bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Sentinel Laboratory Performance: Identification and Notification of Bioterrorism Agents
Authors: Wagar Elizabeth A. , Mitchell Michael J. , Carroll Karen C. , Beavis Kathleen G. , Petti Cathy Anne , Schlaberg Robert , Yasin Bushra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The anthrax incident of 2001 in the United States prompted the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the Association of Public Health Laboratories, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop exercises for Laboratory Response Network (LRN) sentinel laboratories.
Objective.—To provide an overview of the results of the CAP bioterrorism Laboratory Preparedness Survey (LPS, 2007) and Laboratory Preparedness Exercise (LPX, 2008) and assist LRN sentinel laboratories and public health agencies in planning for bioterrorism events.
Design.—Bioterrorism agents and nonbiothreat mimic organisms were provided in 2 mailings per year (2007 and 2008, 20 total challenges). Within each mailing, 2 to 3 agents were category A or category B bioterrorism agents (total of 10 categoric challenges). Some category A/B isolates were modified/vaccine strains. The total number of laboratories participating in these exercises ranged from 1316 to 1381. Isolate characteristics used to identify the organisms were compiled along with the participants' reporting actions. Educational commentary was provided with each exercise.
Results.—Acceptable identification responses were as follows: Bacillus anthracis, 90% (2007) and 99.9% (2008); Yersinia pestis, 83.8% (2007) and 87.6% (2008); and Francisella tularensis subsp Holarctica, 86.6% (2007) and 91.6% (2008). The time interval between specimen receipt and notification of results to an LRN reference laboratory decreased from more than 10 days in 2007 to 3 or 4 days in 2008 for some challenges.
Conclusions.—The bioterrorism challenge program (LPS, LPX) provides important comparative data from more than 1300 sentinel laboratories that can be used by individual laboratories to evaluate their identification and LRN reporting performance.
Definition of the Esophagogastric Junction: A Critical Mini Review
Authors: Huang Qin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Accurate diagnosis of diseases involving the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is challenging because of difficulty in defining the EGJ endoscopically and histologically. Recent research results have redefined the EGJ, and the endoscopic and histologic diagnostic criteria of the mucosal EGJ have become available.
Objective.—To review the recent literature on endoscopy, histology, and pathology of the EGJ with critical analysis.
Data Sources.—Recently published research articles and guidelines in the peer-reviewed core journals and personal research results in this field.
Conclusions.—At present, the mucosal EGJ can be defined endoscopically as the distal ends of esophageal longitudinal vessels that meet the proximal ends of gastric longitudinal mucosal folds. However, histologic validation of this criterion is needed. The histologic criteria of the EGJ include the distal ends of esophageal squamous mucosa, deep esophageal glands or ducts, or multilayered epithelium. The squamocolumnar junction is not a reliable landmark of the EGJ in patients with diseases involving the EGJ, such as hiatal hernias.
A Fatal Central Nervous System Enterovirus 68 Infection
Authors: Kreuter Justin D. , Barnes Arti , McCarthy James E. , Schwartzman Joseph D. , Oberste M. Steven , Rhodes C. Harker , Modlin John F. , Wright Peter F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe anticipated eradication of poliovirus emphasizes the need to identify other enteroviral causes of severe central nervous system disease. Enterovirus 68 has been implicated only in cases of respiratory illness. We therefore report a case of fatal meningomyeloencephalitis caused by enterovirus 68 in a 5-year-old boy, which required neuropathology, microbiology, and molecular techniques to diagnose.
A Comprehensive Analysis of a Web-Based Dermatopathology Second Opinion Consultation Practice
Authors: Zembowicz Artur , Ahmad Adeel , Lyle Stephen R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Sharing cases and seeking second opinion consultations is an important part of everyday pathology practice. Internet-based communications and upcoming digital slide technologies have the potential to decrease barriers and open access to the best expertise. We recently developed a dedicated Web-based process for communication with outside practices seeking second opinion consultations. The software allowed us to collect data about the current needs and use of a second opinion consultation practice, a topic that has not been addressed in research studies thus far.
Objective.—To analyze the needs for and performance of a Web-based second opinion consultation practice in dermatopathology.
Design.—We performed a retrospective analysis on paper and digital records.
Results.—The average turn-around time from the time of biopsy to the time the report was issued was 7 days. Eighty-two percent of cases were reported the same day they were received. Biopsies of melanocytic lesions, inflammatory dermatoses, and squamous lesions comprised 82% of consultations. Among the remaining cases, soft tissue tumors, adnexal neoplasms, alopecia, and nonmelanoma nonsquamous lesions were the most common diagnoses. In 69% of cases, the outside report contained information about the diagnosis favored by the submitting pathologists. In 5%, there was a significant change in the diagnosis.
Conclusions.—Web-based communication facilitates rapid turn-around time and reduces costs and barriers to second opinion consultation.
Total Colonic Aganglionosis: Case Report, Practical Diagnostic Approach and Pitfalls
Authors: Rabah Raja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hirschsprung disease remains a challenging diagnosis for many pathologists. The disease is characterized by a lack of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexus, associated with increased numbers of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers. Hypertrophic nerve fibers are present in most but not all patients. Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is an uncommon form of Hirschsprung disease with clinical, histologic, and genetic differences and is even more difficult to diagnose and manage. This case illustrates some of the difficulties frequently faced by the pathologists dealing with total colonic aganglionosis. Suction rectal biopsy specimens often lack significant nerve hypertrophy and positive acetylcholinesterase staining, which aid in the diagnosis. Pathologists have to depend mainly on the lack of ganglion cells in adequate submucosa to establish the diagnosis. Transition zone is often long in total colonic aganglionosis and interpretation of frozen sections can be difficult. The presence of several uniformly distributed clusters of mature ganglion cells and lack of nerve hypertrophy are required to avoid connections at the transition zone.
The Use of Computerized Provider Order Entry to Improve the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Coagulation Testing
Authors: Georgiou Andrew , Lang Stephen , Rosenfeld David , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Effective pathology services require timely communication of patient-related information between the laboratory and clinicians. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system on the frequency with which clinicians notify the Hematology Laboratory of details on heparin or warfarin treatments when ordering activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or the prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). Although information about the total number of patients on warfarin or heparin was unavailable, it was possible to ascertain that the percentage of abnormal results for each year ranged from 39% in 2005 to 45%, 40%, and 38% in the years 2006 to 2008. The proportion of order requests that reported whether patients were on warfarin or heparin increased from 3% of the aPTT tests (253 of 8307) and 1.9% of the PT and INR requests (161 of 8433) in August through September 2005 (before the CPOE was implemented) to 3.9% (393 of 9990; P &lt; .001) and 2.6% (282 of 10814; P  =  .009), respectively, in August through September 2008 (after CPOE implementation). During that period (2005–2008), the median turnaround time for the laboratory decreased from 28 to 21 minutes for the PT and INR test results (P &lt; .001) and from 34 to 23 minutes for the aPTT test results (P &lt; .001). The results show that CPOE and decision-support systems can enhance laboratory efficiency and improve its contribution to effective patient care.
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Primary Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Nosé Vania , Ezzat Shereen , Horvath Eva , Kovacs Kalman , Laws Edward R. , Lloyd Ricardo , Lopes M. Beatriz S. , Asa Sylvia L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In an effort to improve the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, we propose a synoptic approach to pituitary pathology reporting that will provide clear information to endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and surgical pathologists to advance the diagnosis and classification of pituitary adenomas.
Molecular Diagnostics of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bedeir Ahmed , Krasinskas Alyssa M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Of all gastrointestinal tract epithelial malignancies, molecular diagnostics has impacted colorectal cancer the most. Molecular testing can detect sporadic and inherited colorectal cancers that arise through the microsatellite instability pathway and can determine the efficacy of targeted drug therapy.
Objectives.—To review the microsatellite instability pathway of colorectal carcinoma carcinogenesis and to demonstrate the diagnostic utility of molecular testing in the detection of patients with Lynch syndrome, an inherited disorder of this pathway. Also, to review the significance of detection of KRAS and BRAF gene mutations in predicting the response to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapies.
Data Sources.—This article is based on original publications and review articles that are accessible through the PubMed biomedical database (US National Library of Medicine).
Conclusions.—In modern pathology practice, molecular testing is a standard tool that is used to diagnose an inherited colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome (Lynch syndrome) and to help predict outcome and response to therapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Molecular Diagnostics of Thyroid Tumors
Authors: Nikiforov Yuri E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and its incidence is steadily increasing. Papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are the most common types of thyroid cancer and represent those tumor types for which use of molecular markers for diagnosis and prognostication is of high clinical significance.
Objective.—To review the most common molecular alterations in thyroid cancer and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.
Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine)–available review articles, peer-reviewed original articles, and experience of the author.
Conclusions.—The most common molecular alterations in thyroid cancer include BRAF and RAS point mutations and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements. These nonoverlapping genetic alterations are found in more than 70% of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. These molecular alterations can be detected in surgically resected samples and fine-needle aspiration samples from thyroid nodules and can be of significant diagnostic use. The diagnostic role of BRAF mutations has been studied most extensively, and recent studies also demonstrated a significant diagnostic utility of RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARγ mutations, particularly in thyroid fine-needle aspiration samples with indeterminate cytology. In addition to the diagnostic use, BRAF V600E mutation can also be used for tumor prognostication, as this mutation is associated with higher rate of tumor recurrence and tumor-related mortality. The use of these and other emerging molecular markers is expected to improve significantly the accuracy of cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules and allow more individualized surgical and postsurgical management of patients with thyroid cancer.
Lentigo Maligna: Melanoma In Situ on Chronically Sun-Damaged Skin
Authors: Reed Jon A. , Shea Christopher R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Cutaneous primary invasive malignant melanoma often is classified by its histologic appearance. Major recognized histologic subtypes of melanoma include superficial spreading, lentigo maligna melanoma, nodular, and acral lentiginous. More recently, it has been shown that most primary invasive melanomas harbor nonrandom genetic or biochemical aberrations that correlate with anatomic site or with the amount of cutaneous exposure to sunlight. It also is generally accepted that most primary invasive melanomas are preceded by an intraepidermal atypical melanocytic proliferation that lacks invasive capability (melanoma in situ).
Objective.—To focus on lentigo maligna, the preinvasive/in situ form of melanoma located on chronically sun-damaged skin.
Data Sources.—Review of the literature and the authors' personal experiences.
Conclusions.—A better understanding of the earliest stage of melanoma progression, including the contribution of chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation, may lead to improved classification schemes that direct more effective targeted or personalized therapies for patients.
International survey of the utilisation in treatment centers for survivors of torture
Authors: Gueron Laura Janet Pizer , De Ruiter MaryAnn 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Literature about treatment of survivors of torture tends to focus on counseling and primary medical care. There are fewer published articles about the utilization of physiotherapy at treatment centers for survivors of torture and other forms of trauma.
Methods: Lists were compiled of about 169 treatment centers receiving funding from the United National Voluntary Fund, 150 from the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, and another 40 treatment centers in the United States through the National Capacity Building Project. A survey about utilization of physiotherapy at treatment centers for survivors was created which included questions about the utilization of physiotherapy, treatment modalities provided by physiotherapists, other professionals working at the centers, perceived barriers to providing physiotherapy and interest in collaboration as a global physiotherapy community. Surveys were emailed to centers in French, Spanish and/or English.
Results: 87 responses were received, for a response rate of 43% (87 of 200 emails sent). Approximately 30% of centers report that their clients have no access to physiotherapy, with one third of the centers having physiotherapy on staff (in contrast with 85% of survey respondents having psychotherapy/counseling on staff, 73% having social work on staff and 55% primary medicine). About one third of responding torture treatment programs reported being able to refer to physiotherapists outside of their centers. Therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, massage, and group activities and exercises were the most commonly reported treatment modalities provided by physiotherapists. Lack of funds or resources and shortage of physiotherapy personnel were perceived as being the biggest challenges limiting clients’ access to physiotherapy. Twenty-nine of the respondents (33%) were physiotherapists, and of these, 90% reported being interested in collaborative activities with other physiotherapists working with survivor of torture.
Pandemic COVID -19 Stress and its Management to Households in Raipur City, India
Authors: Mishra Saumya 
Published: February 2021

Whole world is affected by Pandemic Covid-19 and it is very critical period for all of us. Due to Pandemic COVID-19, we all got fear and anxiety and result is STRESS, even we can say it is a Pandemic Stress. Impact of Stress in our body is very bad and our physical and mental condition imbalanced. So researcher finds in the paper, that Pandemic stress management in households of Raipur city (CG, India). The data was collected by online questionnaire method, from the 100 respondents of 20-65 year age group, surveyed from Raipur city. The result found by the research that mostly respondents have job stress due to Pandemic covid-19 and affect of this pandemic stress, respondents got mood swings on family members in irritable condition of lockdown period whereas mostly respondents enjoyed lockdown early period as like holiday but increased period of lockdown respondents caused stress due to no movement while and grocery related problem. Respondents got serious effect on mental and physical problem specially due to pandemic. Respondents got fear of covid virus and Headache. Respondents control their stress by spending time with family and respondents learn new things in lockdown period to get rid of from stress. Over all, we found that due to pandemic, respondents got stress by job and they also got some physical and mental problems, but most of the respondents tried to overcome their stress by spending time with family, meditation and learn new things.
Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Economic Heterosis under Different Soil Moisture Regimes at North Eastern Plain Zone of India
Authors: Singamsetti Ashok , Shahi J. P. , Zaidi P. H. , Seetharam K. , Madankar Kartik , Verma J. P. 
Published: February 2021

The present experiment was conducted to understand the effect of soil moisture status on the economic or standard heterosis in fifty maize hybrids for grain yield and flowering traits. The trials were planted at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in alpha-lattice design with two replications. The analysis of variance revealed the significant differences for grain yield and flowering related traits such as days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking and anthesis-silking interval under all the moisture conditions including optimal, managed drought and managed waterlogging conditions. Significant amount of heterosis was observed over the selected check P3502 for all the traits under study; however, the magnitude and direction varied with traits and with soil moisture level. For days to 50% anthesis, hybrids ZH17192, VH112926, VH123021, ZH114250, ZH16929 and ZH16930 were showed significant negative heterosis under all the moisture conditions that explained earliness under both moisture-stress and normal conditions. Among the tested hybrids, VH123021 and ZH16929 were recorded significant negative standard heterosis for flowering traits; and significant positive heterosis for grain yield under all the three moisture conditions. Six hybrids under drought, seven hybrids under optimal and two hybrids under waterlogged condition showed positive standard heterosis for grain yield. Further evaluation of these hybrids at multi-locations and multi-year is advisable to confirm the promising findings observed in our study. This study could be valuable for development of climate-resilient maize hybrids.
Diuretic, Kaliuretic and Anti-Natriuretic Properties of Aqueous Extract of Celosia trigyna L. (Amaranthaceae) on Wistar Rats
Authors: Sawadogo Touwindséda Aimée , Ouedrogo Youssoufou , Belemnaba Lazare , Da Filkpièrè Léonard , Bayala Balé 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the diuretic and electrolyte excretion properties of the aqueous extract of Celosia trigyna L. (Amaranthaceae) on female Wistar rats.
Methodology: The extraction of active principles was done by macerating aerial parts of the plant. The administration of the extract and other products was done by single-dose gavage. Measurements of urinary flow rate (UFR), natriuria, kaliuria and chloruria were taken on urine collected for twenty-four hours after each product was administered. Diuretic activity (DA) and diuretic index (DI), natriuretic and saluretic effects, and carbonic anhydrase inhibition were calculated. A NaCl solution (0.9%) was used as a negative control; furosemide and aldactone were respectively used as hypokalemic and hyperkalemic positive controls.
Results: We observed a significant increase in UFR, confirmed by the values of DA and DI, obtained after the administration of extract. For electrolyte excretion, we observed an increase of the kaliuria (p ˂ 0.001) and a decrease of natriuria (p ˂ 0.001) after the extract was administered; chloruria did not significantly changed. We also found a drastic anti-natriuretic dose-dependent effect while saluretic activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibition were not clearly observable.
Conclusion: These results confirm the ethnobotanical data about diuretic effect of Celosia trigyna L. extract. This diuretic effect would be supported by a specific increase in K+ excretion suggesting that the extract is possibly hypokalemic. The anti-natriuretic effect suggests that extract possess an aldosterone-like properties.
Trends in Beta-Blocker Prescribing in a Public Hospital in Al Saih
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the trends in beta-blocker prescribing in the outpatient setting of a public hospital in Al Saih.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes patient electronic records revision of outpatients Between 1st July and 31th December 2018.
Results: The most commonly prescribed beta-blocker was bisoprolol (79.10%) followed by metoprolol (7.34%) More than half of the patients were less than 60 years old (52.54%). About 55.93% of the patients receiving beta-blockers were male. About 39.55% of the prescribed drugs were prescribed by cardiology department (39.55%) followed by internal medicine department (36.72%).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that beta-blockers were prescribed commonly. More studies are needed to find the prescribing patterns of beta-blockers for treating different indications and to prepare stratified guidelines to treat cardiovascular patients based on their characteristics.