bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization of Organoids Derived From Irreversibly Damaged Liver of Patients With NASH
Authors: McCarron Sarah , Bathon Brooke , Conlon Donna M. , Abbey Deepti , Rader Daniel J. , Gawronski Katerina , Brown Christopher D. , Olthoff Kim M. , Shaked Abraham , Raabe Tobias D. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims
NASH will soon become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States and is also associated with increased COVID‐19 mortality. Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs available that slow NASH progression or address NASH liver involvement in COVID‐19. Because animal models cannot fully recapitulate human NASH, we hypothesized that stem cells isolated directly from end‐stage liver from patients with NASH may address current knowledge gaps in human NASH pathology.

Approach and Results
We devised methods that allow the derivation, proliferation, hepatic differentiation, and extensive characterization of bipotent ductal organoids from irreversibly damaged liver from patients with NASH. The transcriptomes of organoids derived from NASH liver, but not healthy liver, show significant up‐regulation of proinflammatory and cytochrome p450–related pathways, as well as of known liver fibrosis and tumor markers, with the degree of up‐regulation being patient‐specific. Functionally, NASH liver organoids exhibit reduced passaging/growth capacity and hallmarks of NASH liver, including decreased albumin production, increased free fatty acid–induced lipid accumulation, increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, and increased cytochrome P450 metabolism. After hepatic differentiation, NASH liver organoids exhibit reduced ability to dedifferentiate back to the biliary state, consistent with the known reduced regenerative ability of NASH livers. Intriguingly, NASH liver organoids also show strongly increased permissiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vesicular stomatitis pseudovirus as well as up‐regulation of ubiquitin D, a known inhibitor of the antiviral interferon host response.

Conclusion
Expansion of primary liver stem cells/organoids derived directly from irreversibly damaged liver from patients with NASH opens up experimental avenues for personalized disease modeling and drug development that has the potential to slow human NASH progression and to counteract NASH‐related SARS‐CoV‐2 effects.
Cancer survivors’ perspectives of dietary information provision after cancer treatment: A scoping review of the Australian context
Authors: Barlow Katherine H. , van der Pols Jolieke C. , Ekberg Stuart , Johnston Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIssue addressedTo support survivor‐centred care in Australia, this review maps current knowledge regarding adult cancer survivors’ perspectives of dietary information provision post‐treatment.MethodsA scoping review of research conducted in Australia within the past decade reported using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Seven databases were searched (01/01/2009‐05/06/2020) and records were independently screened by two researchers using eligibility criteria. Papers in the peer‐reviewed literature with dietary information post‐treatment as a primary and secondary outcome were eligible for inclusion. Data charting included participant characteristics, study methodology and cancer survivors’ reports of dietary information provision post‐treatment.ResultsOf 531 records identified, 12 met eligibility criteria. Most studies included breast (58%) and colorectal (42%) cancer survivors within 5 years post‐diagnosis (84%). Three studies were conducted amongst specific ethnic groups (Indigenous Australians, Chinese‐Australians, Greek‐Australians). Participants in the included studies commonly reported limited or ineffective dietary information from healthcare providers post‐treatment. Cancer survivors identified a need for individualised information regarding dietary strategies to manage ongoing symptoms, professional support for weight management, and practical skills for healthy eating. Amongst ethnic groups, there was a need for dietary information that considers traditional foods and cultural beliefs, and is available in their native language. Cancer survivors valued ongoing dietary follow‐up and support post‐treatment, and suggested a variety of face‐to‐face and online delivery modes. Those residing in rural and remote areas reported barriers to accessing dietary information post‐treatment including time, cost, and availability of local services.ConclusionsThere is scope to improve dietary information provision after cancer treatment in Australia.So what?Dietary guidance post‐treatment should consider individual needs, cultural background, and opportunity for ongoing follow‐up and support.
Causes of death among women with breast cancer: A follow‐up study of 50 481 women with breast cancer in Finland
Authors: Katuwal Sushmita , Jousilahti Pekka , Pukkala Eero 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur study aims to assess mortality from causes other than breast cancer among women with breast cancer with focus on indications of joint aetiology. Data on female breast cancer patients were obtained from the Finnish Cancer Registry and their underlying causes of death in 54 categories from the Statistics Finland. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for 50 481 patients diagnosed between 1971 and 2000 and followed until December 2012, stratified by histology, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis. The expected numbers of deaths were based on respective mortality rates among the Finnish general population. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated from Poisson regression model to compare risks of cause of death by histology. 41% of 30 841 deaths were due to causes other than breast cancer. Significant excess mortality was observed for stomach cancer (SMR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26‐1.62), circulatory system diseases (SMR 1.17, 95% CI 1.14‐1.20) and suicide (SMR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28‐1.78). In an age‐adjusted analysis, significantly higher relative risk of stomach cancer mortality was observed for lobular vs ductal subtype (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.32‐3.02). Significantly increased SMRs were observed for cancers of respiratory organs among premenopausal women, and for other respiratory system diseases, dementia and Alzheimer disease among postmenopausal women. We conclude that female breast cancer patients are at increased risk of death from causes other than the breast cancer diagnosis including circulatory and respiratory system diseases and cancer of stomach, ovary and respiratory systems. The excess mortality because of different causes varies based on menopausal status and histology. There might be shared aetiological factors between the diagnosis of breast cancer and the causes of death among these patients.
Culture strategy as a modulator of target assessments: Functionality of suspension versus hanging drop‐derived choriocarcinoma spheroids as in vitro model of embryo implantation
Authors: Kazemi Mahsa , Jajarmi Vahid , Nazarian Hamid , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Salehpour Saghar , Piryaei Abbas , Heidari Khoei Heidar , Choobineh Hamid , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Haji Molla Hoseini Mostafa , Heidari Mohammad Hasan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe choriocarcinoma spheroid model has been amply applied to study the underlying molecular mechanism of implantation. Reproducibility and functionality of spheroid tumor models were addressed precisely. To mimic embryo‐endometrium crosstalk, no functional characteristics of spheroids have been provided based on culture strategies. In this study, choriocarcinoma spheroids were provided as suspension culture (SC) or hanging drop culture (HDC). Primary assessments were performed based on morphology, cellular density, and hormonal secretion. Spheroid‐endometrial cross talk was assessed as coculture procedures. Further, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of genes involved in attachment, invasion, and inducing migration were quantified. We found HDC spheroids provided a homogenous‐shaped aggregate with a high grade of viability, cellular integration, hormonal secretion, and the dominant role of WNTs expression in their microarchitecture. SC spheroids showed a higher level of ALP activity and the expression of integrated genes in modulating attachment, invasion, and migration abilities. Spheroid confrontation assays clearly clarified the superiority of SC spheroids to crosstalk with epithelial and stromal cells of endometrium in addition to motivating an ideal endometrial response. Conclusively, culture strategies by affecting various molecular signaling pathways should be chosen precisely according to specific target assessments. Specifically, SC assumed as an ideal model in spheroid‐endometrial cross talk.
Hand hygiene during the COVID‐19 pandemic among people experiencing homelessness—Atlanta, Georgia, 2020
Authors: Montgomery Martha P. , Carry Monique G. , Garcia‐Williams Amanda G. , Marshall Brittany , Besrat Bethlehem , Bejarano Franco , Carlson Joshua , Rutledge Ty , Mosites Emily 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeople experiencing homelessness are at risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and may experience barriers to hand hygiene, a primary recommendation for COVID‐19 prevention. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 51 people experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness in Atlanta, Georgia during May 2020 to August 2020 to (1) describe challenges and opportunities related to hand hygiene and (2) assess hand hygiene communication preferences. The primary hand hygiene barrier reported was limited access to facilities and supplies, which has disproportionately impacted people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. This lack of access has reportedly been exacerbated during COVID‐19 by the closure of public facilities and businesses. Increased access to housing and employment were identified as long‐term solutions to improving hand hygiene. Overall, participants expressed a preference for access to facilities and supplies over hand hygiene communication materials.
Neuroimaging Phenotyping and Assessment of Structural‐Metabolic‐Electrophysiological Alterations in the Temporal Neocortex of Focal Cortical Dysplasia IIIa
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Wei Wei , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Jianguo , Ma Yanshan , Sang Lin , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Wang Yao , Wang Xiu , Liu Chang , Zhao Baotian , Gao Dongmei , Tian Jie , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundFocal cortical dysplasia IIIa (FCD IIIa) is a common histopathological finding in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, subtle alterations in the temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa renders presurgical diagnosis and definition of the resective range challenging.PurposeTo explore neuroimaging phenotyping and structural‐metabolic‐electrophysiological alterations in FCD IIIa.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty‐seven subjects aged 4–39 years, including 64 FCD IIIa patients, 89 healthy controls and 14 FCD I patients as disease controls.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, fast‐spin‐echo T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), synthetic T1‐weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE).AssessmentSurface‐based linear model was applied to reveal neuroimaging phenotyping in FCD IIIa and assess its relationship with clinical variables. Logistic regression was implemented to identify FCD IIIa patients. Epileptogenicity mapping (EM) was conducted to explore the structural‐metabolic‐electrophysiological alterations in temporal neocortex of FCD IIIa.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test was applied to determine the significance of paired differences. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the goodness‐of‐fit (GOF) of the models, combined with the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test.ResultsFCD IIIa exhibited widespread hyperintensities in temporal neocortex, and these alterations correlated with disease duration (Puncorrected < 0.01). Machine learning model accurately identified 84.4% of FCD IIIa patients, 92.1% of healthy controls and 92.9% of FCD I patients. Cross‐modality analysis showed a significant negative correlation between FLAIR hyperintensity and positron emission tomography hypometabolism P < 0.01). Furthermore, epileptogenic cortices were located predominantly in brain regions with FLAIR hyperintensity and hypometabolism.Data ConclusionFCD IIIa exhibited widespread temporal neocortex FLAIR hyperintensity. Automated machine learning of neuroimaging patterns is conducive for accurate identification of FCD IIIa. The degree and distribution of morphological alterations related to the extent of metabolic and epileptogenic abnormalities, lending support to its potential value for reduction of the radiative and invasive approaches during presurgical workup.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
An analytical model of surface potential and capacitance in heterojunction SELBOX TFET
Authors: Ghosh Puja , Bhowmick Brinda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Surface potential model based on 2D Poisson's equation of heterojunction Selective Buried Oxide (SELBOX) TFET has been predicted with appropriate boundary conditions in the rectangular coordinates. The device has been bifurcated into rectangular regions to perform an analysis of the electrostatic potential of the device. The potentials in the source and drain regions have been considered constant. The potential model is utilized to derive the mathematical relations for the electric field. Moreover, the affectability of drain voltage and gate voltage on capacitance has been explored by formulating the analytical model for capacitance. The charge model has also been articulated. The capacitance model considers depletion capacitances, inversion capacitances, and fringing capacitances of the proposed device. The total charge is modeled by considering the depletion charge and inner fringing charge at the source region with the dominancy of inversion charge at the channel region. Further, subthreshold swing (SS) based on band to band tunneling (BTBT) has been derived. The device behavior has been studied by incorporating quantum correction (QC). The analytically modeled results agree well with the TCAD simulation results.
Lymph node positivity and association with long‐term survival for different histologies of appendiceal cancer
Authors: Webb Christopher , Chang Yu‐Hui , Pockaj Barbara A. , Gray Richard J. , Stucky Chee‐Chee , Wasif Nabil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppendiceal cancers represent a diverse group of malignancies with varying biological behavior. The significance of lymph node metastases in relation to long‐term survival and chemotherapy response is poorly defined.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried to find patients diagnosed with appendiceal cancer from 1998 to 2012. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to study the association between lymph node status and overall survival. Stage IV patients were excluded.ResultsThe rate of nodal positivity of the 9841 patients with known node status was: signet ring 47.4%, carcinoid 42.3%, nonmucinous adenocarcinoma 28.8%, goblet cell 21.9%, and mucinous adenocarcinoma 20.4%. Node‐positive patients had worse long‐term survival for all subtypes with the exception of carcinoid tumors (p < 0.001). The strongest association was for signet cell and goblet cell. Adjuvant chemotherapy in node‐positive patients improved survival for mucinous, nonmucinous, and signet ring cell histology (p < 0.01), but not for goblet cell.ConclusionsNodal involvement in patients with appendiceal cancer varies in incidence, association with adverse survival, and response to systemic therapy. Individualized treatment algorithms for the management of the subtypes of appendiceal cancer are needed.
Plastic work constrained elastoplastic topology optimization
Authors: Ivarsson Niklas , Wallin Mathias , Amir Oded , Tortorelli Daniel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn elastoplastic topology optimization framework for limiting plastic work generation while maximizing stiffness is presented. The kinematics and constitutive model are based on finite strain linear isotropic hardening plasticity, and the balance laws are solved using a total Lagrangian finite element formulation. Aggregation of the specific plastic work combined with an adaptive normalization scheme efficiently constrains the maximum specific plastic work. The optimization problem is regularized using an augmented partial differential equation filter, and is solved by the method of moving asymptotes where path‐dependent sensitivities are derived using the adjoint method. The numerical examples show a clear dependence on the optimized maximum stiffness structures for different levels of constrained specific plastic work. It is also shown that due to the history dependency of the plasticity, the load path significantly influences the structural performance and optimized topology.
Development and validation of a predictive model algorithm to identify anaphylaxis in adults with type 2 diabetes in U.S. administrative claims data
Authors: Beachler Daniel C. , Taylor Devon H. , Anthony Mary S. , Yin Ruihua , Li Ling , Saltus Catherine W. , Li Lin , Shaunik Alka , Walsh Kathleen E. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Johannes Catherine B. , Aroda Vanita R. , Carr Warner , Goldberg Pinkus , Accardi Andrew , O'Shura John Shane , Sharma Kristen , Juhaeri Juhaeri , Lanes Stephan , Wu Chuntao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo use medical record adjudication and predictive modeling methods to develop and validate an algorithm to identify anaphylaxis among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in administrative claims.MethodsA conventional screening algorithm that prioritized sensitivity to identify potential anaphylaxis cases was developed and consisted of diagnosis codes for anaphylaxis or relevant signs and symptoms. This algorithm was applied to adults with T2D in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD) from 2016 to 2018. Clinical experts adjudicated anaphylaxis case status from redacted medical records. We used confirmed case status as an outcome for predictive models developed using lasso regression with 10‐fold cross‐validation to identify predictors and estimate the probability of confirmed anaphylaxis.ResultsClinical adjudicators reviewed medical records with sufficient information from 272 adults identified by the anaphylaxis screening algorithm, which had an estimated Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 65% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60%–71%). The predictive model algorithm had a c‐statistic of 0.95. The model's probability threshold of 0.60 excluded 89% (84/94) of false positives identified by the screening algorithm, with a PPV of 94% (95% CI: 91%–98%). The model excluded very few true positives (15 of 178), and identified 92% (95% CI: 87%–96%) of the cases selected by the screening algorithm.ConclusionsPredictive modeling techniques yielded an accurate algorithm with high PPV and sensitivity for identifying anaphylaxis in administrative claims. This algorithm could be considered in future safety studies using similar claims data to reduce potential outcome misclassification.
A green intumescent flame retardant system using an inositol‐based carbon source: preparation and characteristics in polypropylene
Authors: Ding Siyin , Liu Peng , Zhang Shimin , Ding Yanfen , Wang Feng , Gao Chong , Yang Mingshu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInositol (Ino) is an ideal candidate carbon source for an intumescent flame retardant due to its polyhydroxy structure and biological origin. In the current study, Ino was modified with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and then compounded with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), forming a novel intumescent flame retardant incorporated into polypropylene (PP). The compounded APP with HDI‐modified Ino (APP/HIno) increased the char residue and improved the thermal stability of the PP composites as well as APP/Ino did. Furthermore, when replacing Ino with HIno, the limited oxygen index value and UL‐94 rating were improved from 20.9% and no rating of PP/APP/Ino‐30 composite to 34.0% and V‐0 rating of PP/APP/HIno‐30 composite. The limited oxygen index values of PP composites increased with dosage increase of APP/HIno, and a dosage of 23 wt% was enough for the PP composite to pass the V‐0 rating. It is suggested that APP/HIno better matched the degradation temperature of PP than APP/Ino and induced the formation of a char layer effectively. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
On‐Task in a Box as a classwide intervention: Effects on on‐task behavior and academic productivity
Authors: Rames‐LaPointe Jessica , Hixson Michael D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterventions that target on‐task behavior are essential, as on‐task behavior is linked to the amount of learning that occurs in a classroom. On‐Task in a Box is a manualized intervention to increase on‐task behavior that utilizes video modeling and self‐monitoring in conjunction with group contingencies. The current study evaluated the effects of the On‐Task in a Box intervention on student on‐task behavior and work completion when implemented as a classwide intervention. A multiple probe design across three elementary classrooms was utilized. All three classrooms demonstrated increases in the level of classwide on‐task behavior as measured through direct observation, but mixed results were found for work completion, measured by teacher direct behavior ratings. Teachers generally rated the intervention as effective and relatively easy to implement.
Links between proactive and reactive aggression and disciplinary actions among middle school‐age youth
Authors: Fite Paula J. , Abel Madelaine R. , Hesse Daryl R. , Griffith Rebecca L. , Doyle Rachel L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study examined associations between proactive and reactive aggression and disciplinary actions in an academic year among middle school‐age youth at Time 1 (Fall) and 6‐month later (Spring) and evaluated school attachment as a moderator of these links. Findings indicated that reactive, not proactive, aggression was robustly positively associated with disciplinary actions in both Fall and Spring. School attachment was negatively associated with disciplinary action in both Fall and Spring but did not moderate the links between either function of aggression and disciplinary actions at either time point. Findings suggest that reactive, not proactive, aggression is linked with disciplinary actions at school, and this effect is independent of levels of school attachment. Implications for these findings are discussed.