bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Ultrathin Gold Nanoshells: Exploring Seed Density, Polymer Additives and Microwave Radiation Effects
Authors: Lermusiaux Laurent , Plissonneau Marie , Bertry Laure , Drisko Glenna L. , Buissette Valérie , Mercier Thierry Le , Duguet Etienne , Tréguer-Delapierre Mona 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanoshells made of a silica core and a gold shell possess an optical response that is sensitive to nanometre-scale variations in shell thickness. The exponential red shift of the plasmon resonance with decreasing shell thickness makes ultrathin nanoshells (less than 10 nm) particularly interesting for broad and tuneable ranges of optical properties. Nanoshells are generally synthesised by coating gold onto seed-covered silica particles, producing continuous shells with a lower limit of 15 nm, as a result of an inhomogeneous droplet formation on the silica surface during the seed regrowth. In this paper, we investigate the effects of three variations of the synthesis protocol to favour ultrathin nanoshells: seed density, polymer additives and microwave treatment. We first maximised gold seed density around the silica core but surprisingly its effect is limited. However, we found that the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone during the shell synthesis leads to higher homogeneity and a thinner shell and that a post-synthetic thermal treatment using microwaves can further smooth the particle surface. This study brings new insights into the synthesis of metallic nanoshells, pushing the limits of ultrathin shell synthesis.
Long-Term Impact of Conventional and Optimal Contribution Conservation Methods on Genetic Diversity and Genetic Gain in Chinese Indigenous Pig Breeds
Authors: Zhao Qingbo , Liu Huiming , Qadri Qamar Raza , Wang Qishan , Pan Yuchun , Su Guosheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

China has rich and vast genetic resources of indigenous pig breeds. Currently, great attention is paid to either crossbreeding or conservation of these indigenous pig breeds, and insufficient attention is paid to the combination of conservation and breeding along with their long-term effects on genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of livestock is essential to increase productivity and respond to future challenges such as climate change. The genetic stability and product consistency of these indigenous pig breeds should be focused on and further improved. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the long-term effects of using conventional conservation and optimal contribution selection methods on genetic gain and genetic diversity.
Results

A total of 11 different methods including conventional conservation and optimal contribution selection methods were investigated using stochastic simulations with a population size of 600 animals in each generation. Each scenario was run for 20 generations and 100 replicates. The long-term effects of using these methods were evaluated in terms of rate of genetic gain, rate of true inbreeding based on genome-wide identity-by-descient (IBD) markers and various genetic diversity metrices such as expected heterozygosity (He). The results indicated that the rates of true inbreeding in these conventional conservation methods were maintained at around 0.01. The optimal contribution selection methods based either on the pedigree (POCS) or genome (GOCS) information showed more genetic gain than conventional methods, and POCS achieved the largest gentic gain. Furthermore, the effect of using GOCS methods on most of the genetic diversity metrics was slightly better than the conventional conservation methods when the the rate of true inbreeding was the same, but this also required more sires used in OCS methods. According to the rate of true inbreeding, there was no significant difference among these conventional methods.
Conclusion

In conclusion, there is no significant difference in different ways of selecting sows on inbreeding when we use different conventional conservation methods. Compared with conventional methods, POCS method could achieve the most genetic gain. However, GOCS methods can not only achieve higher genetic gain, but also maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity. Therefore, GOCS is a better choice if we want to combine conservation and breeding in actual production in the Chinese national-level conservation farms.
How Healthy Are Horticultural Plants Grown in Polluted Cities? The Case of Mexico City
Authors: Alonso-Durán Ivonne , Hernández-Álvarez Elizabeth , Morton-Bermea Ofelia , Castro-Larragoitia Javier , Ortega Margarita Collazo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil to plant metal(loid) accumulation has been highly evaluated in recent years due to its significant impact on human health. This study reports the concentrations of 15 metal(loid)s in four vegetables (tomato, onion, chili, and lettuce) cultivated in one greenhouse, one top garden, and two roof gardens, rooftop urban gardens in four locations within the metropolitan area of Mexico City. In this experiment, the contribution of metals and metalloids due to atmospheric deposition and irrigation may be negligible. It is considered that the concentration of metals depends only on transfer from the soil. Soil analysis indicates that only vanadium in one location (a rooftop garden in V. Carranza) exceeds the permissible limits recommended by the Mexican government. For most metals, lettuce shows the highest concentrations and transfer factors compared to the other vegetables studied. The transfer factors were exceptionally high for Cd (lettuce) and Hg (tomato), presenting values above 1. The concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were compared with permissible limit values recommended for vegetables by different international agencies. It was observed that, except for As, these values are exceeded in various vegetables harvested in this study. This information must be corroborated with more detailed studies evaluating the chemical species in which those metal(loid)s is present and identifying the physicochemical parameters of the soil that caused the enrichment of these metal(loid)s to exceed the permissible limit values.
Isolated Skyrmion, Skyrmion Lattice, and Antiskyrmion Lattice Creation Through Magnetization Reversal in Co/Pd Nanostructure
Authors: Kandukuri Sateesh , v satya narayana murthy , K Thiru Vikraman P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Skyrmion and antiskyrmion spin textures are axisymmetric inhomogeneous localized objects with distinct chirality in magnetic systems. These spin textures are potential candidates for the next generation energy-efficient spintronic applications due to their unique topological properties. Controlled and effective creation of the spin textures is required to use in conventional and neuromorphic computing applications. Here we show the creation of an isolated skyrmion, skyrmion lattice, and antiskyrmion lattice by the magnetization reversal in Co/Pd multilayer nanostructure using spin-polarized current. The spin textures' stability depends on the spin-polarized current density, current pulse width, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Antiskyrmions are evolved during the formation of a single skyrmion and skyrmion lattice. Skyrmion and antiskyrmion lattices together are observed for lower pulse width, 0.05 ns. Our micromagnetic studies suggest that the two distinct lattice phases' evolution could help to design the topological spin textures-based devices.
Inequalities in Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Conflict-Affected Areas and the Colombian Peace Agreement: An Oaxaca Blinder Change Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Leon-Giraldo Sebastian , Cuervo-Sanchez Juan Sebastián , Casas German , González-Uribe Catalina , Kreif Noemi , Bernal Oscar , Moreno-Serra Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe present study analyzes inequalities in catastrophic health expenditures in conflict-affected regions of Meta, Colombia and socioeconomic factors contributing to the existence and changes in catastrophic expenditures before and after the sign of Colombian Peace Agreement with FARC-EP guerilla group in 2016.MethodsThe study uses the results of the survey Conflicto, Paz y Salud (CONPAS) conducted in 1309 households of Meta, Colombia, a territory historically impacted by armed conflict, for the years 2014 and 2018. We define catastrophic expenditures as health expenditures above 20% of the capacity to pay of a household. We disaggregate the changes in inequalities in catastrophic expenditures through the Oaxaca-Blinder change decomposition method.ResultsThe incidence of catastrophic expenditures slightly increased between 2014 to 2018, from 29.3–30.7%. Inequalities in catastrophic expenditures, measured through concentration indexes (CI), also increased from 2014 (CI: -0.152) to 2018 (CI: -0.232). Results show that differences in catastrophic expenditures between socioeconomic groups are mostly attributed to an increased influence of specific sociodemographic variables such as living in rural zones, being a middle-aged person, living in conflict-affected territories, or presenting any type of mental and physical disability.ConclusionsConflict-deescalation and the peace agreement may have facilitated lower-income groups to have access to health services, especially in territories highly impacted by conflict. This, consequently, may have led to higher levels of out-of-pocket expenditures and, therefore, to higher chances of experiencing catastrophic expenditures for lower-income groups in comparison to higher-income groups. Therefore, results indicate the importance of designing policies that guarantee access to health services for people in conflict -affected regions but also, that minimize health care inequalities in out-of-pocket payments that may arouse between people at different socioeconomic groups.
An Exhaled microRNA Panel Interrogated for Lung Cancer Case-Control Discrimination
Authors: Shi Miao , Han Weiguo , Loudig Olivier , Shah Chirag D. , Dobkin Jay B. , Keller Steven , Sadoughi Ali , Zhu Changcheng , Siegel Robert E. , Fernandez Maria Katherine , DeLaRosa Lizzet , Patel Dhruv , Desai Aditi , Siddiqui Taha , Gombar Saurabh , Suh Yousin , Wang Tao , Hosgood H. Dean , Pradhan Kith , Ye Kenny , Spivack Simon D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: An exhaled microRNA-based lung cancer case-control discriminant biomarker strategy is reported.Methods: A microRNA-seq discovery effort compared paired tumor to non-tumor tissue, was reconciled with analogous TCGA and published literature-based tissue-discriminant microRNA data, yielding a candidate panel of 24 microRNAs that are upregulated in either adenocarcinomas and/or squamous cell carcinomas. The technical feasibility of microRNA-PCR assays in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was tested. The airway origin of exhaled microRNAs was then topographically “fingerprinted”, using paired EBC and bronchoscopic samples. For initial EBC testing, a clinic-based case-control set of 351 individuals (166 NSCLC cases, 185 non-cancer controls) was interrogated with the 24-candidate microRNA panel by qualitative RT-PCR, and curated by melt curve analysis. Data were analyzed by both logistic regression (LR), and by random-forest (RF) models, validated by iterative resampling.Results: Both feasibility of exhaled microRNA detection, and its origins in part from lower airway sources, were confirmed. LR models adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, pack years, quit-years, and underlying lung disease identified exhaled miR-21, 33b, 212 (p.adj,=0.019, 0.018, 0.033, resp.) as case-control discriminant. For the RF analysis, the combined clinical + microRNA models showed modest added discrimination capacity (1.1–2.5%) beyond the clinical models alone: by subgroup, all subjects 1.1% (p = 8.7e-04)); former smokers 2.5% (p = 3.6e-05); early stage 1.2% (p = 9.0e-03). Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values of the clinical + microRNA models for the entire cohort were 71%-76%.Conclusion: This work suggests that exhaled microRNAs are measurable qualitatively; reflect in part lower airway signatures; and if improved/refined, can potentially help distinguish lung cancer cases from controls.
An Intelligent Control System of Remanufacturing Assembly for Improving Quality and Production Efficiency
Authors: Liu Conghu , Cai Wei , Zhu Guang , Gao Mengdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Remanufacturing has been considered to be one of the most effective ways to deal with sustainable manufacturing. The integration of intelligent technology and remanufacturing assembly system is a necessary way for the development of remanufacturing industry. This paper proposes an intelligent control system for improving the quality and production efficiency of the remanufacturing assembly (reassembly) systems. First, the state space model of reassembly is constructed and deduced to reveal the quality transfer and coupling mechanism of reassembly process. An optimization model of the reassembly scheme is established for minimizing the comprehensive cost. Then, an intelligent control system for reassembly process is proposed, which is a real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation response to address abnormal quality and to achieve intelligent control of reassembly process. The data model, information perception and fusion technology, real-time monitoring and dynamic compensation of reassembly quality are studied and implemented. Finally, the prototype intelligent control system of reassembly is developed, which illustrates its practicability offering a technical support for sustainability of remanufacturing. It can monitor the abnormal quality in real time and make dynamic compensation response, and realize the intelligent control of reassembly process. It plays a positive role in improving quality, reducing cost and enhancing customer satisfaction. This intelligent control method is more suitable for the reassembly system of complex machinery, especially under uncertain operating environment.
Incidence and Temporal Changes in Lumbar Degeneration and Low Back Pain in Child and Adolescent Weightlifters: Prospective 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Yoshimizu Rikuto , Nakase Junsuke , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Shimozaki Kengo , Asai Kazuki , Toyooka Kazu , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Kitaoka Katsuhiko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the incidence of lumbar degeneration findings and low back pain (LBP) over a 5-year period in children and adolescent weightlifters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and medical questionnaires. Furthermore, to reveal the temporal changes in the lumbar vertebrae caused by long-term hard weightlifting training during the growth period.MethodsTwelve children and adolescent weightlifters who participated in weightlifting for >2 years (six boys, six girls, 11.4±2.0 years) were enrolled. Participants underwent annual medical questionnaire surveys including practice frequency, competition history, presence of LBP, and lumbar examinations using MRI during the 5-year follow-up.ResultsLumbar disc degeneration was detected in all participants after 4 years, and lumbar disc herniation findings were detected in 33% of participants after 5 years; one underwent herniotomy during the follow-up period. Lumbar spondylolysis was detected in 58% of patients at 5 years. Although there were three participants who had LBP in the final year, none had LBP that prevented them from returning to weightlifting.ConclusionA 5-year cohort study of 12 children and adolescent weightlifters detected lumbar degeneration in all participants. Long-term hard weightlifting training during the growth period may increase the risk of developing current and future LBP.
Hepatotoxic manifestations of arsenic trioxide loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles in wistar rat
Authors: Verma Yeshvandra , Rana Kavita , Rani Varsha , Rana S VS 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Present study reports on the hepatotoxic manifestations of arsenic trioxide loaded poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (As2O3-PLGA- NPs) in rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs enhances the activity of serum transaminases. As2O3-PLGA-NPs are potential inducer of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria as well as microsomes. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was higher than the microsomal lipid peroxidation. CYP450 2E1 was lower in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats in comparison to arsenic trioxide treated rats. GSH showed lower values than control rats and arsenic trioxide treated rats. Glutathione-S-transferase inhibited by arsenic trioxide, non significant increase was recorded in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs readily accumulates in liver and induces peculiar histopathological changes viz. intracytoplasmic/intranuclear inclusions and apoptosis. Since As2O3-PLGA- NPs are being considered as a suitable chemo-preventive agent against different types of cancer, its toxicological properties are of prime concern from bio-safety point of view. Thus, present observations seem to be important from human health risk assessment point of view.
Combined Quantitative and Qualitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers for Predicting Active Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hsu Cherng-Ru , Lai Tso-Ting , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Ho Tzyy-Chang , Yang Chung-May , Yang Chang-Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate choroidal neovascularization (CNV) activity after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to determine whether combined qualitative and quantitative biomarkers can achieve high predictive accuracy to guide treatment decisions.Methods: Patients diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 CNV via multimodal imaging who had received anti-VEGF treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative CNV responses on OCTA after serial injections were analyzed, and the assessment was correlated with their structural OCT scans. The enrolled eyes were divided into two groups: eyes with exudative signs on structural OCT and those without exudative signs. Results: Fifty-seven eyes of 56 patients were included in the study. Twenty-eight eyes (49.1%) were classified as the “active group”, and 29 eyes (50.9%) were categorized as the “silent group”. Qualitative biomarkers of CNV showed significant differences between the two groups (branching capillaries: 50.0% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001; anastomoses and loops: 78.6% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001; peripheral arcade: 39.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.015, and hypointense halo: 82.1% vs 41.4%, p = 0.003). A significantly higher vessel density was found in the active group (41.8 ± 12.0% vs 31.0 ± 11.5%, p=0.002). “Anastomoses and loops” and “vessel density” predicted an active CNV status with a probability of 93.7% and achieved the best performance. Conclusions: The combination of two potential biomarkers of CNV on OCTA predicts a high possibility of an active disease status that suggests optimal decisions to treat.
An Ecofriendly Synthesis of 2-oxazolidinone From 2-aminoethanol and Urea Under Solvent-free Condition Using CeO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: KHARAT ALI NEMATI , Aliahmadi Mehrnaz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cerium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method using cellulose as a template and used in the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinone from urea and 2-aminoethanol under solvent-free conditions. All the reaction parameters were optimized to obtain the best selectivity and conversion. The selectivity of 100 % to 2-oxazolidinone with a pretty complete conversion of about 98.4 % was achieved. The prepared catalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and volumetric isothermal nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption method (BET).
Genomic Resources of Broomcorn Millet: Demonstration and Application of a High-throughput BAC Mapping Pipeline
Authors: Xu Wei , Liang Mengjie , Yang Xue , Wang Hao , Luo Meizhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: With high-efficient water-use and drought tolerance, broomcorn millet has emerged as a candidate for food security. To promote its research process for molecular breeding and functional research, a comprehensive genome resource is of great importance. Results: Herein, we constructed a BAC library for broomcorn millet, generated BAC end sequences based on the clone-array pooled shotgun sequencing strategy and Illumina sequencing technology, and integrated BAC clones into genome by a novel pipeline for BAC end profiling. The BAC library is consisted of 76,023 clones with an average insert length of 123.48 Kb, covering about 9.9-fold of the 850 Mb genome. Of 9,216 clones tested using our pipeline, 8,262 clones were mapped on the broomcorn millet cultivar longmi4 genome. These mapped clones covered 308 of the 829 gaps left by the genome. To our knowledge, this is the only BAC resource for broomcorn millet.Conclusions: We constructed a high-quality BAC libraray for broomcorn millet and designed a novel pipeline for BAC end profiling. BAC clones can be browsed and obtained from our website (http://eightstarsbio.com/gresource/JBrowse-1.16.5/index.html). The high-quality BAC clones mapped on genome in this study will provide a powerful genomic resource for genome gap filling, complex segment sequencing, FISH, functional research, and genetic engineering of broomcorn millet.
Autoimmune Haemolysis After Operation of Gastric Cancer Complicated With Drug-refractory Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pang Xiao , Guan Wei-Kang , Pan Yu-Lin , Zhang Yi-Chao , Xu Li-Ya , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To the best of our knowledge, few reports are available at home and abroad on autoimmune haemolysis occurring after operation of gastric cancer complicated with drug-refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)(Table 1). The treatment process in this case is usually risky, and multidisciplinary collaboration is often required. Therefore, the case report aims to improve the awareness of the perioperative management of this type of patients.Case presentation: A 69-year-old male admitted to the hospital for "anaemia" was diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma after gastroscopy and biopsy. This diagnosis was confirmed to be an early stage by abdominal CT imaging. However, the patient had an extremely low platelet level and a history of hormone therapy. Moreover, administration of thrombopoietin and immunoglobulin was ineffective for treatment. After transfusion of aphaeretic platelets, laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and splenectomy were performed. Anastomotic bleeding and autoimmune haemolysis occurred after the operation. Haemolytic symptoms were spontaneously relieved after a period of hospitalisation.Conclusion: This case involved many disciplines, and revealed the interaction and mutual promotion of gastric cancer, ITP and autoimmune haemolysis, but further relationships need to be further investigated.