bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precapillary sphincters and pericytes at first-order capillaries as key regulators for brain capillary perfusion
Authors: Zambach Stefan Andreas , Cai Changsi , Helms Hans Christian Cederberg , Hald Bjørn Olav , Dong Yiqiu , Fordsmann Jonas Christoffer , Nielsen Reena Murmu , Hu Jingshi , Lønstrup Micael , Brodin Birger , Lauritzen Martin Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Rises in local brain activity are accompanied by increases in blood perfusion, a process known as neurovascular coupling. This relationship constitutes the physiological basis of functional neuroimaging scans, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. Using four-dimensional (x–y–z–t) two-photon imaging, we examined the responsivity from arterioles to capillaries to a suite of vasoactive molecules. Our data indicated that the responsiveness of precapillary sphincters and first-order capillaries was much higher than for the other vessel segments. Our results suggest that precapillary sphincters and pericytes on first-order capillaries are key sensors and effectors of capillary control and an important part of the complex set of mechanisms that regulate cerebral blood flow.
Knowledge management model to enhance Enterprise Resource Planning system in Green software development process
Authors: Yahya Sarah M , Khalefa Mustafa S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The global economy is constantly evolving and corporate technology and business are an important factor in this development and because of the accompanying negative impact on the environment and society, the role of sustainability and sustainable development highlights. To further investigate the scope of the green software development process and its integration with information systems such as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, we presented this study due to its importance in minimizing the negative effects of information technology on our natural environment. In this connection, there is a have to combine sustainability and information technology allow organizations to behave in a manner to going greener. Comprehending that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is one of the very effective commercial enterprise solutions for organizations, it is necessary to align its use with sustainability factors through the utilization of green IT practices, the objective of this research study is to provide a design model to enhance ERP system in green software development process. So every company must look into the impact of the utilization of Information and communications technology (ICT) on our natural environment and take care to adopt methods to decrease the effects negative on its. Therefore, knowledge management (KM) can be used as the facilitation tool. This research paper presents the results of qualitative research, which proposes a model that to the possibility of enhancing the implementation of the ERP system in the Green Software Development Process by using green IT practices and knowledge management as facilitation tools.
Serving the flow of requests when flying around ground objects by aircraft in the “air taxi” mode
Authors: Goncharenko V , Lebedev A , Mikhaylin D , Rumakina A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The scientific work solves the problem of organizing a route group flight of aircraft, when pre-flight planning is carried out only for the beginning of the flight, and then operational planning is carried out by analogy with a taxi. The peculiarity of the problem being solved is to ensure the required planning efficiency during the flight of the aircraft, taking into account the safety of their flights without crossing routes. As a result of solving the problem, an approach was substantiated to solving the problem of target distribution of vacant aircraft between incoming orders, taking into account all the factors and constraints under consideration; the effectiveness of the chosen approach was assessed. A minimax scheduling criterion is proposed. The criterion at the same time provides: minimum time for completing the flight task; minimization of the total path length and non-intersection of the flight sections, which increases the efficiency and safety of flight in “peak” dispatch modes. The solution to the problem is proposed using the queuing theory, according to which the considered system belongs to the class of multichannel queuing systems with waiting.
Assessment of the geometrically nonlinear behavior of thin cleavage type surface defects of anisotropic structure under shear
Authors: Mitrofanov O V , Osman M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When designing up-to-date composite structure defects are allowable. In this case an important factor for design is in-service non-propagation of allowable defects. Thin surface defects of rectangular delamination type are examined in this paper. Defect structure is anisotropic and boundary conditions correspond to rigid support. Let us assume that tangential forces act in load-bearing composite panel plane. This investigation subject is thin surface rectangular defect. It is assumed that given shear forces act on the defect and its geometrically non-linear behavior is possible. For expert estimation of defect mode of deformation by Bubnov-Galerkin method analytical solution of non-linear problem is obtained. Expressions for rectangular panel membrane stress which appear in case of post-buckling behavior due to shear are explicitly given for mode of deformation estimation. In order to supplement practical significance of obtained analytical solution thin anisotropic panel design method based on post-buckling state with tangential forces is shown.
On the influence of the method for estimating the parameters of the pole tide on the amplitude of the steady motion of the Earth’s pole
Authors: Krylov S S , Perepelkin V V , Skorobogatykh I V , Myo Z A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The steady-state Chandler wobble of the Earth’s pole is investigated for various choices of the pole tide model. The aim of the work is to estimate the parameters of the stationary Chandler wobble. The steady motion of the Earth’s pole is considered taking into account the pole tide, which depends both on the position and on the speed of the pole. The Chandler motion of the Earth’s pole is studied on the basis of the Euler-Liouville equations with a variable tensor of inertia. It is shown that both the choice of the pole tide model and the method of estimating the parameters of the chosen model significantly affect the parameters of the steady oscillatory process of the earth’s pole and the amplitude of the necessary disturbance to excite the observed Chandler wobble.
Different approaches to helping students develop conceptual understanding in university physics
Authors: Kelly T J , Thees M , Kapp S , Kuhn J , Lukowicz P , Wehn N , Cock M De , Kampen P. van , Guisasola J. , Dvořák L , Walton CD , Randerson G , Eling C , Zuza K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A symposium organized by the GTG PERU-Physics education Research at University
In this article we present a summary of initiatives that have been undertaken by a subset of the European Physics Education community to try to help students develop conceptual understanding. The contributions to this article represent a broad spectrum of ideas and research strategies that range from innovative teaching methods, to empirical applied psychology studies. Future physics professionals: scientists, teachers, engineers, analysts etc. are a diverse set of people and therefore the methods used to help them improve their understanding should be wide ranging. However, common themes emerge that we suggest as teaching implications namely: that more attention should be paid to how we develop students’ ability to reason; how building self-confidence can be hugely beneficial to closing knowledge gaps and how the split-attention effect acts to limit students’ working memory.
LAPEN Symposium: Active Learning of Physics in Latin America
Authors: Mora C , Sánchez S R , Becerra R D F , Rodríguez G M , Álvarez A M S , Martínez B C A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This symposium proposed by the Latin American Physics Education Network (LAPEN) is devoted to show some results on Physics Education research for high school and university level carried out in the Latin-American region. We focus in the Active Learning of Physics methodologies. There are three contributions from Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico: The topics studied are: (1) The teaching of Special Relativity Theory with Peer Instruction, developed in the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral in Guayaquil, Ecuador. (2) Active Learning of Electromagnetism for engineering students, developed in the University Antonio Nariño in Bogota, Colombia. (3) Rasch Analysis and Active Learning of electrical circuits for high school students, developed at the COBAY school Xoclán Plantel, in Mérida Yucatán in the south of Mexico The Active Learning methodologies are important because there are good results in the literature about their implementation in different educational levels. Besides, it is a way to innovate the physics class, unfortunately in the Latin America region their effectiveness has been little studied. This brief report sheds more light on the matter.
Analyzing the upper secondary school students’ difficulties in the rotation of rigid body
Authors: Olazabal Leire , Sarriugarte Paulo , Zuza Kristina , Guisasola Jenaro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that students have difficulties in understanding some concepts related to circular motion of particles. However, there are few studies on rigid body rotational dynamics. In this study, we have studied difficulties that Upper secondary school students have about the rotation of a rigid body. We have designed an 8 questions open-ended questionnaire. In designing the questions, we took into account the key concepts that students have to know in order to understand the rotation of rigid body in a proper way. We conducted a study with 85 Upper secondary school students after their Mechanics course and the analysis has been performed using phenomenography, which is focused on the explanations rather than in the correctness of the answers. The results suggest that students have several difficulties in understanding some concepts of rigid body rotation and that there are significant alternative ideas among them.
Using interactive images in physics teaching
Authors: Martins M I , Pinto Junior J R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Studyng images in physics textbooks is important because illustrations are considered relevant to understand physics contents. In fact, images have a fundamental role in textbooks, and facilitate students to enhance physics theory visualization. Silva & Martins (2008) assume that images carry information that can be classified as having a motivating, informative, explanatory or redundant function. We found 223 images in the kinematics units’ analysis of three collections recommended by the last edition of the Brazilian Textbook Program (PNLD 2018). The images were classified according to their function, observing, in percentages, that 52% of images have an informative function, 40% an explanatory function, while the redundant and motivating functions total less than 9%. Moving interactive images have been created from informative function figures using the Illustrator software. This program allows us to create an illusion of movement in the image when moving a page with vertical lines, facilitating the student’s visualization and understanding. These images were presented to the students through a questionnaire. We verified a better performance in their answers with the interactive images, that allows us to infer that moving images can facilitate students’ learning.
Exoplanets in physics classes
Authors: Radnóti Katalin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The opportunity to use a new scientific discovery in physics lessons is presented in order to illustrate how they can be interpreted in the course of public education. Students were asked to estimate the mass of a red dwarf star using the data regarding its planets published in a news article, and through the use of the learned laws of physics. The aim was to develop the students’ knowledge of mechanics, to expand the elements of the Newtonian approach, to deepen their astronomical knowledge and to practice research methods. This new approach was tested in two classes, and the results were the basis of the thesis of a graduate teacher. The problem was also solved by 70 college freshmen as a test of their physics skills acquired in general education.
Modeling the Interaction of an Elastic Collision between two Objects
Authors: Hernández Alejandro González Y , Alberú María del Pilar Segarra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Physics undergraduate students researched the interaction between magnets during an elastic collision of two gliders on an air track. The objective of this research was to achieve students to discover the dynamics of an elastic collision before, during and after the time in which repulsive magnetic forces acted over two gliders on an air track. For several years it has been introduced, in our course of mechanical laboratory, a discovery cycle which is followed by students and has helped them to develop or improve their scientific skills of reasoning. The students began their investigations with an experiment to find the relation between the repulsion magnetic force with the distance of separation between magnets. Then, they videotaped and analyzed the experiment of collisions between magnets attached to gliders on an air track and modeled numerically the forces of interaction during the collision using the relation between the magnetic force with the distance founded previously. At last, they successfully compared the numerical model with the experiment. Here it is reported, how students carried out the experiment of magnetic collisions and its theoretical and numerical modelling and, how they get a better understanding of the concepts, laws, and principles of physics that are immersed in real collisions in the laboratory by the application of the discovery cycle.
Heat, temperature and energy: a formative experiment-based module including the use of infrared cameras
Authors: Monti F , Daffara C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The historical development of the concept of energy can be brought back to the early studies of heat, suggesting that a unified treatment of heat, temperature and energy can be a possible route for teaching these complex subjects altogether. Here we present an experiment-based module centered on heat and temperature and on their relation with energy which was proposed to a class of prospective primary school teachers. The intervention redesigns a previously developed approach to include the concept of energy and use of infrared cameras. Learning outcomes are investigated through pre- / post-assessment questions, worksheets and final interviews.
Integrated lesson in learning the phenomenon “diffusion”
Authors: Grancharova D , Raykova Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to describe some of the changes in the nature and the function of the integrated methods in physics education for the establishment of scientific literacy. In the article is presented a good practice in the organization and the realization of a lesson-“The phenomenon diffusion”, with 16 years old Bulgarian students. We conducted a physical lesson implementing integrated methods with biology and chemistry knowledge. The lesson also uses interactive methods combined with ICT, which is a good prerequisite for the formation of basic key competences and natural-science literacy.
Practice-oriented model of training students in physics at a technical university
Authors: Mazhitova L Kh , Syzdykova R N , Imanbayeva A K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the report is to examine and justify the feasibility of practice-oriented teaching of physics in the training of engineers. A training model (at the level of physics), including such structural components as a model of a specialist’s activity, a model of practice-oriented learning, a structural model of cognitive activity and independence, the technology of their formation, the result of preparation lies in our research. This model is being tested at Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications for bachelors studying in telecommunications and energy.
Comparison between Israeli and Hungarian high school physics teachers’ attitudes towards general relativity assimilation in the curriculum
Authors: Joubran F , Várnai L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
On the assumption that any successful change on the curriculum is largely dependent on teachers being positive about it, we assessed and compared among 134 physics high school teachers’ attitudes towards general relativity assimilation in the curriculum by an online questionnaire, 71 from Israel and 63 from Hungary. We assessed and compared five issues related to pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge: degree of past and current GR knowledge, expectations of obstacles in implementing GR in the classroom, degree of importance teaching GR as mandatory, degree of importance teaching GR as internal elective and coping with mathematics difficulty. The results showed that teachers in both countries think that teaching general relativity in high school, has obstacles like lack of time and content knowledge. However, the high level of general relativity mathematics is not an obstacle in teaching general relativity.
Technology deployment in physics lessons: Understanding optics better with Augmented Reality
Authors: Stolzenberger Ch , Wolf N , Trefzger T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The following article presents the results of a seminar on “Augmented Reality in Institutional Education”. There, together with STEM trainee teachers, an optics experimentation circle was developed for pupils in the 7th and 8th grade at the Gymnasium for the subject of “Nature & Technology” or “Physics”. This includes (real) experiments (lunar phases / eclipses, refraction, refractive error, color mixing), which were enriched with Augmented Reality technology created by the students. By creating a learning scenario with the help of Augmented Reality at school, the real environment continues to be perceived by the students but is supplemented with visualizations of physical model concepts. For example, the refraction of laser light on a water surface in the real experiment was overlaid with a visualization of the physical ray model of light, so that both information can be perceived simultaneously. This offers the students the opportunity to link physical model concepts statically but also in their spatial or temporal change in conjunction with the real experiment and to actively interact with it at the same time. Even without linking to a real object, augmented reality makes it possible to visualize changing processes or three-dimensional movements of virtual objects and to integrate holograms into the real world. We hope that the experiments presented here can demonstrate the benefits of AR extensions to real experiments, so that more applications will find their way into STEM lessons in the future.
Promoting the Joy of Learning by Turning a Smartphone into Scientific Equipment
Authors: Leong T K , Wee L K , García_Clemente F J , Esquembre F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smartphone is a powerful internet connected computer packed with internal sensors that measure sound, light, acceleration and magnetic field strength. Physics teachers can use them as measurement devices to demonstrate science concepts and promote the joy of learning. Some research has also shown the benefits of using smartphones for teaching and learning physics. This article aims to extend mobile phone research with our open source apps and low-cost experimental design. The three experiments that we designed include radioactivity, line spectrum, standing sound wave and polarization of light. Students are able to conduct experiments and collect data easily without using bulky data loggers or laptops. Substituting a data logger with a smartphone will mean that every student can possess his/her own measuring tool inside and outside the classroom, instead of having to share with a large group of students in a scheduled lab. By empowering the students to conduct their own experiments and collect data, the use of the smartphone as a tool aims to support student learning anytime and anywhere, igniting greater joy of learning.
Combining the Two-State System with a Matter-Wave Approach for Teaching Quantum Mechanics in High-School
Authors: Faletič Sergej , Kranjc Tomaž 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In our teaching approach to quantum mechanics for high schools, we combined a two-state system approach with a matter-wave approach. We developed a simulation of a double well, which has been gradually improved with experience to include all the functionality needed to address the most important concepts of quantum physics. A complementary simulation of a double slit has also been developed to address the introduction of the wave function. A course, based on these simulations has been developed and is currently being tested for the fourth year, still undergoing improvements. Each year a series of formative questions and a pre- and post-test has been administered. We report here how the simulation is used to address the concepts of quantum physics and some preliminary results from the ongoing study of the course.
Retention of a Double Slit Single Photon Interference Demonstration of Particle-Wave Duality
Authors: Berg Ed Van Den , Brandt Hajo , Rossum Aernout Van , Veen Jan Van Der 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the past there has been great faith in the power of laboratory activities and teacher demonstrations to enhance the learning of physics concepts. However, reviews of the effectiveness turned out to be disappointing [1-3] and have shown that lab activities and demonstrations need to be carefully designed and embedded in lessons to realize cognitive benefits [4]. Nevertheless, for secondary school quantum physics we developed a portable double slit demonstration mounted in a suitcase in which photons pass the slits approximately one by one and yet together produce an interference pattern. Based on experiences in 5 schools, we carefully designed the educational aspects of the demonstration and investigated its longterm learning effects through a written test of 68 students after 4 weeks and retention interviews after 4 months (10 interviews) and after 9 months (5 interviews). Students did remember the setup and results of the demonstration quite well. They were quite aware of the unexpected and strange wave-particle behavior of quantum particles in the demonstration including the effect of measurement or observation on the outcomes. However, half of them still had trouble defining duality in their own words and most of them did not remember de Broglie particle waves and how that related to the double slit experiment.
Developing a teacher professional learning workshop on the general theory of relativity
Authors: Farmer Stuart 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of a teacher professional learning workshop to support the General Relativity section of the Scottish Qualifications Authority Advanced Higher Physics course [1] for 17-18 year old secondary school students is described. This professional learning workshop is designed to support the development of teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge so they are better able to provide a conceptual, non-mathematical approach to teaching curved spacetime, spacetime diagrams and evidence of the tests for General Relativity. The professional learning workshop draws on a number of resources including the educational outreach materials from the Perimeter Institute [2,3,4].