bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprecise inference based on the log-rank test for accelerated life testing
Authors: Coolen Frank P. A. , Ahmadini Abdullah A. H. , Coolen-Maturi Tahani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an imprecise predictive inference method for accelerated life testing. The method is largely nonparametric, with a basic parametric function to link different stress levels. The log-rank test is used to provide imprecision for the link function parameter, which in turn provides robustness in the resulting lower and upper survival functions for a future observation at the normal stress level. An application using data from the literature is presented, and simulations show the performance and robustness of the method. In case of model misspecification, robustness may be achieved at the price of large imprecision, which would emphasize the need for more data or further model assumptions.
The volunteer’s dilemma in finite populations
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Morath Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the long-run stochastic stability properties of volunteering strategies in finite populations. We allow for mixed strategies, characterized by the probability that a player may not volunteer. A pairwise comparison of evolutionary strategies shows that the strategy with a lower probability of volunteering is advantaged. However, in the long run there are also populations of volunteering types. Monomorphisms with the more volunteering types are more frequent if the populations have fewer members, and if the benefits from volunteering are larger. Such monomorphisms with volunteering cease to exist if the population becomes infinitely large. In contrast, the disadvantage of volunteering disappears if the ratio of individual benefits and costs of volunteering becomes infinitely large.
Involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle training in addition to standard training versus standard training alone for women with stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luginbuehl Helena , Lehmann Corinne , Koenig Irene , Kuhn Annette , Buergin Reto , Radlinger Lorenz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Although involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle contractions seem crucial during stress urinary incontinence-provoking situations, hitherto existing guidelines feature voluntary pelvic floor muscle training only. Two pelvic floor muscle protocols were compared regarding their effect on stress urinary incontinence in women: one focusing on standard physiotherapy with voluntary pelvic floor muscle training, the other additionally including involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle training.

Methods
This study was designed as a triple-blind prospective randomized controlled trial with women suffering from stress urinary incontinence with two physiotherapy intervention groups (control group: standard physiotherapy, n = 48, experimental group: standard physiotherapy plus involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle training triggered by whole-body movements such as jumps n = 48). Both interventions lasted 16 weeks (9 personal physiotherapy consultations and 78 home training sessions). Group differences and development over time were analyzed concerning the primary outcome International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence short form (ICIQ-UIsf) by mixed effect regression models.

Results
The ICIQ-UIsf score decreased significantly over time for both groups by about 3 points from about 10 to about 7 points with no group differences at any point in time.

Discussion
This trial did not find any additional benefit for stress urinary incontinence by adding involuntary reflexive pelvic floor muscle training to standard training. Both training protocols showed similar clinically relevant improvements; however, there was still moderate incontinence after interventions. Future studies should test and apply pelvic floor muscle function-oriented training methods for pelvic floor muscle hypertrophy, intramuscular coordination, and power, which are more in line with conventional skeletal muscle training, i.e., performed with higher intensities and workout.
Arithmetic hyperbolicity: automorphisms and persistence
Authors: Javanpeykar Ariyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that if the automorphism group of a projective variety is torsion, then it is finite. Motivated by Lang’s conjecture on rational points of hyperbolic varieties, we use this to prove that a projective variety with only finitely many rational points has only finitely many automorphisms. Moreover, we investigate to what extent finiteness of S-integral points on a variety over a number field persists over finitely generated fields. To this end, we introduce the class of mildly bounded varieties and prove a general criterion for proving this persistence.
Eigenvalue bounds for non-selfadjoint Dirac operators
Authors: D’Ancona Piero , Fanelli Luca , Schiavone Nico Michele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove that the eigenvalues of the n-dimensional massive Dirac operator $${\mathscr {D}}_0 + V$$

D
0

+
V

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, perturbed by a potential V, possibly non-Hermitian, are contained in the union of two disjoint disks of the complex plane, provided V is sufficiently small with respect to the mixed norms $$L^1_{x_j} L^\infty _{{\widehat{x}}_j}$$

L

x
j

1

L

x
^

j

∞

, for $$j\in \{1,\dots ,n\}$$

j
∈
{
1
,
⋯
,
n
}

. In the massless case, we prove instead that the discrete spectrum is empty under the same smallness assumption on V, and in particular the spectrum coincides with the spectrum of the unperturbed operator: $$\sigma ({\mathscr {D}}_0+V)=\sigma ({\mathscr {D}}_0)={\mathbb {R}}$$

σ

(

D
0

+
V
)

=
σ

(

D
0

)

=
R

. The main tools used are an abstract version of the Birman–Schwinger principle, which allows in particular to control embedded eigenvalues, and suitable resolvent estimates for the Schrödinger operator.
Effect of high levels of CO2 and O2 on membrane fatty acid profile and membrane physiology of meat spoilage bacteria
Authors: Kolbeck Sandra , Kienberger Hermine , Kleigrewe Karin , Hilgarth Maik , Vogel Rudi F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe membrane is the major protective barrier separating the cell from the environment and is thus important for bacteria to survive environmental stress. This study investigates changes in membrane lipid compositions and membrane physiology of meat spoiling bacteria in response to high CO2 (30%) and O2 (70%) concentrations, as commonly used for modified atmosphere packaging of meat. Therefore, the fatty acid profile as well as membrane fluidity, permeability and cell surface were determined and correlated to the genomic settings of five meat spoiling bacteria Brochothrix (B.) thermosphacta, Carnobacterium (C.) divergens, C. maltaromaticum, Leuconostoc (L.) gelidum subsp. gelidum and L. gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum cultivated under different gas atmospheres. We identified different genomic potentials for fatty acid adaptations, which were in accordance with actual measured changes in the fatty acid composition for each species in response to CO2 and/or O2, e.g., an increase in saturated, iso and cyclopropane fatty acids. Even though fatty acid changes were species-specific, the general physiological responses were similar, comprising a decreased membrane permeability and fluidity. Thus, we concluded that meat spoiling bacteria facilitate a change in membrane fatty acids upon exposure to O2 and CO2, what leads to alteration of membrane fluidity and permeability. The observed adaptations might contribute to the resistance of meat spoilers against detrimental effects of the gases O2 and CO2 and thus help to explain their ability to grow under different modified atmospheres. Furthermore, this study provides fundamental knowledge regarding the impact of fatty acid changes on important membrane properties of bacteria.
Effects of Bisphosphonate Treatment on Circulating Lipid and Glucose Levels in Patients with Metabolic Bone Disorders
Authors: Iannuzzo Gabriella , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Merlotti Daniela , Abate Veronica , Buonaiuto Alessio , Evangelista Marco , Gentile Marco , Giaquinto Alfonso , Picchioni Tommaso , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Strazzullo Pasquale , Gennari Luigi , Rendina Domenico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBisphosphonates are the first-choice treatment of osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of bone. Among the bisphosphonates, the non-amino-bisphosphonates, such as clodronic acid, are intracellular converted into toxic analogues of ATP and induce cellular apoptosis whereas the amino-bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid, inhibit the farnesyl-diphosphate-synthase, an enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. This pathway regulates cholesterol and glucose homeostasis and is a target for statins. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the effects of an intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid (5 mg) or clodronic acid (1500 mg) on blood lipid (i.e. total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides) and glucose levels in patients with osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of bone. All patients were evaluated before, 1 and 6 months after bisphosphonate treatment. Pagetic and osteoporotic patients treated with zoledronic acid showed a significant reduction in glucose and atherogenic lipids during follow-up whereas these phenomena were not observed after clodronic treatment. The effect on circulating lipid levels was similar in naïve and re-treated Pagetic patients. Zoledronic acid treatment was associated with a reduction in blood glucose and atherogenic lipids in patients with metabolic bone disorders. The extent of change was similar to that obtained with the regular assumption of a low-intensity statin. Further studies are warranted to better evaluate the clinical implications of these observations.
The impact of turbidity on foraging and risk taking in the invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and a threatened native cichlid (Oreochromis amphimelas)
Authors: Wing Jonathan D. B. , Champneys Toby S. , Ioannou Christos C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic activity can increase water turbidity, changing fish behaviour by reducing visibility. The spread of invasive species is also facilitated by human activity, further increasing the pressure on native species. In two experiments, we measured the foraging efficiency, risk perception and inter-individual consistency of risk-taking (personality variation in boldness) of an invasive species, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and a threatened tilapia, the Manyara tilapia (Oreochromis amphimelas), in clear and turbid water. In experiment one, O. niloticus was faster to initiate feeding, encountered more food items and consumed more than O. amphimelas. The latency to start foraging by O. niloticus decreased in turbid water. Turbidity did not affect the latency to start foraging in O. amphimelas but the number of food items they encountered was highest at the intermediate turbidity. There was however no significant effect of turbidity in either species on the total food consumed. In contrast to this foraging context, in experiment two with a refuge and no food available, risk taking behaviour was similar in both species and they both responded with similarly reduced risk taking in turbid water. Evidence of personality variation was weak, being observed only in O. amphimelas when first leaving the shelter in turbid water. Overall, species differences were greater in the foraging context but turbidity was more important in the risk-taking context. O. amphimelas is more sensitive to turbidity during foraging, and O. niloticus is likely to have a competitive advantage in foraging situations, especially in degraded turbid habitats.

Significance statement
Under human-induced environmental change, native species are often exposed to multiple stressors. Here, we tested the responses of two cichlid fish to increasing turbidity, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which is invasive throughout the tropics, and the Manyara tilapia (Oreochromis amphimelas), a threatened species, indigenous to Tanzania. We found that turbidity was beneficial to the foraging of O. niloticus, which in both clear and turbid water consumed and encountered more food than O. amphimelas. In contrast, without food present, both species displayed similar responses of increased risk perception in turbid water with little evidence of personality variation between individuals in either species. Our results suggest that invasive species tolerant of degraded habitats may outcompete less well-adapted native species for food.
A proposal for a new classification of coracobrachialis muscle morphology
Authors: Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Polguj Michał , Paulsen Friedrich , Podgórski Michał , Duparc Fabrice , Karauda Piotr , Olewnik Łukasz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The coracobrachialis muscle (CRM) originates from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and from the intermuscular septum. It inserts to the medial part of the humerus between the attachment of the medial head of the triceps brachii and the brachial muscle. Both the proximal and distal attachments of the CRM, as well as its relationship with the musculocutaneus nerve, demonstrate morphological variability.

Material and methods
One hundred and one upper limbs (52 left, and 49 right) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined.

Results
Three main types, with subtypes, were identified. The most common was Type I (49.5), characterized by a single muscle belly with a classical origin from the coracoid process, medially and posteriorly to the tendon of the biceps brachii. Type II (42.6%), characterized by two heads, was divided into two subtypes (A-B) depending on its origin: Type IIA, where one head originated from the coracoid process posteriorly to the tendon of the biceps brachii and the second head from the short head of the biceps brachii, and Type IIB, in which both heads originated from the coracoid process; however, the superficial head fused with the insertion of a short head of the biceps brachii, while the deep head was directly originating. Finally, Type III (7.9%) was characterized by three heads: two originated from the coracoid process (superficial and deep), and the third from a short head of the biceps brachii. Two types of insertion and two types of musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) relative to CRM could be distinguished.

Conclusion
An adapted classification is needed for all clinicians working in this area, as well as for anatomists. The CRM demonstrates morphological variability in both its proximal and distal attachments, as well as the variable course of the MCN relative to the CRM.

What is known about this subject "and" What this study adds to existing knowledge
Not much is known about the variability of coracobrachialis muscle. The present paper introduces a completely new classification, both clinical and anatomical.
Auswirkungen der Coronapandemie auf soziale Netzwerke in Risikofamilien
Authors: Knabe André , Kölch Michael , Spitzer Carsten , Reis Olaf 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Infektionsgeschehens im Rahmen der Coronapandemie brachten insbesondere für Familien mit schulpflichtigen Kindern erhebliche Einschränkungen mit sich. Besonders betroffen sind Risikofamilien, die bereits vor der Pandemie mit psychischen Störungen, Armut oder beengtem Wohnraum konfrontiert waren.

Fragestellung
Wie stellen sich Zusammensetzung und Dynamik der sozialen Netzwerke von Risikofamilien während des Lockdowns dar?

Material und Methode
„Mixed-methods“-Analyse auf Basis von 19 qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews und 18 standardisiert erhobenen egozentrierten Netzwerken mit 224 von den Befragten („ego“) genannten Personen („alter“).

Ergebnisse
Netzwerke werden durch die Krise geschwächt. Gleichzeitig sind sie wichtigste Ressource der Bewältigung. Unterstützung fehlt v. a. bei der Sorge um die psychisch erkrankten Kinder. Wichtigste Quellen von Unterstützung sind die erweiterte Familie und institutionelle Einrichtungen. Letztere waren in der Krise oft nur noch eingeschränkt oder gar nicht mehr zu erreichen. Im Idealfall sind die verbliebenen Beziehungen stark genug, um die Situation zu überstehen. Im schlimmsten Fall werden die Kinder nicht nur aus institutionellen Strukturen entlassen (Kita, Schule, medizinische und therapeutische Hilfen), sondern verschwinden ganz und gar aus der institutionellen und gesellschaftlichen Obhut. Ihr Wohl hängt dann allein von den Kompetenzen ihrer Eltern ab.

Schlussfolgerung
In Zeiten von Kontaktbeschränkungen benötigen Risikofamilien besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Es genügt nicht, darauf zu warten, dass sie von sich aus um Hilfe oder eine Notbetreuung für die Kinder bitten. Institutionen sollten proaktiv praktische und informationelle Unterstützung anbieten.
Forecast skill of the Indian monsoon and its onset in the ECMWF seasonal forecasting system 5 (SEAS5)
Authors: Chevuturi Amulya , Turner Andrew G. , Johnson Stephanie , Weisheimer Antje , Shonk Jonathan K. P. , Stockdale Timothy N. , Senan Retish 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurate forecasting of variations in Indian monsoon precipitation and progression on seasonal time scales remains a challenge for prediction centres. We examine prediction skill for the seasonal-mean Indian summer monsoon and its onset in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) seasonal forecasting system 5 (SEAS5). We analyse summer hindcasts initialised on 1st of May, with 51 ensemble members, for the 36-year period of 1981–2016. We evaluate the hindcasts against the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation observations and the ECMWF reanalysis 5 (ERA5). The model has significant skill at forecasting dynamical features of the large-scale monsoon and local-scale monsoon onset tercile category one month in advance. SEAS5 shows higher skill for monsoon features calculated using large-scale indices compared to those at smaller scales. Our results also highlight possible model deficiencies in forecasting the all India monsoon rainfall.
Impact of sinus rhythm versus atrial fibrillation on left ventricular remodeling after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Ledwoch Jakob , Fröhlich Carolin , Olbrich Ida , Poch Felix , Thalmann Ruth , Fellner Carmen , Bradaric Christian , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Kupatt Christian , Hoppmann Petra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Cerebrovascular complications and bleeding events associated with anticoagulation therapy are discussed to be possible causes for this increased mortality. The present study sought to assess whether AF is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling representing another possible mechanism for poor outcome.

Methods
All patients who underwent TAVR in our institution and had 1-year echocardiography follow-up were included. LV mass index (LVMI) at baseline and follow-up as well as LVMI change at 1 year were assessed with respect to the presence of AF (either at baseline or during hospitalization after TAVR) and sinus rhythm (SR).

Results
A total of 213 patients (n = 95 in AF; n = 118 in SR) were enrolled in the present study. Patients with AF had higher LVMI at 1 year compared to those with SR (173 ± 61 g/m2 vs. 154 ± 55 g/m2; p = 0.02) and they showed lower relative LVMI change at 1 year (− 2 ± 28% vs. − 9 ± 29%; p = 0.04). In linear regression analysis, AF was independently associated with relative LVMI change (regression coefficient ß 0.076 [95% CI 0.001–0.150]; p = 0.04). With respect to clinical outcome depending on AF and LVMI regression, the Kaplan–Meier estimated event-free of death or cardiac rehospitalization at 3 years was lowest among patients with AF and no LVMI regression.

Conclusions
The present study identified a significant association of AF with changes in LVMI after TAVR, which was also shown to be associated with clinical outcome.
Pacemaker lead-associated tricuspid regurgitation in patients with or without pre-existing right ventricular dilatation
Authors: Riesenhuber Martin , Spannbauer Andreas , Gwechenberger Marianne , Pezawas Thomas , Schukro Christoph , Stix Günter , Schneider Matthias , Goliasch Georg , Anvari Anahit , Wrba Thomas , Khazen Cesar , Andreas Martin , Laufer Günther , Hengstenberg Christian , Gyongyosi Mariann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention became an option for pacemaker lead-associated tricuspid regurgitation. This study investigated the progression of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with or without pre-existing right ventricular dilatation (RVD) undergoing pacemaker implantation.

Methods
Patients were included if they had implantation of transtricuspid pacemaker lead and completed echocardiography before and after implantation. The cohort was divided in patients with and without RVD (cut-off basal RV diameter ≥ 42 mm). TR was graded in none/mild, moderate, and severe. Worsening of one grade was defined as progression. Survival analyses were plotted for 10 years.

Results
In total, 990 patients were analyzed (24.5% with RVD). Progression of TR occurred in 46.1% of patients with RVD and in 25.6% of patients without RVD (P < 0.001). Predictors for TR progression were RV dilatation (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.27–3.29; P = 0.003), pre-existing TR (OR 4.30; 95% CI 2.51–7.38; P < 0.001), female sex (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.16–2.43; P = 0.006), single RV lead (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.09–2.56; P = 0.018), mitral regurgitation (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.42–3.05; P < 0.001), and enlarged left atrium (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.07–3.67; P = 0.03). Survival-predictors were pacemaker lead-associated TR (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.84; P = 0.028), mitral regurgitation (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.77; P = 0.034), heart failure (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.31–2.33; P < 0.001), kidney disease (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.25–2.11; P < 0.001), and age ≥ 80 years (HR 2.84; 95% CI 2.17–3.71; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Patients with RVD receiving pacemaker suffered from increased TR progression, leading to decreased survival.

Graphic abstract