bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early estradiol exposure masculinizes disease‐relevant behaviors in female mice
Authors: Seiffe Araceli , Ramirez Mauro Federico , Barrios Claudio Darío , Albarrán María Milagros , Depino Amaicha Mara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost psychiatric disorders show a sex bias in incidence, symptomatology, and/or response to treatment. Males are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit activity disorder, while women are more prone to major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders after puberty. A striking difference between males and females in humans and other mammals is that males undergo a process of brain masculinization due to the early exposure to gonadal hormones. In rodents, this developmental organization of the brain is essential for adult males to express the appropriate sexual behaviors in the presence of a receptive female. Our goal was to determine whether this process of brain masculinization influences behaviors relevant to psychiatric disorders. To this aim, we studied sex differences and the effect of neonatal 17β‐estradiol benzoate treatment of female mice on different disease‐relevant behaviors. Our analysis includes postnatal behavior, juvenile play, and adult tests for sociability, repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and depression. Our results show that the sex differences observed in exploration, repetitive behaviors, and depression‐related behaviors are largely reduced when females are neonatally treated with 17β‐estradiol benzoate. These results suggest a role of neonatal sex steroids in the development of disease‐relevant behaviors and provide evidence supporting a role for perinatal exposure to estrogens and androgens on the development and manifestation of psychiatric disorders.
Application of thermoelectricity in fatigue of metals
Authors: Hajshirmohammadi Behnam , Khonsari Michael M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn online approach is proposed to predict the fatigue life of metallic specimens under cyclic loading using the concept of thermoelectricity. The working principle of the methodology is described, and experimental results are performed with a fully reversed bending fatigue testing apparatus to evaluate the efficacy of the approach. Results are presented that correlate the measured thermoelastic potential for low‐carbon steel 1018 specimens measured via an infrared camera. It is shown that the application of thermoelectricity provides a practical methodology for early prediction of fatigue.
Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits
Authors: Di Sacco Alice , Hardwick Kate A. , Blakesley David , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Breman Elinor , Cecilio Rebola Loic , Chomba Susan , Dixon Kingsley , Elliott Stephen , Ruyonga Godfrey , Shaw Kirsty , Smith Paul , Smith Rhian J. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUrgent solutions to global climate change are needed. Ambitious tree‐planting initiatives, many already underway, aim to sequester enormous quantities of carbon to partly compensate for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are a major cause of rising global temperatures. However, tree planting that is poorly planned and executed could actually increase CO2 emissions and have long‐term, deleterious impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and livelihoods. Here, we highlight the main environmental risks of large‐scale tree planting and propose 10 golden rules, based on some of the most recent ecological research, to implement forest ecosystem restoration that maximizes rates of both carbon sequestration and biodiversity recovery while improving livelihoods. These are as follows: (1) Protect existing forest first; (2) Work together (involving all stakeholders); (3) Aim to maximize biodiversity recovery to meet multiple goals; (4) Select appropriate areas for restoration; (5) Use natural regeneration wherever possible; (6) Select species to maximize biodiversity; (7) Use resilient plant material (with appropriate genetic variability and provenance); (8) Plan ahead for infrastructure, capacity and seed supply; (9) Learn by doing (using an adaptive management approach); and (10) Make it pay (ensuring the economic sustainability of the project). We focus on the design of long‐term strategies to tackle the climate and biodiversity crises and support livelihood needs. We emphasize the role of local communities as sources of indigenous knowledge, and the benefits they could derive from successful reforestation that restores ecosystem functioning and delivers a diverse range of forest products and services. While there is no simple and universal recipe for forest restoration, it is crucial to build upon the currently growing public and private interest in this topic, to ensure interventions provide effective, long‐term carbon sinks and maximize benefits for biodiversity and people.
On Inflow to a Tunnel in a Fractured Double‐Porosity Aquifer
Authors: Sedghi Mohammad M. , Zhan Hongbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflow to a tunnel is a great public concern and is closely related to groundwater hydrology, geotechnical engineering, and mining engineering, among other disciplines. Rapid computation of inflow to a tunnel provides a timely means for quickly assessing the inflow discharge, thus is critical for safe operation of tunnels. Dewatering of tunnels is another engineering practice that should be planned. In this study, an analytical solution of the inflow to a tunnel in a fractured unconfined aquifer is obtained. The solution takes into account either the spherical or slab‐shaped matrix block and the unsteady state interporosity flow. The instantaneous drainage water table and anisotropic hydraulic conductivities of the fractures network are also considered. Both uniform flux and uniform head boundary condition are considered to simulate the constant head boundary condition in the tunnel. The effects of the hydraulic parameters of the fractured aquifer on the inflow variation of the tunnel are explored. The application of the presented solution to obtain the optimum location and discharge of the well to minimize the inflow to a tunnel is illustrated.
CAP1, a target of miR‐144/451, negatively regulates erythroid differentiation and enucleation
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Chao Ruihua , Zhang Yanyang , Wang Pengxiang , Gong Xueping , Liang Dongli , Wang Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe exact molecular mechanism underlying erythroblast enucleation has been a fundamental biological question for decades. In this study, we found that miR‐144/451 critically regulated erythroid differentiation and enucleation. We further identified CAP1, a G‐actin‐binding protein, as a direct target of miR‐144/451 in these processes. During terminal erythropoiesis, CAP1 expression declines along with gradually increased miR‐144/451 levels. Enforced CAP1 up‐regulation inhibits the formation of contractile actin rings in erythroblasts and prevents their terminal differentiation and enucleation. Our findings reveal a negative regulatory role of CAP1 in miR‐144/451‐mediated erythropoiesis and thus shed light on how microRNAs fine‐tune terminal erythroid development through regulating actin dynamics.
Environmental and economic implications of stormwater management alternatives in rural development
Authors: Peterson Lisa A. , Awerbuch Patricia M. , Spatari Sabrina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFloodplain restoration as a means of stormwater management (SWM) can benefit communities and the environment but is uncommonly chosen due to limited familiarity in rural and urban planning. This study uses life cycle assessment and life cycle costing (LCC) to compare four SWM alternatives for a typical rural setting undergoing development. We evaluate a case study in Lancaster County, PA in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed which, through community stakeholder planning, undertook a novel SWM plan by restoring its historic floodplain. We evaluate the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) metrics, global warming (GW), eutrophication and acidification and cost for each alternative over a 100‐year period of analysis including construction, maintenance, and end‐of‐life decommissioning. Assuming a 5% discount rate, and that soils do not require off‐site hauling due to contamination, the cost and LCIA metrics for floodplain restoration are not significantly higher than the more conventional surface basin alternative. Although LCC is highly sensitive to the transport of soil off‐site, more than doubling the costs for the underground stormwater infiltration basin (USIB) and increasing eightfold the cost for the floodplain restoration, contaminated soil removal is rarely needed on rural land. For USIB, LCIA metrics are sensitive to the choice of recycling versus incinerating plastic components, with recycling resulting in lower GW; and for the permeable pavement alternative, additional maintenance to extend its lifetime shows favorable cost and reduced GW. We conclude that in rural settings where soil is not contaminated, floodplain restoration offers environmental and social benefits for SWM that outweigh its costs.
Impact of consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment on purchase readiness or aversion of Kurdish consumers in Iraq
Authors: Ali Bayad Jamal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the impact of Turkish–Kurdish political relations on Kurdish consumers' behavior toward Turkish products. The following variables were included as predictors: consumer animosity, boycott participation, boycott motivation, and product judgment. An online survey was conducted to collect the data; it attracted 1,100 participants. Seven hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling. The study findings show that consumer animosity has a significant impact on boycott participation, motivation, and product judgment. Purchase readiness is significantly affected by product judgment and boycott participation. Purchase aversion is significantly impacted by boycott participation and boycott motivation. This study gives insight into a conflict that has not been previously covered; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to examine the consumers' perspective on the on the Turkish–Kurdish conflict.
Healthcare professionals' views of a new second‐level nursing associate role: A qualitative study exploring early implementation in an acute setting
Authors: Lucas Grace , Brook Judy , Thomas Tamara , Daniel Dionne , Ahmet Leyla , Salmon Debra 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAimThe study aimed to establish the views of a range of stakeholders about their experiences of the newly implemented nursing associate role in England and its potential to contribute to patient care.BackgroundSecond‐level nursing roles are increasingly used internationally within the healthcare workforce. In response to registered nurse workforce deficits, a new nursing associate role has been introduced in England to augment care provided by registered nurses and enable career progression of support workers.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with a range of healthcare professionals in a large inner city acute secondary care healthcare organisation in England. Interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and analysed using Framework Analysis. The study was reported according to COREQ guidelines.Results33 healthcare professionals were interviewed—directors of nursing, ward managers, nursing associates and multidisciplinary team members. Participants perceived the role was broadly adaptable to different healthcare settings and provided a positive professional development mechanism for healthcare support workers. Managers felt training commitments made implementing the role complex and costly. Participants argued the role had limitations, particularly with intravenous medicine management. Implementation was impeded by rapid pace and consequent lack of clear communication and planning.ConclusionsThe nursing associate role was perceived as an inclusive pathway into nursing but with limitations when working with high‐acuity patients. Further evaluation is needed to investigate how the role has embedded over time.Relevance to clinical practiceThe role should be seen as both a stepping stone into registered nursing positions and valued as part of the nursing workforce. Consideration must be given to how the role can be safely implemented in different settings. Findings have relevance to healthcare leaders internationally, who continue to work in a climate of economic pressure and staffing shortages.
Anxiety and its association with perceived stress and insomnia among nurses fighting against COVID‐19 in Wuhan: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Shen Yue , Zhan Yuxin , Zheng Hong , Liu Huan , Wan Yonghui , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo investigate the present status of anxiety among nurses fighting the spread of COVID‐19 and its association with perceived stress and insomnia.BackgroundWith the outbreak of COVID‐19, nurses have been caring for infected patients for a considerable length of time in Wuhan, China. Previous COVID‐19 studies generally focused on patients' medical treatment, but few considered healthcare workers' psychological needs while working with a pandemic involving an unfamiliar infectious disease. Numerous nurses have experienced mental health problems, such as anxiety.DesignThe STROBE guidelines for a cross‐sectional questionnaire were implemented.MethodsAn online survey of 643 frontline nurses working with COVID‐19‐infected patients was conducted from 3–10 March 2020. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale and the Athens Insomnia Scale were administered.ResultsOne‐third (33.4%) of participants reported anxiety, which was associated with perceived stress and insomnia among Chinese frontline nurses in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Significant associations were found between anxiety, perceived stress, insomnia, working four‐night shifts per week, experience working during more than two epidemics and fear of COVID‐19.ConclusionsThis study found that a substantial proportion of frontline nurses caring for COVID‐19‐infected patients experienced anxiety. We recommend that nurse managers focus on working conditions and cultivate safe and satisfactory work environments. Meanwhile, frontline nurses should foster awareness of mental health and rely on online resources for psychological training to alleviate anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study could facilitate better understanding of anxiety among frontline nurses; more importantly, healthcare authorities and nursing managers need to pay more attention to ensuring intervention training to reduce anxiety for frontline nurses worldwide.
Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey
Authors: Vural Tayfun , Gölbaşı Ceren , Bayraktar Burak , Gölbaşı Hakan , Yıldırım Alkım G. Ş. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aim to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes between Turkish citizens and Syrian refugees who applied to a tertiary center in Izmir.Materials and MethodsDemographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of 8103 Syrian refugee pregnant women and 47 151 Turkish citizen pregnant women between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively compared. Our primary aim was to compare the cesarean rates and obstetrical results between two groups and to decide antenatal care secondarily.ResultsSyrian refugee pregnant women are statistically younger (p < 0.001), mean pregnancy duration and mean birth weight is statistically lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Adolescent pregnancy rates, preterm birth rates and anemia are statistically higher in refugee group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Primary cesarean section rates, combined and triple screening tests application rates, gestational diabetes screening rates are meaningfully lower in refugee group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionSyrian refugees are at risk for inadequate antenatal care, adolescent pregnancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, care should be given to these risks during pregnancy and childbirth to Syrian refugees.
The Turkish validity and reliability study of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy
Authors: Altiparmak Sümeyye , Yilmaz Ayşe N. , Aksoy Derya Yeşim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to adapt the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) developed by Barrett et al. to Turkish by checking its validity and reliability.MethodThe sample of this methodological study consisted of 596 pregnant women who were referred to the antenatal outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected from those who agreed to participate in the study, by using a personal information form and the six‐item LMUP. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical package programs, and statistically assessed using descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and SD, language and content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and test–retest analysis.ResultsThe EFA revealed that the Turkish version of the LMUP consisted of five items and one factor. The items' factor loadings were above 0.30, and explained 68.89% of the total variance. The CFA supported the one‐factor structure of the scale, which was revealed by the EFA. As a result of the CFA, the fit indices were found to be very good. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.90.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the LMUP is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate unplanned pregnancy.
Mobile photographic screening for dental caries in children: Diagnostic performance compared to unaided visual dental examination
Authors: Estai Mohamed , Kanagasingam Yogesan , Mehdizadeh Maryam , Vignarajan Janardhan , Norman Richard , Huang Boyen , Spallek Heiko , Irving Michelle , Arora Amit , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the use of intraoral photographs with the unaided visual dental examination as a means of dental caries detection in children.MethodsChildren aged 4‐ to 14‐year‐olds were visually examined at their schools. Following dental examinations, children had five photographs of their teeth taken using a smartphone camera. Four dental reviewers, who are different from those who visually examined the children, assessed intraoral photographs for dental caries. Sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐rater reliability agreement were estimated to assess the diagnostic performance of the photographic method relative to the benchmark visual dental assessments. Caries prevalence was measured using dft/DFT (decayed and filled teeth) index.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐eight children (67 male and 71 female) were enrolled and had a mean age of 7.8 ± 2.1 years. The caries prevalence (dft/DFT > 0) using photographic dental assessments ranged from 30 percent to 39 percent but was not significantly different from the prevalence (42 percent) estimated with the visual dental examination (P ≥ 0.07). The sensitivity and specificity of the photographic method for detection of dental caries compared to visual dental assessments were 58–80 percent and 99.7–99.9 percent, respectively. The sensitivity for the photographic assessments was high in the primary dentition (63–82 percent) and children ≤7‐year‐olds (67–78 percent). The inter‐rater reliability for the photographic assessment versus the benchmark ranged from substantial to almost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.72–0.87).ConclusionsThe photographic approach to dental screening, used within the framework of its limitations, yielded an acceptable diagnostic level of caries detection, particularly in younger children with primary dentition.
Folic acid supplementation does not decrease stillbirths and congenital malformations in a guide dog colony
Authors: Gonzales K. L. , Famula T. R. , Feng L. C. , Power H. M. N. , Bullis J. M. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate if maternal folic acid supplementation (5 mg) is associated with a reduction of cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections in a guide dog breeding colony.Materials and MethodsLabrador retrievers, golden retrievers and Labrador/golden Crosses from the breeding colony of a professional guide dog training organisation were eligible for inclusion. Dams in the treatment group (n = 137) received 5 mg oral folic acid supplementation daily from the start of pro‐oestrous through day 40 of gestation. A historical control group (n = 134) was selected from the previous calendar year for comparison. A logistic regression model identified the relative risk of disease (cleft palates, umbilical hernias, stillbirths and caesarean sections) for puppies whose dams did or did not receive folic acid supplementation.ResultsA total of 1917 puppies (890 control, 1027 treatment; from 294 litters) were produced during the entire study period, with 994 puppies (494 control, 500 treatment; from 144 litters) born to the subset of dams (n = 72) who produced litters during both the control and treatment periods. All 95% highest posterior densities of relative risk included 1.0, failing to detect differences between the treatment and control groups on incidence rate of cleft palate (control: 2.25%; treatment: 2.34%), umbilical hernias (control: 1.91%; treatment: 3.12%), stillbirths (control: 3.26%; treatment: 2.92%) and caesarean sections (control: 1.45%; treatment: 1.28%).Clinical SignificanceThere was no observable reduction of cleft palate, umbilical hernia, stillbirth or caesarean section associated with folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the study colony. For a domestic dog cohort with a low tendency of hereditary malformations, such as this study colony, 5 mg dietary folic acid supplementation should not be expected to drastically improve or eradicate these diseases.
Low test–retest reliability of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale within a substantial short time frame
Authors: Rozgonyi Renáta , Dombi István , Janszky József , Kovács Norbert , Faludi Béla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a widely used, validated questionnaire for effectively examining patients’ sleepiness in a range of different situations. Test–retest reliability is an important aspect of a questionnaire, which, according to only a few studies, was found to be low in the case of the ESS. All these studies applied long intervals between the tests, thereby increasing the possibility of fundamental change in circumstances, which in turn affect the reliability of the test. The aim of the present study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of the ESS in a short time frame to provide stability of the test circumstances. We also compared the originally used and current accepted statistical methods of test–retest evaluation. We examined 100 unselected patients consecutively referred to the sleep laboratory with the ESS questionnaire, using a test–retest paradigm with an interval of 1 h between two ESS tests. The Lin's concordance coefficient was found to be low, whereas the Pearson's correlation revealed good reliability. Our result provides evidence on the poor test–retest reliability of the ESS, despite the examination protocol excluding changes in test circumstances.