bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of Cannulated Screws as Prophylactic Intervention of Hip Fractures
Authors: Rhee Brian , Tommasini Steven M. , Milligan Kenneth , Moulton Julia , Leslie Michael , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction The frequency of hip fractures, a major cause of morbidity and mortality for geriatric patients, is expected to increase exponentially in the next few decades. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of stainless-steel cannulated screws to reduce the risk of a femoral neck fracture, if placed prophylactically prior to a fall. Materials and Methods We created finite element models from computed tomography (CT) scan-based 3D models of a geriatric patient through 3D-image processing and model generation software. We used linear finite element simulations to analyze the effect of cannulated screws in the proximal femur in single-leg stance and lateral fall, which were processed for peak von Mises stresses and element failure. Findings Prophylactically placed cannulated screws significantly reduced failure in an osteoporotic proximal femur undergoing lateral fall. Three implanted screws in an inverted triangle formation decreased proximal femoral trabecular failure by 21% and cortical failure by 5%. This reduction in failure was achieved with a 55% decrease in femoral neck failure and 14% in lateral cortex failure. Conclusion Our results indicate that cannulated hip screws in an inverted triangle formation may strengthen an osteoporotic proximal femur in the event of a lateral fall. Mechanical testing on cadaveric or composite models is required to validate these results.
Successful Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Antibody Response to Vaccination in MAGT1 Deficiency
Authors: Jalil Maaz , Rowane Marija , Rajan Jayanth , Hostoffer Robert 
Published: November 2021

Background Novel messenger RNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been vital in resolving the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Detection of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) confirms immunogenicity with high sensitivity and specificity. Few recent studies with primary and secondary immunodeficient cohorts present adequate or reduced antibody response. We describe the first reported successful response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody post-vaccination in magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene deficiency, more commonly recognized as x-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr Virus infection, and neoplasia (XMEN). Case Presentation We present a 30-year-old male with selective anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency, peripheral blood CD5  +  /CD19  +  B-cell predominance (97%), MAGT1 mutation, and reduced CD16  +  CD56  +  natural killer- and/or CD8  +  T-cell receptor, Group 2, Member D expression. His initial immunological evaluation revealed all seronegative post-vaccination antibody titers but clinically adequate response to protein antigens tetanus and diphtheria anti-toxoids. COVID-19 vaccination and associated serology antibody testing was recommended at this office visit. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies before and after the first BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses, as well as nucleocapsid antibody, were negative. S protein total antibody was reactive after the second dose. Discussion Robust immunological sequelae post-COVID-19 vaccination in the general population are well-documented in the recent literature. Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 vaccination antibody response in immunodeficient patients. The majority positive anti-S antibody detection in most primary immunodeficient (PID) patients among the few studies in the literature, such as the present case, support the safety and efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in immunodeficient patients, although larger scale studies are needed. Conclusion We demonstrate successful vaccination in the PID MAGT1 deficiency in this first reported case of reactive anti-S antibody post-COVID-19 vaccination.
Textbook Economics from Ameritrade’s Joe Ricketts
Authors: Greco Anthony J. 
Published: November 2021

This article reviews the history of Ameritrade founded and developed by Joe Ricketts into a spectacularly successful discount brokerage enterprise. It, as such, represents another example of a risk-taking innovator who achieves success by filling a need in a free-enterprise market. The main takeaway is that free-enterprise works best from the bottom-up, that is, when individuals or individual companies ‘creatively destruct’ existing markets or generate new markets for goods or services through the implementation of innovative ideas and technology. The article also delineates the workings of the free-enterprise market by pointing out how familiar textbook economic principles are illustrated in the Ameritrade experience. JEL Classifications: A10, D01, E02, G10
Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Models of the Hip Joint Using Deep Learning: Dynamic Simulation of Hip Impingement for Diagnosis of Intra- and Extra-articular Hip Impingement
Authors: Zeng Guodong , Degonda Celia , Boschung Adam , Schmaranzer Florian , Gerber Nicolas , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Steppacher Simon D. , Tannast Moritz , Lerch Till D. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) simulation of hip impingement enables better understanding of complex hip deformities in young adult patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Deep learning algorithms may improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation. Purpose: (1) To evaluate the accuracy of 3D models created using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for fully automatic MRI bone segmentation of the hip joint, (2) to correlate hip range of motion (ROM) between manual and automatic segmentation, and (3) to compare location of hip impingement in 3D models created using automatic bone segmentation in patients with FAI. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 31 hip MRI scans from 26 symptomatic patients (mean age, 27 years) with hip pain due to FAI. All patients had matched computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of the pelvis and the knee. CT- and MRI-based osseous 3D models of the hip joint of the same patients were compared (MRI: T1 volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination high-resolution sequence; 0.8 mm3 isovoxel). CNNs were used to develop fully automatic bone segmentation of the hip joint, and the 3D models created using this method were compared with manual segmentation of CT- and MRI-based 3D models. Impingement-free ROM and location of hip impingement were calculated using previously validated collision detection software. Results: The difference between the CT- and MRI-based 3D models was <1 mm, and the difference between fully automatic and manual segmentation of MRI-based 3D models was <1 mm. The correlation of automatic and manual MRI-based 3D models was excellent and significant for impingement-free ROM ( r = 0.995; P < .001), flexion ( r = 0.953; P < .001), and internal rotation at 90° of flexion ( r = 0.982; P < .001). The correlation for impingement-free flexion between automatic MRI-based 3D models and CT-based 3D models was 0.953 ( P < .001). The location of impingement was not significantly different between manual and automatic segmentation of MRI-based 3D models, and the location of extra-articular hip impingement was not different between CT- and MRI-based 3D models. Conclusion: CNN can potentially be used in clinical practice to provide rapid and accurate 3D MRI hip joint models for young patients. The created models can be used for simulation of impingement during diagnosis of intra- and extra-articular hip impingement to enable radiation-free and patient-specific surgical planning for hip arthroscopy and open hip preservation surgery.
Influence of acid activation on the NH3-adsorption properties of a Turkish bentonite
Authors: Erdoğan Burcu , Ergürhan Orkun , Anter Aslıhan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption of NH3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with HCl solutions of various concentrations (0.5–2.5 M) at 75°C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were used to characterize the bentonite before and after acid treatment. The quantitative XRD analysis demonstrated that the bentonite sample was composed predominantly of smectite (75%), with abundant feldspar (20%) and minor opal-CT, analcime and quartz (5%). Increasing gas adsorption values of acid-treated bentonites were analysed depending on the structural changes of the clay. The NH3-adsorption capacities of the bentonite samples (3.801–5.068 mmol g–1) were also compared with previously studied clay-based materials (0.828–4.000 mmol g–1) in terms of their textural and structural differences.
Chronically Elevated Interleukin-6 Disturbs the Coagulation Cascade in Mice
Authors: Knopp Tanja , Lagrange Jeremy , Jung Rebecca , Wild Johannes , Rossmann Heidi , Spronk Henri M.H. , Wunderlich Thomas , Hoevelmeyer Nadine , Münzel Thomas , Lämmle Bernhard , Ruf Wolfram , Wenzel Philip , Waisman Ari , Karbach Susanne Helena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines play an essential role as activators of the hemostatic system and in the regulation of physiological antithrombotic mechanisms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) influences platelet production and platelet activation. It was associated with accelerated clotting and intravascular coagulation in tissue factor (TF)-driven murine thrombosis models. However, the precise role of myeloid cell-derived IL-6 on thrombosis formation and the hemostatic system is still unknown.
Methods and Results:
To better understand the role of IL-6 in thrombosis and the hemostatic system, we developed a new mouse strain with Cre-recombinase driven constitutive IL-6 expression specifically in myeloid cells (LysM-IL-6 OE, Control mice: IL-6 OE). LysM-IL-6 OE mice had a prolonged tail bleeding time and lacked venous thrombus formation induced by inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis. There were no differences in D-Dimer levels in LysM-IL-6 OE mice neither on baseline level nor after IVC ligation. However, we found unstoppable post-operative bleedings in LysM-IL-6 OE. They showed a prolonged aPTT, a significantly increased INR and a prolonged thrombin converting time. The Factor V and IX expression were reduced, but von Willebrand factor, antithrombin and fibrinogen expression were up-regulated and could not explain the missing thrombus formation. We found significantly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation in line with erythrocytes aggregates, which seemed to be mediated by IL-6 and α2M. Most importantly, hepatic levels of thrombin inhibitor α2 macroglobulin (α2M) mRNA and protein were increased in LysM-IL-6 OE/+ mice compared to control mice. In parallel, Platelet erythrocyte interaction seemed to be essential in the development of the bleeding phenotype.
Conclusions: These findings show the role of chronically elevated IL-6 in driving the accumulation of A2m on the surface of erythrocytes, thereby mediating a phenotype of increased bleeding complications.
This work was supported by the DFG KA4035/1-1 and by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF 01EO1503)

Disclosures
Lämmle: Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ablynx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Baxter: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Siemens: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau. Ruf: ARCA bioscience: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; ICONIC Therapeutics: Consultancy; MeruVasimmune: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.
Analysis and comparison of traffic flow models: a new hybrid traffic flow model vs benchmark models
Authors: Storani Facundo , Di Pace Roberta , Bruno Francesca , Fiori Chiara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis paper compares a hybrid traffic flow model with benchmark macroscopic and microscopic models. The proposed hybrid traffic flow model may be applied considering a mixed traffic flow and is based on the combination of the macroscopic cell transmission model and the microscopic cellular automata.Modelled variablesThe hybrid model is compared against three microscopic models, namely the Krauß model, the intelligent driver model and the cellular automata, and against two macroscopic models, the Cell Transmission Model and the Cell Transmission Model with dispersion, respectively. To this end, three main applications were considered: (i) a link with a signalised junction at the end, (ii) a signalised artery, and (iii) a grid network with signalised junctions.ResultsThe numerical simulations show that the model provides acceptable results. Especially in terms of travel times, it has similar behaviour to the microscopic model. By contrast, it produces lower values of queue propagation than microscopic models (intrinsically dominated by stochastic phenomena), which are closer to the values shown by the enhanced macroscopic cell transmission model and the cell transmission model with dispersion. The validation of the model regards the analysis of the wave propagation at the boundary region.
“Stomach mass” as the first manifestation of IgG4-related disease: a case report
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Xu Jing , Zhu Yuandong , Wu Qianneng , Xie Xincheng , Shi Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
IgG4-related disease mainly manifests as organomegaly and is accompanied by tissue fibrosis (Mimori, Mod Rheumatol 29(2):213, 2019) which is frequently confused with tumour (Dawei et al., J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29(12):1375–8, 2020). There are few reports with of IgG4-related disease with the first clinical manifestation involving the stomach.

Case presentation
We present the case of 46-year-old male patient with a “stomach tumour” as the first manifestation of IgG4-related disease. Gastroscopy showed a mass in the stomach, however, the pathology result was chronic inflammation with IgG4 positivity. CT scans of abdomen showed that the stomach wall was thick, the head of the pancreas was swollen, and retroperitoneal fibrosis was severe.The serum IgG4 level was 75 g/L (normal range 0.03–2.01 g/L).After treatment with methylprednisolone for one month, the symptoms were greatly relieved.

Conclusions
To reduce the suffering of patients and relieve their financial burden, we should consider the possibility of IgG4-related disease when the initial manifestation is a stomach mass.
Disseminated lymph node tuberculosis after splenectomy: an unusual case report in an adolescent
Authors: Cheng Moxin , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Splenectomized patients are at an increased risk for overwhelming post-splenectomy infections typically with encapsulated bacteria. The clinical association between splenectomy and lymph-node tuberculosis is unclear.

Case presentation
We describe a rare case of disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis in an 18-year-old woman with history of splenectomy because of hereditary sherocytosis. She was admitted with enlargement of bilateral-cervical and left-axillary lymph nodes and fever. A diagnosis of probable tuberculosis was made based on the findings of fine-needle aspiration. Histology showed granulomas and extensive caseous necrosis, with the site of puncture located at an enlarged lymph node on the right side. The diagnosis was confirmed via nucleic-acid amplification tests following excisional biopsy of the left axillary lymph node. Disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis was localized in the bilateral neck, right lung hilum, left sub-axillary region, and mediastinum, as detected from contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck.

Conclusions
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be considered in children and adolescents with extensive enlargement of lymph nodes after splenectomy.
A study of generalization and compatibility performance of 3D U-Net segmentation on multiple heterogeneous liver CT datasets
Authors: He Baochun , Yin Dalong , Chen Xiaoxia , Luo Huoling , Xiao Deqiang , He Mu , Wang Guisheng , Fang Chihua , Liu Lianxin , Jia Fucang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Most existing algorithms have been focused on the segmentation from several public Liver CT datasets scanned regularly (no pneumoperitoneum and horizontal supine position). This study primarily segmented datasets with unconventional liver shapes and intensities deduced by contrast phases, irregular scanning conditions, different scanning objects of pigs and patients with large pathological tumors, which formed the multiple heterogeneity of datasets used in this study.

Methods
The multiple heterogeneous datasets used in this paper includes: (1) One public contrast-enhanced CT dataset and one public non-contrast CT dataset; (2) A contrast-enhanced dataset that has abnormal liver shape with very long left liver lobes and large-sized liver tumors with abnormal presets deduced by microvascular invasion; (3) One artificial pneumoperitoneum dataset under the pneumoperitoneum and three scanning profiles (horizontal/left/right recumbent position); (4) Two porcine datasets of Bama type and domestic type that contains pneumoperitoneum cases but with large anatomy discrepancy with humans. The study aimed to investigate the segmentation performances of 3D U-Net in: (1) generalization ability between multiple heterogeneous datasets by cross-testing experiments; (2) the compatibility when hybrid training all datasets in different sampling and encoder layer sharing schema. We further investigated the compatibility of encoder level by setting separate level for each dataset (i.e., dataset-wise convolutions) while sharing the decoder.

Results
Model trained on different datasets has different segmentation performance. The prediction accuracy between LiTS dataset and Zhujiang dataset was about 0.955 and 0.958 which shows their good generalization ability due to that they were all contrast-enhanced clinical patient datasets scanned regularly. For the datasets scanned under pneumoperitoneum, their corresponding datasets scanned without pneumoperitoneum showed good generalization ability. Dataset-wise convolution module in high-level can improve the dataset unbalance problem. The experimental results will facilitate researchers making solutions when segmenting those special datasets.

Conclusions
(1) Regularly scanned datasets is well generalized to irregularly ones. (2) The hybrid training is beneficial but the dataset imbalance problem always exits due to the multi-domain homogeneity. The higher levels encoded more domain specific information than lower levels and thus were less compatible in terms of our datasets.
MRI-based radiomics and ADC values are related to recurrence of endometrial carcinoma: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Zhang Yu , Fang Xin , Dong Jiangning , Qian Liting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To identify predictive value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics for all recurrences in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods
One hundred and seventy-four EC patients who were treated with operation and followed up in our institution were retrospectively reviewed, and the patients were divided into training and test group. Baseline clinicopathological features and mean ADC (ADCmean), minimum ADC (ADCmin), and maximum ADC (ADCmax) were analyzed. Radiomic parameters were extracted on T2 weighted images and screened by logistic regression, and then a radiomics signature was developed to calculate the radiomic score (radscore). In training group, Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed and a Cox regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological features, ADC values and radscore with recurrence, and verified in the test group.

Results
ADCmean showed inverse correlation with recurrence, while radscore was positively associated with recurrence. In univariate analyses, FIGO stage, pathological types, myometrial invasion, ADCmean, ADCmin and radscore were associated with recurrence. In the training group, multivariate Cox analysis showed that pathological types, ADCmean and radscore were independent risk factors for recurrence, which were verified in the test group.

Conclusions
ADCmean value and radscore were independent predictors of recurrence of EC, which can supplement prognostic information in addition to clinicopathological information and provide basis for individualized treatment and follow-up plan.
No differences in the long-term prognosis of iris and choroidal melanomas when adjusting for tumor thickness and diameter
Authors: Sabazade Shiva , Herrspiegel Christina , Gill Viktor , Stålhammar Gustav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long-term prognosis for patients with iris melanomas and compare it with the prognosis for small choroidal melanomas.DesignRetrospective observational case series.MethodsAll patients treated for iris melanomas at a single referral institution between January 1st 1986 and January 1st 2016 were included. Patients treated for small choroidal melanomas during the same period were included for comparison. The cumulative incidence of melanoma-related mortality was calculated. Patient and tumor characteristics and size-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for melanoma-related mortality were compared between iris and small choroidal melanomas.ResultsForty-five iris melanomas and 268 small choroidal melanomas were included. Twenty-four iris melanomas (53%) had been treated with local resection, 12 (27%) with Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy, 7 (16%) with enucleation and 2 (4%) with proton beam irradiation. Twenty-one (68%), 7 (16%) and 2 (4%) of the iris melanomas were of the spindle, mixed and epithelioid cell types, respectively. Twenty-three patients had deceased before the end of follow-up. Median follow-up for the 22 survivors was 13.3 years (SD 9.4). Patients with iris melanomas were more often asymptomatic at presentation and had a trend towards significantly lower age (59 versus 63 years, Student’s T-testsp = 0.057). Further, iris melanomas had significantly smaller basal diameter (5.8 versus 8.0 mm,p < 0.0001) and tumor volume (79 mm3versus 93 mm mm3,p < 0.0001) but greater thickness (3.0 versus 2.5 mm,p < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of iris melanoma-related mortality was 5% at 5 years after diagnosis, and 8% at 10, 15 and 20 years. The incidence was not significantly different to small choroidal melanomas (Wilcoxonp = 0.46). In multivariate Cox regression with tumor diameter and thickness as covariates, patients with choroidal melanomas did not have increased HR for melanoma-related mortality (HR 2.2, 95% CI 0.5–9.6,p = 0.29). Similarly, there were no significant survival differences in matched subgroups (Wilcoxonp = 0.82).ConclusionsThere are no survival differences between iris and choroidal melanomas when adjusting for tumor size. The reason for the relatively favorable prognosis of iris melanomas compared to melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body is likely that they are diagnosed at a smaller size.