bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungicidal effects on cement composites with recycled glass from photovoltaic panels
Authors: Kučová K , Máčalová K , Václavík V , Dvorský T , Vašinková M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research was focused on the effects of micromycetes on cement composites with 100% replacement of natural aggregate by the recycled glass from photovoltaic panels. The experiment was performed on samples of small beams measuring 40 x 40 x 8 mm (length x width x height) and cement crumbling with recycled glass from photovoltaic panels in percentages representing 10%, 20% and 40%. The representatives of the selected micromycetes were Aspergillus
niger, A. clavatus, Penicillium
glabrum, Cladosporium sp. and Zygomycetes sp. Biocorrosion causes changes in the properties of the material, mainly as a result of the action of microorganisms. Due to their large production of acids and enzymes, micromycetes are an important part of microscopic consortia involved in biocorrosion. This experiment focused on evaluating the effect of micromycetes on cement composites – solid structure and crumbling, with 100% replacement of natural aggregate with photovoltaic glass recyclate. The results show a high growth of biomass on solid composites, while on cement crumbling, the growth was minimal due to high pH value. Longer monitoring time was used in case of adaptation to the environment.
Waste production and waste management in the EU
Authors: Matušková S , Taušová M , Domaracká L , Tauš P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The constant growth of the population increases the demands on raw material resources, which is reflected in increasing pressure on the environment. The impact of mankind on the environment is nowadays an increasingly acute problem, which is being addressed by the governments of individual countries, not only the EU, through legislative interventions. The most addressed areas are the issue of production and subsequent waste management. Waste production in the world has been growing for a long time, which causes considerable problems for individual countries. Each country is currently looking for the optimal way of waste management to reuse it as secondary raw material. In this paper, we analysed twenty-eight EU countries in terms of production and waste management and found significant differences between countries. We looked for factors that lead to different results between countries in the production and management of waste, based on the population, the size of the country to the indicators of living standards, and legislation applicable to those countries.
Wastewater recycling and the possibility of its technical use in practice
Authors: Ondrasik F , Krocova S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In real practice, almost half of the water, after its technical or technological use in various degrees of pollution, is drained by sewerage systems to wastewater treatment plants and subsequently discharged into the recipients of rivers and streams. The current and especially the future method of urban and industrial wastewater treatment is at such a high level that the treated water, before its discharge into the recipients, has a higher degree of quality than the flowing surface water in the watercourse. Under these ever-improving conditions and possibilities, it is appropriate to use well-treated wastewater not only for the needs of agriculture, but also as an alternative supply of fire water for fire purposes. The dislocation of wastewater treatment plants (hereinafter WWTP) in territorial cadastres with safe access to the opened level of treated water allows its relatively rapid pumping at any time, especially in conditions where there is no other suitable natural or multipurpose source of fire water. The following article suggests in a basic way how to use the given options without the risk that the treated wastewater will not endanger the health of fire brigades or will not have the negative impact on the environment of the extinguished building and its surroundings in which the fire is extinguished.
Environmental urbanism and sustainable cities
Authors: Ostárek M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the links between sustainability and urbanism with a focus on the environment. In order to achieve the sustainability of cities, it is necessary to monitor the balance between economic, social and environmental interests, and urbanization is closely linked to this. Urbanism with a focus on the environment or ecological urbanism is a type that focuses on projects in ecological aspects, such as humidification, temperature reduction in the city, energy buildings, planting, urban surfaces, etc. Sustainability of cities is also one of the topics of the United Nations which generally addresses Sustainable Development Goals. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable cities, it is necessary to ensure access to trouble-free and affordable housing and services for all citizens by 2030. This development program is set for the time period 2015-2030. As far as the city is concerned, this in itself fundamentally affects the quality of the surrounding environment, especially interventions in undeveloped areas, land use and city administration. Spatial urban development is also focused in detail on searching and regeneration of unused areas which can have a negative impact in the form of slower growth or decline. The newly emerging BIM method, which demonstrably streamlines the management and development of cities, can also contribute to overall sustainability which further leads to the concept of smart cities. It is a concept of smart cities of urban development that moves to the sectors of management, energy, environment, infrastructure and population in an effort to streamline the management and development of cities using new methods. The result of the work is to show cities as the powerful player in reducing of greenhouse gas emissions which can help to build more liveable environment. Cities are not the biggest problem but the biggest opportunity for change.
Microsimulation of pedestrian conflict with other transport modes
Authors: Růžička J , Kruntorád J , Rek R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An effective solution of the conflict points of different transport modes is a significant issue at the urban level today. With the permanent increase of traffic in cities, it is necessary to look for suitable and sustainable transport solutions to these situations, so that the traffic flow is smooth and the transport remains safe, ecological and economical. The paper deals with the design of a simple decision-making tool for selecting the solution of pedestrian conflict with other traffic modes (classical pedestrian crossing, controlled pedestrian crossing for defined pedestrian and vehicle flows, based on experimental microsimulation. High pedestrian flows their dependence on the delay time of road users are not properly implemented in Czech legislation. The results are verified in a case study of conflict solution within the reconstruction of a public transport terminal in Prague.
Evaluation of urban water networks - Case study
Authors: Teichmann M , Kuta D , Szeligova N , Kuda F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The subject of the paper is the elaboration of the topic of modeling and optimization of the reliability of systems for drinking water supply in the town of Hlucin and the adjacent villages Bobrovniky and Darkovicky. The paper points out modern ways of management and maintenance of these buildings, eg in the form of passportization, unification of various types of documentation, records of failures and accidents, etc. The aim is to point out possible ways to optimize these buildings and overall evaluation of the water supply network, including the suitable renewal schedule design. These practices are essential for the efficient operation of water supply networks, especially nowadays, when there is a shortage of water and it is necessary to promote sustainable urban development through its economical management.
Performance of reservoir computing in a random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes complexed with polyoxometalate
Authors: Akai-Kasaya Megumi , Takeshima Yuki , Kan Shaohua , Nakajima Kohei , Oya Takahide , Asai Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Molecular neuromorphic devices are composed of a random and extremely dense network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) complexed with polyoxometalate (POM). Such devices are expected to have the rudimentary ability of reservoir computing (RC), which utilizes signal response dynamics and a certain degree of network complexity. In this study, we performed RC using multiple signals collected from a SWNT/POM random network. The signals showed a nonlinear response with wide diversity originating from the network complexity. The performance of RC was evaluated for various tasks such as waveform reconstruction, a nonlinear autoregressive model, and memory capacity. The obtained results indicated its high capability as a nonlinear dynamical system, capable of information processing incorporated into edge computing in future technologies.
Asymptotic constructions and invariants of graded linear series
Authors: Chang Chih-Wei , Jow Shin-Yao 
Published: December 2021

Let

X
X

be a complete variety of dimension

n
n

over an algebraically closed field

K

\mathbb {K}

. Let

V
∙

V_\bullet

be a graded linear series associated to a line bundle

L
L

on

X
X

, that is, a collection

{

V
m

}

m
∈

N

\{V_m\}_{m\in \mathbb {N}}

of vector subspaces

V
m

⊆

H
0

(
X
,

L

⊗
m

)

V_m\subseteq H^0(X,L^{\otimes m})

such that

V
0

=

K

V_0=\mathbb {K}

and

V
k

⋅

V
ℓ

⊆

V

k
+
ℓ

V_k\cdot V_\ell \subseteq V_{k+\ell }

for all

k
,
ℓ
∈

N

k,\ell \in \mathbb {N}

. For each

m
m

in the semigroup
\[

N

(

V
∙

)
=
{
m
∈

N

∣

V
m

≠
0
}
,

\mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )=\{m\in \mathbb {N}\mid V_m\ne 0\},

\]
the linear series

V
m

V_m

defines a rational map
\[

ϕ
m

:
X
⇢

Y
m

⊆

P

(

V
m

)
,

\phi _m\colon X\dashrightarrow Y_m\subseteq \mathbf {P}(V_m),

\]
where

Y
m

Y_m

denotes the closure of the image

ϕ
m

(
X
)

\phi _m(X)

. We show that for all sufficiently large

m
∈

N

(

V
∙

)

m\in \mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )

, these rational maps

ϕ
m

:
X
⇢

Y
m

\phi _m\colon X\dashrightarrow Y_m

are birationally equivalent, so in particular

Y
m

Y_m

are of the same dimension

κ
\kappa

, and if

κ
=
n

\kappa =n

then

ϕ
m

:
X
⇢

Y
m

\phi _m\colon X\dashrightarrow Y_m

are generically finite of the same degree. If

N

(

V
∙

)
≠
{
0
}

\mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )\ne \{0\}

, we show that the limit
\[

v
o

l
κ

(

V
∙

)
=

lim

m
∈

N

(

V
∙

)

dim

K

⁡

V
m

m
κ

/

κ
!

vol_\kappa (V_\bullet )=\lim _{m\in \mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )}\frac {\dim _\mathbb {K} V_m}{m^\kappa /\kappa !}

\]
exists, and

0
>
v
o

l
κ

(

V
∙

)
>
∞

0>vol_\kappa (V_\bullet )>\infty

. Moreover, if

Z
⊆
X

Z\subseteq X

is a general closed subvariety of dimension

κ
\kappa

, then the limit
\[

(

V
∙
κ

⋅
Z

)

m
o
v

=

lim

m
∈

N

(

V
∙

)

#

(

(

D

m
,
1

∩
⋯
∩

D

m
,
κ

∩
Z
)
∖
B
s
(

V
m

)

)

m
κ

(V_\bullet ^\kappa \cdot Z)_{\mathrm {mov}}=\lim _{m\in \mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )}\frac {\#\bigl ((D_{m,1}\cap \cdots \cap D_{m,\kappa }\cap Z)\setminus Bs(V_m)\bigr )}{m^\kappa }

\]
exists, where

D

m
,
1

,
…
,

D

m
,
κ

∈

|

V
m

|

D_{m,1},\ldots ,D_{m,\kappa }\in |V_m|

are general divisors, and
\[

(

V
∙
κ

⋅
Z

)

m
o
v

=
deg
⁡

(

ϕ
m

|

Z

:
Z
⇢

ϕ
m

(
Z
)

)

v
o

l
κ

(

V
∙

)

(V_\bullet ^\kappa \cdot Z)_{\mathrm {mov}}=\deg \bigl (\phi _m|_Z\colon Z\dashrightarrow \phi _m(Z)\bigr )vol_\kappa (V_\bullet )

\]
for all sufficiently large

m
∈

N

(

V
∙

)

m\in \mathbf {N}(V_\bullet )

.
AtANN1 and AtANN2 are involved in phototropism of etiolated hypocotyls of Arabidopsis by regulating auxin distribution
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Han Lijuan , Yin Hongmin , Zhao Zhenping , Cao Huishu , Shang Zhonglin , Kang Erfang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phototropism is an essential response in some plant organs and features several signalling molecules involved in either photo-sensing or post-sensing responses. Annexins are involved in regulating plant growth and its responses to various stimuli. Here, we provide novel data showing that two members of the Annexin family in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtANN1 and AtANN2, may be involved in the phototropism of etiolated hypocotyls. In wild type, unilateral blue light (BL) induced a strong phototropic response, while red light (RL) only induced a weak response. The responses of single- or double-null mutants of the two annexins, including atann1, atann2 and atann1/atann2, were significantly weaker than those observed in wild type, indicating the involvement of AtANN1 and AtANN2 in BL-induced phototropism. Unilateral BL induced asymmetric distribution of DR5-GFP and PIN3-GFP fluorescence in hypocotyls; notably, fluorescent intensity on the shaded side was markedly stronger than that on the illuminated side. In etiolated atann1, atann2 or atann1/atann2 hypocotyls, unilateral BL-induced asymmetric distributions of DR5-GFP and PIN3-GFP were weakened or impaired. Herein, we suggest that during hypocotyls phototropic response, AtANN1 and AtANN2 may be involved in BL-stimulated signalling by regulating PIN3-charged auxin transport.
Bayesian multivariate probability of success using historical data with type I error rate control
Authors: Alt Ethan M , Psioda Matthew A , Ibrahim Joseph G 
Published: December 2021

Summary
In clinical trials, it is common to have multiple clinical outcomes (e.g., coprimary endpoints or a primary and multiple secondary endpoints). It is often desirable to establish efficacy in at least one of multiple clinical outcomes, which leads to a multiplicity problem. In the frequentist paradigm, the most popular methods to correct for multiplicity are typically conservative. Moreover, despite guidance from regulators, it is difficult to determine the sample size of a future study with multiple clinical outcomes. In this article, we introduce a Bayesian methodology for multiple testing that asymptotically guarantees type I error control. Using a seemingly unrelated regression model, correlations between outcomes are specifically modeled, which enables inference on the joint posterior distribution of the treatment effects. Simulation results suggest that the proposed Bayesian approach is more powerful than the method of Holm (1979), which is commonly utilized in practice as a more powerful alternative to the ubiquitous Bonferroni correction. We further develop multivariate probability of success, a Bayesian method to robustly determine sample size in the presence of multiple outcomes.
Ambulatory blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability in kidney transplant recipients: a comparative study against haemodialysis patients
Authors: Korogiannou Maria , Sarafidis Pantelis , Alexandrou Maria Eleni , Theodorakopoulou Marieta P , Pella Eva , Xagas Efstathios , Argyris Antonis , Protogerou Athanase , Papagianni Aikaterini , Boletis Ioannis N , Marinaki Smaragdi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Preliminary data suggest similar ambulatory blood pressure (BP) levels in KTRs and haemodialysis (HD) patients. This is the first study comparing the full ambulatory BP profile and short-term BP variability (BPV) in KTRs versus HD patients.

Methods
A total of 204 KTRs were matched (2:1 ratio) with 102 HD patients for age and gender. BP levels, BP trajectories and BPV indices over a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in KTRs were compared against both the first and second 24-h periods of a standard 48-h ABPM in HD patients. To evaluate the effect of renal replacement treatment and time on ambulatory BP levels, a two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements was performed.

Results
KTRs had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse-pressure (PP) levels compared with HD patients during all periods studied (24-h SBP: KTR: 126.5 ± 12.1 mmHg; HD first 24 h: 132.0 ± 18.1 mmHg; P = 0.006; second 24 h: 134.3 ± 17.7 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001); no significant differences were noted for diastolic blood pressure levels with the exception of the second nighttime. Repeated measurements ANOVA showed a significant effect of renal replacement therapy modality and time on ambulatory SBP levels during all periods studied, and a significant interaction between them; the greatest between-group difference in BP (KTRs–HD in mmHg) was observed at the end of the second 24 h [–13.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval –21.5 to –6.2); P &lt; 0.001]. Ambulatory systolic and diastolic BPV indices were significantly lower in KTRs than in HD patients during all periods studied (24-h SBP average real variability: KTRs: 9.6 ± 2.3 mmHg; HD first 24 h: 10.3 ± 3.0 mmHg; P = 0.032; second 24 h: 11.5 ± 3.0 mmHg; P &lt; 0.001). No differences were noted in dipping pattern between the two groups.

Conclusions
SBP and PP levels and trajectories, and BPV were significantly lower in KTRs compared with age- and gender-matched HD patients during all periods studied. These findings suggest a more favourable ambulatory BP profile in KTRs, in contrast to previous observations.
A multibranch, multitarget neural network for rapid point-source inversion in a microseismic environment: examples from the Hengill Geothermal Field, Iceland
Authors: Nooshiri Nima , Bean Christopher J , Dahm Torsten , Grigoli Francesco , Kristjánsdóttir Sigríður , Obermann Anne , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYDespite advanced seismological techniques, automatic source characterization for microseismic earthquakes remains difficult and challenging since current inversion and modelling of high-frequency signals are complex and time consuming. For real-time applications such as induced seismicity monitoring, the application of standard methods is often not fast enough for true complete real-time information on seismic sources. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based on recent advances in deep learning for rapid source-parameter estimation of microseismic earthquakes. The seismic inversion is represented in compact form by two convolutional neural networks, with individual feature extraction, and a fully connected neural network, for feature aggregation, to simultaneously obtain full moment tensor and spatial location of microseismic sources. Specifically, a multibranch neural network algorithm is trained to encapsulate the information about the relationship between seismic waveforms and underlying point-source mechanisms and locations. The learning-based model allows rapid inversion (within a fraction of second) once input data are available. A key advantage of the algorithm is that it can be trained using synthetic seismic data only, so it is directly applicable to scenarios where there are insufficient real data for training. Moreover, we find that the method is robust with respect to perturbations such as observational noise and data incompleteness (missing stations). We apply the new approach on synthesized and example recorded small magnitude (M ≤ 1.6) earthquakes at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in the Hengill area, Iceland. For the examined events, the model achieves excellent performance and shows very good agreement with the inverted solutions determined through standard methodology. In this study, we seek to demonstrate that this approach is viable for microseismicity real-time estimation of source parameters and can be integrated into advanced decision-support tools for controlling induced seismicity.
Assessment of cerebral spinal fluid biomarkers and microRNA-mediated disease mechanisms in spinal muscular atrophy patient samples
Authors: Welby Emily , Rehborg Rebecca J , Harmelink Matthew , Ebert Allison D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is a promising biospecimen for the detection of central nervous system biomarkers to monitor therapeutic efficacy at the cellular level in neurological diseases. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients receiving intrathecal antisense oligonucleotide (nusinersen) therapy tend to show improved motor function, but the treatment effect on cellular health remains unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of extracellular RNAs and microRNAs in SMA patient CSF as indicators of neuron and glial health following nusinersen treatment. Extracellular RNA analysis of CSF samples revealed ongoing cellular stress related to inflammation and glial differentiation, even after treatment administration. Downregulated microRNA expression associated with SMA-specific or general motor neuron dysfunction in animal and cellular models, tended to increase in nusinersen-treated patient CSF samples and correlated with SMA Type 1 and 2 motor functioning improvements. However, miR-146a, known to be upregulated in SMA-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, showed increased expression in nusinersen-treated CSF samples. We then used mRNA sequencing and multi-electrode arrays to assess the transcriptional and functional effects of miR-146a on healthy and SMA iPSC-derived motor neurons. miR-146a treatment on iPSC-derived motor neurons led to a downregulation of extracellular matrix genes associated with synaptic perineuronal net and alterations in spontaneous electrophysiological activity. Altogether, this study suggests that extracellular RNAs and microRNAs may serve as useful biomarkers to monitor cellular health during nusinersen treatment. Moreover, these data highlight the importance of addressing astrocyte health and response to nusinersen in SMA pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
County-level socio-economic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in the USA
Authors: Dukhovnov Denys , Barbieri Magali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary studies have suggested a link between socio-economic characteristics and COVID-19 mortality. Such studies have been carried out on particular geographies within the USA or selective data that do not represent the complete experience for 2020.MethodsWe estimated COVID-19 mortality rates, number of years of life lost to SARS-CoV-2 and reduction in life expectancy during each of the three pandemic waves in 2020 for 3144 US counties grouped into five socio-economic status categories, using daily death data from the Johns Hopkins University of Medicine and weekly mortality age structure from the Centers for Disease Control.ResultsDuring March–May 2020, COVID-19 mortality was highest in the most socio-economically advantaged quintile of counties and lowest in the two most-disadvantaged quintiles. The pattern reversed during June–August and widened by September–December, such that COVID-19 mortality rates were 2.58 times higher in the bottom than in the top quintile of counties. Differences in the number of years of life lost followed a similar pattern, ultimately resulting in 1.002 (1.000, 1.004) million years in the middle quintile to 1.381 (1.378, 1.384) million years of life lost in the first (most-disadvantaged) quintile during the whole year.ConclusionsDiverging trajectories of COVID-19 mortality among the poor and affluent counties indicated a progressively higher rate of loss of life among socio-economically disadvantaged communities. Accounting for socio-economic disparities when allocating resources to control the spread of the infection and to reinforce local public health infrastructure would reduce inequities in the mortality burden of the disease.