bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-CT analysis reveals porosity driven growth banding in Caribbean coral Siderastrea siderea
Authors: Vincent James , Sheldrake Tom 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
X-radiography of massive scleractinian coral skeletons reveal light and dark couplets termed “growth bands”, which are commonly related to seasonal fluctuations in environmental parameters including insolation and sea surface temperature (SST). Massive corals grow by extension of skeletal structures followed by thickening within the surface tissue layer. Therefore, an understanding of the depth in which skeletal thickening occurs is important to aid the interpretation of seasonal banding patterns. In this study, two colonies of Caribbean coral Siderastrea siderea were sampled from the north-west coast of Barbados at water depths of 5 and 15 m. The three-dimensional skeletal structure of each sample was reconstructed at high spatial resolutions using micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning. A pixel segmentation algorithm was developed to classify different microstructures within the skeleton and to quantify spatial variations in corallite and theca porosity at the micrometer scale. The porosity reconstructions of the deeper sample reveal clearer growth banding, with a more dominant signal originating from within the corallite. Skeletal thickening occurs within the top two-thirds of the total depth of soft tissues and the rate of thickening varies between microstructures. Seasonality in the shallower sample is less clear, although porosity variability with depth is more similar across microstructures. The difference in signal origin and clarity between the two samples is attributed to the varying stability of water depth-dependent variables (i.e., insolation and wave energy). This study provides a new, powerful method of reconstructing and understanding growth strategies in massive scleractinian corals.
An online distributed optimisation model solving the time‐coupled conundrum by the Lyapunov drift plus penalty method
Authors: An Molin , Lu Tianguang , Han Xueshan , Ding Zhaohao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the increasing proportion of distributed energy resources, optimisation in the active distribution network becomes highly complex and challenging. To protect user privacy and perform efficient calculations, this paper proposes an online distributed optimisation between the user and the operator. To overcome the constraint non‐linearity, a new linear power flow model is adopted, which can be updated online. In addition, to solve the time‐coupled conundrum of energy storage, the Lyapunov drift plus penalty method is employed to transform the long‐time scale optimisation problem into an instantaneous problem. Furthermore, a novel proportional integral derivative (PID)–Lagrange algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency, where the distributed optimisation algorithm is considered as a control process, and a PID controller is used to control it. The proposed PID–Lagrange algorithm has an explicit parameter tuning strategy and significantly improves the efficiency by 54.23% in the case study.
Operative Therapie nach Läsion des R. superficialis des N. radialis –
mittelfristige Ergebnisse
Authors: Tsironis Maria , Vossen Sandra 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie der Verletzung des Ramus superficialis des Nervus radialis (R.
superficialis n. radialis) bleibt für Chirurgen und Patienten eine
Herausforderung. Sie sind für den Patienten mit einem sehr hohen
Leidensdruck durch elektrisierende Schmerzen in Höhe der Verletzung und
Sensibilitätsstörungen im Versorgungsgebiet verbunden. Die erhobenen Daten
aus einem Behandlungszeitraum von 6 Jahren sollen einen Überblick über
chirurgische Verfahren, den zeitlichen Verlauf und deren Ergebnisse
geben.Retrospektiv wurden 17 Fälle aufbereitet, die zwischen 04/2017 und 12/2022
nach einer Verletzung des R. superficialis n. radialis operiert wurden.
Sechzehn Patienten konnten standardisiert hinsichtlich der Regeneration,
Beschwerdelinderung und postoperativer Zufriedenheit befragt werden. Die
durchschnittliche zeitliche Latenz zwischen auslösendem Ereignis und
Operation lag bei 13,4 Monaten (Spannweite 3–60 M). In 4 von 16 Fällen wurde
bei makroskopisch sichtbaren narbigen Veränderungen ohne morpholigsche
Veränderung des Nervs mit erhaltener Kontinuität eine Neurolyse
durchgeführt. Rekonstruktionen durch Naht erfolgten in 12 Fällen, von denen
4 ohne Neuroprotektion und 8 mit Neuroprotektion durchgeführt wurden. Als
Neuroprotektion wurden in 2 Fällen ein Neurotube und 6 Mal eine autologe
Vene verwendet.Die durchgeführte Operation führte in allen Fällen zu einer Verbesserung der
Beschwerden. Unabhängig vom zeitlichen Intervall zwischen Verletzung des R.
superficialis n. radialis und operativer Intervention ist eine
Beschwerdelinderung hinsichtlich der vorangegangenen Symptome Schmerzen,
Hyp-/Dysästhesien und auslösbarem HT Zeichen eingetreten. Obwohl die
Rekonstruktion des Nervs nicht zu einer vollständigen Remission führte, sind
die Patienten mit dem Ergebnis zufrieden. Dabei war in den meisten Fällen
der Verbleib von Hypästhesien zu beobachten. Die Neuroprotektion des Nervs
durch ein Veneninterponat führte im Vergleich zu den Versorgungen ohne
Veneninterponat zur vermehrten Schmerzlinderung.Obwohl Restbeschwerden verblieben, war die Linderung der Symptome für alle
Patienten entscheidend. Nach Verletzungen des R. superficialis n. radialis
sollte die operative Therapie mit Erhalt oder Wiederherstellung der
Kontinuität des verletzten Nervenastes als erfolgversprechende
Therapieoption in Betracht gezogen werden.
InP-on-GaAs engineered substrates: A pathway toward low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic device fabrication
Authors: Pellegrino Carmine , Dimroth Frank , Ohlmann Jens , Helmers Henning , Lackner David 
Published: February 2025

Indium Phosphide (InP) plays a pivotal role in the semiconductor industry, particularly in the development of high-power, high-frequency optoelectronic devices that are essential for next-generation applications not only in telecommunications, data centers, and photonic systems but also in automotive technologies and consumer electronics. Despite its advantages, the widespread adoption of InP-based devices is hindered by high costs and limited throughput of fabrication processes. To ensure the competitiveness of InP devices in the rapidly evolving semiconductor market, it is imperative to reduce substrate costs and improve production yields. InP-on-GaAs engineered substrates offer a promising solution, provided that device requirements such as efficiency and reliability are still met. In this study, we investigate the potential of 6-in. InP-on-GaAs engineered substrates for advanced optoelectronic applications. We demonstrate epitaxial growth, fabrication, and characterization of an In0.53Ga0.47As-based photonic power converter, namely a photovoltaic cell designed for monochromatic energy conversion at 1.55 μm. The performances are on par with that of reference devices fabricated on a prime InP wafer. Our findings demonstrate that InP-on-GaAs substrates can deliver high performance metrics in terms of material quality and wafer uniformity, paving the way for the development of cost-effective InP-based optoelectronic devices.
Iterated invariance principle for random dynamical systems
Authors: Dragičević D , Hafouta Y 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove a weak iterated invariance principle for a large class of non-uniformly expanding random dynamical systems. In addition, we give a quenched homogenization result for fast-slow systems in the case when the fast component corresponds to a uniformly expanding random system. Our techniques rely on the appropriate martingale decomposition.
Unveiling the Potential of Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers: A Concise Review
Authors: Huang Hai , Yang Chuanyi , Li Hui , Zhang Zhaoyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traditional semiconductor lasers, despite their versatility, face significant challenges in beam control, power output, and temperature sensitivity. Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) overcome these limitations by employing a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure, enabling large-area, high-power, coherent laser emission with narrow beam divergence and narrow linewidth. This review offers a comprehensive overview of PCSEL technology, concentrating on its design principles, fabrication processes, and potential applications. We trace the development of PCSELs from their initial demonstration in 1999 to recent breakthroughs achieving 50W output power with ultra-narrow beam divergence. Furthermore, we explore the fundamental design principles of PCSELs, including mode analysis, threshold current, and injection design. The key steps in PCSEL fabrication are outlined, with a focus on methods such as regrowth epitaxy and transparent conductor deposition. Finally, we compare PCSELs with established semiconductor laser types, highlighting their applications and future prospects.&#xD;
High-Tc superconducting transformer-rectifiers: principle, realization, and applications
Authors: Geng Jianzhao , Lin Yi , Bumby Chris W , Badcock Rodney Alan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-Tc superconducting (HTS) flux pumps are capable of wirelessly powering HTS magnets, and are becoming promising alternatives of driven mode excitation which requires thermally inefficient current leads. HTS transformer-rectifiers, also considered as a type of HTS flux pumps, have drawn broad attention in recent years, since they enabled a number of novel HTS magnet applications. Compared to other types of HTS flux pumps, these devices are clear in physics and circuit topologies, easily controllable, and superior in some key performances. In this work, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the thriving field of HTS transformer-rectifiers, especially those unconventional ones which do not involve superconducting-to-normal state transition. The work starts with explaining the working principle, including the underlying physics of induction-rectification effect, circuit topologies, and switching methods; followed by introducing design methods and construction considerations for engineering devices; and ends with summarizing research and development status, as well as potential applications of HTS transformer-rectifiers.
Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Raza Aquib , Tak Shing Ching Congo , Liu Peng-Ta , Phan Thien-Luan , Tran Ngoc-Luan , Nguyen Ha Anh T. , Rameez Mohammad , Li Hung-Chung , Nguyen Phuong Linh Dao , Van Hieu Nguyen , Nghia Tran Trung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into ‘healthy’ and ‘osteoarthritic’ categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model’s robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model’s decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions.
Nonlinear bending of an agglomerated CNT-reinforced composite sandwich beam and frame structure
Authors: Kien Nguyen Dinh , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Vinh Tran Quang , Hoai Bui Thi Thu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nonlinear bending of the sandwich beam and frame structure made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composite is investigated considering the agglomeration of CNTs. The structure is composed of a polymer core and face sheets of composite. A corotational element is derived and employed to construct the nonlinear governing equation. An Iterative method is adopted with arc-length technique to compute the structure’s response. The results indicate that of the agglomeration of CNTs is important for the nonlinear response of the structure, and the response is more prominent when the degree of agglomeration is more severe. The impacts of the CNT reinforcement on the nonlinear behavior are investigated in detail. The effects of the ratio of core thickness to face thickness on the nonlinear response of the structure is also explored and highlighted.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Wave Energy Exploitation by Various Devices in Vietnamese Coastal Waters
Authors: Ngo Binh Khanh , Dang Thuc Tri , Cashman Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wave energy represents a substantial and highly promising resource for our country, with the potential for significant exploitation. While numerous previous studies have concentrated on analyzing the energy potential along our coastal regions, there remains a critical gap in the research regarding the operational efficiency of wave energy conversion devices in these areas. Addressing this gap, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the wave energy exploitation potential in our coastal waters through the use of two distinct types of devices: AquaBuoy and Oscillating Water Column (OWC). To achieve this, the study will employ both analytical and simulation methodologies to calculate and compare the operational efficiencies of these devices under various conditions. Additionally, by utilizing the most recent data from the Vietnam Hydrometeorological Administration (2022) alongside international reports detailing the costs associated with the construction and installation of these devices, this paper will develop a comprehensive set of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) parameters. These parameters will serve as critical metrics for evaluating the economic viability and effectiveness of wave energy exploitation in our coastal regions. The insights gained from this study are expected to contribute significantly to the strategic planning and implementation of wave energy projects in our country, thereby promoting sustainable energy development.
Design of roller feeding assembly for 3D printer using powder materials
Authors: Bui Trong Hieu , Du My Le , Nguyen Anh Khai , Huynh Huu Nghi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing uses Powder bed Fushion - PBF powder material that is being used more and more widely in important industries such as manufacturing, aviation, space, et cetera. This technology can be used to create Rapid prototyping and product manufacturing, which help businesses quickly convert initiatives and ideas into actual products and effectively increase their competitiveness in today’s fierce battle. In Vietnam, 3D printing technology using powdered materials such as gypsum powder and metal is increasingly being researched and applied. The feeding cluster is an important part of equipment lines using this technology. The goal of the article is to design a roller feeding assembly for powder materials suitable for laboratory-scale equipment. As a result, the authors have designed a feeding cluster for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material according to the one-tank method, studying the roller parameters affecting the powder material. From there, the designer can adjust the appropriate compression level for each different type of powder material to create better quality products.
Analysis of head injuries of motorcyclist colliding with cars in traffic conditions in Vietnam
Authors: Du Ho Trong , Anh Ly Hung , Trang Nguyen Van , Quang Tran Duy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Vietnam, motorbikes are a commonly used means of road transport because of their high mobility and low price. Therefore, traffic accidents involving motorbikes are increasing. When an accident occurs, the motorcyclist is the most vulnerable to injury and death. The majority of deaths of motorcyclists are related to head injuries. This study aims to analyze motorcyclists’ head injuries by simulating a car motorbike accident. The THUMS AM50 (Total Human Model for Safety-50th percentile adult male) human model is scaled to fit the average stature of men in Vietnam and is named V-THUMS (Vietnamese -Total Human Model for Safety). The finite element models of cars and motorbikes have been verified for correctness. Furthermore, a completely newly constructed half-helmet finite element model fits the head circumference of V-THUMS. Then, the V-THUMS model was set up to ride a motorbike and collide head-on with a Sedan car under different conditions (car velocity, motorbike velocity, impact angle, wearing a helmet, not wearing a helmet). To ensure accurate simulation, the grip force of the V-THUMS hand on the motorcycle handlebar was set. In this study, LS-PREPOST software was used to set up the simulation and LS-DYNA software to run simulations, output results. Parameters such as head injury criterion (HIC), cerebral Von Mises stress, cerebral MPS (maximum principal strain) and intracranial pressure are used to analyze head injuries. The results show that half-helmets play an important role in protecting and minimizing head injuries for motorcyclists. In all cases, the V-THUMS head hit the car hood during the initial impact, and the severity of head injuries increased with the velocity of the car and motorbike. At an impact angle of 00, the V-THUMS head suffered the most severe injury. This study provides comprehensive knowledge about head injuries in motorcyclists and confirms the important role of helmets in protecting motorcyclists from head injuries. Thereby, contributing to the development of injury prevention measures and protective equipment for motorcyclists.
Comparison of water bamboo qualities and quantities harvested in different growth environments from Puli area in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Chih-Chi , Lin Shu-Ning , Chen Ku-Fan , Kuo Ming-Yu , Bui Quang-Chi , Phan Nguyen Nguyet-Minh , Nguyen Huu-Khiem , Tsai Yung-Pin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As one of Taiwan’s important agricultural crops, the harvest time of water bamboos is limited by environmental conditions such as season and temperature. In order to increase the total annual harvest of white bamboo shoots and improve economic efficiency, the night light filling technology is used to shorten the harvest time of Water bamboos and promote the growth of Water bamboos.Puli, as the city with the largest area of Water bamboos planted in Taiwan, currently uses the most commonly used fill lighting fixtures for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS). This study aims to examine the differences in various quality parameters of water bamboo grown under different environmental conditions, including total plant weight, plant height, basal circumference, shoot yield ratio, moisture content, ascorbic acid content (AsA), 2,2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2′-Azinobis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging, total phenolic content, and flavonoid content. The samples of water bamboo were collected from real lands in Puli areas where water bamboos were cultivated in different season, supplementary light at night and farming practice conditions. The experimental results showed that in terms of the basic characteristics of water bamboo, there were no significant differences in plant height, basal circumference, and moisture content among water bamboos harvested under different supplementary lighting conditions and agricultural practices in the Puli area in 2022. Water bamboo yields under supplementary light irradiations at night were majorly higher than those harvested without supplementary lighting. Summer time (12.9±0.96cm/105.7±15.3g/31.1±2.85cm) got significantly higher yields than those of water bamboos harvested in Autumn (11.2±1.40cm/83.1±18.3g/29.4±2.63cm). For vitamin C content, water bamboos obtained using eco-friendly farming method (6.48±0.49mg/100g Sample) was significantly higher than that obtained by customary farming method (5.77±0.63mg/100g Sample) under the condition of no supplementary light. Under the eco-friendly farming method, terms of vitamin C contents in water bamboo obtained by LED irradiation and without supplementary light irradiation (6.92±0.81mg/100g Sample and 6.48±0.49mg/100g Sample) were significantly higher than that obtained by high-pressure sodium lamp irradiation (5.40±0.47mg/100g Sample). In terms of antioxidant properties, when comparing different harvest times in the water bamboo fields planted in Puli in 2022, water bamboo harvested in autumn exhibited significant differences in DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging efficiency compared to those harvested in spring. Water bamboos harvested in summer also got significantly higher levels of total phenolic content and flavonoid content compared to those harvested in spring.
Identification of the most useful configurations and individual elements of a hybrid undergraduate engineering laboratory through a student survey
Authors: Murphy Michael D. , O’Mahony Tom , Herbert Padraig , Graça Guilherme Carrilho da 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The adoption and utilisation of remote, asynchronous and virtual laboratories (VLs) for undergraduate education has substantially increased post COVID-19. These methods can be integrated with traditional synchronous physical laboratories (PLs) to form hybrid laboratories (HLs). HLs have been compared to other laboratory environments in previous research studies. However, no study has explored, from the students’ perspective, how useful different configurations and individual elements of a HL are for learning. Therefore, this study posed questions to determine the most useful individual elements and configurations of an undergraduate engineering HL. To answer these questions a research methodology was designed. A group of undergraduate engineering students (n = 21) in the Munster Technological University were surveyed to determine their perspectives on the individual elements and configurations of a HL they recently completed in energy modelling. The questionnaire employed multi-item psychometric scales that enabled quantitative analysis. The results showed that 85.7% of students preferred HLs, while 9.5% preferred VLs only and 4.8% preferred PLs only. 95.2% of students found VLs and their asynchronous operation useful, with screencasts of modelling found to be the most useful VL element. 76.2% and 90.5% of students found it useful to interact with their peers and teacher in the PLs, respectively. 85.7% of students thought the VLs helped them in developing an understanding of how energy models work.