bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of new information that contradicts common knowledge about earthquake preparedness in Israel: A mixed methods experiment study
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Zemach Mina , Cohen Ricky , Miron-Shatz Talya , Negev Maya , Mesch Gustavo S. 
Published: April 2021

Background
A major earthquake in Israel is inevitable. Individual risk perceptions and preparedness can mitigate harm and save lives. The gap between the public’s concerns and those of experts is reflected in their differential perceptions regarding the components that influence the occurrence of an earthquake in Israel. Whereas the public believes that geographic location is the critical variable, the experts note additional variables that need to be considered. Common knowledge regarding the risks of earthquake occurrence in Israel is based on a distinction between high and low-risk areas, such that the closer a residential area is to the Great Rift Valley, the higher the risk that an earthquake will occur.

Objectives
To examine the variables affecting public preparedness in Israel (effective communication agent (communicator), high and low earthquake risk areas) and the degree to which experts’ knowledge contradicts respondents’ common knowledge.

Methods
The study used a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative research. The first stage included in-depth interviews with earthquake experts (n = 19). The second stage consisted of an experiment conducted among a representative sample of the public (n = 834).

Results
Most people believe that geographical location constitutes the main risk factor for earthquakes in Israel. Yet experts claim that additional variables affect earthquake intensity and damage: building strength, earthquake magnitude, distance from earthquake epicenter, soil type, and interaction between these four. The study found that knowledge of expert information affects public willingness to prepare. The direction of this influence depends on participants’ risk perceptions regarding residential area and on degree of consistency with common knowledge. In low-risk areas, added knowledge increased willingness to prepare whereas in high-risk areas this knowledge decreased willingness.

Conclusion
To turn expert information into common knowledge and to increase earthquake preparedness, the authorities must educate the public to generate a new public preparedness norm.
Identification Bacterial Contaminant in Semiarundinaria fastuosa Tissue Culture
Authors: Wulandari Erna , Retnaningrum Endah , Sembiring Langkah 
Published: April 2021

Bamboo is one of the plants which propagated by tissue culture technique however, the emergence of microbial contaminant caused decrease of bamboo production. A type of microbe that caused the contamination on Semiarundinaria fastuosa tissue culture is bacteria. This study aimed to isolate bacterial contaminant and understanding its biodiversity. Bacterial isolation and phenotypic characterization were done by observing morphology, physiological test, biochemical test, identification and numeric phenetic analysis. Twelve bacterial contaminants was isolated and based on profile matching with Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, six isolate was a member of genus Bacillus, one isolate Enterococcus, two isolate Xenorhabdus, one isolate Morococcus, one isolate Corynebacterium, and one isolate belongs to genus Sarcina. A dendrogram created using Simple Matching coefficient (SSM) parameter and average linkage algorithm shown that on the 71% similarity index, all 12 OTU was grouped in one cluster. However, a dendrogram produced by Jaccard’s coefficient (SJ) parameter and average linkage algorithm on 70% similarity index divided 12 OTU on to 12 clusters.
Gemeinsinn und Solidarität: Motivation und Wirkung von Freiwilligenarbeit
Authors: Kals Elisabeth , Strubel Isabel T. , Güntert Stefan T. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFreiwilligenarbeit ist eine zentrale Säule der Bürgergesellschaft und fördert wechselseitige Teilhabe. In diesem Text wird ein Überblick über die psychologische Motivforschung zur Freiwilligenarbeit gegeben. Es werden konkrete Empfehlungen abgeleitet, wie sich entsprechende Commitments und Verhaltensweisen fördern lassen.
Managementunterstützung zur Besuchersteuerung in Bibliotheken: Reportingprozesse im Coronakontext
Authors: Köppen Veit , Lücke Christine 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Mit der notwendigen Besuchersteuerung im Kontext der Covid-19-Pandemie ergab sich für Bibliotheksleitungen eine Vielzahl von Entscheidungen in einem unbekannten, dynamischen Umfeld. Neue Werkzeuge können dabei nicht nur unmittelbar das operative Tagesgeschäft erleichtern, sondern als zusätzliche Informationsquellen für die nächsten Entscheidungsschritte dienen. Kennzahlen quantifizieren und verdichten Informationen und können für Steuerungsprozesse eingesetzt werden. An der Universitätsbibliothek Magdeburg wurde eine leichtgewichtige Reportinglösung für die Bibliotheksleitung entworfen, die es ermöglicht, kurzfristig und gleichzeitig adäquat auf die Anforderungen und Rahmenbedingungen einzugehen.
Ein Ort des sozialen Miteinanders: Teilhabeorientierte Bibliotheksarbeit in der Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin
Authors: Galka Judith , Haddad Jolina , Hartung Lea 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag erkundet praxisgeleitet die wichtige Rolle, die teilhabeorientierte Bibliotheksarbeit für die Entwicklung und Zukunft einer Öffentlichen Bibliothek hat. Er stellt eine Systematik der Partizipation in der Programmgestaltung und den Community-Ansatz anhand von Beispielen vor. Anhand von zwei ausführlichen Beispielen werden Herangehensweisen, Chancen, Konsequenzen und Möglichkeitsgrenzen von teilhabeorientierter Bibliotheksarbeit aufgezeigt.
Ehrensache – Freiwillig für die Stadtbücherei Münster
Authors: Schelletter Christiane , Topp Carsten 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Freiwilligenarbeit der Stadtbücherei Münster ist dieser Beitrag gewidmet. Die vielfältigen Facetten werden am Beispiel des „Freiwilligenmodells“ zum Erhalt der Stadtteilbibliotheken, den Vorlesepatenschaften in den Büchereien, aber auch außerhalb in Schulen und Kitas oder mittels Bookbike an öffentlichen Orten (Spielplätze etc.) beschrieben. Hinzu kommen Förderverein und Freundeskreis, die eine Vielzahl von Projekten (Bücherflohmärkte, offene Bücherregale, Jahreszeitenfeste, Büchereigartenpflege) unterstützen.
Adolescent medicine during specialized paediatric training: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Cristóvão Ferreira Ana , Videira da Silva António , Freira Sílvia , Fonseca Helena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Paediatricians increasingly need to take care of adolescents, a life stage with specific needs, however many of them admit a limitation in their medical education regarding Adolescent Medicine. The objective of this paperwork is to evaluate the formative model adopted in the Department of Paediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, and assess the impact of the training in Adolescent Medicine.

Methods
We surveyed the current Paediatric Residents and those who graduated as Paediatricians from the Department in the past five years, in order to get feedback on the one-month compulsory training at the Adolescent Medicine Division during their Residency.

Results
Both groups considered it as a very interesting/useful training. Paediatricians considered that the training had an insufficient duration, with statistical difference comparing to the current Residents’ opinion. Conversely, Residents considered more often that the acquired competencies would be useful in their future clinical practice, when compared to Paediatricians.

Conclusions
In order to potentiate learning and training during such a short period of time, a few changes were identified as beneficial to be implemented.
Effects of soy flour types and extrusion-cooking conditions on physicochemical, microstructural and sensory characteristics of puffed rice snack base
Authors: Choi Ok-Ja , Zhao Chang-Cheng , Ameer Kashif , Eun Jong-Bang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of puffed rice snack base (PRSB) prepared via extrusion cooking under various feed moisture contents and screw speeds were investigated. The moisture content, screw speed, and soy flour type significantly (p < 0.05) affected the physicochemical properties of PRSB viz; size, density, porosity, color, breaking strength, crystallinity, water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). While, a slight effect on pasting properties was observed between PRSB added with defatted and full-fat soy flour, respectively. Soy flour lipids significantly (p < 0.05) influenced extrusion cooking conditions especially at high screw speed and feed moisture content. The result revealed that extrusion cooking with addition of full-fatty soy flour can be exploited as a viable method to produce PRS with a high expansion ratio and low breaking strength at recommended extrusion conditions of feed moisture content of 19 % and screw speed of 300 rpm.
Writing History Under Empire: TheBabylonian ChronicleReconsidered
Authors: Waerzeggers Caroline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article proposes to read theBabylonian Chronicleas historical literature. It argues that the text was composed in response to Babylonia’s integration in the Persian Empire. The text presents itself as a self-conscious departure from the chronographic tradition by tracing the roots of Babylon’s fate to the mid-eighth century, when a triangle of power is said to have emerged between Assyria, Babylonia and Elam—a configuration that reduced the Babylonian monarch to inaction and incompetence from the very start.
Does the crested porcupine select coppice forest? Habitat preference and activity patterns of a large rodent in the Lago di Vico Natural Reserve
Authors: Luzi Giulia , Mori Emiliano , Puddu Giuseppe , Zapparoli Marzio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The crested porcupine Hystrix cristata L. is a large rodent, which mainly occurs in agro-forestry ecosystems in Italy. In this study, we modelled the occupancy of this species in forest ecosystems, to identify environmental characteristics affecting its presence. The study was conducted at Lago di Vico Natural Reserve (Latium, Central Italy) in 2018–2019. The sampling design included a 1 km2 grid, where 263 detections were recorded at 39 out of 57 camera-trap points. Dendroauxometric data were collected at each site as covariates in the statistical models. According to our best occupancy model, the crested porcupine mostly occurs in habitats not totally covered by forests, but composed by mixed landscape patches both for the land use (crops, woods) and for the coverage (forested areas, open areas, bushes). We also analysed activity rhythms of the crested porcupine across seasons and in relation to the moon phases. The analysis of 543 videos showed that crested porcupine is strictly nocturnal throughout the year and avoided bright nights, despite the local absence of potential predators.
Equilibria Under Negligence Liability
Authors: Feldman Allan , Singh Ram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn many accident contexts, the expected accident harm depends on observable as well as unobservable dimensions of the precaution exercised by the parties involved. The observable dimensions are commonly referred to as the ‘care’ levels and the unobservable aspects as the ‘activity’ levels. In a seminal contribution, Shavell, S (1980). Strict liability versus negligence. J. Leg. Stud. 9: 1–25 extended the scope of the economic analysis of liability rules by providing a model that allows for the care as well as activity level choices. Subsequent works have used and extended Shavell’s model to predict outcomes under various liability rules, and also to compare their efficiency properties. These works make several claims about the existence and efficiency of equilibria under different liability rules, without providing any formal proof. In this paper, we re-examine the prevalent claims in the literature using the standard model itself. Contrary to these prevalent claims, we show that the standard negligence liability rules do not induce equilibrium for all of the accident contexts admissible under the model. Under the standard model, even the ‘no-fault’ rules can fail to induce a Nash equilibrium. In the absence of an equilibrium, it is not plausible to make a claim about the efficiency of a ruleper-seorvis-a-visother rules. We show that even with commonly used utility functions that meet all of the requirements of the standard model, the social welfare function may not have a maximum. In many other situations fully compatible with the standard model, a maximum of the social welfare function is not discoverable by the first order conditions. Under the standard model, even individually optimum choices might not exist. We analyze the underlying problems with the standard model and offer some insights for future research on this subject.
Debate Reaction Ideal Points: Political Ideology Measurement Using Real-Time Reaction Data
Authors: Argyle Daniel , Argyle Lisa P. , Eidelman Vlad , Resnik Philip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdeal point models have become a powerful tool for defining and measuring the ideology of many kinds of political actors, including legislators, judges, campaign donors, and members of the general public. We extend the application of ideal point models to the public using a novel data source: real-time reactions to statements by candidates in the 2012 presidential debates. Using these reactions as inputs to an ideal point model, we estimate individual-level ideology and evaluate the quality of the measure. Debate reaction ideal points provide a method for estimating a continuous, individual-level measure of ideology that avoids survey response biases, provides better estimates for moderates and the politically unengaged, and reflects the content of salient political discourse relevant to viewers’ attitudes and vote choices. As expected, we find that debate reaction ideal points are more extreme among respondents who strongly identify with a political party, but retain substantial within-party variation. Ideal points are also more extreme among respondents who are more politically interested. Using topical subsets of the debate statements, we find that ideal points in the sample are more moderate for foreign policy than for economic or domestic policy.
Transcription factor immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of pituitary tumours
Authors: Lenders Nèle F , Wilkinson Adam C , Wong Stephen J , Shein Tint T , Harvey Richard J , Inder Warrick J , Earls Peter E , McCormack Ann I 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The clinical utility and prognostic value of WHO 2017 lineage-based classification of pituitary tumours have not been assessed. This study aimed to (1) determine the clinical utility of transcription factor analysis for classification of pituitary tumours and (2) determine the prognostic value of improved lineage-based classification of pituitary tumours.

Methods
This was a retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent surgical resection of pituitary tumours at St Vincent’s Public and Private Hospitals, Sydney, Australia between 1990 and 2016. Included patients were at least 18 years of age and had complete histopathological data, forming the 'histological cohort'. Patients with at least 12 months of post-surgical follow-up were included in the subgroup 'clinical cohort'. The diagnostic efficacy of transcription factor immunohistochemistry in conjunction with hormone immunohistochemistry was compared with hormone immunohistochemistry alone. The prognostic value of identifying 'higher-risk' histological subtypes was assessed.

Results
There were 171 patient tumour samples analyzed in the histological cohort. Of these, there were 95 patients forming the clinical cohort. Subtype diagnosis was changed in 20/171 (12%) of tumours. Within the clinical cohort, there were 21/95 (22%) patients identified with higher-risk histological subtype tumours. These were associated with tumour invasiveness (P = 0.050), early recurrence (12–24 months, P = 0.013), shorter median time to recurrence (49 (IQR: 22.5–73.0) vs 15 (IQR: 12.0–25.0) months, P = 0.005) and reduced recurrence-free survival (P = 0.031).

Conclusions
Application of transcription factor analysis, in addition to hormone immunohistochemistry, allows for refined pituitary tumour classification and may facilitate an improved approach to prognostication.
Metabolic disease and adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Leiter Amanda , Carroll Emily , De Alwis Sonia , Brooks Danielle , Ben Shimol Jennifer , Eisenberg Elliot , Wisnivesky Juan P , Galsky Matthew D , Jane Gallagher Emily 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Obese and overweight body mass index (BMI) categories have been associated with increased immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, the impact of being overweight in conjunction with related metabolic syndrome-associated factors on irAEs have not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of overweight and obese BMI according to metabolic disease burden on the development of irAEs.

Design and methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients receiving ICIs at a cancer center. Our main study outcome was development of ≥grade 2 (moderate) irAEs. Our main predictor was weight/metabolic disease risk category: (1) normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2)/low metabolic risk (<2 metabolic diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension)), (2) normal weight/high metabolic risk (≥2 metabolic diseases), (3) overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)/low metabolic risk, and (4) overweight/high metabolic risk.

Results
Of 411 patients in our cohort, 374 were eligible for analysis. Overall, 111 (30%) patients developed ≥grade 2 irAEs. In Cox analysis, overweight/low metabolic risk was significantly associated with ≥grade 2 irAEs (hazard ratio (HR): 2.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.2–3.4) when compared to normal weight/low metabolic risk, while overweight/high metabolic risk (HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.7–2.2) and normal weight/high metabolic risk (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.7–3.0) were not.

Conclusions
Overweight patients with fewer metabolic comorbidities were at increased risk for irAEs. This study provides an important insight that BMI should be evaluated in the context of associated metabolic comorbidities in assessing risk of irAE development and ICI immune response.
Aspectos epidemiológicos e distribuição de casos de esquistossomose no Nordeste brasileiro no período de 2010 a 2017
Authors: Barreto Bianca Leão , Lobo Claudia Gonçalves 
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Analisar aspectos epidemiológicos de casos de esquistossomose na região do Nordeste brasileiro notificados no Sistema Nacional de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2010 a 2017. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico descritivo observacional. A coleta dos dados secundários foi realizada através do SINAN e submetidos a análise estatística descritiva, por meio de frequência absoluta e frequência relativa, apresentados na forma de gráficos e tabelas utilizando o Excel 2016. RESULTADOS: No período foram notificados 10.431 casos, sendo os anos de 2010 seguido de 2014 e 2015 que mais se destacaram. Os estados do Nordeste com maior número de casos foram Bahia com 5.183 casos, Pernambuco com 2.330, Paraíba com 857 e Sergipe com 769. A análise do perfil biológico dos infectados, no que se refere ao sexo, mostrou que a maior proporção de infectados é do sexo masculino (54%) e as faixas etárias com maiores índices de infecção, foram 20 a 39 anos com 34,68% e de 40 a 59 anos com 28,89%. CONCLUSÃO: A esquistossomose é um grande problema de saúde pública, portanto, é indispensável ações e divulgação das regiões endêmicas para construção de intervenções sobre o controle da doença, enfatizando o atendimento e fazendo busca ativa da população.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: CAN Belkıs , BAŞER Aysel , BAKTIR ALTUNTAŞ Sibel , ÖZCEYLAN Gökmen , KOLCU Giray 
Published: April 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science
and engineering with abilities required by human intelligence.
One of the most important usage areas of
AI is the health sector. From the areas of public health
promotion such as air pollution epidemiology, elderly
care and monitoring to rapid diagnosis and treatment,
from surgery to drug production and neuroscience by
analyzing a lot of data from patient records; It offers
a wide range of usage opportunities such as monitoring
individuals at risk with suicidal tendencies. With
AI smart applications, practices such as first aid and
resuscitation on patients in the training processes of
health professionals have started to be applied more
intensively. Strengthening education with these practices
provides students with more application opportunities
with AI applications in patient follow-up and
care services education in health education. Vital
signs such as blood pressure, pulse, fever monitoring
of virtual patients, virtual vascular access, and blood
drawing have become common methods in healthcare
professional training. In the training of health
professionals, the processes of possible harm to the
patients are thus tried to be minimized.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of extramedullary involvement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ignatova A. K. , Kalinina I. I. , Venev D. A. , Salimova T. Yu. , Evseev D. A. , Sadovskaya M. N. , Goronkova O. V. , Matveev V. E. , Petrova U. N. , Antonova K. S. , Baydildina D. D. , Dubrovnaya M. E. , Konyukhova T. V. , Olshanskaya Yu. V. , Abramov D. S. , Maschan M. A. , Novichkova G. A. , Maschan A. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Extramedullary infiltration (EI) is relatively common in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (up to 20-25 %). However, its clinical and prognostic significance remains poorly understood.Objective: to describe clinical features and to define prognostic significance of EI in children with AML.Materials and methods. The subjects of retrospective observational study were 228 children with de novo AML. The median age was 6.6 years. All of them were treated according to the protocol AML-MM-2006 from April 2007 to June 2018.All patients with EI were divided into three cohorts according to the localization of the lesions: 1) central nervous system (CNS) involvement (CNS group), 2) other localizations apart from CNS (myelosarcomas (MS) group), 3) combined lesions (CNS + MS group).Results. EI was diagnosed in 84 patients (36.84 %) with de novo AML. Among them 47 (55.95 %) had CNS involvement, 20 (23.81 %) had MS, 15 (17.86 %) had both CNS involvement and MS. 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was slightly higher in patients with CNS involvement than in children without EI - 80 ± 12 % vs 71 ± 9 %, p = 0.26, however OS in patients with MS was significantly lower - 45 ± 16 % vs 71 ± 9 %, p <0.001. In addition, OS in high-risk patients according to the protocol AML-MM-2006 who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without EI and with MS (± CNS involvement) was similar to OS in main groups - 81 ± 11 % and 42 ± 26 % respectively, p = 0.004. 5-year event-free survival in patients with MS was also lower than in children without EI - 38 ± 16 % vs 51 ± 8 %, p = 0.011.Conclusion. Patients with MS had worse 5-year OS and EFS than children without EI according to our study. Moreover allogenic HSCT conducted in first clinical remission did not improve the survival rate. Neuroleukemia as the only EI was not an unfavorable prognostic factor in our cohort of AML patients and was more often associated with inv(16).