bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of rare earth Ce and Sm doping on the structure and magnetic properties of (Y2.5Ce0.5Fe5O12)1−x/ (Mg0.95Sm0.05O)x nanocomposites
Authors: Habanjar Khulud , Sharrouf Majed , Awad R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Co-precipitation followed by ball-milling techniques have been used to synthesize (Y2.5Ce0.5Fe5O12)1−x/ (Mg0.95Sm0.05O)x nanocomposites, with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1. Based on structural analysis, the XRD data indicated a distinct phase separation signature of Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) and MgO, with the formation of MgFe2O4 along with YFeO3 and CeO2. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed a drastic change in particle size with a maximum value of 175 nm for YM40 nanocomposite with the increase of the concentration of Mg0.95Sm0.05O phase. Elemental analysis and surface morphology were studied using the energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The purity and the crystallinity of all samples were verified with sharp peaks related to the present elements without any detected impurity elements. Fourier transform infrared showed two peaks at 916 and 864 cm−1 for Y2.5Ce0.5Fe5O12 and a wide band between 415 cm−1 and 661 cm−1 for MgO, confirming the garnet structure and the stretching vibrations in MgO matrix, respectively. Strong, distinct modes were visible in the Raman spectra of YIG nanoparticles, however, two large peaks in MgO were identified as the G and D bands. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to examine the oxidation states and elemental compositions of different elements. The M-H loops have been used to determine the magnetic properties of the samples. The saturation magnetization Ms decreased from 11.23 emu g−1 to 2.68 emu g−1 as x increased from 0.0 to 0.8, caused by the weak ferromagnetism of Mg0.95Sm0.05O’s contribution to magnetization, which may also result in less super-exchange contact between the garnet’s octahedral B-sites and tetrahedral A-sites. These soft magnetization properties made the prepared nanocomposites an excellent insulator, appropriate for microwave applications like filters or sensors.
Propagating OAM modes through a regular octagonal photonic crystal fiber with a flat dispersion
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Deng Dongdong , Xu Liang , Ji Xinchen , Zhang Hui , Rui Jiawei , Mao Shuai , Wang Yang , Gao Zhiang , Jiang Chenglong , Song Yingxiong , Pang Fufei , Zhuang Liyun , Yang Song , He Xiaofeng , Wang Chao , Zhu Tiezhu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a regular octagonal photonic crystal fiber (ROPCF) is proposed to support and improve the stable transmission of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The proposed ROPCF is composed of a doped high refractive index ring and four layers of air hole rings, ensuring that the effective refractive index difference between OAM modes of the same order or OAM mode group is greater than

10

−
4

, and can stably transmit 114 OAM modes in the wavelength range of 1.5 ∼ 1.6

μ
m

. A finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the designed ROPCF. The measured results show that the ROPCF has high mode quality (MQ) (all modes are greater than 95%), and the confinement losses (CL) of all vector modes are in the range of

10

−
14

to

10

−
11

dB/m. In addition, it also has a large effective mode area between 197.64 to 297.82

μ
m

2

. Moreover, the nonlinear coefficients and chromatic dispersions (CD) are less than 0.6

W

−
1

/
km

and 276 ps/nm/km, respectively. And the dispersion change is relatively flat. The 10ps walk-off lengths of all vector modes supported by ROPCF at a wavelength of 1.55

μ
m

are also analyzed. The obtained data results show that the 10ps walk-off lengths of the most of supported vector modes are within the range of

10

3

to

10

5

m, which is beneficial for long-distance transmission of OAM modes. These significant performances indicate that ROPCF has great application value in improving communication channel capacity (CC) and spectral efficiency (SE).
Digital quantum simulations of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference
Authors: Mohan Navaneeth Krishnan , Bhowmick Rikteem , Kumar Devesh , Chaurasiya Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum systems evolving according to local interactions, making them valuable for exploring quantum many-body dynamics, despite current hardware and algorithmic challenges. In this work, we address the digital quantum simulations of linear optical elements which are inherently bosonic quantum systems. We adopt an encoding scheme based on Gray code to map bosonic states to qubits, which is efficient in terms of qubits and gate counts. Using a beam splitter as a representative example, we demonstrate the construction of quantum algorithms to simulate linear optical elements in quantum computers. To validate our algorithm, we performed a digital quantum simulation of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, a two-photon experiment. Our simulations, conducted both in quantum simulators and IBM quantum hardwares, successfully reproduced the characteristics of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, validating our approach.
Fusion of solitons, breathers, lumps, and their interactions process in B-type KP equation in quasi one-dimensional shallow water waves
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Khan Meraj Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study distinctive solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional B-type KP (BKP) equation, including lump, kink and soliton solutions with fusion phenomena. First, Hirota bilinear (HB) form is derived via Cole-Hopf transformation and HB operator. Via bilinear form and auxiliary function with specific constraints, the results concerned with lump, periodic lumps, and their interactions with kink solitons are demonstrated. Furthermore, various kinds of fusions of high order solitons are analyzed. The results related to first and second order breathers and their interaction with kink solitons are portrayed. All results are graphically displayed in 3D plots. The results reported here are new for the considered equation and have not been published elsewhere.
Analysis of SEIR model for two target population with optimal control and stochastic approach
Authors: Modak Bikash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study introduces a SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model that incorporates the individual awareness regarding the disease transmission. Based on this understanding, the susceptible population is divided into two distinct classes: aware and unaware. It is assumed that there is unrestricted interaction between these two susceptible populations. The model demonstrates two distinct steady states: disease-free steady (DFS) and endemic steady (ES) state. Additionally, conditions for the stability of both steady states are derived. The results indicate that the DFS state is stable when the basic reproduction number (BRN) is less than unity, whereas the ES state exists when BRN is greater than unity and is locally stable under specific parametric conditions. Furthermore, the system is numerically solved using Matlab. Results indicate that unaware individuals are at a higher risk of infection compared to those who are aware. The impact of specific parameters on the population dynamics are shown graphically. Additionally, optimal control study is performed to regulate the infection in the population. Various control strategies have been considered and the most effective strategy to curb the spread of infection involves reducing the number of susceptibles, exposed and infected individuals while increasing the recovered individuals. Furthermore, the proposed model is modified to a stochastic differential equation (SDE) model by adding noise to each equation involving the state variables. This study aims to observe the population dynamics under the influence of additive noise. It is concluded that high noise intensity causes population fluctuations, leading to unstable nature of the system.
Calibration of an Internal-Length Standard by Angle-Stepping Gap Interferometry
Authors: Leroux Ian D , Hunter Tyler J , Reain Gregory C , Eves Brian J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We demonstrate a simple interferometric method for calibrating the length of an uncoated Fabry-Pérot etalon, using a rotary analog of phase-stepping interferometry. The interferometric method is designed to realize nearly the same measurand as a subsequent measurement in a tactile instrument. The estimated expanded uncertainty of 4 nm for the optical calibration, together with the well-matched measurands, make the etalon a promising transfer standard for the calibration of bidirectional corrections in tactile probing systems.
E
r measurements in JET L-mode plasmas for a wide range of densities—from the low-recycling regime up to the density limit
Authors: Silva C. , Groth M. , Aleiferis S. , Carvalho P. , Gil L. , Giroud C. , Morales R.B. , Nina D. , Solano E.R. , Thomas B. , Vaz M. , Vianello N. ,   JET Contributors
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the dependence of the radial electric field (E
r) on the line-averaged density in JET L-mode plasmas, utilizing Doppler backscattering measurements. Density ramp discharges up to the density limit are analyzed to investigate the physical processes that determine the edge E
r profile. At low densities, the E
r profile at the midplane exhibits a pronounced peak in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) and a shallow well inside the separatrix. As density increases, the SOL E
r peak diminishes quickly and the E
r well deepens until a Greenwald fraction of f
GW ≈ 0.8, followed by a slight reduction near the density limit. Our findings indicate that no collapse of edge flow shear occurs prior to the density limit onset, within a time scale of 10 ms. The E
r at the divertor target does not appear to play a significant role in the density limit as it is only significant in the low recycling regime, not changing appreciably above f
GW ≈ 0.35. A steep edge density gradient persists up to f
GW ≈ 0.95 with the density limit disruption onset coinciding roughly with a reduction in the pedestal top density. The edge E × B shear appears to be sufficient to maintain a steep density gradient region near the density limit. Finally, it is shown that the density limit is not due to a reduction in the shear induced by oscillating flows, as the amplitude of the geodesic acoustic modes vanishes around f
GW ≈ 0.5.
High-performance affinity peptide sensor for prostate specific antigen detection
Authors: Cheng Ao , Guo Shuangjia , Wang Zhehang , Lan Kuibo , Liu Zihao , Wang Yong , Chen Ruibing , Qin Guoxuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the best serum biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa), and the detection of PSA concentration can be used to assess the risk of malignancy. Given the current lack of effective treatment options for PCa, early detection and intervention are particularly important. To address this, we developed a novel electronic biosensor aimed at highly sensitive detection of PSA. The core materials of this sensor consist of the receptor material, PSA-affinity peptides, and the support material, single-walled carbon nanotubes. These materials are cost-effective, can operate at room temperature, and exhibit good stability, which aids in optimizing the sensor’s performance and stability. We attached the carbon nanotubes to a gold fork electrode and successfully fabricated the device by chemically linking the peptides to the carbon nanotubes. PSA was subsequently detected through the binding of PSA molecules to specific peptide sequences in standard solution. The sensor achieved a detection limit as low as 10−13 μg μL−1, which is lower than that of currently used detection methods, demonstrating exceptional sensitivity. This biosensor offers advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and strong specificity, indicating its broad application prospects in medical diagnostics, particularly in PCa screening.
Witnessing Conflict and Resilience
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3, “Witnessing Conflict and Resilience,” explores the exponential risk and motivations of documentary filmmakers who endeavor to expose the harsh complexities and realities of war that powerful figures wish to keep silent, provide a cultural memory of atrocities in the context of conflict, and offer a deeply intimate lens into lived experiences. To bring this theme to life and explore challenges, practices, and motivations of documentary filmmakers whose work seeks to ensure present-day awareness and long-term cultural memorializing, alongside testimony about human resilience, the case studies of this chapter include The Cave (Syria), For Sama (Syria), Peace for Nina (Ukraine), and No Simple Way Home (South Sudan).
Upholding Freedom of Expression
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4: “Upholding Freedom of Expression,” probes films that exemplify freedom of expression, a hallmark of an open, pluralistic society, for centuries threatened by political regulation and suppression as a form of social control. Over the past decade, artistic and media freedoms have declined around the world—in both authoritarian regimes and liberal democracies. In this context, how are independent documentaries telling stories that push hard against censorship and media repression? Chapter 4 explores this topic with profiled films that include A Thousand Cuts (Philippines), Writing with Fire (India), and The First Step (United States).
What states and EU institutions care about
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With their attachment to positive law, lawyers rarely ask why EU Member States crafted EU law the way they did or why no agreement on EU law was reached at all. Inquiring into the rationale and motives behind cooperation through EU law elucidates EU members’ willingness to surrender authority to the supranational EU. To that end, this chapter starts from the rational choice premise that states pursue their own interests. This standard assumption is challenged from public choice perspectives questioning the uniform state will and emphasizing the interaction among different actors optimizing a diverse set of preferences. While the initial design of EU Treaties was the outcome of states-only cooperation, the emergence of EU institutions has brought new players with a peculiar set of interests that particularly play out in the enforcement of EU primary law and in the making of EU secondary law. Unlike other international organizations, the EU evolved from a ‘dependent’ variable, in which it was merely the outcome of inter-state deliberate choice, to an ‘independent’ variable by being a state-like actor that exerts autonomous influence on other state actors.
Reducing transaction costs
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Saving on transaction costs may serve as a stimulus for cooperation, while the abundance of transaction costs may hamper cooperation. The cost perspective links to the scholarship researching international organizations with respect to why and how they are shaped. Transaction costs occur on every level of EU law-making: treaty negotiations, compromise search in the Council, the loss of national sovereignty, and sluggish implementation of EU secondary law. Context-specific costs must therefore be taken into account to understand whether and how cooperation unfolds.
Supplying public goods and addressing external effects
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ‘Europeanization’ of public goods is a driver of European integration, as trends towards internationalization and globalization have been giving public goods such as peace, security, monetary stability, and climate protection an increasingly pan-European dimension. Public goods analysis and federalism theory offer guidance on when and under what conditions the delivery of public goods in the EU should be provided at the EU level or, conversely, at the level of the Member State. These approaches also offer insight into how the allocation of competencies by the EU Treaties can optimize the effective provision of public goods. Public goods cooperation in the EU varies depending on whether the goods can be characterized as a coordination game, a ‘weakest-link public good’ or a ‘substitute public good’, or whether externalities occur as pecuniary or non-pecuniary, or as network externalities. With the EU comprising cooperation across many policy sectors and goods, where some produce network externalities (trade or financial regulation), while others exhibit weakest-link public goods (eg security, migration), the variable nature of public goods gives rise to a diverse pattern of cooperation and to differentiated integration.
Systematic review: severe endoscopic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tyrode Gaëlle , Rivière Pauline , Sebastian Shaji , Poullenot Florian , Vuitton Lucine , Laharie David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Endoscopy and biopsy are the standard tool for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the assessment of treatment response. Severe endoscopic lesions (SEL) are commonly observed in IBD, but have been poorly described in the literature. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding and gaps in knowledge about these lesions.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of studies of SEL in patients with IBD. A search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases in July 2024. Studies were eligible if they investigated SEL, its involvement in the disease, its evolution with treatment and its prognostic implications.

Results
We found 1172 articles in the Pubmed database and 46 were included. Of the various definitions of SEL used in the literature, most of them are based on the most severe endoscopic items from existing endoscopic scores, but none have been validated. Despite the paucity of literature, the prevalence of SEL is estimated to be 33-75% in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and 22.5-87% in Crohn’s disease (CD). In terms of prognosis, SEL are associated with steroid refractoriness in ASUC and, do not affect response to infliximab or ciclosporin. In CD, the response to biologics, especially anti-TNF, is not affected by the presence of SEL.

Conclusion
There is currently no validated definition of SEL in IBD. When present, they are associated with steroid failure in the setting of ASUC, but do not affect response to anti-TNF in either CD or ASUC.
Physiological and molecular responses of the chorioallantoic membranes to diluted bitumen exposures in multiple bird species
Authors: Wallace Sarah J , de Solla Shane R , Lavoie Raphaël A , Triffault-Bouchet Gaëlle , King Mason D , Langlois Valérie S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Embryotoxicity is a well-known consequence of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) exposure, but the molecular mechanisms of action of PAC mixtures, especially for unconventional crude petroleum types such as diluted bitumen (dilbit), remain to be fully elucidated in birds. To explore the mechanism of action of PAC in birds, the egg-injection model was used. Eggs of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum), and northern gannet (Morus bassanus) were injected with 0.5 μL/g of average species-specific egg weight of 1:10–1:10,000 dilutions of Clearwater or Cold Lake Blend dilbits into the air cell on embryonic Day 0 and were artificially incubated until the liver was formed. The injections of &lt;0.16–335 ng total PAC/g egg were consistent with PAC concentrations measured in wild bird eggs and in embryos exposed to dilbit through eggshell oiling. Mortality and frequency of malformations were low across treatments. The expression of genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification in both liver and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) differed among species in response to dilbit exposure. Cytochrome P450 1a (cyp1a) in the CAM of dilbit-exposed chickens was induced to a higher fold-change at a lower PAC concentration than the liver, but this pattern was not consistent in wild birds. The expression of additional genes involved in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation adverse outcome pathway were variable in the double-crested cormorant and northern gannet CAMs. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of CAM as a target tissue for PAC metabolism in embryotoxicity. Future studies should address the differential CAM physiology across bird species to better understand the variation of species responses to contaminants and consider the use of CAM in addition to liver.
Factors underpinning the performance of implemented artificial intelligence-based patient deterioration prediction systems: reasons for selection and implications for hospitals and researchers
Authors: van der Vegt Anton H , Campbell Victoria , Wang Shuyi , Malycha James , Scott Ian A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The degree to which deployed artificial intelligence-based deterioration prediction algorithms (AI-DPA) differ in their development, the reasons for these differences, and how this may impact their performance remains unclear. Our primary objective was to identify design factors and associated decisions related to the development of AI-DPA and highlight deficits that require further research.

Materials and Methods
Based on a systematic review of 14 deployed AI-DPA and an updated systematic search, we identified studies of 12 eligible AI-DPA from which data were extracted independently by 2 investigators on all design factors, decisions, and justifications pertaining to 6 machine learning development stages: (1) model requirements, (2) data collection, (3) data cleaning, (4) data labeling, (5) feature engineering, and (6) model training.

Results
We found 13 design factors and 315 decision alternatives likely to impact AI-DPA performance, all of which varied, together with their rationales, between all included AI-DPA. Variable selection, data imputation methods, training data exclusions, training sample definitions, length of lookback periods, and definition of outcome labels were key design factors accounting for most variation. In justifying decisions, most studies made no reference to prior research or compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Discussion
Algorithm design decisions regarding factors impacting AI-DPA performance have little supporting evidence, are inconsistent, do not learn from prior work, and lack reference standards.

Conclusion
Several deficits in AI-DPA development that prevent implementers selecting the most accurate algorithm have been identified, and future research needs to address these deficits as a priority.