bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEM OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE BIG CITY
Authors: Zolotar Liudmyla 
Published: April 2021

The economic, ecological, sanitary, and epidemiologic direction of problem of anthropogenous impact on environment and quality of waste management of the city are interested. The methodological questions of urban development of waste management are researched is not much well. The scientific substantiation of methodological system of waste management and distribution of waste collection points are the first solution of the problem in waste management.
The organization of the system of sanitary cleaning of residential areas is based on the principles of a systematic approach:
the principle of integrity means that the system of sanitary purification has clearly expressed spatial-planning and technological-organizational boundaries;
the principle of hierarchical structure involves consideration of urban and technological organization of the system of sanitary purification in the fullness of its elements, essential connections between them.
The basis of the method is the satisfying of urban planning principles, requirements and conditions of the territory when choosing a method of collecting sanitary cleaning. The decision on technological or organizational-technological way of collecting household waste is made at the third or second technological level and is based on urban planning requirements, analysis of the territory, and is made according to a number of restrictions that characterize the territory.
The main urban planning restrictions when choosing a method of collection: territorial restriction, population density of the block, the perimeter of the territory of the block, the area of the territory within the streets, the area of influence of the waste transfer station.
INN AS A UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL FEATURE OF CATERING ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: Gromnyuk Adriana 
Published: April 2021

The analysis of inn, as first catering companies, was performed in the present article. There were explored their planning, functional, typological and compositional features in the context of the tools search for the formation unique images and national identity of the environment of catering institutions. The main inn functions are highlighted as food and beverages consumption, accommodation service, administration, trading, social and cultural entertainment, warehousing etc.
The building of the simplest inn was based on a planning type of the house ”by two halves” – consisted of two rooms that were divided by the hay: inns and accommodation were the one could stay over. The inn, in turn, was divided by a wall into two parts: a tavern with counters and tables with benches. A type of inn were ones with drive-inns (drive-inn backyards). They were larger, with longer arcades that went deep through entire building. Later, a new type of inn appeared – drive-in accommodation. Those differed from the normal inn by a larger number of rooms of various purposes, that were separated in groups according to their purposes. These included the owner’s family accommodations, guests rooms, utility rooms and a horse yard or covered stable.
It was discovered that the taverns by their spatial and planning structure were derived from the buildings similar to countryside houses and their functional, decorative and compositional means were quite humble. Therefore, the source of architectural and artistic means for the ethnic motives use in the modern environment of catering establishments is both the inn architecture and housing mean (Ukrainian rural housing of the late XIX and early XX centuries).
There were identified the main architectural and artistic means of using Ukrainian ethnic motifs in the architecture of modern interiors of catering establishments.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Clubfoot Patients in Selected Hospitals of Dhaka City
Authors: Haque Muhammmad Ariful , Amin Md Nurul , Islam Shitil Ibna , Shanta Shaila Sharmeen 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Congenital clubfoot or talipes equinovarus is the most common birth defect of the musculoskeletal system affecting 1 in every 1000 live births each year. To date, no epidemiological studies have been conducted in Bangladesh to assess the risk factors associated with this deformity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific demographic and socioeconomic factors that may increase the risk of an infant being born with clubfoot as well as to see the outcome of management of clubfoot.
Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted on secondary data derived from the Project "Walk for Life (WFL)" started in Bangladesh in 2009 and gradually expanded to 35 Clinics. The present study data were collected from 5 of those clinics namely NITOR, DMCH, BSMMU, ICMH and CRP. All recruited cases underwent Ponseti casting. Demographic data, Pirani scores, cast and need for tenotomy were reviewed for 338 patients registered in the above 5 clinics during the period 2012. The outcome was evaluated with help of difference between the Pirani scores before and after intervention.
Result: In the present study about half (48.5%) of the children presented at 1 or < 1 month of age with median age of the children being 2 months and a wider age-range from 1 month to 42 months. A male preponderance (72%) was observed in the series. Children with clubfoot were predominantly belonged to poor family (mostly labour or unemployed, lives in tin-shaded house, with monthly income below Taka 10000). About half (48.2%) of the parents/guardians were informed about the place of clubfoot treatment (NITOR, DMCH, BSMMU, ICMH and CRP) from their primary physicians, 23.7% from the parents of the children who previously got treatment from the centers and only 16% from publicity. In terms of treatment provided, more than three-quarters were given 4 - 6 casts and in 80% cases tenotomy was needed. Majority of the children (9.5%) before intervention exhibited a Pirani score from 3.1 - 6.0 which after a mean period 5 weeks of intervention was reduced to 0.5 - 1.0 (the targeted Pirani score) in almost all cases. Only 2 children were referred. The rest 336 were continuing their treatment and as such the final comment was left pending.
Conclusion: Children presented with clubfoot in tertiary level hospitals of Bangladesh are mostly male, belonged to poor family. Half of the children are bilaterally affected and attend in the treatment centers within one month of birth. The primary physicians are the prime source of information about the treatment centers. Mass media are less involved in giving the issue a wide coverage. Majority of the children responded well to 4 - 6 casts and required tenotomy.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(2): 16-20
Brown Spot and Stalk Rot Diseases of Maize (Zea Mays) and Susceptibility of Two Varieties to Physoderma Maydis in Far North Cameroon
Authors: Dooh Jules P. N , Bouba Djile , Gabriel Djongnang , Brice Tchoupou T. D. , Rita Yamagui , Durel Ntatsinda C. , Alain Heu , Zachee Ambang 
Published: April 2021

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. However, in Cameroon, particularly in the Far North Region, yields remain low because of diseases increasing due to farming practices and climate change. This work aimed to characterize Brown Spot and Stalk Rot of corn and evaluate the susceptibility of two maize varieties to Physoderma maydis in field conditions. Two maize varieties, CMS9015, and CMS8704 were evaluated in a randomized block design. Disease symptoms were observed and described using identification keys. Microscopic characteristics of pathogens were performed using a microscope. Incidence, severity, and areas under disease curve progress (AUIPC and AUSiPC) were calculated. Brown spot occurred 3 or 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) at the growing stage in CMS8704 variety first, and stalk rot 7 WAS. Brown spot appeared in leaves and is characterized by oval yellowish spots in the leaf blade and brownish spots in the midrid. Stalk rot infects stem nodes and is characterized by brownish spots, leading to the broken stem. The incidence of brown spot increased with time and environmental conditions (rainfall). The highest incidence of Physoderma Brown Spot was recorded with CMS8704 variety 53.06 % against 51.72 % with CMS9015. Severity was respectively 54.40 % and 47.12 % with CMS8704 and CMS9015. The incidence and severity of stalk rot were almost identical in both varieties. AUIPC of PBS and PSR was higher in CMS9015 than in CMS 8704, 63 DAS. PBS and PSR infect maize production, and both varieties are susceptible to P. maydis.
The Pharmacological Effect and Mechanism of Lanthanum Hydroxide on Vascular Calcification Caused by Chronic Renal Failure Hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Wang Shengnan , Liu Hong , Du Xiaoli , Bu Ren , Li Bing , Han Ruilan , Gao Jie , Liu Yang , Hao Jian , Zhao Jianrong , Meng Yan , Li Gang 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe present work aimed to explore the efficacy of lanthanum hydroxide in managing the vascular calcification induced by hyperphosphate in chronic renal failure (CRF) as well as the underlying mechanism.MethodsRats were randomly allocated to five groups: normal diet control, CKD hyperphosphatemia model, CKD model treated with lanthanum hydroxide, CKD model receiving lanthanum carbonate treatment, together with CKD model receiving calcium carbonate treatment. The serum biochemical and kidney histopathological parameters were analyzed. The aortic vessels were subjected to Von Kossa staining, CT scan and proteomic analysis.In vitro, the calcium content and ALP activity were measured, and RT-PCR (SM22α, Runx2, BMP-2, and TRAF6) and Western blot (SM22α, Runx2, BMP-2, TRAF6, and NF-κB) were performed.ResultsIn the lanthanum hydroxide group, serum biochemical and kidney histopathological parameters were significantly improved compared with the model group, indicating the efficacy of lanthanum hydroxide in postponing CRF progression and in protecting renal function. In addition, applying lanthanum hydroxide postponed hyperphosphatemia-mediated vascular calcification in CKD. Furthermore, lanthanum hydroxide was found to mitigate vascular calcification via the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. For the cultured VSMCs, lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) alleviated phosphate-mediated calcification and suppressed the activation of NF-κB as well as osteo-/chondrogenic signal transduction. Lanthanum hydroxide evidently downregulated NF-κB, BMP-2, Runx2, and TRAF6 expression.ConclusionLanthanum hydroxide protects against renal failure and reduces the phosphorus level in serum to postpone vascular calcification progression.
Case Report: Hyperplastic Callus of the Femur Mimicking Osteosarcoma in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type V
Authors: Deng Ying , Huo Yanan , Li Jinfeng 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is a rare form of OI which is often characterized by hyperplastic callus. Misdiagnosis is a possibility due to its rarity and because patients involved are mostly in adolescence, a predisposing age for osteosarcoma. Here, we report this case and aim to improve understanding of patients with OI type V and avoid misdiagnosis.Case PresentationA male, 14-year-old patient was admitted to Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital affiliated to Nanchang University in August 2020 due to repeated fractures for more than 11 years and swelling in his right leg for more than 4 years. The patient was diagnosed with OI in 2014 due to repeated fracture and was treated with bisphosphonates. The swelling was accompanied by huge callus formation. Prior to admission to our hospital in 2016 osteosarcoma was suspected by imaging and pathology, and amputation was recommended. OI-V was confirmed after more than four years of follow-up and genetic diagnosis, and the affected limb was preserved.ConclusionThe history of OI and lack of rapid progression suggested OI-V with a hyperplastic callus. Combined with genetic testing, the diagnosis was OI-V. Although the patient was at a predisposing age for osteosarcoma, diagnosis and treatment should be based on the medical history of the patient, imaging,and genetic testing, and sometimes even time-consuming retrospective observation.
Pituitary Apoplexy: A Retrospective Study of 33 Cases From a Single Center
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Tornvall Sofia , Höybye Charlotte 
Published: April 2021

PurposeAcute symptomatic pituitary apoplexy is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. However, pituitary apoplexy can also present with milder symptoms and stable hemodynamics. Due to the rarity of this inhomogeneous condition, clinical studies are important to increase the knowledge.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive cases of pituitary apoplexy being admitted between January 1st, 2005 and December 31st, 2019 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, for symptoms, results of magnetic resonance (MRI), biochemistry, management and mortality.ResultsThirty-three patients were identified with pituitary apoplexy, 18 were men (55%) and mean age was 46.5 (17.2) years. The incidence of symptomatic pituitary apoplexy was 1.6 patients/year (0.76 patients/1,000,000 inhabitants/year). The majority presented with headache (n=27, 82%) and hormonal deficiencies (n=18, 55%), which were most frequent in men. ACTH deficiency was present in nine patients (27% but 50% of those with hormonal deficiencies). All had the characteristic findings on MRI. Only three patients (9%) required acute pituitary surgery, while eight were operated after more than one week. Seven (21%) were on antithrombotic therapy. None of the patients died in the acute course. During follow-up (7.6 ± 4.3 years) none of the hormonal deficiencies regressed and 3 patients died from non-related causes.ConclusionOur study confirmed the rarity and the symptoms of this condition. Surprisingly, only 3 patients needed acute neurosurgical intervention, perhaps due to milder cases and a general intensified treatment of precipitating factors. An early awareness and in severe cases decision on pituitary surgery is of utmost importance to avoid severe complications.
Targeting STAT3 Abrogates Tim-3 Upregulation of Adaptive Resistance to PD-1 Blockade on Regulatory T Cells of Melanoma
Authors: Huang Lili , Xu Yu , Fang Juemin , Liu Weixing , Chen Jianhua , Liu Zhuqing , Xu Qing 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundLess than 20% of melanoma patients respond to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after PD-1 blockade, for developing immunotherapy efficacy.MethodsA genomic analysis was conducted by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and web platform TIMER2.0 datasets. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and B16-F10 melanoma mice were used as models. The cellular and molecular characteristics and mechanisms of Treg cells in melanoma were assessed by performing gene expression studies, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry.ResultsHere, we evaluate the countenance of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3), and various immunosuppressive factors within tumor-infiltrated Treg cells after treatment with anti-PD-1 or the indicator transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors. Increased expression of Tim-3 is markedly observed within the tissues of the PD-1 blockade resistance of melanoma patients. Targeting STAT3 significantly boosts the response of resistant-PD-1 therapy within the melanoma mouse model. Mechanistically, the manifestation of STAT3 decreases the expression of Tim-3 and various cytokines in the purified Treg cells from individual PBMCs and the murine melanoma model, limiting the immunosuppression of Treg cells.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that Tim-3 expression on Treg cells within the TME is STAT3-dependent, providing support to STAT3 as a target and enhancing the immunotherapy for patients suffering from melanoma.
Comparison of Clinical Features and CT Temporal Changes Between Familial Clusters and Non-familial Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Liu Shuyi , Yuan Huanchu , Zhang Bin , Li Wei , You Jingjing , Liu Jing , Zhong Qingyang , Zhang Lu , Chen Luyan , Li Shaolin , Zou Yujian , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of familial cluster (FC) and non-familial (NF) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.Methods: This retrospective study included 178 symptomatic adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The 178 patients were divided into FC (n = 108) and NF (n = 70) groups. Patients with at least two confirmed COVID-19 cases in their household were classified into the FC group. The clinical and laboratory features between the two groups were compared and so were the chest CT findings on-admission and end-hospitalization.Results: Compared with the NF group, the FC group had a longer period of exposure (13.1 vs. 8.9 days, p &lt; 0.001), viral shedding (21.5 vs. 15.9 days, p &lt; 0.001), and hospital stay (39.2 vs. 22.2 days, p &lt; 0.001). The FC group showed a higher number of involved lung lobes on admission (3.0 vs. 2.3, p = 0.017) and at end-hospitalization (3.6 vs. 1.7, p &lt; 0.001) as well as higher sum severity CT scores at end-hospitalization (4.6 vs. 2.7, p = 0.005) than did the NF group. Conversely, the FC group had a lower lymphocyte count level (p &lt; 0.001) and a significantly lower difference in the number of involved lung lobes (Δnumber) between admission and discharge (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, more cases of severe or critical illness were observed in the FC group than in the NF group (p = 0.036).Conclusions: Patients in the FC group had a worse clinical course and outcome than those in the NF group; thus, close monitoring during treatment and follow-ups after discharge would be beneficial for patients with familial infections.
Role of Clofazimine in Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Calcagno Tess , Hosseini Sareh Sadat , Hematian Ali , Nojookambari Neda Yousefi , Karimi-Yazdi Mohammadmahdi , Mirsaeidi Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), specifically Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), is an increasingly prevalent cause of pulmonary dysfunction. Clofazimine has been shown to be effective for the treatment of M. avium complex, but there were no published large-scale analyses comparing clofazimine to non-clofazimine regimens in MAC treatment. The objective of this large-scale meta-analysis was to evaluate patient characteristics and treatment outcomes of individuals diagnosed with MAC and treated with a clofazimine-based regimen.Methods: We used Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to search for studies published from January 1, 1990 to February 9, 2020. Two reviewers (SSH and NY) extracted the data from all eligible studies and differences were resolved by consensus. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA (version 14, IC; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).Results: The pooled success treatment rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was assessed using random effect model. The estimated pooled treatment success rates were 56.8% in clofazimine and 67.9% in non-clofazimine groups. Notably, success rates were higher (58.7%) in treatment of HIV patients with disseminated infection.Conclusions: Treatment was more successful in the non-clofazimine group overall. However, HIV patients with disseminated infection had higher treatment response rates than non-HIV patients within the clofazimine group.
Go Ask Your Patients! PSS-QoL Reported Perception of Dryness Correlates With Lacrimal and Salivary Flow in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Lackner Angelika , Bosch Philipp , Zenz Sabine , Horwath-Winter Jutta , Rabensteiner Dieter Franz , Hermann Josef , Graninger Winfried , Stradner Martin Helmut 
Published: April 2021

Introduction/Objectives: The patient perspective is an essential outcome parameter in the quest for effective therapy in primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS). The EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) is recommended by EULAR to quantify patient's symptom burden and has been used in several clinical trials. Surprisingly, the patient's perception of dryness quantified with ESSPRI does not correlate with objective measures of salivary or lacrimal flow. Thus, we evaluated a newly developed assessment tool-the Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire (PSS-QoL)—for quantifying symptoms of dryness in comparison with the ESSPRI and objective measurements of salivary and lacrimal flow.Methods: Data of patients from the PSS registry of the Medical University of Graz fulfilling the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for PSS were analyzed. The patient perspective was analyzed by PSS-QoL, ESSPRI, Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Sicca signs were measured with Schirmer's test, unstimulated salivary flow test (USF) and stimulated salivary flow test (SSF). ESSDAI (EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index) and EGA (Evaluator Global Assessment, numeric rating scale from 0 to 10) were obtained. In addition, free light chains (FLC) κ and λ, rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM and IgA were determined.Results: Data from 123 PSS patients were analyzed; 91.9% (n = 113) were female, with a mean disease duration of 6.2 (±5.3) years and mean age of 60.1 (±12.4) years. PSS-QoL-dryness revealed significant negative correlations with Schirmer's test (r = −0.31, p &lt; 0.05) and SSF-test (r = −0.390, p &lt; 0.01). In contrast, we found no significant correlation between ESSPRI-dryness and any objective dryness test. Lower perceived dryness was associated with higher immunological activity determined by increased levels of IgG, FLC and RF-IgA. Whereas patients with only subjective signs of dryness had lower immunological activity.Discussion: Patients' perception of dryness assessed by PSS-QoL correlates with objective measurements of salivary gland function while ESSPRI-dryness did not. Based on the PSS-QoL and objective measures of dryness two distinct groups of PSS patients could be distinguished, which may have implications in daily practice and future clinical studies.
COVID-19 Dysautonomia
Authors: Goodman Brent P. , Khoury Julie A. , Blair Janis E. , Grill Marie F. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To report a case series of dysautonomia associated with COVID-19 infection.Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients evaluated in the autonomic clinic at our institution with suspected signs and symptoms of dysautonomia who underwent formal evaluation, including autonomic testing.Results: Six patients were identified with signs and symptoms suggestive of dysautonomia who underwent autonomic testing. All patients had symptoms typical of COVID-19 infection, though none were hospitalized for these or other symptoms. All patients reported symptoms of postural lightheadedness and near-syncope, fatigue, and activity intolerance. Five patients reported the onset of autonomic symptoms concomitant with other COVID-19 symptoms, with the other patient reporting symptom onset 6 weeks following initial COVID-19 symptoms. Autonomic testing demonstrated an excessive postural tachycardia in 4 patients, a hypertensive response with head-up tilt in 3 patients, orthostatic hypotension in 1 patient, and sudomotor impairment in 1 of the patients with excessive postural tachycardia.Conclusions: We present clinical features and results of autonomic testing in 6 patients with a history COVID-19 infection. While all patients reported typical features of orthostatic intolerance, fatigue, and activity intolerance, the results of autonomic testing were heterogenous, with orthostatic hypotension in 1 patient, excessive postural tachycardia typical of postural tachycardia syndrome in 4 patients, and postural hypertension in 3 patients.