bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATURE OF TRANSONIC COMPRESSOR FLOW AND ITS 3D DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Lefas Demetrios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A key problem in transonic compressor and fan design is that although a 3D description of the flow is necessary to correctly capture the shock; accounting for it during the sectional design is difficult because the key driving design parameters are unknown. In this paper, it is shown that for transonic inlet relative Mach numbers, the pressure rise across the shock is a function of the 3D streamtube area ratio At/A1. This key finding is based on three key transonic flow features, discussed within this paper, being present together across a wide range of 10,000 representative transonic compressor and fan designs published online. This unique wide-ranging dataset reveals that the changes in the shock's behaviour can be explained simply by keeping track of the changes in At/A1. Surprisingly, the pre-shock Mach number at a given At/A1 is shown to be insensitive to the detailed blade surface geometry. Only geometric design choices made in the preliminary design phase are shown to have a second-order effect. These findings suggest, that the purpose of the design should be to make the desired changes in the real spanwise 3D At/A1. The second half of the paper concerns itself with the level of fidelity necessary when calculating the spanwise 3D At/A1 for it to positively influence design. A key conclusion is that not resolving the subtle changes in the 3D radial flow at the appropriate level of fidelity could potentially mislead the transonic design process.
Microbiome insights from a South African cultural and natural landmark cave using metagenomics next-generation sequencing
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Adedayo Afeez Adesina , Akinola Saheed Adekunle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The microbiome study of Sterkfontein Cave (a natural and cultural cave) revealed fascinating insights into its metagenome study and functional annotation. The largely unexplored cave soil microbiota showcases intricate survival adaptations with promising potential for various human applications. Here, we report the microbial diversity and functions associated with Sterkfontein Cave soil.
Primary acquired melanosis with spill over periocular lentigo maligna: 19-year outcomes at a specialist eyelid and ocular oncology centre
Authors: Kanda Mumta , Nghiem Allan Zhifa , Shafi Fariha , Hamed Azzam Shirin , Gupta Tarang , Daniel Claire 
Published: February 2025

Background/aimsThere is a paucity in the literature on the presentation, management and outcomes of cases where primary acquired melanosis (PAM) is associated with spill over/contiguous periocular lentigo maligna (LM). We describe experience of such cases at our eyelid and ocular oncology specialist centre.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective consecutive case review of adult patients with PAM and periocular LM between 2005 and 2024 at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London. Demographic data, diagnosis, histology, imaging, treatment, surgical notes, outcomes and follow-up were collected from the electronic patient record.ResultsOf 21 patients identified, 100% were Caucasian, 13 (62%) were women and the average age of diagnosis was 67 years. Grade of PAM atypia was mild in 5 (24%), moderate in 2 (9%) and severe in 14 (67%) patients. 16 (76%) patients developed melanoma (all types) and 12 (57%) patients developed conjunctival melanoma. Of those with PAM with severe atypia, 93% developed melanoma. The average time interval from diagnosis of PAM and LM to melanoma was 72 months. Melanoma recurrence occurred in 7 (44%) and metastases developed in 4 (25%) patients. Four patients died, including two from metastatic melanoma. Average follow-up length was 129 months.ConclusionsPAM with atypia, particularly severe atypia, when associated with spill over periocular LM, may have significant risk of progression to melanoma. Patients with PAM require careful eyelid examination to identify LM. Management requires multidisciplinary input, urgent biopsy and confocal microscopy if available, lower threshold for treatment and lifelong monitoring.
Body composition, exercise-related performance parameters and associated health factors of transgender women, cisgender women and cisgender men volleyball players
Authors: Alvares Leonardo Azevedo , dos Santos Quaresma Marcus VL , Nakamoto Fernanda Patti , Santos Lívia Marcela , Navarro Lucas Soglio , Navarro Giovanna Soglio , Orozco Bruno Marcos Mazoca , Sá Beatriz Meconi Cardoso , Achkar Gabriel Barasnevicius , Marques Camila Guazzelli , Barbosa Renata Cleia Claudino , Ferreira Raphael Einsfeld Simões 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe inclusion of transgender athletes in competitive sports has promoted significant dialogue and controversy among exercise-related professionals. The objective of this study was to investigate body composition, exercise-related performance parameters and associated health-related factors of transgender women (TW), cisgender women (CW) and cisgender men (CM) amateur volleyball players.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study comprising TW, CW and CM amateur volleyball players eligible with the following characteristics: ‘gender incongruent’ (for TW only); age between 18 and 35 years; body mass index (BMI) between 18.0 and 29.9 kg/m2; ‘very active’ according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and engaged in regular volleyball training for at least 1 year. All participants were assessed for body composition, blood biomarkers, handgrip strength, countermovement jump height (CMJ), squat jump height (SQJ) and maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O2max).Results69 amateur volleyball players were initially evaluated, but only 23 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study (7 TW, 8 CW and 8 CM). Age (p=0.07) and BMI (p=0.26) were similar between groups. Estradiol (p=0.47), total testosterone (p=1.00) and haemoglobin (p=1.00) levels did not differ between TW and CW. However, analysis not adjusted by confounding variables showed that CM presented higher testosterone levels (p<0.001), haemoglobin levels (p=0.03), lean body mass (p=0.03), handgrip strength (p<0.001), CMJ (p<0.001), SQJ (p=0.012) and V̇O2max(mL/min) (p=0.001) compared with TW. When adjusted by confounding variables, all p values were <0.05, except for SQJ (p=0.062).ConclusionTW athletes displayed similar exercise performance and biomarkers compared with CW but lower results compared with CM.
Three-protein signature is associated with baseline and persistently elevated or recurrent depressive symptoms in individuals with recent-onset diabetes
Authors: Spagnuolo Maria C , Gottmann Pascal , Sommer Jana , Borgmann Sandra Olivia , Strassburger Klaus , Rathmann Wolfgang , Zaharia Oana Patricia , Trenkamp Sandra , Wagner Robert , Icks Andrea , Herder Christian , Roden Michael , Maalmi Haifa 
Published: February 2025

Depression is associated with diabetes, but the underlying causes remain unclear. To better understand depression in diabetes, this study investigated associations between 135 inflammatory and neurological protein biomarkers and depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes.This cross-sectional study included 430 adults with a known diabetes duration <1 year from the German Diabetes Study (GDS), in whom biomarkers were measured in serum and depressive symptoms were evaluated at baseline and annually over 5 years using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Based on the information on depressive symptoms from the baseline and follow-up visits (n=305, ≥3 time points), we subdivided the sample into individuals with persistent or recurrent and transient or never depressive symptoms. We assessed the associations of each biomarker with baseline CES-D score (continuous) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms using multiple linear and logistic regression models, respectively.After adjustment for covariates, we identified a three-protein signature associated with baseline CES-D score and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms. CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) and NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) were positively associated with baseline (β 1.24 (95% CI 0.19 to 2.29); β 0.89 (95% CI 0.06 to 1.72)), respectively) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms (OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.31); OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.71), respectively), whereas leptin receptor (LEPR) was inversely associated with baseline (β −0.99 (95% CI −1.87 to –0.11)) and persistent/recurrent depressive symptoms (OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.99)). However, results were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing.In conclusion, the three-protein signature identified may provide insights into mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms in diabetes and might open new therapeutic avenues.The trial registration number of the study isNCT01055093.
Cardiac-related neonatal collapse presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kuok Manson Chon In , Lambert Jennie , Janjanam Anitha , Lillie Jon 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTo describe the characteristics of cardiac-related neonatal collapses referred to a critical care transport service and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and management at referral and retrieval.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of cardiac-related neonatal collapses who were referred to and transferred by a paediatric intensive care retrieval team based in London, UK between 2013 and 2021. Patients with antenatal diagnoses were excluded.ResultsThere were 71 neonates identified of whom 49 (69%) had structural heart defect, 12 (17%) arrhythmia and 10 (14%) with cardiomyopathy/myocarditis. Among structural defects, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (71%) and mixing of circulation (22%) were the predominant pathologies. Cardiac murmur was absent in 66% of the patients. The referring teams’ diagnostic performance was suboptimal for LVOT obstruction and cardiomyopathy/myocarditis, with 63% and 30% recognised as cardiac cause of collapse at referral. Less than half of neonates with duct-dependent lesions received prostaglandin at referral, which later improved to 97% during retrieval. The number of patients requiring intubation and inotropic support also increased at various time points throughout the patient journey. 98% of patients with structural defects required cardiac interventions at a median of 1 day after admission.ConclusionsStructural heart defect, particularly LVOT obstruction, was the leading cause of cardiac-related neonatal collapses. However, a significant portion were initially misdiagnosed leading to delay in prostaglandin administration. Our findings highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion for cardiac pathologies as a cause of neonatal collapse, which is essential for appropriate treatment and timely referral.
Early oral feeding post gastrectomy in gastric cancer: quasi-experimental study
Authors: He Haiyan , Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Guo , Liu Shuying , Liu Qin , Yao Juan , Huang Chengcheng , Liu Jie , Zhou Liang , Wang Ting , Wang Teng , Wang Na , Deng Xiaolian , Wang Yaling 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of early oral feeding in patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy.MethodsA total of 135 patients with gastric cancer who would receive gastrectomy were enrolled in the study, with 61 in early oral feeding group and 74 in control group. Outcomes included nutrient intake, nutritional status, gastrointestinal functions and symptoms, pain, physical activity time, clinical outcomes and inflammation markers.ResultsIn comparison with control group, patients in early oral feeding group had significantly higher compliance rates of oral energy and protein intake, lower needs of parenteral nutrition and shorter postoperative oral feeding start time during hospitalisation. Moreover, the compliance rate of oral protein intake at 1 week after discharge was higher in patients with gastric cancer of early oral feeding group compared with control group. The gastrointestinal function was better in early oral feeding group, evidenced by shorter time to the first flatus and dwell time for gastric tube.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that early oral feeding is safe and can significantly improve oral energy and oral protein intake and gastrointestinal functions during hospitalisation in patients with gastric cancer who received gastrectomy, as well as the oral protein intake after discharge.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300069202.
Efficacy of functional connectome fingerprinting using tangent-space brain networks
Authors: Curic Davor , Kalasapura Venugopal Krishna Sudhanva , Davidsen Jörn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Functional connectomes (FCs) are estimations of brain region interaction derived from brain activity, often obtained from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging recordings. Quantifying the distance between FCs is important for understanding the relation between behavior, disorders, disease, and changes in connectivity. Recently, tangent space projections, which account for the curvature of the mathematical space of FCs, have been proposed for calculating FC distances. We compare the efficacy of this approach in the context of subject identification using the Midnight Scan Club dataset, which contains repeated long session scans in both rest and task based settings. The tangent space method is found to out-perform the traditional non-tangent space method for both whole-brain data and data from individual resting state subnetworks. Certain sets of subnetworks are found to outperform others, a dichotomy which largely follows the `control' and `processing' categorization of resting state networks. Subject discriminability is also modulated by tasks, though certain subnetworks appear task independent. The uniquely long recordings of the dataset also allow for explorations of resource requirements for effective subject identification. The tangent space method is found to universally require less data, making it well suited when only short recordings are available.
Multiplex connectomics reveal altered networks in frontotemporal dementia: A multisite study
Authors: Khokhar Sunil Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Arshad Faheem , Goyal Sheetal , Tiwari Megha , Thanissery Nithin , Ramakrishnan Subasree , Nagaraj Chandana , Kashyap Rajan , Mangalore Sandhya , Gandhi Tapan K. , Alladi Suvarna , Bharath Rose Dawn ,   for the frontotemporal lobar degeneration neuroimaging initiative
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A network neuroscience perspective can significantly advance the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study employed an innovative multiplex connectomics approach, integrating cortical thickness (CTH) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in a dual-layer model to investigate network alterations in FTD subtypes across two geographically distinct sites. The cohort included groups of behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN) individuals who were analyzed from two separate sites. Site-1 included 28-bvFTD, 20-PPA, and 27-MCI participants, whereas Site-2 included 26-bvFTD, 43-PPA, and 43-CN individuals, respectively. Utilizing CTH and FDG-PET data after standard preprocessing, a multiplex network pipeline in BRAPH2 toolbox was used to derive multiplex participation coefficient (MPC) between the groups. The analysis revealed an increase in global MPC as an indicator of disease in PPA at both sites. Additionally, nodal MPC alterations in the anterior cingulate, frontal, and temporal lobes in PPA when compared to bvFTD. Comparisons with the CN showed that nodal MPC alterations were more extensive in PPA when compared with bvFTD. These findings underscore the potential utility of multiplex connectomes for identifying network disruptions in neurodegenerative disorders, offering promising implications for future research and clinical applications.
A Cornerstone for Building a New World
Authors: Tannoury-Karam Sana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For a generation of Arab leftist intellectuals active during the interwar years, particularly during World War Two, the Soviet Union represented a ‘miraculous’ case of modernization, a success story of a country that managed to rapidly modernize and even exceed the levels of progress and sophistication of Western nations. Its trajectory since 1917 represented a model for progress achieved through socialism and internationalism. Standing firmly against Western colonialism and steadily against the Nazi war machine, the Soviet Union became the model for a modern Arab future. The Soviet Union as ‘future’ was not only a temporal construct as much as it was a spatial framework through which Arab intellectuals shifted modernization discourses of the Nahda from West-East dimensions to East-East imaginaries.
The Atomic Future
Authors: Taha Hebatalla , Olsen Pelle Valentin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 1946, one year after the atomic bombings of Japan, Palestinian thinker ʿAli Rashid Shaʿath (1908–1967) published a book entitled Min al-binsilin ila al-qunbula al-zarriya (From Penicillin to the Atomic Bomb). An accessible work of popular science, it contains highly optimistic reflections on the future and predicts the following two events as a result of nuclear technology and energy: a workers’ utopia and world peace. This article situates Shaʿath’s voice within a global conversation about the atomic age, which led to new forms of futuristic and utopian thinking. Analyzing broader Arab articulations of the future through Shaʿath’s writing, we critically engage his embrace of atomic technology as a mode of emancipation.
Collecting Traces, Documenting Past and Present
Authors: Dakhli Leyla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the ways this political dream of the recent Arab Revolutions had been re-actualized is through building archives. In countries where political regimes had sought to deprive citizens of their futures by concealing traces of their past, archiving might be understood as a revolutionary gesture. This article studies archival projects born in the Arab region during the 2000s. It interprets the gesture of archiving as a way of caring for the future, and it interrogates its relation to art and aesthetics. How do aesthetics and art contribute to the gesture? What is the relationship between art and activism nurtured in these archival processes? The research is based on interviews with independent archivers who were and still are involved in the documentation of recent revolts and revolutions in the region, and it focuses on three projects: ‘Archives des luttes des femmes en Algérie’, initiated by young feminists and scholars Awel Haouati and Saadia Gacem during the Algerian Hirak (movement) of 2019–2020; the ‘Creative Memory of the Syrian Revolution’, founded by Sana Yazigi to collect and share the creativity of the Syrian revolution that started in 2011; the archive of the Lebanese ‘Committee of Families of the Disappeared and Kidnapped’, collected and created by Wadad Halwani since 1982, and later restored and curated by her son Ghassan Halwani since 2006.
Microsaccades during video head impulse test in normal subjects
Authors: Xu Mingwei , Zhang Qin , Yao Yuan , Wu Qiong , Yang Jun , Jin Yulian , Zhang Qing 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of saccades in normal subjects during video head impulse test (vHIT), to establish a reference for clinical practice. Methods A cohort of 20 healthy individuals (40 ears) was recruited and compared with a matched group of 20 patients (20 ears) suffering from vestibular neuritis (VN), utilizing vHIT to evaluate the functionality of all three semicircular canals (SCCs). This study analyzed the quantitative characteristics of saccades observed in healthy individuals and patients with VN. Results Significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of lateral saccade frequency, latency, peak velocity, and duration for both the first and second saccades (all p < 0.05, with age as a covariate). Similarly, significant differences were found in vertical SCCs between groups for the frequency, latency, peak velocity, and duration of the first saccade (all p < 0.05, with age as a covariate). However, no significant differences were found in Perez-Rey (PR) scores either in lateral ( p = 0.259) or vertical ( p = 0.102) SCCs. Within the healthy group, significant differences were observed in the frequency, peak velocity, and duration of the first saccade in lateral and vertical SCCs (all p < 0.05). However, the latency ( p = 0.827) and PR scores ( p = 0.552) exhibited no significant variation. Conclusions Microsaccades characterized by prolonged latency and reduced amplitude can occur in healthy individuals during vHIT and are distinct from the saccades seen in patients with VN due to vestibular impairment. This highlights the need to carefully identify and interpret relevant saccades during clinical assessments.
Acute unilateral vestibulopathy and corticosteroid treatment - A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial
Authors: Sjögren Julia , Fransson Per-Anders , Magnusson Måns , Karlberg Mikael , Tjernström Fredrik 
Published: February 2025

Background The efficacy of corticosteroids for treating acute vestibular neuritis, or acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP), remains controversial. Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether corticosteroids improve vestibular function and reduce symptoms in both acute and chronic phases of AUVP. Methods This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial included patients with AUVP (ages 18–80) from emergency departments at three sites in southern Sweden. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, 3-day or 10-day corticosteroid treatment. The steroid groups received intravenous betamethasone followed by oral steroids, while the placebo group received intravenous saline followed by oral placebo. The primary outcome was canal paresis (%) after 12 months, measured via caloric testing. Secondary outcomes included vHIT gain, Diary Vertigo score, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial was registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT Number: 2014-005484-32) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00802529). Results From December 2015 to March 2021, 350 patients were screened, and 69 were included: 23 in the 10-day corticosteroid group, 22 in the 3-day corticosteroid group, and 24 in the placebo group. All groups showed significant improvement in caloric function over time ( p = .002), with no significant differences between groups at any time point ( p = .629). Change in caloric asymmetry from baseline to 12 months did not differ between the treatment groups and the placebo group: mean difference −8.34 (95% CI –25.93 to 9.26; p = .347) in the 10-day steroid group and −6.61 (−24.67 to 11.45; p = .467) in the 3-day steroid group, compared with placebo. Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences between groups. Corticosteroid treatments were well tolerated with no safety concerns. Conclusions Corticosteroid treatment does not significantly improve caloric recovery, vHIT gain recovery, or subjective well-being in patients with AUVP.