bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico‐chemical and functional properties of legume protein, starch, and dietary fiber—A review
Authors: Keskin Semin Ozge , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Ahmed Jasim , Shaikh Marium , Siddiq Muhammad , Uebersax Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLegumes have gained increased dietary importance in recent years due to their recognized health benefits. Recent plant protein revolution has elevated legumes to the forefront from consumers' and food industry's perspective. Unlike cereal proteins and starches, there is a scarcity of information on the structural properties of legume starches. Consumption of legume‐derived dietary fibers have a positive impact on the human health, in particular, gut health, which is a current research focus for nutrition and health professionals. Knowledge of legume ingredients properties (e.g., protein denaturation, starch gelatinization, pasting, and thermal properties) could aid in understanding functionality and potential uses of these materials. The physicochemical, thermal, and the functional properties of legume proteins, starches, and dietary fibers are elucidated. Both the food ingredient manufacturers and research and development professionals in the food industry can benefit from the information provided in this review article.
Clarifying the concept of a learning health system for healthcare delivery organizations: Implications from a qualitative analysis of the scientific literature
Authors: Easterling Douglas , Perry Anna C. , Woodside Rachel , Patel Tanha , Gesell Sabina B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe “learning health system” (LHS) concept has been defined in broad terms, which makes it challenging for health system leaders to determine exactly what is required to transform their organization into an LHS. This study provides a conceptual map of the LHS landscape by identifying the activities, principles, tools, and conditions that LHS researchers have associated with the concept. Through a multi‐step screening process, two researchers identified 79 publications from PubMed (published before January 2020) that contained information relevant to the question, “What work is required of a healthcare organization that is operating as an LHS?” Those publications were coded as to whether or not they referenced each of 94 LHS elements in the taxonomy developed by the study team. This taxonomy, named the Learning Health Systems Consolidated Framework (LHS‐CF), organizes the elements into five “bodies of work” (organizational learning, translation of evidence into practice, building knowledge, analyzing clinical data, and engaging stakeholders) and four “enabling conditions” (workforce skilled for LHS work, data systems and informatics technology in place, organization invests resources in LHS work, and supportive organizational culture). We report the frequency that each of the 94 elements was referenced across the 79 publications. The four most referenced elements were: “organization builds knowledge or evidence,” “quality improvement practices are standard practice,” “patients and family members are actively engaged,” and “organizational culture emphasizes and supports learning.” By dissecting the LHS construct into its component elements, the LHS‐CF taxonomy can serve as a useful tool for LHS researchers and practitioners in defining the aspects of LHS they are addressing. By assessing how often each element is referenced in the literature, the study provides guidance to health system leaders as to how their organization needs to evolve in order to become an LHS ‐ while also recognizing that each organization should emphasize elements that are most aligned with their mission and goals.
On doubly critical coupled systems involving fractional Laplacian with partial singular weight
Authors: Yang Tao 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the doubly critical coupled systems involving fractional Laplacian in with partial singular weight:wheres∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤α, β< 2s<n, 0 <m<n, ,η1, η2> 1, ,γ1, γ2<γH, and is some explicit constant. By establishing new embedding results involving partially weighted Morrey norms in the product space , we provide sufficient conditions under which a weak nontrivial solution of (0.1) exists via variational methods. We also extend these results top‐Laplacian systems especially.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the quality of life of patients with neuromuscular disorders in the Lombardy area, Italy
Authors: Gagliardi Delia , Costamagna Gianluca , Abati Elena , Mauri Eleonora , Brusa Roberta , Scudeller Luigia , Andreoli Luca , Citterio Gaia , Piccin Eleonora , Magri Francesca , Meneri Megi , Velardo Daniele , Sciacco Monica , Bresolin Nereo , Corti Stefania , Comi Giacomo Pietro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction:/AimsPatients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), including many elderly, immunosuppressed, and disabled individuals, may have been particularly affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Lombardy, a COVID‐19 high‐incidence area between February and May 2020. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) and perceived disease burden of this group of patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional phone‐based survey study between June 1 and June 14, 2020, on a sample of 240 NMD patients followed at our clinic in Milan, Italy. We asked about perceived NMD burden and QoL before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We collected responses on access to outpatient care and ancillary services. We investigated the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19 infection and confirmed cases.ResultsWe collected 205 responses: 53 patients (25.9%) reported a subjective worsening of the underlying NMD. QoL measures showed a significant worsening between pre and pandemic time frames (odds ratio, 2.14 95%; confidence interval, 1.82–2.51). Outpatient visits were postponed in more than half of cases (57.1%), with 104 patients (50.7%) experiencing a cancellation of scheduled diagnostic tests. 79 patients (38.5%) reported at least one symptom attributable to COVID‐19 infection. Among the 10 patients tested with nasopharyngeal swabs, 6 tested positive and 3 died from respiratory failure, including 2 patients on corticosteroid/ immunosuppressive therapy.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic affected QoL and limited access to outpatient care and ancillary services of NMD patients in Lombardy between February and May 2020.
Differentiation of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid intraplaque hemorrhage using 3D high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted stack of stars imaging
Authors: Kim Seong‐Eun , Parker Dennis L. , Roberts John A. , Treiman Gerald S. , Alexander Matthew , Baradaran Hediyeh , de Havenon Adam , McNally J. Scott 
Published: July 2021

Ischemic events related to carotid disease are far more strongly associated with plaque instability than stenosis. 3D high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging can provide quantitative diffusion measurements on carotid atherosclerosis and may improve detection of vulnerable intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). The 3D DW‐stack of stars (SOS) sequence was implemented with 3D SOS acquisition combined with DW preparation. After simulation of signals created from 3D DW‐SOS, phantom studies were performed. Three healthy subjects and 20 patients with carotid disease were recruited. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were statistically analyzed on three subgroups by using a two‐group comparison Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test with p values less than 0.05: symptomatic versus asymptomatic; IPH‐positive versus IPH‐negative; and IPH‐positive symptomatic versus asymptomatic plaques to determine the relationship with plaque vulnerability. ADC values calculated by 3D DW‐SOS provided values similar to those calculated from other techniques. Mean ADC of symptomatic plaque was significantly lower than asymptomatic plaque (0.68 ± 0.18 vs. 0.98 ± 0.16 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). ADC was also significantly lower in IPH‐positive versus IPH‐negative plaque (0.68 ± 0.13 vs. 1.04 ± 0.11 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). Additionally, ADC was significantly lower in symptomatic versus asymptomatic IPH‐positive plaque (0.57 ± 0.09 vs. 0.75 ± 0.11 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). Our results provide strong evidence that ADC measurements from 3D DW‐SOS correlate with the symptomatic status of extracranial internal carotid artery plaque. Further, ADC improved discrimination of symptomatic plaque in IPH. These data suggest that diffusion characteristics may improve detection of destabilized plaque leading to elevated stroke risk.
Preparation of antibacterial down fibers by chemical grafting using novel guanidine salt oligomer
Authors: Shentu Xuanyu , Guan Yong , Wang Lili , Pan Jin , Zheng Anna , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel antimicrobial agent polypentamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PPMG) was prepared by melt polycondensation with pentamethylenediamine and guanidine hydrochloride. The effects of reaction conditions on the molecular structure of PPMG were investigated. In order to develop value‐added down fibers with efficient and durable antibacterial performance, PPMG was grafted onto down fibers using glutaric dialdehyde as the coupling agent. It was confirmed that PPMG was successfully grafted onto down fibers through chemical bonding, and the grafting efficiencies were above 80%. The inhibition rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the modified down fibers reached over 99.9%, and such antimicrobial properties were still maintained after 20 washings with water or detergent.
Relationships of tensile strength with crosslink density for the high‐carbon black‐filledEPDMcompounds with various softeners
Authors: Tu Jieyun , Shi Xinghui , Jing Yuanrong , Zou Huimin , Kadlcak Jakub , Yong Zhanfu , Liu Susu , Liu Guangyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEquilibrium swelling and rheological tests were adopted to systematically investigate the effects of softener type and dosage on the crosslink densities. The results turned out that the chemical crosslink density could be distinguished from the physical crosslink density by comparing the results of equilibrium swelling and rheological tests. The liquid butadiene (LB) as a softener leads to the greatest reduction in crosslink density, followed by polyethylene wax (PW) and paraffinic oil (PO). The tensile strength decreases with increasing PO content while shows peak values with increase of LB and PW contents. The dependencies of chemical crosslink density on the aging time under 150°C are quite different for the three softeners, which can be expected from the double crosslinking networks consisting of small softener and large main crosslinking networks. Further investigation has been performed to correlate the tensile strength with chemical crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer vulcanizates. Three different linear relationships can be obtained for the softeners independent of the aging time. It can now be expected from this study that the role of some new softeners in rubber compounds is not only confined to plasticization but also forms crosslinking networks in the peroxide‐cured rubbers.
Patient‐centered outcomes: Domain importance predicts health care use following physical therapy
Authors: Zeppieri Giorgio , George Steven Z. , Bialosky Joel , Lentz Trevor A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying patients with musculoskeletal pain who are at risk for additional health care use is important for improving the value of physical therapists' services. We previously identified three subgroups based on the importance attached by patients to improvements in outcome domains including a (1) Pain and Function Outcomes Important subgroup; (2) Pain Important subgroup; and (3) Multiple Outcome Domains Important subgroup.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to determine whether subgroups based on patient‐determined outcomes of importance predicted any additional pain‐related health care use after an episode of physical therapy. A secondary aim was to determine if subgroup membership predicted use of specific services.DesignSecondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort.SettingAmbulatory outpatient physical therapy clinics.PatientsTwo hundred forty‐six patients seeking physical therapy recruited from the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome (OSPRO) cohort study.InterventionsPatients completed a demographic and health history questionnaire, numeric pain rating scale, region‐specific disability measure, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Subgroup membership was determined based on responses to the Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire. At 1 year, patients reported use of health care since discharge from physical therapy. Separate logistic regression models determined whether subgroup membership predicted additional health care use.ResultsCompared to the Pain and Function Outcomes Important subgroup, the Pain Important subgroup had higher adjusted odds (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the primary outcome of any additional health care use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.47, 95% CI 1.01–6.00) and secondary outcomes of opioid use (aOR 9.45, 95% CI 2.87–31.17), injection (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.25–13.41), and surgery (aOR 5.10, 95% CI 1.15–22.67). There were no significant differences in health care utilization between the Pain and Function Outcomes Important and Multiple Outcome Domains Important subgroups.ConclusionIn this cohort, patients with a singular focus on pain improvements were at higher risk for additional health care, including opioid use, injection, and surgery. These findings are exploratory and need to be confirmed in other cohorts.
Multiscale model of hepatitis C virus dynamics in plasma and liver following combination therapy
Authors: Woot de Trixhe Xavier , Krzyzanski Wojciech , Vermeulen An , Perez‐Ruixo Juan José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work explores the application of a physiologically structured population (PSP) framework in modeling hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics. To do so, a model was developed for the viral RNA load in plasma and liver as observed in 15 patients treated with a combination therapy of pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir. By including both intracellular and extracellular processes of the HCV lifecycle, the model provided a description of the treatment effect on the intracellular HCV lifecycle. Combining PSP models with a nonlinear mixed effects approach in a single model permits a natural inclusion of the direct‐acting antiviral effect on intracellular processes, which can then be integrated with the viral kinetics within the host while accounting for the interindividual variability between patients. This should allow an exploration of the treatment effect within the entire chronic HCV‐infected population.
A novel encountered‐type master device with precise manipulation for robot‐assisted microsurgery
Authors: Kim Duk Sang , Yang Un‐Je , Cheon Byungsik , Baek Donghoon , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe unconstrained master devices have emerged as attractive alternatives to the existing linkage‐based counterparts. However, the conventional unconstrained master device's manipulation methods have several disadvantages in efficiency and precision.MethodsWe propose an encountered‐type master device based on an electromagnetic tracking solution with a prismatic joint at the tip, capable of continuous spatial manipulation with the tip supported on the surface. We performed path‐following task and pointing tasks to analyze the performance of the master device.ResultsThe most convenient, efficient, accurate positioning and precise pointing were possible with a closed loop support condition. Moreover, the tasks under this condition were also completed with higher accuracy, and precision when applying lower motion scale factors.ConclusionsThe proposed master device allowed precise and accurate manipulation for microsurgical tasks. Compared with the conventional unconstrained master devices, the proposed master device provides the ability to perform precise work with a clutching‐free motion.
Prioritization of agricultural water distribution operating systems based on the sustainable development indicators
Authors: Kaghazchi Afsaneh , Hashemy Shahdany Seied Mehdy , Firoozfar Alireza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates different operating systems' potential to be selected as a reliable alternative in the modernization of agricultural water distribution using a set of indices representing the sustainable development goals (SDGs). These indices include economic perspectives (“the implementation cost of the operating system”; “economic value of water”; “The opportunity cost” indices), environmental aspects (“water withdrawal from the aquifer”; “carbon dioxide emissions” indices), social viewpoint (“vandalism probability of on‐site equipment”; “equity of agricultural water distribution” indices), and technical considerations (such as “efficiency of water distribution” index). The hydrodynamic simulation model was developed and calibrated to simulate water distribution in Qazvin Irrigation District, central Iran, in the status quo. Five practical systems—including manual operation (A1, A2), Hydro‐mechanical gates (A3), and automatic operation (A4, A5)—were developed in MATLAB and integrated the hydrodynamic model. Agricultural water distribution practices are conducted for individual alternatives A1–A5, and the SDGs indices were determined quantitatively. The multi‐criteria decision‐making method was used to rank the indices based on their compliance with the SDGs indices. TOPSIS method was employed in non‐fuzzy status and fuzzy state to prioritize the modernization alternatives A1–A5. The relative weights of the indices were determined in a fuzzy state by the opinion of 30 experts, and that of the non‐fuzzy state was specified by the Shannon‐Entropy method. The results show that using the Shannon‐Entropy method, the “aquifer harvest index” with the weight of 0.16 is the most influential factor to meet the SDGs and the “vandalism probability of on‐site equipment” index with 0.028 weight is the least active index. The final results indicate that the modernization alternatives A1–A5 are scored 0.35, 0.33, 0.30, 0.68, and 0.70, respectively, in the TOPSIS technique, and 0.29, 0.18, 0.14, 0.40, 0.74 using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique.
Psychosocial profile of cases of gender dysphoria attending a tertiary care hospital in Delhi
Authors: Yadav Abhilasha , Rastogi Rajesh , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a dearth of scientific data from India on gender dysphoria (GD), and only few published research articles, mainly in the form of case reports or case series, are present. The aim of this work is to study the socio‐demographic profile, parental/family support, comorbid psychiatric illness, and other characteristics (cross‐dressing, sexual orientation, pattern of referral) related to GD. It was a descriptive case study of 20 cases of GD (diagnosed as per DSM‐5) registered from May 2012 to February 2019 at the psychiatry Out Patient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care multispecialty teaching hospital in New Delhi. The subject's socio‐clinical profile was assessed. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in this study. Out of the total 20 cases (n = 20), 12 cases (60%) were transgender women, rest (40%) were transgender men, with a male:female sex ratio of 3:2. The mean age of sample was 23.5 ± 6.43 years, age range being 15–41 years. In majority of cases (60%), the age of realization of their problem was in early or middle childhood. Parents of 11 cases (55%) were against the gender affirming treatments and procedures. Cross‐dressing in routine and public life was present in 12 (60%) cases; 20% of the cases had comorbid psychiatric illness. Individuals with this condition are coming forward, seeking help which shows that the awareness about availability of treatment facility especially in the government sector is increasing.
Physicochemical Properties and the Digestibility of Cassava Root and Stem Starches Associated with Genotypes
Authors: Yang Weixian , Han Xiao , Huang Tangwei , Shen Zhangyou , Qin Fengyan , Wei Maogui , Fu Zhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCassava stems contain up to 40% starch (by dry mass) and are currently discarded as agricultural waste. The current study aims to understand the physicochemical traits of cassava stem and root starches for investigating trends in industrial cassava applications. In total, 11 traits of both cassava stem and root starches of 15 genotypes are investigated. All the examined traits of cassava root and stem starches vary by genotype. The amylose contents of root and stem starches are in the range of 19.0–33.0% and 18.44–34.51%, respectively. The resistant starch of root and stem starches are in the range of 1.72–17.72% and 4.42–13.37%, respectively. Only the starch content, solubility, and swelling power of root starches are significantly higher than those of stem starches. The root starch gel is more stable than the stem starch gel after the fourth and fifth freeze‐thaw cycles. Furthermore, principal component analysis calculated based on starch and amylose contents, degree of swelling, digestibility, and freeze‐thaw stability demonstrates that genotypes GW46, GW88, S1, E26, and GC49 gain higher scores than control varieties South China 12 and South China 205, which are the most favorable ones by farmers in China because of good root yields.
Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Dual‐Modified Starch by Cross‐Linking and Annealing
Authors: Jia Shuyu , Yu Bin , Zhao Haibo , Tao Haiteng , Liu Pengfei , Cui Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNative maize starch (NS) is modified by annealing (ANN) and cross‐linking (CL) processes, and also by using two different combinations of the ANN and CL processes (ANN‐CL and CL‐ANN). The effects of modifications on physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of starch are studied. The results show that CL‐ANN significantly (p < 0.05) improves swelling power and decreases solubility. The reduction in breakdown and setback indicate that ANN‐CL and CL‐ANN improve shear resistance and anti‐retrogradation effect of starch. All the modified starches exhibit native A‐type crystals but show higher crystallinity than native starch. The decreased enthalpy of the CL‐ANN starch is due to starch granule rupture during the treatment process. Scanning electron microscopy shows that ANN results in the formation of starch clusters, which are also present in CL‐ANN and ANN‐CL starches. The surface of CL starch is rough and partially cracked. CL‐ANN significantly (p < 0.05) increases the content of resistant starch to 10.74%. Physicochemical properties and digestibility of CL and ANN dual‐modified starches are related to the different combinations of the modification processes. Thus, dual modification using cross‐linking and annealing is an effective method to improve the properties of starch, thus broadening its application in the food industry.
Self‐fluorescent polymers for bioimaging
Authors: Ban Qingfu , Li Yan , Wu Si 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf‐fluorescent polymers with different fluorescent chromophores have attracted considerable attention in the field of fluorescence bioimaging due to their tunable topologies and compositions, which render high fluorescence intensity and multicolor photoluminescence. In this Review, recent advances into the construction of self‐fluorescent polymers via the integration of conventional fluorescent chromophores, such as fluorescent dyes and conjugated polymers, and nonconventional heteroatom‐containing chromophores are summarized. In addition, the classification and bonding modes of fluorescent chromophores in polymer backbones, fluorescence mechanisms, and multicolor photoluminescence are discussed. Finally, the promising applications of self‐fluorescent polymers for fluorescence bioimaging are highlighted.