bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Anatomy Coursework for Professional School
Authors: Robertson Ellen 
Published: June 2021

Some portion of students entering health professional programs each year have had prior coursework in anatomy even if anatomy is not a pre‐requisite course for their given program. Programs training future clinicians in medicine, dentistry, physical and occupational therapy all provide in depth anatomy instruction early in their respective curricula. Who provides this instruction at the professional schools, along with their anatomy teaching background, can vary widely across institutions and professions. In the allied health fields of physical and occupational therapy, the majority of faculty are called out of the clinical ranks to fill teaching vacancies and therefore must pursue terminal degree to satisfy accreditation requirements. Many of these programs call on faculty from outside of the clinical profession, and perhaps even the institution, to teach their courses in anatomy and neuroscience. Graduate programs in anatomy can fill an important gap in the training options for clinicians who are interested in pursuing teaching options within their professional field, or who already have begun.In many health professional programs gross anatomy is a difficult course, taught early in the curriculum, which can cause students to need remediation and/or face removal from the program. Without knowledge of the students' abilities in the professional program the only source of information about this potential struggle is prior academic coursework and standardized testing usually gathered as part of the admissions application. Throughout the health professions there is research on prior academic coursework and the predictive value towards program outcomes; however, the specific details in regards to anatomy coursework are not as thoroughly researched.These issues have led to a research study that aims to look at how prior courses in anatomy impact student performance in the health professional gross anatomy courses. The outcomes include both grade performance data and the students' own perceptions of the value of their prior coursework. Even though statistical analyses do not support a grade benefit to the prior anatomy course for medical and dental students, the students perceive it to be tremendously beneficial both at the beginning and end of their professional school gross anatomy coursework. Student perceptions can lead to increased confidence going into a course and also influence the decisions that students make in regards to their study habits.Future directions for this research include expanding the study to occupational and physical therapy students as well as a comparison across the four disciplines at a major medical center. Outcomes from this project could impact undergraduate pre‐health sciences advising, professional school admissions, and student supports in health professional programs.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Transition from “Unclaimed Bodies” to Body Donation – an Ongoing Process
Authors: Winkelmann Andreas 
Published: June 2021

At a time when dissection as a teaching tool may be replaced by other educational approaches in some programs, and time allocated to it is reduced in others, dissection of a human body is still the cornerstone of anatomical education in most places. Historical developments in this respect are diverse, and anatomists around the world operate within multiple political, legal, cultural, and religious backgrounds to acquire bodies for this purpose. A look at the sources of bodies for anatomy teaching on a global scale reveals that many anatomists still depend on “unclaimed bodies”, while some even have to import bodies from abroad. Today, the ethical gold standard of anatomical dissection is body donation – also officially recommended by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). While it can be argued that the use of unclaimed bodies can be acceptable for a time of transition in certain circumstances, when without their use anatomical education would be impossible, the aim should nevertheless be the establishment of voluntary body donation programs based on informed consent. The pace of this transition will differ between cultures and countries, but there are encouraging examples, including Taiwan and India, of the recent successful implementation of body donation programs.Support or Funding Informationno extra fundingThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Ethical Questions for Anatomical Body Programs in an Age of Digital Technology
Authors: Cornwall Jon 
Published: June 2021

Digital technology is influencing how many teaching institutions use bodies donated to science, with medical imaging procedures, photographs, 3D printing, and genomic information all being increasingly utilized. The increasing use of digitization raises new ethical considerations about how such bodies are used. Elements of information acquisition and communication that were not previously relevant, including ease of data sharing, size and type of data bases, authorization of information transfer, commercialization of information, and incidental findings arising from exome analysis, must now be considered. At present there is a lack of empirical evidence to guide appropriate utilization of this digital information including how acquisition, utilization, distribution, and destruction of such data should take place. The increasing use of digital technology with bodies donated to science raises questions on the nature of informed consent in a digital age, how family involvement in consent processes should be shaped, about anonymity and information sharing, and how potential commercialization of data should be addressed to facilitate the additional benefits such technology may bring to anatomical education.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Reframing Anatomy as a “Safe Space” for Acquiring Professional Competencies: The Role of History and Ethics of Anatomy in Medical Education
Authors: Hildebrandt Sabine 
Published: June 2021

In an era of diminishing room for anatomy in medical school curricula, students themselves embrace anatomical dissection not only as a means of learning the structure and function of the human body, but also as an opportunity for the acquisition of professional competencies such as team work, patient–doctor interaction, medical epistemology, and self‐awareness. The anatomical dissection course also presents an opportunity for reflection on medical ethics. One productive approach to the discussion of ethical questions is the study of the history of anatomy, as insights from this history shine a clear light on the present. Ideally, anatomy thus provides not only a new awareness of ethical issues, but also an opportunity for the practice of these new insights in the “safe space” of the labs. Consequently, a new role has developed for anatomists, which includes the interweaving of the scholarly exploration of the history and ethics of anatomy with the practical application of research results into a new concept of ethical anatomical education.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hippo pathway in nutrient response and cell growth
Authors: Guan Kun‐Liang 
Published: June 2021

The Hippo pathway is crucial in organ size control and its dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. Core components of the Hippo pathway include the protein kinases of MST1/2, MAP4Ks, and LATS1/2 as well as the transcription co‐activators of YAP/TAZ and their DNA binding partners TEADs. The current paradigm for regulation of this pathway centers on phosphorylation‐dependent nuclear‐cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP/TAZ through a complex network of upstream components that act via the LATS1/2 kinases. We have found that the Hippo pathway is also regulated by cellular metabolism and energy status. There is a functional crosstalk between Hippo and mTOR pathways as YAP/TAZ induces expression of amino acid transporter to promote mTOR activity. YAP/TAZ activity is potently regulated by mechanical signals, such as matrix stiffness. We will discuss new mechanistic insights how the Hippo pathway is regulated by mechano signals.Support or Funding InformationCA196878GM51586This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Molecular Mechanism of Transcription Transcription‐Coupled Repair
Authors: Wang Dong 
Published: June 2021

Progression of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation along the DNA template strand can be blocked by a number of obstructions, including covalent DNA lesions, non‐canonical DNA structures, intrinsic arrest sequences, and small molecules or proteins bound to the DNA. These arrested transcriptional complexes, if not resolved in a timely manner, can be harmful to the cell and increase the risk of genomic instability.Eukaryotic transcription‐coupled DNA repair is an important sub‐pathway of nucleotide excision repair that preferentially removes DNA lesions from the template strand that block Pol II translocation. This process is initiated by Pol II arrested by DNA lesion and the recruitment of Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB) to the lesion‐arrested Pol II. However, the function and molecular mechanism of transcription‐coupled repair initiation have remained elusive.Here we report our recent structural and functional studies of lesion‐arrested Pol II and Pol II‐CSB complex. These structures provide important structural insights of how DNA lesions are recognized during transcription and the key roles of CSB in both transcription‐coupled repair and transcription elongation. These studies greatly advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of transcription‐coupled DNA lesion recognition and transcription‐coupled repair initiation.Support or Funding InformationNIGMSThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Ketones drive mitochondrial uncoupling in adipose tissue
Authors: Walton Chase , Bikman Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the ketone b‐hydroxybutyrate (bHB) on mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling in distinct adipose tissues.MethodsWe used cell, rodent, and human models. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with bHB; in rodents and humans, following a period of ketosis, fat samples were excised and measured for similar mitochondrial outcomes. In each model, mitochondria respiration was analyzed and, where presently available, UCP1 levels were measured.ResultsIn every model, bHB robustly increased mitochondrial respiration. In rodent tissue, UCP1 expression was higher in inguinal fat.ConclusionsKetones increase mitochondrial respiration in cells and mammalian adipose tissue, likely via upregulation of UCP1.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Quantitative proteomics for understanding modified proteins and proteomes
Authors: Garcia Benjamin A. 
Published: June 2021

Mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for characterization of thousands of proteins from any cellular source. Here in this presentation, I will highlight advances in mass spectrometry based methodology to detect post‐translational modifications on histone proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, dynamics of global protein modifications and to also identify RNA‐protein interaction domains. We will specifically describe high‐throughput comparison of proteins from multiple cellular states (ii) mass spectrometry methods for quantitative tracking of combinatorial modifications (iii) monitoring in vivo post‐translational modification dynamics, and (iv) instrumental methods to improve data acquisition. These studies in combination with biological experiments will help provide a systems biology outlook on gene expression that will lay down the basic scientific foundation to advance several applications, such as stem cell reprogramming and cancer progression.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Seeing the invisible by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kay Lewis E. 
Published: June 2021

With the ever‐evolving development of new biophysical tools and increasingly powerful techniques for biomolecular structural studies it is reasonable to contemplate the role of solution based NMR spectroscopy in going forward. In this talk I will describe a number of studies on molecular machines from my laboratory, emphasizing the unique role that NMR can play in providing quantitative descriptions of molecular dynamics and how such motion relates to function. The complementarity of NMR to other structural techniques is such that as they continue to advance so to will the utility of NMR. If anything NMR is far more valuable today than it was even a decade ago. This will be emphasized through a number of examples.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Discovery of new roles for zinc in biology from quantitative mapping of zinc in mammalian cells
Authors: Palmer Amy 
Published: June 2021

Fluorescent tools have launched biological research into a new realm of understanding of cellular processes and dynamics at the single‐cell level. These tools are enabling characterization of stochasticity and heterogeneity exhibited by biological systems, which could not adequately be probed by techniques that rely on bulk analysis of populations of cells. Fluorescent sensors are increasingly providing insight into the “dark matter” of the cellular milieu: small molecules, secondary metabolites, metals, and ions. One of the great promises of such sensors is the ability to quantify cellular signals in precise locations with high temporal resolution. Yet this is coupled with the challenge of how to ensure that sensors are not perturbing the underlying biology and the need to systematically measure hundreds of individual cells over time. This talk will highlight our efforts to develop genetically encoded FRET‐based sensors for quantitative mapping of zinc ions in cells. I will discuss approaches for defining whether sensors perturb cellular ions, and the specific challenges associated with quantifying ions in cellular organelles. Finally, I will discuss our efforts at systematic quantitative analysis of long‐term imaging of ions during the cell cycle to highlight the need for sophisticated image analysis algorithms. These studies have revealed that zinc is dynamic over the course of the cell cycle and plays an important role in the proliferation‐quiescence cell fate decision.Support or Funding InformationNIH DP1, NIH GM084027This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenctomy Surgical Training: An Anatomical and Clinical Realistic Simulation Learning Model
Authors: de Moricz André , Thuler Fabio , Barros Mirna Duarte , Mendes Carlos José Lazzarini , Silva Rodrigo Altenfelder , Pacheco Adhemar Monteiro 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe learning curve in surgical training to perform laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy, tends to be long. The surgeon needs to develop advanced laparoscopic skills to accomplish a safe resection and a complex anastomosis like pancreatojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy. The low prevalence of pancreatic disease and the risks of leakage and post‐operative pancreatitis during the attempt to perform an adequate anastomosis are some of the major problems related to this surgical learning curve.ObjectiveTo describe a pancreatoduodenectomy realistic simulation learning model based on anatomical and clinical knowledge of pancreatic and biliary tract morphology, capable to develop and improve surgical skills.Material and MethodsUsing the “EVA Laparoscopica II geração”(Prodelphus Comercio e Industria Importação & Exportação de Simuladores e Equipamentos Médicos Ltda. – www.prodelphus.com.br) (figure 1) as model to simulate an abdominal cavity, we built a resected pancreatic remnant, the liver and choledochal duct, a segment of jejunal loop, located and fixed on the correct abdominal topography similar to the previous recognition of anatomical videolaparoscopy landmarks showed in human anatomy laboratory (figure 2,3). This prosthetic simulator permit to the trainee, the practice of pancreatojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy using different technics and surgical material, mimicking the real procedure (figure 4,5,6). This realistic simulation learning model allows the surgeon to improve his surgical skills and permit the instructor to evaluate and teach in real time the position of trocars, tricks of running or separate sutures, knots, drainage and the quality of the anastomosis that are perform using an external catheter infusion system with colored ink In the teaching process, progressive levels of surgical skills can be scored (figure 7,8).ResultsThe presented model above had its first test with a group of ten (10) surgeons in a hands‐on laparoscopic pancreatic surgery course last october 2017. The students had different levels of graduation from senior residents with basic laparoscopic training to post graduated and fellows with mild to advanced experience in laparoscopic pancreatic surgery.ConlusionThis anatomical and clinical realistic simulation learning model permits the development and improvement of surgical skills necessary for surgeons to shorten the laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy learning curve.Support or Funding Informationthere is no support or fundingThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The return of the Researcher
Authors: Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , Guzman‐Lopez Santos 
Published: June 2021

A long time (15 yrs) ago, in a medical school far, far away… A few young professors and students set out and started discussing medical articles and research ideas. Soon, an idea was executed and a paper was published. A group began to form, introducing medical students and colleagues into research and publishing, and so, our anatomy research group (GIA) was established. The objective: to be competitive in a constantly changing profession, and against publishing medical schools and hospitals across the world.Today, GIA receives approximately 25 new students each semester. After a year of introduction course, or 6 months and a research summer, they can apply to interest oriented subgroups (Bone & joints, vascular, central nervous system, peripheral nerves, orbit & eye, head & neck, reproductive, or medical education) as an extra‐curricular activity. Each sub‐group works as a journal club, allowing between 10 – 12 students to work closely with mentors (clinicians and researchers) to develop a morphological based project with clinical relevance, and finish with a publication as first authors. Each student publishes between 1 and 3 papers in indexed journals during the 2 to 4 years they are in the sub‐group. They are constantly exposed to workshops and courses to further their knowledge and experience in their area of interest, as well as research and publishing skills. They are also sent to local and national meetings to present their work as posters or oral presentation. This has attracted more professors and department chiefs from the clinical fields to want to get involved as mentors and publish. It has created new inter‐departmental relationships with stronger and higher impact protocols. Recently graduated clinicians from their specialty, who were involved in the formation of this group and published as students, now return as mentors for new generations, to generate new knowledge, answer questions in their fields, and the motivation to complete a PhD.This model has shown great advantages for our medical school. It has increased the Anatomy Department's productivity, publishing well over 10 papers yearly during the last 5 years, and the formation of new and better trained researchers in basic and clinical fields. Students who become residents are well prepared and easily perform clinical trials in their fields. It incites more PhDs among professors, it improves the quality and quantity of research, it strengthens the curriculum, and brings stability, uniting MDs with research.Support or Funding InformationThere is no external funding. All funding is provided by our Human Anatomy Department and Medical School.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Impact of Compulsory Attendance on Anatomy Exam Performance
Authors: Hill Cheryl A. , Greer Sean , Sellers Kaleb , Ward Carol V. 
Published: June 2021

Attendance in face‐to‐face anatomy lectures is dwindling since lectures are commonly recorded and viewed outside of the traditional classroom. It is suggested that consistent and engaged lecture attendance generally improves students' performance. Instructors use this information to encourage or require attendance in their face‐to‐face lectures. However, data show an equivocal relationship between compulsory attendance and improved performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of compulsory attendance on exam performance in an undergraduate human anatomy lecture course.The study sample consisted of two different sections of undergraduate human anatomy lecture with the same instructor (N=821 students). Data were collected for two semesters. Each semester, one section had compulsory lecture attendance, while the other section had optional attendance. Compulsory and optional attendance data were collected by the instructor using an audience response system. The students enrolled in the compulsory attendance section received points for each lecture, while students in the optional attendance section had additional points awarded for the open‐book homework assignments. Three in‐class exams were administered each semester to both sections. Scores for the three exams were compared using one‐way repeated measures ANOVA.Analyses indicate that compulsory attendance does not result in statistically significant improvements in exam scores for this sample. These results demonstrate that there may be other factors influencing exam performance in anatomical education, including students' engagement, motivation and extracurricular responsibilities.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.