bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Einführung
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung„Si vis pacem para pacem“ (wenn du den Frieden willst, bereite den Frieden vor) – unter dieser Maxime steht das Leitbild des gerechten Friedens. Es steht „für einen fundamentalen Wandel in der ethischen Praxis“ und setzt „andere Bewertungsgrundlagen und Handlungskriterien voraus“ (ÖRK 2011a, Präambel). Ausgehend von Psalm 85,11 „dass Gerechtigkeit und Friede sich küssen“ sowie Jesaja 32,17 „der Gerechtigkeit Frucht wird Friede sein, und der Ertrag der Gerechtigkeit ewige Stille und Sicherheit“ (vgl. auch Jak 3,18) werden Frieden und Gerechtigkeit wechselseitig aufeinander bezogen (vgl. ÖRK ,2011a, Ziff. 1 und 3).
Frieden durch Recht – Recht durch Krieg?
Authors: Werkner Ines-Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Paradigma „Frieden durch Recht“ gehört – wie zu Beginn des Beitrages bereits ausgeführt – zu den Grundpfeilern des Leitbildes des gerechten Friedens; es prägt in hohem Maße die Friedensdenkschrift der EKD. Damit wird der Tatsache Rechnung getragen, dass das Recht sowohl im innergesellschaftlichen und -staatlichen Bereich als auch in den internationalen Beziehungen das Zusammenleben der Menschen ordnen und divergierende Interessen zur Deckung bringen kann. Für internationale Zusammenhänge kommt daher dem Völkerrecht eine wichtige friedenssichernde Funktion zu.
Spontaneous CP violation and horizontal symmetry in the MSSM: toward lepton flavor naturalness
Authors: Aloni Daniel , Asadi Pouya , Nakai Yuichiro , Reece Matthew , Suzuki Motoo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the contributions of supersymmetric models with a U(1) horizontal symmetry and only spontaneous CP breaking to various lepton flavor observables, such as μ → eγ and the electron electric dipole moment. We show that both a horizontal symmetry and a lack of explicit CP violation can alleviate the existing bounds from such observables. The undetermined $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) coefficients in such mass matrix models muddle the interpretation of the bounds from various flavor observables. To overcome this, we define a new fine-tuning measure for different observables in such setups. This allows us to study how naturally the observed IR flavor observables can emerge from a given mass matrix model. We use our flavor-naturalness measure in study of our supersymmetric models and quantify the degree of fine tuning required by the bounds from various lepton flavor observables at each mass scale of sleptons, neutralinos, and charginos.
Integrable deformed T1,1 sigma models from 4D Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Fukushima Osamu , Sakamoto Jun-ichi , Yoshida Kentaroh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recently, a variety of deformed T1,1 manifolds, with which 2D non-linear sigma models (NLSMs) are classically integrable, have been presented by Arutyunov, Bassi and Lacroix (ABL) [46]. We refer to the NLSMs with the integrable deformed T1,1 as the ABL model for brevity. Motivated by this progress, we consider deriving the ABL model from a 4D Chern-Simons (CS) theory with a meromorphic one-form with four double poles and six simple zeros. We specify boundary conditions in the CS theory that give rise to the ABL model and derive the sigma-model background with target-space metric and anti-symmetric two-form. Finally, we present two simple examples 1) an anisotropic T1,1 model and 2) a G/H λ-model. The latter one can be seen as a one-parameter deformation of the Guadagnini-Martellini-Mintchev model.
Accelerated paths and Unruh effect. Part I. Scalars and fermions in Anti De Sitter spacetime
Authors: Ahmed Shahnewaz , Faruk Mir Mehedi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the Unruh effect in Anti de-Sitter (AdS) spacetime by examining the response function of an Unruh-DeWitt particle detector with uniform constant acceleration. An exact expression of the detector response function for the scalar field has been obtained with different levels of non-linearity in even dimensional AdS spacetime. We also showed how the response of the accelerated Unruh detector coupled quadratically to massless Dirac field in D dimensional (D ≥ 2) AdS spacetime is proportional to that of a detector linearly coupled to a massless scalar field in 2D dimensional AdS spacetime. Here, the fermionic and scalar matter field is coupled minimally and conformally to the background AdS metric, respectively. Finally, we discuss about the extension of the results for more general stationary motion.
Higher spin 3-point functions in 3d CFT using spinor-helicity variables
Authors: Jain Sachin , John Renjan Rajan , Mehta Abhishek , Nizami Amin A. , Suresh Adithya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper we use the spinor-helicity formalism to calculate 3-point functions involving scalar operators and spin-s conserved currents in general 3d CFTs. In spinor-helicity variables we notice that the parity-even and the parity-odd parts of a correlator are related. Upon converting spinor-helicity answers to momentum space, we show that correlators involving spin-s currents can be expressed in terms of some simple conformally invariant conserved structures. This in particular allows us to understand and separate out contact terms systematically, especially for the parity-odd case. We also reproduce some of the correlators using weight-shifting operators.
Robotic hernia repair III. English version
Authors: Dietz Ulrich A. , Kudsi O. Yusef , Garcia-Ureña Miguel , Baur Johannes , Ramser Michaela , Maksimovic Sladjana , Keller Nicola , Dörfer Jörg , Eisner Lukas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe principle of targeted separation or weakening of individual components of the abdominal wall to relieve tension in the median line during major abdominal reconstruction has been known for over 30 years as anterior component separation (aCS) and is an established procedure. In search of alternatives with lower complication rates, posterior component separation (pCS) was developed; transversus abdominis release (TAR) is a nerve-sparing modification of pCS. With the ergonomic resources of robotics (e.g., angled instruments), TAR can be performed in a minimally invasive manner (r-TAR): hernia gaps of up to 14 cm can be closed and a large extraperitoneal mesh implanted. In this video article, the treatment of large incisional hernias using the r‑TAR technique is presented. Exemplary results of a cohort study in 13 consecutive patients are presented. The procedure is challenging, but our own results—as well as reports from the literature—are encouraging. The r‑TAR is becoming the pinnacle procedure for abdominal wall reconstruction.
Influence of safety glasses, body height and magnification on the occupational eye lens dose during pelvic vascular interventions: a phantom study
Authors: Gangl Alexander , Deutschmann Hannes Alexander , Portugaller Rupert Horst , Stücklschweiger Georg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective
By simulating a fluoroscopic-guided vascular intervention, two differently designed radiation safety glasses were compared. The impacts of changing viewing directions and body heights on the eye lens dose were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of variable magnification levels on the arising scattered radiation was determined.

Methods
A phantom head, replacing the operator’s head, was positioned at different heights and rotated in steps of 20° in the horizontal plane. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), placed in the left orbit of the phantom, detected eye lens doses under protected and completely exposed conditions. In a second step, radiation dose values with increasing magnification levels were detected by RaySafe i3 dosimeters.

Results
Changing eye levels and head rotations resulted in a wide range of dose reduction factors (DRF) from 1.1 to 8.5. Increasing the vertical distance between the scattering body and the protective eyewear, DRFs markedly decreased for both glasses. Significant differences between protection glasses were observed. Increasing magnification with consecutively decreasing FOV size variably reduced the dose exposure to the eye lens between 47 and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion
The safety glasses in the study effectively reduced the dose exposure to the eye lens. However, the extent of the protective effect was significant depending on eye levels and head rotations. This may lead to a false sense of safety for the medical staff. In addition, the application of magnification reduced the quantity of scattering dose significantly. To ensure safe working in the Cath-lab, additional use of protective equipment and the differences in design of protective eyewear should be considered.

Key Points
• Eye lens dose changes with physical size of the interventionist and viewing direction.
• The use of magnification during fluoroscopic-guided interventions reduces scattered radiation.
Similarity-Reduced Diversities: the Effective Entropy and the Reduced Entropy
Authors: Bavaud François 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper presents and analyzes the properties of a new diversity index, the effective entropy, which lowers Shannon entropy by taking into account the presence of similarities between items. Similarities decrease exponentially with the item dissimilarities, with a freely adjustable discriminability parameter controlling various diversity regimes separated by phase transitions. Effective entropies are determined iteratively, and turn out to be concave and subadditive, in contrast to the reduced entropy, proposed in Ecology for similar purposes. Two data sets are used to illustrate the formalism, and underline the role played by the dissimilarity types.
Influence of receptor selectivity on benefits from SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and head-to-head comparative efficacy network meta-analysis
Authors: Täger Tobias , Frankenstein Lutz , Atar Dan , Agewall Stefan , Frey Norbert , Grundtvig Morten , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G. F. , Fröhlich Hanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Receptor selectivity of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) varies greatly between agents. The overall improvement of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients varies between trials. We, therefore, evaluated the comparative efficacy of individual SGLT2i and the influence of their respective receptor selectivity thereon.

Methods
We identified randomized controlled trials investigating the use of SGLT2i in patients with HF—either as the target cohort or as a subgroup of it. Comparators included placebo or any other active treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite of hospitalization for HF or CV death. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, CV mortality, hospitalization for HF, worsening renal function (RF), and the composite of worsening RF or CV death. Evidence was synthesized using network meta-analysis. In addition, the impact of receptor selectivity on outcomes was analysed using meta-regression.

Results
We identified 18,265 patients included in 22 trials. Compared to placebo, selective and non-selective SGLT2i improved fatal and non-fatal HF events. Head-to-head comparisons suggest superior efficacy with sotagliflozin as compared to dapagliflozin, empagliflozin or ertugliflozin. No significant difference was found between canagliflozin and sotagliflozin. Meta-regression analyses show a decreasing benefit on HF events with increasing receptor selectivity of SGLT2i. In contrast, receptor selectivity did not affect mortality and renal endpoints and no significant difference between individual SGLT2i was noted.

Conclusion
Our data point towards a class-effect of SGLT2i on mortality and renal outcomes. However, non-selective SGLT2i such as sotagliflozin may be superior to highly selective SGLT2i in terms of HF outcomes.
Molecular profiling of pediatric meningiomas shows tumor characteristics distinct from adult meningiomas
Authors: Kirches Elmar , Sahm Felix , Korshunov Andrey , Bluecher Christina , Waldt Natalie , Kropf Siegfried , Schrimpf Daniel , Sievers Philipp , Stichel Damian , Schüller Ulrich , Schittenhelm Jens , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Karajannis Matthias A. , Perry Arie , Pietsch Torsten , Boekhoff Svenja , Capper David , Beck Katja , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Schlesner Matthias , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Müller Hermann L. , Pfister Stefan M. , Mawrin Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn contrast to adults, meningiomas are uncommon tumors in childhood and adolescence. Whether adult and pediatric meningiomas differ on a molecular level is unclear. Here we report detailed genomic analyses of 37 pediatric meningiomas by sequencing and DNA methylation profiling. Histologically, the series was dominated by meningioma subtypes with aggressive behavior, with 70% of patients suffering from WHO grade II or III meningiomas. The most frequent cytogenetic aberrations were loss of chromosomes 22 (23/37 [62%]), 1 (9/37 [24%]), 18 (7/37 [19%]), and 14 (5/37 [14%]). Tumors with NF2 alterations exhibited overall increased chromosomal instability. Unsupervised clustering of DNA methylation profiles revealed separation into three groups: designated group 1 composed of clear cell and papillary meningiomas, whereas group 2A comprised predominantly atypical meningiomas and group 2B enriched for rare high-grade subtypes (rhabdoid, chordoid). Meningiomas from NF2 patients clustered exclusively within groups 1 and 2A. When compared with a dataset of 105 adult meningiomas, the pediatric meningiomas largely grouped separately. Targeted panel DNA sequencing of 34 tumors revealed frequent NF2 alterations, while other typical alterations found in adult non-NF2 tumors were absent. These data demonstrate that pediatric meningiomas are characterized by molecular features distinct from adult tumors.
Maximal strength training-induced increase in efferent neural drive is not reflected in relative protein expression of SERCA
Authors: Tøien Tiril , Haglo Håvard , Nyberg Stian Kwak , Rao Shalini Vasudev , Stunes Astrid Kamilla , Mosti Mats Peder , Wang Eivind 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Maximal strength training (MST), performed with heavy loads (~ 90% of one repetition maximum; 1RM) and few repetitions, yields large improvements in efferent neural drive, skeletal muscle force production, and skeletal muscle efficiency. However, it is elusive whether neural adaptations following such high intensity strength training may be accompanied by alterations in energy-demanding muscular factors.

Methods
Sixteen healthy young males (24 ± 4 years) were randomized to MST 3 times per week for 8 weeks (n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 8). Measurements included 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), and evoked potentials recordings (V-wave and H-reflex normalized to M-wave (M) in the soleus muscle) applied to assess efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and analyzed by western blots and real-time PCR to investigate the relative protein expression and mRNA expression of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) 1 and SERCA2.

Results
Significant improvements in 1RM (17 ± 9%; p < 0.001) and early (0–100 ms), late (0–200 ms) and maximal RFD (31–53%; p < 0.01) were observed after MST, accompanied by increased maximal Vmax/Msup-ratio (9 ± 14%; p = 0.046), with no change in H-reflex to M-wave ratio. No changes were observed in the CG. No pre- to post-training differences were found in mRNA or protein expressions of SERCA1 and SERCA2 in either group.

Conclusion
MST increased efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle, causing improved force production. No change was observed in SERCA expression, indicating that responses to high intensity strength training may predominantly be governed by neural adaptations.
The role of expertise in the aesthetic evaluation of mathematical equations
Authors: Hayn-Leichsenring Gregor U. , Vartanian Oshin , Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a notion that mathematical equations can be considered aesthetic objects. However, whereas some aesthetic experiences are triggered primarily by the sensory properties of objects, for mathematical equations aesthetic judgments extend beyond their sensory qualities and are also informed by semantics and knowledge. Therefore, to the extent that expertise in mathematics represents the accumulation of domain knowledge, it should influence aesthetic judgments of equations. In a between-groups study design involving university students who majored in mathematics (i.e., experts) or not (i.e., laypeople), we found support for the hypothesis that mathematics majors exhibit more agreement in their aesthetic judgments of equations—reflecting a greater degree of shared variance driven by formal training in the domain. Furthermore, their judgments were driven more strongly by familiarity and meaning than was the case for laypeople. These results suggest that expertise via advanced training in mathematics alters (and sharpens) aesthetic judgments of mathematical equations.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vulvar cancer with and without inguinal lymph node involvement
Authors: Brambs Christine E. , Horn Lars-Christian , Mende Meinhard , Höckel Michael , Eckey Christine , Hiller Gesine Grit Ruth , Höhn Anne Kathrin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with increased metastatic spread and poor prognosis. Data on vulvar carcinoma are limited.

Methods
Thirty-two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (16 with and 16 without inguinal lymph node metastases) and their lymph node deposits were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of EMT markers (vimentin, cyclin D1, e-cadherin), p16, p53 and Ki-67. Results of EMT-immunostainings were compared to lymph node involvement and expression of p53 and p16. The micro-anatomical staining pattern for EMT markers comparing the tumor center with the front of invasion was analysed in each tumor.

Results
There was no difference in the expression of EMT markers between node negative and node positive tumors. Staining for vimentin and cyclin D1 was seen within tumor cells at the front of invasion in 100 and 84.4% of the tumors, respectively. The majority of cases (68.7%) showed negative or reduced staining for e-cadherin in this micro-anatomical localization. Tumor cells within the lymph node metastases showed positive staining for e-cadherin in 75% and for cyclin D1 in 49% of the cells but were negative for vimentin in 13 out of 16 cases (81.3%). Tumors with aberrant p53 staining represented a non-significant higher vimentin but significantly higher cyclin D1 expression at the front of invasion than those with p53 wild-type pattern.

Conclusion
The present study shows no differences in the expression of EMT markers between node positive and node negative vulvar cancers. The evaluation of immunostaining within the micro-anatomical context indicates that an EMT-phenotype is restricted to the tumor cells at the front of invasion. Paired analyses of vulvar carcinomas and their lymph node deposits suggest mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in the metastatic deposits. Immunohistochemical staining results may suggest that EMT is more prevalent in vulvar cancer with aberrant p53 staining.
Accessible wayfinding and navigation: a systematic mapping study
Authors: Prandi Catia , Barricelli Barbara Rita , Mirri Silvia , Fogli Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUrban environments, university campuses, and public and private buildings often present architectural barriers that prevent people with disabilities and special needs to move freely and independently. This paper presents a systematic mapping study of the scientific literature proposing devices, and software applications aimed at fostering accessible wayfinding and navigation in indoor and outdoor environments. We selected 111 out of 806 papers published in the period 2009–2020, and we analyzed them according to different dimensions: at first, we surveyed which solutions have been proposed to address the considered problem; then, we analyzed the selected papers according to five dimensions: context of use, target users, hardware/software technologies, type of data sources, and user role in system design and evaluation. Our findings highlight trends and gaps related to these dimensions. The paper finally presents a reflection on challenges and open issues that must be taken into consideration for the design of future accessible places and of related technologies and applications aimed at facilitating wayfinding and navigation.
Family Firms Amidst the Global Financial Crisis: A Territorial Embeddedness Perspective on Downsizing
Authors: Amato Stefano , Patuelli Alessia , Basco Rodrigo , Lattanzi Nicola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study explores the downsizing propensity of family and non-family firms by considering their territorial embeddedness during both periods of economic stability and financial crisis. By drawing on a panel dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms for the period 2002–2015, we show that, all things being equal, family firms have a lower propensity to downsizing than non-family firms. When considering the effect of territorial embeddedness, we found that territorially embedded family firms have an even lower propensity to downsizing than their non-family counterparts. Furthermore, the concern of territorially embedded family firms for their employees’ welfare was particularly pronounced during the years of the global financial crisis. This result is explained by the existence of socially proximate relationships with the firms’ immediate surroundings, based on similarity and a sense of belonging, which push deeply rooted family firms to treat their employees as salient stakeholders during hard times. Overall, our study stresses the importance of local roots in moderating the relationship between family firms and downsizing.
Do Stringent Environmental Policies Deter FDI? M&A versus Greenfield
Authors: Bialek Sylwia , Weichenrieder Alfons J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStrict environmental regulation may deter foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper develops the hypothesis that regulation predominantly discourages FDI that is conducted as Greenfield investment rather than mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The hypothesis is tested with German firm-level FDI data. Empirically, stricter regulation reduces new Greenfield projects in polluting industries, but indeed has a much smaller impact on the number of M&As. This significant difference is compatible with the fact that existing operations often benefit from grandfathering rules, which provide softer regulation for pre-exisiting plants, and with the expectation that for M&As part of the regulation is capitalized in the purchase price. The heterogeneous effects help explaining mixed results in previous studies that have neglected the mode of entry.