bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF FUEL WOOD AND CHARCOAL IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Samira Bello  , Kibbon Adamu Usman , Akpu Akpu Benedine 
Published: July 2021

Energy use is an essential requirement for socioeconomic development of any society. This research aimed at analyzing fuel wood and charcoal distribution pattern in Zaria Local Government Area Kaduna State Nigeria. The aim was achieved through the following objectives which are to: identify the distribution of fuel wood depots in the study area; analyse the distribution pattern of fuel wood in the study area and examine the seasonality, time and mode of fuel wood distribution in the study area. This research used both quantitative and qualitative method in data analysis. Findings from the research revealed two types of fuel wood vendor depots exists in the study area which are classified as either major or minor types which shows that fuel wood vendor depots are mostly concentrated around the residential areas especially within the built-up land, also, charcoal is mostly sourced around Kachia and Lokoja Abuja Express way. Results from in-depth interview with the fuel wood vendors indicates that there are two types of fuel wood vendors: the mobile and the stationary vendors. It has been recommended in this study that the Government should come up with a policy guidelines to regulate and sanitise the number of minor fuel wood depots in the study area for a cleaner, safer and regulated environment. The relevant authorities should promulgate penalties for violators of the policy guidelines in order to ensure that the environment is kept safe from soil degradation as a result of the activities of the fuel wood depots and environmental pollution.
PENGARUH PEMAPARAN AIR LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KONDISI FISIK TANAMAN BAMBU AIR (Equisetium hymale)
Authors: Mubarak Fajriah , Mawardi Abdul. L , Elfrida Elfrida 
Published: July 2021

Industri kelapa sawit berkembang dengan pesat dan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan limbah industri. Tanaman bambu air (Equisetium hymale) merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki kandungan silikat yang tinggi memiliki fungsi mengikat partikel logam berat dalam limbah industri. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu mengetahui dampak pemarapan air limbah kelapa sawit yang mengandung logam berat timbal (Pb) terhadap kondisi fisik tanaman bambu air (Equisetium hymale). Sampel yang digunakan berupa limbah cair kelapa sawit, proses pengambilan sampel diambil pada pengolahan limbah dalam kolam pembuangan limbah pertama dan kolam pembuangan limbah terakhir sebanyak 6000 ml, kemudian dimasukan kedalam jerigen plastik. Hasil uji menunjukan bahwa tanaman bambu air mengalami perubahan morfologi batang dari warna hijau menjadi hijau kekuningan yang disebabkan aktifitas kimiawi antara air limbah kelapa sawit yang mengandung senyawa Pb dengan tanaman.
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL STUDENT TEAM ACHIVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) DAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN KELAS VIII DI SMP N 6 LANGSA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Kartini Kartini , Nursamsu Nursamsu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Education is the process of changing the attitudes and behavior of a person or group who in an effort to mature themselves through teaching and education efforts, when talking about education people will tend to think about school or tertiary education, even though the notion of education is not only related to school, but also regarding grades students. This study aims to determine differences in student learning outcomes and which model is better for learning outcomes using the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Numbered Head Together (NHT) models on the structure and function material of plant networks in class VIII at SMP N 6 Langsa. 2019/2020 lessons. The method used is an experimental method with instruments in the form of written tests. The results obtained prove that there is a comparison of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) model with Numbered Head Together on the learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMP N 6 Langsa in the 2019/2020 school year, with the testing criteria -t_ (1-1 / 2 α) <t <t_ (1-1 / 2 α) with a value of -2.008 - 0.025≤ 5.97 ≤ 2.008 - 0.025 is the same as -2.033 ≤ 5.79 ≤ 1.983. With a difference in the comparison of learning outcomes of 2.46. Material for the structure and function of plant tissue for class VIII at SMP N 6 Langsa in the 2019/2020 school year.
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI DESA ALUR DUA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Rahmad Yefri , Albian Mubarak  , Elfrida  , Mawardi  
Published: July 2021

Hutan mangrove adalah hutan yang dapat tumbuh di daerah pesisir pantai atau hutan yang dekat dengan muara sungai. Hutan ini merupakan hutan yang dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan pasang surut air laut. Tumbuhan ini dapat dijumpai di wilayah tropis dan subtropis yang terlindungi dari hamparan ombak. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah Untuk mengetahui Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Mangrove di Desa Alur Dua dan mengetahui jenis tumbuhan mangrove manakah yang paling dominan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode jalur berpetak,teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan jalur berpetak dengan ukuran 10 m x 10 m. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan mangrove sebesarH’= 2,1005 tergolong sedang.Ditemukan 6 mangrove sejati dan 4 mangrove ikutan. Spesies yang paling dominan adalah Aegialitis annulata dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman 0,3621 sedangkan spesies yang terendah adalah Hibicus teleacius dengan indeks keanekaragaman 0,1677. Disarankan kepada masyarakat agar menjaga lingkungan khususnya didaerah pesisir agar habitat tumbuhan mangrove tetap terjaga.
KELIMPAHAN PLANKTON DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI PELAWI KECAMATAN BABALAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Septia Dewi Sri , Mawardi Mawardi 
Published: July 2021

Plankton merupakan organisme air yang hidup melayang-layang dan pergerakannya sangat dipengaruhi oleh gerakan air. Plankton merupakan organism yang peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan sehingga jumlah spesies plankton tertentu dapat digunakan sebagai indikator pencemaran suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan kelimpahan relatif plankton yang terdapatdi Perairan Sungai Pelawi Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel terdiri dari 3 stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan plankton sebesar 16,93ind/L dengan kriteria kategori rendah, nilai kelimpahan relatif plankton sebesar 95,94% dengan kriteria kategori tinggi.
PERBANDINGAN BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa Bilimbi ) DAN DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum Sanctum ) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET ALAMI IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrellinger sp.)
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Marjanah Marjanah 
Published: July 2021

Ikan kembung merupakan salah satu spesies ikan dan komoditas pangan yang mudah mengalami kemunduran mutu. Buah belimbing wuluh dan daun kemangi dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagai pengawet, karena mengandung senyawa kimia yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi ) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum ) sebagai bahan pengawet alami terhadap nilai organoleptik ikan kembung (Rastrellinger sp.). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Experimental Laboratories. Penelitian menggunakan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang terdiri (ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh P1=30%,P3=40%, P5=50% dan ekstrak daun kemangi P2=30%, P4=40%, P6=50%) dengan waktu penyimpanan selama 24 jam dan menggunakan 15 panelis semi terlatih. Data organoleptik dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA faktorial. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara buah belimbing wuluh dan daun kemangi terhadap daya tahan ikan kembung. Daun kemangi dengan konsentrasi 50% lebih efektif digunakan sebagai pengawet alami ikan kembung (Rastrellinger sp.).
Radiation therapy‐associated toxicity: Etiology, management, and prevention
Authors: Wang Kyle , Tepper Joel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for many malignancies and provides effective palliation in patients with tumor‐related symptoms. However, the biophysical effects of RT are not specific to tumor cells and may produce toxicity due to exposure of surrounding organs and tissues. In this article, the authors review the clinical context, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, and management of RT side effects in each human organ system. Ionizing radiation works by producing DNA damage leading to tumor death, but effects on normal tissue may result in acute and/or late toxicity. The manifestation of toxicity depends on both cellular characteristics and affected organs' anatomy and physiology. There is usually a direct relationship between the radiation dose and volume to normal tissues and the risk of toxicity, which has led to guidelines and recommended dose limits for most tissues. Side effects are multifactorial, with contributions from baseline patient characteristics and other oncologic treatments. Technological advances in recent decades have decreased RT toxicity by dramatically improving the ability to deliver RT that maximizes tumor dose and minimizes organ dose. Thus the study of RT‐associated toxicity is a complex, core component of radiation oncology training that continues to evolve alongside advances in cancer management. Because RT is used in up to one‐half of all patients with cancer, an understanding of its acute and late effects in different organ systems is clinically pertinent to both oncologists and nononcologists.
Ciência e espiritualidade em saúde: a urgência desafiada pelos tempos de pandemia
Authors: Reis Naires Roger dos , Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes 
Published: July 2021

Este Editorial toma por base aspectos discutidos pelos autores na dissertação de mestrado intitulada “(Des)Caminhos entre ciência, saúde e espiritualidade: inflexões e reflexões em tempos pandêmicos”, defendida em 06 de maio de 2021, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem – Mestrado Acadêmico – da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, sendo o primeiro autor o mestrando e o segundo, a orientadora.
O ano de 2020 mudou a forma humana de existir no mundo, surpreendido pela declaração da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em março daquele ano, como pandemia causada por um novo coronavírus (SARS CoV-2), de vertiginosa transmissibilidade, indo a representar até hoje impacto de Emergência na Saúde Pública. A doença foi chamada de COVID-19, por ter sido descrita em novembro/dezembro de 2019, na China, de onde se transmitiu rapidamente para o mundo...
Association of Hypothyroidism with Infrequent Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Habib Monsur , Khatun Farida , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Rashid Md Mamnur , Islam Mahmudul , Ghosh Shapon Kumar , Ahmed Kamal 
Published: July 2021

Background: Tension-type headache is a common neurological problem among general population of Bangladesh.
Objective: This study was undertaken to ascertain the frequency of subclinical and over hypothyroidism in patients with infrequent TTH.
Methodology: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Dhaka medical college in Bangladesh. The study subjects consisted of 200 patients primary headache disorders. Thyroid function test were performed. All four sub-types of tension type headache were considered to include in the study, namely: Infrequent episodic (or infrequent), frequent episodic (or frequent), chronic sub-type and probable sub-type.
Result: Forty percent (40%) patients in this study had infrequent TTH, 30% had frequent episodic TTH, 21% had chronic sub-type of TTH and 9% patients had probable sub-type of TTH. overt hypothyroidism. Among 46 patients with frequent episodic TTH 10 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism and 4 patients had overt hypothyroidism. Out of 18 patients with probable TTH 3 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism but no patient was overt hypothyroid. Out of 42 chronic TTH patients 12 had subclinical and another 12 had overt hypothyroidism. Statistically significant difference was seen among different sub-types of headache in relation to thyroid status.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is found to be a co morbidity or precipitating factors to be development of infrequent type of tension-type headache.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 60-64
ASSESSMENT OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM
Authors: Shah Syed Adnan , Khan Dr Mujahid , Qayuum Ikramullah , Ashar Malik 
Published: July 2021

The life of the inhabitants of the globe is greatly dependant on water. Providing portable water to communities is of prime interest. Scarcity of water is a threat in near future in Pakistan. There is a need to search for alternate sources of water to fulfil the community requirement. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system is a better alternative. Keeping in view the vast application of this system, it is adopted as an alternative source of water in a village of Abbottabad city where there is scarcity of water. According to Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), the currently available gravity system and three tube wells are not sufficient to supply water to all the population. For this study, first, the rainfall data is collected and then by using the principle of rainwater harvesting system, the quantity of available water is calculated. The calculations were made using SCS curve number method using mean monthly rainfall depth. From calculation, we found that not only for current population but for population in 2028 can also be served by storing the water that we get from Rainwater Harvesting system if stored in a reservoir. But after 20 years i.e. in 2038, there will be deficiency of 146, 449 gallons per day of water for entire community which can easily be arranged from a small tube well. Therefore, on the basis of this study, it was recommended to the PHED of Abbottabad city to store the rainwater in a reservoir so that it can be easily utilised.
Online classified Advertisements & consumer Buying Behavior: A case of analyzing the behavior of Karachi Buyers towards “OLX”
Authors: Rafiq Asim 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this case study is to evaluate the impact of classified online ads available to shoppers for their convenience and to examine their buying behavior in Karachi. In this study sample size of 270 respondents has been taken by using a convenient sampling technique. Internet is a feasible option of buying products so, the variables used in this study as an independent variable are usability, interactivity, trust, marketing mix, aesthetics, and the dependent variable is consumer buying behavior. Factor analysis, Regression analysis and Reliability analysis are the statistical methods used in this study to analyze the results. Results show that usability, interactivity, trust and marketing mix has a positive impact on consumer buying behavior while classified ads webs are weak in the aesthetics area and also lacking in retaining consumer interests in purchasing. After including demographics variables and excluding the limitation of this study for a specific area, a researcher could expedite research from a new perspective. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge as it is the first case study that targets the online medium of purchase in the context of Karachi.
Socio-economic and cultural factors influencing farmers’ group participation for commercialization of apiculture among small holder farmers in Homa bay county, Kenya
Authors: Ondunga Joseph , Olweny Calleb , Mosi Reuben 
Published: July 2021

In Kenya, many government policies target apiculture farmer groups as the vehicle for agricultural development. However, it has been realised that there is low level of membership to these groups both at individual and household levels with a marked regional dimension for apiculture farmers. As a result, commercialization of apiculture remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to identify socio-economic and cultural factors that influence group participation for commercialization of apiculture among small holder farmers. The study used survey method. Five farmer groups were purposely selected for focus group discussion to capture various determinants of group participation among the apiculture small holder farmers. Data were collected through face-to-face interview technique. Analysis involved both descriptive and inferential whereby Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used to process and analyse the collected data. Descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency such as frequencies, means and standard deviation were applied to the data. For inferential statistics t-test, chi-square and regression of the independent variables was used to test the rate of influence of independent variables on dependent variable. Results unveiled that for every unit increase of socio-economic and cultural factors leads to an increase in commercialization of apiculture through group participation among small holder farmers by 0.741 (β= 0.741) units and was statistically significant (p=0.007, p< 0.05). Therefore, household income, farm size, age and family size were the major socio-economic and cultural factors that are significant and strongly influence group participation for commercialization of apiculture. From the findings, socio-economic and cultural factors influence farmer group participation most hence they should be addressed appropriately to enhance commercialization of apiculture.
Critically Ill vs. Non-Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: Clinical Features, Laboratory Findings, and Prediction
Authors: Hong Wandong , Chen Qin , Qian Songzan , Basharat Zarrin , Zimmer Vincent , Wang Yumin , Zippi Maddalena , Pan Jingye 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features and laboratory findings of patients with and without critical COVID-19 pneumonia and identify predictors for the critical form of the disease.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 63 COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively reviewed. Laboratory parameters were also collected within 3–5 days, 7–9 days, and 11–14 days of hospitalization. Outcomes were followed up until March 12, 2020.ResultsTwenty-two patients developed critically ill pneumonia; one of them died. Upon admission, older patients with critical illness were more likely to report cough and dyspnoea with higher respiration rates and had a greater possibility of abnormal laboratory parameters than patients without critical illness. When compared with the non-critically ill patients, patients with serious illness had a lower discharge rate and longer hospital stays, with a trend towards higher mortality. The interleukin-6 level in patients upon hospital admission was important in predicting disease severity and was associated with the length of hospitalization.ConclusionsMany differences in clinical features and laboratory findings were observed between patients exhibiting non-critically ill and critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia. Non-critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia also needs aggressive treatments. Interleukin-6 was a superior predictor of disease severity.
Patients With Deep Ovarian Suppression Following GnRH Agonist Long Protocol May Benefit From a Modified GnRH Antagonist Protocol: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Shan , Liu Minghui , Li Lingxiu , Li Huanhuan , Qu Danni , Ren Haiying , Su Hui , Zhang Yang , Li Yuan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo verify if patients with deep ovarian suppression following gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol may benefit from a modified GnRH antagonist protocol based on luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity-based hospital.Patients110 patients exhibited ultra-low LH levels during ovarian stimulation using GnRH agonist long protocol.Intervention(s)As all the embryos in the first cycle were exhausted without being pregnant, these patients proposed to undergo a second cycle of ovarian stimulation. 74 of them were treated with a modified GnRH antagonist protocol based on LH levels. Other 36 patients were still stimulated following GnRH agonist long protocol.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR). The second outcomes were biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) and cancellation rate.ResultsReproductive outcomes were much better in the modified GnRH antagonist protocol. The OPR and LBR were much higher in the GnRH antagonist protocol group than in the GnRH agonist long protocol group [odds ratio (OR) 3.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47, 10.61, P=0.018; OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.38, 13.60, P=0.008; respectively]. Meanwhile, the cancellation rate was much lower in the GnRH antagonist protocol group (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02, 0.72; P=0.014). Mean LH level during stimulation did not have a predictive value on live birth. However, it was independently associated with the occurrence of ongoing pregnancy (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.25, 5.85; P=0.01). The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with the data mentioned above. The patients got completely different and excellent clinical outcomes in their second cycles stimulated with the modified GnRH antagonist protocol.ConclusionPatients with deep ovarian suppression following GnRH agonist long protocol may benefit from a modified GnRH antagonist protocol based on LH levels.
Prediction of 30-Day Readmission After Stroke Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Lineback Christina M. , Garg Ravi , Oh Elissa , Naidech Andrew M. , Holl Jane L. , Prabhakaran Shyam 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: This study aims to determine whether machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) from electronic health records (EHR) improve the prediction of 30-day readmission after stroke.Methods: Among index stroke admissions between 2011 and 2016 at an academic medical center, we abstracted discrete data from the EHR on demographics, risk factors, medications, hospital complications, and discharge destination and unstructured textual data from clinician notes. Readmission was defined as any unplanned hospital admission within 30 days of discharge. We developed models to predict two separate outcomes, as follows: (1) 30-day all-cause readmission and (2) 30-day stroke readmission. We compared the performance of logistic regression with advanced ML algorithms. We used several NLP methods to generate additional features from unstructured textual reports. We evaluated the performance of prediction models using a five-fold validation and tested the best model in a held-out test dataset. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to compare discrimination of each model.Results: In a held-out test dataset, advanced ML methods along with NLP features out performed logistic regression for all-cause readmission (AUC, 0.64 vs. 0.58; p &lt; 0.001) and stroke readmission prediction (AUC, 0.62 vs. 0.52; p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: NLP-enhanced machine learning models potentially advance our ability to predict readmission after stroke. However, further improvement is necessary before being implemented in clinical practice given the weak discrimination.