bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a conceptual model for research on cyclical variation of patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs) in patients with chronic conditions: a scoping review
Authors: Davey A. F. , Coombes J. , Porter I. , Green C. , Mewse A. J. , Valderas J. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough circadian, seasonal, and other cycles have been observed for a number of chronic conditions, their impact on patient reported outcomes measurements (PROMs) has not been systematically explored, rendering our understanding of the effect of time of measurement on PROM scores very limited. The aim was to conduct a scoping review to determine what is known about how intra-individual cyclical variation might affect the way individuals with chronic conditions respond to patient-reported outcome measures.MethodsA protocol of a systematic scoping review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017058365). We developed a search strategy based on previous relevant reviews and implemented it in: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. No restrictions were placed on article types and backward and forward citation searches were conducted. Screening and data extraction were independently completed by up to four reviewers. An adapted version of CASP criteria was used to appraise the quality of included articles. Concepts that were important in understanding the impact of cyclical variation on PROM scores were elicited from the papers and iteratively refined through discussion amongst the authors.Results2420 references resulted from the searches, with 33 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Most study designs included observational research (particularly ecological momentary assessment), 2 were RCTs and 2 were systematic reviews. Studies mainly focused on specific health conditions: mental health, respiratory and musculoskeletal. There was a lack of qualitative research and theoretical framework to explore these concepts more fully. Five overarching concepts emerged: variation in outcomes, variation of scores, psychological status, individual factors, and environmental/situational factors. A conceptual model was developed outlining the relationships between these concepts.ConclusionsThere is empirical evidence that supports cyclical variation in PROM scores across different chronic conditions, with potential very significant implications for administration and interpretation of PROMs. The proposed conceptual model can support further research in this area.
Temporal and spatial changes in cerebral blood flow in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a subtraction brain spect study
Authors: Trevisan Ana Carolina , Alexandre-Santos Leonardo , Assad Rodrigo Luppino , Itikawa Emerson Nobuyuki , Pitella Felipe Arriva , Kato Mery , Silvah José Henrique , Santos Antonio Carlos , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Wichert-Ana Lauro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was addressed to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Our objective was to correlate the subtracted SPECT coregistered to MRI features (SISCOM) with demographic, clinical and laboratory findings to shed light upon the pathophysiological evolution of the NPSLE. Twenty-six NPSLE patients with MRI and pre- and post-treatment brain SPECT with [99mTc]Tc-ECD. SISCOM features were categorized as improvement, worsening, activation and/or deactivation of rCBF findings. Patients mean age of 43.19 years and 65.38% white were evaluated. The patients mean age at onset of SLE was 26.05 and 42.29 for NPSLE. The mean time between the onset of SLE and first NPSLE symptoms was 05.57 years. The disease has already been initiated as NPSLE in 4 patients. The SLEDAI average score was 31.69 and the SLICC/ACR-DI score was 06.96. The patients underwent an average of 09.23 cyclophosphamide. The SISCOM findings showed functional and pathological states on different brain regions. The rCBF changes were not associated with index scores. There was, however, a trend towards an association between lower SLEDAI scores with improvement and higher SLEDAI with worsening in SISCOM, Also a trend of association between lower SLICC score with improvement, and higher SLICC with worsening. The female gender was predictive of activation and worsening, separately, and deactivation and worsening in a set. Non-white patients were predictive of worsening. The seizure was predictive of deactivation separately, and deactivation and worsening in a set. Finally, normal C3 was a predictor of improvement. The present study showed dynamic brain changes in NPSLE patients. SISCOM technique showed improved rCBF in some brain areas, and worsening, activation and deactivation in others. There were associations between rCBF changes and gender, skin colour and complement C3 and association trends with SLEDAI and SLICC scores.
The efficiency of systemic insecticides and complete fertilizer by trunk injection method against leopard moth in infested walnut trees
Authors: Mokhtaryan Alireza , Sheikhigarjan Aziz , Arbab Abbas , Mohammadipour Ali , Ardestanirostami Hoda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., is a key pest of walnut trees in arid and dry areas. It severely damages walnut tree gardens with limitations on irrigation water in the growing season. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of trunk injections of three systemic insecticides: imidacloprid, oxydemeton-methyl, thiamethoxam and a complete fertilizer, Nutreeno® against the leopard moth. Trunk injection was done by drilling. The walnut annual shoots of 60 cm in length were sampled from four directions of the treated and control trees in 4 months after treatments.

Results
The results showed that all treatments including the insecticides and the complete fertilizer at higher concentrations had acceptable efficacy on the leopard moth, and thiamethoxam was the best treatment.

Conclusions
Trunk injections by neonicotinoid insecticides and Nutreeno can be a safer control method against leopard moth larvae in old walnut trees around residential areas.
Assessment of the growth performance and haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to soap effluent
Authors: Akinkuolie Samuel Olusayo , Adewole Henry Adefisayo , Ololade Promise Olabode , Lawal Bola Morufat , Olaleye Victor Folorunso 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Various substances released from modern complex human societies which enter the aquatic ecosystems produce alterations in survivability of aquatic biota. This study assesses the consequence of exposure to industrial effluents containing potentially hazardous constituents, especially soap industrial waste effluent, relative to fish physiology, growth and survival, particularly food fish such as Clarias gariepinus. Five hundred (500) fingerlings of C. gariepinus (15.65 ± 0.02 g) randomly stocked at 50 fish per tank in duplicates were exposed to varying concentration (0, 0.32, 0.66, 1.31 and 2.63%) of homogenous effluent sample and fed Durante® floating feed at 5% of the body weight in two instalments per day for 180 days. The growth performance and feed utilization data were generated to determine the growth performance indices. The haematological parameters of the fish were also determined following routine methods of fish haematology.

Result
Generally, fish in the control had significantly (p < 0.05) better growth performance indices compared with the exposed fish. It was also observed that most of the significant increase or decrease observed in the growth performance was concentration dependent. Increase in HES concentration which significantly increases (p < 0.05) WBC count of the experimental fish was observed to decrease (p < 0.05) the HGB level of the fish. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of RBC (3.02 ± 0.03 × 106/µL) and HCT (36.70 ± 1.68%) were recorded in the control fish. However, all the exposed fish had significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of platelet count compared with the control.

Conclusion
This study concluded that exposure to concentrations of soap effluent induced stress, inhibited growth and altered the haematological indices of the exposed fish. Uncontrolled discharge of soap effluent into receiving water bodies, apart from affecting the wellbeing of an important freshwater food fish, there is every probability of possible accumulation of the chemical/toxic additives of the soap effluent which could have serious implications considering the man as the major and final recipient of these toxic bioaccumulated chemicals via the food chain and the environment.
Migraine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its relation to disease activity
Authors: El-Sonbaty Hassan Abd-Elaty , Zarad Carmen Ali , Mohamed Mohamed Rezk , Abou Elmaaty Ali Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The comorbidity between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and migraine is complex and not completely understood.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate migraine frequency in patients with RA and its relation to disease activity.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 210 consecutive RA Egyptian patients fulfilling the 2010 EULAR/ACR criteria (joint distribution, serology, symptom duration and acute phase reaction).

Results
Prevalence of migraine in RA was 28.2%. Disease activity, fibromyalgia and functional losses were significantly higher in migraine group with RA versus non-migraine group (P < 0.001). Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) was independently significant predictor as increasing DAS-28 score was associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting migraine (5.5-times higher odds per one-unit increase in DAS-28 score). Prevalence of brain MRI white matter hyper-intensities (WMHs) in RA with migraine was 54.8%. WMHs were significantly higher in migraine patients with aura than migraine patients without aura, especially in older patients, longer migraine duration, longer rheumatoid duration and elevated ESR (p < 0.047, p < 0.034, P < 0.004, P < 0.015 and P < 0.22, respectively).

Conclusions
Migraine is highly frequent in RA patients, especially migraine with aura. The presence of rheumatoid activity, fibromyalgia and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome, elevated ESR and CRP are associated with functional losses in RA patients with migraine, especially migraine with aura. MR imaging of brain is a mandatory tool for detection of white matter hyper-intensities in RA patients with migraine, especially migraine with aura.
Some living eukaryotes during and after scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Kim Ki Woo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectron microscopy (EM) is an essential imaging method in biological sciences. Since biological specimens are exposed to radiation and vacuum conditions during EM observations, they die due to chemical bond breakage and desiccation. However, some organisms belonging to the taxa of bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals (including beetles, ticks, and tardigrades) have been reported to survive hostile scanning EM (SEM) conditions since the onset of EM. The surviving organisms were observed (i) without chemical fixation, (ii) after mounting to a precooled cold stage, (iii) using cryo-SEM, or (iv) after coating with a thin polymer layer, respectively. Combined use of these techniques may provide a better condition for preservation and live imaging of multicellular organisms for a long time beyond live-cell EM.
A many-body dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation study of droplets icing on microstructure surfaces
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wu Xiao , Hao Pengfei , He Feng , Zhang Xiwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDroplets icing has important applications in real life. The icing process of droplets on microstructure is explored based on the MDPDE method in this study. Firstly, the correctness of the heat transfer model was verified by one-dimensional heat conduction simulation, and then the feasibility of the phase change model was verified by investigating the icing process of droplets. The influence of cold surface temperature, droplet volume and contact angle on freezing time of droplets was discussed, and it was found that the temperature of cold surfaces had a greater effect on freezing. We finally explored the influence of different microstructure surfaces on the icing of droplets, and results showed that the presence of microstructures greatly enhanced the anti-icing effect of the surface. In our research, the contact angle is a relatively large factor affecting the icing of droplets. In addition, it was discovered that the droplet had the strongest ability to delay freezing on the surface of triangle microstructures with a contact angle of 157.1°.
Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and in tablet dosage form
Authors: Gholve Rameshwar , Pekamwar Sanjay , Wadher Sailesh , Kalyankar Tukaram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The stability-indicating chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of telmisartan and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and in tablet dosage form. The RP-HPLC elution was carried out at 242.0 nm using column Oyster ODS3 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) isocratically, and a mobile phase containing 10 mM phosphate buffer with 1.1 g octane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt having pH 2.5 (adjusted with 5% OPA) and acetonitrile, with a proportion of 500:500, v/v was pumped through the column maintained at ambient (about 25 °C) temperature with 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The proposed method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline.

Results
Telmisartan and rosuvastatin were eluted at 2.553 min and 4.505 min, respectively. The method is linear from 99.9073 to 299.7218 µg/mL for telmisartan (R2 = 1.000) and 23.6841 – 71.0522 µg/mL for rosuvastatin (R2 = 0.999). The average recovery percentage was found 100.51, 99.76, and 99.14% for telmisartan and 99.68, 99.72, and 98.56% for rosuvastatin at three different levels. Results of method repeatability and intermediate precision were found within acceptable limits. Results of solution stability showed that mobile phase was stable for 2 days; standard and sample preparations are stable for 1 day at room temperature as well as in the refrigerator (2–8 °C). Also, forced degradation study results show that method is stability indicating as capable of distinguishing the active analytes peak from the degraded product.

Conclusion
The developed stability-indicating method is linear in studied concentration range as well as precise, accurate, specific, and robust. Hence, successfully this method can be used for routine analysis and stability study.

Graphical abstract
Development and characterization of multiparticulate system as an alternative to unit dosage forms containing drugs with diverse release profiles
Authors: Dhanorkar Vandana , Shah Pranav 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, the Bilayer tablets, Tablet in tablet and Inlay tablets composed of Glimepiride (GMP) and Pioglitazone (PGH) as immediate release part, and Metformin (MFH) as sustained-release part are available for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In these products, there is a possibility of the incomplete release of immediate release part (GMP and PGH) due to their entrapment into high viscosity gel barrier of MFH sustained-release part when drug product comes in contact with media. Therefore, the present study was aimed to deliver the above combination drugs in the form of hard gelatin capsules (as unit dosage form) containing MFH sustained-release (MFH-SR) pellets and immediate release pellets of PGH and GMP (PG-IR).

Results
The MFH-SR and GP-IR pellets, prepared by extrusion and spheronization technique, were optimized based on the drug content and % cumulative drug release. The MFH-SR pellets formulation (batch A6) has shown maximum drug content, and sustained-release of MFH similar to marketed glucophage tablet while, the GP-IR pellets formulation (batch B5) has displayed maximum drug contents and immediate release of GMP and PGH; thus, these batches were considered for further characterizations. The optimized MFH-SR and GP-IR formulations have shown particle sizes of 0.23 ± 0.0010 mm and 0.35 ± 0.0018 mm, respectively. Besides, the formulations exhibited good micromeritics properties. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits has demonstrated comparable bioavailability of the drugs from pellets and the marketed formulations following oral administration. Further, the pellets were found to be stable for 6 months at 40 ± 2 °C/75% ± 5%RH.

Conclusions
The study results revealed that the multiparticulate systems with varied release profiles could be a promising approach to overcome drug release issues associated with the unit dosage forms.
Soil carbon-food synergy: sizable contributions of small-scale farmers
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Hosokawa Nanae , Wagai Rota 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Benefits to agricultural yield improvement, soil degradation prevention, and climate mitigation are central to the synergies of soil organic carbon (SOC) build-up. However, the contributions of small-scale farmers, the main target of recent agricultural and rural development policies, to SOC enhancement are understudied. Here, we present a global analysis of small-scale farmers’ contributions to the potential of additional SOC stocks and the associated increase in crop production.

Methods
We applied random forest machine learning models to global gridded datasets on crop yield (wheat, maize, rice, soybean, sorghum and millet), soil, climate and agronomic management practices from the 2000s (n = 1808 to 8123). Using the established crop-specific SOC-yield relationships, the potentials of additional SOC build-up and crop production increase were simulated. The estimated SOC increase was converted into global decadal mean temperature change using the temperature sensitivity to cumulative total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from preindustrial levels. The amount of inorganic nitrogen (N) input that would result in the same yield outcome as the SOC build-up was derived from the crop-specific N-yield relationships.

Results
SOC contributes to yields in addition to management and climatic factors. Additional SOC sums up to 12.78 GtC (11.55–14.05 GtC) of global SOC stock, which earns 38.24 Mt (22.88–57.48 Mt) of additional crop production and prevents warming by 0.030 °C (0.019–0.041 °C). This production increase equates to what would be achieved by an inorganic N input of 5.82 Mt N (3.89–7.14 Mt N). Small-scale farmers account for 28% (26–30%) of the additional SOC build-up and 17% (15–20%) of the production increase. Key crops and regions in terms of small-scale farmers’ contributions include Sub-Saharan African maize and rice, Latin American and Caribbean soybean and maize, and South Asian rice and wheat.

Conclusions
The contribution of small-scale farmers to the potential increase in SOC stock and crop production is sizable, which in theory further leads to saving inorganic N input. These findings emphasize the importance of linking soil management to sustainable land and climate mitigation with institutions and policy for small-scale farmers. Such a joint policy would assist multiple development goals.
Effects of media stories featuring coping with suicidal crises on psychiatric patients: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Niederkrotenthaler T. , Baumgartner J. , Kautzky A. , Fellinger M. , Jahn R. , Wippel A. , Koch M. , König-Castillo D. , Höflich A. , Slamanig R. , Topitz A. , Wancata J. , Till B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidence suggests beneficial effects of media stories featuring individuals mastering their suicidal crises, but effects have not been assessed for psychiatric patients.

Methods
We randomized n = 172 adult psychiatric patients (n = 172, 97.1% inpatients) to read an educative article featuring a person mastering a suicidal crisis (n = 92) or an unrelated article (n = 80) in a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Questionnaire data were collected before (T1) and after exposure (T2) as well as 1 week later (study end-point, T3). The primary outcome was suicidal ideation as assessed with the Reasons for Living Inventory; secondary outcomes were help-seeking intentions, mood, hopelessness, and stigmatization. Differences between patients with affective versus other diagnoses were explored based on interaction tests.

Results
We found that patients with affective disorders (n = 99) experienced a small-sized reduction of suicidal ideation at 1-week follow up (mean difference to control group [MD] at T3 = −0.17 [95% CI −0.33, −0.03], d = −0.15), whereas patients with nonaffective diagnoses (n = 73) experienced a small-sized increase (T2: MD = 0.24 [95% CI 0.06, 0.42], d = 0.19). Intervention group participants further experienced a nonsustained increase of help-seeking intentions (T2: MD = 0.53 [95% CI 0.11, 0.95], d = 0.19) and a nonsustained deterioration of mood (T2: MD = −0.14 [95% CI −0.27, −0.02], d = −0.17).

Conclusions
This study suggests that patients with affective disorders appear to benefit from media materials featuring mastery of suicidal crises. More research is needed to better understand which patient groups are at possible risk of unintended effects.
Intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional Cr2X2Se (X = I, Br, Cl) monolayers
Authors: Gao Ben-Ling , Zhou Guang-Hong , Ke San-Huang , Song Guang , Wang Xiang-Rong , Xu Qing-Qiang , Wang Yan-Zong , Liang Feng , Li Guan-Nan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel family of two-dimensional Cr2X2Se (X = I, Br, Cl) monolayers with intrinsic magnetism has been predicted using first-principles calculations. The monolayer with the five atomic sublayers has two structures: structure I with ABCAB-type atomic sublayers and structure II with ABCBA-type atomic sublayers. It is found that the lowest energy states are ferromagnetic (FM) half metal for the structure I, and antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor for the structure II, respectively. Phonon spectrum calculations and molecular dynamics simulations show that these lowest energy magnetic states are stable. Monte Carlo simulations based on the Ising model show that the Curie temperatures are about 94, 156 and 93 K for Cr2I2Se, Cr2Br2Se and Cr2Cl2Se monolayers in the structure I, respectively, which are above 77 K of the liquid-nitrogen transition temperature. The large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies of about 1879, 68, 28 μeV per Cr atom for Cr2X2Se (X = I, Br, Cl) monolayers in the structure I show their importance in magnetic memory and storage. The magnetization direction is out of plane in Cr2I2Se and Cr2Br2Se, but is in plane in Cr2Cl2Se. Our study implies a new route in 2D electronics and spintronics.
Telecasting an “Effective Weapon for Peace”
Authors: Perlman Allison 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the history of the International Television Federation, or Intertel. A collaboration between telecasters from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, Intertel throughout the 1960s produced and distributed public affairs documentaries for an international audience. Intertel’s members positioned public affairs programming in the 1960s as an “effective weapon for peace.” By making the nations of the world legible to one another, Intertel programs sought to deploy the international circulation of television texts as a means to diminish tensions in a world defined by uneven economic growth, Cold War ideological battles, and the specter of nuclear warfare. Drawing on archival materials, press reports, and the programs themselves, this essay offers an institutional history of the program’s development, expansion, and demise, as well as an analysis of its politics and ideological premises.