bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Prognostic Significance of Pyruvate Kinase M2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Zheng Shutao , Liu Qing , Liu Tao , Tuerxun Aerziguli , Yang Lifei , Han Xiujuan , Lu Xiaomei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme in glycolysis pathway and has been reported to be associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the prognostic value of PKM2 in ESCC remains undetermined.Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of PKM2 expression in ESCC. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane library databases. Appraised were the quality of studies, the potential for bias, and performed meta-analysis to assess the prognostic impact of PKM2 on the overall survival (OS).Results: Five studies with 781 patients were eligible and enrolled eventually. Patients with high PKM2 expression were associated with poor prognosis in ESCC (HR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.41~2.09, P＜0.01). Furthermore, up-regulated PKM2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.68~3.35, P＜0.01), clinical stage (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 2.27~4.77, P＜0.01) and T classification (OR=2.92, 95%CI: 2.05~4.16, P＜0.01).Conclusions: In conclusion, high PKM2 expression denotes worse OS in ESCC patients, and correlate with the lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and T classification. However, further studies are warranted to assess how PKM2 can be implemented as a reliable staging element in clinical practice and whether it could provide a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Simultaneous Determination of Low Molecule Benzotriazoles and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Wastewater by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Followed by GC-MS Detection
Authors: Urszula Kotowska , Joanna Struk-Sokołowska , Janina Piekutin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles (LMBTs) and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters (BUVs) was developed. The optimized method allow quantification of benzotriazole (BT), 4-methylbenzotriazole (4MBT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5MBT); 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5ClBT), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole (UV326) and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole (UV329) in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Obtained relative recoveries were between 77 and 137%, limits of detection (LoDs) from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of the tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.11 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in north-eastern Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant is from 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.
FOXP3/CD8 ratio and CXCR4-positive regulatory T cells as indicators of tumor immunity in the conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Tagami Mizuki , Kakehashi Anna , Katsuyama-Yoshikawa Atsuko , Sakai Atsushi , Misawa Norihiko , Wanibuchi Hideki , Azumi Atsushi , Honda Shigeru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common ocular surface neoplasia. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) activity in tumor immunity and investigate the tumor microenvironment as a new treatment focus in conjunctival SCC. A cancer progression gene array analysis and Immunohistochemical analysis of FOXP3 as Treg marker, CD8 as Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte marker, and CXCR4 expression on activate Treg was also examined in a series of 31 conjunctival SCC cases. To investigate the localization of FOXP3-positive Tregs in detail, the tumor surface, tumor central, and around vessels staining patterns of FOXP3, CD8, and CXCR4 were examined separately. A significant difference in FOXP3, CD8, and CXCR4 staining in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and FOXP3/CD8 ratio were in the carcinoma in situ group than advanced stage SCC group(each P < 0.01). In addition, FOXP3/CD8 ratio was correlation with progression-free survival. Double immunostaining of CXCR4/FOXP3 correlate with American Joint Committee on Cancer T-stage, independent of age or Ki67 index(P༜0.01). Our results show that FOXP3, the FOXP3/CD8 ratio, and the CXCR4 axis are important pathologic and prognostic factors of ocular surface neoplasia, including SCC. These tumor microenvironment of conjunctival SCC may be considered in the future development of treatment options.
ORANI-SL – A Computable General Equilibrium Model to Assess the Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Sri Lanka Developing a CGE database for ORANI-SL
Authors: Abeysekara Walimuni Chamindri Sewanka Mendis , Siriwardana Mahinda , Meng Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed technical description of features added to the standard ORANI model to construct a CGE for Sri Lanka, namely, ORANI- SL. The model distinguishes between rain-fed and irrigated agricultural land and introduces water as a production factor. In addition, the new production structure offers the option of substitution between rain-fed and irrigated agricultural lands. The paper also describes the model's database and the steps of the data transformation process from the latest available input-output table of Sri Lanka to the ORANI-SL database, which is necessary for model simulation. The new model could be used to analyse the economy wide impacts of climate change in Sri Lanka, study the economic implications of increased irrigation capacity or sustainable water usage in Sri Lanka, and evaluate the efficacy of various other adaptive strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change. In addition this model can be easily adapted to another country.
Whole genome sequence analysis of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical mastitis and non-clinical fresh cows
Authors: Silva Nathália C.C. , Rodrigues Marjory X. , Tomazi Ana C.C.H. , Tomazi T. , Crippa Bruna L. , Bicalho Rodrigo C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Staphylococcus spp. are among the most isolated bacteria from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Also, Staphylococcus is commonly isolated from bovine mammary secretions, not exclusively from intramammary infections. The genus comprises bacteria capable to form biofilm, produce toxins and acquire multi-drug resistance. The aims of this work were to evaluate the genetic virulence and antimicrobial resistance features of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine milk using whole genome sequencing, and build a phylogenetic tree with gene sequences of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical mastitis and non-clinical fresh cows.
Results

The bacterial collection comprised 29 Staphylococcus strains isolated from clinical mastitis cases (n = 7) and milk samples collected from fresh cows (n = 22). Strains were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2), Staphylococcus chromogenes (n = 19), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 8). After sequences quality control, twenty-three strains had good quality of contigs to be included in the further analysis.
Conclusions

Ninety-four virulence genes were observed, including pvl, icaA, icaD and MMSCRAMS genes. We also detected important resistance genes as blaZ, ant(4), erm(B), fexA, lnu(D), tet(L) and tet(M). The phylogenetic tree related the species as expected and presented four clades.
Behavior and properties of water in silicate melts under deep mantle conditions
Authors: Karki Bijaya , Ghosh Dipta B. , Karato Shun-ichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water (H2O) as one of the most abundant fluids present in Earth plays crucial role in the generation and transport of magmas in the interior. Though hydrous silicate melts have been studied extensively, the experimental data are confined to relatively low pressures and the computational results are still rare. Moreover, these studies imply large differences in the way water influences the physical properties of silicate magmas, such as density and electrical conductivity. Here, we invesigate the equation of state, speciation, and transport properties of water dissolved in Mg1 − xFexSiO3 and Mg2(1−x)Fe2xSiO4 melts (for x = 0 and 0.25) as well as in its bulk (pure) fluid state over the entire mantle pressure regime at 2000 to 4000 K using first-principles molecular dynamics. The simulation results allow us to constrain the partial molar volume of the water component in melts along with the molar volume of pure water. The predicted volume of silicate melt + water solution is negative at low pressures but becomes zero above 15 GPa implying ideal mixing at higher pressures. Consequently, the hydrous component tends to lower the melt density to similar extent over much of the mantle pressure regime irrespective of composition. Our results also show that hydrogen diffuses fast in silicate melts and enhances the melt electrical conductivity in a way that differs from electrical conduction in the bulk water. The speciation of the water component varies considerably from the bulk water structure as well. Water is dissolved in melts mostly as hydroxyls at low pressure and as -O-H-O-, -O-H-O-H- and other extended species with increasing pressure. On the other hand, the pure water behaves as a molecular fluid below 15 GPa, gradually becoming a dissociated fluid with further compression. On the basis of modeled density and conductivity results, we suggest that partial melts containing a few percent of water may be gravitationally trapped both above and below the upper mantle-transition region. Moreover, such hydrous melts can give rise to detectable electrical conductance by means of electromagnetic sounding observations.
Developing Brain-Strain-Based Scaling to Inform the Clinical Relevance of Mouse Models of Concussion Induced by Rotation
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Lu Lihong , Bian Kewei , Brown Arthur , Mao Haojie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Laboratory animal experiments are an invaluable tool for studying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion. Among them, rodent neurotrauma experiments have been most widely used, as transgenic and gene targeting technologies in mice allow us to test the roles of different genes in recovery from brain injury. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of rodent concussion studies can be improved by using these technologies to study concussions in animals that carry the human versions of genes known to play a role in neurological disease. However, delivering concussion injuries to the mice that are relevant to real-world human head impacts is challenging, as the mouse and human heads are dramatically different in shape and size. In the vast majority of mouse concussion experiments, the pathological and behavioral consequences of the injuries are evaluated without considering whether the injury model produces brain stretches (maximum principal strains) of the same magnitude as those experienced by human brains undergoing similar impacts. Methods We conducted a total of 201 computational simulations to understand both human and mouse brain strains that are directly linked to neuronal damage during closed-head concussive impacts. To represent real-world human head impacts we simulated mouse head impacts with durations of 1.5 ms (Type 1 scaling), followed by simulations with durations between 1 and 2 ms (Type 2), and finally, simulations with durations from 0.75 to 4.5 ms (Type 3) to develop scaling between human and mouse, as well as to reveal the predicted effects of small and large changes in impact durations on brain strain. Results Guided by these simulations we calculated that peak rotational velocities in mice could be achieved by scaling human peak rotational velocities with factors of 5.8, 4.6, and 6.8, for flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively, to reach equal brain strains between human and mouse. The effects of impact durations on scaling were also calculated and longer-duration mouse head impacts needed larger scaling factors to reach equal strain. Conclusions The scaling method will help us to create brain injury in the mouse with brain strain loading equivalent to those experienced in real-world human head impacts.
Prevention of UV-Induced Skin Cancer in Mice by Gamma Oryzanol-Loaded Nanoethosomes
Authors: Zeinali Mahdi , Abbaspour-Ravasjani Soheil , Soltanfam Tannaz , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Babaei Hossein , Veiga Francisco , Hamishehkar Hamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Skin cancer is the most widespread cancer worldwide, mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) in sunlight. Utilizing topical preventive agents in routinely daily used cosmetics may prevent UV-related skin damages and skin cancers. γ-Oryzanol (GO) is a natural component derived from rice bran oil, with potential antioxidant and skin anti-aging properties. We biologically thorough studied the antioxidant and anticancer effects of GO in vitro to found the effective signaling pathways, then evaluated the sun protection factor of prepared formulation, and finally investigated the long-term preventive effects of GO-loaded nanoethosomes (GO-NEs) against UVB-induced skin cancer in mice. Our results suggest that GO-NEs could effectively prevent UVB-induced skin cancer and could be utilized as an innovative ingredient in cosmetics.
Effects of Curcumin on Bioavailability of Dioxin-Like Pollutants in Rats
Authors: Cai Delei , Chen Qing , Han Jianlong , Song Yanhua , Meng Zhen , Zheng Yibin , Shen Haitao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we used Sprague–Dawley rats to observe the intervention effects of curcumin on bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs). We reported the bioavailability of tetra- to hexa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs rose gradually, while that of hepta- and octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs declined, and no obvious change was found in the bioavailability of DL-PCBs. Curcumin markedly reduced the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in rats, illustrating it might competitively inhibit absorption of PCDD/Fs in small intestinal epithelial cells due to the similar chemical structure (diphenyl) between curcumin and PCDD/Fs. Moreover, curcumin was capable of lowering the TEQ of DL-PCBs in the liver of male rats, but caused no changes in female rats. In conclusion, the prominent decline in the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs induced by curcumin may serve as one of the detoxification mechanisms of curcumin for these pollutants.
Improved perioperative outcomes and reduced inflammatory stress response in malignant robotic-assisted colorectal resections: a retrospective cohort study of 298 patients
Authors: Cuk Pedja , Simonsen Randi Maria , Komljen Mirjana , Nielsen Michael Festersen , Helligsø Per , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Mogensen Christian Backer , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly implemented for the resection of colorectal cancer, although the scientific evidence for adopting this technique is still limited. This study's main objective was to compare short-term complications, oncological outcomes, and the inflammatory stress response after colorectal resection for cancer performed laparoscopic or robotic-assisted.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the robotic-assisted approach to laparoscopic surgery for elective malignant colorectal neoplasm. Certified colorectal and da Vinci ® robotic surgeons performed resections at a Danish tertiary colorectal high volume centre from May 2017 – March 2019. We analyzed the two surgical groups using uni- and multivariate regression analyses to detect differences in intra- and postoperative clinical outcomes and the inflammatory stress response.
Results

Two hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Significant differences favoring robotic-assisted surgery was demonstrated for; length of hospital stay (4 days, interquartile range (4–5) versus 5 days, interquartile range (4–7), p < 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (50 mL, interquartile range (20–100) versus 100 mL, interquartile range (50–150), p < 0.001) compared to laparoscopic surgery. The inflammatory stress response was significantly higher after laparoscopic compared to robotic-assisted surgery reflected by an increase in C-reactive protein concentration (exponentiated coefficient = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (1.04–1.40), p < 0.001). No differences between the two groups were found concerning mortality, microradical resection rate, conversion to open surgery and surgical or medical short-term complications.
Conclusion

Robotic-assisted surgery is feasible and can be safely implemented for colorectal resections. The robotic-assisted approach, when compared to laparoscopic surgery, was associated with improved intra- and postoperative outcomes. Extensive prospective studies are needed to determine the short and long-term outcomes of robotic surgery for colorectal cancer.
Starting Anti-COVID-19 Drug Discovery with Natural Products
Authors: SILVA OSMAR NASCIMENTO , Neves Bruno , Rosseto Lucimar , Moura Rodrigo , Napolitano Hamilton , Brito Wesley , Fajemiroye James , Pinto Emerith , Perjési Pál , Martins José 
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic regarding its rapid international spread and severity on March 2020. The Coronaviridae family receives this name regarding the organization of the spike glycoprotein located in the envelope, which resembles a stellar corona when observed under a microscope. Coronaviruses undergo frequent mutations in their genome due to errors made by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by high infectivity and person to person transmission, with an incubation period of up to fourteen days. Potent antiviral activities of several natural products such as alkaloids, chalcones, triterpenoids have been reported but with unconfirmed efficacy or safety in the clinic as well as the complete underlying mechanisms. Also, CQ, HCQ and Ivermectin, remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir and pegylated interferon with ribavirin have been tested to develop both an effective therapy and a vaccine to treat COVID-19. This study presents the antiviral eﬀects of the natural products against SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 showing that Lycorine, Emodin, Promazine, Saikosaponins B2, Silvestrol, Cepharanthine, Fangchinoline, Tetrandrine, Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid and Emetine are a good candidates on treatment of coronaviruses infections.
Longitudinal Relationships between Nutritional Status and Educational Achievements of Ellisras Rural Children in South Africa
Authors: THEMANE M. J. , KOPPES L. L. J. , KEMPER H. C. G. , MONYEKI K. D. , TWISK J. W. R. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development, tracking and longitudinal relationships of nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements in rural South African children in 459 boys and 354 girls who participate in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Nutritional status, body composition and educational achievements were measured in 2001 and 2002. The results showed that: 1) Height for age (HAZ) decreased significantly over the one- year period whereas Weight for Age (WAZ), Body mass index (BMI) and Sum of skinfolds (SOS) did not change, and the Mathematics and English achievements increased over the one-year period. 2) High tracking coefficients were found for HAZ, WAZ, BMI, while SOS showed low to moderate tracking and Mathematics and English showed no tracking. 3) Significant relationships between changes in nutritional status and changes in educational achievements were found for boys only.
本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體營養水平與學業的關係。以問卷方式進行調查，訪問了 813名學童，並評估他們的營 養狀況。結果顯示出男生的營養水平與學業呈現關係。
Intensity Analysis for Teenage Indoor Tug-of-War
Authors: CHIOU Ting Shiuan , YANG Ming Ta , CHAN Kuei Hui 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to collect heart rates of subjects by the polar team system heart rate monitor during the championship finals (3 rounds). Eight junior high school indoor tug-of-war athletes participated in the study. The percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) was calculated. During the competitions, the lowest heart rate of subjects were 34.5±6.4%HRR ~ 50.8±7.0%HRR. The highest heart rate of subjects were 66.7±6.5%HRR ~ 87.1±6.3%HRR and presented at the last stage of games for a few seconds. In conclusion, when teenage indoor tug-of-war player face contender of the weakness level, their intensity is 52.7±13.4 %HRR. Moreover, when they face contender the same level, their intensity is 72.7 ~ 13.1%HRR.
本研究以8位青少年室內八人制拔河選手為對象，並利用心跳監控器於正式拔河錦標賽決賽中，收集受測者與3場對手比賽時 的全程心跳率，並將心跳率數值換算為儲備心跳率百分比，以評估拔河比賽的運動強度。結果發現，比賽期間受試者最低心跳率介於34.5±6.4 ~ 50.8±7.0%HRR，最高心跳率介於66.7±6.5 ~ 87.1±6.3%HRR，受試者之最高心跳率出現於比賽最後階段且只維持數秒鐘。本研究結果顯示，青少年室內八人制拔河比賽在面對較弱的對手時之運動強度為52.7±13.4%HRR，而對上實力相當的對手時則為72.7±13.1%HRR。
Why Teach PE? Factors that Affect Students' Decisions to Teach Physical Education Revisited
Authors: McGAHA Patrick , BARNEY David 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Many times a child will be asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” The answers are varied, yet their responses usually reflect what their parents employ may be. For this study, factors were investigated that have an effect on college student’s decision to become a physical education. For this study it was found that former physical education and coaches were the most influential people affecting college student’s decision to become physical education teachers, not parents. It was also found that many of these college student’s were actively involved in high school athletics, thus also affecting their decision to become a physical education teacher. The results from this study can serve PETE faculty to capitalize on their PETE student’s excitement to teach physical education.
本文旨在探索影響體育師範學生教學的決定因素，包括有師範學生的前體育老師及運動教練。