bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Contents of the Oral Flora, in Gingival Hypertrophy Caused by Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Robo Ilma , Heta Saimir , Gjumsi Enxhi , Ostreni Vera 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The placement of orthodontic apparatus in the oral cavity, according to the literature, should influence the alteration of oral flora, especially the subgingival one. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the subgingival flora of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, regardless of placement time. In 3 cases of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, a bacterial sample of the gingival sulcus was taken for laboratory examination. Patients were clinically evaluated for the presence or tendency, of having gingival hypertrophy.Results: Results from the 3 cases included in the study, 1 of them came up with Streptococcus Anginosus positive, Doxycilin-sensitive. The tendency for gingival hypertrophy was maximal 3% to 1.5% respectively in each patient. In the patient with different oral flora, daily topical treatment with tetracycline, placed in the gingival sulcus, was applied.Conclusions: Alteration of the oral flora with the placement of fixed orthodontic appliances is not a fully verifiable fact, as it indicates the patient's follow-up, at the time of placement of the apparatus and until removal after orthodontic treatment, depending on the 2-3-year period of treatment. The tendency for gingival hypertrophy is apparently high, versus the presence of fixed orthodontic apparatus.
Evaluation Of Intra-Arterial Nimodipine Therapy In Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm
Authors: Jain Shrey , Sinha Ajit Kumar , Goyal Sumit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cerebral vasospasm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vasospasm is managed with triple H and vasodilators but sometimes, patients do not respond. Intra-arterial vasodilator infusion has been shown to improve outcome in such patients. In this study, we try to evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial nimodipine therapy in 43 patients of post-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage refractory cerebral vasospasm. Methods: It is a prospective observational study of a group of 43 patients presenting with refractory cerebral vasospasm as per the inclusion criteria. Pre-procedure neurological assessment and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring were done. Endovascular spasmolysis was conducted and post-operative morbidity and outcomes were noted. Follow up of the patients was done at the time of discharge and at 6 months according to the Modified Rankin Scale and NCCT head. Results: Most of the patients developing refractory cerebral vasospasm belonged to Hunt and Hess Grade 2 and 3 and Fisher grade 3 and 4. 87.5% of the patients showed clinical recovery following endovascular spasmolysis and 58% of the patients showed complete angiographic recovery. Outcome after 6 months was good in 76%, moderate in 12% and poor in 12% patients. NCCT head showed no infarct in 58%, minor infarct in 28% and major vascular territorial infarct in 14% patients. Conclusions: Intra-arterial nimodipine infusion is a safe and effective therapy with minimum risk of complications if adhered to standard endovascular practice. By timely intervention, major ischemic insult to the brain can be averted, thereby significantly improving the prognosis.
Evaluating The Impact of Strigolactone GR24 On Capparis Spinosa L. Callus Production And Phenolic Compound Content
Authors: Issah Hafsatu , Duran Ragbet Ezgi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effect of strigolactones on plants, which has been recently described as a new group of plant hormones, has not been fully characterized. Capparis spinosa L. callus formation using synthetic strigolactone GR24 (0.1 and 0.2 μM) alone or in combination with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2 mg / L) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1 mg / L) and its effect on phenolic substance production were evaluated. 2 mg/L NAA+1 mg/L BAP+0.1 μM GR24 was the medium with the highest callus formation (60.3%) and callus fresh weight (120.8 mg). In the phytochemical analysis, the highest total flavonoid and phenolic substance and the highest rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid content were found in this application and their amounts increased at various rates compared to the control. Aromatic substances in caper calluses were grouped as sulfur compounds (66.97% -87.53%), aldehydes (4.88% -7.90%), ketones (0.34% -19.3%), hydrocarbons and derivatives (0.56%-5.8%), alcohols (% 1.62-6.08%), others (0.61% -2.37%) and their amounts varied at various hormone applications. When 0.1 μM GR24 was applied alone, the total sulfur compound in callus samples was 87.53% and the dominant substance was found to be methyl isothiocyanate.
Comparison of Raw And Regression Approaches To Capturing Change On Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Andrae David A. , Foster Brandon , Peipert J. Devin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposePatient-reported outcome (PRO) analyses often involve calculating raw change scores, but limitations of this approach are well documented. Regression estimators can incorporate information about measurement error and potential covariates, potentially improving change estimates. Yet, adoption of these regression-based change estimators is rare in clinical PRO research. Methods Both simulated and PROMIS® pain interference items were used to calculate change employing three methods: raw change scores and regression estimators proposed by Lord and Novick (LN) and Cronbach and Furby (CF). In the simulated data, estimators’ ability to recover true change was compared. Standard errors of measurement (SEM) and prediction (SEP) with associated 95% confidence limits were also used to identify criteria for significant improvement. These methods were then applied to real-world data from the PROMIS® study. Results In the simulation, both regression estimators reduced variability compared to raw change scores by almost half. Compared to CF, the LN regression better recovered true simulated differences. Analysis of the PROMIS® data showed similar themes, and change score distributions from the regression estimators showed less dispersion. Using distribution-based approaches to calculate thresholds for significant within-patient change, smaller changes could be detected using both regression estimators.ConclusionsThese results suggest that calculating change using regression estimates may result in more increased measurement sensitivity. Using these scores in lieu of raw differences can help better identify individuals who experience real underlying change in PROs in the course of a trial, and enhance the established methods for identifying thresholds for meaningful within-patient change in PROs.
Detection of Vigil And Fatigue States During The Execution of Laparoscopic Tasks Based On EEG Patterns
Authors: Pérez Yeremi , Borboa-Gastelum Roberto , Alonso-Valerdi Luz Maria , Ibarra-Zarate David I. , Flores-Villalba Eduardo A. , Rodríguez-González Ciro A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fatigue decreases performance in several professional activities. Fatigue can lead to commit technical mistakes which consequences might be lethal, such as in health area, where a surgical error due to the absence of rest can provoke the patient death. Therefore, this study aims to detect vigil and fatigue (due to lack of sleep) states in medical students through the classification of electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. The EEG signals of 18 physician students were analyzed within theta band (4 - 8 Hz) over front-central recording sites, and alpha band (8 - 13 Hz) rhythms over temporal and parieto-occipital recording sites during the execution of laparoscopic tasks before and after their medical duties. The EEG signal processing pipeline consisted in pre-processing based on individual component analysis, absolute band power estimates, and Support Vector Machine classification. The F-score to differ between vigil and fatigue states was 90.89%, where the first class was slightly more identifiable reaching a sensitivity of 90.18%. Based on this outcome, the detection of fatigue in medical students while their laparoscopic training seems achievable and feasible to diminish technical mistakes that could be lethal in health area. For this purpose, EEG recording are provided.
The Impact of Travelling On The COVID–19 Infection Cases in Germany
Authors: Schäfer Moritz , Wijaya Karunia Putra , Rockenfeller Robert , Götz Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background COVID–19 continues to disrupt social lives and the economy of many countries and challenges their healthcare capacities. InGermany, the number of cases increased exponentially in early March 2020. As a political reaction, social restrictions wereimposed by closing e.g. schools, shops, cafés and restaurants, as well as borders for travellers. This reaped success as theinfection rate descended significantly in early April. In mid July, however, the numbers started to rise again. Of particularreasons was that from 15 June onwards, the travel ban has widely been cancelled or at least loosened. Methods Here, we present an extended susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered–deceased (SEIRD) model to describe the diseasedynamics in Germany, taking into account German travellers which returned infected from abroad. Epidemiological parameterslike transmission rate, lethality or detection rate of infected individuals, as well as a rate measuring the impact of these travellers,were estimated by fitting the model output to available data. Parameter estimation was performed via Bayesian inference withthe aid of the Monte–Carlo–based Metropolis algorithm. Results We found that travellers had a strong impact on the overall infection cases. Until the end of August, roughly 50,000 casesdirectly or indirectly related to travellers were estimated. These obviously caused even higher infection cases later on, whichamong other causes lead to a second wave of infection cases in late 2020. Conclusions We conclude that travel restrictions are an important tool for controlling infection cases during pandemics which can still havean impact on the upcoming summer in case the currently high vaccination rates can not prevent further infection waves.
Effect of Vertebroplasty Combined with Facet Joint Block in Relieving Acute Pain of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Dang Sha-Jie , Wei Wen-Bo , Duan Da-Peng , Wei Ling , Xu Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with facet joint block (FB) on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Methods: 190 patients were reviewed in the study: PVP (Group P, n=90), PVP combined with FB (Group PF, n=100). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were measured during pre-operation, 1 day, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation, repectively. And hospitalization time, operation time, complications and recurrence were compared in the two groups.Results: Patients showed significantly decreased VAS and ODI at each observation point of the post-operation than the pre-operation in both groups (P < 0.05). The VAS and ODI scores in Group PF were significantly lower than that in Group P 1 day and 1 month after the operation (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hospitalization time, operation time, complication rate, VAS and ODI score at the pre-operation (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Both PVP combined with FB and PVP alone are effective treatment methods for OVCFs. But PVP combined with FB could provide better back pain relief than PVP alone in the short term after the operation for OVCFs.
Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture: The Case of Small Southern Mediterranean Country
Authors: Maatoug Abderrazek Ben , bilel triki , aloui donia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of climate change on the incomes of farmers in a southern Mediterranean country. We proposed that crop insurance could be potentially used as a means to adapt to climate change. Using panel data for Tunisian regions, we were able to highlight the important effects of climate change on crops yields by considering two scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways, namely RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. In the long term (i.e., in 2050 and 2100), we expect increasingly frequent heat waves to occur, leading to a rise in droughts for all regions of Tunisia. We therefore recommend that farmers seek to insure themselves against the risks of drought and flood to their crops, because we feel this may be an attractive device for compensating them for any potential losses of income.
Chaos-Directed Genetic Algorithms for Water Distribution Network Design: An Enhanced Search Method
Authors: N POOJITHA S. , Jothiprakash Vinayakam , Sivakumar B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The design of a water distribution network (WDN) is an ever-challenging problem. Development and application of optimization techniques for WDN design have been an important area of research. Recently, the introduction of chaos theory-based evolutionary algorithms (EAs) in addition to traditional random-based ones has elevated the scope for further improving the performance of EAs. The present study proposes a chaos-directed genetic algorithm (CDGA) by incorporating chaos ergodicity in GA mechanics for WDN optimal design. Two novel frameworks, the non-sequential approach (NSA) and sequential approach (SA) are introduced. The influence of chaotic systems with high dimensionality maps in improving the search efficacy of GA when compared to the low dimensionality maps is explored. Considering four widely studied WDN benchmark problems, the performance of the proposed GA and CDGA models is evaluated. From the results, it is observed that the CDGA models outperform GA with better search efficacy, requiring fewer function evaluations to locate the optimal solution. Also, concerning the different chaotic maps used in the present study to induce chaos ergodicity, the results highlight the usefulness of chaos-directed search in improving the computational efficiency of GA. From the computational results, the study suggests the usage of a chaotic system with other bio-inspired techniques for their improved search and computational efficiency.
Efficacy of Closantel, Ferula Asafetida and Common Dewormer Against Haemoncus Contortus in Small Ruminants
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Jabbar Abdul , Ashraf Muhammad , Ghauri Muhammad Shair Zaman , Imran Muhammad , Wana Mohammed Nasiru , Sajjad Hira , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Haemonchosis caused by H. contortus has been recognized as one of the main limitations to the beneficial goat farming, worldwide. Albendazole, Oxfendazole, and Ivermectin are the most common drugs used against Haemonchosis, development of allopathic drugs resistance with time, availability, and price are another critical issues; these are absent in herbal drugs. It is important to establish a most effective protocol for the treatment of Haemonchosis. Closantel and herbal plant Ferula asafetida are reported to be effective against roundworms infestation.
Methodology:

The current study was conducted on goat and sheep farms of Tehsil Pattoki District Kasur, Pakistan. Coprological examination was performed and animals n = 720 (n = 360 caprines & n = 360 Ovines) positive Haemonchosis were selected, each breed animals were divided into six groups (A-F), n = 60 animals were assigned in each group for therapeutic trails. By oral route, Albendazole, Oxfendazole, Ivermectin, Closantel and Ferula asafetida were given to A-E groups while F served as control. All animals treated with single dose and EPG performed by McMaster technique at day 0 (pre-treatment), 7th, and 14th (post-treatment).
Results

Closantel and Ferula asafetida showed the highest efficacy in both caprines and ovines.
Conclusion

Allopathic drug Closantel and herbal drug Ferula asafetida proved as an efficient dewormer against Haemonchosis.
Unfolding Water Quality Status During COVID-19 Lockdown for The Highly Polluted Santiago River in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Kutralam-Muniasamy Gurusamy , Pérez-Guevara Fermín , Martínez Ignacio Elizalde , Chari Shruti Venkata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Santiago River is one of the most contaminated waterways in Mexico and its surface water quality evaluation during COVID-19 outbreak is critical to assess the changes and improvements, if any, from the nationwide lockdown (April-May 2020). Hence, the data for 12 water quality parameters from 13 sampling stations during April-May 2020 (lockdown) were compared with the levels for the same period of 2019 (pre-lockdown) and with the same interval of previous eleven-years (2009–2019). The values of BOD (14%), COD (29%), TSS (7%), f. coli (31%), t. coli (14%) and Pb (20%) declined, while pH, EC, turbidity, total nitrogen and As enhanced by 0.3–21% during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period suggesting decrements of organic load in the river due to the temporary closure of industrial and commercial activities. An eleven-year comparison estimated the reduction of pH, TSS, COD, total nitrogen and Pb by 1–38%. The analysis of water quality index estimates showed short-term improvements of river water quality in the lockdown period, compared to pre-lockdown and eleven-year trend as well as indicated very poor quality of the river. The contamination sources identified by factor analysis were mainly related to untreated domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters and agriculture effluents influencing the river water quality. Overall, our findings demonstrated positive responses of COVID-19 imposed lockdown on water quality of the Santiago River during the study period, providing a foundation for the government policy makers to identify the sources of pollution, to better design environmental policies and plans for water quality improvements.
MCGDM Based on VIKOR and TOPSIS Methods Using Spherical Interval Valued Fuzzy Soft With Aggregation Operators
Authors: K ARULMOZHI , M Palanikumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Spherical interval valued fuzzy soft set (SIVFS set) has much stronger ability than Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft set and interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. Now, we talk about aggregated operation for aggregating SIVFS decision matrix. TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are strong point of view for multi criteria group decision making (MCGDM), which is a various extensions of interval valued fuzzy soft sets. We talk through a score function based on aggregating TOPSIS and VIKOR method to the SIVFS-positive ideal solution and the SIVFSnegative ideal solution. Also TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are provides the weights of decision makings. To nd out the optimal alternative under closeness is introduced.
Lens-Related Ocular Emergencies (LROE) in Dogs: Treatment and Visual Outcome
Authors: Ali Khaled M. , Mostafa Ayman A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Lens-related emergencies need immediate medical intervention to reduce complications, minimize pain, and improve chances of retaining vision. The present study aimed to demonstrate the common lens-related ocular emergencies in dogs and evaluate the short-term outcomes after treatment of these cases. Sixty dogs (90 eyes) of different breeds were presented with unilateral (30 eyes, OD = 18, OS = 12) and bilateral (60 eyes) ocular abnormalities related to crystalline lens injury. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and laboratory examinations were achieved. Different treatment protocols were conducted after complete ophthalmic examination and the associated clinical outcomes were evaluated.
Results

Mean (± SD) age of dogs at initial evaluation was 3.65 (± 2.4) years (range, 1˗12 years). Lens luxation and subluxation were diagnosed in 45 eyes (25 with anterior lens luxation, 15 with subluxation, and 5 with posterior lens luxation). Lens-induced anterior uveitis without glaucoma (n = 25 eyes), uveitic glaucoma (n = 15 eyes), and lens capsule disruption (n = 5 eyes) were also diagnosed. The vision was lost in all 5 eyes with posterior lens luxation (100%), 18/25 eyes with anterior lens luxation (72%), and 5/15 eyes with lens subluxation (33.3%). Vision impairment was also identified in 10/25 eyes (40%) with unresponsive lens-induced anterior uveitis and in 5/5 eyes (100%) with traumatic rupture of the anterior lens capsule.
Conclusion

Crystalline lens injury can cause a wide variety of ocular emergencies that may result in blindness. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for handling lens-related emergencies in dogs.
Structural, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Some Al-free and Al-doped ZnO Nanopowder Samples
Authors: Moussa N.M. , Ebrahim F.M. , Gomaa Hosam Mohamed , Adly K. , Hassaan M.Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research work aims to prepare and characterization some Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The co-precipitation method was used for preparing the desired samples, where ZnO replaced by AlCl3. Then the resulted materials were characterized and their structural phases identified using the XRD technique, where eight crystalline phases were identified and then assigned to some of the interatomic planes, (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (112), and (201). Both the average crystalline size and the micro-strain were calculated for each sample, where it was found that both of them increase when Ai-content increases. UV-vis spectra showed an absorption peak centered at 3.34 eV which represents the optical bandgap of ZnO. Al-Impurities acted to improve and increase the value of the optical transmittance, especially in the visible light region. The increase of Al-content influenced, where their values increase when AL-content increases. the value of the calculated nonlinear refractive index may be considered promising for different optoelectronic applications.
Dabigatran and Remdesivir Synergistically Inhibit Coronavirus Replication
Authors: Nelson Alfred D. , Bi Yan , Ji Baoan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background & Aims: Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is an ongoing global pandemic causing more than three million deaths. Protease inhibitors had been shown to decrease viral entry. However, the role of dabigatran, an inhibitor of multiple proteases, on coronavirus remains unknown.Methods: MRC-5 cells, HCT-8, or Huh-7 cells were infected with Beta-coronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were monitored by imaging. Viral load was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Viral protein was detected by Western blot.Results: Camostat, a serine protease inhibitor, had no effect on the replication of OC43 and SARS CoV-2 even at higher doses. Dabigatran inhibited replication, viral entry and CPE of OC43 in a dose-dependent manner. Dabigatran and Remdisivir synergistically inhibited OC43 virus replication. Conclusions: Dabigatran may be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 both for anticoagulation and viral replication inhibition need to be evaluated further.