bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A loss of mature microglial markers without immune activation in schizophrenia
Authors: Snijders Gijsje J. L. J. , van Zuiden Welmoed , Sneeboer Marjolein A. M. , Berdenis van Berlekom Amber , van der Geest Astrid T. , Schnieder Tatiana , MacIntyre Donald J. , Hol Elly M. , Kahn René S. , de Witte Lot D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicroglia, the immune cells of the brain, are important for neurodevelopment and have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Although previous postmortem studies pointed toward presence of microglial activation, this view has been challenged by more recent hypothesis‐driven and hypothesis‐free analyses. The aim of the present study is to further understand the observed microglial changes in SCZ. We first performed a detailed meta‐analysis on studies that analyzed microglial cell density, microglial morphology, and expression of microglial‐specific markers. We then further explored findings from the temporal cortex by performing immunostainings and qPCRs on an additional dataset. A random effect meta‐analysis showed that the density of microglial cells was unaltered in SCZ (ES: 0.144 95% CI: 0.102 to 0.390, p = .250), and clear changes in microglial morphology were also absent. The expression of several microglial specific genes, such as CX3CR1, CSF1R, IRF8, OLR1, and TMEM119 was decreased in SCZ (ES: −0.417 95% CI: −0.417 to −0.546, p < .0001), consistent with genome‐wide transcriptome meta‐analysis results. These results indicate a change in microglial phenotype rather than density, which was validated with the use of TMEM119/Iba1 immunostainings on temporal cortex of a separate cohort. Changes in microglial gene expression were overlapping between SCZ and other psychiatric disorders, but largely opposite from changes reported in Alzheimer's disease. This distinct microglial phenotype provides a crucial molecular hallmark for future research into the role of microglia in SCZ and other psychiatric disorders.
Investigating the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a couple stress dusty fluid along a stretching sheet in the presence of viscous dissipation and suction
Authors: Gajjela Nagaraju , Nandkeolyar Raj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA computational study for investigating the flow and heat transfer phenomena in the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic couple stress dusty fluid flow over a linearly stretching porous surface in the presence of viscous dissipation effects is presented. The governing equations, in nondimensional form, are tackled by the exploitation of the standard spectral quasi‐linearization methodology. The estimations of flow rate and temperature profiles are pictured diagrammatically. In contrast, the local skin friction and heat transfer rates are placed in tabular form for various values of thermofluidic parameters. The numerical results of a current investigation are compared with previously available results and located to be sensible agreement as shown in Tables 1 and 2. It is analyzed that by elevating the specific heat parameter and couple stress parameter, the temperature profile and the resulting thickness of the boundary layer are depressed. In comparison, an increase in thermal boundary layer thickness and a decrease in thickness of the momentum boundary layer were found with the rising magnetic parameter values.
Two‐dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a dusty hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation
Authors: Mallikarjuna Hogarehally Basavarajappa , Nirmala Tigalappa , Punith Gowda Ramanahalli Jayadevamurthy , Manghat Radhika , Varun Kumar Ravikumar Shashikala 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main objective of the present examination is to design a stable mathematical model of a two‐phase dusty hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with heat transfer in a porous medium, and the Darcy–Forchheimer flow is taken into account with viscous dissipation and melting effect. The equations of motion are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by considering suitable similarity variables. These dimensionless expressions are solved by a well‐known numerical technique known as Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order method. The behavioral study and analysis of the velocity and thermal profile in dual phases (fluid phase and dust phase) for diverse values of parameters are estimated using graphs and tables. The result outcome reveals that the velocity gradient declines in the fluid phase and increases in the dust phase for a rise in values of the velocity interaction parameter. Also, the velocity gradients of the both phases diminish for increasing values of the porosity parameter. Furthermore, it is determined that the increase in the value of melting parameter leads to a decline in the thermal gradient of both phases.
A credit scoring model for SMEs using AHP and TOPSIS
Authors: Roy Pranith K. , Shaw Krishnendu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in the development of any economy. However, easy access to finance from financial institutions is a prime challenge for them. Similarly, financial institutions also face difficulties while selecting the potential SMEs for granting credit. The SMEs are often seen as unorganized in terms of financial data as compared to large corporate sectors. The credit risk assessment based on unorganized financial data is a challenge for financial institutions. Most of the existing models used regression to predict the possibility of default of SMEs. However, the regression model may not perform well with limited data points and missing data. The problem can be solved by using a multi criteria decision‐making (MCDM) model. Credit scoring, especially addressing the SMEs, has been infrequently reported in the archived literature. To fill the gaps of literature, the present study proposes a credit scoring model applying the hybrid analytic hierarchy process‐technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (AHP‐TOPSIS) technique. The study has been carried out in three stages. In the first stage, credit rating criteria and sub‐criteria have been identified from the literature review and taking opinions from experts. In the second stage, weights of criteria and sub‐criteria have been calculated using AHP. Finally, in the third stage, weights calculated by AHP have been used in TOPSIS to determine the credit score. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been illustrated through a case study. Further, the results of the proposed model are compared with the commercially available ratings. The proposed model may be a low‐cost alternative for financial institutions for credit scoring of SMEs. Further, the model has the advantage of customization as per the needs of the financial institutions. The suggested model can help the managers to identify the potential SMEs for granting credit.
Q192R polymorphism in the PON1 gene and nasal polyp in a Turkish population
Authors: Solmaz Avcikurt Ayla , Gencer Nahit , Yazici Hasmet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of nasal polyps is not completely understood. Oxidative damage contributes to polyp formation in the nasal mucosa. The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme is an important liver enzyme with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we investigated the correlation between Q192R genotypic polymorphism of the PON1 enzyme and nasal‐polyp disease. The study examined 62 nasal‐polyp patients and 88 controls. PON1 Q192R polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype distribution of the PON1 gene was significantly different between nasal‐polyp patients (QQ = 69.35%, QR = 25.81%, RR = 4.83%) and healthy controls (QQ = 52.27%, QR = 44.31%, RR = 3.40%). Our results suggest that the PON1 QQ genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.066, P = .036) is associated with a higher risk of developing the nasal‐polyp disease while QR genotype (OR = 0.437, P = .021) showed a lower risk.
Two immune‐enhanced molecular subtypes differ in inflammation, immune checkpoints, mutations, and prognostic outcome in stage I–II colonic carcinoma
Authors: Tang Dongxin , Huang Wei , Yang Zhu , Wu Xin , Sang Xianan , Wang Kuilong , Cao Gang , Hao Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the immune function of the tumor microenvironment and its clinical correlation with colonic carcinoma. Immune genes were downloaded from the The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Five subtypes are obtained by cluster screening based on immune gene expression data. The C3 and C4 subtypes show stronger immune activity. In addition, the C4 subtype has the largest number of gene mutations and the worst prognosis. Most of the immune signatures are upregulated in the C4 subtype, while most of the immune infiltration‐related cells are upregulated in the C3 and C4 subtypes. The different immune microenvironments between these subtypes may provide new ideas for immunotherapy strategies in colon carcinoma.
Recent advances in supramolecular self‐assembly and biological applications of luminescent alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes
Authors: Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah , Law Angela Sin‐Yee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmong various transition metal complexes, platinum(II) complexes are among one of the most extensively explored classes of metal complexes for supramolecular assembly, as their square‐planar molecular geometry allows axial interactions between adjacent complex molecules and access to the formation of supramolecular assemblies with the aid of noncovalent Pt(II)⋯Pt(II) interactions. In the presence of external stimuli, alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes can self‐assemble with alterations in their spectroscopic and luminescence properties. In light of their inherent advantages, including low‐energy photoexcitation, red to near‐infrared emission, large Stokes shifts, long phosphorescence lifetimes and high photostability, successful applications of alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes in the detection of biological analytes have been made possible. In this account, presented in part of the FACS Foundation Lecture, we introduce the basic concepts and our recent advances in the development of detection assays for various biomolecules based on luminescent alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes with selected examples.
Studies on the serological markers for hepatitis B virus infection among type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ndako James A. , Nwankiti Obinna O. , Olorundare Joy O. , Ojo Stephen K.S. , Okolie Charles E. , Olatinsu Oludolapo , Dojumo Victor T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B infection is a public health concern globally. HBV can be associated with type II diabetes mellitus, as HBV outbreaks have been observed among diabetics in healthcare facilities. This study evaluates the prevalence of HBV infection among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.MethodA total of one hundred and eighty (180) diabetic patients and one‐hundred non‐diabetics (Controls) were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples obtained were screened using the HBsAg ELISA kit; CTK Biotech, Inc, while the 5 panel kit—rapid diagnostic test, was used to assay for serological markers. Questionnaires were used to obtain relevant information and demographic data.ResultOverall prevalence of HBV infection among diabetes patients was 13.3%. Breakdown showed 9 (5.0%) seropositivity was obtained among male subjects compared to 15(8.3%) recorded among the females, P = .834; P < .05. Subjects aged 41‐50 years recorded, 7(3.9%) positivity P = .774; P > .05. Educational status of participants showed 22 (12.2%) positivity among subjects with tertiary level of education P = .032; P < .05). Risk factors considered showed that 5(2.8%).seropositive subjects were alcoholic consumers (P value = .9711; P > .05). Result among non‐diabetics (Control) subjects showed (4%) seropositivity among the male subjects compared to (5.0%) seropositivity recorded among the female subjects (P = .739; P > .05).ConclusionThere is an indication of higher risk of HBV infection among type 2 diabetic patients when compared to non‐diabetics. There is the need for more research on this area of study, to further validate the association between HBV infection and Diabetes Mellitus.
Community lives of adolescents across multiple special needs: Discrimination, community belonging, trusted people, leisure activities, and friends
Authors: Lloyd Jennifer E. V. , Baumbusch Jennifer L. , Zou Danjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe sought to gain insights into the community lives, experiences, and activities of adolescents across multiple categories of special needs. Specifically, we: explored the particular aspects of their lives adolescents felt elicited discrimination; determined whether adolescents feel a sense of community belongingness, as well as the categories of people whom adolescents approach when help is needed; and detailed the leisure activities respondents undertake and with which frequency, in addition to the quantity of friendships they have. We performed assorted descriptive analyses of the McCreary Centre Society's 2013 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (BCAHS) database. We found tremendous variation in the survey responses of adolescents, both within and between special needs categories, highlighting the importance of such exploratory analyses. This paper provides inductive population‐based evidence to inform theories about the community lives of adolescents with special needs, as well as to guide programs and policies targeting such youth.
Effects of corticosterone treatment and wound healing on reproductive traits of American bullfrogs
Authors: Prado Débora M. A. , Gomes Fernando R. , Madelaire Carla B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring reproductive season, calling anuran males display high testosterone (T) and episodically high corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels, which are positively associated with higher calling rates and immunocompetence. However, exposure to constant stress stimuli can result in chronically elevated CORT levels, possibly leading to inhibition of reproductive and immune activity. Reproduction and immune responses are energetically expensive, so when an animal is immunologically challenged, a tradeoff might be expressed, with CORT potentially mediating it. Our aim was to test how episodic and chronic CORT treatments, alongside wound healing, would affect reproduction in American bullfrog males (Lithobates catesbeianus). Forty animals were divided in four groups: Episodic CORT (daily transdermic application of CORT), placebo (daily transdermic application of sesame oil), chronic CORT (subcutaneous CORT silastic implants), and sham control (subcutaneous empty silastic implants). One week after treatments began, animals were punctured in the leg with a biopsy needle and the wound was photographed after 45 days to determine wound healing status (WS). Blood samples were collected throughout the experiment to measure CORT and T plasma levels. After animal euthanasia, testes were dissected, fixed, and analyzed histologically to determine spermatogenic activity (germinative cyst [GmC] morphometrics). As expected, the episodic CORT treatment had no effect on T plasma levels or spermatogenic activity. On the other hand, chronic CORT treatment reduced GmC morphometric traits, indicating suppression of reproduction, although T levels were not altered. In addition, animals from sham control and chronic CORT treatments with higher T levels presented higher WS, which indicates an immune‐enhancing T effect.
Analysis of patient safety risk management call data during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wessels Robin , McCorkle Lisa M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease, COVID‐19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).1 The pandemic evolved rapidly, forcing providers to face previously unconsidered health care delivery scenarios. Medical and dental professionals sought guidance. This article presents an overview of the questions, concerns, and requests physicians and dentists shared with patient safety risk management consultants (PSRMs) at a large medical professional liability company. During the first 5 months of the pandemic, PSRMs handled more than 1200 calls related to COVID‐19. Analysis of call data provides insight into front line provider concerns as the pandemic evolved.
Clinical characteristic and epidemiological features of SARS CoV‐2 disease patients from a COVID‐19 designated hospital in New Delhi
Authors: Saxena Sonal , Manchanda Vikas , Sagar Tanu , Nagi Nazia , Siddiqui Oves , Yadav Abhishek , Arora Nitin , Hasan Faria , Meena Kavita , Bharti Pradeep , Rana Neha , Hayat Sikander , Tuteja Sanchita , Yadav Ajeet , Puri Devyani , Pumma Palak , Khyati  , Arora Ananya , Jainandra  , Shreya Sunidhi , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Nandini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2) infection is rapidly evolving as a serious global pandemic. The present study describes the clinical characteristics of SARS CoV‐2 infection patients. The samples were subjected to reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction or Rapid Antigen test for diagnosis of SARS CoV‐2. A cohort of 3745 patients with confirmed diagnosis of SARS CoV‐2 infection in a tertiary care center in New Delhi, India were included in this study. Data were collected from offline and online medical records over a period of 6 months. Amongst 3745 SARS CoV‐2 infected patients, 2245 (60%) were symptomatic and 1500 (40%) were asymptomatic. Most common presenting symptom was cough (49.3%) followed febrile episodes (47.1%), breathlessness (42.7%), and sore throat (35.1%). Cough along with breathlessness (24.1) was the most common combination of symptoms followed by fever with cough (22.7). The most common comorbidity found among symptomatic group was diabetes (42.5%) followed by hypertension (21.4%) and chronic kidney disease (18%). Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, chronic diseases of lungs, heart, and kidneys were found to be common in symptomatic group and this was found to be statistically significant (p < .05). COVID‐19 is an evolving disease and data from our study help in understanding the clinic‐epidemiological profile of patients.
Conceptual uncertainties in groundwater and porewater fluxes estimated by radon and radium mass balances
Authors: Rodellas Valentí , Stieglitz Thomas C. , Tamborski Joseph J. , van Beek Pieter , Andrisoa Aladin , Cook Peter G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadium isotopes and radon are routinely used as tracers to quantify groundwater and porewater fluxes into coastal and freshwater systems. However, uncertainties associated with the determination of the tracer flux are often poorly addressed and often neglect all the potential errors associated with the conceptualization of the system (i.e., conceptual uncertainties). In this study, we assess the magnitude of some of the key uncertainties related to the determination of the radium and radon inputs supplied by groundwater and porewater fluxes into a waterbody (La Palme Lagoon, France). This uncertainty assessment is addressed through a single model ensemble approach, where a tracer mass balance is run multiple times with variable sets of assumptions and approaches for the key parameters determined through a sensitivity test. In particular, conceptual uncertainties linked to tracer concentration, diffusive fluxes, radon evasion to the atmosphere, and change of tracer inventory over time were considered. The magnitude of porewater fluxes is further constrained using a comparison of independent methods: (1) 224Ra and (2) 222Rn mass balances in overlying waters, (3) a model of 222Rn deficit in sediments, and (4) a fluid‐salt numerical transport model. We demonstrate that conceptual uncertainties are commonly a major source of uncertainty on the estimation of groundwater or porewater fluxes and they need to be taken into account when using tracer mass balances. In the absence of a general framework for assessing these uncertainties, this study provides a practical approach to evaluate key uncertainties associated to radon and radium mass balances.
Surface Modification of Hypercrosslinked Vinylbenzyl Chloride PolyHIPEs by Grafting via RAFT
Authors: Koler Amadeja , Krajnc Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGrafting of glycidyl methacrylate from the surface of macroporous poly(4‐vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐divinylbenzene) polyHIPEs (poly high internal phase emulsions) prepared by the polymerization of the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsions is performed. PolyHIPEs are hypercrosslinked using Friedel–Crafts reaction thus increasing specific surface area, and further functionalized with tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine. To the free amino groups reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent 4‐cyano‐4‐[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanyl] pentanoic acid is immobilized and grafting is performed utilizing glycidyl methacrylate. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) chains of ≈100 units in length are grafted onto the surface of the polyHIPEs. In comparison, non‐hypercrosslinked monoliths allow for substantially lower degree of immobilization of RAFT agent suggesting decreased accessibility of active sites on the polymer surface.
Seven‐year efficacy and safety outcomes of Bulkamid for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Brosche Torsten , Kuhn Annette , Lobodasch Kurt , Sokol Eric R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsBulking agents are a minimally invasive treatment option for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or stress‐predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety following treatment with Bulkamid as a primary procedure for SUI or stress‐predominant MUI.MethodsThis was an Institutional Review Board‐approved single‐center retrospective study of female patients with SUI or stress‐predominant MUI who had undergone injection with Bulkamid since 2005 and had completed 7 years of follow up. The primary endpoint was patient satisfaction measured on a four‐point scale as cured, improved, unchanged, or worse. Secondary outcomes included the number of incontinence pads used, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) scores, Visual Analog Scale Quality of Life (VAS QoL), reinjection rates, and perioperative and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 1,200 patients were treated with Bulkamid since 2005 and of these, 388 (32.3%) had completed 7 years of follow‐up. A total of 67.1% of the patients reported feeling cured or improved if Bulkamid was a primary procedure, 11.1% reported no change, and 2.3% reported worsening of incontinence. A total of 19.5% of patients received a subsequent other incontinence procedure. The ICIQ‐UI SF was reduced by 8.6 points. VAS QoL improved by a mean of 4.3 points. Postoperative complications were transient. Prolonged bladder emptying time was reported in 15.3% of patients and urinary tract infection in 3.5%.ConclusionsBulkamid injections are an effective and safe first‐line treatment option for women with SUI or stress‐predominant MUI providing durable outcomes at 7 years.