bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legal Dimension of the Relation Between the Chinese Communist Party and the Private Economy. A Perspective of the Article 19 of the Company Law
Authors: Sabatino Gianmatteo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chinese economic development has been driven, among other factors, by the gradual expansion of the private economy and the establishment of Chinese-based multinational corporations recognized as “champions” of the Chinese economy. At the same time, the Chinese Communist Party strives to maintain proper coordination mechanisms over the Chinese private economy, in order to ensure the harmonization between private and public interests. Does such policy direction, pursued by the Chinese leadership, rely on legal mechanisms? Does the Chinese Communist Party have legal instruments at its disposal in order to carry out coordinative functions concerning the private economy? The issue, although acknowledged by several scholars, has been rarely the object of a comprehensive legal analysis, taking into account the interactions between the different legal formants of the Chinese system. The purpose of this paper is to sketch an outline of the main legal mechanisms empowering the Chinese Communist Party to supervise and coordinate the activity of private economic operators. Starting from the assessment of some recent developments, embodied in «Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work in the Private Economy in the New Era» issued in September 2020, the analysis will try to identify some of the most relevant legal provisions aimed at ensuring Party supervision over the private economy, in particular Art. 19 of the Company Law. Such provisions will be analyzed not only within the context of the recent developments of Chinese economic law, but also with regard to its practical applications by courts, in order to define the scope, in concrete, of Party activities in the private economy. The information gathered and analyzed will then be taken as conceptual basis to draw some conclusions regarding the structural role of the Chinese Communist Party in the development of Chinese commercial and economic law.
Reaction mechanisms of furfuryl alcohol polymer with wood cell wall components
Authors: Shen Xiaoshuang , Guo Dengkang , Jiang Pan , Li Gaiyun , Yang Sheng , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wood properties of furfurylation can be altered by reaction mechanisms of furfuryl alcohol polymer (PFA) and cell walls. Although chemical reactions between PFA and lignin have been studied, reaction mechanisms between PFA and cell wall components, including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are still not comprehensively understood. In order to elucidate chemical reactions regarding PFA with wood cell walls, model compounds of main cell wall components were used to investigate its reactions with PFA by 13C NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that there was no chemical bonding of PFA with either cellulose or hemicellulose. Condensations of uncrowded ring positions (meta, ortho and para) and side chains (α–C, β–C, β–OH, and γ–OH) of lignin with PFA did occur based on 13C NMR spectra. Reaction enthalpy and activation energy also confirmed the condensation reactions between lignin and PFA. This study could provide design guidelines to control the chemical reactions of PFA in cell walls and lignin and, therefore, improve the properties of furfurylated wood.
A techno-economic analysis of the roof top off-grid solar PV system for Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumar Mantosh , Namrata Kumari , Samadhiya Akshit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the exhaust rate of the conventional sources has geared up already, this is compelling the power industries to install the power plants based on the non-conventional sources so that future demand of the energy supply can be fulfilled. Among the various sources of renewable energy like wind, hydro, tidal etc., solar energy is the most easily accessible and available renewable energy source. Ensuring the feasibility of any energy source not only technical but also the economical perspective is the most important criteria. This paper has incorporated both the perspective and has done the techno-economic analysis to determine the optimum combination of the PV array size and battery size to minimize the overall electricity generation per unit. In this paper, a standalone solar PV system has been analyzed for the location of Jamshedpur, where an effort has been done to choose the optimum combination of the solar array and battery size within the desired range of LLP so that the electricity generation cost per unit can be minimized. The overall duration of the analysis has been done for a year and the outcome of the research has been verified with the help of MATLAB software.
SOEP-RV: Linking German Socio-Economic Panel Data to Pension Records
Authors: Lüthen Holger , Schröder Carsten , Grabka Markus M. , Goebel Jan , Mika Tatjana , Brüggmann Daniel , Ellert Sebastian , Penz Hannah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of the project SOEP-RV is to link data from participants in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) survey to their individual Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Insurance) records. For all SOEP respondents who give explicit consent to record linkage, SOEP-RV creates a linked dataset that combines the comprehensive multi-topic SOEP data with detailed cross-sectional and longitudinal data on social security pension records covering the individual’s entire insurance history. This article provides an overview of the record linkage project, highlights potentials for analysis of the linked data, compares key SOEP and pension insurance variables, and suggests a re-weighting procedure that corrects for selectivity. It concludes with details on the process of obtaining the data for scientific use.
Analytic integration of the Newton potential over cuboids and an application to fast multipole methods
Authors: Kirchhart Matthias , Weniger Donat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present simplified formulae for the analytic integration of the Newton potential of polynomials over boxes in two- and three-dimensional space. These are implemented in an easy-to-use C++ library that allows computations in arbitrary precision arithmetic which is also documented here. We describe how these results can be combined with fast multipole methods to evaluate the Newton potential of more general, non-polynomial densities.
Cervical ripening after cesarean section: a prospective dual center study comparing a mechanical osmotic dilator vs. prostaglandin E2
Authors: Koenigbauer Josefine Theresia , Schalinski Elisabeth , Jarchau Ute , Gauger Ulrich , Brandt Katrin , Klaucke Sandra , Scharf Jens-Peter , Rath Werner , Hellmeyer Lars 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Worldwide, the overall cesarean section is rising. Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is an overall safe option with an immediate impact on neonatal and maternal short- and long-term health. Since the use of prostaglandins in cervical ripening is associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture, mechanical methods as balloon catheters or osmotic dilators have been suggested for cervical ripening prior to induction of labour. Here we are analyzing and comparing the VBAC rate, as well as maternal and fetal outcome in cervical ripening prior to TOLAC.

Methods
This prospective dual center study analyses maternal and neonatal outcomes of TOLAC in women with an unfavorable cervix requiring cervical ripening agent. The prospective application of an osmotic dilator (Dilapan-S, n=104) was analysed in comparison to the retrospective application of off-label dinoprostone (n=102).

Results
The overall fetal and neonatal outcome revealed no significant differences in both groups. Patients receiving cervical ripening with the osmotic dilator delivered vaginally/by ventouse in 52% of cases, compared to 53% when using dinoprostone (p=0.603). The interval between application to onset of labor was significantly higher in the osmotic dilator group (37.9 vs.20.7 h, p=<0.001). However, time from onset of labor to delivery was similar in both groups (7.93 vs. 7.44 h, p=0.758). There was one case of uterine rupture in the dinoprostone group.

Conclusions
Our data shows that the application of the osmotic dilator leads to similar outcomes in VBAC rate and time from onset of labor to delivery as well as safety in both groups compared to off-label use dinoprostone. Cervical ripening using the mechanical dilator is a viable and effective option, without the risk of uterine hyperstimulation.
Residuation in finite posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When an algebraic logic based on a poset instead of a lattice is investigated then there is a natural problem how to introduce implication to be everywhere defined and satisfying (left) adjointness with conjunction. We have already studied this problem for the logic of quantum mechanics which is based on an orthomodular poset or the logic of quantum effects based on a so-called effect algebra which is only partial and need not be lattice-ordered. For this, we introduced the so-called operator residuation where the values of implication and conjunction need not be elements of the underlying poset, but only certain subsets of it. However, this approach can be generalized for posets satisfying more general conditions. If these posets are even finite, we can focus on maximal or minimal elements of the corresponding subsets and the formulas for the mentioned operators can be essentially simplified. This is shown in the present paper where all theorems are explained by corresponding examples.
Oscillation theorems for certain second-order nonlinear retarded difference equations
Authors: Chatzarakis George E. , Grace Said R. , Jadlovská Irena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the oscillation of second-order nonlinear retarded difference equations. We present some new oscillation criteria via comparison with first-order equations whose oscillatory behavior are known. The results are generalized to be applicable to different kinds of neutral equations. An example is also given to demonstrate the applicability of the obtained conditions.
An existence level for the residual sum of squares of the power-law regression with an unknown location parameter
Authors: Jukić Dragan , Marošević Tomislav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper [JUKIĆ, D.: A necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence of the global minima of a continuous lower bounded function on a noncompact set, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 375 (2020)], a new existence level was introduced and then was used to obtain a necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence of the global minima of a continuous lower bounded function on a noncompact set. In this paper, we determined that existence level for the residual sum of squares of the power-law regression with an unknown location parameter, and so we obtained a necessary and sufficient condition which guarantee the existence of the least squares estimate.
Crystal structure of dichlorido-bis(4-methylphenyl-κC
1)tin(IV), C14H14Cl2Sn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C14H14Cl2Sn, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.2912(1) Å, b = 9.6221(1) Å, c = 18.5616(2) Å, V = 1480.82(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0142, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0347, T = 100 K.
Nanotechnology-enabled biomedical engineering: Current trends, future scopes, and perspectives
Authors: Ray Shariqsrijon Sinha , Bandyopadhyay Jayita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Applications of nanotechnology in biomedical engineering are vast and span several interdisciplinary areas of nanomedicine, diagnostics, and nanotheranostics. Herein, we provide a brief perspective on nanotechnology as an enabling tool for the design of new functional materials and devices for medical applications. Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, are commonly used in optical imaging to diagnose diseases such as cancer. Varieties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and two-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures, are prospective therapeutics and may also be used in protective antiviral/antibacterial applications. Similarly, a number of nanomaterials have shown the potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional antiviral drugs. However, assessing the adverse effects and toxicities of nanoparticles in medicine and therapeutics is becoming more critical. This article discusses the latest developments of nanomaterials in diagnosis, nanotheranostics, and nanomedicines, with particular emphasis on the importance of nanomaterials in fighting against coronavirus disease. Further, we considered the safety and toxicity of nanomaterials in the context of biomedical applications. Finally, we provided our perspective on the future of nanotechnology in emerging biomedical engineering fields.
Disruption, Preference Cascades, Contagion, and the Transition to Agriculture in Northern Europe
Authors: Bogucki Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The transition to agriculture in northern Europe around 4000 BC presents an unresolved question. Explanations have vacillated between the adoption of Neolithic things and practices by indigenous foragers to the displacement of Mesolithic populations by immigrant farmers. The goal of this article is to articulate some thoughts on this process. First, it would have been necessary to introduce food production practices, by acculturation or immigration, to disrupt not only the forager economy but also their values of sharing and social relations. The use of milk for dairy products is a prime candidate for such a disruptive technology. The attraction of Neolithic ways may have been initially concealed from others, and only the realization of their widespread appeal caused fellow foragers to change their preferences. Second, it was necessary for foragers to commit to these changes and for the changed values to spread through mechanisms of social contagion. Immigrant farmers may have been especially influential in this regard, with increased sedentism and interaction being catalysts for completing the transition to agriculture.
The influence of piperazine diamine templates on the synthesis, structures and properties of uranyl oxalate complex
Authors: Zou Yaxuan , Qiao Xueling , Su Yin , He Jiangang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As an important nuclear material, uranium is one of the most concerned elements in the nuclear fuel cycle, which could interact with many inorganic and organic ligands. Amine templates have a significant structural-oriented effect on the construction of uranyl oxalate complex. In this work, the piperazine diamine templates were used to synthesize uranyl oxalate complex and their crystal structures were resolved by single crystal diffraction, and their spectra were studied by IR, Raman, UV–vis, fluorescence, and EPR techniques. The final results show that crystal structures, properties and applications of uranyl oxalate complex have a close correlation with polyamine templates. The single crystal structure results show that the structural-oriented effect of piperazine diamine template is greatly affected by the proportion and concentration of solute in the surrounding environment. And the alkyl substituents on N atoms of amine templates are related to the tight of structures. Interestingly, 5# has a potential application as the original material for multiple reuse of fluorescent sensor materials. At present, there is no clear and in-depth study on the internal mechanism of such phenomena in solid uranyl complexes, and the specific mechanism needs to be further explored.
Stability of proteins involved in initiation of DNA replication in UV damaged human cells
Authors: Anachkova Boyka Borisova , Djeliova Vera Lyubchova 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The protein stability of the initiation factors Orc2, Orc3, Orc4, and Cdc6 was analyzed after UV light exposure in two human cell lines. In the cell line with higher repair capacity, HEK 293, no changes in the cell cycle distribution or in the protein levels of the investigated factors were detected. In HeLa cells that are characterized by lower repair capacity, UV irradiation caused a reduction of the levels of Cdc6, Orc2 and Orc3, but not of Orc4 or triggered apoptosis. The appearance of the truncated 49 kDa form of Cdc6 suggested the involvement of the caspase pathway in the degradation of the proteins. Reduced protein levels of Cdc6 were detected in UV damaged HeLa cells in which the apoptotic process was blocked with the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, indicating that the degradation of Cdc6 is mediated by the proteasome pathway instead. In the presence of caffeine, an inhibitor of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases, Cdc6 was stabilized, demonstrating that its degradation is controlled by the DNA damage cell cycle checkpoint. We conclude that in response to DNA damage, the activation of origins of replication can be prevented by the degradation of Cdc6, most likely through the proteasome pathway.
The analysis of the phenomenon of reflexivity in psychotherapy supervision: A systematic literature review
Authors: Vaštakė Marija , Skruibis Paulius 
Published: August 2021

Reflexivity is a concept that is increasingly gaining prevalence in the literature of professional practice and it has been defined in a variety of ways; however, the differences in definition largerly depend on the context. Therefore, reflexivity development is the main goal of supervision; it is a powerful instrument that can impede the psychotherapist’s connection with his client, but there is no answer on what specifically enhances or decreases reflexivity during the supervision process. In the scientific articles analyzing supervision, there is no clear definition of the phenomenon of reflexivity and there is also a lack of empirical studies of reflexivity in supervision. The aim of this paper is to present our own definition and theoretical model of reflexivity in the psychotherapy supervision process as well as distinguish reflexivity between adjacent concepts like “reflection,” “self-reflection,” and “self-reflexivity.” We carried out a systematic review of literature within three databases and created a theoretical model of reflexivity in psychotherapy supervision. We also discuss the guidelines and methods for further empirical investigations of this phenomenon in psychotherapy supervision.
Influence of Infrastructure Financing on Financial Sustainability of Water Service Providers in Kenya
Authors: Julius Christine Mawia , Okech Timothy Chrispinus 
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To establish the influence of infrastructure financing on financial sustainability of water service providers (WSPs) in Kenya.
Design/Method/Research approach. The study adopted the pragmatism research philosophy and an explanatory sequential mixed design targeting some senior managers selected from the eighty-eight registered WSPs in Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data while an interview schedule was used to collect the qualitative data from key informants. The data analysis was done on the bases of descriptive and inferential statistics; the nature and size of relationship was tested using correlation and the regression analysis while the results are presented using tables and graphs.
Findings. The study concludes that Infrastructure financing has a positive and statistically significant influence on financial sustainability of WSPs in Kenya.
Theoretical implications. The research proves that infrastructure financing has a statistically significant effect on financial sustainability of WSPs in Kenya.
Practical implications. Taking into account the findings, it is recommended that the National government via the National treasury and WWDAs should ensure that all funding proposals capture end-to-end financing so as to increase the last mile connectivity.
Social implications. The study also identifies the need for the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation (MWSI) to collaborate with key stakeholders in order to tap into local resources and development grants.
Originality/Value. The study makes a unique contribution by establishing that infrastructure financing significantly influences financial sustainability of water service providers in Kenya.
Research limitations/Future research. There is need to explore the possibility partnerships with communities and NGOs as the sector is highly indebted and unable to service the current loan portfolio.
Paper type. Empirical.
Market Innovation and Competitive Advantage of Telecommunication Companies in Kenya
Authors: Mugo Peter , Macharia Jimmy 
Published: August 2021

Research question. To survive, organizations must have a competitive advantage in order to stay ahead of the competition. Market innovation has remained the driving force behind most market expansions and stability in the turbulent nature of global economies. The research question for the study thus was, “do market innovations influence the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya?”
Design/Method/Approach. Using the philosophy of positivism, the study adopted an explanatory research design in testing the hypothesis. The main data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire using both physical conduct and online interactions to return 247 responses from mid and top-level managers in a total of 26 active telecommunications companies in Kenya. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS computer application to analyze the data.
Findings. The study findings established that innovative distribution channels significantly influenced the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya, while advertising and promotions did not have a significant influence. This led to the conclusion that market innovation has a significant influence on the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya.
Practical implications. The study recommends that telecommunication companies need to form collaborations and partnerships for establishing market distribution channels that have indicated to bring influence onto the competitive advantage of the companies. Other recommendations include a wider coverage of the East African market for the telecommunications sector. The study provides insights into new companies with an interest in the region.
Originality/Value. From the results, marketing and promotions are not the only major contributing factors in the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya; one must consider distribution channels too.
Research limitations/Future Research. The study faced limitations on visiting the field during the COVID-19 pandemic period, thus encountering entry restrictions into various premises. All protocols were observed to overcome that obstacle. Some of the telecommunications companies were facing difficulties in operations and hence could not participate.
Paper type. Empirical.