bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid biopsy: a non‐invasive approach for Hodgkin lymphoma genotyping
Authors: Alcoceba Miguel , García‐Álvarez María , Chillón M. Carmen , Jiménez Cristina , Medina Alejandro , Antón Alicia , Blanco Oscar , Díaz Luis G. , Tamayo Pilar , González‐Calle Verónica , Vidal María Jesús , Cuello Rebeca , Díaz Gálvez Francisco Javier , Queizán José Antonio , Martín Alejandro , González Marcos , García‐Sanz Ramón , Sarasquete M. Eugenia 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) genomic landscape is hardly known due to the scarcity of tumour cells in the tissue. Liquid biopsy employing circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can emerge as an alternative tool for non‐invasive genotyping. By using a custom next generation sequencing (NGS) panel in combination with unique molecule identifiers, we aimed to identify somatic variants in the ctDNA of 60 HL at diagnosis. A total of 277 variants were detected in 36 of the 49 samples (73·5%) with a good quality ctDNA sample. The median number of variants detected per patient was five (range 1–23) with a median variant allele frequency of 4·2% (0·84–28%). Genotyping revealed somatic variants in the following genes: SOCS1 (28%), IGLL5 (26%), TNFAIP3 (23%), GNA13 (23%), STAT6 (21%) and B2M (19%). Moreover, several poor prognosis features (high LDH, low serum albumin, B‐symptoms, IPI ≥ 3 or at an advanced stage) were related to significantly higher amounts of ctDNA. Variant detection in ctDNA by NGS is a feasible approach to depict the genetic features of HL patients at diagnosis. Our data favour the implementation of liquid biopsy genotyping for the routine evaluation of HL patients.
Association between sugary drinks consumption and dental caries incidence among Taiwanese schoolchildren with mixed dentition
Authors: Lin Po‐Yen , Lee Yu‐Chin , Hsu Le‐Yin , Chang Hong‐Ji , Chi Lin‐Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesDental caries is a multifactorial disease, and a sugary diet can generate an acidic plaque environment that advances its development. However, the specific effect of sugary drinks on the subsequent oral health of schoolchildren with mixed dentition is unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between the consumption of sugary drinks and 1 year incidence rate of caries in permanent teeth among Taiwanese schoolchildren with mixed dentition.MethodsA longitudinal 1 year follow‐up study was conducted among Taiwanese schoolchildren aged 8‐9 years. A questionnaire collected information regarding the parents’ oral health status and their children's demographic background, oral health‐related behaviours and consumption habits of sugary drinks, including handmade drinks (specifically bubble tea and pearl milk tea) and carbonated drinks. Dental caries was recorded through standardized oral examinations. The number of dental services received was retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and zero‐inflated negative binomial models were used to estimate the association between the consumption of sugary drinks and the incidence rate of caries in permanent teeth after 1 year.ResultsThe study involved 494 children. During the 1 year follow‐up period, 117 children developed new dental caries in their permanent teeth, yielding a caries incidence rate of 0.183 per person‐year. After adjustments for confounding factors, children who preferred having sugar‐rich beverages were associated with having a 4.3 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2‐15.7) risk of developing caries than did those who preferred nonsugary drinks (P < .05). Additionally, children who often consumed handmade drinks were associated with having a 1.7 times higher (95% CI = 1.1‐2.9) risk of developing caries than those who seldom consumed (P < .05).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the consumption of sugary drinks during the mixed dentition stage might be a major etiological factor for caries in permanent teeth. These findings could be valuable to paediatricians, dentists, nutritionists and policymakers.
Predicting life with a permanent end colostomy: A prospective study on function, bother and acceptance
Authors: Sandberg Sofia , Asplund Dan , Bock David , Ehrencrona Carolina , Ohlsson Björn , Park Jennifer , Rosenberg Jacob , Smedh Kenneth , Walming Sofie , Angenete Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe factors that influence a patient's experience of a colostomy are not known. The aim of this study was to characterise stoma function, stoma‐related bother and acceptance among patients operated for rectal cancer and to investigate if there were any preoperative personal factors with predictive impact on long‐term stoma‐related bother.MethodsThe QoLiRECT (Quality of Life in RECTal cancer) study is a prospective multicentre study of patients with rectal cancer. This was a subgroup analysis of patients with a permanent colostomy with a 2‐year follow‐up. Penalised regression models with shrinkage estimation were used to predict the 1‐and 2‐year bother using baseline data. The predictive value and the importance of the included variables were evaluated using bootstrap resampling techniques.ResultsA total of 379 patients were included. Overall stoma acceptance was high and a majority of patients were not bothered by their stoma; 77% and 83% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The subgroup of patients with stoma‐related bother had a high prevalence of difficulties, especially fear of leakage, and a low stoma acceptance in daily life. Both clinical and personal factors were associated with stoma‐related bother. The most important factors were quality of life and physical health, but the prediction accuracy was low.ConclusionsStoma‐related bother was associated with overall stoma dysfunction. As stoma‐related bother is a multifactorial problem, it was not possible to predict which patients will experience stoma‐related bother. It is therefore of importance to prevent stoma‐related symptoms and optimise stoma function to reduce long‐term bother and increase stoma acceptance.
Diagnostic accuracy of C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin and neutrophils for the early detection of anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection: a multicentric, prospective study
Authors: Sala Hernandez Angela , Frasson Matteo , García‐Granero Alvaro , Hervás Marín David , Laiz Marro Begoña , Alonso Pardo Ricardo , Aldrey Cao Inés , Alvarez Perez José Antonio , Roque Castellano Cristina , García González Jose María , Tabet Almeida Janine , García‐Granero Eduardo ,   the EDEN study group
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine the accuracy of C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and neutrophils in the early detection (fourth postoperative day) of anastomotic leakage (AL) after colorectal surgery.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, prospective study that included a consecutive series of patients who underwent colorectal resection with anastomosis without ostomy (September 2015 to December 2017). CRP, procalcitonin and neutrophil values on the fourth postoperative day after colorectal resection along with the postoperative outcome (60‐day AL, morbidity and mortality) were prospectively included in an online, anonymous database.ResultsThe analysis ultimately included 2501 cases. The overall morbidity and mortality was 30.1% and 1.6%, respectively, and the AL rate was 8.6%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (95% CI) for detecting AL were 0.84 (0.81–0.87), 0.75 (0.72–0.79) and 0.70 (0.66–0.74) for CRP, procalcitonin and neutrophils, respectively. The best cut‐off level for CRP was 119 mg/l, resulting in 70% sensitivity, 81% specificity and 97% negative predictive value. After laparoscopic resection, the accuracy for CRP and procalcitonin was increased, compared with open resection. The combination of two or three of these biomarkers did not significantly increase their accuracy.ConclusionOn the fourth postoperative day, CRP was the most reliable marker for excluding AL. Its high negative predictive value, especially after laparoscopic resection, allows for safe hospital discharge on the fourth postoperative day. The routine use of procalcitonin or neutrophil counts does not seem to increase the diagnostic accuracy.
The economic impact of political instability and mass civil protest
Authors: Matta Samer , Bleaney Michael , Appleton Simon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn extensive literature has examined the economic effects of non‐violent political instability events. Nonetheless, the issue of whether economies react differently over time to such events remains largely unexplored. Using synthetic control methodology, which constructs a counterfactual in the absence of political instability, we estimate the output effect of 38 regime crises in the period 1970–2011. A crucial factor is whether crises are accompanied by mass civil protest. In the crises accompanied by mass civil protest, there is typically an immediate fall in output which is never recovered in the subsequent five years. In crises unaccompanied by protest, there are usually no significant output effects. It is unclear, however, whether mass civil protest causes the greater fall in output or is simply an indicator of a more severe political crisis.
A holistic perspective on soil architecture is needed as a key to soil functions
Authors: Vogel Hans‐Jörg , Balseiro‐Romero Maria , Kravchenko Alexandra , Otten Wilfred , Pot Valérie , Schlüter Steffen , Weller Ulrich , Baveye Philippe C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil functions, including climate regulation and the cycling of water and nutrients, are of central importance for a number of environmental issues of great societal concern. To understand and manage these functions, it is crucial to be able to quantify the structure of soils, now increasingly referred to as their “architecture,” as it constraints the physical, chemical and biological processes in soils. This quantification was traditionally approached from two different angles, one focused on aggregates of the solid phase, and the other on the pore space. The recent development of sophisticated, non‐disturbing imaging techniques has led to significant progress in the description of soil architecture, in terms of both the pore space and the spatial configuration of mineral and organic materials. We now have direct access to virtually all aspects of soil architecture. In the present article, we review how this affects the perception of soil architecture specifically when trying to describe the functions of soils. A key conclusion of our analysis is that soil architecture, in that context, imperatively needs to be explored in its natural state, with as little disturbance as possible. The same requirement applies to the key processes taking place in the hierarchical soil pore network, including those contributing to the emergence of a heterogeneous organo‐mineral soil matrix by various mixing processes, such as bioturbation, diffusion, microbial metabolism and organo‐mineral interactions. Artificially isolated aggregates are fundamentally inappropriate for deriving conclusions about the functioning of an intact soil. To fully account for soil functions, we argue that a holistic approach that centres on the pore space is mandatory while the dismantlement of soils into chunks may still be carried out to study the binding of soil solid components. In the future, significant progress is expected along this holistic direction, as new, advanced technologies become available.HighlightsWe highlight the crucial importance of the temporal dynamics of soil architecture for biological activity and carbon turnover.We reconcile controversial concepts relative to how soil architecture is formed and reshaped with time.Soil is demonstrated to be a heterogeneous porous matrix and not an assembly of aggregates.Biological and physical mixing processes are key for the formation and dynamics of soil architecture.
Out of the dark: Using energy flux to connect above‐ and belowground communities and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Jochum Malte , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil ecosystems are both particularly important to humans and vulnerable to human‐made global change. Here, we identify some key aspects of soil community and ecosystem research that need to be more widely studied to understand soil responses to global change and enable us to efficiently protect them. This perspective integrates multiple taxa and trophic levels, combines structural community variables with ecosystem processes, and considers multiple energy channels rather than focusing on only bacterial, fungal, or plant‐derived resources. Moreover, it enables implementing the claim that terrestrial ecosystem research should more widely adopt an integrative view of above–belowground processes. Having identified these key areas requiring higher attention, we suggest a wider application of the food‐web energetics approach to calculating energy flux as a suitable and very powerful tool to simultaneously integrate these aspects. The approach combines food‐web and metabolic theory to quantify energy flux through trophic networks as a universal currency of multitrophic ecosystem functioning. In addition to whole‐community metrics, it allows for quantifying various important processes by summing up the flux out of autotrophs, detritus, or animals to their respective consumers. This includes the assessment of processes that are otherwise hard to quantify, such as belowground herbivory or predation. The calculation requires data on the focal community and its metabolic demand, trophic interactions, feeding preferences and assimilation efficiency, some of which can be measured, whereas other components can be inferred from readily available literature resources. We outline how novel, high‐throughput methods, such as metabarcoding, can be combined with the energy‐flux approach to improve our understanding of soil ecosystem structure and functioning. We hope that our article motivates fellow soil researchers to adopt energy‐flux approaches for their community data and support the further development of this promising approach for soil community and ecosystem science.Highlights
Multitrophic interactions bridge the structure and functioning of soil ecosystems.
An integrated ecosystem perspective requires the quantification of the main energy channels in soil.
Linking above‐ and belowground compartments provides deeper insights into whole‐ecosystem processes.
Quantifying energy flux through above–belowground systems enables those insights.
Is the Technological Revolution Reshaping Our Understanding of Love?
Authors: Petković Tijana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to explore how technology affects the way we understand and practise love, against the background of the theme of the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches, “Christ’s love moves the world to reconciliation and unity.” The article argues that we need a deeper, theologically informed interdisciplinary engagement about new understandings of technology and how technology might contribute to human flourishing. It concludes that dialogue between theology, ethics, and technology is crucial to prevent the negative effects of the digital‐technological revolution on how we love and relate to one another.
Mating preference is mating system and relatedness dependent in the ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus
Authors: Saxena Swati , Mishra Geetanjali , Omkar  
Published: July 2021

AbstractMate choice results from the sensory or behavioural properties that cause individuals to mate with some phenotypes and not others. It can result in direct or indirect (genetic) benefits. Mate choice can also be influenced by various abiotic and biotic factors including the mating system. Here, we investigated how the mating system of the ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus, influences mate choice and also affects the time of commencement of mating, copulation duration, fecundity and percent egg viability. We also tested whether mate choice is dynamically affected by relatedness. We found that monandrous and polyandrous females both preferred polyandrous rather than monandrous males. In contrast, males preferred monandrous females over polyandrous females. However, females preferred unrelated monogynous males which were earlier rejected over related polygynous and males preferred unrelated polyandrous females over related monandrous females. Mating system and relatedness also impacted time to commence mating and copulation duration, fecundity and percent egg viability. This will help us to understand precisely why these shifts occur, which will be the subject of future study.
Enhanced indexing and selectivity theory
Authors: Bolshakov Andrei , Chincarini Ludwig B. , Lewis Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvestment managers that believe to have skill must choose some fraction of stocks in a benchmark to hold. Recent theory predicts that the optimal percentage of holdings for a manager with skill is between 50% and 80% of the benchmark. This theory requires a number of assumptions. Using simulations, we relax some of the assumptions to examine if the theory still holds. We find that, for the most part, the theory holds when the assumptions are relaxed. We also extend the analysis from a one‐period horizon to a multiperiod horizon using the actual returns of stocks in the S&P 500.
Vitamin D modulates hepatic microRNAs and mitigates tamoxifen‐induced steatohepatitis in female rats
Authors: Abd El‐Haleim Enas A. , Sallam Nada A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTamoxifen (TAM) is a life‐saving and cost‐effective drug widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, the adverse effects of tamoxifen can lead to non‐adherence and poor patient outcomes. Therefore, exploring novel strategies to improve TAM safety profile is crucial. Given the key role that vitamin D (VD) plays in modulating lipid metabolism and inflammation, in addition to its benefits in reducing risk and progression of breast cancer, we evaluated the protective potential of VD against TAM‐induced hepatotoxicity focusing on lipid metabolism and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulation. Female rats were pretreated with VD as cholecalciferol (500 IU/kg/day, po) for 4 weeks before receiving TAM (40 mg/kg/day, po) concurrently with VD during the fifth and sixth weeks. Liver histology, lipid profile and expression of genes, proteins, and miRNAs involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation were examined. TAM‐induced steatohepatitis was evidenced by elevated liver triglycerides and cholesterol contents, increased serum miRNA‐122 level, and ALT activity, in parallel with accumulation of lipid droplets, focal necrosis, and inflammatory cells infiltration in hepatocytes. Prophylactic use of VD mitigated TAM‐induced steatohepatitis by modulating key transcription factors in the liver: PPAR‐α, Srebf1, and NF‐κB and their downstream genes/proteins Fas, CPT‐1A, and TNF‐α resulting in reduced hepatic lipids and suppressed pro‐inflammatory signaling. Notably, VD pretreatment mitigated TAM‐induced alterations in the expression of serum miRNA‐122, hepatic miRNA‐21, and miRNA‐33. The combination therapy of VD and TAM has complementary benefits in terms of safety and not only efficacy and should be further investigated clinically.
Morphology mirrors trophic niche in a freshwater amphipod community
Authors: Copilaș‐Ciocianu Denis , Boros Bianca‐Vanesa , Šidagytė‐Copilas Eglė 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Amphipod crustaceans are ubiquitous in temperate freshwaters, where they radiated multiple times in a broad range of habitats. This has led to significant morphological and ecological disparity. However, a limited knowledge of functional morphology and its relation to ecology has often led to the view that freshwater amphipods are omnivorous shredders. Herein, we hypothesise that trophic differentiation is related to functional morphology in a sympatric assemblage of three species belonging to three widespread families: Crangonyctidae, Gammaridae, and Niphargidae.

We quantified seasonal diet composition by examining gut contents, and measured 42 functional morphological traits.

Our results reveal a clear trophic and morphological differentiation among these sympatric species. The carnivorous Niphargus valachicus exhibited predatory traits exemplified by a smaller molar surface and stomach length, and larger/longer grasping, locomotory, and sensory appendages in comparison to the herbivorous Gammarus dacicus. The third species, Synurella ambulans, was omnivorous given its intermediate diet and morphology. We did not find consistent evidence for seasonal diet variation, except for the summer and winter diet of G. dacicus.

The observed niches stretched along a broad trophic spectrum, indicating that even small riverine amphipod communities can exhibit significant functional disparity.

The apparent connection between morphology and diet is similar to that observed in other crustaceans, strengthening our mechanistic understanding of the niche–morphology link. However, the generality of these conclusions needs to be tested on larger species datasets.
Soil nutrients increase long‐term soil carbon gains threefold on retired farmland
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Hobbie Sarah E. , MacDougall Andrew S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAbandoned agricultural lands often accumulate soil carbon (C) following depletion of soil C by cultivation. The potential for this recovery to provide significant C storage benefits depends on the rate of soil C accumulation, which, in turn, may depend on nutrient supply rates. We tracked soil C for almost four decades following intensive agricultural soil disturbance along an experimentally imposed gradient in nitrogen (N) added annually in combination with other macro‐ and micro‐nutrients. Soil %C accumulated over the course of the study in unfertilized control plots leading to a gain of 6.1 Mg C ha−1 in the top 20 cm of soil. Nutrient addition increased soil %C accumulation leading to a gain of 17.8 Mg C ha−1 in fertilized plots, nearly a threefold increase over the control plots. These results demonstrate that substantial increases in soil C in successional grasslands following agricultural abandonment occur over decadal timescales, and that C gain is increased by high supply rates of soil nutrients. In addition, soil %C continued to increase for decades under elevated nutrient supply, suggesting that short‐term nutrient addition experiments underestimate the effects of soil nutrients on soil C accumulation.