bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Cases in Adama, Boset and Lume Districts of East Shawa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hulluka Temesgen File , Chala Bayisa Chala 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. Of the five human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the two co-endemic predominant and widely distributed species in Ethiopia greatly affecting public health and socio-economic development. Even though enormous effort have been made countrywide to reduce the disease burden little has been reported about trends of malaria transmission in the several localities of malarious areas like East Shawa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing five- year (2016-2020) trends of malaria transmission at Adama, Boset and Lume districts of East Shawa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. MethodsRetrospective data were collected from the central surveillance of East Shawa Zone Health Office. The data collected was analyzed from September 2020 to December 2020 to examine trends of malaria epidemiology in three malarious districts in the Zone. The result shows, although a remarkable decrease in slide positivity rate (SPR) from (47.8 to 7.9%) and prevalence rate (6 to 1%) in the area, a recent slight increase of malaria SPR and prevalence was observed. Male individuals, particularly the productive section of the society (fifteen years and above age group) were more infected (60%), where falciparum, vivax and mixed malaria cases accounted for (53%), (41%), and (6%) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendations: Although reduction of malaria incidence was recorded in the study area, and higher malaria prevalence compared to the report of the national malaria indicator survey and inconsistency of the reduction rate noted in the study area demands due attention in the sector.
The Endometriotic Nodule Has Lower T-cadherin, E-cadherin, Progesterone Receptor and Oestrogen Receptor Than Endometrioma Tissue
Authors: Biyik Ismail , Kalkan Uzeyir , Simsek Sercan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective:To compare the T-cadherin, E-cadherin, PR and ER staining levels of endometriotic nodules, ovarian endometriomas and normal endometrial tissues.Methods:Endometriotic nodules of 24 cases, endometrioma of 30 cases and normal endometrial tissues of 30 cases were examined. T-cadherin, E-cadherin, ER-α and PR-α staining levels of endometriotic nodular tissues, endometrioma tissues and endometrial tissues were compared immunohistochemically. H-score was calculated to compare the expression of T-cadherin, E-cadherin, ER-α, PR-α in IHC staining based on the percentage of cells stained at each intensity level.Results:T-cadherin, E-cadherin, ER and PR H-score were found lowest in endometriotic nodule tissue and the highest in endometrial tissue (p <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). In correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found between T-cadherin, E-cadherin, PR and ER H-score (p <0.0001 for each). No correlation was found between age, BMI, VAS score, CA125, endometrioma size and the severity of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and dystonia (p> 0.05).Conclusions:T-cadherin, E-cadherin, ER and PR H-score were found lowest in endometriotic nodule tissue, the highest in endometrium tissue. The finding of lower expression of PR-α in endometriotic nodule in our study may be related to decrease in progesterone effect which could not inhibit the decrease in the expression of T-cadherin and E-cadherin, thus the invasiveness of endometriotic nodule. These findings suggest that endometriotic nodule and ovarian endometrioma tissues have a different biology.
Protein Suppresses Both Bitterness and Oleocanthal-elicited Pungency of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Gachons Catherine Peyrot des , O’Keefe Abigail J. , Slade Louise , Beauchamp Gary K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world, is characterized in part by the major source of its fat, which is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Among the health benefits of consuming EVOOs is the presence of phenolic compounds, which have been shown to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease and are suspected of providing many other health benefits. These phenolic compounds also contribute to the flavor of EVOO, adding both pungent and bitter notes that are valued by connoisseurs but reported to be unpleasant by naïve consumers. Here, we demonstrate that some food-derived proteins, when added to pungent and bitter EVOOs, reduce or even eliminate both the pungency and bitterness. This sensory loss seems to be caused by the proteins binding the pungent phenolic compound, oleocanthal, as well as bitter tasting phenolics, leaving them unable to activate their respective sensory receptors (TRPA1 and TAS2Rs). Thus, when used in various foods recipes (e.g. mayonnaise), pungent and bitter EVOOs may lose their pungent and bitter characteristics thereby rendering them more palatable to many consumers. These data also raise the question of whether the bioactivities of EVOO phenolics remain unchanged when consumed with and without protein-containing foods.
Transcriptome sequencing and metabolome analysis of food habits domestication from live prey fish to artificial diets in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: He Shan , You Jun-Jie , Liang Xu-Fang , Zhang Zhi-Lu , Zhang Yan-Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: As economical traits, food habits domestication can reduce production cost in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying food habits domestication has remained elusive. Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) only feed on live prey fish and refuse artificial diets. In the present study, we domesticated mandarin fish to feed on artificial diets. The two groups were obtained, the fish did not eat artificial diets or ate artificial diets during all of the three domestication processes, named Group W or X, respectively. Results: Using transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we investigated the differentially expressed genes and metabolites between the two groups, and found three common pathways related to food habit domestication, including retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. Furthermore, the western blotting and bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis were performed. The gene expression of TFIIF and histone methyltransferase ezh1 were significantly increased and decreased in the fish of Group X, respectively. The total DNA methylation levels of TFIIF gene and tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) were significantly higher and lower in the fish of Group X, respectively. Conclusion: It was speculated that mandarin fish which could feed on artificial diets, might be attributed to the lower expression of ezh1, resulting in the decreased level of H3K27me3 and increased level of DNA methylation of TFIIF gene. The high expression of TFIIF gene might up-regulate the expression of genes in retinol metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophosphoric metabolism pathways. Our study indicated the relationship between the methylation of DNA and histone and food habits domestication, which might be a novel molecular mechanism of food habits domestication in animals.
Aesthetic evaluation of the labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors by orthodontists and laypersons
Authors: Jiang Xue , Cao Zhiwei , Yao Yang , Zhao Zhihe , Liao Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The maxillary anterior teeth play a crucial role in smile aesthetics. Previous studies regarding the importance of maxillary lateral incisors for smile aesthetics concentrated on their size, incisor edge level, and inclination, etc. However, the aesthetic effect of lateral incisor movement in the spatial position has not been studied yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors on the aesthetic perception of smiles by orthodontists and laypersons, as well as analyze differences in this perception between male and female raters.Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) dental model was generated from the photograph of a man’s smile using iOrtho7.0 software (Time Angel, Wuxi, China). Based on this model, seven images were generated with different labiolingual positions of the maxillary lateral incisors in 0.5 mm increments (+ indicating labial translation, and - indicating lingual translation). The images were evaluated by 86 orthodontists and 161 laypersons using a visual analog scale, with lower scores indicating less attractiveness. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test and one-way analysis of variance with post hoc test.Results: There was no significant difference in smile ratings by males and females. Orthodontists assigned lower scores to all images than laypersons. The smile at +1.5 mm was considered the least attractive by orthodontists, while smiles at +1.5 mm and -1.5 mm were regarded as the least attractive by laypersons. The smile at 0 mm was evaluated as the most attractive by all raters. Laypersons gave different scores to smiles at 0 or -0.5 mm, but orthodontists did not.Conclusions: The labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors does affect the perception of smile aesthetics. Orthodontists may rate smile aesthetics more critically than laypersons. Therefore, communication and discussion between orthodontists and patients is needed to achieve better therapeutic and aesthetic outcomes.
Physical Disabilities Caused by Leprosy in 100 Million Cohort in Brazil
Authors: Sanchez Mauro Niskier , Nery Joilda Silva , Pescarini Júlia Moreira , Mendes André Alves , Ichihara Maria Yury , Teixeira Camila Silveira Silva , Penna Maria Lúcia Fernandes , Smeeth Liam , Rodrigues Laura Cunha , Barreto Maurício Lima , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Penna Gerson Oliveira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Leprosy continues to be an important cause of physical disability in endemic countries such as Brazil. Knowledge of determinants of these events may lead to better control measures and targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on affected individuals. This study investigated such factors among the most vulnerable portion of the Brazilian population.Methods: A large cohort was built from secondary data originated from a national registry of applicants to social benefit programs, covering the period 2001- 2015, including over 114 million individuals. Data were linked to the leprosy notification system utilizing data from 2007 until 2014. Descriptive and bivariate analyses lead to a multivariate analysis using a multinomial logistic regression model with cluster-robust standard errors. Associations were reported as Odds Ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervalsResults: Among the original cohort members 21,565 new leprosy cases were identified between 2007-2014. Most of the cases (63.1%) had grade zero disability. Grades 1 and 2 represented 21% and 6%, respectively. Factors associated with increasing odds of grades 1 and 2 disability were age over 15 years old (ORs 2,39 and 1,95, respectively), less schooling (with a clear dose response effect) and being a multibacillary patient (ORs 3,5 and 8,22). Protective factors for both grades were being female (ORs 0,81 and 0,61) and living in a high incidence municipality (ORs 0,85 and 0,65).Conclusions: The findings suggest that the developing of physical disabilities remains a public health problem which increases the burden of leprosy, mainly for those with severe clinical features and worse socioeconomic conditions. Early diagnosis is paramount to decrease the incidence of leprosy-related disability and our study points to the need for strengthening control actions in non-endemic areas in Brazil, where cases may be missed when presented at early stages in disease. Both actions are needed, to benefit patients and to achieve the WHO goal in reducing physical disabilities among new cases of leprosy.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Abdominal Pain in IBS Patients by Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Lin Zhongyuan , Wang Yimin , Lin Shiqing , Liu Decheng , Mo Guohui , Zhang Hui , dou Yunling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort and pain. The mechanisms of abdominal pain, as a relevant symptom, in IBS are still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes and neurobiological changes specially involved in abdominal pain in IBS.Methods: Gene expression data (GSE36701) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Fifty-three rectal mucosa samples from 27 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and 40 samples from 21 healthy volunteers (HV) as controls were included. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape.Results: The microarray analysis demonstrated a subset of genes (CCKBR, CCL13, ACPP, BDKRB2, GRPR, SLC1A2, NPFF, P2RX4, TRPA1, CCKBR, TLX2, MRGPRX3, PAX2, CXCR1) specially involved in pain transmission. Among these genes, we identified GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1 genes as potential biomarkers for irritating abdominal pain of IBS patients.Conclusions: Overexpression of certain pain-related genes (GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1) may contribute to chronic visceral hypersensitivity, therefore be partly responsible for recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort in IBS patients. Several synapses modification and biological process of psychological distress may be risk factors of IBS.
Pelvic organ prolapse and uterine preservation: A cohort study (POP-UP study)
Authors: Gagyor Daniel , Kalis Vladimir , Smazinka Martin , Rusavy Zdenek , Pilka Radovan , Ismail Khaled 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Abdominal and laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy (LSC) is considered the standard surgical option for the management of a symptomatic apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Women who have their uterus, and for whom an LSC is indicated, can have a laparoscopic sacro-hysteropexy (LSH), a laparoscopic supra-cervical hysterectomy and laparoscopic sacro-cervicopexy (LSCH+LSC) or a total laparoscopic hysterectomy and laparoscopic sacro-colpopexy (TLH+LSC). The main aim of this study was to compare clinical and patient reported outcomes of uterine sparing versus concomitant hysterectomy LSC procedures. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical, imaging and patient reported outcomes at baseline, 3 and 12 months after LSH versus either LSCH+LSC or TLH+LSC between January 2015 and January 2019 in a tertiary referral urogynecology center in Pilsen, the Czech Republic. Results. In total, 294 women were included in this analysis (LSH n = 43, LSCH+LSC n = 208 and TLH+LSC n = 43). There were no differences in the incidence of perioperative injuries and complications. There were no statistically significant differences between the concomitant hysterectomy and the uterine sparing groups in any of the operative, clinical or patient reported outcomes except for a significantly lower anterior compartment failure rate (p= 0.017) and higher optimal mesh placement rate at 12 months in women who had concomitant hysterectomy procedures (p = 0.006).Conclusion. LSH seems to be associated with higher incidence of anterior compartment failures and suboptimal mesh placement based on postoperative imaging techniques compared to LSC with concomitant hysterectomy.
Ergogenic effect of pre-exercise chicken broth ingestion on a high-intensity cycling time-trial
Authors: Barbaresi Silvia , Blancquaert Laura , Nikolovski Zoran , de Jager Sarah , Wilson Mathew , Everaert Inge , De Baere Siegrid , Croubels Siska , De Smet Stefaan , Cable Tim , Derave Wim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: chicken meat extract is a popular functional food in Asia. It is rich in the bioactive compounds carnosine and anserine, two histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD). Studies suggest that acute pre-exercise ingestion of chicken extracts has important applications towards exercise performance and fatigue control, but the evidence is equivocal. This study aimed to evaluate the ergogenic potential of the pre-exercise ingestion of a homemade chicken broth (CB) vs a placebo soup on a short-lasting, high-intensity cycling exercise. Methods: fourteen men participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention study. Subjects ingested either CB, thereby receiving 46.4 mg/kg body weight of HCD, or a placebo soup (similar in taste without HCD) 40 min before an 8 min cycling time trial (TT) was performed. Venous blood samples were collected at arrival (fasted), before exercise and at 5 min recovery. Plasma HCD were measured with UPLC-MS/MS and glutathione (in red blood cells) was measured through HPLC. Capillary blood samples were collected at different timepoints before and after exercise. Results: a significant improvement (p=0.033; 5.2%) of the 8 min TT mean power was observed after CB supplementation compared to placebo. Post-exercise plasma carnosine (p<0.05) and anserine (p<0.001) was significantly increased after CB supplementation and not following placebo. No significant effect of CB supplementation was observed either on blood glutathione levels, nor on capillary blood analysis. Conclusions: oral CB supplementation improved the 8 min TT performance albeit it did not affect the acid-base balance or oxidative status parameters. Further research should unravel the potential role and mechanisms of HCD, present in CB, in this ergogenic approach.
Expression of Cyr61 is associated with Clinical Course in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Lee Su-Mi , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Park Seon-Young , Chung Jin Ook , Kim Dong Hyun , Ju Jae Kyun , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Kim Hyun Soo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is emerging as an important regulator of tissue homeostasis and wound repair. We aim to explore the colonic mucosal expression of Cyr61 and analyze the association between Cyr61 expression and clinical course in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods: Endoscopic samples were identified from 83 CD patients with and 372 controls by searching pathological reports. Among them, age- and sex- matched 43 of each group by a propensity score were selected to compare Cyr61 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC scores for Cyr61 expression of CD patients were divided into tertiles to evaluate the association with clinical course. We also measured the level of mRNA for Cyr 61 and proinflammatory genes in inflamed and noninflamed colonic mucosal lesions from CD patients.Results: The mean IHC scores for Cyr61 expression was higher in CD patients (86.5) than in controls (46.1, P<0.001). In CD patients, the mean IHC scores for Cyr61 expression (68.3) was lower in patients with clinical recurrence than in patients without recurrence (92.2, P=0.01). Cyr61 mRNA levels in inflamed mucosa were 2-fold higher than those in non-inflamed lesion (P>0.05) and the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TLR-4 in inflamed mucosa were significantly higher than those in non-inflamed mucosa in CD patients (all P<0.05). When CD patients were stratified into tertile groups according to IHC scores for Cyr61 expression, clinical recurrence rates tended to be lower in patients with high Cyr61 expression (P for trend=0.02). Compared with tertile 1 of Cyr61 expression, tertile 3 of Cyr 61 expression was associated with reduced risk of clinical recurrence (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.20~0.92) after adjustment for age, sex and CD activity index at the time of colonoscopy in CD patients (P=0.03).Conclusions: Cyr61 mucosal expression in CD patients was inversely associated with clinical course. Future study need to be considered to evaluate whether Cyr 61 may play a role in activating inflammatory responses and contributing to wound healing and tissue repair in patients with CD.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms: A long-term observational study
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Danli , Li Hao , Wang Yuge , Shu Yaqing , Chang Yanyu , Sun Xiaobo , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Early stage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms are easily misdiagnosed; however, data on the full symptom profile are limited. Moreover, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients remain unknown. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of NMOSD with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms.Methods: We retrospectively included relevant patients from our center. Clinical, demographic, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and outcome data were compared according to the non-opticospinal vs. opticospinal initial symptoms. Results: We identified 43 (9.13%) patients with non-opticospinal initial symptoms among 471 patients with NMOSD. Of these, 88.37% developed optic neuritis/myelitis during an average follow-up period of 6.33 years. All the non-opticospinal symptoms were brain/brainstem symptoms. Most of the symptoms and associated brain lesions were reversible. These patients had a younger onset age (P < 0.001), lower serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody titers (P = 0.030), and a lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at onset (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P = 0.041) than NMOSD patients with opticospinal initial symptoms. In addition, EDSS scores reached 3.0 (indicating moderate disability) later than in patients with opticospinal initial symptoms (P = 0.028).Conclusions: Patients with NMOSD with non-opticospinal initial symptoms have a younger onset age, lower serum AQP4 antibody titers, and better clinical outcomes.