bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Harvesting Time, Curing and Storage Methods on Storability of Garlic Bulbs
Authors: Desta Bizuayehu , Woldetsadik Kebede , M. Ali Wassu 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Farmers are forced to store garlic bulbs for a long period due to occasional excess production or to save bulb seeds for next season planting, but the bulbs often lose their viability and vigour due to sprouting ahead of planting time.

Objective:
The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of three harvest stages (60, 80, and 100% top fall), two curing levels (non-cured and cured bulbs), and three storage methods (floor, shelf, and net bag) on storability of garlic variety ‘Tseday’ at Haramaya University, and Tony farm (Dire Dawa) during 2014-15.

Methods:
The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at both sites.

Results:
Significant variations in the storability of bulbs were evident due to harvest stages, curing, and storage methods. Harvesting of garlic bulbs at 100% top fall considerably increased bulb yield by about 16.74% and 8.75% compared to 60 and 80% top fall, respectively. Cured bulbs showed lower fresh bulb yield as compared to non-cured bulbs. Harvesting at 80% top fall, curing and storing bulbs on a shelf or in a net bag showed reduced weight and diameter loss of bulbs as compared to the other treatments. Bulbs harvested at 80% top fall and cured had significantly higher dry matter content than the rest. The highest sprouting percentage was recorded for 60% top fall harvested and non-cured bulbs, while the least was observed in 80% top fall harvested and cured bulbs.

Conclusion:
The result of this study has shown that harvesting at 80% top fall, curing, and storing bulbs on a shelf or in a net bag leads to a good yield and postharvest quality and effective storability of garlic bulbs under ambient storage conditions.
Gene Polymorphism of XRCC1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Abdelsalam Mostafa , Bassiouni Sherine A. R. A. K , Osman Asmaa 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
There are debates about the role of the X-ray repair cross-complementation group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln gene in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods:
The study was a case-control study carried out on 100 recently diagnosed SLE patients compared to 100 control subjects. The study of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was performed by a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results and Discussion:
A higher frequency of ‘G’ allele in SLE (38.5%) versus control (32%) was noticed; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.174). Besides, a slightly higher frequency of G/G genotype was found in SLE (22%) vs. control (12%); again, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.157). A statistically significantly higher proportion of arthritis, serositis, and thrombocytopenia was observed in the A/A genotype (p = 0.010, 0.032, and 0.036, respectively). Furthermore, we noticed a statistically significant lower hemoglobin level in G/G genotype (p = 0.027). Otherwise, there was no statistically significant difference between the three genotypes regarding other parameters: photosensitivity, malar rash, oral ulceration, ANA, anti-dsDNA antibody, anemia, leucopenia, neurologic manifestations, and all lab parameters except hemoglobin level. Similar results were reported previously.
According to genotype, in the study of Clinical and laboratory parameters in SLE patients, a statistically significantly higher proportion of arthritis, serositis, and thrombocytopenia was observed in the A/A genotype (p =0 .01, 0.032, and 0.036 respectively). Furthermore, we noticed a statistically significant lower hemoglobin level in G/G genotype (p = 0.027). These findings suggest a pathogenic connection between the seriousness of the defective DNA repair and the autoimmune severity; such connection is consistent with that found in several murine models. Additionally, negative regulation of the genes encoding the proteins involved in the NER pathway in SLE patients, specifically and XPC, has been found previously.

Conclusion:
The present study highlights the higher insignificant increase of G allele and GG genotype of XRCC1 399 gene in patients with SLE compared to healthy control. This increase was significantly associated with anemia in patients, which may reflect the aggravation of environmental risk factors to SLE associated with the reduced repair of DNA. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate the present findings.
Performance, Phyto-nutritional and Bio-active substances of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) in response to Soil Applied Organic and Inorganic Sources of N Fertilizers
Authors: Aboyeji Christopher M. , Dunsin Oluwagbenga , Ajayi Opeyemi A. , Agbaje Gideon O. , Adekiya Aruna O. , Adebiyi Ojo T. Vincent , Olayanju Adeniyi T. , Olofintoye Temidayo A. J. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Soil health is an important factor for producing a higher yield and obtaining good quality products. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most important and valuable agricultural inputs for increasing crop production.

Objective:
Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in the cropping seasons to determine the performance and nutritional qualities of sweet pepper in response to organic and inorganic sources of N fertilizers.

Methods:
Ten kilograms (10 kg) capacity black polythene bags were filled with topsoil and were arranged randomly on the field. Treatment combination included: - 0 NPK + 0 PM (T1), 40 NPK + 0 PM (T2), 32 NPK + 8 PM (T3), 24 NPK + 16 PM (T4), 0 NPK + 40 PM (T5), 8 NPK + 32 PM (T6), 16 NPK + 24 PM (T7) and 20 NPK + 20 PM (T8). Experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design and were replicated four times. Vegetative, flowering, and quality parameters were collected and analyzed using the GenStat Discovery, 2014 statistical analysis software. Separation of means was determined by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a probability level of 5%.

Results:
Results indicated that high rates of an organic source of N fertilizer produced higher values for vegetative and yield parameters, which was similar to the sole application of inorganic fertilizer. There was no significant effect of the sole application and combined organic and inorganic sources of N fertilizer on heavy metals and nitrates accumulation, but their effects were able to increase the values for nitrites above the recommended limits as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that 20 NPK + 20 PM is the best treatment without any health implications in the study area, which also improved the yield and, therefore, can be considered economical.
The Egyptian Validation Study of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and its Utility in Predicting Depression
Authors: Khalaf Mustafa A. , Al-Said Taghreed T. 
Published: May 2021

Aims:
The present study aims at validating the RSA and examining its incremental validity as a predictor of depression as measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Methods:
150 healthy participants completed the RSA, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After ensuring the psychometric properties of the RSA, SOC, and BDI, 220 Egyptian students were recruited from Minia University to fill in the RSA and BDI in order to assess the potential capacity of the RSA to predict depression.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor structure model fitted well and the goodness of fit indices were within the acceptable limits. Construct validity was shown by a positive correlation between the RSA and the SOC, and a negative correlation with the BDI. The RSA and its subscales significantly predicted the BDI even when accounting for age and gender.

Conclusion:
The RSA is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring resilience in the Egyptian sample and it could be useful for measurement and intervention. The findings highlight the incremental validity of the RSA as a good predictor of depression.
Health Expenditure Difference according to Individual Copayment in National Health Insurance System
Authors: Kim Ki C. , Kwon Soon C. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
South Korea adopt a mandatory national health care system covering all citizens and consisting of the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) and Medical Aid Program (MAP), which cover individuals of non-low and low Socioeconomic Status (SES), respectively.

Objective:
We investigated and compared the medical expenses per claim in South Korea for SES individuals, to predict health care expenditure and provide fundamental data regarding care for individuals with limited finances.

Methods:
The inpatient data on NHIS and MAP beneficiaries were derived from the National Health Insurance Statistical Annual Report of South Korea from 2011 to 2015. Medical expenses per claim for the NHIS and MAP were investigated by gender and age, and the ratio of expenses per claim under MAP to that under NHIS was calculated.

Results:
The ratio from 2011 to 2015 was consistently larger than 1 and increased at an inconsistent rate with each consecutive age group until 30-39 years, and decreased thereafter (Males: 1.09-3.47, Females: 1.07-1.95).

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that higher medical expenditures and longer durations of claim in the low SES group may become obstacles to developing a sustainable health care system. The government should induce social activities of working-age low-SES people to reduce the burden on the government and help them lead a healthy life.
Using Electronic Health Records to Mitigate Workplace Burnout Among Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Field Study in Iran
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan , Mirzaei Tala 
Published: May 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide in 2020. Notably, in the countries dealing with massive casualties, clinicians have worked in new conditions characterized by a heavy workload and a high risk of being infected. The issue of clinician burnout during the pandemic has attracted considerable attention in health care research. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide health care workers with several features to meet a health system’s clinical needs.

Objective
We aim to examine how the use of EHR features affects the burnout of clinicians working in hospitals that have special wards for confirmed COVID-19 cases.

Methods
Using an online survey, we collected data from 368 physicians, physician assistants, and nurses working in six hospitals that have implemented EHRs in the city of Tehran in Iran. We used logistic regression to assess the association between burnout and awareness of EHR features, EHR system usability, concerns about COVID-19, technology solutions, hospital technology interventions, hospital preparedness, and professional efficacy adjusted for demographic and practice characteristics.

Results
The primary outcome of our study was self-reported burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 368 respondents, 36% (n=134) reported having at least one symptom of burnout. Participants indicated that the leading cause of EHR-related stress is inadequate training for using technology (n=159, 43%), followed by having less face-to-face time with patients (n=140, 38%). Positive perceptions about the EHR’s ease of use were associated with lower odds of burnout symptoms. More interventions, such as clear communication of regulations; transparency in policies, expectations, and goals regarding the use of technology in the clinical workflow; and hospital preparedness to cope with the challenges of the pandemic, were associated with lower odds of burnout.

Conclusions
The use of EHR applications, hospital pandemic preparation programs, and transparent technology-related policies and procedures throughout the epidemic can be substantial mitigators of technology-based stress and clinician burnout. Hospitals will then be better positioned to devise or modify technology-related policies and procedures to support physicians’ and nurses’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training programs, transparency in communications of regulations, and developing a clear channel for informing clinicians of changes in policies may help reduce burnout symptoms among physicians and nurses during a pandemic. Providing easily accessible mentorship through teleconsultation and 24-hour available information technology support may also help to mitigate the odds of burnout.
Access to medicines in the Brazilian Unified Health System’s primary health care: assessment of a public policy
Authors: Barbosa Mariana M , Moreira Thais A , Nascimento Renata CRM , Nascimento Mariana MG , Acurcio Francisco A , Godman Brian , Guerra Augusto A , Alvares-Teodoro Juliana 
Published: May 2021

In 2008, the Programa Rede Farmácia de Minas (RFM, literally translated: ‘Minas Gerais Pharmacy Network’ program) was created as a strategy to expand access to medicines.
Aim:
Measure access to medicines in public pharmacies through comparison between municipalities that joined or not the RFM.
Materials & methods:
Cross-sectional, evaluative study, gathering information from a representative sample of the municipalities in Minas Gerais between July 2014 and May 2015. The Poisson regression results were obtained by calculating the prevalence ratios.
Results:
Adequate access to medicines in Minas Gerais was 69.9%, being 75.8% in municipalities with and 69.2% without the RFM. The municipalities with the RFM showed statistically higher percentages in the Availability, Adequacy/Accommodation, and Acceptability dimensions.
Conclusion:
RFM appears an efficient strategy for promoting access to medicines.
On the theoretically predicted flux profiles over polar caps and their comparison with observations
Authors: Gall Ruth , Bravo Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Se propone un método para construir perfiles latitudinales teóricos del flujo de protones solares sobre los casquetes polares. El método se basa en funciones de transferencia del medio interplanetario a los detectores a bordo de satélites polares y en la información obtenida de la simulación de trayectorias en modelos magnetosféricos de protones de 2 a 500 MeV. En el método se ha tornado en cuenta la dependencia del perfil latitudinal con el tiempo local de observación, con la época del año y con los cambios en la topología magnetosférica debida a perturbaciones. Asimismo, se ha considerado todo el espectro de energías que registra el detector en vez de la energía media. La comparación de perfiles teóricos con los observados permite un análisis más riguroso que el basado en métodos previamente usados y permite una identificación más detallada de las regiones de penetración, así como la interpretación de la estructura fina de los perfiles observados. Los perfiles teóricos construidos para canales de energías más altas, para la fase anisotrópica de los eventos solares de febrero 25, 1968 y de noviembre 18 de 1969, concuerda satisfactoriamente con las observaciones y con nuestro modelo de iluminación desigual. Este acuerdo conduce a postular un mecanismo que opera en la región fronteriza de la cola magnetosférica que hace girar las partículas incidentes hacia la Tierra. La comparación entre los perfiles teóricos y los observados, para bajas energías, muestra la influencia de fuertes mecanismos de modulación. El método, aplicado a un gran número de observaciones seleccionadas y realizadas en diferentes canales de energía, permite mejorar la sensibilidad de la técnica que emplea los protones solares como trazadores de la topología de la cavidad geomagnética y su región fronteriza.
Peculiarities of the solar wind interaction with the upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars
Authors: Breus T. K. 
Published: May 2021

Mediciones de plasma y de campos magnéticos en Venus y Marte así como observaciones de radio ocultamiento de satélites por sus atmósferas y ionosferas superiores revelan algunas diferencias y semejanzas en la configuración del flujo del viento solar alrededor de estos planetas. Ambos planetas tienen campos magnéticos muy débiles comparados con el de la Tierra y sus ionosferas están caracterizadas por un máximo de densidad electrónica similar. Sin embargo, la ionosfera Marciana está más protegida de la acción directa del viento solar que la de Venus y algunas propiedades de la ionosfera superior Marciana se asemejan a las de la ionosfera superior de la Tierra. Se concluye que la ionosfera de Venus y el campo magnético inducido (el campo magnético del viento solar acumulado alrededor de la ionosfera del planeta) son elementos decisivos para la formación del obstáculo efectivo en Venus. En Marte, el campo magnético intrínseco domina y juega un papel importante en la formación del obstáculo y en la desaceleración del viento solar.
Modelo de fricción interna de las ondas de Cizalla para las placas Nazca-Cocos
Authors: Canas J. A. , Correig M. 
Published: May 2021

Métodos modernos de inversión en su forma estocástica se han aplicado a un conjunto de coeficientes de atenuación de las ondas de Rayleigh correspondientes a las placas Nazca-Cocos, para obtener modelos de fricción interna de las ondas de Cizalla, Q-1β para dicha zona Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que en el manta superior bajo dichas placas existe una zona en la que los valores de Q-1β son extremadamente altos (~19 x 10-3), Los límites inferiores de la Litosfera y Astenosfera bajo dicha zona se hallan situados aproximadamente a los 40 km y 200 km respectivamente. La comparación de los resultados de este estudio con los resultados correspondientes a una región (0-50 m. a.) de la placa oceánica del Pacifico indica que cuanto más moderna es la región bajo estudio más altos son los valores de la fricción interna y viceversa. Asimismo, los datos disponibles nos sugieren que aparentemente el espesor de dicha zona (Astenosfera) es menor cuanto más antigua es la Litosfera. Estos resultados apoyan un estudio previo de fricción interna de las ondas de cizalla de la placa del Pacifico.
Profiles and Characteristics of Balinese Cattle Breeders In The Covid-19 Era In The Village of Ayunan Badung, Bali
Authors: Ni Made Ayu Gemuh Rasa Astiti  , Ni Ketut Madewi  , Ni Ketut Sri Rukmini  
Published: May 2021

They researched the profiles and characteristics of Bali Cattle Farmers in the Covid-19 Era in the Village of Ayunan Badung Bali to know the characteristics and profiles of Balinese cattle breeders in Ayunan Village during the Covid-19 pandemic. The methods used are survey methods using primary data and secondary data. Sampling is carried out by purposive sampling questionnaire on 40 Balinese cattle breeders in the village of Ayunan and have experience raising cattle for more than three years. The study results were 77.5% of respondent breeders were in the productive age range, and 22.5% were in the age range above 64 years. Young and fertile breeders generally have a high education level, so they tend to adopt innovations and technologies more quickly. The experience of raising respondents for 21 years to 30 years is as much (35%). Long enough farming experience indicates that the respondent breeders have adequate knowledge and skills in cattle raising.
Respondents' education is 2.5% not having a formal education, 25% having an elementary education, 12.5% having a junior high school education and 50% having a high school education, and 10% having tertiary education. Farmers' education level tends to influence their thinking power and acceptance of innovations and technologies. The average number of respondents' livestock ownership is 2.6 heads, caused by several factors, including the limited forage or 20% of feed, due to the determinate business capital factor 42.5% and cultivated as a side business of 37.5%. The majority of respondent breeders have their primary job as farmers/farm laborers 60%, only 5% of respondent breeders have the main job as breeders. In comparison, 35% of respondents have jobs as retirees, construction workers, laborers, agricultural extension workers, and traders. In general, cattle breeders in Bali raising cattle is a part-time job.
Conclusions, profiles, and characteristics of Balinese cattle breeders in Ayunan Village, seen from the age of the breeders, have the highest percentage (62.5%) at the age of 51-64 and are classified as productive. 35% experience in farming (21-30) years, most of the education level is high school graduates (50%), average livestock ownership is 2.66 tails, the low number of livestock ownership is due to business capital 42.5% and the main occupation of respondents is 60% the farmer
Persepsi Pasien Penyakit Kronis Terhadap Kualitas Dan Kepuasan Pelayanan Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pemberlakuan BPJS Di Unit Rawat Jalan RSH Blitar
Authors: Fitriasari Nikma , Nursanti Fajar Juli , Siswanto Siswanto 
Published: May 2021

All hospitals in Indonesia are required to serve BPJS patients with quality services. Service quality consists of five dimensions:tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Quality service increases service satisfaction. Conditions at RSH Blitar showed an increase in outpatient visits by 79.4% after the application of BPJS. This case may lead to changes in service quality. This study identifies the differences in patient perceptions of service quality and satisfaction before and after the application of BPJS. This study applies observational analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was from Blitar Hospital Outpatient Unit in April-June 2018. The sample was 66 patients. The Wilcoxon Paired Test indicated a significant difference in perception of service quality and satisfaction before and after the issue of BPJS in outpatients BPJS with chronic illness at RSH Blitar.
Abstrak
Seluruh rumah sakit di Indonesia wajib melayani pasien BPJS dengan pelayanan yang berkualitas. Kualitas pelayanan dapat dilihat dari lima dimensi, yaitu tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan emphaty. Pada dasarnya, pelayanan yang berkualitas meningkatkan kepuasan pelayanan. Kondisi di RSH Blitar menunjukkan peningkatan kunjungan rawat jalan sebesar 79,4% setelah bekerjasama dengan BPJS. Peningkatan kunjungan ini dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada kualitas pelayanan. Studi ini mengkaji lebih lanjut perbedaan persepsi pasien terhadap kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukan BPJS. Studi ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan RSH Blitar pada bulan April-Juni tahun 2018. Jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 66 pasien. Hasil Uji Paired Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara persepsi dengan kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelayanan sebelum dan sesudah pemberlakuan BPJS pada pasien rawat jalan BPJS dengan penyakit kronis di RSH Blitar.