bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reward‐ and threat‐related neural function associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents: a study using a composite risk score in Brazil
Authors: Yoon Leehyun , Rohrsetzer Fernanda , Battel Lucas , Anés Mauricio , Manfro Pedro H. , Rohde Luis A. , Viduani Anna , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Mondelli Valeria , Kieling Christian , Swartz Johnna R. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundNeuroimaging studies on adolescents at risk for depression have relied on a single risk factor and focused on adolescents in high‐income countries. Using a composite risk score, this study aims to examine neural activity and connectivity associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents in Brazil.MethodsDepression risk was defined with the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA‐RS), calculated using a prognostic model that included 11 socio‐demographic risk factors. Adolescents recruited from schools in Porto Alegre were classified into a low‐risk (i.e., low IDEA‐RS and no lifetime depression), high‐risk (i.e., high IDEA‐RS and no lifetime depression), or clinically depressed group (i.e., high IDEA‐RS and depression diagnosis). One hundred fifty adolescents underwent a functional MRI scan while completing a reward‐related gambling and a threat‐related face‐matching task. We compared group differences in activity and connectivity of the ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala during the gambling and face‐matching tasks, respectively, and group differences in whole‐brain neural activity.ResultsAlthough there was no group difference in reward‐related VS or threat‐related amygdala activity, the depressed group showed elevated VS activity to punishment relative to high‐risk adolescents. The whole‐brain analysis found reduced reward‐related activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex of patients and high‐risk adolescents compared with low‐risk adolescents. Compared with low‐risk adolescents, high‐risk and depressed adolescents showed reduced threat‐related left amygdala connectivity with thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area.ConclusionsWe identified neural correlates associated with risk and presence of depression in a well‐characterized sample of adolescents. These findings enhance knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of risk and presence of depression in Brazil. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether the observed neural patterns of high‐risk adolescents predict the development of depression.
Optical properties of a novel glass–ceramic restorative material
Authors: Blackburn Jackson , Jackson Tate , Cook Ryan , Sulaiman Taiseer A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the optical properties of a dental restorative material manufactured from lithium aluminosilicate ceramic and reinforced with lithium disilicate. Translucency and the optical effects of various supporting materials on color were the primary focus.MethodsFive 10 × 10 mm samples were prepared in thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm of both high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) versions of the material in shade A3. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the illuminance of the samples with black and white backings in order to calculate contrast ratio (CR) and relative translucency parameter (RTP). A baseline relationship between translucency and material thickness was examined and the effects of composite, titanium, and zirconia abutments on color change were studied.ResultsNo significant findings were identified for RTP or CR between the HT and LT material, regardless of the material thickness (p = 0.39, p = 0.14, respectively). Regardless of material thickness (HT vs. LT), translucencies (RTP and CR) were significantly different with composite, titanium, and zirconia backings compared to baseline values (p < 0.0001). Titanium had the most significant decrease in translucency compared to composite and zirconia. There was no difference in ΔE00 between the HT and LT materials (p > 0.05) regardless of the backing. Titanium had the most significant effect on color of both materials followed by composite then zirconia (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere is not a clinically significant difference in translucency between the high translucency and low translucency materials. Only zirconia supporting structures produced changes in color that are clinically acceptable.Clinical SignificanceUnderstanding the optical properties of glass–ceramic restorative materials aids providers in selecting appropriate materials for optimum esthetic outcomes. The lithium‐aluminosilicate reinforced with lithium disilicate material does a poor job masking supporting structures and resisting color change.
Positive surgical margin is an independent predictor of overall survival of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nomura Hidetaka , Omi Makiko , Netsu Sachiho , Aoki Yoichi , Tanigawa Terumi , Kurita Tomoko , Matoda Maki , Okamoto Sanshiro , Omatsu Kohei , Kanao Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimIt is uncertain whether curative surgical treatment or a less radical surgery with adjuvant treatment should be provided to preserve function in patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that is adjacent to the urethra, anus, and vagina. The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical margin in patients with vulvar SCC with regard to local recurrence and overall survival.MethodsThirty‐four patients were identified as having a diagnosis of vulvar SCC without distant metastasis. They had been treated surgically with curative intent at the Cancer Institute Hospital. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsRates of 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival among patients with positive, <3‐mm, <5‐mm, <8‐mm, and ≥8‐mm surgical margins were 32%, 30.3%, 42.5%, 55.5%, and 73%, respectively. Rates of 5‐year overall survival of patients with positive, <3‐mm, <5‐mm, <8‐mm, and ≥8‐mm surgical margins were 15.5%, 53.8%, 58.8%, 67.6%, and 83.3%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, a tumor size of more than 2‐cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 17.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39–226) and a positive surgical margin (HR = 0.0092, 95% CI = 0.011–0.53) were risk factors for local recurrence, and a lymph node involvement (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.31–6.43) and a positive surgical margin (HR = 0.0046, 95% CI = 0.011–0.53) were significant risk factors for overall mortality.ConclusionsTo improve the prognosis, thorough resection with an adequate surgical margin is needed. But narrow surgical margin may be acceptable, particularly to preserve the function of adjacent organs.
Anal atresia as the diagnostic clue in VACTERL association: A first‐trimester case report
Authors: Wang Yu , Dai Xiaohui , Liu Hanmin , Li Yiping , Li Lei , Chen Jiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnal atresia is the most common malformation occurring in VACTERL association, but it is difficult to diagnose antenatally. We herein present a case of fetal anal atresia in VACTERL association diagnosed by ultrasonography and supported by autopsy. This case emphasizes the clues to ultrasonographic diagnosis of anal atresia at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation, promoting increased awareness of VACTERL association during first‐trimester screening.
Development and validation of a magnetic resonance imaging‐based nomogram for predicting invasive forms of placental accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Hang , Zhou Kefeng , He Jian , Shi Zhihao , Wang Zhiqun , Dai Yimin , Hu Yali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based nomogram for predicting invasive forms of placental accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders (placenta increta and percreta) with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis.”MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of a primary cohort of 118 patients and a validation cohort of 65 patients with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis,” who were further evaluated by MRI. MRI signs associated with PAS disorders were analyzed between invasive and noninvasive groups by both univariate and logistic regression to construct the nomogram. The accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were measured by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curve internally and externally.ResultsThe history of previous cesarean deliveries (odds ratio [OR], 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–9.27), loss of double‐line sign (OR, 9.49; 95% CI, 3.06–29.48), abnormal uterine bulging (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.53–10.69), and disorganized abnormal placenta vascularity (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.09–10.50) were imputed for the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.85 for internal validation and 0.84 for external validation. Calibration curve showed good agreement with predicted risk and actual observation for both primary and validation cohort.ConclusionsMRI can be a useful adjunct for clinical staging of patients with “uncertain ultrasound diagnosis.”
A qualitative study of perceptions of senior health service staff as to factors influencing the development of Advanced Clinical Practice roles in mental health services
Authors: Brimblecombe Neil , Nolan Fiona 
Published: August 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) are, typically, non‐medical healthcare professionals, who possess advanced clinical skills, a master's level qualification and evidence of leadership, management and research abilities.

Most ACPs are nurses and new ACP roles are increasingly being established around the world.

The views of senior staff towards new mental health nursing roles in organizations are likely to influence their introduction and sustainability

Research on mental health nursing ACP roles is sparse.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The paper uniquely provides specific information as to factors perceived by senior staff as affecting the implementation of ACP roles in mental health services.

A wide range of mental health services were perceived as potentially benefiting from ACPs.

Establishing role clarity for MHN ACPs is perceived as being as essential to successful introduction of the role, as has been found for other specialities.

What are the implications for practice?

Participants identified a need for early engagement with service users and professions about new ACP roles and for processes that can evaluate ACP roles once they established.

Some mental health nurses may require long‐term developmental pathways to help prepare them to take on a master's level course and then the ACP role.

AbstractIntroductionAdvanced clinical practice (ACP) roles are increasingly being developed internationally. Identifying factors perceived as affecting the development of ACP can support effective implementation.AimTo understand the views of senior health service staff as to factors influencing the development of ACP roles in mental health services.MethodFocus group and semi‐structured interviews. Participants were directors of nursing (n = 10) and other senior staff from roles important to workforce development (n = 10).ResultsContent analysis suggested seven categories: understanding the role and national guidelines, attitudes to the role, learning from implementing other roles, understanding prerequisites for development, challenges, opportunities and future support/actions. Prerequisites for success would include early engagement with stakeholders. Medical attitudes towards ACP roles were perceived as generally more positive than previously.DiscussionThe study provides unique information regarding perspectives of senior staff regarding the implementation of ACP roles in mental health services. A wide range of mental health services were perceived as potentially benefiting from ACPs, with the importance of role clarity being highlighted and long‐term developmental pathways for staff.Implications for practiceSuccessful Implementation of ACP roles may require clear role definition, early engagement with stakeholders and processes to evaluate role outcomes.
Has the New Natalism Reduced the Religious Fertility Advantage?
Authors: DeRose Laurie F. , Wilcox William Bradford , Leyva‐Townsend Pamela , Reyes Brito Javiera , James Spencer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReligion has historically been a pronatalist force, but because it fosters traditional gender role attitudes, its importance for fertility has the potential to wane if gender equality is emerging as the new natalism. We used World Values Survey (WVS) data from 1989 to 2020 to determine whether the religious fertility advantage has changed over the last three decades, with a particular focus on low‐fertility countries where egalitarian gender role attitudes are most likely to support childbearing. The fertility advantage associated with holding traditional gender role attitudes has indeed decreased over time, but this had at best a minimal effect on the religious fertility advantage.
Mattering to God and to the Congregation: Gendered Effects in Mattering as a Mechanism Between Religiosity and Mental Health
Authors: Bonhag Rebecca , Upenieks Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA vast literature suggests favorable links between religiosity and mental health. Yet, the concept of “mattering” is an underexplored concept in the sociology of religion. Using a sample of U.S. adults from the 2017 Baylor Religion Survey, we investigate whether any associations between several aspects of religiosity (worship attendance, prayer, attachment to God, and God image) and mental health may be mediated by perceptions of mattering, and whether these pathways differ for men and women. Results from structural equation models indicate that mattering mediates the relationships between attachment to God, holding a judgmental God image, and worship attendance with depressive symptoms for women only. Further, holding a judgmental God image and worship attendance are mediated by mattering in predicting women's anxiety. We discuss the impact of mattering and the gendered pathways through which some aspects of religion and mental health are connected.
The efficacy and safety of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Zhouyue , Cui Yuanshan , Chai Yumeng , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) of mirabegron in treating ureteral stent‐related symptoms. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on the eligible RCT.ResultsFive RCT including 546 patients and comparing mirabegron with placebo or blank control were involved in the present research. Regarding efficacy, mirabegron was superior to controls in urinary symptom score (P = .0006) and general health score (P < .0001) of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire, total International Prostate Symptom Score (P < .00001), quality of life (P < .0001), analgesic use (P = .008), and readmission or visit to hospital due to discomfort (P = .001). Safety assessments including adverse events (P = .40) suggested that mirabegron was well tolerated.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis shows that mirabegron is an effective and safe treatment for relieving ureteral stent‐related symptoms with a low occurrence of adverse events.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies albaMill.)
Authors: Major Enikő I. , Höhn Mária , Avanzi Camilla , Fady Bruno , Heer Katrin , Opgenoorth Lars , Piotti Andrea , Popescu Flaviu , Postolache Dragos , Vendramin Giovanni G. , Csilléry Katalin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVariation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations’ resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (Abies albaMill.)population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1,368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east‐west isolation‐by‐distance pattern consistent with the post‐glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (FCT= 0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (FSC= 0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modelling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post‐glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non‐spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.
“Epstein‐Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumour as an unusual cause of ureteric graft obstruction in a child”
Authors: Szklarz María Tatiana , Tessi Catalina , Ruiz Javier , Rosiere Nicolas Ignacio , Lopez Imizcoz Felicitas , Weller Santiago , Solernou Verónica Ester , Monteverde Marta Lidia , Corbetta Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus with oncogenic potential, especially in immunocompromised patients. EBV can promote smooth muscle proliferation, resulting in EBV‐associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV‐SMT).MethodsWe report a case of a 10‐year‐old child with end‐stage renal disease secondary to hypoplastic crossed and fused kidneys who underwent kidney transplantation. EBV serology was unknown for the donor and negative for the recipient; three months after he had a primary EBV infection. Two years after the transplantation, percutaneous nephrostomy was performed because of a drop in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and severe dilatation of the graft. Nephrography showed contrast enhancement of the pelvis of the graft kidney and proximal ureter, with a clear blockage at the level of the mid ureter and no passage towards the bladder. A 1.5‐cm tumor was found causing intraluminal compression of the mid ureter.ResultsComplete resection of the tumor and distal ureter was performed leaving a short proximal ureter. A tension‐free uretero‐ureteroanastomoses was achieved using the native ureter. There were no surgical complications. Histologic evaluation showed spindle‐shaped muscle cells, moderate pleomorphism, and inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for muscle‐specific actin. Epstein‐Barr encoding region (EBER) in situ hybridization was positive, confirming the diagnosis of EBV‐associated SMT.ConclusionsEBV–SMT is an exceedingly rare oncological entity that may develop in either the graft or any other organ. The clinical findings are location related. EBV seroconversion following transplantation might be a risk factor for the development of SMT in solid organ recipients.
Neural signature of delayed fear generalization under stress
Authors: Kausche Franziska Magdalena , Zerbes Gundula , Kampermann Lea , Büchel Christian , Schwabe Lars 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the generalization of fear to stimuli resembling a threatening stimulus is an adaptive mechanism, fear overgeneralization is maladaptive and thought to play a key role in anxiety‐related disorders. Since there is typically a delay between an initial fear experience and a situation in which fear (over)generalization may occur, we assessed delayed fear generalization and its neural signature. Moreover, as stress is known to affect fear learning, we further tested whether acute stress modulates fear generalization. Therefore, we conducted a two‐day fear generalization study, with initial fear acquisition on Day 1 and a fear generalization test after a 24‐hr delay in the MRI scanner. Prior to fear generalization testing, participants were exposed to a stressor or a control manipulation. Our behavioral data showed the expected generalization of fear. At a neural level, fear generalization was accompanied by increased fear‐signaling for stimuli that resembled the conditioned stimulus in the bilateral insula and frontal operculum, whereas activity declined in frontal, hippocampal, and temporal regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, as stimuli became more similar to the conditioned stimulus. Importantly, stress did not modulate fear generalization, neither on a behavioral nor on a neural level. Interestingly, in an explorative comparison to two other studies that used the same paradigm but tested generalization immediately after acquisition, we observed increased fear generalization in the delayed relative to the immediate generalization test. In sum, our results suggest that stress leaves fear generalization and its neural signature unaffected but that a temporal delay might increase the extent to which fear responses are generalized to stimuli resembling the threatening stimulus.
Agriculture exports, child labor and youth education: Evidence from 68 developing countries
Authors: Lin Faqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of agricultural exports on youth education in a panel of 68 developing countries during the period from 1965 to 2010 by applying exogenous world agriculture prices as an instrument. The main finding is that an increase in the agriculture trade leads to a significant reduction in years of education and the increase in child labor that results from a boom in agriculture provides a dominant channel. The reduction in primary school attainment supports the child labor channel due to their strong linkage. Finally, income and literacy are found to be able to mitigate such adverse effects.