bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faculty Perspectives on Using High School Data in an Era of Placement Testing Reform
Authors: Ngo Federick , Velasquez David , Melguizo Tatiana 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Community colleges across the country are making dramatic shifts away from traditional reliance on placement testing for developmental education and toward using high school measures to assess college-readiness. Yet the views of faculty dealing with these changes, including their perspectives on the quality and usefulness of high school data, are not well-understood. We explore faculty views of high school transcript and placement testing data, attributions made with the data, and beliefs about the extent to which these data are useful for instruction. Methods: We conducted a survey and semi-structured interviews with math faculty in one community college math department ( n = 21). We used real high school records to develop a Personalized Student Profile of student math backgrounds to engage faculty in sensemaking about high school and placement testing data. Results: Faculty did not appear to readily trust high school data, tending only to do so when it fit their existing understandings of student ability as measured by placement tests. Although faculty described opportunities to use the data to inform instruction, they noted the challenges of actually doing so. Conclusions: The findings reveal significant faculty concerns about high school measures and point toward shifts in faculty attitudes and beliefs that may need to be addressed in order for reforms that upend traditional approaches to remediation and instruction to be successful. We discuss critical future research directions for this new paradigm of developmental education in community colleges.
Size and composition of family networks of decedents: A nationwide register-based study
Authors: Kristensen Marie S , Thygesen Lau C , Tay Djin L , Kumar Raj , Grønvold Mogens , Aldridge Melissa , Ornstein Katherine A 
Published: April 2021

Background: Seriously ill individuals rely heavily on family caregivers at the end of life. Yet many do not have family support. Aim: To characterize the size and composition of decedents’ family networks by cause of death, demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Design: A cross-sectional population-level study with data collected from nation-wide registers. Setting/participants: All adults in Denmark born between 1935 and 1998 who died of natural causes between 2009 and 2016 were linked at the time of death to living adult spouses/partners, children, siblings, parents, and grandchildren. Results: Among 175,755 decedents (median age: 68 years, range: 18–81 years), 61% had a partner at the time of death and 78% had at least one adult child. Ten percent of decedents had no identified living adult family members. Decedents with family had a median of five relatives. Males were more likely to have a spouse/partner (65%) than females (56%). While 93% of decedents dying of cancer had adult family, only 70% of individuals dying of dementia had adult family at the time of death. The majority of cancer decedents co-resided or lived within 30 km of family (88%), compared to only 65% of those dying from psychiatric illness. Conclusions: While the majority of adults had an extensive family network at the time of death, a substantial proportion of decedents had no family, suggesting the need for non-family based long-term service and support systems. Assessment of family networks can expand our understanding of the end-of-life caregiving process and inform palliative care delivery.
Association between the omentin-1 gene rs2274907 A>T polymorphism and colorectal cancer in the Chinese Han population: a case-control study
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Zhao Xiaotong , Li Yongxiang , Wang Youmin , Chen Mingwei 
Published: April 2021

Objective To explore the relationship between the omentin-1 gene rs2274907 A>T polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Chinese Han population. Methods rs2274907 A>T was assessed by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Plasma omentin-1 expression from 358 patients with CRC and 286 healthy controls was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CRC and control groups were divided into subgroups according to the body mass index (BMI) threshold of 25 kg/m2. Results No significant differences were observed between CRC and control groups in terms of genotype or allele frequencies of rs2274907 A>T. Compared with individuals with BMI <25 kg/m2 and the rs2274907 TT genotype, those with AA+AT genotypes and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had a 3.027-fold increased risk of CRC. A significant tendency toward a higher stage of colorectal adenocarcinomas and depth of invasion was observed in individuals with the rs2274907 AA genotype compared with other genotypes. Conclusions The omentin-1 gene rs2274907 A>T polymorphism does not seem to play a critical role in the development of CRC in the Chinese Han population, but an interaction between the rs2274907 A allele and BMI may increase the CRC risk. The rs2274907 AA genotype is a potential biomarker for CRC stage progression.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With COVID-19: An International Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Raasveld Senta Jorinde , Delnoij Thijs S. R. , Broman Lars M. , Lansink-Hartgring Annemieke Oude , Hermans Greet , De Troy Erwin , Taccone Fabio S. , Diaz Manuel Quintana , der Velde Franciska van , Miranda Dinis Dos Reis , Scholten Erik ,   ETALON Study Group, Vlaar Alexander P. J. 
Published: April 2021

Background: To report and compare the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients on ECMO. Methods: We performed an international retrospective study of COVID-19 patients on ECMO from 13 intensive care units from March 1 to April 30, 2020. Demographic data, ECMO characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was to assess the complication rate and 28-day mortality; the secondary outcome was to compare patient and ECMO characteristics between COVID-19 patients on ECMO and non-COVID-19 related ARDS patients on ECMO (non-COVID-19; January 1, 2018 until July 31, 2019). Results: During the study period 71 COVID-19 patients received ECMO, mostly veno-venous, for a median duration of 13 days (IQR 7-20). ECMO was initiated at 5 days (IQR 3-10) following invasive mechanical ventilation. Median PaO2/FiO2 ratio prior to initiation of ECMO was similar in COVID-19 patients (58 mmHg [IQR 46-76]) and non-COVID-19 patients (53 mmHg [IQR 44-66]), the latter consisting of 48 patients. 28-day mortality was 37% in COVID-19 patients and 27% in non-COVID-19 patients. However, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that after a 100-day follow-up this non-significant difference resolves. Non-surviving COVID-19 patients were more acidotic prior to initiation ECMO, had a shorter ECMO run and fewer received muscle paralysis compared to survivors. Conclusions: No significant differences in outcomes were found between COVID-19 patients on ECMO and non-COVID-19 ARDS patients on ECMO. This suggests that ECMO could be considered as a supportive therapy in case of refractory respiratory failure in COVID-19.
Visfatin facilitates gastric cancer malignancy by targeting snai1 via the NF-κB signaling
Authors: Cao D , Chu L , Xu Z , Gong J , Deng R , Wang B , Zhou S 
Published: April 2021

Background: Visfatin acts as an oncogenic factor in numerous tumors through a variety of cellular processes. Visfatin has been revealed to promote cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer (GC). Snai1 is a well-known regulator of EMT process in cancers. However, the relationship between visfatin and snai1 in GC remains unclear. The current study aimed to explore the role of visfatin in GC. Methods: The RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to measure RNA and protein levels, respectively. The cell migration and invasion were tested by Trans-well assays and western blot analysis. Results: Visfatin showed upregulation in GC cells. Additionally, Visfatin with increasing concentration facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by increasing E-cadherin and reducing N-cadherin and Vimentin protein levels in GC cells. Moreover, endogenous overexpression and knockdown of visfatin promoted and inhibited migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells, respectively. Then, we found that snai1 protein level was positively regulated by visfatin in GC cells. In addition, visfatin activated the NF-κB signaling to modulate snai1 protein expression. Furthermore, the silencing of snai1 counteracted the promotive impact of visfatin on cell migration, invasion and EMT process in GC. Conclusion: Visfatin facilitates cell migration, invasion and EMT process by targeting snai1 via the NF-κB signaling, which provides a potential insight for the treatment of GC.
Intergenerational Solidarity and Being Primary Caregiver for Older Parents in Chinese American Families: Findings From PIETY Study
Authors: Xu Ling , Liu Jinyu , Mao Weiyu , Guo Man , Chi Iris , Dong Xinqi 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Guided by the intergenerational solidarity theory, this study examined how different dimension of intergenerational solidarity of adult children associated with their choice of being a primary caregiver for aging parents in the Chinese American families. Methodology: Secondary data from PIETY study were used. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationships between each dimension of intergenerational solidarity and the likelihood of being a primary caregiver to mother or father. Results: Associational solidarity (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.31, for father, OR = 1.27, for mother), normative solidarity ( OR = 1.06, for both father and mother), and structural solidarity ( OR = 0.95, for father, OR = 0.64, for mother) were significant associates of high chances of being primary caregivers for older parents. Discussion: Results from this study confirmed the importance of cultural construct of solidarity in caregiving choice. Practice implications for health care professionals, in particular the nurses were discussed.
Do Migrants Receive Tuberculosis Education in China? Evidence From the China Migrants Dynamic Survey
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Guo Mengdi , Dong Tingyue , Gong Beibei , Zhao Xia , Hu Yan 
Published: April 2021

Background Migrants are the key population for tuberculosis (TB) transmission in China. However, it remains unknown how many migrants have received TB education and through what means. Objectives To identify the rate and methods of TB education among migrants in China by using nationally representative data. Method This study used secondary data analysis. The data were derived from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2014–2017. A total sample of 745,926 migrants was included in the following analysis. Information on TB education was collected through a self-report questionnaire. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to explore the relationship between the independent variables and the receipt of TB education. Results Only 30.4% ( n = 226,458) received TB education. Among all age-groups, participants between 65 and 69 years old had the highest TB education rate (33.4%). Bulletin boards (86.5%–91%), media (73% to 86.7%), and books/magazines (59.2%–67.4%) were the most common ways for migrants to receive TB education. Conclusions Our study showed the rates of TB education in each region of China and indicated the significant disparity among the seven regions. Traditional media, off-line medical consultation, community advocacy, and bulletin boards should be the primary methods of delivering TB education. TB education campaigns targeting migrants with a low socioeconomic status should be actively promoted.
Protection Motivation During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Family Health, Media, and Economic Influences
Authors: Hanson Carl L. , Crandall Ali , Barnes Michael D. , Novilla M. Lelinneth 
Published: April 2021

Background Protection motivation to practice preventive behaviors is necessary for sustained mitigation during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, limited research exists on the ecological sources of influence for COVID-19 protection motivation. Aim To explore sources of influence (family health, media consumption, and loss of work hours) on COVID-19 protection motivation. Method An online quantitative survey of U.S. adults ( N = 501) aged 18 years or older was administered using Qualtrics with participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Data were collected on constructs related to the protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior as well as sources of influence and intention to socially distance and socially isolate during COVID-19. Constructs were further defined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Structural equation modeling was used to determine relationships between constructs. Results A two-factor model was identified with threat appraisal as one factor and subjective norms appraisal, coping appraisal, and behavioral intention loading as another factor. Higher news media consumption and loss of work hours due to COVID-19 were both significant predictors of increased threat appraisal. Family healthy lifestyle and family health resources were significantly related to increases in the subjective norms, coping appraisal, and behavioral intention appraisal factor. Conclusions Family health, news media consumption, and loss of work hours are associated with COVID-19 protection motivation. COVID-19 protection motivation might be enhanced through policies and messaging that can affect ecological sources of influence.
Very Early Exercise Rehabilitation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Promotes Inflammation in the Brain
Authors: Tamakoshi Keigo , Maeda Madoka , Nakamura Shinnosuke , Murohashi Nae 
Published: April 2021

Background Very early exercise has been reported to exacerbate motor dysfunction; however, its mechanism is largely unknown. Objective This study examined the effect of very early exercise on motor recovery and associated brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Collagenase solution was injected into the left striatum to induce ICH. Rats were randomly assigned to receive placebo surgery without exercise (SHAM) or ICH without (ICH) or with very early exercise within 24 hours of surgery (ICH+VET). We observed sensorimotor behaviors before surgery, and after surgery preexercise and postexercise. Postexercise brain tissue was collected 27 hours after surgery to investigate the hematoma area, brain edema, and Il1b, Tgfb1, and Igf1 mRNA levels in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. NeuN, PSD95, and GFAP protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Results We observed significantly increased skillful sensorimotor impairment in the horizontal ladder test and significantly higher Il1b mRNA levels in the striatum of the ICH+VET group compared with the ICH group. NeuN protein expression was significantly reduced in both brain regions of the ICH+VET group compared with the SHAM group. Conclusion Our results suggest that very early exercise may be associated with an exacerbation of motor dysfunction because of increased neuronal death and region-specific changes in inflammatory factors. These results indicate that implementing exercise within 24 hours after ICH should be performed with caution.
Semi-automated cerebral aneurysm segmentation and geometric analysis for WEB sizing utilizing a cloud-based computational platform
Authors: Rai Ansaar T , Brotman Ryan G , Hobbs Gerald R , Boo SoHyun 
Published: April 2021

Background Accurate aneurysm measurements are important for selecting the WEB device. The objective was to validate a cloud-based platform, SurgicalPreview (SP) against manual measurements for aneurysm analysis. Methods Two sets of measurements each for SP and manual methods were obtained for 40 aneurysms. Reliability and agreement were assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots respectively. Kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement for predicting WEB size. Results There was good reliability for repeat SP measurements: aneurysm diameter (ICC-1, 95%CI 0.98–1), height (ICC-1, 95%CI 0.99–1) and neck diameter (ICC-0.96, 95%CI 0.93–0.98). There was good reliability for the two manual diameter (ICC-0.97, 95%CI 0.9–0.97) and height (ICC-0.93, 95%CI 0.87–0.96) measurements and moderate for neck diameter (ICC-0.76, 95%CI 0.54–0.87). There was greater agreement for SP versus manual repeat measurements on Bland-Altman plots. Reliability between the SP and manual methods was good for aneurysm diameter (ICC-0.98, 95%CI 0.95–1) and height (ICC-0.96, 95%CI-0.93–0.98) and moderate for neck. (ICC-0.6, 95%CI -0.22–0.87). The Bland-Altman plots confirmed better agreement between the two methods for the aneurysm diameter and height than the neck. There was strong agreement between the methods for predicting the WEB diameter (Kappa-0.84, 95%CI 0.71–0.97) and moderate for predicting WEB height (Kappa-0.66, 95%CI 0.43–0.89). There was moderate agreement for predicted versus deployed WEB diameter: SP (Kappa-0.56, 95%CI 0.38–0.74), Manual (Kappa-0.53, 95%CI 0.34–0.71). Conclusion The SurgicalPreview® had greater agreement for repeat measurements. There was good reliability between the two methods for predicting WEB diameter and height and moderate agreement between predicted versus deployed WEB diameter.
Per pass analysis of thrombus composition retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Abbasi Mehdi , Kvamme Peter , Layton Kennith F , Hanel Ricardo A , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Delgado Josser E , Pereira Vitor M , Patel Biraj M , Jahromi Babak S , Yoo Albert J , Nogueira Raul G , Gounis Matthew J , Fitzgerald Seán , Mereuta Oana M , Dai Daying , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F , Doyle Karen M , Savastano Luis E , Cloft Harry J , Liu Yang , Thacker Ike C , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Demchuk Andrew M , Kayan Yasha , Copelan Alexander Z , Entwistle John , Nazari Pouya , Cantrell Donald Robert , Bhuva Parita , Soomro Jazba , Haussen Diogo C , Al-Bayati Alhamza , Mohammaden Mahmoud , Pisani Leonardo , Rodrigues Gabriel , Puri Ajit S , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: April 2021

Background and aim Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion often requires multiple passes to retrieve the entire thrombus load. In this multi-institutional study we sought to examine the composition of thrombus fragments retrieved with each pass during MT. Methods Patients who required multiple passes during thrombectomy were included. Histopathological evaluation of thrombus fragments retrieved from each pass was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue staining and the composition of each thrombus component including RBC, fibrin and platelet was determined using image analysis software. Results 154 patients underwent MT and 868 passes was performed which resulted in 263 thrombus fragments retrieval. The analysis of thrombus components per pass showed higher RBC, lower fibrin and platelet composition in the pass 1 and 2 when compared to pass 3 and passes 4 or more combined (P values <0.05). There were no significant differences between thrombus fragments retrieved in pass 1 and pass 2 in terms of RBC, WBC, fibrin, and platelet composition (P values >0.05). Similarly, when each composition of thrombus fragments retrieved in pass 3 and passes 4 or more combined were compared with each other, no significant difference was noted (P values >0.05). Conclusion Our findings confirm that thrombus fragments retrieved with each pass differed significantly in histological content. Fragments in the first passes were associated with lower fibrin and platelet composition compared to fragments retrieved in passes three and four or higher. Also, thrombus fragments retrieved after failed pass were associated with higher fibrin and platelet components.
Correlation of Likert scores III–V with increasingly worse pathology in radical prostatectomy specimens significant only for men aged <60 or PSAD >0.15, with age <60 as good as PSAD <0.15 at discriminating lower risk in Likert III
Authors: Ord Jonathan J , Crockett Matthew , Green Jes , Bell Lawrence TO , Hicks Victoria , Crawford-Smith Hugh , Morss Amanda , Poulton Lucinda , Pellisery Bilgy , Hayes Mark , Ludeman Linmarie , Beasley Matthew , Fulmali Rahul , Anniss Mark , Barnes Elizabeth , Foy Christopher , Nayar Richard C , McMeekin Faith , Gilbert Hugh , Okeke Aloysius , Akhtar Mehmood , Patel Biral , Eaton Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to compare Likert scores with radical prostatectomy specimens. Methods: This study examined 443 men with validated pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging results and used cross-tabulation and chi-square significance testing with National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk categories. Results: The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 10, and the mean age was 64 years. Comparing Likert III to Likert V and Likert IV to Likert V, both (each p=0.02) were significantly associated with higher prostate cancer risk groups, but Likert III versus Likert IV was not ( p=0.1). Within the subgroup PSA density (PSAD) <0.15 ( n=140), the correlation of Likert score and final pathological risk group was lost ( p=0.5), but it was not lost within the subgroup PSAD >0.15 ( n=281; p=0.045 III vs. IV only and p=0.055 overall). Within the subgroup age <60 ( n=104), the correlation of Likert score and final pathological risk group was significant ( p=0.006 for III vs. IV and p=0.04 overall), whereas within the subgroup age >60 ( n=339) this significant difference was lost ( p=0.34). Further subgroup analysis within Likert III ( n=86) found that men <60 ( n=22) had neither high-grade (G3 or G4 or G5) nor very high-risk disease. There were only two high-risk cases, both of which were G2T3a (2/22; 10%). In men with Likert III and PSAD <0.15 ( n=31), there were seven high-risk and two very high-risk cases (9/31; 25%). This difference was not significant ( p=0.31) Conclusion: With these two findings, we recommend that men <60 with Likert III can be counselled like men with Likert III and PSAD <0.15, that they are unlikely to have unfavourable or high-risk disease and that they may wish to avoid biopsy or treatment. Level of evidence: Level 1b.
When Unnecessary Tasks Weigh Heavily on the Back: A Diary Study on Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Faes Yannik , Elfering Achim 
Published: April 2021

Background: Auxiliary tasks such as administrative work often include tasks that are unnecessary in the view of workers but still have to be done. These tasks can threaten a worker’s self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unnecessary and unreasonable tasks on musculoskeletal pain. Methods: Fifty-five office workers (29 male; mean age = 41.96, SD = 14.2 years) reported their unnecessary and unreasonable tasks at the beginning of the study and kept a diary of their daily musculoskeletal pain over 5 weeks, using a visual analogue scale. Other work-related risk factors (prolonged sitting), job resources (participation in decision-making), and individual risk factors (sex, smoking, exercise, body mass index, maladaptive back beliefs) were controlled for in multilevel regression analysis. Findings: Multilevel regression analysis with 742 reports showed unnecessary tasks ( B = 4.27, p = .006)—but not unreasonable tasks ( B = 3.05, p = .074)—to predict the daily intensity of musculoskeletal pain, beyond other significant risk factors, such as prolonged sitting ( B = 2.06, p = .039), body mass index ( B = 1.52, p < .001), and maladaptive back beliefs ( B = 3.78, p = .003). Participation in decision-making was not a significant protective factor ( B = −1.67, p = .176). Conclusions/Application to Practice: The higher frequency of unnecessary tasks—compared with unreasonable tasks—could place workers at risk for musculoskeletal pain. Work redesign that reduces unnecessary and unreasonable tasks can make a valuable contribution to worker health and safety among office workers.