bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fosfomycin in continuous or prolonged infusion for systemic bacterial infections: a systematic review of its dosing regimen proposal from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies
Authors: Antonello Roberta Maria , Di Bella Stefano , Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Luzzati Roberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFosfomycin (FOS) administered intravenously has been recently rediscovered for the treatment of systemic infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Its pharmacokinetic properties suggest a time-dependent dosing schedule with more clinical benefits from prolonged (PI) or continuous infusion (CI) than from intermittent infusion. We revised literature concerning PI and CI FOS to identify the best dosing regimen based on current evidence. We performed a MEDLINE/PubMed search. Ninety-one studies and their pertinent references were screened. Seventeen studies were included in the present review. The activity of FOS against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated in fourteen and five studies, respectively. Six studies evaluated FOS activity in combination with another antibiotic. Daily dosing of 12, 16, 18 or 24 g, administered with different schedules, were investigated. These regimens resulted active against the tested isolates in most cases. Emergence of resistant isolates has been shown to be preventable through the coadministration of another active antibiotic. FOS is a promising option to treat systemic infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Coadministration with another active molecule is required to prevent the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The results of our review suggest that a therapeutic regimen including a loading dose of FOS 8 g followed by a daily dose of 16 g or 24 g CI could be the best therapeutic approach for patients with normal renal function. The dosing regimens in patients with renal insufficiency and CI or PI superiority compared with intermittent infusion in clinical settings should be further investigated.
Evaluation of two rapid phenotypical tests—Alifax rapid AST colistin test and Rapid Polymyxin NP test—for detection of colistin resistance in Enterobacterales
Authors: Germ Julija , Seme Katja , Cerar Tjasa , Krizan Hergouth Veronika , Pirs Mateja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur study evaluates the performance of two rapid phenotypical tests to detect colistin resistance in Enterobacterales: Alifax rapid AST colistin test using the HB&L system and Rapid Polymyxin NP test prepared in-house. A collection of well-characterized 53 colistin-susceptible and 66 colistin-resistantEnterobacterales isolates was used. The results obtained using both rapid tests were compared to the reference broth microdilution. Overall categorical agreement was 81.5% for Alifax test and 98.3% for Rapid Polymyxin NP test. Based on our results, the Rapid Polymyxin NP test is superior to the Alifax test that performed inadequate for Enterobacter spp.
Genetic Dissection of a Precocious Phenotype in Male Tiger Pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) using Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing, Direct (GRAS-Di)
Authors: Yoshikawa Sota , Hamasaki Masaomi , Kadomura Kazushi , Yamada Toshiyuki , Chuda Hisashi , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Hosoya Sho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe novel non-targeted PCR-based genotyping system, namely Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing, Direct (GRAS-Di), is characterized by the simplicity in library construction and robustness against DNA degradation and is expected to facilitate advancements in genetics, in both basic and applied sciences. In this study, we tested the utility of GRAS-Di for genetic analysis in a cultured population of the tiger pufferfishTakifugu rubripes. The genetic analyses included family structure analysis, genetic map construction, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for the male precocious phenotype using a population consisting of four full-sib families derived from a genetically precocious line. An average of 4.7 million raw reads were obtained from 198 fish. Trimmed reads were mapped onto a Fugu reference genome for genotyping, and 21,938 putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained. These 22 K SNPs accurately resolved the sibship and parent–offspring pairs. A fine-scale linkage map (total size: 1,949 cM; average interval: 1.75 cM) was constructed from 1,423 effective SNPs, for which the allele inheritance patterns were known. QTL analysis detected a significant locus for testes weight on Chr_14 and three suggestive loci on Chr_1, Chr_8, and Chr_19. The significant QTL was shared by body length and body weight. The effect of each QTL was small (phenotypic variation explained, PVE: 3.1–5.9%), suggesting that the precociousness seen in the cultured pufferfish is polygenic. Taken together, these results indicate that GRAS-Di is a practical genotyping tool for aquaculture species and applicable for molecular breeding programs, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection.
Chronic vagus nerve stimulation is associated with multi-year improvement in intrinsic heart rate recovery and left ventricular ejection fraction in ANTHEM-HF
Authors: Nearing Bruce D. , Libbus Imad , Carlson Gerrard M. , Amurthur Badri , KenKnight Bruce H. , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Disturbed autonomic function is implicated in high mortality rates in heart failure patients. High-intensity vagus nerve stimulation therapy was shown to improve intrinsic heart rate recovery and left ventricular ejection fraction over a period of 1 year. Whether these beneficial effects are sustained across multiple years and are related to improved baroreceptor response was unknown.

Methods
All patients (n = 21) enrolled in the ANTHEM-HF clinical trial (NCT01823887, registered 4/3/2013) with 24 h ambulatory electrocardiograms at all time points and 54 normal subjects (PhysioNet database) were included. Intrinsic heart rate recovery, based on ~ 2000 spontaneous daily activity-induced heart rate acceleration/deceleration events per patient, was analyzed at screening and after 12, 24, and 36 months of chronic vagus nerve stimulation therapy (10 or 5 Hz, 250 μs pulse width, 18% duty cycle, maximum tolerable current amplitude).

Results
In response to chronic high-intensity vagus nerve stimulation (≥ 2.0 mA), intrinsic heart rate recovery (all time points, p < 0.0001), heart rate turbulence slope, an indicator of baroreceptor reflex gain (all, p ≤ 0.02), and left ventricular ejection fraction (all, p ≤ 0.04) were improved over screening at 12, 24, and 36 months. Intrinsic heart rate recovery and heart rate turbulence slope were inversely correlated at both screening (r = 0.67, p < 0.002) and 36 months (r = 0.78, p < 0.005).

Conclusion
This non-randomized study provides evidence of an association between improvement in intrinsic heart rate recovery and left ventricular ejection fraction during high-intensity vagus nerve stimulation for a period of ≥ 3 years. Correlated favorable effects on heart rate turbulence slope implicate enhanced baroreceptor function in response to chronic, continuously cyclic vagus nerve stimulation as a physiologic mechanism.
Das artenschutzrechtliche Tötungsverbot als abgestuftes Schutzregime
Authors: Huggins Benedikt 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas in §44 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 BNatSchG verankerte artenschutzrechtliche Tötungsverbot ist eine
zentrale Norm des Naturschutzrechts mit erheblicher praktischer Relevanz. Dies führte zu Anwendungsschwierigkeiten
und veranlasste die Rechtsprechung, das Signifikanzkriterium zu entwickeln, welches der Gesetzgeber in §44
Abs. 5 S. 2 Nr. 1 BNatSchG aufgenommen hat. Eine systematische Aufarbeitung der neuen Gesetzeslage hat
trotz seiner praktischen Relevanz bislang kaum stattgefunden. Der Beitrag nimmt sich zum Ziel, die von
der Rechtsprechung entwickelten und vom Gesetzgeber ausgestalteten Kriterien herauszuarbeiten und vor dem
Hintergrund der Bundesverfassungsgerichtsentscheidung zur naturschutzrechtlichen Einschätzungsprärogative
zu strukturieren. Der Beitrag soll aufzeigen, wie das Tötungsverbot – ursprünglich als
reine Verbotsnorm konzipiert – zu einem abgestuften, an naturschutzfachlichen Erwägungen orientierten
Schutzregime fortentwickelt wurde, das mit der Novellierung 2017 und der Bundesverfassungsgerichtsentscheidung
eine neue Ausprägungsstufe erreicht hat.
Vereinbarkeit des neuen Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetzes mit der Finanzverfassung
Authors: Hennicke Lucas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas neue Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz (BEHG) soll durch einen ab 2021 greifenden Preisanreiz dafür
sorgen, dass vor allem in den Bereichen Verkehr und Wärme CO2-Emissionen eingespart werden. Zweifel
an der Vereinbarkeit mit der Finanzverfassung wurden allerdings laut an der sog. Einführungsphase,
die einen Verkauf der Zertifikate zu einem Fixpreis vorsieht, sowie an der anschließenden Übergangsphase,
in der eine Versteigerung innerhalb eines Preiskorridors mit Unter- und Obergrenze stattfindet. Dieser
Aufsatz möchte zeigen, dass das BEHG in der bestehenden Abgabensystematik verortet und gerechtfertigt
werden kann. Hierfür werden die für die finanzverfassungsrechtliche Bewertung relevanten Regelungsinstrumente
des BEHG dargestellt (1), geprüft, ob sich hinter dem Fixpreis bzw. der Preisobergrenze eine Steuer
verbirgt (2) und schließlich eine Einordnung als nichtsteuerliche Abgabe und deren Rechtfertigung thematisiert
(3).
Acinetobacter stercoris sp. nov. isolated from output source of a mesophilic german biogas plant with anaerobic operating conditions
Authors: Pulami Dipen , Schauss Thorsten , Eisenberg Tobias , Blom Jochen , Schwengers Oliver , Bender Jennifer K. , Wilharm Gottfried , Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Gram-stain-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive strain KPC-SM-21T, isolated from a digestate of a storage tank of a mesophilic German biogas plant, was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic identification based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene revealed highest gene sequence similarity toAcinetobacter baumanniiATCC 19606T(97.0%). Phylogenetic trees calculated based on partial rpoBandgyrBgene sequences showed a distinct clustering of strain KPC-SM-21TwithAcinetobacter gerneriDSM 14967T = CIP 107464Tand not withA. baumannii, which was also supported in the five housekeeping genes multilocus sequence analysis based phylogeny. Average nucleotide identity values between whole genome sequences of strain KPC-SM-21Tand next related type strains supported the novel species status. The DNA G + C content of strain KPC-SM-21Twas 37.7 mol%. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis supported the distinctness of the strain to type strains of next relatedAcinetobacterspecies. Predominant fatty acids were C18:1ω9c (44.2%), C16:0(21.7%) and a summed feature comprising C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:02-OH (15.3%). Based on the obtained genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data we concluded that strain KPC-SM-21Trepresents a novel species of the genusAcinetobacter, for which the nameAcinetobacter stercorissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KPC-SM-21T(= DSM 102168T = LMG 29413T).
Multidimensional niche differentiation might buffer invasion impacts: the case of oligohaline corophiids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Borza Péter , Arbačiauskas Kęstutis , Zettler Michael L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultidimensional niche differentiation might increase the stability of coexistence by reducing overall niche overlap which might have implications on the dynamics of biological invasions. The oligohaline Baltic Seais inhabited by three native and one invasive corophiid amphipod species. These filter feeding crustaceans differ in their substrate preferences and salinity optima which could potentially allow their robust coexistence. However, recent theory predicts that competing species must diverge across all non-substitutable resources (e.g., food and space). We have measured the filter mesh size in the four species (i.e., the distance between bristles on the filtering setae), revealing considerable differences among the three natives (Apocorophium lacustre, Corophium multisetosum and C. volutator), whereas the invasive Chelicorophium curvispinum showed strong overlap with A. lacustre. Theory suggests that the four species cannot coexist robustly due to their overlap in food particle size irrespective of differences in their salinity optima and substrate preferences which is in accordance with observations of local extinctions of A. lacustre. Nevertheless, the stability ensuing from the multidimensional niche differentiation might delay competitive exclusion; i.e., the spatial separation by salinity and substrate types might decrease the intensity of competition for food. Our data for co-occurring populations indicate that A. lacustre might be able to decrease its filter mesh size overlap with C. curvispinum by character displacement and its broader salinity tolerance also might help the native species to persist in the region. However, the niche shift of the species might increase its overlap with C. multisetosum.
(Ex-)breast cancer patients with (pre-existing) symptoms of anxiety and/or depression experience higher barriers to contact health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   UMBRELLA study group, Mink van der Molen Dieuwke R. , Bargon Claudia A. , Batenburg Marilot C. T. , Gal Roxanne , Young-Afat Danny A. , van Stam Lilianne E. , van Dam Iris E. , van der Leij Femke , Baas Inge O. , Ernst Miranda F. , Maarse Wiesje , Vermulst Nieke , Schoenmaeckers Ernst J. P. , van Dalen Thijs , Bijlsma Rhodé M. , Doeksen Annemiek , Verkooijen Helena M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify factors associated with (perceived) access to health care among (ex-)breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Cross-sectional study within a large prospective, multicenter cohort of (ex-)breast cancer patients, i.e., UMBRELLA. All participants enrolled in the UMBRELLA cohort between October 2013 and April 2020 were sent a COVID-19-specific survey, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.

Results
In total, 1051 (66.0%) participants completed the survey. During COVID-19, 284 (27.0%) participants reported clinically relevant increased levels of anxiety and/or depression, i.e., total HADS score ≥ 12. Participants with anxiety and/or depression reported statistically significant higher barriers to contact their general practitioner (47.5% vs. 25.0%, resp.) and breast cancer physicians (26.8% vs. 11.2%, resp.) compared to participants without these symptoms. In addition, a higher proportion of participants with anxiety and/or depression reported that their current treatment or (after)care was affected by COVID-19 compared to those without these symptoms (32.7% vs. 20.5%, resp.). Factors independently associated with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression during COVID-19 were pre-existent anxiety (OR 6.1, 95% CI 4.1–9.2) or depression (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.5–10.2).

Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, (ex-)breast cancer patients with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression experience higher barriers to contact health care providers. Also, they more often report that their health care was affected by COVID-19. Risk factors for anxiety and/or depression during COVID-19 are pre-existent symptoms of anxiety or depression. Extra attention—including mental health support—is needed for this group.
Differential gene expression analysis of palbociclib-resistant TNBC via RNA-seq
Authors: Lanceta Lilibeth , Lypova Nadiia , O’Neill Conor , Li Xiaohong , Rouchka Eric , Chesney Jason , Imbert-Fernandez Yoannis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. Inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are emerging as promising therapeutic agents against TNBC; however, cells can rapidly acquire resistance through multiple mechanisms that are yet to be identified. Therefore, determining the mechanisms underlying resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition is crucial to develop combination therapies that can extend the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitors or delay resistance. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with acquired resistance to palbociclib in ER− breast cancer cells.

Methods
We performed next-generation transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) and pathway analysis in ER− MDA-MB-231 palbociclib-sensitive (231/pS) and palbociclib-resistant (231/pR) cells.

Results
We identified 2247 up-regulated and 1427 down-regulated transcripts in 231/pR compared to 231/pS cells. DEGs were subjected to functional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and the KEGG database which identified many transduction pathways associated with breast cancer, including the PI3K/AKT, PTEN and mTOR pathways. Additionally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that resistance to palbociclib is closely associated with altered cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis suggesting that resistance to palbociclib may be dependent on lipid metabolic reprograming.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that lipid metabolism is altered in TNBC with acquired resistance to palbociclib. Further studies are needed to determine if the observed lipid metabolic rewiring can be exploited to overcome therapy resistance in TNBC.
Post-traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Silwal Sanju , Chudal Roshan , Dybdahl Ragnhild , Sillanmäki Lauri , Lien Lars , Sourander Andre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFew longitudinal studies have focused on mental health problems among adolescents after earthquakes. We investigated changes in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal and explored potential risk factors associated with the change in psychiatric symptoms. This study comprised of 515 adolescents, aged 11–17 years from two earthquake-affected areas, one severely affected than the other. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the standardized Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. No significant change was observed in the prevalence of PTSS and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the earthquake. Living in severely affected area and exposure to trauma after the earthquake were associated with adolescents who developed chronic or delayed PTSS and depressive symptoms. The study findings highlight the need for disaster preparedness and early interventions that strengthen support at various levels.
Non-hyperoctahedral categories of two-colored partitions part I: new categories
Authors: Mang Alexander , Weber Moritz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompact quantum groups can be studied by investigating their representation categories in analogy to the Schur–Weyl/Tannaka–Krein approach. For the special class of (unitary) “easy” quantum groups, these categories arise from a combinatorial structure: rows of two-colored points form the objects, partitions of two such rows the morphisms. Vertical/horizontal concatenation and reflection give composition, monoidal product and involution. Of the four possible classes $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
, $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
, $${\mathcal {S}}$$
S
and $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
of such categories (inspired, respectively, by the classical orthogonal, bistochastic, symmetric and hyperoctahedral groups), we treat the first three—the non-hyperoctahedral ones. We introduce many new examples of such categories. They are defined in terms of subtle combinations of block size, coloring and non-crossing conditions. This article is part of an effort to classify all non-hyperoctahedral categories of two-colored partitions. It is purely combinatorial in nature. The quantum group aspects are left out.
The Effect of Raw Material on the Identification of Knapping Skill: a Case Study from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Proffitt T. , Bargalló A. , de la Torre I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe identification of Oldowan hominin knapping skill levels has been a focus of numerous studies, with apparent variation in technical abilities identified between a number of Early Stone Age archaeological sites. Raw material variability, however, can play a significant role in the outcomes of knapping events as well as in the accuracy of analysis. Implications of such variability are yet to be fully understood. Here we present an experimental study to assess the effects that varying raw materials have on the identification of technological attributes typically associated with varying skill levels and whether it is possible to identify knapper skill levels across multiple raw materials. Variation was tested between raw materials from Olduvai Gorge across and between skill levels. The results suggest that knapping skill levels manifest differently in the material record across raw materials. In addition, we suggest that raw material has a significant effect on identifying knapper skill variation. This has implications for future research concerned with identifying knapper skill within and between early assemblages of differing raw materials.
The changes we need: Education post COVID-19
Authors: Zhao Yong , Watterston Jim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused both unprecendented disruptions and massive changes to education. However, as schools return, these changes may disappear. Moreover, not all of the changes are necessarily the changes we want in education. In this paper, we argue that the pandemic has created a unique opportunity for educational changes that have been proposed before COVID-19 but were never fully realized. We identify three big changes that education should make post COVID: curriculum that is developmental, personalized, and evolving; pedagogy that is student-centered, inquiry-based, authentic, and purposeful; and delivery of instruction that capitalizes on the strengths of both synchronous and asynchronous learning.
Conservation of a strongly declining butterfly species depends on traditionally managed grasslands
Authors: Schwarz Cinja , Fartmann Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
Due to land-use intensification at productive soils and abandonment of marginal farmland, biodiversity has dramatically declined throughout Europe. The dryad (Minois dryas) is a grassland butterfly that has strongly suffered from land-use change across Central Europe.

Aims/Methods:
Here, we analysed the habitat preferences of adult M. dryas and the oviposition-site preferences in common pastures located in mire ecosystems of the German pre-Alps.

Results:
Our study revealed that plot occupancy was equal at common pastures and control plots. However, the abundance of M. dryas was higher at common pastures, although the composition of vegetation types did not differ between the two plot types.

Discussion:
Open fens and transition mires traditionally managed as common pastures or litter meadows (= meadows mown in autumn to obtain bedding for livestock) were the main habitats of M. dryas in our study area. They offered (i) sufficient host plants (Carex spp.), (ii) had a high availability of nectar resources and (iii) a vegetation that was neither too sparse nor too short. In contrast, both abandonment and intensive land use had negative impacts on the occurrence of the endangered butterfly species.

Implications for Insect Conservation
Based on our study and other recent research from the common pastures, we recommend to maintain the current grazing regime to foster biodiversity in general and M. dryas in particular. Additionally, where possible, abandoned fens and transition mires adjacent to common pastures should be integrated into the low-intensity pasture systems. The preservation of traditionally managed litter meadows is the second important possibility to conserve M. dryas populations.