bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary hyperparathyroidism: Disease of diverse genetic, symptomatic, and biochemical phenotypes
Authors: Medina Jesus E. , Randolph Gregory W. , Angelos Peter , Zafereo Mark E. , Tufano Ralph P. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Montenegro Fabio L. M. , Owen Randall P. , Khafif Avi , Suárez Carlos , Shaha Ashok R. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Krempl Greg A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic, symptomatic, and biochemical heterogeneity of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has become apparent in recent years. An in‐depth, evidence‐based review of the phenotypes of PHPT was conducted. This review was intended to provide the resulting information to surgeons who operate on patients with hyperparathyroidism. This review revealed that the once relatively clear distinction between familial and sporadic PHPT has become more challenging by the finding of various germline mutations in patients with seemingly sporadic PHPT. On the one hand, the genetic and clinical characteristics of some syndromes in which PHPT is an important component are now better understood. On the other hand, knowledge is emerging about novel syndromes, such as the rare multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4), in which PHPT occurs frequently. It also revealed that, currently, the classical array of symptoms of PHPT is seen rarely upon initial presentation for evaluation. More common are nonspecific, nonclassical symptoms and signs of PHPT. In areas of the world where serum calcium levels are checked routinely, most patients today are “asymptomatic” and they are diagnosed after an incidental finding of hypercalcemia; however, some of them have subclinical involvement of bones and kidneys, which is demonstrated on radiographs, ultrasound, and modern imaging techniques. Last, the review points out that there are three distinct biochemical phenotypes of PHPT. The classical phenotype in which calcium and parathyroid hormone levels are both elevated, and other disease presentations in which the serum levels of calcium or intact parathyroid hormone are normal. Today several, distinct phenotypes of the disease can be identified, and they have implications in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients, as well as possible screening of relatives.
A silent burden—prolapse, incontinence, and infertility in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: A systematic search and narrative review
Authors: Clarke Marilyn , Whitson Nicole , Williams Corey , Robson Stephen J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, and infertility are all prevalent conditions associated with considerable reduction in quality of life. As a group, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women may be at higher risk of these conditions, but studies are scarce.ObjectiveTo review the literature pertaining to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions in Indigenous Australian women.Search strategyMedline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for articles published between 1980 and 2021 pertaining to these conditions in Indigenous Australian women.Selection criteriaStudies that did not directly address the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions were excluded.Main resultsIt was possible to identify only 11 papers dealing with these conditions in Indigenous Australian women. Only one dealt with POP and was a retrospective audit of a health outreach program in the Northern Territory concluding that there was significant underreporting of the condition. Five papers dealt with urinary incontinence and, again, described significant underreporting and poor referral pathways. Five papers reported small studies about infertility, one reporting poor engagement from clinical directors.ConclusionIt was concluded that despite the importance of these conditions, there is almost no body of research and this is an urgent national problem.
Conceptual modeling of energy storage systems
Authors: Vrenne Therese , Syverud Elisabet , Muller Gerrit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConceptual models are explicit representations of complex systems that help people understand and communicate the system and its behavior in its actual context. The stable energy systems that we rely on in our daily life require a balance between energy production and consumption. Energy systems, particularly those that include renewable energy sources, have inherent dynamic behavior due to the intermittence of energy sources such as solar and wind. We use conceptual models to understand this behavior.The transition towards a carbon neutral energy system requires energy storage to ensure a supply of renewable energy when needed. The sizing strategy for energy storage systems is challenging because both the supply side and the demand side varies with time. In this paper, we investigate how energy storage technologies can provide seasonal storage for an existing energy system with excess electric power production during the summer months. We use conceptual models to review pumped hydro energy storage, hydrogen storage, and brine technology.The conceptual models simplify the selection process and help in choosing the most suitable energy storage solution from technical and economic criteria. The conceptual models are effective in communicating the constraints and opportunities of the system. However, we find it difficult to balance between comprehension that requires simplification, and accuracy that requires details.
Conceptual Modelling of Seasonal Energy Storage Technologies for Residential Heating in a Dutch town Best
Authors: Drilen Erik , Muller Gerrit , Syverud Elisabet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe increasing growth of modern renewables in countries with significant seasonal variations leads to a growing amount of excessive energy generated in peak seasons. This combined with the shortage of renewable energy in off‐peak periods, creates an emerging need for seasonal energy storages. Best is a town located south in the Netherlands. Heating with natural gas in the cold season is the major energy consuming function in the residential sector, in Best. In this paper, we investigate storage technologies that have the potential to replace natural gas as a source of heating in Best. We observe and analyze Best and investigate storage technologies to uncover key considerations. We create conceptual models of three suitable storage technologies. We use these models to compare the storage technologies and enable discussion around the key considerations. The conceptual models provide insight and understanding of the technologies and the considerations. The comparison points to power‐to‐gas (PtG), with the production of methane and supply of electricity to heat pumps, as the most suitable technology for Best.
Insights for Systems Security Engineering from Multilayer Network Models
Authors: Williams Adam D. , Birch Gabriel C. , Caskey Susan A. , Fleming Elizabeth S. , Gunda Thushara , Adams Thomas , Wingo Jamie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNext‐generation approaches for systems security engineering will need to address challenges stemming from complex risk environments, innovative adversaries, and disruptive technologies—particularly for high consequence facilities (HCF). Key insights from complexity, systems, and network theories—and support from subject matter expert (SME) elicited empirical data—support using a multilayer network model for HCF security to address these challenges. Early results of modeling HCF security system performance in terms of multilayer network characteristics seemed to meet the needs expressed in the SME data, provide a suite of mathematically tractable metrics to describe more complex security behaviors, and align with characteristics related to incorporating systems security engineering into the future of systems engineering.
Developing domain‐specific AI‐based tools to boost cross‐enterprise knowledge reuse and improve quality
Authors: Sarwar Sajjad , Haskins Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMHWirth observed that several quality issues surfaced during the product commissioning phase causing a negative impact on project cost, delivery time and customer satisfaction. By using root cause analyses, this research found several links between poor quality and lack of proper knowledge management. With better knowledge management, most of these quality issues could be addressed and solved at an earlier stage of the product life cycle. Today different barriers are preventing organizations from taking full advantage of previously generated valuable knowledge. This paper explores how the use of Artificial Intelligence can boost knowledge reuse. The goal is to empower faster and more informed decision‐making based on lessons learned in the past to minimize waste, rework, re‐invention and redundancy.
From UAF to SysML: Transitioning from System of Systems to Systems Architecture
Authors: Morkevicius Aurelijus , Aleksandraviciene Aiste , Krisciuniene Gintare 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe fourth industrial evolution, Internet of Things, and large‐scale machine‐to‐machine interactions are driving digital transformation in the industry. Model‐based Systems engineering (MBSE), as a new paradigm of capturing and analyzing knowledge about the system, is one of the core factors to drive this transformation. MBSE practices are more and more widely applied to system‐of‐systems (including enterprise and mission) engineering, which becomes a crucial part of the successful digital transformation. The core challenge today is how digital continuity can be maintained by connecting system models to system‐of‐systems models, especially when multiple parties are involved in their creation and exploration. This paper studies Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as the standard language to model systems, and Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) as the framework and Unified Architecture Framework Profile (UAFP) as the language to model system of systems and proposes an approach for transitioning from one to another in an integrated modeling environment.
Predicting failure events from crowd‐derived inputs: schedule slips and missed requirements
Authors: Georgalis Georgios , Marais Karen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystems engineers and project managers have a wide range of tools and approaches they use to assess risk, but these approaches have not helped to reduce failures as much as hoped. Post‐failure analyses may not be enough to prevent a future failure, even at the same organization. In this paper, we present a risk assessment prototype that goes beyond collecting information about the failures or failure causes themselves and aims to consider the human actions that lead to failure. Our method adds “crowd signals” to capture the human actions and behaviors that we know eventually lead to failures. Crowd signals are data derived from a set of questions that members of a project team answer, and are used as input for our prediction models. We collected data from 18 different engineering student projects at Purdue University and built two types of models: one to predict schedule failures and one for technical requirements failure.In both cases, we found that a failure during the previous week increases the likelihood of the same type of failure the following week. Some human behaviors such as students knowing more about their teammates, understanding all implications of their project actions, and not wasting time discussing trivial matters help reduce the likelihood of failures. In contrast, when students are not learning anything new through their involvement with the projects, postponing or cancelling required meetings or tasks, or having problems resurface due to poor solutions, the likelihood of failures increases. In future work, we intend to use the predictive models to provide feedback to the student teams. The work presented in this paper is part of ongoing research efforts to improve risk assessment approaches with the goal to test our methods with industry partners and evaluate the possibilities to integrate with their existing protocols.
A Framework for Identifying and Managing New Operational Requirements during Naval Vessel Batch‐Building Programs
Authors: Morris Brett A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne approach to building a class of naval vessels that has recently been adopted in Australia is to fix a design for a subset of the total number of vessels to be built. These subsets can be termed batches, or flights of vessels. The batch‐building approach allows incremental changes to be made to the design for the follow‐on batches and is analogous to evolutionary systems development. These design changes will be a response to updated operational requirements that typically result from the maturation of technology that needs to be integrated into the design or shifting geo‐political circumstances that change the capability needs. A third key driver of new operational requirements that is not currently managed in a robust, traceable manner is the need to adapt the design of the vessel to account for how it is actually being used in‐service. This need arises due to the potential mismatch between the operational scenarios and operational profiles developed during requirements definition activities and the operational profile the crew adopts when actually using the vessel in operations. Such a mismatch between the owner's original operational requirements and the in‐service operational profile can result in sub‐optimal outcomes for the vessel's performance.This paper investigates the research question: “how can new operational requirements be identified, managed and integrated to the design of follow‐on batches of vessels in a naval vessel batch‐building program?” The paper begins with an introduction into the effect a mismatched design and in‐service operational profile can have on vessel performance. It is followed by a review of the open literature covering naval vessel batch‐building and evolutionary system development. From this review, a high‐level framework for incorporating updated operational requirements based on in‐service operational data, new technology, or changes in strategic circumstances into the design of follow‐on batches in naval vessel batch‐building programs is synthesized. The paper concludes with some initial observations on how the framework's implementation could be supported by digital engineering and outlines key aspects that are required to support its implementation.
An Elaboration of Service Views within the UAF
Authors: Hause Matthew , Kihlström Lars‐Olof 
Published: September 2021

AbstractServices in the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) are not just software services. Services can include transport, surveillance, communications, providing healthcare and medical services, etc. The UAF implements DoDAF using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as well as the British MODAF and NATO NAF. The DoDAF Service views implement services by duplicating the systems views and labeling the systems elements as services. This causes some confusion with engineers who either implement solution‐based service views or ignore them completely. Even when implemented, they can cause confusion in the model as it becomes difficult to tell if a model element describes a service or a system implementing a service. The UAF implementation of the MODAF services views provides a distinct set of views, concepts and traceability. The Service Oriented Views do not specify how the service is to be implemented, but the requirements for the services. The Resources (Systems) Views implement services in various phases and their deployment will modify the configurations of the system at the very highest level. This paper will show how services views trace from capabilities and how that can be used to define system resource requirements.
From Brownfield to Greenfield Development – Understanding and Managing the Transition
Authors: Axehill Johanna Wallén , Herzog Erik , Tingström Johan , Bengtsson Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper describes our experience of developing a new system (Greenfield development) after continuously extending an existing one (Brownfield development) for a long time. Our experience however does not seem to be unique to our context. Complex systems tend to live longer and be continuously updated to stay relevant over many years. With this longevity there is a risk that there are few, if any, leaders who have experienced a previous transition from Brownfield to Greenfield development. The paper characterises how development changes and illustrates the organisational challenges during the transition. The paper also presents some indicators of an approaching transition to Greenfield development, together with some management strategies for preparing the organisation for a successful transition. A key message in the paper is that an organisation optimised for Brownfield development is inherently unsuitable for the challenges in Greenfield development.
Systems Thinking in Socially Engaged Design Settings: What Can We Learn?
Authors: Beebe Chanel , Kenley C. Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocially engaged design programs, community development coalitions, and intentional and unintentional design spaces are rich with expertise and thinkers that are developing solutions to very pressing, yet complicated problems. Little research is conducted on the expertise and sense‐making of the community partners present. The goal of this research endeavor is to unpack the ways various community partners make meaning of their design experiences by answering: What evidence of system's thinking can be seen in the way community partners describe their work or context? A qualitative research study has been conducted in which fifteen community partners have been observed and interviewed at various points of their engagement within socially engaged design programs. Resulting codes and competencies can be used to expand scholarly conceptions of community cultural wealth, social resistance and much more. Further, this research has implications for more novel and genuine ways to situate design learning within systems thinking competencies.
You Don't Save Money by Doing Less Testing – You Save Money by Doing More of the Right Testing!
Authors: Pickard Andrew C , Beasley Richard , Nolan Andy J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLike so many aspects of life, we are looking for value‐for‐money. But we need to consider the value in terms of both short and long‐term gains. Although certification standards require verification that requirements have been met, we need to recognize that verification is also there to bring value to a Project and to the business as a whole. However, prioritizing the value to the Project over the value to the Business can result in sub‐optimization and an overall higher cost to the Business. This paper examines a specific case, the prediction of the fatigue lives of critical parts in gas turbine engines, to illustrate the more general case of performing tests to calibrate models that then have general applicability across multiple Projects, rather than focusing testing on the needs of a specific Project. In some circumstances, testing may not even be the best approach to take; if some level of error escape into service is acceptable (unlike the life prediction example given in this paper) then more focus on requirements validation and design review may provide a more cost‐effective approach. This is where the linkage in a Systems Engineering model between requirements, functions, failure modes and effects analysis, verification test cases and available calibrated models can help with identifying opportunities and risks.
Ontology‐Based Search Engine For Simulation Models From Their Related System Function
Authors: MEJDAL Sara , PENAS Olivia , BARBEDIENNE Romain , PLATEAUX Régis , BISQUAY Mathieu , BRUNET Jean‐Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a highly competitive industrial environment, reducing development time while maintaining a low level of risk makes simulation‐based design an effective way to cope with the complexity of multidisciplinary systems. To accelerate the design cycle, capitalization and reuse processes can support the search for similar models in an existing database. Therefore, we propose to prototype a search engine for simulation models from system modeling. This paper focuses on the presentation of our initial works around an ontology‐based search engine of simulation models representing the behavior of a given system function. Algorithms and similarity metrics developed are based on both thesaurus reference functions associated with semantic relations, and on various port attributes. Finally, an implementation of the corresponding inference engine has been demonstrated in an autonomous vehicle case study.
Enhancing Enterprise Architecture with Resilience Perspective
Authors: Jnitova Victoria , Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Joiner Keith , Chang Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe research literature has found current Enterprise Architecture (EA) methods are limited in dealing with uncertainty and pathologies of complex systems to enable design and operation of a resilient enterprise. To some extent, EAs’ approaches persist in applying textbook plans and activities in the face of mounting evidence of changing circumstances and the challenges of uncertainty. They rely on a qualitative shift in assessment, priorities, or response strategy, that often lead to a ‘failure to adapt adequately.’ To address this gap in EA resilience representation, we have combined several prior research proposals to produce a wholistic Department of Defence Architecture Framework (DoDAF) resilience architecture and enhanced that with our original underpinning resilience framework. Despite still being in an ongoing major case study, our comprehensive resilience representation shows promise of assisting all enterprise stakeholders with adapting this representation to their capability systems. Doing so will better incorporate resilience considerations in capability systems’ design and likely help capability stakeholders to evolve capability systems with appropriate levels of resilience throughout their life cycle.
An Agile Systems Engineering Analysis of a University CubeSat Project Organization
Authors: Honoré‐Livermore Evelyn , Lyells Ron , Garrett Joseph L. , Angier Rock , Epps Bob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUniversity CubeSat projects become popular in recent decades, and face challenges that include both technical and sociotechnical aspects. However, these teams often lack the infrastructure and resources for having effective systems engineering or project management which are beneficial for addressing these challenges and developing complex systems, such as satellites. In this paper we present the results of an exploratory case study of a university CubeSat team developing an Earth Observation satellite. The Agile Decision Guidance method was applied to pinpoint parts of the project organization that could benefit from agile methods in three specific areas: customer problem space, solution space, and product development space. The results drew attention to areas such as; stakeholder management, knowledge and information management, and the support environment, that could benefit from an agile approach. We outline some of the plans to move forward and how the team responded to the analysis. We also discuss if the method was appropriate for academic small satellite organizations and adaptations of the method made during the assessment.