bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT and MRI characteristics of presumptive hypervitaminosis A in a cat
Authors: Yu Yoshihiko , Sugiyama Atsushi , Kuniya Takashi , Hasegawa Daisuke 
Published: March 2021

Case summary A rescued stray cat with an unknown history was examined for non-ambulatory paraparesis in the hindlimbs. Survey radiographs revealed typical findings of hypervitaminosis A, characterised by vertebral exostoses and extensive osteophytes, mainly in the cervicothoracic spine. CT findings were consistent with the radiographic findings, and CT-based volume rendering and virtual endoscopy into the vertebral canal were created for three-dimensional visualisation of the lesion. MRI revealed a focal and mild dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord. Although the clinical diagnosis of hypervitaminosis A is based on an unusual dietary history and characteristic radiographic findings, the history of this cat was unknown and serum concentrations of vitamin A were unremarkable, when measured >1 month after rescue. However, other possible differential diagnoses were thought to be unlikely and clinical signs never worsened, and thus, hypervitaminosis A was presumed. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report to present the CT and MRI characteristics of a cat with suspected hypervitaminosis A.
Introducing Family Medicine Clerkship to Medical Students’ Curriculum at a Saudi Medical University: An Impact Study
Authors: Al Shammari Malak A. , Al Shamlan Nouf A. , Darwish Magdy A. , Sebiany Abdelaziz M. , Sabra Amr A. , Al Almaie Sameeh M. 
Published: March 2021

Background Family Medicine was introduced as a major undergraduate clinical rotation in 2016 after the medical college at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University revised its curriculum. Objective Assessing how students’ medical knowledge has improved post Family Medicine introduction to the revised medical school curriculum. Study Design This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study among fifth year clinical medical students (n = 219). A pretest and post-test was distributed to all fifth year clinical medical students voluntarily during the period of October 2017 to May 2018. They were asked to rate the exam as well. Results The mean exam grades were 25.52 (SD = 4.44) and 34.16 (SD = 5.76) for pre-rotation and post-rotation, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between post and pre rotation exam grade for the overall sample ( t (218) = 23.73, P < .0001) indicating that students had a statistically significantly higher exam grades post-rotation (M = 34.16, SD = 5.76) than pre-rotation (M = 25.52, SD = 4.44). Females had a statistically significantly larger difference in post-rotation and pre-rotation exam grade than males indicating that they improved more in the post rotation exam. It was found that nearly 60% (59.36%) of subjects considered the exam difficult before the rotation; however, only around 40% (40.18%) considered the exam difficult after the rotation. Conclusion Students benefited after taking the course of family medicine. This helps in advocating for both the importance of this specialty and for the university’s decision in incorporating family medicine as a major clinical rotation for undergraduates.
International Capital Flows When Safe Assets Scarcity Matters
Authors: Hung Ly Dai , Hoan Nguyen Thi Thuy 
Published: March 2021

In an open multi-country economy, the safe assets supply shapes the pattern of international capital flows. A higher productivity growth rate raises the net capital inflows for economies with abundant safe assets, but reduces the net capital inflows for economies with scarce safe assets. The cross-section analysis on a sample of 170 economies over 1980–2013 confirms the theory. The evidence is robust for instrument-variable (IV) analysis method. JEL Classifications: F15, F36, F43
Lower Failure Rates and Improved Patient Outcome Due to Reconstruction of the MCL and Revision ACL Reconstruction in Chronic Medial Knee Instability
Authors: Alm Lena , Drenck Tobias Claus , Frings Jannik , Krause Matthias , Korthaus Alexander , Krukenberg Anna , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Akoto Ralph 
Published: March 2021

Background: Concomitant lesion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is associated with a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare two medial stabilization techniques in patients with revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and concomitant chronic medial knee instability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: In a retrospective study, we included 53 patients with revision ACLR and chronic grade 2 medial knee instability to compare medial surgical techniques (MCL reconstruction [n = 17] vs repair [n = 36]). Postoperative failure of the revision ACLR (primary aim) was defined as side-to-side difference in Rolimeter testing ≥5 mm or pivot-shift grade ≥2. Clinical parameters and postoperative functional scores (secondary aim) were evaluated with a mean ± SD follow-up of 28.8 ± 9 months (range, 24-69 months). Results: Revision ACLR was performed in 53 patients with additional grade 2 medial instability (men, n = 33; women, n = 20; mean age, 31.3 ± 12 years). Failure occurred in 5.9% (n = 1) in the MCL reconstruction group, whereas 36.1% (n = 13) of patients with MCL repair showed a failed revision ACLR ( P = .02). In the postoperative assessment, the anterior side-to-side difference in Rolimeter testing was significantly reduced (1.5 ± 1.9 mm vs 2.9 ± 2.3 mm; P = .037), and medial knee instability occurred significantly less (18% vs 50%; P = .025) in the MCL reconstruction group than in the MCL repair group. In the logistic regression, patients showed a 9-times elevated risk of failure when an MCL repair was performed ( P = .043). Patient-reported outcomes were increased in the MCL reconstruction group as compared with MCL repair, but only the Lysholm score showed a significant difference (Tegner, 5.6 ± 1.9 vs 5.3 ± 1.6; International Knee Documentation Committee, 80.3 ± 16.6 vs 73.6 ± 16.4; Lysholm, 82.9 ± 13.6 vs 75.1 ± 21.1 [ P = .047]). Conclusion: MCL reconstruction led to lower failure rates in patients with combined revision ACLR and chronic medial instability as compared with MCL repair. MCL reconstruction was superior to MCL repair, as lower postoperative anterior instability, an increased Lysholm score, and less medial instability were present after revision ACLR. MCL repair was associated with a 9-times greater risk of failure.
Older adults with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML who achieved remission with CPX-351: phase 3 post hoc analyses
Authors: Lin Tara L. , Rizzieri David A. , Ryan Daniel H. , Schiller Gary J. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Hogge Donna E. , Solomon Scott R. , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Ryan Robert J. , Faderl Stefan , Cortes Jorge E. , Lancet Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin/cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed, therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). In a pivotal phase 3 study, patients aged 60 to 75 years with newly diagnosed, high-risk/secondary AML were randomized to receive CPX-351 or conventional 7+3 chemotherapy. In the primary endpoint analysis, CPX-351 demonstrated significantly prolonged median overall survival (OS) vs 7+3. These exploratory post hoc subgroup analyses evaluated the impact of achieving complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete neutrophil or platelet recovery (CRi) with CPX-351 (73/153 [48%]) vs conventional 7+3 (52/56 [33%]) on outcomes. CPX-351 improved median OS vs 7+3 in patients who achieved CR or CRi (25.43 vs 10.41 months; hazard ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.31, 0.77). Improved median OS was seen across AML subtypes (t-AML, AML-MRC), age subgroups (60 to 69 vs 70 to 75 years), patients with prior hypomethylating agent exposure, and patients who did not undergo transplantation. Patients who achieved CR or CRi with CPX-351 also had a higher rate of transplantation, a longer median OS landmarked from the date of transplantation (not reached vs 11.65 months; hazard ratio = 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.21, 0.89), and a safety profile that was consistent with the known safety profile of 7+3. These results suggest deeper remissions may be achieved with CPX-351, leading to improved OS. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01696084.
Regression patterns of uveal melanoma after iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy
Authors: Fang Rui , Wang Heng , Li Yang , Liu Yue-Ming , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Tumor regression of uveal melanomas (UMs) after radiotherapy has been reported as a valuable prognostic factor for metastasis and metastatic death. But its effect on prognosis is questionable. The purpose of this study was to summarize the regression features of uveal melanoma after iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy and the relationship with prognosis.

Methods
Adult uveal melanoma patients who only received iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy between December 2009 and March 2018 at the Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled in this study. The regression rate was calculated as the percent change in tumor height, and each eye was classified for four main regression patterns: Decrease (D), Stable (S), Others (O), and Increase (I), according to the trend of height change. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
A total of 139 patients was included in the study. The median follow-up was 35 months. Regression patterns status was pattern D in 65 tumors (46.8%), pattern S in 50 tumors (36.0%), pattern O in 6 tumors (4.3%), and pattern I in 18 tumors (12.9%). Reductions of tumor mean height for each follow-up visit were 5.26% (3 months), 10.66% (6 months), 9.37% (12 months), and 14.68% (18 months). A comparison (D vs. S vs. O vs. I) revealed the preoperative height of pattern I was significantly lower than the pattern D, S and O (mean: 7.24 vs. 7.30 vs. 6.77 vs. 5.09 mm, respectively; P = 0.037). LBD (largest basal diameter) was strongly associated with the metastasis (P = 0.03). However, an association between the tumor regression and subsequent melanoma-related metastasis and mortality could not be confirmed (P = 0.66 and P = 0.27, respectively). The tumor regression rate increased with increasing tumor height (P = 0.04) and decreased with increasing of LBD (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Our study showed a lack of association between the prognosis and the regression of uveal melanomas following I-125 plaque radiotherapy. The LBD and original height of the tumor have predictive value in tumor regression rate, and LBD was positively associated with metastasis.
Anti-influenza A virus activity of two Newtonia species and the isolated compound myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside
Authors: Motlhatlego Katlego E. , Mehrbod Parvaneh , Fotouhi Fatemeh , Abdalla Muna Ali , Eloff Jacobus N. , McGaw Lyndy J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Some viruses play a key role in the disturbance of the digestive system. The common viruses which cause infectious diarrhoea (gastroenteritis) include astrovirus, caliciviruses, coronavirus and torovirus which are single-stranded RNA viruses. Influenza A virus (H1N1) also causes diarrhoea in addition to being associated with respiratory symptoms. In preliminary studies, Newtonia hildebrandtii and N. buchananii leaf extracts had good antibacterial activity against some bacteria implicated in causing diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-influenza activity of two Newtonia species extracts and the isolated compound (myricitrin).

Methods
N. hildebrandtii and N. buchananii acetone, and MeOH: DCM (methanol-dichloromethane) leaf and stem extracts, and an antibacterial compound myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside (myricitrin), isolated from N. buchananii, were evaluated for their antiviral efficacy against influenza A virus (IAV) PR8/34/H1N1 as a model organism. The MTT and hemagglutination assays were used to assess the extracts and compound interference with cell viability and viral surface HA glycoprotein. The quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess the viral load.

Results
Plant extracts of N. hildebrandtii and N. buchananii were effective against IAV. The extracts in combination with H1N1 showed highly significant antiviral activity (P < 0.01) and maintained cell viabilities (P < 0.05). Myricitrin was non-cytotoxic at concentration 104 μg/ml. Myricitrin was most effective against IAV in a co-penetration combined treatment, thereby confirming the inhibitory effect of this compound in the viral attachment and entry stages. Myricitrin treatment also resulted in the highest viability of the cells in co-penetration treatment. The activity of myricitrin indicates the potential of the extracts in controlling viral infection at the attachment stage. The antiviral effect of myricitrin on IAV load in MDCK cell culture was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR.

Conclusion
Data from this study support further research and development on Newtonia hildebrandtii, Newtonia buchananii and myricitrin to address diarrhoea and related conditions caused by viruses in both human and veterinary medicine. Further work needs to be conducted on the activity of the extracts and the purified compound on other viruses of importance which have similar symptoms to influenza virus such as the coronavirus which led to a recent global pandemic.
Maternal healthcare utilization and full immunization coverage among 12–23 months children in Benin: a cross sectional study using population-based data
Authors: Budu Eugene , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Armah-Ansah Ebenezer Kwesi , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Hormenu Thomas , Hagan John Elvis , Adu Collins , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Maternal and child health are important issues for global health policy, and the past three decades have seen a significant progress in maternal and child healthcare worldwide. Immunization is a critical, efficient, and cost-effective public health intervention for newborns. However, studies on these health-promoting indicators in low-income and middle-income countries, especially in sub-Sahara Africa are sparse. We investigated the association between maternal healthcare utilization and complete vaccination in the Republic of Benin.

Methods
We analysed data from the 2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Specifically, the children’s recode file was used for the study. The outcome variable used was complete vaccination. Number of antenatal care visits, assistance during delivery, and postnatal check-up visits were the key explanatory variables. Bivariate and multilevel logistic regression analyses were carried out. The results were presented as unadjusted odds ratios (uOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) signifying their level of precision. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of full immunization coverage in Benin was 85.4%. The likelihood of full immunization was lower among children whose mothers had no antenatal care visits, compared to those whose mothers had 1–3 visits [aOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08–0.15], those who got assistance from Traditional Birth Attendants/other during delivery, compared to those who had assistance from Skilled Birth Attendants/health professionals [aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40–0.77], and mothers who had no postnatal care check-up visit, compared to those who had postnatal care check-up < 24 h after delivery [aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36–0.67]. With the covariates, religion, partner’s level of education, parity, wealth quintile, and place of residence also showed significant associations with full immunization.

Conclusion
The study has demonstrated strong association between full immunization and antenatal care, skilled attendance at birth, and postnatal care check-up visit. We found that full immunization decreases among women with no antenatal care visits, those who receive assistance from Traditional Birth Attendants during delivery, and those who do not go for postnatal care visits. To help achieve full immunization, it is prudent that the government of Benin collaborates with international organisations such as WHO and UNICEF to provide education to pregnant women on the importance of immunization after delivery. Such education can be embedded in the antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care services offered to pregnant women during pregnancy, delivery, and after delivery.
Human coronaviruses and therapeutic drug discovery
Authors: Song Lan-Gui , Xie Qing-Xing , Lao Hui-Lin , Lv Zhi-Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are distributed worldwide and have various susceptible hosts; CoVs infecting humans are called human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Although HCoV-specific drugs are still lacking, many potent targets for drug discovery are being explored, and many vigorously designed clinical trials are being carried out in an orderly manner. The aim of this review was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current status of drug development against HCoVs, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Main text
A scoping review was conducted by electronically searching research studies, reviews, and clinical trials in PubMed and the CNKI. Studies on HCoVs and therapeutic drug discovery published between January 2000 and October 2020 and in English or Chinese were included, and the information was summarized. Of the 3248 studies identified, 159 publication were finally included. Advances in drug development against HCoV, especially SARS-CoV-2, are summarized under three categories: antiviral drugs aimed at inhibiting the HCoV proliferation process, drugs acting on the host's immune system, and drugs derived from plants with potent activity. Furthermore, clinical trials of drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 are summarized.

Conclusions
During the spread of COVID-19 outbreak, great efforts have been made in therapeutic drug discovery against the virus, although the pharmacological effects and adverse reactions of some drugs under study are still unclear. However, well-designed high-quality studies are needed to further study the effectiveness and safety of these potential drugs so as to provide valid recommendations for better control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A flexible multivariate model for high-dimensional correlated count data
Authors: Knudson Alexander D. , Kozubowski Tomasz J. , Panorska Anna K. , Schissler A. Grant 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a flexible multivariate stochastic model for over-dispersed count data. Our methodology is built upon mixed Poisson random vectors (Y1,…,Yd), where the {Yi} are conditionally independent Poisson random variables. The stochastic rates of the {Yi} are multivariate distributions with arbitrary non-negative margins linked by a copula function. We present basic properties of these mixed Poisson multivariate distributions and provide several examples. A particular case with geometric and negative binomial marginal distributions is studied in detail. We illustrate an application of our model by conducting a high-dimensional simulation motivated by RNA-sequencing data.
A reassessment about included studies and certainty of evidence on a systematic review and meta-analysis of steroid for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Yoshihiro Shodai , Taito Shunsuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe comment on the study by Hirano et al. about the effect of steroids in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It might be necessary to include only the existing randomized control trials and to reassess the certainty of evidence about the primary outcomes.
The microbiome of the Black Sea water column analyzed by shotgun and genome centric metagenomics
Authors: Cabello-Yeves Pedro J. , Callieri Cristiana , Picazo Antonio , Mehrshad Maliheh , Haro-Moreno Jose M. , Roda-Garcia Juan J. , Dzhembekova Nina , Slabakova Violeta , Slabakova Nataliya , Moncheva Snejana , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The Black Sea is the largest brackish water body in the world, although it is connected to the Mediterranean Sea and presents an upper water layer similar to some regions of the former, albeit with lower salinity and temperature. Despite its well-known hydrology and physicochemical features, this enormous water mass remains poorly studied at the microbial genomics level.

Results
We have sampled its different water masses and analyzed the microbiome by shotgun and genome-resolved metagenomics, generating a large number of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from them. We found various similarities with previously described Black Sea metagenomic datasets, that show remarkable stability in its microbiome. Our datasets are also comparable to other marine anoxic water columns like the Cariaco Basin. The oxic zone resembles to standard marine (e.g. Mediterranean) photic zones, with Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus but a conspicuously absent Prochlorococcus), and photoheterotrophs domination (largely again with marine relatives). The chemocline presents very different characteristics from the oxic surface with many examples of chemolithotrophic metabolism (Thioglobus) and facultatively anaerobic microbes. The euxinic anaerobic zone presents, as expected, features in common with the bottom of meromictic lakes with a massive dominance of sulfate reduction as energy-generating metabolism, a few (but detectable) methanogenesis marker genes, and a large number of “dark matter” streamlined genomes of largely unpredictable ecology.

Conclusions
The Black Sea oxic zone presents many similarities to the global ocean while the redoxcline and euxinic water masses have similarities to other similar aquatic environments of marine (Cariaco Basin or other Black Sea regions) or freshwater (meromictic monimolimnion strata) origin. The MAG collection represents very well the different types of metabolisms expected in this kind of environment. We are adding critical information about this unique and important ecosystem and its microbiome.
Pre-emptive quadratus lumborum block for laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Omran Ahmed S. , KamalELDin Doaa M. , Nofal Walid H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic bariatric surgeries in morbidly obese patients have shown a steep rise recently. Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has been used to decrease pain in various kinds of surgeries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of pre-emptive QLB to decrease intra- and postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

Results
Intraoperative HR and MAP were significantly lower in the QLB group starting 20 min after block initiation. Intraoperative additional fentanyl requirements, postoperative NRS scores at rest and with movement, nausea and vomiting and the consumption of rescue analgesia were also significantly lower in the QLB group for 12 h. Early ambulation was recorded in the QLB group.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that bilateral posterior QLB reduced intra- and postoperative pain during laparoscopic bariatric surgeries and decreased opioid requirements and side effects.