bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of neoadjuvant therapy on outcomes in patients with resectable carcinoma of esophagus and gastro‐esophageal junction from a tertiary cancer care center in India
Authors: Rao T. Subramanyeshwar , Raju Kalidindi Venkata Vijaya Narsimha , Patnaik Sujit Chyau , Reddy Pratap , Saksena Ajesh Raj , Rajappa Senthil , Mallavarapu Krishna Mohan , Santa Ayyagari , Gudipudi Deleep , Boleneni Naren , Usofi Zeeba , Gujjuru Swathi , Smith Lynette , Are Chandrakanth , Nusrath Syed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery to upfront surgery (surgery alone) in patients with resectable carcinoma of the esophagus (esophageal cancer [EC]), and gastro‐esophageal junction (GEJ) in a limited resource setting.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify patients (from January 2010 through December 2016) who underwent surgery for EC and GEJ cancers.ResultsA total of 454 patients were included and categorized into the following groups: nCT (n = 65), nCRT (n = 152) and upfront surgery (n = 237). Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma accounted for two‐thirds and one‐third of the cases, respectively. nCRT group patients were also noted to have smaller tumors, lower margin positivity and a higher R0 resection rates. With a median follow up of 76 months (35–118 months) improved 5‐year overall survival was noted in nCRT group in comparison to nCT and upfront surgery groups (56.5% vs. 34% and 35%, respectively, p = .021).ConclusionsThe results of our study demonstrate the beneficial effect of nCRT for patients with EC and GEJ in a limited resource setting. Further studies are required to analyze and promote the benefits of nCRT in limited‐resource settings.
Investigating the physiological relevance of ex vivo disc organ culture nutrient microenvironments using in silico modeling and experimental validation
Authors: McDonnell Emily E. , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEx vivo disc organ culture systems have become a valuable tool for the development and pre‐clinical testing of potential intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration strategies. Bovine caudal discs have been widely selected due to their large availability and comparability to human IVDs in terms of size and biochemical composition. However, despite their extensive use, it remains to be elucidated whether their nutrient microenvironment is comparable to human degeneration.AimsThis work aims to create the first experimentally validated in silico model which can be used to predict and characterize the metabolite concentrations within ex vivo culture systems.Materials & MethodsFinite element models of cultured discs governed by previously established coupled reaction‐diffusion equations were created using COMSOL Multiphysics. Experimental validation was performed by measuring oxygen, glucose and pH levels within discs cultured for 7 days, in a static compression bioreactor.ResultsThe in silico model was successfully validated through good agreement between the predicted and experimentally measured concentrations. For an ex vivo organ cultured in high glucose medium (4.5 g/L or 25 mM) and normoxia, a larger bovine caudal disc (Cd1‐2 to Cd3‐4) had a central concentration of ~2.6 %O2, ~8 mM of glucose and a pH value of 6.7, while the smallest caudal discs investigated (Cd6‐7 and Cd7‐8), had a central concentration of ~6.5 %O2, ~12 mM of glucose and a pH value of 6.9.DiscussionThis work advances the knowledge of ex vivo disc culture microenvironments and highlights a critical need for optimization and standardization of culturing conditions.ConclusionUltimately, for assessment of cell‐based therapies and successful clinical translation based on nutritional demands, it is imperative that the critical metabolite values within organ cultures (minimum glucose, oxygen and pH values) are physiologically relevant and comparable to the stages of human degeneration.
Analytical challenges in human exposome analysis with focus on environmental analysis combined with metabolomics
Authors: Hyötyläinen Tuulia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental factors, such as chemical exposures, are likely to play a crucial role in the development of several human chronic diseases. However, how the specific exposures contribute to the onset and progress of various diseases is still poorly understood. In part, this is because comprehensive characterization of the chemical exposome is a highly challenging task, both due to its complex dynamic nature as well as due to the analytical challenges. Herein, the analytical challenges in the field of exposome research are reviewed, with specific emphasis on the sampling, sample preparation, and analysis, as well as challenges in the compound identification. The primary focus is on the human chemical exposome, that is, exposures to mixtures of environmental chemicals and its impact on human metabolome. In order to highlight the recent progress in the exposome research in relation to human health and disease, selected examples of human exposome studies are presented.
Treating Veterans at Risk for Suicide: An Examination of the Safety, Tolerability, and Outcomes of Cognitive Processing Therapy
Authors: Roberge Erika M. , Harris Julia A. , Weinstein Harrison R. , Rozek David C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndividuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors; however, clinicians often report apprehension about recommending trauma‐focused therapy to patients with an increased risk of suicide. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and response to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) among a sample of military veterans with PTSD and increased suicide risk. A secondary aim was to provide a clinically useful definition of high suicide risk. Chart review was used to classify the suicide risk level of 290 veterans who participated in CPT at a Veterans Affairs clinic. Treatment outcomes in veterans with different suicide risk levels were also gathered and compared. Over 50% (n = 155) of the sample demonstrated increased suicide risk, and 1.0% (n = 3) engaged in suicidal behavior after initiating treatment. To date, hospital records show no suicide deaths since 2016 among clinic patients who received CPT. Suicide risk level was not associated with CPT tolerability, and PTSD symptom change was equivalent across groups, ps = .085–.976. Veterans across groups reported clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms. The tested suicide risk categorization schemes performed similarly in differentiating the odds of CPT completion and PTSD symptom reduction. These results suggest that veterans with PTSD and an increased risk of suicide, including those with previous suicide attempts and current ideation, can tolerate and benefit from CPT. Additional variables must be considered to truly determine the acute and imminent suicide risk that would deem CPT to be contraindicated.
In vivo evaluation of angulated needle‐guide template for MRI‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Moreira Pedro , Grimble John , Iftimia Nicusor , Bay Camden P , Tuncali Kemal , Park Jesung , Tokuda Junichi 
Published: March 2021

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy has been practiced since the early 2000s. The technique often suffers from targeting error due to deviation of the needle as a result of physical interaction between the needle and inhomogeneous tissues. Existing needle guide devices, such as a grid template, do not allow choosing an alternative insertion path to mitigate the deviation because of their limited degree‐of‐freedom (DoF). This study evaluates how an angulated needle insertion path can reduce needle deviation and improve needle placement accuracy.MethodsWe extended a robotic needle‐guidance device (Smart Template) for in‐bore MRI‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy. The new Smart Template has a 4‐DoF needle‐guiding mechanism allowing a translational range of motion of 65 and 58 mm along the vertical and horizontal axis, and a needle rotational motion around the vertical and horizontal axis and a vertical rotational range of , respectively. We defined a path planning strategy, which chooses between straight and angulated insertion paths depending on the anatomical structures on the potential insertion path. We performed (a) a set of experiments to evaluate the device positioning accuracy outside the MR‐bore, and (b) an in vivo experiment to evaluate the improvement of targeting accuracy combining straight and angulated insertions in animal models (swine, ).ResultsWe analyzed 46 in vivo insertions using either straight or angulated insertions paths. The experiment showed that the proposed strategy of selecting straight or angulated insertions based on the subject’s anatomy outperformed the conventional approach of just straight insertions in terms of targeting accuracy (2.4 mm [1.3–3.7] vs 3.9 mm [2.4–5.0] {Median ); p = 0.041 after the bias correction).ConclusionThe in vivo experiment successfully demonstrated that an angulated needle insertion path could improve needle placement accuracy with a path planning strategy that takes account of the subject‐specific anatomical structures.
Nutrition Considerations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lin Austin , Micic Dejan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the definition, prevalence, causes, and clinical management of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prevalence of malnutrition in IBD is estimated to be between 6.1% and 69.7% depending on the definition used, the type of IBD, the clinical setting, and whether the IBD is active or in remission. Whereas older definitions of malnutrition have been found to be correlated with mortality and length of hospital stay, the more recent European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) 2015 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) definitions provide significantly different prevalence estimates of malnutrition when applied to the same patient population, and further work is needed to validate these two definitions against clinical outcomes. In patients with IBD with identified malnutrition, oral nutrition supplementation, enteral nutrition, or parenteral nutrition should be started. In malnourished patients with Crohn's disease undergoing surgery, preoperative enteral nutrition has been demonstrated to reduce the rate of postoperative complications. Overall, patients with IBD are at significant risk for malnutrition and should be screened for malnutrition by using a validated screening tool. The management of malnutrition in IBD is complex, and studies are often limited in their size or their ability to demonstrate an improvement in clinical outcomes based on specific nutrition‐related interventions. Future studies particularly regarding the validation of new screening tools and perioperative management of malnutrition may provide insight into the standardization of diagnosis and management of malnutrition in IBD.
Effects of Implementation of Infant‐Driven Oral Feeding Guideline on Preterm Infants’ Abilities to Achieve Oral Feeding Milestones, in a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Osman Ahmed , Ibrahim Mujahid , Saunders Jean , Merheb Roula , Moscorelli Michele , Caretto Vanessa , Groh‐Wargo Sharon 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThis study examines the hypothesis that infant‐driven oral feeding leads to earlier achievement of oral feeding and reduces the length of hospital stay compared with provider‐driven oral feeding in premature infantsMethodsWe used a retrospective chart review to compare 2 groups of premature infants born at ≤35 weeks of gestation. The control group (CG) received the Provider‐Driven Oral Feeding model and the intervention group (IG) received the Infant‐Driven Oral Feeding model. Postmenstrual age (PMA) upon achieving full oral feeding, PMA at first oral feeding, discharge weight, and length of hospital stay were compared between the groups.ResultsThere are 208 infants in CG and 170 infants in IG. Infants in IG were born, on average, at a lower gestational age and birth weight than infants in CG. The median PMA at full oral feeding of 35 2/7 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 34 2/7–36 2/7) for IG is significantly lower than the median of 35 5/7 weeks (IQR, 35–36 5/7) for CG, P‐value < 0.001. Median PMA at first oral feeding is 34 1/7 weeks for both groups. Median PMA at discharge was 36 6/7 weeks for both groups. Median discharge weights of 2509 g (IQR, 2175–2964) for IG and 2459 g (IQR, 2204–2762) for CG are not statistically different.ConclusionImplementation of the Infant‐Driven Feeding guideline led to earlier achievement of full oral feeding by 3 days on average while maintaining the same discharge weight but did not lead to earlier hospital discharge.
Testing an analogue game to promote peer support and person‐centredness in education for people with diabetes: A realist evaluation
Authors: Stenov Vibeke , Lindgreen Pil , Willaing Ingrid , Basballe Henning Grubb , Joensen Lene Eide 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the outcomes of testing an analogue game to incorporate person‐centredness and peer dialogues in group‐based diabetes education targeting people with diabetes.DesignRealist evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods to explore context, mechanisms and outcomes of the intervention.MethodsIn March–July 2019, the game was tested among 76 people with type 2 diabetes and 17 professionals in 19 settings across nine Danish municipalities. Data consisted of game tests, interviews and questionnaires. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and descriptive statistics.ResultsOutcomes of using the game were as follows: (a) a playful atmosphere; (b) active engagement; c) reflections on diabetes‐specific experiences; (d) focused dialogues; (e) professionals gaining insight into the needs of participants; and (f) professionals experiencing peer dialogue as important to incorporate into education. Questionnaire responses showed that 92% people with diabetes and 94% professionals found that the game incorporated person‐centredness and peer dialogues into education.
The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: Addendum
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivated by prior research examining the myth of inertial stability as a radial restoring force in the tropical cyclone boundary layer, we explore factors determining the vertical velocity at the top of the linear vortex boundary layer. Possible applications of these findings to mature tropical cyclone vortices are discussed briefly.
Adaptive model predictive control design using multiple model second level adaptation for parameter estimation of two‐degree freedom of helicopter model
Authors: Dutta Lakshmi , Kumar Das Dushmanta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposed an adaptive nonlinear model predictive control approach for a 2‐DoF helicopter model with both parametric uncertainties and input–output constraints. In the proposed control technique, the nonlinear helicopter model is linearized along the prediction horizon using a state and parameter‐dependent state‐space model. Furthermore, a linear quadratic objective function with constraints is carried out using the developed linearized model. Here, the multiple estimation model and the concept of second‐level adaptation are used to handle the parametric uncertainty of the nonlinear system. To ensure the boundedness of the estimated parameter within a predefined compact region, a projection based adaptive law is used. The adaptive tuning laws for the unknown parameters are derived by Lyapunov stability analysis. An ensemble Kalman filter has been used to observe the unavailable states of the 2‐DoF helicopter model. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm has been verified successfully in simulation as well as real‐time experimental setup of 2‐DoF of helicopter model and results are documented in tabular form to show superiority with an existing approach.
Recent Advances in Functionalization of Pyrroles and their Translational Potential
Authors: Hunjan Mandeep Kaur , Panday Surabhi , Gupta Anjali , Bhaumik Jayeeta , Das Parthasarathi , Laha Joydev K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong the known aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole represents a privileged aromatic heterocycle ranging its occurrence in the key component of “pigments of life” to biologically active natural products to active pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole being an electron‐rich heteroaromatic compound, its predominant functionalization is legendary to aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Although a few excellent reviews on the functionalization of pyrroles including the reports by Baltazzi in 1963, Casiraghi and Rassu in 1995, and Banwell in 2006 are available, they are fragmentary and over fifteen years old, and do not cover the modern aspects of catalysis. A review covering a comprehensive package of direct functionalization on pyrroles via catalytic and non‐catalytic methods including their translational potential is described. Subsequent to statutory yet concise introduction, the classical functionalization on pyrroles using Lewis acids largely following an ionic mechanism is discussed. The subsequent discussion follows the various metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization on pyrroles, which are otherwise difficult to implement by Lewis acids. A major emphasize is given on the radical based pyrrole functionalization under metal‐free oxidative conditions, which is otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Towards the end, the current development of pyrrole functionalization under photocatalyzed and electrochemical conditions is appended. Only a selected examples of substrates and important mechanisms are discussed for different methods highlighting their scopes and limitations. The aromatic nucleophillic substitution on pyrroles (being an electron‐rich heterocycle) happened to be the subject of recent investigations, which has also been covered accentuating their underlying conceptual development. Despite great achievements over the past several years in these areas, many challenges and problems are yet to be solved, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
Mechanisms beyond energetics revealed by multiscale kinetic modeling of2D‐material growth and nanocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEntanglement of spatial and/or temporal scales proposes great challenges to unravel mechanisms of complex chemical systems for their rational design. Multiscale modeling and calculations combining theoretical methods and algorithms at different scales provide powerful tools to address such problems. It has been conventionally known that energetics such as the reaction barrier plays an essential role in complex systems involving chemical reactions, in this review, we focus on recent progress of mechanisms beyond energetics revealed by multiscale kinetic modeling to emphasize the variety of underlying mechanism for such systems, and highlights the importance of kinetics in multiscale modeling and calculations for practical applications. Several interesting mechanisms as well as the corresponding concepts of multiscale kinetic modeling are described in detail, ranging from effects of geometry, micro‐orientation, or reactant flux on 2D material epitaxial growth, to diffusion, directional mass transfer, or confinement enhanced electrocatalysis on nanocatalysts.This article is categorized under:Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Adaptive evolution of engineered yeast for squalene production improvement and its genome‐wide analysis
Authors: Paramasivan Kalaivani , A Aneesha , Gupta Nabarupa , Mutturi Sarma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the adaptive evolution of a metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in the presence of an enzyme inhibitor terbinafine for enhanced squalene accumulation via serial transfer leads to the development of robust strains. After adaptation for nearly 1500 h, a strain with higher squalene production efficiency was identified at a specific growth rate of 0.28 h−1 with a final squalene titer of 193 mg/L, which is 16.5‐fold higher than the BY4741 and 3‐fold higher over the metabolically engineered SK22 strain. Whole‐genome sequencing comparison between the reference strain and the evolved variant SK23 has led to the identification of 462 single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) between both strains, with 102 SNVs affecting metabolism‐related genes. It was also established that F420I mutation of ERG1 in S. cerevisiae improves squalene synthesis. Further, the effect of increased squalene on lipid droplet and neutral lipid pattern in the evolved mutant strains was investigated by fluorescent techniques proving that the neutral lipid content and clustering of lipid droplets increase with an increase in squalene.
Complexity growth of operators in the SYK model and in JT gravity
Authors: Jian Shao-Kai , Swingle Brian , Xian Zhuo-Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concepts of operator size and computational complexity play important roles in the study of quantum chaos and holographic duality because they help characterize the structure of time-evolving Heisenberg operators. It is particularly important to understand how these microscopically defined measures of complexity are related to notions of complexity defined in terms of a dual holographic geometry, such as complexity-volume (CV) duality. Here we study partially entangled thermal states in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and their dual description in terms of operators inserted in the interior of a black hole in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We compare a microscopic definition of complexity in the SYK model known as K-complexity to calculations using CV duality in JT gravity and find that both quantities show an exponential-to-linear growth behavior. We also calculate the growth of operator size under time evolution and find connections between size and complexity. While the notion of operator size saturates at the scrambling time, our study suggests that complexity, which is well defined in both quantum systems and gravity theories, can serve as a useful measure of operator evolution at both early and late times.
Covariant phase space and soft factorization in non-Abelian gauge theories
Authors: He Temple , Mitra Prahar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We perform a careful study of the infrared sector of massless non-abelian gauge theories in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime using the covariant phase space formalism, taking into account the boundary contributions arising from the gauge sector of the theory. Upon quantization, we show that the boundary contributions lead to an infinite degeneracy of the vacua. The Hilbert space of the vacuum sector is not only shown to be remarkably simple, but also universal. We derive a Ward identity that relates the n-point amplitude between two generic in- and out-vacuum states to the one computed in standard QFT. In addition, we demonstrate that the familiar single soft gluon theorem and multiple consecutive soft gluon theorem are consequences of the Ward identity.