bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of SRY‐box 30 as an age‐related essential gatekeeper for male germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation
Authors: Han Fei , Yin Li , Jiang Xiao , Zhang Xi , Zhang Ning , Yang Jun‐tang , Ouyang Wei‐ming , Hao Xiang‐lin , Liu Wen‐bin , Huang Yong‐sheng , Chen Hong‐qiang , Gao Fei , Li Zhong‐tai , Guo Qiao‐nan , Cao Jia , Liu Jin‐yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough important factors governing the meiosis have been reported in the embryonic ovary, meiosis in postnatal testis remains poorly understood. Herein, we first report that SRY‐box 30 (Sox30) is an age‐related and essential regulator of meiosis in the postnatal testis. Sox30‐null mice exhibited uniquely impaired testis, presenting the abnormal arrest of germ‐cell differentiation and irregular Leydig cell proliferation. In aged Sox30‐null mice, the observed testicular impairments were more severe. Furthermore, the germ‐cell arrest occurred at the stage of meiotic zygotene spermatocytes, which is strongly associated with critical regulators of meiosis (such as Cyp26b1, Stra8 and Rec8) and sex differentiation (such as Rspo1, Foxl2, Sox9, Wnt4 and Ctnnb1). Mechanistically, Sox30 can activate Stra8 and Rec8, and inhibit Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 by direct binding to their promoters. A different Sox30 domain required for regulating the activity of these gene promoters, providing a “fail‐safe” mechanism for Sox30 to facilitate germ‐cell differentiation. Indeed, retinoic acid levels were reduced owing to increased degradation following the elevation of Cyp26b1 in Sox30‐null testes. Re‐expression of Sox30 in Sox30‐null mice successfully restored germ‐cell meiosis, differentiation and Leydig cell proliferation. Moreover, the restoration of actual fertility appeared to improve over time. Consistently, Rec8 and Stra8 were reactivated, and Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 were reinhibited in the restored testes. In summary, Sox30 is necessary, sufficient and age‐associated for germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in testes by direct regulating critical regulators. This study advances our understanding of the regulation of germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in the postnatal testis.
Colour stability of sectional laminate veneers: A laboratory study
Authors: Elter B , Aladağ A , Çömlekoğlu ME , Dündar Çömlekoğlu M , Kesercioğlu Aİ 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the colour stability of sectional laminate veneers (SLVs) fabricated with four and cemented with two different materials.MethodsEighty SLVs were prepared with a thickness of 0.2–0.4 mm from IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate, CEREC Blocs and IPS InLine and were cemented with Variolink Veneer and Variolink N to form eight groups (n:10). After cementation, specimens underwent 5000 thermocyles prior to immersion in a coffee solution.ResultsColour change before and after thermal cycling did not reveal significant differences (P > 0.05). After coffee immersion, significant colour change was observed in all groups (P > 0.05). Only IPS InLine cemented with Variolink Veneer was considered clinically acceptable (∆E < 3.3). According to observer scorings, marginal discolouration was higher in Lava Ultimate, while no discolouration was observed in IPS InLine. Dual or light‐curing resin cements showed insignificant differences.ConclusionsSLVs fabricated with different aesthetic materials underwent perceptible (∆E > 3.3) discolouration except for the IPS InLine cemented with light‐curing resin cement. Cementation with either dual‐curing or light‐curing resin cements does not by itself affect colour stability. The highest marginal discolouration was in the Lava Ultimate group while no discolouration was detected in the IPS InLine group.
Phylogenetic relationships of picture‐winged flies of the tribe Pterocallini (Diptera: Ulidiidae) inferred from a morphological analysis
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana C O , Wendt Lisiane D , de Carvalho Claudio J B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPterocallini is one of the largest tribes within Ulidiidae, with more than 130 species described in 27 genera. The great majority of Pterocallini species are endemic to the Neotropics. They are characterised by the wings pictured with dark patterns, but some species of Pterocallini also are recognised by some extraordinary forms of sexual dimorphism, such as stalked eyes. In this study, we propose the first hypothesis of internal relationship of the tribe and tested the monophyly of some of the genera of Pterocallini. Our matrix consisted of 86 morphological characters and 58 terminal taxa that were sampled from 21 genera of Pterocallini and four outgroup genera. We performed a parsimony analysis under implied weighting of the characters, which resulted in one maximum parsimonious tree. Our findings corroborate some of the preceding non‐phylogenetic hypotheses of sister relationships within Pterocallini. Our analysis supported the monophyly of the genera Aciuroides, Lathrostigma, Neoacanthoneura, Neomyennis, Plagiocephalus, Pseudopterocalla, Rhyparella, Terpnomyia and Xanthacrona but did not support natural groupings of Apterocerina, Dasymetopa, Megalaemyia, Paragorgopis, Pterocalla and Pterocerina species.
Participation in future planning by community‐dwelling older Australians receiving aged care services: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Hobden Breanne , Waller Amy , Clapham Matthew , Sanson‐Fisher Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine in a sample of older community‐dwelling adults: (1) the proportion who have engaged in medical and financial planning; (2) the factors associated with advance care directive (ACD) completion and substitute decision maker (SDM) appointment; and (3) for those without an ACD, what might prompt completion.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was undertaken with individuals receiving community aged care services in metropolitan and regional communities. Data collection was conducted by case managers during a home visit.ResultsOverall, 158 individuals (M = 78 years, SD = 8.7) participated (53.5% consent rate). Financial planning participation (will = 85%; enduring power of attorney = 66%) was higher than medical planning participation (SDM: 54%; ACD: 30%). No health status factors were significantly associated with ACD completion or SDM appointment. Diagnosis of a life‐limiting illness was most likely to prompt ACD completion (77.6%).ConclusionsOne third of older people residing in the community have completed an ACD. Strategies to improve uptake in this vulnerable population require further exploration.
Conventional supportive cancer care services in Australia: A national service mapping study (The CIA study)
Authors: Pinkham Elizabeth P. , Teleni Laisa , Nixon Jodie L. , McKinnel Emma , Brown Bena , Joseph Ria , Wishart Laurelie R. , Miller Elizabeth , Ward Elizabeth C. , Hart Nicolas H. , Lock Gemma , Hanley Brigid , Chan Raymond J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimCancer and its treatment produce significant acute and long‐term adverse effects in cancer survivors, resulting in a range of supportive cancer care needs across the disease trajectory. To enhance supportive cancer care in Australia, this study sought to understand and describe conventional services offered nationwide, specific to their structure (ownership, setting, duration), process (participants, delivery mode, referral pathways), and outcomes (evaluation).MethodsA survey canvassing 13 conventional supportive cancer care interventions was electronically distributed to 265 cancer organizations in all Australian states and territories over 2019 and 2020. Cancer organizations were invited to participate if they provided at least one cancer‐directed treatment (ie, surgery, radiation therapy, or systemic therapies); or clinical cancer care to adults, adolescents, or children; or conventional supportive care interventions to cancer survivors.ResultsA response rate of 46% (n = 123/265) was achieved, with 72% of cancer organizations (n = 88) delivering at least one intervention. Most were provided as outpatient or inpatient services, with few at home (<13%) or via telehealth (<10%). Psychological therapy (90%), self‐care (82%), exercise (77%), healthy eating (69%), and lymphedema (69%) services were most common. Fatigue management (51%) and pelvic health (32%) were less common. Services offering massage, return‐to‐work, cognitive therapy, sleep hygiene, and leisure were underrepresented (<31%).ConclusionProvision of conventional supportive cancer care services continues to evolve in Australia. Multiple areas of care require development of dedicated services to address supportive cancer care intervention shortfalls across the country. Online resources and telemedicine are currently underutilized modalities that are available for further development.
Artificial intelligence for detecting electrolyte imbalance using electrocardiography
Authors: Kwon Joon‐myoung , Jung Min‐Seung , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Jo Yong‐Yeon , Shin Jae‐Hyun , Cho Yong‐Hyeon , Lee Yoon‐Ji , Ban Jang‐Hyeon , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Lee Soo Youn , Park Jinsik , Oh Byung‐Hee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe detection and monitoring of electrolyte imbalance is essential for appropriate management of many metabolic diseases; however, there is no tool that detects such imbalances reliably and noninvasively. In this study, we developed a deep learning model (DLM) using electrocardiography (ECG) for detecting electrolyte imbalance and validated its performance in a multicenter study.Methods and ResultsThis retrospective cohort study included two hospitals: 92,140 patients who underwent a laboratory electrolyte examination and an ECG within 30 min were included in this study. A DLM was developed using 83,449 ECGs of 48,356 patients; the internal validation included 12,091 ECGs of 12,091 patients. We conducted an external validation with 31,693 ECGs of 31,693 patients from another hospital, and the result was electrolyte imbalance detection. During internal, the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) of a DLM using a 12‐lead ECG for detecting hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia were 0.945, 0.866, 0.944, 0.885, 0.905, and 0.901, respectively. The values during external validation of the AUC of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia were 0.873, 0.857, 0.839, 0.856, 0.831, and 0.813 respectively. The DLM helped to visualize the important ECG region for detecting each electrolyte imbalance, and it showed how the P wave, QRS complex, or T wave differs in importance in detecting each electrolyte imbalance.ConclusionThe proposed DLM demonstrated high performance in detecting electrolyte imbalance. These results suggest that a DLM can be used for detecting and monitoring electrolyte imbalance using ECG on a daily basis.
Minimally invasive versus open right anterior sectionectomy and central hepatectomy for central liver malignancies: a propensity‐score‐matched analysis
Authors: Chin Ken Min , Linn Yun‐Le , Cheong Chin Kai , Koh Ye‐Xin , Teo Jin‐Yao , Chung Alexander Y. F. , Chan Chung Yip , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of minimally‐invasive liver resection (MILR) for deep centrally located tumours (CLT) remains controversial. We aimed to review our institution's experience and outcomes with minimally invasive central hepatectomy (CH) and right anterior sectionectomy (RAS) for CLT in a propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis.MethodsRetrospective review of a prospectively maintained surgical database revealed 23 patients who underwent MILR (6 CH, 17 RAS) and 53 patients who underwent open liver resection (OLR; 24 CH, 29 RAS) for CLT. PSM in a 1:1 ratio identified two groups of patients with similar baseline clinicopathological characteristics. Peri‐operative outcomes were then compared.ResultsThere was one laparoscopic‐assisted, one robot‐assisted and two laparoscopic‐converted‐open procedures in the MILR cohort. Across the unmatched cohort, there was only one mortality (MILR) and five patients with major morbidity (all OLR). MILR was associated with a longer operating time (P < 0.001), but shorter post‐operative hospital stay (P = 0.002) and decreased morbidity (P = 0.018) in the unmatched cohort. Examination of peri‐operative outcomes after PSM revealed that MILR was similarly associated with a longer operating time (P = 0.001) and shortened post‐operative hospital stay (P = 0.043). OLR was associated with a significantly reduced application of Pringle manoeuvre (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between MILR and OLR with regards to blood loss, blood transfusions, morbidity and margin status in the PSM analysis.ConclusionMILR for CLT is safe and feasible when performed by experienced surgeons. It is associated with shorter hospital stays but at the expense of longer operation times and more frequent application of Pringle manoeuver.
Validated specialty‐specific models for multi‐disciplinary microsurgery training laboratories: a systematic review
Authors: Crouch Gareth , Wong Gerald , Hong Jonathan , Varey Alex , Haddad Roger , Wang Zane Zhanxiang , Wykes James , Koutalistras Nick , Clark Jonathan R. , Solomon Michael , Bannon Paul , McBride Kate E. , Ch'ng Sydney 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory simulation is increasingly important for teaching microsurgical skills. Training microsurgeons of different specialties within the same simulation laboratory increases efficiency of resource use. For maximal benefit, simulations should be available for trainees to practice specialty‐specific, higher‐order skills. Selection of appropriate simulations requires knowledge of the efficacy and validity of the numerous described laboratory models. Here we present a systematic review of validated training models that may serve as useful adjuncts to achieving competency in specialty elements of microsurgery, and appraise the evidence behind them.MethodsIn setting up a multi‐disciplinary microsurgery training course, we performed a systematic review according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched for studies describing validated, microscope‐based, specialty‐specific simulations, and awarded a level of evidence and level of recommendation based on a modified Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine classification.ResultsA total of 141 papers describing specialty‐specific microsimulation models were identified, 49 of which included evidence of validation. Eleven were in the field of neurosurgery, 21 in otolaryngology/head and neck surgery, two in urology/gynaecology and 15 plastic and reconstructive surgery. These papers described synthetic models in 19 cases, cadaveric animals in 10 cases, live animals in 12 cases and human cadaveric material in 10 cases.ConclusionNumerous specialty‐specific models for use in the microscope laboratory are available, but the quality of evidence for them is poor. Provision of models that span numerous specialties may encourage use of a microscope lab whilst still enabling more specific skills training over a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach.
Three‐year outcome of sulcus fixation of Baerveldt glaucoma implant surgery
Authors: Mori Sotaro , Sotani Noriyuki , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Kurimoto Takuji , Yamada‐Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3‐year surgical outcome of the sulcus fixation of Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI), focusing on corneal damage.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 37 patients who underwent a median of two previous glaucoma surgeries and sulcus fixation of BGI for the first time. Each patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma drug score, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and logMAR‐converted best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively until 36 months after surgery. Complete success was defined as reduced IOP (5–21 mmHg and >20% rate), without corneal damage (postoperative development of decompensation, unmeasurable ECD, or reduction in ECD of >20%), without loss of light perception, and without additional surgery requirement. Qualified success was defined by excluding the corneal criteria from complete success.ResultsA total of 51% (19/37) patients experienced complete treatment success, whereas 86% (32/37) had qualified success. The median IOP (glaucoma drug score) decreased from 26 mmHg (5) to 15 mmHg (2) at three years postoperatively. The median postoperative ECD (reduction rate) decreased from 1838 cells/cm2 preoperatively to 1587 cells/mm2 (14%) at one year, 1358 cells/mm2 (26%) at two years, and 1228 cells/mm2 (33%) at three years postoperatively. One month after surgery, the VA was significantly reduced from preoperative values but did not decline after that.ConclusionSulcus fixation of BGI was effective for IOP reduction. However, ECD decreased over time.
Semiparametric estimation of the nonmixture cure model with auxiliary survival information
Authors: Han Bo , Van Keilegom Ingrid , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith rapidly increasing data sources, statistical methods that make use of external information are gradually becoming popular tools in medical research. In this article, we efficiently synthesize the auxiliary survival information and propose a semiparametric estimation method for the combined empirical likelihood in the framework of the nonmixture cure model, to enhance inference about the associations between exposures and disease outcomes. The auxiliary survival probabilities from external sources are first summarized as unbiased estimation equations, which help produce more efficient estimates of the effects of interest and improve the prediction accuracy for the risk of the event. Then we develop a Bernstein‐based sieve empirical likelihood method to estimate the parametric and nonparametric components simultaneously. Such an estimation procedure allows us to reduce the computation burden while preserving the shape constraint on the baseline distribution function. The resulting estimators for the true associations are strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. Instead of collecting substantial exposure data, the auxiliary survival information at multiple time points is incorporated, which further reduces the mean squared error of the estimators. This contributes to biomarker evaluation and treatment effect analysis within smaller studies. We show how to choose the number of auxiliary survival probabilities appropriately and provide a guideline for practical applications. Simulation studies demonstrate that the estimators enjoy large gains in efficiency. A melanoma dataset is analyzed for illustrating the methodology.
Bone marrow involvement and subclonal diversity impairs detection of mutated CXCR4 by diagnostic next‐generation sequencing in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Gustine Joshua N. , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Liu Xia , Kofides Amanda , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Munshi Manit , Demos Maria , Guerrera Maria L. , Meid Kirsten , Patterson Christopher J. , Sarosiek Shayna , Branagan Andrew R. , Hunter Zachary R. , Castillo Jorge J. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCXCR4 mutations impact disease presentation and treatment outcomes in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM). Non‐uniform testing for CXCR4 mutations may account for discordant findings in WM clinical trials. We compared two approaches used in these trials for detection of the most common CXCR4 (S338X) variant: targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using unselected bone marrow (BM) samples, and combined allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) and Sanger sequencing with unselected and CD19‐selected BM samples. Our findings showed that targeted NGS frequently yielded false‐negative results. Both CD19 selection and AS‐PCR markedly improved detection of CXCR4S338X mutations. Sensitivity was adversely impacted by low BM involvement and CXCR4 mutation clonality.
Aberrant multimodal brain networks in patients with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Duan Yunyun , Zhang Tian , Huang Jing , Ren Zhuoqiong , Ye Jing , Wang Ningkai , Li Yinzhi , Chen Xiaoya , Gao Peiyi , Li Kuncheng , Liu Yaou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore large‐scale brain network alterations and examine their clinical and neuropsychological relevance in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in our study. Based on the multimodal MRI dataset, individual morphological, structural, and functional brain networks were constructed and compared between the two groups at multiple levels. The associations with clinical/neuropsychological variables and the discriminant ability of significant alterations were further studied.ResultsMultimodal network analysis revealed that anti‐NMDAR encephalitis mainly affected morphological and structural networks, but subtle alterations were observed in functional networks. Intriguingly, decreased network local efficiency was observed for both morphological and structural networks and increased nodal centrality in the lateral orbital gyrus was convergently observed among the three types of networks in the patients. Moreover, the alterations, particularly those from structural networks, accounted largely for cognitive deficits of the patients and could distinguish the diseased individuals from the HCs with excellent performance (area under the curve =0.933).ConclusionsThe current study provides a comprehensive view of characteristic multimodal network dysfunction in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, which is crucial to establish new diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the disease.
The Confucian concept of human dignity and its implications for bioethics
Authors: Li Yaming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman dignity is a crucial concept in contemporary ethical, political and legal studies. However, people have different, even opposite understandings of human dignity, which has caused lots of confusion in related discourses. The Confucian notion of human dignity provides an important perspective for reflecting various theories of human dignity. In Confucian ethics, the basis of human dignity is the moral potential that every human being naturally has. Moral potential grants everyone universal dignity, while the development of moral potential grants people acquired dignity. Since all human beings have moral potential to the same extent, everyone owns universal dignity equally. Different people develop their moral potential to different extents. One’s acquired dignity is positively associated with the development of her moral potential. Universal dignity is a moral status but acquired dignity is not. To pursue acquired dignity is the moral demand of universal dignity and protects people’s universal dignity. Confucian discussions on human dignity provide not only a way to justify the equality of human moral status, but also a way to justify the moral obligation of protecting and developing human nature, thereby constituting a reliable theoretical basis for coping with ethical issues caused by biomedical technologies today.