bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological, clinical and biomarker profile of pediatric patients infected with COVID-19
Authors: Shah K , Upadhyaya M , Kandre Y , Pandya A , Saraf V , Saxena D , Mavalankar D 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Background
Given the limited and diverse nature of published literature related to COVID-19 in pediatrics, it is imperative to provide evidence-based summary of disease characteristics for guiding policy decisions. We aim to provide comprehensive overview of epidemiological, clinical and biomarker profile of COVID-19 infection in pediatric population.

Methods
For this umbrella review, published systematic reviews from PubMed and pre-print databases were screened. Literature search was conducted from December 2019 to April 2021. Details of clinical, radiological and laboratory features were collected from each review. Qualitative observations were synthesized and pooled prevalence of mortality and asymptomatic cases were assessed using meta-analysis.

Results
Evidence synthesis of 38 systematic reviews included total 1145 studies and 334 398 children and adolescents. Review revealed that COVID-19 is relatively milder with better prognosis in pediatrics. However, patients with comorbidity are at higher risk. Meta-analysis of reviews showed that 21.17% (95% CI: 17.818–24.729) of the patients were asymptomatic and mortality rate was 0.12% (95% CI: 0.0356–0.246). Though there was no publication bias, significant heterogeneity was observed. Fever (48–64%) and cough (35–55.9%) were common symptoms, affecting almost every alternate patient. Ground-glass opacities (prevalence range: 27.4–61.5%) was most frequent radiographic observation. Rise in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer ranged from 14% to 54%, 12.2–50% and 0.3–67%, respectively. Some of the included reviews (44.7%-AMSTAR; 13.2%-GRADE) were of lower quality.

Conclusion
Current umbrella review provides most updated information regarding characteristics of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics and can be used to guide policy decision regarding vaccination prioritization, early screening and identification of at-risk population.
Consumer acceptance and willingness to pay for direct and indirect entomophagy
Authors: Giotis Thomas , Drichoutis Andreas C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over the last few years, the interest on alternative protein sources, such as edible insects, has been growing rapidly. However, Western consumers’ acceptance of insects as a food source is very low, mainly due to unfamiliarity with insect-based food. We investigate consumers’ attitude and behavior and estimate their willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for three products that vary on a between-subjects basis, direct or indirect consumption of insects. The data were collected through an online questionnaire of 451 consumers in Greece and WTP was elicited using the contingent valuation method (CVM). Our results show that the majority of Greek consumers are not willing to pay a premium for an insect-based energy bar and cookie (direct entomophagy) and they would require a discount to acquire such products. On the other hand, consumer acceptance is higher for a gilt-head bream that is fed with insect-based feed (indirect entomophagy). Results show that younger adults, indirect consumption of insects, looking for new sources of food and evaluating certification and trust as important for innovative products, are all associated with a higher WTP. Consumers with positive WTP are on average willing to pay a premium of 15.8, 17, and 31.8 per cent for the energy bar, cookie, and gilt-head bream, respectively, while consumers that are not WTP a premium would require discounts of 43.8, 42.4, and 30.7 per cent, respectively.
Drought stress recovery of hydraulic and photochemical processes in Neotropical tree saplings
Authors: Manzi Olivier Jean Leonce , Bellifa Maxime , Ziegler Camille , Mihle Louis , Levionnois Sébastien , Burban Benoit , Leroy Céline , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate models predict an increase in the severity and the frequency of droughts. Tropical forests are among the ecosystems that could be highly impacted by these droughts. Here, we explore how hydraulic and photochemical processes respond to drought stress and re-watering. We conducted a pot experiment on saplings of five tree species. Before the onset of drought, we measured a set of hydraulic traits, including minimum leaf conductance, leaf embolism resistance and turgor loss point. During drought stress, we monitored traits linked to leaf hydraulic functioning (leaf water potential (ψmd) and stomatal conductance (gs)) and traits linked to leaf photochemical functioning (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax)) at different wilting stages. After re-watering, the same traits were measured after 3, 7 and 14 days. Hydraulic trait values decreased faster than photochemical trait values. After re-watering, the values of the four traits recovered at different rates. Fv/Fm recovered very fast close to their initial values only 3 days after re-watering. This was followed by ETRmax, Ψmd and gs. Finally, we show that species with large stomatal and leaf safety margin and low πtlp are not strongly impacted by drought, whereas they have a low recovery on photochemical efficiency. These results demonstrate that πtlp, stomatal and leaf safety margin are a good indicators of plant responses to drought stress and also to recovery for photochemical efficiency.
A phylogenomic look into the systematics of oceanic squids (order Oegopsida)
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Fernando Á , Taite Morag , Vecchione Michael , Villanueva Roger , Allcock A Louise 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oceanic squids of the order Oegopsida are ecologically and economically important members of the pelagic environment. They are the most diverse group of cephalopods, with 24 families that are divergent morphologically. Despite their importance, knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among oegopsids is less than that among neritic cephalopods. Here, we provide the complete mitogenomes and the nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal genes for 35 selected oceanic squids, which were generated using genome skimming. We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses that included 21 of the 24 oegopsid families. In our analyses, the architeuthid, chiroteuthid and enoploteuthid family groups, which have been proposed previously based on morphological and natural history characteristics, were retrieved as monophyletic. The morphologically divergent Cranchiidae formed a well-supported clade with families Ommastrephidae and Thysanoteuthidae, with a unique mitochondrial gene order. The family Lycoteuthidae was revealed as paraphyletic and contained Pyroteuthidae. Thus, the two lycoteuthid subfamilies are herein elevated to family level, increasing the number of oegopsid squid families to 25. In order to describe the diversity and evolutionary trends of oegopsid squids accurately, the superfamilies Architeuthoidea, Chiroteuthoidea, Cranchioidea and Enoploteuthoidea are resurrected from the literature, and the superfamilies Cycloteuthoidea, Octopoteuthoidea and Pholidoteuthoidea are proposed. The phylogenetic positions of Gonatidae, Histioteuthidae and Onychoteuthidae were not stable in our phylogenetic analyses and are not assigned to a superfamily. This study supports the utility of genome skimming to solve the phylogenetic relationships of oceanic squids.
The Prognostic Role of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Severity and Age of Onset in Treatment Outcome Among Adults Aged 60+
Authors: Behrendt Silke , Kuerbis Alexis , Mejldal Anna , Braun-Michl Barbara , Bilberg Randi , Bu¨hringer Gerhard , Bogenschutz Michael , Nielsen Anette Søgaard , Andersen Kjeld 
Published: July 2021

Aims
To investigate among older adults with DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) the relevance of (1) baseline DSM-5 AUD severity, (2) age of DSM-5 AUD onset, and (3) the interactions of DSM-5 AUD severity*treatment condition and age of DSM-5 AUD onset*treatment condition for the prediction of AUD treatment outcomes.

Methods
The international multicenter RCT “ELDERLY-Study” compared outpatient motivational enhancement therapy (4 sessions) with outpatient motivational enhancement therapy followed by community reinforcement approach for seniors (8 sessions) in adults aged 60+ with DSM-5 AUD. Baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up data from the German and Danish ELDERLY-sites (n = 544) were used (6-month participation rate: 75.9%). DSM-5 AUD diagnoses were obtained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and alcohol use using Form 90. Associations between DSM-5 AUD severity and age of onset and AUD treatment outcomes were investigated using multiple logistic regression and generalized linear models.

Results
The sample was diverse in AUD severity (severe: 54.9%, moderate: 28.2%, mild: 16.9%) and age of onset (median: 50 years; 12–78 years). Overall, with few exceptions, neither AUD severity, nor age of onset, nor their respective interactions with treatment condition significantly predicted drinking outcomes at the different follow-ups (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions
No indication was found for the need to tailor treatment content according to DSM-5 AUD severity and earlier onset in older adults.
Effectiveness of and Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: McCarty Dennis , Chan Brian , Buchheit Bradley M. , Bougatsos Christina , Grusing Sara , Chou Roger 
Published: July 2021

Objective
A scoping review assessed access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and treatment outcomes among adolescents (12 – 17 years) and young adults (18 – 25 years).

Methods
Studies addressing adolescent and young adult opioid use disorder and treatment with MOUD on patient outcomes (eg, retention in care) were included. Randomized trials and controlled observational studies were prioritized. Investigators extracted key information, summarized findings, noted methodological weaknesses, and tabled the details.

Results
The search identified 4 randomized trials (N = 241), 1 systematic review with 52 studies (total N = 125,994), and 5 retrospective analyses of health insurance claims. The trials reported buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone reduced opioid use. Return to use was observed when pharmacotherapy ceased. A systematic review concluded that adolescents and young adults had lower retention in care than older adults. The observational studies found that adolescents were unlikely to receive MOUD. There was some evidence that non-Hispanic Black adolescents and young adults were less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to receive MOUD.

Conclusions
MOUD therapies reduce opioid use among adolescent and young adults but few receive MOUD. MOUD services for adolescents and young adults should be developed and tested. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to develop appropriate clinical guidelines for using MOUD with adolescents and young adults.
Statin therapy in midlife women
Authors: Shufelt Chrisandra L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The menopause transition is associated with adverse changes to the lipid profile. Although there are no specific treatment guidelines for women, current evidence supports the use of statin therapy in women with 1) established clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); 2) primary hypercholesterolemia, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) or higher; 3) diabetes mellitus regardless of ASCVD risk category (ages 40-75 y); and 4) for primary prevention of ASCVD in women at high risk (10-y risk, ≥20%) or intermediate risk (10-y risk, ≥7.5-20%) with the presence of guideline-derived risk enhancers (age 40-75 y) such as premature menopause or a history of preeclampsia.
Dance practice modifies functional fitness, lipid profile, and self-image in postmenopausal women
Authors: Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo , Veras Allice Santos Cruz , Rocha Ana Paula Rodrigues , Chedid Sylvia Seidinger , Freitas Júnior Ismael Forte , Neto Raul Antônio Fragoso , Gobbo Luis Alberto , Buonani Camila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of dance practice on body composition, metabolic profile, functional fitness, and self-image/self-esteem in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
A total of 36 postmenopausal participants (mean age 57 years) danced three times per week for 90 minutes each day and were evaluated before and after 16 weeks. The parameters evaluated were body composition (body fat and lean mass), blood lipids, functional fitness, self-image, and self-esteem.

Results:
Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test with P values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Lower triglycerides (baseline = 156.5 ± 17.0 mg/dL; after 16-weeks = 131.5 ± 12.9 mg/dL; P < 0.01), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baseline = 55.4 ± 15.9 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 60.0 ± 15.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001), and higher total cholesterol (baseline = 199.5 ± 26.8 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 211.8 ± 35.7 mg/dL; P < 0.01) levels were observed in postmenopausal women. Dance intervention improved coordination (baseline = 8.6 ± 2.6; after 16 weeks = 6.7 ± 1.6; P < 0.001), agility (baseline = 55.9 ± 8.8; after 16 weeks = 64.1 ± 8.3; P < 0.001), and aerobic capability (baseline = 446.8 ± 63.4; after 16 weeks = 377.4 ± 53.8; P < 0.001). Classification of general function fitness index (GFFI) was considered regular at baseline (GFFI of 200-299), but improved after 16 weeks of dance practice (GFFI of 300-399, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The 16-week dance intervention was effective in improving not only the lipid profile and functional fitness of postmenopausal women, but also self-image and self-esteem.
Different cutoff points to diagnose low muscle mass and prediction of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Miranda Camila , de Morais Vinicius Faria Borges , Martins Fernanda Maria , Pelet Danyelle Cristina Silva , Orsatti Cláudio Lera , Cangussu-Oliveira Luciana Mendes , Petri Nahas Eliana Aguiar , Santagnello Samarita Beraldo , de Paula Rodolfo Ferreira , Campos Souza Markus Vinicius , Orsatti Fábio Lera 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to verify which of the different cutoff points of low muscle mass (LMM) based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) is associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (PMW).

Methods:
Cross-sectional study. PMW (n = 355) were classified for the presence of osteoporosis (score <−2.5 standard deviations) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine and LMM (three cutoff points: ALM < 15 kg; ALM/height2 [ALM index] <5.67 kg/m2 and ratio between ALM and body mass index [ALMBMI] <0.512).

Results:
After adjustments for confounding factors, binary logistic regression showed that ALM and ALM index were associated with osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3 [95% CI: 2.3-12.5] and OR = 2.5 [95% CI: 1.0-6.2], respectively) and only ALM was associated with osteoporosis at the femoral neck (OR = 16.1 [95% CI: 4.1-62.5]). When women were classified as having osteoporosis in at least one site, only ALM was associated with osteoporosis (OR = 7.7 [95% CI: 3.3-15.6]). There was no association between ALMBMI and osteoporosis. The predictive value of ALM for osteoporosis decreased after BMI or height were included as a covariate in the model.

Conclusion:
Absolute ALM (<15 kg) seems to be the most suitable for predicting osteoporosis based on LMM in PMW.
Effects of heavy metal, vitamin, and curry consumption on metabolic syndrome during menopause: a Korean community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Hai Duc , Kim Min-Sun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To determine the associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) during menopause and serum heavy metal levels and vitamin and curry consumption.

Methods:
A data set of 7,131 pre- and postmenopausal women aged ≥ 20 years collected between 2009 and 2017 was used to obtain information on sociodemographic, lifestyles, family histories, food intakes, and serum heavy metal levels and MetS. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between the presence of MetS and risk factors and to predict risks of MetS based on marginal effects.

Results:
Our results show that postmenopausal women had a higher risk of MetS than premenopausal women. During postmenopause elevations in the levels of serum cadmium by one unit increased the risk of MetS by 33% (OR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72, P = 0.028). Risks of MetS in pre- and postmenopausal women, when serum Hb levels increased by 1 unit increased 21% (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33, P < 0.001) and 26% (OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.16-1.38, P < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of MetS risk in pre- and postmenopausal women was increased 2.49-fold and 2.79-fold by a 1% increase in HbA1c level (OR 2.49; 95% CI, 1.97-3.16, P < 0.001) and (OR 2.79; 95% CI, 2.30-3.38, P < 0.001), respectively. High curry consumption reduced the risk of MetS significantly more than low curry consumption (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91, P = 0.017) in premenopausal women. Furthermore, an increase in daily vitamin B2 intake by 1 mg reduced the risk of MetS by 45% (OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.94, P = 0.028) in postmenopausal women.

Conclusion:
Vitamin B2 and curry supplementation may protect against MetS. Further work is needed to reduce risk factors associated with heavy metals and determine the effects of vitamins and curry consumption on MetS during menopause.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A791.
New thin-film adhesive for sealing full-thickness corneal incisions in rabbits
Authors: Tan Jackie , Foster Leslie John Ray , Lovicu Frank James , Watson Stephanie Louise 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To compare the repair of penetrating corneal incisions in an in vivo rabbit model using a laser-activated thin-film adhesive, sutures, or self-seal.

Setting:
The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.

Design:
Animal studies.

Methods:
Under an operating microscope, 2.0 mm penetrating incisions were created in 162 right eyes. Incisions in one group were repaired with the adhesive, the second group received a single 10-0 nylon suture, and the third group was left to self-seal. Rabbits were killed humanely at predetermined timepoints over 2 weeks, and wound healing was assessed using burst pressure and immunohistological studies. A modified McDonald-Shadduck scoring was used to assess eyes.

Results:
The mean burst pressure of the adhesive group was significantly higher than the sutured or self-sealed groups at all timepoints within the first 72 hours. At 0 hour, the burst pressure was 98.0 (±17.0) mm Hg, 30.6 (±2.1) mm Hg, and 3.8 (±0.6) mm Hg (P < .00001) for adhesive-treated (n = 5), sutured (n = 5), and self-sealed wounds (n = 5), respectively. These increased to 229.0 (±53.7) mm Hg, 12.4 (±2.9) mm Hg, and 27.3 (±4.0) mm Hg (P = .0011) at 72 hours. The modified McDonald-Shadduck score was significantly higher for eyes repaired using the adhesive than those sutured or left to self-seal for the first 72 hours. On histology and immunofluorescence, adhesive treatment demonstrated better wound approximation and higher myofibroblastic activation than the other groups.

Conclusions:
The adhesive was efficacious in sealing penetrating corneal incisions and tolerated higher burst pressures than sutures or self-seal. The adhesive was biocompatible in rabbits, and incisions demonstrated a rapid gain in wound strength that sustained over the study period.
Management of Kasabach–Merritt Phenomenon With Transarterial Embolization in Patients With Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Celis-Jiménez Alejandro , Meza-López Ana Sofía , Santana-Cárdenas Carmen Leticia , Cortés-Barrios Delma Gabriela , Requena-Torres Bertha Graciela , Tiznado-García Héctor Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to demonstrate, through a series of four cases, that endovascular approach through transarterial embolization is a useful adjunctive tool and rapid method to reduce tumoral blood flow supply in patients with Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) who present with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP).

Methods:
We reviewed clinical records of four patients from January 2019 to December 2019 in Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría in Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente with clinical diagnosis of KHE who presented with KMP. Patients were treated with transarterial embolization and followed from the time of diagnosis through 6 months following endovascular procedure.

Results:
Serum hemoglobin and platelet counts improved within 48 hours following embolization and were sustained for at least 6 months. Tumors notably decreased in size and improved in color in 3 of 4 patients.

Conclusions:
Transarterial embolization in this group of patients showed a rapid increase in the platelet count, which can be traduced as a good adjunctive treatment for patients that have a slow improvement in platelet count receiving standard medical treatment alone.
Selective Unique Signs of Meniscus Tears as Visualized by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Esdaille Caldon Jayson , Marrero Daniel , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
The meniscus is an organized collection of fibrocartilaginous tissue that is located between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau of the knee which primarily assists with load transmission. The complex composition of articulating soft-tissue structures in the knee causes the menisci to become a common source of injury, especially in the realm of athletic trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the imaging modality of choice for evaluating patients with suspected meniscal pathology because of its numerous advantages over plain radiographs. Most forms of meniscal tears have classic MRI findings and are used in correlation with physical examination findings to confirm or rule out a diagnosis. These imaging findings are referred to as signs and have been well studied, and the associated eponyms for each sign are well published throughout the literature. This article will review and describe a unique selection of meniscal pathology as visualized by MRI that is more commonly published in musculoskeletal radiology literature when compared with orthopedics and sports medicine literature.