bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of large wood added to Midwestern USA streams
Authors: Bosio Samuel F. , Shirey Patrick D. , Entrekin Sally A. , Hoellein Timothy J. , Moerke Ashley H. , Rosi Emma J. , Tank Jennifer L. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLarge wood (LW) additions are commonly used to restore degraded streams, particularly in regenerating forests that have low LW recruitment due to past logging. While the short‐term effects of LW input on stream structure and function are well studied, the long‐term dynamics of added wood are less documented. We assessed the long‐term movement and condition of LW added to three small (mean discharge, 28–47 L s−1) midwestern USA streams. In 2004, 25 aspen logs (2.5 m L × 0.5 m D) were added to 100‐m treatment reaches of three replicate streams in northern Michigan, USA, that contained low prior LW abundance. We monitored log movement and evaluated factors contributing to that movement over 14 years. Across all three streams, 41 of the 75 added logs moved downstream, with a mean travel distance of 4.0 m (SD, 7.0 m; n = 75). However, all logs still remained within their original reaches. Most log movements occurred within the first 3 years following placement and were associated with high flow events. Individual log mobility was related to position in the channel; logs that were at least 70% submerged, and near horizontal in inclination, accounted for 83% of the single movements ≥0.5 m. In addition, after 14 years 32% of logs became part of aggregations and 86% displayed substantial decay. Our study suggests that restoration efforts that add LW to small, groundwater‐dominated streams can pose minimal risk to downstream reaches or human structures and may provide sustained ecological benefits to the ecosystem.
Rich −NH2 Mesoporous g‐C3N4 Nanosheets Efficient for Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides without Solvent and Co‐Catalyst
Authors: Wang Hefang , Liu Guanghui , Hao Xiaojun , Li Manhua , Yang Lijia , Sun Peidong , Zhang Huixin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with N‐containing groups is an attractive catalyst for various CO2‐activating reactions. Herein, a rich −NH2 mesoporous g‐C3N4 nanosheets catalyst was successfully prepared by thermal exfoliation from bulk g‐C3N4 with porous structure using urea and melamine as precursors. With urea as precursor and bubble template, the nanosheets after thermal exfoliation showed large surface area (236.4 m2 g−1), rich mesopores and −NH2 groups, which are base sites of cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. The obtained catalyst showed high catalytic performance for CO2 cycloaddition without solvent and co‐catalyst. Propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 cycloaddition to propylene carbonate (PC) was used as probe reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance. Under the optimal reaction conditions (130 °C, 2.5 MPa, 20 h), the conversion of PO was 97.8 % and selectivity to PC was 98.1 %. In addition, the obtained catalyst showed good suitability for various substrates in CO2 cycloaddition and stability.
A Novel Fluorescent 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxaldehyde‐ 2,5‐diaminoterephthalicacid‐Schiff Base Polymer for Cu2+ Detection
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Cai Keying , Song Yonghai , Zhu Yongmei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel fluorescent Schiff base polymer (PTDA‐DATA‐SBP) is synthesized by amine aldehyde condensation reaction between 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarboxaldehyde (PTDA) and 2,5‐diaminoterephthalicacid (DATA) as a selective fluorescent probe for Cu2+ detection. The as‐prepared PTDA‐DATA‐SBP displayed irregular nanospheres with a diameter of about 5 μm. Under the excitation of 338 nm, the PTDA‐DATA‐SBP had a characteristic emission peak at 565 nm. The PTDA groups in PTDA‐DATA‐SBP could coordinate with Cu2+ under help of carboxyl groups of DATA. Owing to the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, the fluorescence of PTDA‐DATA‐SBP was weakened after the addition of Cu2+ in the presence of common ions. Hence, the PTDA‐DATA‐SBP was exploited as a fluorescent nanosensor for sensing Cu2+. The PTDA‐DATA‐SBP showed high selectivity and fast response towards Cu2+ even in presence of other relevant metal ions. The PTDA‐DATA‐SBP fluorescent sensor has a good linear range of 3.45 nM–8.00 μM, and the limit of detection was as low as 1.15 nM. The proposed PTDA‐DATA‐SBP sensor could also detect Cu2+ in actual samples. The work not only provided a good fluorescent probe for Cu2+ detection but also provided a feasible strategy to construct highly selective fluorescent probes.
Bimetal CoNi Active Sites on Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets to Kinetically Boost Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Luo Rui , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Zhang Jing , Xi Baojuan , Tian Fang , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problem that soluble polysulfide intermediates diffuse between cathode and anode during charging and discharging, which leads to rapid attenuation of battery cycle life, the separator modification materials come into people's sight. Herein, a mesoporous carbon‐supported cobalt‐nickel bimetal composite (CoNi@MPC) is synthesized and directly coated on the original separator to serve as a secondary collector for lithium−sulfur batteries. CoNi@MPC exhibits multiple Co‐Ni active sites, able to catalyze the reactions of soluble polysulfides, specifically accelerating the generation and decomposition of insoluble Li2S in lithiation and delithiation process testified by the electrochemical results and density functional theory calculation. Relying on the bifunctionality of CoNi@MPC composite, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides can be effectively alleviated. Moreover, porous carbon as the conductive scaffold favors the improvement of electronic conductivity. Benefiting from the above advantages, the cell with CoNi@MPC separator indicates significantly enhanced electrochemical performances with excellent cycling life over 500 cycles and superior rate capabilities.
An In Silico Glioblastoma Microenvironment Model Dissects the Immunological Mechanisms of Resistance to PD‐1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhuoyu , Liu Lunan , Ma Chao , Cui Xin , Lam Raymond H. W. , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe PD‐1 immune checkpoint‐based therapy has emerged as a promising therapy strategy for treating the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). However, patient response varies in clinical trials, mainly due to the tumor heterogeneity and immunological resistance in the tumor microenvironment. To further understand how mechanistically the niche interplay and competition drive anti‐PD‐1 resistance, an in silico model is established to quantitatively describe the biological rationale of critical GBM‐immune interactions, such as tumor growth and apoptosis, T cell activation and cytotoxicity, and tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) mediated immunosuppression. Such an in silico experimentation and predictive model, based on the in vitro microfluidic chip‐measured end‐point data and patient‐specific immunological characteristics, allows for a comprehensive and dynamic analysis of multiple TAM‐associated immunosuppression mechanisms against the anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. The computational model demonstrates that the TAM‐associated immunosuppression varies in severity across different GBM subtypes, which results in distinct tumor responses. The prediction results indicate that a combination therapy by co‐targeting of PD‐1 checkpoint and TAM‐associated CSF‐1R signaling can enhance the immune responses of GBM patients, especially those patients with mesenchymal GBM who are irresponsive to the single anti‐PD‐1 therapy. The development of a patient‐specific in silico–in vitro GBM model will help navigate and personalize immunotherapies for GBM patients.
Cardioprotective effects of transplanted adipose‐derived stem cells under Ang II stress with Danggui administration augments cardiac function through upregulation of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor in late‐stage hypertension rats
Authors: Barik Parthasarathi , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Chen Ray‐Jade , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Chang Yung‐Ming , Padma V. Vijaya , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn aging hypertensive conditions, deterioration of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) cause a pathological impact on hypertensive hearts with an increased Ang II level. Recovering these adverse conditions through transplanted adipose‐derived stem cells is a challenging approach. Moreover, Danggui, a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is used for the treatment of cardioprotective effects. In this study, to evaluate whether the combined effect of MSCs and TCM can recover the cardiac function in late‐stage hypertension rats. We observed that lower dose of Danggui crude extract treatment showed an increased level of cell viability with maintained stemness properties and growth rate in rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rADSCs). Further, we cocultured the H9c2 cells with rADSCs and the results revealed that Danggui‐treated MSCs enhanced the IGF1R expression and attenuated the hypertrophy in H9c2 cells against Ang II challenge by immunoblot and rhodamine‐phalloidin staining. In addition, Danggui crude extract was also quantified and characterized by HPLC and LC–MS analysis. Furthermore, the in vivo study was performed by considering 11 months old rats (n = 7). Importantly, the oral administration of Danggui crude extract with stem cells intravenous injection in SHR‐D‐ADSCs group showed a combination effect to augment the cardiac function through enhancement of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, contractility function in the late‐stage hypertension conditions. We have also observed a decreased apoptosis rate in the heart tissue of SHR‐D‐ADSCs group. Taken together, these results indicate that the combinatorial effects of Danggui crude extract and stem cell therapy enhanced cardiac function in late‐stage SHR rats.
Nigella sativa oil protects against emamectin benzoate‐Induced neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Madkour Doaa A. , Ahmed Mohamed M. , Orabi Sahar H. , Sayed Samy M. , Korany Reda M. S. , Khalifa Hanem K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the ameliorative impact of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on emamectin benzoate (EMB) neurotoxicity. Thirty‐five male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n = 7). G1 (control): received distilled water; G2: received NSO (3 ml. Kg−1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G3: received EMB (9 mg kg−1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G4: was co‐treated with NSO and EMB for 6 weeks; G5: was treated with EMB for 4 weeks then, received NSO for 2 weeks. All treatments were given orally every other day. EMB increased serum urea, creatinine levels; brain dopamine, serotonin, malondialdehyde levels; brain expression levels of caspase 3 and TNF‐α. While, it decreased serum total protein, albumin, brain GABA, AChE, GSH‐Px, CAT, and SOD levels. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhage, congestion, severe degeneration, and edema of the brain tissues. NSO reversed the EMB‐induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. This NSO effect is mostly due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. These findings suggest NSO as a potential protective and therapeutic agent for EMB‐induced neurotoxicity.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of Two Cobalt (II) Complexes Based on Pyridine Carboxylic Acid Ligands
Authors: Wei Runzhi , Liu Zheng , Wei Wenchang , Liang Chuxin , Han Guo‐Cheng , Zhan Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo undocumented cobalt (II) complexes [Co(5‐Br‐2,3‐pydc)(H2O)3 ⋅ H2O]n (namely Co‐MOF 1) and [Co(6‐Me‐2,3‐pydc)(H2O)3]n (namely Co‐MOF 2), were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. The X‐ray single crystal diffraction, infrared spectrometer (IR), UV‐Vis spectrum and X‐ray diffraction were used to characterize and analyze the structure of the two MOFs. The single crystal structure analysis showed that Co‐MOF 1 reconnected by Co−N bond and Co−O bond to form a one‐dimensional chains. The Co‐MOF 2 was connected by Co−O and Co−N bonds to form a one‐dimensional chain.The results indicated that complexes Co‐MOF 1 and Co‐MOF 2 have a certain thermal stability and fluorescence properties.
1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane (tacn) with N,N′‐bridging methylene‐bis(phosphinic acid) group and its complexes
Authors: Pazderová Lucia , Kubíček Vojtěch , Kotek Jan , Hermann Petr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA bicyclic ligand, 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane 1,4‐bridged with methylene‐bis(phosphinate) and bearing benzyl substituent on the remaining amino group, was synthesized from N‐benzyl‐tacn and CH2(PO2H2)2 by two sequential Mannich‐type reactions in a high yield. Basicity of the macrocycle is high (pK1=12.25). Complexes with CuII and NiII ions show dimeric structures in the solid state. The structures exhibit distorted octahedral environment with two ring amino groups from one molecule and two oxygen atoms of chelating bis(phosphinate) anion from the other molecule in the equatorial plane, and with the apical positions occupied by the remaining macrocycle amino group and by one of the phosphinate oxygen atoms. The metal ions in the dimers are additionally bridged by one phosphinate group. Stability of the CuII complex is more than ten orders of magnitude lower than that of the [Cu(nota)]− complex due to a different number and different nature of the pendant arms, and inappropriate arrangement of donor atoms in the ligand bicyclic structure. Rigidity of the short P−C−P chain of the geminal methylene‐bis(phosphinate) does not allow simultaneous coordination of both phosphinate groups and the ring amines to the same metal ion. The low solubility of NiII and ZnII complexes disabled determination of their stability constants.
Healthcare of Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFinnish authorities provide undocumented migrants with at least emergency healthcare services, but very few (if any) undocumented migrants use these or other public healthcare services. There are challenges to accessing healthcare, including language, culture or communication, inadequate information, difficult opening times, lack of specialised services, fear of using such services, and lack of networks relating to social and healthcare services. The provision of wider healthcare services and prevention of illnesses is actually less expensive for countries than providing undocumented migrants with only emergency healthcare.This chapter discusses the undocumented migrants’ access to healthcare and their use of healthcare services. The Constitution of Finland guarantees emergency healthcare services for everyone staying in Finland, including undocumented migrants; however, the actual provision of healthcare (emergency or otherwise) for undocumented migrants varies greatly among local municipalities. Furthermore, few migrants use these available services. The majority turn to unofficial services, with some risk for themselves and the local community. The chapter highlights issues regarding the mental and physical health of undocumented migrants, who often suffer from trauma, which is not properly treated. It also discusses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on undocumented migrants in Finland.
Improvement of Human and Environmental Health Through Waste Management in Antigua and Barbuda
Authors: Spencer Ruth Viola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntigua and Barbuda is currently experiencing an expansion in integrated waste management driven by local community groups. These events are catalytic and transformational, fit well into SEPLS methodologies, and contribute to many of the biodiversity targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With waste being a direct driver of and major challenge for biodiversity, climate change and land degradation, many positive multi-dimensional impacts are being seen, realised and manifested that contribute positively to reducing land-based sources of pollution through community stewardship. Such local actions positively impact the sustainable management of natural resources and the protection of habitats. Likewise, they support land degradation neutrality, protection and safeguarding of the ecosystems that provide our soil, air and water resources, sustain livelihoods, and facilitate transfer of knowledge to children and youth.This attempt to pilot a circular economy approach is providing vocational and life skills training, as well as income generation for the local community, including new forms of capacity building and development, while reducing soil, water and air pollution. Public-private partnerships built through this project are motivating other groups to follow a similar path to biodiversity transformation. Changes in attitudes and behaviours, and the building of knowledge and capacities in the next generation, is taking place through school and community outreach programmes.The project has led to community empowerment in understanding that everyone has a role to play in sustainable development and that through collective actions, changes to improve public health can be made.
On topological recursion for Wilson loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM at strong coupling
Authors: Beccaria M. , Hasan A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider U(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory and discuss how to extract the strong coupling limit of non-planar corrections to observables involving the $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS Wilson loop. Our approach is based on a suitable saddle point treatment of the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion in the Gaussian matrix model. Working directly at strong coupling we avoid the usual procedure of first computing observables at finite planar coupling λ, order by order in 1/N, and then taking the λ ≫ 1 limit. In the proposed approach, matrix model multi-point resolvents take a simplified form and some structures of the genus expansion, hardly visible at low order, may be identified and rigorously proved. As a sample application, we consider the expectation value of multiple coincident circular supersymmetric Wilson loops as well as their correlator with single trace chiral operators. For these quantities we provide novel results about the structure of their genus expansion at large tension, generalising recent results in arXiv:2011.02885.
q-deformation of corner vertex operator algebras by Miura transformation
Authors: Harada Koichi , Matsuo Yutaka , Noshita Go , Watanabe Akimi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, Gaiotto and Rapcak proposed a generalization of WN algebra by considering the symmetry at the corner of the brane intersection (corner vertex operator algebra). The algebra, denoted as YL,M,N, is characterized by three non-negative integers L, M, N. It has a manifest triality automorphism which interchanges L, M, N, and can be obtained as a reduction of W1+∞ algebra with a “pit” in the plane partition representation. Later, Prochazka and Rapcak proposed a representation of YL,M,N in terms of L + M + N free bosons by a generalization of Miura transformation, where they use the fractional power differential operators.In this paper, we derive a q-deformation of the Miura transformation. It gives a free field representation for q-deformed YL,M,N, which is obtained as a reduction of the quantum toroidal algebra. We find that the q-deformed version has a “simpler” structure than the original one because of the Miki duality in the quantum toroidal algebra. For instance, one can find a direct correspondence between the operators obtained by the Miura transformation and those of the quantum toroidal algebra. Furthermore, we can show that the both algebras share the same screening operators.
Clock-dependent spacetime
Authors: Lee Sung-Sik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Einstein’s theory of general relativity is based on the premise that the physical laws take the same form in all coordinate systems. However, it still presumes a preferred decomposition of the total kinematic Hilbert space into local kinematic Hilbert spaces. In this paper, we consider a theory of quantum gravity that does not come with a preferred partitioning of the kinematic Hilbert space. It is pointed out that, in such a theory, dimension, signature, topology and geometry of spacetime depend on how a collection of local clocks is chosen within the kinematic Hilbert space.
On the challenges of searching for GeV-scale long-lived particles at the LHC
Authors: Bernreuther Elias , Mejia Juliana Carrasco , Kahlhoefer Felix , Krämer Michael , Tunney Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many models of dark matter predict long-lived particles (LLPs) that can give rise to striking signatures at the LHC. Existing searches for displaced vertices are however tailored towards heavy LLPs. In this work we show that this bias severely affects their sensitivity to LLPs with masses at the GeV scale. To illustrate this point we consider two dark sector models with light LLPs that decay hadronically: a strongly-interacting dark sector with long-lived exotic mesons, and a Higgsed dark sector with a long-lived dark Higgs boson. We study the sensitivity of an existing ATLAS search for displaced vertices and missing energy in these two models and find that current track and vertex cuts result in very low efficiency for light LLPs. To close this gap in the current search programme we suggest two possible modifications of the vertex reconstruction and the analysis cuts. We calculate projected exclusion limits for these modifications and show that they greatly enhance the sensitivity to LLPs with low mass or short decay lengths.
Non-equilibrium effective field theory and second sound
Authors: Landry Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate the phenomenon of second sound in various states of matter from the perspective of non-equilibrium effective field theory (EFT). In particular, for each state of matter considered, we find that at least two (though sometimes multiple) qualitatively different EFTs exist at finite temperature such that there is always at least one EFT with a propagating second-sound wave and at least one with no such second-sound wave. To aid in the construction of these EFTs, we use the method of cosets developed for non-equilibrium systems. It turns out that the difference between the EFTs with and without second-sound modes can be understood as arising from different choices of a new kind of inverse Higgs constraint. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to bypass the need for new inverse Higgs constraints by formulating EFTs on a new kind of manifold that is like the usual fluid worldvolume, but with reduced gauge symmetries.
Entropy linear response theory with non-Markovian bath
Authors: Chen Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe developed a perturbative calculation for entropy dynamics, which considers a sudden coupling between a system and a bath. The theory we developed can work in a general environment without Markovian approximation. A perturbative formula is given for bosonic environments and fermionic environments, respectively. We find the Rényi entropy response is only related to the spectral functions of the system and the environment, together with a statistical kernel distribution function. We find at2growth/decay in the short time limit and a lineartgrowth/decay in a longer time scale for the second Rényi entropy response. A non-monotonic behavior of Rényi entropy for fermionic systems is found to be quite general when the environmental temperature is the lower one. A Fourier’s law in heat transport is obtained when two systems’ temperatures are close to each other. A consistency check is made for Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model coupling to free fermions, a Page curve alike dynamics is found in a process dual to black hole evaporation. An oscillation of Rényi entropy is found for an environment with a gapped spectrum.