bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Philosophy‐Literature Interface
Authors: May Brendan 
Published: April 2021

Analytic philosophy has come to dominate modern academic thought. It is a method of study that attempts to solve problems through a logical analysis of the terms in which they are expressed. In many ways, analytic philosophy strives not to discover new metaphysical or supernatural truths. Rather, it is meant to provide a deeper understanding of existing truths. This strain of philosophy, I believe, sets forth exactly those goals and methods of thinking upon which philosophy should concentrate. The investigation and clarification of the state of the world, whether through logic, metaphysics, value theory, or epistemology, is an invaluable development that is best suited to philosophical analysis. However, this restricted focus means that something must pick up where philosophy leaves off. The solutions to any potential problems or shortcomings necessarily imposed on analytic philosophy need to be found within a different realm of study. This support to philosophy can be found in the study of English, or literature. Neither realm of thought is more inherently valuable. Each is needed for different reasons, and each relies on the other. Philosophy needs literature to enter the modes of thought into which it cannot validly stray. Literature needs philosophy to provide a stable base of thought from which it can imaginatively expand. In short, no set of ideas can stand alone, and the rise of analytic philosophy has made its discipline’s role extremely clear. It has also made evident the fact that philosophy’s greatest ally and clearest counterpart is literature.
Give it Away Now: An Explanation of the Empirical Results of the Ultimatum and Centipede Games
Authors: Mulligan Liam 
Published: April 2021

Economics defines individual rationality as consumers making choices that maximize their utility in anticipation of the future consequences of these choices. In theory, a consumer will take his or her income and allocate it towards purchases that maximize his or her utility given his or her stable of reasonably static preferences (in the short run) and estimated changes to preferences in the long run. In order for an agent to maximize his or her utility, the agent must also maximize his or her income. However, behavioural studies on human decisions in economic games (game theory) have shown that consumers do not always maximize their income. Two games in particular (Ultimatum and Centipede) have demonstrated that seemingly rational players may not maximize income, whether for perceived fairness, justice, or punishment. Practical applications of these results are observed in labour relations when striking unionized employees earn less with a labour stoppage than they would have if they had avoided losing time at work. Specifically, a seven week strike in 2008 by CUPE Local 855 (Kawartha Lakes) is examined. It is determined that all four job types in the City of Kawartha Lakes Children’s Services department lost income because of the strike. Reasoning and empirical results from both the Ultimatum and Centipede games will be used to explain the Union’s decision to strike and to strike for as long as they did
Empowering Residents and Families for Care Decisions at End of Life
Authors: Barnett Eva L. , Reese Susan 
Published: April 2021

Emphasis on client‐centred care is the philosophy for most health care institutions. Long‐term care nursing homes have adopted this philosophy as well, with added emphasis on quality End‐of‐Life Care. Medical advancements have made End‐of‐Life care more complex and individuals and families are often asked to make crucial care decisions in the midst of crisis for their loved ones that may not be in accordance with the actual wishes of their loved ones. Fairmount Nursing Home in Glenburnie has been a leader in their expertise in client centered care. This setting provided a welcoming environment for two of the Queen’s 4 th year nursing students to complete a practicum in Community Health Promotion. Our goal was to increase quality of care at End‐of‐Life by stimulating conversations around advanced decision‐ making. The focus was on expanding the knowledge of residents and their families and Substitute Decision Makers and thereby prompting thoughts about discussion before acute illness or crisis. A social assessment and literature search revealed that everyone has “a story to tell” about a personal End‐of‐Life experience. Through the development of a toolkit, reminders in the Fairmount monthly newsletter to advise readers of resources, and a presentation of information and resources at“Family Night”, we intended to encourage earlier important and focused conversations between residents, families and staff. We found that the information we presented promoted both discussion and questions regarding End‐of‐ Life. Strategic work must continue in order to assist people of all ages and stages of life to talk about their values and wishes before a health crisis intervenes and the opportunity for thoughtful choice is lost.
Deontic Reasoning and Social‐Convention Learning in Preschoolers
Authors: Mak Joyce 
Published: April 2021

Deontic reasoning is the understanding of what may, must, or ought (not) to be done under given circumstances (Wellman & Miller, 2008). Deontic logic is often applied to social‐conventional rules (such as "set the table with the fork on the left") to give those social‐ conventions moral force, even though most people would agree that arbitrary social conventions are morally neutral. A critical question concerns whether the connection between social‐conventions and deontic logic is present in young children, or learned more slowly over time. To examine this, we provided forty‐eight (24 male; 24 female) 3‐year‐ old children with an arbitrary rule for a game involving yellow and orange balls. For half the children the rule was provided with deontic language (e.g., "you should use the orange balls"), and half were not (e.g., "use the orange balls"). Additionally, half the children were given a social‐ conventional rationale (e.g., "everyone does it that way"), while the other half were given a moral rationale (e.g., "it's the right thing to do"). If children understand that deontic logic applies even to social‐ conventional rules, then we expect that they will comply with the arbitrary game rule most when the rule is provided with deontic language and a moral rationale. This research will help parents and early childhood caregivers to better understand how young children view social‐conventional rules. This in turn will provide insight into how these social conventional rules, which are highly valued and critical to learn, might best be taught within families, day cares, and classrooms.
Organic Farm Environmental Design
Authors: Zabrodski Adam , Janzen Ryan , Eichhorn Geoff , Sellars Julia 
Published: April 2021

Organic farming has regulations for water and soil quality that must be met in order to become certified. A farm approximately 50 km from Kingston is trying to convert to a certified organic operation to supply Queen’s University with domestic produce. To ensure the farm can be certified, extensive testing of the water and soil is necessary to ascertain that the property is free from contaminants. Monitoring wells were installed on the property and water samples were tested to ensure they met regulations, as were soil samples. The soil was also classified for its suitability for agriculture. GPS and Geophysical surveys were implemented to model the bedrock and map the height of the water table to determine groundwater flow in the area. To promote sustainability, a literature review of alternative energy sources was completed including the applicability of wind, solar, and geothermal energy as well as biodiesel. This research in conjunction with field‐testing was used to decide on a final design for the farm, including water management, suggested energy sources, and agricultural land used
ANALISIS PERILAKU PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK SISWA SMPS ABDI AGAPE SINGKAWANG
Authors: Nopita Nopita , Mayasari Dian , Suwanto Insan 
Published: April 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) Perilaku prokrastinasi akademik siswa SMPS Abdi Agape Singkawang. 2) Penyebab terjadinya perilaku prokrastinasi siswa SMPS Abdi Agape Singkawang. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskiftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah siswa SMPS Abdi Agape Singkawang yang melakukan perilaku prokrastinasi akademik. Objek dalam penelitian adalah perilaku prokrastinasi yang di lakukan siswa SMPS Abdi Agape Singkawang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini mengunakan wawancara, pengamatan, dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang didapatkan dilapangan 1) Perilaku prokrastinasi akademik siswa adalah menunda memulai dan menyelesaikan tugas; siswa terlambat dalam mengumpulkan tugas; siswa lebih suka melakukan aktivitas lain yang menyenangkan seperti berbicara di kelas, menganggu teman di kelas, bermain game online. 2) Penyebab perilaku prokrastinasi akademik adalah siswa tidak mengerti penjelasan tugas yang diberikan guru; siswa tidak menyukai mata pelajaran tertentu seperti Ilmu Pengetahan Alam, Matematika, Bahasa Inggris, Bahasa indonesia, Ilmu Pengetahan Sosial; ikut-ikutan teman yang tidak mengerjakan tugas, motivasi belajar yang rendah.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>
Popular Leadership Style in Local Bureaucracy
Authors: Juniar Erika , Atmojo Singgih Tiwut , Aswati Liza 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to find leadership style popular (autocratic, laissez-faire, paternalistic, charismatic and democratic) on employee work discipline at Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City. In this study, using a form of qualitative research. The method of data collection consisted of primary data (observations, and questionnaires). The population of this study was the employes in Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City, and the sample is all populations made into samples. This study concluded that together or simultaneously leadership style has an influence on employee work discipline of the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City, with a significance of 0.004 &lt; 0.05. Four of the five independent variables proved influential on work discipline, the variable is autocratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, and democratic. The conclusion of this study was that what was felt by employees of Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Singkawang City that the popular leadership style in their opinion was style autocratic, laissez-faire, charismatic and democratic style.
Caracterización territorial de la cuenca alta del río Sábalo, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador
Authors: Mendoza-Rodríguez Tania , González-Dávila Ricardo Paúl , Acosta-Jacome Marco Vinicio , Recalde-Quiroz Mirian 
Published: April 2021

Existen problemáticas ambientales, de deforestación por avance de la frontera agrícola, uso de plaguicidas, compactación y erosión del suelo, entre otros, sobre la Cordillera de los Andes, que se convierten en factores determinantes en la configuración de los paisajes y del territorio, este último entendido como el lugar donde se evidencian no solo los aspectos biofísicos, sino principalmente los culturales, que en definitiva determinan la forma en cómo se trabaja el suelo, se producen los alimentos y se gestan las relaciones sociales que configuran los actuales paisajes de la cordillera de los Andes. La cuenca alta del río Sábalo, ubicada en la parroquia de Valle Hermoso, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas no escapa a esta realidad andina, caracterizada su problemática ambiental principalmente por el avance de la frontera agrícola, la deforestación en áreas sensibles como nacimientos de agua, y en las riberas de los esteros Lolita y Roncador que al unir sus aguas a la altura del km 3 conforman el río Sábalo. Uno de los indicadores que se usaron en la presente investigación como reflejo de esta problemática es la contaminación de materia orgánica (DQO), la cual se incrementa aguas abajo 10,7 mg L-1 en relación con la parte alta de la cuenca que corresponde a 2,44 mg L-1. Se encontró que el caudal de los cuerpos de agua en época seca desaparece o disminuye a niveles que no alcanzan a cumplir con las condiciones de caudal ecológico. En cuanto a los parámetros microbiológicos especialmente Coliformes Fecales (CF) el agua en la zona de captación del río Sábalo (Parte baja de la cuenca) no cumple con lo establecido en la Tabla 3 del TULSMA.
Impacto de la extensión universitaria en los resultados productivos de una cooperativa ganadera en Cuba
Authors: Galindo Juana , Torres Verena , Borroto Omelio 
Published: April 2021

Desde la actividad de Extensión Universitaria del Instituto de Ciencia Animal, perteneciente al Ministerio de la Educación Superior (MES) de Cuba y con la colaboración de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM), Ecuador se desarrolló la presente ponencia la que tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la extensión universitaria en los resultados productivos de una unidad ganadera y las medidas para su reconversión. El trabajo se condujo en la unidad básica de producción cooperativa (UBPC) Maniabo, en la provincia Las Tunas. Se aplicaron diferentes herramientas para la gestión integral del sistema productivo, las que permitieron su caracterización y tipificación. Se utilizó la información productiva que se generó durante los años 1993 a 2014, se conformó la matriz de correlación y se aplicó el Modelo Estadístico de Medición de Impacto en Sistemas Agropecuarios en el Trópico (MEMI). La componente principal producción de leche-rebaño-nacimiento explicó el 83.96% de variabilidad de los resultados, conformándose 4 grupos según la similitud de sus características. El índice de impacto fue variable durante los 18 años y fue negativo para la producción de leche desde el 2001 hasta 2005. Los pastos naturales estuvieron representados en el 91,04% del área, lo que produjo déficit de biomasa de 3087 t MS. El desarrollo organizacional y el programa de capacitación a los actores sociales permitió revertir la situación productiva. Se concluye que la metodología que se empleó para medir el impacto del proceso productivo por métodos estadísticos-matemáticos fue adecuada y permitió la evaluación de las variaciones productivas que se produjeron. Los resultados alcanzados contribuyeron a la toma de decisiones para la reconversión de la cooperativa con el empleo de variedades de pastos y forrajes de mayor valor nutritivo, lo que permitió el avance hacia la autosuficiencia alimentaria.
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Matematika melalui Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Dan Two Stay Two Stray Dengan Kemampuan Awal Di Sma Negeri 1 Terbanggi Besar
Authors: Utami Tri Indah 
Published: April 2021

The difference of students achievement in mathematics by using jigsaw and two stay two stray model learning with entry behavior at SMA N 1 Terbanggi Besar Lampung Tengah. The objectives of this research are to describe : 1) the interaction between learning and entry behavior on student’s achievement, 2)the difference of students achievement between Jigsaw and TSTS model learning, 3)the difference of students achievement through Jigsaw and TSTS model learning for high entry behavior students, 4)the difference of students achievement through Jigsaw and TSTS model learning for low entry behavior students. The method used is experimental research. The population of the research was conducted at two classes with the samples of students class X IPA 2 and X IPA 6 in SMA N I Terbanggi Besar Central Lampung , involving 64 students.The data collecting was done by using test instrument. Then the data analysis used variant analysis with two directions and T-test. The research results show that : (1) there is an interaction of student’s achievement between learning and their entry behavior with P-value of 0,036, (2) the average student’s achievement who use Jigsaw model learning is higher than TSTS model learning with average difference of 1,94 and P-value 0,024,(3) the average achievement on high entry behavior students who use Jigsaw model learning is higher than TSTS model learning with the average difference of 5,14 and P-value 0,045, (4) there is no differenceon the average achievement on low entry behavior studens who use Jigsaw and TSTS model learning with P-value of 0,852.
Upaya Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru Melalui Pelatihan Lesson Study bagi Guru-Guru Bahasa Inggris di Smp Binaan Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Winarto Kabul 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan kegiatan penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) ini meliputi tujuan umum dan tujuan khusus. Tujuan umumnya yakni : (1) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru-guru bahasa Inggris terhadap Lesson Study, (2) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru-guru bahasa Inggris terhadap langkah-langkah Lesson Study dalam PBM, (3) memberikan pengalaman kepada guru-guru bahasa Inggris dalam menerapkan LS dalam upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru, (4) memberikan pengalaman kepada siswa belajar bahasa Inggris dengan model LS, dan (5) memberikan masukan kepada sekolah/dinas pendidikan dalam menerapkan LS di sekolah/dinas pendidikan masing-masing. Adapun tujuan khusus kegiatan PTS ini yakni : (1) meningkatkan kualitas Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan guru tentang materi ajar, (3) meningkatkan pengetahuan guru tentang PBM, (4) meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam mengamati aktivitas pembelajaran, (5) menguatkan hubungan kolegalitas, dan (6) meningkatkan motivasi pengajar agar terus mengembangkan kualitas akademik mereka. Khalayak sasaran kegiatan ini adalah Guru-guru bahasa Inggris di wilayah SMP binaan di Kabupaten Blitar. Jumlah seluruh peserta ada 22 orang guru. Kegiatan PTS ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap yaitu (1) tahap pelatihan dan (2) tahap penerapan LS di sekolah. Hasil pelaksanaan Kegiatan PTS ini menghasilkan (1) Pemahaman guru-guru bahasa Inggris terhadap Lesson Study meningkat dari sebelum pelatihan LS dan sesudah mereka mengikuti pelatihan, (2) Pemahaman guru terhadap langkah-langkah Lesson Study dalam PBM meningkat lebih baik dibanding sebelum mengikuti pelatihan, (3) Pengaruh penerapan Lesson Study dalam upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru sangat baik karena dapat meningkatkan motivasi mengajar, menjamin transparansi PBM dan pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan profesionlisme guru, (4) Pengaruh penerapan LS terhadap pembelajaran siswa sangat baik, ini terlihat dari perubahan perilaku mereka yang menurut gurunya selama ini kurang aktif, dengan LS mereka menjadi lebih aktif di kelas.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Profesional Guru SMPN Satap Wlingi dalam Menyusun RPP Melalui Kegiatan Pelatihan
Authors: Bukhori Bukhori 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kompetensi guru pada SMPN Satap Wlingi dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan Pelatihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model yang dikembangkan oleh Kemis dan Taggart. Setiap tindakan atau siklus selalu terdiri dari empat kegiatan: 1) rencana tindakan, 2) pelaksanaan tindakan, 3) observasi atau Penelitian, dan 4) refleksi. Dari kegiatan penelitian ini dikatehui bahwa terjadi peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru SMPN Satap Wlingi dalam menyusun RPP melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Pada siklus I rata-rata skor yang diperoleh 57,5% dengan sebutan cukup. Setelah diadakan kegiatan dengan pendekatan pelatihan pada siklus II ternyata rata-rata skor yang diperoleh oleh subjek penelitian naik 24 skor, sehingga rata-rata skor yang diperoleh 91,0%. Dari sebutan cukup menjadi sangat baik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kegiatan pelatihan dapat peningkatkan kompetensi guru SMPN Satap Wlingi dalam menyusun RPP.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar Teknik Dasar Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Metode Drill dan Bermain Pada Siswa Kelas V di SDN Tingal 02 Garum
Authors: Mujayanah Tri 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran objektif mengenai peningkatan motivasi dan prestasi belajar teknik dasar permainan voli melalui metode drill dan bermain di kelas V SDN 02 Tinggal Garum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), yang dilaksanakan tiga siklus dengan tiga tahapan. Subjek penelitian seluruh siswa kelas V di SDN Tingal 02 Kecamatan Garum Kabupten Blitar yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan aktivitas anak dalam setiap siklusnya. Siklus I keaktifan belajar siswa mencapai rata-rata (66.67%), Siklus II keaktifan belajar siswa mencapai rata-rata (75%), dan Siklus III keaktifan belajar siswa mencapai rata-rata (88.89%). dan peningkatan prosentase ketuntasan belajar siswa dari siklus I sampai dengan siklus III. Siklus I prosentase ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai (66.67%), Siklus II prosentase ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai (75%), dan Siklus III prosentase ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai (87.50%).
High Scalability Document Clustering Algorithm Based On Top-K Weighted Closed Frequent Itemsets
Authors: Pradnyana Gede Aditra , Djunaidy Arif 
Published: April 2021

Documents clustering based on frequent itemsets can be regarded a new method of documents clustering which is aimed to overcome curse of dimensionality of items produced by documents being clustered. The Maximum Capturing (MC) technique is an algorithm of documents clustering based on frequent itemsets that is capable of producing a better clustering quality in compared to other similar algorithms. However, since the maximum capturing technique employed frequent itemsets, it still suffers from such several weaknesses as the emergence of items redundancy that may still cause curse of dimensionality, difficult to determine the minimum support value from a set of documents to be clustered, and no weighting on items incurred to the resulting frequent itemsets. To cope with those various weaknesses, in this research, an algorithm of documents clustering based on weighted top-k closed frequent itemsets, which is called as Weighted Maximum Capturing (WMC) algorithm, is developed. The proposed algorithm involves the frequent pattern tree algorithm to mine closed frequent itemsets from a set of documents without specifying the minimum support value of items to be generated. Experimental results showed that improvement on the resulting clustering accuracy was produced. The resulting average values of F-measure of 0.713 and purity of 0.721 with improvement ratio of 1.4% for F-measure and 2% for purity. Nevertheless, results of the scalability test showed very significant improvement. The WMC algorithm only requires the average computing time of 623.77 minutes, 518.05 minutes faster than the average computing time required by the MC algorithm.
Cytotoxic Activity of Citral from Cymbopogon nardus as Anticancer of MCM-B2 Cell
Authors: Hasim Hasim , Nasution Surya Pangidoan , Kurniawati Silvi Octavia , Rachmawati Indah 
Published: April 2021

Cancer is a deadly disease caused by cell abnormalities characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. One type of cancer that is the second leading cause of death is breast cancer. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) is a plant containing citral and geraniol which has the potential as an anticancer. This research was aimed to analyze the potential of essential oils from citronella as antiproliferation of MCM-B2 breast cancer cells. The results of this research showed that lemongrass essential oil was able to significantly reduce the growth of MCM-B2 cancer cells (p<0.05). The concentration of 3 ppm showed an significant difference in doxorubicin, and the concentration of 24 ppm had the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.38 ppm.

Keywords: Antiproliferation, breast cancer, MCM-B2, essential oils, fragrant lemongrass