bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and compressibility characteristics of soil stabilized with plastic bag strips
Authors: K Jayasree P , Simon Monica , A Vismaya , S Vinod J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the potential application of utilizing plastic bag strips (PBS) in improving the strength and compressibility behavior of soils. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and consolidation tests were carried out for different proportions of plastic bag strip reinforced soil. The effect of the thickness (t) and aspect ratio (AR) on the UCS and compressibility characteristics of PBS reinforced soil was investigated. The thicknesses of PBS used were 15 µm, 30 µm and 45 µm which were added in varying concentrations (0.1%-0.7%) at different aspect ratios 1, 2 and 2.5. The laboratory results clearly show that PBS have a significant influence on the UCS and compressibility behavior of soil. In addition, the peak value of UCS (qu) increases with the thickness and AR of PBS. A significant improvement in qu has been found for 0.5% addition of PBS. Moreover, the swelling behavior of soil has significantly reduced with the addition of PBS.
Hydraulic conductivity behavior of soilcrete specimens created from dredging sand, cement, and bentonite
Authors: Tran-Nguyen Hoang-Hung , Luong Bich Thi , Nguyen Phong Duy , Nguyen Khanh Duy Tuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dredging sand is an inexpensive material utilized to rise elevations of highway embankments and earth levee bodies in the Southern Vietnam. However, high permeability of the dredging sand can cause failures due to seepage flows during annual flood seasons. The dredging sand mixing cement with or without bentonite is expected to be suitable low permeability as an impermeable material. However, hydraulic conductivity of soilcrete and bentonite specimens created from dredging sand taken in the Mekong delta has limit research data. This study aims at better understanding the hydraulic conductivity of dredging sand samples taken in Dong Thap province mixed with cement and bentonite. The effects of the hydraulic conductivity of soilcrete and bentonite soilcrete specimens on time, cement contents, bentonite contents, cement types, and hydraulic gradients were investigated. The tests followed the ASTM D5084 standard using the both falling head-constant tailwater and falling head-rising tailwater methods. The results indicate that: (1) the hydraulic conductivity of the soilcrete and bentonite specimens decreased with increasing in testing duration and cement contents; (2) the hydraulic conductivity of the soilcrete specimens was lower 104 to 105 times than that of the compacted sand; (3) the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite soilcrete specimens was lower 10 times than those of the soilcrete specimens; (5) the PCS cement can induce long-term reduction of soilcrete hydraulic; (6) effect of hydraulic gradients on soilcrete hydraulic conductivity was ignorable; (6) the soilcrete hydraulic conductivity varies from 10− 9 to 10− 10 m/s.
Neuronal State Theory of Cognition, Learning, Sleep and Dreams
Authors: Ali Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding the workings of brain and nervous system; the cognitive processes they run has fascinated humanity for centuries. In an attempt to answer these questions, this paper presents a novel framework called ‘Neuronal State Theory’ rooted in the notion that a neuron has different neuronal states resulting from the concentrations of ionic species inside neurons. It is shown how all cognitive processes result from neuronal state theory. Furthermore, it is also shown all cognitive research fields (attention, memories, learning, imagination, sleep and dreams) emerge and are different aspects of the same presented framework.
Identification of Social Barriers in the EthnoConfessional Space of Public Communication of Border Regions
Authors: Zotov V. V. , Alekseenko A. I. 
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is substantiated by to the need to develop effective measures for localization and overcoming possible negative consequences of ethnoconfessional processes in the border regions of the Russian Federation, which is achieved with a developed level of the ethno-confessional space of public communication. The methodology for organizing such a space is based on the concept of public values management, which considers social development through the prism of active involvement of stakeholders in the discussion of socially significant tasks and participation in the implementation of the decisions made. The aim of the work is to determine the social barriers of this space that impede the interaction of its stakeholders. Based on systematization of relevant publications, the authors reveal the essence of the concept of “social barrier of communication” and classify them; based on the expert survey conducted by the authors in 2020 among representatives of the main stakeholders, level of manifestation of the identified social barriers is determined.Scientific novelty of the paper consists in the introduction of the definition of social barriers in the ethno-confessional space of public communications, the author’s classification of these barriers based on the structure of two-way symmetric communication, within which communicators, message, channels, efficiency / result and situation can be distinguished. This classification made it possible to single out the following social barriers to communication: for communicators, these barriers are manifested as low activity and initiative, differences in the thesauri of communicators and their low communicative and communication competence; for messages – falsification of messages and imitation of the communication process; for communication channels – their mismatch and a feedback barrier; for the expected result – its mismatch; for a communication situation – the displacement of the actualization of events. According to the expert survey, among these barriers, the key ones are low activity and initiative of representatives of stakeholders, the desire to imitate the communication process instead of real dialogue and partnership, and the lack of feedback (lack of reaction of some stakeholders to the actions of others).
Statistical downscaling of precipitation using inclusive multiple modelling (IMM) at two levels
Authors: Sadeghfam Sina , Khatibi Rahman , Moradian Tara , Daneshfaraz Rasoul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Topical research on hydrological behaviour of climate change in terms of downscaling of monthly precipitation is investigated in this paper by formulating an inclusive multiple modelling (IMM) strategy. IMM strategies manage multiple models at two levels and the paper uses statistical downscaling model, Sugeno fuzzy logic and support vector machine at Level 1 and feeds their outputs to a neuro-fuzzy model at Level 2. In the downscaling stage, large-scale NCEP (National Centres for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR (National Centre for Atmospheric Research) data are used for a station with local data record from 1961 to 2005 for training and testing Level 1 models. The results are found to be ‘fit-for-purpose’, but the variations between them signify some room for improvements. The model at Level 2 combines outputs of those at Level 1 and produces Level 2 results, which improve compared with those at the Level 1 models in terms of dispersion of residual errors. In this way, IMM provides a more defensible modelling strategy for application in the projection stage. The comparison between observed and projected precipitation indicates that precipitation will be likely to reduce compared with observed precipitation in cold seasons (October–February), but the projected precipitation will be likely to increase slightly in wet seasons (April and May).
Epigenetic Mechanisms Mediate Nicotine-Induced Reward and Behaviour
in Zebrafish
Authors: Faillace Maria P. , Bernabeu Ramón O. 
Published: July 2021

:
Nicotine induces long-term changes in the neural activity of the mesocorticolimbic reward
pathway structures. The mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully characterized.
The hypothesis discussed here proposed that epigenetic regulation participates in the installation
of persistent adaptations and long-lasting synaptic plasticity generated by nicotine action on the
mesolimbic dopamine neurons of zebrafish. The epigenetic mechanisms induced by nicotine entail
histone and DNA chemical modifications, which have been described to lead to changes in gene expression.
Among the enzymes that catalyze epigenetic chemical modifications, histone deacetylases
(HDACs) remove acetyl groups from histones, thereby facilitating DNA relaxation and making
DNA more accessible to gene transcription. DNA methylation, which is dependent on DNA methyltransferase
(DNMTs) activity, inhibits gene expression by recruiting several methyl binding proteins
that prevent RNA polymerase binding to DNA. In zebrafish, phenylbutyrate (PhB), an HDAC inhibitor,
abolishes nicotine rewarding properties together with a series of typical reward-associated behaviors.
Furthermore, PhB and nicotine alter long- and short-term object recognition memory in
zebrafish, respectively. Regarding DNA methylation effects, a methyl group donor L-methionine
(L-met) was found to dramatically reduce nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in
zebrafish. Simultaneous treatment with DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (AZA) was found
to reverse the L-met effect on nicotine-induced CPP as well as nicotine reward-specific effects on
genetic expression in zebrafish. Therefore, pharmacological interventions that modulate epigenetic
regulation of gene expression should be considered as a potential therapeutic method to treat nicotine
addiction.
Progression in Moyamoya Disease: Clinical Features, Neuroimaging
Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xiao Weiping , Zhang Qing , Xia Ding , Gao Peng , Su Jiabin , Yang Heng , Gao Xinjie , Ni Wei , Lei Yu , Gu Yuxiang 
Published: July 2021

:
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive
stenosis of the arteries of the circle of Willis, with the formation of collateral vascular network
at the base of the brain. Its clinical manifestations are complicated. Numerous studies have attempted
to clarify the clinical features of MMD, including its epidemiology, genetic characteristics,
and pathophysiology. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, various neuroimaging
modalities with different advantages have deepened the understanding of MMD in terms of structural,
functional, spatial, and temporal dimensions. At present, the main treatment for MMD focuses on
neurological protection, cerebral blood flow reconstruction, and neurological rehabilitation, such as
pharmacological treatment, surgical revascularization, and cognitive rehabilitation. In this review,
we discuss recent progress in understanding the clinical features, in the neuroimaging evaluation
and treatment of MMD.
Atopic Dermatitis: Conventional and Integrative Medicine
Authors: Hon Kam Lun , Chu Samantha , Leung Alexander K.C. , Wong Alex 
Published: July 2021

:
Although Western medicine and ideas about atopic dermatitis (AD) have become popular
in many Asian countries, local beliefs about the disease and its treatment often prevail. The multi-
racial background of these countries as well as the influence of the diverse religions (such as Taoism
and Ramadan) in these regions often lead to diverse belief systems about the causes of AD
(such as the Chi concept, also known as the balance of yin and yang) and the types of treatment
(e.g. herbal remedies, topical versus concoctions, and decoctions). In addition, many of the cultural
practices are preserved among the Southeast Asian minorities residing in the United Kingdom and
North America. Eastern treatments typically take a holistic approach to AD and emphasize the psychosomatic
component of the disorder. This overview provides a summary of the difference between
Conventional, Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine in terms of epidemiology,
aetiology, therapy, and prognosis in children with AD. There are a number of similarities in
genetic and environmental factors in epidemiology and aetiology; however, differences exist in
terms of the concept of management. Complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese
medicine, and integrative medicine usage are not only prevalent among the Asian population but
are also becoming more popular and accepted in Western societies.
MicroRNAs Involved in Oxidative Stress Processes Regulating Physiological
and Pathological Responses
Authors: Xu Yongjie , Huang Xunhe , Luo Qingbin , Zhang Xiquan 
Published: July 2021

:
Oxidative stress influences several physiological and pathological cellular events, including
cell differentiation, excessive growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response.
Therefore, oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including pulmonary
fibrosis, epilepsy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease,
and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved
in the development of various diseases caused by oxidative stress and that miRNAs may be
useful to determine the inflammatory characteristics of immune responses during infection and disease.
In this review, we describe the known effects of miRNAs on reactive oxygen species to induce
oxidative stress and miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in the uncoupling of Keap1-Nrf2
complexes. Finally, we summarized the functions of miRNAs in several antioxidant genes. Understanding
the crosstalk between miRNAs and oxidative stress-inducing factors during physiological
and pathological cellular events may have implications for the design of more effective treatments
for immune diseases.
Optimization of Die Design to Abolish Surface Defect on Telescopic Front Fork (TFF) Tube
Authors: Choudhary Asit Kumar , Prasad Braj Bihari 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The telescopic fork is mainly used for suspension purposes in different devices
to absorb the vibration and disturbances which come from the road or mechanical devices.
Factors such as die angle, drawing velocity, lubrication, and area reduction per pass significantly
affect the drawing loads and residual stresses formed in the drawn tube during the tube drawing
process.

Objective:
An instantaneous transverse crack was found on the pipe's outer surface during the drawing
process in the current work, and the key challenges were to reduce the percentage of pipe rejection.

Methods:
In this work, optimum drawing die designs were proposed by using the Finite Element
Method (FEM). The FEM solving tool is called Abaqus, and it has been used for simulating and
solving the cold-rolling process. The FEM model of cold drawing process is generated in Abaqus
with the same boundary condition (Axial load and constrain) as used on the actual wire drawing
machine.

Result:
With current die geometry, there was a substantial reduction in area, axial stress (Tensile)
along the die side is 672 MPa, which is 23 % lower than the current die axial stress value 877 MPa.
There was 48 % plastic strain found along the purposed die side, which was 17 % lower than the existing
strain of 64%. Finally, the area was reduced by changing the die geometry from the current
level of ~52% to 35 to 40 %.

Conclusion:
By reducing the area (35 to 40 %) in the output tube, and strain (17 %), it was possible
to abolish the transverse crack on the pipe's outer surface. As part of the optimisation of the FEM
work process, this work gives us encouraging results. Further research will be considered for future
work.
Primary Care Psychiatry eConsults at a Rural Academic Medical Center: Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Avery Jade , Dwan Dennis , Sowden Gillian , Duncan Matthew 
Published: July 2021

Background
Primary care providers serve a crucial role in addressing the mental health needs of many patients. However, there are times when input from a psychiatric specialist may be helpful in supporting the mental health care provided in primary care. Psychiatry eConsults can serve as a valuable tool in providing specialist advice for primary care physicians when direct referral to specialty care is not readily available.

Objective
The goal of this study is to evaluate the content and implementation of psychiatric eConsults by primary care providers in a rural academic medical center.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of 343 eConsults placed between May 2016 and February 2019 by primary care providers at a single academic medical center. The content of eConsult requests, including patient diagnosis, consult question type, specialist recommendations, patient demographics, the distance of patient and primary care providers from the consulting provider, rate of implementation of the recommendation, and response time, were analyzed.

Results
The most common diagnoses associated with eConsults were depression (162/450, 36%) and anxiety (118/450, 26%). The most commonly asked eConsult question was regarding medication management, including medication choice, side effects, interactions, and medication taper (288/343, 84%). More than one recommendation was included in 76% (259/343) of eConsults, and at least one recommendation was implemented by the primary care provider in 94% (282/300) of eConsults. The average time to respond to an eConsult was 26 hours.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that psychiatry eConsults can be conducted in a timely manner and that primary care providers implement the recommendations at a high rate.
Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu Dengan Kualitas Tidur Pada Lansia Beresiko Diabetes Melitus Di Posyandu Desa Kincang Wetan Kota Madiun
Authors: Yuliadarwati Nungki Marlian , Harianto Tantia Dewi , Yulianti Atika Yulianti 
Published: July 2021

Latar belakang Di Indonesia angka kejadian diabetes melitus mencapai peringkat 5 dunia berdasarkan Federasi Diabetes Internasional. Diabetes melitus adalah kondisi kadar gula darah tinggi (hiperglikemi). Kadar gula darah tinggi menimbulkan gejala yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pada malam hari. Lansia sering mengalami kualitas tidur buruk karena proses penuaan. Kualitas tidur buruk berdampak pada kemampuan aktivitas sehari-hari. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar gula sewaktu dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia beresiko diabetes melitus di Posyandu Desa Kincang Wetan Kota Madiun. Metode penelitian penelitian bersifat desktriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan observasional dengan disain penelitian cross sectional jumlah sampel 61 orang diambil dengan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan mengukur kadar gula darah sewaktu menggunakan glucotest dan memberikan kuisioner kualitas tidur Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dalam pengambilan data. Hasil hasil penelitian menggunakan Spearman rho didapatkan nilai signifikansi 0.001 atau p kurang dari 0.05 sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia beresiko diabetes melitus di Posyandu Desa Kincang Wetan Kota Madiun. Kata kunci Kadar gula sewaktu Kualitas tidur Lansia Diabetes Melitus
INFORMATION SECURITY IN LAWYERS’ PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Zaborovskyy Viktor 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the issues of ensuring information security in lawyers’ activities, primarily in the context of revealing the theoretical and applied aspects of maintaining the legal professional privilege policy when an advocate uses information technologies.
In the process of studying the subject matter of this paper the authors applied a set of general scientific and specific methods being characteristic of legal science, both to achieve the aim of the work as well as to ensure the scientific objectivity, thoroughness, reliability and credibility of the obtained results. In particular, with the help of the system-structural method the general structure of the scientific research was formed, which enabled the authors to elaborate the issue in question and solve the set tasks profoundly. The dialectical method of cognizing legal reality has made it possible to analyze different types (classes) of threats to the information security of advocacy. The general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis have been extensively employed in this scientific paper.
This article reveals the theoretical approaches of scholars to determining the nature and types (classes) of threats to the information security of advocacy activity, as well as clarifies the provisions of the domestic legislator which are aimed at ensuring the protection of advocate secrecy (also know as attorney-client privilege). The major part of the work is devoted to the analysis of practical aspects related to the implementation of advocacy guarantees that aim to ensure information security, in particular, such as bans on interfering with communication between a lawyer and a client, the advocate’s testimonial immunity, and guarantees in case of searching or inspecting the dwelling, the advocate’s other possessions, premises where he conducts advocacy practices). Attention is drawn to the main shortcomings in the regulatory framework for the aforementioned guarantees and there have also been put forth the appropriate proposals to remedy them, taking into account, first of all, the experience of foreign countries and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
On the basis of the conducted research, it is concluded that ensuring the proper level of information security in a lawyer’s activity depends not only on the quality of legal regulation, in particular, the guarantees of a lawyer’s activity and their observance in practice, but also on the fact whether a lawyer himself takes into account the possible security threats to his information activity. (of all its classes).
The use of information technologies by a lawyer in his professional activity is aimed not only at improving the ability to obtain, process, store and transmit information of any kind, but also requires that an advocate should take more active steps to ensure its confidentiality (the adequate level of information security of advocacy).