bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix: Clinicopathologic Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Xu Yougui , Shen Danhua , LI MingZhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (CNECC) is a rare variant of cervical cancer. The prognosis of women with CNECC is poor and there is no standardized therapy for this type of malignancy. To discuss the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of CNECC.MethodsTwenty one patients diagnosed as CNECC of cervix from May 2008 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed at Peking University people's hospital, were analyzed retrospectively including hematoxylin-eosinstaining （HE）slides review, immunohistochemistry results,Thinprep cytology test(TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) Hybrid Capture 2(HC2) assay. and their data were analyzed retrospectively. Telephone and medical records were followed up for 3-160 months with an average follow-up time of 49.8 month.ResultsThe patient's average age was 48.6 years old (range: 33–69 years). The first symptoms of 11 cases had vaginal bleeding, 2 cases had vaginal discharge, and the others were asymptomatic. Among the 21 patients, 17 cases were diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma by biopsy. There were 9 cases with TCT examination and HC2 tests before biopsy, TCT results of 4 cases were positive. High-risk HPV of 7 cases were positive. The morphology of cancer cells were relatively consistent, the cytoplasm was sparse, the nuclei were obviously blue stained, and accompanied by extensive neoplastic necrosis. 13 cases were pure CNECC(61.9%), 8 cases were mix types of CNECC(38.1%).There were 3 cases accompanied by squamous cell carcinoma,5 cases accompanied by adenocarcinoma.The positive detection rate of Syn, CgA, CD56,p16 and TTF1 were 85.7%(18/21), 42.9%(9/21), 85.7% (18/21), 81%(17/21) 52.4%(11/21),respectively.The overall survival rate of 21 NECC cases was 71.4%(15/21).ConclusionsCNECC was a extremely rare primary tumor.The tumor was associated with HPV infection. Combined examination of TCT and HPV could significantly improve the detection rate of neuroendocrine carcinoma before biopsy.Pthology diagnosis was based on histological and immunohistochemical examination. It was considered to be highly aggressive malignancy with very poor prognosis.
Effect of Insulin Resistance on Recurrence After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Yi-Jia , Liu Zhi-Yu , Li Qing , Kong Ya-wei , Chen Ying-Wei , Sun Yi-Hong , Dong Jian-Zeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Recurrence after atrial fibrillation(AF) ablation has many risk factors. the relationship between the recurrence rate after ablation and IR in the non-diabetic patients with AF is not clear.MethodsRetrospective cohort study enrolled AF patients without diabetes who underwent ablation between 2018~2019 in the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated and a value of ≥2.69 was defined as insulin resistant(IR). The patients were categaried into two groups: those with HOMA‐IR<2.69 in group 1(n=163); HOMA‐IR≥2.69 in group 2 (n=69). Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to compare the risk of AF recurrence after ablation. The definition of AF recurrence was documented AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 seconds recorded in ECG or 24‐hour Holter monitoring after 3 months blanking period.Results232 AF patients receiving ablation were enrolled and the median age was 59.5±11.3 years . There were 166 cases of paroxysmal AF and 66 cases of persistent AF. Patients with IR (n=69)were more likely to have Dyslipidemia, higher fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin than those in non-IR group. Patients with IR also were more likely to recieve antiarrhythmic drugs before ablation. After a mean follow‐up of 322±85 days, 62(26.7%) patients had documented recurrence of AF. Multivariable analysis showed that HOMA-IR value and left atrial diameter（LAD）were independent risk factors for recurrence after AF ablation (HR: 1.259, 95% CI:1.086~1.460, P=0.002; HR: 1.043, 95% CI:1.005~1.083, P=0.025; respectively).ConclusionsHOMA-IR and LAD are independent risk factors for AF recurrence after ablation in patients without diabetes.
Linc01018 / hsa-mir-182-5p / ADH4 Axis Study on the Role and Mechanism in the Occurrence and Development of Liver Cancer
Authors: Wang Liting , Chen Zhen-yu , Wang Xiao-ling , Zeng Qiu-ling , Jiang Shao-lan , Li Xiao-long 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

To construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis based on the study of molecular oncology, to explore the role and mechanism of this axis in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, so as to provide a new channel for the treatment of liver cancer.
Methods

Using public online databases to establish lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulation network, after which using QPCR and other experimental techniques to verify that this axis is established and the mechanism of participating in the development of liver cancer.
Results

It can be concluded from database mining that the expressions of hsa-miR-182-5p and ADH4 are negatively correlated in hepatocellular carcinoma, and LINC01018 is also negatively correlated hsa-miR-182-5p-ADH4, indicating that LINC01018, hsa-miR-182-5p and ADH4 are strongly correlated. Constitute the regulatory axis to participate in the occurrence and development tendency of tumors. LINC01018 regulates ADH4 to inhibit LIHC cell growth by inhibiting hsa-miR-182-5p, providing a feasible theoretical basis for the treatment of HCC.The regulatory axis may also regulate the occurrence and development tendency in liver cancer by adjusting the expression levels of key proteins and phosphorylation proteins in GO and KEGG signaling pathways.
Conclusions

In this study, it was found that LINC01018/hsa-miR-182-5p/ADH4 ceRNA regulatory axis exists in the human body, and this axis has the possibility of becoming an immune checkpoint inhibitor for liver cancer, which is regarded as a new entry point in the diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer.
Activation of NRF2/FPN1 Pathway Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats by Regulating Iron Homeostasis and Ferroptosis
Authors: tian hao , Xiong Yonghong , Zhang Yi , Leng Yan , Tao Jie , Li Lu , Qiu Zhen , Xia Zhongyuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can further worsen cardiac function in ischemic heart disease, and diabetes can increase susceptibility to myocardial IRI. Disorders of iron metabolism are involved in the pathological mechanisms of the most common diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, coronary artery angioplasty, or heart transplantation. Ferroportin1 (FPN1) is the only protein known to be associated with iron release in mammals and is regulated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) at the transcriptional level, thus playing an important role in iron homeostasis. Therefore, this study tested whether NRF2/FPN1 pathway plays a beneficial role in the treatment of diabetic myocardial IRI and potential detailed mechanism. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of ferroptosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats following myocardial IRI in vivo, and its alteration in glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes injury in vitro. Results Cardiac functional and structural damage was detected by Evans blue/TTC double staining, Echocardiography, HE staining and serological indices, CCK-8 assay and ROS production to measure cardiomyocyte viability and oxidative stress level. Additionally, the changes in cell supernatant levels of Fe2+, SOD, MDA, and mRNA and protein expression of ferroptosis marker proteins confirmed the beneficial effects of the NRF2/FPN1 pathway on diabetic myocardial IRI related to iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Conclusions Overall, we find that iron homeostasis-related ferroptosis plays an important role in aggravating myocardial IRI in diabetic rats, and NRF2/FPN1 pathway-mediated iron homeostasis and ferroptosis might be a promising therapeutic target against myocardial IRI in diabetes.
L-Arginine Alleviates LPS-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Activating SIRT1-AKT-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in C2C12 Myotube Cells
Authors: Zhao Ye , Jiang Qin , Zhang Xuefei , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Dong Xia , Shen Linyuan , Zhang Shunhua , Niu Lili , Chen Lei , Zhang Ming , Jiang Jun , Chen Daiwen , Zhu Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs a highly plasticized tissue, muscle could exert a spontaneous immune behavior in response to external pathogen stimulation. L-arginine (L-Arg) has been reported to possess a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptosis. However, the role of L-Arg in LPS-induced muscle injury and its potential protective mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Arg on the LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro models of well-differentiated C2C12 myotube cells. ResultsIn the present study, we first demonstrated that myotube cells treated with 0.2 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly decreased cell viability. Then, different concentrations of L-Arg (0, 0.5, 2.5, 5 mM)-pretreated myotube cells were exposed to LPS. The results showed that L-Arg treatment significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, L-Arg improved antioxidant-related enzymes’ activities; increased antioxidant ability via Akt-Nrf2 signaling pathway; maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhanced forkhead box protein 3a (FOXO3a) expression, lead to a decrease in the mitochondrial-associated apoptotic proteins. In addition, L-Arg exposure dramatically increased the mRNA and protein expressions of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). The cytoprotective effect of L-Arg was restricted by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, which led to an increase in ROS level, apoptosis rate, and decreased cell MMP. The results also demonstrated that EX527 treatment significantly eliminated the effect of L-Arg on LPS-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. ConclusionsOur findings revealed that L-Arg could be used as a potential nutraceutical in reducing muscle injury via regulating SIRT1-Akt-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a-mitochondria apoptosis signaling pathways.
Assessment of Genetic Gain Trends for Yield in IRRI Rice Varieties in the Philippines Using “era” Trial Studies and Implications for Future Rice Breeding
Authors: Venkatanagappa Shoba , Collard Bertrand C. Y , Gulles Alaine , Islam Mohammad Rafiq , Lopena Vitaliano , Pamplona Alvaro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rice is a staple crop for 3.5 billion people in the world. To meet the challenges of the rice production for food security and demand due to population increase, yield improvement due to a rice variety’s genetic characteristics is imperative. Two studies presented in this paper were undertaken at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines, to assess genetic gains for yield in rice varieties bred over the past 50 years. These studies are called as “Era” studies as the varieties used for trials were released during long and distinct periods. Due to the differences in time periods of studies, varieties and locations, the studies were treated separately so as to not to compromise the data analyses. The studies demonstrated that IRRI developed varieties have achieved genetic gains and levels of genetic gains were dependent on correction or otherwise for maturities. In Study 1, the highest level of genetic gain was 0.70% at about a 23 kg ha-1 annual yield increase when not corrected for maturity followed by a genetic gain of 0.62% when corrected for maturity. In Study 2, the highest level of genetic gain was 0.74% at about a 19 kg ha-1 annual yield increase when corrected for maturity followed by 0.66% genetic gain when not corrected for maturity. Implications for breeding programs are discussed, however, the studies were not intended to compare genetic gains achieved through different breeding methods nor to compare genetic gains achieved using plot trials versus realized genetic gains for crops grown under farmers’ management.
Physiological Changes in Chicken Embryos Inoculated With Drugs and Viruses Highlight the Need for More Standardisation of This Animal Model
Authors: Sommerfeld Simone , Mundim Antonio Vicente , Silva Rogério Reis , Queiroz Jéssica Santos , Rios Maisa Paschoal , Notário Fabiana Oliveira , Medeiros Alessandra Aparecida , Beletti Marcelo Emílio , Franco Rodrigo Rodrigues , Espindola Foued Salmen , Goulart Luiz Ricardo , Fonseca Belchiolina Beatriz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Several works have been developed using the Gallus gallus embryo as an experimental model to study the toxicity of drugs and infections. Studies that seek to standardise the evaluated parameters are needed to better understand and identify the viability of chicken embryos (CE) as an experimental model. Therefore, we sought to verify whether macroscopic, histopathological, blood count, metabolites and/or enzymes changes and oxidative stress in CE of different ages are peculiar to the model. To achieve this goal, in ovo assays were performed injecting a virus (Gammacoronavirus) and two drugs (filgrastim and dexamethasone) that cause known changes in adult chickens and other animals. Results: Embryo response to virus and drug challenges may not occur as expected for adult chickens and even different species. While macroscopic and microscopic damage was visible in the case of viral infections, the white blood cell count and inflammation biomarkers did not change. Filgrastim (FG) testing did not result in the expected effects for CE. On the other hand, with dexamethasone (DX), changes in blood parameters and biomarkers were inherent to the model and depended on the stage of CE development.Conclusions: Our work reinforces the importance of standardization and correct use of the model so that the results of infection, toxicity and pharmacokinetics are recorded.
Linking Theory and Empirics: A General Framework to Model Opinion Formation Processes
Authors: Kozitsin Ivan V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We introduce a minimal opinion formation model, which is quite flexible and can reproduce a broad variety of the existing micro-influence assumptions and models. At the same time, the model can be easily calibrated on real data, upon which it imposes only a few requirements. From this perspective, our model can be considered as a bridge, connecting theoretical studies on opinion formation models and empirical research on social dynamics. We investigate the model analytically by using mean-field approximation and numerically. Our analysis is exemplified by recently reported empirical data drawn from an online social network. We demonstrate that the model calibrated on these data may reproduce fragmented and polarizing social systems. Furthermore, we manage to generate an artificial society that features properties quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those observed empirically at the macro scale. This ability became possible after we had advanced the model with two important communication features: selectivity and personalization algorithms.
Minimum of Two-Year Follow-up After Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy on Lumbar Disc Herniation: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Yue Lei , Chen Hao , Mu Guanzhang , Li Bingxu , Fu Haoyong , Sun Haolin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) is a widely-used minimally invasive technique in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH), our aim was to investigate the long-term effect of PETD on clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of LDH patients.Methods This is a retrospective case series to assess patients who underwent single level PETD from January 2015 to June 2019 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Clinical outcomes included numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and adverse events. Radiographic parameters included sagittal spine geometry, characteristics of protrusion, and degeneration grading of intervertebral disc and facet joint. Sensitivity analysis and risk factor analysis were also performed.Results Thirty-eight patients (43.16 ± 13.32 years; M: F = 20: 18) were assessed. During the follow-up period (33.47±12.53 months), the mean disc height decreased from 10.27 ± 1.92 mm to 8.95 ± 1.74 mm (P=0.000), and lumbar lordosis increased from 31.31 ± 8.63° to 35.07 ± 8.07° (P=0.002). The size of protrusion significantly decreased after PETD (P=0.000). Disc degeneration grading was generally higher at last follow-up compared with baseline (p=0.002). Compared with baseline, significant improvements were observed on NRS and ODI at 3-months follow-up and the last follow-up. On risk factor analysis, facet tropism was correlated with radiographic recurrence of disc herniation (OR=6.00 [95% confidential interval (CI)1.176-30.624], p=0.031).Conclusions This study demonstrates that at long-term follow-up, despite the good clinical results, the PETD resulted in significant aggravation of intervertebral disc degeneration.
A Vector-agent Approach to (Spatiotemporal) Movement Modelling and Reasoning
Authors: Rahimi Saeed , Moore Antoni B. , Whigham Peter A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Modelling a complex system of autonomous individuals moving through space and time essentially entails understanding the (heterogeneous) spatiotemporal context, interactions with other individuals, their internal states and making any underlying causal interrelationships explicit, a task for which agents (including vector-agents) are specifically well-suited. Building on a conceptual model of agent space-time and reasoning behaviour, a design guideline for an implemented vector-agent model is presented in this article as an example. The movement of football players was chosen as it is appropriately constrained in possible space, time and individual actions. Sensitivity-variability analysis was applied to measure the performance of different configurations of system components on the emergent movement patterns. The model output varied more when the condition of the contextual actors (players’ role-areas) were manipulated. In conclusion, ABMs can contribute to our understanding of movement and how causally-relevant evidence could be produced, through a proposed agent equipped with active causal knowledge.
The Dielectric Properties and Thermal Conductivities of Epoxy Composites Reinforced by Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Jia Yuan , Yang Juxiang , Dong Weijie , Li Beibei , Liu Zhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To improve the dielectric properties and thermal conductivities of epoxy resins (EP), titanium dioxide superfine powders with microspheres structure (S-TiO2) were prepared via a hydrothermal process based on the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydroxyl silicate. The different content of S-TiO2 was then employed as modifiers to add into EP resin to prepare the S-TiO2/EP composites. The structure and morphology of the prepared S-TiO2 was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and influences of different addition of S-TiO2 on the thermal conductivity of S-TiO2/EP composites are researched, while their dielectric constant and dielectric loss are also studied. The results suggested that the reasonable content of S-TiO2 can endow the S-TiO2/EP composites with higher dielectric constant without excessive increase their dielectric loss even under the high frequency. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of S-TiO2/EP are also be improved, which can be attributed to the good thermal conductivity of S-TiO2 itself and the thermal conductivity path formed by S-TiO2 inside the EP matrix.
GM-CSF Impairs Erythropoiesis by Disrupting Erythroblastic Island Formation via Macrophages
Authors: Cao Weijie , Fan Wenjuan , Wang Fang , Zhang Yinyin , Wu Guanghua , Shi Xiaojing , Shi Jianxiang , Gao Fengcai , Yan Meimei , Guo Rong , Li Yingmei , Li Wei , Du Chunyan , Jiang Zhongxing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anemia is a significant complication of chronic inflammation and may be related to dysregulated activities among erythroblastic island (EBI) macrophages. GM-CSF was reported to be upregulated and attracted as a therapeutic target in many inflammatory diseases. Among EBIs, we found that the GM-CSF receptor is preferentially and highly expressed among EBI macrophages but not among erythroblasts. GM-CSF treatment significantly decreases human EBI formation in vitro by decreasing the adhesion molecule expression of CD163. RNA-sequence analysis suggests that GM-CSF treatment impairs the supporting function of human EBI macrophages during erythropoiesis. GM-CSF treatment also polarizes human EBI macrophages from M2-like type to M1-like type. In addition, GM-CSF decreases mouse bone marrow (BM) erythroblasts as well as EBI macrophages, leading to a reduction in EBI numbers. In defining the molecular mechanism at work, we found that GM-CSF treatment significantly decreases the adhesion molecule expression of CD163 and Vcam1 in vivo. Importantly, GM-CSF treatment also decreases the phagocytosis rate of EBI macrophages in mouse BM as well as decreases the expression of the engulfment-related molecules Mertk, Axl, and Timd4. In addition, GM-CSF treatment polarizes mouse BM EBI macrophages from M2-like type to M1-like type. Thus, we document that GM-CSF impairs EBI formation in mice and humans. Our findings support that targeting GM-CSF or reprogramming EBI macrophages might be a novel strategy to treat anemia resulting from inflammatory diseases.
Occupational Related Shoulder and Neck Pain Among Working Population of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Dammu Yohannes Mulugeta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a significant public health concern and are one of the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years and reducing quality of life. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide the country-wide prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly shoulder and neck pain, in Ethiopia.Methods: This study considered studies conducted in Ethiopia, written in English and published in 2017-2020 and searched using included electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Embase, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online database. The quality assessment of the studies was done using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment tools to determine the relevance of each included article to the study.Results: The study found that the pooled prevalence of shoulder and neck pain in the previous year represented 37.9% [95% CI:26.5, 50.8%] and 29.9% [95% CI: 20.1, 41.9], respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of shoulder pain in the last year based on the study population, publication year and study region was 47.6% [95% CI: 45.8, 49.4%], 49.8% [95% CI: 45.7, 53.9%] and 44.6% [95% CI: 41.4, 47.8%], respectively, while the pooled prevalence of neck pain in the last year based on the study population, publication year and study area was 39.1% (95% CI: 37.5, 40.7%], 25.1% [ 95% CI: 20.8, 29.9%] and 32.6% [95% CI: 29.8, 35.5%], respectively.Conclusions This study found that at least one third of the study participants had experienced occupational-related shoulder and/or neck pain the previous year. The study suggests that there is a need to implement occupational health and safety to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders and other hazards.