bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of High-Risk Pregnancy and Intensive Care of the Neonate, ed. 2, by S. Gorham Babson, M.D. and Ralph C. Benson, M.D., St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1971, 313 pp., $16.50
Authors: Gluck Louis 
Published: December 2021

The authors have prepared a timely and up-to-date treatise on two major but interdigitating areas in medicine as their title suggests and have done a thorough but concise and work-man-like job of presenting the material in out-line form.
Frequently outline books are either too sketchy or they are so concise that they are of little value.
Thrombocytopenia as Evidence of Local Thrombus: The Umbilical Arterial Catheter
Authors: Nachman Richard L. , Thomas Mary , Patel Deksha , Gottbrath Emalee 
Published: December 2021

A recent nursery experience seems to corroborate and amplify the findings of Neal et al. concerning the thrombogenic properties of the indwelling catheter.
On July 5, 1972, a 600-gm, 24-week AGA female was born. A No. 3.5 French Argyle catheter was inserted into an umbilical artery with the tip resting at the level of the diaphragm. A 10% dextrose water solution free of heparin but containing small amounts of sodium bicarbonate was infused for two days.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review
Authors: Schaller Jane , Wedgwood Ralph J. 
Published: December 2021

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a disease of varying clinical manifestations, although all patients share the common property of arthritis. In following 124 children with JRA at a children's arthritis clinic (mean disease duration, 7.5 years), it was apparent that there were three distinct subgroups of disease distinguished by their clinical manifestations, prognosis for joint disability, types of extra-articular complications, and serologic findings.
Systemic disease, characterized by high intermittent fevers and rheumatoid rash as well as other systemic manifestations, occurred in 32 of 124 patients (26%). All patients also had polyarthritis, generally beginning during the first six months of disease. More boys (18) than girls (14) were affected. No patient had iridocyclitis or positive tests for antinuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factor. Systemic symptoms alone were not a cause of permanent morbidity, but eight of 32 patients have incurred severe joint disability.
Polyarticular disease unassociated with prominent systemic disease occurred in 46 of 124 patients (37%), predominantly girls (38 girls, eight boys). Multiple joints were involved, characteristically including small hand joints. Ten patients had antinuclear antibodies; six had positive latex agglutination tests for rheumatoid factor. Eight of 46 had severe joint disability.
Persistent pauciarticular disease, characterized by arthritis limited to five or fewer joints, occurred in 46 of 124 patients (37%), predominantly girls (34 girls, 12 boys). Large joints were chiefly affected (knees, ankles, elbows); small hand joints were spared. Nine of 46 patients had antinuclear antibodies. No patient has had severe joint disability, but 12 of 46 have had iridocyclitis and ten have suffered some degree of permanent visual damage.
Recognition of these disease patterns is useful in the diagnosis and care of children with JRA. Furthermore, these observations suggest that what we now call JRA may in fact be more than a single disease.
Reading Disabilities, Continued
Authors: Svoboda William B. 
Published: December 2021

I have reviewed with concerned interest the article by Kenny et al. and the letters in response. I feel that though the primary remediative responsibilities should fall within educational facilities, the identification of the learning-handicapped individual in need of further investigation and the monitoring of the adequacy of response to remediative therapy is the responsibility of all involved in working with children . . . medical, psychologic, and educational disciplines.
The data given are superficial in content and give no specifics as to the testing techniques, the historical data sought, the neurophysical examination details, nor the specific referring complaints.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Cohen Matthew 
Published: December 2021

I wish to thank Dr. Todd for his pertinent remarks. Accuracy in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections is an important problem.
We have attempted to keep the number of false-positive urine infections in our study to a minimum. To be certain of the reliability of our urine collection techniques, at the start of our study, clean voided midstream (CVMS) urine cultures were obtained in 167 patients who were well and were being seen for a routine physical exam.
THE CHILD HEALTH ASSOCIATE—WHAT'S IN A NAME?
Authors: Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

"Physicians' Assistant," "Medex," "Limited Physician," "Feldsher," "Officier de Santé," "Behadar," "Hakim"—there are at least 19 different terms for the same job according to a recent WHO questionnaire.1 Now that six of the first nine graduates of Dr. Silver's program are at work2,3 the term Child Health Associate can be added to the glossary. Previously, perhaps in jest, Dr. Silver had proposed still other titles: the "Syniatrist Associate" and the "Syniatrist Assistant."4 Dr. R. A. Smith, the promoter of Medex, has proposed still another list: "Flexner," "Kruser" and "Osler," to name a few.5 It is possible that before too long the American language alone will have produced more than the 19 terms, unearthed in the recent world survey, as well as a few trainees to match each term.
All this semantic confusion does not even take into consideration newly coined terms that involve nursing: "Nurse Practitioner," "Nurse Associate," "Primex," etc. In spite of Dr. Silver's assertion to the contrary, and in spite of efforts by nursing leaders to preserve a nursing "identity,"6 it is very difficult to differentiate between job descriptions of the "Pediatric Nurse Associate" and the "Child Health Associate."
Nevertheless, neither jest nor a dissection of the research "evidence" from Colorado will serve to dismiss Dr. Silver's advocacy and Dr. Greeb's testimonial.7 Dr. Ross' frank and thoughtful reflections add weight to the charge to consider their implications seriously.8 The fact is that, whether we like it or not, a very substantial effort is now underway in the United States to train "physician extenders" or personnel with primary caretaking responsibilities that ten years ago would have been considered physician responsibilities.
TRANSRACIAL ADOPTION
Authors: Feiertag Richard B. , Daniel William A. , Earlywine Josephine L. , Lewis Donald , Seidel Henry M. , Sherry S. Norman , Tillman Mary A. T. , Work Henry H. 
Published: December 2021

Transracial adoption must allow the child a chance to grow up confident that, though he was not born into this family and may have external features that are different– as well as a different cultural heritage– he is loved and accepted for what he is, an individual.
In our haste to get black children out of institutions and into adoptive homes, we must not lose sight of the primary goal of any adoption–the welfare of the child. This goal must receive the highest priority. Placement must be made to provide the child with an opportunity to grow up in a wholesome family setting that will offer the affection, security, and understanding needed for his best development. Unless we adhere to this goal, rather than to a social, humanitarian, psychologic, or other egostrengthening motive of the parents, the child will surely be sacrificed to the popular movement of his day.
DEATH: A CONCEPT IN TRANSITION
Authors: Delmonico Francis L. , Randolph Judson G. 
Published: December 2021

The concept has been put forth that "brain death" constitutes the true death of the patient, regardless of supported cardiorespiratory function. This premise has not been uniformly accepted by the medical profession or the laity.
The study presented evaluates opinions of 100 lay persons and 100 physicians as to their concept of death. In addition, a group of 70 freshman medical students were interviewed representing the transition from the lay to the medical orientation.
Forty-six percent of the physicians, forty-two percent of the freshman medical students and sixty percent of the lay people did not consider brain death an adequate definition of cessation of life. It would appear that the classic concept of death is ingrained in the majority of the laity as well as a sizable percentage of the medical profession. This has important connotations for the field of organ transplantation and for individual situations which evoke crucial decisions about the cessation of artificial support of individuals in various clinical states.
It is important that the medical profession as a whole assess the facts and standards which have been recommended from reliable sources on the subject of irrevocable death, so that some unification of thought will be realized. Only then can public education proceed, minimizing confusion, doubt, and misplaced hope.
HOW YELLOWNESS OR JAUNDICE WAS TREATED IN 1764
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. John Theobald in his book entitled The Young Wife's Guide in the Management of Her Children, published in London in 1764, and compiled at the command of His Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland, had this to say about the treatment of jaundice in children:
Many children are afflicted with this disorder, soon after birth, and some are born extremely yellow, when the mother has had the jaundice during her pregnancy: if the child is costive, once in two or three days, give it a little syrup of rhubarb, sufficient to purge it once, or twice, and on the intermediate days, give it night and morning the following powder in a spoonful of its mothers or nurses milk. Take bezoar mineral, and saffron, each one grain; powder of red coral three grains, mix them together for one dose. The nurse must be sure not to neglect this distemper, for if proper care is not taken, the child will fall into the watery gripes, which commonly carries it off.1
Letters to the Editor
Authors: S. C. A. 
Published: December 2021

We cast a rather wide net for fillers and might well have included the prayer by Hutchison (not Hutchinson) among them. Your introduction of it here may draw wider attention to it than its appearance in Pediatrics, 43:127.
But to see the Hutchison words as a defense of good comprehensive care in pediatrics seems to us as indefensible as to regard the Dornhorst and Hunter quotation as an attack upon it. And would you not prefer "the man who knows most about so-and-so" if that illness were life-threatening, and in your family?
Gonorrheal Infection and Diagnostic Procedures: A Response to the Statement of the Committee on Youth
Authors: Ris Hania W. 
Published: December 2021

The report of the Academy's Committee on Youth on "Venereal Disease and the Adolescent," in your September issue1 is most timely.
I would like to comment on the diagnosis of gonorrhea. While the cervix is considered the best site for culture of N. gonorrhoeae, our recent study2 of 1,899 girls yielded positive cultures in 213; 94.2% of these were from the vagina, while subsequent cervical cultures revealed only an additional 13 (5.8%) positive cases. Lucas et al3 found only a similar minor difference, with 92.4% of cervical and 89.5% of vaginal cultures positive in the same patient.
Infantile Hiatal Hernia in North America and Europe
Authors: Riggs Webster , Guttman Frank 
Published: December 2021

In discussing the causes of the difference in the incidence of infantile hiatal hernia between North America and Europe,1 it interests me that the author gives only slight and indirect mention to what I think is the most important variable–the role of the radiologist. It is he alone who makes the diagnosis, based largely on fluoroscopic findings.
Nothing in radiology is so complex and controversial as is the radiologic diagnosis of hiatal hernia. I have personally observed that European pediatric radiologists are more liberal with this diagnosis, describing small hiatal hernias that most American pediatric radiologists would call chalasia, or within normal limits.
PERSISTENCE OF IMMUNITY FOLLOWING MONOVALENT AND COMBINED LIVE MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VIRUS VACCINES
Authors: Weibel Robert E. , Buynak Eugene B. , Stokes Joseph , Hilleman Maurice R. 
Published: December 2021

Neutralizing antibody following Jeryl Lynn mumps virus vaccine persisted for at least six years after vaccination without substantial decline in titer, and protective immunity was solidly retained through the sixth observation year. Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies following vaccination with Enders' original Edmonston and more attenuated Moraten and Schwarz lines measles vaccines were retained in comparable level through the fourth year.
Antibody following HPV-77 duck rubella vaccine was retained without important decline for at least 3½ years. The pattern for antibody persistence following combined measles-mumps-rubella and mumps-rubella vaccine measured at three years and for measles-rubella vaccine measured at two years was the same as for the monovalent vaccines indicating no alteration in the retention of immunity. None of the children in this study lost his antibody completely. Subclinical reinfection evidenced by antibody increase was commonly seen in vaccinated persons.
EFFECT OF FEEDING ON SCREENING FOR PKU IN INFANTS
Authors: Dontanville Virginia K. , Cunningham George C. 
Published: December 2021

No relationship between the phenylalanine content of the feedings prior to the PKU screening test and a positive test result (≥4 mg/100 ml) could be demonstrated in a study of hospital records of 68 phenylketonuric, 14 atypical, and 26 hyperphenylalaninemic infants.
The mean age at testing was 62.8 hours. The median intake before testing was 383 mg of phenylalanine with a range of 0 in five cases to over 3,000 mg for two late tested infants. One quarter of the infants with positive tests had ingested less than 200 mg of phenylalanine, while only one of the 11 with negative tests had less than 200 mg. The "missed" cases were represented at each intake interval, and intakes ranged from 174 to 1,326 mg phenylalanine.
Screening test results ranged from 1 to 40 mg/100 ml (mean of 10.0) with wide variation at all intervals of phenylalanine intake. There was a gradual increase in mean levels from 7.1 mg/100 ml in the group with least intake to 13.0 for those having the most. This increase was attributable mainly to the PKUs whose mean levels were higher than those of the atypicals and hypers at all intake intervals, and went much higher with increased intake. Serial tests on 20 infants who had repeat testing in the first few days of life when feeding was documented demonstrated the rapid rise in serum levels in PKUs as feeding continued in contrast to the atypicals and hypers who showed only slight increases during this period.
The authors conclude there is no evidence that missed cases are significantly related to feeding protein or early testing in routine PKU screening of the newborn infant.
The Risk of Lumbar Puncture in Pediatric Patients With Cardiac and/or Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Margolis Carmi Z. , Coox Charles D. 
Published: December 2021

In the setting of a large hospital, and probably particularly in a teaching hospital, the dictum, "Do no harm," is often ignored in the rush to do all imaginable tests and "look for zebras" when at least the major diagnosis may be obvious. Three examples, encountered in a one-year period, of infants with primary cardiac or pulmonary diseases who suffered fatal or near fatal effects from an unnecessary lumbar puncture are the basis of this report.
Case 1
A 4½-month-old black male presented in the emergency room with a one-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. The patient was a 1,710-gm first dizygotic twin born at 36 weeks to a 36-year-old multipara who had premature rupture of the membranes.
Thiamine Deficiency: Probable Wernicke's Encephalopathy Successfully Treated in a Child With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Shah Narayan , Wolff James A. 
Published: December 2021

The classical clinical picture of the syndrome described by Wernicke1 consists of disturbances of consciousness, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. It has been ascribed to thiamine deficiency, although other dietary deficiencies may contribute to its development. The fullblown triad is frequently not present, a confused state often being the only manifestation. This may progress to stupor or coma. The condition has been described in adults with alcoholism, in chronic gastrointestinal disease, in prisoners of war maintained on very precarious diets and in obese patients kept on restricted diets without adequate vitamin supplementation.2
Guerrero3 in 1949 reported two infants with Wernicke's syndrome due to vitamin B deficiency.
Prolonged Apnea, Vagal Overactivity, and Sudden Infant Death
Authors: Bachman David S. 
Published: December 2021

The article on prolonged apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by Steinschneider1 is very exciting in that it suggests the possibility of identifying infants at risk from SIDS before the final event. Obviously, it is of great importance to learn the mechanism causing the preceding apneic episodes. Do they represent vagal overactivity?
Stimulation of the intact vagus nerve in the unanesthetized monkey causes apnea, as well as bradycardia and even arrhythmias.2 In fact, we have seen myocardial myocytolysis secondary to vagal stimulation.3
CHILD ABUSE: THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN AND THE HOSPITAL
Authors: Joyner Edmund N. 
Published: December 2021

We are attempting to do the job which our legislature mandated for public agencies. The legislature did not mandate the money to allow these agencies to effectively fulfill their responsibilities, nor were provisions made for a coordinating individual or agency to supervise and administer the procedures which were mandated.
Until these deficiencies are corrected, the hospital must assume a much broader role in child abuse. The hospital is the logical agency which can immediately bridge the wide gap now existing in long-term protection and rehabilitation. That hospitals may be willing to step in and perform this function is suggested by the fact that as of June 1, 1971, 18 hospitals formed Child Abuse Committees at the request of the County Medical Society of New York.
If under the present laws of New York state the hospitals are to take on this added burden–and we believe that they should–it is imperative that their work be given support and that recommendations of the hospitals' Child Abuse Committees carry great weight in the deliberations and decisions of the Bureau of Child Welfare and the Family Court.
SIR RALPH VERNEY WRITES TO HIS GODDAUGHTER ABOUT BOOKS SUITABLE FOR A YOUNG GIRL OF 1652
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

As an example of what was offered to satisfy the intellectual curiosity of a mid-seventeenth-century English girl, an apt and entertaining document is Sir Ralph Verney's letter of 1652 to his goddaughter Nancy Denton which follows:
Good sweet hart bee not so covitous; believe me a Bible (with ye Common prayer) and a good plaine cattichisme in your Mother Tongue being well read and practised is well worth all the rest and much more suitable to your sex; I know your Father thinks this false doctrine, but bee confident your husband will bee of my opinion. In French you cannot bee too cunning, for that language affords many admirable bookes fit for you, as Romances, Plays, Poetry, Stories of illustrious (not learned) Woemen, receipts for preserving, makinge creames and all sorts of cookeryes, ordring (sic) your gardens and in Brief all manner of good house-wifery. If you please to have a little patience with yourselfe (without Hebrew, Greeke, or Latin), when I goe to Paris again I will send you halfe a dozen of the french (sic) bookes to begin your Library.1
Urinary Tract Involvement in Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Kretkowski Ronald C. 
Published: December 2021

Epidermolysis bullosa is an uncommon skin disease which manifests itself at birth or in early infancy. It is characterized by blister formation occurring spontaneously or after friction or slight trauma.1 Involvement of the skin and mucous membranes is the chief clinical feature in this disease. Various systems of the body are affected either primarily or secondary to bullae and scarring of their mucous membranes. These include the conjunctiva of the eye, the mouth, the larynx, the esophagus, and the lung secondary to dysphagic pneumonitis.2 Herein is reported the first case of genitourinary tract involvement found in this disease.
Case Report
Corticoids and Respiratory Distress
Authors: Holm William W. 
Published: December 2021

Liggins and Howie1 have demonstrated the effect of antepartum dexamethasone in the prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Contrary to the current concept2 that this prevention results from maturation of the lung, though this may be an added benefit, the writer proposes that the adrenal is the primary target organ. In a previous letter3 regarding the role of catecholamines in the etiology of RDS he advised that whereas the lung of the mature infant is perfused by the pulmonary arteries (inducing alveolar expansion),4 the lung of the infant in utero is perfused by the bronchial arteries (inducing atelectasis).4
The Art of (Ambulatory) Pediatrics
Authors: Brem Jacob 
Published: December 2021

Despite commentaries by two distinguished pediatricians on the article by Duff et al.,1-3 I cannot resist the urge to emphasize certain points only alluded to. Granted that complexities and frustrations of patient care exist in the modern pediatric clinic, are we in our zeal to pursue the science neglecting to teach the art of pediatrics?
Though many years have passed, I retain a mental imprinting of an entire lecture by Dr. Kenneth D. Blackfan devoted to the examination of infants and children.
Sulfur Dioxide, a Respiratory Tract Irritant, Even if Ingested
Authors: Kochen Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a well-known atmospheric pollutant and respiratory tract irritant. Inhalation of trace quantities may result in the rapid development of laryngeal and bronchial spasm, excessive bronchial secretions, and pulmonary edema. It has been suggested that the increasing incidence of asthma and chronic bronchitis in urban areas may be attributable to the rising SO2 content of the air owing to the combustion of high sulfur-containing fuels.
Sulfur dioxide is also widely used as a preservative in certain common foodstuffs, i.e., dried fruits.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Mofenson Howard C. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Mofenson, for the Academy's Committee on Accident Prevention, comments as follows:
Dr. Fugazzotto should be complimented on his astuteness. The alert pediatrician can often identify potential or actual hazards in his practice and inform his colleagues.
I would like to mention that the Accident Prevention Committee has a tipsheet on safe toys in its Child Safety Suggestion series, Set No. 2.
Recently, two new safety slips have been added on infant furniture, including cribs.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Child Abuse
Authors: Hick John F. 
Published: December 2021

In reporting two siblings who succumbed to "sudden infant death syndrome," Steinschneider exposes an unparalleled family chronicle of infant death.1 Of five children, four died in early infancy and the other died without explanation at age 28 months. Prolonged apnea is proposed as the common denominator in the deaths, yet the author leaves many questions relevant to the fate of these children unanswered.
Apnea of greater than 15 seconds has been well documented for the two siblings studied.