bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How consistently does sleep quality improve at retirement? Prospective analyses with group‐based trajectory models
Authors: Peristera Paraskevi , Nyberg Anna , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Westerlund Hugo , Platts Loretta G. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryGrowing evidence indicates that retiring from paid work is associated, at least in the short‐term, with dramatic reductions in sleep difficulties and more restorative sleep. However, much is still not known, in particular how universal these improvements are, how long they last, and whether they relate to the work environment. A methodological challenge concerns how to model time when studying abrupt changes such as retirement. Using data from Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (n = 2,148), we studied difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, premature awakening, restless sleep, a composite scale of these items, and non‐restorative sleep. We compared polynomial and B‐spline functions to model time in group‐based trajectory modelling. We estimated variations in the individual development of sleep difficulties around retirement, relating these to the pre‐retirement work environment. Reductions in sleep difficulties at retirement were sudden for all outcomes and were sustained for up to 11 years for non‐restorative sleep, premature awakening, and restless sleep. Average patterns masked distinct patterns of change: groups of retirees experiencing greatest pre‐retirement sleep difficulties benefitted most from retiring. Higher job demands, lower work time control, lower job control, and working full‐time were work factors that accounted membership in these groups. Compared to polynomials, B‐spline models more appropriately estimated time around retirement, providing trajectories that were closer to the observed shapes. The study highlights the need to exercise care in modelling time over a sudden transition because using polynomials can generate artefactual uplifts or omit abrupt changes entirely, findings that would have fallacious implications.
Implantable vagus nerve stimulator settings and short‐term adverse effects in epileptic dogs
Authors: Harcourt‐Brown Thomas R. , Carter Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplantable vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) devices can be used to treat epilepsy in dogs. Adverse effects and short‐term complications associated with delivering suggested therapeutic electrical stimulation (>1.5 mA) are not well‐described.ObjectivesTo compare complications and adverse effects observed with standard and rapid protocols of current increase.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.MethodsNonrandomized, nonblinded prospective cohort study. Surgical complications, stimulation‐related adverse effects, modifications to stimulator settings, number of hospital visits, and time to reach 1.5 mA stimulation current without intolerable adverse effects were described in dogs receiving current increases every 1 to 3 weeks (slow ramping) and dogs receiving current increases every 8 to 12 hours (fast ramping).ResultsSelf‐resolving surgery site seromas formed in 6 dogs. No other surgical complications were observed. Fourteen dogs reached 1.5 mA. Coughing (11/14 dogs; 5 slow, 6 fast ramping) was the most common adverse effect. Intolerable coughing that limited current increases despite changing other stimulus parameters occurred in 6/7 of the fast‐ramping group and in none of the slow‐ramping group. Median time to 1.5 mA was 72 days (range, 28‐98) in the slow‐ramping group and 77 days (range, 3‐152) in the fast‐ramping group. Median number of clinic visits was 6 for the slow‐ramping group (range, 5‐6) and 3 for the fast‐ramping group (range, 1‐7).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCoughing is a common adverse effect of VNS in dogs and generally is well tolerated, particularly if current is increased slowly and other stimulation parameters are adapted for effect.
Protecting expressions of Naga folklore through sui generis model
Authors: Varah Franky , Pamreishang Chodang , Khamrang Sophayo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, the protection of expressions of folklore has been a concern in developing countries. In India, efforts have been made to protect expressions of folklore which usually involve Intellectual Property (IP) laws. However, the protection provided by IP laws may be inadequate for Naga communities. The paper attempts to analyse the limitations of IP laws of patents, copyrights, trademarks and GeographicalIndications (GI) for the protection of expression of Naga folklore. The finding shows that current IP laws in India do not fully protect the Naga folklore. This paper suggests that expressions of folklore need to look at alternative regimes. The paper further discusses the need for a sui generis legislation of an IP nature by presenting the example of sui generis legislation. As an overall outcome, it is concluded that a sui generis legislation of an IP nature would be able to protect the expression of Naga folklore.
The Challenges of Identifying Juvenile Soldiers in the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Benito Sánchez María , Mezquida Fenández Miguel , Iglesias‐Bexiga Javier , Calpe Vicente Alejandro , Martínez Vallejo Azahara , Fortuna Murillo María 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvery conflict referred to as a war results in the horror of loss and death. This is true of any war, and the Spanish Civil War is a good example. Many people disappeared and were never found again, mainly because nobody ever looked for them. There were several counteroffensives on the eastern war front in Spain's Levante region during 1938, which, although ending in Pyrrhic victories for the Republican Army, were forgotten for years, as were the bodies of the soldiers abandoned to the elements on the battlefields. In 2014, this research project was developed to locate, exhume, and identify four graves containing the bodies of Republican soldiers found at the site of Peña Salada, Spain. The graves were found to contain five individuals, including some considered to be juvenile soldiers, aged between 14 and 20. They displayed many signs of violence, and it was possible to infer differences in injuries from bladed weapons and firearms. There was also evidence of the pillaging and desecration of the burial site. The genetic profiles of the five individuals were obtained in order to create a DNA database, which would make it possible to compare their profiles with those of potential family members who still live with the uncertainty of not knowing the whereabouts of their loved ones. This study offers the first scientific evidence of the participation of juvenile soldiers on the Levante Front, within the context of the Spanish Civil War.
Facilitators and barriers of children's participation in nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Clayton Priscilla , Connelly Jeneene , Ellington Malik , Rojas Vicky , Lorenzo Yaisli , Trak‐Fellermeier María Angélica , Palacios Cristina 
Published: September 2021

SummaryRecruitment of children into clinical trials is challenging. Most systematic reviews exploring facilitators and barriers of child recruitment in clinical trials are related to drugs or experimental treatments for various health conditions. This may differ in nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of facilitators and barriers for children's participation in nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions from the perspective of parents, children, and researchers. Studies were identified from five databases and restricted to children 2–18 years and the English language. Studies without results on facilitators and barriers of recruitment were excluded. Four hundred twenty‐three records were identified; 94 duplicates and 269 unrelated records were initially excluded; 60 records were reviewed for full‐text, and subsequently 34 were excluded, for a total of 26 included studies. The top barriers for recruiting children into clinical trials were time constraints, understanding of clinical trial information or complexity of consent/trial info, and transportation/lack of childcare. The most common facilitators were benefits to others and self, compensation/incentives, physician recommendations/referrals, and support. These barriers and facilitators should be addressed in future studies to assist in the successful recruitment of children into nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions.
Movement disorders in patients with Rett syndrome: A systematic review of evidence and associated clinical considerations
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Lanzarini Evamaria , Nardocci Nardo , Santosh Paramala 
Published: September 2021

AimThis systematic review identified and thematically appraised clinical evidence of movement disorders in patients with Rett syndrome (RTT).MethodUsing PRISMA criteria, six electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2021. A thematic analysis was then undertaken on the extracted data to identify potential themes.ResultsFollowing the thematic analysis, six themes emerged: (i) clinical features of abnormal movement behaviors; (ii) mutational profile and its impact on movement disorders; (iii) symptoms and stressors that impact on movement disorders; (iv) possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms; (v) quality of life and movement disorders; and (vi) treatment of movement disorders. Current guidelines for managing movement disorders in general were then reviewed to provide possible treatment recommendations for RTT.ConclusionOur study offers an enriched data set for clinical investigations and treatment of fine and gross motor issues in RTT. A detailed understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships of movement disorders allows for more robust genetic counseling for families but can also assist healthcare professionals in terms of monitoring disease progression in RTT. The synthesis also showed that environmental enrichment would be beneficial for improving some aspects of movement disorders. The cerebellum, basal ganglia, alongside dysregulation of the cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical loop, are likely anatomical targets. A review of treatments for movement disorders also helped to provide recommendations for treating and managing movement disorders in patients with RTT.
Asking how to fish vs. asking for fish: Antecedents and outcomes of different types of help‐seeking at work
Authors: Liu Yihao , Chen Fan Xuan , Chiang Jack Ting‐Ju , Wang Zheng , Liu Haiyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the modern workplace, it is virtually impossible to succeed without seeking any help from others. Despite its widely recognized importance, several areas surrounding help‐seeking have not yet been clearly understood in the organization literature. Specifically, it is unclear whether seeking help always benefits employees in need, and how various work demands drive help‐seeking behavior in different ways. In this research, we drew from the dual‐type view of help‐seeking (i.e., autonomous and dependent help‐seeking) and the challenge‐hindrance stressors framework to elaborate how seeking help of different types influences employees’ work competence‐related outcomes in various directions, what work demands drive employees to seek different types of help, and when encountering work demands is particularly influential on their help‐seeking tendencies. Evidence from a field study (Study 1) showed that while challenge stressors increased employees’ autonomous help‐seeking, hindrance stressors increased dependent help‐seeking especially for employees with greater workflow centrality. Moreover, autonomous help‐seeking benefited help‐seekers’ job performance ratings through increased self‐perceived competence, whereas dependent help‐seeking hurt their job performance via decreased perceived competence by coworkers. To cross‐validate our findings, we then examined and replicated our core findings with three experimental vignette studies (Studies 2, 3a, and 3b). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Combining photogrammetric and bathymetric data to build a 3D model of a canal tunnel
Authors: Moisan Emmanuel , Heinkelé Christophe , Foucher Philippe , Charbonnier Pierre , Grussenmeyer Pierre , Guillemin Samuel , Koehl Mathieu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces an original method for modelling in 3D the full tube (both vault and canal) of navigable tunnels using data acquired dynamically from a boat. The recording system is composed of cameras that provide images of the vault and a multibeam echo sounder that acquires 3D profiles underwater. Reconstructing partially submerged structures, in a confined environment where no global positioning system signal is available, is challenging. The method exploits the capabilities of photogrammetry, not only to reconstruct the tunnel vault, but also to estimate the trajectory of the vessel, which is necessary to rearrange sonar profiles and form the 3D model of the canal. The comparison of a model reconstructed from in situ dynamic acquisitions with a reference one, obtained from static laser and sonar acquisitions, shows that the accuracy is of the order of a centimetre for the vault, while it is decimetric for underwater features.
Time trends, geographic variation and risk factors for gastroschisis in Canada: A population‐based cohort study 2006–2017
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Evans Jane , Boutin Amélie , Luo Wei , Gheorghe Mihaela , Auger Nathalie , Arbour Laura , Moore Aideen , Joseph K. S. , Little Julian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies showed increases in rates of gastroschisis in Canada in the first decade of the 21st century.ObjectiveWe sought to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of gastroschisis in Canada in recent years.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population‐based cohort study of all livebirths and stillbirths delivered in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2006 to 2017, with information obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Gastroschisis rates by maternal age, region of residence, and maternal and infant characteristics were quantified using prevalence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Log‐binomial regression was used to quantify the associations between risk factors and gastroschisis.ResultsThere were 1314 gastroschisis cases among 3 364 116 births. The prevalence rate was 3.7 per 10 000 total births in 2006 and 3.4 per 10 000 total births in 2017, with substantial annual variation in rates. The proportion of mothers aged 20–24 years decreased from 16.5% in 2006 to 11.3% in 2017, while the proportion of mothers aged <20 years halved from 4.8% to 2.3%. The prevalence of gastroschisis at birth remained unchanged among mothers aged <20, 20–24 and 30–49 years but increased among mothers aged 25–29 years. The age‐adjusted prevalence rate of gastroschisis increased across the period (for 2016–2017 versus 2006–2007 rate ratio [RR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.56), and there was substantial regional variation. Risk factors included problematic use of substances (RR 2.61, 95% CI 2.01, 3.39) and hypothyroidism (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.56, 4.88). There was a North‐to‐South difference in gastroschisis prevalence (adjusted RR Far North compared with South 1.54, 95% CI 1.11, 2.15).ConclusionGastroschisis birth prevalence rates in Canada have stabilised in recent years compared with the increase documented previously. The substantial geographic variation and North‐to‐South difference in gastroschisis prevalence may indicate variation in socio‐economic status, lifestyle and nutritional patterns.
Partially Pooled Propensity Score Models for Average Treatment Effect Estimation with Multilevel Data
Authors: Lee Youjin , Nguyen Trang Q. , Stuart Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Causal inference analyses often use existing observational data, which in many cases has some clustering of individuals. In this paper, we discuss propensity score weighting methods in a multilevel setting where within clusters individuals share unmeasured confounders that are related to treatment assignment and the potential outcomes. We focus in particular on settings where models with fixed cluster effects are either not feasible or not useful due to the presence of a large number of small clusters. We found, both through numerical experiments and theoretical derivations, that a strategy of grouping clusters with similar treatment prevalence and estimating propensity scores within such cluster groups is effective in reducing bias from unmeasured cluster-level covariates under mild conditions on the outcome model. We apply our proposed method in evaluating the effectiveness of centre-based pre-school programme participation on children’s achievement at kindergarten, using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten data.
Measuring Family Planning Provider Bias: A Discrete Choice Experiment among Burkinabé, Pakistani, and Tanzanian Providers
Authors: Dieci Maria , Wagner Zachary , Friedman Willa , Burgess Sarah , Vandermark Jessica , McCoy Sandra I. , Shah Manisha , Dow William H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe unmet need for modern contraception remains high around the world, particularly for youth. While some of this unmet need is driven by limited health infrastructure and method mix availability, many adolescents who visit family planning providers still do not receive methods that fit their needs. This suggests that providers may be biased against youth and that interventions to change provider behavior could help close this gap. However, it is unclear if this bias is a result of age or other characteristics common among young women such as not being married and not having children. We use a discrete choice experiment in Burkina Faso, Pakistan, and Tanzania to disentangle the effects of age on providers’ decisions to provide contraception from the effects of other potential confounding factors. We find that, although young women may experience the most bias, age is not the main driver. Rather, marital status and parity seem to influence provider decisions to offer services or counsel on modern methods. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce provider bias should focus on changing behavior towards unmarried and nulliparous women, regardless of their age.
Young voters and political participation in Indonesia: Revisiting a marriage gap
Authors: Halimatusa'diyah Iim , Prihatini Ella 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis article responds to an understudied question on how does marital status make a difference in terms of voter turnout among young people in the Muslim world.MethodsThe article draws on the 2010 Muslim Youth Survey and focus on 1127 respondents aged between 15 and 25 in Indonesia. Using binominal logistic regression analysis, it seeks to examine how marital status affects Indonesian young people’s voting behaviour in three types of elections held in 2009: legislative, presidential, and regional.ResultsThe finding confirms that married young individuals are more likely to vote than those who are not married. However, the marriage gap only exists in the legislative and presidential elections as the impact of marital status diminishes in regional elections.ConclusionThis paper contributes to the literature by examining how the marriage gap in politics does not only occur in post‐industrialized and developed countries. Also, regional election systematically prevents young voters to participate as the ballot sheets are only available in respective jurisdiction.
Use of an in‐house trypsin‐based method to resolve the interference of daratumumab
Authors: Ibeh Nnaemeka , Baine Ian , Rudon Louella Fuentes , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Jhang Jeffrey S. , Galdon Patricia , Westhoff Connie M. , Velliquette Randall W. , Arinsburg Suzanne A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDaratumumab (DARA) is a monoclonal antibody for treatment of plasma cell myeloma targeting CD38, a surface molecule expressed on plasma cells and red blood cells (RBCs). This complicates blood bank testing, requiring dithiothreitol (DTT) to remove DARA interference. A simple in‐house method of removing DARA interference without use of DTT, a potentially hazardous chemical, is desirable. We demonstrate a trypsin‐based method to remove interference in antibody testing at a medical center (MC), with parallel testing at an immunohematology reference laboratory (IRL).Study design and methodsPre‐DARA type and screen (T&S) samples were obtained from 61 patients for antibody testing and RBC phenotyping using untreated reagent RBCs. Subsequent post‐DARA T&S testing was performed with untreated reagent RBCs to demonstrate interference and repeated after trypsin treatment. Positive trypsin‐treated antibody screens were reflexed to antibody identification using trypsin‐treated panel cells. Parallel testing was performed on the same post‐DARA samples at IRL.ResultsDARA interference was detected in 61/61 (100%) samples by MC and IRL. After trypsin treatment, DARA interference was eliminated in 60/61 (98.4%) antibody screens by both institutions with an overall percent agreement of 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.7%–99.6%). Identification of known alloantibodies was confirmed in 3/3 patients with 100% concordant results between MC and IRL. There were no false‐negative results demonstrated by IRL's functionally CD38‐negative controls.ConclusionOur in‐house trypsin‐based method enables pretransfusion testing of patients receiving DARA in an accurate and cost‐effective manner without missing clinically significant alloantibodies. This presents an additional testing option where DTT use is undesirable.
Surgical treatment of pressure injuries in children: A multicentre experience
Authors: Pignatti Marco , D'Arpa Salvatore , Roche Nathalie , Giorgini Federico A. , Lusetti Irene Laura , Lorca‐Garcia Concepcion , De Santis Giorgio , Berenguer Beatriz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPressure injuries (PI) are infrequent in paediatric patients, prevalence estimates ranging from 1.4% to 8.2%, and reaching values as high as 43.1% in critical care areas. They can be associated with congenital neurological or metabolic disorders that cause reduced mobility or require the need for medical devices. In children, most pressure injuries heal spontaneously. However, a small percentage of ulcers that is refractory to conservative management or is too severe at presentation (Stage 3 or 4) will be candidates for surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical history of paediatric patients affected by pressure injuries from four European Plastic Surgery Centres. Information was collected from clinical and radiology records, and laboratory reports. An accurate search of the literature revealed only two articles reporting on the surgical treatment of pressure injuries in children. After debridement, we performed surgical coverage of the pressure injuries. We report here our experience with 18 children aged 1–17 years, affected by pressure injury Stages 3 and 4. They were successfully treated with pedicled (17 patients) or free flaps (1 patient). The injuries involved the sacrum (6/18 patients), lower limb (3/18 patients), thoracic spine (2/18 patients), ischium (3/18 patients, bilateral in one patient), temporal area (3/18 patients), hypogastrium (1/18 patients) and were associated to medical devices in three cases. Flaps were followed for a minimum of 19 months and up to 13 years. Only two patients developed true recurrences that were treated again surgically. Pressure injuries are infrequent in children and rarely need surgical treatment. Pedicled flaps have a high success rate. Recurrences, contrary to what is reported in the literature, were rare.