bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Disposition Following Pediatric Sistrunk Procedures: A National Database Query
Authors: Brooks Jennifer A. , Cunningham Michael J. , Hughes Amy L. , Kawai Kosuke , Dombrowski Natasha D. , Adil Eelam 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisVariability exists in the postoperative disposition of children following Sistrunk procedures. Management options include discharge home versus overnight observation, with the latter allowing monitoring for immediate postoperative complications, presumably reducing the need for subsequent readmission. This study investigates the association between overnight observation and ambulatory management of children undergoing Sistrunk procedures and relevant postoperative complication and revisit rates to clarify best practice for these patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective database review using the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2007 to 2016.ResultsThe cited dataset identified 6,434 qualifying patients, categorized into ambulatory versus overnight observation cohorts. The overall 30‐day revisit rate was 4.9%; the revisit rate with overnight observation (6.1%) was higher than for ambulatory patients (3.8%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 2.12). Revisit rates were significantly higher in patients 2 years of age or younger compared to older patients (6.7% vs. 4.3%). The rates of return to the operating room for the observation versus ambulatory groups were 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Cervical fluid collection and neck swelling were among the most common revisit indications in both groups, with a mean time to presentation of 9 days.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ambulatory management following a Sistrunk procedure is not associated with increased rates of common postoperative complications, readmission, or need for secondary surgical intervention. A Sistrunk procedure may be safely performed on an ambulatory basis in select cases.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E2352–E2355, 2021
Smell Status in Children Infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Rusetsky Yury , Meytel Irina , Mokoyan Zhanna , Fisenko Andrey , Babayan Anna , Malyavina Ulyana 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to evaluate the olfactory status in children with laboratory confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 using subjective and psychophysical methods.Study DesignProspective clinical cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis is a prospective clinical cross‐sectional study of 79 children with COVID‐19. The 21st item of SNOT‐22 questionnaire and odor identification test were used for smell assessment. Children were examined twice during the hospitalization, and a telephone survey was conducted 60 days after hospital discharge.ResultsImmediately after confirmation of COVID‐19, smell impairment was detected in 86.1% of children by means of the Identification test and in 68.4% of children by means of the survey (P = .010). After 5 days survey revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with hyposmia (41 out of 79, 51.9%). On the first visit, the mean Identification test score corresponded to “hyposmia” (9.5 ± 2.7), while on the second visit, the average value was 13.1 ± 1.9, which corresponded to “normosmia.” According to the telephone survey, recovery of the olfactory function occurred within 10 days in 37 of 52 patients (71.2%), 11 to 29 days ‐ in 12 children (23.1%), and later than 30 days ‐ in three cases (5.7%).ConclusionsIn the pediatric population, olfactory dysfunction is an early and common symptom of COVID‐19. There is a trend to quick recovery of olfactory function in children with COVID‐19. The overwhelming majority of patients (94.3%) had no subjective olfactory complaints by the end of the first month.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2475–E2480, 2021
Ethical review and informed consent guidelines of high impact anthropology, business, and education research journals
Authors: Rousi Antti Mikael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhereas participant protection protocols are norms in medical research, they are only recently being adopted in social and behavioural sciences. This study examined human subject guidelines in the top 40 high‐impact anthropology, business, and education research journals according to their impact factor as released in 2019. For these 120 journals, a unified classification framework was developed to capture the central elements of their ethical review and informed consent requirements. The findings suggest that the investigated journals do not view ethical review as an established norm for interview and survey studies. Only 10 (8%) journals required ethical review from all studies involving human participants. Informed consent was more frequently addressed, but none of the fields exhibited widely established guidelines similar to medical research journals. A total of 31 (26%) journals required informed consent from all studies involving human participants. There was little difference between the three disciplines investigated. Although the investigated journals represented social and behavioural sciences, their guidelines often concerned medical or intervention research with few requirements for interaction (e.g. survey) research. There is an opportunity for high‐impact journals to establish norms for adoption by researchers and other journals.
Epoxy Doped, Nano‐scale Phase‐separated Poly‐Acrylates with Potential in 3D Printing
Authors: Konuray Osman , Altet Arnau , Bonada Jordi , Tercjak Agnieszka , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Ramis Xavier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient method to improve the mechanical performance of a commercially available photocure resin is described wherein the resin is modified with a mixture of a cycloaliphatic epoxy and an anhydride curing agent. Photocured samples are thermally treated in a subsequent step to cure the epoxy to obtain an interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) and also complete reaction of the acrylate monomers remaining from the photocure. The latter is accomplished by a thermal radical initiator added earlier into the formulation together with the epoxy‐anhydride. The thermal properties and microstructure of the resulting IPN are analyzed. Uniform and quantitative conversions are obtained, with glass transition temperatures comparable to conventional epoxies. The liquid, uncured samples containing different amounts of epoxy are stable at 30 °C for several weeks. In the fully cured epoxy‐rich materials, nano‐scale phase separation is observed by atomic force microscopy. This is corroborated by the existence of multiple relaxations determined by dynamic mechanical analysis analysis. Specimens from a formulation containing 50% by weight of epoxy‐anhydride are 3D printed in a customized masked image processing stereolithography, thermally treated, and are subjected to compression tests. Results show that Young's modulus increases by 900% over the neat resin.
Recent Progress in Polymorphs of Carbon Nitride: Synthesis, Properties, and Their Applications
Authors: Vidyasagar Devthade , Bhoyar Toshali , Singh Gurwinder , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon nitride (CN) materials are at the forefront of contemporary solar energy conversion applications, owing to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. Having such multifunctional properties, CN photocatalytic materials are practically significant; however, due to the indistinguishable physical properties, all solid CN materials in most literature reports are referred to as graphitic C3N4 phase, which is incorrect. This perspective discourses the various identified polymeric forms of CN, their molecular structure, synthesis, photophysical properties, and their applications. The article attempts to simplify the conjectures in CN terminology and discuss future perspectives, challenges, and opportunities in the developing field of CN chemistry.
Fracture Risk Assessment in Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes
Authors: Kobylecki Christopher , Glasse Hannah , Amin Jigisha , Gregson Celia L. , Lyell Veronica , Henderson Emily J. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBone health and fracture risk reduction are increasingly recognized as important issues in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the evidence for fracture risk management in atypical parkinsonism (AP) is less clear. Guidance on management of bone health in PD has recently been published.ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcome of fracture risk assessment in a cohort of patients with AP, compared to a population with idiopathic PD.MethodsWe did a cross‐sectional study of patients with PD or AP who had fracture risk assessed at two tertiary movement disorder centres. Data on fracture risk as assessed using QFracture and FRAX were collected. To assess for the effect of age on fracture risk we compared the risks of PD and AP patients aged ≤70 and >70 years.ResultsWe assessed 71 patients with AP and 267 with PD. Age, sex and body mass index were similar between groups; patients with AP were more likely to have fallen in the previous year. Major osteoporotic fracture risk was greater in patients with AP aged ≤70 compared to PD; no differences between groups were seen in those aged >70 years. 76% of those with AP, and 63% with PD, had an estimated fracture risk indicating bone‐sparing treatment, but only 33% of patients with AP were receiving this where it was indicated.ConclusionThere is scope for considerable improvement in fracture risk assessment and treatment in atypical parkinsonism, taking into account the worse prognosis of this patient group.
Meta‐grounded bandpass filter with broad upper‐stopband
Authors: Xu Mingming , Qiao Haidong , Yu Weihua , He Changshan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel meta‐grounded planar bandpass filter is presented, facilitating much broader upper stopband. The proposed filter is comprised of a strip layer on the top, a dielectric laminate in the middle and a meta‐grounding layer on the bottom. The strip on the top consists of three cross‐shaped resonators in cascade. Instead of perfect conducting ground, a meta‐ground, composed by a group of metallic mushroom lattices with different characteristic dimensions, is proposed for broadening the upper stopband. In order to validate the proposed concept, we design and fabricate a prototype filter with a center frequency of 11.6 GHz, which exhibits an extremely broad upper stopband from 17.6 GHz to 72.2 GHz with a rejection level greater than 20 dB.
Five‐dimensional quantitative low‐dose Multitasking dynamic contrast‐ enhanced MRI: Preliminary study on breast cancer
Authors: Wang Nan , Xie Yibin , Fan Zhaoyang , Ma Sen , Saouaf Rola , Guo Yu , Shiao Stephen L. , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Li Debiao 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo develop a low‐dose Multitasking DCE technique (LD‐MT‐DCE) for breast imaging, enabling dynamic T1 mapping–based quantitative characterization of tumor blood flow and vascular properties with whole‐breast coverage, a spatial resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 1.1 mm3, and a temporal resolution of 1.4 seconds using a 20% gadolinium dose (0.02 mmol/kg).MethodsMagnetic resonance Multitasking was used to reconstruct 5D images with three spatial dimensions, one T1 recovery dimension for dynamic T1 quantification, and one DCE dimension for contrast kinetics. Kinetic parameters , , , and were estimated from dynamic T1 maps using the two‐compartment exchange model. The LD‐MT‐DCE repeatability and agreement against standard‐dose MT‐DCE were evaluated in 20 healthy subjects. In 7 patients with triple‐negative breast cancer, LD‐MT‐DCE image quality and diagnostic results were compared with that of standard‐dose clinical DCE in the same imaging session. One‐way unbalanced analysis of variance with Tukey test was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the kinetic parameters between control and patient groups.ResultsThe LD‐MT‐DCE technique was repeatable, agreed with standard‐dose MT‐DCE, and showed excellent image quality. The diagnosis using LD‐MT‐DCE matched well with clinical results. The values of , , and were significantly different between malignant tumors and normal breast tissue (P < .001, < .001, and < .001, respectively), and between malignant and benign tumors (P = .020, .003, and < .001, respectively).ConclusionThe LD‐MT‐DCE technique was repeatable and showed excellent image quality and equivalent diagnosis compared with standard‐dose clinical DCE. The estimated kinetic parameters were capable of differentiating between normal breast tissue and benign and malignant tumors.
Chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy: Electrophysiological progression and human leukocyte antigen associations
Authors: Zis Panagiotis , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios G. , Artemiadis Artemios , Skarlatou Vasiliki , Hadjivassiliou Marios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe the electrophysiological progression rate of chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) and look into the potential role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic susceptibility in its development.MethodsWe recruited 57 patients with CIAP (mean age at diagnosis 67, mean follow‐up 7 years). The assessments included clinical and electrophysiological data and HLA‐DQ genotyping.ResultsThe DQA1*05 allele was found more frequently in patients than in healthy controls (odds ratio, 1.96, P = .011).In patients with length‐dependent CIAP, a linear effect of time on the electrophysiological findings was found in the superficial radial (3.2% mean annual decrement, P < .001), sural (4.7% mean annual decrement, P = .002) and tibial nerve (6.1% mean annual decrement, P = .007) amplitudes, independently from age or gender.ConclusionsPatients with length‐dependent CIAP, show a linear progression over time. Interesting associations of HLA‐DQA1*05 allele with length‐dependent CIAP and non‐DQ2/DQ8 with idiopathic sensory ganglionopathy were found. These merit further investigation in larger cohorts and may suggest a role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of CIAP.
Numerical analysis of Crank–Nicolson method for simplified magnetohydrodynamics with linear time relaxation
Authors: Yuksel Gamze , K. Eroglu Simge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Crank–Nicolson (CN) finite element method is examined with a linear time relaxation term in this study. The linear differential filter term is added to simplified magnetohydrodynamics (SMHD) equations for numerical regularization and it introduced SMHD linear time relaxation model (SMHDLTRM). The SMHDLTRM model is discretized by CN method in time and the finite element method in space. The stability and convergency of the method are also conducted. The method is unconditionally stable and convergent under the small time step condition. Additionally, this study summarizes the effectiveness of four methods for SMHD and SMHDLTRM. In previous works SMHD is solved with CN and BE methods and SMHDLTRM is solved with BE method. In this study, the CN solutions of the SMHDLTRM are obtained and compared with the other solutions. All computations are conducted by using FreeFem++.
Effects of radiative heat flux and heat generation on magnetohydodynamics natural convection flow of nanofluid inside a porous triangular cavity with thermal boundary conditions
Authors: Nazir M. Waqas , Javed Tariq , Ali Nasir , Nazeer Mubbashar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen the nanoparticles are incorporated into the base fluid, the resultant fluid is known as nanofluid. Nanofluids have higher thermal efficiency as compared to base fluid. Some fluids have poor thermal conductivity like, water, air and ethylene glycol and oil. Thus, the thermal efficiency of the work can be increased by inserting the nanoparticles into base fluid. Furthermore, the nanoparticles can be used to enhanced the cooling rate of the system due to higher thermal conductivity. In this investigation, the magnetohydodynamics convective flow phenomenon under the consideration of different nanofluids inside a triangular porous conduit will investigated. For the better understanding of heat transfer characteristics, the thermal radiation and heat generation (or absorption) will also incorporated. We will impose constant and variable temperature on the left inclined wall to analyze the heat transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate will also be analyzed by considering different nanoparticles. The robust numerical scheme namely the finite element method has been selected to simulate the nonlinear complex flow equations based on iterative scheme. In this technique, at the first stage the penalty method is employed for the purpose of the elimination of pressure from the equations of motion. After that the developed the system in the absence of pressure term is solved. To simulate the problem the value of penalty parameter is chosen 10−7. The contours of stream function and temperature distribution are displayed for several values of physical parameters. Furthermore, the variations of important quantity known as an average heat transfer rate are displayed through bar charts. For constant heating case the aluminum nano particles are the best choice to enhance the heat transfer rate in the system. Moreover, the magnitude of the stream function rises against the radiation and Rayleigh number. Furthermore, the conduction mode of heat transfer is achieved via thermal radiation parameter. The applications of the given study can be found in various industrial processes like, cooling of electronic devices, cooling of house and commercial buildings, cooling of microelectronics, cancer therapy, vehicle thermal management, and heat exchangers.
Judging a reindeer by its teeth: A user‐friendly tooth wear and eruption pattern recording scheme to estimate age‐at‐death in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: van den Berg Mathilde , Loonen Maarten J. J. E. , Çakırlar Canan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have shaped the cultures and provided livelihood to peoples of the Northern Hemisphere for thousands of years. They are still the socio‐economic cornerstone of many northern cultures. Insight into reindeer mortality patterns is important for understanding past human–reindeer interactions and reindeer population fluctuations in relation to climatic and environmental change. Beyond archaeology, assessing the age structures of modern reindeer populations is important for developing wildlife management strategies. This paper presents a quick, non‐destructive and cheap method to estimate age in reindeer in both modern and ancient populations based on tooth wear and eruption patterns of mandibular teeth. We devised the method using a large sample of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) of known age. We blind‐tested the method and tested its applicability on another known‐age Svalbard reindeer mandible assemblage. The tests demonstrate our methods' user‐friendliness and reliability to generate reproducible, reusable datasets and accuracy in estimating reindeer age‐at‐death.
Sarcopenia is a prognostic outcome marker in children with high‐risk hepatoblastoma
Authors: Ritz Annika , Kolorz Julian , Hubertus Jochen , Ley‐Zaporozhan Julia , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Koletzko Sibylle , Häberle Beate , Schmid Irene , Kappler Roland , Berger Michael , Lurz Eberhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with hepatoblastoma (HB) are at risk of sarcopenia due to immobility, chemotherapy, and malnutrition. We hypothesized that children with HB have a low preoperative total psoas muscle area (tPMA), reflecting sarcopenia, which negatively impacts outcome.ProcedureRetrospective study of children (1‐10 years) with hepatoblastoma treated at a large university children's hospital from 2009 to 2018. tPMA was measured as the sum of the right and left psoas muscle area (PMA) at intervertebral disc levels L3‐4 and L4‐5. z‐Scores were calculated using age‐ and gender‐specific reference values and were compared to anthropometric measurements, clinical variables, and outcomes. Sarcopenia was defined as a tPMA z‐score below −2.ResultsThirty‐three children were included. Mean tPMA z‐score was −2.18 ± 1.08, and 52% were sarcopenic. A poor correlation between tPMA and weight was seen (r = 0.35; confidence interval [CI] 0.01, 0.62; P = .045), and most children had weights within the normal range (mean z‐score −0.55 ± 1.39). All children categorized as high risk with relapse (n = 5/12) were sarcopenic before surgery. Relapse was significantly higher in the high‐risk sarcopenic group compared to the nonsarcopenic group (P = .008). The change in tPMA z‐score 1‐4 months after surgery did not improve in patients with relapse, but did improve in 75% of children without relapse.ConclusionsThe majority of children with HB were sarcopenic prior to surgery. Especially in children with high‐risk hepatoblastoma, sarcopenia is an additional risk factor for relapse. Large multicenter studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
A comparative study on surfactant cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide modified clay‐based poly(p‐anisidine) nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, optical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Boutaleb Nadia , Chouli Faiza , Benyoucef Abdelghani , Zeggai Fatima Z. , Bachari Khaldoun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe preparation of hybrid materials, namely poly(p‐anisidine)@Clay (poly(pAnis)@Clay) and poly(p‐anisidine)@cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide‐Clay (poly(pAnis)@CTAB‐Clay), prepared by oxidative polymerization process is presented. The formation of nanomaterials has been confirmed by XRF, XPS, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, the study of the optical band gap energy (Eg) evince lowest value of 3.22 eV for poly(pAnis)@CTAB‐Clay compared to poly(pAnis)@Clay with 3.26 eV. XRD results demonstrate that the intercalation of the poly(pAnis) into the Clay was confirmed by the increased interlayer spacing, the exfoliation and intercalation forms were affirmed in the TEM images. In addition, the electrochemical behavior indicates that the prepared nanocomposites are electroactive. These results are heartening in respect with the objective to utilize them in the field of technology and research related to the photovoltaics application.
Enrichment of circulating trophoblasts from maternal blood using laminar microscale vortices
Authors: Vander Plaetsen Ann‐Sophie , Weymaere Jana , Tytgat Olivier , Buyle Magaly , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveEnrichment of circulating trophoblasts (CTs) from maternal blood at week 11–13 of gestation, using laminar microscale vortices, and evaluation of the performance of the VTX‐1 Liquid Biopsy System in terms of CT recovery and purity.MethodEight mililiter of blood was collected from 15 pregnant women and processed with the VTX‐1 Liquid Biopsy System. Y‐chromosome specific quantitative PCR was performed to estimate the number of enriched male CTs. To evaluate the VTX‐1 performance, the target cell recovery was characterized by spiking experiments with a trophoblast cell line. Furthermore, the total quantity of DNA after enrichment was used to calculate the number of retained maternal cells.ResultsSuccessful recovery of male CTs was established in 7 out of 10 first trimester samples from pregnant women carrying a male fetus. The number of CTs, recovered from 8 ml of blood, was estimated between two and six. Spiking experiments resulted in a CT recovery of ±35 % with ±1524 retained maternal blood cells.ConclusionCTs can be enriched from maternal blood with high purity, using laminar microscale vortices, starting from 8 ml of blood.