bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid-enriched Phosphatidylcholine and its Effect on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression
Authors: Baek Jae Yeul , Na Eun , Lim Sun Young 
Published: January 2021

Aim and Objective:
We synthesized eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine
(EPA-PC) and investigated its effect on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
induced cytokines in murine splenocytes.

Material and Methods:
The culture supernatants of splenocytes, which was exposed to EPA-PC
along with LPS, was harvested to determine the production of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 , IL-5,
IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-2 and IL-12/IL-23(p40)]. Cytokines were measured using enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
The co-administration of EPA-PC with LPS resulted in a significantly lower IFN-γ
expression than that observed with LPS alone (p < 0.01). Moreover, treatment with EPA-PC and
LPS significantly decreased IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12/IL-23(p40) expression (p < 0.01). Coadministration
of EPA-PC at a concentration of 0.3 μg/mL with LPS resulted in a higher IL-5
expression after 24 hr of treatment when compared to LPS alone (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that EPA-PC is more effective in decreasing the expression of
pro-inflammatory cytokines [IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-12/IL-23(p40)] upon induction of
inflammation.
The Function of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 3 in the Transport of Bile Acids under Normal Physiological and Lithocholic Acid-induced Cholestasis Conditions
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Zeng Sijing , Hu Ming , Liu Zhongqiu , Gong Lingzhi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) in the transport of bile
acid (BA) in drug-induced cholestasis has not been well studied.

Objective:
In this study, wild type and Mrp3 knockout (Mrp3-/-) mice under normal physiological and lithocholic
acid (LCA)-induced cholestatic conditions were employed to investigate the role of Mrp3 in BA transport.

Method:
The levels of BA in serum, liver, gallbladder, intestine, kidney, feces and urine were quantified in both
wild type and Mrp3-/- mice via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
(UHPLC-MS/MS). Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression of
genes related to the transport and synthesis of BA.

Results:
The results showed that the liver did not suffer more serious damage as a result of cholestasis when
Mrp3 was depleted. The level of some individual bile acids changed apparently in the compartments of enterohepatic
circulation (EHC) between the two control and model groups, respectively, but the level of serum total
bile acid was only slightly reduced for Mrp3-/- groups. In addition, the level of BA-related efflux transporters
and synthases increased significantly when Mrp3 was knocked out under normal physiological conditions, but a
negligible alteration appeared under cholestatic conditions.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that Mrp3 could be responsible for the transport of some specific bile acids,
and part of the Mrp3 role could be compensated for by other transporters. Moreover, Mrp3 deficiency has a direct
effect on the expression of BA-related synthases and efflux transporters under normal physiological conditions,
but this effect could be less prominent under cholestatic conditions. This study could provide much valuable
insight into the physiological function of Mrp3 in the transport of bile acids.
Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Activities of Oxymatrine Determined by a Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Wang Hai-Qiao , Chen Feng-Hua , Wang Liang , Chi Li-Qun , Wang Guang-Hua 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Oxymatrine is known as one of the most promising alkaloids from
Sophora flavescens for its excellent pharmacological effects.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to assess the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic
activities of oxymatrine and clarify its mechanisms of absorption and metabolism.

Methods:
The biological characteristics of oxymatrine were systematically investigated by
UHPLC-MS/MS. The mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of oxymatrine were further
clarified through incubation in rat liver microsomes and transport across the Caco-2 monolayer
cell absorption model.

Results:
It was found that the absolute oral bioavailability of oxymatrine was 26.43%, and the
pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2 were 605.5 ng/mL, 0.75 h, and 4.181 h after oral
administration, indicating that oxymatrine can be absorbed quickly. The tissue distribution tests
showed that oxymatrine distributed throughout all the organs, with the small intestine
accumulating the highest level, followed by the kidney, stomach, and spleen. The Papp in Caco-2
cell line absorption model was over 1 × 10-5 and PDR 1.064, and t1/2 of oxymatrine in rat liver
microsome in vitro was 1.042 h, indicating that oxymatrine can be absorbed easily through
passive diffusion and CYP450 enzymes could be involved in its metabolism. The plasma protein
binding rate of oxymatrine was 2.78 ± 0.85%.

Conclusion:
Oxymatrine can be absorbed into blood easily through passive diffusion, mainly
distributed in the intestine, stomach, liver, and spleen in vivo, and CYP450 enzymes in the liver
could be involved in its metabolism.
Free Open Source Software for Protein and Peptide Mass Spectrometry- based Science
Authors: Rusconi Filippo 
Published: January 2021

:
In the field of biology, and specifically in protein and peptide science, the power of
mass spectrometry is that it is applicable to a vast spectrum of applications. Mass spectrometry can
be applied to identify proteins and peptides in complex mixtures, to identify and locate post-translational
modifications, to characterize the structure of proteins and peptides to the most detailed level
or to detect protein-ligand non-covalent interactions. Thanks to the Free and Open Source Software
(FOSS) movement, scientists have limitless opportunities to deepen their skills in software development
to code software that solves mass spectrometric data analysis problems. After the conversion
of raw data files into open standard format files, the entire spectrum of data analysis tasks can now
be performed integrally on FOSS platforms, like GNU/Linux, and only with FOSS solutions. This
review presents a brief history of mass spectrometry open file formats and goes on with the description
of FOSS projects that are commonly used in protein and peptide mass spectrometry fields of
endeavor: identification projects that involve mostly automated pipelines, like proteomics and peptidomics,
and bio-structural characterization projects that most often involve manual scrutiny of the
mass data. Projects of the last kind usually involve software that allows the user to delve into the
mass data in an interactive graphics-oriented manner. Software projects are thus categorized on the
basis of these criteria: software libraries for software developers vs desktop-based graphical user interface,
software for the end-user and automated pipeline-based data processing vs interactive
graphics-based mass data scrutiny.
Recent Advances in Psoriasis Therapy: Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Singh Atul , Easwari T.S. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Psoriasis is a challenging skin disorder due to its chronicity, high rate of
prevalence, disability, comorbidity and disfiguration. It is a multi-system disorder that includes
joints and metabolic syndromes. Psoriasis is a condition of pathologic interaction among immune
cells, biological signaling molecules and skin cells. Several contributing factors are responsible for
the exacerbation and onset of psoriasis, i.e. genetic factors and environmental factors such as medications,
infectious diseases and lifestyle.

Objectives:
To study the new insights in the treatment of psoriasis and future prospects.

Methods:
This review article gives an insight on the current concepts of psoriasis and deals with
discussing the initiation and development of the diseases. We described the pathogenetic pathway
for psoriasis. The article focuses on the treatment approaches for psoriasis that have arisen from the
dissection of the inflammatory psoriatic pathways.

Results:
We aimed to highlight the novel therapies and drugs used in the treatment of psoriasis, including
food and drug administration (FDA) approved drugs and drugs under clinical trials. The
treatment can be initiated for mild to the moderate diseased condition employing vitamin D3 analogues,
corticosteroids and a combination of products as first-line therapy.

Conclusion:
Psoriasis can be managed by a proper understanding of the immune function. We
have also discussed medicinal herbs used for psoriasis based on their ethnopharmacological knowledge
and reported work of researchers.
Dual Aromatase-Sulphatase Inhibitors (DASIs) for the Treatment of
Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer
Authors: Banjare Laxmi , Jain Akhlesh Kumar , Thareja Suresh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most frequent diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common form of cancer, causing death after lung cancer, all across the globe at an alarming rate. The level of estrogens, in breast cancer tissues of postmenopausal women is 10-40 folds higher than the non-carcinogenic breast tissues. As a result of this greater level of estrogen, breast tissue becomes more prone to develop breast cancer; mainly estradiol plays a significant role in the initiation and development of hormone dependent breast cancer. Androstenedione, Adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estrone-sulfate also plays an important role of precursor for estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogens deprivation exhibits an attractive phenomena in the advancement of most ideal therapeutics for the treatment of breast cancer. Inhibition of aromatase and sulphatase emerged as attractive therapy for the treatment of hormone dependent breast cancer via deprivation of estrogen by different pathways. The cocktail of aromatase and sulphatase inhibitors known as dual aromatase-sulphatase inhibitors (DASIs) emerged as an attractive approach for the effective estrogen deprivation. The present review article focused on the journey of dual aromatase-sulphatase inhibitors from the beginning to till date (2020). Keeping in view the key observations, this review may be helpful for medicinal chemists to design and develop new and efficient dual aromatase-sulphatase inhibitors for the possible treatment of hormone-related breast cancer.
Role of DACH1 on Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Yu Junjie , Jiang Ping , Zhao Ke , Chen Zhiguo , Zuo Tao , Chen Baojun 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate DACH1 protein expression in lung cancer tissue
and matched paracancerous tissue and explore its effect on proliferation, invasion, and
apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (HLACs).

Methods:
Tumor tissue and matched paracancerous tissue were collected from 46
patients with pathologically diagnosed lung cancer. RT-PCR was performed to detect
DACH1 mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry to measured DACH1 protein
expression. To determine the effect of DACH1 on lung cancer behavior, small interfering
RNA (siRNA) was used to silence DACH1 expression in A549 cells. The impact on the
proliferation of tumor cells was then observed by MTT assay, changes in the invasion of
tumor cells were identified using transwell chamber assay, and the effects on apoptosis
in the cell line were detected using flow cytometry.

Results:
The expression of DACH1 mRNA and DACH1 protein was significantly
decreased in lung cancer tissue versus matched paracancerous control tissue. The
silencing of DACH1 expression in A549 cells significantly enhanced cell proliferation,
significantly increased cell invasion, and significantly reduced spontaneous apoptosis.

Conclusion:
DACH1 is downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissue. In vitro
assessment shows that DACH1 functions as a tumor suppressor, suggesting its
potential use as a new target for lung cancer treatment.
Challenges of Delirium Management in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice
Authors: Roberson Shawniqua Williams , Patel Mayur B. , Dabrowski Wojciech , Ely E. Wesley , Pakulski Cezary , Kotfis Katarzyna 
Published: January 2021

:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can initiate a very complex disease of the central nervous
system (CNS), starting with the primary pathology of the inciting trauma and subsequent inflammatory
and CNS tissue response. Delirium has long been regarded as an almost inevitable consequence
of moderate to severe TBI, but more recently has been recognized as an organ dysfunction syndrome
with potentially mitigating interventions. The diagnosis of delirium is independently associated with
prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality and worse cognitive outcome across critically ill populations.
Investigation of the unique problems and management challenges of TBI patients is needed
to reduce the burden of delirium in this population.

:
In this narrative review, possible etiologic mechanisms behind post-traumatic delirium are discussed,
including primary injury to structures mediating arousal and attention and secondary injury due to
progressive inflammatory destruction of the brain parenchyma. Other potential etiologic contributors
include dysregulation of neurotransmission due to intravenous sedatives, seizures, organ failure,
sleep cycle disruption or other delirium risk factors. Delirium screening can be accomplished in TBI
patients and the presence of delirium portends worse outcomes.

:
There is evidence that multi-component care bundles including an analgesia-prioritized sedation
algorithm, regular spontaneous awakening and breathing trials, protocolized delirium assessment,
early mobility and family engagement can reduce the burden of ICU delirium. The aim of this review
is to summarize the approach to delirium in TBI patients with an emphasis on pathogenesis and management.
Emerging CNS-active drug therapies that show promise in preclinical studies are highlighted.
Resveratrol Promotes HIV-1 Tat Accumulation via AKT/FOXO1 Signaling Axis and Potentiates Vorinostat to Antagonize HIV-1 Latency
Authors: Feng Zeming , Yang Zhengrong , Gao Xiang , Xue Yuhua , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The latent reservoir of HIV-1 is a major barrier to achieving the eradication
of HIV-1/AIDS. One strategy is termed “shock and kill”, which aims to awaken the latent
HIV-1 using latency reversing agents (LRAs) to replicate and produce HIV-1 particles. Subsequently,
the host cells containing HIV-1 can be recognized and eliminated by the immune response and
anti-retroviral therapy. Although many LRAs have been found and tested, their clinical trials were
dissatisfactory.

Objective:
To aim of the study was to investigate how resveratrol reactivates silent HIV-1 transcription
and assess if resveratrol could be a candidate drug for the “shock” phase in “shock and kill”
strategy.

Method:
We used established HIV-1 transcription cell models (HeLa-based NH1 and NH2 cells)
and HIV-1 latent cell models (J-Lat A72 and Jurkat 2D10 cells). We performed resveratrol treatment
on these cell lines and studied the mechanism of how resveratrol stimulates HIV-1 gene transcription.
We also tested resveratrol’s bioactivity on primary cells isolated from HIV-1 latent infected
patients.

Results:
Resveratrol promoted HIV-1 Tat protein levels, and resveratrol-induced Tat promotion
was found to be dependent on the AKT/FOXO1 signaling axis. Resveratrol could partially dissociate
P-TEFb (Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b) from 7SK snRNP (7SK small nuclear Ribonucleoprotein)
and promote Tat-SEC (Super Elongation Complex) interaction. Preclinical
studies showed that resveratrol potentiated Vorinostat to awaken HIV-1 latency in HIV-1 latent infected
cells isolated from patients.

Conclusion:
We found a new mechanism of resveratrol stimulating the production of HIV-1.
Resveratrol could be a promising candidate drug to eradicate HIV-1 reservoirs.
Electro-Acupuncture Protects Diabetic Nephropathy-Induced Inflammation Through Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Renal Macrophage
Isolation
Authors: Zhang Jieying , Yang Xiao , Zhang Xinhuan , Lu Dan , Guo Rui 
Published: January 2021

Background:
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in recent years, diabetic nephropathy (DN) has also
become a dangerous disease that greatly endangers human health. The study was designed to determine the mechanism and
effect of Electro-acupuncture (EA) in alleviating DN-induced inflammation.

Methods:
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg, S0130, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for
five consecutive days. After 12 weeks after induction, blood glucose levels were measured (>300 mg/dL).

Results:
The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased in EA-treated DN mice, and EA protected renal injury. EA
could suppress HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. HMGB1 inhibition increased the anti-inflammatory effects of EA on DN
by suppressing NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. The activation of HMGB1 attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of EA on DN
by inducing NLRP3/NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions:
These results suggested that EA protected DN-induced inflammation through suppression of NLRP3
inflammasome.
Thyroid Function and Obesity: From Mechanisms to the Benefits of Levothyroxine in Obese Patients
Authors: De Geronimo Vincenzo , Cannarella Rossella , La Vignera Sandro 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Thyroid disease and obesity are very common clinical conditions in the general population. They
can occur together in the same subject, but their relationship does not seem to be exclusively stochastic.

Aim:
We critically reviewed the evidence of the literature in the attempt to provide explanation for this association, in order
to understand the possible benefits of levothyroxine therapy in euthyroid obese patients.

Results:
A low energy expenditure rate can lead to obesity. Maintaining Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the main cause of
energy expenditure for the body, which is regulated by thermogenesis. Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) play different roles
in the induction of thermogenetic mechanisms: TRα is fundamental to induce thermogenesis, TRβ triggers the expression of
uncoupling protein 1(UCP1). Despite such mechanisms, there is not currently evidence to treat subjects suffering from
obesity with thyroid hormones.

Conclusion:
Replacement therapy should be reserved to patients with obvious signs of subclinical or clinical
hypothyroidism.

Definitions:
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) or basal energy expenditure (BEE): measurement obtained under total inactivity
and controlled research conditions; resting energy expenditure (REE): measurement obtained when an individual is sitting
quietly (is mildly higher than BMR/BEE).
Statistical Study on Relationship between Structural Properties and Mesomorphic Properties of Some Ester Linkage Mesomorphic Compounds
Authors: Travadi Jwalant 
Published: January 2021

:
A statistical study between ‘Mesophase Lower Transition Temperatures’
(MLTTs) and their structural properties is carried out to understand the effect of structural
behaviour on mesomorphic property.

Introduction:
To establish a “Quantitative Structure and Property Relationship (QSPR)
model” a set of randomly selected thirty-nine mesomorphic compounds is constructed. The
backward stepwise regression analysis method is used to find out the good correlation between
the “Mesophase Lower Transition Temperatures (MLTTs)” data set and “physical
descriptors” like AMR, bpol, ASP-0, DELS, SdssC, etc. Physical descriptors are selected
based on their good r2-values and p-values with respective MLTTs. The derived QSPR equation
shows a good correlation between structural properties and mesomorphic properties of
compounds.

Methods:
Validation of the derived QSPR equation is carried out on the test series of eight
compounds. The MLTTs of these compounds are predicted through the statistically derived
QSPR equation and then compared with experimentally measured MLTTs. The average percentage
error observed between predicted MLTTs and experimentally measured MLTTs is
10.95 % for all the thirty-nine compounds of the trial set and 10.64% for 8 compounds of the
test series, respectively.

Result & Discussion:
A low average percentage error suggests a reasonably acceptable
degree of accuracy of the generated QSPR model to predict MLTTs of the compounds having
a similar type of structure. In the present study, not only MLTTs are predicted, but an
effort is also made to predict “Latent Transition Temperatures” (LTTs) of some nonmesomorphic
compounds from the derived QSPR equation.

Conclusion:
This computational study gives an insight into developing new QSPR models
for the different type of liquid crystals homologous series, through which various types of
mesomorphic properties, like mesomorphic thermal stability, mesomorphic upper transition
temperature, mesophase length, phase behaviour, etc. can study and predict.
Planar Microstrip UWB Bandpass Filter with Quad Notched Bands and High Selectivity
Authors: Gao Mingming , Xu Keda , Nan Jingchang , Wang Li 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This study aims at solving the problems of large design size and insufficient
number of the notched band for traditional ultra-wideband (UWB) filters. A planar compact
microstrip UWB bandpass filter (BPF) with quad notched bands and good selectivity is proposed
using a modified multiple-mode resonator (MMR) and defected ground structure (DGS).

Methods:
The MMR consists of a stepped impedance stub above and two pairs of open-circuited
stubs on both sides, which can generate the passband and double notched bands of UWB filter, the
other two notched bands are obtained by DGS.

Results:
The UWB filter with quad notched bands respectively centered at 3.9 GHz, 5.7 GHz,
7.9 GHz, and 9.8 GHz is fabricated and measured.

Conclusion:
The measured results are basically consistent with the simulated results, which proves
the correctness and practicability of the UWB filter.
Exploring Host Community Perception of Panchor Town for Tourist Destination based on Social Exchange Theory
Authors: Saad Mazni , Abdullah Nur Nabilah , Rosman Siti Nur Hidayah 
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the significance of a rural region, the village of Panchor, as a potential nature tourism site located in Johor district of Muar, Malaysia. The study's objectives were (1) evaluating local community funding, and (2) evaluating the participation of local government. Three overlapping topics were explored based on qualitative interpretation of an interview and open-ended answers in the questionnaire: (1) group connection, (2) economic benefits, and (3) environmental attitude. The findings revealed that river-based tourism could improve the socio-economic status and the sustainability of rural areas. It also addressed the consequences and limitations of the study in this report.
Keywords: Community Attachment; Economic Gains; Environmental Attitude; River-based Tourism
eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.191