bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of limbus detection, arcus lipoides and limbal vessels on the primary patency of clear cornea incisions in femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery
Authors: Boden Karl Thomas , Schlosser Rosemarie , Reipen Lena , Seitz Berthold , Januschowski Kai , Szurman Peter , Wakili Philip , Julich‐Haertel Henrike , Rickmann Annekatrin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the factors influencing the primary patency of clear corneal incisions in femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).MethodsIn this prospective single‐centre study, the graphical user interfaces of 159 patients undergoing femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery were documented by video. Subsequently, the quality of limbus detection along with the incidence of vessels and an arcus lipoides were assessed by a grading system and analysed in relation to the primary patency of the incisions. In particular, the differences between a superior and a temporal main incision were analysed.ResultsThe designed grading system could be applied in all cases without any problems. Limbus detection was highly inhomogeneous but had no influence on the patency of the incisions (46.3% poor, 18.4% moderate, 35.1% good). The characteristics of the arcus lipoides had little influence on the patency of the main incisions. Pronounced vascular ingrowth caused more tissue bridges but did not reduce the patency of the incisions. Temporal access was generally easier to open than a superior one (97.1% versus 88.9%).ConclusionWe showed a patency rate of superior FLACS incisions of over 97% with the Femto LDV Z8 in our study. Temporal main incision is preferable to superior main incision in more difficult situations. The new grading system is suitable for further studies to provide information on the quality of the incision.
Predicting mortality from acetaminophen poisoning shortly after hospital presentation
Authors: Yarema Mark C. , Johnson David W. , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , DeWitt Chris , Gosselin Sophie , Murphy Nancy , Victorino Charlemagne , Bailey Benoit , Dong Kathryn , Haney Elizabeth , Purssell Roy , Thompson Margaret , Lord Jason A. , Spyker Daniel A. , Rumack Barry H. 
Published: January 2021

AimsEarly identification of patients likely to die after acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning remains challenging. We sought to compare the sensitivity and time to fulfilment (latency) of established prognostic criteria.MethodsThree physician toxicologists independently classified every in‐hospital death associated with APAP overdose from eight large Canadian cities over three decades using the Relative Contribution to Fatality scale from the American Association of Poison Control Centres. The sensitivity and latency were calculated for each of the following criteria: King's College Hospital (KCH), Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) ≥33, lactate ≥3.5 mmol/L, phosphate ≥1.2 mmol/L 48+ hours post‐ingestion, as well as combinations thereof.ResultsA total of 162 in‐hospital deaths were classified with respect to APAP as follows: 26 Undoubtedly, 40 Probably, 27 Contributory, 14 Probably not, 25 Clearly not, and 30 Unknown. Cases from the first three classes (combined into n = 93 “APAP deaths”) typically presented with supratherapeutic APAP concentrations, hepatotoxicity, acidaemia, coagulopathy and/or encephalopathy, and began antidotal treatment a median of 12 hours (IQR 3.4–30 h) from the end of ingestion. Among all patients deemed “APAP deaths”, meeting either KCH or lactate criteria demonstrated the highest sensitivity (94%; 95% CI 86–98%), and the shortest latency from hospital arrival to criterion fulfilment (median 4.2 h; IQR 1.0–16 h). In comparison, the MELD criterion demonstrated a substantially lower sensitivity (55%; 43–66%) and longer latency (52 h; 4.4–∞ h, where “∞” denotes death prior to criterion becoming positive).ConclusionsMeeting either KCH or serum lactate criteria identifies most patients who die from acetaminophen poisoning at or shortly after hospital presentation.
Targeting macrophage liver X receptors by hydrogel‐encapsulated T0901317 reduces atherosclerosis without effect on hepatic lipogenesis
Authors: Ma Chuanrui , Feng Ke , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yang Zhimou , Wang Zhongyan , Shang Yuna , Fan Guanwei , Liu Lipei , Yang Shu , Li Xiaoju , Han Jihong , Duan Yajun , Chen Yuanli 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeTargeting macrophage but not hepatocyte liver X receptors (LXRs) can reduce atherosclerosis without effect on hepatic lipogenesis. In this study, we encapsulated LXR ligands with D‐Nap‐GFFY to form a nanofibre hydrogel (D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 or GFFY‐T0901317) and determined its effect on atherosclerosis, hepatic lipogenesis and the underlying mechanisms involved.Experimental ApproachD‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 was subcutaneously injected to proatherogenic diet‐fed apoE‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice, followed by determination of the development of atherosclerosis, liver steatosis and the involved mechanisms, with comparison of T0901317 oral administration.Key ResultsSubcutaneous injection of D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 to Apoe−/− mice inhibited atherosclerosis at a comparable level as T0901317 oral administration without effect on hepatic lipogenesis. More importantly, D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 regressed the advanced lesions. In arterial wall, D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 reduced macrophage/foam cells, necrotic cores and calcification and increased collagen content. It activated expression of ABCA1/G1 and smooth muscle α‐actin, while inhibiting expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1). D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 also reduced serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines and facilitated Kupffer cell M2 polarization. Mechanistically, D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 was selectively taken up by macrophages but not hepatocytes, resulting in activation of macrophage ABCA1/G1 expression, while having no effect on lipogenic genes in hepatocytes. Moreover, the selective uptake of D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 by macrophages was mainly completed in a scavenger receptor class A‐dependent manner.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study demonstrates that D‐Nap‐GFFY‐T0901317 reduces atherosclerosis without effect on hepatic lipogenesis by targeting macrophage LXRs selectively, indicating its potential application for atherosclerosis treatment.
Genetically defined favourable adiposity is not associated with a clinically meaningful difference in clinical course in people with type 2 diabetes but does associate with a favourable metabolic profile
Authors: Heald Adrian H. , Martin Susan , Fachim Helene , Green Harry D. , Young Katherine G. , Malipatil Nagaraj , Siddals Kirk , Cortes Gabriela , Tyrrell Jessica , Wood Andrew R , Beaumont Robin N. , Frayling Timothy M. , Donn Rachelle , Narayanan Ram Prakash , Ollier William , Gibson Martin , Yaghootkar Hanieh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsChange in weight, HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure and cardiometabolic events over time is variable in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that people with a genetic predisposition to a more favourable adiposity distribution could have a less severe clinical course/progression.MethodsWe involved people with type 2 diabetes from two UK‐based cohorts: 11,914 individuals with GP follow‐up data from the UK Biobank and 723 from Salford. We generated a ‘favourable adiposity’ genetic score and conducted cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies to test its association with weight, BMI, lipids, blood pressure, medication use and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke using 15 follow‐up time points with 1‐year intervals.ResultsThe ‘favourable adiposity’ genetic score was cross‐sectionally associated with higher weight (effect size per 1 standard deviation higher genetic score: 0.91 kg [0.59,1.23]) and BMI (0.30 kg/m2 [0.19,0.40]), but higher high‐density lipoprotein (0.02 mmol/L [0.01,0.02]) and lower triglycerides (−0.04 mmol/L [−0.07, −0.02]) in the UK Biobank at baseline, and this pattern of association was consistent across follow‐up.There was a trend for participants with higher ‘favourable adiposity’ genetic score to have lower risk of myocardial infarction and/or stroke (odds ratio 0.79 [0.62, 1.00]) compared to those with lower score. A one standard deviation higher score was associated with lower odds of using lipid‐lowering (0.91 [0.86, 0.97]) and anti‐hypertensive medication (0.95 [0.91, 0.99]).ConclusionsIn individuals with type 2 diabetes, having more ‘favourable adiposity’ alleles is associated with a marginally better lipid profile long‐term and having lower odds of requiring lipid‐lowering or anti‐hypertensive medication in spite of relatively higher adiposity.
Occurrence of Diaporthe species in Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster and Quercus suber in Portugal
Authors: Lopes Ana Filipa , Batista Eduardo , Hilário Sandra , Santos Liliana , Alves Artur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe genus Diaporthe is a cosmopolitan group of fungi that includes important plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes with the ability to colonize a wide range of plant hosts. Pathogenic Diaporthe species are often reported to cause symptoms like dieback, stem canker, leaf spots, fruit rots and seed decay resulting in important economic losses on several crops. However, the occurrence of Diaporthe species associated with forest hosts and their pathogenic potential is poorly understood. We studied a collection of Diaporthe isolates obtained from a survey of forest‐related fungal diseases on Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster and Quercus suber in Portugal. Several Diaporthe species (D. eres, D. rudis, D. crousii, D. malorum and D. foeniculina) were found among the studied hosts. Pathogenicity trials were conducted to analyse the pathogenic potential and the ability to colonize putative new hosts. We report the occurrence of D. eres on P. pinaster in Portugal and a new host association with Q. suber. Additional new host reports were as follows: D. malorum and D. crousii on E. globulus, D. foeniculina on Q. suber and D. rudis on P. pinaster. Overall, Diaporthe species were shown to have low pathogenic impact on forest hosts under non‐stress conditions, despite their capability to colonize different hosts during the pathogenicity trials.
Calling activity determines male mating success in a territorial frog with parental care
Authors: Souza Jesus R. D. , Kaefer Igor L. , Lima Albertina P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA contentious aspect in dendrobatoid frog behaviour is the recognition of the predominant factor—if any—driving male mating success. This is probably related to an extensive correlation among different male quality predictors. Here, we investigated the diurnal and territorial nurse frog Allobates subfolionidificans by means of a field study during one entire breeding season in Brazilian Amazonia. We tested the roles of two intrinsic male properties (body size and calling activity) and five territory‐related variables (territory size, vegetation cover, nesting site, perch height and food availability) on male reproductive output. A multiple regression analysis revealed calling activity as the only variable predicting male mating success in A. subfolionidificans. Vocalisation probably represents the most energetically expensive activity that a male frog undertakes during his lifetime, thus calling activity may be used by A. subfolionidificans females as a cue to mate choice that indicates competitive potential and male quality. Alternatively, non‐choosy females also should be more likely to encounter and mate with males that advertise more often throughout the breeding season.
Nursing management at a Chinese fever clinic during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Y. , Qiang W.‐m. , Wang C. , Wu P.‐p. , Li M.‐m. , Kong Q.‐q. , Yu L.‐y. , Chen L. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe rampant spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has assumed pandemic proportions across the world. Attempts to contain its spread have entailed varying early screening and triage strategies implemented in different countries and regions.AimTo share the experience of scientific and standardized management of fever clinics in China, which provide the first effective checkpoint for the prevention and control of COVID‐19.IntroductionA fever clinic was established at our hospital in Tianjin, China, for initially identifying suspected cases of COVID‐19 and controlling the spread of the disease.MethodsThe management system covered the following aspects: spatial layout; partitioning of functional zones; a work management system and associated processes; management of personnel, materials and equipment; and patient education.ResultsWithin two months of introducing these measures, there was a comprehensive reduction in the number of new COVID‐19 cases in Tianjin, and zero infections occurred among medical staff at the fever clinic.DiscussionThe fever clinic plays an important role in the early detection, isolation and referral of patients presenting with fevers of unknown origin. Broad screening criteria, an adequate warning mechanism, manpower reserves and staff training at the clinic are essential for the early management of epidemics.ConclusionThe spread of COVID‐19 has been effectively curbed through the establishment of the fever clinic, which merits widespread promotion and application.Implications for nursing and health policiesHealth managers should be made aware of the important role of fever clinics in the early detection, isolation and referral of patients, and in the treatment of infectious diseases to prevent and control their spread. In the early stage of an epidemic, fever clinics should be established in key areas with concentrated clusters of cases. Simultaneously, the health and safety of health professionals require attention.
Comparative incidence and burden of respiratory viruses associated with hospitalization in adults in New York City
Authors: Sieling William D. , Goldman Connor R. , Oberhardt Matthew , Phillips Matthew , Finelli Lyn , Saiman Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the burden of influenza is well characterized, the burden of community‐onset non‐influenza respiratory viruses has not been systematically assessed. Understanding the severity and seasonality of non‐influenza viruses, including human coronaviruses, will provide a better understanding of the overall disease burden from respiratory viruses that could better inform resource utilization for hospitals and highlight the value of preventative strategies, including vaccines.MethodsFrom October 2017 to September 2019, a retrospective study was performed in a pre‐defined catchment area to estimate the population‐based incidence of community‐onset respiratory viruses associated with hospitalization. Included patients were ≥18 years old, resided in New York City, were hospitalized for ≥24 hours, and had a respiratory virus detected within 3 calendar‐days of admission. Disease burden was measured by hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in‐hospital mortality and compared among those with laboratory‐confirmed influenza versus those with laboratory‐confirmed non‐influenza viruses (human coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus).ResultsDuring the study period, 4232 eligible patients were identified of whom 50.9% were ≥65 years of age. For each virus, the population‐based incidence was highest for those ≥80 years of age. When compared to those with influenza viruses detected, those with non‐influenza respiratory viruses detected (combined) had higher population‐based incidence, significantly more ICU admissions, and higher in‐house mortality.ConclusionsThe burden of non‐influenza respiratory viruses for hospitalized adults is substantial. Prevention and treatment strategies are needed for non‐influenza respiratory viruses, particularly for older adults.
Personal protective equipment related skin reactions in healthcare professionals during COVID‐19
Authors: Abiakam Nkemjika , Worsley Peter , Jayabal Hemalatha , Mitchell Kay , Jones Michaela , Fletcher Jacqui , Spratt Fran , Bader Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians have had to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for prolonged periods. This has been associated with detrimental effects, especially in relation to the skin health. The present study describes a comprehensive survey of healthcare workers (HCWs) to describe their experiences using PPE in managing COVID‐19 patients, with a particular focus on adverse skin reactions. A 24‐hour prevalence study and multi‐centre prospective survey were designed to capture the impact of PPE on skin health of hospital staff. Questionnaires incorporated demographics of participants, PPE type, usage time, and removal frequency. Participants reported the nature and location of any corresponding adverse skin reactions. The prevalence study included all staff in intensive care from a single centre, while the prospective study used a convenience sample of staff from three acute care providers in the United Kingdom. A total of 108 staff were recruited into the prevalence study, while 307 HCWs from a variety of professional backgrounds and demographics participated in the prospective study. Various skin adverse reactions were reported for the prevalence study, with the bridge of the nose (69%) and ears (30%) being the most affected. Of the six adverse skin reactions recorded for the prospective study, the most common were redness blanching (33%), itchiness (22%), and pressure damage (12%). These occurred predominantly at the bridge of the nose and the ears. There were significant associations (P < .05) between the adverse skin reactions with both the average daily time of PPE usage and the frequency of PPE relief. The comprehensive study revealed that the use of PPE leads to an array of skin reactions at various facial locations of HCWs. Improvements in guidelines are required for PPE usage to protect skin health. In addition, modifications to PPE designs are required to accommodate a range of face shapes and appropriate materials to improve device safety.
Drying kinetics of beef meat: Modeling by the isenthalpe mass flux method
Authors: Tom Ahmat , Bruneau Denis , Djongyang Noël 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents an experimental study of the drying kinetics of beef meat and a new approach of modeling these kinetics based on mass flow. Seven drying conditions, similar to those found in tropical drying processes were explored, combining three temperature values (40,50, and 60 ° C), three air velocity values (0.33, 0.66, and 1 m/s) and three relative humidity values (25, 50, and 65%). Results showed two phases of drying: a first short phase, of constant drying rate called isenthalpe phase and a second phase of decreasing drying speed. The kinetics model obtained takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of the product (equilibrium water content, initial content, and critical water content), the physical quantities of drying air related to the experimental conditions (conductivity, viscosity, and density) and the geometry of the dryer (hydraulic diameter of the pipe). The model describes the experimental values with a very good precision (residues lower than 5%).Practical Applications
the conception, the sizing, and the manufacturing of drying equipments more suited for tropical drying processes in general and to beef meat in particular.
the optimization of solar drying processes for meat.
improving the quality of solar drying processes for meat products.
Neurolysin substrates bradykinin, neurotensin and substance P enhance brain microvascular permeability in a human in vitro model
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Abraham J. , Pervaiz Iqra , Karamyan Vardan T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreased brain microvascular permeability and disruption of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) function are among hallmarks of several acute neurodegenerative disorders, including stroke. Numerous studies suggest the involvement of bradykinin (BK), neurotensin (NT) and substance P (SP) in BBB impairment and oedema formation after stroke; however, there is paucity of data in regard to the direct effects of these peptides on the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and BBB. The present study aimed to evaluate the direct effects of BK, NT and SP on the permeability of BBB in an in vitro model based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived BMECs. Our data indicate that all three peptides increase BBB permeability in a concentration‐dependent manner in an in vitro model formed from two different iPSC lines (CTR90F and CTR65M) and widely used hCMEC/D3 human BMECs. The combination of BK, NT and SP at a sub‐effective concentration also resulted in increased BBB permeability in the iPSC‐derived model indicating potentiation of their action. Furthermore, we observed abrogation of BK, NT and SP effects with pretreatment of pharmacological blockers targeting their specific receptors. Additional mechanistic studies indicate that the short‐term effects of these peptides are not mediated through alteration of tight‐junction proteins claudin‐5 and occludin, but likely involve redistribution of F‐actin and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. This is the first experimental study to document the increased permeability of the BBB in response to direct action of NT in an in vitro model. In addition, our study confirms the expected but not well‐documented, direct effect of SP on BBB permeability and adds to the well‐recognised actions of BK on BBB. Lastly, we demonstrate that peptidase neurolysin can neutralise the effects of these peptides on BBB, suggesting potential therapeutic implications.
Experimentally elevated testosterone shortens telomeres across years in a free‐living songbird
Authors: Heidinger Britt J. , Slowinski Samuel P. , Sirman Aubrey E. , Kittilson Jeffrey , Gerlach Nicole M. , Ketterson Ellen D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReproductive investment often comes at a cost to longevity, but the mechanisms that underlie these long‐term effects are not well understood. In male vertebrates, elevated testosterone has been shown to increase reproductive success, but simultaneously to decrease survival. One factor that may contribute to or serve as a biomarker of these long‐term effects of testosterone on longevity is telomeres, which are often positively related to lifespan and have been shown to shorten in response to reproduction. In this longitudinal study, we measured the effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on telomere shortening in free‐living, male dark‐eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis carolinensis), a system in which the experimental elevation of testosterone has previously been shown to increase reproductive success and reduce survival. We found a small, significant effect of testosterone treatment on telomeres, with testosterone‐treated males exhibiting significantly greater telomere shortening with age than controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased telomere shortening may be a long‐term cost of elevated testosterone exposure. As both testosterone and telomeres are conserved physiological mechanisms, our results suggest that their interaction may apply broadly to the long‐term costs of reproduction in male vertebrates.