bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of medication overuse headache: Effect and predictors after 1 year—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carlsen Louise N. , Rouw Carolien , Westergaard Maria L. , Nielsen Mia , Munksgaard Signe B. , Bendtsen Lars , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCombined withdrawal and early preventive medication was the most effective treatment for medication overuse headache (MOH) within the first 6 months in a previous study, but results from a longer follow‐up period are lacking.Objective(1) To measure the efficacy at 1 year of three different treatment approaches to MOH; (2) to compare withdrawal and early preventives (W+P), preventives with potential withdrawal therapy after 6 months (P+pW), and withdrawal with delayed potential preventives (W+pP); and (3) to identify predictors of chronic headache after 1 year.MethodsPatients with MOH and migraine and/or tension‐type headache were randomly assigned to one of the three outpatient treatments. Headache calendar and questionnaires were filled out. Primary outcome was a reduction in headache days/month after 1 year.ResultsOf 120 patients, 96 completed 1‐year follow‐up, and all were included in our analyses. Overall headache days/month were reduced from 24.6 (23.4–25.8) to 15.0 (13.0–17.0) (p < 0.0001), and only 11/96 patients (11%) relapsed. Reduction in monthly headache days was 10.3 days (95% CI: 6.7–13.9) in the W+P group, 10.8 days (95% CI: 7.6–14) in the P+pW group, and 7.9 days (95% CI: 5.1–10.7) in the W+pP group. No significant differences in treatment effect were seen between the three groups (p = 0.377). After 1 year, 39/96 (41%) had chronic headache. Predictors of chronic headache after 1 year were higher headache frequency (aOR 1.19; 1.09–1.31), more days with acute medication (aOR 1.11; 1.03–1.19), higher pain intensity (aOR 1.04; 1.01–1.08), and depression (aOR 4.7; 1.38–18.95), whereas higher self‐rated health (aOR 0.61; 0.36–0.97) and high caffeine consumption (aOR 0.40; 0.16–0.96) were predictors of a lower risk of chronic headache. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsAll treatment strategies proved effective in treating MOH with a low relapse rate. The W+P strategy leads to the fastest effect, confirming earlier treatment recommendations. Identification of predictors for chronic headache may help identify more complex patients.
Efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for episodic migraine prevention: Multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial in Japanese and Korean patients
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko , Suzuki Norihiro , Kim Byung‐Kun , Tatsuoka Yoshihisa , Imai Noboru , Ning Xiaoping , Ishida Miki , Nagano Kaori , Iba Katsuhiro , Kondo Hiroyuki , Koga Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of fremanezumab in Japanese and Korean patients with episodic migraine.BackgroundEpisodic migraine, which accounts for more than 90% of migraine cases, is inadequately addressed by widely available preventive therapies. Fremanezumab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the trigeminal sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide involved in migraine pathogenesis, has demonstrated efficacy in international Phase 3 trials of patients with both chronic and episodic migraine.MethodsThis Phase 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trial randomly assigned patients with episodic migraine to receive subcutaneous fremanezumab monthly (225 mg at baseline, week 4, and week 8), fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline and placebo at weeks 4 and 8), or matching placebo. The primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline in the monthly average number of migraine days during the 12‐week treatment period after the first dose.ResultsOf 357 patients enrolled (safety set, n = 356; full analysis set, n = 354), the least‐squares mean (±standard error) reductions in the average number of migraine days per month during 12 weeks were significantly greater with fremanezumab monthly (−4.0 ± 0.4, n = 121) and fremanezumab quarterly (−4.0 ± 0.4, n = 117) than with placebo (−1.0 ± 0.4, n = 116; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The proportion of patients reaching at least a 50% reduction in the monthly average number of migraine days during the 12‐week period after initial administration was also significantly improved with fremanezumab (fremanezumab monthly, 41.3%; fremanezumab quarterly, 45.3%; placebo, 11.2%; p < 0.0001 for both comparisons) as were other secondary endpoints (p < 0.001 for all comparisons between fremanezumab and placebo). Injection‐site reactions were more common in fremanezumab‐treated patients (fremanezumab monthly, 25.6%; fremanezumab quarterly, 29.7%; placebo, 21.4%).ConclusionFremanezumab prevents episodic migraine in Japanese and Korean patients to a similar extent than in previously reported populations with no new safety concerns.
Finding a lost species in the ‘Lost World’: predicted habitat occupancy by an endemic butterfly in a Neotropical sky‐island archipelago
Authors: Rabelo Rafael M. , Oliveira Isabela Freitas , Magnusson William E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pantepui is a Neotropical archipelago of remote sky islands (tepuis) that harbours a unique and poorly known biota, such as the endemic butterfly Antirrhea ulei. The Vicariance‐Migration hypothesis argues that Pantepui biota originated from a complex succession of climatic shifts, causing up‐and‐down migrations of cool‐adapted species from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present.
We evaluated how environmental gradients affect A. ulei habitat occupancy and predict its distribution across the Eastern Pantepui. We also test whether the species had a broader distribution during the LGM, following the Vicariance‐Migration hypothesis.
We surveyed for butterflies across 14 plots at Uei tepui, following an elevational gradient. We used Bayesian occupancy modelling to evaluate how environmental gradients affect A. ulei occurrence and to predict the current and past species distribution.
Species habitat occupancy was strongly associated with environmental gradients. Our model correctly predicted the species occurrence at all localities previously reported to be occupied by the species, and also predicted the potential species occurrence on other tepuis. Our historical prediction of species distribution showed that the species likely had a broader distribution during the LGM, in comparison with its current restricted distribution.
Our historical predictions suggest that the species may have spread across the Eastern Pantepui during LGM and migrated up the tepuis during the Holocene warming, in accordance with the Vicariance‐Migration hypothesis. Our study shows how data from local standardised surveys can be useful to estimate the distribution pattern of other little‐studied species of the Pantepui biota.
Familiarity, attitudes and behaviours as key factors to explore plantain and amaranth flours as potential ingredients for sandwich bread
Authors: Bringas‐Gonzalez Valeria , Contreras‐Oliva Adriana , López‐Espíndola Mirna , Bello‐Pérez Luis Arturo , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective was to identify the familiarity, attitudes and behaviours of consumers regarding amaranth and plantain‐based foods focusing on sandwich bread (SB). A total of 221 responses from Mexican consumers were collected using a questionnaire implemented in Google® Forms. Results showed that consumers were more familiar with foods based on amaranth (95%) than plantain (36%). A significant relationship (P < 0.05) of gender and familiarity with health implications of SB consumption was found. Women were aware of health implications, whereas men were not. Age had an important relationship with the emotions elicited from the consumption of SB. Younger participants indicated that they feel calm and older participants guilty. Age and gender are potential factors to guide the development of the SB formulation as a viable proposal to diversify products based on plantain and amaranth flours.
Interaction between intestinal microbiota and tumour immunity in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Yang Xiuxiu , Guo Yaxin , Chen Chen , Shao Bo , Zhao Luyang , Zhou Quanbo , Liu Jinbo , Wang Guixian , Yuan Weitang , Sun Zhenqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that intestinal microbiota have an important effect on tumour immunity by affecting the tumour microenvironment (TME). The intestinal microbiota are closely associated with various immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK cells) and macrophages. Some bacteria, such asAkkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila)andLactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri), have been shown to improve the effect of tumour immunity. Furthermore, microbial imbalance, such as the increased abundance ofFusobacterium nucleatum (F.nucleatum)andHelicobacter hepaticus (H.hepaticus), generally causes tumour formation and progression. In addition, some microbiota also play important roles in tumour immunotherapy, especially PD‐L1‐related therapies. Therefore, what is the relationship between these processes and how do they affect each other? In this review, we summarize the interactions and corresponding mechanisms among the intestinal microbiota, immune system and TME to facilitate the research and development of new targeted drugs and provide new approaches to tumour therapy.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N2 (clade 2.3.4.4) challenge of mallards age appropriate to the 2015 midwestern poultry outbreak
Authors: Hall Jeffrey S. , Grear Daniel A. , Krauss Scott , Seiler J. Patrick , Dusek Robert J. , Nashold Sean W. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 outbreak in upper midwestern U.S. poultry operations was not detected in wild birds to any great degree during the outbreak, despite wild waterfowl being implicated in the introduction, reassortment, and movement of the virus into North America from Asia. This outbreak led to the demise of over 50 million domestic birds and occurred mainly during the northward spring migration of adult avian populations.ObjectivesThere have been no experimental examinations of the pathogenesis, transmission, and population impacts of this virus in adult wild waterfowl with varying exposure histories—the most relevant age class.MethodsWe captured, housed, and challenged adult wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with HPAIV H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 and measured viral infection, viral excretion, and transmission to other mallards.ResultsAll inoculated birds became infected and excreted moderate amounts of virus, primarily orally, for up to 14 days. Cohoused, uninoculated birds also all became infected. Serological status had no effect on susceptibility. There were no obvious clinical signs of disease, and all birds survived to the end of the study (14 days).ConclusionsBased on these results, adult mallards are viable hosts of HPAIV H5N2 regardless of prior exposure history and are capable of transporting the virus over short and long distances. These findings have implications for surveillance efforts. The capture and sampling of wild waterfowl in the spring, when most surveillance programs are not operating, are important to consider in the design of future HPAIV surveillance programs.
Incidence rates of influenza illness during pregnancy in Suzhou, China, 2015–2018
Authors: Chen Liling , Zhou Suizan , Bao Lin , Millman Alexander J. , Zhang Zhongwei , Wang Yan , Tan Yayun , Song Ying , Cui Pengwei , Pang Yuanyuan , Liu Cheng , Qin Jiangchun , Zhang Ping , Thompson Mark G. , Iuliano A. Danielle , Zhang Ran , Greene Carolyn M. , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundData on influenza incidence during pregnancy in China are limited.MethodsFrom October 2015 to September 2018, we conducted active surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI) among women during pregnancy. Nurses conducted twice weekly phone and text message follow‐up upon enrollment until delivery to identify new episodes of ARI. Nasal and throat swabs were collected ≤10 days from illness onset to detect influenza.ResultsIn total, we enrolled 18 724 pregnant women median aged 28 years old, 37% in first trimester, 48% in second trimester, and 15% in third trimester, with seven self‐reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy. In the 18‐week epidemic period during October 2015 to September 2016, influenza incidence was 0.7/100 person‐months (95% CI: 0.5–0.9). In the cumulative 29‐week‐long epidemic during October 2016 to September 2017, influenza incidence was 1.0/100 person‐months (95% CI: 0.8–1.2). In the 11‐week epidemic period during October 2017 to September 2018, influenza incidence was 2.1/100 person‐months (95% CI: 1.9–2.4). Influenza incidence was similar by trimester. More than half of the total influenza illnesses had no elevated temperature and cough. Most influenza‐associated ARIs were mild, and <5.1% required hospitalization.ConclusionsInfluenza illness in all trimesters of pregnancy was common. These data may help inform decisions regarding the use of influenza vaccine to prevent influenza during pregnancy.
Responses to outgroup help: The role of type of help and sense of control
Authors: Halabi Samer , Dovidio John F. , Nadler Arie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHelping may be motivated by a variety of reasons, including the desire of helpers to enhance the power of the ingroup and diminish the power of the outgroup. Accordingly, receiving unsolicited assistance from an outgroup member is often responded to negatively by ingroup members because it can undermine feelings of the efficacy of one's group and ultimately threaten the position of one's group relative to the helper's group. The present research explored how a sense of control, induced incidentally, can ameliorate such negative consequences of being helped. Two studies employed a minimal group paradigm and examined the response to an offer of help from a member of another group (Experiments 1 and 2) compared to an offer from a member of the same group (Experiment 2). The results of these two experiments converged to reveal that having the opportunity to exert control, even incidentally, can ameliorate negative responses to an outgroup helper and to the outgroup as a whole. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications. Identifying factors, such as control, that can promote the acceptance of assistance from members of other groups can complement previous work focusing on influences that exacerbate negative reactions to help, providing a more comprehensive understanding of intergroup helping relations and informing interventions to improve relations between groups.Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
Adiponectin up‐regulates the decrease of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β1‐adrenergic receptor autoantibody partly dependent on AMPK
Authors: Sun Cong , Lu Jiebei , Long Yaolin , Guo Shuai , Jia Weiwei , Ning Na , Hao Haihu , Wang Xiaohui , Bian Yunfei , Liu Huirong , Wang Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCardiomyocytes autophagy is essential for maintaining cardiac function. Our previous studies have found that β1‐adrenergic receptor autoantibody (β1‐AA) induced the decreased myocardial autophagic flux, which resulted in cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction. And other studies demonstrated that β1‐AA induced the decrease of AMPK phosphorylation, the key hub of autophagy pathway, while adiponectin up‐regulated autophagic flux mediated by AMPK. However, it is not clear whether adiponectin improves the inhibition of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β1‐AA by up‐regulating the level of AMPK phosphorylation. In this study, it has been confirmed that β1‐AA induced the decrease of AMPK phosphorylation level in both vivo and vitro. Moreover, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with AMPK inhibitor Compound C could further reduce the autophagic flux induced by β1‐AA. Adiponectin deficiency could aggravate the decrease of myocardial AMPK phosphorylation level, autophagic flux and cardiac function induced by β1‐AA. Further, exogenous adiponectin could reverse the decline of AMPK phosphorylation level and autophagic flux induced by β1‐AA and even reduce cardiomyocyte death. While pretreated with the Compound C, the adiponectin treatment did not improve the decreased autophagosome formation, but still improved the decreased autophagosome clearance induced by β1‐AA in cardiomyocytes. This study is the first time to confirm that β1‐AA could inhibit myocardial autophagic flux by down‐regulating AMPK phosphorylation level. Adiponectin could improve the inhibition of myocardial autophagic flux induced by β1‐AA partly dependent on AMPK, so as to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of patients with β1‐AA‐positive cardiac dysfunction.
Effects of codeine on esophageal peristalsis in humans using high resolution manometry
Authors: Chen Chien‐Lin , Wong Ming‐Wun , Hung Jui‐Sheng , Liang Shu‐Wei , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Lin Lin , Orr William C. , Lei Wei‐Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimOpioid receptors agonists have been demonstrated to impair lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and induce spastic esophageal dysmotility, but little was known for their impact on distension‐induced secondary peristalsis. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis whether acute administration of codeine can influence physiological characteristics of primary and secondary peristalsis in healthy adults.MethodsEighteen healthy volunteers (13 men, mean age 27.5 years, aged 20–43 years) underwent high resolution manometry (HRM) with a catheter containing an injection port in mid‐esophagus. Secondary peristalsis was performed with 10 and 20 mL rapid air injections. Two different sessions including acute administration of codeine (60 mg) or the placebo were randomly performed.ResultsCodeine significantly increased 4‐s integrated relaxation pressure (IRP‐4s) (P = 0.003) and shortened distal latency (DL) (P = 0.003) of primary peristalsis. The IRP‐4s of secondary peristalsis was also significantly higher after codeine than the placebo during air injections with 10 mL (P = 0.048) and 20 mL (P = 0.047). Codeine significantly increased the frequency of secondary peristalsis during air injections with 10 mL than the placebo (P = 0.007), but not for air injection with 20 mL (P = 0.305).ConclusionsIn addition to impair LES relaxation and reduce distal latency of primary peristalsis, codeine impairs LES relaxation of secondary peristalsis and increases secondary peristaltic frequency. Our study supports the notion in human esophagus that the impact of opioids on peristaltic physiology appears to be present in both primary and secondary peristalsis.
A new palatable oral rehydration solution: A randomised controlled cross‐over study in patients with a high output stoma
Authors: Culkin Alison , Gabe Simon M. , Nightingale Jeremy M. D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with a jejunostomy or high output stoma may need a glucose–sodium oral rehydration solution drink to maintain hydration. These solutions are unpalatable and a new flavoured pre‐packaged solution was developed.MethodsAfter 8 h of fasting, 27 patients took 500 mL of the modified World Health Organization (WHO) cholera solution or Glucodrate® (Vitaflo) on two occasions in a cross‐over random order and urine and stomal output was collected for 6 h.ResultsThere was a small but significant difference in net sodium absorption in favour of the modified WHO cholera solution (10 ± 28 mmol modified WHO cholera solution vs. −1 ± 26 mmol Glucodrate®, p = 0.01). However the Glucodrate® was more palatable, with 24 patients (89%) preferring it to the modified WHO cholera solution (p < 0.005).ConclusionsGlucodrate® is a more palatable solution than the modified WHO cholera solution and is almost as effective and so can be used when patients find the modified WHO cholera solution unpalatable.
Language work and affect in adult language education
Authors: Barakos Elisabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article considers the connection of language work and affect in the exemplary site of a private language education company as part of a larger discourse‐ethnography in Vienna, Austria. Using the lens of affect, I analyse the experience, management, and performance of affect as part of language trainers’ language work. I theorise on the connection of affect, ideology, and emotional labour to make sense of the tensions that language workers face over their neoliberal selfhood and their precarious and elite forms of employment. These findings show the pervasive role of affect in organizing language work, its costs and effects, and the ways in which affect is tied to ‘feeling rules’ through which language workers (have to) perform emotional labour by managing their own and others’ feelings and performances. The article expands current sociolinguistic engagements with affect as mediated modes of meaning‐making in the production networks of the new economy.
Sensory impairment: Natural result of aging
Authors: Tam Melissa , Koppel Kadri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the next 10 years, a generational group known as the Baby Boomers will become America's senior citizens and account for 22% of the country's population. Aging challenges such as sensory impairment may cause older adults to develop eating habits that may not align with developing medical conditions. This review addresses prevalence and severity of impairment for the five senses and the role of texture as human's age, such as the decline of olfactory acuity and the increase in basic taste thresholds. Despite the heterogenous impact of sensory impairment on older adults, it is not associated with reduced food liking. The food industry can implement strategies to help older adults overcome age‐related sensory decline to make food choices that promote healthy aging. Food products should be evaluated holistically, from packaging to last bite, to better guide and encourage food purchase, consumption, and liking toward healthy aging among older adults.Practical ApplicationsUnderstanding the implications of age on the accuracy of senses helps the industry develop better strategies to encourage healthy food purchases and consumption toward healthy aging. Product development strategies should address both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes to overcome sensory impairment and to promote healthy nutrition and aging.