bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High chromosomal mobility of rDNA clusters in holocentric chromosomes of Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease (Hemiptera‐Reduviidae)
Authors: Pita S. , Lorite P. , Cuadrado A. , Panzera Y. , De Oliveira J. , Alevi K. C. C. , Rosa J. A. , Freitas S. P. C. , Gómez‐Palacio A. , Solari A. , Monroy C. , Dorn P. L. , Cabrera‐Bravo M. , Panzera F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera‐Reduviidae) includes more than 150 blood‐sucking species, potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. A distinctive cytogenetic characteristic of this group is the presence of extremely stable chromosome numbers. Unexpectedly, the analyses of the chromosomal location of ribosomal gene clusters and other repetitive sequences place Triatominae as a significantly diverse hemipteran subfamily. Here, we advance the understanding of Triatominae chromosomal evolution through the analysis of the 45S rDNA cluster chromosomal location in 92 Triatominae species. We found the 45S rDNA clusters in one to four loci per haploid genome with different chromosomal patterns: On one or two autosomes, on one, two or three sex chromosomes, on the X chromosome plus one to three autosomes. The movement of 45S rDNA clusters is discussed in an evolutionary context. Our results illustrate that rDNA mobility has been relatively common in the past and in recent evolutionary history of the group. The high frequency of rDNA patterns involving autosomes and sex chromosomes among closely related species could affect genetic recombination and the viability of hybrid populations, which suggests that the mobility of rDNA clusters could be a driver of species diversification.
Imperfect measures of dynamic identities: The changing impact of ethnolinguistic characteristics on political attitudes in Ukraine
Authors: Kulyk Volodymyr , Hale Henry E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the changing relevance of ethnolinguistic characteristics as predictors of political attitudes in Ukraine, drawing on surveys conducted before and after the Euromaidan revolution and Russian aggression. We argue that the usefulness of certain characteristics as measures of ethnic identity reflects their cognitive and social usefulness for the population, necessarily influenced by prevalent discourses and power relations. Our analysis focuses on the changing impact of ethnic categories on political attitudes in response to changes in social context which affect widespread perceptions of these categories among the population. We distinguish between two types of social interaction that are likely to activate ethnic identity and make it more useful for individuals' social navigation: internal differentiation and external delimitation. We hypothesize that the former type increases the relevance of ethno‐linguistic categorization while the latter facilitates ethno‐national identification. Of particular importance are two types of contextual change: International conflicts can contribute to the priority of external delimitation and, therefore, the activation of national identity, while domestic conflicts or crises can accentuate the need for internal differentiation and thus the usefulness of ethnolinguistic identity. Our analysis detects such change for certain categories of ethnic identity in Ukraine.
Reversal of the effects of focal suppression on pharyngeal corticobulbar tracts by chemesthesis coupled with repeated swallowing
Authors: Michou Emilia , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports suggested the potential benefit of chemesthesis in the form of carbonated water (CW) integrated within dysphagia rehabilitation protocols. Here, we examined the effects of CW within a repeated swallowing protocol following focal suppression to pharyngeal cortical representation as a prelude to its application in dysphagic patients.MethodsFourteen healthy volunteers participated in a 3‐arm study. Each participant underwent baseline corticobulbar pharyngeal and thenar motor‐evoked potential (MEP) measurements with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Subjects were then conditioned with 1Hz repetitive (r)TMS to induce focal unilateral suppression of the corticopharyngeal hotspot before randomization to each of three arms with 40 swallows of CW, non‐CW and saliva swallowing on separate days. Corticobulbar and thenar MEPs were collected for up to 1 h and analyzed using repeated measures (rm)ANOVA.ResultsA 2‐way rmANOVA for Intervention x Time showed a significant effect of Intervention (F(1,13) = 7.519, p = 0.017) in both ipsi‐ and contra‐lesional corticopharyngeal projections. Carbonation showed superiority in facilitating change by increasing pharyngeal cortical MEPs compared to non‐CW (z = −3.05, p = 0.002) and saliva swallowing (z = −2.6, p = 0.008). No change in thenar representation (control) was observed nor in MEP latencies from both pharyngeal and thenar musculature.ConclusionsWe conclude that interventional paradigms with CW have the capacity to reverse the effects of a focal suppression with 1Hz rTMS more strongly than non‐CW or saliva swallowing alone, producing site specific bi‐hemispheric changes in corticopharyngeal excitability. Our data suggest that carbonation produces the effects through a mainly cortical mechanism.
Does coexisting accommodative dysfunction impact clinical convergence measures, symptoms and treatment success for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children?
Authors: Kulp Marjean T , Sinnott Loraine T , Cotter Susan A , Borsting Eric , Toole Andrew J , Chen Angela M , Jenewein Erin C , Morrison Ann M , Plaumann Maureen D , Jones‐Jordan Lisa , Mitchell G Lynn , Tea Yin C , Scheiman Mitchell M ,   The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Investigator Group,   The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention, Reading Trial (CITT‐ART) Investigator Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether coexisting accommodative dysfunction in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) impacts presenting clinical convergence measures, symptoms and treatment success for CI.MethodsSecondary data analyses of monocular accommodative amplitude (AA; push‐up method), monocular accommodative facility (AF; ±2.00 D lens flippers) and symptoms (CI Symptom Survey [CISS]) in children with symptomatic CI from the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (N = 218) and CITT‐Attention and Reading Trial (N = 302) were conducted. Decreased AA was defined as more than 2D below the minimum expected amplitude for age (15 – ¼ age); those with AA < 5 D were excluded. Decreased AF was defined as <6 cycles per minute. Mean near point of convergence (NPC), near positive fusional vergence (PFV) and symptoms (CISS) were compared between those with and without accommodative dysfunction using analysis of variance and independent samples t‐testing. Logistic regression was used to compare the effect of baseline accommodative function on treatment success [defined using a composite of improvements in: (1) clinical convergence measures and symptoms (NPC, PFV and CISS scores) or (2) solely convergence measures (NPC and PFV)].ResultsAccommodative dysfunction was common in children with symptomatic CI (55% had decreased AA; 34% had decreased AF). NPC was significantly worse in those with decreased AA (mean difference = 6.1 cm; p < 0.001). Mean baseline CISS scores were slightly worse in children with coexisting accommodative dysfunction (decreased AA or AF) (30.2 points) than those with normal accommodation (26.9 points) (mean difference = 3.3 points; p < 0.001). Neither baseline accommodative function (p ≥ 0.12 for all) nor interaction of baseline accommodative function and treatment (p ≥ 0.50) were related to treatment success based on the two composite outcomes.ConclusionsA coexisting accommodative dysfunction in children with symptomatic CI is associated with worse NPC, but it does not impact the severity of symptoms in a clinically meaningful way. Concurrent accommodative dysfunction does not impact treatment response for CI.
Lead extraction of an unintentional pacemaker lead implantation in the left ventricle from the left subclavian artery
Authors: Strubé Camille , Domain Guillaume , Dognin Nicolas , Dagenais François , Plourde Benoit , Jacques Frédéric , Gilbert Philippe , Steinberg Christian , Philippon François 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Inadvertent implantation from the subclavian/axillary arteries is uncommon and has been rarely reported. Complications are frequent, mainly driven by thromboembolic events. Lead extraction, depending on the dwell time may be challenging and associated with thromboembolic events Case Report: We report the case of an 87‐year‐old man who had involuntarily pacemaker lead implanted into the left ventricle through the left subclavian artery. An extraction procedure was performed with surgical dissection to the artery and simple traction of the probe without complication. Conclusion: Percutaneous lead extraction using surgical dissection is a therapeutic option for less than one year old left ventricle inadvertent lead implantation.
Reflections on a complex intervention targeting healthy eating in young children
Authors: Holmberg Fagerlund Bettina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the author offers her experiences of conducting a public health nursing intervention based on the use of the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions. This article provides examples aimed at helping and inspiring others who might be interested in conducting a complex intervention study. The intervention focused on counseling about food and feeding practices provided by public health nurses in a sample of child health centers in Norway 2015–2018. Aspects of food and nutrition are central to public health nurses’ counseling at the child health center, and they experience challenges when counseling on these themes. This article offers an approach to handling the complexity of public health nursing interventions on counseling among families. The topics presented on planning and performing an intervention and the related challenges might have relevance for public health nursing in several countries.
Managing dissonance: Bureaucratic justice and public procurement
Authors: Craven Richard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article puts forward an analytical framework for understanding administrative justice. It does so by reading a leading approach, Jerry Mashaw's administrative justice models, in conjunction with the pragmatic sociology of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, and their orders of worth framework. This provides an enhanced framework, which, while remaining consistent with Mashaw, offers additional insights and is particularly suitable for analyzing decisionmaking environments in the modern contracting state. The article illustrates the workings of the new framework by looking at a controversy under UK and EU law concerning the inclusion of labor objectives in public procurement. The discussion reveals a decisionmaking environment characterized by system dissonance. Actors must navigate different sets of tensions and tradeoffs between competing normative and ethical visions for procurement decisionmaking.
Drawing Perspectives Together: What Happens When Researchers Draw with Children?
Authors: Spray Julie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReflecting on drawing together, a methodological intervention I developed through two child‐centered ethnographic projects, I explore what happens when researchers draw together with children. While anthropologists of childhood have called for critical attention to the use of child‐friendly participatory methods such as drawing, few have considered how researchers participate in these methods. Yet drawing is embedded with value‐laden cultural notions of age and social status. Soliciting children’s drawings for research is therefore a social act that produces identities and relationalities. I argue that researchers must make the nature of their participation a methodological choice rather than an unexamined default.
On the Extrapolation of Rim Sealing Performance From Test Bench to Real Engine: A Numerical Survey
Authors: Da Soghe Riccardo , Bianchini Cosimo , Mazzei Lorenzo , Bonini Alessio , Innocenti Luca , Di Benedetto Daniele , Orsini Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main annulus hot gas ingress into turbine wheel-spaces is still one of the most challenging problems designers face. During the decades, several experimental test benches were developed worldwide to improve the knowledge associated with the rim seal flow physics. Even if in some cases quite complex and advanced rig configurations were proposed, limitations in the operating conditions and in the reproduction of the real engine geometries/characteristics into the rig are present. In this paper, validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations are used to explore the impact of some experimental rigs design choices/limitations on the sealing effectiveness prediction and their ability to mimic the real engine configuration behavior. Attention is paid on several test rig-related aspects such as operating conditions, flow path configuration (blade and vane count), and accuracy in the real engine rim seal geometry reconstruction applied to the rig. From the computations, it emerges that a scaled geometry operated at lab conditions is able to mimic pretty well the real engine sealing performance when rig and engine experience the same flow path ΔCp. The ability of the rig to match the engine data is not affected by the differences in main annulus Mach number between test bench and engine. A further result that emerges from the computation regards the fact that the Φ0 − ΔCp0.5 curve is not linear, proving that the linear extrapolation of rim sealing performance from test bench to real engine when rig and engine are characterized by different ΔCp0.5 values is not of general application and an alternative approach is given. Finally, it is found that the impact of vane count on the rim sealing effectiveness is significant, making the extrapolation of data from rig to engine difficult.
Multirow Adjoint-Based Optimization of NICFD Turbomachinery Using a Computer-Aided Design-Based Parametrization
Authors: Agromayor Roberto , Anand Nitish , Pini Matteo , Nord Lars O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, most of the adjoint-based design systems documented in the open literature assume that the fluid behaves as an ideal gas, are restricted to the optimization of a single row of blades, or are not suited to impose geometric constraints. In response to these limitations, this paper presents a gradient-based shape optimization framework for the aerodynamic design of turbomachinery blades operating under nonideal thermodynamic conditions. The proposed design system supports the optimization of multiple blade rows, and it integrates a computer-aided design (CAD)-based parametrization with a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) flow solver and its discrete adjoint counterpart. The capabilities of the method were demonstrated by performing the design optimization of a single-stage axial turbine that employs isobutane (R600a) as working fluid. Notably, the aerodynamic optimization respected the minimum thickness constraint at the trailing edge of the stator and rotor blades and reduced the entropy generation within the turbine by 36%, relative to the baseline, which corresponds to a total-to-total isentropic efficiency increase of about 4 percentage points. The analysis of the flow field revealed that the performance improvement was achieved due to the reduction of the wake intensity downstream of the blades and the elimination of a shock-induced separation bubble at the suction side of the stator cascade.
Reduced Smooth Muscle Contractile Capacity Facilitates Maladaptive Arterial Remodeling
Authors: Eberth John F. , Humphrey Jay D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Albeit seldom considered explicitly, the vasoactive state of a central artery can contribute to luminal control and thereby affect the in vivo values of flow-induced wall shear stress and pressure-induced intramural stress, which in turn are strong determinants of wall growth and remodeling. Here, we test the hypothesis that diminished vasoactive capacity compromises effective mechano-adaptations of central arteries. Toward this end, we use consistent methods to re-interpret published data on common carotid artery remodeling in a nonpharmacologic mouse model of induced hypertension and a model of connective tissue disorder that results in Marfan syndrome. The mice have identical genetic backgrounds and, in both cases, the data are consistent with the hypothesis considered. In particular, carotid arteries with strong (normal) vasoactive capacity tend to maintain wall thickness and in vivo axial stretch closer to homeostatic, thus resulting in passive circumferential wall stress and energy storage close to normal. We conclude that effective vasoactivity helps to control the biomechanical state in which the cells and matrix turnover, thus helping to delineate mechano-adaptive from maladaptive remodeling. Future analyses of experimental data and computational models of growth and remodeling should account for this strong coupling between smooth muscle contractile capacity and central arterial remodeling.
Reconstruction of Flight Parameters of a Bat for Flapping Robots
Authors: Singh Sudeep Kumar , Zhang Li-Biao , Zhao Jing-Shan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The flight of bats is comparatively less documented and understood than birds and insects and may provide novel inspiration for the design of flapping flight robots. This study captured the natural flight of short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx) by an optical motion capture system, “OptiTrack”, with pasted markers on the wings and body to reconstruct the flight parameters. Due to the self-occlusion at some moments, points on the membrane wings cannot be captured by any cameras. To draw a smooth trajectory, it is desired to reconstruct all missing data. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed by using numerical techniques, accompanied by modern mathematical and computational tools, to envisage the missing data from the captured flight. The least-square fitted polynomial engendered the parameter equations for x-, y-, and z-coordinates of marked points which were used to reconstruct the trajectory of the flight. The parameter equations of position coordinates were also used to compute the morphological and aerodynamic characteristics of the flight. The most outstanding contribution of the work is that not only the trajectory, velocity, and velocity field but also the morphing areas of the membrane wings were recreated using the reconstructed data. These data and reconstructed curves of trajectory and velocity field will be used for the further aerodynamic analysis and mechanism design of the flapping robot. This method can also be generalized to reconstruct the performance parameters of any other animals for bionic design.
Numerical Investigations Into the Local Behavior of Condensing R134a Flows in a Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Juggurnath D. , Elahee M. K. , Khoodaruth A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The local characteristics and behavior of condensing R134a flows in a horizontal pipe, at mass fluxes of 100, 200, and 400 kg m−2 s−1, saturation temperature of 40 °C, and mean vapor qualities of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, are investigated numerically. The local results demonstrate an increase in condensate film thickness from a particular angular position, which is influenced by the vapor quality of the flow to the bottom of the pipe. The heat transfer coefficient decreases around the pipe circumference from the top to the bottom of the pipe. The results indicate the existence of a particular angular position where the film thickness and the heat transfer coefficient change significantly due to the stratified condensate layer. Furthermore, the velocity profiles of the condensing flows are noted to be asymmetrical due to the stratified condensate layer at the bottom of the pipe. The mean flow velocity and the heat transfer coefficient decrease along the condensation length. The local results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient is not merely affected by the condensate film thickness but also by the effective thermal conductivity of the flow. The findings demonstrate the capacity of local measurements in capturing fine features of condensing flows.
Development of a pO2-Guided Fine Needle Tumor Biopsy Device
Authors: McDonald Robert C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tumor biopsies are an important aspect of oncology providing a guide for medical treatment and evaluation of disease progression. Highly heterogenous tumors have complex regions of active cancer cells interdigitated with necrotic tissue and healthy noncancerous tissue. The reliable access to tumor tissue pathology is therefore challenging and usually requires multiple needle insertions with accompanying patient discomfort and risk of infection. Oxygen levels provide a means of detecting and evaluating tumor tissue with levels reduced by 2-fold to 22-fold, depending on the type of organ. However, if the biopsy needle is placed in an area of normal tissue, there is always a chance that no diagnostic cells will be acquired for meaningful pathology and molecular analysis. While not the case in all tumors, there are cases where the in vivo oxygen levels differ with tumor cells having a value of pO2 lying between the anoxic necrotic tissue and normoxic normal tissue. The level of oxygen in tumor cells can also vary with time as related to complex biochemical pathways. The efficacy of radiation therapy is also sensitive to oxygen levels in tumors. Lower levels of oxygen present greater resistance to treatment. To address these concerns, a pO2-guided biopsy needle (OGBN) was developed to determine oxygen levels and fluctuations in highly resolved regions of tumors, in order to aide in determining the optimal region for cell sampling help in determining medical treatment options.
Effect of Leaflet Type and Leaflet-Stent Attachment Height on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Leaflet Thrombosis Potential
Authors: Ncho Beatrice E. , Siefert Andrew W. , Sadri Vahid , Ortner Jillian , Yoganathan Ajit P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement devices vary in leaflet material and in the height for which leaflets attach to the stented valve frame. Combinations of these features can influence leaflet dynamics, neo-sinus geometries, and fluid dynamics, thereby reducing or exacerbating the potential for blood flow stasis and leaflet thrombosis. To investigate these interconnected relationships, this study evaluated the effects of transcatheter valve leaflet type [porcine versus bovine pericardium] and the leaflet-stent attachment height (low, mid, and high) on flow stasis and potential for leaflet thrombosis. Transcatheter valve models were manufactured and tested within an aortic simulator under pulsatile left heart hemodynamic conditions. Transvalvular hemodynamics, leaflet kinematics, and flow structures were evaluated by direct measurement, high-speed imaging, and two differing techniques of particle image velocimetry. Transcatheter valves with porcine pericardial leaflets were observed to be less stiff, exhibit a lesser resistance to flow, were associated with reduced regions of neo-sinus flow stasis, and superior sinus washout times. More elevated attachments of the leaflets were associated with less neo-sinus flow stasis. These initial results and observations suggest combinations of leaflet type and stent attachment height may reduce transcatheter aortic valve flow stasis and the potential for leaflet thrombosis.