bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Arm-cranking Training with Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Vessel Function
Authors: Miura Hajime , Ishikawa Mizuki , Murakami Ayako , Tamura Yasuaki , Deguchi Kenichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether arm-cranking training with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) results in a greater improvement in vessel function than performing the same exercise without EMS. First, nine healthy young men performed two 20-min arm-cranking trials at 50% V˙O2max with and without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery was measured using a high-resolution ultrasound device. Both FMD and normalized FMD were increased significantly after the arm-cranking with EMS trial, and significant differences were observed between the two trials. Second, 16 healthy adult men were randomly assigned to either the arm-cranking exercise training (A) group or arm-cranking training with EMS (A+EMS) group. The subjects were engaged in 20 min of arm-cranking at 50% V˙O2max twice a week for 8 weeks with/without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The FMD increased significantly after A+EMS training session and the FMD in A+EMS group was significantly higher than that in the A group. These results indicate that acute/chronic endurance arm-cranking with EMS applied to the lower limbs improves the brachial artery endothelial function more markedly than the same exercise without EMS.
MiRNA 126 as a New Predictor Biomarker in Venous Thromboembolism of Persistent Residual Vein Obstruction: A Review of the Literature Plus a Pilot Study
Authors: Rossetti Pietro , Goldoni Matteo , Pengo Vittorio , Vescovini Rosanna , Mozzoni Paola , Tassoni Maria Ilaria , Lombardi Maria , Rubino Pasquale , Bernuzzi Gino , Verzicco Ignazio , Manotti Cesare , Quintavalla Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Interleukins (ILs) and micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been proposed as molecules able to modulate endothelial inflammation and platelet hyperactivity. At present, no early biomarkers are available to predict the outcome of VTE. We investigated in a pilot study a selected number of miRNAs and ILs as prognostic VTE biomarkers and reviewed literature in this setting. Twenty-three patients (aged 18–65) with a new diagnosis of non-oncological VTE and free from chronic inflammatory diseases were enrolled. Twenty-three age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors were evaluated as control subjects. Serum miRNAs (MiRNA 126, 155, 17.92, 195), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8), and lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in patients at enrolment (T0) and in controls. In VTE patients, clinical and instrumental follow-up were performed assessing residual vein obstruction, miRNA and ILs evaluation at 3 months' follow-up (T1). At T0, IL-8, activated T lymphocytes, Treg lymphocytes, and monocytes were higher in patients compared with healthy controls, as were miRNA 126 levels. Moreover, miRNA 126 and IL-6 were significantly increased at T0 compared with T1 evaluation in VTE patients. Higher levels of MiR126 at T0 correlated with a significant overall thrombotic residual at follow-up. In recent years an increasing number of studies (case–control studies, in vivo studies in animal models, in vitro studies) have suggested the potential role of miRNAs in modulating the cellular and biohumoral responses involved in VTE. In the frame of epidemiological evidence, this pilot study with a novel observational approach supports the notion that miRNA can be diagnostic biomarkers of VTE and first identifies miRNA 126 as a predictor of outcome, being associated with poor early recanalization.
A Study on the Serum γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Plasma Osteopontin in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Suri Arpita , Singh Naveen , Bansal Sanjiv Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major source of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Heavy drinkers and alcoholics may progress from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. The enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein which catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from γ-glutamyl peptides to other peptides, amino acids, and water. Serum GGT activity mainly attributed to hepatobiliary system and thus is an important marker of ALD. Hence the present study is conducted to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and osteopontin (OPN) in ALD.Aims and Objectives The objective of this study is to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and OPN in ALD.Materials and Methods Sixty clinically diagnosed cases of ALD and sixty age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine transaminases (ALTs), serum ALP levels, and plasma OPN levels were measured. Estimation of serum aspartate transaminases (AST), ALTs, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was assayed by standard photometric methods in autoanalyzer ERBA-XL (EM-200) using commercially available kits. OPN was estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The parameters of the liver function tests such as AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly increased in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the healthy control subjects. In the present study, significantly increased levels of γ-glutamyl transferases and OPN were found in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the control subjects. OPN showed significant positive correlations with AST (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), ALT (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), ALP (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and GGT (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).Conclusion The present study focuses on the role of GGT and OPN that are sensitive indicators of liver cell injury and are most helpful in recognizing hepatocellular diseases such as ALD, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Hence, the pattern of the GGT and OPN levels elevation can be helpful diagnostically.
No-Touch Radio Frequency Ablation for a Subcapsular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Malla Sundeep , Vaishnav Manas , Shalimar Shalimar , Madhusudhan Kumble Seetharama 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiofrequency Ablation of subcapsular lesions poses a challenge due to the risks of tumour seeding along the track, hemorrhage and lower efficacy. “No touch ablation” is a relatively novel technique used in the ablation of subcapsular HCC with good results. This technique avoids direct puncture of the tumour by inserting more than one electrodes adjacent to and outside the tumor and activating them sequentially to perform ablation. The risk of track site seeding and haemorrhage is significantly reduced. We describe a case of a subcapsular HCC in a 65-year-old female patient which was successfully treated with this novel technique.
Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia Improves Compliance of the Child and Reduces Emergence Delirium
Authors: Gil Mayo Diego , Sanabria Carretero Pascual , Gajate Martin Luis , Alonso Calderón Jose , Hernández Oliveros Francisco , Gomez Rojo María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction Preoperative stress and anxiety in pediatric patients are associated with poor compliance during induction of anesthesia and a higher incidence of postoperative maladaptive behaviors. The aim of our study was to determine which preoperative preparation strategy improves compliance of the child during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of emergence delirium (ED) in children undergoing ambulatory pediatric surgery.Materials and Methods This prospective observational study included 638 pediatric American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II patients who underwent ambulatory pediatric surgery, grouped into four preoperative preparation groups: NADA (not premedicated), MDZ (premedicated with midazolam), PPIA (parental presence during induction of anesthesia), and PPIA + MDZ. The results were subsequently analyzed in four age subgroups: Group 1 (0–12 months), Group 2 (13–60 months), Group 3 (61–96 months), and Group 4 (> 96 months). Preoperative anxiety (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale [m-YPAS]), compliance of the child during induction (Induction Compliance Checklist [ICC]), and ED (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale) were analyzed in each group.Results Eighty-one percent of patients in the PPIA + MDZ preparation group presented a perfect compliance during the induction of anesthesia (ICC = 0), less preoperative anxiety (mean score m-YPAS = 26), less probability of ED (odds ratio: 10, 5 [3–37.5]; p < 0.05), and less ED intensity compared with the NADA group (1.2 vs. 5.8; p = 0.001).Conclusion PPIA associated with midazolam premedication improves compliance during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of ED.
Primary Breast Tumors with Mesenchymal Morphology
Authors: Tevatia Manvir S. , Mishra Prabhashankar , Baranwal Ajay K. , Nichat Prachi B. , Shelly Divya , Awasthi Shivali , Sengupta Prashant 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Overview Mesenchymal tumors of the breast are rare. Few epithelial tumors also have mesenchymal components. It is crucial to identify these as per histogenesis. This can be facilitated by markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Objectives The aim of this study was to categorize the breast lesions with mesenchymal morphology and to study EMT on immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of 5-year duration from January 2015 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria: all breast lesions showing mesenchymal/nonepithelial morphology, complete or partial, on histology. Exclusion criteria: Mammary carcinomas without any mesenchymal/nonepithelial morphology, fibroadenomas, and lymphomas. Demographics, clinical, gross examination, histology, and IHC findings of selected cases were reviewed and recorded. Three additional markers p53, E-cadherin, and β-catenin were performed.
Statistical Analysis Used Frequency calculation for each variable (IHC).
Results Thirteen (2.5%) out of total 510 breast specimens showed mesenchymal histology. Of these, five (38.5%) were metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBC), four (31%) were phyllodes tumor (PT), and one (7.7%) case each of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, primary stromal sarcoma of breast, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, and myofibroblastoma. Loss of E-cadherin was seen in 4/5 (80%) MBCs and was retained in ductal component of PTs. p53 was not expressed in any of the tumors except 3/5 (60%) MBCs. β-Catenin was aberrant in all MBCs.
Conclusions Primary breast tumors with mesenchymal morphology present a spectrum ranging from benign mesenchymal, fibroepithelial neoplasms to malignant tumors of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Loss of E-cadherin, expression of p53, and aberrant expression of β-catenin are suggestive of EMT and molecular heterogeneity of MBCs.
1.9 Oxygen-Centered Radicals
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu D. , Chen Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOxygen-centered radicals (R1O•) are reactive intermediates in organic synthesis, with versatile synthetic utilities in processes such as hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), β-fragmentation, radical addition to unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds, and rearrangement reactions. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the generation and transformation of oxygen-centered radicals, including (alkyl-, α-oxo-, aryl-) carboxyl, alkoxyl, aminoxyl, phenoxyl, and vinyloxyl radicals, and compare the reactivity of oxygen-centered radicals under traditional reaction conditions with their reactivity under visible-light-induced reaction conditions.
1.11 Generation of Radicals from Organoboranes
Authors: André-Joyaux E. , Gnägi L. , Meléndez C. , Soulard V. , Renaud P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadicals can be generated by the cleavage of the C—B bond of alkylboranes or boronic acid derivatives. The fragmentation process may result from a nucleohomolytic substitution process or from a redox process. The nucleohomolytic substitution is ideal for the generation of alkyl radicals and is usually part of a chain-reaction process. Redox processes (mainly oxidative reactions) have been used to generate both alkyl and aryl radicals. The use of stoichiometric oxidizing agents can be avoided by employing photoredox catalysis. A broad range of synthetic applications such as radical cascade processes, multicomponent reactions, and cross-coupling reactions in the presence of suitable metal catalysts are now possible. In their diversity, organoboron compounds represent one of the most general sources of radicals. The merging of radical chemistry with the classical chemistry of organoboron derivatives opens tremendous opportunities for applications in organic synthesis.
Meso/macro-scale ultra-soft materials’ mechanical property evaluation device and testbed
Authors: Orikasa Kazue , Bacca Nicole , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: July 2021

Ultra-soft materials find applications in biomedical devices, sensors and actuators, robotics, and wearable electronics. The mechanical properties of soft materials are often determined using nanoindentation and atomic force microscope techniques, which provide localized properties at a small-scale length. There is a need to evaluate the meso/macro-scale properties of ultra-soft materials to develop integrated devices made of the same. Metallic probes in the existing macroscale equipment cannot be used as they can pierce through the soft materials and fail to capture the associated adhesion forces, resulting in inaccurate values. This study has developed a meso/macro-scale mechanical testing platform to characterize ultra-soft materials accurately. This probe can be adapted to any mechanical testing load frame with a small load cell to capture the adhesion forces during the approach and detachment segments of soft materials’ indentation. The integrated camera with the probe enables overcoming the challenge of surface detection and capturing the pull-on and pull-off events. Indentation tests on soft materials with varying stiffness (e.g., high-fat yogurt, chicken breast, aloe Vera, toothpaste, gelatin, and a chocolate bar) were conducted using a 10 mm stiff flat-end polymer probe. A variation of the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts technique was adopted to account for adhesion forces and compute stiffness. Our results suggest that the novel device and methodology can measure mechanical stiffness in the extensive range of 0.5 kPa to a few MPa with high reproducibility at the macro-scale length. The validation was carried out using a commercially available nanoindenter for soft materials.
The phase diagram of carbon dioxide from correlation functions and a many-body potential
Authors: Chen Amanda A. , Do Alexandria , Pascal Tod A. 
Published: July 2021

The phase stability and equilibria of carbon dioxide are investigated from 125–325 K and 1–10 000 atm using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Two-Phase Thermodynamics (2PT) method. We devise a direct approach for calculating phase diagrams, in general, by considering the separate chemical potentials of the isolated phase at specific points on the P–T diagram. The unique ability of 2PT to accurately and efficiently approximate the entropy and Gibbs energy of liquids allows for assignment of phase boundaries from relatively short (∼100 ps) MD simulations. We validate our approach by calculating the critical properties of the flexible elementary physical model 2, showing good agreement with previous results. We show, however, that the incorrect description of the short-range Pauli force and the lack of molecular charge polarization lead to deviations from experiments at high pressures. We, thus, develop a many-body, fluctuating charge model for CO2, termed CO2–Fq, from high level quantum mechanics (QM) calculations that accurately capture the condensed phase vibrational properties of the solid (including the Fermi resonance at 1378 cm−1) as well as the diffusional properties of the liquid, leading to overall excellent agreement with experiments over the entire phase diagram. This work provides an efficient computational approach for determining phase diagrams of arbitrary systems and underscores the critical role of QM charge reorganization physics in molecular phase stability.
Agonist of growth hormone–releasing hormone enhances retinal ganglion cell protection induced by macrophages after optic nerve injury
Authors: Cen Ling-Ping , Ng Tsz Kin , Liang Jia-Jian , Xu Ciyan , Zhuang Xi , Liu Yu-Fen , Chen Shao-Lang , Xu Yanxuan , Yang Qichen , Yuan Xiang-Ling , Qin Yong Jie , Chan Sun On , Chen Haoyu , Zhang Mingzhi , Schally Andrew V. , Pang Chi Pui 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Optic neuropathies, characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, are leading causes of irreversible blindness and visual impairment, for which currently there is no effective treatment or cure. This study demonstrates that subcutaneous application of an agonist or antagonist of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) reduces the degeneration of RGCs induced by optic nerve injury in rats. GHRH agonist further enhances the neuroprotective effect of macrophage activation on the survival of RGCs. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of GHRH agonist for the protection of RGCs against optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, the world’s most common cause of irreversible blindness.
HIPK2 phosphorylates HDAC3 for NF-κB acetylation to ameliorate colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma and sepsis
Authors: Zhang Fang , Qi Linlin , Feng Qiuyun , Zhang Baokai , Li Xiangyue , Liu Chang , Li Weiyun , Liu Qiaojie , Yang Dan , Yin Yue , Peng Chao , Wu Han , Tang Zhao-Hui , Zhou Xi , Xiang Zou , Zhang Zhijiang , Wang Hongyan , Wei Bin 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Multiple human diseases including cancer and sepsis are closely related to uncontrolled inflammation. However, there is not much success for clinical therapy to date by targeting specific inflammatory cytokines. Since NF-κB–mediated transactivation in the nucleus is pivotal downstream of various stimuli to induce inflammation, searching the nuclear-localized targets specifically regulating NF-κB activation will provide important therapeutic application. This study has found that HIPK2 restrains NF-κB activation through phosphorylating HDAC3 at serine 374 to inactive HDAC3 deacetylase activity, thus reducing the p65 deacetylation and suppressing inflammation. Our findings reveal a function of the HIPK2-HDAC3-p65 module in macrophages to restrain excessive inflammation, which may represent a therapeutic mechanism for inflammation-related diseases.
Quantification and demonstration of the collective constriction-by-ratchet mechanism in the dynamin molecular motor
Authors: Ganichkin Oleg M. , Vancraenenbroeck Renee , Rosenblum Gabriel , Hofmann Hagen , Mikhailov Alexander S. , Daumke Oliver , Noel Jeffrey K. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Dynamin is a protein that is a central player in endocytosis, a process that mediates the entry of diverse particles into cells, from nutrients to viruses. Dynamin’s primary activity is to use guanosine triphosphate as fuel to constrict and cut membrane tubes. Key quantitative aspects of its function remain yet unclear. In this work, we determine the strength of an individual dynamin motor. Then, by building a detailed computational model resolving individual motors, we demonstrate that dynamin produces sufficient force to tightly constrict a membrane tube when most of its motors are simultaneously cooperating. Hence, we quantitatively validate the prevailing constriction-by-ratchet model for nature’s strongest torque-generating motor: the dynamin “nanomuscle.”
PIEZO2 mediates ultrasonic hearing via cochlear outer hair cells in mice
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Shuang , Song Chenmeng , Hu Qun , Zhao Zhikai , Deng Tuantuan , Wang Yi , Zhu Tong , Zou Linzhi , Wang Shufeng , Chen Jiaofeng , Liu Lian , Hou Hanqing , Yuan Kexin , Zheng Hairong , Liu Zhiyong , Chen Xiaowei , Sun Wenzhi , Xiao Bailong , Xiong Wei 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Some animals have evolved an adaptive ability for vocalizing and hearing ultrasonic frequencies that are inaudible to humans (>20 kHz). For decades, it has been postulated that animals hear ultrasonic frequencies with cochlear hair cells using an identical set of mechanotransduction molecules in the hair bundles for hearing audible frequencies. Here, we show that mice lacking mechanosensitive PIEZO2 ion channels have difficulty hearing at ultrasonic frequencies but remain remarkably sensitive to audible frequencies. Thus, animals may use a partially different mechanism for sensing ultrasonic sound emissions.
From linear to metric functional analysis
Authors: Karlsson Anders 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Metric geometry is a considerable extension of Riemannian geometry that, in recent decades, has proven very useful. A newer direction described in this article can moreover be viewed as an extension of functional analysis. I try to illustrate why these more recent concepts and results will be of importance, potentially generating new ideas in applied mathematics, for example, deep learning or evolution dynamics. An important objective of this note is therefore also to try to attract the attention of scientists in other disciplines. An extension of the contraction mapping principle and a recent fundamental theorem on the behavior of the composition of randomly selected transformation have vast potential for further applications.
MAGUKs are essential, but redundant, in long-term potentiation
Authors: Chen Xiumin , Fukata Yuko , Fukata Masaki , Nicoll Roger A. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
It is now generally accepted that memories are stored, at least in part, by long-term potentiation (LTP), in which brief activation of excitatory synapses persistently enhances synaptic transmission. LTP involves the recruitment of AMPARs to the synapse, but the mechanism remains debated. This study shows that the MAGUK family of scaffolding proteins plays an essential, but redundant, role in LTP. MAGUK binding to the transsynaptic adhesion protein ADAM22 is proposed to localize AMPARs immediately across from the vesicle release site. Such a mechanism ensures reliable AMPAR activation following glutamate release.
Inversion of α-sine and α-cosine transforms on

R
Authors: Hoang Ly Viet , Spodarev Evgeny 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider the α-sine transform of the form

T

α

f

(

y

)

=

∫

0

∞

|
sin

(

x
y

)

|

α

f

(

x

)

d
x

for α > −1, where f is an integrable function on

R

+

. First, the inversion of this transform for α > 1 is discussed in the context of a more general family of integral transforms on the space of weighted, square-integrable functions on the positive real line. In an alternative approach, we show that the α-sine transform of a function f admits a series representation for all α > −1, which involves the Fourier transform of f and coefficients which can all be explicitly computed with the Gauss hypergeometric theorem. Based on this series representation we construct a system of linear equations whose solution is an approximation of the Fourier transform of f at equidistant points. Sampling theory and Fourier inversion allow us to compute an estimate of f from its α-sine transform. The same approach can be extended to a similar α-cosine transform on

R

+

for α > −1, and the two-dimensional spherical α-sine and cosine transforms for α > −1, α ≠ 0, 2, 4, …. In an extensive numerical analysis, we consider a number of examples, and compare the inversion results of both methods presented.