bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet inhibition and clinical outcomes of low dose ticagrelor in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xie Cheng , Ding Xiaoliang , Qin Qiong , Lin Jia , Zhang Yuzhen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Although current guidelines recommend ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily in ACS patients for 12 months and 60 mg twice daily in stable patients 1 to 3 years after MI with additional high-risk features, the bleeding complication was actually higher than clopidogrel. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the platelet inhibition and clinical outcomes of low dose ticagrelor in patients with CAD.
Methods

Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases were systematically searched from inception to March, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing low dose ticagrelor with standard dose clopidogrel or standard dose ticagrelor in patients with CAD. Pooled estimates were calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects model as appropriate.
Results

15 RCTs that included 15357 patients were identified. Low dose ticagrelor had no statistical differences of the risks of MACE and major bleeding compared with standard dose ticagrelor and standard dose clopidogrel (RR 0.98, 95%CI 0.87 − 1.11, P = 0.80; RR 1.35, 95%CI 0.46 − 4.00, P = 0.59; RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.68 − 1.10, P = 0.23; RR 1.46, 95%CI 0.45 − 4.76, P = 0.53, respectively). Compared with standard dose clopidogrel, low dose ticagrelor showed significantly lower platelet reaction units (PRU) (MD -118.48, 95%CI -144.33−-92.63, P ༜0.00001), rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) (RR 0.10, 95%CI 0.04 − 0.21, P ༜ 0.00001) and minor or minimal bleeding (RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.55 − 0.96, P = 0.03), but increased the incidence of dyspnea (RR 6.48, 95%CI 1.78 − 23.54, P = 0.005). Compared with standard dose ticagrelor, low dose ticagrelor showed significantly higher PRU (MD 15.45, 95%CI 5.45 − 25.44, P = 0.002) and risk of dyspnea (RR 0.81, 95%CI 0.75 − 0.88, P ༜ 0.00001), but similar rates of HTPR (RR 1.63, 95%CI 0.40 − 6.70, P = 0.50) and minor or minimal bleeding (RR 1.36, 95%CI 0.78 − 2.38, P = 0.28).
Conclusion

Low dose ticagrelor may provide an additional choice for secondary prevention in CAD patients. However, the specific dose of ticagrelor should be selected according to the patients’ clinical characteristics.
Relationship Between Biodosimetric Parameters and Treatment Volumes in Three Types of Prostate Radiotherapy
Authors: Kocsis Zsuzsa S. , Major Tibor , Pesznyák Csilla , Mihály Dalma , Stelczer Gábor , Kun-Gazda Márta , Farkas Gyöngyi , Székely Gábor , Ágoston Péter , Jorgo Kliton , Gesztesi László , Polgár Csaba , Jurányi Zsolt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) apply different dose rates, overall treatment times, energies, fractionation. However, the overall impact of these variables is neglected on the biological dose of blood. As the size of the irradiated volume also influences the biological effect, we studied chromosome aberrations (CAs) as biodosimetric parameters, and explored the relationship of isodose surface volumes (ISVs: V1%, V1Gy, V10%, V10Gy, V50Gy, V100%, V150%) and CAs in case of both irradiation modalities. We performed extended dicentrics assay of lymphocytes from 102 prostate radiotherapy patients three-monthly for a year. Aberration frequency was the highest after EBRT treatment. It increased after the therapy and did not decrease significantly during the first follow-up year. We showed that various types of CAs nine months after LDR BT, three months after HDR BT in a long time-range (even till one year) after EBRT positively correlated with ISVs. Regression analysis confirmed these relationships in case of HDR BT and EBRT. The observed differences in the time points and aberration types are discussed.The ISVs irradiated by EBRT showed stronger correlation and regression relationships with CAs than the ISVs of brachytherapy in spite of the fractionation.
Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Using Three-Stage Strategy
Authors: Huang Weimin , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is one of the crucial problems in solving multi-objective problems (MOPs) that balance the convergence and diversity of the algorithm to obtain an outstanding Pareto optimal solution set. In order to elevate the performance further and improve the optimization efficiency of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), a novel adaptive MOPSO using a three-stage strategy (tssAMOPSO) is proposed in this paper, which can effectively balance the exploration and exploitation of the population and facilitate the convergence and diversity of MOPSO. Firstly, an adaptive flight parameter adjustment, formulated by the convergence contribution of nondominated solutions, can ameliorate the convergence and diversity of the algorithm enormously. Secondly, the population carries out the three-stage strategy of optimization in each iteration, namely adaptive optimization, decomposition, and Gaussian attenuation mutation. The three-stage strategy remarkably promotes the diversity and efficiency of the optimization process. Moreover, the convergence of three-stage optimization strategy is analyzed. Then, memory interval is equipped with particles to record the recent positions, which vastly improves the reliability of personal best selection. In the maintenance of external archive, the proposed fusion index can enhance the quality of nondominated solutions directly. Finally, comparative experiments are designed by a series of benchmark instances to verify the performance of tssAMOPSO. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves admirable performance compared with other contrast algorithms.
Placement and Optimal Size of DG in the Distribution Network Based on Nodal Pricing Reduction with Nonlinear Load Model using the IABC Algorithm
Authors: Dashtdar Masoud , Najafi Mojtaba , Esmaeilbeig Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The growing use of distributed generation (DG) at the distribution level has led to a change in the status of distribution networks from a passive network to an active network such as transmission systems. Therefore, transmission network pricing methods such as nodal pricing could be used in the distribution network. DG connection to the distribution network affects bus nodal pricing. If the DG presence reduces losses and congestion in the distribution network, nodal pricing will also decrease. This paper presents a method for calculating the optimal size and place of DG in the distribution network based on nodal pricing. This planning is doing to maximize the profits of distribution companies that have used DG in their network to meet several advantages. The simulation was performing using the improved artificial bee colony algorithm (IABC). In the IABC algorithm, by exchanging the received information between bees according to Newton and gravity laws, it uses all this algorithm capacity to find the ideal answer by considering the constraints applied to the system. In most DG placement articles, network loads are assuming to constant. Because loads are often sensitive to voltage and frequency, constant load analysis leads to inaccurate results. Therefore, in this paper, the proposed method is implementing on a 38-bus radial distribution system with a model of real loads sensitive to the voltage and frequency of the system, including residential, commercial, and industrial loads.
TaffiX® nasal powder spray forms an effective barrier against infectious new variants of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Mandelboim Michal , Mendelson Ella , Drori Yaron , Atari Nofar , Lapidot Tair , Megiddo Dalia , Gladnikoff Micha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: While vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 around the world are ongoing -, new high-infectious variants of the virus are being detected. The protection of the available vaccines against some of the new variants is weaker, and experts are concerned that newer as yet undescribed variants of this mutated RNA virus will eventually prove stable against the current vaccines. Additional preventive measures will therefore be needed to protect the population until effective vaccinations are widely available.TaffiX® is a personal, anti-viral nasal powder spray comprised of low pH Hypromellose that upon insufflation into the nose creates a thin gel layer covering the nasal mucosa and forming a protective mechanical barrier that prevents viruses from engaging with nasal cells- the main portal of entry for viruses. Taffix is commercially available in many countries across Europe, Asia America and Africa. In a prior preclinical study, TaffiX® was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 in experimental in vitro conditions. A real-life clinical survey demonstrated that TaffiX® nasal spray significantly reduced the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate post mass-gathering event in a highly endemic community.Objective: The current study aimed to test the protective effect of Taffix against new pathogenic, highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro: the “British” B.1.1.7 (hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-46879-ngs/2020) and the “South African” B.1.351 (hCoV-19/Israel/CVL-2557-ngs/2020) variants.Study design: A TaffiX® gel was formed on a nylon filter, using an amount equivalent to a clinical dose of Taffix . Filters were then seeded with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (“British”) and B.1.351 (“South African”) variants. After a 10 -minute incubation at room temperature, the bottom of each filter was washed, and the resulting flow-through was collected and seeded into 24 -well plates containing Vero-E6 cells. After 5 days of incubation, a 200 µl sample from each well was taken for viral RNA extraction followed by SARS-CoV 2 RT-PCR analysis.Results: The TaffiX® gel completely blocked SARS-CoV-2 highly infectious variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in vitro, reducing the titer of recoverable infectious virus as well as viral RNA by 100%.Conclusions: Under in vitro conditions, TaffiX® formed an effective protective barrier against SARS-COV-2 variants (British variant and South African Variant). These results are consistent with prior findings demonstrating the in vitro high efficacy of Taffix gel in preventing viruses from reaching cells and infecting them. These results, added to clinical real-life studies performed with Taffix , support its use as an effective barrier against new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunction with other protective measures.
The association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy among married young women in Ethiopia
Authors: Wondie Awoke Giletew , Tessema Gizachew Assefa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdolescent and young women aged 15–24 years experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). Even though IPV has been a common challenge in low-and middle-income countries, there is a paucity of research that explored the effect of intimate partner violence on unintended pregnancy in young women, despite their vulnerability. Therefore, investigating the association between IPV and unintended pregnancy in younger population is critical for developing a multifaceted intervention to reduce the rate of unintended pregnancy and its advese consequences.MethodsData were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 706 ever married or in sexual union aged 15–24 who gave birth at least once in the last five years or became pregnant at the time of the survey were included in the final analysis. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression were carried out. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsAdolecent and young women aged 15–24 years reported 21.1% ( n = 149) unintended pregnancies and 64.2% experience at least one form of IPV (physical, sexual, emotional or marital control). Marital control (59.5%) and sexual violence (8.8%) were the most and least prevalent forms of reported IPV respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, women who ever experienced physical violence (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI = 1.02–2.34), marital control (AOR: 1.68; 95% CI = 1.13–2.48) and emotional violence (AOR: 1.90; 95% CI = 1.25–2.89) had increased odds of unintended pregnancy, compared to those who had no history of the respective form of violence.ConclusionPhysical violence, marital control and emotional violence were an important predictors of unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young girls. Therefore, reducing unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young girls requires interventions beyond increasing access to contraceptive information and services; including empowering women, promoting men's involvement in fertility control and optimizing violent relationship is critical. Including intimate partner violence screening and treatment in reproductive health services is also necessary.
Improvement of Genomic Prediction in Advanced Wheat Breeding Lines by Including Additive × additive Epistasis
Authors: Raffo Miguel Angel , Sarup Pernille , Guo Xiangyu , Liu Huiming , Andersen Jeppe Reitan , Orabi Jihad , Jahoor Ahmed , Jensen Just 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epistasis is the principal non-additive genetic effect in inbred wheat lines and can be used to develop cultivars based on total genetic merit. Correct models for variance components (VCs) estimation are needed to disentangle the genetic architecture of complex traits in wheat. We aimed to i) evaluate the performance of extended genomic best linear unbiased prediction (EG-BLUP) and the natural and orthogonal interactions approach (NOIA) for VCs estimation in a commercial wheat-breeding population, and ii) investigate whether including epistasis in genomic prediction enhance predictive ability (PA) for wheat breeding lines. In total, 2,060 sixth-generation (F6) lines from Nordic Seed A/S breeding company were phenotyped for grain yield over 21-year-x-location combinations in Denmark, and genotyped using 15K Illumina-BeadChip. Four models were used to estimate VCs and heritability at plot level: i) Baseline, ii) Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP), iii) EG-BLUP, and iv) NOIA. Narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities estimated with G-BLUP were 0.15 and 0.31, respectively. EG-BLUP and NOIA failed to achieve orthogonal partition of genetic variances. Even though NOIA removed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption, both models yielded very similar estimates, indicating that linkage disequilibrium causes the lack of orthogonality. The PA was studied using leave-one-line-out and leave-one-breeding-cycle-out cross-validations. Both EG-BLUP and NOIA increased PA significantly (16.5%) compared to G-BLUP in leave-one-line-out cross-validation. However, the improvement for including epistasis was not observed in the leave-one-breeding-cycle-out cross-validation. We conclude that although the variance partition into orthogonal genetic effects was not possible, epistatic models can be useful to enhance predictions of total genetic merit.
Integrating Bayesian Inference with Scanning Probe Experiments for Robust Identification of Surface Adsorbate Configurations
Authors: Järvi Jari , Alldritt Benjamin , Krejčí Ondřej , Todorović Milica , Liljeroth Peter , Rinke Patrick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Controlling the properties of organic/inorganic materials requires detailed knowledge of their molecular adsorption geometries. This is often unattainable, even with current state-of-the-art tools. Visualizing the structure of complex non-planar adsorbates with atomic force microscopy (AFM) is challenging, and identifying it computationally is intractable with conventional structure search. In a fresh approach, we propose to integrate cross-disciplinary tools for a robust and automated identification of 3D adsorbate configurations. We employ Bayesian optimization with first-principles simulations for accurate and unbiased structure inference of multiple adsorbates. The corresponding AFM simulations then allow us to fingerprint adsorbate structures appearing in AFM experimental images. In the instance of bulky (1S)-camphor adsorbed on the Cu(111) surface, we found three matching AFM image contrasts, which allowed us to correlate experimental image features to distinct cases of molecular adsorption.
Interests, Motives, and Psychological Burdens in Times of Crisis and Lockdown: Google Trends Analysis to Inform Policy Makers
Authors: Rotter Dominik , Doebler Philipp , Schmitz Florian 
Published: April 2021

Background
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the German government and the 16 German federal states implemented a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to decelerate the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus prevent a collapse of the health care system. These measures comprised, among others, social distancing, the temporary closure of shops and schools, and a ban of large public gatherings and meetings with people not living in the same household.

Objective
It is fair to assume that the issued NPIs have heavily affected social life and psychological functioning. We therefore aimed to examine possible effects of this lockdown in conjunction with daily new infections and the state of the national economy on people’s interests, motives, and other psychological states.

Methods
We derived 249 keywords from the Google Trends database, tapping into 27 empirically and rationally selected psychological domains. To overcome issues with reliability and specificity of individual indicator variables, broad factors were derived by means of time series factor analysis. All domains were subjected to a change point analysis and time series regression analysis with infection rates, NPIs, and the state of the economy as predictors. All keywords and analyses were preregistered prior to analysis.

Results
With the pandemic arriving in Germany, significant increases in people’s search interests were observed in virtually all domains. Although most of the changes were short-lasting, each had a distinguishable onset during the lockdown period. Regression analysis of the Google Trends data confirmed pronounced autoregressive effects for the investigated variables, while forecasting by means of the tested predictors (ie, daily new infections, NPIs, and the state of economy) was moderate at best.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that people’s interests, motives, and psychological states are heavily affected in times of crisis and lockdown. Specifically, disease- and virus-related domains (eg, pandemic disease, symptoms) peaked early, whereas personal health strategies (eg, masks, homeschooling) peaked later during the lockdown. Domains addressing social life and psychosocial functioning showed long-term increases in public interest. Renovation was the only domain to show a decrease in search interest with the onset of the lockdown. As changes in search behavior are consistent over multiple domains, a Google Trends analysis may provide information for policy makers on how to adapt and develop intervention, information, and prevention strategies, especially when NPIs are in effect.
Opinión de estudiantes de Odontología sobre mentorías como preparación para la clínica
Authors: Espinoza Droguett Daniela , Segura Solano Cristina , Navarro Hernández Nancy 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La mentoría es el proceso en el cual una persona experimentada (mentor) guía a otra (mentoreado), con el objetivo de mejorar sus habilidades y/o conocimientos, para desarrollar sus capacidades profesionales. Se implementó el Programa de Mentorías previo y durante el inicio de asignaturas clínicas de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Austral de Chile.Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los estudiantes que participaron, respecto al desarrollo del Programa.Método: Se realizó un estudio enmarcado en el paradigma cualitativo, a través de un estudio de caso intrínseco. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, intencionado, por criterio, conformado por 20 estudiantes. La recolección de datos fue mediante 8 entrevistas en profundidad y 2 grupos focales de 6 estudiantes cada uno. El análisis de datos se realizó por método de comparación constante de Glaser y Strauss, siguiendo la secuencia de Miles y Huberman: reducción de datos, disposición/transformación y obtención/verificación de conclusiones, y se utilizó el programa Atlas Ti como recurso computacional.Resultados: Se identificaron 403 unidades de significado, 24 categorías descriptivas, agrupadas en 9 metacategorías, emergiendo 3 dominios “significado de las mentorías”, “relación mentor-mentoreado”, “factores influyentes en el desarrollo del programa”.Conclusiones: El programa para la mayoría de los mentoreados fue significativo y beneficioso en los ámbitos académicos, profesional y personal, aumentando su autoconfianza. También evidenció una transición en la relación docente/estudiante, de una lejana a un vínculo cercano, de acompañamiento y guía constante. Ellos hubiesen esperado un acompañamiento permanente en todo el ciclo clínico y sugieren que los docentes participantes tengan formación pedagógica.
Aprendizaje autorregulado en médicos de pregrado en época de COVID-19
Authors: García-Montalvo Iván Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El aprendizaje autorregulado se identifica como un proceso activo, independiente, autónomo, crítico, adaptativo, reflexivo y estratégico, para lograr una formación integral, superación continua, autodeterminación, autonomía y actualización permanente.Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de analizar las estrategias de autorregulación de los estudiantes de pregrado durante la pandemia por COVID-19 adscritos a la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad Regional Sureste para el ciclo lectivo 2020-A.Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-transversal, la muestra se obtuvo mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple entre estudiantes de primero a quinto año, con sustitución de elementos de exclusión, el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario Torre adaptado (2007) y validado para este estudio.Resultados: Los sujetos de estudio demostraron una adecuada conciencia, control y verificación metacognitiva, además de tener un procesamiento activo durante las clases virtuales; sin embargo, presentan poco esfuerzo en la realización de las tareas, lo que nos lleva a establecer recomendaciones para la práctica educativa que refuerce sobre todo la enseñanza en el ámbito universitario de las ciencias de la salud.Conclusiones: El 70% de los estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad Regional del Sureste, se consideran autorreguladores en su proceso de aprendizaje durante este confinamiento derivado por la pandemia.