bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Assisted Identification of Bioindicators Predicts Medium-Chain Carboxylate Production Performance of An Anaerobic Mixed Culture
Authors: Liu Bin , Sträuber Heike , Saraiva Joao Pedro , Harms Hauke , Silva Sandra Godinho , Kasmanas Jonas Coelho , Kleinsteuber Sabine , Rocha Ulisses 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The ability to quantitatively predict ecophysiological functions of microbial communities provides an important step to engineer microbiota for desired functions related to specific biochemical conversions. Here, we present the quantitative prediction of medium-chain carboxylate production in two continuous anaerobic bioreactors from 16S rRNA gene dynamics in enriched communities. Results: By progressively shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 8 days to 2 days with different temporal schemes in two bioreactors operated for 211 days, we achieved higher productivities and yields of the target products n -caproate and n ‑caprylate. The datasets generated from each bioreactor were applied independently for training and testing machine learning algorithms using 16S rRNA genes to predict n -caproate and n ‑caprylate productivities. Our dataset consisted of 14 and 40 samples from HRT of 8 and 2 days, respectively. Because of the size and balance of our dataset, we compared linear regression, support vector machine and random forest regression algorithms using the original and balanced datasets generated using synthetic minority oversampling. Further, we performed cross validation to estimate model stability. The random forest regression was the best algorithm producing more consistent results with median of error rates below 8%. More than 90% accuracy in the prediction of n -caproate and n -caprylate productivities was achieved. Four inferred bioindicators belonging to the genera Olsenella, Lactobacillus, Syntrophococcus and Clostridium IV suggest their relevance to the higher carboxylate productivity at shorter HRT. The recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes of these bioindicators confirmed their genetic potential to perform key steps of medium-chain carboxylate production. Conclusions: Shortening the hydraulic retention time of the continuous bioreactor systems allows to shape the communities with desired chain elongation functions. Using machine learning, we demonstrated that 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data can be used to predict bioreactor process performance quantitatively and accurately. Characterising and harnessing bioindicators holds promise to manage reactor microbiota towards selection of the target processes. Our mathematical framework is transferrable to other ecosystem processes and microbial systems where community dynamics is linked to key functions. The general methodology used here can be adapted to data types of other functional categories such as genes, transcripts, proteins or metabolites.
Accesibilidad en el centro histórico de Guayaquil: análisis de la calle Boyacá
Authors: Santana Moncayo César , Maroto Zamora Dennis 
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente escrito es evaluar la accesibilidad y características de diseños existentes en una de las calles más antiguas de Guayaquil y su centro histórico: la calle Boyacá, la misma que presenta una historia por demás interesante, y que ha pasado por diversos procesos de cambios, hasta una regeneración total, como parte por los procesos por los que el centro histórico de Guayaquil -y otros sectores- experimentaron desde el año 1999: la llamada “Regeneración Urbana”, y el valor que ha tenido este proceso para el fomento del turismo cultural. Es necesario aclarar que este escrito nace del proyecto denominado: Valoración del patrimonio arquitectónico del centro histórico de Guayaquil en el Turismo Cultural, que es desarrollado por la Facultad de Turismo y Hotelería de la Universidad Tecnológica ECOTEC. El escrito inicia con un marco teórico, donde se describirá el concepto y la importancia de la accesibilidad para el turismo; algunas definiciones de diseño universal, para luego pasar hacia la descripción de la metodología y exposición de resultados de las observaciones realizadas in situ, para finalizar en las conclusiones del estudio.
The Effect of 24/7, Digital-First, NHS Primary Care on Acute Hospital Spending: Retrospective Observational Analysis
Authors: Winward Sam , Patel Tejal , Al-Saffar Mazin , Noble Matthew 
Published: July 2021

Background
Digital health has the potential to revolutionize health care by improving accessibility, patient experience, outcomes, productivity, safety, and cost efficiency. In England, the NHS (National Health Service) Long Term Plan promised the right to access digital-first primary care by March 31, 2024. However, there are few global, fully digital-first providers and limited research into their effects on cost from a health system perspective.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of highly accessible, digital-first primary care on acute hospital spending.

Methods
A retrospective, observational analysis compared acute hospital spending on patients registered to a 24/7, digital-first model of NHS primary care with that on patients registered to all other practices in North West London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups. Acute hospital spending data per practice were obtained under a freedom of information request. Three versions of NHS techniques designed to fairly allocate funding according to need were used to standardize or “weight” the practice populations; hence, there are 3 results for each year. The weighting adjusted the populations for characteristics that impact health care spending, such as age, sex, and deprivation. The total spending was divided by the number of standardized or weighted patients to give the spending per weighted patient, which was used to compare the 2 groups in the NHS financial years (FY) 2018-2019 (FY18/19) and 2019-2020 (FY19/20). FY18/19 costs were adjusted for inflation, so they were comparable with the values of FY19/20.

Results
The NHS spending on acute hospital care for 2.43 million and 2.54 million people (FY18/19 and FY19/20) across 358 practices and 49 primary care networks was £1.6 billion and £1.65 billion (a currency exchange rate of £1=US $1.38 is applicable), respectively. The spending on acute care per weighted patient for Babylon GP at Hand members was 12%, 31%, and 54% (£93, P=.047; £223, P<.001; and £389, P<.001) lower than the regional average in FY18/19 for the 3 weighting methodologies used. In FY19/20, it was 15%, 35%, and 51% (£114, P=.006; £246, P<.001; and £362, P<.001) lower. This amounted to lower costs for the Babylon GP at Hand population of £1.37, £4.40 million, and £11.6 million, respectively, in FY18/19; and £3.26 million, £9.54 million, and £18.8 million, respectively, in FY19/20.

Conclusions
Patients with access to 24/7, digital-first primary care incurred significantly lower acute hospital costs.
Rates of Assessment of Social Media Use in Psychiatric Interviews Prior to and During COVID-19: Needs Assessment Survey
Authors: Raphaely Shiri , Goldberg Simon B , Moreno Megan , Stowe Zachary 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCurrent research suggests that there is a nuanced relationship between mental well-being and social media. Social media offers opportunities for empowerment, information, and connection while also showing links with depression, high-risk behavior, and harassment. As this medium rapidly integrates into interpersonal interactions, incorporation of social media assessment into the psychiatric evaluation warrants attention. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures (ie, social distancing) led to increased dependence on social media, allowing an opportunity to assess the adaptation of psychiatric interviews in response to sociocultural changes.ObjectiveThe first aim of this study was to evaluate if general psychiatry residents and child and adolescent psychiatry fellows assessed social media use as part of the clinical interview. Second, the study examined whether changes were made to the social media assessment in response to known increase of social media use secondary to social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAs part of a quality improvement project, the authors surveyed general psychiatry residents and child psychiatry fellows in a university-based training program (n=21) about their assessment of social media use in patient evaluations. Soon after the survey closed, “stay-at-home” orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic began. A subsequent survey was sent out with the same questions to evaluate if residents and fellows altered their interview practices in response to the dramatic sociocultural changes (n=20).ResultsPre-COVID-19 pandemic survey results found that 10% (2/21) of respondents incorporated social media questions in patient evaluations. In a follow-up survey after the onset of the pandemic, 20% (4/20) of respondents included any assessment of social media use. Among the 15 participants who completed both surveys, there was a nonsignificant increase in the likelihood of asking about social media use (2/15, 13% vs 4/15, 27%, for pre- and during COVID-19, respectively; McNemar χ21=0.25, P=.617, Cohen d=0.33).ConclusionsThese small survey results raise important questions relevant to the training of residents and fellows in psychiatry. The findings suggest that the assessment of social media use is a neglected component of the psychiatric interview by trainees. The burgeoning use and diversity of social media engagement warrant scrutiny with respect to how this is addressed in interview training. Additionally, given minimal adaptation of the interview in the midst of a pandemic, these findings imply an opportunity for improving psychiatric training that incorporates adapting clinical interviews to sociocultural change.
Analisis Analisis Yuridis Tentang Proses Mediasi dalam Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Adat di Bali
Authors: Mayasari I Dewa Ayu Dwi , Rudy Dewa Gde 
Published: July 2021

Dewasa ini dalam kehidupan masyarakat sering terjadinya konflik atau sengketa. Termasuk sengketa pertanahan yang marak terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat adat khususnya masyarakat adat di Bali. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan masyarakat untuk menyelesaikan sengketa pertanahan yang terjadi. Baik melalui lembaga pengadilan (litigasi) amupun lembaga di luar pengadilan (non litigasi). Alternatif penyelesaian sengketa banyak ditempuh oleh masyarakat karena dinilai lebih efektif dan tidak memakan waktu dan biaya yan g lebih. Salah satu alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang sering di tempuh adalah melalui jalur Mediasi atau perdamaian. Apalagi dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tanah adat di Bali. Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa tanah adat di Bali sering ditempuh melalui proses mediasi karena dinilai lebih efektif ,tidak memakan waktu lama dan biaya yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas dua permasalahan yakni Bagaimana urgensi mediasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali dan Bagaimana proses mediasi dalam alternatif penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali. Penelitian ini mempergunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif karena memfokuskan analisa terhadap norma hukum yang muncul dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan analisa konsep hukum. Kompleksnya persoalan tanah adat di Bali dan sedikitnya aturan tertulis mengenai hal itu, maka Mediasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa tanah adat di Bali menjadi hal yang sangat urgen karena sengketa dapat diselesaikan secara efektif dan efisien. Dan untuk proses mediasi tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang- undangan, sehingga proses mediasi cenderung dilakukan menurut kebutuhan para pihak yang bersengketa sesuai dengan arahan dan petunjuk dari mediator.
George Sorter's Influence on Accounting Thought
Authors: Bloom Robert 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This manuscript is a biography of George H. Sorter. An innovative accounting theorist and educator, Sorter was concerned about how accounting information could be used in financial and management decision-making. He criticized accounting as a profession for failing to own up to the limitations of financial reports, which do not reveal the “value” of the firm, and for hiding behind confusing jargon. As a result, Sorter formulated an “events” approach to provide financial statement users with data useful for decision making. Valuation of the firm is a subjective endeavor, a matter of individual user perception, he maintained. He served as a member of the AAA Committee for “A Statement of Basic Accounting Theory” (ASOBAT) and as the research director of the AICPA's “Objectives of Financial Statements” (AICPA 1973, Trueblood Report). This manuscript focuses primarily on Sorter's contributions to the Trueblood Report.
Orthodox and heterodox accounting: irreconcilable perspectives?
Authors: Henry Cortés Jhon 
Published: July 2021

In the recent sessions of Heterodox accounting research, carried out by the Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores and the Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana, important questions arose about how radical or flexible should be the heterodox perspective. A professor who participated in this event pointed out that the Colombian accounting academy has lost the rigor and the link with the ideology that was common in the past, indicating that probably the heterodox has become in a fashion. This view, also shared by other scholars, highlights the idea that we must define an ideology (especially in a political sense) and to stick to it, without moving from one perspective to the other because this would involve a lack of commitment, in this case, with the heterodox view.
La teoría fundamentada como método de investigación para el desarrollo de la educación contable
Authors: Ortiz Sánchez Luz Mery 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre la teoría fundamentada como método de investigación para la construcción de conocimiento desde la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin, a la cual se integran otras fuentes que aportan elementos a la discusión. Se incluyen la evolución, esencia, elementos y propósitos de esta metodología, con el fin de reconocer los aspectos que pueden ser favorables para su aplicación en investigaciones relacionadas con la educación contable –de modo específico, aquellas relacionadas con el aporte de la contabilidad en la construcción del pensamiento crítico de los futuros profesionales contables–. Se encuentra que es posible emplear la teoría fundamentada cual método para desarrollar investigaciones cualitativas y mixtas. En el caso específico del área contable se evidencia que este método de investigación no se ha tenido en cuenta ni se ha aplicado, por lo que constituye una alternativa para la construcción de teoría en educación contable.
Factores de perdurabilidad empresarial del sector comercial en el Estado de Nayarit (México)
Authors: Barrón Romero Lourdes Concepción , Arias Fránquez Octavio , Mariscal Haro Edgar Iván , Camarena González Silvia Alicia 
Published: July 2021

En este escrito se presenta un análisis de los elementos que determinan la estabilidad empresarial de las Microempresas del sector comercial en el Estado de Nayarit (México), lo que a futuro haría posible la generación de estrategias para fortalecerlas. Se muestran las principales características estructurales respecto de los factores de permanencia empresarial, las cuales identifican los componentes o factores que crean condiciones sobre la perdurabilidad empresarial de las mipymes –y determinan su éxito o fracaso–. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del instrumento y el análisis de los datos recolectados evidencian que las microempresas estudiadas se encuentran en un nivel de permanencia empresarial relativamente bajo, y realizan sus actividades comerciales sin políticas organizacionales establecidas.
Contabilidad de operaciones en moneda extranjera en Cuba: historia y presente en armonización con NIIF
Authors: Sarduy Quintanilla Abel , González Ochoa Yumaisi 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo centra la atención en identificar los elementos que deben ser objeto de perfeccionamiento en las Normas Cubanas de Contabilidad relacionadas con las operaciones en moneda extranjera, como parte del proceso de armonización con las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). Se realiza una sistematización de las teorías y normativas de alcance internacional y un análisis comparativo de la norma cubana con la norma internacional. Se concluye que las operaciones económicas internacionales constituyen una práctica extendida a la que la profesión contable ha brindado atención; se demuestra que, aunque el proceso de armonización con las NIIF está en desarrollo con significativos avances, es aún bajo; y se identifican los principales elementos de la norma que deberán perfeccionarse.
Análisis Sociodemográfico de Atletas Paralímpicos Chilenos: Rumbo a Santiago 2023
Authors: Muñoz Hinrichsen Fernando Ignacio , Henriquez Matias , Herrera Miranda Felipe , Cornejo Cardenas Maria Isabel , Martinez Aros Alan , Correia Campos Luis Felipe 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Fue realizar una caracterización sociodemográfica de los para atletas chilenos. Métodos: Consistió en la aplicación del cuestionario diseñado para la especificidad de las informaciones intencionadas, y las variables relacionadas pesquisadas fueron con relación a la edad, sexo, región donde vive, tipo de discapacidad, deporte que practica, nivel educacional de las y los para atletas. Resultados: Participaron 176 deportistas, 39 mujeres (22.15%) y 137 hombres (77.84%). El deporte con mayor cantidad de participantes para las mujeres es el Goalball (30,76%) , y para los hombres fue el Fútbol 7 (24.81%). Respecto a la distribución por deficiencia la mayoría de los deportistas corresponden a la discapacidad física (80,68%). De los diagnósticos médicos la mayoría es lesión cerebral (32,38%), y en el caso de las mujeres la lesión medular y deficiencia visual (29,73%). De los niveles de formación educacional podemos observar que la mayoría escolar media/técnica de modo completo 72(40,90%). Al observar la distribución por región, la mayoría se encuentran en la región Metropolitana de Santiago con un 53,98%. Conclusión: La información recabada es de alta importancia para generar políticas que permitan distribuir los recursos y los programas a nivel nacional
Research on Financial Risk Early Warning of Listed Companies Based on Stochastic Effect Mode
Authors: Zhang Liduo , Zhang Lina , Basheri Mohammed , Hasan Hafnida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the current era, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, complicated and unpredictable. Based on the interaction of various factors, the probability of financial risks of listed companies is significantly improved. Because of its unique characteristics, the listed companies’ operating status affects the overall operation of China’s market economy and occupies a fundamental position in the national economic system. If listed companies have financial risks, it will cause great trauma to our economy. Based on the financial risk evaluation theory of listed companies, this paper analyzes the financial indicators of listed companies through random effect model, and puts forward the risk analysis and prediction index system of listed companies from theoretical and empirical angles, thus constructing a financial risk early warning model based on linear random effect model, and studying the financial risk early warning of listed companies with practical cases. The research results show that the financial risk early warning model of random effect model is feasible and effective, which can help listed companies to carry out financial risk early warning management and improve financial management level.
The Microscopic Detection of Animal Proteins in Animal Feed Regarding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Authors: Nikolovska Radmila Crceva , Angeleska Aleksandra , Gjorgjievski Srecko , Blagoevska Katerina , Uzunov Riste , Trenevska Vasilka Poposka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the actuality of spongiform encephalopathies and their proven spreading by means of animal feed containing meat and bone meal, the description and measurement of osteocytic lacunae contributes to more easily distinguish bone fragments in meat and bone meal. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have attracted a lot of attention, especially after 1986, when the first case of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) was detected. Since the outbreak of spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the use of animal protein including bone meal as an ingredient in animal feed has been controlled by several regulations including Regulation (EC) 999/2001, Regulation (EC) 1774/2002, and Regulation (EC) 1234/2003. The classical microscopic method is the only official method for detecting animal protein in animal feed in the European Union (Commission Regulation (EC) 152/2009). By applying the microscopic method to the animal feed samples, we performed detection in order to determine the presence of animal proteins that originate from mammals and fish. The microscopic analysis of all 421 samples, of which 115 were raw materials for the production of animal feed, 230 were concentrates for ruminant nutrition and 76 were concentrates for non-ruminant nutrition (32 concentrates for laying hens and 44 concentrates for pigs), did not provide positive results, that is, no remains of animal tissues of mammalian origin were found in any specimen. Whereas in 10 out of 32 (31.25%) concentrates intended for non-ruminant nutrition (laying hens), pieces of fish tissue were found. In these samples, we usually detected the presence of fish bones, gills and scales.
Comparative Analysis of Anthropometric Parameters and Body Composition of Patients with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women in the Postmenopausal Period
Authors: Stankeviča Jekaterina , Pļaviņa Liāna , Bahs Guntis , Umbraško Silvija , Duļevska Ilva 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
According to a statistical review (2018) in Latvia, there are more than one thousand women (n = 1266) with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Assessments of anthropometrical parameters were made according to the World Health Organisation recommendations for morbidity risk analysis. The aim of the study was to determine the differences and changes of anthropometric parameters and indices in a control group and in a clinical group (initial oncological diagnosis without treatment intervention). We examined women in their postmenopausal period. The control group included apparently healthy women (n = 181) and the clinical group included women (n = 44) with initial oncological diagnosis (breast cancer 1st and 2nd stage). In order to assess body anthropometric characteristics we used the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/height ratio and skin fold thickness measurement. The study results were assessed using statistical analyses in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 software: Shapiro–Wilk and Mann–Whitney tests with a two-tailed p-value < 0.05). The analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the low number of patients in the clinical group, we found a significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold thickness above m. biceps brachii, skinfold thickness above m. triceps brachii, and subscapular and suprailiac skin fold thickness in this group.