bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaplastic Angiocentric Glioma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Donev Kliment , Scheithauer Bernd , Ketterling Rhett 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Angiocentric gliomas (ACG) are low grade, epileptogenic tumors with a good prognosis. Only one case of ACG with anaplastic features has been described. We report two examples.Methods: Routinely processed tissue used for histology, immunochemistry and FISH analysis.Results: Case1: 38‐man Two years chronic, worsening seizures. Resection frontal lobe primary (1995) and recurrence (2007).Case 2: 79 woman. Memory deficit and expressive dysphasia. Enhancing temporal lobe mass.Conclusions: The spectrum of ACG includes ependymal and astrocytic features. High grade transformation is uncommon and evidenced by histology, MIB‐1 elevation, strong p53 reactivity and a complex karyotype. The behavior of anaplstic ACG remains to be determined.
Regulatory T cells alleviate allergic airway hyper‐responsiveness by modulating angiogenesis of airway remodelling via Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Miao‐Tzu , Kang Chi , Chou Yu‐Bin , Wang Chi‐Chiang , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chiang Bor‐Luen 
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation and airway remodelling are two key features of asthma. Whilst CD4+CD25+ Treg cells have been shown to prevent allergen induced airway inflammation, the role of Treg cells in asthma with established airway remodelling has not been investigated. To address this issue, we induced airway remodelling in OVA‐sensitized mice by chronic aerosol OVA exposure, followed by adoptive transfers of OVA peptide‐specific Treg cells. Without further allergen challenges, residual leukocyte infiltrates in the lungs can be found regardless of the cell types transferred. Airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary vasculature were significantly reduced after Treg transfers (P<0.001), suggesting a relationship between pulmonary vasculature and AHR and an anti‐angiogenic effect of Treg cells in airway remodelling. A direct anti‐angiogenic function of Treg cells was validated by both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays which showed a significant reduction of vessel formation at the presence of Treg cells (P<0.001). Notch signaling pathway is known to regulate both peripheral T cell differentiation and angiogenesis. We found that the anti‐angiogenic effect of Treg cells was abrogated by pre‐incubation with recombinant Notch‐Fc proteins. This study demonstrates a novel function of Treg cells in chronic airway inflammation where Treg inhibits angiogenic remodelling via Notch signaling pathway.The project was supported by grants from the Taiwan National Science Council and National Taiwan University Hospital.
Functional Imaging of Cannabinoid‐Mediated G‐Protein Activity in the 3D Reconstructed Mouse Brain
Authors: Nguyen Peter , Selley Dana , Sim‐Selley Laura 
Published: June 2021

Receptor‐mediated G‐protein activity has been examined in select regions that mediate the effects of cannabinoids (CBs). However, the relationship between ligand type and region specific CB receptor function has not been systematically addressed using a novel 3D unbiased image analysis approach. We first mapped the anatomical profile of the relative efficacy of the CB agonists WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN), CP‐55,940 (CP), methanandamide (M‐AEA) using agonist‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS autoradiography, and data were normalized to %WIN stimulation. M‐AEA and CP were less efficacious than WIN in most regions, however both were equally or more efficacious than WIN in the thalamus and subset of cortex. We then used a voxel‐based approach, Statistical Parametric Mapping, to functionally map WIN‐ v.s. M‐AEA‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding in the 3D reconstructed mouse brain. WIN activity was significantly greater than M‐AEA in most regions, which is in agreement with WIN acting as a full agonist. However, WIN activity was not different from M‐AEA in most thalamic nuclei, in agreement with our relative efficacy maps. The ability to reconstruct a 3D dataset from autoradiographs enhances our ability to examine ligand dependent regulation of CB receptor function. Using a whole‐brain approach allows us to comprehensively localize the spatial extent and regional differences in CB‐mediated G‐protein activity.Supported by DA14277
ERK, p38 and JNK MAPK are differently distributed and activated in the anoxic‐reogygenated embryonic heart
Authors: Gardier Stephany , Pedretti Sarah , Sarre Alexandre , Raddatz Eric 
Published: June 2021

Involvement of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) ERK, p38 and JNK in the response of the developing heart to anoxia‐reoxygenation is not known. In an embryonic heart model we sought to determine the activation of MAPKs in atria (A), ventricle (V) and outflow tract (OT) during anoxia‐reoxygenation and after a severe oxidative stress.Content of MAPKs and their profile of activation during 30 min of anoxia and 60 min of reoxygenation were assessed by western immunoblotting and kinase assay in A, V and OT of hearts isolated from 4‐day‐old chick embryos. MAPKs phosphorylation was also determined after exposure to H2O2 (1mM, 1h).Basal total and phosphorylated forms of ERK, p38 and JNK were the highest in V. Phosphorylation of ERK decreased twofold in A during anoxia, that of p38 increased twofold in A and V and returned to basal level at the end of reoxygenation. In OT, phosphorylation of ERK and p38 was not detectable. JNK activity peaked fivefold only in V after 30 min of reoxygenation. Exogenous H2O2 increased ERK and p38 phosphorylation more markedly in A and OT, with no effect on JNK.Thus, in the embryonic heart ERK, p38 and JNK are differently distributed and modulated by anoxia‐reoxygenation and oxyradicals. Such findings provide a first step in understanding modulation of the MAPK cascades in the fetal heart subjected to intrauterine hypoxia.Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation n°3100A0‐105901
Increased myogenic precursor cell number in human skeletal muscle with 12 weeks of training at low intensity
Authors: Mackey Abigail Louise , Holm Lars , Reitelseder Søren , Pedersen Troels Gravers , Kadi Fawzi , Døssing Simon , Kjaer Michael 
Published: June 2021

Satellite cells increase in number with heavy resistance training, but the response to very light muscle loading is unknown. We recruited 12 young healthy male (mean age 25 ± SD 3 yrs) volunteers to train one leg with a heavy load (H) and the other leg with a light load (L), for 12 weeks. We hypothesized that, compared to L training, H training would induce a greater response of the satellite cell pool. Satellite cells were visualised by immunohistochemistry on muscle biopsies collected from the m. vastus lateralis of both legs before and after the training period. Compared to the pre training values, there was a significant increase in the number of NCAM+ cells (per myonuclear number) post training in both groups (H: from 4.16 ± 1.01 to 5.32 ± 1.22; L: from 4.01 ± 0.78 to 4.72 ± 1.72; mean ± SD, p < 0.05). The finding that 12 weeks of training skeletal muscle with very low loads can induce an increase in the number of satellite cells reveals a new aspect of myogenic precursor cell activation. This knowledge could be relevant in considering training regimens where heavy resistance training is not possible.Funded by Lundbeck Foundation and the Danish National Research Foundation.
Estrogen receptor (ER) α and β and Aromatase knock‐out (ArKO) effects on muscle development in male mice
Authors: ferreira Andries Johan , Lubahn Dennis B , Brown Marybeth 
Published: June 2021

ERs have been identified in male muscle but whether estrogen (E2) exerts its effects through ERα or ERβ is unclear. Direct E2 effects on developing muscle were also determined in ArKO. All comparisons were made to corresponding wild type (WT) controls. Muscle mass, particularly in fast‐fibered gastrocnemius (Gast) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) (not soleus or plantaris) was diminished in ERα but not ERβ. Most absolute mass measures, and 3 of 4 muscles normalized to body weight were significantly lower in ArKO mice compared with WT. Normalized muscle mass/body weight was still lower in ERAα Gast and TA but not in the ERβ group. There was no difference between WT and KO mice in peak force, force/area, force/velocity, time to peak tension or ½ relaxation time. Total protein and contractile protein myosin in Gast and TA were similar in WT and KO, further indication that contractile function was not affected by KO status. Results suggest ERαKO and ArKO may directly regulate muscle growth without affecting contractile function. The presence or absence of ERβ does not alter skeletal muscle function in male mice. Estrogen may be required for complete muscle size during development.Support: Spinal Injuries Board, Research Board
Acetaldehyde and Hexanaldehyde in Cultured White Cells
Authors: Shin Hye‐Won , Umber Brandon J , Meinardi Simone , Leu Szu‐Yun , Zaldivar Frank , Blake Donald R , Cooper Dan M 
Published: June 2021

We hypothesized that human white blood cells generate gas profiles, in particular, aldehydes, that are likely products of substrate degradation. To test this, we developed a bioreactor and analytical GC/MS system to accurately quantify trace gases emitted solely from cell/media culture. A human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, grown in serum‐free medium was used as a model system in this study. Non‐stimulated HL60 cells released acetaldehyde and hexanaldehyde to the gas phase in a time‐dependent manner. The mean (SD) of acetaldehyde and hexanaldehyde concentration following 4‐, 24‐ and 48‐hour incubation from non‐stimulated HL60 cells were 157 (13) ppbv, 490 (99) ppbv, 698 (87) ppbv, and 1 (0.3) ppbv, 8 (2) ppbv, and 11 (2) ppbv, respectively. Our experimental system permitted us to distinguish gases likely originating in the cell culture from contaminants such as styrene. This study demonstrates that non‐stimulated human immune cells produce volatile gases that can be measured in vitro in trace amounts.(R01‐HL‐080947 and P01‐HD‐048721, D.M.C and Physical Sciences Dean's Innovation fund, D.R. B.).
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand RANKL in vascular tissue
Authors: Olesen Malene , Skov Vibe , Ledet Thomas , Rasmussen Lars Melholt 
Published: June 2021

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is increased in arterial tissue from diabetic patients. OPG knock out mice develop vascular calcifications indicating that OPG is an inhibitor of the development of calcification. However, the observed calcifications may be secondary to osteoporosis in these animals. Furthermore, OPG neutralize the function of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐¿B ligand (RANKL).The project aim is to investigate direct functions of OPG and RANKL in vascular cells, including whether OPG is an inhibitor of the development of vascular calcification in vitro, without the interference of bone metabolism.OPG was knocked down in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) using siRNA. Microarray analysis was performed to investigate whether lack of OPG upregulates the expression of calcification‐associated genes. Pathway analysis (GenMAPP) showed no significant upregulation of the calcification‐associated gene group. Therefore, it was not possible to show that OPG is an inhibitor of calcification as suggested in animal studies.HVSMCs treated with OPG siRNA following stimulation with RANKL resulted in downregulation of the insulin signaling pathway (GenMAPP). The effect of RANKL on insulin signaling is a novel observation, which may provide an interesting putative link between the OPG‐RANKL balance and insulin signaling in diabetic patient.Research support: Novo Nordisk
Effects of food form and resistance training on postprandial appetitive sensations and ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 in older adults
Authors: Apolzan John W , Leidy Heather J , Mattes Richard D , Campbell Wayne W 
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the effects of food form (FF) and resistance training (RT) on appetitive sensations and postprandial (PP) plasma hormones in 16 RT and 18 sedentary (Sed) persons: age 62‐84 y; physical activity 425 ± 33 vs. 272 ± 28 kcal/d (*, p=0.05), mean ± SE; BMI 24.0 ± 0.6 vs. 25.7 ± 0.5* kg/m2; and whole body maximum strength 8.3 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 0.3* kg/kg fat free mass. On 2 randomized days, each subject consumed an isoenergetic macronutrient‐matched beverage (B) or solid (S) product. 4‐h PP measurements were assessed using area under the curve. Fullness was lower for B (218 ± 94) vs. S (475 ± 96* AU·240 min) and was lower in RT (230 ± 118) vs. Sed (450 ± 106*). Desire to eat was higher for B (‐65 ± 97) vs. S (‐331 ± 114* AU·240 min) but unaffected by RT. The hunger response tended to be higher for B vs. S (p=0.07). FF and RT did not affect ghrelin. CCK was lower in B (6.2 ± 8.9) vs. S (33.4 ± 8.9* ng/mL·240min) and higher with RT (29.0 ± 12.7) vs. Sed (12.2 ± 7.7*). GLP‐1 tended to be higher in B (37.1 ± 19.2) vs. S (0.9 ± 11.3 ng/mL·240min, p=0.06) and was lower in RT (3.9 ± 3.2) vs. Sed (31.6 ± 22.4*). GLP‐1 and ghrelin were negatively correlated with fullness (r=‐0.15*, r=‐0.18*). Ghrelin was positively correlated with hunger (r=0.16*) and desire to eat (r=0.15*). These results suggest that FF and RT influence appetitive sensations and hormonal responses. Older adults may benefit from incorporating RT and B meals to potentially reduce the anorexia of aging.Grant Funding SourceNIH R01 AG021911, The Solae Company, Purdue Bilsland Fellowship
Natural 13C abundance of plasma glucose as a potential biomarker for dietary “simple” sugar intake.
Authors: Cook Chad M , Alvig Amy L , Liu Yu Qiu (David) , Schoeller Dale A 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONA need exists for objective biomarkers of dietary intake, as self‐report is often subject to inaccuracies.PURPOSEWe tested the validity of measuring the fraction of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) from cane sugar and high fructose corn syrup (C4 sugars) using natural 13C abundance of plasma glucose (Glc).METHODSIn a randomized cross‐over design, 5 subjects were fed 3 weight‐maintaining diets for 7 days, with a two‐week washout between diets. Diets differed in the fraction of total CHO energy from C4 sugars (5%, 16%, or 32%). During each diet, blood samples were drawn at 8am and 4pm on days 1, 3, and 5 and at 8am, 10am, 12pm, 2pm, and 4pm on day 7. δ13C abundance of plasma Glc was analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry.RESULTSWithin each diet, δ13C of 8am Glc did not change from baseline with increasing time on diet. There was a positive correlation (R2 = 0.88) between Day 7 ‐ 10am δ13C Glc and % of breakfast CHO from C4 sugars. Also, δ13C Glc of combined 10am ‐ 4pm plasma from Day 7 within each diet demonstrated a positive correlation (R2 = 0.90) with % of total daily CHO from C4 sugars.CONCLUSIONGluconeogenesis attenuates δ13C abundance of fasting Glc, as the δ13C abundance of Glc from C4 sugar consumption does not persist overnight. Postprandial plasma Glc could be used as a biomarker for contributions of C4 sugars to a previously ingested meal. (Funding provided by The National Dairy Council).
Black bean and chickpea consumption reduce glycemic response as part of a rice meal
Authors: Thompson Sharon V. , Winham Donna M. , Hutchins Andrea M. 
Published: June 2021

This study examined the effects of consumption of 50 grams of available carbohydrate from three test meals: plain white rice (control), black beans with rice, and chickpeas with rice in insulin sensitive adult women. Food portioning was done by gram weight, not volume and the carbohydrate content of the meals was equal. These weighed meal portions were approximately 3/4 cup of rice for the control, and about ½ cup of beans with ½ cup of rice for the black bean and chickpea treatments. Black beans and chickpeas have similar carbohydrate content per gram weight despite being different species. Using a randomized, crossover, placebo‐controlled design, 9 participants consumed each of the three test meals on different mornings, at least 7 days apart. Blood samples collected at time 0 (fasting), and at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes post‐meal were analyzed for plasma glucose.The glucose response based on the incremental area under the curve to the rice/bean meals showed a significant difference by treatment (ANOVA, p=0.017). Results of a paired t‐test indicated that the glucose response curve was significantly different at two of the four time points for the black bean meal as well as the chickpea meal in comparison to rice alone, 60 minutes post‐prandial (p=0.041), and 90 minutes post‐prandial (p=0.002). Black bean and chickpea intake as part of a meal can reduce the glycemic response to high glycemic index foods, such as white rice.
Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome in Mexican adults
Authors: Denova Edgar , Talavera Juan O , Huitrón Gerardo G , Mendez Pablo , Salmerón Jorge 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between Sweetened beverage (SB) consumption and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Mexican population.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of data from adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study in the Mexican States of Morelos and Mexico. Information on participants' socio‐demographic conditions, dietary patterns and physical activity were collected via self‐administered questionnaire. Anthropometric and clinical measures were assessed with standardized procedures. The definition of MS was determined using criteria from Adult Treatment III. The associations of interest were evaluated by means of lineal and logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 5,240 individuals aged 20 to 70 years (mean 34.4 years old; SD=11.5) were evaluated. Overweight/obesity prevalence was 56.6%. The prevalence of MS in this sample was 26.6%. We found that for each additional daily SB serving consumed, participants experienced an average increase of 43.2 mg/dL (CI 95%; 7.3 ‐ 79.1 mg/dL) in triglycerides and a decrease of HDL‐c by 12.2 mg/dL (CI 95%; ‐16.1 ‐ ‐8.6 mg/dL). Subjects consuming more than two servings/day of SB were at a 2.0 (CI 95%; 1.2‐3.1) times greater risk of MS than those who did not consume SB.ConclusionsOur data support the hypothesis that SB consumption increases the risk of MS in Mexican adults, possibility by providing excessive calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars.
Ischemic postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‐induced calcium overload in mice
Authors: SHEN Jia , ZHOU Jingyi , PENG Yunlong , XIA Qiang 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEThis study was to investigate whether postconditioning could reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced calcium overload in neurons and the relative mechanism.METHODSMale C57BL/6 mice (23‐28g) were randomly divided into Sham (PBS injection without ischemia) group, Control (PBS injection with ischemia/reperfusion) group, Postconditioning (PBS injection, ischemia followed by 3 circles of 15 sec reperfusion and 15 sec occlusion before permanent reperfusion) group (PC group), N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA receptor activator, NMDA) injection + PC group (NMDA group), MK‐801 (NMDA receptor non‐competitive antagonist) injection + PC group (MK‐801 group). Intracerebroventricular injections of PBS, NMDA or MK‐801 respectively were performed 30 min before 15min period of global ischemia. Two hours after reperfusion, acute hippocampus slices were prepared for intracellular calcium concentration detection by Fluo‐3/AM.RESULTSThe calcium concentration were significantly increased in control group and NMDA group, and suppressed in PC group and MK‐801 group. The decrease of free calcium level by PC therapy was abolished by NMDA.CONCLUSIONThe ischemia postconditioning reduces the calcium overload through suppressing the activity of NMDA receptor.
Establishing the molecular modulation of the inflammation by xanthohumol and its metabolites in endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Authors: Negrão Rita , Moura Liane , Soares Raquel 
Published: June 2021

Vessel wall cells play relevant roles in inflammation. Xanthohumol (XN) and its metabolites isoxanthohumol (IXN) and 8‐prenylnaringenin (8PN) were described as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic compounds. To understand the modulation of inflammation by these polyphenols in vessel walls, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMC) were treated with 5‐10µM XN, IXN or 8PN for 24h. Expression profiles of angiogenic and inflammatory genes were examined by microarray assay. Genes involved in sprouting were down‐regulated by XN, IXN and increased by 8PN in HUVEC. Interleukin (IL)‐6 expression was increased in 8PN treatment. Conversely, HASMC increased TNFRSF12A after XN or 8PN incubation. XN and IXN downregulated IL‐12. Inflammatory responses in these cells were further evaluated measuring NO released (Griess reaction) and NFkB activity (ELISA) in cell nuclear extracts. A decrease in nitrite content was found for 8PN treatments. A reduction in NFkB activity was observed after treatment with XN and IXN, whereas 8PN incubation increased NFkB activity in both cell cultures.These findings reveal the distinct effects of these compounds in inflammation, providing clues to the development of useful therapeutic agents against inflammation‐ and angiogenesis‐associated pathologies.Funded by ERAB (EA0641) and FCT (SFRM/BD/41888/2007)
Angiomotin isoforms are differentially affected by exercise training in skeletal muscles from lean and obese rats
Authors: BIROT Olivier , FORN Paul , ROUDIER Emilie 
Published: June 2021

Angiomotin (Amot) was recently identified on the surface of endothelial cells, regulating their migration and thus angiogenesis. p80 Amot isoform is mostly expressed in the dynamic phase of angiogenesis when activated endothelial cells migrate, whereas p130 is more characteristic of stabilized vessels. Such observations were mainly obtained from studies on pathological angiogenesis and the physiological regulation of Amot in healthy tissues remains largely unknown.ObjectivesTo study 1) whether Amot was physiologically expressed in skeletal muscle, 2) how physical activity, a pro‐angiogenic physiological stimulus in skeletal muscle, could regulate Amot expression, 3) if such regulation was altered in the context of obesity.Methodsp80 and p130 expressions were measured in soleus and plantaris from sedentary and trained, lean or obese rats.ResultsExercise training shifted Amot isoforms expression pattern toward an "angiogenic phenotype". However, such regulation was different between lean and obese rats. In lean animals, exercise training increased p80 expression, whereas in obese rats it reduced p130.Conclusionp80/p130 ratio could reflect the tissue angiogenic potential. Exercise shifted this Amot isoforms ratio toward an angiogenic phenotype by different mechanisms between lean and obese rats. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.