bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Eclipse Solar Radius by Flash Spectrum Video Analysis
Authors: Quaglia Luca , Irwin John , Emmanouilidis Konstantinos , Pessi Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The value of the eclipse solar radius during the 2017 August 21 total solar eclipse was estimated to be S
⊙ = (959.″95 ± 0.″05) at 1 au with no significant dependence on wavelength. The measurement was obtained from analysis of a video of the eclipse flash spectrum recorded at the southern limit of the umbral shadow path. Our analysis was conducted by extracting light curves from the flash spectrum and comparing them to simulated light curves. The simulations were performed by integrating the limb darkening function over the exposed area of the photosphere. These numerical integrations relied on very precise computations of the relative movement of the lunar and solar limbs.
Lags in Desorption of Lunar Volatiles
Authors: Sarantos M. , Tsavachidis S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations of gas motion inside a granular medium are presented in order to understand the interaction of lunar gases with regolith and improve models for surface-boundary exospheres, a common type of planetary atmosphere. Results demonstrate that current models underestimate the lifetime of weakly bonded adsorbates (e.g., argon) on the surface by not considering the effect of Knudsen diffusion, and suggest that thermal desorption of adsorbates should be modeled as a second-or-higher-order process with respect to adsorbate coverage. An additional discrepancy between present models and outgassing from a realistic porous boundary is found for surface-adsorbate systems containing a distribution of activation energies (e.g., water). In that case, the mobility of adsorbates between desorption events (i.e., surface diffusion), not considered in global models of the exosphere, controls their surface residence time via transitions between sites of low and high binding energy. Without mobility the equatorial surface retains more water over a lunar day because sites of low binding energy are not repopulated by motion along the grain surface when depleted. The effects of Knudsen and surface diffusion apply to other volatile species and help us partly understand why measurements of lunar exosphere constituents appear to indicate stronger bonding of gas with the lunar surface than measured in some laboratory experiments.
Dark Age of Type II Supernova Remnants
Authors: Yasuda Haruo , Lee Shiu-Hang , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are important objects in terms of their connections with supernova (SN) explosion mechanism(s), progenitor stars, and cosmic-ray acceleration. Nonthermal emission from SNRs is an effective probe of the structure of their surrounding circumstellar media (CSM), which can in turn shed lights on the mechanism and history of the elusive mass loss of massive stars. In this work, we calculate the time evolution of broadband nonthermal emission from SNRs originating from Type II SNe embedded in a CSM environment linked to the mass-loss history of the progenitor. Our results predict that Type II SNRs experience a prolonged period of weak radio and γ-ray emission if they run into a spatially extended bubble of low density and high temperature created by the stellar wind during main sequence. For a typical red supergiant progenitor evolved within an average interstellar medium, this “dark age” corresponds to a range of SNR ages spanning from ∼1000 to 5000 yr old. This result suggests that a majority of Type II SNRs are too faint to be detected, which may help explain why the number of known Galactic SNRs is significantly less than what we expect from the SN rate in our Galaxy.
Chez soi en « résidence service » : entre dépendance et indépendance, un témoignage
Authors: Laferrère Lisbeth 
Published: September 2021

En mai 2019, Lisbeth emménage dans une résidence pour personnes âgées. L’idée de l’interroger pour le numéro spécial « Vieillir chez soi » de Gérontologie et société a germé dans l’esprit de sa fille, coordonnatrice du numéro, qui a noté quelques-unes des réflexions échangées pendant plus d’une année. Époque riche en événements ; certains plus ou moins attendus comme le vieillissement, d’autres beaucoup plus imprévisibles comme l’arrivée d’un virus. Peut-on se sentir chez soi en résidence service après 90 ans ? Une année et demie d’expérience permet de dégager quelques éléments importants. On perd une forme d’indépendance devenue impossible voire pesante chez soi, pour gagner une autre forme d’autonomie permise par un logement confortable et des services adaptés. Mais les pathologies de l’âge nous rattrapent, accentuées par le confinement lié au Covid-19.
La France et les opérations sous le seuil : pour le retour d’une stratégie intégrale
Authors: Jaminet François-Régis 
Published: September 2021

Le XXI e siècle est marqué par une forme de révisionnisme stratégique. Par le biais de stratégies agressives, des puissances à vocation mondiale souhaitent obtenir des changements dans l’ordre international au détriment des situations établies à l’issue de la guerre froide. Cherchant des situations de fait accompli, elles s’appuient sur l’ambiguïté de leurs actions qui se déploient sous le seuil estimé des conflits armés. Sous peine de vivre un irréversible déclassement, la France, dans le cadre européen, gagnerait à concevoir sa propre stratégie intégrale, dont le volet militaire n’est qu’un des aspects.
France–États-Unis : se défaire de l’illusion des cercles de Titchener pour mieux se préparer à la haute intensité
Authors: Marchand Pierre-Olivier 
Published: September 2021

Les armées américaines, similaires, mais non semblables aux françaises, sont, dans le cadre de la préparation à la haute intensité, un exemple à suivre dans le domaine du changement, dans leur capacité à définir des ambitions en phase avec la menace, dans leur esprit pionnier et dans la simplification des tâches ancillaires. Pour autant, il faut s’attacher aux modèles français, dans les domaines de la (course à la) technologie, de l’éthique, des ressources humaines, et se défier de l’exceptionnalisme. Cette analyse objective, s’affranchissant de l’illusion des « cercles de Titchener », aidera à construire les outils requis pour un parangonnage ( benchmarking ) objectif et une interopérabilité efficace en préparation de la haute intensité.
In Vivo Expansion of Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells through Staggered Fc.IL-2 Mutein Dosing and Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Pham Minh N , Khoryati Liliane , Jamison Braxton L , Hayes Erika , Sullivan Jenna M , Campbell Daniel J , Gavin Marc A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In mice, Ag administration in the absence of adjuvant typically elicits tolerogenic immune responses through the deletion or inactivation of conventional CD4 T cells and the formation or expansion of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg). Although these “Ag-specific immunotherapy” (ASI) approaches are currently under clinical development to treat autoinflammatory conditions, efficacy and safety may be variable and unpredictable because of the diverse activation states of immune cells in subjects with autoimmune and allergic diseases. To reliably induce Ag-specific tolerance in patients, novel methods to control T cell responses during ASI are needed, and strategies that permanently increase Treg frequencies among Ag-specific CD4 T cells may provide long-lasting immunosuppression between treatments. In this study, we present an approach to durably increase the frequency of Ag-specific Treg in mice by administering ASI when Treg numbers are transiently increased with individual doses of a half-life–extended Treg-selective IL-2 mutein. Repeated weekly cycles of IL-2 mutein doses (day 0) followed by ASI (day 3) resulted in a 3- to 5-fold enrichment in Treg among Ag-responsive CD4 T cells. Expanded Ag-specific Treg persisted for more than 3 wk following treatment cessation, as well as through an inflammatory T cell response to an Ag-expressing virus. Combining Treg enrichment with ASI has the potential to durably treat autoimmune disease or allergy by increasing the Treg/conventional CD4 T cell ratio among autoantigen– or allergen-specific T cells.
Cardiovascular Responses to Social Stress Elicited by the Cyberball Task
Authors: Eres Robert , Bolton Isabella , Lim Michelle H. , Lambert Gavin W. , Lambert Elisabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to investigate cardiovascular responses to a brief social exclusion stressor, the Cyberball task, and to determine whether individual differences in depression, anxiety, and perceived social isolation moderate physiological stress responses.

Methods:
Sixty-four participants engaged in the Cyberball task while heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were continuously measured.

Results:
Systolic (M = 121.61, SD = 13.34) and diastolic (M = 77.34, SD = 7.56) blood pressure increased significantly during the exclusion condition compared with the rest condition (M = 117.81, SD = 12.71, M = 75.63, SD = 7.39, respectively). Significant correlations were also found between social anxiety (r = −0.25) and depression (r = −0.25) scores with systolic blood pressure from the exclusion condition. Further, participants who reported high depression scores had attenuated cardiovascular responses to social exclusion.

Conclusions:
Overall, cardiovascular activity were elevated after a brief social stressor, but those with clinically relevant cut off scores on the CES-D had attenuated cardiovascular responses These findings support the growing body of literature surrounding cardiovascular stress reactivity to stress induced from social exclusion.
Seasonal Influence on Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Joseph Treasa , Karuppusami Reka , Kunjummen Aleyamma Thayparmbil , Kamath Mohan Shashikant , Mangalaraj Ann Margaret 
Published: September 2021

Background:
It is well known that seasonal variations influence natural conception and birth rates variably in different populations. It has been hypothesised that similar seasonal influences may affect treatment outcomes following assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, most studies report conflicting results.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to elucidate whether seasonality had any impact on the treatment success of the ART program.

Study Setting and Design:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university-level tertiary care hospital in South India.

Materials and Methods:
All couples who underwent ART between January 2012 and December 2016 were included in the study. We divided the study population into three groups based on the seasonal differences experienced in our region. The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR).

Statistical Analysis:
Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to compare outcomes and results reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in LBR in monsoon season (174/651, 26.7% vs. 83/319, 26.0%; OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.77,1.41; P = 0.81) as compared to summer. However, LBR was significantly higher in winter season (114/341, 33.4% vs. 83/319, 26.0%; OR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.00; P = 0.04). Further, multivariate analysis following adjustment for various confounding factors revealed no significant statistical difference in LBR in monsoon (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.92; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.26; P = 0.59) or winter (aOR 1.32; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.88; P = 0.13) as compared to summer season.

Conclusion:
The current study found no significant effect of seasonal variation on LBR following ART.
”When Love Does not bear a Fruit”
Authors: Patel Ansha , Sharma P. S. V. N. , Kumar Pratap 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Self-identity, sexuality, and subfertility have multidirectional effects on each other. Subfertility is known to alter sexual esteem, threaten identity, body image, sexual attractivness, coital pleasure, and sexual satisfaction.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate sexual difficulties as predictors of infertility-specific stress in patients undergoing fertility treatments and to assess the profile of sexual dysfunctions in participants.

Study Setting and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setup of a medical college.

Methods:
Three hundred married men and women diagnosed with infertility participated. The psychological evaluation test, international classification of diseases (10th, CDDG), female sexual functioning index, and international index of erectile functioning were used as measures.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15, Chicago, USA). Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis between stress and presence of sexual dysfunctions in men and women. Medians, quartile, and cutoff scores were used to profile the sexual issues in participants.

Results:
Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions since marriage was higher in women (75%) than men (60%). Ninety-two percent of women and 86% of men experienced emergence of sexual difficulties after the couple started treatments.

Conclusions:
Sexual dysfunctions appear to be a consistent psychosocial concern for those awaiting conception. These appear to worsen during the treatments. Our findings suggest the need to sensitively approach and explore sexual anamnesis with the couple before recourse to medically assisted reproductive treatments. Psychological interventions for sexual issues in distressed patients before, during, and after treatments such as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection are most needed.
Exploration and Thinking in Mixed Flipping-Classroom Teaching Approach on Clinical Endocrinolgy during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Period
Authors: Li Tuo , Zhang Xian-liang , Tang Wei , Sun Liang-liang , Zou Jun-jie , Shi Yong-quan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
To explore the superiority of flipping-classroom lended learning in which the stay-home e-learning and traditional internship complements each other in resident training of endcorinology during coronavirus disease 2019 restriction period.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 44 residents were randomized as the study population. In the endocrine-rotation training, we reformed the clinical learning by unified online-teaching led by teachers' combination with individual guidance by residents. Moreover, the final implementation assessment was conducted by standard double-blind examinations.

Results:
After 4-8 weeks training, the 44 residents were assessed for clinical skills from six dimensions, including medical history collection, physical examination, history report and inpatient record writing, case analysis, and overviewing capability. Compared with the mean scores of 68 residents rotated in internal medicine in 2019, the mean scores on physical examination, inpatient record writing, and overviewing capability in 2020 group were higher with significance ([85.72 ± 8.33] vs.[79.22 ± 10.12], P = 0.0006), ([90.28 ± 10.70] vs. [81.82 ± 8.03], P < 0.0001), ([80.31 ± 8.70] vs. [73.04 ± 12.74], P = 0.0012), whereas scores on skills of medical history collection and history report were slightly lower ([82.11 ± 9.02] vs. [85.06 ± 7.23], P = 0.0586), ([79.30 ± 8.17] vs. [83.21 ± 5.01], P = 0.0022), while scores on case analysis did not show huge gap but with polarized performance in 2020 group ([74.38 ± 10.29] vs. [78.13 ± 8.53], P = 0.0386).

Conclusions:
Providing the novel pattern of unified online-teaching combined with individual-guidance at the bedside to the front-line residents can reduce the risk of cluster epidemics and effectively ensure the training effect on them but still with shortcomings. The future online teaching reform is better for focus more on how to make up for or reduce the actual problem of disconnection between theory and practice in the process of online clinical skills training for residents and teachers.
Minority Languages’ exclusion in the Lesotho School Curriculum: Perceptions of Teachers and Learners
Authors: Maboleba Kolobe  , Lifelile Matsoso  
Published: September 2021

The study sought to know why learners from linguistically disadvantaged backgrounds have low educational morale. A constructivist study was adopted through the use of focus group discussions with 246 learners and 142 teachers in 23 schools located in Botha Bothe, Mohale’s Hoek, Qacha’s Nek and Quthing districts in Lesotho. The findings revealed minimal if not absolute nonrecognition of minority languages in the teaching and learning of learners from these linguistic backgrounds. Therefore, the study concludes that linguistically exclusive curriculum, and teaching and learning practices can reasonably be associated with poor performance of learners. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that Lesotho’s education system recognise the existence of national minority languages. In other words, the curriculum, its implementation and assessment of learners should not be divorced from the linguistic background of learners.
PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KINANGO SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Chapia Misango Nathan , Kimani Mwaura , Rop Naftali 
Published: September 2021

<p>The United Nations office on Drug and Crime estimates that 200 million people worldwide abuse drugs. Africa is a major supplier of drugs such as cannabis and cocaine which are the most widely abused. Large hauls of cannabis and cocaine have been discovered in East African region. In Kenya, findings show that drug and substance abuse is a major social problem. A report of survey on drug and substance abuse by NACADA, revealed that 32.4% of people aged between 18-28 years have consumed alcohol or other type of drugs and substances. Majority of secondary school students are in the age bracket 14-22 years, the group that is most affected. Drug and substance abuse is partly responsible for the riots, strikes, destruction and burning of property in secondary schools. The prevalence rate of drug abuse in Kinango Sub-County was 20.3%. The purpose of the study was to investigate parental influence on Drug and Substance Abuse among Secondary School Students in Kinango Sub-County Kwale County. Erickson’s theory on social development and Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT) helped in explaining the findings of the study. A survey research design was employed for the study with the study population comprising of all secondary school students, heads of guidance and counselling departments and deputy principals in Kinango sub-county totalling 4,964 people. Four public secondary schools were selected through stratified random sampling. The sample size comprised of 4 deputy principals, 4 heads of guidance and counselling departments of the selected schools and 384 students selected by random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and an interview schedule. Validity of the instruments was ensured by using expert judgement of my supervisors. A mixed research methodology was used during data presentation where both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to make inferences and draw conclusions. This was done with help of SPSS version 23. The overall reliability of all the instruments had Cronbach’s alpha of 0.842 which was above the minimum threshold of 0.7. Validity was determined by; the Kaiser- Meyer-Olkim (KMO) Measures of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. Values of 0.787 and 0.000 were obtained respectively, which are acceptable indexes. It was established that there is statistically significant influence of parental influence on drug and substance abuse among secondary school students in Kinango sub-County from hypothesis one (p˂ 0.05). The study recommended that parents should abstain from drugs because they are role models of their children and that guidance and counselling should be strengthen in schools.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0863/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Deep Neural Network Concepts for Classification using Convolutional Neural Network: A Systematic Review and Evaluation
Authors: Galety Mohammad , Al Mukthar Firas Hussam , Maaroof Rebaz Jamal , Rofoo Fanar 
Published: September 2021

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has piqued the curiosity of researchers. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a deep learning (DL) approach commonly utilized to solve problems. In standard machine learning tasks, biologically inspired computational models surpass prior types of artificial intelligence by a considerable margin. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most stunning types of ANN architecture. The goal of this research is to provide information and expertise on many areas of CNN. Understanding the concepts, benefits, and limitations of CNN is critical for maximizing its potential to improve image categorization performance. This article has integrated the usage of a mathematical object called covering arrays to construct the set of ideal parameters for neural network design due to the complexity of the tuning process for the correct selection of the parameters used for this form of neural network.
PAPEL DA MADEIRA NO ENVELHECIMENTO DA CACHAÇA
Authors: Biagioni Maia Amazile 
Published: September 2021

O armazenamento prolongado em barris de madeira (envelhecimento) é uma etapa integrante da produção de inúmeras bebidas destiladas, e afeta acentuadamente suas características sensoriais. Entre outras alterações moleculares sabe-se que, nessa etapa, as bebidas absorvem compostos fenólicos, especialmente monômeros e dímeros bioativos presentes na fração referida como extrativos da madeira. Esses fenólicos ocorrem em estruturas e proporções variáveis em cada tipo de madeira e tanto podem incorporar valor nutricional (especialmente pela função antioxidante) como efeitos potencialmente tóxicos à saúde. No Brasil, o envelhecimento da cachaça é opcional mas amplamente efetuado, sendo empregados inúmeros tipos diferentes de madeiras. Nesse artigo, reúnem-se dados selecionados da literatura recente, que apontam a necessidade de um aprofundamento específico, tanto no âmbito das pesquisas como da legislação vigente, viabilizando a inserção de critérios químicos apropriados para caracterização e certificação do envelhecimento das cachaças brasileiras.
THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL BEHAVIOR MOTIVATION
Authors: Галиев Ф.Х. 
Published: September 2021

Во все времена в обществе преобладало то количество людей, поведение которых не вызывало противоречий с действующим законодательством. Эта ситуация говорит о наличии в обществе своеобразного механизма обеспечения и поддержки правомерных моделей поведения и необходимости исследования особенностей мотивации правомерного поведения.
At all times, in a society dominated by the number of people whose behavior did not cause conflicts with current legislaments. This situation indicates the presence in society of a kind of mechanism for ensuring and supporting legitimate models of behavior and the need to study the features of the motivation of legitimate behavior.