bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subphthalocyanine‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole Conjugates: 3D Star‐Shaped Systems as Non‐Fullerene Acceptors in Polymer Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Álvaro‐Martins Maria J. , Sánchez José G. , Lavarda Giulia , Molina Desiré , Pallarès Josep , Torres Tomás , Marsal Lluis F. , Sastre‐Santos Ángela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Ángela Sastre‐Santos, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Prof. Lluis F. Marsal, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Prof. Tomás Torres, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. The cover shows a toy doll holding an umbrella which represents a non‐planar, highly conjugated subphthalocyanine‐diketopyrrolopyrrole hybrid molecule for non‐fullerene organic solar cells. When the sun shines on the umbrella, it absorbs the light, and the doll slides down a polymeric flexible solar cell like a slide, where electrons are produced and electricity flows into the magic wand to illuminate the room. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Ángela Sastre‐Santos, Lluis F. Marsal, Tomás Torres, and co‐workers.
Dormancy attributes in sunflower achenes (Helianthus annuus L.): II. Sowing date effects
Authors: Riveira Rubin Mailen , Arata Gonzalo Joaquin , López Esteban Dario , Rodriguez Maria Veronica , Batlla Diego 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed industry needs nondormant seeds (i.e., seeds with the capacity to germinate in a wide range of environmental conditions) for processing and packaging. Thus, the presence of persistent seed dormancy is an undesirable trait. Dormancy level depends on the genotype and on the maternal environment. The aim of the present work was to study, in a wide range of sunflower genotypes, the effect of variations in sowing date on achene dormancy level and to investigate if these changes are related to variations in (a) embryo or coat‐imposed dormancy, (b) dormancy expression at high or low incubation temperatures, and (c) embryo sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). Two experiments were performed. In Experiment I, 20 sunflower genotypes were sown in two contrasting planting dates during three consecutive years, whereas in Experiment II, 1579 genotype was sown in five dates along a 5‐mo period. At harvest and during postharvest storage, fruit structures were incubated at different incubation temperatures in water and ABA. Descriptive multivariate analyses showed that late sowings provoked an enhancement of achene germination at harvest and a faster dormancy release during postharvest storage in all genotypes. However, the magnitude of the response, the temperature at which dormancy was expressed, and the tissue responsible for achene dormancy varied among genotypes. The mechanism that partially explains this dormancy alleviation appears to be the sensitivity of embryo germination to ABA inhibition. Result suggest that sowing date can be managed to obtain less‐dormant sunflower seed lots without significant yield loss.
Chemo‐Biological Upcycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) to Multifunctional Coating Materials
Authors: Kim Hee Taek , Hee Ryu Mi , Jung Ye Jean , Lim Sooyoung , Song Hye Min , Park Jeyoung , Hwang Sung Yeon , Lee Hoe‐Suk , Yeon Young Joo , Sung Bong Hyun , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Park Si Jae , Joo Jeong Chan , Oh Dongyeop X. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChemo‐biological upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) developed in this study includes the following key steps: chemo‐enzymatic PET depolymerization, biotransformation of terephthalic acid (TPA) into catechol, and its application as a coating agent. Monomeric units were first produced through PET glycolysis into bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), mono(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET), and PET oligomers, and enzymatic hydrolysis of these glycolyzed products using Bacillus subtilis esterase (Bs2Est). Bs2Est efficiently hydrolyzed glycolyzed products into TPA as a key enzyme for chemo‐enzymatic depolymerization. Furthermore, catechol solution produced from TPA via a whole‐cell biotransformation (Escherichia coli) could be directly used for functional coating on various substrates after simple cell removal from the culture medium without further purification and water‐evaporation. This work demonstrates a proof‐of‐concept of a PET upcycling strategy via a combination of chemo‐biological conversion of PET waste into multifunctional coating materials.
Comprehensive survey of routing protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Rady Asmaa , El‐Rabaie E L‐Sayed M. , Shokair Mona , Abdel‐Salam Nariman 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) have emerged as a new evolution trend in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technology as a result of the growth and popularization of mobile terminal technology. WSNs' feature spectrum is greatly expanded by the mobility of nodes introduced by MWSNs. MWSN is a network with lots of sensors that are initially distributed randomly and collaborate to gather, process, and transmit information around targets to the sink node. MWSN is an overgrowth and emerging technology with significant applications that provide free moving for sensors and adaptable communicating with each other without fixed infrastructure. Because of their small size, they have limited radio capability, storage, and power. Therefore, MWSNs are utilized to improve network lifetime, energy expenditure, and channel capacity than fixed WSNs. Many routing protocols have recently been introduced to perform advances in the field of energy expenditure for MWSN data collection. This paper introduces a survey on hierarchical‐based routing protocols for MWSNs. The survey outlines the classification of the routing techniques in the aspect of mobility. The comparisons between Mobile Sensor Node (MSN) protocols, Mobile Sink (MS)protocols, and protocols for mobile of both sink and sensor node together are introduced individually. Moreover, the commercial software programs for MWSNs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future trends in MWSNs are presented.
Evidence for widespread changes in the structure, composition, and fire regimes of western North American forests
Authors: Hagmann R. K. , Hessburg P. F. , Prichard S. J. , Povak N. A. , Brown P. M. , Fulé P. Z. , Keane R. E. , Knapp E. E. , Lydersen J. M. , Metlen K. L. , Reilly M. J. , Sánchez Meador A. J. , Stephens S. L. , Stevens J. T. , Taylor A. H. , Yocom L. L. , Battaglia M. A. , Churchill D. J. , Daniels L. D. , Falk D. A. , Henson P. , Johnston J. D. , Krawchuk M. A. , Levine C. R. , Meigs G. W. , Merschel A. G. , North M. P. , Safford H. D. , Swetnam T. W. , Waltz A. E. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImplementation of wildfire‐ and climate‐adaptation strategies in seasonally dry forests of western North America is impeded by numerous constraints and uncertainties. After more than a century of resource and land use change, some question the need for proactive management, particularly given novel social, ecological, and climatic conditions. To address this question, we first provide a framework for assessing changes in landscape conditions and fire regimes. Using this framework, we then evaluate evidence of change in contemporary conditions relative to those maintained by active fire regimes, i.e., those uninterrupted by a century or more of human‐induced fire exclusion. The cumulative results of more than a century of research document a persistent and substantial fire deficit and widespread alterations to ecological structures and functions. These changes are not necessarily apparent at all spatial scales or in all dimensions of fire regimes and forest and nonforest conditions. Nonetheless, loss of the once abundant influence of low‐ and moderate‐severity fires suggests that even the least fire‐prone ecosystems may be affected by alteration of the surrounding landscape and, consequently, ecosystem functions. Vegetation spatial patterns in fire‐excluded forested landscapes no longer reflect the heterogeneity maintained by interacting fires of active fire regimes. Live and dead vegetation (surface and canopy fuels) is generally more abundant and continuous than before European colonization. As a result, current conditions are more vulnerable to the direct and indirect effects of seasonal and episodic increases in drought and fire, especially under a rapidly warming climate. Long‐term fire exclusion and contemporaneous social‐ecological influences continue to extensively modify seasonally dry forested landscapes. Management that realigns or adapts fire‐excluded conditions to seasonal and episodic increases in drought and fire can moderate ecosystem transitions as forests and human communities adapt to changing climatic and disturbance regimes. As adaptation strategies are developed, evaluated, and implemented, objective scientific evaluation of ongoing research and monitoring can aid differentiation of warranted and unwarranted uncertainties.
Prevalence of eating disorders and comorbid psychopathology in a US sample of treatment‐seeking veterans
Authors: Vaught Amanda S. , Piazza Vivian , Raines Amanda M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are a well‐studied public health issue in the general population. Less is known, however, about the prevalence of such conditions and levels of comorbid psychopathology among military and veteran populations. The current study sought to describe the probable prevalence of EDs and levels of comorbid psychopathology using a racially diverse treatment‐seeking sample of US veteran men and women.MethodVeterans (N =254) presenting for routine clinical care completed self‐report questionnaires assessing EDs, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and shame.ResultsThirty‐one percent of the sample met probable criteria for either bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder, or purging disorder. Although overall ED prevalence estimates were similar across men and women, estimates of BN were higher among Black veterans compared to White veterans or veterans who identified as a race other than Black or White. Further, mean levels of psychopathology were significantly higher in veterans with a probable ED compared to those without.DiscussionThis study extends previous research and highlights the importance of establishing dedicated ED screening programs within the Veterans Health Administration.
Large and small herbivores have strong effects on tundra vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska
Authors: Lindén Elin , Gough Laura , Olofsson Johan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Large and small mammalian herbivores are present in most vegetated areas in the Arctic and often have large impacts on plant community composition and ecosystem functioning. The relative importance of different herbivores and especially how their specific impact on the vegetation varies across the Arctic is however poorly understood.

Here, we investigate how large and small herbivores influence vegetation density and plant community composition in four arctic vegetation types in Scandinavia and Alaska. We used a unique set of exclosures, excluding only large (reindeer and muskoxen) or all mammalian herbivores (also voles and lemmings) for at least 20 years.

We found that mammalian herbivores in general decreased leaf area index, NDVI, and abundance of vascular plants in all four locations, even though the strength of the effect and which herbivore type caused these effects differed across locations. In three locations, herbivore presence caused contrasting plant communities, but not in the location with lowest productivity. Large herbivores had a negative effect on plant height, whereas small mammalian herbivores increased species diversity by decreasing dominance of the initially dominating plant species. Above‐ or belowground disturbances caused by herbivores were found to play an important role in shaping the vegetation in all locations.

Synthesis: Based on these results, we conclude that both small and large mammalian herbivores influence vegetation in Scandinavia and Alaska in a similar way, some of which can mitigate effects of climate change. We also see important differences across locations, but these depend rather on local herbivore and plant community composition than large biogeographical differences among continents.
Preventive implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in contemporary clinical practice: need for more stringent selection criteria
Authors: Deckers Jaap W. , Arshi Banafsheh , van den Berge Jan C. , Constantinescu Alina A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the efficacy of the intracardiac defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention is not disputed, the relevant studies were carried out a long time ago. Most pertinent trials, including MADIT‐II, SCD‐Heft, and DEFINITE, recruited patients more than 20 years ago. Since then, improved therapeutic modalities including, in addition to cardiac resynchronization therapy, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors, and, most recently, inhibitors of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2, have lowered present‐day rates of mortality and of sudden cardiac death. Thus, nowadays, ICD therapy may be less effective than previously reported, and not as beneficial as many people currently believe. However, criteria for ICD implantation remain very inclusive. The patient must (only) be symptomatic and have ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. The choice of EF 35% is notable because the average EF in all large trials was much lower, and clinical benefit was mainly limited to EF ≤ 30%. This EF cut‐off value defines a substantial portion of potential ICD recipients. It seems therefore reasonable to limit ICD eligibility criteria in the EF range 30–35% to patients at highest risk only. We discuss and present some rational criteria to assist the clinician in improving risk stratification for preventive ICD implantation.
Sacubitril/valsartan in real‐life European patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giovinazzo Stefano , Carmisciano Luca , Toma Matteo , Benenati Stefano , Tomasoni Daniela , Sormani Maria Pia , Porto Italo , Canepa Marco , Senni Michele , Metra Marco , Ameri Pietro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsWe systematically reviewed the European real‐world evidence (RWE) about sacubitril‐valsartan for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.Methods and resultsTwenty‐one articles, including 16 952 subjects, were identified until 31 October 2020. Taking as reference the PARADIGM‐HF cohort, few baseline characteristics were presented in >80% of these studies, most often with high heterogeneity. In random‐effects model meta‐analysis, age was higher (mean difference +3.84, 95% CI 1.92–5.76), ischaemic aetiology (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.91), hypertension (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.82), and diabetes (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.92) were less common, and the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists was more frequent (OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.27–5.53) in real‐life than in PARADIGM‐HF. Other clinical and medical features were presented in 19–76% of the selected publications and suggested more severe heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Sacubitril‐valsartan was titrated to 97/103 mg b.i.d. in 35% (95% CI 23–47) and discontinued in 12.8% (95% CI 7.4–18.3) patients. When reported, the incidence of hyperkalaemia (six studies, no. 1076), all‐cause mortality (five studies, no. 684), and any hospitalization (three studies, no. 390) was 12 (95% CI 5–19)/100 person‐year, 8 (95% CI 4–12)/100 person‐year, and 24 (95% CI 5–42)/100 person‐year, respectively. Knowledge contribution, a metric measuring the proportion of RWE provided by each article based on the number of reported variables and the sample size, was 58.8% and 13.6% for the two biggest investigations (12 082 and 2037 patients), and <5% for all others (most with <100 subjects).ConclusionsLimited‐quality RWE indicates that there are important differences between European patients prescribed sacubitril‐valsartan and the PARADIGM‐HF population, including the frequency of target dose achievement.
Study on thermal performance of casing‐type mine heat recovery device with phase change materials filling in annular space
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Muyan , Liu Lang , Yang Qixing , Song KI‐IL 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe underground mine contains abundant geothermal energy resources. The casing‐type mine heat recovery device with encapsulated phase change material (PCM) embedded in the backfill body is efficient technology for extraction of geothermal energy in mines. A heat transfer model of a casing‐type mine heat recovery unit was established to study the influence of PCMs thermophysical property and phase transition process on the thermal performance of backfill body. The effects of phase transition temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and phase transition latent heat of PCMs on the temperature variation in backfill body and the thermal performance of casing‐type mine heat recovery device were studied in the heat storage/release mode. The result indicates that the phase transition temperature is expected to be lower in heat storage mode and higher in heat release mode, respectively. The heat transfer rate can be significantly enhanced by PCMs with larger thermal conductivity in both heat storage and heat release modes. Furthermore, PCMs with large specific heat capacity and latent heat should be used to improve the energy storage effect. After 10 hours of heat storage/release, when the specific heat capacity increases from 1000 to 3000 J/(kg ∙ K), the heat storage capacity and heat extraction capacity increased by 9.11% and 6.69%, respectively; when the phase transition latent heat increases from 100 to 200 kJ/Kg, the heat storage capacity and heat extraction capacity increased by 4.79% and 3.29%, respectively.
Pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance of the genus Crucianella L. (Rubiaceae) in Iran
Authors: Parsapanah Soheyla , Faghir Marzieh Beygom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Pollen morphology of nine species of Crucianella L. and ten subspecies of C. gilanica representing two sections: Roseae and Crucianella, was investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the studied species (except for C. angustifolia) are palynologically described here for the first time. The results revealed considerable pollen character variation among the studied species. The pollen grains are monads, isopolar, radial symmetrical and relatively small. The largest pollen grains were observed in C. angustifolia (P = 24.12 µm, E = 26.04 µm), while the smallest pollen was found in C. gilanica subsp. carduchorum (P = 16.32 µm, E = 12.57 µm). The outline pollen grains varied from subcircular to circular in polar view and elliptical to quadrangular and circular in equatorial view. The shape of pollen changed from spheroidal to oblate‐spheroidal, prolate‐spheroidal, suboblate, subprolate and prolate. The pollen grains are zonocolpate and their number of colpi ranges from 6 to 10. The results showed five different types of sexine ornamentation: perforate, reticulate, microreticulate, microfoveolate and psilate. The sexine of all examined specimens is covered with microspines. The current survey shows that the pollen morphological characters of the studies species are taxonomically informative and may provide good help in identification purposes. We used multivariate analysis to determine the potential contribution of palynological data to the species relationships. The result of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed pollen morphological affinities between the two studied sections.
Investigation of the possibility of fermentation of red grape juice and rice flour by Lactobacillusplantarum and Lactobacilluscasei
Authors: Mirmohammadi Royaossadat , Zamindar Nafiseh , Razavi Seyed Hadi , Mirmohammadi Mehrosadat , Paidari Saeed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the possibility of the bacterial growth and substrate metabolism during the fermentation of red grape juice and the mixture of red grape juice and rice flour solution using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei. In recent years, cereal‐based beverages have been used as functional compounds such as antioxidants, dietary fiber, minerals, probiotics, and vitamins in diets. In this research, fermentation of red grape juice (media 1) and 1:1 mixture of red grape juice and rice flour solution (media 2) by two strains of gram positive and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria: L. plantarum and L. casei (individually and mixed) was examined. Fermentation was carried out at 37°C for 48 hr. Microbial population, pH, acidity, sugar, and organic acid metabolism were measured during the fermentation period. Data showed that in media 2 fermented with mixed culture of both L. plantarum and L. casei, acidity and microbial population increased sharply at the initial stages of fermentation, and the most percentage of lactic acid production occurred. Red grape juice fermented with mixture of L. plantarum and L. casei showed the most sugar consumption (p < .05). Results indicated that the use of the mixture of red grape juice and rice flour solution can be a proper substrate for producing lactic acid.
The novel KIT exon 11 germline mutation K558N is associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mastocytosis, and seminoma development
Authors: Meir Michael , Maurus Katja , Kuper Jochen , Hankir Mohammed , Wardelmann Eva , Rosenwald Andreas , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFamilial gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are dominant genetic disorders that are caused by germline mutations of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase KIT. While sporadic mutations are frequently found in mastocytosis and GISTs, germline mutations of KIT have only been described in 39 families until now. We detected a novel germline mutation of KIT in exon 11 (p.Lys‐558‐Asn; K558N) in a patient from a kindred with several GISTs harboring different secondary somatic KIT mutations. Structural analysis suggests that the primary germline mutation alone is not sufficient to release the autoinhibitory region of KIT located in the transmembrane domain. Instead, the KIT kinase module becomes constitutively activated when K558N combines with different secondary somatic mutations. The identical germline mutation in combination with an additional somatic KIT mutation was detected in a second patient of the kindred with seminoma while a third patient within the family had a cutaneous mastocytosis. These findings suggest that the K558N mutation interferes with the juxtamembranous part of KIT, since seminoma and mastocystosis are usually not associated with exon 11 mutations.