bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic status and the double burden of malnutrition in Cambodia between 2000 and 2014: overweight mothers and stunted children
Authors: Nakphong Michelle K , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:The Cambodian population has experienced an increase in the proportion of stunted children who have overweight mothers during a period of rapid social and economic growth. We aimed to identify socio-economic factors associated with this household-level double burden over time.Design:We used data from four Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to 2014 to study the impact of socio-economic status (SES) on the link between child stunting and overweight mothers in two periods 2000–2005 v. 2010–2014. We hypothesised that SES would be a primary factor associated with this phenomenon.Participants:We included 14 988 children under the age of 5 years, among non-pregnant mothers aged 15–49 years of age and conducted analysis on a subsample of 1572 children with overweight mothers.Setting:Nationally representative household survey across all regions.Results:SES factors, specifically household wealth and maternal employment in service or manual occupations (in 2010–2014), are the main drivers of stunting among children of overweight mothers. Children with overweight mothers in the poorest households are more than twice as likely to be stunted than in the richest in both periods (2000–2005: adjusted OR (aOR) = 2·53, 95 % CI: 1·25, 5·13; 2010–2014: aOR = 2·61, 95 % CI: 1·43, 4·77), adjusting for other SES factors, indicating that despite decreasing income inequality, the poorest continue to bear excess risk of a double burden of malnutrition. Maternal short stature also doubled the likelihood of child stunting in both periods, which suggests intergenerational transmission of adversity and physical underdevelopment.Conclusions:Socio-economic inequalities should be addressed to reduce disparities in the household-level double burden of malnutrition.
Profiles of exposure to potentially traumatic events in refugees living in Australia
Authors: Nickerson A. , Byrow Y. , Rasmussen A. , O'Donnell M. , Bryant R. , Murphy S. , Mau V. , McMahon T. , Benson G. , Liddell B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Refugees and asylum-seekers are typically exposed to multiple potentially traumatic events (PTEs) in the context of war, persecution and displacement, which confer elevated risk for psychopathology. There are significant limitations, however, in extant approaches to measuring these experiences in refugees. The current study aimed to identify profiles of PTE exposure, and the associations between these profiles and key demographics, contextual factors (including ongoing stressors, method of travel to Australia and separation from family), mental health and social outcomes, in a large sample of refugees resettled in Australia.

Methods
Participants were 1085 from Arabic, Farsi, Tamil and English-speaking refugee backgrounds who completed an online or pen-and-paper survey in their own language. Constructs measured included PTE exposure, demographics, pre-displacement factors, ongoing stressors, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, anger reactions, plans of suicide and social engagement.

Results
Latent class analysis identified four profiles of PTE exposure, including the torture and pervasive trauma class, the violence exposure class, the deprivation exposure class and the low exposure class. Compared to the low exposure class, participants in the trauma-exposed classes were more likely to be male, highly educated, from Farsi and Tamil-speaking backgrounds, have travelled to Australia by boat, experience more ongoing stressors and report both greater psychological symptoms and social engagement.

Conclusions
This study found evidence for four distinct profiles of PTE exposure in a large sample of resettled refugees, and that these were associated with different demographic, psychological and social characteristics. These findings suggest that person-centred approaches represent an important potential avenue for investigation of PTE exposure in refugees, particularly with respect to identifying subgroups of refugees who may benefit from different types or levels of intervention according to their pre-migration PTE experiences.
Survey on weedy rice (Oryza spp.) management practice and adoption of Clearfield® rice technology in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Dilipkumar Masilamany , Ahmad-Hamdani Muhammad Saiful , Rahim Hairazi , Chuah Tse Seng , Burgos Nilda Roma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA total of 452 rice farmers from three main granary areas of Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA), Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA), and Integrated Agricultural Development Area Barat Laut Selangor (IADA BLS) were surveyed in 2019. The goal was to determine farmers’ knowledge of and management practices for weedy rice (Oryza spp.) as well as the adoption level of Clearfield® rice technology (CRT) in Malaysia. Most farmers (74%) were adept at recognizing weedy rice. The majority of farmers (77%) perceived transplanting and water seeding rice systems as the best options to manage weedy rice, while only 10% of the farmers adopted CRT. The low level of adoption of this technology was due to several constraints, including the high cost of the CRT package and occurrence of imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant weedy rice in their farms. Farmers from MADA and IADA BLS reported the occurrence of IMI weedy rice in their farms for more than nine planting seasons, whereas those from KADA reported having resistant weedy rice for five to six planting seasons. The main factor contributing to the evolution of IMI-resistant weedy rice was ignorance about the technology and deliberate disregard of stewardship guidelines. The survey revealed that there is a need to increase awareness about CRT through training and educational programs for proper adoption of this technology.
Carbonaceous Aerosol Characterization and Their Relationship With Meteorological Parameters During Summer Monsoon and Winter Monsoon at an Industrial Region in Delhi, India
Authors: Sonwani Saurabh , Saxena Pallavi , Shukla Anuradha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPM10 samples were collected and atmospheric organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were determined during summer monsoon (SM) and winter monsoon (WM) seasons in 2016–2017 at an industrial location in New Delhi, India. Owing to high combustion and emission activities in the industrial area, it was imperative to characterize the carbonaceous aerosols, including their morphology and seasonal distribution. The mean PM10 concentration was 144 ± 53.7 and 210.4 ± 50.7 μg/m3 in SM and WM, respectively, with an overall average of 174.6 ± 64 μg/m3. Moreover, the OC concentration was 70.3 ± 53.7 and 94.3 ± 40.3 μgC/m3 during the SM and WM, respectively, with an overall average of 79.9 ± 44.9 μgC/m3, and the EC concentration was 50.8 ± 53 and 62.6 ± 49.8 μgC/m3, respectively, with an overall average of 58.3 ± 46.7 μgC/m3. The morphological observations of collected particles were studied and the char/soot particles, iron‐rich particles, and aggregates of calcium sulfate particles were observed during both the seasons. However, the predominance of combustion‐derived particles such as soot and char was higher in the WM than in the SM. Further, the OC/EC ratio suggested the presence of mixed sources at the industrial location, predominated by industry and motor vehicle emissions. The relationship of carbonaceous aerosol with meteorological variables was also studied, and it was found that temperature, atmospheric stability, wind direction, and rain intensity significantly affect the levels of OC as compared to that of EC during both seasons.
Thermo‐Hydro‐Mechanical Model and Caprock Deformation Explain the Onset of an Ongoing Seismo‐Volcanic Unrest
Authors: Akande Waheed Gbenga , Gan Quan , Cornwell David G. , De Siena Luca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModeling seismicity at volcanoes remains challenging as the processes that control seismic energy release due to fluid transport, heat flow, and rock deformation are firmly coupled in complex geological media. Here, we couple fluid‐flow and mechanical (deformation) simulators (TOUGHREACT–FLAC3D) to reproduce fluid‐induced seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) in isothermal (HM) and nonisothermal (THM) conditions. The unique ability of the Campi Flegrei caprock to withstand stress induced by hot‐water injections is included in the model parametrization. After pore pressure accumulation is guided by a combination of thermal and hydromechanical interactions, contrasting compressive and extensional forces act on the basal and top parts of the caprock, respectively. Then, pressure perturbation and caprock deformation induce fractures that allow hot fluids uprising to pressurize the overlying fault, driving it toward failure and triggering seismicity. Under similar mechanical boundary conditions, the induced thermal effects prompt seismic slip earlier but with higher seismic magnitudes when (1) thermal equilibrium is preserved and (2) the thermal contrast is enhanced due to increased fluid injection temperatures. The results indicate that numerical models of volcano seismicity must consider the influence of rock‐sealing formations to obtain more robust, accurate, and realistic seismic predictions at volcanoes. The proposed models satisfactorily reproduce the magnitude–depth distribution of the swarm (October 5, 2019), preceding the two strongest earthquakes recorded in 35 years at the caldera (3.1 and 3.3—on December 6, 2019, and April 26, 2020, respectively) using hot‐water injection from depth.
Controlling Factors of Methane in Tropical Lakes of Different Depths
Authors: Mendoza‐Pascual Milette U. , Itoh Masayuki , Aguilar Jaydan I. , Padilla Karol Sophia Agape R. , Papa Rey Donne S. , Okuda Noboru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo understand methane (CH4) dynamics in tropical lakes and describe their importance in overall CH4 emissions, we observed temporal trends of CH4 stored in the water columns of Philippine lakes of different depths (shallow, moderately deep, and deep). We detected higher CH4 stored in profundal anoxic layers of deeper lakes. The average surface and profundal CH4 concentrations throughout our monthly monitoring were 0.27 ± 0.07 and 421 ± 189 μmol L–1 in the shallow lake, 0.48 ± 0.37 and 1,121 ± 125 μmol L–1 in the moderately deep lake, and 0.34 ± 0.23 and 943 ± 119 μmol L–1 in the deep lake. The fate of CH4 stored in the water column was related to depth, owing to different stratification and mixing regimes. Analyses of temporal relationships of CH4 with daily weather and physicochemical parameters revealed their impact on CH4 dynamics by controlling the frequency and mixing intensity throughout the year. Only shallow lake exhibited increase in CH4 concentrations with lowering atmospheric pressure. This allows vertical mixing and transport of CH4 from deeper to shallower layers. In moderately deep, and deep lakes, effects of daily weather parameters were not apparent on CH4 concentrations in the deepest layers (below 30 m depth). This suggests that lake depth and stratification should be considered for precise estimation of tropical lakes' CH4 emissions. Comparison with lakes under different climate conditions revealed the importance of tropical lakes for surface CH4 emission due to higher surface CH4 concentrations. Changes in water temperature is one of the factors controlling profundal CH4 production, storage, and its transport to shallower layer.
Physically Based Scaling Models to Predict Gas Transfer Velocity in Streams and Rivers
Authors: Wang Junna , Bombardelli Fabián A. , Dong Xiaoli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAir‐water gas transfer influences fundamental processes of aquatic systems such as photosynthesis, respiration, and greenhouse gas emission. Previous predictive models for gas transfer velocity (KL) often only apply to a small range of streams and rivers. Two “universal” scalings, KL ∼ 1/4 power of turbulent dissipation rate (ε1/4) and KL ∼ shear velocity (U*), deduced from classic thin‐film theory and surface renewal theory, have been reported for lake and marine systems, but have not been adequately tested for streams or rivers. To test the two scalings and understand how KL varies across systems, we compiled 588 field measurements of KL, and used inverse modeling based on long‐term high‐frequency dissolved oxygen time series to estimate KL of 35 streams and rivers capturing a wide range of discharge (0–221 m3/s). We found that the two scalings held for both the KL estimated by inverse modeling and the KL from measurements and outperformed 23 previous models in predicting KL. Furthermore, the main driver of KL variation shifts from bottom friction to other factors with increasing stream/river size. In most streams and a few rivers, correlation between U* and KL is high, and discharge‐KL relationships are strongly positive, indicating that turbulence generated by bottom friction dominates near‐surface turbulence, a fundamental control of KL, thus, the two scaling models are applicable to these systems. However, most rivers (mean discharge >10 m3/s) show low correlations between U* and KL, suggesting biochemical factors and winds likely override bottom friction in driving near‐surface turbulence and KL.
High glucose induces Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission via the Orai1 calcium channel to participate in diabetic cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Wu Qing-Rui , Zheng Dan-Lin , Liu Pei-Ming , Yang Hui , Li Lu-An , Kuang Su-Juan , Lai Ying-Yu , Rao Fang , Xue Yu-Mei , Lin Ji-Jin , Liu Shuang-Xin , Chen Chun-Bo , Deng Chun-Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction and impaired Ca2+ handling are involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Dynamic relative protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial fission by changing its level of phosphorylation, and the Orai1 (Ca2+ release-activated calcium channel protein 1) calcium channel is important for the increase in Ca2+ entry into cardiomyocytes. We aimed to explore the mechanism of Drp1 and Orai1 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy caused by high glucose (HG). We found that Zucker diabetic fat rats induced by administration of a high-fat diet develop cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function, accompanied by the activation of mitochondrial dynamics and calcium handling pathway-related proteins. Moreover, HG induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function, and increased Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx. Mechanistically, the Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HG by reducing phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) and increasing phosphorylation at S637. Inhibition of Orai1 with single guide RNA (sgOrai1) or an inhibitor (BTP2) not only suppressed Drp1 activity and calmodulin-binding catalytic subunit A (CnA) and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression but also alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy caused by HG. In addition, the CnA inhibitor cyclosporin A and p-ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 improved HG-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by promoting and inhibiting phosphorylation of Drp1 at S637 and S616, respectively. In summary, we identified Drp1 as a downstream target of Orai1-mediated Ca2+ entry, via activation by p-ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation at S616 or CnA-mediated dephosphorylation at S637 in DCM. Thus, the Orai1–Drp1 axis is a novel target for treating DCM.
AAV-mediated inhibition of ULK1 promotes axonal regeneration in the central nervous system in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ribas Vinicius Toledo , Vahsen Björn Friedhelm , Tatenhorst Lars , Estrada Veronica , Dambeck Vivian , Almeida Raquel Alves , Bähr Mathias , Michel Uwe , Koch Jan Christoph , Müller Hans Werner , Lingor Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAxonal damage is an early step in traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Damaged axons are not able to regenerate sufficiently in the adult mammalian CNS, leading to permanent neurological deficits. Recently, we showed that inhibition of the autophagic protein ULK1 promotes neuroprotection in different models of neurodegeneration. Moreover, we demonstrated previously that axonal protection improves regeneration of lesioned axons. However, whether axonal protection mediated by ULK1 inhibition could also improve axonal regeneration is unknown. Here, we used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to express a dominant-negative form of ULK1 (AAV.ULK1.DN) and investigated its effects on axonal regeneration in the CNS. We show that AAV.ULK1.DN fosters axonal regeneration and enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, AAV.ULK1.DN increases neuronal survival and enhances axonal regeneration after optic nerve lesion, and promotes long-term axonal protection after spinal cord injury (SCI) in vivo. Interestingly, AAV.ULK1.DN also increases serotonergic and dopaminergic axon sprouting after SCI. Mechanistically, AAV.ULK1.DN leads to increased ERK1 activation and reduced expression of RhoA and ROCK2. Our findings outline ULK1 as a key regulator of axonal degeneration and regeneration, and define ULK1 as a promising target to promote neuroprotection and regeneration in the CNS.
SIRT1 attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via Beclin1 deacetylation-mediated autophagy activation
Authors: Deng Zhiya , Sun Maomao , Wu Jie , Fang Haihong , Cai Shumin , An Sheng , Huang Qiaobing , Chen Zhenfeng , Wu Chenglun , Zhou Ziwei , Hu Haoran , Zeng Zhenhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur previous studies showed that silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue-1 (SIRT1, a deacetylase) upregulation could attenuate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI). Upregulated SIRT1 can deacetylate certain autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, Atg5, Atg7 and LC3) in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether the beneficial effect of SIRT1 is related to autophagy induction and the underlying mechanism of this effect is also unknown. In the present study, caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mice, and an LPS-challenged HK-2 cell line were established to mimic a SAKI animal model and a SAKI cell model, respectively. Our results demonstrated that SIRT1 activation promoted autophagy and attenuated SAKI. SIRT1 deacetylated only Beclin1 but not the other autophagy-related proteins in SAKI. SIRT1-induced autophagy and its protective effect against SAKI were mediated by the deacetylation of Beclin1 at K430 and K437. Moreover, two SIRT1 activators, resveratrol and polydatin, attenuated SAKI in CLP-induced septic mice. Our study was the first to demonstrate the important role of SIRT1-induced Beclin1 deacetylation in autophagy and its protective effect against SAKI. These findings suggest that pharmacologic induction of autophagy via SIRT1-mediated Beclin1 deacetylation may be a promising therapeutic approach for future SAKI treatment.
Sunitinib treatment promotes metastasis of drug-resistant renal cell carcinoma via TFE3 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Luchao , Zhao Shuo , Liu Zhengfang , Zhang Nianzhao , Pang Shuo , Liu Jikai , Liu Cheng , Fan Yidong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, such as sunitinib and sorafenib, remain the first-line drugs for the treatment of mRCC. Acquired drug resistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure. However, in the case of metastasis Renal Cell Cancer (mRCC), which showed a good response to sunitinib, we found that long-term treatment with sunitinib could promote lysosome biosynthesis and exocytosis, thereby triggering the metastasis of RCC. By constructing sunitinib-resistant cell lines in vivo, we confirmed that TFE3 plays a key role in the acquired resistance to sunitinib in RCC. Under the stimulation of sunitinib, TFE3 continued to enter the nucleus, promoting the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein E-Syt1. E-Syt1 and the lysosomal membrane protein Syt7 form a heterodimer, which induces ER fragmentation, Ca2+ release, and lysosomal exocytosis. Lysosomal exocytosis has two functions: pumping sunitinib out from the cytoplasm, which promotes resistance to sunitinib in RCC, releasing cathepsin B (CTSB) into the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can degrade the ECM to enhance the invasion and metastasis ability of RCC. Our study found that although sunitinib is an effective drug for the treatment of mRCC, once RCC has acquired resistance to sunitinib, sunitinib treatment will promote metastasis.
Obesity-associated up-regulation of lipocalin 2 protects gastric mucosa cells from apoptotic cell death by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wen Xin , Su Bin , Gao Mingming , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Donglei , You Hui , Li Nannan , Chang Shuaikang , Cheng Xiaoyun , Qian Chunhua , Gao Jingyang , Yang Peng , Qu Shen , Bu Le 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGastric mucosal injury is a less well known complication of obesity. Its mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Here, we explored the protective role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa in patients and mice with obesity. Through molecular and genetic analyses in clinical species, LCN2 secreted by parietal cells expression is elevated in obese. Immunofluorescence, TUNEL, and colorimetry results show that a more significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and increased amount of apoptotic cells in gastric tissue sections in obese groups. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in gastric epithelial cells demonstrate that increased LCN2 protected against obesity associated gastric injury by inhibiting apoptosis and improving inflammatory state. In addition, this protective effect was mediated by repressing ER stress. Our findings identify LCN2 as a gastric hormone could be a compensatory protective factor against gastric injury in obese.
Regulation of MYB by distal enhancer elements in human myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Mengjia , Jiang Penglei , Cheng Kai , Zhang Zehui , Lan Shuyu , Li Xiaoxia , Zhao Lirong , Wang Yucheng , Wang Xiang , Chen Jing , Ji Tao , Han Bingshe , Zhang Junfang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMYB plays vital roles in regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, dysregulation of MYB has been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Although the transcription of MYB has been well studied, its detailed underlying regulatory mechanisms still remain elusive. Here, we detected the long-range interaction between the upstream regions, −34k and −88k, and the MYB promoter in K562, U937, and HL-60 cells using circularized chromosome conformation capture (4C) assay, which declined when MYB was downregulated during chemical-induced differentiation. The enrichment of enhancer markers, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, and enhancer activity at the −34k and −88k regions were confirmed by ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assay respectively. ChIP-qPCR showed the dynamic binding of GATA1, TAL1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) at −34k and −88k during differentiation of K562 cells. Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based method showed that H3K27ac at −34k enhanced TF binding and MYB expression, while DNA methylation inhibited MYB expression. Taken together, our data revealed that enhancer elements at −34k are required for MYB expression, TF binding, and epigenetic modification are closely involved in this process in human myeloid leukemia cells.