bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probable contribution of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the circulation of chikungunya virus during an outbreak in Mombasa County, Kenya, 2017–2018
Authors: Lutomiah Joel , Mulwa Francis , Mutisya James , Koskei Edith , Langat Solomon , Nyunja Albert , Koka Hellen , Konongoi Samson , Chepkorir Edith , Ofula Victor , Owaka Samuel , Eyase Fredrick , Sang Rosemary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus, primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. In late 2017–2018, an outbreak of chikungunya occurred in Mombasa county, Kenya, and investigations were conducted to establish associated entomological risk factors.

Methods
Homes were stratified and water-filled containers inspected for immature Ae. aegypti, and larval indices were calculated. Adult mosquitoes were collected in the same homesteads using BG-Sentinel and CDC light traps and screened for chikungunya virus. Experiments were also conducted to determine the ability of Culex quinquefasciatus to transmit chikungunya virus.

Results
One hundred thirty-one houses and 1637 containers were inspected; 48 and 128 of them, respectively, were positive for immature Ae. aegypti, with the house index (36.60), container index (7.82) and Breteau index (97.71) recorded. Jerry cans (n = 1232; 72.26%) and clay pots (n = 2; 0.12%) were the most and least inspected containers, respectively, while drums, the second most commonly sampled (n = 249; 15.21%), were highly positive (65.63%) and productive (60%). Tires and jerry cans demonstrated the highest and lowest breeding preference ratios, 11.36 and 0.2, respectively. Over 6900 adult mosquitoes were collected and identified into 15 species comprising Cx. quinquefasciatus (n = 4492; 65.04%), Aedes vittatus (n = 1137; 16.46%) and Ae. aegypti (n = 911; 13.19%) and 2 species groups. Simpson’s dominance and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of 0.4388 and 1.1942 were recorded, respectively. Chikungunya virus was isolated from pools of Ae. aegypti (1) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (4), two of which were males. Minimum infection rates of 3.0 and 0.8 were observed for female Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. Between 25 and 31.3% of exposed mosquitoes became infected with CHIKV 7, 14 and 21 days post-exposure. For the experimentally infected Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, between 13 and 40% had the virus disseminated, with 100% transmission being observed among those with disseminated infection.

Conclusions
These results demonstrated high risk of chikungunya transmission for residents in the sampled areas of Mombasa. Transmission data confirmed the probable role played by Cx. quinquefasciatus in the outbreak while the role of Ae. vittatus in the transmission of chikungunya virus remains unknown.

Graphical Abstract
Radiative transition for χc0 → J/Ψγ from Nf = 2 twisted mass lattice QCD
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Chao-Chen , Wu Ya-Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radiative transition decay width for

was calculated by using

twisted mass lattice quantum chromodynamics gauge configurations in this preliminary study. The simulation has been performed on lattices with lattice spacings

and lattice size

(Ens.C
1), and

and lattice size

(Ens.B
1) respectively. In this simulation, we have considered the parity mixing effect by using variational method. The calculated central value for the decay width is closer to the experimental data than that in previous lattice studies.
Characterising arbitrary dark solitons in trapped one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates
(a)
Authors: Middleton-Spencer H. A. J. , Parker N. G. , Galantucci L. , Barenghi C. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a method to detect the presence and depth of dark solitons within repulsive one-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. For a system with one soliton, we provide numerical evidence that the shift of the density in Fourier space directly maps onto the depth of the soliton. For multi-soliton systems, combining our spectral method with established imaging techniques, the character of the solitons present in the condensate can be determined. We verify that the detection of solitons by the spectral shift works in the presence of waves induced by density engineering methods. Finally we discuss implications for vortex detection in three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates.
Evidence for weak-antilocalization–weak-localization crossover and metal-insulator transition in CaCu3Ru4O12 thin films
Authors: Jana Subhadip , Bhat Shwetha G. , Behera B. C. , Patra L. , Anil Kumar P. S. , Nanda B. R. K. , Samal D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Artificial confinement of electrons by tailoring the layer thickness has turned out to be a powerful tool to harness control over competing phases in nano-layers of complex oxides. We investigate the effect of dimensionality on transport properties of d-electron–based heavy-fermion metal CaCu3Ru4O12. Transport behavior evolves from metallic to localized regime upon reducing thickness and a metal-insulator transition is observed below 3 nm film thickness for which sheet resistance crosses

, the quantum resistance in 2D. Magnetotransport study reveals a strong interplay between inelastic and spin-orbit scattering lengths upon reducing thickness, which results in weak-antilocalization (WAL) to weak-localization (WL) crossover in magnetoconductance.
Transcription co-factor LBH is necessary for the survival of cochlear hair cells
Authors: Liu Huizhan , Giffen Kimberlee P. , Grati M'Hamed , Morrill Seth W. , Li Yi , Liu Xuezhong , Briegel Karoline J. , He David Z. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Hearing loss affects ∼10% of adults worldwide. Most sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the progressive loss of mechanosensitive hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea. The molecular mechanisms underlying HC maintenance and loss remain poorly understood. LBH, a transcription co-factor implicated in development, is abundantly expressed in outer hair cells (OHCs). We used Lbh-null mice to identify its role in HCs. Surprisingly, Lbh deletion did not affect differentiation and the early development of HCs, as nascent HCs in Lbh knockout mice had normal looking stereocilia. The stereocilia bundle was mechanosensitive and OHCs exhibited the characteristic electromotility. However, Lbh-null mice displayed progressive hearing loss, with stereocilia bundle degeneration and OHC loss as early as postnatal day 12. RNA-seq analysis showed significant gene enrichment of biological processes related to transcriptional regulation, cell cycle, DNA damage/repair and autophagy in Lbh-null OHCs. In addition, Wnt and Notch pathway-related genes were found to be dysregulated in Lbh-deficient OHCs. Our study implicates, for the first time, loss of LBH function in progressive hearing loss, and demonstrates a critical requirement of LBH in promoting HC survival in adult mice.
Locally adaptive thresholding centroid localization in confocal microscopy
Authors: Chen Cheng , Leach Richard , Wang Jian , Liu Xiaojun , Jiang Xiangqian , Lu Wenlong 
Published: March 2021

We introduce an iteration-free approach, based on a centroid algorithm with a locally adaptive threshold, for nanometer-level peak position localization of the axial response signal in confocal microscopy. This approach has localization accuracies that are near theoretical limits, especially when there is a small number of sampling points within the discrete signal. The algorithm is also orders of magnitude faster compared to fitting schemes based on maximum likelihood estimation. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the localization performance of the approach.
KEGG2Net: Deducing gene interaction networks and acyclic graphs from KEGG pathways
Authors: Chanumolu Sree K , Albahrani Mustafa , Can Handan , Otu Hasan H 
Published: March 2021

The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database provides a manual curation of biological pathways that involve genes (or gene products), metabolites, chemical compounds, maps, and other entries. However, most applications and datasets involved in omics are gene or protein-centric requiring pathway representations that include direct and indirect interactions only between genes. Furthermore, special methodologies, such as Bayesian networks, require acyclic representations of graphs. We developed KEGG2Net, a web resource that generates a network involving only the genes represented on a KEGG pathway with all of the direct and indirect gene-gene interactions deduced from the pathway. KEGG2Net offers four different methods to remove cycles from the resulting gene interaction network, converting them into directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We generated synthetic gene expression data using the gene interaction networks deduced from the KEGG pathways and performed a comparative analysis of different cycle removal methods by testing the fitness of their DAGs to the data and by the number of edges they eliminate. Our results indicate that an ensemble method for cycle removal performs as the best approach to convert the gene interaction networks into DAGs. Resulting gene interaction networks and DAGs are represented in multiple user-friendly formats that can be used in other applications, and as images for quick and easy visualisation. The KEGG2Net web portal converts KEGG maps for any organism into gene-gene interaction networks and corresponding DAGs representing all of the direct and indirect interactions among the genes.Availability: KEGG2Net is freely available at http://otulab.unl.edu/KEGG2Net
Effects of uncertainty in determining the parameters of the linear Muskingum method using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm
Authors: Norouzi Hadi , Bazargan Jalal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Muskingum method is one the simplest and most applicable methods of flood routing. Optimizing the coefficients of linear Muskingum is of great importance to enhance accuracy of computations on an outflow hydrograph. In this study, considering the uncertainty of flood in the rivers and by application of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, we used the data obtained from three floods simultaneously as basic flood to optimize parameters of linear Muskingum (X, K and ), rather than using inflow and outflow hydrographs of a single basic flood (observational flood), and optimized the outflow discharge at the beginning of flood (O1) as a percentage of inflow discharge at the beginning of flood (I1). The results suggest that the closer inflow discharge variation of basic flood to the inflow discharge variation of observational flood, the greater the accuracy of outflow hydrograph computations. Moreover, when the proposed approach is used to optimize parameters of X, K and , the accuracy of outflow hydrograph computations will increase too. In other words, if rather than using a single basic flood, the proposed approach is applied, the average values of mean relative error (MRE) of total flood for the first, second, third and fourth flood will be improved as 31, 13, 39 and 33%, respectively.
Antifibrotic Drugs for COVID-19: From Orphan Drugs to Blockbusters?
Authors: Corrie Leander , Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman MD , Kukatil Latha , Manasa Devasari , Shirisha Adepu 
Published: March 2021

:
Antifibrotic agents are known to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The two antifibrotic
agents approved and in usage are Pirfenidone and Nintedanib granted by the USFDA in 2014.
They are both known to decrease inflammation in the lungs. The fact that COVID-19 has shown to
cause inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs frames the theory of their usage in the treatment of the
disease by reducing lung scaring and allowing faster discharge of patients with post-COVID complications.
The need for them to change their status from orphans to blockbusters has not happened
yet due to fewer data and less research available on them as well as various other economic and patient-
related factors. Since COVID-19 is widespread and causes many complications of the lungs
that are similar to what these two drugs treat. We believe that the status of these drugs could be
changed due to an increase in demand for them.
Unique Features of a Web-Based Nutrition Website for Childhood Cancer Populations: Descriptive Study
Authors: Wartenberg Lisa , Raber Margaret , Chandra Joya 
Published: March 2021

Background
Children with cancer experience a myriad of nutritional challenges that impact their nutrition status during treatment and into survivorship. Growing evidence suggests that weight at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes, but provider guidance on nutrition and diet during treatment varies. Nutrition literacy and culinary resources may help mitigate some common nutritional problems; however, many patients may face barriers to accessing in-person classes. Along with dietitian-led clinical interventions, web-based resources such as the newly updated electronic cookbook (e-cookbook) created by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, @TheTable, may facilitate access to nutrition and culinary education during treatment and into survivorship.

Objective
We sought to define and describe the features and content of the @TheTable e-cookbook and compare it with analogous resources for a lay audience of patients with childhood cancer and childhood cancer survivors as well as their families.

Methods
We evaluated freely available web-based resources via a popular online search engine (ie, Google). These searches yielded three web-based resources analogous to @TheTable: the American Institute for Cancer Research’s Healthy Recipes, The Children’s Hospital of San Antonio’s Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life, and Ann Ogden Gaffney and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center’s Cook for Your Life. These sites were analyzed for the following: number of recipes, search functionality, child or family focus, cancer focus, specific dietary guidance, videos or other media, and miscellaneous unique features.

Results
Cook for Your Life and Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life were the most comparable to @TheTable with respect to cancer focus and family focus, respectively. Healthy Recipes is the least user-friendly, with few search options and no didactic videos.

Conclusions
The @TheTable e-cookbook is unique in its offering of child- and family-focused content centered on the cancer and survivorship experience.
The Effect of Public Speaking Program for Students at Nurussalam Islamic Modern Boarding School
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin , Zulaikah Zulaikah , Kuspiyah Hastuti Retno 
Published: March 2021

This research is a study of the public speaking program conducted at Nurussalam Islamic Boarding School. The purpose of this study is to know about how the Public Speaking program at Nurussalam Islamic Modern Boarding School and this research is qualitative research, in this research writer used the purposive sample, The writer only took the male students as the sample of research and with managers of the program that called as LAC and CLI, and the writer took the sample just for the students who are compulsory to speak English in public speaking, they are from class 3 until class 5, and The techniques of collecting the data used interview, observation, and documentation. The result of this study is an interest of the student in following that program, where public speaking programs are divided into 10 clubs and conducted only in two days it's Friday and Saturday with three languages are English, Arabic, Indonesian.
Exploring the Properties of the Electron Strahl at 1 AU as an Indicator of the Quality of the Magnetic Connection Between the Earth and the Sun
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. 
Published: March 2021

In this report some properties of the electron strahl at 1 AU are examined to assess the strahl at 272 eV as an indicator of the quality of the magnetic connection of the near-Earth solar wind to the Sun. The absence of a strahl has been taken to represent either a lack of magnetic connection to the corona or the strahl not surviving to 1 AU owing to scattering. Solar-energetic-electron (SEE) events can be used as indicators of good magnetic connection: examination of 216 impulsive SEE events finds that they are all characterized by strong strahls. The strahl intensity at 1 AU is statistically examined for various types of solar-wind plasma: it is found that the strahl is characteristically weak in sector-reversal-region plasma. In sector-reversal-region plasma and other slow wind, temporal changes in the strahl intensity at 1 AU are examined with 64 s resolution measurements and the statistical relationships of strahl changes to simultaneous plasma-property changes are established. The strahl-intensity changes are co-located with current sheets (directional discontinuities) with strong changes in the magnetic-field direction. The strahl-intensity changes at 1 AU are positively correlated with changes in the proton specific entropy, the proton temperature, and the magnetic-field strength; the strahl-intensity changes are anti-correlated with changes in the proton number density, the angle of the magnetic field with respect to the Parker-spiral direction, and the alpha-to-proton number-density ratio. Reductions in the strahl intensity are not consistent with expectations for a simple model of whistler-turbulence scattering. Reductions in the strahl intensity are mildly consistent with expectations for Coulomb scattering, however the strongest-observed plasma-change correlations are unrelated to Coulomb scattering and whistler scattering. The implications of the strahl-intensity-change analysis are that the change in the magnetic-field direction at a strahl change represents a change in the magnetic connection to the corona, resulting in a different strahl intensity and different plasma properties. An outstanding question is: Does an absence of an electron strahl represent a magnetic disconnection from the Sun or a poor strahl source in some region of the corona?
Fear of COVID-19 Among the Hashemite University Students According to Some Variables
Authors: Alkhazaleh Ziad M. , Altarawneh Awad Faek , Al-tarawneh Ahmad , Milhem Osamah Abdel Qader Bani 
Published: March 2021

The current study aimed at identifying the level of the fear of Novel Coronavirus (covid-19) among the students of the Hashemite University in Jordan, in the light of the following variables: faculty, academic year, sex, religion, residence, social status, birth order, family income, chronic diseases and Facebook account on a sample of 852 male and female students. As for the study tool, the researcher used the scale of fear of Corona based on the statistical analysis of the arithmetic means and standard deviations, as well as (ANOVA- Analysis of Corona. The study came to some results, prominent among which were: the existence of moderate fear of Corona. According to the demographic variables, there were differences of statical significance among the students in the fear of Corona in the light of two variables only: suffering from chronic diseases, and the family income standard. As for the rest of the variables, they had no effect in the differences among students regarding the fear of Corona. Based upon these results, the current study will be a qualitative addition to the current scientific research about the Corona Pandemic, particularly, in the study of the psychological implications of the impact of the Corona Virus on the people of the world.

Received: 26 October 2020 / Accepted: 8 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
Influence of Quality Management Practices On Employees' Perception of Organizational Effectiveness at Ks&Ew
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi, Ahmad Burhan 
Published: March 2021

The research was conducted with the purpose to identify the influence of various Quality Management Practices (QMPs) on organizational effectiveness at Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KS&EW). The QMPs selected for the research included Customer focus approach', Education and Training, Continuous Improvement, Teamwork, and Top Management Commitment. Adopting deductive approach, hypotheses were first formulated after extracting independent variables from the relevant literature. A research instrument in the form of a well-structured questionnaire was developed for collection of quantitative primary data from a sample of 80 respondents. The collected data were then treated by applying correlation and regression analysis tools. The impact of independent variables on dependent variable was established. Findings of the study indicate that there is a positive impact of various practices (independent variables) on organizational effectiveness, although with varying degree. Overall, employees have a positive perception about existing TQM practices and believe that these are quite effective to achieve desired objectives. This study is considered quite beneficial for the management of KS&EW for ascertaining influence of quality management practices on organizational effectiveness. Managers of the organizations of other industries and academia may also find the study useful and can benefit from its findings. In the end some useful measures have been recommended to enable KS&EW for further improving organizational effectiveness.
Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites and Their Applications
Authors: Abbas Aqeel , Rajagopal Veeramanikandan , Huang Song-Jeng 
Published: March 2021

Magnesium is one of the lightest structural metals have the capability to replace the conventional alloys for mass saving applications and provides higher strength and stiffness. Additionally, it also has the ability to absorb the hydrogen in the form of hydrides and can be used as a future source of energy carrier. The theoretical hydrogen capacity of 7.6 wt% makes it more suitable for future energy sources but needs to reduce the working sorption temperature. Moreover, magnesium is the primary source of the body and has strength equal to the bone, making it more suitable for biomedical applications and higher biocompatibility. Some challenges of magnesium-based metal matrix composites are still encountering structural applications, hydrogen energy storage, and biomedical applications due to manufacturing methodologies and proper materials selection to get required results.
Recent Advances in Targeting Clinical Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Authors: Azzouz Imadeddine , Sharif Khan Mohammad , C. Bishop Andrew , Bachari Khaldoun 
Published: March 2021

This chapter introduces the significance of exploring volatile organic compounds (VOC) in clinical samples. Because exhaled-breath is easy to collect, unlimited, and instruments are already commercially available, VOC analysis in exhaled breath seems to be a promising tool for non-invasive detection of many diseases including infections, respiratory diseases, and cancers. Here, we have focused on some appropriate technologies to extract, pre-concentrate, and evaluate VOC biomarkers in exhaled breath. The second part of this chapter discusses the comprehensive GC × GC in bio-VOCs analysis and illustrates the potential of using this analytical technique.