bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an indigenous questionnaire for assessing clinician's knowledge towards transfusion medicine and bedside transfusion practices
Authors: Gupta Anubhav , Dhawan Hari Krishan , Jain Romesh , Sharma Ratti Ram , Kaushal Vipin , Singh Amarjeet , Marwaha Neelam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionDue to the non‐availability of formal training during residency for clinicians in transfusion medicine, there is a prevalent knowledge gap for transfusion practices, which leads to increased patient risks and elevated healthcare costs. There is no indigenous questionnaire available, which could be used for knowledge assessment. This study aims to develop and validate an Indigenous questionnaire to assess clinicians' knowledge of transfusion medicine and bedside transfusion practices.Materials and MethodsThe questionnaire was designed using a nominal group technique involving subject experts, considering the type of information required, themes, appropriate wording, layout, and presentation. The questionnaire consisted of 25 knowledge‐based questions and 4 general questions. Piloting of the questionnaire was done to check for feasibility, validation, and reliability. Content validity was assessed by six experts using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Reliability was assessed using test–retest and split‐half methods, with a sample of 56 participants. Cronbach's alpha and Kappa statistics were used to measure internal consistency and agreement, respectively.ResultsThe questionnaire displayed acceptable feasibility with a mean difficulty score of 6.93 on a scale of 1–10, with test–retest responses showing near‐perfect agreement (kappa value 0.8–0.99). All experts gave more than 70% agreement on the relevance of content, with a mean CVI of 85%. Test–retest reliability showed near‐perfect agreement (Kappa 0.8–0.99, p = 0.008) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.806). The split‐half method yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.89 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.88 (95% CI 0.57, 0.97, p = 0.001) Construct validity was confirmed through factor analysis.ConclusionThe developed indigenous questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the knowledge of clinicians towards transfusion medicine and bedside transfusion practices. The detailed, methodical strategy used to prepare and validate the questionnaire ensures its applicability and relevance in various clinical settings and can be easily adopted by others intending to prepare similar questionnaires. The questionnaire is available with the author and, on demand, may be provided for knowledge assessment.
Apologising in Nigerian English
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka , Gut Ulrike , Oyebola Folajimi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article provides the first comprehensive account of the forms and functions of apologies in Nigerian English, with a view to examining the factors that condition speakers’ choice of the linguistic forms of apologies in different text types as well as potential differences between apologies elicited via discourse completion tasks and those found in corpus data. Analysing the data from a postcolonial pragmatics approach, the article identifies nativised forms of apologising due to influence from indigenous Nigerian languages and reveals that the linguistic forms of apologies produced by Nigerian English speakers are systematically conditioned by the communicative situation. It suggests that it is the written mode of language production that allows speakers to choose speech acts without time pressure rather than the type of data as such, which influences the choice of linguistic forms of speech acts. Thus, the study contributes to the description of pragmatic variation in Nigerian English.
More than a bag of tricks – Curriculum schema for chronic lower extremity wound healing
Authors: Jung Enjae , De Lima Bryanna , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. , White‐Chu E. Foy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChronic wound treatment is a huge burden on our healthcare system, yet wound healing is not broadly taught in U.S. medical schools. Chronic lower extremity wounds (CLEW) often have delays in diagnosis of the underlying aetiology and inappropriate evaluation before referral. We devised a CLEW healing curriculum in 2019 for medical students in their clinical years. The curriculum includes a session of brief online learning modules, a multi‐disciplinary face‐to‐face workshop, and an online vignette. Pre‐session surveys found that students felt most comfortable describing aetiologies and least comfortable choosing a wound product. Self‐reported confidence was significantly higher across all wound types following the online modules (p < 0.001). Performance on the peripheral arterial occlusive disease online modules remained low throughout. Future work aims to determine the success of long‐term memory encoding of this curriculum as well as address potential biases that students may have when caring for patients with chronic wounds.
Systematic Review and Comparative Outcomes Analysis of NHP Liver Allotransplants and Xenotransplants
Authors: Shirini Kasra , Meier Raphael P. H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPatients with fulminant liver failure ineligible for transplantation have a high mortality rate. With recent progress in genetic modifications and clinical achievements, using pig livers as a bridge‐to‐transplant has regained popularity. Preclinical testing has been done in small cohorts of nonhuman primates (NHP), and maximum survival is limited to 1‐month. We conducted a systematic review and comparative outcomes analysis of NHP‐liver xenotransplantation and gathered 203 pig‐to‐NHP and NHP‐to‐NHP transplants reported in 23 studies. Overall, NHP survival after pig‐liver xenotransplantation was limited (1, 3, 4 weeks: 18.0%, 5.6%, 1.1%), compared to NHPs after allotransplantation (1, 3, 4 weeks: 60.6%, 47.4%, 45.4%). A focus on pigs with genetic modifications evidenced some short‐term survival benefits (1, 3, 4 weeks: 29.1%, 9.1%, 1.8%). The use of the auxiliary transplant technique was also associated with better short‐term results (1, 3, 4 weeks: 40.9%, 9.1%, 4.5%). Causes of graft and animal loss were mostly rejection and liver failure in allotransplants, while bleeding, liver, and respiratory failure predominated in xenotransplants. Notably, the 1‐month survival rate for NHP‐allotransplants was significantly lower than the national > 98% rate for human liver transplants. This data confirms the short‐term improvements brought by genetic modifications and auxiliary implantation in the NHP model, which remains imperfect.
Mitochondrial efficiency in resting skeletal muscle in vivo: a novel non‐invasive approach using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans
Authors: Erol Muhammet Enes , Bannon Sean T. , Matias Alexs A. , Siokas Triantafyllia , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Fur Yann Le , Park Song‐Young , Layec Gwenael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMitochondrial efficiency is a critical metabolic parameter with far‐reaching implications for tissue homeostasis. However, the direct measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2) and ATP production from a large tissue sample in vivo remains challenging. Using phosphorus (31P) and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), this study aimed to non‐invasively quantify the skeletal muscle ATP synthesis rate and VO2 to determine mitochondrial efficiency at rest and during muscle contraction in humans. We assessed mitochondrial efficiency in the plantar flexor muscles of 12 healthy adults (21 ± 1 years) using 31P and 1H MRS within a 3T MR system. MRS data were acquired at rest and during constant workloads to quantify oxidative ATP synthesis (ATPox) rate and myoglobin‐derived oxygen consumption (Mb‐derived VO2). At rest, ATPox was 0.85 ± 0.24 mm min−1, and Mb‐derived VO2 was 0.46 ± 0.11 mm min−1, resulting in a P/O ratio of 1.95 ± 0.68. During graded exercise, end‐exercise PCr concentration decreased from 29 ± 5.7 mm to 18 ± 4.8 mm, and end‐exercise Mb oxygenation declined linearly to 47 ± 11%. ATPox synthesis rate increased linearly with exercise workload (r = 0.65 ± 0.31), whereas there was no significant change in Mb‐derived VO2 (r = −0.19 ± 0.60), leading to non‐physiological P/O values during exercise (>3). The results indicate that combined 31P/1H‐MRS at rest offers a promising approach for non‐invasively quantifying mitochondrial efficiency in large muscle samples, suggesting its potential as a clinical endpoint of mitochondrial function. However, further refinement is needed for use during exercise.
imageKey points
Mitochondrial efficiency, converting chemical energy from carbon fuels into ATP, is a vital metabolic parameter for tissue homeostasis, but measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) and ATP production in vivo has been challenging.
This study used phosphorus (31P) and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to non‐invasively quantify the skeletal muscle ATP synthesis rate and VO2 at rest and during muscle contraction in humans.
At rest, the oxidative ATP synthesis (ATPox) and myoglobin‐derived VO2 (Mb‐derived VO2) were measured, resulting in a P/O ratio of 1.95 in the plantar flexor muscles.
During exercise, the ATPox rate increased with workload, but Mb‐derived VO2 did not change significantly, leading to non‐physiological P/O ratios.
The findings suggest that 31P/1H‐MRS at rest is a promising method for assessing mitochondrial efficiency and could be used as a clinical endpoint for mitochondrial function in vivo, although further refinement is needed for exercise conditions.
Numerical Investigation of a Vapor Chamber-Assisted Liquid Cooling System for Cylindrical Battery Thermal Management
Authors: Chen Xu , Han Xinyue , Lai Peigen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) is critical for ensuring the performance and lifespan of the battery module. To enhance the module’s thermal performance, a new liquid cooling (LC) system integrating with vapor chambers for a cylindrical battery module is proposed in this article. Systematically, numerical studies are carried out to compare the performance of three BTMSs: LC, liquid cooling with vapor chamber (LC-VC), and liquid cooling with two-end vapor chambers (LC-2VCs). Results highlight that integrating VC reduces the maximum temperature of the battery module (Tmax) and shows a preferable temperature distribution. It is detected that LC-VC displays excellent temperature uniformity performance along a coolant flow path with the maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax) of 6.65 K at a 3C discharge rate compared to the LC case with ΔTmax of 9.18 K. However, it still suffers from a noticeable temperature gradient from the top to the bottom thermal transfer paths. In contrast, LC-2VCs further enhances the temperature uniformity with ΔTmax of 4.72 K and controls Tmax of 306.89 K. Then, the effects of the battery axial thermal conductivity, VC effective thermal conductivity, fin height, and inlet velocity on the cooling performance of LC-VC and LC-2VCs are examined. Finally, the cooling performance under optimal conditions is compared to initial conditions. The results show that Tmax and ΔTmax for LC-2VCs are controlled at 305.58 K and 3.51 K under 3C discharge rate, and reduce by 1.31 K and 1.21 K, respectively, compared to initial conditions.
Computational Prediction of Total Fatigue Life With an Integrated Approach
Authors: Li Siqi , Zhang Zhong , Liu Rong , Wu Xijia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research tackles the fundamental issue of computational fatigue studies by developing an effective approach that combines the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) with the Tanaka–Mura–Wu (TMW) model for crack nucleation and the Tomkins model for fatigue crack propagation, to provide Class-A predictions of the total coupon-fatigue life (crack initiation and growth lives) for a nickel-based superalloy, Haynes 282. To gain a statistical significance accounting for the microstructure inhomogeneity, 11 3D Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) are created utilizing Dream.3d to represent the polycrystalline material with different grain structures and orientations in equivalence to the experimental microstructure data. The CPFEM model is calibrated to the material's hysteresis behavior, and then, the microstructural plastic strain from the RVE is taken to calculate the fatigue life. The prediction is found in good agreement with the fatigue test data, validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting the fatigue life and scatter due to microstructural variability for Haynes 282 alloy. In addition, the effects of local grain attributes including grain orientation and adjacent grain arrangement on fatigue crack nucleation are analyzed quantitatively. It is suggested that grain orientation influences plastic deformation by inducing the active slip systems, and the slip transfer across grain boundaries also contributes to fatigue crack nucleation.
Impact of Non-Uniform Surface Temperature on the Apparent Radiative Properties of Cavity Receivers
Authors: Mofidipour Ehsan , Jones Matthew R. , Iverson Brian D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Radiative surface properties play a critical role in the design, analysis and optimization of solar thermal systems. Cavity receivers increase the efficiency of solar-thermal energy systems through the cavity effect. The cavity effect refers to increased absorption of radiation due to multiple reflections within a cavity. Apparent radiative surface properties of a cavity characterize the effective interactions of radiation passing through an imaginary surface covering the cavity aperture. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the apparent emissivity of a cavity with a non-uniform surface temperature profile may be estimated using an isothermal enclosure model. A cylindrical cavity was assumed to have a linearly increasing, linearly decreasing or parabolic temperature profile. The cavity's apparent emissivity and absorptivity was calculated for various length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) and intrinsic emissivity (ε). This work shows that a spatially varying surface temperature can significantly affect the apparent emissivity and absorptivity especially for shallow cavities with low intrinsic emissivity. Moreover, under non-isothermal conditions, changes in the cavity&#39;s geometry result in larger changes in the apparent radiative properties than observed for isothermal cases. For a cavity with an intrinsic emissivity of 0.3, the percent difference between non-isothermal and isothermal conditions reaches ∼25% for L/D ratios of 4 and 8 for cavities with linearly increasing or parabolic temperature profiles. Similarly, for ε = 0.9 and ΔTw/T0 = 0.1, this difference is &lt;1% across all three wall temperature cases when L/D = 4.
Social franchising in healthcare: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of implementation and outcomes
Authors: Rahman Md Hafizur , Perkins Janet E. , Usmani Nasimul Ghani , Manna Ridwana Maher , Sajib Md Refat Uz Zaman , Akter Ema , Shomik Mohammad Sohel , Ahmed Anisuddin , El Arifeen Shams , Tasnim Hossain Aniqa , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe growing prominence of social franchising in healthcare underscores the need to analyse its implementation and impacts; however, substantial research gaps remain. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and narrative synthesis of evidence to analyse the social franchise models, implementation and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in February 2024 on Medline, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus using terms related to ‘social franchising’ in healthcare. We conducted a qualitative narrative synthesis of study findings into five thematic areas: client impact and utilisation, healthcare outcomes, financial sustainability, innovative technologies and awareness activities.ResultsFrom 4184 search results, 47 studies were included in the analysis. We identified 29 social franchises across 25 countries. Social franchises were mostly present in Africa, Asia and Central America. Most franchises focused on sexual, reproductive and maternal health (n=18) and family planning (FP) (n=25), and most included training (n=21), service provision (n=17) and financial support (n=12). Franchising improved client volumes, satisfaction and contraceptive continuation rates and increased access to healthcare. Vouchers and subsidised services reduced the financial burden among clients. Telemedicine and call centres enhanced healthcare delivery, and community outreach and marketing increased awareness and modern contraceptive use. However, franchises struggled to reach poorer populations due to high fees and competition from public services. It often did not improve FP, reproductive healthcare and child nutrition and had limited branding and promotional activities. Additionally, heavy reliance on donor funding threatened long-term sustainability.ConclusionSocial franchising presents a potential strategy for expanding healthcare access and improving service delivery, though outcomes regarding the effectiveness of social franchising vary across regions. More research is needed to evaluate digital technology use and the long-term impact, equity and sustainability of social franchising.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022328104.
Coproducing a culturally sensitive storytelling video intervention to improve psychosocial well-being: a multimethods participatory study with Nepalese migrant workers
Authors: Paudyal Priyamvada , Wasti Sharada Prasad , Neupane Pimala , Sapkota Jib Lal , Watts Carol , Kulasabanathan Kavian , Silwal Ram , Memon Anjum , Shukla Prajaya , Pathak Ram Sharan , Michelson Daniel , Berry Clio , Moult Alice , Simkhada Padam , van Teijlingen Edwin R , Cassell Jackie 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to coproduce a culturally adaptive storytelling video intervention to support the psychosocial well-being of Nepalese migrant workers.DesignA multimethods participatory study was conducted involving three different but interconnected phases: (1) formative research involving a systematic review, pilot survey and stakeholder consultations; (2) exploration and analysis of Nepalese literature relevant to contemporary migration; and (3) coproduction of a storytelling video intervention, using participatory workshops.Participants and settingsConvenience sample of outgoing and returnee migrant workers from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, their families and other relevant stakeholders in Dhading District of Bagmati Province, Nepal.ResultsThe systematic review of 33 included studies identified five key health issues: mental health; occupational hazards; sexual health; healthcare access; and infectious diseases. In the survey (n=60), workers reported various health problems including fever/common cold (42%); mental health problems (25%); and verbal abuse (35%). Twenty interviewees identified issues related to physical health (eg, pneumonia, kidney disease) as well as mental health (eg, anxiety, depression). Nepalese literary resources primarily portrayed themes of: separation; hopelessness and helplessness; and poor workplace environments. Drawing on these findings and iterative workshops with stakeholders, a culturally sensitive storytelling video intervention was coproduced to support the psychosocial well-being of Nepalese migrant workers in GCC countries. The intervention used an animated video format with audio narration and subtitles, presenting a story centred around the struggles of an archetypal male migrant worker and their use of coping strategies for dealing with adversities.ConclusionsThis is a feasibility study conducted in a single district of Nepal; as such, the findings should be generalised cautiously. Despite these limitations, the project is testament to the value of participatory methods in the development of culturally sensitive public health interventions for marginalised groups, and points to the utility of coproduced storytelling formats in migrant health contexts. Future research is needed to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of the intervention as well as the outcomes and experiences of migrant workers who engaged with the video.
COVID-19 and risk of long-term mortality in COPD: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Hyun , Kim Sang Hyuk , Jeong Cho Yun , Chung Jee-Eun , Kim Youlim , Min Kyung Hoon , Yoo Kwang Ha , Kim Jong Seung , Moon Ji-Yong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, mortality after COVID-19 recovery in this population remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled individuals with COPD from the Korean National Health Insurance database. We compared the mortality rate in individuals with COPD who recovered from COVID-19 between 8 October 2020 and 31 December 2021 (COVID-19 cohort, n=2499) with that in 1:1 propensity score-matched controls (n=2499). The study population was followed until either death or 30 September 2022, whichever came first.ResultsThe COVID-19 cohort had a 4.8% mortality rate vs 2.7% in matched controls during a median follow-up of 319 days (IQR, 293–422 days), including 14 days of recovery time. The COVID-19 cohort had a higher risk of death than matched controls (adjusted HR (aHR)=1.81, 95% CI=1.35 to 2.45). The risk of mortality was notably higher in individuals with severe COVID-19 (aHR=5.05, 95% CI=3.65 to 6.97), especially during the first 180 days of recovery (highest during the first 30 days (aHR=20.25, 95% CI=7.79 to 52.64)). Non-severe COVID-19 does not increase the risk of mortality compared with controls (aHR=0.85, 95% CI=0.57 to 1.28).ConclusionIndividuals with COPD recovering from COVID-19 showed an increased risk of long-term mortality, particularly within the first 180 days post-recovery, especially those who experienced severe COVID-19.
Can $$1/N_c$$ corrections be treated in the Pomeron calculus?
Authors: Levin Eugene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The main goal of the paper is to show that we can treat the

$$1/N_c$$

1
/

N
c

QCD corrections in the Pomeron calculus. We develop the one dimensional model which is a simplification of the QCD approach that includes

$$I\!\!P\rightarrow 2 I\!\!P$$

I

P
→
2
I

P

,

$$2 I\!\!P\rightarrow I\!\!P$$

2
I

P
→
I

P

and

$$ 2 I\!\!P\rightarrow 2 I\!\!P$$

2
I

P
→
2
I

P

vertices and gives the description of the high energy interaction, both in the framework of the parton cascade and in the Pomeron calculus. In this model we show that the scattering amplitude can be written as the sum of Green’s function of n-Pomeron exchanges

$$G_{n I\!\!P} \propto e^{ \omega _n \tilde{Y}}$$

G

n
I

P

∝

e

ω
n

Y
~

with

$$\omega _n = \kappa \,n^2$$

ω
n

=
κ

n
2

at

$$\kappa \ll 1$$

κ
≪
1

. This means that choosing

$$\kappa = 1/N^2_c$$

κ
=
1
/

N
c
2

we can reproduce the intercepts of QCD in

$$1/N_c$$

1
/

N
c

order. The scattering amplitude is an asymptotic series that cannot be sum using Borel approach. We found a general way of summing such series. In addition to the positive eigenvalues we found the set of negative eigenvalues which corresponds to the partonic description of the scattering amplitude. Using Abramowsky, Gribov and Kancheli cutting rules we found the multiplicity distributions of the produced dipoles as well as their entropy

$$S_E$$

S
E

.