bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Alcoholic Beverages on Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sheikh Sumbla , Sturzu Alexander , Nägele Thomas , Ernemann Ulrike , Heckl Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Anecdotal reports from neurosurgeons have suggested that glioblastoma
patients that consumed moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages after glioblastoma surgery presented
with improved vitality.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate if any evidence for these anecdotal reports can be reproduced
experimentally. Furthermore, we studied the effects of different alcoholic beverages on glioblastoma
cells.

Methods:
GOS-3 glioblastoma cells and PC3 prostate carcinoma cells as control were incubated with
beer, red wine, white wine, vodka, and whiskey at different concentrations. Membrane disruption by
acute cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction was evaluated via Annexin-V-FITC flow cytometry and
confocal laser scanning microscopy. Long-term effects on cell proliferation were studied by the XTT
test.

Results:
There was no increased membrane disruption even at physiologically high alcohol concentrations
of 1%. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by vodka and beer. Among the wines,
the white wine caused slight proliferation inhibition in GOS-3 glioblastoma cells while inducing
slightly enhanced proliferation in PC3 prostate cancer cells. After these first results, the study was
expanded to more different brands of vodka and additional white and red wines from different
grapes. While confirming the initial results, no additional differences between the different brands of
vodka were observed. In the wine investigations, all the wines showed inhibition of cell proliferation
during long-term incubation of three different glioblastoma cell lines. Consistently, the inhibition
from red wines was lower than the inhibition from white and rosé wines.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, alcoholic beverages at concentrations used during the normal ingestion
have both cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on glioblastoma cells in vitro which could not be
found in the controls with pure ethanol.
Functional Characteristics Improvement of Edible Film through Addition of Gambier and Bay Leaf Extract
Authors: Santoso Budi , Dwiyanti Reni , Wijaya Agus , Priyanto Gatot , Hermanto  , Syaiful Friska 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In this study, the composition of the functional edible film focused on local
materials was examined. However, the production of the edible film with strong capability as an
antioxidant and antimicrobe has not been successful. Therefore, the incorporation of one or more
functional compounds such as gambier and bay leaf extract into canna starch is a possible solution.

Objective:
These compounds work in synergy to improve the functional characteristics of edible
film. Furthermore, the film should have mechanical characteristics which satisfy the Japanese
Industrial Standard (JIS) (1975), i.e. strong category.

Methods:
This study examined the effects of gambier and bay leaf extract addition on edible film
characteristics, by implementing a completely randomized design method. The two factors examined
were gambier (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 percent, w/v) and bay leaf extract (0.0, 3.0 and 6.0 percent, w/v)
addition.

Results:
The parameters observed include mechanical (thickness, elongation percentage, water vapor
transmission rate) and functional characteristics (antioxidant and antibacterial activity). The results
showed that thickness, elongation percentage and water vapor transmission rate of the functional
edible film were 0.18-0.27 mm, 7.33-9.00% and 30.43-46.07 g.m-2.d-1, respectively. While antioxidant
and antibacterial activities (value of inhibition diameter) were 23.24-40.58 mg.mL-1 and 1.33-
1.83 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
The edible film produced in this study had a strong category of antioxidant activity with
a thickness that satisfied the JIS 1975 standard.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the M2 Macrophages and Exhausted T
Cells and Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Lingyun , Li Chen 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and invasive malignancy
that is characterized by high recurrence and mortality rates as well as extremely poor prognosis.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze T cells and Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment
with the aim of identifying targets with therapeutic potential.

Method:
Single-cell sequencing data of TNBC patients from the GSE118389 dataset were analyzed to examine
the immune environment and intratumoral heterogeneity of TNBC patients.

Result:
Polarized alternatively activated macrophages (M2) and exhausted CD8+ T cells were identified in
TNBC patients. Immunosuppressive checkpoint analysis revealed that levels of lymphocyte-activation gene 3
(LAG3) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) of exhausted T cells were
significantly higher than levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated
protein 4 (CTLA-4). This indicates that these markers are potential immunotherapy targets. Furthermore,
analysis of significantly altered immune cell markers showed that several markers were associated with
the prognosis of TNBC.

Conclusion:
Overall, these findings demonstrate inter-tissue heterogeneity of TNBC, and provides novel therapeutic
targets for the treatment of TNBC.
Erxian Decoction, a Famous Chinese Medicine Formula, Ameliorate Depression-
Like Behavior in Perimenopausal Mice
Authors: Zhang Lan , Li Junlong , Chen Qian , Di Lei , Li Ning 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
The present study was performed in order to find out the anti-depression effect of
Erxian Decoction in perimenopausal mice.

Background:
Erxian Decoction (EXD) has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of perimenopausal
syndrome, but it has not been researched on perimenopausal depression.

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of extraction of Erxian Decoction on perimenopausal
depressive mice.

Methods:
In this study, female ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Low, medium and
high dose of EXD groups (0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg), soy isoflavones group (250 mg/kg) and Sham
group. The mice in the Sham group received sham surgery (within ovaries), and the others were excised
with bilateral ovaries and exerted by 28-day chronic mild unpredictable stimulation for the
establishment of a perimenopausal depression model.

Results:
Behavioral tests showed that EXD could relieve depression symptoms and improve spatial
memory in mice. Western blotting showed that EXD significantly up-regulated the expression
of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Bcl-2 in hippocampus and estrogen receptors
(ERs) in the uterus and adrenals, protecting hippocampal tissue and antagonizing the symptoms of
estrogen deficiency in mice, which was further proved within a uterine morphology test. In addition,
EXD reduced the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and interleukin-
6.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that EXD can regulate hormone secretion and recover hippocampal
damage in perimenopausal depressed mice. Besides, it can antagonize the symptoms of
ovarian hormone deficiency as well as relieve perimenopausal syndrome.
Depression Discovery in Covid-19 Communities Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kalra Vaishali , Sharma Sourabh , Yadav Saloni 
Published: June 2021

:
Seemingly, in the contemporary era, data is the new currency. Facing the exponential
explosion of data through its various online sources, there arises a need for the industry to tap into
this source. The art of ascribing sentiment to a piece of text is Sentiment Analysis making it relevant
to a wide array of fields. The world has witnessed assortments of a wide family of coronaviruses,
229E and NL63 being the alpha coronaviruses and OC43 & HKU1 being the beta coronaviruses. A
version of coronavirus MERS-CoV seemed to be identified in Saudi Arabia. This work focuses on
The Deep Neural Network and Natural Language processing to detect depression in COVID-19 patients,
and the model is trained with the depression labeled tagged dataset with an accuracy of 98%.
The foundation of this work shall be instrumental in aiding the doctors for the timely diagnosis and
treatment of their patients.
Dynamic Evaluation Model of the Default Risk of Online Loan Borrowers
Based on K-means and SVM
Authors: Huang Jian-Qiong , Guo Wen-Long , Lee Chou-Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
With the development of Internet finance, the scale of peer-to-peer (P2P)
online lending platforms have rapidly expanded. Additionally, the phenomenon of losses among
online lending platforms and the problem of default by borrowers have emerged, greatly restricting
the healthy development of online lending platforms. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically set
the credit rating of the borrowers according to the performance of the borrowers, and establish a
default risk evaluation model for the borrowers of the online lending platform to promote the
healthy development of the online lending platform.

Method:
This paper uses web crawler technology to obtain borrower information as the sample
data, selects 17 core variables as explanatory variables, and utilizes project status as the target
variable. First, according to the performance of the borrower, we use K-means to cluster, obtain a
dynamic credit rating by calculation and reset the rating to obtain new borrower information.
Second, we determine the optimal parameters of the support vector machine algorithm through
cross-validation and establish the best evaluation model for online loan borrowers' default risk.
Finally, we conduct experimental verification.

Results:
The classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm is better than that of decision trees
and random forest, and the classification effect is the strongest.

Conclusion:
The experimental results show that the model has good stability and generalizability,
and the research results provide dynamic decision support for early warnings of online lending
platform risk and risk prevention and control; they can thus help promote the healthy development
of online lending platforms.
An Evaluation Service for Digital Public Health Interventions: User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Karpathakis Kassandra , Libow Gene , Potts Henry W W , Dixon Simon , Greaves Felix , Murray Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Background
Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to improve public health by combining effective interventions and population reach. However, what biomedical researchers and digital developers consider an effective intervention differs, thereby creating an ongoing challenge to integrating their respective approaches when evaluating DHIs.

Objective
This study aims to report on the Public Health England (PHE) initiative set out to operationalize an evaluation framework that combines biomedical and digital approaches and demonstrates the impact, cost-effectiveness, and benefit of DHIs on public health.

Methods
We comprised a multidisciplinary project team including service designers, academics, and public health professionals and used user-centered design methods, such as qualitative research, engagement with end users and stakeholders, and iterative learning. The iterative approach enabled the team to sequentially define the problem, understand user needs, identify opportunity areas, develop concepts, test prototypes, and plan service implementation. Stakeholders, senior leaders from PHE, and a working group critiqued the outputs.

Results
We identified 26 themes and 82 user needs from semistructured interviews (N=15), expressed as 46 Jobs To Be Done, which were then validated across the journey of evaluation design for a DHI. We identified seven essential concepts for evaluating DHIs: evaluation thinking, evaluation canvas, contract assistant, testing toolkit, development history, data hub, and publish health outcomes. Of these, three concepts were prioritized for further testing and development, and subsequently refined into the proposed PHE Evaluation Service for public health DHIs. Testing with PHE’s Couch-to-5K app digital team confirmed the viability, desirability, and feasibility of both the evaluation approach and the Evaluation Service.

Conclusions
An iterative, user-centered design approach enabled PHE to combine the strengths of academic and biomedical disciplines with the expertise of nonacademic and digital developers for evaluating DHIs. Design-led methodologies can add value to public health settings. The subsequent service, now known as Evaluating Digital Health Products, is currently in use by health bodies in the United Kingdom and is available to others for tackling the problem of evaluating DHIs pragmatically and responsively.
A Sociodemographic Profile of Mask Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak Among Young and Elderly Individuals in Brazil: Online Survey Study
Authors: Vancini Rodrigo L , Camargo-Neto Luiz , Andrade Marilia S , de Lira Claudio A , dos Santos Rafaela G , Nikolaidis Pantelis T , Knechtle Beat , Piacezzi Luiz HV , Teixeira-Lopes Maria CB , Assayag-Batista Ruth E , Pinto-Okuno Meiry F , Vancini-Campanharo Cássia R 
Published: June 2021

Background
Sociodemographic variables may impact decision making regarding safety measures. The use and selection of adequate face masks is a safety and health measure that could help minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection.

Objective
This study aims to examine sociodemographic variables and factors relating to COVID-19 that could impact decision making or the choice to use or not use face masks in the prevention and care of a possible COVID-19 infection among a large sample of younger and older Brazilian people.

Methods
An online survey composed of 14 closed-ended questions about sociodemographic variables and COVID-19 was used. A total of 2673 participants consisted of Brazilian people (aged ≥18 years) from different states of Brazil and were grouped according to age (≤59 years and ≥60 years). To compare the variables of interest (associated with wearing a face mask or not), chi-square and likelihood ratio tests were used (with P<.05 being significant).

Results
Most of the participants in both groups were women from the southeast region who had postgraduate degrees. Approximately 61% (1452/2378) of individuals aged ≤59 years and 67.8% (200/295) of those aged ≥60 years were not health professionals. In the group aged ≤59 years, 83.4% (1983/2378) did not show COVID-19 signs and symptoms, and 97.3% (2314/2378) were not diagnosed with COVID-19. In the older adult group, 92.5% (273/295) did not show signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and 98.3% (290/295) were not diagnosed with the disease. The majority of the participants in both groups reported using face masks, and their decision to use face masks was influenced by the level of education and their occupation as a health professional.

Conclusions
Younger and older adults have worn face masks during the COVID-19 outbreak. It is difficult to measure how much of a positive impact this attitude, habit, and behavior could have on the degree of infection and spread of the disease. However, it can be a positive indicator of adherence to the population’s security and safety measures during the pandemic.
Potential relationship of internal control, internal audit and risk management in company – the case study of Vingroup in Vietnam
Authors: Hanh Hoang Thanh , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc 
Published: June 2021

There is interaction and relationship among internal control activities, internal audit and risk management in the firm, we conduct this study to address these functions in a case study of Vingroup in real estate industry in Vietnam , esp. We would like to mention potential relationship between these activities in companies and in this specific case. Authors mainly use experience and advice from experts, together with quantitative methods (statistics, calculation formulas) and qualitative methods including synthesis, inductive and explanatory methods. Our study results show that. And because CPI, G has negative relation with ROE while Rf has positive relation with ROE, macro policies can help to control inflation and GDP growth not increasing much to be in favor of ROE of Vingroup and toward benefits for managing risk. Finally, through analysis and synthesis, we will give suggestions for better internal control mechanism, internal audit and risk management functions in companies as well as in a specific case of Vingroup.
Characterization of bioactive substances MHGF-68 on tumour cell lines with LiveFlow In Vitro Technology
Authors: Hodoši R. , Nováková E. , Macková K. , Molitorisová M. , Šupolíková M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As part of experimental research, growth factor-like substances associated with MHV-68, named MHGF-68, were discovered in our laboratory. MHGF-68 activity was manifested by the ability to alter cell morphology, that is, normal phenotype to transformed, resp. suppresses the transformed phenotype of tumour cells. The aim of the experiments was to monitor the effect of MHGF-68 on the change of the cell actin cytoskeleton in the tumour cell line Hepa1c1c7, as well as the normal cell line NIH3T3, and compare conventional stationary cultivation and dynamic cultivation conditions using a LiveFlow system (In Vitro Technologies). LiveFlow is an advanced system to test the impact of different compounds on the cell cultures, which allows simulation of in vivo conditions thanks to continuous flow of cultivation medium. MHGF-68 was prepared with the infection of BHK-21 cells with MHV-68 virus under non-permissive conditions (41°C). After dynamic cultivation with MHGF-68, we observed changes in morphology on Hepa1c1c7 cells. In cells cultured in a dynamic environment, we observed more pronounced changes in cell morphology in comparison with cells cultured statically. We observed no changes in the cytoskeletal structures in the NIH 3T3 cell line affected by MHGF-68 in both types of cultivation. The advantage of LiveFlow in comparison to in vivo testing is that the experiments performed in this system are less time and money consuming. Dynamic cultivation in the LiveFlow system is suitable for optimizing experiments before testing substances in vivo.
Decision Analysis of the COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Ozsahin Dilber Uzun , Gelisen Mehmet Ilker , Taiwo Mustapha , Agachan Yasemin , Rahi Dorrin , Uzun Berna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The entire globe is struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic since March 11, 2020. There is still a large number of infected patients and death, and there is no proven treatment for the infection yet. This has led to the race in vaccine development to protect people from COVID-19 infection. As of February 3, 2021, there were 289 experimental COVID -19 vaccines in development, 66 of which were in clinical trials with different phases, and 20 of them were in phase 3.
This study aims to evaluate 15 important vaccines based on criteria such as the dose number, dosing schedule, storage advantages, efficacy, and side effect. In this evaluation, we use the fuzzy PROMETHEE approach, which is an important Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The importance level of the criteria is determined based on expert opinion. The result shows that the EpiVacCorona vaccine is the most effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 infections based on the selected criteria and the importance level of each criterion.
The result obtained may change based on individual or expert’s priorities. Due to the use of different criteria for the ranking and different weightings of the criteria, the ranking result may differ. This study also shows the strengths and weaknesses of the selected vaccines and the applicability of the MCDM technique for the evaluation of COVID -19 vaccines.
Views, experiences and attitudes of community-living older people towards the FIT-at-Home fall prevention programme: A qualitative interview study / Sichtweisen, Erfahrungswerte und Einstellungen von sturzgefährdeten Menschen im höheren Lebensalter zum FIT-at-Home-Sturzpräventionsprogramm: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie
Authors: Müller Christian , Lautenschläger Sindy , Dörge Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
For older people, poor balance and strength as well as environmental hazards are a major risk factor for falls. A lifestyle-integrated home-based physical exercise training and home modification intervention were developed for older people at risk of falling.

Aim
This study aimed to examine older people's perceptions of the FIT-at-Home fall prevention intervention in order to further develop the intervention's content, procedures and mode of delivery.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals who participated in the falls prevention programme using the problem-centred interview method. The interviews were analysed in a deductive-inductive approach following Mayring's qualitative content analysis.

Results
Seven themes emerging from the data described different facets of older people's perceptions towards the intervention. Findings suggested that the participants accepted the FIT-at-Home intervention. Overall, the individuals regard the intervention as feasible and practicable. From the older people's view, it was an advantage that the exercises could be implemented at any time without additional aids or equipment in-house and it was not necessary to visit the occupational therapy practice. Older people's experiences showed that feelings of success have a positive effect on the willingness to exercise. A perceived barrier influencing the implementation of exercises among older people was their own laziness, their general state of health and illnesses, their daily mood or meteor sensitivity.

Conclusion
The FIT-at-Home intervention comprising balance and strength exercises and home modification is feasible and acceptable for community-living older people. Older people's feedback will help us to further refine the intervention.
Statutory, effective, and optimal net tax schedules in Lithuania
Authors: Cerniauskas Nerijus , Jousten Alain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We estimate effective and optimal net income tax schedules and compare them to the estimated statutory rates for the case of Lithuania for the period 2014–2015. Values of effective net tax rates are estimated from the survey of EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions; the statutory net tax rates are estimated with the European tax-benefit simulator EUROMOD, whereas optimal net taxes are calculated via Saez (2002) methodology. We find that the three net tax schedules are similar for employees in the middle of the income distribution. At the bottom of the income distribution, optimal net tax schedules suggest higher in-work benefits. The net tax schedules diverge substantially for the self-employed. At the top of the income distribution, where the majority of self-employed are concentrated, the self-employed are required to pay 15 cents less net taxes per Euro than employees—and they effectively pay 29 cents less.