bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Premenstrual Syndrome and Depression among Female Undergraduates in a Private Nigerian University
Authors: Falade Joshua , Bello Nurudeen O. , Adelekan Emmaunual O. , Orekoya Adefolurin , Ojikakor Chioma G. , Falade Olawumi O. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Depression among female undergraduates is associated with hormonal
changes and other stressful events around the menstrual cycle.

Aim:
This study assessed the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and depression among female
undergraduates in a private Nigerian university.

Methodology:
The study was conducted at the Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti. A stratified sampling
technique was used in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire with sections on sociodemographic
schedule proforma and the Becks Depression Inventory were used to collect information
from respondents. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version
21).

Result:
A total number of 440 students were recruited. Three hundred and sixty-two (82.3%) of the
respondents had depression, with prominent mild mood disturbance (43.9%). The odds of depression
were higher among respondents older than 20 years as compared with those who were 20 years old or
younger (AOR=91.194 CI;9.326,891.774) ). Also, the odds of depression were higher among respondents
who did have not close relationships with their mother compared to those who did (AOR=
10.5, CI; 3.525, 31.33). Besides, the odds of depression were higher among those with premenstrual
syndrome than respondents without a history of premenstrual syndrome (AOR=70.06 CI; 12.018,
48.406). Finally, the odds of depression were higher among respondents with a family history of premenstrual
(AOR=0.637 CI; 0.257, 1.574).

Conclusion:
There is a need to provide services aimed at preventing and managing premenstrual syndrome
among undergraduates and screen for depression to prevent and detect mental health problems
in this vulnerable population.
The Antiproliferative Effect of Soy (Glycine max) Isoflavones Contained in a Nutraceutical on Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Cárdenas-García Maura , Jiménez-Hernández Diana , Hernández-Linares María Guadalupe , Guerrero-Africani Marcela Lucía , Cabrera-Cosme Lilia Karina 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cancer is a homogenous group of diseases characterized by the dysregulation
of normal cell physiological processes, such as proliferation, growth, and migration. In Mexico,
cancer accounts for one of the main causes of death. Among the most common types of cancer
which affect the Mexican population are breast, cervical, and colon cancers.

Objective:
In the current research, we studied the effects of phenolic compounds of soy (Glycine
max), isoflavones, available as a nutraceutical commercial product, on the proliferation of several
cancer cell lines.

Methods:
Firstly, we carried out a series of experiments of simulated chemical digestion to later determine
the integrity and functionality of active compounds present in commercial capsule products
after their chemical digestion. Later on, we performed thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet/
visible spectrophotometry, and analysis of the antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds.
We also assessed the effects on the proliferation of several cancer cell lines.

Results:
By using such techniques, we demonstrated that soy isoflavones maintained their integrity
and activity, even after being chemically digested. Moreover, our results showed several cases in
which soy isoflavones did exert a noticeable effect on cell proliferation. Though the IC50 doses
were different for each cell line, cell proliferation was, in fact, lower in all of them.

Conclusion:
Our research provides strong evidence of the compelling antiproliferative effect of
soy isoflavones in the commercial product, even after simulated digestion, in distinct types of cancer.
Hence, this represents a breakthrough to continue investigating phenolic compounds as potential
coadjutants for anti-neoplastic treatments.
Exploring Cytotoxic and Atioxidant Properties of Heliotropium calcareum in Polar and Non-Polar Extracts
Authors: Uzair Muhammad , Rashid Faisal , Shah Hamid Saeed , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Plants are a vital source of natural drugs as the traditional use of plants as
therapeutic agents for a variety of ailments has been traced back thousands of years. The utilization
of Heliotropium calcareum has been evident since ancient times for treating various disease states
like inflammation associated with gout and rheumatism, poisonous bites, and other skin disorders.
The current research work was carried out to determine the phytochemistry and biological activities
of the crude methanolic extract obtained through maceration from the aerial parts of Heliotropium
calcareum.

Methods:
The plant was collected from district Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Maximum phenolic
(74.5 μg GAE/mg) and flavonoid contents (58.99 μg QE/mg) were observed in ethyl acetate fraction.
Significant antioxidant potential was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with the highest free
radical hunting activity of 92.6 ± 6.7 μM.

Results:
Cytotoxicity assay using MTT dye was performed where non-polar (n-hexane) and polar
(ethyl acetate) fractions displayed excellent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 79.95 ± 3.718 &
164 ± 4 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the above fractions showed momentous results in cell
cycle analysis and promising proapoptotic effect against cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. An nhexane
and ethyl acetate fraction were selected for cell cycle analysis to determine the quantitative
measurement of the degree of apoptosis. According to the results given below in the figure, the cervical
(HeLa) cancer cells were treated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at various concentrations.
An increase in the cell population at G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S-phase population
concerning untreated cells suggested the G0/G1 phase arrest in n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions
treated HeLa cells.

Conclusion:
Taken together, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were found to be the most
promising and active elements of H. calcareum and may be utilized to explore their cytotoxic effects
further in the animal model.
Microwave Irradiated Solid Phase and Catalyst-free Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine Synthesis: Spectral Characterization, Fluorescence Study,
and Molecular Crystal Structure
Authors: Maru Minaxi S. , Kim Dongwon , Behal Jagriti , Jung Ok-sang 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs)
under microwave radiation is directly dealt with the concept of green chemistry. They are the class
of pharmacological agents and drugs used as Ca2+ channel blockers, and they behave as
photoelectronic functional materials to exhibit fluorescence activity because of the electrondonating
and withdrawing groups present in them.

Objective:
An efficient and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-
methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dicarbmethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (4) has been achieved under
solvent- and catalyst-free conditions using three components 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy
benzaldehyde, 3-oxobutanoic acid methyl ester, and ammonium carbonate in 25 minutes, which
was then subjected to spectroscopic characterization, single-crystal X-ray, and fluorescence study.

Methods:
The characterization methods were 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS, and elemental
analysis. The single crystal structure was developed using a mixture of Methanol: Tetrahydrofuran
and was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The fluorescence study was
accomplished in a spectrofluorometer by taking cresyl violet as a reference with two organic
solvents, methanol and chloroform.

Results:
The crystal structure is monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 11.0557(3) Å, b =
7.3544(2) Å, c = 22.4852(7) Å and β = 104.107(2)°. The used single-crystal size is 0.200 × 0.200 ×
0.200 mm3. The NH⋅⋅⋅⋅O type intermolecular hydrogen bond is observed between N(1) and O(2)
atoms. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were found to depend on the chemical nature of the
substituents available on C(4), C(2), and C(3) atoms of the 1,4-DHP ring and solvent properties.

Conclusion:
The X-ray study shows flattened boat conformation of the 1,4-DHP ring and the
presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, a major cause of the Ca2+ channel antagonist. More
fluorescence has been shown in methanol than chloroform, and the fluorescence nature of the
compound (4) may find potential application in the field of biology and chemical sensor.
Mobile App for Parental Empowerment for Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prospective Open Trial
Authors: Bonnot Olivier , Adrien Vladimir , Venelle Veronique , Bonneau Dominique , Gollier-Briant Fanny , Mouchabac Stephane 
Published: May 2021

Background
Conflicting data emerge from literature regarding the actual use of smartphone apps in medicine; some considered the introduction of smartphone apps in medicine to be a breakthrough, while others suggested that, in real-life, the use of smartphone apps in medicine is disappointingly low. Yet, digital tools become more present in medicine daily. To empower parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder, we developed the Smartautism smartphone app, which asks questions and provides feedback, using a screen with simple curves.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate usage of the app by caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

Methods
We conducted a prospective longitudinal exploratory open study with families that have a child with autism spectrum disorder. Data were recorded over a period of 6 months, and the outcome criteria were (1) overall response rates for a feedback screen and qualitative questionnaires, and (2) response rates by degree of completion and by user interest, based on attrition.

Results
Participants (n=65) had a very high intent to use the app during the 6-month period (3698/3900 instances, 94.8%); however, secondary analysis showed that only 46% of participants (30/65) had constant response rates over 50%. Interestingly, these users were characterized by higher use and satisfaction with the feedback screen when compared to low (P<.001) and moderate (P=.007) users.

Conclusions
We found that real or perceived utility is an important incentive for parents who use empowerment smartphone apps.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012135
Conflicts of Interest in “Throwaway” Dermatology Publications: Analysis of the Open Payments Database
Authors: Roman Jorge , Elpern David J 
Published: May 2021

Background
Dermatology journals, periodicals, editorials, and news magazines are influential resources that are not uniformly regulated and subject to influence from the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluates industry payments to physician editorial board members of common dermatology publications, including “throwaway” publications.

Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the extent and nature of industry payments to editorial board members of different dermatologic publications in order to ascertain differences in payments between different types of publications.

Methods
A list of editorial board members was compiled from a collection of clinical dermatology publications received over a 3-month period. Data from the Open Payments database from 2013 to 2019 were collected, and analysis of payments data was performed.

Results
Ten publications were evaluated, and payments data for 466 physicians were analyzed. The total compensation across all years was US $75,622,369.64. Consulting, services other than consulting, and travel or lodging payments constituted most of the payments. A fraction of dermatologists received the majority of payments. The top payers were manufacturers of biologic medications. Payment amounts were higher for throwaway publications compared to peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusions
Editorial board members of dermatology publications received substantial payments from the pharmaceutical industry. A minority of physicians receive the lion’s share of payments from industry. “Throwaway” publications have more financial conflict of interest than do peer-reviewed journals. The impact of these conflicts of interest on patient care, physicians' practice patterns, and patient perception of physicians is noteworthy.
A MATTER TO THINK OVER: NATIVENESS OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Celya Intan Kharisma 
Published: May 2021

A shift is happening in languages used in Indonesia, especially in English as a foreign language that must be taught as a compulsory subject in Indonesian formal education institutions from primary to tertiary levels. English takes a place in the third position after Bahasa Indonesia and the regional languages. Since English as an International Language (EIL) paradigm appears, some debates burst up whether it is native speaker or non-native speaker teacher who should teach English in outer-expanding countries. This paper provides a discussion about the issue of native and non-native speaker of English related to the selection of English teachers in Indonesian context. The issue is analysed by using a list of teaching behaviours between native English speaker teachers (NESTs) and non-native of English speaker teachers (NNESTs) examined by Medgyes (1994). A few recommendations about the issue of selecting English teacher in outer-expanding countries are presented in the end of the paper.
Combustion stability control of gasoline compression ignition (GCI) under low-load conditions: A review
Authors: Liu Leilei , Zhang Zhifa , Liang Yue , Zhang Fan , Yang Binbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With greater energy pressure and stricter emission standards, increasing power output and reducing emissions of engines are simultaneously required. To achieve this, considerable researches are motivated. In recent years, key and representative developments in the field of high-efficiency and clean engines have been carried out. Among them, a low temperature combustion concept called gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is widely considered by universities and research institutions around the world, since it has the potential to achieve ultra-low NO
X
and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. However, GCI combustion mode has certain issues to be solved, such as combustion instability under low-load conditions. Therefore, this paper reviews the experimental, computational and optical studies on the combustion stability control of GCI combustion mode during low loads and describes the recent progress to improve combustion stability as well as points out the future work finally.
Splenic and Leucocytic Responses in Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Doses of Hydromethanol Extract of Helianthus annuus Leaf in Feed
Authors: Ezeh Gladys Chinelo , Onoja Samuel Okwudili , Ezeja Maxwell Ikechukwu , Udem Samuel Chukwunyere , Anaga Aruh Otta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the effects of the hydromethanol extract of Helianthus annuus on leucocyte profile and spleen histology after prolonged exposure to Wistar rats. This study involved the incorporation of varied concentrations (2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 mg/10 g) of hydromethanol extract of H. annuus in feed and feeding same to Wistar rats for 90 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus of the rats on days 30, 60 and 90, for leucocyte count. Histopathological examination of the spleen was also conducted. The extract treatment did not cause a significant (p >0.05) change in the leucocyte profile and the spleen histology in the treated rats when compared to the normal control rats. On day 90, the total leucocyte counts of 15.24 ± 1.47, 12.69 ± 0.84 and 16.29 ± 3.36 for the groups that were treated with extract 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 mg/10 g feed respectively, were not significantly (p > 0.05) different when compared with the total leucocyte count (12.01 ± 0.77) of the control group. The findings suggest that hydromethanol extract of H. annuus do not have a significant effect on the leucocyte profile and the histology of spleen.
Modeling Supply Chain Sustainability-Related Risks and Vulnerability: Insights from the Textile Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Hashim Muhammad , Nazam Muhammad , Zia-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Abrar Muhammad , Baig Sajjad Ahmad , Nazim Muhammad , Hussain Zahid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sustainability-related risk and vulnerability management have attained significant attention from academia and industry. Manufacturing industries in developing countries such as Pakistan are under severe economic pressure and striving to boost sustainable supply chain practices for achieving business excellence. In this context, the objectives of the present research are to examine the critical supply chain risks associated with sustainable development goals, namely social, economic, and environmental factors. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique is employed for categorizing the risk factors and Pareto analysis for highlighting the more crucial and risky factors. For this purpose, a large-scale survey was carried out in the textile industries of Pakistan to develop a risk mitigation model for sustainability-related risks and vulnerability in a textile supply chain (TSC). It captures the input expressions of experts for risk factors, namely severity (s), occurrence (o), and detection (d) for calculating the risk priority numbers (RPNs) of identified alternatives. The results depict that endogenous environmental risks categorize as the most significant for the textile manufacturing industries, and the interfaces between the various risks associated with sustainability-related are also found very high. This study would be a toolkit for the industrial managers and policy-makers for creating sustainable manufacturing culture on organizational premises.
Experimental and Modelling Studies on Thermal Insulation and Sound Absorption Properties of Cross-Laid Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Yang Tao , Hu Lizhu , Xiong Xiaoman , Petrů Michal , Palanisamy Sundaramoorthy , Yang Kai , Novák Jan , Militký Jiří 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonwoven fabrics are widely used for thermal insulation and sound absorption purpose in construction and automobile fields. It is essential to investigate their thermal conductivity and sound absorption coefficient. Five cross-laid nonwoven fabrics are measured on the Alambeta device and Brüel & Kjær impedance tube. Bogaty and Bhattacharyya models are selected to predict the thermal conductivity, and Voronina and Miki models are used to predict the sound absorption coefficient. The predicted thermal conductivity shows a significant difference compared with the measured values. It is concluded that Bogaty and Bhattacharyya models are not suitable for high porous nonwoven fabric. In addition, the results of Voronina and Miki models for sound absorption prediction are acceptable, but Voronina model shows lower mean prediction error compared with Miki model. The results indicate that Voronina model can be used to predict the sound absorption of cross-laid nonwoven fabric.
Moral Music Management: Ethical Decision-Making After Avicii
Authors: Chaparro Gerardo , Musgrave George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Following the tragic suicide of Avicii (Tim Bergling) in 2018, many in the popular media, and reportedly the musician’s own family, were seen to question the ethics of decisions taken by his manager (Williams, 2018; Ralston, 2018). By applying a moral intensity test (Jones, 1991) in the form of a scenario-based questionnaire to six music managers based in London (UK), this article interrogates how and why music managers make the moral and ethical choices they do. The findings suggest that music managers are aware of ethical challenges emanating from their work, but that the relatively informal, loosely regulated nature of the music workplace complicates the negotiation of ethical and moral tensions. However, music managers’ close awareness of the ‘social consensus’ and ‘proximity’ of moral intensity suggests that cultural (as opposed to regulatory) change can help guide and inform managerial decision-making.
Economics of climate change
Authors: Żylicz Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper looks at the ineffectiveness of climate protection undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite the emission reduction measures commenced by some countries, the global emission of carbon dioxide has increased more than 40% since the adoption of the UNFCCC. The most important reason of the catastrophe is the so-called Berlin Mandate (1995), which exempts most of the countries in the world – including China that became the largest emitter in 2006 – from taking any binding commitments to reduce emissions. The Paris Agreement (2015) has been the first attempt to overcome the failure. There are a number of economic reasons why the protection process has not been successful so far. ‘Carbon leakage’ caused by the fact that most countries do not have binding commitments implies that emission from economies that impose restrictions moves to where it is not constrained. This calls for a global agreement on emission reduction. Such a global agreement requires recognition of the fact that climate protection is a public good. It is surprising that those UNFCCC signatories, who are likely to be hit by the lack of protection most acutely, hesitate to adopt effective provisions.
Legal Regulation of the Supervisory Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management
Authors: Dąbrowski Tomasz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
History and legal regulations concerning the structure and functioning of the Supervisory Board of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management are presented in this article. The introduction discusses the historical background of the Fund. Composition and appointment and dismissal of the Supervisory Board members, their rights and responsibilities, as well as the Board's tasks are described in the successive sections. Procedures of the Board's sessions and resolutions and documentation of its activities are presented. The statistics contained in the reports that the Fund's Supervisory Board submits annually to the competent minister are analysed in the final section. The paper concludes with an assessment of legal regulations applying to the Board.
Nitrate removal from wastewater generated in wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation Systems (FGD) in coal-fired power generation using the heterotrophic denitrification method
Authors: Iskra Krzysztof , Krawczyk Łukasz , Miodoński Jan M. , Wierzbicka-Kopertowska Dominika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents an assessment of the possibilities of using the heterotrophic denitrification process to remove nitrates from wastewater produced in wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) installations and also its optimization in the scope of basic technological parameters. This kind of wastewater is characterized by high salinity (even up to 40,000 g/m3), high temperature (up to 50°C) and low biodegradability, which is expressed by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The experimental rig consisted of a storage tank and a bioreactor in the form of a bed with an apparatus for measuring basic parameters (temperature, pH, nitrate nitrogen). After an initial adaptation period, a high degree of nitrate nitrogen removal from wastewater (exceeding 95% reduction) was obtained with a reaction time of 180 minutes during the denitrification rate test (NUR). It was also determined that the optimal loading range of the active surface of the bed of 300 m2/m3 should be between 1.5–2.5 gN-NO3/m2·d. The results of the study show that when the required conditions for the development of microorganisms are provided, it is possible to fully adapt the denitrification biomass to the adverse composition of wastewater from wet FGD unit.