bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical observation of mild hypothermia combined with intravenous thrombolysis in treating patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Gao Lilin , Wo Xuewen , Wang Zhonggong 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To investigate the clinical effect of mild hypothermia combined with intravenous thrombolysis in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.
Methods: Eighty-eight patients with acute cerebral infarction in Binzhou People’s Hospital between May 2018 and August 2019 were randomly selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 44 patients in each group. The control group was given intravenous thrombolysis; the observation group was treated with mild hypothermia (30-350C) in addition to intravenous thrombolytic thrombolysis. The clinical efficacy, incidence of complications, oxidative stress indexes, inflammatory factor level, neurological function, and mental state of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.
Results: The clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of oxidative stress indexes and inflammatory factors between the two groups before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of oxidative stress indexes and inflammatory factors of the two groups significantly improved, and the improvement of the observation group was better than that of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the neurological function and mental state between the two groups before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the neurological function and mental state of the two groups significantly improved, and the improvement of the observation group was better than that of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications and mortality between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Thrombolytic therapy combined with mild hypothermia has a good efficacy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. The therapy can improve the neurological function of patients with acute cerebral infarction by significantly improving the oxidative stress index and relieving the inflammatory reaction. Its efficacy is better than single thrombolytic therapy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4499
How to cite this:Zhang S, Gao L, Wo X, Wang Z. Clinical observation of mild hypothermia combined with intravenous thrombolysis in treating patients with acute cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4499
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of outcomes of medication therapy management (MTM) services for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Liu Jiayun , Geng Zhihui , Bai Shuang 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of clinical pharmacist-led medication therapy management (MTM) services for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: Two hundred COPD patients admitted by the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Baoding No.1 Central Hospital during January 2019 and December 2020 were randomly assigned to a control group (n =100) and an experimental group (n =100). Patients in the control group received conventional treatment, while those in the experimental group were provided with MTM services based on the conventional treatment for comparative analysis of outcome measures, including use of antibacterials during hospital stay, length of stay (LoS), costs of hospitalization (CoH), cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and medication adherence (MA) and COPD assessment test (CAT) score one and six months after discharge.
Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group had reduced use of antibacterials during hospital stay, LoS, CoH, and ADR rate (P <0.05). After discharge, patients in both groups showed remarkable improvements in MA and CAT scores in comparison with their performances upon admission, and the experimental group exhibited better MA and higher CAT score than the control group, with the differences indicating statistical significance (P <0.05).
Conclusion: MTM designed for COPD patients can improve pharmacist-led service quality and clinical outcomes of COPD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4518
How to cite this:Liu M, Liu J, Geng Z, Bai S. Evaluation of outcomes of medication therapy management (MTM) services for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4518
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology
Authors: Fadjare Frempong Theophilus , Owusu Boadi Nathaniel , Badu Mercy 
Published: September 2021

Background: The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. Furthermore, phenolic compounds do not disperse evenly and may be connected to cell walls, carbohydrates, or proteins. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. Methods: Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was statistically significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. Results: The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. Conclusions: The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases.
Differential enrichment of yeast DNA in SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes supports synthetic origin hypothesis
Authors: Lisewski Andreas Martin 
Published: September 2021

Background: Knowledge about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary for both a biological and epidemiological understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that a proximal evolutionary ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the bat coronavirus family. However, as further evidence for a direct zoonosis remains limited, alternative modes of SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis should be also considered. Results: Here we show that genomes from SARS-CoV-2 and from closely related coronaviruses are differentially enriched with short chromosomal sequences from the yeast S. cerevisiae at focal positions that are known to be critical for virus replication, host cell invasion, and host immune response. Specifically, for SARS-CoV-2, we identify two sites: one at the start of the viral replicase domain, and the other at the end of the spike gene past its critical domain junction; for SARS-CoV-1, one at the start of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene, and the other at the start of the spike protein’s receptor binding domain. As yeast is not a natural host for this virus family, we propose a directed passage model for viral constructs, including virus replicase, in yeast cells based on co-transformation of virus DNA plasmids carrying yeast selectable genetic markers followed by intra-chromosomal homologous recombination through gene conversion. Highly differential sequence homology data across yeast chromosomes congruent with chromosomes harboring specific auxotrophic markers further support this passage model. Model and data together allow us to infer a hypothetical tripartite genome assembly scheme for the synthetic biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, but not that of RaTG13 and all other closest SARS coronavirus family members identified, are carriers of distinct homology signals that might point to large-scale genomic editing during a passage of directed replication and chromosomal integration inside genetically modified yeast cells.
Modelling temporal data in knowledge graphs: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hooshafza Sepideh , Orlandi Fabrizio , Flynn Rachel , McQuaid Louise , Stephens Gaye , O'Connor Laura 
Published: September 2021

Background: The benefits of having high-quality healthcare data are well established. However, high-dimensionality and irregularity of healthcare data pose challenges in their management. Knowledge graphs have gained increasing popularity in many domains, as a method for representing data to overcome such challenges. However, little is known about their suitability for use with healthcare data. One important factor in representing data is “time”.Data with time related attributes are considered, temporal data. Temporal data are frequently observed in healthcare and the management of rapidly changing patient data is an ongoing challenge. Traditionally, data models have focused on presenting static data and do not account for temporal data. Temporal data models ensure time consistency in data models and assist analysing the history of data and predicting the future trends in data. Knowledge graphs can include temporal data models and are therefore of interest to the field of healthcare data management. As such, the herein aim is to outline a protocol for an inter-disciplinary systematic review of approaches, applications and challenges in modelling temporal data in knowledge graphs so that we can inform the application of knowledge graphs to healthcare data. Method: The research questions is, what are the existing approaches in modelling temporal data in knowledge graphs. Two sub-questions on applications, and challenges will also be evaluated. ACM digital library, IEEEXplore and ScienceDirect will be searched for this review. The search will be limited to peer-reviewed literature referring to knowledge graphs based on Resource Description Framework (RDF). A narrative synthesis of the papers will be conducted. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review will be useful for data engineers to better represent data and perform analytics through temporal data modelling. They can be applied in the context of healthcare data and the current challenges faced in managing rapidly changing patient data.
Temperature dependencies of the refractive index for Al-Ga-In-As metamorphic layers
Authors: Emelyanov V. M. , Levina S. A. , Kalyuzhnyy N. A. , Mintairov S. A. , Nakhimovich M. V. , Shvarts M. Z. 
Published: September 2021

Temperature dependencies of the refractive indices,

n

, for

I
n

x

G
a

1
−
x

A
s

and

I
n

x

A
l

1
−
x

A
s

metamorphic layers with

x
=

0.06

−

0.25

have been determined. For this purpose, we performed variable-temperature (80 to 400 K) measurements of the specular reflection coefficient using custom distributed-Bragg-reflector structures in the spectral range from 0.8 µm to 2.2 µm. All the compositions exhibited a nearly linear temperature dependence of

n

. For

I
n

x

G
a

1
−
x

A
s

, the temperature coefficient (

d
n

/

d
T

) increases from

2.0

⋅

10

−
4

K

−
1

for

x
=

0.06

to

4.5

⋅

10

−
4

K

−
1

at

x
=

0.25

. In turn, the temperature coefficient of the

I
n

x

A
l

1
−
x

A
s

refractive index stays at the level of

(

1.7

−

2.0

)
⋅

10

−
4

K

−
1

at the considered indium contents.
Elevated C-reactive protein in early COVID-19 predicts worse survival among hospitalized geriatric patients
Authors: Villoteau Adeline , Asfar Marine , Otekpo Marie , Loison Jocelyne , Gautier Jennifer , Annweiler Cédric ,   on behalf of the GERIA-COVID study group
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe objective of this cohort study was to determine whether elevated CRP in early COVID-19 was associated with 14-day mortality in geriatric patients.MethodsPlasma CRP levels at hospital admission and 14-day all-cause mortality were assessed in geriatric inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19. Potential confounders were age, sex, functional abilities, history of malignancies, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, albuminemia, number of acute health issues, use of antibiotics and respiratory treatments.ResultsNinety-five participants (mean±SD 88.0±5.5years; 49.5%women; mean CRP, 76.7±77.5mg/L; mean albuminemia, 32.9±6.0g/L) were included. Sixteen participants who did not survive at day 14 exhibited higher CRP level at baseline than the others (120.3±71.2 versus 67.9±76.1 mg/L, P = 0.002). There was no difference in albuminemia (P = 0.329). Plasma CRP level was directly associated with 14-day mortality (fully adjusted HR = 1.11, P = 0.025). The cut-off for CRP associated with 14-day mortality was set at 35mg/L (sensitivity = 0.88; specificity = 0.56). Those with CRP<35mg/L had longer survival time than the others (log-rank P<0.001).ConclusionsElevated CRP levels were associated with poorer 14-day survival in hospitalized geriatric COVID-19 patients.
Traditional practices influencing the use of maternal health care services in Indonesia
Authors: Aryastami Ni Ketut , Mubasyiroh Rofingatul 
Published: September 2021

Background
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia is still high, 305, compared to 240 deaths per 100,000 in South East Asian Region. The use of Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) as a cascade for maternal health and delivery, suspected to be the pocket of the MMR problem. The study aimed to assess the influence of traditional practices on maternal health services in Indonesia.

Methods
We used two data sets of national surveys for this secondary data analysis. The samples included 14,798 mothers whose final delivery was between January 2005 and August 2010. The dependent variables were utilization of maternal healthcare, including receiving antenatal care (ANC≥4), attended by skilled birth attendance (SBA), and having a facility-based delivery (FBD). The independent variables were the use of traditional practices, type of family structure, and TBA density. We run a Multivariate logistic regression for the analysis by controlling all the covariates.

Results
Traditional practices and high TBA density have significantly inhibited the mother’s access to maternal health services. Mothers who completed antenatal care were 15.6% lost the cascade of facility-based delivery. The higher the TBA population, the lower cascade of the use of Maternal Health Services irrespective of the economic quintile. Mothers in villages with a high TBA density had significantly lower odds (AOR = 0.30; CI = 0.24–0.38; p<0.01) than mothers in towns with low TBA density. Moreover, mothers who lived in an extended family had positively significantly higher odds (AOR = 1.33, CI = 1.17–1.52; p<0.01) of using maternal health services.

Discussion
Not all mothers who have received proper antenatal delivered the baby in health care facilities or preferred a traditional birth attendance instead. Traditional practices influenced the ideal utilization of maternal health care. Maternal health care utilization can be improved by community empowerment through the maternal health policy to easier mothers get delivery in a health care facility.
The impact of the 2014 Ebola epidemic on HIV disease burden and outcomes in Liberia West Africa
Authors: Moses Soka J. , Wachekwa Ian , Van Ryn Collin , Grandits Greg , Pau Alice , Badio Moses , Kennedy Stephen B. , Sneller Michael C. , Higgs Elizabeth S. , Lane H. Clifford , Fallah Mosoka , Migueles Stephen A. , Reilly Cavan 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDetailed longitudinal studies of HIV-positive individuals in West Africa are lacking. Here the HIV prevalence, incidence, all-cause mortality, and the proportion of individuals receiving treatment with cART in two cohorts of participants in Ebola-related studies are described.SettingIndividuals of all ages were enrolled and followed at four sites in the area of Monrovia, Liberia.MethodsTwo cohorts identified in response to the Ebola epidemic are described to provide insights into the current state of the HIV epidemic. HIV testing was performed at baseline for participants in both cohorts and during follow-up in one cohort.ResultsPrevalence and incidence of HIV (prevalence of 3.1% for women and 1.4% for men and incidence of 3.3 per 1,000) were higher in these cohorts compared to 2018 national estimates (prevalence of 1.3% and incidence of 0.39 per 1,000). Most participants testing positive did not know their status prior to testing. Of those who knew they were HIV positive, 7.9% reported being on antiretroviral treatment. The death rate among those with HIV was 12.3% compared to 1.9% in HIV-negative individuals (adjusted odds ratio of 6.87). While higher levels of d-dimer were associated with increased mortality, this was not specific to those with HIV, however lower hemoglobin levels were associated with increased mortality among those with HIV.ConclusionThese findings point to a need to perform further research studies aimed at fulfilling these knowledge gaps and address current shortcomings in the provision of care for those living with HIV in Liberia.
Transforming the German ICD-10 (ICD-10-GM) into Injury Severity Score (ISS)—Introducing a new method for automated re-coding
Authors: Niemann Marcel , Märdian Sven , Niemann Pascal , Tetteh Liv , Tsitsilonis Serafeim , Braun Karl F. , Stöckle Ulrich , Graef Frank 
Published: September 2021

Background
While potentially timesaving, there is no program to automatically transform diagnosis codes of the ICD-10 German modification (ICD-10-GM) into the injury severity score (ISS).

Objective
To develop a mapping method from ICD-10-GM into ICD-10 clinical modification (ICD-10-CM) to calculate the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and ISS of each patient using the ICDPIC-R and to compare the manually and automatically calculated scores.

Methods
Between January 2019 and June 2021, the most severe AIS of each body region and the ISS were manually calculated using medical documentation and radiology reports of all major trauma patients of a German level I trauma centre. The ICD-10-GM codes of these patients were exported from the electronic medical data system SAP, and a Java program was written to transform these into ICD-10-CM codes. Afterwards, the ICDPIC-R was used to automatically generate the most severe AIS of each body region and the ISS. The automatically and manually determined ISS and AIS scores were then tested for equivalence.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed that the manually and automatically calculated ISS were significantly equivalent over the entire patient cohort. Further sub-group analysis, however, showed that equivalence could only be demonstrated for patients with an ISS between 16 and 24. Likewise, the highest AIS scores of each body region were not equal in the manually and automatically calculated group.

Conclusion
Though achieving mapping results highly comparable to previous mapping methods of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, it is not unrestrictedly possible to automatically calculate the AIS and ISS using ICD-10-GM codes.
Comparative Safety of Endoscopic vs Radiological Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Outcomes From a Large, Nationwide Veterans Affairs Database
Authors: Kohli Divyanshoo R. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Desai Madhav , Sharma Prateek 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
A gastrostomy is generally performed in patients who are unable to maintain volitional intake of food. We compared outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and interventional radiologist–guided gastrostomy (IRG) using an integrated nationwide database.

METHODS:
Using the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database, patients who underwent PEG or IRG from 2011 through 2021 were selected using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. The primary outcome was the comparative incidence of adverse events between PEG and IRG. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality. Comorbidities were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes, and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for adverse events were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 23,566 (70.7 ± 10.2 years) patients underwent PEG and 9,715 (69.6 ± 9.7 years) underwent IRG. Selected frequent indications for PEG vs IRG were as follows: stroke, 6.8% vs 5.3%, P < 0.01; aspiration pneumonia, 10.9% vs 6.8%, P < 0.001; feeding difficulties, 9.8% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01; and upper aerodigestive tract malignancies 58.8% vs 79.8%, P < 0.01. Across all subtypes of malignancies of the head and neck and foregut, the proportion of patients undergoing IRG was greater than those undergoing PEG (P < 0.001). The all-cause 30-day mortality and overall incidence of adverse events were significantly lower for PEG compared with those for IRG (PEG vs IRG): all-cause 30-day mortality, 9.35% vs 10.3% (OR 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.87; P < 0.01); perforation of the colon, 0.12% vs 0.24% (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.29–0.86; P = 0.04); peritonitis, 1.9% vs 2.7% (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.58–0.79; P < 0.01); and hemorrhage 1.6% vs 1% (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.83; P < 0.01).

DISCUSSION:
In a large nationwide database of more than 33,000 gastrostomy procedures, PEG was associated with a lower incidence of adverse outcomes and the 30-day mortality than IRG.