bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situation of menstrual management facilities in schools of peri-urban areas of Nepal: WASH, privacy, and healthcare
Authors: Shrestha Sadhana , Shrestha Salina , Ito Yuri , Kobayashi Yuka , Nishida Kei , Futaba Kazama , Malla Rabin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Menstrual management (MM) facilities in schools are neglected in low- and middle-income countries. We examined the existing MM facilities, identified the deficient, and collected students' ideas in peri-urban schools of Nepal. The schools had basic MM facilities including water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructures, gender-segregated toilet facilities with taps, dustbins and running water, provision of emergency sanitary pads, etc. Out of 71 students who reported soiling of dresses with menstrual blood as a common problem, 27% went home and did not return in such situation instead of washing off at school. Forty-six per cent of students used washable absorbents, but washing and drying facilities were lacking, and students adapted by using disposable pads at school and washable at home. Out of 126 students, 106 took days off during menstruation in the past three months with an average of 2.6 days by one student. Sixty-one per cent gave the reason as pain and 39% tiredness for taking days off. Healthcare facilities were lacking in schools, hence, lack of these facilities in schools might be contributing to absenteeism. The traditionally advocated list of MM facilities for schools, largely involving WASH facilities, should be updated, including newly identified factors which were also suggested by students.
Anticipated maximum scale precipitation for calculating the worst-case floods
Authors: Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Tanaka Shigenobu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAgainst increasing number of unprecedented heavy rains and typhoons reflecting climate change, the Japanese Government decided saving life as the top priority considering a ‘worst-case’ scenario. Accordingly, the Flood Risk Management Act was amended in 2015 to use the anticipated maximum scale precipitation (AMSP) for flood inundation calculation. In order to estimate the AMSP, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) chose historical maximum areal precipitation in the form of duration–area–depth (DAD) curves rather than climate change projections' dataset d4PDF. In this paper, policy development and detailed estimation procedures for the AMSP were reviewed and discussed. It was concluded that the current climate change projections are still not accurate enough to be used as the basis for real local operations, while long accumulated ground observations and ground-based radars are available in good quality all over Japan. But at the same time, historical maximum should always be updated as past records are renewed. Also, regional partitioning should not be done at too coarse of scale for proper regionalization of DAD. Such strategy would serve as a useful reference for other nations.
Infrastructure capacity planning for reducing risks of future hydrologic extremes
Authors: Boland John J. , Loucks Daniel Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFloods and droughts and their associated economic, environmental, and social losses or damages are increasing in severity and frequency. Measures taken to reduce these losses or damages stemming from extreme events typically depend on how effective they are in reducing the consequences of having either too much or too little water and for longer periods of time. To identify trade-offs between the annual estimated loss or damage reduction, i.e., the benefits, however measured, and the average annual cost of various damage reduction measures, one can perform risk–cost analyses. Because of climate change, the likelihoods of future hydrologic extremes are both changing and uncertain. Also uncertain are any estimates of future damages that would occur given any specific extreme event. In addition, one cannot be certain of the future costs or benefits of damage reduction measures. This paper outlines a range of practical approaches for identifying these trade-offs, taking into account the uncertainties associated with future damages resulting from any specific flood or drought event, the changing uncertainties of future flood and drought events, and the uncertainty of future damage mitigation costs.
Integrated experimental and theoretical insights for Malachite Green Dye adsorption from wastewater using low cost adsorbent
Authors: Ibrahim EL-Shimaa , Moustafa H. , El-molla Sahar A. , Abdel Halim Shimaa , M. Ibrahim Shaimaa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water pollution is one of the problems that threaten humanity, and to confront it with only experimental procedures is not enough. It is necessary to integrate both practical methods and theoretical calculations to achieve decontamination with the most accurate interpretation. Hence, discussing the experimental mechanism study of Malachite Green (MG) dye adsorption with the help of the application of density functional theory (DFT) calculations is the main goal of this article. The experimental results affirmed that the preparation of γ-Al2O3 by precipitation method using (NH4)2CO3 improved the porosity, the surface capability, and the adsorbent capacities (qmax = 210 mg/g) at optimum condition compared with the previous studies. Kinetic and equilibrium studies showed that the adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Also, the calculated and observed thermodynamic parameters exerted positive values of ΔH° and ΔS°, which translates into an endothermic process with increasing disorder of the system. Theoretical calculations at DFT- B3LYP/6-31G (d,P) level of theory were calculated to show the selectivity of using the cationic form of MG in the experimental measurements to find the interaction mechanism. The electronic structure and intramolecular charge transfer of MG, its cationic form and the complex of MG-Al were investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/6-31 G (d,p) level of theory. The equilibrium geometries of MG, its cationic form and the complex of MG-Al were determined, and it was found that these geometries are non-planar. The EHOMO and ELUMO energies can be used to calculate the global properties; chemical hardness (η), softness (S) and electronegativity (χ). The calculated non-linear optical parameters (NLO) of the studied compounds, the electronic dipole moment (μ), first-order hyperpolarizability (β), the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (βHRS) and the depolarization ratio (DR), showed promising optical properties. Finally, the computational and the experimental results indicated that the adsorption efficiency of MG from wastewater was directly associated with the dye electrophilicity power.
Dynamic and equilibrium precipitation of struvite from the concentrated cellulosic ethanol stillage
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Hogen Tobias , Zhou Kuangxin , Berendts Stefan , Hu Kang , Zhang Yongjun , Geißen Sven-Uwe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phosphate rock mineral is the main source of P-fertilizer production. It is estimated to become depleted in next century. Thus, the recovery of phosphorus from waste streams has attracted great interest. The cellulosic ethanol production is seen as more and more important in future. During the production of cellulosic ethanol, the phosphorus element is released from lignocellulosic biomasses and ends up dissolved as phosphate ions in the stillage stream. In this study, the struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6 H2O) recovery from the concentrated cellulosic ethanol stillage (ES) was conducted under room conditions with an initial pH at 7–9. The effect of Mg2+, PO43−, NH4+ and Ca2+ during struvite precipitation tests was investigated. The optimized pH value for struvite recovery is estimated at 8.5, by which 85% of PO43− and 46% of Mg2+ are removed from the liquid stream. The mass fraction of struvite in recovered crystal sample reaches 82 wt.%. The economic evaluation of struvite recovery from ES was also investigated. This work proves that the struvite is potentially to be recovered with high purity from the concentrated cellulosic ethanol stillage.
Non-coding RNA-Encoded Peptides/Proteins in Human Cancer: The
Future for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bakhti Seyedeh Zahra , Latifi-Navid Saeid 
Published: November 2021

:
Although non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were initially thought to be a class of
RNA transcripts with no encoding capability, it has been established that some ncRNAs
actually contain open reading frames (ORFs), which can be translated into micropeptides
or microproteins. Recent studies have reported that ncRNAs-derived micropeptides/
microproteins have regulatory functions on various biological and oncological processes.
Some of these micropeptides/microproteins act as tumor inhibitors and some as
tumor inducers. Understanding the carcinogenic role of ncRNAs-encoded micropeptides/
microproteins seems to pose potential challenges to cancer research and offer promising
practical perspectives on cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the present
information on the association of ncRNAs-derived micropeptides/microproteins with
different types of human cancers. We also mentioned their carcinogenic mechanisms in
cancer metabolism, signaling pathways, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and
so on. Finally, we discussed the potential clinical value of these micropeptides/
microproteins and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This
information may help discover, optimize, and develop new tools based on biological micropeptides/
microproteins for the early diagnosis and development of anticancer drugs.
Elevated Circulating Thrombomodulin Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Yu-Qian , Wang Zhi-Xin , Xiang Kun , He Yi-Sheng , Feng Ya-Ting , Shuai Zong-Wen , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Thrombomodulin (TM) is closely related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, current evidence on circulating TM levels in SLE patients
is contradictory. We conducted this meta-analysis to more accurately assess circulating TM levels in patients
with SLE and lupus nephritis (LN) and to analyze related influencing factors.

Methods:
Systematic search of relevant documents was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library
databases (up to 28 February 2021). Studies on the comparison of circulating TM between SLE patients
and controls were screened and evaluated for inclusion. Random-effects model analysis was applied to calculate
the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity
was estimated by Q statistics and I2.

Results:
A total of 353 articles were identified, 14 provided adequate information for this study finally. The results
illustrated that SLE patients had higher TM levels than healthy controls (SMD=0.38, 95% CI: 0.02 to
0.74, p=0.04). Circulating TM levels were increased in patients with active SLE compared to inactive SLE patients
(SMD=1.12, 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.20, p=0.04). In addition, circulating TM levels of SLE patients with LN
were higher than those without LN (SMD=4.55, 95% CI: 1.97 to 7.12, p=0.001).

Conclusions:
The circulating TM levels in SLE patients are enhanced. In addition, circulating TM levels may be
practical in reflecting the disease activity and nephritis involvement of SLE patients.
Recent Developments in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostic Applications
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Zheng Mengyuan , Raza Faisal , Liu Yuhao , Wei Yiqi , Qiu Mingfeng , Su Jing 
Published: November 2021

:
Due to the advantages of adjustable pore size, easy surface modification, high biocompatibility, and
so on, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted significant attention. Moreover, they are widely
used in the fields of biology and medical research, mostly focusing on drug and gene delivery and bioimaging.
This review introduces several commonly used synthetic methods of MSNs and the latest progress of MSNs in
tumor therapy and diagnosis, mainly including the study about modified MSNs as drug carriers and the application
of MSNs in bioimaging. The deficiencies of MSNs’ application and prospects for its future clinical transformation
are also discussed.
Changes in John Cunningham Virus Index in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Treated with Different Disease-Modifying Therapies
Authors: Patti Francesco , Sgarlata Eleonora , Chisari Clara Grazia , Toscano Simona , Finocchiaro Chiara , Lo Fermo Salvatore , Millefiorini Enrico 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic
infection caused by John Cunningham virus (JCV) reactivation, potentially associated with natalizumab
(NTZ) treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The anti-JCV antibodies titre (JCV index) increases
during NTZ treatment; however, the effects of other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on
the JCV index have not been fully explored.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the JCV index during treatment with
several DMTs.

Methods:
This longitudinal study evaluated the JCV index before starting DMT (T0) and during
treatment with DMT (T1).

Results:
A total of 260 participants (65.4 % females, mean age 43 ± 11.3 ) were enrolled: 68 (26.2
%) treated with fingolimod (FTY), 65 (25 %) rituximab or ocrelizumab (RTX/OCR), 37 (14.2 %)
dimethyl-fumarate (DMF), 29 (11.2 %) cladribine (CLD), 23 (8.8 %) teriflunomide (TFM), 20 (7.7
%) interferon or glatiramer acetate (IFN/GA), and 18 (6.9 %) alemtuzumab (ALM). At T1, the percentage
of patients with JCV index <0.90 was found to be significantly increased in the ALM group
(16.7 % versus 66.7 %, p = 0.05), while the percentage of patients with JCV index >1.51 was found
to be significantly reduced in the RTX/OCR group (51.6 % versus 37.5 %, p = 0.04). In the FTY
group, a significant reduction in the percentage of patients with JCV index <0.90 was also found
(23.5 % versus 1.4 %, p = 0.0006). The mean JCV index was reduced in the RTX/OCR and ALM
groups, while a significant increase was observed in the FTY group.

Conclusion:
DMTs with a T and/or B depleting mechanism of action induced a significant reduction
in the JCV index. These results may suggest new possible sequencing strategies potentially
maximizing disease control while reducing the PML risk.
Sex-Specific Association between Antioxidant Defense System and Therapeutic
Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal
Study
Authors: Liu Haixia , Liu Hua , Jiang Shuling , Su Lei , Lu Yi , Chen Zhenli , Li Xiaojing , Li Xirong , Wang Xuemei , Xiu Meihong , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: November 2021

Background:
There are various differences in response to different antipsychotics and
antioxidant defense systems (ADS) by sex. Previous studies have shown that several ADS enzymes
are closely related to the treatment response of patients with antipsychotics-naïve first-episode
(ANFE) schizophrenia.

Objective:
Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the sex difference in the relationship
between changes in ADS enzyme activities and risperidone response.

Methods:
The plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase
(SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in 218 patients and 125 healthy
controls. Patients were treated with risperidone for 3 months, and we measured PANSS for psychopathological
symptoms and ADS biomarkers at baseline and at the end of 3 months of treatment.
We compared sex-specific group differences between 50 non-responders and 168 responders at
baseline and at the end of the three months of treatment.

Results:
We found that female patients responded better to risperidone treatment than male patients.
At baseline and 3-month follow-up, there were no significant sex differences in TAS levels and
three ADS enzyme activities. Interestingly, only in female patients, after 12 weeks of risperidone
treatment, the GPx activity of responders was higher than that of non-responders.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that after treatment with risperidone, changes in GPx activity
were associated with treatment response, suggesting that changes in GPx may be a predictor of response
to risperidone treatment in female patients with ANFE schizophrenia.
A Concise Overview on Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Aerosols and
their Commercial Applications
Authors: Mishra Raghav , Agarwal Radhika 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Localized drug delivery to the respiratory system has become an increasingly
successful and essential treatment strategy for several pulmonary diseases, including asthma,
chronic abstractive disease, pneumonia, bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The rising incidence
of respiratory diseases is a significant factor driving the worldwide market for respiratory inhaler
devices.

Objective:
The objective of this article is to present various aspects of pharmaceutical aerosols,
including their types, components, fundamentals, in-process and finished product quality control
tests based on pharmacopeial standards and specifications, and commercial utility considering the
pharmaceutical aerosol dosage forms that have been patented from 2000 to 2020, along with a list
of marketed pharmaceutical products.

Method:
Aerosol, collectively referred to as a pressurized device, operates by triggering an appropriate
valve system with a continuous or metered dosage of tiny mist spray. It is used not only
in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also in the treatment of
cancer, diabetes, migraine, angina pectoris, acute lung injury, bone disorders, tuberculosis, and
many more. A multitude of different variables, including types and properties of propellants, active
substances, containers, valves, actuators, spray patterns, valve crimping efficiency, and particle
size of the aerosols, influence the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical aerosols.

Conclusion:
Based on the current findings, distinct characteristics such as the elimination of firstpass
metabolism, quick drug absorption, ease of therapy termination, as well as a larger surface
area have attributed to the success of pharmaceutical aerosols.
Determinants of Current Account Balance in ASEAN+6
Authors: Purnama Dewi , Budiono Budiono , Priyono Anhar Fauzan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The phenomenon of global current account imbalance has made researchers and policy makers provide more attention on current account issues. This phenomenon is illustrated by the US' current account deficit which continues to increase, while ASEAN+6 reaps a surplus. This study aims to study the factors that affect the aggregate current account in ASEAN+6 that have not been explained by previous studies. Based on the dynamic panel model (GMM) used, it was found that the variables Lagged-current account, ToT, Exchange Rate Stability, and Household Consumption have a significant effect on the aggregate current account in ASEAN+6. On the other hand, the REER and Government Expenditures do not have a significant effect on the ASEAN+6 current account. The benefit of this research is that it can be used for the formulation of current account policies to minimize the government's efforts to overcome a bigger issue: imbalance in balance of payment.Keywords: Current account balance, Generalized Method of Moment, ASEAN+6 Determinan Neraca Transaksi Berjalan di ASEAN+6Abstrak: Fenomena ketidakseimbangan transaksi berjalan global telah membuat para peneliti dan pembuat kebijakan memberikan perhatian lebih pada masalah transaksi berjalan. Fenomena ini tergambar dari defisit transaksi berjalan AS yang terus meningkat, sedangkan ASEAN+6 menuai surplus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi neraca transaksi berjalan agregat di ASEAN+6 yang belum dijelaskan oleh penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan model panel dinamis (GMM) yang digunakan, ditemukan bahwa variabel Lagged-current account, ToT, Exchange Rate Stability, dan Household Consumption berpengaruh signifikan terhadap agregat current account di ASEAN+6. Di sisi lain, REER dan Belanja Pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transaksi berjalan ASEAN+6. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah dapat digunakan untuk perumusan kebijakan transaksi berjalan untuk meminimalkan upaya pemerintah mengatasi masalah yang lebih besar: ketidakseimbangan neraca pembayaran.Kata kunci: Neraca transaksi berjalan, Generalized Method of Moment, ASEAN+6
Prediction of Entrepreneurial Intention and Pre-Start-Up Behaviours on Entrepreneurial Concentrated Students
Authors: Octaviani Fiesta , Renaldi Renaldi , Sihombing Sabrina Oktaria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This study aims to examine the factors that have the potential to influence student’s entrepreneurial intentions using the TPB theory model along with several other factors (i.e., attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, innovation, proactive personality, need for achievement, internal locus of control, risk taking propensity, lifestyle integration, social networking, resources, opportunity recognition, fungibility issues, entrepreneurial intention, and pre-start-up behavior). Data were collected through 222 entrepreneurship concentration students from well-known universities in Indonesia. The structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the research hypotheses. The emergence of significant and positive results among all factors involved, except fungibility issues is evidence of the positive influence of the factors studied on student’s entrepreneurial intentions in Indonesia which are then briefly summarized in the form of conclusions. Keywords: Entrepreneurial intention, theory of planned behavior, pre-start-up behavior, entrepreneurship Prediksi Entrepreneurial Intention dan Pre-Start-Up Behaviour terhadap Mahasiswa Konsentrasi KewirausahaanAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang berpotensi mempengaruhi niat berwirausaha mahasiswa dengan menggunakan model teori TPB beserta beberapa faktor lainnya (yaitu sikap berwirausaha, norma subjektif, persepsi pengendalian perilaku, inovasi, kepribadian proaktif, kebutuhan berprestasi, internal. locus of control, kecenderungan mengambil risiko, integrasi gaya hidup, jejaring sosial, sumber daya, pengenalan peluang, masalah kesepadanan, niat kewirausahaan, dan perilaku pra-start-up). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui 222 mahasiswa konsentrasi kewirausahaan dari universitas ternama di Indonesia. Model persamaan struktural (PLS-SEM) digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Munculnya hasil yang signifikan dan positif di antara semua faktor yang terlibat, kecuali masalah kesepadanan merupakan bukti pengaruh positif dari faktor-faktor yang diteliti terhadap niat berwirausaha mahasiswa di Indonesia yang kemudian dirangkum secara singkat dalam bentuk kesimpulan.Kata kunci: Niat kewirausahaan, teori perilaku terencana, perilaku-pra-start-up, kewirausahaan