bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glioma classification framework based on SE‐ResNeXt network and its optimization
Authors: Linqi Jiang , Chunyu Ning , Jingyang Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming at the complexity of the glioma classification process, a classification framework based on SE‐ResNeXt network is proposed to simplify the classification process of benign and malignant of gliomas. In addition, three optimization strategies are adopted to improve the accuracy. Firstly, the MultiStepLR strategy is used to adjust the learning rate dynamically in order to improve the learning ability of the network. Secondly, the one‐hot label is optimized by the label smoothing strategy which can reduce the dependence of the network on the probability distribution of real labels and improve the prediction ability of the network. Finally, the transfer learning process is simplified by the transfer learning strategy on CE‐MRI dataset, and the generalization ability of the network is improved. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC of the proposed method reach 97.45%, 98.35%, 94.93% and 0.9966 for the BraTS2017 dataset, 98.99%, 99.18%,98.33% and 0.9993 for the BraTS2019 dataset, respectively. Compared with the classical networks and other algorithms, the classification framework proposed in this paper has the best performance on glioma classification.
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans for antifungal applications
Authors: Bafghi Mahdi Hosseini , Darroudi Majid , Zargar Mohsen , Zarrinfar Hossein , Nazari Razieh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiosynthesis of nanoparticles can replace the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost‐effective. Recently, antifungal resistance has been reported against different species of Aspergillus and Candida opportunistic fungi. Selenium nanoparticles (Se‐NPs) were biosynthesized using standard strains of A. flavus and C. albicans. The presence of NPs was confirmed by UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, FESEM, EDX, XRD, and Zeta potential. Common fungal strains were cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se‐NPs at concentrations of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 μg/mL or in some strains even more minor than 0.125 μg/mL resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, antifungal drugs inhibited their growth at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 64 μg/mL itraconazole (ITC). Also, MIC breakpoints for amphotericin B (AMB) and anidulafungin (AFG) were 2 μg/mL for defining resistance in some isolates. Based on the obtained results, biological NPs produced by Aspergillus and Candida at different concentrations exhibited favourable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.
Measuring the delayed neutrons multiplicity and kinetic parameters for the thermal induced fission of 235U, 239Pu and 233U
Authors: Geslot Benoit , Sardet Alix , Casoli Pierre , Leconte Pierre , De Izarra Grégoire , Chebboubi Abdelhazize , Kessedjian Grégoire , Méplan Olivier , Doré Diane , Soldner Torsten , Mutti Paolo 
Published: November 2021

In the normal operation of nuclear reactors, the kinetic behavior of the neutron population in the core is driven by the so-called delayed neutrons (DN). The DN yield per fission, their average lifetime and their groups’ abundances are the main physical parameters used to predict the kinetic behavior of the reactor and its reactivity. The overall uncertainty associated to reactivity predictions, which is linked directly to the nuclear reactor safety margins, is thus closely dependent on a few parameters associated with DN.
Depending on the nuclear data library, DN kinetic parameters present significant discrepancies, even for major fissile isotopes such as 235U or 239Pu. In this context, CEA has long been working for improving DN nuclear data. In 2018, CEA launched the ALDEN project (Average Lifetime of DElayed Neutrons) in the framework of a collaboration between CEA/DES, CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3 (LPSC, CENBG, LPC), ENSICAEN and Caen University. This program aims at measuring the kinetics of the delayed neutrons to derive the DN yield, their average lifetime and abundances.
Two experimental campaigns focusing on the thermal fission of 235U were conducted in 2018 and 2019. They demonstrated the concept feasibility and gave high quality estimations of the DN multiplicity (1.631 ± 0.014 %) and average lifetime (8.82 ± 0.6 s) for 235U. More recently in March 2021, a more ambitious irradiation campaign was conducted on 239Pu and 233U. This paper details the new experimental setup, which was upgraded to meet ILL safety requirements for handling plutonium. The data analysis process is presented, with a focus on the problem of dead time correction. Finally, some preliminary delayed neutron decay curves are showed and discussed.
Development of a Wideband Current Amplifier dedicated to Fission Chamber Measurement
Authors: Bisiach Danilo , Barbot Loïc , De Izarra Grégoire , Destouches Christophe , Cargnelutti Manuel , Zorzut Sebastjan 
Published: November 2021

Fission chambers are widely used in nuclear reactors, either occasionally to probe the neutron flux maps in nuclear power plants or as part of the nuclear instrumentation used in research reactors to characterize neutron flux levels in irradiation locations.
Wide dynamic range acquisition systems are very limited in the nuclear instrumentation market. Thus, since 2012, CEA is developing the MONACO system, which allows measurement in pulse, fluctuation, and current mode running simultaneously on the same channel.
The simultaneous use of three measurement modes places high requirements on the amplification stage. Indeed, the current mode exploits a bandwidth between 0 and a few kHz, while the fluctuation mode is based on the frequency range of 100 kHz 1MHz. Finally, for the pulse mode, it is necessary to identify current pulses of a few uA in amplitude and with a duration of about ten nanoseconds, which implies a bandwidth that extends up to 10 or 20 MHz.
In the frame of the industrialization of the MONACO system, a new preamplifier was designed to meet those requirements. With a first prototype, LDCI and I-TECH performed very promising bench tests in October 2020. Tests with synthetic signals corresponding to pulse and fluctuation mode showed very good performance of the electronics. The positive and negative current pulses are correctly amplified and the measurement noise was estimated at 0.1 µApp thanks to proper electronic shielding. The DC measurement is also satisfactory in the tested range with an accuracy of less than nA and a bandwidth of 1kHz. Preamplifier qualifications are planned within realistic experiments using a fission chamber placed in a neutron field.
Design of a High-Energy and High-Resolution detector for X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Maulin Maëva , Eck Daniel , Estre Nicolas , Payan Emmanuel , Sardet Alix , Tisseur David , Kessedjian Grégoire 
Published: November 2021

The Nuclear Measurement Laboratory (LMN) at CEA Cadarache in France is developing a high-energy tomograph reaching energies up to 21 MeV with high dose rates. It allows performing tomographies on massive objects (5 tons, 140 cm diameter) with a multimillimetric spatial resolution. For the control of absence of cracks, bubbles or defects in the concrete coating of some CEA waste drums, the laboratory needs a “high-resolution” version of this tomograph. The purpose of this study is to design an imaging detector able to provide a high spatial resolution on large objects with high dose resistance and scanning times of a few hours. To achieve this design, several steps are necessary and will be presented:
– A first step consists in characterizing the current detection elements of the tomograph, such as the camera and its lens with experimental measurements. This enables to compare performance of these elements with that available on the market and to consider a replacement.
– Then, the scintillator is selected according to experimental measurements on few scintillator types and a state of the art.
– Next, the detector configuration is optimized to achieve the higher spatial resolution.
Throughout these steps, we present the design of a highresolution detector with a spatial resolution around 300 µm for a 10%contrast.
Impact of School Closures on the Proportion of Children in the
COVID-19 Pandemic: An Example from the Winter Lockdown in
Germany
Authors: Sorg Anna-Lisa , Kaiser Veronika , Becht Selina , Simon Arne , von Kries Rüdiger 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background In addition to widely used basic hygiene measures in school,
school closures are applied to contain SARS-CoV-2 spread, although the effect on
the pandemic is unclear. We proposed a simple approach to disentangle the effect
of school closures from other lockdown measures on the pandemic course based on
publicly available data in Germany.
Methods We used data on the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases from the onset of
the pandemic to 14th April 2021. We compared the proportion of children
(5–14 years old) in all cases prior to the lockdown measures, including
school closure, to that during a ten-week lockdown in Germany. The total number
of paediatric cases occurring during lockdown was compared to the number
expected in absence of school closures. The latter was calculated based on the
actual weekly number of all cases and the pre-lockdown proportion of paediatric
cases.
Results The proportion of children in all cases was 2.3 percentage points
lower at the nadir than the proportion before the lockdown. The estimated total
number of paediatric cases prevented by school closures was estimated at 13,246
amounting to 24% of the expected cases in absence of school
closures.
Conclusion School closure during the winter lockdown reduced the number of
expected SARS-CoV-2 cases in children in absence of school closures. The
contribution of these prevented cases to the total population incidence is
small. These data might provide the basis to model the effect of school closures
in addition to basic hygiene measures on the course of the COVID-19
pandemic.
Orbital Fractures
Authors: Zhou Peiran , Chambers Christopher B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrbital fractures are common in facial trauma and can be a challenge to treat. Understanding anatomy of the orbit, the clinical evaluation, indications for surgery, surgical approaches, complications, and postoperative are essential in providing appropriate treatment for patients who have sustained orbital fractures. In this article, the authors review the diagnostic evaluation, acute management, treatment options, and common complications of orbital fractures, as well as recent advancements in orbital fracture repairs.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of New Tubulysin Analogues
Authors: Tran Anh Tuan , Tran Chien Van , Le Hai Van , Tran Loc Van , Tran Thao Thi Phuong , Tran Sung Van 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthesis of tubulysin analogues, containing an N-methyl substituent on tubuvaline-amide together with the replacement of either the hydrophobic N-terminal N-methyl pipecolic acid (Mep) or at both N- and C- terminal peptides with available heteroaromatic acids and an unsaturated tubuphenylalanine moiety, respectively, were described. The in vitro cytotoxic activity by SRB assay on five cancer cell lines for sixteen tubulysins was evaluated. Among them, five analogues exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines, including human breast carcinoma (MCF7), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), HL-60, SW-480, human lung adenocarcinoma (A459). Interestingly, one analogue showed the strongest cytotoxicity on all five tested cell lines even much higher toxicity than the reference compound ellipticine.
Manifold topology, observables, and gauge group
Authors: Morchio G. , Strocchi F. 
Published: November 2021

The relation between the manifold topology, observables, and gauge group is clarified on the basis of the classification of the representations of the algebra of observables associated with positions and displacements on the manifold. The guiding, physically motivated, principles are (i) locality, i.e., the generating role of the algebras localized in small, topologically trivial, regions, (ii) diffeomorphism covariance, which guarantees the intrinsic character of the analysis, and (iii) the exclusion of additional local degrees of freedom with respect to the Schrödinger representation. The locally normal representations of the resulting observable algebra are classified by unitary representations of the fundamental group of the manifold, which actually generate an observable, “topological,” subalgebra. The result is confronted with the standard approach based on the introduction of the universal covering M̃ of M and on the decomposition of L2(M̃) according to the spectrum of the fundamental group, which plays the role of a gauge group. It is shown that in this way one obtains all the representations of the observables iff the fundamental group is amenable. The implications on the observability of the permutation group in particle statistics are discussed.
Nitric oxide and spermidine alleviate arsenic-incited oxidative damage in
Authors: Thapar Kapoor Riti , Ingo Hefft Daniel , Ahmad Ajaz 
Published: November 2021

Anthropogenic activities such as mining, fossil fuel combustion, fertilisers and pesticides utilisation in agriculture, metallurgic processes and disposal of industrial wastes have contributed an exponential rise in arsenic content in environment. The present paper deals with arsenate (AsV) incited stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants and its alleviation through the application of nitric oxide (NO) and spermidine (SPD). The exposure of C. arietinum to AsV reduced seedling length, biomass, relative water content and biochemical constituents. All the above-mentioned parameters were escalated when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or SPD were utilised alone or in combination with AsV. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were increased in chickpea treated with AsV, but reduced in combine treatment (As + SNP + SPD). In chickpea seedlings, 89.4, 248.4 and 333.3% stimulation were recorded in sugar, proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, with As + SNP + SPD treatment in comparison to control. SNP and SPD modulated function of glyoxalase enzymes by which methylglyoxal (MG) was significantly detoxified in C. arietinum. Maximum reduction 45.2% was observed in MG content in SNP + SPD treatment over AsV stress. Hence, synergistic application of NO and SPD protected chickpea plants against AsV-generated stress by strengthening the antioxidant defence and glyoxalase system, which helped in regulation of biochemical pathways.
Nitric oxide effectively orchestrates postharvest flower senescence: a case study of
Authors: Ul Haq Aehsan , Lateef Lone Mohammad , Farooq Sumira , Parveen Shazia , Altaf Foziya , Tahir Inayatullah , Ingo Hefft Daniel , Ahmad Ajaz , Ahmad Parvaiz 
Published: November 2021

Nitric oxide releasing compound sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is regarded as novel chemical to beat the daunting challenges of postharvest losses in cut flowers. In the recent years, it has yielded propitious results as postharvest vase preservative for cut flowers. Our study explicates the efficacy of SNP in mitigating postharvest senescence in Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur cut spikes. The freshly excised C. ajacis spikes were subjected to different SNP treatments viz, 20 μM, 40 μM, 60 μM and 80 μM. The control spikes were held in distilled water. The spikes held in test solutions showed a marked improvement in vase life and flower quality. Our results indicate a profound surge in sugars, phenols and soluble proteins in SNP-treated spikes over control. Moreover, the SNP treatments improved membrane stability as signposted by decreased lipoxygenase activity (LOX). The SNP treatments also upregulated different antioxidant enzymes viz, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The current study recommends 40 μM SNP as optimum concentration for preserving floral quality and extending display period of C. ajacis spikes. Together, these findings reveal that SNP at proper dosage can efficiently alleviate deteriorative postharvest changes by modulating physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying senescence.
Interaction effects of temperature and light on shoot architecture, growth dynamics and gas exchange of young
Authors: Abeysinghe Subhashini K. , Greer Dennis H. , Rogiers Suzy Y. 
Published: November 2021

To examine the interactive effect of temperature and photon flux density (PFD) on growth dynamics and gas exchange of young Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz vines, a controlled environment study was conducted by exposing vines to two different temperatures combined with either high or low PFD. Shoot growth was accelerated and the phyllochron of Shiraz leaves was hastened in the low temperature (25/12°C) × low PFD condition (350 μmol m−2 s−1). In early emerging leaves, leaf area was responsive to temperature whereas in later emerging leaves it was dependent on light intensity. The high temperature (32/20°C) × high PFD (700 μmol m−2 s−1) treatment delayed internode extension of early emerging internodes. However, low temperature × high PFD increased leaf gas exchange across the different growth stages. The net shoot carbon balance was greater for the low temperature × high PFD treatment. Dry matter accumulation was also greater in early emerging internodes irrespective of treatment. These results on young Shiraz vines indicate that 25°C is favourable to 32°C, and some growth characteristics are accelerated at low PFD while others favour higher PFD.
Raf-like kinases and receptor-like (pseudo)kinase GHR1 are required for stomatal vapor pressure difference response
Authors: Hsu Po-Kai , Takahashi Yohei , Merilo Ebe , Costa Alex , Zhang Li , Kernig Klara , Lee Katie H. , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceWith the continuing increase in global temperatures, plants transpire more water due to the increasing vapor pressure deficit. Stomatal pores in plants close rapidly in response to the rising vapor pressure deficit to counteract water loss. We demonstrate that mutations in the stomatal CO2signaling pathway do not impair the response to an increase in vapor pressure difference (VPD). Osmotic stress causes cytoplasmic Ca2+transients in guard cells. Nevertheless, we show that diverse investigated higher-order calcium-signaling mutants do not affect the VPD response. We reveal that B3 family Raf-like protein kinases and a plasma membrane receptor-like protein GHR1 function in the elusive leaf-to-air VPD-mediated stomatal closure pathway. Notably,ghr1mutant alleles disrupt the classical “wrong-way” stomatal VPD response.
Homeostatic regulation of axonal Kv1.1 channels accounts for both synaptic and intrinsic modifications in the hippocampal CA3 circuit
Authors: Zbili Mickaël , Rama Sylvain , Benitez Maria-José , Fronzaroli-Molinieres Laure , Bialowas Andrzej , Boumedine-Guignon Norah , Garrido Juan José , Debanne Dominique 
Published: November 2021

Significance
The mechanisms linking homeostatic regulation of synaptic transmission to homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability are poorly understood. We show here that chronic blockade of excitatory synaptic receptors in the CA3 area induces an up-regulation of both synaptic transmission and intrinsic excitability. Enhanced excitability was found to result from a reduction in Kv1.1 channel density at the axon initial segment. In parallel, enhanced synaptic transmission was largely due to a loss of presynaptic Kv1.1 function. We conclude that the regulation of axonal Kv1.1 channels constitutes a significant mechanism linking homeostatic regulation of synaptic transmission and homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability in CA3 circuits.
Being online off the beaten track: rhythms of connectivity and user-generated content in the marketing of Greenland.
Authors: Ren Carina , Cooper Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

To better understand how Visit Greenland works in marketing Greenland as a tourist destination, the case of social media influencers is explored. To do so, a review of the social media marketing literature is provided which zooms in on social media marketing, tourism and social media influencers in tourism. Encapsulation and decapsulation is introduced as an analytical tool to explore the study's material and is presented in the following analysis. After a short introduction to our methodology and case, empirical material from interviews with professional social media influencers sponsored by the DMO to promote the destination is used to show how users negotiate online presence and social media content during their travels in Greenland. In conclusion, the trade- offs and balancing acts of being 'online' and 'off the beaten track' are discussed, seeing them as equally important but at times hard to reconcile.
Tunneling effect in gapped graphene disk in magnetic flux and electrostatic potential
Authors: Babe Cheikh A , Bouhlal A , Jellal A , Atmani E H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the tunneling effect of a Corbino disk in graphene in the presence of a variable magnetic flux Φ
i
created by a solenoid piercing the inner disk under the effect of a finite mass term in the disk region (R
1 < r < R
2) and an electrostatic potential. Considering different regions, we explicitly determine the associated eigenspinors in terms of Hankel functions. The use of matching conditions and asymptotic behavior of Hankel functions for large arguments, enables us to calculate transmission and other transport quantities. Our results show that the energy gap suppresses the tunneling effect by creating singularity points of zero transmission corresponding to the maximum shot noise peaks quantified by the Fano factor F. The transmission as a function of the radii ratio R
2/R
1 becomes oscillatory with a decrease in periods and amplitudes. It can even reach one (Klein tunneling) for large values of the energy gap. The appearance of the minimal conductance at the points k

F

R
1 = R
1
δ is observed. Finally we find that the electrostatic potential can control the effect of the band gap.
Presentation of new geospatial datasets for renewable thermal energy systems modelling in Switzerland
Authors: Chambers Jonathan , Rittman-Frank Mercedes , Patel Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Decarbonising heating and cooling energy buildings means going beyond individual buildings to geospatial analysis of regions and the country. This creates a need for higher resolution geospatial datasets to perform energy systems modelling. In this work we present open heating and cooling demand geospatial raster dataset produced as part of the FEEB&D research project. We discuss challenges in the production and sharing of such datasets and discuss future work towards more comprehensive databases for thermal energy modelling.