bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape control and stability of multicore millimetre‐sized capsules using a combined monoaxial dispersion electrospraying–ionotropic gelation technique
Authors: Tao Lina , Zhang Ting , Wang Panpan , Ding Mengzhen , Liu Lijie , Tao Ningping , Wang Xichang , Zhong Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulticore millimetre‐sized fish oil‐loaded alginate capsules were developed using a combined monoaxial dispersion electrospraying–ionotropic gelation technique and their stability was explored. By adjusting the preparation parameters, the capsule shapes could be irregular, spherical with a short‐tail, spherical, fusiform, and fusiform with a long‐tail. The continuous phase of the millimetre‐sized capsules consisted of hydrophilic alginate calcium and water. Moreover, the water content increased from 17% to 69% with increased alginate concentration (2.5–30 mg mL−1). The capsules prepared with alginate concentration of 10 mg mL−1 or 20 mg mL−1 show a similar loading ratio (about 5–8%) of fish oil during storage. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) results confirmed the capsules masked the fishy odour of fish oil. Moreover, fish oil slowly migrated from the inside to the outside of the capsules. This work presented a simple method to prepare multicore millimetre‐sized capsules with controlled shapes and a basic understanding of the effect of encapsulation using alginate to mask the fish oil odour.
Can a structured emulsion (fat in water‐fibre system) substitute saturated fat in cookies without hampering their quality?
Authors: Boukid Fatma , Carini Eleonora , Curti Elena , Diantom Agoura , Corte Roberto , Vittadini Elena 
Published: August 2021

SummaryReplacing fat and saturated fat in baked goods without affecting their quality characteristics is a challenging task. This study evaluated complete and partial substitution of saturated fats (butter and palm oil) by structured emulsions [SE, oil (sunflower) – in – water (fibre‐water) emulsion] in cookies by investigating its impact on product quality. Nutritional labelling underlined a drastic reduction in saturated fatty acids [−35% (50% substitution) and −73% (100% substitution)] compared to their conventional counterparts (butter and palm oil). Partial substitution did not markedly affect physicochemical properties, while complete substitution resulted in thinner, harder and darker cookies compared to the controls. Particularly, cookies made with (50:50) structured emulsion – palm oil had the highest sensory scores, and they were perceived as soft, buttery and crunchy. Thus, the use of structured emulsion might be a valuable alternative to develop a potentially healthier product with acceptable sensory properties.
Characterisation of taste‐active compositions, umami attributes and aroma compounds in Chinese shrimp
Authors: Chen Lihua , Zeng Wenhua , Rong Yuzhi , Lou Bao 
Published: August 2021

SummaryChinese shrimp is one of the most important aquatic resource in China due to its unique flavour and high nutritional value. In this study, the taste‐active components including free amino acids (FAAs), 5'‐nucleotides, organic acids, inorganic ions, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and betaine were analysed. The synergistic effect between amino acids and 5'‐nucleotides was determined by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The taste activity value (TAV) and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) were calculated to analyse the major taste‐active components and umami attributes. Then, the aroma compounds were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), head‐space solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods, respectively, and identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Arginine (Arg), glycine (Gly), guanosine 5'‐monophosphate (5'‐GMP), inosine‐5´‐monophosphate (5'‐IMP), de‐nosine‐5´‐monophosphate (5'‐AMP), succinic acid, lactic acid and inorganic ions with TAV higher than 1 contributed greatly to the taste. The umami intensity for 100 g of Chinese shrimp was equivalent to 4.58 g monosodium glutamate (MSG), indicating that Chinese shrimp had relatively high umami taste value. Ninety‐seven volatile compounds including esters, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, heterocycles, aromatics and alkanes were identified. This research might help consumers to understand the flavour compositions and promote the development of flavour products of Chinese shrimp.
Addition of different rosemary preparations (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) to chicken meatballs improves their quality profile
Authors: Hać‐Szymańczuk Elżbieta , Cegiełka Aneta , Chmiel Marta , Piwowarek Kamil , Tarnowska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2021

SummaryEffect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) preparations in baked, vacuum‐packed meatballs from chicken meat during 14 days of storage at +4 °C was assessed. The meatballs were divided into the following groups: RD−with 1.0% of dried spice, REE40 and REE70−with 2.0% of ethanol extracts: 40% (v/v) and 70% (v/v), respectively, and REO−with 0.1% of essential oil. The CONTROL product did not contain added rosemary. In chicken meatballs, the antioxidant stability was determined, microbiological analyses as well as sensory evaluation were performed. After 14 days of storage, the strongest antioxidant activity in the chicken meatballs exhibited rosemary ethanol extracts. Compared with the CONTROL, the REE70 and REO had the best microbiological quality at the end of the storage period. All products with rosemary were sensory acceptable; however, the highest scores in the evaluation of all sensory attributes were obtained by the RD treatment.
Enzymatic interesterification of beef tallow/coconut oil blends to produce a superior margarine base stock
Authors: Cui Huaitian , Li Jun , Xu Xinyue , Li Jiayi , Lu Miaomiao , Song Hong , Wang Shengnan , Yang Lina , Zhu Danshi , Liu He 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe effect enzymatic interesterification (EIE) on the functional performances of beef tallow (BT) blended with coconut oil (CO) in varying proportions was investigated. BT and three different proportions of CO, containing 20%, 30% or 40% CO were interesterified in a solvent‐free system with a commercial immobilised lipase, Lipozyme TL IM. The interesterified oils (IOs) were also processed into margarines, and their textural properties, microstructure as well as their sensory properties, were determined. The IO with 40% CO has the best properties for margarine production, with a low content of high melting‐point triacylglycerols, which should minimise the ‘waxy’ mouth‐feel of BT‐based margarines. The fat in IO‐based margarine (M‐IO) was mainly in the β′ crystal form and the crystals were more evenly distributed than in BT‐based margarine (M‐BT). A sensory and textural evaluation determined that the texture of M‐IO was more compact, and that its colour and flavour were better than M‐BT. The IO obtained may be used as a base oil to replace BT in margarine and has potential application in the margarine industry.
RNA regulatory mechanisms that control antiviral innate immunity
Authors: Gokhale Nandan S. , Smith Julian R. , Van Gelder Rachel D. , Savan Ram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrom the initial sensing of viral nucleotides by pattern recognition receptors, through the induction of type I and III interferons (IFN), upregulation of antiviral effector proteins, and resolution of the inflammatory response, each step of innate immune signaling is under tight control. Though innate immunity is often associated with broad regulation at the level of gene transcription, RNA‐centric post‐transcriptional processes have emerged as critical mechanisms for ensuring a proper antiviral response. Here, we explore the diverse RNA regulatory mechanisms that modulate the innate antiviral immune response, with a focus on RNA sensing by RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLR), interferon (IFN) and IFN signaling pathways, viral pathogenesis, and host genetic variation that contributes to these processes. We address the post‐transcriptional interactions with RNA‐binding proteins, non‐coding RNAs, transcript elements, and modifications that control mRNA stability, as well as alternative splicing events that modulate the innate immune antiviral response.
CT‐guided percutaneous epicardial access for ventricular tachycardia ablation: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Subramanian Muthiah , Ravilla Vishnu V. , Yalagudri Sachin , Saggu Daljeet K. , Rangaswamy Vickram Vignesh , d'Avila Andre , Narasimhan Calambur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preprocedural computed tomography (CT) to guide percutaneous epicardial puncture for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia.Methods and ResultsA preprocedural CT was used to plan the site, angle, and depth of needle insertion during epicardial access in 10 consecutive patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. Adjacent structures (right ventricle, diaphragm, liver, colon, internal mammary artery) were visualized and the course of the needle was planned avoiding these structures. During epicardial access, a protractor was used to guide the angle of needle entry into the subxiphoid space. Postprocedural CT was performed to calculate the deviation between the planned and executed access and to assess for any collateral damage. Percutaneous epicardial access was obtained successfully in all the patients using anterior (n = 4) and inferior (n = 6) approaches. The planned site and angle of puncture was more caudal (2.9 ± 0.9 vs. 3.7 ± 0.7 cm, p = .021) and acute (61.7 ± 5.8 vs. 49.0 ± 5.4°, p = .011) for an anterior approach compared to an inferior approach, respectively. Postprocedure CT revealed minimal deviation of the puncture site (5.4 ± 1.0 mm), angle (5.4 ± 1.2°), and length of needle insertion (0.5 ± 0.2 cm). With regard to the site of entry in the pericardial space, there was a deviation of 5.9 ± 1.1, 6.1 ± 1.1, and 5.8 ± 1.4 mm in the x, y, and z dimensions, respectively. In eight patients with minimal deviation between planned and executed access, there was no collateral injury to adjacent viscera or vessels. In two patients with increased deviation of angle and length of needle insertion, there was entry through the diaphragm during inferior access.ConclusionsUtilizing pre‐procedural CT planning may aid in the success and safety of percutaneous epicardial access during VT ablation.
Prenatal diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome and literature review
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Xie Xiaorui , Su Linjuan , Lin Na , Liang Bin , Guo Nan , Chen Qingquan , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPallister‐Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic genetic disorder usually caused by mosaicism of an extra isochromosome of 12p (i(12p)). This retrospective study analysed the prenatal ultrasound manifestations and molecular and cytogenetic results of five PKS foetuses. Samples of amniotic fluid and/or cord blood, skin biopsy and placenta were collected. Conventional karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) were performed on all the amniotic fluid or cord blood samples. Copy number variants sequencing (CNV‐seq) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also used for the validation for one foetus. All the five foetuses were from pregnancies with advanced parental age. Two foetuses involved structural abnormalities and one foetus had only soft markers, all of which included increased nuchal translucency. The rest two foetuses had normal ultrasounds in the second trimester, which has rarely been reported before. The karyotype revealed typical i(12p) in four cases and a small supernumerary marker chromosome consisting of 12p and 20p in the remaining one case. The proportion of cells with i(12p) ranged from 0 to 100% in cultural cells, while SNP array results suggested 2−4 copies of 12p. For one foetus, metaphase FISH showed normal results, but the interphase FISH suggested cell lines with two, three and four copies of 12p in the amniotic fluid. Advanced parental age may be an important risk factor for PKS, and there were no typical ultrasound manifestations related to PKS. A combination of karyotype analysis and molecular diagnosis is an effective method for the diagnosis of PKS.
Magic and mystery of microRNA‐32
Authors: Zeng ZL , Zhu Qingyun , Zhao Zhibo , Zu Xuyu , Liu Jianghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, small (∼22 nts in length) noncoding RNA molecules that function specifically by base pairing with the mRNA of genes and regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Alterations in miR‐32 expression have been found in numerous diseases and shown to play a vital role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. MiR‐32 has been documented as an oncomiR in the majority of related studies but has been also verified as a tumour suppressor miRNA in conflicting reports. Moreover, it has a crucial role in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This review provides an in‐depth look into the most recent finding regarding miR‐32, which is involved in the expression, regulation and functions in different diseases, especially tumours. Additionally, this review outlines novel findings suggesting that miR‐32 may be useful as a noninvasive biomarker and as a targeted therapeutic in several diseases.
Identification of compound heterozygous DNAH11 variants in a Han‐Chinese family with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Xiong Ying , Xia Hong , Yuan Lamei , Deng Sheng , Ding Zerui , Deng Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders with motile cilia dysfunction. It is clinically characterized by oto‐sino‐pulmonary diseases and subfertility, and half of the patients have situs inversus (Kartagener syndrome). To identify the genetic cause in a Han‐Chinese pedigree, whole‐exome sequencing was conducted in the 37‐year‐old proband, and then, Sanger sequencing was performed on available family members. Minigene splicing assay was applied to verify the impact of the splice‐site variant. Compound heterozygous variants including a splice‐site variant (c.1974‐1G>C, rs1359107415) and a missense variant (c.7787G>A, p.(Arg2596Gln), rs780492669), in the dynein axonemal heavy chain 11 gene (DNAH11) were identified and confirmed as the disease‐associated variants of this lineage. The minigene expression in vitro revealed that the c.1974‐1G>C variant could cause skipping over exon 12, predicted to result in a truncated protein. This discovery may enlarge the DNAH11 variant spectrum of PCD, promote accurate genetic counselling and contribute to PCD diagnosis.
Design and an instantaneous experimental analysis of photovoltaic‐assisted heat pump dryer for agricultural applications using banana chips
Authors: Candan Demet , Oktay Zuhal , Coskun Can 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a prototype small‐scale photovoltaic‐assisted heat pump dryer (SSPVAHPD) has been designed for sustainable agricultural applications and tested by drying banana chips. The measurements were performed in real‐time, with a data acquisition step of 1 s. This is the first study in the published literature to experimentally determine different drying performance parameters with a data acquisition step of 1 s. The same drying process was performed six times in a row under real ambient conditions to determine the actual system performance. Instantaneous energy performance of both the SSPVAHPD and the heat pump system (HPS) was investigated during the drying period. For the developed drying regime, the average coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated to be 5.338 for the HPS. The instantaneous energy efficiency of the PV system achieved an average of 9.11% and a maximum of 17% depending on solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind speed. As a result of the experiments, the instantaneous energy efficiency of the SSPVAHPD varied between 11.82 and 95.47%, with an average of 48.46%. The instantaneous specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) under test conditions started at 16.393 kg/kWh and dropped down to 0.041 kg/kWh—an average of 0.45 kg/kWh.Practical ApplicationsThis is the first study in the literature to examine the PV‐assisted drying process using instant data. In the context of renewable energy use, it has revealed important results for sustainable agricultural practices. It has been demonstrated by the tests that the system can dry with the energy obtained from the sun with high efficiency independent of the grid. In the study, it is possible to use the drying system examined for many different food products, apart from the banana product examined. Drying of perishable products in the field away from the mains may be possible with the system examined. The system can be easily used in the field by positioning it on a mobile vehicle.
e‐Health as a tool to improve the quality of life of informal caregivers dealing with stroke patients: Systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Andrades‐González Ismael , Romero‐Franco Natalia , Molina‐Mula Jesús 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this review was to elucidate the evidence related to utilizing e‐Health as a tool in improving the quality of life of informal caregivers of dependent patients due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA).MethodsThis systematic review with meta‐analysis includes 13 studies. For these studies, seven databases were searched between 2009 and 2019. A random‐effects model was adopted for overall estimation and to explain the heterogeneity.ResultsA random‐effects model was adopted for overall estimation and to explain heterogeneity. The results did not demonstrate statistical significance (p<0.05) and low heterogeneity (I2 = 0).ConclusionsThere is a tendency toward improvement in psychological health, solving care‐related problems, as well as better prevention of problems arising from the burden. Therefore, new studies with larger sample size and primarily to conduct them for more than 6 months for the accuracy.Clinical relevanceThis study reflects a trend toward improving psychological health, solving care‐related problems, as well as improved the prevention of problems arising from the burden.
Morphology of the nutrient artery and its foramen in relation to femoral bone perfusion rates of laying and non‐laying hens
Authors: Hu Qiaohui , Nelson Thomas J. , Seymour Roger S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIf arteries penetrate bones through foramina, regional artery blood flow rates can be estimated from the foramen sizes. Femoral bone blood flow rates estimated from nutrient foramen sizes were previously not absolute, but only a relative blood flow index (Qi), because the size relationship between the foramen and the occupying artery was unknown. The current study used vascular contrast and micro‐computerized tomographic scanning to investigate femoral nutrient foramen and nutrient artery sizes in three groups of sub‐adult chickens (non‐laying hens, laying hens, and roosters) of similar ages. The results indicate that the cross‐sectional area of the nutrient artery lumen occupies approximately 20.2 ± 4.1% of the foramen for femora with only one foramen. Artery lumen size is significantly correlated with foramen size. Vascular contrast imaging is capable of estimating blood flow rates through nutrient arteries, as blood flow rates estimated from artery lumen casts are similar to blood flow rates measured by infusion of fluorescent‐labeled microspheres. Laying hens tend to have higher nutrient artery perfusion rates than non‐laying hens, probably due to extra oxygen and calcium requirements for eggshell production, although the calculated blood flow difference was not statistically significant. Histological embedding and sectioning along with vascular contrast imaging reveal variable nutrient foramen morphology and nutrient artery location among femora with more than one nutrient foramen.
AUTHORITY AND EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC MEDICAL ETHICS OF WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Authors: Ayubi Zahra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a serious lacuna in Islamic medical ethics in considering the category of gender, especially in the consciousness that gender, maleness, femaleness, or non‐binary status, affects how patients receive medical counsel and medical care, and interact with religious authorities and care providers. This lack of attention to gender is also true for specifically so‐called “women’s health” topics such as assisted reproductive technologies or abortion. This essay argues that in order to be a more ethical discourse, Islamic medical ethics of reproductive health needs to break free from the gendered limitations of male‐only authority of jurists and the limited legal frameworks offered by the fiqh genre. Instead it ought to incorporate multiple epistemologies of Islamic ethics.
JOY AS PRESENCE
Authors: Rudd Anthony 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKierkegaard’s 1849 Discourses on The Lily of the Field and the Bird of the Air, place great emphasis on joy as a state in which one is present to oneself through living in the present moment. But this seems to conflict with the emphasis in Kierkegaard’s nearly contemporary The Sickness Unto Death on temporality as an essential aspect of human existence, and on the need to synthesize temporality and eternity in order to avoid despair. The two works might then seem to support different answers to the recently much‐debated question of whether Kierkegaard had a narrative account of personal identity. I argue that this is not in fact the case, and that Kierkegaard’s account of living in the present is compatible with a narrative self‐understanding. In arguing for this conclusion, I compare and contrast Kierkegaard with St. Augustine and T. S. Eliot.
How do Fathers With ID Experience Their Children Being Removed from Their Care Through the English Court System?
Authors: Pytlowana Agnieszka , Kroese Biza Stenfert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFathers with ID are likely to face many disadvantages when compared with non‐ID parents, such as social and financial challenges and emotional trauma, including trauma due to having their children removed from their care. Services are required to support fathers with ID and tailor their practices to be accessible to this group of parents. Despite recommendations, many services continue to struggle to provide this.AimsThere are very few studies exploring the experiences of fathers with ID whose children have been removed by English courts. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the experiences of these fathers in order to inform practice guidelines on how fathers with ID can be best supported.MethodsInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze interviews with five fathers.ResultsIPA produced the following themes: The Court as Lion's Den, Fighting for my Role as a Father, and The Personal Cost of it All.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that fathers with ID find the experience of their children being taken into care overwhelmingly painful. The processes by which these decisions are made are seen as unfair. Recommendations for practice improvement are offered.