bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio After Thrombolysis Improves Prediction of 3-Month Stroke Outcome
Authors: Hou Duanlu , Wang Chunjie , Ye Xiaofei , Zhong Ping , Wu Danhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives-Thrombolysis is the effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours of onset. It improves prognosis by increasing blood perfusion to the lesion. Though inflammation is a predictor of 3-month outcomes after thrombolysis, the temporal effect of thrombolysis on inflammation and the correlation between inflammation after thrombolysis and patients’ prognosis remain to be elucidated. Materials and Methods-Demographic, clinical, laboratory data before and after thrombolysis, and 3-month mRS scores were collected and compared. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was divided into low and high NLR subgroups and functional outcomes at 3 months were compared. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test independent predictors of 3-month prognosis. Results- 493 patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled between 1st August, 2017 and 1st September, 2019. 170 received thrombolysis and 323 patients did not. The NLR after thrombolysis was higher than that before thrombolysis among patients who received thrombolysis (p<0.001) and higher than that of patients who did not receive thrombolysis (p<0.001). The NLR after thrombolysis was an independent predictor of 3-month functional outcomes (OR =1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.42, p=0.03). The best discriminating value for the NLR is 4.51 (sensitivity 65.7%, specificity 73.1%, AUC: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92). Significant difference (62% vs 88%, p<0.001) was observed in the patients with good 3-month outcome between patient groups with the NLR>4.51 and <4.51, respectively. Conclusions-NLR increase after thrombolysis was a predictor of poor 3-month functional outcome in AIS patients.
Ultrasound Study of Layer-specific Strain and Perfusion of Left Ventricular Myocardium in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tang Sha , Guan Lina , Mu Yuming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the changes in deformation and myocardial microcirculation perfusion of left ventricular three-layer myocardium in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by using speckle tracking imaging (STI) and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).MethodsTwenty-four patients with DCM and 19 healthy controls were selected. Two-dimensional and MCE dynamic images of apical four-chamber, two-chamber, and three-chamber sections and left ventricular mitral valve, papillary muscle and apex sections were collected. The peak values of longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS), cross-sectional area of a microvessel (A) and average myocardial microvascular lesion (β) were obtained by Qlab 10.8 workstation values, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) was calculated with A×β to evaluate the deformation and coronary microvascular perfusion of left ventricular three-layer myocardium.ResultsThe brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDS), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left atrial volume index (LAVI), E peak in early diastolic period/A peak velocity in late diastolic period (E/A) and average E/e' in the DCM group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) rate, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), A peak, and the e' and a' velocities of both the lateral wall and interventricular septum were smaller than those in the control group (P<0.05). The LS, CS, A, β, and A×β of the DCM group were all lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The pattern of myocardial strain and perfusion among myocardial layers was subendocardial>middle>subepicardial. The correlation coefficients of LS with A, β, and A×β were -0.500, -0.279 and -0.190, respectively, and the correlation coefficients of CS with A, β, and A×β were -0.383, -0.255 and -0.208, respectively.ConclusionsThe deformation of the three-layer myocardium and coronary microcirculation perfusion in DCM patients were diffusely damaged from the endocardium to the epicardium, layer by layer. The longitudinal function of the left ventricular myocardium was closely related to changes in myocardial microcirculation perfusion.
Systematics and Phylogeography of The Non-Ethiopian Speckled-Pelage Brush-Furred Rats (Lophuromys Flavopunctatus Group) Inferred From Integrative Genetics and Morphometry
Authors: Onditi Kenneth , Peterhans Julian Kerbis , Zhongzheng Chen , Demos Terrence , Bryja Josef , Lavrenchenko Leonid , Musila Simon , Verheyen Erik , Xuelong Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The speckled-pelage brush-furred rats (Lophuromys flavopunctatus group) has been difficult to define given conflicting genetic, morphological, and distributional records that combine to obscure meaningful accounts of its taxonomic diversity. In this study, we inferred the systematics, phylogeography, and evolutionary history of the L. flavopunctatus group using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inference, divergence times, historical biogeographic reconstruction, and morphometric discriminant tests. We compiled comprehensive datasets of three loci (two mitochondrial [mtDNA] and one nuclear) and two morphometric datasets (linear and geometric) from across the known range of the genus Lophuromys.Results: The mtDNA phylogeny supported the division of the genus Lophuromys into three primary groups with nearly equidistant pairwise differentiation: one group corresponding to the subgenus Kivumys (Kivumys group) and two groups corresponding to the subgenus Lophuromys (L. sikapusi group and L. flavopunctatus group). The L. flavopunctatus group comprised the speckled-pelage brush-furred Lophuromys endemic to Ethiopia (Ethiopian L. flavopunctatus members [ETHFLAVO]) and the non-Ethiopian ones (non-Ethiopian L. flavopunctatus members [NONETHFLAVO]) in deeply nested relationships. There were distinctly geographically structured mtDNA clades among the NONETHFLAVO, which were incongruous with the nuclear tree where several clades were unresolved. The morphometric datasets did not systematically assign samples to meaningful taxonomic units or agreed with the mtDNA clades. The divergence dating and ancestral range reconstructions showed the NONETHFLAVO colonized the current ranges over two independent dispersal events out of Ethiopia in the early Pleistocene.Conclusion: The phylogenetic associations and divergence times of the L. flavopunctatus group conform to demonstrated hypotheses surrounding the paleoclimatic and ecosystem refugium impacts on the evolutionary radiation of rodents dependent on stably humid conditions in the East Africa region. The overlap in craniodental variation between distinct mtDNA clades among the NONETHFLAVO suggests unraveling underlying ecomorphological drivers is key to reconciling taxonomically informative morphological characters. The genus Lophuromys requires a taxonomic reassessment based on extensive genomic evidence to elucidate the patterns and impacts of genetic isolation at clade contact zones.
Evolution of Mendelian Dominance in Gene Regulatory Networks Associated With Phenotypic Robustness
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Kaneko Kunihiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Mendelian inheritance is a fundamental law of genetics. Considering two alleles in a diploid, a phenotype of a heterotype is dominated by a particular homotype according to the law of dominance. This picture is usually based on simple genotype-phenotype mapping in which one gene regulates one phenotype. However, in reality, some interactions between genes can result in deviation from Mendelian dominance. Result: Here, by using the numerical evolution of diploid gene regulatory networks (GRNs), we discuss whether Mendelian dominance evolves beyond the classical case of one-to-one genotype-phenotype mapping. We examine whether complex genotype-phenotype mapping can achieve Mendelian dominance through the evolution of the GRN with interacting genes. Specifically, we extend the GRN model to a diploid case, in which two GRN matrices are added to give gene expression dynamics, and simulate evolution with meiosis and recombination. Our results reveal that Mendelian dominance evolves even under complex genotype-phenotype mapping. This dominance is achieved via a group of genotypes that differ from each other but have a common phenotype given by the expression of target genes. Calculating the degree of dominance shows that it increases through the evolution, correlating closely with the decrease in phenotypic fluctuations and the increase in robustness to initial noise. This evolution of Mendelian dominance is associated with phenotypic robustness against meiosis-induced genome mixing, whereas sexual recombination arising from the mixing of chromosomes from the parents further enhances dominance and robustness. Owing to this dominance, the robustness to genetic differences increases, while the optimal fitness is sustained up to a large difference between the two genomes. Conclusion: Mendelian dominance is achieved by groups of genotypes that are associated with the increase in phenotypic robustness to noise.
COVID-19 anosmia and gustatory symptoms as a prognosis factor: a subanalysis of the HOPE COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19) Registry
Authors: Porta-Etessam Jesús , Núñez-Gil Iván , García Nuria González , Fernández Cristina , Viana-LLamas María , Eid Charbel Maroun , Romero Rodolfo , Molina Marta , Uribarri Aitor , Becerra Victor , Aguado Marcos García , Huang Jia , Rondano Elisa , Cerrato Enrico , Alfonso Emilio , Castro Alex , Marín francisco , Raposeiras Sergio , Pepe Martino , Feites Gisela , Mate Paloma , Cortese Bernardo , Buzón Luís , Javita Jorge , Estrada Vicente 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGD) are a frequent symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been proposed that the neuroinvasive potential of the novel SARS-CoV-2 could be due to olfactory bulb invasion, conversely studies suggest it could be a good prognostic factor. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prognosis value of OGD in COVID-19.These symptoms were recorded on admission from a cohort study of 5868 patients with confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 infection included in the multicenter international HOPE Registry (NCT04334291).There was statistical relation in multivariate analysis for OGD in gender, more frequent in female 12.41% vs 8.67% in male, related to age, more frequent under 65 years, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoke, renal insufficiency, lung, heart, cancer and neurological disease. We did not find statistical differences in pregnant (p=0.505), patient suffering cognitive (p=0.484), liver (p=0.1) or immune disease (p=0.32). There was inverse relation (protective) between OGD and prone positioning (0.005) and death (<0.0001), but no with ICU (0.165) or mechanical ventilation (0.292). On univariable logistic regression OGD was found to be inversely related to death in COVID-19 patients. The Odds Ratio was 0.26 (0.15-0.44) (p<0.001) and Z was -5.05.The presence of anosmia is fundamental in the diagnosis of SARS.CoV-2 infection, but also could be important when classifying patients and in therapeutic decisions. Even more knowing that it is an early symptom of the disease. Knowing that other situations as being Afro-American or Latino-American, Hypertension, renal insufficiency, or increase of C-reactive protein (CRP) imply a worse prognosis we can make a clinical score to estimate the vital prognosis of the patient.The exact pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 that causes olfactory and gustative disorders remains unknown but seems related to the prognosis. This point is fundamental, insomuch as could be a plausible way to find a treatment.
In Vitro Efficacy Comparison of Linezolid, Tedizolid, Sutezolid and Delpazolid Against Rapid Growing Mycobacteria Isolated in Beijing, China
Authors: Wen Shuan , Gao Xiaopan , Zhao Weijie , Huo Fengmin , Jiang Guanglu , Dong Lingling , Zhao Liping , Wang Fen , Yu Xia , Huang Hairong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The natural resistance of rapid growth Mycobacterium (RGM) against multiple antibiotics renders the treatment of caused infections less successful and time consuming. Therefore, new effective agents are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of 115 isolates, constituting different RGM species, to four oxazolidinones i.e. delpazolid, sutezolid, tedizolid and linezolid. Additionally, 32 reference strains of different RGM species were also tested. The four oxazolidinones exhibited potent in vitro activity against the recruited RGM reference strains, 24 out of 32 RGM species had MICs ≤ 8 µg/mL against all four oxazolidinones whereas tedizolid and delpazolid generally presented lower MICs than linezolid or sutezolid. Tedizolid showed the strongest activity against clinical isolates of M. abscessus with MIC50 = 1 µg/mL and MIC90 = 2 µg/mL. MIC values for tedizolid were usually 4- to 8-fold less than the MICs of linezolid for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus. The MIC distributions of sutezolid and linezolid were similar, while delpazolid showed 2-fold lower MIC as compared with linezolid. Linezolid was not active against most of the tested M. fortuitum isolates, since 22 out of the 25 M. fortuitum were resistant against linezolid. However, delpazolid exhibited better antimicrobial activity against these isolates with 4-fold lower MIC values, in contrast with linezolid. In addition, the protein alignment of RplC and RplD and structure based analysis showed that there may be no correlation between oxazolidinones resistance and mutations in rplC ,rplD and 23srRNA genes in tested RGM. This study showed tedizolid harbors the strongest inhibitory activity against M. abscessus in vitro, while delpazolid presented the best activity against M. fortuitum, which provided important insights on the potential clinical application of oxazolidinones to treat RGM infections.
Malicious Traffic classification using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model
Authors: K Naresh Kumar Thapa , Duraipandian N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Malicious traffic classification is the initial and primary step for any network-based security systems. This traffic classification systems include behavior-based anomaly detection system and Intrusion Detection System. Existing methods always relies on the conventional techniques and process the data in the fixed sequence, which may leads to performance issues. Furthermore, conventional techniques require proper annotation to process the volumetric data. Relying on the data annotation for efficient traffic classification may leads to network loops and bandwidth issues within the network. To address the above-mentioned issues, this paper presents a novel solution based on artificial intelligence perspective. The key idea of this paper is to propose a novel malicious classification system using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. To validate the efficiency of the proposed model, an experimental setup along with experimental validation is carried out. From the experimental results, it is proven that the proposed model is better in terms of accuracy, throughput when compared to the state-of-the-art models. Further, the accuracy of the proposed model outperforms the existing state of the art models with increase in 5% and overall 99.5% in accuracy.
Research on the Spatial Pattern and Spatial Heterogeneity of Chinese Elite Hospitals
Authors: Shi Baoguo , Wang Yuping , Zheng Ji , Zhang Xiyu , Li Ye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Facing the problems of unreasonable allocation of medical resources and health inequity, the layout of elite hospitals in China deserves further attention. This paper explores the unbalanced allocation of high-quality resources and its influencing factors in the development of China's health system , so as to provide reference for the rational distribution of high-quality medical resources in China and other countries, from the perspective of space.Methods: This study investigated 706 elite hospitals in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in 2017. In this paper, geographic weighted regression (GWR), spatial lag model and spatial error model are used to study the influencing factors and spatial heterogeneity of spatial pattern.Results: Spatial auto-correlation of elite hospitals in China is of great significance and the results of OLS regression showed that city level, number of medical schools, urban population and resident population were its significant variables. Further, its spatial agglomeration phenomenon were confirmed through SEM and SLM model. Among them, the city level is the most important factor affecting the spatial distribution of elite hospitals in China. The influence intensity of urban level gradually weakened from northeast to southwest. And medical colleges, whose degree of influence is gradually increasing from northeast to southwest, is the second influence factor. There is a weak relationship between the distribution of elite hospitals and population size,which indicates other factors' important impact.Conclusion: China's elite hospitals are unevenly distributed and have obvious spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, we suggest that we should pay attention to the spatial governance of high-quality medical resources, attract medical elites in the region, increase investment in medical education in the scarce areas of elite hospitals and develop tele-medicine service. Through these means, we can solve the problem of unbalanced spatial distribution of medical resources and the demand of areas lacking high-quality medical resources.
Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals Genetic Structure and Introgression in Chinese Pudong White Pigs
Authors: Huang Min , Wu Zhongping , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Desen , Liu Shaojuan , Zheng Sumei , Yang Lijuan , Liu Bingbing , Li Guixin , Jiang Yongchuang , Zhang Hui , Chen Hao , Ren Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Pudong white (PDW) pigs originating from Shanghai, are the only Chinese indigenous pigs with white coat color except Rongchang (RC) pigs. However, there is limited information about its overall genetic structure, relationship with other breeds especially the East Chinese (ECN) and European pig due to the white coat of PDW. Whole-genome sequencing provides the effective approach to get the unique information of genome. The high-depth whole-genome sequencing data of 26 global pig breeds, European Wild boars (EWB), Chinese Wild boars (CWB) and out group (OUT) were implemented to detect the genetic structure, signature of selection and potential exotic introgression in PDW pigs.Results: The PDW pigs belonging to ECN pigs based on genetic relationship, and harbor lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient compared to other Chinese indigenous pigs. Both the f3 and D-statistics analysis demonstrated that PDW pigs shared apparent alleles with Large White (LW) pigs. Then, two statistics, haplotype heat-map, copy number variation (CNV) and rIBD analysis further revealed that PDW pigs carry the same KIT genotype and share haplotypes at PARG-MARCHF8 locus with LW pigs, suggesting that the lineage of European (EUR) pigs in PDW originated from LW pigs. After detecting the KIT mutations in different pig breeds, PDW was confirmed to be same with LW at DUP1, DUP2 and the splicing mutation on intron 17 of KIT which determine the white coat color phenotype in European white pigs.Conclusions: This study shows that ECN pigs crossed with LW pigs after introduced to China about 110-164 years ago, where the offspring carrying KIT genotype that caused white coat color phenotype, and then were selected due to the rare white coat color in Chinese indigenous pigs, gradually forming PDW pig breed. To our knowledge, this study gives the first thorough description of the genetic structure of PDW pig via whole-genome resequencing data. This study not only advances our understanding of genetic structure, molecular phylogeny, and molecular origin of PDW pigs, but also provides a basis for facilitating the development of a national project for the conservation and utilization of this unique Chinese local population.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Rare Congenital Heart Disease: Interrupted Aortic Arch
Authors: Feng Yusen , Wang Lijuan , Liu Hui , Sun Guifang , Liu Bin , Ma Pengcheng , Wang Liqiong , Zhang Xuguang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare congenital anomaly of the aortic arch and an anatomical interruption of the lumen between the ascending and descending aorta. Computed tomography (CT) has become a reliable noninvasive diagnostic method for congenital IAA .The purpose of this study was to To investigate the imaging features of IAA and improve the understanding and diagnosis of the disease. Methods: The imaging features and postoperative pathological data of 25 patients with IAA confirmed by dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) angiography were analyzed in this retrospective study. Results: Among the 25 patients with IAA, 15 were type A, 7 were type B, 0 were type C and D, and 2 were type E. The diameter of the pulmonary artery trunk in type A was larger than that in type B (P < 0.05). However, there were no significantly different between type A and type B abomg the ascending aorta diameter; descending aorta; ascending aorta/ descending aorta ratio; left pulmonary artery main trunk diameter; right pulmonary artery main trunk diameter; left pulmonary artery trunk/ pulmonary artery trunk ratio; right pulmonary artery trunk/pulmonary artery trunk ratio; left pulmonary artery trunk/right pulmonary artery trunk ratio.Conclusion: The imaging findings of IAA have typical and specific signs, and the types of IAA are not comprehensive. One type of patient identification can be added: patients who are dissected between the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery opening, and the descending aorta is circulated by the chest collaterals. Patients with wide pulmonary artery in the IAA are usually type A patients. Patients with IAA after surgical repair require lifetime follow-up, mainly to monitor left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and recurrent aortic coarctation.