bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Melalui Diversi Oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum
Authors: Ramlah Ramlah , Fahmal A Muin , Nuh Muhammad Syarief 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap anak melalui diversi oleh jaksa penuntut umum. Tipe penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, data yang diperoleh penulis dari studi dokumen maupun wawancara dengan pihak yang berkepentingan dalam hal ini pihak Kejaksaan Negeri Makassar, kemudian dilakukan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian implementasi upaya diversi yang dilakukan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum terhadap perkara tindak pidana anak di Kejaksaan Negeri Makassar telah terlaksana dengan baik dari segi prosedural. Pelaksanaan yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak telah sesuai dengan undang-undang sistem peradilan anak serta Peraturan Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia. Namun kenyataannya pada pelaksanaan diversi di Kejaksaan Negeri Makassar seringkali dijumpai anak yang mengulangi tindak pidana sehingga Jaksa Penuntut Umum tidak mengupayakan diversi melainkan melimpahkan berkas perkara pada Pengadilan Negeri Makassar, yang mana telah sesuai dengan unsur-unsur pelaksanaan diversi itu sendiri sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 7 Ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Anak. Faktor yang menghambat terhadap implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap anak melalui diversi oleh jaksa penuntut umum antara lain: substansi hukum, struktur hukum dan budaya hukum.
This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection against children through diversion by the public prosecutor. This type of research is juridical empirical, the data obtained by the author from document studies and interviews with interested parties, in this case the Makassar District Attorney, then carried out a quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research on the implementation of diversion efforts carried out by the public prosecutor on child criminal cases at the Makassar District Prosecutor's Office have been carried out well from a procedural perspective. Implementation carried out by the enforcement apparatus is in accordance with the law on the juvenile justice system and the Attorney General's Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. However, in reality in the implementation of diversion at the Makassar District Prosecutor's Office, there are often children who repeat the crime so that the Public Prosecutor does not seek diversion but instead delegates the case file to the Makassar District Court, which is in accordance with the elements of the diversion implementation itself as regulated in Article 7. Paragraph 2 of Law Number 11 Year 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System. Factors that hinder the implementation of legal protection against children through diversion by the public prosecutor include: legal substance, legal structure and legal culture.
Fungsi Kepolisian Dalam Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Thalib Hambali , Djanggih Hardianto 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan peran kepolisian dalam penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi pengadaan barang dan jasa di wilayah hukum Polres Pelabuhan Makassar. Untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi kepolisian dalam penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi pengadaan barang dan jasa di wilayah Polres Pelabuhan Makassar. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap data dan fakta penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Fungsi kepolisian dalam penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi pengadaan barang dan jasa di wilayah hukum Polres Pelabuhan Makassar terimplementasi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi kepolisian dalam penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi pengadaan barang dan jasa di wilayah Polres Pelabuhan Makassar adalah struktur hukum dan budaya hukum masyarakat.
The aims are: To analyze and explain the role of police corruption investigation procurement of goods and services in the jurisdiction of port resort police makassar; To analyze and explained the factors influencing the police investigation of corruption procurement of goods and services in the port resort police makassar. The result of the research, The police investigation of corruption procurement of goods and services in the jurisdiction of makassar implemented port police; Affects functioning of police in the corruption investigation procurement of goods and services in the makassar port resort police structure culture is law and the laws of society.
Teaching an International Bestseller: Reflections on Encouraging Caring Global Citizenship
Authors: Davidova Evguenia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article discusses an integrative model of gradual scaffolding of curricular and pedagogical strategies, based on the theoretical framework of a “caring global citizenship.” It provides concrete practices for internationalization of general education that could be implemented in a wide variety of institutional settings. Such a model addresses ethnocentrism by expanding students' knowledge and perspectives on societies influenced by American politics, and fosters empathy as both value and skill.
La iconografía de Cristo oculto y la «Fe oscura» de S. Juan de La Cruz.
Authors: Cuesta Garcia de Leonardo Maria Josefa 
Published: March 2021

Al poco de morir Juan de la Cruz, en los inicios del siglo XVII, se intenta su canonización. Para ello se buscan imágenes que aludan al mismo, con carácter milagroso y haciendo referencia a su doctrina. Remitiéndonos a distintos textos, veremos cómo sus seguidores construyen una imagen inédita para materializar un concepto, el de la «Fe oscura», usando el término dado por el creador del mismo, Juan de la Cruz.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
S. Juan de la Cruz, Cristo oculto, Fe oscura, C. Boel, K. Knyf, C. de Mallery, Carmelitas descalzos, Siglos XVI-XVII.
Development of serotonergic innervation of the chick embryo tectum opticum
Authors: Brusco A. , Saavedra J. Pecci , Scicolone G. , Flores V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the development of the serotonergic innervation of the chick tectum opticum as revealed by an immunohistochemical methodology. The development of this innervation was previously described simply as the formation of an irregular network of serotonergic fibers that gradually invades the organ and increases in density.Our results show that the developmental pattern of serotonergic innervation differs significantly through the distinct tectal layers and that it progresses through a characteristic temporospatial pattern related to the lamination process. These findings support the idea that the concept of laminar segregation can be applied to describe the development of the serotonergic innervation. On the other hand, it is clear that the existence of a typical ordered developmental pattern of innervation makes it possible to detect embryonic or post‐hatching alterations. Thus, the tectal serotonergic innervation could be used as a suitable model to investigate possible plastic changes in experimental conditions.
Conventional neuroleptics and rehabilitation in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Colonna L 
Published: July 2002

SummaryNowadays, the rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients is a major issue for psychiatry. Regarding the role of conventional neuroleptics, the following points will be considered in this paper: the role of neuroleptics in the number, length and frequency of hospitalisations; the role of neuroleptics in the number, degree and length of relapses; the clinical effects of neuroleptics focusing particularly on their disinhibitory action, the most controversial and least studied of the clinical effects of these drugs; and the side effects, which have been intensively studied and particularly criticised during these last years, leading to the development of new drugs discussed in the next article. All the published data relating to the psychosocial profile of schizophrenic patients clearly demonstrate the need for further research in order to improve the familial, social and professional rehabilitation of these patients
Anesthesia in pregnant women with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Vigil‐De Gracia P , Silva S , Montufar C , Carrol I , De Los Rios S 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: Our purpose was to determine the types of anesthesia and neurologic or hematologic complications found in pregnancy with HELLP syndrome providing analgesia for cesarean section. Methods: This is a retrospective study. For the period of 1 July 1996, through 30 June 2000, we reviewed the charts of all patients with HELLP syndrome who had cesarean section. Results: During the period of study 119 patients had HELLP syndrome. Eighty‐five patients had cesarean delivery and 34 had vaginal delivery. Seventy‐one patients had diagnosed HELLP syndrome previous to the anesthesia and 14 postcesarean delivery; the range platelet count was 19 000–143 000/μl. Of these 71, 58 had an epidural anesthesia, 9 had general anesthesia and 4 had spinal anesthesia. There were no neurologic complications or bleeding in the epidural space. Conclusion: We found no documentation of any neurologic or hematologic complications of women with HELLP syndrome and neuraxial anesthesia.
Detection of c‐fos expression in benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions
Authors: Weisstein Jason S. , Majeska Robert J. , Klein Michael J. , Einhorn Thomas A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe proto‐oncogene c‐fos has been implicated in the development of both benign and malignant lesions of bone. Although c‐fos expression in such lesions has been well studied in transgenic mouse models, less is known about its role in human musculoskeletal pathology. To clarify this relationship, we used in situ hybridization to localize c‐fos m‐RNA transcripts in 26 fibrous lesions (eight cases of extra‐abdominal fibromatosis and six cases each of fibrous dysplasia, fibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone) as well as six chondrosarcomas and eight conventional high grade osteosarcomas. We found detectable levels of c‐fos expression in tissues from each type of lesion tested. Moreover, all fibrous lesions consistently demonstrated high levels of expression in a majority of cells in each lesion. Chondrosarcomas and osteosarcomas exhibited more heterogeneity in c‐fos expression than fibrous tissues. Three of six chondrosarcomas showed moderate expression of c‐fos while only one of six was considered high. Similarly, only three of eight osteosarcomas had high expression of c‐fos. These findings indicate that the expression of c‐fos may be important in the development of a broad range of fibrous lesions as well as in bone and cartilaginous tumors. Additionally, this is the first report, to our knowledge, of detectable c‐fos m‐RNA in human chondrosarcoma. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Roles of thromboxane A2 and leukotriene B4 in radicular pain induced by herniated nucleus pulposus
Authors: Kawakami Mamoru , Matsumoto Takuji , Tamaki Tetsuya 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBiologically active substances, such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid cascade, are detected in herniated disc samples obtained from patients with lumbar disc herniation. However, little is known concerning the relationships between these substances and clinical symptoms such as radicular pain. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) induces not only potent platelet aggregation, but also blood vessel contraction. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent chemotactic agent, plays a role in inflammatory reactions by recruiting neutrophils and lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of TXA2 and LTB4 in the hyperalgesia induced by application of nucleus pulposus to the lumbar nerve root in the rat. TXA2 synthetase inhibitor and LTB4 receptor antagonist, which were injected into the epidural space, decreased mechanical hyperalgesia at both three and seven days after epidural injection. There were no significant differences in sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli following application of the nucleus pulposus or an epidural injection. Epidural injection of LTB4 receptor antagonist and/or TXA2 synthetase inhibitor may attenuate the painful radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TXA2 and LTB4 may play significant roles in mechanical hyperalgesia induced by autologous nucleus pulposus. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Does the organ of coati attempt to differentiate new hair cells after antibiotic intoxication in rat pups?
Authors: Lenoir Marc , Vago Philippe 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the adult mammalian cochlea, post‐injury hair cell losses are considered to be irreversible. Recent studies in cochlear explants of embryonic rodents show that the organ of Corti can replace lost hair cells after injury. We have investigated this topic in vivo during the period of cochlear development. Rat pups were treated with a daily subcutaneous injection of 500 mg/kg amikacin for eight consecutive days between postnatal day 9 (PND 9) and PND 16. During this period the organ of Corti is not fully mature, but hair cells are hyper‐sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the organs of Corti during the treatment and at different post‐treatment periods, up until PND 90. A massive loss in outer and inner hair cells was observed at least as early as PND 14. A prominent feature in the apical part of cochleas at PND 21 and 35 was the transient presence of small atypical cells in the region of pre‐existing outer hair cells. These atypical cells had tufts of microvilli reminiscent of nascent stereociliary bundles. A second striking observation was the replacement of degenerating inner hair cells by pear‐shaped supporting cells throughout the cochlea. These cells were covered with long microvilli, and their basal pole was contacted by both afferent and efferent fibers, as in the early stages of inner hair cell maturation. At PND 55 and 90, these features were not clearly observed due to further cytological changes in the organ of Corti. It is possible that an attempt at hair cell neodifferentiation could occur in vivo after an amikacin treatment in the rat during the period of cochlear hyper‐sensitivity to antibiotic.
AMPA/kainate receptors modulate the survival in vitro of embryonic brainstem cells
Authors: Bardoul M. , Drian M.J. , König N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study aimed at analyzing the involvement of (RS)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate (AMPA/kainate) receptors in the survival of cultured rat embryonic brainstem cells, dissociated on embryonic day 14. The cell number was estimated after pharmacological manipulation of the receptors by exposure to agonists or antagonists. The developmental stage at the moment of drug application was critical for cell survival. We observed after 8 days in vitro a much stronger decrease in the number of gamma‐enolase‐positive cells when the cultures were treated for 3 days with the antagonist 6,7‐dinitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (DNQX) starting on the day of plating than when DNQX was added after 5 days in vitro. Conversely, exposure to the agonists (RS)‐2‐amino‐3‐(3‐hydroxy‐5‐tri‐fluoromethyl‐4‐isoxazolyl)‐propionic acid (T‐AMPA) or kainate for 3 days significantly reduced cell survival only when the treatment was initiated after 5 days in vitro. Survival of S‐100‐positive cells was not affected after exposure to either agonists or antagonists. Neither agonist nor antagonist treatment modified cell proliferation, as assessed by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, suggesting that the decrease in the number of gamma‐enolase‐positive cells is essentially due to cell death. If some of the processes we observed in vitro correspond to analogous events in vivo, then exposure to excitatory amino acid receptor agonists or antagonists at critical stages of embryogenesis may alter the development of the central nervous system.
Involvement of map kinase in the cyclic amp induction of myelin basic protein gene expression
Authors: Clark Robert , Stewart Mitchell , Miskimins W.Keith 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCyclic AMP is involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell progenitors into mature myelin producing cells. The involvement of MAP kinases in this pathway was investigated in the D6P2T cell line. This cell line can be induced to display a differentiated phenotype characterized by myelin basic protein gene expression by increased cyclic AMP. BlockingMAPkinase activity with inhibitors of the activating kinase, MEK, by expression of a dominant negative MAP kinase or by expression of the MAPkinase inactivating phosphatase Mkp‐1 all blocked the activation of the myelin basic protein promoter in D6P2T cells. In addition, blocking MAP kinase activation during differentiation of an oligodendrocyte‐like cell line, CG4, also leads to inhibition of MBP expression. These findings suggest a role for MAP kinase in the cyclic AMP stimulated expression of the myelin basic protein gene during differentiation.
Effects of prenatal gamma irradiation on the development of the corpus callosum of Swiss mice
Authors: Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Schmidt Sergio Luis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe temporal sequence of events related to the effects of prenatal gamma irradiation on the development of the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex was studied in Swiss mice. Pregnant females on gestational day 16 were exposed to a 60Co source receiving total doses of 2 or 3 Gy. The offspring were analyzed at both prenatal and postnatal days. One day after irradiation, a great number of pyknotic figures was seen along the whole extension of the cerebral wall, especially in the proliferative zones. At perinatal ages, the thickness of the proliferative zones was reduced and the glial sling was never identified. From 5 days after birth onwards, we observed a severe shrinkage of layers II+III and IV. The majority of the irradiated mice were totally acallosal (particularly when the 3 Gy dose was used), but some animals presented callosal remnants. These remnants were identified above the ventral hippocampal commissure, except for two animals in which a larger callosal remnant extended from the columns of the fornix to the dorsal hippocampal commissure. The presence of callosal remnants in animals irradiated with 3 Gy was dependent on the age at which the animals were analyzed since remnants were observed in some animals analyzed at perinatal ages, but never in older animals. Callosal defects can be explained at least by three factors: (1) Death of a great part of callosal neurons located at layer III. (2) Postnatal axonal elimination. (3) Absence of the glial sling. The callosal agenesis in the absence of the glial sling indicates that this structure may play a crucial role in guiding callosal axons. However, the presence of callosal remnants indicates that surviving callosal axons can use structures other than the sling to cross the midplane. Our data indicate that axons of the middle portion of the callosum can cross the midplane using the ventral hippocampal commissure as a guide. Additionally, the dorsal hippocampal commissure may play a role in directing axons of the posterior part of the corpus callosum.
No correlation of serum cholesterol levels with measures of violence in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic disorders
Authors: Steinert T. , Woelfle M. , Gebhardt R.P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEpidemiological studies, animal studies, and clinical studies yielded conflicting results concerning a supposed association between increased risk for suicide and violence, and low serum cholesterol levels. Until now, no data has been available for patients with schizophrenia, a disorder with a well-known increased risk of violence. Correlations of serum cholesterol levels at admission and measures of violence were investigated in 103 consecutively admitted patients (44 males, 59 females) of a general psychiatric admission unit. Seventy subjects were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (ICD-10 F 20, F25), and 33 were diagnosed as suffering from non-psychotic disorders (mainly personality disorders). The level of total exhibited violence during the inpatient treatment period was measured in each patient by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale (SDAS), the Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS), and the Violence Scale (VS). Correlations of all violence measures were high (0.75–0.90), but no correlation was found with cholesterol levels, neither for psychotic nor for non-psychotic subjects, neither for men nor for women. The hypothesis of associations of violence and cholesterol levels is not supported by the data.
Update of ELITE‐II, BEST, CHAMP, and IMPRESS clinical trials in heart failure
Authors: Witte Klaus , Thackray Simon , Banerjee Tumpa , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe ELITE‐II, BEST and CHAMP Trials were reported for the first time at the American Heart Association in November 1999. These trials provide valuable new information to guide clinical practice in the management of heart failure and of myocardial infarction, although none mandate a major change from current clinical practice. The IMPRESS trial of the vasopeptidase inhibitor, omapatrilat, indicated a promising new treatment for the management of heart failure.
Doppler tissue imaging in congestive heart failure patients due to diastolic or systolic dysfunction: a comparison with Doppler echocardiography and the atrio‐ventricular plane displacement technique
Authors: Jarnert Christina , Mejhert Märit , Ring Margareta , Persson Hans , Edner Magnus 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) is an echocardiographic technique by which regional contractility, relaxation properties and time intervals are obtained easily. DTI has been reported to be relatively pre‐load independent and could, in comparison with the commonly used mitral pulse wave Doppler (MPWD) method, be of clinical interest for identification of patients with diastolic dysfunction. The atrio‐ventricular plane displacement (AVPD) method is an established technique to assess left ventricular systolic function.Aims:To determine the pulsed Doppler DTI‐pattern in patients with heart failure and to examine whether it has a similar capacity as MPWD and AVPD to diagnose diastolic dysfunction.Methods:We studied 15 controls without congestive heart failure (CHF), 15 patients with diastolic (EF > 45% + CHF) and 15 patients with systolic (EF < 35% + CHF) left ventricular dysfunction and CHF.Results:The DTI maximal velocities during systole (s), early filling wave (e) and atrial filling wave (a), decrease with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, r = 0.75, r = 0.56 and r = 0.66 (P < 0.001) and regional isovolumetric contraction and intraventricular relaxation time measured by DTI are prolonged, r = 0.59 and r = 0.73, respectively (P < 0.001). The 15 patients with diastolic heart failure were identified by MPWD or DTI but only 11 by AVPD with 8, 10 and 9 false‐positive, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and NS).Conclusions:Regional DTI show a consistent pattern in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Regional DTI has similar accuracy as MPWD in identifying diastolic heart failure patients and is superior to the AVPD technique. DTI may be a useful diagnostic tool in diastolic heart failure patients.