bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Wordie Sarah J. , Bugler Kate E. , Bessell Paul R. , Robb James E. , Gaston Mark S. 
Published: February 2021

Aims The migration percentage (MP) is one criterion used for surgery in dislocated or displaced hips in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The MP at which a displaced hip can no longer return to normal is unclear. The aim of this paper was to identify the point of no return of the MP through a large population-based study. Methods All children registered on the Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland surveillance programme undergo regular pelvic radiographs. Any child who had a MP measuring over 35% since the programme’s inception in 2013, in at least one hip and at one timepoint, was identified. The national radiography database was then interrogated to identify all pelvic radiographs for each of these children from birth through to the date of analysis. A minimum of a further two available radiographs following the initial measurement of MP ≥ 35% was required for inclusion. Results A total of 239 children (346 hips) were identified as suitable for analysis at a mean of 6.5 years (2.0 to 14.8) follow-up. In all, 1,485 radiographs taken both prior to and after a hip had a MP ≥ 35% were examined and the MP measured to identify any progression of displacement. Interrogation of the data identified that hips with a MP up to 46% returned to a MP below 40% without intervention, and all hips with a MP equal to or greater than 46% displaced further and the MP did not return to the normal range. Statistical analysis showed the result to be 98% specific with this degree of certainty that hips reaching a MP ≥ 46% would not spontaneously regress. Conclusion These findings are clinically relevant in showing that it may be reasonable to continue to monitor hips with a MP not exceeding 46%. This threshold will also guide referral for further management of a displacing hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):411–414.
Effects of different tissue specimen pretreatment methods on microbial culture results in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Zhang Lvheng , Cai Yuanqing , Huang Zida , Li Wenbo , Zhang Chaofan , Yang Bin , Lin Jianhua , Wahl Peter , Zhang Wenming 
Published: February 2021

Aims Microbiological culture is a key element in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, cultures of periprosthetic tissue do not have optimal sensitivity. One of the main reasons for this is that microorganisms are not released from the tissues, either due to biofilm formation or intracellular persistence. This study aimed to optimize tissue pretreatment methods in order to improve detection of microorganisms. Methods From December 2017 to September 2019, patients undergoing revision arthroplasty in a single centre due to PJI and aseptic failure (AF) were included, with demographic data and laboratory test results recorded prospectively. Periprosthetic tissue samples were collected intraoperatively and assigned to tissue-mechanical homogenization (T-MH), tissue-manual milling (T-MM), tissue-dithiothreitol (T-DTT) treatment, tissue-sonication (T-S), and tissue-direct culture (T-D). The yield of the microbial cultures was then analyzed. Results A total of 46 patients were enrolled, including 28 patients in the PJI group and 18 patients in the AF group. In the PJI group, 23 cases had positive culture results via T-MH, 22 cases via T-DTT, 20 cases via T-S, 15 cases via T-MM, and 13 cases via T-D. Three cases under ongoing antibiotic treatment remained culture-negative. Five tissue samples provided the optimal yield. Any ongoing antibiotic treatment had a relevant influence on culture sensitivity, except for T-DTT. Conclusion T-MH had the highest sensitivity. Combining T-MH with T-DTT, which requires no special equipment, may effectively improve bacterial detection in PJI. A total of five periprosthetic tissue biopsies should be sampled in revision arthroplasty for optimal detection of PJI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):96–104.
Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting
Authors: Morozov Pavel , Lukina Maria , Shirmanova Marina , Divochiy Alexander , Dudenkova Varvara , Gol’tsman Gregory N. , Becker Wolfgang , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav I. 
Published: February 2021

This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical
configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence
from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on
photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting
single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is
modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a
phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done
using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the
system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen
generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic
therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be
easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from
singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the
imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen
with the areas inside the cells can be done.
Power stable 1.5–10.5  µm cascaded mid-infrared supercontinuum laser without thulium amplifier
Authors: Woyessa Getinet , Kwarkye Kyei , Dasa Manoj K. , Petersen Christian R. , Sidharthan Raghuraman , Chen Shaoxiang , Yoo Seongwoo , Bang Ole 
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a simple and power stable 1.5–10.5 µm cascaded
mid-infrared 3 MHz supercontinuum fiber laser. To increase simplicity
and decrease cost, the design of the fiber cascade is optimized so
that no thulium amplifier is needed. Despite the simple design with no
thulium amplifier, we demonstrate a high average output power of
86.6 mW. Stability measurements for seven days with 8–9 h operation
daily revealed fluctuations in the average power with a standard
deviation of only 0.43% and a power spectral density stability of

±

0.18

d
B
m

/

n
m

for wavelengths

<

10

µ

m

. The high-repetition-rate, robust,
and cheap all-fiber design makes this source ideal for applications in
spectroscopy and imaging.
An exploration of the protective effect of rodent species richness on the geographical expansion of Lassa fever in West Africa
Authors: Min Kyung-Duk , Hwang Jusun , Schneider Maria Cristina , So Yeonghwa , Lee Ju-Yeun , Cho Sung-il 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundLassa fever (LF) is one of the most devastating rodent-borne diseases in West Africa, causing thousands of deaths annually. The geographical expansion of LF is also a concern; cases were recently identified in Ghana and Benin. Previous ecological studies have suggested that high natural-host biodiversity reduces the likelihood of spillover transmission of rodent-borne diseases, by suppressing the activities of reservoir species. However, the association of biodiversity with the geographical expansion of LF has not been the subject of epidemiological studies.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a spatial analysis based on sociodemographic, geographical, and ecological data, and found that higher rodent species richness was significantly associated with a lower risk of LF emergence in West Africa from 2008 to 2017 (Odds Ratio = 0.852, 95% Credible Interval = 0.745–0.971).Conclusions/SignificanceThe results reinforce the importance of the ‘One Health’ approach by demonstrating that a high level of biodiversity could benefit human health.
Generating evidence on screening, diagnosis and management of non-communicable diseases during pregnancy; a scoping review of current gap and practice in India with a comparison of Asian context
Authors: Lakiang Theophilus , Daniel Sonali Abner , C. Kauma Kurian , Horo Minashree , Shumayla Shumayla , Mehra Sunil 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundChildren born to high-risk pregnancies are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes later in life. As estimated, 15% of all pregnancies are at risk of various life-threatening conditions leading to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. Millennium Development Goal resulted in the global reduction of maternal death from 390,000 to 275000 in 1990–2015). Similarly, to keep this momentum, the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG: 3.1) aims at reducing the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030, and this can be achieved by addressing high-risk pregnancy contributing to significant mortality and morbidity. In India, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and gestational hypothyroidism were identified as factors contributing to the high-risk pregnancy. This review summarises the commonly used approach for screening, diagnosis, and management of these conditions in the Asian population. It draws a comparison with the current protocols and guidelines in the Indian setting.MethodsElectronic search in PubMed and Google Scholar, reference snowballing, and review of current guidelines and protocols were done between January 2010 to October 2019. Published studies reporting Screening, diagnosis, and management of these conditions were included. Articles selected were then screened, appraised for quality, extract relevant data, and synthesised.ResultsScreening, diagnosis, and management of these three conditions vary and no single universally accepted criteria for diagnosis and management exist to date. In India, national guidelines available have not been evaluated for feasibility of implementation at the community level. There are no national guidelines for PIH diagnosis and management despite the increasing burden and contribution to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Criteria for diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and gestational hypothyroidism varies but overall early screening for predicting risk, as reported from majority of the articles, were effective in minimizing maternal and foetal outcome.ConclusionExisting National guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) and Gestational Hypothyroidism (2014) need to be contextualized and modified based on the need of the local population for effective treatment. Findings from this review show that early screening for predicting risk to be an effective preventive strategy. However, reports related to a definitive diagnosis and medical management were heterogeneous.
A pilot study on ecological momentary assessment in asylum-seeking children and adolescents resettled to Germany: Investigating compliance, post-migration factors, and the relation between daily mood, sleep patterns, and mental health
Authors: Müller Lauritz Rudolf Floribert , Gossmann Katharina , Schmid Regina F. , Rosner Rita , Unterhitzenberger Johanna 
Published: February 2021

Background
Asylum-seeking children and adolescents (ASCs) resettled to western countries show elevated levels of psychological distress. While research on the mental health of ASCs is increasing, less is known about their day-to-day living experiences such as their daily mood, sleep patterns, and post-migration factors. Moreover, no examination in situ, using smartphone-assisted ecological momentary assessment (EMA), has been conducted up to now among ASCs. Furthermore, we do not know if screening measures succeed in reflecting the daily mood of ASCs experienced in everyday life.

Methods
We undertook a smartphone-assisted EMA study over a two-week period with 3 measurements a day. Participants were N = 40 ASCs from 10 different countries who had resettled to Germany. They completed standardized questionnaires screening for history of trauma and clinical symptoms (post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, and anxiety) that were carried out in interview-like settings, and they participated in the subsequent EMA where they rated mood, sleep parameters, and post-migration factors on a daily basis. Multilevel models of clinical symptoms, daily mood, and sleep parameters were computed based on a total of 680 measurements.

Results
The multiply traumatized and highly distressed participants reported different levels of discrimination, and various social activities and contacts in the EMA. The overall compliance rate was shown to be 40.5%. Higher PTSS and anxiety scores were associated with lower levels of daily mood and poorer outcomes of some sleep parameters. Depression scores were not associated with any of the variables assessed in the EMA.

Conclusions
Smartphone-assisted EMA among ASCs resettled to Germany proved to be implementable despite a rather low compliance rate. Not only do ASCs show high symptom levels, they are also affected by these symptoms in their daily lives. The results emphasize the need for concise screenings and psychological treatment for this high-risk population. Limitations include the convenient nature of the sample and the lack of a comparison group.
Oral health-seeking behavior among different population groups in Enugu Nigeria
Authors: Uguru Nkolika , Onwujekwe Obinna , Uguru Chibuzo , Ogu Udochukwu , Okwuosa Chinenye , Okeke Chinyere 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This study investigates the oral health-seeking behaviour of households and its influence on demand for dental caries treatment services in Enugu state Nigeria.

Methods
A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was used to explore the oral health seeking pattern of 378 urban and 348 rural household respondents in Enugu state Nigeria. The study explored dental caries treatment-seeking, oral health behavior of respondents using the three dynamics of the Andersen and Newman health utilization model; predisposing, enabling and need factors.

Findings
Recommendations from community members (48.9%), severity of disease (22.1%), and cost of treatment (19.4%) all influenced where oral healthcare was first sought. Gender and type of occupation, influenced positive oral health-seeking behavior (p<0.05). The least poor socioeconomic status (SES) group, sought dental treatment in the private dental clinics, while the very poor and most poor SES groups used traditional healers, home treatment and patent medicine dealers more. Dental fillings and extractions were generally the most accessed treatment options for dental caries. The tendency for all the SES groups (especially the least poor), to choose tooth extraction more as a treatment option for dental caries was influenced by the oral health awareness level of respondents and the cost of dental fillings. (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The findings suggest that interventions to create increased oral health awareness targeted at education on preventive strategies, appropriate time and place to seek oral health care and dental caries treatment, as well devising and implementing health financing options such as dental insurance would enable individuals to seek appropriate treatment for dental caries on time. In addition, it will reduce the proportion of people visiting unorthodox healthcare providers for their oral health problems or choosing cheaper but inappropriate treatment options.
Social-and-Ecological Aspects of Forage Production Reform in Ukraine in the Early 21st Century
Authors: Puyu V. , Bakhmat M. , Khmelianchyshyn Y. , Stepanchenko V. , Bakhmat O. , Pantsyreva H. 
Published: February 2021

On the basis of the "three sigma" rule, a statistical stratification of the Ukrainian effective community into economic welfare groups according to their social and economic status has been carried out, thus creating the basis for substantiating the expediency of reforming the forage production sector in order to further expand the production of organic livestock products through the up-to-date approaches to the formation and use of climate adaptive feed-related phytocenoses. In order to increase the productivity of grass fodder, an innovative model of the grass-grazing complex has been developed. Its structure includes a cyclic wedge of long-term cereal-bean pasture which involves perennial grasses of the botanical species adapted to the zonal ecological and technological conditions, a satellite wedge of traditional mixtures of annual crops and atypical pasture plants – burnet polygamous (Poterium poligamum Woldst. et Kit.), prairie dock (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and others, whose herbage is used during the off-season, when the main cyclic wedge is found to be low-yielding, as well as a sheltered base, equipped with outdoor hoppers and shelters designed to protect animals in bad weather. The introduction of meadows and pastures in the system of zonal fodder production will contribute to the improvement and stabilization of the production of cheap and adequately nutritious herbal feeds thus increasing the resource potential of the area.
Assessing the Convergence of International Agricultural Markets as a Prerequisite for Rapeseed Sale at New Markets
Authors: Tanasiichuk Alona , Hromova Olha , Abdullaieva Anastasiia , Kovtun Eduard , Marshuk Lina 
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the state of the market of agro-industrial products, which is an integral part of the world market and one of the most important parts of the economic systems of most countries with market economies. It has been determined peculiarities of modern development of domestic export-oriented industries, among which are raw materials, dependence on market fluctuations on world markets. The analysis of oilseeds production volumes has been done, in particular rapeseed; the dynamics of export-import volume operations with the product group «1205 Seeds of cole or rapeseed, whether ground or not ground» has been also done. A system of indicators has been developed to assess the convergence of international agricultural markets as a prerequisite for the sale of rapeseed to new international markets. The markets of the Czech Republic and the United Arab Emirates have been identified as particularly promising markets for the sale of Ukrainian agricultural products of the commodity group «1205 Seeds of cole or rapeseed, whether ground or not ground». Assessment of the convergence indicators of the new international markets of the Czech Republic and the United Arab Emirates allowed us to conclude that these markets demonstrate convergent conditions for doing business in them by Ukrainian farmers. The most important tasks facing Ukrainian agricultural producers are substantiated: prevention of reduction of sown areas of oilseeds, production volumes of commodity group increase «12 Seeds and fruits of oilseeds», introduction to new international markets of commodity group «1205 of Ukrainian production».
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSISTENCY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN SPECIALISTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana 
Published: February 2021

Objectives. System analysis of the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of interaction between specialists of polyprofessional teams during psychosocial rehabilitation interventions

Methods. Psychometric, sociological, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1, 2].

Results. The multiprofessional team consists of specialists with different skills, qualifications and positions in the management hierarchy. As a result, issues of leadership, subordination, and consensus lead to a loss of performance, both for individual members of these teams and for the teams themselves as a whole.
As the main example [2], we consider the hierarchy corresponding to the problem of establishing a functional diagnosis of a patient within a
multiprofessional team.
It is established that the original complex hierarchy can always be divided into a set of simple hierarchies that model the main stages of the work of a multiprofessional team.
The formation of procedures and algorithms for processing the results of expert information to assess the weight and consistency of decisions made by specialists is based on the AHP.

Conclusions. Obtained on the basis of AHP numerical evaluation [1, 2], unlike the rank method can be used for any mathematical processing and the development of appropriate regression models assess the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment of employees, treatment methods, patient characteristics and environment. References. 1. 1. Mitikhin V.G, Solokhina T.A. Neurology Bulletin. 2020(1):30-33. doi.org/10.17816/nb16459; 2. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 119(2): 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
MACHISMO E ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO: ANÁLISES DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO NA DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Favero Ana Carolina , Link da Silva Larissa Izabelli , De Carvalho Joana Tatiele , Emmel Rúbia , Krul Alexandre José 
Published: February 2021

Esta investigação teve o objetivo de compreender concepções de machismo e estereótipos de gênero dos estudantes e identificar como relacionam essas temáticas. Realizado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, houve um questionário fechado reflexivo e um jogo didático intitulado “Tribunal de Opinião”, baseado em Rojão et al (2011). A intervenção revela o valor destas temáticas no ensino das Ciências/Biologia, pois foi possível analisar duas categorias definidas a priori, que propiciaram diálogos e identificações, biologicamente e socialmente. Portanto, evidencia-se a importância destas temáticas no contexto educacional assim como social, na identificação dos estudantes com os temas e na ampliação de conhecimentos relacionados ao ensino de Biologia havendo maior presença de diálogo e reflexões.