bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing nitrogen distribution in source‐sink organs at heading for high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Japonica rice
Authors: He Haibing , Wang Quan , Yang Kun , Niu Mingxuan , Wang Lele , Wu Han , You Cuicui , Ke Jian , Zhu Dequan , Wu Liquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJaponica rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants with large source (dry matter) and great sink (spikelets per unit area) have higher yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency (HYNUE) than Japonica rice plants with small source–sink characteristics. Nitrogen (N) distribution traits between source and sink organs at heading can be important HYNUE factors for Japonica rice. Two Japonica rice cultivars of Yongyou1540 (large source–sink sizes) and Zhendao18 (small source–sink sizes) were tested with N fertilizer treatments in field experiments. The results indicated that the N content ratios of source organs to panicle organ were increased with increasing N input for both cultivars. Moreover, the greater yield was associated with higher N content ratios of source organs to panicle organ across cultivars and N treatments. However, these parameters were negatively correlated with nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE). Grain yield was positively determined by the ratio of nitrogen concentration in the leaf to nitrogen concentration in the panicle at heading (NcLPr.H). The nitrogen content distributed from the stem organ per spikelet (SSr) and N concentration in leaf organ were the main factors that negatively regulated PFPN and NAE, respectively. In addition, Yongyou1540 had a significantly higher NcLPr.H and lower SSr than Zhendao18 across N treatments (P <.01), which explained why Yongyou1540 had a higher yield and greater PFPN than Zhendao18. These results implied that high NcLPr.H and low SSr may be key factors for the HYNUE formation in Japonica rice with a large source–sink cultivar.
Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Small Peptide‐Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: von Baeckmann Cornelia , Rubio Guilherme M. D. M. , Kählig Hanspeter , Kurzbach Dennis , Reithofer Michael R. , Kleitz Freddy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembly processes guide disordered molecules or particles into long‐range organized structures due to specific supramolecular interactions among the building entities. Herein, we report a unique evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) strategy for four different silica nanoparticle systems obtained through peptide functionalization of the particle surface. First, covalent peptide‐silica coupling was investigated in detail, starting with the grafting of a single amino acid (L‐serine) and expanded to specific small peptides (up to four amino acids) and transferred to different particle types (MCM‐48‐type MSNs, solid nanoparticles, and newly developed virus‐like nanoparticles). These materials were investigated regarding their ability to undergo EISA, which was shown to be independent of particle type and amount of peptide anchored to their surface. This EISA‐based approach provides new possibilities for the design of future advanced drug delivery systems, engineered hierarchical sorbents, and nanocatalyst assemblies.
Characterization of Mannosyl Dioxanium Ions in Solution Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: de Kleijne Frank F. J. , Elferink Hidde , Moons Sam J. , White Paul B. , Boltje Thomas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stereoselective introduction of the glycosidic bond remains one of the main challenges in carbohydrate synthesis. Characterizing the reactive intermediates of this reaction is key to develop stereoselective glycosylation reactions. Herein we report the characterization of low‐populated, rapidly equilibrating mannosyl dioxanium ions that arise from participation of a C‐3 acyl group using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR spectroscopy. Dioxanium ion structure and equilibration kinetics were measured under relevant glycosylation conditions and highly α‐selective couplings were observed suggesting glycosylation took place via this elusive intermediate.
Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate
Authors: Rauscher Niklas , Næsborg Line , Jandl Christian , Bach Thorsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe prezizane‐type sesquiterpene agarozizanol B was synthesized employing a photochemical cascade reaction as the key step. Starting from a readily available 1‐indanone with a tethered olefin, a strained tetracyclic skeleton was assembled which contained all carbon atoms of the sesquiterpene with the correct relative configuration. The conversion into the tricyclic prezizane skeleton was accomplished by a strategic cyclopropane bond cleavage. Prior to the cyclopropane ring opening an adaption of the oxidation state was required, which could be combined with a reductive resolution step. After removal of two functional groups, the natural product was obtained both in racemic form or, if resolved, as the (+)‐enantiomer which was shown to be identical to the natural product.
An Overlooked Natural Hydrogen Evolution Pathway: Ni2+ Boosting H2O Reduction by Fe(OH)2 Oxidation during Low‐Temperature Serpentinization
Authors: Song Han , Ou Xinwen , Han Bin , Deng Haoyu , Zhang Wenchao , Tian Chen , Cai Chunfang , Lu Anhuai , Lin Zhang , Chai Liyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNatural hydrogen (H2) has gained considerable attentions as a renewable energy resource to mitigate the globally increasing environmental concerns. Low‐temperature serpentinization (<200 °C) as a typical water–rock reaction is a major source of the natural H2. However, the reaction mechanism and the controlling step to product H2 remained unclear, which hinders the further utilization of natural H2. Herein, we demonstrated that the H2 production rate could be determined by the Fe(OH)2 oxidation during low‐temperature serpentinization. Moreover, the co‐existence of Ni2+ could largely enhance the H2 production kinetics. With the addition of only 1 % Ni2+, the H2 production rate was remarkably enhanced by about two orders of magnitude at 90 °C. D2O isotopic experiment and theoretical calculations revealed that the enhanced H2 production kinetics could be attributed to the catalytic role of Ni2+ to promote the reduction of H2O.
High‐Performance Electrochemical NO Reduction into NH3 by MoS2 Nanosheet
Authors: Zhang Longcheng , Liang Jie , Wang Yuanyuan , Mou Ting , Lin Yiting , Yue Luchao , Li Tingshuai , Liu Qian , Luo Yonglan , Li Na , Tang Bo , Liu Yang , Gao Shuyan , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Guo Xiaodong , Ma Dongwei , Sun Xuping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of NO not only offers an attractive alternative to the Haber–Bosch process for ambient NH3 production but mitigates the human‐caused unbalance of nitrogen cycle. Herein, we report that MoS2 nanosheet on graphite felt (MoS2/GF) acts as an efficient and robust 3D electrocatalyst for NO‐to‐NH3 conversion. In acidic electrolyte, such MoS2/GF attains a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 76.6 % and a large NH3 yield of up to 99.6 μmol cm−2 h−1. Using MoS2 nanosheet‐loaded carbon paper as the cathode, a proof‐of‐concept device of Zn‐NO battery was assembled to deliver a discharge power density of 1.04 mW cm−2 and an NH3 yield of 411.8 μg h−1 mgcat.−1. Calculations reveal that the positively charged Mo‐edge sites facilitate NO adsorption/activation via an acceptance–donation mechanism and disfavor the binding of protons and the coupling of N−N bond.
Stable Super‐Resolution Imaging of Lipid Droplet Dynamics through a Buffer Strategy with a Hydrogen‐Bond Sensitive Fluorogenic Probe
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Chao , Liu Wenjuan , Qiao Qinglong , Qi Huan , Zhou Wei , Xu Ning , Li Jin , Piao Hailong , Tan Davin , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Zhaochao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough super‐resolution imaging offers an opportunity to visualize cellular structures and organelles at the nanoscale level, cellular heterogeneity and unpredictability still pose a significant challenge in the dynamic imaging of live cells. It is thus vital to develop better‐performing and more photostable probes for long‐term super‐resolution imaging. Herein, we report a probe, LD‐FG, for imaging lipid droplet (LD) dynamics using structured illumination microscopy (SIM). LD‐FG allows wash‐free imaging of LDs, owing to a hydrogen‐bond sensitive fluorogenic response. The replacement of photobleached LD‐FG by intact probe molecules outside the LDs ensures the long‐time stability of the fluorescence imaging. With this buffering fluorogenic probe, fast and unpredictable dynamic processes of LDs can be visualized. Using this probe, two LD coalescence modes were discovered. The dynamic imaging also allowed us to propose a new model of LD maturation during adipocyte differentiation, i.e., a fast LD coalescence followed by a slow ripening step. The excellent performance of LD‐FG makes the buffer strategy an effective method for designing fluorescent probes for cell dynamic imaging.
Reversible Dissociation of a Dialumene**
Authors: Falconer Rosalyn L. , Byrne Keelan M. , Nichol Gary S. , Krämer Tobias , Cowley Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDialumenes are neutral AlI compounds with Al=Al multiple bonds. We report the isolation of an amidophosphine‐supported dialumene. Our X‐ray crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational DFT analyses reveal a long and extreme trans‐bent Al=Al bond with a low dissociation energy and bond order. In solution, the dialumene can dissociate into monomeric AlI species. Reactivity studies reveal two modes of reaction: as dialumene or as aluminyl monomers.
The Facile Dissociation of Carbon–Oxygen Bonds in CO2and CO on the Surface of LaCoSiHxIntermetallic Compound
Authors: Sun Yongfang , Chen Yunlei , Zhang Xiangyu , He Yurong , Qiu Zhongxian , Zheng Wentao , Wang Fei , Jiao Haijun , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang , Wen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn catalysis science, the electronic structure of the active site determines the structure–activity relationship of the catalyst to a large extent. Therefore, modulating the electronic structure has become a main route for the rational design of metal‐based catalyst materials. In this work, we prepared a LaCoSiHxmaterial that has more electronegativity and a lower workfunction than traditional supported Co‐based catalysts. Using CO2methanation as a model catalytic reaction, the facile dissociation of CO2and CO (a key reaction intermediate) on the surface of the LaCoSiHxcatalyst is observed by various experimental methods (e.g., in situ Raman and FTIR) at room temperature. Moreover, theoretical calculation results further show that LaCoSiHxhas a much stronger capacity for carbon–oxygen bond activation than the Co surface. The intrinsic mechanism is attributed to the marked electron transfer from catalysts into the antibonding orbital of CO2and CO.
Metabolic Labeling of Legionaminic Acid in Flagellin Glycosylation of Campylobacter jejuni Identifies Maf4 as a Putative Legionaminyl Transferase
Authors: Meng Xianke , Boons Geert‐Jan , Wösten Marc M. S. M. , Wennekes Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is the major human food‐borne pathogen. Its bipolar flagella are heavily O‐glycosylated with microbial sialic acids and essential for its motility and pathogenicity. However, both the glycosylation of flagella and the exact contribution of legionaminic acid (Leg) to flagellar activity is poorly understood. Herein, we report the development of a metabolic labeling method for Leg glycosylation on bacterial flagella with probes based on azide‐modified Leg precursors. The hereby azido‐Leg labeled flagellin could be detected by Western blot analysis and imaged on intact bacteria. Using the probes on C. jejuni and its isogenic maf4 mutant we also further substantiated the identification of Maf4 as a putative Leg glycosyltransferase. Further evidence was provided by UPLC–MS detection of labeled CMP‐Leg and an in silico model of Maf4. This method and the developed probes will facilitate the study of Leg glycosylation and the functional role of this modification in C. jejuni motility and invasiveness.
Biphasic nanofibrous scaffolds based on collagen and PLC for controlled release LL‐37 in guided bone regeneration
Authors: Prakobkarn Jeeranan , Makeudom Anupong , Jenvoraphot Thannaphat , Supanchart Chayarop , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Punyodom Winita , Daranarong Donraporn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis is a feasibility study on the ability of biodegradable collagen coated with poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLC) to deliver the antimicrobial peptide, LL‐37, for usage as a barrier membrane in guided bone regeneration. In this study, a nanofibrous PLC is fabricated using the electrospinning technique to establish the controlled release of the LL‐37, which adsorbed onto collagen scaffold (LL/Col), in order to produce a LL/Col/PLC membrane. The in vitro released profiles of the LL‐37 obtained from the LL/Col/PLC membranes are studied in phosphate buffer saline and are compared with unfabricated LL/Col membranes. According to the results, the LL/Col/PLC membrane is capable of delivering LL‐37 in a sustained release in amounts that has no cytotoxicity over a period of 14 days. An assessment of the biocompatibility of the LL/Col/PLC membrane indicate that it can enhance the proliferation of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human monocytes that are known to be a key regulator in the bone healing process. Moreover, the surface topography of the LL/Col/PLC membrane mimics the extracellular matrix by establishing cell attachment and proliferation. These findings indicate that the LL/Col/PLC membrane developed in this study can sustain the release of LL‐37 in clinically relevant doses, which could then further enhance bone regeneration.
Effects of hollow glass microspheres on the polybenzoxazine thermosets: Mechanical, thermal, heat insulation, and morphological properties
Authors: Kiran Sadia , Gorar Athar Ali Khan , Wang Ting , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Zhang Li‐Li , Wang Jun , Shah Ahmer Hussain , Sami Syed Kamran , Liu Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe growing need for high thermal and mechanical resistant lightweight syntactic foams demands the designing of new materials. Herein, we report the successful fabrication of lightweight and high thermal resistance syntactic foams with excellent thermal and good mechanical properties. For this end, 10–50 wt% hollow glass microsphere (HGMS) containing polybenzoxazine based syntactic foams were prepared by using bisphenol‐A‐aniline (BA‐a) and phenol‐diaminodiphenylmethane (P‐ddm) benzoxazine via curing at 10 MPa compression molding. The curing behavior, tensile, flexural, compressive, and impact strength, thermal properties, and fracture morphology of the syntactic foams were studied by DSC, universal material testing machine, and drop hammer impact testing machine, TGA, and SEM, respectively. The curing temperatures of BA‐a and P‐ddm benzoxazine resins were slightly increased after blending the HGMS. The highest decline (59%) in the density and highest void contains (13.17%) was recorded for the poly(P‐ddm/HGMS50) sample. The excellent specific mechanical properties of the syntactic foams were observed on the 30 wt% HGMS loading. The thermal conductivity of the foams was gradually decreased and the lowest values of 0.106 and 0.0985 W/m.K were observed for poly(BA‐a/HMGS50) and poly(P‐ddm/HGMS50) sample, respectively. Furthermore, a gradual improvement in the thermal properties was observed as the loading of HGMS increased.
A TEMPO‐Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Polymer as a Highly Active and Reusable Organocatalyst
Authors: Guo Ying , Wang Wei David , Li Shengyu , Zhu Yin , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Xiao , Zhang Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe properties of high stability, periodic porosity, and tunable nature of ordered mesoporous polymers make these materials ideal catalytic nanoreactors. However, their application in organocatalysis has been rarely explored. We report herein for the first time the incorporation of a versatile organocatalyst, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), into the pores of an FDU‐type mesoporous polymer via a pore surface engineering strategy. The resulting FDU‐15‐TEMPO possesses a highly ordered mesoporous organic framework and enhanced stability, and shows excellent catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of alcohols and aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2‐substituted benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for up to 7 consecutive cycles.
Lectin‐Triggered Aggregation of Glyco‐Gold Nanoprobes for Activity‐based Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Naked Eye
Authors: Yeh Che‐Ming , Chen Ming‐Chun , Wu Tzu‐Chien , Chen Jyun‐Wei , Lai Chian‐Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a colorimetric assay for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through a combination of using an aryl boronate (AB) derivative and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The unique optical property of AuNPs is applied to design a detection probe. The aggregation of AuNPs could be directly observed as a color change by the naked eye. A mannoside‐boronate‐sulfide (MBS) ligand was designed that contains an arylboronate (AB), a mannoside, and a thiol group. The thiol group bonds covalently with the surface of AuNPs to obtain MBS@AuNPs. The mannoside moiety recognizes concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin with four carbohydrate recognition sites that can specifically recognize the non‐reducing end of an α‐D‐mannoside or α‐D‐glucoside structure. The AB structure on MBS first reacts with H2O2 and then inserts an oxygen atom in the B−H bond, which triggers intramolecular electron rearrangement to cleave the covalent bond, resulting in a MBSt mixture. The MBS or MBSt is then modified to citrate‐coated AuNPs (c‐AuNPs) to have MBS@AuNPs or MBSt@AuNPs. When the MBS@AuNPs are incubated with Con A, the Con A recognizes multiple mannosides on the surface of the MBS@AuNPs. Subsequently, the MBS@AuNPs aggregate and the solution's color changes from red to purple, but this color change does not occur in the case of MBSt@AuNPs. The phenomenon can be observed by the naked eye.
From High‐ to Low‐Temperature: The Revival of Sodium‐Beta Alumina for Sodium Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Fertig Micha P. , Skadell Karl , Schulz Matthias , Dirksen Cornelius , Adelhelm Philipp , Stelter Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSodium‐based batteries are promising post lithium‐ion technologies because sodium offers a specific capacity of 1166 mAh g−1and a potential of −2.71 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode. The solid electrolyte sodium‐beta alumina shows a unique combination of properties because it exhibits high ionic conductivity, as well as mechanical stability and chemical stability against sodium. Pairing a sodium negative electrode and sodium‐beta alumina with Na‐ion type positive electrodes, therefore, results in a promising solid‐state cell concept. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges of using sodium‐beta alumina in batteries operating from medium‐ to low‐temperatures (200 °C–20 °C). Firstly, the recent progress in sodium‐beta alumina fabrication and doping methods are summarized. We discuss strategies for modifying the interfaces between sodium‐beta alumina and both the positive and negative electrodes. Secondly, recent achievements in designing full cells with sodium‐beta alumina are summarized and compared. The review concludes with an outlook on future research directions. Overall, this review shows the promising prospects of using sodium‐beta alumina for the development of solid‐state batteries.
Techno‐economic assessment of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate production in an integrated sugarcane biorefinery
Authors: Ratshoshi Brankie Karabo , Farzad Somayeh , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlastic waste pollution is a growing environmental concern due to the increased use of conventional plastics. This study investigates the techno‐economics of biodegradable, bio‐based plastics, i.e. polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), as potential substitutes for conventional plastics, to identify the most viable one to be produced in a biorefinery annexed to a typical sugar mill. Six potential biorefinery scenarios were simulated in Aspen Plus®, in which PLA or PBS is derived from sugarcane molasses (1G scenarios), bagasse and harvesting residues (2G scenarios) or a mixture of molasses, bagasse, and harvesting residues (1G2G scenarios). The economic feasibility of the PLA and PBS scenarios was evaluated by means of the minimum selling prices (MSP) for an acceptable return on investment. The PLA scenarios showed lower MSPs than PBS with the 1G2G scenario having the lowest MSP (2965 US$ t–1), comparable to the commonly available PLA from corn grain (5140 US$ t–1). Polylactic acid benefited from lower process energy demands (5.5–5.8 MJ kg–1 of biomass or sugars processed) compared to PBS (5.1–8.2 MJ kg–1), which plays a crucial role in an energy self‐sufficient biorefinery. Furthermore, a 1G‐biorefinery was identified producing a fully biobased PBS at an MSP of 2980 US$ t–1 that is price competitive against fossil‐derived PBS (2380 US$ t–1) and partially bio‐derived PBS (4730 US$ t–1). To date, this was the first study to evaluate the detailed techno‐economics of a fully biobased and biodegradable PBS biorefinery in an energy self‐sufficient context, which was demonstrated to be cost‐competitive against both partial bio‐derived PBS and fully bio‐derived PBS. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Hybridbrücken aus CPC‐Platten und Carbonhalbträgern
Authors: Lowiner Christian , Kurath Josef , Sydow Antje , Wietlisbach Basil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBereits heute wird weltweit pro Jahr mehr Sand und Schotter verbaut als durch natürliche Erosionsprozesse entsteht [1]. Aufgrund der fortlaufenden Urbanisierung soll sich zudem die jährliche Abbaumenge von Sand, Schotter und Eisenerz zwischen 2011 und 2060 mehr als verdoppeln [2]. Diesen rückläufigen Ressourcenvorkommen und der globalen Klimaerwärmung soll mit neuen Bauweisen entgegengewirkt werden. CPC – carbon prestressed concrete – ist eine solch neuartige Bauweise in Beton. Die konventionelle Stahlbewehrung wird durch fein verteilte, stark vorgespannte Carbondrähte ersetzt, welche endlos und mehrlagig in beide Hauptrichtungen in der Platte eingebaut sind. Beim neu entwickelten Kleinbrückensystem „CPC‐CARBO“ wird die CPC‐Fahrbahnplatte mit einem Carbonhalbträger ergänzt, welcher unter der Platte liegt und mit dieser über eine vermörtelte Verzahnung verbunden ist. Die so definierte Hybridbrücke ist sehr leicht und trotzdem enorm dauerhaft und robust. Die ohne Stahlteile auskommende Brücke vereinfacht auch die Widerlager wesentlich. Gegenüber einer vergleichbaren Brücke aus Stahlbeton wird mit dieser neuen Bauweise die Arbeitszeit vor Ort stark reduziert und vom Wetter praktisch unabhängig gemacht. Der CO2‐Fußabdruck und der Verbrauch von nicht nachwachsenden Rohstoffen werden wesentlich verkleinert. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt eine von bisher drei in der Schweiz gebauten und auf diese Weise konzipierten Kleinbrücken.