bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Attitude and Practices Towards the Use of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets Among Pregnant Women in Lukolo Health Center III Jinja District.
Authors:   , MUWOYA ARTHUR 
Published: March 2021

Background: There are an estimated 25 million pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa at risk of malaria, the consequences of which can be serious for both mother and fetus in terms of morbidity and mortality. The Government of Uganda (GOU) through the Ministry of Health (MOH) and implementing partners like the Global Fund and the Roll Back Malaria initiative were compelled to try to maximize the use of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets (ITNs) to mitigate the effects of malaria among vulnerable populations. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used which involved both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and it involved 126 (one hundred twenty-six) respondents using self-administered questionnaires. Data collected was thematically presented and analyzed using descriptive frequencies and percentages using Microsoft excel. Results: This study showed that pregnant mothers' knowledge of the use of insecticide-treated nets was good. However, the respondents' attitude towards the use of Insecticide-treated nets was poor/ negative as up-to 60% of them felt putting on the mosquito net was inconveniencing, 67% didn't think that it was important to sleep under an ITN when one had taken Fansidar at ANC. Also, the practice of pregnant mothers towards the use of ITNs was not good too as only (43%) of the mothers had ITNs. A big number (71%) couldn't afford them, and (10%) believed they didn't need them. Important to note too, most (57%) mothers continued to use ITNS even when they had holes as, (3%) used it for other things like catching white ants. Conclusions and recommendations: The majority of the pregnant mothers' knowledge of the use of insecticide-treated nets was good as mothers could identify that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes. The government, through the Ministry of Health, should intensify the free distribution of nets by conducting frequent mass distribution campaigns in the country.
Factores Asociados a la no adherencia del tratamiento Antirretroviral en Pacientes con VIH en un hospital de Paraguay
Authors: A. Urizar César , Jarolin-Montiel Magali , Ayala-Servin Nicolás , Centurión-Wenninger Claudia , Montiel-Garcete Dora 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) es la base del tratamiento de pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y, hoy en día, la principal preocupación en relación con el control del VIH constituye la adherencia efectiva al tratamiento, para un tratamiento efectivo y una apropiada evaluación de los regímenes terapéuticos para poder realizar medidas correctivas y estratégicas.
Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes infectados con VIH que acuden al Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, septiembre 2016.
Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico, corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se incluyeron 42 pacientes infectados con VIH con tratamiento antirretroviral en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Se utilizó encuesta demográfica y cuestionario SMAQ para evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento, para el análisis se realizó la prueba Odds Ratio (OR) y se consideró una p<0,05 como significativa.
Resultados: Un total de 36 pacientes (86%) no son adherentes a su tratamiento. Se encontró una asociación significativa con presencia de efectos adversos (OR:8,29, IC95%: 1,25-54,71, p=0,044) y el olvido de la toma de la medicación durante el fin de semana (OR: 28,82, IC95%: I,45-556,I, p=0,003).
Conclusión: La tasa de falta de adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral de los pacientes fue alta, y los factores asociados fueron la presencia de efectos adversos y el olvido de la toma de la medicación los fines de semana.
Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble
Authors: Clyne Margot , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Mills Michael J. , Khodri Myriam , Ball William , Bekki Slimane , Dhomse Sandip S. , Lebas Nicolas , Mann Graham , Marshall Lauren , Niemeier Ulrike , Poulain Virginie , Robock Alan , Rozanov Eugene , Schmidt Anja , Stenke Andrea , Sukhodolov Timofei , Timmreck Claudia , Toohey Matthew , Tummon Fiona , Zanchettin Davide , Zhu Yunqian , Toon Owen B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.
Designs and Applications of Circularly Polarized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules
Authors: Frédéric Lucas , Desmarchelier Alaric , Favereau Ludovic , Pieters Grégory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe design of fluorophores merging circularly polarized luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties has recently emerged as a promising direction for the development of efficient CP‐Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (CP‐OLEDs). This progress report gives an overview of the molecular designs explored to obtain CP‐TADF properties, of their performances as chiral emitters in CP‐OLEDs, and discusses future challenges for this burgeoning field of research.
4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials for Textiles: Mechanism, Mathematical Modeling, and Challenges
Authors: Biswas Manik Chandra , Chakraborty Samit , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Mohammed Zaheeruddin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShape memory materials (SMMs) in 3D printing (3DP) technology garnered much attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli, which direct this technology toward an emerging area of research, “4D printing (4DP) technology.” In contrast to classical 3D printed objects, the fourth dimension, time, allows printed objects to undergo significant changes in shape, size, or color when subjected to external stimuli. Highly precise and calibrated 4D materials, which can perform together to achieve robust 4D objects, are in great demand in various fields such as military applications, space suits, robotic systems, apparel, healthcare, sports, etc. This review, for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, focuses on recent advances in SMMs (e.g., polymers, metals, etc.) based wearable smart textiles and fashion goods. This review integrates the basic overview of 3DP technology, fabrication methods, the transition of 3DP to 4DP, the chemistry behind the fundamental working principles of 4D printed objects, materials selection for smart textiles and fashion goods. The central part summarizes the effect of major external stimuli on 4D textile materials followed by the major applications. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed, so that future researchers can continue the progress of this technology.
Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Altinkaya Cesur , Aydin Erkan , Ugur Esma , Isikgor Furkan H. , Subbiah Anand S. , De Bastiani Michele , Liu Jiang , Babayigit Aslihan , Allen Thomas G. , Laquai Frédéric , Yildiz Abdullah , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron‐selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2)/compact TiO2stack has been among the most used ESLs in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. However, this material requires high‐temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low‐temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2as a perovskite‐relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno‐economic analysis of SnO2materials for large‐scale deployment, together with a processing‐toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2materials can be instrumental in successful large‐scale module and perovskite‐based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
A Morphable Ionic Electrode Based on Thermogel for Non‐Invasive Hairy Plant Electrophysiology
Authors: Luo Yifei , Li Wenlong , Lin Qianyu , Zhang Feilong , He Ke , Yang Dapeng , Loh Xian Jun , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlant electrophysiology lays the foundation for smart plant interrogation and intervention. However, plant trichomes with hair‐like morphologies present topographical features that challenge stable and high‐fidelity non‐invasive electrophysiology, due to the inadequate dynamic shape adaptability of conventional electrodes. Here, this issue is overcome using a morphable ionic electrode based on a thermogel, which gradually transforms from a viscous liquid to a viscoelastic gel. This transformation enables the morphable electrode to lock into the abrupt hairy surface irregularities and establish a conformal and adhesive interface. It achieves down to one tenth of the impedance and 4–5 times the adhesive strengths of conventional hydrogel electrodes on hairy leaves. As a result of the improved electrical and mechanical robustness, the morphable electrode can record more than one order of magnitude higher signal‐to‐noise ratio on hairy plants and maintains high‐fidelity recording despite plant movements, achieving superior performance to conventional hydrogel electrodes. The reported morphable electrode is a promising tool for hairy plant electrophysiology and may be applied to diversely textured plants for advanced sensing and modulation.
Advancements in Throughput, Lifetime, Purification, and Workflow for Integrated Nanoscale Deterministic Lateral Displacement
Authors: Wunsch Benjamin H. , Hsieh Kuan Yu , Kim Sung‐Cheol , Pereira Michael , Lukashov Stanislav , Scerbo Chris , Papalia John M. , Duch Elizabeth A. , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Gifford Stacey M. , Smith Joshua T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanoscale deterministic lateral displacement (nanoDLD) has emerged as an effective method for separating nanoscopic colloids for applications in molecular biology, yet present limits in throughput, purification, on‐chip filtration, and workflow restricting its adoption as a practical separation technology. To overcome these impediments, array scaling and parallelization for integrated nanoDLD (i‐nanoDLD) enrichment devices are developed to achieve a density of ≈83 arrays mm−2 with 31 160 parallel arrays, producing an ≈30‐fold concentration of the target colloid and a record throughput of 17 mL h−1. Purification using a dual‐fluid input embodiment of i‐nanoDLD is demonstrated to successfully remove background contaminants from target colloid samples, including urine. Used serially, high‐throughput enrichment and purification chips achieve >1700 gain in particle over protein concentration compared to input sample. Additionally, integration of upstream filter banks shows improved operation lifetime > 7× for particles with diameters close to the gap size. Finally, the integrated design and associated flow rates allow a straightforward approach to chip‐to‐world interfacing as demonstrated using a prototype system for facile, turn‐key sample processing. Collectively, these developments advance nanoDLD into the range of sample volumes and process times needed for research and clinical samples.
Radical Chain Breaking Bis(ortho‐organoselenium) Substituted Phenolic Antioxidants
Authors: Upadhyay Aditya , Singh Bhakuni Bhagat , Meena Rahul , Kumar Sangit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of a chalcogen atom at the ortho‐position of phenols enhances their radical chain‐breaking activity. Here, a copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction of 2,6‐dibromo‐ and 2,6‐diiodophenols with diorganodiselenides has been studied for the introduction of two organoselenium substituents at both ortho‐positions of the phenolic radical chain‐breaking antioxidants, which afforded 2,6‐diorganoseleno‐substituted phenols in 80–92% yields having electron‐donating CH3, and electron‐withdrawing CN and CHO functionalities. Additionally, 2,6‐diiodophenols with electron‐withdrawing CHO and CN groups also afforded novel 5,5′‐selenobis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐(phenylselanyl)benzaldehyde) and 5,5′‐selenobis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐(phenylselanyl)benzonitrile) consisting of three selenium and two phenolic moieties along with 2,6‐diorganoseleno‐substituted phenols has been synthesized. The electron‐withdrawing CHO group has been reduced by sodium borohydride to the electron‐donating alcohol CH2OH group, which is desirable for efficient radical quenching activity of phenols. The developed copper‐catalyzed reaction conditions enable the installation of two‐arylselenium group ortho to phenolic radical chain‐breaking antioxidants, which may not be possible by conventional organolithium‐bromine exchange methods due to the sluggish reactivity of trianions (dicarba and phenoxide anion), which are generated by the reaction of organolithium with 2,6‐dibromophenols, with diorganodiselenides. The antioxidant activities of the synthesized bis and tris selenophenols have been accessed by DPPH, thiol peroxides, and singlet oxygen quenching assay. The radical quenching antioxidant activity has been studied for the synthesized compounds by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The bis‐selenophenols show comparable radical deactivating activity, while tris seleno‐bisphenols show higher radical deactivating activity than α‐tocopherol. Furthermore, the tris seleno‐bisphenol shows comparable peroxide decomposing activity with ebselen molecules.
Predictions of mortality related to four major cancers in China, 2020 to 2030
Authors: Li Ning , Wu Peng , Shen Yubing , Yang Cuihong , Zhang Luwen , Chen Yali , Wang Zixing , Jiang Jingmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer has become a global health problem, and assessments of cancer mortality are important for effective public health policy‐making and adequate resource allocation. In this study, we aimed to predict the mortality rates and numbers of deaths related to four common cancers (lung, liver, stomach, and esophagus) in China from 2020 to 2030 and to estimate the corresponding cancer burden caused by population aging and tobacco smoking.MethodsCancer mortality data (2004–2017) were extracted from China's death surveillance datasets, and China's population figures (2020–2030) were obtained from the United Nations population projections. Smoking prevalence data were retrieved from a World Health Organization global report, and relative risks of smoking and cancers were derived from large‐scale Asian studies. We predicted the deaths related to the four major cancers and age‐standardized mortality rates using joinpoint regression and linear regression models. The tobacco smoking‐related burden of these four major cancers was estimated using the population attributable fraction.ResultsUnlike lung cancer mortality which was predicted to continue to increase, the age‐standardized mortality rates for digestive cancers (liver, stomach, and esophageal cancers) are predicted to decline over the next decade. The number of deaths caused by the four major cancers is predicted to increase from 1,490,304 in 2020 to 1,823,960 in 2030. The age‐specific mortality rates of the four major cancers are predicted to increase with age after 40–45 years, peaking in the age groups of 80–84 and ≥85 years. In 2030, the combined number of deaths from the four examined cancers among adults aged ≥65 years is predicted to be 1,167,153, accounting for 64% of all deaths from these cancers. Tobacco smoking is predicted to contribute to nearly 29% of deaths from these cancers, corresponding to 527,577 deaths.ConclusionsThe overall trend in the combined total mortality from four major cancers is predicted to decline over the next decade; however, the corresponding death toll is expected to surge, in the context of China's population aging and high smoking prevalence. These estimates provide data‐driven evidence for China to implement effective cancer control measures in the future.
Antioxidant Activity of a New Xanthone Derivative from Aspidistra Letreae: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Ho Duc Viet , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Vu Thien‐Y , Pham Ty Viet , Nguyen Hien Minh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new xanthone derivative, aspidxanthone A (1), and three known compounds ((2S)‐1‐(β‐D‐galactopyranosyloxy)‐3‐(hexadecanoyloxy)propan‐2‐yl (9Z,12Z)‐octadeca‐9,12‐dienoate (2), (25S)‐spirostane‐1β,3α,5β‐triol (3), and asparenyldiol (4)) were isolated from the whole of the endemic species Aspidistra letreae in Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with published data. In this study, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of a new compound aspidxanthone A, antioxidant activities of the extract and isolates 1–4, and in silico molecular docking of aspidxanthone A. The ethyl acetate extract had good antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 26.3 μg mL−1. Among the isolates, aspidxanthone A exhibited DPPH reduction activity with an IC50 value of 11.2 μM, which is in the same range as that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. The mechanism of action of aspidxanthone A on the tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase proteins have been clarified by in silico studies.
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative flow ratio for assessment of coronary stenosis significance from a single angiographic view: A novel method based on bifurcation fractal law
Authors: Tu Shengxian , Ding Daixin , Chang Yunxiao , Li Chunming , Wijns William , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) from a single angiographic view in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis.BackgroundComputation of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) from a single angiographic view might increase the feasibility of routine use of computational FFR. In addition, current QFR solutions assume a linear tapering of the reference vessel size, which might decrease the diagnostic accuracy in the presence of the physiologically significant bifurcation lesions.MethodsAn artificial intelligence algorithm was proposed for automatic delineation of lumen contours of major epicardial coronary arteries including their side branches. A step‐down reference diameter function was reconstructed based on the Murray bifurcation fractal law and used for QFR computation. Validation of this Murray law‐based QFR (μQFR) was performed on the FAVOR II China study population. The μQFR was computed separately in two angiographic projections, starting with the one with optimal angiographic image quality. Hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis was defined by pressure wire‐derived FFR ≤0.80.ResultsThe μQFR was successfully computed in all 330 vessels of 306 patients. There was excellent correlation (r = 0.90, p < .001) and agreement (mean difference = 0.00 ± 0.05, p = .378) between μQFR and FFR. The vessel‐level diagnostic accuracy for μQFR to identify hemodynamically significant stenosis was 93.0% (95% CI: 90.3 to 95.8%), with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of 87.5% (95% CI: 80.2 to 92.8%), 96.2% (95% CI: 92.6 to 98.3%), 92.9% (95% CI: 86.5 to 96.9%), 93.1% (95% CI: 88.9 to 96.1%), 23.0 (95% CI: 11.6 to 45.5), 0.13 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.20), respectively. Use of suboptimal angiographic image view slightly decreased the diagnostic accuracy of μQFR (AUC = 0.97 versus 0.92, difference = 0.05, p < .001). Intra‐ and inter‐observer variability for μQFR computation was 0.00 ± 0.03, and 0.00 ± 0.03, respectively. Average analysis time for μQFR was 67 ± 22 s.ConclusionsComputation of μQFR from a single angiographic view has high feasibility and excellent diagnostic accuracy in identifying hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis. The short analysis time and good reproducibility of μQFR bear potential of wider adoption of physiological assessment in the catheterization laboratory.
Anti‐N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis masquerading as fever of unknown origin
Authors: Heng Katrina Yi Ching , Lee Jan Hau , Thomas Terrence 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFever of unknown origin (FUO) is a diagnostic challenge. Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis should be considered in children with FUO and new‐onset neurological symptoms without significant encephalopathy.
Transacylation Kinetics in Fatty Acid and Polyketide Synthases and its Sensitivity to Point Mutations**
Authors: Stegemann Franziska , Grininger Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFatty acid and polyketide synthases (FASs and PKSs) synthesize physiologically and pharmaceutically important products by condensation of acyl building blocks. The transacylation reaction catalyzed by acyl transferases (ATs) is responsible for the selection of acyl‐CoA esters for further processing by FASs and PKSs. In this study, the AT domains of different multidomain (type I) PKS systems are kinetically described in their substrate selectivity, AT−Acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain‐domain interaction and enzymatic kinetic properties. We observe that the ATs of modular PKSs, intricate protein complexes occurring in bacteria and responsible for the biosynthesis of bioactive polyketides, are significantly slower than ATs of mammalian FASs, reflecting the respective purpose of the biosynthetic pathways within the organism and their metabolic context. We further perform a mutational study on the kinetics of the AT−ACP interaction in the modular PKS 6‐deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) and find a high plasticity in enzyme properties, which we explain by a high plasticity in AT−ACP recognition. Our study enlarges the understanding of ATs in its molecular properties and is similarly a call for thorough AT‐centered PKS engineering strategies.