bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Failure Rates of a Unilateral Posterior Peri-Apical Distraction Device (ApiFix) for Fusionless Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Stadhouder Agnita , Holewijn Roderick M. , Haanstra Tsjitske M. , van Royen Barend J. , Kruyt Moyo C. , de Kleuver Marinus 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Conventional surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of correction of the spinal deformity with rigid spinal instrumentation and fusion. Less-invasive and fusionless surgery could potentially improve patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved posterior peri-apical self-distracting device (ApiFix) that is designed to gradually correct the deformity without spinal fusion.

Methods:
In a prospective cohort study of 20 patients with AIS (Risser stage 1-4; Lenke 1 or 5; major curve Cobb angle, 40° to 55°; and Bunnell scoliometer rotation, <15°) were managed with the ApiFix device. Clinical and radiographic performance was assessed.

Results:
Twenty patients with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 14.8 ± 1.4 years were followed for a mean of 3.4 ± 1.0 years. The average major curve was reduced from 45.4° preoperatively to 31.4° at 2 weeks postoperatively and 31.0° at the time of the latest follow-up. The average minor curve measured 31.3° preoperatively, 26.1° at 2 weeks postoperatively, and 24.2° at the time of the latest follow-up. Ten patients had serious complications that required revision surgery, including osteolysis (n = 6), screw and/or rod breakage (n = 2), failure of the ratchet mechanism (n = 1), and pain without explainable cause (n = 1). During revision surgery, metallosis was observed in all patients and cultures showed growth of Cutibacterium acnes in 6 patients. Because of the high failure rate, the study was terminated early.

Conclusions:
The use of the unilateral peri-apical concave self-distracting ratchet rod initially was associated with promising clinical and radiographic results. However, no distraction was observed and the high rate of serious adverse events within 2 years was considered to be unacceptable for further clinical application of this device in our institution, despite recent FDA approval.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Retro-Odontoid Pseudotumor Without Radiographic Instability with Congenital C1 Assimilation and C2-C3 Fusion
Authors: Gandbhir Viraj N. , Agrawal Vivek J. , Kakadiya Ghanshyam C. , Chaudhary Kshitij S. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
The authors present a case of retro-odontoid pseudotumor (ROP) with congenital C1 assimilation and C2-C3 block vertebra without radiological instability who presented with cervical myelopathy with spastic quadriparesis. The patient was managed with occipitocervical fusion and C1 laminectomy. She had rapid neurological recovery in 3 months postoperatively and at 2 years had complete resolution of the retro-odontoid mass.

Conclusion:
C1 assimilation without apparent radiographic instability as a cause of ROP is underappreciated. This case report and review of literature highlight that C1 assimilation and C2-C3 fusion can lead to ROP even in the absence of apparent radiographic instability with posterior atlantoaxial fusion alone providing good results.
Type I Interferon Transcriptional Network Regulates Expression of Coinhibitory Receptors in Human T cells
Authors: Hafler David , Sumida Tomokazu , Dulberg Shai , Schupp Jonas , Stillwell Helen , Axisa Pierre-Paul , Comi Michela , Lincoln Matthew , Unterman Avraham , Kaminski Naftali , Madi Asaf , Kuchroo Vijay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While inhibition of T cell co-inhibitory receptors has revolutionized cancer therapy, the mechanisms governing their expression on human T cells have not been elucidated. Type 1 interferon (IFN-I) modulates T cell immunity in viral infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, and may facilitate induction of T cell exhaustion in chronic viral infection. Here we show that IFN-I regulates co-inhibitory receptor expression on human T cells, inducing PD-1/TIM-3/LAG-3 while surprisingly inhibiting TIGIT expression. High-temporal-resolution mRNA profiling of IFN-I responses enabled the construction of dynamic transcriptional regulatory networks uncovering three temporal transcriptional waves. Perturbation of key transcription factors on human primary T cells revealed unique regulators that control expression of co-inhibitory receptors. We found that the dynamic IFN-I response in vitro closely mirrored T cell features with IFN-I linked acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in human, with high LAG3 and decreased TIGIT expression. Finally, our gene regulatory network identified SP140 as a key regulator for differential LAG3 and TIGIT expression, which were validated at the level of protein expression. The construction of IFN-I regulatory networks with identification of unique transcription factors controlling co-inhibitory receptor expression may provide targets for enhancement of immunotherapy in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Eccentric Phase Difference in a Rotor-Bearing System with Bolted-Disk Joint
Authors: Li Yuqi , Luo Zhong , Wang Jinwen , Ma Hui , Yang Dongsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bolted joints are widely used in industrial rotating machines to fasten the adjacent disks together and affect system dynamic properties. Therefore, there is a strong need to study their influence on the response of such systems. This paper investigated the effect of the eccentric phase difference of the disk and bolted-disk joint on rotor dynamics, which takes into account the time-varying bending stiffness of the bolted joint. The bolted-disk joint is modeled as a two-node element based upon the energy theorem and Lagrange’s principle, where the relative lateral displacement stiffness, relative bending stiffness, and coupling stiffness between the adjacent disks are considered. And then the dynamic model of the rotor-bearing system is derived based on the proposed bolted joint element and lumped mass modeling method. Combining with the Newmark-β integration scheme, the established model allows the dynamic response characteristics of the rotor-bearing system with the bolted joint to be predicted, and the impact of eccentric phase difference in the rotor system on the response to be investigated. The validity of the simulation results was confirmed by experiment. Through the modeling method proposed in this paper and obtained results, the bifurcation characteristics of the bolted joint rotor system can be predicted.
Attitudes And Opinions Towards Suicidality In Professionals Working With Oncology Patients: Results From An Online Survey
Authors: Senf Bianca , Maiwurm Paula , Fettel Jens 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore and describe attitudes and opinions towards suicidality in healthcare professionals (HCP) working with oncological patients.Methods: A 48-item online questionnaire was developed and distributed to HCPs working with cancer patients. Three hundred fifty-four answered questionnaires were analyzed.Results: The majority of HCPs reported that they were able to understand why a cancer patient would commit suicide (87.8%) or would seek help from an assisted suicide organization (ASO; 83.9%). Understandable reasons were pain and physical impairments (34.7%), social isolation (13.4%), loss of control and autonomy (12.2%), terminal disease (11.6%), loss of meaning (10.3%), desperation (9.9%), and psychic distress (6.3%). Personal experiences with suicidality lead only 44.8% of HCPs to believe that thereby they would be better able to understand a patients’ wish for suicide. Religion was negatively associated with understanding of suicide and why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO. Knowledge of suicidality was positively associated with why a cancer patient would seek help from an ASO.Conclusions: There is still little knowledge in oncology about the relation of HCPs’ attitudes toward suicidality in their patients and how those attitudes influence their behavior, especially care and treatment of patients. More research on this topic is needed. It stands to reason that more education about suicidality in cancer patients seems likely to improve understanding and attitudes and thereby influence care for cancer patients.
Phenylpropanoid conjugated iridoids with anti-malarial activity from the leaves of Morinda morindoides
Authors: Hashim Yasinjan , Toume Kazufumi , Mizukami Shusaku , Ge Yue-Wei , Taniguchi Mayumi , Teklemichael Awet Alem , Huy Nguyen Tien , Bodi Joseph M. , Hirayama Kenji , Komatsu Katsuko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two phenylpropanoid conjugated iridoids, deglucosyl gaertneroside (1) and morindoidin (2), were isolated from the leaves of Morinda morindoides (Rubiaceae) by activity-guided fractionation using an anti-malarial activity assay. The known related iridoids molucidin (3) and prismatomerin (4), two lignans, abscisic acid, two megastigmanes, and two flavonol glycosides were also identified. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-malarial activity against the chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum together with cytotoxicity against adult mouse brain cells. Potent anti-malarial activity of 3 and 4 (IC50 of 0.96 and 0.80 μM, CC50 of 1.02 and 0.88 μM, and SI of 1.06 and 1.10 μM, respectively) was shown, while new iridoids 1 and 2 and pinoresinol (5) displayed moderate activity (IC50 of 40.9, 20.6, and 24.2 μM) without cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM). These results indicate that 1–5 may be promising lead compounds for anti-malarial drugs. In addition, our results imply the necessity of the quality control of the extract of M. morindoides leaves based on the contents of 1–5 in terms of the safety and efficacy.
Nanosecond-Resolution Photothermal Dynamic Imaging via MHz Digitization and Match Filtering
Authors: Yin Jiaze , Lan Lu , Zhang Yi , Ni Hongli , Tan Yuying , Zhang Meng , Bai Yeran , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Photothermal microscopy has enabled highly sensitive label-free imaging of absorbers, from metallic nanoparticles to chemical bonds. Photothermal signals are conventionally detected via modulation of excitation beam and demodulation of probe beam using lock-in amplifier. While convenient, the wealth of thermal dynamic is not revealed. Here, we present a lock-in free, mid-infrared photothermal dynamic imaging (PDI) system by MHz digitization and match filtering at harmonics of modulation frequency. Thermal-dynamic information is acquired at nanosecond resolution within single pulse excitation. Our method not only increases the imaging speed by two orders of magnitude, but also obtains four-fold enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio over lock-in counterpart, enabling high-throughput metabolism analysis at single-cell level. Moreover, by harnessing the thermal decay difference between water and biomolecules, water background is effectively separated in mid-infrared PDI of living cells. This ability to nondestructively probe chemically specific photothermal dynamics offers a valuable tool to characterize biological and material specimens.
Texture Analysis of Dorsal Striatum in Functional Neurological (Conversion) Disorder
Authors: Baykara Murat , Baykara Sema 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the dorsal striatum nuclei of patients diagnosed with Functional Neurological Disorder by tissue analysis method from magnetic resonance imaging images and to compare them with healthy controls. Study groups consisted of 20 female patients and 20 healthy women. The brains of patients and controls were scanned for high-resolution images with a 1.5 T scanner using the sagittal plane and 3D spiral fast spin echo sequence. Using the texture analysis method, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, median, variance, entropy, size %L, size %U, size %M, kurtosis, skewness and homogeneity values of the dorsal striatum nuclei were calculated from the images. The data were compared with comparison tests according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results. There was no statistically significant difference between paired regions in terms of texture analysis findings in the cross-sectional images of the participants. In patients, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, median, variance and entropy values for the putamen nucleus, and mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, median, variance, entropy and kurtosis values for the caudate nucleus were found significantly higher than controls. Additional receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyzes were performed. The implications of the results of the study are that there are significant microstructural changes in the dorsal striatum nuclei of patients and their reflection on brain images. Texture analysis is a useful technique to show tissue changes in the dorsal striatum of patients using images. It is highly recommended to use tissue analysis to identify and evaluate potentially affected areas of the brain in new studies.
A hybrid deep learning framework for predicting the protein-protein interaction between virus and host
Authors: Deng Lei , Nie Wenjuan , Zhao Jiaojiao , Zhang Jingpu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Viral infection and diseases are caused by various viruses involved in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between virus and host, which are a threat to human health. Studying the virus-host PPI is beneficial to apprehending the mechanism of viral infection and developing new treatment drugs. Although several computational methods for predicting the virus-host PPI have been proposed, most of them are supported by the machine learning algorithms, making the hidden high-level feature difficult to be extracted. Results: We proposed a novel hybrid deep learning framework combined with four CNN layers and LSTM to predict the virus-host PPI only using protein sequence information. CNN can extract the nonlinear position-related features of protein sequence, and LSTM can obtain the long-term relevant information. L1-regularized logistic regression is applied to eliminate the noise and redundant information. Our model achieved the best performance on the benchmark dataset and independent set compared with other existing methods. Conclusion: Our method, through the hybrid deep neural network, is useful for predicting virus-host PPI using protein sequence alone, and achieved the best prediction performance compared with other existing methods, which is promising on the virus-host PPI prediction
The Employment Effect Of Chinese Enterprises Embedded In The Global Environmental Value Chain
Authors: Wang Shuhong , Chen Hanxue , Yin Kedong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The employment effect of enterprises embedded in global value chains has important theoretical value, but existing research has ignored the impact of cross-border pollution transfer on employment under the division of labor system within the value chain. This study constructs a global environmental value chain (GEVC) analysis framework to combine economic and environmental issues and establishes a theoretical model to discuss the impact of the degree of enterprise embeddedness in the GEVC on employment. Using 2000–2006 data from the China Industry Business Performance and China Customs databases, the study finds that an increase in the degree of enterprise embeddedness has a significant inhibitory effect on employment, especially for female laborers, lower-skilled laborers, state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and enterprises in the eastern region. The research also shows that the cost increase effect enhances the negative effect of increased GEVC embeddedness on employment, while the innovation promotion effect and the foreign direct investment effect serve to mitigate the negative effect. The results provide a reference for developing countries seeking to effectively protect people's livelihood and employment while achieving a leap in the division of labor along the green value chain.
Effect of short-term peripheral myopic defocus on ocular biometrics using Fresnel “press-on” lenses in humans
Authors: Kubota Ryo , Joshi Nabin R , Samandarova Inna , Oliva Maksud , Selenow Arkady , Gupta Amitava , Ali Steven R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study assessed axial length and choroidal thickness changes following short-term peripheral myopic defocus in normal adult subjects. Twenty subjects underwent defocus sessions by viewing a full-field projected movie 4 meters away for 4 hours in the morning, while wearing spectacle lenses, corrected for distance vision in both eyes. The right eye, serving as the test eye, was peripherally defocused using a Fresnel lens overlay of + 3.50D with a central aperture of 11.5 mm, while the left eye served as the control. A subset of 10 subjects from the same cohort also underwent additional defocus sessions with + 5.00D of peripheral defocus. Axial length was measured and radial sub-foveal choroidal scans were obtained before and after the defocus sessions. The mean increase in axial length of the test eyes was 8 µm (p < 0.05) less than that of the control eyes with + 3.50D peripheral defocus condition and 14 µm (p < 0.05) less than the control eyes with + 5.00 D peripheral defocus condition. The difference in mean changes for choroidal thickness between test and control eyes were not significant for both dioptric conditions. Our results demonstrated that short-term peripheral myopic defocus significantly inhibited axial elongation in adult humans, without significant changes in choroidal thickness.
Analysis of National Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogen for Children and Adolescents’ Community Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Roh Eui jeong , Lee Mi-Hee , Lee JeeYoung , Kim Hyobin , Ahn Youngmin , Kim Ja Koung , Kim Hyoung young , Kim Min Ji , Kang Eun Kyoung , Yang Eun-Ae , Lee Su Jin , Park Yang , Seo Ju Hee , Lee En , Yang En Seok , Cho Hyung Min , Shin Mi Yong , Chung Hae Lee , Jang Yoon Young , Choi Bong Seok , Jung Jin A , You Seung Taek , Sung Myoung Soon , Kim Jin Taek , Kim Bong Seong , Whang Yoon ha , Shim Jung Yeon , Yang Hyun Jong , Han Man Yong , Yew Hae Young , Kim Dong Hyuk , Jeong Sangun , Whang Kyu Jam , Lee Eun Sil , Chung Eun hee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory infection in particular community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is a major disease that ranks high in outpatient and inpatient cases. The causes of CAP vary depending on the individual susceptibility, epidemiological characteristics of the community, and season. We performed this study to establish nationwide surveillance network system and identify the causative agents for CAP and antibiotics resistance in Korean children with CAP..Methods: The monitoring network was composed of the 28 secondary and tertiary medical institutions. Upper and lower respiratory samples were assayed using culture or Polymerase chaini reaction (PCR) from Aug 2018 to May 2020. Results: A total of 1023 cases were registered in patients with CAP, and 264 cases (25.8%) were isolated by culture, S. aureus 131 cases (12.8%), S. pneumoniae 92 cases (9%), H. influenzae 20 cases (2%). PCR of atypical pneumonia pathogen revealed 422 cases of M. pneumoniae (41.3%). Respiratory virus showed positive rates in 65.7% by multiplex PCR test and of them, human rhinovirus was most highest with 312 cases (30.5%). The proportion of mixed infection was 49.2%. The rate of antibiotics resistance showed similar results as previous reports. Conclusions: It will identify the pathogens that cause respiratory infections, and analyze the current status of antibiotic resistance to provide scientific evidence for management policies of domestic respiratory infection. Also, in preparation for the new epidemic, including COVID19, monitoring of respiratory infections in children and adolescents, has become more important, and research should be continuously conducted in the future.
Antioxidant Enzyme Responses and Metabolite Functioning of Pisum Sativum L. to Sewage Sludge in arid and Semi-arid Environments
Authors: Hakeem Khalid , Alharby Hesham F. , Al-Ghamdi Khalid M. , Bhat Rouf Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The productivity of plants is a direct variant of the countless biotic and abiotic stresses to which a plant is exposed in an environment. This study aimed to investigate the capabilities of leguminous plant garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) to resist water deficit conditions in arid and semi-arid areas when applied with varied doses of sludge for growth response. The effect of sludge doses was evaluated on crop yield, antioxidant enzymes viz., ascorbate peroxidase APX, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and metabolites (ascorbic acid, glutathione and total protein content). The effective sludge concentrations with respect to seed weight and crop yield were found to be in the following trend: D2 (6.25%) > D3 (12.5%) > D1 (2.5%) > D0 (control) under organic amendment (OA). Conversely, a high dose of the sludge reduced the seed weight and total crop yield. The sludge doses D2 under arid and semi-arid conditions along with organic amendments (OA) significantly enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity whereas, sludge dose D3 with OA ominously regulates the activity of these enzymes. Besides, seeds depicted a considerable increase in ascorbic acid, glutathione and total protein content in arid and semi-arid conditions upon the application of sludge with OA. Sewage sludge as a source of nutrients indirectly enhances crop yield, antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant metabolites. Thus, it improves the defence mechanism, reduces abnormal protein glycation, and depletes susceptibility of protein to proteolysis.
Patterns of Psychopathology and Cognition in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
Authors: Rau Srishti , Whitman Ethan T. , Schauder Kimberly , Gogate Nikhita , Lee Nancy Raitano , Kenworthy Lauren , Raznahan Armin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a collectively common family of genetic disorders that increase risk for neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment. Beyond being important medical disorders in their own right, SCAs also offer a unique naturally-occurring model for X- and Y-chromosome influences on the human brain. However, it remains unclear if (i) different SCAs are associated with different profiles of psychopathology, and (ii) the notable interindividual variation in psychopathology is related to co-occurring variation in cognitive ability.
Methods
We examined scores for 11 dimensions of psychopathology [Child/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and general cognitive ability [full-scale IQ (FSIQ) from Wechsler tests] in 110 youth with varying SCAs (XXY = 41, XYY = 22, XXX = 27, XXYY = 20) and 131 typically developing controls (XX = 59, XY = 72).
Results
All SCAs were associated with elevated CBCL scores across several dimensions of psychopathology, but social and attentional functioning were particularly sensitive to carriage of a supernumerary Y-chromosome. There was marked variability in CBCL scores within each SCA group, which generally correlated negatively with IQ, but most strongly so for social and attentional difficulties. These correlations showed subtle differences as a function of SCA group and CBCL scale.
Conclusions
There is domain-specific variation in psychopathology across SCA groups, and domain-specific correlation between psychopathology and IQ within SCAs. These findings (i) help to tailor clinical assessment of this common and impactful family of genetic disorders, and (ii) suggest that dosage abnormalities of X- and Y-linked genes impart somewhat distinct profiles of neuropsychiatric risk.