bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock wave structure of multi-temperature Grad 10-moment equations for a binary gas mixture
Authors: Bisi M. , Groppi M. , Macaluso A. , Martalò G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A multi-temperature formal hydrodynamic limit of kinetic equations, based on Grad-type approximation of the distribution functions, is employed for the analysis of the steady shock problem in a binary mixture. The presence of a singular barrier and its effects on the occurrence of either smooth profiles or of weak solutions with a discontinuity is investigated for varying Mach number. Some numerical simulations of mixtures of two noble gases are presented and commented on, with reference also to analogous phenomena in different model descriptions.
Double band inversion in the topological phase transition of Ge1-x Snx alloys
Authors: Tan Rui , Yang Qirui , Chen Ruiyuan , Qiao Yu , Tan Shouqiao , Cao Yanqiang , Wang Peng , Chiang Tai-Chang , Wang Xiaoxiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We use first-principles simulation and alchemical mixing approximation to reveal the unique double band inversion and topological phase transition in Ge

Sn

alloys. Wave function parity, spatial charge distribution and surface state spectrum analyses suggest that the band inversion in Ge

Sn

is relayed by its first valence band. As the system evolves from Ge to

-Sn, its conduction band moves down, and inverts with the first and the second valence bands consecutively. The first band inversion makes the system nontrivial, while the second one does not change the topological invariant of the system. Both of the band inversions yield surface modes spanning the individual inverted gaps, but only the surface mode in the upper gap associates with the nontrivial nature of tensile-strained

-Sn.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nonequilibrium steady states in quantum dots
Authors: Schering P. , Uhrig G. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The optically induced polarization of localized electron spins in an ensemble of quantum dots (QDs) dephases due to the interaction with the surrounding nuclear spins. Despite this dephasing, the spins in the QDs can be controlled to respond coherently by applying periodic laser pulses, leading to a revival of the spin polarization before each pulse. This effect, known as spin mode locking, strongly depends on an emerging selection of certain polarizations of the nuclear spin bath which is driven to a steady state far from equilibrium. We investigate the influence of the nuclear composition in In
x
Ga

As QDs on this nonequilibrium behavior and demonstrate that nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) appear as very sharp minima in the magnetic field dependence of the revival amplitude. This suggests a novel kind of NMR spectroscopy.
Marseille Exposed
Authors: Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the representation of surveillance in Claude McKay’s Romance in Marseille and the influence of surveillance on the novel’s aesthetics. It uses McKay’s 1929 novel Banjo as a prior representation of Marseille that establishes the historical constraints under which characters in Romance navigate the social world of Quayside, the city’s international working-class quarter. The article argues that McKay depicts an important moment in which state and corporate actors create networks of transnational surveillance that aim at securing an advantageous global distribution of labor for capital. McKay’s novel examines the mechanisms through which surveillance controls the mobility of racialized and gendered bodies, and depicts the strategies of resistance that such characters deploy more and less successfully against these often-violent mechanisms.
Claude McKay’s Bad Nationalists
Authors: Cole Rich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines Claude McKay’s 1928 journey to Africa under colonial occupation and uncovers how these true events partly inspired his late work of expatriate fiction, Romance in Marseille. By bringing together migration studies with literary history, the article challenges and expands existing research that suggests that McKay’s writings register the impulse for a nomadic wandering away from oppressive forms of identity control set up in the wake of World War I. The article contends that Claude McKay’s renegade cast of “bad nationalist” characters registers a generative tension between the imperial national forms the author encountered in North Africa and the Black nationalist vision of Marcus Garvey’s Back-to-Africa campaign. Reading the dialectics of bad nationalisms and Black internationalisms, the article explores how the utopian promise for Black liberation by returning back to Africa, central to the New Negro project of Black advancement, frequently becomes entangled in McKay’s transnational stowaway fiction with conflicting calls for reparations, liabilities, and shipping damages.
Mooring Aslima
Authors: Cheema Zainab 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Claude McKay’s Romance in Marseille, the entanglement of Spain and Morocco emerges through the diasporic figure of Aslima, the Moroccan sex worker. This essay examines McKay’s Maurophilia, which he circuitously refers to as “Afro-Orientalism” in his various writings. Maurophilia not only foregrounds Aslima’s associations with Spain and Morocco but also highlights McKay’s engagement with transhistorical Mediterranean diasporas, including the intra-African slave trade and Iberian Moriscos and conversos settling in North Africa following the Reconquista. This essay argues that while Aslima’s associations with Moorish-Iberian performance styles influence McKay’s modernist poetics and radical aspirations for a global pandiasporic Black alliance, Romance in Marseille ultimately forecloses the prospect of a pan-Mediterranean, Black Atlantic globalism because of contradictions of gender and religion.
Lyric Commodification in McKay’s Morocco
Authors: Hobbs David B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reassessing Claude McKay’s writing about North Africa, this article contends that McKay saw sites in this region as uniquely felicitous to staging conversations between global socialism and the Black diasporic avant-garde. His attention to site-specific interracial urban cultures serves as a counterpoint to the Depression-fueled Pan-Africanism that increasingly defined W. E. B. Du Bois’s editorials for the Crisis. At the same time, McKay’s persistent interest in the activities of the Liberator suggests a surprising resonance between their aesthetics to his locodescriptive verse. Bringing these strands together, the article finds that McKay did not seek a synesthetic resolution to the question of organizing an urban community or an integrationist racial future but, rather, sought to highlight the importance of dissensus despite global uncertainty. The article considers McKay’s formal poetics and fiction together, comparing his visual tactics with the French and British Colonial Expositions’ “panoramas.”
Afropessimism, Liminal Hotspots, and Claude McKay’s Aesthetic of Sovereign Rejection in Romance in Marseille
Authors: Collins Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article considers Claude McKay’s Romance in Marseille through two emerging fields of study: “Afropessimism” and anthropological theories of the “liminal hotspot.” It suggests that McKay’s novel functions as a critique of positive Harlem Renaissance images of diasporic movement by highlighting how racial “Blackness” functions as a system for rejecting people of color from the benefits of modernity and sovereign rights-bearing status in an expanded temporal and spatial frame. To explore this hypothesis, the article turns to new anthropological work on the liminal hotspot as a site of sustained, unresolved transition, reading the affectivity of diaspora as a negative one in McKay’s work that places an unsustainable pressure on ritual and performative stylizations and renders them untenable as forms for cultivating a sovereign condition.
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce adverse outcomes among older adults following emergency department discharge: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Conneely Mairéad , Robinson Katie , Leahy Siobhán , Trépel Dominic , Jordan Fionnuala , Galvin Rose 
Published: April 2021

Background: Older adults are frequent users of Emergency departments (ED) and this trend will continue due to population ageing and the associated increase in healthcare needs. Older adults are vulnerable to adverse outcomes following ED discharge. A number of heterogeneous interventions have been developed and implemented to improve clinical outcomes among this cohort. A growing number of systematic reviews have synthesised evidence regarding ED interventions using varying methodologies. This overview aims to synthesise the totality of evidence in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce adverse outcomes in older adults discharged from the ED. Methods: To identify relevant reviews, the following databases will be searched: Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Databases of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, PubMed, MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, Ageline, Embase, PEDro, Scopus, CINAHL and the PROSPERO register. The search for grey literature will include Open Grey and Grey Literature Reports. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials will be analysed to assess the effect of ED interventions on clinical and process outcomes in older adults. Methodological quality of the reviews will be assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. The review will be reported in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Summary of findings will include a hierarchical rank of interventions based on estimates of effects and the quality of evidence. Discussion: This overview is required given the number of systematic reviews published regarding the effectiveness of various ED interventions for older adults at risk of adverse outcomes following discharge from the ED. There is a need to examine the totality of evidence using rigorous analytic techniques to inform best care and potentially develop a hierarchy of treatment options. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020145315 (28/04/2020)
A PRESENÇA DA AUSÊNCIA DA GOMEIA EM DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Authors: Dos Santos Adriana Batalha 
Published: April 2021

As décadas que separam a Gomeia, construída por Pai João e sua comunidade de terreiro, da Gomeia que conheci, através da pesquisa, legaram para aquele espaço uma progressiva ruína, além da dispersão material e simbólica da herança de seu glorioso passado. Neste artigo desenvolvo um esforço de olhar para o que sobrou da Gomeia no bairro de Copacabana em diálogo com memórias coletivas locais e identificar presenças que a habitam, mantendo-a viva.
Da caverna à internet: evolução e desafios da liberdade de expressão
Authors: Barroso Luís Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Desde o início dos tempos, a liberdade de expressão sempre foi o tormento dos donos do poder: do poder político, do poder econômico e do poder religioso. Uma conquista obtida lenta e paulatinamente no curso da história, que só começa a se afirmar, efetivamente, com as revoluções liberais. Desde a Independência, todas as Constituições brasileiras, a começar pela de 1824, asseguraram a liberdade de expressão. Desafortunadamente, sempre houve larga distância entre intenção e gesto, num dramático desencontro entre o discurso oficial e o comportamento dos governos. Uma das marcas do regime militar foi o longo período de censura à liberdade de expressão em suas diferentes modalidades, aí incluídas a liberdade de imprensa e de criação artística. Não por outra razão, o texto constitucional de 1988 foi verdadeiramente obsessivo ao tratar da matéria, o que fez em uma pluralidade de dispositivos. Em lugar de assegurar a liberdade de expressão genericamente, vedando a censura e outras intervenções estatais, a Constituição dedicou diversas normas específicas ao tema. Há algumas questões contemporâneas que dividem divide corações e mentes.
Electrooxidation of simulated wastewater containing pharmaceutical amoxicillin on thermally prepared IrO2/Ti
Authors: Appia Thiery Auguste Foffié , Ouattara Lassiné 
Published: April 2021

<p>The electrooxidation of amoxicillin (AMX) on the iridium oxide electrode thermally prepared (400°C) has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. Physical characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the IrO<sub>2</sub> electrode has a rough surface with pores' presence. In cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of AMX occurs directly at the anode's surface or via the higher degree oxide of iridium oxide (IrO<sub>3</sub>). It is noted that the oxidation process of AMX can be controlled by diffusion combined with the phenomenon of adsorption. In preparative electrolysis, the effect of several parameters has been investigated. These are the current density, the support medium, the initial pH. The findings obtained show a weak degradation of amoxicillin. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction rate is less than 11% under our experimental conditions, indicating that the IrO2 electrode leads to the parent compound's conversion. Also, the degradation of the organic compound is favored in a very acidic medium.<strong></strong></p><p>Furthermore, the effect of inorganic ions such as SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup> was evaluated. Investigations show that these ions' effects are diverse, with COD reduction rates ranging from 2.47%; 2.68%; 7.7%; 16.41%, and 71.65%, respectively, in the absence and the presence of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>- </sup>ions. SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> have virtually no effect on enhancing the degradation of amoxicillin. PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> ions provide a slight improvement in amoxicillin degradation. As for nitrate ions, their influence is 2.31 times that of phosphate ions. Chloride ions improve the performance of the electrooxidation of amoxicillin on IrO2 very significantly. The presence of chloride ions makes it possible to go from 2928.35 (absence of inorganic ions) to 33.19 kWh per Kg of COD. This represents an energy gain of over 98%.</p>
321  W high-efficiency continuous-wave green laser produced by single-pass frequency doubling of narrow-linewidth fiber laser
Authors: Su Mengqi , You Yang , Quan Zhao , Shen Hui , Li Qiurui , Liu Wansheng , Qi Yunfeng , Zhou Jun 
Published: April 2021

In this study, a high-power continuous-wave green laser for copper processing is investigated. The laser is produced by single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a narrow-linewidth fiber laser. Based on Sellmeier equations, the factors (e.g., fundamental wave linewidth, temperature, and angle) that decide LBO noncritical phase matching are theoretically analyzed for optimizing the SHG setup. A narrow-linewidth polarization-maintained fiber laser is used as the fundamental laser with a linewidth of 20 GHz and polarization extinction ratio of greater than 15 dB. Type I noncritical phase-matching LBO is used as the nonlinear crystal in the SHG. A green laser (up to 321 W) is obtained from a 784 W fundamental laser with a conversion efficiency of 40.9%. The green laser is near-diffraction-limited and has a

M

2

factor of 1.07.
Differences in factors associated with anemia in Haitian children from urban and rural areas
Authors: Palacios Ana M. , Freeland-Graves Jeanne H. , Dulience Sherlie Jean-Louis , Delnatus Jacques Raymond , Iannotti Lora L. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundIn Haiti, differences in the prevalence of anemia between urban and rural areas have been observed.ObjectiveTo identify moderating factors that may help explain the difference in the prevalence of anemia in children from poor urbanvs. rural areas of Haiti.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used secondary data from urban and rural school-based trials that assessed the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02747524. A total of 300 rural- and 981 urban- children between 2.5–13 years of age were included in this analysis. Effect modification in a binary logistic generalized linear mixed model was conducted using sample weights in SPSS®version 26. Models were adjusted for age and income. School cluster was included as random effect.ResultsIn rural areas, stunting was more prevalent in children with anemiavs. no anemia, (16.6%, and 6.3%, P = 0.008), respectively. Also, rural children with anemia lived with fewer adultsvs. rural children with no anemia, (x¯= 2.83±1.29, and 3.30±1.54, P = 0.005), respectively. In poor urban areas, helminth morbidities were more frequent in children with anemiavs. no anemia, (21.9% vs. 13.9, P = 0.011), respectively. In the combined sample, stunting, [AOR = 2.05; 95%CI (1.32–3.18)], age [AOR = 0.89; 95%CI (0.85–0.93)], and households with more adults [AOR = 0.77; 95%CI (0.67–0.87)] were associated with anemia. Effect modification by place of residence was observed in households with more adults (t = 3.83, P<0.001). No other nutritional, dietary, sanitation or morbidity factors or effect modifiers were observed.ConclusionsIn this sample, factors associated with anemia differed in poor urban and rural children from Haiti including family structure and helminth morbidities. Stunting and lower age increased the odds of anemia in the combined sample. Family structure appears to have an important role in anemia, and further research understanding the influence of family structures in anemia is needed.
Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency and perinatal outcomes in southern India
Authors: Finkelstein Julia L. , Fothergill Amy , Krisher Jesse T. , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura V. , Dwarkanath Pratibha 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundVitamin B12deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. Few prospective studies have investigated vitamin B12status early in pregnancy, and its links to infant vitamin B12status, particularly in India where the burden of vitamin B12deficiency is estimated to be the highest globally. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of maternal vitamin B12biomarkers with neonatal vitamin B12status.MethodsPregnant women (~12 weeks’ gestation) were enrolled in a perinatal cohort study in Bangalore, India. Total vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), and homocysteine concentrations were evaluated in maternal samples at enrollment and in neonates at birth using cord blood. Linear and binomial regression models were used to evaluate the associations of maternal vitamin B12biomarkers with neonatal vitamin B12status and perinatal outcomes.ResultsA total of 63.2% of women had vitamin B12deficiency (<148 pmol/L), 87.2% had vitamin B12insufficiency (<221 pmol/L), and 47.3% had impaired vitamin B12status (vitamin B12<148 pmol/L and MMA>0.26μmol/L) at enrollment; 40.8% of neonates had vitamin B12deficiency, 65.6% were insufficiency, and 38.1% had impaired vitamin B12status at birth. Higher maternal vitamin B12concentrations at enrollment were associated with increased neonatal vitamin B12concentrations (β(SE): 0.40 (0.05); p<0.0001) and lower risk of neonatal vitamin B12deficiency (Risk Ratio [RR]: 0.53; 95% CI: [0.43, 0.65]; p<0.0001). Maternal vitamin B12deficiency (RR: 1.97 [1.43, 2.71]; p<0.001), insufficiency (RR: 2.18 [1.23, 3.85]; p = 0.007), and impaired vitamin B12status (RR: 1.49 [1.13, 1.97]; p = 0.005) predicted a two-fold increase in the risk of neonatal vitamin B12deficiency at birth.ConclusionsThe prevalence of vitamin B12deficiency was high early in pregnancy and predicted neonatal vitamin B12status. Future research is needed to determine the role of vitamin B12in the development of pregnancy and infant outcomes, and to inform screening and interventions to improve maternal and child health.
Prevalence and factors which influence early antenatal booking among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: An analysis of data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey
Authors: Moshi Fabiola V. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Early initiation of the antenatal clinic is vital as it allows early detection, management, and prevention of problems that may occur during pregnancy time. The analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and factors which influence early antenatal booking among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.

Method
The study used data from the 2015–16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (2015–16 TDHS-MIS). A total of 6924 women of active reproductive age from 15 to 49 were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictors of early antenatal booking.

Results
Only 1586 (22.9%) of pregnant women had early antenatal booking. After adjusted for the confounders, factors which influenced early antenatal booking were age of a woman [20 to 34 years, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.554 at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.213–1.993, and more than 34 years, AOR = 1.758 at 95% CI = 1.306–2.368]; wealth status [rich, AOR = 1.520 at 95% CI = 1.282–1.802]; education level [higher education, AOR = 2.355 at 95% CI = 1.36–4.079]; parity [Para 2 to 3, AOR = 0.85 at 95% CI = 0.727–0.994 and Para 5+, AOR = 0.577 at 95%CI = 0.465–0.715]; zones [Unguja, AOR = 0.433 at 95% CI = 0.284–0.658 and Pemba, AOR = 0.392 at 95% CI = 0.236–0.649].

Conclusion
Early antenatal booking in Tanzania is extremely low. Women who were more likely to initiate antenatal visits within the first 12 weeks are those from well-off families, those with higher education, primiparity women, and those from Tanzania mainland urban. The innovative interventional study is highly recommended to come up with an effective strategy to improve timing for antenatal booking.
Normative values of the vibration perception thresholds at finger pulps and metatarsal heads in healthy adults
Authors: Ekman Linnéa , Lindholm Eero , Brogren Elisabeth , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: April 2021

Aims
To establish normative values of vibration perception thresholds (VPTs), using multi-frequency vibrometry at finger pulps and at metatarsal heads of the foot in healthy adults. We also aimed to investigate factors that could potentially affect VPTs such as age, sex, height, weight, foot- or handedness and skin temperature.

Methods
VPTs were examined in 924 healthy and randomly selected subjects in the southern Sweden (mean 46 years; 628 women and 296 men). Inclusion criterias were adult subjects (>18 years) in considerable health without diabetes mellitus or other nerve affecting disorders. VPTs were measured at the finger pulps of index and little finger, as well as the first and fifth metatarsal heads of the foot, through multi-frequency vibrometry using the VibroSense Meter® I device. Patient characteristics were recorded and skin temperature was measured before assessment of VPTs.

Results
We present normative values of VPTs for a large population of both male and female subjects in various ages. VPTs detoriated as age increased (0.09–0.59 dB per year; p<0.001), i.e. progressing with normal aging. Increasing skin temperature affected VPTs in finger pulps, but not at metatarsal heads, with -0.2 to -1.6 dB, i.e. vibration perception improved with higher temperatures. Height was only found to affect the VPTs of metatarsal heads (250 Hz: 0.42 dB per cm). Sex, weight and handedness did not affect the VPTs.

Conclusion
We investigated the normative values of VPTs and presented affecting factors as age, skin temperature and height. With these results, VPT testing through multi-frequency vibrometry is enabled to be used in a clinical practice as a diagnostic tool when investigating neuropathy and other neurological disorders.