bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome After Endovascular Thrombectomy in 3 Triage Concepts: A Prospective, Observational Study (NEUROSQUAD)
Authors: Seker Fatih , Fiehler Jens , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Herweh Christian , Flottmann Fabian , Ringleb Peter A. , Thomalla Götz , Steiner Thorsten , Kraemer Christoffer , Brekenfeld Caspar , Bendszus Martin 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
NEUROSQUAD (Stroke Treatment: Quality and Efficacy in Different Referral Systems) is a prospective, observational, bicenter study comparing 3 triage pathways in endovascular stroke treatment: mothership, drip and ship (DS), and transferring a neurointerventionalist to a remote hospital for thrombectomy (drive the doctor [DD]).

Methods:
Patients with anterior circulation stroke and premorbid modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–3 who underwent thrombectomy within 24 hours after stroke onset were included. Primary outcome measure was good clinical outcome defined as 90-day mRS score 0–2 or clinical recovery to the status before stroke onset (ie, equal premorbid mRS and 90-day mRS). Secondary outcome measures were successful reperfusion, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge, and mRS shift.

Results:

In total, 360 patients were included in this study, of whom 111 patients (30.8%) were in the mothership group, 204 patients (56.7%) were in the DS group, and 45 patients (12.5%) were in the DD group. Good clinical outcome was achieved similarly in all three groups (mothership, 45.9%; DS, 43.1%; DD, 40.0%;
P
=0.778). Likewise, frequency of successful reperfusion was similar in all three groups (mothership, 86.5%; DS, 85.3%; DD, 82.2%;
P
=0.714). There was no significant difference among the groups regarding the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge (
P
=0.115) and mRS shift (
P
=0.342). In the multivariate analysis, triage concept was not an independent predictor of good outcome (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.89 [CI, 0.64–1.23];
P
=0.479).

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that clinical outcome after thrombectomy is similar in mothership, DS, and DD. Hence, DD can be a valuable triage option in acute stroke treatment.
Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes of Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Kim Young Dae , Park Hyungjong , Kim Byung Moon , Bang Oh Young , Kim Hyeon Chang , Han Euna , Kim Dong Joon , Heo Joonnyung , Kim Minyoung , Choi Jin Kyo , Lee Kyung-Yul , Lee Hye Sun , Shin Dong Hoon , Choi Hye-Yeon , Sohn Sung-Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Jong Yun , Baek Jang-Hyun , Kim Gyu Sik , Seo Woo-Keun , Chung Jong-Won , Kim Seo Hyun , Song Tae-Jin , Han Sang Won , Park Joong Hyun , Kim Jinkwon , Jung Yo Han , Cho Han-Jin , Ahn Seong Hwan , Lee Sung Ik , Seo Kwon-Duk , Heo Ji Hoe , Nam Hyo Suk ,   on behalf of the SECRET Study Investigators
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
Patients with acute stroke are often accompanied by comorbidities, such as active cancer. However, adequate treatment guidelines are not available for these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cancer and the outcomes of reperfusion therapy in patients with stroke.

Methods:
We compared treatment outcomes in patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, using a nationwide reperfusion therapy registry. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to cancer activity: active cancer, nonactive cancer, and without a history of cancer. We investigated reperfusion processes, 24-hour neurological improvement, adverse events, 3-month functional outcome, and 6-month survival and related factors after reperfusion therapy.

Results:
Among 1338 patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, 62 patients (4.6%) had active cancer, 78 patients (5.8%) had nonactive cancer, and 1198 patients (89.5%) had no history of cancer. Of the enrolled patients, 969 patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 685 patients underwent endovascular treatment (316 patients received combined therapy). Patients with active cancer had more comorbidities and experienced more severe strokes; however, they showed similar 24-hour neurological improvement and adverse events, including cerebral hemorrhage, compared with the other groups. Although the functional outcome at 3 months was poorer than the other groups, 36.4% of patients with active cancer showed functional independence. Additionally, 52.9% of the patients with determined stroke etiology showed functional independence despite active cancer. During the 6-month follow-up, 46.6% of patients with active cancer died, and active cancer was independently associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 3.973 [95% CI, 2.528–6.245]).

Conclusions:
In patients with active cancer, reperfusion therapy showed similar adverse events and short-term outcomes to that of other groups. While long-term prognosis was worse in the active cancer group than the nonactive cancer groups, not negligible number of patients had good functional outcomes, especially those with determined stroke mechanisms.
“Can You Hear Me Now?…Good!”: A Deaf Adder and the Inversion of Disability Imagery in Psalm 58:5–6
Authors: Scott Kevin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article explores the use of deaf imagery in Psalm 58 through a cultural model of disability and a historicist approach to highlight the unique rhetorical function of disability imagery within the psalm. In the Hebrew Bible, deafness is typically an affliction to be avoided, and deaf groups typically need Yahweh’s protection along with other disabled groups. In Psalm 58, however, an adder representing wicked people who oppose the psalmist’s community voluntarily disables itself to better withstand the efforts of those who would try to neutralize its threat. For the adder, disability is a source of strength, not weakness. For the psalmist’s community, however, disability is still a problem which necessitates crying out to Yahweh for relief. The use of deaf imagery within this text highlights the contrast between Yahweh, who is righteous and fully-abled, and the wicked/their foreign deities, who judge unfairly and who are depicted as disabled.
The Ecology of Death in the Book of Job
Authors: Millar Suzanna R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ruminations on death recur throughout Job. Equally, language of the non-human world is prevalent. This article examines the coalescence of these tropes in the implicit “necro-ecology” of the book. As though observing the decomposition of a corpse, it focusses on four Joban images, each expressing human death in non-human terms: maggots colonise the cadaver; scavengers consume it. The body disintegrates into dust; plants grow and wither there. At each stage, the article shows how death and life are entangled together, the one requiring and enabling the other. Equally, beings are entangled with each other, challenging the human pretence to self-contained individuality. The article thus fits into a broader trend in the (post)humanities to cultivate scholarship conducive to multi-species flourishing, showing how Job provides fertile compost for symbiotic inter-species alliances of living and dying together.
From Watchdog to Lapdog: Political Influence of China on News Reporting in Malawi
Authors: Nyirongo Mwaona 
Published: April 2021

The arrival of China in Malawi has been characterised by a growing sense of uncertainty among academics who have expressed concern over the intentions of the superpower in the country. There are fears that China would like to extend its influence to Malawi as part of a broader push to increase its influence in global politics and economics. That push is in part exercised through the media. This study analyses the perception of Malawian journalists on news media reports of Chinese activities in Malawi. It uses content analysis to understand how the mediascape had changed from 2001-2007 when China had not yet established diplomatic relations with Malawi, and the period from January 2008-2020 in which diplomatic relations with China have existed. The article examines the shifts in journalistic representations of China in Malawi and develops prompts and probes from which journalist interviews were conducted.
From the content analysis, it appears that from 2001-2007, Malawian media, especially The Daily Times, was very negative about China, uncritically reproducing Western representations of China. This changed after January 2008 when the press leaned towards an acknowledgement of Chinese activities.
Through interviews journalists have indicated that the Chinese government offers certain opportunities such as exchange visits to journalists, making it difficult for them to bite the hand that feeds them. This ‘soft power’ is backed up by the repressive power of the Malawian government that uses intimidation to force journalists to report in their favour, thereby helping to create a positive image for China in Malawi. Journalists report that the significant shifts in journalistic representations of China have been mirrored by changes in the conceptualisation of journalistic roles in Malawi’s mediascape.
Brawn Drain from Cambodia: A Comparative Study of Transnational Labour Migration to Malaysia and South Korea
Authors: Sok Serey , Yang Chun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper examines and compares the transnational labour migration from Cambodia to Malaysia and South Korea, based on the first-hand data and information collected through in-depth interviews with concerned migrant labour. The study sheds light on that the Cambodian workers have changed to engage in new types of unskilled jobs when they move to work in Malaysia and South Korea, which are different from their occupations in Cambodia. The study demonstrates that labour migration to Malaysia and South Korea has helped maximizing the incomes of concerned households through sending remittance as a prevalent mode of risk minimisation. This study sheds light on the different patterns between the migrants in Malaysia and South Korea in two aspects: 1) remittance to home: the vast majority of the migrant workers in South Korea sent their salaries back home by remittance, while those in Malaysia sent limited remittance back home; 2) different mechanisms: scheme of Government-Agency (G-A) for emigration to Malaysia and Government-Government (G-G) for that to South Korea. The study enriches the literature on transnational labour migration by the evidence of brain drain from Cambodia to South Korea and Malaysia.
Unleashing the Political Economy of Land Expropriation in Ethiopia, beyond the Rhetoric: Flower Farms’ in Amhara Region in Focus
Authors: Alamineh Asabu Sewenet , Eneyew Belachew Getnet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The recognition of commercial agricultural investment unfolded the allocation of land to investors for the production of different cash and food crops in Ethiopia. But anti-expropriation voices and subsequent vandalizing of investment sites have been mushroomed and become far reminder occasions in Ethiopia. This study, thus, tried to uncover the Political-Economy of land expropriation in Ethiopia: a focus on flower farms in Amhara region. A mixed research design was employed by involving primary and secondary sources of data gathered via interview, focused group discussion, questionnaire and document review. Then, the data were presented, analyzed and interpreted through statistics-by-themes and side-by-side jointly. In the study, land expropriation was carried out without genuine public consultation, ascertaining popular consent and written notification. And, compensation was paid to evictees albeit the valuation process was full of uncertainty and jumping. Moreover, flower farms have negatively affected the livelihood and food security of peasants, which in turn brought violence, tenure insecurity and strained government-society relations. This indicated that the expansion of commercial farming was not made vis-à-vis empowering the displaced people. Thus, evictees should be part of the development process for the sustainability and success of farms.
Evidentiary Issues in Philip Morris v Uruguay: The Role of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control and Lessons for NCD Prevention
Authors: Melillo Margherita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the evidentiary assessment made by the investment Tribunal in the case of Philip Morris with a view to drawing some lessons for the regulation of non-communicable diseases (NCD) prevention regulations on food, alcohol, and tobacco. After the introduction, the second Section describes why this dispute, like any dispute concerning NCD prevention measures more generally, raised particularly complex evidentiary challenges. The third Section introduces the provisions and features of the ‘evidence-based’ Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) relevant to the dispute. The fourth Section describes the evidentiary assessment made by the Philip Morris Tribunal, highlighting how it relied extensively on the evidence stemming from or related to the FCTC rule in favour of Uruguay. Finally, the last Section draws lessons that the NCD prevention regulation can learn from Philip Morris for respondents in possible future investment disputes.
The Connection between “Religious Intolerance” and “Holy Ignorance”; Discussion on Religious Freedom Based on the Qurʾan and Hadith
Authors: Hasannia Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays in four corners of the world, there are groups rising and violating human dignities and social orders by the name of religion. The existence of such belief is due to misconceptions about religion, especially when speaking of Islam versus the West. In the other, “tolerance” occurs in a society wherein different social groups and parties live together with different beliefs and customs. Nevertheless, different ideas regarding the sound meaning of the term tolerance, which basically in Islam comes from the Qurʾan and Hadith literature, led to contradict practices by different religious sects. The present paper, based on the analytical descriptive method and through Qurʾanic notions, traditional and Islamic teachings and thinkers’ views, aims to discuss the extent and limits of tolerance in Islam, particularly concerning freedom, and how misconceptions about it brings about the disaster phenomenon of “holy ignorance”. It will show the meaningful connection between intolerance, holy ignorance, radicalism, lack of sound understanding about religion, and lack of religious freedom.
Strategy to prevent nerve injury and deep vein thrombosis in radiofrequency segmental thermal ablation of the saphenous veins using a new objective pain scale
Authors: Yamamoto Kenji , Miwa Senri , Yamada Tomoyuki , Setozaki Shuji , Hamuro Mamoru , Kurokawa Shunji , Enomoto Sakae 
Published: April 2021

Objective We evaluated the benefit of local anesthesia including tumescent anesthesia and active walking soon after surgery in preventing nerve injury and deep vein thrombosis caused during endovenous ablation. Methods Endovenous ablation was performed in 1334 consecutive patients. Varicectomy was performed using the stab avulsion technique. After surgery, patients were encouraged to walk 100–200 m inside the ward for 3–5 times/h. The pain was evaluated objectively using the Okamura pain scale and subjectively using the numerical rating scale. Results Stab avulsion was performed at 11.8 ± 8.0 sites and the mean operative time was 33.9 ± 15.2 min. The mean Okamura pain scale and numerical rating scale scores were 1.6 ± 1.3 and 3.0 ± 2.0, respectively. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were absent. The incidence of nerve injury was 0.3%. Conclusions Endovenous ablation should be performed with the patients under local anesthesia to prevent nerve injury and deep vein thrombosis.
The Crisis of the European Social Model in the Adverse Environment of Globalization
Authors: Bilbao-Ubillos Javier 
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the apparently adverse environment for the viability of the European Social Model (ESoM) and identifies the main factors relevant to the consolidation of the model. It first looks back at the way in which social issues have been dealt with by European Union (EU) institutions, then seeks to identify the main internal and external challenges facing the ESoM. The crisis and the exit strategy initially adopted in the EU (based on austerity policies) compounded these challenges and threatened the model. An interpretation of this crossroads and the foreseeable scenarios for the model are presented under alternative hypotheses with and without specific EU intervention. This paper adopts the globalization theory of the welfare state. Accordingly, its main hypothesis is that unless decisive action is taken by EU institutions the ESoM faces progressive erosion or dilution in a globalized economy. JEL Classification: I38, H53, F60, F15, F68
Amorphous silica nanoparticles induced spleen and liver toxicity after acute intravenous exposure in male and female rats
Authors: Tassinari Roberta , Martinelli Andrea , Valeri Mauro , Maranghi Francesca 
Published: April 2021

Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanomaterial – consisting of aggregates and agglomerates of primary silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles in the nanorange (<100 nm) – is commonly used as excipient in pharmaceuticals, in cosmetics and as food additive (E551). The available data suggest that SAS nanoparticles (NP) after intravenous (IV) exposure persist in liver and spleen; however, insufficient data exist to verify whether SAS may also induce adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to verify the potential long-term effects of SAS NP (NM-203) on spleen and liver as target organs following short-term exposure. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by IV injection in the tail vein with a single (1-day) dose (SD) and repeated (5-day) doses (RD) of 20 mg/kg bw per day of SAS dispersed in sterile saline solution as vehicle. Histopathological examinations of target organs were performed after 90 days. Tissue biodistribution and full characterization of NM-203, primary particle size 13–45 nm, was performed within the framework of the Nanogenotox project. No mortality or general toxicity occurred; histopathological analysis showed splenomegaly in the RD group accompanied by inflammatory granulomas in both sexes. Granulomas were also present in liver parenchyma in the RD (both sexes) and SD groups (male only). The histopathological results indicated that SAS NP have the potential to persist and induce sex-specific chronic inflammatory lesions in spleen and liver upon short-term treatment. Overall, the data showed that the widespread use of silica in drugs might elicit chronic reactions in spleen and liver prompting to the need of further investigations on the safety of SAS NP.[Formula: see text]
Optimization of bimodal automated peritoneal dialysis prescription using the three-pore model
Authors: Öberg Carl M 
Published: April 2021

Background: Previous studies suggested that automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) could be improved in terms of shorter treatment times and lower glucose absorption using bimodal treatment regimens, having ‘ultrafiltration (UF) cycles’ using a high glucose concentration and ‘clearance cycles’ using low or no glucose. The purpose of this study is to explore such regimes further using mathematical optimization techniques based on the three-pore model. Methods: A linear model with constraints is applied to find the shortest possible treatment time given a set of clinical treatment goals. For bimodal regimes, an exact analytical solution often exists which is herein used to construct optimal regimes giving the same Kt/ V urea and/or weekly creatinine clearance and UF as a 6 × 2 L 1.36% glucose regime and an ‘adapted’ (2 × 1.5 L 1.36% + 3 × 3 L 1.36%) regime. Results: Compared to the non-optimized (standard and adapted regimes), the optimized regimens demonstrated marked reductions (>40%) in glucose absorption while having an identical weekly creatinine clearance (35 L) and UF (0.5 L). Larger fill volumes of 1200 mL/m2 (UF cycles) and 1400 mL/m2 (clearance cycles) can be used to shorten the total treatment time. Conclusion: These theoretical results imply substantial improvements in glucose absorption using optimized APD regimens while achieving similar water and solute removal as non-optimized APD regimens. While the current results are based on a well-established theoretical model for peritoneal dialysis, experimental and clinical studies need to be performed to validate the current findings.
Fracture progression in fragility fractures of the pelvis: A case report
Authors: Kolk Roos HE , Loggers Sverre AI , van der List Jelle P , Schakenraad Ditmar , de Nooij Linda , Bijlsma Taco S 
Published: April 2021

Introduction Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) are becoming increasingly common as our population ages. Usually treated conservatively the concept of fracture progression is little recognized but can have important consequences for the patient if missed. Case report A patient with a FFP presented with increase of pain after initial conservative treatment. Additional imaging revealed extensive fracture progression resulting in an unstable pelvic ring, requiring surgical intervention. Most FFPs are currently treated conservatively. However, initially stable FFPs can progress into more unstable fracture patterns that may require invasive treatment. Conclusion Physicians should be aware of fracture progression and concomitant posterior ring fractures in case of prolonged or recurrent pain or mobilization difficulties. Careful follow-up and awareness might help to prevent or treat debilitation in an early phase and improve outcomes.
Social connectedness and dementia prevention: Pilot of the APPLE-Tree video-call intervention during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Cooper Claudia , Mansour Hassan , Carter Christine , Rapaport Penny , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Marchant Natalie L , Poppe Michaela , Higgs Paul , Brierley Janine , Solomon Noa , Budgett Jessica , Bird Megan , Walters Kate , Barber Julie , Wenborn Jennifer , Lang Iain A , Huntley Jonathan , Ritchie Karen , Kales Helen C , Brodaty Henry , Aguirre Elisa , Betz Anna , Palomo Marina 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic reduced access to social activities and routine health care that are central to dementia prevention. We developed a group-based, video-call, cognitive well-being intervention; and investigated its acceptability and feasibility; exploring through participants’ accounts how the intervention was experienced and used in the pandemic context. Research Design and Method We recruited adults aged 60+ years with memory concerns (without dementia). Participants completed baseline assessments and qualitative interviews/focus groups before and after the 10-week intervention. Qualitative interview data and facilitator notes were integrated in a thematic analysis. Results 12/17 participants approached completed baseline assessments, attended 100/120 (83.3%) intervention sessions and met 140/170 (82.4%) of goals set. Most had not used video calling before. In the thematic analysis, our overarching theme was social connectedness. Three sub-themes were as follows: Retaining independence and social connectedness: social connectedness could not be at the expense of independence; Adapting social connectedness in the pandemic: participants strived to compensate for previous social connectedness as the pandemic reduced support networks; Managing social connections within and through the intervention: although there were tensions, for example, between sharing of achievements feeling supportive and competitive, participants engaged with various lifestyle changes; social connections supported group attendance and implementation of lifestyle changes. Discussion and Implications Our intervention was acceptable and feasible to deliver by group video-call. We argue that dementia prevention is both an individual and societal concern. For more vulnerable populations, messages that lifestyle change can help memory should be communicated alongside supportive, relational approaches to enabling lifestyle changes.