bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault Location Approach for Teed Transmission Line Independent of Wave Speed
Authors: Chaoqi Cui , Yahang Cheng , Bin Liu , Su Dong , Ling An , Zhewei Diao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The uncertainty of traveling wave speed always causes big deviations to the fault location. In order to conquer the influence of traveling wave speed on transmission line fault location, a new method of fault location was presented in this paper. The method contains two main parts: the establishment of the identification matrix for the fault section and fault point location. Firstly, the arrival times of the initial fault traveling waves are used to form the identification matrix for the fault section, and the fault section can be identified according to characteristics of element in the formed identification matrix, and the matrix avoids the influence of wave speed; Secondly, a new locating algorithm without influence of wave speed was derived based on the principle of double-node traveling wave fault location. The simulation results show that the arrival time of initial fault traveling wave can be detected accurately, and then the fault section and the fault point can be located exactly by using the method proposed by this paper. And the method is unsusceptible to wave speed, fault type, transition resistance.
Economic analysis of energy storage multi-business models in the electricity market environment
Authors: Xu Zhicheng , Feng Junshu , Yan Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At present, with the continuous technical and economic improvement of the energy storage, the large-scale application of energy storage is possible. However, the current energy storage development still has the problem of insufficient business models and single energy storage income. With the continuous improvement of China’s electricity market mechanism, a flexible market environment will provide more feasible business models and market space for energy storage development. This paper simulates the charging and discharge strategy of electrochemical storage in the market environment and the income situation under the “stack value” applications. The results show that a flexible market mechanism and multi-functional applications in the market environment are beneficial to the improvement of the energy storage economy.
Stakeholder Behaviours and Grid-Source Coordinated Planning Mode under Market Circumstance
Authors: Li Nan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Under market circumstance, the power generation side is divided into several power generation companies that have autonomous right of decision-making. The competition pattern of pluralistic stakeholders brings new challenge to the power planning of power grid and source coordination. The paper systematically studies the impact of power system reform on the three sides of power source, grid and load, analyzes the decision-making behaviours of pluralistic stakeholders under market circumstance, and proposes the mode of source-grid coordinated planning.
The forward modeling for surface-borehole observation responses of polarized sphere in uniform electric field
Authors: Niu Zheng , Zhang Haibo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Surface-borehole induced polarization method is a common geophysical method in metal exploration. The forward calculation results of the borehole observation responses can provide reference and support for practical work. In particular, the forward results of spherical polarized target can be equivalent to massive ore body or karst caves and other low-resistivity anomalies. In this paper, the forward simulation of borehole induced polarization responses is carried out by using the electric dipole model equivalent spherical polarized body. The results show that the polarization degree of the excitation source at different positions is different, and the closer the proximity is, the stronger the secondary field anomaly is. Borehole observation has advantages for the identification of deep ore bodies. Under the same offset condition, the closer the distance from the borehole is, the stronger the responses will be. The results of this paper can provide reference and basis for relevant research work.
Degree of Belief Analysis and Control Method of Reliability Assessment Result of Existing Structures
Authors: Yao Jitao , Huang Bin , Liu Xiaohuan , Yan Mingdong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reliability assessment result of existing structures is analyzed on the basis of a few samples, which often has strong subjective uncertainty and will affect reliability assessment result and structural safety. In this paper, belief function is introduced to quantify the subjective uncertainty and analyze influence of different degree of belief on structural failure assessment. The calculation method of degree of belief of reliability evaluation result of existing structures and optimization model under complex multiple degree of belief environment is proposed. Furthermore, reliability degree of belief control method is proposed to remedy the defect that subjective uncertainty has not been taken into account in past control methods. It is found that calculation results of different failure probability depend on degree of belief, which affects safety assessment of existing structures. The degree of belief calculation method of reliability structure proposed in this paper quantitatively reduces the influence of subjective uncertainty and makes assessment result more accurate and scientific.
Analysisand research on the heat load forecasting of solar central heating
Authors: Zuo Chao , lu Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the decrease of traditional energy reserves and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, people pay more and more attention to the efficient and clean application of new energy[1]. In this paper, through the analysis of the historical data of a heat exchange station in a small district in Lanzhou, two prediction algorithmsof BP neural network and SVM support vector product are used to predict the heat load. The two predictionalgorithmsareusedtopredicttheheatload, and the optimal prediction algorithm is found out based on the analysis results. On this basis, the optimal prediction algorithm is used to make long-term and short-term prediction of heat load. Accurate prediction of solar energy central heating system can provide reference for the operation of solar thermal storage system, make great use of the utilization rate of solar energy in the heating system, reduce the waste of clean energy in the solar central heating system, reduce the use cycle of traditional energy and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, forecasting the heating load in advance can reduce the waste caused by the lag of hot water, reduce the energy consumption of the heating system, and enable the thermal company to provide heat according to the needs of users, reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction.
Research on design of the real-time monitoring system for full hall steel tubular scaffolds
Authors: Chen Fan , Wan Wendong , Fan Yibo , Qi Xiaohai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Full tubular scaffolds are widely used in substation engineering. However, full hall steel tubular scaffolds collapse can lead mass casualties without effective safety management. The real-time monitoring system for full hall steel tubular scaffolds can prevent collapse accidents. Aiming at the monitoring demand of full hall steel tubular scaffolds, research on design of real-time monitoring system is carried out. This paper mainly discusses system design principle, system function design and system formwork design. The function design part refines the different function permissions of users in different roles, and the framework design part analyzes the composition of the system and the way of data transmission.
The impact of pipe jacking method entrance and exit construction on the surrounding environment
Authors: Zongrun Qi , Junyan Liu , Ke Gong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect mechanism of pipe jacking on the surrounding soil disturbance during the construction of subway station pipe jacking, and uses MIDAS GTS/NX to numerically simulate the impact of pipe jacking on the surface and internal forces of the building. During the construction, the influence of the surrounding soil disturbance and the existing railway track was studied, and the law of the influence on the surrounding buildings and the ground surface during the pipe jacking construction process was analyzed and studied.
Research on Bearing Capacity of Post-grouting Super-long Bored Pile
Authors: Ma Hailong , Ma Yufei , Yao Wenhong , Chen Chi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The bearing capacity of the post-grouting super-long bored pile, calculated by the standard enhancement coefficient, is 66% larger than that of the measured. The FEM analysis shows that when the grouting radius at the pile end is 1.5 d and the permeating height of the cement slurry is 4.05 m from the pile end, the end resistance enhancement coefficient is 1.17, and the pile side average friction resistance enhancement coefficient is 1.31 within 12 m above the pile end. The calculated bearing capacity is close to the measured bearing capacity of the post-grouting pile by those enhancement coefficients. The calculation shows that: a) in the case of no grouting, the pile end reaction force is about 5.78% of the pile top load; b) in the case of grouting, when the grouting diffusion radius at the pile end is 1.5 d and the permeating height from the pile end is 4.05 m, the post-grouting pile end reaction force is about 6.78% of the pile top load; and c) after grouting, the load transmitted to the pile end cannot be significantly increased; d) using the reinforcement coefficient suggested by the Standard, the calculated bearing capacity is larger than the measured.
Seismic performance of grouted sleeve connected precast pier based on steel hysteretic model
Authors: Lei Song , Peng Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The static and quasi-static behaviors of cast-in-place pier and grouted sleeve connected precast pier are simulated by ABAQUS, which are based on the steel hysteretic constitutive model. The accuracy of the finite element simulation is verified by comparing with the existing experimental results. Then the simulation results of the two types of piers are compared and analyzed. The results show that: the seismic performance of precast pier connected with grouting sleeve is similar to that of cast-in-place pier, they both have good plastic deformation capacity. When the displacement is large, grouting sleeve connected pier has higher hysteretic energy dissipation than that of cast-in-place pier, it’s suitable in high earthquake region; The steel hysteretic model can better simulate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structure under cycle load.
Deformation monitoring and numerical simulation analysis of ultra-deep working well
Authors: Wu Xiuming , Ren Feng , Zhu Shiqi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Taking an ultra-deep working well in Jinan as the background, a three-dimensional finite element model of the excavation of the foundation pit was established using nonlinear finite element analysis software MADIS GTS/NX. The numerical simulation of the excavation process of the foundation pit, combined with the actual measured data, studied the deformation law of the envelope structure under the underground continuous wall and internal support support scheme. The results show that the three-dimensional finite element model can better consider the influence of the spatial effect of the foundation pit on the underground continuous wall and the surface deformation around the foundation pit. The calculated value and the measured value have a small gap, and the development trend is almost consistent. The optimization design and deformation control of the supporting structure of the project provide a basis and also have reference value for the design and construction of similar projects.
Optimization of Multi-stage and Multi-cluster Fracturing Technology for Horizontal Wells in Jilantai Buried Hill
Authors: Feng Hanbin , Jia Yuanzhao , Xu Zhengdong , Cao Jiefeng , Wu Gangfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Jilantai oil field is rich in reserves of metamorphic rock potential reservoirs, Some wells drilled in the early stages, recorded wells see better oil and gas display, but the oil test yield is low, so it needs fracturing to put into production. Conventional fracturing has a small range, low output and short stable production period. In order to improve the effect of reservoir reconstruction, multi-segment and multi-cluster fracturing technology for Jilantai metamorphic rock horizontal wells has been developed.. According to the well trajectory and logging interpretation results of well s1-1, we have formed a volume fracturing mode of large-scale +large displacement + low sand ratio plug-in plus sand by optimizing the staged cluster perforation scheme, fracture pattern scale and operation parameters, thus communicating more natural fractures and forming a complex fracture network system. The well is divided into 10 sections and 28 clusters of fracturing, after pressure of 49.2t daily oil, 31.49t of daily oil, the current production is stable, the effect of fracturing increase yield is remarkable. Through the successful application of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing technology in this well, a new technology of volume fracturing for metamorphic reservoir in Jilantai formed, which lays a foundation for the efficient development of this area.
Research on comprehensive treatment of historical building engineering
Authors: Li Wuhuan , Yuan Fangying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The protection and effective use of historical building projects is of great significance for improving and effectively allocating environmental resources, preserving the essence of urban culture and historical context, and enhancing the soft power and comprehensive competitiveness of the city. At present, the protection of historical buildings needs a lot of funds and folk forces. In terms of investment and financing, government capital is still the main body of investment, and social capital has not been fully mobilized. In order to protect urban buildings and environmental resources, it is necessary to integrate various funds and technologies to promote the full protection of environmental resources.
Perspectives on titanium-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Nguyen Ha L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chemistry of titanium metal–organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) encompasses the linking of various titanium-oxo clusters formed mainly by hydrolysis of titanium precursors and organic linkers. Owing to the high reactivity of such titanium precursors, the crystallites of Ti-MOFs are hardly obtained without applying tricky synthetic approaches. For the past decade, scientists have exhaustedly pursued many methodologies to overcome the synthetic challenges of Ti-MOFs. Achievements are indeed observed. However, challenges remain, which not only hinder the versatility of Ti-MOF chemistry but also limit their applications in photocatalysis. This perspective seeks to concisely summarize the Ti-MOF chemistry and discuss viewpoints of the author on how to promote the diversity of Ti-MOFs. The author hopes that future perspectives of this work will help direct the research in this field.
Using machine learning to predict concrete’s strength: learning from small datasets
Authors: Ouyang Boya , Song Yu , Li Yuhai , Wu Feishu , Yu Huizi , Wang Yongzhe , Yin Zhanyuan , Luo Xiaoshu , Sant Gaurav , Bauchy Mathieu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite previous efforts to map the proportioning of a concrete to its strength, a robust knowledge-based model enabling accurate strength predictions is still lacking. As an alternative to physical or chemical-based models, data-driven machine learning methods offer a promising pathway to address this problem. Although machine learning can infer the complex, non-linear, non-additive relationship between concrete mixture proportions and strength, large datasets are needed to robustly train such models. This is a concern as reliable concrete strength data is rather limited, especially for realistic industrial concretes. Here, based on the analysis of a fairly large dataset (>10,000 observations) of measured compressive strengths from industrial concretes, we compare the ability of three selected machine learning algorithms (polynomial regression, artificial neural network, random forest) to reliably predict concrete strength as a function of the size of the training dataset. In addition, by adopting stratified sampling, we investigate the influence of the representativeness of the training datapoints on the learning capability of the models considered herein. Based on these results, we discuss the nature of the competition between how accurate a given model can eventually be (when trained on a large dataset) and how much data is actually required to train this model.
The Effect of Fee Shifting on Litigation: Evidence from a Policy Innovation in Intermediate Cost Shifting
Authors: Helmers Christian , Lefouili Yassine , Love Brian J , McDonagh Luke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study the effect of fee shifting rules on litigation. First, we build a model to study the theoretical effect of a change in cost-recovery rules on case filings, (postfiling) settlement, win rates, and plaintiffs’ average litigation expenditures. We then undertake an empirical analysis of the introduction of an intermediate cost shifting rule that falls between the English and American Rules: a reform that limits the size of fee awards to successful litigants in cases decided by the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC), one of two venues where IP cases may be filed in England and Wales. Our empirical analysis takes advantage of heterogeneity among case types and compares IPEC cases with intellectual property cases litigated at the PHC of England and Wales, which was not subject to this reform. We find that patent case filings increased following the IPEC’s shift from a pure English Rule to a rule that caps costs awards. Consistent with our model’s predictions, we also find evidence that smaller plaintiffs both won less often and settled more often postreform, as well as evidence that larger plaintiffs spent less on litigation postreform.
Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis: time for a re-assessment
Authors: Grootaert Mandy O J , Bennett Martin R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early and late-stage atherosclerosis. VSMCs invade the early atherosclerotic lesion from the media, expanding lesions, but also forming a protective fibrous cap rich in extracellular matrix to cover the ‘necrotic’ core. Hence, VSMCs have been viewed as plaque-stabilizing, and decreased VSMC plaque content—often measured by expression of contractile markers—associated with increased plaque vulnerability. However, the emergence of lineage-tracing and transcriptomic studies has demonstrated that VSMCs comprise a much larger proportion of atherosclerotic plaques than originally thought, demonstrate multiple different phenotypes in vivo, and have roles that might be detrimental. VSMCs down-regulate contractile markers during atherosclerosis whilst adopting alternative phenotypes, including macrophage-like, foam cell-like, osteochondrogenic-like, myofibroblast-like, and mesenchymal stem cell-like. VSMC phenotypic switching can be studied in tissue culture, but also now in the media, fibrous cap and deep-core region, and markedly affects plaque formation and markers of stability. In this review, we describe the different VSMC plaque phenotypes and their presumed cellular and paracrine functions, the regulatory mechanisms that control VSMC plasticity, and their impact on atherogenesis and plaque stability.
Disability Disadvantage: Experimental Evidence of Hiring Discrimination against Wheelchair Users
Authors: Bjørnshagen Vegar , Ugreninov Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Disability is associated with persistent labour market disadvantages. What is not clear is the extent to which these disadvantages result from employers’ discriminatory hiring decisions. Although observational research and laboratory experiments provide indicative evidence of its existence, few studies have used randomized field experiments such as correspondence studies to investigate the occurrence of disability discrimination. This article extends current knowledge by presenting the results of a correspondence study used to measure discrimination against wheelchair users in a new context: the Norwegian labour market. In the experiment, 1,200 fictitious applications with randomly assigned information about the applicants’ disability status were sent in pairs to 600 private sector employers with job openings. The experiment documents negative effects of disability on callbacks from employers across various occupations. The findings suggest that discrimination in hiring processes is a mechanism through which disability-related inequality in employment outcomes is perpetuated.
Abnormal pattern of left atrial activation and asynchronous conduction predicted the occurrence of new atrial fibrillation: evidences for Bachmann’s bundle block in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology
Authors: Seewöster Timm , Marinov Kaloyan , Löbe Susanne , Knopp Helge , Nedios Sotirios , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Dinov Borislav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Evidences suggest that recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with left atrial (LA) remodelling. The goal of this study is to establish a method for assessment of LA remodelling and find predictors for the development of AF.

Methods and results
This prospective study included patients without a history of AF who were evaluated using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI). P-wave onset to A′-wave (PA′ interval) was measured at the septal, lateral, anterior, and inferior mitral annulus. Abnormal LA activation pattern was defined as an upward LA activation over the coronary sinus and delayed activation anterior. Left atrial asynchrony was measured as (i) the difference between the septal and lateral PA′ interval (DLS) and (ii) the standard deviation of all four PA′ intervals (SD4-PA′). The follow-up for AF recurrence (AF+) was based on symptoms and 7-day Holter electrocardiograms. Ninety-eight patients (mean age 58 ± 15 years, 47% female) were included. During a follow-up of 28 ± 9 months, AF was documented in 10%. More pronounced LA asynchrony was observed in AF+ group: DLS (AF+) 39 ± 16 vs. DLS (AF−) 20 ± 11 ms; P &lt; 0.001, and SD4-PA′ (AF+) 18.6 ± 6.4 vs. SD4-PA′ (AF−) 11.7 ± 4.2 ms; P &lt; 0.001. Abnormal LA activation was frequently observed in AF+ patients: 60% vs. 27%; P = 0.033. Electrocardiogram sign of Bachmann’s bundle block (BBB) was associated with prolongation of SD4-PA′: SD4-PA′ (BBB+) vs. SD4-PA′ (BBB−) = 18 ± 6 vs. 13 ± 4.5 ms; P = 0.007.

Conclusions
More pronounced LA asynchrony and abnormal LA activation pattern were associated with new-onset AF.