bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Preservation Microsurgery in Vestibular Schwannomas: Worth Attempting in “Larger” Tumors?
Authors: Wallerius Katherine P. , Macielak Robert J. , Lawlor Skye K. , Lohse Christine M. , Neff Brian A. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo review hearing preservation after microsurgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas according to tumor size.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsBaseline, intraoperative, and postoperative patient and tumor characteristics were retrospectively collected for a cohort who underwent hearing preservation microsurgery. Serviceable hearing was defined by a pure tone average ≤50 dB and word recognition score ≥50%.ResultsA total of 243 patients had serviceable hearing preoperatively. Fifty (21%) tumors were confined to the internal auditory canal, and the median tumor size was 16.2 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 11.3–23.2) for tumors with cerebellopontine angle extension. Serviceable hearing was maintained in 64% of patients with tumors confined to the internal auditory canal, 28% with cerebellopontine angle extension <15 mm, and 9% with cerebellopontine angle extension ≥15 mm. On multivariable analysis, the odds ratios of acquiring nonserviceable hearing postoperatively for tumors extending <15 mm and ≥15 mm into the cerebellopontine angle were 5.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13–15.53; P < .001) and 22.11 (95% CI 7.04–69.42; P < .001), respectively, compared with intracanalicular tumors.ConclusionsThe strongest predictor of hearing preservation with microsurgery after multivariable adjustment is tumor size. Approximately 10% of patients with tumors ≥15 mm of cerebellopontine angle extension will retain serviceable hearing after microsurgery. Furthermore, hearing preservation techniques offer cochlear nerve preservation and cochlear patency allowing for possible future cochlear implantation. An attempt at hearing preservation, including avoiding surgical approaches that necessarily sacrifice hearing, is worthwhile even in larger tumors if serviceable hearing is present preoperatively.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1657–1664, 2022
The Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás properties in complex Hilbert spaces
Authors: Choi Yun Sung , Dantas Sheldon , Jung Mingu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás point property for various classes of operators on complex Hilbert spaces, which is a stronger property than the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás property. We also deal with analogous problem by replacing the norm of an operator with its numerical radius.
Barriers to transparency in Bhutan's public administration: A new typology of opacity
Authors: Venard Bertrand , Tshering Kezang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn democratic emerging countries, transparency can play an important role in reducing corruption, but only if certain barriers are overcome. This investigation contributes to transparency theory by studying the barriers to transparency and proposing a typology consisting of five barriers that lead to opacity. With focus on the public administration tasked to control corruption in the mining sector of Bhutan, we conducted 98 semi‐structured interviews within seven different stakeholder groups in different regions of Bhutan to determine the barriers to transparency in fighting corruption. A qualitative analysis technique revealed first‐ and second‐order themes resulting in five forms of opacity: idiosyncratic (nature of the industry and corruption); systemic (adequacy of information management system); deliberate (willingness to exercise control); organizational (role and process ambiguity); and capacity (sufficient resources to control). This analysis of the mining sector, a high corruption industry, in a unique, low corruption democratic emerging country, Bhutan, provides practical implications to policy‐makers attempting to improve transparency, and hence, reduce corruption. Policy and managerial implications of this research include paying more attention to the national control agencies that could be improved by heeding the five key factors that we have highlighted.
Design of shading‐ and hotspot‐resistant shingled modules
Authors: Clement Carlos Enrico , Singh Jai Prakash , Khoo Yong Sheng , Halm Andreas , Tune Daniel , Birgersson Erik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe shingled module has become an attractive interconnection architecture for its higher packing density and superior power generation. However, with longer string lengths and smaller cell areas, these modules are particularly susceptible to developing hotspots from shading elements. In this paper, a framework for the design of hotspot‐ and shading‐resistant shingled modules is presented. An electrothermal model is developed and validated extensively through specially fabricated shingled modules that allow for string‐level measurement and analysis. To investigate the relative influence of cell electrical characteristics on power loss and hotspot temperature, we perform a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation which reveals a greater sensitivity to parameters associated with the shaded cell's leakage current. A further study on cells with illumination‐dependent Jleakage shows the detriment of this light‐induced effect where higher hotspot temperatures can develop. Module‐level parameters are also investigated where string length, number of parallel strings, and cell fraction are studied in relation to their impact on module power and hotspot response. Finally, these findings are condensed into a design matrix which defines the space in which module manufacturers may configure shingled modules such that hotspots will not exceed a set threshold temperature.
Pulmonary specialist involvement in critical asthma in the pediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective review
Authors: Paskaradevan Janaki , Zier Mackenzie , Rissmiller Brian , Katkin Julie P. , Coss‐Bu Jorge A. , Gazzaneo M. Carolina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. There is a scarcity of published literature on critical asthma, considered acute asthma requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical care of children with critical asthma admitted to a single center PICU and to determine whether pulmonary medicine consultation during admission impacted outcomes.MethodsRetrospective chart review of known asthma patients aged 4–18 years admitted to a quaternary PICU between 01/2013 and 07/2019 for management of critical asthma.ResultsA total of 179 patients were enrolled with median age of 8 years. Median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 3.2 days and PICU LOS was 1.5 days. A total of 80 (44.7%) patients had a pulmonary medicine consultation. In the pulmonary medicine consultation group versus the no‐pulmonary medicine consultation group, there was a significant difference in hospital LOS (4.16 vs. 2.86 days, p value <.0001) and PICU LOS (2.00 vs. 1.00, p value <.0001), escalation of controller medication (66% vs. 21%, p value <.0001), scheduled outpatient pulmonology follow‐up (87.5% vs. 45.4%, p value <.0001), and receiving ≥3 courses of systemic steroids in the 12 months after discharge (32.2% vs. 14.7%). There was no difference in attendance of scheduled follow up appointments or in having ≥3 emergency room visits or admissions in the 12 months after discharge.ConclusionPulmonary medicine consultation during hospital admission may impact management of critical asthma by increasing escalation of controller medication and scheduled outpatient follow up.
Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains with different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Elias Oliveira Padovez Fernando , Hideo Kanno Rubens , Omoto Celso , Sartori Guidolin Aline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a difficult pest to manage mainly because of its resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins. We evaluated fitness costs of S. frugiperda resistant strains to diamide insecticides with different genetic backgrounds aiming to highlight the importance of using isogenic strains. We established a near‐isogenic strain of S. frugiperda resistant to diamides (Iso‐RR), using a chlorantraniliprole resistant strain (RR) selected from a field‐collected population and a susceptible reference strain (SS). Fitness costs were assayed using strains with close‐related genetic backgrounds (Iso‐RR and SS) and strains with distant‐related genetic backgrounds (RR and SS).RESULTSNo fitness cost associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. frugiperda was observed using the Iso‐RR strain, based on life history traits. The only parameter that differs between Iso‐RR and SS strains was the mean length of a generation (T), whereas the Iso‐RR strain presented T = 35.8 and SS strain showed T = 34.6. On the other hand, a significant fitness cost was detected using the RR strain. All population growth parameters differ between RR and SS strains. Based on the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) parameter, the relative fitness estimated was 1.02 for the Iso‐RR strain and 0.64 for the RR strain.CONCLUSIONThe genetic background of the resistant strains alters fitness cost outcomes. The RR strain showed fitness costs associated with resistance, but the Iso‐RR did not. Our work supports the decision‐making process of resistance management programs and adds to the growing body of research that enlightens the importance of strain genetics in fitness cost experiments.
Field and greenhouse application of an attract‐and‐kill formulation based on the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum and the insecticide spinosad to control Drosophila suzukii in grapes
Authors: Spitaler Urban , Cossu Carlo S , Delle Donne Lorenz , Bianchi Flavia , Rehermann Guillermo , Eisenstecken Daniela , Castellan Irene , Duménil Claire , Angeli Sergio , Robatscher Peter , Becher Paul G , Koschier Elisabeth H , Schmidt Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe invasive insect Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an important pest of several red grape varieties. The yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus), which is associated with D. suzukii, strongly attracts flies and stimulates them to feed on yeast‐laden food. In the present study, a formulation based on H. uvarum culture with spinosad insecticide was applied to the foliage of vineyards and control of D. suzukii was compared to applying spinosad to the whole plant. After successful H. uvarum and insecticide application in the vineyard, we tested additional H. uvarum‐based formulations with spinosad in a greenhouse to determine their capacity to control D. suzukii.RESULTSApplication of the H. uvarum‐spinosad formulation at 36.4 g of spinosad per hectare reduced the D. suzukii field infestation at the same rate as applying 120 g of spinosad per hectare and prevented spinosad residues on grapes. Leaves treated with H. uvarum and spinosad in the field and transferred to a laboratory assay caused high mortality to flies and reduced the number of eggs laid on fruits. Formulations with spinosad applied in the greenhouse showed that both H. uvarum culture and the yeast cell‐free supernatant of a centrifuged culture increased fly mortality and reduced the number of eggs laid compared to the unsprayed control.CONCLUSIONIn comparison to typical spinosad spray applications, the use of H. uvarum in combination with spinosad as an attract‐and‐kill formulation against D. suzukii reduces pesticide residues on the fruits by targeting the treatment to the canopy and decreasing the amount of insecticide per hectare without compromising control efficacy.
Good's syndrome presenting with CMV pneumonitis and oesophageal candidiasis: A case report
Authors: Kwok Chin Tong , Yeung Yiu Cheong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGood's syndrome is an acquired combined T‐ and B‐cell immunodeficiencies and patients are prone to opportunistic infections. The diagnosis is based on a characteristic immunoglobulin and lymphocyte subset profile, with clinical features of thymoma. Despite thymectomy, the immunodeficiencies persist and lifelong immunoglobulin replacement is necessary to prevent infections.
Robust satisficing cooperative control barrier functions for multirobots systems using information‐gap theory
Authors: Marvi Zahra , Kiumarsi Bahare 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper integrates control barrier functions (CBFs) and information‐gap theory to present robust safe controllers for collision avoidance problem in multi‐agent systems with different levels of measurement accuracy. It is assumed that agents have uncertain and inaccurate measurements about the relative distance to neighboring agents. A cooperative framework for the construction of CBFs for each two agents is employed to avoid collision and ensure the safety of the overall system. To maximize the horizon of uncertainty under which the safety of the overall system is satisfied, the information‐gap theory is leveraged to determine the contribution and share of each agent in the construction of CBFs. This results in the highest possible robustness against measurement uncertainty. It is shown that the overall system can tolerate higher measurement uncertainty and safely operate if the agent that is more confident about its measurement contributes more to the construction of the CBF. By employing the proposed approach in constructing CBF, the possible failure of one agent in gathering accurate local data can be compensated by cooperation between agents. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via performing simulations for multirobot systems.
Simultaneous Modulation of Interface Reinforcement, Crystallization, Anti‐Reflection, and Carrier Transport in Sb Gradient‐Doped SnO2/Sb2S3 Heterostructure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Han Jianhua , Yan Huiyu , Hu Chenxi , Song Qinggong , Kang Jianhai , Guo Yanrui , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, an effective quadruple optimization integrated synergistic strategy is designed to fabricate quality Sb gradient‐doped SnO2/Sb2S3 heterostructure for an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. The experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that i) optical absorption matching is realized by combining the anti‐reflection of SnO2 and high light absorption ability of Sb2S3 in the visible region; ii) interface reinforcement is carried out by coordinating gradient‐distributed Sb in SnO2 with S in S‐rich precursor of Sb2S3 for improving the Sb2S3 crystallization process and matching crystalline lattice of Sb:SnO2 and Sb2S3; iii) ultrahigh electron mobility is achieved by making Sb gradient‐doped SnO2; iv) carrier separation and transport are accelerated by constructing type‐II heterojunction with appropriate energy level alignment and forming a high‐speed electron transport channel. All of above‐mentioned optimization effects are integrated into a synergistic strategy for constructing the Sb:SnO2/Sb2S3 photoanode, achieving a photocurrent density of 2.30 mA cm−2, hydrogen generation rate of 30.03 µmol cm−2 h−1, and decent working stability. Notably, this method can also be used in other large‐scale fabrication processes, such as drop‐casting, spray‐coating, blade‐coating, printing, slot‐die, etc. Moreover, this universal integrated strategy paves an avenue to fabricate efficient photoelectrodes with excellent photoelectrochemical performances.
A Microfluidic Device to Fabricate One‐Step Cell Bead‐Laden Hydrogel Struts for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Kim JuYeon , Lee Hyeongjin , Jin Eun‐Ju , Jo Yunju , Kang Baeki E. , Ryu Dongryeol , Kim GeunHyung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell‐laden structures are widely applied for a variety of tissue engineering applications, including tissue restoration. Cell‐to‐cell interactions in bioprinted structures are important for successful tissue restoration, because cell–cell signaling pathways can regulate tissue development and stem cell fate. However, the low degree of cell–cell interaction in conventional cell‐laden bioprinted structures is challenging for the therapeutic application of this modality. Herein, a microfluidic device with cell‐laden methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) bioink and alginate as a matrix hydrogel is used to fabricate a functional hybrid structure laden with cell‐aggregated microbeads. This approach effectively increases the degree of cell‐to‐cell interaction to a level comparable to cell spheroids. The hybrid structure is obtained using a one‐step process without the exhausting procedure. It consists of cell bead fabrication and an extrusion process for the cell‐bead laden structure. Different flow rates are appropriately selected to develop cell‐laden struts with homogeneously distributed cell beads for each hydrogel in the process. The hybrid struts exhibit significantly higher cellular activities than those of conventional alginate/GelMa struts, which are bioprinted using similar cell densities and bioink formulations. Furthermore, hybrid struts with adipose stem cells are implanted into mice, resulting in significantly higher myogenesis in comparison to normally bioprinted struts.
Intelligent Agents for Social and Learning Logistics Systems
Authors: Herzog Otthein , Timm Ingo J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe digitalization of logistics processes is often based on distributed models and decentralized control. As these logistics models constitute an important part of Industrie 4.0 concepts they must be powerful enough to cover dynamic processes and must enable a host of functions such as goal-oriented, reactive, pro-active, communicative, cooperative, competitive, and learning behaviors. In addition, these distributed models must allow for simulating, planning, allocating, scheduling, and optimizing logistics tasks. This implies that they must be able to act through communication channels with each other thus establishing logistics social communities.Multiagent Systems (MAS) have been around for more than 30 years and lend themselves to the implementation of these distributed models needed for autonomous and cooperating logistics processes. It will be described and also demonstrated by three case studies why MAS are well suited for social and learning logistics systems. It will be shown how the resulting distributed MAS models provide the required functionalities for production and transportation logistics including the handling of dynamic local events as an essential feature for the successful planning, scheduling, optimizing, monitoring, and control of global logistics processes.
The Influence of Cognitive Biases in Production Logistics
Authors: Knapp Florian , Kessler Melanie , Arlinghaus Julia C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDigitalization and the transformation of industry into Industry 4.0 is changing the character of production logistics substantially. New Logistics 4.0 technologies are largely enabling automated decision-making by machines. Human decisions are nevertheless still required. Research shows, however, that human decisions are often more biased and less rational than most logistics models assume. Decision makers and decision support system designers therefore need to understand the influence of the so-called cognitive biases on the human decision-making process. We contribute to the scholarship on this issue by combining the literature streams of logistics and cognitive biases. We demonstrate the influence of cognitive biases on human decision-making based on typical decisions in logistics and derive initial hypotheses.
Omnichannel Retail Customer Experience with Mixed-Reality Shopping Assistant Systems
Authors: Jain Shubham , Schweiss Thomas , Bender Simon , Werth Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMixed reality has been identified as one of the technologies that can be deployed in omnichannel retail to improve the customer shopping experience. The article presents a mixed reality based digital shopping assistant which aims to provide retail customers with a holistic shopping experience. Design science research methodology is used to develop this physical artifact that comprises of assisting elements: product information, reviews, recommendations and a buy button. A study was conducted with two different head-mounted displays (Microsoft HoloLens and HoloLens 2) where 29 participants evaluated the proposed physical artifact and brings out the relationship between shopping experience constructs that constitutes a modern omnichannel retail customer experience. Results show a positive attitude of customers towards the technology. Differences between the two-head mounted displays were observed in terms of perceived privacy issues. Technology adoption, enjoyment and security beliefs of the customers are observed to have a significant effect on the user’s intention to use the technology. The results also reveal that a customer’s perceived convenience, perceived service quality, attitude towards the retailer and the word of mouth are affected significantly by their intention to use the technology. These results, along with qualitative comments from the participants are used to extract research, development and deployment implications for future iterations of shopping assistant systems based on mixed reality.
Die Generationen Y und Z – Neue Herausforderungen für Führungskräfte im Krankenhaus
Authors: Waeschle Reiner M. , Schmidt Christian , Mörstedt Antje-Britta 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Ziel der ArbeitIn dieser Studie wurden die Studierenden der Generationen Y und Z des Studiengangs Humanmedizin an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen hinsichtlich ihrer Präferenzen am Arbeitsplatz und der Wahl eines Arbeitgebers befragt.Material und MethodenDie Befragung wurde 2016 über einen Onlinefragebogen über EvaSys an 2637 Studierende der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen versandt und wurde von 742 beantwortet (Rücklaufquote: 28,1 %).ErgebnisseDie Befragten fühlten sich unabhängig von der Generationszugehörigkeit mit 89,5 % überwiegend „gut“ und „nicht so gut“ auf den Übergang von der Universität ins Berufsleben vorbereitet. Die häufigsten Ängste waren viel Arbeit/wenig Freizeit, Zeitmangel bei der Patientenversorgung, mangelnde Erfahrung, Stress, fachliche Überforderung und schlechte Einarbeitung. Die Beschaffung von Informationen über zukünftige Arbeitgeber erfolgte in beiden Gruppen überwiegend mit knapp 60 % über die Homepage des Krankenhauses. Wichtig waren den Studierenden eine besonders gute Ausbildung und eine strukturierte Einarbeitung/ein strukturiertes Weiterbildungscurriculum.DiskussionDie Weiterentwicklung eines strukturierten Einarbeitungskonzepts für Berufseinsteiger, ein verbindliches, strukturiertes Weiterbildungscurriculum, die Etablierung bzw. Weiterentwicklung eines Mentoring-Programms, die Weiterentwicklung von Führungsqualitäten und die Gestaltung einer ansprechenden und aktualisierten Homepage sind wesentliche Voraussetzungen, um auf dem hart umkämpften Fachkräftemarkt zukünftig erfolgreich zu sein.