bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Gastric Involvement by Strongyloides stercoralis in an Immunocompetent Patient a Common Finding? A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pecorella Irene , Okello Tom Richard , Ciardi Gaia , Ogwang David Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeGastric infection withStrongyloides stercoralis(SS) usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. The unexpected observation of this parasite in an otherwise healthy young lady who had undergone upper endoscopy and biopsy sampling of the gastro-duodenal mucosa, prompted us to review the literature to ascertain the conditions favouring gastric colonization bySS.MethodsPathology files of gastroduodenal biopsies received at St. Mary’s hospital, Northern Uganda, between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. Pubmed search was performed under the headings “Strongyloides stercoralis”, “Gastric parasitosis”.ResultsHistology of the only gastroduodenal biopsy with SS infection showed parasite eggs, immature rhabditiform larvae, and numerous adult worms in gastric pits and rhabditiform larvae in interepithelial parasitic tunnels, causing reactive changes of the glandular epithelium. There was no significant acute inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounding the parasites. Literature review showed that gastricSSinfection appears to be very uncommon and was, as expected, largely prevalent in immunodeficient individuals (84.2% of published cases). The rare gastricSSinfection is a complication of systemic strongyloidiasis, either hyperinfective, or disseminated form. It is also commonly associated with duodenal infection at microscopical examination.ConclusionInvolvement of gastric mucosa in the absence of duodenal strongyloidiasis appears to be quite rare and false-negative histopathological exams are reported if only the stomach is biopsied.
Central limit theorem for linear processes generated by IID random variables under the sub-linear expectation
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the central limit theorem and the invariance principle for linear processes generated by a new notion of independently and identically distributed (IID) random variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng [19]. It turns out that these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical Kolmogorov’s central limit theorem and invariance principle to the case where probability measures are no longer additive.
Social restrictions due to COVID-19 and the incidence of intoxicated patients in pediatric emergency department
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Social restrictions set due to COVID-19 decreased pediatric emergency department (ED). The aim is to report epidemiology of intoxicated patients in pediatric ED during the first and second waves of COVID-19.

Methods
Data for this retrospective hospital discharge register study was gathered from January 2017 to December 2020. Patients aged <18 and intoxicated were included. Incidences are reported per 10,000 children and compared by incidence rate rations (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Incidence of ED visit for intoxicated patient was 65 per 10,000 in 2020 and 54 per 10,000 in 2017–2019 (IRR 1.20 CI 0.87–1.68). Incidence was lower during the lockdown compared to reference years (IRR 0.50 CI 0.17–1.44). Peak monthly incidence (12 per 10000) was recorded after lockdown in July 2020 (IRR 2.45 CI 1.01-5.92).

Discussion
Based on these results, the lockdown and social restrictions did not decrease heavy alcohol or drug consumption among adolescents in Finland.
Rationale and design of the PHOspholamban RElated CArdiomyopathy intervention STudy (i-PHORECAST)
Authors: te Rijdt W. P. , Hoorntje E. T. , de Brouwer R. , Oomen A. , Amin A. , van der Heijden J. F. , Karper J. C. , Westenbrink B. D. , Silljé H. H. W. , te Riele A. S. J. M. , Wiesfeld A. C. P. , van Gelder I. C. , Willems T. P. , van der Zwaag P. A. , van Tintelen J. P. , Hillege J. H. , Tan H. L. , van Veldhuisen D. J. , Asselbergs F. W. , de Boer R. A. , Wilde A. A. M. , van den Berg M. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The p.Arg14del (c.40_42delAGA) phospholamban (PLN) pathogenic variant is a founder mutation that causes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Carriers are at increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, which has been ascribed to cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, cardiac fibrosis appears to be an early feature of the disease, occurring in many presymptomatic carriers before the onset of overt disease. As with most monogenic cardiomyopathies, no evidence-based treatment is available for presymptomatic carriers.

Aims
The PHOspholamban RElated CArdiomyopathy intervention STudy (iPHORECAST) is designed to demonstrate that pre-emptive treatment of presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers using eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with established antifibrotic effects, can reduce disease progression and postpone the onset of overt disease.

Methods
iPHORECAST has a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) design. Presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers are randomised to receive either 50 mg eplerenone once daily or no treatment. The primary endpoint of the study is a multiparametric assessment of disease progression including cardiac magnetic resonance parameters (left and right ventricular volumes, systolic function and fibrosis), electrocardiographic parameters (QRS voltage, ventricular ectopy), signs and/or symptoms related to DCM and ACM, and cardiovascular death. The follow-up duration is set at 3 years.

Baseline results
A total of 84 presymptomatic PLN p.Arg14del carriers (n = 42 per group) were included. By design, at baseline, all participants were in New York Heart Association (NHYA) class I and had a left ventricular ejection fraction > 45% and < 2500 ventricular premature contractions during 24-hour Holter monitoring. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the baseline characteristics. The study is currently well underway, with the last participants expected to finish in 2021.

Conclusion
iPHORECAST is a multicentre, prospective randomised controlled trial designed to address whether pre-emptive treatment of PLN p.Arg14del carriers with eplerenone can prevent or delay the onset of cardiomyopathy. iPHORECAST has been registered in the clinicaltrials.gov-register (number: NCT01857856).
Measuring dual career motivation among German student-athletes using the Student Athletes’ Motivation Toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire
Authors: Niehues Maike , Gerlach Erin , Sallen Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the 2012 EU guidelines on dual careers (DC), DC research gained increasing awareness in Europe focussing particularly on student-athletes’ motivation. The Student Athletes’ Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ), arguably the most prominent instrument in this research area, has been used in various cross-cultural studies assessing DC motivation. The present investigation contributes to the cross-cultural discourse aiming to (1) adapt the SAMSAQ for the German context and adolescent secondary school student-athletes, and (2) evaluate the German pre-version. A sample of 208 student-athletes (52.4% females, mean age = 17.4 years, 49.5% at squad level) at three German Elite Sport Schools participated in the study. The investigation was split into two parts. First, the SAMSAQ was adapted to the German context and tested. In the second part, the first pre-version was revised. A series of exploratory factor analyses were applied to verify the factor structure of both German SAMSAQ pre-versions. Eight different factor models based on item removal were compared. Neither model demonstrated good results for the replication of previous findings or a meaningful solution in terms of content. Reasons for the deviations between the original and target SAMSAQ factor structures can be found in the different target groups and the culturally different approaches to career assistant programmes as well as in the theoretical background of the instrument. Since neither model was identified as acceptable, the findings indicate that a new instrument needs to be developed for assessing student-athletes’ DC motivation along their pathways in different cross-cultural contexts.
Strengthening the policy framework to resolve lax implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan for agriculture
Authors: Brady Mark V. , Andersen Mikael Skou , Andersson Anna , Kilis Emils , Saarela Sanna-Riikka , Hvarregaard Thorsøe Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this perspective article, we provide recommendations for strengthening the policy framework for protecting the Baltic Sea from agricultural nutrient pollution. The most striking weakness is the lax implementation of prescribed abatement measures, particularly concerning manure management, in most countries. Institutions of the EU should also be leveraged for achieving Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) goals. In contrast to the Helsinki Convention, the European Union has economic, political and legal mandates to further implementation and compliance. Equally important is the need for strengthening of local institutions, particularly Water Boards and independent agricultural advisory services in the eastern Baltic Sea Region countries. There is also an urgent need for implementation of voluntary land-use measures where EU funding available to farmers is more broadly and effectively used by providing it on the basis of estimated abatement performance, which can be realized through modelling. The enormous potential for funding performance-based schemes, manure management infrastructure and advisory services through the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy are currently underutilized.
Mitigation strategies against cascading failures within a project activity network
Authors: Ellinas Christos , Nicolaides Christos , Masuda Naoki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuccessful on-time delivery of projects is a key enabler in resolving major societal challenges, such as wasted resources and stagnated economic growth. However, projects are notoriously hard to deliver successfully, partly due to their interconnected and temporal complexity which makes them prone to cascading failures. Here, we develop a cascading failure model and test it on a temporal activity network, extracted from a large-scale engineering project. We evaluate the effectiveness of six mitigation strategies, in terms of the impact of task failure cascading throughout the project. In contrast to theoretical arguments, our results indicate that in the majority of cases, the temporal properties of the activities are more relevant than their structural properties in preventing large-scale cascading failures. In practice, these findings could stimulate new pathways for designing and scheduling projects that naturally limit the extent of cascading failures.
Middle school students’ engagement in and beliefs about student misbehavior: A social domain approach
Authors: Daddis Christopher , Meadows Emily 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThrough the lens of social domain theory, the present study examined how 7th grade students coordinated social and moral reasoning when thinking about transgressions.MethodEighty‐nine 7th‐grade students (Meanage = 13.05 years; 46 female students) were sampled to assess their beliefs about and engagement in school and classroom misbehavior. Interactive sorting tasks were employed to examine how participants coordinated competing social concerns inherent in everyday misbehaviors.ResultsAnalyses revealed that engagement and reasoning were domain differentiated; students engaged most in conventional and contextually conventional transgressions and least in transgressions that involved harm to others (moral) or to the self (prudential). Sorting task responses revealed that, over and above domain‐consistent reasoning (e.g., moral reasoning used to justify decisions about moral transgressions), students appealed to conventional justifications like teacher authority, school rules, and peer norms when reasoning about all types of misbehavior (i.e., moral, conventional, contextually conventional, and prudential). Reasoning also differed by misbehavior groupings. Analyses also indicated that the number of social cognitive domains that a participant considered relevant when defining a transgression was negatively associated with engagement in that transgression. Finally, a multigroup path analysis model revealed that the association between type of reasoning and misbehavior was moderated by misbehavior group.ConclusionsThe findings from this study increased understanding of the ways that individuals coordinate social and moral concerns in everyday decision making. Moreover, discussion focused on how the results can be used to support domain‐based values education and in more effective teacher/administrator responses to student misbehavior.
Applying the principles of zero-trust architecture to protect sensitive and critical data
Authors: Greenwood David 
Published: June 2021

In today's digital landscape, data is a company's most valuable asset, and energy companies, particularly electric, oil and gas, remain at risk of hacking attempts due to their major social and economic importance. Using key zero-trust principles can help to ensure that IT systems are protected, mitigating the risk to company operations and sensitive and critical data. Data is a company's most valuable asset, and energy companies, particularly electric, oil and gas, remain at risk of hacking attempts due to their major social and economic importance. Zero-trust principles can help to ensure that IT systems are protected, mitigating the risk to company operations and sensitive and critical data. However, as David Greenwood of ISN Solutions explains, this model often requires careful planning to ensure productivity and that access to data needed for daily work is maintained.
Psychosocial burden of neglected tropical diseases in eastern Colombia: an explorative qualitative study in persons affected by leprosy, cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease
Authors: van Wijk Robin , van Selm Lena , Barbosa Martha C. , van Brakel Wim H. , Waltz Mitzi , Philipp Puchner Karl 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Leprosy, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and Chagas disease (CD) are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a high psychosocial burden in Norte de Santander and Arauca in Colombia. This study provides insights into affected persons' feelings, perceptions and experiences to better understand the nature of this burden.

Methods
In 2018, 34 leprosy, CD and CL patients participated in four focus groups discussing the influence of the disease on mental well-being, social participation and stigma. Additionally, 13 leprosy patients participated in semi-structured interviews to further explore the health-related stigma related to this disease. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, and open coding was used to identify the most relevant categories and themes.

Results
Persons suffering from CD reported that their mental distress was mainly caused by impairments and stress related to the progressive and incurable nature of the disease. Persons affected by CL perceived the treatment for the disease as having the most impact on their psychosocial well-being. Persons affected by leprosy reported suffering most from anticipated and experienced stigma.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that these diseases are likely to impose a significant psychosocial burden on patients in the studied regions, even though these vary per condition. Consistent data collection on the psychosocial burden and the sharing of knowledge of effective interventions can contribute to the holistic approach needed to win the fight against NTDs.
Are voters' views about proportional outcomes shaped by partisan preferences? A survey experiment in the context of a real election
Authors: Blais André , Sevi Semra , Plescia Carolina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine citizens' evaluations of majoritarian and proportional electoral outcomes through an innovative experimental design. We ask respondents to react to six possible electoral outcomes during the 2019 Canadian federal election campaign. There are two treatments: the performance of the party and the proportionality of electoral outcomes. There are three performance conditions: the preferred party's vote share corresponds to vote intentions as reported in the polls at the time of the survey (the reference), or it gets 6 percentage points more (fewer) votes. There are two electoral outcome conditions: disproportional and proportional. We find that proportional outcomes are slightly preferred and that these preferences are partly conditional on partisan considerations. In the end, however, people focus on the ultimate outcome, that is, who is likely to form the government. People are happy when their party has a plurality of seats and is therefore likely to form the government, and relatively unhappy otherwise. We end with a discussion of the merits and limits of our research design.
How to Read This Book: Jewish Lights Publishing and the Pragmatics of Spiritual Reading
Authors: Levites Arielle 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper considers how print culture was mobilized in the early 1990s to transmit spiritual beliefs, experiences, and emotions through an examination of the pragmatics of reading endorsed by Jewish Lights Publishing (founded in 1990). Using interviews, advertisements, internal memos, books, jacket copy, and reviews, this study reconstructs the ecology out of which Jewish Lights Publishing emerged, as well as the goals and assumptions about Judaism, Jews, and books that animated the creation of a new, and specifically spiritual, Jewish press. I argue that what makes Jewish Lights a spiritual press is not only the content and design of the books, but also the instructions the press offers for how to use the books it produces. This paper is not only about the production and circulation of spiritual Jewish books, but the production and circulation of beliefs about what spiritual Jewish books do for an imagined community of readers.
Do dietary patterns and morbidities have a relationship with primary infertility among women? A study from NFHS-4 (2015–16), India
Authors: Unisa Sayeed , Negi Kanchan , Pujari Sucharita , Chaurasia Vaishali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the rate of primary infertility and its associated factors among 402,807 currently married women aged 20–49 years in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015–2016. Dietary patterns and selected morbidities were included as independent variables, and socioeconomic variables were considered as covariates. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility and assess its association with the selected variables, respectively. The rate of primary infertility among currently married women in India in 2015–16 was 1.9% and this was significantly associated with younger age (<35 years), higher age at marriage (≥18 years), urban residence, higher secondary or above education and poverty. The consumption of dairy products (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.73–0.86), dark green leafy vegetables (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.39–0.81) and fruit (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.77–1.01) significantly reduced the odds of primary infertility. Daily consumption of fish and aerated drinks was related to 1.06–1.21 times higher odds of primary infertility. Overweight/obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose levels were associated with 1.08–1.21 times elevated odds of primary infertility. Thyroid disorder (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.21–1.60), heart disease (OR = 1.17, CI = 1.16–1.19) and severe anaemia (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.00–1.53) were associated with an increased likelihood of primary infertility among women (OR 1.17–1.39, CI 1.00–1.60). The findings provide compelling evidence that primary infertility among women is related to dietary patterns and morbidities. Interventions and programmes targeting the promotion of healthy diets and lifestyles could be beneficial in addressing the issue of primary infertility among women.
External auditory canal exostoses: long-term surgical satisfaction and its relationship with surgical complications
Authors: Costa J R , Castro A , Lino J , Soares T , Almeida e Sousa C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether complications related to surgery for exostoses are associated with a decrease in patients’ quality of life.

Methods
This was a retrospective study for which the following information was collected: sex, age, pre- and post-operative symptoms, pre- and post-operative audiological evaluation results, surgical approach, instruments used, complications, and Glasgow Benefit Inventory score.

Results
The study included 67 patients (94 ears). The three main complaints reported were wax retention, otitis externa and hearing loss. Surgical complications occurred in 14.9 per cent of patients. Patients experienced a significant benefit from surgery, especially in relation to somatic state, with a global Glasgow Benefit Inventory score of + 44.3. No significant difference was found between the global Glasgow Benefit Inventory changes and surgery-related complications (p = 0.093).

Conclusion
After surgery for exostoses, the vast majority of patients showed improvement. Complications related to surgery in general do not seem to influence patients’ satisfaction with surgery.
Congenital toxoplasmosis in humans: an update of worldwide rate of congenital infections
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Murata F. H. A. , Cerqueira-Cézar C. K. , Kwok O. C. H. , Villena I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe morbidity due to congenital toxoplasmosis in humans is very high. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms of clinical toxoplasmosis. Sequelae in fetus resulting from Toxoplasma gondii infections in women who become infected with this parasite during pregnancy can be devastating and enormous efforts are directed in some countries to prevent these consequences. Here, an update on congenital toxoplasmosis in humans, especially the rate of congenital infections in humans worldwide, is provided. Although several countries have surveillance programmes, most information on the rate of congenital transmission is from France and Brazil. Because of compulsory national screening programme in France to detect and treat women with recently acquired T. gondii infection with anti-toxoplasma therapy, the rate of congenital transmission and the severity of disease in children are declining. Infections by this parasite are widely prevalent in Brazil. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children is very high and may be associated with the genetic characteristics of T. gondii isolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil. Virtually little or no information is available on this topic from China, India and other countries in Asia.