bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Past Oral Contraceptive Use and the Prevalence of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women: The Fifth (2010–2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)
Authors: Lee JungJu , Jeong Hyunsuk , Yoon Joo Hee , Yim Hyeon Woo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There is little evidence as to whether the use of oral contraceptives(OC) during the fertile years affects the development of postmenopausal hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of past use of OC on the development of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified into three groups based on past OC use duration: nonusers, short-term users(0–30months), and long-term users(≥30 months). We evaluated the development of hypertension in women after menopause. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the association between the use of OC during the fertile years and the prevalence of hypertension after menopause following adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results: Of the 3,386 postmenopausal women, 2,713 were nonusers of OC, 489 were short-term users, and 184 were long-term users. Women who had used OC for 30 months or more had a significantly greater prevalence of hypertension after menopause than those who had never taken OC. The association between taking OC for 30 months or more during the fertile years and the prevalence of hypertension after menopause was significant following adjustment for potential confounding factors (aOR:1.92; 95%CI:1.22–3.00). Conclusion: This study identified an association between past OC use and an increased prevalence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Our results suggest that long-term use of OC during the fertile years can be an important risk factor for subsequent hypertension after menopause.
Evaluation of Sovodak (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir) Treatment Outcome in COVID-19 Patient's Compared with Kaletra (Lopinavir/ritonavir): a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yadollahzadeh Mahdi , Eskandari Mohana , Roham Maryam , Zamani Farhad , Laali Azadeh , Kalantari Saeed , Yassin Zeynab , movahedi Erfaneh , Farrokhpour Mohsen , Zeiaei Mohamad Taghei , Rezaie Nader , Izadi Shirin , Rahimian Neda , Moetamed Nima , Aliakbar Amirhossein , Soleimany Fatemeh , Karampoor Sajad , Ashrafi G. Hossein , Tameshkel Fahimeh Safarnezhad , Ranjbar Mitra , Makiani Mahin Jamshidi , Niya Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection and treatment are significant health organizations' concerns worldwide. Although there is no proven drug license against the virus, a variety of components have under investigation. In this regard, the present study was intended to evaluate the consequences of Sovodak (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir) treatment in COVID-19 patients compared with Kaletra (Lopinavir/ritonavir). Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized trial using 120 COVID19 confirmed cases between August 19th and September 19th, 2020, in which subjects were classified into two treatment groups, 58 (Sovodak group) and 54 (Kaletra group). Related statistical operations calculated significant outcomes such as survival rate and hazard ratio via SPSS v.16. Sovodak was composed of Sofosbuvir 400mg and Daclatasvir 60mg, and Kaletra included Lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg. Results: We observed that there was no significant difference concerning the comorbidities, death, ICU admission, remission. Besides, Kaletra had a higher rate of discharge versus Sovodak (HR=1.551 (95% CI=1.008-2.386), P-value=0.046), and a better outcome was observed in patients receiving Conclusion: Sovodak compared to Kaletra by Hazard plot. Sovodak (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir) therapy in COVID19 cases was accompanied by a significantly higher survival rate and better outcome than Kaletra (Lopinavir/ritonavir).
Investigating social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Bozorgpanah Hiva , Moradi Ghobad , Bahrami Pourya , Noori Elham , Ezati Mohammad Pourya , Soleimani Nazanine , Yousefi Fayegh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aim: the present study was conducted to investigate social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study. The total of 380 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by Probability Proportional to Size Sampling method, from the lists of the students in each faculty. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, organized in four sections. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 21.Results: Based on the results of this study 373 (98.2%) of the sample students were on social media, which the most popular ones among them were Telegram (94.1%), Instagram (78.8%) and Whatsapp (61.9%), respectively. The average time spent on social media among students was reported to be 2.78 hours per day and is a significant difference between age groups in terms of attitudes toward using social media (P = 0.031).Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that the majority of students use social media. Since improper use of social media can exert unfortunate effects on different aspects of life of students, and negatively influence their education.
Predictors of Response and Remission From Depression at 6-months of Treatment Within an Integrated Care Program
Authors: Jeffrey Jessica , Klomhaus Alex , Aralis Hilary , Barrera Wendy , Rosenberg Shanna , Grossman Mark , Lester Patricia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Increased understanding of patient- and system-level factors associated with depression treatment outcomes could help guide the delivery and design of behavioral health services within primary care settings. Methods: Using routine behavioral health screening and EHR data, we identified a sample of 615 adult patients receiving depression treatment within an integrated care program. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) data was analyzed for the 6 months following initiation of treatment. Multinomial regression models were estimated to identify factors associated with depression treatment response (PHQ-9 < 10) and remission (PHQ-9 < 5).Results: At 6 months, 47% and 16% of patients demonstrated response and remission, respectively. Baseline trauma symptoms and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with decreased odds of achieving remission (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.45 (0.23, 0.88) and OR = 0.49 (0.29, 0.82), respectively). In fully adjusted models, baseline suicidal ideation remained significant (OR = 0.53 (0.31, 0.89)). Conclusions: Routine screening for depression and trauma symptoms at baseline should be considered when designing depression treatment services in real-world settings. After controlling for baseline depression symptoms, the presence of suicidal ideation predicts reduced likelihood of remission.
Impact of Over-exploitation in Coastal Groundwater on the Variations in Submarine Groundwater Discharge Rate in a Complex Two Aquifer System by Finite Element Modelling: A Case Study From South India
Authors: Rajaveni Sundara Pandian , Indu Sumadevi Nair , Brindha Karthikeyan , Elango Lakshmanan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of coastal groundwater over-exploitation on the variations in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) flux rate and seawater exchange flux across the seabed. As a case study, numerical modelling techniques were applied to a complex multi-aquifer system located north of Chennai, India, which has been affected since the mid-1970s by overexploitation and seawater intrusion. Because of the relatively high hydraulic conductivity, the model shows a higher amount of seawater inflow in the central part of the region. From 2000 to 2012, the movement of seawater has increased from 17,000 m3/day to 24,500 m3/day due to groundwater overexploitation from the semi-confined aquifer. However, the quantum of flux from the sea to the aquifer has been reduced from the year 2006 due to the termination of pumping from a well field supplying a part of the city’s water supply. Model simulations show that fresh groundwater of 43,312 m3/day and saltwater of 43,815 m3/day will be discharged to the aquifer by the end of 2030. In addition to the prevailing condition, various management scenarios were also predicted to prevent the degradation of groundwater quality due to seawater intrusion. By adopting managed aquifer recharge methods, saltwater intrusion (rate of 4408 m3/day) can be reduced and SGD (rate of 22414 m3/day) rate increased. Findings from this study are expected to enhance the understanding of SGD and freshwater budget in coastal areas and in creating integrated coastal management plans.
Analysis of OFDM Based Bidirectional Relay Network with Multiple Antennas in the Presence of Phase Noise
Authors: V.N Senthil Kumaran , A Andrew Roobert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, a bidirectional relay network based on OFDM with multiple antennas at source nodes is proposed. The concepts of Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) are applied at the source nodes in first and second time slots respectively to exploit spatial diversity to improve the outage performance in the presence of phase noise. Modeling and analysis of the proposed bidirectional relay network in the presence of phase noise are briefly discussed. Analytical results have been verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. The performance of the proposed work is compared with the literature, and better performance is observed in the proposed work
SEAI: Secrecy and Efficiency Aware Inter-gNB Handover Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol in 5G Communication Network
Authors: Gupta Shubham , Parne Balu L. , Chaudhari Narendra S. , Saxena Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has initiated to work in the Fifth Generation (5G) network to fulfill the security characteristics of IoT-based services. 3GPP has proposed the 5G handover key structure and framework in a recently published technical report. In this paper, we evaluate the handover authentication methodologies available in the literature and
identify the security vulnerabilities such as violation of global base-station, failure of key forward/backward secrecy, de-synchronization attack, and huge network congestion. Also, these protocols suffer from high bandwidth consumption that doesn’t suitable for energy efficient mobile devices in 5G network. To overcome these concerns, we introduce Secrecy and Efficiency Aware Inter-gNB (SEAI) handover Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol. The formal security
proof of the protocol is carried out by random oracle model to achieve the session key secrecy, confidentiality, and integrity. For the protocol correctness and achieve the mutual authentication property, simulation is performed using the AVISPA tool. Also, the informal security evaluation represents that the protocol defeats all the possible attacks and achieves the necessary security properties. Moreover, the performance evaluation of the earlier 5G handover protocols and proposed SEAI protocol is carried out. From the evaluations, the significant results are obtained based on computation, transmission, and communication overhead.
Ezh2 as an epigenetic checkpoint regulator during monocyte differentiation: a potential target to improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction
Authors: Rondeaux Julie , Groussard Deborah , Renet Sylvanie , Tardif Virginie , Dumesnil Anaïs , Chu Alphonse , Henry Jean-Paul , Badji Zina , Vézier Claire , Béziau Delphine , Guerrot Dominique , Brand Marjorie , Richard Vincent , Durand Eric , Brakenhielm Ebba , Fraineau Sylvain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of histone H3K27 methylation has recently emerged as a key step during alternative M2-like macrophage polarization, essential for cardiac repair after Myocardial Infarction (MI). We hypothesized that EZH2, responsible for H3K27 methylation, could act as an epigenetic checkpoint regulator during this process. We demonstrate for the first-time an EZH2 ectopic, and putative inactive, cytoplasmic localization of the epigenetic enzyme, during monocyte differentiation in vitro as well as in M2 macrophages in vivo during post-MI cardiac inflammation. Moreover, we show that pharmacological EZH2 inhibition, with GSK-343, resolves H3K27 methylation at the promoter of bivalent genes, thus enhancing their expression to promote human monocyte repair functions. In line with this protective effect, GSK-343 treatment accelerated cardiac inflammatory resolution preventing infarct expansion and subsequent cardiac dysfunction after MI in vivo. In conclusion, our study reveals that epigenetic modulation of cardiac-infiltrating immune cells may hold promise to limit adverse cardiac remodeling after MI.
Spatial analysis of mangrove forest management for the reduction of air temperature and CO2 emission
Authors: Sumarmi Sumarmi , Purwanto Purwanto , Bachri Syamsul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surabaya is a coastal city that is still developing. Like other developing cities, Surabaya highly suppresses the mangrove forest for the residential, industry and other areas. Mangrove forest as a conservation land has an essential function as an oxygen source for people in Surabaya and it absorbs CO2. Mangrove forest functions to decrease the impact of global warming and maintain the coastal ecosystem sustainability. This research aimed to 1) Map the dynamics of temperature in Surabaya during the last twenty years (1996-2016) by using Remote Sensing and GIS. 2) Examine the ability of mangrove forest in absorbing CO2 and heat energy in decreasing the impact of global warming in Surabaya. The research results showed that 1) based on the analysis result of temperature surface extent, the temperature has changed since 1996 up to 2016. The trend of the temperature change can be classified into three surface temperatures which are low, moderate and high. The low temperature with the category of 210-300C had a different trend. Every year, the trend of the area extent of which surface temperature was highly categorized was 310-420C. The trend was highly increasing in the period of 2006-2016. Such condition showed that, in 2016, Surabaya had a high temperature increase. (2) There was a correlation between mangrove forest change and the temperature change; the content of CO2 in the mangrove, vegetation and water areas was reduced and it increased in the areas used for buildings such as factory, residential, road and other. The content of CO2 in the air of Surabaya showed the distribution grouping in the “high” and “extremely high” categories. The high category was 27.5% and the extremely high category was 67.5%. The sample point in each moderate and low category was around 25%.
WITHDRAWN: Spatial Effects of Internal and External Conflicts on Regional Maternal Mortality
Authors: Khezri Mohsen , Razzaghi Somayeh , Khezri Somayeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The high maternal mortality rates in African and Middle Eastern countries motivated the present study to explore the causes of such a phenomenon from a broader perspective. Extensive internal and external conflicts, including war and cross-border, foreign pressures, civil war, terrorism, and civil disorder conflicts, are the dominant feature of these countries. Therefore, this paper aims to elicit the influential factors in maternal mortality in the Middle East and Africa, with a special emphasis on the contribution of internal and external conflicts.Methods: This study investigates data from 46 Asian and African countries from 2011 to 2017 on the regional effects of such conflicts on maternal mortality using spatial models. Results: According to the results, the model control variables, except for trade openness, were found to have significant effects on the maternal mortality rate. Economic growth and natural resource rents through the expansion of health services showed significant effects on mortality reduction. In addition, the expansion of urbanization has led to an increase in maternal mortality rates. Also, most internal and external conflicts lead to a decrease in the production orientation towards health services, increasing maternal mortality rates, while war and cross-border have quite opposite effects. Conclusions: The expansion of health services during the emergence of such conflicts reduces the maternal mortality rate. According to the results, conflicts such as war, foreign pressures, and terrorism in neighboring countries lead to increased mortality rates in the country of origin, suggesting that regional conflicts can have spillover effects on the regional extensions of maternal mortality rates.
Dose-Effect of Long-Snake-Like Moxibustion for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ma Tingting , Gong Rui , Zheng Rui , Wu Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease with high incidence rate and great impact on life, but it lacks for specific pharmacological treatment and diagnostic indicators. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), fatigue is the result of Yang deficiency. Long-snake-like moxibustion, as one of a special moxa therapy, has been applied in Yang deficiency patients for thousands of years in China and it is used widely to relieve fatigue symptoms for its strong function of Yang warming. However, the does-effect relationship is unclear in the moxibustion research. Hence, we design this trial to assess the duration-effect of long-snake-like moxibustion through combining measurements of the subjective patient-reported scales with objective medical infrared imaging technology─Thermal Texture Maps (TTM).
Methods

This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Thirty healthy women and sixty female CFS patients will be recruited to receive the first TTM scanning, then CFS patients will be allocated to 60-minute long-snake-like moxibustion (Group A) and 30-minute long-snake-like moxibustion (Group B) equally. These two groups will receive corresponding treatment once a day, three sessions per week every other day for consecutive 4 weeks. The second TTM scanning will be employed for CFS patients after the end of treatment. The primary outcome will be the score improvement of the Fatigue scale-14 (FS-14). Secondary outcomes include the change of the Self-rating depression scale (SDS),the Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and the Symptoms Scale of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency.
Discussion

The trial will provide evidence for the choice of treatment duration for long-snake-like moxibustion in treating CFS. The results will contribute to explore the dose-effect relationship of moxibustion, and optimize the efficacy of moxibustion therapy.
Trial registration:

Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (No. ChiCTR2000041000), on 16th December, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62488
Flexible Methyl Cellulose/Polyaniline/Silver composite films with Enhanced Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Atta Ali , Hamied Mostufa Abdel , Abdelreheem Ahmed , Berber Mohamed R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In order to potentiate implementations in optical energy applications, flexible polymer composite films comprising methyl cellulose (MC), polyaniline (PANI) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully fabricated through a solution cast preparation method. The composite structure of the fabricated film was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, indicating a successful incorporation of AgNPs into the MC/PANI blend. The optical parameters such as band gap (Eg), absorption edge (Ed), number of carbon cluster (N) and Urbach energy (Eu) of pure MC polymer, MC/PANI blend and MC/PANI/Ag film were determined by using the UV optical absorbance in the wavelength range 200 to 110 nm. The influence of AgNPs and PANI on linear optical (LO) and nonlinear optical (NLO )parameters such as reflection extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant, nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear susceptibility of MC polymer were also investigated. The results showed a decrease in the band gap of MC/PANI/AgNPs compared to the pure MC film. Meanwhile, the estimated carbon cluster number enhanced with the incorporation of the AgNPs. The addition of AgNPs and PANI also improved the optical parameters of MC polymer, a trait that makes the current composite a convenient material for optical energy applications.
Observation of robust energy transfer in the photosynthetic protein allophycocyanin using single-molecule pump-probe spectroscopy
Authors: Moya Raymundo , Norris Audrey , Kondo Toru , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms convert sunlight to electricity with near unity quantum efficiency. Absorbed photoenergy transfers through a network of chromophores positioned within protein scaffolds, which fluctuate due to thermal motion. The resultant variation in energy transfer has not yet been measured, and so how the efficiency is robust to this variation, if any, has not been determined. Here, we describe single-molecule pump-probe spectroscopy with facile spectral tuning and its application to the ultrafast dynamics of single allophycocyanin, a light-harvesting protein from cyanobacteria. Using the spectral dependence of the dynamics, energy transfer and energetic relaxation from nuclear motion were disentangled. For energy transfer, an asymmetric distribution of timescales was observed. For energetic relaxation, the timescales were slower and more heterogeneous due to the impact of the protein environment. Collectively, these results suggest that energy transfer is robust to protein fluctuations, a prerequisite for efficient light harvesting.