bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
166 Air emissions from swine industrial livestock operations and sleep among residents in nearby residential communities
Authors: Jackson Chandra , MacNell Nathaniel , Heaney Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Waste from swine industrial livestock operations (ILOs) produces air pollutants that have been associated with negative health outcomes among nearby residents.

Methods
Using a repeated-measures design, we assessed the impact of odor emissions on sleep duration and awakenings, important components and determinants of health and quality-of-life. Study participants from 16 residential communities in eastern North Carolina hosting swine ILOs, from 2003 to 2005, completed twice-daily diaries in which they rated the strength of hog odors and indicated whether they were asleep or awake per hour for two weeks. Simultaneously, a monitoring trailer placed in a central location in each community measured the atmospheric concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Subject-conditional fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate associations between two markers of swine ILO pollutant exposures (H2S and swine odor) and two self-reported sleep outcomes (nightly sleep duration and awakening from sleep).

Results
Among 80 participants, nightly (across a 12-hour period) swine odor was associated with lower-nightly sleep duration (mean difference = -14.3 minutes, 95% confidence interval -25.0 to -3.3 minutes) compared to odor-free nights and detection of nightly hydrogen sulfide was associated with a 23% increased hazard of awakening (Hazard ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.55) compared to nights with no detection of hydrogen sulfide.

Conclusion
These results suggest that emissions reductions and odor abatement are important public health goals in designing policy and technology solutions to the problems of livestock production and waste management.

Support (if any)
This work was funded, in part, by the Intramural Program at the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1AES103325-01).
177 The Relationship between Language Preference and Sleep Aid Utilization among Spanish and English-speaking Latinx Adults
Authors: Morris Melanie , Giorgio Luciana , Alcántara Carmela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Studies have found positive associations between acculturation and self-reported sleep disturbances among Latinx adults, however whether acculturation-related factors influence treatment preferences for sleep disturbances remain underexplored. This study examines the relationship between language preference, an indicator of acculturation, and various types of sleep aid use among Latinx adults.

Methods
Using cross-sectional screener survey data from the LAtino Sleep and Health Study (N=739) of Latinx adults living in NYC, we conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between language preference and 3 types of sleep aid use (prescription, over-the-counter, and natural/herbal). Language preference was determined by whether the survey was completed in English or Spanish. Participants responded “Yes/No” to each type of sleep aid use. Primary regression models included adjustments for gender and age. Sensitivity analyses were conducted accounting for self-reported, physician-diagnosed sleep disorders.

Results
In unadjusted models, participants with Spanish-language preference were 2.38 (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.30-4.36) and 1.80 (OR=1.80,95%CI:1.27-2.55) times more likely to report prescription and natural/herbal sleep aid use, respectively, compared to those with English-language preference. In primary models, language preference was not significantly associated with any type of sleep aid use. However, being below age 50 was associated with 68% and 44% decreased odds of reporting prescription and natural/herbal sleep aid use, respectively, when compared to those above age 50-79 (OR=0.32, 95%CI:0.16-0.64; OR=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.84).Those who reported a sleep disorder were 6.35, 2.65, and 2.83 times more likely to report prescription, over-the-counter, and natural/herbal sleep aid use (OR=6.35, 95%CI:3.45-11.69; OR=2.65,95%CI:1.61-4.36; OR=2.83, 95%CI:1.85-4.37) compared to those without sleep disorder.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine language preference and sleep aid use in a Latinx sample. After adjusting for demographics, language was no longer significantly associated with prescription or over-the-counter sleep aid use. This change in significance may be due to differences in the age composition of the sample by language preference. Future studies in more balanced age samples should replicate these findings, and further unpack the determinants of prescription sleep aid use in Latinx adults with sleep disorders given the adverse side effects associated with prescription sleep aids.
Support (if any):
180 Are Sleep Education Programs Equitable? A Meta-Analysis on Sleep Knowledge and Behaviors Across Gender and Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Nickel Allison , Lage Candice , Porro Abbye , Gao Chenlu , Johnson Dayna , Scullin Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Female and under-represented minority students (URMs) disproportionately experience sleep disturbances. Such sleep disparities may contribute to health disparities and academic achievement gaps. A potential solution is to improve sleep quality via education-based sleep interventions, but it remains unclear whether such interventions produce equitable sleep outcomes across gender and racial/ethnic groups.

Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis on sleep education interventions in high school and college students. We requested that authors provide demographic-separated data on how the intervention changed sleep knowledge, sleep quality, and sleep duration. Data were shared from 12 of the studies that met inclusion criteria (N=964; 64.8% female; 27.6% URM). We used random-effects models and computed Hedges’ g for each demographic group for each variable/study separately. We also systematically reviewed the content of each intervention to evaluate diversity, inclusion, and cultural sensitivity metrics.

Results
Sleep education significantly improved sleep knowledge (g=.82, p&lt;.001) and sleep quality (g=.14, p=.01), but not sleep duration (g=.12, p=.28). Pre-to-post change scores indicated that the sleep education intervention was similarly effective for sleep knowledge across males (g=.80, p=.01) and females (g=.76, p=.002); sleep knowledge also similarly improved in White/Caucasian students (g=.94, p=.002), Asian students (g=.85, p=.08), and URM students (g=1.24, p=.01). Furthermore, sleep quality improved in Asian students (g=.28, p=.03), White/Caucasian students (g=.12, p=.09), and female students (g=.22, p=.008; but not males; g=.11, p=.22). Whereas URM students showed the largest improvement in sleep knowledge (g=1.24), they showed the least improvement in sleep quality (g=.07, p=.58). Systematic review of intervention content showed that 75% of interventions were individually-focused (e.g., interviews, participants selected their own goals), but only one sleep intervention was explicitly designed to be culturally sensitive and no interventions addressed financial, social, or neighborhood-level barriers to poor sleep.

Conclusion
Sleep education programs increase sleep knowledge in all student groups, but may not equitably improve sleep quality. Future sleep interventions will need to utilize theories of behavioral change, incorporate cultural tailoring, and address system-level financial, social, and other barriers to sleep quality in URM students.

Support (if any)
National Science Foundation (1920730 and 1943323)
182 Neighborhood Safety, Stress, and Sleep: Ethnic Differences
Authors: Corona Frida , Vane Ryan , Habhab Zouhour , Mednick Sara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Feelings of safety in an individual’s neighborhood have an influence on mental health, specifically, feelings of unsafety can result in emotional distress. Given the role of stress on sleep, ethnic differences in stress levels are of particular importance. The current study investigated the influence of feelings of neighborhood safety on stress and sleep, and whether this influence differs by ethnicity. The mediating role of feelings of neighborhood safety on the relation between stress and sleep was also explored.

Methods
947 participants were recruited to participate in a questionnaire through Amazon Mechanical Turk, university SONA system, and social media. Components of this survey included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Neighborhood Questionnaire Neighborhood Safety Subscale. In addition, information was collected about participants’ living surroundings.

Results
Feelings of unsafety in one’s neighborhood result in higher stress levels and poorer sleep. These differences were greater for Black Americans, Asian Americans, and Latino Americans, compared to White Americans. Feelings of lower neighborhood safety result in higher stress, leading to poorer sleep.

Conclusion
The effects of neighborhood safety on stress and sleep are of particular interest due to the ethnic differences present. Given the health disparities present for minority ethnic groups in the United States, the factors involved in feelings of neighborhood safety should be further investigated.
Support (if any):
186 Sleep among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences between Summer and School-Year
Authors: Levenson Jessica , Ray Kristin , Lavage Dan , Wehrer Edward , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Insufficient sleep is highly prevalent among school-age youth and adolescents, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear whether sleep during COVID-19 varies based on whether school is in session. We examined the sleep of school-age youth and adolescents during COVID-19 and described changes in rates of insufficient sleep from summer (Time 1) to school year (Time 2). We further examined whether insufficient sleep is associated with mental health service utilization.

Methods
Adults in Southwestern Pennsylvania with children under 18 years old in their household completed a repeated cross-sectional electronic survey. The survey was designed to assess usage of, and unmet need for, health and social service resources, among other health behaviors. As responses were anonymous with no longitudinal linking, we used descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests to examine our aims at each time point. Insufficient sleep was operationalized as &lt;9 hours (school-age youth) and &lt;8 hours (adolescents) of sleep duration, per National Sleep Foundation standards.

Results
Data were analyzed from n=97 school-age youth and n=83 adolescents at Time 1, and n=77 school-age youth and n=82 adolescents at Time 2. Most school-age youth (76.3%) obtained sufficient sleep at Time 1, which was maintained at Time 2. However, while 75.6% of adolescents obtained sufficient sleep at Time 1, that number fell to 63.3% at Time 2. Youth with insufficient sleep were more likely to utilize mental health services than those obtaining sufficient sleep at a borderline level of statistical significance (p-value = 0.097), after controlling for age group.

Conclusion
The rate of insufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19 is meaningfully higher than non-COVID, school-year rates recently reported among adolescents. Youth with insufficient sleep are more likely to utilize mental health services, though the direction of causality in that association is unknown. Future work should focus on strategies for increasing access to sleep promotion programs that support sleep health and mental health during a time of great stress.

Support (if any)
Supported in part by funding to the Pittsburgh Study (Grable Foundation, Shear Family Foundation, University of Pittsburgh Department of Pediatrics, and UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation). Dr. Levenson was supported by K23HD087433.
187 Mental health clusters during COVID-19 pandemic are associated with multiple dimensions of sleep in a sample of pregnant women
Authors: Lucchini Maristella , Firestein Morgan , Shuffrey Lauren C , Pini Nicolò , Babineau Vanessa , Fifer William P , Alcantara Carmela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep and mental health have a bidirectional relationship. During pregnancy, poor sleep health, depression and stress are common and have been associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced additional physical and psychological risk factors, due to high mortality rate, and economic and social repercussions. This study examines whether prenatal maternal mental health clusters are associated with multiple dimensions of sleep during pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
From June-December 2020, participants were recruited as part of the COVID-19 Mother Baby Outcomes (COMBO) Cohort at Columbia University (N=188; at recruitment gestational age: 32.2±8.2 weeks; age: 32±6.75 years; N=74 Hispanic, N=65 White non-Hispanic, N=27 Black/African American, N=22 other). Survey data on maternal depression (PHQ-9), perceived stress (PSS), Covid-related stress, and sleep health (PSQI) were collected. Using hierarchical clustering, we created maternal mental health clusters (MMHC). Regressions analyses were implemented to estimate the associations between multiple dimensions of sleep based on MMHC.

Results
\We derived three MMHC: Low-risk (no depression, no Covid-stress, low-moderate perceived stress), Covid-stress (no depression, moderate Covid-stress, low-moderate perceived stress) and high-risk (moderate depression, moderate Covid-stress, moderate to high perceived stress). Maternal age, gestational age, income, and race were not significantly different across clusters. The Covid-stress cluster compared to the low-risk cluster reported worse subjective sleep quality (ß=0.34±0.11, p=0.0025), longer sleep latency (ß=0.44±0.13,p&lt;0.000), more sleep disturbances (ß=0.67±0.18, p=0.004) and an overall higher PSQI score (ß=0.32±0.13,p=0.017). Compared to the low-risk group, the high-risk group reported worse subjective sleep quality (ß=0.96±0.3,p&lt;0.000), longer sleep latency (ß=0.79±0.13,p&lt;0.000), shorter sleep duration (ß=0.67±0.18,p=0.0003), lower sleep efficiency (ß=0.67±0.25,p=0.008), more sleep disturbances (ß=0.59±0.10, p&lt;0.000), higher daytime dysfunction (ß=0.85±0.10, p=0.000) and an overall higher PISQI score (ß=1.15±0.16, p&lt;0.000).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health profiles during pregnancy, with evidence of a high-risk cluster presenting Covid-stress and depressive symptoms and a Covid-stress cluster presenting Covid-stress without depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic sample of pregnant women. Both were associated with poorer sleep health outcomes compared to the low-risk cluster. These results have important implications for screening and treatment for the sleep health and obstetric communities during these unprecedented times.
Support (if any):
189 Changes in Sleep Hygiene and Sleepiness Following Social Distancing Related to COVID-19
Authors: Peszka Jennifer , Mastin David , Kennedy Lindsay , Sestir Marc , Harsh John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
It was expected COVID-19 would result in changes that could impact sleep hygiene and sleep. We examined sleep hygiene and symptoms of disrupted sleep through late April and May and demographic and psychological variables related to vulnerability/resilience to negative outcomes.

Methods
Participants (Part1: N=180, Part2: N=64; ages 18-85) solicited from a college (students, faculty/staff, alumni, parents) and local community (churches, community centers, libraries) completed a 30-minute survey (measures: sleep hygiene (SH), symptoms of sleep disruption, mental health, personality, social distancing, COVID-19 impact/experience, and demographics) for possible prizes. Part 1, April 20th-May 12th, participants answered trait questionnaires and state questionnaires for before and during social distancing, then repeated state questionnaires two weeks later (Part 2).

Results
Following initial COVID related changes, 66.1% of participants reported worsening symptoms of sleep disruption, 27.9% reported no change, and 6.3% reported improvements. 40.3% reported worsening SH, 53.5% no change, and 6.3% improvements. At 2-week follow-up, 30.4% of participants shifted from reporting no change to SH improvements over baseline. Overall, participants showed significant worsening of symptoms of sleep disruption (sleepiness, moodiness, avolition, cognitive impairments) and SH behaviors (less consistent bed- and wake-times, more frequently staying too long in bed, more pre-bed alerting activities, more bedtime negative emotion, more use of bed for purposes other than sleep, more active technology use) (d’s from .23-1.00). Worsening sleep hygiene with COVID-19 was significantly predicted by younger age (r(157)=.164, p&lt;.05), more avoidant coping (r(151)= -.337, p&lt;.05), lower life satisfaction (r(156)=.200, p&lt;.05) and greater impact/experience of COVID-19 (r(150)= -.270, p&lt;.05). Symptoms of sleep disruption showed similar, but larger, relationships.

Conclusion
Initial social distancing may have disrupted routines, added stress, and resulted in worsened sleep and sleep hygiene. Over time some adapted and improved, but most did not. Our results suggest change, especially crises such as a pandemic, may alter established behavior for the worse and/or add significant stress. Without intervention, even the robust, i.e., young, may suffer. Variables identifying those more vulnerable to disrupted sleep following change and those more likely to experience worsening sleep may help identify targets for future interventions.

Support (if any)
Nancy and Craig Wood Odyssey Professorship and Charles L. Brewer Endowed Fund
195 Association between pet ownership and sleep in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
Authors: van Egmond Lieve , Titova Olga E , Lindberg Eva , Fall Tove , Benedict Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Preliminary findings suggest that pets may improve the owner’s sleep via companionship, security, physical activity, and relaxation. On the other hand, pets can disrupt the owner’s sleep. Due to the heterogeneity of the results and the low number of studies in this field, more studies with a bigger sample size are needed to explore this association.

Methods
Using data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bIoimage Study (SCAPIS) cohort, we investigated the association of pet ownership with the following self-reported sleep outcomes in 3,788 to 4,574 participants using regression modeling: achieving the recommended daily sleep duration for adults (i.e., at least 7 hours per day); sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (a score of &gt;5 indicating poor sleep quality); and difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Results
Sleep metrics were not associated with pet ownership, dog ownership, and dog walking when controlling for possible confounders. In contrast, cat ownership was associated with a higher odds ratio of failing to achieve the recommended duration of 7 hours of sleep per day (1.18 [1.02,1.37] vs. non-cat owners). This association persisted even after adjusting for various factors known to affect sleep (e.g., shift work, lack of social interaction, and chronic stress).

Conclusion
We found that owning a cat was associated with increased odds of sleeping less than the recommended seven hours per day. General pet ownership and dog ownership were not associated with either of the sleep outcomes. Whether this means that cats represent a risk factor for short sleep duration cannot be derived from the present observational study. Future studies should more thoroughly investigate the various aspects of cat ownership, e.g., the cat′s breed, age, and co-sleeping with the cat.
Support (if any):
197 Refining the Subjective Assessment of Sleep: An SEM Approach
Authors: Sabet Sahar , Dzierzewski Joseph , Dautovich Natalie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Given that sleep is multidimensional, the assessment of sleep requires an examination of a number of different domains. Accordingly, there is an abundance of self-report sleep questionnaires that are widely used for both research and clinical use. The surplus of available measures can be problematic, as it often leads to difficulties in selecting the best measure for a given purpose/context. In addition, the use of multiple measures to assess sleep may be an inefficient use of time and resources if they are not measuring unique constructs. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the factor structure of five sleep measures. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was initially used to evaluate whether each of these scales are measuring different factors of sleep, with follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as needed.

Methods
An archival analysis was performed using data from an online study, Investigating Sleep Across Normal Development (ISLAND Study). The sample consisted of 3,284 adults aged 18+. The following measures were utilized: RU SATED, PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment, Sleep Self-Efficacy, Insomnia Severity Index, and the Sleep Regularity Questionnaire.

Results
As expected, the CFA model fit was determined to be poor and an EFA was then conducted to assess the factor structure of these scales. The EFA revealed a four-factor structure comprised of 25 items: Sleep-Related Daytime Impairment, Sleep Regularity, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep-Related Daytime Enhancement.

Conclusion
The findings from the current study add to the literature supporting the multidimensionality of sleep, as well as the continued need to assess the various facets that comprise this construct. Although the literature supports the utility of these five measures, the present study found that within a community sample, these measures are not entirely unique. Further, the present study extends our knowledge and the literature by revealing a novel factor of sleep – Sleep-Related Daytime Enhancement. It may be worthwhile for researchers and clinicians to consider latent sleep factors that contribute to sleep disturbance and sleep health. Future work is needed to further confirm the observed factor structure and assess the psychometrics of this new scale.

Support (if any)
National Institute on Aging (K23AG049955, PI: Dzierzewski).