bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic Period Around Industrial Areas, Perundurai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugamoorthy Manoj , Subbaiyan Anandakumar , Elango Lakshmanan , Velusamy Sampathkumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present research deals with the Risk assessment of groundwater quality around 15 km radius surrounding SIPCOT industrial estate, Perundurai, Erode district. It is sub-divided into three segments with radius of 5 km each. 79 groundwater samples were collected from domestic and agricultural usage open and bore well points equally distributed (each 4 km distance) over the study area with help of toposheets, during January- 2021 (COVID-19 Pandemic Period). The groundwater samples were tested to determine the physio-chemical parameters using standard testing procedure which include Ca+2, Na+, pH, TA, EC, TDS, K+, TH, Mg2+, Fe2+/3+, HCO3−,F−, NO32−, SO42− and Cl− for the preparation of spatial distribution maps of each parameter based on WHO standard. Multivariate statistical analysis shown the source of groundwater pollution from secondary leaching of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals and fertilizers used agriculture lands and least percentage of industrials effluents due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not working for all industries during last 6 months. From the Water Quality Index, 18.06 % of the area comes under high and very high risk zone and bivariate plot NO3 Vs Cl reveals that 17.72 % of the samples are from the bad quality of groundwater. The types of hardness diagram showed 32.91% of the samples fall in hard brackish water as illustrated by the Piper trilinear diagram. The high and very high risk zones, was recommended to concern department to provide the good quality of water supply to the people.
The dynamics of CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic development: Evidence from the top 28 greenhouse gas emitters
Authors: Jin Lei , Chang Yuan-hua , Wang Meng , Zheng Xin-zhu , Yang Jian-xun , Gu Jin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have done more research on the relationship between carbon emission reduction, energy consumption and economic growth in specific countries or regions, which rarely consider the issue of heterogeneity between countries or regions, and also lack the refinement of energy consumption categories. Using panel data from 2000 to 2017,this paper divided the top 28 global carbon emission countries into developed countries and developing countries, and explores cointegration and causality between renewable energy consumption,non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emission. Results suggested that there is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in all economies. There is a two-way causal relationshipbetween economic growth in developed countries and consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy, while there is no significant relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in developing countries. There is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions and renewable energyin all economies, but there are significant differences; there is a two-way causal relationship between carbon emissions in developed countries and non-renewable energy, and only one-way causality exists in developing countries.
Predictive Value of Albumin and Neutrophil Combined Prognostic Grade in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Treated With anti-PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Pan Yuting , Wang ZhiKuan , Dai Guanghai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The application of immunotherapy is gradually increasing in advanced gastric cancer (AGC), but only some patients could benefit from it. Validated biomarkers can screen out the beneficiaries. The objective of this research is to explore the predictive value of albumin and neutrophil combined prognostic grade ( ANPG) in AGC patients receiving immunotherapy. Methods A total number of 268 AGC patients were included. The cut-off value of albumin was 38 g/L obtained by the median value, and neutrophil was 4.16 g/L estimated by the average value. The high levels of albumin (≥38 g/L) and neutrophil (≥4.16 g/L) were considered to be two risk factors for ANPG. Based on these two risk factors, patients were categorized into 3 groups：the risk factor number for the "good" group was 0, for the "intermediate" group was 1, and for the "poor" group was 2. Results Patients with the good ANPG was related to longer progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), compared to those with the intermediate and the poor ANPG (5.6 months vs 5.3 months vs 3.4 months, 17.8 months vs 11.8 months vs 8.2 months). The poor group was independently correlated with an over 1.9 times risk of disease progression (HR=1.901; 95% CI, 1.314-2.750; P=0.001) and an over 2 times risk of death (HR=2.003; 95% CI, 1.306-3.072; P=0.001) than the good group. The intermediate group was independently correlated with an over 1.3 times risk of disease progression (HR=1.385; 95% CI, 1.004-1.911; P=0.048) and an over 1.4 times risk of death (HR=1.484; 95% CI, 1.046-2.106; P=0.027) than the good group. Conclusion Our study verifies, for the first time, that ANPG is an independent factor affecting survival of AGC patients receiving immunotherapy. Patients with the good ANPG could benefit from immunotherapy.
Absence of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations with Asymmetric Dynamic Protocols
Authors: Ding Mingnan , Huang Chen , Xing Xiangjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many versions of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TUR) have recently been discovered, which impose lower bounds on relative fluctuations of integrated currents in irreversible dissipative processes, and suggest that there may be fundamental limitations on the precision of small scale machines and heat engines. In this work we rigorously demonstrate that TUR can be evaded by using dynamic protocols that are asymmetric under time-reversal. We illustrate our results using a model heat engine using two-level systems, and also discuss heuristically the fundamental connections between TUR and time-reversal symmetry.
Research Status and Environmental Protection Disposal of Recycled Electrolytic Manganese Residue
Authors: Liu Ke , Wang Chao-qiang , Huang De-ming , Huang Qi-cong , Wang Pei-xin , Mei Xu-dong , Chen Yu , Li Shu-chun , Wu Kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a common industrial solid waste. The ammonia and manganese components contained in it will pollute the soil environment and have potential risks to human health. Under the premise of investigating the production of electrolytic manganese slag and conventional processes, it is found that the traditional harmless treatment methods of electrolytic manganese slag are still mainly lime solidification, cement solidification, and fly ash solidification, and the resource utilization directions such as cement, concrete, non-sintered bricks, road bases, etc. are mainly used. But, EMR contains ammonia nitrogen, and manganese (prone to leaching) that difficult to meeting environmental protection requirements by using general cement cementitious material solidification. Therefore, this study focused on manufacturing new eco-friendly bricks with EMR using calcination process. Specifically, the physical performance and environmental characterization of the sintered bricks were investigated. Furthermore, the sintering behavior and crystallization of all bricks containing EMR were studied using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The results showed the EMR leaching solution contained 1256 mg/L and 8120 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and manganese, respectively, both of them exceeds Chinese standards (GB 8978-1996). Because of EMR is rich in Fe2O3 and K2O, it greatly promotes particle rearrangement and transfer in the EMR system, reducing the sintering temperature. The compressive strength, leaching performance and radioactivity of sintered bricks with EMR all met the state standard requirement for "sintered common bricks" (GB/T 5101-2017) and (GB 8978). The product can be used as bricks of MU20 grade of Chinese standard. The study provides an effective method for the safe and environmentally friendly disposal of EMR.
Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Combined Intralesional Steroid Injection with Topical Steroid Administration vs. Systemic (Oral) Steroid
Authors: toktas Osman , Toprak Nursen , Elasan Sadi , Calli Iskan , Binici Serhat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM)is characterized by non-caseating granuloma and microabscess formation limited to mammary gland lobules. It is a form of chronic mastitis of unknown pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of intralesional steroid injection with topical steroids versus systemic steroid therapy in the treatment of IGM. MethodsBetween June 2017 and December 2020, the patients were collected and assessed. IGM was diagnosed histopathologically by tru-cut biopsy in patients with breast mass, pain, and erythema with suspicion of IGM. Included in the study were one hundred and eleven patients who were diagnosed with IGMand who were treated with local or oral administration of corticosteroids, with at least 6 months of follow-up. The patients were divided into 2 groups: a local corticosteroid treatment group (LC, group 1, n=57); and a peroral corticosteroid treatment group (OC, group 2, n=54). Demographic characteristics, treatment responses, recurrence rates, side effects of the steroid, and the need for surgery were compared.ResultsWhile the rate of smoking was 12.3% in the LC group, was 20.4% in the OC group. There was no history of oral contraceptive use in either group of patients. Previous steroid use was significantly lower in the LC group (10.5%) compared to the OC group (55.6%) (p = 0.001). Previous antibiotic use was significantly lower in the LC group (75.4%) compared to the OC group (100%) (p = 0.001). When complete and partial responders were grouped as “responders,” 96.5% in the LC group and 75.9% in the OC group responded after the first course of treatment (p=0.001). 98.2% in the LC group and 87.0% in the OC group were complete responders after the third course of treatment (p=0.003). While 7% of the patients in the LC group had recurrence, 37% in the OC group had recurrence (p=0.001). Steroid-related side effects were lower in the LC group (no) compared to the OC group (11.1%) (p=0.010). Surgery was performed in 3.5% of the LC group, while surgery was performed in 57.3% of the OC group (p=0.001). ConclusionSteroid injection is an IGM treatment with proven efficacy, short response time, low recurrence rate, and lower need surgery. The treatment is easy to administer and minimizes the risk of systemic side effects. Even in clinically severe cases, we believe that steroid injection might be used as monotherapy, or in combination with other therapies, to improve treatment efficacy and create a transition to less aggressive treatments.
Understanding regional mechanics of rat myocardia by fitting hyperelastic constitutive models
Authors: Nemavhola Fulufhelo , Ngwangwa Harry , Pandelani Thanyani , Davies Neil , Franz Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Availability of biaxial mechanical data for heart myocardia remains high in demand for the development of accurate and detailed computational models. Lack of accurate mechanical data for myocardia may delay the understanding of heart diseases mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop understanding of the regional difference of wall mechanics using rat heart in the left ventricle (LV), septal wall (STW) and right ventricle (RV). This was achieved by conducting a biaxial test on three rat heart myocardia (i.e LV, RV and STW). To select the best hyperelastic model that may be utilised for the development of computational models of the heart, the Fung, Choi-Vito, Polynomial (Anisotropic), Four-Fiber family, Holzapfel (2000) and Holzapfel (2005) hyperelastic models were selected and fitted on the biaxial data of the LV, RV and STW. Results: The best hyperelastic model was selected based on evaluation index (EI) which utilises the Coefficient of Determination (R2). All the six hyperelastic constitutive models were then compared in all three rat heart myocardia. The results show that the Polynomial (Anisotropic) model outperforms the other five models in all myocardial tissues with EI’s above 90 %. The Four-fiber-family and the two Holzapfel models perform equally in the LV and STW myocardial tissue with EI of 50 and 70 %, respectively. Conclusions: The Fung and Choi-Vito models yielded poor goodness of fit in the LV and STW myocardial tissues. The results presented here will be useful for detailed development of accurate computational models studying mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases.
Clinical Outcomes of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Patients Having Both Pseudocirrhosis and Portal Hypertension with Evident Varices
Authors: Ma Wei-Li , Chang Dwan-Ying , Lin Ching-Hung , Liu Kao-Lang , Liang Po-Chin , Lien Huang-Chun , Hu Chan-Chuan , Huang Ling-Yun , Yeh Yi-Chun , Lu Yen-Shen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Pseudocirrhosis is an imaging finding of malignancies with liver metastasis with or without clinical liver cirrhosis–related complications such as portal hypertension (pHTN). This study compared the outcomes of metastatic breast cancer in patients with imaging-diagnosed pseudocirrhosis with or without pHTN. Methods: The medical records from patients with metastatic breast cancer and pseudocirrhosis between 2005 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical pHTN was defined based on endoscopic evidence of esophageal or gastric varices. Results: Among 106 patients with pseudocirrhosis, 33 (31%) had de novo stage IV disease, and 66 (62%) had hormone receptor (HR)–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancer. In total, 81 (76%) had initial metastases in both hepatic lobes, 91 (86%) had 4 or more liver metastases, and 32 (30%) had pHTN. The median overall survival (OS) was 5 and 13 months in patients with and without pHTN, respectively (p = .002). The median OS in patients with HER2-positive, HR-positive/HER2-negative, and triple-negative breast cancer was 16, 9, and 2 months, respectively (p = .001). Patients with pHTN generally had cirrhotic complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperammonemia, and coagulopathy. Despite their challenging clinical conditions, 7 patients with pHTN had OS exceeding 1 year. In multivariate analysis, pHTN (p = .007) and triple-negative breast cancer (p = .013) were associated with poor OS. Conclusions: For patients with pseudocirrhosis, clinical pHTN was associated with liver cirrhosis–related complications and shorter median OS. A few patients with pHTN had prolonged OS with effective systemic treatment and aggressive supportive care.
Drosophila DAxud1: A New Element in Transcriptional Pausing Complex Stabilization
Authors: Zuñiga-Hernández JM , Meneses C , Bastías M , Allende ML , Glavic Alvaro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA rapid transcriptional response under an acute stimulus is common in all cellular systems and is an adaptation that allows tolerance to environmental changes. A gene group that has been studied because of its fast response and cytoprotective effects are the hsp genes (encodingHeat Shock Proteins(HSPs), conserved chaperones).. Under normal conditions, the mRNA and protein levels of the main hsp genes are low but they increase rapidly upon heat shock (HS). This is achieved due to the presence of an RNA Polymerase II pausing complex located +30-50 bp from TSS. This complex maintains a partially synthesized RNA strand of said length, poised to resume synthesis, and undergoes subsequent transcriptional inactivation to restore transcript levels after environmental stabilization.MethodsThe Gal4/UAS system was used to modify dAxud1 expression in a tissue specific manner. A DAxud1-GFP fusion was expressed in salivary glands to perform polytene chromosome immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation. DAxud1 genome occupancy data was achieved expressing Dam-DAxud1 in imaginal wing discs using Gal4/UAS (TaDa-seq).ResultsUsing TaDa-seq, we demonstrate that DAxud1 protein is present mainly near the TSS of significant occupied genes, most frequently in the first intron. This results also revealed DAxud1 is present in hsp genes, mainly in promoter zone. Following these results, we found that, under dAxud knockdown, larvae and adults flies have a diminished thermotolerance, despite showing an increase in hsp transcripts in larval tissues. We performed polytene chromosome immunofluorescence for DAxud1-GFP, revealing extensive, but dynamic localization on chromatin in hsp70 loci. This was confirmed with chromatin immunoprecipitation. We also found that DAxud1 overexpression leads to an enrichment of RNA Polymerase II at the 5’ end of the hsp70 gene, with a decrease in its transcripts. Importantly, we show interaction of DAxud1 with NELF-B, a component of the transcriptional pausing complex, and knockdown of both genes individually has similar effects on hsp70 transcription.ConclusionDAxud1 protein is a component of chromatin, that relocates under stress conditions such as heat shock, playing a role in maintaining RNA Polymerase II stalled at the 5’ of hsp70, possibly through a pausing mechanism based on its interaction with NELF-B.
Materials From Hazardous Iron Ore Treatment Waste, Concrete Demolition Debris And Lime Production Waste to Increase Environmental Sustainability of Industrial Regions
Authors: Mymrin Vsevolod , Povaluk Ana , Cechin Luana , Avanci Monica A. , Pedroso Cleber L. , Pedroso Daniela E. , Rolim Paulo H.B. , Carvalho Karina Q. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To prevent environment pollution by hazardous industrial dumps of iron ore treatment sludge, concrete production/demolition debris and lime production waste sustainable cement-less construction materials were developed for substitution of traditional natural raw components excavated in careers, irreversibly destroying natural bonds. Their ​​ axial resistance values on the 3rd day of hydration were till 2.34 MPa, on the 28th day - up to 3.94 MPa, on the 180th day 8.40 MPa and on the 365th day 10.22 MPa. The expanding coefficient on the 3rd day were till 2.13%, 2.51% on the 28th day, and on the 365th day 2.22%. Water absorption on the 28th day was 7.17 - 9.32% and decreases to 6.26 - 8.64% on the 90th day. All these characteristics correspond to the Brazilian norms. The physical - chemical processes of materials’ structures formation included alkaline dissociation of solid particles’ surface, with sol appearing and densification till transition to gel. Long-lasting gel compaction and densification to stone-like condition made its structure similar to natural rock materials - silica, opal, obsidian, perlite, pumice, amber, flask, etc. They can be used for production of road bases, concrete blocks and solid unburned bricks, among other sustainable construction materials.
Metabolic-Associated Signature and Hub Genes Associated with Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Guo Yadong , Zheng Zongtai , Mao Shiyu , Yang Fuhan , Wang Ruiliang , Wang Hong , Liu Ji , Li Cheng , Zhang Wentao , Liu Shenghua , Yao Xu-dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between metabolism and immune microenvironment remains to be studied in bladder cancer (BCa). We aimed to construct a metabolic-associated signature for prognostic prediction and investigate its relationship with the immune microenvironment in BCa. Methods: The RNA expression of metabolism associated genes was obtained from a combined data set including The Cancer Genome Atlas, GSE48075, and GSE13507 to divide BCa patients into different clusters. A metabolic-associated signature was constructed using the differentially expressed genes between clusters in the combined TCGA and validated in the IMvigor210 trial and our center. The sensitivity of metabolic-associated signature to chemotherapy and immunotherapy for predicting BCa was assessed. The proportion of 28 subtypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in each BCa sample was assessed using a single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). TST and S100A16 were identified by hub genes screening. Survival analysis and nomograms were used to evaluate the prognosis and predictive value in BCa based on TST and S100A16. The loss of function study further investigated the effects of TST and S100A16 on the biological function and immune microenvironment of BCa cells. Results: BCa patients in high-risk group were associated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor survival outcomes. The percentage of high-risk patients was significantly lower in patients responding to anti-PD-L1 treatment (complete response/partial response). Compared with low-risk patients, the IC50 values of cisplatin and gemcitabine were significantly lower in high-risk patients. ssGSEA revealed that the composition of TIICs including macrophages and regulatory T cells between risk groups. TST and S100A16 were significantly associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Down-regulation of TST promoted BCa cell invasion, migration, and EMT, which are inhibited by down-regulation of S100A16. CD8+T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells had higher infiltration in the TST low-group and the S100A16 high-group. Furthermore, loss of function TST and S100A16 significantly affected the expression of PD-L1 and CD47. Conclusion: The metabolic-associated signature can stratify BCa patients into distinct risk groups with different immunotherapeutic susceptibility and survival outcomes, may contribute to effective individualized treatment. Dysexpression of TST or S100A16 contributes to the tumor progression and dysregulation of immune microenvironment in BCa.
Evaluation of cytogenetic alterations of toxic gas exposed population of Bhopal having chronic kidney disease
Authors: Samarth Ravindra M , Tiwari Rajnarayan , Modi Gopesh , Soni Kishore , Banjare ML , Hasan Sharique Ul , Jain Sanjay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The industrial disaster of Bhopal in 1984 resulted into widespread morbidity and mortality in the vicinity of the industry and required long term surveillance for chronic health effects in those affected by the leakage of gas. Although few cytogenetic studies were undertaken to assess genetic damage in survivors of the disaster, no studies are available on cytogenetic damage of toxic gas exposed population having chronic kidney disease (CKD).Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate cytogenetic alterations in chronic kidney disease patients who wereexposed to leaked gas and to compare it with those who were not exposed to the leaked gas. The cytogenetic alterations were evaluated through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei assay. The study included 608 study participants divided into four groups on the basis of history of exposure to the leaked gas and presence or absence of CKD. The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference in cytogenetic damagebetween gas exposed and non-exposed patients of CKD. However, significantly higher cytogenetic damage was observed among gas exposed participants having CKD as compared to gas exposed participants free from CKD.Thus, to conclude though the cytogenetic alterations were observed in exposed group it cannot be solely attributed to the gas exposure and the role of other confounders must also be studied.