bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Prioritization of Causal Genes for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hao Ke , Ermel Raili , Sukhavasi Katyayani , Cheng Haoxiang , Ma Lijiang , Li Ling , Amadori Letizia , Koplev Simon , Franzén Oscar , d’Escamard Valentina , Chandel Nirupama , Wolhuter Kathryn , Bryce Nicole S. , Venkata Vamsidhar R.M. , Miller Clint L. , Ruusalepp Arno , Schunkert Heribert , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Kovacic Jason C. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Hundreds of candidate genes have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) through genome-wide association studies. However, a systematic way to understand the causal mechanism(s) of these genes, and a means to prioritize them for further study, has been lacking. This represents a major roadblock for developing novel disease- and gene-specific therapies for patients with CAD. Recently, powerful integrative genomics analyses pipelines have emerged to identify and prioritize candidate causal genes by integrating tissue/cell-specific gene expression data with genome-wide association study data sets.

Methods:
We aimed to develop a comprehensive integrative genomics analyses pipeline for CAD and to provide a prioritized list of causal CAD genes. To this end, we leveraged several complimentary informatics approaches to integrate summary statistics from CAD genome-wide association studies (from UK Biobank and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) with transcriptomic and expression quantitative trait loci data from 9 cardiometabolic tissue/cell types in the STARNET study (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task).

Results:

We identified 162 unique candidate causal CAD genes, which exerted their effect from between one and up to 7 disease-relevant tissues/cell types, including the arterial wall, blood, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose, foam cells, and macrophages. When their causal effect was ranked, the top candidate causal CAD genes were
CDKN2B
(associated with the 9p21.3 risk locus) and
PHACTR1
; both exerting their causal effect in the arterial wall. A majority of candidate causal genes were represented in cross-tissue gene regulatory co-expression networks that are involved with CAD, with 22/162 being key drivers in those networks.

Conclusions:
We identified and prioritized candidate causal CAD genes, also localizing their tissue(s) of causal effect. These results should serve as a resource and facilitate targeted studies to identify the functional impact of top causal CAD genes.
Enhanced Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon since the Late 1970s
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Feng Juan , Chen Wen , Hu Kaiming , Chen Shangfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has major impacts on East Asian climate. Here it is shown that, since the late 1970s, the TBO signal of EASM has strengthened significantly. The EASM TBO in wind anomalies undergoes a transition from a cyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPC) in the preceding summer to an anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC) in the following summer, with the anomalies strengthening remarkably after the late 1970s. Correspondingly, the biennial components of precipitation anomalies in eastern China show different distributions. Both observational and numerical simulation analyses demonstrate that these changes are caused by the westward shift of El Niño warming and enhanced Indo-Pacific and Atlantic–Pacific coupling. The positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are associated with the TBO of the EASM shift toward the central Pacific after the late 1970s, which favors the strengthening of the WNPC and causes a weakened EASM. In following summer, both the north Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic SST warming have been closely coupled with El Niño since the late 1970s, which favors the strengthening of WNPAC and causes an intensified EASM. Together, these changes provide more a favorable background state for the transition of circulation anomalies over the western North Pacific, giving rise to enhanced biennial variability in EASM in the late 1970s.
Cost Effective Virtual Intensive Care Unit Expanding Capabilities in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Dudas Lauren M. , Bardes James M. , Wagner Afton K. , White Teresa , Wilson Alison M. 
Published: December 2021

Background Tele-consults provide access to specialized care for a specific question and single point in time. eICU models utilize remote monitoring and ordering but have significant financial burden. We developed a virtual intensive care unit (VICU) for daily input of an intensivist working with local physicians. The purpose was to expand the acute care ability of the critical access hospital (CAH). The study evaluates the impact on the CAH and system. Methods The CAH developed an ICU team, led by a hospitalist, who staffed the intensive care unit (ICU). The CAH ICU team rounds daily via a secure video link to provide care in consultation with intensivists based at a university, tertiary care center (TC). A retrospective analysis was conducted 6 months before and after implementation (4/2018-3/2019). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention with significance at P < .04. Results After VICU implementation, there were 265 initial daily and 35 follow-up consults. Monthly transfers to a higher level of care decreased from 63 to 57 ( P = .03). Transfers to TC increased from 49.6 to 62.0% ( P = .001). Critical access hospital average monthly census and average monthly inpatient days increased (69 to 130 ( P < .0001) and 158 to 319 ( P < .0001), respectively). Critical access hospital physicians report increased comfort to admit ICU and non-ICU patients due to the program. The total startup cost was $5180. CAH hired 11 providers. There were no unanticipated deaths. Discussion VICU implementation resulted in new CAH jobs. The CAH experienced increased inpatient census and revenues (ICU and non-ICU) while decreasing patients transferred out of the system.
Trauma Surgeons’ Perceptions of Resuscitating Lethally Injured Patients for Organ Preservation
Authors: Peetz Allan , Kuzemchak Marie , Hammack Catherine , Guillamondegui Oscar D , Dennis Bradley M, , Eastham Shannon , Meador Keith , Beskow Laura , Patel Mayur 
Published: December 2021

Background Trauma surgeons face a challenge when deciding whether to resuscitate lethally injured patients whose organ donor status is unknown. Data suggests practice pattern variability in this setting, but little is known about why. Materials and Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with trauma surgeons practicing in Level 1 or 2 trauma centers in Tennessee. Interviews focused on ethical dilemmas and resource constraints. Analysis was performed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Response rate was 73% (11/15). Four key themes emerged. All described resuscitating patients to buy time to collect more definitive clinical information and to identify family. Some acknowledged this served the secondary purpose of organ preservation. 11/11 participants felt a primacy of obligation to the patient in front of them even after it became apparent, they could not personally benefit. For 9/11 (82%), the moral obligation to consider organ preservation was secondary/balancing; 2/11 (18%) felt it was irrelevant/immoral. Resource allocation was commonly considered. All participants expressed some limitation to resources they would allocate. All participants conveyed clear moral agency in determining resuscitation extent when the goal was to save the patient’s life, however this was less clear when resuscitating for organ preservation. Across themes, perceptions of a “standard practice” existed but the described practices were not consistent across interviewees. Discussion Widely ranging perceptions regarding ethical and resource considerations underlie practices resuscitating toward organ preservation. Common themes suggest a lack of consensus. Despite expressed beliefs, there is no identifiable standard of practice amongst trauma surgeons resuscitating in this setting.
Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Shashemene Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Anota Aliyi , Nedi Teshome 
Published: December 2021

Background: Hypertension is public health challenge worldwide. It is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure (BP), systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication in adults older than 18 years. The aim of this study was to assess blood pressure control and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department of Shashemene Referral Hospital. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted to determine level of blood pressure control and associated factors among hypertensive patients on medical follow-up. A medical chart review and interview was conducted from July 1 to October 31 2018. Result: A total of 325 participants were included in this study with response rate of 320 (98.5%). More than half of study participants were males 171 (53.4%). The mean age of the respondents was 55.10 (SD ± 12.7) years and majority of the respondents 191 (59.7%) were within age of less than 60 years old. The mean Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 131.80 mmHg (SD ± 20.92) while the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 82.30 mmHg (SD ± 10.52). About 51.30% of study participants had a controlled SBP and 54.7% had a controlled DBP. The overall control of BP was achieved in 40.3% of the study participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, experience of side effects, frequency of BP measuring, number of antihypertensive drugs used, duration on antihypertensive, source of medication and physical exercise showed significant association with blood pressure control. Conclusion: Blood pressure control level among chronic hypertensive patients at outpatient department was low. Age of patients, educational level, experience of side effects, and number of antihypertensive drugs used were important determinant factors associated with blood pressure control among study participants.
Modeling Occupational Fingernail Onycholysis Disorders in the Population of US Astronauts Who Have Engaged in Extravehicular Activity
Authors: Reid Christopher R. , Charvat Jacqueline M. , Mcfarland Shane M. , Norcross Jason R. , Benson Elizabeth , England Scott , Rajulu Sudhakar 
Published: December 2021

Objectives Spacesuits are designed to be reliable personal spacecraft that preserve the life and well-being of the astronaut from the extremes of space. However, materials, operating pressures, and suit design requirements often result in a risk of musculoskeletal discomfort and injury to various areas of the body. In particular, this investigation looked at fingernails and their risk of developing onycholysis. Methods An onycholysis literature review was followed by a retrospective analysis of injury characteristics, astronaut suited training and spaceflight events, hand anthropometry, glove sizing, and astronaut demographics. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of onycholysis occurrence by testing potential risk variables against the dataset compiled from the retrospective data mining. Results The duration of event exposure, type of glove used, distance (delta) between the fingertip and the tip of the glove, sex, and age were found to be significantly related to occurrence of onycholysis (whether protective or injurious). Conclusion An initial risk formula (model) for onycholysis was developed as a result of this investigation. In addition to validation through a future study, further improvement to this onycholysis equation and spacesuit discomfort and injury in general can be aided by future investigations that lead to better definition of the threshold between safe and risky exposure for each type of risk factor. Application This work described a potential method that can be used for EVA spacesuit glove onycholysis injury risk analysis for either iterative glove design or between glove comparisons, such as during a product downselect process.
Study on covert administration of medications practices among persons with severe mental illness: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hegde Prakyath R , Gowda Guru S , Vajawat Bhavika , Basavaraju Vinay , Moirangthem Sydney , Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari , Bada Math Suresh 
Published: December 2021

Background: Covert administration of medication (CoAdM) by caregivers to persons with severe mental illness (SMI) is a commonly observed medication delivery practice in India. Aims: This study aims to examine different medication delivery practices adopted by caregivers to provide care to SMI at times of medication refusal. Method: This study was conducted at the outpatient department between April 2019 and November 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the caregivers of persons with SMI to assess medication delivery practices. Results: A total of 300 caregivers were interviewed. CoAdM was practiced in 96 (32.0%) persons with SMI at least once during their lifetime, and other strategies used were pleading ( n = 105, 35.0%), lying ( n = 10, 3.3%), and threatening ( n = 154, 51.4%). Logistic regression showed that male gender (OR 4.75; CI 1.37–16.46), absent insight (OR 10.0; CI 2.01–47.56), and poor adherence to medication (OR 4.75; CI 1.31–16.92) were significantly associated with CoAdM in the last 1 year. Caregivers perceived significant improvement in self-care ( Z = −4.37, p < .01), interpersonal ( Z = −7.61, p < .01), work ( Z = −5.9, p < .01), family functioning ( Z = −7.82, p < .01) difficult behavior ( Z = −8.27, p < .01), and dependency ( Z = −6.34, p < .01) in persons with SMI with use of CoAdM. Conclusions: CoAdM was given to one in three persons with SMI at some point in their lives. Male gender, absent insight and poor adherence were predictive of CoAdM in the last 1 year. Caregiver perceived improvements in self-care, work, interpersonal, family functioning, problem behaviors, and dependency after CoAdM. Policies need to be evolved to serve all stakeholders while keeping these practices in mind.
The biopsychosocial-spiritual factors influencing relapse of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Maramis Margarita M , Sofyan Almahdy Muhammad , Atika Atika , Bagus Jaya Lesmana Cokorda , Gerick Pantouw Jakobus 
Published: December 2021

Objective: High relapse rate of patients with schizophrenia has a large impact on patients and their families that can be reviewed from biopsychosocial and spiritual factors. Determining all the potential risk factors of relapse in schizophrenia can help increase awareness of physicians, patients, and families. Physicians are the ones who examine patients and have responsibility to manage and educate them and expect to prevent relaps. This study analyze various biopsychosocial and spiritual factors affecting relapse occurrence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Cross sectional observational analytic study on 226 subjects with schizophrenia in three places in East Java, Indonesia, namely Soetomo Academic Hospital Surabaya (33.2%), Menur Hospital Surabaya (32.7%), and Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mental Hospital Lawang (34.1%) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection including 33 biopsychosocial and spiritual factors and were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Relapse rate within 1 year was 59.73%. There were 12 factors significantly affected the relapse of schizophrenia, namely history of physical disease of mothers during pregnancy ( p < .001; B = 27.31; 95% CI 3.96–188.52), presence of trigger ( p < .000; B = 6.25; 95% CI 2.61–14.96), negative beliefs ( p < .000; B = 4.94; 95% CI 2.10–11.61), hereditary factors ( p < .001; B = 4.84; 95% CI 1.93–12.10), insight ( p < .003; B = 4.27; 95% CI 1.62–11.27), 1-year GAF Scale ( p < .015; B = 3.79; 95% CI 1.30–11.09), response to treatment ( p < .006; B = 3.68; 95% CI 1.45–9.36), family knowledge ( p < .011; B = 3.23; 95% CI 1.31–7.93), history of head trauma ( p < .029; B = 3.13; 95% CI 1.13–8.69), medication side effects ( p < .028; B = 2.92; 95% CI 1.12–7.61), substance use history ( p < .031; B = 2.86; 95% CI 1.10–7.45), and occupation ( p < .040; B = 2.40; 95% CI 1.04–5.52). Conclusions: The 12 factors of biopsychosocial-spiritual are determinant to predict the risk of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. These factors should be emphasized in psychoeducation for patients and their families to enable intervention and relapse prevention.
Mental health of Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Çimen İrem Damla , Alvur Tuncay Müge , Coşkun Bülent , Şükür Nur Ece Öztaş 
Published: December 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease emerged in 2019, spread in Turkey as all over the world rapidly. In this process, young people began to experience some mental problems due to the fear of contagion, as well as some changes in their lifestyles. Aims: In this study it is aimed to investigate anxiety and depression levels of medical school students and the factors associated with these mental problems. Method: The forms were sent over the internet to the officials responsible for medical education at universities in various regions of Turkey. A total of 2,778 medical faculty students were included in the study. Students were asked to fill out the sociodemographic data form, the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Test. Results: Students’ 67.3% were female and 31.7% were male. About 90.2% of the students in the PHQ-9 scale had depressive symptoms in the major depressive disorder (MDD) dimension, and 44.5% in the GAD-7 scale had moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. Gender, being a preclinical student, history of psychiatric treatment in the past, currently receiving psychiatric treatment, death of someone due to pandemic, economic and health situation, perception of mental health were found associated with MDD and Moderate/Severe Anxiety symptoms. Students with Anxiety and MDD reported significantly more anxiety about contamination and negative beliefs about precautions’ sufficiency. Conclusions: It was determined that medical school students in our country showed anxiety and depression at a remarkable level during the pandemic. Examining the underlying causes of these high rates will be beneficial in terms of taking precautions during the long-term pandemic. In literature, there are a limited number of studies on this subject in our country, we believe that our study will be useful in future studies to determine the underlying causes of mental illnesses and what can be done to help students.
Improving resilience in mothers with schizophrenic sons: A group movie analysis
Authors: Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita , Manoochehri Mina 
Published: December 2021

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of film screening for raising awareness and improving treatment in various clinical groups. This study not only focused on film screening but also paid special attention to pre-screening group analysis to explore the effectiveness of group movie analysis on mothers with schizophrenic sons. Methods: The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The research population included all mothers with schizophrenic sons who had enrolled in the Iranian Society Supporting Individuals with Schizophrenia in Tehran in 2021. The participants were 30 mothers with schizophrenic sons who were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants in the intervention group attended 12 film therapy analysis sessions (one session per week). The data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of resilience for the participants before ( M = 28.89) and after the film therapy analysis intervention ( M = 52.56, F = 6.15, p = .0001). Conclusion: Film therapy analysis was effective in improving the resilience of mothers with schizophrenic sons. It seems that movie screening with the group analysis afterward contributed to sharing the experiences of caring for the sick child and creating a sense of empathy in mothers. Thus, group movie analysis can be used as a suitable option to reduce the psychological distress of mothers with schizophrenic sons and improve their quality of life.
High performance biobased pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foams from facile prepared castor oil-based polyol: Good compatibility with pentane series blowing agent
Authors: Omrani Ismail 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, biobased and environmentally friendly rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) from high hydroxyl value castor oil-based polyols have been prepared without the addition of petroleum-based polyols in the formulation. The new Biopolyol with high hydroxyl value was designed on the basis of the analysis of functionality, structure and hydroxyl value relation and synthesized directly from castor oil in a facile one-pot three-step system. A series of Biopolyols with hydroxyl values in the range of 550–650 mg KOH/g were obtained through transesterification, epoxidation, and hydrolysis. The Biopolyol chemical structure was characterized using FT-IR,1H NMR spectroscopies. The formulated blend polyol with amine catalysts and cyclopentane as a blowing agent have good cyclopentane solubility and phase separation between cyclopentane and polyol was not observed after 30 days. The foaming characteristics were evaluated and improved results were obtained. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, compressive strength, morphology, dimensional stability, density, and foam flow of the RPUFs were characterized. The results are compared with RPUF prepared using standard commercial polyether polyols for pour-in-place RPUFs. The prepared biobased RPUFs from Biopolyol was able to reach the required satisfactory properties for the appliance industry.
Neonatal and Postneonatal Death Clustering Among Siblings in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018
Authors: Paul Ronak , Rashmi Rashmi , Srivastava Shobhit 
Published: December 2021

Despite knowledge of neonatal and postneonatal mortality determinants in Bangladesh, some families continue to lose a larger share of children, a phenomenon known as early-life mortality clustering. This study uses the random intercept Weibull survival regression model to explore the correlation of mortality risk among siblings at the family (or, mother) and community levels. Utilizing the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018, we found evidence of death scarring, where children whose previous sibling was not alive at the time of conception had significantly higher odds of neonatal mortality. Moreover, the neonatal (and postneonatal) mortality hazard was highest for children with a birth interval of fewer than 19 months, corresponding to the preceding sibling. The intraclass correlation coefficient's statistically significant values show that neonatal and postneonatal mortality risk is correlated among children of the same family and community. The findings suggest focusing on high-risk families and communities to reduce the mortality level effectively.