bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in volatile organic compounds and lipid oxidation in traditional Chinese bacon during cold smoking
Authors: Li Xiang , Nie Qingyu , Liu Dan , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The smoking time of cold-smoked traditional Chinese bacon (TCB) in northeast Chongqing is not precisely controlled. In this study, the accumulation of, and changes in, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during smoking were investigated by gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Simultaneously, the lipid oxidation and sensory attributes of TCB were assessed. Thirty-nine VOCs were identified in samples, most of which were alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Samples smoked for 12 and 15 days contained characteristic VOCs, mainly comprising phenols, esters, and heterocyclic compounds, which produce the flavor of mature TCB. Odorous substances other than characteristic VOCs reached their maximum or sub-maximum on day 12, which was consistent with the sensory assessment results. The peroxide value of TCB increased continuously with smoking; while 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test (TBARS) values were at a lower level between days 9 and 12. Therefore, the recommended smoking time should be about 12 days.
Application of clustering algorithm in complex landscape farmland synthetic aperture radar image segmentation
Authors: Chen Zhuoran , Cong Biao , Hua Zhenxing , Cengiz Korhan , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation field, regional algorithms have shown great potential for image segmentation. The SAR images have a multiplicity of complex texture, which are difficult to be divided as a whole. Existing algorithm may cause mixed super-pixels with different labels due to speckle noise. This study presents the technique based on organization evolution (OEA) algorithm to improve ISODATA in pixels. This approach effectively filters out the useless local information and successfully introduces the effective information. To verify the accuracy of OEA-ISO data algorithm, the segmentation effect of this algorithm is tested on SAR image and compared with other techniques. The results demonstrate that the OEA-ISO data algorithm is 10.16% more accurate than the WIPFCM algorithm, 23% more accurate than theK-means algorithm, and 27.14% more accurate than the fuzzyC-means algorithm in the light-colored farmland category. It can be seen that the OEA-ISO data algorithm introduces the pixel block strategy, which successfully reduces the noise interference in the image, and the effect is more obvious when the image background is complex.
Corona und Compliance
Authors: Hermann Dieter , Eberle Klaus , Hauck Nils-Lennart , Schäfer Peter , Schuhmacher Hans-Georg , Specht Christian , Weyl Volker 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAls Reaktion auf die Corona-Pandemie haben verschiedene Institutionen auf der ganzen Welt Verhaltensregeln für die Bevölkerung zur Eindämmung der Pandemie implementiert. Allerdings werden diese Normen von einigen Personen verletzt. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, dieses Verhalten sowie die Akzeptanz der Corona-Schutzimpfung zu erklären. Grundlage ist eine im Juli und August 2020 durchgeführte repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragung in Mannheim. Die Ergebnisse der Studie können genutzt werden, um Maßnahmen zu konzipieren, die zur Bereitschaft beitragen, die Regeln zur Eindämmung der Pandemie zu befolgen und die Impfbereitschaft zu erhöhen.
Sympatho-adrenergic mechanisms in heart failure: new insights into pathophysiology
Authors: Du Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is activated in the setting of heart failure (HF) to compensate for hemodynamic instability. However, acute sympathetic surge or sustained high neuronal firing rates activates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling contributing to myocardial remodeling, dysfunction and electrical instability. Thus, sympatho-βAR activation is regarded as a hallmark of HF and forms pathophysiological basis for β-blocking therapy. Building upon earlier research findings, studies conducted in the recent decades have significantly advanced our understanding on the sympatho-adrenergic mechanism in HF, which forms the focus of this article. This review notes recent research progress regarding the roles of cardiac β2AR or α1AR in the failing heart, significance of β1AR-autoantibodies, and βAR signaling through G-protein independent signaling pathways. Sympatho-βAR regulation of immune cells or fibroblasts is specifically discussed. On the neuronal aspects, knowledge is assembled on the remodeling of sympathetic nerves of the failing heart, regulation by presynaptic α2AR of NE release, and findings on device-based neuromodulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The review ends with highlighting areas where significant knowledge gaps exist but hold promise for new breakthroughs.
Forming mechanism and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir lap welds of 304 austenitic stainless steel to a Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Xie Huan , Chen Xiang , Lu Yongxin , Zhang Mina , Zhang Qian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A TC4 titanium alloy plate was lap joined to a 304 austenitic stainless steel plate via friction stir welding. The microstructures at the lap joint interface were intensively examined by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the mechanical properties of the lap joint were evaluated by a microhardness and shear tensile test. The results show swirling-like stir zones of TC4 and 304 SS are formed along the interface, where an aprox. 200 nm interface layer composed of TiFe and TiFe2 intermetallic compound is dispersed at the high rotating speed of the tool. In addition, the high hardness value is discontinuous distribution at the interface, and the shear strength of the commercially TC4 plate and 304 SS FSW lap joint can reach 7507 N at a rotational speed of 600 rpm, a welding speed of 30 mm/min, and a press amount of 0.4 mm.
Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of vertically aligned carbon nanotube materials
Authors: Huang Shan , Du Xianfeng , Ma Mingbo , Xiong Lilong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) materials is a promising candidate in different fields. The intrinsic performance of VACNTs, such as a large specific surface area, high conductivity, and especially its vertical conductive channel, stands out the VACNT-based device from conventional carbon material-based devices in the energy, environmental sustainability, and so on. In this review, a comprehensive and in-depth summary on the synthesis method and fundamental mechanisms, and design strategies for the novel VACNT materials, is presented. In addition, an overview of the latest development in high-efficiency utilization of VACNT materials in representative fields, including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, terahertz spectroscopy, biology and biomedicine, and environmental sustainability, is given. Finally, the challenges and promising perspectives of VACNT materials in future development are outlined.
Mensch-KI-Teaming: Mensch und Künstliche Intelligenz in der Arbeitswelt von morgen
Authors: Kluge Annette , Ontrup Greta , Langholf Valentin , Wilkens Uta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Produktion und Fertigung wird die Arbeitswelt und die Fabrikfertigung verändern. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie die Arbeit mit KI im Interesse des Menschen gestaltet werden kann. Dafür werden verschiedene Perspektiven auf menschzentrierte KI vorgestellt. Nachfolgend wird das Modell SMART-er Arbeitsgestaltung eingeführt [37, 43]. Dieses dient als Heuristik, vor dessen Hintergrund Kriterien für die Entwicklung menschzentrierter hybrider Intelligenzen diskutiert werden. Abschließend werden fünf Gestaltungsschritte abgeleitet, die Unternehmen bei der menschzentrierten Gestaltung von Mensch-KI-Teams helfen können.
Predictive Maintenance – Voraussetzungen und Potenziale
Authors: Olivan Patrick , Hutschek Ulrich , Rummel Silvia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bei Predictive Maintenance handelt es sich im Kern um die Kommerzialisierung von Condition Monitoring. Für Entscheider stellen sich dabei folgende Fragen: Welche Geschäftsmodelle lassen sich mit Predicitve Maintenance abbilden? Und mit welchen technologischen Prinzipien kann Condition Monitoring implementiert werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden relevante Technologien und Geschäftsmodelle ausgewertet und für mittelständische Unternehmen in Form von pragmatischen Richtlinien aufbereitet.
Developmental Regulation of Homeostatic Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Wen Wei , Turrigiano Gina G. 
Published: October 2021

Homeostatic plasticity maintains network stability by adjusting excitation, inhibition, or the intrinsic excitability of neurons, but the developmental regulation and coordination of these distinct forms of homeostatic plasticity remains poorly understood. A major contributor to this information gap is the lack of a uniform paradigm for chronically manipulating activity at different developmental stages. To overcome this limitation, we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to directly suppress neuronal activity in layer2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary visual cortex of either sex at two important developmental timepoints: the classic visual system critical period [CP; postnatal day 24 (P24) to P29], and adulthood (P45 to P55). We show that 24 h of DREADD-mediated activity suppression simultaneously induces excitatory synaptic scaling up and intrinsic homeostatic plasticity in L2/3 pyramidal neurons during the CP, consistent with previous observations using prolonged visual deprivation. Importantly, manipulations known to block these forms of homeostatic plasticity when induced pharmacologically or via visual deprivation also prevented DREADD-induced homeostatic plasticity. We next used the same paradigm to suppress activity in adult animals. Surprisingly, while excitatory synaptic scaling persisted into adulthood, intrinsic homeostatic plasticity was completely absent. Finally, we found that homeostatic changes in quantal inhibitory input onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons were absent during the CP but were present in adults. Thus, the same population of neurons can express distinct sets of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms at different development stages. Our findings suggest that homeostatic forms of plasticity can be recruited in a modular manner according to the evolving needs of a developing neural circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeveloping brain circuits are subject to dramatic changes in inputs that could destabilize activity if left uncompensated. This compensation is achieved through a set of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that provide slow, negative feedback adjustments to excitability. Given that circuits are subject to very different destabilizing forces during distinct developmental stages, the forms of homeostatic plasticity present in the network must be tuned to these evolving needs. Here we developed a method to induce comparable homeostatic compensation during distinct developmental windows and found that neurons in the juvenile and mature brain engage strikingly different forms of homeostatic plasticity. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms can be recruited in a modular manner according to the developmental needs of the circuit.
Effects of estradiol on fat in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomized trial
Authors: Russell Nicholas , Hoermann Rudolf , Cheung Ada S , Zajac Jeffrey D , Handelsman David J , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Indirect evidence suggests that the effects of testosterone on fat mass in men are dependent on aromatization to estradiol (E2). However, no controlled study has assessed the effects of E2 in the absence of testosterone.

Design
Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with the hypothesis that men randomized to E2 would reduce their fat mass.

Methods
Seventy-eight participants receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer were randomized to 0.9 mg of 0.1% E2 gel per day, or matched placebo. Dual x-ray absorptiometry body composition was measured at baseline, month 3, and month 6. The primary outcome was total fat mass.

Results
Serum E2 increased in the estradiol group over 6 months compared to placebo, and mean-adjusted difference (MAD) was 207 pmol/L (95% CI: 123–292), P  < 0.001. E2 treatment changed total fat mass, MAD 1007 g (95% CI: 124–1891), but not significantly, so P = 0.09. There were other consistent non-significant trends toward increased proportional fat mass, MAD 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0–1.6), P= 0.15; gynoid fat, MAD 147 g (95% CI: 2–293), P = 0.08; visceral fat, 53 g (95% CI: 1–105) P = 0.13; and subcutaneous fat, MAD 65 g (95% CI: 5–125), P = 0.11. Android fat increased, MAD 164 g (95% CI: 41–286), P = 0.04.

Conclusion
Contrary to our hypothesis, we provide suggestive evidence that E2 acting in the absence of testosterone, may increase total and regional fat mass in men. Given the premature closure of clinical trials due to the COVID pandemic, this potentially important observation should encourage additional studies to confirm or refute whether E2 promotes fat expansion in the absence of testosterone.
Dissimilar welding of high-entropy alloy to Inconel 718 superalloy for structural applications
Authors: Sokkalingam R. , Pravallika B. , Sivaprasad K. , Muthupandi V. , Prashanth K. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh-entropy alloy, a new generation material, exhibits superior structural properties. For high-temperature applications, where dissimilar materials are in demand, HEAs may be joined with commercially available structural materials to improve their performance-life ratio. In this connection, a dissimilar joint was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding between Al0.1CoCrFeNi-HEA and Inconel 718. The columnar dendritic grains are growing epitaxially at the Al0.1CoCrFeNi-HEA/weld metal interface, where their compositions are matching. While the composition misfit at the weld metal/Inconel 718 interface, reveals the non-epitaxial mode of solidification. In addition, the fusion zone exhibits the porosity and micro-segregation of NbC and Laves phases. The joint shows a joint efficiency of ~ 88%, where the strength is observed to be 644 MPa with 21% ductility. The results demonstrate the applicability of GTAW in fabricating the dissimilar weld joints between HEA and Inconel 718 for structural applications.
Graphic abstract
Cancer and the Environment projects with four First Nations organizations: working together to address concerns about carcinogens in the environment
Authors: Palmer Alison L. , Wong-Francq Katy , Setton Eleanor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Setting
For First Nations people, human health and well-being are interconnected with a healthy environment. First Nations organizations commonly raise concerns regarding carcinogens in the environment; however, few case studies are available as guidance for working in a participatory and respectful way to help assess and address these concerns.

Intervention
Through four community-led pilot projects executed over two years, we collaborated with 15 participants from four First Nations organizations across four provinces to identify concerns related to environmental carcinogens and to address those concerns through an integrated knowledge translation (KT) approach. We co-developed and implemented strategic KT plans for each pilot project, and conducted evaluation surveys and interviews with participants at multiple time points to assess process, progress, barriers and facilitators, and impact.

Outcomes
The activities and outputs of the pilot projects are available at www.carexcanada.ca. Participants identified 18 concerns, and we co-developed 24 knowledge products. Tailored fact sheets for communities and briefing notes for leadership were deemed most useful; interactive maps were deemed less useful. Evaluation indicated that the collaborative projects were effective in addressing the concerns raised regarding exposures to carcinogens.

Implications
The participant-led approach and multi-year funding to support capacity enhancement and face-to-face engagement were facilitators to project success. However, participants did face important barriers to collaborate which should be considered in future projects of this kind: the most important being a lack of resources (people and time), given competing and often more urgent priorities.
Горнозаводская и равниннофабричная цивилизации России: индустриальное наследие и городская идентичность
Authors: Шипицына Ольга Александровна , Солонина Надежда Сергеевна , Бугров Константин Дмитриевич , Назукина Мария Викторовна , Снитко Александр Владимирович , Тимофеев Михаил Юрьевич 
Published: October 2021

Мы обсудили с экспертами, как сегодня работают с историческим индустриальным наследием в городах России и какую роль оно играет в формировании их идентичности и среды. Чтобы сфокусировать дискуссию, мы выбрали два исторических промышленных региона страны с уникальными и узнаваемыми характеристиками: «горнозаводскую цивилизацию» Урала и текстильную «равниннофабричную цивилизацию» северо-востока центральной части России. Как свидетельствуют эксперты, большое индустриальное наследие Урала постепенно осваивается городами и включается в городскую среду и идентичность. Города-заводы в поисках идентичности возвращаются к своим истокам. Но как протекает этот процесс? Укладывается ли он, например, в дилемму «снос или ревитализация»? Какие цели при этом ставятся? Происходит ли это в малых городах региона? Эксперты расходятся во мнениях. Опыт показывает, что важную роль играют сами промышленные гиганты, наравне с городами актуализирующие свое наследие. Впрочем, как выясняется, не везде на Урале господствует индустриальная идентичность, даже если ее поддерживает процветающая отрасль. Например, в Пермском крае ее дополняют поиски новых смыслов на территории актуальной культуры. В свою очередь, равниннофабричную цивилизацию постигла иная участь. Здесь города-заводы, урбанистически и эстетически сформированные своими производствами, стали просто городами. Кризис текстильной отрасли, исчезновение или упадок предприятий оставили городам большое, но выключенное из их жизни индустриальное наследие. Поэтому попытки выстроить локальную идентичность непосредственно на его основе в основном проваливаются, что заставляет искать обходные пути освоения этого наследия — например, через акцент на уникальной конструктивистской архитектуре.
Pensar el Dibujo: el Acontecimiento del Verbo Dibujar y el Debate en Torno a su Evaluación.
Authors: León Luque Jose Ignacio 
Published: October 2021

En el presente texto nos preguntamos acerca de lo que requiere la acción de dibujar como acontecimiento en sí mismo, para luego plantear posibilidades funcionales y procedimentales del dibujo que se vincularán con elementos relativos a proyectos de Investigación y Creación en Arte. Esta decisión obedece a una serie de cuestionamientos sobre la diferencia de perspectiva que opera entre la experiencia de la creación y los límites a que se obliga frente a condicionamientos externos, como por ejemplo, en la postulación de proyectos para su financiamiento, al considerar esencial expandir la frontera de la producción, haciendo tanto del procedimiento como de la funcionalidad un campo de prueba e investigación cuyo resultado quede, en consecuencia, abierto a lo que ofrezca la experiencia en sí misma. Al final se presentan ejemplos de registro in situ para un recorrido mediante dibujo, en donde se cuestionan las posiciones que adopta el dibujante respecto del motivo y la conciencia que construye y comunica a partir de la lectura y reconocimiento por parte del espectador frente al resultado de la acción de dibujar.
Intrastromal Strengthening of the Cornea by Technology BLOK in Case of Ectasia after LASIK with Limited Thickness and Inefficiency of Cross-Linking (Clinical Observation)
Authors: Osipyan G. A. , Sheludchenko V. M. , Yusef Yusef Naim , Khraystin Kh. , Dzhalili R. A. , Krasnolutskaya E. I. , Ermakova S. V. 
Published: October 2021

Iatrogenic keratectasia is a corneal disease caused by refractive surgery, most frequently after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as a surgical correction of ametropia, and also after injuries, penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. The following changes are noted in case of keratectasia after laser keratomileusis: an increase in keratometric indices in the central and lower parts of the cornea, a decrease in stromal thickness and a myopic shift in refraction, a progressive impairment of visual functions — a decrease in uncorrected visual acuity, monocular diplopia and an inability of spherocylindrical correction. A thin corneal bed or small residual stromal thickness, re-surgery LASIK in anamnesis, and also the initial preoperative features of the corneal topogram (Irregularity, asymmetric bow tie pattern) are considered to be the main risk factors of keratectasia after LASIK surgery.Methods. A patient with secondary keratectasia who had previously undergone LASIK and crosslinking was found to have progressive secondary keratectasia and decreased visual functions. An individual allograft was implanted (the form of a Landolt ring, 300 µm, at a depth of 290 µm) using the technology of bandage keratoplasty. Cutting transportat graft and tunnels for implantation were produced with the help of femtosecond laser. The data of visometry and keratotopography were evaluated.Results. As a result of the formation of the bandage, the functions of the eyes improved, and ectasia did not progress for 6 months. Visual acuity increased from 0.15 to 0.66, the average value of keratometry was 40.35 diopters, with the initial 44.8 diopters. The minimal corneal thickness remained at 440 µm.Conclusion. The proposed surgical technology BLOK allows to get an effective result in case of keratectasia after LASIK, which is manifested in improving visual functions, strengthening the cornea and normalizing its surface, as well as provides reduction of the further progression of keratectasia.
Intermittent vibratory stimulation to accelerate tooth movement: A clinical study
Authors: Garg Aayush Kumar , Tikku Tripti , Srivastava Kamna , Khanna Rohit , Maurya Rana Pratap , Verma Sneh Lata 
Published: October 2021

Vibratory stimulus is non-invasive and non-pharmacologic method for acceleration of Orthodontic tooth movement in adult patients. As powered toothbrush can provide cheaper alternative to Acceledent (a patent and expensive device) it was decided to evaluate the effectiveness of vibratory stimulation from powered toothbrush as a method of accelerating individual canine retraction.Sample consisted of 24 patients undergoing fixed Orthodontic treatment, in whom separate canine retraction was planned after extraction of all first premolars using NiTi closed coil spring. Force was standardized as 150 grams and checked at each appointment using Dontrix gauge. Following split mouth study design, right side was the experimental side where patients were asked to apply the vibratory stimulus through powered tooth brush (133Hz frequency) for 6 minutes (3 minutes labially and 3 minutes palatally) three times daily at regular intervals for a period of 3 months. Study models were taken at T0 (start of canine retraction), T1 (after 1st month), T2 (after 2nd month) and T3 (after 3rd month). Mean amount of canine movement and molar movement with respect to 3rd palatine rugae was measured on Digimizer software on both the sides for different time intervals.Statistically significant increase in canine movement was seen for total canine movement (T0-T3), movement from T0-T1 and from T2-T3. There was statistically insignificant difference in mesial movement of molars for different time intervals.There was an increased rate of canine movement on the side of vibratory stimulation (right side) in comparison to the control side (left side) for all time intervals and can be used to decrease treatment time in adults.