bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Propagation of Reaction Fronts in a Sandy Aquifer Over 20+ Years: Lessons From a Test Site in Northwestern Germany
Authors: Houben Georg J. , Post Vincent E. A. , Gröger‐Trampe Jens , Pesci María H. , Sültenfuß Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite reduction measures, nitrate and aluminum concentrations remain high in aquifers in northwestern Europe. To evaluate the effectiveness of groundwater protection policies, the long‐term fate of these contaminants in groundwater needs to be understood. The groundwater catchment of the Haren water works, NW Germany, was characterized hydrogeochemically in the late 1990s, which provides an opportunity to study the solute fronts over a two‐decade period and conduct a post‐audit of the predicted front movement. Results indicate that, despite a significant reduction of the atmospheric acid loads, the acidification of soil and groundwater at the forest site persists. Removal of sorbed aluminum is required to induce a noticeable improvement, which will take at least several decades. The unexpected appearance of nitrate at the site, caused by a land use change in 1998, highlights the need for long‐term monitoring. Core data at the agricultural site show that the denitrification front has moved very little between 1998 and 2017, in accordance with previous forecasts. Denitrification by‐products, mainly sulfate and nitrogen, have migrated from the upper into the lower aquifer. A reactive transport model demonstrated how the link between the regional groundwater flow, pyrite oxidation, and the temporal variability of the nitrate concentration in recharge water, as reconstructed from age tracers, result in the observed vertical distribution of sulfate and nitrogen. This study demonstrates how long‐term monitoring, aided by model‐based data interpretation, can be used to successfully study and predict the fate of contaminants in groundwater.
309 metagenome assembled microbial genomes from deep sediment samples in the Gulfs of Kathiawar Peninsula
Authors: Nathani Neelam M. , Dave Kaushambee J. , Vatsa Priyanka P. , Mahajan Mayur S. , Sharma Parth , Mootapally Chandrashekar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProkaryoplankton genomes from the deep marine sediments are less explored compared to shallow shore sediments. The Gulfs of Kathiawar peninsula experience varied currents and inputs from different on-shore activities. Any perturbations would directly influence the microbiome and their normal homeostasis. Advancements in reconstructing genomes from metagenomes allows us to understand the role of individual unculturable microbes in ecological niches like the Gulf sediments. Here, we report 309 bacterial and archaeal genomes assembled from metagenomics data of deep sediments from sites in the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch as well as a sample from the Arabian Sea. Phylogenomics classified them into 5 archaeal and 18 bacterial phyla. The genomes will facilitate understanding of the physiology, adaptation and impact of on-shore anthropogenic activities on the deep sediment microbes.
Improvement of an additively manufactured subperiosteal implant structure design by finite elements based topological optimization
Authors: Carnicero Alberto , Peláez Andrés , Restoy-Lozano Andrés , Jacquott Isaías , Perera Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo design a new subperiosteal implant structure for patients suffering from severe Maxillary Atrophy that lowers manufacturing cost, shortens surgical time and reduces patient trauma with regard to current implant structures. A 2-phase finite-element-based topology optimization process was employed with implants made from biocompatible materials via additive manufacturing. Five bite loading cases related to standard chewing, critical chewing force, and worst conditions of fastening were considered along with each specific result to establish the areas that needed to be subjected to fatigue strength optimization. The 2-phase topological optimization tested in this study performed better than the reference implant geometry in terms of both the structural integrity of the implant under tensile-compressive and fatigue strength conditions and the material constraints related to implant manufacturing conditions. It returns a nearly 28% lower volumetric geometry and avoids the need to use two upper fastening screws that are required with complex surgical procedures. The combination of topological optimization methods with the flexibility afforded by additively manufactured biocompatible materials, provides promising results in terms of cost reduction, minimizing the surgical trauma and implant installation impact on edentulous patients.
Quantitative and Qualitative Electroglottographic Wave Shape Differences in Children and Adults Using Voice Map–Based Analysis
Authors: Patel Rita R. , Ternström Sten 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which various measurements of contacting parameters differ between children and adults during habitual range and overlap vocal frequency/intensity, using voice map–based assessment of noninvasive electroglottography (EGG).

Method
EGG voice maps were analyzed from 26 adults (22–45 years) and 22 children (4–8 years) during connected speech and vowel /a/ over the habitual range and the overlap vocal frequency/intensity from the voice range profile task on the vowel /a/. Mean and standard deviations of contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, and cycle-rate sample entropy were obtained. Group differences were evaluated using the linear mixed model analysis for the habitual range connected speech and the vowel, whereas analysis of covariance was conducted for the overlap vocal frequency/intensity from the voice range profile task. Presence of a “knee” on the EGG wave shape was determined by visual inspection of the presence of convexity along the decontacting slope of the EGG pulse and the presence of the second derivative zero-crossing.

Results
The contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, and cycle-rate sample entropy were significantly different in children compared to (a) adult males for habitual range and (b) adult males and adult females for the overlap vocal frequency/intensity. None of the children had a “knee” on the decontacting slope of the EGG slope.

Conclusion
EGG parameters of contact quotient by integration, normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, cycle-rate sample entropy, and absence of a “knee” on the decontacting slope characterize the wave shape differences between children and adults, whereas the normalized contacting speed, quotient of speed by integration, cycle-rate sample entropy, and presence of a “knee” on the downward pulse slope characterize the wave shape differences between adult males and adult females.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15057345
Symptomkontrolle in der Palliativmedizin (ohne Schmerztherapie)
Authors: Wulf Hinnerk , Volberg Christian , Morin Astrid Marie 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungPatienten in palliativer Erkrankungsphase leiden häufig unter einer Vielzahl belastender Symptome mit deutlicher Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Die Behandlung gestaltet sich hierbei oftmals schwierig. Zum einen, da die Patienten zumeist mehrere Probleme gleichzeitig mitbringen, und zum anderen, weil die notwendigen Medikamente an anderer Stelle Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen können, die ihrerseits wiederum behandelt werden müssen. Im vorliegenden Artikel erläutern wir einen Großteil dieser Symptome und geben Behandlungsempfehlungen anhand der aktuellen Literatur (ausgenommen Schmerztherapie). Im Speziellen ist der Artikel in folgende Unterpunkte gegliedert: Mukositis/Stomatitis, Atemnot, Übelkeit, Obstipation, Angst, Depression, Schwäche/Fatigue, Delir, Schlafstörungen und terminale Unruhe, Pruritus, Pleuraerguss, Aszites. Nur selten kann man in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten nach Lehrbuch vorgehen. Man muss improvisieren, Medikamente abseits ihrer Zulassung
(Off-Label) gebrauchen oder manchmal auch einfach nur da sein. Der wichtigste Grundsatz in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten liegt in der Erhaltung oder Wiederherstellung der Lebensqualität. Unsere Therapie sollte immer an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepasst sein und es gilt, die Autonomie des Betroffenen zu wahren.
Drug-induced Myopathies
Authors: Steinmeyer Jürgen , Flechtenmacher Johannes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of muscle pain and weakness is extensive, including neurological, vertebral, arthrogenic, vascular, traumatic, immunological, endocrine, genetic and infectious
aetiologies, as well as medication or toxin-related causes. Muscles are highly sensitive to a large number of drugs, especially with high doses. Although many drug classes can cause toxic
myopathy, a significant number of cases are caused by lipid-lowering drugs, long-term use of corticosteroids, and, most often, alcohol misuse. Some drug interactions, e.g. those that are
metabolised via the enzyme CYP3A4, can increase the serum levels of the drugs and drug-induced toxicity. A careful history of patientʼs drug and alcohol consumption is therefore vital.
Clinical symptoms depend on the drug, dosage and patientʼs sensitivity. They can vary from asymptomatic increase in serum levels of creatine kinase, mild myalgia and cramps to muscle
weakness, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure and even death. The pathogenesis is often only partially known and multifactorial. Toxic myopathy is often reversible once the drug is discontinued,
alternative drug therapy is started or a different dosage regimen is chosen. Complications such as acute kidney failure must be avoided, and analgesic therapy may be indicated.
Current Minimally Invasive Surgical Concepts for Sacral Insufficiency Fractures
Authors: Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Schnake Klaus J. , Ullrich Bernhard , Scheyerer Max J. , Osterhoff Georg , Siekmann Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn increasing incidence of sacral insufficiency fractures in geriatric patients has been documented, representing a major challenge to our healthcare system. Determining the accurate
diagnosis requires the use of sectional imaging, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Initially, non-surgical treatment is indicated for the majority of patients. If
non-surgical treatment fails, several minimally invasive therapeutic strategies can be used, which have shown promising results in small case series. These approaches are sacroplasty,
percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation (S1 with or without S2), trans-sacral screw fixation or implantation of a trans-sacral bar, transiliac internal fixator stabilisation, and spinopelvic
stabilisation. These surgical strategies and their indications are reported in detail. Generally, treatment-related decision making depends on the clinical presentation, fracture morphology,
and attending surgeonʼs experience.
Eine Änderung des Rauchverhaltens beeinflusst das Überleben von HNSCC-Patienten
Authors: Fazel Asita , Quabius Elgar Susanne , Fabian Alexander , Gonzales Donate Mireia , Schleicher Thilo , Kress Konstantin , Laudien Martin , Huber Karen , Hoffmann Markus 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Einfluss des Rauchens auf das Überleben bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen ist in der Literatur gut belegt. Es gibt nur wenige Daten über Änderungen der Rauchgewohnheiten nach Diagnosestellung. Hier wird die Auswirkung der Reduktion der Rauchquantität im Vergleich zur vollen Entwöhnung auf das Überleben untersucht.
Patienten und Methoden Patientenakten und Tumordokumentationen von 643 konsekutiven Kopf-Hals-Karzinom-Fällen des Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrums der Universitätsklinik Kiel werden retrospektiv ausgewertet: Rauchgewohnheiten vor und nach der Behandlung sowie das Überleben werden dabei ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Eine Änderung des Rauchverhaltens bei der Erstdiagnose des Karzinoms führt zu signifikant positivem Effekt auf die Prognose im Vergleich zu fortgesetztem Rauchen. Es zeigt sich kein Unterschied zwischen Rauchreduktion und Entwöhnung. Dieser Effekt beruht alleinig auf solchen Patienten, die ausschließlich chirurgisch behandelt werden. Lebenslange Nichtraucher weisen einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil gegenüber aktiven und ehemaligen Rauchern auf, ohne Unterschied zwischen den beiden letztgenannten Gruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Der positive Einfluss veränderter Rauchgewohnheiten auf die Prognose verläuft parallel zum negativen direkten Effekt des aktiven Rauchens auf die Therapie, was auf peritumorale Hypoxie mit negativer Auswirkung auf die Wirksamkeit der R(C)T zurückgeführt wird. Der positive Effekt der Rauchverhaltensänderung bei ausschließlicher Chirurgie liegt am ehesten in verminderter perioperativer Komplikation begründet. Patienten sollen ermutigt werden, das Rauchen mit der Krebsdiagnose zumindest zu minimieren. Darüber hinaus sollten ehemalige Raucher für Überlebensschätzungen und Therapieplanung als aktive Raucher betrachtet werden.
Medizinprodukteaufbereitung in Klinik und Praxis
Authors: Kollenbach Peter 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungÄnderungen und Neuerungen in der hygienischen Betrachtung von Operationen und bei der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten stellen die Praxen und Krankenhäuser vor zunehmende Herausforderungen. Die föderalistische Umsetzung der Bestimmungen erschwert es zusätzlich, den Überblick über sämtliche Bestimmungen zu behalten. Die zentralen Dokumente für den OP-Betrieb stellen die KRINKO-Empfehlungen zur Vermeidung nosokomialer Infektionen (2018) und die Anforderungen an die Medizinprodukteaufbereitung (2012) dar. Eine Unterscheidung nach ambulanten und stationären Operationen ist aus infektionshygienischer Sicht heutzutage nicht mehr sinnvoll und zielführend. Die Patientenfaktoren, wie Vorerkrankungen, Voroperationen, Adipositas etc. spielen in der Risikobewertung der gesamten operativen Einheit eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle. Der Betrachtung von Surveillance-Daten wird zunehmende Bedeutung beigemessen.Für die Aufbereitung der Medizinprodukte (MP) finden sich ebenfalls je nach Konstruktion des MP und dessen Verwendung unterschiedliche Risikobeurteilungen. Die notwendigen Schritte zur Aufbereitung sind durch diese Beurteilung festgelegt. Schwerpunkt in der Aufbereitung wird wohl zunehmend für die Validierung der Prozesse zu erwarten sein. Eine reproduzierbare, hygienisch einwandfreie Aufbereitung zu erreichen und insbesondere zu dokumentieren bedeutet einen hohen organisatorischen Aufwand. Bei manueller, aber auch bei der maschinellen Aufbereitung müssen für jeden Arbeitsschritt Anweisungen erstellt werden, die auch dokumentiert und kontrolliert durchgeführt werden. Bei der maschinellen Aufbereitung ist der Erfüllungsaufwand dabei etwas geringer. Regelmäßige Schulungen und Fortbildungen sind in jedem Fall unerlässlich.Den betriebswirtschaftlichen Belangen bei der Aufbereitung stehen die Probleme der Finanzierung der mittlerweile hohen hygienischen Anforderungen gegenüber. Verhandlungen über die KBV sind im Gange. Inwieweit Erfolg zu verzeichnen sein wird, bleibt abzuwarten. Derzeit legen die Krankenkassen eine rigide Haltung an den Tag.
Endoscopic Insufflation–Induced Gastric Barotrauma during Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: A Report of Three Patients and Review of Literature
Authors: Seth Avnish Kumar , Bansal Rinkesh Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background We report three patients with endoscopic insufflation–induced gastric barotrauma (EIGB) during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). A definition and classification of EIGB is proposed.
Materials and Methods Records of patients undergoing UGIE over 7 years (April 2013–March 2020) were reviewed. Patients who developed new onset of bleeding or petechial spots in proximal stomach, in an area previously documented to be normal during the same endoscopic procedure, were studied.
Results New onset of bleeding or petechial spots in proximal stomach occurred in 3/286 (0.1%) patients undergoing PEG and in none of the 19,323 other UGIE procedures during the study period. All patients were men with median age 76 years (range 68–80 years), with no coagulopathy. Aspirin and apixaban were discontinued 1 week and 3 days prior to the procedure. Fresh blood was noted in the stomach at a median of 275 seconds (range 130–340) seconds after commencement of endoscopy. At retroflexion, multiple linear mucosal breaks of up to 3 cm, with oozing of blood, were noted in the proximal stomach along the lesser curvature, close to the gastroesophageal junction in two patients. In the third patient, multiple petechial spots were noticed in the fundus. The plan for PEG was abandoned and the stomach deflated by endoscopic suction. There was no subsequent hematemesis, melena, or drop in hemoglobin. One week later, repeat UGIE in the first two patients revealed multiple healing linear ulcers of 1 to 3 cm in the lesser curvature and PEG was performed.
Conclusion Overinsufflation over a short duration during UGIE may lead to EIGB. Early detection is key and in the absence gastric perforation, patients can be managed conservatively.
Morphometry and Contents of the Suprascapular Notch with Potential Clinical Implications: Α Cadaveric Study
Authors: Tsikouris George , Antonopoulos Ioannis , Vasdeki Dionysia , Chrysikos Dimosthenis , Koukakis Athanasios , Tsakotos George , Georgakopoulos Panagiotis , Troupis Theodore 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The suprascapular notch (SN) represents the point along the route of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) with the greatest potential risk for injury and compression. Thus, factors reducing the area of the notch have been postulated for suprascapular neuropathy development.
Methods Thirty-one fresh-frozen shoulders were dissected. The contents of the SN were described according to four types as classified by Polguj et al and the middle-transverse diameter of the notch was measured. Also, the presence of an ossified superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was identified.
Results The ligament was partially ossified in 8 specimens (25.8%), fully ossified in 6 (19.35%), and not ossified in the remaining 17 (54.85%). The mean middle-transverse diameter of the SN was 9.06 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 3.45). The corresponding for type-I notches was 8.64 mm (SD = 3.34), 8.86 mm (SD = 3.12) was for type-II, and 14.5 mm (SD = 1.02) was for type III. Middle-transverse diameter was shorter when an ossified ligament was present (mean = 5.10 mm, SD = 0.88 mm), comparing with a partially ossified ligament (mean =7.67 mm, SD = 2.24 mm) and a nonossified one (mean = 11.12 mm, SD = 2.92 mm). No statistically significant evidence was found that the middle-transverse diameter depends on the number of the elements, passing below the STSL.
Conclusion Our results suggest that SSN compression could be more likely to occur when both suprascapular vessels pass through the notch. Compression of the nerve may also occur when an ossified transverse scapular ligament is present, resulting to significant reduction of the notch's area.
Active elements in the form of thin rods of square cross section for multichannel laser amplifiers
Authors: Kuznetsov I.I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study thermally induced phase distortions of laser radiation in active elements in the form of thin rods of square cross section. The absence of aberrations and beam quality deterioration is demonstrated for these elements, due to which they can be used along with rods having a round cross section, differing from the latter by much higher technological efficiency of fabrication and mounting in the cooling system. A concept of compact and reliable multichannel solid-state amplifier based on such active elements is proposed, which allows one to use a multichannel fibre laser as a master system.
Nonlinear absorption of laser radiation by aluminium particles in a potassium bromide matrix
Authors: Zverev A.S. , Kalenskii A.V. , Ovchinnikov G.E. , Zvekov A.A. , Galkina E.V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical properties of a model pressed composite (potassium bromide matrix with incorporated ALEX aluminium powder) are experimentally investigated. It is shown that the spectral dependences of total transmittance and diffuse reflectance can be described with allowance for the presence of both individual aluminium nanoparticles and their aggregates with a characteristic radius of 133 nm in a sample. It is found that irradiation of a composite sample by a 1070-nm cw laser initiates nonlinear absorption of radiation by aluminium particles, which is detected by a change in the sample optical density. A model is proposed to describe the effect, which is based on the sample heating and temperature dependence of the optical characteristics of aluminium particles. The calculation results are in qualitative agreement with the observed changes in optical density; hence, the thermal mechanism of nonlinear absorption of electromagnetic radiation by metal particles is applicable to this model system.
Longer or shorter spines: Reciprocal trait evolution in stickleback via triallelic regulatory changes inStanniocalcin2a
Authors: Roberts Kingman Garrett A. , Lee David , Jones Felicity C. , Desmet Danielle , Bell Michael A. , Kingsley David M. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceAcross a broad range of species, evolution has modified a common vertebrate body plan to produce endless forms most beautiful. A key unanswered question is whether diverse morphological changes in a common structure arise from modifying different genes or the same genes in different ways. Many natural populations of threespine stickleback have evolved either longer or shorter dorsal and pelvic spines. Here, we identify reciprocal regulatory changes in an ancient enhancer of the bone growth inhibitor,Stanniocalcin2a, as an underlying genetic cause. Many other stickleback loci similarly show three or more major classes of variants across populations; we suggest that diverse alleles at key loci may represent a common mechanism for producing diverse phenotypes from a smaller toolkit of genes.
Charge-neutral nonlocal response in superconductor-InAs nanowire hybrid devices
Authors: Denisov A O , Bubis A V , Piatrusha S U , Titova N A , Nasibulin A G , Becker J , Treu J , Ruhstorfer D , Koblmüller G , Tikhonov E S , Khrapai V S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nonlocal quasiparticle transport in normal-superconductor-normal (NSN) hybrid structures probes sub-gap states in the proximity region and is especially attractive in the context of Majorana research. Conductance measurement provides only partial information about nonlocal response composed from both electron-like and hole-like quasiparticle excitations. In this work, we show how a nonlocal shot noise measurement delivers a missing puzzle piece in NSN InAs nanowire-based devices. We demonstrate that in a trivial superconducting phase quasiparticle response is practically charge-neutral, dominated by the heat transport component with a thermal conductance being on the order of conductance quantum. This is qualitatively explained by numerous Andreev reflections of a diffusing quasiparticle, that makes its charge completely uncertain. Consistently, strong fluctuations and sign reversal are observed in the sub-gap nonlocal conductance, including occasional Andreev rectification signals. Our results prove conductance and noise as complementary measurements to characterize quasiparticle transport in superconducting proximity devices.