bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Micro Sandblasting on the Surface Integrity of the AlTiN Coated Tool Material
Authors: Yu Zhou , Dong Yujuan , Zheng Guangming , Jiang Xiuli , Cheng Xiang , Yang Xianhai , Chang Kaishuo , Li Xuewei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the high-efficiency, environmental protection the low cost, the micro sandblasting technology is used in the surface treatment of the coated tools. The simulation and application of micro sandblasting of the coated tool are carried out to reveal the surface treatment mechanism and analyze the influence of sandblasting parameters on the tool surface integrity. The flow field erosion simulation model of abrasive-water-air three-phase flow is established. The results show that the maximum velocity and pressure are obtained at the center of jet flow. The pressure distribution on the target surface has little correlation with the distance to the nozzle. The surface morphology of the AlTiN coated tool changes obviously after micro sandblasting. Moreover, the low surface roughness Ra of the blasted tool can be obtained at the small sandblasting pressure and time. Additionally, the residual compressive stress on the surface of the AlTiN coated tool is enhanced after micro sandblasting. This work has practical significance for optimizing micro sandblasting process and improving the surface integrity of coated tools.
Influenza Virus Vaccination in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Induces a Significant Reduction of Relapse and Influenza Virus Infection: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Ishimori Shingo , Ando Takashi , Kikunaga Kaori , Terano Chikako , Sato Mai , Komaki Fumiyo , Hamada Riku , Hamasaki Yuko , Araki Yoshinori , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Nakanishi Koichi , Nakazato Hitoshi , Matsuyama Takeshi , Iijima Kazumoto , Yoshikawa Norishige , Ito Shuichi , Honda Masataka , Ishikura Kenji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although vaccination may precipitate relapses of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children with idiopathic NS, no data are available regarding NS activity regarding influenza (flu) virus infections and NS relapses after receiving inactivated flu vaccines. We conducted a nationwide study of children aged 6 months to 15 years with idiopathic NS to assess the relationship between NS relapse, flu vaccination, and flu infections. We used a multivariate Poisson regression model (MPRM) to calculate the risk ratio (RR) for flu infection and for NS relapse in children with and without flu vaccination. Data of 306 children were assessed. The MPRM in all 306 children showed a significantly lower RR for flu infection (RR: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.38) and for NS relapse (RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14–0.35) in children receiving flu vaccination compared with unvaccinated children. In an additional MPRM only among 102 children receiving flu vaccination, they had a significantly lower risk for NS relapse during the post-vaccination period (RR: 0.31. 95% CI: 017–0.56) compared with the pre-vaccination period. Although our study was observational, based on the favorable results of flu vaccinations regarding flu infections and NS relapse, the vaccine may be recommended for children with NS.
GWAS Identifies Candidate Susceptibility Loci and Microrna Biomarkers for Acute Encephalopathy with Biphasic Seizures and Late Reduced Diffusion
Authors: Kasai Mariko , Omae Yosuke , Kawai Yosuke , Shibata Akiko , Hoshino Ai , Mizuguchi Masashi , Tokunaga Katsushi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a severe encephalopathy preceded by viral infections with high fever. AESD is a　multifactorial disease, however, few disease susceptibility genes have previously been identified. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and assessed functional variants in non-coding regions to study genetic susceptibility in AESD using 254 Japanese children with AESD and 799 adult healthy controls. We also performed a microRNA enrichment analysis using GWAS statistics to search for candidate biomarkers in AESD. The variant with the lowest p-value, rs1850440, was located in the intron of serine/threonine kinase 39 gene (STK39) on chromosome 2q24.3 (p = 2.44 × 10−7, odds ratio = 1.71). The minor allele T of rs1850440 correlated with the stronger expression of STK39 in peripheral blood. This variant possessed enhancer histone modification marks in STK39, the encoded protein of which activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. One of the candidate microRNAs identified by the microRNA enrichment analysis was associated with inflammatory responses regulated by the MAPK pathway. This study identified STK39 as a novel susceptibility locus of AESD, found microRNAs as potential biomarkers, and implicated immune responses and the MAPK cascade in its pathogenesis.
Balloon Dacryocystoplasty with Pushed Monocanalicular Intubation as a Primary Management for Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Lai Chun-Chieh , Yang Cheng-Ju , Lin Chia-Chen , Chi Yi-Chun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Though dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has long served as the gold treatment for primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), balloon dacryocystoplasty (DCP) and silicone stent intubation were applied especially in partial PANDO in the attempts to avoid osteotomy and reduce invasiveness. Herein, we present the results of the combined procedures with balloon DCP and pushed monocanalicular intubation in complete PANDO, and comparison of the combination to balloon DCP alone. We retrospectively reviewed 72 eyes of 56 patients, including 37 eyes of 29 patients in the combination group and 35 eyes of 28 patients in the balloon DCP alone group. There was no significant difference in the success rate between antegrade balloon DCP with and without pushed MCI in general. Nevertheless, interestingly the former procedure was associated with significantly higher surgical success rate than the latter in younger patients.
Gut Microbiota Shifts Favorably with Delivery of Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention in a Prospective Cohort (CHoBI7 Trial)
Authors: Monira Shirajum , Barman Indrajeet , Jubyda Fatema Tuz , Ali Sk. Imran , Islam Aminul , Rahman Kazi Mohammad Zillur , Rashid Mahamud-ur , Johura Fatema-Tuz , Sultana Marzia , Zohura Fatema , Bhuyian Sazzadul Islam , Parvin Tahmina , Ahmed Tahmeed , Sack David , Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M. , Hossain Maqsud , Watanabe Haruo , George Christine , Alam Munirul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cholera can result in the expulsion of important microbiota from the gut and result in death if left untreated. The disease transmits mainly via drinking water carrying Vibrio cholerae; and household contacts (HHC) of cholera patients are at elevated risk during the first week of infection. The gut microbiota profiles of HHC-children of cholera patients at Dhaka city slums were investigated before (day 0) and after (day 8) delivery of chlorinated water as part of the cholera-hospital-based intervention for 7 days (CHoBI7), a randomized controlled trial. Results of sequencing and analysis of bacterial community DNA revealed the predominance of two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at day 0 with a relative abundance of 62 ± 6 (mean ± SEM %) and 32 ± 7, respectively. The pattern reversed at day 8 with a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (39 ± 12) and an increased abundance of Firmicutes (49 ± 12). Of 65 bacterial families confirmed at day 0, six belonging to Proteobacteria including Vibrionaceae disappeared at day 8. Interestingly, the relative abundance of four Firmicutes families– Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in all five study children at day 8. The observed exclusion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and enhancement of beneficial Firmicutes in the gut of children delivered with chlorinated water as part of WASH intervention reflect a great promise of the CHoBI7 program in preventing cholera and improving child health.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Arterial Geometries in Different Severities of Symmetrical Stenosis on Pressure Drop and Pump Power
Authors: SONMEZ Fatin , YILDIRIM Orhan , KARAGOZ Sendogan , GUNDOGDU Fuat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biomedical studies is among the multidisciplinary studies attracting most interest in recent years. Blood and vessel interactions and consequent hemodynamic effects cause cardiovascular diseases. A testing setup constituted by a peristaltic pump (similar to the heart mechanism) system was installed. The purpose of the experimental study presented is to investigate the effect, pressure drop, peristaltic pump inlet and outlet pressure and most importantly, the amount of power consumed by the peristaltic pump regarding arterial stenosis severity with varying areal stenosis percentages. The tests were performed for the pulse values from 54 to 168 bpm by setting up models with 0%, 60%, 70% and 80% symmetrical stenosis severities. In the study, the pressure difference in the test area increased concomitantly with elevated pulse value and increased stenosis severity. This situation revealed that as the intensity of narrowing increases in vessels, the narrowing space differential pressure increases, and this amount increases even more with increased exertion. The pressure at the peristaltic pump outlet increased concomitantly with elevated pulse value and increased stenosis severity. The peristaltic pump overworked to overcome the increased differential pressure related to the increased pulse value and stenosis severity. This result of the experimental data reveals the necessity to avoid activities requiring high pulse in human arteries similarly with a high percentage of stenosis.
Role of ACE2 And TMPRSS2 Protease In SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics Among Household Contacts of PCR-Confirmed Cases: Impact of A Combined Serological Signature Analysis On Diagnosis
Authors: Poch-Páez Jesús , nóvoa-medina yeray , Montesdeoca-Melián Abián , Hernández-Betancor Araceli , Rodríguez-Esparragón Francisco J. , Pavlovic-Nesic Svetlana , Hernández-Febles Melisa , González-Martín Jesús M. , Cappiello Laura , Wallis-Gómez Valewska , Quiralte-Castillo Joaquin , Maján-Rodríguez Alejandro , De Vera Martín Castillo , Angulo-Moreno Maria T. , González-Pérez Augusto , Rodríguez Asunción , Espinel-Padrón Zelidety , Canino-Calderín Elisa M. , Manzano-Gracia Irina , Colino-Gil Elena , Dominguez Ana I. Reyes , Moreno-Afonso Irina , McLaughlin-García Raquel , Naranjo-Báez Maria L. , Bordes-Benitez Ana , De Miguel-Martínez Isabel , Rodríguez-Gallego Carlos , Peña-Quintana Luis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To examine the hypothesis that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression are related to disease susceptibility and severity across age groups and to evaluate the role children play in the household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Methods: We used a combined serological strategy to confirm past infection in subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 between march 10th and June 2nd 2020 and to evaluate their household members. We also quantified ACE2 and TPMRSS2 expression from saliva. A total of 258 households were included in the study, for a total of 650 volunteers (including 89 children aged under 18 years of age).Results: Our combined testing strategy increased our sensibility by 10%. Antibody indexes decreased with age in children and increased with age in adults. They also increased with disease severity. ACE2 expression was slightly increased in younger children. ACE2 was not related to any other factors. We did not find any relationship between TMPRSS2 expression and any of the studied factors. Children are less frequently infected by SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0,56), they present fewer symptoms and decreased severity. Age and sharing the bedroom with an index case increases the risk of acquiring the infection. The risk in adults increases with age, whereas in children, it increases in younger children. Conclusions: Our results do not support that the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 might be related to susceptibility or severity of COVID19 disease. Children have a decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults and, when infected, they present less symptoms and a more benign course.
Optimizing palliative chemotherapy for advanced invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Jang Yoon Jung , Hyun Dong-gon , Choi Chang-Min , Lee Dae Ho , Kim Sang-We , Yoon Shinkyo , Kim Woo Sung , Ji Wonjun , Lee Jae Cheol 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

A primary pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. The prognosis of advanced IMA depending on chemotherapy regimen has not been fully investigated. Here, we compared the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced IMA treated with different palliative chemotherapies that included novel therapeutics.
Methods

This single-center retrospective study included a total of 79 patients diagnosed with IMA and treated with palliative chemotherapy. The primary outcome was the comparison of overall survival according to palliative chemotherapy type. Risk factors associated with death were evaluated as a secondary outcome.
Results

The study cohort of 79 patients comprised 27 progressive or recurrent cases and 52 initial metastatic patients. Thirteen patients (16.5%) received targeted therapy and 18 cases (22.8%) received immunotherapy. When we compared the survival outcomes of the different treatment regimens, patients with IMA treated by immunotherapy (undefined vs. non-immunotherapy 17.0 months, p < 0.001) had better overall survival rates. However, there was no difference in the prognosis between the cases treated with a targeted therapy (35.6 vs. non-targeted therapy 17.0 months, p = 0.211). None of the conventional regimens produced a better outcome. By multivariable analysis, immunotherapy (HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.11–0.74; P = 0.008) was found to be an independent prognostic factor for death.
Conclusions

This study suggests that immunotherapy for patients with advanced IMA may provide favorable outcomes than other chemotherapy options.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude of women in Herat, Afghanistan on Abortion: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Jain Samarvir , Emma Nalianya , Afzali Habibah , Razaqi Nosaibah , Ahmadi Mozhgan , Yousufi Marjan , Zaheer Maryam , Bhattacharya Sudip , III Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: According to the World Health Organization abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy prior to 20 weeks of gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500g. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of women on abortion in Herat city of Afghanistan. This cross-sectional study also serves to fill up the gap of the scarcity of data on abortion in Afghanistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged over 18 years old from over the 15 districts of Herat city of Afghanistan during 25 th March 2021 to 1 st June 2021. A total of 419 women participated in this study. Results: Total 30.3% of our participants were aged between 18-24 years old and 24.1% of the participants aged between 25-34 years old. Our 78.8% of the participants were married and 35.8% of the participants were Pashtuns by religion. Among 41.5% of them heard about safe abortion methods. Our 56.6% of the participants had a good knowledge score on abortion. Total 57.5% of the participants who aged between 18-24 years old had a good level of knowledge on abortion. Of all the illiterate participants in this study, 46.7% of them had a good level of knowledge on abortion while 76.9% of participants with high school educational level had a good level of knowledge on abortion. Conclusion: A comprehensive campaign on safe abortion covering all the ethical, religious, constitutional, and scientific domains should be considered by the ministry of Public Health. It is recommended that the ministry of education of Afghanistan consider organizing trainings on safe abortion for high school male and female students.
Distribution, phenology, and land cover preference risk assessments of four South-Central US milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) important for monarch butterflies
Authors: Tracy James L , Kantola Tuula , Baum Kristen A , Coulson Robert N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
South-Central US milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are critical adult nectar and larval food resources for producing the first spring and last summer/fall generations of declining eastern migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). MaxEnt niche models were developed for North American ranges of four important South-Central US milkweeds: Asclepias asperula ssp. capricornu, A. viridis, A. oenotheroides, and A. latifolia. Twelve models per species utilized subsets of six to eight of 95 edapho-topo-climatic variables chosen by a random subset feature selection algorithm. Milkweed weekly phenology was compared between early and late season periods of monarch activity. Novel land cover preference risk assessments were developed for milkweeds through land cover utilization-availability analyses, incorporating a novel sample bias reduction method for citizen science data before calculation of relativized electivity index (E*) land cover preference. Asclepias a. ssp. capricornu and A. viridis occurred more frequently during early season monarch activity, while A. oenotheroides and A. latifolia occurred more frequently during late season monarch activity. Milkweed utilization of roadsides varied from 6–31%. Developed-Open Space and Grassland Herbaceous land classes generally had highest benefit among milkweeds. Cultivated Crops and Shrub/Scrub had high risk. Combined milkweed high Ei* kernel density estimation surfaces resolved interior and coastal corridors of milkweed land cover preference providing functional connectivity for the monarch spring and fall migrations. A potentially critical gap in milkweed land cover benefit connectivity was identified in South Texas. Milkweed land cover preference risk assessments can be used to prioritize milkweed habitat conservation for enhancing monarch migration connectivity across the South-Central US.
Current trends and future perspective of renewable energy research in Africa; A Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Afrane Sandylove , Ampah Jeffrey Dankwa , Aboagye Emmanuel Mensah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several countries across the African continent have been challenged with energy crisis for decades. A growing number of studies have identified renewable energies as a sustainable way for Africa to address its persisting energy situation, as the continent has in abundance some of the popular renewable energy sources. However, little has been reported in the body of literature about this growing research area's global mapping and knowledge domain. By bridging this gap in research, it becomes easy to identify which authors, countries, organizations/institutions are likely to produce research that paves the way for the easy penetration of renewable energy into the existing African energy mix. Moreover, potential investors in the continent’s renewable energy can easily identify the most popular and advantageous renewable energy to invest in. Thus, the current study seeks to achieve these aims by conducting a bibliometric analysis on 1037 publications extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection using the VOSviewer software. The results from the study revealed a growing interest in Africa’s renewable energy, with a 200% increase within the last five years. The most productive journal, institution, and country in this subject have been Energy Policy, University of Cape Town, and South Africa, respectively. Research hotspots under different study themes also revealed that ‘solar energy,’ ‘CO2 emissions,’ and ‘rural electrification’ are hot issues that have gained maximum attention over the years. Results from the current study provide a paradigm for the development of Africa’s renewable energy sector.
Pharmacists as Immunizers in Lebanon: A National Survey of Community Pharmacists’ Willingness and Readiness to Administer Adult Immunization
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abbas Linda Abou , Farhat Suzan , Hassan Hamad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the focus of healthcare has shifted toward prevention, pharmacists were highly encouraged to expand their practice to include immunization services. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of community-based Lebanese pharmacists, in addition to their willingness to expand their practice scope to include vaccine administration. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the phase preceding the arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine in Lebanon between 1st and 31st December 2020. Data were collected from Lebanese pharmacists through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical experience, willingness to administer vaccines, knowledge about vaccination, attitudes towards immunization, reasons supporting utilizing pharmacists as immunizers and the requested elements to incorporate immunization in pharmacists’ practice scope. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed. Participants’ overall knowledge and overall attitude were categorized using modified Bloom’s cut-off point as good if the score was equal or more than 60%, and poor if the score was less than 60%.Results: A total of 412 community pharmacists participated in this survey. Of the total, 66.5% of the surveyed community pharmacists are willing to administer vaccines. The majority of surveyed pharmacists (96.1%) had an overall good level. Out of all, 92.7% showed a positive overall attitude score toward immunization, 95.4% agreed that community pharmacists can play an important role in advertising and promoting vaccination. The main needed elements for implementing immunization services in pharmacies listed by participants were: support of health authorities (99.3%), statutory allowance (82.8%), patient demand (95.4%), pharmacist’s interest (96.1%) and continuous education and training workshops on immunization. Conclusion: Most of Lebanese community pharmacists are willing to offer immunizations. However, before any statutory reform targeting the expansion of pharmacists’ scope of practice to include provision of immunizations, it is important to consider education and training as a fundamental part of the process.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Thailand (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Thailand, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.