bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproate use in women aged 15–44 years: an observational study in general practice
Authors: Beardsley Samantha J , Dostal Isabel , Cole James , Gutierrez Ana , Robson John 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundValproate is a known teratogen. In April 2018, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) restricted its use in women and banned use in pregnancy, except for epilepsy with no other effective treatment. To date, there is limited information on valproate prescribing within primary care.AimTo characterise valproate prescribing to women of childbearing age, recorded advice or GP prescribed contraception, and recorded pregnancies.Design & settingA cross-sectional study of patients from all 141 general practices across three clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in East London.MethodWomen aged 15–44 years prescribed valproate between 1 October 2017 and 1 January 2020 were included. Exclusion criteria were early menopause, sterilisation procedures, or hysterectomy. Pseudonymised data on valproate indication, pregnancy, pre-conception, and contraception advice were retrospectively extracted from general practice consultation data. Data were analysed by quarter using univariate statistics.ResultsOf the total 1 042 463 registered patients, 344 women aged 15–44 years were prescribed valproate during the study period; 14 were excluded. There were 10 pregnancies during possible valproate exposure; one was terminated. During the study period, the number of women prescribed valproate significantly decreased (P = 0.003). The pregnancy rate decreased from 9.9/1000 on valproate before the MHRA April 2018 warning, to an average of 2.8/1000 afterwards. Recorded pre-conception and contraception advice increased by 79%, from 24% to 43%, of women prescribed valproate.ConclusionWith continued pregnancies in women aged 15–44 years prescribed valproate, patient education and foetal outcomes remain ongoing concerns. Further improvements are needed to ensure women make informed reproductive choices and safeguard future pregnancies from valproate exposure.
Sabão artesanal no espaço escolar como ferramenta de sensibilização ambiental
Authors: Lopes Marília de Oliveira , Pimenta Daniel Sales , Conde Bruno Esteves 
Published: February 2021

Problemas ambientais e suas consequências estão interligados e influenciam todas as esferas do meio biológico e do nosso cotidiano, sendo um dos assuntos mais abordados dentro da disciplina de Biologia em que o uso de novas abordagem na maneira de trabalhar Educação Ambiental é justificável, pois é assunto urgente e necessário devido a degradação ambiental que o planeta vem sofrendo. Muito mais do que ensinar conceitos, é preciso tornar o aluno um participante efetivo e ativo na prática de conservação do meio ambiente. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo avaliou o engajamento de alunos do Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, sobre a problemática ambiental, a partir da vivência prática na produção de sabão reciclado de óleo de cozinha usado, em que os alunos foram os protagonistas de cada etapa da sequência didática, inclusive na coleta do óleo, que rendeu uma enorme quantidade de produto arrecadado. A metodologia contou com uma sequência didática desenvolvida no decorrer do ano letivo, contando ainda com palestras, pesquisas, produção de material expositivo e aplicação de questionário. Este último, sendo aplicado antes e após as intervenções, permitindo verificação quantitativa com respostas comparadas através de análise estatística. Foi possível constatar como positiva a participação dos alunos, observando-se uma postura diferenciada destes diante do objeto de estudo, interesse durante palestras de sensibilização e pensamento crítico perante as descobertas dos impactos negativos do homem no ambiente natural, reforçando a potencialidade desse método para aumentar a sensibilização ambiental nos adolescentes, bem como reforçar o propósito da escola de educar para a cidadania. A proposta mostrou-se uma alternativa viável, adaptável ao cronograma escolar e de amplo alcance. Concluindo-se, ainda, que a sequência didática utilizada é passível de ser replicada em outras escolas.
Ipsilateral Ophthalmic Artery Stenosis in Amaurosis Fugax: A Case Report
Authors: Agustiawan Referano , Iskandar Ferdy , Mokoagow Muhammad Ikhsan , Kanovnegara Kanisius , Hendrik Firman 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Amaurosis fugax is caused by an abrupt reduction of blood flow to the retina. Determining the etiology of amaurosis fugax should ensure proper management.
Case Report: A 47-year-old female patient who had the first episode of amaurosis fugax in her right eye was referred to our hospital. The amaurosis fugax resolved spontaneously, however, we found a 3 mm long stenosis at her right ophthalmic artery during magnetic resonance angiography. She had clinical histories of untreated hypertension and dyslipidemia. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) was suspected and unfractionated heparin, aspirin, antihypertensive agent, and statin were given. Treatments were maintained, the symptoms had not recurred in the following 6 months after the event.
Discussion: Stenosis of the ophthalmic artery is very rare. It occurs in approximately 2% of patient suffering from amaurosis fugax. In our case, stenosis of the right ophthalmic artery due to thromboembolism might cause retinal ischemia leading to a transient visual loss.
Conclusion: This case suggests stenosis of ophthalmic artery as the cause of amaurosis fugax.
Keywords: amaurosis fugax, ipsilateral, ophthalmic artery, stenosis
LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, SINGLE SPOT 532-nm vs MULTISPOT 577-nm: VERY SHORT TERM CLINICAL EFFICACY
Authors: Valera-Cornejo Diego , Quiroz-Mendoza Jaime , Arias-Gomez Alejandro , Garcia-Roa Marlon , Ramirez-Neria Paulina , Romero-Morales Veronica , Villalpando-Gomez Yolanda , Garcia-Franco Renata 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to compare clinical efficacy of retinal laser photocoagulation using a 577-nm multi-spot laser with pulses of 20 ms versus conventional 532-nm single-spot laser treatment with pulses of 100 ms, on the same patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) during 6-weeks follow-up.
We included 46 eyes of patients treated at the retina service of the Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico. Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) was performed on one eye (Group 1) using multi-spot PRP with the EasyRet® 577 diode laser (Quantel Medical, Cournon d’Auvergne, France). On the other eye (Group 2), laser treatment was performed by the conventional single spot method using the Oculight SL® 532 diode laser (IRIDEX Corporation, Mountain View, CA, The USA). The primary endpoint was absence of signs in which the disease was considered active at 6 weeks and the secondary outcomes included laser parameters, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) at baseline, and 6 weeks and results of subjective pain analysis.
There was no significant difference between both treatment groups regarding age, gender, BCVA or CMT at baseline. At 6 weeks, PDR activity was similar between the groups (47.8 % versus 56.5%; p =0.55). No significant difference in CMT and BCVA was observed between the groups throughout the study period. Patient-reported pain scores were similar between the groups (5.0 versus 5.8; p = 0.30). However, total time of procedure was significantly shorter in group 1 (12.9 minutes [min] versus 22.3 min; p < 0.001). No major adverse events were identified
We concluded that laser photocoagulation of the retina with the use of the multi-spot technology in patients with PDR has similar short-term efficacy to that of conventional single spot retinal photocoagulation. The multi-spot laser required less time to complete the procedure with more spots delivered to compensate its lower fluency, showing similar patient tolerance.
Pengaruh Metode Suku Kata Mengunakan Media Kartu Huruf terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas I SD Muhammadiyah Majaran Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Havisa Shalatsi , Solehun Solehun , Putra Teguh Yuliandri 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh medote suku kata menggunakan media kartu huruf terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SD Muhammadiyah Majaran Kabupaten Sorong. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain Pre-Exsperimental Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SD Muhammadiyah majaran Kabupaten Sorong dengan sampel kelas I yang berjumlah 14 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah lembar observasi siswa, RPP, instrument kemampuan membaca dan media kartu huruf. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian selanjutnya diuji normalitas sebagai uji prasyarat untuk melakukan uji hipotesis.Uji hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu N-Gain dan One Sampel t-Test. Hasil uji realibilitas soal pre test diperoleh Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0.617 dan uji realibilitas soal post test sebesar 0,647. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre test 58,93 dan nilai post test 80,86. Dari perhitungan One Sampel t-test diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 4,637 >2,160 Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode suku kata menggunakan media kartu huruf memberi pengaruh terhadap kemampuan membaca siswa dimana kemampuan membaca siswa menjadi meningkat.
Phytodiversity (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes) in Lamberi forest range, Rajouri, J&K, India
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Raina Anil K. , Sharma Sachin 
Published: February 2021

The present study has been carried to assess phytodiversity in the Lamberi Forest Range of Rajouri, J&K, India. A total of 222 species of angiosperms (217), gymnosperm (1) and pteridophytes (4 ) belonging to 80 families and 167 genera has been recorded. Among angiosperms, dicots have been represented by 203 species distributed in 152 genera and 69 families while the monocots have been represented by only 14 species distributed in 6 families and 10 genera. Overall, the ratio of family to genus has been worked out to be 1: 2.87, family to species 1: 2.77 while the genus to species has been worked out to be 1: 1.32.The dominant families of the area were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae. Forty families show monotypic representation.
Dynamics of synchronized clinostomatids infections in Cichlids
Authors: P.C. Echi , F. O Iyaji , V. C Ejere , S. J Abuh 
Published: February 2021

Histopathology of fish in a concomitant infection of three different species of clinostomatid metacercariae: Clinostomum tilapiae, Clinostomum complanatum, and Euclinostomum heterostomum has become necessary due to its want of knowledge. Description of enormous debilitating skin damages, occasional deaths, unilateral exophthalmus, and degeneration of skin, myositis, haemorrhages, eosinophils, necrosis and economic destruction of Tilapia zillii values by these metacercariae were studied. These parasites dry body weights (mg); C. complanatum (0.0071 ± 0.0023b) and E. heterostomum (0.0067 ± 0.0023b) did not show any significant difference (P < 0.05 %), whereas C. complanatum and E. heterostomum showed significant difference with C. tilapiae (0.0050 ± 0.0015a). The effects of hydrological regime showed that reduced rains (153.54 ± 109.42 cm3) and floodplain influenced the occurrence of these digenean parasites which peaked during dry season months (Nov 2007 – March 2008) when the habitat contracted.
Effect of rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides on Thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Thapliyal Somesh , Juyal Vijay , Bhandari Anil 
Published: February 2021

The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic rhizome extract of Curculigo orchioides (MECO) were evaluated against Thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in rats. The MECO at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 21 days and simultaneously administered TAA 100 mg/kg b.w. s.c. 1 h after the respective assigned treatments every 72 h. Serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were estimated along with estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues.
Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Ambient air of Rohtak city, India
Authors: Dalal Poonam , Malik Vinay , Chaudhry Dhruva , Shukla Vineeta 
Published: February 2021

Environmental monitoring of a particular locality is very important because it has become a serious threat to human beings.The levels of benzene, toluene and xylene of Rohtak (one of the districts of Haryana) were monitored by Passive sampling method. The air samples collected from six different sites using thermal desorption tube were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID). Among all the selected sites, levels of benzene were found maximum at petrol pump as compared to the residential site, traffic intersection and industrial area. During winter season the BTX level was higher (Benzene: 4.3, 16.5, 12.2, 7.6, 22.3 and 15.6 µg/m3, Toluene: 16.3, 56.2, 30.9, 40.8, 55.5 and 50.2 µg/m3, Xylene: 6.3, 9.6, 8.5, 8.9, 9.2 and 8.4 µg/m3) as compared to summer (Benzene: 4.0, 12.6, 8.5, 8.8, 12.3 and 10.8 µg/m3, Toluene: 38.2, 53.1, 39.8, 42.6, 49.6 and 47.2 µg/m3 xylene: 2.3, 8.4, 6.8, 8.0, 7.5 and 5.4 µg/m3) and monsoon (Benzene: 2.3, 7.2, 5.6, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.4 µg/m3, Toluene: 5.0, 24.0, 14.5, 16.3, 24.8 and 24.6 µg/m3, Xylene: 1.8, 6.6, 4.2, 6.3, 6.6 and 6.4 µg/m3) seasons among all the sites. The levels of toluene were observed three times higher (50.2 µg/m3) than the benzene (15.6 µg/m3). The benzene level at petrol pump, industrial area and traffic intersection were observed higher than the standard values.
Efficacy of NPV (Nucleopolyhedrosis virus) against C.partellus in Maize crop
Authors: Sinha Mrityunjay Kumar , Mohan M. 
Published: February 2021

Indiscriminate use of pesticides for the past 40 years has almost eliminated natural enemies from many crop ecosystems. An experiment has been carried out in the laboratory to determine the efficacy of NPV (Nucleopolyhedrosis virus) against C.partellus in the stalk borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) pest management during 2004-2006. The C. partellus larvae were found maximum infection at 400-500 ppm concentration and the mortality were observed 80 to 90%.
VVV CL001: Likely the Most Metal-poor Surviving Globular Cluster in the Inner Galaxy
Authors: Fernández-Trincado José G. , Minniti Dante , Souza Stefano O. , Beers Timothy C. , Geisler Doug , Bidin Christian Moni , Villanova Sandro , Majewski Steven R. , Barbuy Beatriz , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Henao Lady , Romero-Colmenares María , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Lane Richard R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the first high-resolution abundance analysis of the globular cluster VVV CL001, which resides in a region dominated by high interstellar reddening toward the Galactic bulge. Using H-band spectra acquired by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment, we identified two potential members of the cluster, and estimated from their Fe i lines that the cluster has an average metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.45 with an uncertainty due to systematics of 0.24 dex. We find that the light-(N), α-(O, Mg, Si), and Odd-Z (Al) elemental abundances of the stars in VVV CL001 follow the same trend as other Galactic metal-poor globular clusters. This makes VVV CL001 possibly the most metal-poor globular cluster identified so far within the Sun’s galactocentric distance and likely one of the most metal-deficient clusters in the Galaxy after ESO280-SC06. Applying statistical isochrone fitting, we derive self-consistent age, distance, and reddening values, yielding an estimated age of

11.9

−
4.05

+
3.12

Gyr at a distance of

8.22

−
1.93

+
1.84

kpc, revealing that VVV CL001 is also an old GC in the inner Galaxy. The Galactic orbit of VVV CL001 indicates that this cluster lies on a halo-like orbit that appears to be highly eccentric. Both chemistry and dynamics support the hypothesis that VVV CL001 could be an ancient fossil relic left behind by a massive merger event during the early evolution of the Galaxy, likely associated with either the Sequoia or the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage structures.
Prêmio Fundação Banco do Brasil de Tecnologia Social: um resgate histórico
Authors: Frata Kelly Regina , Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia , Ikegami Fabíola Cristina de Lima 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo, faz um resgate histórico sobre a construção do conceito e a caracterização da Tecnologia Social no Brasil, tendo como foco principal, uma análise da instituição do Prêmio Fundação Banco do Brasil de Tecnologia Social, e do formato que o Prêmio vem adquirindo ao longo das edições, e suas perspectivas. Numa abordagem qualitativa, através de uma pesquisa documental de cunho descritivo, com base em materiais científicos, e uma análise documental, dos nove editais que regulamentam o prêmio e ainda com informações complementares, coletadas através de um questionário, junto a um colaborador da Fundação Banco do Brasil, foi possível verificar que os regulamentos sofreram alterações: que por vezes foram de ordem técnica, por outras de adequação às demandas sociais, ou ainda para atender a legislação vigente. Constatou-se também que o Prêmio está consolidado no cenário brasileiro e se tornou uma referência na certificação, na premiação e na difusão das Tecnologias Sociais.
Nota técnica: a resposta rápida da ciência brasileira ao COVID-19 a partir do estudo de arboviroses
Authors: Sica de Campos André , Pamplona da Costa Janaina , Cintra Paulo Roberto , Greco Liz Felix 
Published: February 2021

A Pandemia do Coronavírus-19 (COVID-19) determinou a busca para sua contenção e cura a partir da mobilização da comunidade científica brasileira. Assim, este artigo objetiva observar o perfil de resposta rápida desta comunidade à COVID-19 no período de janeiro até abril de 2020. Para tal, examinaram-se as publicações científicas indexadas na Web of Science relacionadas à COVID-19 neste período. Os resultados indicaram uma relação entre tais publicações e produções anteriores na temática das arboviroses (e.g. dengue). Identificou-se uma pronta resposta da comunidade científica brasileira ao desafio da COVID-19, marcadamente por parte de grupos internacionalizados e que já eram ativos na temática das arboviroses. Ressalta-se assim a importância do financiamento público estatal para a criação de uma base de conhecimento nacional com capacidade de articulação internacional.
Inégalités économiques entre générations en France
Authors: Masson André 
Published: February 2021

La crise sanitaire est et sera lourde de conséquences, notamment pour les personnes âgées qui sont les principales victimes de la Covid-19, et pour les jeunes, qu’ils poursuivent leurs études ou soient à la recherche d’un emploi. Mais si les seniors (60 ans ou plus) ont, jusqu’à présent, vu leur niveau de vie sauvegardé, en revanche, le sort des plus jeunes semble fort compromis par la crise. Forment-ils une génération sacrifiée ? Anticipant l’essor des inégalités entre générations, la revue Futuribles consacre un dossier spécial auxdites inégalités et à l’évolution des relations, plus ou moins conflictuelles ou de solidarité, entre les générations. Le texte d’André Masson dresse ici un constat selon lequel les inégalités économiques entre générations se creuseraient dangereusement. Dans un deuxième article à paraître dans le numéro de mai-juin de Futuribles , il brossera un panorama des solutions possibles, notamment pour renforcer les solidarités entre les personnes âgées et les plus jeunes, en d’autres termes investir dans l’avenir. H.J.
Scepticisme et Dieu trompeur : les contextes mersenniens
Authors: Buccolini Claudio 
Published: February 2021

En rédigeant, à partir des arguments des savants et des amateurs avec qui il était en relation, les Objectiones IIae et VIae aux Meditationes , Mersenne ne pose aucune question concernant le « scepticisme », ni ne voit, dans le doute hyperbolique et dans l’argument du Dieu trompeur, des thèses capables de renouveler ou radicaliser des arguments sceptiques : il n’y a pas, pour Mersenne, de « Descartes sceptique malgré lui ». Nous essayons de tracer quelques étapes du parcours des réflexions de Mersenne autour de ces deux axes thématiques, Dieu trompeur et scepticisme, à partir des années 1620, avec la Vérité des sciences (1625) et la deuxième partie, restée inédite, des Quaestiones in Genesim , et dans les années 1630, avec les Harmonicorum Libri et l’ Harmonie universelle de 1636-1637, pour comprendre pourquoi, en 1641, Mersenne, sans aucune référence au scepticisme, pouvait considérer le problème du Dieu trompeur comme problème essentiellement exégétique qu’il proposait à Descartes en théologien, non « in persona impiorum ». Notre contribution vise à distinguer les sources et le contexte des problèmes discutés par Mersenne, du contexte et des – possibles – sources de Descartes.
Des dynamiques territoriales d’innovation aux dynamiques territoriales de valuation
Authors: Jeannerat Hugues 
Published: February 2021

Cet article expose les dilemmes conceptuels posés par l’évolution de l’industrie horlogère suisse des quinze dernières années vis-à-vis des modèles territoriaux d’innovation existants. L’argument mis en avant est que ces modèles permettent de comprendre comment les dynamiques territoriales sont à la base du changement économique mais pas comment la valeur économique de ce changement se construit territorialement. Sur la base de différentes théories socio-économiques des marchés et d’illustrations empiriques du cas de l’horlogerie suisse, l’article propose une approche relationnelle, institutionnelle et transactionnelle de la valeur. Le concept de « valuation » est introduit comme cadre d’interprétation des dynamiques territoriales d’innovation contemporaines. Ces dynamiques ne se résument pas à la capacité d’un système d’innovation local à produire différemment de la concurrence. Elles impliquent également la capacité de ce système à s’insérer dans des réseaux multi-locaux de co-production et de consommation. Classification JEL : O31, O32, O33, R11
A Three-Pass Electrofishing Removal Strategy Is Not Effective for Eradication of Prussian Carp in a North American Stream Network
Authors: Card Jamie T. , Hasler Caleb T. , Ruppert Jonathan L.W. , Donadt Caitlyn , Poesch Mark S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrussian Carp Carassius gibelio, also referred to as Gibel Carp, is a destructive aquatic invasive species, recently found in Alberta, Canada. Three-pass electrofishing is a potential approach to control some aquatic invasive fish species in stream habitats. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the efficacy of this strategy to control Prussian Carp in connected streams and 2) assess whether population size or the distance to the introduction site would influence removal success. We sampled sites by using electrofishing in tributaries of the Red Deer River in both the summer and fall and detected Prussian Carp at all sites before removal, with &gt;90% probability of detection of this species within the first 120 m of electroshocking efforts. Overall, we were not successful at removing Prussian Carp from the sample sites, and we found that abundances of Prussian Carp were significantly higher postremoval. Removal success related significantly to distance to the introduction site, suggesting that removal may be useful in targeted situations close to the edge of the invasion front.