bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Preoperative CT and MR Imaging Findings in the Prediction of Postoperative Recurrence of Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Wang Qi‐zheng , Zhang En‐long , Xing Xiao‐ying , Su Min‐ying , Lang Ning 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the predictive value of preoperative imaging in patients with spinal giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) for postoperative recurrence and risk stratification.MethodsClinical data for 62 cases of spinal GCTB diagnosed and treated at our hospital from 2008 to 2018 were identified. All patients were followed up for more than 2 years according to the clinical guidelines after surgery. Medical history data including baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of recurrent and non‐recurrent patients were compared. Two musculoskeletal radiologists read the images and were blinded to the clinical data. The imaging features associated with postoperative recurrence were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff value of the largest lesion diameter predicting recurrence after surgery.ResultsAccording to whether the disease recurred within the follow‐up period, patients were divided into the recurrence group and the non‐recurrence group. Of 62 patients (29 males and 33 females), 17 had recurrence and 45 did not. The recurrence rate was 27.4%. The mean follow‐up time was 73.66 (± 32.92) months. The three major treatments were total en bloc spondylectomy (n = 26), intralesional spondylectomy (n = 20), and curettage(n = 16). A total of 16 CT and MRI features were analyzed. A univariate analysis showed no significant difference in age, sex, treatment, multi‐vertebral body involvement, location, boundary, expansile mass, residual bone crest, paravertebral soft tissue mass, CT value, and MRI signal on T1‐weighted imaging (WI), T2‐WI, and T2‐WI fat suppression (FS) sequences (P > 0.05). The largest lesion diameter [(4.68 ± 1.79) vs (5.92 ± 2.17) cm, t = 2.287, P = 0.026] and the vertebral compression fracture (51% vs 82%, χ2 = 5.005, P = 0.025) were significantly different between the non‐recurrence and recurrence groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that both largest lesion diameter (odds ratio [OR], 1.584; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.108–2.264; P = 0.012) and compression fracture (OR, 8.073; 95%CI, 1.481–11.003; P = 0.016) were independent predictors of postoperative recurrence. When we set the cutoff value for the largest lesion diameter at 4.2 cm, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing the recurrence and non‐recurrence of GCTB were 94.1% and 42.2%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.671. The combined model achieved a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 47.1%, 97.8% and 83.9%, respectively.ConclusionsIn spinal GCTB, maximum lesion diameter and the vertebral compression fracture are associated with tumor recurrence after surgery, which may provide helpful information for planning personalized treatment.
Increased food diversity in the first year of life is inversely associated with allergic outcomes in the second year
Authors: Zhong Chunrong , Guo Jinrong , Tan Tianqi , Wang Huanzhuo , Lin Lixia , Gao Duan , Li Qian , Sun Guoqiang , Xiong Guoping , Yang Xuefeng , Hao Liping , Yang Hongying , Yang Nianhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence on the relationship between diet diversity in early life and allergic outcomes was few and inconsistent. We sought to determine the association of food diversity in the first year of life with allergic outcomes in the second year.MethodsTwo thousand two hundred fifty‐one mother‐infant pairs from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) were involved in the study. Information on complementary foods introduction was obtained by telephone interview at 6‐ and 12‐month postpartum follow‐up. Any doctor‐diagnosed allergic diseases in the second year were recorded at 2‐year postpartum follow‐up. Food allergies in infancy were assessed and self‐reported by mothers at each postpartum follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the effect of food diversity at 6 and 12 months of age on later allergic diseases and food allergy.ResultsA total of 135 (6.0%) infants reported allergic diseases at between 1 and 2 years of age. Independent of food allergy history of infants and other potential confounders, less food diversity at 6 months of age was associated with increased risk of later allergic diseases (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.04–4.50 for 0 vs. 3–6 food groups). By 12 months of age, significant inverse associations with later allergic diseases (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.03–5.32 for 1–5 vs. 8–11 food groups, and OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.16–3.37 for 6–7 vs. 8–11 food groups) and food allergy (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.29–3.42 for 1–5 vs. 8–11 food groups) were observed. Children with higher food diversity in both periods had the lowest risk of allergic diseases during the second year of life.ConclusionsA more diverse diet within the first year of life was associated with reduced risk of allergic diseases at 1–2 years of age. Introducing higher diversity of foods from 6 to 12 months of age might be an effective strategy to improve the allergy outcomes of infants in later life.
Public perceptions of ecological restoration within the context of Norwegian landscape management
Authors: Stange Erik , Hagen Dagmar , Junker‐Köhler Berit , Kaltenborn Bjørn P. 
Published: November 2021

Ecological restoration is poised to become an increasingly important component of landscape management in the coming years as countries work to halt the rate of biodiversity loss. The success of future restoration projects will depend equally on both achieving biological objectives and on producing conditions that meet public expectations. Yet we often know very little about either how the public perceives the purpose or goals of ecological restoration, or how restoration might fit into public expectations for landscape management. We surveyed a representative sample of the Norwegian population (n = 4,077) to determine how familiar the Norwegian public is with ecological restoration, to explore their perceptions of restoration's purposes and goals, and to assess their preferences for types of common Norwegian landscapes. Survey participants generally had little familiarity with ecological restoration, yet they had a greater tendency to view restoration's purpose as enhancing naturalness than as providing benefits for humans. Public attitudes regarding landscape management were reasonably balanced between preserving cultural landscapes and promoting natural landscapes free from traces of human activity. While participants gave agricultural landscapes the highest scores for desirability, the survey did not reveal any conspicuous variation in landscape preferences among the Norwegian public. Policymakers, land managers, and ecological restoration practitioners should use insights from studies such as ours to help identify which future projects are most likely to enjoy widespread support, and to tailor their communication with stakeholders.
Expediting climate‐smart soils management
Authors: Hou Deyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil represents the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial system, storing up to 5 times as much carbon as in the atmosphere. The number of annual publications pertaining to both soil and climate change has grown 18‐fold between 2001 and 2020, on average now accounting for 18.6% of all publications relating to climate change. Despite the significance of the soil system in combating climate change and a growing body of scientific knowledge, international negotiations, including COP26 that has just been held in Glasgow, UK, tend to overlook the role that soil must play in combating climate change. The importance of soil systems is multi‐faceted in a world of changing climate conditions. The most vulnerable population facing climate change tend to be smallholder farmers whose living depends on healthy and productive soil. Climate adaptation initiatives and financial assistance from developed countries to developing countries must put this as a high priority. On the other hand, soil renders high potential in carbon sequestration, and soil amendments like biochar are particularly promising as a carbon‐negative technology. However, the cost of producing biochar on a large scale must be significantly reduced in order to make it commercially viable. Soil also represents a significant source of greenhouse gases besides carbon dioxide. Technologies must be further developed to ensure food production and food security, while effectively reducing the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. We conclude that expediting sustainable and climate‐smart soil management is an imperative in mitigating and adapting to global climate change.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Teaching Matters
Authors: Schweiger Franziska 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the intersection of contingent faculty labor and institutional diversity on the student and faculty level of U.S. German Studies. Sara Ahmed's notion of “diversity as phenomenology” (2012, p. 173) provides a conceptual framework to show that active diversity work in the German classroom has a feedback effect and reveals how the contingentization of faculty labor undermines diversity on the student and faculty level. In three steps, the article draws on pertinent data to show how institutional superstructures become tangible through diversity work in the German classroom. Considering that German Studies continues to be the whitest world language in U.S. academia (Grawe, 2018; Hussar & Bailey, 2020; Murphy & Lee, 2019), the article proposes that German Studies ought to take a leading role in actively addressing the larger institutional structures that perpetuate white supremacy. It concludes with a proposal of four concrete steps for how German teachers and professional bodies can address systemic structures that exceed, yet directly impact German Studies.
A Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach to Instructional Design for L2 German: Connecting Language and Content
Authors: Kuhn‐Brown Kerstin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe creation of pedagogical activities in line with genre‐based approaches has substantially shaped world language curriculum design and instruction, as seen in Martin (2002a), Crane (2006), and Maxim (2004); however, an insignificant number of principled guidelines suggests exactly how to achieve these pedagogical goals (Kubota, 2016; Ryshina‐Pankova, 2016; Schleppegrell, 2019). To this end, this article demonstrates how a genre‐based textual analysis through the lens of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) serves as a useful methodology for advanced learners of German at the university level. It introduces a unique online venue for exploring the GDR and selects Karin Bloth's narrative Stark und ohnmächtig zugleich (2004) from this website to conduct an SFL‐informed analysis regarding its generic structure, interpersonal meanings, and participant voices. The findings about the narrator's inner conflict as well as the social functions of language are directly applied to specific suggestions for pedagogical activities. The article concludes with a discussion of the benefits and implications of this methodology as a tool for world language educators to support their analyses of culturally relevant materials in order to develop content‐ and language‐integrated pedagogical activities.
Influenza‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A report of two cases and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Onkarappa Mangala Yashvin , Sweeney Joseph D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is often preceded by a recent history of an acute infection and influenza is the most implicated virus.Materials and MethodsWe identified two cases of TTP, which were preceded by influenza between 2010 and 2021. In one patient, we epitope mapped the binding specificity of antibodies using an overlapping peptide approach of the stalk protein of Influenza B and the cysteine‐rich spacer domain (CRSD) of ADAMTS13. A literature search was performed for reports of influenza‐associated TTP over the period 1980–2021.ResultsTwo patients were identified in which TTP was preceded by influenza, one Influenza A and the other Influenza B. Epitope mapping of the latter's plasma identified target epitopes in both the stalk protein of Influenza B and CRSD of ADAMTS13. The literature review revealed only seven case reports, all but one from Europe or Asia and associated with Influenza A. Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency was demonstrated in only four cases.ConclusionWe report the first small case series of influenza‐associated TTP. Moreover, it is the first case implicating Influenza B and a mechanism favouring polyclonal B‐cell proliferation rather than molecular mimicry as the stimulus to form anti‐ADAMTS13 auto‐antibodies is suggested.
Comparative assessment of dithiothreitol‐treated ABO isoagglutinin titres performed by two methods
Authors: Pandey Prashant , Setya Divya , Ranjan Shweta , Singh Mukesh Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background and aimsTo determine actual concentration of clinically significant IgG antibodies, there is need to inactivate IgM antibodies. Aim of this study was to study effect of dithiothreitol (DTT) on ABO isoagglutinin titres performed by column agglutination technology (CAT) and conventional tube technique (CTT) and to compare results obtained by DTT treatment.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective, observational study conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. All consecutive A, B and O group donors were included. All samples were consecutively tested by CTT and CAT, before and after DTT treatment (pCTT, pCAT).ResultsA total of 300 donors were included, 100 each from group A, B and O. IgG titres were found to be more than IgM titres. For group O, IgG titre results were higher for both anti‐A and anti‐B compared with group A and B. Reduction in IgG titres was observed with DTT. With the use of DTT, one log reduction in group O IgG titres was observed and three log reduction in group A/B IgG titres was observed. When comparing anti‐A and anti‐B IgG results for group O individuals, results of CTT and pCAT were not found to be significant. IgG measurement of anti‐A and anti‐B of group O individuals showed strong to very strong correlation between CTT and CAT, before and after DTT treatment.ConclusionThere is significant difference between antibody titres estimated using DTT‐treated and DTT‐untreated plasma. Use of DTT for ABO isoagglutinin titre estimation is recommended.
Patient perceptions of allied health student communication and interpersonal skills: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tripodi Nicholas , Cossar Sarah , Davidson Jessica , Farmer Ryan , Gorbonos Jessica , McDonald Amelia , Pierlot Melanie 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Effective patient–practitioner communication contributes to patient health outcomes by strengthening therapeutic relationships and, in the process, contributing to overall quality of patient care. Despite the growth of student-led university teaching clinics, little research has investigated communication skills within this context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the patient-perceived levels of communication and interpersonal skills within a student-led allied health clinic.Methods: The Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) was used to collect cross-sectional data on patients’ perceptions of student communication and interpersonal skills within an osteopathy teaching clinic. Data were analysed via descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: According to the CAT, patients perceived the students’ communication and interpersonal skills to be “excellent” overall (97.2%). No significant differences were found between percentage of “excellent” responses and gender (p = .600), number of consultations (p = .374) or pain duration (p = .741).Conclusions: Patients in this setting perceive student communication and interpersonal skills to be of a high standard. This can contribute positively to the patient–practitioner therapeutic alliance and may improve overall health outcomes. These findings have implications for communication training within student-led health professions clinics and tertiary curricula more broadly.
Near-peer teaching in paramedicine education: A cross-sectional study of student experiences
Authors: Whitfield Steve 
Published: November 2021

Near-peer teaching (NPT) has been identified as a contemporary and valued pedagogical approach in higher education health programs, and it has recently gained momentum in paramedicine education. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceived experience of student paramedics involved in a near-peer teaching program over two academic trimesters. A cross-sectional study design was utilised in the form of an online questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a variety of questions that related to the experience of student paramedics involved in paramedicine near-peer programs. Of the 65 students enrolled, 34 completed the questionnaire (52.3% response rate). The results indicated that NPT was overwhelmingly considered a valuable and positive pedagogical method for use in paramedicine education.
Assessing the relationship between student learning characteristics and academic performance in chemical pathology in an undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Khine Wamono Aye Aye , Adefuye Anthonio Oladele , Busari Jamiu 
Published: November 2021

Background: Teaching and learning chemical pathology requires that medical trainees interpret biochemical test results correctly (against the background of clinical information) to solve clinical problems, while being aware of factors that could affect results. To meet these competencies, students must possess certain learning characteristics. This study explored the relationship between student learning characteristics and academic performance in chemical pathology. It is expected that a better understanding of the relationship between students' learning characteristics and academic performance will help formulate strategies to enhance teaching and learning of this subject. Methods: This study was designed as an exploratory survey. Self-administered, validated questionnaires were used to obtain data on learning mode, learning style and learning approach from 250 fourth-year undergraduate medical students at a medical university in South Africa. One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlations were used to analyse the relationship between each learning characteristic and academic performance. Spearman’s rho was used to study the relationships between the three learning characteristics. Results: A response rate of 72% was obtained. The largest number of participants (35%; n = 63) were visual learners, pragmatists (25%; n = 45) and learned using a superficial approach (44%; n = 79). Multimodal learning mode, balanced learning style and deep learning approach were found to correlate significantly with better academic performance in chemical pathology (r = 0.262, 0.307 and 0.467, respectively; p ≤ 0.0001).Conclusions: Our findings reveal that multimodal learners with a balanced learning style who have a deep approach to learning performed well in chemical pathology. This concurs with findings by studies that report a positive association between these learning characteristics and academic performance in other subjects in medicine. We propose that to achieve effective student learning, chemical pathology educators explore alternative teaching and learning activities to move students towards these positive learning characteristics.
Conditions for the Violation of Concentrational Homogeneity of Fe–Ni Invar Alloys
Authors: Sagaradze V. V. , Kataeva N. V. , Zavalishin V. A. , Shabashov V. A. , Kozlov K. A. , Klyukina M. F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conditions for the formation of microconcentration inhomogeneities in Fe–Ni alloys, which can decrease their invar characteristics, are determined. The nickel separation can be reached in the course of short-term annealing as a result of deformation-induced nickel segregation, nickel redistribution between martensite and austenite and between ferrite and austenite as well.
Comparison of the Methods for Determining Pyrogenically Modified Carbon Compounds
Authors: Dymov A. A. , Startsev V. V. , Gorbach N. M. , Pausova I. N. , Gabov D. N. , Donnerhack O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The soil organic matter (SOM) is searched for the biomarkers and specific features associated with the effect of wildfires by the case study of peat soil, Rheic Hemic Histosol (Lignic), in the south of the middle taiga of the Komi Republic. It is shown that fires considerably influence the peat organic matter. Pyrogenic activity is assessed according to the content of charcoal particles. SOM is examined using solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs). The used methods allow for diagnosing the effects of wildfires on the SOM composition. In the horizons with the signs of pyrogenesis, the share of carbon represented by aromatic fragments increases as well as the PAH concentration, mainly at the expense of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and chrysene. The carbon stock of pyrogenically modified compounds, amounting to 4.4 kg/m2, is for the first time assessed in the European north based on the BPCA content. The characteristics of pyrogenically changed organic compounds and their fragments obtained by different methods correlate well: the Pearson coefficient for the correlation of the carbon content in aromatic compounds (Caryl) with total BPCA content is R = 0.84 (p < 0.05) and with individual BPCAs, R = 0.81–0.90 (p < 0.05).