bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exiguobacterium sp. is endowed with antibiotic properties against Gram positive and negative bacteria
Authors: Cavanaugh Nicole T. , Parthasarathy Anutthaman , Wong Narayan H. , Steiner KayLee K. , Chu Jonathan , Adjei Joseph , Hudson André O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
In order to isolate and identify bacteria that produce potentially novel bactericidal/bacteriostatic compounds, two ponds on the campus of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) were targeted as part of a bioprospecting effort.

Results
One of the unique isolates, RIT 452 was identified as Exiguobacterium sp. and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The genome was assembled and in silico analysis was performed to predict the secondary metabolite gene clusters, which suggested the potential of Exiguobacterium RIT452 for producing antibiotic compounds. Extracts of spent growth media of RIT452 were active in disc diffusion assays performed against four reference strains, two Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and two Gram-positive (B. subtilis BGSC 168 and S. aureus ATCC 25923). Differential extraction and liquid chromatography was used to fractionate the extracts. Efforts to identify and elucidate the structure of the active compound(s) are still ongoing.
Initiating buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder without prerequisite withdrawal: a systematic review
Authors: Adams K. K. , Machnicz M. , Sobieraj D. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpioid withdrawal symptoms prior to buprenorphine initiation may be intolerable and as a result, alternative strategies have emerged. We aim to systematically review the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine initiation that aims to omit prerequisite withdrawal.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and CENTRAL from 1996 through April 10, 2020, augmented with searches in Google Scholar andwww.clinicaltrials.gov. A study was included if it was in patients with substance use disorder or chronic pain that were taking a full mu opioid agonist and transitioning to buprenorphine without preceding withdrawal, and reported withdrawal during initiation as an outcome. Two investigators independently screened citations and articles for inclusion, collected data using a standardized data collection tool, and assessed study risk of bias.ResultsWe included 15 case reports/series, reporting 24 unique cases, in our qualitative synthesis. No controlled studies were identified. Microdosing and bridging with a buprenorphine patch were the most common strategies reported. Transition to buprenorphine with complete cessation of opioid agonists was achieved in 87.5% (n = 21) of cases. Withdrawal during initiation occurred in 58.3% (n = 14) of cases, two of which were at least moderate in severity.ConclusionBuprenorphine initiation strategies that omit prerequisite withdrawal have emerged. Low quality evidence from case reports suggests withdrawal during initiation is common but most often mild in severity. There is an unmet need for controlled studies to inform their efficacy and safety compared with traditional strategies, including outcomes during initiation and in the long-term.
Salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy through VATS for an initial unresectable locally advanced lung cancer: an alternative consolidative modality to radiotherapy?
Authors: Yu Hsuan-Hsuan , Chen Yi-Wei , Yeh Yi-Chen , Huang Chien-Sheng , Chiu Chao-Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the first choice treatment for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but up to 35% of dCRT-treated tumors may have persistent or recurrent disease. Since the last decades, multimodality therapy showing potential for cure has become the mainstream for treatment of locally advanced NSCLCs, even some that were initially inoperable. Although salvage lung resection after dCRT has been reported with acceptable survivals, experiences in this respect are still limited. Other concerns remain debatable and inconclusive, such as dosage of radiation exposure, long interval between dCRT and surgery, and surgical comorbidity.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old male former smoker with diagnosis of right lower lobe of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) with multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathy, cT4N2M0, stage IIIB, received salvage right lower lobe + right middle lobe bilobectomy through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after dCRT and adjuvant CRT to a total of 9000 cGy dosage of radiation. The interval from the 1st and 2nd ends of radiation to the salvage surgery was 980 and 164 days, respectively. The pre-operative forced expiratory volume in the first second was 2.33 L (101% predicted) and the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide was 56% predicted. The operating time was 6.5 h, and the total estimated blood loss was 50 ml. The patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day without major complications or bronchopleural fistulas. The patient was still alive 42 months after the initial diagnosis of advanced N2 lung SqCC, and kept progression-free for 7 months after salvage lung resection.

Conclusions
Salvage lung resection performed long after high-dose radiation therapy of dCRT is technically feasible through VATS approach in a patient with initially inoperable cT4N2M0 stage IIIB NSCLC, and can be an alternative consolidative treatment for locally advanced NSCLC.
Efficacy of some native entomopathogenic nematodes against the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults under laboratory conditions
Authors: Çağlayan Ayşegül , Atay Turgut , Kepenekci İlker 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have more important role in biological control of economic insect pests. The effect of native EPNs on adults of the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann, 1873) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which are important alfalfa pests in Turkey and around the world, was investigated.

Results
Dose-mortality assays were carried out with 5 isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (isolate 09-31), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) (isolate 09-43), H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut, and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas] using doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 IJs ml−1 under the laboratory conditions. Studies showed that all isolates had an effect 90% and more at 2000 IJs ml−1 and at the end of 112 h [except, H. bacteriophora (isolate 09-43) and H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut isolates against H. postica]. In addition, LT30, LT50, and LT90 values at 1000 IJs ml−1 were determined.

Conclusions
According to the results, G. fornicata adults were susceptible to all isolates tested in the study and H. postica adults were susceptible to the isolates S. carpocapsae (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae (isolate 09-31), and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas. This is the first study conducted in Turkey for the virulence of EPNs against G. fornicata and H. postica.
Giant axillary lipoblastoma in an African child: a case report
Authors: Oyinloye Adewale Olaotan , Raheem Nasiru , Dahiru Aminu M. C. , Rikin Christopher Uruku , Abubakar Auwal Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the adipose tissue occurring most commonly in infants and young children. This tumor can present as a localized, well-circumscribed lesion (lipoblastoma) or as a multi-centric lesion (lipoblastomatosis).

Case presentation
This is a case report of lipoblastoma in a 19-month-old male with 9 months history of rapidly progressing axillary mass. Examination revealed a well-circumscribed right axillary mass measuring 25 cm × 20 cm with normal overlying skin and prominent, visibly distended superficial veins. He had surgical excision of the mass. Histologic examination revealed lipoblastoma. There has been no recurrence in the last 21 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
The report is presented for its rarity and also for its potential to pose diagnostic difficulty to surgeons. Surgical excision offers the best chance of cure. Long-term follow-up is also important to detect recurrence.
How is COVID-19 affecting patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder? A longitudinal study on the initial phase of the pandemic in a Spanish cohort
Authors: Alonso P. , Bertolín S. , Segalàs J. , Tubío-Fungueiriño M. , Real E. , Mar-Barrutia L. , Fernández-Prieto M. , Carvalho S. , Carracedo A. , Menchón JM. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Although the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional health are evident, little is known about its impact on patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods
One hundred and twenty-seven patients with OCD who attended a specialist OCD Clinic in Barcelona, Spain, were assessed by phone from April 27 to May 25, 2020, during the early phase of the pandemic, using the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and a structured interview that collected clinical and sociodemographic information. Results were compared with those for 237 healthy controls from the same geographic area who completed an online survey.

Results
Although 65.3% of the patients with OCD described a worsening of their symptoms, only 31.4% had Y-BOCS scores that increased >25%. The risk of getting infected by SARS-CoV2 was reported as a new obsession by 44.8%, but this only became the main obsessive concern in approximately 10% of the patients. Suicide-related thoughts were more frequent among the OCD cohort than among healthy controls. The presence of prepandemic depression, higher Y-BOCS scores, contamination/washing symptoms, and lower perceived social support all predicted a significantly increased risk of OCD worsening.

Conclusions
Most patients with OCD appear to be capable of coping with the emotional stress of the COVID-19 outbreak and its consequences during the initial phase of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the current crisis constitutes a risk factor for a significant worsening of symptoms and suicidal ideation. Action is needed to ensure effective and individualized follow-up care for patients with OCD in the COVID-19 era.
Factors in an Auto-Brewery Syndrome group compared to an American Gut Project group: a case-control study
Authors: Cordell Barbara , Kanodia Anup , Miller Gregory K. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS), also known as Gut Fermentation Syndrome, is a rare but underdiagnosed condition. While scores of case studies of ABS are published, only one previous study examined ABS patients’ demographics, health history, lifestyle factors, and diet compared to a control group of household members. Methods: We designed a case-control study to identify factors that individuals with a diagnosis of ABS and those who live with them might have that differ from a larger general group. We administered a survey to 46 patients known to have a diagnosis of ABS and their household members. Here, we compare our group of survey takers to a cohort of the American Gut Project (AGP) participants (N=11,297) for the 30 questions that were identical. Results: With a response rate of 88% and using Rank Sum Tests, the data demonstrate that patients with ABS and their household members are more likely than participants of the AGP to own a pet (p=.03 for cat; p=.0001 for dog), get less sleep (p=.0001), and have lesser quality of bowel movements (p=.03). In addition, the ABS group consumes more water (p=.02) and less alcohol (p=.0004), eats at home more often (p=.0056), and reports more aversion to sweets (p=.01). The most striking difference is a higher presence of non-food allergies in all five subcategories of the survey in the ABS group compared to the AGP group. Conclusion: Patients with ABS and their household members show several significant differences in their lifestyle and health, diet, and medical history compared to a large group of AGP participants. These differences lead to several hypotheses about co-morbidities that warrant further research.
Vasoactive agents in acute mesenteric ischaemia in critical care. A systematic review
Authors: Brennan Christopher A , Osei-Bonsu Peter , McClenaghan Rachael Eimear , Nassar Ahmed , Forget Patrice , Kaye Callum , Ramsay George 
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a surgical emergency which has an associated high mortality. The mainstay of active treatment includes early surgical intervention, with resection of non-viable bowel, and revascularisation of the ischaemic bowel where possible. Due to the physiological insult of AMI however, perioperative care often involves critical care and the use of vasoactive agents to optimise end organ perfusion. A number of these vasoactive agents are currently available with varied mechanism of action and effects on splanchnic blood flow. However, specific guidance on which is the optimal vasoactive drug to use in these settings is limited. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence comparing vasoactive drugs in AMI. Methods: A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review was performed on the 5th of November 2020 to identify randomised clinical trials comparing different vasoactive agents in AMI on outcomes including mortality. The search was performed through the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng) search support library. Results were analysed using the Rayyan platform, and independently screened by four investigators. Results: 614 distinct papers were identified. After screening, there were no randomised clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: This review identifies a gap in literature, and therefore recommends an investigation into current practice and clinician preference in relation to vasoactive agents in AMI. Multicentre randomised controlled trials comparing these medications on clinical outcomes will therefore be required to address this question.
Effects of mobile health education on sexual and reproductive health information among female school-going adolescents of rural Thailand
Authors: Narkarat Premyuda , Taneepanichskul Surasak , Kumar Ramesh , Somrongthong Ratana 
Published: June 2021

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is one of the major public health issues globally, as well as in Thailand. Sexual health literacy (SHL) has been a proved effective intervention for preventing teenage pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mobile messages to improve sexual and reproductive health literacy among secondary school female students. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study with pre–post design was conducted in two secondary schools of rural Thailand. 128 respondents were selected through a simple random sampling method; equal number of female secondary school students were selected from each school. Health education through mobile messages on sexual and reproductive health literacy were delivered in one group while the other group was observed through routine care for 24 weeks. Baseline (pre) and endline (post) measurement was taken to compare the effects of mobile messages. Study was ethically approved by the institutional review board of Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Results: Both groups were same at baseline and found statistically non-significant (p>0.05). After the 24-week health education program, the mean scores of health education groups was found statistically significant (p<0.05), while the mean score in observed group did not show any statistical change (p>0.05) . Level of sexual health literacy scores among female students in the health education group was found statistically significant (p<0.05) in all four domains. While, the observation group was remained same at both measurements pre and post (p=0.521). Conclusion: The study concluded that the mobile messages have proved an effective information method for sexual and reproductive health information among female secondary students of rural Thailand.
Crohn's disease - diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Ręba Patrycja 
Published: June 2021

AdmissionCrohn's disease belongs to the group of chronic and still incurable diseases. It has periods of exacerbation and partial or complete remission. It mainly affects young people. The peak incidence is between the ages of 15 and 35, but it is possible to develop the first symptoms of the disease at any age. Due to its chronicity, incurability and the possibility of various complications, this disease is a heavy psycho-physical as well as social burden. AimThe aim of the study is to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn's disease.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsCrohn's disease is a disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract (most often the end segment of the small intestine), causing a significant reduction in the quality of life and impairment of the patient's efficiency. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stools, testable (often tender) abdominal resistance, weight loss, weakness, low-grade fever, and fever. They are often accompanied by changes in the anal area - fistulas, fissures and abscesses, as well as entero-skin fistulas. Diagnosis is based on endoscopy with biopsy, histopathology and radiological methods using contrast. Despite better recognition and easier access to diagnostics, some cases are diagnosed during the procedure due to obstruction or misdiagnosed appendicitis. The most commonly used treatments are 5-aminosalicylates, glucocorticosteroids and thiopurines. Currently, two anti-TNF-α antibodies used in biological therapy are registered in Poland. ConclusionsTreatment with classical methods and biological drugs does not always avoid surgical intervention. Long-term observation shows that most patients undergo at least one surgery. New reports more and more boldly indicate the desirability of early introduction of biological and immunosuppressive therapy (top-down strategy). Although the chance of disease change as a result of aggressive treatment from the moment of diagnosis is tempting, due to the possible complications of such therapy, especially infectious, caution should be exercised until we have more data. These complications also require that this treatment be dealt with by reference centers with extensive experience in this field.
Dual-frequency unidirectional reflectionless propagation in a non-Hermitian graphene plasmonic waveguide-cavity coupling system
Authors: Yang Guofeng , Ding Jian , Wang Yueke 
Published: June 2021

We theoretically investigate a controllable dual-frequency
unidirectional reflectionlessness at exceptional points by applying
external voltage in a graphene plasmonic waveguide system. The system
consists of a graphene waveguide and two end-coupled resonators.
COMSOL simulation results show that the reflection of edge fundamental
graphene surface plasmon polaritons mode for forward (backward)
incidence is near to zero at frequency 24.418 THz (20.865 THz), while
that for backward (forward) incidence is 24.71% (22.945%),
respectively. In addition, the non-Hermitian scattering matrix is
proposed to verify the existence of double exceptional points, and the
tunable unidirectional reflectionless phenomenon is also achieved by
changing the Fermi level (

E
f

) of graphene.
Laser regulation for variable color temperature lighting with low
energy consumption by microlens arrays
Authors: Liu Peng , Guan Zuwei , Zhou Tianfeng , Xie Qiuchen , Yu Qian , He Yupeng , Zeng Zihao , Wang Xibin 
Published: June 2021

The construction of a smart city puts forward new requirements for lighting systems, such as variable color temperature adapting to environment and low energy consumption. We introduce a variable color temperature laser lighting system that produces uniform light with minimum energy. The color temperature is controlled by tri-color RGB diode lasers, and uniform lighting is achieved by microlens arrays. Tri-color diode lasers with wavelengths of 650, 556, and 450 nm are used as the lighting sources, and the white light laser output is achieved by combining the three beams. The color temperature is controlled by changing the power ratio of each lighting source. Finally, the homogenization of laser energy is regulated by the microlens arrays, and the energy uniformity reaches 91.1%. Moreover, we do an experiment to compare LED street lighting and laser street lighting, finding that the street lighting system with this design can increase the energy utilization rate by 113.33%, and the color temperature of the car headlamps with this design can be changed according to the environment. Therefore, this laser lighting system is an effective solution for modern smart lighting systems and energy saving, which have vast application.
Supercontinuum generation in single-crystal YAG fibers pumped around the zero-dispersion wavelength
Authors: Tripepi Michael , Barrette Andrew , Ferdinandus Manuel , Eshel Ben , Averett Kent L. , Chowdhury Enam A. , Liebig Carl M. 
Published: June 2021

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a common host material for both bulk and single-crystal fiber lasers. With increasing interest in developing optical technologies in the short-wave infrared and mid-infrared wavelength range, YAG may be a potential supercontinuum medium for these applications. Here, we characterize femtosecond laser pumped supercontinuum generation with 1200–2000 nm pump wavelengths (

λ

p

) for undoped, single-crystal YAG fibers, which are representative of the normal, zero, and anomalous-dispersion regimes. Supercontinuum was observed over the spectral region of about 0.2 to

1.6

λ

p

. Z-scan measurements were also performed of bulk YAG, which revealed little dispersion of the nonlinear index of refraction (

n

2

) in the region of interest. The measured values of

n

2

(

∼

1
×

10

−
6

c
m

2

/

G
W

) indicate a regime in which the nonlinear length,

L

N
L

, is less than the dispersion length,

L

D

, (

L

N
L

≪

L

D

). We report intensity clamping of the generated filament in the normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) regime and an isolated anti-Stokes peak in the anomalous GVD regime, suggesting further consideration is needed to optimize supercontinuum generation in this fiber medium.