bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient complete heart block: a case report of a rare complication of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Kalathiya Rohan J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Right-sided tricuspid valve (TV) endocarditis can be difficult to identify and may be under-recognized in the absence of traditional risk factors. While generally identified with aortic valve pathology, infective endocarditis that extends beyond the leaflets of the TV have been reported to cause conduction disease.

Case summary
We present the case of a 63-year-old patient who presented with haemodynamically unstable complete heart block requiring temporary venous pacemaker support. Despite the absence of traditional risk factors or significant valvular disease on transthoracic echocardiogram, she was found to be persistently bacteraemic and subsequent transoesophageal echocardiogram identified large vegetation on the septal leaflet of the TV. Conduction disease was noted to reverse with antibiotic therapy and resolution of bacteraemia.

Discussion
Although rare, right-sided endocarditis involving the triangle of Koch may present with conduction disease due to local inflammation and mechanical compression. Conduction disease associated with right-sided disease appears to be readily reversible with medical therapy and temporary device support may be appropriate in the acute setting.
The Bnapus50K array: a quick and versatile genotyping tool for Brassica napus genomic breeding and research
Authors: Xiao Qing , Wang Huadong , Song Nuan , Yu Zewen , Imran Khan , Xie Weibo , Qiu Shuqing , Zhou Fasong , Wen Jing , Dai Cheng , Ma Chaozhi , Tu Jinxing , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Yi Bin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rapeseed is a globally cultivated commercial crop, primarily grown for its oil. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used as a standard genotyping tool for rapeseed research, including for gene mapping, genome-wide association studies, germplasm resource analysis, and cluster analysis. Although considerable rapeseed genome sequencing data have been released, DNA arrays are still an attractive choice for providing additional genetic data in an era of high-throughput whole-genome sequencing. Here, we integrated re-sequencing DNA array data (32,216, 304 SNPs) from 505 inbred rapeseed lines, allowing us to develop a sensitive and efficient genotyping DNA array, Bnapus50K, with a more consistent genetic and physical distribution of probes. A total of 42,090 high-quality probes were filtered and synthesized, with an average distance between adjacent SNPs of 8 kb. To improve the practical application potential of this array in rapeseed breeding, we also added 1,618 functional probes related to important agronomic traits such as oil content, disease resistance, male sterility, and flowering time. The additional probes also included those specifically for detecting genetically modified material. These probes show a good detection efficiency and are therefore useful for gene mapping, along with crop variety improvement and identification. The novel Bnapus50K DNA array developed in this study could prove to be a quick and versatile genotyping tool for B. napus genomic breeding and research.
On Spectra and Spectral Measures of Schreier and Cayley Graphs
Authors: Grigorchuk Rostislav , Nagnibeda Tatiana , Pérez Aitor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We are interested in various aspects of spectral rigidity of Cayley and Schreier graphs of finitely generated groups. For each pair of integers $d\geq 2$ and $m \ge 1$, we consider an uncountable family of groups of automorphisms of the rooted $d$-regular tree, which provide examples of the following interesting phenomena. For $d=2$ and any $m\geq 2$, we get an uncountable family of non-quasi-isometric Cayley graphs with the same Laplacian spectrum, a union of two intervals, which we compute explicitly. Some of the groups provide examples where the spectrum of the Cayley graph is connected for one generating set and has a gap for another. For each $d\geq 3, m\geq 1$, we exhibit infinite Schreier graphs of these groups with the spectrum a Cantor set of Lebesgue measure zero union a countable set of isolated points accumulating on it. The Kesten spectral measures of the Laplacian on these Schreier graphs are discrete and concentrated on the isolated points. We construct, moreover, a complete system of eigenfunctions that are strongly localized.
Term Limits and Environmental Treaty Commitments
Authors: DiLorenzo Matthew , Stone Talor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow does political accountability in democracies affect leaders’ incentives for international cooperation? We consider how term limits should affect international environmental agreement (IEA) participation. Pursuing environmental protection as a public good coincides with the political survival incentives of democratic leaders. Term limits decouple leaders’ policy priorities from their political survival incentives, discouraging IEA participation. However, prioritization of environmental concerns increases with economic development. As such, the effect of term limits on IEA participation should be strongest in rich democracies. We test these arguments using data from the International Environmental Agreements Database from 1970 to 2011. Democratic leaders, particularly in rich democracies, sign fewer IEAs when freed from the reelection motive. We also consider the potential that term limits could favor IEA participation if doing so aligns with a leader's preferences. This potential should be greatest in poor democracies where citizens place less emphasis on environmental protection, though we find little evidence for this expectation. The findings have important implications for understanding the determinants of IEA participation and the political accountability–international cooperation relationship. Whereas some argue that electoral incentives that cause leaders to favor present over future concerns undermine environmental cooperation, our results suggest that political accountability in democracies can promote treaty participation.
Study on Sialic Acid Binding State in Stewed Bird's Nest and Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction of Free and Oligosaccharide-Bound Sialic Acid
Authors: Dai Yuwei , Cao Jie , Zhang Yu , He Feng , Jiang Lin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
As a traditional Chinese health food, edible bird's nest (EBN) has high medicinal value, which is mostly attributed to the high content of sialic acid (SA). SA mainly exists in protein-bound, oligosaccharide-bound, and free forms and the binding forms of SA are closely related to the functions of EBN.

Objective
To establish a simple but robust method to distinguish and determinate the free and oligosaccharide-bound SA content and the protein-bound SA content, and investigate the changes to SA binding states in EBN during different processing.

Methods
Protein-bound SA in EBN was separated from other forms of SA by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and SA content was determined by HPLC. The effects of stewing conditions on the distribution of SA in EBN were investigated and response surface methodology was used to explore the optimal conditions for enzymatic extraction of free and oligosaccharide-bound SA from EBN.

Results
The average recoveries of free and oligosaccharide-bound SA and protein-bound SA were 97.82–98.92% and 94.67–95.75%, respectively. The content of free and oligosaccharide-bound SA in stewed EBN was proportional to the stewing temperature, stewing time, and liquid to material ratio, while that of protein-bound SA was inversely proportional to those factors. Through response surface analysis, we found that the optimum technological parameters were as follows: liquid to material ratio, 60:1; enzymolysis time, 2 h; enzyme dosage; 12 000 U/g (alkaline protease); pH, 11; enzymolysis temperature, 60°C.

Conclusion
This method can not only distinguish between free and oligosaccharide-bound SA and protein-bound SA effectively, but can also determine the contents of them. The results of the investigation on stewing conditions and response surface analysis can be used as the theoretical basis for further pharmacological research of EBN, and can also provide theoretical guidance for the development of EBN products.

Highlights
A method for the determination of free and oligosaccharide-bound SA and protein-bound SA in EBN by HPLC was established, and the extraction process of free and oligosaccharide-bound SA was optimized.
Pure Radial Scars Do Not Require Surgical Excision When Concordant and Benign at Image-guided Breast Biopsy
Authors: Piraner Maria , D’Amico Kelly , Gilliland Lawrence L , Newell Mary S , Cohen Michael A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the best management option (surgical excision versus imaging surveillance) following the diagnosis of pure radial scars (RSs) and RSs with associated additional high-risk lesions (HRLs) encountered on percutaneous core-needle breast biopsy.

Methods
An IRB–approved retrospective review of the breast imaging reporting system database was performed to identify all cases of pure RS alone or RS plus an additional HRL (papilloma, atypia, lobular neoplasia) diagnosed on core-needle biopsy, from 2007 to 2016, at four breast centers in our institution. Cases with associated malignancy, discordant radiologic-pathologic results, or those lost to follow-up were excluded. The remaining cases were evaluated to determine results of either subsequent surgical excision or long-term follow-up imaging (minimum of two years). Additional data recorded included clinical presentation, breast density, personal and family history of breast cancer, lesion imaging characteristics, and biopsy method.

Results
The study cohort included 111 patients with 111 lesions: 56.8% (63/111) with RS alone (pure) and 43.2% (48/111) with RS plus additional HRL(s). Out of the 63 radiologic-pathologic concordant pure RSs, there were no upgrades to malignancy in 51 subsequent surgical excisions or 12 long-term surveillance cases (0/63, 0%). Out of the 48 RSs plus additional HRL(s), there were 2 upgrades to malignancy (2/48, 4.2%).

Conclusion
Cases of radiologic-pathologic concordant pure RS diagnosed at core-needle biopsy do not require surgical excision. On the other hand, surgical excision should be considered for RS plus additional HRLs diagnosed at core-needle biopsy.
BI-RADS 3 on Screening Breast Ultrasound: What Is It and What Is the Appropriate Management?
Authors: Berg Wendie A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
US is widely used in breast imaging for diagnostic purposes and is also used increasingly for supplemental screening in women with dense breasts. US frequently depicts masses that are occult on mammography, even after tomosynthesis, and the vast majority of such masses are benign. Many masses seen only on screening US are easily recognized as benign simple cysts. Probably benign, BI-RADS 3, or low suspicion, BI-RADS 4A masses are also common and often prompt short-interval follow-up or biopsy, respectively, yet the vast majority of these are benign. This review details appropriate characterization, classification, and new approaches to the management of probably benign masses seen on screening US that can reduce false positives and, thereby, reduce costs and patient anxiety.
Crohn’s and Colitis Canada’s 2021 Impact of COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: COVID-19 Vaccines—Biology, Current Evidence and Recommendations
Authors: Murthy Sanjay K , Kuenzig M Ellen , Windsor Joseph W , Ghia Jean-Eric , Griffiths Anne M , Panaccione Remo , Seow Cynthia H , Benchimol Eric I , Bernstein Charles N , Bitton Alain , Huang James Guoxian , Jones Jennifer L , Lee Kate , Kaplan Gilaad G , Mukhtar Mariam S , Tandon Parul , Targownik Laura E , Gibson Deanna L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered a globally focused vaccine development program that produced multiple successful vaccines within a year. Four SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved for use in Canada, using two different technologies, all of which have shown excellent efficacy in reducing the rate of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and 100% efficacy in preventing death from COVID-19. People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), like many others with immune-mediated chronic diseases, were excluded from the pivotal trials of these vaccines, leading to early hesitancy by regulatory bodies to endorse administering the vaccines to these groups. However, recent data has shown that the adverse event rate to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among people with IBD is similar to the general population. Early data has further shown that people with IBD are capable of mounting a robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, particularly following a second dose, whereas the response to the first dose is blunted in those receiving anti-TNF therapy or conventional immunosuppressants (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate). Based on these data and evidence from previous vaccine programs among people with IBD, multiple national and international expert panels have recommended that individuals with IBD receive complete vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 as soon as possible.
Basic and applied research on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance of actinomycetes: an old-timer's recollection
Authors: Hotta Kunimoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA list of our research achievements on multiple aminoglycoside antibiotic (AG) resistance in AG-producing actinomycetes is outlined. In 1979, the author discovered a novel AG (istamycin)-producing Streptomyces tenjimariensis SS-939 by screening actinomycetes with kanamycin (KM)-resistance and plasmid profiles. This discovery directed our biochemical and genetic approaches to multiple AG resistance (AGR) of AG producers. In this article, the following discoveries will be outlined: (1) AGR profiles correlating with the productivity of AGs in AG-producers, (2) Wide distribution of multiple AG resistance in AG-nonproducing actinomycetes, (3) Involvement of ribosomal resistance and AG-acetylating enzymes as underlying AGR factors, (4) Activation by single nucleotide substitution of a silent gene coding for aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase, AAC(3), in S. griseus, (5) Discovery of a novel antibiotic indolizomycin through protoplast fusion treatment between S. tenjimariensis and S. griseus strains with different AGR phenotypes, and (6) Double stage-acting activity of arbekacin (ABK; an anti-MRSA semisynthetic AG) discovered by acetylation of ABK with cloned AACs; that is both ABK and its acetylated derivatives showed remarkable antibiotic activities.
Confirmation of GmPPR576 as a fertility restorer gene of cytoplasmic male sterility in soybean
Authors: Wang Tanliu , He Tingting , Ding Xianlong , Zhang Qiqi , Yang Longshu , Nie Zhixing , Zhao Tuanjie , Gai Junyi , Yang Shouping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In soybean, heterosis achieved through the three-line system has been gradually applied in breeding to increase yield, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. We conducted a genetic analysis using the pollen fertility of offspring of the cross NJCMS1A×NJCMS1C. All the pollen of F1 plants was semi-sterile; in F2, the ratio of pollen-fertile plants to pollen-semi-sterile plants was 208:189. This result indicates that NJCMS1A is gametophyte sterile, and the fertility restoration of NJCMS1C to NJCMS1A is a quality trait controlled by a single gene locus. Using bulked segregant analysis, the fertility restorer gene Rf in NJCMS1C was located on chromosome 16 between the markers BARCSOYSSR_16_1067 and BARCSOYSSR_16_1078. Sequence analysis of genes in that region showed that GmPPR576 was non-functional in rf cultivars. GmPPR576 has one functional allele in Rf cultivars but three non-functional alleles in rf cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GmPPR576 locus evolved rapidly with the presence of male-sterile cytoplasm. GmPPR576 belongs to the RFL fertility restorer gene family and is targeted to the mitochondria. GmPPR576 was knocked out in soybean N8855 using CRISPR/Cas9. The T1 plants showed sterile pollen, and T2 plants produced few pods at maturity. The results indicate that GmPPR576 is the fertility restorer gene of NJCMS1A.
Multi-epoch searches for relativistic binary pulsars and fast transients in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Eatough R P , Torne P , Desvignes G , Kramer M , Karuppusamy R , Klein B , Spitler L G , Lee K J , Champion D J , Liu K , Wharton R S , Rezzolla L , Falcke H 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The high stellar density in the central parsecs around the Galactic Centre makes it a seemingly favourable environment for finding relativistic binary pulsars. These include pulsars orbiting other neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, or the central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. Here, we present multi-epoch pulsar searches of the Galactic Centre at four observing frequencies, $4.85,\, 8.35,\, 14.6,\, 18.95\, {\rm GHz}$, using the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope. Observations were conducted 1 yr prior to the discovery of, and during monitoring observations of, the Galactic Centre magnetar PSR J1745−2900. Our data analysis features acceleration searches on progressively shorter time series to maintain sensitivity to relativistic binary pulsars. The multi-epoch observations increase the likelihood of discovering transient or nulling pulsars, or ensure orbital phases are observed at which acceleration search methods work optimally. In ${\sim}147\, {\rm h}$ of separate observations, no previously undiscovered pulsars have been detected. Through calibration observations, we conclude this might be due to insufficient instantaneous sensitivity, caused by the intense continuum emission from the Galactic Centre, its large distance, and, at higher frequencies, the aggregate effect of steep pulsar spectral indices and atmospheric contributions to the system temperature. Additionally, we find that for millisecond pulsars in wide circular orbits $({\lesssim}800\, {\rm d})$ around Sagittarius A*, linear acceleration effects cannot be fully corrected in deep observations $(9\, {\rm h})$ with existing software tools. Pulsar searches of the Galactic Centre with the next generation of radio telescopes – such as MeerKat, ngVLA, and SKA1-mid – will have improved chances of uncovering this elusive population.
A high occurrence of nuclear star clusters in faint Coma galaxies, and the roles of mass and environment
Authors: Zanatta Emílio , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Chies-Santos Ana L , de Souza Rafael S , Blakeslee John P 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We use deep high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging of two fields in the core of the Coma Cluster to investigate the occurrence of nuclear star clusters (NSCs) in quiescent dwarf galaxies as faint as MI = −10 mag. We employ a hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression framework to model the faint end of the nucleation fraction (fn) as a function of both galaxy luminosity and environment. We find that fn is remarkably high in Coma: at MI ≈ −13 mag half of the cluster dwarfs still host prominent NSCs. Comparison with dwarf systems in nearby clusters and groups shows that, within the uncertainties, the rate at which the probability of nucleation varies with galaxy luminosity is nearly universal. On the other hand, the fraction of nucleated galaxies at fixed luminosity does exhibit an environmental dependence. More massive environments feature higher nucleation fractions and fainter values of the half-nucleation luminosity, which roughly scales with host halo virial mass as $L_{I,f_{\mathrm{ n}50}} \propto \mathcal {M}_{200}^{-0.2}$. Our results reinforce the role of galaxy luminosity/mass as a major driver of the efficiency of NSC formation and also indicate a clear secondary dependence on the environment, hence paving the way to more refined theoretical models.
A preliminary investigation of the response ofOctopus vulgaristo experimental stimuli in the wild
Authors: O'Brien Caitlin E , Di Miccoli Valentina , Fiorito Graziano 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe tested the feasibility of conducting three standard behavioural tests modified from laboratory experiments with Octopus vulgaris in its natural habitat. Twenty wild octopuses from around the island of Capri (Mediterranean Sea) were filmed as two novel objects (a piece of white plastic and an identical piece of black plastic), an artificial prey item (a realistic rubber crab lure) and a conspecific (simulated by reflection in a mirror) were presented by experimenters on SCUBA. All of the objects elicited responses from at least 20% of the octopuses, particularly the artificial crab (50% made contact). This rate of engagement with objects (≤50%) is much lower than seen in analogous laboratory experiments (&gt;78%). However, among those that did respond to an object, latencies to touch were in the same range as those observed in the laboratory. This demonstrates the feasibility of conducting simple behavioural assays with O. vulgaris in the field, opening the door to a more systematic approach to behavioural study of octopuses in the wild. Such studies will, however, require larger sample sizes than laboratory experiments in order to compensate for lower engagement rates.
Living Toys in Thomas Adès’s Living Toys: Transforming the Post-Tonal Topic
Authors: Donaldson James 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Through an analysis of Thomas Adès’s (b. 1971) early chamber orchestra work Living Toys (1993), this article explores how pitch material associated with certain topics and topic-like objects can function as nodes of a transformational network. I build a network from two perspectives: first, three topics are related through Expansion (EXP) and Compression (CMP) transformations, and second, two further topics are related through common tonally suggestive intervals. Freed from tonal syntax, this tapestry of semantically rich objects provides an entrance to understanding the work’s harmony. But given the listener-dependence of topics—allied with transformational theory’s kaleidoscopic flexibility—these two complementary viewpoints model multiple simultaneous understandings of the harmonic language, depending on the objects prioritized.