bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective approach to diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using pixel subtraction and machine learning classification of outpatient consultation videos
Authors: Chiu Yi-Hung , Lee Ying-Han , Wang San-Yuan , Ouyang Chen-Sen , Wu Rong-Ching , Yang Rei-Cheng , Lin Lung-Chang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting between 5% and 7% of school-age children. ADHD is typically characterized by persistent patterns of inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity, and it is diagnosed on the basis of the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, through subjective observations and information provided by parents and teachers. Diagnosing ADHD in children is challenging, despite several assessment tools, such as the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire, being widely available. Such scales provide only a subjective understanding of the disorder. In this study, we employed video pixel subtraction and machine learning classification to objectively categorize 85 participants (43 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 42 without) into an ADHD group or a non-ADHD group by quantifying their movements.

Methods
We employed pixel subtraction movement quantization by analyzing movement features in videos of patients in outpatient consultation rooms. Pixel subtraction is a technique in which the number of pixels in one frame is subtracted from that in another frame to detect changes between the two frames. A difference between the pixel values indicates the presence of movement. In the current study, the patients’ subtracted image sequences were characterized using three movement feature values: mean, variance, and Shannon entropy value. A classification analysis based on six machine learning models was performed to compare the performance indices and the discriminatory power of various features.

Results
The results revealed that compared with the non-ADHD group, the ADHD group had significantly larger values for all movement features. Notably, the Shannon entropy values were 2.38 ± 0.59 and 1.0 ± 0.38 in the ADHD and non-ADHD groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). The Random Forest machine learning classification model achieved the most favorable results, with an accuracy of 90.24%, sensitivity of 88.85%, specificity of 91.75%, and area under the curve of 93.87%.

Conclusion
Our pixel subtraction and machine learning classification approach is an objective and practical method that can aid to clinical decisions regarding ADHD diagnosis.
Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostrate cancer among suburban residents in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Esomonu Ugochukwu , Obun Cletus , Ude Raymond , Igwe Solomon , Esomchi Collins , Ogolekwu Sylvanus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The prostate gland plays a vital role in the production of seminal fluid, which serves to nourish and transport sperm. Prostate-related conditions, particularly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), represent significant health concerns among men globally, with a notable impact in African regions. This study investigated the prevalence of BPH and PC among men in the suburban towns of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research aims to provide critical data for healthcare planning and intervention.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023, involving 1,179 men aged 44 and above across various urban and rural communities within the Cross River State. Participants underwent sonographic assessment using transabdominal ultrasound, and clinical evaluation and questionnaires were then administered at different healthcare institutions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, and the results are presented as tables and percentages.

Results
The findings revealed a BPH incidence of 16.67% and a PC incidence of 0.81%. Age-specific analysis indicated a significant increase in BPH and PC incidence with advancing age, with the highest rates observed in men aged 50–59 and 60–80 years for BPH and PC, respectively. The study also identified contributing factors such as family history, lifestyle, and dietary patterns influencing the occurrence of these conditions.

Conclusion
The prevalence rates underscore the need for enhanced public health strategies, including regular screening programs, early diagnosis, and education on lifestyle modifications. These measures are crucial for mitigating the impact of BPH and PC, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the burden on healthcare systems in Africa.
Association of dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) with circadian rhythm and quality of sleep among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mirzababaei Atieh , Abaj Faezeh , Radmehr Mina , Ghorbani Moloud , Aali Yasaman , Harsini Asma Rajabi , Clark Cain C. T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a global issue, with over 1.9 billion adults overweight. Disruption of circadian rhythms (CR) leads to obesity and metabolic disorders. Dietary nutrition significantly impacts sleep disorders and disruption in CR, influencing hormones and inflammation, which can contribute to insomnia. The dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) are important factors in determining sleep quality. The current study aims to investigate the association between DII and DIL with CR and sleep quality among with overweight and obesity women.

Methods
A case-control study involved 280 overweight/obese women aged 25–40 from Tehran University Medical Science. They were assessed for dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep using validated questionnaires. The study also assessed body composition, bioelectrical impedance analysis, biochemical components, anthropometric components, and blood pressure. Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, such as age, educational level, physical activity, and smoking habits, were also assessed through questionnaires.

Result
In the crude and adjustment models, high adherence of DII compared with lower adherence increased the odds of poor sleep quality index among participants. This significant association remained even after adjustment for confounding variables (P < 0.05), such that the odds of poor sleep quality index was 1.92 times higher.

Conclusion
This study showed high adherence to DII and DIL may cause CR disruption. Furthermore, higher adherence to DII lead to poor sleep quality in women.
Prediction of the success of orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canines using panoramic radiography parameters: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Güllü Yusuf Ömer , Çakmak Özlü Fethiye 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationships between the radiographic features of impacted maxillary canines (IMCs) and traction duration and the factors affecting treatment success.

Methods
Pre-treatment panoramic radiographs and patient records of 121 consecutive patients with IMCs were analyzed. The measurements included the angle of the IMC with the midline (α-angle), the horizontal position of the IMC relative to the adjacent teeth (S-Sector), the distance from the IMC to the occlusal plane (d-distance), the apex position of the IMC (A), and the vertical height of the IMC relative to the adjacent lateral tooth (V). The measurements were repeated 1 week later. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between two measurements. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the factors affecting treatment success. Linear regression was conducted to determine the relationships between traction duration and other parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the α-angle and the d-distance cutoff values for treatment success. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The buccally IMCs were mostly located in sectors 1–2, whereas the palatally IMCs were mostly located in sectors 3-4-5. The effects of the parameters on the treatment success were significant according to the logistic regression of age (p = 0.003), d-distance (p = 0.002), and α-angle (p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that traction duration was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
According to the results of this retrospective study, the α-angle, d-distance, and sector can be used to predict the buccopalatal position of the IMC. The patient’s age, d-distance, and α-angle affected the treatment success. The patient’s age, d-distance, and the sector of the impacted canine affected the traction duration.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Expanding the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of GTPBP3 deficiency: findings from nine Chinese pedigrees
Authors: Xie Yaojun , Li Keyi , Yang Li , Zeng Xiaofei , Chen Zhehui , Ma Xue , Zhang Luyi , Zhou Yuwei , Jin Liqin , Yang Yanling , Lou Xiaoting 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
GTPBP3 catalyzes τm5(s2) U biosynthesis at the 34th wobble position of mitochondrial tRNAs, the hypomodification of τm5U leads to mitochondrial disease. While twenty-three variants of GTPBP3 have been reported worldwide, the genetic landscape in China remains uncertain.

Methods
By using whole-exome sequencing, the candidate individuals carrying GTPBP3 variants were screened and identified. Pathogenicity analysis of variants was biochemically verified by patients-derived immortalized lymphocytes and cell models.

Results
Through whole-exome sequencing, thirteen variants associated with GTPBP3 were identified in nine Chinese pedigrees, with eight of these variants being newly reported. Affected individuals displayed classic neurologic phenotypes and heart complications including developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, exercise intolerance, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, they displayed new symptoms such as eye problems like strabismus and heart issues related to valve function. Studies conducted on patient-derived cells provided evidence of reduced levels of GTPBP3 and impairment in mitochondrial energetic biogenesis. Re-expressing GTPBP3 variants in knockout cell lines further defined the pathogenicity of the novel variants. Analysis of the genetic spectrum in the Chinese population highlighted a concentration in exons 4 and 6, with c.689A > C being the prominent hotspot.

Conclusion
Our findings emphasize the extensive clinical and genetic implications of GTPBP3-related mitochondrial disorders, particularly within the Chinese population, but further investigations are needed to explore the phenotype-genotype correlation.
Multisystem clinicopathologic and genetic analysis of MELAS
Authors: Xu Shuai , Jiang Jialiu , Chang Leilei , Zhang Biao , Zhu Xiaolei , Niu Fengnan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder that mostly affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical symptoms, multisystemic pathogenesis, and genetic characteristics of MELAS syndrome. The aim was to improve comprehension of clinical practice and gain a deeper understanding of the latest pathophysiological theories.

Methods
The present investigation involved a cohort of patients diagnosed with MELAS at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2014 and December 2022. Multisystem symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/MRS), muscle biopsy, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data were summarized and subsequently analysed.

Results
This retrospective study included a cohort of 29 MELAS patients who predominantly presented symptoms such as stroke-like episodes, proximal muscle weakness, and exercise intolerance. MRI scans revealed very small infarcts beneath the deep cortex during stroke-like episodes, indicating nonvascular brain damage. Pathology analyses of the brain also showed neuronal degeneration and glial cell proliferation in the cerebral parenchyma. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) analysis revealed an increase in the lactate peak and a reduction in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Similarly, the phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) analysis revealed an abnormal ratio of inorganic phosphate (Pi) to phosphocreatine (PCr). Muscle biopsy revealed the presence of ragged red fibres (RRFs) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzyme-defective cells. These abnormalities indicate structural abnormalities in the mitochondria and deficiencies in oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. In addition to the common m.3243A > G variant, other prevalent variants, including m.5628 T > C, m.6352-13952del, and a 9-bp small deletion combined with m.3243A > G, exist.

Conclusions
MELAS is a rare mitochondrial syndrome characterized by clinical heterogeneity and genetic heteroplasmy. Abnormalities in mitochondrial metabolic function and impairments in enzyme activity are the pathogenic processes underlying MELAS. Mitochondrial vasculopathy and mitochondrial neuropathy may provide a partial explanation for the unique aetiology of stroke-like episodes.
Higher temperatures and being an ethnic minority reduce mosquito net use in Lao PDR: an analysis of Lao PDR’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and Earth observation satellite data
Authors: Otieno Wills Peter , Ankapong Eunice Abena Kwatemaa , Nomura Kanae , Matsumoto-Takahashi Emilie Louise Akiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Malaria remains the leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Sleeping under mosquito nets, especially insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), is one of the best ways to prevent malaria as they form a physical and chemical barrier against mosquitoes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess not only mosquito net use, but also how environmental factors, specifically land surface temperature, contribute to malaria prevention among households with children under 5 years of age in Lao PDR.

Methods
The most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey datasets of Lao PDR 2017 and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Public Health Monitoring and Analysis Platform (JPMAP) were used. Data from 51,948 households were used in the analysis. A bivariate logistic regression analysis was followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors influencing mosquito net use with children under five.

Results
In this study, 77.8% of all households with children under 5 years of age slept under mosquito nets. Of these, 80.5% were ITNs (Olyset, Permanent, and other brands). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mosquito net use was significantly associated with the land surface temperature, ethno-linguistic group (Lao-Tai, Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Mien, Chinese-Tibetan, and other), education level of the household head, and wealth index quintile.

Conclusions
The analysis of the present study suggested measures to intensify the use of mosquito nets with an emphasis on ethnic minorities living in hot areas to bring Lao PDR closer to the day that mosquito-borne infections such as malaria can be eliminated.
Semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system for autonomous segmentation of concealed prohibited baggage items
Authors: Velayudhan Divya , Ahmed Abdelfatah , Hassan Taimur , Owais Muhammad , Gour Neha , Bennamoun Mohammed , Damiani Ernesto , Werghi Naoufel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the exponential rise in global air traffic, ensuring swift passenger processing while countering potential security threats has become a paramount concern for aviation security. Although X-ray baggage monitoring is now standard, manual screening has several limitations, including the propensity for errors, and raises concerns about passenger privacy. To address these drawbacks, researchers have leveraged recent advances in deep learning to design threat-segmentation frameworks. However, these models require extensive training data and labour-intensive dense pixel-wise annotations and are finetuned separately for each dataset to account for inter-dataset discrepancies. Hence, this study proposes a semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system (BLS) for X-ray baggage security threat instance segmentation referred to as C-BLX. The research methodology involved enhancing representation learning and achieving faster training capability to tackle severe occlusion and class imbalance using a single training routine with limited baggage scans. The proposed framework was trained with minimal supervision using resource-efficient image-level labels to localize illegal items in multi-vendor baggage scans. More specifically, the framework generated candidate region segments from the input X-ray scans based on local intensity transition cues, effectively identifying concealed prohibited items without entire baggage scans. The multi-convolutional BLS exploits the rich complementary features extracted from these region segments to predict object categories, including threat and benign classes. The contours corresponding to the region segments predicted as threats were then utilized to yield the segmentation results. The proposed C-BLX system was thoroughly evaluated on three highly imbalanced public datasets and surpassed other competitive approaches in baggage-threat segmentation, yielding 90.04%, 78.92%, and 59.44% in terms of mIoU on GDXray, SIXray, and Compass-XP, respectively. Furthermore, the limitations of the proposed system in extracting precise region segments in intricate noisy settings and potential strategies for overcoming them through post-processing techniques were explored (source code will be available at https://github.com/Divs1159/CNN_BLS.)
Disseminated tuberculosis in an immunocompetent young female: a case report from Indonesia and a literature review
Authors: William Yonathan , Herwanto Velma , Octavius Gilbert Sterling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Disseminated TB is a potentially life-threatening condition which usually affects immunocompromised patients.

Main body of the abstract
This is a case report of a 40-year-old immunocompetent female presenting with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) involving the lungs, central nervous system, spleen, and lymph nodes. The patient reported a month-long history of diplopia, particularly affecting her right eye, along with vertigo, weight loss, headache, and cough. A history of tuberculous lymphadenopathy and pulmonary tuberculosis treated a year prior was noted, though follow-up confirmation was incomplete. Clinical examination revealed right-sided seventh cranial nerve palsy and slightly elevated intraocular pressure. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, low iron levels, and positive antinuclear and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Chest imaging showed miliary nodules in the lungs, while a computed tomography scan identified splenic granulomas. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a ring-enhancing lesion, pachymeningeal thickening, and arterial wall enhancement, suggestive of tuberculoma, tuberculous meningitis, and vasculitis. Despite negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures, cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated low glucose and elevated protein, and a line probe assay confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was then treated with complete tuberculosis. Significant clinical improvement was observed within a month, and treatment continued for 11 months.

Short conclusion
This case highlights the rare occurrence of disseminated TB in an immunocompetent individual and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications.
Lumbar spinal posture deviation: an observational study on the prevalence among auto-rickshaw drivers
Authors: Arham Mohd , Chakraborty Rahul , Naaz Amreen , Sharma Yamini , Sharma Jyoti , Chahal Aksh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
There are different types of transportation facilities available in India, such as rail, water, and air transportation. In India, the auto rickshaw is a popular mode of public transport. Auto rickshaws are the next most commonly reported mode of transportation, used by 38% of rural households and 47% of urban households, respectively. This study addresses the occupational hazards experienced by auto-rickshaw drivers, as well as health issues such as musculoskeletal problems. Long rides and extended periods of sitting may increase the risk of lumbar spine damage, back discomfort, and stiffness. The purpose of the study is to assess and identify postural abnormalities, such as hypolordosis and hyperlordosis, among auto-rickshaw drivers in a suburban area of a state in India.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the prevalence of lumbar spinal posture deviation among auto rickshaw drivers.

Method
It is an observational study. Specific selection criteria were set, and participants were chosen through convenience sampling, with a sample size of 167 auto-rickshaw drivers from Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Auto-rickshaw drivers aged 20 to 50 years were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each individual. A digital inclinometer was used to determine the lumbo-sacral angle (LSA) for the lumbar curvature. Anthropometric factors such as age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured.

Result
The study shows a significant prevalence of hypolordosis, with 83.8% of drivers displaying this postural abnormality. In addition, 4.8% of drivers showed hyperlordosis, whereas 11.4% had a normal lumbar curvature. Furthermore, the study analyzes the prevalence of postural abnormalities among age groups.

Conclusion
The study emphasizes the need to address postural irregularities among auto-rickshaw drivers, highlighting the prevalence of lumbar spinal posture deviation and the need for efforts to improve working conditions and promote proper posture. Future studies should be planned and executed to focus on developing tailored treatments and ergonomic measures to enhance the well-being of auto-rickshaw drivers.