bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical assessment of heat transfer coefficient for preterm infant nursed under a radiant warmer
Authors: Baghel Devesh Kumar , Sinha Shobha Lata , Dewangan Satish Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBody heat loss management is the primary concern with respect to a newborn, as excess heat loss or gain leads to hypo‐ or hyperthermia, respectively. The aim of this article is to numerically investigate the convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of a newborn nursed under a radiant warmer. The preterm neonate manikin has five body segments (head, trunk, leg, arms, and back) placed in a relaxed spine position. In the present study, numerical simulations are carried out for body temperature ranging between 32.5°C and 40.1°C. Ambient air temperature is chosen from 22.77°C to 30°C as preferred room temperature in the analysis. Airflow and heat transfer under the radiant warmer are analyzed in two operational modes, that is, power‐off and power‐on modes. In the power‐on mode, the convective heat transfer coefficient varies between 1.45 and 4.06 W/m2 K, whereas the radiative heat transfer coefficient varies between 0.08 and 3.28 W/m2 K under various operating conditions. The results obtained are numerically validated and found to be in fair agreement with the experimental results available in the open literature.
Role of suction/injection and slip flow on hydromagnetic free convective flow in a vertical coaxial cylinder under the influence of radial magnetic field
Authors: Gambo Dauda , Gambo Jeremiah J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis investigation attempts to address heat and mass transfer behavior exhibited by a steady fully developed natural convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid in a vertical porous annulus in the presence of radially applied magnetic field and velocity slip. The motion of the fluid in the annular gap is triggered by the buoyancy forces due to temperature gradient of the inner and outer cylinders. The governing momentum and energy equations responsible for the flow are transformed into dimensionless forms using the appropriate dimensionless parameters. Accordingly, analytical solutions of the energy and momentum fields are derived with the appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of the controlling parameters involved in the flow on the temperature field, velocity field, and drag on the walls of the cylinders are illustrated graphically and with the aid of tables. Findings affirm that fluid temperature can be decreased/increased by increasing suction/injection on the porous wall. Furthermore, the fluid flow in the annular gap can be enhanced by increasing Grashof number, fluid injection, and velocity slip.
Exact, analytical heat transfer from longitudinal radiating fins of rectangular profile in a tube/fin ensemble
Authors: Shivanian Elyas , Campo Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this technical note, the problem concerning the quantification of heat transfer rates from an array of longitudinal radiating fins of rectangular profile in a tube/fin ensemble to a nonzero temperature sink is investigated. Radiating fins constitute essential elements in the thermal control of spacecrafts and satellites. We consider quasi one‐dimensional heat conduction in the longitudinal radiating fins and neglect radiative exchange between the fins and the tubes carrying a hot fluid. It is demonstrated that the governing nonlinear differential equation of second order with constant coefficients and nonhomogeneous can be solved in exact, analytical implicit form. The pertinent temperature distributions eventually provide the magnitudes of heat transfer rates and fin efficiencies influenced by the radiation–conduction parameter and the sink temperature.
Neoadjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A propensity score‐weighted analysis
Authors: Marqueen Kathryn E. , Moshier Erin , Buckstein Michael , Ang Celina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRetrospective and single‐arm prospective studies have reported clinical benefit with neoadjuvant imatinib for GISTs. In the absence of randomized Phase III data, the impact of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAT) on survival compared to upfront resection (UR) remains unknown. We identified N = 16 308 patients within the National Cancer Database (2004‐2016) who underwent resection of localized GIST of the stomach, esophagus, small bowel and colorectum, with or without ≥3 months of NAT. Inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted for covariable imbalance among treatment groups. We estimated the effect of NAT on overall survival with a weighted time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards model, and on 90‐day postoperative mortality and R0 resection with weighted logistic regressions. Eight hundred sixty‐five (5.3%) patients received NAT compared to 15 443 (94.7%) who underwent UR. Median NAT duration was 6.3 months. 53.7% of NAT patients were male vs 48.6% of UR patients, 67.3% vs 65.1% had primary gastric GIST and 72.8% vs 49.7% were at high risk. NAT patients had larger tumors and higher mitotic index. >3 months of NAT was associated with a significant survival benefit (weighted HR 0.85 [0.80‐0.91]). 90‐day postoperative mortality rate was 4/865 (0.5%) among NAT patients vs 346/15443 (2.2%). NAT was associated with lower odds of 90‐day postoperative mortality. R0 resection rate was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, despite higher risk features among NAT patients, this analysis suggests that NAT for localized GIST is associated with a modest survival benefit and lower risk of 90‐day postoperative mortality, with no difference in likelihood of achieving an R0 resection.
Land suitability and surface water resources potential for irrigation in Becho Plain, upper Awash basin, Ethiopia*
Authors: Gonfa Berhanu Gadissa , Hatiye Samuel Dagalo , Finssa Mekuanent Muluneh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, an assessment of the land and surface water resources potential of the Becho Plain was conducted. Land suitability for irrigated agriculture was evaluated by considering the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) criteria. The land suitability parameters such as soil properties, slope, land use and land cover were used to identify the suitable irrigable land. The analytical hierarchy process was employed to obtain parameter weights, and later the weighted overlay analysis in the geographic information system was employed to obtain the overall suitability of land resources for irrigation. The surface water availability and amount were evaluated by using the calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The water requirement of dominant crops was estimated following the FAO procedure and compared with the available water. Nearly 70% of the land area is identified as suitable for surface irrigation, while the remaining 30% of the land area is restricted for irrigation development. The water supply and demand analysis revealed that there is sufficient water available in the Becho Plain for irrigation development. The physically possible irrigation area and diversion sites were also identified. The Becho Plain has ample land and water resources for irrigation development. However, future developments shall also consider downstream water use to implement sustainable irrigation development.
Amino acid derivative reactivity assay–organic solvent reaction system: A novel alternative test for skin sensitization capable of assessing highly hydrophobic substances
Authors: Yamaga Hiroaki , Watanabe Shinichi , Fujita Masaharu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Kasahara Toshihiko , Kataoka Shinsuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA) is an in chemico alternative to animal testing that focuses on protein binding. The ADRA is a skin sensitization test that solves problems associated with the direct peptide reactivity assay. However, when utilizing the ADRA to evaluate highly hydrophobic substances with octanol/water partition coefficients (logKow) of >6, the test substances may not dissolve in the reaction solution, which can prevent the accurate assessment of skin sensitization. Therefore, we developed the ADRA–organic solvent (ADRA‐OS) reaction system, which is a novel skin sensitization test that enables the assessment of highly hydrophobic substances with a logKow of >6. We discovered that the organic solvent ratio, the triethylamine concentration, and the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate concentration participate in reactions with the nucleophile N‐(2‐(1‐naphthyl)acetyl)‐l‐cysteine (NAC) and sensitizers that are used in ADRA and in stabilizing NAC. Thus, we determined the optimal reaction composition of the ADRA‐OS according to L9 (33) orthogonal array experiments. Using this test, we assessed 14 types of highly hydrophobic substances. When we compared the results with ADRA, we found that ADRA‐OS reaction system has high solubility for highly hydrophobic substances and that it has a high predictive capacity (sensitivity: 63%, specificity: 100%, accuracy: 79%). The implication of the results is that the novel ADRA‐OS reaction system should provide a useful method for assessing the skin sensitization of highly hydrophobic substances with a logKow of >6.
Making the best out of youth—The Improve the Youth project
Authors: Gaspar de Matos Margarida , Kleszczewska Dorota , Gaspar Tania , Dzielska Anna , Branquinho Cátia , Michalska Agnieszka , Mazur Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdolescents' mental health determines their general health and their mental health as adults. Improve the Youth project (ITY) was created and implemented among Polish and Portuguese adolescents. The aim of the project was to investigate the well‐being of Portuguese and Polish adolescents, and to evaluate differences between them in self‐rated health, life satisfaction and perceived psychosomatic health. A mixed‐method approach was applied. The quantitative part was based on Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) 2014 data, including adolescents aged 11–15 years (6026 in Portugal; 4545 in Poland). This study meets the issues raised by the HBSC results, regarding mental health in adolescence, and it is aimed to improve adolescents' social participation and active citizenship. In most study areas, findings in Poland were less favourable than in Portugal. The qualitative part was developed to recognize the main threats for adolescent's well‐being. In this, they emphasised that every opportunity to talk about their feelings and needs resulted in improvement of their mental health. Elevated levels of stress were connected to environmental pressure and high expectations that they were often unable to cope with. Nervousness, perceiving that it was impossible to meet expectations, the desire to keep up with their peers, fatigue, and uncertainty of the future increased the feelings of frustration. The differences found between countries may be due to cultural roots, surfacing the relevance of assessing adolescents' mental health needs in the social context of family, school and peers. This study also aims to raise awareness among educators and stakeholders to the importance of youth engagement.
Mechanical stretch induces osteogenesis through the alternative activation of macrophages
Authors: Dong Lili , Song Yang , Zhang Yajie , Zhao Weikang , Wang Chunli , Lin Hungchun , Al‐ani Mohanad Kh. , Liu Wanqian , Xue Ruyue , Yang Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor reconstructive surgeons, critically skeletal damage represents a major challenge. Growing evidence indicate that bone repair is dynamically regulated by the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐macrophage interaction. Mechanical strain plays a fundamental role in bone repair and regeneration by influencing MSCs differentiation. Recently, a few findings indicate that macrophages may be mechanically sensitive and their phenotype can be regulated, in part, by mechanical cues. However, how macrophages subjected mechanical stretch influence the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of macrophages stimulated with mechanical stretch on MSCs osteogenesis. By using a coculture system, we discover that macrophages efficiently induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs under specific stretch conditions. A synergy mechanism between M2 polarization and YAP/BMP2 axis are identified through molecular and genetic analyses. Macrophages are activated by cyclic stretch and polarized to M2 phenotype that produce anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐10 and TGF‐β to regulate the local inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, mechanical stretch induces YAP activation and nuclear translocation, subsequently regulates downstream BMP2 expression to facilitate MSCs osteogenesis. These findings not only advance our understanding of the complex influence among the mechanical strain, macrophage inflammatory response as well as the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but also reveal a control system from mechanical signals to chemical response then to cell behaviors during bone repair and regeneration.
Visfatin: An emerging adipocytokine bridging the gap in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Dakroub Ali , Nasser Suzanne A. , Kobeissy Firas , Yassine Hadi M. , Orekhov Alexander , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Iratni Rabah , El‐Yazbi Ahmed F. , Eid Ali H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVisfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an adipokine expressed predominately in visceral fat tissues. High circulating levels of visfatin/NAMPT have been implicated in vascular remodeling, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis, all of which pose increased risks of cardiovascular events. In this context, increased levels of visfatin have been correlated with several upregulated pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as IL‐1, IL‐1Ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, visfatin is associated with leukocyte recruitment by endothelial cells and the production of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, and E‐selectin, which are well known to mediate the progression of atherosclerosis. Moreover, diverse angiogenic factors have been found to mediate visfatin‐induced angiogenesis. These include matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and fibroblast growth factor 2. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pro‐inflammatory and angiogenic actions of visfatin, with a focus on the pertinent signaling pathways whose dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Most importantly, some hypotheses regarding the integration of the aforementioned factors with the plausible atherogenic effect of visfatin are put forth for consideration in future studies. The pharmacotherapeutic potential of modulating visfatin's roles could be important in the management of cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide.
Deep Learning Whole‐Gland and Zonal Prostate Segmentation on a Public MRI Dataset
Authors: Cuocolo Renato , Comelli Albert , Stefano Alessandro , Benfante Viviana , Dahiya Navdeep , Stanzione Arnaldo , Castaldo Anna , De Lucia Davide Raffaele , Yezzi Anthony , Imbriaco Massimo 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundProstate volume, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a useful biomarker both for distinguishing between benign and malignant pathology and can be used either alone or combined with other parameters such as prostate‐specific antigen.PurposeThis study compared different deep learning methods for whole‐gland and zonal prostate segmentation.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 204 patients (train/test = 99/105) from the PROSTATEx public dataset.Field strength/SequenceA 3 T, TSE T2‐weighted.AssessmentFour operators performed manual segmentation of the whole‐gland, central zone + anterior stroma + transition zone (TZ), and peripheral zone (PZ). U‐net, efficient neural network (ENet), and efficient residual factorized ConvNet (ERFNet) were trained and tuned on the training data through 5‐fold cross‐validation to segment the whole gland and TZ separately, while PZ automated masks were obtained by the subtraction of the first two.Statistical TestsNetworks were evaluated on the test set using various accuracy metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Model DSC was compared in both the training and test sets using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. Parameter number, disk size, training, and inference times determined network computational complexity and were also used to assess the model performance differences. A P < 0.05 was selected to indicate the statistical significance.ResultsThe best DSC (P < 0.05) in the test set was achieved by ENet: 91% ± 4% for the whole gland, 87% ± 5% for the TZ, and 71% ± 8% for the PZ. U‐net and ERFNet obtained, respectively, 88% ± 6% and 87% ± 6% for the whole gland, 86% ± 7% and 84% ± 7% for the TZ, and 70% ± 8% and 65 ± 8% for the PZ. Training and inference time were lowest for ENet.Data ConclusionDeep learning networks can accurately segment the prostate using T2‐weighted images.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of dengue viral disease: Involvement of immune system and newer therapeutic strategies
Authors: Niranjan Rituraj , Kishor Sumitha , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, the burden due to dengue infection is increasing with a recent estimate of 96 million progressing to the disease every year. Dengue pathogenesis and the factors influencing it are not completely known. It is now widely speculated that there is an important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the initiation and progression of dengue pathogenesis; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. Overactivation of matrix metalloproteinases may contribute to the severity of dengue pathogenesis. Cytokines and various other mediators of inflammation interact with the vascular endothelium and matrix metalloproteinases may be one of the components among them. Extensive plasma leakage into tissue spaces may result in a shock. It is evident in the literature that MMP2 and MMP9 increase in dengue patients is correlated with the severity of the disease; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Activation of innate cells and adaptive immune cells which include, B and T cells, macrophages or monocytes and dendritic cells also contribute to the dengue pathology. Newer therapeutic strategies include microRNAs, such as miR‐134 (targets MMP3 and MMP1) and MicroRNA‐320d, (targets MMP/TIMP proteolytic system). The use of antibodies‐based therapeutics like (Andecaliximab; anti‐matrix metalloproteinase‐9 antibody) is also suggested against MMPs in dengue. In this review, we summarize some recent developments associated with the involvement of immune cells and their mediators associated with the matrix metalloproteinases mediated dengue pathogenesis. We highlight that, there is still very little knowledge about the MMPs in dengue pathogenesis which needs attention and extensive investigations.
Sea‐level rise drives wastewater leakage to coastal waters and storm drains
Authors: McKenzie Tristan , Habel Shellie , Dulai Henrietta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSea‐level rise (SLR) is expected to compromise coastal wastewater infrastructure (WIS) via groundwater inundation (GWI). We conducted a field‐based study in urban Honolulu, Hawai'i using spring tides as a proxy for future sea levels to quantify the hydrologic connection of WIS. This study focused on two possible pathways: (1) direct GWI of WIS and subsequent discharge into the coastal ocean and (2) indirect inundation of WIS evidenced in storm drains. We used geochemical tracers and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) to monitor groundwater discharge and its wastewater content. Groundwater discharge and EOCs fluctuated with tides for coastal and canal groundwater and surface water samples, and storm drains, indicating tidally driven GWI and wastewater discharge. This study presents some of the first field‐based evidence for GWI of coastal WIS and demonstrates that SLR is creating additional risks to environmental and human health.
Atomically Thin van der Waals Semiconductors—A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Gies Christopher , Steinhoff Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract2D semiconductors and their heterostructures have developed into a flourishing research field. A more or less simultaneous start of experimental and theoretical developments has led to continuous advancements in both branches of physics that continue to benefit from one another in an exemplary manner. This article gives an overview of the theoretical advancements that have resulted from a decade of research on 2D van der Waals materials and reviews current theoretical methods, focussing on exciton‐plasma balance, excited‐state optics, and laser physics.
Effect on the Impact Properties of Adding Long‐Chain Branched Polypropylene in Polypropylene‐Polyolefin Elastomer Cellular Polymers Produced by Core‐Back Injection Molding
Authors: Muñoz‐Pascual Santiago , Saiz‐Arroyo Cristina , Vananroye Anja , Moldenaers Paula , Rodriguez‐Perez Miguel Angel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent blends of a linear polypropylene (L‐PP), a long‐chain branched polypropylene (LCB‐PP), and a polyolefin elastomer (POE) are prepared and foamed using core‐back injection molding. The objective is to analyze the use of POE and LCB‐PP as complementary strategies to improve cellular polymers’ impact response. Different parameters are then studied in blends and injection molded plaques to understand the samples’ mechanical behavior. Parameters such as the interfacial tension, elastomer morphology, extensional rheology, cellular structure, and crystallization behavior are characterized in detail. The addition of POE allows improving the impact response of both the solids and cellular polymers, but the stiffness is reduced. On the other hand, the substitution of L‐PP by LCB‐PP, in blends containing POE, results in solids and cellular materials with both better stiffness and better impact properties, due to the different crystalline morphology comprising the samples, a different cellular orientation, and thicker solid skin.