bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond technology transfer: Innovation cooperation to advance sustainable development in developing countries
Authors: Pandey Nimisha , de Coninck Heleen , Sagar Ambuj D 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile technology continues to be seen as a key element in the move to sustainable development, international efforts around technology to support sustainable development transitions in developing countries have failed to yield results congruent with the needs. This review paper aims to contribute to, and help change, the conversation on international technology transfer (ITT) such that it leads to more productive international cooperative efforts for sustainable development in developing nations. We examine ITT in the health, agriculture, and climate and energy areas, juxtaposing it with relevant literature. Supporting domestic and international actors and processes, we highlight what are key elements for success in these areas of action to more effectively implement the SDGs in energy and environment in developing countries. Finally, we suggest that “innovation cooperation” is a better framing than “technology transfer” for advancing international efforts on technology for sustainable development. Such a framing allows for a broader and more comprehensive perspective on technology‐related cooperation between countries. It also emphasizes the need for equitable partnerships rather than donor–recipient relationships and for development of local innovation capabilities, leading to more effective marshaling of technologies to help developing countries achieve sustainable development.This article is categorized under:Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Climate > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy Research & Innovation > Climate and Environment
Direct evaporative cooling from wetted surfaces: Challenges for a clean air conditioning solution
Authors: Tejero‐González Ana , Franco‐Salas Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvaporative cooling has a major role to play in fighting climate change and in achieving a low‐carbon economy. As it helps to reduce energy demand for air conditioning, it is gaining attention in terms of improving energy efficiency in buildings. Evaporative cooling from wetted media can enhance water–air contact, thereby improving heat and mass transfer further and avoiding aerosols. Wetted media are commonly called evaporative cooling pads and are widely used in greenhouses, intensive livestock farming, and industrial facilities. However, a deep understanding of evaporative cooling pad performance can enhance their application to indoor occupied spaces such as residential or commercial cooling, or in hybrid air conditioning systems. Most studies analyze pad performance mainly in terms of pressure drop and saturation effectiveness. However, some studies propose alternative cooling efficiency parameters and others provide insights into key aspects such as power requirements and the coefficient of performance, water consumption, risk of water entrainment, material decay, and air quality, as well as the effect of water temperature and salinity, solar radiation, or wind speed. Existing results on these less studied performance issues are reviewed, and we identify the gaps in the literature in addition to highlighting the main challenges encountered, in an effort to guide future researchers in the field and enhance the application of direct evaporative cooling.This article is categorized under:
Energy Efficiency > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure
Exact expressions for n-point maximal U(1)Y-violating integrated correlators in SU(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Green Michael B. , Wen Congkao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The exact expressions for integrated maximal U(1)Y violating (MUV) n-point correlators in SU(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are determined. The analysis generalises previous results on the integrated correlator of four superconformal primaries and is based on supersymmetric localisation. The integrated correlators are functions of N and τ = θ/(2π) + 4πi/$$ {g}_{YM}^2 $$

g
YM
2

, and are expressed as two-dimensional lattice sums that are modular forms with holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights (w, −w) where w = n − 4. The correlators satisfy Laplace-difference equations that relate the SU(N+1), SU(N) and SU(N−1) expressions and generalise the equations previously found in the w = 0 case. The correlators can be expressed as infinite sums of Eisenstein modular forms of weight (w, −w). For any fixed value of N the perturbation expansion of this correlator is found to start at order ($$ {g}_{YM}^2 $$

g
YM
2

N)w. The contributions of Yang-Mills instantons of charge k > 0 are of the form qkf(gYM), where q = e2πiτ and f(gYM) = O($$ {g}_{YM}^{-2w} $$

g
YM

−
2
w

) when $$ {g}_{YM}^2 $$

g
YM
2

≪ 1. Anti-instanton contributions have charge k < 0 and are of the form $$ {\overline{q}}^{\left|k\right|}\hat{f}\left({g}_{YM}\right) $$

q
¯

k

f
̂

g
YM

, where $$ \hat{f}\left({g}_{YM}\right)=O\left({g}_{YM}^{2w}\right) $$

f
̂

g
YM

=
O

g
YM

2
w

when $$ {g}_{YM}^2 $$

g
YM
2

≪ 1. Properties of the large-N expansion are in agreement with expectations based on the low energy expansion of flat-space type IIB superstring amplitudes. We also comment on the identification of n-point free-field MUV correlators with the integrands of (n − 4)-loop perturbative contributions to the four-point correlator. In particular, we emphasise the important rôle of SL(2, ℤ)-covariance in the construction.
Post‐operative Day 1 Serum Transaminase Levels in Relation to Morbidity After Liver Resection
Authors: de Klein G. W. , Brohet R. M. , Liem M. S. L. , Klaase J. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative serum transaminases have been proposed as possible early predictors of morbidity after liver resection. This study aimed to verify the clinical value of post‐operative serum transaminases.MethodsClinical data from 2001 to 2016 in a single non‐academic referral HPB center were collected from a prospectively held database. Post‐operative day 1 serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were tested for their relationship with post‐operative major morbidity, defined by a Clavien‐Dindo score 3 or higher, and mortality.ResultsFor this analysis, 371 patients were included, including 149 (40%) undergoing major liver resections. In total, 17% of the patients developed major morbidity. Stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that AST, and not ALT, is an independent predictor for major morbidity (p = 0.017). The probability of major morbidity significantly increased with increasing AST values. A threshold value of 242 U/L was found to be predictive for one or more major complications.ConclusionsIn this study, post‐operative serum AST on day 1 was a predictive factor for major morbidity after liver resection. For patients with low AST value, early discharge could be considered. However, because of the substantial inter‐individual variability of AST values, more studies are needed to translate these results into clinical practice.
Optimization of capacity expansion in potential-driven networks including multiple looping: a comparison of modelling approaches
Authors: Lenz Ralf , Becker Kai Helge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn commodity transport networks such as natural gas, hydrogen and water networks, flows arise from nonlinear potential differences between the nodes, which can be represented by so-called potential-driven network models. When operators of these networks face increasing demand or the need to handle more diverse transport situations, they regularly seek to expand the capacity of their network by building new pipelines parallel to existing ones (“looping”). The paper introduces a new mixed-integer nonlinear programming model and a new nonlinear programming model and compares these with existing models for the looping problem and related problems in the literature, both theoretically and experimentally. On this basis, we give recommendations to practitioners about the circumstances under which a certain model should be used. In particular, it turns out that one of our novel models outperforms the existing models with respect to computational time, the number of solutions found, the number of instances solved and cost savings. Moreover, the paper extends the models for optimizing over multiple demand scenarios and is the first to include the practically relevant option that a particular pipeline may be looped several times.
DNA methylation-based classification of malformations of cortical development in the human brain
Authors: Jabari Samir , Kobow Katja , Pieper Tom , Hartlieb Till , Kudernatsch Manfred , Polster Tilman , Bien Christian G. , Kalbhenn Thilo , Simon Matthias , Hamer Hajo , Rössler Karl , Feucht Martha , Mühlebner Angelika , Najm Imad , Peixoto-Santos José Eduardo , Gil-Nagel Antonio , Delgado Rafael Toledano , Aledo-Serrano Angel , Hou Yanghao , Coras Roland , von Deimling Andreas , Blümcke Ingmar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMalformations of cortical development (MCD) comprise a broad spectrum of structural brain lesions frequently associated with epilepsy. Disease definition and diagnosis remain challenging and are often prone to arbitrary judgment. Molecular classification of histopathological entities may help rationalize the diagnostic process. We present a retrospective, multi-center analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation from human brain specimens obtained from epilepsy surgery using EPIC 850 K BeadChip arrays. A total of 308 samples were included in the study. In the reference cohort, 239 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were histopathologically classified as MCD, including 12 major subtype pathologies. They were compared to 15 FFPE samples from surgical non-MCD cortices and 11 FFPE samples from post-mortem non-epilepsy controls. We applied three different statistical approaches to decipher the DNA methylation pattern of histopathological MCD entities, i.e., pairwise comparison, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms. Our deep learning model, which represented a shallow neuronal network, achieved the highest level of accuracy. A test cohort of 43 independent surgical samples from different epilepsy centers was used to test the precision of our DNA methylation-based MCD classifier. All samples from the test cohort were accurately assigned to their disease classes by the algorithm. These data demonstrate DNA methylation-based MCD classification suitability across major histopathological entities amenable to epilepsy surgery and age groups and will help establish an integrated diagnostic classification scheme for epilepsy-associated MCD.
Heartburn as a Marker of the Success of Acid Suppression Therapy in Chronic Cough
Authors: Badri H. , Satia I. , Bansal V. , Mangi M. A. , Tangaroonsanti A. , DeVault K. R. , Lee A. S. , Houghton L. A. , Smith J. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is commonly thought to play an important role in chronic cough and patients are often empirically treated with acid suppression therapy. We sought to investigate the response rate to acid suppression treatment in patients with and without heartburn attending two specialist cough clinics.

Methods
A retrospective review of 558 consecutive patients referred to two specialist cough clinics was performed (UK and USA). Patients who were treated with acid suppression were included and their documented response to treatment was collected. Binary logistic regression was used to ascertain the value of reported heartburn in predicting the response of chronic cough to acid suppression therapy.

Results
Of 558 consecutive referrals, 238 patients were excluded due to missing data or cough duration of < 8 weeks. The remaining 320 patients were predominantly female (76%), with mean age 61 yrs (± 13) and 96.8% non-smokers, with chronic cough for 36 (18–117) months. Of 72 patients with heartburn, 20 (28%) noted improvement in their cough with acid suppression, whereas of 248 without heartburn, only 35 (14%) responded. Patients reporting heartburn were 2.7 (95% C.I. 1.3–5.6) times more likely to respond to acid suppression therapy (p = 0.007).

Conclusion
In specialist cough clinics, few patients report a response of their chronic cough to acid suppression therapy. Nonetheless, heartburn is a useful predictor substantially increasing the likelihood of benefit.
Performance with robotic surgery versus 3D- and 2D­laparoscopy during pancreatic and biliary anastomoses in a biotissue model: pooled analysis of two randomized trials
Authors: Zwart Maurice J. W. , Jones Leia R. , Fuente Ignacio , Balduzzi Alberto , Takagi Kosei , Novak Stephanie , Stibbe Luna A. , de Rooij Thijs , van Hilst Jony , van Rijssen L. Bengt , van Dieren Susan , Vanlander Aude , van den Boezem Peter B. , Daams Freek , Mieog J. Sven D. , Bonsing Bert A. , Rosman Camiel , Festen Sebastiaan , Luyer Misha D. , Lips Daan J. , Moser Arthur J. , Busch Olivier R. , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Hogg Melissa E. , Stommel Martijn W. J. , Besselink Marc G. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group, Stibbe Luna A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Robotic surgery may improve surgical performance during minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy as compared to 3D- and 2D-laparoscopy but comparative studies are lacking. This study assessed the impact of robotic surgery versus 3D- and 2D-laparoscopy on surgical performance and operative time using a standardized biotissue model for pancreatico- and hepatico-jejunostomy using pooled data from two randomized controlled crossover trials (RCTs).

Methods
Pooled analysis of data from two RCTs with 60 participants (36 surgeons, 24 residents) from 11 countries (December 2017–July 2019) was conducted. Each included participant completed two pancreatico- and two hepatico-jejunostomies in biotissue using 3D-robotic surgery, 3D-laparoscopy, or 2D-laparoscopy. Primary outcomes were the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS: 12–60) rating, scored by observers blinded for 3D/2D and the operative time required to complete both anastomoses. Sensitivity analysis excluded participants with excess experience compared to others.

Results
A total of 220 anastomoses were completed (robotic 80, 3D-laparoscopy 70, 2D­laparoscopy 70). Participants in the robotic group had less surgical experience [median 1 (0–2) versus 6 years (4–12), p < 0.001], as compared to the laparoscopic group. Robotic surgery resulted in higher OSATS ratings (50, 43, 39 points, p = .021 and p < .001) and shorter operative time (56.5, 65.0, 81.5 min, p = .055 and p < .001), as compared to 3D- and 2D­laparoscopy, respectively, which remained in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion
In a pooled analysis of two RCTs in a biotissue model, robotic surgery resulted in better surgical performance scores and shorter operative time for biotissue pancreatic and biliary anastomoses, as compared to 3D- and 2D-laparoscopy.
Residual stresses in gas tungsten arc welding: a novel phase-field thermo-elastoplasticity modeling and parameter treatment framework
Authors: Ali Baharin , Heider Yousef , Markert Bernd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fusion welding process of metallic components, such as using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), is often accompanied by detrimental deformations and residual stresses, which affect the strength and functionality of these components. In this work, a phase-field model, usually used to track the states of phase-change materials, is embedded in a thermo-elastoplastic finite element model to simulate the GTAW process and estimate the residual stresses. This embedment allows to track the moving melting front of the metallic material induced by the welding heat source and, thus, splits the domain into soft and hard solid regions with a diffusive interface between them. Additionally, temperature- and phase-field-dependent material properties are considered. The J2 plasticity model with isotropic hardening is considered. The coupled system of equations is solved in the FE package FEniCS, whereas two- and three-dimensional initial-boundary-value problems are introduced and the results are compared with reference data from the literature.
Clinical and MRI findings in lumbar spinal stenosis: baseline data from the NORDSTEN study
Authors: Aaen Jørn , Austevoll Ivar Magne , Hellum Christian , Storheim Kjersti , Myklebust Tor Åge , Banitalebi Hasan , Anvar Masoud , Brox Jens Ivar , Weber Clemens , Solberg Tore , Grundnes Oliver , Brisby Helena , Indrekvam Kari , Hermansen Erland 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients planned for lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. Further, to describe possible associations between MRI findings and patient characteristics with patient reported disability or pain.

Methods
The NORDSTEN spinal stenosis trial included 437 patients planned for surgical decompression of LSS. The following MRI findings were evaluated before surgery: morphological (Schizas) and quantitative (cross-sectional area) grade of stenosis, disk degeneration (Pfirrmann), facet joint tropism and fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle. Patients were dichotomized into a moderate or severe category for each radiological parameter classification. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between MRI findings and preoperative scores for Oswestry Disability Index, Zurich Claudication Questionnaire and Numeric rating scale for back and leg pain. The following patient characteristics were included in the analysis: gender, age, smoking and weight.

Results
The percentage of patients with severe scores was as follows: Schizas (C + D) 71.3%, cross-sectional area (< 75 mm2) 86.8%, Pfirrmann (4 + 5) 58.1%, tropism (≥ 15°) 11.9%, degeneration of multifidus muscle (2–4) 83.7%. Regression coefficients indicated minimal changes in severity of symptoms when comparing the groups with moderate and severe MRI findings. Only gender had a significant and clinically relevant association with ODI score.

Conclusion
In this cross-sectional study, the majority of the patients had MRI findings classified as severe LSS changes, but the findings had no clinically relevant association with patient reported disability and pain at baseline. Patient characteristics have a larger impact on disability and pain than radiological findings.

Trial registration
www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02007083, registered December 2013.
Educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour in adolescence and early adulthood: the role of social causation and health-related selection—the TRAILS study
Authors: Schmengler Heiko , Peeters Margot , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Kunst Anton E. , Hartman Catharina A. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial causation and health-related selection may contribute to educational differences in adolescents’ attention problems and externalizing behaviour. The social causation hypothesis posits that the social environment influences adolescents’ mental health. Conversely, the health-related selection hypothesis proposes that poor mental health predicts lower educational attainment. From past studies it is unclear which of these mechanisms predominates, as attention problems and externalizing behaviour have the potential to interfere with educational attainment, but may also be affected by differences in the educational context. Furthermore, educational gradients in mental health may reflect the impact of ‘third variables’ already present in childhood, such as parental socioeconomic status (SES), and IQ. We investigated both hypotheses in relation to educational differences in externalizing behaviour and attention problems throughout adolescence and young adulthood. We used data from a Dutch cohort (TRAILS Study; n = 2229), including five measurements of educational level, externalizing behaviour, and attention problems from around age 14–26 years. First, we evaluated the directionality in longitudinal associations between education, externalizing behaviour, and attention problems with and without adjusting for individual differences using fixed effects. Second, we assessed the role of IQ and parental SES in relation to attention problems, externalizing behaviour, and educational level. Attention problems predicted decreases in education throughout all of adolescence and young adulthood. Differences in parental SES contributed to increases in externalizing behaviour amongst the lower educational tracks in mid-adolescence. Childhood IQ and parental SES strongly predicted education around age 14. Parental SES, but not IQ, also predicted early adolescent attention problems and externalizing behaviour. Our results provide support for the health-related selection hypothesis in relation to attention problems and educational attainment. Further, our results highlight the role of social causation from parental SES in determining adolescent educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour.
Flow Separation Dynamics in Three-Dimensional Asymmetric Diffusers
Authors: Hajaali Arthur , Stoesser Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mean and instantaneous flow separation of two different three-dimensional asymmetric diffusers is analysed using the data of large-eddy simulations. The geometry of both diffusers under investigation is based on the experimental configuration of Cherry et al. (Int J Heat Fluid Flow 29(3):803–811, 2008). The two diffusers feature similar area ratios of $$\mathrm{AR}=4.8$$

AR
=
4.8

and $$\mathrm{AR}=4.5$$

AR
=
4.5

while exhibiting differing asymmetric expansion ratios of $$\mathrm{AER}=4.5$$

AER
=
4.5

or $$\mathrm{AER}=2.0$$

AER
=
2.0

, respectively. The Reynolds number based on the averaged inlet velocity and height of the inlet duct is approximately $${\textit{Re}}=10{,}000$$

Re
=
10
,
000

. The time-averaged flow in both diffusers in terms of streamwise velocity profiles or the size and location of the mean backflow region are validated using experimental data. In general good agreement of simulated results with the experimental data is found. Further quantification of the flow separation behaviour and unsteadiness using the backflow coefficient reveals the volume portion in which the instantaneous reversal flow evolves. This new approach investigates the cumulative fractional volume occupied by the instantaneous backflow throughout the simulation, a power density spectra analysis of their time series reveals the periodicity of the growth and reduction phases of the flow separation within the diffusers. The dominating turbulent events responsible for the formation of the energy-containing motions including ejection and sweep are examined using the quadrant analysis at various locations. Finally, isourfaces of the Q-criterion visualise the instantaneous flow and the origin and fate of coherent structures in both diffusers.