bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly designed identifying method for ice thickness on high‐voltage transmission lines via machine vision
Authors: Weng Bingjun , Gao Wei , Zheng Weicou , Yang Gengjie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe icing of transmission lines will bring considerable challenges to the safe operation of the power grid. Therefore, a novel method combines machine vision and machine learning algorithms for identifying the ice thickness on high‐voltage transmission line (HVTL) as proposed herein. First, noise and background interference in the image are filtered, and the grey image is used as input. Then, the algorithms of improved Canny edge detection, Hough transform, improved K‐means clustering, and least‐squares fitting are adopted in turn to locate the edges of conductors. Finally, according to the distance mapping model based on monocular vision, the ice thickness of the conductor is determined by calculating the width difference before and after icing. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately locate the edge of the conductor in both field and experimental environments. Moreover, it can ensure ideal effects under different illumination and hardly not be affected by distortion in both horizontal and vertical directions. Besides, the distance mapping model can map the pixel distance to the actual distance with high precision, no matter whether the background is simple or complex, and the calculated ice thickness has only a small deviation compared to the actual value. In addition, the proposed method shows high reliability and effectiveness when various interference such as different backgrounds, uneven icing, height difference changes, conductor movement, contrast changes, and conductor sag occur.
Modeling and evaluation of a ridesharing matching system from multi‐stakeholders’ perspective
Authors: Rahman Md Tawhidur , Dey Kakan , Martinelli David R. , Mishra Sabya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMatching riders and drivers in ridesharing considering conflicting objectives of diverse stakeholders is challenging. The objective of this research is to formulate and evaluate the performance of four ridesharing matching‐objectives (i.e. system‐wide minimisation of passengers’ wait time, minimisation of VMT, minimisation of detour distance, maximisation of drivers’ profit) considering interests of diverse mobility stakeholders (i.e. drivers, riders, matching agencies, government transportation agencies). A grid roadway network was used to compare the performance of the four matching‐objectives in serving a ridesharing demand scenario. Performance comparison of matching‐objectives revealed that a system‐wide VMT minimisation matching‐objective performed best with least sacrifices on the other three matching‐objectives from their respective best performance level. Also, system‐wide VMT minimisation was the best matching‐objective, when drivers’ and government transportation agencies’ expectations were prioritised. System‐wide drivers’ profit maximisation matching‐objective provided the highest monetary incentives for drivers and riders in terms of maximising profit and travel cost savings, respectively. System‐wide minimisation of detour distance was found to be least flexible in providing shared rides. The findings of this research provide useful insights on ridesharing matching system modelling and performance evaluation based on different matching‐objectives and can be used in developing and implementing ridesharing service considering multiple stakeholders’ concerns.
Asymptotic solution for the electromagnetic scattering of a vertical dipole over plasmonic and non‐plasmonic half‐spaces
Authors: Nazari Mohsen Eslami , Huang Weimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new asymptotic solution for the scattered electromagnetic fields of a vertical Hertzian dipole antenna in the presence of an imperfectly conducting half‐plane for ordinary and plasmonic media is proposed. The scattered electric and magnetic field components are calculated from the intermediate Hertz potential expressed in terms of the Fourier‐Bessel transforms associated with the Sommerfeld‐type integral, which is difficult to evaluate due to the singularities of the integrand near the integration path and its oscillatory and slowly decaying integrand. Using the modified saddle point method, an approximate closed‐form solution of the far‐zone scattered electromagnetic fields including surface waves is presented. The new formulations are applied to calculate radiation patterns of different impedance half‐planes for both ordinary and plasmonic media, that is, seawater, silty clay soil, silty loam soil and lake water as ordinary, and silver and gold as plasmonic media. Furthermore, a numerical evaluation of the proposed solution at various frequencies and comparisons with two alternative state of the art solutions shows that the proposed solution has higher accuracy in terms of the normalised root‐mean‐square error and the normalised maximum absolute error for plasmonic and non‐plasmonic structures.
Wideband IMD3 suppression through negative baseband impedance synthesis
Authors: Sear William , Barton Taylor W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents a power amplifier (PA) linearisation approach based on synthesising a negative impedance termination at the baseband frequency. Negative baseband termination has been previously shown to suppress intermodulation distortion (IMD) products in power amplifiers. Here, this effect is synthesised using a passive feedback network between the drain and gate bias paths of the PA, so that the IMD is suppressed without an increase in the system complexity. The design targets IMD3 suppression at the PA's 3‐dB compression point (P3dB), enabling linear operation into compression, therefore, resulting in improved device utilisation and efficiency. Based on simulation of the feedback response over a 1‐200 MHz frequency range, a network topology is designed that provides both the bias structure and the appropriate transfer function for IMD3 suppression, demonstrating the first reported practical structure to realize this behaviour over a wide range of baseband frequencies. Two different transfer functions are implemented and compared in performance to the nominal design case with standard baseband terminations. Due to the feedback nature of the approach, stability is also addressed. The 2.14‐GHz proof‐of‐concept prototype with feedback exhibits up to 9.5 dB suppression of the two‐tone IMD3 over 10‐150 MHz tone spacing, without reducing the CW performance of the PA.
Novel 4‐bit second‐order multifunction frequency selective surface
Authors: Shah Gulab , Cao Qunsheng , Azeem Muhammad , Ul Abidin Zain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn innovative four‐bit second order multifunction active frequency selective structure controlled via four PIN diodes with nine different combinations is introduced . The proposed design is equipped with electromagnetic switching, frequency switching and polarization selection at two passbands. The coding states 0000 and 1111 offer transmission to the passbands centred at 1.96 and 4.98 GHz frequencies and shield to the bands centred at 4.98 and 1.96 GHz for transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) waves, respectively. The coding state 1010 offers transmission to the TE and TM waves at 1.96 GHz and 4.98 GHz, respectively and shields the TM and TE waves at 1.96 GHz and 4.98 GHz, respectively. Contrarily, the coding state 0101 offers transmission to the TE and TM waves at 4.98 GHz and 1.96 GHz, respectively and shields the TE and TM waves at 1.96 GHz and 4.98 GHz, respectively. The coding states 1000/0100 and 1101/1110 allow transmission to the TE wave at 1.96 and 4.98 GHz frequencies, respectively and shield to both the passbands at TM wave. Conversely, the coding states 0001/0100 and 1011/0111 allow transmission to the TM wave at 1.96 and 4.98 GHz frequencies, respectively and shields to both the passbands at TE wave. The coding state 1100/0011 provides shield to all the frequencies below 7.7 GHz. The designed structure is validated through the measured response of the fabricated prototype.
Miniaturized and enhanced bandwidth Marchand balun using CSRR
Authors: Deb Partha Kumar , Moyra Tamasi , Bhattacharyya Bidyut Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel and miniaturized Marchand balun is proposed using two quarter‐wave edge coupled transmission line and two complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRR) unit cell in the ground plane. These coupled lines are joined with the help of an uncoupled microstrip line. The short circuit and open circuit terminations are assigned at the specified ports. Two rectangular shaped CSRR cells improve the circuit performance. A step impedance technique has been applied at the balanced ports to enhance the bandwidth. This proposed design produces a fractional bandwidth of 18.75% at the centre frequency with a maximum magnitude and phase imbalance of 0.56 dB and 0.85°. This design occupies a total circuit area of 0.515 λg (30.72 mm) × 0.279λg (16.63 mm). The circuit has been designed at 2.4 GHz centre frequency using low‐cost FR4 substrate material. The simulated and measured results are in acceptable accord in terms of magnitude and phase response.
AlGaAs/GaAs asymmetric‐waveguide, short cavity laser diode design with a bulk active layer near the p‐cladding for high pulsed power emission
Authors: Avrutin Eugene A. , Ryvkin Boris S. , Kostamovaara Juha T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is shown theoretically that a GaAs/AlGaAs laser diode design using an asymmetric waveguide structure and a bulk active layer (AL), located close to the p‐cladding, can provide high output power in a single, broad transverse mode for short‐wavelength (<0.9 μm, matching the spectral range of high efficiency of silicon photodetectors) pulsed emission in the nanosecond pulse duration region, typically <<100 ns. The dependences of the laser performance on the thickness of the AL and the cavity length are analysed. It is shown that the relatively thick bulk AL allows the of short cavity lengths (<1 mm), for achieving high pulsed power while maintaining a relatively low series resistance and a narrow far field.
High amplitude sensitivity gold‐coated trichannel photonic crystal fibre for refractive index sensor
Authors: Dhinakaran Vijayalakshmi , Chellappan Thangappan Manimegalai , Natesan Ayyanar , Krishnan Kalimuthu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose highly sensitive trichannel photonic crystal fibre (TCPCF) refractive index (RI) sensor based surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this design, we have been integrated the sensing layer with thin gold metal deposited over the surface of the TCPCF for fabrication feasible and easy liquid infiltration. Then, Y‐shaped channel is formed through reducing the diametre of air holes for controlling the direction of light through photonic crystal fibre to attain high sensitivity. Also, effective coupling between surface plasmon polariton mode at the metal layer and the core‐guided mode is obtained by numerical simulation of finite element method. The optimized TCPCF sensor exhibits maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1938.5 RIU−1 and wavelength sensitivity of 11,000 nm.RIU−1 within the analyte range from 1.34 to 1.39. Further, we have achieved amplitude resolution of 5.2 × 10−6 RIU and wavelength resolution of 9.1 × 10−6 RIU. It is confirmed high detection accuracy for small changes in RI analyte. Moreover, high figure of merit of 623.9 RIU−1 is obtained for the proposed sensor. Therefore, the proposed TCPCF RI sensor can be utilized in the chemical, bio and gas sensing applications.
Circuit centric quantum architecture design
Authors: Azad Utkarsh , Papneja Ankit , Saini Rakesh , Behera Bikash K. , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the development in the field of quantum physics, several methods for building a quantum computer have emerged. These differ in qubit technologies, interaction topologies, and noise characteristics. In this article, insights are given into the circuit‐centric architecture design of Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. The dependence of the circuit size, circuit depth on the interaction and connection between different qubits present in quantum hardware are discussed. A noise‐aware procedure is presented which helps in determining the optimal interactions between different qubits of a quantum chip to execute a given circuit in the most efficient way possible. In this article, the 5‐qubit hardware in a noiseless setting is illustrated with an example. Also, a benchmark‐driven analysis is performed to show the importance of noise adaptivity in determining the hardware reliability. It is concluded that a generalized and flexible procedure such as this approach can aid in determining the design of hardware accurately for which the circuit runs efficiently, that is, with the least number of clock cycles, the lowest gate operations, and noise‐based errors.
Classification of human activity using radar and video multimodal learning
Authors: de Jong Richard J. , de Wit Jacco J.M. , Uysal Faruk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the defence and security domain, camera systems are widely used for surveillance. The major advantage of using camera systems for surveillance is that they provide high‐resolution imagery, which is easy to interpret. However, the use of camera systems and optical imagery has some drawbacks, especially for application in the military domain. In poor lighting conditions, dust or smoke the image quality degrades and, additionally, cameras cannot provide range information too. These drawbacks can be mitigated by exploiting the strengths of radar. Radar performance can be largely maintained during the night, in various weather conditions and in dust and smoke. Moreover, radar provides the distance to detected objects. Since, the strongpoints and weaknesses of radar and camera systems seem complementary, a natural question is: can radar and camera systems learn from each other? Here the potential of radar/video multimodal learning is evaluated for human activity classification. The novelty of this work is the use of radar spectrograms and related video frames for classification with a multimodal neural network. Radar spectrograms and video frames are both two‐dimensional images, but the information they contain is of different nature. This approach was adopted to limit the required preprocessing load, while maintaining the complementary nature of the sensor data.
State Feedback and Synergetic controllers for tuberculosis in infected population
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ahmad Iftikhar , Babar Sheraz Ahmad , Shahzad Khurram 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease which can easily be disseminated in a society. A five state Susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and resistant (SEIRs) epidemiological mathematical model of TB has been considered along with two non‐linear controllers: State Feedback (SFB) and Synergetic controllers have been designed for the control and prevention of the TB in a population. Using the proposed controllers, the infected individuals have been reduced/controlled via treatment, and susceptible individuals have been prevented from the disease via vaccination. A mathematical analysis has been carried out to prove the asymptotic stability of proposed controllers by invoking the Lyapunov control theory. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink manifest that the non‐linear controllers show fast convergence of the system states to their respective desired levels. Comparison shows that proposed SFB controller performs better than Synergetic controller in terms of convergence time, steady state error and oscillations.
Van der Waals interaction affects wrinkle formation in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Ares Pablo , Wang Yi Bo , Woods Colin R. , Dougherty James , Fumagalli Laura , Guinea Francisco , Davidovitch Benny , Novoselov Kostya S. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Instabilities and formation of complex patterns play an extremely important role in many branches of science. Understanding the origin of instabilities is very important for many technologies. We demonstrate the formation of instabilities (radial wrinkles around bubbles) in atomically thin crystals. Two-dimensional crystals, arranged into van der Waals heterostructures, allow full control over the mechanical properties of the components and the interaction between them, making such experiments easy to reproduce and allowing one to understand the basic, underlying physics of such effects. Such heterostructures allow the observation of instabilities around structural defects (bubbles) where the crystal structure plays a significant role, providing insights into these effects. Such instabilities allow assessment of the elastic and interaction properties of the membranes.
Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. madagascariensis is a fast-growing invasive woody vine. Plants can begin to reproduce after about 200 days and they can produce large amount of seeds which are rapidly dispersed by wind, floodwaters, or stuck to the fur of animals (Starr et al., 2003). Seeds can remain viable up to one year and studies have reported germination rates ranging from 90 to 95% (Starr et al., 2003; Vieira et al., 2004). C. madagascariensis has the ability to quickly spread along water courses, coastal forests, pastures, forest edges, and disturbed areas. The plant can form dense impenetrable thickets by climbing up trees and covering them, and may also displace and out-compete native vegetation.
Tanacetum vulgare (tansy).
Authors: Gassmann André 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

T. vulgare is an aromatic perennial herb native to much of Europe and parts of Asia. It has been introduced into Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Zealand, Peru and the USA. In many parts of its exotic range, T. vulgare is neither an ecological nor an economical problem. In the northern temperate zone of North America (in particular in Canada), T. vulgare has become a noxious dominant weed in pastures, hay fields, riparian habitats and wastelands. Here, the perennial competes with both biennial and perennial herbs, as well as with grasses. It can displace native habitats and reduce the diversity of plants and insects. Due to its toxicity to livestock, particularly cattle, positive selection can be observed when T. vulgare grows under the conditions of grazing.
Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper).
Authors: Ganeswaran R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

According to Viraktamath (1989), 14 idiocerine species in three genera (Amritodus, Busoniomimus and Idioscopus) breed on mango, and of these only six are of economic importance. Mango leafhoppers are major pests in the Indian subcontinent. The major damage caused is at the flowering stage and several studies have highlighted the reduction of yield which may be between 20 and 100% depending on population size. Verghese and Rao (1987) examined the critical infestation stages of the related species I. clypealis in Uttar Pradesh, India. The mean density of cicadellids was 0.54-20.64 per panicle in 1983 and 0-6.03 per panicle in 1984. In both years, the peak population occurred when the fruit was pea sized. At the post-bloom stage a population of two adults per panicle was sufficient to cause yield reduction. It is suggested that the critical infestation stages are at post-bloom, when the fruit is marble sized, and 1 month before harvest, with corresponding critical population levels of two adults, 6-21 nymphs and 4-11 hoppers per panicle. In the Philippines, Corey et al. (1989) found that the economic injury levels for I. clypealis on two croppings of mangoes averaged 4.21, 4.30, 4.45 and 4.55 adults per panicle at 2, 10, 18 and 26 days, respectively, after flower bud break for the first cropping, and 4.79, 4.88, 5.06 and 5.18 adults per panicle for the second cropping.
Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. spinosus is a serious weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. For instance, it is a troublesome weed in agricultural areas, pastures, and orchards in Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Pacific region. In those regions, it is also a serious environmental weed in disturbed sites, secondary forests, along forest edges, and around water troughs (Lemmens and Bunyapraphatsara, 1999; Motooka et al., 2003; PIER, 2015; PROTA, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015). The plant has large thorns which make it unpalatable for grazing livestock and make weeding difficult in parts of the world where hand weeding and harvest are done by hand. Like other amaranths, it produces large numbers of seeds, which can mature after the plant has been cut, and remain viable for long periods.
Thecaphora solani (potato smut).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: March 2021

Abstract

T. solani is a smut fungus attacking tubers and underground stems of Solanum, including potato [Solanum tuberosum] and tomato [Solanum lycopersicum], in the Andean region of South America. It is not restricted to the higher, cooler elevations, but has been a problem in coastal Peru (Bazan de Segura 1960; Zachmann and Baumann, 1975) and also occurs in Mexico. It may be transported in infected tubers and planting material and, very likely, on their surfaces if they become contaminated with the spores. The fungus survives in the soil and is difficult to eradicate; it can infect at least one common solanaceous weed. Losses of 80% or more have been reported in susceptible varieties. EPPO lists it as an A1 plant pest (OEPP/EPPO, 1979).
Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. houstoniana var. calothyrsus is a nitrogen-fixing tree legume which has recently become popular for use in small-scale tropical agroforestry due largely to its provision of fuelwood and animal fodder, and its tolerance of acidic soils. Genetic variation within the species has been the subject of widespread international evaluation and has revealed variation in productivity amongst provenances. A problem with poor seed production has been reported in a number of countries where C. houstoniana var. calothyrsus is planted.
Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

E. tirucalli is widely used in windbreaks, live hedges, as fuelwood and for erosion control plantings. In dry areas, it plays a major role as fodder for camels and goats. It has potential for hydrocarbon production (Hall, 1985), but this has not been fully studied and there is therefore a need to initiate further research in this area. Moreover, research has showed that the species can produce other chemicals which can make its planting more economical.