bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Promoting Mitochondrial Interconnectivity Protects against AKI
Authors: Taguchi Kensei , Elias Bertha C. , Krystofiak Evan , Qian Subo , Sant Snehal , Yang Haichun , Fogo Agnes B. , Brooks Craig R. 
Published: October 2021

Key Points

• Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging reveals kidney tubule cell mitochondria form continuous networks in healthy mouse and human tissue, which break down with injury.• SIM imaging can be applied to various organelles and structures, including autophagosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, brush border, and cell morphology.• Promoting mitochondrial fusion maintains mitochondrial interconnectivity and ameliorates cisplatin-induced kidney injury.

Background
The root of many kidney diseases in humans can be traced to alterations or damage to subcellular organelles. Mitochondrial fragmentation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lysosomal inhibition, among others, ultimately contribute to kidney injury and are the target of therapeutics in development. Although recent technological advancements allow for the understanding of disease states at the cellular level, investigating changes in subcellular organelles from kidney tissue remains challenging.

Methods
Using structured illumination microscopy, we imaged mitochondria and other organelles from paraffin sections of mouse tissue and human kidney biopsy specimens. The resulting images were 3D rendered to quantify mitochondrial size, content, and morphology. Results were compared with those from transmission electron microscopy and segmentation.

Results
Super-resolution imaging reveals kidney tubular epithelial cell mitochondria in rodent and human kidney tissue form large, interconnected networks under basal conditions, which are fragmented with injury. This approach can be expanded to other organelles and cellular structures including autophagosomes, ER, brush border, and cell morphology. We find that, during unilateral ischemia, mitochondrial fragmentation occurs in most tubule cells and they remain fragmented for >96 hours. Promoting mitochondrial fusion with the fusion promotor M1 preserves mitochondrial morphology and interconnectivity and protects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury.

Conclusions
We provide, for the first time, a nonbiased, semiautomated approach for quantification of the 3D morphology of mitochondria in kidney tissue. Maintaining mitochondrial interconnectivity and morphology protects against kidney injury. Super-resolution imaging has the potential to both drive discovery of novel pathobiologic mechanisms in kidney tissue and broaden the diagnoses that can be made on human biopsy specimens.
Pengaruh Air Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Selatan Terhadap Beton Porous dengan Penambahan Fly Ash
Authors: Purnamasari Eka , Saukani Muhammad , Ridzeki Fitriani 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian terhadap kuat tekan beton beton porous yang menggunakan agregat kasar dengan tambahan material pozzolan fly ash dan direndam dalam air gambut/rawa bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat khususnya yang di wilayahnya dikelilingi oleh lahan gambut/rawa bahwa fly ash ternyata dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan. Selain itu menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk dapat seluas mungkin memanfaatkan limbah pembakaran batu bara (fly ash) misalnya diplikasikan untuk campuran bahan bangunan seperti beton dan mortar. Kemudian akhirnya masyarakat juga memiliki pengetahuan bahwa tidak selamanya beton itu harus dicampur dengan pasir, berbobot berat dan kedap air. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental di laboratorium. Variabel penelitian di sini adalah porsi penambahan fly ash pada beberapa variasi porsi campuran beton non pasir dan pengaruh perendaman menggunakan air lahan gambut. Kuat tekan beton porous mengalami penurunan saat perawatan perendaman dengan air gambut. Pada sampel beton porous yang diberi perawatan perendaman dengan air rawa mengalami penurunan kuat tekan beton sebesar 10,28% dibandingkan dengan sampel beton porous yang direndam dengan air PDAM. Kuat tekan beton porous dengan fly ash 10% yang direndam dengan air gambut yaitu sebesar 6,89 Mpa dan uat tekan beton porous dengan fly ash 20% yang direndam dengan air gambut yaitu sebesar 7,85 Mpa. Pola retakan yang terjadi dikarenakan penyebaran tegangan pada benda uji akibat proses ikat pegangan pada benda uji dan juga berpengaruh terhadap homogenitas agregat penyusun beton. Pada model yang dilakukan perawatan perendaman dengan air PDAM dan air rawa gambut berdasarkan hasil penelitian pola retak yang terjadi yaitu retakan pada ujung samping.
Głusi i język migowy — spór o język i kulturę
Authors: Figiel Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

The article tries to describe phenomena that have so far largely not captured the attention of the Polish social sciences, that is the process of crystallization and manifestation of the cultural identity of the deaf. The controversies presented here concern mainly two questions. The first is whether the sign (visual-spatial) language may be treated on a par with a phonic one as another type of human language. Secondly, whether on the basis of this linguistic differentiation one can speak of the cultural and linguistic identity of the deaf. In such a case the destruction of the sense of hearing would not be treated as a physical disability, but as a characteristic of cultural otherness. Moreover, one can be culturally Deaf even if one c a n hear — the factors that constitute the minority Deaf Culture are above all: the use of sign language, the recognition of its primacy over the artiﬁcial systems of sign language and a phonic language as well as the protection of the cultural heritage of the Deaf in a society capable of audition where the Deaf are discriminated against and “discultured” (for example by the system of education or the imperative of curing deafness by cochlear implants).
Singularity structures for sub-250 nm emissions from AlGaN-based semiconductors
Authors: Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Solid-state UV light sources emitting below a wavelength of 250 nm (far UVC) are expected in various application fields. Although III-nitride semiconductors are promising material systems for this purpose, their emission efficiency becomes lower at shorter wavelengths. In this paper, we review two emerging singularity structures, which can improve emission efficiency. One structure is AlGaN quantum wells (QWs) formed on macrosteps due to step bunching. Compared with the adjacent planar QWs on atomically flat terraces, QWs on macrosteps have lower Al compositions and thicker wells. Consequently, they act as potential minima. Strong emissions are observed from QWs on macrosteps due to suppressed nonradiative recombination. The other structure is GaN QWs with monolayer-level thickness. Strong carrier confinement within ultrathin GaN QWs enhances radiative recombination. Additionally, the exclusion of Al from the well decreases cation vacancies and lowers the nonradiative recombination probability.
Recent progress in the macroscopic orientation of semiconducting polymers by floating film transfer method
Authors: Pandey Manish , Singh Vipul , Kumar Chandan , Pandey Shyam S. , Nakamura Masakazu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrienting semiconducting polymers (SCPs) using solution-processable techniques for organic electronic devices is essential for realizing a printable electronics device. Preparation of oriented films on liquid substrates and transferring on actual device substrate offers many advantages, including layer-by-layer coating, independent control of morphology, freedom to choose substrates, and device geometry. The floating films transfer method (FTM) has emerged as a unique method to prepare oriented films of SCP using solution processing. Here, we review recent progress in this method from the viewpoint of improvement in FTM to orient SCPs and their anisotropy in organic field effect transistors. In addition, the use of FTM films in sensing applications is also reviewed.
Przestępstwo kradzieży tożsamości po zmianach wprowadzonych ustawą z 31 marca 2020 r. nowelizującej przepisy w sprawie COVID-19
Authors: Budyn-Kulik Magdalena 
Published: October 2021

Ustawa z dnia 31 marca 2020 r. o zmianie ustawy o szczególnych rozwiązaniach związanych z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19, innych chorób zakaźnych oraz wywoływanych nimi sytuacji kryzysowych zmieniła m.in. treść przepisu art. 190 a § 2 k.k. W pierwotnym brzmieniu tego przepisu kryminalizowane było zachowanie polegające na podszywanie się pod inną osobę z wykorzystaniem jej wizerunku lub innych danych osobowych w celu wyrządzenia jej szkody majątkowej lub osobistej. Wizerunek jest pojęciem niełatwym do zdefiniowania. Przyjmuje się, że obejmuje obraz człowieka oraz inne cechy postrzegalne zewnętrznie pozwalające na jego identyfikację. Pojęcie danych osobowych zostało zdefiniowane w rozporządzeniu Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) jako wszelkie informacje o możliwej do zidentyfikowania osobie fizycznej. Obecnie ustawodawca wprowadził dodatkowe znamię – „inne dane, za pomocą których jest ona publicznie identyfikowana”. Zasadność wprowadzenia tego znamienia oraz sposób jego ukształtowania budzi wątpliwości; w szczególności określenia „publicznie” oraz „jest identyfikowana”. Zarówno pojęcie wizerunku, jak i danych osobowych, mieszczą się w znamieniu „innych danych”.
Obowiązki przedkontraktowe dewelopera jako instrument ochrony praw nabywcy
Authors: Mróz–Krysta Dominika 
Published: October 2021

Umowa deweloperska została uregulowana jako pozakodeksowa umowa nazwana. Celem tej regulacji było zapewnienie nabywcy lokalu adekwatnej ochrony prawnej, jakiej nie gwarantowały dotychczasowe regulacje dotyczące umowy przedwstępnej. Pojęcie nabywcy jest szersze niż pojęcie konsumenta – to osoba fizyczna, bez względu na cel zawierania umowy.
Jednym z aspektów ochrony nabywcy jest regulacja przedkontraktowych obowiązków informacyjnych dewelopera. Deweloper zobowiązany jest przed zawarciem umowy poinformować nabywcę o jego sytuacji prawno-finansowej oraz przedstawić szczegóły dotyczące nabywanego lokalu. Przekazane informacje muszą być prawdziwe i rzetelne. Konsekwencje naruszenia obowiązków przedkontraktowych są uzależnione od tego, czy doszło do zawarcia umowy deweloperskiej. Mogą być nimi naprawienie szkody, jaką nabywca poniósł przez to, że liczył na zawarcie umowy; odstąpienie od umowy; uchylenie się od skutków oświadczenia woli; sankcje administracyjne oraz karne.
Istota zadośćuczynienia oraz czynniki wpływające na jego wysokość
Authors: Hyla Aleksandra 
Published: October 2021

Opracowanie dotyczy instytucji zadośćuczynienia, stanowiącego jeden ze sposobów naprawienia szkody niemajątkowej. Przyznana suma pieniężna ma wynagradzać doznane cierpienia fizyczne i psychiczne, a co za tym idzie ma stanowić pewnego rodzaju ekwiwalent poniesionej szkody niemajątkowej. Aby funkcja ta mogła być realizowana, wysokość zadośćuczynienia musi zostać należycie ustalona w oparciu o czynniki istotne dla danego stanu faktycznego. Uznanie, czy osobie, której została wyrządzona szkoda, należy się zadośćuczynienie i w jakiej wysokości należy do kompetencji sądu. W niniejszym artykule omówione zostały przykładowe czynniki, którymi sąd powinien kierować się przy określaniu wysokości należnego zadośćuczynienia. Wskazano, jak dużym wyzwaniem dla sądu jest orzekanie o kompensacyjnej funkcji zadośćuczynienia.
Analiza statystyczna liczby ustaw i rozporządzeń wchodzących w życie w latach 1992 – 2018 w kontekście zachowania odpowiedniej vacatio legis
Authors: Ciurak Patryk , Głowacka Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

Ustanawiając okres vacatio legis prawodawca powinien wziąć pod uwagę całokształt okoliczności towarzyszących wejściu w życie aktu prawnego. Do tej pory pomijano ogólną liczbę aktów prawnych wchodzących w życie w tym samym czasie. Celem badania było określenie, czy istnieją istotne statystycznie różnice w liczbie ustaw i rozporządzeń wchodzących w życie w poszczególnych miesiącach na przestrzeni lat 1992–2018. Istnienie różnic potwierdzono analizą zebranych danych. Autorzy postulują bardziej równomierne rozłożenie zmian w prawie na wszystkie miesiące roku. Przeciwny wypadek może – zdaniem autorów – oznaczać to naruszenie zasady odpowiedniej vacatio legis oraz będącej jej podstawą zasady zaufania jednostki do państwa i stanowionego przez nie prawa.

When establishing the vacatio legis period, the legislator should take into account all the circumstances surrounding the entry into force of a legal act. An issue so far overlooked is the total number of legal acts coming into force at the same time. The aim of the study was to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the number of acts and regulations coming into force in individual months over the years 1992 – 2018, which has been proven for various times of the year. The authors suggest a more even distribution of changes is needed for almost all months of the year. Otherwise, according to the authors, this may mean a violation of the principle of adequate vacatio legis and the principle of the individual's trust in the state and the law underpinning it.
Altering Facial Movements Abolishes Neural Mirroring of Facial Expressions
Authors: Birch-Hurst Kayley , Rychlowska Magdalena , Lewis Michael B. , Vanderwert Ross E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeople tend to automatically imitate others’ facial expressions of emotion. That reaction, termed “facial mimicry” has been linked to sensorimotor simulation—a process in which the observer’s brain recreates and mirrors the emotional experience of the other person, potentially enabling empathy and deep, motivated processing of social signals. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie sensorimotor simulation remain unclear. This study tests how interfering with facial mimicry by asking participants to hold a pen in their mouth influences the activity of the human mirror neuron system, indexed by the desynchronization of the EEG mu rhythm. This response arises from sensorimotor brain areas during observed and executed movements and has been linked with empathy. We recorded EEG during passive viewing of dynamic facial expressions of anger, fear, and happiness, as well as nonbiological moving objects. We examine mu desynchronization under conditions of free versus altered facial mimicry and show that desynchronization is present when adult participants can freely move but not when their facial movements are inhibited. Our findings highlight the importance of motor activity and facial expression in emotion communication. They also have important implications for behaviors that involve occupying or hiding the lower part of the face.
Peeking inside the Black Box: Interpreting Deep-learning Models for Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrievals
Authors: Yip Kai Hou , Changeat Quentin , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Morvan Mario , Edwards Billy , Waldmann Ingo P. , Tinetti Giovanna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deep-learning algorithms are growing in popularity in the field of exoplanetary science due to their ability to model highly nonlinear relations and solve interesting problems in a data-driven manner. Several works have attempted to perform fast retrievals of atmospheric parameters with the use of machine-learning algorithms like deep neural networks (DNNs). Yet, despite their high predictive power, DNNs are also infamous for being “black boxes.” It is their apparent lack of explainability that makes the astrophysics community reluctant to adopt them. What are their predictions based on? How confident should we be in them? When are they wrong, and how wrong can they be? In this work, we present a number of general evaluation methodologies that can be applied to any trained model and answer questions like these. In particular, we train three different popular DNN architectures to retrieve atmospheric parameters from exoplanet spectra and show that all three achieve good predictive performance. We then present an extensive analysis of the predictions of DNNs, which can inform us–among other things–of the credibility limits for atmospheric parameters for a given instrument and model. Finally, we perform a perturbation-based sensitivity analysis to identify to which features of the spectrum the outcome of the retrieval is most sensitive. We conclude that, for different molecules, the wavelength ranges to which the DNNs predictions are most sensitive do indeed coincide with their characteristic absorption regions. The methodologies presented in this work help to improve the evaluation of DNNs and to grant interpretability to their predictions.
Long-term Evolution of the Short-term X-Ray Variability of the Jetted TDE Swift J1644+57
Authors: Jin 金 Chichuan 驰川 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The short-term X-ray variability of tidal disruption events (TDEs) and its similarities with that of active galactic nuclei are poorly understood. In this work, we show the diversity of TDEs’ short-term X-ray variability, and take Swift J1644+57 as an example to study the evolution of various properties related to the short-term X-ray variability, such as the X-ray flux distribution, power spectral density (PSD), rms variability, time lag, and coherence spectra. We find that the flux distribution of Swift J1644+57 has a lognormal form in the normal state, but deviates from it significantly in the dipping state, thereby implying different physical mechanisms in the two states. We also find that during the first two XMM-Newton observations in the dipping state, Swift J1644+57 exhibited different variability patterns, which are characterized by steeper PSDs and larger rms than the normal state. A significant soft X-ray lag is detected in these two observations, which is ∼50 s between 0.3–1 keV and 2–10 keV with a high coherence. Using the 2–10 keV rms of 0.10–0.50, the black hole mass of Swift J1644+57 is estimated to be

(
0.6
–
7.9
)
×

10

6

M

⊙

, but the variation of rms as the TDE evolves introduces a large uncertainty. Finally, we discuss the value of conducting similar studies on other TDEs, especially in the coming era of time-domain astronomy when a lot more TDEs will be discovered in X-rays promptly. This also heralds a significant increase in the demand for deep follow-up observations of X-ray selected TDEs with X-ray telescopes of large effective areas and long orbital periods.
Unraveling the Eclipse Mechanism of a Binary Millisecond Pulsar Using Broadband Radio Spectra
Authors: Kansabanik Devojyoti , Bhattacharyya Bhaswati , Roy Jayanta , Stappers Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The frequency dependent eclipses of the radio emission from millisecond pulsars in compact binary systems provide an opportunity to understand the eclipse mechanism and to determine the nature of the eclipsing medium. We combine multifrequency observations from the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and model the broadband radio spectrum in the optically thick to thin transition regime to constrain the eclipse mechanism. The best-fit model to the eclipse phase spectra favors synchrotron absorption by relativistic electrons. We are able to strongly constrain the frequency of onset of the eclipse to 345 ± 5 MHz, which is an order of magnitude more precise than previous estimates. The dependence on the magnetic field strength of synchrotron absorption allowed us to estimate the magnetic field strength of the eclipse medium to be ∼13 G, which is very similar to the values obtained by considering a pressure balance between the incident pulsar wind and the stellar wind of the companion. Applying this method to other millisecond binary pulsars will enable us to determine if the eclipse mechanisms are all the same and also estimate the wind and magnetic field properties of the companion stars. The method could also be applied to other systems where pulsars interact with companion winds in binary systems and in all cases it will lead to a better understanding of the evolutionary processes.
The Extinction and Distance of the MBM Molecular Clouds at High Galactic Latitude
Authors: Sun 孙 Mingxu 明旭 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Zhao 赵 He 赫 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on the accurate color excess

E

G

BP

,

G

RP

of more than 4 million stars and the

E

NUV
,

G

BP

of more than 1 million stars from Sun et al., the distance and extinction of the molecular clouds (MCs) in the Magnani–Blitz–Mundy catalog at ∣b∣ > 20° are studied in combination with the distance measurement of Gaia/EDR3. The distance, as well as the color excess, is determined for 66 MCs. The color excess ratio

E

N

U

V

,

G

B

P

/

E

G

B

P

,

G

R

P

is derived for 39 of them, which is obviously larger and implies more small particles at smaller extinction. In addition, the scale height of the dust disk is found to be about 100 pc and becomes large at the anticenter direction due to the disk flaring.
Peirce en Amazonie : controverse à propos de la sémiotique d’Eduardo Kohn et de la communication avec les non-humains
Authors: Bocquet Martine 
Published: October 2021

Cet article traite de la controverse suscitée par l’ouvrage d’Eduardo Kohn Comment pensent les forêts : vers une anthropologie au-delà de l’humain, à propos de l’usage qu’il fait de la sémiotique de Peirce pour aborder la communication et les relations que le peuple Runa d’Ávila entretient avec les non-humains, dans les contreforts amazoniens des Andes. Eduardo Kohn théorise ces rapports, de nature animiste, avec la faune, leurs chiens, mais aussi les esprits maîtres de la forêt amazonienne. Kohn n’a-t-il pas distordu certains concepts de Peirce pour les appliquer à son projet à la fois sémiotique et anthropologique. Était-ce nécessaire ? Cela ne révèle-t-il pas certains biais dans sa pensée, qui l’auraient poussé à déformer des aspects essentiels des concepts de Peirce ?
Individual capacities influencing uses of routine health data for decision making among health workersat Muhimbili National Hospital; Dar es Salaam – Tanzania: a quantitative study
Authors: Mpimbi Salim , Mughwira Mwangu 
Published: October 2021

Background: The availability of health workers with the capacity to read and understand statistical data and then use them for work-related decision-making, therefore, supporting their institutions or the existing health system at large in developing countries is important. However, in some countries, Tanzania inclusive, this has remained critical. This requires the capacity-building of potential users. The study aimed to assess individual capacities influencing use of routine health data for decision-making among Emergency Medicine health workers at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).
Methods: The study design used was a descriptive cross-sectional using a quantitative approach. Stratified random sampling was used to sample Nurses, Medical officers, Residents, and Emergency medicine specialists. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study involved 76 health workers working in the Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) at MNH.
Results: Results showed 61.6% use of routine health data for decision making. Working experience, job title, and education level had a statistically significant association with information used for decision-making. There was a statistically significant difference in routine data use between those who had poor and good knowledge to collect, analyze, interpret, and use data. Also, results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in routine data use between those who had poor and good skills to collect, analyze, interpret, and use data. Specialists had a good level of knowledge and skills on data use compared to other health workers.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates partial use of routine health data for decision-making with an interplay of individual capacities. A framework for statistical capacity building in Tanzania needs to be built, by training a cadre of health workers with core competencies and skills in measuring progress in the health system that could generate sustainable demand for data use within the health systems of the country.