bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Breastfeeding, Child Mortality, and Economic Cost in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pretorius Cianté E. , Asare Hannah , Kruger Herculina S. , Genuneit Jon , Siziba Linda P. , Ricci Cristian 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest under-5 mortality (U5M) rates globally. Emerging evidence revealed that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are significantly associated with a decreased risk for child mortality. Our aim with this study is to fill the gap of knowledge regarding the economic impact of EBF practices in relation to U5M in sub-Saharan African countries.

METHODS:
Data were gathered from the World Bank’s database during the period 2000–2018. A meta-analytical approach was used to evaluate heterogeneity of country estimates and to perform an estimate of the prevalence of EBF and economic cost by country. The association between estimates of U5M and EBF prevalence was estimated and used to perform the total cumulative nonhealth gross domestic product loss (TCNHGDPL) attributable to U5M in 2018 and 2030.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of EBF increased by 1%, and U5M reduced significantly by 3.4 per 1000 children each year during 2000–2018. A U5M reduction of 5.6 per 1000 children could be expected if EBF prevalence improved by 10%. The TCNHGDPL in sub-Saharan Africa had a total value higher than $29 billion in 2018. The cost of U5M is estimated to increase to ∼$42 billion in 2030.

CONCLUSIONS:
If EBF prevalence improve by 10%, the related TCNHGDPL was estimated to be $27 billion in 2018 and $41 billion in 2030, therefore saving ∼$1 billion. Sub-Saharan Africa should imperatively prioritize and invest in essential approaches toward EBF implementation.
Thermally activated dislocation mechanism in Mo studied by indentation, compression and impact testing
Authors: Minnert Christian , ur Rehman Hamad , Durst Karsten 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Body-centered cubic metals like molybdenum and tungsten are interesting structural materials for high-temperature applications. These metals, are however, brittle at low homologous temperature, caused by the limited mobility of screw dislocations. In this study, the thermally activated deformation mechanisms in bcc Mo have been investigated using strain rate jump nanoindentation and compression tests as well as Charpy V-notch impact testing. The material shows a significant softening with increasing temperature and a maximum in strain rate sensitivity is found at the critical temperature, before decreasing again in the ductile regime. The activation volume, however, showed a distinct increase from about 5 b3 at the onset of the brittle to ductile transition temperature. Here we propose to use temperature-dependent nanoindentation strain rate jump testing and the activation volume as a complementary approach to provide some indication of the brittle to ductile transition temperature of bcc metals.

Graphic Abstract
Miedo al delito en jóvenes mexicanos
Authors: Reyes Sosa Hiram , Álvarez Montero Francisco , Puente Martínez Alicia 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: En este artículo se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de miedo al delito de corte psicosocial.
Metodología: Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). La muestra estuvo conformada por 443 estudiantes universitarios del Estado de Sinaloa, México. La edad media de los participantes fue 21.32 años (DT = 2.23).
Resultados: Se exploró mediante dos modelos confirmatorios la estructura teórica del constructo miedo al delito: uno de primer orden y otro de segundo orden. La escala presentó índices satisfactorios de fiabilidad y de bondad de ajuste.
Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman un modelo de segundo orden para la explicación de la construcción psicosocial y polisémica del miedo al delito.
Factores que dificultan la inseminación artificial en ovinos, y su impacto en las tasas de fertilidad, preñez y parto
Authors: Cáceres Bautista Daniela , Mogollón W Edgar Mauricio 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: la creciente importancia de la producción ovina en Colombia, su inventario nacional de 1.578.684, la producción en toneladas de carne/año y el incremento de su consumo per cápita de 350 a 500 gramos por persona/año, demanda intervenciones para mejorar los indicadores reproductivos de la especie, con el apoyo, entre otros, del uso de las biotecnologías reproductivas. Por esto es pertinente identificar los factores que dificultan la inseminación artificial (IA) en ovinos, con el fin de intervenir sobre ellos y contribuir a la mejora de sus indicadores reproductivos y el bienestar de los productores.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura para identificar los principales factores reportados, que dificultan la preñez vía inseminación artificial en ovinos. Para la selección de artículos, se tuvo en cuenta su carácter de acceso abierto, y se consultaron productos de investigación relacionados con los parámetros morfométricos, técnicas que de IA que atraviesan el cérvix (IAV, IAC, IATC) e IA laparoscópica, formas de conservación del semen (fresco, refrigerado y congelado-descongelado) y protocolos de sincronización de celo, que incluyeran dentro de sus resultados tasas de fertilidad, preñez o partos. Se excluyeron artículos escritos en idiomas diferentes al español, portugués e inglés, especies diferentes a la ovina, lo mismo que resultados que no incorporaban protocolos de sincronización, la presentación del semen, el tipo de técnica de IA utilizada, las tasas de fertilidad, preñez o partos.
Resultados: se seleccionaron 44 artículos los cuales cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales 15 se relacionaban con los parámetros morfométricos, formas del orificio cervical y su correlación con la edad, y 29 se relacionaron con las técnicas de IA, los tipos de conservación del semen, protocolos de sincronización y su correlación con las tasas de fertilidad, preñez y partos.
Conclusiones: este trabajo mostró que los principales factores que dificultan la preñez por IA en ovinos son: la edad de los animales, los parámetros morfométricos del cérvix, el tipo de técnica de IA y la presentación del semen.
Városi kormányzás történeti perspektívában? – A dualizmuskori Bécs és Budapest példája
Authors: Hilbert Bálint 
Published: February 2021

A városi kormányzás (urban governance) szemléletmódjának 1970-es években történt meghatározó jellegű fordulópontja óta számos városi esettanulmány látott napvilágot a nemzetközi és hazai geográfia és közigazgatás-tudomány területén. Amellett, hogy a kutatások többsége angolszász (vagy „nyugati”) városokra koncentrál, időben sem igazán tekintenek vissza a modern (polgári) városi kormányzás kialakulásának kezdeteire, csupán a második világháború lezárulta utáni időszakot tekintik a szemléletváltás előzményeként. A 19. századi polgári állami és városi kormányzás jogszabályi alapjainak megteremtése, a demokratizálódási folyamat egy adott város kormányzási rendszerét – államonként eltérő formában – hosszabb időtávra determinálhatta. Az újfajta városi kormányzás kialakulásának és városonként eltérő jellegű megjelenésének megértéséhez szükséges feltárni annak történeti oldalát.
A városi kormányzás történeti aspektusának vizsgálatára az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia két fővárosa egyszerre tűnik kihívásnak, de ugyanakkor kutatási eredmények sokféleségét ígérő kísérletnek is. A Monarchia államjogi és közigazgatási strukturális szempontból is paradoxonnak volt tekinthető, ahol egy egységesnek tekinthető állami térben a két birodalomrész egymástól nagyrészt független közigazgatási szisztémát működtetett. Bécs és Budapest városi kormányzásának vizsgálata ezáltal különösen sokatmondó, amelyeket a tanulmányban a birodalomrészi közigazgatásba ágyazottsága, állami és tartományi felügyelete, valamint belső szervezetrendszerük felépítése és választási rendszere alapján vettem vizsgálat alá. A két főváros kormányzási rendszerének helyenként markáns eltérésből arra következtethetünk, hogy a városi kormányzás történeti perspektívában is igen sokféleképpen jelenhet meg akár egy államon belül is, ami a jelenlegi kutatások számára is hasznos eredményekkel szolgálhat.
A prospective study on prescribing pattern of drugs in geriatric patients in the department of medicine in a tertiary care center
Authors: B. N. Priya Mohan , Jayaram Suma 
Published: February 2021

Background: India stands at 3rd position with large elderly population in the world. Elderly population has special problems related to health, social support, and economic security. Comorbidities in elderly people are frequent, which require use of multiple medications which increases the number of inappropriate medications noncompliance, economic burden, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and drug interactions. The overall incidence of ADR is two to three times higher due to physiological and pharmacological variations. Currently used screening tools for inappropriate prescription in old age are: Beers criteria and inappropriate prescribing in the elderly tool (IPET).Methods: A prospective observational study of elderly patients of either sex admitted in the medicine ward, conducted from May 2019-November 2019. A total of 102 prescriptions were collected and analysed. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel.Results: In this study most of the patients (67 out of 102) were in the age group 65-70 years with male population (73%) dominance. Most of the patient were admitted due to cardiovascular (35.84%) and respiratory system (14.15%) disorder. Anti-diabetics (17.64%) followed by anti-microbials (14.24%) were the most commonly prescribed medicines in this study. Our study revealed poly pharmacy in geriatric patients with an average number of drugs per prescription being 6.07. According to BEER’s criteria 3.47% of total drugs prescribed were inappropriateConclusions: In this study most of the patients had co morbid conditions, cardiovascular disease and diabetes being the common cause led to polypharmacy. A high number of potential prescription errors were found.
Literature review: manifestation of skin lesion on COVID-19
Authors: Firmansyah Yohanes , Tan Sukmawati Tansil , Elizabeth Jessica , Lauren Christopher 
Published: February 2021

<p>New cases of pneumonia, which spread rapidly and are deadly, have spread throughout the world. This disease is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a viral etiology in the form of novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). This disease has extensive clinical manifestations starting from the lungs, hematology system, heart, nerves, reproduction, and the skin. The thing to be aware of is that the skin manifestations in the form of atypical lesions are often found in COVID-19. Common skin manifestations on COVID-19 are erythema-edema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain), vesicular eruption, maculopapular rash, urticaria, and livedo lesion. This literature review discusses comprehensively what kind of skin lesions can be suspected of being part of a COVID-19 infection. This literature review is useful for increasing the awareness of doctors about COVID-19 infection and may help in early diagnose of COVID-19 infection and prevent further transmission.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Human Values In Maqamat Badiuzzaman Al-Hamdani
Authors: Fitriani Laily 
Published: February 2021

Abbasiyah time was a golden period in the era of glory in all fields of science. This time was marked by the development of religious and non-religious sciences, as well as literature. Maqamat art was one type of Abbasiyah prose that experienced rapid development, with Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani as a figure whose maqamat work consist of human values. Maqamat is a short story that contains the events of the main characters narrated by certain narrators. The language style is mostly in the form of 'and badi' and ends with advice.This study purposes to describe the characteristics in Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani’s Maqamat and explain human values in Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani’s Maqamat. Data collection is conducted with documentations and heuristic techniques and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study explain: 1) Five characteristics in Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani’s Maqamat consist of themes, characterizations, plot, background and point of view, and 2) Moral values portrayed in Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani’s Maqamat are human values and justice values. Keywords: Badiuzzaman al-Hamdani’s Maqamat, characteristics, content analysis, moral values
Developing public service knowledge and learning about complex systems: using a community of practice to integrate theory and practice
Authors: Haynes Philip , Darking Mary , Stroud Julia 
Published: February 2021

A Community of Practice Knowledge Exchange (CPKE) comprising of practitioners and academics with an interest in complexity theory was formed. The central activity of the CPKE was an agreement that each would develop a case study that integrated complexity theory and challenges in practice. In the first phase, members agreed definitions of core concepts and used them to describe the systems they were working in. Frequent contact was via a virtual learning environment. This activity was supplemented with face-to-face contact, in the form of half-day workshops. After several months, the CPKE agreed two core pieces of reading to provide a theoretical basis. These were popular because of their applied focus. The CPKE evolved to a second phase. Diverse case studies of practice-based challenges were used to share experiences of complex systems. A key event was the presentation of case studies as complex systems using a shared conceptual language generated by earlier learning. In the final phase, the CPKE considered interventions into the case studies and created and applied a management toolkit to develop approaches to possible management interventions. Through the development of the toolkit, the CPKE became interested in the role of values in a complexity-based practice and how coherent and shared values could aid more informed interventions. The use of complexity theory changed the ontology of management practice by facilitating an understanding and acceptance of uncertainty and that optimal approaches often required a relational and cooperative approach built on shared values, rather than an instrumental and singular management orthodoxy.
LABSOCIAL - DROGAS:UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DIALÓGICA POR MEIO DA EXTENSÃO CURRICULAR NO CURSO DE DIREITO DA UFT
Authors: Alves da Costa Neto Gabriel , Ferreira Amaral Gustavo , Morais Lemos Matheus , Rodrigues Barros Milena Gabriela , Reis Ferreira Patrício , Almeida Cristiane Roque de 
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: Por meio deste trabalho, relatamos a experiência de criação coletiva do projeto de extensão LabSocial – Drogas: experiências dialógicas entre a universidade e a sociedade, no contexto do programa de extensão Centro Regional de Referência sobre Drogas – CRR/UFT/CENTRO-SUL, do Curso de Direito da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT. Destacamos os resultados das primeiras ações do projeto, realizadas durante o ano de 2019 na Escola Estadual Elizângela Glória Cardoso, em Palmas-TO, com adolescentes e jovens do Ensino Médio. A atividade extensionista demonstrou que o laboratório de ideias, na perspectiva do trabalho horizontal e interdisciplinar, é uma estratégia valiosa à abordagem do tema, devendo ser considerada no trabalho com jovens no ambiente escolar, bem como em outros espaços formativos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Diálogo horizontal. Drogas e juventudes. Laboratório de ideias. Prevenção ao uso indevido de drogas.
Interest of a standardized hypnotic message for the reduction of pain and anxiety in cancer patients treated by capsaicin patch for neuropathic pain: A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Etienne Rémi , Laurent Myriam , Henry Aline , Bioy Antoine , Salleron Julia , Huin-Schohn Cécile , Cretineau Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeuropathic pain is characterised by spontaneous painful symptoms. Medical therapies include the use of a capsaicin 8% patch (Qutenza ®, Grünenthal Gmbh, Germany), and patients may experience a sharp burning sensation at application and removal of the patch. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of playing a standardized hypnosis recording during application, on the pain and anxiety induced by capsaicin treatment.MethodsIn a randomized-controlled trial, we assessed the benefits of the intervention firstly on pain and secondly on anxiety, as measured using numerical rating scales. All patients had application of the capsaicin patch, including the possibility for the patient to apply a cold patch. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups, namely the “Standard group” (no intervention), “Hypnosis group”, in which a standardized hypnotic message was played during application, or the “Music group” in which relaxing music was played during application of the patch.ResultsSixty-nine patients were included. Overall, there was no significant difference in pain scores between groups (p = 0.355). Compared to standard application, anxiety was significantly lower in the hypnosis group after application (p = 0.007), with no significant difference between the standard and music arms (p = 0.271), or between the hypnosis and music arms (p = 0.423).ConclusionsListening to a standardized hypnotic message during application of a capsaicin patch was found to significantly lower anxiety. These findings indicate that the use of a hypnotic message can reduce discomfort and warrant its evaluation in other indications of pain or anxiety during treatment procedures.Trial Registration : NCT02822625
COVID-19’s Natural Course Among Ambulatory Monitored Outpatients
Authors: Weinbergerova Barbora , Mayer Jiri , Hrabovsky Stepan , Novakova Zuzana , Pospisil Zdenek , Martykanova Lucie , Hortova Katerina , Mandelova Lucie , Hejduk Karel , Chloupkova Renata , Pospisil Michal , Doubkova Martina , Marek Vladimir , Novotna Renata , Dolecek Martin , Kubesova Hana Matejovska , Brat Kristian , Parizkova Radana , Husa Petr , Mechl Marek , Kral Zdenek , Lengerova Martina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Research objective was to detail COVID-19’s natural trajectory in relation to the Czech population’s viral load.Methods: Our prospective detailed daily questionnaire-based telemonitoring study evaluated COVID-19’s impact among 105 outpatients. In accordance with government quarantine requirements, outpatients were divided into a cohort with two negative tests at the end of the disease (40 patients) and a cohort with a new algorithm (65 patients) following a fourteen-day quarantine.Results: Median follow-up differed significantly between the 2 groups (23 days vs. 16 days). Only 6% of patients were asymptomatic during the entire telemonitoring period. 13% of patients were diagnosed asymptomatic, as suspected contacts, yet later developed symptoms, while the remaining 81% were diagnosed on average 6 days following symptom onset. Telemonitoring enabled precise symptom status chronicling. The most frequently reported complaints were fevers, respiratory issues, and anosmia. Six patients were eventually hospitalized for complications detected early after routine telemonitoring. During the extended follow-up (median 181 days), anosmia persisted in 26% of patients. 79% of patients in the new quarantine algorithm cohort reported no symptoms on day 11 compared to just 56% of patients in the two negative test cohort upon first testing negative (median–19 days). The highest viral load occurred within 0-2 days of initial symptom onset. Both the PCR viral load and two consecutive PCR negative sample realizations indicated high interindividual variability with a surprisingly fluctuating pattern among 43% of patients.Conclusions: No definitive COVID-19 symptoms or set of symptoms excepting anosmia (59%) and/or ageusia (47%) were identified. No preexisting medical conditions specifically foreshadowed disease trajectory in a given patient. Without a PCR negativity requirement for quarantine cessation, patients could exhibit fewer symptoms. Our study therefore highlights the urgent need for routine ambulatory patient telemedicine monitoring, early complication detection, intensive mass education connecting disease demeanor with subsequent swift diagnostics, and, notably, the need to reevaluate and modify quarantine regulations for better control of SARS-CoV-2 proliferation.
Psychometric properties of the Thai Mental Health Literacy Scale in sixth-year medical students
Authors: Sittironnarit Gobhathai , Sri Rungsipohn , Phatharayuttawat Sucheera 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Mental health literacy reduces stigma and the risk of developing mental disorders along with increasing help-seeking behavior. The aim of this study was to translate and study both the psychometric properties of the Thai Mental Health Literacy Scale (TMHLS) and the mental health literacy in sixth-year Thai medical students of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok. Methods: Two-hundred and fifty participants were enrolled using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data and mental health experiences. Inferential statistics were applied to compare sources of mental health experiences. The content validity and reliability by internal consistency of the TMHLS was analyzed by Index of item objective congruence (IOC) obtained from the examination of three experts in mental health field and Cronbach’s Alpha, respectively. Results: The TMHLS had good content validity (IOC=.67-1.0) and good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=.85). The participants’ mean (+S.D.) mental health literacy score was 123.09 (+11.55). Individuals who had a mental health professional as an intimate contact and individuals who had a history of seeking help from mental health professional(s) in person showed significantly higher mental health literacy than those who did not.Conclusions: The TMHLS has good psychometric properties. Dynamic knowledge transfer and exchange with a close mental health professional should be applied to promote mental health literacy in medical students.
Do terms of trade improve export sophistication in Africa? New empirical evidence and transmission channel
Authors: KAMGUIA Brice 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Can gains from international trade allow for a modernization of the export structure in Africa? Answering this question is the main objective of this study. In other words, it is to analyze the impact of terms of trade on export sophistication. The study covers a sample of 46 African countries over the period 2002-2014. Ordinary Least Squares and System GMM estimates show that terms of trade positively affect export sophistication. The result remains robust to the inclusion of additional variables, to the use of economic complexity index as an alternative index of sophistication. Moreover, our results show that the effect differs according to the countries' production structure. Indeed, the export of oil products has no effect on sophistication while the export of goods has a weak effect on the export upgrading. In addition, exports of manufactured goods have a positive and very significant effect on export sophistication. Our analyses allow us to identify two main channels through which terms of trade are likely to influence export sophistication: the channel of productive investment and the channel of exchange rate devaluation.