bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamins D2 and D3 have overlapping but different effects on human gene expression revealed through analysis of blood transcriptomes in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled food-fortification trial
Authors: Durrant Louise , Bucca Giselda , Hesketh Andrew , Moller-Levet Carla , Tripkovic Laura , Wu Huihai , Hart Kathryn , Mathers John , Elliott Ruan , Lanham-New Susan , Smith Colin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the first time we report the relative influences of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on genome-wide gene expression in whole blood from healthy women, representing two ethnic groups, white European and South Asian. In this randomised placebo-controlled trial, participants were given daily physiological doses (15 µg) of either vitamin D2 or D3 for 12 weeks and changes in the transcriptome were compared relative to the transcriptome at baseline. While there was some overlap in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes after supplementation with each vitamin D source, most changes were specific to either vitamin D3 or vitamin D2, suggesting that each form of the vitamin may have different effects on human physiology. Notably, following vitamin D3 supplementation, the majority of changes in gene expression reflected a down-regulation in the activity of genes, many encoding components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. These are consistent with the emerging concept that vitamin D orchestrates a shift in the immune system towards a more tolerogenic status. Moreover, gene expression associated with type 1 and type 2 interferon activity differed following supplementation with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, with only vitamin D3 having a stimulatory effect. Interferons play a critical role in the innate response to infection and aberrant type 1 interferon signalling has recently been implicated in severe Covid-19 disease. The observed differences in gene expression after supplementation with vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3 warrant a more intensive investigation of the biological effects of the two forms of vitamin D on human physiology.
Determinants of Dietary Practice among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Desta Derese Tamiru , Michael Mignote Gebre , Hailu Dejene , Zegeye Menen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Dietary management is considered to be one of the cornerstones of diabetes care. There is a lack of data on the dietary practice of diabetic patients, which underestimates its role in the management of diabetes. Hence, this study assessed the level of dietary practices and their associated factors among Type2 diabetic patients in Hawassa city, Sidama Region, Ethiopia.
Results

Nearly forty-seven percent (46.8%) of the patients had poor knowledge about diabetes. More than half of the respondents (54.5%) were overweight and obese. The levels of dietary practice among 171 (44.2%) type 2 diabetic patients were poor. Very low monthly income [AOR = 4.87; 95% CI :(1.20-19.81], taking insulin regimen [AOR = 2.36; 95% CI :(1.13–4.91)], taking both insulin injection and oral medication [AOR = 11.26; 95% CI: (3.05–41.54)], not getting DM education in hospital [AOR = 2.72; 95% CI :( 1.08–6.85)], despondency [AOR = 3.71; 95% CI:(1.39–9.89), lack of support from family and friends about dietary plan [AOR = 5.64;95% CI (2.66,11.92)], unavailability of fruits and vegetables[AOR = 3.04;95% CI:(1.11–8.34)] were the factors significantly associated with the poor dietary practice.
Reuse of improved recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for sustainable and environmental-friendly construction materials.
Authors: Alyaseen Ahmad Sarhan , Shah Siddharth , Solanki Ravindra , Daxini Bhavik , Alwani Yogesh K. , Alahmad Hussain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recycled aggregates have an essential role in constructing construction activities today to save natural aggregates because of industrial development. The research aims to assess the suitability of recycled aggregates for the construction of new roads, which will help achieve road construction efficiency and help prevent environmental deterioration in the extraction and reducing pollution. In contrast with natural aggregates, recycled aggregates are of lower quality, mainly due to the cement mortar's brittle nature attached to them. The point of the study is to increase the performance of RCAs in an environmentally friendly managing RCAs. In this process, RCAs are first soaked in acetic acid solution, in which acetic acid reacts with cement attached to the surface of the RCA. This reaction weakens the attached mortar and allows separating from the RCAs by using mechanical friction later. Treated RCAs have lower water absorption and more insufficient cement mortar adhesion. These RCAs used as aggregates in new the concrete increased the compressive strength, the tensile strength, and the concrete's flexural strength by 26%, 11%, and 26% at 28 days, respectively. It is clean, safe, efficient, and a new method to be applied, so no harmful products are used, and no dangerous substances are incorporated into the RCAs that are being treated. The waste treatment solution was used as a supplementary admixture construction, increasing the concrete's strength, and decreasing its environmental effects.
Clinical and Healthcare Improvement through My Health Record usage and Education in General Practice (CHIME-GP): A study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bonney Andrew , Metusela Christine , Mullan Judy , Barnett Stephen , Rhee Joel , Kobel Conrad , Batterham Marijka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There is international interest in whether improved primary care can lead to a more rational use of health resources and whether the use of a national digital health record system by primary health care professionals can help achieve this goal. This trial (CHIME-GP) will investigate whether a multifaceted education intervention in an Australian general practice setting on the use of a national digital health record system leads to reductions in health-service utilisation and costs.Methods: The trial will be undertaken in Australian general practices. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based educational intervention for general practitioners, regarding use of a national digital health record system, My Health Record (MHR), and rational use of medicines, pathology and imaging. Our target is to recruit 120 general practitioners from urban and regional regions across Australia. We will use a mixed methods approach incorporating a three-arm pragmatic cluster randomised parallel trial and a prospective qualitative inquiry. The effect of the intervention in each arm will be assessed, using the other two arms as controls. The evaluation will synthesise the results embedding qualitative pre/post interviews in the quantitative results to investigate implementation of the intervention, clinical behaviour change and mechanisms such as attitudes, that may influence change. The primary outcome will be an economic analysis of the cost per 100 consultations of selected prescriptions, pathology and radiology test ordering in the six months following the intervention compared with six months prior to the intervention. Secondary outcome measures include the rates per 100 consultations of selected prescriptions, pathology and radiology test ordering six months pre and post intervention; and comparison of knowledge assessment tests pre and post intervention.Discussion: The trial will produce robust health economic analyses on the evidence on educational intervention in reducing unnecessary prescribing, pathology and imaging ordering, and in improving the use of MHR. In addition, the study will contribute to the evidence-base concerning the implementation of interventions to improve the quality of care in primary care practice.Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000010998. Registered on 09 January 2020.http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12620000010998.aspx
Prevalence of water-borne diseases in western India: dependency on the quality of potable water and personal hygiene practices
Authors: Karande Koustubh , Tandon Shalini , Vijay Ritesh , Khanna Sunali , Banerji Tuhin , Sontakke Yeshwant 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unlike urban and semi-urban settlements where the potable water is supplied through a water treatment plant and a distribution network, in rural low-income settings, the provision of the water treatment plant for all villages is not feasible for a developing country like India. The most affordable and reliable way to provide clean drinking water is treatment at the consumer end. This research is aimed to assess occurrence of water-borne diseases based on personal hygiene and quality of drinking water source. Of the households, 4,237 in 15 selected villages were surveyed for personal hygiene using a questionnaire. Water samples were collected from all major water sources in the villages and analyzed for chemical and bacteriological properties. For water and personal hygiene, quality indices were calculated, and a mathematical model was developed using multiple linear regression analysis. The regression concluded that personal hygiene has a more significant effect on the occurrence of water-borne diseases than the quality of water source in the study area. Personal hygiene is one of the health factors neglected by the people specifically in rural India. Therefore, India needs to run campaigns like Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission), which mainly aimed to reduce open defecation, to promote personal hygiene and to reduce the prevalence of water-borne diseases.
Adsorptive removal of P(V) and Cr(VI) by calcined Zn-Al-Fe ternary LDHs
Authors: Rezak Nacera , Bahmani Abdellah , Bettahar Nourredine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with the preparation and structural and adsorbent characterization of the ternary layered double hydroxides (LDHs; ZFA-HT) with molar ratio Zn2+/Al3+/Fe3+ = 2/0.5/0.5 and its product calcined (ZFA-350) at 350 °C, which is examined for the removal of phosphate P(V) and chromate Cr(VI) from aqueous media. The as-obtained materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC), scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy dispersion (SEM-EDX) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Structural characterizations show that the LDHs is successfully synthesized and its calcined product is a mixed oxide. Batch sorption studies are conducted to investigate the effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, solution pH, adsorbent amount, initial P(V) or Cr(VI) concentration and temperature. The isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of phosphate and chromium are studied. The adsorption processes are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than the other models examined. The adsorption isotherms data fit best to the Langmuir isotherm model instead of Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of ZFA-350 was found to be 140.85 mg/g for P(V) and 52.63 mg/g for Cr(VI). The positive ΔH and ΔS and negative ΔG values reveal that the P(V) and Cr(VI) sorption onto ZFA-350 is endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous in nature.
Energy Transition Investments and Financing Instruments
Authors: Bahtizina N. V. , Bahtizin A. R. 
Published: March 2021

International organizations representing the interests of energy-deficient developed countries are urging to solve the problem of global warming through the Energy Transition, which implies decarbonization of the world economy. The implementation of the Energy Transition requires annual investments of 3% of world GDP in energy efficiency, renewable energy, electric vehicles, etc. In 2020, despite the acceleration of dynamics, the volume of world investments was more than 5 times lower than required. The leaders in investments in clean energy are the technologically developed countries of Europe, the USA, Japan, as well as developing countries – China and Brazil, striving for technological independence. In order to expand its presence in the promising market for low carbon technologies, the EU pays special attention to innovations in the field of clean energy, financing them through the Innovation Fund. To prevent Russia’s technological backwardness and reduce the carbon footprint of export products, it is advisable to envisage the possibility of state support for innovative projects in the field of clean energy from the Climate Fund.
Constitutional Changes and a New Stage of Russian Federalism Development
Authors: Bukhvald E. M. 
Published: March 2021

The amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, approved by popular vote, should be considered as the significant advance in the development of the legal foundations of the Russian state, including a wide range of issues, related to the Russian model of federalism and its implementation in the practice of state and municipal administration. These changes can hardly be regarded as one of the stages of the federal reform, especially since the final goals of this reform were not clearly stated earlier and even now remain very uncertain. Nevertheless, as it’s shown in the article, some of these changes can have a significant impact on the nature and mechanism of functioning of the Russian federal state, in particular, on the activities of state and municipal government bodies. The article suggests that constitutional changes and additions in 2020 can significantly strengthen the democratic and social nature of the state. At the same time, it’s argued that these changes should not be given the status of “finiteness”. It is obvious that the federal reform in the country, no matter how it is regarded, has not exhausted its potential, which in the foreseeable future may give an impetus to the further development of the legal foundations of Russian federalism, including the sphere of its constitutional regulation.
Electoral Democracy – 2020 in the Light of Public Choice Theory: Lessons in Institutional Design for Russia
Authors: Orekhovsky P. A. 
Published: March 2021

2020 was marked by major landmark events. First of all, there is the political crisis in the United States related to the presidential elections. Secondly, there is the UK’s secession from the EU. Finally, there is the unexpected return to power of left-wing forces in some Latin American countries. This forces us to return to the foundations and conclusions of the theory of public choice – a tool that allowed us to analyze and predict the political and economic behavior of modern electoral democracies.The paper states that the erosion of the middle class leads to the dominance of minorities and their priorities. The position of the median voter is losing its former significance. As a result, the political duopoly becomes unstable, in contrast to the model of political pluralism (oligopoly). The desire of middle-income countries with a high degree of social differentiation to adopt a bipartisan system in the hope that this will ensure political stability must be mistaken. In contrary to what was said, the construct of American federalism, which many scholars consider archaic, effectively defends horizontal democracy and discourages the imposition of values by aggressive minority coalitions. The use of one or another modification of the «electoral colleges» in the presidential and parliamentary elections would strengthen the federal principles of horizontal democracy in Russia. The article presents an analysis of two main approaches to the analysis of corruption – as «opportunistic behavior of an agent in the principal-agent model», and as «status rent». Criticism of the latter approach reveals the view of Russia as an «institutional mutant». Authors who interpret corruption as «status rent» tend to ignore the rent-seeking behavior of actors in rich countries. The article substantiates the idea of transferring to Russia the American legislation regulating the behavior of lobbyists, the contribution of funds to the electoral funds of parties and politicians. Such a transplant will dramatically reduce the volume of domestic corruption, while at the same time making the «electoral machines» much more transparent.
Eko-filozofia a perspektywa ekologicznego konserwatyzmu
Authors: Niedek Mikołaj 
Published: March 2021

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia stanowiska ekofilozoficzne prezentowane przez Henryka Skolimowskiego, Rogera Scrutona i papieża Franciszka w ich zapatrywaniach na kwestie problematyki ekologicznej. Dotyczy to zarówno diagnozowanych przyczyn współczesnego kryzysu ekologicznego, jak i konstruktywnych propozycji przeciwdziałania jemu poprzez zmianę naszego sposobu myślenia i postawy względem świata. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od zarysowania początków filozofii ekologicznej i jej definiowania jako refleksji światopoglądowej nad relacją człowieka wobec środowiska. Uwagę autora skupia ideowy profil koncepcji ekofilozoficznych, który wyznacza progresywny lub konserwatywny światopogląd stojący u podstaw danej ekofilozofii. Zdaniem autora zieloną filozofię R. Scrutona i koncepcję ekologii integralnej papieża Franciszka można zakwalifikować do ekologicznego konserwatyzmu. Ekofilozofia H. Skolimowskiego pozwala natomiast koncepcyjnie zapośredniczyć zarówno progresywne, jak i konserwatywne propozycje ekofilozoficzne. Zdaniem autora ważna jest świadomość zarówno różnic, jak i podobieństw różnych ekofilozofii. Wspólnym elementem analizowanych w artykule koncepcji jest znaczenie proekologicznego, przyjaznego środowisku stylu życia dla przeciwdziałania kryzysowi ekologicznemu.
Poziomy metali szkodliwych dla zdrowia w różnych typach żywności
Authors: Góralczyk Katarzyna , Dziubak Anita , Kręźlewicz Adrianna 
Published: March 2021

Zdrowie człowieka w dużym stopniu zależy od jego przyzwyczajeń żywieniowych. Dlatego tak istotne jest, aby spożywać żywność o odpowiedniej jakości zarówno pod względem odpowiedniej zawartości w niej składników odżywczych, jak i dopuszczalnej obecności różnych zanieczyszczeń. Jeśli chodzi o te ostatnie, to w żywności powszechnie występują metale i ich związki, których zawartość w głównej mierze wynika z powszechnej ich obecności w różnych elementach środowiska. O jakości zdrowotnej żywności świadczą przede wszystkim poziomy mikro- i makroelementów. Materiał i metody: Materiał do badań stanowiły próbki żywności z produkcji ekologicznej i konwencjonalnej. Do badań wytypowano najpopularniejsze w diecie w naszym kraju owoce i warzywa, odpowiednio: jabłka i marchew. W próbkach tych oznaczano metodą spektrometrii emisyjnej ze wzbudzeniem plazmowym (ICP-OES) poziomy metali szkodliwych dla zdrowia: kadm (Cd), ołów (Pb), arsen (As) i rtęć (Hg), a także wybrane mikro- i makroelementy: wapń (Ca), potas (K), magnez (Mg), fosfor (P), żelazo (Fe), mangan (Mn), cynk (Zn) i glin (Al). Próbki były poddawane mineralizacji mikrofalowej. Wyniki: Zawartość metali szkodliwych dla zdrowia (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) w badanych próbkach jabłek i marchwi były znacznie niższe od najwyższych dopuszczalnych poziomów ustalonych w ustawodawstwie unijnym i nie różniły się istotnie w uprawach konwencjonalnych vs. ekologicznych. Podobne rezultaty wykazano w przypadku mikro- i makroelementów.
Opportunities for predicting cesarean scar insufficiency
Authors: Galustyan M. V. , Kutsenko I. I. , Borovikov I. O. , Magay A. S. 
Published: March 2021

Objective. The study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of different methods of assessing the condition of the scar on the uterus after a cesarean section.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of assessing the validity of the scar on the uterus in the pre-graviridar period and during pregnancy ultrasound (ultrasound) investigation with dopplerometry (DM), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and microwave radiothermometry (RTM). The study included fertile patients after delivery by cesarean section (n = 56), at the planning stage, during pregnancy and after delivery, both through natural birth pathways and by re-cesarean section.Results. A comparative analysis of the assessment of the scar in the uterus by the mentioned methods revealed the comparable diagnostic value of these methods during the planning phase of pregnancy and in gestation time 11–12 and 20 –21 weeks, while at the period of 37–38 weeks, the sensitivity of RTM was significantly (1.6 times) higher than ultrasound investigation.Conclusions. Despite the high diagnostic effectiveness of all three methods of assessing the condition of the uterine scar after cesarean section, the method of microwave radiothermometry has advantages in the simplicity of the method, lack of need for expensive equipment, and specialized qualifications of the doctor.
Morphological verification of the first missed abortion
Authors: Lebedenko E. Y. , Milovanov A. P. , Sablina N. V. , Fokina T. V. , Gaida O. V. 
Published: March 2021

Objective. The study aimed to compare the level of INF a2 immunoexpression in tissues obtained during medical abortion with the corresponding level of IFNa2 expression in a retained fetal egg tissues after the first missed abortion. The authors compared the anamnestic data on previous inflammatory diseases of the genital tract with the results of an extended morphological study of the material obtained during the evacuation of the contents of the uterine cavity during the first non-developing pregnancy in the first trimester.Materials and methods. The study included 15 patients with first-time missed abortions caused by a viral infection (6-8 weeks of pregnancy). All patients demonstrated either recurrent herpes simplex labialis/genitalis or PCR confirmed HSV, HPV, CMV. Exclusion criteria were recurrent miscarriage, blighted ovum, endocrinopathies, male factor infertility, and other causes of miscarriage. The comparison group included 20 women of the same age that chose to undergo a medical abortion.Results. In patients from the comparison group, the main producer of IFN a2 was syncytiotrophoblast as well as maternal decidual cells in the parietal endometrium and uteroplacental area. In the main group, manifested hematogenous infection (microabscesses, vasculitis, lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration) with dystrophy and necrosis of decidual maternal cells and secondary pathological changes in the placental villi were diagnosed, which led to a significant decrease in the IFN a2 immunoexpression in all the studied cells.Conclusion. The lack of anamnestic data on previous urogenital infections does not exclude the etiological role of the inflammatory component in the genesis of non-developing pregnancy. First-time occurred pregnancy loss requires adequate postoperative interferon therapy and a thorough examination of a couple.