bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic impact of heart failure in Russia
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Boytsov S. A. , Omelyanovskiy V. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Loukianov M. M. , Ignatieva V. I. , Derkach E. V. 
Published: July 2021

Heart failure (HF) significantly worsens the patient quality of life and leads to the disability of their significant part, as well as increases the risk of death, which in turn causes economic damage.Aim. To assess the annual socio-economic impact of HF in Russia.Material and methods. To assess the socio-economic impact of HF, a model was developed, which assessed the number of HF patients seeking medical care (data from the epidemiological studies), the number of those with disabilities and the mortality rate among them. We also evaluated the costs of drug therapy (data from the government procurement reports) and hospitalization (data from the compulsory health insurance tariffs), social benefits due to disability, and death impact on the gross domestic product. Data on the prescription rate, hospitalizations and mortality was obtained from Russian registries of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Using the foreign study, the costs of family caregiving were also calculated.Results. According to modeling data, there are 7,1 million people with HF seeking medical care in Russia. In this case, the annual economic impact of HF in the context of government spending, is RUB 81,86 billion, including medical costs of RUB 18,6 billion, direct nonmedical costs of RUB 47,1 billion, and indirect costs of RUB 16,2 billion. The impact of family caregiving is RUB 72,4 billion. In the structure of medical expenses, 73,6% is hospitalization costs, while the main costs of drug therapy are borne by patients, since only a part of them (19,6%) receive the necessary medications within assistance programs. In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, medical costs are 56% higher than in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction.Conclusion. HF causes significant economic burden to the state. Improving the healthcare system for this category of patients, including preferential drug provision, will reduce HF-related mortality, the healthcare system costs and, accordingly, reduce the economic impact on the state and society.
Personalized trimetazidine prescription as a cytoprotective agent in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Romashchenko O. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To develop a personalized approach to the trimetazidine use in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) based on the criteria for predicting the cytoprotective activity tested in vitro.Material and methods. We examined 30 patients with class I-III stable effort angina with concomitant hypertension and heart failure. The patients underwent echocardiography, complete blood count, biochemical tests with determination of the lipid profile, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB, renal and hepatic parameters. To determine the cytoprotective activity of trimetazidine, white blood cells (WBCs) of patients were examined in vitro using an Eclipse Ti-U inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). Living and dead cells were determined by staining WBCs with fluorescent dyes (Calcein AM, Ethidium bromide). Cell viability index (CVI) was calculated. The statistical processing was carried out. The criteria for predicting the trimetazidine cytoprotective effect were determined using Wald statistics.Results. When trimetazidine was injected into a WBC suspension sample, two types of cell viability changes were observed: in 60% of patients, CVI increased, on average, by 37% (from 23% to 60%, p<0,001) and in 40% of patients, CVI decreased, on average, by 30% (from 54% to 24%, p<0,05).A number of conditions of the patient initial status were identified for the manifestation of trimetazidine cytoprotective activity: grade 1 hypertension; right ventricular end diastolic dimension up to 30 mm according to echocardiography; normal lipid profile with a total cholesterol <5,3 mmol/L, very-low-density lipoproteins <1 mmol/L and an atherogenic coefficient up to 3 CU, myocyte and cardiomyocyte destruction (total CPK >100 U/L and CPK-MB >15 U/L), normal liver function (alanine aminotransferase <25 U/L), renal dysfunction (total protein <75 g/L, urea >8 mmol/L and blood creatinine >100 pmol/L), normal thrombopoiesis (immature platelet fraction <5%) and the state of functional adaptive system resistance (blood lymphocytes <30% and neutrophils >4x109/L).Conclusion. According to this in vitro analysis, the trimetazidine significantly increases (by an average of 37%) the cell (WBC) viability in 60% of patients with CAD. There are conditions of patient initial status, which specifies an individual pharmacodynamic target for the cytoprotective action of the drug.
Relationship between vascular age and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Najafov R. N. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To determine the relationship between vascular age (VA) and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Material and methods. The study involved 241 residents of Baku. The mean age was 58,7±10,9 years. There were 119 women (49,4%) and 122 (50,6%) men. The mean body mass index was 27,77±4,19 kg/m2. Data on family history, smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, revascularization, peripheral arterial disease, angina pectoris, drug intake, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were analyzed. Patient VA was estimated using an online calculator.Results. The patient VA was on average 78,0±15,1 years. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between biological age (BA) and estimated VA (0,719; 95% confidence interval: 0,651-0,775; p<0,001). Pearson's chi-squared test with Monte Carlo simulation showed that within 10-month followup, myocardial infarction (MI) in presented sample was more common in age subgroups of 50-59 (10,0%) and 60-69 (8,3%) years. At the same time, in the group defined by VA, myocardial infarction was more common in the age subgroup of 70-79 (7,0%) and >80 years (13,3%). MI+stroke+revascularization in the group defined by BA was more common in age subgroups of 50-59 (12,0%) and 60-69 (14,5%) years, and in the group defined by VA, MI+stroke+revascularization was more common in age subgroups of 70-79 (11,6%) and >80 years (19,9%).Conclusion. A significant positive correlation was found between BA and VA. In case of VA >70 years, the incidence of MI+stroke+revascularization increases approximately 3-5 times. Thus, the assessment of VA is an effective clinical tool that allows to inform the patient about possible cardiovascular events and to develop preventive measures.
Biochemical markers of coronary atherosclerosis: building models and assessing their prognostic value regarding the lesion severity
Authors: Zhatkina M. V. , Metelskaya V. A. , Gavrilova N. E. , Yarovaya E. B. , Makarova Yu. K. , Litinskaya O. A. , Bogdanova N. L. , Rudenko B. A. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the individual and complex prognostic value of various blood biochemical parameters (biomarkers) in the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery (CA) atherosclerosis.Material and methods. The study included 216 patients (men, 115; women, 101) aged 24 to 87 years (mean age, 61,5±10,7 years), who underwent indicated coronary angiography. All patients underwent a biochemical blood tests to determine the parameters of lipid, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, the hemostatic system, inflammatory markers, as well as the creatinine level as an indicator of renal function.Results. Analysis revealed biomarkers, the deviations in the level of which contribute to the diagnosis and determination of the coronary involvement. These biomarkers include glucose, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin. Using these biochemical parameters, a multivariate model (MVM) was constructed, which was significant for the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and determination of its severity. With the help of ROC-analysis, the cutoff point of MVM of 2 was found. MVM >2 with a sensitivity of 72% indicate CA atherosclerosis of any severity, as well as with a specificity of 62,5%, it can be ruled out. Using MVM data and a cutoff point of 2, a binary logistic regression model was built, according to which, with a MVM >2, the odds for detecting CA atherosclerosis of any degree is 2,1 times higher (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,2-3,8; p=0,010), severe CA — 4,7 times (95% CI, 1,9-12,0; p=0,001) compared with individuals with MVM ≤2, who have 2,8 times (95% CI, 1,4-4,9; p=0,002) a higher chance of detecting intact CAs.Conclusion. Thus, the total MVM score of 0-2 indicates the absence of coronary atherosclerosis, while 3-4 points -CA atherosclerosis of any severity.
¿A favor o contra Paulo Freire? Pensar filosóficamente un legado, entre la descalificación ideológica y la crítica académica
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar 
Published: July 2021

Este texto propone una reflexión conceptual alrededor de la figura de Paulo Freire y de los modos posibles de relacionarse con su obra y su vida. Después de una breve presentación general sobre los sentidos de esta escritura, contextualiza su obra más reconocida, Pedagogía del oprimido, mostrando el contexto de surgimiento durante el exilio de Paulo Freire en Chile y ofrece algunos datos sobre el impacto de esa obra en Brasil y otros países. Se concentra en tres modos de relación principales que ese libro y en general la obra y vida de Freire ha provocado dentro y fuera de Brasil: a) la descalificación ideológica; b) la exégesis amiga; c) la crítica académica. Describe y ejemplifica cada una de estas posiciones y, finalmente, extrae algunas conclusiones sobre el significado y sentido de su obra y vida a partir de cinco principios (vida; igualdad; amor; errancia e infancia) de lectura que despliegan la politicidad de la educación afirmada por el educador pernambucano.
Surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis
Authors: Zarivchatskiy M. F. , Mugatarov I. N. , Kamenskikh E. D. , Kolyvanova M. V. , Teplykh N. S. 
Published: July 2021

Objective. To improve the results of treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis and carry out a comparative assessment of techniques of surgical treatment depending on the nature of postoperative complications, hospital stay and antirecurrent efficacy.
Materials and methods. The experience of complex examination and treatment of 65 patients with liver echinococcosis for the period of 1999-2019 was analyzed. Open echinococectomy was performed in 21 patients, atypical liver resection in 18 patients, anatomical liver resection in 14 patients, pericystectomy in 10, laparoscopic echinococectomy in 1, percutaneous puncture of an echinococcal cyst under ultrasound control in 1 patient.
Results. The time of inpatient treatment of patients after open echinococectomy was 23.5 4.3 days, after pericystectomy 19.8 1.4 days, after liver resection 14.4 2.7 days, after laparoscopic echinococcectomy 6, after percutaneous puncture echinococcal cyst 7 days. Postoperative complications were observed in 52.4 % of patients who underwent open echinococectomy, in 20 % of patients after pericystectomy, and in 15.6 % after liver resection. There were no relapses of liver echinococcosis in all the groups. Mortality was 1.5 % and was recorded after open echinococectomy.
Conclusions. The most effective techniques for preventing postoperative complications are pericystectomy and liver resection. The duration of surgery and the average length of hospital stay with minimally invasive methods of treatment are shorter. However, the use of these methods of treatment remains controversial due to the possibility of intra-abdominal spread of the parasite. Patients with parasitic liver cysts after surgical treatment are subjected to dynamic follow-up observation (ultrasound examination of the liver, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, computed tomography of the abdominal organs) after 3-6 months for at least 5 years.
Hospital-Acquired Conditions
Authors: Crespi Zachary , Ismail Aya , Awad Mohamed E. , Hasan Ahmad I. , Irfan Furqan B. , Jaffar Muhammad , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Saleh Khaled J. 
Published: July 2021

» In 2016, a total of 48,771 hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) were reported in U.S. hospitals. These incidents resulted in an excess cost of >$2 billion, which translates to roughly $41,000 per patient per HAC.» In the settings of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), increased age, a body mass index of >35 kg/m2, male sex, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte disturbances, and a history of anemia increase the likelihood of surgical site infections.» Institution-specific (surgical) risk factors such as increased tourniquet time, an operative time of >130 minutes, bilateral procedures, a femoral nerve block, and general anesthesia increase the risk of HACs in the settings of THA and TKA.
The Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid Treatment in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Perskin Cody R. , Littlefield Connor P. , Wang Charles , Umeh Uchenna , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2021

» Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a drug used to control hemorrhage by preventing the breakdown of fibrin.» TXA is a cost-effective treatment for trauma patients across a variety of economic settings.» Concerns of TXA causing thromboembolic events (TEEs) in orthopaedic trauma patients are not supported by evidence.» TXA has been shown to reduce blood loss in hip fracture surgery.
Informed Consent for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Jildeh Toufic R. , Abbas Muhammad J. , Hengy Meredith H. , O’Brien Hannah , Gani G. Sal , Okoroha Kelechi R. 
Published: July 2021

» In the United States, orthopaedic surgeons have a legal obligation to obtain informed consent from patients before performing surgery; it is a process that includes a signed written document.» There are specific legal requirements that vary somewhat by state but generally include disclosure and documentation of the diagnosis, an explanation of the recommended procedure, a conversation about the risks and benefits of the procedure, and a discussion about alternative treatments.» Inadequate disclosure of risks and alternatives is associated with increased indemnity risk.» Studies have shown that many consent processes and forms are suboptimal.
CAPITAL AND GROWTH
Authors: Villanueva Delano Segundo 
Published: July 2021

This paper develops and discusses a neoclassical growth model with two inputs: physical capital stock and combined stock of human and intellectual capital. The production process is subject to diminishing returns to capital in perfect markets, in sharp contrast to new endogenous growth models that assume increasing returns to capital in imperfect markets. The model finds that a high saving rate raises both transitional and steady state growth rates of output through increases in physical, human, and intellectual investments that augment labor productivity—a key extension of the Solow (1956)-Swan (1956) growth model. Additionally, the paper derives an optimal rule for choosing the saving rate that maximizes consumer welfare. Implications for growth policies are drawn.
The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct Perpetrated by Peacekeepers in Haiti: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Vahedi Luissa , Stuart Heather , Etienne Stéphanie , Lee Sabine , Bartels Susan A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), reports of sexual abuse and exploitation and children fathered by peacekeepers were brought forward to the UN. In 2017, a cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was administered by Haitian research assistants using SenseMaker®, a rapid data collection tool that allows participants to share a narrative on a topic of interest. In total, 2541 self-interpreted narratives in relation to the experiences of Haitian women and girls vis-à-vis peacekeepers were collected from a convenience sample of Haitian males and females across Haiti. This exploratory secondary data analysis analyzes whether narratives about sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers were associated with rural, semi-urban, or urban locations and investigates the relationship between sharing narratives about sexual misconduct and the desire to engage with the UN/MINUSTAH. After adjustment, narratives addressing sexual misconduct were more likely to be shared in rural locations, compared to urban locations (RRrural: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38). Personal experiences of sexual misconduct were more likely (RRsex: 4.52; 95% CI: 3.34, 6.12) to be associated with rejection of the UN/MINUSTAH, compared to personal narratives of positive/neutral experiences. This research is an empirical steppingstone to understanding the distribution and consequences of peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual abuse and exploitation in Haiti.
Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves behavioral memory impairment caused by repeated anesthesia of sevoflurane in aged rats
Authors: Tian Ming , Wang Yuxia , Liu Degong , Zhao Xiaoling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the behavioral memory impairment caused by repeated anesthesia of sevoflurane in aged rats. A total of 54 Sprague‑Dawley (SD) aged rats were randomly divided into six groups: Blank control group (Control), sevoflurane group (Sev), DHA group (3g/kg), Sev + DHA (0.3g/kg) group, Sev + DHA (1g/kg) group and Sev + DHA (3g/kg) group. Morris water maze experiment was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe histological changes. The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins. Rats were indicated to exhibit prolonged escape latency following sevoflurane anesthesia. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay were also demonstrated to be significantly reduced. Rats treated with different doses of DHA were revealed to exhibit reduced escape latency. The number of times taken to cross the platform and the time for target quadrant stay increased. Histopathological examination indicated that DHA treatment ameliorated the pathological change of the rats brain tissue. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were demonstrated to be significantly increased. The present study revealed that DHA has a protective effect on learning and memory impairment in aged rats induced by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, and the mechanism may be associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Does the Combination of Resistance Training and A Nutritional Intervention Have A Synergic Effect on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Function in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Choi MoonKi , Kim Hayeon , Bae Juyeon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Health-promoting interventions are important to prevent frailty and sarcopenia in older adults. However, there is limited evidence that nutritional interventions yield additional effects when combined with resistance training. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutritional interventions with resistance training and that of resistance training only.Methods: Randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals prior to July 2020 were retrieved from databases and other sources. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool 2. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 program.Results: A total of 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed no significant differences between groups in lean body mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, hand grip strength, knee extension, chair stand test results, or the timed up-and-go test results. In the subgroup analysis regarding the types of nutritional interventions, creatine showed significant effects on lean body mass (n=3, MD 2.96, CI 0.76 to 5.16). Regarding the other subgroup analyses, there were no significant differences in the mean age or sex of the participants, type of nutritional intervention, or duration of intervention.Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that the addition of nutritional interventions to resistance training has no additional effect on body composition, muscle strength, or physical function. Only creatine showed synergistic effects with resistance training on muscle mass.Trial RegistrationCRD42021224843
Extraction of Cellulose Acetate From Cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) Twigs and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Bagasse by Environmentally Friendly Approach
Authors: Maryana Roni , Muryanto Muryanto , Triwahyuni Eka , Oktaviani Oktaviani , Prasetia Hafiizh , Das Atanu Kumar , Sudiyani Yanni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the extraction of cellulose acetate (CA) from cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse using an environmentally friendly method. At first, cellulose was extracted from cajuput twigs (CT) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) through prehydrolysis followed by soda (NaOH) pulping and elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. Later, the extracted cellulose was acetylated using iodine (I) as a catalyst. The obtained CA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. FTIR and NMR analysis proved the replacement of free OH (hydroxyl) groups by acetyl groups. The degree of substitution (DS) showed the acetylation capability of cellulose extracted from CT and SB as well. The diameter of CA and its crystallinity index (CrI) were measured by SEM and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The diameter of CA extracted from CT was approximately 10 μm and it was approximately 20 to 30 μm for SB. The CrI of the CA extracted from SB and CT was 75.6 and 60.2, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal gravimetric analysis showed that CA extracted from CT and SB was thermal resistance. Therefore, CT and SB will be potential alternative resources for CA production using the mentioned medthod.
Solanine Interferes With AKT/p-AKT and PI3K/ p-PI3K to Inhibit HIF and Destroy Cell Energy Metabolism
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Yidong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of Solanine disrupting energy metabolism in human renal cancer ACHN cells and to clarify its target. The specific method was to culture human renal cancer ACHN cell lines, and to intervene with Solanine of high, medium and low concentrations. The content of ATP in cells was measured by ELISA method. The expression of HIF-1α protein and the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, p-AKT in PI3K/ AKT pathway were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that compared with the control group, the relative expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT showed a downward trend with the increase of Solanine concentration (P < 0.05), while the relative expression of PI3K and AKT showed no significant change (P > 0.05). In addition, the relative expression of HIF-1α also showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). According to the above results, it is suggested that Solanine can significantly inhibit the energy metabolism of renal cancer cells, the main mechanism of which is the down-regulation of HI-1αf downstream of the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation process of PI3K/ p-PI3K and Akt/p-Akt.