bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Merighi Stefania , Borea Pier A. , Varani Katia , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Gessi Stefania 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia
worldwide, with approximately 6 million cases reported in America in 2020. The clinical
signs of AD include cognitive dysfunction, apathy, anxiety and neuropsychiatric
signs, and pathogenetic mechanisms that involve amyloid peptide-β extracellular accumulation
and tau hyperphosphorylation. Unfortunately, current drugs to treat AD can provide
only symptomatic relief but are not disease-modifying molecules able to revert AD
progression. The endogenous modulator adenosine, through A2A receptor activation,
plays a role in synaptic loss and neuroinflammation, which are crucial for cognitive impairment
and memory damage.

Objective:
In this review, recent advances covering A2A adenosine receptor antagonists
will be extensively reviewed, providing a basis for the rational design of future A2A inhibitors.

Method:
Herein, the literature on A2A adenosine receptors and their role in synaptic plasticity
and neuroinflammation, as well as the effects of A2A antagonism in animal models
of AD and in humans, are reviewed. Furthermore, current chemical and structure-based
strategies are presented.

Results:
Caffeine, the most widely consumed natural product stimulant and an A2A antagonist,
improves human memory. Similarly, synthetic A2A receptor antagonists, as described
in this review, may provide a means to fight AD.

Conclusion:
This review highlights the clinical potential of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists
as a novel approach to treat patients with AD.
Research Update on the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Heart
Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zeng Jianping , Zhou Yuying , Zhu Yunlong 
Published: November 2021

:
Heart failure (HF) is a serious clinical syndrome, usually occurs at the
advanced stage of various cardiovascular diseases, featured by high mortality and
rehospitalization rate. According to left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), HF has
been categorized as HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; LVEF<40%), HF with mid-range EF
(HFmrEF; LVEF 40-49%), and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; LVEF ≥50%). HFpEF
accounts for about 50% of cases of heart failure and has become the dominant form of
heart failure. The mortality of HFpEF is similar to that of HFrEF. There are no welldocumented
treatment options that can reduce the morbidity and mortality of HFpEF
now. Understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms is essential for the
development of novel effective therapy options for HFpEF. In recent years, significant
research progress has been achieved on the pathophysiological mechanism of HFpEF.
This review aimed to update the research progress on the pathophysiological mechanism
of HFpEF.
Selected Natural and Synthetic Agents Effective against Parkinson’s
Disease with Diverse Mechanisms
Authors: Gulcan Hayrettin Ozan 
Published: November 2021

:
Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been extensively investigated with respect to its neuropathological background and possible treatment options. Since the symptomatic outcomes are generally related to dopamine deficiency, the current treatment strate-gies towards PD mainly employ dopaminergic agonists as well as the compounds acting on dopamine metabolism. These drugs do not provide disease modifying properties; therefore alternative drug dis-covery studies focus on targets involved in the progressive neurodegenerative character of PD. This study has aimed to present the pathophysiology of PD concomitant to the representation of drugs and promising molecules displaying activity against the validated and non-validated targets of PD.
Factors Affecting Postpartum Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malmir Maryam , Boroojerdi Narges Azizi , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Parsa Parisa 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Puerperal infection is used to describe any bacterial infection of the reproductive
tract after delivery. Identifying the factors affecting postpartum infections can reduce the risk and
complications of such factors and postpartum maternal mortality.

Objective:
This structured study was designed to evaluate factors affecting postpartum infections.

Methods:
In this study, after selecting Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Web of Science electronic databases,
all observational studies (cohort and case-control) available and published in Farsi and English to investigate
factors affecting postpartum infections were searched. The search was performed using the
terms postpartum, infection, wound infection, puerperium, reason, risk factor, and their equivalent
Persian words from 2010 to November 2019 regardless of publication status.

Results:
Out of the 3227 studies obtained, 19 were reviewed after removing irrelevant articles, duplicates
(shared in databases), and animal samples. Age, level of education, delivery method, presence of
episiotomy, anemia due to postpartum hemorrhage, interventions and manipulations during childbirth,
prenatal hygiene, Povidone Iodine usage before delivery to wash the vagina, antibiotic prevention,
increased labor duration, obesity, and the presence of bacteria were common symptoms affecting postpartum
infection.

Conclusion:
In this study, the factors affecting postpartum infection have been identified, some of
which are avoidable. Identifying these factors helps reduce postpartum infections and their complications.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Nutritional Coaching to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control: Randomized Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Griauzde Dina H , Ling Grace , Wray Daniel , DeJonckheere Melissa , Mizokami Stout Kara , Saslow Laura R , Fenske Jill , Serlin David , Stonebraker Spring , Nisha Tabassum , Barry Colton , Pop-Busui Rodica , Sen Ananda , Richardson Caroline R 
Published: November 2021

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with adverse health consequences largely related to hyperglycemia. Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations, effective pharmacotherapy, and interventions to support patients and providers, up to 60% of patients diagnosed with T2DM are estimated to have hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels above the recommended targets owing to multilevel barriers hindering optimal glycemic control.

Objective
The aim of this study is to compare changes in HbA1c levels among patients with suboptimally controlled T2DM who were offered the opportunity to use an intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitor and receive personalized low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling (<100 g/day) versus those who received usual care (UC).

Methods
This was a 12-month, pragmatic, randomized quality improvement program. All adult patients with T2DM who received primary care at a university-affiliated primary care clinic (N=1584) were randomized to either the UC or the enhanced care (EC) group. Within each program arm, we identified individuals with HbA1c >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) who were medically eligible for tighter glycemic control, and we defined these subgroups as UC–high risk (UC-HR) or EC-HR. UC-HR participants (n=197) received routine primary care. EC-HR participants (n=185) were invited to use an intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitor and receive low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling. The primary outcome was mean change in HbA1c levels from baseline to 12 months using an intention-to-treat difference-in-differences analysis comparing EC-HR with UC-HR groups. We conducted follow-up semistructured interviews to understand EC-HR participant experiences with the intervention.

Results
HbA1c decreased by 0.41% (4.5 mmol/mol; P=.04) more from baseline to 12 months among participants in the EC-HR group than among those in UC-HR; however, only 61 (32.9%) of 185 EC-HR participants engaged in the program. Among the EC-HR participants who wore continuous glucose monitors (61/185, 32.9%), HbA1c was 1.1% lower at 12 months compared with baseline (P<.001). Interviews revealed themes related to EC-HR participants’ program engagement and continuous glucose monitor use.

Conclusions
Among patients with suboptimally controlled T2DM, a combined approach that includes continuous glucose monitoring and low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling can improve glycemic control compared with the standard of care.
Use of Mobile Apps for Self-care in People With Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review
Authors: Lee JuHee , Yeom Insun , Chung Misook L , Kim Yielin , Yoo Subin , Kim Eunyoung 
Published: November 2021

Background
Self-care is essential for people with Parkinson disease (PD) to minimize their disability and adapt to alterations in physical abilities due to this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. With rapid developments in mobile technology, many health-related mobile apps for PD have been developed and used. However, research on mobile app–based self-care in PD is insufficient.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the features and characteristics of mobile apps for self-care in people with PD.

Methods
This study was performed sequentially according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched in consultation with a librarian on June 8, 2021. We used keywords including ”Parkinson disease” and ”mobile.”

Results
A total of 17 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 14 observational studies or quasi-experimental studies. The use of mobile apps for self-care in people with PD focused on symptom monitoring, especially motor symptoms. Motor symptoms were objectively measured mainly through the sensors of smartphones or wearable devices and task performance. Nonmotor symptoms were monitored through task performance or self-reported questionnaires in mobile apps. Most existing studies have focused on clinical symptom assessment in people with PD, and there is a lack of studies focusing on symptom management.

Conclusions
Mobile apps for people with PD have been developed and used, but strategies for self-management are insufficient. We recommend the development of mobile apps focused on self-care that can enhance symptom management and health promotion practices. Studies should also evaluate the effects of mobile apps on symptom improvement and quality of life in people with PD.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021267374; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021267374.
Leveraging Large-Scale Electronic Health Records and Interpretable Machine Learning for Clinical Decision Making at the Emergency Department: Protocol for System Development and Validation
Authors: Liu Nan , Xie Feng , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Chakraborty Bibhas , Nadarajan Gayathri Devi , Tan Kenneth Boon Kiat , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: November 2021

Background
There is a growing demand globally for emergency department (ED) services. An increase in ED visits has resulted in overcrowding and longer waiting times. The triage process plays a crucial role in assessing and stratifying patients’ risks and ensuring that the critically ill promptly receive appropriate priority and emergency treatment. A substantial amount of research has been conducted on the use of machine learning tools to construct triage and risk prediction models; however, the black box nature of these models has limited their clinical application and interpretation.

Objective
In this study, we plan to develop an innovative, dynamic, and interpretable System for Emergency Risk Triage (SERT) for risk stratification in the ED by leveraging large-scale electronic health records (EHRs) and machine learning.

Methods
To achieve this objective, we will conduct a retrospective, single-center study based on a large, longitudinal data set obtained from the EHRs of the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore. Study outcomes include adverse events experienced by patients, such as the need for an intensive care unit and inpatient death. With preidentified candidate variables drawn from expert opinions and relevant literature, we will apply an interpretable machine learning–based AutoScore to develop 3 SERT scores. These 3 scores can be used at different times in the ED, that is, on arrival, during ED stay, and at admission. Furthermore, we will compare our novel SERT scores with established clinical scores and previously described black box machine learning models as baselines. Receiver operating characteristic analysis will be conducted on the testing cohorts for performance evaluation.

Results
The study is currently being conducted. The extracted data indicate approximately 1.8 million ED visits by over 810,000 unique patients. Modelling results are expected to be published in 2022.

Conclusions
The SERT scoring system proposed in this study will be unique and innovative because of its dynamic nature and modelling transparency. If successfully validated, our proposed solution will establish a standard for data processing and modelling by taking advantage of large-scale EHRs and interpretable machine learning tools.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34201
The Use of a Computerized Cognitive Assessment to Improve the Efficiency of Primary Care Referrals to Memory Services: Protocol for the Accelerating Dementia Pathway Technologies (ADePT) Study
Authors: Kalafatis Chris , Modarres Mohammad Hadi , Apostolou Panos , Tabet Naji , Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi 
Published: November 2021

Background
Existing primary care cognitive assessment tools are crude or time-consuming screening instruments which can only detect cognitive impairment when it is well established. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, memory services have adapted to the new environment by moving to remote patient assessments to continue meeting service user demand. However, the remote use of cognitive assessments has been variable while there has been scant evaluation of the outcome of such a change in clinical practice. Emerging research in remote memory clinics has highlighted computerized cognitive tests, such as the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA), as prominent candidates for adoption in clinical practice both during the pandemic and for post-COVID-19 implementation as part of health care innovation.

Objective
The aim of the Accelerating Dementia Pathway Technologies (ADePT) study is to develop a real-world evidence basis to support the adoption of ICA as an inexpensive screening tool for the detection of cognitive impairment to improve the efficiency of the dementia care pathway.

Methods
Patients who have been referred to a memory clinic by a general practitioner (GP) are recruited. Participants complete the ICA either at home or in the clinic along with medical history and usability questionnaires. The GP referral and ICA outcome are compared with the specialist diagnosis obtained at the memory clinic. The clinical outcomes as well as National Health Service reference costing data will be used to assess the potential health and economic benefits of the use of the ICA in the dementia diagnosis pathway.

Results
The ADePT study was funded in January 2020 by Innovate UK (Project Number 105837). As of September 2021, 86 participants have been recruited in the study, with 23 participants also completing a retest visit. Initially, the study was designed for in-person visits at the memory clinic; however, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was amended to allow remote as well as face-to-face visits. The study was also expanded from a single site to 4 sites in the United Kingdom. We expect results to be published by the second quarter of 2022.

Conclusions
The ADePT study aims to improve the efficiency of the dementia care pathway at its very beginning and supports systems integration at the intersection between primary and secondary care. The introduction of a standardized, self-administered, digital assessment tool for the timely detection of neurodegeneration as part of a decision support system that can signpost accordingly can reduce unnecessary referrals, service backlog, and assessment variability.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN 16596456; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16596456

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34475
Indonesian Democracy as A Model for Egypt after The Arab Spring
Authors: Sahide Ahmad , Satris Rezki 
Published: November 2021

The Arab Spring in 2011 opened the way for democratization in some Arab countries, including Egypt. Egypt succeeded in overthrowing Hosni Mubarak as the president, but Egypt failed in consolidating democracy after holding a general election in 2012. The main factors of the failure in consolidating democracy in Egypt come from internal and external factors. The internal factor was that Egypt had not been ready for democracy , whereas the external factor was foreign intervention due to national interest. This article analyzes the failure of democratization in Egypt by using Jack Snyder and Georg Sorensen’s theory. In the last part of this article, the writer suggested that Egypt should have learned how to consolidate democracy from Indonesia. Indonesia is the best model of democracy for Egypt due to some reasons. The first one is Indonesia and Egypt near a culturally (religious approach), and the second one is Indonesia's success, as the majority Muslim state, in consolidating democracy since 1998.
Petro-Nostalgia and the Politics of Yellow Vests Canada
Authors: Tewksbury Doug 
Published: November 2021

Background: This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the conservative political organization Yellow Vests Canada and its 100,000-plus member Facebook group (now deplatformed) to theorize far-right groups that harness pro-fossil-fuel/anti-environmental discourses to ideologically cultivate a broader assemblage of traditionally ultra-conservative political positions. Analysis: Yellow Vests Canada commonly utilized “petro-nostalgic” discourses, highly ideological beliefs that tie fossil fuels to a mythological nostalgia for an era of unbridled extraction and consumption, but also to this era’s hegemonic white supremacy, heteronormativity, masculinity, and settler-colonial nationalism. Conclusions and implications: Understanding far-right petro-political groups is imperative for environmental humanities researchers. The recent growth of these groups presents an alarming threat to progressive and equitable sociocultural politics, but especially to more environmentally sustainable government policies and a post-fossil-fuel future.
Fire and Climate: Connecting the Dots in British Columbia News Media
Authors: Earle Heather , Gunster Shane 
Published: November 2021

Background: Extreme weather events are intensifying with climate change, offering opportunities to raise the public urgency of this issue. The media’s role in communicating this connection is crucial.
Analysis: This article analyzes media coverage of wildfires over a nine-year period in British Columbia focusing on how they are linked to climate change, in particular, during the 2017 and 2018 record-breaking fire seasons.
Conclusion and implications: In media coverage in British Columbia, there is a marked absence of a link between climate change and wildfires and a tendency for connections to be tokenistic, decontextualized, and normalizing. More provocative narratives developed by various public figures that locate wildfires within broader narratives of climate crisis offer more compelling accounts.
Contexte : À cause du changement climatique, les événements climatiques extrêmes sont en train de devenir plus intenses. Dans les circonstances, il devient pertinent de soulever l’urgence publique de cet enjeu, et les médias pourraient jouer un rôle crucial pour le communiquer.
Analyse : Cet article analyse la couverture médiatique de feux de forêt sur une période de neuf ans en Colombie-Britannique, particulièrement durant les saisons des feux de 2017 et 2018 qui ont battu tous les records. L’article met l’accent sur comment ces incendies sont reliés au changement climatique.
Conclusions et implications : Dans la couverture médiatique en Colombie-Britannique, on néglige de montrer les liens qui existent entre le changement climatique et les feux de forêt. Toute connexion établie tend à être superficielle, décontextualisée et normalisée. En revanche, diverses personnalités publiques ont incorporé les feux de forêt dans des narrations englobant l’idée de crise climatique, offrant ainsi une perspective plus intéressante, voire provocatrice.
Evaluation Of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory And Anticancer Activities Of Delonix Regia Flower Extracts
Authors: Benoite. T  , Nora Vigasini K  
Published: November 2021

Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer are the major cause of death worldwide. Various drugs are used for the treatment of these diseases. However, they cause lots of side effects. There is a need for alternate drugs with fewer side effects. Medicinal plants serve as a good source for alternate form of treatment. Therefore, in this study, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of D. regia flowers were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity to justify its use as a medicinal plant. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the extracts were measured. GC-MS analysis of the extracts were done to investigate the presence of various bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by radical scavenging and reduction assays. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by the ability of extracts to inhibit enzyme alpha amylase. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by membrane stabilization activity. Anticancer activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were measured by the MTT assay.The ethanolic extract contained more phenols (282.940.80 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (140.912.27 mgQE/g). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of compounds belonging to fatty acids, alkanes, phenols and organic alcohols. The aqueous extract showed strong superoxide radical scavenging activity with a low IC50 of 39.35±0.74 µg/mL. The ethanolic extract showed higher ferric reducing power with an IC50 of 59.65±0.28µg/mL. Ethanolic extract was more potent in inhibiting alpha amylase with a low IC50 value of 47.14±0.6 µg/mL. Ethanolic extract also showed maximum inhibition of 88.86±0.1% against heat induced lysis of cell membrane. Both extracts affected the proliferation of MCF-7 and A549 cell lines at 160 µg/mL. The results of the present study support the use of D. regia flower as a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals and can be used as a plant-based antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.