bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Analysis of Regenerated Silk Fibroin/Cellulose Nanofiber Suspensions via a Bioinspired Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Lu Li , Fan Suna , Geng Lihong , Lin Jinyou , Yao Xiang , Zhang Yaopeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic spinning has been used to mimic and discover the natural spinning process of silk. However, it is still challenging to understand the orientation and alignment of silk‐spinning through microfluidic chips. Here, flow analysis is performed for a bioinspired microfluidic chip mimicking the shape of a spider's major ampullate gland and spinning duct by in situ small angle X‐ray scattering and simulations using the finite element method. A composite suspension of regenerated silk fibroin and cellulose nanofibers show higher orientation and alignment after flowing through the microfluidic chip. This confinement can be attributed to the drop in the extrusion pressure of the silk proteins and the shear and elongation forces from the anisotropic microchannel. This work reveals the microstructure−property relationship of fibers obtained through the microfluidic chip. Hence, it paves the way to uncover the mystery behind the natural spinning process and further provides comprehensive and systematic insights into preparing highly oriented artificial fibers for biomedical applications.
Finger‐Skin‐Inspired Flexible Optical Sensor for Force Sensing and Slip Detection in Robotic Grasping
Authors: Jiang Chengpeng , Zhang Zhang , Pan Jing , Wang Yancheng , Zhang Lei , Tong Liming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe finger skin of human plays a key role in amplifying and transferring tactile signals to sensory receptors, and it provides design guidelines for next‐generation flexible tactile sensors. To enable robotic applications such as dexterous manipulation and tactile feedback, the functions of force sensing and slip detection are crucial for flexible tactile sensors. Here, a finger‐skin inspired flexible optical (FIFO) sensor based on optical microfiber is reported, and this sensor has fingerprint‐like surface with parallel ridges and resin/polydimethylsiloxane multilayer structure with different stiffness, mimicking the structural characteristics of human finger skin. With these design features, the sensor is capable of measuring force with high durability and detecting slip with high sensitivity and short response time. Time‐resolved response curve and its wavelet transform provide useful information related to grasping and slipping when the sensor is in contact with objects with different shapes and materials. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the sensor directly attached onto a robotic gripper is capable of measuring grasping force and monitoring object slippage during manipulation tasks, indicating its potential applications in advanced robotics.
Soil health considerations for global food security
Authors: Bagnall Dianna K. , Shanahan John F. , Flanders Archie , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Honeycutt C. Wayne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the relationship between soil health and global food security. We discuss the role of climate change on food security and the role of farmer profitability in promoting soil health. Specific objectives were to (a) consider the role that U.S. agricultural production plays in global food security, (b) consider key mechanisms by which soil health impacts U.S. agricultural production, and (c) offer a comprehensive strategy to scale adoption of soil health systems. Based on the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Food Price Index, U.S. commodity exports influence global food prices, linking U.S. crop production to food security. Soil health affects food security through crop yield, crop yield resilience, and farmer profitability. Results relating soil health and crop yield are complicated by biophysical complexity, lack of standardized research practices, and the scale of research trials. Studies of the relationship between yield resilience and soil health are similarly inconclusive. Despite mixed research results, interviews with 100 U.S. farmers found over half reported increased crop yield due to soil health management systems, and most reported more resilient yields. Partial budget analysis of production information from 100 interviews found using soil health management systems increased net farm income (in 2020 U.S. dollars) by US$127.61 ha–1 ($51.66 acre–1) for maize (Zea mays L.) and $110.84 ha–1 ($44.87 acre–1) for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. We detail a path to increase adoption of soil health systems so healthy soils can serve as the foundation for producing food, mitigating climate change, and increasing farmer profitability.
Evaluation of DSSAT‐CROPGRO‐cotton model to simulate phenology, growth, and seed cotton yield in northwestern India
Authors: Mishra Sudhir Kumar , Kaur Varinderjit , Singh Kulvir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrop simulation models are widely used in developed countries to understand the impact of uncertain weather situations on crop production and consequent strategies formulation but their application in developing countries like India is limited and thus needs to be strengthened. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the DSSAT‐CROPGRO‐cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) model for assessing impact of varying weather on productivity dynamics of cotton in northwestern India. To ascertain this, field experiments were carried out under a 3 yr study at two distinct agro‐climatic zones/locations for testing and validation of CROPGRO‐cotton model (version 4.7) for phenological development and seed cotton yield of four diverse cotton cultivars (F2228, F1861, NCS855BGII, and RCH650BGII) grown under three sowing dates (20 April, 10 May, and 30 May). The results elucidated that phenological events like anthesis and physiological maturity were fairly predicted with high d‐index value ≥0.83 and ≥0.89 and low root mean square error (RMSE), that is, ≤2.27 and ≤4.98 d, respectively. Furthermore, aboveground biomass and seed cotton yield also exhibited a RMSE of ≤706 kg ha–¹ (≥0.72, d‐index) and ≤126 kg ha–1 (≥0.97, d‐index), respectively, indicative of high accuracy. These findings revealed that DSSAT‐CROPGRO‐cotton model could be exploited for simulating cotton growth, phenology, and yield in northwestern India besides its application in similar arid crop environments across the globe. However, further testing with extensive and long‐term datasets is required to improve the utility of model.
Personal utility of genomic sequencing for infants with congenital deafness
Authors: Tutty Erin , Amor David J. , Jarmolowicz Anna , Paton Kate , Downie Lilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecisions about genetic testing have traditionally been based on clinical utility and cost, but personal utility is increasingly recognized when assessing the value of testing. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was offered to a population cohort of 106 infants diagnosed with congenital hearing loss. Parents could choose to receive results relating to hearing loss only or also learn additional information about childhood‐onset conditions (medically nonactionable and/or actionable). This study aimed to quantify the personal utility of WES for parents after a diagnosis of hearing loss in their child. Parents completed surveys pretest (63/106), after hearing loss results (52/106) and after receiving additional information (47/72). Open‐ended responses from all three surveys (N = 67) were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Answers to questions regarding the value of sequencing to parents were analyzed and collated. Parents placed high value on diagnostic WES for hearing loss but had different perspectives on the personal utility of additional information. Diagnostic results provided certainty while the choice to learn additional information about childhood‐onset disorders was associated with empowerment. WES also represented an opportunity to promote their child's best interests. Results provide insights into the utility of WES for the indication of congenital deafness and for genomic newborn screening broadly.
Comprehensive investigation of the phenotype of MEF2C‐related disorders in human patients: A systematic review
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A. , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi , Moore Hannah Warren , Skinner Steven A. , DeLuca Jane M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMEF2C‐related disorders (aka MEF2C‐haploinsufficiency) are caused by variations in or involving the MEF2C gene and are characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, lack of speech, limited walking, and seizures. Despite these findings, the disorder is not easily recognized clinically. We performed a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to assemble the most comprehensive list of patients and their phenotypes. Through searching PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE, 43 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully reviewed. One hundred and seventeen patients were identified from these publications with most having a phenotype of intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, absent speech, inability to walk, stereotypic movements, and MRI abnormalities. Nonclassical findings included one patient with a question mark ear, two patients with a jugular pit, one patient with a unique neuroendocrine finding, and nine patients that did not have MEF2C deletions or disruptions but may be affected due to a positional effect on MEF2C. This systematic review characterizes the phenotype of MEF2C‐related disorders, documents the severity of this condition, and will help providers to better diagnose and care for patients and their families. Additionally, this compiled information provides a comprehensive resource for investigators interested in pursuing specific genotype–phenotype correlations.
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated and Traceless Fluorine‐Oriented: Synthesis of 5‐Methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine from Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Wen , Huang Xie , Wang Jia‐Qi , He Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn original metal‐free method for the convenient preparation of 5‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine derivatives from simple unactivated alkenes was firstly developed with excellent yields under mild conditions, based on hypervalent iodine compounds in combination with boron fluoride reagents. Mechanism studies have shown that fluorine participates in the reaction as a traceless guiding group, ensuring the successful construction of the Csp2−N bond of tetrahydropyridine derivatives via the selective intramolecular coupling reaction of unactivated alkenes.
Effects of Crystallographic Orientation of GaAs Substrate and the Period of Plasmon Grid on THz Antenna Performance
Authors: Buryakov Arseniy M. , Ivanov Maxim S. , Khusyainov Dinar I. , Gorbatova Anastasia V. , Bilyk Vladislav R. , Klimov Evgeniy A. , Galiev Galib B. , Vilarinho Paula M. , Mishina Elena D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn alternative approach is proposed to improve the conventional (based on the low‐temperature grown GaAs and Si‐doped GaAs superlattice) photoconductive antenna (PCA) performance by modification of the planar electrodes design and crystallographic orientations of the GaAs substrate ((100) and (111)‐A). The electrode scheme design includes a combination of logarithmic spiral, bow‐tie, and plasmonic antennas and results in appearance of sharp resonant peaks, high spectral bandwidth and high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and significant enhancement of the output terahertz (THz) power. The material design leads to significant increase in the THz output power (by 6.4 in GaAs (100), by 5.6 in GaAs (111)‐A PCAs) regarding to a conventional antenna. The substrate crystallographic cut direction influences the relaxation time constant of photoexcited charge carriers being an order of magnitude smaller in the sample grown on the GaAs (111)‐A than in the one on the GaAs (100). The simulation model supports experimental results demonstrating that the optimal period of the plasmonic antenna grid providing the highest efficiency of THz radiation generation, is about 200 nm. Comparison of the THz spectra in manufactured antennas against the conventional stripline PCA shows a broadening band toward the low‐frequency region down to 0.1 THz with a resonance at 0.2 THz.
Molecular Brush Surfactants: Versatile Emulsifiers for Stabilizing and Structuring Liquids
Authors: Wang Beibei , Liu Tan , Chen Hao , Yin Bangqi , Zhang Zhao , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing amphiphilic molecular brushes to stabilize emulsions usually requires the synthesis of specific side chains, which can be a time‐consuming and difficult challenge to meet. By taking advantage of the electrostatic interactions between water‐soluble molecular brushes and oil‐soluble oligomeric ligands, the in situ formation, assembly and jamming of molecular brush surfactants (MBSs) at the oil‐water interface is described. With MBSs, stable emulsions including o/w, w/o and o/w/o can be easily prepared by varying the molar ratios of the molecular brushes to the ligands. Moreover, when jammed, the binding energy of MBSs at the interface is sufficiently strong to allow the stabilization of liquids in nonequilibrium shapes, i.e., structuring liquids, producing an elastic film at the interface with exceptional mechanical properties. These structured liquids have numerous potential applications, including chemical biphasic reactions, liquid electronics, and all‐liquid biomimetic system.
Integration of Bimetallic Electronic Synergy with Oxide Site Isolation Improves the Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene
Authors: Liu Fang , Xia Yujia , Xu Wenlong , Cao Lina , Guan Qiaoqiao , Gu Qingqing , Yang Bing , Lu Junling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSemi‐hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene is an important process to purify ethylene streams in industry. However, among current approaches reported in the literature, high ethylene selectivity has been generally achieved at the expense of activity. Herein, we show that a Ga2O3 coating of Ag@Pd core–shell bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts, allows improvement of the ethylene selectivity to a much greater extent than the coating of monometallic Pd nanoparticles, while preserving a remarkable intrinsic activity, approximately 50 times higher than the benchmark catalyst of Pd1Ag single‐atom alloys (SAAs). Importantly, the resulting catalyst also shows excellent long‐term stability, by suppressing coke formation efficiently. Spectroscopic characterization reveals that weakened ethylene adsorption by bimetallic electronic synergy, and oxide site isolation are both essential for the high ethylene selectivity and high‐coking resistance. H‐D exchange measurements further show that the Ga2O3‐coated Ag@Pd catalyst possesses a much higher activity of H2 activation than that of Pd1Ag SAAs, thus boosting the hydrogenation activity at the same time.
RNA‐Cleaving Deoxyribozymes Differentiate Methylated Cytidine Isomers in RNA
Authors: Liaqat Anam , Sednev Maksim V. , Stiller Carina , Höbartner Claudia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeoxyribozymes are emerging as modification‐specific endonucleases for the analysis of epigenetic RNA modifications. Here, we report RNA‐cleaving deoxyribozymes that differentially respond to the presence of natural methylated cytidines, 3‐methylcytidine (m3C), N4‐methylcytidine (m4C), and 5‐methylcytidine (m5C), respectively. Using in vitro selection, we found several DNA catalysts, which are selectively activated by only one of the three cytidine isomers, and display 10‐ to 30‐fold accelerated cleavage of their target m3C‐, m4C‐ or m5C‐modified RNA. An additional deoxyribozyme is strongly inhibited by any of the three methylcytidines, but effectively cleaves unmodified RNA. The mXC‐detecting deoxyribozymes are programmable for the interrogation of natural RNAs of interest, as demonstrated for human mitochondrial tRNAs containing known m3C and m5C sites. The results underline the potential of synthetic functional DNA to shape highly selective active sites.
Doubly Decorated Platinum–Gallium Intermetallics as Stable Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Nakaya Yuki , Xing Feilong , Ham Hyungwon , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Furukawa Shinya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPropane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a promising chemical process that can satisfy the increasing global demand for propylene. However, the Pt‐based catalysts that have been reported thus far are typically deactivated at ≥600 °C by side reactions and coke formation. Thus, such catalysts possess an insufficient life. Herein, we report a novel catalyst design concept, namely, the double decoration of PtGa intermetallics by Pb and Ca, which synergize the geometric and electronic promotion effects on the catalyst stability, respectively. Pb is deposited on the three‐fold Pt3 sites of the PtGa nanoparticles to block them, whereas Ca, which affords an electron‐enriched single‐atom‐like Pt1 site, is placed around the nanoparticles. Thus, PtGa−Ca−Pb/SiO2 exhibits an outstandingly high catalytic stability, even at 600 °C (kd=0.00033 h−1, τ=3067 h), and almost no deactivation of the catalyst was observed for up to 1 month for the first time.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Evidence of Key Intermediate Species and Role of NiFe Dual‐Catalytic Center in Water Oxidation
Authors: Hu Cejun , Hu Yanfang , Fan Chenghao , Yang Ling , Zhang Yutong , Li Haixia , Xie Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNiFe‐based electrocatalysts have attracted great interests due to the low price and high activity in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the complex reaction mechanism of NiFe‐catalyzed OER has not been fully explored yet. Detection of intermediate species can bridge the gap between OER performances and catalyst component/structure properties. Here, we performed label‐free surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) monitoring of interfacial OER process on Ni3FeOx nanoparticles (NPs) in alkaline medium. By using bifunctional Au@Ni3FeOx core‐satellite superstructures as Raman signal enhancer, we found direct spectroscopic evidence of intermediate O‐O− species. According to the SERS results, Fe atoms are the catalytic sites for the initial OH− to O‐O− oxidation. The O‐O− species adsorbed across neighboring Fe and Ni sites experiences further oxidation caused by electron transfer to NiIII and eventually forms O2 product.
Halogen Bonding Tetraphenylethene Anion Receptors: Anion‐Induced Emissive Aggregates and Photoswitchable Recognition
Authors: Docker Andrew , Shang Xiaobo , Yuan Daohe , Kuhn Heike , Zhang Zongyao , Davis Jason J. , Beer Paul D. , Langton Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives functionalized with highly potent electron‐deficient perfluoroaryl iodo‐triazole halogen bond (XB) donors for anion recognition are reported. 1H NMR titration experiments, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering measurements, TEM imaging and X‐ray crystal structure analysis reveal that the tetra‐substituted halogen bonding receptor forms luminescent nanoscale aggregates, the formation of which is driven by XB‐mediated anion coordination. This anion‐coordination‐induced aggregation effect serves as a powerful sensory mechanism, capable of luminescence chloride sensing at parts per billion concentration. Furthermore, the doubly substituted geometric isomers act as unprecedented photoswitchable XB donor anion receptors, where the composition of the photostationary state can be modulated by the presence of a coordinating halide anion.
Physicochemical Understanding of the Impact of Pore Environment and Species of Adsorbates on Adsorption Behaviour
Authors: Cho Hae Sung , Tanaka Hideki , Lee Yongjin , Zhang Yue‐Biao , Jiang Juncong , Kim Minho , Kim Hyungjun , Kang Jeung Ku , Terasaki Osamu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor a better design of adsorbents, it is important to know the intermolecular interaction among adsorbates and host material, leading to improved guest selectivity and uptake capacity. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of the interaction among adsorbates and substrate, controlled by the pore environment and species of adsorbates, on the adsorption behaviour. We report the unique CO2 adsorption behaviour of MOF‐205 due to distinct pore geometry. The precise analysis through gas‐adsorption crystallography with molecular simulation shows that capillary condensation of CO2 in MOF‐205 occurs preferentially in the large dodecahedral pore rather than the small tetrahedral pore, because the interaction of CO2 with MOF‐205 framework is weaker than that among CO2 molecules, while Ar and N2 are sequentially filled into two different pores of MOF‐205 according to their size. Comparison of the materials with different pore environments reveals that the relative strength of the adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–substrate interaction gives rise to different shapes of isotherms.
Einbau von Fenstern – Planung des Bauanschlusses
Authors: Hofstetter Rolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMit dem nachfolgenden Bericht wird ein Konzept zur Planung des Bauanschlusses von Fenstern auf Grundlage der derzeit vorliegenden Normung und technischen Richtlinien erarbeitet bzw. vorgeschlagen. In Ermangelung einer ausreichenden normativen deutschen Regelung wird Bezug auf internationale Regelwerke genommen. Das Hauptaugenmerk in diesem Bericht gilt der Befestigung der Fensterelemente.
Applications of the matching law to observe shifts in problem behavior: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Kronfli Faris R. , Lloveras Lindsay A. , Vollmer Timothy R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe used the matching law to quantify the relation between the relative likelihood of appropriate behavior and problem behavior and the relative likelihood of parent‐delivered reinforcement for those behaviors. First, we conducted an initial descriptive observation in the dyads' homes. Second, we assessed the problem behavior within a clinic where participants were receiving behavior‐analytic services. Third, using behavioral skills training (BST), we taught parents how to implement treatments based on differential reinforcement. Fourth, we conducted a second descriptive observation in the dyads' home. Last, we used the generalized matching law to quantify the relation between the child's response allocation and parent‐delivered reinforcement before and after BST. The relation between the effects of parent‐delivered reinforcement on the relative likelihood of appropriate and problem behavior was well described by the matching law.
Rapid RNase inhibitor production to enable low‐cost, on‐demand cell‐free protein synthesis biosensor use in human body fluids
Authors: Soltani Mehran , Hunt J. Porter , Bundy Bradley C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman body fluids contain biomarkers which are used extensively for prognostication, diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of different treatments for a variety of diseases and disorders. The application of biosensors based on cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) offers numerous advantages including on‐demand and at‐home use for fast, accurate detection of a variety of biomarkers in human fluids at an affordable price. However, current CFPS‐based biosensors use commercial RNase inhibitors to inhibit different RNases present in human fluids and this reagent is approximately 90% of the expense of these biosensors. Here the flexible nature ofEscherichia coli‐lysate‐based CFPS was used for the first time to produce murine RNase Inhibitor (m‐RI) and to optimize its soluble and active production by tuning reaction temperature, reaction time, reduced potential, and addition of GroEL/ES folding chaperons. Furthermore, RNase inhibition activity of m‐RI with the highest activity and stability was determined against increasing amounts of three human fluids of serum, saliva, and urine (0%–100% v/v) in lyophilized CFPS reactions. To further demonstrate the utility of the CFPS‐produced m‐RI, a lyophilized saliva‐based glutamine biosensor was demonstrated to effectively work with saliva samples. Overall, the use of CFPS‐produced m‐RI reduces the total reagent costs of CFPS‐based biosensors used in human body fluids approximately 90%.