bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Condition of Seagrass Beds in North Sulawesi following the implementation of Community-Based Coastal Management Program
Authors: Rizqi M P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pusomaen district in Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, was designated as one of the pilot sites for the Community-Based Coastal Resource Management Program (CB-CRMP) from 1997 - 2003. This program focused on the implementation of best-practice in coastal resource management involving multiple local stakeholders. Fifteen years after its phase-out, a study was conducted on seagrass beds in Tumbak and Bentenan village in Pusomaen district to obtain the seagrass ecosystem’s current status and condition in the former pilot sites. We observed the program’s legacy in terms of community awareness concerning coastal resource management and seagrass ecosystem. A line transect method was used to assess species diversity, coverage, and dominance in 9 stations. Environmental variables (weather, human activities, depth, clarity) and communities’ behavior towards seagrass beds (domestic waste disposal, boat anchoring) were also observed. The result showed that seven stations were in moderate, one in poor, and one in healthy conditions. There were seven seagrass species found during the observation. Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were found in all stations, dominating the seagrass coverage. We also recorded the presence of Syringodium isoetifolium and Cymodocea rotundata in several stations. The expected CB– CRMP legacies of institutionalized community-based coastal management were nearly non-existent, while negative or indifferent behavior of the general community towards the seagrass ecosystem was observed, highlighted by domestic waste disposal and boat anchoring in the seagrass beds. Consistency of program planning and financial support from local and provincial governments were needed to maintain the legacy of CB-CRMP, while regular ecosystem monitoring was also pivotal in providing scientific data for local and provincial decision-making processes regarding coastal resource management.
Adaptation strategy for Jambal Catfish (Pangasius djambal) to stress the aquatic environment
Authors: Sularto  , Hadie Lies Emmawati , Marnis Huria , Darmawan Jadmiko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Oxygen is a major element in the metabolic process of cells in an aquatic animal’s body. Water oxygen solubility fluctuations will affect the metabolic process. Acute oxygen deficiency conditions can cause physiological changes in the body of fish. The research aims to analyze morphometric characters and genetic characters as environmental pressure. Test fish used in this research are 24.21+ 0.96 cm jambal fish (P.djambal) with 223.42 + 31.23 g. The treatment provided is an environment with different oxygen solubility, i.e., low oxygen (hypoxia), high oxygen (normoxia), and high fluctuating conditions naturally as control. The observed variables include the main parameters: the extent of gills filaments, the hemoglobin levels in the blood, and the expression of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) genes. Supporter parameters are growth and mortality as well as water quality parameters. LDH gene expression analysis on jambal catfish (P.djambal) using Reverse Transcriptase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. An analysis shows the morphometric characters of jambal catfish living in a hypoxia environment (P < 0.05). The genetic character of jambal catfish (P.djambal) shows that the hypoxic environment of gene expression LDH is better than fish living in a normoxia and natural environment. Gene LDH indicates the strategy of jambal catfish (P.djambal) adaptation used in the selection program to produce jambal catfish (P.djambal) resistant to the hypoxic environment.
Skin characteristic of Pangasius Catfish in Indonesia
Authors: Sadi N H , Yoga G P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pollution of the freshwater ecosystem can cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms, especially fish. Fish skin is a multi-purpose tissue that serves as the first barrier to protect the fish from aquatic pollution and defense system against pathogens. Pangasiidae is an economically important riverine catfishes that generally exist in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. Among genera in Pangasiidae, the genus Pangasius has numerous species. Indonesia has 14 strains of this fish and 3 of them, Patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal), and Patin Pasupati (Pangasius sp.), are commonly cultured. This study aimed to characterize the skin of three Pangasius strains commonly found in Indonesia. The study was conducted at the Aquaculture facilities of the Research Center of Limnology. Three strains of Pangasius catfish were obtained from aquaculture farms. The fish were measured for the total length and body weight. The proportion of head, skin, bone, and meat was calculated. Collagen was extracted from the skin and was analyzed for type I, by ELISA methods. The thickness of the skin collagen was measured under a microscope after stained by the Masson Trichrome technique. ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the skin collagen content and skin collagen thickness. The result showed that there was no significant difference in collagen content among the fish strain, however, the collagen thickness was different.
Rainfall data Similarity Assessment of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiments South East Asia Models to Observation in the Bintan Island
Authors: Djuwansah Muhamad R. , Narulita Ida , Fajary Faiz R. , Mulyono Asep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPresent planning for sustainable water resources management should consider climate variability changes to minimize the risks of future water-related problems and hazards. Nowadays, CORDEX SEA provides the historical and future projections climatic data derived from downscaled several global climate models for Southeast Asian countries. The study intended to select the most appropriate CORDEX SEA model in projecting future rainfall over Bintan Island. The assessment of the trend and variable variation of the CORDEX-SEA models (CNRM, CSIRO, EC-EARTH, MPI, and its ENSEMBLE) to observation was carried out using statistical tests before similarity ranking. The trend similarity was confirmed using the Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope tests methods, while variable variations similarity was confirmed with the Spearman Correlation test and classed by Percent Bias (PBias). The similarities of models to observation were ranked after the least deviation of the statistical parameters. The assessment designates the MPI is the most appropriate among CORDEX-SEA models for Bintan Island. Monthly and annual rainfall trend and variability of the CORDEX SEA models in the historical, actual and foreseen future periods over Bintan Island were compared.
Analysis of potential soil fracture based on ground shear strain values in Solok, West Sumatra
Authors: Damayanti C , Sismanto  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research has been carried out to the identify ground fracture-prone areas in Solok City using microtremor data. Data collection was carried out for 94 points using a seismometer. Microtremor data generated was processed by the HVSR method. The results of microtremor data analysis produce parameters of seismic vulnerability, peak ground acceleration, and ground shear strain. The parameter used in determining the fracture prone area is the ground shear strain value. The ground shear strain value was generated from the parameters of seismic vulnerability and peak ground acceleration. From the results of the study, the value of the ground shear strain in the study area is high in the the northeast part of Tanjung Harapan sub-district with a ground shear strain value of 0.0032-0.0080. Whereas the area with a low value of ground shear strain distribution is in the middle of Solok City, precisely in Lubuk Sikarah District with a ground shear strain value of 0.0002-0.0018. Based on these data, the central area of the Solok City precisely Lubuk Sikarah District is an area prone to ground fracturing.
Geology, hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of the Carlin-type gold deposit at South Ratatotok, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Azzaman M A , Idrus A , Titisari A D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
South Ratatotok in North Sulawesi, Indonesia is one of the regions that was once a gold-producing region in North Sulawesi. Mesel gold deposit in this region is approved as Carlin type gold deposit with a total of resources of 12.25 Mt @5.21 g/t Au. Near the Mesel deposit, gold mineralization is currently discovered prospects such as Leon, Bulex Hill, Heind’s Find and Monkey Forest. This study is aimed to elucidate the types and distribution of hydrothermal alteration and ore mineralization encountered in these four prospect areas. Research methods including field work (including geological and hydrothermal alteration mapping, rocks and ore sampling) and various laboratory works consisting of petrographic analysis, ore microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and fire assay were performed. As a result, the study area is composed of several lithological units including limestone, volcanic breccia, porphyritic andesitic intrusion units as well as colluvial deposit. The wall rocks have been suffered by various hydrothermal alteration as follows: silicification in limestone, carbonatization in volcanic breccia, argillic alteration in volcanic breccia and propylitic alteration developed in porphyritic andesitic intrusion, minor decarbonatization associated with limestone and minor oxidation in volcanic breccia. Gold mineralization is present as a replacement type in very fine size of sulphides and gold is closely associated with silicified limestone. Ore chemistry by fire assay analysis indicates that gold and silver contents vary from 0.012 g/t to 2.41 g/t Au, and <0.5 g/t to 2.1 g/t Ag, respectively. The increase of gold content is geochemically followed by high values of Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn and by low value of Hg because of oxidation. Supergene process was also the key factor in the enrichment of gold where the oxidized ore has relatively higher gold grade than in non-oxidized ore.
Measurement of Power in Distribution System using DTCWT Based Signal Processing Technique
Authors: Ramana Kumar Joga S , Sinha Pampa , Kumar Maharana Manoj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Power Quality is the Major Concern in modern Electrical Distribution System. Supplying Un Interrupted Power to the customers is the first priority of distribution companies. In recent days, raise of un balanced loads the voltage levels are deviated, further causing many power quality issues. There is a constant need of monitoring the voltage, current levels of the distribution system. To achieve this, these parameters like voltage, current and power are continuously measured. Decomposed Signals are more effective than the Original Signals to analysis the Signal for detecting Power Quality disturbances. So, Signal Processing techniques are affective techniques to measure the voltage, current and Power. In this Paper, dual tree complex wavelets transform (DTCWT) is used to decompose the signal. A formula is proposed measure the power in distribution system using dual tree complex wavelet transform. The Proposed formula Validated by taking different cases and it is carried out in MATLAB Software.
CFD Modelling and Simulation of an Indirect Forced Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: Singh Rupanshu , Salhan Pranav , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Solar dryer is a conventional device used for solar drying products. There are several types of solar dryers being employed for drying fruits and vegetables. In this research, the indirect type solar dryer is studied and computational fluid dynamics is employed to simulate the process. Ansys fluent CFD software is used to simulate and obtain dynamic and thermal performance of the dryer at different operating conditions (mass flow rate). The predicted results are validated with the help of experimental results. The average velocity at the exit of the collector was 2.89 m/s for 0.0872 kg/s mass flow rate, while for a mass flow rate of 0.0447 kg/s was 1.36 m/s. The maximum temperature at the collector outlet was 44.6°C and the maximum absorber plate temperature was 69.57°C for a magnitude of 0.0872kg/s mass flow rate. The temperature profiles of the trays are also analysed and the tray closest to the collector is found to have the maximum average temperature. The results also revealed that CFD simulations are a reliable method to predict and design solar dryers.
Building a Low Carbon Indian Economy
Authors: Kathpal S , Kumar K , Kumar P , Mishra S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate change has bought unprecedented challenges to humanity. The world has witnessed the dark side of climate change in terms of rising sea level and increase in temperature of world. Low carbon emission is the key to minimize the impact of climate change. Widespread significance attached to reduction in carbon emission has given birth to the new notion of low carbon economy (LCE). The LCE suggests sustainable development of economy by minimizing the ecological damage through the adoption of green practices. The countries across the globe are aiming to become LCE. This paper provides insights into the new notion of low carbon economy and how India is moving towards the encouraging path to become low carbon economy to tackle impending climate change and balancing its developmental needs.
Environmental Carbon Footprint Assessment of a LHB Railway Coach
Authors: Singh Vivek , Verma Shalini , Gupta Abhishek , Ranjan Paul Akshoy , Jain Anuj , Haque Nawshad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indian railways play an important role on the overall development of country. As with increasing population, the numbers of trains are added for services, so does railways coaches. Consequently, the impact on environment is also increasing. This study closely examines the carbon footprint associated with railway coaches used by the Indian Railways. The system boundary is limited to manufacture of coaches itself. The railway coach of Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) bogie is considered. The calculations are carried out on the basis of weight distribution of various materials used for manufacturing of coaches and it mainly focused on global warming potential (GWP) calculation. The total GWP for an LHB coach is likely to be 62.94 tonnes CO2 equivalent. Steel is main contributor with approximately 47 tonnes of CO2equivalent, followed by plastic and stainless steel with approximately 9.8 tonnes and 3.6 tonnes, respectively.
Selection of Green Supplier in Automotive Industry: An Expert Choice Methodology
Authors: Gupta Srikant , Vijayvargy Lokesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today, businesses need to develop their strategies in managing the green supply chain to honour green practices and developments to maximize sustainability. Many managers and owners of businesses depend on green suppliers to achieve competitive advantages worldwide, but the identification of the right green supplier is a challenge for them. This research aims to identify environmental selection criteria for suppliers and establish a structure that will allow decision-makers to evaluate and prioritize green suppliers. In this study, we have taken the data from different automobile companies to analyze the importance of environmentally friendly practices, operation life-cycle, and other factors in selecting suppliers. Based on different green practices, the best supplier selection has been done by using Expert Choice software. This research contributes primarily to establishing a framework which will enable managers to identify their green supplier.
Effect of Nano Particle Based Anti-Stripping Agent on Moisture-Induced Damage for Bituminous Concrete Mixes
Authors: Singh Teekam , Swami B L , Kalla Pawan , Singh Chouhan Harshwardhan , Kumar Gautam Pradeep 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Moisture damage occur due to loss of bond between bitumen and aggregates. Ingression of water in bituminous mixes leads to various damage. The objective of this study is to investigate extent of performance of Nano particle based anti-stripping agent (Wet Bound-S) in resisting the moisture damage and improving the durability of bituminous mix. Bituminous mixes were prepared with polymer modified binder (PMB-40); optimum binder content was found using Marshall testing procedure. To check the resistance toward moisture, specimen was prepared at three void ratios of 3%, 5% and 7%, each sample set was tested in dry condition and moist condition by injecting moisture at 30 psi and 40 psi. Then each of these sample set were subjected to indirect tensile strength ratio test and dynamic creep test. Use of anti-stripping agent was done to see its effect under adverse condition. From the outcome of this study, it was observed that PMB-40 with additive exhibit more resistance to moisture.
Study of Stress-Strain Behaviour in Soil Nail Wall Using Flexible Facing
Authors: Tangri Amanpreet , Rawat Saurabh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soil nailing is a process used to strengthen the existing fill of soil. It is a cost-effective way to reinforce soil. A number of steel bars are put up into a slope during the top-down excavation. The excavation support is a very effective as well as economical way to build a retention wall to support hilltop, bridge abutments and highways. In this research, a physical model was prepared for performing experiments on various flexible materials. The nail arrangement used was of rectangular pattern consisting of six nails. The flexible materials used in the research were Jute gunny bag, bamboo fibre, and Drainage geo net. In the present study behaviour of stress and strain was studied so as to find the material suitable for flexible facing. In the present study it was found that among the three materials Bamboo fibre was able to absorb maximum stresses before its failure.
Technical Evaluation of Sustainable Cement Containing Fly Ash and Carbide Lime Sludge
Authors: Goswami Shubham , Kumar Shukla Dharmendra , Kumar Singh Pramod 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Challenges faced by the consumption of cement in construction and loads build on natural raw materials mainly limestone, have necessitated need for other sustainable alternative cementations materials. Fly ash (FA) being waste product is used in manufacturing of Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), concrete and embankments. Still effective utilization of FA in terms of quantity is not achieved worldwide. Therefore, to increase the utilization of FA, Carbide Lime Sludge (CLS) an industrial waste, is used in the current study for the production of sustainable cement. The effective utilization of FA varying (5, 15, 25 and 35%) plus 10% CLS in terms of physical properties of cement with PPC containing FA varying (15, 25, 35 and 45%) have been evaluated. The outcome from this study would help to utilize up to 45% FA plus CLS with acceptable compressive strength vis a vis saving of limestone and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
Synthesis of Al/Ce and Al/Nd hybrid mesoporous gels and their application in competitive adsorption of fluoride ions
Authors: Liang Lisi , Mi Jiayu , Li Linbo , Guo Wenlong , Zhang Ziheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To produce well loaded mesoporous aluminum-based adsorbents for defluoridation of zinc sulfate solution, novel Al/Ce hybrid gel (AC) and Al/Nd hybrid gel (AN) were synthesized with high water-soluble pseudo-boehmite as the main raw material. The properties, optimal defluoridation conditions, synthesis principle and adsorption mechanism were studied via related characterizations, experiments, and models. The results obtained revealed that the main bodies of AN and AC are AlO(OH). Ce(CH3COO)3 and Nd(CH3COO)3 are embedded in the frameworks, forming large amounts of ink-bottle type mesopores. The experimental data of both AC and AN fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacities of AC and AN for fluoride ions were 26.57 mg g−1 and 29.18 mg g−1, respectively. The larger adsorption capacity indicated that the aluminum-based adsorbent modified by Nd element for the first time has a promising application prospect in defluoridation. The adsorbents showed high fluoride ion adsorption speeds with the removal rates reaching 50.15% (AC) and 33.41% (AN) within 2 min at 50 °C, 3 g l−1. The mechanism analysis revealed that the electrostatic interaction of protonated hydroxyl with fluoride ions and coordination between rare earth ions and fluoride ions are involved in the adsorption. Ce(CH3COO)3 and Nd(CH3COO)3 embedded in the main body stabilize the structure of the adsorbents, enhance the defluoridation speeds, and provide adsorption sites for fluoride ions.
An efficient numerical model for predicting residual stress and strain in parts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Huang Hui , Wang Yiyu , Chen Jian , Feng Zhili 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Computational modeling of additively manufactured structures plays an increasingly important role in product design and optimization. For laser powder bed fusion processes, the accurate modeling of stress and distortion requires large amount of computational cost due to very localized heat input and evolving complex geometries. The current study takes advantage of a graphics processing unit accelerated explicit finite element analysis code and approximated heat conduction analysis to predict the macroscopic thermo-mechanical behavior in laser selective melting. Adjacent layers and tracks were lumped to reduce the number of time steps and elements in the finite element model. The effects of track and layer grouping on prediction accuracy and solution efficiency are investigated to provide a guidance for a cost-effective simulation. Thin-wall builds from Inconel alloy 625 (IN625) powders were simulated by applying the developed modeling approach to get the detailed residual stress and distortion at a computational speed 50 times higher than conventional approach. Under repeated heating and cooling cycles, a high tensile stress was produced near surfaces of a build due to a larger shrinkage on surface than that in central area. It is also shown that horizontal stresses concentrate near the root and top layers of the IN625 build. The predicted residual elastic strain distribution was validated by the experimental measurement using x-ray synchrotron diffraction.