bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mn–Co binary oxides for low‐temperature catalytic oxidation of NO: effect of SO2 and regeneration
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Chen Du , Chu Chao , Gao Fengyu , Yi Honghong , Wang Chengzhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this paper, Mn–Co binary oxides prepared by an (NH4)2CO3‐assisted co‐precipitation method were used for the catalytic oxidation of NO at low temperatures.RESULTSExperimental results showed that the Mn–Co binary catalysts prepared with manganese acetate and cobalt nitrate exhibited the highest oxidation activity, obtaining a NO conversion of 76% at 200 °C and 80% at 250 °C. The passivation effect of SO2 was found to be irreversible in the examination of the resistance to SO2 or/and H2O(g). Furthermore, characterization by X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) revealed that the passivation effect was due to the bidentate and surface or bulk‐like sulfates generated on the surface of the catalyst.CONCLUSIONThe analysis of intermediate species during the in situ DRIFTs characterization revealed that these sulfate species competed with nitrate/nitrite species for adsorption and affected the activity. Moreover, the poisoned catalysts could be regenerated to remove the majority of the bidentate and surface or bulk‐like sulfates from the surface and maintain the excellent NO catalytic oxidation activity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of different storage conditions on COVID‐19 RT‐PCR results
Authors: Yilmaz Gulec Elif , Cesur Nevra P. , Yesilyurt Fazlioğlu Gonca , Kazezoğlu Cemal 
Published: July 2021

Highlights

It is best to store COVID‐19 swab samples in VTM to get the most reliable PCR results.
Positive COVID‐19 swab samples can be stored for at least 5 days at both room temperature and 4°C without loss of positivity.
Samples with high viral loads with CTs below 25 can be stored at both room temperature and 4°C without loss of positivity for up to 12 days.
Host miR‐4301 promotes rotavirus replication via PPP1R3D in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Song Lijun , Wang Xiaotong , Zhong Peicheng , Chen Jiabo , Tang Zhi , Zhu Xuemei , Chen Yang , Dai Guiqin , Zhou Yujing , Li Feng , Feng Yuxuan , Zhao Wenchang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of miR‐4301 in rotavirus (RV)‐infected Caco‐2 cells. In this experiment, RNAs of RV‐infected Caco‐2 cells were extracted, and the high‐throughput second‐generation sequencing was performed to detect the expression profiles of host microRNAs (miRNAs). Synthetic miRNA mimics and inhibitors were examined (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR], crystalline violet, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy) to evaluate the effect on RV replication. Target genes of miR‐4301 were predicted by software analysis. The expression of target genes was evaluated by qPCR and Western blot after transfected with miRNA inhibitor/mimic, and crystalline violet and qPCR were used to detect the downregulation effects of target genes on RV replication. By transfecting miRNA inhibitors/mimics and detecting downstream target genes, the mechanism of miRNA affecting RV replication was analyzed. There were 78 known miRNAs with significant differential expression, including 39 upregulated miRNAs and 39 downregulated miRNAs. The results showed that miR‐4301 exerted a key role in enhancing RV replication. PPP1R3D protein which can inhibit RV replication was predicted as the target gene of miR‐4301 by software analysis. While upregulating miR‐4301 by RV, the expression of PPP1R3D and glycogen synthase (GS) is suppressed. For the first time, the effect of miR‐4301 on RV infection, and its influence on GS was investigated. Specifically, RV inhibits host cell glycogen synthesis to utilize the host intracellular glucose for promoting its own replication.
Evaluation of rapid antibody test and chest computed tomography results of COVID‐19 patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Ozturk Ali , Bozok Taylan , Simsek Bozok Tugce 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) rapid antibody test results in symptomatic patients with COVID‐19 and their chest computed tomography (CT) data. A total of 320 patients admitted to our hospital for different durations due to COVID‐19 were included in the study. Serum samples were obtained within 0–7 days from COVID‐19 patients confirmed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and chest CT scan. According to the SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR results, the patients included in the study were divided into two groups: PCR positive group (n = 46) and PCR negative group (n = 274). The relationship between chest CT and rapid antibody test results were compared statistically. Of the 320 COVID‐19 serum samples, IgM, IgG, and IgM/IgG were detected in 8.4%, 0.3%, and 11.6% within 1 week, respectively. IgG/IgM antibodies were not detected in 79.7% of the patients. In the study, 249 (77.8%) of 320 patients had positive chest CT scans. Four (5.6%) of 71 patients with negative chest CT scans had IgM and two (2.8%) were both IgM/IgG positive. IgM was detected in 23 (9.2%), IgG in one (0.4%), and IgM/IgG in 35 (14%) of chest CT scan positive patients. The rate of CT findings in patients with antibody positivity was found to be significantly higher than those with antibody negativity. The results of the present study show the accurate and equivalent performance of serological antibody assays and chest CT in detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 within 0–7 days from the onset of COVID19 symptoms. When RT‐PCR is not available, we believe that the combination of immunochromatographic test and chest CT scan can increase diagnostic sensitivity for COVID‐19.
BoDV‐1 infection induces neuroinflammation by activating the TLR4/MyD88/IRF5 signaling pathway, leading to learning and memory impairment in rats
Authors: Tang Tian , Guo Yujie , Xu Xiaoyan , Zhao Libo , Shen Xia , Sun Lin , Xie Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBorna disease virus (BoDV‐1) can infect the hippocampus and limbic lobes of newborn rodents, causing cognitive deficits and abnormal behavior. Studies have found that neuroinflammation caused by viral infection in early life can affect brain development and impair learning and memory function, revealing the important role of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment caused by viral infection. However, there is no research to explore the pathogenic mechanism of BoDV‐1 in cognition from the direction of neuroinflammation. We established a BoDV‐1 infection model in rats, and tested the learning and memory impairment by Morris water maze (MWM) experiment. RNAseq was introduced to detect changes in the gene expression profile of BoDV‐1 infection, focusing on inflammation factors and related signaling pathways. BoDV‐1 infection impairs the learning and memory of Sprague‐Dawley rats in the MWM test and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. RNAseq analysis found 986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 845 genes were upregulated and 141 genes were downregulated, and 28 genes were found to be enriched in the toll‐like receptor (TLR) pathway. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and IRF5 in the hippocampus was significantly changed in the BoDV‐1 group. Our results indicate that BoDV‐1 infection stimulates TLR4/MyD88/IRF5 pathway activation, causing the release of downstream inflammatory factors, which leads to neuroinflammation in rats. Neuroinflammation may play a significant role in learning and memory impairment caused by BoDV‐1 infection.
Soil nitrogen‐hydrolyzing enzyme activity and stoichiometry following a subtropical land use change
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Dandan , Wu Junjun , Li Jinsheng , Feng Jiao , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil extracellular enzyme activities reflect the microbial nutrient demand by microorganisms and can be strongly affected by land use change. However, how soil N‐hydrolyzing enzymes and soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry (EES) respond to land use change remains unclear. Here, we explored seasonal variations in β‐1,4‐N‐acetyl glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities and EES under afforested land (woodland and shrubland), cropland, and uncultivated land for better understanding microbial metabolism around the Danjiangkou Reservoir area. Both afforested and cropland soils averaged higher N‐hydrolyzing enzyme and specific enzyme activities [i.e., enzyme activities per unit of soil organic nitrogen (SON)] compared to the uncultivated soils, indicating fast N turnover rates after afforestation and cultivation. Higher N‐hydrolyzing enzyme activities under afforestation and cultivation could be attributed to increasing soil organic carbon and soil organic nitrogen contents. All land use types were generally restricted by nutrients limitation than C demand as mean soil ecoenzymatic C:N:P ratios deviated from 1:1:1. However, afforestation and cultivation r|esulted in greater C demand and alleviate nutrient limitation for soil microorganisms with higher ecoenzymatic C:N ratios, C:P ratios, and vector lengths. In addition, all land use types were restricted by P than N limitation with ecoenzymatic N:P ratios less than 1 and vector angle >45°, among which afforestation increased P limitation and cultivation alleviated P limitation for microbes compared with uncultivated land. Overall, our results provide insight into mechanisms of soil microbial metabolic limitation regulated by soil N‐hydrolyzing enzyme activity and EES under global land use change.
Anthropogenic and climatic‐driven peatland degradation during the past 150 years in the Greater Khingan Mountains, NE China
Authors: Han Dongxue , Gao Chuanyu , Liu Hanxiang , Li Yunhui , Cong Jinxin , Yu Xiaofei , Wang Guoping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRelationships between modern pollen, climate, and human activities are important for improving the explanation of fossil records. To better understand anthropogenic and climatic impact on peatland vegetation and environment, we assessed the impact of the human influence index (HII) on modern pollen assemblages from 61 surface soil samples (different land‐use types) in the Greater Khingan Mountains by using detrended correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis. Based on the palynological analysis, 210Pb age‐depth model, and weighted averaging partial least squares, we reconstructed HII values of Tuqiang peatland in the Greater Khingan Mountains during the last 150 years. The reconstructed HII values demonstrated that the intensity of human activities increased gradually before 1900 AD, when the population of Heilongjiang Province was less and its native inhabitants continued to hunt and gather. During the period of 1900–1950 AD, human influence intensity increased sharply and reached peak values. Wars and placer gold mining caused large numbers of people immigrated north to Heilongjiang Province, rapid population growth strengthened the human impact intensity. In addition, invaders exploited the forest resources without limit. Widescale deforestation and land reclamation destroyed vegetation landscape and reduced forest coverage seriously, which led to soil erosion and land degradation. With the foundation of new China (1949 AD), the implementation of forest protection policies clearly reduced the human disturbance intensity. However, due to the needs of economic development, human influence intensity increased again after 2000 AD.
Association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene and overactive bladder
Authors: Çırakoğlu Abdullah , Fejzullahu Arta , Benli Erdal , Yuce Ahmet , Ayyıldız Ali , Aynacıoğlu A. Şükrü 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe β3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is very important in the regulation of the human detrusor muscle function. The well‐known tryptophan64arginine polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene alters the response of the receptor to various stimuli, including adrenalin and noradrenalin, and may increase the susceptibility to develop overactive bladder (OAB). Therefore, this study was performed to determine whether ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism is associated with the pathophysiology of OAB syndrome.MethodsThe study group (n = 150) consists of 72 patients with OAB and 78 controls without OAB. Venous blood samples were taken from all participants to analyze the ADRB3 gene Trp64Arg polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. We compared the distribution of Trp64Arg polymorphism and symptom severity in both OAB and non‐OAB subjects using χ2 test and Mann–Whitney's U test, respectively.ResultsThe frequency of the 64Arg variant (heterozygous plus homozygous) in OAB and non‐OAB subjects was 15.3% and 14.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the OAB and non‐OAB groups in regard to the distribution frequency of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism. The total frequency (OAB + non‐OAB, 76 women and 74 men) of the Arg64 variant allele was 5.9% and 10.8% in women and in men, respectively. Although the frequency of the Arg64 variant was nearly twofold higher in men compared to women, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism is not significantly associated with OAB syndrome in a sample of Turkish OAB patients.
Electrochemically activated solution as bladder irrigation—An individual curative trial in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and recurrent urinary infections
Authors: Weyler Max , Jaekel Anke , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Kowollik Michael , Zeller Federico , Knuepfer Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsDriven by increasing awareness of antibiotic stewardship, especially in the vulnerable group of patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), whose frequent need for invasive interventions leads to a high incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), the goal was to find an alternative to antibiotic treatment. Our intention was for the treatment to be locally administered and well‐tolerated as well as to avoid the risk of antimicrobial resistance.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 12 catheterized NLUTD patients was performed within the setting of an individual curative trial. The decision to implement the investigational intervention was made on an individual basis with the aim of eliminating lower urinary tract bacteria before diagnostic procedures or to treat rUTI. Electrochemically activated solution (ECAS) was used as bladder irrigation (BI). The following assessments were undertaken: microbiological analysis of urine, analysis of leukocytes/erythrocytes (per µl urine); microbial resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics before and after therapy; clinical signs and patients' state of health.ResultsEradication of bacteria or an increase in microbial sensitivity to antibiotics was observed in 50%–70% of patients. No adverse events were seen. Due to the restrictions of an individual curative trial, the results are limited by the small number of patients and the absence of a control group.ConclusionIn NLUTD patients with rUTIs, the use of ECAS BI to eliminate bacteriuria before invasive procedures (e.g., urodynamics, preoperative procedures) or to treat rUTI was shown to be a promising alternative to antibiotic treatment.
Stress‐related topology optimization for castable design
Authors: Wang Chao , Xu Bin , Duan Zunyi , Rong Jianhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsidering structural strength and castability in topology optimization is very attractive from the perspective of theory and application. This article introduces stress considerations into casting‐oriented topology optimization to explore structural optimization methods that simultaneously consider the above two vital design indicators. Two stress‐related topology optimization formulations for castable design are proposed and assessed systematically, namely, a compliance minimization with stress and casting constraints and a stress minimization with casting constraint. An effective optimization algorithm is developed to overcome various numerical difficulties caused by stress and castability issues in the solution. Particularly, a nonuniform threshold scheme along with the corresponding implementation algorithm is proposed to improve the casting constraint on irregular structures without appreciably increased computational effort. Benchmark examples are presented to discuss the numerical characteristics of the achieved designs and demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced algorithms. This research illustrates the necessity and feasibility of stress considerations in casting‐oriented topology optimization. The results show that it is more appropriate to treat stress as a constraint rather than an optimization objective in the casting‐constrained topology optimization. The proposed formulations and algorithms allow designers to effectively achieve high‐performance castable designs with required structural strength requirements.
4D Aliphatic photopolymer polycarbonates as direct ink writing of biodegradable, conductive graphite‐composite materials
Authors: Brooks Scott , Cartwright Zachary , Merckle David , Weems Andrew C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhotopolymers are one of the fastest growing 3D printing material classes, despite the lack of diversity in performance or composition. A simple addition of graphite nanopowder is explored for tailoring aliphatic polycarbonate performance and enhancing advanced material properties, targeting the mechanical performance of the norbornene‐containing poly(norbornene trimethyl carbonate) using poly(trimethyl propane allyl ether carbonate) for thermoset formation using thiol‐ene photochemistry. A 30 wt% graphite‐composite photopolymer ink displays shear thinning behavior suitable for pneumatic direct ink write (DIW) printing, along with enhanced elastic modulus (15–542 MPa) and an increase in ultimate strength (2–22 MPa for the composite ink) without significant variation in the glass transition temperature. The composites are further demonstrated as 4D materials including shape memory, conductivity, and recyclability, with this work serving as a guide for designing DIW inks from photopolymer resins.
Synthesis and structure‐activity relationship of mitochondria‐targeting peptoids with varying hydrophobicity and cationic charge
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Lee Ji‐Yu , Choi Jieun , Nam Ho Yeon , Seo Jiwon , Lee Jiyoun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondria‐targeted delivery methods offer a straightforward approach for studying mitochondria‐related diseases and potentially streamlining therapeutic development. Peptoids (oligo‐N‐substituted glycines) are biocompatible peptidomimetics that display similar physicochemical properties as peptides with the added advantage of enhanced resistance to proteolytic cleavage. In particular, amphipathic peptoids are membrane‐permeable and their cationic charges and hydrophobicity can be readily modified for specific purposes, such as cell penetration, anti‐cancer or antibacterial activity. Previously, we identified a series of amphipathic peptoids that showed efficient cell penetration and mitochondrial localization. As a continued effort to identify selective mitochondrial transporters, we designed new analogs with varying hydrophobicity and net charges. We observed that overall increase in hydrophobicity did not result in enhanced mitochondrial localization while maintaining high cell permeability. Moreover, a certain degree of a positive net charge was critical for mitochondrial localization. In conclusion, our mitochondria‐targeting peptoids provide a highly selective and robust delivery system for bioactive molecules.
Developing a decision aid for youth with brachial plexus birth injuries facing treatment decisions for an elbow flexion contracture
Authors: Ho Emily S. , Parsons Janet A. , Davidge Kristen , Clarke Howard M. , Lawson Margaret L. , Wright F. Virginia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA common sequela of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is an elbow flexion contracture. Youth with BPBI and their families face rehabilitation or surgical decisions that ideally entail careful deliberation of the risks and benefits of treatment within the context of the child's and family's functional and appearance‐related goals.ObjectiveTo develop a patient decision aid (PtDA) following International Patient Decision Aid Standards to help these youth and their families make treatment decisions.DesignMixed‐methods study.SettingBrachial plexus clinic in a pediatric tertiary care center.ParticipantsFive young adults (21–24 years), 14 youth (8–19 years) and their parents, 15 families (children 2–16 years), and 19 clinicians from a brachial plexus clinic participated in the PtDA development. Seventeen other youth (8–18 years) facing treatment decisions regarding their elbow contracture field tested the PtDA prototype.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresIn‐depth interviews and participant observation to conduct a decisional needs assessment of young adults, youth, parents, and health care professionals involved in these shared decisions. Cognitive interviews to field test the PtDA prototype.ResultsEvidence from previously conducted knowledge synthesis and the youth‐focused decisional needs assessment qualitative data informed the development of new PtDA prototype, which included a questionnaire‐based values clarification method for youth to rate what matters most to them regarding their elbow function, appearance, psychosocial impact, and treatment options. The majority (90%) of youth >11 years who field tested the PtDA prototype understood its content, whereas only 29% of those between 8 and 11 years demonstrated independent comprehension. The majority (69%) responded that they would prefer to use the PtDA on their own either at home or in the clinic waiting room.ConclusionsThis new PtDA can be used to help youth with BPBI and their families to make a personal value‐based informed decision regarding treatment options for their elbow flexion contracture.
Ligand‐ and Base‐Free Cu‐Catalyzed C−N Coupling of Aminoquinolines with Boronic Acids
Authors: Saranya Salim , Radhika Sankaran , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA ligand‐ and base‐free Cu‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of N‐arylquinolin‐8‐amine and N‐arylquinolin‐3‐amine derivatives has been developed. A wide range of N‐aryl heterocycles were synthesized in moderate to good yields under the mild condition of 10 mol% Cu(OAc)2 in 3 mL methanol at room temperature in presence of air.