bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Solitary Waves in the Earth's Bow Shock: Nature, Properties, Lifetimes, and Origin
Authors: Wang R. , Vasko I. Y. , Mozer F. S. , Bale S. D. , Kuzichev I. V. , Artemyev A. V. , Steinvall K. , Ergun R. , Giles B. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a statistical analysis of >2,100 bipolar electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) collected from 10 quasi‐perpendicular Earth's bow shock crossings by Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. We developed and implemented a correction procedure for reconstruction of actual electric fields, velocities, and other properties of ESW, whose spatial scales are typically comparable with or smaller than spatial distance between voltage‐sensitive probes. We found that more than 95% of the ESW are of negative polarity with amplitudes typically below a few Volts and 0.1Te (5–30 V or 0.1–0.3Te for a few percent of ESW), spatial scales of 10–100 m or λD–10λD, and velocities from a few tens to a few hundred km/s that is on the order of local ion‐acoustic speed. The spatial scales of ESW are correlated with local Debye length λD. The ESW have electric fields generally oblique to magnetic field and they propagate highly oblique to shock normal N; more than 80% of ESW propagate within 30° of the shock plane LM. In the shock plane, ESW typically propagates within a few tens of degrees of local magnetic field projection BLM and preferentially opposite to N × BLM. We argue that the ESW of negative polarity are ion holes produced by ion‐ion streaming instabilities. We estimate ion hole lifetimes to be 10–100 ms, or 1–10 km in terms of traveling distance. The revealed statistical properties will be useful for quantitative studies of electron thermalization in the Earth's bow shock.
Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres
Authors: Bashan Gil , Diamandi Hilel Hagai , London Yosef , Sharma Kavita , Shemer Keren , Zehavi Elad , Zadok Avi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOpto-mechanical interactions in guided wave media are drawing great interest in fundamental research and applications. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, in particular, is widely investigated in optical fibres and photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we report a comprehensive study of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering over standard, panda-type polarization maintaining fibres. We distinguish between intra-polarization scattering, in which two pump tones are co-polarized along one principal axis, and inter-polarization processes driven by orthogonally polarized pump waves. Both processes are quantified in analysis, calculations and experiment. Inter-modal scattering, in particular, introduces cross-polarization switching of probe waves that is non-reciprocal. Switching takes place in multiple wavelength windows. The results provide a first demonstration of opto-mechanical non-reciprocity of forward scatter in standard fibre. The inter-polarization process is applicable to distributed sensors of media outside the cladding and coating boundaries, where light cannot reach. The process may be scaled towards forward Brillouin lasers, optical isolators and circulators and narrowband microwave-photonic filters over longer sections of off-the-shelf polarization maintaining fibres.
Dynamics of amygdala connectivity in bipolar disorders: a longitudinal study across mood states
Authors: Rey Gwladys , Bolton Thomas A. W. , Gaviria Julian , Piguet Camille , Preti Maria Giulia , Favre Sophie , Aubry Jean-Michel , Van De Ville Dimitri , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlterations in activity and connectivity of brain circuits implicated in emotion processing and emotion regulation have been observed during resting-state for different clinical phases of bipolar disorders (BD), but longitudinal investigations across different mood states in the same patients are still rare. Furthermore, measuring dynamics of functional connectivity patterns offers a powerful method to explore changes in the brain’s intrinsic functional organization across mood states. We used a novel co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis to explore the dynamics of amygdala connectivity at rest in a cohort of 20 BD patients prospectively followed-up and scanned across distinct mood states: euthymia (20 patients; 39 sessions), depression (12 patients; 18 sessions), or mania/hypomania (14 patients; 18 sessions). We compared them to 41 healthy controls scanned once or twice (55 sessions). We characterized temporal aspects of dynamic fluctuations in amygdala connectivity over the whole brain as a function of current mood. We identified six distinct networks describing amygdala connectivity, among which an interoceptive-sensorimotor CAP exhibited more frequent occurrences during hypomania compared to other mood states, and predicted more severe symptoms of irritability and motor agitation. In contrast, a default-mode CAP exhibited more frequent occurrences during depression compared to other mood states and compared to controls, with a positive association with depression severity. Our results reveal distinctive interactions between amygdala and distributed brain networks in different mood states, and foster research on interoception and default-mode systems especially during the manic and depressive phase, respectively. Our study also demonstrates the benefits of assessing brain dynamics in BD.
Associations of body composition and physical fitness with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in pregnancy: Results from the HealthyMoms trial
Authors: Henriksson Pontus , Sandborg Johanna , Söderström Emmie , Leppänen Marja H. , Snekkenes Victoria , Blomberg Marie , Ortega Francisco B. , Löf Marie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine associations of body composition (fat mass index, % fat mass, fat-free mass index, body mass index) and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and handgrip strength) with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health in early pregnancy. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data (n = 303) collected in early pregnancy from the HealthyMoms trial. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by means of the 6-min walk test and handgrip strength using a dynamometer. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for gestational diabetes as well as high (defined as 1 SD above the mean) blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and metabolic syndrome score (MetS score) per 1 SD increase in body composition and fitness variables. Fat mass index, % fat mass and body mass index were all strongly associated with gestational diabetes (ORs: 1.72–2.14, P ≤ 0.003), HOMA-IR (ORs: 3.01–3.80, P < 0.001), blood pressure (ORs: 1.81–2.05, P < 0.001) and MetS score (ORs: 3.29–3.71, P < 0.001). Associations with fat-free mass index were considerably weaker (ORs: 1.26–1.82, P = 0.001–0.15) and were strongly attenuated after adjustments for fat mass index (ORs: 0.88–1.54, P = 0.039–0.68). Finally, greater cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower risk of high HOMA-IR and MetS score (ORs: 0.57–0.63, P  ≤ 0.004) although these associations were attenuated when accounting for fat mass index (ORs: 1.08-1.11, P ≥ 0.61). In conclusion, accurately measured fat mass index or % fat mass were strongly associated with gestational diabetes risk and markers of cardiovascular health although associations were not stronger than the corresponding ones for body mass index. Fat-free mass index had only weak associations with gestational diabetes and cardiovascular health which support that the focus during clinical care would be on excess fat mass and not fat-free mass.
The combination of CUDC-907 and gilteritinib shows promising in vitro and in vivo antileukemic activity against FLT3-ITD AML
Authors: Qiao Xinan , Ma Jun , Knight Tristan , Su Yongwei , Edwards Holly , Polin Lisa , Li Jing , Kushner Juiwanna , Dzinic Sijana H. , White Kathryn , Wang Jian , Lin Hai , Wang Yue , Wang Liping , Wang Guan , Taub Jeffrey W. , Ge Yubin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbout 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harbor FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations and their prognosis remains poor. Gilteritinib is a FLT3 inhibitor approved by the US FDA for use in adult FLT3-mutated relapsed or refractory AML patients. Monotherapy, while efficacious, shows short-lived responses, highlighting the need for combination therapies. Here we show that gilteritinib and CUDC-907, a dual inhibitor of PI3K and histone deacetylases, synergistically induce apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cell lines and primary patient samples and have striking in vivo efficacy. Upregulation of FLT3 and activation of ERK are mechanisms of resistance to gilteritinib, while activation of JAK2/STAT5 is a mechanism of resistance to CUDC-907. Gilteritinib and CUDC-907 reciprocally overcome these mechanisms of resistance. In addition, the combined treatment results in cooperative downregulation of cellular metabolites and persisting antileukemic effects. CUDC-907 plus gilteritinib shows synergistic antileukemic activity against FLT3-ITD AML in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating strong translational therapeutic potential.
H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1 regulates chondrocyte differentiation for skeletal development and fracture repair
Authors: Shao Rui , Zhang Zhong , Xu Zhan , Ouyang Huiling , Wang Lijun , Ouyang Hongwei , Greenblatt Matthew , Chen Xi , Zou Weiguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChondrocyte differentiation is a critical process for endochondral ossification, which is responsible for long bone development and fracture repair. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional control of chondrocyte differentiation; however, epigenetic regulation of chondrocyte differentiation remains to be further studied. NSD1 is a H3K36 (histone H3 at lysine 36) methyltransferase. Here, we showed that mice with Nsd1 deficiency in Prx1+ mesenchymal progenitors but not in Col2+ chondrocytes showed impaired skeletal growth and fracture healing accompanied by decreased chondrogenic differentiation. Via combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, we identified sex determining region Y box 9 (Sox9), the key transcription factor of chondrogenic differentiation, as a functional target gene of NSD1. Mechanistically, NSD1 regulates Sox9 expression by modulating H3K36me1 and H3K36me2 levels in the Sox9 promoter region, constituting a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of chondrogenesis. Moreover, we found that NSD1 can directly activate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which plays a vital role in chondrogenic differentiation through its regulation of Sox9 expression. Collectively, the results of our study reveal crucial roles of NSD1 in regulating chondrogenic differentiation, skeletal growth, and fracture repair and expand our understanding of the function of epigenetic regulation in chondrogenesis and skeletal biology.
Targeting angiogenesis for fracture nonunion treatment in inflammatory disease
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Ying Jun , Nie Xiaolei , Zhou Tianhong , Xiao Ding , Swarnkar Gaurav , Abu-Amer Yousef , Guan Jianjun , Shen Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtrophic fracture nonunion poses a significant clinical problem with limited therapeutic interventions. In this study, we developed a unique nonunion model with high clinical relevance using serum transfer-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritic mice displayed fracture nonunion with the absence of fracture callus, diminished angiogenesis and fibrotic scar tissue formation leading to the failure of biomechanical properties, representing the major manifestations of atrophic nonunion in the clinic. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the angiogenesis defect observed in RA mice was due to the downregulation of SPP1 and CXCL12 in chondrocytes, as evidenced by the restoration of angiogenesis upon SPP1 and CXCL12 treatment in vitro. In this regard, we developed a biodegradable scaffold loaded with SPP1 and CXCL12, which displayed a beneficial effect on angiogenesis and fracture repair in mice despite the presence of inflammation. Hence, these findings strongly suggest that the sustained release of SPP1 and CXCL12 represents an effective therapeutic approach to treat impaired angiogenesis and fracture nonunion under inflammatory conditions.
Solvent-induced electrochemistry at an electrically asymmetric carbon Janus particle
Authors: Liu Albert Tianxiang , Kunai Yuichiro , Cottrill Anton L. , Kaplan Amir , Zhang Ge , Kim Hyunah , Mollah Rafid S. , Eatmon Yannick L. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemical doping through heteroatom substitution is often used to control the Fermi level of semiconductor materials. Doping also occurs when surface adsorbed molecules modify the Fermi level of low dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes. A gradient in dopant concentration, and hence the chemical potential, across such a material generates usable electrical current. This opens up the possibility of creating asymmetric catalytic particles capable of generating voltage from a surrounding solvent that imposes such a gradient, enabling electrochemical transformations. In this work, we report that symmetry-broken carbon particles comprised of high surface area single-walled carbon nanotube networks can effectively convert exothermic solvent adsorption into usable electrical potential, turning over electrochemical redox processes in situ with no external power supply. The results from ferrocene oxidation and the selective electro-oxidation of alcohols underscore the potential of solvent powered electrocatalytic particles to extend electrochemical transformation to various environments.
The steroid-hormone ecdysone coordinates parallel pupariation neuromotor and morphogenetic subprograms via epidermis-to-neuron Dilp8-Lgr3 signal induction
Authors: Heredia Fabiana , Volonté Yanel , Pereirinha Joana , Fernandez-Acosta Magdalena , Casimiro Andreia P. , Belém Cláudia G. , Viegas Filipe , Tanaka Kohtaro , Menezes Juliane , Arana Maite , Cardoso Gisele A. , Macedo André , Kotowicz Malwina , Prado Spalm Facundo H. , Dibo Marcos J. , Monfardini Raquel D. , Torres Tatiana T. , Mendes César S. , Garelli Andres , Gontijo Alisson M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInnate behaviors consist of a succession of genetically-hardwired motor and physiological subprograms that can be coupled to drastic morphogenetic changes. How these integrative responses are orchestrated is not completely understood. Here, we provide insight into these mechanisms by studying pupariation, a multi-step innate behavior of Drosophila larvae that is critical for survival during metamorphosis. We find that the steroid-hormone ecdysone triggers parallel pupariation neuromotor and morphogenetic subprograms, which include the induction of the relaxin-peptide hormone, Dilp8, in the epidermis. Dilp8 acts on six Lgr3-positive thoracic interneurons to couple both subprograms in time and to instruct neuromotor subprogram switching during behavior. Our work reveals that interorgan feedback gates progression between subunits of an innate behavior and points to an ancestral neuromodulatory function of relaxin signaling.
Overcoming the water oxidative limit for ultra-high-workfunction hole-doped polymers
Authors: Koh Qi-Mian , Tang Cindy Guanyu , Ang Mervin Chun-Yi , Choo Kim-Kian , Seah Qiu-Jing , Png Rui-Qi , Chua Lay-Lay , Ho Peter K. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is widely thought that the water-oxidation reaction limits the maximum work function to about 5.25 eV for hole-doped semiconductors exposed to the ambient, constrained by the oxidation potential of air-saturated water. Here, we show that polymer organic semiconductors, when hole-doped, can show work functions up to 5.9 eV, and yet remain stable in the ambient. We further show that de-doping of the polymer is not determined by the oxidation of bulk water, as previously thought, due to its general absence, but by the counter-balancing anion and its ubiquitously hydrated complexes. The effective donor levels of these species, representing the edge of the ‘chemical’ density of states, can be depressed to about 6.0 eV below vacuum level. This can be achieved by raising the oxidation potential for hydronium generation, using large super-acid anions that are themselves also stable against oxidation. In this way, we demonstrate that poly(fluorene-alt-triarylamine) derivatives with tethered perfluoroalkyl-sulfonylimidosulfonyl anions can provide ambient solution-processability directly in the ultrahigh-workfunction hole-doped state to give films with good thermal stability. These results lay the path for design of soft materials for battery, bio-electronic and thermoelectric applications.
Private communication with quantum cascade laser photonic chaos
Authors: Spitz Olivier , Herdt Andreas , Wu Jiagui , Maisons Grégory , Carras Mathieu , Wong Chee-Wei , Elsäßer Wolfgang , Grillot Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMid-infrared free-space optical communication has a large potential for high speed communication due to its immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, data security against eavesdroppers is among the obstacles for private free-space communication. Here, we show that two uni-directionally coupled quantum cascade lasers operating in the chaotic regime and the synchronization between them allow for the extraction of the information that has been camouflaged in the chaotic emission. This building block represents a key tool to implement a high degree of privacy directly on the physical layer. We realize a proof-of-concept communication at a wavelength of 5.7 μm with a message encryption at a bit rate of 0.5 Mbit/s. Our demonstration of private free-space communication between a transmitter and receiver opens strategies for physical encryption and decryption of a digital message.
Multimodal host–guest complexation for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Hong , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Zhou Zhiwen , Mladenović Marko , Jahanbakhshi Farzaneh , Merten Lena , Hinderhofer Alexander , Hope Michael A. , Ouellette Olivier , Mishra Aditya , Ahlawat Paramvir , Ren Dan , Su Tzu-Sen , Krishna Anurag , Wang Zaiwei , Dong Zhaowen , Guo Jinming , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Schreiber Frank , Hagfeldt Anders , Emsley Lyndon , Rothlisberger Ursula , Milić Jovana V. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFormamidinium lead iodide perovskites are promising light-harvesting materials, yet stabilizing them under operating conditions without compromising optimal optoelectronic properties remains challenging. We report a multimodal host–guest complexation strategy to overcome this challenge using a crown ether, dibenzo-21-crown-7, which acts as a vehicle that assembles at the interface and delivers Cs+ ions into the interior while modulating the material. This provides a local gradient of doping at the nanoscale that assists in photoinduced charge separation while passivating surface and bulk defects, stabilizing the perovskite phase through a synergistic effect of the host, guest, and host–guest complex. The resulting solar cells show power conversion efficiencies exceeding 24% and enhanced operational stability, maintaining over 95% of their performance without encapsulation for 500 h under continuous operation. Moreover, the host contributes to binding lead ions, reducing their environmental impact. This supramolecular strategy illustrates the broad implications of host–guest chemistry in photovoltaics.
Endometrial receptivity and implantation require uterine BMP signaling through an ACVR2A-SMAD1/SMAD5 axis
Authors: Monsivais Diana , Nagashima Takashi , Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen Renata , Nozawa Kaori , Shimada Keisuke , Tang Suni , Hamor Clark , Agno Julio E. , Chen Fengju , Masand Ramya P. , Young Steven L. , Creighton Chad J. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Ikawa Masahito , Lee Se-Jin , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring early pregnancy in the mouse, nidatory estrogen (E2) stimulates endometrial receptivity by activating a network of signaling pathways that is not yet fully characterized. Here, we report that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control endometrial receptivity via a conserved activin receptor type 2 A (ACVR2A) and SMAD1/5 signaling pathway. Mice were generated to contain single or double conditional deletion of SMAD1/5 and ACVR2A/ACVR2B receptors using progesterone receptor (PR)-cre. Female mice with SMAD1/5 deletion display endometrial defects that result in the development of cystic endometrial glands, a hyperproliferative endometrial epithelium during the window of implantation, and impaired apicobasal transformation that prevents embryo implantation and leads to infertility. Analysis of Acvr2a-PRcre and Acvr2b-PRcre pregnant mice determined that BMP signaling occurs via ACVR2A and that ACVR2B is dispensable during embryo implantation. Therefore, BMPs signal through a conserved endometrial ACVR2A/SMAD1/5 pathway that promotes endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation.
Towards an engineering theory of evolution
Authors: Castle Simeon D. , Grierson Claire S. , Gorochowski Thomas E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiological technologies are fundamentally unlike any other because biology evolves. Bioengineering therefore requires novel design methodologies with evolution at their core. Knowledge about evolution is currently applied to the design of biosystems ad hoc. Unless we have an engineering theory of evolution, we will neither be able to meet evolution’s potential as an engineering tool, nor understand or limit its unintended consequences for our biological designs. Here, we propose the evotype as a helpful concept for engineering the evolutionary potential of biosystems, or other self-adaptive technologies, potentially beyond the realm of biology.
Anchor extension: a structure-guided approach to design cyclic peptides targeting enzyme active sites
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Watson Paris R. , Craven Timothy W. , Li Xinting , Rettie Stephen , Pardo-Avila Fátima , Bera Asim K. , Mulligan Vikram Khipple , Lu Peilong , Ford Alexander S. , Weitzner Brian D. , Stewart Lance J. , Moyer Adam P. , Di Piazza Maddalena , Whalen Joshua G. , Greisen Per , Christianson David W. , Baker David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite recent success in computational design of structured cyclic peptides, de novo design of cyclic peptides that bind to any protein functional site remains difficult. To address this challenge, we develop a computational “anchor extension” methodology for targeting protein interfaces by extending a peptide chain around a non-canonical amino acid residue anchor. To test our approach using a well characterized model system, we design cyclic peptides that inhibit histone deacetylases 2 and 6 (HDAC2 and HDAC6) with enhanced potency compared to the original anchor (IC50 values of 9.1 and 4.4 nM for the best binders compared to 5.4 and 0.6 µM for the anchor, respectively). The HDAC6 inhibitor is among the most potent reported so far. These results highlight the potential for de novo design of high-affinity protein-peptide interfaces, as well as the challenges that remain.