bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low power, Highly Efficient, Linear, Enhanced wideband Class-J mode Power Amplifier for 5G Applications
Authors: SRID NAGISETTY , Chinnaiyan Senthilpari‬ , Roslee Mardeni , Yong Wong , kumar T.Nandha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In wireless communication networks, the necessity for high-speed data rates has increased in emerging 5G application areas. The existing Power amplifier (PA) topologies reported to date demonstrated their potential in achieving desired Power Added Efficiency (PAE) and linearity with the aid of different efficiency enhancement and linearization techniques. However, these harmonically tuned switching power amplifiers are restricted to narrow bandwidth, which makes them less appealing for broadband applications. Therefore, the challenge of designing a power amplifier with improved efficiency by maintaining linearity for a dynamic range of bandwidth becomes increasingly critical for PA designers. Recently developed class-J PA topology has proven its potential to obtain good efficiency while maintaining the linearity for wide bandwidth applications. This research work presents a methodology to design a 5 GHz Class-J mode PA topology using Silterra 0.13-µm CMOS technology. This research's main objectives are to determine the Ropt of the transistor and design a proper Output Matching Network (OMN) to obtain Class-J PA operation to make it suitable for 5G wireless applications. The simulation results represent that the proposed Class-J PA provides 27 dBm of maximum power output along with a maximum large-signal power gain of 13.8 dB and the small-signal gain of 17dB for a band with more than 500MHz with a 5V power supply into a 50- Ω load.
A Scoping Review Protocol of Malaria Vectors in Malaysia
Authors: Ali Rafidah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Malaria is still a public health threat. From 2010 to 2017, a total of 33, 181 malaria cases were recorded in Malaysia. Thus, effective intervention and key entomological information are vital to interrupt or in preventing malaria transmission. Therefore, availability of malaria vectors information is desperately needed. The objective of this study is to established protocols of new and potential malaria vector as a part of existing malaria vectors in Malaysia for human and zoonotic infection. Methods and analysis: Scoping review will be conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology on four electronic databases; Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used as a systematic approach. All relevant finding will be managed by Mendeley software and Microsoft Excel program. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required on secondary of data. Study findings will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication.
Prognostic value of preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase for predicting 3-year mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Yoon Hei Jin , Ko Da Eun , Nam Sang Beom , Song Young , Yun Byung Hwan , Ham Sung Yeon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are related to high-turnover bone disease and reflect vascular calcification and inflammation. ALP has been reported to have a prognostic impact in various cohorts including chronic kidney disease. This study investigated whether preoperative serum ALP level could be used for predicting mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed 1,718 patients who underwent kidney transplantation between November 2005 and June 2017. Finally, 1,533 patients who met the inclusion criteria were classified into tertiles based on preoperative serum ALP level (< 51, 51–72, > 72 IU/L). The incidence of mortality was compared among the three tertiles, and a stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors for mortality. The incidence of 3-year mortality was the highest in the third tertile (1.0% vs. 2.5% vs. 4.4% in the first, second, and third tertile, respectively, p = 0.003). The third tertile of ALP level (odds ratio [OR] 1.855, 95% CI 1.192–2.886, p = 0.006), age (OR 1.052, 95% CI 1.022–1.082, p = 0.011), and history of hypertension (OR 0.401, 95% CI 0.210–0.765, p = 0.006) remained as independent predictors of mortality. Preoperative serum ALP level was significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (58.00 [44.00–76.00] vs. 75.00 [56.25–113.00], p = 0.003). The optimal cut-off value of serum ALP to predict 3-year mortality was 71 IU/L (area under the curve 0.636, 95% CI 0.554–0.719, p = 0.003). Therefore, preoperative serum ALP level was an independent predictor of 3-year mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Efficacy and Safety of IL-2 injection for the treatment of childhood solid tumors or lymphoma with malignant pleural effusion, ascites and pericardial effusion
Authors: Zhang Yu-Tong , Zhong Xiao-dan , Gao Yan-li , Chang Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Currently, no available coherent management protocol exists for pediatric cancers associated with pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion. This study aimed to retrospectively present our experience in treating pediatric cancer patients with pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion using interleukin-2 (IL-2) and dexamethasone (DEX) intracavitary injections. Methods Between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2020, medical reports of patients diagnosed with solid tumors or lymphoma were checked to identify those with concurrent > 2 cm pleural effusion and/or ascites and/or pericardial effusion. Patients diagnosed with effusions and treated with IL-2 were identified as being in the effusion group. Meanwhile, patients with the same primary tumors and effusions but did not receive interleukin 2 injection were reviewed and classified as the control group. Results Forty patients with solid tumors and Sixty-six patients with lymphoma were further diagnosed with pleural effusion, ascites, or pericardial effusion. A total of eighty-five patients received IL-2 injection while the remaining twenty-one did not. When lymphoma and solid tumor patients were combined, the Kaplan Meier analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups, with p<0.01 for event free survival (EFS) and p<0.01 for overall survival (OS), both of which had p<0.01. Hazard ratio was found to be 0.344 for OS and 0.352 for EFS. Conclusions This retrospective study illustrates that thoracic, intraperitoneal, or pericardial injection of DEX plus IL-2 can be an effective and safe treatment for pediatric cancers with pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion.
Open Review and Open Science in The Social Sciences and Humanities: A "Double Blind" Gold Standard
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Backe Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Openings of research results, datasets, and scientific practices in general are currently being implemented across fields. Especially strongly data-driven areas like medicine are discussing publishing transparency too – in a context where open review formats now dominate. Social sciences and humanities (SSH), in turn, still rely on closed systems. In this study, we draw on 12 semi-structured interviews with chief editors of leading journals in SSH fields to better understand the transparencies of such review processes. We find that, within SSH, ‘double blind’ peer review represents a gold standard that credible journals follow by default. However, the actual review processes of these journals are multi-stage and largely open with the authors’ names standardly visible to decision-making peers, with ‘double blind’ principles forming but part of it. We recommend journals to communicate the transparencies of their review in more detail, also and especially if they are ‘double blind’.
Genetic Dissection Uncovers Genome Wide Marker-Trait Associations for Plant Growth, Yield and Yield Related Traits Under Varying Nitrogen Levels in Nested Synthetic Wheat Introgression Libraries
Authors: SANDHU NITIKA , Kaur Amandeep , Sethi Mehak , Kaur Satinder , Singh Varinderpal , Sharma Achla , Bentley Alison R , Barsby Tina , Chhuneja Parveen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important macronutrients for crop growth and metabolism. To identify marker-trait associations for complex NUE-related agronomic traits, field experiments were conducted on nested synthetic wheat introgression libraries at three nitrogen input levels across two seasons. The introgression libraries were genotyped using the 35K Axiom® Wheat Breeder’s Array and genetic diversity and population structure were examined. Significant phenotypic variation was observed across genotypes, treatments and their interactions across seasons for all the 22 traits measured. Significant positive correlations were observed among grain yield and yield attributing traits and root traits. Across seasons, a total of 233 marker-trait associations (MTAs) associated with fifteen traits of interest at differential levels of nitrogen (N0, N60 and N120) were detected using 9,474 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of these, 45 MTAs for 10 traits in the N0 treatment, 100 MTAs for 11 traits in the N60 treatment and 88 MTAs for 11 traits in the N120 treatment were detected. We identified putative candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs which were associated directly or indirectly with various biological processes, cellular component organization and molecular functions involving improved plant growth and grain yield. In addition, the top 10 lines based on N response and grain yield across seasons and treatments were identified. The identification and introgression of superior alleles/donors improving NUE while maintaining grain yield may open new avenues in designing next-generation nitrogen efficient high yielding wheat varieties.
Characterization and Evaluation of a Recombinant Multiepitope Peptide Antigen MAG in the Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Pigs
Authors: Song Yongle , Zhao Yongjuan , Pan Ke , Shen Bang , Fang Rui , Hu Min , Zhao Junlong , zhou yanqin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasmosis caused by toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a serious disease threatening human and animal health. People could be infected with T. gondii by ingesting raw pig meat contaminated with cysts or oocysts. Serological test is a sensitive and specific method usually used for large-scale diagnosis of T. gondii infection in humans and animals (such as pigs). Since commercial pig toxoplasma antibody ELISA diagnostic kits are too expensive, it is difficult to use them widely, moreover, the native antigen composition used in these diagnostic kits is still unclear and difficult to standardize. The multiepitope peptide antigen is novel diagnostic marker, and it has the potential to be developed into more accurate and inexpensive diagnostic kits.
Methods
The synthetic multiepitope antigen (MAG) gene encoding a protein with epitopes from 5 T. gondii dominant antigen (SAG1, GRA1, ROP2, GRA4, and MIC3) was designed, synthesized, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. The recombinant protein was detected through western blot with pig anti-T. gondii positive and negative serum, then IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) named MAG-ELISA was designed. The MAG-ELISA was evaluated in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and stability. The MAG-ELISA was also compared with a commercial PrioCHECK® Toxoplasma Ab porcine ELISA (PrioCHECK ELISA). Finally, the trend of pig anti-T. gondii IgG level after artificially infection with RH tachyzoites was evaluated through MAG-ELISA and two other ELISA methods (rMIC3-ELISA and PrioCHECK ELISA).
Results
MAG antigen could be specifically recognized by pig anti-T. gondii positive but not negative serum. MAG-ELISA possessed a high diagnostic performance in terms of specificity and sensitivity. The overall coincidence rate between MAG-ELISA and a commercial PrioCHECK Toxoplasma antibody ELISA was 78.47%. MAG-ELISA could be used for detecting anti-T. gondii IgG in the early stage of T. gondii infection in pigs (at least 7 days after artificial infection).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that MAG antigen could be applied to specifically recognize anti-T. gondii IgG in pig, and MAG-ELISA has the potential for large-scale diagnosis of T. gondii infection in pig farms and intensive industries.
Treatment Strategies for Improving Surgical Outcomes of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Maze Yasumi , Tokui Toshiya , Murakami Masahiko , Kawaguchi Teruhisa , Inoue Ryosai , Hirano Reina , Hirano Koji , Chino Shuji , Nakajima Ken , Kato Noriyuki , Higashigawa Takatoshi , Nakamura Bun , Itou Hisato , Shoumura Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe examined the surgical outcomes at our hospital and considered strategies for improving surgical outcomes for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.MethodsWe examined 95 surgical cases of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm performed from January 2009 to December 2020.We examined the preoperative characteristics hospital mortality, postoperative complications and long-term results. Results24 were dead in hospital (hospital mortality 25.2%). The majority of the causes of death were hemorrhage/DIC and intestinal necrosis. 10 cases required preoperative aortic clamp by thoracotomy or insertion of intra-aortic balloon occlusion and 8 of them died. 10 cases required open abdominal management and 5 of them died. Examining the long-term results of the open repair group and the EVAR group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionsIn order to improve the surgical outcomes of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, it is necessary to start surgery immediately in a situation where hemodynamics is stable. Whether to select open surgery or EVAR as the surgical method should be selected by each hospital so that it can be started immediately. In order to prevent postoperative intestinal necrosis, it is necessary to consider risk factors of acute compartment syndrome and actively introduce open abdominal management.
Impact of Spatial and Environmental Variables on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Hilly Ponds
Authors: Zhang Dan , Kehong Wang , Guanxiong Zhang , Shuangshuang Liu , Fang Wang , Yuanzhen Pan , Xingzhong Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ponds are “islands” of independent habitats and research hotspots of regional biodiversity. This paper got some basic information about habitat conditions and aquatic macroinvertebrates in hilly ponds. Then we tried to provide a theoretical basis for the regional biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of the pond networks among basins. In this paper, the environmental and spatial variables concerned about aquatic macroinvertebrates in the ponds with different small basins of Liangping District, which is located in the east of Sichuan Basin, China, were investigated. The results showed that drainage basin effect did not occur among basins. The aquatic macroinvertebrates in the hilly ponds were mainly affected by altitude, nutrients, pH and other environmental factors. Within the basin scale, pond isolation was also one of the important factors affecting community structure. Considering the spatial pattern of the macroinvertebrate assemblages in the hilly ponds, the protection and management of those ponds need to focus on pond network other than a single pond, improve the habitat quality of the ponds, and ensure the cost-effectiveness and ecological benefits.
Collective Transient Ratchet Transport Induced by Many Elastically Interacting Particles
Authors: Beims Marcus Werner , César Manchein , de Oliveira Tulio M , Silva Rafael M da 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Several dynamical systems in nature can be maintained out-of-equilibrium, either through mutual interaction of particles or by external fields. The particle's transport and the transient dynamics are landmarking of such systems. While single ratchet systems are genuine candidates to describe unbiased transport, we demonstrate here that coupled ratchets exhibit collective transient ratchet transport. Extensive numerical simulations for up to N=1024 elastically interacting ratchets establish the generation of large transient ratchet currents (RCs). The lifetimes of the transient RCs increase with N and decrease with the coupling strength between the ratchets. We demonstrate one peculiar case having a coupling-induced transient RC through the asymmetric destruction of attractors. Results suggest that physical devices built with coupled ratchet systems should present large collective transient transport of particles, whose technological applications are undoubtedly appealing and feasible.
Highly Efficient Production of D-xylonic Acid From Corn Stover Hydrolysate in Gluconobacter Oxydans By mGDH Overexpression
Authors: Mao Xinlei , Zhang Baoqi , Zhao Chenxiu , Lin Jinping , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: D-xylonic acid is a versatile platform chemical with wide potential applications as the water reducer and disperser for cement and the precursor for 1,4-butanediol and 1,2,4-tributantriol. Microbial production of D-xylonic acid with bacteria like Gluconobacter oxydans from cheap lignocellulosic feedstock is generally regarded as one of the most promising and cost-effective methods to industrial production, but xylonic acid productivity is reduced by high substrate inhibition and hydrolysate inhibitors. Results: D-xylonic acid productivity of G. oxydans DSM2003 was improved by overexpressing the mGDH gene, which encoded the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase. Using the mutated plasmids based on pBBR1MCS-5 in our previous work, the recombinant strain G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH with the significant improvement in D-xylonic acid production and the strengthened tolerance to hydrolysate inhibitors was obtained. The fed-batch biotransformation of D-xylose by this recombinant strain reached the record high titer (588.7 g/L), yield (99.4%), and space-time yield (8.72 g/L/h). Moreover, up to 246.4 g/L D-xylonic acid was produced directly from corn stover hydroxylates without detoxification at a yield of 98.9% and a space-time yield of 11.2 g/L/h. In addition, G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH performed strong tolerance to typical inhibitors, i.e., formic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Conclusion: Through overexpression of mgdh in G. oxydans, we obtained a recombinant strain G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH. It was capable to efficiently produce xylonic acid from the corn stover hydrolysate under high concentrations of inhibitors. The high D-xylonic acid productivity made G. oxydans/pBBR-R3510-mGDH an attractive choice for biotechnical production.
Factors Associated With Malaria in Indigenous Children Between 2007 - 2018, Amazonas State, Brazil
Authors: de Aguiar Mateus Ferreira , Meireles Bruna Martins , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Goncalves Maria Jacirema Ferreira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: malaria is a serious problem in the Amazonas state, especially in areas near forests. Indigenous populations living in these areas are very vulnerable to malaria infection. In addition, the disease severely affects children because their immune system is less well developed, and thus causes more severe symptoms. Therefore, the intersection between these two groups, indigenous people and children, is characterized by an important public health problem. The objective is to identify the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children in the Amazonas state, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018.Methods: This is an epidemiological, quantitative and cross-sectional study involving children under 15 years, and using data from health system notifications between 2007 and 2018, with the Amazonas state, Brazil, as a place of residence and probable infection setting. The variables are clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial and case follow-up, which were analyzed then stratified as to whether the case involved indigenous children or those of other races and entries for which no race data was given. The estimation of Odds Ratio with a confidence interval was obtained by multivariate logistic regression. Results: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children were attributed to being of the female sex, age from 0 to 4 years, passive case surveillance, high load of parasitemia or lack of data regarding the level of parasitemia, parasitic forms containing Plasmodium falciparum were more frequent, as well as timeliness of treatment, which corresponds to the time between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment being less than 48 hours. Conclusion: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children highlight the difference in race, suggest more severity of the disease and more malarial infections in this population, and, as a result, malaria has a great impact on the health of the indigenous children.
Gastric proton pump with two occluded K+ engineered with sodium pump-mimetic mutations
Authors: Abe Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kenta , Irie Katsumasa , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Oshima Atsunori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The gastric H+,K+-ATPase mediates electroneutral exchange of 1H+/1K+ per ATP hydrolysed across the membrane. Previous structural analysis of the K+-occluded E2-Pi form of H+,K+-ATPase showed a single bound K+ at cation-binding site II, in marked contrast to the two K+ occluded at sites I and II of the closely-related Na+,K+-ATPase which mediates electrogenic 3Na+/2K+ translocation across the membrane. The two pumps show significant differences in structure in and around Site I, but which are critical for blocking K+ binding in the gastric pump and contribute to binding in the sodium pump is unclear. We have a series of crystal structures and a cryo-EM structure of H+,K+-ATPase mutants with changes in the vicinity of site I based on the structure of the sodium pump. The number of bound Rb+, determined by its anomalous dispersion, remains one in the luminal-open E2BeF form of the Lys791Ser single mutant and Lys791Ser/Glu820Asp double mutant, mutation that could create space and may directly bind the cation. We next introduced mutations in peripheral residues Try340Asn and Glu936Val. A strong and spread-out Rb+ anomalous density observed in the quadruple mutant suggests that a certain population ATPases has two Rb+ bound. We then added gate-closing mutation Try799Trp and determined its cryo-EM structure in the occluded E2-AlF form. This quintuple mutant unambiguously has two separate densities at the cation-binding site. The step-wise construction of the K+ binding site offers new insight into how it is blocked in the one pump and constituted in the other.