bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidade Criminal e Civil dos Degradadores Ambientais no Brasil e na Espanha: O Meio Ambiente Ecologicamente Equilibrado como Direito Humano
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves , Rezende Elcio Nacur 
Published: August 2021

Apresenta-se, sob o prisma do direito brasileiro e espanhol, um estudo sobre a responsabilidade criminal e civil que deve ser imputada àqueles que provocam danos ao Meio Ambiente. O trabalho é propositivo de práticas que consagrem melhor tutela do ambiente no âmbito penal e civil. A justificativa, assentada na análise de fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa e exposta pelo método lógico-dedutivo, é a razão de ser do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado não apenas como direito fundamental, mas como um direito humano, merecedor de uma tutela penal e civil ampla, consistente e efetiva, o que foi objeto da conclusão.
Identidade e Alteridade do Ser: Os Desafios da Pluriversalidade à Interculturalidade
Authors: Sparemberger Raquel Fabiana Lopes , Reis Mauricio Martins 
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar algumas reflexões sobre a relação entre hermenêutica, identidade e alteridade nas sociedades contemporâneas. Enfatiza a questão da identidade numa perspectiva hermenêutica, ou interpretativa, de orientação a partir da qual o ser humano é capaz de tomar uma posição. Reflete sobre a questão identitária e a constituição do Ser. Centrado na questão da identidade,a perspectiva multicultural e intercultural também comparece, pois o trabalho tem como objeto principal demonstrar a constituição de identidades do sujeito a partir do pluriversal e da diversidade de saberes.Utiliza-se do método dedutivo e do procedimento bibliográfico.
O Múltiplo Dialético como Método de Análise do Fenômeno Jurídico: Por uma Nova Matriz Latina de Crítica ao Senso Comum Teórico dos Juristas
Authors: Krohling Aloísio , Xavier Bruno Gadelha 
Published: August 2021

A matriz metodológica do Múltiplo Dialético e a Ética como Matriz Rizomática do princípio fontal da vida digna tem como fundamento rizomático os Direitos Humanos em sua perspectiva crítica e afastada dos ditames da economia globalizada, que aprisiona o discurso humanitário em uma lógica neocolonialista. Neste texto realiza-se uma adoção pela crítica jurídica dialética, com fins de, a partir da estipulação da metódica abordada, tecer considerações necessárias, em sede de construção do pensamento crítico-normativo nacional e latino, no intuito de romper com o que Warat denominou de Senso Comum Teórico dos Juristas, a partir do Múltiplo.
Países Centrais e Periféricos na Pós-Modernidade? A Necessária Relação entre Ocidente e Oriente Para a Sustentabilidade Ambiental
Authors: Fagúndez Paulo Roney Ávila , Da Silva Vera Lucia 
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo focalizar o necessário diálogo entre Oriente e Ocidente. Há um Ocidente racional e um Oriente intuitivo. A modernidade ocidental inaugura o monopólio do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. São considerados países centrais os ocidentais, por deterem a hegemonia política e econômica. Os periféricos são considerados pobres. Há culturas mais antigas. Não se pode promover a divisão, porquanto há a ocidentalização do Oriente e a orientalização do Ocidente. O que se espera é a aproximação entre as duas visões de mundo. A sociedade é global porque também os problemas ambientais são comuns e urgentes.
DA RACIONALIDADE ECONÔMICA À CONCEPÇÃO NORMATIVA DE RECONHECIMENTO: uma revisão teórica sobre perspectivas analíticas da ação coletiva e dos movimentos sociais
Authors: Martins Batalha Glaucia Fernanda Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

O artigo pretende apresentar uma revisão teórica dos modelos analíticos da ação coletiva e dos movimentos sociais dos autores Mancur Olson, Eduard P. Thompson, Barrington Moore Jr., James Scott e Axel Honneth. Para concretização dos fins propostos, adota-se a metodologia que contempla o procedimento de pesquisa bibliográfica, uma vez que esta se volta para as diversas contribuições teóricas dos autores sobre a temática da ação coletiva.
TRATAMENTO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E DIREITO TRIBUTÁRIO: A PRIVACIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA FISCALIZAÇÃO DOS DEVERES FUNDAMENTAIS DE PAGAR IMPOSTOS E DE INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO INDIVÍDUO
Authors: Brandão Filho Murillo Cesar De Mello , Lanzillo Anderson Souza da Silva 
Published: August 2021

Nosso estudo faz uma reflexão sobre as garantias fundamentais da intimidade, vida privada e sigilo de dados no contexto do direito tributário brasileiro, adotando como recorte os deveres fundamentais de pagar impostos e de individualização identificação, abordando o sigilo fiscal e o tratamento de dados pessoais necessários ao aperfeiçoamento do Fisco e para efetividade da solidariedade e cidadania fiscal. VERSÃO EM INGLÊS: TITLE: PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA AND TAX LAW: PRIVACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE INSPECTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES TO PAY TAXES AND INDIVIDUALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSONABSTRACT: Our research aims to analyze the fundamental guarantees of privacy and data confidentiality in the universe of Brazilian tax law, adopting as perspectives the fundamental duty to pay taxes, identification and the processing of personal data necessary for the improvement and effectiveness of solidarity. and fiscal citizenship.KEYWORDS: Data protection. Privacy. Brazilian tax law. Fundamental duty to pay taxes. Tax Citizenship.
POR QUE A CHINA IMPERIAL NÃO PENSOU A LIBERDADE? NOTAS SOBRE AS PECULIARIDADES DA TRADIÇÃO NORMATIVA CHINESA
Authors: Ramos Marcelo Maciel 
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objeto a tradição normativa da China imperial no contexto de suas percepções sobre o homem e o mundo. A partir de um exame de suas peculiaridades linguísticas, intelectuais e éticas, busca-se compreender as razões pelas quais não se teria produzido na cultura chinesa clássica uma preocupação com a liberdade. A noção não só está ausente dos debates dos grandes pensadores chineses, como não se encontrará na língua chinesa clássica nenhum ideograma que corresponda à ideia. Por que a liberdade, que é tão constitutiva do imaginário e dos discursos prevalecentes no Ocidente, esteve ausente em uma civilização tão sofisticada e longeva como a chinesa? Para responder essa questão, procuramos expor neste trabalho as características prevalecentes da normatividade da China imperial, tentando demonstrar como as suas percepções sobre o homem e o mundo resistem e se distanciam daquilo que no Ocidente se pensou como liberdade.
Civilisational Foundations of Inter-elite Interaction in Modern Russia
Authors: Sperkach A. I. 
Published: August 2021

In this article, the author emphasised the absence of stable ideological foundations in the functioning of the Russian elites and the consequences of such a situation both in general and in particular issues of the socio-political life of our country The everyday interaction of the ruling and non-ruling elites (the subordinate and in many respects even the powerless position of the latter) is viewed as traditional for Russia, having historical positive and negative consequences In particular, the weakening of the political, administrative power and will of the political centre almost invariably provokes an open revolt of local and non-ruling elites against it An increase in friction at the present stage between the federal centre and regional elites is noted, which can potentially have serious negative political consequences The idea is rejected that bring to the fore the achievement of certain economic indicators within the framework of tactical pilot projects devoid of integral ideological foundations The conﬂict between Russia and the West (the ideology of globalism) the author interpreted as ideological; its material aspects are of a secondary nature In the author’s opinion, this or that form of ideocracy will deterministically prevail in Russia; the only question is what ideology and values will be the basis for it.
Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016
Authors: Yin Zheng , Brown Alison E , Rice Brian D , Marrone Gaetano , Sönnerborg Anders , Suligoi Barbara , Sasse Andre , Van Beckhoven Dominique , Noori Teymur , Regine Vincenza , Delpech Valerie C 
Published: August 2021

Background
The assumption that migrants acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before migration, particularly those from high prevalence areas, is common.

Aim
We assessed the place of HIV acquisition of migrants diagnosed in four European countries using surveillance data.

Methods
Using CD4+ T-cell count trajectories modelled to account for seroconversion bias, we estimated infection year of newly HIV-diagnosed migrants residing in the United Kingdom (UK), Belgium, Sweden and Italy with a known arrival year and CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis. Multivariate analyses identified predictors for post-migration acquisition.

Results
Between 2007 and 2016, migrants constituted 56% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK, 62% in Belgium, 72% in Sweden and 29% in Italy. Of 23,595 migrants included, 60% were born in Africa and 70% acquired HIV heterosexually. An estimated 9,400 migrants (40%; interquartile range (IQR): 34–59) probably acquired HIV post-migration. This proportion was similar by risk group, sex and region of birth. Time since migration was a strong predictor of post-migration HIV acquisition: 91% (IQR: 87–95) among those arriving 10 or more years prior to diagnosis; 30% (IQR: 21–37) among those 1–5 years prior. Younger age at arrival was a predictor: 15–18 years (81%; IQR: 74–86), 19–25 years (53%; IQR: 45–63), 26–35 years (37%; IQR: 30–46) and 36 years and older (25%; IQR: 21–33).

Conclusions
Migrants, regardless of origin, sex and exposure to HIV are at risk of acquiring HIV post-migration to Europe. Alongside accessible HIV testing, prevention activities must target migrant communities.
Examen de una revista pedagógica-escolar (Argentina, inicios de siglo XX)
Authors: Mosso Agustina 
Published: August 2021

El presente escrito abre líneas de reflexión sobre maestras que utilizaron sus habilidades referentes a la lectoescritura, que la formación en el magisterio les brindó, para dar a conocer sus pensamientos pedagógicos en publicaciones educativas. Enmarcado en los estudios que implican hacer historia de la educación con/de mujeres bajo una perspectiva de género, el artículo se conforma en una fracción perteneciente a un conjunto de pesquisas que, en unidad, le vinculan al tema de investigación doctoral de la autora que gira en torno a maestras escritoras de sus prácticas didácticas y analiza una publicación perteneciente a la creación de una escuela normal, de Coronda, Santa Fe, Argentina, dirigida y organizada por educacionistas de inicios de 1900. El estudio pormenorizado de esta revista, a modo de tipo documental principal, permite determinar no solo el desempeño docente sino además el referente a la escritura de las prácticas educativas de un grupo de mujeres de la docencia argentina de principios de siglo XX.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika di MTs Ma’arif Bandar
Authors: Melasevix Elzra , Asnawi Haidar Ali , Alami Jam Jalani Nur , Masynuah Ika Hidayatul , Putra Ridho Arianto Nanda , Darmadi Darmadi 
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan adalah hal yang utama yang menjadi peran penting bagi kehidupan anak di Indonesia. Dengan adanya pendidikan dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki oleh seorang siswa. Namun beberapa hal masih menjadi penghambat tercapainya tujuan pendidikan yang diantaranya adalah
kurangnya pemahaman terhadap materi-materi yang tidak disukai oleh siswa. Pelajaran matematika masih menjadi pembelajaran yang kurang disukai oleh siswa sehingga dalam proses pembelajarannya siswa kurang mampu memahami konsep dan pemecahan suatu masalah matematika. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan suatu proses pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap pemahaman dan pemecahan soal matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan
kemampuan pemahaman dan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dengan menerapkan metode pembelajaran kontekstual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas MTs Ma’arif Bandar sebagai subjek yang akan menerima tindakan. Dalam memperoleh data, peneliti menggunakan dua cara yaitu tes tulis pada siswa dan melakukan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual kepada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Bandar sangat mempengaruhi pemahaman dan pemecahan masalah matematika.
Where the central canal begins: endoscopic in vivo description
Authors: Longatti Pierluigi , Fiorindi Alessandro , Marton Elisabetta , Sala Francesco , Feletti Alberto 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Although evidence and descriptions of the central canal (CC) along the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord have been provided by several anatomical and radiological studies, a clear picture and assessment of the opening of the CC, or apertura canalis centralis (ACC), into the fourth ventricle is lacking, due to its submillimetric size and hidden position in the calamus scriptorius.

METHODS
The authors reviewed all of their cases in which patients underwent ventricular transaqueductal flexible endoscopic procedures and selected 44 cases in which an inspection of the region of the calamus scriptorius had been performed and was suitable for study inclusion. Patients were divided into different groups, based on the presence or absence of a chronic pathological process involving the fourth ventricle. In each case, the visual appearance of the opening of the CC of the ACC was classified as no evidence (A0), indirect evidence (A1), or clear evidence (A2). Morphometric measurements were inferred from surrounding structures and the size of surgical tools visible in the field.

RESULTS
The opening of the CC could be clearly observed in all cases (A1 4.5%, A2 95.5%). In normal cases, a lanceolate shape along the median sulcus was most frequently found, with an average size of 600 × 250 µm that became rounded and smaller in size in cases of hydrocephalus. The distance between the caudal margin of the ACC and the obex was about 1.8 mm in normal cases, 2.1 mm in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, and 1 mm in cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. The two wings of the area postrema, variable in size and shape, were sited just caudal to the opening.

CONCLUSIONS
A flexible scope inserted through the cerebral aqueduct can approach the hidden calamus scriptorius like a pen fits into an inkpot. With this privileged viewpoint, the authors provide for the first time, to their knowledge, a clear and novel vision of the opening of the CC in the fourth ventricle, along with the precise location of this tiny structure compared to other anatomical landmarks in the inferior triangle.
Anterior transpetrosal approach: experiences in 274 cases over 33 years. Technical variations, operated patients, and approach-related complications
Authors: Tomio Ryosuke , Horiguchi Takashi , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Tamura Ryota , Yoshida Kazunari , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
The anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) was initially reported in 1985. The authors’ institution has 274 case records of surgery performed with the ATPA during the period from 1984 to 2017. Although many technical advances and modifications in the ATPA have occurred over those 33 years, to the authors’ knowledge no articles to date have reported a detailed analysis of variations and complications of the ATPA. In this study, the authors analyzed their patient series to elucidate improvements over time in ATPA methodology while highlighting unresolved problems and evaluating how to avoid surgical complications.

METHODS
All surgical cases (274 patients) using the ATPA at the authors’ institution during the period from 1984 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively using charts, clinical summaries, operative records, and operative videos. Obtained parameters were patient age and sex, diagnosis, size of tumors, location of disease, operative date, neurological symptoms before and after surgery, radiographically identified brain injury, and other surgical complications. The most common diagnosis was petroclival meningioma (n = 158), followed by trigeminal schwannoma (n = 32), chordoma (n = 25), epidermoid tumor (n = 21), other tumor (n = 27), aneurysm (n = 6), and other (n = 5).

RESULTS
The original ATPA was performed in 239 cases. In an additional 35 cases, a modified ATPA was performed. Zygomatic osteotomy with ATPA was a common modification that was used in 19 of the 35 cases to decrease retraction damage to the temporal lobe for high-positioned tumors. Brain injury by temporal lobe retraction without venous hemorrhage still occurred in 8 of the 19 cases (3.1%) with surgical death in 1 of these cases (0.4%) of reoperation with sacrifice of the petrosal vein. Symptomatic CSF leak was the most frequent complication noted and was observed in 35 cases (13.5%). In most of these cases the patients were cured by observation or lumbar drain, but in 6 cases (17.1%) reoperation was needed. Facial nerve damage related to surgical approach decreased from 6.2% to 3.5% after 2010; however, the incidence of CSF leaks (13.5%) has not improved.

CONCLUSIONS
There have been several modifications and advancements made in the ATPA to increase tumor removal and decrease surgical complications. However, complications related to surgical approach occurred, such as venous occlusion–related brain injury and facial nerve damage at pyramid resection. CSF leak remained an unsolved problem related to the ATPA procedures. Preoperative assessment of venous variation of the middle fossa, pneumatization of the temporal bone, and intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves are important procedures to decrease these complications.
Synergy between glutamate modulation and anti–programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Medikonda Ravi , Choi John , Pant Ayush , Saleh Laura , Routkevitch Denis , Tong Luqing , Belcaid Zineb , Kim Young Hoon , Jackson Christopher M. , Jackson Christina , Mathios Dimitrios , Xia Yuanxuan , Shah Pavan P. , Patel Kisha , Kim Timothy , Srivastava Siddhartha , Huq Sakibul , Ehresman Jeff , Pennington Zach , Tyler Betty , Brem Henry , Lim Michael 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) have shown promise for the treatment of cancers such as melanoma, but results for glioblastoma (GBM) have been disappointing thus far. It has been suggested that GBM has multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression, indicating a need for combinatorial treatment strategies. It is well understood that GBM increases glutamate in the tumor microenvironment (TME); however, the significance of this is not well understood. The authors posit that glutamate upregulation in the GBM TME is immunosuppressive. The authors utilized a novel glutamate modulator, BHV-4157, to determine synergy between glutamate modulation and the well-established anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for GBM.

METHODS
C57BL/6J mice were intracranially implanted with luciferase-tagged GL261 glioma cells. Mice were randomly assigned to the control, anti-PD-1, BHV-4157, or combination anti-PD-1 plus BHV-4157 treatment arms, and median overall survival was assessed. In vivo microdialysis was performed at the tumor site with administration of BHV-4157. Intratumoral immune cell populations were characterized with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.

RESULTS
The BHV-4157 treatment arm demonstrated improved survival compared with the control arm (p < 0.0001). Microdialysis demonstrated that glutamate concentration in TME significantly decreased after BHV-4157 administration. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated increased CD4+ T cells and decreased Foxp3+ T cells in mice that received BHV-4157 treatment. No survival benefit was observed when CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were depleted in mice prior to BHV-4157 administration (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the authors showed synergy between anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and glutamate modulation. The authors provide a possible mechanism for this synergistic benefit by showing that BHV-4157 relies on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This study sheds light on the role of excess glutamate in GBM and provides a basis for further exploring combinatorial approaches for the treatment of this disease.
Nerve transfers for femoral nerve palsy: an updated approach and surgical technique
Authors: Peters Blair R. , Ha Austin Y. , Moore Amy M. , Tung Thomas H. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Femoral nerve palsy results in significant impairment of lower extremity function due to the loss of quadriceps muscle function. The authors have previously described their techniques utilizing the anterior obturator and sartorius nerves for transfer in cases of femoral nerve palsy presenting within 1 year of injury. In the current study, the authors discuss their updated techniques, results, and approach to partial and complete femoral nerve palsies using femoral nerve decompression and nerve transfers.

METHODS
They conducted a retrospective review of patients with femoral nerve palsies treated with their technique at the Washington University School of Medicine in 2008–2019. Primary outcomes were active knee extension Medical Research Council (MRC) grades and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients with femoral nerve palsy were treated with femoral nerve decompression and nerve transfer: 4 with end-to-end (ETE) nerve transfers, 6 with supercharged end-to-side (SETS) transfers, and 4 with ETE and SETS transfers, using the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, the sartorius branches, or a combination of both. The median preoperative knee extension MRC grade was 2 (range 0–3). The average preoperative VAS pain score was 5.2 (range 1–9). Postoperatively, all patients attained an MRC grade 4 or greater and subjectively noted improved strength and muscle bulk and more natural gait. The average postoperative pain score was 2.3 (range 0–6), a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Until recently, few treatments were available for high femoral nerve palsy. A treatment strategy involving femoral nerve decompression and nerve transfers allows for meaningful functional recovery and pain relief in cases of partial and total femoral nerve palsy. An algorithm for the management of partial and complete femoral nerve palsies and a detailed description of surgical techniques are presented.