bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric validation of two different radiobiological models for parotid gland functionality of tongue cancer
Authors: Pramanik Srimanta , Bera Soumen , Roy Sanjoy , Ray Amitabh , Sarkar Sandip , Majumder Dipanjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for parotid gland of ca tongue patients from two different radiobiological models and to establish a dosimetric validity.MethodsLyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) model and linear quadratic (LQ) model were considered for determination of NTCP and tolerance dose (TD5/5 and TD50/5) for the parotid gland of 67 number of ca tongue patients who were treated with the volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) technique. An in‐house developed software on Excel (VBA) was used for this study.ResultsThe equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was linearly proportional to the effective volume (veff) for parotid glands and there was a strong correlation between EUD and veff. At EUD = 46 to 47 Gy, the NTCP of parotid was 0.5 for both the models. The tolerance doses, TD5/5 (veff) and TD50/5 (veff) were exponentially reduced with increase of veff for LKB model; whereas these parameters were volume‐independent in the LQ model. TD5/5 (veff) and TD50/5 (veff) were 31.98 Gy and 45.98 Gy respectively for all 67 patients in the LQ model. Below TD50/5, NTCP of LKB model was less than the NTCP , calculated from LQ model.ConclusionOne may consider radiobiological LQ model for estimation of clinical tolerance dose for OARs. Due to lack of clinical data, there are inaccuracy in determination of NTCP from LQ model. If sufficient number of tolerance data for partial volumes are available, the prediction of NTCP would be more confident.
The impact of the extent and location of positive surgical margins on the risk of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in men with Gleason 7 prostate cancers
Authors: Matti Bashar , Reeves Fairleigh , Prouse Matthew , Zargar‐Shoshtari Kamran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPositive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) have been associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR). This is heavily influenced by other clinicopathological factors. This study aims to assess the impact of the extent and location of PSM on BCR following RP for Gleason 7 carcinoma of the prostate (CaP).Materials and MethodsAll men treated with RP between 2008 and 2017 in our region for localized or locally advanced Gleason 7 CaP, were included. Clinical (age, year, preoperative prostate specific antigen) and pathological (prostate weight, positive or negative surgical margins, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade, T stage) data were collected. PSM were subcategorised according to Extent into favourable (unifocal and <3 mm in length) or unfavourable (multifocal or ≥3 mm in length), and Location into apical only or others. The outcome was the risk of BCR which was calculated with univariable and multivariable regression models and reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe cohort constituted of 1433 men. Majority had ISUP 2 (71.2%) or localized (62%) disease. Men with PSM (n = 506) were at greater risk of BCR when compared to those with negative margins (adjusted HR = 1.52, [CI: 1.14–2.04], p = .005). Similar observation was demonstrated for both PSM location subgroups. As for the PSM extent category, only men with unfavourable PSM demonstrated an increase in BCR risk over negative margin (adjusted HR = 1.67, [CI: 1.23–2.28], p = .001).ConclusionsWithin this study settings, PSM were generally associated with increased BCR risk. This, however, was not demonstrated in favourable PSM extent cases. Observation rather than active treatment in these men should be considered.
Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome in three dimensions (3D) during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lubin Joseph H. , Zardecki Christine , Dolan Elliott M. , Lu Changpeng , Shen Zhuofan , Dutta Shuchismita , Westbrook John D. , Hudson Brian P. , Goodsell David S. , Williams Jonathan K. , Voigt Maria , Sarma Vidur , Xie Lingjun , Venkatachalam Thejasvi , Arnold Steven , Alfaro Alvarado Luz Helena , Catalfano Kevin , Khan Aaliyah , McCarthy Erika , Staggers Sophia , Tinsley Brea , Trudeau Alan , Singh Jitendra , Whitmore Lindsey , Zheng Helen , Benedek Matthew , Currier Jenna , Dresel Mark , Duvvuru Ashish , Dyszel Britney , Fingar Emily , Hennen Elizabeth M. , Kirsch Michael , Khan Ali A. , Labrie‐Cleary Charlotte , Laporte Stephanie , Lenkeit Evan , Martin Kailey , Orellana Marilyn , Ortiz‐Alvarez de la Campa Melanie , Paredes Isaac , Wheeler Baleigh , Rupert Allison , Sam Andrew , See Katherine , Soto Zapata Santiago , Craig Paul A. , Hall Bonnie L. , Jiang Jennifer , Koeppe Julia R. , Mills Stephen A. , Pikaart Michael J. , Roberts Rebecca , Bromberg Yana , Hoyer J. Steen , Duffy Siobain , Tischfield Jay , Ruiz Francesc X. , Arnold Eddy , Baum Jean , Sandberg Jesse , Brannigan Grace , Khare Sagar D. , Burley Stephen K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus as it continues to spread in communities around the globe is important for mitigation and future pandemic preparedness. Three‐dimensional structures of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and those of other coronavirusess archived in the Protein Data Bank were used to analyze viral proteome evolution during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Analyses of spatial locations, chemical properties, and structural and energetic impacts of the observed amino acid changes in >48 000 viral isolates revealed how each one of 29 viral proteins have undergone amino acid changes. Catalytic residues in active sites and binding residues in protein–protein interfaces showed modest, but significant, numbers of substitutions, highlighting the mutational robustness of the viral proteome. Energetics calculations showed that the impact of substitutions on the thermodynamic stability of the proteome follows a universal bi‐Gaussian distribution. Detailed results are presented for potential drug discovery targets and the four structural proteins that comprise the virion, highlighting substitutions with the potential to impact protein structure, enzyme activity, and protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interfaces. Characterizing the evolution of the virus in three dimensions provides testable insights into viral protein function and should aid in structure‐based drug discovery efforts as well as the prospective identification of amino acid substitutions with potential for drug resistance.
Remaining useful life prediction for complex systems considering varying future operational conditions
Authors: Chang Liang , Lin Yan‐Hui , Zio Enrico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRemaining useful life (RUL) prediction technology is important for optimizing maintenance schedules. With the advancement of sensing technology, several deep learning approaches have been proposed to predict RUL without relying on prior knowledge about systems. However, previous deep learning‐based approaches rarely consider the future operational conditions, which can be known according to the future work plan and is an important influential factor for RUL prediction. This paper proposes a multi‐input neural network based on long short‐term memory for RUL prediction considering the temporal dependencies among the measurements when the future operational conditions are known. The sliding window approach is employed for determining the input time sequences of previous monitoring data (including operational condition and sensor measurements), and the length of input time sequences of the future operational conditions are determined based on the prior estimated RUL. Fine‐tuning strategy is proposed to make the training of the multi‐input network more effective. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, a case study referring to the C‐MAPSS dataset is used and a sensitivity analysis is also conducted on the future operational conditions.
Pharmacological interventions to prevent Covid‐19 disease: A rapid review
Authors: Cardwell Karen , O Murchu Eamon , Byrne Paula , Broderick Natasha , Walsh Kieran A. , O'Neill Sinéad M. , Smith Susan M. , Harrington Patricia , Ryan Máirín , O'Neill Michelle 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe aim of this rapid review was to determine the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions (excluding vaccines) to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) or reduce the severity of disease. A systematic search of published peer‐reviewed articles and non‐peer‐reviewed pre‐prints was undertaken from 1 January 2020 to 17 August 2021. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one non‐RCT were included; three trials (two RCTs and one non‐RCT) tested ivermectin with or without carrageenan. While all reported some potential protective effect of ivermectin, these trials had a high risk of bias and the certainty of evidence was deemed to be ‘very low’. One RCT tested bamlanivimab compared to placebo and reported a significantly reduced incidence of Covid‐19 in the intervention group; this trial had a low risk of bias however the certainty of evidence was deemed ‘very low’. The fifth RCT tested casirivimab plus imdevimab versus placebo and reported that the combination of monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, viral load, duration of symptomatic disease and the duration of a high viral load; this trial was deemed to have a low risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was ‘low’. The designations ‘low' and ‘very low’ regarding the certainty of evidence indicate that the estimate of effect is uncertain and therefore is unsuitable for informing decision‐making. At the time of writing, there is insufficient high quality evidence to support the use of pharmacological interventions to prevent Covid‐19.
An adaptive homogeneous domination method to time‐varying control of nonlinear systems
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Guo , Tian Ya‐Ping , Sun Zong‐Yao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe adaptive control issue of uncertain nonlinear system which has complicated polynomial growing condition is studied. Utilizing the dynamic‐gain transformation, we transform the considered system into the time‐varying system. By using a recursively design for its nominal system, a controller is skillfully constructed first. Subsequently, for the original system, by flexibly utilizing the dynamic gain and presenting an adaptive homogeneous domination method, a new time‐varying adaptive controller is successfully obtained to ensure that the equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable. An extended robust adaptive controller is also provided. Finally, we discuss two examples to verify the proposed approach.
Recent Advances in the Nitration of Olefins
Authors: Paul Nilanjan , Maity Soham , Panja Subir , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNitroolefins are important synthetic intermediates in the field of organic synthesis as well as in medicinal chemistry. The high reactivity of nitroalkenes due to the polarized double bond which enables them to act as Michael acceptor in conjugate addition reactions, or as a dienophile in cycloaddition makes it an essential synthetic handle for accessing complex molecules. The classical method to prepare nitroolefins is indeed the Henry nitroaldol reaction, where a carbonyl compound and nitroalkane are condensed in presence of base. Direct nitration of olefin, on the other hand, serves as a useful alternative as olefins are abundant, have broad commercial availability and easy to manipulate. In this context, numerous methods have been developed over the last few decades, focusing on direct nitration of styrene and aliphatic olefins. Furthermore, thorough literature search revealed that implementation of this class of reactions are gaining momentum as a preferred pathway to access nitroolefins, despite the presence of a powerful technique such as Henry reaction. In this review, we aim to cover recent advances in direct olefin nitration and their importance in accessing biorelevant molecules, total synthesis targets and future outlook in this specific research area.
Is age at menarche a predictor of maternal birth trauma?
Authors: Tecson‐Lim M. , Pacquee S. , Gillor M. , Shek K. L. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveAge at menarche and the interval between menarche and age at first vaginal birth have been shown to be associated with reproductive performance; however, their association with maternal birth trauma has not been studied. We aimed to determine whether age at menarche, age at first vaginal birth and their interval are associated independently with levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion and external anal sphincter (EAS) defect.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of the ultrasound volume datasets of 466 vaginally parous patients attending one of two tertiary urogynecological units in Australia. All patients had undergone a standardized interview and clinical examination using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging system, followed by four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound. Tomographic ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate the LAM for avulsion and the EAS for significant defect.ResultsOf the 466 women analyzed, LAM avulsion was diagnosed in 121 (26.0%) and significant EAS defect in 55 (11.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed no association between age at menarche and LAM avulsion (P = 0.67). Weak but significant associations were noted between LAM avulsion and age at first vaginal birth (odds ratio (OR), 1.070 (95% CI, 1.03–1.11); P = 0.0007) and between LAM avulsion and menarche‐to‐first‐vaginal‐birth interval (OR, 1.064 (95% CI, 1.02–1.11); P = 0.0018). No significant associations were noted between significant EAS defect and any of the evaluated variables (all P ≥ 0.49).ConclusionsAge at menarche is not predictive of maternal birth trauma i.e. LAM avulsion and EAS residual defect. There was a statistically significant association between LAM avulsion and menarche‐to‐first‐vaginal‐birth interval; however, this was not stronger than the previously established association between LAM avulsion and age at first vaginal birth, arguing against any distinct effect of prolonged prepregnancy hormonal stimulation on the biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Current anthelmintic and antibiotic use in UK organic farming systems
Authors: Chylinski Caroline , Borthwick Mark , Michie David , Hathway Sarah , Athanasiadou Spiridoula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe use of anthelmintic and antibiotic medicines is imperative to prevent the suffering of diseased stock in organic farming. However, their use must be minimised to comply with low input ideals and prevent the spread of resistance. Reducing such inputs first requires determining their current use, but information is lacking. The objective of this study was to benchmark the current use of anthelmintics and antibiotics in UK organic livestock farming.MethodsData were gathered by conducting a national survey of organic livestock farmers in the UK and by analysing records of requests for allopathic medicines.ResultsKey findings include (i) anthelmintics used in sheep constitute the greatest input of veterinary medicines in organic systems, (ii) farmers are incorporating alternative/support tools in helminth control to reduce anthelmintic requirements, (iii) the use of antibiotics is targeting individual animals, whereas the use of anthelmintics is targeting groups of animals.ConclusionThis study provides the first benchmark on the use of anthelmintics and antibiotics in UK organic livestock.
Intranasal meningoencephalocele in a 1‐year‐old Staffordshire Bull Terrier with unilateral destructive rhinitis
Authors: Rapastella Sofia , Brash Robert , Covey Heather , Sharman Mellora 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old male neutered Staffordshire Bull Terrier presented for chronic sneezing, left‐sided rhinorrhea and epistaxis associated with previous nasal planum depigmentation and pruritus. Physical examination did not demonstrate bone asymmetry or depigmentation, but showed reduced airflow through the left nostril. No neurologic abnormalities were present. CT identified severe destruction of the left nasal turbinates and defect of the left cribriform plate, with protrusion of the left olfactory lobe into the caudal part of the nasal cavity. Rhinoscopy did not identify fungal plaques or foreign material, and nasal biopsies were consistent with lymphoplasmacytic destructive rhinitis. Tissue cultures were negative. Clinical signs completely resolved after 2 weeks of doxycycline treatment and did not recur. There was no development of neurologic abnormalities in the 12 months after diagnosis. This is the first case report of canine meningoencephalocele presenting with rhinitis‐associated signs without detectable neurologic abnormalities.
A Multi-functional Design Approach to Deal with New Urban Challenges
Authors: Pereira Guimarães M. , Dessì V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe chapter addresses the urban regeneration of an area starting from multi-step interventions in a small square. These interventions consider a multifaceted point of view which respects local ecological processes while ensuring that transit and other economic and social functions take place. This approach encompasses solutions that respond to city scale needs in terms of stormwater management and the local conditions of thermal comfort and livability at the neighborhood scale. The benefits of urban liveability are now well recognized internationally, and among them increased city attractiveness to avoid abandonment is at the table of several local governments. Municipalities worldwide have pushed for the development of new pedestrian spaces or the regeneration of existing ones to foster liveability through a strategy known as Tactical Urbanism. The paper focuses on the first square in the south part of Milan-Italy to receive such intervention. Beyond Tactical Urbanism, but starting from it, this proposal is a preliminary assessment that aims to evaluate permanent and structural interventions in a square that can also contribute to the environmental resilience of the city. Two different software were used to estimate the environmental benefits of the proposal. The software SWMM (US-EPA) was used to evaluate strategies that guarantee the hydraulic invariance of the intervention area. Second, RayMan Pro was used to assess the contribution of the proposed solution to the microclimate by comparing scenarios in terms of the UTCI index, taking as input local climatic data and data present in the literature.
Product design lifecycle information model (PDLIM)
Authors: Niu Xiaojing , Wang Meili , Qin Shengfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn response to rapidly changing market and customer needs, product design and development (PDD) is evolving into a human-centred and data-driven design paradigm. The design environment gets more open often involving crowdsourcing and the design process becomes more complex, considering product family design along product whole lifecycle development, and needing more data support. Therefore, it is critical to effectively capture, share, and manage design-related information in such a complex design environment. From this perspective, it is a prerequisite to have a proper product design lifecycle information model (PDLIM) to guide information gathering, sharing and management. To the best of our knowledge, currently, there lacks such a PDLIM to support effective PDD, though digital twin (DT) technology shows a great potential of supporting product lifecycle information collection and management. In this paper, the overall structure of the proposed PDLIM is firstly developed to frame in all main product lifecycle stages and the corresponding key phases for structurally capturing and storing necessary data along a product lifecycle. Secondly, key design information items against the main product lifecycle stages and their corresponding key phases are explored from literature reviews and case study analyses. Thirdly, the necessity of the identified information items in the PDLIM is qualitatively evaluated by two case studies. Finally, the PDLIM is further evaluated by applying formal object-role modelling (ORM) to demonstrate how design information items are used and interacted in exemplary design interaction scenarios, and to approve that it can be formally described and managed as an information model. The evaluation results show that the PDLIM is feasible to be adapted in a crowdsourcing-combined PDD process for supporting design management, reviewing, quality control, and next round product redesign and improvement.
Inter-observer agreement using the LI-RADS version 2018 CT treatment response algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Bartnik Krzysztof , Podgórska Joanna , Rosiak Grzegorz , Korzeniowski Krzysztof , Rowiński Olgierd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim
To determine inter-reader agreement in categorization of imaging features using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (LR-TR) algorithm in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE).

Methods
Two radiologists used the LR-TR algorithm to assess 112 computed tomography (CT) examinations of 102 patients treated with cTACE. The inter-observer agreement in categorization of LR-TR features was assessed using kappa (κ) statistics.

Results
There was substantial inter-observer agreement between the two reviewers using the LR-TR algorithm (κ = 0.70; 95% CI 0.58–0.81). The two reviewers categorized tumors as non-viable in 37 (33.0%) and 39 (34.8%) of 112 examinations, viable in 58 (51.8%) and 62 (55.4%) examinations, and equivocal in 18 (16.1%) and 11 (9.8%) examinations, respectively. There was almost perfect inter-observer agreement for the LR-TR non-viable category (κ = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.92), substantial agreement for the viable category (κ = 0.78 95% CI 0.67–0.90), and fair agreement for the equivocal category (κ = 0.25; 95% CI 0.02–0.49).

Conclusion
The LR-TR algorithm conveys high degrees of inter-observer agreement for the assessment of CT imaging features in the viable and non-viable categories. Further refinement of indeterminate features may be necessary to improve the correct categorization of equivocal lesions.

Graphic abstract