bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and bone health
Authors: Dong Hongbo , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Cheng Hong , Mi Jie 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceChildhood and adolescence are critical periods for lifelong bone mineral accrual, but few studies have determined the impact of childhood adiposity on adult bone density.ObjectiveTo determine the long‐term impact of childhood adiposity on adult areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and the effect of adult adiposity on this relationship.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 1156 adults (56.3% men), for whom skinfold thickness (SFT) had been measured during childhood (6–18 years) and fat mass percentage (FMP) and aBMD were measured during adulthood (29–43 years). Adult aBMD in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), arms, and legs was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The direct effect of childhood SFT and its indirect effect through adult FMP on adult aBMD were estimated using general linear regression and a causal steps approach.ResultsSignificant positive associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD were found in the LS in men (β = 0.089, P = 0.044) and in all the skeletal sites in women. With respect to the adult fat–bone relationship, high adult FMP was associated with low aBMD in most of the sites in men, but with high FN aBMD in women (β = 0.144, P = 0.002). Moreover, suppressive effects of adult FMP on the associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD in the LS (−34.8%) and legs (−67.1%) of men, and a positive effect on the FN aBMD in women (17.0%) were identified.InterpretationChildhood adiposity appears to have a positive long‐term effect on adult aBMD, which may be reduced by adiposity in adult men but reinforced by adiposity in adult women.
A pediatrician‐friendly review of three common behavioral health screeners in pediatric practice: Findings and recommendations
Authors: Trafalis Sandra , Giannini Courtney , Joves Jeremy , Portera Saige , Toyama Hannah , Mehta Anika , Basile Krista , Friedberg Robert D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBehavioral health concerns are surging in pediatric practices. Fortunately, integrated behavioral/medical health clinics are growing and child psychiatrists/psychologists are increasingly embedded in these care settings to help shoulder the clinical load. Routine screening of behavioral health problems in primary care facilities enables early identification and treatment. However, deciding on sound, efficient, and scalable screening measures is sometimes arduous. Accordingly, this article presents a clinician‐friendly review of three common instruments useful in screening pediatric behavioral health concerns including anxiety, depression, and conduct problems. Psychometric findings and clinical applications of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist‐17 (PSC‐17), the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) are delineated. Finally, clinical implications and recommendations for practicing pediatricians and child psychiatrists are offered.
The impact of body weight trajectory from childhood on chronic inflammation in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Yan Yinkun , Li Shengxu , Liu Yang , Bazzano Lydia , He Jiang , Mi Jie , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe impact of long‐term burden of excessive body weight, beginning in childhood, on inflammatory status in adulthood has been poorly described.ObjectiveTo characterize the longitudinal body mass index (BMI) trajectory from childhood and examine its relationship with inflammatory status in adulthood.MethodsWe included 1285 adults who had 4–15 repeat measurements of BMI from childhood to adulthood. The area under the curve (AUC) of growth curves was calculated to characterize long‐term burden (total AUC) and trends (incremental AUC) of BMI.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, higher values of BMI in terms of childhood and adulthood, as well as total and incremental AUC, were strongly associated with elevated levels of adult C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the four race‐sex groups. There were significant differences in linear and nonlinear curve parameters between the normal and high CRP groups for all race‐sex groups (P < 0.01). Compared with participants who had consistently low BMI in both childhood and adulthood, participants with high BMI in adulthood had higher CRP levels (P < 0.001), irrespective of their childhood BMI status; participants with high BMI in childhood but low BMI in adulthood had similar adult CRP levels.InterpretationThe impact of excessive body weight on inflammation is cumulative and exacerbated over time. The influence of childhood overweight/obesity on inflammatory status in adulthood can be alleviated by reducing adiposity in adulthood.
Pharmacokinetic variability of factor VIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A
Authors: Chen Zhenping , Huang Kun , Li Gang , Zhen Yingzi , Wu Xinyi , Di Ai , Liu Guoqing , Li Zekun , Alfonso Iorio , Wu Runhui 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe use of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates under pharmacokinetic (PK) guidance has become the main approach for treatment of hemophilia. However, limited PK research has been conducted in Chinese pediatric patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the PK parameters of various FVIII concentrates in Chinese pediatric patients.MethodsSeventy‐nine patients were enrolled (28 treated with Kogenate FS®, 23 treated with Advate ®, and 28 treated with GreenMono™). All enrolled patients participated in single‐dose PK analysis after at least a 3‐day washout period. Blood samples were collected predose, as well as at 1 h, 9 h, 24 h, and 48 h after infusion; FVIII levels were measured using a one‐stage clotting assay. von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWF:Ag) levels and blood types were also determined. PK parameters were evaluated by WAPPS‐Hemo.ResultsMean values of terminal elimination half‐life time (t1/2) for the Kogenate FS®, Advate®, and GreenMono™ FVIII groups were 12.24 h, 10.18 h, and 9.62 h; median clearance values were 4.16, 6.23, and 5.11 mL·kg−1·h−1; and median in vivo recovery values were 1.97, 1.55, and 1.61 IU/dL per IU/kg. Longer t1/2, higher in vivo recovery, and lower clearance were observed in patients with higher VWF:Ag level who were treated with recombinant concentrates.InterpretationChinese pediatric patients with hemophilia had FVIII PK characteristics similar to those previously observed in non‐Chinese children, including large variation among individuals. VWF:Ag level and FVIII brand were associated with differences in FVIII PK. Thus, PK‐guided dosing should be used to optimize individualized therapy in Chinese children.
Bridging the gap: Can International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement standard sets align outcomes accepted for regulatory and health technology assessment decision‐making of oncology medicines
Authors: Kalf Rachel R. J. , Vreman Rick A. , Delnoij Diana M.J. , Bouvy Marcel L. , Goettsch Wim G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStandard outcome sets developed by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) facilitate value‐based health care in healthcare practice and have gained traction from regulators and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies that regularly assess the value of new medicines. We aimed to assess the extent to which the outcomes used by regulators and HTA agencies are patient‐relevant, by comparing these to ICHOM standard sets. We conducted a cross‐sectional comparative analysis of ICHOM standard sets, and publicly available regulatory and HTA assessment guidelines. We focused on oncology due to many new medicines being developed, which are accompanied by substantial uncertainty regarding the relevance of these treatments for patients. A comparison of regulatory and HTA assessment guidelines, and ICHOM standard sets showed that both ICHOM and regulators stress the importance of disease‐specific outcomes. On the other hand, HTA agencies have a stronger focus on generic outcomes in order to allow comparisons across disease areas. Overall, similar outcomes are relevant for market access, reimbursement, and in ICHOM standard sets. However, some differences are apparent, such as the acceptability of intermediate outcomes. These are recommended in ICHOM standard sets, but regulators are more likely to accept intermediate outcomes than HTA agencies. A greater level of alignment in outcomes accepted may enhance the efficiency of regulatory and HTA processes, and increase timely access to new medicines. ICHOM standard sets may help align these outcomes. However, some differences in outcomes used may remain due to the different purposes of regulatory and HTA decision‐making.
Periodic dynamics of multidirectional associative neural networks with discontinuous activation functions and mixed time delays
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qiao Yuanhua , Duan Lijuan , Miao Jun , Zhang Jiajia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultidirectional associative memory neural networks (MAMNNs) are constructed to simulate the many‐to‐many association, and they are applied widely in many fields. It is important to explore the global stability of the periodic solution of MAMNNs. In this paper, MAMNNs with discontinuous activation functions and mixed time‐varying delays are considered. Firstly, we investigate the conditions for the existence of the periodic solution by using the Mawhin‐like coincidence theorem, and a special connecting weight matrix is constructed to prove the existence of the periodic solution. Secondly, the uniqueness and global exponential stability of the periodic solution are explored for the non‐self‐connected system by introducing a Lipschitz‐like condition. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our main results.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as a Potential Magnetic Nanocarrier and MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Sadighian Somayeh , Bayat Nahid , Najaflou Sahar , Kermanian Mehraneh , Hamidi Mehrdad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, graphene oxide/ magnetite (GO/Fe3O4) nanocomposite was synthesized as a carrier and MRI contrast agent. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the crystalline structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) provided evidence for the presence of Fe3O4 and GO in the nanocomposite. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties of the synthesized nanocomposite was studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the curcumin were 22 and 96 %, respectively. The comparison between drug release from GO/Fe3O4 in neutral and acidic pH was shown high release in neutral conditions. MTT results demonstrated that the GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite illustrates considerable toxicity due to which cell viability decreased to lower than 50 % at 140 μg ml−1 concentration. The results showed that curcumin and curcumin loaded nanocomposite has a similar power of antioxidant activities. GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite is a good magnetic resonance T2 contrast agent under the T2‐imaging sequences. The novelty of this study is the application of water‐dispersed GO/Fe3O4 with pH‐dependent release properties for designing a new colon drug delivery.
Graphene Nanosphere as Advanced Electrode Material to Promote High Performance Symmetrical Supercapacitor
Authors: Yan Zaoxue , Gao Zhihong , Zhang Zongyao , Dai Chengjing , Wei Wei , Shen Pei Kang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo get carbon electrode with both excellent gravimetric and volumetric capacitances at high mass loadings is critical to supercapacitors. Herein, cracked defective graphene nanospheres (GNS) well meet above requirements. The morphology and structure of the GNS are controlled by polystyrene sphere template/glucose ratio, microwave heating time, and Fe content. The typical GNS with specific surface area of 2794 m2 g−1, pore volume of 1.48 cm3 g−1, and packing density of 0.74 g cm−3 performs high gravimetric and volumetric capacitances of 529 F g−1 and 392 F cm−3 at 1A g−1 with a capacitance retention of 62.5% at 100 A g−1 in a three‐electrode system in 6 mol L−1 KOH aqueous electrolyte. In a two‐electrode system, the GNS possesses energy density of 18.6 Wh kg−1 (13.8 Wh L−1) at the power density of 504 W kg−1, which is higher than all reported pure carbon materials in gravimetric energy density and higher than all reported heteroatom‐doped carbon materials in volumetric energy density, in aqueous solution, as far as it is known. A structural feature of carbon materials that possess both high energy density and high power density is pointed out here.
High‐fat diet exacerbates lead‐induced blood–brain barrier disruption by disrupting tight junction integrity
Authors: Li Chao , Shi Liang , Wang Yuanbo , Peng Cheng , Wu Lei , Zhang Yanshu , Du Zhongjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnvironmental exposure to lead (Pb) can damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. High‐fat diet (HFD) also has been suggested to impair neurocognitive function. Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of CNS. The damage of BBB caused by tight junctions (TJs) disruption is central to the etiology of various CNS disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether HFD could exacerbate Pb exposure induced the destruction of BBB integrity by TJs disruption. To this end, we measured cell viability assay, trans‐endothelial electrical resistance assay, horseradish peroxidase flux measurement, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence experiments. The results showed that palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid found in the human body, can increase the permeability of the BBB in vitro which formed in bEnd.3 cells induced by Pb exposure, and decrease the expression of TJs, such as zonula occludins‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin. Besides, we found that PA could promote the up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 expression and activate the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway induced by Pb. MMP‐9 inhibitor or JNK inhibitor could increase BBB integrity and up‐regulate the expressions of ZO‐1 and occludin after treatment, respectively. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor could down‐regulate the expression of MMP‐9. In conclusion, these results suggested that HFD exacerbates Pb‐induced BBB disruption by disrupting TJs integrity. This may be because PA promotes the activation of JNK pathway and then up‐regulated the expression of MMP‐9 after Pb‐exposure. It is suggested that people with HFD exposed to environmental Pb may cause more serious damage to the CNS.
Creating Superposition: Stern–Gerlach
Authors: Hughes Ciaran , Isaacson Joshua , Perry Anastasia , Sun Ranbel F. , Turner Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the previous chapter, we have seen that a photon in an interferometer can be a prototype for a qubit. Might there be any other prototypes for a qubit arising from other particles that we might know? In fact, an electron is another prototype for a qubit. An electron has many measurable properties such as energy, mass, momentum. But, for the purposes of creating a qubit, we want to focus on a property with only two measurable values. An electron has a two-state property which is called spin.
Generalized Bounded Linear Logic and its Categorical Semantics
Authors: Fukihara Yōji , Katsumata Shin-ya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce a generalization of Girard et al.’s called (and its affine variant ). It is designed to capture the core mechanism of dependency in , while it is also able to separate complexity aspects of . The main feature of is to adopt a multi-object pseudo-semiring as a grading system of the !-modality. We analyze the complexity of cut-elimination in , and give a translation from with constraints to with positivity axiom. We then introduce indexed linear exponential comonads (ILEC for short) as a categorical structure for interpreting the $${!}$$
!
-modality of . We give an elementary example of ILEC using folding product, and a technique to modify ILECs with symmetric monoidal comonads. We then consider a semantics of using the folding product on the category of assemblies of a BCI-algebra, and relate the semantics with the realizability category studied by Hofmann, Scott and Dal Lago.
Adjoint Reactive GUI Programming
Authors: Graulund Christian Uldal , Szamozvancev Dmitrij , Krishnaswami Neel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost interaction with a computer is via graphical user interfaces. These are traditionally implemented imperatively, using shared mutable state and callbacks. This is efficient, but is also difficult to reason about and error prone. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) provides an elegant alternative which allows GUIs to be designed in a declarative fashion. However, most FRP languages are synchronous and continually check for new data. This means that an FRP-style GUI will “wake up” on each program cycle. This is problematic for applications like text editors and browsers, where often nothing happens for extended periods of time, and we want the implementation to sleep until new data arrives. In this paper, we present an asynchronous FRP language for designing GUIs called $$\lambda _{\mathsf {Widget}}$$

λ
Widget

. Our language provides a novel semantics for widgets, the building block of GUIs, which offers both a natural Curry–Howard logical interpretation and an efficient implementation strategy.
A General Semantic Construction of Dependent Refinement Type Systems, Categorically
Authors: Kura Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDependent refinement types are types equipped with predicates that specify preconditions and postconditions of underlying functional languages. We propose a general semantic construction of dependent refinement type systems from underlying type systems and predicate logic, that is, a construction of liftings of closed comprehension categories from given (underlying) closed comprehension categories and posetal fibrations for predicate logic. We give sufficient conditions to lift structures such as dependent products, dependent sums, computational effects, and recursion from the underlying type systems to dependent refinement type systems. We demonstrate the usage of our construction by giving semantics to a dependent refinement type system and proving soundness.
A Quantified Coalgebraic van Benthem Theorem
Authors: Wild Paul , Schröder Lutz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe classical van Benthem theorem characterizes modal logic as the bisimulation-invariant fragment of first-order logic; put differently, modal logic is as expressive as full first-order logic on bisimulation-invariant properties. This result has recently been extended to two flavours of quantitative modal logic, viz. fuzzy modal logic and probabilistic modal logic. In both cases, the quantitative van Benthem theorem states that every formula in the respective quantitative variant of first-order logic that is bisimulation-invariant, in the sense of being nonexpansive w.r.t. behavioural distance, can be approximated by quantitative modal formulae of bounded rank. In the present paper, we unify and generalize these results in three directions: We lift them to full coalgebraic generality, thus covering a wide range of system types including, besides fuzzy and probabilistic transition systems as in the existing examples, e.g. also metric transition systems; and we generalize from real-valued to quantale-valued behavioural distances, e.g. nondeterministic behavioural distances on metric transition systems; and we remove the symmetry assumption on behavioural distances, thus covering also quantitative notions of simulation.
Finding Cut-Offs in Leaderless Rendez-Vous Protocols is Easy
Authors: Balasubramanian A. R. , Esparza Javier , Raskin Mikhail 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn rendez-vous protocols an arbitrarily large number of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact in pairs. The cut-off problem asks if there exists a number B such that all initial configurations of the protocol with at least B agents in a given initial state can reach a final configuration with all agents in a given final state. In a recent paper [17], Horn and Sangnier prove that the cut-off problem is equivalent to the Petri net reachability problem for protocols with a leader, and in

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for leaderless protocols. Further, for the special class of symmetric protocols they reduce these bounds to

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and

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, respectively. The problem of lowering these upper bounds or finding matching lower bounds is left open. We show that the cut-off problem is

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-complete for leaderless protocols,

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-complete for symmetric protocols with a leader, and in

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for leaderless symmetric protocols, thereby solving all the problems left open in [17].
dtControl 2.0: Explainable Strategy Representation via Decision Tree Learning Steered by Experts
Authors: Ashok Pranav , Jackermeier Mathias , Křetínský Jan , Weinhuber Christoph , Weininger Maximilian , Yadav Mayank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advances have shown how decision trees are apt data structures for concisely representing strategies (or controllers) satisfying various objectives. Moreover, they also make the strategy more explainable. The recent tool had provided pipelines with tools supporting strategy synthesis for hybrid systems, such as and . We present , a new version with several fundamentally novel features. Most importantly, the user can now provide domain knowledge to be exploited in the decision tree learning process and can also interactively steer the process based on the dynamically provided information. To this end, we also provide a graphical user interface. It allows for inspection and re-computation of parts of the result, suggesting as well as receiving advice on predicates, and visual simulation of the decision-making process. Besides, we interface model checkers of probabilistic systems, namely and and provide dedicated support for categorical enumeration-type state variables. Consequently, the controllers are more explainable and smaller.
RTLola on Board: Testing Real Driving Emissions on your Phone
Authors: Biewer Sebastian , Finkbeiner Bernd , Hermanns Holger , Köhl Maximilian A. , Schnitzer Yannik , Schwenger Maximilian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is about shipping runtime verification to the masses. It presents the crucial technology enabling everyday car owners to monitor the behaviour of their cars in-the-wild. Concretely, we present an Android app that deploys rtlola runtime monitors for the purpose of diagnosing automotive exhaust emissions. For this, it harvests the availability of cheap bluetooth adapters to the On-Board-Diagnostics (obd) ports, which are ubiquitous in cars nowadays. We detail its use in the context of Real Driving Emissions (rde) tests and report on sample runs that helped identify violations of the regulatory framework currently valid in the European Union.