bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element study of stem cells under fluid flow for mechanoregulation toward osteochondral cells
Authors: Moradkhani Mehdi , Vahidi Bahman , Ahmadian Bahram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvestigating the effects of mechanical stimuli on stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions is a very important issue to reach better control on cellular responses like growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In this regard, studying the effects of scaffold geometry, steady, and transient fluid flow, as well as influence of different locations of the cells lodged on the scaffold on effective mechanical stimulations of the stem cells are of the main goals of this study. For this purpose, collagen-based scaffolds and implicit surfaces of the pore architecture was used. In this study, computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction method was used for the computational simulation. The results showed that the scaffold microstructure and the pore architecture had an essential effect on accessibility of the fluid to different portions of the scaffold. This leads to the optimization of shear stress and hydrodynamic pressure in different surfaces of the scaffold for better transportation of oxygen and growth factors as well as for optimized mechanoregulative responses of cell–scaffold interactions. Furthermore, the results indicated that the HP scaffold provides more optimizer surfaces to culture stem cells rather than Gyroid and IWP scaffolds. The results of exerting oscillatory fluid flow into the HP scaffold showed that the whole surface of the HP scaffold expose to the shear stress between 0.1 and 40 mPa and hydrodynamics factors on the scaffold was uniform. The results of this study could be used as an aid for experimentalists to choose optimist fluid flow conditions and suitable situation for cell culture.
Understanding Changes in Violent Extremist Attitudes During the Transition to Early Adulthood
Authors: Nivette Amy , Echelmeyer Lea , Weerman Frank , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe current study seeks to explain changes in support for violent extremism during the transition to early adulthood. This period during the life course could increase uncertainty and vulnerability to radicalization, or alternatively lead to maturation, prosocial bonds, and consequently less support for violent extremism. In the absence of population-based longitudinal data on violent extremist attitudes, we know very little about how and why attitudes change during this period.MethodData came from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study in Zürich, Switzerland (n = 910). First, we assessed the variation in violent extremist attitudes between ages 17 and 20 using the Reliable Change Index. Second, we used hybrid regression techniques to investigate to what extent theoretically relevant factors can explain between- and within-individual differences in violent extremist attitudes.ResultsOur results show that violent extremist attitudes are largely stable or declining between late adolescence and early adulthood, and that within-individual changes in low self-control, conflict coping skills, and peer disapproval of violence can in part explain these changes.ConclusionsFor young people in Zürich, the transition to early adulthood was characterized by increases in psychosocial maturity, more prosocial peers, and less deviant behavior, which in turn was associated with lower support for violent extremism. Existing research on effective interventions for criminal desistance and disengagement from gangs may therefore be fruitful avenues for developing programs aimed at reducing support for violent extremism and fostering deradicalization.
Engines of learning? Policy instruments, cities and climate governance
Authors: Domorenok Ekaterina , Zito Anthony R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis contribution investigates how combinations of instruments, often called policy mixes, enhance policy learning processes at different levels. It analyzes the European Union’s (EU) Covenant of Mayors (CoM) that is underpinned by a set of learning instruments, to promote local action for sustainable energy and climate. The piece offers an original framework to explore whether and how the Covenant enhances learning at the level of European institutions and among local governments. Drawing on an extensive documentary review and elite interviews in four countries (Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK), the analysis shows that the CoM instrument mix has enhanced certain elements of learning within the actors leading the Covenant as well as many of the local governments within and outside the EU, but only if certain conditions operate, such as political leadership, individual motivation and knowledge and regional coordination mechanisms.
Online monitoring of polysaccharide solution concentration by electromagnetic field, electrical conductivity and spectrophotometry measurements
Authors: Silvonen Jussi , Järvelä Niko , Koppanen Markus , Järveläinen Matti , Ojuva Arto , Levänen Erkki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnline control of industrial processes by lean principle increases productivity and yields higher product quality. Polysaccharides are dissolved in liquids, such as water, in many industrial products, like paints, cosmetics and culinary products. In these products, it is important to control viscosity or create thixotropy and yield stress for product functionality. Electromagnetic field and electrical conductivity techniques were applied to a meter polysaccharide dissolution process online up to a 0.5 wt% concentration, and the resultant solution was also further tested by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The electromagnetic field technique measures changes in the local electrical permittivity of the liquid and the interest in this research were to find out whether the changes correlate to the concentration changes during the dissolution of polymer polysaccharide. The results that were obtained showed good consistency, suggesting the feasibility of the electromagnetic field technique in online monitoring of a polysaccharide suspension concentration. Moreover, this technique gives the advantage of instant monitoring of a polysaccharide dissolution for improved process control.
Graphic abstract
Design and Virtual Testing of American Football Helmets–A Review
Authors: Dymek Mateusz , Ptak Mariusz , Fernandes Fábio A. O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to review the recent progress in the research carried out by scientists worldwide regarding American Footballers' head injuries and head protective equipment, focusing on the role of computation methods, mainly finite element method application to American Football helmet design and testing as well as head injury biomechanics. The helmet technology has been constantly improved, and it is driven by market competition, medical records, coaches and athletes' self-awareness. With finite element analysis and computational resources development, it is possible to develop more accurate brain models to recreate American Footballers' head impacts. This method seems to be an excellent simulation tool to verify the helmet's ability to absorb energy and enable the researchers to have an insight into head kinematics and tissue-level injuries. The work is focused on head injuries in American Football as the sport becomes more popular across the globe. Additionally, a reference to the development and newest technology is presented. The review's proposed approach gathers studies presented within the last decade regarding the coupling of finite element brain models with helmets in standardised or on-field conditions. The synthesis of the existing state of the art may enhance the researchers to continue investigating the athlete's trauma and improve the protective gear technology to minimise head injuries. The authors presented numerous studies regarding concussions and the newest findings from the last decade, including Finite Element Head models (FEHm) with American Football helmet simulations. All the studies were searched through Google Scholar, Scopus and ResearchGate databases.
Visual Attention and Sexual Function in Women
Authors: Milani Sonia , Dawson Samantha J. , Velten Julia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Theoretical models situate attention as integral to the onset and regulation of sexual response and propose that problems with sexual response and subsequent sexual dysfunction result from insufficient attentional processing of sexual stimuli. The goal of this paper is to review literature examining the link between attentional processing of sexual stimuli and sexual function in women. Specifically, we sought to understand whether women with and without sexual dysfunction differ in their visual attention to sexual stimuli and examined the link with sexual response, which would support attention as a mechanism underlying sexual dysfunction.

Recent Findings
Across women with and without sexual concerns, sexual stimuli are preferentially attended to relative to nonsexual stimuli, suggesting that sexual stimuli are more salient than nonsexual stimuli. Differences between women with and without sexual dysfunction emerge when examining visual attention toward the most salient features of sexual stimuli (e.g., genital regions depicting sexual activity). Consistent with theoretical models, visual attention and sexual response are related, such that increasing attention to sexual cues facilitates sexual arousal, whereas reduced attention to sexual stimuli appears to suppress sexual arousal, which may contribute to sexual difficulties in women.

Summary
Taken together, the research supports the role of visual attention in sexual response and sexual function. These findings provide empirical support for interventions that target attentional processing of sexual stimuli. Future research is required to further delineate the specific attentional mechanisms involved in sexual response and investigate whether these are modifiable. This knowledge may be beneficial for developing novel psychological interventions targeting attentional processes in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
Blood donation barriers: How does donor profile affect them?
Authors: Romero-Domínguez Laura , Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Sánchez-Medina Agustín J. , Beerli-Palacio Asunción 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDonation barriers are a crucial factor to consider in the study of blood donor behavior. Since blood donors do not behave homogeneously, the aim of this work is to analyze how the donor profile (i.e. sociodemographic characteristics and donation behavior) influences the prevalence of blood donation barriers. A total of 5,353 active donors in the Canary Islands (Spain) completed an online survey. Given the general lack of agreement concerning the conceptualization and measurement of donation barriers, an integrative 25-item barrier scale, which is the result of grouping all barriers identified in the literature according to the concept of obstacle which they represent, was designed and validated. The results indicate that individuals between 18 and 35 years of age, with university education and higher income are more likely to be affected by donation barriers. At the same time, individuals who donate once or twice a year, and those with shorter experience as donors, are more prone to experience donation barriers. The present study is useful for blood transfusion centers, because it shows that centers must identify which donation barriers are the most prevalent in their donor pool, as well as which donor groups are the most affected by them. Thus, blood transfusion centers will be able to design appropriate marketing actions to reduce or eliminate those barriers that prevent active donors to donate repetively.
Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in the Prognostication of Advanced Resectable Colon Cancer: a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kasahara Kenta , Ishizaki Tetsuo , Enomoto Masanobu , Mazaki Junichi , Okazaki Naoto , Tago Tomoya , Udo Ryutaro , Nagakawa Yuichi , Katsumata Kenji , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been reported as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, the clinical usefulness of LMR requires detailed research, which can contribute to better therapeutic strategies. A cohort of 554 patients with resectable advanced colon cancer in our institution was analyzed retrospectively. An analysis of stages II and III resectable advanced colon cancer was performed. LMR was useful for predicting overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The ROC curve revealed an LMR value of 2.77 as a cutoff for OS. A high LMR was an independent prognostic factor and was associated with a high hazard ratio (HR) in all cases for OS (HR = 0.530, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.334–0.842, p = 0.007). A high LMR was not an independent prognostic factor in stage II cases but was a predictor with the strongest association with prognosis in patients with stage III cases for OS (HR = 0.383, 95% CI = 0.160–0.915, p = 0.031). LMR is a strong predictor of prognosis in patients with stage III colon cancer and may be useful in postoperative treatment options.
Establishment and application of prediction model of natural gas reserve and production in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Yu Guo , Fang Yizhu , Li Haitao , Wang Chenyu , Zhang Dongming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on predicting the growth trend of natural gas reserves and production will help provide a scientific basis for natural gas exploration and development. The metabolically improved modified weight coefficient GM(1,n) method is applied to the multi-cycle Hubbert model to predict the trend of new proven natural gas reserves in the Sichuan Basin. The ultimate recoverable reserves (URR) is introduced as a boundary condition in the production-time series to predict the natural gas production growth. The research results show that: (1) The annual newly added proven natural gas reserves of the Sichuan Basin maintain a multi-cycle growth trend, which will reach the peak reserves in 2034, at which time the proven rate of natural gas will reach 36%. (2) Based on the predicted results of proven reserves, the final recoverable reserves of natural gas are estimated to be $$5.25-5.75\times {10}^{12}{m}^{3}$$

5.25
-
5.75
×

10

12

m

3

. The production in 2035 will reach $$750-810\times {10}^{8}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}/\mathrm{a}$$

750
-
810
×

10

8

m

3

/
a

, and production will grow rapidly. The exploration and development of natural gas in the basin will be prospective for a long time.
The rheological behavior of crude oil in the presence of palm oil additives
Authors: Ragunathan Thevaruban , Zaqwan Jazeel , Wood Colin D. , Husin Hazlina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWax precipitation has become a serious problem for the petroleum industry. The problem occurs when there is equilibrium disturbance on the pressure and temperature as well as crude oil composition. Wax deposits will eventually result in restriction of the fluid flow inside the pipeline, and severe deposition will cause blockage. The chemical additives currently being implemented in the industry have various limitations including the high cost and the irreversible impact it has on the environment. Therefore, the use of cheaper organic wax inhibitor obtained from crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on the rheology and deposition of wax was investigated by using Chenor waxy crude oil from the Penyu basin, Pahang, Malaysia. To compare the efficiency of palm oil additives in inhibiting wax deposition, currently utilized chemical additives such as triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were also examined. The pour point of the crude oil was determined using SETA cloud & cryostat, while the rheological behavior of the crude was determined using a rotational Fann viscometer. The results obtained from this study reveal that CPO and CPKO could be used to improve the flow of crude oil, especially when 1 wt.% CPO or when 0.5 wt. % CPKO is used. It was also noted that the palm-based additives were much more effective at reducing the viscosity of the Chenor crude oil than the commercial wax inhibitor tested (TEA and EVA).
Effects of co-substrates’ mixing ratios and loading rate variations on food and agricultural wastes’ anaerobic co-digestion performance
Authors: Chaher Nour El Houda , Engler Nils , Nassour Abdallah , Nelles Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTunisia is one of the developing countries which faces crucial challenges, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for an appropriate waste treatment, and the demand for water and energy conservation. To this end, the present research was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treating food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) of FW, wheat straw (WS), and cattle manure (CM) was tested to investigate the relationship between the effect of the feedstock mixtures and C:N ratio on biogas and digestate generation at different organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d. Results showed that the mono-digested FW was optimal and reached 565.5 LN/kg VSin at an OLR of 2.4 kg VS/m3.d, and then a drop of biogas production was recorded. However, for co-digested substrates, the optimum mixture ratio was FW:CM 75:25, where 62%, 39.89%, 91.26%, 130.9%, and 119.97% of the biogas yield improved for OLRs ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d, respectively. Admittedly, the target of this work was to enhance the ACoD process, but it also examined the exploitation of different AD effluents. Therefore, special attention was paid to the generated digestates to decide how it can be efficiently upcycled later. Thus, the closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treatment met two of the major Tunisian concerns: efficient organic waste management and sustainable bioenergy production.
Psychometric properties of a Silhouette Rating Scale assessing current and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction in adults
Authors: Lombardo Caterina , Cerolini Silvia , Esposito Rita Maria , Lucidi Fabio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The study aims at validating a new pictorial tool, the Silhouette Rating Scale (SRS). It consists of a series of nine female or male silhouettes. It was created to assess current and ideal body size evaluation, and body dissatisfaction. Our aims were to test the concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, evaluating possible gender differences.

Method
A first sample of 754 young adults (age M = 26.10 ± 8.50, males N = 218) and a second sample of 210 young adults (age M = 21.19 ± 3.22, males = 43) completed the SRS, and other self-report measures assessing body size evaluation, disordered eating, body satisfaction, depression, emotion regulation and insomnia.

Results
Statistical analyses performed on the first sample largely support the concurrent validity of the scale. Results obtained from the second sample confirm its convergent validity, showing strong correlations with the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. In addition, the correlations performed between the three responses of the SRS and other measures of eating disorders, depression, insomnia and emotion regulation indicated a good discriminant validity, though some of the variables measured seem to be significantly correlated.

Conclusions
The SRS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing current body size, body ideal and body dissatisfaction as compared to other widely used scales. It guarantees the universality of use thanks to the absence of details related to ethnicity or culture and at the same time, maintaining a right level of realism. Future studies will evaluate test–retest validity and its potential within clinical populations.

Leve of evidence
V, descriptive cross sectional study
A cross-sectional epidemiological study of the relationship between sleep duration, quality, and rhythm and presenteeism in workers
Authors: Itani Osamu , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Otsuka Yuichiro , Tokiya Mikiko , Jike Maki , Matsumoto Yuuki , Nakagome Sachi , Kinoshita Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationship of sleep (sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep rhythm) with presenteeism in workers while controlling for other confounding factors. A total of 2375 workers of six Japanese companies received self-administered questionnaires from June to November 2018. Information on sleep duration was used to evaluate sleep quantity, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and workers’ engagement in shift work was used to determine their sleep rhythms. We used the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire to evaluate presenteeism. Information on lifestyle (exercise, smoking, etc.), sex, and age was also collected. We conducted a logistic regression analysis with high absolute/relative presenteeism as an objective variable, sleep duration, AIS, and shift work as dependent variables, and basic attributes and lifestyle factors as adjustment factors. Completed questionnaires were collected from 1992 workers (aged 18–79 years; 25.2% women; response rate: 83.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that high absolute presenteeism was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (high AIS score; P < 0.001) but not with sleep duration (P = 0.326) and shift work (P = 0.177). High relative absenteeism was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (high AIS score; P = 0.001) but not with sleep duration (P = 0.461) or shift work (P = 0.245). We showed that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with a high level of presenteeism. This suggests focusing on improving sleep quality is important for reducing presenteeism among workers.
Treatment with dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors prevents morphine use and relapse-like behavior in rats
Authors: Frankowska Małgorzata , Surówka Paulina , Suder Agata , Pieniążek Renata , Pukło Renata , Jastrzębska Joanna , Daniel Władysława A. , Filip Małgorzata , Zadrożny-Bujalska Magdalena , Kleczkowska Patrycja 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Opioid use disorders are serious contributors to the harms associated with the drug use. Unfortunately, therapeutic interventions for opioid addicts after detoxification have been limited and not sufficiently effective. Recently, several studies have led to promising results with disulfiram (DSF), a dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, showing that it is a potent agent against not only alcohol but also addiction to various drugs.

Materials and methods
This study was designed to examine whether DSF and nepicastat (NEP; another DBH inhibitor) modify morphine intake and reinstatement of seeking-behavior using the rat model of intravenous morphine self-administration. Additionally, we intended to estimate the effects of both inhibitors on the locomotor activity as well as on extracellular dopamine and its metabolite levels in the nucleus accumbens using microdialysis in naive rats.

Results
We demonstrated that both DBH inhibitors reduced responding to morphine self-administration. Moreover, DSF and NEP administered acutely before reinstatement test sessions consistently attenuated the reinforcing effects of morphine and a morphine-associated conditioned cue. The observed effects for lower doses (6.25–25 mg/kg; ip) of both DBH inhibitors seem to be independent of locomotor activity reduction and dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens. Neither DSF nor NEP administered daily during morphine abstinence with extinction training sessions had any effect on active lever-responding and changed the reinstatement induced by morphine priming doses. Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by a conditioned cue previously associated with morphine delivery was attenuated following repeated administration of DSF or NEP during the abstinence period.

Conclusion
These results seem to point to the significance of DBH inhibition as a potential pharmacotherapy against morphine use disorders.

Graphic abstract