bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Node- and Edge-Deletion Problems with Advice
Authors: Chen Li-Hsuan , Hung Ling-Ju , Lotze Henri , Rossmanith Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn online edge- and node-deletion problems the input arrives node by node and an algorithm has to delete nodes or edges in order to keep the input graph in a given graph class $$\Pi $$
Π
at all times. We consider only hereditary properties $$\Pi $$
Π
, for which optimal online algorithms exist and which can be characterized by a set of forbidden subgraphs $${{\mathcal{F}}}$$
F
and analyze the advice complexity of getting an optimal solution. We give almost tight bounds on the Delayed Connected$${{\mathcal{F}}}$$
F
-Node-Deletion Problem, where all graphs of the family $${\mathcal{F}}$$
F
have to be connected and almost tight lower and upper bounds for the Delayed$$H$$
H
-Node-Deletion Problem, where there is one forbidden induced subgraph H that may be connected or not. For the Delayed$$H$$
H
-Node-Deletion Problem the advice complexity is basically an easy function of the size of the biggest component in H. Additionally, we give tight bounds on the Delayed Connected$${\mathcal{F}}$$
F
-Edge-Deletion Problem, where we have an arbitrary number of forbidden connected graphs. For the latter result we present an algorithm that computes the advice complexity directly from $${\mathcal{F}}$$
F
. We give a separate analysis for the Delayed Connected$$H$$
H
-Edge-Deletion Problem, which is less general but admits a bound that is easier to compute.
Tuning Dunaliella tertiolecta for Enhanced Antioxidant Production by Modification of Culture Conditions
Authors: Roy Uttam K. , Nielsen Birthe V. , Milledge John J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroalgae, a popular source of food and bioactive compounds, accumulate antioxidants in response to culture condition stresses. Using a factorial design (3 × 3), the effect of light, temperature, and nitrogen level on chlorophyll and carotenoids, total protein, total phenolic, ascorbate and glutathione content, and enzyme (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD)) activities in Dunaliella tertiolecta was studied. Data were analysed using Design of Experiments (DoE), and recommendations are made for optimum cultivation conditions to achieve the highest antioxidant content (phenolics, ascorbate and glutathione) or enzyme (CAT, SOD, and POD) activities. This is the first study to apply three levels of three factors during cultivation to tune Dunaliella tertiolecta for optimal antioxidant production.
On the correlation between outcome indicators and the structure and process indicators used to proxy them in public health care reporting
Authors: Salampessy Benjamin H. , Portrait France R. M. , van der Hijden Eric , Klink Ab , Koolman Xander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHospital quality indicators provide valuable insights for quality improvement, empower patients to choose providers, and have become a cornerstone of value-based payment. As outcome indicators are cumbersome and expensive to measure, many health systems have relied on proxy indicators, such as structure and process indicators. In this paper, we assess the extent to which publicly reported structure and process indicators are correlated with outcome indicators, to determine if these provide useful signals to inform the public about the outcomes. Quality indicators for three conditions (breast and colorectal cancer, and hip replacement surgery) for Dutch hospitals (2011–2018) were collected. Structure and process indicators were compared to condition-specific outcome indicators and in-hospital mortality ratios in a between-hospital comparison (cross-sectional and between-effects models) and in within-hospital comparison (fixed-effects models). Systematic association could not be observed for any of the models. Both positive and negative signs were observed where negative associations were to be expected. Despite sufficient statistical power, the share of significant correlations was small [mean share: 13.2% (cross-sectional); 26.3% (between-effects); 13.2% (fixed-effects)]. These findings persisted in stratified analyses by type of hospital and in models using a multivariate approach. We conclude that, in the context of compulsory public reporting, structure and process indicators are not correlated with outcome indicators, neither in between-hospital comparisons nor in within-hospital comparisons. While structure and process indicators remain valuable for internal quality improvement, they are unsuitable as signals for informing the public about hospital differences in health outcomes.
Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a German University Student Sample
Authors: Krahé Barbara , Schuster Isabell , Tomaszewska Paulina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim–perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim–perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
Investigating the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis isolates to difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin in apple orchards in China
Authors: Li Xiancheng , Li Haiyuan , Yu Zhen , Gao Liqiang , Yang Jiarong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe resistance level of 90 single lesion conidial isolates of Venturia inaequalis collected from multiple commercial orchards in Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces and Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide difenoconazole and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide pyraclostrobin was examined. The EC50 values of the 90 isolates to difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin ranged from 0.143 to 6.735 μg/mL and 0.084 to 2.026 μg/mL, respectively. Among the isolates, 19 had resistance, 66 had reduced sensitivity, and five had sensitivity to difenoconazole; eight had resistance, 81 had reduced sensitivity, and one had sensitivity to pyraclostrobin. Although a weak correlation between difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin was detected, four isolates were identified as resistant to difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin. However, isolates with practical resistance were not found widely in our study and were only sporadic in a few places, indicating that at present, difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin are still safe for disease management in the apple-growing areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang. However, the risk of fungicide resistance should be managed with caution, and yearly monitoring of resistance development is necessary.
Gamma ray burst studies with THESEUS
Authors: Ghirlanda G. , Salvaterra R. , Toffano M. , Ronchini S. , Guidorzi C. , Oganesyan G. , Ascenzi S. , Bernardini M. G. , Camisasca A. E. , Mereghetti S. , Nava L. , Ravasio M. E. , Branchesi M. , Castro-Tirado A. , Amati L. , Blain A. , Bozzo E. , O’Brien P. , Götz D. , Le Floch E. , Osborne J. P. , Rosati P. , Stratta G. , Tanvir N. , Bogomazov A. I. , D’Avanzo P. , Hafizi M. , Mandhai S. , Melandri A. , Peer A. , Topinka M. , Vergani S. D. , Zane S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful transients in the Universe, over–shining for a few seconds all other γ-ray sky sources. Their emission is produced within narrowly collimated relativistic jets launched after the core–collapse of massive stars or the merger of compact binaries. THESEUS will open a new window for the use of GRBs as cosmological tools by securing a statistically significant sample of high-z GRBs, as well as by providing a large number of GRBs at low–intermediate redshifts extending the current samples to low luminosities. The wide energy band and unprecedented sensitivity of the Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) and X-Gamma rays Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) instruments provide us a new route to unveil the nature of the prompt emission. For the first time, a full characterisation of the prompt emission spectrum from 0.3 keV to 10 MeV with unprecedented large count statistics will be possible revealing the signatures of synchrotron emission. SXI spectra, extending down to 0.3 keV, will constrain the local metal absorption and, for the brightest events, the progenitors’ ejecta composition. Investigation of the nature of the internal energy dissipation mechanisms will be obtained through the systematic study with XGIS of the sub-second variability unexplored so far over such a wide energy range. THESEUS will follow the spectral evolution of the prompt emission down to the soft X–ray band during the early steep decay and through the plateau phase with the unique ability of extending above 10 keV the spectral study of these early afterglow emission phases.
An empirical study of derivative-free-optimization algorithms for targeted black-box attacks in deep neural networks
Authors: Ughi Giuseppe , Abrol Vinayak , Tanner Jared 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe perform a comprehensive study on the performance of derivative free optimization (DFO) algorithms for the generation of targeted black-box adversarial attacks on Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifiers assuming the perturbation energy is bounded by an $$\ell _\infty$$

ℓ
∞

constraint and the number of queries to the network is limited. This paper considers four pre-existing state-of-the-art DFO-based algorithms along with a further developed algorithm built on BOBYQA, a model-based DFO method. We compare these algorithms in a variety of settings according to the fraction of images that they successfully misclassify given a maximum number of queries to the DNN. The experiments disclose how the likelihood of finding an adversarial example depends on both the algorithm used and the setting of the attack; algorithms limiting the search of adversarial example to the vertices of the $$\ell ^\infty$$

ℓ
∞

constraint work particularly well without structural defenses, while the presented BOBYQA based algorithm works better for especially small perturbation energies. This variance in performance highlights the importance of new algorithms being compared to the state-of-the-art in a variety of settings, and the effectiveness of adversarial defenses being tested using as wide a range of algorithms as possible.
Psychological impact and implementation of preventative measures in hemodialysis centers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a provincial questionnaire survey in China
Authors: Chen Yuanhan , Wu Yanhua , Hu Penghua , Fu Xia , Liu Shuangxin , Song Li , Dong Wei , Yu Xueqing , Liang Xinling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the psychological status of patients and staff, and the implementation of preventative measures in hemodialysis centers in Guangdong province, China, during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods
An electronic questionnaire survey was carried out anonymously between March 28 and April 3, 2020. All of the 516 hemodialysis centers registered in Guangdong province were invited to participate in the survey. The questionnaires were designed to investigate the psychological status of hemodialysis patients and general staff members (doctors, nurses, technicians, and other staff), and to address the implementation of preventative measures for administrators (directors or head nurses) of the hemodialysis centers.

Results
A total of 1782 patients, 3400 staff, and 420 administrators voluntarily participated in this survey. Patients living in rural areas reported a higher incidence of severe anxiety compared to those living in other areas (in rural areas, towns, and cities, the incidence rate was 17.0%, 9.0%, and 8.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). Medical staff were less likely to worry about being infected than non-medical staff (13.1% vs 30.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). With respect to the implementation of preventative measures, hemodialysis centers in general hospitals outperformed stand-alone blood purification centers, while tertiary hospitals outperformed hospitals of other levels. However, restrictions regarding the admission of non-resident patients were lower in tertiary hospitals than in other hospitals. In this situation, only one patient imported from Hubei province was diagnosed with COVID-19.

Conclusions
COVID-19 did not significantly affect the psychological status of most patients and medical staff members. Due to the implementation of comprehensive preventative measures, there were no cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers. This provincial-level survey may provide referential guidance for other countries and regions that are experiencing a similar pandemic.
Das Kompetenz-Reflexions-Inventar (KRI) – Konstruktion und erste psychometrische Überprüfung eines Messinstrumentes
Authors: Kauffeld Simone 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation.“ (GIO) beschäftigt sich mit dem Kompetenz-Reflexions-Inventar (KRI), welches das Selbstkonzept beruflicher Handlungskompetenz erfasst. Der Fragebogen besteht aus 80 Items, die in 20 min beantwortet werden können. Mit Hilfe von separaten Faktorenanalysen (N = 156) konnten für die Fachkompetenz die Skalen Konzeptionelles Denken, Kenntnis der Organisation und Abläufe, Problemerkennung, Entwicklung von Lösungen, für die Methodenkompetenz die Skalen Moderation und Präsentation, Planung, Reflexivität, Umgang mit IKT (Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie) und Technik, Konzentration, Aufgabenverteilung, für die Sozialkompetenz die Skalen Positionierung des eigenen Standpunktes, Motivation von Anderen, Akzeptanz und Anerkennung, Kontaktaufbau und -pflege, Rücksichtnahme und Besonnenheit und für die Selbstkompetenz die Skalen Mitwirkung, Verantwortungsübernahme und Initiative, Veränderungsinteresse sowie Selbstmanagement identifiziert und an einer zweiten Stichprobe weitgehend bestätigt werden (N = 368). Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen ergaben darüber hinaus Hinweise für eine Einteilung der 19 Skalen beruflicher Handlungskompetenz in die vier Facetten Fach‑, Methoden‑, Sozial- und Selbstkompetenz. Als Validitätshinweise können die moderaten bis mittleren positiven Zusammenhänge der Kompetenzskalen und -facetten zum (1) beruflichen Erfolg, (2) dem Brutto-Jahres-Einkommen, (3) zur Zufriedenheit im Beruf sowie (4) den lernrelevanten Merkmalen der Arbeitsaufgabe interpretiert werden. Die Veränderungssensitivität des KRI bei Trainingsmaßnahmen konnte in zwei Teilstichproben nachgewiesen werden. Zusammenfassend ermöglicht das KRI, das hinsichtlich zentraler Gütekriterien an Berufstätigen überprüft wurde, die standardisierte und ökonomische Erfassung des Selbstkonzepts beruflicher Kompetenz.
Effect of Coupled Torsional and Transverse Vibrations of the Marine Propulsion Shaft System
Authors: Halilbeşe Akile Neşe , Zhang Cong , Özsoysal Osman Azmi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the coupled torsional–transverse vibration of a propeller shaft system owing to the misalignment caused by the shaft rotation was investigated. The proposed numerical model is based on the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model. The equation of motion describing the harmonic vibrations of the system was obtained using the Euler–Lagrange equations for the associated energy functional. Experiments considering different rotation speeds and axial loads acting on the propulsion shaft system were performed to verify the numerical model. The effects of system parameters such as shaft length and diameter, stiffness and damping coefficients, and cross-section eccentricity were also studied. The cross-section eccentricity increased the displacement response, yet coupled vibrations were not initially observed. With the increase in the eccentricity, the interaction between two vibration modes became apparent, and the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental measurements improved. Given the results, the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model can represent the coupled torsional–transverse vibration of propulsion shaft systems.
Economic design of alternative system to reduce the water distribution losses for sustainability
Authors: Surendra H. J. , Suresh B. T. , Ullas T. D. , Vinayak T. , Hegde Vinay P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater companies and their consumers affected with leakages in water distribution system worldwide. This has attracted many practitioner’s attention as well as researchers over the past years. Selected study area suffers from water losses of about 10 to 15% which accounts to loss of about 9 to 9.75 million liters per month. The present study was under taken to understand, analyze and evaluate the losses and suggest preventive measures of wrapping and repair clamping for control of these losses. The assessment of water losses is done through comparative analysis of data using Microsoft Excel software. Population forecasting is done in context of assessing the amount of water lost that can be prevented in future decades, adjusting to increased water demand and losses. For better efficiency of the suggested methods, experimental analysis was carried out on a reduced scale model of a single stretched pipeline. Cost estimation of the preventive measures was done by obtaining information about the materials used by trading professionals.
Effects of transpression on the rocks exposed at the Jhelum Fault Zone in the east of Potwar Basin, Pakistan: implications on the subsurface deformation pattern
Authors: Safi Ibrahim , Rehman Gohar , Yaseen Muhammad , Wahid Sohail , Nouman Muhammad , Fida Sadaf , Gul Shehla , Anjum Muhammad Naveed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJhelum Fault is the north–south-oriented major structural lineament originating from the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis and extending southwards towards the Mangla Lake. Geographic extent, nature and significance of Jhelum Fault are the subjects which have been approached by different researchers in the past. The previous research provides enough evidence for the presence of Jhelum Fault as well as they discourse its surface extent. None of the previous research addresses the subsurface model of this fault; consequently, its surface extent has been ambiguous and variably reported. The current research takes into account both the surface lineament as well as the subsurface behaviour of the deformed strata to draft the most reasonable depiction of this fault. Field data were coupled with satellite image of 1.5 m ground resolution to produce the geological map of the study area at 1:25,000 scale. The subsurface model was created along four traverse lines by considering the lateral extent of the structures and their shifting trends on the geological map. The stratigraphic package was taken from the nearby hydrocarbon exploratory well data (Missakeswal-01 well of OGDCL) as no rocks older than middle to late Miocene were exposed in the area. The consistent through-going map extents of many faults in the study area prove that faults are playing the major role in the tectonic evolution of the Jhelum Fault Zone. In the subsurface model, the same faults show very little stratigraphic throw, which signify the major stress component to be associated more with wrenching than pure compression. Therefore, most faults in the area are of transpressional nature having dominant lateral component with relatively smaller push towards west on steeply east dipping faults. The model also shows the positive flower structure with dominantly west verging fault system with few east verging back thrusts. The subsurface proposed model shows that the Jhelum Fault is extendible southwards to the Mangla Lake in the subsurface; however, it acts like a continuous shear zone on the surface where there all the shearing is accommodated by tight refolded fold axes. The east–west shortening does not exceed 14.5% which shows smaller compression in the study area. The 3D model further clarifies the model by showing the consistency of the fault system along strike.
Combining crop diversification practices can benefit cereal production in temperate climates
Authors: Rodriguez Carolina , Mårtensson Linda-Maria Dimitrova , Jensen Erik Steen , Carlsson Georg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiversifying cropping systems by increasing the number of cash and cover crops in crop rotation plays an important role in improving resource use efficiency and in promoting synergy between ecosystem processes. The objective of this study was to understand how the combination of crop diversification practices influences the performance of arable crop sequences in terms of crop grain yield, crop and weed biomass, and nitrogen acquisition in a temperate climate. Two field experiments were carried out. The first was a 3-year crop sequence with cereal or grain legume as the first crops, with and without undersown forage legumes and forage legume-grass crops, followed by a cereal crop. The second experiment was a 2-year crop sequence with cereal or legume as the first crops, a legume cover crop, and a subsequent cereal crop. For the first time, crop diversification practices were combined to identify plant-plant interactions in spatial and temporal scales. The results partly confirm the positive effect of diversifying cereal-based cropping systems by including grain legumes and cover crops in the crop sequence. Legume cover crops had a positive effect on subsequent cereal grain yield in one of the experiments. Using faba beans as the first crop in the crop sequence had both a positive and no effect on crop biomass and N acquisition of the subsequent cereal. In cover crops composed of a forage legume-grass mixture, the grass biomass and N acquisition were consistently increased after the grain legume, compared to the cereal-preceding crop. However, differences in the proportion of legume to grass in mixture did not influence crop yield or N acquisition in the subsequent cereal. In conclusion, these results support that increased crop diversity across spatial and temporal scales can contribute to resource-efficient production and enhance the delivery of services, contributing to more sustainable cropping systems.