bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of TOEFL preparation course program to improve students’ test score
Authors: Maharani Mega Selvi , Putro Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo 
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted to evaluate the management program in English village, to maintain the program that is implemented and to increase program quality. Method used in this study was descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. Model evaluation used CIRO (Context, Input, Reaction, and Outcome) by War, Bird and Rackman. Subject of this reseach were 30 students, 4 tutors, and program director. Interview, survey, and observation was used for collecting the data. The analyzed quantitative data used descriptive percentage and qualitative data used condensation, data exposure, conclusion drawing and verification. The result of this study comprise; (1) Context in this study considered to participant needed which synchronized to the standard implementation of the TOEFL real test and national standar. (2) Input have been provided well prepared including program plan, tutor qualification, for admission of course participants, and facilities. (3) Reaction of the participants atisfaction was in the satisfactory category and the participant's assessment reaction of the TOEFL program implementation process was in the very good category. (4) Outcome obtained by course participants in the TOEFL scoring has not increased significantly, it has even decreased during the last test.
Readiness for Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malawi: Qualitative Focus Group and Interview Study
Authors: Mpunga Elizabeth , Persaud Navindra , Akolo Christopher , Boyee Dorica , Kamanga Gift , Trapence Gift , Chilongozi David , Ruberintwari Melchiade , Masankha Banda Louis 
Published: July 2021

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key group for HIV interventions in Malawi considering their high HIV prevalence (17.5% compared to 8.4% among men in the general population). The use of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) presents a new opportunity for MSM to be protected. We present the findings from a qualitative assessment designed to assess awareness of and willingness and barriers to using PrEP among MSM in Malawi.

Objective
The 3 main objectives of this assessment were to determine: (1) awareness of PrEP, (2) factors that influence willingness to use PrEP, and (3) potential barriers to PrEP use and adherence among MSM in order to guide the design and implementation of a PrEP program in Malawi.

Methods
Ahead of the introduction of PrEP in Malawi, a qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted in October 2018 in Blantyre, Lilongwe, and rural districts of Mzimba North and Mangochi. With support of members of the population, study participants were purposively recruited from 4 MSM-friendly drop-in centers where MSM receive a range of health services to ensure representativeness across sites and age. Participants were asked what they had heard about PrEP, their willingness to use PrEP, their barriers to PrEP use, and their preferences for service delivery. The data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis framework that was predetermined in line with objectives.

Results
A total of 109 MSM were interviewed—13 through IDIs and 96 through FGDs. Most participants were aware of PrEP as a new HIV intervention but had limited knowledge related to its use. However, the majority were willing to use it and were looking forward to having access to it. IDI participants indicated that they will be more willing to take PrEP if the dosing frequency were appropriate and MSM were involved in information giving and distribution of the drug. FGD participants emphasized that places of distribution and characteristics of the service provider are the key factors that will affect use. Knowing the benefits of PrEP emerged as a key theme in both the IDIs and FGDs. Participants highlighted barriers that would hinder them from taking PrEP such as side effects which were cited in IDIs and FGDs. Key factors from FGDs include cost, fear of being outed, drug stockouts, fear of being known as MSMs by wives, and lack of relevant information. FGDs cited stigma from health care workers, forgetfulness, and community associated factors.

Conclusions
Despite having inadequate knowledge about PrEP, study participants were largely willing to use PrEP if available. Programs should include an effective information, education, and communication component around their preferences and provide PrEP in MSM-friendly sites.
Frustration With Technology and its Relation to Emotional Exhaustion Among Health Care Workers: Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Tawfik Daniel S , Sinha Amrita , Bayati Mohsen , Adair Kathryn C , Shanafelt Tait D , Sexton J Bryan , Profit Jochen 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundNew technology adoption is common in health care, but it may elicit frustration if end users are not sufficiently considered in their design or trained in their use. These frustrations may contribute to burnout.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate and quantify health care workers’ frustration with technology and its relationship with emotional exhaustion, after controlling for measures of work-life integration that may indicate excessive job demands.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study of health care workers across 31 Michigan hospitals. We used the Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) survey to measure work-life integration and emotional exhaustion among the survey respondents. We used mixed-effects hierarchical linear regression to evaluate the relationship among frustration with technology, other components of work-life integration, and emotional exhaustion, with adjustment for unit and health care worker characteristics.ResultsOf 15,505 respondents, 5065 (32.7%) reported that they experienced frustration with technology on at least 3-5 days per week. Frustration with technology was associated with higher scores for the composite Emotional Exhaustion scale (r=0.35, P<.001) and each individual item on the Emotional Exhaustion scale (r=0.29-0.36, P<.001 for all). Each 10-point increase in the frustration with technology score was associated with a 1.2-point increase (95% CI 1.1-1.4) in emotional exhaustion (both measured on 100-point scales), after adjustment for other work-life integration items and unit and health care worker characteristics.ConclusionsThis study found that frustration with technology and several other markers of work-life integration are independently associated with emotional exhaustion among health care workers. Frustration with technology is common but not ubiquitous among health care workers, and it is one of several work-life integration factors associated with emotional exhaustion. Minimizing frustration with health care technology may be an effective approach in reducing burnout among health care workers.
Exploratory Analysis of Electronic Cigarette–Related Videos on YouTube: Observational Study
Authors: Xie Zidian , Wang Xueting , Gu Yu , Li Dongmei 
Published: July 2021

Background
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become more popular than cigarette smoking, especially among youth. Social media platforms, including YouTube, are a popular means of sharing information about e-cigarette use (vaping).

Objective
This study aimed to characterize the content and user engagement of e-cigarette–related YouTube videos.

Methods
The top 400 YouTube search videos related to e-cigarettes were collected in January 2020. Among them, 340 valid videos were classified into provaping, vaping-warning, and neutral categories by hand coding. Additionally, the content of e-cigarette videos and their user engagement (including average views and likes) were analyzed and compared.

Results
While provaping videos were dominant among e-cigarette–related YouTube videos from 2007 to 2017, vaping-warning videos started to emerge in 2013 and became dominant between 2018 and 2019. Compared to vaping-warning videos, provaping videos had higher average daily views (1077 vs 822) but lower average daily likes (12 vs 15). Among 161 provaping videos, videos on user demonstration (n=100, 62.11%) were dominant, and videos on comparison with smoking had the highest user engagement (2522 average daily views and 28 average daily likes). Conversely, among 141 vaping-warning videos, videos on potential health risks were the most popular topic (n=57, 40.42%) with the highest user engagement (1609 average daily views and 33 average daily likes).

Conclusions
YouTube was dominated by provaping videos, with the majority of videos on user demonstrations before 2018. The vaping-warning videos became dominant between 2018 and 2019, with videos on potential health risks being the most popular topic. This study provides updated surveillance on e-cigarette–related YouTube videos and some important guidance on associated social media regulations.
Investigating the Use of Telemedicine for Digitally Mediated Delegation in Team-Based Primary Care: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Knop Michael , Mueller Marius , Niehaves Bjoern 
Published: July 2021

Background
Owing to the shortage of medical professionals, as well as demographic and structural challenges, new care models have emerged to find innovative solutions to counter medical undersupply. Team-based primary care using medical delegation appears to be a promising approach to address these challenges; however, it demands efficient communication structures and mechanisms to reinsure patients and caregivers receive a delegated, treatment-related task. Digital health care technologies hold the potential to render these novel processes effective and demand driven.

Objective
The goal of this study is to recreate the daily work routines of general practitioners (GPs) and medical assistants (MAs) to explore promising approaches for the digital moderation of delegation processes and to deepen the understanding of subjective and perceptual factors that influence their technology assessment and use.

Methods
We conducted a combination of 19 individual and group interviews with 12 GPs and 14 MAs, seeking to identify relevant technologies for delegation purposes as well as stakeholders’ perceptions of their effectiveness. Furthermore, a web-based survey was conducted asking the interviewees to order identified technologies based on their assessed applicability in multi-actor patient care. Interview data were analyzed using a three-fold inductive coding procedure. Multidimensional scaling was applied to analyze and visualize the survey data, leading to a triangulation of the results.

Results
Our results suggest that digital mediation of delegation underlies complex, reciprocal processes and biases that need to be identified and analyzed to improve the development and distribution of innovative technologies and to improve our understanding of technology use in team-based primary care. Nevertheless, medical delegation enhanced by digital technologies, such as video consultations, portable electrocardiograms, or telemedical stethoscopes, can counteract current challenges in primary care because of its unique ability to ensure both personal, patient-centered care for patients and create efficient and needs-based treatment processes.

Conclusions
Technology-mediated delegation appears to be a promising approach to implement innovative, case-sensitive, and cost-effective ways to treat patients within the paradigm of primary care. The relevance of such innovative approaches increases with the tremendous need for differentiated and effective care, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For the successful and sustainable adoption of innovative technologies, MAs represent essential team members. In their role as mediators between GPs and patients, MAs are potentially able to counteract patients’ resistance toward using innovative technology and compensate for patients’ limited access to technology and care facilities.
Classification of Children With Autism and Typical Development Using Eye-Tracking Data From Face-to-Face Conversations: Machine Learning Model Development and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Tang Haiming , Zhang Xiaobin , Qu Xingda , Hu Xinyao , Lu Jianping 
Published: July 2021

Background
Previous studies have shown promising results in identifying individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by applying machine learning (ML) to eye-tracking data collected while participants viewed varying images (ie, pictures, videos, and web pages). Although gaze behavior is known to differ between face-to-face interaction and image-viewing tasks, no study has investigated whether eye-tracking data from face-to-face conversations can also accurately identify individuals with ASD.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine whether eye-tracking data from face-to-face conversations could classify children with ASD and typical development (TD). We further investigated whether combining features on visual fixation and length of conversation would achieve better classification performance.

Methods
Eye tracking was performed on children with ASD and TD while they were engaged in face-to-face conversations (including 4 conversational sessions) with an interviewer. By implementing forward feature selection, four ML classifiers were used to determine the maximum classification accuracy and the corresponding features: support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, and random forest.

Results
A maximum classification accuracy of 92.31% was achieved with the SVM classifier by combining features on both visual fixation and session length. The classification accuracy of combined features was higher than that obtained using visual fixation features (maximum classification accuracy 84.62%) or session length (maximum classification accuracy 84.62%) alone.

Conclusions
Eye-tracking data from face-to-face conversations could accurately classify children with ASD and TD, suggesting that ASD might be objectively screened in everyday social interactions. However, these results will need to be validated with a larger sample of individuals with ASD (varying in severity and balanced sex ratio) using data collected from different modalities (eg, eye tracking, kinematic, electroencephalogram, and neuroimaging). In addition, individuals with other clinical conditions (eg, developmental delay and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) should be included in similar ML studies for detecting ASD.
Association of COVID-19 Risk Misperceptions With Household Isolation in the United States: Survey Study
Authors: Ladapo Joseph A , Rothwell Jonathan T , Ramirez Christina M 
Published: July 2021

Background
Adverse mental and emotional health outcomes are increasingly recognized as a public health challenge associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The goal of this study was to examine the association of COVID-19 risk misperceptions with self-reported household isolation, a potential risk factor for social isolation and loneliness.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Franklin Templeton-Gallup Economics of Recovery Study (July to December 2020) of 24,649 US adults. We also analyzed data from the Gallup Panel (March 2020 to February 2021), which included 123,516 observations about loneliness. The primary outcome was self-reported household isolation, which we defined as a respondent having no contact or very little contact with people outside their household, analogous to quarantining.

Results
From July to December 2020, 53% to 57% of respondents reported living in household isolation. Most participants reported beliefs about COVID-19 health risks that were inaccurate, and overestimation of health risk was most common. For example, while deaths in persons younger than 55 years old accounted for 7% of total US deaths, respondents estimated that this population represented 43% of deaths. Overestimating COVID-19 health risks was associated with increased self-reported household isolation, with percentage differences ranging from 5.6 to 11.8 (P<.001 at each time point). Characteristics associated with self-reported household isolation from the July and August 2020 surveys and persisting in the December 2020 survey included younger age (18 to 39 years), having a serious medical condition, having a household member with a serious medical condition, and identifying as a Democrat. In the Gallup Panel, self-reported household isolation was associated with a higher prevalence of loneliness.

Conclusions
Pandemic-related harms to emotional and mental well-being may be attenuated by reducing risk overestimation and household isolation preferences that exceed public health guidelines.
A Culturally Sensitive Social Support Intervention for Chinese American Breast Cancer Survivors (Joy Luck Academy): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lu Qian , Warmoth Krystal , Chen Lingjun , Wu Christine S , Chu Qiao , Li Yisheng , Gallagher Matthew W , Stanton Annette L , Kagawa Singer Marjorie , Young Lucy , Loh Alice 
Published: July 2021

Background
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among Asian American women. Chinese American immigrant breast cancer survivors face unique challenges because of cultural and socioecological factors. They report emotional distress and the need for social, emotional, and spiritual support. However, culturally and linguistically appropriate information for managing survivorship health care is often unavailable.

Objective
To improve the health outcomes for this underserved and understudied population, we developed, designed, and launched a randomized controlled trial to test the health benefits of a culturally sensitive social support intervention (Joy Luck Academy). In this paper, we describe the research protocol.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial will enroll Chinese-speaking, stage 0 to 3 breast cancer survivors who have completed treatment within the previous 36 months using a community-based participatory research approach. We will randomly assign 168 participants to the intervention or control group. The intervention arm will attend 7 weekly 3.5-hour peer mentor and educational sessions. The control group will receive the educational information. We will assess health outcomes at baseline, immediately after the Joy Luck Academy, and at 1- and 4-month follow-ups. The primary outcome is quality of life, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale. Secondary outcomes include depressive symptoms, positive affect, fatigue, and perceived stress. We will also explore how the intervention influences cortisol levels. To identify how and to whom the program is effective, we will measure social and personal resources and theorized mechanisms and perform qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants to enhance the interpretation of quantitative data.

Results
Recruitment began in February 2015, and data collection was completed in February 2019. We expect to complete data management by August 2021 and publish results in 2022.

Conclusions
If the Joy Luck Academy is demonstrated to be effective, it may be easily disseminated as an intervention for other groups of Asian American immigrant breast cancer survivors. Furthermore, similar programs could be integrated into other diverse communities.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02946697; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02946697.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30950
Klasterisasi Spasial Keragaman Spesies Tuna di Perairan Selatan Jawa
Authors: Harlyan Ledhyane Ika , Sambah Abu Bakar , Iranawati Feni , Ekawaty Rani 
Published: July 2021

Terjadinya penurunan produktivitas perikanan tuna di Perairan Selatan Jawa salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya kondisi tangkap lebih yang terjadi akibat ketidaktersediaannya informasi geografis akurat terkait jumlah dan jenis spesies. Pendekatan spasial keragaman habitat spesies mampu memberikan prediksi akurat tentang jenis dan jumlah spesies pada suatu daerah penangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan peta klasterisasi spasial keragaman spesies tuna berdasarkan data hasil tangkapan tuna dan data lokasi penangkapan di Perairan Selatan Jawa yang diperoleh dari kapal rawai tuna yang menangkap ikan di Samudera Hindia dan mendaratkan tangkapannya di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Benoa pada bulan September-November 2019 dengan menggunakan beberapa analisis yaitu: (1) analisis keragaman spesies (Shannon-wiener index dan Menhinick index) dan analisis klasterisasi spasial (ward-hierarchical clustering dengan bootstrapped p-value). Berdasarkan kedua hasil analisis tersebut diperoleh tiga klaster pola sebaran daerah penangkapan tuna di Perairan Selatan Jawa yaitu: (1) klaster yang didominasi oleh spesies Thunnus albacares, (2) klaster yang didominasi oleh Thunnus obessus, dan (3) klaster dengan jumlah spesies tuna yang berimbang. Informasi mengenai ketiga klaster daerah penangkapan ini selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan penentuan pengelolaan perikanan tuna dan upaya pembatasan kapasitas penangkapan khususnya pada spesies tuna yang mengalami penurunan stok.
Pengaruh inflasi dan jumlah uang beredar terhadap nilai tukar rupiah dengan pendekatan model struktural VAR
Authors: Alawiyah Tuty , Haryadi Haryadi , Vyn Amzar Yohannes 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study are, firstly to analyze exchange rate trends of rupiah, centtral bank policy rates, inflation and money supply in Indonesia from January 2019 to December 2019. Secondly, to analyzes the effect of central bank policy rate, inflation and the money supply to the rupiah exchange rate in January 2013 – Desember 2018. The method used in this research are descriptive and quantitative analysis with trend analysis tools and multiple linier regression VAR models with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of the study found that, the first trend data from the rupiah exchange rate variable of January 2019 period – December 2019 of IDR 15.145 US$, the central bank’s policy interest rate was 4.5 percent, inflation was 2.15 percent and the money supply was an average of Rp.5.966.9112,17 billion. Secondly, from the processed data it was found that central bank policy rates and the money supply has a positive effect on the rupiah exchange rate of January 2013 period – December 2018. While the inflation variable has a negative impact on the rupiah exchange rate of January 2013 period – December 2018.
Keywords : Rupiah exchange rate, Central bank policy interest rate, Money supply
Pengaruh industri kecil terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Sitanggang Febriani , Prihanto Purwaka Hari , Umiyati Etik 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the number of business units, investment, and labor on economic growth in Jambi Province in 2001-2017. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The use of secondary data from the publication of the Central Statistics Agency of Jambi Province in the form of time series data, namely Economic Growth, number of small industrial business units, small industrial investment, small industrial workforce. The results showed that, from the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that for each small industrial business unit variable, the number of small industrial business units and small industrial workers has a significant effect on economic growth. The results of the coefficient of determination test (R²) show that the ability of the independent variables (small industrial business units, small industrial investment and small industrial workers) in explaining the dependent variable (economic growth) is 98.69 percent. In comparison, the variable others explain the remaining 1.31 percent outside the model.
Keywords: Economic growth, Business units, Labor, Investment