bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between surgical start time (regular vs after hours) and morbidity and mortality during hospitalization in dogs and cats
Authors: McConkey Marina J. , Alexopoulos Eric T. , Hernandez Jorge A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between after‐hours (ie, nights and weekends) emergency general surgery and morbidity or mortality in dogs and cats during hospitalization.DesignCross‐sectional study from September 1, 2013 to May 31, 2017.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsFour hundred seventy‐four dogs and 66 cats that underwent emergency general surgery (gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, urogenital, soft tissue traumatic injury, splenectomy/excision of bleeding abdominal tumor, surgical revision, and negative exploratory categories) with the emergency surgery service. All patients were required to have complete medical records.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsStudy animals were grouped as exposed or not exposed to after‐hours emergency surgery. They were further classified as either postoperatively dead or suffering morbidity (yes or no). Additional exposure factors (eg, age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA] status) were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify and quantify any associations with mortality or morbidity. In dogs, exposure to after‐hours emergency general surgery was not associated with mortality or morbidity. In dogs, both mortality and morbidity were associated with ASA status. In cats, mortality was not examined because the number of dead cats was small (n = 5). The odds of morbidity were 3.4 times lower (1/0.29) in cats having emergency surgery after hours, compared to cats admitted during regular hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.09‐0.93; P = 0.03). No other investigated exposure factors were associated with morbidity in study cats.ConclusionsAfter‐hours emergency surgery in dogs was not associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity at the study facility. Feline patients having emergency surgery during regular hospital hours had a higher risk of morbidity; further investigation of modifiable risk factors is warranted.
Linking rivers to the rock record: Channel patterns and paleocurrent circular variance
Authors: Galeazzi C.P. , Almeida R.P. , do Prado A.H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Alluvial rivers are the most important agents of sediment transport in continental basins, whose fluvial deposits enclose information related to the time when rivers were active. In order to extract the most information from fluvial deposits in the sedimentary record, it is imperative to quantify the natural variability of channel patterns at the global scale, explore what controls may influence their development, and investigate whether channel pattern information is preserved in the alluvial plains in order to develop tools for recognizing them in the sedimentary record. By surveying 361 reaches of modern alluvial rivers with available water discharge data at a global scale, we present a quantitative channel pattern classification based on sinuosity and channel count index applicable to the recognition in the rock record. A continuum of channel patterns ranging from high-sinuosity single channel to low-sinuosity multichannels is documented, along with the proportion of depositional elements in their alluvial plains and their conditions of occurrence. Preserved barforms in the alluvial plains of these rivers are used to infer and quantify paleoflow directions at the channel-belt scale and result in ranges of paleocurrent circular variance that may lead to channel pattern identification in the rock record. Data from this work indicate that the recognition of channel patterns may be used to predict paleogeographic features such as the scale of drainage basin area and discharge, slope, and annual discharge regimes.
The nature of X(3872) from high-multiplicity pp collisions
Authors: Esposito Angelo , Ferreiro Elena G. , Pilloni Alessandro , Polosa Antonio D. , Salgado Carlos A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe structure of exotic resonances that do not trivially fit the usual quark model expectations has been a matter of intense scientific debate during the last two decades. A possible way of estimating the size of these states is to study their behavior when immersed in QCD matter. Recently, LHCb has measured the relative abundance of the exotic $$X(3872)$$

X
(
3872
)

over the ordinary $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

. We use the comover interaction model to study the yield of a compact $$X(3872)$$

X
(
3872
)

. To confirm the reliability of the model in high-multiplicity pp collisions, we describe the suppression of excited over ground $$\Upsilon $$
Υ
states. With this at hand, we show that the size of the compact $$X(3872)$$

X
(
3872
)

would be slightly larger than that of the $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

. If the $$X(3872)$$

X
(
3872
)

is instead assumed to be a meson molecule of large size, we argue that its evolution in QCD matter should be described via a coalescence model, as suggested by data on deuteron production. We show that the predictions of this model for the $$X(3872)$$

X
(
3872
)

are in contrast with data.
Early Rhythm Control Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure
Authors: Rillig Andreas , Magnussen Christina , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Suling Anna , Brandes Axel , Breithardt Günter , Camm A. John , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Eckardt Lars , Elvan Arif , Goette Andreas , Gulizia Michele , Haegeli Laurent , Heidbuchel Hein , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Ng Andre , Szumowski Lukasz , van Gelder Isabelle , Wegscheider Karl , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Even on optimal therapy, many patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation experience cardiovascular complications. Additional treatments are needed to reduce these events, especially in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods:
This prespecified subanalysis of the randomized EAST-AFNET4 trial (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial) assessed the effect of systematic, early rhythm control therapy (ERC; using antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation) compared with usual care (allowing rhythm control therapy to improve symptoms) on the 2 primary outcomes of the trial and on selected secondary outcomes in patients with heart failure, defined as heart failure symptoms New York Heart Association II to III or left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%.

Results:

This analysis included 798 patients (300 [37.6%] female, median age 71.0 [64.0, 76.0] years, 785 with known LVEF). The majority of patients (n=442) had heart failure and preserved LVEF (LVEF≥50%; mean LVEF 61±6.3%), the others had heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (n=211; LVEF 40%–49%; mean LVEF 44 ± 2.9%) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n=132; LVEF<40%; mean LVEF 31±5.5%). Over the 5.1-year median follow-up, the composite primary outcome of cardiovascular death, stroke, or hospitalization for worsening of heart failure or for acute coronary syndrome occurred less often in patients randomly assigned to ERC (94/396; 5.7 per 100 patient-years) compared with patients randomly assigned to usual care (130/402; 7.9 per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.74 [0.56–0.97];
P
=0.03), not altered by heart failure status (interaction
P
value=0.63). The primary safety outcome (death, stroke, or serious adverse events related to rhythm control therapy) occurred in 71 of 396 (17.9%) patients with heart failure randomly assigned to ERC and in 87 of 402 (21.6%) patients with heart failure randomly assigned to usual care (hazard ratio, 0.85 [0.62–1.17];
P
=0.33). LVEF improved in both groups (LVEF change at 2 years: ERC 5.3±11.6%, usual care 4.9±11.6%,
P
=0.43). ERC also improved the composite outcome of death or hospitalization for worsening of heart failure.

Conclusions:
Rhythm control therapy conveys clinical benefit when initiated within 1 year of diagnosing atrial fibrillation in patients with signs or symptoms of heart failure.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01288352. URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN04708680. URL:
https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu
; Unique identifier: 2010-021258-20.
Earth-Centered Communication Technology:Lichen as a Model Interface
Authors: Litman-Cleper Jules 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarth-Centered Communication Technology (Earth Tech Net) is a framework that aims to shift technological value systems away from the normative human and toward planetary-aware ecological inclusivity. The framework grounds computational media as part of ecological evolutionary forces. It also generates experimental artworks that can reveal the current limitations of technological value systems and how they shape human behavior at different scales, as well as create models of an ecologically focused paradigm of technology, for example, an augmented-reality (AR) lichen interface made to model a hypothetical Earth-communication device that connects different species together.
Westminster Abbey’s Quattrocento Altarpieces
Authors: Crack Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Between 1935 and 1948, three devotional paintings, all Italian and from the fifteenth century, were installed in London’s Westminster Abbey. While these pictures are individually well known to art historians, it has yet to be asked how and why they came to be displayed in the modern church. This paper reconstructs that history and interrogates the motivations of those involved. It also asks what liturgical functions, if any, were assigned to these erstwhile Roman Catholic objects in their adopted Anglican surroundings. The findings show that a confluence of antiquarian sensibilities, a specific vein of Anglicanism, and patronal motivations that recall the original commissioning of these works of art, all came to bear on what were remarkable episodes in the afterlives of these pictures and in the history of Westminster Abbey.
On the Vorlage, Tendenz, and Scribal Negligence of AT Esth 1:10–15
Authors: Lee Lydia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this article, a section of the Alpha-Text Esther story (1:10–15) is brought to the foreground to reveal the hitherto unrecognized hints that point to the Hebrew Vorlage, the literary Tendenz, and the scribal negligence unparalleled in either the Septuagint or the Masoretic text. All these literary phenomena suggest that the Alpha-Text and the Masoretic text versions reflect two variant archetypes of a Hebrew text, but this does not mean that both archetypes cannot overlap at places. When the archetypes do overlap, some of the unique readings in the Alpha-Text actually reflect later exegeses or misunderstandings that are dependent on the readings preserved in both the Masoretic text and the Septuagint. The later exegeses in particular help locate the Sitz im Leben of Alpha-Text Esth 1:10–15 in the Hasmonean period and thereafter when the Jewish-gentile relationship is strained.
Shared Obligations and the Responsibility of an International Organization and Its Member States
Authors: Nedeski Nataša 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Discussions on the allocation of international responsibility between an international organization and its member states do not comprehensively engage with the role of obligations in assigning responsibility to the organization and/or its members. The present article sets out what will be termed an obligations-based approach to the allocation of international responsibility by exploring the phenomenon of sharing international obligations by an international organization and its members, as well as the implications thereof for their responsibility under international law. It will do so by focusing on the practice of concluding mixed agreements by the EU and its member states, which commonly results in overlapping obligations for the organization and its members. It is ultimately argued that a distinction should be made between two types of shared obligations in mixed agreements in order to untangle who can be held responsible in case of a breach: the EU, the member state(s), or both.
Some Notes on “playing Logos” in Ambiguum 71 of St Maximus the Confessor
Authors: Kurdybaylo Dmitry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the Ambigua to John 71, Maximus the Confessor discusses a passage of Gregory Nazianzen describing divine Logos that “plays in all kinds of forms.” The article emphasises four main approaches of the Ambiguum 71 to ‘acquit’ the image of ‘playful’ God. Firstly, St Maximus involves the hyperbolic language of Pseudo-Dionysius to indicate the superiority of divine ‘game’ over any kind of prudency or playfulness. Secondly, God’s playing can be discovered in His providence towards the sensible creations. The third step introduces all the material world as a God’s plaything, which can nevertheless be an object of natural contemplation. The fourth approach is merely moral, and its pathetic language conceals tensions between St Maximus’ and St Gregory’s patterns of thinking. Finally, all four parts are linked in a single structure derived from the triad “practical philosophy – natural contemplation – mystical theology,” which was often used by St Maximus.
Drought Relief and Reversal over North America from 1500 to 2016
Authors: Torbenson M. C. A. , Stahle D. W. , Howard I. M. , Burnette D. J. , Griffin D. , Villanueva-Díaz J. , Cook B. I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeason-to-season persistence of soil moisture drought varies across North America. Such interseasonal autocorrelation can have modest skill in forecasting future conditions several months in advance. Because robust instrumental observations of precipitation span less than 100 years, the temporal stability of the relationship between seasonal moisture anomalies is uncertain. The North American Seasonal Precipitation Atlas (NASPA) is a gridded network of separately reconstructed cool-season (December–April) and warm-season (May–July) precipitation series and offers new insights on the intra-annual changes in drought for up to 2000 years. Here, the NASPA precipitation reconstructions are rescaled to represent the long-term soil moisture balance during the cool season and 3-month-long atmospheric moisture during the warm season. These rescaled seasonal reconstructions are then used to quantify the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of cool-season drought that was relieved or reversed during the following summer months. The adjusted seasonal reconstructions reproduce the general patterns of large-scale drought amelioration and termination in the instrumental record during the twentieth century and are used to estimate relief and reversals for the most skillfully reconstructed past 500 years. Subcontinental-to-continental-scale reversals of cool-season drought in the following warm season have been rare, but the reconstructions display periods prior to the instrumental data of increased reversal probabilities for the mid-Atlantic region and the U.S. Southwest. Drought relief at the continental scale may arise in part from macroscale ocean–atmosphere processes, whereas the smaller-scale regional reversals may reflect land surface feedbacks and stochastic variability.
Is Alaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Greening or Browning? Resolving Mixed Signals of Tundra Vegetation Dynamics and Drivers in the Maritime Arctic
Authors: Frost Gerald V. , Bhatt Uma S. , Macander Matthew J. , Hendricks Amy S. , Jorgenson M. Torre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) is among the Arctic’s warmest, most biologically productive regions, but regional decline of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been a striking feature of spaceborne Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations since 1982. This contrast with “greening” prevalent elsewhere in the low Arctic raises questions concerning climatic and biophysical drivers of tundra productivity along maritime–continental gradients. We compared NDVI time series from AVHRR, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat for 2000–19 and identified trend drivers with reference to sea ice and climate datasets, ecosystem and disturbance mapping, field measurements of vegetation, and knowledge exchange with YKD elders. All time series showed increasing maximum NDVI; however, whereas MODIS and Landsat trends were very similar, AVHRR-observed trends were weaker and had dissimilar spatial patterns. The AVHRR and MODIS records for time-integrated NDVI were dramatically different; AVHRR indicated weak declines, whereas MODIS indicated strong increases throughout the YKD. Disagreement largely arose from observations during shoulder seasons, when there is partial snow cover and very high cloud frequency. Nonetheless, both records shared strong correlations with spring sea ice extent and summer warmth. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that, despite frequent disturbances and high interannual variability in spring sea ice and summer warmth, tundra productivity is increasing on the YKD. Although climatic drivers of tundra productivity were similar to more continental parts of the Arctic, our intercomparison highlights sources of uncertainty in maritime areas like the YKD that currently, or soon will, challenge historical concepts of “what is Arctic.”
Laparotomy for Abdominal Stab Wound With Combined Omental and Organ Evisceration: 10-Year Experience From a Major Trauma Centre in South Africa
Authors: Kong Victor , Cheung Cynthia , Rajaretnam Nigel , Sarvepalli Rohit , Xu William , Bruce John , Laing Grant , Clarke Damian 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Combined omental and organ evisceration following anterior abdominal stab wound (SW) is uncommon and there is a paucity of literature describing the management and spectrum of injuries encountered at laparotomy. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken on all patients who presented with anterior abdominal SW involving combined omental and organ evisceration who underwent laparotomy over a 10-year period from January 2008 to January 2018 at a major trauma centre in South Africa. Results A total of 61 patients were eligible for inclusion and all underwent laparotomy: 87% male, mean age: 29 years. Ninety-two percent (56/61) had a positive laparotomy whilst 8% (5/61) underwent a negative procedure. Of the 56 positive laparotomies, 91% (51/56) were considered therapeutic and 9% (5/56) were non-therapeutic. In addition to omental evisceration, 59% (36/61) had eviscerated small bowel, 28% (17/61) had eviscerated colon and 13% (8/61) had eviscerated stomach. A total of 92 organ injuries were identified. The most commonly injured organs were small bowel, large bowel and stomach. The overall complication rate was 11%. Twelve percent (7/61) required intensive care unit admission. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days. The overall mortality rate for all 61 patients was 2%. Conclusions The presence of combined omental and organ evisceration following abdominal SW mandates laparotomy. The small bowel, large bowel and stomach were the most commonly injured organs in this setting.
Clinical performance of the Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined in an algorithm with two specific anti-IgG immunoassays for the evaluation of the serological response of patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high prevalence of infection
Authors: Gabaldó-Barrios Xavier , Iftimie Simona , Hernández-Aguilera Anna , Pujol Isabel , Ballester Frederic , Fernández Luis , Cladellas Sara , Castro Antoni , Joven Jorge , Camps Jordi , Simó Josep M 
Published: July 2021

Background Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been used in the study of the immune response in infected patients. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity have been reported, depending on the method of analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an algorithm in which a high-throughput automated assay for total antibodies was used for screening and two semi-automated IgG-specific methods were used to confirm the results, and also to correlate the analytical results with the clinical data and the time elapsed since infection. Methods We studied 306 patients, some hospitalized and some outpatients, belonging to a population with a high prevalence of COVID-19. One-hundred and ten patients were classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative and 196 as positive by polymerase chain reaction. Results The algorithm and automated assay alone had a specificity and a positive predictive value of 100%, although the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the algorithm was higher. Both methods showed a good sensitivity from day 11 of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The absorbance of the total antibodies was significantly higher in severely symptomatic than in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, which suggests the antibody level was higher. We found 15 patients who did not present seroconversion at 12 days from the onset of symptoms or the first polymerase chain reaction test. Conclusion This study highlights the proper functioning of algorithms in the diagnosis of the immune response to COVID-19, which can help to define testing strategies against this disease.
Correlates of community rehabilitation service utilization among persons with psychiatric disabilities
Authors: Song Li-yu 
Published: July 2021

Background: The use community psychiatric rehabilitation (CPR) service could facilitate community tenure, autonomy, and recovery among persons with psychiatric disabilities. Nevertheless, based on existing scientific evidence, the conformance rate with the treatment recommendations was modest and the existing services are underutilized in Taiwan. Aims: This study examined the correlates of CPR service utilization based on the Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization. Especially, the effects of enabling factors were explored. Methods: Five hundred and ninety-two participants from 32 community psychiatric rehabilitation centers in Taiwan completed the questionnaire. There were three groups of independent variables: predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Multiple regression analysis with a hierarchical method of entry was performed. Results: The hypothesized model was significant. Eight independent variables in the model explained 29.3% of the variances in the service utilization. Three enabling factors were significant after controlling for the effects of other factors. The most important correlate was professional relationships followed by family support and welfare subsidy. Conclusions: The findings support that factors associated with CPR service utilization need to be examined separately from general mental health service. CPR program design and service delivery should consider the three most important enabling factors and the extent of service utilization could be enhanced.