bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model-based cost-utility analysis of multi-professional simulation training in obstetric emergencies
Authors: Yau Christopher Wai Hung , Lenguerrand Erik , Morris Steve , Draycott Tim , Pizzo Elena 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the cost-utility of a multi-professional simulation training programme for obstetric emergencies–Practical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training (PROMPT)–with a particular focus on its impact on permanent obstetric brachial plexus injuries (OBPIs).DesignA model-based cost-utility analysis.SettingMaternity units in England.PopulationSimulated cohorts of individuals affected by permanent OBPIs.MethodsA decision tree model was developed to estimate the cost-utility of adopting annual, PROMPT training (scenario 1a) or standalone shoulder dystocia training (scenario 1b) in all maternity units in England compared to current practice, where only a proportion of English units use the training programme (scenario 2). The time horizon was 30 years and the analysis was conducted from an English National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Services perspective. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to account for uncertainties in the model parameters.Main outcome measuresOutcomes for the entire simulated period included the following: total costs for PROMPT or shoulder dystocia training (including costs of OBPIs), number of OBPIs averted, number of affected adult/parental/dyadic quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and the incremental cost per QALY gained.ResultsNationwide PROMPT or shoulder dystocia training conferred significant savings (in excess of £1 billion ($1.5 billion)) compared to current practice, resulting in cost-savings of at least £1 million ($1.5 million) per any type of QALY gained. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated similar findings.ConclusionIn this model, national implementation of multi-professional simulation training for obstetric emergencies (or standalone shoulder dystocia training) in England appeared to both be cost-saving when evaluating their impact on permanent OBPIs.
The association of pregnancy control, emotions, and beliefs with pregnancy desires: A new perspective on pregnancy intentions
Authors: Manze Meredith G. , Romero Diana R. , De Prabal , Hartnett Josette , Roberts Lynn 
Published: March 2021

Context
Standard pregnancy intentions measures do not always align with how people approach pregnancy. Studies that have investigated beyond a binary framework found that those with “ambivalent” feelings towards pregnancy are less likely to use contraception consistently, but the reasons for this are unclear. We sought to gain a nuanced understanding of pregnancy desires, and how perceptions about pregnancy are associated with contraceptive use.

Methods
We used non-probability quota sampling based on sex, age, and geographic region for a web-based survey of heterosexual men and women, aged 21–44 years, who could become pregnant/impregnate and were not currently pregnant (n = 1,477; 51% female). The survey was created using unique items informed by recent literature. Bivariate and multivariable analyses explored relationships between various perceptions about pregnancy with pregnancy desires categorized as: wanting a pregnancy, not wanting a pregnancy, and not trying but would be okay with a pregnancy. We conducted a sub-group analysis of those who were not trying but would be okay with a pregnancy (n = 460), using descriptive statistics to examine how consistent contraceptive use was associated with emotions and beliefs about avoiding pregnancy.

Results
After adjustment, those who felt that pregnancy may not always be avoidable, but instead determined by fate/higher power, or a natural process that happens when it is meant to, were significantly more likely (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.05–3.36; aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.29–3.76, respectively) to report not trying but being okay with pregnancy, whereas those with negative feelings about a pregnancy were less likely to feel okay about a pregnancy (aOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.08–0.15), versus not wanting a pregnancy. In the sub-group analysis, those who felt pregnancy was determined by fate/higher power or a natural process were more likely to report not using contraception consistently (70%, 68%, respectively).

Conclusions
Those who state they are not trying but would be okay with pregnancy may not use contraception consistently because of beliefs that pregnancy is predetermined. Our findings support less categorical and more multidimensional approaches to measuring fertility intentions, with important implications for reproductive health service provision.
Correlation between choroidal structure and smoking in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Okawa Kazuyoshi , Inoue Tatsuya , Asaoka Ryo , Azuma Keiko , Obata Ryo , Arasaki Rei , Ikeda Shouko , Ito Arisa , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Yanagi Yasuo , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: March 2021

PurposeA smoking habit can cause various health problems encompassing retinal diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the choroidal structure in patients with CSC.MethodsThe choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated using the binarized OCT images. Baseline parameters (age, refractive error [SE], subfoveal choroidal thickness [SFCT] and CVI) were compared between smokers and non-smokers using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Moreover, the associations between SFCT and the baseline parameters were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression followed by the AICc model selection.ResultsAmong 75 CSC patients, 45 patients were smokers and 30 patients were non-smokers. No significant differences in age and SE were seen between the smoking group and the non-smoking group. A significant difference in the SFCT was seen between two groups (382.0 ± 68.2 μm in the smoking group vs. 339.3 ± 52.3 μm in the non-smoking group,p= 0.0038), while no significant difference was observed in the CVI (p= 0.32). The optimal model for SFCT included the variables of age, SE and past history of smoking among the baseline parameters. Additionally, increased pack years was associated with increased SFCT.ConclusionCigarette smoking was associated with an increased SFCT in patients with CSC. Thicker choroid in smoking CSC patients may be an important modulator of the disease.
Magnitude of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alene Muluneh , Yismaw Leltework , Assemie Moges Agazhe , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Mengist Belayneh , Kassie Bekalu , Birhan Tilahun Yemanu 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAsymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections are responsible for potentially significant transmission of COVID-19. Worldwide, a number of studies were conducted to estimate the magnitude of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. However, there is a need for more robust and well-designed studies to have a relevant public health intervention. Synthesis of the available studies significantly strengthens the quality of evidences for public health practice. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall magnitude of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course of infection using available evidences.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA checklist to present this study. Two experienced review authors (MA and DBK) were systematically searched international electronic databases for studies. We performed meta-analysis using R statistical software. The overall weighted proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course infection was computed. The pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals were presented using forest plot. Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias, and primary estimates were pooled using a random effects model. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assure the robustness of the result.ResultsA total of 28 studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Consequently, in the meta-analysis, a total of 6,071 COVID-19 cases were included. The proportion of asymptomatic infections among the included studies ranged from 1.4% to 78.3%. The findings of this meta-analysis showed that the weighted pooled proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases throughout the course of infection was 25% (95%CI: 16–38). The leave-one out result also revealed that the weighted pooled average of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was between 28% and 31.4%.ConclusionsIn conclusion, one-fourth of SARS-CoV-2 infections are remained asymptomatic throughout the course infection. Scale-up of testing, which targeting high risk populations is recommended to tackle the pandemic.
Development of a Technique and Method of Testing Aircraft Models with Turboprop Engine Simulators in a Small-scale Wind Tunnel - Results of Tests
Authors: Petrov A. V. , Stepanov Y. G. , Shmakov M. V. 
Published: March 2021

This report presents the results of experimental investigations into the interaction between the propellers (Ps) and the airframe of a twin-engine, twin-boom light transport aircraft with a Π-shaped tail. An analysis was performed of the forces and moments acting on the aircraft with rotating Ps. The main features of the methodology for windtunnel testing of an aircraft model with running Ps in TsAGI’s T-102 wind tunnel are outlined.The effect of 6-blade Ps slipstreams on the longitudinal and lateral aerodynamic characteristics as well as the effectiveness of the control surfaces was studied on the aircraft model in cruise and takeoff/landing configurations. The tests were conducted at flow velocities of V∞ = 20 to 50 m/s in the ranges of angles of attack α = -6 to 20 deg, sideslip angles of β = -16 to 16 deg and blade loading coefficient of B 0 to 2.8. For the aircraft of unusual layout studied, an increase in blowing intensity is shown to result in decreasing longitudinal static stability and significant asymmetry of the directional stability characteristics associated with the interaction between the Ps slipstreams of the same (left-hand) rotation and the empennage.
On the Effects of an Installed Propeller Slipstream on Wing Aerodynamic Characteristics
Authors: Catalano F. M. 
Published: March 2021

This work presents an experimental study of the effect of an installed propeller slipstream on a wing boundary layer. The main objective was to analyse through wind tunnel experiments the effect of the propeller slipstream on the wing boundary layer characteristics such as: laminar flow extension and transition, laminar separation bubbles and reattachment and turbulent separation. Two propeller/wing configurations were studied: pusher and tractor. Experimental work was performed using two different models: a two-dimensional wing with a central cylindrical nacelle for the tractor configuration, and a simple two-dimensional wing with a downstream propeller for the pusher tests. The relative position between propeller and wing could be changed in the pusher model, and a total of 7 positions were analysed. For the tractor tests the relative propeller/wing was fixed, but three different propellers: two, three and four bladed were tested. Measurements included pressure distribution, hot wire anemometry and boundary layer characteristics by flow visualisation. The results showed that the pusher propeller inflow affects the wing characteristics by changing the lift, drag, and also delays the boundary layer transition and separation. These effects are highly dependent on the relative position of the wing/propeller. On the other hand, the tractor propeller slipstream induces transition and its effect is dependent on the number of blades.
Geoinformatics Study at the Czech Technical University in Prague
Authors: Mervart L. , Čepek A. 
Published: March 2021

At the CTU in Prague, there is a long tradition of master degree courses in geodesy, geodetic surveying and cartography. Taking into account the fast development of information technologies in recent decades, we decided to prepare a new study program that would combine computer science with a background of geodetic and cartographic know-how. Apart from other sources, our plans were inspired and influenced by the Review of Education Needs, a report prepared by Stig Enemark (Prague 1998), and by our experience from several Virtual Academy workshops.We have decided to call this program „Geoinformatics“ to emphasize the role of computer technologies in collecting, analyzing and exploiting information about our planet. Within this presentation we will explain the basic ideas behind our new study program and emphasize the features that distinguish it from classical geodetic or cartographic programs. We will mention the connection between our new study program and several geodetic and software projects running at our institute - software development for real-time GPS applications, cooperation with the Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, on the development of so-called Bernese GPS Software, the GNU project Gama for adjustment of geodetic networks, etc.
Fictional names, their use and pragmatic interpretations
Authors: Puczyłowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to defend the view according to which all simple fictional sentences are meaningless. If their assertions seem to convey some truth evaluable information, and fictional sentences themselves seem to be true or false, it is because some pragmatic mechanisms are operative, enabling the expression of propositions not encoded in the semantic content of these sentences. According to some theorists, the mechanisms responsible for that process are the same as those responsible for generating conversational implicatures. I argue against that claim and maintain that to comprehend the information conveyed by a fictional assertion, one must determine what kind of fictional assertion it is and only then apply the relevant interpretative rule adjusted to the fictional sentence used in that act.
Esp. (y gall.-ptg.) buscar: una aproximación etimológica apoyada en los datos panrománicos
Authors: Georgescu Simona 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Pan-Romance analysis of Sp. buscar ~ provides sufficient data to reconstruct a Proto-Romance etymon */ˈbʊsk-a-/ ~ */ˈbusk-a-/ (assigned to Italo-Occidental continental Proto-Romance), whose meaning can be reconstructed as ‘to go into the forest’ (with various purposes). Although the meaning ‘to look for’ seems to be restricted to Ibero-Romance buscar, the other Romance reflexes show strong links with this semantic area. A considerable number of Gallo-Romance and Italo-Romance verbs carry the meanings ‘to hide’ as well as the opposite, ‘to chase (someone) from their refuge’, ‘un-cover’, and therefore, ‘dis-cover’. It is also possible to recover traces of a specialized use related to hunting outsides the boundaries of Ibero-Romance.
The possessive enclitics with kinship nouns in Italo-Romance and the possessive determiners in the Francoprovençal of Faeto
Authors: Russo Michela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the possessive constructions in Italo-Romance dialects compared with the possessive constructions of one Francoprovençal (Gallo-Romance) variety spoken in Faeto (Foggia, Apulia). Francoprovençal possessive constructions are at a first glance distinct from Central and Southern Italian possessive constructions, mainly since in Francoprovençal (as in French) possessive forms (clitics) are prenominal. In Central and Southern Italian dialects, we find instead a split possession: 1) postnominal enclitic possessives (weak possessive markers) associated with parental kinship nouns distinct from 2) prenominal possessives associated with common nouns and postnominal strong possessive forms. Crucially, I claim that enclitic possessives are inflexional affixes, that receive a structural word-internal linearization from the same external (syntactical) linearization identified for proclitic possessive markers (in Faeto). I retain that the distinction between postnominal weak enclitics in Italian dialects and Francoprovençal weak prenominal possessive constructions is based on the inalienability (parental kin nouns + enclitics in DP). All possessive clitics (proclitics and enclitics) show a common syntactic configuration and differ only in Distributed Morphology, according to a “late” feature insertion and operations after syntax. Indeed, the possessive determiners represent three different morphological spells out of the same syntactic object: the bundle of features [Person], [(Gender) Number], [Definite], generated in functional heads.
Potenziale einer Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration zur Unterstützung leistungsgewandelter Personen
Authors: Lottermoser Albrecht , Berger Julia , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deutschland ist zunehmend vom demografischen Wandel betroffen, weshalb Unternehmen vor wachsende Herausforderungen gestellt werden. Durch die Zunahme älter werdender Arbeitnehmer steigt besonders das Risiko langfristiger krankheitsbedingter Ausfälle. Um diese leistungsgewandelten Personen nach ihrer Rückkehr wieder an ihrem Arbeitsplatz einsetzen zu können, bedarf es an flexiblen Lösungen. Die Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration (MRK) bietet hierfür ein entsprechendes Potenzial.*)
Eine automatisierungsgerechte Anordnungsform von Montagesystemen
Authors: Schneider Markus , Büttner Konstantin , Ettengruber Tobias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Die fortschreitende Automatisierung von Logistikprozessen erreicht mittlerweile auch die Materialbereitstellung direkt am Arbeitsplatz. Gegenwärtige Montage-Anordnungsformen weisen eine Vielzahl an dezentralen Materialbereitstellpunkten auf und stellen somit eine Herausforderung bei Automatisierungsvorhaben dar. Deshalb wird eine inverse Anordnungsform mit zentraler logistischer Automatisierungskomponente aufgezeigt, welche die automatisierte Materialbereitstellung erleichtert.
Energieeffizienz als ein Ausdruck der Nachhaltigkeit produzierender Betriebe
Authors: Kohn Kerstin , Seyfried Stefan , Weyand Astrid , Weigold Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz stehen Unternehmen des produzierenden Gewerbes verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung zur Verfügung. Trotz einer hohen Anzahl möglicher Maßnahmen ist die Umsetzungsrate gering. Die Kenntnis von positiv wirkenden organisationalen Einflussfaktoren kann zur Realisierung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen unter dem Aspekt der Umsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien in Unternehmen beitragen. Die in diesem Beitrag beschriebenen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass interne Faktoren Einfluss auf Nachhaltigkeitsentscheidungen in Unternehmen haben. Mit diesem Wissen können Unternehmen Einflussfaktoren auf Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien bewusst steuern, um einen effizienten Einsatz von Energie sicherzustellen und somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Energieeffizienz sowie Nachhaltigkeit des Industriesektors zu leisten.*
Mit Gamification zu digitalen Technologien im Einkauf
Authors: Meyer Dennis , Straub Natalia , Ioannidis Philipp , Kaczmarek Sandra , Henke Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDer Einsatz digitaler Technologien hat das Potenzial die Effizienz und den Wertbeitrag des Einkaufs zu erhöhen. Zur Realisierung der Potenziale digitaler Technologien im Einkauf müssen die Kompetenzen der Beschäftigten im Einkauf jedoch gezielt entwickelt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie die innovative Kompetenzentwicklung in Form eines modularen Online-Kurses (MOOC) unter Einbezug von Gamification-Elementen effektiv und motivierend gestaltet werden kann.**
Exploring Political Bias in Captured Media: The Study of Local Press in Lithuania Using Computational Content Analysis Methods
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė , Vaiginytė Adelė 
Published: March 2021

The article presents an exploratory study of regional media content in Lithuania, carried out using computational content analysis methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the effects of media capture on media content. More specifically, it analyses if and how local government’s control over regional mass media leads to media bias. In addition, the research aims to test the methods of automatic content analysis for the texts in Lithuanian language. The article focuses on two local newspapers known for close relationships with local governments – Druskininkai newspaper “Mano Druskininkai” and Širvintos newspaper “Širvintų kraštas”. For comparative purposes, the local newspapers of four additional municipalities (Utena, Šilutė, Birštonas and Biržai) are added to the analysis. The data revealed two different mechanisms for consolidating political power through the politically controlled media: in one newspaper, the dominant technique is the promotion of the mayor as a person, while in the other it is the attack of political opponents.
A novel trench fibre push-out method to evaluate interfacial failure in long fibre composites
Authors: De Meyere Robin M. G. , Song Kay , Gale Louise , Harris Stephen , Edmonds Ian M. , Marrow Thomas J. , Saiz Eduardo , Giuliani Finn , Armstrong David E. J. , Gavaldà-Diaz Oriol 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraditional fibre push-outs for the evaluation of interfacial properties in long fibre ceramic matrix composites present their limitations—solutions for which are addressed in this work by introducing the novel trench push-out test. The trench push-out makes use of a FIB milling system and an SEM in-situ nanoindenter to probe a fibre pushed into a trench underneath, allowing in-situ observations to be directly correlated with micromechanical events. SiCf/BN/SiC composites—candidate material for turbine engines—were used as model materials in this work. Different fibre types (Hi-Nicalon and Tyranno type SA3) were coated with BN interphases, presenting mean interfacial shear stresses of 14 ± 7 MPa and 20 ± 2 MPa, respectively, during fibre sliding. The micromechanical technique enabled visualisation of how defects in the interphase (voids, inclusions & milled notches) or in the fibre (surface asperities, non-uniform coatings) affected the variability of interfacial property measurement.Graphic abstract
SEKTÖR-ÜLKE AÇISINDAN İHRACAT ÇEŞİTLENDİRMESİ VE İHRACATI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: BOLAT Melisa , KAPLAN Fatih 
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’nin sektörel ihracatının ülke bazında çeşitlendirmesi ve
sektörel ihracatını etkileyen temel faktörlerin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin
sektörel ihracatının ülke bazında çeşitlendirmesinde Entropi Endeksi, sektörel ihracatını etkileyen
temel faktörlerin belirlenmesinde Poisson Pseudo Maksimum Olabilirlik (PPML) yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 2010-2019 dönemine ait SITC Rev4 haneli düzey 1'de sınıflandırılan 10
sektörü kapsayan toplam ihracat verileri, Türkiye ve ithalatçı ülkelerin Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasılası
(GSYİH), ithalatçı ülkelerin Türkiye'den uzaklıkları, Türkiye'nin reel döviz kuru endeksi yıllık panel
verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çeşitlendirme analizine göre son yıllarda ihracat yapılan 10 sektörün
8’inde ülke çeşitlendirmesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama ihracat menzili arttıkça, ortalama
ihracat çeşitlilik endeksinin de arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. PPML analizi sonucunda ise Türkiye’nin
sektörel ihracatının, ihracat partneri olan ülkenin GSYİH ile ülkeler arası uzaklığa duyarlı olduğu,
reel döviz kur endeksi ile Türkiye’nin GSYİH’nin etkisinin sektörel bazda değiştiği sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır