bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal spread and evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the second pandemic wave in Brazil
Authors: Wolf Jonas M. , Kipper Diéssy , Borges Gabriela R. , Streck André F. , Lunge Vagner R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil that presented more than 21 million coronavirus disease 2019 cases and 590 000 deaths. The recent emergence of novel lineages carrying several mutations in the spike protein has raised additional public health concerns worldwide. The present study describes the temporal spreading and evolution of SARS‐CoV2 in the beginning of the second pandemic wave in Brazil, highlighting the fast dissemination of the two major concerning variants (P.1 and P.2). A total of 2507 SARS‐CoV‐2 whole‐genome sequences (WGSs) with available information from the country (Brazil) and sampling date (July 2020–February 2021), were obtained and the frequencies of the lineages were evaluated in the period of the growing second pandemic wave. The results demonstrated the increasing prevalence of P.1 and P.2 lineages in the period evaluated. P.2 lineage was first detected in the middle of 2020, but a high increase occurred only in the last trimester of this same year and the spreading to all Brazilian regions. P.1 lineage emerged even later, first in the North region in December 2020 and really fast dissemination to all other Brazilian regions in January and February 2021. All SARS‐CoV‐2 WGSs of P.1 and P.2 were further separately evaluated with a Bayesian approach. The rates of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were statistically higher in P.1 than P.2 (p < 0.01). The phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that P.2 gradually spread in all the country from September 2020 to January 2021, while P.1 disseminated even faster from December 2020 to February 2021. Skyline plots of both lineages demonstrated a slight rise in the spreading for P.2 and exponential growth for P.1. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that the P.1 (recently renamed as Gamma) and P.2 lineages have predominated in the second pandemic wave due to the very high spreading across all geographic regions in Brazil at the end of 2020 and beginning of 2021.
Changes in compound hot and dry day and population exposure across China under climate change
Authors: Feng Yao , Sun Fubao , Liu Wenbin , Chen Jie , Wang Hong , Guo Qiang , Wang Yang , Zhang Qiang , Sang Yan‐Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHot and dry extremes have co‐occurred with global warming, causing worse threats than single climate extremes. We analyse the compound hot and dry day (CHDD) and population exposure (Epop) across China based on observations and 11 global climate models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. The bias‐corrected GCMs, particularly the two‐stage multivariate quantile mapping‐corrected ones, perform better than the raw ones in catching changes in CHDD but they all overestimate CHDD and Epop. More CHDDs occur in the southeast (SE), north (NC) and northwest (NW) China with increasing trends over regions stretching from the northeast (NE) to southwest (SW) China. Despite the declined CHDD, historical Epop has generally increased by the increased population. Future projections in the SSP5‐8.5 experiment indicate an overall increase of CHDD and Epop at 1.5°C warming and an increasing Epop to dangerous CHDD at 2°C warming. SW, NE and the Tibetan Plateau need effective measures of adaptation to reduce sufferings from CHDD under climate change.
Characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with partial laryngectomy
Authors: Nguyen Duc Trung , Faron Patrick , Tran Tan Dai , Nguyen Thi Phi Linh , Gallet Patrice , Toussaint Bruno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe impacts of partial laryngectomy on sleep‐disordered breathing were rarely investigated and reported in a limited number of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in patients with partial laryngectomy.Study designCase series.MethodsAll patients undergoing partial laryngectomy by open approach (frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy and supracricoid horizontal partial laryngectomy) for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx between January 2006 and December 2019 were enrolled. Listed patients were contacted via telephone to propose participating in the study and plan a sleep study: self‐assessments of sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) following a home sleep recording using respiratory polygraphy. Daytime sleepiness was also self‐assessed by using the Epworth sleepiness scale.ResultsTwenty patients with sleep record were included to the analyses. There were 11/20 patients (55%) diagnosed with moderate to severe OSASH. No relationship between OSAHS severity and age as well as body mass index (BMI) was observed. The Epworth sleepiness score was not necessarily high in patients with moderate/severe OSASH. Type of partial laryngectomy did not influence apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) results. There was no difference in terms of age, BMI, gender, type of partial laryngectomy, and the presence of adjuvant radiotherapy between two groups AHI < 15/h and AHI ≥ 15/h.ConclusionA sleep study screening for OSAHS should be considered in patients with partial laryngectomy in order to improve their sleep quality and quality of life even though they did not exhibit daily sleepiness and obesity.
Recruitment Bottlenecks for Age-0 Walleye in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: C. Gostiaux Jason , Boehm Hadley I. A. , Jaksha Nathan J. , Dembkowski Daniel J. , Hennessy Joseph M. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Some northern Wisconsin lakes have shown declines in catches of age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus in standardized fall electrofishing sampling, suggesting that recruitment bottlenecks are occurring in the first several months of life. In 2016 and 2017, we sampled six lakes with declining trends in natural Walleye recruitment (D-NR lakes) and seven lakes with a history of sustained natural recruitment (S-NR lakes) to determine if timing of potential recruitment bottlenecks for age-0 Walleye were consistent among D-NR lakes and if abiotic and biotic metrics differed between D-NR and S-NR lakes. We also examined diets of larval Walleye to assess prey items that may be important to early growth and survival and to determine if occurrence of piscivory was related to larval Walleye total length. Differential patterns in the presence and absence of age-0 Walleye at different life history stages in the first 6 months of life suggested that recruitment bottlenecks in D-NR lakes were consistently occurring before mid-July (five of six lakes). Mean Secchi depth, surface conductivity, abundance of larval Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, and most metrics of zooplankton abundance and mean size were similar between D-NR and S-NR lakes. Log10 transformed number of adult Walleye per hectare was lower and adult mean total length was higher in D-NR lakes. Across all lakes, diets of larval Walleye consisted of zooplankton and larval fish and the occurrence of piscivory was higher than reported in previous studies and was positively related to total length of larval Walleye. Causes of recruitment bottlenecks in D-NR lakes remain unclear, making it difficult to identify management actions that might be implemented to circumvent these bottlenecks. However, our results indicate that future research should focus on the period between egg deposition and mid-July.
Optimizing anticoagulation for patients receiving Impella support
Authors: Beavers Craig J. , DiDomenico Robert J. , Dunn Steven P. , Cox Jenna , To Long , Weeks Phillip , Trujillo Toby C. , Jennings Douglas L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnticoagulation of patients treated with the Impella percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices is complex and lacks consistency across centers, potentially increasing the risk of complications. In order to optimize safety and efficacy, an expert committee synthesized all available evidence evaluating anticoagulation for patients receiving Impella support in order to provide consensus recommendations for the management of anticoagulation with these devices. The evidence synthesis led to the creation of 42 recommendations to improve anticoagulation management related to the use of the Impella devices. Recommendations address purge solution management, intravenous anticoagulation, monitoring, evaluation and management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and management during combination MCS support. The use of a heparinized, dextrose‐containing purge solution is critical for optimal device function, and a bicarbonate‐based purge solution may be an alternative in certain situations. Likewise, intravenous (ie, systemic) anticoagulation with heparin is often necessary, although evidence supporting the optimal assay and target range for monitoring the level of anticoagulation is generally lacking. Patients treated with an Impella MCS device may develop HIT, which is more difficult to evaluate and treat in this setting. Lastly, the use of Impella with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or for biventricular support creates additional anticoagulation challenges.
A screening tool to identify risk for bronchiectasis progression in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Caudri Daan , Turkovic Lidija , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Rosenow Tim , Murray Conor P. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Ranganathan Sarath C. , Sly Peter , Stick Stephen M. , Breuer Oded ,   The AREST CF Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe marked heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis (CF) disease complicates the selection of those most likely to benefit from existing or emergent treatments.ObjectiveWe aimed to predict the progression of bronchiectasis in preschool children with CF.MethodsUsing data collected up to 3 years of age, in the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for CF cohort study, clinical information, chest computed tomography (CT) scores, and biomarkers from bronchoalveolar lavage were assessed in a multivariable linear regression model as predictors for CT bronchiectasis at age 5–6.ResultsFollow‐up at 5–6 years was available in 171 children. Bronchiectasis prevalence at 5–6 was 134/171 (78%) and median bronchiectasis score was 3 (range 0–12). The internally validated multivariate model retained eight independent predictors accounting for 37% (adjusted R2) of the variance in bronchiectasis score. The strongest predictors of future bronchiectasis were: pancreatic insufficiency, repeated intravenous treatment courses, recurrent lower respiratory infections in the first 3 years of life, and lower airway inflammation. Dichotomizing the resulting prediction score at a bronchiectasis score of above the median resulted in a diagnostic odds ratio of 13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3–27) with positive and negative predictive values of 80% (95% CI, 72%–86%) and 77% (95% CI, 69%–83%), respectively.ConclusionEarly assessment of bronchiectasis risk in children with CF is feasible with reasonable precision at a group level, which can assist in high‐risk patient selection for interventional trials. The unexplained variability in disease progression at individual patient levels remains high, limiting the use of this model as a clinical prediction tool.
Population structure and pattern of geographic differentiation ofColorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) inTurkey
Authors: Özkan Koca Ayça , Berkcan Salih B , Laçın Alas Burcu , Kandemir İrfan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most harmful pest of potato in potato cultivation regions globally. Although it is an economically important agricultural pest, the population structure and colonization route of this species in Turkey are uncertain. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to obtain information about the population source, structure and bio‐invasion route of CPB populations in Turkey.RESULTSThe common single mtDNA haplotype in European CPB populations was obtained in all Turkish CPB populations based on mtDNA data analysis. However, microsatellites revealed a low level of genetic variation in CPB populations. The results of microsatellite analysis [factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), Bayesian analysis of genetic population structure (BAPS), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, F‐statistics and Nei's distances] indicated three groups for invasive CPB: Thrace‐Marmara and Aegean; Black Sea, Central Anatolia and Mediterranean; Northeastern Anatolia. Region‐specific alleles have been identified in regions, where commercial potato cultivation and insecticide use are intensive.CONCLUSIONThe detection of a single fixed European haplotype in all Turkish populations has proved that CPB in Turkey originated from Europe as a result of a founder event occurred in European populations. Low genetic variation was due to the short time period since the spread of CPB from America to Europe. The highest number of private alleles were found in the top commercial potato cultivation region‐Central Anatolia from where the CPB populations spread to other parts of Turkey. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Synthesis of Protein‐Encapsulated Ceria Nanorods for Visible‐Light Driven Hydrogen Production and Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Saif Bassam , Gu Quan , Yang Peng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract1D rare earth‐based nanomaterials have attracted signiﬁcant attention due to their excellent photo/electro‐catalytic performance. The corresponding challenge is how to synthesize shape and size‐controlled nanostructures in an easy scale‐up way. Herein, the authors present a facile one‐step strategy to design 1D multifunctional protein‐encapsulated cerium oxide nanorods (PCNRs) by utilizing bovine serum albumin as an efficient biotemplate. Remarkably, the PCNRs exhibit high chemical and interfacial adhesion stability with intriguing properties, resulting in an exceptionally high activity towards H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. The photocatalytic activity of PCNRs to produce H2 is about 10 times higher than conventional CeO2 nanorods. The incorporation of rhodamine B into the PCNRs brings unprecedentedly high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate being 123 times higher than that of conventional CeO2 nanorods. Further the presence of the –NH2 groups on the PCNRs facilitated the adsorption and activation of CO2 and eﬃciently suppressed the proton reduction, and as a result, the PCNRs photocatalyst is highly active in converting CO2 to CO and CH4, with the evolution rates being 50 and 83 times higher than those of conventional CeO2 nanorods, respectively. Achieving such efficient photocatalyst is a critical step toward practical production of high‐value renewable fuels using solar energy.
Genetic dissection of seasonal vegetation index dynamics in maize through aerial based high‐throughput phenotyping
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Li Xianran , Guo Tingting , Dzievit Matthew J. , Yu Xiaoqing , Liu Peng , Price Kevin P. , Yu Jianming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlant phenotyping under field conditions plays an important role in agricultural research. Efficient and accurate high‐throughput phenotyping strategies enable a better connection between genotype and phenotype. Unmanned aerial vehicle‐based high‐throughput phenotyping platforms (UAV‐HTPPs) provide novel opportunities for large‐scale proximal measurement of plant traits with high efficiency, high resolution, and low cost. The objective of this study was to use time series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) extracted from UAV‐based multispectral imagery to characterize its pattern across development and conduct genetic dissection of NDVI in a large maize population. The time series NDVI data from the multispectral sensor were obtained at five time points across the growing season for 1,752 diverse maize accessions with a UAV‐HTPP. Cluster analysis of the acquired measurements classified 1,752 maize accessions into two groups with distinct NDVI developmental trends. To capture the dynamics underlying these static observations, penalized‐splines (P‐splines) model was used to obtain genotype‐specific curve parameters. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using static NDVI values and curve parameters as phenotypic traits detected signals significantly associated with the traits. Additionally, GWAS using the projected NDVI values from the P‐splines models revealed the dynamic change of genetic effects, indicating the role of gene–environment interplay in controlling NDVI across the growing season. Our results demonstrated the utility of ultra‐high spatial resolution multispectral imagery, as that acquired using a UAV‐based remote sensing, for genetic dissection of NDVI.
Mobile Edge Caching
Authors: Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEdge caching is a key part of mobile edge computing. It not only can support the necessary task data for edge computing, but also enables powerful Internet of Things applications with massive amounts of data and various types of information in access networks. In this chapter, we present the architecture of the edge caching mechanism and introduce metrics for evaluating caching performance. We then discuss key issues in caching topology design, caching data scheduling, as well as caching server cooperation and present a case study of artificial intelligence–empowered edge caching.
Superconformal duality-invariant models and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM effective action
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 superconformal U(1) duality-invariant models for an Abelian vector multiplet coupled to conformal supergravity. In a Minkowski background, such a nonlinear theory is expected to describe (the planar part of) the low-energy effective action for the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on its Coulomb branch where (i) the gauge group SU(N) is spontaneously broken to SU(N −1) × U(1); and (ii) the dynamics is captured by a single$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 vector multiplet associated with the U(1) factor of the unbroken group. Additionally, a local U(1) duality-invariant action generating the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 super-Weyl anomaly is proposed. By providing a new derivation of the recently constructed U(1) duality-invariant$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 superconformal electrodynamics, we introduce its SL(2,ℝ) duality-invariant coupling to the dilaton-axion multiplet.
Searching for pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson dark matter production in association with top quarks
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Polesello Giacomo , Schulte Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons (pNGBs) are attractive dark matter (DM) candidates, since they couple to the Standard Model (SM) predominantly through derivative interactions. Thereby they naturally evade the strong existing limits inferred from DM direct detection experiments. Working in an effective field theory that includes both derivative and non-derivative DM-SM operators, we perform a detailed phenomenological study of the Large Hadron Collider reach for pNGB DM production in association with top quarks. Drawing on motivated benchmark scenarios as examples, we compare our results to other collider limits as well as the constraints imposed by DM (in) direct detection experiments and the relic abundance. We furthermore explore implications on the viable parameter space of pNGB DM. In particular, we demonstrate that DM direct detection experiments become sensitive to many pNGB DM realisations once loop-induced interactions are taken into account. The search strategies and pNGB DM benchmark models that we discuss can serve as a starting point for dedicated experimental analyses by the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations.
Sexual- und Verhütungsverhalten von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland. Aktuelle Ergebnisse der Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“
Authors: Scharmanski Sara , Heßling Angelika 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit 1980 führt die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) in regelmäßigen Abständen die Repräsentativbefragungen „Jugendsexualität“ durch. Dieses kontinuierliche Monitoring generiert Erkenntnisse zur sexuellen und reproduktiven Gesundheit von jungen Menschen in Deutschland, die eine wichtige Basis einer bedarfs- und zielgruppengerechten Entwicklung von Maßnahmen der Sexualaufklärung und Familienplanung darstellen.

Ziel
Das aktuelle Sexual- und Verhütungsverhalten von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen soll anhand erster deskriptiver Ergebnisse der 9. Trendwelle zusammenfassend dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden
An der Befragung nahmen insgesamt N = 6032 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene teil. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in 2019 als kombiniert mündlich-schriftliche Interviews (Computer-assisted Personal Interviewing, CAPI).

Ergebnisse
Ein zentraler Befund der vorliegenden Trendwelle ist, dass der Anteil an Jugendlichen, die beim ersten Geschlechtsverkehr jünger als 17 Jahre sind, seit einigen Jahren rückläufig ist. Zur Kontrazeption setzten Jugendliche am häufigsten das Kondom ein, die Nutzung der Pille ist im Trend deutlich rückläufig.

Diskussion
Die Daten der aktuellen Trendwelle weisen ein sicheres und verantwortungsbewusstes Verhütungsverhalten von jungen Menschen in Deutschland nach. Trotzdem gilt es, das Engagement im Bereich der sexuellen Gesundheitsförderung aufrechtzuerhalten und zielgruppenspezifische Präventionsmaßnahmen weiter auszubauen. Denn nur so kann die sexuelle und reproduktive Gesundheit der nachfolgenden Generation gewährleistet werden.
Exploring the hidden depth by confocal Raman experiments with variable objective aperture and magnification
Authors: Boldrini Barbara , Ostertag Edwin , Rebner Karsten , Oelkrug Dieter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article analyzes experimentally and theoretically the influence of microscope parameters on the pinhole-assisted Raman depth profiles in uniform and composite refractive media. The main objective is the reliable mapping of deep sample regions. The easiest to interpret results are found with low magnification, low aperture, and small pinholes. Here, the intensities and shapes of the Raman signals are independent of the location of the emitter relative to the sample surface. Theoretically, the results can be well described with a simple analytical equation containing the axial depth resolution of the microscope and the position of the emitter. The lower determinable object size is limited to 2–4 μm. If sub-micrometer resolution is desired, high magnification, mostly combined with high aperture, becomes necessary. The signal intensities and shapes depend now in refractive media on the position relative to the sample surface. This aspect is investigated on a number of uniform and stacked polymer layers, 2–160 μm thick, with the best available transparency. The experimental depth profiles are numerically fitted with excellent accuracy by inserting a Gaussian excitation beam of variable waist and fill fraction through the focusing lens area, and by treating the Raman emission with geometric optics as spontaneous isotropic process through the lens and the variable pinhole, respectively. The intersectional area of these two solid angles yields the leading factor in understanding confocal (pinhole-assisted) Raman depth profiles.
Graphical abstract