bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmaco-chemical profiling of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. with special reference to soil chemistry
Authors: Mohan Prasobh K. , Adarsh Krishna T. P. , Senthil Kumar T. , Ranjitha Kumari B. D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) (DG) is a perennial non-climbing herb or shrub and folklore medicine, widely shows a large number of medicinal properties, as well as contains divergent bioactive compounds. Many of the herbal formulations contain this medicinal plant, which is considered as master of medicinal plant in Ayurveda. This study is an attempt to establish this plant material based on its pharmaco-chemical profiles with special reference to soil chemistry. The pharmaco-chemical features such as organoleptic, DNA sequence, physicochemical, proximate, phytochemical, UV, and FTIR profiling were carried out using standard techniques. Moreover, the ADME-PK properties of the selected molecules were established.

Results
The pharmaco-chemical features like organoleptic, DNA sequence, physicochemical, proximate, phytochemical, UV, and FTIR profiling, ADME-PK properties, and soil chemistry of D. gangeticum revealed its unique and diagnostic peculiarities. DNA barcoding showed that the sequence was 99.77% similar to D. gangeticum (KP094638) having 100% query coverage. The soil analysis revealed the presence of moderately high content of NPK and sufficient amount of all essential macro- and micronutrients (S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B). The phytochemical profiling showed that the ethanolic extract of the aerial part contained glycoside, amino acid, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins, while the ethanolic root extract of the plant revealed the presence of glycoside, amino acid, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, and triterpenoids. FTIR results indicated that the plant extracts are mainly rich in phenolic derivatives. ADME-PK properties of pterocarpan such as gangetin (1a), gangetinin (1b), desmocarpin (1c), and desmodin (1d) were found to pass the Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, and Egan rules, supporting the drug-likeliness.

Conclusion
This is the first record of pharmaco-chemical profiling of D. gangeticum along with soil chemistry, and this information helps in the proper identification and future studies on this species.

Graphic abstract
Correlation of Preoperative Imaging Findings and Parathyroidectomy Outcomes Support NICE 2019 Guidance
Authors: Chander Nikita R , Chidambaram Swathikan , Van Den Heede Klaas , DiMarco Aimee N , Tolley Neil S , Palazzo F Fausto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Preoperative localization studies are standard practice in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). The most common modalities are neck ultrasound (US) and sestamibi scanning. However, the nature of pHPT is changing, with imaging increasingly yielding negative results. Numerous studies suggest unlocalized disease is associated with poor outcomes, calling into question whether such patients are best treated conservatively.

Objective
This study aims to correlate parathyroidectomy outcomes with preoperative imaging in a single, high-volume institution.

Methods
Data from a prospectively maintained departmental database of operations performed from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed. All patients undergoing first-time surgery for sporadic pHPT were included. Data collected included patient demographics, preoperative imaging, surgical strategy, and postoperative outcomes.

Results
A total of 609 consecutive parathyroidectomies were included, with a median age of 59 years (range 20-87 years). The all-comer cure rate was 97.5%; this was 97.9% in dual localized patients (those with positive US and sestamibi), compared to 95.8% in the dual unlocalized group (those with negative US and sestamibi) (P = 0.33). Unilateral neck exploration was the chosen approach in 59.9% of patients with double-positive imaging and 5.7% of patients with double-negative imaging (otherwise, bilateral parathyroid visualization was performed). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral neck exploration.

Conclusions
Patients with negative preoperative imaging who undergo parathyroidectomy are cured in almost 96% of cases, compared to 98% when the disease is localized. This difference does not reach statistical or clinical significance. These findings therefore support current recommendations that all patients with pHPT who are likely to benefit from operative intervention should be considered for parathyroidectomy, irrespective of preoperative imaging findings.
Endocrine Manifestations and New Developments in Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Ng Yi Shiau , Lim Albert Zishen , Panagiotou Grigorios , Turnbull Doug M , Walker Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of common inherited diseases causing disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. Some patients with mitochondrial disease have endocrine manifestations, with diabetes mellitus being predominant but also include hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, and hypoparathyroidism. There have been major developments in mitochondrial disease over the past decade that have major implications for all patients. The collection of large cohorts of patients has better defined the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and the majority of patients with endocrine abnormalities have involvement of several other systems. This means that patients with mitochondrial disease and endocrine manifestations need specialist follow-up because some of the other manifestations, such as stroke-like episodes and cardiomyopathy, are potentially life threatening. Also, the development and follow-up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. There is also considerable research activity to identify novel therapies for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. The revolution in genetics, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, has made genetic testing more available and establishing a precise genetic diagnosis is important because it will affect the risk for involvement for different organ systems. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is also crucial because important reproductive options have been developed that will prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease because of mitochondrial DNA variants to the next generation.
Diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of image-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy for subsolid pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Junghoon , Chee Choong Guen , Cho Jungheum , Kim Youngjune , Yoon Min A 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for subsolid pulmonary nodules and sources of heterogeneity among reported results. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries (until November 7, 2020) for studies measuring the diagnostic accuracy of PTNB for subsolid pulmonary nodules. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of PTNB were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Bivariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. Pooled overall and major complication rates were calculated. Results: We included 744 biopsies from 685 patients (12 studies). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PTNB for subsolid nodules were 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85–94%) and 99% (95% CI: 92–100%), respectively. Mean age above 65 years was the only covariate significantly associated with higher sensitivity (93% vs  85%, p = 0.04). Core needle biopsy showed marginally higher sensitivity than fine-needle aspiration (93% vs  83%, p = 0.07). Pooled overall and major complication rate of PTNB were 43% (95% CI: 25–62%) and 0.1% (95% CI: 0–0.4%), respectively. Major complication rate was not different between fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy groups (p = 0.25). Conclusion: PTNB had acceptable performance and a low major complication rate in diagnosing subsolid pulmonary nodules. The only significant source of heterogeneity in reported sensitivities was a mean age above 65 years. Advances in knowledge: This is the first meta-analysis attempting to systemically determine the cause of heterogeneity in the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of PTNB for subsolid pulmonary nodules.
BOSC 2021, the 22nd Annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference
Authors: Harris Nomi L. , Cock Peter J. A. , Fields Christopher J. , Hokamp Karsten , Maia Jessica , Munoz-Torres Monica , Sharan Malvika , Williams Jason 
Published: October 2021

The 22nd annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference (BOSC 2021, open-bio.org/events/bosc-2021/) was held online as a track of the 2021 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology / European Conference on Computational Biology (ISMB/ECCB) conference. Launched in 2000 and held every year since, BOSC is the premier meeting covering topics related to open source software and open science in bioinformatics. In 2020, BOSC partnered with the Galaxy Community Conference to form the Bioinformatics Community Conference (BCC2020); that was the first BOSC to be held online. This year, BOSC returned to its roots as part of ISMB/ECCB 2021. As in 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to hold the conference in person, so ISMB/ECCB 2021 took place as an online meeting attended by over 2000 people from 79 countries. Nearly 200 people participated in BOSC sessions, which included 27 talks reviewed and selected from submitted abstracts, and three invited keynote talks representing a range of global perspectives on the role of open science and open source in driving research and inclusivity in the biosciences, one of which was presented in French with English subtitles.
Sokratejsko-platońska filozoficzna terapia religii. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Sikora Piotr 
Published: October 2021

Przedmiotem mojego artykułu jest próba zastosowaniu idei filozofii jako terapii w odniesieniu do religii. Zagadnienie jest o tyle istotne, iż wiele współczesnych form religii posiada cechy, które wydają się dysfunkcyjne - wymagają „terapii”. Czy taką terapią może być filozofia?
Istnieją argumenty, iż filozofia nie ma kompetencji, by cokolwiek osądzać, a tym bardziej zmieniać w religii. Zarzuty „filozoficzny” głosi, że filozofia i religia to różne, autonomiczne „gry językowe”, zaś każda „gra” posiada sobie właściwe reguły, które nie mogą być osądzane i zmieniane w świetle reguł innej „gry”. Zarzut „teologiczny”: że religia opiera się na boskim objawieniu i wszelkie czysto ludzkie roszczenia do osądu tego, co pochodzi ze sfery absolutnej, są nieuprawnioną, a wręcz bluźnierczą uzurpacją.
W moim tekście chcę pokazać, że (a) istnieje sposób filozofowania, wobec którego powyższe zarzuty są nietrafione oraz (b) zarysować szkic programu „filozoficznej terapii religii”.
Carrier-envelope offset frequency dynamics of a 10-GHz modelocked laser based on cascaded quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: Krüger L. M. , Camenzind S. L. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U. 
Published: October 2021

Cascaded quadratic nonlinearities from phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation build the foundation for robust soliton modelocking in straight-cavity laser configurations by providing a tunable and self-defocusing nonlinearity. The frequency dependence of the loss-related part of the corresponding nonlinear response function causes a power-dependent self-frequency shift (SFS). In this paper, we develop a simple analytical model for the SFS-induced changes on the carrier-envelope offset frequency (fCEO) and experimentally investigate the static and dynamic fCEO dependence on pump power. We find good agreement with the measured dependence of fCEO on laser output power, showing a broad fCEO tuning capability from zero up to the pulse repetition rate. Moreover, we stabilize the relative intensity noise to the −157 dBc/Hz level leading to a tenfold reduction in fCEO-linewidth.
Incoherent two-color pulse compounds
Authors: Melchert O. , Demircan A. 
Published: October 2021

We study the dynamical evolution of two-frequency pulse compounds, i.e., intriguing bound-states of light, kept together due to their incoherent interaction. A special class of solutions of such compounds is found to be describable in terms of a simplified model. They entail generalized dispersion Kerr solitons and yield their corresponding metasolitons. We use these solutions to study when the interaction of their constituent pulses is independent of their phase. These results are relevant to understand the complex collision dynamics of quasi-group-velocity-matched solitons across a vast frequency gap.
Computational vector fiducial for deflectometry system alignment
Authors: Kang Hyukmo , Quach Henry , Berkson Joel , Aftab Maham , Smith George , Choi Heejoo , Kim Daewook 
Published: October 2021

One of deflectometry’s cardinal strengths is its ability to measure highly dynamically sloped optics without needing physical null references. Accurate surface measurements using deflectometry, however, require precise calibration processes. In this Letter, we introduce an alignment technique using a computational fiducial to align a deflectometry system without additional hardware equipment (i.e., algorithmic innovation). Using the ray tracing program, we build relationships between the plane of the screen and detector and algorithmically generate a fiducial pattern for the deflectometry configuration. Since the fiducial pattern is based on ideal system geometry, misalignment of the unit under test with its target position causes a discrepancy between the actual image on the camera detector and the ideal fiducial image. We leverage

G

and

C

vector polynomials to quantify misalignment and estimate the alignment status through a reverse optimization method. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can align the

195

m
m

×
80

m
m

of a rectangular aperture freeform optic within 10 µm of peak-to-valley accuracy. The computational fiducial-based alignment algorithm is simple to apply and can be an essential procedure for conventional methods of deflectometry system alignment.
Awareness of cardiovascular diseases risk factors, attitude towards their health and sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population in Russia/Siberia (WHO International «MONICA-psychosocial» program)
Authors: Gafarov V. V. , Gromova E. A. , Panov D. O. , Gagulin I. V. , Tripelhorn A. N. , Gafarova A. V. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: to establish associations of awareness and attitude towards cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevention in people with sleep disorders in an open population of Novosibirsk aged 25–64 years.Patients and methods. We carried out screening surveys of representative samples of the 25–64 years old population: in 2013–2016 – V screening (427 men, mean age– 34±0.4 years, response rate – 71%; 548 women, mean age– 35±0.4 years, response rate – 72%); in 2015–2018 – VI screening (275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response rate – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response rate – 75%) using the protocol of the WHO international program «MONICA-psychosocial». Jenkins sleep evaluation questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep disorders in the study population.Results and discussion. Participants with sleep disorders believed that they were «not entirely healthy» (men – 65.5%, χ2 =57.825, df=8, p<0.001 and women – 69.6%, χ2 =96.883, df=4, p<0.001); had health related complaints (men – 78.2%, χ2 =24.179, df=2, p<0.001 and women – 85.2%, χ2 =55.144, df=2, p<0.001), and clearly did not care enough about their health (men – 32.7%, χ2 =29.31, df=4, p<0.001 and women – 34.1%, χ2 =28.116, df=4, p<0.001). Men with sleep disorders more often assumed that they were more likely to get a serious illness within the next 5–10 years (χ2 =12.976, df=4, p<0.01). Participants with sleep disorders were confident that modern medicine can prevent (men – 10.9%, χ2 =19.079, df=2, p<0.001 and women – 13.3%, χ2 =21.944, df=2, p<0.01) and successfully treat (men – 3.6%, χ2 =24.142, df=8, p<0.01 and women – 3.7%, χ2 =15.538, df=8, p<0.05) only some heart diseases. Men and women with sleep disorders are more likely to seek medical attention in case of severe pain or discomfort in the heart area, but do not seek medical advice if this pain or unpleasant sensation is mild (men – 63.6%, χ2 =14.867, df=6, p<0.05 and women – 60%, χ2 =17.872, df=6, p<0.01). Among the participants with sleep disorders men more often believe that the doctor «knows more than me» (36.4%), and women (48.1%) chose an answer: «I will not necessarily agree with the opinion of the doctor after a general examination, until a thorough evaluation has been carried out by specialists» (χ2 =5.917, df=2, p<0.05). Women with sleep disorders were more likely to continue to work if they did not feel very well (54.1%, χ2 =12.455, df=4, p<0.05) or their body temperature rose (37.8%, χ2 =12.937, df=4, p<0.05).Conclusion. People with sleep disorders generally have a more negative attitude towards their health and are skeptical about the possibilities of modern medicine to prevent and treat CVDs, which is reflected in their attitude to work and preventive check-ups.
A Digitális Múzeum 10 éve
Authors: Ruttkay Zsófia , Bényei Judit 
Published: October 2021

A digitális múzeummal 10 éve kezdtünk el foglalkozni, és indítottunk azonos néven projekt alapú interdiszciplináris kurzust, minden évben más-más örökség intézménnyel együttműködve. Tanulmányunkban először definiáljuk a digitális múzeum fogalmát és tudományos kontextusát, és kitérünk a múzeum megújulásának alapvetően társadalmi (és nem technológiai) indíttatásaira. A további, fő részben a 10 év során szerzett tapasztalatainkat összegezzük. Vázoljuk a digitális múzeum kurzus mint újfajta felsőoktatási forma jegyeit, és az abban való együttműködés előnyeit a múzeumi partnerek számára. Reprezentatív, elsősorban oktatási keretben született projekteket tárgyalva bemutatjuk a digitális technológiák múzeumi alkalmazásának lehetőségeit. Az egyes projektek a következő funkciókra adnak innovatív megoldást: tárlatvezetés, távelérés, adatok és összefüggések interaktív prezentálása, játékos ismeretszerzés, városi séták, transzmediális tartalmak és marketing. Végül tárgyaljuk a COVID-19 hosszabb távú hatását a digitális múzeumra, valamint a tudományos igényű hatásvizsgálatok és a muzeológiai szerepkörök és az ezekre felkészítő egyetemi specializációk és továbbképzések szükségességét.
Online szálakkal összevarrva – múzeumi közösségek a világhálón
Authors: Berényi Marianna 
Published: October 2021

A tanulmány a múzeumok online közösségfejlesztő tevékenységét vizsgálja a koronavírus (COVID-19) világjárvány idején jógyakorlatokon, online látogatókutatásokon keresztül a magyar és a nemzetközi szakirodalom kontextusában, egyúttal az előzményeket is felvázolva. A magyar és a nemzetközi példák azt mutatják, hogy a több mint 10 éves múltra visszatekintő múzeumi participáció, a területre vonatkozó kutatások és fejlesztések, valamint a múzeumok közösségi médiában folytatott tevékenysége a sporadikusan megjelenő példák ellenére is csak a pandémia idején kovácsolódott össze, egészítette ki egymást, különösen azokban az intézményekben, amelyek mindkét területen tettek már szert tapasztalatokra. A múzeumok egy része kezdetektől fogva érzékelte a web 2.0 lehetőségeit, nem csak arculatépítésre, kommunikációs csatornaként használták ezeket a felületeket, hanem az interaktivitás és az elkötelezettség szerepét felismerve közösségépítésre, együttműködésre is. Az online közösségépítő projektek kitágították a világhálóra jellemző hipertextualitás határát. Az egy-egy téma mentén szerveződő projekteken nemcsak internetes tartalmak kapcsolódtak össze, mutattak egymásra linkeken keresztül, hanem a társadalom aktív tagjai offline környezetükkel, saját történeteikkel is a múzeum köré szőtt háló részeseivé válhattak. 2020-ban és 2021-ben olyan, a pandémiát követő időszakban is alkalmazható kreatív megoldások születtek, amelyek nemhogy gyöngítették volna, hanem több szempontból is erősítették az intézmények társadalmi beágyazottságát, valamint rámutattak a terület sérülékeny pontjaira, sőt a jövő közösségi fejlesztéseinek új lehetőségeire is.
Memory Reactivation during Sleep Improves Execution of a Challenging Motor Skill
Authors: Cheng Larry Y. , Che Tiffanie , Tomic Goran , Slutzky Marc W. , Paller Ken A. 
Published: October 2021

Memory reactivation during sleep reinforces various types of learning. Basic motor skills likely benefit from sleep. There is insufficient evidence, however, on whether memory reactivation during sleep contributes to learning how to execute a novel action. Here, we investigated motor learning in a myoelectric feedback task. Human male and female participants learned to control myoelectric activity in specific arm muscles to move a computer cursor to each of 16 locations. Each location was associated with a unique sound. Half of the sounds were played during slow-wave sleep to reactivate corresponding memories of muscle control. After sleep, movements cued during sleep were performed more quickly and efficiently than uncued movements. These results demonstrated that memory reactivation during sleep contributes to learning of action execution. We conclude that sleep supports learning novel actions, which also maps onto the learning required in certain neurorehabilitation procedures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrior literature on motor learning has produced much evidence supporting a role for sleep but scant evidence on the execution component. This aspect of learning is critical for many complex skills that people value in their lives. Our results not only implicate sleep in skill learning but also pinpoint a benefit for motor execution using a method for modifying memory storage during sleep. We used targeted memory reactivation (TMR), whereby a stimulus that has been associated with learning is presented again during sleep to bring on a recapitulation of waking brain activity. Our demonstration that memory reactivation contributed to skilled performance may be relevant for neurorehabilitation as well as fields concerned with motor learning, such as kinesiology and physiology.