bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The slab–mantle wedge interface of an incipient subduction zone: Insights from the P–T–D evolution and petrological characteristics of the Dalrymple Amphibolite, Palawan Ophiolite, Philippines
Authors: Valera Gabriel Theophilus V. , Kawakami Tetsuo , Payot Betchaida D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we present the petrological characteristics and pressure–temperature–deformation (P–T–D) history of the Dalrymple Amphibolite in Palawan Island, Philippines. This unit occurs below the residual mantle peridotites of the Palawan Ophiolite composed of interlayered dunite and harzburgite. The Dalrymple Amphibolite is predominantly composed of high‐grade metamafic blocks with minor metasedimentary units surrounded by a highly sheared hybridized matrix (kyanite + Ca‐amphibole + biotite + ilmenite ± garnet). Zr‐in‐rutile geothermometry and quartz‐in‐garnet geobarometry of the garnet amphibolite block reveal the P–T conditions of the prograde metamorphism from ~625°C, 11.5 kbar to ~700°C, 13 kbar. Zr‐in‐rutile geothermometer and the TZARS geobarometer (clinozoisite + rutile + quartz = anorthite + titanite + H2O) further indicate comparable peak metamorphic conditions for the amphibolite and epidote amphibolite (~605–710°C, 10–13 kbar) blocks. Geothermobarometry of the matrix surrounding the blocks reveals similar peak metamorphic conditions of ~700°C and 13 kbar to the garnet amphibolite blocks. The paleogeothermal gradient preserved in the Dalrymple Amphibolite (~16°C/km) and its block‐in‐matrix structure are atypical of metamorphic soles and are more akin to high‐T mélange complexes interpreted to have formed during incipient subduction. These P–T estimates and its block‐in‐matrix structure suggest that the Dalrymple Amphibolite likely represents the slab–mantle wedge interface of a young arc complex already transitioning from the much warmer paleogeothermal gradients of the slab–mantle wedge interface when subduction was first initiated. The similar peak metamorphic conditions constrained in the matrix and the metamafic blocks in the Dalrymple Amphibolite indicate that the matrix‐forming deformation started before the sequence reached peak metamorphic conditions at depths of around 45 km. Furthermore, the petrological and geochemical characteristics of this block‐in‐matrix sequence and the multiple generation of cross‐cutting veins reveal the complex processes that occur in the slab–mantle wedge interface of an arc in its infancy. Our results highlight the prevalence of Ca‐amphibole and kyanite over phyllosilicates (e.g., chlorite and serpentine) in the mélange matrix, mixing of crustal components along the slab–mantle wedge interface promoted by multiple deformation events and the ubiquity of fluids throughout its history. Subduction zones with similar geothermal gradients (e.g., warm subduction zones) possibly share these petrological characteristics.
Behavioural and neurochemical effects after repeated administration of N‐ethylpentylone (ephylone) in mice
Authors: Espinosa‐Velasco María , Reguilón Marina D. , Bellot Marina , Nadal‐Gratacós Núria , Berzosa Xavier , Puigseslloses Pol , Gómez‐Canela Cristian , Rodríguez‐Arias Marta , Pubill David , Camarasa Jordi , Escubedo Elena , López‐Arnau Raúl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractN‐ethyl‐pentylone (NEP), also known as ‘ephylone’ and N‐ethylnorpentylone, has been identified as one of the most recent novel psychostimulants to emerge into the illicit drug market and it has been associated with some intoxications and even fatalities. However, little is known about the consequences of its repeated consumption as well as the role of the monoaminergic system in such consequences. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the neurochemical profile and the behavioural effects after both acute and repeated NEP exposure. Male OF1 mice were acutely (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or repeatedly (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days, twice/day) exposed to NEP, and anxiety‐like behaviour, aggressiveness, social interaction, depressive‐like symptoms, body temperature, changes in monoaminergic enzymes and neurotransmitters levels as well as ΔFosB in striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC) from post‐mortem tissue were analysed short after drug‐exposure or during drug‐withdrawal. Acute administration of NEP induced anxiolytic effects but also an aggressive behaviour and social exploration deficits in mice, which persist during NEP‐withdrawal. Moreover, NEP induced hyperthermia as well as depressive‐like symptoms after repeated administrations that may be related to the decrease in serotonin and noradrenaline levels observed in striatum and PFC. Finally, the long‐term increase in ΔFosB levels in striatum after NEP chronic exposure points to a high risk of dependence. Altogether indicates that NEP consumption induces different neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by changes in the monoaminergic system, posing a threat to public health.image
Pregnancy and brain architecture: Associations with hormones, cognition and affect
Authors: Rehbein Elisa , Kogler Lydia , Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Sattler Anna , Krylova Marina , Kagan Karl Oliver , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Derntl Birgit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSex hormones such as estradiol (E2) have long‐lasting influence on brain architecture. Recent studies indicate further structural changes during hormonal transition periods including pregnancy, when women experience the greatest increase in sex hormone levels across their life span. In the present study, three groups of women (n = 44) with different levels of E2 underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: (1) first‐time pregnant women (n = 13, ‘extreme E2 group’); (2), nulliparous, naturally cycling women who received 12 mg of E2 valerate (n = 16, ‘high E2 group’); and (3) nulliparous, naturally cycling women receiving a placebo and hence low E2 (n = 15, ‘low E2 group’). Blood samples were taken to assess hormonal levels. Moreover, parameters for cognition, emotion regulation and affect were assessed. On the neuronal level, the extreme E2 compared to the high E2 group showed a reduced gray matter volume in the left putamen. However, no significant differences were found between the low vs. high E2 groups, nor between the low E2 and extreme E2 groups. Cognitive performance was reduced in the extreme E2 group, although a positive affect was increased compared to the high E2 and low E2 groups. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed several associations between cognition, subjective measures of affect, emotion regulation and gray matter volume. A volume reduction of the left putamen during pregnancy further supports the notion that the female brain is shaped by hormonal transition phases, possibly preparing women for their future roles (e.g., pregnant women for their role as mothers).
Neuroimaging of astroblastomas: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Baba Akira , Kurokawa Mariko , Ota Yoshiaki , Hassan Omar , Capizzano Aristides , Kim John , Johnson Timothy , Srinivasan Ashok , Moritani Toshio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeAstroblastoma is a rare type of glial tumor, histologically classified into two types with different prognoses: high and low grade. We aimed to investigate the CT and MRI findings of astroblastomas by collecting studies with analyzable neuroimaging data and extracting the imaging features useful for tumor grading.MethodsWe searched for reports of pathologically proven astroblastomas with analyzable neuroimaging data using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Sixty‐five studies with 71 patients with astroblastomas met the criteria for a systematic review. We added eight patients from our hospital, resulting in a final study cohort of 79 patients. The proportion of high‐grade tumors was compared in groups based on the morphology (typical and atypical) using Fisher's exact test.ResultsHigh‐ and low‐grade tumors were 35/71 (49.3%) and 36/71 (50.7%), respectively. There was a significant difference in the proportion of high‐grade tumors based on the tumor morphology (typical morphology: high‐grade = 33/58 [56.9%] vs. atypical morphology, 2/13 [15.4%], p = .012). The reviews of neuroimaging findings were performed using the images included in each article. The articles had missing data due to the heterogeneity of the collected studies.ConclusionsDetailed neuroimaging features were clarified, including tumor location, margin status, morphology, CT attenuation, MRI signal intensity, and contrast enhancement pattern. The classification of tumor morphology may help predict the tumor's histological grade, contributing to clinical care and future oncologic research.
Insurability of pandemic risks
Authors: Gründl Helmut , Guxha Danjela , Kartasheva Anastasia , Schmeiser Hato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the scope of the private market for pandemic insurance. We develop a framework that explains theoretically how the equilibrium price of pandemic insurance depends on accumulation risk, covariance between pandemic claims and other claims, and covariance between pandemic claims and the stock market performance. Using the natural catastrophe (NatCat) insurance market as a laboratory, we estimate the relationship between the insurance price markup and the tail characteristics of the loss distribution. Then, by using the high‐frequency data tracking the economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, we calibrate the loss distribution of a hypothetical insurance contract designed to alleviate the impact of the pandemic on small businesses. The pandemic insurance contract price markup corresponds to the top 20% markup observed in the NatCat insurance market. Then we analyze an intertemporal risk‐sharing scheme that can reduce the expected shortfall of the loss distribution by 50%.
Political embeddedness and firms' growth
Authors: Wang Zhi , Yu Miao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether and when political embeddedness affects firms' growth. Using a dataset of Chinese A‐share firms from 2008 to 2017, we find that both organizational and individual political embeddedness in firms draws negative effects on corporate growth. Such effects mainly come from political embeddedness created by current and local political actors, compared with former and central ones. Moreover, the “grabbing effects” of political embeddedness vary contingent on focal firms' financial situation, political uncertainty, and regional economic and legal environment. That is, the “grabbing effects” are stronger for financially healthy firms than for financially distressed firms. Political uncertainty created by government official replacement refrains political actors from tunneling benefits from affiliated firms and mitigates the negative effects of political embeddedness. Both economic development and legal completeness are conducive to alleviating the “grabbing effects” of political embeddedness. Overall, our findings enrich and extend the “grabbing hand” theory.
Consumption of animal source foods, especially fish, is associated with better nutritional status among women of reproductive age in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Andrews Chloe , Shrestha Robin , Ghosh Shibani , Appel Katherine , Gurung Sabi , Ausman Lynne M. , Marino Costello Elizabeth , Webb Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn rural Bangladesh, intake of nutrient‐rich foods, such as animal source foods (ASFs), is generally suboptimal. Diets low in nutrients and lacking in diversity put women of reproductive age (WRA) at risk of malnutrition as well as adverse birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal dietary diversity, consumption of specific food groups and markers of nutritional status, including underweight [body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2], overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) and anaemia (haemoglobin < 120 g/dl) among WRA in Bangladesh. This analysis used data from the third round of a longitudinal observational study, collected from February through May of 2017. Dietary data were collected with a questionnaire, and Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was calculated. Associations between WDDS, food group consumption and markers of nutritional status were assessed with separate adjusted logistic regression models. Among WRA, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and anaemia was 13.38%, 40.94% and 39.99%, respectively. Women who consumed dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV) or eggs were less likely to be anaemic or underweight, respectively, and women who consumed ASFs, particularly fish, were less likely to be underweight compared with women who did not consume these foods. WDDS did not show any consistent relationship with WRA outcomes. Interventions that focus on promoting optimal nutritional status among WRA in Bangladesh should emphasise increasing consumption of specific nutrient‐rich foods, including ASFs, DGLV and eggs, rather than solely focusing on improving diet diversity in general.
Proteins DotY and DotZ modulate the dynamics and localization of the type IVB coupling complex of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Macé Kevin , Meir Amit , Lukoyanova Natalya , Liu Luying , Chetrit David , Hospenthal Manuela K. , Roy Craig R. , Waksman Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLegionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen infecting alveolar macrophages and protozoa species. Legionella utilizes a Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) to translocate over 300 effector proteins into its host cell. In a recent study, we have isolated and solved the cryo‐EM structure of the Type IV Coupling Complex (T4CC), a large cytoplasmic determinant associated with the inner membrane that recruits effector proteins for delivery to the T4SS for translocation. The T4CC is composed of a DotLMNYZ hetero‐pentameric core from which the flexible IcmSW module flexibly protrudes. The DotY and DotZ proteins were newly reported members of this complex and their role remained elusive. In this study, we observed the effect of deleting DotY and DotZ on T4CC stability and localization. Furthermore, we found these two proteins are co‐dependent, whereby the deletion of DotY resulted in DotZ absence from the coupling complex, and vice versa. Additional cryo‐EM data analysis revealed the dynamic movement of the IcmSW module is modified by the DotY/Z proteins. We therefore determined the likely function of DotY and DotZ and revealed their importance on T4CC function.
Mediterranean diet and adiposity in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Lassale Camille , Fitó Montserrat , Morales‐Suárez‐Varela María , Moya Andrés , Gómez Santiago F. , Schröder Helmut 
Published: November 2021

SummaryOur aim was to summarize, through a systematic review, the current evidence from dietary intervention and observational studies on the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on adiposity markers and obesity in children and adolescents. We searched Medline up to June 1, 2021 for the identification of intervention and observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria, following the PRISMA statement. We included 55 articles: 8 intervention studies and 47 observational studies. Three trials report a beneficial effect of the dietary intervention, whereas two did not, and three did not compare with a control. All observational studies were cross‐sectional, and only five studies also included a longitudinal analysis. More than half of the cross‐sectional studies found no significant association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and adiposity. Three out of the five longitudinal studies found a negative association. The majority of both observational and intervention studies was of low quality. Despite a large number of published studies, overall, there is only limited evidence of a beneficial effect of following a traditional Mediterranean diet to maintain a healthy body weight in childhood. More high‐quality intervention and longitudinal data are needed to form the base of large‐scale health programs to prevent childhood obesity.
Learning from the Failure of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems: Accidents, Safety, and Sociotechnical Sources of Risk
Authors: Macrae Carl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfforts to develop autonomous and intelligent systems (AIS) have exploded across a range of settings in recent years, from self‐driving cars to medical diagnostic chatbots. These have the potential to bring enormous benefits to society but also have the potential to introduce new—or amplify existing—risks. As these emerging technologies become more widespread, one of the most critical risk management challenges is to ensure that failures of AIS can be rigorously analyzed and understood so that the safety of these systems can be effectively governed and improved. AIS are necessarily developed and deployed within complex human, social, and organizational systems, but to date there has been little systematic examination of the sociotechnical sources of risk and failure in AIS. Accordingly, this article develops a conceptual framework that characterizes key sociotechnical sources of risk in AIS by reanalyzing one of the most publicly reported failures to date: the 2018 fatal crash of Uber's self‐driving car. Publicly available investigative reports were systematically analyzed using constant comparative analysis to identify key sources and patterns of sociotechnical risk. Five fundamental domains of sociotechnical risk were conceptualized—structural, organizational, technological, epistemic, and cultural—each indicated by particular patterns of sociotechnical failure. The resulting SOTEC framework of sociotechnical risk in AIS extends existing theories of risk in complex systems and highlights important practical and theoretical implications for managing risk and developing infrastructures of learning in AIS.
Mortality following non‐fatal suicide attempts by Veterans in Veterans Health Administration care
Authors: Hein Tyler C. , Cooper Samantha A. , McCarthy John F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known regarding long‐term mortality outcomes after non‐fatal suicide attempts among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients, which may inform services delivery and program evaluation.MethodsFor 4,601,081 Veterans with 2005 VHA encounters, we assessed unadjusted and age‐adjusted all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality through 2017, overall and for Veterans with (N = 8243) versus without (N = 4,592,838) 2005 VHA suicide attempt documentation. Standardized mortality ratios compared mortality rates by suicide attempt status. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models assessed age‐ and gender‐adjusted mortality risk.ResultsAmong Veteran VHA users with non‐fatal suicide attempt diagnoses, 1.6% died of suicide, 4.6% of non‐suicide external causes, and 30.7% of any cause. In age‐ and gender‐adjusted analyses, Veterans who attempted suicide had increased suicide (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.82–5.36), non‐suicide external cause (HR = 3.75, 95% CI = 3.38–4.17), and all‐cause (separate due to non‐proportional hazards: 2006, HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.81–2.31; 2007–2017, HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.65–1.80) mortality through 2017.ConclusionOver 12 years, Veteran VHA patients with non‐fatal suicide attempt diagnoses had increased risk of suicide, non‐suicide external cause, and all‐cause mortality. Over 98% of Veteran VHA users who had a diagnosed non‐fatal attempt did not die by suicide, highlighting additional program evaluation outcomes and opportunities to support physical and mental health.
Belt and road initiative and Chinese cross‐border mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Zhang Chi , T. Kandilov Ivan , D. Walker Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative was introduced to further economic connections with partner countries and foster development within China. We examine the effect of the Initiative on Chinese cross‐border M&As. We find that the Initiative significantly increases the probability and the transaction amount of M&A deals in target countries. Moreover, the market reacts more positively to these deals. We find that the effect is entirely driven by state‐owned enterprises during our sample period and it is more pronounced in firms that are located on the more‐developed eastern coast of China. The evidence suggests that the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative was followed by economically meaningful cross‐border M&A in targeted countries.
Utility of reticulocyte haemoglobin content and immature reticulocyte fraction in early diagnosis of latent iron deficiency in whole blood donors
Authors: Suria Nitika , Kaur Ravneet , Mittal Kshitija , Palta Anshu , Sood Tanvi , Kaur Paramjit , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present study was planned to assess the clinical utility of reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) in the early detection of latent iron deficiency in blood donors.Materials and MethodsThe prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted using the purposive sampling method. Written informed consent was obtained and donors were allocated into the first‐time (FTD) and regular donor (RD) group. The enrolled blood donors (n = 205 in each group) were followed up for two subsequent whole blood donations. Haemoglobin (Hb), CHr, IRF and serum ferritin values were recorded at enrolment and two follow‐ups.ResultsThe sensitivity of CHr in detecting iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (serum ferritin values ≤ 26 μg/dl) was 45% and 56.7%, specificity 96.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) 85.6% and 90.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.1% and 78.7%, respectively in FTD and RD cohorts. The sensitivity of IRF was 45.1% and 44.8%, specificity 93.4% and 97.1%, PPV 74.8% and 90.4% and NPV 79.6% and 74.5%, respectively in both the cohorts.The sensitivity of CHr in detecting absent iron stores (serum ferritin values ≤ 15 μg/dl) was 66.2% and 74.4%, specificity 92% and 90.6%, PPV 56.7% and 68.7% and NPV 94.5% and 92.8% among FTD and RD cohort, respectively. The sensitivity of IRF was 72.7% and 65.3%, specificity 90.3% and 94.3%, PPV 54.4% and 76% and NPV 95.4% and 90.8%, respectively in both the cohorts.ConclusionReticulocyte hemoglobin content and IRF can be used along with complete blood count for early detection of iron deficiency in blood donors using the same blood sample at no extra cost.