bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it Possible to Assess the Functional Status of Hormone Secretion or Non-
Secretion of Adrenal Masses Through Their Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) Characteristics?
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Piskin Ferhat , Karagun Barış , Sert Murat , Evran Mehtap , Tetiker Tamer 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diagnostic imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed on all patients with incidentalomas. However, limited number of studies on whether the quantitative measurements (signal intensity index, adrenal to spleen ratio) in MRI could predict the functional status of adrenal adenomas are available.

Materials and Methods:
Between 2015-2020, 404 patients (265 females, 139 males) with adrenal mass who were referred to the university hospital for further investigation were included. After detailed diagnostic hormonal evaluation, all patients were examined with the MRI 1.5 T device (Signa, GE Medical Systems; Milwaukee, USA). The signal intensities of the adrenal lesions on T2W images were qualitatively evaluated and noted as homogenous or heterogeneous in comparison with the liver signal intensity (SI). A chemical-shift SI index and chemical shift adrenal-to-spleen SI ratio were also calculated.

Results:
While 331(81.9%) of the patients had nonfunctional adrenal mass, the rest (n=73, 18.1%) were patients with functional (autonomous cortisol secretion-ACS, Cushing syndrome-CS, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism-PA) adrenal masses. In phase vs. phase values of patients with NFAI, Pheo(n=17), ACS (n=30), CS (n=11), and PA (n=15) were 474.04±126.7 vs. 226.6±132.4, 495.3±182.8 vs. 282.17±189.1, 445.2±134.8 vs. 203.3±76.2, 506.8±126.5 vs. 212.2±73.6 and 496.2±147.5 vs. 246.6±102.1, respectively. Mean signal intensity index (SII) and adrenal to spleen ratio (ASR) of all groups (NFAI, Pheo, ACS, CS, PA) were 52.0±24.8 and 0.51, 44.9±22.5 and 0.55, 49.5±24.5 and 0.53, 56.2±16.4 and 0.43, 47.6±25.1 and 0.54, respectively. Based on the currently accepted measurements in the case of ASR and SII, all lesions were similar and observed as fat rich adenomas (p*= 0.552, p** = 0.45).

Conclusion:
The quantitative assessment (SII, ASR) of intracellular lipids in an incidentally discovered adrenal tumor could only help distinguish adrenal masses in the case of adenomas or non-adenomas. As an initial diagnostic evaluation, clinical and laboratory assessment to distinguish hormone secretion should be done for all patients with adrenal incidentalomas.
The Long-Term Effectiveness of Internet-Based Interventions on Multiple Health Risk Behaviors: Systematic Review and Robust Variance Estimation Meta-analysis
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Mitchell Aimee , Wilson Louise , Byrnes Emma , Haschek Alexandra , Leigh Lucy , Oldmeadow Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Background
Smoking tobacco, poor nutrition, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (SNAP) behaviors tend to cluster together. Health benefits may be maximized if interventions targeted multiple health risk behaviors together rather than addressing single behaviors. The internet has wide reach and is a sustainable mode for delivery of interventions for multiple health behaviors. However, no systematic reviews have examined the long-term effectiveness of internet-based interventions on any combination of or all SNAP behaviors in adults aged 18 years or older.

Objective
This systematic review examined, among adults (aged ≥18 years), the effectiveness of internet-based interventions on SNAP behaviors collectively in the long term compared with a control condition.

Methods
The electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched to retrieve studies describing the effectiveness of internet-based interventions on ≥2 SNAP behaviors published by November 18, 2019. The reference lists of retrieved articles were also checked to identify eligible publications. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials or cluster randomized controlled trials with adults examining an internet-based intervention measuring the effect on ≥2 SNAP behaviors at least 6 months postrecruitment and published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Two reviewers independently extracted data from included studies and assessed methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A robust variance estimation meta-analysis was performed to examine the long-term effectiveness of internet-based interventions on all 4 SNAP risk behavior outcomes. All SNAP outcomes were coded so they were in the same direction, with higher scores equating to worse health risk behaviors.

Results
The inclusion criteria were met by 11 studies: 7 studies measured the effect of an internet-based intervention on nutrition and physical activity; 1 study measured the effect on smoking, nutrition, and physical activity; and 3 studies measured the effect on all SNAP behaviors. Compared with the control group, internet-based interventions achieved an overall significant improvement across all SNAP behaviors in the long term (standardized mean difference –0.12 [improvement as higher scores = worse health risk outcomes], 95% CI –0.19 to –0.05; I2=1.5%, P=.01). The global methodological quality rating was “moderate” for 1 study, while the remaining 10 studies were rated as “weak.”

Conclusions
Internet-based interventions were found to produce an overall significant improvement across all SNAP behaviors collectively in the long term. Internet-based interventions targeting multiple SNAP behaviors have the potential to maximize long-term improvements to preventive health outcomes.
Бурят-Монгольский ученый комитет (1922–1929 гг.): этапы становления и организация первых научных исследований
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Bazarov Boris V. , Plekhanova Anna M. 
Published: December 2021

The article aims at shedding light on the history of the Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Committee: stages of its growth, contributions of its staff members in the organization of research and its implementation. Materials and methods. Both published and unpublished documents kept in the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia were used as the main sources for the reconstruction of the past events while the data analysis was based on the main scientific principles of historicism, systematicity, and objectivity; the paper’s comprehensive approach was implemented via the method of system analysis, problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods, and local history. Results. The Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Committee (Buruchkom), established in July 1922, was designed to promote the national-cultural construction in Buryat-Mongolia while focusing on research and educational tasks. It had to begin its operation under far from favorable conditions, such as poor funding, illiteracy of the population, a shortage of personnel, and practically non-existent printing and publishing, especially in the Buryat-Mongolian language. Nevertheless, Buruchkom organized the studies of Buryat history, archaeology, spiritual and material culture, language and religion, and started field work as well. A significant portion of its activities was initially directed towards translation of educational and socio-political literature into the Buryat language, related terminological and lexical studies, preparation and publication of teaching materials, such as textbooks and teaching manuals for Buryat-Mongolian schools. The academic environment was enhanced with establishing a library and museum, which were of much relevance for future scientific work. Buruchkom’s final success was due to its fruitful cooperation with the central scientific institutions of the country and the Mongolian Scientific Committee. Conclusion. Despite that its team of researchers was not numerous, Buruchkom managed to organize, as well as conduct research projects in the fields of history, archaeology, ethnography, and linguistics. Having accomplished an important objective of laying the foundations of science in the region, it has now become a leading academic center of the Republic, known for its research in the arts and humanities.
Сихырсы ‘колдуны’ и колдовство в башкирской мифологии
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Khisamitdinova Firdaus G. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article deals with the mythologized characters of the Bashkir mythology ― sikhyrsy (сихырсы, sorcerers). Its aim is to identify and to interpret the characters and their names, as well as other related vocabulary. Data and methods. The research materials include folklore texts and entries of dictionaries of the Bashkir and of other Turkic languages. The main methods employed for the analysis are descriptive and comparative. Results. The main, most common names of Bashkir sorcerers have been established. These are the terms сихырсы and боҙомсо, which come from lexemes sykhyr (сихыр: magic, witchcraft, sorcery) and bozom (боҙом: damage, witchcraft, harm effected with the help of mythologized objects and means). In addition, the article discusses the terms osokso (осоҡсо), arbausy (арбаусы), iamialliauise (әмәлләүсе), etc., characterizing the methods of Bashkir sorcerers’ malicious actions. There are parallels from other Turkic and non-Turkic languages to the terms associated with sorcerers and witchcraft, which indicate the origin of Bashkir terms. Hence, it has been established that some lexical items, as well as the characters they refer to have pan-Altai roots, some are Turkic, some are inter-Turkic, still others are of Bashkir origin; and a number of words are loans. In particular, the term sikhyrsy (сихырсы) itself goes back to Arabic, while the items bozomso (боҙомсо), arbausy (арбаусы), osokso (осоҡсо), and yelpeui (йелпеү) have parallels in many Turkic languages. Interestingly, йелпеү has phonetic variants not only in the Turkic, but also in the Mongolian languages; and боҙомсо and арбаусы have parallels in the Finno-Ugric languages. Also, the article discusses in some detail methods of Bashkir sorcerers’ malicious actions, illustrating them with examples. According to the author, the most common of these are the use of grave earth, “mortuary water”, needles to sew a shroud, raw eggs, dolls, blood of innocence, menstrual blood, as well as witchcraft based on the use of sweat, knots, and special incantations, which, according to the Bashkir ancestors, enhanced the harmfulness of techniques used. Finally, the article deals with cases of witchcraft of medicine men, positive characters of Bashkir mythology, who performed them to punish evil, namely, thieves of cattle and of goods, and rapists. Conclusions. The mythologized characters of sykhyrsy belong to negative characters and the Bashkir language has numerous items for their designation. The sykhyrsy had at their disposal a variety of means and methods to do harm, as well as antidotes to their harmful action. There is terminology for every magical action, the items often having Turkic or Altaic roots, and sometimes borrowed from other languages.
An Analysis of Abstract Component in Journal Article Written by Students’ In 61st Graduation of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
Authors: Ismayenti Annis , Elmiati Elmiati , Sesmiyanti Sesmiyanti 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKAbstrak adalah ringkasan atau poin dari sebuah laporan hasil penelitian ataupun karya ilmiah. Fenomena yang ditemukan dikebanyakan abstrak adalah belum terpenuhinya isi yang lengkap pada abstrak sesuai dengan indikator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen dan abstrak pada jurnal artikel wisudawan ke-61 Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana menggunakan metode content analysis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa jurnal artikel wisudawan/ti ke-61 Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Peneliti menggunakan dokumen ceklis dan field notes sebagai instrumen dalam penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menggunakan purpossive sampling, yaitu mengambil jurnal artikel berdasarkan mahasiswa yang telah lulus dalam rentang waktu 4 tahun. Peneliti menganalisis data dengan cara melihat setiap komponen dari masing-masing jurnal artikel. Ada 4 teknik analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu the process involves preparing the data for analyzing, organizing different analysis, understanding the data deeply, representing the data, and interpreting the large meaning of the data. Dari tekni analisis data tersebut, peneliti menemukan hasil dari penelitian yaitu abstrak pada jurnal artikel wisudawan masih terdapat kekurangan dalam membuat introduction, method, result, dan discussion. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa komponen abstrak pada jurnal artikel wisudawan ke-61 masih belum lengkap. Jadi untuk selanjutnya, sebelum menulis abstrak penulis harus memperhatikan komponen abstrak seperti yang sudah dijelaskan oleh teori.Kata Kunci: Abstrak, Jurnal Artikel, Komponen Abstrak.
El movimiento postumista: enfoque filosófico 100 años después
Authors: Minaya Santos Julio 
Published: December 2021

El artículo realiza un enfoque filosófico sobre el movimiento poético y literario postumista, con motivo de celebrarse este año 2021 el centenario de su Manifiesto en Santo Domingo. Se parte de cuatro núcleos teóricos principales: sensibilidad estética, ética poética, realce axiológico de lo propio y búsqueda de autonomía intelectual. El Postumismo significó un movimiento de vanguardia que dio un giro a la forma tradicional de concebir la obra poética, conforme se abandona el axioma clasicista en que rima y ritmo representaban condiciones sine qua non para validar dicho género literario. Al acuñar la expresión “acento emocional” como categoría estética, la escuela postumista abre un horizonte para una comprensión nueva del fenómeno poético, donde las palabras pierden relevancia frente al rol preponderante del tono emocional. El postumismo puso a la poesía, y luego a todo arte literario, a cantarle a la vida cotidiana, a la naturaleza, a lo autóctono. Además, propugnó la autonomía del pensamiento y la conversión de la poesía y del arte en sentido general, en una base esencial para embellecer y dignificar la vida humana. De ahí que la importancia del postumismo no radique únicamente dejar como legado la primera escuela poética y literaria surgida en República Dominicana, sino también en su apuesta por una mayor valoración material y espiritual del pueblo dominicano y Latinoamérica.
Condicionamento litoestrutural e diferenciação preliminar dos vales do planalto vulcânico sul-rio-grandense a partir de parâmetros morfométricos da drenagem
Authors: De Sordi Michael Vinicius , Paisani Julio Cesar , Pereira Josielle Samara 
Published: December 2021

Em escala regional, o estudo da morfologia dos vales e sua evolução de longo-termo frente a ação de diferentes condicionantes ativos e passivos ainda é questão aberta no Planalto Vulcânico Sul-Rio-Grandense (PVSRG). Assim, no presente estudo foram empregados parâmetros morfométricos do gradiente dos canais e o ks(n) visando identificar diferenças na morfologia e dinâmica erosiva de longo-termo nessa área. Os resultados mostram que, rio drenando rochas ácidas e intermediárias, das formações Chapecó e Caxias apresentam gradiente acima de 0,013 e maior densidade de knickpoints (mais de 0,05 knickpoints por km de drenagem). Da mesma forma, os valores mais elevados de ks(n), acima de 17,9, ocorrem em vales sobre rochas ácidas. Por sua vez, vales instalados sobre rochas básicas e intermediárias, das formações Gramado, Esmeralda, Várzea do Cedro, Paranapanema e Alegrete são mais planos, com gradiente abaixo de 0,010 e menos de 0,03 knickpoints por km de drenagem, refletindo em valores médios de ks(n) inferiores a 11,9. Portanto, a aplicação de índices morfométricos tornou possível identificar diferenças entre os cursos d’água no PVSRG de acordo com as características litoestruturais do embasamento local de modo rápido, eficiente e de baixo custo.
Las bacterias, su nutrición y crecimiento: una mirada desde la química
Authors: Caycedo Lozano Liliana , Corrales Ramírez Lucía Constanza , Trujillo Suárez Diana Marcela 
Published: December 2021

La nutrición es un conjunto procesos y reacciones mediante las cuales los seres vivos toman del medio, en el que habitan, las sustancias químicas que necesitan para crecer, multiplicarse y hacer uso de la energía.Las sustancias mencionadas anteriormente, se denominan nutrientes y son utilizadas con dos fines: energéticos cuando se requieren para el mantenimiento y biosintéticos cuando se demandan para la síntesis de componentes (anabolismo)
En el primer caso (energéticos) las bacterias se dividen en litótrofas cuando hacen uso de sustancias inorgánicas simples como (SH2, S, NH3, NO2-, Fe, entre otras); y organótrofas cuando su requerimiento es de sustancias orgánicas (carbohidratos, hidrocarburos, lípidos, proteínas y alcoholes entre otras). En el segundo caso (biosintéticos), se pueden diferenciar en: autótrofas, cuando la síntesis la realizan a partir de sustancias inorgánicas simples (CO2) y heterótrofas cuando su fuente de carbono es orgánica, pero también pueden utilizar otros elementos distintos al C, que pueden ser captados en forma inorgánica.Sean autótrofas o heterótrofas, todas las bacterias requieren de una serie de sustancias químicas, que se pueden clasificar en macronutrientes o micronutrientes de acuerdo con la cantidad que de estas se requieran.
Clinical and pathogenetic role of state of prooxidant-antioxidant regulation in patients with purulent meningitis in the dynamics of disease
Authors: D. A. Zadyraka  , E. V. Riabokon  
Published: December 2021

The paper shows, that patients with purulent meningitis on the background of severe clinical and laboratory changes had a disturbance of prooxidant-antioxidant regulation with a shift towards activation of free radical oxidation. In the dynamics of the disease, after 7-10 days of conventional treatment, against the background of a reduction of cephalic and meningeal syndromes intensity, a normalization of liquor and hemogram indices, in most patients there was a further decrease in catalase activity and an increase of nitrites, of parameters of spontaneous and induced oxidative modification of blood proteins that remained when the patients were discharged, compared with healthy people.
Metabolic disorders in patients with Hypertensive Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease separatly and in combination (reference review)
Authors: S. V. Biletskyi  , V. V. Boyko  , M. P. Sumariuk  
Published: December 2021

Literature data devoted to metabolic disorders in patients with Hypertensive Disease, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease separately and in combination were analyzed.
Antimicrobial agents in food products as a new threat of formation of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms
Authors: V. V. Patraboy  , D. V. Rotar  
Published: December 2021

In the article theve have been discussed the main directions of use of antimicrobial agents in the food industry and the consequences of formation of reservoir of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms for the healthcare system. The main emphasis was made on the differences between the control of use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in the European Union, the USA and Ukraine, as well as the quality of informing healthcare services about detection of resistant strains of microorganisms.
Study of biophysical mechanisms of blood microcirculation and development of physical methods of its investigation from the standpoint of electromagnetism
Authors: M. V. Shaplavs’kyi  , T. M. Boichuk  , O. V. Gutsul  , V. V. Buzhdygan  , P. M. Hrygoryshyn  , L. Yu. Zavyansky  , O. Yu. Mykytiuk  , V. Z. Slobodian  , L. M. Shynkura  
Published: December 2021

The paper provides a review of main results of the investigation of blood microcirculation conducted in accordance with the last decade’s scheduled research studies concerning biophysical mechanisms of blood microcirculation from point of view of its electromagnetic properties. The authors provide argumentation for development of principally new physical analyses of blood with the stress on its flow properties. Their approach is based on reproduction of in vivo conditions with recording of the change of electrical and magnetic properties of blood formed elements, their fluctuations under conditions of hormone control and free blood microcirculation.
Problems of preparing pharmacists on organic chemistry course for “Step 1. Pharmacy”
Authors: O. O. Perepelytsia  , A. M. Grozav  
Published: December 2021

In this article problems of preparing pharmacists on organic chemistry for “Step 1. Pharmacy” are considered. Low success rates on the subject on the integrated licensing exam are explained by the students’ low initial level of knowledge on organic chemistry which is related to the insufficient quantity of teaching hours given to the subject by the III degree secondary schools’ standard level program. The strategy of gradual preparation of students-pharmacists to the exam is proposed.
生物醫學技術發展應該改變14天法則限制嗎？
Authors: WANG Hongqi 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Developments in research have made culturing human embryos beyond the 14-day limit seem technologically feasible. In the article “Emerging Human Embryo Research Technologies, the 14-day Rule, and the Special Status of the Embryo,” the authors examine a proposal for new human embryo and embryoid research guidelines by reviewing the history of the 14-day limit and emerging areas of research that are impacted by these guidelines. However, as noted by the authors, changes in science policy should not be developed solely by scientists. Instead, policy development should reflect the reality of science as a public endeavor. After 40 years of consensus, any attempts to revoke the 14-day limit on the in vitro culturing of human embryos should rely on public and stakeholder engagement.
“超人類主義”是主體形而上學的新形式
Authors: SHI Xianming 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Transhumanism is a contemporary form of Western “subject metaphysics” that combines the dual elements of Cartesianism and Nietzsche's “metaphysics of will.” The essence of Eros is the human desire for totality, which is interlinked with the secret desire for today's “human enhancement” technology. The Confucian idea of “the unity of heaven and man”（天人合一）can solve many problems in the debate between biological conservatism and bioprogressivism. The ideological foundation of this idea in Laozi's and Zhuangzi's thought should be taken seriously. Recognition of human limitations is an important aspect of traditional Confucian—Taoist wisdom, but human enhancement technology is in essence a tool for “excessive reduction”.
態度、原則與方法：儒家對後人類未來監管可能的貢獻
Authors: PAN Xinli 
Published: December 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Human beings are facing problems entailed by the development and application of human enhancement technology. Confucianism and transhumanism respond to these problems in fundamentally different ways. Confucianism calls for a “careful attitude”, makes use of an “adaptable method”, and bases on the principle that technology is a tool for human continuity and development. Such an attitude, principle and method may represent the contribution of Confucianism to our supervision of Posthuman future.