bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BiGRU-CNN-AT: classifiying emotion on social media
Authors: Amriza Rona Nisa Sofia , Ngafidin Khairun Nisa Meiah 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis research aims to develop a robust deep-learning approach for classifying emotion in social media.Design/methodology/approachThis study integrates three deep learning techniques: Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and an attention mechanism, resulting in the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units Convolution Attention (BiGRU-CNN-AT) model. The BiGRU captures potential semantic features, the CNN extracts local features and the attention mechanism identifies keywords critical for classification.FindingsThe BiGRU-CNN-AT model outperformed several state-of-the-art emotion classification algorithms. The model was compared against various baselines across multiple emotion datasets, with deep learning methods consistently surpassing traditional approaches. BiGRU and Bi-LSTM networks demonstrated superior performance, particularly when combined with attention mechanisms. Additionally, analysis of execution times indicated that the BiGRU model processed data more efficiently. They were configuring hyperparameters and integrating GloVe word embeddings, which significantly enhanced model performance, with the adam optimizer proving effective for optimization.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the development of a novel framework, BiGRU-CNN-AT, which integrates bidirectional GRU, CNN and attention mechanisms for text-based emotion classification. By leveraging the strengths of each component, this framework significantly enhances accuracy in emotion classification tasks. Furthermore, the study offers comprehensive experimental analyses across multiple emotion datasets.
Microstructure and high temperature tribological properties of arc ion plated CrN and CrAlN coatings on AISI H13 steel
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Kaiwei , Kong Dejun 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study to investigate the high temperature tribological performances of CrN and CrAlN coatings on AISI H13 steel, which was beneficial to improve the wear resistance of hot work molds.

Design/methodology/approach
Arc ion plating was used to deposit the CrN and CrAlN coatings on AISI H13 steel, and the tribological performances of CrN and CrAlN coatings were evaluated using a ball-on-plate wear tester.

Findings
The average coefficients of friction and wear rate of CrAlN coating in the normal wear period are 0.33 and 5.34 × 10–9 mm3·N–1·mm–1, respectively, which are lower than those of CrN coating, exhibiting that the outstanding friction reduction. The formations of Cr and Al oxides during the wear process are the main factor in enhancing the tribological performance of CrAlN coating.

Originality/value
CrN and CrAlN coatings were applied for hot work molds, and their tribological performances were comparatively investigated.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2024-0359/
Historic core of Sarajevo in the frame of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach – review of the effects on the ground
Authors: Kudumovic Lana 
Published: December 2024

PurposeRecognisable urban fabric of Sarajevo was developed over different periods throughout history. The historic core called Bascarsija (Bašcaršija) was designated as protected area by the Regulatory plan in 1975. Establishing boundaries for the protection of the historic area triggered attitude, which expanded to embrace other architectural ensembles too and, with the decision’s final passage, even a wider area. Sarajevo is proclaimed as Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) in 2020 by the Decision of the Commission to preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper aims to evaluate effects of HUL approach applied on the case of Sarajevo, which is mostly limited to the new adjustments made to the governing of the protected areas.Design/methodology/approachReferring to the HUL Recommendation, the content of the current decision as well as its practical implications and the extent of stakeholder engagement was evaluated, and the summary of practical results, if any, three years (since 2020) after the adaptation.FindingsHUL approach applied on case of Sarajevo is currently reflected only as a Decision with limited practical effects. This paper, therefore, defined the missing tools. Also, it was possible to distinguish positive and negative effects, and limitations of the applied HUL approach reflected in practice.Originality/valueAccording to the international legislation, HUL is understood to be a comprehensive approach that covers a greater area in order to improve urban living sustainably and encourage the preservation of historic assets. Learning from the case of Sarajevo, from its consequences on the ground and limitations for successful application, this paper contributes to the understanding of the HUL approach.
Evaluation of amla and tomato pomace for polyphenol bioaccessibility and prebiotic effects by in vitro digestion and fermentation
Authors: Mall Urvashi P. , Patel V. H. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to determine the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (IVD) on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds derived from tomato pomace flour (TPF) and amla pomace flour (APF), and to evaluate their potential health benefits as prebiotics on gut microbiota.

Design/methodology/approach
The nutritional and functional properties and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds obtained from APF and TPF were measured using IVD model and the potential prebiotic effects were assessed during in vitro fermentation.

Findings
APF and TPF contained significant amounts of total dietary fibre (55.83% and 48.29%, respectively) and protein (2.1% and 14.37%, respectively). After IVD, a considerable amount of polyphenols from APF and TPF were released. In the intestinal phase, APF and TPF showed significant (p = 0.05) release of total phenolics (81% and 57%, respectively) and flavonoids (84% and 76%, respectively). Additionally, in comparison to the control samples, IVD increased antioxidant capacity. The proliferation of bacteria (L. acidophilus) and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including propionate and butyrate, were both increased during in vitro fermentation of APF and TPF. Both the flours showed a positive prebiotic activity with the value of <1.50.

Social implications
The study supports sustainable agriculture and global pollution reduction. Incorporating these by-products into diets might increase the availability of inexpensive, nutritious food choices, improve digestive health and create economic possibilities for food producers and farmers.

Originality/value
The research provides novel information on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and antioxidants during digestion, and the prebiotic potential APF, which have not been previously documented.
Celebrating the 2024 Jason Kinsey Award Winner from the National Association for School-University Partnerships
Authors: Burns Rebecca West 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to offer an overview of the prestigious Jason Kinsey Award given by the National Association for School-University Partnerships (NASUP). The article outlines the history and purpose, chronicles previous winners, and celebrates the 2024 honoree.Design/methodology/approachThis article highlights recent winners of NASUP’s Jason Kinsey Award.FindingsDue to the nature of this piece, there are no research findings. The article explains the history of the award, chronicles the winners over the years, and honors the most recent award recipient.Originality/valueThis article draws additional attention to this exemplary partnership work and may inspire future nominations.
Artificial intelligence-based assessment in ELT exam creation: a case study of Van Lang University lecturers
Authors: Luc Ha Duy Nguyen , Nguyen Anh Tu 
Published: December 2024

PurposeFocusing on the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, this research reveals that AI can create and improve English language assessments for learners in order to optimize and enhance test questions as a bilateral tool in the traditional way for English Language Teaching (ELT) is possible.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted a qualitative methodology by conducting semi-structured interviews with a varied range of language institutes’ lecturers, revealing new beneficial effects of AI on test time, content and human variables.FindingsSeveral interviewees agreed that AI should be used in ELT exam creations because of its overt advantages in making test items automatically, adaptive testing, enhanced feedback mechanisms and quality assurance and innovative formats. Simultaneously, some disadvantages are recorded, including complexity and nuance of language, technical limitations, ethical and bias concerns and human oversight and validation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was also limited by the time frame of the research, which may not have fully captured the complex dynamics between the different actors, such as using AI in preparing questions for reading tasks such as automatic creation of pre-reading questions as well as possible answers.Originality/valueFor future studies, as AI-generated material is becoming more ubiquitous, from music to artwork, it presents crucial legal problems regarding who owns the rights to the work or construct ELT exams. It has also become the next problem that the writers should concentrate on.
Benchmarking the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files for analysis of opioid use disorder treatment
Authors: Chughtai Mah Afroze , Kim Joo Yeon , Donohue Julie M. , Huskamp Haiden A. , Mehrotra Ateev , Barnett Michael L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the data consistency and quality of Medicaid claims data on opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, benchmarking the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files (TAF) against metrics reported by the Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN), which analyzed data obtained directly from 11 state Medicaid agencies.Data Sources and Study SettingThe primary data source was TAF claims for the years 2017 and 2018, limited to non‐dual, full‐benefit Medicaid beneficiaries aged 12–64 in one of the 11 states in our study sample.Study DesignUsing TAF data, we replicated performance on the following five OUD quality metrics reported by MODRN: number of enrollees receiving any OUD medication, receipt of behavioral health counseling, completion of urine drug screens, receipt of any opioid analgesic fill, and receipt of any benzodiazepine fill.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAccess to TAF data was facilitated through the Chronic Conditions Warehouse.Principal FindingsThere were 11% fewer Medicaid enrollees with OUD in TAF compared to MODRN (912,478 vs. 1,034,412). Patient characteristics were largely similar across the two datasets, with the exception of more missing race information in TAF (20.9% vs. 7.1%). Across the 11 states, performance on the six quality measures was similar. For example, the rate of use of any OUD medication in 2018 was 57.1% in MODRN and 58.6% in TAF. However, there were important discrepancies in the TAF data in individual states for single years.ConclusionsTAF data may undercount patients with OUD, but otherwise exhibited consistency with MODRN benchmarks, suggesting suitability of TAF for research on OUD treatment. Our results highlight several data quality issues with TAF that researchers who use these data should be aware of, including reporting of race and ethnicity.
Pear‐Shaped Eggs Evolved to Maximize the Surface Area‐to‐Volume Ratio, Increase Metabolism, and Shorten Incubation Time in Birds
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBird eggs can be spherical, ellipsoid, ovoid, or pear‐shaped (pyriform), the latter being the most complex. There is however no unambiguous evolutionary/adaptive explanation for this final, exotic shape. We hypothesized that pyriform eggs have a larger surface area‐to‐volume ratio (S/V) that may be a criterion for increased embryo metabolism. By integrating mathematical approaches, we confirmed this to be the case and developed a model of the egg metabolic rate defined as the ratio of S/V to its maximum possible value, depending on egg length. We found this to be inversely proportional to the egg incubation period and concluded that the complex pyriform shape is most likely due to embryo metabolism increase and, as a result, a reduction in the incubation period and shortened hatching time. As a result of this study, we conclude that some avian eggs are pyriform as this may attain a larger S/V ratio making them grow and hatch quicker.
A New Promising Role for Selexipag in the Treatment of Scleroderma Vasculopathy: Preliminary Results From a Third Level Italian Scleroderma Center
Authors: Giuggioli D. , Orlandi M. , Spinella A. , de Pinto M. , Lumetti F. , Amati G. , Secchi O. , Ariani A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimRaynaud phenomenon (RP) and digital ulcers (DUs) represent the most frequent manifestations in systemic sclerosis (SSc), being signs of severe vasculopathy. Selexipag has been proposed as a useful tool for treating peripheral vasculopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Selexipag for treating complex cases of DUs as compared to the standard of care.MethodsThis is a case–control study in which SSc patients with active and long‐lasting DUs were compared with a control group treated with a standard‐of‐care topical therapy that was stable in the previous 6 months. Clinical outcomes of RP and DUs were evaluated at T0 and after 6 months of follow‐up.Results23 SSc patients were enrolled. Selexipag was administered to 9 SSc patients, and its effects were compared with those in 14 SSc patients treated with standard‐of‐ care therapy. Complete healing of DUs in Selexipag patients was higher (56% vs. 7%, p = 0.018). DUs diameter and pain VAS were slightly better—although not statistically significant—at the end of follow‐up in the Selexipag group (respectively 0 vs. 5 p = 0.15 and 5 vs. 6, p = 0.066). All Raynaud Condition Scores outcomes improved in the Selexipag group: number of attacks (4 vs. 6, p < 0.001), duration (20 min vs. 25 mm, p = 0.083), and VAS (5 vs. 6, p = 0.066). Moreover, baseline DU diameter (β = 0.70, p < 0.001) and Selexipag treatment (β = −7.1, p = 0.006) were statistically significant predictors of the diameter of DUs after 6 months (F‐test = 0.038). No new DUs were observed during the 6‐month therapy.ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest a potentially new therapeutic indication of Selexipag in SSc for the treatment of SSc vasculopathy, in particular DUs and RP.
Placentas From SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection During Pregnancy Exhibit Foci of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage
Authors: Nobrega Guilherme M. , McColl Eliza R. , Antolini‐Tavares Arthur , Souza Renato T. , Cecatti José Guilherme , Costa Maria Laura , Mysorekar Indira U. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTProblemCOVID‐19 during pregnancy is linked to increased maternal morbidity and a higher incidence of preterm births (PTBs), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Cellular senescence, characterized by the irreversible cessation of cell division, is a critical process in placental function, and its dysregulation has been implicated in pregnancy complications like PTB. Senescence can be induced by various stressors, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and viral infections.Method of StudyIn this study, we determined whether COVID‐19 had an impact on placental senescence. We examined placentas from women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) (n = 10 term, 4 preterm) compared to uninfected controls (n = 10 term, 3 preterm). The placentas were analyzed for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (spike and nucleocapsid viral proteins), markers of DNA damage (γH2AX) and oxidative stress (ROS), and senescence (telomere length, cell cycle regulators, and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype [SASP]).ResultsAlthough no overall differences in cellular senescence markers were observed between the COVID‐19 positive and negative groups, we found increased secreted SASP markers. Confocal microscopy of placentas from COVID‐19 positive cases revealed localized areas of oxidative stress and DNA damage colocalized with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces localized focal placental damage, warranting further investigation into its impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Association of hemoglobin levels with metabolic traits in women with PCOS
Authors: Virtanen Nikke , Pesonen Emilia , Saarela Ulla , Hurskainen Elisa , Arffman Riikka K. , Koivunen Peppi , Piltonen Terhi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionWithin normal variation, higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels are associated with poorer metabolic profile in population cohorts, underlying the link between oxygen delivery and cell metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women and is commonly accompanied by metabolic derangements. In this study we sought to investigate Hb levels, and their metabolic associations, in women with PCOS.Material and MethodsWe used data from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 to evaluate Hb levels in women with or without PCOS at the ages of 31 and 46 years. Linear regression models were used to investigate associations between Hb levels and essential metabolic parameters in both groups.ResultsWomen with PCOS had higher Hb levels than controls at the age of 31 years but not at the age of 46 years. Hb levels were associated positively with most of the metabolic parameters tested (body mass index, waist circumference, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and blood lipids), with stronger associations in women with PCOS than in non‐PCOS controls. There were fewer associations at the age of 46 than at 31 years, and body mass index seemed to explain many, though not all, differences between the PCOS and non‐PCOS groups.ConclusionsWomen with PCOS have higher Hb levels at the age of 31 years. In both women with and without PCOS, Hb levels associate with poorer metabolic profile.
A Novel Machine Perfusion System for Enhancing Hepatic Microcirculation Perfusion
Authors: Fan Lin , Xia Haoyang , Peng Guizhu , Wang Weiyu , Fu Zhen , Ye Qifa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMachine perfusion is a promising strategy for safeguarding liver transplants donated after cardiac death (DCD). In this study, we developed and validated a novel machine perfusion approach for mitigating risk factors and salvaging severe DCD livers.MethodsA novel hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) system was developed, incorporating two pumps and an elastic water sac to emulate the functionality of the cardiac cycle. Compared to conventional systems (HOPE S1 and S2), the novel HOPE system (HOPE S3) was evaluated in rats, utilizing healthy livers perfused with methylene blue diluted using Histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate (HTK) solution or DCD livers subjected to 60 min of warm ischemia without heparin administration. Liver perfusion outcomes were assessed through macroscopic and microscopic evaluations, molecular analyses, and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).ResultsDCD livers subjected to HOPE systems' perfusion exhibited decreased injury and enhanced survival rates compared to static cold storage following 60 min of warm ischemia (DCD + SCS). The 4‐week post‐transplantation survival rates were 0%, 20%, and 33% in the DCD + SCS, HOPE S1, and HOPE S2 groups, respectively. HOPE S3 conferred protection against hepatocyte and non‐parenchymal cell injury, resulting in a 67% animal survival rate following 60 min of warm donor ischemia (HOPE S3). Assessments of hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation, morphological changes, and molecular alterations in preserved livers further confirmed these findings.ConclusionsThe newly devised machine perfusion system can enhance and uniform liver perfusion and may become a promising tool for revitalizing DCD liver grafts afflicted with severe warm ischemic injuries.
Two‐year changes of macular choroidal thickness in response to 0.01% atropine eye drops: Results from the myopia outcome study of atropine in children (MOSAIC) clinical trial
Authors: Kobia‐Acquah Emmanuel , Lingham Gareth , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Loughman James 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate 2‐year changes in macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in children receiving 0.01% atropine eyedrops and its relationship with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial length (AL) elongation.MethodsA total of 250 myopic children aged 6–16 years (167%–0.01% atropine, 83‐placebo) were enrolled in the MOSAIC (ISRCTN36732601) clinical trial. Participants with complete 2‐year ChT (Topcon Triton Swept‐Source OCT), SER, and AL data were included in this study. Changes in macular ChT at 2 years and associations with changes in SER and AL elongation were analysed using linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 187 children (126%–0.01% atropine, 61‐placebo) were included in the analysis. Choroidal thickness over 2 years was stable in the 0.01% atropine compared with placebo group, which exhibited consistent thinning in subfoveal (mean ± SE: 0.49 ± 2.22 μm vs. −9.46 ± 2.69 μm; p = 0.034), parafoveal (1.40 ± 1.73 μm vs. −8.11 ± 2.08 μm; p = 0.002), and perifoveal (0.80 ± 1.25 vs. −6.17 ± 1.69; p = 0.002) macular subfields. Choroidal thickening was observed in participants with slower axial eye growth and myopia progression, regardless of their treatment group. Mediation analysis indicated that atropine 0.01% had a significant effect on ChT, with 68.3% of the effect being direct and 31.7% mediated through axial length changes. For SER, the direct effect on ChT was 80%, with the remaining 20% mediated by SER changes.ConclusionsMyopic participants treated with 0.01% atropine exhibited stable ChT over 2 years, whereas the placebo group showed consistent thinning. The effect of atropine 0.01% on ChT was only partially explained by axial length and SER changes, indicating a direct effect of atropine treatment on the choroid.