bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of heat‐tolerant Ethiopian chickpea accessions: Assessment of phenological and agromorphological traits and genomic relationships
Authors: Getahun Tsegaye , Negash Kassaye , Chang Peter L. , von Wettberg Eric , Carrasquilla‐Garcia Noelia , Gaur Pooran M. , Fikre Asnake , Haileslassie Teklehaimanot , Cook Douglas , Tesfaye Kassahun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA major agronomic challenge for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is temperatures above 35 °C, which causes reduced fertility and seed development. This study was aimed at assessing the phenotypic variation of chickpea genotypes under variable heat stress conditions. Chickpea genotypes were grown in heat‐stressed locations in both Ethiopia and India to assess phenotypic variation for heat tolerance. In addition, genomic relationships among the genotypes were assessed using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 121 genotypes were assessed at three field sites in Ethiopia, under heat stress and nonstress conditions, and 57 genotypes were assessed under high‐heat‐stress conditions at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad, India. Data for five phenological and seven agromorphological traits were recorded. The results showed that the chickpea genotypes were severely affected by excessive heat at Hyderabad as compared with those planted under non‐heat‐stress conditions in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. At extremely high temperatures, chickpea plants exhibited reduced floral initiation, arrested seed and pod development, shortened life cycles, and reduced plant height, seed size, grain yield, and yield‐related traits. Across stressed and nonstressed environments, there were highly significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits (ANOVA, P ≤ .001). Under heat‐stressed environments, DZ‐Cr‐0034 was found to be a highly tolerant, whereas DZ‐Cr‐0026 was found to be a highly sensitive genotype. Genetic relationships among the genotypes were determined using 5,722 SNPs, revealing a single group of Ethiopian genotypes with small number of cultivars showing introgression from Middle Eastern germplasm. This study clearly demonstrated that there is genetic variability in chickpea for heat tolerance that can be harnessed to meet expected shifts towards warmer climatic conditions.
Forage productivity and soil properties in dual‐purpose cover crop systems
Authors: Simon Logan M. , Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D. , Johnson Sandy K. , Roozeboom Kraig L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntensification of dryland cropping systems with cover crops (CCs) in the semi‐arid central Great Plains could enhance soil health and diversify production when used for forage. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 to determine forage mass, nutritive value of CCs, and effects of dual‐purpose CCs on soil properties in a no‐till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow cropping system. Treatments were oat (Avena sativa L.)/triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) CCs grown in place of fallow, which were hayed, grazed by yearling heifers, or left standing. Forage mass varied across years and averaged 3,546 kg ha−1 for standing CCs. Hayed and grazed CCs removed 73 and 26% of available forage. Soil bulk density was unaffected by haying or grazing compared to standing CCs. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the 0‐to‐15‐cm depth in 2019 were similar among CC treatments (27.31 Mg ha−1). Stocks with standing and hayed CCs were greater than fallow (24.79 Mg ha−1) which was similar to grazed CCs. However, in 2020, stocks were less with hayed CCs (21.80 Mg ha−1) compared to grazed or standing CCs (24.27 Mg ha−1) and all were similar to fallow. Mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates increased with standing and grazed CCs (2.89 mm) compared to fallow (1.67 mm) in both years but hayed CCs were greater than fallow in 1 yr. Findings suggest CCs can replace fallow to produce high‐quality forage while improving soil health but residue management is critical when CC productivity is low.
Numerical investigation of mechanical axial dispersion in slender fixed‐beds
Authors: Jurtz Nico , Schönherr Tobias David , Kraume Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe description of the mixing characteristics is of fundamental interest for modeling mass transport in fixed‐bed reactors. A method based on Lagrangian parcel tracking is presented to determine the axial dispersion coefficient in the mechanical dispersion regime from particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. The impact of fluid dynamic entry effects and the necessary averaging length on the axial dispersion coefficient is studied, showing that the often reported dependency on the entry length is almost not existent, but a result of insufficient averaging, caused by to short bed heights. The axial dispersion coefficients are determined for different particle shapes and a novel reactor wall concept. A strong correlation is found between the relative variance of the axial velocity and the axial dispersion coefficient.
Application of nature‐inspired algorithms with generalized Pitzer‐Debye‐Hückel (PDH) refinement for liquid liquid equilibria (LLE) correlation in cyclic di‐ether systems
Authors: Ganguly Arkava , Bairagya Priyotosh , Banerjee Tamal , Kundu Debashis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetaheuristic algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms have been widely used for phase equilibria computation. In the present work, correlation of the liquid–liquid splitting of 1,3‐dioxolane + water and 1,4‐dioxane + water mixtures using the buffers 3‐n‐morpholino‐propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), 3‐[4‐(2‐hydroxymethyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐propanesulfonic acid (HEPPS), and the ionic‐liquid (IL) tetra‐methyl‐ammonium 3‐[4‐(2‐hydroxymethyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐propanesulfonate [TMA][EPPS] is performed by the GA‐NRTL, CS‐NRTL, GA‐UNIQUAC, and CS‐UNIQUAC methods. Thermodynamically consistent binary interaction parameters are obtained after a rigorous investigation of the dimensionless excess Gibbs free energy of mixing GM(L)/RT topology thereby satisfying the Gibbs minor common tangent phase stability test. The results indicate that the GA‐UNIQUAC method performs the best for correlating the biphasic regions with very high quantitative accuracies and well‐resolved GM(L)/RT surface description. Furthermore, the UNIQUAC model is significantly enhanced by incorporating a thermodynamically consistent extended Pitzer‐Debye‐Hückel* (PDH*) contribution term considering weak electrostatic long‐range interactions within the IL‐rich phases.
Assessment of the median ages at sexual maturation stages of Brazilian schoolchildren according to overweight status and type of school over a 5‐year period: 2007–2012/2013
Authors: Matsuo Luísa Harumi , Adami Fernando , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos Francisco , Longo Giana Zarbato , Schoueri Jean Henri Maselli , de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesA secular trend of earlier puberty has been observed in girls, and, although more uncertain in boys, is associated with an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. We aimed to compare the median ages of sexual maturation stages in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil over a 5‐year period, according to weight status and type of school.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional studies were performed in 2007 and 2012/2013, including 2215 and 1614 schoolchildren, respectively. Body mass index z‐scores were calculated and categorized as either nonoverweight or overweight (including obesity). The type of school was categorized as either public or private. Sexual maturation was self‐assessed according to the Tanner stages. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed to compare the median ages of sexual maturation stages.ResultsThe median age decreased for almost all stages over the 5‐year period in both sexes. In boys, the decrease ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 years (stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 for genitalia, and stages 2 and 4 for pubic hair), and from 0.3 to 0.7 years (stages 2, 3, and 4 for breast, and stages 3, 4, and 5 for pubic hair). In 2012, overweight students had lower median ages for most stages compared to those in 2007, especially in girls. Differences by type of school were balanced across years.ConclusionsThe median age of Tanner's stages after 5 years was reduced in both sexes. In overweight girls, the reduction was more pronounced. The results by type of school were inconsistent.
A phenotypic expansion of TRNT1 associated sideroblastic anemia with immunodeficiency, fevers, and developmental delay
Authors: Odom John , Amin Hitha , Gijavanekar Charul , Elsea Sarah H. , Kralik Stephen , Chinen Javier , Lin Yuezhen , Yates Amber Meshell Mayfield , Mizerik Elizabeth , Potocki Lorraine , Scaglia Fernando 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSideroblastic anemia with immunodeficiency, fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD; MIM #616084) is an autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial and cytosolic tRNA processing caused by pathogenic, biallelic variants in TRNT1. Other features of this disorder include central nervous system, renal, cardiac, ophthalmological features, and sensorineural hearing impairment. SIFD was first described in 2013 and to date, it has been reported in 46 patients. Herein, we review the literature and describe two siblings with SIFD and note the novel phenotype of hypoglycemia in the context of growth hormone (GH) deficiency. GH deficiency without hypoglycemia has previously been reported in three patients with SIFD, but GH deficiency had not been firmly ascribed to SIFD. We propose to expand the phenotype to include GH deficiency, hypoglycemia, and previously unreported dysmorphic features. Furthermore, we highlight the intrafamilial variability of the disease by the discordance of our patients' clinical phenotypes and biochemical profiles measured by untargeted metabolomics analysis. Several metabolomic abnormalities were observed in both patients, and these may represent a potential biochemical signature for SIFD.
Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment of sinonasal squamous‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jeffrey T. , Claudio Natalie , Betts Courtney , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Geltzeiler Mathew , Pucci Ferdinando 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundTreatment and prognosis of sinonasal squamous‐cell carcinoma (SNSCC) have not significantly improved despite improvements in radical therapy. Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) may identify patient subgroups associated with disease recurrence, and provide new biomarkers for improved patient stratification and treatment.MethodsThe TiME was quantitatively evaluated by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) in archived tissue sections from 38 patients with SNSCC, and were assessed for differences between recurrent (n = 20) and nonrecurrent (n = 18) groups. Hierarchical clustering analyses were performed to identify phenotypic TiME subgroups within the cohort and were used to compare survival outcomes.ResultsOur mIHC analysis revealed increased T‐cell populations and decreased myeloid‐cell populations in SNSCC patients without recurrent disease, as compared with patients with recurrent disease. Within T‐cell subsets, there was a significantly higher percentage of granzyme B+, T‐bet+, Eomes+ T cells, as well as higher proliferation of CD8+ T cells within the nonrecurrent group relative to the recurrent group. Furthermore, immune‐cell complexity profiles of SNSCC revealed hyper– and hypo–T‐cell–inflamed, myeloid‐inflamed, B‐cell–inflamed, and broadly hypoinflamed subtypes not previously identified by gene expression analyses. Our study revealed that presence of either hyper– or hypo–T‐cell–inflamed TiME subtypes were associated with increased survival outcomes as compared with broadly hypoinflamed TiME subtypes (p = 0.035 and 0.0376, respectively).ConclusionsThe TiME of SNSCC reveals distinct subtypes, which may correlate with recurrence and survival outcomes.
Targeted gene expression profiling of inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tong Charles C. L. , Koptyra Mateusz , Raman Pichai , Rathi Komal S. , Choudhari Namrata , Lin Xiang , Seckar Tyler , Wei Zhi , Kohanski Michael A. , O'Malley Bert W. , Cohen Noam A. , Kennedy David W. , Adappa Nithin D. , Robertson Erle S. , Baranov Esther , Kuan Edward C. , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Jalaly Jalal B. , Feldman Michael D. , Storm Phillip B. , Resnick Adam C. , Palmer James N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInverted papilloma (IP) is a sinonasal tumor with a well‐known potential for malignant transformation. The purpose of this study was to identify the genes and pathways associated with IP, with progression to carcinoma‐in‐situ and invasive carcinoma.MethodsTo determine genes and molecular pathways that may indicate progression and correlate with histologic changes, we analyzed six IP without dysplasia, five IP with carcinoma‐in‐situ, and 13 squamous cell carcinoma ex‐IP by targeted sequencing. The HTG EdgeSeq Oncology Biomarker Panel coupled with next‐generation sequencing was used to evaluate 2560 transcripts associated with solid tumors.ResultsProgressive upregulation of 11 genes were observed (CALD1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A2, COL5A2, FN1, ITGA5, LGALS1, MMP11, SERPINH1, SPARC) in the order of invasive carcinoma > carcinoma‐in‐situ > IP without dysplasia. When compared with IP without dysplasia, more genes are differentially expressed in invasive carcinoma than carcinoma‐in‐situ samples (341 downregulated/333 upregulated vs. 195 downregulated/156 upregulated). Gene set enrichment analysis determined three gene sets in common between the cohorts (epithelial mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix organization, and coagulation).ConclusionsProgressive upregulation of genes specific to IP malignant degeneration has significant clinical implications. This panel of 11 genes will improve concordance of histologic classification, which can directly impact treatment and patient outcomes. Additionally, future studies on larger tumor sets may observe upregulation in the gene panel that preceded histologic changes, which may be useful for further risk stratification.
Relationship between socioeconomic status, exposure to airborne pollutants, and chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity
Authors: Velasquez Nathalia , Gardiner Lauren , Cheng Tracy Z. , Moore John A. , Boudreau Robert M. , Presto Albert A. , Lee Stella E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAir pollution directly interacts with airway mucosa, yet little is known about how pollutants affect upper airway inflammation. Studies have shown increased incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), rhinitis, and asthma in areas with higher traffic pollution, and these neighborhoods are often associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES). The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) assesses neighborhood‐level SES by zip code. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between SES and exposure to inhaled pollutants and CRS disease severity.MethodsCRS patients with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively) were identified (total patients = 234; CRSwNP patients = 138; CRSsNP patients = 96). Pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were measured at 70 sites within the defined countywide sites and used to estimate patient exposures. SES was measured by ADI state deciles. Disease severity metrics included the modified Lund‐Mackay score (LMS), the need for systemic steroids, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Associations were analyzed and identified using linear, logistic, and Poisson multivariable regression.ResultsThe distribution of CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients across ADI state deciles was similar. ADI, however, was a predictor of exposure to airborne pollutants (PM2.5, BC, and NO2) with a 1.39%, 2.39%, and 2.49% increase in PM2.5, BC, and NO2 per increasing decile increment (p < 0.0001), respectively, which demonstrated a direct correlation between deprived neighborhoods and higher levels of exposure to PM2.5, BC, and NO2 with an increase in pollutant levels per increase in ADI decile. Furthermore, ADI was a predictor for increased steroid treatment.ConclusionLower SES predicted higher exposure to air pollution and increased disease severity in patients with CRS as demonstrated by the increased need for steroid treatment.
Endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 5‐year results
Authors: Simmonds Jonathan C. , Paz‐Lansberg Marianella , Scangas George , Metson Ralph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, limited data exist as to long‐term disease‐specific outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this report, we present outcomes data collected over 5 years in a large prospective cohort of patients who underwent surgical treatment for CRS.MethodsPatients who completed the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) before ESS were asked to complete the same survey at yearly intervals for 5 years thereafter. The impact of patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics on clinical outcome was measured using mixed effects modeling for univariate and multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression threshold analyses were also performed.ResultsAmong the 925 patients enrolled in the study, the SNOT‐22 was completed after ESS by 641 patients (69.3%) at 1 year and 338 patients (36.5%) at 5 years. The mean preoperative SNOT‐22 score of 48.5 (standard error [SE], 0.69) improved at all subsequent yearly time‐points, including 5 years (mean, 25.8; SE, 1.08; p < 0.0001). SNOT‐22 scores over time were impacted by nasal polyps (p < 0.001), environmental allergies (p = 0.010), diabetes (p = 0.032), and preoperative Lund‐Mackay score (p < 0.001).ConclusionEndoscopic sinus surgery appears to be effective at improving the quality of life of patients with CRS for both the short and long term. The successful outcome of such surgery, however, is influenced by a variety of clinical factors, which should be taken into account by clinicians who are considering surgical treatment of CRS for select patients.
The association of active and passive tobacco smoke exposure with chronic rhinosinusitis symptom severity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wolf Jeffrey S. , Papadimitriou John C. , Morales Robert E. , Califano Joseph A. , Kline Neila L. , Bhatnagar Kavita , Hebert Andrea M. , Taylor Rodney J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) causes a great deal of morbidity. There are a multitude of causal factors, though their precise contribution to symptom severity has yet to be defined. We hypothesized that exposure to both primary and secondhand tobacco smoke would correlate with more severe symptoms of CRS.MethodsThis is a prospective cross‐sectional study performed at an academic tertiary care medical center from 2010 to 2013. A total of 85 consecutive patients with chronic sinusitis were screened; 70 with medically refractory CRS requiring functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were enrolled. Recent tobacco exposure was assessed using serum cotinine levels. Sinonasal mucosa was biopsied to assess ciliary architecture. Demographics, medical history, tobacco and environmental exposures, and computed tomography (CT) imaging were also collected. Two quality of life (QOL) surveys were administered: one disease specific, Sinonasal Outcomes Test‐20 (SNOT‐20), and one general, Short Form‐12 (SF‐12). Results were correlated with the aforementioned exposures.Results The 70 patients had an average age of 46 years, and 42% were male. Variables that correlated with worse SNOT‐20 scores included serum cotinine (r = 0.43, p = 0.002), number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.27, p = 0.03), and number of secondhand cigarettes exposed to per day (r = 0.29, p = 0.04). There were no significant correlations between SNOT‐20 scores and Lund–MacKay or axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities (AUA)‐ciliary scores. The two five‐variable models best predicted disease‐specific QOL.Conclusions Increased amounts of serum cotinine and primary and secondhand smoke exposure were associated with worse sinonasal QOL. This study establishes an objective relationship between smoke exposure and patient‐perceived severity of CRS, emphasizing the importance of tobacco cessation counseling as part of management.
Enzyme Catalysis in Non‐Native Environment with Unnatural Selectivity Using Polymeric Nanoreactors
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Le Stephanie , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe utilization of enzymes for catalysis in organic solvents, while exhibiting selectivity to different substrates, is a big challenge. We report an amphiphilic random copolymer system that self‐assembles with enzymes in an organic solvent to form nanoreactors. These encapsulated enzymes are not denatured and they do preserve the catalytic activity. The cross‐linkable functional groups in the hydrophobic compartments of the polymers offer to control accessibility to the enzyme. This varied accessibility due to the polymer host, rather than the enzyme itself, endows the nanoreactor with an unnatural selectivity. The findings here highlight the significant potential of simple polymer‐based enzyme nanoreactors to execute selective organic reactions under non‐native conditions.
Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Hydrogen with Rhodium(I)–Platinum(II) Olefin Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Jurt Pascal , Abels Anne Sofie , Gamboa‐Carballo Juan José , Fernández Israel , Le Corre Grégoire , Aebli Marcel , Baker Matthew G. , Eiler Frederik , Müller Fabian , Wörle Michael , Verel René , Gauthier Sébastien , Trincado Monica , Gianetti Thomas L. , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nitrogen oxides NO2, NO, and N2O are among the most potent air pollutants of the 21st century. A bimetallic RhI–PtII complex containing an especially designed multidentate phosphine olefin ligand is capable of catalytically detoxifying these nitrogen oxides in the presence of hydrogen to form water and dinitrogen as benign products. The catalytic reactions were performed at room temperature and low pressures (3–4 bar for combined nitrogen oxides and hydrogen gases). A turnover number (TON) of 587 for the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to water and N2 was recorded, making these RhI–PtII complexes the best homogeneous catalysts for this reaction to date. Lower TONs were achieved in the conversion of nitric oxide (NO, TON=38) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2, TON of 8). These unprecedented homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions of NOx were investigated by a combination of multinuclear NMR techniques and DFT calculations, which provide insight into a possible reaction mechanism. The hydrogenation of NO2 proceeds stepwise, to first give NO and H2O, followed by the generation of N2O and H2O, which is then further converted to N2 and H2O. The nitrogen−nitrogen bond‐forming step takes place in the conversion from NO to N2O and involves reductive dimerization of NO at a rhodium center to give a hyponitrite (N2O22−) complex, which was detected as an intermediate.