bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of 5 urinary biomarkers as predictors of acute kidney injury in nonazotemic, hospitalized dogs
Authors: Nivy Ran , Chaim Netanel , Hanael Erez , Sutton Gila Abells , Bruchim Yaron , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is hindered by current definitions and use of traditional, insensitive markers.Hypothesis/ObjectivesUrinary (u) activity of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and concentrations of heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukins (ILs) ‐6 and ‐18, are predictive biomarkers for AKI and survival.AnimalsNonazotemic, hospitalized dogs (n = 118) and healthy controls (n = 20).MethodsA prospective observational study. Nonazotemic dogs at risk of AKI were recruited and their urinary biomarker concentrations were measured at presentation. Serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) were measured daily until discharge/death.ResultsThe overall case fatality rate was 18.6%. Fifteen dogs (12.7%) developed AKI, which was associated with death (relative risk, 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐6.55). All 5 urinary biomarkers were significantly higher in hospitalized dogs compared to controls, with minimal overlap. uHSP70/uCr, uGGT/uCr, and uIL‐6/uCr at presentation were higher in dogs which later developed AKI. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) (95% CI) for the 3 biomarkers as predictors of AKI were 0.67 (0.51‐0.83), 0.68 (0.55‐0.81), and 0.78 (0.65‐0.91), respectively. When they were categorically classified as elevated/normal, each additional elevated biomarker increased the odds for AKI (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.23‐6.52,P = .01). Agreement between sCr and sSDMA was poor (Cohen's kappa = .071). The AUROC of SDMA at presentation for AKI prediction was 0.73 (0.51‐0.95).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceKidney injury was common, irrespective of subsequent worsening of azotemia or death. The predictive value of individual urinary biomarkers was reduced by moderate sensitivities and specificities. SDMA showed moderate discriminatory utility for AKI prediction, and often displayed discordant results with sCr.
Comprehensive characterization of purine and pyrimidine transport activities in Trichomonas vaginalis and functional cloning of a trichomonad nucleoside transporter
Authors: Natto Manal J. , Miyamoto Yukiko , Munday Jane C. , AlSiari Tahani A. , Al‐Salabi Mohammed I. , Quashie Neils B. , Eze Anthonius A. , Eckmann Lars , De Koning Harry P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrichomoniasis is a common and widespread sexually‐transmitted infection, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. T. vaginalis lacks the biosynthetic pathways for purines and pyrimidines, making nucleoside metabolism a drug target. Here we report the first comprehensive investigation into purine and pyrimidine uptake by T. vaginalis. Multiple carriers were identified and characterized with regard to substrate selectivity and affinity. For nucleobases, a high‐affinity adenine transporter, a possible guanine transporter and a low affinity uracil transporter were found. Nucleoside transporters included two high affinity adenosine/guanosine/uridine/cytidine transporters distinguished by different affinities to inosine, a lower affinity adenosine transporter, and a thymidine transporter. Nine Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter (ENT) genes were identified in the T. vaginalis genome. All were expressed equally in metronidazole‐resistant and ‐sensitive strains. Only TvagENT2 was significantly upregulated in the presence of extracellular purines; expression was not affected by co‐culture with human cervical epithelial cells. All TvagENTs were cloned and separately expressed in Trypanosoma brucei. We identified the main broad specificity nucleoside carrier, with high affinity for uridine and cytidine as well as purine nucleosides including inosine, as TvagENT3. The in‐depth characterization of purine and pyrimidine transporters provides a critical foundation for the development of new anti‐trichomonal nucleoside analogues.
Methodology and implementation of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)
Authors: Breda João , McColl Karen , Buoncristiano Marta , Williams Julianne , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya , Ahrens Wolfgang , Akhmedova Dilorom , Bakacs Márta , Boer Jolanda M.A. , Boymatova Khadichamo , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Cucu Alexandra , Duleva Vesselka , Endevelt Ronit , Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia , Fijałkowska Anna , Hadžiomeragić Aida Filipović , García‐Solano Marta , Grøholt Else Karin , Gualtieri Andrea , Hassapidou Maria , Hejgaard Tatjana , Hyska Jolanda , Kelleher Cecily C. , Kujundžić Enisa , Mäki Päivi , Markidou Ioannidou Eliza , Melkumova Marina , Moyersoen Isabelle , Milanović Sanja Musić , Nurk Eha , Ostojic Sergej M. , Peterkova Valentina , Petrauskienė Aušra , Pudule Iveta , Rito Ana Isabel , Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Rutter Harry , Salanave Benoît , Seyidov Nabil , Shengelia Lela , Silitrari Natalia , Spinelli Angela , Spiroski Igor , Starc Gregor , Stojisavljević Dragana , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Tichá Ľubica , Usupova Zhamilya , Weghuber Daniel , Yardim Nazan , Zamrazilová Hana , Zbanatskyi Vladyslav , Branca Francesco , Weber Martin , Rakovac Ivo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryEstablishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, and accurate data on children's weight status—through standardized measurement of bodyweight and height—in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and school environments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the European Region have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007 and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI, data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables intercountry comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore, it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and potential risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development of overweight and obesity in European primary‐school children in order to support appropriate and effective policy responses.
Upregulated circ_0002141 facilitates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via the miR‐1231/EGFR axis
Authors: Wangzhou Kaixin , Lu Zishao , Lai Zhiying , Fu Wanren , Liu Cheng , Tan Yi , Hao Chunbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in the progression of various cancers. This study was aimed at expounding the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0002141 in the OSCC progression.Materials and MethodsCirc_0002141 expression was examined in 52 pairs of OSCC tissues and matched adjacent tissue samples by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay. After circ_0002141 was overexpressed or knocked down in OSCC cell lines, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were conducted to detect the changes in the growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis of OSCC cells. Western blot assay, qRT‐PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were performed to clarify the interplay among circ_0002141, miR‐1231, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).ResultsCirc_0002141 expression was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0002141 overexpression markedly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells whereas reduced the apoptotic of OSCC cells. Also, circ_0002141 knockdown suppressed the malignant characteristics of OSCC cells. EGFR was validated as the target of miR‐1231. Besides, circ_0002141 could sponge miR‐1231 and upregulate EGFR expression in OSCC cells.ConclusionCirc_0002141/miR‐1231/EGFR axis is involved in the progression of OSCC.
Circulating biomarkers, echocardiographic parameters, and incident subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Philippsen Tine J. , Christensen Lene S. , Nybo Mads , Hansen Michael S. , Dahl Jordi S. , Brandes Axel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term rhythm monitoring (LTRM) can detect undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients at high risk of AF and stroke. Biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters could, however, help identify patients benefitting most from LTRM. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether circulating biomarkers of cardiac and vascular function (brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), copeptin, and mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM)) and echocardiographic parameters were associated with incident subclinical AF (SCAF) in a population at high risk of stroke in the presence of AF. For this purpose, we investigated individuals ≥65 years of age with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but no history or symptoms of AF or other cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe included 82 consecutive patients (median age 71.3 years (IQR 67.4–75.1)). All patients received an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) and were followed for a median of 588 days (IQR 453–712). On the day of ICM implantation, a comprehensive echocardiogram and blood samples were obtained.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 588 days (IQR: 453–712 days), incident SCAF occurred in 17 patients (20.7%) with a median time to first‐detected episode of 91 days (IQR 41–251 days). MR‐proADM (median 0.87 nmol/L (IQR 0.76–1.02) vs 0.78 nmol/L (IQR 0.68–0.98)) and copeptin (median 13 pmol/L (IQR 9–17) vs 8 pmol/L (IQR 4–18)) levels were insignificantly higher in patients with incident SCAF. BNP and cTnI concentrations and echocardiographic parameters were similar in the two groups.ConclusionsMR‐proADM, BNP, cTnI, copeptin, and several echocardiographic parameters were not associated with incident SCAF in this cohort of patients with hypertension and diabetes, but without any underlying CVD.
Photosensitized Dimerization of Tyrosine: The Oxygen Paradox†
Authors: Dántola M. Laura , Neyra Recky Jael R. , Lorente Carolina , Thomas Andrés H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn electron‐transfer initiated photosensitization processes, molecular oxygen (O2) is not involved in the first bimolecular event, but almost always participates in subsequent steps giving rise to oxygenated products. An exception to this general behavior is the photosensitized dimerization of tyrosine (Tyr), where O2 does not participate as a reactant in any step of the pathway yielding Tyr dimers (Tyr2). In the pterin (Ptr) photosensitized oxidation of Tyr, O2 does not directly participate in the formation of Tyr2 and quenches the triplet excited state of Ptr, the reactive species that initiates the process. However, O2 is necessary for the dimerization, phenomenon that we have named as the oxygen paradox. Here, we review the literature on the photosensitized formation of Tyr2 and present results of steady‐state and time resolved experiments, in search of a mechanistic model to explain the contradictory role of O2 in this photochemical reaction system.
Internal entrapment and fearlessness about death as precipitants of suicidal thoughts and planning in the context of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Oakey‐Frost D. Nicolas , Harris Julia A. , May Alexis M. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Tucker Raymond P. , Bryan Craig J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) has been extensively studied but explanatory mechanisms remain inconclusive. Entrapment is one variable that evinces a mechanistic relationship with PTSD and STB. The current study examined the indirect effect of PTSD screen on suicide ideation (SI), planning, and likelihood of future suicide attempt through internal (IE) and external entrapment (EE), moderated by levels of fearlessness about death (FAD).MethodThe cross‐sectional sample consisted of military service members and civilians recruited from primary care clinics across the United States (N = 2690).ResultsModerated mediation models indicated an indirect relationship between a positive PTSD screen, past‐month SI, and past‐month suicide planning through IE but not EE at low, moderate, and high levels of FAD. These relationships were replicated for the association between positive PTSD screen and concurrent self‐rated likelihood of a future suicide attempt through both IE and EE at moderate and high levels of FAD.ConclusionsPhenomenological implications are discussed, including IE as a mechanism of action in the PTSD/SI pathway and FAD as necessary to potentiate suicidal planning for those experiencing IE.
Prediction of the Onset of Failure in Elastomeric Solids With Weld Lines Being Represented as Localized Regions of Lower Density
Authors: Karunakaran C. , Alagappan P. , Kannan K. , Rajagopal K. R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the initiation of damage in a polymeric body in which there is a line defect due to the formation of a “weld line” that occurs when two polymer streams join together and then solidify. We show that damage initiates in the region of weakness, namely the “weld line” based on a criterion for damage that was developed earlier. We also show that if there are other stress concentrators also additionally present, such as a hole, then there is a competition between the stresses induced due to the weakness and the stress as a consequence of the stress concentrator (in this instance a hole). This study adds more credence to the criterion for the initiation of damage that is based completely on knowledge of information at the current configuration of the body, that is, the criterion for damage is not based on the value of quantities that also need information based on a reference configuration such as the stress or strain.
Floating Wind Turbine Model Test to Verify a moordyn Modification for Nonlinear Elastic Materials
Authors: West William M. , Goupee Andrew J. , Allen Chris K. , Viselli Anthony M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As the floating offshore wind industry matures, it has become increasingly important for researchers to determine the next-generation materials and processes that will allow platforms to be deployed in intermediate (50–85 m) water depths, which challenge the efficiency of traditional catenary chain mooring systems and fixed-bottom jacket structures. One such technology, synthetic ropes, has in recent years come to the forefront of this effort. A significant challenge of designing synthetic rope moorings is capturing the complex physics of the materials, which exhibit viscoelastic and nonlinear elastic properties. Currently, numerical tools for modeling the dynamic behavior of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are limited to mooring materials that lack these strain rate-dependent properties and have a linear tension–strain response. In this article, a mooring modeling module, moordyn, which operates within the popular FOWT design and analysis program, openfast, was modified to allow for nonlinear elastic mooring materials to address one of these shortcomings in the numerical tools. Simulations from the modified openfast tool were then compared with 1:52-scale test data for a 6 MW FOWT semi-submersible platform in 55 m of water subjected to representative design load cases. A strong correlation between the simulations and test data was observed.
Modification of a Simplified Hip Joint Simulator Into an ISO 14242-1 Compliant Design and a Comparison of Wear Test Results
Authors: Saikko Vesa , Morad Omar , Viitala Raine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ISO 14242-1 standard for hip joint simulator wear testing specifies a set of test conditions for the simulation of normal level walking in optimal conditions. Since some of the established simulators, such as the 12-station HUT-4, are not ISO 14242-1 compliant, the present study was carried out to answer the following question. Does wear produced in ISO 14242-1 conditions differ from that obtained earlier with the simplified HUT-4 hip joint simulator for similar specimens in normal level walking, optimal conditions? The established HUT-4 hip joint simulator was made ISO compliant by an implementation of a number of modifications. One of the modifications was the design and construction of a novel servo-electric load actuator with a proven dynamic response. The other modifications were related to the Euler sequence of motions, acetabular abduction angle, enclosure of the lubricant chamber, and temperature control. A 5 million-cycle wear test with thin, large-diameter VEXLPE liners resulted in a wear rate close to that obtained earlier with the HUT-4. The burnished bearing surface in both tests was in agreement with clinical retrieval studies. It appeared that a more simple, inexpensive hip joint simulator can reproduce clinical wear mechanisms. However, the simulator must meet certain basic requirements. The most important of these is likely to be the correct type of multidirectional relative motion, for which biaxial motion is sufficient. It is emphasized that the present study was not intended to show a similarity in wear produced by the ISO 14242-1 and HUT-4 wear test systems.
Structural Identification Using Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network
Authors: Kozukue Wakae , Miyaji Hideyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network is applied to the defect identification problem for structures, which is important when constructing the mathematical model of structures. In this study the eigenmodes of a plate obtained from FEM and the location of a defect contained in that plate are used as the training data for neural network and the position of the defect is identified by giving the unlearned input data to the trained network. As a result the better accuracy is obtained compared to the case when using the backpropagation neural network commonly used in the various studies.
The Effect of Uniaxial Cyclic Deformation on the Evolution of Phase Transformation Fronts in Pseudoelastic NiTi Wire
Authors: Iadicola Mark A. , Shaw John A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experiments are presented of the response of pseudoelastic NiTi wires subjected to displacement controlled cycles. A custom built thermo-mechanical testing apparatus is used to control the background temperature field of the wire specimen while allowing the evolution of transformation fronts to be tracked by full field infrared imaging. Two experiments under similar end-displacement histories, but at temperatures ≈8°C apart, are shown to give remarkably different cyclic responses. The mechanical response for the lower temperature experiment continued to soften but retained its shape through 43 partial transformation cycles, and the pattern of transformation fronts seemed to reach a steady state. The response for the higher temperature experiment showed a change in shape of the mechanical response and distinct changes in transformation front patterns over 31 partial transformation cycles.
Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Springs for Passive Vibration Isolation
Authors: Lagoudas Dimitris C. , Khan Mughees M. , Mayes John J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, a basis is set forth for studying the effect of Shape Memory Alloy pseudoelasticity on the behavior of vibrating systems. A physically based model for Shape Memory Alloy psuedoelastic response is modified to predict the component level response of Shape Memory Alloy springs and is integrated into a numerical solution of the non-linear dynamic system that results from the inclusion of Shape Memory Alloy components in a dynamic structural system. The effect of pseudoelasticity on a dynamic system is investigated for various loading levels and system configurations, and the importance of large amplitude motion is discussed. Promising results from these investigations, and the application of these studies to experimental work in progress by the authors are briefly discussed.
Energy Analysis for a Twisting and Bending Coupled Piezoelectric Actuator for Miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Kwak Seung-Keon , Washington Gregory 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this research, we examine aircraft components based on their interaction with the system. This essentially asks the question is there enough energy available (without losses) in a candidate system to meet the energy required. The goal of this research is to highlight this design process with the design and construction of an active aircraft wing. A new twisting and bending coupled piezoelectric actuator based on the spatial aperture shading technique is introduced to build deformable wings. The shaped electrode twisting actuator consists of two layers of PZT-5H (lead zirconate titanate) and one middle layer of steel shim. The directionally shaped electrode technique is applied to achieve the both twisting and bending motions of the actuator. The comparison of an analytical model, a numerical analysis, and actual experimental results for the actuator are given.
Modeling of Large Amplitude Vibration Control of Beams and Cylindrical Deformations of Plates and Shells With Distributed Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Schmidt R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the geometrically nonlinear theory and finite element method for the simulation of large amplitude vibration control of straight and curved beams, or what is equivalent, cylindrical deformations of plates and shells, consisting of a master structure with integrated thin piezoelectric layers or patches. The theory is based on the Bernoulli or Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis, respectively, and constitutes an entirely Lagrangean displacement formulation for small strains with no restrictions imposed on the magnitude of rotations or displacements. Based on modified strain measures the strain-displacement relations are only quadratic in terms of displacements and their gradients. Work-conjugate stress resultants and stress couples are derived from the internal virtual work associated with the first approximation of the strain energy density. Based on the principle of virtual displacements the FE equations for the simulation of static and dynamic response control are derived.