bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-23 Positive Associations between Cognition and Openness in HIV+ Individuals with Detectable Viral Loads
Authors: Martin Karli M , Del Bene Victor A , Triebel Kristen , Wheeler Pariya , Vance David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
High rates of medication non-adherence with the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the HIV+ population persist at approximately 50%. Consequences of non-adherence include higher mortality and transmission risk. As the population of older adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) increases, the relationship between cognition, personality, and medication adherence requires further study. We explore whether the five main personality traits were related to cognition and serostatus outcomes.

Method
186 HIV+ individuals completed a neuropsychological battery and the Big Five Inventory to measure personality. Viral load was dichotomized as undetectable (&lt; 19; n = 128) and detectable (≥20; n = 58). Pearson correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between cognition and openness in undetectable and detectable groups.

Results
Global cognition was positively associated with openness in both undetectable, r(126) = 0.24, p = 0.006, and detectable viral load groups, r(56) = 0.46, p &lt; 0.001, with a moderate association observed in those with detectable viral loads. A moderate, positive relationship was found in the detectable group between openness and verbal ability (r(56) = 0.420, p = 0.001), immediate recall (r(56) = 0.404, p = 0.002), delayed recall (r(56) = 0.418, p = 0.001) and working memory (r(56) = 0.444, p &lt; 0.001). In the undetectable group, openness was correlated with verbal ability, (r(126) = 0.296, p = 0.001), and processing speed (r(126) = 0.275, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
In HIV+ individuals with detectable viral loads, increased openness is moderately associated with higher cognitive functioning. These associations were weaker in the undetectable group. HIV+ people who are open to new experiences have better cognitive functioning, which may be a viable intervention target to increase medication adherence.
A-42 Examining the Utility of the DREFs: Does it Correlate to HbA1c Levels
Authors: Calcagno-davi Briana , Powell Sarah , Ilkowitz Jeniece , Gonzalez Juana , Gallagher Marypat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Previous research suggests that kids with T1D are at higher risk for attention and executive weaknesses, which are the exact skills necessary for proper management of their diabetes (Gaudieri, Chen, Greer et al., 2008; Lin, Northam, Rankins, Werther, et al., 2010; McNally, Rohan, Pendley et al., 2010; American Diabetes Association, 2018). In an attempt to quantify the specific executive skills that impact poor glycemic control in youth, Duke, Raymond & Harris (2014) created the Diabetes Related Executive Functioning Scale (DREFS) (Parent version, Cronbach’s alphas α =0.97). The current study expands on the one published research article on the DREFs, by examining the link between Parent DREFs and child’s HbA1c levels in a northeast population.

Method
HbA1c levels and scores on parent DREFs of 23 youth (10–17 years-old; 10 males) in ongoing research at the NYU Diabetes Center were reviewed. All participants were English speaking.

Results
The sample as a whole had relatively high HbA1c level, which is above the American Diabetes Associations recommended upper limit of 7% (M = 7.92, SD = 1.38) with DREF total score (M = 276, SD = 44). Spearman’s Correlations revealed a significant positive correlation between emotional control and higher HbA1c (rs [23] = −0.482, p = 0.020).

Conclusion
In our sample in the north east, urban clinic, poor emotional regulation was strongly correlated with poorer diabetes control. Unlike the initial study on the DREFS, many aspects of executive functioning were not strongly correlated to blood glucose control. This highlights the need for better understanding psychosocial functioning in children with chronic health conditions.
A-56 Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Patient with a History of COVID-19 Positivity and co-Morbid Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Lapitan Franchezka , Wisinger Amanda , Fink Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Neurocognitive complaints have been observed in severe cases of post-COVID-19 diagnosis. However, limited information exists regarding specific neurocognitive deficits of patients reporting mild infection symptoms and persistent memory problems after infection. We report on a patient referred for worsening memory complaints 7-months after testing positive.

Method
Patient was a 74-year-old Caucasian female with a history of COVID-19. Relevant history was significant for sleep apnea, pulmonary embolism, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type-2 diabetes. Imaging pre-infection revealed mild cerebrovascular disease. Patient underwent a tele-neuropsychological evaluation to assess the extent of cognitive difficulties.

Results
Results indicated prominent difficulties were in the domains of immediate and delayed memory and executive functioning. Patient denied anxiety and depression on self-report measures, however, collateral information suggested she experienced a substantial increase in psychiatric symptoms following COVID-19. Activities of daily living (ADLs) were preserved, but she required increased assistance with complex ADLs. Post-infection cerebrovascular disease on imaging was documented as unchanged.

Conclusions
Although specific cognitive impairments were noted, discernment of direct residual effects of COVID-19 is limited in cases without a pre-COVID-19 neurocognitive baseline and with pre-existing conditions affecting the brain, such as cerebrovascular disease. This case illustrates the rising conundrum of clinical cases with stable underlying medical conditions but presence of cognitive deficits post-infection. Caution is needed to avoid over-interpretation of cognitive test results and necessity for a thorough clinical history that includes duration and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Future research is needed on larger group studies comparing pre and post-COVID-19 neurocognitive results of patients with varying levels of vascular risk factors.
A-57 The Neuropsychological Impact of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Del Pozzo Jill , Weiss Erica F , Bronshteyn Diana , Masur David M , McGinley John J , Facchini Ronda F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes Syndrome, is an autoimmune condition linked to various adverse medical and neurological outcomes affecting 5 in 100,000. APS results from antibodies (aPL) that attack blood proteins that bind to phospholipids (e.g., 2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin), which can cause blood flow problems, increased risk of blood clots, and recurrent vascular thrombotic events. Research suggests APS may lead to various neurologic/medical issues including memory loss, visual disturbances, and dementia.

Method
Neuropsychological evaluation of 48-year-old female with triple-positive APS and history of bilateral superior parietal chronic ischemic infarctions, multiple bilateral lacunar infarctions, and bilateral encephalomalacia. Reports progressive cognitive changes (&lt; 1 year).

Results
Neuropsychological evaluation evidenced low average premorbid functioning and currently, extremely low overall cognitive ability. Memory was variable with significant visual and working memory impairment but preserved delayed recall of contextual information. While verbal abilities were intact, deficits were noted in executive functioning, attention, processing speed, visuomotor, visual–spatial, and fine motor skills.

Conclusion
This 48-year-old woman’s cognitive profile is consistent with findings in the APS literature and is indicative of an early onset major vascular neurocognitive disorder. Retrospective studies suggest that cognitive deficits often precede somatic symptoms of APS and abnormal neuroimaging findings; she presents atypically, as somatic symptoms and abnormal neuroimaging preceded cognitive decline. This case adds to the limited body of neuropsychological data regarding the effects of APS on cognitive functioning, as the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in APS is unclear and leads to questions regarding differences in, and trajectories of, cognitive deficits in APS.
A-67 Measuring Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Perez Sophia G , McDonald Bailey , Spagna Samantha , Golden Charles J , Willeumier Kristen , Amen Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. Mehtods: Healthy controls (n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female, 42.0% Caucasian) and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with OCD (n = 1020, Mage = 34.8, 33.6% female, 66.3% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(1099) = −4.4], gender [χ2(2) = 25.7], and race [χ2(12) = 30.1] between groups and therefore were controlled for. Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,1096) = 21.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3], limbic system [left:F(1,1096) = 12.2; right:F(1,1096) = 10.4], and basal ganglia [left:F(1,1096) = 18.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3].

Results
Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum for the OCD group. Lower perfusion was found in the limbic system and basal ganglia in the OCD group. This study found higher perfusion in the cerebellum among the OCD group. Previous research found increased rCBF in the left cerebellum in OCD before pharmacotherapy. In the right cerebellum, increased rCBF was found among participants with early-onset OCD.

Conclusion
Overall, there is limited research on the cerebellum because of its use as a reference point. No research was found regarding the limbic system in OCD using SPECT; however, other neuroimaging found increased amygdala reactivity to emotional face stimuli. This study found lower perfusion in the basal ganglia among the OCD group. Previous research found hypoperfusion in the right; however, hypoperfusion in the left was not significant. Updated OCD and rCBF research with SPECT are needed. Limitations included the inclusion of comorbidities and use of DSM-IV-TR rather than DSM-5 diagnosis criteria.
A-76 Coping Style Moderates the Effect of Pain on Depression in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bradson Megan L , Cadden Margaret H , Guty Erin T , Riegler Kaitlin E , Thomas Garrett A , Arnett Peter A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The present study examined coping style as a possible moderator in the relationship between pain and depression in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Method
Fifty-four PwMS (38 female) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and psychosocial questionnaires. Pain was measured using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and indices of pain severity and pain interference were derived. Active coping and avoidant coping scores were derived from the COPE Questionnaire. The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) was used to measure depression.

Results
Regression analyses revealed that the interactions between pain severity and both avoidant (p = 0.005) and active (p = 0.004) coping composites significantly predicted depression. Simple effects tests revealed that pain severity predicted depression in PwMS with low active coping (p &lt; 0.001) and high avoidant coping (p &lt; 0.001), but not high active coping or low avoidant coping. The interactions between pain interference and both avoidant (p = 0.02) and active (p = 0.008) coping composites also significantly predicted depression. Simple effects tests revealed that pain interference predicted depression in PwMS with low active coping (p &lt; 0.001), high active coping, (p = 0.048), and high avoidant coping (p &lt; 0.001), but not low avoidant coping.

Conclusions
We found that coping style moderated the relationship between pain and depression in MS. Pain severity and pain interference predicted depression in PwMS who exhibited less active and more avoidant coping. Interventions that aim to reduce avoidant coping and increase active coping skills may be useful in improving affective outcomes in PwMS.
Interictal high frequency background activity as a biomarker of epileptogenic tissue
Authors: Stovall Truman , Hunt Brian , Glynn Simon , Stacey William C , Gliske Stephen V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are very brief events that are a well-established biomarker of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) but are rare and comprise only a tiny fraction of the total recorded EEG. We hypothesize that the interictal high frequency ‘background’ data, which has received little attention but represents the majority of the EEG record, also may contain additional, novel information for identifying the EZ. We analysed intracranial EEG (30–500 Hz frequency range) acquired from 24 patients who underwent resective surgery. We computed 38 quantitative features based on all usable, interictal data (63–307 h per subject), excluding all detected HFOs. We assessed association between each feature and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and resected volume (RV) using logistic regression. A pathology score per channel was also created via principle component analysis and logistic regression, using hold-out-one-patient cross-validation to avoid in-sample training. Association of the pathology score with the SOZ and RV was quantified using an asymmetry measure. Many features were associated with the SOZ: 23/38 features had odds ratios &gt;1.3 or &lt;0.7 and 17/38 had odds ratios different than zero with high significance (P &lt; 0.001/39, logistic regression with Bonferroni Correction). The pathology score, the rate of HFOs, and their channel-wise product were each strongly associated with the SOZ [median asymmetry ≥0.44, good surgery outcome patients; median asymmetry ≥0.40, patients with other outcomes; 95% confidence interval (CI) &gt; 0.27 in both cases]. The pathology score and the channel-wise product also had higher asymmetry with respect to the SOZ than the HFO rate alone (median difference in asymmetry ≥0.18, 95% CI &gt;0.05). These results support that the high frequency background data contains useful information for determining the EZ, distinct and complementary to information from detected HFOs. The concordance between the high frequency activity pathology score and the rate of HFOs appears to be a better biomarker of epileptic tissue than either measure alone.
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever: Novel Immunohistochemical Findings in Fatal Cases and Clinico-pathologic Correlation
Authors: Shieh Wun-Ju , Demby Austin , Jones Tara , Goldsmith Cynthia S , Rollin Pierre E , Ksiazek Thomas G , Peters Clarence J , Zaki Sherif R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Lassa fever is a zoonotic, acute viral illness first identified in Nigeria in 1969. An estimate shows that the “at risk” seronegative population (in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Nigeria) may be as high as 59 million, with an annual incidence of all illnesses of 3 million, and fatalities up to 67 000, demonstrating the serious impact of the disease on the region and global health.

Methods
Histopathologic evaluation, immunohistochemical assay, and electron microscopic examination were performed on postmortem tissue samples from 12 confirmed Lassa fever cases.

Results
Lassa fever virus antigens and viral particles were observed in multiple organ systems and cells, including cells in the mononuclear phagocytic system and other specialized cells where it had not been described previously.

Conclusions
The immunolocalization of Lassa fever virus antigens in fatal cases provides novel insightful information with clinical and pathogenetic implications. The extensive involvement of the mononuclear phagocytic system, including tissue macrophages and endothelial cells, suggests participation of inflammatory mediators from this lineage with the resulting vascular dilatation and increasing permeability. Other findings indicate the pathogenesis of Lassa fever is multifactorial and additional studies are needed.
Universal Lifelong Fungal Prophylaxis and Risk of Coccidioidomycosis in Lung Transplant Recipients Living in an Endemic Area
Authors: Truong Clover N , Nailor Michael D , Walia Rajat , Cherrier Lauren , Nasar Aasya , Goodlet Kellie J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Lung transplant recipients residing in the endemic region are vulnerable to severe morbidity and mortality from Coccidioides. As infection risk persists beyond the first posttransplant year, investigations evaluating extended prophylaxis durations are needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of coccidioidomycosis among lung transplant recipients receiving universal lifelong azole antifungal prophylaxis.

Methods
Patients receiving transplants from 2013–2018 and initiated on azole antifungal prophylaxis at a lung transplant center in Arizona were included and followed through 2019 or until death, second transplant, or loss to follow-up. Recipients who died or received treatment for coccidioidomycosis during the transplant admission, or who had received a previous transplant, were excluded. The primary outcome was proven or probable coccidioidomycosis with new asymptomatic seropositivity assessed secondarily.

Results
A total of 493 lung transplant recipients were included, with 82% initiated on itraconazole prophylaxis, 9.3% on voriconazole, and 8.5% on posaconazole. Mean age at transplant was 62 years, 77% were diabetic, and 8% were seropositive for Coccidioides pretransplant. After a median follow-up of 31 months, 1 proven infection and 1 case of new asymptomatic seropositivity (1/493 each, 0.2% incidence) occurred during the study period. The single coccidioidomycosis case occurred 5 years posttransplant in a patient who had azole prophylaxis stopped several months prior. Although within-class switches were common throughout the study period, permanent discontinuation of azole prophylaxis was rare (1.4% at end of follow-up).

Conclusions
Universal lifelong azole prophylaxis was associated with a low rate of coccidioidomycosis among lung transplant recipients residing in endemic regions.
Latino Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Martinez Diego A , Klein Eili Y , Parent Cassandra , Prieto Diana , Bigelow Benjamin F , Saxton Ronald E , Page Kathleen R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We assessed temporal changes in the household secondary attack rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and identified risk factors for transmission in vulnerable Latino households of Baltimore, Maryland. The household secondary attack rate was 45.8%, and it appeared to increase as the alpha variant spread, highlighting the magnified risk of spread in unvaccinated populations.
Opposing functions of the Hda1 complex and histone H2B mono-ubiquitylation in regulating cryptic transcription inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shirra Margaret K , Kocik Rachel A , Ellison Mitchell A , Arndt Karen M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaintenance of chromatin structure under the disruptive force of transcription requires cooperation among numerous regulatory factors. Histone post-translational modifications can regulate nucleosome stability and influence the disassembly and reassembly of nucleosomes during transcription elongation. The Paf1 transcription elongation complex, Paf1C, is required for several transcription-coupled histone modifications, including the mono-ubiquitylation of H2B. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, amino acid substitutions in the Rtf1 subunit of Paf1C greatly diminish H2B ubiquitylation and cause transcription to initiate at a cryptic promoter within the coding region of the FLO8 gene, an indicator of chromatin disruption. In a genetic screen to identify factors that functionally interact with Paf1C, we identified mutations in HDA3, a gene encoding a subunit of the Hda1C histone deacetylase (HDAC), as suppressors of an rtf1 mutation. Absence of Hda1C also suppresses the cryptic initiation phenotype of other mutants defective in H2B ubiquitylation. The genetic interactions between Hda1C and the H2B ubiquitylation pathway appear specific: loss of Hda1C does not suppress the cryptic initiation phenotypes of other chromatin mutants and absence of other HDACs does not suppress the absence of H2B ubiquitylation. Providing further support for an appropriate balance of histone acetylation in regulating cryptic initiation, absence of the Sas3 histone acetyltransferase elevates cryptic initiation in rtf1 mutants. Our data suggest that the H2B ubiquitylation pathway and Hda1C coordinately regulate chromatin structure during transcription elongation and point to a potential role for a HDAC in supporting chromatin accessibility.
Genomic signatures of inbreeding in a critically endangered parrot, the kākāpō
Authors: Foster Yasmin , Dutoit Ludovic , Grosser Stefanie , Dussex Nicolas , Foster Brodie J , Dodds Ken G , Brauning Rudiger , Van Stijn Tracey , Robertson Fiona , McEwan John C , Jacobs Jeanne M E , Robertson Bruce C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Events of inbreeding are inevitable in critically endangered species. Reduced population sizes and unique life-history traits can increase the severity of inbreeding, leading to declines in fitness and increased risk of extinction. Here, we investigate levels of inbreeding in a critically endangered flightless parrot, the kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus), wherein a highly inbred island population and one individual from the mainland of New Zealand founded the entire extant population. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and a genotype calling approach using a chromosome-level genome assembly, identified a filtered set of 12,241 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 161 kākāpō, which together encompass the total genetic potential of the extant population. Multiple molecular-based estimates of inbreeding were compared, including genome-wide estimates of heterozygosity (FH), the diagonal elements of a genomic-relatedness matrix (FGRM), and runs of homozygosity (RoH, FRoH). In addition, we compared levels of inbreeding in chicks from a recent breeding season to examine if inbreeding is associated with offspring survival. The density of SNPs generated with GBS was sufficient to identify chromosomes that were largely homozygous with RoH distributed in similar patterns to other inbred species. Measures of inbreeding were largely correlated and differed significantly between descendants of the two founding populations. However, neither inbreeding nor ancestry was found to be associated with reduced survivorship in chicks, owing to unexpected mortality in chicks exhibiting low levels of inbreeding. Our study highlights important considerations for estimating inbreeding in critically endangered species, such as the impacts of small population sizes and admixture between diverse lineages.