bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and analysis of EDM process – a new approach with Al2O3 nano powder mixed in sunflower oil
Authors: MangapathiRao K , Vinaykumar D , Chandra Shekar K , Kumar Rachakonda Ranjith 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study analyses the EDM process of AISI D2 steel with copper tungsten electrode along with Al2O3 powder mixed in sunflower oil as a dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. AISI D2 steel is predominantly used in the manufacture of precision components of dies, press tools, automobiles, aircraft and space equipment. For that reason, it has been selected as work piece material. Based on the high conductivity nature of electrical and thermal characteristics of copper tungsten, it is used as an electrode in the process. Due to the easy availability and affordability, Al2O3 particles of 60 nano meter size is taken as catalyst for mixing with the sunflower oil and used as an alternate dielectric fluid in place of EDM oil. In order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment produced by the gases due to EDM oil, a vegetable oil namely, sunflower oil is used in its place. Flash point, fire point is higher than 300°C in sunflower oil when compared to conventional EDM oil. It is also eco-friendly and biodegradable. Input parameters of pulse interval, pulse duration, discharge voltage and peak current are compared with various output parameters of the process, namely, electrode wear rate, surface roughness and material removal rate. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi L9 experimental design and the effect of process input values over the output process response are analyzed using ANOVA method. The analysis leads to the conclusion that powder mixed EDM process (PMEDM), in which Al2O3nano particles mixed with sunflower oil yields a minimum surface roughness due to the better heat absorption. More removal of material along with a lesser tool wear is also noticed. Nano particles of Al2O3 improved the surface finish due to the abrasive action of the lowest discharge gap between particles.
Optimizing process parameters of die sinking EDM in AISI D2 steel by using TOPSIS using EDM oil as dielectric
Authors: Kumar Rachakonda Ranjith , Jana Anup Kumar , Mohanty Sarat Chandra , Mangapathi Rao K , Guru Shanker V. , Rohit Reddy D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A prodigious research work is being effectuated to endorse the optimal machining parameters while entailing present day machining techniques to bring outclassy products. This research work insisted on suggesting the optimum process parameters of die sinking EDM with 8mm diameter copper electrode during machining AISI D2 steel using TOPSIS.Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array method was adopted to design 9 experiments in total and Pulse on time (Ton), Servo voltage (SV) and Peak current (IP) are chosen as input parameters. Three levels of each parameter were selected for designing the experimentation. EDM oil which is a synthetic oil is selected as dielectric and all the values of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) for each experiment were noted as the output responses. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done to recommend the impact of each input parameter on output responses. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select the weightage of each response and then Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which is a multi-criteria decision analysis method, was accompanied for determination of ideal parameters for machining AISI D2 steel. Eventually it is descried that the amalgamation of level 3 of pulse on time, level 3 of Peak Current and level 3 of servo voltage propounds the optimum result.
Parametric Optimization of Die Sinking EDM in AISI D2 Steel considering Canola oil as Dielectric using TOPSIS and GRA
Authors: Jana Anup Kumar , Ranjith Kumar R , Mohanty Sarat Chandra , Mangapathi Rao K , Shanker V Guru , Reddy A Yashwanth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A colossal research work is being consummated to propose the optimal machining parameters while necessitating current machining techniques to attain elegant products. This research work foregrounded the optimum process parameters of die sinking EDM with 8mm diameter copper electrode during machining AISI D2 steel. Taguchi’s L9 OA method was adopted to design 9 experiments in total and Pulse on time (Ton), Servo voltage (SV) and Peak current (IP) are chosen as input parameters. Three levels of each parameter were selected for designing the experimentation. A natural vegetable oil named Canola oil which is an extract from Canola seeds is taken as dielectric and all the values of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Surface Roughness (SR) for each experiment were noted as the output responses. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) which are two Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods were accompanied for determination of ideal parameters for machining AISI D2 steel. Ultimately it is espied that the coalescence of level 3 of pulse on time, level 2 of Peak Current and level 2 of servo voltage propounds the optimum result by performing TOPSIS and GRA.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties on Non-Ferrous alloys of Copper and Brass Joints made by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Nagesh G , Nageswara Rao K , KKanishk  , Anurag K M , Abhinav N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) and Friction Welding (FW) are the most popular emerging solid welding techniques in aircraft and shipbuilding industries. FSW is mainly used for the joining of metal plates and FW is mainly used for the joining of rods. Both techniques are suitable for high strength material having less weight. These techniques are environmentally friendly and easy to execute. Hence, study on these techniques can contribute much to the field of green technology. There is wide variety of tool pin profiles such as cylindrical, cone and frustum and these are available without and with threaded portion. Considering the work piece materials, the feasibility of this process depends mainly on the properties. Present work deals with welding the copper to copper and brass to brass specimens using cylindrical friction stir weld tool. The weld zones of the specimens were further tested to study tensile strength, hardness and impact strength. A comparative analysis was done to know the impact of friction stir welding on brass and copper material. Based on the comparative analysis prediction can be done for the feasibility of this process to the investigated materials.
Analysis of hole quality errors in drilling of GFRP composite
Authors: Singaravel B , Radhika M , Mohammed Asif M , Reddy Kathhi Palaksha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites applications are widely used now a day due to its greater mechanical, structural and thermal properties. Drilling is the most extensively used manufacturing process in fabrication of composite components. It is commonly used in the final stage of manufacturing or assembling of components. In the process of drilling, various undesirable effects occur such as matrix cracking, fiber damage, delamination, increased surface roughness of hole, circularity and thermal damage, etc., which reduce the quality of hole. Delamination is the major concern among all the undesirable effects. The appropriate selection of cutting parameters and drill bit type can minimize the delamination and improve the hole quality. In the present work, the influence of three types of drill bits and cutting parameters such as feed rate and spindle speed on the hole quality parameters assessed which includes delamination, circularity, diameter deviation and surface roughness. The obtained results conclude that for high spindle speeds, the spur drill gives better hole quality. The assembly accuracy of the drilled hole can be enhanced by the proposed hole quality parameters.
A study on the microstructures of resistance spot welded Al 6063 T6 and SS 304
Authors: Hemanth A , Suresh kumar D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The micro structural and mechanical activity of resistance spot welds (RSW) conducted on 6063-T6 aluminium alloy sheets and SS 304 stainless steel welded at various welding parameters is investigated in this report. In order to determine the effect of welding parameters on the efficiency of the welds, micro structural examinations and hardness assessments were carried out. In order to define their strength and the microstructures of the base and welded components, the welded joints were subjected to static tensile-shear testing. Present work focused on evaluating the mechanical properties for RSW welding aspects of SS 304 and AL6063 T6 materials of 1 and 1.5 mm thick.
Optimization of solid particle erosion of 2205 duplex stainless steel under air jet using Taguchi method
Authors: Kuruvila Roshan , Thirumalai Kumaran S , Adam Khan M , Uthayakumar M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solid particle erosion has been considered as a major problem in all the engineering application. The present erosion studies on the influence of different parameters on erosion for duplex stainless steel (DSS2205) were carried using an air jet erosion test rig with 50 μm size alumina particles at room temperature. The effect of process parameters on erosion were studied using Taguchi method and the contribution was analyzed using ANOVA. The eroded surface was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Taguchi method was utilized to find the optimum process condition which produces lower erosion rate. The results concluded that the impingement angle had greater influence on erosion rate followed by flow velocity and discharge rate. The results were finally validated by the confirmatory experiment.
Unscientific Mining of Corundum at Gobbagurthi, Khammam, Telangana, India
Authors: Sangam Narayan , Rajan Soundar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Unscientific mining of Industrial grade Corundum and gem variety, (gemstone ruby and semiprecious abrasive corundum) is observed surrounding Lakshmipuram, Gobbagurti, Donabanda and Singaraipalem areas of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. Corundum is found occurring in the Khammam Schist Belt., a northern extension of the Nellore Schist Belt of the Indian Peninsular Shield. Local entrepreneurs are involved in the mining of corundum since a long time. Both gem variety and industrial grade occurrences of corundum are observed as in-situ, float, and placer concentrations. Exploration of corundum is manifested in geomorphology, structure and lithology in this area which have proved to be very useful guides for understanding the various controls of corundum mineralization at Gobbagurthi as well as in surrounding areas of corundum occurrences in Khammam district.
Development of PLC based Sequential Pneumatic Punching System
Authors: Murthy Soppari Bhanu , Pothula Narendra , Sreenivasa Rao Dr.M.S. , Ranga Naresh Kumar Goud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Programmable logic sequential pneumatic system is developed for mechanical applications, like sealing, name punching, plate designing, etc. punching machine is considered as inevitable in almost all the industries like mechanical, electronic, food industries and automobile, etc. To print the hallmarks, logos as a brand. In respect to reducing the processing time by upgrading the conventional system to automation by integrating with Programmable logic control (PLC) as the system works with the interfacing of hardware (punching machine) and solenoids to control the actuation sequence. A sequential pneumatic PLC-based automatic punching machine is designed to have great control over the process of punching the hallmarks and logos with an automating feeding system followed by the punching process, which leads to a high production rate and reduces the process lead time, and increases the safety of workers.
Correlations Between Total Ozone Column and Some Metrological Elements in different regions in Iraq
Authors: AL- Rijabo Waleed , Alaythee Mutlag Shafi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aluminium, The aim of this paper, is to find a correlation between Total Ozone Column[ TOC] and different meteorological elements [Ta, Rs, RH, WS ] at five stations well distributed in Iraq [Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Nasiriya, and Basra] using several Mathematical Models. Five Mathematical Models were used for that [Linear Models, Quadratic Models, Exponential Models, Logarithmic Models, and Power Models]. Several statistical tests [R, R2, MAE, and RMSE] were used to control these Models' validation and goodness. The quadratic model gave the highest R and R2 among the other models in all stations. The highest R and R2 means that there are a high significance Correlations between the measured Total Ozone Column (TOC) and the estimated (TOC) from the Models using [Ta, Rs, RH, WS] elements in all stations.
Recovery of Dilute Caustic Solution from the Desalination Plant Reverse Osmosis Discharge Brine Wastewater
Authors: Ramakrishna Kumar M V N M , S V Satyanarayana , Kumar Sharma Yogesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the Gulf region, the major source of drinking water is from sea water desalination with reverse osmosis process. It is a well-known fact that during desalination process highly concentrated brine wastewater is being discharged into the deep sea. As a result, the sea water ecosystem and aquatic life are disturbed. The coral reefs are diminishing in the vicinity of brine wastewater discharge point. The aim of this project is to convert the desalination plant wastewater (brine) into dilute caustic solution. An electrodialysis unit was fabricated with silver anode and graphite cathode. A cation membrane and an anion membrane fixed to separate anode and cathode compartments. The wastewater samples were collected from the Sur, desalination plant. A study was conducted by varying direct current voltage of the electrodialysis unit from 24 V to 48 V. It was observed that at 24 volts the pH was steadily increased to 13.8 in 10 hours. The dilute caustic concentration was reached to 1.2% in 12 hours. The results are encouraging.
Computation of Optimized Strength for modified Fine Fly Ash binder based High Performance Concrete.
Authors: Ponraj Sankar L , Sivasankar S , Shunmugasundaram M , Praveen Kumar A , Zareena S K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To utilize the benefit of the Computational System for Ready-Mixed-Concrete Plant and to meet the increasing demand in the construction industries, it is vital to validate the Compressive-Strength of Concrete for Design Mix Ratio, before batching the concrete. Fine-Fly-Ash (FFA) is a waste from Coal Industries, which can be mixed partially with concrete to reduce the consumption of cement which ultimately reduces carbon footprint during the production of cement and it is economical in construction. Silica Fume (SF), reduce the porosity of concrete. Both minerals are served to increase in the durability. This work is optimized the method for prediction of robustness of the industry to reduce laboratory time. In this paper, Multiple-Regression (MR) and Artificial-Neural-Networks (ANNS) are developed and analysed. To develop these models, the data are collected from the experimental results. The experiments have been conducted at six levels by increasing the amount of FFA mixture with cement starting from 5 to 30 % with an interval of 5% and by increasing the amount of SF partially mixed with cement from 2.5% to 15 % with an interval of 2.5%. The Water and binder ratio is between 0.38% and 0.55%. 150 samples are observed with M20 and M25 grade of concrete. Observations are made at 2 levels of data for analysis purpose and it is denoted as MR1, MR2 and ANNS1, ANNS2 for MR and ANNS respectively and compared. Among the two models, ANNS is more reliable and possess higher degree of adoption than MR model.
Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of Phase Change Material Integrated Stepped Slope Solar Still
Authors: Boopalan N , Kalidasan B , Ranjith K , Dhanush B , Anbarasu S , Panner Selvam S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The major challenge in developing countries is to provide drinking water to the people, several techniques are employed but the challenge is to make cost effective and its sustainability over a period. Most of the developing countries work on saline water conversion to neat drinking water, distillation is one of the old and handy techniques in this conversion; where sunlight is used as energy drive for the process because elevating the temperature of saline water is enough for distillation and also for its free of cost availability. Solar still distilled water costs very less than the conventional method of deriving water from saline water and also people need not to worry about the purification of obtained water. Hence various analysis on increasing the performance of solar stills is required to increase the productivity to meet the rising demand for clean drinking water. The experimental work is carried out with three stepped solar stills, one without phase change material, one with paraffin wax as phase change material and other with calcium nitrate as phase change material. Solar stills are integrated with phase change materials to increase the productivity of clean drinking water by storing the solar energy in the form of latent heat to release in the dark hours for enabling solar sill distillation even during night time. There will be change in the total productivity based on the size of solar still, phase change material used, basin design and exergy efficiency, therefore these parameters have to optimized for better yield of neat drinking water from saline water. Experimentation was carried in the month of February and March of 2020 to estimate and compare the yield of three solar stills for the time period of 24 hours, certainly solar stills equipped with phase change materials resulted in higher total production than solar still without phase change material though their day time productivity was low. Solar still equipped with calcium nitrate as phase change material yielded 8.17 % more clean drinking water than the solar still equipped with paraffin as phase change material, though calcium nitrate is economical than paraffin wax but maintenance of solar still with calcium nitrate as phase change material is a hefty task.
Experimental Studies on Water Absorption Behaviour of Treated and Untreated Hybrid Bio-Composites
Authors: Girimurugan R , Saravanan K.G. , Manickavasagam P. , Gurunathan G. , Vairavel M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Various experimental works were successfully accomplished over the past years on the natural resources reinforced composites. This research work is focused on the water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled along with the epoxy resin matrix bio-composites. Different weight percentages of reinforcement and filler materials were taken to prepare the hybrid composite specimens, whereas the epoxy resin matrix were keeping constant. Traditional hand layup technique was adopted and the boards of the hybrid composites were effectively fabricated by using the same technique. Hybrid bio-composite specimens for water absorption tests were prepared by using the portable wood cutting machine as per the ASTM standards for the efficient justification on experimental results. Water absorption tests on the hybrid bio-composite specimens were carried out as per the ASTM standards. Water absorption behaviour of the treated and untreated banana fiber reinforced, used camellia sinensis particles filled, epoxy resin matrix hybrid composite specimens were absorbed and compared with each other. Experimental results shows that the chemically treated banana fiber reinforced with narrow amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens exhibits the better water absorption behaviour than that of untreated banana fiber reinforced with elevated amount of used camellia sinensis particle filled hybrid composite specimens.
Development of Acoustic Absorption Composite with Application of Coir and Viscose
Authors: Thamaraiselvan V , Mekala N , Dhanapriya G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the current scenario the industry looking for good quality products at low cost as well as recyclable ones. The non-woven products, especially reclaimed nonwoven manufacturing cost is very low when compared to other fabric manufacturing cost and it can be recyclable & attractive too. The sound absorption property is very essential in recent years. So it is very advisable to manufacture the sound absorption material with the help of non-woven fabric. This study speaks about the improvement in sound absorption characteristics of the non-woven composite. To improve the acoustic property of the composite the natural fiber coir has been blended with recycled viscose fiber in six different ratios using a needle-punching technique. The six different (in %) blend ratios of coir and reclaimed viscose is 70:30; 60:40; 50:50: 40; 60: 30:70& 20:80.The composite has been introduced at a minimum of 200 grams so that adequate acoustic property is achievable. The composites are examined with GSM, Abrasion Test, Moisture test, and Acoustic coefficient. The GSM of the composite increases, when the viscose ratio increases in the sample. The abrasion-resistant decreases when the viscose increases. The moisture regains increases when the viscose content increases in the composite. The values of the sound absorption coefficient are high in sample 6 (Coir: reclaimed viscose, 20:80) when compared to other samples, it reflects that the reclaimed viscose has higher acoustic property than coir.
Effect of Stainless Steel Powder as Reinforcement on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Stir Cast Zn-Al Alloy
Authors: Alex Soumyan Skariah , Ilangovan S. , Shanmugasundaram A. , Mohapatra Subinaya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, Zn-40Al alloy is reinforced with 310 stainless steel particle of size 45 μm and its effect on tensile strength, hardness and wear rate were investigated. The Zn-40Al- SS composites were fabricated with 310 tainless steel particle of 3, 6, and 9 wt. % of volume fractions using stir casting technique. Tensile strength and vickers microhardness were tested for the base alloy and for the various combinations of Zn-40Al-SS composite. Dry sliding wear test using Pin-on-Disc machine were carried out for the base alloy and for all the combinations of the composites. Characterization techniques like optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental distribution by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were carried out to analyse the composite. The tensile strength and hardness were high for the reinforcement of 9 wt. %. Also the wear resistance was maximum for the reinforcement of 9 wt. %. The microstructure shows the fine uniform dispersion of the reinforcing particles over the entire matrix. Overall the composite shows a significant improvement in the wear resistance and mechanical properties.
Structural Analysis of Chassis using AISI 4130 and AA 7068
Authors: Arun G V , Kishore Kumar K , Velmurugan S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The chassis frame is the backbone of a vehicle to safely carry the maximum load for all the designed operating conditions. This paper describes the design and analysis of vehicle chassis using different materials for different cross sections. The main objective of this attempt is to reduce the self-weight of the chassis. In this work a truck chassis is taken for modeling and analysis. Two different alloy materials of steel and aluminium are considered for three different cross sections namely I, C and regular box type. SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software are used for modeling and analysis of this work respectively.