bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluronic‐loaded Silver Nanoparticles/Photosensitizers Nanohybrids: Influence of the Polymer Chain Length on Metal‐enhanced Photophysical Properties
Authors: Mota Danielle Ramos , Lima Giovanni Alexsander Silva , de Oliveira Hueder Paulo Moisés , Pellosi Diogo Silva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incredibly versatile nanostructures that more recently have been exploited to create advanced optoelectronic materials due enhancement of local magnetic field after its irradiation. However, the use of AgNPs as nanoantennas to amplify photophysical properties of close photosensitizer (PS) molecules in photodynamic therapy is still underexplored. The reason for that is the difficulty to control crucial parameters such as silver‐PS distance in aqueous solution. In this scenario, here we propose a nanohybrid system where AgNP/PS distance is controlled by a thin layer of different Pluronic copolymers. The controllable distance and aqueous stability of proposed nanohybrids allow a tunable enhancement of fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation of some selected PS molecules. A detailed mechanism investigation demonstrated that the observed metal‐enhanced photophysics is due to magnetic field enhancement close to AgNP surface (AgNP/PS distance‐controlled effect) and the resonant coupling of AgNP hot electrons and HOMO‐LUMO energies of the PS (AgNP/PS spectral overlap‐controlled effect). These results show that the rational design in engineering new nanohybrid structures allowed photophysical improvement of PS molecules in aqueous solution in a tunable way and point out Pluronic‐based AgNP/PS nanohybrids as a smart material for further developments aiming at theranostic applications in photodynamic therapy.
Race, representation, and policy attitudes in U.S. public schools
Authors: Keiser Lael R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. , Darolia Rajeev 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNumerous institutions, such as the police, public schools, legislatures, and the courts face criticism for a lack of diversity and representation. According to various political theorists, the lack of representation of marginalized groups in public institutions worsens citizen attitudes. In response, some advocate for increasing passive representation within public institutions. However, different schools of thought exist about whether increasing representation of minorities is a zero‐sum game and worsens attitudes of historical majorities. We generate and test two hypotheses from these competing perspectives. We employ data from a national survey of students’ attitudes toward the fairness of school discipline using measures that match the different mechanisms found in theory. We find evidence that passive representation for African Americans predicts perceptions of fairness and corresponds to improved, rather than worsened, attitudes for whites. This supports the arguments of Mosher, and others, that increasing the representation of groups enhances legitimacy among the polity as a whole and is not zero‐sum.
The aquaponic principle—It is all about coupling
Authors: Baganz Gösta F. M. , Junge Ranka , Portella Maria C. , Goddek Simon , Keesman Karel J. , Baganz Daniela , Staaks Georg , Shaw Christopher , Lohrberg Frank , Kloas Werner 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aquaponic principle is the coupling of animal aquaculture (e.g. fish) with plant production (e.g. vegetables) for saving resources. At present, various definitions of aquaponics exist, some bearing the risk of misinterpretation by dismissing the original meaning or being contradictory. In addition, there is no standard terminology for the aspects of coupling between the aquaponic subsystems. In this study, we addressed both issues. (1) We developed new or revised definitions that are summarised by: Aquaponic farming comprises aquaponics (which couples tank‐based animal aquaculture with hydroponics) and trans‐aquaponics, which extends aquaponics to tankless aquaculture as well as non‐hydroponics plant cultivation methods. Within our conceptual system, the term aquaponics corresponds to the definitions of FAO and EU. (2) A system analysis approach was utilised to explore different aquaponic setups aiming to better describe the way aquaponic subsystems are connected. We introduced the new terms ‘coupling type’ and ‘coupling degree’, where the former qualitatively characterises the water‐mediated connections of aquaponic subsystems. A system with on‐demand nutrient water supply for the independent operating plant cultivation is an ‘on‐demand coupled system’ and we propose to deprecate the counterintuitive term ‘decoupled system’ for this coupling type. The coupling degree comprises a set of parameters to quantitatively determine the coupling's efficiency of internal streams, for example, water and nutrients. This new framework forms a basis for improved communication, provides a uniform metric for comparing aquaponic facilities, and offers criteria for facility optimisation. In future system descriptions, it will simplify evaluation of the coupling's contribution to sustainability of aquaponics.
Sinuous bar fingers of digitate shallow‐water deltas: Insights into their formative processes and deposits from integrating morphological and sedimentological studies with mathematical modelling
Authors: Xu Zhenhua , Plink‐Björklund Piret , Wu Shenghe , Liu Zhao , Feng Wenjie , Zhang Ke , Yang Zheng , Zhong Yacong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper helps to address the growing need to resolve the severe loss of deltaic lands by providing a new understanding for shallow‐water digitate delta growth. The integration of satellite image analysis of modern deltas, field studies of the Ganjiang Delta in the Poyang Lake and ‘Delft3D’ simulations further results in improved facies models for shallow‐water digitate deltas. These analyses show that shallow‐water digitate delta bar fingers are sinuous in contrast to the straight deep‐water digitate delta bar fingers. These differences are assigned to the effect of water depth on outflow hydraulics, where friction‐dominated shallow‐water delta effluents promote mouth bar deposition that then divert flow around the mouth bar, resulting in the formation of sinuous bar fingers. These effects are further strengthened by the meandering of the shallow‐water jet that increases lateral sediment transport, and by the higher flow resistance and lower gradient of the shallow‐water outflows. Our data and analyses further show differences in the morphology and deposits of the shallow‐water sinuous bar fingers, where some bar fingers develop sinuous and others meandering (with point bars) distributary channels. Lateral channel migration and point bar formation (meandering) occur as a secondary process that does not change the shape or width of the bar fingers themselves, and is suggested to be a function of slight initial differences in channel sinuosity. These differences in distributary channel morphology have a strong effect on bar finger facies distribution. Sediment cohesion is another important control on bar finger bending processes, because high cohesion promotes formation of enclosed bays, where their bank strength exceeds the centrifugal force of water flow. Lower sediment cohesion results in sinuous bar fingers without formation of enclosed bays. This work provides insights into natural and artificial shallow‐water digitate delta growth and provides new quantitative facies models for shallow‐water digitate deltas.
The role of the Home Literacy Environment for children's linguistic and socioemotional competencies development in the early years
Authors: Wirth Astrid , Ehmig Simone C. , Niklas Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoth linguistic and socioemotional competencies develop in early childhood in the context of children's learning environments at home and during interactions with their parents. To support linguistic competencies, the Home Literacy Environment (HLE) and shared reading routines play a crucial role. In turn, research also indicates associations between the HLE and children's socioemotional development. Based on a sample of N = 132 children with an average age of M = 37 months (SD = 4.00) at t1, this longitudinal study aimed at investigating the role of the HLE for the development of children's linguistic and socioemotional competencies in the early years. Children's receptive and expressive linguistic abilities were assessed with standardized tests and educators and parents reported on the HLE and shared reading routines, as well as children's socioemotional competencies and problem behavior three times across 1 year. In a structural equation model, children's HLE was a significant predictor of children's socioemotional competencies and problem behavior via linguistic abilities. Consequently, children's HLE and parental shared reading habits may be a good target for interventions to support young children's socioemotional learning by contributing to their linguistic development.
A molecular phylogeny of the parasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae) with descriptions of three new genera
Authors: Quicke Donald L. J. , Fagan‐Jeffries Erinn P. , Jasso‐Martínez Jovana M. , Zaldívar‐Riverón Alejandro , Shaw Mark R. , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Smith M. Alex , Hebert Paul D. N. , Hrcek Jan , Miller Scott , Sharkey Michael J. , Shaw Scott R. , Butcher Buntika A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Rogadinae is presented for 469 species in 52 genera representing all tribes and subtribes. The data comprise cytochromecoxidase I sequences (DNA barcodes), together with a broad representation of 28S rDNA D2‐D3 expansion region, EF1‐αgene and 16S rDNA fragments. To test monophyly, most genera were represented by multiple species. The analysis of the complete dataset recovered a monophyletic Rogadinae with low support. All six tribes were recovered as monophyletic with the following relationships: (Rogadini, (Stiropiini, (Clinocentrini, (Betylobraconini, [Yeliconini, Aleiodini])))). Three new genera are recognized:AfrorogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesAfrorogas copelandiQuickesp.n.) for a mainland Afrotropical species;AmanirogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesAmanirogas isolatusQuickesp.n.), previously treated as aRogasspecies from Tanzania; andPapuarogasQuickegen.n.(type speciesP.dameniQuickesp.n.), for species from Papua New Guinea.IporhogasGranger is synonymized withTroporhogasCameron. The African generaMyoporhogasBrues,Scoporogasvan Achterberg and the endemic New Zealand genusRhinoprotomavan Achterberg are synonymized withAleiodes. A formal diagnosis of the Aleiodini Muesebeck is provided for the first time.This published work has been registered on ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F24DC64C‐54B7‐45DA‐AB8E‐52DC3E34545C
Molecular phylogeny and classification of Nudariina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) with emphasis on the genera Barsine Walker, Ammatho Walker and Ovipennis Hampson
Authors: Huang Si‐Yao , Volynkin Anton V. , Miao Zhi‐Peng , Tan Shun‐Yun , Wang Min , Fan Xiao‐Ling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe provide the first multi‐locus molecular phylogeny of the lichen moth genus Barsine Walker and related genera, focussing on the recently revised Ammatho Walker and Ovipennis Hampson. One mitochondrial (cytochromec oxidase subunit I) and three nuclear (EF‐1α, RpS5 and Wg) genes were sequenced for 114 taxa representing most of the known members from these genera, sourced mainly from continental East Asia. Phylogenetic topologies obtained from maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were generally congruent. Based on these results, we propose the four genus‐groups: the Melanaema, Asuridia, Miltochrista and Asura groups. The following genera are described: Longarsine gen.n., Callidarsine gen.n., Fangclia gen.n. and Micrarsine gen.n. The following subgenera are raised to genera: Ammathella stat.n., Striatella stat.n., Conicornuta stat.n., Delineatia stat.n., Composine stat.n., Barsipennis stat.n., Coccinigripennis stat.n. and Processine stat.n. The following genera and combinations are restored: Idopterum stat.rev., Nebulene stat.rev. and Ovipennis postalba comb.rev. The genus Hampsonascia is synonymized with Sesapa (Sesapa).
Complications of traditional bonesetting in contemporary fracture care in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Onyemaechi Ndubuisi O. , Menson William Nii Ayitey , Goodman Xan , Slinkard Samantha , Onwujekwe Obinna E. , Enweani Ugochukwu N. , Nwankwo Okechukwu E. , Nwomeh Benedict C. , Nwariaku Fiemu E. , Ezeanolue Echezona E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of the evidence on the prevalence and pattern of complications among patients treated by traditional bonesetting presenting for modern orthopaedic services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science using the keywords “fracture care”, “traditional bonesetters” and “complications”. Papers included for review were original articles set in an LMIC that directly reported the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal complications of traditional bonesetters’ fracture treatment in LMIC settings.ResultsA total of 176 papers were screened for eligibility and 15 studies were finally included. Nine were prospective studies, six were retrospective studies. All were hospital‐based, observational studies that investigated the outcomes of treatment of fractures by traditional bonesetters published between 1986 and 2018. In total, this review covers 1389 participants with 1470 complications of fracture treatment.ConclusionTraditional bonesetting complications are associated with significant morbidity. However, traditional bonesetters have the potential to contribute positively to primary fracture care when they are trained.
Manipulating assimilate availability provides insight into the genes controlling grain size in sorghum
Authors: Tao Yongfu , Trusov Yuri , Zhao Xianrong , Wang Xuemin , Cruickshank Alan W. , Hunt Colleen , van Oosterom Erik J. , Hathorn Adrian , Liu Guoquan , Godwin Ian D. , Botella Jose R. , Mace Emma S. , Jordan David R. 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYVariation in grain size, a major determinant of grain yield and quality in cereal crops, is determined by both the plant’s genetic potential and the available assimilate to fill the grain in the absence of stress. This study investigated grain size variation in response to variation in assimilate supply in sorghum using a diversity panel (n = 837) and a backcross‐nested association mapping population (n = 1421) across four experiments. To explore the effects of genetic potential and assimilate availability on grain size, the top half of selected panicles was removed at anthesis. Results showed substantial variation in five grain size parameters with high heritability. Artificial reduction in grain number resulted in a general increase in grain weight, with the extent of the increase varying across genotypes. Genome‐wide association studies identified 44 grain size quantitative trait locus (QTL) that were likely to act on assimilate availability and 50 QTL that were likely to act on genetic potential. This finding was further supported by functional enrichment analysis and co‐location analysis with known grain number QTL and candidate genes. RNA interference and overexpression experiments were conducted to validate the function of one of the identified gene, SbDEP1, showing that SbDEP1 positively regulates grain number and negatively regulates grain size by controlling primary branching in sorghum. Haplotype analysis of SbDEP1 suggested a possible role in racial differentiation. The enhanced understanding of grain size variation in relation to assimilate availability presented in this study will benefit sorghum improvement and have implications for other cereal crops.
Industrial plans, export destinations and product quality
Authors: Dong Jiemiao , Mi Yinxia , Yu Zhuangxiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the links between policy support, export destinations and product quality. Depending on the export industry and target destination (policy support, income level), the theories suggest a competing relationship between policy support and high‐income exporting on quality upgrading. Consistent with the notion that policy support only matters when exporting to low‐income destinations, empirical results show that policy support improves exporters’ product quality and mitigates the inefficiency of the quality valuation mechanism when exporting to low‐income countries, but reduces product quality by distorting the quality valuation mechanism when exporting to high‐income countries. These results are robust within different measures of policy support and product quality. Heterogeneity analyses show that the impact of policy support and its relationship with high‐income exporting only held for firms with high extensive margins, while foreign ownership and export duration can mitigate the quality reduction impact caused by policy support for high‐income exporting.
SLUG is upregulated and induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Noguchi Shunsuke , Hirano Kazuya , Tanimoto Nanami , Shimada Terumasa , Akiyoshi Hideo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSLUG, encoded by the Snai2 gene, is known to play a role in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cell invasion and metastasis in some types of human carcinomas. However, the mechanisms and roles of EMT in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not yet been elucidated. We have previously established canine oral SCC cell lines, including tonsillar SCC, and in this study, we evaluated the effects of SLUG on the phenotypes regarding EMT of canine SCC cells. First, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SLUG is upregulated in canine oral SCC tissues compared to that in non‐tumoural oral mucosa. Furthermore, gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function of SLUG revealed that SLUG partly contributed to migration and invasion of cells, as well as the upregulation of EMT markers such as vimentin and SNAIL. Thus, the current study suggests that SLUG promotes cell migration and invasion through EMT induction in canine oral SCC, as well as human cancers.
Review: How will climate change impact the ‘many little hammers’ of ecological weed management?
Authors: Birthisel Sonja Katherine , Clements Ruth S. , Gallandt Eric R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] and climate change are impacting farming worldwide. Ecological weed management (EWM) principles, including use of diverse tactics already employed by many farmers, may assist in adapting to and mitigating climate change. We systematically reviewed the literature on EWM and climate change and here summarise practical considerations related to changing efficacy and utility of non‐chemical EWM practices. Localised changes in precipitation will affect tillage and cultivation. We expect that mulching, transplanting and some weed seedbank management strategies, which add resiliency to a weed management programme, may show increased utility in a future with more extreme and variable weather. Innovations in autonomous robotic weeding technologies and cultivation tool design show promise in helping to overcome challenges related to low and variable cultivation efficacy and traditionally slow working rates. EWM practices that help farmers achieve multiple objectives and provide benefits beyond climate change adaptation, such as financial gains, may be most advantageous, the development of which could be facilitated by interdisciplinary research and outreach efforts. Overall, we conclude that in an increasingly variable climate, farmers will have to employ a greater diversity of weed management tactics in order to spread risk and enable climate resilience through farming systems diversification.
High Definition Metrology-Based Quality Improvement of Surface Texture in Face Milling of Workpieces With Discontinuous Surfaces
Authors: Li Guilong , Du Shichang , Wang Bo , Lv Jun , Deng Yafei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn face milling process, the quality of surface texture is vital for mechanical performance of workpieces. The quality of surface texture, especially for waviness, is directly affected by tool marks, a commonly observed phenomenon in face milling. However, appropriate approaches for evaluation and modeling of tool marks are absent to date. Limited to the resolution as well as the efficiency of conventional measurement instruments, the height data of tool marks is hard to be entirely obtained, leading to valuable information omission. Besides, most existing models of tool marks are established for general workpieces with regular geometry and continuous surfaces. Since the cutter-workpiece engagement mode has a significant impact on the generation of tool marks, current models could be inaccurate or invalid when dealing with workpieces with discontinuous surfaces. To overcome this shortage, a novel approach is proposed in this research, aimed at quality improvement of surface texture in face milling of workpieces with discontinuous surfaces. First, the evaluation indexes for tool marks are defined based on the recently developed high definition metrology (HDM). Second, the physical modeling of tool marks is presented, taking the face milling mechanism into account. Third, the physical-informed optimization model is developed to search for the optimal processing parameters for surface quality improvement. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by a face milling experiment on the engine blocks.
A Model-Based Method for System Reconfiguration
Authors: Qasim Lara , Hein Andreas Makoto , Olaru Sorin , Garnier Jean-Luc , Jankovic Marija 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
System reconfiguration is essential in complex systems management, as it is an enabler of system adaptability with regard to system evolutions. System evolutions have to be managed to ensure system effectiveness and efficiency through its whole life cycle, particularly when it comes to complex systems that take years of development and dozens of years of usage. In this context, system reconfiguration ensures system operation and maintains system “ilities” (e.g., reliability, availability, maintainability, testability, and safety). This research has been conducted in the context of a large international aerospace, space, ground transportation, defense, and security company. This research aims at supporting system reconfiguration during operations. Within current industrial practices, the development of reconfiguration support is challenging as it requires integrating data related to observations (from operations) and system design (from engineering). More specifically, there is a need to integrate and link relevant reconfiguration data concerning the system objectives, operational context, and level of functioning. This paper proposes integrating and linking this fundamental data within a reconfiguration method. MBSysRec is a multidisciplinary method that involves configuration generation and a multicriteria decision-making method for configuration evaluation and selection to support system reconfiguration during operations. The method has been implemented on two projects based on historical data. Resulting configurations have been discussed and assessed by system reconfiguration experts. A Search and Rescue (SAR) case study is used to demonstrate the method. The method is proven effective for finding relevant system configurations for reconfiguring the already deployed system to achieve search and rescue missions.