bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of post annealing on the electrical properties of silver nanofilms
Authors: Udachan Shiva. L. , Ayachit N. H. , Udachan L. A , Siddanna Shivakumar , Kolkundi Shrishail. S. , Ramya S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the growth of nanostructures of silver films prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum. We focused on the effect of annealing on the silver films’ electrical properties. The resistance of the sample was measured by the standard four-probe technique. The electrical resistivity data pertaining to the impact of annealing was analyzed with the help of Fuchs-Sondheimer (F-S) and Mayadas-Shatzkes (M-S) theories.
Field emission of GaN nanofilms on Si substrates enhanced by hydrogen plasma treatment
Authors: Song Zhi-Wei , Wang Changhao , Guo Gen-Cai , Yang Meng-Qi , Liang Qi , Wang Bo , Chu Wei-Guo , Wang Ru-Zhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The (002) oriented GaN nanostructured films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on n-type Si (100) substrates were treated by H- and O-plasma, finding both treatments do not make the sizable changes in crystalline structure and morphology of GaN nanofilms. However, the field emission (FE) performance of GaN nanofilms is considerably improved by H-plasma treatment (H-GaN) but deteriorated by O-plasma treatment (O-GaN). The turn-on fields, Eon, for H- and O-plasma treated GaN nanofilms are determined to be 0.52 and 1.79 V μm−1, respectively, in contrast with that of pristine GaN nanofilms, 0.95 V μm−1. The improvement of FE performance by the H-plasma treatments could be attributed to the reasons of the reduced surface potential barrier, the increased electron concentration, the increased surface conductivity, and the increased effective emission area. The first-principles calculations represents that the experimental and theoretical work function results have the same trend with the descending sequence of O-plasma treated GaN > pristine GaN > the H-plasma treated GaN.
Synthesis of porous Si nanoparticles for high performances anode material in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Feng , Dai Yulong , Peng Dehuai , Huang Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As one of the most promising candidates for anode materials, Si-based electrodes can offer specific capacity an order of magnitude beyond that of conventional graphite. However, Si usually suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling cause pulverization and capacity fade. The key to improving cycle life is to synthesize Si-based materials with suitable architectures and a rational design. Here, we developed an economical and efficient method to obtain porous Si nanoparticles from coal ash. The Si nanoparticles with several nanometers can significantly shorten ion/electron transportation paths and further avoid the cracking and pulverization induced by large volume changes, and the porous structure makes the penetration of electrolyte easier. After carbonization, the obtained porous Si nanoparticles@C exhibits excellent electrochemical performances, and the special capacity can stable at 750 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 after 200 cycles. When current density up to 6.0 A g−1, the reversible capacity is 565 mAh g−1. We believe this method will make it possible to facilitate the large-scale and low-cost production of porous Si nanoparticles, and contribute to the development of high-performance Si-based anode materials.
Nb-based superconducting silicon interconnect fabric for cryogenic electronics
Authors: Yang Yu-Tao , Hu Chaowei , Zhang Peng , Shakoorzadeh Niloofar , Ni Ni , Wang Kang L , Iyer Subramanian S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quantum computing for real world applications requires large arrays of qubits. This requires advanced integration technologies. In this work, we propose a simple integration method with fine interconnect pitch (10 μm) and close spacing that can overcome the large input and output (I/O) and high wiring level requirements of very large scale of quantum circuits. A system-on-wafer (SoW) packaging concept called superconducting silicon interconnect fabric (superconducting-IF), based on silicon interconnect fabric (Si-IF), is proposed, with the help of a Au interlayer technology onto the superconducting-IF. The fine-pitch and die-to-wafer-scale Au interlayer is the first demonstration of direct metal–metal thermocompression bonding (TCB) that is optimized for superconducting applications without the use of solders. The developed Au interlayer integration technology is demonstrated to be Josephson-junction-compatible (<150 °C), mechanically robust (>30 MPa), and electrically reliable down to 2 K. The mechanical strength of the Au interlayer integration method is optimized through shear tests with a shear force around 150 N on 2 × 2 mm2 dies. The transition temperature (Tc) of Nb, which is at 9 K, is experimentally verified to be unchanged after each fabrication process. Electrical and temperature cycling measurements on over 20 bonded dies of large-pitch Kelvin structures as well as fine-pitch daisy chain structures reveal reliable connections in the low-temperature regime. This work pushes quantum computing a step closer to realize its potential through 3D integration of a very large scale of quantum circuits with a high density of I/O (>10 000 per mm2) as well as high wiring capability and without introducing lossy amorphous dielectrics.
Printable and flexible wireless oxygen sensor
Authors: Rongala Amith , Khuje Saurabh , Li Zheng , Chivate Aditya , Gogoi Pratahdeep , An Lu , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sensor devices are becoming an essential aspect of electronics, while an accurate, economical, and printable device is constantly in high demand. Particularly, it is indispensable to develop the printed flexible sensor electronics with a fast response time, high sensitivity, and selectivity, as well as hybrid scalable manufacturing at a low cost. Here we demonstrate a printable and flexible oxygen amperometric sensor capable of operating at room temperature, in which the printed metal features are homogenously interlinked to form a dense and highly conductive mesh structure followed by a flexible hydrogel electrolyte layer. The printed oxygen sensor shows a response time of less than 2 s with a sensor response of 94.6% and the oxygen gas detection levels as low as 1.56 ppm. The sensing attributes of the printed devices with the added wireless feature show an immense promise for monitoring the oxygen levels, which provide a new rapid-sensing pathway for the packaging processes and remote monitoring devices for averting hazardous conditions.
Exploration of transferable and uniformly accurate neural network interatomic potentials using optimal experimental design
Authors: Zaverkin Viktor , Kästner Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Machine learning has been proven to have the potential to bridge the gap between the accuracy of ab initio methods and the efficiency of empirical force fields. Neural networks are one of the most frequently used approaches to construct high-dimensional potential energy surfaces. Unfortunately, they lack an inherent uncertainty estimation which is necessary for efficient and automated sampling through the chemical and conformational space to find extrapolative configurations. The identification of the latter is needed for the construction of transferable and uniformly accurate potential energy surfaces. In this paper, we propose an active learning approach that uses the estimated model’s output variance derived in the framework of the optimal experimental design. This method has several advantages compared to the established active learning approaches, e.g. Query-by-Committee, Monte Carlo dropout, feature and latent distances, in terms of the predictive power and computational efficiency. We have shown that the application of the proposed active learning scheme leads to transferable and uniformly accurate potential energy surfaces constructed using only a small fraction of data points. Additionally, it is possible to define a natural threshold value for the proposed uncertainty metric which offers the possibility to generate highly informative training data on-the-fly.
Drug release from polymer-coated TiO2 nanotubes on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V bone implants: a feasibility study
Authors: Micheletti Chiara , Suriano Raffaella , Grandfield Kathryn , Turri Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Insufficient osseointegration, inflammatory response and bacterial infection are responsible for the majority of bone implant failures. Drug-releasing implants subjected to adequate surface modification can concurrently address these challenges to improve the success of implant surgeries. This work investigates the use of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) with a dual-scale surface topography as a platform for local drug delivery. Dual-scale topography was obtained combining the inherent microscale roughness of the Ti64 samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) with the nanoscale roughness of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) obtained by subsequent electrochemical anodization at 60 V for 30 min. TNTs were loaded with a solution of penicillin-streptomycin, a common antibiotic, and drug release was tested in vitro. Three biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, i.e. chitosan, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), were deposited by spin coating, while preserving the microscale topography of the substrate underneath. The presence of polymer coatings overall modified the drug release pattern, as revealed by fitting of the experimental data with a power-law model. A slight extension in the overall duration of drug release (about 17% for a single layer and 33% for two layers of PCL and PHB) and reduced burst release was observed for all polymer-coated samples compared to uncoated, especially when two layers of coatings were applied.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older patients with hip fracture
Authors: Mateos-Nozal Jesús , Sanchez Garcia Elisabet , Romero Rodríguez Estela , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and hip fracture are common problems in older patients, both associated with important complications.

Objective
the aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and identify the main risk factors of dysphagia in older patients with hip fracture.

Design
a prospective study in an orthogeriatric unit of a university hospital over 10 months.

Methods
a total of 320 patients (mean age 86.2 years, 73.4% women) were assessed for dysphagia within 72 hours post-surgery using the Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test. Geriatric assessment, hip fracture management and complications were examined to determine their relationship with the presence of OD.

Results
dysphagia was present in 176 (55%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of delirium during hospitalization and the inability to perform instrumental activities of daily living before admission were associated with OD.

Conclusions
the prevalence of OD is high in hip fracture patients. Objective dysphagia assessment should be routinely included as part of the geriatric assessment of such patients.
Interpregnancy Interval and Subsequent Severe Maternal Morbidity: A 16-Year Population-Based Study From California
Authors: Liu Can , Snowden Jonathan M , Lyell Deirdre J , Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Abrams Barbara , Kan Peiyi , Stephansson Olof , Lyndon Audrey , Carmichael Suzan L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interpregnancy interval (IPI) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but its contribution to severe maternal morbidity (SMM) remains unclear. We examined the association between IPI and SMM, using data linked across sequential pregnancies to women in California during 1997–2012. Adjusting for confounders measured in the index pregnancy (i.e., the first in a pair of consecutive pregnancies), we estimated adjusted risk ratios for SMM related to the subsequent pregnancy. We further conducted within-mother comparisons and analyses stratified by parity and maternal age at the index pregnancy. Compared with an IPI of 18–23 months, an IPI of &lt;6 months had the same risk for SMM in between-mother comparisons (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.02) but lower risk in within-mother comparisons (aRR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.86). IPIs of 24–59 months and ≥60 months were associated with increased risk of SMM in both between-mother (aRR = 1.18 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.23) and aRR = 1.76 (95% CI: 1.68, 1.85), respectively) and within-mother (aRR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34) and aRR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.66, 2.13), respectively) comparisons. The association between IPI and SMM did not vary substantially by maternal age or parity. In this study, longer IPI was associated with increased risk of SMM, which may be partly attributed to interpregnancy health.
Revolutionary Criminal Punishments: Treason, Mercy, and the American Revolution
Authors: Jouet Mugambi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the exceptional mildness of criminal punishments for alleged traitors in the wake of the American Revolution. American leaders were disinclined to inflict the death penalty on loyalists who supported British rule in the revolutionary war or on insurgents in the Shays, Whiskey, and Fries rebellions shortly after independence. In fact, the Founding Fathers and other first-generation officials commonly showed remarkable mercy. Numerous “traitors” readily rehabilitated themselves by recognizing their faults, swearing an oath of allegiance to the new American republic, and promising to refrain from further wrongdoing. These revolutionary punishments were a striking prefiguration of modern penal practices: guilty pleas, probation sentences, and rehabilitation policies aiming to reintegrate wrongdoers into society. While American revolutionary punishments comprised stark racial inequities and did not constitute a lost utopia, they were particularly mild for the period. In contrast, the contemporary French Revolution led to wide-scale executions of purported traitors. Besides shedding light on historic events that criminal justice scholars have neglected, the article’s findings are relevant to ongoing debates about American exceptionalism and the peculiar harshness of modern American justice, including originalist and non-originalist interpretations of the Eighth Amendment. The rise of mass incarceration in the United States and its retention of the death penalty can foster cultural essentialism about how American culture traditionally lacks humanistic sensibilities. In reality, the revolutionary criminal punishments of the late eighteenth century demonstrate how America was once a trailblazer in embracing humane conceptions of justice.
Action Levels for the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Neck and Upper Extremities: A Proposal
Authors: Arvidsson Inger , Dahlqvist Camilla , Enquist Henrik , Nordander Catarina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are several well-known risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Despite this knowledge, too many people still work in harmful conditions. The absence of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for physical workload impedes both supervision and preventive work. To prevent myalgia, tendon disorders, and nerve entrapments in the upper musculoskeletal system, we propose action levels concerning work postures, movement velocities and muscular loads recorded by wearable equipment. As an example, we propose that wrist velocity should not exceed 20°/s as a median over a working day. This has the potential to reduce the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in highly exposed male occupational groups by 93%. By reducing upper arm velocity in highly exposed female groups to the suggested action level 60°/s, the prevalence of pronounced neck/shoulder myalgia with clinical findings (tension neck syndrome) could be reduced by 22%. Furthermore, we propose several other action levels for the physical workload. Our ambition is to start a discussion concerning limits for physical workload, with the long-term goal that OELs shall be introduced in legislation. Obviously, the specific values of the proposed action levels can, and should, be discussed. We hope that quantitative measurements, combined with action levels, will become an integral part of systematic occupational health efforts, enabling reduction and prevention of work-related MSDs.
Enhanced growth and myogenic differentiation of spheroid-derived C2C12 cells
Authors: Jin Guang-Zhen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAmong many factors of controlling stem cell differentiation, the key transcription factor upregulation via physical force is a good strategy on the lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. The study aimed to compare growth and myogenic potentials between the parental cells (PCs) and the 1-day-old C2C12 spheroid-derived cells (SDCs) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions through examination of the cell proliferation and the expression of myogenic genes. The data showed that 1-day-old spheroids had more intense expression of MyoD gene with respect to the PCs. The proliferation of the SDCs is significantly higher than the PCs in a time-dependent manner. The SDCs had also significantly higher myogenic potential than the PCs in 2D and 3D culture conditions. The results suggest that MyoD gene upregulation through cell–cell contacts is the good approach for preparation of seed cells in muscle tissue engineering.
Functional genomics of inflamm-aging and immunosenescence
Authors: Lu Ryan J , Wang Emily K , Benayoun Bérénice A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aging population is at a higher risk for age-related diseases and infections. This observation could be due to immunosenescence: the decline in immune efficacy of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Age-related immune decline also links to the concept of ‘inflamm-aging,’ whereby aging is accompanied by sterile chronic inflammation. Along with a decline in immune function, aging is accompanied by a widespread of ‘omics’ remodeling. Transcriptional landscape changes linked to key pathways of immune function have been identified across studies, such as macrophages having decreased expression of genes associated to phagocytosis, a major function of macrophages. Therefore, a key mechanism underlying innate immune cell dysfunction during aging may stem from dysregulation of youthful genomic networks. In this review, we discuss both molecular and cellular phenotypes of innate immune cells that contribute to age-related inflammation.
RNAxplorer: harnessing the power of guiding potentials to sample RNA landscapes
Authors: Entzian Gregor , Hofacker Ivo L , Ponty Yann , Lorenz Ronny , Tanzer Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting the folding dynamics of RNAs is a computationally difficult problem, first and foremost due to the combinatorial explosion of alternative structures in the folding space. Abstractions are therefore needed to simplify downstream analyses, and thus make them computationally tractable. This can be achieved by various structure sampling algorithms. However, current sampling methods are still time consuming and frequently fail to represent key elements of the folding space.

Method
We introduce RNAxplorer, a novel adaptive sampling method to efficiently explore the structure space of RNAs. RNAxplorer uses dynamic programming to perform an efficient Boltzmann sampling in the presence of guiding potentials, which are accumulated into pseudo-energy terms and reflect similarity to already well-sampled structures. This way, we effectively steer sampling toward underrepresented or unexplored regions of the structure space.

Results
We developed and applied different measures to benchmark our sampling methods against its competitors. Most of the measures show that RNAxplorer produces more diverse structure samples, yields rare conformations that may be inaccessible to other sampling methods and is better at finding the most relevant kinetic traps in the landscape. Thus, it produces a more representative coarse graining of the landscape, which is well suited to subsequently compute better approximations of RNA folding kinetics.

Availabilityand implementation
https://github.com/ViennaRNA/RNAxplorer/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
multiclassPairs: an R package to train multiclass pair-based classifier
Authors: Marzouka Nour-Al-Dain , Eriksson Pontus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivationk–Top Scoring Pairs (kTSP) algorithms utilize in-sample gene expression feature pair rules for class prediction, and have demonstrated excellent performance and robustness. The available packages and tools primarily focus on binary prediction (i.e. two classes). However, many real-world classification problems e.g. tumor subtype prediction, are multiclass tasks.ResultsHere, we present multiclassPairs, an R package to train pair-based single sample classifiers for multiclass problems. multiclassPairs offers two main methods to build multiclass prediction models, either using a one-versus-rest kTSP scheme or through a novel pair-based Random Forest approach. The package also provides options for dealing with class imbalances, multiplatform training, missing features in test data and visualization of training and test results.Availability and implementation‘multiclassPairs’ package is available on CRAN servers and GitHub: https://github.com/NourMarzouka/multiclassPairs.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sea Change: Using Citizen Science to Inform Fisheries Management
Authors: Bonney Rick , Byrd Julia , Carmichael John T , Cunningham Leda , Oremland Laura , Shirk Jennifer , Von Harten Amber 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Increasing costs are challenging the capacity for resource management agencies to keep up with mounting needs for robust data about fish populations and their habitats. Furthermore, trust among scientists, government agencies, and the public is fundamental to effective fisheries management, and relations among these three groups are increasingly strained when decisions about fishing limits are made (or are perceived to be made) on the basis of limited information or analysis. In the South Atlantic region of the United States, the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council has begun building a citizen science program to increase the quantity and quality of data used for fisheries management decisions throughout the region and to build trust and foster mutual understanding among those involved in the process. The goal is to build on existing management infrastructure to address key challenges to managing fisheries for long-term sustainability. In the present article, we examine the collaborative process used to establish the program.