bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scenario of Dengue-like Illness in Paediatric Population of Southern Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M Luthfor , Rashid AKM Mamunur , Debnath Mithun , Islam Tasnuva 
Published: July 2021

Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases affecting humans. Dengue infections can result in a broad spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Although adults do experience shock, vascular leakage is generally more severe in young children, and in endemic areas, DSS is seen primarily in the pediatric population. The detailed clinical and laboratory profile is crucial for the diagnosis and the successful management of the patients. This study aims to observe the clinical features and laboratory results for the better understanding of patient management to reduce child death in case of dengue fever. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the dengue ward of Khulna Medical College Hospital; 167 suspected dengue patients were enrolled in our research during the period from 7th August to 8th November 2019. Patients attending the emergency department and pediatric outpatient department with complaints of fever and features of dengue with positive NS1 antigen test and/or positive dengue specific antibody IgM or IgG or both were included in this study. Diagnosis of dengue was made on the basis of compatible clinical features and NS1 antigen positivity and/or detection of IgM and IgG antibodies. Patients were classified according to WHO 2012 protocol, and data was analyzed. One hundred sixty patients (95.8%) were diagnosed as having dengue illness, and the rest 7(4.2%) as fever other than dengue. Among the dengue illness, dengue fever (DF) 87(52.1%), DF with warning signs 51(30.5%), DHF 19(11.4%), and DSS 3(1.8%).The most common sign-symptoms of dengue was fever(100.0%),vomiting(52.1%),abdominal pain(38.3%), headache(23.4%),skin rash(13.25%), melena (7.8%), abdominal tenderness(28.7%),palpable liver (24.6%),and palpable spleen(3.0%). NS1 antigen was found positive in 88.6% cases, negative 3.0%, and NS1 antigen test not done 8.4% cases due to time constrain. Anti-dengue antibody IgM positive in 10(6.0%),IgG positive 7(4.2%),both IgM & IgG positive 7(4.2%),both IgM & IgG negative 57(34.1%) and antibody test not done in 86(51.5%) cases due to time constrain. Anti-dengue antibody not done in 86(51.5%) cases; among them most of the cases (98.8%) are found NS1 positive and 1.2% NS1 test negative(P<0.001) in our study which is statistically significant.
Observation of clinical and laboratory parameters is helpful for dengue classification and management to reduce child death.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 86-96
Optimum Iron Provision Potentiate the Cognitive Functions in Children-A Review Article
Authors: Uddin Md Belal , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Jahan Khan Ishrat , Tarafder Manirul Haque , Islam Md Razikul 
Published: July 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those related to iodine and iron, are linked to different cognitive impairments, as well as to potential long-term behavioral changes. Among the cognitive impairments caused by iron deficiency, those referring to attention span, intelligence, and sensory perception functions are mainly cited, as well as those associated with emotions and behavior, often directly related to the presence of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, iron deficiency without anemia may cause cognitive disturbances. At present, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is 2%–6% among European children. Given the importance of iron deficiency relative to proper cognitive development and the alterations that can persist through adulthood as a result of this deficiency, the objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about this health problem. The relevance of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia, the distinction between the cognitive consequences of iron deficiency and those affecting specifically cognitive development, and the debate about the utility of iron supplements are the most relevant and controversial topics. Despite there being methodological differences among studies, there is some evidence that iron supplementation improves cognitive functions. Nevertheless, this must be confirmed through adequate follow-up studies among different groups.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 115-122
Prevalence and Predictors of Additional Ablation Beyond Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Xie Xin , Yang Gang , Li Xiaorong , Yu Jinbo , Zhang Fengxiang , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Li Mingfang , Gu Kai , Cheng Dian , Wang Xuecheng , Wu Yizhang , Zhou Jian , Zhou Xiaoqian , Zhang Baowei , Kojodjojo Pipin , Cao Kejiang , Yang Bing , Chen Minglong 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective strategy in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Yet, there are limited data on additional ablation beyond PVI. In this study, we sought to assess the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of additional ablation in PAF patients.Methods: A total of 537 consecutive patients with PAF were retrospectively evaluated for the index procedure. PVI was successfully conducted in all patients, after which electrophysiological study and drug provocation were performed, and additional ablations were delivered for concomitant arrhythmias, non-PV triggers, and low voltage zone (LVZ). The prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of additional ablation were analyzed.Results: Among 537 consecutive patients, 372 addition ablations were performed in 241 (44.88%) patients, including 252 (67.74%) concomitant arrhythmias in 198 (36.87%) patients, 56 (15.05%) non-PV triggers in 52 (9.68%) patients and 64 (17.20%) LVZ modification in 47 (8.75%) patients. Lower LVEF (OR = 0.937, p = 0.015), AF episode before procedure (OR = 2.990, p = 0.001), AF episode during procedure (OR = 1.998, p = 0.002) and AF episode induced after PVI (OR = 15.958, p &lt; 0.001) were independent predictors of additional ablation. Single-procedure free from atrial arrhythmias at 58.36 ± 7.12 months post-ablation was 70.48%.Conclusions: Additional ablations were common in patients with PAF for index procedure. Lower LVEF and AF episodes before, during the procedure, and induced after PVI predicts additional ablation.
Biologic and Abiotic Factors Regulate Dissolved Organic Nitrogen With Low and High Nutrient Concentrations on Tibetan Plateau, Respectively
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Sun Jian , Zhou Tiancai , Zhao Mengli , Cong Nan , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2021

Although dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) plays an important role in the dynamic processes of nitrogen mineralization, fixation, and leaching, the ecological driving forces of DON across the Tibetan Plateau remain largely unknown. Here, we measured climate, soil, plant indicators, and DON concentration on the Tibetan Plateau, and used “change-point” analysis to determine DON patterns. Then correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between DON and each index. Finally, the structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to explain the overall effect between DON and environmental factors. Our results showed that two DON patterns were presented across the Tibetan Plateau, that is, low-DON (5.43 g/mg) and high-DON (16.36 g/mg) patterns. In the low-DON pattern, biologic factors such as microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen, and productivity were the main influencing factors of DON concentration. In the high-DON pattern, DON was strongly governed by hydrothermal synchronization and superior soil environment. This study can help us to have a more comprehensive understanding of the response mechanism of soil soluble nitrogen pool in alpine ecosystems under climate change.
The Genetic Contribution to Drug Response in Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ortolan Augusta , Cozzi Giacomo , Lorenzin Mariagrazia , Galozzi Paola , Doria Andrea , Ramonda Roberta 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are a group of diseases with a high heritability, whose pathogenesis is strongly determined by an interplay between genetic and environmental factor. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine whether genetic variants could also influence response to therapy in SpA.Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science core collection, without publication-year restrictions (Last search 8th April 2021). The search strategy was formulated according to the PEO format (Population, Exposure, Outcome) for observational studies. The population was adult (≥18 years) patients with SpA. The exposure was inheritable genetic variations of any gene involved in the disease pathogenesis/drug metabolism. The outcome was response to the drug, both as dichotomous (response yes/no) and as continuous outcomes. Exclusion criteria were: (1) languages other than English, (2) case series, case reports, editorials, and reviews, (3) studies reporting genetic contribution to drug response only limited to extra-musculoskeletal features of SpA, (4) epigenetic modifications. Quality of the included study was independently assessed by two authors.Results: After deduplication, 393 references were screened by two authors, which led to the final inclusion of 26 articles, pertinent with the research question, that were considered for qualitative synthesis. Among these, 10 cohort, one cross-sectional, and five case-control studies were considered of at least good quality according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). In studies about TNF-blockers therapy: (1) polymorphisms of the TNF receptor superfamily 1A/1B (TNFRSF1A/1B) genes were most frequently able to predict response, (2) −238 and −308 polymorphisms of TNFα gene were studied with conflicting results, (3) TNFα polymorphism rs1799724, rs1799964, −857, −1,013, +489 predicted drug response in non-adjusted analysis, (4) PDE3A rs3794271 had a linear relationship with DAS28 reduction after anti-TNFα therapy. DHFR polymorphism +35,289 was able to predict response to methotrexate.Conclusions: Our SLR highlighted the existence of a genetic component in determining drug response. However, further studies are warranted to better define quantify it.
Expression of MICA in Zero Hour Biopsies Predicts Graft Survival After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Resch Thomas , Hackl Hubert , Esser Hannah , Günther Julia , Schwelberger Hubert , Ritschl Paul Viktor , Ebner Susanne , Maglione Manuel , Mellitzer Vanessa , Biebl Matthias , Öllinger Robert , Zoller Heinz , Schneeberger Stefan , Kotsch Katja 
Published: July 2021

In search for novel biomarkers to assess graft quality, we investigated whether defined candidate genes are predictive for outcome after liver transplantation (LT).Zero-hour liver biopsies were obtained from 88 livers. Gene expression of selected candidate markers was analyzed and correlated with clinical parameters as well as short and long-term outcomes post LT. Whereas both, the calculated Eurotransplant Donor-Risk-Index and the donor body mass index, had either a poor or no predictive value concerning serum levels indicative for liver function (ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin) after 6 months, chronological donor age was weakly predictive for serum bilirubin (AUC=0.67). In contrast, the major histcompatibility complex class I related chain A (MICA) mRNA expression demonstrated a high predictive value for serum liver function parameters revealing an inverse correlation (e.g. for ALT: 3 months p=0.0332; 6 months p=0.007, 12 months 0.0256, 24 months p=0.0098, 36 months, p=0.0153) and proved significant also in a multivariate regression model. Importantly, high expression of MICA mRNA revealed to be associated with prolonged graft survival (p=0.024; log rank test) after 10 years of observation, whereas low expression was associated with the occurrence of death in patients with transplant related mortality (p=0.031). Given the observed correlation with short and long-term graft function, we suggest MICA as a biomarker for pre-transplant graft evaluation.
Clinical Features of HIV Arthropathy in Children: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Harrison Michael J. , Brice Nicola , Scott Christiaan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHIV infection has been associated with a non-erosive inflammatory arthritis in children, although few published reports exist. This study describes the clinical, laboratory and imaging features of this noncommunicable disease in a series of HIV-infected children in South Africa.MethodsA database search was conducted to identify HIV-infected children enrolled in a Paediatric Rheumatology service in Cape Town, South Africa between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. Retrospective data were collected from individuals classified with HIV arthropathy, based on a predefined checklist. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, sonographic, therapeutic, and outcomes data were extracted by chart review. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using R (v4.0.3).ResultsEleven cases of HIV arthropathy were included in the analysis. Cases predominantly presented in older boys with low CD4+ counts. Median age at arthritis onset was 10.3 years (IQR 6.9 – 11.6) and the male-female ratio was 3.0. The median absolute CD4+ count was 389 cells/uL (IQR 322 – 449). The clinical presentation was variable, with both oligoarthritis and polyarthritis being common. Elevated acute phase reactants were the most consistent laboratory feature, with a median ESR of 126 mL/h (IQR 67 – 136) and median CRP of 36 mg/L (IQR 25 – 68). Ultrasonography demonstrated joint effusions and synovial hypertrophy. Response to therapy was slower than has generally been described in adults, with almost all cases requiring more than one immunosuppressive agent. Five children were discharged in established remission after discontinuing immunotherapy, however outcomes data were incomplete for the remaining six cases.ConclusionsIn this case series, HIV arthropathy was associated with advanced immunosuppression. Therapeutic modalities included immunomodulators and antiretroviral therapy, which consistently induced disease remission although data were limited by a high rate of attrition. Prospective studies are needed to define and understand this HIV-associated noncommunicable disease.
Altered Spontaneous Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease With Subthalamic Microlesion
Authors: Luo Bei , Lu Yue , Qiu Chang , Dong Wenwen , Xue Chen , Zhang Li , Liu Weiguo , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTransient improvement in motor symptoms are immediately observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) after an electrode has been implanted into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for deep brain stimulation (DBS). This phenomenon is known as the microlesion effect (MLE). However, the underlying mechanisms of MLE is poorly understood.PurposeWe utilized resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to evaluate changes in spontaneous brain activity and networks in PD patients during the microlesion period after DBS.MethodOverall, 37 PD patients and 13 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Rs-MRI information was collected from PD patients three days before DBS and one day after DBS, whereas the HCs group was scanned once. We utilized the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method in order to analyze differences in spontaneous whole-brain activity among all subjects. Furthermore, functional connectivity (FC) was applied to investigate connections between other brain regions and brain areas with significantly different ALFF before and after surgery in PD patients.ResultRelative to the PD-Pre-DBS group, the PD-Post-DBS group had higher ALFF in the right putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus and lower ALFF in right angular gyrus, right precuneus, right posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), left insula, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), bilateral middle frontal gyrus and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (dorsolateral). Functional connectivity analysis revealed that these brain regions with significantly different ALFF scores demonstrated abnormal FC, largely in the temporal, prefrontal cortices and default mode network (DMN).ConclusionThe subthalamic microlesion caused by DBS in PD was found to not only improve the activity of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, but also reduce the activity of the DMN and executive control network (ECN) related brain regions. Results from this study provide new insights into the mechanism of MLE.
Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Prevents Secondary Hyperalgesia Induced by Topical Capsaicin in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Gevers-Montoro Carlos , Provencher Benjamin , Northon Stéphane , Stedile-Lovatel João Paulo , Ortega de Mues Arantxa , Piché Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Spinal manipulation (SM) is currently recommended for the management of back pain. Experimental studies indicate that the hypoalgesic mechanisms of SM may rely on inhibition of segmental processes related to temporal summation of pain and, possibly, on central sensitization, although this remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether experimental back pain, secondary hyperalgesia, and pain-related brain activity induced by capsaicin are decreased by segmental SM.Methods: Seventy-three healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups: SM at T5 vertebral level (segmental), SM at T9 vertebral level (heterosegmental), placebo intervention at T5 vertebral level, or no intervention. Topical capsaicin was applied to the area of T5 vertebra for 40 min. After 20 min, the interventions were administered. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed outside the area of capsaicin application at 0 and 40 min to examine secondary hyperalgesia. Capsaicin pain intensity and unpleasantness were reported every 4 min. Frontal high-gamma oscillations were also measured with electroencephalography.Results: Pain ratings and brain activity were not significantly different between groups over time (p &gt; 0.5). However, PPTs were significantly decreased in the placebo and control groups (p &lt; 0.01), indicative of secondary hyperalgesia, while no hyperalgesia was observed for groups receiving SM (p = 1.0). This effect was independent of expectations and greater than placebo for segmental (p &lt; 0.01) but not heterosegmental SM (p = 1.0).Conclusions: These results indicate that segmental SM can prevent secondary hyperalgesia, independently of expectations. This has implications for the management of back pain, particularly when central sensitization is involved.
Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits in Northern Israel During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Pikkel Igal Yael , Meretyk Irit , Darawshe Aziz , Hayek Samer , Givon Limor , Levy Avi , Sipori Idan , Nuriel Yonatan , Bloch Boaz , Buniak Shraga , Eshel Ron , Fruchter Eyal 
Published: July 2021

Background: During the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), mandatory quarantines increased social isolation and anxiety, with inevitable consequences on mental health and health seeking behavior. We wished to estimate those trends.Methods: We examined all psychiatric visits to the emergency department (ED) during March, April 2020, compared to identical months in 2018, 2019. We evaluated both number and nature of referrals.Results: Throughout the years, psychiatric referrals comprised about 5% of the total number of ED visits. In March-April 2020, 30% decreases were observed in overall ED visits and in psychiatric referrals in the ED. Compared to 2018–2019, in 2020, the proportions of these diagnoses were higher: anxiety disorders (14.5 vs. 5.4%, p &lt; 0.001), personality disorders (6.7 vs. 3.2%, p = 0.001), psychosis (9.5 vs. 6.7%, p = 0.049), post-traumatic stress disorder (3.2 vs. 1.5%, p = 0.023). Compared to 2018–2019, in 2020, proportions were lower for adjustment disorder (5.8 vs. 8.9%, p = 0.036) and for consultation regarding observation (11.7 vs. 31.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Differences were not observed between 2018-2019 and 2020 in the proportions of other diagnoses including suicide and self-harm disorders. Referrals concerning suicide and self-harm in a rural hospital and community clinic were 30% lower in the COVID-19 lockdown than in the same months in 2018, 2019.Conclusion: Psychiatric ED visits decreased by the same proportion as overall visits to the ED, apparently driven by fears of COVID-19. Referrals relating suicidality and self-harm shown nominal decrease, but their proportioned share remained constant. Increased anxiety and delayed care may eventually lead to increased mental health needs.
РОЛЬ СКВОЗНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙ
Authors: OSITIS A.P. , EFIMUSHKIN V.A. 
Published: July 2021

The potential possibilities and areas of application of end-to-end digital technologies (EDT) in telecommunications are considered. The federal project “Digital Technologies” includes roadmaps of activities for eleven EDTs, among which EDT 5G directly focused on the development of telecommunications. It is shown that, although other EDTs and their sub-technologies are not explicitly related to telecommunications, nevertheless the impact of the achievements in the field of these EDTs on the development of communications can hardly be overestimated.
Рассматриваются потенциальные возможности и области применения сквозных цифровых технологий (СЦТ) в телекоммуникациях. Федеральный проект «Цифровые технологии» включает дорожные карты мероприятий по одиннадцати СЦТ, среди которых СЦТ 5G напрямую ориентирована на развитие телекоммуникаций. Показано, что, хотя другие СЦТ и их субтехнологии в явном виде не связаны с телекоммуникациями, влияние достижений в области этих СЦТ на развитие связи трудно переоценить.
MODEL OF THREATS TO INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK RESOURCES AS A KEY ASSET OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: САЕНКО И.Б. , ЛАУТА О.С. , КАРПОВ М.А. , КРИБЕЛЬ А.М. 
Published: July 2021

Проведен анализ наиболее крупных классификационных моделей компьютерных атак. Предложена классификация, в основу которой положены основные тенденции реализации атак на практике. Новый подход к классификации компьютерных атак на критически важные объекты инфраструктуры учитывает десять компонентов цикла угрозы: от комплексного изучения объекта воздействия до реализации атаки.
The analysis of the largest classification models of computer attacks is carried out. It is proposed the classification, which formed on the basis of the main trends in the implementation of attacks in practice. A new approach to the classification of computer attacks on critical infrastructure objects takes into account ten components of the threat cycle: from a comprehensive study of an object of influence to the implementation of an attack.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF LINE-CABLE STRUCTURES OF TRANSPORT MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION
Authors: АНДРЕЕВ В.А. , БУРДИН В.А. , ДАШКОВ М.В. , ПОПОВ В.Б. 
Published: July 2021

Анализируется опыт технической эксплуатации линейно-кабельных сооружений (ЛКС) транспортной многоканальной коммуникации (ТМК). Показано, что действующие сегодня в России нормативно-технические акты применять к технологии ЛКС ТМК нельзя; требуется разработать новый документ - «Руководство по проведению планово-профилактических и аварийно-восстановительных работ на линейно-кабельных сооружениях транспортной многоканальной коммуникации».
The experience of technical operation of line-cable structures of transport multichannel communication is analyzed. It is shown that in Russia it is impossible to apply the current guidance documents to the technology linear-cable structures of transport-multichannel communication. It is necessary to develop a new guidance document “Guidelines for implementation of scheduled preventive and emergency recovery works at line-cable structures of transport multichannel communications”.