bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics and Mechanisms on Diurnal Variation of Summer Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Mingcheng , Yao Xiuping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
By using multiple sets of assimilation and reanalysis data, the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in boreal summer are investigated. The results show that, the climatological precipitation tends to increase towards the southeast, while it increases in the morning, reaches a peak around 21 Beijing Time Coordinate (BTC), and tends to decay after midnight in the diurnal time scale. To understand the roles of atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes in causing the diurnal variation of summer precipitation over the southeastern TP, the atmospheric precipitation and moisture budget are conducted. The budget result shows that, there is a good corresponding relationship between the precipitation and moisture tendency in the night, and the anomalous vertical motion has a key effect on the diurnal variation of the precipitation. In the developing phase of the anomalous ascending motion (17-20 BTC), the anomalous linear vorticity (temperature) advections over the southeastern TP contribute to the anomalous ascending motion, and the major contribution arises from the anomalous vorticity (temperature) field over the western TP. Due to the negative zonal vorticity (temperature) gradient, the mean westerly winds induce positive advection that support the ascending motion.
Effect of Training Using High-versus Low-Fidelity Simulator Mannequins on Neonatal Intubation Skills of Pediatric Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Wassia Heidi , Bamehriz Maha , Atta Gamal , Saltah Hamada , Arab Abeer , Boker Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence supports the effective acquisition of skills through simulation-based training including intubation skills of neonates. Our aim is to compare the effect of using high- versus low-fidelity mannequin simulation-based training on the acquisition and retention of neonatal intubation skills by junior pediatric residents.Methods: Randomized controlled trial involving first- and second-year pediatric residents from two centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results: Twenty-eight junior pediatric residents (12 low- and 16 high-fidelity mannequins) completed the study. A significantly greater number of residents achieved and retained the required skills after completing the training course in both arms. There was no significant difference in the achieved skills between residents trained on high- versus low-fidelity mannequins at the baseline, immediately after training, and at 6-9 months after training.Conclusion: Simulation-based training is effective in improving pediatric residents’ intubation skills regardless of the level of fidelity.
Male Subclinical Hypogonadism: Mechanisms with Interplay of Reproductive Hormones, Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: matta ragaa abdelshaheed , Farrage Hazem Mohamed , Saedii Ahmed Abdelfadel , Abdelrahman Mohamed Mamdouh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) are unknown. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participate in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We studied interplay of endothelial function, unOC and reproductive hormones with SCH.Methodsamong SCH, late onset hypogonadism (LOH), and healthy eugonadal male (HC) groups, we measured sex hormones and unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired leydig cell, androgen sensitivity index (ASI) & aromatase activity respectively and regulators for LH set point. We assessed flow mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD%), carotid- intima media thickness (CIMT) and aortic stiffness index (AS) as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsContrary to LOH, SCH had higher ASI, lower E/T ratio& similar T, follicle stimulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) compared to HC, LH/ T was significant higher in LOH and lower in HC than SCH . Similar to LOH, SCH had significant lower FMD% and higher CIMT, AS, unOC & inflammatory marker and atherogenic lipid profile than HC. LH, LH/T & ucOC negatively while T positively FMD% meanwhile. LH, LH/T & ucOC positively while testosterone negatively correlated with CIMT. LH and LH/T positively while estradiol and E/T negatively related to AS. ucOC positively correlated to LH, LH/T, E SHBG & negatively correlated with T. Independent predictors were LH for FMD% & AS meanwhile LH and LH/T for CIMT.ConclusionsSCH as not impaired testicular function state is characterized by androgen insensitivity, impaired aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC and atherogenic role of LH in endothelial dysfunction.
PINK1 Mediated Mitophagy Attenuates Early Apoptosis of Gingival Epithelial Cells Induced by High Glucose
Authors: Zhu Chunhui , Zhao Ying , Pei Dandan , Liu Zhongbo , Liu Jin , Li Ye , Yu Shuchen , Ma Lingyan , Sun Junyi , Li Ang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia damages cell-reparative processes such as mitophagy. Down-regulation of mitophagy is considered to be a susceptible factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, the role of mitophagy in DM-associated periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis of human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) is one of the representative events of DM-associated periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy activated in the process of high glucose (HG)-induced hGECs apoptosis.Methods: For dose-response studies, hGECs were incubated in different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 48h. Then, hGECs were challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose for 12h and 48h, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 9 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, autophagy was evaluated by estimating P62, LC3 II mRNA levels, LC3 fluorescent puncta and LC3-II/I ratio. Meanwhile, the involvement of PINK1-mediated mitophagy was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, hGECs were transfected with shPINK1 and analyzed by MMP, caspase 9 and annexin V-FITC apoptosis.Results: The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 9 protein were significantly increased in cells challenged with HG (25 mmol/L) for 48h (HG 48h). MMP was impaired both at HG 12h and HG 48h, but the degree of depolarization was more serious at HG 48h. The autophagy improved as the amount of LC3 II increased and p62 decreased in HG 12h. During this process, HG 12h treatment induced PINK1-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 silencing with HG 12h resulted in MMP depolarization and cell apoptosis.Conclusions: These results suggested that loss of the PINK1 gene may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase sensitivity to HG-induced apoptosis of hGECs at the early stage. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose.
Efficacy And Feasibility of Telephone-Delivered Educational Intervention in Knowledge Transfer of COVID-19 Related Information to Elderly in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fung Mong Yung , LEE Yu Hong , LEE Yan Tung Astor , WONG Mei Ling , LI Tik Sze Joyce , NG E Nok Enoch , LEE Vivian WY 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEducational interventions were necessary to clarify COVID-19 related misconceptions among Hong Kong older adults. Yet, face-to-face interventions were infeasible under the pandemic. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a healthcare student-led, telephone-delivered intervention in educating older adults on COVID-19 related health topics. Feasibility, satisfaction level in subjects and impacts on volunteer students of the intervention were also explored. MethodsSubjects aged 65 or above were recruited from a community center in Yuen Long, Hong Kong. The telephone-delivered intervention consisted of 5 phone call sessions conducted by student volunteers. The first four sessions included pre-tests covering three COVID-19 related health topics. Standardized explanations were offered to all subjects during phone call. In the last session, post-tests on all themes were conducted. Paired t-test and McNemar’s test were used to measure the efficacy of intervention based on the differences in pre-tests and post-tests scores. The level of significance was 0.05. Subject satisfaction surveys and student feedback surveys were analyzed. This was a longitudinal study with no control group.Results Twenty-five subjects were recruited. Paired t-test results showed statistically significant improvement in test scores for all themes: from 76.0% to 95.3% (p<0.01) on Medication Safety, from 64.0% to 88.9% (p<0.01) on Healthcare Voucher, and from 78.0% to 93.0% (p<0.01) on COVID-19 Myth busting. McNemar’s test results showed an increase in correct rate for all questions. However, the improvement was not statistically significant in 65% of the questions due to small sample size and ceiling effect. Most subjects were satisfied with the program and improvement in mood after the program were reported. Student feedback survey suggested that the intervention enhanced students’ communication skills and understanding about older adults in Hong Kong.Conclusion Our pilot study offered initial evidence to suggest the efficacy and feasibility of telephone-delivered educational intervention in educating Hong Kong older adults and its benefits on student volunteers. Future studies should include a larger sample size and evaluate the ability of phone calls in improving subjects’ mental well-being.
Right Multifocal Renal Carcinoma with Different Pathological Types: A Case Report
Authors: Luo Yongyou , Chen Dongge , Yang Yanli , Liu Bin , Ji Puzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: There are few reports on ipsilateral multifocal renal cancer of different pathological types. The histological type determines its treatment and prognosis and requires close follow-up.Case presentation: Here we report a case of two pathological types of tumors of the right kidney. The right renal tumors of this case were chromophobe cell carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma. RCC, Vimentin, CAIX, and CD10 were positive and negative, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was low.Conclusions: The etiology and mechanism of multifocal renal cell carcinoma are unclear. The prognosis of patients is not related to the number of tumor lesions. The histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma determines the treatment and prognosis of patients. Surgical resection combined with targeted therapy is the main treatment method.
Multi-Heuristic Scheduling Methods for Workflow in Credit Cloud
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yao Yuan , Shen Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the credit cloud, credit services are sold to applications for credit computing, credit fusion and credit risk estimates. Plenty of services with different performance for the same task may have different execution time and charged by various ways. The users have specific requirements for the workflow completion time or cost. Hence, to meet the user’s satisfaction is an important challenge. In this paper, we propose heuristic scheduling methods for credit workflow with total cost minimization, and the deadline is satisfied. The problem has already proved to be NP-hard. For the mode assignment problem, a recursive heuristic method is constructed to select appropriate service for each task in the workflow. Then another heuristic algorithm based on problem characteristic is established to get a final schema with deadline constraint. We discussed the service instance rented in shareable manner with traditional un-shareable manner, which has fewer studies before. Three renting manners are discussed in detail. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Diagnosis And Management of Intrahepatic Biliary Cystadenoma: A Single-Center Experiences And Lessons Learned
Authors: Yang Yong-Guang , Chen Wei-Huang , Li Zuo-Biao , Di Xiao-Qing , Wu Yong-Jun , Li Ming-Yi , Liu Li-Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBC) is a rare benign cystic tumor of the liver with carcinogenic potential. Due to its low incidence and lack of specific clinical symptoms and signs, IBC is easily confused with other cystic liver lesions; even today, IBC mistakenly underwent fenestration and drainage according to the hepatic cyst in adverse conditions consequences for patients.Methods: The clinical data of six patients with pathologically defined IBC, admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from January, 2011, to July, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Four patients (4/6) were diagnosed with IBC preoperatively, administrated the surgery, and discharged successfully. One patient underwent single-port laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of liver cyst, cyst wall biopsy, intraoperative pathology revealed IBC, then open left hemihepatectomy. Another patient underwent laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of hepatic cyst. Intraoperative pathologic diagnosis from cyst wall biopsy showed a simple hepatic cyst, but the final pathological diagnosis was IBC. The remaining liver volume was insufficient to undergo liver resection; the patient was again referred to our institution after four months with right upper quadrant pain. Computed tomography revealed extensive abdominal nodules, considered malignant transformation, and the patient died three months later.Conclusion: Since atypical IBC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatic cysts, and we propose paying attention to cystic wall morphology and cyst fluid properties during the operation. At the same time, it is recommended that patients diagnosed with liver cysts undergo intraoperative pathological diagnosis and strengthen communication with pathologists to deepen understanding of IBC, which avoids missed diagnosis, wrong operation, or even secondary operation.
Peripheral and Neural Correlates of Self-Harm in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sparrow-Downes Victoria M. , Trincao-Batra Sara , MA Paula Cloutier , MA Amanda Helleman , Salamatmanesh Mina , Gardner William , Baksh Anton , Kapur Rishi , Sheridan Nicole , Suntharalingam Sinthuja , Currie Lisa , Carrie Liam D. , MA Arthur Hamilton , Pajer Kathleen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Self-harm in children and adolescents is difficult to treat. Peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm could lead to biomarkers to guide precision care. We therefore conducted a scoping review of research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm in this age group.
Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched from January 1980-May 2020, seeking English language peer-reviewed studies about peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm, defined as completed suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in subjects, birth to 19 years of age. Studies were excluded if only investigating self-harm in persons with intellectual or developmental disability syndromes. A blinded multi-stage assessment process by pairs of co-authors selected final studies for review. Risk of bias estimates were done on final studies.
Results

We screened 5537 unduplicated abstracts, leading to the identification of 79 eligible studies in 76 papers. Of these, 48 investigated peripheral correlates, and 31 examined neural correlates. Suicidality was the focus in 2/3 of the studies, with NSSI and any type of self-harm (subjects recruited with suicidality, NSSI, or both) studied in 1/3 of the remaining studies. All investigations used observational designs (primarily case-control), most used convenience samples of adolescent patients, predominately female, half of whom were recruited based on a disorder. Over a quarter of the specific correlates were investigated with only one study. Inter-study agreement on findings from specific correlates with more than one study was low for most correlates. Estimates of Good for risk of bias were assigned to 37% of the studies, but the majority of studies were rated as Fair.
Conclusions

Research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm is not sufficiently mature to identify potential biomarkers. Conflicting findings were reported for many of the correlates studied. Methodological problems may have produced biased findings and results are mainly generalizable to patients and girls. We provide recommendations to improve future peripheral and neural correlate research in children and adolescents, ages 3-19 years with self-harm.
Optoelectrical Nanomechanical Resonators Made From Multilayered 2D Materials
Authors: Esmenda Joshoua Condicion , Aguila Myrron Albert Callera , Wang Jyh-Yang , Lee Teik-Hui , Chen Yen-Chun , Yang Chi-Yuan , Lin Kung-Hsuan , Chang-Liao Kuei-Shu , Kafanov Sergey , Pashkin Yuri , Chen Chii-Dong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studies involving nanomechanical motion have evolved from its detection and understanding of its fundamental aspects to its promising practical utility as an integral component of hybrid systems. Nanomechanical resonators’ indispensable role as transducers between optical and microwave fields in hybrid systems, such as quantum communications interface, have elevated their importance in recent years. It is therefore crucial to determine which among the family of nanomechanical resonators is more suitable for this role. Most of the studies revolve around nanomechanical resonators of ultrathin structures because of their inherently large mechanical amplitude due to their very low mass. Here, we argue that the underutilized nanomechanical resonators made from multilayered two-dimensional (2D) materials are the better fit for this role because of their comparable electrostatic tunability and larger optomechanical responsivity. To show this, we first demonstrate the electrostatic tunability of mechanical modes of a multilayered nanomechanical resonator made from graphite. We also show that the optomechanical responsivity of multilayered devices will always be superior as compared to the few-layer devices. Finally, by using the multilayered model and comparing this device with the reported ones, we find that the electrostatic tunability of devices of intermediate thickness is not significantly lower than that of ultrathin ones. Together with the practicality in terms of fabrication ease and design predictability, we contend that multilayered 2D nanomechanical resonators are the optimal choice for the electromagnetic interface in integrated quantum systems.
TreeSp2Vec: Tree Species Embeddings of Spanish Forests Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: González-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent years, Representation Learning techniques have proved a valuable resource in many research fields for effectively mapping abstract categories into numeric scales. In this study, we developed a model for learning tree species representations using deep neural networks and data from a Spanish National Forest Inventory. Our approach was based on a supervised species classification of every tree in the dataset using as input a set of phytocentric and geocentric variables derived from forest inventory data and environmental cartography. Derived from this, we produced two sets of representations: 1) tree-level, using the units of the embedding layer, and 2) species-level, using the weights of each category in the output layer. Results: Among the tested architectures, a model with two hidden layers of 1024 units and an embedding layer of 16 units provided the best apparent and test performances (Matthew's Correlation Coefficient = 0.89). The developed embeddings were evaluated intrinsically by estimating their correlations with supplementary species descriptors not included in the training dataset. This analysis revealed some significant associations that prove the generality of the embedding model. For instance, some latent dimensions could be used for differentiating conifer vs. broadleaved species. Other dimensions were correlated with forest species diversity indexes. ﻿Conclusions: We concluded that the developed embeddings provided accurate and generalizable numeric representations of Spanish tree species that might be useful as a starting point for future research in forest modeling.
Assessing Clinical Reasoning Ability in Fourth-year Medical Students via an Integrative Group History-taking Workshop With an Individual Reasoning Teaching Programme
Authors: Lai Jian-Han , Cheng Kuan-Hao , Wu Yih-Jer , Lin Ching-Chung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The most important factor in evaluating a physician’s competence is strong clinical reasoning ability, leading to correct principal diagnoses. The process of clinical reasoning includes history taking, physical examinations, validating medical records, and determining a final diagnosis. In this study, we designed a teaching programme to evaluate the clinical reasoning competence of fourth-year medical students.Methods: We created five patient scenarios for our standardised patients, including haemoptysis, abdominal pain, fever, anaemia, and chest pain. A group history-taking workshop with individual reasoning principles was implemented to teach and evaluate students’ abilities to take histories, document key information, and arrive at the most likely diagnosis. Residents were trained to act as teachers, and a post-study questionnaire was employed to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with the training programme.Results: A total of 76 students, five teachers, and five standardised patients participated in this clinical reasoning training programme. The average history-taking score was 64%, the average key information number was 7, the average diagnosis number was 1.1, and the average correct diagnosis rate was 38%. Standardised patients presenting with abdominal pain (8.3%) and anaemia (18.2%) had the lowest diagnosis rates. The scenario of anaemia presented the most difficult challenge for students in history taking (3.5/5) and clinical reasoning (3.5/5). The abdominal pain scenario yielded even worse results (history taking: 2.9/5 and clinical reasoning 2.7/5). We found a correlation in the clinical reasoning process between the correct and incorrect most likely diagnosis groups (group history-taking score, p=0.045; key information number, p=0.009 and diagnosis number, p=0.004). The post-study questionnaire results indicated significant satisfaction with the teaching programme (4.7/5) and the quality of teacher feedback (4.9/5).Conclusions: We concluded that the clinical reasoning skills of fourth-year medical students benefited from this training programme, and the lower correction of the most likely diagnosis rate found with abdominal pain, anaemia, and fever might be due to a system-based teaching programme in fourth-year medical students; cross-system remedial reasoning training is recommended for fourth-year medical students in the future.