Steve B. , Matson Rachel A. , Ciardi David R. , Everett Mark E. , Livingston John H. , Scott Nicholas J. , Horch Elliott P. , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present high-resolution speckle interferometric imaging observations of TESS exoplanet host stars using the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager instrument at the 3.5 m WIYN telescope. Eight TESS objects of interest that were originally discovered by Kepler were previously observed using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. Speckle observations of 186 TESS stars were carried out, and 45 (24%) likely bound companions were detected. This is approximately the number of companions we would expect to observe given the established 46% binarity rate in exoplanet host stars. For the detected binaries, the distribution of stellar mass ratio is consistent with that of the standard Raghavan distribution and may show a decrease in high-q systems as the binary separation increases. The distribution of binary orbital periods, however, is not consistent with the standard Ragahavan model, and our observations support the premise that exoplanet-hosting stars with binary companions have, in general, wider orbital separations than field binaries. We find that exoplanet-hosting binary star systems show a distribution peaking near 100 au, higher than the 40–50 au peak that is observed for field binaries. This fact led to earlier suggestions that planet formation is suppressed in close binaries.
The Origin of Strong Linear Polarization from Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Wang Runna , Liu Siming , Xiong Anda , Chen Qi-Hui , Zhu Fengrong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The detection of almost 100% linearly polarized emission from the fast radio burst source FRB 121102 implies coherent emission of relativistic electrons moving perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The origin of such a particle distribution is very intriguing. Given that FRB 121102 is likely driven by a neutron star, we explored orbits of charged particles trapped in a dipole magnetic field (the Störmer problem). Most previous studies focused on particles with relatively low energies so that the guiding center approximation may be applied. High-energy particles usually have chaotic orbits except those on a periodic orbit or near stable periodic orbits. Via evaluation of the maximum Lyapunov exponent of orbits of particles launched from the equatorial plane with an axial velocity (the angular velocity sets the length and energy scales of the system), we found prominent regions of quasi-periodic orbits around stable periodic orbits in the equatorial plane at high energies. Particles in these orbits oscillate around the equatorial plane and their radial distance from the dipole can vary by a factor of ∼2. Relativistic electrons in such orbits may be responsible for the almost 100% polarized emission from FRB 121102.