bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing Among Alternative Brands: Revisiting the Way Involvement Drives Consumer Selectivity
Authors: Konstantoulaki Kleopatra , Kokkinaki Flora , Rizomyliotis Ioannis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study provides original theoretical and practical insights on the role of involvement in consumer decision making by demonstrating its negative effect on the relative size of the consideration set. Two experimental studies were conducted to test the relations between these constructs. The moderating effect of the nature of a product category and of the decision-making context was also examined. The results suggest that high involvement makes consumers more selective when evaluating the brands, they consider for purchase. This points towards different marketing practices in order to enhance brand attitudes or strengthen brand awareness accordingly.
Lower Portion Rupture of a Thrust Fault during the 2017 Mw 6.3 Jinghe Earthquake: Implications to Seismic Hazards in the Tian Shan Region
Authors: Hu Zongkai , Li Tao , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 2017 Mw 6.3 Jinghe earthquake represents one of the few large earthquakes that are well recorded by seismic instruments and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations in the seismically active Tian Shan region. In this study, we use the rupture fault solution (dip, dip direction, and slip sense) from seismologic and InSAR results, along with analysis of our collected surface mapping data, to determine the subsurface fault-plane geometry of the seismogenic Jinghenan fault. This geometric model, integrated with the coseismic slip distribution from seismologic and InSAR data, reveals that: (1) the Jinghenan fault extends downward from the land surface at a dip of ∼46° S (upper ramp), then bends to ∼42° S (lower ramp) at the depth of 9–13 km; (2) the coseismic rupture is confined within the Jinghenan lower ramp, and its upper limitation is approximately coincident with the fault-bend location. This coseismic rupture pattern and seismic behavior can be broadened to other active thrust faults within the Tian Shan, suggesting that, during moderate-strong earthquakes, such faults may only rupture partially in the down-dip extension, and the unruptured fault portion remains to pose high-seismic risk in the future.
Geological and Geomorphological Evidence for Activity along the Motuo Fault, Eastern Side of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xie Chao , Zhou Bengang , Yang Fan , Li Zhengfang , Cui Yueju , Pang Wei , Li Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Motuo fault (MTF) strikes along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone on the eastern boundary of the Namche Barwa syntaxis. The movement pattern and Quaternary activity of the MTF remain unclear, which hampers efforts to undertake meaningful seismic hazard assessments near the southeastern part of the Tibetan plateau and to understand the tectonic evolution of the Namche Barwa syntaxis. In this study, the MTF is shown to feature left-lateral strike-slip movements with offset gullies and mountain ridges and appears to have ruptured during the late Pleistocene to Holocene, as evidenced from geological, paleoseismic, and radiocarbon dating investigations. Specifically, at least three surface-rupturing paleoseismic events are revealed; two events occurred after 2606 B.P. and after 18.2 ka. Combining this information with previous Global Positioning System results in southeastern Tibet, we suggest that, as a boundary fault, the MTF regulates the movements of the Namche Barwa and Chayu blocks. The velocity difference between the two blocks advancing to the north is the main mechanism of left-lateral strike-slip motion along the MTF. The accumulation and release of shear stress between the two blocks have led to strong activity along the MTF, since the late Quaternary.
From National to Transnational Seismic Monitoring Products and Services in the Republic of Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine
Authors: Mărmureanu Alexandru , Ionescu Constantin , Grecu Bogdan , Toma-Danila Dragos , Tiganescu Alexandru , Neagoe Cristian , Toader Victorin , Craifaleanu Iolanda-Gabriela , Dragomir Claudiu Sorin , Meiţă Vasile , Liashchuk Oleksandr Ivanovich , Dimitrova Liliya , Ilieş Ion 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the background, current status, and outlook of seismic monitoring products and services in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. These countries manage seismic networks that contribute to the European Integrated Data Archive node in the framework of the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, which represents a collaborative effort in coordinating observational seismology across the European region through the collection, archiving, and dissemination of seismic waveform data, metadata, and related products. All of the aforementioned countries share a common threat: strong earthquakes occurring in the Vrancea area located in central-eastern Romania at intermediate depths (usually in the 60–180 km interval). Events such as the ones on 10 November 1940 and 4 March 1977 generated high damage in Romania, northern Bulgaria, and Moldova. In addition to Vrancea, crustal earthquakes in areas such as Shabla or Dulovo can lead to cross-border damage. Therefore, understanding the way national seismic networks are distributed, how they cooperate, and the products and services that they provide in (near) real time and their terms is of significant interest in the context of necessary hazard harmonization and joint emergency intervention and risk mitigation actions.
Attenuation and Basin Amplification Revealed by the Dense Ground Motions of the 12 July 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan, China, Earthquake
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wen Ruizhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn 12 July 2020, an Ms 5.1 moderate earthquake occurred on the north segment of the Tangshan fault in North China, which was the seismogenic fault of the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake and numerous small-to-moderate earthquakes in recent decades in the Tangshan seismic zone. The Ms 5.1 event was well-recorded by dense ground-motion observation stations, including the national strong-motion stations and seismic intensity stations. This many ground-motion recordings, obtained for such a moderate event in North China for the first time, provided a rare opportunity to investigate the attenuation and site effects on ground motion. The distance decay in the Tangshan seismic zone was first explored using the spectral amplitudes from the vertical component. The strong anelastic attenuation and weak geometrical spreading effects were clearly found. The hinged trilinear form may be more effective at describing the geometrical spreading. No geometrical spreading decay was visible at medium distances (60–100 km). Anomalous areas with extraordinary high amplitudes occurred in the spatial distribution of peak ground accelerations and peak ground velocities that we attribute to significant basin amplification effects, which was confirmed by the wideband and high amplifications on the standard spectral ratio and the later-arriving, long-period surface waves observed in waveforms in the Ninghe–Baodi area and south of Beijing. The basin-induced surface waves in the 2–5 s period were most prominent in the Ninghe–Baodi area. We further inferred that basin effects may be responsible for the high-intensity anomaly areas observed in the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake.
Inteligência artificial e virtualização em ambientes virtuais de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Santos Sanval Ebert de Freitas , Jorge Eduardo Manuel de Freitas , Winkler Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

Dentre as tecnologias que a transformação digital apresenta, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) e a Virtualização estão entre as que mais impactam as relações sociais e de produção em diversas áreas, tais como finanças, varejo, mobilidade, saúde e educação. Nesta última se destacam os ambientes virtuais que são utilizados como ferramenta didática nas relações de ensino e aprendizagem. Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir as técnicas de inteligência artificial e virtualização incorporadas em Ambientes Virtuais de Ensino e Aprendizagem (AVEAs) a partir da descrição do surgimento da ferramenta, seguindo pela evolução frente aos desafios e perspectivas tecnológicas de ensino na educação online, seja na modalidade presencial, semipresencial ou à distância. Para tanto, será apresentado uma linha de evolução estruturada a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza descritiva, fundamentada por artigos científicos que discutem a temática e relaciona os aspectos didáticos e tecnológicos enfatizando a concepção, aplicação e desafios da arte de ensinar através de ciberespaços como os ambientes virtuais. Por fim se conceitua e discute as técnicas de inteligência artificial e virtualização, bem como sua incorporação em ambientes virtuais e relevância no processo de inovação das relações de ensino e aprendizagem.
STEGOSAUR TRACK ASSEMBLAGE FROM XINJIANG, CHINA, FEATURING THE SMALLEST KNOWN STEGOSAUR RECORD
Authors: XING LIDA , LOCKLEY MARTIN G. , PERSONS W. SCOTT , KLEIN HENDRIK , ROMILIO ANTHONY , WANG DONGHAO , WANG MIAOYAN 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTTracks attributable to small ornithischian dinosaurs (thyreophorans and cerapodans) are generally rare in comparison with those representing large individuals. Here we report a presumed stegosaur track (ichnogenus Deltapodus) only 5.7 cm long originating from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Province, China, co-occurring with the tracks of larger individuals. This track is only 15% as long as the type of Deltapodus curriei from the same locality. This is the smallest convincing example of a Deltapodus currently known. Reports of purported diminutive stegosaur tracks from the Jurassic of North America have been refuted. A review of well-known ornithischian track ichnogenera reveals that small tracks, less than 11.0–12.0 cm are rare, with only one previous report of a Deltapodus only 8.0 cm long. Most other reported tracks of these ichnogenera represent large individuals with footprint lengths mostly in the range of 30–50 cm. The scarcity of small ornithischian tracks contrasts with the relative abundance of small theropod tracks. The reasons for this paucity of small ornithischian tracks may be due to paleobiological (ontogenetic or paleoecological) or non-paleobiological (preservational) factors.
The Effects of Particle Segregation on Debris Flow Fluidity Over a Rigid Bed
Authors: Hotta Norifumi , Iwata Tomoyuki , Suzuki Takuro , Sakai Yuichi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIt is essential to consider the fluidity of a debris flow front when calculating its impact. Here we flume-tested mono-granular and bi-granular debris flows and compared the results to those of numerical simulations. We used sand particles with diameters of 0.29 and 0.14 cm at two mixing ratios of 1:1 and 3:7. Particle segregation was recorded with a high-speed video camera. We evaluated the fronts of debris flows at 0.5-second intervals. Then we numerically simulated one-dimensional debris flows under the same conditions and used the mean particle diameter when simulating mixed-diameter flows. For the mono-granular debris flows, the experimental and simulated results showed good agreement in terms of flow depth, front velocity, and flux. However, for the bi-granular debris flows, the simulated flow depth was less, and both the front velocity and flux were greater than those found experimentally. These differences may be attributable to the fact that the dominant shear stress was caused by the concentration of smaller sediment particles in the lower flow layers; such inverse gradations were detected in the debris flow bodies. Under these conditions, most shear stress is supported by smaller particles in the lower layers; the debris flow characteristics become similar to those of mono-granular flows, in contrast to the numerical simulation, which incorporated particle segregation with gradually decreasing mean diameter from the front to the flow body. Consequently, the calculated front velocities were underestimated; particle segregation at the front of the bi-granular debris flows did not affect fluidity either initially or over time.
Protocol for detection of bacterial proteins involved in efflux mediated antibiotic resistance (ARE) and their sub-families
Authors: Pandey Deeksha , Kumari Bandana , Singhal Neelja , Kumar Manish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This protocol describes a method for detection of bacterial proteins involved in efflux mediated antibiotic resistance (ARE) and their sub-families as described in the research paper entitled "BacEffluxPred: A two-tier system to predict and categorize bacterial efflux mediated antibiotic resistance proteins” published in Scientific Reports. BacEffluxPred is a support vector machine based two-tier prediction method, that can be used for the detection of efflux proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria and to identify the families to which it belongs. The overall prediction cycle includes three important steps: 1) The query protein is presented to the prediction algorithm. 2) If the query protein would be predicted to be a non-ARE protein, the prediction would stop at tier-I.3) If the query protein would be predicted as an ARE protein at the tier-I, the query protein would be forwarded to tier-II for ARE family prediction. By using these steps it is possible to generate the models that can be used on proteomic data to predict whether the given data have potential ARE proteins or not if yes it will further classified into their following families. This is the first in-silico tool for predicting bacterial ARE proteins and their families and it is freely available as both web-server and standalone versions at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/baceffluxpred/
Determination of poultry manure and plant residues effects on Zn bioavailable fraction in contaminated soil via DGT technique
Authors: Mohseni Amir , Heidari Saber , Raei Bijan , Moftakharzadeh Seyed Adel , Bidast Solmaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was aimed at assessing the effects of poultry manure, sorghum, and clover residues (0 and 15 g kg− 1) on the zinc (Zn) bioavailable fraction in contaminated calcareous soil using two chemical assay, including diffusion gradient in thin films (DGT) and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA), and a bioassay with corn (Zea mase L.). The results showed that poultry manure, clover, and sorghum residues application increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 53.6 and 36.1, and 9.2%, respectively, with respect to unamended soils, as well as decreasing soil pH by 0.42, 0.26, and 0.06 units, respectively. These changes did result in increases of Zn effective concentration (CE) and DTPA-Zn, and plant Zn concentration as a result of the increased exchangeable form of Zn. In the sorghum residues-amended soils, a reverse trend was observed for CE-Zn compared to the DTPA method. Correlation analyses revealed that unlike CE-Zn, DTPA-Zn had a significant positive correlation with organic fractions that can be considered as an equivalent to the fact that the DTPA method had been overestimated Zn available to the plant. The best correlations between corn metal concentrations and soil metal bioavailability were obtained for CE-Zn using DGT technique, which also provided the best Zn bioavailability estimate. It is concluded that sorghum residues could be used to reduce the phytotoxicity risk of Zn in calcareous contaminated soil, and DTPA method is the less robust indicator of Zn bioavailability than DGT technique.
Developing Health and Wellbeing in Prisons: an Analysis of Prison Inspection Reports in Scotland
Authors: Woodall James , Freeman Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Scottish Prison Service (SPS) has been long regarded for its progressive policy approach to health promotion in prison. It is one of the few countries with a strategic plan for health promotion implementation. Given the paucity of understanding in relation to the concept of a health promoting prison, this study assessed routinely collected prison inspection data to understand and distil learning in regard the practical implementation of health-promoting prisons. Methods: Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) oversees the independent inspection of all prisons. This study analysed openly accessible inspection reports from a public repository. The sample was limited to inspection reports using the 2018 revised Standards to ensure comparability between reports. Eight unique inspection reports meeting this criterion were downloaded between January and October 2020. Data from the reports which focused on ‘health and wellbeing’ – a discrete section in each report – were analysed using NVivo 12.Results: Results are presented against the values and principles outlined in the SPS’ own framework for promoting health in prison. All of the institution reports contained evidence of fairness and justice in their prison and understandings of health inequalities were recognised by staff. There were also examples of mutual (peer) support between people in prison; good relationships between staff and prisoners; and strong health promotion leadership. Conversely, some environmental conditions hindered the development of health promotion – this included staffing shortages and some practices fostering health inequity. Even where a prison was reported as having health promotion activities in place these were focused on a narrow range of individual risk factors such as smoking cessation or substance misuse. Far less attention was paid to wider health determinants. Conclusions: Scotland has been at the forefront of attempts to embed a health promoting prison philosophy in their justice system. Inspection data focusing on ‘health and wellbeing’ were analysed, but the analysis suggests that more could be done to ensure a health promoting setting. The way prisons inspectors are assessing health and wellbeing is very narrow, with the focus exclusively on healthcare without a wider appreciation of how other areas of prison life can impact.
Comparison of Different Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer Compositions for Determination of Low Level Fluoride in Environmental Water Samples with Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode
Authors: Forsido Tedlaye , Ndibewu Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Fluoride content of environmental water samples collected from the vicinity of Pilanesberg National Park was determined using a fluoride ion selective electrode (F−ISE). Different total ionic strength adjustment buffers (TISABs) EDTA, CDTA, Citrate and Acetate buffers, were compared for their effectiveness in releasing fluorine into the solution in its ionic form, by adjusting the pH and ionic strength of the solution, as well as by chelating polyvalent cations present in the samples. Nine water samples were collected from different sites around the park, where there is a decommissioned fluorspar mine, and an extinct volcano; for fluoride content. Quantification was carried out by means of multipoint calibration covering the range of interest in all treatments.
Result

The fluoride concentration was calculated using the Nernest equation with values obtained from the calibration graph. It was found that CDTA and EDTA buffers were the best TISABs as they produced a better linearity, slope and recovery in that order, where as the other acetate also produced better parameters and results than the untreated water samples.
Conclusion

CDTA and EDTA TISAB solutions perform better than the others for fluoride content determination from environmental water samples.
Effects of Phosphorus Level on Quality Traits and Quality-Related Enzymatic Activity in Lettuce
Authors: Ma Guang-Shu , Lian Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this experiment, we studied the effects of the application of various amounts phosphorus on the quality traits and quality-related enzyme activity in lettuce. When we supplied lettuce with 0.3 mmol/L or 0.4 mmol/L phosphorus, the yield was higher than that of the control. In addition, the quality traits were better, the nitrate content was lower and the nitrate reductase, catalase and ascorbic acid oxidase activities were higher in these plants than in the control. In addition, the chlorophyll content was higher, and the root activity was stronger, in plants supplied with 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus than in the control. These results suggest that the application of 0.3 or 0.4 mM/L phosphorus to lettuce is optimal for plant growth.
Standardized excitable elements for scalable engineering of far-from-equilibrium chemical networks
Authors: Schaffter Samuel , Chen Kuan-Lin , O'Brien Jackson , Noble Madeline , Murugan Arvind , Schulman Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engineered far-from-equilibrium synthetic chemical networks that pulse or switch states in response to environmental signals could precisely regulate the kinetics of chemical synthesis or self-assembly pathways. Currently, such networks must be extensively tuned to compensate for the different activities of and unintended reactions between different network chemical elements. Elements with standardized performance would allow rapid construction of networks with designed functions. Here we develop standardized excitable chemical elements, termed genelets, and use them to construct complex in vitro transcriptional networks. We develop a protocol for identifying >15 interchangeable genelet regulatory elements with uniform performance and minimal crosstalk. These elements can be combined to engineer feedforward and feedback modules whose dynamics are predicted by a simple kinetic model. We show modules can be rationally integrated and reorganized into networks that produce tunable temporal pulses and act as multi-state switchable memories. Standardized genelet elements, and the workflow to identify more, should make engineering complex far-from-equilibrium chemical dynamics routine.
Stability of Gamma-valerolactone Under Pulping Conditions as a Basis for Process Optimization and Chemical Recovery
Authors: Granatier Marianna , Schlapp-Hackl Inge , Lê Huy Quang , Nieminen Kaarlo , Sixta Herbert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the extent of the g-valerolactone (GVL) hydrolysis forming an equilibrium with 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4-HVA) in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range. The hydrolysis of pure 50 wt% GVL to 4-HVA (3.5 mol%) was observed only at elevated temperatures. The addition of sulfuric acid (0.2×10-5 wt% to 6 wt%) at elevated temperatures (150 – 180°C) and reaction times between 30-180 min caused the formation of 4 mol% 4-HVA but with decreasing acidity, the 4-HVA remained constant at about 3 mol%. The hydrolysis reactions in alkaline conditions were conducted at constant time (30 min) and temperature (180 °C) with variation of the NaOH concentration (0.2×10-6 wt% to 7 wt%). The addition of less than 0.2 wt % of NaOH resulted in the formation of less than 4 mol% of sodium 4-hydroxyvalerate. A maximum amount of 21 mol% of 4-HVA was observed in a 7 wt% NaOH solution. The stability after synthesis was determined by NMR analysis. To verify the GVL stability results obtained under practical conditions, Betula pendula sawdust was fractionated in 50% GVL with and without addition of H2SO4 or NaOH at 180°C and 120 min, and spent liquor was analyzed. The spent liquor contained 5.6 mol% and 6.0 mol% of 4-HVA in a highly acidic (20 kg H2SO4/t wood) and alkaline (192 kg NaOH/ t wood) environment, respectively.