bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle correlates of eight breast cancer-related metabolites: a cross-sectional study within the EPIC cohort
Authors: His Mathilde , Viallon Vivian , Dossus Laure , Schmidt Julie A. , Travis Ruth C. , Gunter Marc J. , Overvad Kim , Kyrø Cecilie , Tjønneland Anne , Lécuyer Lucie , Rothwell Joseph A. , Severi Gianluca , Johnson Theron , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Macciotta Alessandra , Boer Jolanda M. A. , Monninkhof Evelyn M. , Olsen Karina Standahl , Nøst Therese H. , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Amiano Pilar , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M. , Ardanaz Eva , Vidman Linda , Winkvist Anna , Heath Alicia K. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Huybrechts Inge , Rinaldi Sabina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Metabolomics is a promising molecular tool for identifying novel etiological pathways leading to cancer. In an earlier prospective study among pre- and postmenopausal women not using exogenous hormones, we observed a higher risk of breast cancer associated with higher blood concentrations of one metabolite (acetylcarnitine) and a lower risk associated with higher blood concentrations of seven others (arginine, asparagine, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) aa C36:3, ae C34:2, ae C36:2, ae C36:3, and ae C38:2).

Methods
To identify determinants of these breast cancer-related metabolites, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify their lifestyle and anthropometric correlates in 2358 women, who were previously included as controls in case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort and not using exogenous hormones at blood collection. Associations of each metabolite concentration with 42 variables were assessed using linear regression models in a discovery set of 1572 participants. Significant associations were evaluated in a validation set (n = 786).

Results
For the metabolites previously associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, concentrations of PCs ae C34:2, C36:2, C36:3, and C38:2 were negatively associated with adiposity and positively associated with total and saturated fat intakes. PC ae C36:2 was also negatively associated with alcohol consumption and positively associated with two scores reflecting adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Asparagine concentration was negatively associated with adiposity. Arginine and PC aa C36:3 concentrations were not associated to any of the factors examined. For the metabolite previously associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, acetylcarnitine, a positive association with age was observed.

Conclusions
These associations may indicate possible mechanisms underlying associations between lifestyle and anthropometric factors, and risk of breast cancer. Further research is needed to identify potential non-lifestyle correlates of the metabolites investigated.
Lead exposure and serum metabolite profiles in pregnant women in Mexico City
Authors: Niedzwiecki Megan M. , Eggers Shoshannah , Joshi Anu , Dolios Georgia , Cantoral Alejandra , Lamadrid-Figueroa Héctor , Amarasiriwardena Chitra , Téllez-Rojo Martha M. , Wright Robert O. , Petrick Lauren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Lead (Pb) exposure is a global health hazard causing a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, the mechanisms of Pb toxicology remain incompletely understood, especially during pregnancy. To uncover biological pathways impacted by Pb exposure, this study investigated serum metabolomic profiles during the third trimester of pregnancy that are associated with blood Pb and bone Pb.

Methods
We used data and specimens from 99 women enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors birth cohort in Mexico City. Maternal Pb exposure was measured in whole blood samples from the third trimester of pregnancy and in the tibia and patella bones at 1 month postpartum. Third-trimester serum samples underwent metabolomic analysis; metabolites were identified based on matching to an in-house analytical standard library. A metabolome-wide association study was performed using multiple linear regression models. Class- and pathway-based enrichment analyses were also conducted.

Results
The median (interquartile range) blood Pb concentration was 2.9 (2.6) µg/dL. Median bone Pb, measured in the tibia and patella, were 2.5 (7.3) µg/g and 3.6 (9.5) µg/g, respectively. Of 215 total metabolites identified in serum, 31 were associated with blood Pb (p < 0.05). Class enrichment analysis identified significant overrepresentation of metabolites classified as fatty acids and conjugates, amino acids and peptides, and purines. Tibia and patella Pb were associated with 14 and 8 metabolites, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparing results from bone and blood Pb, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and 1-arachidonoylglycerol were positively associated with blood Pb and tibia Pb, and 7-methylguanine was negatively associated with blood Pb and patella Pb. One metabolite, 5-aminopentanoic acid, was negatively associated with all three Pb measures.

Conclusions
This study identified serum metabolites in pregnant women associated with Pb measured in blood and bone. These findings provide insights on the metabolic profile around Pb exposure in pregnancy and information to guide mechanistic studies of toxicological effects for mothers and children.
Identification of the minimal active soluble TREM2 sequence for modulating microglial phenotypes and amyloid pathology
Authors: Sheng Xuan , Yao Yunling , Huang Ruizhi , Xu Ying , Zhu Yifei , Chen Linting , Zhang Lianshuai , Wang Wanbing , Zhuo Rengong , Can Dan , Chang Che-Feng , Zhang Yun-wu , Xu Huaxi , Bu Guojun , Zhong Li , Chen Xiao-Fen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTREM2 is a microglial receptor genetically linked to the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) have emerged as a valuable biomarker for the disease progression in AD and higher CSF levels of sTREM2 are linked to slower cognitive decline. Increasing sTREM2 in mouse models of amyloidosis reduces amyloid-related pathology through modulating microglial functions, suggesting a beneficial role of sTREM2 in microglia biology and AD pathology.MethodsIn the current study, we performed serial C- and N-terminal truncations of sTREM2 protein to define the minimal sequence requirement for sTREM2 function. We initially assessed the impacts of sTREM2 mutants on microglial functions by measuring cell viability and inflammatory responses. The binding of the sTREM2 mutants to oligomeric Aβ was determined by solid-phase protein binding assay and dot blot assay. We further evaluated the impacts of sTREM2 mutants on amyloid-related pathology by direct stereotaxic injection of sTREM2 proteins into the brain of 5xFAD mice.ResultsWe found that both sTREM2 fragments 41–81 and 51–81 enhance cell viability and inflammatory responses in primary microglia. However, the fragment 51–81 exhibited impaired affinity to oligomeric Aβ. When administrated to the 5xFAD mice brain, the sTREM2 fragment 41–81, but not 51–81, increased the number of plaque-associated microglia and reduced the plaque deposition. Interestingly, the fragment 41–81 was more efficient than the physiological form of sTREM2 in ameliorating Aβ-related pathology.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the interaction of sTREM2 truncated variants with Aβ is essential for enhancing microglial recruitment to the vicinity of an amyloid plaque and reducing the plaque load. Importantly, we identified a 41-amino acid sequence of sTREM2 that is sufficient for modulating microglial functions and more potent than the full-length sTREM2 in reducing the plaque load and the plaque-associated neurotoxicity. Taken together, our data provide more insights into the mechanisms underlying sTREM2 function and the minimal active sTREM2 sequence represents a promising candidate for AD therapy.
MicroRNA-155-5p promotes neuroinflammation and central sensitization via inhibiting SIRT1 in a nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine mouse model
Authors: Wen Qianwen , Wang Yunfeng , Pan Qi , Tian Ruimin , Zhang Dunke , Qin Guangcheng , Zhou Jiying , Chen Lixue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have confirmed that the microglial activation and subsequent inflammatory responses in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) are involved in the central sensitization of chronic migraine (CM). MicroRNA-155-5p has been shown to modulate the polarization of microglia and participate in inflammatory processes in a variety of neurological diseases. However, its role in CM remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the precise role of miR-155-5p in CM.

Methods
A model of CM in C57BL/6 mice was established by recurrent intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin (NTG). Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by Von Frey filaments and radiant heat. The expression of miR-155-5p was examined by qRT-PCR, and the mRNA and protein levels of silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. The miR-155-5p antagomir, miR-155-5p agomir, SRT1720 (a SIRT1 activator) and EX527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor) were administered to confirm the effects of miR-155-5p and SIRT1 on neuroinflammation and the central sensitization of CM. ELISA, WB and IF assays were applied to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-10, p-ERK, p-CREB, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), c-Fos and microglial activation. The cellular localization of SIRT1 was illustrated by IF.

Results
After the NTG-induced mouse model of CM was established, the expression of miR-155-5p was increased. The level of SIRT1 was decreased, and partly colocalized with Iba1 in the TNC. The miR-155-5p antagomir and SRT1720 downregulated the expression of p-ERK, p-CREB, CGRP, and c-Fos, alleviating microglial activation and decreasing inflammatory substances (TNF-α, MPO). The administration of miR-155-5p agomir or EX527 exacerbated neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Importantly, the miR-155-5p agomir elevated CGRP and c-Fos expression and microglial activation, which could subsequently be alleviated by SRT1720.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that upregulated miR-155-5p in the TNC participates in the central sensitization of CM. Inhibiting miR-155-5p alleviates neuroinflammation by activating SIRT1 in the TNC of CM mice.
Microbial co-occurrence complicates associations of gut microbiome with US immigration, dietary intake and obesity
Authors: Wang Zheng , Usyk Mykhaylo , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Chen Guo-Chong , Isasi Carmen R. , Williams-Nguyen Jessica S. , Hua Simin , McDonald Daniel , Thyagarajan Bharat , Daviglus Martha L. , Cai Jianwen , North Kari E. , Wang Tao , Knight Rob , Burk Robert D. , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity and related comorbidities are major health concerns among many US immigrant populations. Emerging evidence suggests a potential involvement of the gut microbiome. Here, we evaluated gut microbiome features and their associations with immigration, dietary intake, and obesity in 2640 individuals from a population-based study of US Hispanics/Latinos.

Results
The fecal shotgun metagenomics data indicate that greater US exposure is associated with reduced ɑ-diversity, reduced functions of fiber degradation, and alterations in individual taxa, potentially related to a westernized diet. However, a majority of gut bacterial genera show paradoxical associations, being reduced with US exposure and increased with fiber intake, but increased with obesity. The observed paradoxical associations are not explained by host characteristics or variation in bacterial species but might be related to potential microbial co-occurrence, as seen by positive correlations among Roseburia, Prevotella, Dorea, and Coprococcus. In the conditional analysis with mutual adjustment, including all genera associated with both obesity and US exposure in the same model, the positive associations of Roseburia and Prevotella with obesity did not persist, suggesting that their positive associations with obesity might be due to their co-occurrence and correlations with obesity-related taxa, such as Dorea and Coprococcus.

Conclusions
Among US Hispanics/Latinos, US exposure is associated with unfavorable gut microbiome profiles for obesity risk, potentially related to westernized diet during acculturation. Microbial co-occurrence could be an important factor to consider in future studies relating individual gut microbiome taxa to environmental factors and host health and disease.
New Therapies for Primary Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Gómez-Díaz Rita A , Corral Pablo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary hyperlipidemias include a heterogeneous set of monogenic and polygenic conditions characterized by a strong family aggregation, severe forms of hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia, appearance early on life, and a high risk of cardiovascular events and/or recurrent pancreatitis. In real life, a small proportion of the primary hyperlipidemia cases is recognized and treated properly. Our goal is to present an update of current and upcoming therapies for patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Recently, new lipid-lowering medications have obtained authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. These drugs target metabolic pathways, including (adenosine 5′-triphosphates)-citrate lyase (bempedoic acid), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (inclisiran), apolipoprotein CIII (volanesorsen), and angiopoietin-like 3 (volanesorsen), that have additive effects with the actions of the currently available therapies (i.e., statins, ezetimibe or fibrates). We discuss the potential clinical indications for the novel medications. To conclude, the addition of these new medications to the therapeutic options for primary hyperlipidemia patients may increase the likelihood of achieving the treatment targets. Also, it could be a safer alternative for patients with side effects for the currently available drugs.
Unmasking Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Association of Longitudinal Glycemic Hemoglobin Level and Medications
Authors: Wang Bowen , Wang Zehai , Poundarik Atharva A , Zaki Mohammed J , Bockman Richard S , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Nadkarni Girish N , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Fracture risk is underestimated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
To investigate the longitudinal relationship of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and common medications on fracture risk in people with T2D.

Methods
This retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using de-identified claims and electronic health record data obtained from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse for the period January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2015. For each individual, the study was conducted within a 2-year HbA1c observation period and a 2-year fracture follow-up period. A cohort of 157 439 individuals with T2D [age ≥ 55 years with mean HbA1c value ≥ 6%] were selected from 4 018 250 US Medicare Advantage/Commercial enrollees with a T2D diagnosis. All fractures and fragility fractures were measured.

Results
With covariates adjusted, poor glycemic control in T2D individuals was associated with an 29% increase of all fracture risk, compared with T2D individuals who had adequate glycemic control (HR: 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.36). Treatment with metformin (HR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.92) and DPP4 inhibitors (HR: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98) was associated with a reduced all fracture risk, while insulin (HR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.21-1.32), thiazolidinediones (HR: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18-1.29), and meglitinides (HR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26) were associated with an increased all fracture risk (All P value &lt; 0.05). Bisphosphonates were associated similarly with increased fracture risk in the T2D and nondiabetic groups.

Conclusion
Longitudinal 2-year HbA1c is independently associated with elevated all fracture risk in T2D individuals during a 2-year follow-up period. Metformin and DPP4 inhibitors can be used for management of T2D fracture risk.
Quality of life of ostomates at a teaching and referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Mungai Margaret Wanjiru , Abere Mercy Nyanchama , Avula Edward Kilamonda 
Published: December 2021

Background: Ostomy surgery is performed to maintain gastrointestinal function. However, there is a lack of knowledge and experience about ostomies among patients and clinicians in public hospitals in Kenya. The issue is compounded by the social isolation and stigma ostomates face in the wards and in the community after discharge. Although it is not easy to identify the exact number of ostomates in Kenya and other African countries, there is need to shift the focus from curing symptoms in ostomates to maximising patients’ quality of life (QoL) and integrating services for ostomates in mainstream public hospitals. Aim: To understand the effects of ostomies on patients’ QoL, with a focus on nutrition, psychosocial aspects and challenges around sexuality after ostomy creation. Method: A descriptive study was undertaken using an interviewer-administered QoL questionnaire with 81 patients. Results: Most patients were male (54%); the largest age group was 35–44 years (24.7%). Colorectal carcinoma, intestinal obstruction and traumatic injuries were the main indications for ostomy. Ostomates resumed sexual activity, but did not find it fulfilling (P=0.002). Most reported feeling depressed, with suicidal attempts that negatively correlated with QoL. Ostomates adjusted their diets regardless of whether their level of QoL was poor, fair, good or excellent after ostomy creation (P=0.564). Conclusion: Ostomates experience low QoL. Patients’ lives can be improved by focusing on providing individualised ostomy care services after discharge. Enhancing stoma therapy training for nurses and running ostomy clinics alongside mainstream services, as well as support for ostomates towards enrolment into the country’s National Hospital Insurance Fund, will also improve patients’ QoL.
Research on Sugarcane Seed-Bud Location Based on Anisotropic Scaling Transformation
Authors: Wang Fukuan , Liu Qi , Huang Meizhang , Qiao Xi , Huang Yiqi 
Published: December 2021

Highlights A method of locating sugarcane seed bud based on anisotropy transformation is proposed.Using computer binocular vision technology, the location of the sugarcane seed bud was determined by edge feature matching of the sugarcane seed bud.There are few methods to study the automatic location of sugarcane seed buds, and our research provides a new research idea.Abstract. Sugarcane is a major economic crop in China, but the degree of mechanization in sugarcane cultivation is low. To improve the economic benefit of sugarcane planting, promoting the use of mechanization in sugarcane planting is necessary. Currently, the sugarcane planted using mechanization has a low survival rate and the mechanization efficiency is low because the existing sugarcane precutting machine fails to address the problem of damaging seed buds. This study proposed a sugarcane bud localization method based on computer binocular vision technology. The sugarcane stem segment positions can be determined by the grayscale horizontal projection after preprocessing the sugarcane image based on color and grayscale features. Then, the bud area can be intercepted according to the positional relationship between the seed bud and the stem node, and the planar position of the seed bud will be determined by using the color space conversion and the gray vertical projection. Finally, the anisotropic scaling transformation is used to match the seed-bud area and restore the spatial coordinates of the seed bud, and the spatial position of the seed bud can be determined. The image pyramid acceleration matching process is adopted, which can make the method more suitable for real-time applications. The experimental results show that the accuracy of seed-bud matching based on the anisotropic scaling transformation is 98%, which provides a basis for research on the anti-injury germ system in the automatic planting process of sugarcane. Keywords: Anisotropic scaling, Binocular vision, Image pyramid, Mechanization planting of sugarcane, Seed bud location.
Development of a Seeding Control Method Based on Seed Height in the Hopper of a Precision Wheat Drill
Authors: Hu Jianping , Zhao Xingsheng , Liu Wei , Yao Mengjiao , Zhao Jun 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsSeed height in the hopper has an important influence on seeding accuracy.Through experiments, the relationship between the seed height and seeding quantity discharged per rotation of the flute roller is obtained.A compensation algorithm for rotational speed is built, which greatly improves the seeding accuracy.Abstract. The aim of this study was to develop a control method for precise seeding that is able to keep the seed discharged quantity per flute roller rotation stable when the seed volume in the hopper is insufficient. The designed experimental equipment consists of an embedded controller, ultrasonic sensor, square hopper, stepper motor, stepper motor driver, flute roller, and pressure sensor. Seed height in the hopper was measured by an ultrasonic sensor, whose installation location was determined by the distribution of seeds in the hopper. Then, the rotational speed of the flute roller was adjusted based on seed height. A pressure sensor was used to monitor the quantity of seeds discharged per flute roller rotation. Moreover, laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the seeding control method based on seed height and the traditional seeding control method. The average seeding accuracy of the seeding control method based on seed height was 4.07% higher than the traditional seeding control method, and the seeding coefficient of variation was 3.56% less than that. The testing results show that the control method that used a compensation algorithm for rotational speed effectively improves the seeding accuracy, especially when the seed volume is insufficient. Keywords: Compensation algorithm, Precise seeding, Seed distribution, Seed height, Ultrasonic sensor.
An Empirical V-notch Weir Equation and Standard Procedure to Accurately Estimate Drainage Discharge
Authors: Shokrana Md Sami Bin , Ghane Ehsan 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsAn empirical flow equation was developed for a metal-edge sharp-crest V-notch weir.A top-down approach was used to determine the height of the V-notch apex.A combination of the weighing method and a flow meter was used to develop the stage-discharge equation.A standard procedure was presented to accurately estimate the flow rate.Abstract. A reliable empirical flow equation for V-notch weirs will provide flow estimates that can be used to calculate nutrient loads leaving fields with subsurface drainage. The objective of this study was to develop such an equation for an AgriDrain metal-edge sharp-crest 45° V-notch weir. In this undertaking, we measured flow rate with a combination of the weighing method for low flow and a turbine flow meter for high flow. The head of water (H) was measured inside a 25-cm AgriDrain control structure with a three-step method. First, we measured the water level (a) and height of the control structure (b). Second, we measured the height of the V-notch apex (c). Third, we calculated head using this equation: H= (b-a) – (b-c). Based on the flow meter readings (Q) and H measurements, we developed the following stage-discharge equation: Q = 0.749H 2.25, with Q in liters per minute and H in centimeters. This equation is valid for an H less than the height of the V-notch (i.e., flow through the V-notch) with unsubmerged flow. Based on field experience, we provide a standard procedure for accurate estimation of drainage discharge. In conclusion, the stage-discharge equation developed in this study can provide reliable flow estimates for subsurface drainage studies. Keywords: Flow rate, Metal-edge weir, Sharp-crest weir, Subsurface drainage, Tile drainage, Weir placement.