bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of conductivity distribution with a compound variational strategy in electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Tian Zhiwei , Wang Meng , Rao Zuguang , Fu Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a potential imaging technique, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is advantageous for reconstructing conductivity distribution. However, due to insufficient measurement, visualization is inevitably an ill‐posed inverse problem. Moreover, reconstruction quality is affected by noise. To address these challenges, a novel variational model with an Lp‐norm as fidelity and a hybrid total variation as penalty (Lp‐HTV) is proposed for conductivity distribution reconstruction. Iterative reweighted L1 algorithm transforms the Lp‐norm to an L1‐norm and alternating direction method of multipliers is then utilized to solve objective function. Meanwhile, region of interest is defined to enhance robustness to noise and reduce staircase artifact. The performance of the proposed compound method is validated by several cases. Phantom experiments are also conducted. Compared with classic regularization methods, it is found that images reconstructed by the proposed method show large improvement. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is more competitive in visualizing conductivity distribution.
Capturing the voices of mothers: Delivery and content efficacy of a community attachment parenting program
Authors: Bonnett Tina H. , McCorquodale Lisa , Schouten Karen R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis qualitative case study sought to examine the delivery and content efficacy of a community attachment parenting program developed and hosted by an attachment and trauma‐informed organization that services infants and their pre‐ or postnatal mothers in Ontario, Canada. A focus group and participant reflective journals were employed to amplify the voices of mothers who engaged in the 8‐week program. Five overarching themes surfaced in the data which include (1) infant/mother attachment, (2) program delivery validations and recommendations, (3) program content validations and recommendations, (4) facilitator delivery, content and relational competencies and (5) connections with others. The findings of this study are intended to inform future offerings of this program, as well as incite further research to illuminate the voices of mothers and other participants who engage in attachment‐postured community parenting programs across the globe.
Assessment of lime‐conditioned dairy manure fine solids captured using dissolved air flotation for fertilization in horticulture
Authors: Porterfield Katherine K. , VanOrnum Doug , Roy Eric D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDissolved air flotation (DAF) has shown potential to substantially improve phosphorus (P) mass balance on dairy farms by capturing P associated with fine solids from liquid manure, enabling new management options. However, at <25% total solids, further dewatering is necessary to facilitate export of recovered fine solids off farm for use in bagged or bulk products. Physical conditioners such as quicklime (QL) and lime kiln dust (LKD) are commonly used to enhance mechanical dewatering of biosolids, but their effect on the properties and fertilization value of DAF‐captured manure fine solids has not been documented. We generated plant foods using DAF‐captured dairy manure fine solids conditioned with 3, 4.5, and 6% m/m QL or LKD and dewatered using a benchtop press for comparison with thermally dried fine solids. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) seedlings were grown in a soilless substrate amended with 6% v/v plant food and in an unamended control. Thermally dried and LKD plant foods produced significantly greater seedling biomass than QL plant foods and the unamended control. Quicklime‐ and LKD‐conditioned fine solids contained approximately 30× and 10× less water‐extractable P than thermally dried fine solids, respectively, likely due to precipitation of Ca‐P minerals. The elevated pH (≥10) of the lime‐conditioned fine solids could have also suppressed plant growth. These effects limit horticultural applications but could be beneficial in agricultural field settings where slow‐release P is desirable. Research beyond this preliminary assessment is needed to determine the practicality and sustainability of the approach along with longer‐term nutrient bioavailability.
Efficient CO2 Separation Using a PIM‐PI‐Functionalized UiO‐66 MOF Incorporated Mixed Matrix Membrane in a PIM‐PI‐1 Polymer
Authors: Husna Asmaul , Hossain Iqubal , Choi Ook , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Tae‐Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) incorporated mixed–matrix membranes (MMMs) attract great interest for gas separation applications because they overcome limitations faced by typical polymer membranes, including permeability–selectivity trade‐off, aging effect, and plasticization phenomenon. However, optimal MOF–polymer interface compatibility is the key challenge in fabricating defect‐free high‐performance gas‐separation MMMs. Here, a surface modification strategy of the UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF using a covalently bound PIM‐PI‐oligomer is developed to engineer interface compatibility with the polymer that has an identical chemical structure (PIM‐PI‐1) in the MMMs. A series of MMMs are prepared with different loadings of homogeneously distributed PIM‐PI‐functionalized MOFs (PPM). Significant improvements in CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity and permeability are achieved with these MMMs, ranging from 5 to 10 wt% of the PPM loadings. The MMM with 10 wt% loading (PPM‐10@MMM) shows a CO2 permeability of 3827.3 Barrer and a CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 24 and 13.4, respectively. This surpasses the 2008 Robeson upper bound for CO2/N2 and is very close to the 2008 upper bound for CO2/CH4. The experimental results are further compared using Maxwell's equation for MMMs. The resulting MMMs show a plasticization resistance against CO2 up to 25 atm pressure and anti‐aging performance for 180 h.
Optimizing process parameters for joint strength efficiency improvement in friction stir welding of polycarbonate sheets
Authors: Sahu S.K. , Mishra D. , Pal K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present work addresses optimization of these friction stir welding process variables to maximize joint strength efficiency of welded polycarbonate sheets by using particle swarm optimization algorithm over response surface method based regression model. Initially, parametric influence on weld quality characteristics namely weld bead profile, bead geometry with associated microstructure along with micro‐hardness deviation through the weld centerline and stress‐strain behavior of the weld have been studied in detail as per full factorial design of experiments by using three different tool pin profiles such as cylindrical, square and triangular. The center point experiment i. e. tool rotational speed of 1800 min−1 and welding speed of 20 mm/min, and square tool pin profile were found to be the optimum combination with a maximum joint strength efficiency of 60.06 %. The regression model of weld ultimate tensile strength was developed by using response surface methodology which was found to be significant. Therefore, this model was further used for parametric optimization by using both response surface methodology and intelligent particle swarm optimization approaches. A slight improvement in joint strength efficiency with better optimization capability was found by using particle swarm optimization technique as compared to response surface methodology.
Prevalence and clinical/molecular characteristics of PTEN mutations in Turkish children with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly
Authors: Kaymakcalan Hande , Kaya İlyas , Cevher Binici Nagihan , Nikerel Emrah , Özbaran Burcu , Görkem Aksoy Mehmet , Erbilgin Seda , Özyurt Gonca , Jahan Noor , Çelik Didem , Yararbaş Kanay , Yalçınkaya Leyla , Köse Sezen , Durak Sibel , Ercan‐Sencicek Adife Gulhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) germline mutations are associated with cancer syndromes (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; PHTS) and in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and macrocephaly. The exact prevalence of PTEN mutations in patients with ASD and macrocephaly is uncertain; with prevalence rates ranging from 1% to 17%. Most studies are retrospective and contain more adult than pediatric patients, there is a need for more prospective pediatric studies.MethodsWe recruited 131 patients (108 males, 23 females) with ASD and macrocephaly between the ages of 3 and 18 from five child and adolescent psychiatry clinics in Turkey from July 2018 to December 2019. We defined macrocephaly as occipito‐frontal HC size at or greater than 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean for age and sex on standard growth charts. PTEN gene sequence analysis was performed using a MiSeq next generation sequencing (NGS) platform, (Illumina).ConclusionPTEN gene sequence analyses identified three pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations [NM_000314.6; p.(Pro204Leu), (p.Arg233*) and novel (p.Tyr176Cys*8)] and two variants of uncertain significance (VUS) [NM_000314.6; p.(Ala79Thr) and c.*10del]. We also report that patient with (p.Tyr176Cys*8) mutation has Grade 1 hepatosteatosis, a phenotype not previously described. This is the first PTEN prevalence study of patients with ASD and macrocephaly in Turkey and South Eastern Europe region with a largest homogenous cohort. The prevalence of PTEN mutations was found 3.8% (VUS included) or 2.29% (VUS omitted). We recommend testing for PTEN mutations in all patients with ASD and macrocephaly.
Dual‐polarized frequency selective rasorber with dual absorption bands
Authors: Yin Liyuan , Zhang Binchao , Xue Zhenghui , Lv Qihao , Jin Cheng , Mittra Raj 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA dual‐polarized three‐dimensional absorptive frequency selective transmission (AFST) structure consisting of bent metallic strips embedded with chip‐resistors, and a parallel plate waveguide has been introduced. The structure exhibits two wide absorption bands which flank both sides of the passband, and each absorption band contains two reflection zeros contributing to the wideband performance. An equivalent circuit model is derived to investigate the design concept. A prototype is fabricated and measured, and good agreement between the simulated and experimental results is obtained. In addition, the AFST shows a stable response even for oblique angles and for both TE‐ and TM‐polarizations.
Stealth design of polarization conversion metasurface antenna array
Authors: Chen Yan , Xu Chenyue , He Xiaoxiang , Yang Yang , Hu Hengyan , Li Fukang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a polarization conversion metasurface antenna (PCMA) array for stealth design method is proposed. The array is composed of polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) subarray and their mirror subarray, which simultaneously plays the role of antenna element and PCM. So that, a certain phase cancellation can be produced between subarray and mirror one. The backward scattering is canceled while the radiation performance is maintained. This method has the characteristics of simplicity, low profile and easy to be implemented. Average area occupied by each antenna element can be reduced to 0.15 . Simulation and measured results show that the maximum reduction of monostatic RCS of aforementioned PCMA is 16.3 dB in 8.2–13.6 GHz band, and the relative bandwidth of effective RCS reduction (more than 10 dB) reaches 34%, which verifies the effectiveness of the polarization cancellation design method based on the integration of array elements and PCM.
In vivo macromolecule signals in rat brain 1H‐MR spectra at 9.4T: Parametrization, spline baseline estimation, and T2 relaxation times
Authors: Simicic Dunja , Rackayova Veronika , Xin Lijing , Tkáč Ivan , Borbath Tamas , Starcuk Zenon , Starcukova Jana , Lanz Bernard , Cudalbu Cristina 
Published: July 2021

PurposeReliable detection and fitting of macromolecules (MM) are crucial for accurate quantification of brain short‐echo time (TE) 1H‐MR spectra. An experimentally acquired single MM spectrum is commonly used. Higher spectral resolution at ultra‐high field (UHF) led to increased interest in using a parametrized MM spectrum together with flexible spline baselines to address unpredicted spectroscopic components. Herein, we aimed to: (1) implement an advanced methodological approach for post‐processing, fitting, and parametrization of 9.4T rat brain MM spectra; (2) assess the concomitant impact of the LCModel baseline and MM model (ie, single vs parametrized); and (3) estimate the apparent T2 relaxation times for seven MM components.MethodsA single inversion recovery sequence combined with advanced AMARES prior knowledge was used to eliminate the metabolite residuals, fit, and parametrize 10 MM components directly from 9.4T rat brain in vivo 1H‐MR spectra at different TEs. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to assess the concomitant influence of parametrized MM and DKNTMN parameter in LCModel.ResultsA very stiff baseline (DKNTMN ≥ 1 ppm) in combination with a single MM spectrum led to deviations in metabolite concentrations. For some metabolites the parametrized MM showed deviations from the ground truth for all DKNTMN values. Adding prior knowledge on parametrized MM improved MM and metabolite quantification. The apparent T2 ranged between 12 and 24 ms for seven MM peaks.ConclusionModerate flexibility in the spline baseline was required for reliable quantification of real/experimental spectra based on in vivo and Monte Carlo data. Prior knowledge on parametrized MM improved MM and metabolite quantification.
NeoCHIRP: A model for intestinal rehabilitation in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Casey Linda M. , Strauss Jaclyn , Dhaliwal Keerat K. , Butterworth Sonia , Piper Hannah G. , Albersheim Susan G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation (IR) teams have transformed care in pediatric intestinal failure (IF).1 Although most children with IF are identified in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), IR teams may not be involved at this stage. We describe our collaborative model, blending NICU and IR expertise to optimize care. Over 6 years, the NeoCHIRP (Neonatal Children's IR Program) team followed 164 babies for weekly visits (median, 8; range, 1–27). Bedside rounds included CHIRP team physician and surgeons, neonatologist champion, attending neonatologist and fellow, NICU dietitian, bedside nurse, and family. Medical and nutrition status, nutrition history, and laboratory data were discussed, and a nutrition plan to support IR, considering the child's other medical needs, was created to guide the next week's management. Typical issues addressed included parenteral nutrition (PN) composition, enteral nutrition plan, oral feeding, management of small‐intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sodium status, and cholestasis. A total of 164 babies were followed by the NeoCHIRP team. Of 153 survivors, IF resolved by discharge in 89% (136 of 153). Seventeen of 153 babies (11%) went on to require home PN and were transferred from NICU directly to the CHIRP team. By discharge, 99% of babies were orally fed (69/136, 50% fully, 67/136, 49% partially), and cholestasis improved or resolved in 80/105 (76%). Eleven babies (7%) died; four deaths were unrelated to IF, but in seven babies, IF was at least a contributing factor. In this high‐risk cohort, most babies achieved good outcomes, and those who required longer‐term IR transitioned smoothly to the CHIRP team.
Synthesis, electrical, and dielectric properties of novel polyaniline/strontium di‐nitrate composites
Authors: Ashwini Indavara S. , Pattar Jayadev , Sreekanth Rajagopalachar , Nagaraja Madihally , Manohara Shambonahalli Rajanna , Anjaneyulu Ponnam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/strontium di‐nitrate [Sr(NO3)2] composites were synthesized by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The composites with different weight percentages of Sr(NO3)2 were synthesized for the study of the charge transport mechanism. Interaction between Sr(NO3)2 and the PANI was confirmed from the observed peak shift to a lower wavelength in the FTIR spectra. DC conductivity of composites decreased with an increase in the concentrations of Sr(NO3)2. The exponent values, 0.64 < s < 0.75, calculated from Jonscher universal power‐law using AC conductivity forecasts the hopping conduction mechanism. The complex impedance studies showed two semicircles in the Nyquist plot and simulated to an equivalent circuit by constant‐phase element (CPE). The relaxation time for pristine PANI was 2.28 μs, whereas a higher relaxation time of 18.5 μs was observed with 40 wt% Sr(NO3)2, doped composite. The values of dielectric constant, and dielectric loss decreased with increasing frequency and increasing Sr(NO3)2 wt%. Therefore, the results obtained for Sr(NO3)2 doped PANI composites are of scientific and technological interest.
Thermo‐adjusted self‐healing epoxy resins based on Diels–Alder dynamic chemical reaction
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Ye Jiaofeng , Qu Dongan , Wang Haitao , Chai Changsheng , Feng Libang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicro‐damage in materials could be repaired by endowing materials with self‐healing performance. Herein, an epoxy resin with excellent self‐healing performance grounded on thermo‐reversible Diels–Alder dynamic chemical reaction was developed. Results showed that the bending strength and adhesive behavior of epoxy resin were influenced dramatically upon treatment with various temperatures. More importantly, damages created in epoxy resin could be repaired completely after suitable heat treatments. What is more, the healed epoxy resin exhibited much higher bending strength and adhesive performance than the pristine one did. The materials could be damaged and then repaired repeatedly. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared self‐healing epoxy resin exhibited excellent thermal reversibility and controllable adhesion. The thermo‐adjusted self‐healing performance endowed epoxy resin with recyclable and reusable performance. Therefore, the research made it possible of recycling waste epoxy resins.
Habitat heterogeneity enables spatial and temporal coexistence of native and invasive macrophytes in shallow lake landscapes
Authors: Salgado Jorge , Sayer Carl D. , Willby Nigel , Baker Ambroise G. , Goldsmith Ben , McGowan Suzanne , Davidson Thomas A. , Bexell Patrik , Patmore Ian R. , Okamura Beth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacrophyte invasive alien species (IAS) fitness is often hypothesised to be associated with beneficial environmental conditions (environmental matching) or species‐poor communities. However, positive correlations between macrophyte IAS abundance and native plant richness can also arise, due to habitat heterogeneity (defined here as variation in abiotic and native biotic conditions over space and time). We analysed survey and palaeoecological data for macrophytes in satellite lakes along the Upper Lough Erne (ULE) system (Northern Ireland, UK), covering a gradient of eutrophication and connectivity to partition how environmental conditions, macrophyte diversity and habitat heterogeneity explained the abundance of Elodea canadensis, a widely distributed non‐native macrophyte in Europe. E. canadensis abundance positively correlated with macrophyte richness at both the within‐ and between‐lake scales indicating coexistence of native and invasive species over time. E. canadensis was also more prolific in highly connected and macrophyte‐rich lakes, but sparser in the more eutrophic‐isolated ones. Partial boosted regression trees revealed that in eutrophic‐isolated lakes, E. canadensis abundances correlated with water clarity (negatively), plant diversity (positively), and plant cover (negatively) whereas in diverse‐connected lakes, beta diversity (both positively and negatively) related to most greatly E. canadensis abundance. Dense macrophyte cover and unfavourable environmental conditions thus appear to confer invasibility resistance and sufficient habitat heterogeneity to mask any single effect of native biodiversity or environmental matching in controlling E. canadensis abundance. Therefore, in shallow lake landscapes, habitat heterogeneity variously enables the coexistence of native macrophytes and E. canadensis, reducing the often‐described homogenisation effects of invasive macrophytes.
Phase‐Selective Synthesis of Ultrathin FeTe Nanoplates by Controllable Fe/Te Atom Ratio in the Growth Atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Li Qiuqiu , Hossain Mongur , Li Bo , Chen Keqiu , Huang Ziwei , Yang Xiangdong , Dang Weiqi , Shu Weining , Wang Di , Li Bailing , Xu Weiting , Zhang Zucheng , Yu Gang , Duan Xidong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhase controllable synthesis of 2D materials is of significance for tuning related electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Herein, the phase‐controllable synthesis of tetragonal and hexagonal FeTe nanoplates has been realized by a rational control of the Fe/Te ratio in a chemical vapor deposition system. Using density functional theory calculations, it has been revealed that with the change of the Fe/Te ratio, the formation energy of active clusters changes, causing the phase‐controllable synthesis of FeTe nanoplates. The thickness of the obtained FeTe nanoplates can be tuned down to the 2D limit (2.8 nm for tetragonal and 1.4 nm for hexagonal FeTe). X‐ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscopy, and high resolution scanning transmission electron microscope analyses exhibit the high crystallinity of the as‐grown FeTe nanoplates. The two kinds of FeTe nanoflakes show metallic behavior and good electrical conductivity, featuring 8.44 × 104 S m−1 for 9.8 nm‐thick tetragonal FeTe and 5.45 × 104 S m−1 for 7.6 nm‐thick hexagonal FeTe. The study provides an efficient and convenient route for tailoring the phases of FeTe nanoplates, which benefits to study phase‐sensitive properties, and may pave the way for the synthesis of other multiphase 2D nanosheets with controllable phases.
Comparison of the Release Kinetics of Bioactive Molecules from Native and Modified Starch Nanoparticles into Food and Gastric Simulants
Authors: Sanchez Leidy T. , Arbelaez Lina M. , Villa Cristian C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStarch nanoparticles (SNPs) show great potential to be used as carriers of bioactive molecules, due to their biocompatibility and relative easy synthesis. Furthermore, SNPs can be tailored to have specific properties through chemical modifications such as acetylation and citric acid cross linking, among others. Curcumin (CUR) and ferulic acid (FA) are two polyphenols extracted from turmeric and corn, respectively, that are known for several biological activities, specially their antioxidant capability. In this paper, native (NSNP), acetylated (ASNP) and citric acid cross‐linked (CaSNP) starch nanoparticles are used as carries of CUR and FA. Structural characterization through FTIR and XRD shows that bioactive molecules are incorporated into the starch carriers, and that specific interactions, specially hydrogen bonds, allows higher encapsulation in the modified SNPs. Likewise, release kinetics in food simulant media are studies. Mathematical modeling shows that diffusion is the main force for both CUR and FA release, and that kinetics are heavily influenced by the nature of the release media.