bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of scale of hazards due to pool fire for a fossil fired power plant in India
Authors: KUMAR ARUN , DASH S. K. , DHAKA S. K. 
Published: November 2021

Hazards for a fossil fired power plant located at coastal Gujarat in India have been assessed. The trajectory and spread of the plume from tanks of fossil fired power plant were predicted using existing models named Carter, Mills, Briggs and Zonato during winter and summer seasons with low and high wind speeds observed in day and night hours. Results show that wide areas of habitation and human settlement to the northeast of the site may be potentially under hazards due to southwesterly and southerly winds during summer. Plume heights and widths are found high in the morning hours or late night when wind speeds are low. As wind speed increases around noon, low plume heights and widths are obtained. Length scales become low at low wind speeds and vice-versa. Lethal doses of thermal radiation beyond radial distance of 70 m are within the tolerable limit under hazardous condition.
Simulation of storm surge associated with cyclones land falling Bangladesh coast
Authors: MOKIM MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH – AL , DEBSARMA SUJIT KUMAR , SHAFEE SULTANA 
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the basic features of storm surge phenomena using Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) model (installed at Bangladesh Meteorological Department) for the Bay of Bengal. To capture the storm surge scenarios, after the entrance of the cyclone into the northern part of the Bay of Bengal, high resolution IIT model has been used. The analysis area is from 18° N to 23° N and 83.5° E to 94.5° E. Bathymetric data required for the model has been taken from Royal Admiralty Table and ETOPO2 dataset. In this paper, various scenarios of storm surges are developed and then investigated for varying input parameter values. This paper also examines the time-series of surges at the fixed landfall point by using the data of three severe cyclonic storms when the cyclone approaches the landfall point.
Hemispheric sea ice extent dynamics as observed from MSMR
Authors: SHARMA NILAY , DASH M. K. , PANDEY P. C. , VYAS N. K. 
Published: November 2021

The ice covered regions of the polar seas influence the global climate in several ways. Any perturbation in the polar oceanic cryosphere affects the local weather and the global climate through modulation of the radiative forcing, the bottom water formation and the mass & the momentum transfer between Atmosphere-Cryosphere-Ocean System. The cold, harsh and inhospitable conditions in the polar regions prohibit the collection of extensive in situ data with sufficient spatial and temporal variation. However, satellite remote sensing is an ideal technique for studying the areas like the polar regions with synoptic and repetitive coverage. This paper discusses the analysis of the data obtained over the polar oceanic regions during the period June 1999 – September 2001 through the use of Multi-channel Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR), onboard India’s first oceanographic satellite Oceansat-1. The MSMR observation shows that all the sectors in the Antarctic behave differently to the melting and formation of the sea ice. Certain peculiar features like the increase in sea ice extent during the melt season of 1999 – 2000 in the Indian Ocean sector, 15 – 20% decrease in the sea ice extent in the western Pacific sector during the ice formation period for the year 2000, melting spell within the formation phase of sea ice in B & A sector in the year 2000 were observed. On the other hand the northern polar sea ice extent is seen to be more dominated by the land characteristics. The ice formation in Kara and the Barent Sea sector is dominated by the ocean currents, where as the ice covered in the Japan and the Okhotsk Sea is dominated by the land processes. The sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean show fluctuations from July to October and remain almost steady over other months. The global sea ice cover shows a formation phase from March to June and melting phase from November to February. In other months, i.e., from July – October the global sea ice cover is dominated by the hemispheric asymmetry of the ice growth and retreat.
An account of low level wind shear over Chennai airport - Part II : Turbulence and eddy dissipation
Authors: SURESH R. 
Published: November 2021

In-flight reports on Low Level Wind Shear (LLWS) received from aircrafts are used to issue wind shear alerts for all subsequent landing aircrafts as per standing guidelines of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). In this paper, winds reported by aircrafts at 1000 and 1800 ft. are used to validate the wind estimated from DWR measured radial wind data employing standard algorithms. Turbulence indices and parameters have been computed independently using conventional (RS/RW) upper air data, aircraft measured winds and DWR estimated winds and compared these with wind shear induced turbulence reported by aircrews. Mean power law (wind escalation law) profiles in the boundary layer have been arrived at for unstable and stable atmospheric conditions.

Three dimensional shear (3DS) upto 600 m a.g.l. has been worked out from DWR measured radial velocity data and compared with wind shear computed from RS/RW and aircraft measured winds and DWR estimated winds. It is found that 3DS values of more than 16 * 10-3 s-1 predict well the occurrence of moderate turbulence. Contrary to the general belief that wind shear is a short lived phenomenon which may last for a few minutes only, it has been observed that incidences of LLWS and induced moderate turbulence lasting more than 10 hrs are not at all uncommon over Chennai aircraft.
A diagnostic study on the energetics aspects of hiatus in the advance of southwest monsoon
Authors: DUTTA SOMENATH , DE U. S. , DEVI SUNITHA 
Published: November 2021

Advance of southwest monsoon, after its onset, often gets stalled for a week or more causing concern to the farmers and other community whose activities are weather dependent. The present study on the energetics aspect of hiatus in the advance of southwest monsoon over India aims at understanding the dynamical reasons for this. Nine cases of hiatus of duration more than 10 days during 1982-2006 have been selected. For each hiatus case, different energy terms, their generation and conversion among different terms have been computed during the hiatus period and also during the pre-hiatus pentad over a limited region between 65° E to 90° E, 5° N to 30° N. These computations are based on NCEP 2.5° × 2.5° re-analysed daily composite data during different hiatus period and during corresponding pre-hiatus pentad.

From this study it is found that :

(i) In most of the cases there is a reduction in the generation of zonal available potential energy [G(AZ)] during hiatus period compared to pre-hiatus pentad.

(ii) Drop in the conversion from zonal available potential energy to zonal kinetic energy [C(AZ, KZ)] during hiatus period has been observed in most of the cases.

(iii) In most of the cases there is a reduction in zonal kinetic energy (KZ) and in eddy kinetic energy (KE) during hiatus period compared to pre-hiatus pentad.
Diagnostic study of a recurving cyclone – ‘MALA’ over the Bay of Bengal
Authors: CHAND RAMESH , MOHAPATRA M. 
Published: November 2021

A very severe cyclonic storm “Mala” (25-29 April 2006) developed over south east Bay of Bengal. Initially the system moved northwestwards while intensifying into the stage of cyclonic storm during 25-26th April 2006. It then recurved and moved in a north-northeasterly direction and crossed Arakan coast as a very severe cyclonic storm on 29th April, 2006 causing loss of life and property over the region.
The unique features associated with this system was the continuous intensification after the recurvature.Various diagnostic features associated with intensification and movement of this system have been analysed and discussed. The study highlights the use of different dynamic and thermodynamic parameters as precursors for prediction of intensity and movement of the system. It also discusses the interaction of very severe cyclonic storm Mala with a vortex over the south Indian Ocean.
Semi-quantitative precipitation forecasts for Kosi/Mahananda catchment by synoptic analogue method
Authors: SINGH K. M. , PRASAD M. C. , PRASAD G. , PRASAD R. , JHA M. K. 
Published: November 2021

An attempt has been made to issue semi-quantitative precipitation forecasts for Kosi/Mahananda catchment by synoptic analogue method. Based upon 22 years of data (1982 - 2003) the study reveals that it is possible to issue semi­-quantitative forecasts with confidence.
Local topography of the catchments and its steep gradient from Bhim nagar to Chatra / Brahkshetra in Kosi and hills in Darjeeling are favourable regions where moist air masses of the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during South West Monsoon in lower troposphere converge and trough at 500 hPa especially diffluent in rear creates divergence and moist air mass is pulled up resulting in heavy / very heavy rainfall in sub montane districts of Bihar and Nepal Himalaya in addition to orographic effects. This gives birth to severe floods and makes the life of densely populated districts of Pumea / Katihar / Saharsa / Kisanganj / Madhepura miserable and badly affects the economy of the region.
Statistical analysis of monsoon rainfall distribution over West Bengal, India
Authors: DASTIDAR AVIK GHOSH , GHOSH SARBARI , DE U. K. , GHOSH S. K. 
Published: November 2021

Seasonal, monthly and daily rainfall characteristics of meteorological sub-divisions of Sub Himalayan West Bengal (SHWB) and Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) have been studied using rainfall data of 23 stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD) over the state of West Bengal. The two subdivisions have distinctive characteristics, though two stations lying in the plain region of SHWB have behaviour more alike the stations of GWB. Krishnagar is a station with least seasonal rainfall in the entire state. Kurtosis and Skewness of the seasonal rainfall distribution have been studied and found that, for most of the stations they lie within reasonable limits. From the time series analysis, it is found that the seasonal rainfall has no trend.
The onset and advance of Indian summer monsoon in relation with the sea level pressure field
Authors: KHOLE MEDHA 
Published: November 2021

The dates of onset of monsoon over Kerala and the advance of monsoon exhibit large interannual and intra seasonal variability. The genesis of Indian summer monsoon is considered to be in the southern hemisphere, over the Mascarene Island. The pressure gradient between the high pressure over Mascarene Island and low pressure over North West India is the fundamental physical cause of the monsoon, which acts as a driving force for the monsoon winds. Thus, the genesis of monsoon and its further advance is closely related to the sea level pressure field. With this backdrop, the variability of the onset and advance of the monsoon in terms of sea level pressure field is examined in this study. The pentad sea level pressure field does show contrast for the years of early and late onset of monsoon over Kerala and also for the years of rapid and sluggish advance of monsoon.
Evapotranspiration and heat unit requirement of cowpea
Authors: PATIL CHANABASANAGOUDA  SANGANAGOUDA 
Published: November 2021

Weighing gravimetric lysimeters are used to measure actual evapotranspiration of cowpea for an experiment conducted for two years during Kharif 2004 and 2005. A multiple regression equation has been generated for relating crop coefficient of cowpea with week after sowing. The highest value of crop co-efficient was found to be 1.015 on 6th week after sowing under Bangalore climate, the average values of actual evapotranspiration from cowpea crop and heat unit requirements over a period of 89 days in the Kharif season are found to be 284.8 mm and 1293 degree days respectively.
Crop specific requirement of growing degree days and agrometeorological indices in rice growing zones
Authors: KASHYAPI A. , KOPPAR A. L. , HAGE A. P. 
Published: November 2021

The spatial and temporal distributions of heat unit and various agrometeorological indices for the rice crop, are studied in this paper. Eight ET – stations were selected from six rice growing zones, viz., Canning (in lower Gangetic plains), Bikramganj and Varanasi (in middle Gangetic plains), Ludhiana (in trans Gangetic plains), Ranchi, Shymakhunta (in eastern plateau and hills), Annamalai Nagar (in east coast plains and hill region) and Pattambi (in western plains and ghat region). Eleven crop growth stages were identified for this study, viz., germination, nursery seedling, transplanting, tillering, active tillering, lag phase, panicle initiation, flowering, grain formation, grain maturity and harvesting, the duration of each of the growth stages varied widely, station wise. Daily data were collected growth stagewise for latest available five years and the mean values were computed for the derived parameters, viz., the crop requirements of heat unit, agroclimatic rainfall index (ARI), yield moisture index (YMI), aridity index (AI). The study revealed that for rice crop the total degree days requirement varied from 1706 degree – days (at Ranchi) to 2815 degree – days (at Shymakhunta). It showed primary peak (with 16.7 % of total requirement) at active tillering stage. The ARI values were mostly higher than 100 per cent. The mean YMI values varied widely from 477 mm (at Bikramganj) to 1523 mm (at Pattambi). The values showed main peak at active tillering stage. The AI values showed moderate aridity at early growth stages, which increased at advanced crop growth stages.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berdasar Masalah dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Segi Empat Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Kistatuhu Nurul Wahidatul , Budiarto Mega Teguh , Khabibah Siti 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berdasar masalah dengan pendekatan saintifik pada materi segiempat kelas VII SMP yang baik; (2) mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran berdasar masalah dengan pendekatan saintifik pada materi segiempat kelas VII SMP. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap pengembangan yang mengikuti rancangan model 4-D dilanjutkan dengan tahap eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan berkualitas baik karena memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Perangkat memenuhi kriteria valid berdasarkan hasil penilaian validator yang mendapatkan skor minimal 3 pada setiap aspek serta tes hasil belajar memenuhi kriteria valid, reliabel, dan sensitif. Perangkat memenuhi kriteria praktis berdasarkan aktivitas guru dalam kategori baik dan tingkat keaktifan siswa mencapai 95,6%. Perangkat memenuhi kriteria efektif berdasarkan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa yang mencapai 83% serta respon positif siswa terhadap perangkat mencapai 92%. Sedangkan pembelajaran menunjukkan capaian efektif didasarkan pada aktivitas guru berkategori baik, tingkat keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran mencapai 96,4%, respon positif siswa terhadap pembelajaran mencapai 93%, dan ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 89%.
Effects of Glyphosate Herbicide on Photosynthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Corn (Zea mays L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
Authors: KARABULUT Fadime , ÇANAKCI GÜLENGÜL Songül 
Published: November 2021

In this study, it was determined that phytotoxic levels of glyphosate herbicide that will be banned in Europe may be at on wheat and corn plants. Biochemical responses due to the toxic effect of glyphosate at different concentrations were determined in corn (Zea mays L. cv. Ada 523) and wheat (Tritucum aestivum L. cv. Halis) varieties. For wheat and corn varieties, 4 different doses (0, 100, 500 and 1000 μM) of the herbicide were applied to 1-week-old and 15-day-old plants. Hydroponic medium was used for all applications on plants.
According to the results obtained; the toxic effect created by glyphosate increased the destruction of pigment in the leaves and significant decreases were detected. While GST, SOD and CAT activities increased in all concentrations of 1-week-old plants treated with glyphosate, only GST activity decreased at 100 μM concentration of wheat leaf and corn root. SOD and CAT activities were increased in 15-day-old wheat and corn plants treated with glyphosate. Only SOD activity decreased in the root part of the maize plant. GST activity was increased in the roots and leaves of the maize plant, while it decreased in wheat leaves and roots at a concentration of 100 μM. As a result, glyphosate was found to be effective at very low concentrations in wheat and corn regardless of age. It was also revealed that 1-week-old corn and wheat crops inhibit more phytotoxic effects than these 15-day-old plants. In other words, young plants were found to be more resistant.
As práticas de Consumo no processo de transição capilar das mulheres brasileiras com cabelos crespos e cacheados
Authors: Soares Oliveira Ana Carolina , Magalhães Christino Juliana Maria 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as maneiras de consumir que perpassam o processo de transição capilar de mulheres brasileiras que passam a assumir as texturas crespas e cacheadas de seus cabelos, deixando de consumir alisamentos.Metodologia: O fenômeno retratado é estudado nesta pesquisa por meio do circuito da prática que relaciona os objetos com fazeres e seus significados (Magaudda, 2011), o qual é complementado com a concepção de circuito trazida por Braga (2012) onde buscou-se analisar os circuitos dentro dos campos sociais do mercado, da sociedade, do cotidiano e das interseções da mídia no circuito como um todo.Originalidade/Relevância: Ampliação dos estudos entre práticas de consumo e estigma social. Ampliação do corpus de estudo com a integração de mulheres com diferentes tons de pele, fator considerado importante em uma sociedade tão miscigenada como a brasileira. Inovação metodológica com a junção de dois aportes metodológicos.Resultados: Por meio da análise do corpus, emerge como principal resultado a trajetória capilar compartilhada entre as entrevistadas. Tal trajetória representa uma visão macro das manipulações capilares empreendidas que, ampliada, compõe-se de quatro circuitos principais: (I) textura virgem do cabelo; (II) adoção do alisamento; (III) transição capilar - que implica no abandono do alisamento; (IV) retorno à textura virgem do cabelo. A partir da análise dos circuitos, este trabalho traz de inovação teórica a associação das práticas de consumo com contextos mais amplos de significação, englobando os ambientes sociais, mercadológicos e midiáticos, contribuindo para a intensificação do debate dos elementos imbricados no comportamento de consumo. Nesse sentido, o artigo também contribui teoricamente para a inserção da noção de midiatização da sociedade - enfatizando especialmente a inventividade de seus usos pelo consumidor.Contribuições Teóricas: (i) ampliação das discussões sobre consumo pelas lentes da teoria da prática; (ii) demonstração que a articulação entre objetos, fazeres e significados potencializam um entendimento mais aprofundado das práticas de consumo; (iii) articulação entre os aspectos sociais, mercadológicos, cotidianos e midiáticos para analisar os processos de transformação das práticas de consumo.
Archaic Martial Traditions in High Medieval Scandinavia
Authors: Larrea Beñat Elortza 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
Most written evidence regarding warfare in Viking Age Scandinavia originates either from contemporaneous chronicles – recorded by those at the receiving end of Norse attacks – from skaldic poetry, or from high medieval Scandinavian texts. However, these sources often prove problematic: either in the form of chronicles from other parts of Europe, whichoften exaggerate the brutality of Viking raids, or from 13th century Icelandic writers, who embellish accounts of long deceased rulers.
This article explores archaic martial features found in 12th- and 13th-century contemporaneous sagas and treatises to identify and analyse the continued influence of Viking Age military practices in high medieval Scandinavia. By comparing information found in three medieval texts to scholarly contributions on Viking Age warfare; skaldic poems; and archaeological evidence, this article aims to identify Viking Age military features that survived the military transformation, which followed the periods of internal struggles that the Scandinavian kingdoms underwent from the 1130s onwards.
Comparative assessment of changes in pharyngeal airway space in cases of obstructive sleep apnoea with a customized mandibular repositioning appliance - a clinical study
Authors: Aziz Rezeen , Somaiah Sanju , Kalha Anmol S , Reddy Goutham , Muddaiah Sunil , Shetty Balakrishna 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of a customized mandibular repositioning appliance on the pharyngeal airway, nocturnal sleep patterns, daytime discomfort and occlusal changes in established cases of adult obstructive sleep apnoea.
Material and Methods: Ten consecutive patients with a complaint of snoring and disturbed sleep were included in the study. The primary diagnosis was established by the Epworth sleepiness scale, clinical examination, history and subsequently the diagnosis was substantiated through assessment of the pharyngeal airway space on a lateral cephalogram and polysomnography. A customized mandibular repositioning appliance was used to advance the mandible sequentially every 6 months, using 4 sets of the appliance. Pre and post-treatment evaluations were performed to establish, effects and changes in the outcome of obstructive sleep apnoea.
Results: The study revealed significant increase in the mean pharyngeal widths of upper airway and velum dimension with antero-superior repositioning of hyoid bone. Epworth sleepiness scale score improved significantly from baseline with clinically evident change in daytime discomforts. Significant decline in the mean apnoea/hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, respiratory disturbance index, heart rate, snoring and a significant increase in mean oxygen saturation of arterial blood was observed. No evident change noticed in occlusion except lower incisor inclination.
Conclusion: The customized mandibular repositioning appliances are effective in the management of adult obstructive sleep apnoea with a significant improvement observed in the airway patency and polysomnography parameters with clinically non-significant effects on dental occlusion..