bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A game-theoretic multi-stakeholder model for cost allocation in urban consolidation centres
Authors: Ciardiello Francesco , Genovese Andrea , Luo Shucheng , Sgalambro Antonino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, many European local authorities have set up Urban Consolidation Centres (UCC) for dealing with challenges arising from the environmental and social impacts of logistical activities in urban contexts through shipment synchronisation and carrier coordination policies. However, the number of successful UCC projects led by local authorities in Europe is low, with most of the UCCs failing to achieve financial sustainability after the initial experimental phase, which is often heavily supported by public funds. In order to propose mechanisms that could favour the economic and financial sustainability of UCC systems, this research develops an adaptation of game-theoretic approaches to the problems of responsibility and cost allocation among stakeholders participating in a UCC delivery network. A solution based on the Shapley Value concept is employed to derive cost allocations; applications of the model to a real-world scenario are evaluated. An extensive sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed cost allocation rules can provide alternative arrangements, based on extended responsibility concepts, which can alleviate the burden on local authorities for the set up of UCCs. As such, results provide useful policy and practice implications on how to safeguard UCCs’ viability under different scenarios, including the outsourcing of the last-mile deliveries.
Validation of dispersion model designated for the coke production industry
Authors: Żeliński Jacek , Kaleta Dorota , Telenga-Kopyczyńska Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the practical application of air protection, diverse dispersion models are used to calculate the concentration of contaminants in the air. They usually involve a universal character, which typically makes them sufficient for use in almost all conditions, with the exception of those clearly deviating from the average. This is especially relevant to industrial objects of large areas, introducing a great amount of heat and mechanical energy into the air. For such cases, the standard models can be extended in order to adapt them to the unusual local diffusion conditions. Next, to be applied in practice, they must have undergone validation to document the correctness of its operation. The article describes the process of validation of the air quality assessment model containing extended procedures to incorporate special factors affecting atmospheric dispersion in a coke industry. The set of statistical indicators, obtained on the basis of SF6 field experiment, evaluate its performance. The short comparison with some popular models of general-purpose character and an assessment of the suitability of individual indicators for validation purposes are also presented.
Coupling a Detailed Transport Model to the Integrated Assessment Model REMIND
Authors: Rottoli Marianna , Dirnaichner Alois , Kyle Page , Baumstark Lavinia , Pietzcker Robert , Luderer Gunnar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe transport sector is a crucial bottleneck in the decarbonization challenge. To study the sector’s decarbonization potential in the wider systems perspective, we couple a large-scale integrated assessment model, Regionalized Model of INvestments and Development (REMIND), to a detailed transport model, Energy Demand Generator-Transport (EDGE-T). This approach allows the analysis of mobility futures in the context of long-term and global energy sector transformations, at a high level of modal and technological granularity and internal consistency. The runtime of the coupled system increases by ~ 15–20% compared with a REMIND standalone application, and first convergence tests are promising. To illustrate the capabilities of our modeling approach, we focus on a reference pathway for Europe. Preliminary results indicate that transport service demands grow in the next decades for both passenger and freight transport. Transport system emissions are expected to decrease in the same time range, due to a shift towards electric drivetrains, advanced vehicles, more efficient modes as well as a slight increase in the share of biofuels.
The Motor Neuron-Like Cell Line NSC-34 and Its Parent Cell Line N18TG2 Have Glycogen that is Degraded Under Cellular Stress
Authors: Pfeiffer-Guglielmi Brigitte , Jansen Ralf-Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBrain glycogen has a long and versatile history: Primarily regarded as an evolutionary remnant, it was then thought of as an unspecific emergency fuel store. A dynamic role for glycogen in normal brain function has been proposed later but exclusively attributed to astrocytes, its main storage site. Neuronal glycogen had long been neglected, but came into focus when sensitive technical methods allowed quantification of glycogen at low concentration range and the detection of glycogen metabolizing enzymes in cells and cell lysates. Recently, an active role of neuronal glycogen and even its contribution to neuronal survival could be demonstrated. We used the neuronal cell lines NSC-34 and N18TG2 and could demonstrate that they express the key-enzymes of glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase and contain glycogen which is mobilized on glucose deprivation and elevated potassium concentrations, but not by hormones stimulating cAMP formation. Conditions of metabolic stress, namely hypoxia, oxidative stress and pH lowering, induce glycogen degradation. Our studies revealed that glycogen can contribute to the energy supply of neuronal cell lines in situations of metabolic stress. These findings shed new light on the so far neglected role of neuronal glycogen. The key-enzyme in glycogen degradation is glycogen phosphorylase. Neurons express only the brain isoform of the enzyme that is supposed to be activated primarily by the allosteric activator AMP and less by covalent phosphorylation via the cAMP cascade. Our results indicate that neuronal glycogen is not degraded upon hormone action but by factors lowering the energy charge of the cells directly.
Mental Imagery in Patients with Prolonged Grief Disorder: a Comparison with Matched Bereaved Healthy Controls
Authors: Harrison Octavia , Wiedenmann Claudio , Rosner Rita , Steil Regina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMental imagery is a transdiagnostic feature that has been increasingly researched in mental disorders in the past years. This study is the first to investigate mental imagery in individuals suffering from Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), a new disorder which will be included into the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11).Our objective was to find out to what extent patients suffering from PGD differ from healthy, but equally bereaved, controls in terms of mental imagery, and how mental imagery is related to psychopathology. Patients with PGD and matched bereaved healthy controls (n = 54) completed a mental imagery questionnaire specifically designed for the study, and other established measures of psychopathology. Patients suffering from PGD reported mental images more frequently, had less control over them, and described negative images as more vivid than did healthy controls. Also, in reaction to mental images, patients less frequently experienced joy, but more often grief, anger and guilt. Besides these group differences, significant correlations between mental imagery other psychopathological measures could be found. Mental imagery is clearly related to PGD. The underlying mechanisms on whether it is a developing or maintaining factor need to be addressed in future studies. Future research should also investigate in what way mental imagery might be used in therapeutic approaches.
Threats to epistemic agency in young people with unusual experiences and beliefs
Authors: Houlders Joseph W. , Bortolotti Lisa , Broome Matthew R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA good therapeutic relationship in mental health services is a predictor of positive clinical outcomes for people who seek help for distressing experiences, such as voice hearing and paranoia. One factor that may affect the quality of the therapeutic relationship and raises further ethical issues is the impact of the clinical encounter on users’ sense of self, and in particular on their sense of agency. In the paper, we discuss some of the reasons why the sense of epistemic agency may be especially fragile in young people with unusual experiences and beliefs. We argue that it is important to identify and avoid behaviours that can undermine young people’s contributions as epistemic agents in the clinical encounter.
Investigating the Effects of Surface Adsorbates on Gold and Palladium Deposition on Carbon
Authors: Bowden Bethany , Davies-Jones Josh A. , Davies Matthew , Davies Philip R. , Morgan David J. , Sainna Mala A. , Willock David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface functional groups have a strong influence on the deposition and final state of nanoparticles adsorbed on to the surface, a role discussed by Professor Spencer in his work. This tribute to Spencer explores the formation of hydroxyls, thiosulfates, sulfites and sulfur atoms on carbon (HOPG) surfaces and their effect on the deposition of gold and palladium from aqueous solutions. Hydroxyls formed from ammonium hydroxide treatment have identical behaviour to those formed by acid treatment, and gold adsorption from Au3+ solutions gives Au0 initially, with Au3+ formed at higher concentrations on these surfaces. In contrast, palladium adsorption is hindered by the presence of the hydroxyls and there is no indication of any reduction to the metallic state. Ammonium thiosulfate adsorbs dissociatively from aqueous solutions on HOPG if the surface is pre-activated by the presence of surface hydroxyls. At low concentrations of ammonium thiosulfate, adsorbed sulfite and sulfur are formed in equimolar concentrations whereas adsorption of high concentrations of ammonium thiosulfate gives some degree of molecular adsorption, with evidence in XP spectra for an ammonium ion and a sulfur 2p peak at 282.9 eV attributed to the undissociated thiosulfate ion. Both sulfur and the sulfite are stable at the surface in neutral solutions but the sulfite desorbs when treated with acidified solutions (~ pH ≤ 6). These two groups are also stable at 373 K but begin to desorb by 473 K. Exposure to a weak chloroauric acid solution causes the desorption of the sulfite and formation of a gold species with an XP binding energy of 84.6 eV; we cannot determine from the present data whether this peak is due to a Au(I) state or very small nanoparticles of Au(0).
Graphic Abstract
Postprandial Normoglycemic Hypokalemia—an Overlooked Complication to Gastric Bypass Surgery?
Authors: Abrahamsson Niclas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObesity is one of the major health problems of the world, and one of the most common surgical treatments is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. This can however lead to problems with postprandial hypoglycemia, but sometimes, the meal test does not render any signs of hypoglycemia. Here, 3 cases are presented with postprandial normoglycemic hypokalemia.
Graphical abstract
The Regulation of Farmer’s Privilege Under Vietnamese IP Law and the Law of the European Union
Authors: Nguyen Ho Bich Hang , Weckström Lindroos Katja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention 1991 (UPOV Convention) recognizes the need to protect plant breeders’ legitimate interests. Without breeders’ innovations, new high-productivity plant varieties can neither be created nor contribute to society as a whole. Without these new varieties, it is impossible to create new high-yield generations of plants for the benefit of society. The absolute protection of breeders’ rights, however, would create many negative impacts for society. In particular, farmers would have to pay higher prices for seeds if breeders’ exclusive rights were to be overprotected, which would also mean consumers having to pay more for basic foodstuffs. This would lead to food insecurity nationally or even globally, in contravention of the right to food as recognized by Art. 25 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. These situations represent the dilemmas that governments have to cope with in developing national economies. The concept of farmer’s privilege is an exemption that the UPOV Convention recognizes in order to balance benefits between breeders and farmers. Under the optional exception set out in Art. 15(2) of the UPOV Convention, Contracting Parties may adopt the farmer’s privilege exemption in national law. Vietnam’s Law on Intellectual Property contains the farmer’s privilege exemption, yet there are many loopholes regarding this provision, and in reality, its application is limited. This article analyzes European Union regulation on farmer’s privilege and the way in which this exception has been interpreted, and compares and applies it to the Vietnamese law.
African American Unemployment and the Disparity in Periviable Births
Authors: Catalano Ralph , Karasek Deborah , Bruckner Tim , Casey Joan A. , Saxton Katherine , Ncube Collette N. , Shaw Gary M. , Elser Holly , Gemmill Alison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeriviable infants (i.e., born before 26 complete weeks of gestation) represent fewer than .5% of births in the US but account for 40% of infant mortality and 20% of billed hospital obstetric costs. African American women contribute about 14% of live births in the US, but these include nearly a third of the country’s periviable births. Consistent with theory and with periviable births among other race/ethnicity groups, males predominate among African American periviable births in stressed populations. We test the hypothesis that the disparity in periviable male births among African American and non-Hispanic white populations responds to the African American unemployment rate because that indicator not only traces, but also contributes to, the prevalence of stress in the population. We use time-series methods that control for autocorrelation including secular trends, seasonality, and the tendency to remain elevated or depressed after high or low values. The racial disparity in male periviable birth increases by 4.45% for each percentage point increase in the unemployment rate of African Americans above its expected value. We infer that unemployment—a population stressor over which our institutions exercise considerable control—affects the disparity between African American and non-Hispanic white periviable births in the US.
3D-semantic segmentation and classification of stomach infections using uncertainty aware deep neural networks
Authors: Amin Javaria , Sharif Muhammad , Gul Eman , Nayak Ramesh Sunder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) might move through human body and captures the small bowel and captures the video and require the analysis of all frames of video due to which the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections by the physician is a tedious task. This tiresome assignment has fuelled the researcher’s efforts to present an automated technique for gastrointestinal infections detection. The segmentation of stomach infections is a challenging task because the lesion region having low contrast and irregular shape and size. To handle this challenging task, in this research work a new deep semantic segmentation model is suggested for 3D-segmentation of the different types of stomach infections. In the segmentation model, deep labv3 is employed as a backbone of the ResNet-50 model. The model is trained with ground-masks and accurately performs pixel-wise classification in the testing phase. Similarity among the different types of stomach lesions accurate classification is a difficult task, which is addressed in this reported research by extracting deep features from global input images using a pre-trained ResNet-50 model. Furthermore, the latest advances in the estimation of uncertainty and model interpretability in the classification of different types of stomach infections is presented. The classification results estimate uncertainty related to the vital features in input and show how uncertainty and interpretability might be modeled in ResNet-50 for the classification of the different types of stomach infections. The proposed model achieved up to 90% prediction scores to authenticate the method performance.
Exploring the disparity of influence between users in the discussion of Brexit on Twitter
Authors: Rajabi Amirarsalan , Mantzaris Alexander V. , Atwal Kuldip Singh , Garibay Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe topic of political polarization has received increased attention for valid reasons. Given that an increased amount of the social exchange for opinions happens online, social media platforms provide a good source of information to investigate various aspects of the phenomena. In this work, data collected from Twitter are used to examine polarization surrounding the topic of the Brexit referendum on the membership of the European Union. The analysis specifically focuses on the question of how different tiers of users in terms of influence can project their opinions and if the polarized conditions affect the relative balance in the broadcast capabilities of the tiers. The results show that during polarization periods, users of the higher tier have increased capabilities to broadcast their information in relation to the lower tiers thereby further dominating the discussion. This validates previous modeling investigations and the hypothesis that polarization provides an opportunity for influencers to increase their relative social capital.
78511 Synthesis of Novel Core/Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Hahn Braden 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This work will develop a novel drug delivery system that has improved biocompatibility and controlled release than current systems and allow for customizable loading and drug delivery to unique patient and treatment requirements. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of my project is a novel hybrid core/shell nanoparticle system for controlling in vivo chemotherapeutic concentration. The current goal is to confirm core and shell polymeric nanoparticle formation via emulsion technique and validate predictive model developed to optimize shell formation efficiency and control shell thickness. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Though early results are promising, they are not proof that the desired core/shell structure is being formed via my novel process. I constructed a theoretical model to use to optimize and control the process for precise shell thicknesses. Therefore, the current experimental plan focus is to not only visually confirm the predicted formation of my core/shell design but use these experiments to validate the model.
1.Gel-Suspended SEM: nanoparticles suspended in gel matrix, bisected to reveal inner structure2.Fluorescent Conjugation Microscopy: visually-distinct dyes used to show polymer distribution and validated against the theoretical model predictions.3.Modified Hydrophobic Dye Release: different mixtures of polymers with release showing if previous promising results due to core/shell structure RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: As stated, the experiments will confirm the core/shell nanoparticle structure, validate the developed theoretical model, or provide direct evidence against any formation. This core/shell structure is key to the current design for controlling payload release rate and thus in vivo drug concentration. For the gel-suspension experiment, the interior core will be labeled with ultrasmall SPIONs and thus any layers within the particles will be distinct. While this result is qualitative, high magnification fluorescent microscope images will be analyzed using image processing software to determine core/shell formation efficiency and compared to estimated efficiencies from the model. Finally, the mixed release will clarify previous experiments’ release mechanism and either support or disprove shell influence. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The significance of this work is twofold: core/shell particles have been proven to provide variable control of release on the micron scale but not yet at the nanoscale, allowing for a circulating, targeted system that can finely control release. The process is also novel for producing this type of structure, at highly consistent quality and size.
12621 Targeted Chemical-Genetic Screen Platform for Identifying Drug Modes-of-Action
Authors: Lin Kevin , Billmann Maximilian , Ward Henry , Chang Ya-Chu , Bielinsky Anja-Katrin , Myers Chad L. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The key to advancing precision medicine is to deepen our understanding of drug modes-of-action (MOA). This project aims to develop a novel method for predicting MOA of potential drug compounds, providing an experimental and computational platform for more efficient drug discovery. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To develop (1) a targeted CRISPR-Cas9 chemical-genetic screen approach, and (2) a computational method to predict drug mode-of-action from chemical-genetic interaction profiles. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Screening drugs against a gene deletion library can identify knockouts that modulate drug sensitivity. These chemical-genetic interaction (CGI) screens can be performed in human cell lines using a pooled lentiviral CRISPR-Cas9 approach to assess drug sensitivity/resistance of single-gene knockouts across the human genome. A targeted, rather than genome-wide, library can enable scaling these screens across many drugs.CGI profiles can be derived from phenotypic screen readouts. These profiles are analogous to genetic interaction (GI) profiles, which represent sensitivity/resistance of gene knockouts to a second gene knockout rather than a drug. To computationally predict a drug’s genetic target, we leverage the property that a drug’s CGI profile will be similar to its target’s GI profile. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five proof-of-principle screens will be conducted with compounds that have existing genome-wide profiles and well-characterized MOA. I will generate CGI profiles for these five compounds and identify genes that are drug-sensitizers or drug-suppressors. I will then evaluate whether targeted library screens can recapitulate the CGIs found in genome-wide screens. Finally, I will develop a computational tool to integrate these CGI profiles with GI profiles (derived from another project) to predict gene-level and bioprocess-level drug targets. These predictions (from both targeted and genome-wide profiles) will be benchmarked against a drug-target and drug-bioprocess standard. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This work will develop a scalable, targeted chemical-genetic screen approach to discovering how putative therapeutics work. The targeted screen workflow provides a method for higher-throughput drug screening. The computational pipeline provides a powerful tool for exploring the MOA of uncharacterized drugs or repurposing FDA-approved drugs.