bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with the cold and fighting the heat: thermal homeostasis of a superorganism, the honeybee colony
Authors: Stabentheiner Anton , Kovac Helmut , Mandl Monika , Käfer Helmut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe worldwide distribution of honeybees and their fast propagation to new areas rests on their ability to keep up optimal ‘tropical conditions’ in their brood nest both in the cold and in the heat. Honeybee colonies behave like ‘superorganisms’ where individuals work together to promote reproduction of the colony. Social cooperation has developed strongly in thermal homeostasis, which guarantees a fast and constant development of the brood. We here report on the cooperation of individuals in reaction to environmental variation to achieve thermal constancy of 34–36 °C. The measurement of body temperature together with bee density and in-hive microclimate showed that behaviours for hive heating or cooling are strongly interlaced and differ in their start values. When environmental temperature changes, heat production is adjusted both by regulation of bee density due to migration activity and by the degree of endothermy. Overheating of the brood is prevented by cooling with water droplets and increased fanning, which start already at moderate temperatures where heat production and bee density are still at an increased level. This interlaced change and onset of different thermoregulatory behaviours guarantees a graded adaptation of individual behaviour to stabilise the temperature of the brood.
Multiview deep learning based on tensor decomposition and its application in fault detection of overhead contact systems
Authors: Zhang Xuewu , Gong Yansheng , Qiao Chen , Jing Wenfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article mainly focuses on the most common types of high-speed railways malfunctions in overhead contact systems, namely, unstressed droppers, foreign-body invasions, and pole number-plate malfunctions, to establish a deep-network detection model. By fusing the feature maps of the shallow and deep layers in the pretraining network, global and local features of the malfunction area are combined to enhance the network's ability of identifying small objects. Further, in order to share the fully connected layers of the pretraining network and reduce the complexity of the model, Tucker tensor decomposition is used to extract features from the fused-feature map. The operation greatly reduces training time. Through the detection of images collected on the Lanxin railway line, experiments result show that the proposed multiview Faster R-CNN based on tensor decomposition had lower miss probability and higher detection accuracy for the three types faults. Compared with object-detection methods YOLOv3, SSD, and the original Faster R-CNN, the average miss probability of the improved Faster R-CNN model in this paper is decreased by 37.83%, 51.27%, and 43.79%, respectively, and average detection accuracy is increased by 3.6%, 9.75%, and 5.9%, respectively.
Interdecadal weakening of the cross-equatorial flows over the Maritime Continent during the boreal summer in the mid-1990s: drivers and physical processes
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Dong Buwen , Lu Riyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the cross-equatorial flows (CEF) on both high and low level (HCEF/LCEF) troposphere over the Maritime Continent (MC) in boreal summer are found to have experienced an interdecadal weakening in the mid-1990s based on both JRA55 and NCEP reanalyses. The outputs of 8 coupled models in CMIP6 are used to investigate drivers and the corresponding mechanisms. Model results show that the role of external forcing is weak in the interdecadal weakening of CEF. By contrast, the observed interdecadal weakening of both HCEF and LCEF can be largely explained by internal variability associated with a negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Associated with negative IPO are anomalous divergence (convergence), enhanced precipitation over MC and anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations, reduced precipitation over western North Pacific (WNP) in the upper (lower) troposphere. Sensitivity experiments based on MetUM-GA6 further manifest that this IPO phase transition can lead to the interdecadal weakening of CEF, in which the central tropical Pacific (CTP) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies play a dominant role. The cold SST anomalies in CTP lead to reduced local convection and trigger enhanced convection over MC through changes in the Walker circulation. The enhanced convection over MC leads to a change in local Hadley circulation over the western Pacific sector. This change is characterized by anomalous ascents over MC, southerlies in the upper troposphere, descents and reduced precipitation over WNP and northerlies in the lower troposphere, leading to the weakening of CEF. Meanwhile, positive SST anomalies over MC associated with negative IPO also make a contribution to the weakening of CEF by inducing a change in the Hadley circulation in the western Pacific sector through similar processes.
Oral antibiotic bowel decontamination in open and laparoscopic sigmoid resections for diverticular disease
Authors: Wirth Ulrich , Schardey Josefine , von Ahnen Thomas , Zimmermann Petra , Kühn Florian , Werner Jens , Schardey Hans Martin , Rau Bettina M. , Gumpp Julia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is an ongoing debate on whether or not to use oral antibiotic bowel decontamination in colorectal surgery, despite the numerous different regimens in terms of antibiotic substances and duration of application. As we routinely use oral antibiotic bowel decontamination (selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) regimen and SDD regimen plus vancomycin since 2016) in surgery for diverticular disease, our aim was to retrospectively analyze the perioperative outcome in two independent centers.

Methods
Data from two centers with a routine use of oral antibiotic bowel decontamination for up to 20 years of experience were analyzed for the perioperative outcome of 384 patients undergoing surgery for diverticular disease.

Results
Overall morbidity was 12.8%, overall mortality was 0.3%, the overall rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) was 1.0%, and surgical site infections (SSIs) were 5.5% and 7.8% of all infectious complications including urinary tract infections and pneumonia. No serious adverse events were related to use of oral antibiotic bowel decontamination. Most of the patients (93.8%) completed the perioperative regimen. Additional use of vancomycin to the SDD regimen did not show a further reduction of infectious complications, including SSI and AL.

Conclusion
Oral antibiotic decontamination appears to be safe and effective with low rates of AL and infectious complications in surgery for diverticular disease.
COVID-19 im Alter – Die geriatrische Perspektive
Authors: Wirth R. , Becker C. , Djukic M. , Drebenstedt C. , Heppner H. J. , Jacobs A. H. , Meisel M. , Michels G. , Nau R. , Pantel J. , Bauer J. M. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungSchwerwiegend verlaufende COVID-19-Erkrankungen betreffen vorwiegend die ältere Bevölkerung. Die Mortalität der hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten im Alter über 80 Jahre liegt international bei bis zu 54 %. Daher ist ein Blick auf die Erkrankung aus geriatrischer Perspektive erforderlich. Diagnostik und Therapie der COVID-19-Erkrankung unterscheiden sich bei den älteren Patienten nicht grundsätzlich von der bei jüngeren Patienten. Allerdings ist bei Patienten im hohen Alter gehäuft mit einer atypischen Symptomatik zu rechnen. Der Rehabilitationsbedarf nach durchgemachter Infektion ist bei älteren COVID-19-Patienten deutlich höher als bei jüngeren Patienten. Paradoxerweise steht der Notwendigkeit vermehrter Rehabilitationsleistungen jedoch ein sinkendes Angebot geriatrischer Rehabilitationsmöglichkeiten gegenüber, da viele Abteilungen entweder geschlossen oder deren Behandlungskapazitäten reduziert wurden. Generell sollten Quarantäne- und Isolationsmaßnahmen in der älteren Bevölkerung verstärkt auf ihre Verhältnismäßigkeit überprüft werden, da die gesundheitlichen und emotionalen Auswirkungen gravierend sein können. Angesichts der ungünstigen Prognose bei hochaltrigen COVID-19-Patienten kommt der Berücksichtigung des Patientenwillens eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Daher sollten Angehörige und Ärzte sich frühzeitig, d. h. möglichst bereits vor dem Auftreten einer Infektion, bemühen, diesen zu eruieren und angemessen zu dokumentieren. Erfreulicherweise lassen die bisherigen Daten hoffen, dass die Impfung mit den in Deutschland zugelassenen mRNA-Impfstoffen gegen SARS-CoV‑2 auch im hohen Alter gut wirksam ist.
Fertility preserving management of early endometrial cancer in a patient cohort at the department of women’s health at the university of Tuebingen
Authors: Andress Jürgen , Pasternak Jana , Walter Christina , Kommoss Stefan , Krämer Bernhard , Hartkopf Andreas , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Schönfisch Birgitt , Steinmacher Sahra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the oncologic and reproductive outcome of a conservative treatment with progestin agents in early-stage grade 1 endometrial cancer (G1EC), grade 2 endometrial cancer (G2EC) or complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) in young premenopausal women.

Methods
Women treated for early-stage endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium with a conservative therapy between 2006 and 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Progestin agents were orally administered on a daily basis for 3 months for at least one cycle. Endometrial tissue was obtained by hysteroscopy and Dilatation & Curettage (D&C) being performed before and after end of treatment. Therapeutic response was assessed by pathological examination.

Results
A total of 14 patients were included. After treatment with progestin agents, 11 of these patients initially showed a complete or partial response. Three patients with early-stage endometrial cancer did not respond.
Of the three patients with initially diagnosed atypical hyperplasia, none showed any remaining disease later. Of the eight patients with initially diagnosed endometrial cancer, who had responded to first treatment, three patients were re-diagnosed with endometrial cancer later. One patient with initial endometrial cancer became pregnant but aborted in the 10th week.

Conclusion
Due to its good efficacy, progestin agents offer a feasible therapeutic option in the fertility-preserving treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer in young premenopausal women. However, recurrence rate remains high. Therefore, a close follow-up is mandatory, also in responders. Patients should be informed of limitations and risks of conservative treatment. Yet after completion of family planning, hysterectomy should be performed.
Ontogenetic development of the shoulder joint muscles in frogs (Amphibia: Anura) assessed by digital dissection with implications for interspecific muscle homologies and nomenclature
Authors: Engelkes Karolin , Panpeng Supak , Haas Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious myological studies show inconsistencies with regard to the identification and naming of the shoulder joint muscles in frogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura). Those inconsistencies were revealed and resolved by assessing the ontogenetic development, innervation, and adult morphology of selected anuran species representing ancient lineages and two major neobatrachian groups. To do so, digital dissections of volumes acquired by histological serial sectioning, episcopic microtomy, and contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography scanning were performed and three-dimensional reconstructions were derived. Muscle units crossing the shoulder joint were defined, their ontogenetic development was described, their homology across species was established, and a consistent nomenclature was suggested. The mm. anconaeus, dorsalis scapulae, latissimus dorsi, and the group of scapulohumeralis muscles were ontogenetically derived from the dorsal pre-muscle mass present in all tetrapods. The ventral pre-muscle mass gave rise to the mm. cleidohumeralis, episternohumeralis, supracoracoideus, coracoradialis, subcoracoscapularis, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis. The results indicate that the mm. anconaeus, dorsalis scapulae, latissimus dorsi, coracoradialis, and the portionis sternalis and abdominalis of the m. pectoralis have consistently been recognized and denoted in previous studies, whereas the names for the muscle units commonly denoted as m. coraco-brachialis longus and as parts of the m. deltoideus are misleading with regard to the ontogenetic origin of these muscles. The mm. scapulohumeralis profundus anterior and posterior, although present, have been overlooked in some studies. The mm. cleidohumeralis, supracoracoideus, and coracobrachialis are present with two parts or portions in some species, these portions have previously not always been recognized and assigned correctly.
T helper cell trafficking in autoimmune kidney diseases
Authors: Riedel Jan-Hendrik , Turner Jan-Eric , Panzer Ulf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCD4+T cells are key drivers of autoimmune diseases, including crescentic GN. Many effector mechanisms employed by T cells to mediate renal damage and repair, such as local cytokine production, depend on their presence at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating the renal CD4+T cell infiltrate are of central importance. From a conceptual point of view, there are four distinct factors that can regulate the abundance of T cells in the kidney: (1) T cell infiltration, (2) T cell proliferation, (3) T cell death and (4) T cell retention/egress. While a substantial amount of data on the recruitment of T cells to the kidneys in crescentic GN have accumulated over the last decade, the roles of T cell proliferation and death in the kidney in crescentic GN is less well characterized. However, the findings from the data available so far do not indicate a major role of these processes. More importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying both egress and retention of T cells from/in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, are unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms and functions of T cell migration in renal autoimmune diseases with a special focus on chemokines and their receptors.
Improved Online Algorithms for Knapsack and GAP in the Random Order Model
Authors: Albers Susanne , Khan Arindam , Ladewig Leon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe knapsack problem is one of the classical problems in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each specified by its size and profit, the goal is to find a maximum profit packing into a knapsack of bounded capacity. In the online setting, items are revealed one by one and the decision, if the current item is packed or discarded forever, must be done immediately and irrevocably upon arrival. We study the online variant in the random order model where the input sequence is a uniform random permutation of the item set. We develop a randomized (1/6.65)-competitive algorithm for this problem, outperforming the current best algorithm of competitive ratio 1/8.06 (Kesselheim et al. in SIAM J Comput 47(5):1939–1964, 2018). Our algorithm is based on two new insights: We introduce a novel algorithmic approach that employs two given algorithms, optimized for restricted item classes, sequentially on the input sequence. In addition, we study and exploit the relationship of the knapsack problem to the 2-secretary problem. The generalized assignment problem (GAP) includes, besides the knapsack problem, several important problems related to scheduling and matching. We show that in the same online setting, applying the proposed sequential approach yields a (1/6.99)-competitive randomized algorithm for GAP. Again, our proposed algorithm outperforms the current best result of competitive ratio 1/8.06 (Kesselheim et al. in SIAM J Comput 47(5):1939–1964, 2018).
Two Remarks on Graph Norms
Authors: Garbe Frederik , Hladký Jan , Lee Joonkyung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor a graph H, its homomorphism density in graphs naturally extends to the space of two-variable symmetric functions W in $$L^p$$

L
p

, $$p\ge e(H)$$

p
≥
e
(
H
)

, denoted by t(H, W). One may then define corresponding functionals $$\Vert W\Vert _{H}\,{:}{=}\,|t(H,W)|^{1/e(H)}$$

‖
W
‖

H

:
=

|
t

(
H
,
W
)

|

1
/
e
(
H
)

and $$\Vert W\Vert _{r(H)}\,{:}{=}\,t(H,|W|)^{1/e(H)}$$

‖
W
‖

r
(
H
)

:
=

t

(
H
,
|
W
|
)

1
/
e
(
H
)

, and say that H is (semi-)norming if $$\Vert \,{\cdot }\,\Vert _{H}$$

‖

·

‖

H

is a (semi-)norm and that H is weakly norming if $$\Vert \,{\cdot }\,\Vert _{r(H)}$$

‖

·

‖

r
(
H
)

is a norm. We obtain two results that contribute to the theory of (weakly) norming graphs. Firstly, answering a question of Hatami, who estimated the modulus of convexity and smoothness of $$\Vert \,{\cdot }\,\Vert _{H}$$

‖

·

‖

H

, we prove that $$\Vert \,{\cdot }\,\Vert _{r(H)}$$

‖

·

‖

r
(
H
)

is neither uniformly convex nor uniformly smooth, provided that H is weakly norming. Secondly, we prove that every graph H without isolated vertices is (weakly) norming if and only if each component is an isomorphic copy of a (weakly) norming graph. This strong factorisation result allows us to assume connectivity of H when studying graph norms. In particular, we correct a negligence in the original statement of the aforementioned theorem by Hatami.
Validation of the Italian Version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-It) Against Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and Nutritional Status
Authors: Ninfa Aurora , Pizzorni Nicole , Eplite Angelo , Moltisanti Claudia , Schindler Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a reliable and valid tool to assess functional oral intake of food and liquids in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). Its validity was established for stroke patients against Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study in English and Chinese and against Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) in German. FOIS was cross-culturally validated into Italian (FOIS-It), but construct validity against instrumental assessment and nutritional status was not investigated. The study aims at contributing to the validation of the FOIS-It, by performing convergent and known-group validity against FEES and nutritional status in patients with OD of different etiologies. Overall, 220 adult patients with OD of etiological heterogeneity were recruited. FOIS-It score and Body Mass Index (BMI) were collected. FEES was performed to assess swallowing safety and efficiency based on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS). Moderate to weak associations with PAS (ρ = − .37, p < .01), YPRSRS in the pyriform sinuses (ρ = − .20, p < .01), and BMI (ρ = .24, p < .01) were detected with Spearman’s correlation. FOIS-It distribution was compared with the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significantly lower FOIS-It scores were detected among patients with penetration/aspiration (PAS > 2) and penetration (PAS > 2 ≤ 5) for all consistencies (p < .01), aspiration (PAS > 5) of liquids and semisolids (p < .001), residue in the pyriform sinuses (YPRSRS > 3) with semisolids (p < .001) and solids (p = .02), and malnutrition (BMI ≤ 18.5; p = .019). FOIS-It appears as a valid tool to assess functional oral intake against FEES’ measures of swallowing safety and efficiency and nutritional status in patients with OD of etiological heterogeneity.
Early clinical management of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Liebau Max Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare but highly relevant disorder in pediatric nephrology. This genetic disease is mainly caused by variants in the PKHD1 gene and is characterized by fibrocystic hepatorenal phenotypes with major clinical variability. ARPKD frequently presents perinatally, and the management of perinatal and early disease symptoms may be challenging. This review discusses aspects of early manifestations in ARPKD and its clincial management with a special focus on kidney disease.
Untersuchung eines Doppelspitzschlägels aus dem römerzeitlichen Marmorsteinbruchrevier Spitzelofen in Kärnten, Österreich
Authors: Scheiblechner Wolfgang , Karl Stephan , Modl Daniel , Strobl Susanne , Haubner Roland 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Doppelspitzschlägel aus dem römerzeitlichen Marmorsteinbruchrevier Spitzelofen in Kärnten wurde untersucht, um dessen Herstellung und Einsatz bei der Marmorbearbeitung beurteilen zu können.Das Eisen wurde in Form von Luppen aus Rennfeuern erhalten. Inhomogene Kohlenstoffverteilungen im Schlägel können auf die Eisenherstellung im Rennfeuer sowie die Verarbeitung durch Schmieden zurückgeführt werden. Das Eisen des Doppelspitzschlägels besteht weitgehend aus Stahl mit eutektoidem (0,8 % C) Kohlenstoffgehalt, wobei vor allem an der Spitze ein Gradient zu fast reinem Ferrit beobachtet wurde. Es wurden die erwarteten Stahlgefüge, wie Perlit, Zwischenstufe, Widmannstättscher Ferrit und Ferrit, gefunden, jedoch kein Martensit. Um dies abzuklären, wurden Spitzen nachgeschmiedet und gehärtet, wobei auch hier kein Martensit an den Oberflächen der Spitzen nachgewiesen werden konnte.Versuche zur Marmorbearbeitung mit einem nachgeschmiedeten Doppelspitzschlägel zeigten, dass eine regelmäßige Nachbearbeitung der Werkzeuge notwendig war, was auch die im Steinbruchrevier gefundenen Schmiedeplätze erklärt.
Navigated iliac screw placement may reduce radiation and OR time in lumbopelvic fixation of unstable complex sacral fractures
Authors: Hoffmann M. F. , Yilmaz E. , Norvel D. C. , Schildhauer T. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Instability of the posterior pelvic ring may be stabilized by lumbopelvic fixation. The optimal osseous corridor for iliac screw placement from the posterior superior iliac spine to the anterior inferior iliac spine requires multiple ap- and lateral-views with additional obturator-outlet and -inlet views.
The purpose of this study was to determine if navigated iliac screw placement for lumbopelvic fixation influences surgical time, fluoroscopy time, radiation exposure, and complication rates.

Methods
Bilateral lumbopelvic fixation was performed in 63 patients. Implants were inserted as previously described by Schildhauer. A passive optoelectronic navigation system with surface matching on L4 was utilized for navigated iliac screw placement. To compare groups, demographics were assessed. Operative time, fluoroscopic time, and radiation were delineated.

Results
Conventional fluoroscopic imaging for lumbopelvic fixation was performed in 32 patients and 31 patients underwent the procedure with navigated iliac screw placement. No differences were found between the groups regarding demographics, comorbidities, or additional surgical procedures.
Utilization of navigation led to fluoroscopy time reduction of more than 50% (3.2 vs. 8.6 min.; p < 0.001) resulting in reduced radiation (2004.5 vs. 5130.8 Gy*cm2; p < 0.001). Operative time was reduced in the navigation group (176.7 vs. 227.4 min; p = 0.002) despite the necessity of additional surface referencing.

Conclusion
For iliac screws, identifying the correct entry point and angle of implantation requires detailed anatomic knowledge and multiple radiographic views. In our study, additional navigation reduced operative time and fluoroscopy time resulting in a significant reduction of radiation exposure for patients and OR personnel.