bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype and Peritumoral Immune Cell Infiltration in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Oh Chung Ryul , Kim Hyung-Don , Ryu Yeon-Mi , Lee Seonmin , Kim Danbee , Lee Da Sol , Jeong Jae Ho , Chang Heung-Moon , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Kim Kyu-pyo , Kim Miyeon , Kim Sang-Yeob , Yoo Changhoon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the clinical implications of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and peritumoral immune cell infiltration in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis). Forty-five patients with advanced BTC who received GemCis were included as the study population. We conducted multiplex immunohistochemistry and examined EMT markers and their correlations with immune cell infiltrate at the invasive tumor margin. Study population was subdivided into two groups: twenty-four patients with short-term survival (SS) and 21 with long-term survival (LS). The density of tumor cells expressing epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-cadherin+ CK+) at the invasive tumor margin tended to be higher in the LS group than in the SS group (p = 0.065). The density of tumor cells expressing mesenchymal marker vimentin (vimentin+ CK+) was significantly higher in the SS group than in the LS group (p = 0.021). Accordingly, the density of E-cadherin− vimentin+ CK+ cells was also significantly higher in the SS group (p = 0.020). The density of vimentin+ CK+ cells was positively correlated with FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells (r = 0.29, p = 0.047). EMT-related features were enriched in BTC patients with poor survival outcomes and were associated with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Climate-driven zooplankton shifts could cause global declines in food quality for fish
Authors: Heneghan Ryan , Everett Jason , Blanchard Julia , Sykes Patrick , Richardson Anthony 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although zooplankton are the primary energy pathway from phytoplankton to fish, we understand little about how climate change will modify zooplankton communities and their role in marine ecosystems. Using a trait-based marine ecosystem model resolving key zooplankton groups, we assess climate change impacts on zooplankton community composition and implications for marine food webs globally. We find that future oceans favour food webs increasingly dominated by carnivorous (chaetognaths, jellyfish and carnivorous copepods) and gelatinous filter-feeding zooplankton (larvaceans and salps). By providing a direct energetic pathway from small phytoplankton to fish, the rise of gelatinous filter-feeders largely offsets the increase in trophic steps between primary producers and fish from declining phytoplankton production and increasing carnivorous zooplankton. However, our results indicate that future fish communities face not only reduced carrying capacity from falling primary production, but also lower quality diets as environmental conditions increasingly favour gelatinous zooplankton.
The Effect of Iron Dextran on Vitamin D3 Metabolism in SD Rats
Authors: Qiu Fubin , Li Rui , Gu Siyu , Zhao Yimin , Yang Linxue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The status of iron and vitamin D (VD) is essential to health. Previous studies have shown that iron homeostasis has a potential effect on VD metabolism, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Objectives: To explore the relationship between VD metabolism and iron metabolism, as well as the regulatory mechanism of iron on VD metabolism. Methods: Methods: 40 male rats were fed adaptively for 7 days and randomly divided into control (C, n=6 normal diet) group and model (M, n=24 iron deficient diet) group according to body weight, the latter was used to establish iron deficiency anemia (IDA) model. After 6 weeks of feeding, the M group was randomly divided into: deficiency iron group (DFe), low iron group (LFe), medium iron group (MFe) and high iron group (HFe) according to the level of hemoglobin (Hb). Different doses of iron dextran (based on iron content (100g·bw·d)): 0, 1.1, 3.3 and 9.9mg were given respectively. After 4 weeks, the rats were anesthetized with 8% chloral hydrate, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, liver and kidney tissues were collected. The serum and tissues were separately packed and frozen at -80℃ for testing. Results: The results showed that the levels of Hb, RBC, serum iron (SI), liver iron, and kidney iron DFe group were lower than those in the other four groups, while the levels of total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (Tfr) in DFe group were higher than those in other groups; The serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in DFe group were significantly lower than those in C group (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the levels of 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were negatively correlated with TIBC, TF and Tfr no correlation with SI. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and q-PCR results showed that compared with C group, the protein and gene expressions of CYP2R1, CYP27A1, and CYP24A1 in DFe group were down-regulated, and the expression of CYP27B1 protein and gene was up-regulated in DFe group. Conclusion: Therefore, iron may be involved in the metabolism of VD3 by regulating the expression of VD3 hydroxylase, suggesting that appropriate iron supplementation can promote the activation of VD3.
Phenomenology and genetic moderators of excessive checking after antipsychotic treatment
Authors: Fernandez-Egea Emilo , Chen Shanquan , Sanguesa Estela , Gasso Patricia , Biria Marjan , Plaistow James , Beckwith Helen , Jarratt-Barnham Isaac , Segarra Nuria , Mas Sergi , Ribate Maria-Pilar , Garcia Cristina , LAFUENTE Amalia , Fineberg Naomi , Worbe Yulia , Cardinal Rudolf , Robbins Trevor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A significant proportion of antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients develop de novo checking compulsions, a phenomenon that is yet to be understood. Informed by models of habit formation developed in the cognitive neurosciences, we hypothesised that excessive checking could be understood as the by-product of psychosis, promoted by clozapine’s strong anti-serotoninergic action. Using the anonymised electronic records of a cohort of 204 clozapine-treated patients, including longitudinal assessments of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and psychosis (n=724 face-to-face assessments), we performed longitudinal multi-level mediation and multi-level moderation analyses to explore OCS’ associations with psychosis and with patient genotype respectively. We found OCS to be common in clozapine-treated patients (54%), with checking being the most prevalent symptom. Mediation models showed psychosis severity to indirectly effect checking behaviour by inducing obsessions [0.08 (IC 0.05, 0.12); p<0.001). No direct effect of psychosis on checking was identified [-0.06 (IC -0.13, 0.02); p=0.145]. After psychosis remission, checking compulsion directly correlated with both clozapine plasma levels (r=0.33; p=0.005) and dose (r=0.30; p=0.010). The transition from psychosis to obsession and compulsion was moderated by glutamatergic genetic variants (GRIN2B). We also identified novel associations with the serotoninergic pathway (SLC6A4, HTR2A and HTR2C). Understanding the different phases of the complex transition from psychosis to compulsion may inform clinicians' therapeutic decisions.
Orthogonal Cutting of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: Fonseca Pedro P. , Vidal Catarina , Ferreira Francisco , Duarte Valdemar R. , Rodrigues Tiago A. , Santos Telmo G. , Machado Carla M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is increasingly being used to produce complex and non-traditional geometries that other technologies are not able to create. Finishing operations, as machining, are often required to accomplish the components functionality. However, recent studies suggest that several machining issues arise due to the lack of geometrical tolerances and complex shapes of the manufactured parts, like chattering effects, appropriate work holding selection and component alignment. This work aimed to evaluate if the established scientific knowledge for machining homogeneous and isotropic materials remains valid for machining WAAM parts. Two different variants of WAAM were analysed, namely, conventional MIG/MAG and hot forging (HF-WAAM). The cutting operations were carried out varying the undeformed chip thickness (UCT) and the cutting speed, using a tool rake angle of 25°. A systematic comparison was conducted between the existing theoretical principles and the obtained practical results of the orthogonal cutting process, where material properties (hardness, grain size, yield strength) and important machining outcomes (cutting forces, specific cutting energy, friction, shear stress, chip formation and surface roughness) are addressed. Additionally, high-speed camera records were used to evaluate the generated shear angle and chip formation process during the experimental tests. The machinability indicators shown that, through the appropriate cutting parameters, machining forces and energy consumption can be reduced up to 12%, when machining the mechanical improved HF-WAAM material, without compromising the surface quality requirements.
Diversity Among Mixed-ploidy Salamander Communities Reflects the Influence of Keystone Host Species
Authors: Bare Evan , Bogart Jim , Wilson Chris , Murray Dennis , Hossie Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding processes governing and sustaining biological diversity is a central goal of community ecology. Unisexual community complexes, where successful reproduction relies on sperm transfer from males of one or more bisexual host species, are relatively rare and poorly understood in terms of the drivers of community diversity and structure. Unisexual salamanders of the genus Ambystoma produce mostly clonal offspring but can also produce distinct biotypes (‘genomotypes’), each with their own ecological niche. Within unisexual communities, individual hosts are often relatively rare, however, the number, identity, and relative abundances of distinct host species may govern community structure. We studied Ambystoma communities on Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada, to determine if the bisexual hosts (A. texanum, A. laterale) determine community structure of unisexual Ambystoma. From 2015-2018, we genomotyped 2027 Ambystoma tissue samples (1184 adults, 843 larvae) from 11 different sites. The relative abundance of bisexual hosts ranged from 0-18% across sites. Composition and diversity of ecological communities was highly variable and could be largely ascribed to variation in the presence and/or relative abundance of keystone host species. Additionally, the site where both hosts were present had the greatest unisexual diversity, with genomotypes reflecting contributions from both hosts, suggesting that multi-host communities generate enhanced diversity. Our results indicate that keystone hosts are pivotal in determining structure and composition of unisexual community complexes. Unisexual complexes clearly offer unique opportunities to examine the factors impacting community structure and provide a useful model for studying the role of keystone species in ecological communities.
The impact of epistasis in the heterosis and combining ability analyses
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current theoretical knowledge concerning the influence of epistasis on heterosis is based on simplified multiplicative model. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of epistasis in the heterosis and combining ability analyses, assuming additive model, hundreds of genes, linkage disequilibrium (LD), dominance, and seven types of digenic epistasis. We developed the quantitative genetics theory for supporting the simulation of the individual genotypic values in nine populations, the selfed populations, the 36 interpopulation crosses, 180 doubled haploids (DHs) and their 16,110 crosses, assuming 400 genes in 10 chromosomes of 200 cM. Epistasis only affects population heterosis if there is LD. Only additive x additive and dominance x dominance epistasis can affect the components of the heterosis and combining ability analyses of populations. Both analyses can lead to completely wrong inferences regarding the identification of the superior populations, the populations with greater differences of gene frequencies, and the populations with maximum variability, when the number of interacting genes and the magnitude of the epistatic effects are high. There was a decrease in the average heterosis by increasing the number of epistatic genes and the magnitude of their epistatic effects. The same results are generally true for the combining ability analysis of DHs. Surprisingly, the combining ability analyses of subsets of 20 DHs showed no significant average impact of epistasis on the identification of the most divergent ones, even assuming a high number of epistatic genes and great magnitude of their effects. However, a significant negative effect can occur.
Spontaneous Self-propulsion and Nonequillibrium Shape Fluctuations of a Droplet Enclosing Active Particles
Authors: Kokot Gasper , Faizi Hammad , Pradillo Gerardo , Snezhko Alexey , Vlahovska Petia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Active particles, such as swimming bacteria or self-propelled colloids, spontaneously assemble into large-scale dynamic structures. Geometric boundaries often enforce different spatio-temporal patterns compared to unconfined environment and thus provide a platform to control the behavior of active matter. Here, we report collective dynamics of active particles enclosed by soft, deformable boundaries, that is responsive to the particles' activity. We reveal that a fluid droplet enclosing motile colloids powered by the Quincke effect (Quincke rollers) exhibits strong shape fluctuations, and while the rollers do self-organize into a single vortex, it fills the droplet interior. We demonstrate that the shape fluctuations have a power spectrum consistent with active fluctuations driven by particle-interface collisions, and a broken detailed balance confirms the nonequilibrium nature of the shape dynamics. We further find that the rollers activity coupled to soft boundary fluctuations can result in a spontaneous symmetry breaking and vortex splitting. The droplet acquires motility while the vortex doublet exists. Our findings provide insights into the complex collective behavior of active colloidal suspensions in soft confinement.
A Bireporter Vector System for Assaying Translational Activity of Regulatory Elements
Authors: Suhorukova Aleksandra V. , Tyurin Alexander , Pavlenko Olga S. , Mustafayev Orkhan N. , Gra Olga A. , Sinelnikov Igor G. , Goldenkova-Pavlova Irina V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMolecular biology has always shown some similarities with computer science. So, considering transient expression, one can see an analogy with a DDoS attack on a computing system. Like the DDoS attack, transient expression can carry a payload. In particular, analysis of the structure of cell mechanisms and signal amplification in the study of very subtle mechanisms of regulation.ResultsA new vector system for transient expression in plants is described; this system is intended for quantitative analysis of the contribution of regulatory elements to transcription and translation efficiencies. The proposed vector comprises two expression cassettes carrying reporter genes (of the Clostridium thermocellum thermostable lichenase and E. coli
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN HARGA EMAS, HARGA SAHAM, NILAI TUKAR DAN SUKU BUNGA DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN GRANGER CAUSALITY DAN VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL (VECM)
Authors: Sriwulan Junita , Ariusni Ariusni 
Published: November 2021

This studi aim to indentify and analyze the realtionship between Gold Price, Stock Price, Exchange rate and Interest rate in Indonesia. The type of this research is associative descriptive research. Where the data used is monthly data of time series from January 2014 to December 2019 obtained from Bank of Indonesia (BI) and hargaemas.org. Analysis model uses Granger Block Causality, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to see interaction the long and short term between of variabel, Impluse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) in looking at the response of variability to the variables to the variables associated with those shown by other endogenous variables. The finding of this study indicate that:(1) There is a one way causality relationship between interest rate and gold price, where only interest rate affects gold price. (2) In the short run, Shock of stock price, exchange rate and interest rate do not contribute to the variability of gold price in Indonesia, but shock of exchange rate is only to variability response of gold price on long run. (3) Shock of gold price, exchange rate and interest rate do not contribute to the variability of stock price in short term but variability of stock price is only based on long term gold price shock. (4) Exchange rate variability is contribute by stock price in the short and long term. But, in the long run shock interest rate also to the varibility of stock price. (5) Variability of interest rate is only contibuted by gold price in the short and long term in Indonesia.
FOOD SUPPORT FOR THE ANDALAS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DURING THE FIRST LOCKDOWN DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Wellyalina Wellyalina , Hasbulla Hasbullah , Refdi Cesar Welya , Azrifirwan Azrifirwan , Arlius Feri 
Published: November 2021

Background: Distributing Food Supplies for andalas university students that wander in Padang who are affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic is essential. Methodology: The distribution of basic food packages consisting of rice, eggs, cooking oil, milk and instant noodles has been carried out in 2 stages. This package can feed students for 1 week and help them to survive this difficult time. This program was directly supervised by the Dean of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University and implemented jointly with all members of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University. Conclusion: This activity can increase solidarity with the care of others affected by Covid-19 and also encourage understanding and interest in community empowerment, especially in tackling the spread of coronavirus
КРЕМЕНЬ С ГРАВИРОВКАМИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КАМЕННОГО СЫРЬЯ НА СТОЯНКЕ ВОСТОЧНОГО ГРАВЕТТА ХОТЫЛЕВО 2А
Authors: Д.К. Еськова , К.Н. Гаврилов 
Published: November 2021

В статье приведены результаты комплексного анализа представительной серии кремневых изделий с гравировками на известковой корке (268 предметов) из коллекции стоянки восточного граветта Русской равнины Хотылево 2А. Гравировки были обнаружены на предметах всех категорий расщепленного кремня и наносились на первой стадии расщепления (до или после изготовления преформ). Выявлена сильная корреляция между наличием гравировки и использованием приносного черного кремня. Не фиксируется предпочтение заготовок с гравировками на корке для изготовления определенного типа орудий. Не выявлено специфических зон, связанных с расщеплением исключительно кремня с гравировками или использованием орудий, изготовленных на подобных заготовках. На основании полученных данных выдвинуто две гипотезы: о маркировке ценного сырья и о связи факта гравировки преформ с транспортировкой сырья.
The paper presents results regarding comprehensive case study of a large series of flint artifacts with engravings on the cortex (268 items) from the collection of lithic industry from the Eastern Gravettian site of Khotylevo 2A on the Russian Plain. Engravings were identified on the cortex of all categories of artifacts of chipped flint, and not only on tools or blades. Most of the engravings (probably all of them) were made during the first stage of debitage – before or after the preparation of the pre-cores. A strong correlation between the presence of engraving on cortex and the use of exogenous black flint was established. Engraved blanks were not specifically preferred for production of some types of tools. Spatial analysis didn’t reveal any zones used specifically for engraved flint debitage or the use of tools with engravings. The data obtained suggest two hypotheses: marking of valuable raw materials and engraving of the transported flint at some point of logistic scheme.
Варварские подражания монетам Филиппа II Македонского с левобережья Нижнего Днестра
Authors: В.С. Синика , М.М. Чореф 
Published: November 2021

В статье публикуются и анализируются монеты – варварские подражания статерам Филиппа II Македонского, найденные на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. Нет оснований относить их к фракийской (гетской) чеканке. Три монеты относятся к известному типу Думбрэвень. Две представляют собой новый монетный тип – Токмазея-Парканы. Установлены дата производства и период обращения обоих типов. На основании изучения нумизматического материала выдвинуто и обосновано предположение о существовании у скифов левобережья Нижнего Днестра во II в. до н. э. развитых товарно-денежных отношений.
The paper deals with publishing and analysis some current coin finds from the left bank of the Lower Dniester. These seem to imitate the Greek coin emissions of Philip II of Macedon yet presumably were not minted by the Thracians (the Getians). Two coins represent the Tokmazeya-Parkany type allocated by the authors; the other three are attributed to the same well-known Dumbrăveni type. The time ranges when both coin types were circulating are established within second and third quarters of the 2nd c. BC and second half of the 2nd c. BC respectively. It is suggested that the Scythians from the left bank of the Lower Dniester have developed the commodity-money relations during the 2nd century BC.