bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Microhydro Power Plant Prototype Based on Kelekar River Flow Discharge
Authors: Indrayani  , Renny Citra Ramadhani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is a country that has a very large water source, so it has the potential to develop hydro power plant as a superior resource. One of the rivers in the province of South Sumatra has the potential to be developed as a source of micro-hydro power plants, namely the Kelekar River in Ogan Ilir Regency. The existence of the Sriwijaya University Embung which is located on the Kelekar River can certainly support the use of Kelakar River water as a micro hydro power plant. The design of a prototype for a micro-hydro power plant aims to obtain a model of the tool as a reference in making a power plant tool in the field. Making prototypes of the tool refers to the results of previous research on the characteristics of the Kelekar River, namely the design discharge (Qd) of 0.45m3/sec, the effective fall height (Heff) at the embung is 3.475792 m, the water flow power is 15,344 kW, and the power (pt) produced by the turbine is 11,508 kW with the turbine efficiency (ŋt) of 0.75. The resulting discharge is 0.000145 m3/s with a transmission speed of 23.078 m/s, and the resulting energy is 4.944 Watt.
MA Filter-based Modeling and Control of Smoothing Photovoltaic Power Fluctuations by Inverter Air Conditioners
Authors: Xu Lizhong , Xie Kang , Lu Chunliang , Qi Taoyi , Ma Xiang , Lv Leiyan , Yao Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Renewable energies (RES) will receive higher attention in the future, and continuously increase the penetration rate in the power system to achieve low carbon goal. However, the volatility and intermittent nature of RES generation caused by the uncertainty of the weather have brought huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power system. IACs have become a substitute for traditional power plants to accommodate RES by changing their operating power. This paper proposes a control method based on the MA filter to smooth photovoltaic generation power fluctuations utilizing inverter air conditioners (IACs). The photovoltaic power data is filtered by the MA filter in real time firstly. An output power with little fluctuations and one power deviation with high frequency fluctuations are obtained. The power deviation with high frequency fluctuations will be smoothed by IACs, while the remaining power deviation will be smoothed by ESSs. The case studies show a smooth power output is obtained for the power system after filtering.
Global Poetry and Provincial Poetics
Authors: Nersessian Anahid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis review of three books—two works of contemporary literary criticism and one anthology—considers how ideals of multiculturalism and linguistic hybridity have informed recent thinking about poetry and its political ends. Jahan Ramazani’s Poetry in a Global Age is praised for its formal attentiveness and Jen Hedler Phillis’s Poems of the American Empire for its inventive incorporation of Virgil’s Aeneid into its understanding of modern poetry’s vacillation between lyric and epic registers. Meanwhile, the anthology American Poets in the 21st Century: Poetics of Social Engagement, edited by Michael Dowdy and Claudia Rankine, is described as a book well-suited for students interested in various strains of and controversies within contemporary poetics. Several contemporary poets (Cathy Park Hong, Allison Adelle Hedge Coke, Raquel Salas Rivera, Bhanu Kapil) are discussed as well as some modernist poets, particularly those who, like Ezra Pound, offer examples of a multilingual poetics from earlier in the twentieth century.
Lemon myrtle extract inhibits lactate production by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Yabuta Yukinori , Sato Yui , Miki Arisu , Nagata Ryuta , Bito Tomohiro , Ishihara Atsushi , Watanabe Fumio 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) extract has been found to inhibit glucansucrase activity, which plays an important role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In addition to glucansucrase, various virulence factors in S. mutans are involved in the initiation of caries. Lactate produced by S. mutans demineralizes the tooth enamel. This study investigated whether lemon myrtle extract can inhibit S. mutans lactate production. Lemon myrtle extract reduced the glycolytic pH drop in S. mutans culture and inhibited lactate production by at least 46%. Ellagic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, major polyphenols in lemon myrtle, reduced the glycolytic pH drop and lactate production, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, these polyphenols reduced the viable S. mutans cell count. Thus, lemon myrtle extracts may inhibit S. mutans-mediated acidification of the oral cavity, thereby preventing dental caries and tooth decay.
Combining First and Second-Tier Newborn Screening in a Single Assay Using High-Throughput Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Austin Pickens C , Isenberg Samantha L , Cuthbert Carla , Petritis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Most first-tier newborn screening (NBS) biomarkers are evaluated by a 2-min flow injection analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) assay. The absence of separation prior to MS/MS analysis can lead to false positives and inconclusive results due to interferences by nominal isobars and isomers. Therefore, many presumptive positive specimens require confirmation by a higher specificity second-tier assay employing separations, which require additional time and resources prior to patient follow-up.

Methods
A 3.2-mm punch was taken from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens and extracted using a solution containing isotopically labeled internal standards for quantification. Analyses were carried out in positive mode using a commercially available microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) system coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS).

Results
The CE-HRMS platform quantified 35 first- and second-tier biomarkers from a single injection in &lt;2-min acquisition time, thus, successfully multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS for over 20 disorders in a single DBS punch. The CE-HRMS platform resolved problematic isobars and isomers that affect first-tier FIA-MS/MS assay specificity, while achieving similar quantitative results and assay linearity.

Conclusions
Our CE-HRMS assay is capable of multiplexing first- and second-tier NBS biomarkers into a single assay with an acquisition time of &lt;2 min. Such an assay would reduce the volume of false positives and inconclusive specimens flagged for second-tier screening.
Two-Hop Relay Deployment Based on User Trajectory in Wireless Networks
Authors: Li Zhiyao , Ouyang Siru , Gao Xiaofeng , Chen Guihai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The traditional relay deployment problem typically assumes that the locations of users are known and stationary, which is not realistic in practice. The prevalence of mobile devices has made it possible to collect user trajectory and account for user movement while deploying relays. Under this background, a novel problem trajectory-based relay deployment (TBRD) is put forward. This problem considers communication-related metrics and is aimed at maximizing user connection time as users roam through the target area under relay resource constraints, which is more reasonable than the goal of expanding the relay coverage. To figure out the TBRD, we first propose the concept demand nodes (DNs), which are virtual weighted nodes representing the locations where users frequently pass or stay for a long period. Next, we design a Demand Node Generation algorithm that can transform the continuous historical user trajectory into a number of discrete DNs. By generating DNs, we convert the TBRD problem into a demand node coverage (DNC) problem, which is proved to be NP-complete. Followed by that, we introduce an approximation algorithm, named Submodular Iterative Deployment Algorithm, which solves the DNC problem with the approximation factor $1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{e\cdot (1-1/k)}}$, where $e$ is the mathematical constant, and $k$ is the relay number constraint. Finally, five real trajectory datasets are used to evaluate our proposed algorithm, and the simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm can obtain high coverage for users in motion, which can lead to better user experience. In addition, we also analyze the impact of different parameters on the coverage performance, and under this circumstance, we may safely come to the conclusion that our work is at the leading edge to utilize user trajectories for relay deployment in wireless networks.
Exploring the evolutionary process of alkannin/shikonin O-acyltransferases by a reliable Lithospermum erythrorhizon genome
Authors: Tang Chengyi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Increasing genome data are coming out. Genome size estimation plays an essential role in guiding genome assembly. Several months ago, other researchers were the first to publish a draft genome of the red gromwell (i.e. Lithospermum erythrorhizon). However, we considered that the genome size they estimated and assembled was incorrect. This study meticulously estimated the L. erythrorhizon genome size to should be ∼708.74 Mb and further provided a reliable genome version (size ≈ 693.34 Mb; contigN50 length ≈ 238.08 Kb) to support our objection. Furthermore, according to our genome, we identified a gene family of the alkannin/shikonin O-acyltransferases (i.e. AAT/SAT) that catalysed enantiomer-specific acylations in the alkannin/shikonin biosynthesis (a characteristic metabolic pathway in L. erythrorhizon’s roots) and further explored its evolutionary process. The results indicated that the existing AAT/SAT were not generated from only one round of gene duplication but three rounds; after different rounds of gene duplication, the existing AAT/SAT and their recent ancestors were under positive selection at different amino acid sites. These suggested that a combined power from gene duplication plus positive selection plausibly propelled AAT/SAT’s functional differentiation in evolution.
All Options Are on the Table? Time Horizons and the Decision-Making Process in Conflict
Authors: Dvir Rotem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores how time horizons shape the decision-making process in international conflicts. I posit that leaders assess only a subset of the available policy options. The proposed decision-making model suggests that time horizons serve as a screening mechanism. Only policies that fit the actor's time horizon enter the choice set and can be eventually selected. Thus, variations in actors’ time horizons generate different choice sets in terms of size and composition. These different choice sets affect the identity of the selected policy. Using a two-phase experiment, I demonstrate that short time horizons reduce the choice set size and the type of options that are considered. The selection of the final policy is sensitive to the inherent trade-off in policy implications and to the composition of the choice set. These findings clarify the influence of time horizons on conflict choices within a two-phase decision process. It also explains why, facing international conflicts, political leaders are not likely to place all policy options “on the table.”
Circulating soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product is associated with bicuspid aortic aneurysm progression via NF-κB pathway
Authors: Jia Hao , Kang Le , Lu Shuyang , Chen Zhenhang , Shen Jinqiang , Huang Ben , Zou Yunzeng , Sun Yongxin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have a high risk of aortic dilation and adverse vascular events. Previous studies had reported soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) to compete with receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) for ligand binding and inhibit the activation of nuclear-factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) transcription. Thus, sRAGE serum levels may contribute to the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of ascending aorta aneurysm in patients with BAV.

METHODS
To eliminate the confounding factors, 44 patients with BAV were divided into 3 subgroups according to the diameter of ascending aorta, and 20 patients with tricuspid aortic valve and normal-sized ascending aorta were selected as a control group. Protein levels and gene transcription of several variates were evaluated in the tissue and serum samples from these patients. Human aortic smooth muscle cells were treated with AGE-BSA in gradient concentrations, and changes in phenotype and protein and mRNA levels were detected.

RESULTS
Serum levels of sRAGE in the 3 BAV groups were obviously higher than those in the tricuspid aortic valve group, although there was negative correlation between the serum sRAGE levels and ascending aortic diameters among patients with BAV. Transcript expression levels of RAGE and NF-κBp65 mRNA were increased in the 3 BAV groups and RAGE/NF-κB pathway was activated with the progression of ascending aortic aneurysm. Abnormal activation of RAGE/NF-κB pathway was observed in AGE-BSA-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study has shown a trend in serum levels of sRAGE among patients with BAV, and that the cellular and extracellular pathological processes are quite serious even in the normal-sized or slightly dilated aorta. Together, the findings indicated that sRAGE may be used as a biomarker to predict aneurysm expansion rates and the risk of adverse vascular events.
African Countries’ Debt: A Tale of Acceleration at Multiple Speeds and Shades
Authors: Songwe Vera , Awiti Christine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over 50% of African countries had debt to GDP ratios above 50% in 2019 with at least 48% of countries having debt to GDP ratios above 70%. The rise in debt levels is a recent phenomenon, with most countries’ debt increasing between 2014 and 2019. In this paper, we propose a new approach to debt monitoring. We argue that the speed of debt accumulation matters and that monitoring the speed of debt could alter the path of debt to more sustainable debt levels. We carry out an empirical analysis for all African countries in the 10 years to 2018 and group countries into seven categories based on their speed of growth of debt and their debt levels. We find that there is heterogeneity in country debt acquisition and that ensuing policies to ensure sustainable debt will need to be country specific.
Open notes sounds great, but will a provider’s documentation change? An exploratory study of the effect of open notes on oncology documentation
Authors: Rahimian Maryam , Warner Jeremy L , Salmi Liz , Rosenbloom S Trent , Davis Roger B , Joyce Robin M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The effects of shared clinical notes on patients, care partners, and clinicians (“open notes”) were first studied as a demonstration project in 2010. Since then, multiple studies have shown clinicians agree shared progress notes are beneficial to patients, and patients and care partners report benefits from reading notes. To determine if implementing open notes at a hematology/oncology practice changed providers’ documentation style, we assessed the length and readability of clinicians’ notes before and after open notes implementation at an academic medical center in Boston, MA, USA.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed 143 888 notes from 60 hematology/oncology clinicians before and after the open notes debut at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, from January 1, 2012 to September 1, 2016. We measured the providers’ (medical doctor/nurse practitioner) documentation styles by analyzing character length, the number of addenda, note entry mode (dictated vs typed), and note readability. Measurements used 5 different readability formulas and were assessed on notes written before and after the introduction of open notes on November 25, 2013.

Results
After the introduction of open notes, the mean length of progress notes increased from 6174 characters to 6648 characters (P &lt; .001), and the mean character length of the “assessment and plan” (A&P) increased from 1435 characters to 1597 characters (P &lt; .001). The Average Grade Level Readability of progress notes decreased from 11.50 to 11.33, and overall readability improved by 0.17 (P = .01). There were no statistically significant changes in the length or readability of “Initial Notes” or Letters, inter-doctor communication, nor in the modality of the recording of any kind of note.

Conclusions
After the implementation of open notes, progress notes and A&P sections became both longer and easier to read. This suggests clinician documenters may be responding to the perceived pressures of a transparent medical records environment.
Cannabinoid Cancer Biology and Prevention
Authors: McAllister Sean D , Abood Mary E , Califano Joseph , Guzmán Manuel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Plant-based, synthetic, and endogenous cannabinoids have been shown to control a diverse array of biological processes, including regulation of cell fate across cancers. Their promise as broad-based antitumor agents in preclinical models has led to the initiation of pilot clinical trials. Session 5 of the National Cancer Institute’s Cannabis, Cannabinoids and Cancer Research Symposium provides an overview of this research topic. Overall, the presentations highlight cannabinoid signal transduction and specific molecular mechanisms underlying cannabinoid antitumor activity. They also demonstrate the broad-based antitumor activity of the plant-based, synthetic, and endogenous cannabinoid compounds. Importantly, evidence is presented demonstrating when cannabinoids may be contraindicated as a treatment for cancer, as in the case of human papilloma virus–meditated oropharynx cancer or potentially other p38 MAPK pathway–driven cancers. Finally, it is discussed that a key to advancing cannabinoids into the clinic is to conduct well-designed, large-scale clinical trials to determine whether cannabinoids are effective antitumor agents in cancer patients.
Oral Appliances for OSA Treatment: Meeting the Quadruple Aim
Authors: Knowles S , Dekow Matthew , Williamson Michele L 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn order to better treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a more efficient and cost-effective way, a joint program between dental clinics and the sleep medicine clinic was piloted at Fort Hood, Texas. Obstructive sleep apnea negatively affects soldier readiness and deployability, leading to the need to establish a successful and proven workflow to treat these patients with oral appliance therapy (OAT).Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a de-identified data set which included 288 patients from July 2016 to July 2020. Projected cost data were obtained from routinely collected sleep clinic positive airway pressure (PAP) data. Data were analyzed to determine treatment success and potential cost savings using OAT versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Patient workflow including successes and challenges with the program is summarized.ResultsAbout 85.5% of patients met criteria for successful control of their OSA using OAT as treatment. Five patients did not tolerate OAT and switched back to CPAP. A higher (less severe) O2 nadir on diagnostic polysomnography is moderately correlated with OAT success. Diagnostic Apnea–Hypopnea Index was inversely and weakly correlated with success. Two of the major challenges noted in the program were (1) loss of follow-up and (2) the length of time from oral appliance referral to fitting the oral appliance. If this program was successfully implemented at other Defense Health Agency (DHA) medical treatment facility (MTF) markets nationwide, a potential cost savings of over $500,000/year/MTF could be achieved.ConclusionsOral appliance therapy has the potential to increase both readiness and deployability for active duty soldiers. Using baseline O2 nadir can help predict success with OAT patients, determining which patients will benefit from this joint program between the dental and medical sleep clinics. Future studies can aim to establish an evidence-based pathway for clinic testing and follow-up. If this patient workflow is implemented properly, there can be significant cost savings army-wide. This all helps The United States Medical Command (MEDCOM) align with the DHA’s Quadruple Aim of increased readiness, better health, better care, and lower cost.
Ten-Step Minimally Invasive Treatment of Lumbar Giant Disc Herniation via Unilateral Tubular Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Kirnaz Sertac , Kocharian Gary , Sommer Fabian , McGrath Lynn B , Goldberg Jacob L , Härtl Roger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Giant disc herniation (GDH) is generally defined as a lumbar disc herniation that obstructs 50% or more of the space in the spinal canal.
1-3
Common treatment options for GDH include unilateral interlaminar approach, bilateral approach, or open full laminectomy.
4,5
Surgical treatment of GDH may be challenging because severe bilateral compression of neural elements in the spinal canal increases the risk of iatrogenic injury to nerve roots and dura. The surgical approach can be further complicated by calcification, hardening, and dehydration of the GDH tissue. The prevailing opinion in the literature is that giant disc herniations cannot safely be treated via tubular minimally invasive approaches.
5-7
In this video, we present a case of a 52-yr-old male patient with a history of progressive low back pain that radiates bilaterally from the buttocks toward the posterior legs and knees for 2 yr because of a GDH at the L4-5 level. The patient was treated via a tubular “over-the-top” minimally invasive decompression in order to first provide generous bilateral decompression of neural elements and dura.
8,9
After sufficient decompression at the surgical level, the discectomy was performed via an ipsilateral piecemeal resection of the GDH. The “over-the-top” contralateral mobilization of disc herniation was also achieved with this approach, which facilitated the removal of the entire disc fragment. Patient consent was obtained prior to performing the procedure. Therefore, GDH should not be considered as a contraindication for tubular decompression when this modified technique is performed.
Cancer and Portfolio Choice: Evidence from Norwegian Register Data
Authors: Døskeland Trond , Kvaerner Jens Soerlie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We examine the personal investment decisions of 60,000 households following a cancer diagnosis. To create a control group that minimizes the likelihood that the results are confounded by lifestyle factors, we rely on households diagnosed with the same diagnosis but a few years later. Our estimates show that a cancer diagnosis reduces households’ willingness to take risks with their financial wealth. We use the vast heterogeneity among cancers regarding its impact on life expectancy (LE) and income to analyze through which channels cancer impact risk-taking. We find that cancers that have a greater impact on LE and income cause a larger reduction in risk-taking. These two channels account for about 40–90% of the estimated effects of cancer on personal investment decisions. We do not find any association between having dealt with cancer many years ago and current portfolio choices.