bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peran Norma Deskriptif dan Kepribadian terhadap Perilaku Melawan Arah pada Pengendara Sepeda Motor
Authors: Irta Aflah Zakinov , Maulina Dewi , Santoso Guritnaningsih A. 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the role of descriptive norms and personality traits in predicting contraflow riding behavior among motorcyclists. A correlational study was conducted to 156 riders who have the active riding licenses, aged 17 to 51 years old. Participants was given validated scenarios to measure descriptive norm and the contraflow riding behavior, and the Indonesian adapted version of the Big Five self-report to measure extraversion and conscientiousness traits. The results show that descriptive norms have a significant role in predicting contraflow riding behavior. Age has also a significant role in predicting contraflow riding behavior. When the riders perceived that many riders perform contraflow behavior and the younger their age, they are more likely to perform the contraflow riding behavior. Based on this study, the policy makers should make a serious effort in developing the descriptive norms to reduce contraflow riding behavior, especially among young motorcyclists.
Örgütsel Sadakat ve Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Çalışanların Bireysel İş Performansları Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: BİÇER Mehmet 
Published: July 2021

Nicel araştırma modeli kapsamında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada örgütsel sadakat ve lider-üye etkileşim (LÜE) kavramlarının bireysel iş performansı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda; çalışmanın temel amacı, çalışanların bireysel iş performansları üzerinde örgütsel sadakat düzeyleri mi, yoksa lider-üye etkileşiminden kaynaklanan ilişkinin düzeyi mi daha çok etkilidir sorusuna cevap aramaktır. Araştırma modeli kapsamındaki bağımsız değişkenler (örgütsel sadakat ve lider-üye etkileşimi) ve bağımlı değişken (iş performansı) arasındaki ilişkiler gıda ve perakende sektörlerinde çalışan 288 katılımcıya ait verilerin korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Veriler, kolayda örnekleme ve anket tekniği kullanılarak Hatay ilinde faaliyet gösteren, zincir market çalışanları ve ulusal gıda firmalarının satış ve idari personellerinden elde edilmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonuçları, lider-üye etkileşiminin tüm alt boyutlarının ve örgütsel sadakatin, bireysel iş performansı ile istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkilere sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Basit ve çoklu regresyon analizleri ise örgütsel sadakatin ve LÜE bileşenlerinin (etki, sadakat, katkı, profesyonel saygı) çalışanların bireysel iş performansları üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu etkilere sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, etki boyutunun iş performansı üzerinde diğer bileşenlerine göre daha fazla olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Regresyon analizleri kapsamında çalışmanın temel araştırma sorusuna yönelik en önemli bulgu, bireysel iş performansı üzerinde örgütsel sadakatin lider-üye etkileşiminden daha fazla olumlu etkilere sahip olmasıdır. Bulgular, perakende sektörü ve zincir market çalışanlarının bireysel iş performanslarına, örgütsel sadakat düzeylerinin liderleri ile olan ilişkinin düzeyinden daha çok katkı sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Yöneticisi ile arasındaki olumlu etkileşimler çalışanı mutlu edip iş performansını artırıyor olsa da, koşullar ne olursa olsun örgütüne sadık çalışanın daha yüksek bir iş performansı sağlayacağı gerçeği dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.	Anahtar Kelimeler: Örgütsel Sadakat, Lider-Üye Etkileşimi, Bireysel İş Performansı, Zincir Marketler, Perakende Sektörü
The Impacts of Sectoral Value Added to Economic Growth in Turkey
Authors: TUFANER Mustafa Batuhan 
Published: July 2021

The origins of economics are based on the balance between unlimited needs and scarce resources. This constraint has prompted economists to consider how to increase their production capacity and how much they will produce which good. In this historical process, it has become inevitable for economies to increase their production capacities and to realize structural transformations. At this point, the question arises in which sector the productivity and added value in production contribute more to economic growth.	Agriculture is an important component of economic growth in developing countries and constitutes a large part of employment. Manufacturing has played a key role in rapid economic growth since the industrial revolution. On the other hand, with the liberalization period after 1980, it was understood that the share of manufacturing in production decreased and there was a tendency towards the services sector in developing countries. In this context, it is important to research the added values in agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors and to reveal sectoral productivity. The aim of this paper is to research the impacts of agriculture, manufacture, and services value-added on economic growth in Turkey using econometric analysis methods. For this purpose, the relationship between variables was analyzed using regression and Granger causality methods for the period 1969-2019. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was seen that the value added that contributed the most to economic growth was the services sector with 0.47. Next, came manufacturing with 0.32 and finally the agricultural sector with a coefficient of 0.19. Granger causality test results showed that there is a mutual causality relationship between economic growth and manufacturing value added. In addition, it appeared that there is a one-sided causality from economic growth to agricultural value added. Analysis results reveal that the value added in the agriculture and manufacturing industry does not support sufficiently economic growth. In this context, it should be encouraged by policymakers to increase the added value in agriculture and manufacturing industry.
The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth and Income Inequality
Authors: ÖZPARLAK Gerçek , ÖZHAN Aslı 
Published: July 2021

Financial inclusion is defined as the access of households and firms to beneficial and reasonably priced financial products and services which are in line with their necessities. These could be financial transactions, transfers, savings, and loans. After narrowing down the definition, it then measures financial inclusion by using indexation technique. A major contribution of this study is the development of a measure of financial inclusion via formation of three indices, namely financial access index, firm-level and household-level financial usage indices. These three indices capture different aspects of financial inclusion, which is comprised of access to financial services by both households and firms in addition to effective use of these services. Based on Global Findex database and the Enterprise Survey database collected by the World Bank, Financial Access database collected by the International Monetary Fund the study introduces measures of household-level and firm-level inclusion, with placing Europe and Central Asia in a historical and cross-country perspective. By using Panel and Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis, it analyzes the impact of financial inclusion on two important macroeconomic variables, namely growth and inequality. Moreover, it focuses particularly on the ECA region and analyzes the dynamics in the region. The study aims at documenting the status of financial inclusion in ECA, while shedding light on the impact of financial inclusion on growth and inequality. It concludes that, in line with the contemporary literature, financial inclusion enhances growth and reduces inequality with better access to resources to finance both consumption and investment. According to the article’s findings, the positive impact of financial inclusion on growth is significant in the ECA region.	Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth, Inequality, the World Bank, Europe and Central Asia, IMF
Youtube’un Bir Reklam Alanı Olarak Kullanımı; Sakarya Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: ÇALAPKULU Çiğdem , ŞİMŞEK Ramazan 
Published: July 2021

Her ne koşulda olursa olsun insanoğlu sosyal bir varlıktır. Bu özelliği ona iletişimin devamlılığını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Dönem dönem değişen iletişim olanaklarına rağmen insan muhatabına her şekilde seslenmeyi başarabilmektedir. Günümüze gelindiğinde bu değişim daha hızlı bir şekilde olmaktadır. Bugünün seslenme aygıtları ise yeni iletişim teknolojileridir. Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin getirileri olan yeni medya ve uygulamaları bireylere iletişebilme özgürlüğü tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada yeni medya organlarının en popülerlerinde olan video içerik üreticisi YouTube’un reklam alanında kullanımı irdelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede geleneksel medya, sosyal medya ve reklam kavramları ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde YouTube’un konumlandırmasından sonra araştırmanın bulguları sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın araştırma aşamasında nicel bir araştırma yöntemi olan uygulama Sakarya Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgular SPSS 20.0 programı ile ölçülmüş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda yapılan anket çalışmasında alt problemleri de değerlendirmeye aldığımızda Sakarya Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi öğrencileri YouTube’un reklam alanında ne konumda olduğunu ve kullanılıp kullanılmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak tüm bu bilgiler ışığında yeni medya insanların internet kullanım alışkanlıklarını büyük ölçüde değiştirmiştir. İç içe geçmiş medya kavramı birbirinden beslenir hale gelmiştir.	Anahtar Kelimeler: Medya, Sosyal Medya, YouTube, Reklam, Web 2.0
Mulberrofuran G, a Potent Inhibitor of SPIKE Protein of SARS Corona Virus 2
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat , Motamedi Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2021

Background: At the onset of the 2020 year, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic and infected many people worldwide. Despite all efforts, no cure was found for this infection. Bioinformatics and medicinal chemistry have a potential role in the primary consideration of drugs to treat this infection. With virtual screening and molecular docking, some potent compounds and medications can be found and modified and then applied to treat disease in the next steps.
Methods: By virtual screening method and PRYX software, some Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs and natural compounds have been docked with the SPIKE protein of SARS-CoV-2. Some more potent agents have been selected, and then new structures are designed with better affinity than them. After that, we searched for the molecules with a similar structure to designed compounds to find the most potent compound to our target.
Results: Because of the study of structures and affinities, mulberrofuran G was the most potent compound in this study. The compound has interacted strongly with residues in the probably active site of SPIKE.
Conclusion: Mulberrofuran G can be a treatment agent candidate for COVID-19 because of its good affinity to SPIKE of the virus and inhibition of virus-cell adhesion and entrance.
Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in Patients with COVID-19: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta‐analysis
Authors: Nasir Kansestani Atefeh , Zare Mohammad Erfan , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

Background: Several reports have determined that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lead them to poor outcomes. CVD biomarkers have, thus, great potential to be used as prognostic biomarkers. We aimed to determine the accuracy of CVD biomarkers for the prognosis of the COVID-19 patient’s outcome via a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analysis.
Methods: Until September 30, 2020, we searched Web of Sciences, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases to obtain related papers. The summary points and lines were calculated using bivariate/HSROC model. As outcomes, we considered critical conditions and mortality.
Results: A total of 17 659 patients from 33 studies were included. Five biomarkers, namely increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), D-dimer, and thrombocytopenia, met the inclusion criteria. Our results indicated that LDH and cTnI had good accuracy for the prognosis of critical condition (AUCHSROC=0.83 and 0.80, respectively), while LDH, cTnI, and D-dimer had acceptable accuracy (AUCHSROC=0.74, 0.71, and 0.72, respectively) for the prognosis of mortality. LDH and D-dimer had high sensitivity, whereas cTnI had high specificity. The other biomarkers did not have acceptable accuracy. Significant publication bias was found for D-dimer (P=0.053).
Conclusion: Among CVD biomarkers, LDH and cTnI had good accuracy for the prognosis of critical outcomes and acceptable accuracy for the prognosis of mortality, without publication bias. Given their different sensitivities and specificities, we recommend the use of these 2 biomarkers concomitantly.
Serum Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as an Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Raygan Fariba , Etminan Aniseh , Mohammadi Hanieh , Akbari Hossein , Nikoueinejad Hassan 
Published: July 2021

Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of transforming growth factors, is a stress-responsive marker whose levels may significantly increase in response to pathological stresses associated with inflammatory tissue injuries such as unstable angina pectoris (USAP). This study evaluated the diagnostic value of GDF-15 in patients with USAP.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study recruited 39 patients with USAP criteria and 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran. All the patients with USAP had at least 1 coronary artery stenosis (>50%) in angiography. The control group comprised 42 healthy individuals. The serum levels of GDF-15 were measured in all the participants by ELISA. Also analyzed were the relationship between GDF-15 levels and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk scores in the patients with USAP to determine the severity of the disease.
Result: The study population consisted of 111 subjects, 62 women and 49 men, divided into 3 groups of USAP (n=39, mean age=60.07±14.10 y), SAP (n=30, mean age=67.56±9.88 y), and control (n=42, mean age=61.21±7.76 y). The mean serum level of GDF-15 in the USAP group was significantly different from the other 2 groups (P<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in this regard between the SAP and control groups (P=0.797). No correlation was found between the mean GDF-15 serum level and the GRACE (P=0.816) and TIMI (P=0.359) risk scores in the USAP group.
Conclusion: The mean serum level of GDF-15 exhibited a rise in our patients with USAP. GDF-15 may be a diagnostic biomarker of USAP and its severity.
Treatment Cost Analysis of COVID-19 Inpatients Treated at a University Hospital in Turkey
Authors: BOZDEMİR Enver , BALBAY Öner , TERZİ Melek , KAPLAN Zekeriya 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To guide both the hospital management and the health policymakers who play a role in the management process of their disease by analysing the costs of the patients receiving inpatient treatment in Düzce University Health Application and Research Center (Hospital - DUHARH) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of the Social Security Institution (SSI).
Material and Method: The study covers 582 patients who received inpatient treatment in intensive care and other clinics in March/2020-December/2020 due to COVID-19 disease in DUHARH. In the study, all sample unselected populations were included. Retrospectively obtained data were analysed using bottom-up, document analysis, and multivariate regression analysis.
Results: It was determined that 60% of the 582 patients studied were male (350 people), 40% female (232 people) and that the average hospitalization period was 5.7 days, 23% (134 people) in the Pandemic Intensive Care Unit and 77% (448 people) in other pandemic services. The total amount invoiced to SSI by the hospital was 7.378.695,00 TRY ($ 1,052,595). It was determined that 79% of this was the intervention cost and the average daily hospitalization cost per patient was ± 2,099.80 TRY ($ 299.54). Besides, since gender discrimination is male, elderly patients are hospitalized in intensive care. The hospitalization period is P
Features on ECG During Admission May Predict in-hospital Events for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: HARBALIOĞLU Hazar , GENC Omer , ALICI Gökhan , QUİSİ Alaa , YILDIRIM Abdullah 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of ECG features obtained on admission with treating units and in-hospital all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A total of 172 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method between 15 May and 17 June 2020 were enrolled in the study. Laboratory parameters and findings on ECG obtained during admission were recorded. Criteria for hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were determined in accordance with interim guidance of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization. Patients were grouped according to their in-hospital mortality status, survivors and non-surviors and units where patients are treated, intensive care unit and in-patient room.
Results: The median age was significantly higher in the non-survivors group and, in the patients treated in ICU (p
Teachers’ Approaches to Strengthening their Immune Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: KÜÇÜKCERAN Hatice , CİHAN Fatma Gökşin , DAYE Munise 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Strengthening the immune system constitutes an important part of struggling with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the approaches of the teachers to strengthen their immunity during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Method: This descriptive study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to teachers using social media between 15 June - 15 July 2020.
Results: The median age of all 500 participants was 37 (min: 22, max: 69) years and 76.8% were women. Of the teachers 47.4% stated that they gained weight during COVID-19 pandemic period. Fruit and vegetable consuming (52.8%), praying (36.2%) and sunbathing (26.0%) were the most common methods to strengthen immunity. Of the teachers, 45.2% (n:226) were using supplementary products. The most commonly used supplements are; Vitamin D (17%), vitamin C (14.2%) and multi-vitamin (10.8%). While there was no statistically significant difference between supplementary product usage and income levels (p = 0.839), there was a significant difference with allotting of money for their health (p = 0.001). Of the teachers, 46.2% were confident about their knowledge on immunity strengthening methods and 61.2% stated that they would like to be trained.
Conclusion: Teachers appear to care about their health and apply immunity strengthening methods, though nearly half gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-service training is essential for the teachers who would constitute good role-models for the society. Lifestyle changes and complementary therapies strengthening immunity may help to come over Covid-19 pandemic with less harm. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of complementary therapies on the immune system.
Efectos del coronavirus en el sector turismo en Chile
Authors: Rivas Ortega Humberto , Grande Villa Francisco , Cooper Carrasco Christopher , Hidalgo del Canto Manuel Andrés , Astudillo Riveros Benjamín Ignacio , Cervantes Ponce Diego 
Published: July 2021

En los últimos años, el desarrollo del tu­rismo en el mundo había registrado una favorable evolución tanto en las llegadas de turistas como en los ingresos, el empleo y la diversificación de la oferta hotelera, entre otros indicadores. En el caso de Chi­le, el año 2019 había sido escenario de un estallido social, cuyos efectos en el turismo habían ocasionado una brusca reducción de las llegadas de turistas internacionales y generado una sensación de inseguridad para los viajes internos. En este contexto, las autoridades y los empresarios del sec­tor turismo se preparaban para asumir el desafío de impulsar una intensa campaña de promoción orientada a recuperar la de­manda. Los objetivos de este artículo son analizar el escenario que enfrenta el sector turismo en Chile a partir de la situación ocasionada por el coronavirus e identificar algunos desafíos claves que deberá afrontar el sector para superarlo, considerando los factores que desencadenaron el conflicto social. Para analizar la evolución de la situación en Chile durante los primeros meses del año 2020, se aplicó una metodología descriptiva. En una segunda etapa se aplicó el método EPA (Events Protest Analysis) para analizar publicaciones de prensa al respecto. En cuanto al impacto visible de la pande­mia, se registró una caída del 99,7 % en las llegadas de turistas con respecto a agosto de 2019 y de un 45,2 % en el empleo de personal de los servicios de alojamiento y comidas en comparación con el mismo mes de 2019 (Subsecretaría de Turismo, 2020a). En los destinos turísticos se observaron acciones de protesta colectiva —inéditas en el país— que daban cuenta del rechazo de las comunidades locales a la creciente presencia de visitantes en localidades que registraban pocos casos de coronavirus. Esta situación presentó un complejo desafío para los destinos turísticos y demandará nuevos esfuerzos de investigación en el sector turismo para generar conocimientos e instrumentos de planificación que con­tribuyan a enfrentar crisis cada vez más frecuentes.
Review Design Perencanaan Gedung Convention Hall Putri Karang Melenu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Tumingan Tumingan , Tjitradi Darmansyah 
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil analisis dalam mengevaluasi ulang perhitungan kapasitas struktur Gedung convention hall Putri Karang Melenu Tenggarong terhadap hasil perencanaan awal akibat adanya pengurangan kolom bagian tengah gedung untuk memperluas ruangan memenuhi fungsi ruang pertemuan. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan bantuan software Struktur Analisis Program (SAP) dan pengecekan lapangan terhadap lendutan yang terjadi. Dari hasil evaluasi analisis diperoleh penggunaan material lebih sedikit/ekonomis, sedangkan pengamatan lendutan diperoleh hasil lebih kecil dari lendutan hasil analisis khusus akibat beban permanen atau beban mati. Kondisi ruangan menjadi luas dan lapang tanpa kolom di bagian tengah ruangan.Kata kunci: Redesign, Bangunan Gedung, Convention Hall, SAP