bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive discontinuation and switching in urban Istanbul region in Turkey
Authors: Kurutas Sebahat , Sato Ryoko , Huber‐Krum Sarah , Baykal Simay Sevval , Rohr Julia , Karadon Duygu , Kaur Navdep , Okcuoğlu Bahar Ayca , Esmer Yılmaz , Canning David , Shah Iqbal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate rates of contraceptive discontinuation and method switching and examine their determinants in Istanbul, Turkey, because discontinuation of modern contraception leading to unintended pregnancy is a public health concern.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional household survey between March and June 2018 among 4224 married women of reproductive age (16–44 years). Information on contraceptive use and discontinuation for the 31 months preceding the survey was recorded in a monthly calendar. Using single and multiple decrement life‐table methods, we calculated the overall discontinuation and the cause‐specific discontinuation rates.ResultsThe 12‐month overall discontinuation rate was 12.32%. Intrauterine devices had the lowest discontinuation rate (7.12%). The most common reasons for discontinuation were the desire to become pregnant (6.56%) and method failure (2.76%). One in three episodes of discontinuation was not followed by method switching (32.16%). Age, education, and the method type were predictive of contraceptive discontinuation.ConclusionTo reduce method failure, women should be provided with information about method effectiveness, correct use of methods, and what to do if they anticipate their method failed (e.g., emergency contraception). Programs should focus on improving knowledge about discontinuation and method failure. Contraceptive counseling should also emphasize timely switching to an effective method after discontinuation.
iTRAQ‐based proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms and downstream effects of fatty acid synthase in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Fu Dahua , Liu Shuochuan , Liu Jiaming , Chen Wenzhao , Long Xinhua , Chen Xuanyin , Zhou Yang , Zheng Yibin , Huang Shanhu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFatty acid synthase (FASN) is a lipogenic enzyme that participates in tumor progression. We previously showed that FASN is dysregulated in OS malignancy, but the molecular mechanism(s) of these effects remained unclear.MethodsWe examined differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in FASN‐silenced osteosarcoma 143B cells and their parental cells by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Differentially expressed proteins were classified using GO and KEGG analysis. The association between FASN and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) was confirmed using qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The function of HNRNPA1 in osteosarcoma was determined using CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays.ResultsAmong the 4971 identified proteins, 567 DEPs (325 upregulated and 242 downregulated) were identified. The top 10 upregulated proteins comprised HIST1H2AB, INA, INTS5, MTCH2, EIF1, MAPK1IP1L, PXK, RPS27, PM20D2, and ZNF800, while the top 10 downregulated proteins comprised NDRG1, CNTLN, STON2, GDF7, HECTD3, HBB, TPM1, PPP4R4, PTTG1IP, and PLCB3. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the DEPs were related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, binding, and catalytic activity. HNRNPA1 was dysregulated in FASN‐silenced 143B and HOS cells. qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry showed that FASN expression positively correlates with HNRNPA1 expression. Further studies indicated that HNRNPA1 correlates with OS diagnosis and prognosis. And HNRNPA1 silence inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion in OS cells.ConclusionHNRNPA1 acts as targets downstream of FASN and potential biomarker and oncogene in OS.
Atomic force microscopy studies of enamel, inner enamel, dentin, and cementum in canine teeth
Authors: Solaymani Shahram , Nezafat Negin Beryani , Ţălu Ştefan , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Dalouji Vali , Amiri Ali , Rezaee Sahar , Morozov Ilya A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main goal of the present work is to explore the three dimensional (3‐D) atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of human teeth and investigating their micromorphology. For this purpose, 10 fresh and permanent canine teeth were selected from a group of 40‐year‐old men who were candidate for the experimental processes. Afterward, they were all applied for studying the morphology of their hard tissues. The tapping mode of AFM was used to characterize the surface micromorphology on the square areas of 1 μm × 1 μm (512 × 512 pts). AFM results and surface stereometric analysis indicate the relationships between the micromorphology of the surface and the structural properties of these tissues across the length scales. As can be seen, the surface of cementum has the most irregular topography (D = 2.87 ± 0.01) while the most regular topography (D = 2.43 ± 0.01) is found in dentin. Furthermore, the more and less regularity of the surface have been found in inner enamel (Sq = 26.26 nm) and dentin (Sq = 41.28 nm), respectively. Stereometric and fractal analyses give valuable information about human canine teeth via 3‐D micromorphology.
Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kuusimäki Tomi , Al‐Abdulrasul Haidar , Kurki Samu , Hietala Jarmo , Hartikainen Sirpa , Koponen Marjaana , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPD comorbid with schizophrenia has been considered rare because these diseases associate with opposite alterations in the brain dopamine system. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of PD after a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder.MethodsRegionally, this was a retrospective record‐based case–control study. The cohort included 3045 PD patients treated 2004–2019 in southwestern Finland. Nationally this was a nested case–control study using registers to examine Finnish patients who received a clinically confirmed PD diagnosis 1996–2015 (n = 22,189). PD patients with previously diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum disorder (separate analysis for schizophrenia) were included. Comparable non‐PD control groups were derived from both data sets. All PD diagnoses were based on individual clinical examinations by certified neurologists.ResultsIn PD patients, the prevalence of earlier schizophrenia spectrum disorder was 0.76% in regional data and 1.50% in nationwide data. In age‐matched controls, the prevalence in the regional and national data was 0.16% and 1.31%, respectively. The odds ratio for PD after schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis was 4.63 (95% CI, 1.76–12.19; P < 0.01) in the regional data and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04–1.31; P < 0.01) in the national data.ConclusionsSchizophrenia spectrum disorder increases the risk of PD later in life. This association was observed in both individual patient data and nationwide register data. Therefore, despite the opposite dopaminergic disease mechanisms, schizophrenia spectrum disorder increases rather than decreases the risk of PD. The increased PD risk could be related to risk‐altering effects of dopamine receptor antagonists or to the increased vulnerability of the dopamine system induced by illness phase‐dependent dopamine dysregulation in schizophrenia/schizophrenia spectrum disorder. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A phase I trial of the CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in pediatric patients with progressive brain tumors: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study (PBTC‐042)
Authors: Van Mater David , Gururangan Sridharan , Becher Oren , Campagne Olivia , Leary Sarah , Phillips Joanna J. , Huang Jie , Lin Tong , Poussaint Tina Young , Goldman Stewart , Baxter Patricia , Dhall Girish , Robinson Giles , DeWire‐Schottmiller Mariko , Hwang Eugene I. , Stewart Clinton F. , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Dunkel Ira J. , Fouladi Maryam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisruption of cell‐cycle regulators is a potential therapeutic target for brain tumors in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and describe toxicities related to palbociclib, a selective cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor in pediatric patients with progressive/refractory brain tumors with intact retinoblastoma protein.MethodsPalbociclib was administered orally starting at 50 mg/m2 daily for the first 21 days of a 28‐day course. Dose escalation was according to the Rolling‐6 statistical design in less heavily (stratum I) and heavily pretreated (stratum II) patients, and MTD was determined separately for each group. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed during the first course, and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted to evaluate relationships between drug levels and toxicities.ResultsA total of 21 patients were enrolled on stratum I and 14 patients on stratum II. The MTD for both strata was 75 mg/m2. Palbociclib absorption (mean Tmax between 4.9 and 6.6 h) and elimination (mean half‐life between 11.3 and 19.5 h) were assessed. The most common toxicity was myelosuppression. Higher palbociclib exposure was associated with grade 3/4 neutropenia and leukopenia. Dose limiting toxicities included grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia and dehydration. No patients had an objective response to palbociclib therapy.ConclusionsPalbociclib was safely administered to children and adolescents at a dosage of 75 mg/m2 for 21 consecutive days followed by seven days of rest in both strata. Future studies will establish its optimal utilization in pediatric patients with brain tumors.
Pharmacotherapy considerations in transgender individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Badowski Melissa E. , Britt Nicholas , Huesgen Emily C. , Lewis Michelle M. , Miller Misty M. , Nowak Kathleen , Sherman Elizabeth , Smith Renata O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPharmacotherapy considerations are often a concern for transgender individuals who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to concerns for drug–drug interactions between their hormone and antiretroviral therapies. Many of the first‐line therapies offered to patients for the management of HIV have reduced concerns for safety, resistance, and drug–drug interactions. In this review, we highlight common medications and important considerations for caring for transgender people living with HIV.
Geometry and complexity of path integrals in inhomogeneous CFTs
Authors: Caputa Paweł , MacCormack Ian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we develop the path integral optimization in a class of inhomogeneous 2d CFTs constructed by putting an ordinary CFT on a space with a position dependent metric. After setting up and solving the general optimization problem, we study specific examples, including the Möbius, SSD and Rainbow deformed CFTs, and analyze path integral geometries and complexity for universal classes of states in these models. We find that metrics for optimal path integrals coincide with particular slices of AdS3 geometries, on which Einstein’s equations are equivalent to the condition for minimal path integral complexity. We also find that while leading divergences of path integral complexity remain unchanged, constant contributions are modified in a universal, position dependent manner. Moreover, we analyze entanglement entropies in inhomogeneous CFTs and show that they satisfy Hill’s equations, which can be used to extract the energy density consistent with the first law of entanglement. Our findings not only support comparisons between slices of bulk spacetimes and circuits of path integrations, but also demonstrate that path integral geometries and complexity serve as a powerful tool for understanding the interesting physics of inhomogeneous systems.
Gravitational cubic-in-spin interaction at the next-to-leading post-Newtonian order
Authors: Levi Michèle , Mougiakakos Stavros , Vieira Mariana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we derive for the first time the complete gravitational cubic-in-spin effective action at the next-to-leading order in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion for the interaction of generic compact binaries via the effective field theory for gravitating spinning objects, which we extend in this work. This sector, which enters at the fourth and a half PN (4.5PN) order for rapidly-rotating compact objects, completes finite-size effects up to this PN order, and is the first sector completed beyond the current state of the art for generic compact binary dynamics at the 4PN order. At this order in spins with gravitational nonlinearities we have to take into account additional terms, which arise from a new type of worldline couplings, due to the fact that at this order the Tulczyjew gauge for the rotational degrees of freedom, which involves the linear momentum, can no longer be approximated only in terms of the four-velocity. One of the main motivations for us to tackle this sector is also to see what happens when we go to a sector, which corresponds to the gravitational Compton scattering with quantum spins larger than one, and maybe possibly also get an insight on the inability to uniquely fix its amplitude from factorization when spins larger than two are involved. A general observation that we can clearly make already is that even-parity sectors in the order of the spin are easier to handle than odd ones. In the quantum context this corresponds to the greater ease of dealing with bosons compared to fermions.
Automorphic forms and fermion masses
Authors: Ding Gui-Jun , Feruglio Ferruccio , Liu Xiang-Gan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We extend the framework of modular invariant supersymmetric theories to encompass invariance under more general discrete groups Γ, that allow the presence of several moduli and make connection with the theory of automorphic forms. Moduli span a coset space G/K, where G is a Lie group and K is a compact subgroup of G, modded out by Γ. For a general choice of G, K, Γ and a generic matter content, we explicitly construct a minimal Kähler potential and a general superpotential, for both rigid and local $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric theories. We also specialize our construction to the case G = Sp(2g, ℝ), K = U(g) and Γ = Sp(2g, ℤ), whose automorphic forms are Siegel modular forms. We show how our general theory can be consistently restricted to multi-dimensional regions of the moduli space enjoying residual symmetries. After choosing g = 2, we present several examples of models for lepton and quark masses where Yukawa couplings are Siegel modular forms of level 2.
Analysis of Hydroacoustic Signals Associated to the Loss of the Argentinian ARA San Juan Submarine
Authors: Vergoz Julien , Cansi Yves , Cano Yoann , Gaillard Pierre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn November 15, 2017, an event related to the disappearance of the Argentine military submarine ARA San Juan was detected by two hydrophone triplet stations of the IMS network, established to enforce the nuclear test ban treaty (CTBT). From the two direct hydroacoustic arrivals recorded at 6000 and 8000 km from the localized wreckage, calculated location based on hydroacoustic data only is poorly constrained, and the associated uncertainties are large. In an attempt to interpret the recorded signals, an air dropped calibration grenade was conducted by the Argentine Navy two weeks later, on December 1, 2017, near the last known position of the submarine. From the comparison of temporal and spectral features of both events, we confirm the impulsive nature of the San Juan event. Array processing was performed with a progressive multi-channel correlation method (PMCC). Fine propagation details of direct arrivals are very well resolved in time-frequency space and thirteen secondary arrivals are revealed for the San Juan event, within the fifteen minutes following direct arrivals. The detections presented in this paper were calculated with DTK-PMCC software embedded in the NDC-In-A-Box virtual machine, and can be reproduced by any CTBTO principal user (Member State user which can access raw waveform data and data bulletins). All the identified late arrivals are associated to reflections or refractions from seamounts, islands and the South American continental Slope. The accurate identification of all the reflectors allows to significantly improve the source location accuracy: 95% confidence ellipse area has been reduced by a factor of 100 compared to location obtained from direct arrivals only, and the estimated location is 3.5 km from the known location of the wreckage. The originality of the relocation method is that it is based on the joint inversion of both San Juan and calibration events unknown parameters, and from the selection of only a well-chosen subset of secondary arrivals. Its calculation did not require either the need of advanced oceanographic specifications, or sophisticated methods requiring heavy computational means. Finally, a detailed cepstral analysis of the direct and secondary arrivals has allowed to detect the existence of a second impulse (doublet) in the signals associated to both San Juan and calibration events. Unlike the calibration event, the anisotropic character of the delays measured from the San Juan cepstra suggests that the 15 November signal was generated by two impulsive acoustic sources closely separated in space and time over scales comparable to the size of the submarine. This study demonstrates the capability of the hydroacoustic component of the IMS network to accomplish its mission of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty monitoring.
Variations in Apparent Stress and b Value Preceding the 2010 Mw8.8 Bio-Bío, Chile Earthquake
Authors: Li Yane , Chen Xuezhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe calculated apparent stresses for 70 earthquakes (MW ≥ 5.0) occurring in the aftershock region of the 2010MW8.8 Bio-Bío earthquake from January 1990 to September 2019. We identified that the average apparent stress was approximately 0.487 MPa between January 1990 and December 2005 and approximately 1.063 MPa within the period from January 2006 to January 2010. The latter one is 2.2-fold greater than the former, representing a significant difference as determined by a z test, with a 99% confidence level. Moreover, we analyzed the temporal evolution of the apparent stress and found that apparent stress rapidly increased from 0.43 to 1.2 MPa during the pre-event period from March 2006 to the occurrence of the Bio-BíoMW8.8 mainshock, and this increased apparent stress was found to be significant at the 98% confidence level. Furthermore, we calculated the spatial distribution of the apparent stress in the study region and observed two higher-apparent-stress regions, within one of which the epicenter of theMW8.8 event was located. On the basis of the inverse correlation betweenbvalue and stress, the temporal evolution and spatial distribution ofbvalues were calculated and compared with those of the apparent stress. The comparison showed that thebvalues decreased approximately 4 years before the occurrence of the mainshock, while the apparent stress increased substantially; for the region of lowerb, the apparent stress is higher, and vice versa. Therefore, the inverse correlation betweenbvalue and stress is supported by the results obtained in the present study and can be probably considered as one of the precursors to great earthquakes.
CLASSIFICATION OF 3-GRADED CAUSAL SUBALGEBRAS OF REAL SIMPLE LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: OEH D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet ($$ \mathfrak{g} $$g, τ) be a real simple symmetric Lie algebra and letW⊂$$ \mathfrak{g} $$gbe an invariant closed convex cone which is pointed and generating withτ(W) = −W. For elementsh∈$$ \mathfrak{g} $$gwithτ(h) =h, we classify the Lie algebras$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g(W,τ,h) which are generated by the closed convex cones$$ {C}_{\pm}\left(W,\tau, h\right):= \left(\pm W\right)\cap {\mathfrak{g}}_{\pm 1}^{-\tau }(h) $$C±Wτh≔±W∩g±1−τh, where$$ {\mathfrak{g}}_{\pm 1}^{-\tau }(h):= \left\{x\in \mathfrak{g}:\tau (x)=-x\left[h,x\right]=\pm x\right\} $$g±1−τh≔x∈g:τx=−xhx=±x. These cones occur naturally as the skew-symmetric parts of the Lie wedges of endomorphism semigroups of certain standard subspaces. We prove in particular that, if$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g(W,τ,h) is non-trivial, then it is either a hermitian simple Lie algebra of tube type or a direct sum of two Lie algebras of this type. Moreover, we give for each hermitian simple Lie algebra and each equivalence class of involutive automorphismsτof$$ \mathfrak{g} $$gwithτ(W) = −Wa list of possible subalgebras$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g(W,τ,h) up to isomorphy.
The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Falah-Hassani Kobra , Reeves Joanna , Shiri Rahman , Hickling Duane , McLean Linda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisTo evaluate the evidence for pathologies underlying stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.MethodsFor the data sources, a structured search of the peer-reviewed literature (English language; 1960–April 2020) was conducted using predefined key terms in PubMed and Embase. Google Scholar was also searched. Peer-reviewed manuscripts that reported on anatomical, physiological or functional differences between females with signs and/or symptoms consistent with SUI and a concurrently recruited control group of continent females without any substantive urogynecological symptoms. Of 4629 publications screened, 84 met the inclusion criteria and were retained, among which 24 were included in meta-analyses.ResultsSelection bias was moderate to high; < 25% of studies controlled for major confounding variables for SUI (e.g., age, BMI and parity). There was a lack of standardization of methods among studies, and several measurement issues were identified. Results were synthesized qualitatively, and, where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Deficits in urethral and bladder neck structure and support, neuromuscular and mechanical function of the striated urethral sphincter (SUS) and levator ani muscles all appear to be associated with SUI. Meta-analyses showed that observed bladder neck dilation and lower functional urethral length, bladder neck support and maximum urethral closure pressures are strong characteristic signs of SUI.ConclusionThe pathology of SUI is multifactorial, with strong evidence pointing to bladder neck and urethral incompetence. While there is also evidence of impaired urethral support and levator ani function, standardized approaches to measurement are needed to generate higher levels of evidence.