bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGR1 promoted anticancer effects of Scutellarin via regulating LINC00857/miR‐150‐5p/c‐Myc in osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Jian , Wang Peng , Xia Xin , Zhang Li , Zhang He , Huang Yu , Li Xiaodong , Zhao Wenzhi , Zhang Lu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScutellarin, an active flavone extracted from Erigeron breviscapus, is known to exhibit antitumour activity in many cancers. However, the effects of Scutellarin on osteosarcoma remain unclear. In this study, we found that Scutellarin suppressed osteosarcoma cell growth, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, our data revealed that EGR1 was significantly increased under Scutellarin treatment. Increased EGR1 enhanced tumour‐suppressive effects of Scutellarin on osteosarcoma cells via transcriptionally downregulating LINC00857 expression. Additionally, we found that LINC00857 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR‐150‐5p and inhibited the activity of miR‐150‐5p, which resulted in c‐Myc increase. Scutellarin could suppress c‐Myc protein levels through decreasing LINC00857 expression in osteosarcoma. Thus, these findings demonstrate that EGR1/ LINC00857/miR‐150‐5p/c‐Myc axis plays a key role in promoting anticancer effects of Scutellarin and Scutellarin might have potential clinical implication in osteosarcoma clinical treatment.
A genome‐wide survey ofNOD‐like receptors in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis): Identification, characterization and expression analysis in response to bacterial infection
Authors: Chen Zhangfan , Xu Xiwen , Wang Jie , Zhou Qian , Chen Songlin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine‐rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs, NOD‐like receptors) are involved in innate immune responses in vertebrates. However, there is no systemic study on NLRs in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), a popular maricultured fish in China. In the present study, a genome‐wide survey of NLRs was performed inC. semilaevis, with the identification of 29 NLRs, including five genes from the NLR‐A subfamily (referred to asCsNOD1‐5), two genes from the NLR‐B subfamily, 18 genes from the NLR‐C subfamily (referred to asCsNLR‐C1to18) and four other NLR genes. Phylogenetic analysis implied that CsNOD1‐5 contained conserved functional domains and had orthologous relationships with human NOD1‐5. Moreover,CsNLR‐Cgenes all possessed the FISHNA domain, which is a fish‐specific NACHT subdomain. Expression analysis showed thatCsNOD1‐5andCsNLR‐C1/2were ubiquitously expressed in various normal tissues. Bacterial infection withVibro harveyirevealed distinct expression patterns of all the testedCsNLRs in gill, intestine, trunk kidney, liver and spleen. In particular,CsNOD1‐4andCsNLR‐C2were significantly upregulated in gills at 48 h post bacterial infection. In addition,CsNOD3andCsNOD4were significantly elevated in infectious intestine, trunk kidney, liver and spleen, revealing that their expressions were more sensitive to bacterial infection than otherCsNLRs. Together with the computational protein–protein interaction network of CsNLRs, it was suggested that individual NLR genes had different roles in the innate immune cascades ofC. semilaeviagainst bacterial infection. This study provides valuable information for further studies onCsNLRimmune function.
Examination of factors affecting oral health in patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Kılıç Akça Nazan , Efe Arslan Dilek , İn Harun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients receiving haemodialysis suffer from oral problems, pain, deteriorated nutrition, and decreased self‐confidence and quality of life. Nurses have a critical role in the evaluation and care of oral health.ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate the associations between socio‐demographic characteristics, medication use, and biochemical blood levels and oral health in adult patients receiving haemodialysis treatment.DesignThis study was conducted as a descriptive study.ParticipantsThe sample study was made up of one hundred and fifty individuals treated with haemodialysis between March and June 2018.MeasurementsPatient diagnosis and Bedside Oral Exam guide was the tool used to examine oral health.ResultsIt was seen that patients' oral health worsened as the number of dental caries increased. It was found that low level of education, those with nonregular oral care and brushing teeth, those using parathyroid hormone‐lowering agents and who stated they complied with the drug and diet therapy had higher mean Bedside Oral Exam guide scores, meaning their oral health was statistically significantly worse (p < 0.05). Bedside Oral Exam guide scores were weakly negatively correlated with predialysis serum potassium levels (r = −0.213; p = 0.009), weakly positively correlated with the daily fluid amount consumed (r = −0.185; p = 0.024), and decayed teeth (r = −0.224; p = 0.006).ConclusionsUse of parathyroid hormone‐lowering agents, low level of education, insufficient oral care, decayed teeth, compliance with diet and medication, daily liquid consumption, and low potassium levels could lead to an increased severity of poor oral health in patients receiving haemodialysis. Oral and dental health protocols should be developed for all haemodialysis units.
Molecular and functional insights into glutathione S‐transferase genes associated with salt stress in Halothece sp. PCC7418
Authors: Kortheerakul Chananwat , Kageyama Hakuto , Waditee‐Sirisattha Rungaroon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvolution and function of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in primordial oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria are poorly understood. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the GST gene family in the halotolerant cyanobacterium Halothece sp. PCC7418. Four putative Halothece‐GSTs had very low homology, which implies evolutionary divergence. Of these, H0647, H0729 and H3557 were differentially expressed by oxidative stress whereas H3557 was highly and specifically upregulated under salt stress. In vitro analysis revealed that the recombinant H3557 exhibited GST activity toward 1‐chloro‐2, 4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH). H3557 displayed a broad range of activity at pH 6.5–10.5. Kinetic parameters showed the apparent Km for CDNB and GSH was 0.14 and 0.75 mM, respectively. H3557 remained catalytically active in the presence of NaCl. Structural modelling supported that H3557 is salt‐adaptive enzyme with highly acidic residues on the protein surface. The vital function of H3557 in heterologous expression system was evaluated. The H3557‐expressing cells were more tolerant to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress compared with other GST‐expressing cells and conferred salt tolerance. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into the molecular and cellular functions of GST in cyanobacteria, particularly under salt stress, which is less understood compared with other species.
Narrative strategies in a nondemocratic setting: Moscow’s urban policy debates
Authors: Schlaufer Caroline , Gafurova Dilyara , Zhiryakova Ekaterina , Shikhova Marina , Belyaeva Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) explains the role of narratives in policy processes. The NPF was developed for democratic contexts and has not been systematically applied in a nondemocratic setting. This study fills this gap with an empirical analysis of narrative strategies used by governmental and oppositional actors in urban policy debates in Moscow. Results show how governmental actors consistently use angel shifts, contain issues, and avoid using causal mechanisms, while actors opposing governmental policy use devil shifts, expand issues, and use intentional causal mechanisms. The findings suggest that narrative strategies differ depending on whether policy actors seek to promote policy reforms or draw attention to problems. We argue that policy actors’ objectives are a well‐suited predictor for narrative strategies in both democratic and nondemocratic contexts.
Neuroendocrine‐immune regulation mechanism in crustaceans: A review
Authors: Tong Ruixue , Pan Luqing , Zhang Xin , Li Yufen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of aquaculture is closely related to human life. Crustaceans play essential roles in aquaculture. However, the cultivation of crustaceans has been plagued by various diseases, causing substantial economic losses. At present, the occurrence of shrimp diseases is directly related to environmental stress and physiological dysfunction, and especially environmental stress has become an important factor inducing diseases. Therefore, how to regulate the immune defence of crustaceans under environmental stress has become the primary problem in the prevention and control of shrimp diseases. The neuroendocrine‐immune system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and enhancing environmental adaptability. Besides, in the evolutionary sense, with the theory that the nervous system and the immune system have a common origin put forward, the research on the neuroendocrine‐immune system of invertebrates has gradually become a hot spot. This review describes the evolution and communication mechanism of the neuroendocrine system and immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates, summarizes the characteristics of the neuroendocrine system and immune system in crustaceans, and focuses on how environmental stress affects the regulation of the neuroendocrine system on the immune system in crustaceans, as well as the influence of these regulations on host immune defence. This review also introduced the immune regulation of crustacean intestines under environmental stress and the effect of pathogen stress on crustacean immunity, hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow‐up study of crustacean stress resistance and provide theoretical guidance for the healthy aquaculture of crustaceans.
Moral realism, quasi‐realism and moral steadfastness
Authors: Chamberlain James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSome moral propositions are so obviously true that we refuse to doubt them, even where we believe that many people disagree. Following Fritz and McPherson, I call our behaviour in such cases ‘moral steadfastness’. In this paper, I argue for two metaethical implications of moral steadfastness. I first argue that morally steadfast behaviour is sufficiently prevalent to present an important challenge for some prominent analogies between moral epistemology and non‐moral forms of epistemology. These analogies are often pressed by moral realists. I then argue that moral quasi‐realism, unlike realism, can explain and vindicate our presumption that moral steadfastness is frequently rational. On the assumption that we frequently act as it is rational to act, quasi‐realism is therefore well placed to explain why we are so frequently morally steadfast. I conclude that this is an important respect in which quasi‐realism is explanatorily preferable to realism.
Motion as an Accident of Matter: Margaret Cavendish and Thomas Hobbes on Motion and Rest
Authors: Adams Marcus P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMargaret Cavendish is widely known as a materialist. However, since Cavendishian matter is always in motion, “matter” and “motion” are equally important foundational concepts for her natural philosophy. InPhilosophical Letters(1664), she takes to task her materialist rival Thomas Hobbes by assaulting his account of accidents in general and his concept of “rest” in particular. In this article, I argue that Cavendish defends her continuous‐motion view in two ways: first, she claims that her account avoids seeing accidents as capable of generation and annihilation, which she argues is inconceivable; and second, she contends that according to Hobbes’s own view “rest” is an absurd conception since it cannot be drawn from experience. Beyond its function as a defense, I claim that Cavendish’s focused criticism of “rest” shows that she is a perceptive reader of Hobbes’s natural philosophy, insofar as her criticisms undercut the two a priori principles of Hobbesian physics. Finally, I show how her views developed in more detail inPhilosophical and Physical Opinions(1663) andObservations upon Experimental Philosophy([1666] 2001) avoid the worries she raises for Hobbesian materialism.
Surgical treatment of uterine neoplasia in 13 production size pigs with a comparison to pot‐bellied pigs
Authors: McOnie Rebecca C. , Noel Aliyyah M. , Fubini Susan L. , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to describe the clinical management and surgical treatment of production size pigs (PrdP) with uterine neoplasia. A secondary objective was to compare tumor diagnoses as well as short‐ and long‐term survival between PrdP and a published report of pot‐bellied pigs (PBP) following surgical intervention.Study designRetrospective clinical study.Animals or sample populationClient‐owned PrdP (n = 13) treated with exploratory celiotomy ±ovariohysterectomy for uterine neoplasia.MethodsMedical records from a university hospital were reviewed for historical treatment, presenting complaint, clinical signs, diagnostics, surgical intervention, pathology, and outcome. An online owner survey was performed for follow‐up. The novel PrdP cohort was compared to a previously published PBP cohort for differences in tumor diagnoses, surgical complications, and survival. Descriptive statistics, Fischer's exact tests and odds ratios were reported.ResultsPrdP were affected by uterine leiomyoma (4/11), leiomyosarcoma (2/11), adenoma (1/11), adenocarcinoma (3/11), and carcinosarcoma (1/11) with no difference in tumor types between PrdP and PBP. PrdP surviving to hospital discharge (6/13) survived at least 1 year postoperatively, with median follow‐up of 16 months (14‐60 months). PrdP were less likely than PBP to survive in the short‐term despite similar frequencies of marked intraoperative hemorrhage. PrdP and PBP had comparable rates of long‐term survival following hospital discharge.ConclusionPrdP are afflicted by similar uterine neoplasia diagnoses as PBP, but they have lower rates of short‐term survival to hospital discharge with surgical treatment.Clinical significance/impactPrdP have a guarded prognosis for survival to hospital discharge when operated for uterine neoplasia.
RESISTANCE TO NARRATIVES OF THE COVID‐19 PANDEMIC AS AN ACT OF GOD
Authors: Kamwendo Zara Thokozani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the views of 12 bishops of the Church of England in understanding the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of divine action. The most consistently mentioned unhelpful narratives hinge on an understanding of the pandemic as an act of God. Although there are several possible contextual explanations for this resistance to understand the pandemic as divine action, an analysis of the data shows that it is grounded in a desire to maintain (1) a space for the pandemic, the suffering, and the virus that caused it to be understood as part of creation and (2) focus on human agency and responsibility as the appropriate response to the pandemic. I argue that the strong resistance among the bishops interviewed to a narrative of divine punishment in particular is ultimately grounded in a desire to disable the blunt but effective tool of making moral judgments in the name of divine authority that regularly follow in the wake of global disasters.
Real-Time Reliability Assessment of Wind Turbine Components Using a Back-Propagation Neural Network and SCADA Data
Authors: Du Shenglei , Guo Jingmei , Yi Lin , Zhang Chen , Liu Shi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The high cost of operation and maintenance (O&M) management has become an important factor hindering the sustainable development of the wind power industry. Performing accurate condition assessment of wind turbine components to optimize the structural design and O&M strategy has become a research trend. However, the random and varying operating conditions of wind turbines make this problem difficult and challenging. A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system collects signals that contain a large amount of raw and useful information from critical wind turbine sub-assemblies. Extracting key information from the SCADA data is an economical and effective way for condition assessment. A real-time reliability assessment method of wind turbine components using a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and SCADA data is presented in this paper. The normal behavior models are established with the processed SCADA data, and the real-time reliability of wind turbine components are assessed based on the prediction result. For verification, the BPNN-based reliability assessment method is applied to a gearbox with real SCADA data of a 1.5MW onshore wind turbine located along the southeast coast of China. The results show the capability of the proposed model in assessing the reliability of wind turbine components continuously and in real time.
Optimization of Ultra-High Aspect Ratio Nanostructures Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition
Authors: Qu Chuang , Alphenaar Bruce , McNamara Shamus , Walsh Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the optimization for obtaining ultra-high aspect ratio nanostructures by GLancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). GLAD is a bottom-up, physical deposition process for creating nanometer-level features by shadows cast by seeds on the substrate at high incident angles. Based on the seeds used, GLAD can be categorized into two types: GLAD with natural seeds and pre-defined seeds (pre-seeds). When natural seeds are used, the seeds are randomly distributed with sub-100 nm feature sizes, and the percent coverage of the substrate is determined simply by the incident angle of the vapor. When the pre-seeds are used, the features can be redistributed and regrouped to generate new periodic nanostructures. This paper discusses how to obtain ultra-high aspect ratio nanopillars from natural seeds and nanoribbons from pre-defined line seeds by GLAD. In the discussion on GLAD with natural seeds, a study on the dependence of the aspect ratio on the incident angle is provided; resolvable nanopillars are obtained with aspect ratio over 1:20, and the growth mechanism is proposed for pillars with high deposition angles. Next, line seeds used in the GLAD process for creating high aspect ratio nanoribbons are discussed. Proper design and process parameters are discussed for controlling the morphologies of the nanoribbons. The ultra-high aspect ratio nanostructures are potentially used for applications including sensing, surface property alteration, and the creation of nanoporous structures.
Friction Stir Diffusion Bonding of Magnesium Alloy ZK 60 to Steel
Authors: Al-Badour Fadi , Alghamdi Abdulrahman , Adesina Akeem Y. , Suleiman Rami K. , Merah Neçar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Friction stir diffusion bonding (FSDB); a derived process from friction stir lap welding, was used in this investigation to produce a solid-state lap joint between magnesium alloy ZK 60-T5 and steel ASTM A 516-70. In FSDB, a conventional friction stir welding tool was used where the tool pin did not penetrate the substrate. The developed heat due to friction and forging forces exerted by the tool facilitated the diffusion process between the lapped sheets. In this work, the effects of process conditions on fabricated joints strength and microstructural changes were studied. The design of the experiment was developed based on Taguchi L9 to study four variables; i.e. tool rotational, and welding speeds, tool pin length, and tool tilt angle, with three levels at each parameter. The developed matrix was ranked based on the impact of an individual parameter on heat input, i.e low, intermediate, and high. Tensile-shear tests were performed to study the fabricated joints’ strength. The microstructure of the developed interface between the magnesium alloy and steel was analyzed with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. At optimum conditions, tensile failure was found to occur in magnesium alloy; within the nugget zone, with a noticeable drop in the tensile strength as compared to the base (unprocessed) alloy.
Reaction-Diffusion Modeling of Photopolymerization During Femtosecond Projection Two-Photon Lithography
Authors: Pingali Rushil , Saha Sourabh K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a polymerization-based direct laser writing process that is capable of fabricating arbitrarily complex three-dimensional (3D) structures with submicron features. Traditional TPL techniques have limited scalability due to the slow point-by-point serial writing scheme. The femtosecond projection TPL (FP-TPL) technique increases printing rate by a thousand times by enabling layer-by-layer parallelization. However, parallelization alters the time and the length scales of the underlying polymerization process. It is therefore challenging to apply the models of serial TPL to accurately predict process outcome during FP-TPL. To solve this problem, we have generated a finite element model of the polymerization process on the time and length scales relevant to FP-TPL. The model is based on the reaction-diffusion mechanism that underlies polymerization. We have applied this model to predict the geometry of nanowires printed under a variety of conditions and compared these predictions against empirical data. Our model accurately predicts the nanowire widths. However, accuracy of aspect ratio prediction is hindered by uncertain values of the chemical properties of the photopolymer. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that the reaction-diffusion model can accurately capture the effect of controllable parameters on FP-TPL process outcome and can therefore be used for process control and optimization.
A Dynamic Programming Approach to Solve the Facility Layout Problem for Reconfigurable Manufacturing
Authors: Salimpour Saeideh , Azab Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Preparing manufacturing systems to deal with disruptions caused by unexpected factors such as COVID-19 is critical to remain in today’s competitive market. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) which are characterized by being rapid and cost-effective in response to market changes, are a good alternative to cope with such unexpected events. From the layout point of view, in an RMS, the layout of facilities needs to be changeable and able to be redesigned easily. Dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) is a good approach to develop layouts that are capable to be changed and redesigned. Dynamic programming (DP) has been known as one of the effective methods to deal with DFLP. To optimize DFLP by DP, the set of possible layouts for every single period which is called the state-space is given to DP and the best multi-period layout is found. Since the number of possible layouts increases rapidly with the increase in the number of facilities, considering all these layouts encounters two major difficulties, memory requirements and computer time requirements. This paper proposes a method that has two main phases. In the first phase, the set of layouts to be considered in each period are determined using a heuristic approach. These layouts are the states in the DP approach where the periods constituted the decomposition stages. The recursive formulation of DP is solved in the second phase using a hybridized metaheuristic approach. The proposed approach restricts the DP to a good subset of the state-space. A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the best subset of layouts where each chromosome represents one subset of layouts. This subset is given to DP to be solved and the result is considered as the fitness of the chromosome. By the evolution of the chromosomes, the best subset of layouts that leads to the best multi-period layout plan is found. The proposed approach is evaluated against DP benchmarks in the literature. Computational results show that the proposed approach is able to provide more efficient solutions, especially for large-sized problems.