bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of anakinra, sarilumab, siltuximab and tocilizumab for COVID-19
Authors: Khan Fasihul A , Stewart Iain , Fabbri Laura , Moss Samuel , Robinson Karen , Smyth Alan Robert , Jenkins Gisli 
Published: February 2021

Background
There is accumulating evidence for an overly activated immune response in severe COVID-19, with several studies exploring the therapeutic role of immunomodulation. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess the effectiveness of specific interleukin inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched on 7 January 2021 to identify studies of immunomodulatory agents (anakinra, sarilumab, siltuximab and tocilizumab) for the treatment of COVID-19. The primary outcomes were severity on an Ordinal Scale measured at day 15 from intervention and days to hospital discharge. Key secondary endpoints included overall mortality.

Results

71 studies totalling 22 058 patients were included, 6 were randomised trials. Most studies explored outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab (60/71). In prospective studies, tocilizumab was associated with improved unadjusted survival (risk ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.96, I
2
=0.0%), but conclusive benefit was not demonstrated for other outcomes. In retrospective studies, tocilizumab was associated with less severe outcomes on an Ordinal Scale (generalised OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.64, I
2
=98%) and adjusted mortality risk (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66, I
2
=76.6%). The mean difference in duration of hospitalisation was 0.36 days (95% CI −0.07 to 0.80, I
2
=93.8%). There was substantial heterogeneity in retrospective studies, and estimates should be interpreted cautiously. Other immunomodulatory agents showed similar effects to tocilizumab, but insufficient data precluded meta-analysis by agent.

Conclusion
Tocilizumab was associated with a lower relative risk of mortality in prospective studies, but effects were inconclusive for other outcomes. Current evidence for the efficacy of anakinra, siltuximab or sarilumab in COVID-19 is insufficient, with further studies urgently needed for conclusive findings.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020176375.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ФАРМАКОЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЇ РЕВМАТОЇДНОГО АРТРИТУ
Authors: Khanyk N. L. , Levytska О. R. , Bilushchak H. I. , Horodetska I. Ya. , Khanyk Т. Ya. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи. Порівняльний аналіз призначень лікарських засобів (ЛЗ) для фармакотерапії (ФТ) хворих з ревматоїдним артритом (РА) в умовах закладу охорони здоров’я стаціонарного типу (ЗОЗст) у 2009 та 2019 рр. і встановлення впливу чинних медико-технологічних документів на структуру таких призначень.
Матеріали і методи. Об’єктами дослідження були медичні карти і листки лікарських призначень (ЛЛП) 89 та 108 стаціонарних хворих з РА, котрі знаходилися на лікуванні у ревматологічному відділенні комунального некомерційного підприємства «4-а міська клінічна лікарня міста Львова» (КНП «4 МКЛ м. Львова») у 2009 та 2019 рр. відповідно. У роботі використовували методи: інформаційного пошуку, частотного, порівняльного, контент-аналізів, узагальнення даних та кластерного аналізу.
Результати й обговорення. Контент-аналіз ЛЛП дозволив установити, що для ФТ РА використовувались ЛЗ трьох груп: хворобомодифікуючі протиревматичні препарати (ХМПРП), глюкокортикостероїди (ГКС) та нестероїдні протизапальні лікарські засоби (НПЗЛЗ). За досліджуваний період значно зросла частка призначень ХМПРП і знизилася – НПЗЛЗ. Порівняльний аналіз схем призначень ФТ РА засвідчив збільшення частки призначень тих схем лікування, де використовують ХМПРП, що відповідає вимогам чинного клінічного протоколу медичної допомоги хворим з РА. На підставі кластерного аналізу 24 міжнародних непатентованих назв (МНН) ЛЗ за частотою їх призначень виділено три групи ЛЗ. Перша – препарати, які не призначались у 2019 р.; друга – препарати-лідери за призначуваністю; третя – ЛЗ із середнім та низьким рівнем призначуваності.
Висновки. Проведений аналіз призначень ХМПРП, НПЗЛЗ та ГКС для фармакотерапії РА показав вагомий вплив клінічних протоколів на вибір тактики лікування РА. Кластерний аналіз дозволив розбити ЛЗ на групи та визначити найперспективніші ЛЗ для лікування РА.
ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ БОРОТЬБИ З ФАЛЬСИФІКАЦІЄЮ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ В УКРАЇНІ: ПОГЛЯД ФАХІВЦІВ АПТЕЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ
Authors: Lebed S. O. , Nemchenko A. S. , Pasichnyk M. F. 
Published: February 2021

Метою роботи було проведення оцінки ефективності боротьби з фальсифікацією ліків із використанням анкетного опитування фахівців аптечних закладів різних регіонів України.
Матеріали та методи дослідження. Наукові публікації за проблемою фальсифікації ліків, а також аналіз даних анкетування фахівців аптечних закладів різних регіонів України щодо проблем боротьби з фальсифікацією лікарських засобів (ЛЗ). Дослідження проводили з використанням методів анкетного опитування, систематизації та узагальнення.
Результати і обговорення. За результатами анкетного опитування, проведеного на національному рівні (13 областей, що представляють схід, захід, північ, південь та центр України), понад 33% опитуваних відповіли, що частка фальсифікованих лікарських засобів (ФЛЗ) складає від 1% до 5%, що відповідає даним, які наводилися ВООЗ щодо об’єму субстандартних та фальсифікованих лікарських засобів для країн з низьким і середнім рівнем доходу (до 10,5%) [1]. До ознак фальсифікації ЛЗ респонденти найбільше віднесли «Маркування на іноземній мові» (44,85%). Щодо основних каналів збуту ФЛЗ, то понад 75% респондентів назвали інтернет-торгівлю. Стосовно методів та заходів, які слід застосовувати виробникам та аптечним закладам в боротьбі з фальсифікацією ліків, то такими назвали дотримання стандарту GMP близько 75% опитуваних, в той же час понад 64% очікують від виробників запровадження додаткового захисту упаковок ЛЗ від підробок, зокрема 44% - обов'язковий перехід на маркування 2-d штрих-кодами, а також понад 78% респондентів назвали закупівлю ЛЗ лише у постачальників, сертифікованих на відповідність GDP.
Висновок. З метою створення ефективної системи боротьби з розповсюдженням фальсифікованих ліків пропонується створення Національної програми боротьби з фальсифікацією ЛЗ, а також розробка практичних рекомендацій для фармацевтичних фахівців щодо виявлення фальсифікованих препаратів і запобігання їх незаконному обігу.
The Emamzadeh Yahya at Varamin: A Present History of a Living Shrine, 2018–20
Authors: Overton Keelan , Maleki Kimia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Emamzadeh Yahya at Varamin, a tomb-shrine located south of Tehran, is well known for supplying global museums with iconic examples of Ilkhanid-period luster tilework. After providing a historiography of the site, including its plunder in the late nineteenth century, we explore its current (2018–20) “life” in order to illuminate the many ways that it can be accessed, used, perceived, and packaged by a wide range of local, national, and global stakeholders. Merging past and present history, art history and amateur anthropology, and the academic, personal, and popular voice, this article explores the Emamzadeh Yahya’s delicate and active existence between historical monument, museum object, sacred space, and cultural heritage.
The Topography of Corporal Relics in Twelver Shiʿism
Authors: Parsapajouh Sepideh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Because of the plurality of the venerated figures, the holy places of Twelver Shiʿism are numerous. This paper focuses on places of devotion that are supposed to contain bodily relics and presents them in a schematic framework to discuss the importance of some of these places, and some aspects of their transformations over time. I first identify the sacred figures of Shiʿism and the place or the places (multi-locality of tombs) attributed to each of them. I then move on to a discussion of two things that can seem paradoxical, i.e. the immateriality of the sacred figure, and his/her omnipresence beyond places. My findings are based on field observations and interviews, and on documentary and published sources.
Material Images and Mental Ziyāra: Depicting the Prophet’s Grave in North African Devotional Books (Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt)
Authors: Abid Hiba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt (Guidelines to the Blessings) is a very popular book of prayers over the Prophet Muḥammad, originally written around the mid-fifteenth century by Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (d. 869/1465). The Dalāʾil is probably the only illustrated religious text in the Maghreb, where the image has been the subject of more profound reluctance than in the rest of the Muslim world. They show the sacred tomb of the Prophet inside the mosque of Medina, as well as his minbar, his miḥrāb and his sandals (naʿl), one of the most venerated relics in Islam. If the images in North African books have been systematically interpreted in a superficial way, this article proposes a reading at the crossroads of art history, codicology and a careful examination of the main text and the precious annotations added by the readers of some unpublished manuscripts. We will then understand that these illustrations have gradually acquired an autonomous place within the book. They act alongside the text, as memorial images of the sacred space hosting the holy body of the Prophet, and as a virtual substitute for the pilgrimage to Medina. It is in fact through this act, be it physical or virtual, that Muslims hope to visualize, in a dream, the figure of their loved one, Muḥammad.
Spiciness Anomalies of Subantarctic Mode Water in the South Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates spreading and generation of spiciness anomalies of the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) located on 26.6 to 26.8 σθ in the south Indian Ocean, using in situ hydrographic observations, satellite measurements, reanalysis datasets, and numerical model output. The amplitude of spiciness anomalies is about 0.03 psu or 0.13°C and tends to be large along the streamline of the subtropical gyre, whose upstream end is the outcrop region south of Australia. The speed of spreading is comparable to that of the mean current, and it takes about a decade for a spiciness anomaly in the outcrop region to spread into the interior up to Madagascar. In the outcrop region, interannual variability in mixed layer temperature and salinity tends to be density compensating, which indicates that Eulerian temperature or salinity changes account for the generation of isopycnal spiciness anomalies. It is known that wintertime temperature and salinity in the surface mixed layer determine the temperature and salinity relationship of a subducted water mass. Considering this, the mixed layer heat budget in the outcrop region is estimated based on the concept of effective mixed layer depth, the result of which shows the primary contribution from horizontal advection. The contributions from Ekman and geostrophic currents are comparable. Ekman flow advection is caused by zonal wind stress anomalies and the resulting meridional Ekman current anomalies, as is pointed out by a previous study. Geostrophic velocity is decomposed into large-scale and mesoscale variability, both of which significantly contribute to horizontal advection.
The difference of disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment between patients with FGIDs and healthy people and their associations with psychological disorders under COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Jing , He Ping , Deng Tianwei , Xu Xiaoming , Zou Duowu , Wang Yanjun , Zeng Weiwei , Zhao Mei , Wang Wo , Lin Hui , Deng Mingming , Kuang Li , Chen Dongfeng , Yang Min 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To investigate the differences in disrupted rhythms between healthy people and patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and their associations with mood disorders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The rhythm scales were composed of subscales 1 and 2 for the assessment of life-work and entertainment rhythms, respectively; Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess mood disorders. Results: A total of 671 patients with FGIDs and 4373 healthy people successfully participated. The scores of subscales 1 and 2 for patients with FGIDs were significantly higher than those for healthy people ( p < .005). The SAS and SDS scores, their prevalence rates were significantly higher than those for the healthy group (all p < .001). Health status, current occupation, life-work rhythm, SDS, and SAS were independent related factors of FGIDs. The score of life-work-entertainment rhythm was significantly positively correlated with SDS and SAS (both p < .001). Conclusion: Disrupted rhythms in patients with FGIDs under the COVID-19 pandemic were more frequently and significantly positively associated with mood disorders.
Performance study on photovoltaic thermal building façade component in multi-energy generation during winter
Authors: Riaz Ahmad , Zhou Chao , Liang Ruobing , Zhang Jili 
Published: February 2021

Photovoltaic thermal systems have gained tremendous popularity in the production of electric and thermal energy. In this paper, the photovoltaic thermal modules for the building façade assisted by heat pump system is proposed which combines the photovoltaic modules with an evaporator part of the heat pump system to produce hot water and electrical energy. Also, the photovoltaic thermal panels are used to preheat the cold ambient fresh air without heat pump operation. The proposed system was constructed at the Institute of Building Energy, Dalian University of Technology, China to study the ambient fresh air heating characteristic, electrical power generation, and hot water generation through performance evaluation indices under natural weather conditions. It was found that the average electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies are 8.8%, 26%, and 50%, respectively during the pre-heating of fresh air. While the average air temperature is 15.2°C inside an air gap. The average COP for water heating is 3.91 during the water heating mode. This study could be used as a guide for photovoltaic thermal solar-assisted heat pump systems on building envelopes in a multi-energy generation under different weather conditions. Practical application: The study considers the photovoltaic thermal modules for building façade not only to generate the electrical energy and pre-heated fresh air but also to generate the hot water when assisted with the heat pump system. This research could assist researchers and engineers in the field of photovoltaic thermal façade systems in multi-energy generation such as for the production of electricity, heated/cooled fresh air, and hot water generation.
Effect of semaphorin 3C gene variants in multifactorial Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Gunadi  , Ryantono Fiko , Sethi Raman , Marcellus  , Kalim Alvin Santoso , Imelda Priscillia , Melati Devy , Simanjaya Susan , Widitjiarso William , Pitaka Ririd Tri , Arfian Nur , Iskandar Kristy , Makhmudi Akhmad , Lai Poh San 
Published: February 2021

Objective Cluster genes, specifically the class 3 semaphorins ( SEMA3) including SEMA3C, have been associated with the development of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in Caucasian populations. We aimed to screen for rare and common variants in SEMA3C in Indonesian patients with HSCR. Methods In this prospective clinical study, we analyzed SEMA3C gene variants in 55 patients with HSCR through DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Results Two variants in SEMA3C were found: p.Val337Met (rs1527482) and p.Val579 =  (rs2272351). The rare variant rs1527482 (A) was significantly overrepresented in our HSCR patients (9.1%) compared with South Asian controls in the 1000 Genomes (4.7%) and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC; 3.5%) databases. Our analysis using bioinformatics tools predicted this variant to be evolutionarily conserved and damaging to SEMA3C protein function. Although the frequency of the other variant, rs2272351 (G), also differed significantly in Indonesian patients with HSCR (27.3%) from that in South Asian controls in 1000 Genomes (6.2%) and ExAC (4.6%), it is a synonymous variant and not likely to affect protein function. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive report of SEMA3C screening in patients of Asian ancestry with HSCR and identifies rs1527482 as a possible disease risk allele in this population.
A fast and easy-to-learn technique for liver resection in a porcine model
Authors: Majlesara Ali , Krause Jürgen , Khajeh Elias , Ghamarnejad Omid , Gharabaghi Negin , Tinoush Parham , Mohammadi Sara , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Mehrabi Arianeb , Golriz Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Objective Despite the recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, liver resection (especially extended hepatectomy) is still a high-risk procedure with considerable morbidity and mortality. Experimental large animal models are the best option for studies in this regard. The present study was performed to present an easy-to-learn, fast, and multipurpose model of liver resection in a porcine model. Method Stepwise liver resections (resection of segments II/III, IVa/IVb, and VIII/IV) were performed in eight pigs with intraoperative monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. The technical aspects, tips, and tricks of this method are explained in detail. Results Based on the specific anatomical characteristics of the porcine liver, all resection types including segmental resection, hemihepatectomy, and extended hepatectomy could be performed in one animal in an easy-to-learn and fast technique. All animals were hemodynamically stable following stepwise liver resection. Conclusion Stepwise liver resection using stapler in a porcine model is a fast and easy-to-learn method with which junior staff and research fellows can perform liver resection up to extended hepatectomy under stable conditions.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Eccentric Versus Concentric Cycling for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation
Authors: Milandri Giovanni , Sivarasu Sudesh 
Published: February 2021

Background: Persistent strength and biomechanical deviations remain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Eccentric training may reduce these and associated reinjury or osteoarthritis risks. Hypothesis: For male patients who have undergone ACLR, eccentric training is more effective than concentric training at improving knee flexion angle and other biomechanical deviations, as well as strength and patient-reported outcomes, using a matched perceived exertion dose. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 26 men, 10-16 weeks after hamstring tendon graft ACLR, were randomized to an eccentric training group or a concentric control group. Both groups trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks using the same isokinetic cycle ergometer in a matched studio environment. Exercise dose was matched in training frequency, time, progression, and intensity using a target rating of perceived exertion. Baseline and follow-up testing included questionnaires, dynamometer strength testing, and walk/run gait analysis. Results: Eccentric training increased knee (+2.1°; P = .022) and hip (+2.1°; P = .010) flexion angles more than concentric training but not more than the minimal clinically important difference of 3°. Very large asymmetries in baseline knee abduction moment (walk, −0.10 N·m/kg/m; run, −0.54 N·m/kg/m) had not changed in either group by follow-up. Knee valgus angle effects were mixed. Tibial rotation angle increased in both groups, but concentric training was more effective at promoting symmetry ( P < .001). Both groups had similar increases in affected limb quadriceps strength and knee flexion moments during walk/run gait (by 20% to 33%). Hamstring strength increased in the eccentric group (+15.4%) but not the concentric group. Eccentric group limb forces were 33% to 70% higher than those of the concentric group, with a lower heart rate. Both groups had low pain scores throughout. Conclusion: For rehabilitation after ACLR, progressive eccentric cycle training was not more clinically effective than concentric training at a matched perceived intensity dose in male patients. This can guide exercise prescription for reducing gait and strength deviations of these patients. Registration: PACTR201602001449365 (Pan African Clinical Trials Registry), NHREC 4344 (South African).
Diagnostic bias during the COVID-19 era: COVID-19 or renal abscess?
Authors: Amato Marco , Eissa Ahmed , Rosiello Giuseppe , Farinha Rui , Piazza Pietro , Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Rocco Bernardo , Bianchi Giampaolo , Micali Salvatore , Mottrie Alexandre , Puliatti Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since then, this pandemic has dramatically affected the entire world, even radically influencing the way patients are framed at triage. Symptoms and tests in most cases lead to a correct diagnosis; however, error may be around the corner. Case report: A 60 years old patient was referred with weight loss, fatigue and mild fever for 3 weeks as he was working in a COVID-19 ward. After a positive swab and chest CT scan, he was admitted in the hospital and treated as mild COVID-19 patient. A CT scan performed after the patient was discharged revealed a renal lesion misidentified as a tumor then clarified to be an abscess which retrospectively appears to be the main cause of his symptoms. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider other life-threatening disease in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with similar symptoms to minimize mistakes and avoid further unnecessary investigations.
Topographic, elevation, and keratoconus indices for diagnosis of keratoconus by a combined Placido and Scheimpflug topography system
Authors: Gharieb Hesham Mohamed , Othman Ihab Saad , Oreaba Ahmed Hamdy , Abdelatif Mona Kamal 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of various corneal parameters in keratoconus diagnosis using Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido disk corneal topography (Sirius, CSO). Methods: One hundred and fifteen keratoconic eyes (group1) and a 111 normal eyes (group2) were assessed prospectively between March 2018 and July 2019 for: corneal keratometric indices (K1, K2, sim K, apex curvature) at different corneal rings of both corneal surfaces, central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TL), corneal asphericity (Q), elevation at thinnest point, root mean square (RMS), and root mean square per area (RMS/A) in spherical, aspheric and aspherotoric reference for both corneal surfaces and keratoconus summary parameters; surface asymmetry index of front and back (SIf, SIb respectively), elevation at keratoconus vertex front and back (KVf, KVb respectively), Baiocchi Calossi Versaci front and back index (BCVf, BCVb) and its vector summation (BCV) and convergence radius and cutoff value for each was calculated Results: All studied indices were significantly different between the two groups. The highest predictive accuracy “Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)” of 0.999 was observed for BCVf, KVb, RMS and RMS/A at 6 mm aspherotoric reference posterior surface. Keratoconus summary indices had high AUROC (0.986, 0.984, 0.948, 0.999, 0.999, 0.998 respectively). Curvature indices had lower AUROC than elevation indices, except for curvature of corneal apex at anterior (0.98) and posterior surface (0.99). Higher AUROC was noted with elevation at thinnest point especially at aspherotoric reference surface. Conclusion: Sirius topography showed high predictive accuracy in detection of keratoconus. Elevation indices and keratoconus summary parameters have the highest diagnostic ability.