bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Solid-Phase Extraction of Prometon and Prometryne Using MIL-101(Cr) as Sorbent before Gas Chromatographic Analysis: A Computational and Experimental Study and Comparison between Splitless and PTV Inlets
Authors: Torabizadeh Mahsa , Tabar-Heydar Kourosh , Ahmadi Seyyed Hamid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, prometryne and prometon were extracted and preconcentrated from aqueous media using an online solid-phase extraction–thermal desorption method coupled with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID), equipped with two different inlets: split and programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV). For this purpose, the applicability of Tenax and a metal–organic framework were investigated as solid-phase sorbents. Several effective parameters on the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of sorbent, sample volume, sample pH and thermal desorption procedure were optimized. The analytical performance of the proposed methods showed an excellent linear dynamic range for prometon and prometryne (0.25–100 μg/L) and relative standard deviation less than 4.01%. Moreover, the detection limits below 0.20 and 0.35 μg/L were determined for prometon and prometryne, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking was applied to clarify the adsorption nature and binding energy of MIL-101(Cr) toward the studied analytes, which indicated an appropriate correlation between computational and experimental results. Finally, the proposed method was developed and validated for prometon and prometryne and successfully applied for their extraction from agricultural water, spiked with prometon and prometryne through its direct introduction into the GC inlet.
Cardiovascular risks associated with use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Gaster Natascha , Pedersen Lars , Ehrenstein Vera , Böttcher Morten , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Schmidt Morten 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To examine whether non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with increased cardiovascular risks in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
Using Danish medical registries, we conducted a population-based cohort study in Western Denmark during 2008–17. We identified all patients undergoing first-time coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) due to suspected CAD (n = 35 399), with results showing no (n = 28 581) or non-obstructive CAD (n = 6818). Multivariate Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including incident myocardial infarction, coronary intervention, and death. The rate of MACE increased by 33% for any NSAID use compared with non-use [hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.68] in patients with no CAD and by 48% (1.48, 95% CI 1.06–2.07) in patients with non-obstructive CAD. Rate difference of MACE, per 100 person-years, was 0.38 (95% CI 0.08–0.67) in patients with no CAD (number needed to harm: 267) and 1.08 (95% CI 0.06–2.11) in patients with non-obstructive CAD (number needed to harm: 92). Current use of older cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors was associated with the highest hazard ratio in patients with non-obstructive CAD, both when ascertained as pre-CCTA use (2.9-fold increase) and when ascertained from time-varying use (1.8-fold increase).

Conclusion
NSAID use in patients with CCTA-confirmed no and non-obstructive CAD was associated with an increased cardiovascular risk compared with non-use. The absolute risk differences and numbers needed to harm were considered clinically relevant, particularly in patients with non-obstructive CAD.
Review, Assess, Classify, and Evaluate (RACE): a framework for studying m-health apps and its application for opioid apps
Authors: Varshney Upkar , Singh Neetu , Bourgeois Anu G , Dube Shanta R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
The proliferation of m-health interventions has led to a growing research area of app analysis. We derived RACE (Review, Assess, Classify, and Evaluate) framework through the integration of existing methodologies for the purpose of analyzing m-health apps, and applied it to study opioid apps.

Materials and Methods
The 3-step RACE framework integrates established methods and evidence-based criteria used in a successive manner to identify and analyze m-health apps: the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, inter-rater reliability analysis, and Nickerson-Varshney-Muntermann taxonomy.

Results
Using RACE, 153 opioid apps were identified, assessed, and classified leading to dimensions of Target Audience, Key Function, Operation, Security & Privacy, and Impact, with Cohen’s kappa &lt; 1.0 suggesting subjectivity in app narrative assessments. The most common functions were education (24%), prescription (16%), reminder-monitoring-support (13%), and treatment & recovery (37%). A majority are passive apps (56%). The target audience are patients (49%), healthcare professionals (39%), and others (12%). Security & Privacy is evident in 84% apps.

Discussion
Applying the 3-step RACE framework revealed patterns and gaps in opioid apps leading to systematization of knowledge. Lessons learned can be applied to the study of m-health apps for other health conditions.

Conclusion
With over 350 000 existing and emerging m-health apps, RACE shows promise as a robust and replicable framework for analyzing m-health apps for specific health conditions. Future research can utilize the RACE framework toward understanding the dimensions and characteristics of existing m-health apps to inform best practices for collaborative, connected and continued care.
The Relationship Between Pain-Related Threat and Motor Behavior in Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ippersiel Patrick , Teoli Anthony , Wideman Timothy H , Preuss Richard A , Robbins Shawn M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Although pain-related fear and catastrophizing are predictors of disability in low back pain (LBP), their relationship with guarded motor behavior is unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between pain-related threat (via pain-related fear and catastrophizing) and motor behavior during functional tasks in adults with LBP.

Methods
This review followed PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched to April 2021. Included studies measured the association between pain-related fear or pain catastrophizing and motor behavior (spinal range of motion, trunk coordination and variability, muscle activity) during movement in adults with nonspecific LBP. Studies were excluded if participants were postsurgery or diagnosed with specific LBP. Two independent reviewers extracted all data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess for risk of bias. Correlation coefficients were pooled using the random-effects model.

Results
Reduced spinal range of motion during flexion tasks was weakly related to pain-related fear (15 studies, r = −0.21, 95% CI = −0.31 to −0.11) and pain catastrophizing (7 studies, r = −0.24, 95% CI = −0.38 to −0.087). Pain-related fear was unrelated to spinal extension (3 studies, r = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.33 to 0.026). Greater trunk extensor muscle activity during bending was moderately related to pain-related fear (2 studies, r = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.23). Pain catastrophizing, but not fear, was related to higher trunk activity during gait (2 studies, r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.063 to 0.42). Methodological differences and missing data limited robust syntheses of studies examining muscle activity, so these findings should be interpreted carefully.

Conclusion
This study found a weak to moderate relationship between pain-related threat and guarded motor behavior during flexion-based tasks, but not consistently during other movements.

Impact
These findings provide a jumping-off point for future clinical research to explore the advantages of integrated treatment strategies that target both psychological and motor behavior processes compared with traditional approaches.
Legal professional Privilege—what do we make of it in jurisdiction Malta? The anchors: Part 2
Authors: Galea Patrick J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article is a continuation of Part 1 which appeared in the previous issue of Trusts and Trustees. The concluding note there was that Privilege in Malta is one and unitary, encompassing without distinction litigation Privilege and legal advice Privilege. Part 2 argues that Malta has received various influences over time on Privilege, not least the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU. However, the law on Privilege should never lose sight of the fundamental and defining link between the Maltese Code of Civil Procedure and the traditional Common Law rules on evidence—these should remain, partly at least, a defining anchor of the Maltese Law on Privilege. This article argues that Privilege extends to all materials communicated between counsel and client in the proper course of professional activity. It also reviews areas such as disclosure and Privilege, asks whether Privilege is a substantive rule of law or one of evidence. Other areas considered are loss of Privilege, partial waiver thereof, secondary evidence referred to in otherwise Privileged material and finally inadvertent disclosure. The conclusion is that Privilege is a deep-seated rule of law, procedure and practice of which Advocates and the Judiciary remain the gatekeepers.
Momentous decisions in Jersey—wishes, taxes, conflicts and protectors
Authors: Sanders Nigel , Yates Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article considers a recent example of Public Trustee v Cooper applications in Jersey reported as In the Matter of the Piedmont Trust & Riviera Trust [2021] JRC 24. In Piedmont & Riviera, the Jersey Royal Court’s judgment provides useful guidance on, inter alia the significance of and approach to situations where there are multiple letters of wishes, conflict of interests sufficient to warrant a trustee seeking to surrender its discretion, the importance for a trustee to take advice on the fiscal consequences of their proposed decision (and the risk of the Court declining to bless the decision where such advice was absent) and the role of a protector who holds a power of veto in respect of the power the trustee is proposing to exercise.
AudioChip: A Deep Phenotyping Approach for Deconstructing and Quantifying Audiological Phenotypes of Self-Reported Speech Perception Difficulties
Authors: Bhatt Ishan Sunilkumar , Dias Raquel , Wineinger Nathan , Pratt Sheila , Wang Jin , Washnik Nilesh , Guthrie O’neil , Wilder Jason , Torkamani Ali 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
About 15% of U.S. adults report speech perception difficulties despite showing normal audiograms. Recent research suggests that genetic factors might influence the phenotypic spectrum of speech perception difficulties. The primary objective of the present study was to describe a conceptual framework of a deep phenotyping method, referred to as AudioChipping, for deconstructing and quantifying complex audiometric phenotypes.

Design:
In a sample of 70 females 18 to 35 years of age with normal audiograms (from 250 to 8000 Hz), the study measured behavioral hearing thresholds (250 to 16,000 Hz), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (1000 to 16,000 Hz), click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR), complex ABR (cABR), QuickSIN, dichotic digit test score, loudness discomfort level, and noise exposure background. The speech perception difficulties were evaluated using the Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing Scale–12-item version (SSQ). A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the relationship between SSQ scores and audiometric measures. Participants were categorized into three groups (i.e., high, mid, and low) using the SSQ scores before performing the clustering analysis. Audiometric measures were normalized and standardized before performing unsupervised k-means clustering to generate AudioChip.

Results:
The results showed that SSQ and noise exposure background exhibited a significant negative correlation. ABR wave I amplitude, cABR offset latency, cABR response morphology, and loudness discomfort level were significant predictors for SSQ scores. These predictors explained about 18% of the variance in the SSQ score. The k-means clustering was used to split the participants into three major groups; one of these clusters revealed 53% of participants with low SSQ.

Conclusions:
Our study highlighted the relationship between SSQ and auditory coding precision in the auditory brainstem in normal-hearing young females. AudioChip was useful in delineating and quantifying internal homogeneity and heterogeneity in audiometric measures among individuals with a range of SSQ scores. AudioChip could help identify the genotype-phenotype relationship, document longitudinal changes in auditory phenotypes, and pair individuals in case-control groups for the genetic association analysis.
Pure Tone Audiometry Evaluation Method Effectiveness in Detecting Hearing Changes Due to Workplace Ototoxicant, Continuous Noise, and Impulse Noise Exposures
Authors: Blair Marc , Slagley Jeremy , Schaal Nicholas Cody 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the relative risks (RR) of hearing impairment due to co-exposure of continuous noise, impulse noise, metal ototoxicants, and organic solvent ototoxicants using several pure tone audiometry (PTA) evaluation methods.

Design:
Noise and ototoxicant exposure and PTA records were extracted from a DoD longitudinal repository and were analyzed for U.S. Air Force personnel (n = 2372) at a depot-level aircraft maintenance activity at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma using an historical cohort study design. Eight similar exposure groups based on combinations of ototoxicant and noise exposure were created: (1) Continuous noise (reference group); (2) Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (3) Metal exposure + Continuous noise; (4) Metal exposure + Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (5) Solvent exposure + Continuous noise; (6) Solvent exposure + Continuous noise + Impulse noise; (7) Metal exposure + Solvent exposure + Continuous noise; and (8) Metal exposure + Solvent exposure + Continuous noise + Impulse noise. RR of hearing impairment compared to the Continuous noise-exposed reference group was assessed with five PTA evaluation methods including (1) U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Significant Threshold Shift (STS), (2) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) age-adjusted STS, (3) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) STS, (4) NIOSH Material Hearing Impairment, and (5) All Frequency Threshold Average.

Results:
Hearing impairment was significantly worse for SEG (2) combined exposure to continuous noise and impulse noise only for the PTA evaluation method (2) OSHA Age Adjusted with an RR of 3.11, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–8.31] and was nearly significantly different using PTA evaluation method (4) NIOSH Material Hearing Impairment with an RR of 3.16 (95% CI, 0.99–10.15). Despite no significant differences for SEGs with an ototoxicant exposure, PTA evaluation method (3) NIOSH STS was most sensitive in detecting hearing changes for SEG (8) Metal exposure + Solvent exposure + Continuous noise + Impulse noise as demonstrated by a RR of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.99–1.27).

Conclusions:
Results suggest that a single PTA evaluation technique may not be adequate in fully revealing hearing impairment risk due to all stressors and tailoring the PTA evaluation technique to the hazards present in the workplace could better detect hearing impairment. Additionally, results suggest that PTA may not be effective as the sole technique for evaluating hearing impairment due to ototoxicant exposure with continuous noise co-exposure.
Epidemiological Study of Equestrian Trauma in Geneva
Authors: Naef Sarah , Steiger Christina N. , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Dayer Romain , Ceroni Dimitri 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Horse-related activities are increasingly popular among young people but are frequently associated with severe injuries requiring hospital treatment. There are few data on the incidence of equestrian injuries, especially in child populations, or on means of prevention. Thus, this study’s purpose was to highlight the epidemiological data on specific injuries due to equestrianism and serve as the groundwork for future studies on the prevention of equestrian accidents.

Methods:
A retrospective study collected data on all children younger than 16 years old who attended our regional emergency department after involvement in an equestrian accident. The study covered the periods from 1990 to 2003 and 2011 to 2018. Twenty-two years of data on trauma circumstances, injury patterns (mechanism, anatomic site, and severity), treatment protocols, and hospital lengths of stay were analyzed.

Results:
This study confirmed that more young females participating in equestrian sports attended our emergency department than males. The leading cause of equestrian injury was falling from a horse (80.2%). Orthopaedic injuries represented around 60% of all reported lesions, far ahead of head injuries (30%). More than half of the injured children required hospitalization for inpatient medical care, and almost 50% of these underwent a surgical procedure, especially for upper extremity fractures (72% of all fractures). One patient died due to severe cerebral injury.

Conclusions:
Horse riding injuries occur more frequently and are more serious than in many other sporting activities. There is an urgent need to reassess preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of equestrian injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Strategies for Providing Culturally Sensitive Care to Diverse Populations
Authors: Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma N. , Nkimbeng Manka , Erol Daffcar , Hwang DaSol Amy , Aryitey Akasi A. , Hughes Victoria 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:
Nurses are called to care for patients and families from many backgrounds and cultural groups. This article discusses the key strategies of cultural humility, conscientious practice, and establishing trust that promotes cultural sensitivity as well as congruence with Christian values. When implemented, these strategies can facilitate the provision of quality, culturally sensitive patient care that conforms to a biblical worldview.
Developing Community-Based Palliative Care Services for People Living with HIV in Africa
Authors: Wright Patricia Moyle 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:
Africa continues to be disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Poor access to medical care, limited access to antiretroviral drugs, and lack of supportive care for persons who are symptomatic lead to disease progression. Community-based palliative care services are effective in providing supportive services throughout the course of the illness, but palliative care services are limited in Africa. This article presents a theoretical approach to developing community-based palliative care services to bridge this gap.
Natural Orifice Endosonographic Colposuspension With Rectopexy for Combined Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chandra Abhijit , Rajan Pritheesh , Gupta Vivek , Ahmad Arshad , Parihar Anit , Yadav Gourav , Singh Uma , Rajashekhara Mahesh , Patankar Sanjiv K. , Patel Ravi 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
We describe a natural orifice technique for simultaneous endoluminal lateral suspension of apical vaginal wall and rectal prolapse fixation with ultrasound and fluoroscopic assistance.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:
The technique is minimally invasive, can be performed under regional anaesthesia, and avoids laparotomy or use of a mesh in addition to preserving the uterus.

TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This technique involves suprapubic transvaginal ventral suture colposuspension, fixation of the anterior rectal wall to the undersurface of the anterior abdominal wall and tack fixation of the posterior rectal wall to the underlying sacral promontory through a submucosal tunnel performed endoscopically with fluoroscopic and ultrasound assistance.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
Seven patients with a mean age of 63 years were followed between 3 to 11 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is a novel minimally invasive transluminal procedure that repairs concomitant rectal and vaginal prolapse in the same sitting.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
Improvement in the instrument design and incorporation of endoluminal robotic systems will enhance the technical ease. The study needs validation in larger series of patients with longer follow-up.
Protection in the eye room: minimising risks of COVID-19 transmission during eye examinations in the emergency department
Authors: Wilson Matthew M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOcular examinations in the emergency department (ED) provide an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission due to the close-proximity to the patient and inability to physical distance. In this article, I discuss the appropriate personal protective wear when undertaking an ocular examination in the ED.
Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Sears Clara G. , Eliot Melissa , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Poulsen Aslak Harbo , Harrington James M. , Howe Chanelle J. , James Katherine A. , Roswall Nina , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Meliker Jaymie , Wellenius Gregory A. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Epidemiologic studies suggest cadmium exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, including heart failure. However, prior findings may be influenced by tobacco smoking, a dominant source of cadmium exposure and risk factor for heart failure. The present study leverages up to 20 years of follow-up in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort to examine the relationship between urinary cadmium and incident heart failure among people who never smoked.

Methods:
Between 1993 and 1997, 19,394 never-smoking participants (ages 50–64 years) enrolled and provided a urine sample. From this sample, we randomly selected a subcohort of 600 men and 600 women and identified 958 incident heart failure cases occurring between baseline and 2015. Using a case–cohort approach, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for heart failure in Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale.

Results:
Participants had relatively low concentrations of urinary cadmium, as expected for never smokers (median = 0.20; 25th, 75th = 0.13, 0.32 μg cadmium/g creatinine). In adjusted models, we found that higher urinary cadmium was associated with a higher rate of incident heart failure overall (aHR = 1.1 per interquartile range difference [95% CI = 1.0, 1.2). In sex-stratified analyses, the association seemed restricted to men (aHR = 1.5 [95% CI = 1.2, 1.9]).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of people who never smoked tobacco, environmental cadmium was positively associated with incident heart failure, especially among men.