bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The island of Hawaii earthquakes of November 29, 1975: Strong-motion data and damage reconnaissance report
Authors: Rojahn Christopher , Morrill B. J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two earthquakes occurred on the island of Hawaii on November 29, 1975, a magnitude (Ms) 5.7 event at 0335 (local time) and a magnitude (Ms) 7.2 event at 0447. During the larger event, a maximum acceleration of 0.22 g was recorded in the southern part of Hilo, 43 km north of the epicenter. A 0.05 g threshold duration of 13.7 sec was measured for the same component. Smaller amplitude accelerograph records were obtained at two other locations on the island along with four seismoscope records.
During or subsequent to the larger event, a large sector of the southeastern coastline subsided by as much as 3.5 meters. A tsunami generated by the larger event caused at least one death (one person also missing), injury to 28 persons, and significant structural and nonstructural damage.
Only scattered evidence of strong ground shaking was observed in the epicentral area, and most of the several dozen nearby structures sustained little or no structural damage from ground shaking. In Hilo, 45 km north of the Ms = 7.2 epicenter, structural and nonstructural damage was slight to moderate but more extensive than elsewhere on the island.
Earthquake hazard in the Nevada region
Authors: Ryall Alan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The seismic cycle in Nevada, corresponding to the re-rupture time for major faults, is of the order of thousands of years long. Following the occurrence of a large (M &gt; 7) earthquake, aftershock activity in the rupture zone continues for about a century. From earthquakes reported in the meizoseismal zones of the 1915 Pleasant Valley and 1954 Dixie Valley earthquakes, it appears that great Nevada earthquakes are also preceded by a moderate increase in seismicity, lasting several decades. Faults considered to be “active” on geologic grounds are distributed fairly evenly over most of the Nevada region, so that fault mapping alone is not enough for determination of seismic potential. In addition, because of the length of the seismic cycle, the distribution of large historic earthquakes is by itself inadequate for seismic regionalization. A better method for this region may be to spatially correlate epicenter lineups for microearthquakes and small earthquakes with mapped geologic faults or lineaments. A correlation of this type based on earthquakes recorded for the period 1970-1974 suggests that a number of northwest-trending zones in an area of west-central Nevada may have high potential for large earthquakes in the future. On the other hand, high seismicity, complex faulting and scattered epicenter distribution in the seismic “gap” between the 1932 Cedar Mountains and 1872 Owens Valley earthquakes suggests that tectonic stress in this zone may be relieved by a continuous series of small-to-moderate earthquakes.
Biomechanics in dental implants
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Narayanan Ambika 
Published: September 2021

Achieving primary stability in dental implants is crucial factor for accomplishing successful osteointegration with bone. Micro-motions higher than the threshold of 50 to 100 μm can lead to formation of fibrous tissue at the bone-to-implant interface. Therefore, osteointegration may be vitiated due to insufficient primary stability. Osseointegration is defined as a direct and functional connection between the implant biomaterial and the surrounding bone tissue. Osseointegration development requires an initial rigid implant fixation into the bone at the time of surgery and a secondary stage of new bone apposition directly onto the implant surface. Dental implants function to transfer the load to the surrounding biological tissues. Due to the absence of a periodontal ligament, its firm anchorage to bone, various forces acting on it and the presence of prosthetic components, they share a complex biomechanical relationship. The longevity of these osseointegrated implants depend on optimizing these complex interactions. Hence, the knowledge of forces acting on implant, design considerations of implant and bone mechanics is essential to fabricate an optimized implant supported prosthesis.
Fabrication of Calcium Sulfate Coated Selenium Nanoparticles and Corresponding In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects Against 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Faghfuri Elnaz , Ajideh Ramak , Shahverdi Faranak , Hosseini Mina , Mavandadnejad Faranak , Yazdi Mohammad Hossein , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza 
Published: September 2021

Background: The inhibitory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on cancer cells has been reported in many studies. In this study, the purpose was to compare the in vitro effects of SeNPs and calcium sulfate coated selenium nanoparticles (CaSO4@ SeNPs) on breast cancer cells.
Methods: CaSO4@SeNPs and SeNPs were chemically synthesized and characterized with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). By applying MTT assay, the cytotoxicity effect of both nanomaterials on the 4T1 cancer cells was investigated.
Results: While LD50 of SeNPs on 4T1 cancer cells was 80 µg, the LD50 of CaSO4@SeNPs was reported to be only 15 µg. The difference between the inhibition rates obtained for SeNPs and CaSO4@SeNPs was statistically significant (p=0.05). In addition, at higher concentrations (50 µg) of CaSO4@SeNPs, the cytotoxicity was 100% more than SeNPs alone.
Conclusion: According to the result of the present work, it can be concluded that de-coration of SeNPs with calcium sulfate leads to an increase in potency by decreasing the effective dose. This effect can be attributed to activation of intrinsic apoptosis signaling and/or pH regulatory properties of CaSO4@SeNPs. However, further studies are still needed to determine the exact corresponding mechanisms of this synergistic effect.
Is all for a Smile or Creating a Dependency? Analysis of Turkey’s Development Assistance Policy
Authors: KALAYCI Rıdvan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate whether foreign assistance is provided towards the development of the aid-receiving country or it is in line with their national interests by addressing the relationship between Turkey's foreign aid and foreign policy.
Design/Methodology: In the study, Turkey's foreign aid between 2002-2018 was obtained through data published by TIKA and AFAD; foreign trade figures with these countries were obtained through statistics published by TUIK and It was analyzed based on the foreign policy implemented by the AK Party in the light of dependency approach. Hereby an answer was sought to the question of whether a dependency relationship has been established with the aid receiving country.
Findings: As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the aids granted between the years 2002-2018 included both aspects (creating dependency and national interest), but such aid, contrary to what often pointed out in the literature, could not make Turkey a strong actor in this area and Turkey still has a limited capacity.
Originality/Value: Although there are some qualitative and quantitative studies in the literature about this issue, handling of foreign aids that Turkey made in the context of national interest-foreign policy and its analysis through a dependency approach, constitute the original value of this research.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Survivorship and Risk Factors for Revision
Authors: Ekhtiari Seper , Bozzo Anthony , Madden Kim , Winemaker Mitchell J. , Adili Anthony , Wood Thomas J. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Operative management for end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) primarily consists of arthroplasty. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the so-called gold standard for multicompartmental OA. In selected patients, specifically those with unicompartmental OA and no definite contraindications, realignment osteotomies and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are viable options. UKA offers several advantages over TKA, including preservation of both cruciate ligaments, faster recovery, and less osseous resection. The purpose of this study was to determine the survivorship of UKAs and risk factors for all-cause revision surgery in patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years in a large population-based database.

Methods:
We performed a population-based cohort study using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. We identified all UKAs performed from January 2002 through December 2006. All patients had a minimum 10-year follow-up. Demographic data and outcomes were summarized using descriptive statistics. We used a Cox proportional hazards model with the Fine and Gray method accounting for competing risks such as death to analyze the effect of surgical and patient factors on the risk of revision of UKA.

Results:
A total of 4,385 patients were identified as having undergone primary UKA from 2002 through 2006 in Ontario. Of these patients, 779 underwent revision surgery, for a cumulative risk for all-cause revision of 16.5% at 10 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4% to 17.7%). Mechanical loosening was the reason for 83.4% of all revisions. Male sex, diabetes, an age younger than 50 years, and cementless implants were significant risk factors for revision surgery. Residence in a rural or urban setting, income quintile, discharge destination, and type of OA were not associated with the risk of revision. Survivorship at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years was 97.2%, 90.5%, 83.5%, and 81.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a >80% long-term survivorship for UKA based on a large administrative database sample and identified important risk factors for failure including male sex, younger age, diabetes, and cementless fixation. This study found rates of survivorship similar to those previously reported in the literature, while identifying key risk factors for failure. Patient selection has always been identified as a key factor in ensuring successful UKA, and the risk factors identified in this study may help guide decision-making for surgeons and patients dealing with unicompartmental knee OA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effects Of Nutrition Education And Counseling Intervention On Maternal Weight And Obstetric Outcomes Among Pregnant Women Of Gedeo Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2019, Cluster Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sisay Gizaw , Tesfaye Adane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA good approach to improve maternal diet during pregnancy is nutrition education and counseling. However, due to the scarcity of intervention trials, especially in Ethiopia, the effect of nutrition education and counseling intervention on pregnancy outcomes is not well studied.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of nutrition education and counseling on maternal weight and the outcomes of pregnancy among pregnant women in public health care institutions of Gedeo Zone, Southern, Ethiopia.MethodsA cluster randomized control trial study design was undertaken. Simple random sampling followed by cluster sampling was used to reach eligible study participants. A total sample of 235 (115 intervention vs.120 control group) pregnant women who followed antenatal care service in public health facilities of Gedeo Zone were included in the study. Independent t-test was used to analyze the group difference for continuous variable and chi-square test for categorical variables. The post intervention values between two groups were compared using ANCOVA by adjusting to the baseline variables.ResultAfter nutrition education and counseling, pregnant women in the control group had less weight gain than in the intervention (65.03kg vs. 56.69kg, p = 0.001). The proportion of LBW neonate was 17.8% in the intervention group and 38.2% in the control group (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of LBW in the control group was 2.43 more likely than in the intervention group (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: (1.2, 4.92).ConclusionNutrition education and counseling delivered to pregnant women on the time of pregnancy could reduce maternal malnutrition and low birth weight. We can recommend that; the intervention is easy to implement in health facilities of Gedeo zone and would be implemented without delay to achieve sustainable development goals.The trial was retrospectively registered in Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) database with unique identification number for the registry is PACTR202101757871954.
Is outdoor-resting behaviour in malaria vectors consistent? Short report from northern Ghana.
Authors: Hamid-Adiamoh Majidah , Nwakanma Davis , Sr Isaac , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Afrane Yaw A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent reports of a change in the resting behaviour of malaria vectors, from predominantly indoor resting to outdoor resting following blood feeding, have been attributed to selection pressure from use of vector control tools such as indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. Recent studies have observed vectors resting predominantly outdoors in settings where anti-vector tools are extensively deployed. This present study examined if the outdoor resting behaviour in the vector population, is random or indicative of a consistent preference of one resting site over the other.
Methods
Mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments were conducted with outdoor-resting Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus mosquitoes collected from pit shelters, animal houses and granaries in two villages in Northern Ghana during rainy and dry seasons. Mosquitoes were marked with fluorescent dyes and released indoors. The experiments were controlled with indoor-resting mosquitoes, which were marked and released outdoors. Species of all recaptured mosquitoes were identified and assessed for consistency in their resting behaviour.
Results
A total of 4,460 outdoor-resting mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (2,630, 59%) and An. funestus complex (1,830, 41%) were marked and released. Overall, 31 (0.7%) mosquitoes were recaptured mostly from outdoor location comprising 25 (81%) An. gambiae s.l. and 6 (19%) An. funestus complex. Only 3 (10%) of the recaptured mosquitoes were found resting indoors where they were released. The majority of the outdoor-recaptured mosquitoes were An. arabiensis (11, 39%), followed by An. coluzzii (7, 25%); whereas all indoor-recaptured mosquitoes were An. coluzzii. For the control experiment, 324 indoor-resting mosquitoes constituting 313 (97%) An. gambiae s.l. and 11 (3%) An. funestus complex were marked and released. However, none of these was recaptured neither indoors nor outdoors. More mosquitoes were significantly captured and recaptured during rainy season ( Z = 6.579, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The results obtained suggested the tendency for the mosquitoes to retain their outdoor-resting behaviour. Further investigations are required to ascertain if emerging preference for outdoor resting behaviour in malaria vector populations is consistent or a random occurrence.
Device Simulation of The GeSe Homojunction And vdW GeSe/GeTe Heterojunction TFETs For High-Performance Application
Authors: Wang Qida , Xu Peipei , Li Hong , Liu Fengbin , Sun Shuai , Zhou Gang , Qing Tao , Zhang Shaohua , Lu Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Compared with a 2D homogeneous channel, the introduction of a 2D/2D homojunction or heterojunction is a promising method to promote the performance of a TFET mainly by controlling the tunneling barrier. We simulate the 10-nm-Lg double-gated GeSe homojunction TFETs and vdW GeSe/GeTe heterojunction TFETs using the ab initio quantum transport calculations. Two constructions are considered for both the homojunction and heterojunction TFETs by placing the BL GeSe and vdW GeSe/GeTe heterojunction as the source or drain while the channel and the remaining drain or source use ML GeSe. The on-state current (Ion) of the optimal n-type BL-ML GeSe source homojunction TFET and the optimal p-type vdW GeSe/GeTe drain heterojunction TFET are 2320 and 2387 μA μm-1, respectively, which are 50% and 64% larger than Ion of the ML GeSe homogeneous TFET. Inspiringly, the device performances (Ion, intrinsic delay time τ, and power delay product PDP) of both the optimal n-type GeSe homojunction and p-type vdW GeSe/GeTe heterojunction TFETs meet the requirement of the International Roadmap for Device and Systems high-performance device for the year of 2034 (2020 version).
Placental Growth Factor Level is Correlated with Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Findings
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Takakura Sho , Enomoto Naosuke , Maki Shintaro , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Here, we tested the correlation between maternal placental growth factor (PlGF) and fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring findings. Methods: We included 35 women with single pregnancies from 35 to 42 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized due to onset of labor. Blood samples were collected at the start of labor. Intrapartum FHR monitoring parameters included total deceleration area, average deceleration area (mean deceleration area per 10 minutes), and five-tier classification level. Results: Of the 35 women, 26 (74%) had vaginal delivery and 9 (26%) had cesarean section. After excluding 2 women who had cesarean section for arrest of labor, we analyzed 26 women who had vaginal delivery (VD group) and 7 who had cesarean section for fetal indications (CSF group). PlGF level was significantly higher in the VD group (157 ± 106 pg/ml) than in the CSF group (74 ± 62 pg/ml) (P = 0.03). There were no significant correlations between PlGF and total (r = -0.07) or average (r = -0.08) deceleration area. A significant negative correlation was observed between PlGF and the proportion of five-tier classification level 3 or higher (r = -0.42). Conclusion: PlGF was correlated with FHR monitoring findings and might be a promising biomarker of intrapartum fetal function.
Assessing Drought Effects on Banana Production and On-Farm Coping Strategies by Farmers – A Study in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda
Authors: Nansamba Moureen , Sibiya Julia , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Ocimati Walter , Kikulwe Enoch , Karamura Deborah , Karamura Eldad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Drought is a major threat to banana production in Uganda, leading to large yield losses. This study documented drought effects on banana production and identified farmers’ coping strategies to mitigate the impact of droughts. Interviews were conducted in eight districts, randomly selected from banana-growing districts in Uganda’s cattle corridor, characterised by frequent droughts. Data were collected from 120 respondents/farms. Banana production in the study area was dominated by small-scale farmers, growing mostly a combination of cooking and dessert banana types. Among the 15 identified effects of drought stress on banana growth, reduced bunch weight, wilting and drying of leaves, reduced leaf production and reduced number of fingers and clusters were the most reported. ‘Mpologoma’ and ‘FHIA 17’ cultivars were reported as the most and least affected by drought stress, respectively. Although the cattle corridor is prone to recurrent droughts, the deployment of drought coping strategies was mostly low, with farmers using one to three strategies. A total of 12 drought mitigation practices were used across the cattle corridor, with mulching being the most common option. Irrigation was perceived as the most effective mitigation option though its deployment was limited by water scarcity and the high cost of water pumps. This study suggests the need for government support in drought stress mitigation practices and the development of drought-tolerant cultivars by breeders. Additionally, farmers need to prioritise preventive coping strategies like planting drought-tolerant cultivars, irrigation, mulching, and manure application and ensure the appropriate time of deployment of mitigation practices.
Motor Symptom Asymmetry Predicts Non-motor Outcome and Quality of Life Following STN DBS in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Voruz Philippe , Pierce Jordan , Ahrweiller Kévin , Haegelen Claire , Sauleau Paul , Drapier Sophie , Drapier Dominique , Vérin Marc , Péron Julie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Risk factors for long-term non-motor disorders and quality of life following subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation (STN DBS) have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, we investigated the impact of motor symptom asymmetry in Parkinson’s disease.Data were extracted for 52 patients with Parkinson’s disease (half with left-sided motor symptoms and half with right-sided ones) who underwent bilateral STN and a matched healthy control group. Performances for cognitive tests and neuropsychiatric and quality-of-life questionnaires at 12 months post-DBS were compared with a pre-DBS baseline. Results indicated a deterioration in cognitive performance post-DBS in patients with left-sided motor symptoms. Performances of patients with right-sided motor symptoms were maintained, except for a verbal executive task. These differential effects had an impact on patients’ quality of life. The results highlight the existence of two distinct cognitive profiles of Parkinson’s disease, depending on motor symptom asymmetry. This asymmetry is a potential risk factor for non-motor adverse effects following STN DBS.
Comparison of General-Social Health and Corona-Induced Anxiety Between Active and Inactive Students in The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmadabadi Somayeh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGeneral health includes physical and mental health and their interactions, and physical activity can improve people’s mental and social health. The present study has compared general-social health and COVID-19-induced anxiety between active and inactive students during the COVID-19 -19 pandemic.A causal-comparative research design was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Farhangian University of Mashhad in 2020, out of whom 752 students were randomly selected. Subjects were assessed for general health, social health, and COVID-19-induced anxiety. Data normality was investigated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and data were analyzed statistically using independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient test.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between general health and COVID-19-induced anxiety of active and inactive students (p = 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between these two groups in social health (p≥0.05). Results obtained regarding the correlation indicated that there was a significant correlation between general and social health in both active and inactive students (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-induced anxiety and general-social health (p≥0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of the present study, it can be said that an active lifestyle and physical activity are important factors to improve general health and reduce anxiety, especially in specific conditions of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is recommended that students have a regular exercise program to reduce their anxiety and increase the level of their physical health.