bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artistic imagery in advertising: experiencing advertisements through art
Authors: Glowka Karolina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The general aim of this research is to address the importance of considering visual artistic imagery in engaging consumers for persuasion effects. In this study, I present properties of visual images crucial for aesthetic value and possible modes of engagement with artistic advertisements. I argue that both a visual rhetorical figure and a high sensory quality function to “make the familiar strange” and to engage recipients in the ad. The communicative effectiveness is tested through the experience of pleasure, immersion, narrative transportation, ad experience (involving sensory, cognitive and affective elaboration) and personal involvement. The results of the experiment show that a visual rhetorical figure and a high sensory quality of an ad influence communicative effectiveness of picture-based artistic advertisement. Plausibly, by making familiar strange, artistic ads become effective communicative tools, as they give an opportunity to engage with an ad in different ways and boost ad experience. It seems also that using artistic ads can be particularly effective in communicating brand personality. This research advances the theory and practice of communicative effectiveness of picture-based artistic advertisements.
Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) based polymer and composites
Authors: Archer Emily , Torretti Marissa , Madbouly Samy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that has advantages over other biopolymers, making it an extensively researched polymer. PCL is a hydrophobic, slow-degrading, synthetic polymer making it particularly interesting for the preparation of long-term implantable devices and a variety of drug delivery systems. Recently, PCL has been used for additional applications including food packaging and tissue engineering. In this chapter, the processing methods and characterization of PCL will be discussed. The chapter will summarize the synthesis of poly(α-hydroxy acid) and the ring-opening polymerization of PCL. Discussion on the biodegradability of PCL will be reviewed. The biomedical applications of PCL, such as, drug-delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering will be also summarized. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a characterization section outlining recent studies focusing on PCL based composites and films.
Nomino-Adjectival Collocation in Written Production of L2 French
Authors: Kazlauskienė Vitalija 
Published: June 2021

The acquisition of lexical competence is complex, since it is not enough for learners to distinguish the form and the meaning of a lexical element in order to know how to correctly integrate it into the language context. Learners prefer some lexical combinations to others. Generally speaking, these combinations are determined by usage and by frequency of use in the target language. The question of frequency leads to characterizing the particular cases of co-occurrences as collocations (Anctil, Tremblay 2016). According to Tutin and Grossmann, “one often characterizes collocations by the fact that the meaning is transparent in reception (it is “guessed”), whereas, for a non-native speaker, it is difficult to produce the appropriate lexemes” (Tutin, Grossmann 2002). We will try to verify this statement and define the regularities of lexical combinations in L2 French interlanguage of Lithuanian learners. The aims of this presentation is to take stock of the frequencies and particularities of nomino-adjectival collocations in the written productions of non-native French learners, without claiming to be exhaustive. Thanks to the corpus at our disposal, we have extracted certain characteristics of nomino-adjectival collocations specific to interlanguage. Nomino-adjectival collocations are characterized by the structure (Adj) + N + (Adj) in the corpus. Collocations of the N + Adj type are more frequent than that of the Adj + N type. The corpus also reveals that the combination of words is not always characteristic of the general language. The process of interference and hybridization can be seen as an essential contamination of collocations, both lexically and syntactically. However, partially set phrases, in other words collocations, are an important way of expressing themselves for learner with B1 level. The results of this study demonstrate that the analysis of collocational constructions can reveal the relationship between competence and performance of speakers. This type of data could also form the basis of various scientific approaches relating to teaching and learning of foreign languages.
French for Learners in Hesitation Between Mother Tongue and English
Authors: Loseva Natalia , Metelskaya Liudmila 
Published: June 2021

Observing the interlanguage of Russian speakers learning French in an academic setting enabled us to note that it is subject to a double influence from the mother tongue (LM langue maternelle) and the first foreign language (LE1 langue étrangère1), which in most cases is English.Teaching methods traditionally practiced in Russia have always emphasized the comparison with LM in order to eliminate the negative effects of interference. In contrast, very few attempts have been made to assess the impact of LE1. The challenge is therefore twofold, to understand the mechanisms of interaction of different languages in the learner’s mind and to develop a more effective pedagogical approach to neutralize the negative influence of plurilingualism and mobilize its constructive potential.The mature linguistic awareness of a multilingual speaking subject establishes fairly clear boundaries between the different language systems that are part of it. While in the consciousness of learners, the partitions that separate different languages are permeable. Sometimes students are not able to attribute a particular term (or word) to a particular system. The problem apparently is attributable to the deficiency (due to lack of language experience) of the discrimination mechanism which would make it possible to detect the “intruder” and to eliminate it.The survey carried out among 54 students who had reached level B1 in French aimed to assess their ability to identify foreign words in a text that included words that did not exist in normative French with Russian or English roots, as well as words of Franglais already adopted by French.The results showed that in 45% of cases, learners have difficulty locating and discriminating a lexeme belonging to another language, which testifies to the absence of clear boundaries between different language systems that make up a learner’s multicompetence. The interpenetration of different systems is facilitated by the existence of a common lexical background due to mutual borrowing. Also, the results support our hypothesis that at the intermediate level (B1) the influence of LE1 is stronger than that of LM, because false anglicisms have been found to be more difficult to detect than words with Slavic roots. It also turned out that the Russian-speaking interlanguage fully adheres to the “Franglais” of native French-speakers.In moving from theoretical research to French as a Foreign Language (FFL) didactics, it should be taken into account that the learner’s vocabulary only partly results from memorizing the studied content (from the “input”). There always remains a part of personal production resulting from the transfer. If the results of the languages transfer are sometimes inadequate, this should not cause the teacher to fight the mechanism itself. Rather, teaching practices should be put in place that would optimize this mechanism.
Дніпропетровщина в роки Другої світової війни в німецькій мемуаристиці та історіографії
Authors: Мицик Юрій Андрійович 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the reflection of Dnipropetrovsk and Dnipropetrovsk region during the Second World War in German memoirs and historiography. The author notes that Dnipropetrovsk region is poorly represented in this kind of literature due to the fact that there were no long or fierce defensive battles on its territory, and there were no turning points. Therefore, in German historiography and memoirs Dnipropetrovsk region is presented only in fragments. Since the attack of German troops on the USSR, Dnipropetrovsk had been on the way of the "South" army group. The initial stage of the battles for Dnipropetrovsk is represented by German memoirists, sometimes with serious human and technical losses. The dead German soldiers were buried at a cemetery near the train station. An eagle-shaped monument was erected at the beginning of the occupation of the city. The main task of the Germans was to restore the connection between the left and right banks of the city on the Dnipro River. Since the bridges had been blown up by retreating Soviet troops, the pontoon bridge had to be repaired so that communication could be established. After the occupation Dnipropetrovsk plunged into a “peaceful life” and memoirists depict a secluded life: there were cinemas, libraries. At that time the city was visited by Hans-Ulrich Rudel, the best bomber pilot of the Second World War, Stalin's personal enemy. There he had a clash with one of the future memoirists. Dnipropetrovsk made a good impression on him. Once in the deep rear of German troops, Dnipropetrovsk turned into an important economic center of the occupied territories. So that the attention of the memoirists to the rear city is significantly reduced. The mentions of Dnipropetrovsk again increased during the Soviet offensive and the battles for the liberation of the city and the region by the Soviet army.
Кукавское восстание, август 1918 года: украинские гетманские власти, антигетманская оппозиция, австро-венгерские войска
Authors: Малиновский Борис 
Published: June 2021

The study of the official documentation of the Ukrainian State authorities (the Ukrainian state headed by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskiy) and the Austro-Hungarian troops command of stationed in Ukraine makes it possible to determine the goals, nature and staff of the participants in the uprising in Kukavka (Podolia) in August 1918 and to reconstruct the sequence of events connected with this uprising.
The uprising was organized by former executives of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It was conceived as part of a public uprising. Its programme provided for liquidation of the hetman state, restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic, expulsion of the German and Austro-Hungarian troops supporting the hetman, destruction of large landholdings in Ukraine and distribution of landowners’ land among the peasants. Probably, following the example of the participants in the anti-government movement in Ukraine in 1768 (Koliivshchyna), the rebels of Kukavka intended to exterminate those who were considered as the oppressors of the Ukrainian people, especially the of estate owners.
The uprising was preceded by thorough preparation. The members were well armed and had a considered plan of action. The battle groups formed in the villages consisted mainly of former military men of the Russian tsarist army, the veterans of World War I.
On August 14, in Kukavka, the part of the combat groups united into a large detachment. In the following days, the detachment raided the territory of Mogilev, Yampolsky and Bratslav districts, absorbing the rest of the battle groups and trying to raise wide circles of population to fight.
The plan of involving of a large number of peasants into the uprising failed. The movement did not become widespread. The total number of the participants, did not exceed three thousand people. By the end of August, the rebel army had been eliminated after a series of clashes with Austro-Hungarian military units.
Development of synbiotic added sucrose-free mango nectar as a potential substrate for Lactobacillus casei: Physicochemical characterisation and consumer acceptability during storage
Authors: Alizadeh A. , Aghayi N. , Soofi M. , Roufegarinejad L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study was carried out to evaluate the viability of probiotic bacteria as well as physicochemical and sensory characteristics of synbiotic added sucrose-free mango nectar. The mango nectar samples were prepared incorporating different concentrations of inulin and stevia (0, 2 and 4% w/w) and stored for 45 days at 4 °C. The results indicated that the growth of Lactobacillus casei was strongly influenced by the beverage composition. Therefore, the addition of inulin and stevia had a positive effect on the viability of L. casei, especially with 2% w/w inulin or inulin in combination with stevia. However, bacterial viability reduced during storage. According to the results, pH and total soluble solid content of the samples decreased during storage; however, the viscosity values of mango nectars were elevated by the addition of inulin and stevia. Additionally, all beverages were considered a suitable medium to keep the L. casei survival above the minimum recommended value (106–107 CFU mL−1) during storage. In general, it can be concluded that the sample containing 2% inulin and 2% stevia in combination provided the best viability of L. casei with acceptable physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics that could be introduced as synbiotic and low-calorie mango nectar.
Ethylene oxide sterilization of electrospun poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide) core/shell nanofibers
Authors: Neffe Axel T. , Zhang Quanchao , Hommes-Schattmann Paul J. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The application of polymers in medicine requires sterilization while retaining material structure and properties. This demands detailed analysis, which we show exemplarily for the sterilization of PLLA/PDLA core–shell nanofibers with ethylene oxide (EtO). The electrospun patch was exposed to EtO gas (6 vol% in CO2, 1.7 bar) for 3 h at 45 °C and 75% rel. humidity, followed by degassing under pressure/vacuum cycles for 12 h. GC–MS analysis showed that no residual EtO was retained. Fiber diameters (~ 520 ± 130 nm) of the patches remained constant as observed by electron microscopy. Young’s modulus slightly increased and the elongation at break slightly decreased, determined at 37 °C. No changes were detected in 1H-NMR spectra, in molar mass distribution (GPC) or in crystallinity measured for annealed samples with comparable thermal history (Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering). Altogether, EtO emerged as suitable sterilization method for polylactide nanofibers with core–shell morphology.

Graphic abstract
Degradation kinetics of oligo(ε-caprolactone) ultrathin films: Influence of crystallinity
Authors: Saretia Shivam , Machatschek Rainhard , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The potential of using crystallinity as morphological parameter to control polyester degradation in acidic environments is explored in ultrathin films by Langmuir technique. Films of hydroxy or methacrylate end-capped oligo(ε-caprolactone) (OCL) are prepared at the air–water interface as a function of mean molecular area (MMA). The obtained amorphous, partially crystalline or highly crystalline ultrathin films of OCL are hydrolytically degraded at pH ~ 1.2 on water surface or on silicon surface as-transferred films. A high crystallinity reduces the hydrolytic degradation rate of the films on both water and solid surfaces. Different acceleration rates of hydrolytic degradation of semi-crystalline films are achieved either by crystals complete melting, partially melting, or by heating them below their melting temperatures. Semi-crystalline OCL films transferred via water onto a solid surface retain their crystalline morphology, degrade in a controlled manner, and are of interest as thermoswitchable coatings for cell substrates and medical devices.

Graphic abstract
High-entropy alloys: Structure, mechanical properties, deformation mechanisms and application
Authors: Osintsev K. A. , Gromov V. E. , Konovalov S. V. , Ivanov Yu. F. , Panchenko I. A. 
Published: June 2021

The article considers a brief review of the foreign publications on the study of the structure, phase composition and properties of five-component high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in different structural states in a wide temperature range over the past two decades. HEAs attract the attention of scientists with their unique and unusual properties. The difficulties of comparative analysis and generalization of data are noted due to different methods of obtaining HEAs, modes of mechanical tests for uniaxial compression and tension, sizes and shapes of the samples, types of thermal treatments, and phase composition (bcc and fcc crystal lattices). It is noted that the HEA with a bcc lattice has mainly high strength and low plasticity, and the HEA with a fcc lattice has low strength and increased plasticity. A significant increase in the properties of the FeMnCoCrNi HEA with a fcc lattice can be achieved by alloying with boron and optimizing the parameters of thermal mechanical treatment at alloying with carbon in the amount of 1 % (at.). The deformation curves analyzed in the temperature range –196 ÷ 800 °C indicate an increase in the yield strength with a decrease in the grain size from 150 to 5 microns. As the temperature decreases, the yield strength and elongation increase. The effect of deformation rate on the mechanical properties is an increase in the ultimate strength and yield strength, which is most noticeable at high rates of 10–2 ÷ 103 s–1. The features of HEAs deformation behavior in the mono- and poly-crystalline states are noted. The complex of high operational properties of HEAs makes it possible to use them in various industries. There are good prospects of using energy treatment to modify the surface layers and further improve HEAs properties.
Surface layer of 40Kh steel after electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact
Authors: Dudkina N. G. , Arisova V. N. 
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of complex studies of the structure, microhardness and depth of the hardened surface layer of 40Kh steel formed as a result of electromechanical treatment with dynamic application of a deforming force (EMT with impact). The research was carried out using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microhardness methods. The method of electromechanical treatment with dynamic force impact consisted in simultaneous transmission of electric current pulses and deforming force through the contact zone of the tool with the part. As a result of shock-thermal effects with different current densities (j = 100 A/mm2; 300 A/mm2; 600 A/mm2), segments of the hardened layer of different sizes and structure composition are formed on the steel surface in cross-section. Analysis of structural and phase transformations in the surface layer of 40Kh steel subjected to dynamic electromechanical treatment indicates the formation of a specific structure of the white layer, the structure and properties close to the amorphous state of the metal with a maximum hardness HV = 8.0 – 8.5 GPa. As you move away from the surface, a transition zone is formed behind the segment of the white layer with a structure that does not have the characteristic needle structure of martensite. It was found that with an increase in the current density during shock electromechanical treatment, the depth of hardening increases by 4 – 5 times with a simultaneous increase in the heterogeneity of strength properties; the level of micro-stresses increases by 25 %. Experimental data on the structural state, microhardness and depth of the surface layer of 40Kh steel show that electromechanical treatment with dynamic (shock) application of the deforming force causes deeper transformations in the steel structure compared to traditional static EMT. The results obtained show that as a result of electro-mechanical processing with impact, the intensity of the temperature-force effect on the steel surface layer increases, which allows you to open the internal reserves of 40Kh steel and control the process of forming its structure and phase states.
Thermodynamic modeling of nickel and iron reduction from B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> – CaO – Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> – NiO melt by СО – СО<sub>2</sub> and Н<sub>2</sub> – Н<sub>2</sub>О mixtures
Authors: Vusikhis A. S. , Leont’ev L. I. , Selivanov E. N. 
Published: June 2021

To predict the conditions for metals reduction from an oxide melt by gas in bubbling processes, a thermodynamic modeling technique has been developed that provides an approximation to real systems. The main difference between the accepted method and the well-known one is in conducting successive calculation cycles with withdrawal of the generated gases and the metal phase from the working medium. This paper presents the results of thermodynamic modeling of nickel and iron reduction processes from B2O3 – CaO– Fe2O3 – NiO melts by mixtures of CO– CO2 and H2 – H2O containing 0 – 60 % CO2 (H2O) in the temperature range of 1273 – 1673 K. The calculations evaluated the content of nickel and iron oxides in the melt and the degree of their reduction. It is shown that, regardless of the gas composition, this process proceeds in several stages. At the first stage, Fe2O3 is reduced to Fe3O4 and FeO. СFe2O3 values decrease to almost zero, while СFe3O4 and CFeO increase simultaneously. By the end of the phase, СFeO reaches its maximum value. At the second stage, the Fe3O4 → FeO transition occurs, when СFe3O4 values reach maximum, nickel and iron begin to reduce to metal. At reduction by CO– CO2 mixture, an increase in temperature reduces the metallization of both nickel and iron. Similarly, an increase in the CO2 content of the introduced gas affects. During interaction of the oxide melt with a gas containing 60 % CO2 , the third stage is absent. At reduction by H2 – H2O mixture, an increase in temperature reduces the metallization of nickel, but increases metallization of iron. With increasing water vapor content in the introduced gas, the degree of metallization of both nickel and iron decreases. The obtained data are useful for creating technologies for selective reduction of metals and formation of ferronickel of the required composition.
Emergência e crescimento inicial de feijão-fava e de cebolinha sob ação do extrato aquoso de folhas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum
Authors: Araújo Ariana Veras de , Brito Ana Carla Vieira de , Silva Monalisa Alves Diniz da , Ferraz André Pereira Freire 
Published: June 2021

RESUMO: A possibilidade de cultivo de culturas agrícolas consorciadas com espécies florestais, além de ajudar a preservar a diversidade de espécies existentes, recupera áreas degradadas, e gera benefícios agronômicos e econômicos para os agricultores. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar uma possível ação alelopática do extrato aquoso de folhas de tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong) sobre a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) e de cebolinha (Allium fistulosum L.). Nos ensaios foi avaliado o extrato aquoso de folhas de tamboril em cinco concentrações (10; 25; 50; 75 e 100%), e como controle (0%) utilizou-se água mineral. Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições de 20 sementes por tratamento para cada cultura. Preparados os extratos, procedeu-se com a semeadura das sementes de feijão-fava e de cebolinha em bandejas de polietileno. Ao final dos ensaios, foram avaliados a porcentagem de emergência; o índice de velocidade e o tempo médio de emergência; o comprimento e a massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. O extrato aquoso de folhas de tamboril, em todas as concentrações utilizadas, não afetou a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de feijão-fava, contudo, inibiu completamente a emergência de plântulas de cebolinha.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: alelopatia, cultivo consorciado, espécie florestal.