bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ureterorenoscopic (URS) lithotripsy and balloon dilation cause acute kidney injury and distal renal tubule damage
Authors: Huang Ho-Shiang , Liu Chan-Jung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUreterorenoscopy (URS) is believed to be a safe and effective procedure to treat ureteral stone or ureteral stricture. Rapidly increased intrarenal pressure during URS may have a negative impact on the kidney, but the effect on renal functions is not well known. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether URS balloon dilation or lithotripsy would cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which was evaluated by urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renal tubular damage, which was evaluated by urine α glutathione S-transferase (GST) and πGST. This prospective study consisted of 207 patients with mean age 53.8 years old between September 2012 and June 2013. Four groups were included: the ureteral stricture group (group 1), the ureteral stone group (group 2), and two control groups. URS induced increased uNGAL on both Days 1 and 14 in both groups, and only elevated u-πGST levels were noted on Day 14 after URSL. On Day 14, the difference between low-grade and high-grade hydronephrosis was significant in group 1 (p < 0.001) rather than group 2 (p = 0.150). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, baseline eGFR, and stone size > 1.0 cm were associated with complete recovery of hydronephrosis after URS on Day 14. Ureteral stone patients with preserved renal function suffered more AKI (uNGAL) than those with impaired renal function. However, URS-related AKI had no significant difference between stone ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm subgroups. Besides, urine αGST and πGST were both significantly higher in stone > 1 cm subgroup when compared to ≤ 1 cm subgroup. In conclusion, URS laser lithotripsy and balloon dilatation all resulted in AKI and renal tubular damage on Day 14 though post-URS double-J (DBJ) stenting was performed in every patient.
Reduced axon caliber in the associative striatum of theSapap3knockout mouse
Authors: Lousada E. , Boudreau M. , Cohen-Adad J. , Oumesmar B. Nait , Burguière E. , Schreiweis C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPathological repetitive behaviors are a common feature of different neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. TheSapap3knockout mouse (Sapap3-KO) is the current reference model used in translational psychiatry to study co-morbid repetitive behaviors, presenting both compulsive-like as well as tic-like behaviors. Consistent with clinical and fundamental research literature relating compulsive-like symptoms to associative cortico-striatal dysfunctions and tic-like symptoms to sensorimotor cortico-striatal dysfunctions, abnormalities comprising both circuits have been described in this mouse model. Findings reported on these mice point towards not only macro-, but also micro-circuitry deficits, both of which can be affected by neuronal structural changes. As such, in the present study, we aimed to investigate structural changes in associative and sensorimotor striatal areas that could affect information conduction. We used AxonDeepSeg, an open-source software to automatically segment and measure myelin thickness and axon caliber, and found that axon caliber, the main contributor for changes in conduction speed, is specifically reduced in the associative but not the sensorimotor striatum of theSapap3-KO mouse. This smaller axon caliber inSapap3-KO mice is not a general neuronal feature of this region, but specific to a subpopulation of axons with large caliber. These results point to a primary structural deficit in the associative striatum, affecting signal conduction and consequent connectivity.
Brain Areas Affected by Intranasal Oxytocin Show Higher Oxytocin Receptor Expression
Authors: Habets Philippe C , Mclain Christabel , Meijer Onno C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuroimaging studies suggest that intranasal oxytocin (IN-OXT) may modulate emotional and social processes by altering neural activity patterns. The extent of brain penetration after IN-OXT is unclear, and it is currently under debate whether IN-OXT can directly bind central oxytocin receptors (OXTRs). We investigated oxytocin pathway gene expression in regions affected by IN-OXT on task-based fMRI. We found that OXTR is more highly expressed in affected than unaffected subcortical regions; this effect did not vary by task-type or sex. Cortical results revealed higher OXTR expression in regions affected by IN-OXT in emotional processing tasks and in male-only data. No significant differences were found in expression of the closely related vasopressin receptors. Our findings suggest that the mechanism by which IN-OXT may alter brain functionality involves direct activation of central OXTRs.
Male sex and age biases viral burden, viral shedding, and type 1 and 2 interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets
Authors: Francis Magen E. , Richardson Brian , McNeil Mara , Rioux Melissa , Foley Mary K. , Ge Anni , Pechous Roger D. , Kindrachuk Jason , Cameron Cheryl M. , Richardson Christopher , Lew Jocelyne , Cameron Mark J. , Gerdts Volker , Falzarano Darryl , Kelvin Alyson A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) hospitalizations and deaths disportionally affect males and the elderly. Here we investigated the impact of male sex and age by infecting adult male, aged male, and adult female ferrets with SARS-CoV-2. Aged male ferrets had a decrease in temperature which was accompanied by prolonged viral replication with increased pathology in the upper respiratory tract after infection. Transcriptome analysis of the nasal turbinates and lungs indicated that female ferrets had significant increases in interferon response genes (OASL, MX1, ISG15, etc.) on day 2 post infection which was delayed in aged males. In addition, genes associated with taste and smell such as RTP1, CHGA, and CHGA1 at later time points were upregulated in males but not in females. These results provide insight into COVID-19 and suggests that older males may play a role in viral transmission due to decreased antiviral responses.
The potential of ryegrass as cover crop to reduce soil N2O emissions and increase the population size of denitrifying bacteria
Authors: Wang Haitao , Beule Lukas , Zang Huadong , Pfeiffer Birgit , Ma Shutan , Karlovsky Petr , Dittert Klaus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilization is the major contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil, especially in post‐harvest seasons. This study was carried out to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size. A microcosm experiment was conducted with soil planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and bare soil, each with four levels of N fertilizer (0, 5, 10 and 20 g N m−2; applied as calcium ammonium nitrate). The closed‐chamber approach was used to measure soil N2O fluxes. Real‐time PCR was used to estimate the biomass of bacteria and fungi and the abundance of genes involved in denitrification in soil. The results showed that the presence of ryegrass decreased the nitrate content in soil. Cumulative N2O emissions of soil with grass were lower than in bare soil at 5 and 10 g N m−2. Fertilization levels did not affect the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. Soil with grass showed greater abundances of bacteria and fungi, as well as microorganisms carrying narG, napA, nirK, nirS and nosZ clade I genes. It is concluded that ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions in soils with moderate or high NO3− concentrations. This highlights the importance of cover crops for the reduction of N2O emissions from soil, particularly following N fertilization. Future research should explore the full potential of ryegrass to reduce soil N2O emissions under field conditions as well as in different soils.Highlights
This study was to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size;
Plant reduced soil N substrates on one side, but their root exudates stimulated denitrification on the other side;
N2O emissions were lower in soil with grass than bare soil at medium fertilizer levels, and growing grass stimulated the proliferation of almost all the denitrifying bacteria except nosZ clade II;
Ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions.
Benefits and harms of the new prostate cancer grade grouping on the prediction of long‐term oncological outcomes in patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Milonas Daimantas , Muilwijk Tim , Venclovas Zilvinas , Devos Gaëtan , Joniau Steven 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the new prostate cancer grade groups model provides significant predictive value and better patient stratification on tumor progression after radical prostatectomy compared with the former Gleason grading models.MethodsMen treated at a tertiary center by radical prostatectomy between 2005 and 2017 were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were clinical progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, C‐index and decision curve analysis were carried out using three‐tier (Gleason score 6, 7 and 8–10), four‐tier (Gleason score 6, 7, 8 and 9–10) and new grade groups model.ResultsIn total, 1759 men were included in the analysis. At a median of 87 months (interquartile range 51–134 months) of follow up, clinical progression was detected in 78 (4.4%) and cancer‐related death in 42 (2.4%) patients. The hazard ratio of clinical progression‐free was 2.3, 5.7, 5.2 and 29.5; the hazard ratio of cancer‐specific survival was 1.7, 3.2, 4.8 and 11.8 in the grade groups 2–5, relative to grade group 1, respectively. The grade groups model had higher C‐index in comparison with four‐ and three‐tier grading models for clinical progression‐free survival 0.88 versus 0.85 versus 0.83 and for cancer‐specific survival 0.82 versus 0.80 versus 0.80, respectively. In the decision curve analysis, the grade groups model shows marginally better net benefit on clinical progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival.ConclusionsThe new model shows better performance in comparison with former Gleason grading models on the prediction of long‐term oncological outcomes.
A Preliminary Study on the Simulation of Vortex Flow in Pump Intake Based on LBM-VOF-LES Combined Model
Authors: Guo Miao , Tang Xuelin , Li Xiaoqin , Wang Fujun , Shi Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method-large eddy simulation (LBM-LES) model was combined with the volume of fluid (VOF) method and used to simulate vortex flow in a typical pump intake. The strain rate tensor in the LES model is locally calculated utilizing nonequilibrium moments based on Chapman–Enskog expansion, and the bounce-back scheme is used for nonslip condition on the solid wall and VOF method for the free surface. The evolution of all kinds of cells on the free surface is based on the mass exchange in the VOF method, i.e., lattice Boltzmann-single phase (LB-SP) free surface model. The introduction of the external force terms is established through adding corresponding expressions on the right of the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE), and by modifying the velocity. The predicted vortex flow patterns (core location and strength of the vortex) and velocity correlate with the experiments undertaken with the physical model. A comparison of the results demonstrates the feasibility and stability of the model and the numerical method in predicting vortex flows inside pump intakes. The model developed and presented in this paper provides a new analysis method of vortex flow patterns in pump intake from a mesoscopic perspective, enriches the relevant technologies, and makes corresponding contributions to further engineering applications.
Anisovolumetric weathering in granitic saprolite controlled by climate and erosion rate
Authors: Riebe Clifford S. , Callahan Russell P. , Granke Sarah B.-M. , Carr Bradley J. , Hayes Jorden L. , Schell Marlie S. , Sklar Leonard S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractErosion at Earth’s surface exposes underlying bedrock to climate-driven chemical and physical weathering, transforming it into a porous, ecosystem-sustaining substrate consisting of weathered bedrock, saprolite, and soil. Weathering in saprolite is typically quantified from bulk geochemistry assuming physical strain is negligible. However, modeling and measurements suggest that strain in saprolite may be common, and therefore anisovolumetric weathering may be widespread. To explore this possibility, we quantified the fraction of porosity produced by physical weathering, FPP, at three sites with differing climates in granitic bedrock of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We found that strain produces more porosity than chemical mass loss at each site, indicative of strongly anisovolumetric weathering. To expand the scope of our study, we quantified FPP using available volumetric strain and mass loss data from granitic sites spanning a broader range of climates and erosion rates. FPP in each case is ≥0.12, indicative of widespread anisovolumetric weathering. Multiple regression shows that differences in precipitation and erosion rate explain 94% of the variance in FPP and that &gt;98% of Earth’s land surface has conditions that promote anisovolumetric weathering in granitic saprolite. Our work indicates that anisovolumetric weathering is the norm, rather than the exception, and highlights the importance of climate and erosion as drivers of subsurface physical weathering.
Socioeconomic disparities in prehospital factors and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Møller Sidsel , Wissenberg Mads , Starkopf Liis , Kragholm Kristian , Hansen Steen M , Ringgren Kristian Bundgaard , Folke Fredrik , Andersen Julie , Malta Hansen Carolina , Lippert Freddy , Koeber Lars , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gerds Thomas A 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIt remains unknown whether patient socioeconomic factors affect interventions and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and whether a socioeconomic effect on bystander interventions affects survival. Therefore, this study examined patient socioeconomic disparities in prehospital factors and survival.MethodsFrom the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry, patients with OHCA ≥30 years were identified, 2001–2014, and divided into quartiles of household income (highest, high, low, lowest). Associations between income and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 30-day survival with bystander CPR as mediator were analysed by logistic regression and mediation analysis in private witnessed, public witnessed, private unwitnessed and public unwitnessed arrests, adjusted for confounders.ResultsWe included 21 480 patients. Highest income patients were younger, had higher education and were less comorbid relative to lowest income patients. They had higher odds for bystander CPR with the biggest difference in private unwitnessed arrests (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.05). For 30-day survival, the biggest differences were in public witnessed arrests with 26.0% (95% CI 22.4% to 29.7%) higher survival in highest income compared with lowest income patients. Had bystander CPR been the same for lowest income as for highest income patients, then survival would be 25.3% (95% CI 21.5% to 29.0%) higher in highest income compared with lowest income patients, resulting in elimination of 0.79% (95% CI 0.08% to 1.50%) of the income disparity in survival. Similar trends but smaller were observed in low and high-income patients, the other three subgroups and with education instead of income. From 2002 to 2014, increases were observed in both CPR and survival in all income groups.ConclusionOverall, lower socioeconomic status was associated with poorer prehospital factors and survival after OHCA that was not explained by patient or cardiac arrest-related factors.
P-wave two-particle bound and scattering states in a finite volume including QED
Authors: Stellin Gianluca , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mass shifts for two-fermion bound and scattering P-wave states subject to the long-range interactions due to QED in the non-relativistic regime are derived. Introducing a short range force coupling the spinless fermions to one unit of angular momentum in the framework of pionless EFT, we first calculate both perturbatively and non-perturbatively the Coulomb corrections to fermion–fermion scattering in the continuum and infinite volume context. Motivated by the research on particle–antiparticle bound states, we extend the results to fermions of identical mass and opposite charge. Second, we transpose the system onto a cubic box with periodic boundary conditions and we calculate the finite volume corrections to the energy of the lowest bound and unbound$$T_1^{-}$$T1-eigenstates. In particular, power law corrections proportional to the fine structure constant and resembling the recent results for S-wave states are found. Higher order contributions in$$\alpha $$αare neglected, since the gapped nature of the momentum operator in the finite-volume environnement allows for a perturbative treatment of the QED interactions.
Classical and quantum $$(2+1)$$-dimensional spatially homogeneous string cosmology
Authors: Naderi F. , Rezaei-Aghdam A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce three families of classical and quantum solutions to the leading order of string effective action on spatially homogeneous$$(2+1)$$(2+1)-dimensional space-times with the sources given by the contributions of dilaton, antisymmetric gaugeB-field, and central charge deficit term$$\varLambda $$Λ. At the quantum level, solutions of Wheeler–DeWitt equations have been enriched by considering the quantum versions of the classical conditional symmetry equations. Concerning the possible applications of the obtained solutions, the semiclassical analysis of Bohm’s mechanics has been performed to demonstrate the possibility of avoiding the classical singularities at the quantum level.
Phase separation and exotic vortex phases in a two-species holographic superfluid
Authors: Yang Wei-Can , Xia Chuan-Yin , Zeng Hua-Bi , Zhang Hai-Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt finite temperature, the stable equilibrium states of coupled two-component Bose Einstein condensations (BECs) with the same conformal mass in both non-rotating and rotating condition can be obtained by studying its real dynamics via holography. The equilibrium state is the state where the free energy reaches the minimum and does not change any more. In the case of no rotation, the spatial phase separated states of the two components become more stable than the miscible condensates state when the direct repulsive inter-component coupling constant $$\eta>\eta _c>0$$

η
>

η
c

>
0

. Under rotation, the quantum fluid reveals four equilibrium structures of vortex states by varying the $$\eta $$
η
from the miscible region to the phase separated region. Among the four structures, the vortex sheet solution is the most exotic one that appears in the phase separated region.
Análise das práticas de governança corporativa e sua relação com o compartilhamento do conhecimento nas instituições do terceiro setor
Authors: Conduta Luis Fernando , Vitoriano Marcia Cristina de Carvalho Pazin 
Published: January 2021

As mudanças ocorridas no cenário empresarial brasileiro, com a ampliação da complexidade de sua atuação e surgimento de novos atores no ambiente organizacional têm influenciado diretamente as organizações do Terceiro Setor, representadas por fundações e associações que, assim como as empresas, necessitam de boas práticas de governança, o que inclui o compartilhamento de conhecimento. Em função desse contexto surge o problema de pesquisa que se traduz nas seguintes questões: as associações assistenciais atendem as exigências trazidas pela prática de Governança Corporativa? Elas apresentam em sua estrutura os pilares de Gestão do Conhecimento e esses promovem o compartilhamento de conhecimento nessas instituições? Considerando essas questões o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar as atividades das Associações Assistenciais, buscando compreender se essas instituições possuem os pilares necessários para a aplicação das práticas de Governança Corporativa bem como se essas práticas promoverão o compartilhamento do conhecimento nessas instituições. A metodologia caracteriza-se como qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. Como método de pesquisa foi utilizado o estudo de caso múltiplo, tendo como universo de pesquisa um conjunto de associações de cunho assistencial localizadas no munícipio de Curitiba-PR. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as Associações estudadas compreendem a importância das boas práticas de Governança Corporativa e seguem alguns de seus princípios, atendendo parcialmente aos pilares, de forma intrínseca ou não; têm ciência da aplicação ou aplicam-nos mesmo sem os conhecer, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que as organizações estudadas atendem parcialmente, às exigências expostas pela Governança Corporativa, mesmo que muitas vezes o façam de maneira instintiva.
Constitutionalism in Poetry, Poetry in Constitutionalism: Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s Imagining of Contemporary Constitutional Movements
Authors: Gösken Urs 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the sociocultural and historical context in which the Egyptian poet Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm (c. 1872–1932) represented contemporary constitutional movements in the Muslim world, with special emphasis on developments in the Ottoman Empire and in late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century Egypt – back then, at least nominally, still a part of it – and extending to Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. References in Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s poetry to constitutionalism in Japan will also be discussed in order to point out that the poet, while closely following constitutional movements in the Ottoman Empire and in Iran, in fact viewed constitutionalism as an historical process transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. Therefore, we shall also try to identify the general idea of history underlying Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s portrayal of constitutionalism. Comparative references to constitutional poetry in Iran of that time are intended to point out the supra-regional dimension both of constitutionalism itself and of poetical modes of imagining it. Likewise, this approach is designed to make the point that constitutional poetry in the Muslim world at that time was more than just poetic commentary on constitutional movements; it was itself part of them.