bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate and efficient vehicle detection framework based on SSD algorithm
Authors: Zhao Min , Zhong Yuan , Sun Dihua , Chen Yuhao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVehicle detection plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems and security. Using the original Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) directly for vehicle detection, lacks accuracy and stability. Moreover, most of the state‐of‐the‐art methods need cost a lot of time to inference. Vehicle detection is often used in complex traffic environments. Therefore, faster detection speed and higher detection accuracy are required. This study is aimed at developing a trade‐off between accuracy and speed vehicle detection framework based on the SSD algorithm. To improve the multi‐scale detection performance of SSD, semantic information, detailed features and receptive fields are combined to propose the feature pyramid enhancement strategy (FPES). On the other hand, the cascade detection mechanism is proposed to strengthen the positioning capability of SSD and an adaptive threshold acquisition method for object detection module (ODM) stage to improve model accuracy. Finally, a more efficient convolutional network is deployed through network slimming. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on UA‐DETRAC and Udacity benchmarks. Interestingly, the inference time is the lowest for the proposed method than the state‐of‐the‐art methods, promising its application for fast and effective vehicle detection.
The AMBRE Project: Solar neighbourhood chemodynamical constraints on Galactic disc evolution
Authors: Santos-Peral P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Kordopatis G. , Fernández-Alvar E. , de Laverny P. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The abundance of α-elements relative to iron ([α/Fe]) is an important fossil signature in Galactic archaeology for tracing the chemical evolution of disc stellar populations. High-precision chemical abundances, together with accurate stellar ages, distances, and dynamical data, are crucial to infer the Milky Way formation history.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to analyse the chemodynamical properties of the Galactic disc using precise magnesium abundance estimates for solar neighbourhood stars with accurate Gaia astrometric measurements.
Methods. We estimated ages and dynamical properties for 366 main sequence turn-off stars from the AMBRE Project using PARSEC isochrones together with astrometric and photometric values from Gaia DR2. We use precise global metallicities [M/H] and [Mg/Fe] abundances from a previous study in order to estimate gradients and temporal chemodynamic relations for these stars.
Results. We find a radial gradient of −0.099 ± 0.031 dex kpc−1 for [M/H] and +0.023 ± 0.009 dex kpc−1 for the [Mg/Fe] abundance. The steeper [Mg/Fe] gradient than that found in the literature is a result of the improvement of the AMBRE [Mg/Fe] estimates in the metal-rich regime. In addition, we find a significant spread of stellar age at any given [Mg/Fe] value, and observe a clear correlated dispersion of the [Mg/Fe] abundance with metallicity at a given age. While for [M/H] ≤ − 0.2, a clear age–[Mg/Fe] trend is observed, more metal-rich stars display ages from 3 up to 12 Gyr, describing an almost flat trend in the [Mg/Fe]–age relation. Moreover, we report the presence of radially migrated and/or churned stars for a wide range of stellar ages, although we note the large uncertainties of the amplitude of the inferred change in orbital guiding radii. Finally, we observe the appearance of a second chemical sequence in the outer disc, 10–12 Gyr ago, populating the metal-poor, low-[Mg/Fe] tail. These stars are more metal-poor than the coexisting stellar population in the inner parts of the disc, and show lower [Mg/Fe] abundances than prior disc stars of the same metallicity, leading to a chemical discontinuity. Our data favour the rapid formation of an early disc that settled in the inner regions, followed by the accretion of external metal-poor gas –probably related to a major accretion event such as the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage one– that may have triggered the formation of the thin disc population and steepened the abundance gradient in the early disc.
Density fluctuations associated with turbulence and waves
Authors: Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Steinvall K. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Johansson E. P. G. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Souček J. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. 
Published: June 2021

Aims.The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the probe-to-spacecraft potential measured by RPW on Solar Orbiter can be used to derive the plasma (electron) density measurement, which exhibits both a high temporal resolution and a high level of accuracy. To investigate the physical nature of the solar wind turbulence and waves, we analyze the density and magnetic field fluctuations around the proton cyclotron frequency observed by Solar Orbiter during the first perihelion encounter (∼0.5 AU away from the Sun).Methods.We used the plasma density based on measurements of the probe-to-spacecraft potential in combination with magnetic field measurements by MAG to study the fields and density fluctuations in the solar wind. In particular, we used the polarization of the wave magnetic field, the phase between the compressible magnetic field and density fluctuations, and the compressibility ratio (the ratio of the normalized density fluctuations to the normalized compressible fluctuations of B) to characterize the observed waves and turbulence.Results.We find that the density fluctuations are 180° out of phase (anticorrelated) with the compressible component of magnetic fluctuations for intervals of turbulence, whereas they are in phase for the circular-polarized waves. We analyze, in detail, two specific events with a simultaneous presence of left- and right-handed waves at different frequencies. We compare the observed wave properties to a prediction of the three-fluid (electrons, protons, and alphas) model. We find a limit on the observed wavenumbers, 10−6 < k < 7 × 10−6m−1, which corresponds to a wavelength of 7 × 106 > λ > 106m. We conclude that it is most likely that both the left- and right-handed waves correspond to the low-wavenumber part (close to the cut-off at ΩcHe + +) of the proton-band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (left-handed wave in the plasma frame confined to the frequency range ΩcHe + + < ω < Ωcp) waves propagating in the outwards and inwards directions, respectively. The fact that both wave polarizations are observed at the same time and the identified wave mode has a low group velocity suggests that the double-banded events occur in the source regions of the waves.
Detecting hot stars in the Galactic centre with combined near- and mid-infrared photometry
Authors: Cano-González M. , Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The Galactic centre (GC) is a unique astrophysical laboratory to study the stellar population of galactic nuclei because it is the only galactic nucleus whose stars can be resolved down to milliparsec scales. However, the extreme and spatially highly variable interstellar extinction towards the GC poses a serious obstacle to photometric stellar classification.
Aims. Our goal is to identify hot, massive stars in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) region through combining near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) photometry, and thus to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, which may gain great importance with the arrival of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Methods. We combined the GALACTICNUCLEUS NIR survey with the IRAC/Spitzer MIR survey of the GC. We applied the so-called Rayleigh-Jeans colour excess (RJCE) de-reddening method to our combined NIR-MIR data to identify potential hot stars in colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs).
Results. Despite the very low angular resolution of IRAC we find 12 clear candidates for young massive stars among the 1065 sources that meet our selection criteria. Seven out of these 12 stars are previously known hot, massive stars belonging to the Arches and Quintuplet clusters, as well as sources detected by the Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS Paschen-α survey. Five of our massive star candidates have not been previously reported in the literature.
Conclusions. We show that the RJCE method is a valuable tool to identify hot stars in the GC using photometry alone. Upcoming instruments with high angular resolution MIR imaging capabilities such as the JWST could surely make more substantial use of this de-reddening method and help establish a far more complete census of hot, young stars in the GC area than what is possible at the moment.
Distance learning: Artistic disciplines in expectations and results
Authors: Lvova I.A. , Bakhlova N.A. 
Published: June 2021

The long period of distance learning in higher education has set difficult tasks for teachers. The article analyzes the course and results of an experiment that was conducted at the Department of Folk Art Crafts of the Moscow State Regional University in 2020.	The experiment involved three groups of students in two fields of study: 54.03.01 Design, specialty Costume Design (CD) and 54.03.02 Decorative and Applied Arts and Crafts (DAAC). Students independently identified problems that could arise during distance learning. These are objective factors, such as: insufficient mastering of skills of working with materials and tools, the inability to correct errors and shortcomings immediately, etc.; and subjective factors: psychological problems, deterioration of health indicators, etc. The authors of the article followed the changes in the problems of teaching and made analytical conclusions about how the students’ attitude to the process of remote learning changed. Despite the positive dynamics in students’ perception of online communication with teachers, some of the problems remain unsolvable. For example, the main problem in teaching creative disciplines, in our opinion, was the lack of direct contact between the master and the student, when the skill of artistic work is transferred “from hand to hand”. The authors conclude that the teaching of creative disciplines cannot be completely taken online.
The Functional Movement Screen as an injury prediction tool for German physical education and exercise science students: a prospective cohort-study
Authors: Schweda Simone , Leyhr Daniel , Krauß Inga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Several studies have evaluated the applicability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as a screening tool for injury prediction. However, only few studies investigate gender differences for FMS as a screening tool for female and male college students.
Objective To evaluate gender differences in FMS single items and the overall score. In addition, the applicability of FMS as a diagnostic tool for injury prevention of German exercise students will be investigated.
Method N = 99 college students performed an FMS at the beginning of the semester. Injuries were recorded for the entire term. Gender differences of FMS single items were assessed using the Mann-Whitney-U-Test. Differences in injury prediction were calculated using logistic regression. If the model was statistically significant, diagnostic accuracy was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The Youden index was used to identify a cut-off score. 2 × 2 contingency tables, sensitivity and specifity, positive/negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were assessed.
Results There were significant gender differences for Deep Squat, Shoulder Mobility, Trunk Stability Push Up, and Active Straight Leg Raise. The logistic regression showed that the composite score was statistically significant in clarifying the model for females (p = 0.005, RN
2 = 0.14), but not for males (p = 0.18, RN
2 = 0.04). The ROC curve indicated acceptable injury prediction in females (AUC: 0.66, p = 0.02) and poor injury prediction in males (AUC: 0.40, p = 0.19). The cut-off score of ≤ 16 for females resulted in a sensitivity of 63 % and specificity of 54 %. No cut-off score was calculated for males.
Conclusion Females performed better on flexibility items, while males scored higher on strength exercises. Results of the study indicate low predictive accuracy. Therefore, no solid recommendation can be made for the use of the FMS as an injury screening tool for either female or male German exercise science students.
Meditations- und Achtsamkeitsinterventionen zur Förderung
psychischer Ressourcen in der supportiven onkologischen
Behandlung
Authors: Michaelsen Maren M. , Esch Tobias 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungMenschen, die von einer Krebserkrankung betroffen sind, leiden neben
körperlichen Beschwerden häufig an psychischen Symptomen wie
Angst, Depression und Stress. Psychoonkologische Interventionen zur
Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements, Stärkung der
Selbstwirksamkeit und Förderung weiterer psychischer Ressourcen sind auf
Seiten der Betroffenen von immer größerer Bedeutung. Die
derzeitige Evidenz unterstützt die Annahme, dass Meditations- und
Achtsamkeitsinterventionen, als ein Element in der Mind-Body-Medizin, wirksam in
der supportiven Onkologie eingesetzt werden können. Neben
persönlich vermittelten Interventionen erscheinen auch
Online-Interventionen (eHealth) in diesem Zusammenhang vielversprechend.
Duodenale Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa: ein seltener endoskopischer Befund
Authors: List Johanna 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten von einem 67-jährigen Mann mit einem seltenen endoskopischen Befund im Zwölffingerdarm. Im Rahmen der gastroskopischen Untersuchung zeigten sich Lymphangiektasien in der Duodenalschleimhaut. Die Histologie dieser Läsionen entsprach überraschenderweise einer Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa des Duodenums, die bisher nur in wenigen Fällen beschrieben wurde. Aufgrund der schlechten Prognose ist eine zügige Diagnosestellung sehr wichtig. Der Fall soll daher den Blick des Endoskopikers für diese seltene Diagnose schärfen.
Das Konzept der Integrativen Onkologie am Beispiel einer
Kasuistik
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept der Integrativen Onkologie anhand einer
Falldarstellung eines Patienten, der initial an einem oligometastasierten Kolonkarzinom
erkrankt ist, aus dem Blickwinkel der Praxis dargestellt. Der Begriff Integrative
Onkologie hat sich in den letzten Jahren auch im deutschsprachigen Raum durchgesetzt und
verhindert damit frühere Unschärfen bei der Problematik der Abgrenzung
zu Verfahren der Alternativmedizin. Geeignete Behandlungsverfahren aus den Bereichen der
Komplementärmedizin, Naturheilverfahren, der Mind-Body-Verfahren sowie
zahlreiche Aspekte der Lebensstilführung, der PatientenInnen-Information und
-Autonomie werden in einer salutogenetischen Sichtweise patientenzentriert eingesetzt.
Diese Maßnahmen werden dabei in die konventionelle onkologische Therapie
integriert [2–4]. Dadurch können unerwünschte Wechselwirkungen
und Überschneidungen minimiert werden.
Conventional ultrasound for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis is better than believed
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Shi Long , Löwe Axel , Dong Yi , Potthoff Andrej , Sparchez Zeno , Teufel Andreas , Guth Sabine , Koch Jonas , Barr Richard G , Cui Xin-Wu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Hepatic steatosis is a condition frequently encountered in clinical practice, with potential progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection and staging of hepatic steatosis are of most importance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease with a high prevalence of more than 1 billion individuals affected. Ultrasound (US) is one of the most used noninvasive imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Detection of hepatic steatosis with US relies on several conventional US parameters, which will be described. US is the first-choice imaging in adults at risk for hepatic steatosis. The use of some scoring systems may add additional accuracy especially in assessing the severity of hepatic steatosis.
Summary In the presented paper, we discuss screening and risk stratification, ultrasound features for diagnosing hepatic steatosis, B-mode criteria, focal fatty patterns and Doppler features of the hepatic vessels, and the value of the different US signs for the diagnosis of liver steatosis including classifying the severity of steatosis using different US scores. Limitations of conventional B-mode and Doppler features in the evaluation of hepatic steatosis are also discussed, including those in grading and assessing the complications of steatosis, namely fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Key Messages Ultrasound is the first-line imaging examination for the screening and follow-up of patients with liver steatosis. The use of some scoring systems may add additional accuracy in assessing the severity of steatosis. Conventional B-mode and Doppler ultrasound have limitations in grading and assessing the complications of steatosis.
Assembling Complex Structures through Cascade and Cycloaddition Processes via Non-Acceptor Gold or Rhodium Carbenes
Authors: Echavarren Antonio M. , Armengol-Relats Helena , Mato Mauro , Escofet Imma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability of highly energetic metal–carbene intermediates to engage in complex cascade or formal cycloaddition processes is one of the most powerful tools for building intricate molecular architectures in a straightforward manner. Among this type of organometallic intermediates, non-acceptor metal carbenes are particularly challenging to access and, therefore, have experienced slower development. In this regard, our group has exploited the use of electrophilic gold(I) complexes to selectively activate certain classes of substrates for the generation of this type of intermediate. Thus, very different types of molecules, such as enynes or 7-substituted cycloheptatrienes, lead to the formation of carbenes under gold(I) catalysis. Related rhodium(II) carbenes can also be generated from cycloheptatrienes. In this account, we aim to summarize our efforts towards the in situ generation of such highly versatile organometallic species as well as studies on their reactivity through formal cycloadditions or complex cascade reactions.1	Introduction2	Generation of Au(I)-Vinylcarbenes via a Cycloisomerization/1,5-Alkoxy Migration Cascade2.1	Intramolecular Trapping of Au(I) Vinylcarbenes2.1.1	Applications in Total Synthesis2.2	Intermolecular Trapping of Au(I) Vinylcarbenes2.2.1	Total Synthesis of Schisanwilsonene A2.2.2	Trapping with Furans, 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and Cyclic Alkenes2.2.3	Mechanism of the Cycloisomerization/1,5-Migration Sequence and the Role of the OR Migrating Group2.2.4	(4+3) Cycloadditions from Enynes3	Formal Cycloadditions of Simple Donor Metal Carbenes3.1	The Metal-Catalyzed Retro-Buchner Reaction3.2	Formal Cycloadditions with Non-Acceptor Carbenes via Metal-Catalyzed Aromative Decarbenations3.2.1	(4+1) Cycloadditions of Au(I) Carbenes3.2.2	(3+2) Cycloadditions of Au(I) Carbenes3.2.3	(4+3) Cycloadditions of Rh(II) Carbenes4	Concluding Remarks
Decarboxylative, Diastereoselective and exo-Selective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition for Diversity-Oriented Construction of Structural Spiro[Butyrolactone–Pyrrolidine–Chromanone] Hybrids
Authors: Liu Xiong-Li , Guo Dong-Gui , Li Zheng , Han Xiao-Xue , Zhang Lei , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInspired by the chemistry and biology of butyrolactones, pyrrolidines, and chromanones, we successfully developed a simple domino 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of homoserine-lactone-derived azomethine ylides for the construction of biologically important spiro[butyrolactone–pyrrolidine–chromanone] hybrids in the presence of Et3N as a catalyst under mild conditions. The reaction is based on the application of carboxylic-acid-activated chromones as dienophiles, followed by a decarboxylation process. This reaction displayed good substrate tolerance and gave the desired products in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivities (up to 85% yield and >20:1 diastereomeric ratio) via an exo-transition state. This is the first example of an introduction of a chromanone moiety into a spiro[butyrolactone-pyrrolidine] framework, which might be valuable in medicinal chemistry.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct Allylation of Simple Arenes by Using Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes as Allyl Surrogates
Authors: Xia Ying , Jiang Zhong-Tao , Zeng Yaxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have become an important type of allyl surrogate in transition-metal-catalyzed ring-opening processes, as demonstrated recently through various important advances, especially with palladium catalysis. The versatile fluorinated allyl species generated in this way from gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes exhibit unique advantages compared with conventional allyl sources. By using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates, we achieved a direct allylation of simple arenes through rhodium catalysis under mild conditions. This transformation permits directing-group-free allylation of simple arenes, including electron-neutral, electron-rich, and electron-deficient ones. Here, we give a brief introduction to this area and we discuss our thoughts regarding our recent work and its design.1	Introduction2	Our Design3	Condition Optimization and Substrate Scope4	Applications in Synthesis5	Mechanistic Discussions6	Conclusion and Outlook
Synthesis of Pentasaccharide Repeating Unit Corresponding to the Cell Wall O-Polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica O55 Strain Containing a Rare Sugar 3-Acetamido-3-deoxy-d-fucose
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Gucchait Arin , Kundu Monalisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Salmonella enterica O55 containing a rare sugar, 3-acetamido-3-deoxy-d-fucose has been synthesized as its p-methoxyphenyl glycoside using a sequential stereoselective glycosylation strategy. A suitably functionalized 3-azido-3-deoxy-d-fucose thioglycoside derivative was prepared in very good yield and used in the stereoselective glycosylation reaction. Functionalized monosaccharide intermediates were prepared judiciously and stereoselectively assembled to get the desired pentasaccharide derivative in excellent yield.
Interventions for the Management of Post–Sleeve GERD
Authors: Jain-Spangler Kunoor , Chumakova-Orin Maryna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has steadily gained popularity and has now become the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the United States. It is technically less complex than Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and has relatively good weight loss results in addition to comorbidity resolution. The long-term complication profile is appealing to patients and surgeons alike, save one issue, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is frequently seen in bariatric surgery patients; thus, proper patient selection for SG is paramount. However, SG effects on GERD remain controversial in the literature. Thus, patients are intensively cautioned of the possibility of de novo GERD or worsening of already existing GERD following SG. Therefore, it is imperative that the discussion also occurs regarding potential treatment options if GERD does occur. GERD management following SG consists of a multitude of options. While lifestyle modifications and proton pump inhibitors remain the initial treatment of choice, some will have persistent symptoms needing additional interventions, which may range from a variety of endoscopic techniques (lower esophageal sphincter [LES], radiofrequency ablation, magnetic LES augmentation, and antireflux mucosectomy) to ReSleeve and ultimately conversion to RYGB.