bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors (HNF1 and LXRb) Regulates CYP7A1 in HIV-Infected Black South African Women with Gallstone Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kinoo Suman Mewa , Nagiah Savania , Naidoo Pragalathan , Singh Bhugwan , Chuturgoon Anil A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Female sex, high estrogen levels, aging, obesity and dyslipidemia are some of the risk factors associated with gallstone formation. HIV infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are more prone to hypercholesterolemia. Bile acid synthesis is initiated by cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF1α, HNF4α and LXRb).Aim/ Objective: To evaluate the expression of HNF1α, HNF4α, LXRb and miRNAs (HNF4α specific: miR-194-5p and miR-122*_1) that regulate CYP7A1 transcription in HIV-infected Black South African women on cART and presenting with gallstones relative to HIV negative patients with gallstone disease. Methods: Females (n = 96) presenting with gallstone disease were stratified based on HIV status. The gene expression of CYP7A1, HNF1α, HNF4α, LXRb, miR-194-5p and miR-122*_1 was determined using RT-qPCR. Messenger RNA and miRNA levels were reported as fold change expressed as 2-ΔΔCt (RQ min; RQ max). Fold changes >2 and <0.5 were considered significant. Results: HIV-infected females were older in age (p = 0.0267) and displayed higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p = 0.0419), CYP7A1 [2.078-fold (RQ min: 1.278; RQ max: 3.381)], LXRb [2.595-fold (RQ min: 2.001; RQ max: 3.000)] and HNF1α [3.428 (RQ min: 1.806; RQ max: 6.507] levels. HNF4α [0.642-fold (RQ min: 0.266; RQ max: 1.55)], miR-194-5p [0.527-fold (RQ min: 0.37; RQ max: 0.752)] and miR-122*_1 [0.595-fold (RQ min: 0.332; RQ max: 1.066)] levels were lower in HIV-infected females. Conclusions: HIV-infected women with gallstone disease displayed higher LDL-c levels and increased bile acid synthesis which was evident by the elevated expression of CYP7A1, HNF1α and LXRb. This could have been further influenced by cART and aging.
Study on the Effect of Removing the Slide Wire Screw on Locking Plate by Nail Groove Reconstruction Method
Authors: Zheng Guanglei , Qi Yingjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper is to describe and evaluate the nail groove reconstruction method in removing slide wire screw on locking plate. Then compare the method with tungsten steel drilling nail method, to explore a new method of removing slide wire screw on locking plate.Method: A total of 1254 patients with removal fracture internal fixation devices were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from July 2015 to September 2021, of which 62 cases met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. 31 people per group. There were 19 males and 12 females in the experimental group, the age of patients was 35.68±11.70years; while 18 males and 13 females in the control group, the age of patients was 36.27±10.37years. Nail groove reconstruction method was used in the experimental group, and the tungsten steel drilling nail method was used in the control group. Collect and count surgical-related indicators, the data of two groups were compared and analyzed from four aspects: intraoperative blood loss, operation time, incision healing time and limb function recovery time.Result: All slide wire screws were removed successfully, and all patients had no serious postoperative complications such as internal fixation retention and neurovascular injury. The experimental group was better than the control group in the following three aspects: the amount of intraoperative blood loss, the operative time, the recovery time of limb function, and the differences were statistically significant(p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in incision healing time between the two groups.Conclusion: The nail groove reconstruction method has less damage to the bone and soft tissue, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter operation time, and faster postoperative recovery of limb function. The nail groove reconstruction method is a simple and effective method, it has obvious advantages compared with the traditional method.
Usability and Acceptability of Oral Fluid Hepatitis C Self-testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Coastal Kenya: a Cross-sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Reipold Elena Ivanova , Fajardo Emmanuel , Juma Emily , Bukusi David , Aza Elkin Bermudez , Jamil Muhammad S. , Johnson Cheryl Case , Farquhar Carey , Easterbrook Philippa , Monroe-Wise Aliza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionally affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and many remain undiagnosed. HCV self-testing (HCVST) may be an effective approach to increase testing uptake, but has rarely been used among PWID. We assessed the usability and acceptability of HCVST among PWID in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort study between August and December 2020 on Kenya’s North Coast region. Participants were handed a prototype oral fluid HCVST kit and asked to conduct the test relying on the instructions for use. Usability was assessed by documenting errors made and difficulties faced by participants. Acceptability was assessed using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Among 150 participants, 19% were female and 65.3% had primary level education or lower. 71.3% made at least one error, 56.7% experienced some difficulty during at least one step, and the majority of participants (78%) required assistance during at least one step of the procedure. Most common errors occurred when placing the tube into the stand (18%), collecting the oral fluid sample (24%) and timing of reading results (53%). There was a strong association between presence of symptoms of opiate withdrawals and observed errors (94% vs 62%; p=0.016) in a sub-group of 74 participants assessed. Inter-reader and inter-operator concordance were 97.7% (kappa: 0.92) and 99.2% (kappa: 0.95), respectively. Acceptability assessed by asking whether participants would choose to use HCVST prior to and after conducting HCVST was 98% and 95%, respectively. Conclusions: We found a high acceptability of oral fluid HCVST among PWID. User errors were common and were associated with the presence of withdrawal symptoms among users. Despite errors, most participants were able to obtain and interpret results correctly. These findings suggest that this group of users may benefit from greater messaging and education including options to receive direct assistance when self-testing for HCV.
Midwives’ Survey of Their Weight Management Practice Before and After the GLOWING Guideline Implementation Intervention: A Pilot Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Heslehurst Nicola , McParlin Catherine , Sniehotta Falko F , Rankin Judith , McColl Elaine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Weight management is a priority for maternity services due to pregnancy risks and long-term health implications for women and babies. Pregnancy interventions significantly improve maternal diet, physical activity, weight, and some pregnancy outcomes. There are complex barriers, underpinned by self-efficacy, to midwives’ implementation of UK guidelines. The GLOWING intervention uses social cognitive theory (SCT) to address evidence-based barriers to practice, with the aim of supporting midwives’ implementation of guidelines into routine practice.Methods: An external rehearsal pilot cluster randomised controlled trial in four NHS Trusts (clusters) in England, UK. Clusters were randomised to intervention arm where all eligible midwives received the intervention, or control arm which received no intervention. A random sample of 100 midwives were invited to complete questionnaires pre- and post-intervention. UK guideline recommendations were grouped into communication-related behaviours (weight and risk communication) and support/intervention-related behaviours (diet/nutrition, physical activity, weight management, referrals/signposting). Questionnaires were developed using SCT constructs (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, intentions, behaviours) and 7-point Likert scale. Data were converted to a 0-100 scale, where higher scores were more positive. Descriptive statistics compared intervention and control arms, pre- and post-intervention.Results: Seventy-four midwives consented and 68 returned questionnaires. Pre-intervention, self-efficacy for support/intervention-related behaviours scored lowest. In the control arm, there was limited difference between the pre- and post-intervention scores. Post-intervention, the mean scores were consistently higher in the intervention than control arm, particularly for support/intervention self-efficacy (71.4, SD 17.1 and 58.4, SD 20.1). Mean self-efficacy was higher post-intervention than pre-intervention for all behaviour categories in the intervention arm: weight communication (76.3, SD 16.7 vs. 67.2, SD 21.1), risk communication (79.4, SD 16.4, vs. 68.6, SD 14.9), diet/nutrition/physical activity (76.4, SD 16.0 vs. 49.3, SD 16.5), weight management (72.1, SD 18.3 vs. 48.3, SD 19.8), referrals/signposting (63.3, SD 26.0 vs. 47.9, SD 17.3), and consistently higher than controls.Conclusions: This study supports the theoretical models used to develop GLOWING, particularly that low self-efficacy is core to implementation barriers. Results suggest that the intervention is successfully targeting self-efficacy, which could have a positive impact on guideline implementation. A future definitive trial is required to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Trial registration: ISRCTN46869894, retrospectively registered 25/05/2016, http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN46869894
Quantitative Characterization of Bamboo Cortex’structure Based on X-ray Microtomography
Authors: Wang Xianke , Chen Lin , Huang Bin , Yuan Jin , Shang Lili , Zhang Shuqin , Chen Meiling , Fang Changhua , Fei Benhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bamboo is a natural fiber composite with layered structure. Millions of years of evolution have endowed bamboo with the most effective structure in nature. The ingenious microstructure provides bamboo with excellent mechanical properties. Bamboo culm is composed of the cortex, a middle layer, and a pith ring. The cortex refers to the area starting from the periphery of the culm wall to the vascular bundles. The present study obtained the two-dimensional microstructure of bamboo cortex cells by optical microscopy and characterized the three-dimensional structure through high-resolution X-ray microtomography (µCT). Based on the analysis, the bamboo cortex cells were classified into four layers: epidermis layer, hypodermis layer, transitional layer, and parenchyma layer. The average pore volume of the bamboo cortex was about 1.54×10-6 mm3, the porosity was 36.1%, and the relative density was 0.639. The epidermis layer, hypodermis layer, transition layer, and parenchyma layer cells had a cell cavity volume of 917.81 µm3, 714.22 µm3, 1258.19 µm3, and 3117.65 µm3, respectively, an average length3d (L) of 19.38 µm, 25.84 µm, 26.46 µm, and 34.88 µm, respectively, an average breadth3d (W) of 14.11 µm, 9.44 µm, 15.22 µm, and 16.6 µm, respectively, and sphericity of 0.85, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively. Studies on bamboo anatomical structure, especially three-dimensional digital characterization, will enrich the bamboo microstructure database. Besides, the three-dimensional structure of the bamboo cortex revealed in this study can provide a reference for optimizing composite material hierarchy and biomimetic design.
PolyMyalgia Rheumatica Treatment With Methotrexate in Optimal Dose in an Early Disease Phase (PMR MODE): Study Protocol for a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial.
Authors: Bolhuis Thomas , Marsman Diane E. , Broeder Nathan den , Broeder Alfons A. den , Maas Aatke van der 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting people older than 50, resulting in pain and stiffness of the neck, shoulder-, and pelvic girdle. To date, glucocorticoids (GC) remain the cornerstone of treatment, but these have several drawbacks. Firstly, a large proportion of patients do not achieve GC-free remission within either the first (over 70%) or second year of treatment (over 50%). Secondly, GC-related adverse events (AE) occur in up to 65% of patients and can be severe.The current EULAR/ACR guidelines for PMR recommend early introduction of methotrexate (MTX) as a GC sparing agent in patients at risk for worse prognosis. However, earlier trials of low to medium quality only studied MTX dosages of 7.5–10 mg/week with no to modest effect. These doses may be suboptimal as MTX is recommended in higher doses (25 mg/week) for other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The exact role, timing and dose of MTX in PMR remains unclear and therefore our objective is to study the efficacy of MTX 25 mg/week in recently diagnosed PMR patients. MethodsWe set up a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled superiority trial (PMR MODE) to assess the efficacy of MTX 25 mg/week versus placebo in a 1:1 ratio in 100 recently diagnosed PMR patients according to the 2012 EULAR/ACR criteria. All patients will receive prednisolone 15mg/day, tapered to 0 mg over the course of 24 weeks. In case of primary non-response or disease relapse prednisolone dose will be temporarily increased. Assessments will take place at baseline, 4, 12, 24, 32, and 52 weeks. The primary outcome is the difference in proportion of patients in GC-free remission at week 52. DiscussionNo relapsing PMR patients were chosen, since the the possible benefits of MTX may not outweigh the risks at low doses and effect modification may occur. Accelerated tapering was chosen in order to more easily identify a GC-sparing effect if one exist. A composite endpoint of GC-free remission was chosen as a clinically relevant endpoint for both patients and rheumatologist and may reduce second order (treatment) effects. Trial registrationDutch trial registration, NL8366 Registered on 2020-02-10
Minimum transport-driven algorithm for water distribution network partitioning
Authors: Creaco Enrico , Zheng Feifei , Pezzinga Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel algorithm driven by the minimization of the transport function for the partitioning of water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). The algorithm is based on the linear programming (LP) embedded inside a multi-objective genetic algorithm, which enables engineering criteria, such as the minimization of the boundary pipes and the maximization of the uniformity of DMAs, to be considered in the partitioning. Furthermore, the application of the algorithm on the dual network topology based on segments and valves guarantees that configurations of DMAs that respect the real positions of isolation valves for WDN partitioning are obtained. After being described on a small WDN, it is successfully validated on a large size WDN, proving better performance than other algorithms in the scientific literature for the generation of engineeringly appealing DMA configurations, with almost identical hydraulic performance to the unpartitioned WDN.
Explaining Adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics Screen Time Recommendations With Caregiver Awareness and Parental Motivation Factors: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lammers Shea M , Woods Rebecca J , Brotherson Sean E , Deal James E , Platt Carrie Anne 
Published: December 2021

Background
With the increasing integration of technology into society, it is advisable that researchers explore the effects of repeated digital media exposure on our most vulnerable population—infants. Excessive screen time during infancy has been linked to delays in language, literacy, and self-regulation.

Objective
This study explores the awareness of and adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations related to avoiding screen time for infants younger than 2 years and the motivational factors associated with screen time exposure.

Methods
A mixed methods survey design was used to gather responses from 178 mothers of infants younger than 2 years. The measures included infant screen time use and duration, maternal awareness of screen time use recommendations, and motivations related to screen time exposure. A variety of statistical procedures were used to explore associations between caregiver awareness of and adherence to AAP guidelines for screen time exposure, motivations related to screen time for infants, and the duration of infant screen time exposure.

Results
The results indicated that 62.2% (111/178) of mothers were aware of the AAP screen time recommendations, but only 46.1% (82/178) could cite them accurately, and most mothers learned of them via the internet or from a medical professional. Mothers who were aware of the guidelines allowed significantly less screen time for infants than those who were unaware (P=.03). In addition, parents who adhered to the AAP guidelines reported significantly less infant screen time per day than those who did not adhere (P<.001). Among mothers who reported not adhering to the guidelines, the greatest motivation for allowing screen time was perceived educational benefits. Less educated mothers rated an infant’s relaxation as a motivational factor in allowing screen time significantly higher than more highly educated mothers (P=.048). The regression analysis indicated that none of the parental motivation factors predicted daily infant screen time.

Conclusions
These results indicate 2 key approaches to improving adherence to screen time recommendations. First, the awareness of the AAP recommendations needs to be increased, which tends to improve adherence. Second, the myth that screen time can be educational for infants needs to be dispelled.
CARNIVALIZATION IN DANARTO’S ASMARALOKA: A STUDY OF BAKHTINIAN DIALOGISM
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Sri , Puspitarini Herning 
Published: December 2021

Asmaraloka, a novel written by Danarto, is a non-realistic novel that contains many voices, ideas, discourses, and thoughts that construct the carnivalesque elements in the novel. Within the context of diversity and various phenomena in the world, the carnivalization of the story shapes the behaviors and the identities of the characters in it.Drawing on this idea, this study aims to reveal the internal and external elements that contribute to the carnivalization of Asmaraloka. The novel’s text is examined qualitatively using Bakhtinian dialogism and a sociological approach to dialogic behavior for the purpose of understanding the complete construction of meanings as the reflection of the author’s world view.The study finds that there are two categories of carnivalesque elements in Asmaraloka, namely the external and internal elements of carnival. The external carnivalization of the story creates the non-realistic world in it in relation to other texts that contribute to the diversity of ideas/ meanings in the novel. The internal carnivalization of the story generates the following structural aspects: (1) the battlefield as a means of carnival performance, (2) the occurrence of an abnormal human relationship between the characters, (3) the carnivalesque phenomena that are constructed in the story through the dialogues between peace and chaos and between obedience and denial, and (4) the effects of carnivalesque behaviors on the characters’ personality. Asmaraloka merupakan novel nonrealis karya Danarto yang berisi banyak suara, gagasan, wacana, dan pemikiran yang membentuk unsur-unsur karnival di dalamnya. Dalam konteks keberagaman dan berbagai fenomena di dunia, karnivalisasi karya sastra merupakan hal yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan pembentukan jati diri para tokoh dalam cerita.Berkaitan dengan gagasan di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap karnivalisasi teks Asmaraloka baik yang bersifat internal maupun yang eksternal dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan karakter dari tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Asmaraloka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan dialogisme Bakhtin dan pendekatan sosiologis pada perilaku dialogis untuk memahami jalinan makna utuh sebagai pandangan dunia pengarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya unsur karnival eksternal dan internal yang membangun cerita.Karnivalisasi eksternal membentuk dunia nonrealis dari cerita dan berkaitan dengan teks-teks lain yang berperan membangun keragaman makna dalam Asmaraloka. Karnivalisasi internal cerita mengungkap adanya aspek-aspek berikut ini: (1) medan pertempuran sebagai sarana pertunjukkan, (2) hubungan manusia yang tidak normal yang terjadi antar tokoh, (3) fenomena-fenomena karnivalistik yang terbangun melalui interaksi antara kedamaian dan kekacauan dan juga antara ketaatan dan pengingkaran, dan (4) unsur-unsur karnival yang merupakan dialog antara gagasan pengarang dan fenomena-fenomena sosial di masyarakat.
STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS AGAINTS TOXICITY OF DRUGS
Authors: MAHANI  , GREGORIUS A O B  , ENDAH WULANDARI  , AHMAD SULAEMAN  , HARDINSYAH  , NUNUNG NURJANAH  
Published: December 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stingless bee propolis supplementation as a hepatoprotector on the prevention of DILI and the effect of healing and restoring nutrition for DILI patients due to drug induction.
Methods: The literature review starts from problem identification, library data collection, reading, taking notes, analyzing, and processing the data obtained and then compiling it into a systematic review
Results: The results of a literature study conducted show that propolis has a good hepatoprotective ability against drugs that cause DILI cases such as the anti-tuberculosis, antibiotic and antipyretic groups as indicated by the SGPT, SGOT, BT, GSH, and SOD values that are close to normal values. In addition, propolis supplementation can accelerate the healing and restoration of the nutritional status of DILI patients. All active compounds contained in propolis such as phytochemicals and lipopolysaccharides work to protect the liver from the toxic effects of DILI through antioxidant mechanisms.
Conclusion: Overall, the data from this literature study show that the hepatoprotective activity of propolis has the potential to complement drug therapy to reduce hepatotoxic effects and can conclusively beneficial to accelerate the restoration of nutritional status for DILI patients.
Impacto de corto y mediano plazo del COVID-19 en la economía dominicana: un análisis de oferta y demanda agregada
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Alexis 
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es ilustrar el impacto económico de la pandemia COVID-19 en la economía dominicana. Para ello, se desarrolla un modelo de OA y DA, para el mediano plazo, y un modelo IS-RM para el corto plazo, dentro del marco de la nueva economía keynesiana con la política monetaria siguiendo una regla de Taylor y la oferta agregada se modela a partir de la curva de Phillips. El análisis indica que, tanto en el corto como en el mediano plazo, el impacto del coronavirus se traduce en pérdidas en el nivel de producción, mayores niveles de desempleo y depreciación del tipo de cambio real. Las expectativas de los consumidores y de los empresarios juegan un papel importante.