bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research outputs after the Coursework Pathway
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Tan Gim A. , O'Reilly Gerard M. , Jennings Paul A. , Roman Cristina P. , Hocking Jessica , Cameron Peter A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to quantify research outputs after completing a Coursework Pathway (CP).MethodsEmergency medicine trainees who completed a CP during 2012–2022 were included. Research outputs were identified using Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed and Google Scholar.ResultsAmong 545 eligible candidates, 129 (23.7%) published at least one manuscript, with 319 publications over the study period. There was a significant increase in publications since course completion (IRR 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09–1.18).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of trainees who completed the CP published subsequent research. This provides a measure for emergency clinicians undertaking research projects after completing the CP.
Issuing of albumin solutions to Danish public hospitals—A nationwide, retrospective, observational study based on pharmacy data from 2022
Authors: Aabye Jeppe , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Ellekjær Karen Louise 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous albumin is used for resuscitation and substitution but is not supported by high‐certainty evidence. As clinical practice likely varies, we aimed to describe the issuing of albumin solutions across Danish public hospitals.MethodsWe assessed issuing of intravenous albumin solutions (5% and 20%) to all Danish public hospitals in 2022. We compared the issuing of albumin relative to total amount of issued fluids (comprising colloid and isotonic crystalloid solutions) at a regional, hospital, and departmental level. We used purchasing data from Danish regional hospital pharmacies as an estimate for the issuing of fluids. Data are presented by standard descriptive summaries.ResultsThe total amount of fluid issued across Danish public hospitals in 2022 was 1,543,199 L, of which 14,888 L (1%) constituted albumin solutions. The issuing of albumin differed across geographical regions ranging from 0.4% to 1.6% of total fluid use. More albumin was issued to university hospitals (1.2%) than non‐university hospitals (0.7%). At the departmental level, proportional issuing of albumin was highest to intensive care units (ICUs) (2.9%) followed by anaesthesia departments (2.2%), medical departments (0.8%), surgical departments (0.3%), and emergency departments (0.1%). We also found geographical differences in the proportional issuing of albumin across ICUs (from 1.1% to 5.2%) and anaesthesia departments (from 0.2% to 5.6%).ConclusionsIn this nationwide study on the issuing of albumin, we observed differences across regional, hospital, and departmental settings. Particularly, the proportional issuing of albumin solutions to ICUs and anaesthesia departments differed across geographical regions suggesting marked practice variation.
CALB1 and RPL23 Are Essential for Maintaining Oocyte Quality and Function During Aging
Authors: Han Yingxue , Du Zihuan , Wu Hao , Zhao Rong , Liu Jikang , Gao Shuai , Zeng Shenming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith advancing age, significant changes occur in the female reproductive system, the most notable of which is the decline in oocyte quality, a key factor affecting female fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying oocyte aging remain poorly understood. In this study, we obtained oocytes from aged and young female mice and performed single‐cell transcriptome sequencing, comparing our findings with existing proteomic analyses. Our analysis revealed that one of the primary characteristics of aging oocytes is the disruption of calcium ion homeostasis. Specifically, we identified two key genes involved in the oocyte aging process, Calb1 and Rpl23. Experimental validation demonstrated that knockdown of CALB1 in oocytes led to reduced calcium ion levels in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and meiotic defects. Further experiments suggested that RPL23 may function as a downstream gene of CALB1, and its knockdown caused mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and spindle assembly defects. Notably, overexpression of these two genes in aging oocytes partially rescued the maternal age‐related defective phenotypes, underscoring their crucial roles in oocyte aging. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying mouse oocyte aging at single‐cell resolution, supported by experimental validation, and offers new directions and potential targets for future research into age‐related reproductive health issues.
Genetic Confounding of the Association Between Age at First Hormonal Contraception and Depression
Authors: Mundy Jessica , Hall Alisha S. M. , Agerbo Esben , Albiñana Clara , Steinbach Jette , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J. , Østergaard Søren D. , Musliner Katherine L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious research has shown that females who use hormonal contraception are at increased risk of developing depression, and that the risk is highest among adolescents. While this finding could reflect age‐specific effects of exogenous hormones on mental health, genetic liability for mental disorders could be confounding the association. Our goal was to test the plausibility of this hypothesis by determining whether polygenic liabilities for major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with younger age at hormonal contraception initiation.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using data from the Danish iPSYCH2015 sub‐cohort, a representative sample of people born in Denmark between May 1981 and December 2008. Polygenic scores (PGSs) for MDD, BD, SCZ, and ADHD were created using the most recent genome‐wide association study meta‐analyses from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Associations between PGSs and hormonal contraception initiation in the following age categories: 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, and 25+ were examined via Cox regression. We examined any hormonal contraception, oral contraception, and non‐oral contraception.ResultsPGS‐MDD and PGS‐ADHD showed the strongest associations with hormonal contraception initiation at age 10–14 (PGS‐ADHD: HR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.16–1.27], p = 6.16 x 10−18; PGS‐MDD: 1.21 [1.16–1.27], p = 1.22 x 10−17). The associations then steadily decreased as age at hormonal contraception initiation increased. Both PGS‐MDD and PGS‐ADHD were also associated with initiation at ages 15–19, but not at 20–24 or 25+. PGS‐BD and PGS‐SCZ were also associated, albeit not as strongly, with initiation at age 10–14 only (PGS‐BD: 1.07 [1.02–1.13], p = 6.87 × 10−3; PGS‐SCZ: 1.09 [1.04–1.14], p = 8.61 × 10−4).Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest that genetic confounding could explain some of the association between early hormonal contraception use and depression. Where possible, researchers studying this important topic should account for possible confounding by genetic liability for mental disorders.
Leaf‐cutter bee damage on Lauraceae leaves from the middle Eocene Anglesea fossil site conflicts with current phylogenies for megachilids (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Australia
Authors: Thomas Megan , Hill Robert , Austin Andrew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDamage to the margin and surface of fossil leaves has been used to identify the likely insect groups involved and to track potential changes in insect communities through evolutionary time. The Anglesea fossil site in Victoria, Australia, has a rich array of fossil leaves preserved in clay and clay‐sand through six fossil lenses dated at late middle Eocene, ~40 Ma. Examination of a large number of fossil leaves and comparison to Northern Hemisphere fossils and modern damage has resulted in 12 with unique margin excisions postulated to be caused by megachilid leaf‐cutter bees. Such findings precede the current dated megachilid phylogeny by ~24 million years. This study aims to draw attention to this discrepancy which may have implications for the understanding of megachilid dispersal events into Australia.
Single versus double stapled anastomosis in natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) laparoscopic anterior resection
Authors: Raju Abdus Salam , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad Javad , Gilmore Andrew James 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (NOSE) has shown benefits such as reduced pain, fewer wound complications, and improved cosmesis. In colorectal anastomosis during NOSE, double staple anastomosis (DSA) and triple stapled technique (TSA) are common. However, a novel single stapled anastomosis (SSA) technique, utilising two laparoscopically placed purse strings and only four 5 mm ports, has emerged. This study aims to compare the complications between single and double stapled anastomoses in NOSE LAR.MethodsA retrospective analysis of NOSE LAR data from 2011 to 2022 included patients. All patients received mechanical bowel preparation, colonoscopic instillation of betadine or chlorhexidine, and antibiotics. DSA was performed conventionally, while the SSA technique involved an additional rectal laparoscopic purse string. Fisher's exact test assessed anastomotic leak rates and the need for intraoperative revisions.ResultsAnalysis of 179 patients revealed 40 with SSA and 139 with DSA. Patient age ranged from 20 to 88 years, with a BMI between 22 and 46 kg/m2. Diverticulitis and malignant polyps, the most common indications. Operation duration was similar between groups (238 min in SSA, 234 min in DSA; P = 0.69). Intraoperative laparoscopic anastomotic redo was significantly higher in the SSA group (six patients) than the DSA group (five patients; P = <0.05). No anastomotic leaks occurred in the SSA group, while six occurred in the DSA group (P = 0.34). There was no significant difference in Length of Stay (LOS), (5 days in SSA versus 6 days in DSA group, P = 0.29).ConclusionsSingle stapled anastomosis in NOSE LAR appears safe for benign conditions but is more likely to necessitate intraoperative redo compared to double stapled anastomosis.
The severity of the first occurrence of bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing asthma symptoms
Authors: Agossah Cedric , Marie Julien , Bendoukha Yasmine , Vallet Cecile , Brouard Jacques , Brossier David 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThe relationship between bronchiolitis and asthma is complex. We assessed whether patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with bronchiolitis had a greater risk of developing asthma than patients admitted to a paediatric ward.MethodsWe retrospectively included children under 1 year of age, who were hospitalised for bronchiolitis for the first time at the University Hospital of Caen, France, between 2010 and 2014. The children were divided into two groups: 89 were admitted to the paediatric ward and 89 were admitted to the PICU. We wanted to assess which group developed more asthma before 6 years of age. The Global Initiative for Asthma definition was used.ResultsThe median age of the 178 children (55% boys) was 32 (interquartile range 19–56) days. We found that 35% of the PICU group and 19% of the ward group had asthma at 6 years of age. The mean onset of symptoms was 3 years earlier in the PICU group than the ward group (p < 0.01). Both these findings were significant.ConclusionThe severity of the first episode of bronchiolitis increased the risk of developing asthma symptoms. Regular follow‐ups are suggested for infants admitted to PICUs for bronchiolitis.
Hate crime law associations with mental health and discrimination experiences among transgender and gender diverse adults
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Fording Richard C. , Kaniuka Andréa R. , Tucker Raymond P. , Diaz‐Garelli Franck , Hill Ryan M. , Brooks Byron , Hanson Brenda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractState‐level hate crime laws are a proposed solution for pernicious effects endured by transgender and gender diverse (e.g., no‐binary, queer) (TGD) communities. The present study investigated the following correlates of psychological distress, suicidal behavior, and discrimination experiences among TGD adults: State‐level hate crime law statutes (e.g., gender identity protection), state‐level attitudes (e.g., conservative ideology), and individual‐level marginalized identities (e.g., sexual minority status). Participants were all TGD adults in the 2015 United States Transgender Survey (USTS). We merged three data sources: the USTS, Cooperative Congressional Election Study, and the Anti‐Defamation League's Hate Crime Map. We employed bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Prominent findings spanning the whole sample included: (a) worse psychological distress was associated with living in a state with greater anti‐TGD attitudes and an absence of gender identity protections; (b) worse 12‐month suicidal behavior was associated with living in a state with an absence of gender identity and police data collection statutes; and (c) holding multiple marginalized identities, particularly having a disability, was the strongest risk factor for experiencing negative outcomes. Findings are contextualized by debates about hate crime laws. We offer recommendations for mental health promotion and suicide prevention, hate crimes training, and future research.
Gender Dysphoria – The Importance of In‐depth Psychological Assessment
Authors: Evans Susan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of gender dysphoria or transgender identity in children and adolescents has raised clinical, ethical and psychological concerns, particularly regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of medical interventions. This paper explores the critical role of thorough psychological assessment in addressing gender dysphoria, with a focus on the closure of the Tavistock NHS Gender Identity Service (GIDS) and the findings of the Cass Review. The author draws on her clinical experience to argue for a comprehensive, individualized approach to the treatment of children and young adults with gender identity conflicts. Key issues discussed include the lack of a robust evidence base for early medical treatments, such as puberty blockers and cross‐sex hormones, and the ethical implications of medicalising the bodies of children before psychological and physical maturity. The paper argues that many children presenting with gender confusion may be navigating complex psychological conflicts, including issues of identity, sexual orientation, anxiety and trauma, and that rushing into potentially harmful and life‐changing medical treatments may remove opportunities for addressing these emotional struggles. The author critiques the affirmative model of treatment, advocating for a more cautious, holistic and empathetic framework that prioritises improved assessment, psychological support and the time required between early adolescent pubertal changes and full sexual, psychological maturation. The paper highlights the implications of the Bell v. Tavistock Judicial Review and questions the issue of informed consent to hormone treatments. The author calls for the restoration of ethical clinical practices aiming to reduce potential harm and improve long‐term outcomes.
Awareness, Acceptability and Factors Influencing Malaria Vaccine Uptake Among Caregivers of Children Under 5 in South‐Western Nigeria
Authors: Olumide Adeleke Thomas , Aigbiremo Oboh Mary , Yetunde Olasinde , Agnes Akinlosotu Morenike , Naomi Oluwasanya Alarape , Victoria Adeleke Oludamola , Samson Timothy Kayode 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMalaria remains a major cause of preventable deaths among children worldwide, despite the availability of several interventions for controlling and eliminating the disease. The WHO recommended the first malaria vaccine, RTS, S/AS01 in October 2021 to immunize children in sub‐Saharan Africa. In this study, we set out to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and acceptability of the malaria vaccine among mothers of under 5 in south‐west Nigeria before the vaccine's rollout in Nigeria.MethodsWe employed a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study for this study. A pretested semistructured, interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to elicit information from the study participants. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0).ResultsA total of 797 respondents participated in the study. Only 26.0% of the respondents were aware of the new vaccine. However, the majority (90.0%) were willing to accept the malaria vaccination and to pay for it (82.1%). The crude odds ratio reveals that the odds of awareness of the malaria vaccine were more than 5 times higher among those who have tertiary education (OR = 5.470, CI = 1.224–24.444) compared with those with primary education.ConclusionThe level of awareness of the malarial vaccine is low among the caregivers of under 5 children living in south‐western Nigeria. However, the willingness to accept the vaccine is high. Recruiting, training and retraining of healthcare providers and other stakeholders with the designated role of providing health education on malaria prevention and vaccines are key in ensuring the success of malaria vaccination.
The Effect of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Fluid Biomarkers: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on the COAST
Authors: Zhao Bote , Zang Peixi , Quan Meina , Wang Qianqian , Guo Dongmei , Jia Jianping , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo analyze the effect of APOE ε4 on fluid biomarkers and the correlations between blood molecules and CSF biomarkers in AD patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 575 AD patients, 131 patients with non‐AD dementia, and 112 cognitively normal (CN) participants, and AD patients were divided into APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and blood‐derived biomolecules were compared between AD and CN groups, between non‐AD dementia and CN groups, as well as within APOE ε4 subgroups of AD patients. Utilizing Spearman's correlation analysis and quantile regression analysis, the relationships between blood‐derived biomolecules and CSF biomarkers were analyzed in APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers.ResultsThe levels of CSF biomarkers and blood molecules exhibited significant differences between the AD and CN groups, including Aβ42, t‐tau, p‐tau 181, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and uric acid. In AD patients, APOE ε4 carriers had increased levels of CSF t‐tau, p‐tau 181, and plasma LDL. In the correlation and regression analyses, the negative relationships between plasma TG and t‐tau, between plasma TG and p‐tau 181 levels, as well as the positive relationship between serum IgA and CSF Aβ42, were observed significantly in APOE ε4+ AD groups, but not in APOE ε4− AD group.ConclusionAPOE ε4 is associated with accelerated progression of AD pathology. The blood‐derived biomolecules correlated with CSF biomarkers in APOE ε4 carriers are related to neuroinflammation and lipid metabolism, which may indicate the role of APOE ε4 in AD pathophysiology and offer insights for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03653156
Metabolic Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Qin Xiaoxiao , Xie Yuan , Wang Lingyun , Wang Jinwen , Ji Shushen , Jiang Huihui , Wang Qun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMetabolomics offers promise in uncovering potential biomarkers and understanding the pathophysiology of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), which is a cluster of disorders with the host immune system targeting self‐antigens expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In this research, our objective was to explore metabolic characterization in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals with AE, aiming to shed light on the pathophysiology of AE.MethodsA targeted approach was applied using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) system to study CSF metabolites in patients with AE (n = 18), and control subjects without neurological diseases (n = 17).ResultsA total of 21 potential biomarkers were acquired by getting the intersection of the differential metabolites from univariate statistics and multidimensional statistics between the AE (cell‐based assay panel, CBA‐panel) group and the control group. Specifically, the levels of pyruvic acid and oxoglutaric acid were notably elevated in the AE(CBA‐panel) group compared to those in the control group, indicating that the dysregulated TCA cycle may play a pivotal role in the progression of AE(CBA‐panel). Interestingly, 27 potential biomarkers were acquired by getting the intersection of the differential metabolites from univariate statistics and multidimensional statistics between the anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) group and the control group, suggesting that the disparities between patients with greater homogeneity and the controls are amplified. In addition, seven differential metabolites were identified by the univariate statistics between the AE (tissue‐based assay, TBA) group and the control group, including alpha‐linolenic acid and gamma‐linolenic acid, suggesting that dysregulated biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and alpha‐linolenic acid metabolism might be crucial in the AE(TBA) disease course.ConclusionCollectively, distinct metabolic profiles were evident in the CSF of the AE group compared to the control group, notably involving metabolites associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of AE.
Empirical test of the participation paradox in conservation and development
Authors: Baral Nabin , Heinen Joel T. , Stern Marc J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLocal participation has been greatly promoted to accomplish conservation and development goals globally, but the participation paradox, in which those empowered to participate fail to do so, has rarely been thoroughly scrutinized. Here we test the participation paradox with empirical data of 234 local decision‐makers' participation in a decision‐making forum, Conservation Area Management Committees, in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in 2013 and 2016, analyzed, interpreted, and integrated. Women, minorities, younger members, and non‐elected members participated significantly less in decision‐making than men, older members, and elected members and those with leadership roles and longer tenures on the committees. Qualitative analyses revealed five major themes for motivation to participate: influence in the community; personal incentives; conservation; improving access to natural resources; and feelings of accomplishment. Key constraints to participation included hardships and competing tasks; lack of incentives; perceptions of limited agency; disinterest; and emotional burdens. Participation motivations and constraints varied by gender, social group, and membership types. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results for participatory approaches to conservation and sustainable development in general and the governance of protected areas in particular.