bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Growth and Cognitive Development in Children Born Preterm: Relevance of Maternal Body Mass Index
Authors: Robinson Daniel T. , Josefson Jami , Balmert Lauren C. , Van Horn Linda , Silton Rebecca L. 
Published: February 2021

Objective Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) represents a surrogate marker of fetal exposures to the maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Yet, it remains poorly understood whether this marker indicates risk of altered trajectories in postnatal growth and development in children born preterm. This study aimed to determine whether maternal prepregnancy BMI is associated with altered growth and development in children born preterm.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study evaluated prepregnancy BMI as the exposure for childhood outcomes using linear regression and mixed effects models. The 38 children included in this follow-up evaluation originally participated in a prospective, observational cohort study to determine longitudinal levels of lipid species in preterm human milk expressed by women who delivered prior to 32 weeks. Childhood outcomes in this study were anthropometric measures during hospitalization (n = 38), after discharge through 36 months (n = 34) and Bayley-III developmental scores through 18 months corrected age (n = 26).
Results In 38 children born prior to 32 weeks, higher maternal prepregnancy BMI was independently associated with higher preterm infant growth velocity during hospitalization, but not associated with in-hospital change in length or head circumference and/or postdischarge growth. In univariate linear regression models, higher maternal BMI was associated with lower cognitive scores at 18 months corrected age. This significant association remained in an adjusted model accounting for relevant influences on early childhood development.
Conclusion Increasing maternal prepregnancy BMI may reflect risk of altered growth and cognitive development in children born preterm.
Key Points
The Effect of a Short Course of Tocolytic Indomethacin on Urinary Biomarkers in Premature Infants
Authors: El Samra Ahmad , Mian Ayesa , Lande Marc , Wang Hongyue , Guillet Ronnie 
Published: February 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 2-day prenatal course of indomethacin on the premature kidney as reflected by serum creatinine and urinary biomarkers.
Study Design Urine of infants ≤32 weeks was collected for the first 14 days and analyzed for cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, β2 microglobulin, epidermal growth factor, uromodulin, and microalbumin. Bivariate analysis compared serum creatinine and biomarkers of exposed (INDO) and unexposed (CONT) subjects.
Results Fifty-seven infants (35 CONT and 22 INDO) were studied. The cohorts were similar in gestational age, birthweight, race, gender, nephrotoxic medication exposure, and Apgar's scores. CONT had more dopamine exposure and included more pre-eclamptic mothers (p = 0.005). No difference in creatinine-based acute kidney injury or the log transformed mean, maximum, and minimum values of urinary biomarkers was detected.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that a short course of tocolytic indomethacin does not result in neonatal acute kidney injury.
Key Points
Developing a Wearable Sensor for Continuous Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Kwasnicki Richard M. , Chen Ching-Mei , Noakes Alex J. , Hettiaratchy Shehan , Yang Guang-Zhong , Darzi Ara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Technologies facilitating continuous free tissue flap monitoring such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been shown to improve flap salvage rates. However, the size and associated costs of such technology create a barrier to wider implementation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a wearable sensor for continuous tissue oxygenation monitoring.
Materials and Methods A forearm ischemia model was designed by using a brachial pressure cuff inflation protocol. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited. The forearm tissue oxygenation of each subject was monitored throughout the pressure cuff protocol by using a new optical sensor (Imperial College London), and a gold standard tissue spectrometry system (O2C, Medizintecknik, LEA, Germany). Data were processed to allow quantitative deoxygenation episode comparisons between inflations and sensor modalities.
Results The correlation between O2C and optical sensor oxygenation measurements was moderate (average R = 0.672, p < 0.001). Incremental increases in cuff inflation duration resulted in a linear increase in deoxygenation values with both O2C and optical sensors, with significant differences recorded on consecutive inflations (wall shear rate, p < 0.005). The presence or absence of pulsatile blood flow was correctly determined throughout by both sensor modalities.
Conclusion This study demonstrates the ability of a small optical sensor to detect and quantify tissue oxygenation changes and assess the presence of pulsatile blood flow. Low power, miniaturized electronics make the device capable of deployment in a wearable form which may break down the barriers for implementation in postoperative flap monitoring.
What’s the Story on Agriculture? Using Narratives to Understand Farming Households’ Aspirations in Meru, Kenya
Authors: Dilley Luke , Mausch Kai , Crossland Mary , Harris Dave 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the limited research on farming aspirations, little attention has been paid to the narratives which frame and shape them, and the ways in which the aspirations of those who farm intersect with the goals of extension services. Drawing on multimethod research conducted in Meru County, Kenya, we demonstrate how aspirations are not only situated within a consideration of personal circumstances, but are shaped in crucial ways by networks of relations and by the perceived possibilities afforded by material and cultural resources. We further highlight the accounts of state extension agents that link a lack of engagement with the desires and needs of those who farm to the failure of agricultural development initiatives. We argue that an engagement with aspirations opens up a route to understanding the obstacles and potentialities that matter to those who farm and, as such, might enable more responsive development initiatives centred on the perceptions and desires of those who farm.
Women’s Changing Opportunities and Aspirations Amid Male Outmigration: Insights from Makueni County, Kenya
Authors: Crossland Mary , Paez Valencia Ana Maria , Pagella Tim , Mausch Kai , Harris Dave , Dilley Luke , Winowiecki Leigh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Makueni County, Kenya, an area experiencing intensifying migration flows, we investigate the aspired futures of rural men and women using a novel methodology combining a narrative-based survey tool, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Our findings indicate that, in the absence of men and presence of norms restricting women's movement out of rural life, women are becoming increasingly engaged in farm management. Women’s aspirational narratives focused on commercialising farm activities, likely reflecting their changing agricultural opportunity space and new realities as farm managers. We highlight that only considering aspirations at the household level overlooks differing individual contributions, agency over various household income streams and individuals’ changing roles throughout life. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for further aspirations research including explicit consideration of intrahousehold heterogeneity and how individual strategies and aspirations interrelate and are negotiated at the household level to build an overall livelihood strategy.
NAD
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depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition
Authors: Moore Alexandra M. , Zhou Lei , Cui Jing , Li Luyi , Wu Nanping , Yu Alice , Poddar Soumya , Liang Keke , Abt Evan R. , Kim Stephanie , Ghukasyan Razmik , Khachatourian Nooneh , Pagano Kristina , Elliott Irmina , Dann Amanda M. , Riahi Rana , Le Thuc , Dawson David W. , Radu Caius G. , Donahue Timothy R. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which NAD and its reduced form NADH are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, increases consumption of NAD(H) through upregulation of PARP9, PARP10, and PARP14. This NAD(H) consumption results in increased dependence upon NAMPT for the recycling of NAM to salvage NAD pools, thus sensitizing these tumor cells to treatment with pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition by decreasing PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressing orthotopic tumor growth and liver metastases in vivo through this mechanism.
Plant egg cell fate determination depends on its exact position in female gametophyte
Authors: Sun Yang , Wang Xiu , Pan Lin , Xie Fei , Dai Bo , Sun Mengxiang , Peng Xiongbo 
Published: February 2021

Significance
In a mature female gametophyte of angiosperm, one egg cell and two synergid cells, referred to as the “egg apparatus,” originate from the same functional megaspore. How the egg cell and synergid cells differentiate into distinct cell types has drawn much attention but remains unclear. In this work, a live imaging system was established to visualize nuclear movement and cell specialization in female gametophytes. The final localization of the nuclei before cellularization was found to be critical for determining the cell fates of the egg apparatus. Artificial changes in the nuclear position could produce two functional egg cells. Furthermore, the plant hormone auxin was suggested as a positional cue for egg apparatus specialization.
Early systemic immune biomarkers predict bone regeneration after trauma
Authors: Cheng Albert , Vantucci Casey E. , Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Ruehle Marissa A. , Kotanchek Theresa , Wood Levi B. , Roy Krishnendu , Guldberg Robert E. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceChronic nonunion following traumatic bone injury remains a challenging clinical problem, and delayed treatment of an established nonunion is associated with variable outcomes and often prolonged patient disability. Here we used a rodent model of nonunion with delayed treatment to investigate the factors that influence effective healing. We found that certain immune profiles are linked to impaired bone regeneration. In particular, increased early levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the cytokine interleukin-10 in blood are predictive of subsequent poor healing outcomes. These results suggest that the early systemic immune response to trauma can help predict the long-term effectiveness of bone healing treatments and may inform the development of immunotherapies for orthopedic repair.
From beautiful to cute
Authors: Miller Laura , Stevens Carolyn S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJapanese visual aesthetics as represented in traditional arts such as flower arranging, calligraphy and tea ceremony have long been celebrated or even emulated as exemplary expressions of beauty. The Japanese termutsukushii(beautiful) can be used to describe a wide variety of pleasing aspects of daily life, ranging from the human form to nature and even the gustatory experience. This article outlines traditional notions of beauty in the Japanese language, sketching forward to more contemporary expressions of visual culture that cluster around the termkawaii. This word is often translated as “cute” in English, but we maintain thatkawaiiextends well beyond its denotative sense to encompass a more complex spectrum of meanings. For example, it can be used to describe objects and practices which have both sentimental charm as well as dark humour. We argue that thekawaiiaesthetic has been successful because it serves important emotional and social functions. Finally, the differences between the termsutsukushiiandkawaiiare gendered and class based, withkawaiioften providing a democratic expression of resistance to gendered processes of aging, ideas of class and taste, and attractiveness in Japan’s postmodern society. This essay begins with an overview of the semantic meanings of the concepts of beauty and cuteness in Japanese, followed by a discussion focused on the historical antecedents of the Japanese notion of cuteness. The third section shifts to an analysis of the expansion of thekawaiiconcept in post-war society and its socio-cultural functions. The essay closes with exploration of a few of the hybrid offshoots derived fromkawaii, demonstrating that concepts of beauty in Japan are constantly changing and reacting to social and historical trends.
漢語語篇中語義實體的篇章可及性
Authors: Wuyun Saina , Pan Haihua 
Published: February 2021

抽象
本文在向心理論的框架下，討論漢語語篇中語句所包含的語義實體（即後指中心集合成員）顯著度等級排序的依據。這一排序是預測某一語句中語義實體相對於其隨後語句的篇章可及性的依據。我們計算並分析了漢語含「把」、「給」、「放」、「被」四類句式的敘述性語篇片段中這四類語句與其之前和隨後語句間回指中心的過渡方式。通過具體的數據分析和比對，我們發現了以下模式和傾向：(1)話題位置的語義實體是維繫篇章連貫性的關鍵，所有觀察的語句均通過話題位置的語義實體實現與其之前和隨後語句間的回指中心延續；(2)除話題位置的語義實體外，後指中心集合成員的顯著度等級排序遵循題元角色序列等級，以題元序列為參考，越靠近左端的題元角色顯著度等級越高，越有機會被作為回指及優選中心；(3)話題的顯著度不受題元序列的影響，因此漢語後指中心集合成員的排序應分為兩個層級，第一層確認話題，第二層將剩餘語義實體按照題元序列排序，該排序決定語句中每一個語義實體的篇章顯著度和篇章可及性。
The voice(s) of Julio Gómez de la Serna in Oscar Wilde’s Obras completas
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article studies the concepts of voice and of the translation pact with regard to Julio Gómez de la Serna’s
translation of Obras completas by Oscar Wilde, first published in 1943 after Franco had established his rule of
Spain. More precisely, it focuses on the two paratexts that preceded the translations and on the Spanish version of his essay
The Soul of Man Under Socialism. The study considers how the translator addressed Wilde’s homosexual scandal
and his translation of a potentially controversial text at a time when the censorship office was imposing severe constraints on
the publication of literary works. The analysis shows that Gómez de la Serna managed to circumvent these constraints while
remaining loyal to the author and faithful to his work.
Research on Intelligent Control System of High Power Soft Starter Based on Discrete Frequency Conversion Technology
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thyristor soft starter can effectively solve the three-phase asynchronous motor starting current problem, but its reduced starting current is achieved by reducing the output voltage and inevitably reducing the motor starting torque, it is difficult to use for heavy start of the occasion. A kind of soft starter based on discrete frequency conversion method is designed for the problem that the starting torque is small, the starting current is large, and the overloading cannot start. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the thyristor soft starter, this paper makes a deep research on the soft start control mode and realization method of the discrete frequency conversion without changing the main circuit structure of the original thyristor soft starter. Firstly, the soft starter hardware based on the three-phase anti-parallel thyristor main circuit and the current effective value is calculated by using high-speed A/D. Then, the soft start control strategy based on discrete frequency conversion is analyzed, with a 3kW/380V three-phase asynchronous motor for the test motor, respectively, the motor started a different way to simulate and test.
Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Catalytic Oxidation Desulfurization of High Sulfur Coal Based on Computer
Authors: Wang Aiqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coal and other fossil energy has a greater pollution, especially in the process of its combustion will bring a variety of environmental pollution problems, such as sulfur dioxide combustion, which produces more serious air pollution. Therefore, in order to reduce coal pollution, it is necessary to carry out desulfurization treatment before coal combustion. There are many shortcomings and problems in the traditional coal desulfurization methods, mainly in secondary pollution and harsh operating environment. As a mild desulfurization and purification technology, the research value of Electrochemical Catalytic Oxidation Desulfurization (ECOD) is highlighted. Based on this, this paper first analyses the process flow and desulfurization mechanism of high sulfur coal Electrocatalytic Oxidation Desulfurization (EOD) technology, and then studies the ECOD technology of high sulfur coal, and verifies the influencing factors of ECOD of high sulfur coal.
Design of Automobile Rapid Maintenance Based on Digital Maintenance Assistant System
Authors: Luo Cong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid growth of China’s automobile ownership, the profit proportion of automobile aftermarket in the automobile industry is increasing day by day, and the automobile service industry is gradually growing in the development of China’s national economy. The current automobile maintenance management software is not good and bad, most of these management software in order to meet the common possible user needs and lead to the same software function, lack of consideration for the management system of small and medium-sized enterprises, and there are certain defects in generality. At the recent 2020 China Automobile Supply Chain Conference, Wu Wei, director of the Machinery Department of the Industrial Development Department of the national development and Reform Commission, said that the production and sales volume of the automobile market had achieved a year-on-year growth for six consecutive months. If this momentum can continue in the fourth quarter, the total production and sales volume by the end of this year is expected to be close to the level of last year. Automobile fast repair refers to the activities of automobile maintenance and minor repair, but not vehicle repair, automobile assembly repair and secondary maintenance. The service scope is locked in 120 fast repair and maintenance items that can be completed within 2 hours. At present, the total number of motor vehicles in our country is huge, and the number of maintenance enterprises can not meet the demand of maintenance, so the potential of automobile fast repair market is unlimited. As the main business of fast repair industry, automobile fast repair is paid more and more attention by people. The application of digital management mode and maintenance cases creates good conditions for the development of fast repair enterprises, and makes it possible for fast repair enterprises to adopt reasonable maintenance methods. This paper focuses on the chaos in maintenance management, On the basis of the research and analysis of automobile maintenance management system and digital management concept, taking customer demand as the starting point, this paper designs a digital automobile maintenance auxiliary system specially for automobile fast repair enterprises to assist managers in maintenance management, so as to achieve the purpose of standardized management business “fast and reasonable” maintenance, and improve customer satisfaction.
Research on the Construction of Configuration Software for Building Electrical Equipment Computer Internet of Things System
Authors: Chen Deming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rapid iteration of computer information technology, the application of computer-based configuration software in building electrical equipment can further improve the functionality of the building itself, meet people’s needs for building residence, office and other activities, improve people’s living and use experience and feelings, and help to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, and reduce the use cost of buildings, therefore, it has important research value. Based on this, this paper first analyses the characteristics and application process of the configuration software of the computer Internet of things system, and then gives the construction and application strategy of the configuration software of the computer Internet of things for building electrical equipment.
Research and Development of Photovoltaic Module Intelligent Cleaning Robot
Authors: Wang Dingyou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Serious stains on the surface of photovoltaic modules will affect the efficiency of power generation and may cause fire. Therefore, the cleaning must be clean and thorough. If the dead corner is left, it may cause “hot spot effect” and other serious consequences. The effect of photovoltaic module surface fouling on power generation efficiency is quite significant. Firstly, the surface turbidity affects the light transmission rate, and then affects the radiation amount accepted by the module surface; secondly, the dirt adheres to the surface of the panel and forms shadow, which produces hot spot effect in the local part of the PV module, thus causing damage to the PV panel, affecting the power generation rate and shortening the life of the PV panel. This process will aggravate the aging of the battery panel, reduce the output, and even cause a fire in serious cases. Photovoltaic cleaning robot is a new thing. In recent years, it has been highly concerned by the majority of photovoltaic power plant owners and photovoltaic enterprises. Photovoltaic cleaning robots can not only tell stories. However, it is necessary to realize the unattended periodic cleaning, intelligent dust removal and snow removal of photovoltaic modules through low cost and high reliability, and improve the efficiency of cleaning dust on the surface of photovoltaic panels by using intelligent cleaning robots, and thoroughly remove the dust and dirt on the surface of photovoltaic panels, so as to improve the power generation efficiency. Extend the service life of photovoltaic power station. This is a real practical photovoltaic cleaning robot[1].
Research on Computer System Implementation of ISO14443B Protocol Communication Data Acquisition based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Guanjun , Liu Xuejun , Sun Wengao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a programmable logic device, FPGA can be used as a bridge for logic adaptation and timing matching between chip components. For example, in a data acquisition system, data of ten channels need to be collected at the same time. In this case, ten identical data acquisition modules can be instantiated in the FPGA to connect ten external data sensor chips respectively by taking advantage of the parallelism of FPGA, so as to realize the logical adaptation of chip devices. In certain applications such as audio processing, video processing, digital communications, encryption, decryption, etc., as a result of the FPGA computing can parallelism, and FPGA is algorithm Yu into hardware, namely a logic gate and a register, so its execution efficiency usually than machine code and assembly language of single thread special micro processing, the need to replace DSP parallel supercomputing occasions and microprocessors.
RETRACTED: The Construction Practice of National Rural Financial System Based on Computer Intensive Technology
Authors: Yu Haifeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
“Credit capital” is a key factor in eliminating adverse selection and moral hazard in the country’s rural financial market. “Internet finance mode” is an important way for small and micro enterprises to reduce financing costs. Based on computer intensive technology, this article integrates elements on the Internet platform to build a national rural financial “three-element” credit system under the background of big data, which can effectively solve the financing difficulties, high financing costs, and high financing risks of rural small and micro enterprises Paradox, to achieve a win-win situation of a “virtuous circle” of rural small and micro enterprises, Internet financial enterprises, insurance companies and government departments.