bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression during THP-1 differentiation is influenced by vitamin D3 and not vibrational mechanostimulation
Authors: Simakou Theodoros , Freeburn Robin , Henriquez Fiona L. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn injury or infection, monocytes migrate into the affected tissues from circulation and differentiate into macrophages which are subsequently involved in the inflammatory responses. Macrophage differentiation and activation have been studied in response to multiple chemokines and cytokines. However, mechanical, and physical stimuli can also influence macrophage differentiation, activation, cytokine production, and phagocytic activity.MethodsIn this study the macrophage differentiation from THP-1 monocytes was assessed upon the stimulation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,000 Hz vibrations, using qPCR for quantification of transcript expression. Vitamin D binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and subsequently modulates the expression of a variety of genes in monocytes. The effects of the 1,000 Hz vibrational stimulation, and the combined treatment of vitamin D3 and 1000 Hz vibrations were unknown. The differentiation of macrophages was assessed by looking at transcription of macrophage markers (e.g.,CD14,CD36), antigen presenting molecules (e.g.,HLA-DRA), transcription factors (e.g.,LEF-1,TCF7L2), and mechanosensors (e.g.,PIEZO1andPKD2).ResultsThe results showed that vitamin D3 induced THP-1 macrophage differentiation, which was characterized by upregulation ofCD14andCD36, downregulation ofHLA-DRA, upregulation of thePKD2(TRPP2), and an inverse relationship betweenTCF7L2andLEF-1, which were upregulated and downregulated respectively. The 1,000 Hz vibrations were sensed from the cells which upregulatedPIEZO1andTCF3, but they did not induce expression of genes that would indicate macrophage differentiation. The mRNA transcription profile in the cells stimulated with the combined treatment was comparable to that of the cells stimulated by the vitamin only. The 1,000 Hz vibrations slightly weakened the effect of the vitamin for the regulation ofCD36andHLA-DMBin the suspension cells, but without causing changes in the regulation patterns. The only exception was the upregulation ofTCF3in the suspension cells, which was influenced by the vibrations. In the adherent cells, the vitamin D3 cancelled the upregulating effect of the 1,000 Hz vibrations and downregulatedTCF3. The vitamin also cancelled the upregulation ofPIEZO1gene by the 1,000 Hz vibrations in the combined treatment.ConclusionThe mechanical stimulation with 1,000 Hz vibrations resulted in upregulation ofPIEZO1in THP-1 cells, but it did not affect the differentiation process which was investigated in this study. Vitamin D3 induced THP-1 macrophage differentiation and could potentially influence M2 polarization as observed by upregulation ofCD36and downregulation ofHLA-DRA. In addition, in THP-1 cells undergoing the combined stimulation, the gene expression patterns were influenced by vitamin D3, which also ablated the effect of the mechanical stimulus onPIEZO1upregulation.
Ambulacrarian insulin-related peptides and their putative receptors suggest how insulin and similar peptides may have evolved from insulin-like growth factor
Authors: Veenstra Jan A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Some insulin/IGF-related peptides (irps) stimulate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that transfers the extracellular hormonal signal into an intracellular response. Other irps, such as relaxin, do not use an RTK, but a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). This is unusual since evolutionarily related hormones typically either use the same or paralogous receptors. In arthropods three different irps, i.e. arthropod IGF, gonadulin and Drosophila insulin-like peptide 7 (dilp7), likely evolved from a gene triplication, as in several species genes encoding these three peptides are located next to one another on the same chromosomal fragment. These arthropod irps have homologs in vertebrates, suggesting that the initial gene triplication was perhaps already present in the last common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes. It would be interesting to know whether this is indeed so and how insulin might be related to this trio of irps.

Methodology
Genes encoding irps as well as their putative receptors were identified in genomes and transcriptomes from echinoderms and hemichordates.

Results
A similar triplet of genes coding for irps also occurs in some ambulacrarians. Two of these are orthologs of arthropod IGF and dilp7 and the third is likely a gonadulin ortholog. In echinoderms, two novel irps emerged, gonad stimulating substance (GSS) and multinsulin, likely from gene duplications of the IGF and dilp7-like genes respectively. The structures of GSS diverged considerably from IGF, which would suggest they use different receptors from IGF, but no novel irp receptors evolved. If IGF and GSS use different receptors, and the evolution of GSS from a gene duplication of IGF is not associated with the appearance of a novel receptor, while irps are known to use two different types of receptors, the ancestor of GSS and IGF might have acted on both types of receptors while one or both of its descendants act on only one. There are three ambulacrarian GPCRs that have amino acid sequences suggestive of being irp GPCRs, two of these are orthologs of the gonadulin and dilp7 receptors. This suggests that the third might be an IGF receptor, and that by deduction, GSS only acts on the RTK. The evolution of GSS from IGF may represent a pattern, where IGF gene duplications lead to novel genes coding for shorter peptides that activate an RTK. It is likely this is how insulin and the insect neuroendocrine irps evolved independently from IGF.

Conclusion
The local gene triplication described from arthropods that yielded three genes encoding irps was already present in the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. It seems plausible that irps, such as those produced by neuroendocrine cells in the brain of insects and echinoderm GSS evolved independently from IGF and, thus, are not true orthologs, but the result of convergent evolution.
An Interesting Case of Achalasia Cardia with Co-Existing Coronavirus 19 Infection
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Mishra Gaurav , Dhande R. P. 
Published: July 2021

With this case report, we emphasize the unique fact that chest pain and discomfort in COVID-19 infected patient can be due to other causes and it should not be overlooked. The SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus, the homo-sapiens have recently been attacked in a large number.
Common clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients infected include high grade fever, weakness, dry cough, breathlessness and chest pain with discomfort.
We are presenting a case report of covid-19 infected patient having chief complaints of chest pain and discomfort. The patient was evaluated using computed tomography imaging and- Achalasia cardia was diagnosed and needful was done. It should be noted that multiple conditions can co-exist along with COVID-19 infection for which proper and complete evaluation needs to be done keeping other possibilities in mind.
Efficacy of Various Irrigants Used with Self- Adjusting File System on Smear Layer: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Navjot S. Mann , Manpreet Kaur , Ashu Jhamb , Manu Rana , Divya Batra , Aaron Sarwal 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To assess the efficacy of various irrigants used with Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system on smear layer.
Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular teeth were taken and decoronated. All samples were instrumented manually up to number 20 K file. SAF file was further used to prepare the canals. All the samples were randomly divided into four Groups: Group I: Neem Extract Group II: Amla Juice; Group III: 5.25% NaOCl+ 20% Citric Acid; Group IV: 5.25% NaOCl solution was used for 4minutes. All roots were sectioned longitudinally in the buccolingual plane and viewed under electron microsope.
Statistical Analysis Used: The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical evaluation and Mann-Whitney ???? test was used for multiple comparisons
Results: Comparison between same thirds of group showed statistically significant difference in coronal and middle parts. Group 3 showed the best results for smear layer removal. Group 4 showed least efficacy of smear layer removal.
Conclusion: Group 3 showed the best removal efficacy followed by group 1 and 2 with least being for group 4.
To Study the effect of Traditional Back Exercises vs Exercise Ball Exercise on Pain Intensity, Core Endurance and Limitation of Activities in Individuals with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study
Authors: Soni Jay Kumar , Contractor Edrish 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Non specific Low back pain is defined as pain without any known pathology which affects almost all the leading occupation where body's awkward posture, twisting and stress forces are commonly encountered across the globe and it is highly prevalent 60% to 70% in a year. Studies have shown various exercise regimen individual effect on the same but superiority of regimen out of these is not clear.
Study Design: Comparative Study
Place and Duration of Study: Ahmedabad Institute of Medical Sciences, Duration 2013-15
Objective: To assess and compare the effect of core stability exercise, back school program and Swiss ball exercise on Pain, core endurance and Functional disability.
Methodology: A group of 24 patients having non-specific low back pain between age groups 18-40 were randomly selected and allocated in to two groups. Group A(n=12) received traditional exercise whereas Swiss ball exercise was given to Group B(n=12). The subjects were treated for two weeks. Baseline data for VAS, Core endurance and MODI were taken on day1 and at the end of two weeks
Result: The results were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test within both groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS, core endurance and MODI at the end of 2weeks.Comparison between both the Group A and Group B was done by Mann- whitney U test and statistically no significant difference was seen in VAS, core endurance and MODI between the groups
Conclusion: The study concluded that both the exercises are equally effective in reducing pain intensity, improves core endurance and functional status in subjects with non specific low back pain
A Rare Case of Anti Phospholipid Syndrome Associated Intermediate and Posterior Uveitis
Authors: Ksheeraja Y. , Manasaveena N. T. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Autoimmune disorders are often associated with Uveitis. Anti-Phospholipid syndrome(APS) is characterized by increased hypercoagulability and divergent ocular features.
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male patient presented with complaints of headache for 2 days. The patient gives a history of fever and loss of consciousness 20 days back and was treated symptomatically. On examination Visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/12 in the left eye. On slit-lamp examination, the anterior segment was normal, vitreous cells were 2+ suggestive of vitritis in the left eye. Dilated fundus examination showed exudates in both eyes with macular parafoveal edema in the left eye. Laboratory investigations showed Antiphospholipid Antibody Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Beta 2 glycoprotein IgM positive and raised ESR, PTT, and triglycerides. MRI brain showed acute embolic infarcts in multiple areas.
Management: Topical Steroids and cycloplegic for uveitis and systemic steroids and anticoagulants for systemic manifestations were given and the patient's vision improved to 6/6 and macular edema reduced in the left eye during the follow-up.
Conclusion: APS is a life and vision-threatening multisystem disorder, needs monitoring for INR and Anti phospholipid antibodies. A rare manifestation of uveitis is noted and prompt treatment with topical, oral steroids resolves the uveitis. But to prevent recurrences and further thrombotic events long-term immunosuppression, anticoagulation treatment is required.
Evaluation of four surface surrogates for modeling lung tumor positions over several fractions in radiotherapy
Authors: Wikström Kenneth A. , Isacsson Ulf M. , Nilsson Kristina M. , Ahnesjö Anders 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatient breathing during lung cancer radiotherapy reduces the ability to keep a sharp dose gradient between tumor and normal tissues. To mitigate detrimental effects, accurate information about the tumor position is required. In this work, we evaluate the errors in modeled tumor positions over several fractions of a simple tumor motion model driven by a surface surrogate measure and its time derivative. The model is tested with respect to four different surface surrogates and a varying number of surrogate and image acquisitions used for model training. Fourteen patients were imaged 100 times with cine CT, at three sessions mimicking a planning session followed by two treatment fractions. Patient body contours were concurrently detected by a body surface laser scanning system BSLS from which four surface surrogates were extracted; thoracic point TP, abdominal point AP, the radial distance mean RDM, and a surface derived volume SDV. The motion model was trained on session 1 and evaluated on sessions 2 and 3 by comparing modeled tumor positions with measured positions from the cine images. The number of concurrent surrogate and image acquisitions used in the training set was varied, and its impact on the final result was evaluated. The use of AP as a surface surrogate yielded the smallest error in modeled tumor positions. The mean deviation between modeled and measured tumor positions was 1.9 mm. The corresponding deviations for using the other surrogates were 2.0 mm (RDM), 2.8 mm (SDV), and 3.0 mm (TP). To produce a motion model that accurately models the tumor position over several fractions requires at least 10 simultaneous surrogate and image acquisitions over 1–2 minutes.
Stability Improvement of Tin‐Based Halide Perovskite by Precursor‐Solution Regulation with Dual‐Functional Reagents
Authors: Cao Xiangrong , Li Jingrui , Dong Hua , Li Peizhou , Fan Qinhua , Xu Ruoyao , Li Haomiao , Zhou Guijiang , Wu Zhaoxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTin‐based halide perovskites have attracted great attention in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) community with their suitable band gaps, excellent optoelectronic properties, and non‐toxicity. However, because of their poor chemical stability, it is challenging to fabricate highly stable and efficient tin PSCs (TPSCs). In this study, the origin of the Sn2+ oxidation ahead of film formation is concentrated on, and it is found that the ionization of SnI2 in precursor plays a decisive role. Accordingly, SnI2 dissociation and the subsequent Sn2+ oxidation can be restricted in precursor by employing reductive complexes as additives. This dual‐functional source‐regulating strategy effectively helps prepare high‐quality perovskite films with low Sn4+ defect densities. As a result, the unencapsulated TPSCs show a considerable power‐conversion efficiency of 10.03% (certified 9.38%) and maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of light aging testing.
Mechanically Strong and Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Zhou Qingya , Lyu Jiayu , Wang Guang , Robertson Mark , Qiang Zhe , Sun Bin , Ye Changhuai , Zhu Meifang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStretchable conductive hydrogels with simultaneous high mechanical strength/modulus, and ultrahigh, stable electrical conductivity are ideal for applications in soft robots, artificial skin, and bioelectronics, but to date, they are still very challenging to fabricate. Herein, sandwich‐structured hybrid hydrogels based on layers of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and a layer of silver nanowires (AgNWs)/PVA are fabricated by electrospinning combined with vacuum‐assisted filtration. The hybrid ANF‐PVA hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with the tensile modulus of 10.7–15.4 MPa, tensile strength of 3.3–5.5 MPa, and fracture energy up to 5.7 kJ m−2, primarily attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and ANFs and in‐plane alignment of the fibrous structure. Rational design of heterogeneous structure endows the hydrogels with ultrahigh apparent electrical conductivity of 1.66 × 104 S m−1, among the highest electrical conductivities ever reported so far for conductive hydrogels. More importantly, this ultrahigh conductivity remains constant upon a broad range of applied strains from 0–90% and over 500 stretching cycles. Furthermore, the hydrogels exhibit excellent Joule heating and electromagnetic interference shielding performances due to the ultrahigh electrical conductivity. These mechanically strong, hybrid hydrogels with ultrahigh and strain‐invariant electrical conductivity represent great promises for many important applications such as flexible electronics.
Highly Efficient Pure‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Rubidium and Chlorine Alloyed Metal Halide Perovskite
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Shuang , Ni Zhenyi , Van Brackle Charles H. , Zhao Liang , Xiao Xun , Dai Xuezeng , Huang Jinsong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for display and solid‐state lighting, due to their tunable colors, high conversion efficiencies, and low cost. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs is far inferior to that of the near‐infrared, red, and green counterparts. Here, the fabrication of pure‐blue PeLEDs with an emission peak at 475 nm, a peak external quantum efficiency of 10.1%, and a maximum luminance of 14 000 cd m−2 is demonstrated by tailoring the compositions of perovskites. The pure‐blue electroluminescence is achieved by simultaneous addition of rubidium and chlorine ions into CsPbBr3 and incorporation of phenylethylammonium chloride forms quasi‐2D hybrid perovskites. The combination of these composition engineering results in blueshifted emissions without reducing the quantum yield. The judicious alloying is shown to be critical to result in the better morphology with suppressed current leakage and enhanced light outcoupling.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure Oxazolidinones via Biocatalytic Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ying , Wan Nan‐Wei , Li Ying‐Na , Ma Ran , Cui Bao‐Dong , Han Wen‐Yong , Chen Yong‐Zheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChiral oxazolidinones are of significance in both medicinal and synthetic chemistry, while preparing these compounds usually involves using expensive starting materials and harsh reaction conditions. Herein, a one‐pot biocatalytic cascade process was developed for stereo‐ and regioselective aminohydroxylation of diverse alkenes by combining styrene monooxygenase and halohydrin dehalogenase, providing an approach to enantiopure oxazolidinones.magnified image
Rejuvenation of Senescent Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Pulsed Triboelectric Stimulation
Authors: Li Gaocai , Zhu Qianqian , Wang Bingjin , Luo Rongjin , Xiao Xiaohui , Zhang Yi , Ma Liang , Feng Xiaobo , Huang Jingang , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen , Pan Yue , Yang Cao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStem cell senescence contributes to stem cell exhaustion and drives various aging‐associated disorders. However, strategies to rejuvenate senescent stem cells are limited. The present study proposes an approach based on triboelectric stimulation to rejuvenate senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) by fabricating a pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator (P‐TENG) that can produce stable pulsed current output unaffected by the triggered frequency. The senescence phenotypes of aged BMSCs are reversed by triboelectric stimulation at 30 µA at 1.5 Hz. Triboelectric stimulation enhances the proliferation of aged BMSCs and increases their pluripotency and differentiation capacity. Additionally, mechanistic investigations reveal that pulsed triboelectric stimulation by P‐TENG rejuvenates senescent BMSCs by enhancing MDM2‐dependent p53 degradation, which is demonstrated by loss‐of‐function studies of MDM2 and p53. Overall, this study identifies a new approach for the rejuvenation of senescent BMSCs and describes a promising therapeutic intervention for many diseases associated with aged BMSCs.
Breathable, Degradable Piezoresistive Skin Sensor Based on a Sandwich Structure for High‐Performance Pressure Detection
Authors: Xu Mengting , Cai Haihua , Liu Zulan , Chen Fangchun , Chen Li , Chen Xiang , Cheng Xuan , Dai Fangyin , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWearable intelligent sensor materials have broad application prospects for human health detection and robot kinematics. 3D structure sensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, a wide detection range, and high strength, as is widely reported in existing research. Here, a sandwich structure involving an encapsulation layer, a 3D conductive network, and an encapsulation layer is prepared. Polyaniline acts as an active conductive filler for the 3D conductive network, while silk fibroin and poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) are used to form a network for carrying conductive materials. Additionally, K‐carrageenan is added to encapsulate the 3D conductive network and prepare a high‐performance green skin sensor. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (2.54 kPa−1) and a wide linear detection range (165.3 kPa). In addition, the pressure sensor possesses excellent durability (>2000 cycles) and a fast response time of 160 ms. Moreover, the sensor is compatible and biodegradable and encapsulated by a nontoxic water‐soluble polymer. On this basis, skin sensors for health monitoring systems and intelligent interactive systems are reported, thus enabling future applications in medical detection and human–machine interaction.
NiMoO4@Co3O4 Core–Shell Nanorods: In Situ Catalyst Reconstruction toward High Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Solomon Getachew , Landström Anton , Mazzaro Raffaello , Jugovac Matteo , Moras Paolo , Cattaruzza Elti , Morandi Vittorio , Concina Isabella , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck for the practical exploitation of water splitting. Here, the potential of a core–shell structure of hydrous NiMoO4 microrods conformally covered by Co3O4 nanoparticles via atomic layer depositions is demonstrated. In situ Raman and synchrotron‐based photoemission spectroscopy analysis confirms the leaching out of Mo facilitates the catalyst reconstruction, and it is one of the centers of active sites responsible for higher catalytic activity. Post OER characterization indicates that the leaching of Mo from the crystal structure, induces the surface of the catalyst to become porous and rougher, hence facilitating the penetration of the electrolyte. The presence of Co3O4 improves the onset potential of the hydrated catalyst due to its higher conductivity, confirmed by the shift in the Fermi level of the heterostructure. In particular NiMoO4@Co3O4 shows a record low overpotential of 120 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, sustaining a remarkable performance operating at a constant current density of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm−2 with negligible decay. Presented outcomes can significantly contribute to the practical use of the water‐splitting process, by offering a clear and in‐depth understanding of the preparation of a robust and efficient catalyst for water‐splitting.