bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Good People with Good Intentions”: Deconstructing A Post-Secondary Institution’s Sexual Violence Policy Construction
Authors: Shankar Irene , Tavcer D. Scharie 
Published: March 2021

This exploratory study investigates the bodies tasked with constructing sexual violence policies within a post-secondary institution (PSI). Our findings indicate that allocated committees prioritize institutional risk management, normalize confusion, and most members have little or no understanding of the intersectionality of violence. These findings contextualize PSI's failure to address structural violence. Our recommendations urge PSIs to include subject experts, consult with existing service providers, and integrate research on the intersectionality of sexualized violence within their policy and program construction.
The kinematic analysis of the lower limb during topspin forehand loop between different level table tennis athletes
Authors: He Yuqi , Lyu Xiang , Sun Dong , Baker Julien S. , Gu Yaodong 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTopspin is one of the most attacking stroke in table tennis sport. The aim of this research was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limb (driving leg) during topspin forehand loop in different playing level table tennis athletes.MethodsTen male table tennis athletes performed topspin forehand loop shots with maximal force to hit the ball that was played by a professional table tennis coach. The three-dimensional Vicon motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematic information.ResultsThe key findings from this research indicate that there were no significant differences in motion time between elite athletes (EA) and medium athletes (MA) during the entire phase (P= 0.784). EA showed significantly less knee (P< 0.001) as well as hip (P< 0.001) flexion in the BS stage when contrasted to MA, with a significant larger ankle varus (P= 0.003) as well as eversion (P< 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. EA displayed a significant larger angular changing rate of ankle dorsiflexion (P< 0.001) and varus (P< 0.001) in the BS stage with ankle plantar flexion as well as eversion during the FS stage, with a significant larger ankle internal rotation (P= 0.003) and external rotation (P< 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. Furthermore, EA showed significantly larger ankle dorsiflexion (P= 0.001) as well as plantarflexion (P< 0.001) ROM in the BS and FS phase respectively compared with MA.ConclusionAnkle activities in the all plane displayed significant differences in kinematic characteristics between EA and MA. MA should pay attention to the function that ankle played in the kinetic chain, such as training the lower limb muscle rapid reaction ability to improve the energy transfer efficiency and capability of the kinetic chain.
Haematological Study on the Effects of Goko Cleanser (Herbal Mixture) on Adult Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Onyejike Darlington Nnamdi , Chidera McWilliams, Winifred , Ifeyinwa Mmaju, Chidinma , Nnamdi Okeke, Somadina , Justicia Obiesie, Ifechukwu , Elizabeth Eze, Chinyere 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Goko cleanser is one of the popular herbal mixtures used by the Nigerian populace. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of this herbal mixture on some haematological parameters of adult female Wistar rats.
Methodology: A total of twenty five Wistar rats weighing about 160 – 280g were divided into five groups according to their corresponding weights. The groups were designated as groups 1 – 5. Group 1 served as the control group, while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 1000mg/Kg, 1500mg/Kg, 2000mg/Kg and 4000mg/Kg respectively.
Results: The TWBC, PCV, PLATELET count, and RBC and Hb showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase for the test groups 2 – 5 when compared to the control group. The body weight had a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in groups 2, 4, and 5; while group 3 had a statistically insignificant (p>0.05) decrease.
Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that Goko Cleanser contains some haemopoietic benefits, but inhibit appetite centres. Hence, this study recommends that further study be carried out on the effects of this herbal mixture on the brain so as to reveal the extent of its effect on the appetite centres.
The Prescribing Pattern of Medications in Ear, Nose and Throat Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of medications in ear, nose and throat outpatient department of a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: The present retrospective study included collecting data from outpatient pharmacy prescriptions from a public hospital in Alkharj. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and the descriptive data was represented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (79.12%). Most of the medications were prescribed as Tablet/Capsule (39.06), Nasal Drop (20.03) and Nasal Spray (16.00%). The most prescribed medication was budesonide (16.16%) followed by xylometasoline (11.62%), paracetamol (11.45%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic Acid (9.60%)
Conclusion: The study revealed that the most common classes of drug prescribed for E.N.T patients were steroids such as budesonide, antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and decongestants such as xylometasoline. It is important to increase the awareness of healthcare providers and patients about these drugs. It is also important to monitor medications prescribing to make sure that they are prescribed and used appropriately.
Highly Stable and Active Solid‐Solution‐Alloy Three‐Way Catalyst by Utilizing Configurational‐Entropy Effect
Authors: Kusada Kohei , Wu Dongshuang , Nanba Yusuke , Koyama Michihisa , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Tran Xuan Quy , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Ito Ayano , Sato Katsutoshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Seo Okkyun , Song Chulho , Chen Yanna , Palina Natalia , Kumara Loku Singgappulige Rosantha , Hiroi Satoshi , Sakata Osami , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince 1970, people have been making every endeavor to reduce toxic emissions from automobiles. After the development of a three‐way catalyst (TWC) that concurrently converts three harmful gases, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), Rh became an essential element in automobile technology because only Rh works efficiently for catalytic NOx reduction. However, due to the sharp price spike in 2007, numerous efforts have been made to replace Rh in TWCs. Nevertheless, Rh remains irreplaceable, and now, the price of Rh is increasing significantly again. Here, it is demonstrated that PdRuM ternary solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit highly durable and active TWC performance, which will result in a significant reduction in catalyst cost compared to Rh. This work provides insights into the design of highly durable and efficient functional alloy NPs, guiding how to best take advantage of the configurational entropy in addition to the mixing enthalpy.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence beyond Through‐Bond Charge Transfer for High‐Performance OLEDs
Authors: Xue Qin , Xie Guohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharge transfer plays an important role in ruling the exciton dynamics of organic emitters. Most likely, intermolecular/intramolecular charge transfers occur when a donor meets a matched acceptor, which shapes the radiative decays of excitons. The generation and utilization of excitons are vital for organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, which harvest the triplets via reverse intersystem crossing and thus have attracted intensive attention in the last decade, are very promising to address the issue of cost‐effectiveness in the commercialized OLEDs. Conventionally, intramolecular charge transfer via through‐bond interaction is ubiquitous in the state‐of‐the‐art TADF materials. Alternatively, through‐space charge transfer via either intermolecular or intramolecular interaction is found to be unique and effective in modulating the luminescent properties, such as the emissive colors, exciton lifetimes, and quantum yields. The emerging approaches to evoke the TADF mechanisms beyond through‐bond charge transfer in a single molecule and the related applications of the emitters in OLEDs are highlighted here. The timely and fashionable molecular design and device engineering regarding through‐space charge transfer to the emitting layers in OLEDs are compared and discussed. Finally, a conclusion and the perspectives of the electroluminescence of novel through‐space systems are proposed.
Development of a Radical Silylzincation of (Het)Aryl‐Substituted Alkynes and Computational Insights into the Origin of the trans‐Stereoselectivity
Authors: Romain Elise , de la Vega‐Hernández Karen , Guégan Frédéric , Sanz García Juan , Fopp Carolin , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Gerard Hélène , Jackowski Olivier , Halbert Stéphanie , Oestreich Martin , Perez‐Luna Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAryl‐ and hetaryl‐substituted acetylenes undergo regio‐ and stereoselective silylzincation by reaction with [(Me3Si)3Si]2Zn in the presence of Et2Zn (10–110 mol%) as additive. The distinctive feature of this addition across the C−C triple bond is its trans stereoselectivity. The radical nature of the silylzincation process is supported by diagnostic experiments and DFT calculations, which also corroborate the role played by steric effects to obtain that stereoselectivity. The procedure can be combined in one‐pot with the copper(I)‐mediated electrophilic substitution of the C(sp2)−Zn bond, with retention of the double bond geometry. This makes it valuable for the synthesis of stereodefined di‐ and trisubstituted vinylsilanes.magnified image
Robust Photocatalytic Method Using Ethylene‐Bridged Flavinium Salts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates
Authors: Pokluda Adam , Anwar Zubair , Boguschová Veronika , Anusiewicz Iwona , Skurski Piotr , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract7,8‐Dimethoxy‐3‐methyl‐1,10‐ethylenealloxazinium chloride (1a) was found to be a superior photooxidation catalyst among substituted ethylene‐bridged flavinium salts (R=7,8‐diMeO, 7,8‐OCH2O‐, 7,8‐diMe, H, 7,8‐diCl, 7‐CF3 and 8‐CF3). Selection was carried out based on structure vs catalytic activity and properties relationship investigations. Flavinium salt 1a proved to be robust enough for practical applications in benzylic oxidations/oxygenations, which was demonstrated using a series of substrates with high oxidation potential, i. e., 1‐phenylethanol, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane and diphenylmethanol derivatives substituted with electron‐withdrawing groups (Cl or CF3). The unique capabilities of 1a can be attributed to its high photostability and participation via a relatively long‐lived singlet excited state, which was confirmed using spectroscopic studies, electrochemical measurements and TD‐DFT calculations. This allows the maximum use of the oxidation power of 1a, which is given by its singlet excited state reduction potential of +2.4 V. 7,8‐Dichloro‐3‐methyl‐1,10‐ethylenealloxazinium chloride (1 h) can be used as an alternative photocatalyst for even more difficult substrates.magnified image
Hf‐ and Ti‐Based Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Dielectrics Synthesized via Chemical Vapor Phase for Advanced Gate Stack in Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Kim Min Ju , Lee Changhyeon , Jeong Jaejoong , Kim Seongho , Lee Tae In , Shin Eui Joong , Hwang Wan Sik , Im Sung Gap , Cho Byung Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo achieve the low power operation required by various high performance flexible electronics, such as switching and memory devices, advanced gate dielectrics should be ultra‐thin, flexible, with low gate leakage current. Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics are proposed to realize this combination of attributes, where the organic matrix contributes outstanding mechanical flexibility and the inorganic component provides the required electrical characteristics. Among candidate inorganic components, HfOx and TiOx are particularly attractive because of their high dielectric constant (high‐k) and wide/narrow energy bandgap. Flexible Hf and Ti hybrid high‐k dielectrics are synthesized in this work via an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process, where 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate (HEMA) and tert‐butyl peroxide (TBPO) are used as monomers and initiators, respectively. The synthesized Hf hybrid dielectrics exhibit a high‐k value of 9.6, leakage currents below 1.0 × 10–6 A cm–2 at 2 MV cm–1, bandgaps of 5.9 eV, and electrical breakdown fields over 3 MV cm–1. The synthesized Ti hybrid dielectrics exhibit the highest k‐value of 13.0 and decent currents below 1.0 × 10–4 A cm–2 at 2 MV cm–1 due to its narrow bandgap of 3.8 eV, making it suitable for use as a charge trapping layer for flexible memory devices, rather than as a gate dielectric. n‐type and p‐type organic thin film transistors (OTFT) prepared with the Hf hybrid dielectrics exhibit typical transfer and output characteristics, even under tensile stresses as high as 2.0% strain. Under the mechanical stress condition of 2.0% tensile strain, no noticeable degradation is observed in the Hf hybrids in terms of saturation mobility (μsat), subthreshold swing (S.S.), interface trap density (Dit), threshold voltage (VT), or hysteresis. These results show that the Hf and Ti hybrid dielectrics can enhance the performance of flexible electronics.
Curated collection for clinician educators: Six key papers on residency recruitment
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin H. , Alvarez Al’ai , Bianchi Riccardo , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Jewell Corlin , Kalantari Annahieta , Lee Eric , Miller Danielle , Quinn Antonia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAll emergency medicine (EM) residency programs must recruit new medical school graduates each year. The process is often overwhelming, with each program receiving far more applicants than available positions. We searched for evidence‐based best practices to guide residency programs in screening, interviewing, and ranking applicants to ensure a high‐performing and diverse residency class.MethodsA literature search was conducted on the topic of residency recruitment, utilizing a call on social media as well as multiple databases. After identifying relevant articles, we performed a modified Delphi process in three rounds, utilizing junior educators as well as more senior faculty.ResultsWe identified 51 relevant articles on the topic of residency recruitment. The Delphi process yielded six articles that were deemed most highly relevant over the three rounds. Transparency with selection criteria, holistic application review, standardized letters of evaluation, and blinding applicant files for interviewers were among noted best practices.ConclusionsWell‐supported evidence‐based practices exist for residency recruitment, and programs may benefit from understanding which common recruitment practices offer the most value. The articles discussed here provide a foundation for faculty looking to improve their program's recruiting practices.
Extrapyramidal signs and Alzheimer's disease prognosis in a multiethnic, community‐based sample of demented elders
Authors: Kociolek Anton J. , Fernandez Kayri K. , Jin Zhezhen , Cosentino Stephanie , Zhu Carolyn W. , Gu Yian , Stern Yaakov 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionExtrapyramidal signs (EPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with worse outcomes in observational studies of dementia. Less research has been conducted on ethnic minority and non‐clinic‐based populations.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐two multiethnic community‐dwelling participants with dementia were selected. Adjusted Cox models were fitted for mortality, cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination ≤10), functional (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale ≥10), and dependency (needs full‐time care) endpoints with baseline EPS as predictor.ResultsThirty‐seven participants (26.06%) had EPS at baseline. EPS predicted more rapid time to death (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49, 5.42), and functional endpoint (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.75, 8.62) but not cognitive and dependency endpoints. No evidence of interaction by ethnicity, age, sex, education, or apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism was found.DiscussionOur results partially confirm previous studies on predominantly White, clinic‐based samples. Further research is needed to better understand the etiological role of EPS in AD.
A metamodeling approach for the simulation of energy and media demand for the brewing industry
Authors: Bär Raik M. , Voigt Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to economic, social and technical trends, as well as rising energy costs, the food and beverage industry is challenged to work energy‐efficiently. Small and medium‐sized enterprises in particular lack of both time and knowledge to identify and implement suitable energy efficiency measures. With the help of simulation, decision‐makers can pursue numerous approaches and make well‐founded decisions. A metamodel based on four modeling pillars (physical‐, process‐, article/recipe‐, and production plan model) for an entire production system concerning the forecast of energy and media consumption is presented. The metamodel is implemented in a user‐friendly modeling tool, which enables a simple hybrid modeling without prequalification of the user. Subsequently, a standardized data exchange file, as basis for a simulation model, is generated. For validation, various use cases were modeled and the tool was validated using a systematic test. In addition, two simulation studies were performed to show that the presented approach provides the opportunity to create a holistic model in terms of forecasting energy and media consumption.
Free‐Radical Membrane Protein Footprinting by Photolysis of Perfluoroisopropyl Iodide Partitioned to Detergent Micelle by Sonication
Authors: Cheng Ming , Guo Chunyang , Li Weikai , Gross Michael L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA free‐radical footprinting approach is described for integral membrane protein (IMP) that extends, significantly, the “fast photochemical oxidation of proteins” (FPOP) platform. This new approach exploits highly hydrophobic perfluoroisopropyl iodide (PFIPI) together with tip sonication to ensure efficient transport into the micelle interior, allowing laser dissociation and footprinting of the transmembrane domains. In contrast to water soluble footprinters, PFIPI footprints both the hydrophobic intramembrane and the hydrophilic extramembrane domains of the IMP vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). The footprinting is fast, giving high coverage for Tyr (100 %) and Trp. The incorporation of the reagent with sonication does not significantly affect VKOR's enzymatic function, and tyrosine iodination does not compromise protease digestion and the subsequent analysis. The locations for the modifications are largely consistent with the corresponding solvent accessibilities, recommending this approach for future membrane protein footprinting.
Dense‐Stacking Porous Conjugated Polymer as Reactive‐Type Host for High‐Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Yang Yangyuchen , Lai Chen , Li Runlai , Xu Haomin , Tan Darren H. S. , Zhang Kun , Yu Wei , Fjeldberg Oeystein , Lin Ming , Tang Wei , Meng Ying Shirley , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommercialization of the lithium‐sulfur battery is hampered by bottlenecks like low sulfur loading, high cathode porosity, uncontrollable Li2Sx deposition and sluggish kinetics of Li2S activation. Herein, we developed a densely stacked redox‐active hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) polymer with a surface area of 302 m2 g−1 and a very high bulk density of ca. 1.60 g cm−3. Uniquely, HATN polymer has a similar redox potential window to S, which facilitates the binding of Li2Sx and its transformation chemistry within the bulky polymer host, leading to fast Li2S/S kinetics. The compact polymer/S electrode presents a high sulfur loading of ca. 15 mgs cm−2 (200‐μm thickness) with a low cathode porosity of 41 %. It delivers a high areal capacity of ca. 14 mAh cm−2 and good cycling stability (200 cycles) at electrolyte–sulfur (E/S) ratio of 5 μL mgs−1. The assembled pouch cell delivers a cell‐level high energy density of 303 Wh kg−1 and 392 Wh L−1.
Dual Active Sites on Molybdenum/ZSM‐5 Catalyst for Methane Dehydroaromatization: Insights from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Wei , Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Wang Weiyu , Li Shenhui , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Xu Jun , Deng Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMethane dehydroaromatization (MDA) on Mo/ZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst is promising for direct transformation of natural gas. Understanding the nature of active sites on Mo/ZSM‐5 is a challenge for applications. Herein, using1H{95Mo} double‐resonance solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, we identify proximate dual active sites on Mo/ZSM‐5 catalyst by direct observation of internuclear spatial interaction between Brønsted acid site and Mo species in zeolite channels. The acidic proton–Mo spatial interaction is correlated with methane conversion and aromatics formation in the MDA process, an important factor in determining the catalyst activity and lifetime. The evolution of olefins and aromatics in Mo/ZSM‐5 channels is monitored by detecting their host–guest interactions with both active Mo sites and Brønsted acid sites via1H{95Mo} double‐resonance and two‐dimensional1H–1H correlation NMR spectroscopy, revealing the intermediate role of olefins in hydrocarbon pool process during the MDA reaction.
Self‐Assembly of Nanographenes
Authors: Matsumoto Ikuya , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuitably decorated small aromatic systems can organize stacked structures that display interesting properties arising from their unique morphologies. Although nanographenes produced by top‐down methods have graphitic domains and can in principle be applied for such supramolecular systems, to our knowledge, no such example has been reported thus far. This is partly because of their limited solubility in organic solvents and partly because of their wide lateral size distribution. To realize nanographene‐based supramolecular aggregates, nanographenes carrying alkyl chains with narrow lateral size distributions are employed. We find that the nanographenes undergo self‐assembly and that self‐assembly is regulated by concentration, solvent polarity, temperature, and sonication. Optical measurements and AFM images indicate that stacked structures are possible candidates for aggregates. A molecular mechanics calculation models the interactions in the aggregates. The nanographenes showed concentration‐dependent morphologies on mica, stacked structures at low concentrations and polymer‐like network structures on mica at higher concentrations.
Scalable Total Synthesis, IP3R Inhibitory Activity of Desmethylxestospongin B, and Effect on Mitochondrial Function and Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Podunavac Maša , Mailyan Artur K. , Jackson Jeffrey J. , Lovy Alenka , Farias Paula , Huerta Hernan , Molgó Jordi , Cardenas Cesar , Zakarian Armen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe scalable synthesis of the oxaquinolizidine marine natural product desmethylxestospongin B is based on the early application of Ireland–Claisen rearrangement, macrolactamization, and a late‐stage installation of the oxaquinolizidine units by lactam reduction. The synthesis serves as the source of material to investigate calcium signaling and its effect on mitochondrial metabolism in various cell types, including cancer cells.