bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid parameter estimation of a two-component neutron star model with spin wandering using a Kalman filter
Authors: Meyers Patrick M , O’Neill Nicholas J , Melatos Andrew , Evans Robin J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The classic, two-component, crust-superfluid model of a neutron star can be formulated as a noise-driven, linear dynamical system, in which the angular velocities of the crust and superfluid are tracked using a Kalman filter applied to electromagnetic pulse timing data and gravitational wave data, when available. Here it is shown how to combine the marginal likelihood of the Kalman filter and nested sampling to estimate full posterior distributions of the six model parameters, extending previous analyses based on a maximum-likelihood approach. The method is tested across an astrophysically plausible parameter domain using Monte Carlo simulations. It recovers the injected parameters to ≲ 10 per cent for time series containing ∼103 samples, typical of long-term pulsar timing campaigns. It runs efficiently in $\mathcal {O}(1)$ CPU-hr for data sets of the above size. In a present-day observational scenario, when electromagnetic data are available only, the method accurately estimates three parameters: the relaxation time, the ensemble-averaged spin-down of the system, and the amplitude of the stochastic torques applied to the crust. In a future observational scenario, where gravitational wave data are also available, the method also estimates the ratio between the moments of inertia of the crust and the superfluid, the amplitude of the stochastic torque applied to the superfluid, and the crust-superfluid lag. These empirical results are consistent with a formal identifiability analysis of the linear dynamical system.
The impact of baryons on cosmological inference from weak lensing statistics
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
As weak lensing surveys are becoming deeper and cover larger areas, information will be available on small angular scales down to the arcmin level. To extract this extra information, accurate modelling of baryonic effects is necessary. In this work, we adopt a baryonic correction model, which includes gas both bound inside and ejected from dark matter (DM) haloes, a central galaxy, and changes in the DM profile induced by baryons. We use this model to incorporate baryons into a large suite of DM-only N-body simulations, covering a grid of 75 cosmologies in the Ωm–σ8 parameter space. We investigate how baryons affect Gaussian and non-Gaussian weak lensing statistics and the cosmological parameter inferences from these statistics. Our results show that marginalizing over baryonic parameters degrades the constraints in Ωm–σ8 space by a factor of 2–5 compared to those with baryonic parameters fixed. We also find that combining the lensing power spectrum and peak counts can break the degeneracy between cosmological and baryonic parameters and mitigate the impact of the uncertainty in baryonic physics.
Distinct neuron populations for simple and compound calls in the primary auditory cortex of awake marmosets
Authors: Zeng Huan-huan , Huang Jun-feng , Li Jun-ru , Shen Zhiming , Gong Neng , Wen Yun-qing , Wang Liping , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Marmosets are highly social non-human primates that live in families. They exhibit rich vocalization, but the neural basis underlying this complex vocal communication is largely unknown. Here we report the existence of specific neuron populations in marmoset A1 that respond selectively to distinct simple or compound calls made by conspecific marmosets. These neurons were spatially dispersed within A1 but distinct from those responsive to pure tones. Call-selective responses were markedly diminished when individual domains of the call were deleted or the domain sequence was altered, indicating the importance of the global rather than local spectral-temporal properties of the sound. Compound call-selective responses also disappeared when the sequence of the two simple-call components was reversed or their interval was extended beyond 1 s. Light anesthesia largely abolished call-selective responses. Our findings demonstrate extensive inhibitory and facilitatory interactions among call-evoked responses, and provide the basis for further study of circuit mechanisms underlying vocal communication in awake non-human primates.
Relationship of Multiplex Molecular Pneumonia Panel Results With Hospital Outcomes and Clinical Variables
Authors: Rand K H , Beal S G , Cherabuddi K , Houck H , Lessard K , Tremblay E E , Couturier B , Lingenfelter B , Rindlisbacher C , Jones J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic treatment decisions in severely ill patients must often be made in the absence of microbiologic results. The recently Food and Drug Administration–cleared BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (PN) detects 15 bacteria semiquantitatively, 3 atypical pneumonia bacteria, 8 viruses, and 7 antimicrobial resistance markers by multiplex PCR in ~1 hour in the laboratory. Previous reports have shown that the PN Panel bacterial detections are highly accurate, even when routine culture had no growth.

Methods
Consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal specimens submitted for culture between June and September 2018 from 270 patients with sufficient clinical and laboratory data were tested with the PN Panel. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) both culture and PN Panel positive, (2) PN Panel positive but culture uninformative (no growth or normal flora), and (3) patients with no PN Panel detections.

Results
Groups 1 and 2 had significantly higher maximum temperatures on the day of culture (P = .00036, analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Bonferroni correction), higher levels of an inflammatory response as measured by percent polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (P = .00025, ANOVA with Bonferroni correction), and gram stain report of white blood cells, as previously reported [1].

Conclusions
Both group 1 (culture and PN Panel positive), and group 2 (PN Panel positive but culture uninformative) had higher levels of host response inflammatory responses compared with group 3, which had no targets detected, suggesting that PN Panel detections need to be interpreted in the clinical context, even if cultures are discordant. Depending on laboratory turnaround time, there could be opportunities for improved diagnosis and antibiotic stewardship.
Enhancing natural cycles in agro-ecosystems to boost plant carbon capture and soil storage
Authors: Buss Wolfram , Yeates Kirsty , Rohling Eelco J , Borevitz Justin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of society’s greatest challenges is sequestering vast amounts of carbon to avoid dangerous climate change without driving competition for land and resources. Here we assess the potential of an integrated approach based on enhancement of natural biogeochemical cycles in agro-ecosystems that stimulate carbon capture and storage while increasing resilience and long-term productivity. The method integrates plant photosynthesis in the form of (cover) crops and agroforestry, which drives carbon capture. Belowground plant-carbon is efficiently stored as stable soil organic carbon. Aboveground crop and tree residues are pyrolyzed into biochar, which is applied to the soil reducing carbon release through decomposition. Enhanced weathering of basalt powder worked into the soil further captures and stores carbon, while releasing nutrients and alkalinity. The integrated system is regenerative, through enhanced virtuous cycles that lead to improved plant capture, biomass storage and crop yield, the prerequisites for large-scale carbon sequestration along with food security.
pH biosensing in the plant apoplast—a focus on root cell elongation
Authors: Moreau Hortense , Zimmermann Sabine D. , Gaillard Isabelle , Paris Nadine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The pH parameter of soil plays a key role for plant nutrition as it is affecting the availability of minerals and consequently determines plant growth. Although the mechanisms by which root perceive the external pH is still unknown, the impact of external pH on tissue growth has been widely studied especially in hypocotyl and root. Thanks to technological development of cell imaging and fluorescent sensors, we can now monitor pH in real time with at subcellular definition. In this focus, fluorescent dye-based, as well as genetically-encoded pH indicators are discussed especially with respect to their ability to monitor acidic pH in the context of primary root. The notion of apoplastic subdomains is discussed and suggestions are made to develop fluorescent indicators for pH values below 5.0.
Diagnosing giant cell arteritis: a comprehensive practical guide for the practicing rheumatologist
Authors: Andel Peter M , Chrysidis Stavros , Geiger Julia , Haaversen Anne C Bull , Haugeberg Glenn , Myklebust Geirmund , Nielsen Berit D , Diamantopoulos Andreas P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
GCA is the most common large vessel vasculitis in the elderly population. In recent years, advanced imaging has changed the way GCA can be diagnosed in many locations. The GCA fast-track clinic approach combined with US examination allows prompt treatment and diagnosis with high certainty. Fast-track clinics have been shown to improve prognosis while being cost effective. However, all diagnostic modalities are highly operator dependent, and in many locations expertise in advanced imaging may not be available. In this paper, we review the current evidence on GCA diagnostics and propose a simple algorithm for diagnosing GCA for use by rheumatologists not working in specialist centres.
Opening up science for a sustainable world: An expansive normative structure of open science in the digital era
Authors: Vicente-Saez Ruben , Gustafsson Robin , Martinez-Fuentes Clara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New digital technologies and tools, together with evolving open physical and digital infrastructures, are remodelling science and innovation practices at universities and challenging their existing cultures, cognitive norms, missions, and policies. The purpose of this empirical study was to understand how existing and recently adopted open science practices and the underlying principles and attitudes of research teams support the advancement of knowledge and the development of actions, solutions, and technologies for sustainable development. The results of this study provide novel insights and important suggestions to guide the advancement of open science and innovation policies at universities for a sustainable economy, society, and environment—in sum, for a sustainable world. We infer a new expansive normative structure—practices, norms, and institutional goal—for open science and a new role of researchers in the digital era. Based on our findings, we propose an expansive model of university research and innovation to guide the renewal of university governance in the digital era.
Comprehensive phenotypic phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of stromateiform fishes (Teleostei: Percomorphacea)
Authors: Pastana Murilo N L , Johnson G David , Datovo Aléssio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMore than half the ray-finned fishes and about one-quarter of all living vertebrates belong to Percomorphacea. Among its 30 orders, Stromateiformes encompass 77 species in 16 genera and six families. Stromateiform monophyly has never been tested using morphology, and it has been rejected by molecular analyses. This comprehensive revision of Stromateiformes includes all its valid genera of all percomorph families previously aligned with the order. We sampled 207 phenotypic characters in 66 terminal taxa representing 14 orders and 46 acanthopterygian families. This dataset significantly surpasses all previous phenotype-based phylogenies of Stromateiformes, which analysed only a fraction of these characters. Stromateiformes is recovered as monophyletic, supported by eight unequivocal synapomorphies. Amarsipidae is the sister group of all other Stromateiformes (= Stromateoidei). Centrolophidae is paraphyletic, with three of its genera allocated into an early-diverging clade and the other four appearing as successive sister groups to a lineage containing the remaining stromateiforms. All other stromateoid families are monophyletic, with the following cladistic arrangement: (Nomeidae (Stromateidae (Tetragonuridae, Ariommatidae))). Our analysis convincingly refutes recent molecular phylogenetic interpretations that fail to recover a monophyletic Stromateiformes. These findings call into question large-scale conclusions of percomorph relationships and trait evolution based solely on molecular data.
Women Representation as First and Corresponding Authors in Neuroanesthesiology and Neurocritical Care Journals: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Banerjee Shraya , Choudhury Kalyanpury J. , Prabhakar Hemanshu 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
There is limited literature on the representation of women in leading roles in neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care academia. We aimed to determine the representation of women as first and corresponding authors in articles published in 3 dedicated journals of neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care during last 5 years.

Methods:
Articles published in the Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, Neurocritical Care, and Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020 were included in this study. The primary outcome was the proportion of women first authors, and secondary outcomes were the percentage of women corresponding authors, and representation of women as first and corresponding author by article type and country of affiliation.

Results:
Of the 1164 articles included in the study, 403 (34.6%) had a woman first author. Women first authorship was highest for Special Articles (5/11; 45.5%), Clinical Reports (44/113; 38.9%) and Narrative Review Articles (58/151; 38.4%) and lowest for Original Research Articles (198/597; 33.2%). Women accounted for 29.6% (344/1164) of corresponding authors across all article types. Overall, the United States and India had the highest representation of women first authors (159/403; 39.0% and 107/344; 31.0%, respectively), and India also had highest proportion of women corresponding authors (107/272; 39.3%).

Conclusions:
Women were underrepresented compared with men as first author of articles published in 3 dedicated neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care journals over the last 5 years. Women had the lowest representation as authors of Original Research Articles.
Injury risk among athletes on artificial turf: a review of current literature
Authors: Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Mengers Sunita , Paliobeis Andrew , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Karns Michael R. , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. 
Published: July 2021

Artificial turf is used commonly as an alternative to natural grass for athletic playing surfaces, primarily for its ease of maintenance, multi-use capability year-round, and cost. Prior studies have demonstrated increased biomechanical stresses at the shoe-surface interface on artificial turf when compared to natural grass. However, there is debate whether the altered shoe-surface interface confers additional risk for injury to athletes. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature on injury risk associated with artificial turf among various sports played on turf. The present study was a clinical review of the current literature regarding injury risk on artificial and natural turf. While playing surface generally does not appear to impact overall injury risk in soccer and rugby players, data is inconclusive among American football athletes. Lower-extremity injuries, in particular knee and ankle injuries, more commonly occur on artificial turf in comparison to natural grass. Surface and sport-specific shoes, third-generation artificial turf, and routine monitoring and maintenance have all been shown to reduce the risk of injury on artificial turf. When athletes must play on artificial turf, surface-specific strategies may be implemented to reduce their risk of injury. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate further these risk reduction strategies.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Retrospective matched case-control study evaluating cementless total knee replacements in patients with BMI over 30 kg/m2 or in patients aged 65 yr and younger
Authors: Silverstein Rachel Sanislo , Owashi Eric Toshio , Rawicki Nathaniel Levi , Patel Neel R. , Shatkin Michael Stephen , Zelicof Steven B. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
This study’s goal was to compare outcomes in cemented and cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater or patients aged 65 yr or younger.

Methods:
A retrospective matched case-control study was performed on 400 consecutive primary TKAs at the same community-based teaching institution by a single fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeon. One hundred and eighty-six patients met the inclusion criteria for the obese cohort (93 cementless, 93 cemented). One hundred and seventy-one patients met the inclusion criteria of 65 yr of age or younger cohort (85 cementless, 86 cemented). Charts were reviewed for demographics, TKA revisions, Knee Society Score-Knee (KSS-Knee), Knee Society Score-Function (KSS-Function), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Scores for Joint Replacement outcome scores, and perioperative complications.

Results:
The average follow-up was 4 years (range 2.5 to 7 yr). Patients demonstrated improved change for minimal clinically important differences values in both the cementless and cemented TKA groups for KSS-Knee and KSS-Function in each cohort. Substantial clinical benefit had improved change for cementless TKAs in both KSS-Knee and KSS-Function scores; however, only the cementless TKA group achieved an improved change in substantial clinical benefit with KSS-Function. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Scores for Joint Replacement scores were equivalent between both the cementless and cemented cohorts.

Conclusions:
This study was clinically significant as outcome data remained positive for longer term follow-up in patients with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater or those aged 65 yr or younger with cementless total knees.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Factors that influence patients’ recommendations of orthopaedic surgeons: a cross-sectional study of a popular online rating website
Authors: Hanna Gabriel , Luis Justin , Para Ashok , Ezzat Bishoy , Batko Brian D. , Edobor-Osula Folorunsho 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In the modern digital age, patients have increased the use of online physician reviews prior to making healthcare decisions. The authors sought to investigate trends in online physician reviews.

Methods:
Healthgrades.com was queried for “orthopaedic surgery” in the state of New Jersey. Data points were collected including demographic information, fellowship training status, and the likelihood to recommend score (LTRS). Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Qualitative analysis of randomly selected positive comments and all negative comments was conducted. Common themes were identified using a frequency-based word cloud generator.

Results:
In total 834 board certified orthopaedic surgeons (800 men, 34 women) were identified. Fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to be recommended. The LTRS increased with total number of reviews (r=0.205, P=0.01). Compared with waiting time more than 10 min, those with waiting time less than 10 min were more likely to be recommended. The LTRS decreased with increasing number of negative comments (r=−0.317, P=0.01). Qualitative analysis of a randomly selected sample of 4,151 out of a total of 12,168 positive comments and 1,113 total negative comments revealed that although positive comments centered on surgeon competence and professionalism, negative comments centered on surgeon personality and waiting time.

Conclusions:
Orthopaedic surgeons have generally favorable ratings and mostly positive comments. Knowledge of which surgeon-specific attributes are important to patients may provide valuable insight to orthopaedic surgeons on how to improve patient care and patient satisfaction as well as improve online review websites as reliable sources for evaluating physicians.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Nationwide Ethnic/Racial Differences in Surgical Treatment of Discoid Meniscus in Children: A PHIS Database Study
Authors: Milewski Matthew D. , Coene Ryan P. , McFarlane Kelly H. , Williams Kathryn A. , Feldman Lanna , Beck Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Discoid meniscus, a congenital meniscus variant, may have greater incidence in Asian populations. No US population-based studies have examined the discoid meniscus ethnic/racial distribution. In pediatric patients undergoing meniscus surgery, it is hypothesized that ethnic/racial variability exists in patients with discoid meniscus and this variability is different than in patients with medial meniscus tears.

Methods:
The Pediatric Health Information System was queried from 48 hospitals to examine patients 18 years of age and younger between 2015 and 2019, using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. A cohort of patients treated surgically for discoid meniscus was compared with a cohort of patients treated surgically for medial meniscal tear. These 2 populations were compared based on age, sex, ethnicity/race, Current Procedural Terminology code, insurance, urban versus rural, and region of country. Univariate testing and multivariable logistic modeling were used to test for associations.

Results:
A discoid meniscus cohort of 399 children (median age, 13.0 y) was compared with a medial meniscus tear cohort of 3157 children (median age, 16.0 y) (P<0.001). Hispanic/Latino children accounted for 36.8% of the discoid lateral meniscus and 22.7% of the medial meniscus populations (P<0.001). Among pediatric patients that had surgery for discoid lateral meniscus or medial meniscus, Hispanic/Latino children had 2.36 times the odds of surgery for discoid meniscus compared with White patients after adjusting for age and insurance (P<0.001). Asian children also had 2.41 times the odds of surgery for discoid meniscus compared with White patients (P=0.017).

Conclusions:
This study shows a significant association of ethnicity/race with discoid versus medial meniscus surgical treatment in children. Among pediatric patients undergoing surgery for discoid meniscus, Hispanic/Latino and Asian patients were a significantly larger percentage of the population than White patients. Hispanic/Latino children made up a greater percentage of the population having surgery for a torn discoid meniscus versus a torn medial mensicus. When evaluating pediatric patients, younger age and Asian or Hispanic/Latino ethnicity should increase attention to the possibility of a discoid meniscus.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.