bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk‐Taking Incentives and Earnings Management: New Evidence*
Authors: Mayberry Michael , Park Hyun Jong , Xu Tian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe reexamine the positive association between stock option vega and earnings management previously documented by Armstrong, Larcker, Ormazabal, and Taylor (2013; henceforth, ALOT). In contrast to ALOT, prior empirical research and practitioner literature emphasizes earnings management's goals of increasing stock price and reducing volatility. Specifically, we assess whether the association is robust to (i) employing discretionary accruals that are less prone to misspecification, (ii) focusing on a more recent time period, and (iii) including additional controls for period‐specific factors. Our main findings are as follows. First, we fail to find a positive association between vega and earnings management after controlling for performance‐related misspecification in discretionary accruals. Second, we find no association between vega and earnings management in a more recent time period, suggesting the results of ALOT may be sensitive to period‐specific factors. Last, the positive association vanishes when we control for year fixed effects, growth opportunities, or monitoring, suggesting the original results of ALOT's research may be sensitive to correlated, omitted variables. Overall, our results question the extent to which vega incentivizes earnings management. Our results may be of interest to boards of directors in designing executive compensation contracts, to regulators in crafting policies that maintain high levels of financial reporting quality, and to researchers seeking to identify settings where earnings management incentives are most salient.
‘The world somehow stopped moving’: impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescent psychiatric outpatients and the implementation of teletherapy
Authors: Huscsava Mercedes M. , Scharinger Christian , Plener Paul L. , Kothgassner Oswald D. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic results in disproportional consequences for psychiatric patients. Due to restraints in physical contacts, providers switched from face‐to‐face contacts to teletherapy, but prior experiences were mostly limited. The study aimed at assessing symptom dynamics, potentially increased adversities and factors influencing a successful transition into teletherapy in adolescent psychiatric outpatients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodThirty adolescent psychiatric outpatients participated in an interview‐based study. The differential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic was measured by integrating patients’ and psychiatrists’ judgements.ResultsPatients who reported deteriorated symptoms and patients who showed (partial) improvement of symptomatology could be separated by feelings of isolation (specific to deterioration) and perceived reduction in school‐associated stress (unique to improvement). Patients with worsening symptomatology showed a significantly higher degree of psychosocial disability before lockdown and at the first interview. Patients who deteriorated in their level of psychosocial functioning also reported negatively on teletherapy. These patients were verbally less differentiated concerning emotions and affect, reported introspection and rumination, and stated distinctly lower levels of perceived social support. Concerning adversities, no clear trend could be identified, but some patients reported increased domestic violence and neglect.ConclusionsPatients with a higher degree of psychosocial disability suffer disproportionally from the crisis, so that an assessment of functioning should serve as a triage tool. Also, a screening of the perceived level of social support should be established before offering teletherapy. Additionally, the provision of strategies to enhance verbalisation and differentiation of emotions and affect might be beneficial.
Appropriate use of cancer comprehensive genome profiling assay using circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Sunami Kuniko , Bando Hideaki , Yatabe Yasushi , Naito Yoichi , Takahashi Hideaki , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Toyooka Shinichi , Mimori Koshi , Kohsaka Shinji , Uetake Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Ichiro , Komine Keigo , Takeda Masayuki , Hayashida Tetsu , Tamura Kenji , Nishio Kazuto , Yamamoto Noboru ,   The Working Group of a Joint Task Force of Three Academic Societies for the Promotion of Cancer Genomic Medicine
Published: June 2021

AbstractComprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is being increasingly used for the routine clinical management of solid cancers. In July 2018, the use of tumor tissue‐based CGP assays became available for all solid cancers under the universal health insurance system in Japan. Several restrictions presently exist, such as patient eligibility and limitations on the opportunities to perform such assays. The clinical implementation of CGP based on plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is also expected to raise issues regarding the selection and use of tissue DNA and ctDNA CGP. A Joint Task Force for the Promotion of Cancer Genome Medicine comprised of three Japanese cancer‐related societies has formulated a policy proposal for the appropriate use of plasma CGP (in Japanese), available at https://www.jca.gr.jp/researcher/topics/2021/files/20210120.pdf, http://www.jsco.or.jp/jpn/user_data/upload/File/20210120.pdf, and https://www.jsmo.or.jp/file/dl/newsj/2765.pdf. Based on these recommendations, the working group has summarized the respective advantages and cautions regarding the use of tissue DNA CGP and ctDNA CGP with reference to the advice of a multidisciplinary expert panel, the preferred use of plasma specimens over tissue, and multiple ctDNA testing. These recommendations have been prepared to maximize the benefits of performing CGP assays and might be applicable in other countries and regions.
Oxytocin receptor is a promising therapeutic target of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Kodama Yuta , Tanaka Ichidai , Sato Tatsuhiro , Hori Kazumi , Gen Soei , Morise Masahiro , Matsubara Daisuke , Sato Mitsuo , Sekido Yoshitaka , Hashimoto Naozumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is one of the most aggressive tumors. We conducted bioinformatics analysis using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets to identify new molecular markers in MM. Overexpression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), which is a G‐protein–coupled receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin, mRNA was distinctively identified in MM cell lines. Therefore, we assessed the role of OXTR and its clinical relevance in MM. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the association between overall survival and OXTR mRNA expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The function of OXTR and the efficacy of its antagonists were investigated in vitro and in vivo using MM cell lines. Consistent with the findings from CCLE datasets analysis, OXTR mRNA expression was highly increased in MM tissues compared with other cancer types in the TCGA datasets, and MM cases with high OXTR expression showed poor overall survival. Moreover, OXTR knockdown dramatically decreased MM cell proliferation in cells with high OXTR expression via tumor cell cycle disturbance, whereas oxytocin treatment significantly increased MM cell growth. OXTR antagonists, which have high selectivity for OXTR, inhibited the growth of MM cell lines with high OXTR expression, and oral administration of the OXTR antagonist, cligosiban, significantly suppressed MM tumor progression in a xenograft model. Our findings suggest that OXTR plays a crucial role in MM cell proliferation and is a promising therapeutic target that may broaden potential therapeutic options and could be a prognostic biomarker of MM.
Clinical and radiographic performance of self‐locking conical connection implants in the posterior mandible: Five‐year results of a two‐centre prospective study
Authors: Moergel Maximilian , Rocha Salomão , Messias Ana , Nicolau Pedro , Guerra Fernando , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective study aims to assess the 5‐year clinical performance of implants with internal conical connection and platform‐switched abutments in the posterior mandible.Material and MethodsHealthy adults missing at least two teeth in the posterior mandible and with a natural tooth mesial to the implant site received two or three adjacent implants. After a transmucosal healing period single crown restorations were cemented on platform‐switched abutments. Changes in marginal bone levels were investigated in standardized periapical radiographs from surgery and loading (baseline) to 60‐months post‐loading.ResultsTwenty‐four patients received 52 implants. Bone remodelling took place between surgery and loading (mean:‐0.5, SD:±0.4 mm). From loading to 60 months, there was a mean bone change of 0.27 (SD:±0.47 mm) which stabilized 24 months after prosthesis delivery (mean:0.2, SD:±0.46 mm). 71.7% of all implants presented bone preservation at 60 months irrespective of the initial insertion depth. Two implants were lost after 5 years and the success rate was 95.1%. Patient enquiry revealed high satisfaction.ConclusionInternal conical connection implants with platform‐switched abutments presented a high success rate and preservation of marginal bone levels at the implant shoulder after 5 years of loading.
Anthropogenic habitat loss accelerates the range expansion of a global invader
Authors: Wang Xuyu , Yi Tao , Li Wenhao , Xu Chunxia , Wang Supen , Wang Yanping , Li Yiming , Liu Xuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding the patterns and correlates of the range expansion of established alien species is crucial for predicting invasion impacts and developing effective control strategies. With accelerating globalization, it is key to identify the interactions of different global change processes, such as how land‐use change may influence range expansion, yet empirical studies remain limited.LocationLiuji Town, Jiangsu Province, China.MethodsWe first divided the study area into 128 grids with a resolution of 1 × 1 km and conducted visual encounter surveys over two years for a total of 492 water bodies to explore the establishment and range expansions of a global notorious invader, the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) (= Rana catesbeiana (Shaw, 1802)) using generalized linear mixed models. Then, we investigated the residence time of the established bullfrogs in each water body based on a questionnaire survey. We quantified the habitat loss and range expansion of the past 30 years via GIS‐based spatial analysis and explored their temporal dynamics using the breakpoint regression technique.ResultsWe found that the area of suitable habitats was the most important variable positively related to the bullfrog establishment. There was a similar temporal trend of the range expansion and habitat loss, although the optimal time of habitat loss was slightly earlier than that of the great increase in bullfrog range expansion. Overall, the bullfrogs tended to expand faster with greater habitat loss after controlling for temporal non‐independence.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrated that loss of suitable habitats may facilitate invaders with faster range expansion to occupy the remaining limited resources. Alien species might thus accelerate invasions under human‐induced land‐use modifications in the era of global change. The time lag between range expansion and habitat loss is the golden window for preventing the spread of established alien species in disturbed habitats.
Terpene and resin acid contents in Scots pine stem lesions colonized by the rust fungusCronartium pini
Authors: Kaitera Juha , Piispanen Juha , Bergmann Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCronartium pinicauses economic losses especially on Scots pine in northern Europe. Scots pine reacts to rust infection by resin flow. The chemicals enriched in wood afterCronartiuminfection have not been investigated before. We investigated resin acids and mono‐ and sesquiterpenes produced inCronartium‐infected wood.Cronartium‐infected wood was extracted with acetone, and the extractives were analysed by GC‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and compared to those from control wood. Among resin acids, abietic acid, levopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid and neoabietic acid were the richest (32–68 mg/g) inCronartium‐infected wood. Among monoterpenes, concentration of α‐pinene was the highest (49 mg/g) inCronartium‐infected wood. Concentrations of all monoterpenes and resin acids and most sesquiterpenes were significantly higher (1.3‐ to 108‐fold) inCronartium‐infected wood compared to control wood. In the control wood, the extractive content was greater (1.1‐ to 14‐fold) than in the literature suggesting that the chemical processes were strongly affected by the rust. The results suggest that terpenes and resin acids are produced by the host to protect it fromCronartiumrust.
Conceptualizing smart city applications: Requirements, architecture, security issues, and emerging trends
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Bahalul , Bhushan Bharat , Dhiman Gaurav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emergence of smart cities and sustainable development has become a globally accepted form of urbanization. The epitome of smart city development has become possible due to the latest innovative integration of information and communication technology. Citizens of smart cities can enjoy the benefits of a smart living environment, ubiquitous connectivity, seamless access to services, intelligent decision making through smart governance, and optimized resource management. The widespread acceptance of smart cities has raised data security issues, authentication, unauthorized access, device‐level vulnerability, and sustainability. This article focuses on the holistic overview and conceptual development of smart city. Initially, the work discusses the smart city idea and fundamentals explored in various pieces of literature. Further various smart city applications along with notable implementations, are put forth to understand the quality of living standards. Finally, the article depicts a solid understanding of different security and privacy issues, including some crucial future research directions.
Fracture toughness behavior of dissimilar metal (SA508 Gr.3 Class 1 and SA312 Type 304LN) weld joint: With and without stress relieving treatment
Authors: Kumar Suranjit , Kale Rahul P. , Singh Pawan Kumar , Ghosh Mainak , Chattopadhyay Jayanta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDissimilar metal welds (DMW) are used to connect the low‐alloy steel (LAS) pressure vessel and austenitic stainless steel (ASS) piping in nuclear power reactors. DMWs inherently have high gradient of carbon content across fusion boundary (LAS‐ASS), leading to carbon migration from LAS to ASS. Nickel‐based alloy is the preferred buttering and welding consumable to minimize carbon migration. Stress‐relieving treatment after buttering of LAS also enhances the carbon migration, which may lead to a reduction in local fracture toughness in heat affected zone (HAZ) of LAS. Therefore, this paper aims to study the effect of stress‐relieving treatment on the fracture toughness behavior of DMW. Fracture toughnesses of different zones of DMWs have been quantified in as‐welded and stress‐relieved conditions. It has been shown that stress‐relieving leads to lowering of fracture toughness with respect to as welded condition. This is attributed to increase in the microstructural heterogeneity in HAZ (LAS) and near fusion boundary of the DMW.
Crucial involvement of catecholamine neurotransmission in postoperative nausea and vomiting: Whole‐transcriptome profiling in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Sugino Shigekazu , Konno Daisuke , Abe Junko , Imamura‐Kawasawa Yuka , Kido Kanta , Suzuki Jun , Endo Yasuhiro , Yamauchi Masanori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe genetic mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the involvement of the catecholamine system in the brain have not been elucidated. Eating kaolin clay as a type of pica has been examined as an alternative behavior to emesis. Here, we evaluated changes in whole‐transcriptome analysis in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in a rat pica model as a surrogate behavior of PONV to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of PONV and the involvement of the catecholamine system in the NTS. First, kaolin pica behaviors were investigated in 71 female Wistar rats following isoflurane anesthesia, surgical insult or morphine administration. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 3 mg/kg morphine increased kaolin intake by 2.8 g (P = 0.0002). Next, total RNA and protein were extracted from the dissected NTS, and whole‐transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed to identify PONV‐associated genes and to verify the involvement of the catecholamine system. The gene expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta‐hydroxylase in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway decreased significantly in the PONV model. Release of noradrenaline, a catecholamine pathway end product, may have increased at the synaptic terminal of the NTS neuron after pica behavior. Systematic administration of α2 adrenergic receptor agonists after surgery reduced kaolin intake from 3.2 g (control) to 1.0 g (P = 0.0014). These results indicated that catecholamine neurotransmission was involved in the development of PONV in the NTS.
Characterization of fortified pasteurized cow milk with nanoliposome loaded with skipjack tuna eyeball oil
Authors: Pudtikajorn Khamtorn , Sae‐leaw Thanasak , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: June 2021

SummaryNanoliposomes loaded with skipjack tuna eyeballs oil (STEO‐NL) were prepared using an ethanol injection method, without and with the aid of ultrasonication. Higher amplitude (80%) and longer time (15 min) of ultrasonication reduced particle size (from 192.20 to 150.70 nm) and zeta‐potential (from −40.43 to −47.29 mV) of STEO‐NL but increased peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of STEO‐NL. However, encapsulation efficiency was not different among all the samples (96.82‐97.70%) (P > 0.05). Cow milk was fortified by addition of STEO‐NL (without ultrasonication) at different final levels (0, 2.5 and 5.0% w/w). Subsequently, high‐temperature short‐time (72 °C, 15 s) process was employed to pasteurize the fortified milk, which were further stored up to 10 days at 4 °C. Microbiological quality and pH of pasteurized fortified cow milk were still acceptable. Addition of STEO‐NL at higher level (5%) resulted in higher PV and TBARS and lower acceptability than the control and that fortified with 2.5% STEO‐NL throughout the storage of 10 days, but sensorial acceptability was still obtained. In general, no differences in colour, and viscosity were attained among all samples. Moreover, pasteurized cow milk fortified with STEO‐NL had an increased amount of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Study of aroma compound formations and transformations during Jinxuan and Qingxin oolong tea processing
Authors: Liu Huifan , Li Sufen , Zhong Yuming , Lan Siqi , Brennan Charles Stephen , Wang Qin , Ma Lukai 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe characterised the formation and dynamic changes in the main aroma compounds produced during the manufacturing process of Jinxuan and Qingxin oolong tea. Thirty‐five aroma compounds were investigated. Subsequent principal component and cluster analyses showed that the fresh leaves, spread leaves and rocked leaves of the two varieties of tea were distinguished from each other. Particularly, the aldehyde and ‘other’ compounds showed the highest correlation coefficients (0.71 and −0.70) among the principal. The heat map showed that the proportions of acetic acid, 3‐methylbutanal and 2‐methylbutanal significantly changed during the manufacturing process of the two tea varieties. The key amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine and aspartic acid) and enzymes (branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) involved in the synthesis of 3‐methylbutanal and 2‐methylbutanal differed between the two varieties during manufacture. Our study reveals the characteristics of different varieties of oolong tea and their aroma formation after manufacture using the same process.
Lactobacillus plantarum BC299 can alleviate dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis by regulating immune response and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Jingqi , Yan Ting , Wang Yaqi , Yang Yanrui , Geng Weitao , Wang Jinju , Jia Longgang , Wang Yanping 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIt is well known that probiotics are effective in relieving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, their exact mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the effect of novel Lactobacillus plantarum BC299 on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced colitis model mice and investigated the molecular mechanism. We found BC299 could regulate immune response and reduce immunosuppression by enhancing the expression of Th1 T cells in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressive model mice. Meanwhile, DSS‐induced colitis model mice were furtherly constructed. The results displayed BC299 can restore bodyweight and relieve colon morphology of colitis mice. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated BC299 can regulate immune response by reducing the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐1β mRNA and increasing the expression of IL‐10 and TGF‐β mRNA. Moreover, BC299 administration reshaped and increased the diversity of gut microbiota in IBD mice. Therefore, BC299 can alleviate colitis by regulating immune response and modulating gut microbiota.
Structural analysis and anti‐obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high‐fat diet in mice
Authors: Liang Juan , Xu Rujing , Zong Kai , Yu Nianjun , Wu Zhendong , Wu Hongfei , Zhou An 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the physicochemical properties of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP) and evaluated its effects in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Experimentally, PCP was established as a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with both α‐ and β‐configurations, and its estimated average molecular weight was ˜5.1 kDa. Besides, we discovered its major monosaccharides, including galactose, mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose. PCP markedly decreased obesity‐related parameters, improved serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and leptin levels and reversed insulin resistance. It also reduced the hepatic infiltration of lipid droplets and the size of adipocytes in adipose tissues. Finally, PCP simulation significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). On the contrary, it increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) levels closely related to thermogenesis and glucolipid metabolism. Taken together, these findings have provided evidence that PCP could be a potential anti‐obesity ingredient in preventing diet‐induced obesity.