bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry of compact plain knitted structures
Authors: Lanarolle Gamini 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical relationships to calculate the loop length to knit compact plain knitted fabrics and to validate the model using the fabric parameters of commercial fabrics.Design/methodology/approachEllipse defines the shape of the head of a knitted loop and straight lines define the arms of a knitted loop. The mathematical relationships developed relate the yarn count to the loop length of compact knitted fabrics. The experimental data and the data from previous similar research validate the accuracy of the mathematical model.FindingsThe model can calculate loop lengths to knit compact plain knitted fabrics in terms of thickness of the yarn and the coefficient defined to express the ratio of minor axis to major axis of the ellipse that defines the shape of the head of the loop. The mathematical model can deliver several loop lengths to produce compact plain knitted fabrics for different values of this coefficient. For commercial fabrics the error of the model was 0.53%.Originality/valueThe present model defines the head of the loop as an ellipse. The uniqueness of the present model is that several ellipses can exist for any given yarn thickness for a range of values assigned to the minor axis of the ellipse. The accuracy of the model against experimental data ascertains that the model is closer to the reality for commercial fabrics and proves the uniqueness of the model. Further, this model is an ideal and a simple model to introduce knitted loop configurations in teaching knitted fabric geometry.
Evaluation of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, for refractory cutaneous dermatomyositis: A phase 1b clinical trial
Authors: Konishi Risa , Tanaka Ryota , Inoue Sae , Ichimura Yuki , Nomura Toshifumi , Okiyama Naoko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDermatomyositis, an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, is characterized by cutaneous itchy manifestations, which are frequently refractory and recurrent even after intensive immunosuppressive treatments. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in treating skin‐dominant dermatomyositis in which myositis and interstitial lung disease are absent or in remission, we performed this prospective, single‐arm, interventional study. A total of five Japanese patients (one male and four females, median [range] age, 64 [37–71] years) with refractory dermatomyositis‐associated cutaneous manifestations were recruited and treated with a 12‐week course of oral apremilast. Among five enrolled patients, three experienced diarrhea with full‐dose apremilast (30 mg twice daily), two of whom withdrew from the study and recovered quickly afterwards. A total of three evaluable female patients (median [range] age, 65 [64–71] years) received apremilast treatment for 12 weeks. A 39.4% reduction from baseline Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index total activity score, but not the damage score, at week 12 was observed in all three patients. Visual analog scale of itching, and quality of life by Dermatology Life Quality Index were slightly improved in one and two apremilast‐treated patients, respectively. As apremilast was effective, with expected and recoverable digestive adverse events (diarrhea), in patients with refractory and recurrent dermatomyositis‐associated cutaneous manifestations in this first phase Ib study, it can be suggested as a possible treatment when aggressive immunosuppressive therapies with high‐dose systemic corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive agents for other manifestations, myositis, and interstitial lung disease, are not required.
Bee occurrence data collected in citizen science program “Hanamaru‐Maruhana national census” in Japan
Authors: Suzuki‐Ohno Yukari , Yokoyama Jun , Nakashizuka Tohru , Kawata Masakado 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo understand bee distributions in Japan, we started the citizen science program “Hanamaru‐Maruhana national census (Bumble bee national census in English)” from 2013, and collected bee photographs taken by citizens. Bee photographs were collected via e‐mail or “Mobile Phone System and Cloud Services” provided by Fujitsu FIP, Co. Species were identified from photographic images, and latitude‐longitude data were extracted from GPS data in Exif information of photographs or address in text of e‐mail. We have confirmed all 16 bumble bee species inhabiting in the Japanese archipelago excluding the Kurile Islands, and have got 5503 records of these bumble bees. In addition, we have got 380 records of three carpenter bee species that are often mistaken for bumble bees by citizens. This occurrence data cover the time range from September 2006 to October 2018, the latitudinal range from 26.45 to 45.29 and the longitudinal range from 127.80 to 145.82. The latitude–longitude data were rounded off to two decimal places in the published dataset for protecting privacy rights of citizens. In addition, the latitude–longitude data of five rare bumble bee species/subspecies were rounded off to one decimal place for protecting their habitats. The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2021-04.1/jalter-en.
Beating the advertising drum for the employer: How legal context translates into good HRM practice
Authors: Scheibmayr Isabella , Reichel Astrid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe legal context is constitutive for the legitimacy of HRM practices. In this paper, we use an institutional work approach to investigate how a legal mandate requiring employers to state the minimum pay in job advertisements in Austria was translated into a legitimate HRM practice over time. In this process, HR practitioners translated the law into an HRM practice going well beyond the legal requirements. In contrast to merely constraining HRM practice, we find HR practitioners actively engaging with the legal context. In the discursive struggle over a legitimate translation of the law into practice, actors speaking ‘for HRM’ were mostly HRM consultants and service providers building on an individualist and unitarist frame of reference for employment relations. Our findings contribute to a contextualized understanding of HRM practices by considering the interaction of HR practitioners and legal context.
What is the difference between marine and limnetic‐terrestrial associations of nematodes with invertebrates?
Authors: TCHESUNOV Alexei V. , IVANENKO Viatcheslav N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZoo‐ and phyto‐parasitic nematodes of the order Rhabditida and zooparasites of the subclass Dorylaimia are well known, due largely to their medical, veterinarian and agricultural significance. However, there have been many switches from a free‐living to a symbiotic (including parasitism) mode of existence in the evolutionary trajectories of various nematode clades. Here, we attempt to summarize all known cases of symbioses (from commensalism to true parasitism) between marine nematodes representing nonparasitic taxa and various larger animals, ranging from protists to vertebrates. Most cases are of nematodes relating to dwelling on crustaceans (ectocommensalism) or living in the body cavity and internal organs of various invertebrates (endoparasitism or parasitoidism). Ectocommensal species may differ from their free‐living relatives in their longer filiform bodies and enlarged ventral and caudal glands, which may be interpreted as adaptations for the purpose of fixation on the body surface of a motile host. Endoparasitic species are characterized by deep anatomical modification, including rudimentation of the alimentary tract and hypertrophy of reproductive organs. Unlike terrestrial and limnetic invertebrates, marine invertebrates have almost no intestinal nematode dwellers. The evolutionary trajectories of nematode dwellers of marine and nonmarine invertebrates are compared.
Long‐term associations of cigarette smoking in early mid‐life with predicted brain aging from mid‐ to late life
Authors: Whitsel Nathan , Reynolds Chandra A. , Buchholz Erik J. , Pahlen Shandell , Pearce Rahul C. , Hatton Sean N. , Elman Jeremy A. , Gillespie Nathan A. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Puckett Olivia K. , Dale Anders M. , Eyler Lisa T. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Hagler Donald J. , Hauger Richard L. , McEvoy Linda K. , McKenzie Ruth , Neale Michael C. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Sanderson‐Cimino Mark , Toomey Rosemary , Tu Xin M. , Williams Mc Kenna E. , Bell Tyler , Xian Hong , Lyons Michael J. , Kremen William S. , Franz Carol E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid‐life would have older than predicted brain age 16–28 years later.DesignProspective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years data from average age 40 (early mid‐life) predicting predicted brain age difference scores (PBAD) at average ages 56, 62 (later mid‐life) and 68 years (early old age). Early mid‐life alcohol use was also evaluated.SettingPopulation‐based United States sample.Participants/casesParticipants were male twins of predominantly European ancestry who served in the United States military between 1965 and 1975. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began at average age 56. Subsequent study waves included most baseline participants; attrition replacement subjects were added at later waves.MeasurementsSelf‐reported smoking information was used to calculate pack years smoked at ages 40, 56, 62, and 68. MRIs were processed with the Brain‐Age Regression Analysis and Computation Utility software (BARACUS) program to create PBAD scores (chronological age—predicted brain age) acquired at average ages 56 (n = 493; 2002–08), 62 (n = 408; 2009–14) and 68 (n = 499; 2016–19).FindingsIn structural equation modeling, age 40 pack years predicted more advanced age 56 PBAD [β = −0.144,P = 0.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.257, −0.032]. Age 40 pack years did not additionally predict PBAD at later ages. Age 40 alcohol consumption, but not a smoking × alcohol interaction, predicted more advanced PBAD at age 56 (β = −0.166,P = 0.001, 95% CI = –0.261, –0.070) with additional influences at age 62 (β = −0.115,P = 0.005, 95% CI = –0.195, –0.036). Age 40 alcohol did not predict age 68 PBAD. Within‐twin‐pair analyses suggested some genetic mechanism partially underlying effects of alcohol, but not smoking, on PBAD.ConclusionsHeavier smoking and alcohol consumption by age 40 appears to predict advanced brain aging by age 56 in men.
Panoramic smoking burden and genetic susceptibility in relation to all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality: a prospective study in UK Biobank
Authors: Song Qiying , Zhou Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsVarious smoking behaviors, including smoking initiation, age of initiation, heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation, have been individually related to the risk of mortality; however, no study has assessed these smoking behaviors jointly in relation to mortality. Our study aimed to measure prospectively the association of panoramic smoking burden (PSB), generated from the four aforementioned smoking behaviors, with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, and measure whether such associations are modified by genetic variations.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUK Biobank.ParticipantsA total of 360 937 participants aged between 37 and 73 years were enrolled in 2006–10 and ‐followed‐up to 2018.MeasurementsThe exposure was PSB, constructed based on four smoking behaviors including smoking initiation, age of initiation, heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation in a weighted method. A genetically determined PSB was also constructed with smoking‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and categorized into tertiles. The primary outcomes were all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.FindingsWe identified 15 968 deaths [9022 from cancer and 5092 from cardiovascular disease (CVD)] over a median of 11.36 years’ follow‐up. For all‐cause mortality, compared with participants with the PSB of zero, the hazard ratios of participants who had a PSB of one, two, three and four were 1.23 [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.18–1.29), 1.66 (95% CI = 1.59–1.75), 3.33 (95% CI = 3.17–3.51) and 5.76 (95% CI = 4.66–7.13), respectively. Among participants within each genetic risk category, low and intermediate PSB were associated with 45–58% reduced risk of all‐cause death compared with high PSB. Analysis of population‐attributable risk percentage indicated that 21.9, 19.1 and 24.7% of all‐cause‐, cancer‐ and CVD‐specific death could have been avoided if all ever smokers initiated smoking after age 18 years, smoked < 20 cigarettes/day and quit smoking.ConclusionsThe panoramic smoking burden, based on smoking initiation, age of initiation, heaviness of smoking and smoking cessation, appears to be associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in a gradient manner with increasing panoramic smoking burden independent of other traditional and genetic risk factors.
Bioguided isolation of a selective compound from Calea phyllolepis leaves against breast cancer cells
Authors: Da Rosa Rodrigo Bitencourt , Borsoi Guilherme , Conter Lucas Umpierre , Feistel Cleverson , Gottems Anderson Leonardo , Reginatto Flávio Henrique , Grivicich Ivana , De Barros Falcão Ferraz Alexandre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlants of the Calea genus have been reported to contain lipophilic compounds, such as sesquiterpene lactones, with cytotoxic effect against different cancer cell lines. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the chemical profile and cytotoxic activity of different fractions from Calea phylolepis leaves on different human cancer cell lines. The fractions were prepared using solvent extraction of increasing polarity, yielding hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions. All fractions were chemically analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and their cytotoxic activity against HT‐29 (colon adenocarcinoma), MCF‐7 (breast cancer), U‐251MG (malignant glioblastoma) and L929 (mouse fibroblast) cell lines was investigated. Among these, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed higher cytotoxic effects, while the methanolic fraction did not show any cytotoxic effects. The major bioactive compound from the hexane fraction (12.15%) was isolated using chromatographic methods and was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis as 6‐epi‐β‐verbesinol coumarate. This compound showed activity against breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5.8 ± 1.0 μg/ml), similar to etoposide. Furthermore, 6‐epi‐β‐verbesinol coumarate showed low cytotoxicity to normal fibroblast cells, suggesting a high selectivity index (SI = 7.39) against breast cancer cells.
Mitochondria regulate TRPV4‐mediated release of ATP
Authors: Zhang Xun , Lee Matthew D. , Buckley Charlotte , Wilson Calum , McCarron John G. 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeCa2+influx via TRPV4 channels triggers Ca2+release from the IP3‐sensitive internal store to generate repetitive oscillations. Although mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of IP3‐mediated Ca2+release, how TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+signals are regulated by mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca2+‐induced Ca2+release at IP3receptors to being independent of Ca2+influx and instead mediated by ATP release via pannexins.Experimental ApproachTRPV4‐evoked Ca2+signals were individually examined in hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using the indicator Cal520.Key ResultsTRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A (GSK) generated repetitive Ca2+oscillations that required Ca2+influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone, TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular, Ca2+waves in the absence of external Ca2+. The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not potentiate TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+signals. GSK‐evoked Ca2+waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, the PLC blocker U73122 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor blocker caffeine. The Ca2+waves were also inhibited by the extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker probenecid.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results highlight a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4‐mediated Ca2+signalling by facilitating ATP release. When mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4‐mediated release of ATP via pannexin channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger IP3‐evoked Ca2+release.
Nutritional care in colorectal cancer—what is the state of play?
Authors: Maunsell Rose , Sodergren Samantha , Hopkinson Jane , Shaw Clare , Foster Claire , Wheelwright Sally 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimNutrition is associated with aetiology and impacts outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to explore nutritional symptoms and concerns of patients with CRC and CRC dietetic resource across the UK.MethodsStudy 1 is a descriptive analysis of nutrition‐related measures in the ColoRectal Wellbeing (CREW) study, a prospective 5‐year longitudinal cohort study of a representative sample of 872 adults with non‐metastatic CRC. Study 2 is a descriptive analysis of data collected using a freedom of information request to all UK trusts/boards on dietetic resources for CRC.ResultsStudy 1 found that 31% of CREW participants wanted more diet and lifestyle advice. At 3 months post‐surgery, 10% reported poor appetite. A fifth experienced weight loss and 16% had concerns regarding weight loss 9 months post‐surgery. In study 2 just 3% of hospitals providing CRC services had a dedicated CRC dietitian (hepato‐pancreato‐biliary, 11.1%; head and neck cancer, 14.3%). There was no dietetic outpatient follow‐up of CRC patients in 72% of hospitals.ConclusionsDietetic resource for patients with CRC is scarce even though weight loss, poor appetite and unmet needs are common and persist over time. Work is needed to embed nutritional care into the management of patients with CRC.
Post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave is impaired in laryngopharyngeal and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Park Jin‐soo , Van der Wall Hans , Falk Gregory L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) result from the reflux of gastric contents. The post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) is an oesophageal reflex that facilitates chemical clearance of gastric contents following reflux events. PSPW index is a novel parameter that has been validated in assessing the effectiveness of chemical clearance in GORD, but not in LPR. This study aimed to assess chemical clearance in LPR and GORD by measuring PSPW indices in a consecutive series of patients.MethodsReviewers blindly analysed off‐therapy impedance‐pH tracings from 187 patients clinically categorized as LPR (n = 105) or GORD (n = 82) by predominant symptom profile. Conventional impedance‐pH measures and PSPW indices were analysed.ResultsMean PSPW index in the LPR group was higher than in the GORD group (39.7% (±17.7%) vs. 20.6% (±13.4%); p < 0.001). Abnormally low PSPW index (<61%) was seen in 85 (81%) of the LPR group, and 80 (97.6%) of the GORD group (p < 0.001). Area under the ROC curve for PSPW index to diagnose LPR was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.767–0.889; p < 0.001).ConclusionPost‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave was impaired in patients with LPR as well as oesophageal GORD, indicating an abnormality of chemical clearance following a reflux episode in both groups. PSPW index was more severely impaired in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The present study shows PSPW index is useful in the diagnosis of both LPR and GORD and exposes an abnormality of clearance of the oesophagus.
China and European Innovation: Corporate Takeovers and their Consequences
Authors: Henderson Jeffrey , Hooper Mike 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWhile Europe has become the principal venue for new Chinese foreign direct investment, little of it has resulted in new (greenfield) production or research and development facilities. The bulk of this investment has been used to take over European companies, outstripping Chinese acquisitions in North America by 800 per cent. While some takeovers have been of insurance, sports, luxury goods and similar non‐strategic companies, many have been of innovation‐driven firms. This article explores the reasons for the preference — by Chinese state‐ and privately owned companies — for takeovers of this type of European company. Its working hypothesis is that there are correspondences between the continuing weaknesses in China's innovation system and the fact that Chinese companies have been partially shut out of the US and Japan, leading to the focus on cutting‐edge technological acquisitions in Europe. While these correspondences cannot be proven empirically, the article suggests that, given the available evidence and the context in which it arises (particularly the Chinese government's ‘Made in China 2025’ industrial agenda), the balance of presumption must be that these are key dynamics driving China's European acquisitions programme. Amongst its conclusions, the article suggests that Chinese corporate takeovers arguably problematize the future of European innovation and competitiveness and thus the technological robustness of Europe's economic development.
Topical opioid use in dermatologic disease: A systematic review
Authors: Gutierrez Yasmin , Pourali Sarah P. , Kucharik Alison H. , Jones Madison E. , Rajkumar Jeffrey R. , Armstrong April W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTopical opioid formulations offer a potential solution to manage pain and decrease the use of systemic opioids. Synthesis of use and efficacy of topical opioids in dermatological conditions has not been well characterized. We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1980 to February 2021. This study analyzed data from 14 articles and 263 patients on the use of topical opioids for pain related to chronic ulcers, burns, oral lichen planus, photodynamic therapy, and split‐thickness skin grafts. Topical opioids included in this review were topical morphine and diamorphine. Common formulations consisted of 0.2–10 mg of opioid compounded with hydrogel or IntraSite gel. Topical opioids were variably effective in the use for pain control related to chronic ulcers and other dermatologic conditions. For example, the use of topical opioids appears to be effective in the reduction of pain related to pressure ulcers. Topical opioids were generally well tolerated. Insufficient data exist to adequately evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical opioid use in the context of nonpressure ulcers, burns, oral lichen planus, photodynamic therapy, and split‐thickness skin grafts.