bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Playfulness and Anxiety as Motivators and Hindrances of SST Adoption: Commercial Banking Sector in Sri Lanka
Authors: Galdolage B. S. , Rasanjalee R. M. K. S. 
Published: December 2021

The swift growth of technological improvements has supported the continuing transformation of the service sector, in its conversion from conventional physical service encounters handled by service professionals into customer-controlled self-service technologies (SSTs). Even though prior research attempts have been made in assessing the acceptance of technology in general, the insufficient focus is placed on self-service technologies. Further, understanding the target customer is crucial with the fierce competition existing in the market sided with the development of technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate which elements comprise the customers’ technology playfulness and anxiety and how it influence the use of self-service technologies in the Sri Lankan commercial banking sector. The study undertook a qualitative approach with 50 semi-structured interviews from Western province banking customers who use SSTs utilizing a non-probabilistic purposeful sampling strategy. The data were analyzed using the technique of thematic analysis. The findings revealed “Enjoyment”, “Fun”, “Innovativeness”, “Entertaining”, “Creativity”, “Pleasure” and “Appealing features” as the seven themes of technology playfulness motivating the use of SSTs and “Transaction doubts”, “Elderly difficulties”, “Verification doubts” and “Security doubts” as the four themes of hindering factors towards the use of SSTs in the banking sector. The findings would contribute to the literature gap on the customer movement towards self-service technologies. Insights from the study would support the practitioners in understanding how to improve with the proper use of technology and delivery of self-service technologies in the commercial banking sector of Sri Lanka.
Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Diarrhoea in Children under Five Years Old in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Integrative Narrative Review
Authors: Kukeba Margaret Wekem , Lukman Salifu , Darcha Rosina , Doat Abdul-Razak 
Published: December 2021

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases constitute a significant burden on the health and growth of children the world over. Globally, diarrhoeal conditions remain the second leading cause of death among children under 5. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of caregivers are at the heart of diarrhoeal disease prevention and proper management.
Objective: This review aimed to assess caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diarrhoea in children under five years old in sub-Saharan Africa, as discussed in the literature.
Design: Integrative narrative review
Data Sources: The review saw an extensive search on two electronic databases. Search results were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the end of the screening, 37 studies were included in the review.
Review Methods: Inclusion criteria: Only studies whose focus was on caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practice relating to diarrhoea in children under five were included. Also, only publications reported in the English Language were considered, and publications must have been between 2010-2020. Additionally, the methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Down & Black (1998) checklist for quality evaluation in a systematic review.
Results: In this review, it emerged that studies in Sub-Saharan Africa indicate that caregivers display poor overall knowledge about diarrhoea. Also, the attitudes of caregivers towards diarrhoea prevention and treatment was low in many studies. On care practices, prevention practices, and management/treatment practices, including ORS and Zinc usage, were mainly reported to be quiet.
Conclusions: The review concluded that there are poor levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of managing diarrhoea among caregivers of children under five (5) years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The researchers recommended continuous health education to address knowledge gaps of mothers about diarrhoea, its prevention and treatment according to international standards.
Degenerative Disc Diseases: A Brief Review
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Abdulaziz G. , Alnaim Muna Faisal , Albawardi Sara Khalid , Alrabiah Nouf Mohammed , Aloulit Shoog Khalid , Alnafea Nouf Waleed , Boubshait Nadeen Abdullah , Alraihan Jawaher Ibrahim , Alshammari Yousef Salem , Albalawi Abdulrahim Oudah , Alanazi Saif Marzouq 
Published: December 2021

Back pain of different etiology is a common encountered symptoms in daily practice. Several factors were associated with the development of degenerative disease (DDD) of the intervertebral disc (IVD).
The intervertebral disc, usually asymptomatic but once became symptomatic it will be presented as a low back pain with is consider the main complain among the patient with IVD. Both genetic as well as environmental factors lead to progressive redaction in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition which resulted overtime in weak IVD. Clinically back pain divided into two main categories: Inflammatory versus mechanical back pain, DDD typically present with mechanical type lower back pain.
In patient with compatible history and physical exam findings, diagnosis of DDD can be confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or provocative discography.
The DDD can be manage with several treatment strategies such as conservative therapy which aim to relief the pain, on the other hand, surgical approach which aim to definitely treat the DDD. The current study aims to provide a brief review about degenerative disc diseases.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Peptide and Protein Analysis
Authors: Shen Tun‐Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) is one of the most powerful tools in peptide and protein analysis today. The success of HPLC‐MS has resulted from the advancements in both liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry instrumentation, and new methodologies in data acquisition, data analysis algorithms, and computational methods. To meet the demand for greater analytical depth, sensitivity, and higher throughput capabilities, liquid chromatography has seen the adoption of HPLC and then the transition to ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), decreasing particle size to sub‐2 μm, and the availability of a wide range of stationary phases, including reversed‐phase, ion exchange, hydrophilic interaction, and size exclusion. The advances in soft ionization in mass spectrometry, in particular, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)1and electrospray ionization (ESI),2 have transformed biomolecule mass spectrometry. ESI operates with a continuous flow, is an ideal interface to couple HPLC to mass spectrometry. A wide range of mass‐spectrometry instrumentations have emerged, one of the most significant among them is the advent of high‐resolution mass spectrometers, particularly the quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) and orbitrap mass spectrometers. The HPLC‐MS analytical platform has been applied in many areas of peptide and protein analyses, including natural and synthetic peptides, protein posttranslational modifications, and antibodies. As a result of genome projects in the 1990s, there is an increasing need to develop analytical tools for proteomics. The combination of nano LC, tandem mass spectrometry, and database searching has become a standard analytical platform for large‐scale high‐throughput protein identification.3Many biological problems increasingly require the quantification of proteins. The techniques used for small molecules, such as stable isotope labeling, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, and selected reaction monitoring are now part of the repertoire for absolute quantitation of proteins.
Gas Chromatography in Analysis of Polymers and Rubbers
Authors: Hakkarainen Minna , Karlsson Sigbritt 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article gives an overview of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) of low molar mass compounds present in or migrating from polymers and rubbers. GC is a powerful tool for the analysis of volatile and semi‐volatile organic compounds. The capability of GC to separate and quantify small amounts of analytes makes it highly applicable for the analysis of low molar mass compounds in polymers, such as residual monomers, initiators, catalysts, additives, and degradation products. Correctly chosen and performed sample preparation is a key step before GC‐MS analysis and crucial for obtaining correct results. This can be especially challenging when analyzing low molar mass compounds in solid matrices or in complex aqueous solutions. Some commonly applied extraction techniques are shortly presented including extraction techniques that can be utilized for extraction of low molar mass compounds from solid and aqueous matrices as well as air. Last but not least, examples of extraction and analysis of low molar mass compounds present in, formed in, or migrating from different polymeric materials during processing, service‐life, or reprocessing (recycling) are given with special focus on packaging and medical applications as well as degradable polymers.
Statius, Publius Papinius
Authors: Cowan Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Statius was a Flavian poet from Naples who wrote primarily under Domitian. His two epic poems are the
Thebaid
, about the Seven Against Thebes, and the unfinished
Achilleid
, about young Achilles hiding on Skyros. Five books of
Silvae
contain diverse “occasional” poems addressed to various patrons that describe buildings and works of art, celebrate special occasions, and console the bereaved.
Aizanoi
Authors: Hülden Oliver 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aizanoi is an ancient city in western Phrygia, the remains of which date mainly from the Hellenistic and Roman imperial periods. The most prominent building is the temple of Zeus built under the reign of Emperor Domitian. The combination of theater and stadium from the first century
ce
is also extraordinary, as is the natural sanctuary for the goddess Meter Steunene.
Isola Sacra
Authors: Prowse Tracy L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Isola Sacra is the name of an artificial island located approximately 20 km southwest of Rome, Italy, between the port cities of Ostia and
Portus Romae
. The island was created during the construction of the
Fossa Traiana
in the mid‐first century
ce
to connect the city of Rome to Portus along the coast via the Tiber River. Isola Sacra is best known for the monumental Roman tombs that line traces of the
Via Flavia
between Portus and Ostia.
Iceni
Authors: Owens Edwin J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The Iceni were a prosperous British tribe, occupying Norfolk and parts of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in eastern Britain. The Iceni became allies of the Romans, but on two occasions they revolted. Boudica led the second rebellion. After it was suppressed, the tribe developed as a local, self‐governing community (
civitas
) within the Roman province of Britain.
Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)
Authors: Imrie Alex 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Caracalla (188–217
ce
) was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and was the second emperor of the Severan dynasty. He is arguably best known for his infamous assassination of his younger brother, Geta, after which he ruled the empire alone (211–17). While undoubtedly marked by violence and cruelty, Caracalla's reign also saw important constitutional change, such as the extension of Roman citizenship across nearly all free inhabitants of the empire.
Technical evaluation of the cone‐beam computed tomography imaging performance of a novel, mobile, gantry‐based X‐ray system for brachytherapy
Authors: Karius Andre , Karolczak Marek , Strnad Vratislav , Bert Christoph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeA novel, mobile cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) system for image‐guided adaptive brachytherapy was recently deployed at our hospital as worldwide first site. Prior to the device's clinical operation, a profound characterization of its imaging performance was conducted. This was essential to optimize both the imaging workflow and image quality for achieving the best possible clinical outcomes. We present the results of our investigations.MethodsThe novel CBCT‐system features a ring gantry with 121 cm clearance as well as a 43.2 × 43.2 cm2 flat‐panel detector, and is controlled via a tablet‐personal computer (PC). For evaluating its imaging performance, the geometric reproducibility as well as imaging fidelity, computed tomography (CT)‐number accuracy, uniformity, contrast‐noise‐ratio (CNR), noise characteristics, and spatial resolution as fundamental image quality parameters were assessed. As dose metric the weighted cone‐beam dose index (CBDIw) was measured. Image quality was evaluated using standard quality assurance (QA) as well as anthropomorphic upper torso and breast phantoms. Both in‐house and manufacturer protocols for abdomen, pelvis, and breast imaging were examined.ResultsUsing the in‐house protocols, the QA phantom scans showed altogether a high image quality, with high CT‐number accuracy (R2 > 0.97) and uniformity (<12 Hounsfield Unit (HU) cupping), reasonable noise and imaging fidelity, and good CNR at bone–tissue transitions of up to 28:1. Spatial resolution was strongly limited by geometric instabilities of the device. The breast phantom scans fulfilled clinical requirements, whereas the abdomen and pelvis scans showed severe artifacts, particularly at air/bone–tissue transitions.ConclusionWith the novel CBCT‐system, achieving a high image quality appears possible in principle. However, adaptations of the standard protocols, performance enhancements in image reconstruction referring to artifact reductions, as well as the extinction of geometric instabilities are imperative.
Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Compatible 2D Layered Film‐Based Gas Sensors by Floating‐Gate Coupling Effect
Authors: Tan Po‐Hung , Hsu Che‐Hao , Shen Ying‐Chun , Wang Chien‐Ping , Liou Kun‐Lin , Shih Jiaw‐Ren , Lin Chrong Jung , Lee Ling , Wang Kuangye , Wu Hong‐Min , Chiang Tsung‐Yu , Chih Yue‐Der , Chang Jonathan , King Ya‐Chin , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 2D SnSe2 layered film‐based gas detector incorporating a floating‐gate device coupled with metal interconnect wiring structures is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. Linear amplification can be readily implemented using a coupling ratio design, which refers to the capacitance ratio between the gate and device in the sense amplifier circuits. A sensitivity of 102 mV ppm−1 can be obtained using the 2D SnSe2 layered film with a thickness of 10 nm. The 2D SnSe2 layered film‐based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) gas detector features highly sensitive, wide, and adjustable dynamic ranges with a real‐time response of the sub‐ppm detection limit on NO2 gas. In addition, the synthesis process of the SnSe2 layered film can occur at a low temperature and be operated at room temperature. Furthermore, 3 × 3 gas detector arrays with peripheral circuits demonstrate the functionality of multiple gas detection simultaneously and 16 × 16 arrays with a decoder and other peripheral circuits are constructed and simulated, providing the spatial distribution of the gas concentration in a specific region. The performance of the proposed detector is comparable to that of the other state‐of‐the‐art gas sensors.
Identification of Cyclopropane Formation in the Biosyntheses of Hormaomycins and Belactosins: Sequential Nitration and Cyclopropanation by Metalloenzymes
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Shimaya Ryo , Dairi Tohru , Chang Wei‐chen , Ogasawara Yasushi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHormaomycins and belactosins are peptide natural products that contain unusual cyclopropane moieties. Bioinformatics analysis of the corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters showed that two conserved genes,hrmI/belKandhrmJ/belL, were potential candidates for catalyzing cyclopropanation. Using in vivo and in vitro assays, the functions of HrmI/BelK and HrmJ/BelL were established. HrmI and BelK, which are heme oxygenase‐like dinuclear iron enzymes, catalyze oxidation of the ϵ‐amino group ofl‐lysine to affordl‐6‐nitronorleucine. Subsequently, HrmJ and BelL, which are iron‐ and α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases, effectively convertl‐6‐nitronorleucine into 3‐(trans‐2‐nitrocyclopropyl)‐alanine through C4−C6 bond installation. These observations disclose a novel pathway of cyclopropane ring construction and exemplify the new chemistry involving metalloenzymes in natural product biosynthesis.
Catalytic Asymmetric Homologation of 4‐Substituted Cyclohexanones with CF3CHN2: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl Cycloheptanones
Authors: Li Shu‐Sen , Sun Shuo , Wang Jianbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction of the trifluoromethyl group (CF3) into organic molecules in an enantioselective manner has attracted significant attention, but still remains a challenging problem. We herein report a catalytic asymmetric trifluoromethylation of cyclic ketones via a ScIII/chiral bisoxazoline‐catalyzed homologation reaction by employing 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2) as the CF3 source. This desymmetrization process is highly efficient and generates two chiral centers with excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity, affording chiral α‐trifluoromethyl cyclic ketones in a straightforward manner.
Profiling acidic metabolites by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry in low numbers of mammalian cells using a novel chemical derivatization approach
Authors: van Mever Marlien , Willacey Cornelius C. W. , Zhang Wei , Drouin Nicolas , Christina Alphert E. , Lindenburg Peter W. , van Veldhoven Jaco P. D. , van der Es Daan , Harms Amy C. , Hankemeier Thomas , Ramautar Rawi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe simultaneous analysis of a broad range of polar ionogenic metabolites using capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) can be challenging, as two different analytical methods are often required, that is, one for cations and one for anions. Even though CE‐MS has shown to be an effective method for cationic metabolite profiling, the analysis of small anionic metabolites often results in relatively low sensitivity and poor repeatability. In this work, a novel derivatization strategy based on trimethylmethaneaminophenacetyl bromide was developed to enable CE‐MS analysis of carboxylic acid metabolites using normal CE polarity (i.e., cathode in the outlet) and detection by mass spectrometry in positive ionization mode. Optimization of derivatization conditions was performed using a response surface methodology after which the optimized method (incubation time 50 min, temperature 90°C, and pH 10) was used for the analysis of carboxylic acid metabolites in extracts from HepG2 cells. For selected metabolites, detection limits were down to 8.2 nM, and intraday relative standard deviation values for replicates (n = 3) for peak areas were below 21.5%. Metabolites related to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and anaerobic respiration pathways were quantified in 250,000 cell lysates, and could still be detected in extracts from only 25,000 HepG2 cell lysates (∼70 cell lysates injected).
Thin‐film hydrogel polymer layered polyvinyltrimethylsilane dual‐layer flat‐bed composite membrane for CO2 gas separation
Authors: Kunalan Shankar , Palanivelu Kandasamy , Sachin Eledathu Kuriachan , Syrtsova Daria Aleksandrovna , Teplyakov Vladimir Vasilievich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe gas transport property of the hydrogel chitosan (CS) and the CS‐polyethylene glycol (CS+PEG) polymer blend surface‐modified polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS) composite membranes have been evaluated for pure CO2, N2, and CH4 gases. The physic‐chemical characteristics and the surface morphological features of the prepared pure and the composite PVTMS membranes were interrogated with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, high‐resolution scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter. Effect of water wetting of the membrane, number of sequential coating, and the transmembrane pressure on the gas transport properties of the pure and composite PVTMS membranes was concurrently studied. The acceptable CO2 permeability of 153 barrer and the gas‐pair CO2/N2 selectivity of 33 and the CO2/CH4 selectivity of 23 were obtained for the CS+PEG‐modified PVTMS membrane under the optimum conditions, that is, transmembrane pressure of 76 cmHg and the reaction temperature of 30°C. The CO2 separation performance of the modified PVTMS composite membrane against the N2 and the CH4 gases moved close to Robeson's upper bound 2008. Enhancement in the CO2 separation efficacy of the modified PVTMS membrane than the pure PVTMS membrane has proved good efficiency of the modified membrane towards CO2 capture application.
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Investigative interviewing: A systematic review highlighting clinical and legal implications and recommendations
Authors: Gilbert David J. , Allely Clare S. , Mukherjee Raja A. S. , Cook Penny A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndividuals with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are estimated to be 19 times more likely to encounter the criminal justice system (CJS) in comparison to individuals without FASD. During encounters with the CJS, investigative interviews are employed to obtain accurate information from suspects, victims or witnesses of crime. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines was performed to identify empirical studies published that have explored the questioning of the FASD population within the CJS and the vulnerabilities of FASD‐impacted individuals during investigative interviewing. A total of 383 studies were identified from the databases searched and 7 further studies were identified from Google Scholar. After deduplication, abstract and title screening, the full text of 23 studies were assessed for inclusion and 5 were included in the narrative synthesis of results. Two papers were empirical studies focussed on the performance of FASD‐impacted individuals during investigative interviewing. Whilst the first study found the FASD population susceptible to suggestions, the second (a case study), identified the ploys employed during investigative interviewing to obtain a confession. Three papers studied the wider vulnerabilities of FASD‐impacted individuals and found diminished psycho‐legal abilities, increased risk of recidivism and biological, psychological and social factors that render FASD‐impacted individuals vulnerable to CJS encounters. Despite the greater likelihood of CJS encounters, the result of this review highlights the slim evidence base useful to establish the vulnerabilities of FASD‐impacted individuals within the CJS.
Pd(II)‐Mediated C−H Activation for Cysteine Bioconjugation
Authors: Tilden James A. R. , Lubben Anneke T. , Reeksting Shaun B. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Frost Christopher G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelective bioconjugation remains a significant challenge for the synthetic chemist due to the stringent reaction conditions required by biomolecules coupled with their high degree of functionality. The current trailblazer of transition‐metal mediated bioconjugation chemistry involves the use of Pd(II) complexes prepared via an oxidative addition process. Herein, the preparation of Pd(II) complexes for cysteine bioconjugation via a facile C−H activation process is reported. These complexes show bioconjugation efficiency competitive with what is seen in the current literature, with a user‐friendly synthesis, common Pd(II) sources, and a more cost‐effective ligand. Furthermore, these complexes need not be isolated, and still achieve high conversion efficiency and selectivity of a model peptide. These complexes also demonstrate the ability to selectively arylate a single surface cysteine residue on a model protein substrate, further demonstrating their utility.