bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in physical activity levels and relationship to balance performance, gait speed, and self-rated health in older Swedish women: a longitudinal study
Authors: Papp Marian E. , Grahn-Kronhed Ann Charlotte , Rauch Lundin Hans , Salminen Helena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimPhysical activity levels in older people often decrease and may mean impaired physical functioning leading to an increased fall risk. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported change in physical activity dose and deterioration in balance performance, gait speed, and self-rated health (SRH) in older women between two time points in a follow-up study.MethodsA cohort of community-living women, aged 69–79 years (n = 351) were evaluated by questionnaire and clinical tests on balance, gait speed, and SRH at baseline. One hundred and eighty-six women were followed-up by these tests 8.5 years after inclusion. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–WhitneyUtest were used for the analysis.ResultsThe greatest changes were seen in one-leg standing time (OLST) with eyes closed (− 60%) and eyes open (− 42%). The population was divided into high exercise (HE,n = 49) and low exercise (LE,n = 51) groups. At baseline the HE group had an OLST of 19 s with eyes open and 3 s with eyes closed. In the LE group, these values were 7.3 s and 2 s. At follow-up, differences between HE and LE concerning tandem walk forwards (steps) (HE = 8.5; LE = 2.5) and backwards (HE = 11; LE = 3.5) emerged. The HE group estimated SRH (VAS-scale) 30 mm higher at baseline and 17 mm higher at follow-up than the LE group.ConclusionGreater physical activity seems to be an important predictor for maintaining physical function and SRH in older women.
Decision making framework for autonomous vehicles driving behavior in complex scenarios via hierarchical state machine
Authors: Wang Xuanyu , Qi Xudong , Wang Ping , Yang Jingwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the development of autonomous car, a vehicle is capable to sense its environment more precisely. That allows improved drving behavior decision strategy to be used for more safety and effectiveness in complex scenarios. In this paper, a decision making framework based on hierarchical state machine is proposed with a top-down structure of three-layer finite state machine decision system. The upper layer classifies the driving scenario based on relative position of the vehicle and its surrounding vehicles. The middle layer judges the optimal driving behavior according to the improved energy efficiency function targeted at multiple criteria including driving efficiency, safety and the grid-based lane vacancy rate. The lower layer constructs the state transition matrix combined with the calculation results of the previous layer to predict the optimal pass way in the region. The simulation results show that the proposed driving strategy can integrate multiple criteria to evaluate the energy efficiency value of vehicle behavior in real time, and realize the selection of optimal vehicle driving strategy. With popularity of automatic vehicles in future, the driving strategy can be used as a reference to provide assistance for human drive or even the real-time decision-making of autonomous driving.
Resilience through Synergy? The Legal Complex in Sri Lanka’s Constitutional Crisis
Authors: Samararatne Dinesha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhat types of institutional dynamics and conditions allow constitutional resilience in the face of attempts at undermining gains in a constitutional democracy? Using Sri Lanka as a case-study, I claim that the legal complex acting in synergy with independent public institutions (the Speaker of the Parliament) and civil society can produce constitutional resilience. Synergy between the legal complex and these institutions can transform constitutional vulnerability into constitutional resilience. I argue therefore that the legal complex theory must be extended to consider the ways in which it can work in synergy with other public institutions in being resilient against attempts at rolling back gains for constitutional democracy. I argue further that synergy between the legal complex and formal and informal institutions over the short term can only result in “simple” constitutional resilience. The development of “reflexive” constitutional resilience requires long-term synergy between the legal complex and other public institutions.
27b. Sous-Commission des Etoiles Variables dans les Amas: 4. Proposals
Authors: Hogg Helen Sawyer 
Published: November 2021

Detre asks that observatories with globular cluster plates not being used for the study of variables make them available to astronomers interested in the problem. He mentions specifically being handicapped by work published on period changes in M 15 for which the observations are not available.Detre suggests that more attention be paid to period changes in a Centauri because this cluster can be resolved to its very center.
Address by the Representative of The U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Authors: Menzel Donald H. 
Published: November 2021

Professor Detlev Bronk, President of the National Academy of Sciences, joins me in extending the Academy’s welcome to you—our friends and colleagues of many countries. We are grateful to you for having come so far to share with us your friendship and your knowledge.Dr Bronk and I wish that we could adequately express the many special reasons why the friendly associations of international gatherings such as this give so much pleasure to American Scientists. It is in part because we Americans have so recently come from your native lands. The brothers of your fathers built our nation. Your ancestors are our ancestors too.Another reason for a feeling of close association stems from the fact that our science has grown from seeds imported by our teachers who first studied in your lands. From the days of Franklin on, we have had a deep debt of gratitude for this friendly nurturing of our scientific education.
Two-stage submodular maximization problem beyond nonnegative and monotone
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Chang Hong , Ma Ran , Du Donglei , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider a two-stage submodular maximization problem subject to a cardinality constraint and k matroid constraints, where the objective function is the expected difference of a nonnegative monotone submodular function and a nonnegative monotone modular function. We give two bi-factor approximation algorithms for this problem. The first is a deterministic $\left( {{1 \over {k + 1}}\left( {1 - {1 \over {{e^{k + 1}}}}} \right),1} \right)$-approximation algorithm, and the second is a randomized $\left( {{1 \over {k + 1}}\left( {1 - {1 \over {{e^{k + 1}}}}} \right) - \varepsilon ,1} \right)$-approximation algorithm with improved time efficiency.
Dying for a Cause: Meaning, Commitment, and Self-Sacrifice
Authors: Kauppinen Antti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome people willingly risk or give up their lives for something they deeply believe in, for instance standing up to a dictator. A good example of this are members of the White Rose student resistance group, who rebelled against the Nazi regime and paid for it with their lives. I argue that when the cause is good, such risky activities (and even deaths themselves) can contribute to meaning in life in its different forms – meaning-as-mattering, meaning-as-purpose, and meaning-as-intelligibility. Such cases highlight the importance of integrity, or living up to one's commitments, in meaningful living, or dying, as it may be, as well as the risk involved in commitment, since if you die for a bad cause, you have only harmed yourself. However, if leading a more rather than less meaningful life benefits rather than harms you, there are possible scenarios in which you yourself are better off dying for a good cause than living a longer moderately happy life. This presents a version of a well-known puzzle: what, then, makes dying for a cause a self-sacrifice, as it usually seems to be? I sketch some possible answers, and critically examine relevant work in empirical psychology.
The Meaning of Pain and the Pain of Meaning: A Bio-Hermeneutical Inquiry
Authors: Manea Teodora 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMy main interest here is to look at pain as a sign of the body that something is wrong. I will argue that there is a meaning of pain before and after an illness is diagnosed. An illness contains its own semantic paradigm, but the pain before the diagnosis affects the pace of life, not only by limiting our interactions, but also as a struggle with its meaning and a reminder of mortality.My main approach is what I call bio-hermeneutics, an extension of medical hermeneutics branching out from the Continental hermeneutical tradition. As such, I will explore the connection between pain and language, temporality, dialectics, and ontology. Given the centrality of language in constructing the meaning of pain, my analysis is informed by the semantics (looking at pain metaphors), syntax (pain as incoherence), and pragmatics (pain as companion) of expressing pain.The last section explores the meaning of pain in connection with death, as memento mori. Revisiting an old definition of philosophy asmelete thanatou, or ‘rehearsal of death’, I will reflect on the difficulty of finding meaning not only for pain, but also for death as cessation of all existential possibilities.
Can We Measure the Badness of Death for the Person who Dies?
Authors: Schramme Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractI aim to show that the common idea according to which we can assess how bad death is for the person who dies relies on numerous dubious premises. These premises are intuitive from the point of view of dominant views regarding the badness of death. However, unless these premises have been thoroughly justified, we cannot measure the badness of death for the person who dies. In this paper, I will make explicit assumptions that pertain to the alleged level of badness of death. The most important assumption I will address is the assignment of a quantitative value of zero to death, which leads to the conclusion that there are lives not worth living for the affected person. Such a view interprets the idea of a live worth living in quantitative terms. It is in conflict with actual evaluations of relevant people of their lives.
The Environmental Conditions Behind the Formation of Small (subLCL) Clouds
Authors: Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Agassi Eyal , Hirsch Eitan , Levi Yoav , Stav Nir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSubLCL clouds are defined here as clouds that form below the estimated lifting condensation level (LCL), on days that are predicted to be cloud‐free. On more than 50% of those days we observed clouds. Measurements of thermodynamic and sky conditions are used here together with numerical simulations to study subLCL clouds’ formation. It was previously demonstrated that humidified parcels in mid‐boundary layer (BL) are likely to be the driving mechanism. We found the height of the LCL above the BL top and the RH near the BL top to be good predictors of the appearance of these clouds. In addition, the average change in RH in the rising parcels that form them was found to have a specific constant value (4.4 0.2[%] per 100 m of elevation). This value enables the prediction of subLCL clouds’ formation on days that rising parcels can reach saturation while moving up in the BL.
Inhibition of cathepsin K sensitizes oxaliplatin-induced apoptotic cell death by Bax upregulation through OTUB1-mediated p53 stabilization in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Seo Seung Un , Woo Seon Min , Kim Shin , Park Jong-Wook , Lee Hyun-Shik , Bae Young-Seuk , Kim Sang Hyun , Im Seung-Soon , Seo Ji Hae , Min Kyoung-jin , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCathepsin K is highly expressed in various types of cancers. However, the effect of cathepsin K inhibition in cancer cells is not well characterized. Here, cathepsin K inhibitor (odanacatib; ODN) and knockdown of cathepsin K (siRNA) enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in multiple cancer cells through Bax upregulation. Bax knockdown significantly inhibited the combined ODN and oxaliplatin treatment-induced apoptotic cell death. Stabilization of p53 by ODN played a critical role in upregulating Bax expression at the transcriptional level. Casein kinase 2 (CK2)-dependent phosphorylation of OTUB1 at Ser16 played a critical role in ODN- and cathepsin K siRNA-mediated p53 stabilization. Interestingly, ODN-induced p53 and Bax upregulation were modulated by the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial ROS scavengers prevented OTUB1-mediated p53 stabilization and Bax upregulation by ODN. These in vitro results were confirmed by in mouse xenograft model, combined treatment with ODN and oxaliplatin significantly reduced tumor size and induced Bax upregulation. Furthermore, human renal clear carcinoma (RCC) tissues revealed a strong correlation between phosphorylation of OTUB1(Ser16) and p53/Bax expression. Our results demonstrate that cathepsin K inhibition enhances oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis by increasing OTUB1 phosphorylation via CK2 activation, thereby promoting p53 stabilization, and hence upregulating Bax.
UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gui Liang , Zhang Sicai , Xu Yongzi , Zhang Hongwei , Zhu Ying , Kong Lianbao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUbiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
Non-centrosymmetric superconductor Th$$_4$$Be$$_{{33}}$$Pt$$_{{16}}$$ and heavy-fermion U$$_4$$Be$$_{{33}}$$Pt$$_{{16}}$$ cage compounds
Authors: Koželj P. , Juckel M. , Amon A. , Prots Yu. , Ormeci A. , Burkhardt U. , Brando M. , Leithe-Jasper A. , Grin Yu. , Svanidze E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnconventional superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric superconductors has attracted a considerable amount of attention. While several lanthanide-based materials have been reported previously, the number of actinide-based systems remains small. In this work, we present the discovery of a novel cubic complex non-centrosymmetric superconductor $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

($$I{\bar{4}}3d$$

I

4

¯

3
d

space group). This intermetallic cage compound displays superconductivity below $$T_{\text {c}} = 0.90 \pm 0.04$$

T
c

=
0.90
±
0.04

K, as evidenced by specific heat and resistivity data. $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

is a type-II superconductor, which has an upper critical field $${\text {H}}_{{\text {c}}2} = 0.27$$

H

c
2

=
0.27

T and a moderate Sommerfeld coefficient $$\gamma _{\text {n}} = 16.3 \pm 0.8$$

γ
n

=
16.3
±
0.8

mJ $${\text {mol}}^{-1}_{\text {Th}}$$

mol

Th

-
1

$${\text {K}}^{-2}$$

K

-
2

. A non-zero density of states at the Fermi level is evident from metallic behavior in the normal state, as well as from electronic band structure calculations. The isostructural $${\text {U}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

U
4

Be
33

Pt
16

compound is a paramagnet with a moderately enhanced electronic mass, as indicated by the electronic specific heat coefficient $$\gamma _{\text {n}} = 200$$

γ
n

=
200

mJ $${\text {mol}}^{-1}_{\text {U}}$$

mol

U

-
1

$${\text {K}}^{-2}$$

K

-
2

and Kadowaki–Woods ratio $$A/\gamma ^2 = 1.1 \times 10^{-5}$$

A
/

γ
2

=
1.1
×

10

-
5

$$\upmu $$
μ
$$\Omega $$
Ω
cm $${\text {K}}^2$$

K

2

$${\text {mol}}_{\text {U}}^2$$

mol

U

2

(mJ)$$^{-2}$$

-
2

. Both $${\text {Th}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

Th
4

Be
33

Pt
16

and $${\text {U}}_4{\text {Be}}_{{33}}{\text {Pt}}_{{16}}$$

U
4

Be
33

Pt
16

are crystallographically complex, each hosting 212 atoms per unit cell.
Die Bedeutung der Langzeit-Blutdruckmessung bei Patienten mit Nierenkrankheiten
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie arterielle Hypertonie (aHTN) ist einer der führenden Ursachen für die Progression der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CNI). Die Prävalenz der aHTN in der CNI-Population ist sehr hoch und mit einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko assoziiert. Eine verlässliche Messung der Blutdruckwerte ist für die Blutdruckeinstellung und Therapie essenziell. Der additive Nutzen der Langzeit-Blutdruckmessung liegt in der besseren Abbildung der Blutdruckwerte über längere Zeit (i. d. R. 24 Stunden) und damit in der besseren Detektion der Weißkittel-, maskierten oder nächtlichen Hypertonie. Zudem zeigen Durchschnitts-Blutdruckwerte aus der Langzeitmessung in der CNI-Population eine bessere Korrelation zu kardiovaskulären und renalen Ereignissen als die Werte aus der Praxis-Blutdruckmessung. Da bislang alle randomisierten Interventionsstudien als Zielwerte des Praxis-Blutdruckes verwendet haben, kann die Langzeitmessung nicht alleine zur Therapieüberwachung verwendet werden.
Langzeitsicherheit von Blutdrucksenkern
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: November 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine optimale Blutdruckeinstellung ist essenziell, um langfristig kardiorenovaskuläre Schäden zu verhindern und um die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität der Patienten zu reduzieren. Viele blutdrucksenkende Medikamente wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr erfolgreich entwickelt. Patienten müssen diese z. T. für viele Jahre einnehmen, daher erwartet man von den Medikamenten eine sehr hohe Langzeitsicherheit. Das bedeutet, dass es auch nach Jahrzehnten nicht zu unangenehmen Folgeschäden wie v. a. Krebserkrankungen kommen darf. Denn es gab immer wieder Hinweise, dass bestimmte Medikamente wie Thiaziddiuretika oder auch ACE-Hemmer (ACE: „angiotensin converting enzyme“) das Wachstum spezifischer Krebserkrankungen ggf. steigern oder auch die Entstehung von Tumoren auslösen können. Dieser Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Stand zu Langzeitsicherheit bzw. -nebenwirkungen der typischen Blutdrucksenker wie ACE-Hemmer, Sartane, Kalziumantagonisten, Beta-Blocker und Diuretika zusammen.
Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Carbanions
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Tom Mai-Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis Account summarizes our recent work on rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions with nitrile-stabilized carbanions. Despite the challenges associated with employing nitrile-stabilized nucleophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, we have developed enantiospecific and enantioselective allylic alkylation reactions. Notably, these novel reactions permit expedient and selective access to an array of acyclic ternary and quaternary stereogenic centers present in important biologically active and functional molecules.1	Introduction2	Enantiospecific Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Anions3	Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Anions4	Conclusion
Recent Progress in Chromium-Mediated Carbonyl Addition Reactions
Authors: Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu , Katayama Yuri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganochromium(III) species are versatile nucleophiles in complex molecule synthesis due to their high functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity for aldehydes. Traditionally, carbonyl addition reactions of organochromium(III) species were performed through reduction of organohalides either using stoichiometric chromium(II) salts or catalytic chromium salts in the presence of stoichiometric reductants [such as Mn(0)]. Recently, alternative methods emerged involving organoradical formation from readily available starting materials (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, alkenes, and alkanes), followed by trapping the radical with stoichiometric or catalytic chromium(II) salts. Such methods, especially using catalytic chromium(II) salts, will lead to the development of sustainable chemical processes minimizing salt wastes and number of synthetic steps. In this review, methods for generation of organochromium(III) species for addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, classified by nucleophiles are described.1	Introduction2	Alkylation2.1	Branch-Selective Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2	Linear-Selective Alkylation of Aldehydes2.2.1	Catalytic Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldehydes Using NHPI ­Esters2.2.2	Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2.3	Alkylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes2.3	Catalytic α-Aminoalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds3	Allylation3.1	Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling3.2	Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkenes4	Propargylation: Catalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling5	Conclusion
How to Improve the Effect of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases with Unsuccessful First Time MVD
Authors: Xia Yun-fei , Zhou Wei-ping , Zhang Ying , Li Yan-zhen , Wang Xu-hui , Li Shi-ting , Zhao Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Microvascular decompression (MVD) has become accepted as an effective therapeutic option for hemifacial spasm (HFS); however, the curative rate of MVD for HFS varies widely (50–98%) in different medical centers. This study could contribute to the improvement of the MVD procedure.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 32 patients in whom initial MVD failed in other hospitals and who underwent a second MVD at our center. The clinical characteristics, operative findings, outcome of the second MVD, and complications were recorded.
Results There were 18 women and 14 men (56.3 and 43.7%, respectively). The left-to-right ratio was 19:13. The mean age of the patients was 59.8 years. We found an undiscovered conflict site located in zone 4 in 10 patients and in the root entry zone in 8 patients. The initial MVD failed in nine patients because of ignorance of the arterioles that originate from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. There were no special findings in four patients. No Teflon felts were found in the whole surgical field in one patient.
Conclusion Omission of the offending vessel is the most common cause of an unsuccessful MVD. Intraoperative abnormal muscle response associated with the Z-L response is a good measure to correctly identify the involved arterioles.