bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation of Snowdrift on Railway Subgrade
Authors: Qiu Shumao , Bai Mingzhou , Jiang Hua , Li Pengxiang , Wei Zijun , Li Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Snowdrift is a major natural hazard, endangering basic installation and human life in cold regions. Drifting snow can cause snow grains to accumulate on the road, blocking transportation, reducing visibility, and even leading to fatal traffic accidents. Field measurements and numerical simulations of roadbed snow characteristics were carried out along the railway in snowy weather to study the effect of snowdrift on railway subgrade. The influence of a typical roadbed structure is considered, and the basic model of a typical subgrade structure under the action of snowdrift is proposed. Snow particles that accumulate on the embankment present a U-shaped distribution along the inflow direction. Within the increase of embankment height, wind velocity on the roadbed surface is accelerated, and snow cover is reduced, thus mitigating the snow drift disaster of the embankment. Snow covers at embankment heights of 1 and 2 m are considerably greater than those at 3 and 5 m, and identical with those at roadbed heights of 3 and 5 m. Along the inflow direction, the snow cover on the cutting presents an M-shaped distribution. As cutting depth is reduced, wind velocity inside the cutting is decelerated, and snow cover is increased, which aggravates the snow drift disaster of the cutting. The snow depths of roadbed parts at 1-, 2-, and 3-m depths of the cutting are nearly the same, and that at a 5-m depth of the cutting is relatively small but still larger than that on the embankment. Numerically simulating the snow-driving wind via computational fluid dynamics, which can consider the motion characteristics of snow particles and their influence on flow field, is feasible. Simulation results agree with the measured results. Thus, this research provides a path for the further prediction of snow cover pattern.
Developing a Multi-Agent System to Support Multi-Variant Production Ramp-Up Management
Authors: Medini Khaled , Romero David , Wuest Thorsten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the Industry 4.0 era, with increased demands for customization, numerous companies struggle to accommodate changes in their businesses and to keep up with the pace of digital transformation. It follows that introducing new products or services based on an existing configuration or a new design is becoming more frequent. Managing the production ramp-up phase carefully is therefore emerging as one of the most critical steps in the product lifecycle. Although several general strategies and high-level frameworks are available in recent ramp-up management literature, data-backed tools and frameworks that deal with this question are scarce. This article aims to bridge this gap by developing a multi-agent system (MAS) supporting ramp-up management strategies assessment in multi-variant production contexts. An MAS relies on the concept of an agent, which is an autonomous entity operating in a society of agents in order to contribute to a general goal. This article studies the method used to develop an MAS and illustrates its applicability through a case study in the furniture sector. The article highlights the reusability and flexibility of the development method and the relevance of the MAS to decision-makers during ramp-up planning.
Pembaharuan Hukum: Peran Tentara Nasional Indonesia Dalam Penanggulangan Aksi Terorisme (Kajian Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme)
Authors: Lubis Arief Fahmi 
Published: May 2021

The involvement of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) in countering terrorism is in article 7 paragraph (1) of Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI which states that the main task of the TNI is to uphold state sovereignty, maintain the territorial integrity of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution and protect the entire nation and the homeland of Indonesia from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state. It is known that acts of terrorism are based on ideologies that wish to change the basis of the state, so that the TNI's involvement in counterterrorism is very relevant. The TNI's authority in combating terrorism is a matter that is still being debated. This study uses a qualitative research method with a legal approach and a literature approach. The results of the study state that the TNI's authority in dealing with terrorism is given on the grounds that terrorism is an act that threatens the integrity and unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.Keywords: Authority; Indonesian national army; Counter Terrorism; The sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. AbstrakKeterlibatan Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dalam penanggulangan terorisme yaitu pada pasal 7 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 34 tahun 2004 tentang TNI yang berbunyi bahwa tugas pokok TNI adalah untuk menegakkan kedaulatan negara, mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan Pancasila, UUD tahun 1945 serta melindungi segenap bangsa dan tumpah darah Indonesia dari ancaman dan gangguan terhadap keutuhan bangsa dan negara. Diketahui bahwa aksi terorisme berbasis pada ideologi yang berkeinginan merubah dasar negara, sehingga sangat relevan keterlibatan TNI dalam penanggulangan terorisme. Kewenangan TNI dalam pemberantasan terorisme merupakan sebuah hal yang masih menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum dan pendekatan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kewenangan TNI dalam mengati terorisme diberikan dengan alasan bahwa terorisme sebagai tindakan yang mengancam keutuhan dan persatuan Negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia.Kata Kunci : Kewenangan; Tentara Nasional Indonesia; Penanggulangan Terorisme; Kedaulatan NKRI.
EL GOBIERNO DE LA UNIDAD POPULAR Y EL PUEBLO MAPUCHE1: EL INTENTO POR TRANSFORMAR UNA RELACIÓN HISTÓRICA DE DOMINACIÓN POR EL ESTADO CHILENO
Authors: Tricot Tito 
Published: May 2021

El objetivo central de este texto busca argumentar que el gobierno de la Unidad Popular representa un importante avance en la relación con el pueblo mapuche al incorporarlo en su programa de gobierno, profundizar la Reforma Agraria, así como restituir y ampliar las tierras favoreciendo a comunidades mapuche. Además, impulsó la participación de los mapuche en las políticas indígenas. No obstante, tuvo un sesgo campesinista y asimilacionista y, además, su extremo institucionalismo, acaso sin intención, atentó contra los intereses de los mapuche. Al final no pudo transformar la relación estructural de dominación del Estado para con los mapuche.
¿QUIÉNES ESTUDIAN SOCIOLOGÍA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA?
Authors: Sibaja López Irina 
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo se expone una parte de los principales resultados de la Caracterización del Perfil del Estudiantado Activo en la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad de Costa Rica: su relevancia académico-administrativa. Se buscó recuperar un perfil amplio, más allá de las concepciones tradicionales, por lo que se incluyeron cinco dimensiones de análisis que son la demográfica, la socioeconómica, la académica, las aspiraciones profesionales y el proyecto de vida. En el artículo se expone la fase cuantitativa, que consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario digital autoadministrado. Como principales conclusiones, se encontró a una población joven, costarricense, soltera, residente del Gran Área Metropolitana y dependiente económicamente de terceros. Para un amplio número de participantes, la Sociología no fue su primera opción de carrera universitaria, pero decidieron continuar con esta, donde su principal aspiración profesional es encontrar trabajo estable en Sociología, como proyecto de vida vinculado a la carrera en el corto y mediano plazo.
SEXISMO Y ACADEMIA: MANIFESTACIONES DEL SEXISMO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Chaves Groh María José , Chaves Groh María José 
Published: May 2021

En el periodo 2018-2019, el Centro de Investigación en Estudios de la Mujer (ciem) lideró una importante iniciativa para problematizar el sexismo en la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Desde el enfoque cualitativo, se consultó a mujeres estudiantes, docentes y administrativas sobre esta forma de discriminación en el contexto universitario. Este artículo sistematiza las manifestaciones identificadas, donde se constata la presencia del sexismo en el ámbito universitario y su impacto en la vida laboral y académica de las mujeres.
MUJERES INDÍGENAS EN CUENCA A FINALES DE LA COLONIA: LA INFORMALIDAD COMO MEDIO DE SUBSISTENCIA
Authors: Sinchi Lojano Elsa Rosario , Novillo Verdugo Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo aborda, a través del análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, las diversas dinámicas que la población indígena desarrolló en el entorno urbano de Cuenca, Ecuador, a finales del siglo xviii e inicios del XIX. En este contexto, se reconoce el espacio de participación de las mujeres indígenas, quienes lograron una importante inserción en la estructura económica colonial, mediante la elaboración de manufacturas y la comercialización de productos.
Fatores de risco relacionados às desordens tTemporomandibulares em atletas – revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Alexander Costa Moraes , Simões André Mathias Castellain , Maria Genâine José , Martins Suzi Moreira , Hauck Beatriz Netto , Quinelato Valquíria , Bonato Rafaela Ladeira , Bonato Letícia Ladeira 
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Para competir nos diversos níveis, é imprescindível que os atletas estejam saudáveis, sendo a saúde bucal parte integrante da saúde geral e do bem-estar. Contudo, durante a prática esportiva há a exposição de diversos fatores de risco, que podem se relacionar com o desenvolvimento de dor orofacial e variados tipos de desordens temporomandibulares (DTM). OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura sobre os possíveis fatores de risco envolvidos no desenvolvimento das DTM em atletas, assim como apresentar a prevalência dessas desordens nas diversas modalidades esportivas. MÉTODOS: As bases de dados consultadas foram PubMed, BVS e Scielo por meio dos descritores “temporomandibular disorder”, “athletes” e “sport”. A seleção foi realizada no período de 2000 a 2020. Os resultados dos estudos mostram que macrotraumas; aumento na tolerância à dor; estresse psicológico; realização de hábitos parafuncionais; sobrecarga músculo articular devido a treinos constantes; alterações hormonais e genéticas podem aumentar as chances de atletas desenvolverem DTM, sendo que a prevalência dessa desordem varia de acordo com a modalidade esportiva, assim como sexo e idade do atleta. A presença da sintomatologia dolorosa causada pelas DTM impacta não apenas no desempenho, mas principalmente na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Quando a dor se cronifica, pode haver a associação com a presença de dor em outras articulações do corpo, relacionadas aos mecanismos de sensibilização periférica e central. CONCLUSÃO: Atletas acometidos por DTM, passam a apresentar baixa resistência a tarefas motoras que envolvem demanda e resistência. Uma abordagem interdisciplinar deve ser estimulada, de forma que o manejo e orientação destes pacientes, seja feito precocemente, evitando a piora na qualidade de vida e comprometimento em atividades esportivas.
Nevo azul na mucosa bucal: Relato de Casos
Authors: Dos Santos Gabriela Lopes , Vilardi Bruna Maria Rodrigues , Vilardi Taisa Maria Rodrigues , Gentili Ana Lucia Conelian , Nunes Nancy Alfieri 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência, características clinicas e histopatológicas e possível malignidade de nevos azuis de cavidade bucal, e descrever dois casos clínicos no período de 25 anos. Relato de casos: Os pacientes, em idades diferentes apresentaram lesões enegrecidas azuladas na mucosa do lábio superior e rebordo alveolar inferior esquerdo, com diagnóstico inicial de nevo azul e melanoma, respectivamente. As lesões foram removidas cirurgicamente, porém a de rebordo se encontrava aderida ao periósteo. O resultado histopatológico de ambas foi de nevo azul de mucosa bucal. O nevo azul é diagnosticado histopatologicamente como um acúmulo de células melanódicas em profundidade ou no tecido conjuntivo sub-epitelial. O acompanhamento de tais casos foi de 22 anos e 8 meses, respectivamente, para avaliar possível malignização. Conclusão: O cirurgião-dentista deve estar apto para avaliar clinicamente as lesões melanóticas da mucosa bucal e conduzir seu diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento posterior ante a possibilidade de ocorrência de malignidade mesmo anos após o diagnóstico da lesão benigna. Os exames imunoistoquímicos podem ser relevantes para diferenciação histopatológica dessas lesões. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nevo azul. Mucosa bucal. Nevo pigmentar
Linfoma difuso de grandes células B em cavidade oral
Authors: Teixeira Lucas de Oliveira , Vieira Muriel Botini , Nunes Nancy Alfieri , Furlanetto Giovani , Gentili Ana Lucia Conelian 
Published: May 2021

O linfoma difuso de grandes células B é responsável por 68% dos casos de linfoma não Hodgkin na cavidade oral, podendo acometer linfonodos, orofaringe, vestíbulo bucal, região posterior de palato duro e gengivas. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente que compareceu ao Serviço Estomatológico com queixa de trismo e dor na cavidade bucal há duas semanas. Paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos de idade, leucoderma, apresentou-se com assimetria facial do lado esquerdo e massa nodular ulcerada na região retromolar, mucosa jugal e palato mole do lado esquerdo, com necrose superficial e sintomatologia dolorosa local, acompanhando emagrecimento, quadro instalado após avulsão do dente 27. No soalho de boca posterior havia um nódulo de aproximadamente 2 cm, doloroso, cuja hipótese diagnóstica inicial foi de carcinoma espinocelular ou fibrossarcoma. Apresentou linfadenopatia de caráter neoplásico e trismo. Foi submetida à punção aspirativa por agulha fina de linfonodo, que demonstrou presença de material necrótico e linfócitos maduros; e à biópsia incisional que, após avaliação histopatológica, demonstrou linfoma difuso de grandes células B. A imunoistoquímica indicou positividade para CD 20 e fenótipo para linfócitos B pelo Ki 67, com 80% de células neoplásicas. Após o diagnóstico, a paciente foi encaminhada para tratamento oncológico, sendo submetida a 8 sessões de quimioterapia, seguido de radioterapia, com excelente resultado. É de suma importância a avaliação sistemática pelo cirurgião-dentista devido à heterogeneidade clínica do linfoma difuso de grandes células B e a importância do diagnóstico precoce visando uma maior taxa de sobrevida do paciente.
A Rare Cause of Torticollis in Children: Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation
Authors: YURDAOR Seda , TÜRE Esra , ERTEK Engin , ÖZGÜRER Aylan , ŞEN Eylem , TAYFUN Ebru , AKTÜRK Berna , KARACA Aynur 
Published: May 2021

Torticollis is one of the common causes of admission to the emergency department among children which can make parents worried. This could be related to many traumatic and non-traumatic conditions. One of the rare causes of acute onset of torticollis is atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, which is characterized by limitation of neck rotation, increased pain by movement. It is generally associated with a past trauma history. Although it is known as a temporary and self-resolving condition, if it is not diagnosed earlier it may lead to severe rotational deformity of the cervical spine. Therefore, detecting certain causes and providing proper treatment are highly important. Physical examination and history are usually enough to make the diagnosis, yet cervical X-ray and computed tomography scan can be considered for indefinite cases. Even though treatment options depend on symptoms and the patient's general status, conservative approach with cervical collar and anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended as a first step.
We would like to present our case, a 13 year-old girl who has been diagnosed with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in our clinic to increase awareness of this condition which is often misdiagnosed in children.
El medio como espacio educativo en tiempos de crisis: evaluación de una experiencia fuera del aula y su aplicación, la transmisión de actitudes, valores y conocimientos relacionados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las geociencias.
Authors: Rebollada Casado Eduardo , Corrales Vázquez José María 
Published: May 2021

Desde hace algo más de un año la pandemia COVID-19 viene produciendo un impacto global que ha tenido especial repercusión en aspectos sanitarios y educativos. En países como el nuestro se han visto alterados los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en todos los niveles educativos.
Ante esta situación extraordinaria, el sistema educativo español ha tratado de adaptarse a la nueva coyuntura caracterizada por las restricciones para amortiguar los efectos de la pandemia, propiciando en ocasiones estrategias de enseñanza novedosas, como el uso casi exclusivo de las TIC en una situación de excepcional durante más de medio curso escolar. En aquellas disciplinas científicas donde son comunes las salidas fuera del aula, sin embargo, se han estado produciendo además cambios constantes en los procedimientos de trabajo, necesarios igualmente para adecuar la enseñanza al nuevo statu quo.
En algunas disciplinas científicas donde es habitual la utilización de los laboratorios y las salidas fuera de las aulas se sufrió de manera especial la pandemia durante el curso 2019-20. Sin embargo, durante el último curso, las medidas especiales de enseñanza con una ventilación adecuada ha propiciado la realización de salidas fuera del aula en asignaturas relacionadas con la Biología y Geología, basadas en intervenciones educativas en el medio.
El resultado ha sido una imagen que nos permite presentar en este trabajo la comparativa de los datos obtenidos tras el análisis de las impresiones sobre la participación de 648 alumnos y alumnas de dieciocho centros educativos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España). Esta autoevaluación ha requerido el diseño de un cuestionario acerca de la intervención educativa fuera del aula dirigido al alumnado y profesorado. Fruto de esta experiencia se realizan propuestas de mejora en las estrategias para las intervenciones educativas fuera de las aulas.
Philippine earthquakes and structure*
Authors: Willis Bailey 
Published: May 2021

abstract
The accompanying two maps (in pocket) show the distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Philippine Archipelago as plotted by the Rev. William C. Repetti, S.J., Chief of the Section of Seismology and Terrestrial Magnetism of the Manila Observatory, for the years 1920 to 1936, inclusive. The text presents their relations to active structures of several types observed by the writer in a geological reconnaissance in the spring of 1937. The dynamics of the Archipelago and the mechanisms of the stresses are sketched in accordance with the hypothesis that the Philippine block is an erupted mass rising along the contact between the crustal elements that respectively underlie the China Sea and the adjacent Pacific Basin.
Characteristics of Alaskan earthquake records at distances of 40° to 70°*
Authors: Lynch William A. , Dillon Vincent 
Published: May 2021

abstract
One hundred and twenty-four Alaskan and Aleutian earthquakes have been recorded at Fordham in the years 1928-1944. The Galitzin-Wilip three-component seismograph recorded 84 of these well enough to supply a basis for the present study. All epicenters lie at about the same azimuth with respect to Fordham, between 311° and 325°, and at distances of from 40° to 70°; the waves reaching Fordham therefore traveled over much the same continental paths. P was often late in terms of Macelwane's tables; emergences and impulses were almost equal in number, the former predominating slightly; often, an emergence was soon followed by a sharp impulse. S was usually sharp on both horizontals. No evidence of False S was found. Reflected phases were not prominent in the records, PR1 being recorded on only about 20 per cent of them, SR1 on about 30 per cent. The surface waves were confused and difficult to identify; only very general conclusions can be drawn about them, the most significant being a dominant period of 13.5 seconds in the coda.
Microseisms and Pacific typhoons*
Authors: Gilmore Marion H. , Hubert William E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Naval Aerological Service initiated a project in 1944 under the technical supervision of Father James B. Macelwane, S.J., to investigate microseisms as a possible tool in detecting and tracking severe storms at sea. The first year's work in the Caribbean demonstrated, without a doubt, that microseismic data would be of great value in the forecasting of severe hurricanes and typhoons. Additional work in the Pacific and Caribbean has proved that tropical disturbances actually cause large “microseismic storms.” This paper describes the development of the Pacific Microseismic Project into a new and valuable aerological tool which will greatly aid in the saving of life and property. It is now possible to locate accurately the position of a typhoon by the Seismo method when it is more than 1,000 miles from the Tripartite Microseismic Station.
The Walker Pass earthquakes and structure of the Southern Sierra Nevada*
Authors: Chakrabarty S. K. , Richter C. F. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The principal earthquake in the Walker Pass region on March 15, 1946, is located at 35°43'.5N,118°03'.3W, at a depth of 22 km., with origin time at 05:49:35.9 P.S.T. Epicenters of aftershocks scatter about this, with some indication of a NNE-SSW trend. The observed times fit a structure with layers 21.7 km., 9.7 km., and 10.7 km. thick. Velocities of the longitudinal and transverse waves agree with those previously determined by Gutenberg for southern California. The effect of the “root” of the Sierra Nevada is seen in the failure of Pn to record at Tinemaha, although it appears there on the seismograms of shocks east and west of the principal group.
Discussion of tripartite microseismic measurements*
Authors: Leet L. Don 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There has been a tendency to overemphasize the accuracy of a tripartite station's determination of the bearing of a microseismic wave. Such a determination is based on the assumption that the time of passage of the crest of a specific advancing wave is uniquely observed at each instrument of the network. This is not the case, in general, where waves are approaching from more than one direction. There is compelling evidence that they are doing this in many, if not all, storms.
Specific cases are discussed of waves of the same period and waves of different periods crossing a tripartite network. It is concluded that routine averaging of intervals from time marks to the nearest crest or trough can lead to serious errors if the pattern and character of groups at the three stations are not taken into account.
Velocity determinations for microseisms are open to question when they are based on records from horizontal components only, which do not permit distinguishing between Rayleigh and Q waves.