bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A different story of modern economic science
Authors: Bazzichi Oreste , Reali Fabio 
Published: September 2021

This paper wants to demonstrate a scenario where it is evident that the medieval society, starting from the monasticism of St. Benedict (famous motto of «ora et labora») and continuing with the Franciscan School, conserves many elements and ideas of intellectual interest that have a reverberation still valid for today, especially concerning the relationship of man with the economy.
The age of the Late Middle Ages in Europe laid the foundations of modern economic science, giving impulse to quite singular reflections gathered from the interpretation of reality, in a typically «Franciscan» key, grasping in the fraternity (franciscan fraternitas) the anthropological and ontological element for the good living in the communitas and for the integral sustainability, therefore, valid also for the economy. It resulted, in fact, the first economic and commercial lexicon that will spread throughout Europe, by the work of important disciples of St. Francis, who grasped a new «spirit» of making economy, completely original, countercurrent, contradicting the prevailing thesis of Max Weber.
But Franciscan humanism still offers, even today, the anthropological, social, and cultural presuppositions for a shift of paradigm within the economic discourse, based on the person with all his inclinations and necessities, presuppositions that are already visible in the experience of the Economy of Communion in Freedom, born on May 29, 1991, among the misery of Brazil, to solve the social and economic problem of this time.
This revolution of the late Middle Ages, social and market, which was also intellectual and aimed at facing the poverty and injustice of that time, is still repeated today with new faces, experiences, and theories.
Booster Dose of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccine for Tuberculosis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oduwole OA , Mwankon JP , Okebe J , Esu EB , Chibuzor M , Sallahdeen A , Arikpo DI , Meremikwu C , Effa EE , Meremikwu MM 
Published: September 2021

Background: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, given as a single dose, offers variable protection against Tuberculosis (TB). It is plausible that repeat doses could improve the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in settings where the population remain at risk of the disease.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of BCG revaccination as a booster dose in preventing TB in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs).
Methods: We searched the electronic databases without language or publication restrictions and followed the procedures for preparing systematic reviews, including assessing the risk of bias as outlined in the Cochrane handbook. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in LMICs involving children and adults receiving one or more BCG vaccine doses after the primary BCG vaccination. The incidence of severe forms of TB, active TB and adverse events were the primary outcomes.
Results: Five RCTs were included in this systematic review. Revaccination with BCG probably makes little or no difference to the risk of active TB measured after five years (Relative risk (RR) 1.16, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.51; 348,083 participants; one study, moderate certainty evidence) or nine years post-revaccination (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12; 348,083 participants; one study, moderate certainty evidence). In populations with HIV co-infection, revaccination probably increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis compared to placebo (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.01; 46,764 participants; one study, moderate certainty evidence).
Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that BCG revaccination probably makes little or no difference in preventing tuberculosis disease in LMICs.
A Report on the History of the Acheulean Industry of Mai Idon Toro in the Central-Region of Nigeria
Authors: Agai Jock Matthew 
Published: September 2021

The last time the Acheulean tools at Mai Idon Toro (NAFOK) were collected and studied scientifically by different archaeologists/historians for the purpose of national and international patronage was in the 1920s through the 1960s. After the 60s up-to-date, many writers have been writing about the Acheulean tools in NAFOK without having a physical contact with the tools or without having a direct understanding of the dilapidated state of the Acheulean site in NAFOK. More so, in the process of this study, I have not come across any single library material that deals specifically and wholly with the Acheulean industry in NAFOK, instead; the subject is casually or indirectly referenced as secondary. The information from the secondary sources I collected about NAFOK was peripheral and in distinct pieces seemingly because a specific author had not wholly dealt with the subject. This instigated the need to visit the Acheulean site in NAFOK in search of primary sources or information. This research is a study of the history of the researches done strictly about NAFOK and its Acheulean finds. The aims of this research are first, to give an update on the history of researches done about the Acheulean in NAFOK and second, to create further awareness on the need to encourage the patronage of public archaeology among Nigerians using the Acheulean site in NAFOK as a case study.
Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The presence of fossils and bones of early humans found in Eastern, Northern and Southern Africa are often referred to as the “direct evidence” for the existence of early humans in these regions of Africa. This is so because there is a view among many archaeologists, anthropologists and paleontologists according to which bones are reliable evidence for the existence of early humans than stone tools. Bone tools or bone evidence for the existence of early humans in West Africa is scanty. Archaeologists rely on stone tools to explain the probable existence of early humans in West Africa and the stone tools are referred to as “indirect evidence.” It is likely that early humans might have lived in NAFOK not because direct evidence has been found but indirect evidence. This research is a study of the indirect evidence found in NAFOK for the existence of early humans. Historical archeologists and students of anthropology and West African history would find this research of great benefit because it discusses the contentious history of the view according to which early humans lived in NAFOK millions of years ago.
Pralina Bhumi: Imajinasi Pandemi Covid-19 Kedalam Karya Fotografi Ekspresi
Authors: Bayu Pramana I Made 
Published: September 2021

Wabah Covid-19 yang sedang menyerang kesehatan manusia di seluruh dunia, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Untuk mengurangi resiko penularan, pemerintah menyarankan agar masyarakat berdiam diri di rumah. Hal tersebut juga menyulitkan untuk berkarya seni khususnya fotografi yang relatif lebih sering dilakukan di luar ruangan. Untuk itu, pencipta mencoba untuk menggali ide dasar melakukan kegiatan penciptaan karya fotografi ekspresi terkait tema penyebaran Covid-19 dengan tetap memperhatikan prinsip keamanan dari transmisi penularan virus. Salah satunya adalah dengan memotret benda benda sederhana yang ada di sekitar pencipta yang diimajinasikan serta dikreasikan mentrasformasikan imaji kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh pandemi Covid-19. Berbagai rekaman realitas berupa penguraian benda yang perlahan menuju pengerusakan secara fisik yang lebih dominan berupa tekstur-tekstur kasar tidak beraturan tersebut akan disajikan dalam media fotografi berwarna agar detail, dimensi, pencahayaan, serta karakter dari kehancuran fisik dapat tampil optimal dalam saturasi dan tonasi tinggi. Pemilihan genre foto ekspresi digunakan memvisualisasikan karya fotografi yang merefleksikan kenyataan ke dalam sebuah karya yang bentuk dan isinya memiliki daya untuk membangkitkan pengalaman tertentu didalam rohani si penerima. Selain itu, foto ekspresi juga digunakan sebagai salah satu cara dalam mengkomunikasikan sebuah pesan dari seniman kepada para penerima pesan dengan memerhatikan aspek keindahan.
Author-level metrics: Its impact on scholarly output evaluation among various publication metrics
Authors: Shah Jay N 
Published: September 2021

Publication metrics indicate the visibility and reach of a research publication. The metrics can be at article-level, author-level, and journal-level to measure the scholarly output and its impact. Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods to analyze various publications mostly used in the field of library and information science; whereas, scientometrics is the sub-field concerned with the science of metrics for the measurement and analysis of scholarly publications. Readers are not always well informed about the various publication metrics, and use them without knowing how to interpret them, their strength and limitations.
بررسی حوزۀ معنایی اصطلاحات قانونی درزبان فارسی
Authors: Mohamed Nagla Ismail , Salman Nahla Daoud 
Published: September 2021

پژوهنده در این تحقیق به بررسی معنایی واژگان حقوقی در اسناد اداری حقوقی پرداخته وروابط معنایی میان این کلمات را بر طبق آنچه در تئوری های حوزه های معنایی هست ، بیان می کند .
هدف این تحقیق ، دستیابی به کلمات بسیاری مخصوص هر حوزۀ معنایی می شود ومعانی آنها را که در خدمت مترجم در بازار کار واقع شود ، بیان می کند .
البنية الجينية وأثرها الشرعي والاجتماعي في فقهنا الاسلامي المعاصر
Authors: Al-Jubouri Khatam Muzhar Hamad Hassoun 
Published: September 2021

يدرس هذا البحث البنية الجينية أو البصمة الوراثية : أي هوية كل فرد بعينه إذْ تُعدَّ وسيلة تمتاز بالدقة لتسهيل مهمة الطب الشرعي لمعرفة والتحقق من الشخصية المراد معرفتها ومعرفة الصفات الوراثية لها وذلك بوساطة أخذها من أي خلية من الدم أو اللعاب أو المني أو الإدرار أو غيره إذْ يُعدَّ الطب الشرعي له دوراً مهماً في هذا الجانب ومع كل التقدم العلمي الرهيب في كل مجالات الكون والانسان والحياة إلا انه لم يحدث اي تناقض بين قول الهي ثابت في القرآن الكريم والسنة المطهرة وبين أي قاعدة وحقيقة علمية ثابتة بل ان القرآن الكريم تطرق إلى جملة من الحقائق العلمية اكتشفها العلم الحديث بعد حفنة من السنوات وجدها غاية في الدقة سواء في مجال مراحل الاجنة وكيفية خلقها أو في مجالات خلق الكون واصله وعناصره الأساسية وغير ذلك وهذا ان دل على شيء يدل على وجود عظمة الخالق وصدق الرسالة المحمدية وصلاحيتها لكل زمان ومكان وشموليتها وقدرتها على البقاء والاستمرار ومواكبة العصر مهما تطور وتقدم.
لذا تمثل البنية الجينية في فقهنا الاسلامي المعاصر الدور البالغ في اثبات الجرائم والمنسب أو نفيه فيها وكذا مجالات استعمالاتها منها لمجهول النسب واللقيط ومنع الوصول إلى اللعان وفي حالة وطيء الشبهة وتبادل المواليد في المستشفيات وأمور أخرى غاية في الأهمية في طيات هذا البحث وليس المخبر كالمعانين.
آثر التجوية الملــحية على الابنية العمرانية في مدينة بلدروز
Authors: Abd Yasser Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

تعاني العديد من الأبنية العمرانية في مدينة بلدروز من تأثير التجوية الملحية التي تنشط بشكل كبير، بسبب توافر الظروف الملائمة لذلك من: رطوبة ،وامطار، وارتفاع في درجات الحرارة ،ونسب التبخر، والتي تعمل سويا على نشاط التجوية الملحية، فبعد تبخر الرطوبة التي اكتسبتها جدران المباني من الأمطار والرطوبة الجوية تأخذ الأملاح بالتبلور فيها، ثم تبدأ عملية التجوية بالظهور على شكل بقع مائلة الى البياض في جدران المباني، وتتطور لتصبح على شكل رقائق ملحية، بعدها تأخذ الجدران بالتقشر ودفع المواد الأسمنتية التي تغطي تلك الجدران والتي تعرف بـ(اللبخ)، وتتآكل شيئا فشيئا بعد أن يزداد تبلور الأملاح بشكل اكبر الى أن تتحطم وتنهار اجزاء كبيرة من مواد البناء لتلك المباني حتى تصبح جدرانها مشوهة، ولن تتوقف عملية التجوية الملحية في الجدران مادامت الظروف مهيئة لذلك، إذ لا تقتصر على تقشير الجدران وإزالة المواد الإسمنتية (اللبخ) الذي تغطيها فحسب، بل تستمر بنشاطها مؤدية الى تأكل الطابوق الذي بنيت به تلك الجدران، وخاصة التي استعمل في تشييدها مادة الطابوق التي انتجت في معامل طابوق بلدروز, والتي تعد من مواد البناء التي تحوي نسبة عالية من الملوحة، بسبب كون التربة التي يصنع منها الطابوق مالحة جدا، وهذا ما بينته نتائج تحليل نماذج من مواد بناء المباني المتأثرة بالتجوية الملحية، إذ انحصرت النتائج بين (25,2-78,3 dsm) والتي تعد نسبة عالية جدا حسب التصنيف الامريكي للترب المتأثرة بالملوحة، وتظهر جدران كثير من المباني في المدينة مشوهة، بسبب نشاط ظاهرة التجوية الملحية فيها.
Pediatric Liver Transplantation as Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Rare Metabolic Diseases with No Structural Liver Damage
Authors: Celik Neslihan , Emiroglu Remzi 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Very rare monogenic metabolic diseases without structural liver damage can be cured by liver transplantation. This process is a surgical enzyme replacement therapy, and defective enzymes may or may not be confined to the liver. The aims of this single center study of children with metabolic diseases showing structurally normal liver parenchyma were to analyze the indications and post-operative outcomes of liver transplantation, identification of developmental and metabolic benefits of the procedure with recognition of peri-operative difficulties to improve the success rate.
Materials and Methods: Patients under the age of 19-year-old who underwent liver transplantation for metabolic disorders with no structural liver injury between January 2015 and June 2021 analyzed retrospectively. Patient and graft survivals, indications for transplantation, presence of extra-hepatic enzyme deficiency causing other organ damage, inclusion of simultaneous or sequential kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive protocols, post-transplant complications, and metabolic outcomes were identified.
Results: Eight children with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (n = 4), Maple syrup urine disease (n = 1), Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1 (n=1), familial hypercholesterolemia (n=1) and propionic acidemia (n = 1) received left lobe (n=6) and left lateral segment (2) allografts from living donors. The median age of 4 girls and 4 boys at time of transplantation was 6.8 years (range 2.2-12.7 years). The median follow-up time was 3.3 years (range 1.5-5.7 years). The most common post-transplant complications were biliary system complications and infections and, two patients died because of sepsis. Six patients are alive with normal functioning allografts and metabolically stable on unrestricted diet.
Conclusion: Liver transplantation is a lifesaving treatment and improves patient’s and parent’s life quality for metabolic disorders with no parenchymal injury despite strict dietary restrictions and medical therapies. Especially, living donor liver transplantation is very important for populations with very low organ donation rates.
HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF TEMPORAL BONE PATHOLOGY
Authors: Jat Hari Ram , Daswani Sheena , Sheldon Mark , Patel Neel 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The temporal bone is a complex anatomic structure that contains the organs of hearing and balance and has direct contact with brainstem, cerebellum and temporal lobe of brain. Radiographic assessment of temporal bone is difficult owing to complicated anatomical structure of middle and inner ear. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) - a modification of routine CT produces images with higher contrast and a better spatial resolution. HRCT has the advantage of topographic visualization, devoid of artifacts from superimposition of structures. It provides information not only about bony outline but also soft tissue changes making it possible for the accurate assessment of pathology prior to surgical exploration regarding location, extent and complication of the disease.
Material and methods: This was a cross sectional study of 50 patients who were clinically suspected of having symptoms related to the temporal bone like hearing loss, otorrhea, otalgia, tinnitus, vertigo, ear bleed, cranial nerve palsies, fever, ataxia etc were referred and subjected to HRCT of the temporal bone at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital (Udaipur) between Nov 2017 and June 2019.
Results: CSOM and Cholesteatoma were the most common diseases found by HRCT and Intra-op/Follow-up scan followed by Fractures, acoustic neuroma, Glomus tympanicum and Atretic EAC. Almost all the lesions were correctly detected by HRCT when confirmed with Intra-op/follow up findings.
Conclusion: HRCT can very accurately detect Temporal bone pathology.
Keywords: HRCT, CSOM, CT
OROFACIAL CLEFTING –AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Ashiq T. , Ramkumar Srikrishnan Rajendran Sri , Mugunthan N. , Uma R.S. , Jayaraj Iyyanar , Sethuramachandran Vallabhai 
Published: September 2021

Groove in the palatal vault makes an abnormal communication between oral and nasal cavity is known as oro-facial cleft. It is an uncommon presentation in day-to-day clinical practice. According to World Health Organization, children with the complaint of oro-facial clefts found to be high in India. Children are commonly suffering from functional and aesthetical problems due to Oro-facial clefting. Globally, an estimated 200,000 babies are born with a cleft lip, palate or both each year in the United States. Etiology may be congenital or acquired. Palatal and Alveolar cleft defects are the most common etiological factors. Cleft lip and cleft palate can sometimes develop in combination with a syndrome due to genetic causes. The acquired causes may be infections, trauma, postsurgical complications, neoplasms, periapical pathology, radio and chemo necrosis. Clinical features like defective speech, and upper respiratory tract and ear infections, fetid odor, bad taste, nasal regurgitation of food are the associated consequences of oro-nasal communication. Therefore, this malformation syndrome is an important public health problem. Many cleft palate and cleft lip develops due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. There are more than 400 genes linked to formation of cleft lip and palate. Some environmental factors associated with cleft include medications, deficiency of folic acid, and cigarette, drugs or alcohol conception during pregnancy. In this article we review the anatomy, embryology, epidemiology clinical manifestations and treatment options of the oro-facial cleft
Key words: Oro-facial Cleft, Classification, , Anatomy , Embryology, Morphology, Incidence, Congenital Anomaly
Frame Pemberitaan Terkait Reuni Persaudaraan Alumni (PA) 212 Pada Tahun 2018 di Media Republika Online
Authors: Simorangkir Sendi Romadhon 
Published: September 2021

<p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris"><em><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to examine the reporting frame regarding the reunion of the 212 Alumni Brotherhood. The research method was qualitative content analysis with Robert N. Entman. Research results: online Republika constructs news related to the reunion of the alumni fraternity 212 through Islamic ideology. This shows that Republika Online illustrates a positive thing about the implementation and impact of the alumni reunion fraternity 212. It is known that there are also imbalances in the news regarding reunion 212. Based on Robert N. Entman’s framing, which has four: Define Problem, Diagnose Causes, Make Moral Judgement, Treatment Recommendation. It can be concluded that the Online Republika news analysis seems to support the implementation of the alumni brotherhood reunion following the perspective of media ideology, namely Islamic ideology. Suggestion: Republika Online editor to maintain the balance of the news by paying attention to the cover both sides on each issue because some news does not cover both sides. So, readers can find out the entire contents of the information on one news issue</span></em><em><span lang="EN-MY">.</span></em></p><p class="15cKeywordsBInggris"><strong><span lang="IN">Abs</span><span lang="EN-US">trak</span></strong></p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"> </p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak"><span lang="IN">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerangka pemberitaan terkait reuni persaudaraan alumni 212. Metode penelitian adalah analisis isi kualitatif dengan Robert N. Entman. Hasil penelitian: Republika online mengkonstruksi berita terkait reuni frater alumni 212 melalui perspektif ideologi Islam. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Republika Online menggambarkan hal yang positif tentang pelaksanaan dan dampak dari pelaksanaan reuni alumni 212. Diketahui juga terdapat ketimpangan pemberitaan terkait reuni 212. Berdasarkan framing Robert N. Entman yang memiliki empat yaitu Mendefinisikan Masalah, Mendiagnosis Penyebab, Membuat Penilaian Moral, Rekomendasi Pengobatan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis berita Republika Online tampaknya mendukung terselenggaranya reuni persaudaraan alumni sesuai dengan perspektif ideologi media yaitu ideologi Islam. Saran: Redaksi Republika Online agar menjaga keseimbangan pemberitaan dengan memperhatikan cover kedua sisi pada setiap terbitan, karena ada beberapa berita yang tidak meliput kedua sisi. Jadi, pembaca dapat mengetahui isi berita secara lengkap pada satu edisi berita<strong>.</strong></span></p>
Pausas activas para el control de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en los odontólogos del seguro social campesino de la provincia de Cotopaxi
Authors: Pilco Albán Dennis Hedenia , Córdova Suarez Manolo Alexander , Villacres Cevallos Edison Patricio 
Published: September 2021

Resumen Introducción. Las actividades que los odontólogos desarrollan en los Seguros Sociales Campesinos generan daños en su salud y continuamente se presentan manifestaciones tempranas de trastornos musculoesqueléticos al adoptar posturas estáticas y ejecutar movimientos repetitivos constantes. Objetivo. Se probó el efecto de la implementación de un programa de pausas activas para el control de trastornos músculo esqueléticos generados por movimientos repetitivos en los odontólogos del Seguro Social Campesino de Cotopaxi. Metodología. Se empezó desarrollando un plan de pausas activas que luego se socializó al personal expuesto para su ejecución. Finalmente se analizó la eficacia del programa de pausas activas aplicando el método Occupational epetitive Action (OCRA) antes y después de la intervención en el factor de recuperación dejando un lapso de actuación de dos semanas. Resultados. La implementación de 2 sesiones de pausas activas de diez minutos al día cada una, disminuyeron el valor del índice Ocra un 74% dando los siguientes resultados de los factores: con las siguientes consideraciones: Ayuda de un asistente y mejora de la herramienta manual por una automática. Conclusión. Al implementar pausas activas y dotar de ayuda de un asistente se redujo un 70,05 % el nivel de riesgo ergonómico por movimiento repetitivo por el índice OCRA pasando de intolerable a medio. Palabras claves: ergonómico, odontólogos, OCRA pausas activas.