bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chandra observations of nova KT Eridani in outburst
Authors: Pei Songpeng , Orio Marina , Ness Jan-Uwe , Ospina Nataly 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyze here four observations of nova KT Eri (Nova Eri 2009) done with the Chandra High-Resolution Camera Spectrometer (HRC-S) and the Low-Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) in 2010, from day 71 until day 159 after the optical maximum, in the luminous supersoft X-ray phase. The spectrum presents many absorption features with a large range of velocity, from a few hundred km s−1 to 3100 km s−1 in the same observation, and a few prominent emission features, generally redshifted by more than 2000 km s−1. Although the uncertainty on the distance and the WD luminosity from the approximate fit do not let us rule out a larger absolute luminosity than our best estimate of ≃5 × 1037 erg s−1, it is likely that we observed only up to ≃40 per cent of the surface of the white dwarf, which may have been partially hidden by clumpy ejecta. Our fit with atmospheric models indicates a massive white dwarf in the 1.15–1.25 M⊙ range. A thermal spectrum originating in the ejecta appears to be superimposed on the white dwarf spectrum. It is complex, has more than one component, and may be due to a mixture of photoionized and shock-ionized outflowing material. We confirm that the ≃35-s oscillation that was reported earlier was detected in the last observation done on day 159 of the outburst.
Stark broadening of Zn II spectral lines
Authors: Dimitrijević Milan S , Christova Magdalena D , Milovanović Nenad , Sahal-Bréchot Sylvie 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Stark broadening parameters, full widths at half intensity maximum, and shifts for 34 multiplets of singly charged zinc ion have been calculated using the impact semiclassical perturbation formalism. Stark broadening parameters due to collisions with electrons, protons, and helium ions have been obtained for a grid of electron densities and temperatures. The obtained results have been used to demonstrate the influence of Stark broadening mechanism on spectral lines of Zn II in stellar atmospheres.
The star-melt python package for emission-line analysis of YSOs
Authors: Campbell-White Justyn , Sicilia-Aguilar Aurora , Manara Carlo F , Matsumura Soko , Fang Min , Frasca Antonio , Roccatagliata Veronica 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce the star-melt  python package that we developed to facilitate the analysis of time-resolved emission-line spectroscopy of young stellar objects. star-melt automatically extracts, identifies, and fits emission lines. We summarize our analysis methods that utilizes the time domain of high-resolution stellar spectra to investigate variability in the line profiles and corresponding emitting regions. This allows us to probe the innermost disc and accretion structures of YSOs. Local temperatures and densities can be determined using Boltzmann statistics, the Saha equation, and the Sobolev large velocity gradient approximation. star-melt allows for new results to be obtained from archival data, as well as facilitating timely analysis of new data as it is obtained. We present the results of applying star-melt to three YSOs, using spectra from UVES, XSHOOTER, FEROS, HARPS, and ESPaDOnS. We demonstrate what can be achieved for data with disparate time sampling, for stars with different inclinations and variability types. For EX Lupi, we confirm the presence of a localized and stable stellar-surface hotspot associated with the footprint of the accretion column. For GQ Lupi A, we find that the maximum infall rate from an accretion column is correlated with lines produced in the lowest temperatures. For CVSO109. we investigate the rapid temporal variability of a redshifted emission wing, indicative of rotating and infalling material in the inner disc. Our results show that star-melt is a useful tool for such analysis, as well as other applications for emission lines.
Stability of the protoneutron stars towards black hole formation
Authors: Sotani Hajime , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine the protoneutron star (PNS) stability in this study by solving the radial oscillation equations. For this purpose, we adopt the numerical results of a massive PNS towards the black hole formation obtained by spherically symmetric numerical simulations for a core-collapse supernova with general relativistic neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics. We find that the PNSs are basically stable in their evolution against the radial perturbations, while the PNS finally becomes unstable before the apparent horizon appears inside the PNS. We also examine the gravitational wave frequencies from the PNS with the relativistic Cowling approximation. Then, we derive the empirical formula for the f-mode frequency, which weakly depends on the PNS models. This kind of universality tells us the PNS property, which is a combination of the PNS mass and radius in this study, once one would observe the f-mode gravitational waves.
Standard stellar luminosities: what are typical and limiting accuracies in the era after Gaia?
Authors: Eker Z , Soydugan F , Bilir S , Bakış V 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Methods of obtaining stellar luminosities (L) have been revised and a new concept, standard stellar luminosity, has been defined. In this paper, we study three methods: (i) a direct method from radii and effective temperatures; (ii) a method using a mass–luminosity relation (MLR); and (iii) a method requiring a bolometric correction. If the unique bolometric correction (BC) of a star extracted from a flux ratio (fV/fBol) obtained from the observed spectrum with sufficient spectral coverage and resolution are used, the third method is estimated to provide an uncertainty (ΔL/L) typically at a low percentage, which could be as accurate as 1 per cent, perhaps more. The typical and limiting uncertainties of the predicted L of the three methods were compared. The secondary methods, which require either a pre-determined non-unique BC or MLR, were found to provide less accurate luminosities than the direct method, which could provide stellar luminosities with a typical accuracy of 8.2–12.2 per cent while its estimated limiting accuracy is 2.5 per cent.
An induced-fit de novo initiation mechanism suggested by a pestivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Zhang Bu-Yu , Liu Weichi , Jia Hengxia , Lu Guoliang , Gong Peng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) play central roles in the genome replication and transcription processes of RNA viruses. RdRPs initiate RNA synthesis either in primer-dependent or de novo mechanism, with the latter often assisted by a ‘priming element’ (PE) within the RdRP thumb domain. However, RdRP PEs exhibit high-level structural diversity, making it difficult to reconcile their conserved function in de novo initiation. Here we determined a 3.1-Å crystal structure of the Flaviviridae classical swine fever virus (CSFV) RdRP with a relative complete PE. Structure-based mutagenesis in combination with enzymology data further highlights the importance of a glycine residue (G671) and the participation of residues 665–680 in RdRP initiation. When compared with other representative Flaviviridae RdRPs, CSFV RdRP PE is structurally distinct but consistent in terminal initiation preference. Taken together, our work suggests that a conformational change in CSFV RdRP PE is necessary to fulfill de novo initiation, and similar ‘induced-fit’ mechanisms may be commonly taken by PE-containing de novo viral RdRPs.
Correlates of Tobacco and Nicotine Use Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People: A Systematic Review Guided by the Minority Stress Model
Authors: Wolford-Clevenger Caitlin , Hill Samantha V , Cropsey Karen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
ransgender and gender diverse (TGD) people have a higher prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use compared to their cisgender peers.

Aims and Methods
Using the minority stress model as a guide, we conducted a systematic review of correlates of tobacco and nicotine use among TGD people. We reviewed the literature from Pubmed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL between April 1, 1995 and April 20, 2021. Article inclusion criteria were the following: written in English, reported empirical data, sampled exclusively or reported separate outcomes for transgender/gender diverse people, and reported correlates of tobacco or nicotine use, broadly defined. The first and second authors reviewed the articles retrieved from the search and from gray literature (relevant listserv solicitations) for inclusion. They then reviewed references of any included articles for additional candidate articles.Results: This resulted in 35 articles for review, which were synthesized in a qualitative fashion. The overall quality of the articles was fair, with the articles ranging from poor to fair quality and using primarily cross-sectional design and survey methods.

Conclusions
Overall, the literature demonstrated external minority stressors were mostly researched (and supported) correlates of tobacco and nicotine use among TGD people. There is a critical need for higher quality research, such as longitudinal or experimental designs, to improve our understanding and prevention of tobacco and nicotine use in this population.

Implications
This systematic review used the minority stress model as a guide to understand correlates of tobacco and nicotine use among transgender and gender diverse people. Literature of fair quality demonstrated that external minority stressors were the most researched and supported correlates of tobacco and nicotine use within the framework of the minority stress model. This review demonstrated a critical need for higher quality research, such as longitudinal or experimental designs, to improve our understanding and prevention of tobacco and nicotine use in this population. Preliminary findings from the limited literature highlight factors that may be relevant to target with this population, including general/environmental stressors and external minority stressors such as discrimination.
New Zealand Smokers’ Perceptions of Tobacco Endgame Measures: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Barbalich Ivana , Gartner Coral , Edwards Richard , Hoek Janet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
New Zealand’s equity-focused endgame goal (Smokefree 2025) aims to reduce smoking prevalence to minimal levels (ie, &lt;5%) in all population groups by 2025. Inadequate progress has stimulated discussion of innovative measures to reduce prevalence; because few studies have explored how marginalized groups perceive these measures, we addressed this knowledge gap.

Aims and Methods
In November and December 2020, we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with people who smoked daily, were aged between 21 and 53, earned less than the median income (NZD33 900), and had marginal or inadequate income sufficiency. We explored participants’ smoking history and used an elicitation exercise to probe their views on smokefree policies, including potential endgame measures. We used qualitative descriptive analysis and reflexive thematic analysis to interpret the data.

Results
Participants favored increasing personal support to quit and reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes, but generally opposed tobacco excise tax increases and paying people to quit. While many privileged their right to “choose,” some recognized that stronger policies could restore the loss of agency addiction caused. Participants felt smoking’s powerful addictiveness remained poorly understood, and called for smoking to be recognized and treated as an addiction.

Conclusions
Several participants supported intensifying existing measures or introducing new measures. However, their use of tobacco industry rhetoric to frame smoking as a choice they had made could inadvertently reinforce the stigma they experienced. Reframing cigarettes as an addictive product engineered by a deceptive industry, may make it easier for participants to access the expanded support and compassion they sought.

Implications
Policy measures, such as reducing the nicotine level in cigarettes, could support endgame goals; however, greater public understanding of addiction is needed to reduce stigma, support self-efficacy, and foster smoking cessation. Industry denormalization campaigns could challenge views of smoking as a personal choice, decrease self-blame among people who smoke, and present endgame goals as likely to enhance agency.
Cross-country spillovers of national financial markets and the effectiveness of ECB policies during the euro-area crisis
Authors: Gibson Heather D , Hall Stephen G , GeFang Deborah , Petroulas Pavlos , Tavlas George S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate spillover effects between sovereign ratings and sovereign spreads for five euro-area countries—Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain—using monthly data over the period of January 2000 through June 2019. We extend previous work in two ways. First, using spatial estimation, we model and quantify the spillover effects on ratings and spreads among countries. Secondly, we assess the effectiveness of European Central Bank (ECB) policies on spreads and ratings. We find significant feedback effects among countries. Consistent with the view that forward-looking agents typically respond to credible announcements right away, our results suggest that then-ECB President Draghi’s July 2012 speech was pivotal, and was supported by the ECB’s January 2015 announcement that it would undertake asset purchases.
The impact of statins on coronary atherosclerosis progression and long-term cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Karpouzas George A , Ormseth Sarah R , Hernandez Elizabeth , Budoff Matthew J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate whether statins lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in RA and if tentative benefits are related to changes in coronary plaque burden or composition.

Methods
In an observational cohort study, 150 patients without CVD underwent coronary atherosclerosis evaluation (total, noncalcified, partially and fully calcified plaque) with CT angiography. Prespecified cardiovascular events including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, revascularization, stroke, claudication and heart failure were prospectively recorded. Change in plaque burden and composition was re-assessed in 102 patients within 6.9 (0.3) years.

Results
Time-varying statin therapy, modeled using inverse probability treatment and censoring weights, did not significantly attenuate CVD risk in RA overall [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.07), P =0.067]. However, statins associated with lower CVD risk in patients with baseline CRP &gt; 0.5 mg/dl [adjusted OR = 0.09 (95%CI: 0.03, 0.30), P &lt;0.001] but not in those with CRP &lt; 0.5 mg/dl (P-interaction = 0.023), after controlling for Framingham-CVD score and time-varying bDMARD use. In patients treated with statin &gt;50% of follow-up time, CRP did not associate with new plaque formation [adjusted OR = 0.42 (95% CI: 0.09, 1.94)], in contrast to statin-naïve [adjusted OR = 1.89 (95% CI:1.41, 2.54)] and statin-treated &lt;50% time [adjusted-OR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.95), P-interaction = 0.029]. Statin therapy &gt;50% follow-up time predicted dissipation [adjusted-OR = 5.84 (95% CI: 1.29, 26.55)] and calcification of prevalent noncalcified lesions [adjusted-OR = 4.16 (95% CI: 1.11, 15.54)], as well as new calcified plaque formation in segments without baseline plaque [adjusted-OR = 2.84 (95% CI:1.09, 7.41)].

Conclusion
Statin therapy associated with lower long-term cardiovascular risk in RA patients with higher inflammation. Moreover, statin therapy modified the impact of inflammation on new coronary plaque formation and predicted both regression and calcification of prevalent noncalcified lesions.
Power and Procedure: Gaining Legitimacy in the Workplace
Authors: Hegtvedt Karen A , Johnson Cathryn , Gibson Ryan , Hawks Kate , Hayward Jennifer L 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo ensure effectiveness in reaching organizational goals, authorities must gain legitimacy (i.e., the support and approval of their subordinates). This study uniquely brings together an identity-based approach, stressing an authority’s use of fair decision-making procedures, a resource-based approach, highlighting an authority’s use of power in a benevolent fashion, and the status of the authority (represented by workplace experience) as sources of legitimacy. We argue that assessments of the nature of the authority’s behaviors and experience—whether they enhance interactional justice and/or engender trust, thereby signaling positive social relationships—mediate the direct effects of the sources. Adult study participants (404 males, 403 females) read one of eight vignettes in which we factorially combined two levels of each proposed antecedent. Questionnaire items measured perceived interactional justice, trust, and legitimacy. Results from structural equation modeling show that procedural justice, benevolent power use, and the authority’s workplace experience exert positive effects on the perceived legitimacy of the manager and on assessments of interactional justice and trust, which ultimately mediate the direct pathways to legitimacy. These findings highlight the nature of actions important to helping members of groups not typically holding positions of authority (e.g., women and minorities) to gain legitimacy and ensure effectiveness.
Assessment of Clonal Expansion Using CarcSeq Measurement of Lung Cancer Driver Mutations and Correlation With Mouse Strain- and Sex-Related Incidence of Spontaneous Lung Neoplasia
Authors: Harris Kelly L , McKim Karen L , Myers Meagan B , Gong Binsheng , Xu Joshua , Parsons Barbara L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quantification of variation in levels of spontaneously occurring cancer driver mutations (CDMs) was developed to assess clonal expansion and predict future risk of neoplasm development. Specifically, an error-corrected next-generation sequencing method, CarcSeq, and a mouse CarcSeq panel (analogous to human and rat panels) were developed and used to quantify low-frequency mutations in a panel of amplicons enriched in hotspot CDMs. Mutations in a subset of panel amplicons, Braf, Egfr, Kras, Stk11, and Tp53, were related to incidence of lung neoplasms at 2 years. This was achieved by correlating median absolute deviation (MAD) from the overall median mutant fraction (MF) measured in the lung DNA of 16-week-old male and female, B6C3F1 and CD-1 mice (10 mice/sex/strain) with percentages of spontaneous alveolar/bronchioloalveolar adenomas and carcinomas reported in bioassay control groups. A total of 1586 mouse lung mutants with MFs &gt;1 × 10−4 were recovered. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations was used to assess the proportion of recovered mutations conferring a positive selective advantage. The greatest ratio was observed in what is considered the most lung tumor-sensitive model examined, male B6C3F1 mice. Of the recurrent, nonsynonymous mouse mutations recovered, 55.5% have been reported in human tumors, with many located in or around the mouse equivalent of human cancer hotspot codons. MAD for the same subset of amplicons measured in normal human lung DNA samples showed a correlation of moderate strength and borderline significance with age (a cancer risk factor), as well as age-related cumulative lung cancer risk, suggesting MAD may inform species extrapolation.
The coverage of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in Nigeria: Does the place of delivery matter?
Authors: Olakunde Babayemi O , Adeyinka Daniel A , Olakunde Olubunmi A , Ogundipe Temitayo , Oladunni Filani , Ezeanolue Echezona E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in Nigeria. While evidence suggests that institutional delivery is associated with the uptake of HepB-BD vaccine, little is known about how the uptake differs by facility ownership (public or private). This study examined the HepB-BD vaccination coverage by place of delivery in Nigeria.

Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of data on 6143 children aged 12–23 mo obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. We assessed the association between HepB-BD vaccination and the place of delivery using logistic regression models.

Results
About 53% of the children received the HepB-BD vaccine. Approximately 77, 83 and 33% of those delivered at a public health facility, private health facility and at home received the HepB-BD vaccine, respectively. After controlling for child- and maternal-level factors, the odds of receiving HepB-BD vaccine were significantly lower in children delivered at a private health facility (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.77, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.99) or at home (aOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.63). Wealth index and region of residence were significantly associated with the receipt of HepB-BD vaccination in all three places of delivery.

Conclusions
Children are less likely to receive the HepB-BD vaccine if they are delivered at a private health facility or at home. There is a need for private health sector engagement for immunization service delivery and innovative community-based interventions to reach the children delivered at home.
Effect of Intensive Glucose Control on Outcomes of Hyperglycemic Stroke Patients Receiving Mechanical Thrombectomy: Secondary Analysis of the SHINE Trial
Authors: Asaithambi Ganesh , Tipps Megan E. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Hyperglycemia is common among patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We studied the effects of intensive blood glucose control among AIS patients presenting with hyperglycemia treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods:
We analyzed publicly available data from the Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort trial. In this nonpreplanned secondary analysis, we compared hyperglycemic AIS patients treated with MT who received intensive blood glucose control (80 to 130 mg/dL) with those who received standard blood glucose control (80 to 179 mg/dL). Outcomes included rates of favorable 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) and death.

Results:
This analysis included 146 patients (74 in the intensive treatment group and 72 in the standard treatment group). Intensive blood glucose was not associated with higher rates of 90-day favorable outcomes (intensive 31.1% vs. standard 30.6%, P=1.0; odds ratio 1.025, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 2.07) or a decrease in rates of death (intensive 20.3% vs. standard 22.2%, P=0.84; odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 1.97).

Conclusions:
Intensive blood glucose control among AIS patients presenting with hyperglycemia and treated with MT was not associated with lower rates of death or higher rates of long-term favorable outcomes when compared with standard treatment.
Interaction Between Chronic Bronchitis and Blood Cadmium Levels on the Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction in US Adults
Authors: Ibrahimou Boubakari , Sun Ning , Azim Syeda Ishra , Aliyu Muktar H. , Guilarte Tomas R. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To explore the interaction between chronic bronchitis and blood cadmium on the prevalence of myocardial infarction.

Methods:
We used weighted US-NHANES data. Multivariate survey logistic regression was used to examine the associations between myocardial infarction, cadmium concentration and chronic bronchitis. Adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals were computed.

Results:
There was a significant interaction (OR=1.33, CI = [1.01, 1.74]) between chronic bronchitis and blood cadmium level on the presence of myocardial infarction. For 1 μg/L increase in cadmium level, people with chronic bronchitis had 1.65 (1.24 × 1.33) times the odds of having myocardial infarction, while those without chronic bronchitis would be only 1.24 times as likely having the outcome (OR = 1.24, CI = [1.05, 1.46]).

Conclusion:
Findings highlights the role of chronic bronchitis on the relationship between blood cadmium concentration and myocardial infarction. Prospective cohort designs are needed to confirm these findings.