bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AED applied, not recommending defibrillation - A validation study of the new variable “AED” in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry
Authors: Casarini Eleonora , Ako Tazha , Ringgren Kristian Bundgaard , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Christensen Helle Collatz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: to design and implement a new variable, in accordance with the Utstein style – namely the variable “AED” - considering the challenges of reporting cases in which the AED did not recommend an electrical shock after analyzing cardiac arrhythmias, for use in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry.Participants: Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for which resuscitation was attempted between 2016 and 2019, identified in the nationwide Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry. Their medical records were reviewed to establish a positive variable in “AED”.Methods: Data from the national Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry were used to identify core features of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests medical recording in Denmark and its possible improvement. Results: Among n= 1080 cases, summary statistics on core recording variables of interest were collected. We found statistically significant differences in the two cohorts of cardiac arrests where an AED was present on the scene and recorded in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry, regarding age, location, emeregency medical service response time, witnesses, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, first monitored rhythm, direct current cardioversion shock delivered by the medical staff and survival outcomes such as return of spontaneous circulation at any time, status at arrival at hospital and 30-day survival. Conclusions: This validation study showed an improved completeness of registration of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests when implementing the new AED-variable, in accordance with the Utstein style. Thus, the new AED-variable is a valid and substantial resource for future epidemiological studies. However, a future effort to improve registration completeness along with continuous improvement of the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry is needed.
Phase diagram senses orbitals and prompts a fundamental constant
Authors: Abdulvagidov Shapiullah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Van der Waals’ discovery of that the volumes of molecules and their intermolecular attraction between them cause the peculiarities of the phase diagrams of gases and liquids1 gave the greatest impact on the progress of science and industry. Unfortunately, the phase charts of solids capable to advance scientific and technical progress remain uncomprehended mystery. Only the certain linear phase boundaries are understood by the struggle of magnetic field B against the thermal agitation2,3. Here we show that the intersection volume of internal atomic orbitals determines the form of phase boundary and, furthermore, energy per unit volume of the intersection is a new fundamental constant v = 8.941 eV/Å3. Together with the known struggle contribution2,3 to TC(B), we found a term proportional to the intersection volume of 3deg and 2p orbitals in the Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite. Hysteresis of TC is described by the avalanche-like widening of the intersection volume due to reducing the Coulomb distortion with double-exchange ferromagnetism. The pressure-TC diagram4 of (Sm1-xNdx)0.55Sr0.45MnO3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) is approximated with the same parameters as the TC(B) diagram of Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3. Furthermore, the diamond’s melting point 4157oC calculated from the intersection volume of sp3-orbitals is in excellent agreement with the real 4000oC. Tips explaining the puzzling pressure-TN diagrams5-10 of NiS, Ni1-xS1-ySey, BaVS3, V2O3, RNiO3 and ferrites were given. Our discovery is the beginning of condensed-matter geometrodynamics and marks an era of studying phase diagrams to advance condensed-matter physics and tailor new materials with predicted properties necessary in sunrise industries. Moreover, internucleon, interquark and intergluon orbital intersections would be useful for understanding the properties of nuclei, nucleons and quarks.
Sexual health and behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Qaderi Kowsar , Namadian Masoumeh , Sharafkhani Rahim , Rahmani Nahid , Ezabadi Sajjad Ghane , Kajbafvala Mehrnaz , Norouzi Solmaz , Motaqi Monireh , Alkatout Ibrahim , khodavirdilou Rasa , Shamsabadi Ahmadreza , Mehraeen Esmaeil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Sexual health as an essential component of life, has been affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Changing in sexual life has consequences for couples and society. A critical review of current literature on sexual function in general populations will shed light on possible determinants as well as at-risk groups. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the consequences of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health. Methods/Design: A systematic review of literature on data reporting changings of individuals’ sexual life during the COVID-19 pandemic will be performed. The scientific databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the World Health Organization, as well as protocols and guideline related to sexual health, behaviors, function and practices will be systematically searched from the onset of the disease in the world until August 15, 2021. We will consider, appraise, and synthesize studies including the change of sexual function and behaviour (physical, emotional, mental and relational health), SRH-care and services (contraception, birth control, STIs management), and sexual rights (gender-based and sexual minorities violence). Screening of search results and extraction of data from included studies will be conducted cooperatively by two authors. The quality of the studies will be appraised and documented. Results will be compiled and presented in evidence tables. Risk of bias (the quality assessment) will be evaluated by two review authors using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. This protocol has been conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Also, this protocol is registered in PROSPERO with number CRD42021275387.Discussion: Given the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the people’s sexual life and reproductive health, this review aims to provide accurate information on different aspects of sexual function and behavior in populations from various age groups, cultures, and sexual orientations sexual health and reproductive care delivery (contraception, and birth control, SDTs management) and sexual rights (gender-based and sexual minority, sexual violence) to provide a better understanding of COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on people’s sexual lives The findings could be used by health planners and health care providers to address the adverse effects of this period on reproductive health and sexual lives. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021275387
The physics of people’s opinions
Authors: Zachary Dan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the abstraction of classical physics and applies several metrics that explore the evolution of social opinion. These metrics include an abstraction of Newtonian kinematics: mass, position, speed, acceleration, and Newtonian dynamics, an abstraction of force. Poll data is fit to a 2nd-order polynomial and a logistic function. These fits are used to understand the acceleration of opinion shift, and we explore recent social, cultural, and environmental trends, such as views on global climate change. We compare our results with the evolution of communication technologies and time spent on devices over the past 120 years. We show that the model connects the evolution in opinion with an abstraction of a Galilean concept: acceleration is independent of mass. Finally, we discuss the model of social polarization and the non-linear effect of media such as echo chambers.
Evaluation of Potentially Inappropriate Prescription and Drug-Drug Interactions in the Critically Sick Elderly Patients in China
Authors: Yang Xiaohu , Owoicho Orgah John , Zhu Fengjia , Liu Wei , Yu Yihua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background There is ongoing debate about the incidence and relationships of potentially inappropriate prescriptions and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in elderly patients in China. Objective This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and DDIs in elderly patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 547 patients aged ≥65 years from the 30-bed ICU in a 3A (Class Three/Grade A) hospital in China over a 1-year period were included. The participant statistics and drugs prescribed were collected by the Hospital Information System (HIS). The study was limited to drugs ordered at and during ICU hospitalization. The drug list of every patient was reviewed to identify PIMs based on the 2012 Beers criteria, and the drugs implicated in PIMs were classified at five levels according to World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Results In total, 94.3% of the patients had prescriptions for ≥10 drugs, and 61.4% of the patients were prescribed at least one PIM. DDIs were identified in 95.6% of the medication profiles evaluated. Conclusions The results of this study conducted in an ICU setting that assessed the incidence and relationships of PIMs and pDDIs in elderly patients in China, providing baseline information and quantifying drug-related problems among critically ill elderly patients receiving PIMs. It is of clinical importance that better information must be provided to physicians and intensive care specialists regarding the risks and benefits of drug therapy, and patient compliance and inappropriate and unnecessary prescriptions must be addressed.
Study on perception on HIV infection and prevention among religious leaders of Presbyterian Church, Aizawl, Mizoram
Authors: Ralte MPH MBBS Lalchhanhima , Kannan Srinivasan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim of the study is to find the perceptions of Presbyterian Church leaders about HIV prevention in Aizawl, Mizoram. For the study, mixed method was followed for data collection. From 15 Presbyterian churches, 293 Church leaders representing four groups, that is, Pastor/Elder, Women, Youth and Men were randomly selected and used self-administered questionnaire for the purpose of understanding perceptions on HIV prevention from them. Chi-square test was done to understand the associations with different factors. Qualitative information was collected using in-depth interviews from 12 and focus group discussions from 3 leaders. Thirty four percent of leaders expressed willingness to advocate condom for prevention. Majority (97.3 %) of leaders felt they need to intervene and 90% were for including HIV prevention in church services. Two third (70 %) felt Biblical disobedience causes HIV and 80% felt homosexuals deserved it. Leaders preferred abstinence, marital fidelity, and condom use as appropriate methods for HIV prevention. About 70% agreed with the Church statement, ‘condoms encourage pre-marital sex’, and above 80% reported condom prevents HIV. Analysis show, contacting person living with HIV (PLHIV) was not positively associated with willingness to advocate condom use. Church leaders their inability quoting the church doctrine as constraint. Many felt disobedience to Biblical teachings and sinful acts result in HIV. Leaders felt, educating church leaders and disseminating sex education using church media were effective methods for HIV prevention.
PARP dependent recruitment of RNA methylated at 8-adenosine is linked to base excision repair mechanism
Authors: Legartova Sona , Suchankova Jana , Bartova Eva 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Methylation of RNAs, especially 6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified RNAs, plays a specific role in DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we observed that 8-methyladenosine (m8A)-modified RNA is recruited to UVA-microirradiated chromatin, which was reduced by inhibiting both DNA methylation and histone acetylation, especially in later phases of DDR. Most importantly, clinically used PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, prevents both m8A and m6A RNA accumulation at microirradiated chromatin. Testing the effect of PARPi on the efficiency of BER, NHEJ, and HR repair pathways, we observed that NHEJ repair proteins are down-regulated after PARP inhibition and recruitment of XRCC1, a factor of BER, to DNA lesions was abolished entirely. Conversely, the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, enhanced the genome-wide level of γH2AX that significantly interacted with m8A RNA, similar to DNA. Together, we showed that the recruitment of m6A RNA and m8A RNA to DNA lesions is PARP dependent, similarly as XRCC1 playing a role in the BER mechanism. We found that γH2AX likely stabilizes m8A/m6A RNA-DNA hybrid loops that are formed during PARP-dependent non-canonical m6A/m8A-mediated DNA repair pathway.
Assessing alcohol consumption patterns in Jinja and Masindi districts
Authors: Makumbi Gerald M , Sekimpi Deogratias K , Wanyana Mercy W , Musiime Primah , Mukisa John , Ssetimba Michael , Were Jackson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH) implemented a workplace and community based alcohol control intervention in the districts of Masindi and Jinja in Uganda where alcohol is highly consumed. UNACOH therefore conducted an end-of year evaluation with a main focus on two of the project’ anticipated outcomes. These include:1) Reduced risky alcohol consumption patterns among the communities in the project area especially among vulnerable and high risk groups (elderly, youth, women, commercial motorcyclists and fisher folk) by 2021 and 2) Legal restrictions on density of alcohol outlets, accessibility to minors and availability are in place in Masindi and Jinja district by 2021 .The main objective was therefore to assess alcohol consumption patterns among drinkers, perceptions about community awareness of alcohol control regulations and their perceived effectiveness in the project area (Masindi and Jinja) in the year 2020.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional evaluation conducted among 310 respondents in selected villages within the intervention Sub Counties of the Districts in the project area. These included; These included Karujubu Division,Miirya and Pakanyi Sub Counties in Masindi District, and Bugembe Town Council,Walukuba- Masese Division and Budondo Sub County in Jinja District. The primary outcomes were; reduced risky alcohol consumption patterns among the communities and presence of legal restrictions on density of alcohol outlets, accessibility to minors and availability. Quantitative data were entered and cleaned using Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 analyzed using STATA version 12.0. Descriptive analysis was used to generate information on the alcohol consumption patterns.Results Findings indicated that majority drinkers were male (71.34%) with only 0.93% below the age of 18 years. Spirits were the commonest type of alcohol consumed (40.78%). Risky alcohol consumptions were reported by nearly half (48.71%) of the drinkers. Male drinkers (81.88%) and those in Jinja (58.97%) reported significantly higher alcohol consumption in comparison with female drinkers (18.12%) and those in Masindi (38.31%) respectively. (χ2 =15.74 and p value of 0.000 and χ2=13.24 and p = 0.000).ConclusionVariation in risky alcohol consumption between the project areas could be attributed to differences in implementation of alcohol control regulations. In some project areas, communities were aware of alcohol control regulations and thought these had been beneficial in reducing alcohol related harm. Risky consumption among drinkers remained relatively high. If these negative trends are not reversed they could significantly increase the non-communicable disease burden including mental health.
Trust in pathways? Professionals’ sensemaking of patient pathways in Norwegian mental health services
Authors: Tørseth Tine Nesbø , Ådnanes Marian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In January 2019, the official launch of new guidelines within specialist mental health services and substance abuse treatment in Norway took place, with treatment organized according to structured patient pathways. The pathway system introduced maximum lengths for assessment, treatment, and evaluation and the coding of the different steps. The system was based on overall goals to improve services by focusing on user participation, coordinated patient flow, avoidance of unnecessary waiting time, more equal services independent of geographic location, and greater emphasis on somatic health and lifestyle. The purpose of our study was to examine the implementation of patient pathways within mental health services, and more specifically how trust emerges and influences the final outcome. Methods: Our study included four outpatient clinics for adults in four community health centres in different parts of Norway. The informants consisted of treatment personnel, leaders, and pathway coordinators, and data were collected through qualitative group and individual interviews. Results: The results indicated four distinct themes or reactions towards the patient pathway system. These themes were unclarity regarding the overall goals and content of the patient pathway; increased coding, registration and administrative work, which professionals experienced as stressors; an IT and journal system that did not correspond with the coding of the patient pathway; and an unrealistic distinction between assessment and treatment. All of the above encouraged health professionals to reduce the importance of patient pathways, as well as increase their resistance towards health authorities. Conclusions: To understand how and why health professionals made sense of the patient pathway, theory on trust can be used to show how professionals within health care interpret the implementation of patient pathways as a desire to control more areas and work practices within mental health care, leading to their distrust towards the new system Trial registration: Not neccessary
Correlation of hematological inflammatory biomarkers in patients with urolithiasis: A prospective case control study
Authors: T MANJUNATH , Barua Sasanka Kumar , Sarma Debanga , P Rajeev T. , Bagchi Puskal Kumar , Phukan Mandeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initial stage and the progression of urinary stones. The literature suggesting association of elevated inflammatory biomarkers in patients with urolithiasis is very scarce. Therefore, present study aimed to compare association of inflammatory biomarkers with urolithiasis.
Methods

This prospective study compared patients age > 14 years with kidney, bladder, ureter stones and no other systemic disease (test group) with healthy controls (control group). Baseline characteristics and routine blood tests were recorded. Primary endpoint was to diagnose the effect of biochemical parameters in stone prevalence.
Results

A total of 399 populations categorized into two groups: test group (n = 358) and control group (n = 41). The median age was 47.0 years in the test group and 48.0 years in the control group. The proportion of men was more than women in both the groups. The median C-reactive protein level and red cell distribution width (RDW) were significantly higher in the test group than control group (P < 0.001). Where, the lymphocyte level was significantly lowered in patients with kidney stones. Microscopic hematuria was present in approximately 17.6% of patients with urinary calculi (P = 0.001). Binary multiple logistic regression analysis with biochemical parameters, predicted that neutrophil (P = 0.010), lymphocyte (P = 0.040), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = 0.006) and RDW (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with urinary stone prediction. Area under curve for RDW was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.86); P < 0.001.
Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that NLR and RDW significantly increased in patients with kidney stone. It appears to be potentially useful inflammatory biomarkers of systemic inflammation in patients with kidney stone.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Brazil (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Brazil, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Unveiling Novel Therapeutic Drug Targets and Prognostic Markers of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Mittal Rashmi , Arya Vedpriya 
Published: September 2021

:Triple negative breast cancer represents multiple genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneities. Genetic and epigenetic changes emerging in TNBC help it in acquiring resistance against immunological response. Distant metastasis, lack of clinically targeted therapies and prognostic markers make it the most aggressive form of breast cancer. In this review, we showed that driver alterations in targeted genes AR, ERR, TIL, TAM, miRNA, mTOR and immunosuppressive cytokines are predominantly involved in complicating TNBC by inducing cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and by inhibiting apoptosis. The role of node status, cathepsin-D, Ki-67 index, CD3+TIL, BRCA1 promoter methylation value and p53 as an efficient prognostic factor have also been studied to predict the disease free and overall survival rate in TNBC patients. The present review article is an attempt to gain an insight with a new vision on the etiology of TNBC, its treatment strategies and prognostic marker to identify the outcome of standard therapies and to re-design future treatment strategies to provide maximum benefit to patients.
The Role of Mitochondrial Genes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Harilal Seetha , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Kanthlal S.K. , Rahman Md Atiar , Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Mathew Bijo 
Published: September 2021

:
Mitochondrial disorders are clinically heterogeneous, resulting from nuclear gene and mitochondrial
mutations that disturb the mitochondrial functions and dynamics. There is a lack of evidence
linking mtDNA mutations to neurodegenerative disorders, mainly due to the absence of noticeable
neuropathological lesions in postmortem samples. This review describes various gene mutations
in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis,
and stroke. These abnormalities, including PINK1, Parkin, and SOD1 mutations, seem to reveal mitochondrial
dysfunctions due to either mtDNA mutation or deletion, the mechanism of which remains
unclear in depth.