bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lasting Effect of Discontinuing Zoledronic Acid On Periprosthetic Bone Mineral Density Five Years After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hsu Allen Herng Shouh , Yen Chun-Hsien , Lu Yu-Der , Kuo Feng-Chih , Wu Cheng-Ta , Huang Tsan-Wen , Lee Mel S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous study has shown that a short-term use of zoledronic acid (ZA) after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly increases bone mineral density (BMD) over the proximal femur and inhibits bone turnover markers (BTMs) after two years. However, could the discontinuation of ZA have a lasting effect is of interest.Method: This is an extension study of a two-year prospective randomized controlled trial on 54 cementless THA treated with either two doses of ZA or placebo. We compared BTMs [alkaline phosphatase (ALP); osteocalcin (OC); procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP)], serum calcium, renal function, radiological findings, and functional outcomes (Harris hip score and UCLA activity score) from baseline to 5 years post-THA in 49 patients, and periprosthetic BMD of the seven Gruen zones in 19 patients.Result: All patients had well-functioning hip prostheses, normal renal function, and normal serum calcium levels at 5-year follow-up. At the fifth year, the BMD levels were not statistically different between the two groups, but the change in BMD from baseline (BMD change ratios) in ZA group were significantly increased in zone 2, 4, and 6 as compared with control group. Parallel to that, in ZA group, levels of ALP were significantly lower at the fifth year; OC were significantly lower at the second and the fifth year; P1NP were significantly lower from 6 weeks to 2 years as compared with those in control group.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the lasting effect of a two-dose ZA given within one year after THA on bone metabolism and periprosthetic BMD at five years. The short-term dosing of ZA followed by a 4-year drug holiday had no adverse events and resulted in significant inhibition of periprosthetic bone loss and BTMs.Trial Registration:This extension study on a randomized, open label, single-center clinical trial was conducted under Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Protocol Records 98-1150A3; 105-1296C1; 105-7004D, and was registered July 19th, 2016 on public registry ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number NCT02838121.
Assessment of Potability of Minewater Pumped Out from Jharia Coalfield, India: An Integrated Approach Using Integrated Water Quality Index, Heavy Metal Pollution Index and Multivariate Statistics
Authors: Baruah Pritam Mazinder , Singh Gurdeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The dense and industrialized populace in the mining areas of Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is plagued by a severe shortage of water supply. The unutilized pumped out coal minewater discharges may be utilized to cater to the increasing water demand of the region but it runs the risk of getting contaminated from domestic and industrial effluents. The current study aimed to assess the suitableness of augmenting underground minewater for potable purposes. Minewater samples collected from 15 locations (minewater treatment plants) across JCF for the hydrological year 2019-2020 were analysed to gain an insight on the physico-chemical characteristics of the minewater using an integrated approach of standard hydrochemical methods, Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI), Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. The integrated approach gives a holistic assessment of the minewater quality, overcoming the limitations of traditional water quality indices, to give a more accurate assessment. The analysis of minewater in the region identified Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 as the two major water types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) of the minewater revealed the influence of lithogenic and anthropogenic processes in modulating the water chemistry of the region. This study could facilitate effective water quality management practices while also laying the foundation for augmenting minewater for potable purposes to meet increasing demands.
The Impact of Long-term Care Needs on the Socio-economic Deprivation of Older People and Their Families: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Martarelli Rossella , Casanova Georgia , Lamura Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPopulation ageing, constantly on the increase in all countries worldwide, has long been the object of scientific research from several perspectives, including multi and interdisciplinary approaches. This scoping review aims to investigate the socio-economic consequences of older people’s poor health on their own economic conditions and those of their families. This study aims to: a) map the main concepts that characterise the body of literature pertaining to this issue; b) identify conceptual gaps or unexplored research areas to be addressed; c) delve into the ways of arguing about the difficulties that affect a large number of families with older members to care for, especially with regard to the concept of socio-economic deprivation, which in our perspective includes both material and social deprivation (e.g. in the form of loneliness experienced as a consequence of health disorders). This protocol fulfils the purpose of clarifying the stages and methods of the study and listing the techniques used.MethodsThis article is being drafted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). The rationale behind the study and its stages are aligned with the guidelines of Lockwood et al. (2019) and the recommendations of Munn et al. (2018): Each stage links up with the next, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (the 2020 PRISMA Statement), while the reporting phase refers to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. The search process is being performed by means of databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The latest version of MAXQDA will be used for analyzing all data.Discussion We aim to highlight and connect the most useful insights addressed to stakeholders and policymakers and, most of all, the ones valuable to social innovation. Nevertheless, it is necessary for us to remark that, despite the prevalence of the English language, most research articles are written and published in other languages. Therefore, they are excluded from the search process.Systematic review registration Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/xq58z Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/XQ58Z
The Effect of Benzyl Isothiocyanate On The Expression of Genes Encoding NADH Oxidase And Fibronectin-Binding Protein In Oral Streptococcal Biofilms
Authors: Alhandal Hawraa , Almesaileikh Esraa , Bhardwaj Radhika G , Khabbaz Areej Al , Karched Maribasappa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that antibiotic treatment results in up- or down regulation of several virulence-associated genes. The genes encoding NADH oxidase (nox) and fibronectin-binding protein (fbp) are known to play important roles in biofilms of some oral bacterial species. The objective was to study the effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), an antimicrobial agent from Miswak plant, on the expression of nox and fbp genes in some oral streptococci.Methods: Bacterial strains were grown as biofilms in brucella broth. The crystal violet stained biofilms were quantified by optical density measurements at 590 nm. The biofilms were treated with an antimicrobial agent (BITC) for 2 h and fold change in mRNA expression of nox and fbp genes in BITC treated selected oral streptococci was measured by comparative ∆∆Ct method on Real-Time PCR machine.Results: The highest amount of biofilm mass was produced by A. defectiva, followed by S. gordonii, S. mutans, G. elegans and G. adiacens. Upon treatment with BITC, S. gordonii biofilms showed highest mRNA expression for both fbp and nox genes. Mean (SE) folds increase in the expression of nox mRNA: S. gordonii 2 (0.30), followed by S. mutans 1.25 (0.18), A. defectiva 1.03 (0.09), G. adiacens 0.7 (0.03). Similarly for fbp, folds increase in mRNA expression was: S. gordonii 2.65 (0.03), followed by A. defectiva 2.09 (0.60), G. elegans 1.61 (0.40), S. mutans 1.57 (0.20), and G. adiacens 0.58 (0.06). G. elegans mRNA levels for nox were extremely low (0.006-fold). Conclusion: BITC treatment of the biofilms caused an upregulation of biofilm-associated genes fbp and nox genes in most of the tested species suggesting the significance of these genes in biofilm lifestyle of these oral bacteria. Increased expression of nox and fbp genes in the biofilm lifestyle of these species needs further investigation to understand if it contributes to antimicrobial resistance.
Drivers and Constraints of Land use Transitions on Western Grasslands: Insights from a California Mountain Ranching Community
Authors: Biggs Nicole Buckley 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Context. Land use change drives a host of sustainability challenges on Earth’s grasslands. To understand the relationship between changing land use patterns, human well-being, and ecosystem services, research is needed into land use transitions on privately-owned grasslands. Such inquiry lies at the intersection of land system science and landscape sustainability science. Objectives. This study investigated land use change in a mountain cattle ranching community in the Sierra Nevada, California. The research objective was to highlight the drivers and constraints of identified land use transitions and the types of landowners and policies influencing ecological outcomes. Methods. This research used a mixed methods case study based on participant observation, 30 semi-structured interviews, and analysis of land cover and real estate data from California’s Farmland Monitoring and Mapping Program, USDA CropScape, and a local real estate sales database. Interviews were conducted with ranchers, public agencies, and conservation and real estate industry representatives, and analyzed with the constant comparison method using Nvivo 12. Results. Land use transitions in the case study region include agricultural intensification, residential and solar development, and disintensification from amenity migration. These transitions were influenced by decreasing land access and water availability, remote work, intergenerational succession, and conservation policy. Conclusions. By highlighting influences on working lands, this study can be applied to improve the uptake of conservation policies. For the future, several factors appear critical to conserving ecosystem services on private grasslands: ensuring grazing lands access, income diversification, groundwater regulations, agriculture-compatible conservation easements, and land use policies supporting ownership transition to amenity purposes rather than low-density residential development.
Effects of Selenium-enriched Bacillus Subtilis on Growth Inflammatory and Intestinal Microbes of Common Carp Induced by Mercury
Authors: Shang Xinchi , Wang Bo , Sun Qingsong , Zhang Yue , Lu Yuting , Liu Shaojun , li yuehong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects the health of humans and ecosystems. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for many organisms including humans. Bacillus subtilis is widely distributed in nature, is one of the main probiotics used in aquaculture, and has a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals. The interaction between Hg and Se was rigorously studied, especially due to the observation of the protective effect of Se on Hg toxicity. The common carp was exposed to Hg (0.03 mg/L), and 105 cfu/g Se-rich B. subtilis was added to the feed. After 30 days of feeding, samples were taken to evaluate the growth performance, serological response, inflammatory response, and intestinal microbial changes. In this study, when fish were exposed to Hg, the growth performance of the Se-rich B. subtilis plus 0.03 mg/L Hg fish group was lower than that of the control group and higher than 0.03 mg/L Hg; The levels of LZM and IgM decreased, but after supplementation with Se-rich B. subtilis, the levels of LZM and IgM increased; Hg treatment significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB P65, but down-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-10, TGF-β and IkBα. However, compared with the Hg group, the Se-rich B. subtilis plus Hg group can significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB P65, but reduce the regulation of IL-10, TGF-β and IkBα expression. At the genus level, the abundance of Aeromonas in the intestines of common carp in the Hg treatment group increased, and Se-rich B. subtilis could reduce the abundance of Aeromonas (pathogenic bacteria). Through the analysis of the species, we found that the Hg group was mainly composed of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas hydrophila. However, in the Se-rich B. subtilis treatment group, we found that Aeromonas sobria was significantly less than the Hg group. Because Aeromonas (pathogenic bacteria) is harmful to the fish, it can induce inflammation in the fish and make the fish sick. Through microbiological analysis, it is found that Se-rich B. subtilis improves Hg-induced intestinal microbial changes, alleviates the abundance of Aeromonas, and alleviates the inflammation of the fish.
Maintaining the Resilience and Productivity of Co-culture Systems in the Face of Environmental Change
Authors: Lao Angelyn , Aviso Kathleen , Cabezas Heriberto , Tan Raymond 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Co-culture systems can address food security issues by intensifying production of crops and animal protein without requiring additional land area. We show how a graph-theoretic optimization model based on ecological network analysis can determine resilient co-culture strategies by controlling the presence of key species. Results of simulations on a hybrid rice and crayfish production system indicate that comparable levels of productivity can be achieved with different ecological system structures.
Six Hub Genes Associated with Erectile Dysfunction And Acute Myocardial Infarction Based On GEO
Authors: xu zekun , Ang Xiaojie , Wang Yuxuan , Ge Nianxin , Xu Jiangnan , Pei Changsong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Erectile dysfunction(ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction that significantly affects quality of life in men and induce a significant public health problem. Nowadays, vascular dysfunction is known as a common cause of ED. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) became co-morbidity with ED as vascular event. The increasing number of males with both diseases is a public health problem that deserves our attention.Results: Seven commom genes of DEGs were obtained in ED and AMI. Fifteen terms mainly including I−kappaB kinase/NF−kappaB signaling et al and five KEGG pathways mainly including Toll−like receptor signaling pathway were also obtained. Further, the diagnostic value of top 6 hub genes were identified. Conclusion: The hub genes IKBKG, RIPK1, TNF, RPS27A, TLR2, and TNFAIP3 were selected and their diagnostic values were validated. They may play an important potential role in the occurrence and offer viable targets for treating inflammation-mediated vascular dysfunction in the ED and AMI.
Knockdown of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) Suppresses Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line Survival Through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Activities
Authors: Algariri Eman Salem , Mydin Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. , Moses Emmanuel Jairaj , Okekpa Simon Imakwu , Rahim Nur Arzuar Abdul , Yusoff Narazah Mohd 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a critical regulator of calcium homeostasis through store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and recently considered a potential therapeutic target for cancer. However, the role of STIM1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. The present study investigates the role of STIM1 in AML cell line (THP-1) proliferation and survival and its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities. Dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA) - mediated STIM1 knockdown inhibited the THP-1 cells proliferation and colony formation ability. Further observation on ROS profile showed a significant reduction in the ROS level, which was associated with a significant down-regulation of NOX2 and protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, STIM1 knockdown exhibited significant down-regulation of Akt, KRAS, and MAPK which are critical proliferative and survival pathway-related genes. This study unveiled the importance of STIM1 in the regulation of AML cells proliferation and survival which could be through maintaining ROS at level keeping the proliferative and survival pathways at an active state. These findings represent STIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for AML treatment.
Inhibition effects of Gorge Fischer plumbing system on growth and amplification of Legionella Pneumophila with culture and PCR based on 16sRNA and mip genes
Authors: Barzegar Leila , Ghanizadeh Ghader , Esmaeili Davoud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Legionella is an aquatic bacterium that causes Legionnaires' fever.
Methods

Fifty-six samples of the hot and cold-water system were collected. Characteristics of water samples were measured. Culture was performed in BCYE agar. Molecular identification was performed by PCR.
Results

The mean residual chlorine were 0.73 to 0.88 mg / l. Culture results were positive 58.8% of George Fischer and 23.5% of Ray Ho and 60% Taleghani hospital samples. PCR results based on 16sRNA were 35.2% of the George Fischer system, 45.4%, from Ray Ho piping and 54.5% from Taleghani hospital. the results of the mip gene, 82.3% of George Fischer, 54.5% of RayHo and 20% of Taleghani hospital were positive.
Conclusion

George Fischer’s Legionella stopper pipes and fittings have a good ability to control the growth Legion density in the indoor water supply system and can be considered as a suitable option for use in indoor plumbing and water supply.
Capsaicin Improves The Hypoglycemic Effect of Metformin Benefitted From Gut Microbiota
Authors: Kang Zhi-Qiang , Hu Jing-Lei , Chen Man-Yun , Mao Yu , Xie Li-Fang , Yang Nian , Liu Tao , Zhang Wei , Huang Wei-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Capsaicin(CAP) possesses a hypoglycemic activity through remodulating gut microbiota as well as the first-line oral hypoglycemic drug, metformin(MET). However, CAP on the hypoglycemic effect of MET pertinent to gut microbiota remained poorly known.Methods: The glucose and insulin tolerance of diabetic rats were monitored. The glycolipid metabolism were analyzed by detecting blood biochemical parameters. Liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The inflammatory cytokines and intestinal tight junction proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbiota.Results: Compared with MET monotherapy, CAP and MET co-treatment could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, improve glucose tolerance, lessen the degree of liver injury and inflammatory infiltration, reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increase the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins in diabetic rats. Moreover, CAP and MET co-treatment altered gut microbiota profiles by regulating microbial abundances such as Akkermansia.Conclusion: CAP showed significant hypoglycemic effect of MET benefitted from remodulating gut microbiota in diabetic rats.
Species Diversity of Trichoderma Associated With Soil In The Zoige Alpine Wetland of Southwest China
Authors: Tang Guiting , Li Ying , Zhou You , Zheng Xiaojuan , Chang Xiaoli , Zhang Shirong , Gong Guoshu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The Zoige alpine wetland is one of the most important wetlands in China because of its complex natural environment, abundant ecological resources, and unique climatic conditions. The ecology of soil fungi is poorly understood, and recent comprehensive reports on Trichoderma are not available for any region, including the Zoige alpine wetland ecological region in China. Our results may be used as a reference for a greater understanding of soil microorganism at various ecological regions, ecological rehabilitation and reconstruction and as microbial resources. Results: One hundred soil samples were collected from different soil types and soil layers in Zoige alpine wetland ecological regions in 2013. Using the traditional suspension plating method, a total of 80 Trichoderma strains were isolated. After a preliminary classification of morphological characteristics and the genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), 57 strains were representatively selected and eventually identified as seven species via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequences based on the genes transcription elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), encoding RNA polymerase II subunit B (rpb2) and ATP citrate lyase (acl1). Among them, Trichoderma harzianum was the dominant species and had the highest isolation frequency (23%) in this zone, while Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma pyramidale were rare species, with isolation frequencies of less than 1%.Conclusions: Our detailed morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Trichoderma zoigense was described for the first time as a new species.
One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Brushes For The Rapid Label-Free Detection of Yersinia Pestis With a Reflective Laser System
Authors: Lin Feng-Ping , Hsu Hui-Ling , Lin Hui-Chung , Huang Hsin-Hsien , Lu Chien-Hsing , Chen Jem-Kun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Improved Optical Flow Estimation Method for Deepfake Videos
Authors: Nassif Ali Bou , Nasir Qassim , Talib Manar Abu , Gouda Omar Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Creating deepfake multimedia, and especially deepfake videos, has become much easier these days due to the availability of deepfake tools and the virtually unlimited numbers of face images found online. Research and industry communities have dedicated time and resources to develop detection methods to expose these fake videos. Although these detection methods have been developed over the past few years, synthesis methods have also made progress, allowing for the production of deepfake videos that are harder and harder to differentiate from real videos. This research paper proposes an improved optical flow estimation-based method to detect and expose the discrepancies between video frames. Augmentation and modification are used to improve the system’s overall accuracy. Furthermore, the system is trained on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) to explore the effects and benefit of each type of hardware in deepfake detection. TPUs were found to have shorter training times compared to the GPUs. VGG-16 is the best performing model when used as backbone for the system, as it achieved around 82.0% detection accuracy when trained on GPUs and 71.34% accuracy on TPUs.