bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer expectation and responses to environmental sustainability initiatives and their impact in foodservice operations: A systematic review
Authors: Sullivan Vanessa S. , Smeltzer Madison E. , Cox Gregory R. , MacKenzie‐Shalders Kristen L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing pressure on the Earth's finite resources, there is significant demand for environmentally sustainable practices in foodservice. A shift to sustainable foodservice operations can decrease its environmental impact and may align with consumer expectations. This systematic review explored consumer expectations (attitudes pre‐intervention) and responses (behaviour, cognitive attitudes and affective attitudes post‐intervention) towards environmentally sustainable initiatives of foodservice operations.MethodsA systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted across MEDLINE, EMABASE, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. English and full‐text research articles published up to November 2019 were identified. Consumers’ expectations and responses to interventions were extracted. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).ResultsThirty‐three studies were included and, given the heterogeneity of the studies, the results were synthesised narratively. The main outcomes analysed included changes in behaviour and attitudes (cognitive and affective), including knowledge and satisfaction. Intervention strategies were interpreted and categorised into three groups: food waste reduction, single‐use item and packaging waste reduction, and initiatives related to menu, messaging and labelling. Most studies resulted in significant pro‐environmental changes towards decreasing food waste, decreasing single use‐item and packaging waste, as well as engaging consumers in sustainable eating.ConclusionsThere are a range of successful environmentally sustainable strategies that when implemented by foodservices can have a mostly positive impact on consumer attitudes and responses. However, positive consumer attitudes did not always translate to changes in behaviour. Foodservices should carefully consider implementing interventions that support changes in consumer behaviour.
Micro‐CT of the human ossicular chain: Statistical shape modeling and implications for otologic surgery
Authors: Bartling Mandolin L. , Rohani Seyed A. , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ossicular chain is a middle ear structure consisting of the small incus, malleus and stapes bones, which transmit tympanic membrane vibrations caused by sound to the inner ear. Despite being shown to be highly variable in shape, there are very few morphological studies of the ossicles. The objective of this study was to use a large sample of cadaveric ossicles to create a set of three‐dimensional models and study their statistical variance. Thirty‐three cadaveric temporal bone samples were scanned using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and segmented. Statistical shape models (SSMs) were then made for each ossicle to demonstrate the divergence of morphological features. Results revealed that ossicles were most likely to vary in overall size, but that more specific feature variability was found at the manubrium of the malleus, the long process and lenticular process of the incus, and the crura and footplate of the stapes. By analyzing samples as whole ossicular chains, it was revealed that when fixed at the malleus, changes along the chain resulted in a wide variety of final stapes positions. This is the first known study to create high‐quality, three‐dimensional SSMs of the human ossicles. This information can be used to guide otological surgical training and planning, inform ossicular prosthesis development, and assist with other ossicular studies and applications by improving automated segmentation algorithms. All models have been made publicly available.
Attitudes toward legal actors among dual system youth
Authors: Cavanagh Caitlin , LaBerge Alyssa , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe role of contact with the child welfare system (CWS) in legal socialization is not well understood. This is particularly true of youth who have contact with both the juvenile justice system and the CWS, known as dual system (DS) youth. Furthermore, much of the legal socialization research excludes Latinx youth, for whom legal socialization may function differently. Is CWS contact, compared to—and in addition to—juvenile justice system contact, associated with Latinx youths’ attitudes toward police and judges? The present study addresses this research question among a sample of 417 Latinx youth who had been arrested for the first time, 74 of whom were DS youth. Results indicated that DS youth perceive police as less biased, and both police and judges as more legitimate, than their juvenile justice system‐only counterparts. CWS contact was not associated with perceptions of situational procedural justice for police or judges, suggesting that CWS contact colors general attitudes toward legal actors’ bias and legitimacy, but not specific interactions with legal actors. The results suggest that CWS contact, above and beyond juvenile justice system contact, has a nuanced impact on children's legal socialization.
Genealogies of sociolinguistics in India
Authors: Satyanath Shobha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper reports on the changing phase of sociolinguistics in India. The early phase of sociolinguistically oriented research is located within the philological tradition of India which ruled the early phase of the modern linguistics activities. The next phase was led by Gumperz and Pandit, who were deeply influenced by Emeneau, particularly with reference to outcomes of stable bi/multilingualism. Post Pandit, sociolinguistics in India took a major applied turn which lasted for nearly three decades. Beginning 2000 saw a variationist wave in sociolinguistics in India which has got stronger over the years. The paper analyses the factors that were responsible for the various turns that Sociolinguistics took over time.
Performance of remote health education via WeChat to improve the pre‐operative nutritional status of infants with non‐restrictive ventricular septal defects: A prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: Lin Ze‐Wei , Liu Jian‐Feng , Xie Wen‐Peng , Zhang Qi‐Liang , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AimThis study aimed to explore the effect of performing remote health education via WeChat to improve the pre‐operative nutritional status of non‐restrictive ventricular septal defects (VSD).MethodsA prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a provincial maternity and child hospital in China. Participants were randomised regarding education to the intervention group (WeChat) and the control group (leaflets). The nutritional status and complications of the patients were compared after intervening for 1 month.ResultsNutrient status comparison at 1 month after intervention showed that the body weight, head circumference, haemoglobin, albumin and pre‐albumin of the WeChat group were significantly higher than those of the leaflet group (P < 0.05). The STRONGkids score of the WeChat group was significantly lower than that of the leaflet group (P < 0.05). The incidence of feeding intolerance and respiratory tract infection in the WeChat group was significantly lower than that found in the leaflet group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of liver insufficiency and jaundice between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionProviding pre‐operative feeding and care guidance for parents of infants with non‐restrictive VSD, via remote health education through WeChat, can effectively improve nutritional status and reduce the risk of malnutrition and feeding complications.
Long‐term exposure to cigarette smoke influences characteristics in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Tatsumi Mari , Yanagita Manabu , Yamashita Motozo , Hasegawa Shiori , Ikegami Kuniko , Kitamura Masahiro , Murakami Shinya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria accumulated in the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket. Cigarette smoking is a well‐established risk factor for periodontal disease, and periodontal tissues in smokers are chronically exposed to cigarette smoke on a long‐term basis.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the effects of long‐term exposure to nicotine or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on cellular functions of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).MethodsIn vitro‐maintained HGFs were divided into two groups. The HGFs of the short‐term and the long‐term culture groups were cultured for 4 and 25 days, respectively, in the presence or absence of nicotine, which is one of the main components of cigarette smoke, or CSC. The cellular proliferation and migration capacities of HGFs exposed to nicotine or CSC were evaluated by WST‐1 and wound healing assays. The effects of exposure to nicotine or CSC on the expression of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components, inflammatory cytokines, and senescence‐related genes were examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The cellular senescence of HGFs exposed to nicotine or CSC was detected by the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) assay. To explore the senescence‐associated microRNA (miRNA), we extracted miRNA from the HGFs and the expression profiles were examined by miRNA array.ResultsIn short‐term culture, no significant changes were observed. Long‐term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL‐6 and IL‐8 protein expression. Furthermore, long‐term nicotine or CSC exposure significantly increased the percentage of SA‐β‐gal‐positive HGFs. In addition, long‐term nicotine or CSC exposure reduced miR‐29b and miR‐199a expression to less than 50% of that in the unstimulated HGFs.ConclusionThese data suggest that long‐term smoking habits may reduce wound healing ability, modulate ECM protein homeostasis, stimulate the inflammatory response, and accelerate cellular senescence in HGFs, and consequently accelerate the progression of periodontal diseases.
Blood thiamine (vitaminB1), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and cortisol concentrations in healthy and ill neonatal foals
Authors: Wong David M. , Young Lauren , Dembek Katarzyna A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is common in foals and several treatments are used to facilitate recovery. Evidence in people suggests an association between low blood concentrations of thiamine, ascorbic acid, and cortisol and sepsis, with further evidence suggesting that administration of hydrocortisone, thiamine, and ascorbic acid may improve outcome. No information is available with regard to these treatments in foals.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare blood concentrations of thiamine, ascorbic acid, and cortisol in healthy and ill foals.AnimalsFifteen healthy and 27 ill (septic and sick‐nonseptic [SNS]) foals were evaluated at admission. Fewer healthy and ill foals were available for sampling at 72 and 120 hours.MethodsProspective study. Blood was collected from healthy foals at 12 (n = 15), 72 (n = 11), and 120 (n = 9) hours of age and from ill foals <48 hours old at admission (n = 27), 72 (n = 8), and 120 (n = 8) hours after presentation. Thiamine, ascorbic acid, and cortisol concentrations were measured in blood samples and compared between groups of foals.ResultsBlood concentrations of thiamine were significantly lower in septic compared to healthy foals at 72 (median, 1.72 ng/mL;P= .02) and 120 (median, 2.0 ng/mL;P = .04) hours after admission; blood concentrations of ascorbic acid also were significantly lower in septic compared to healthy foals at 72 (median, 4.4 μg/mL;P = .02) and 120 hours (median, 4.8 μg/mL;P = .03). Blood concentrations of ascorbic acid were lower in SNS compared to healthy foals at 72 (median, 6.9 μg/mL;P = .03) and 120 (median, 6.4 μg/mL;P = .04) hours after admission. Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly higher at admission in septic (median, 4.23 μg/dL) compared to SNS (median, 1.8 μg/dL;P = .01) and healthy (median, 2.2 μg/dL;P = .002) foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA potential association exists between illness in foals and lower blood concentrations of thiamine and ascorbic acid during hospitalization. Additional studies are needed to examine a larger population of foals and determine the clinical impact of low vitamin concentrations, if any, on morbidity and mortality.
Recent research progress on the role of ulinastatin in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wei Xuejiao , Zhu Xiaoyu , Jiang Lili , Long Mengtuan , Du Yujun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the continuous improvement in living standards, lifestyle changes and ageing of the population, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased significantly, and its prevention and treatment have become important public health issues worldwide. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological basis of CKD progression to end‐stage renal disease. Preventing the progression of renal fibrosis has always been the focus of clinical and scientific research. Ulinastatin is a serine protease inhibitor that is found in human blood and urine and inhibits the inflammatory response, regulates immunity and improves the microcirculation. It is widely used in patients with sepsis and septic shock in clinical practice. Recent studies have shown that ulinastatin can also play an important anti‐fibrotic and organ protective role and can provide a new therapeutic hope for CKD patients. This review mainly introduced the research progress of UTI in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis. By investigating the role of ulinastatin in CKD, we can determine the possible mechanisms for its renal protection and improvement of renal fibrosis, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of CKD.
Light fuels while nitrogen suppresses symbiotic nitrogen fixation hotspots in neotropical canopy gap seedlings
Authors: McCulloch Lindsay A. , Porder Stephen 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Mature neotropical lowland forests have relatively lower symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) rates compared with secondary forests. Canopy gap formation may create transient SNF hotspots in mature forests that increase overall SNF rates in these ecosystems, as canopy gaps are pervasive across the landscape and increasing in frequency. However, what environmental conditions are driving SNF upregulation in canopy gaps is unknown.

In a field experiment to test these potential environmental controls on SNF, we grew 540 neotropical nitrogen‐fixing legume seedlings (Pentaclethra macroloba, Zygia longifolia, and Stryphnodendron microstachyum) under manipulated light and soil nitrogen availability in canopy gaps and intact forests at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica.

Seedling biomass, nodule biomass, and SNF (g N seedling−1 h−1) were 4‐, 17‐ and 42‐fold higher, respectively, in canopy gaps than in the intact forest. Nitrogen additions decreased SNF, but light had a stronger positive effect. Upregulation of SNF in canopy gaps was driven by increased plant growth and not a disproportionate increased SNF allocation.

These data provide evidence that canopy gap SNF hotspots are driven, in part, by light availability, demonstrating a potential driver of SNF spatial heterogeneity. This further suggests that canopy gap dynamics are important for understanding the biogeochemistry of neotropical forests.
Linguistic meanings as cognitive instructions
Authors: Knowlton Tyler , Hunter Tim , Odic Darko , Wellwood Alexis , Halberda Justin , Pietroski Paul , Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural languages like English connect pronunciations with meanings. Linguistic pronunciations can be described in ways that relate them to our motor system (e.g., to the movement of our lips and tongue). But how do linguistic meanings relate to our nonlinguistic cognitive systems? As a case study, we defend an explicit proposal about the meaning of most by comparing it to the closely related more: whereas more expresses a comparison between two independent subsets, most expresses a subset–superset comparison. Six experiments with adults and children demonstrate that these subtle differences between their meanings influence how participants organize and interrogate their visual world. In otherwise identical situations, changing the word from most to more affects preferences for picture–sentence matching (experiments 1–2), scene creation (experiments 3–4), memory for visual features (experiment 5), and accuracy on speeded truth judgments (experiment 6). These effects support the idea that the meanings of more and most are mental representations that provide detailed instructions to conceptual systems.
The utility of native ureter in the management of ureteral complications in children after renal transplantation
Authors: Serrell Emily C. , Su Ruthie , O'Kelly Fardod , Semanik Michael , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUreteral complications after renal transplantation in children are a major source of morbidity. Management is complex and variable.MethodsWith IRB approval, health records were retrospectively reviewed of patients who: were <18 years, underwent kidney transplant between 1997 and 2017, had at least 2 years of follow‐up, and underwent interventions due to post‐transplant ureteral complications.ResultsOf 136 patients, seventeen (13%) required ureteral intervention due to stricture (n = 3), reflux (n = 12), or both (n = 2). Transplant occurred at median 10.5 years (3.1–14.7). Reconstruction occurred at median 10 months (7–15) after transplant. Pre‐existing bladder pathology was present in 6 (35%) patients. Four of five patients with strictures had at least one endoscopic balloon dilation. Ultimate management included reimplantation, ureteroureterostomy of native to transplant ureter, pyeloureterostomy to native ureter, multiple endoscopic interventions followed by a Boari flap, or multiple failed endoscopic interventions. Fourteen patients with VUR underwent reimplantation (n = 5), ureteroureterostomy of native to transplant ureter (n = 4), pyeloureterostomy to native ureter (n = 4), and one underwent endoscopic injection with Deflux of the transplant ureter. Only one patient had a non‐functioning graft due to ureteral complication. All patients were alive at follow‐up (median 17 years [12–19]).ConclusionsTransplant ureteral reflux and stricture are significant complications following pediatric renal transplantation and may require surgical management. In our population, reflux or stricture requiring ureteral reconstruction occurred in 10% and 4%, respectively. Endoscopic interventions were rarely successful. Native ureters were used for ureteral reconstruction in more than two thirds of patients should be considered in management of ureteral complications.
The hydrophobicity of mutations targeting D1:Val219 modifies formate and diuron binding in the quinone‐Fe‐acceptor complex of Photosystem II
Authors: Forsman Jack A. , Eaton‐Rye Julian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe D1:Val219 residue of Photosystem II in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 was mutated to alanine or isoleucine, creating the V219A and V219I mutants, respectively. Oxygen evolution was slowed in these mutants, while chlorophyllafluorescence induction assays indicated slowed electron transfer. As previously observed [Erickson J.M., Rahire, M., Rochaix, J.‐D. and Mets. L. (1985)Science, 228, 204–207], the V219I mutant was resistant to 3,4‐dichloro‐1,1‐dimethyl urea (DCMU); however, the V219A strain displayed no DCMU resistance. Additionally, the V219A strain was less sensitive to the addition of formate than the control, while the V219I strain was more sensitive to formate. Both mutant strains were susceptible to photodamage and required protein synthesis for recovery. We hypothesize that the sensitivity to DCMU and the extent of bicarbonate‐reversible formate‐induced inhibition, as well as the capacity for recovery in cells following photodamage, are influenced by the hydrophobicity of the environment associated with the Val219 residue in D1.
Return to work after coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Mortensen Michael , Sandvik Reidun K. N. M. , Svendsen Øyvind S. , Haaverstad Rune , Moi Asgjerd L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting surgery and aortic valve replacement surgery are essential treatment options for people suffering from angina pectoris or aortic valve disease. Surgery aims to prolong life expectancy, improve quality of life, and facilitate participation in society for the individuals afflicted. The aim of this review was to explore the literature on work participation in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement surgery, and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with returning to work.MethodsA scoping review framework of Arksey and O'Malley was chosen. Four electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies in English, Swedish, Danish or Norwegian between January 1988 and January 2020. A blinded selection of articles was performed. The data were then charted and summarized by descriptive numerical analyses and categorized into themes.ResultsForty‐five out of 432 articles were included in the final full‐text analysis. Absence from work following coronary artery bypass graft grafting or aortic valve replacement surgery lasted on average 30 weeks, whereas 34% of the patients never returned to work. Being female, suffering from pre‐existing depression, having limited secondary education, or low income were associated with decreased return to work rates. Previous employment was a decisive factor for returning to work after surgery. Data on return to work after aortic valve replacement were scarce.ConclusionsA significant number of patients never return to work following coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve surgery, and the time interval until work return is longer than expected. Failure to resume work represents a threat to the patients’ finances and quality of life. Nurses are in a unique position to assess work‐related issues and have an active part in the multi‐disciplinary facilitation of tailored occupational counselling after cardiac surgery.
HLA‐G expression correlates with histological grade but not with prognosis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Kaprio Tuomas , Sariola Hannu , Linder Nina , Lundin Johan , Kere Juha , Haglund Caj , Wedenoja Satu 
Published: May 2021

Trophoblast‐specific expression of HLA‐G induces immune tolerance for the developing fetus. Pathological HLA‐G expression later in life might contribute to immune escape of various cancers. We studied the still controversial role of HLA‐G in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using the MEM‐G/1 antibody and a tissue microarray series of CRC tumors (n = 317). HLA‐G expression appeared in 20% of the tumors and showed high intratumoral heterogeneity. HLA‐G positivity was associated with better differentiation (p = 0.002) and non‐mucinous histology (p = 0.008). However, HLA‐G expression alone showed no prognostic value: 5‐years disease‐specific survival among patients with HLA‐G expression was 68.9% (95% CI: 62.7%–75.0%) compared to 74.8% (95% CI: 63.2%–86.3%) among those without expression. These results support a modulatory role of HLA‐G in CRC.