bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control
Authors: Jallow Abdoulie , Xie Huali , Tang Xiaoqian , Qi Zhang , Li Peiwu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAflatoxins represent a global public health and economic concern as they are responsible for significant adverse health and economic issues affecting consumers and farmers worldwide. Produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus genus, aflatoxins are a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic group of fungal metabolites that routinely contaminate food and agricultural products. Climate and diet are essential factors in the aflatoxin contamination of food and subsequent human exposure process. Countries with warmer climates and staple foods that are aflatoxin‐susceptible shoulder a substantial portion of the global aflatoxins burden. Enactment of regulations, prevention of pre‐ and postharvest contamination, decontamination, and detoxification have been used to prevent human dietary exposure to aflatoxin. Exploiting their chemical and structural properties, means are devised to detect and quantify aflatoxin presence in foods. Herein, recent developments in several important aspects impacting aflatoxin contamination of the food supply, including: fungal producers of the toxin, occurrence in food, worldwide regulations, detection methods, preventive strategies, and removal and degradation methods were reviewed and presented. In conclusion, aflatoxin continues to be a major food safety problem, especially in developing countries where regulatory limits do not exist or are not adequately enforced. Finally, knowledge gaps and current challenges in each discussed aspect were identified, and new solutions were proposed.
The effect of person, treatment and prescriber characteristics on retention in opioid agonist treatment: a 15‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bharat Chrianna , Larney Sarah , Barbieri Sebastiano , Dobbins Timothy , Jones Nicola R. , Hickman Matthew , Gisev Natasa , Ali Robert , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is limited evidence on the relationship between retention in opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence and characteristics of treatment prescribers. This study estimated retention in buprenorphine and methadone treatment and its relationship with person, treatment and prescriber characteristics.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsPeople entering the opioid agonist treatment programme for the first time between August 2001 and December 2015.MeasurementsTime in opioid agonist treatment (primary outcome) was modelled using a generalized estimating equation model to estimate associations with person, treatment and prescriber characteristics.FindingsThe impact of medication type on opioid agonist treatment retention reduced over time; the risk of leaving treatment when on buprenorphine compared with methadone was higher among those who entered treatment earlier [e.g. 2001–03: odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–1.75] and lowest among those who entered most recently (2013–15: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11–1.36). In adjusted analyses, risk of leaving was reduced among people whose prescriber had longer tenure of prescribing (e.g. 3 versus 8 years: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.93–0.95) compared with prescribers with shorter tenure. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, being of younger age, past‐year psychosis disorder and having been convicted of more criminal charges in the year prior to treatment entry were associated with increased risk of leaving treatment.ConclusionIn New South Wales, Australia, retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence, compared with methadone, has improved over time since its introduction in 2001. Opioid agonist treatment retention is affected not only by characteristics of the person and his or her treatment, but also of the prescriber, with those of longer prescribing tenure associated with increased retention of people in opioid agonist treatment.
Benralizumab improves symptoms of patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma with a diagnosis of nasal polyposis
Authors: Canonica Giorgio Walter , Harrison Tim W. , Chanez Pascal , Menzella Francesco , Louis Renaud , Cosio Borja G. , Lugogo Njira L. , Mohan Arjun , Burden Annie , Garcia Gil Esther 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinically meaningful improvement in the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) was observed in patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma, and nasal polyposis (NP) treated with benralizumab in the ANDHI trial. A post hoc assessment of the effects of benralizumab on SNOT‐22 response and asthma efficacy measures in these patients was conducted for further characterization of the efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma and NP.MethodsAdults with severe, eosinophilic asthma who had experienced ≥2 prior‐year exacerbations despite high‐dosage inhaled corticosteroid plus additional controller[s] were randomized to 24 weeks of benralizumab or placebo. Patients with physician‐diagnosed chronic rhinosinusitis with NP of any severity ongoing at baseline who consented to participate were included in the current ANDHI NP substudy population. Effect on NP symptoms was assessed by the SNOT‐22, with an improvement of at least 8.9 defined as clinically significant (responder). Effects on chronic asthma outcomes were assessed by means of annualized asthma exacerbation rate (AER), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and Asthma Control Questionnaire‐6 (ACQ‐6). All p‐values were nominal.ResultsOf the ANDHI population (n = 656), 23% (n = 153) participated in the NP substudy (n = 96 benralizumab; n = 57 placebo). Patients were 50% female, with mean age of 53 years, had prior‐year AER = 3.3; mean pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 = 55% predicted; and median blood eosinophil count ​= 510 cells/µl. For patients with high baseline SNOT‐22 scores (>30), benralizumab treatment improved symptoms of NP as measured by SNOT‐22 from baseline to Week 24 compared with placebo (Week 24: −10.44 [p = .0176]). Percentage of responders to SNOT‐22 was greater for benralizumab vs. placebo (71.3% vs. 45.5%; p = .0036), and effect was enhanced for patients with high baseline SNOT‐22 scores (>30). A 69% reduction vs. placebo in annualized AER (0.77 vs. 2.47; p < .0001) and greater clinically meaningful improvements from baseline in SGRQ total score (−16.7), FEV1 (+0.32 L), and ACQ‐6 (–0.88) were observed (p < .0001). Benralizumab was well‐tolerated. Frequency of adverse events (AEs) was similar for benralizumab (76.0%) and placebo (73.7%) groups. Most common AEs (frequency ≥5%) reported at a greater frequency in benralizumab vs. placebo included headache, sinusitis, pyrexia, and influenza.ConclusionsThese substudy data from ANDHI demonstrated the efficacy profile of benralizumab for patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma and NP, with improvement in SNOT‐22 and asthma outcomes.
How workers mobilize in financializing firms: A theory of discursive opportunism
Authors: Rothstein Sidney A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFirms’ increasing focus on financial markets has undermined employment conditions, as well as workers’ ability to mobilize. Taking a discursive approach to employment relations under financialization, this article develops a theory of discursive opportunism (DO) to explain how organizers can adopt management's discursive techniques for control and transform them into resources for collective action. The article makes two contributions. First, it illustrates that management's turn to market discourse under financialization varies across individual workplaces, even within a single firm. Second, it offers a theory of DO to explain how organizers can mobilize workers in financializing firms when they develop tactics appropriate to a workplace's distinctive discursive context. A comparative case study of tech workers responding to mass layoffs provides empirical support for this theory, showing that organizers’ tactics are critical to shaping the path of financialization at the workplace level.
Is the Incredible Years parenting programme predictive of case closure in child protection services for neglect? A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Leclair Mallette Isabelle‐Ann , Letarte Marie‐Josée , Hélie Sonia , Sicotte Roxanne , Temcheff Caroline E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study, conducted in a real‐world setting, evaluated the effect of a parenting programme offered to families receiving child protection services (CPS) for child neglect. With a retrospective quasi‐experimental design, the study used administrative data to examine the association between participation in the Incredible Years® (IY) parenting programme and the likelihood that the family's CPS case file would be closed. The intervention group included all children involved with CPS for neglect who had at least one parent who participated in the IY between 2007 and 2015 (n = 299) whereas the comparison group consisted of 299 children with substantiated neglect but who received care as usual in CPS, during the same time period. The children were matched by a propensity score calculated using several variables. A Cox regression comparing intervention and comparison groups revealed that the participation in the programme increased the probability of case closure by 43%. Thus, participation in the programme can contribute to restoring the family's ability to care for the child, thus reducing the time spent in CPS.
Skin manifestations as potential symptoms of diffuse vascular injury in criticalCOVID‐19 patients
Authors: Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan Afsaneh , Rezai Mahdi , Najar Nobari Niloufar , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a respiratory viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, COVID‐19 became rapidly pandemic within a few months. Despite the wide range of manifestations and organ involvement in COVID‐19 patients, the exact pathogenesis of severe and fatal types of COVID‐19 and causes involved with the individual base of the disease is not yet understood. Several studies have reported clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data in favor of vascular injury in multiple organs of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 as a result of hyperactive immune response, inflammation, and cytokine storm. Also, both clinical and histopathological evidence points to such vascular involvements in the skin. Given the ease of clinical examinations and skin biopsy and the lower risks of transmission of COVID‐19 to healthcare workers, the present review article was conducted to investigate the vascular skin manifestations of COVID‐19 patients clinically and/or histopathologically as helpful clues for better understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the prognosis of the disease, especially in severe cases.
Tattoos – mehr als nur kolorierte Haut? Auf der Suche nach Tattoo‐Allergenen
Authors: Weiß Katharina T. , Schreiver Ines , Siewert Katherina , Luch Andreas , Haslböck Birgit , Berneburg Mark , Bäumler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungBeim Tätowieren wird eine erhebliche Menge an Tinte in die Haut eingestochen. Tätowiertinten enthalten zahlreiche Inhaltsstoffe, dazu zählen Farbpigmente, Verunreinigungen, Lösungsmittel, Emulgatoren und Konservierungsmittel. Schwarze amorphe Kohlenstoffpartikel (Carbon Black), weißes Titandioxid, Azo‐ oder polyzyklische Pigmente lassen alle möglichen Farbnuancen im sichtbaren Spektrum entstehen. Einige Inhaltsstoffe von Tätowiertinten können gefährliche und allergieauslösende Chemikalien mit unbekanntem Gefahrenpotenzial sein. In Deutschland sind etwa 20 % der Bevölkerung tätowiert und es wird zunehmend über die damit einhergehenden unerwünschten Wirkungen berichtet. Da Tätowiernadeln unweigerlich die Haut verletzen, können Mikroorganismen in die Wunde eindringen und Infektionen verursachen. Während oder nach der Wundheilung kann es sowohl zu nichtallergischen Entzündungsreaktionen (zum Beispiel kutanen Granulomen und Pseudolymphomen) als auch zu allergischen Reaktionen kommen. Besonders bei den Allergien, die nach Wochen, Monaten oder sogar Jahren auftreten können, bleibt es schwierig, den oder die auslösenden Substanzen zu identifizieren.Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst mögliche unerwünschte Wirkungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Tätowieren zusammen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Allergieentstehung liegt. Bislang wurden relevante Allergene nur selten identifiziert. Im Folgenden stellen wir etablierte Methoden vor und diskutieren aktuelle experimentelle Ansätze zur Identifizierung von Allergenen in Tätowiertinten – über Tests am Patienten und in vitro.
Characterizing the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in neutrophilic dermatoses
Authors: Eid Edward , Safi Rémi , El Hasbani Georges , Aftimos Valérie , Abbas Ossama , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani , Nassar Dany 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory dermatoses. However, characterization of NETs in neutrophilic dermatoses was performed on very limited number of patients; this limitation precluded definitive conclusions. In this case series of 57 patients, we compared the amounts of neutrophils producing NETs in cutaneous lesions of different entities of neutrophilic dermatoses (17 with pyoderma gangrenosum, 37 with Sweet's syndrome and three with subcorneal pustular dermatosis). NETs were identified by double immunofluorescence on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin biopsies using antibodies against elastase and citrullinated histone 3. Percentages of neutrophils showing NETs were high across all three entities (62.9% in PG, 48.5% in SS and 37.8% in subcorneal pustular dermatosis). The differences in mean percentages were significant between entities, with PG showing significantly superior percentage of NETs compared with SS. In our series, 15.8% of neutrophilic dermatoses were associated with malignancies, 10.5% with autoimmune diseases and 73.7% were idiopathic. Percentages of NETs were not statistically different between aetiologies. These findings suggest that NETs are abundantly produced in the various entities and different aetiologies of neutrophilic dermatoses. In comparison with SS, the superior percentage of NETs in PG is clinically mirrored in its greater ulceronecrotic nature.
Teaching intercultural citizenship through intercultural service learning in world language education
Authors: Barili Amelia , Byram Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobalization and internationalization have created a need for dialog among people of different persuasions in our own societies and beyond. Language teachers can meet this challenge through the concepts of intercultural citizenship and intercultural service learning, renewing emphasis on educational and humanistic aims as well as instrumental. Students in an advanced Spanish course volunteered in a school and a legal center, interacting one‐on‐one with unaccompanied minors and immigrants fleeing Central America. The evaluation focused on the impact on learners’ understanding of the society in which they live, and perceptions of their own language learning during their work as active citizens. Data from students' academic blogs and diaries were analyzed thematically. They show a heightened awareness of language competence, as students use their knowledge of Spanish in their voluntary work, and increased intercultural competence in students' reports on their critical evaluation of perspectives and practices in their own culture and those of others.
Oxytocin receptor activation does not mediate associative fear deficits in a Williams Syndrome model
Authors: Nygaard Kayla R. , Swift Raylynn G. , Glick Rebecca M. , Wagner Rachael E. , Maloney Susan E. , Gould Georgianna G. , Dougherty Joseph D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWilliams Syndrome results in distinct behavioral phenotypes, which include learning deficits, anxiety, increased phobias and hypersociability. While the underlying mechanisms driving this subset of phenotypes is unknown, oxytocin (OT) dysregulation is hypothesized to be involved as some studies have shown elevated blood OT and altered OT receptor expression in patients. A “Complete Deletion” (CD) mouse, modeling the hemizygous deletion in Williams Syndrome, recapitulates many of the phenotypes present in humans. These CD mice also exhibit impaired fear responses in the conditioned fear task. Here, we address whether OT dysregulation is responsible for this impaired associative fear memory response. We show direct delivery of an OT receptor antagonist to the central nervous system did not rescue the attenuated contextual or cued fear memory responses in CD mice. Thus, increased OT signaling is not acutely responsible for this phenotype. We also evaluated OT receptor and serotonin transporter availability in regions related to fear learning, memory and sociability using autoradiography in wild type and CD mice. While no differences withstood correction, we identified regions that may warrant further investigation. There was a nonsignificant decrease in OT receptor expression in the lateral septal nucleus and nonsignificant lowered serotonin transporter availability in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. Together, these data suggest the fear conditioning anomalies in the Williams Syndrome mouse model are independent of any alterations in the oxytocinergic system caused by deletion of the Williams locus.
Gerodontology in the dental school curriculum: A scoping review
Authors: Nilsson Angie , Young Louise , Glass Beverley , Lee Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the current status of gerodontology in the undergraduate dental curriculum.BackgroundInternationally, there is recognition for the need to include gerodontology in dental education due to accelerating numbers of older dentate people. There is wide variation in the content and method of delivery of gerodontology in undergraduate curricula of dental schools.MethodsA scoping review framework was chosen to identify existing gaps and key concepts in the research on current undergraduate gerodontology education. Arksey and O’Malley's framework was used with the qualitative data analysis software NVivo to identify comparable information on geriatric dental education.ResultsFive themes were highlighted in the studies including (1) gerodontology curriculum content, (2) attitudes, skills and knowledge of undergraduate dental students, (3) didactic teaching, (4) elective and compulsory teaching, and (5) extra‐mural learning. The review found large variations in methodologies, presentation of data and findings. All studies emphasised a need for greater inclusion of gerodontology content in the undergraduate dental curriculum.ConclusionThe review found limited research reporting on the educational outcomes of gerodontology in dental curricula with a lack of comprehensive information to inform gerodontology content in dental schools. This review has highlighted the need for national and international guidelines to ensure mandatory inclusion of sufficient and specific gerodontology training to prepare graduates for a growing dentate frail and care‐dependent population.
Broaching overweight and obesity at maternity and child health clinics
Authors: Mäenpää Tiina , Vuori Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim was to describe the experiences of nurses in broaching the issue of overweight and obesity at maternity and child health clinics.BackgroundThe mother's obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy and rapid weight gain in early childhood increase the risk of obesity of the newborn baby both in childhood and throughout life. Attention must be paid to the prevention of weight gain in families already during pregnancy and before school age.MethodsInformants were nurses working at maternity and child health clinics (N = 28). The qualitative data were collected by a focus group interview in spring 2016 and analysed using inductive content analysis.FindingsThe nurses interviewed considered it their duty to broach the issue and felt that they have sufficient courage to bring up overweight. They sometimes found it frustrating to talk about overweight and obesity, because families do not commit themselves to making lifestyle changes, and changes happen slowly. Nurses found the lasting relationship with families helpful for bringing up overweight.ConclusionNurses need more broaching skills, more training, supervising and tools for bringing up overweight and obesity with client families. The continuity of care in primary health care supports bringing up overweight.
Prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease linked to prognosis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients: a multi‐centre cohort study
Authors: Tinggaard A. B. , Hjuler K. F. , Andersen I. T. , Winther S. , Iversen L. , Bøttcher M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives(i) To estimate the prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease and (ii) to assess the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a large‐scale cohort of patients referred to coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with follow‐up of 46,022 patients based on data from a Danish national CTA registry. Exposure was defined as psoriasis or PsA. A group of patients without psoriasis, PsA or any other inflammatory disease was used as reference. Cross‐sectional primary outcomes were a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) >0 and CACS ≥400, and secondary outcome was obstructive CAD. At follow‐up, the primary outcome was a composite endpoint of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality. All outcomes were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsWe identified 1356 psoriasis and 370 PsA patients. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for psoriasis patients for CACS >0, CACS ≥400 and obstructive CAD was 1.26 (1.10–1.46), 1.25 (1.04–1.50) and 1.14 (0.98–1.33), respectively. For PsA patients, OR for CACS >0 was 1.28 (1.00–1.64). We found a crude hazard ratio (HR) of 1.49 (1.21–1.85) and adjusted HR of 1.14 (0.92–1.41) for the primary outcome in psoriasis patients.ConclusionsIn this population, both psoriasis and PsA were associated with an increased prevalence of coronary calcification. Psoriasis patients also showed an increased prevalence of severe calcification. Psoriasis patients were at increased risk for cardiovascular events and death, however not after adjusting for the effect of other predictors.