bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental effects of long-term elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function in rats
Authors: Tian Tian , Liu Xi-run , Li Ting-ting , Nie Zhi-chao , Li Shuang-jing , Tang Yan , Gu Cong-wei , Xu Wang-dong , Jia Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUric acid is a powerful antioxidant. However, its elevated levels in association with cardiovascular diseases predispose individuals to cognitive impairment. Uric acid’s effects on cognition may be related to its concentration and exposure period. We aimed to explore the effects of long-term elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function and hippocampus. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: NC, M1, M2 and M3 groups. Hyperuricemia was established in rats at week 6 and maintained until week 48 in groups M1, M2 and M3. The rats’ spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris Water Maze test at weeks 0, 6, 16, 32, and 48. After week 48, we observed pathological changes in right hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, and measured levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and β-amyloid peptide of left hippocampus. Starting from week 6, the serum uric acid level of M3 group > M2 group, the serum uric acid level of M2 group > M1 group, and the serum uric acid level of M1 group > NC group. The rats in M3 and M2 groups had longer escape latencies, longer mean distances to the platform, more extensive pathological damage, stronger inflammation response, higher oxidative stress and β-amyloid peptide levels than those in NC group. No significant differences were observed between M1 and NC groups. In addition, we also found that oxidative stress significantly correlated with tumour necrosis factor-α and β-amyloid peptide. Long-term elevated serum uric acid was significantly associated with cognitive impairment risk. Oxidative stress, tumour necrosis factor-α and β-amyloid peptide may mediate the pathogenesis of the cognitive impairment induced by uric acid. The detrimental effect of elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function was probably expressed when the serum uric acid concentration reached a certain level.
Location of ischemia and ischemic pain intensity affect spatiotemporal parameters and leg muscles activity during walking in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: Guilleron Céline , Abraham Pierre , Beaune Bruno , Pouliquen Camille , Henni Samir , Durand Sylvain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ways in which locations of ischemia and ischemic pain affect spatiotemporal gait parameters and leg electromyographic activity during walking have never been investigated in patients with peripheral arterial disease presenting intermittent claudication. Two groups were classified according to unilateral location of ischemia (distal, n = 10, or proximo-distal, n = 12). Patients described pain and three gait phases—initial pain-free, onset of pain and maximum pain—were analyzed. Patients with proximo-distal ischemia walked less (230 ± 111 m vs 384 ± 220 m), with increased step length, step time (+ 5.4% and + 5.8%) and reduced cadence (− 8.2%), than patients with distal ischemia. In both, the peaks of vertical ground reaction force were reduced in maximum pain (Peak1-distal: − 11.4%, Peak1-proximo-distal: − 10.3%; Peak2-distal: − 11.8%, Peak2-proximo-distal: − 9.0%). In the proximo-distal group, tibialis anterior activation peak and time were lower than in the distal group (− 4.5% and − 19.7%). During the maximum pain phase, this peak decreased only in the proximo-distal group (− 13.0%), and gastrocnemius medialis activation peak and time decreased in both groups (− 2.5% in distal and − 4.5% in proximo-distal). Thus, proximo-distal ischemia leads to more adverse consequences in gait than distal ischemia only. Increasing ischemic pain until maximum, but not onset of pain, induced gait adaptations.
Classification algorithm for congenital Zika Syndrome: characterizations, diagnosis and validation
Authors: Veiga Rafael V. , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia , França Giovanny V. A. , Andrade Roberto F. S. , Teixeira Maria Glória , Costa Larissa C. , Paixão Enny S. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Barreto Maurício L. , Oliveira Juliane F. , Oliveira Wanderson K. , Cardim Luciana L. , Rodrigues Moreno S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZika virus was responsible for the microcephaly epidemic in Brazil which began in October 2015 and brought great challenges to the scientific community and health professionals in terms of diagnosis and classification. Due to the difficulties in correctly identifying Zika cases, it is necessary to develop an automatic procedure to classify the probability of a CZS case from the clinical data. This work presents a machine learning algorithm capable of achieving this from structured and unstructured available data. The proposed algorithm reached 83% accuracy with textual information in medical records and image reports and 76% accuracy in classifying data without textual information. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has the potential to classify CZS cases in order to clarify the real effects of this epidemic, as well as to contribute to health surveillance in monitoring possible future epidemics.
The exon junction complex core factor eIF4A3 is a key regulator of HPV16 gene expression
Authors: Meznad Koceila , Paget-Bailly Philippe , Jacquin Elise , Peigney Anne , Aubin François , Guittaut Michaël , Mougin Christiane , Prétet Jean-Luc , Baguet Aurélie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPVs), particularly HPV16 and HPV18, are the etiologic factors of ano-genital cancers and some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, controlled at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, drive hrHPVs-induced carcinogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the implication of the DEAD-box helicase eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3,) an Exon Junction Complex factor, in the regulation of HPV16 gene expression. Our data revealed that the depletion of the factor eIF4A3 up-regulated E7 oncoprotein levels. We also showed that the inhibition of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway, resulted in the up-regulation of E7 at both RNA and protein levels. We therefore proposed that HPV16 transcripts might present different susceptibilities to NMD and that this pathway could play a key role in the levels of expression of these viral oncoproteins during the development of HPV-related cancers.
Stability of Speech Intelligibility Measures Over Repeated Sampling Times in Speakers With Acquired Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Vitti Emilia , Mauszycki Shannon , Bunker Lisa , Wambaugh Julie 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to measure the test–retest stability of single-word intelligibility in a group of 28 speakers with chronic apraxia of speech and aphasia.MethodThe Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech was administered twice to each participant, with samples separated by 1 week. Scoring of recorded samples was completed independently by three expert listeners using transcription and multiple-choice scoring formats.ResultsPercent intelligible words was very similar for the group over the two sampling times for both scoring formats (i.e., within 1.5%), with no statistically significant differences found between times. Statistically significant, very strong, positive correlations were found between sampling times for intelligibility scores. Transcription and multiple-choice scores were strongly, positively correlated, with multiple-choice scores being statistically higher. There was a statistically significant difference between mean transcription and multiple-choice scores for the group at Time 1 and Time 2. Individual performance was similar to group performance for the majority of participants.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that single-word intelligibility measures are stable over repeated sampling occasions. Stability was evident for transcription and multiple-choice scoring methods.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14226737
Quadrature differential output six‐port rat‐race coupler
Authors: Harada Michihiro , Hayashi Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis letter describes a design method for a six‐port rat race circuit to obtain quadrature differential waveforms from a single end. The proposed six‐port rat‐race coupler succeeded in low insertion loss and wide bandwidth by using a 1/2 wavelength transmission line and an open stub. Over the frequency range from 0.89 to 1.05 GHz, a prototype 0.96‐GHz‐band six‐port rat‐race coupler was confirmed to have a transmission loss of 7.03  ±  0.45 dB, a reflection loss and isolation of 15 dB or more, and a phase error of within ± 3.3 ○.
Comprehensive practical evaluation of wired and wireless internet base smart grid communication
Authors: Zeinali Mehdi , Thompson John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInternet‐based communications is a key solution for enabling low‐cost and scalable communication infrastructure for different applications of the smart grid. However, the performance of this network needs to be evaluated practically in the context of smart grid applications based on key metrics such as latency and reliability. This article is a comprehensive evaluation of the United Kingdom Internet network characteristics which will allow the smart grid systems designer to consider the essential parameters for communication applications. This article will focus not only on three smart grid applications, but also the outcome of this research which is relevant to a wider range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Different combinations of off‐the‐shelf wired and wireless last‐mile communication technologies are evaluated using real‐world transport protocols such as the Transport Control Protocol (TCP)and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The performance of TCP/UDP has been tested in a realistic client‐server communication test‐bed. The results from extensive evaluations show that typical latency values are between 200 and 600 ms for data packets and 50 bytes and kbytes for short control packets. Moreover by applying data compression techniques ,the results can be improved about 5%–20% for different last mile communications.
The Potential Application of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Diseases
Authors: Cheng Zhengqi , Li Yue , Zhu Xue , Wang Ke , Ali Youmna , Shu Wenying , Zhang Ting , Zhu Ling , Murray Michael , Zhou Fanfan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRetinal diseases are a leading cause of impaired vision and blindness but some lack effective treatments. New therapies are required urgently to better manage retinal diseases. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives have a wide range of activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and antiangiogenic properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids have great potential in preventing and/or treating retinal pathologies. The pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids are often mediated through the modulation of signalling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, high-mobility group box protein 1, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo evidence for the pharmacological potential of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases. The
present literature supports the further development of pentacyclic triterpenoids. Future research should now attempt to improve the efficacy and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the agents, possibly by the use of medicinal chemistry and targeted drug delivery strategies.
Comparison of Self-Expanding RDV Perceval S versus TAVI ACURATE neo/TF
Authors: Mauri Victor , Gerfer Stephen , Kuhn Elmar , Adam Matti , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Djordjevic Ilija , Ivanov Borko , Gaisendrees Christopher , Frerker Christian , Schmidt Tobias , Mader Navid , Rudolph Tanja , Baldus Stephan , Liakopoulos Oliver , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Rapid deployment aortic valve replacement (RDAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have emerged as increasingly used alternatives to conventional aortic valve replacement to treat patients at higher surgical risk. Therefore, in this single-center study, we retrospectively compared clinical outcomes and hemodynamic performance of two self-expanding biological prostheses, the sutureless and rapid deployment valve (RDV) Perceval-S (PER) and the transcatheter heart valve (THV) ACURATE neo/TF (NEO) in a 1:1 propensity-score-matching (PSM) patient cohort.
Methods A total of 332 consecutive patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis underwent either singular RDAVR with PER (119) or TAVI with NEO (213) at our institutions between 2012 and 2017. To compare the unequal patient groups, a 1:1 PSM for preoperative data and comorbidities was conducted. Afterward, 59 patient pairs were compared with regard to relevant hemodynamic parameter, relevant paravalvular leak (PVL), permanent postoperative pacemaker (PPM) implantation rate, and clinical postoperative outcomes.
Results Postoperative clinical short-term outcomes presented with slightly higher rates for 30-day all-cause mortality (PER = 5.1% vs. NEO = 1.7%, p = 0.619) and major adverse cardiocerebral event in PER due to cerebrovascular events (transient ischemic attack [TIA]-PER = 3.4% vs. TIA-NEO = 1.7%, p = 0.496 and Stroke-PER = 1.7% vs. Stroke-NEO = 0.0%, p = 1). Moreover, we show comparable PPM rates (PER = 10.2% vs. NEO = 8.5%, p = 0.752). However, higher numbers of PVL (mild—PER = 0.0% vs. NEO = 55.9%, p = 0.001; moderate or higher—PER = 0.0% vs. NEO = 6.8%, p = 0.119) after TAVI with NEO were observed.
Conclusion Both self-expanding bioprostheses, the RDV-PER and THV-NEO provide a feasible option in elderly and patients with elevated perioperative risk. However, the discussed PER collective showed more postoperative short-term complications with regard to 30-day all-cause mortality and cerebrovascular events, whereas the NEO showed higher rates of PVL.
Researching Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Pacheco Mila Palma , Fortes Flora Maria Lorenzo , Santos Raquel Rocha dos , Silva Genoile Oliveira Santana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to identify interventions that improve adherence to medications in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The literature search was carried out between April and June 2020 in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, with the combination of MeSH terms medication adherence; intervention; ulcerative colitis; and inflammatory bowel disease. We restricted our search to articles published in English and Portuguese between March 2010 and March 2020. After the selection, recovery of full-text articles and analysis of the defined criteria, the interventions described in the studies were classified into four domains: educational; behavioral, cognitive behavioral, and multicomponent. In total, six clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Half of the studies (3; 50%) used multicomponent interventions, 2 (33.3%) focused on behavioral interventions, and 1 (16.7%) applied isolated educational interventions. All studies used indirect methods to measure adherence, with an emphasis on scales and questionnaires. Half of the studies (3; 50%) showed a positive impact on adherence in patients with UC, with evidence that multicomponent interventions, when properly implemented in a clinical trial combining direct and indirect methods to measure medication adherence, appear to increase the chances of better results. We believe that future studies focusing on improving adherence in patients with UC are necessary.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels are Associated with Brain Lesion and Persistent Venous Occlusion in Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Pereira-Santos Maria Conceição , Serra-Caetano Ana , Neto Lia Lucas , Sousa Ana Luísa , Gabriel Denis , Correia Manuel , Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Oliveira Renato , Penas Sara , Carvalho Dias Mariana , Correia Manuel A. , Carvalho Marta , Sousa Ana E. , Canhão Patrícia , Ferro José M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Elucidating mechanisms of brain damage in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) would be instrumental to develop targeted therapies and improve prognosis prediction. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a gelatinase that degrades major components of the basal lamina, has been associated to blood–brain barrier disruption. We aimed to assess, in patients with CVT, the temporal change in serum concentrations of MMP-9 and its association with key imaging and clinical outcomes.
Methods Pathophysiology of Venous Infarction—PRediction of InfarctiOn and RecanalIzaTion in CVT (PRIORITy-CVT) was a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed CVT. Serial collection of peripheral blood samples performed on day 1, 3, and 8, and standardized magnetic resonance imaging on day 1, 8, and 90. MMP-9 was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 59 patients and 22 healthy controls. Primary outcomes were parenchymal brain lesion, early evolution of brain lesion, early recanalization, and functional outcome on day 90.
Results CVT patients with parenchymal brain lesion had higher baseline concentrations of MMP-9 compared with controls (adjusted p = 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve value for MMP-9 for predicting brain lesion was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.85, p = 0.009). Patients with venous recanalization showed early decline of circulating MMP-9 and significantly lower levels on day 8 (p = 0.021). Higher MMP-9 on day 8 was associated with persistent venous occlusion (odds ratio: 1.20 [per 20 ng/mL], 95% CI: 1.02–1.43, p = 0.030).
Conclusion We report a novel relationship among MMP-9, parenchymal brain damage, and early venous recanalization, suggesting that circulating MMP-9 is a dynamic marker of brain tissue damage in patients with CVT.
Development of a tunable multi-channel Doppler reflectometer on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Ren X. H. , Yang Z. J. , Shi Z. B. , Yang Z. C. , Zha X. Q. , Gao Y. , Zhang Z. C. 
Published: March 2021

Doppler reflectometer is a powerful diagnostic tool to study the turbulence for tokamak plasmas. It can provide information on the density fluctuation, the poloidal rotation, the radial electric field, its shear, etc. A tunable multi-channel V-band (50–75 GHz) Doppler reflectometer system has been developed on the J-TEXT tokamak for the measurement under various toroidal magnetic fields. A universal serial bus controlled synthesizer is used as a source that can adjust the probing frequency remotely. This Doppler reflectometer can measure the plasma in 0.3 &lt; ρ &lt; 1 . Its radial resolution is &lt;2 cm, and k⊥ is ∼ 4–12 cm−1. Based on the Doppler reflectometer, the perpendicular turbulence propagation velocity, the profile of the radial electric field, the geodesic acoustic mode, and some other phenomena have been observed on J-TEXT.
Artificial intelligence velocimetry and microaneurysm-on-a-chip for three-dimensional analysis of blood flow in physiology and disease
Authors: Cai Shengze , Li He , Zheng Fuyin , Kong Fang , Dao Ming , Karniadakis George Em , Suresh Subra 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Microfluidics is an important in vitro platform to gain insights into mechanics of blood flow and mechanisms of pathophysiology of human diseases. Extraction of 3D fields in microfluidics with dense cell suspensions remains a formidable challenge. We present artificial-intelligence velocimetry (AIV) as a general platform to determine 3D flow fields and a microaneurysm-on-a-chip to simulate blood flow in microaneurysms in patients with diabetic retinopathy. AIV is built on physics-informed neural networks that integrate seamlessly 2D images from microfluidic experiments or in vivo observations with physical laws to estimate full 3D velocity and stress fields. AIV could be integrated into imaging technologies to automatically infer key hemodynamic metrics from in vivo and in vitro biomedical images.
Alcohol Trajectories and Subsequent Risk for Opioid Misuse in a Cohort of Urban Adolescents
Authors: Thrul Johannes , Reboussin Beth A. , Rabinowitz Jill A. , Maher Brion S. , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: March 2021

Background The opioid epidemic is a public health emergency in the US. Alcohol is the most widely used addictive substance among all age groups; however, the contribution of different alcohol use trajectories throughout adolescence and young adulthood to the development of opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban minority youth has not been investigated. Methods Data are from a study of 580 youth (85% African American, 67% low SES) residing in Baltimore City followed from ages 6–26. Alcohol trajectories were identified between ages 14 and 26 using group-based trajectory modeling. Opioid misuse was defined as using opioid painkillers without a prescription or using heroin between ages 19 and 26. Opioid misuse outcomes were also investigated separately. Logistic regression examined associations of alcohol trajectories with opioid misuse in young adulthood adjusting for socio-demographics, early use of tobacco and cannabis, neighborhood, and peer factors. Results Six alcohol use trajectories were identified: Young adult increasing (21.4%), adult increasing (19.1%), abstaining (19.1%), experimenting (15.3%), adolescent increasing (14.8%), and adolescent limited (10.2%). In models fully adjusted for covariates, relative to the abstaining trajectory, the adolescent increasing trajectory was associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse (aOR = 3.3, 95%CI = 1.4, 7.8) and prescription opioid misuse (aOR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.4, 10.8) in young adulthood. Conclusions Escalating alcohol use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse in young adulthood in a cohort of predominantly African American and socio-economically disadvantaged young people. Tailored interventions should target high levels of alcohol use during these developmental periods to reduce risk for opioid misuse among disadvantaged youth.
Phase transitions in 2d orders coupled to the Ising model
Authors: Glaser Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 2d orders are a sub class of causal sets, which is especially amenable to computer simulations. Past work has shown that the 2d orders have a first order phase transition between a random and a crystalline phase. When coupling the 2d orders to the Ising model, this phase transition coincides with the transition of the Ising model. The coupled system also shows a new phase, at negative β, where the Ising model induces the geometric transition. In this article we examine the phase transitions of the coupled system, to determine their order, as well as how they scale when the system size is changed. We find that the transition at positive β seems to be of mixed order, while the two transitions at negative β appear continuous/first order for the Ising model/the geometry respectively. The scaling of the observables with the system size on the other hand is fairly simple, and does, where applicable, agree with that found for the pure 2d orders. We find that the location of these transitions has fractional scaling in the system size.