bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote enrollment into a telehealth-delivering patient portal: Barriers faced in an urban population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Francke Jordan A. , Groden Phillip , Ferrer Christopher , Bienstock Dennis , Tepper Danielle L. , Chen Tania P. , Sanky Charles , Grogan Tristan R. , Weissman Matthew A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTelehealth drastically reduces the time burden of appointments and increases access to care for homebound patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many outpatient practices closed, requiring an expansion of telemedicine capabilities. However, a significant number of patients remain unconnected to telehealth-capable patient portals. Currently, no literature exists on the success of and barriers to remote enrollment in telehealth patient portals. From March 26 to May 8, 2020, a total of 324 patients were discharged from Mount Sinai Beth Israel (MSBI), a teaching hospital in New York City. Study volunteers attempted to contact and enroll patients in the MyChart patient portal to allow the completion of a post-discharge video visit. If patients were unable to enroll, barriers were documented and coded for themes. Of the 324 patients discharged from MSBI during the study period, 277 (85%) were not yet enrolled in MyChart. Volunteers successfully contacted 136 patients (49% of those eligible), and 39 (14%) were successfully enrolled. Inability to contact patients was the most significant barrier. For those successfully contacted but not enrolled, the most frequent barrier was becoming lost to follow-up (29% of those contacted), followed by lack of interest in remote appointments (21%) and patient technological limitations (9%). Male patients, and those aged 40–59, were significantly less likely to successfully enroll compared to other patients. Telehealth is critical for healthcare delivery. Remote enrollment in a telemedicine-capable patient portal is feasible, yet underperforms compared to reported in-person enrollment rates. Health systems can improve telehealth infrastructure by incorporating patient portal enrollment into in-person workflows, educating on the importance of telehealth, and devising workarounds for technological barriers.
Stories of Change in Nutrition in Ghana: a focus on stunting and anemia among children under-five years (2009 – 2018)
Authors: Aryeetey Richmond , Atuobi-Yeboah Afua , Billings Lucy , Nisbett Nicholas , van den Bold Mara , Toure Mariama 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to understand why child stunting and anemia (CS&A) rates declined in Ghana between 2009 and 2018, and which priority policies and programs will further improve nutrition outcomes. Trends and potential drivers of stunting (height-for-age z-score < -2.0 SD) and anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL), and decomposition analysis of DHS data (2003 to 2014) were conducted. The quantitative evidence was triangulated with Net-Map analysis of nutrition stakeholder relationships and influence, desk review of policies and programs 2009–2019, and in-depth interviews with 25 stakeholders who provided additional insights to explain CS&A trends. Declines in stunting (29.6%) and anemia (14.1%) in children were observed at the national level, but with important subgroup variations. Decomposition analyses identified changes in the household, maternal, and child characteristics (including wealth, use of antenatal services, maternal education, and immunization) as correlates of anemia reduction. Stunting reduction was linked with changes in bed-net utilization, household wealth, and pregnancy care service utilization. Additionally, multiple policies and programs initiated/implemented across multiple sectors were considered potentially relevant to CS&A reduction over time, including those focused on infant and young child feeding, water and sanitation, social protection, and health care access. Initiation/strengthening of these interventions was stimulated by awareness creation and subsequently increased prioritization of stunting. However, program delivery was limited by deficits in government funding, perceived low priority of child anemia, low implementation capacity and coverage, and weak coherence across sectors. Reduced CS&A resulted from improved access to services implemented across multiple sectors, albeit limited by implementation scale and capacity. Further reduction in CS&A requires enhanced multi-sectorally coordinated actions and capacity.
Pore structural characteristics and methane adsorption capacity of transitional shale of different depositional and burial processes: a case study of shale from Taiyuan formation of the Southern North China basin
Authors: Xu Qiuchen , Wang Haizhou , Guo Ruiliang , Liu Peng , Shi Dishi , Liu Enran , Zhang Yang , Wei Keyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPore structural characteristics and methane adsorption capacity are two significant aspects affecting shale gas potential, but the impact of deposition and burial processes on these two aspects is not clear. Hence, the shale samples of Taiyuan Formation deposited continuously and experienced multi-stage tectonic uplift in Fuyang-Bozhou area of Southern North China Basin were collected in this study. Based on the total organic carbon content analysis, mineral composition determination, low-pressure CO2 and N2 adsorption, high-pressure methane adsorption and argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscope observation. The impact of depositional and burial processes variation on shale reservoir physical properties and adsorption performance is studied. The results display that the pore types of shale samples which were continues deposited and experienced multi-stage tectonic uplift have no obvious differences, while the pore volume as well as specific surface area (SSA) of micropores and mesopores of shale samples under multi-stage tectonic uplift are larger significantly. Meanwhile, the roughness of shale pores increases also. The decrease of loading pressure caused by multi-stage tectonic uplift may be the main factor for the pore structure changes of shale sample. Compared with the continuous deposited samples, the shale samples under multi-stage tectonic uplift have stronger methane adsorption capacity, which is relevant to the greater SSA of micropores as well as mesopores. This study provides an example and new revelation for the influence of depositional and burial processes on shale pore structure and methane adsorption capacity.
A Global Multiregional Proteomic Map of the Human Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Guo Zhengguang , Shao Chen , Zhang Yang , Qiu Wenying , Li Wenting , Zhu Weimin , Yang Qian , Huang Yin , Pan Lili , Dong Yuepan , Sun Haidan , Xiao Xiaoping , Sun Wei , Ma Chao , Zhang Liwei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Brodmann area (BA)-based map is one of the most widely used cortical maps for studies of human brain functions and in clinical practice; however, the molecular architecture of BAs remains unknown. The present study provided a global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex by analyzing 29 BAs. These 29 BAs were grouped into 6 clusters based on similarities in proteomic patterns: the motor and sensory cluster, vision cluster, auditory and Broca’s area cluster, Wernicke’s area cluster, cingulate cortex cluster, and heterogeneous function cluster. We identified 474 cluster-specific and 134 BA-specific signature proteins whose functions are closely associated with specialized functions and disease vulnerability of the corresponding cluster or BA. The findings of the present study could provide explanations for the functional connections between the anterior cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex and for anxiety-related function in the sensorimotor cortex. The brain transcriptome and proteome comparison indicates that they both could reflect the function of cerebral cortex, but show different characteristics. These proteomic data are publicly available at the Human Brain Proteome Atlas (www.brain-omics.com). Our results may enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions and provide an important resource to support human brain research.
A modified Delphi approach to develop a trial protocol for antibiotic de-escalation in patients with suspected sepsis
Authors: Yarrington Michael E. , Moehring Rebekah W. , David Michael Z. , Hamilton Keith W. , Klompas Michael , Rhee Chanu , Hsueh Kevin , Ashley Elizabeth Dodds , Sinkowitz-Cochran Ronda L. , Ryan Matthew , Anderson Deverick J. ,   for the DETOURS Expert Panel of the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Early administration of antibiotics in sepsis is associated with improved patient outcomes, but safe and generalizable approaches to de-escalate or discontinue antibiotics after suspected sepsis events are unknown.

Methods:
We used a modified Delphi approach to identify safety criteria for an opt-out protocol to guide de-escalation or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy after 72 hours in non-ICU patients with suspected sepsis. An expert panel with expertise in antimicrobial stewardship and hospital epidemiology rated 48 unique criteria across 3 electronic survey rating tools. Criteria were rated primarily based on their impact on patient safety and feasibility for extraction from electronic health record review. The 48 unique criteria were rated by anonymous electronic survey tools, and the results were fed back to the expert panel participants. Consensus was achieved to either retain or remove each criterion.

Results:
After 3 rounds, 22 unique criteria remained as part of the opt-out safety checklist. These criteria included high-risk comorbidities, signs of severe illness, lack of cultures during sepsis work-up or antibiotic use prior to blood cultures, or ongoing signs and symptoms of infection.

Conclusions:
The modified Delphi approach is a useful method to achieve expert-level consensus in the absence of evidence suifficient to provide validated guidance. The Delphi approach allowed for flexibility in development of an opt-out trial protocol for sepsis antibiotic de-escalation. The utility of this protocol should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Public Distrust in Disputed Elections: Evidence from Latin America
Authors: Hernández-Huerta Victor , Cantú Francisco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe comparative literature on democratization has shown that election trust depends as much on subjective factors as on the objective conditions of the process. This literature, however, has thus far overlooked the consequences of candidates refusing to concede an electoral defeat. This letter argues that a disputed electoral outcome further inflames negative perceptions of electoral integrity among voters who supported a losing candidate. We bring support for this claim from a multilevel regression that includes data from the AmericasBarometer surveys on almost 100,000 respondents across 49 elections in 18 Latin American countries. We combine these responses with an original database of disputed elections in the region. The empirical findings demonstrate the eroding effect of challenged election outcomes on voters' election trust, particularly among those who voted for a losing candidate. The findings underscore an intuitive yet untested pattern: candidates' refusal to accept the electoral outcome is a strong signal among their supporters, increasing their distrust on the integrity of the process.
Socio-ecological determinants of under-five mortality in Nigeria: exploring the roles of neighbourhood poverty and use of solid cooking fuel
Authors: Imo Chukwuechefulam Kingsley , Wet-Billings Nicole De 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobally, despite the decline in under-five mortality rate from 213 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 132 per 1000 live births in 2018, the pace of decline has been slow, and this can be attributed to poor progress in child survival interventions, including those aimed at reducing children’s exposure to household pollution. This study examined the influence of neighbourhood poverty and the use of solid cooking fuels on under-five mortality in Nigeria. Data for the study comprised a weighted sample of 124,442 birth histories of childbearing women who reported using cooking fuels in the kitchens located within their house drawn from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive and analytical analyses were carried out, including frequency tables, Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional regression model. The results showed that the risk of under-five mortality was significantly associated with mothers residing in areas of high neighbourhood poverty (HR: 1.44, CI: 1.34–1.54) and the use of solid cooking fuels within the house (HR: 2.26, CI: 2.06–2.49). Government and non-governmental organizations in Nigeria should initiate strategic support and campaigns aimed at empowering and enlightening mothers on the need to reduce their use of solid cooking fuels within the house to reduce harmful emissions and their child health consequences.
RESPONDING TO VIOLENCE: LITURGY, AUTHORITY AND SACRED PLACES,c.900–c. 1150
Authors: Hamilton Sarah 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe principle that church buildings constitute sacred spaces, set apart from the secular world and its laws, is one of the most enduring legacies of medieval Christianity in the present day. When and how church buildings came to be defined as sacred has consequently received a good deal of attention from modern scholars. What happened when that status was compromised, and ecclesiastical spaces were polluted by acts of violence, like the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral? This paper investigates the history of rites for the reconciliation of holy places violated by the shedding of blood, homicide or other public acts of ‘filthiness’ which followed instances such as Becket's murder. I first identify the late tenth and early eleventh centuries in England as crucial to the development of this rite, before asking why English bishops began to pay attention to rites of reconciliation in the years around 1000ce. This paper thus offers a fresh perspective on current understandings of ecclesiastical responses to violence in these years, the history of which has long been dominated by monastic evidence from west Frankia and Flanders. At the same time, it reveals the potential of liturgical rites to offer new insights into medieval society.
Trends and determinants of minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months: a pooled analysis of Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Paramashanti Bunga A , Huda Tanvir M , Alam Ashraful , Dibley Michael J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine minimum dietary diversity (MDD) trends and determinants among children aged 6–23 months.Design:Secondary analysis of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) between 2007 and 2017. The primary outcome was MDD, the consumption of at least five out of eight food groups (MDD-8). We included a total of 5015 (IDHS 2007), 5050 (IDHS 2007) and 4925 (IDHS 2017) children aged 6 to 23 months to estimate trends of MDD-8 and to identify factors associated with MDD-8. We used multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the complex sampling design to investigate the association between the study factors and MDD-8.Setting:Indonesia.Participant:A total of 14 990 children aged 6–23 months.Results:Over the 10 years, the percentage of children who consumed a diversified diet was 53·1 % in 2007, 51·7 % in 2012 and 53·7 % in 2017. Multivariate analyses showed that older age children, higher maternal education, maternal weekly access to media, paternal non-agricultural occupation, history of at least four antenatal care visits and wealthier households were associated with the increased odds of MDD-8. Children living in rural areas, Sulawesi and Eastern Indonesia, were less likely to eat a diversified diet.Conclusions:The proportion of children meeting MDD-8 has stagnated in the last decade. Child, parental, health care, household and community factors are associated with MDD-8. Therefore, nutrition education programmes and behaviour change communication activities should target mothers and families from socio-economically and geographically disadvantaged populations.
Maternal iron-and-folic-acid supplementation and its association with low-birth weight and neonatal mortality in India
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , De Neve Jan-Walter , Geldsetzer Pascal , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:The current study assessed intake of iron-and-folic-acid (IFA) tablet/syrup (grouped into none, < 100 d of IFA consumption or < 100 IFA and ≥ 100 d of IFA consumption or ≥ 100 IFA) among prospective mothers and its association with various stages of low-birth weight (ELBW, extremely low-birth weight; VLBW, very low-birth weight and LBW, low-birth weight) and neonatal mortality (death during day 0–1, 2–6, 7–27 and 0–27) in India.Design:The cross-sectional, nationally representative, 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data were used. Weighted descriptive analysis and multiple binary logistic regression modelling were used.Setting:NFHS-4 covered 640 districts from thirty-seven states and union territories of India.Participants:A total of 120 374 and 143 675 index children aged 0–59 months were included to analyse LBW and neonatal mortality, respectively.Results:Overall, 30·7 % mothers consumed ≥ 100 IFA in 2015–2016, and this estimate ranged from 0·0 % in Zunheboto district of Nagaland state to 89·5 % in Mahe district of Puducherry of India. Multiple regression analysis revealed that children of mothers who consumed ≥ 100 IFA had lower odds of ELBW, VLBW, LBW and neonatal mortality during day 0–1, as compared with mothers who did not buy/receive any IFA. Consumption of IFA (< 100 IFA and ≥ 100 IFA) had a protective association with neonatal death during day 7–27 and 0–27. Consumption of IFA was not associated with neonatal death during day 2–6.Conclusions:While ≥ 100 IFA consumption during pregnancy was found to be associated with preventing select types of LBW and neonatal mortality, a large variation in coverage of ≥ 100 IFA consumption across 640 districts is concerning.
Greener insurgencies? Engaging non-State armed groups for the protection of the natural environment during non-international armed conflicts
Authors: de La Bourdonnaye Thibaud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs belligerent parties, non-State armed groups (NSAGs) contribute to environmental damage in non-international armed conflicts. Drawing from the actual practice and doctrine of NSAGs, this article unpacks the legal and policy framework for engaging them on the protection of the environment. It analyzes the international humanitarian law rules protecting the environment binding on NSAGs. To improve environmental protection, a model of environmental responsibilities under international human rights law and international environmental law based on the NSAG's level of territorial control is suggested, as a matter of policy. This article then explores how to engage NSAGs on the legal and policy framework identified and proposes a model unilateral declaration for the protection of the natural environment.
Humanizing siege warfare: Applying the principle of proportionality to sieges
Authors: Nijs Maxime 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSiege warfare and its devastating humanitarian consequences have been one of the defining features of contemporary armed conflicts. While the most apparent restriction of siege warfare appears to be provided by the prohibition against starvation of the civilian population as a method of warfare, the prevailing restrictive interpretation of this prohibition has left civilians remaining in a besieged area unprotected from the hardships they endure. This article demonstrates that shifting the focus from the prohibition against starvation to the rules regulating humanitarian relief operations does not seem helpful due to the ambiguities regarding the requirement of consent and the right of control of the besieging party. In remedying this protection gap, this article examines whether and how the principle of proportionality applies in the context of a siege. After analyzing whether the encirclement and isolation aspect of a siege can be considered an attack in the sense of Article 49(1) of Additional Protocol I (AP I), to which the proportionality principle applies, the article investigates how this principle operates in the context of a siege. It will be demonstrated that Article 57(2)(b) of AP I requires that the proportionality of a siege must be continuously monitored.
Policy Feedback and the Polarization of Interest Groups
Authors: Finger Leslie K. , Reckhow Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use the case of education interest groups to examine how and when policy changes lead interest groups to polarize in their support for political parties. Using over 145,000 campaign contributions from all 50 states from 2000 to 2017, we test whether the passage of private school choice, charter laws, and labor retrenchment policies led to the polarization of education interest groups over time. In 2000, teachers unions were the dominant group and mostly aligned with Democrats. Meanwhile, Republicans lacked support from any education groups. This pattern was consistent across states. Over time, coalitions in some states became polarized, meaning unions grew even more aligned with Democrats and reform groups with Republicans, while other states did not experience such polarization. We show that private school choice programs, but not labor retrenchment or charter laws, contributed to this changing partisan alignment. Our findings demonstrate that policy feedback can shape both the electoral mobilization and party alignments of interest groups.
Raton Basin Induced Seismicity Is Hosted by Networks of Short Basement Faults and Mimics Tectonic Earthquake Statistics
Authors: Glasgow M. , Schmandt B. , Wang R. , Zhang M. , Bilek S. L. , Kiser E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Raton Basin has been an area of injection induced seismicity for the past two decades. Previously, the reactivated fault zone structures and spatiotemporal response of seismicity to evolving injection have been poorly constrained due to sparse publicly available seismic monitoring. The application of a machine‐learning phase picker to 4 years of continuous seismic data from a local array enables the detection and location of ∼38,000 earthquakes. The events from 2016 to 2020 are ∼2.5–6 km below sea level and range from ML < −1 to 4.2. Most earthquakes occur within previously identified ∼N‐S zones of seismicity, however our new catalog illuminates that these zones are composed of many short faults with variable orientations. The two most active zones, the Vermejo Park and Tercio zones, are potentially linked by small intermediate faults. In total, we find ∼60 short (<3 km long) basement faults with strikes from WNW to NNE. Faulting mechanisms are predominantly normal but some variability, including reverse dip‐slip and oblique‐slip, is observed. The Trinidad fault zone, which previously hosted a Mw 5.3 earthquake in 2011, is quiescent during 2016–2020, likely in response to both slow accumulation of tectonic strain after the 2011 sequence, and the significant decrease (80% reduction) in nearby wastewater injection from 2012 to 2016. Unlike some other regions, where induced seismicity was triggered in response to higher injection rates, the Raton Basin's frequency‐magnitude and spatiotemporal statistics are not distinguishable from tectonic seismicity. The similarity suggests that seismicity in the Raton Basin is predominantly releasing tectonic stress.