bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a method for calculating the ultimate resistance force of a sand pad with a variable reinforcement pitch
Authors: Tatiannikov D A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the numerical simulation results of reinforced sand pads under load. During the simulation, the parameters of the soil base, the pad material, as well as the reinforcing materials varied. Based on the results of the study, a formula for determining the ultimate resistance force of a reinforced sand pad was set.
Obtaining and study of physicochemical properties of chitin/chitosan-melanin complexes from Hermetia illucens
Authors: Khayrova Adelya , Lopatin Sergei , Varlamov Valery 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The increase of organic wastes generated worldwide has become a global issue for the past years. Saprophagous insects including black soldier fly or Hermetia illucens have been a topic of interest among researchers due to their ability to recycle organic wastes. Once insect species mature, their biomass can be used to extract valuable biochemicals including chitin and melanin. In this study, the extraction schemes for obtaining chitin- and chitosan-melanin complexes from pupal exuviae and dead imagoes of Hermetia illucens were proposed, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. It was shown that black soldier fly can serve as a unique source of covalently bound chitosan-melanin complex with melanin content greater than 14%. In addition, the antioxidant activity of chitosan-melanin complex against DPPH activity was tested and compared to chitosan and melanin. It was revealed that chitosan-melanin complex possesses an enhanced antioxidant activity. These results suggested that black soldier fly is a promising source of chitosan-melanin complex with a high potential for cosmetic and biomedical applications.
Production of tungsten carbide powder by the reaction of tungsten with ethanol
Authors: Miroshnichenko M N , Kolosov V N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The possibility of synthesizing tungsten carbide powders by carburizing mesoporous tungsten powders using ethanol as a carbon source is shown. WC carbide was synthesized at the temperature of 730-900 °C, using argon or helium as a carrier gas in the interaction of tungsten with the products of thermal decomposition of ethanol. Carbide has a hexagonal crystal structure. The specific surface area of carbide powders reaches 13 m2⋅g−1. Their average crystallite size determined by the X-ray method is 17-25 nm.
APPLICATION OF ADHESIVES AND PLASMA MODIFICATION TO INCREASE THE ADHESIVE STRENGTH OF FIBROUS COMPOSITES
Authors: Timoshina Y A , Voznesensky E F , Karimullin I I , Latfullin I I , Kulevtsov G N , Krasina I V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is shown that the use of amino aldehyde oligomers as an adhesive in fibrous composite materials based on synthetic fibers leads to an increase in the adhesive interaction between components. Due to the limited wettability of the synthetic fiber filler with adhesives, it is advisable to carry out preliminary RF plasma treatment of fibers in a plasma-forming air medium. The matrix polymer and the adhesive have good mutual adhesion, and the lack of adhesion between the adhesive and the synthetic fibers is compensated by the formation of functional reactive groups on the surface of the synthetic fibers during RF plasma treatment.
Experimental investigation on the thermal resistance of thermotropic aromatic oligoesters
Authors: Deberdeev T R , Karimova L K , Kochemasova D V , Grishin S V , Shinkarev A A , Akhmetshina A I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymers based on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, aromatic dibasic acids, and aromatic diols via a high-temperature polycondensation are described. FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to evaluate a molecular weight of the samples that can be considered as oligoesters. The mesophase existence ranges of the samples were estimated by means of DSC and optical polarizing microscopy. Liquid crystalline oligoesters offer excellent thermal (T0 = 250-373 °C) properties. The macromolecules obtained contain reactive terminal groups and retain the ability to grow at elevated temperatures.
Functional properties of nanopowder nickel materials with trimodal porosity consolidated by sintering-dissolution method
Authors: Shustov V S , Zelensky V A , Ankudinov A B , Gnedovets A G , Alymov M I , Ustyukhin A S , Sudin V V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nanopowder nickel materials with trimodal porosity were consolidated in the sintering-dissolution process using bidispersed NaCl porogen powders. The dependence of the permeability of the fabricated porous nickel materials on the ratio of coarse and fine components of bidisperse porogen was investigated. The studies were carried out on samples made using 80 and 85 vol.% of porogen. It is shown that porous samples synthesized using a bidisperse porogen have lower permeability compared to those with a monodisperse porogen.
Hybrid approach to computer design “self-healing” ferritic steels: quantum mechanical calculations, statistical and physico-empirical models, thermodynamic optimization and forecasting
Authors: Udovsky A L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The analysis of experimental data on neutron-structural studies of the sigma-phase of the alloys of the Fe-Cr system, obtained by Yakel, was carried out, which made it possible to introduce the concept of coordination spheres with an average radius around atoms located on all five sublattices of the crystal structure of sigma-phase. This analysis made it possible to develop a simplified statistical three-sub-lattice model for the sigma-phase in order to calculate the structural and thermodynamic properties taking into account its homogeneity region in Fe-(Cr, V, Mo) systems. The functional of the free mixing energy of the sigma-phase is written down as a function of the pair energies of the atoms of the components located on different sublattices of the sigma-phase, as well as the configurational entropy in the Gorsky-Bragg-Williams approximation. A system of equations of state is obtained by minimizing the free energy functional over different configurations. The independent energy parameters of the model are calculated by “linking” to the results of quantum mechanical calculations of the total energy and mixing energy of the sigma-phase of stoichiometric compositions for the ground state relative to sigma-phases of pure components. The solution of the system of equations of state allows one to calculate the distribution of atoms of both components over all sublattices of the sigma-phase, thermodynamic properties depending on the composition and temperature. In order to take into account the effect of temperature on the magnetic component of the free energy of mixing for the sigma phase, within the framework of the Inden-Hillert-Jarl model, estimates of the mean magnetic moment and Curie temperature are made for both the sigma phase of the Fe and the concentration dependences in the Fe-V system.
Laser ablation synthesis and characteristics of Tm-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Osipov V V , Vasin D A , Tikhonov E V , Maksimov R N , Shitov V A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of nano-sized particles of thulium-doped gadolinium sesquioxide is reported. The nanopowder was obtained by laser ablation of solid target composed of a mixture of Tm2O3 and Gd2O3 powders using radiation of pulse-periodical CO2 laser. Morphological features, structural characteristics of nanoparticles and their densification behavior were investigated. It was shown that the as-synthesized nanopowder consists of loosely agglomerated particles with spherical shape and a diameter from 10 to 40 nm. It was revealed that the obtained sample is in the form of solid solution of Tm2O3 in Gd2O3 with monoclinic crystalline phase exhibiting the following lattice parameters: a = 14.095 Å; b = 3.571 Å c = 8.758 Å β = 100.182 °. Using X-ray diffraction analysis it was determined that, as opposed to other rare-earth sesquioxides (for instance, Y2O3 and Lu2O3), the phase transformation of monoclinic modification into cubic modification was not observed under thermal treatment at a temperature up to 1200 °C. This was also confirmed by an absence of stepwise variation in density of Tm:Gd2O3 compact which was evident for Gd2O3 sample prepared from powder with cubic phase and micro-sized particles.
Effect of fullerite powder size on the properties of composite materials synthesized at high pressure from iron-C60/70 mixtures
Authors: Lukina I N , Apostolova M O , Drozdova E I , Chernogorova O P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fullerite C60/70 particles of > 315, 315 – 125, 125–60, and < 60 μm in size were used for synthesis of composite materials (CM) from their mixtures with iron powder by heating to temperatures of 1200 – 1400 K at a pressure of 5 GPa. The effect of fullerite particle size in iron matrix on the formation of superelastic hard carbon phase after fullerene molecule collapse has been studied by the methods of high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, light microscopy, and microindentation. The coarsest particles prepared at 1200 K retain polymerized fullerites, while the finest particles prepared at 1400 K exhibit partial graphitization. Tribological tests showed that the wear resistance of the CM is determined by the degree of transformation completion, and the reinforcement effect increases with sand-paper grain refinement. Graphitization of the reinforcing particles leads to a decrease in wear resistance (by a factor of ∼3) at a retention of a relatively low friction coefficient. The most stable results (high wear resistance and friction coefficient of 0.18–0.3) are characteristic of the CM reinforced with carbon particles prepared from fullerites of medium size.
Sintering mechanism and activation energy of MgAl2O4 synthesized by preceramic organomagnesiumoxanealumoxan
Authors: Gumennikova E A , Titov D D , Shcherbakova G I , Pokhorenko A S , Lysenkov A S , Konovalov A A , Danilin K D , Kargin Yu F , Senina M O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A detailed study of the new method’s ceramic spinel powder was carried out in the paper. A thorough analysis of the oligomer pyrolysis temperature effect on the kinetics and sintering mechanism was carried out in this work. The dependence of the change in the shrinkage and the shrinkage rate of spinel samples during non-isothermal sintering at three heating rates-5, 10, 20 °C/min were obtained. Analyzing the obtained dependencies can be concluded that an increase in the pyrolysis temperature leads to a shift in the spinel shrinkage curves towards higher values of the sintering start temperature. The data obtained were used to determine the sintering parameter of spinel powder, which corresponds to the change in the dominant sintering mechanism from viscous flow to bulk diffusion, increasing the pyrolysis temperature.
Breeding of winter wheat for resistance to leaf rust in the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus
Authors: Kozyrev S G , Manukyan I R , Basieva M A , Miroshnikova E S , Dogusova N N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The decrease in the efficiency of most Lr-genes is associated with microevolutionary processes within the population and the emergence of new virulent races of the phytopathogen, which are capable of overcoming previously effective resistance genes. The article presents the results of a phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selection material of winter wheat for resistance to the causative agent of brown rust (Puccinia recondita Robex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of research was 20 varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 10-day-old wheat seedlings. Molecular markers were used for the following genes: Lr9 (SCS5), Lr10 (Fi.2245 / Lr10-6 / r2), Lr19/Sr25 (SCS265), Lr20 / Sr15 (STS638), Lr24 / Sr24 (Sr24 # 12), Lr34 / Sr57 (csLV34), Lr37 / Sr38 / Yr17 / Pch2 / Cre5 (Ventriup / LN2), Lr41 (GDM35), Lr47 (PS10). As a result of molecular screening, it was established that the Lr37 genes were identified in the List 25 cultivar; for the Myth variety-Lr10; for the Eltan variety-Lr10; Markola variety-Lr34; for the Malvina variety-Lr26; the variety Creator-Lr10; for variety DB 1/05-Lr10; the Evklid cultivar has the Lr10 gene; the variety Sumai aut-Lr34; in the Lebidka odes’ka variety-Lr34; Solara variety-Lr34; the variety Zhiva-Lr10, Lr34. When comparing the results of marker analysis with field resistance to leaf rust, a resistant type of reaction to infection (R) reaction (S) was observed in the Markola and Mallyska cultivars; medium susceptible type of reaction (MS)-in cultivars Lebidka odes’ka and Tvorets.
On the possibility of using the BactoSCREEN time-of-flight mass spectrometer to determine the resistance of microorganisms in agriculture
Authors: Semigonov A V , Glinushkin A P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the possibilities of using the BactoSCREEN mass spectrometer to determine the resistance of microorganisms in phytopathology. Examples and possibilities of using this mass spectrometer are considered. The scientific novelty of the work lies in considering the possibility of using the BastoSCREEN time-of-flight mass spectrometer in resistanceology, identifying the main features of this device- the speed of operation and the possibility of updating the database, as well as economic efficiency. As a result, this device is seen as a good alternative to traditional research methods.
LEAF-SPOTTING DISEASES AS A MATTER OF DAMAGE OF ALFALFA BREEDING POPULATIONS IN AN EVIDENT MULTIFOLIATE PHASE IN DIFFERENT CYCLES OF PHENOTYPIC RECURRENT SELECTION
Authors: Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Borodaeva Zh A , Markova E I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) is the most important forage crop for considerable amount of regions of the Russian Federation and throughout the entire world. Assessment of the stability and resistance of alfalfa varieties to a complex of leaf-spotting diseases under various environmental conditions is important for breeding programs as a tool for selecting the best varieties and breeding samples. In the course of a three-year experiment (2016-2018) there were tested the productivity and resistance to a complex of leaf spotting diseases of a commercial variety Krasnoyaruzhskaya 1 and breeding populations with high multifoliate expression (evident multi-leaf phase – mf-multi-leaf mutations) obtained on its basis in several cycles (I-III) of periodic (recurrent) selection. Six alfalfa-breeding populations were tested in two ecotopes on two soil differences: plot 1-ecotope of field crop rotation; plot 2-ecotope of a plowed meadow in the floodplain of the river Oskol in Chernyansky district, Belgorod region (meadow ecotope). The data obtained were analyzed by the method of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to a 2x4 scheme with the calculation of LSD 0.05. There were evaluated organized factors: factor A — selection feature: A1 (G) – high multifoliate expression (mf-mutation) without the manifestation of anthocyanin color of the stem (green color of the stem); A2 (AN) – high multifoliate expression (mf-mutation) with an evident anthocyanin color of the stem (purple color of the stem); factor B – a recurrence selection cycle: C-0, C-1, C-2, C-3. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the close relationships between the studied indicators. It has been established that three cycles of recurrent selection are effective for increasing multifoliate expression in alfalfa breeding populations without increasing inbreeding depression based on seed productivity. Multifoliate forms are resistant to the development of leaf-spotting diseases and their prevalence. The most stable are the forms in which selection for the expression of the mf-mutation was carried out simultaneously with the increase in the index of the anthocyanin color of the stem. For a more effective assessment of the resistance of alfalfa breeding populations to leaf-spotting in Central Russia, comparative testing must be carried out simultaneously under conditions of favorable ecotopes of field crop rotation with fertile black soil rich in humus (chernozem) and in adverse conditions of meadow ecotopes.
Determination of underground voids in the surface of the earth section
Authors: Pchelkin G A , Grevtseva A S , Diuldin M V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the negative factors that affects the performance of various works on the Earth’s surface are voids in the surface part of the earth’s section. They are formed for various reasons. In most cases, these reasons are associated with irresponsible human activities. This can be excavation through adits, groundwater abstraction, or a breakthrough of underground utilities. In some cases, a disturbance in the ecological balance leads to the fact that the rivers go underground. Large areas of earth and sandstone are washed away. There is a danger of a collapse of the territory. Heavy rains are exacerbating this situation. These formed voids must be identified in a timely manner. Therefore, in places of their possible formation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the territory. The paper proposes an easy-to-use method for detecting these voids by imaging using refracted waves. For this, the collected data was processed using two different techniques. In the first case, the correlation of the first peaks on all seismograms is performed. This made it possible to obtain a depth-velocity section. The second method consists in reducing the travel time curves of the first refracted wave and obtaining a summarized seismic section. In this case, voids are distinguished by the loss of correlation of the axes of in-phase of the reduced time. This allows you to identify even small voids that form under the soil. With the deterioration of the ecological state, more and more voids are formed. To eliminate them, it is necessary to take prompt measures.
Development of an optical method for determining the glassiness of brewing wheat for the production of environmentally friendly beer
Authors: Cheremisin A V , Logunov S E , Davydov M N , Makeev S S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A method has been developed for the objective assessment of the vitreousness of barley using computer vision technologies. An algorithm has been developed for determining the total glassiness of a barley sample based on the analysis of its digital images. The influence of the orientation of objects on the results of the algorithm is evaluated. The repeatability of the results for the same orientation of objects is estimated. For the first time, the function of evaluating the evenness of samples by the indicator “glassiness” has been implemented.
Damage Assessment Methods for Emergencies in rural areas and suburban zones
Authors: Sviatkina V I , Mozhayko A A , Duldin M V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article considers the use of Pareto distribution as one of the ways to assess the possible damage from rare and unique emergencies in rural and suburban areas. An approximation is made with the generalized emergency scale distribution function. The use of indicative and power distribution functions makes it possible to carry out an integral assessment of the probability of rare and unique emergencies, to assess the possible annual damage from them.
Productivity of a promising forage species Poterium polygamum Waldst. & Kit. in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania
Authors: Tsugkiev B G , Gagieva L Ch , Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a long-term study of Poterium polygamum Waldst. & Kit. when introduced into culture in the collection nursery of plants of the Research Institute of Biotechnology in the Botanical Garden of the Gorsk State Agrarian University (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) with the participation of the staff of the Botanical Garden of the Belgorod State University. The morphological features of P. polygamum are described: the structure of vegetative and generative organs. An assessment of the dynamics of the formation of aboveground phytomass, indicators of photosynthetic activity, productivity of the aboveground mass and seed productivity during the cultivation of P. polygamum under the conditions of culture is given. It has been established that the species P. polygamum, which is promising for fodder production, has a high bioresource potential under the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania and in culture can ensure the maintenance of the stability of cenopopulations throughout all the years of cultivation. The leaf area on average over four years of research was 48.5 thousand m2 (ha−1), photosynthetic potential-1.3 million m2 (ha−1), net productivity of photosynthesis-4.7 g (m−2) per day, yield of aboveground phytomass-321 q (ha−1) (r = 0.39-0.91). On average, when cultivated in culture, individuals of P. polygamum formed generative shoots-843.9 pcs. (m−2) per day; heads on 1 shoot-3.7 pcs.; seeds in 1 head-10.1 pcs.; seeds from 1 shoot-1.0 g; have a mass of 1000 seeds-8.6 g; seed yield-862.6 kg (ha−1). Seed productivity of P. polygamum varied from 773.3 to 947.8 pcs. per 1 m2. At the same time, the coefficient of seed productivity varied from 19.5 to 40.9%. Such stable productivity allows individuals of P. polygamum in natural conditions to withstand competition with other plants, and in culture makes the species promising for cultivation as a forage species.
Comparative Analysis of Nanostructure and Phase omposition of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Al85Ni7Fe4La4 Alloys after Complex Impacts of Deformation and Flash Lamp Annealing
Authors: Bakhteeva N D , Todorova E V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The structure and phase composition of an aluminum-based alloy Al-Ni-Fe-La with two types of initial structure (polycrystalline and amorphous) after complex action of plastic deformation and pulsed photonic processing were studied by metallography, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that in alloys of both types, after intensive plastic deformation (IPD), a multiphase nanostructural state is formed. In a polycrystalline alloy, IPD develops the dispersion of all phase components present in the alloy after quenching. In an amorphous alloy, IPD causes the development of partial multiphase crystallization, which is not completed in the entire range of the studied deformation parameters. The retained amorphous phase and high dispersion of all phase components in the amorphous alloy provide increased values of hardness in comparison with the hardness of a polycrystalline alloy under all investigated deformation modes. It is shown that preliminary deformation increases the stability of the amorphous alloy to temperature. Complex processing, including IPD and FLA, leads to additional hardening of alloys. The optimal mode of complex action on the structure, which ensures their maximum strength characteristics, has been determined. The hardness of the alloy with the initial amorphous structure remains higher in the entire investigated range of complex processing parameters.