bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary heritage and ecological uniqueness of Scots pine in the Caucasus ecoregion is at risk of climate changes
Authors: Dering M. , Baranowska M. , Beridze B. , Chybicki I. J. , Danelia I. , Iszkuło G. , Kvartskhava G. , Kosiński P. , Rączka G. , Thomas P. A. , Tomaszewski D. , Walas Ł. , Sękiewicz K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScots pine is one of the most widely occurring pines, but future projections suggest a large reduction in its range, mostly at the southern European limits. A significant part of its range is located in the Caucasus, a global hot-spot of diversity. Pine forests are an important reservoir of biodiversity and endemism in this region. We explored demographic and biogeographical processes that shaped the genetic diversity of Scots pine in the Caucasus ecoregion and its probable future distribution under different climate scenarios. We found that the high genetic variability of the Caucasian populations mirrors a complex glacial and postglacial history that had a unique evolutionary trajectory compared to the main range in Europe. Scots pine currently grows under a broad spectrum of climatic conditions in the Caucasus, which implies high adaptive potential in the past. However, the current genetic resources of Scots pine are under high pressure from climate change. From our predictions, over 90% of the current distribution of Scots pine may be lost in this century. By threatening the stability of the forest ecosystems, this would dramatically affect the biodiversity of the Caucasus hot-spot.
The Jaynes–Cummings model of a two-level atom in a single-mode para-Bose cavity field
Authors: Fakhri H. , Sayyah-Fard M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coherent states in the parity deformed analog of standard boson Glauber coherent states are generated, which admit a resolution of unity with a positive measure. The quantum-mechanical nature of the light field of these para-Bose states is studied, and it is found that para-Bose order plays an important role in the nonclassical behaviors including photon antibunching, sub-Poissonian statistics, signal-to-quantum noise ratio, quadrature squeezing effect, and multi-peaked number distribution. Furthermore, we consider the Jaynes-Cummings model of a two-level atom in a para-Bose cavity field with the initial states of the excited and Glauber coherent ones when the atom makes one-photon transitions, and obtain exact energy spectrum and eigenstates of the deformed model. Nonclassical properties of the time-evolved para-Bose atom-field states are exhibited through evaluating the fidelity, evolution of atomic inversion, level damping, and von Neumann entropy. It is shown that the evolution time and the para-Bose order control these properties.
Liver fibrosis promotes immunity escape but limits the size of liver tumor in a rat orthotopic transplantation model
Authors: Li Tongqiang , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Yingliang , Zhou Chen , Shi Qin , Huang Songjiang , Yang Chongtu , Chen Yang , Bai Yaowei , Xiong Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiver fibrosis plays a crucial role in promoting tumor immune escape and tumor aggressiveness for liver cancer. However, an interesting phenomenon is that the tumor size of liver cancer patients with liver fibrosis is smaller than that of patients without liver fibrosis. In this study, 16 SD rats were used to establish orthotopic liver tumor transplantation models with Walker-256 cell lines, respectively on the fibrotic liver (n = 8, LF group) and normal liver (n = 8, control group). MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) was used to monitor the size of the tumors. All rats were executed at the third week after modeling, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to reflect the changes in the tumor microenvironment. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein receptor-L1) expression was higher, and the neutrophil infiltration increased while the effector (CD8+) T cell infiltration decreased in the LF group. Additionally, the expression of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) of tumor tissue in the LF group increased. Three weeks after modeling, the size of tumors in the LF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (382.47 ± 195.06 mm3 vs. 1736.21 ± 657.25 mm3, P < 0.001). Taken together, we concluded that liver fibrosis facilitated tumor immunity escape but limited the expansion of tumor size.
Correlation between surface texture and internal defects in laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Yonehara Makiko , Kato Chika , Ikeshoji Toshi-Taka , Takeshita Koki , Kyogoku Hideki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe availability of an in-situ monitoring and feedback control system during the implementation of metal additive manufacturing technology ensures that high-quality finished parts are manufactured. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the surface texture and internal defects or density of laser-beam powder-bed fusion (LB-PBF) parts. In this study, 120 cubic specimens were fabricated via application of the LB-PBF process to the IN 718 Ni alloy powder. The density and 35 areal surface-texture parameters of manufactured specimens were determined based on the ISO 25,178–2 standard. Using a statistical method, a strong correlation was observed between the areal surface-texture parameters and density or internal defects within specimens. In particular, the areal surface-texture parameters of reduced dale height, core height, root-mean-square height, and root-mean-square gradient demonstrate a strong correlation with specimen density. Therefore, in-situ monitoring of these areal surface-texture parameters can facilitate their use as control variables in the feedback system.
Sex differences in auditory processing vary across estrous cycle
Authors: Krizman Jennifer , Rotondo Elena K. , Nicol Trent , Kraus Nina , Bieszczad Kasia M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn humans, females process a sound’s harmonics more robustly than males. As estrogen regulates auditory plasticity in a sex-specific manner in seasonally breeding animals, estrogen signaling is one hypothesized mechanism for this difference in humans. To investigate whether sex differences in harmonic encoding vary similarly across the reproductive cycle of mammals, we recorded frequency-following responses (FFRs) to a complex sound in male and female rats. Female FFRs were collected during both low and high levels of circulating estrogen during the estrous cycle. Overall, female rodents had larger harmonic encoding than male rodents, and greater harmonic strength was seen during periods of greater estrogen production in the females. These results argue that hormonal differences, specifically estrogen, underlie sex differences in harmonic encoding in rodents and suggest that a similar mechanism may underlie differences seen in humans.
Usefulness of lung ultrasound for selecting asymptomatic older patients with COVID 19 pneumonia
Authors: Okoye Chukwuma , Calsolaro Valeria , Fabbri Alessandra , Franchi Riccardo , Antognoli Rachele , Zisca Ludovica , Bianchi Camilla , Calabrese Alessia Maria , Rogani Sara , Monzani Fabio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClinical and prognostic differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic older patients with COVID-19 are of great interest since frail patients often show atypical presentation of illness. Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has been proven to be a reliable tool for detecting early-phase COVID-19 pneumonic alterations. The current prospective bicentric study aimed to compare LUS score and 3-month overall mortality between asymptomatic and symptomatic older patients with COVID-19, according to frailty status. Patients were stratified according to LUS score tertiles and Clinical Frailty Scale categories. Survival rate was assessed by telephone interviews 3 months after discharge. 64 symptomatic (24 women, aged 80.0 ± 10.8 years) and 46 asymptomatic (31 women, aged 84.3 ± 8.8 years) were consecutively enrolled. LUS score resulted an independent predictor of 3-month mortality [OR 2.27 (CI95% 1.09–4.8), p = 0.03], and the highest mortality rate was observed in symptomatic and asymptomatic pre-frail and frail patients (70.6% and 66.7%, respectively) with greater LUS abnormalities (3rd tertile). In conclusion, LUS identified an acute interstitial lung involvement in most of the older asymptomatic patients. Mortality rate progressively increased according to clinical frailty and LUS score degree, resulting a reliable prognostic tool in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Indoor air quality improvement and purification by atmospheric pressure Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP)
Authors: Asilevi Prince Junior , Boakye Patrick , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Fei-Baffoe Bernard , Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon-thermal plasma (NTP) is a promising technology for the improvement of indoor air quality (IAQ) by removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through advanced oxidation process (AOP). In this paper, authors developed a laboratory scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor which generates atmospheric NTP to study the removal of low-concentration formaldehyde (HCHO), a typical indoor air VOC in the built environment associated with cancer and leukemia, under different processing conditions. Strong ionization NTP was generated between the DBD electrodes by a pulse power zero-voltage switching flyback transformer (ZVS-FBT), which caused ionization of air molecules leading to active species formation to convert HCHO into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The impact of key electrical and physical processing parameters i.e. discharge power (P), initial concentration (Cin), flow rate (F), and relative humidity (RH) which affect the formaldehyde removal efficiency (ɳ) were studied to determine optimum conditions. Results show that, the correlation coefficient (R2) of removal efficiency dependence on the processing parameters follow the order R2 (F) = 0.99 > R2 (RH) = 0.96, > R2 (Cin) = 0.94 > R2 (P) = 0.93. The removal efficiency reached 99% under the optimum conditions of P = 0.6 W, Cin = 0.1 ppm, F = 0.2 m3/h, and RH = 65% with no secondary pollution. The study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of DBD plasma for air purification in the built environment.
Cost-effective surveillance of invasive species using info-gap theory
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Penghao , Thomas Melissa L. , Zheng Dan , McKirdy Simon J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvasive species can lead to community-level damage to the invaded ecosystem and extinction of native species. Most surveillance systems for the detection of invasive species are developed based on expert assessment, inherently coming with a level of uncertainty. In this research, info-gap decision theory (IGDT) is applied to model and manage such uncertainty. Surveillance of the Asian House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron, 1836 on Barrow Island, is used as a case study. Our research provides a novel method for applying IGDT to determine the population threshold ($$K$$
K
) so that the decision can be robust to the deep uncertainty present in model parameters. We further robust-optimize surveillance costs rather than minimize surveillance costs. We demonstrate that increasing the population threshold for detection increases both robustness to the errors in the model parameter estimates, and opportuneness to lower surveillance costs than the accepted maximum budget. This paper provides guidance for decision makers to balance robustness and required surveillance expenditure. IGDT offers a novel method to model and manage the uncertainty prevalent in biodiversity conservation practices and modelling. The method outlined here can be used to design robust surveillance systems for invasive species in a wider context, and to better tackle uncertainty in protection of biodiversity and native species in a cost-effective manner.
Biogeochemical feedbacks to ocean acidification in a cohesive photosynthetic sediment
Authors: Vopel Kay , Marshall Alexis , Brandt Shelly , Hartland Adam , Lee Charles K. , Cary S. Craig , Pilditch Conrad A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcosystem feedbacks in response to ocean acidification can amplify or diminish diel pH oscillations in productive coastal waters. Benthic microalgae generate such oscillations in sediment porewater and here we ask how CO2 enrichment (acidification) of the overlying seawater alters these in the absence and presence of biogenic calcite. We placed a 1-mm layer of ground oyster shells, mimicking the arrival of dead calcifying biota (+Calcite), or sand (Control) onto intact silt sediment cores, and then gradually increased the pCO2 in the seawater above half of +Calcite and Control cores from 472 to 1216 μatm (pH 8.0 to 7.6, CO2:HCO3− from 4.8 to 9.6 × 10−4). Porewater [O2] and [H+] microprofiles measured 16 d later showed that this enrichment had decreased the O2 penetration depth (O2-pd) in +Calcite and Control, indicating a metabolic response. In CO2-enriched seawater: (1) sediment biogeochemical processes respectively added and removed more H+ to and from the sediment porewater in darkness and light, than in ambient seawater increasing the amplitude of the diel porewater [H+] oscillations, and (2) in darkness, calcite dissolution in +Calcite sediment decreased the porewater [H+] below that in overlying seawater, reversing the sediment–seawater H+ flux and decreasing the amplitude of diel [H+] oscillations. This dissolution did not, however, counter the negative effect of CO2 enrichment on O2-pd. We now hypothesise that feedback to CO2 enrichment—an increase in the microbial reoxidation of reduced solutes with O2—decreased the sediment O2-pd and contributed to the enhanced porewater acidification.
Graphene perfect absorber with loss adaptive Q-factor control function enabled by quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Song Joohyung , Kim Sangin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNumerous device structures have been proposed for perfect absorption in monolayer graphene under single-sided illumination, all of which requires the critical coupling condition, i.e., the balance between the loss of graphene and the leakage rate of the device. However, due to the difficulty of the precise control of the quality of synthesized graphene and unwanted doping in graphene transferred to the substrate, the loss of graphene is rather unpredictable, so that the perfect absorption is quite difficult to achieve in practice. To solve this problem, we designed a novel perfect absorber structure with a loss adaptive leakage rate control function enabled by the quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) and numerically demonstrated its performance. Our designed device is based on a slab-waveguide grating supporting both the quasi-BIC and the guided-mode resonance (GMR); the quasi-BIC with an adjustable leakage rate controlled by an incident angle is responsible for absorption, while the GMR works as an internal mirror. Since the proposed device scheme can have an arbitrarily small leakage rate, it can be used to implement a perfect absorber for any kind of ultrathin absorbing media. Due to the simple structure avoiding an external reflector, the device is easy to fabricate.
Multipole resonance and Vernier effect in compact and flexible plasmonic structures
Authors: Lim Yeonsoo , An Soo-Chan , Jeong Hoon Yeub , Nguyen Thi Hai-Yen , Byun Gangil , Jun Young Chul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpoof surface plasmons in corrugated metal surfaces allow tight field confinement and guiding even at low frequencies and are promising for compact microwave photonic devices. Here, we use metal-ink printing on flexible substrates to construct compact spoof plasmon resonators. We clearly observe multipole resonances in the microwave frequencies and demonstrate that they are still maintained even under significant bending. Moreover, by combining two resonators of slightly different sizes, we demonstrate spectral filtering via the Vernier effect. We selectively address a target higher-order resonance while suppressing the other modes. Finally, we investigate the index-sensing capability of printed plasmonic resonators. In the Vernier structure, we can control the resonance amplitude and frequency by adjusting a resonance overlap between two coupled resonators. The transmission amplitude can be maximized at a target refractive index, and this can provide more functionalities and increased design flexibility. The metal-ink printing of microwave photonic structures can be applied to various flexible devices. Therefore, we expect that the compact, flexible plasmonic structures demonstrated in this study may be useful for highly functional elements that can enable tight field confinement and manipulation.
Social context facilitates visuomotor synchrony and bonding in children and adults
Authors: Howard Ellen M. , Ropar Danielle , Newport Roger , Tunçgenç Bahar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterpersonal synchrony is a fundamental part of human social interaction, with known effects on facilitating social bonding. Moving in time with another person facilitates prosocial behaviour, however, it is unknown if the degree of synchronisation predicts the degree of social bonding. Similarly, while people readily fall in synchrony even without being instructed to do so, we do not know whether such spontaneous synchronisation elicits similar prosocial effects as instructed synchronisation. Across two studies, we investigated how context (social vs non-social stimulus) and instruction (instructed vs uninstructed) influenced synchronisation accuracy and bonding with the interaction partner in adults and children. The results revealed improved visuomotor synchrony within a social, compared to non-social, context in adults and children. Children, but not adults, synchronised more accurately when instructed to synchronise than when uninstructed. For both children and adults, synchronisation in a social context elicited stronger social bonding towards an interaction partner as compared to synchronisation in a non-social context. Finally, children’s, but not adults’, degree of synchrony with the partner was significantly associated with their feelings of social closeness. These findings illuminate the interaction of sensorimotor coupling and joint action in social contexts and how these mechanisms facilitate synchronisation ability and social bonding.
An evolutionary functional genomics approach identifies novel candidate regions involved in isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Furió Victoria , Moreno-Molina Miguel , Chiner-Oms Álvaro , Villamayor Luis M. , Torres-Puente Manuela , Comas Iñaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfforts to eradicate tuberculosis are hampered by the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance. Several large-scale projects have aimed to specifically link clinical mutations to resistance phenotypes, but they were limited in both their explanatory and predictive powers. Here, we combine functional genomics and phylogenetic associations using clinical strain genomes to decipher the architecture of isoniazid resistance and search for new resistance determinants. This approach has allowed us to confirm the main target route of the antibiotic, determine the clinical relevance of redox metabolism as an isoniazid resistance mechanism and identify novel candidate genes harboring resistance mutations in strains with previously unexplained isoniazid resistance. This approach can be useful for characterizing how the tuberculosis bacilli acquire resistance to new antibiotics and how to forestall them.
CdSe:In Mid-infrared transparent conductive films prospering uncooled PbSe/CdSe heterojunction photovoltaic detectors
Authors: Qiu Jijun , Liu Yun , Cai Zhihua , Phan Quang , Shi Zhisheng 
Published: November 2021

Being a promising candidate infrared transparent and conductive coatings in the 1–12 μm, the practicality of CdSe:In was verified by building uncooled PbSe/CdSe photovoltaic detectors with 1.0 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under blackbody radiation.
Teachers’ Use of Scaffolds Within Conversations During Shared Book Reading
Authors: Deshmukh Richa S. , Pentimonti Jill M. , Zucker Tricia A. , Curry Bridget 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
We studied conversations initiated through teacher questions during shared book reading in prekindergarten and kindergarten classrooms as these conversations provide opportunities for the teacher to scaffold emerging language skills. This study provides detailed analysis of scaffolding strategies used by teachers after children answered teachers' questions.

Method:
Participants included 93 prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers who read aloud a standard narrative text to their class of students. All the sessions were video-recorded, transcribed, and then coded for conversational turns and teacher scaffolding strategies.

Results:
Descriptive findings showed great variability in the length of conversations and the extent to which teachers used scaffolding strategies. Most teacher scaffolds matched children's accuracy of response such that they provided support after incorrect responses and provided additional challenge after correct responses. Significant sequential associations were observed between the level of children's response and multiple types of scaffolds (e.g., corrective feedback scaffold after incorrect response; discussing factual questions after a correct response).

Conclusions:

Findings indicate that during shared reading, teachers are responsive to children's answers and are able to provide challenge or support as needed. However, teachers infrequently used scaffolding strategies like
causal effects, predictions,
and
recasts
. Given evidence that strategies such as recasts support early language skills, professional development experiences could encourage early childhood teachers to incorporate this and other key scaffolding strategies.
Cleft palate in Pierre Robin sequence
Authors: Oubejja Houda , Menbahi Imane , Elhasnaoui Chadi , Qurouach Souha , Benomar Ismail , Fouad Ettayebi Fouad 
Published: November 2021

Pierre Robin’s sequence PRS is a congenital malformative sequence with a retrognathism, a glossoptosis and an upper respiratory obstruction with an associated cleft palate. This malformative association can be disabling for both the child and his parents, because of its aesthetic, functional, psychological and social impacts. Patients and methods: We have investigated 14 patients with PRS presenting cleft palates, collected over a period of 5 years, from March 2014 to November 2019 in the pediatric surgical emergencies department (PSE) in Rabat Children’s Hospital (HER). Results: Nine of the 14 patients had a complete cleft palate. The average age of intervention was 23 months ranging from 13 months to 4 years. The study showed a slight female predominance (n = 8, 57%). Regarding the treatment, 3 patients were treated with the Bardach’s technique, 3 had the Von Langenbeck’s technique, 3 had the Push-back technique and one patient who suffered from a post-operative persisting velar division was treated by veloplasty 3rd generation. The hospital stay was around 24 hours and the post-operative follow-up was uncomplicated for all our patients.
Conclusion: Although we had a relatively high success with our approach, the complexity and lack of consensus regarding the management of Pierre Robin’s sequence still requires the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The main aim is to give the best aesthetical and functional results in order to reduce the suffering of the PRS children and families.