bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of tidal volume and driving pressure with mortality in hypoxic patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Raschke Robert A. , Stoffer Brenda , Assar Seth , Fountain Stephanie , Olsen Kurt , Heise C. William , Gallo Tyler , Padilla-Jones Angela , Gerkin Richard , Parthasarathy Sairam , Curry Steven C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To determine whether tidal volume/predicted body weight (TV/PBW) or driving pressure (DP) are associated with mortality in a heterogeneous population of hypoxic mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study involving 18 intensive care units included consecutive patients ≥18 years old, receiving mechanical ventilation for ≥3 days, with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤300 mmHg, whether or not they met full criteria for ARDS. The main outcome was hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) incorporated TV/PBW, DP, and potential confounders including age, APACHE IVa® predicted hospital mortality, respiratory system compliance (CRS), and PaO2/FiO2. Predetermined strata of TV/PBW were compared using MLR.

Results
Our cohort comprised 5,167 patients with mean age 61.9 years, APACHE IVa® score 79.3, PaO2/FiO2 166 mmHg and CRS 40.5 ml/cm H2O. Regression analysis revealed that patients receiving DP one standard deviation above the mean or higher (≥19 cmH20) had an adjusted odds ratio for mortality (ORmort) = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06–1.13, p = 0.009). Regression analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between strata of TV/PBW and adjusted mortality. Using TV/PBW 4–6 ml/kg as the referent group, patients receiving >10 ml/kg had similar adjusted ORmort, but those receiving 6–7, 7–8 and 8–10 ml/kg had lower adjusted ORmort (95%CI) of 0.81 (0.65–1.00), 0.78 (0.63–0.97) and 0.80 0.67–1.01) respectively. The adjusted ORmort in patients receiving 4–6 ml/kg was 1.26 (95%CI: 1.04–1.52) compared to patients receiving 6–10 ml/kg.

Conclusions
Driving pressures ≥19 cmH2O were associated with increased adjusted mortality. TV/PBW 4-6ml/kg were used in less than 15% of patients and associated with increased adjusted mortality compared to TV/PBW 6–10 ml/kg used in 82% of patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to prove whether limiting DP or the use of TV/PBW 6–10 ml/kg versus 4–6 ml/kg benefits mortality.
Os impactos ocasionados pela Pandemia Covid-19 no Bem-estar Psicológico de Profissionais de Saúde e Professores / The impacts caused by the Pandemic Covid-19 on the Psychological well-being of the Health Professionals and Teachers
Authors: Lima Otoniel Moreira Leite , Cordeiro Normelia Teixeira 
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir sobre o COVID-19, que tem sido considerado uma das enfermidades mais agressivas, por causa do quantitativo de casos que exigem internação hospitalar. Também diversos profissionais que necessitaram adaptarem-se a uma série de mudanças, desde mudanças nos hábitos pessoais de afastamento social, a permanência em casa, hábitos mais regulares de higiene pessoal, uso de máscaras e, o próprio trabalho que passou a ser remoto, em muitos casos. A recente descoberta de vacina contra o vírus trouxe esperanças, mas ainda está longe de ter toda a população imunizada, o que continua preocupando as sociedades. Os resultados levaram a crer que o sofrimento psicológico que se tem presenciado, atinge a população geral, professores e os profissionais da saúde, esses últimos que têm atuado diretamente no controle do vírus. Assim, o quadro instaurado requer um cuidado especial não só voltado para a saúde física, como também para a saúde psicológica da sociedade. São os mais diversos motivos e exemplos de prejuízos que o momento pandêmico pode ocasionar às pessoas, razão pela qual é importante que sejam desenvolvidas novas estratégias e ferramentas de preservação e apoio psicológico e psiquiátrico, de forma a mitigar os impactos à saúde mental da população. Nesse sentido, políticas públicas precisam ser implementadas, com ações preventivas e emergenciais direcionadas para contornar os agravos provenientes desta pandemia que ora assola o país.
Quantitative laboratory results: normal or lognormal distribution?
Authors: Klawonn Frank , Hoffmann Georg , Orth Matthias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The identification of a suitable distribution model is a prerequisite for the parametric estimation of reference intervals and other statistical laboratory tasks. Classification of normal vs. lognormal distributions from healthy populations is easy, but from mixed populations, containing unknown proportions of abnormal results, it is challenging. We demonstrate that Bowley’s skewness coefficient differentiates between normal and lognormal distributions. This classifier is robust and easy to calculate from the quartiles Q1–Q3 according to the formula (Q1 − 2 · Q2 + Q3)/(Q3 − Q1). We validate our algorithm with a more complex procedure, which optimizes the exponent λ of a power transformation. As a practical application, we show that Bowley’s skewness coefficient is suited selecting the adequate distribution model for the estimation of reference limits according to a recent International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) recommendation, especially if the data is right-skewed.
Analysis of blood index characteristics in COVID-19 patients and their associations with different outcomes
Authors: Xu Xiaoping , Cai Shuqian , Chen Wei , Wang Huabin , Wu Junqi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The clinical implications of different blood indices in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were analyzed at different stages.

Methods
We compared blood test results of 17 COVID-19 patients treated in Jinhua Central Hospital between January 1 and March 5, 2020 at different stages. We also compared the initial blood results of 17 COVID-19 patients with 115 influenza virus A/B (Flu A/B)-positive patients, 19 Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP)-positive patients and 50 healthy subjects (HSs).

Results
(1) The white blood cell count (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (NEU#) were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group than in the MP and Flu A/B groups; the eosinophil percentage (EO%) and absolute eosinophil count (EO#) were lower in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) group than in the MP group (p<0.05). (2) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly lower when patients were discharged from the hospital (p<0.05), EO% and EO# recovered at discharge, and returned to normal levels during follow-up (p<0.05). (3) When the throat swab was nucleic acid-negative but the stool was still positive, lymphocyte percentage (LY%) and absolute lymphocyte count (LY#) decreased (p<0.05). (4) As the cycle threshold (Ct) value of the nucleic acid increased or decreased, EO# showed a consistent trend.

Conclusions
Blood cell count indices upon hospital admission could be helpful to give some tips of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-infection, Flu A/B-infection and MP-infection; AST and EO# could be used to predict the outcome of patients. Feces turned negative for nucleic acid more slowly than throat swabs; LY# was lower during the fecal-positive period and low Ct values of fecal nucleic acid were negatively associated with the patient’s recovery level.
Effect of sample heating on results of therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Cheng Dao-Hai , Huang Zhen-Guang , Zhu Jing-Bing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Heat treatment is a convenient measure for pathogens inactivation. The authors investigated the effects of this method on blood concentrations of six commonly therapeutic drugs.

Methods
Plasma and whole blood were pretreated with or without heating at 56 °C for 30 min, and drug concentrations of vancomycin, methotrexate, valproic acid, digoxin, carbamazepine, and cyclosporine were examined.

Results
Increased valproic acid levels after plasma heating (63.2 ± 30.2 vs. 62.1 ± 29.8 mg/L, mean recovery 102.0%) and whole blood heating (64.5 ± 30.5 vs. 62.1 ± 29.8 mg/L, mean recovery 104.6%) were observed (both p<0.05), but these differences were not considered clinically important. Recoveries of vancomycin in heat treatments varied widely, with an average and significant decrease of 15.8% in value after whole blood heating (11.7 ± 8.1 vs. 13.7 ± 8.6 mg/L, p<0.05).

Conclusions
Plasma or whole blood heating at 56 °C for 30 min are feasible in pathogens inactivation during monitoring methotrexate, valproic acid, digoxin, carbamazepine, and cyclosporine. However, such pretreatment seems inappropriate in monitoring vancomycin concentrations. Those results highlight the need for caution when applying heat treatment for pathogens inactivation in therapeutic drug monitoring.
Calculation of indirect reference intervals of plasma lipase activity of adults from existing laboratory data based on the Reference Limit Estimator integrated in the OPUS::L information system
Authors: Amodeo Britta , Schindler Aline , Schacht Ulrike , Wahl Hans Günther 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Most laboratories have difficulties to determine their own reference intervals for the diagnostic evaluation of patient results by direct methods. Therefore, data is often just taken from the literature or package inserts of the analytical tests.

Methods
The section on Reference Limits of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) first uploaded the Reference Limit Estimator (RLE) as an R-program with MS Excel-interface on the DGKL home page and now this tool is implemented in the commercial Laboratory Information System OPUS::L (OSM AG Essen, Germany). We used this OPUS::L “Population specific Reference Limits” tool online with our laboratory database. First calculations were done using the example of lipase.

Results
The manufacturer’s original reference interval for lipase 12–53 U/L (adults) was changed to age dependent upper reference limits of <41 U/L (<20 years), <60 U/L (20–80 years) and <70 U/L (>80 years).

Conclusions
By means of the OPUS::L “Population specific Reference Limits” tool we were able to establish our laborarotry specific reference interval for plasma lipase activity. The new reference limits helped to solve an old problem of implausible low elevated lipase values.
Neonatal White Matter Microstructure and Emotional Development during the Preschool Years in Children Who Were Born Very Preterm
Authors: Kanel Dana , Vanes Lucy D. , Pecheva Diliana , Hadaya Laila , Falconer Shona , Counsell Serena J. , Edwards David A. , Nosarti Chiara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildren born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation) are at a higher risk of developing socio-emotional difficulties compared with those born at term. In this longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that diffusion characteristics of white matter (WM) tracts implicated in socio-emotional processing assessed in the neonatal period are associated with socio-emotional development in 151 very preterm children previously enrolled into the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging study (EudraCT 2009-011602-42). All children underwent diffusion tensor imaging at term-equivalent age and fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Children’s socio-emotional development was evaluated at preschool age (median = 4.63 years). Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the outcome variables revealed a three-factor structure, with latent constructs summarized as: “emotion moderation,” “social function,” and “empathy.” Results of linear regression analyses, adjusting for full-scale IQ and clinical and socio-demographic variables, showed an association between lower FA in the right UF and higher “emotion moderation” scores (β = −0.280;p < 0.001), which was mainly driven by negative affectivity scores (β = −0.281;p = 0.001). Results further showed an association between higher full-scale IQ and better social functioning (β = −0.334,p < 0.001). Girls had higher empathy scores than boys (β = −0.341,p = 0.006). These findings suggest that early alterations of diffusion characteristics of the UF could represent a biological substrate underlying the link between very preterm birth and emotional dysregulation in childhood and beyond.
Determination of eight kinds of glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle with on-line clean up combined HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yang Yahua , Xue Zhizhong , Meng Ran , Wu Zhe , Li Zhaojia , Zhang Wei , Ge Shihui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A sensitive and rapid method using HPLC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of eight glucocorticoids residues in chicken muscle simultaneously by Turbo Flow. The eight glucocorticoids were prednisone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, beclomethasone and fludrocortisones. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and on-line cleaned up through a Turbo Flow solid-phase extraction column without time-consuming pretreatment before HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Sample pretreatment conditions, Turbo Flow conditions and mass spectral parameters were optimized and obtained eight glucocorticoids calibration curves. These curves showed good linearity over the concentration from 0.2 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg with an average recovery from 71.63% to 117.36%. This method could be applied on real samples and provided simple, rapid, sensitive and highly selective analysis, which made it feasible to be adopted in food inspection organizations or carry out quantitative analysis for other banned substance.
Astrodaucus persicus (Boiss.) Drude: A Mini-Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects
Authors: Bodaghabadi Faezeh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Astrodaucus persicus (Boiss) Drude is an annual flowering plant of the Apiaceae family. A. persicus is mainly native to Asia and grows mostly in Iran, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. In Iran, it grows mainly in Mazandaran, Golestan, Semnan, Tehran, Qazvin, and Kurdistan provinces. In Iran and Turkey, the plant's aerial parts and young roots are traditionally used as food additives. Various studies have been performed on essential oils and plant extracts. Essential oil compounds and some plant extract compounds have been identified. Different pharmacological effects of plant extracts and essential oils have also been reported. Monoterpenes are the main constituents in the essential oils of various parts of A. persicus. Plant extract (especially plant roots extract) effectively treats breast and colorectal cancers, which seems to be due to the presence of benzodioxole compounds or the antioxidant effects in the roots. The ripe fruits of the plant have potent larvicidal effects. Also, the fruits and roots of the plant significantly inhibit Plasmodium berghei, which can be effective in treating malaria.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminata) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) PARU MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus) YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK
Authors: Dewi Sapna Kurnia , Lokapirnasari Widya Paramitha , Meles Dewa Ketut , Mustofa Imam , Mafruchati Maslichah , Hamid Iwan Sahrial 
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of kepok banana peel extract (Musa acuminata) given by per oral in decreasing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung of male mice (Mus musculus) which was exposed to cigarette smoke. The 24 experimental male mice were divided into 6 groups. The therapy was given for 14 days, all mice were sacrificed and lung MDA level were examined with thiobarbituricacid (TBA) methods. The result of the data analysis test using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) showed that there were significant differences between the group of animals that exposed to cigarette smoke ( = 840.50± 186.47 nmol / g) and the group of animals that were given with extract of kepok banana peel 56 mg / kg bw ( = 6471.25 ± 69.25 nmol/g). Besides that, there was an significant difference between the groups of animals that were exposed cigarette smoke ( = 840.50± 186.47 nmol / g) with the group of animals that were given with vitamin C 260 mg/kg bw ( = 555.25± 61.16 nmol / g). It could be concluded that extract of kepok banana peel and vitamin C could decrease MDA levels in lung of male mice which was exposed cigarette smoke. The increased therapy dose gave affect in lowering levels of malondialdehyde in lung.
Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Brueggeman David A. , Via Garrhett G. , Froehle Andrew W. , Krishnamurthy Anil B. 
Published: August 2021

Update
This article was updated on August 20, 2021, because of a previous error. On page 1, the link to the Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms was corrected to http://links.lww.com/JBJSOA/A314.
An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access 2021;6(3):e21.00034ER.

Background:
Orthopaedic surgery residency program directors (PDs) and candidates consider interviews to be central to the application process. In-person interviews are typical, but virtual interviews present a potentially appealing alternative. Candidate and PD expectations and perceptions of virtual interviews during the 2020/2021 orthopaedic surgery application cycle were assessed.

Methods:
Candidates and PDs were surveyed electronically. Questions covered pre–virtual-interview and post–virtual-interview expectations and perceptions, and past in-person experiences (PDs and reapplicants) on the relative importance of application components, ability to assess fit, interview costs, and preferred interview mode. Identical questions allowed between-group comparisons.

Results:
Responses included n = 29 PDs and n = 99 candidates. PDs reported diminished ability to assess candidate fit; social, clinical, and surgical skills; and genuine interest in the virtual context (each p ≤ 0.01). They placed greater importance on research and less on the interview in the virtual vs. in-person context (each p = 0.02). Most candidates (78%) reported fair/good ability to demonstrate potential and were better able to assess research opportunities than expected (p < 0.01). Candidates expected virtual interviews to increase the importance of research, transcripts, and recommendations (for each, p ≤ 0.02) and decrease the importance of the interview itself (p < 0.01). Compared with PDs, candidates overvalued research, United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, transcripts, and recommendations (each p ≤ 0.02) and may have slightly undervalued the virtual interview (p = 0.08). Most candidates (81%) and PDs (79%) preferred in-person interviews, despite both groups reporting monetary savings.

Conclusions:
Despite cost savings associated with virtual interviews, orthopaedic surgery residency PDs and candidates identified reduced abilities to assess candidate or program fit and displayed a preference for in-person interviews.
LINC00665 Affects the Malignant Biological Behavior of Ovarian Cancer via the miR-148b-3p/KLF5
Authors: Wang Shenglan , Liu Chuanchuan , Li Yongchuan , Qiao Jinwan , Chen Xinling , Bao Jin , Li Ran , Xing Yanxia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Diverse recruitment to a globally structured atmospheric microbiome
Authors: Archer Stephen , Lee Kevin , Caruso Tancredi , Leung Marcus , Tong Xinzhao , Salter Susannah J. , Hinchliffe Graham , Maki Teruya , Santl-Temkiv Tina , Warren-Rhodes Kimberley , Gomez-Silva Benito , Hyde Kevin , Liu Celine , Alcamí Antonio , Al-Mailem Dina , Araya Jonathan , Cary Stephen , Cowan Don , Dempsey Jessica , Etchebehere Claudia , Gantsetseg Batdelger , Hartery Sean , Harvey Mike , Hayakawa Kazuichi , Hogg Ian , Inoue Mutsoe , Kansour Mayada , Lawrence Tim , Lee Charles , Leopold Mathius , McKay Christopher , Nagao Seiya , Poh Yan Hong , Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Rastrojo Alberto , Sekiguchi Toshio , Sim Joo Huang , Stahm William , Sun Henry , Tang Ning , Vandenbrink Bryan , Walther Craig , Lee Patrick , Pointing Stephen Brian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable, and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiome. Here we characterised globalscale patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly. Patterns differed with location and reflected underlying surface cover and environmental filtering. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stressresponse and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight complexity in the atmospheric microbiome that is key to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.
Differences in the roles of types 1 and 2 diabetes in the susceptibility to the risk of fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dou Jiaqing , Wang Jing , Zhang Qiu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes excess risk of fracture at varied sites. Whereas, the difference between the roles of types 1 DM (T1DM) and 2 DM (T2DM) diabetes in the risk of fractures remains limited and inconclusive. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to assess the differences for the associations of T1DM and T2DM with the risk of fractures.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library for eligible studies until May 2021. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the pooled effect estimates for the associations of T1DM and T2DM with the risk of fractures using the random-effects model. An indirect comparison results for the ratio of OR (ROR) with 95% CI were also applied to assess the difference between T1DM and T2DM with the risk of fractures.Results: Twenty-two cohort studies involving a total of 6,484,851 individuals were selected for meta-analysis. We noted that T1DM was associated with an increased risk of all fractures (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.36–2.19; P < 0.001), and fractures at the hip (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 2.90–5.54; P < 0.001), upper arm (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.61–3.00; P < 0.001), ankle (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.24–3.14; P = 0.004), and vertebrae (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.85–2.57; P < 0.001). Moreover, T2DM induced excess risk to all fractures (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.31; P < 0.001), including fractures at the hip (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35; P < 0.001), upper arm (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.67; P < 0.001), and ankle (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.31; P = 0.029). Furthermore, we noted that T1DM versus T2DM was associated with greater risk to all fractures (ROR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.12–1.87; P = 0.005), including fractures at the hip (ROR: 3.21; 95% CI: 2.30–4.48; P < 0.001), upper arm (ROR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09–2.20; P = 0.015), and ankle (ROR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.06–2.78; P = 0.029).Conclusions: This study found that T1DM caused an excess risk to all fractures, including fractures at the hip, upper arm, and ankle than T2DM. Further studies should therefore be conducted to directly compare the differences between T1DM and T2DM with the risk of fractures at various sites.