bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the origin of the mass–metallicity gradient relation in the local Universe
Authors: Sharda Piyush , Krumholz Mark R , Wisnioski Emily , Acharyya Ayan , Federrath Christoph , Forbes John C 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In addition to the well-known gas phase mass–metallicity relation (MZR), recent spatially resolved observations have shown that local galaxies also obey a mass–metallicity gradient relation (MZGR), whereby metallicity gradients can vary systematically with galaxy mass. In this work, we use our recently developed analytic model for metallicity distributions in galactic discs, which includes a wide range of physical processes – radial advection, metal diffusion, cosmological accretion, and metal-enriched outflows – to simultaneously analyse the MZR and MZGR. We show that the same physical principles govern the shape of both: centrally peaked metal production favours steeper gradients, and this steepening is diluted by the addition of metal-poor gas, which is supplied by inward advection for low-mass galaxies and by cosmological accretion for massive galaxies. The MZR and the MZGR both bend at galaxy stellar mass $\sim 10^{10}{-}10^{10.5}\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$, and we show that this feature corresponds to the transition of galaxies from the advection-dominated to the accretion-dominated regime. We also find that both the MZR and MZGR strongly suggest that low-mass galaxies preferentially lose metals entrained in their galactic winds. While this metal-enrichment of the galactic outflows is crucial for reproducing both the MZR and the MZGR at the low-mass end, we show that the flattening of gradients in massive galaxies is expected regardless of the nature of their winds.
Comparative nanometallomics as a new tool for nanosafety evaluation
Authors: Wang Liming , Zhao Jiating , Cui Liwei , Li Yu-Feng , Li Bai , Chen Chunying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanosafety evaluation is paramount since it is necessary not only for human health protection and environmental integrity but also as a cornerstone for industrial and regulatory bodies. The current nanometallomics did not cover non-metallic nanomaterials, which is an important part of nanomaterials. In this critical review, the concept of nanometallomics was expanded to incorporate all nanomaterials. The impacts on metal(loid) and metallo-biomolecular homeostasis by nanomaterials will be focused upon in nanometallomics study. Besides, the impacts on elemental and biomolecular homeostasis by metallo-nanomaterials are also considered as the research subjects of nanometallomics. Based on the new concept of nanometallomics, comparative nanometallomics was proposed as a new tool for nanosafety evaluation, which is high throughput and will be precise considering the nature of machine learning techniques. The perspectives of nanometallomics like metallo-wide association study and non-target nanometallomics were put forward.
Glutathione-coordinated metal complexes as substrates for cellular transporters
Authors: Pearson Stephen A , Cowan J A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Glutathione is the major thiol-containing species in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays a wide variety of roles, including detoxification of metals by sequestration, reduction, and efflux. ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal–glutathione complex. The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal–glutathione complexes appears to have evolved over time to become the ABCB7 transporter in mammals, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. No longer needed for the role of cellular detoxification, ABCB7 appears to be used to transport glutathione-coordinated iron–sulfur clusters from mitochondria to the cytosol.
RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s): genomics and biological functions
Authors: Lyu Kaixin , Chow Eugene Yui-Ching , Mou Xi , Chan Ting-Fung , Kwok Chun Kit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-classical DNA or RNA secondary structures that have been first observed decades ago. Over the years, these four-stranded structural motifs have been demonstrated to have significant regulatory roles in diverse biological processes, but challenges remain in detecting them globally and reliably. Compared to DNA G4s (dG4s), the study of RNA G4s (rG4s) has received less attention until recently. In this review, we will summarize the innovative high-throughput methods recently developed to detect rG4s on a transcriptome-wide scale, highlight the many novel and important functions of rG4 being discovered in vivo across the tree of life, and discuss the key biological questions to be addressed in the near future.
Blood pressure monitoring in kidney transplantation: a systematic review on hypertension and target organ damage
Authors: Pisano Anna , Mallamaci Francesca , D’Arrigo Graziella , Bolignano Davide , Wuerzner Gregoire , Ortiz Alberto , Burnier Michel , Kanaan Nada , Sarafidis Pantelis , Persu Alexandre , Ferro Charles J , Loutradis Charalampos , Boletis Ioannis N , London Gérard , Halimi Jean-Michel , Sautenet Bénédicte , Rossignol Patrick , Vogt Liffert , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Few studies show that ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) is superior to office BP (oBP) measurements to predict target organ damage and cardiovascular (CV) events in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We performed a systematic review aimed at determining the potential associations between BP recordings by different methods and renal and CV outcomes in this population.

Methods
Major medical databases were searched for studies enrolling adult KTRs undergoing 24-h ABPM compared with office or home BP measurements. The main outcomes were associations between different BP recordings and renal and CV outcomes. Additionally, any association between the circadian BP pattern (dipping/non-dipping status) and outcomes was assessed.

Results
Twenty-two studies (2078 participants) were reviewed. Among 12 studies collecting data on renal endpoints, 10 studies found that BP assessed by ABPM was a stronger predictor of renal function decline, assessed by serum creatinine and/or creatinine clearance or estimated glomerular filtration rate, than traditional office measurements. Twelve studies analysed the relation between different BP recordings and CV target organ damage and reported robust correlations between echocardiographic abnormalities (i.e. left ventricular mass index) and 24-h ABPM, but not with office BPs. Furthermore, 24-h ABPM correlated better than oBP with markers of vascular damage, such as carotid intima-media thickness, diffuse thickening and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, an abnormal circadian BP pattern (non-dippers and reverse dippers) identified a group of kidney recipients at risk for kidney function loss and CV abnormalities.

Conclusions
In our systematic review, ABPM reflected target organ damage more closely than oBP in KTRs. Furthermore, an altered circadian BP profile associated with renal and CV target organ damage.
Interaction of BTB-TAZ protein MdBT2 and DELLA protein MdRGL3a regulates nitrate-mediated plant growth
Authors: Ren Yi-Ran , Zhao Qiang , Yang Yu-Ying , Zhang Rui , Wang Xiao-Fei , Zhang Tian-En , You Chun-Xiang , Huo He-Qiang , Hao Yu-Jin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nitrate acts as a vital signal molecule in the modulation of plant growth and development. The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) is also involved in this process. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how nitrate and GA signaling pathway work together in regulating plant growth remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that a nitrate-responsive BTB/TAZ protein MdBT2 participates in regulating nitrate-induced plant growth in apple (Malus × domestica). Yeast two-hybridization, protein pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that MdBT2 interacts with a DELLA protein MdRGL3a, which is required for the ubiquitination and degradation of MdRGL3a proteins via a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MdBT2 partially rescued growth inhibition caused by overexpression of MdRGL3a in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings indicate that MdBT2 promotes nitrate-induced plant growth partially through reducing the abundance of the DELLA protein MdRGL3a.
ICD-11 Classification of Pediatric Chronic Pain Referrals in Ireland, with Secondary Analysis of Primary vs Secondary Pain Conditions
Authors: Matthews Eveline , Murray Geraldine , McCarthy Kevin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To classify pediatric chronic pain referrals in Ireland according to the classification system of the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). In addition, differences between primary and secondary pain groups were assessed.

Methods
Retrospective review of complex pain assessment forms completed at the time of initial attendance at pediatric chronic pain clinics in Dublin, Ireland. Patients were classified as having a chronic primary (CPP) or chronic secondary (CSP) pain condition as per ICD-11 classification. Secondary analysis of between-group and within-group differences between primary and secondary pain conditions was undertaken.

Results
Of 285 patients coded, 123 patients were designated as having a CPP condition (77% of whom were assigned an adjunct parent code) and 162 patients as having a CSP condition (61% of whom were assigned an adjunct parent code). Between-group comparisons found that the lowest reported pain scores were higher in CPP than in CSP conditions. There were stronger correlations between parental pain catastrophizing and pain intensity, school attendance, and pain interference with social activities in the CSP group than in the CPP group.

Conclusions
The majority of children with both CPP and CSP were assigned multiple parent codes. There appears to be a gradient in the differences in biopsychosocial profile between CPP and CSP conditions. Additional field testing of the ICD-11 classification in pediatric chronic pain will be required.
ASSESSMENT OF WHOLE BODY, SKIN AND EYE LENS DOSES OF THE INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS AT SELECTED HOSPITALS IN IRAN
Authors: Danaei Z , Pooya S M Hosseini , Gharehbagh E Jazayeri , Baradaran S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High radiation doses to the body may lead to the stochastic/deterministic effects of ionizing radiation on the critical organs as well as causing the cataract in eye lens of the clinical staff in interventional radiology. In this study, the received doses of the eyes, skin and whole body of 38 clinical staff including physicians, residents, nurses and radiotechnologists in cardiac angiography departments in three selected hospitals were assessed using personal dosemeters during two bimonthly dosimetry periods. Moreover, the correlation coefficients among the measured dose components including eye lens dose, skin dose and whole body dose equivalent in both area of under and over their lead-apron were calculated for all these occupational groups. The results show that the occupational annual dose values of the clinical staff are below the annual dose limits recommended by International Commission on Radiation Protection. Furthermore, among the measured dose components, the highest correlation coefficient value was obtained between the eye lens dose and personal dose equivalent measured over the lead apron for all the occupational groups.
Engaging Experts in Global Biotech Governance: What Influences their Judgement on Value-Laden Challenges?
Authors: Yu Hanzhi , Xu Jianhua , Xue Lan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperts play important roles in global biotech governance. In serving their roles, they are often selected based on their expertise rather than the representativeness of social diversity. However, current biotechnology development generates many value-laden issues. This led us to ask what may affect experts’ attitudes towards such issues, besides expertise. In this paper, we explored experts’ attitudes towards human genetic data governance—a value-laden global challenge. Thirty-two experts from 12 countries were interviewed regarding their attitudes towards the commercialization of, global sharing of, and personal privacy protection in acquiring and using human genetic data. By analysing the interview transcripts with thematic analysis, we found that experts differ in their attitudes, and organizational affiliation and national regulatory context influence their attitudes. The results call for rethinking the role of epistemic community and facilitating inclusive participation of experts from various socioeconomic backgrounds in addressing global challenges.
Antagonism beyond employment: how the ‘subordinated agency’ of labour platforms generates conflict in the remote gig economy
Authors: Wood Alex J , Lehdonvirta Vili 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates why gig economy workers who see themselves as self-employed freelancers also engage in collective action traditionally associated with regular employment. Using ethnographic evidence on the remote gig economy in North America, the UK and the Philippines, we argue that labour platforms increase the agency of workers to contract with clients and thus reduce the risk of false self-employment in terms of the worker–client relationship. However, in doing so, platforms create a new source of subordination to the platform itself. We term this phenomenon ‘subordinated agency’, and demonstrate that it entails a ‘structured antagonism’ with platforms that manifests in three areas: fees, competition and worker voice mechanisms. Subordinated agency creates worker desire for representation, greater voice and even unionization towards the platform, while preserving entrepreneurial attitudes towards clients.
Metabonomic approaches investigate diosbulbin B-induced pulmonary toxicity and elucidate its underling mechanism in male mice
Authors: Ji Hainan , Liu Chang , Tong Na , Song Naining , Xu Baoliang , Zhao Chan , Li Haishan , Shen Guolin , Li Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Air Potato Yam is widely used in the treatment of many conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and goiter. Diosbulbin B (DIOB) is the primary active component of Air Potato Yam, and it exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. The main purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which DIOB induces lung toxicity, using metabonomics and molecular biology techniques. The results showed that the lung toxicity induced by DIOB may occur because of a DIOB-induced increase in the plasma levels of long-chain free fatty acids and endogenous metabolites related to inflammation. In addition, treatment with DIOB increases the expression of the cyp3a13 enzyme, which leads to enhanced toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism underlying toxicity in mouse lung cells is the DIOB-mediated inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation, partial glycolysis, and the TCA cycle, but DIOB treatment can also compensate for the low Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply levels by improving the efficiency of the last step of the glycolysis reaction and by increasing the rate of anaerobic glycolysis. Using metabonomics and other methods, we identified the toxic effects of DIOB on the lung and clarified the underlying molecular mechanism.
Science of Learning Strategy Series: Article 2, Retrieval Practice
Authors: Van Hoof Thomas J. , Madan Christopher R. , Sumeracki Megan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Retrieval practice is an evidence-based, science of learning strategy that is relevant to the planning and implementation of continuing professional development (CPD). Retrieval practice requires one to examine long-term memory to work with priority information again in working memory. Retrieval practice improves learning in two ways. It improves memory for the information itself (direct benefit), and retrieval practice provides feedback about what needs additional effort (indirect). Both benefits contribute significantly to durable learning. Research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience provides the rationale for retrieval practice, and examples of its implementation in health professions education are increasingly available in the literature. Through appropriate utilization, CPD participants can benefit from retrieval practice by making more-informed educational choices, and CPD planners can benefit in efforts to improve educational activities.
Commitment to Change Statements and Actual Practice Change After a Continuing Medical Education Intervention
Authors: Arnold Rehring Sharisse M. , Steiner John F. , Reifler Liza M. , Glenn Karen A. , Daley Matthew F. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Continuing medical education (CME) interventions often evaluate participant commitment to change (CTC) clinical practice. Evidence linking CTC to actual practice change is limited.

Methods:
In an intervention that combined live CME with changes to the electronic health record to promote judicious antibiotic use for children with urinary tract infections (UTIs), we evaluated CTC and subsequent prescribing behavior in Kaiser Permanente Colorado, an integrated health care system. CTC was assessed immediately after the session using closed-ended questions about session learning objectives and open-ended questions to elicit specific practice changes. Perceived barriers to implementing recommended changes were also assessed.

Results:
Among 179 participants, 80 (45%) completed postsession evaluations and treated one or more child with a UTI in the subsequent 17 months (856 UTIs in total). In closed-ended responses about session learning objectives, 45 clinicians (56%) committed to changing practice for antibiotic choice and duration, whereas 37 (46%) committed to implementing new practice guidelines. When asked open-ended questions to identify specific practice changes, 32 (40%) committed to antibiotic choice change and 29 (36%) committed to treatment duration change. Participants who made specific CTC statements had greater improvement in antibiotic choice (relative rate ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.09) and duration (relative rate ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.41) than participants who did not make specific commitments. Few perceived barriers affected subsequent prescribing.

Discussion:
Commitments to changing specific clinical behaviors were associated with sustained changes in prescribing for children with UTIs. Linking self-evaluations with clinical data in integrated health care systems is an important tool for CME evaluators.
Reimagining Bias: Making Strange With Disclosure
Authors: Paton Morag , Soleas Eleftherios K. , Hodges Brian D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Academic presentations in health professions continuing professional development (CPD) often begin with a declaration of real or potential conflicts utilizing a three-slide template or a similar standardized display. These declarations are required in some constituencies. The three-slide template and similar protocols exist to assure learners that the content that follows has been screened, is notionally bias free, and without financial or other influence that might negatively affect health provider behavior. We suggest that there is a potential problem with this type of process that typically focusses in on a narrow definition of conflict of interest. There is the possibility that it does little to confront the issue that bias is a much larger concept and that many forms of bias beyond financial conflict of interest can have devastating effects on patient care and the health of communities. In this article, we hope to open a dialogue around this issue by “making the familiar strange,” by asking education organizers and providers to question these standard disclosures. We argue that other forms of bias, arising from the perspectives of the presenter, can also potentially change provider behavior. Implicit biases, for example, affect relationships with patients and can lead to negative health outcomes. We propose that CPD reimagine the process of disclosure of conflicts of interest. We seek to expand reflection on, and disclosure of, perspectives and biases that could affect CPD learners as one dimension of harnessing the power of education to decrease structural inequities.
Effect of DLT-SML on Chronic Stable Angina Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Correcting Dyslipidemia, and Regulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Yao , Li Lin , Zhai Jingbo , Yu Bin , Wang Hongbo , Yang Dongli , Wang Qilong , Chang Yanxu , Li Jinghao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Han , Li Yuhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Chronic stable angina (CSA) is caused by coronary atherosclerosis. The gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are associated with atherosclerosis. Danlou tablet (DLT) combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine (SML) injection has been used to treat CSA. This study aims to investigate how DLT combined with SML (DLT-SML) regulates serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, GM community, and microbial metabolite in patients with CSA. In this study, 30 patients with CSA were enrolled in the DLT-SML group, and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the healthy control group. The patients in the DLT-SML group were subdivided as the normal total cholesterol (TC) group and high-TC group according to their serum TC level before treatment. Blood samples were collected to investigate the (1) lipid content, including triglyceride (TG), TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (2) fasting blood glucose (Glu), (3) inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and (4) gut-derived metabolite, including lipopolysaccharides and TMAO level. GM composition was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA of fecal samples. Results showed that DLT-SML significantly decreased serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TMAO levels of patients with CSA. DLT-SML increased the abundance of Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria, which were significantly lower or higher in patients with CSA, respectively, compared with the healthy control group. In particular, DLT-SML increased the microbial diversity and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of patients with high-TC. The abundance of Sarcina, Anaerostipes, Streptococcus, Weissella, and Erysipelatoclostridium was decreased, whereas Romboutsia, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum were increased by DLT-SML treatment in patients with CSA. These findings indicated that DLT-SML improved patients with CSA by ameliorating dyslipidemia profile, decreasing the circulating inflammatory cytokines, and regulating the GM composition and their metabolites.