bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Cu Roles Lead to High Ranged Thermoelectric Performance of PbS
Authors: Qin Yongxin , Hong Tao , Qin Bingchao , Wang Dongyang , He Wenke , Gao Xiang , Xiao Yu , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo obtain high‐performance PbS‐based thermoelectric materials, this study introduces Cu with different contrasting roles in p‐type PbS, which can effectively decrease the lattice thermal conductivity and simultaneously optimize the electrical transport properties. Experimental results illustrate that Cu substitutions and Cu interstitials can improve carrier mobility through lowering effective mass (m*) and carrier concentration (nH) in a low temperature range (300–450 K), and further optimize temperature‐dependent nH in a high temperature range (450–823 K). Both decreased m* and nH shift the peak power factor to low temperature range, leading to an ultrahigh power factor ≈23 µW cm−1 K−2 at 423 K for Pb0.99Cu0.01S‐0.01Cu. Additionally, the special dynamic‐doping behaviors of Cu can continuously promote nH to approach the temperature‐dependent relationship of (nH, opt) ≈ (m*T)1.5, which brings about an eminent average power factor (PFave) ≈ 18 µW cm−1 K−2 among 300–823 K in Pb0.99Cu0.01S‐0.01Cu. Furthermore, the microstructure characterizations unclose that the atomic and nanoscale Cu‐containing defects can effectively intensify the phonon scattering and suppress the lattice thermal conductivity. Consequently, both high ZT (≈0.2 at 300 K) and peak ZT (≈1.2 at 773 K) result in a record‐high average ZT (ZTave) of ≈0.79 at 300–823 K for Pb0.99Cu0.01S‐0.01Cu.
Innovations in Disease State Responsive Soft Materials for Targeting Extracellular Stimuli Associated with Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Beyond
Authors: Battistella Claudia , Liang Yifei , Gianneschi Nathan C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent advances in polymer chemistry, materials sciences, and biotechnology have allowed the preclinical development of sophisticated programmable nanomedicines and materials that are able to precisely respond to specific disease‐associated triggers and microenvironments. These stimuli, endogenous to the targeted diseases, include pH, redox‐state, small molecules, and protein upregulation. Herein, recent advances and innovative approaches in programmable soft materials capable of sensing the aforementioned disease‐associated stimuli and responding via a range of dynamic processes including morphological and size transitions, changes in mobility and retention, as well as disassembly are described. In this field generally, the majority of ongoing and past research effort has focused on oncology. Given this interest, examples of the latest innovative approaches to chemo‐ and immunotherapy treatment strategies for cancer are presented. Moreover, as the field broadens its attention, applications of programmable materials in other diseases are highlighted, with a special focus on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, where limited attention is paid by the field, but where many promising avenues exist with high potential impact.
Molecular Imprinting: Green Perspectives and Strategies
Authors: Arabi Maryam , Ostovan Abbas , Li Jinhua , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhiyang , Choo Jaebum , Chen Lingxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdvances in revolutionary technologies pose new challenges for human life; in response to them, global responsibility is pushing modern technologies toward greener pathways. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a multidisciplinary mimic technology simulating the specific binding principle of enzymes to substrates or antigens to antibodies; along with its rapid progress and wide applications, MIT faces the challenge of complying with green sustainable development requirements. With the identification of environmental risks associated with unsustainable MIT, a new aspect of MIT, termed green MIT, has emerged and developed. However, so far, no clear definition has been provided to appraise green MIT. Herein, the implementation process of green chemistry in MIT is demonstrated and a mnemonic device in the form of an acronym, GREENIFICATION, is proposed to present the green MIT principles. The entire greenificated imprinting process is surveyed, including element choice, polymerization implementation, energy input, imprinting strategies, waste treatment, and recovery, as well as the impacts of these processes on operator health and the environment. Moreover, assistance of upgraded instrumentation in deploying greener goals is considered. Finally, future perspectives are presented to provide a more complete picture of the greenificated MIT road map and to pave the way for further development.
Discovery of Targeted Material Binding Microorganisms Using a Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform
Authors: Han Song‐I , Sarkes Deborah A. , Jahnke Justin P. , Hurley Margaret M. , Ugaz Victor M. , Renberg Rebecca L. , Sumner James J. , Stratis‐Cullum Dimitra N. , Han Arum 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiscovery of unique peptides that specifically bind to target materials of interest is commonly achieved through biopanning‐based screening of cell libraries having high diversity. However, conventional methods have limitations in the generation of controllable shear stress applied in order to effectively remove weak and unbound cells from a target material. Here, a centrifugal force‐based microfluidic biopanning platform is presented. Using this microfluidic platform, a wide range of shear stress conditions can be generated by simply adjusting the rotation speed of the platform, which provides a precisely controllable wash step. The enhanced circularly permuted outer membrane protein X (eCPX) 3.0 bacterial peptide display library (≈1011 number of cells) is screened, and many isolates that show strong affinity towards gold only, ITO only, or both are successfully obtained through a multiround iterative sorting process. Amino acid contents of the resulting isolates are analyzed to provide a better understanding of the distinctive attributes of these peptides and their specific material‐binding capabilities. This platform is simple and easy to use and can be readily applied to screen microbial libraries against virtually any material surface of interest, which can greatly accelerate the discovery of peptide‐driven biomaterials and the development of hybrid organic–inorganic materials.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Iodocycloetherification Enabled by Triphenylphosphine Selenide Cocatalysis
Authors: Guria Sudip , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Hennecke Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnantioselective iodocycloetherifications can be conducted using sterically highly demanding BINOL‐based phosphoric acid diesters as catalyst. To achieve highly enantioselective reactions, cocatalysis by triphenylphosphine selenide is necessary. With cocatalysis, good to excellent enantioselectivities can be achieved for a broad range of substrates using catalyst and cocatalyst loadings as low as 1 mol %. The triphenylphosphine selenide cocatalyst itself does not strongly influence diastereoselectivity, but leads to higher reactivity and, in combination with a BINOL‐based phosphoric acid diester, to good enantioselectivity.magnified image
Synthesis of Fused Dihydroazepine Derivatives of Fullerenes by a Rh‐Catalyzed Cascade Process
Authors: Artigas Albert , Castanyer Cristina , Roig Nil , Lledó Agustí , Solà Miquel , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA synthetic methodology is reported that functionalizes C60 and C70 fullerenes with dihydroazepine rings by a cascade reaction encompassing a rhodium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,5‐bisallenes and a [4+2] cycloaddition. This transition metal‐catalyzed cascade reaction provides a versatile and step‐economical approach to the synthesis of 6,7‐membered polyheterocyclic fullerene adducts. Electrochemical characterization of the products obtained ventures their application in organic and perovskite photovoltaic devices.magnified image
Bright Bacterium for Hypoxia‐Tolerant Photodynamic Therapy Against Orthotopic Colon Tumors by an Interventional Method
Authors: Zhu Daoming , Zhang Jing , Luo Guanghong , Duo Yanhong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile promising, the efficacy of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by several factors including limited depth of laser penetration and intratumoral hypoxia. In the present study, a novel bacteria‐based AIEgen (TBP‐2) hybrid system (AE) is developed, that is able to facilitate the hypoxia‐tolerant PDT treatment of orthotopic colon tumors via an interventional method. For this approach, an interventional device is initially designed, composed of an optical fiber and an endoscope, allowing for clear visualization of the position of the orthotopic tumor within the abdominal cavity. It is then possible to conduct successful PDT treatment of this hypoxic tumor via laser irradiation, as the TBP‐2 is able to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via a type I mechanism within this hypoxic microenvironment. Moreover, this interventional approach is proved to significantly impair orthotopic colon cancer growth and overcame PDT defects. This study is the first report involving such an interventional PDT strategy to knowledge, and it has the potential to complement other treatment modalities while also highlighting novel approaches to the design of hybrid AIEgen systems.
Elucidating Ionic Programming Dynamics of Metal‐Oxide Electrochemical Memory for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Jeong Yangho , Lee Hyunjoon , Ryu Da Gil , Cho Seong Ho , Lee Gawon , Kim Sangbum , Kim Seyoung , Lee Yun Seog 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCross‐point arrays of synaptic devices have been investigated as a core platform for neuromorphic computing architectures. To achieve a significant speed boost in deep neural network computations compared to the von Neumann architecture, it is essential to develop synaptic devices with optimal performance for fully parallel vector‐matrix‐multiplication. Among various non‐volatile memory candidates, metal‐oxide based electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) is considered as a promising analog synapse due to its superior switching characteristics and CMOS‐compatibility. However, the switching mechanisms of metal‐oxide ECRAM remain to be understood, impeding improvements of the synaptic characteristics and device performance. Here, ionic programming dynamics based on oxygen ion migration and associated redox‐reactions are investigated in metal‐oxide ECRAMs by considering ion transport via the electrolyte and diffusion in the channel. Additionally, the origins of update asymmetry and long‐term retention found in voltage‐pulse programming measurements are explained by non‐uniform distribution of the off‐stoichiometry in the channel layer. By exploiting the programming mechanism, ECRAMs can achieve desirable synaptic characteristics under voltage‐pulse mode. Finally, experimental and simulation studies consistently suggest that channel and electrolyte with high ionic transport properties can improve the performance of metal‐oxide ECRAMs, opening a path toward optimized synaptic device characteristics for the maximum computation performance.
Robust Pseudocapacitive Sodium Cation Intercalation Induced by Cobalt Vacancies at Atomically Thin Co1−xSe2/Graphene Heterostructure for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Ding , Dou Yuhai , Tian Yuhui , Adekoya David , Xu Li , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectronic structure engineering on electrode materials could bring in a new mechanism to achieve high energy and high power densities in sodium ion batteries. Herein, we design and create Co vacancies at the interface of atomically thin CoSe2/graphene heterostructure and obtain Co1−xSe2/graphene heterostructure electrode materials that facilitate significant Na+ intercalation pseudocapacitance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the Na+ adsorption energy is dramatically increased, and the Na+ diffusion barrier is remarkably reduced due to the introduction of Co vacancy. The optimized electrode delivers a superior capacity of 673.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability of 576.5 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C and ultra‐long life up to 2000 cycles. Kinetics analysis indicates that the enhanced Na+ storage is mainly attributed to the intercalation pseudocapacitance induced by Co vacancies. This work suggests that the creation of cation vacancy could bestow heterostructured electrode materials with pseudocapacitive Na+ intercalation for high‐capacity and high‐rate energy storage.
Dinuclear Silver Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Elkoush Tasneem , Reich Natasha D. , Campbell Michael G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in the number of synthetically useful transformations catalyzed by silver. Across the range of silver‐catalyzed reactions that have been reported, dinuclear species often emerge as a common feature, either as the (pre‐)catalysts themselves or as intermediates during catalysis. This Minireview explores the role of dinuclear silver complexes in homogeneous catalysis, which we hope will aid in the development of improved design principles for silver catalysts.
Theoretical and experimental assessment of UV resistance of high‐density polyethylene: Screening and optimization of hindered amine light stabilizers
Authors: Davand Razieh , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza , Hassanajili Shadi , Rashedi Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are widely used chemical stabilizers for preventing polymer degradation. In this study, the effects of type of HALS and its content in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) over the stabilization process are investigated employing density functional theory (DFT) and experimental approach. The electrophilicity index of four types of commercial HALS are compared by DFT to select the most effective one. Besides, the HDPE sample containing a phenolic antioxidant and different contents of the selected HALS are experimentally exposed to UV irradiation. The effect of HALS content on the changes in chain microstructure and molecular weight of HDPE are evaluated using gel permeation chromatography and frequency sweep rheometry. In the absence of HALS, HDPE suffers degradation and the phenolic antioxidant causes chain scission. However, by adding HALS, the chain branching and crosslinking mechanisms are predominant. The results of FTIR, DSC, and tensile analyses follow similar trends, revealing that the best stabilization performance corresponds to adding 600 ppm HALS to HDPE.
Controllability results for quasi‐linear systems: Standard and descriptor cases
Authors: Gu Da‐Ke , Zhang Da‐Wei , Liu Yin‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the controllability of quasi‐linear systems in standard and descriptor cases. Two extended PBH criteria depending on the coefficient matrices, as sufficient conditions, are proposed to test the controllability of quasi‐linear systems for standard and descriptor cases. Finally, two practical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed criteria. The proposed method naturally extends the controllability conclusions to existing results and practically enlightens the study of nonlinear systems.
Recent advances in techniques for fabrication and characterization of nanogap biosensors: A review
Authors: Adam Tijjani , Dhahi Th. S. , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Hashim U. , Uda M. N. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanogap biosensors have fascinated researchers due to their excellent electrical properties. Nanogap biosensors comprise three arrays of electrodes that form nanometer‐size gaps. The sensing gaps have become the major building blocks of several sensing applications, including bio‐ and chemosensors. One of the advantages of nanogap biosensors is that they can be fabricated in nanoscale size for various downstream applications. Several studies have been conducted on nanogap biosensors, and nanogap biosensors exhibit potential material properties. The possibilities of combining these unique properties with a nanoscale‐gapped device and electrical detection systems allow excellent and potential prospects in biomolecular detection. However, their fabrication is challenging as the gap is becoming smaller. It includes high‐cost, low‐yield, and surface phenomena to move a step closer to the routine fabrications. This review summarizes different feasible techniques in the fabrication of nanogap electrodes, such as preparation by self‐assembly with both conventional and nonconventional approaches. This review also presents a comprehensive analysis of the fabrication, potential applications, history, and the current status of nanogap biosensors with a special focus on nanogap‐mediated bio‐ and chemical sonsors.
Investigating trace metal precipitation in highly concentrated cell culture media with Pourbaix diagrams
Authors: Brantley Timothy , Moore Brandon , Grinnell Chris , Khattak Sarwat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommercial production of therapeutic proteins using mammalian cells requires complex process solutions, and consistency of these process solutions is critical to maintaining product titer and quality between batches. Inconsistencies between process solutions prepared at bench and commercial scale may be due to differences in mixing time, temperature, and pH which can lead to precipitation and subsequent removal via filtration of critical solution components such as trace metals. Pourbaix diagrams provide a useful tool to model the solubility of trace metals and were applied to troubleshoot the scale‐up of nutrient feed preparation after inconsistencies in product titer were observed between bench‐ and manufacturing‐scale batches. Pourbaix diagrams modeled the solubility of key metals in solution at various stages of the nutrient feed preparation and identified copper precipitation as the likely root cause of inconsistent medium stability at commercial scale. Copper precipitation increased proportionally with temperature in bench‐scale preparations of nutrient feed and temperature was identified as the root cause of copper precipitation at the commercial scale. Additionally, cell culture copper titration studies performed in bench‐scale bioreactors linked copper‐deficient mammalian cell culture to inconsistent titers at the commercial scale. Pourbaix diagrams can predict when trace metals are at risk of precipitating and can be used to mitigate risk during the scale‐up of complex medium preparations.
Engineered modular microphysiological models of the human airway clearance phenomena
Authors: Pedersoli Lucia , Zhang Shuaizhong , Briatico‐Vangosa Francesco , Petrini Paola , Cardinaels Ruth , den Toonder Jaap , Peneda Pacheco Daniela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMucociliary clearance is a crucial mechanism that supports the elimination of inhaled particles, bacteria, pollution, and hazardous agents from the human airways, and it also limits the diffusion of aerosolized drugs into the airway epithelium. In spite of its relevance, few in vitro models sufficiently address the cumulative effect of the steric and interactive barrier function of mucus on the one hand, and the dynamic mucus transport imposed by ciliary mucus propulsion on the other hand. Here, ad hoc mucus models of physiological and pathological mucus are combined with magnetic artificial cilia to model mucociliary transport in both physiological and pathological states. The modular concept adopted in this study enables the development of mucociliary clearance models with high versatility since these can be easily modified to reproduce phenomena characteristic of healthy and diseased human airways while allowing to determine the effect of each parameter and/or structure separately on the overall mucociliary transport. These modular airway models can be available off‐the‐shelf because they are exclusively made of readily available materials, thus ensuring reproducibility across different laboratories.
A comparison of trajectories of offending among people with psychotic disorders, other mental disorders and no mental disorders: Evidence from a whole‐of‐population birth cohort study
Authors: Valuri Giulietta Maria , Morgan Frank , Ferrante Anna , Jablensky Assen , Morgan Vera A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrajectory analysis has been used to study long‐term offending patterns and identify offender subgroups, but few such studies have included people with psychotic disorders (PDs) and these have been restricted to adult offenders.AimsTo compare offending trajectories among 10–26‐year‐olds with PDs with those with other mental disorders (OMDs) or none (NMD) and identify associated risk factors.MethodsThis is a record‐linkage study of 184,147 people born in Western Australia (WA) 1983–1991, drawing on data from WA mental health information system, WA corrective services and other state‐wide registers. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify offending trajectories.ResultsFour offender groups were identified in each mental health status group: G1–no/negligible offending; G2–early onset, adolescent, desisting by age 18; G3–early onset, low rate, offending into early adulthood; and G4–very early onset, high rate, peaking at age 17, continuing into early adulthood. The PDs group had the lowest proportion of individuals with no or negligible offending histories—84% compared with 88.5% in the OMDs group and 96.6% in the no mental disorder group. Within mental health status offender groups, the PDs group was characterised by early or very early onset offending persisting into adulthood, accounting for 5.4% and 3.7% of the group respectively (OMD: 3.8%, 1.5%; NMD: 1.0%, 0.5%). Gender, indigenous status, substance use problems, childhood abuse and parental offending were generally associated with trajectory group membership, although among those with PDs childhood abuse and parental offending were only significant in the early onset‐life‐course‐persistent group.ConclusionsWhile most people with PDs never offend, some are disproportionately vulnerable from a particularly early age. If the offending subgroup is to be helped away from criminal justice involvement, interventions must be considered in childhood.
Thrombocytopenia secondary to iron deficiency anemia responding to iron therapy
Authors: Eisa Mahmoud S. , Al‐Tikrity Mustafa A. , Babikikir Mona M. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA broad spectrum of diseases can cause anemia and thrombocytopenia. Some of these diseases are a hematological emergency; others are benign diseases, so early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in managing such patients. Usually, IDA is associated with thrombocytosis or normal platelets; however, in rare cases, IDA can be associated with thrombocytopenia; even though, thrombocytopenia that occurs with IDA responds to iron therapy. Iron therapy rarely causes transient thrombocytopenia per se. We are reporting an African female patient who is found to have thrombocytopenia secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and she responded to iron replacement therapy initially with a transient drop in platelets, followed by a rapid rise in platelets till platelets reached the normal level.
Successful catheter ablation of postoperative atrial tachycardia with conduction disturbances: Assessment by late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and high‐resolution electro‐anatomical mapping
Authors: Nakasone Kazutaka , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Izawa Yu , Fukuzawa Koji , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtrial tachycardia (AT) in the right atrium often occurs following open‐heart surgery. Catheter ablation for these AT is challenging and can lead to unintended conduction block. We performed late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) prior to catheter ablation and predicted wavefront propagation during SR as well as the slow conduction zone during tachycardia. LGE‐MRI may assist predicting the conduction disturbance and reducing the risk of unexpected sinus exit block.