bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Social Franchising (SF) Principles in Government Health Services Improves Breastfeeding (BF) Practices in Vietnam
Authors: Rawat R , Nguyen P , Kim S , Hajeebhoy N , Tran H , Ruel M , Menon P 
Published: June 2021

Alive &Thrive (A&T) applied principles of SF to improve quality of infant & young child feeding (IYCF) counseling in >800 government health centers in Vietnam. We assessed the impact of the SF model on IYCF practices for children < 24 mo and attained linear growth for children 24‐59 mo using a cluster‐randomized evaluation design. Forty communes were randomly assigned to either 1) A&T‐intensive (A&T‐I) (standard government health services (SGHS), mass media (MM), and SF IYCF counseling), or 2) A&T‐mass media only (A&T‐MM) (SGHS and MM). Cross‐sectional surveys [N~2000 children/group] at baseline (2010) and endline (2014) were used to derive cluster‐adjusted double‐difference estimates (DDE) (differences in changes over time between groups). Large, significant impacts were seen on exclusive BF (18.9→ 57.8 in A&T‐I, p<0.001 for DDE); and not using prelacteals (50.3→ 52.2 in A&T‐I vs. 44.8→ 29.0 in A&T‐MM, p<0.001 for DDE). Compared to 2010, early initiation of BF was stable over time in A&T‐I (58.8→ 54.4), but decreased in A&T‐MM areas (58.1→ 43.4; p<0.05 for DDE), suggesting that A&T‐I services were protective. Minimum diet diversity was high (>70%) at baseline and increased to >90% in 2014 in A&T‐I and A&T‐MM (DDE n.s.). Child stunting in 24‐59 mo, already low at baseline, reduced from ~23% to ~17% between 2010 and 2014 in both groups (DDE n.s.). A SF approach to strengthening and scaling up IYCF counseling improved BF, particularly EBF, and is an effective model for integration into the health system in Vietnam and similar contexts.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI360.
Social and Behavioral Change Interventions Delivered at Scale Have Large Impacts on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices in Bangladesh
Authors: Menon P , Saha K , Kennedy A , Khaled A , Tyagi T , Sanghvi T , Afsana K , Haque R , Frongillo E , Ruel M , Rawat R 
Published: June 2021

Alive & Thrive (A&T) in Bangladesh aims to improve IYCF through 1) a national mass media (MM) campaign, 2) social mobilization and 3) interpersonal communication delivered by health workers from BRAC, and implemented at scale in 50 sub‐districts. A cluster‐randomized evaluation was conducted in 20 sub‐districts, 10 receiving all 3 interventions (A&T‐3) and 10 with MM only (A&T‐MM). Impact indicators were IYCF practices in children <24 mo and attained linear growth in children 24‐47 mo. Cross‐sectional surveys [N~2200/ group] at baseline (2010) & endline (2014) were used to derive cluster‐adjusted double‐difference estimates (DDE). Large, significant impacts were seen on 7 WHO IYCF indicators: early breastfeeding (BF) initiation (63.5 → 94.5 in A&T‐3, p<0.001 for DDE), exclusive BF (48.5 → 86.0 in A&T‐3, p<0.001), timely introduction of complementary feeding (45.9 → 97.5 in A&T‐3, p<0.05), minimum dietary diversity (32.1 → 61.7 in A&T‐3, p<0.01), minimum meal frequency (42.1 → 72.3 in A&T‐3, p<0.001), minimum acceptable diet (16.0 → 49.3 in A&T‐3, p<0.001), and intake of iron‐rich foods (39.5→ 78.6 in A&T‐3, p<0.001). Continued BF, already high in 2010, remained as high in both groups in 2014 (DDE n.s.). Stunting decreased in both A&T‐3 and A&T‐MM over this period (DDE n.s.). The large scale A&T‐3 model led to substantial comparative increases in IYCF practices, providing evidence for investments in such models to improve IYCF at scale.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, via Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI360.
Factors related to low and high monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit duration among a low‐income population in Omaha, Nebraska
Authors: Calloway Eric , Fricke Hollyanne , Pinard Courtney , Smith Teresa , Yaroch Amy 
Published: June 2021

SNAP participants may (or may not) experience the “food stamp cycle,” in which benefits are exhausted early in the month resulting in food shortages towards the end of the month.This study examined associations between the duration of time before monthly SNAP benefits are exhausted and dietary, hunger, and other factors among low‐income heads‐of‐households.Participants were recruited at libraries and food pantries and completed a self‐administered survey onsite.SNAP participants (n=175) reported monthly benefits lasting 1 to 2 weeks (low monthly benefit duration (LMD), n=62) or 3 or more weeks (high monthly benefit duration (HMD), n=113). Groups did not differ by income, family size, education, race, sex, or age. The LMD group consumed carrots (P=0.04) less frequently (nearly significantly less total fruits (p=0.053)), experienced more adverse hunger symptoms (P=0.02), reduced/skipped meals more often (P=0.01), and had lower food security (P=0.01) compared to the HMD group. Participants in the HMD group (vs. the LMD group) reported better general health (P=0.01) and family functioning (i.e., CHAOS index) (P=0.01).Family size and income were not significantly different between groups, implying that monthly monetary allotments are of similar amounts. Although this data were cross‐sectional, results suggest monthly SNAP benefit duration is associated with adverse diet and hunger related outcomes. Future studies should explore family functioning as a barrier to improved monthly benefit duration, and policymakers should consider poor health status, which may drain family resources, as necessary criteria to include in determining SNAP benefit allotment amounts.
Changes of Food Insecurity in Vietnamese Female Marriage Immigrants in South Korea: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
Authors: Yang Hyesu , Kim Hyesook , Chung Hyewon , Chang Namsoo 
Published: June 2021

Food insecurity due to economic problems, difficulty in adjusting to Korean food as well as limited access to Vietnamese foods may be the major reasons for decrease in dietary intake after the arrival of Vietnamese immigrants in Korea. This study was conducted to compare changes in food insecurity between baseline(2010) and follow‐up(2013) in 145 Vietnamese female(mean age: 24.5 years) marriage immigrants in Korea. Four food insecurity questions focusing on economic reasons and lack of adjustment to unfamiliar Korean foods were asked through face to face interviews. During the baseline survey, about 28.7% of subjects skipped meals, because they lacked enough money for food during the previous year, however it decreased to 4.9% at follow‐up. About 32.0% and 27.1% of them at baseline felt hungry or skipped meals, because there was no food that they wanted to eat or no food for their appetite at home in the last year. However, it decreased to 9.9% and 4.2% at follow‐up, respectively. Our results indicate a need for nutritional support programs for immigrant Vietnamese females in Korea.[This work was supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2010‐E71002‐00, 2013‐E71002‐00) and the BK 21 Plus.)
Relationship of household food insecurity and anemia in children receiving the benefit from food assistance programs in San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Authors: Shamah Levy Teresa , Villalpando Hernández Salvador , Cuevas Nasu Lucia , Gaona Pineda Elsa Berenice , Mendez Gómez‐ Humaran Ignacio , Rivera Dommarco Juan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of household food insecurity in children with anemia beneficiaries of food assistance programs.Methods: Within the Study of Impact evaluation of Food assistance Programs (FAP) in San Luis Potosi, México we obtained information from 1366 households with children (<5y) beneficiaries of one out of the three FAP: Prospera (before Oportunidades); School Breakfast Program (DIF); Rescue to Malnutrition with amaranth; and Control group. We used the Latin American and Caribbean Household Food Security measurement scale (ELCSA). Anemia in children was determined with the cut‐off values <110 g/L.The effect of FAP and the food insecurity (FI) level on the prevalence of anemia in children, a logistic regression model was constructed. Stunting, socioeconomic level, age, and sex were included in the model as corrective variables.Results: The prevalence of anemia increased when children were stunted (p=0.001) A higher socioeconomic index and major age were protective for the probability of anemia. Significant interactions were observed between Prospera and mild food insecurity level (p=0.095) and between anemia and DIF and mild insecurity (p=0.009) in children.Conclusions29.3% of the children from households with FI suffered anemia and the probability of being anemic increased if the children were stunted. Households with anemic children that did not receive assistance were more food secure than those that did.Supported by FOMIX, SLP‐COPOCYT.Project: FMSLP‐213‐CO2‐208475
Trends in Yogurt Consumption, US Adults, 1999‐2012
Authors: Nielsen Samara Joy , Ogden Cynthia 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 state that Americans should increase their intake of low fat and non‐fat milk and milk products including yogurt.ObjectiveThis analysis examines trends in the percentage of US adults who consumed yogurt on a given day from 1999‐2000 through 2011‐2012. Trends were analyzed by sex, race, income, and eating occasion.DesignIn the 1999‐2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, cross‐sectional nationally representative samples of the US population, yogurt consumption was collected during a single 24 hour dietary recall interview from 33,932 adults 20 years and older.ResultsIn 1999‐2000, 4.7% ±1.4% (±SE) of adults consumed yogurt on a given day, which increased to 9.3% ±0.7% in 2011‐2012. There were increases in all race/ethnic groups. Among non‐Hispanic whites, there was an increase from 5.3%±1.0% to 10.4%±1.0%; among non‐Hispanic blacks there was an increase from 2.6%±0.9% to 3.9%±0.5% and among Mexican‐Americans there was an increase from 1.9%±0.6% to 6.2%±1.6%. Similarly, increases occurred in the highest income group (5.7%±0.4% in 1999‐2000 to 12.8%±1.2% in 2011‐2012) and the lowest income group (2.6%±0.8% to 5.2%±0.8%). Increases occurred at all eating occasions with the largest increase in the percentage of adults consuming yogurt occurring at breakfast; 1.0%±0.1 in 1999‐2000 to 3.9%±0.4 in 2011‐2012.ConclusionsThe percentage of US adults consuming yogurt on a given day increased between 1999 and 2012. More adults consumed yogurt at breakfast in 2012 than in 1999.
Do Women Smokers Have Nutritional State Worse than no Smoking Women
Authors: Papini Silvia , Fidelix Melaine , Minamoto Suzana , Paiva Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Clinical and experimental studies show that smoking has harmful effects on the musculoskeletal system, and smoking cessation can reverse this condition.Objectiveto evaluate if there is a nutritional depletion in smokers and ex‐smokers women when compared to nonsmoking women.Methodsthey were evaluated 55 women, of whom 19 had never smoked (NS), 18 were active smokers (S) and 18 were ex‐smokers (Ex‐S). The evaluation was performed by means of Questionnaire of Identification and Assessment of Body Composition (anthropometry and absorptiometry of dual X‐ray of energy (DEXA)). The comparison between the three groups was performed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test or the Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, according to the distribution of variables, adopting p <0.05 significance level.ResultsThe average age of women smokers and ex‐smokers was greater than 50 years (S = 52.8±7b years, Ex‐S = 51.7± 8b years and NS = 44.4±11a, p = 0.011). All groups were classified as overweight, which differs from the literature that cites the smokers as underweight or normal weight. The average waist circumference of all groups showed values ​​above the cutoff point (80 cm). The waist‐hip ratio showed an average limit on the cutoff value considered for women (0.85). No differences were found between anthropometric parameters. The fat mass index of all groups showed values ​​above the 95 percentile, which shows a high fat mass. The lean body mass index showed values ​​between the 5 and 25 percentile, being below average, considering for both, ages ranging from 35‐54 years. No differences were found between the variables of DEXA.Conclusionsmokers and ex‐smokers women present a similar weight and body composition compared to women who have never smoked.
Dietary Intake among Home‐Delivered Meal Recipients before and after Receiving Meals
Authors: Moore Britta , Marceaux Seanna , Friedman B J , Crixell Sylvia 
Published: June 2021

The number of Americans over age 65 is growing rapidly, increasing pressure for social services such as home‐delivered meal programs (HDM) to help elderly age in place. HDM programs are struggling to meet demands since funding has declined despite evidence that a high proportion of homebound elders are at nutritional risk. It is important to assess the efficacy of HDM in improving diet. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of HDM on nutrient intake among a sample of elderly in central Texas.Food intake in older adults was collected before and 3 months after receiving HDM meals in 2 separate samples, in 2011 (N=38), and in 2013 (N=28). In 2011, nutrient intake was assessed using the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire and in 2013, with the web‐based Diet History Questionnaire II. Data were combined for this analysis. Depending on the normality of the data, paired t‐tests or Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were conducted to compare pre and post intake of 31 dietary variables. In each sample and in the combined sample, the number of subjects who met dietary recommendations for macronutrient distributions, fiber, magnesium, riboflavin, and vitamins E and D remained the same or increased after receiving HDM, while the number of subjects who met phosphorus recommendations declined after receiving meals. Additionally, intakes of 14 nutrients were significantly greater or showed a trend toward increasing in the 2013 sample. However, in each sample and the combined sample, only % kcal from protein, riboflavin, and vitamin B12 recommendations were met by more than 75% of clients at follow‐up. While these results support the positive contribution of HDMs on nutrient intake, they also highlight the need for nutrition support for homebound elderly.
Association Between Obstetric Provider's Advice and Gestational Weight Gain in a Diverse Sample of Women
Authors: Lopez‐Cepero Andrea , Leung K , Corvera S , Moore T , Rosal MC 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOptimal gestational weight gain (GWG) reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus, the Institute of Medicine provides recommendations for GWG. However, the frequency in which obstetric providers deliver GWG advice to their patients is unclear. Moreover, little is known about the degree to which women follow such advice.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency of subjects' self‐reported GWG advice received from providers and self‐reported adherence to such advice.Methods: Healthy pregnant women (N=94) enrolled in care <17 weeks gestation completed assessments that included survey (demographics, questions on receipt of, agreement with and adherence to provider GWG advice) and anthropometric measures. GWG data were abstracted from medical records. Analyses included chi‐square and t‐tests, and binary and multivariate logistic regressions.Results: The cohort age was 28 (+5.1) years; 67% White, 28% Hispanic, 51% overweight pre‐pregnancy, and 64% with above‐guideline GWG. 71% reported receiving GWG advice from their obstetric providers. Controlling for gestational age and pre‐pregnancy BMI, receiving GWG advice was associated with increased risk of excessive weight gain (OR=3.216, CI: 1.098, 9.419). However, those that reported following the advice, gained on average 13.4 pounds less than those that did not and had lower odds of excessive weight gain (OR=0.144, CI: 0.033, 0.624).ConclusionRecollection of provider GWG advice is less than optimal. Advice was associated with greater GWG. Findings show favorable outcomes among women who reported following their providers' advice. Strategies that promote obstetric providers' delivery of GWG advice and pregnant women's adherence to the GWG advice received are needed.
The Impact of Weight Loss on Quality of Life in Overweight Women with Irregular Menses
Authors: Lin Annie , Jarrett Brittany , Lujan Marla 
Published: June 2021

Despite evidence that weight loss improves reproductive outcomes and quality of life (QoL), little is known about the factors that influence QoL among overweight women with irregular menses during weight loss intervention. Thus, we examined the 1) validity of a modified QoL instrument related to oligoamenorrhea and 2) impact of weight loss on QoL among overweight women with irregular menses.Participants (N=17) completed a subset of questions based on a validated QoL questionnaire (PCOSQ) before and after a 3 month hypocaloric diet. Higher scores indicated lower or worse QoL. Simple linear regression was used to examine associations between directly observed clinical characteristics and QoL scores. Changes in scores on the 5 QoL domains (emotion, hirsutism, infertility, weight, menstrual problems) were assessed by paired t‐tests or Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank tests.The dietary intervention led to an average weight loss of ‐8.3 kg (P<0.0001). At baseline, clinical evidence of hirsutism was associated with QoL hirsutism domain (r = 0.71, P<0.002), and measured weight was associated with QoL weight domain (r = 0.48, P = 0.05), supporting the instrument as a valid measure of QoL. At post‐intervention, all QoL scores decreased from baseline (P<0.05), thus indicating better QoL after weight loss. Changes in scores were driven by changes in questions about facial hirsutism, fatigue, menstrual cramps, weight maintenance and infertility‐related unhappiness.The modified PCOSQ was an appropriate instrument to measure QoL in this sample. Weight loss was associated with improved QoL related to reproductive dysfunction among overweight women with irregular menses. Further analyses will be performed to determine potential interactions between weight loss, reproductive outcomes and QoL.
Maternal Diet Quality and Obesity in Pregnancy Jointly Influence Neonatal Adiposity
Authors: Shapiro Allison , Kaar Jill , Crume Tessa , Starling Anne , Ringham Brandy , Glueck Deborah , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Dabelea Dana 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA poor maternal diet in pregnancy may influence fetal growth and may compound the effect of maternal obesity on neonatal adiposity. In a cohort of 978 mother‐offspring pairs we investigated maternal diet quality and it's interaction with maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on neonatal adiposity (percent fat mass, %FM).MethodsDiet in pregnancy was assessed via repeated Automated Self‐administered 24‐hour dietary recalls, yielding Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI) scores (0‐100) for each mother. HEI score was categorized into tertiles (<57, 57‐65, >66), with low scores representing poor diet quality. Pre‐pregnancy BMI was obtained from medical records or self‐report. Neonatal %FM was assessed near birth using air displacement plethysmography. Using a multivariable model with neonatal %FM as the outcome, categorized HEI and BMI as predictors, and multiple covariates, we used F tests to examine components of the interaction between HEI and BMI.ResultsTotal HEI score ranged from 38.0 to 88.7 (mean: 62.4, SD: 10.3). Means for %FM by BMI and HEI trended upward with worsening tertiles of HEI score and increasing categories of BMI (Figure 1). There was an interaction between the lowest HEI tertile and obese BMI (β =1.25, 95% CI: 0.01‐2.50, p<0.05).ConclusionsPre‐pregnancy obesity and poor diet synergistically increase neonatal adiposity. Dietary interventions targeted at women with obesity before pregnancy may reduce neonatal adiposity.
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Influence of Omega‐6 HUFA Status on Recovery of Muscle Performance After Fatiguing Exercise
Authors: Montain Scott , Johannsen Neil , Champagne Catherine , Marriott Bernadette , Hibbeln Joseph , Hawes Michael , Berry Kevin 
Published: June 2021

High %n‐6 HUFA in plasma and tissues is associated with a heightened inflammatory response.PURPOSETo test if a diet that lowers the %n‐6 would be associated with less strength loss after fatiguing load carriage exercise and shorter time to recover muscle strength and performance.METHODSVolunteers were randomly assigned to either a control diet (CON; n=23; 22.5 g n‐6 and 0.2 g n‐3 HUFA/2,000 kcal) plus placebo smoothie (‐S), an experimental diet (EXP; n=25; 8.0 g n‐6 and 0.9 g n‐3 HUFA/2,000 kcal) and ‐S, or EXP plus n‐3 fortified smoothie (EXP+S; n=23; 1.9 g n‐3 HUFA) for 10 weeks. Volunteers performed a single leg step test (up to 3 sets & 6 min each leg) while wearing a 20 kg vest. Maximal isometric and isokinetic torque at 60°/sec, and total work during 20 reps at 180°/sec were measured before, 5 min after the step test, and 24, 48 and 72 h of recovery.RESULTSThe step test produced a 20% (95%CI 16‐25), 19% (12‐25), and 19% (15‐27) reduction in isometric torque for EXP+S, EXP‐S, and CON, respectively, with no group x time interaction during recovery (p=0.89). A similar magnitude and pattern was observed for isokinetic torque and total work.CONCLUSIONA 10‐wk dietary manipulation that substantially lowered %n‐6 and increased %n‐3 HUFA was not associated with less fatigue or faster recovery after load carriage exercise. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Dept. Army, Dept. Defense, or the U.S. Government.
Quinoa protective effects against obesity‐induced intestinal inflammation
Authors: Noratto G , Carrion‐Rabanal R , Medina G , Mencia A , Mohanty I , Gonzalez D , Murphy K 
Published: June 2021

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), contains polyphenols that can reach the colon and provide benefits for intestinal health. Our objective was to investigate the stability of polyphenols in quinoa varieties after cooking and potential effects of quinoa polyphenols in prevention of intestinal inflammation.Extractable and non‐extractable polyphenols were assessed following standard analytical procedures. The obese diabetic (db/db) (obese control) mice and the lean counterparts (lean group) fed with a standard diet were compared to a db/db group fed with an isocaloric Std. diet supplemented with quinoa (quinoa group) for 8 weeks (n=5).Results showed that among the quinoa varieties analyzed, Cherry Vanilla and Temuko represented the two highest and lowest extremes regarding the contents of extractable polyphenols while Faro and Black represented two extremes for the contents of non‐extractable polyphenols. However, these varieties did not reach statistical significance after cooking. Body weight gain was prevented by quinoa consumption (~ 84.87 ± 1.46% of obese control). mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF in colonic mucosal cells were similar in lean and quinoa groups, while in obese group were 2.5‐, 3.0‐, and 6.2‐fold of lean controls, respectively. The protective effects of colonic mucosal cells might be due to the polyphenols present in quinoa that also downregulated IL‐1β, IL‐8, and TNF cytokines in colonic epithelial Caco‐2 cells in vitro. Overall, quinoa consumption can prevent inflammation and promote gastrointestinal health in part due to its content of polyphenols.