bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betriebliche Mitbestimmung und Gesamtwirtschaft
Authors: Zimmermann Horst 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
In einer kurzen Replik ergänzt Horst Zimmermann den Survey von Claus Schnabel (2020) zur betrieblichen Mitbestimmung in dieser Zeitschrift um einen mit ihr verbundenen Aspekt der volkswirtschaftlichen Beurteilung: den sozialen Frieden.
Thermally stimulated artificial muscles: Bio-inspired approach to reduce thermal deformation of ball screws based on inner-embedded CFRP
Authors: Gao Xiangsheng , Zhang Kuan , Wang Min , Zan Tao , Luo Jiajun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ball screws are the indispensable machine tool components and, as such, influence the positional accuracy of machine tools. The accuracy stability of machine tools is affected by thermal deformation of ball screws resulting from the increase in temperature. Inspired by the distinctive artificial muscle heat behavior, a bio-inspired ball screw was proposed. The proposed ball screw was based on the inner-embedded carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), which restrains the axial expansion through the thermal contraction of CFRP. Additionally, a thermal conductor was mounted between the screw shaft and CFRP to improve the thermal conduction condition. Furthermore, both the simulation analysis and comparative experiments were carried out to compare the bio-inspired ball screw with the standard one. Two working conditions were considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel design, primarily in terms of reducing thermal deformation. Both results show that the proposed approach is effective and can be applied to reduce the thermal deformation of ball screws.
Outcomes of repeat fineneedle aspiration biopsy for AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules
Authors: Bayona Ane , Benavent Patricia , Muriel Alfonso , Abuchaibe Cesar , Sharpe Susan C , Tarasova Valentina , McIver Bryan , Valderrabano Pablo 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To determine the proportion of aspirates reclassified into each Bethesda category and to assess the rates of malignancy in each of them on repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (RFNA) following an AUS/FLUS diagnosis.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis

Methods
On February 2019, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, WoS, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 1, 2007. All studies published in English describing RFNA outcomes in AUS/FLUS nodules were included. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Five investigators independently assessed the eligibility of the studies. Two investigators extracted summary data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The rate of malignancy was calculated on resected nodules only (upper limit of true value); and considering all unresected nodules were benign (lower limit of true value). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019123114).

Results
Of 2937 retrieved studies, 27 were eligible. The meta-analysis was conducted on summary data of 3932 AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules with RFNA. RFNA cytology would reclassify into categories I through VI of Bethesda: 4% (3%, 5%), 48% (43%, 54%), 26% (20%, 32%), 4% (3%, 6%), 5% (3%, 6%), and 2% (1%, 2%) of AUS/FLUS nodules. Malignancy rates of resected nodules were 24% (9%, 38%), 4% (1%, 7%), 40% (28%, 52%), 37% (27%, 47%), 79% (69%, 90%), and 99% (95%, 100%) for categories I through VI of Bethesda. There was high heterogeneity in these data.

Conclusions
RFNA reclassified two-thirds of the AUS/FLUS specimens into a more definitive cytological category, with a benign call rate of nearly 50% and a negative predictive value greater than 96%.
Practica del rap estilo libre en Argentina: antecedentes históricos
Authors: Biaggini Martin 
Published: July 2021

La improvisación como subgénero de la práctica del rap ha ganado auge durante el siglo XXI logrando que muchos grupos de jóvenes se organizaran cooperativamente, por un lado, y que el mercado la incorpore apoyando con publicidades y organizando eventos a nivel internacional, por el otro. En el presente artículo analizo la apropiación de la práctica de improvisación o estilo libre (freestyle) realizada por raperos en Argentina y el surgimiento de batallas de improvisación organizadas en espacios públicos y autogestivas, desde una perspectiva histórica. Como recorte espacial y temporal voy a tomar la ciudad de Buenos Aires y su conurbano, desde la llegada del rap hasta la actualidad, observando cuestiones sociales y estéticas bajo el enfoque de la Historia Oral. Para ello analizo la práctica de la improvisación a través de la clasificación temporal de tres generaciones planteadas desde la Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche: la vieja escuela, la primera generación, y los raperos 2.0.
Bad Bunny y Bach: Mitos e imaginarios culturales
Authors: Castillo Francisco 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo explora la noción de mito e imaginario colectivo, según se manifiestan en las figuras de Bad Bunny (1994-) y de Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750). Bad Bunny ha sido identificado como el depositario de un imaginario que sitúa al reggaetón en tanto género musical que marca la decadencia moral de la cultura. Bach, por el contrario, encabeza el canon de compositores que hacen de la música clásica un paradigma de Arte musical culto y elaborado. La reflexión sugiere que ambas representaciones son parte de una mitología que esconde problemáticas complejas como discriminación de clase y hegemonías culturales violentas. Las conclusiones señalan la desmitificación de ambos músicos como una estrategia para, no solo apreciar de manera más equilibrada su música, sino para atender problemáticas sociales, sin los fanatismos que ambas comunidades musicales promueven en sus mitos.
Análisis de la Violencia de Género y su impacto en la Mujer Estudiante de Policía de la Escuela Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
Authors: Betancur Giraldo Héctor 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo permite la comprensión del fenómeno de la Violencia de Género como problemática social existente en Colombia. A su vez, aborda la violencia de género ejercida contra la mujer estudiante de policía de la Escuela de Policía Carlos Eugenio Restrepo. En él se indagaron percepciones, conocimientos, posiciones y tipos de violencia de género que, en opinión de ellas, se presentaron en la descripción de algunos hechos dados en el proceso formativo. Esto, permitió el acercamiento con la presencia del fenómeno en los hallazgos obtenidos, formulándose sugerencias sobre políticas institucionales para enfrentarlo en la institución policial. Asimismo, fue un trabajo pensado en la construcción de relaciones de equidad y respeto por los Derechos Humanos de la mujer policía. Finalmente, se evidenció que las mujeres estudiantes reconocieron la existencia del fenómeno en la institución, su nivel de importancia, ámbitos más representativos, la identificación de los principales actores, manifestaciones y acciones violentas, los actos de discriminación y el conocimiento de las normas que las protegen en la institución policial y en la sociedad.
Does the micro land snail, Kaliella barrakporensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), exhibit plant preference and aggregation? A spatial scale analysis
Authors: Barman Himangshu , Aditya Gautam 
Published: July 2021

The spatial scale occurrence of the micro land snail Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) in the host plants was assessed in selected sites of West Bengal, India. In course of a survey, the collection of K. barrakporensis from randomly selected plants was accomplished for the purpose of highlighting – (a) distribution in host plants, (b) variation in abundance in different height and (c) the dispersion pattern. Although the snails were observed in seven different plants, the presence was more prominent in the lemon plant (Citrus limon), with an average of about 24 individuals / 100 leaves. The logit based principal component regression indicated significant differences in the choice of the host plants with abundance in C. limon followed by Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which was further substantiated through ANOVA (F(1),6, 69 = 10.918; P < 0.001). The heterogeneity in the distribution of K. barrakporensis at different heights of the plant C. limon was also observed with maximum abundance at about 90cm height with least number of snails at the ground level (F(1)6,139 = 3.797;P < 0.0001). On the basis of the variance to mean ratio (s2/m = 1.847±0.161SE), negative binomial aggregation parameter k (1.034± 0.33 SE) and Lloyd mean crowding (ṁ) (1.083 ± 0.16SE) the dispersion of the snail appeared to comply with the clumped distribution in host plants. Apparently, the micro land snail K. barrakporensis exhibited clumped distribution in selected plant species that serve as the preferred resource and complies with the arboreal adaptation. However, further studies should be initiated on the resource preferences of the micro snail K. barrakporensis, to support conservation initiative and spread beyond native habitats.
Действительно ли ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении является наилучшим измерителем уровня смертности населения?
Authors: Андреев Евгений Михайлович 
Published: July 2021

Принято считать, что наиболее адекватной характеристикой уровня смертности населения в некоторый период времени является показатель «ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении» (ОПЖ). Данный показатель имеет серьезные недостатки, а подобный выбор создает ряд неоправданных трудностей. Главный недостаток – метод расчета ОПЖ до сих пор не унифицирован и, скорее всего, унифицирован быть не может. В силу этого ОПЖ для разных стран и периодов могут быть несравнимы. Данные международной Human Life-Table Database позволяют утверждать, что часто при сравнениях нельзя использовать первый десятичный знак.
Определение ОПЖ требует расчета таблиц смертности для условного поколения календарного периода. Когда уровень смертности быстро снижается, как это происходит в большинстве стран с середины ХХ века, таблицы смертности условного поколения мало что говорят о возрастных закономерностях смертности когорт, но, скорее, формируют ложные впечатления. Подсчет числа человек в условном поколении, которые доживают или не доживают до некоторого возраста, не имеет отношения ни к какой реальной совокупности. Лишь расчет ОПЖ оправдывает построение таблиц смертности.
Переход от возрастных показателей смертности к ОПЖ описывается не формулой, а вычислительной процедурой. Это создает серьезные трудности при попытках оценить влияние на ОПЖ смертности отдельных возрастов, от отдельных причин смерти, в отдельных регионах и группах населения.
Всеми этими недостатками не обладает стандартизованный коэффициент смертности (СКС), расчет которого становится безальтернативным, как только задано стандартное население. Данные Human Mortality Database (Demographic Research 2021) позволили показать, что оценка уровня смертности с помощью СКС почти совпадает с оценкой на основе ОПЖ.
СКС – линейная функция возрастных коэффициентов смертности, поэтому расчет влияния смертности отдельных возрастов, причин смерти, смертности регионов или групп населения на СКС осуществить несложно.
Непрофессионалы воспринимают ОПЖ на интуитивном уровне как длительность человеческой жизни, что, скорее, недостаток показателя. Использование СКС требует больше объяснений. Но в практических исследованиях и в профессиональных публикациях ориентация на СКС облегчит работу и защитит от необоснованных эмоций.
Aile hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda Aspirin kullanımının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BULCA ACAR Aysima , ÖZEN Mehmet 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Aspirin kullanımın amaçlarına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapmak ve hastalarda konuya ilişkin farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve yaşamı boyunca en az bir kez Aspirin kullandığını belirten hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların Aspirin kullanma nedenleri sorgulandı ve hastalar hekim önerisi ile ve hekim önerisi olmadan Aspirin kullananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalara Aspirin kullanım durumları ve klinik özelliklerini değerlendiren sorular soruldu ve yanıtları kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 82’si (%68,9) kadın, 37’si (%31,1) erkek 119 hastanın yaş ortalaması 54,3±1,3 yıl (19-81) olarak bulundu. Hastaların 69’u (%57,99) hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olduğunu belirtirken 50 hasta (%42,01) hekim önerisi dışında kullanım nedeni belirtti. Hekim önerisi dışında kullanımda sadece 13 (%26) hastada Aspirin kullanımının amaca uygun olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların 44’ü (%37) prospektüsü okuduğunu belirtti. Hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olan grupta hastaların hekim tarafından bilgilendirilme oranı %37,7 (26 kişi) idi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımına başvuran hastalarda endikasyon dışında veya endikasyona uygun olmayan dozlarda Aspirin kullanımının oldukça yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastalarda hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımı konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak, risklerin azaltılması yönünde olumlu bir katkı sağlayabilir.
Prediction of Ground-Motion Parameters for the NGA-West2 Database Using Refined Second-Order Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Ji Duofa , Li Chenxi , Zhai Changhai , Dong You , Katsanos Evangelos I. , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
One of the key elements within seismic hazard analysis is the establishment of appropriate ground-motion models (GMMs), which are used to predict the levels of ground-motion intensities by considering various parameters (e.g., source, path, and site). Many empirical GMMs were derived on the basis of a predefined linear or nonlinear equation that is heavily dependent on the a priori knowledge of a functional form that varies between the modelers’ choices. To overcome this issue, this study develops a deep neural network (DNN) trained by the recordings from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (NGA-West2) database. To this end, we collected 20,900 ground motion recordings from the database and randomly split them into the training, validation, and testing datasets. The refined second-order neuron is proposed to solve the problem, and the Adam optimizer is used to optimize the performance of the model. The prediction errors are evaluated by three performance indicators (i.e., R2, root mean square error, mean absolute error), and the predictive results are compared with previous GMMs developed based on the PEER NGA-West2 database. The between-event and within-event standard deviations (SDs) as well as total SDs are calculated and compared. Based on the comparisons, our model maintains consistent performance (e.g., the dependence of predicted intensity measures on seismological and site-specific parameters) with the compared GMM. Its relatively small total SDs, especially for longer periods, confirm that the proposed model is associated with better predictive power.
Seismic Velocity Response to Atmospheric Pressure Using Time-Lapse Passive Seismic Interferometry
Authors: Gradon Chloé , Brenguier Florent , Stammeijer Johannes , Mordret Aurélien , Hindriks Kees , Campman Xander , Lynch Richard , Boué Pierre , Chmiel Malgorzata 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Seismic velocities in the shallow crust down to a few kilometers depth show a remarkable sensitivity to stress perturbations due to the presence of compliant pores, cracks, fractures, and faults. Monitoring temporal changes of seismic velocities can thus provide key insights on dynamic processes affecting the shallow crust such as those related to the atmosphere (rainfall, barometric pressure, and temperature) and those with deeper tectonic and volcanic origins. In this work, we investigate the specific response of the near surface down to 300 m depth to atmospheric pressure variations. We conduct a four month passive seismic monitoring experiment in the desert of Oman using continuous noise recorded at geophones located within five wells. The results show a clear, direct correlation between seismic velocities and barometric pressure variations for monthly transients. At a longer, seasonal temporal scale, seismic velocities are stable, whereas atmospheric pressure shows a clear positive trend. We use the undrained coupled poroelastic theory to model these observations and find that the lack of seasonal velocity changes can be partly explained by the atmospheric pressure that diffuses into the pores with a strong hydraulic diffusivity likely higher than 100  m2/s consistent with the local geology referring to carbonates. Finally, the comparison between the modeled and observed velocity changes leads to estimate a velocity–stress sensitivity on the order of 6.3×10−7  Pa−1 which is consistent with previous studies. Using this result for calibration, we find that a sudden step-change drop of velocity of 0.015% occurring in the beginning of October 2019 and corresponding to a stress perturbation likely larger than 240 Pa affected the entire studied area. This small change could be related to a perturbation at greater depth associated with variations in the production rates within the underlying reservoir.
Factors affecting overall survival in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. Experience of one center
Authors: Kuchin D.  M. , Kolesnik Ya.  I. , Torgomyan H.  G. , Zagainov V.  E. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To identify major factors affecting the overall survival (OS). To select the cohort of patients with the best prognosis.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis included data of 268 patients, 128 men and 140 women, with median age of 59±10,53 (30 to 83) years. For multivariate analysis of survival, patients were selected who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.Results. Our study demonstrated that histologically verified vascular invasion (detected only in 30 % of patients who underwent PD with resection of the major vessels) statistically significantly affected the OS. The increased CA19-9 level over 500 U / L (detected in 32,3 % of cases) is the factor that significantly worsens the OS. Patients with high grade adenocarcinoma have significantly better survival rates compared with patients who have moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.014; median 26 months, 95 % CI 4.4–47.6 versus median 17 months, 95 % CI 15–19, an median: 13 months, 95 % CI 5–21, respectively). Also, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has a positive effect on long-term outcomes (p = 0.0001; median 26 months, 95 % CI 21.7–30.3 versus median 13 months, 95 % CI 11.3–14.7).Conclusion. A well-differentiated tumor and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increase the OS of patients. Poorly differentiated tumor, CA19-9 level over 500 U / mL and the histologically confirmed vascular invasion significantly worsen the prognosis of these patients.
Analysis of the scope of surgical breast cancer treatment in countries with the low associated mortality-to-incidence ratio (review)
Authors: Andreev D.  A. , Kashurnikov A.  Yu. , Zavyalov A.  A. 
Published: July 2021

The worldwide implementation of «breakthrough» surgical approaches such as breast-conserving techniques, the development of mammoplasty, as well as new guidelines for performing biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes incentivized the transition to a higher level of quality in breast cancer care. This review summarizes the modern tendencies in audits of main breast cancer surgical treatments based on last experience of few countries demonstrating the low breast cancer mortality and high incidence (lowest breast cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio).
Chemical classification of MDM2 inhibitors
Authors: Gohil Chirag J , Noolvi Malleshappa N , Patel Chhaganbhai N , Sen Dhrubo Jyoti 
Published: July 2021

MDM2 inhibitors class of anti-neoplastic drugs has been evolve after the successful discovery of the nutlins and other potent inhibitors. MDM2 inhibitors can specifically target the tumour cells in the body, by selectively reactivating the inhibited p53 function in the tumour cells.None of the compound of this class has been entered into the market till date, all are under clinical trials. Hence, various researcher classifies them according to their p53 topology mimetic property and as per their peptide type or non-peptide type.Synthetic peptide type of inhibitors can mimic the conformation of p53 helix. Whereas, small organic molecule (non-peptide) type of MDM2 inhibitors have been further subdivided as Non α-helix mimetics (small molecule inhibitors) and α-helix mimetics. In a line with synthetic inhibitors, many potent MDM2 inhibitors are derived from the natural origin (marine, fungus). Therefore, keeping in a view of all these characteristics, here we have classified them as per best of our knowledge.
Study on prevalence of obesity in urban and rural adolescents in Odisha: Implications for public health strategies
Authors: Kar Manoj , Behera Sasmita 
Published: July 2021

Obesity and overweight have become a worldwide public health challenge and there is an urgent need to examine prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The aim of the present research is to determine health status with respect to obesity of urban & rural adolescents. The data were derived from cross-sectional sampling of adolescent boys and girls of urban and rural population. Age, gender and body mass Index was used to define overweight and obesity. The overweight and obesity were considered using an updated body mass index reference based on the revised consensus guidelines for India. It is observed that the average height and weight, physical growth of adolescents of urban area is greater than that of rural area irrespective of their gender. The BMI (Body Mass Index) of urban adolescents are more than their counterparts in rural area, but the mean BMI of rural and urban adolescents are significantly different. On the other hand BMI do not show any variation due to gender, area and gender considered together. Most of the adolescents irrespective of their area of residence, in spite of their long hours of sedentary behavior are falling under normal category. The result showed physical activities did influence change in BMI, which has a strong independent association with family history of obesity in both rural and urban adolescents. This study analysis showed an increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents especially with male gender, calling for an urgent need for targeted preventive measures targeting undernutrition and overweight involving public health nutrition interventions for healthy public policies and implementation of equitable nutrition interventions for optimizing public health outcomes for those populations in greater need.