bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension by multimodality imaging: Left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis
Authors: Uygur Begum , Turkvatan Cansever Aysel , Demir Ali Riza , Kahraman Serkan , Guner Ahmet , Sahin Ahmet Anil , Topel Cagdas , Celik Omer , Yildiz Mustafa , Erturk Mehmet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), a restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by subendocardial fibrosis, is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions. EMF involving the left ventricle presents with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and is a rare cause of PH in non‐tropical areas. Multimodality imaging is important for accurate diagnosis, especially cardiac magnetic resonance imaging which is the cornerstone. Herein, we report the case of a patient who presented with heart failure symptoms and severe PH, and in whom EMF was diagnosed by multimodality imaging.
Intersecting stigma and HIV testing practices among urban refugee adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda: qualitative findings
Authors: Logie Carmen H , Okumu Moses , Kibuuka Musoke Daniel , Hakiza Robert , Mwima Simon , Kyambadde Peter , Abela Heather , Gittings Lesley , Musinguzi Joshua , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Baral Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHIV‐related risks may be exacerbated in humanitarian contexts. Uganda hosts 1.3 million refugees, of which 60% are aged under 18. There are knowledge gaps regarding HIV testing facilitators and barriers, including HIV and intersecting stigmas, among urban refugee youth. In response, we explored experiences and perspectives towards HIV testing strategies, including HIV self‐testing, with urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe implemented a qualitative study with refugee cisgender youth aged 16 to 24 living in Kampala's informal settlements from February‐April 2019. We conducted five focus groups with refugee youth, including two with adolescent boys and young men, two with adolescent girls and young women and one with female sex workers. We also conducted five key informant (KI) interviews with government, non‐government and community refugee agencies and HIV service providers. We conducted thematic analyses to understand HIV testing experiences, perspectives and recommendations.ResultsParticipants (n = 49) included young men (n = 17) and young women (n = 27) originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo [DRC] (n = 29), Rwanda (n = 11), Burundi (n = 3) and Sudan (n = 1), in addition to five KI (gender: n = 3 women, n = 2 men; country of origin: n = 2 Rwanda, n = 2 Uganda, n = 1 DRC). Participant narratives revealed stigma drivers included fear of HIV infection; misinformation that HIV is a “Ugandan disease”; and blame and shame for sexual activity. Stigma facilitators included legal precarity regarding sex work, same‐sex practices and immigration status, alongside healthcare mistreatment and confidentiality concerns. Stigma experiences were attributed to the social devaluation of intersecting identities (sex work, youth, refugees, sexual minorities, people living with HIV, women). Participants expressed high interest in HIV self‐testing. They recommended HIV self‐testing implementation strategies to be peer supported and expressed concerns regarding sexual‐ and gender‐based violence with partner testing.ConclusionsIntersecting stigma rooted in fear, misinformation, blame and shame, legal precarity and healthcare mistreatment constrain current HIV testing strategies with urban refugee youth. Findings align with the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework that conceptualizes stigma drivers and facilitators that devalue intersecting health conditions and social identities. Findings can inform multi‐level strategies to foster enabling HIV testing environments with urban refugee youth, including tackling intersecting stigma and leveraging refugee youth peer support.
Characteristics of primary Epstein–Barr virus infection disease spectrum and its reactivation in children, in Suzhou, China
Authors: Shi Ting , Huang Linlin , Chen Zhengrong , Tian Jianmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent herpesvirus associated with multiple diseases. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of primary EBV infection disease spectrum and reactivation in children, in Suzhou, China. All children admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between May 2018 and September 2020 with suspected EBV‐associated disease and subjected to the indirect immunofluorescence assay for EBV‐specific antibodies and plasma EBV‐DNA assays were included. Of the 3567 children, 2782 (78.0%) tested positive for EBV. The positive rates of viral capsid antigen (VCA)‐IgM, VCA‐IgG, early antigen (EA)‐IgG, nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐IgG, and plasma EBV‐DNA were 12.1%, 74.6%, 37.9%, 35.6%, and 31.1%, respectively. The lowest VCA‐IgG and EBNA‐IgG seropositivity rates occurred at ages between 8 and 36 months, then increased gradually in the older age groups. The EBV‐IgM seropositivity rate was the highest in those aged 36 to <72 months. Primary EBV infection was more common in children aged 36 to <72 months. In past infections, reactivation mainly occurred in 8 to <36 months. The most common disease caused by primary EBV infection was infectious mononucleosis (56.1%), followed by a respiratory infection (17.0%). Respiratory infection (30.0%), EBV infection (29.2%), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (15.8%) were the commonest diseases caused by EBV reactivation. EBV reactivation was a risk factor for HLH (adjusted odds ratio, 16.4; 95% confidence interval, 7.9–34.0). Among reactivated patients, the viral load of HLH was higher than that of EBV infection and respiratory infection (p < .01). This is a retrospective large sample study that explored the characteristics of primary EBV infection disease spectrum and reactivation in children.
Continuity in transition: Combining recovery and day‐of‐week perspectives to understand changes in employee energy across the 7‐day week
Authors: Weigelt Oliver , Siestrup Katja , Prem Roman 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWe integrate perspectives from research on recovery from work and perspectives from day‐of‐week research to predict continuous as well as discontinuous changes in vitality and fatigue. We examine whether changes in recovery experiences and sleep quality predict changes in human energy over the course of the weekend. Furthermore, we consider positive anticipation of work at the start of the workweek and effort during the workweek to predict changes in energy. We collected experience sampling data from 87 employees over the course of 12 days. In total, 2,187 observations nested in 972 days were eligible for analysis. Applying discontinuous growth curve modeling, we found that human energy increases continuously during the weekend, drops on Monday, follows a passageway trajectory from Monday to Thursday, and increases on Friday again. Changes in recovery experiences did not predict changes in energy but increases in sleep quality did. Positive anticipation of work attenuated the drop in vitality on Monday. Effort did not predict changes in energy over the course of the workweek. Our results suggest that the transition between weekends and workweeks and vice versa accounts for considerable changes in human energy and that weekends are recuperative, particularly because they provide the opportunity for better sleep.
Studies on the characteristics and mechanism of aerobic biodegradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by Irpex lacteus F17
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Juan , Fan Luosheng , Jia Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the characteristics of aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by Irpex lacteus F17 (I. lacteus F17) under four different cometabolic substrates (phenol, glucose, sodium pyruvate, and sodium citrate). The biodegradation of TBBPA by I. lacteus F17 could be enhanced via cometabolism, and glucose (8 g/L) was confirmed to be the optimum carbon source. For different initial solution pH ranging from 3.0 to 8.0, the results showed that I. lacteus F17 could be applied to biodegrade TBBPA in a wide pH range of 4.0–8.0, and the degradation rate could reach the maximum 75.31%, while the debromination rate reached the maximum 12.40% under pH 5.0. In addition, it has been confirmed that Mn2+ (50 μmol/L) could promote the secretion of manganese peroxidase and TBBPA biodegradation efficiency. Seven intermediates were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, and the possible degradation pathways were proposed, which indicated the biodegradation of TBBPA might be subjected to debromination, β‐scission, hydroxylation, deprotonation, and oxidation reactions.
CCR2 contributes to host defense against Staphylococcus aureus orthopedic implant‐associated infections in mice
Authors: Wang Yu , Dikeman Dustin , Zhang Jeffrey , Ackerman Nicole , Kim Sophia , Alphonse Martin P. , Ortines Roger V. , Liu Haiyun , Joyce Daniel P. , Dillen Carly A. , Thompson John M. , Thomas Abigail A. , Plaut Roger D. , Miller Lloyd S. , Archer Nathan K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractC‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is an important mediator of myeloid cell chemotaxis during inflammation and infection. Myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils contribute to host defense during orthopedic implant‐associated infections (OIAI), but whether CCR2‐mediated chemotaxis is involved remains unclear. Therefore, a Staphylococcus aureus OIAI model was performed by surgically placing an orthopedic‐grade titanium implant and inoculating a bioluminescent S. aureus strain in knee joints of wildtype (wt) and CCR2‐deficient mice. In vivo bioluminescent signals significantly increased in CCR2‐deficient mice compared with wt mice at later time points (Days 14–28), which was confirmed with ex vivo colony‐forming unit enumeration. S. aureus γ‐hemolysin utilizes CCR2 to induce host cell lysis. However, there were no differences in bacterial burden when the OIAI model was performed with a parental versus a mutant γ‐hemolysin‐deficient S. aureus strain, indicating that the protection was mediated by the host cell function of CCR2 rather than γ‐hemolysin virulence. Although CCR2‐deficient and wt mice had similar cellular infiltrates in the infected joint tissue, CCR2‐deficient mice had reduced myeloid cells and γδ T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Taken together, CCR2 contributed to host defense at later time points during an OIAI by increasing immune cell infiltrates in the draining lymph nodes, which likely contained the infection and prevented invasive spread.
Effects of diet, BMP‐2 treatment, and femoral skeletal injury on endothelial cells derived from the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs
Authors: Dadwal Ushashi C. , Staut Caio de Andrade , Tewari Nikhil P. , Awosanya Olatundun D. , Mendenhall Stephen K. , Valuch Conner R. , Nagaraj Rohit U. , Blosser Rachel J. , Li Jiliang , Kacena Melissa A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) results in physiological and structural changes in bone, contributing to poor fracture healing. T2D compromises microvascular performance, which can negatively impact bone regeneration as angiogenesis is required for new bone formation. We examined the effects of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) administered locally at the time of femoral segmental bone defect (SBD) surgery, and its angiogenic impacts on endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the ipsilateral or contralateral tibia in T2D mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low‐fat diet (LFD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) starting at 8 weeks. After 12 weeks, the T2D phenotype in HFD mice was confirmed via glucose and insulin tolerance testing and echoMRI, and all mice underwent SBD surgery. Mice were treated with BMP‐2 (5 µg) or saline at the time of surgery. Three weeks postsurgery, bone marrow ECs were isolated from ipsilateral and contralateral tibias, and proliferation, angiogenic potential, and gene expression of the cells was analyzed. BMP‐2 treatment increased EC proliferation by two fold compared with saline in LFD contralateral tibia ECs, but no changes were seen in surgical tibia EC proliferation. BMP‐2 treatment enhanced vessel‐like structure formation in HFD mice whereas, the opposite was observed in LFD mice. Still, in BMP‐2 treated LFD mice, ipsilateral tibia ECs increased expression of CD31, FLT‐1, ANGPT1, and ANGPT2. These data suggest that the modulating effects of T2D and BMP‐2 on the microenvironment of bone marrow ECs may differentially influence angiogenic properties at the fractured limb versus the contralateral limb.
A critical analysis of the 8th edition TNM staging for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastases and comparison to N1S3 stage and ITEM risk score: A multicenter study
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Luk Peter P. , Low Hubert , McDowell Lachlan , Magarey Matthew J. R. , Smith Paul N. , Perriman Diana M. , Veness Michael , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe performed a critical analysis of the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) with nodal metastases and compared the performance to the N1S3 and ITEM systems.MethodsMulticenter study of 990 patients with metastatic HNcSCC treated with curative intent. The end points of interest were disease‐specific (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Model fit was evaluated using Harrell's Concordance Index (C‐index), proportion of variation explained (PVE), Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion.ResultsN1S3 and ITEM demonstrated good distribution into risk categories in contrast to the AJCC system, which classified the majority (90.6%) of patients as N2‐3 and Stage IV due to the high rate of extranodal extension. The N2c and N3a categories appeared redundant. There was considerable discordance between systems in risk allocation on an individual patient basis. N1S3 was the best performed (DSS: C‐index 0.62, PVE 10.9%; OS: C‐index 0.59, PVE 4.5%), albeit with relatively poor predictive value.ConclusionsThe AJCC N category and tumor node metastasis stage have poor patient distribution and predictive performance in HNcSCC. The AJCC stage, N1S3, and ITEM score all provide limited prognostic information based on objective measures highlighting the need to develop a staging system specific to HNcSCC.
Poly‐pharmacokinetic strategy represented the synergy effects of bioactive compounds in a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Si Shen Wan and its separated recipes to normal and colitis rats
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Shi , Xu Qing‐Xia , Xu Wei , Zhang You‐Bo , Yang Xiu‐Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSi Shen Wan is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat chronic colitis for thousands of years. Many research and experience show that Si Shen Wan was developed by the combination of two sets of “Herb Pairs,” Er Shen Wan and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis Powder. This research aimed to revealing the effective substances, guide the clinical treatment, and represent the synergy effects from the view of pharmacokinetics. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for simultaneous quantification of 26 main bioactive compounds in normal and colitis rat plasma after oral administration of Si Shen Wan and its “Herb Pairs” extract. The method validation results illustrated that the experimental method was reliable and reproducible for quantitative determination of the biological samples. The pharmacokinetic behaviors in different groups were compared and discussed comprehensively, which indicated that the treatment of Si Shen Wan has a superiority in synthetic action of the “Herb Pairs” for the higher peak concentrations and bioavailability of some mainly components. Furthermore, the synergy effect was still existing backed up again for the longer eliminate time and a better bioavailability in colitis groups. The pharmacokinetics research of multiple components in Si Shen Wan and its “Herb Pairs” supplied a significant basis for better understanding the metabolic mechanism of these formulas in both normal and pathological state.
Analysis and Classification of Postcatheterization Femoral Arteriovenous Fistulas Based on Color Doppler Examinations
Authors: Middleton William D. , Robinson Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze and classify arterial supply and venous drainage of postcatheterization femoral arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs).MethodsA review of extremity Doppler reports identified 77 femoral AVFs in 75 patients. Doppler exams were reviewed retrospectively. Fistulas were classified as above or below the common femoral artery bifurcation and subclassified based on the location of arterial inflow and venous outflow.ResultsArterial inflow originated above the femoral bifurcation in 32 cases. The communication was between the common femoral artery and the superficial circumflex iliac vein in 25 of 32 cases and between a branch of the common femoral or external iliac artery and the common femoral or external iliac vein in 4 of 32 cases. In 3 of 32 cases, AVFs arose from the common femoral artery, but the venous outflow was not determined. Arterial inflow originated from the superficial femoral artery in 23 cases. Venous outflow originated from the common femoral vein in 10 of 23 cases, the femoral vein in 7 of 23 cases, and the lateral circumflex femoral vein in 6 of 23 cases. Arterial inflow originated from the deep femoral artery in 12 cases. Venous outflow originated from the common femoral vein in 6 of 12 cases and from the lateral circumflex femoral vein 6 of 12 cases. In 8 cases, the AVF originated below the bifurcation, but the arterial inflow was not classified. In 2 cases, it was impossible to determine if the AVF originated above or below the bifurcation.ConclusionsIatrogenic femoral AVFs arise above the femoral bifurcation more often than previously recognized. Classification based on the arterial inflow and venous outflow provides a straightforward means of describing these fistulas.
Divergent responses of the soil bacteria community to multi‐level nitrogen enrichment in temperate grasslands under different degrees of degradation
Authors: Dong Chengcheng , Shi Yu , Wang Junjian , Zeng Hui , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) enrichment has been reported to affect the soil bacteria community in natural temperate grasslands. However, it remains unknown how the bacteria community responds to N enrichment in degraded grasslands. Here, we established multi‐level N enrichment experiments in temperate grasslands under non‐degraded (ND), moderately degraded (MD), severely degraded (SD), and extremely degraded (ED) sites in northern China. The bacteria community was investigated by high‐throughput sequencing and linked to major abiotic and biotic factors. We found bacterial diversity was lower in ED grassland than the other grasslands, and community composition highly varied across the four degrees of degradation. Change in bacterial diversity was due to the different variations in dominant phyla, and soil phosphorus content contributed to the variation in community composition across grasslands under increasing degradation. In ND, MD, and SD grasslands, bacterial diversity was not significantly altered by N enrichment below 30 g‐N m−2 yr−1 but declined when N enrichment was greater than 30 g‐N m−2 yr−1. The bacterial diversity loss was associated with the decreased soil pH under N enrichment. However, in ED grassland, bacterial diversity decreased when N enrichment was below 30 g‐N m−2 yr−1 and remained unchanged when N enrichment was greater than 30 g‐N m−2 yr−1. Change in bacterial diversity was modulated by soil N availability. Besides, N enrichment shifted bacterial community composition via changing soil N availability. Our study identified bacterial diversity loss in ED grassland and differently nonlinear responses of bacterial diversity to multi‐level N enrichment in grasslands under different degrees of degradation.
Near‐Infrared PhotoInitiating Systems: Photothermal versus Triplet–Triplet Annihilation‐Based Upconversion Polymerization
Authors: Caron Aurore , Noirbent Guillaume , Gigmes Didier , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNIR light‐induced polymerization has attracted more and more attention in the photopolymerization field due to the possibility to use safer and more penetrating wavelengths, reducing the hazardousness. Here, a novel perspective for the free radical polymerization of acrylate‐based monomers based on triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is proposed, avoiding the introduction of heavy metals, usually required in the TTA processes. Thermal imaging experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are respectively used to record the temperature during NIR irradiation and measure the reactive function conversion. The competition between the TTA‐UC and the NIR photothermal activation is investigated to compare the relative efficiency of both NIR processes. In view of the results obtained by the different methods, the photothermal effect seems to get the upper hand over the photoactivation of the system.
Defining Atypical Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Forbes Elana J. , Byrne Gerard J. , O'Sullivan John D. , Yang Jihyun , Marsh Rodney , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnxiety is a major complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Many PD patients experience clinically significant anxiety not meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) anxiety disorder criteria. This atypical anxiety (anxiety disorder not otherwise specified [NOS]) is often under‐recognized and its diagnosis is underdeveloped.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the demographic, psychiatric, and clinical characteristics of anxiety disorder NOS in PD.MethodsA cross‐sectional design studied a convenience sample of 184 PD patients without dementia recruited from neurology outpatient clinics. A semi‐structured interview using DSM‐IV criteria categorized PD patients into current anxiety disorder NOS (n = 28), DSM‐IV anxiety disorders (n = 42) or no anxiety (n = 86) groups. Logistic regression modeling identified characteristics associated with the anxiety disorder NOS group compared to DSM‐IV anxiety and no anxiety groups.ResultsThe anxiety disorder NOS group was associated with motor complications of PD therapy, episodic, persistent and social anxiety symptoms, depression, non‐motor experiences of daily living, poor quality of life, and female sex compared to the no anxiety group. Compared to DSM‐IV anxiety, those with anxiety disorder NOS demonstrated greater global cognitive impairment, more severe motor complications of PD therapy, a greater severity and functional impact of dyskinesias, and greater complexity of motor fluctuations. Persistent, episodic, and social anxiety symptoms did not significantly differ between anxiety disorder NOS and DSM‐IV anxiety groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that PD‐specific symptoms characterize anxiety in a subgroup of PD patients who do not fulfill DSM‐IV criteria for anxiety disorders.