bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐camera traffic scene mosaic based on camera calibration
Authors: Wu Feifan , Song Huansheng , Dai Zhe , Wang Wei , Li Junyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, the traffic application based on vision in the single traffic‐monitoring scene has been widely studied and developed. However, cross‐regional research is still in its infancy. In order to help solve the application of cross‐regional traffic surveillance scenarios, this paper proposes a more reliable and accurate road scene mosaic method under multi‐camera surveillance. The mosaic road panorama contains physical information, which can be used to achieve a cross‐regional measurement. It also lays the foundation for vehicle spatial location, vehicle speed and traffic incident detection across regions. First, the mapping relationship between the three‐dimensional sub‐world coordinates and their corresponding two‐dimensional image coordinates is established by camera calibration. Second, the projection transformation relationship between two cameras is established by two sub‐world coordinate systems and their common information. Finally, we use the proposed inverse projection idea and translation vector relationship to complete the mosaic of two traffic‐monitoring road scenes. The experimental results show that the camera calibration accuracy can reach more than 97% in a single scene. The measurement accuracy of the mosaic block is over 95%. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy, which has great value in related theoretical research and practical applications.
Solving 1D non‐linear magneto quasi‐static Maxwell's equations using neural networks
Authors: Baldan Marco , Baldan Giacomo , Nacke Bernard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectromagnetics (EM) can be described, together with the constitutive laws, by four PDEs, called Maxwell's equations. “Quasi‐static” approximations emerge from neglecting particular couplings of electric and magnetic field related quantities. In case of slowly time varying fields, if inductive and resistive effects have to be considered, whereas capacitive effects can be neglected, the magneto quasi‐static (MQS) approximation applies. The solution of the MQS Maxwell's equations, traditionally obtained with finite differences and elements methods, is crucial in modelling EM devices. In this paper, the applicability of an unsupervised deep learning model is studied in order to solve MQS Maxwell's equations, in both frequency and time domain. In this framework, a straightforward way to model hysteretic and anhysteretic non‐linearity is shown. The introduced technique is used for the field analysis in the place of the classical finite elements in two applications: on the one hand, the B–H curve inverse determination of AISI 4140, on the other, the simulation of an induction heating process. Finally, since many of the commercial FEM packages do not allow modelling hysteresis, it is shown how the present approach could be further adopted for the inverse magnetic properties identification of new magnetic flux concentrators for induction applications.
Identification of T- and B-cell epitopes in HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from cervical cancer patients
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Yadav Inderjit Singh , Sekhon Rupinder , Bharadwaj Dwaipayan , Bharadwaj Mausumi 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: In India, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among females. Persistence infection with high risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) is an etiological agent for cervical cancer development, especially HPV-16 is found to be exclusively high in cervical cancer cases in Indian population. The continuous expression and transforming ability of HPV E7 helps in progression of cervical cancer and other HPV related disease, which make E7 as a suitable targets for the development of therapeutic vaccines.
Objectives: Identification of T-& B-cell epitopes HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from in cervical cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cervical cancer tissue biopsies were collected and processed for DNA extraction, HPV diagnosis and genotyping. E7 gene of HPV-16 positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Epitopes in E7 gene sequence were predicted by online freely available tools.
Results: In the present study we got 72 samples (90%) were positive for HPV and out of which 68 samples (94.4%) were positive for the HPV-16. HPV-16 positive samples were sequenced and translated. IEDB server was used for epitope analysis; 12 potent epitopes for the MHC-I alleles were identified in isolated E7 gene of HPV-16. The most potent epitopes were MHGDTPTLHEYM for HLA-C*07:01; LLMGTLGIVCPI for HLA-A*02:01 and MHGDTPTLHEYML for HLA-C*07:01; having percentile rank 0.2 for all three and antigencity score of 0.20011, 0.15358 and 0.10735, respectively.
Conclusion: This is an effective strategy to design immuno-therapeutics and therapeutic vaccine against HPV using E7 as target. These findings will be helpful in the development of effective vaccine for particular geographical region.
Pattern of distant metastases in treated cases of carcinoma cervix : An analysis
Authors: Chauhan Ashok K. , Kaur Paramjeet , Khurana Anil , Verma Yashpal , Bansal Nupur 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To analyze pattern of distant failure, site of metastases, number of metastases and duration in patient with carcinoma of cervix treated with concomitant chemoradiation.
Materials and Methods: From May 2011 to December 2015, 73 patients of carcinoma cervix who treated with radical treatment (concomitant chemoradiation followed by 3 session of HDR brachytherapy) with distant metastases presented at Department of Radiotherapy-II, Pt BDS PGIMS, Rohtak were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Most of the female with metastases were in age group of 50-59 years (82%), 12% were in age group >60 and 6% were in < 50 year age group. Initial stage of presentation was 40% (29/73), 48% (35/73) and 12% (9/73) in stage II, III and IVA respectively. Out of which 93% had squamous cell carcinoma histology and 7% were having adenocarcinoma at time of presentation. Among them 49/73 (67%) had solitary metastases, 19/73 (26%) had two metastatic sites and 5/73 (7%) had multiple metastatic sites. Commonest site of distant metastases was paraaortic lymphnodes in 40% of cases, followed by liver, lungs, brains, cervical lymph nodes and one case of cutaneous metastases was also seen. Paraaortic lymphnodes, liver and lung metastases present in maximum number of patient with multiple metastases. Salvage chemotherapy given in 51 cases, palliative radiotherapy (30 Gy or 20 Gy) in 37 cases whereas in 5% of cases single session with 8 Gy was given.
Conclusion: A regular and long term follow up of patients with carcinoma of cervix is necessary to detect distant metastases. With early and proper diagnosis and treatment a better outcome could be achieved.
Evaluation of biomarkers p16ink4a/ki-67 in cervical cytology for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Sathija P. K. , Rajaram S. , Arora V. K. , Gupta B. , Goel N. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Novel biomarkers, P16INK4a/Ki-67 are disease specific and identify risk of progression to cervical cancer.
Aim: To test the clinical utility of biomarkers p16INK4a/Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Methodology: Experimental study was conducted over an 18 month period at a tertiary care hospital. 3500 sexually active women between 30-55 years were screened by VIA/VILI, Pap test & HPV-DNA PCR. All screen positive women (n=280) underwent colposcopy and biopsy if required. At the time of colposcopy repeat cervical smear were taken for evaluation of p16INK4a/Ki-67. Immunocytochemistry for p16INK4A and Ki-67 was done by partitioning one slide into two parts for each biomarker. For p16INK4A positivity, nuclear +/- cytoplasmic scoring and intensity score was calculated and final score obtained. For Ki-67 staining was exclusively nuclear. Staining patterns were categorized as negative, intermediate or strongly positive.
Results: 86 women with abnormal cytology were evaluated with p16INK4A/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry and 20.9% (n=18) and 18.6% (n=16) were positive for each biomarker. For ASCUS (n=42) and LSIL (n=23) smears, specificity and NPV were 100% with a likelihood ratio (LR+) of 27 and 25 respectively suggesting good diagnostic accuracy. The combined sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a/Ki-67 in detecting CIN-2+ lesion was 76.9% and 95.8% respectively with LR+ of 18.72 in high grade smears.
Conclusions: p16INK4A/Ki-67 evaluation in cervical cytology are valuable biomarkers in ruling out or detecting CIN2+ in ASCUS and LSIL smears. Unnecessary intervention in large number of low grade smears can be avoided by applying these biomarkers. In high grade smears detection rate of biomarkers p16INK4A/Ki-67 was high and had a good diagnostic accuracy.
Comparison of Keyes punch biopsy instrument with cervical punch biopsy forceps for diagnosing cervical lesions
Authors: Tyagi Natasha , Suneja Amita , Mishra Kiran , Jain Sandhya , Vaid Neelam B. , Guleria Kiran 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of Keyes punch biopsy instrument (KP) in diagnosing cervical lesions and compare it with cervical punch biopsy forceps (CP).
Methods: 75 women having adequate colposcopy with abnormal transformation zone were included and paired colposcopic directed biopsies were taken using KP followed by CP from the same target area. The outcome parameters were compared using paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar test.
Results: It was feasible in all cases to take cervical biopsy with KP and CP. Volume of gross specimen obtained by KP was less than CP (0.076±0.097 vs 0.101±0.156 cm3, p=0.061), however on microscopic examination, mean length and depth of tissue in KP was greater than CP by 0.06 mm (p=0.810) and 0.14 mm (p=0.634) respectively. There was an exact agreement with final surgical specimen in 42% of cases in both forceps. Agreement within 1 degree was found in 25% of cases with KP and in 17% of cases with CP. Both the forceps equally missed microinvasive lesions but KP was inferior to CP for invasive cancer.
Conclusion: KP is almost at par with CP for diagnosing preinvasive cervical lesions and is a useful adjunct to the existing armamentarium of biopsy forceps.
Evaluation of different methods to assess homologous recombination status and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Asima , Curtin Nicola , Edmondson Richard 
Published: February 2021

Methods: Matched samples of ascites and tumor tissue were taken from patients undergoing surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumor samples were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE); ascites samples were used to generate primary cultures (PC). HR status was determined in PCs as previously described.[1] IC50 for the PARP inhibitor Rucaparib was estimated using SRB assays. DNA was extracted from the FFPE tissue. The following techniques were evaluated in PCs or paired FFPE samples: DR-GFP reporter assay, PARP activity assay, BRCA1 expression on immunohistochemistry, BRCA1 methylation status and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis. A next generation sequencing based assay was used to detect mutations and other genomic alterations in a large panel of cancer-associated genes, including BRCA1/2.

Results: Paired samples were collected from 64 patients and characterized for HR function. 47/64 (76%) were high grade serous. 44% (28/64)) were HR defective (HRD) by Rad51 assay and correlated with Rucaparib sensitivity (PPV-92%, NPV-100%). Molecular analysis revealed that all mutations and other genomic alterations detected in ascites derived PCs were also found in matched FFPE tumor tissues. All tumors with serous histology contained p53 mutations, whilst the remaining tumors without p53 mutations were non-serous in histology. DR-GFP assay was unreliable in PC due to poor transfection. In a subset of 50 cancers there was reduced BRCA1 expression in the HRD vs. HRC tumours (34.8% vs. 22.7%, ns) whilst in a further subset of 30 cases there was no difference in endogenous or stimulated PARP activity between HRD and HRC tumours. Deleterious BRCA2 mutations were identified in 7 tumors, 6 of which were HRD. Only 1 deleterious BRCA1 mutation was detected but methylation of BRCA1 was identified in 13 of 64 (20%) tumors, 7 of which were HRD. Mutation of BRCA2 was mutually exclusive to methylation of BRCA1. HRD vs. HRC tumours showed BRCA1 methylation (25% vs. 17%) and BRCA1/2 mutation (21% vs. 0.3%). 14/28 (50%) HR defective tumors do not have BRCA1/2 mutations or BRCA1 methylation, suggesting other mechanisms can also result in a HR defective phenotype. 28/64 (43%) of samples demonstrated the HR defective phenotype. In all cases HR status correlated with sensitivity to Rucaparib.
Conclusion: As expected, deleterious BRCA2 mutations conferred a HRD phenotype in cells but methylation of BRCA1 was not universally associated with HRD. This may be as a result of only partial silencing of the gene by methylation and further work is required to identify thresholds of methylation which may predict HR status. The use of BRCA1/2 mutation testing alone is unlikely to identify the majority of HR defective ovarian tumors. Assessment of functional status of HRD is the preferred option and further technologies should be developed to simplify the Rad51 assay.
Evaluation of supragastric lesser sac using a laparoscope during cytoreductive surgery in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A site for occult metastasis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Asima , Basu Kaustav , Helm William 
Published: February 2021

Background: The supragastric lesser sac (SGLS) is a site of metastasis from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Since this region is difficult to access and represents a confluence of critical structures, it may be a barrier to complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS).
Methods: The SGLS was explored in consecutive patients undergoing CRS with EOC. After a xipho-pubic laparotomy incision, the SGLS was examined; visualisation and treatment was aided by using a laparoscope. Resectable disease was cleared using the following methods alone or in combination: direct tumor excision, argon beam coagulation, plasma jet or electrocautery.
Results: 30 patients were evaluated between November 2013 and August 2014 in NGOC, Gateshead. SGLSM was present in 21/30 (70%) of EOCs, 19/25 (76%) high grade serous disease, 21/26 (81%) stage ≥3 disease, 18/20 (90%) with PCI score ≥15, 12/15 (80%) with ascites ≥500 ml, 13/18 (72%) at primary surgery and 8/10 (80%) at interval surgery. Sites included: lesser omentum (11), caudate lobe (10), groove of ligamentum venosum (6), floor (20), upper recess (7), subpyloric space (6), FOW (13), coeliac axis (5), porta hepatis (6), anterior surface of pancreas (2) retro-pancreatic (2). Size of metastases: <2.5mm = 3, <1 cm = 8, ≥1 cm = 7. Pre-operative CT scan identified 4/22 (18%) cases. In 18/21 patients SGLSM was completely resected or ablated; there were no complications. End Result: Optimal 27/30 (90%) including no visible disease = 18, <2.5 mm = 5; 17/21 (81%) cases would have been ≥2.5 mm residual disease if SGLS was not evaluated/treated. In a further cohort of 30 patients evaluated at Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, SGLSM was present in 18 (60%) of patients. CC1 resection was obtained in >90% cases.
Conclusion: EOC frequently metastasizes to the SGLS and is often resectable. Lack of meticulous examination may result in incomplete resection; evaluation should be performed at least in stage ≥3 disease when the surgical intent is total clearance of disease.
Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in ovarian neoplasms: Experience in a tertiary oncology centre
Authors: Bajracharya Anu , Sekhon Rupinder , Giri Shweta , Rawal Sudhir 
Published: February 2021

Aims and Objectives: This study is done to assess the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis of various categories of ovarian neoplasm conducted in RGCI.
Materials and Methods: Introperative frozen sections for suspected ovarian neoplasm that underwent surgery as primary line of therapy at this institution were analyzed retrospectively from Jan. 2014 - Dec. 2015. The results of frozen section were compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis on paraffin sections and the overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined.
Results: The study included 159 cases and the mean age of patients was 44.72 ± 14.28 years (Range 19-75 years). The mean size of tumor was 12.5 ± 5.9 cm. Sensitivity of frozen section for benign, borderline and malignant tumors was 98.53%, 73.33% and 94.74% respectively. And the related specificities were 95.60%, 96.53% and 100% respectively. There were 150 concordant cases and 9 discordant cases. Overall diagnostic accuracy of frozen section was 94.33%.
Conclusion: Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis appears to be an accurate and comparable technique for the histopathology diagnosis of ovarian tumours. It is a valuable tool to guide the surgical management of these patients.
Clinico-pathological characterstics of epithelial ovarian malignancy in young female
Authors: Ghuge Dhananjay , Tiwari Alok , Singh Subraharsh , Kaur Satinder 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective: Epithelial ovarian cancer mostly appears in aged women, but rarely in young women. Little is known about the clinical characteristics and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer in women aged below 40 years. This study was to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of young patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methods: A total of 31 patients with confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer under the age of 40 years between 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Mean age of the patient is 32 years. The common symptoms included abdominal pain (21 patient 67%), self detected pelvic mass (9 patient 29%) and 1 patient with bleeding per vaginum. The average maximum diameter of tumour is 10.7 cm. Family history positive in 8 patient (5 ca.breast and 3 ca.ovary). Mean level of CA. 125 is 883.36 u/ml. CA 125 level lowest is of 6 u/ml and highest is of 7557 u/ml. Tumour located bilaterally in 14 patient (45%). Ascitis present in 18 patient (58%). Pleural effusion seen in 6 patient (19%). Twenty six cases underwent optimal cytoreduction out of them 7 taken NACT. Two patient underwent fertility preservation surgery. Three patient underwent palliative chemotherapy due to unwillingness. Eleven patient classified as stage III and stage IV each (35% of each), six patient is of stage I (19%) and three patient of stage II (9.6%). Serous adenocarcinoma (80.6%) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (19%) are the common histopathological findings. Thirteen patient (41.9%) has well differentiated tumour, eight (25.8%) has moderately differentiated and ten (32.25%) has poorely differentiated tumour. Twenty eight patient received platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy before or after operation.
Conclusion: Young women with epithelial ovarian cancer under the age of 40 years mostly have serous adenocarcinoma; well differentiated and tumors are normally bilateral. The ovarian function can be preserved (fertility preservation) in part of stage Ia and Grade I patients.
Association of organochlorine pesticides and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: A case control study
Authors: Mazumdar Darshana 
Published: February 2021

Background: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) belongs to the class of hydrocarbons characterized by its cyclic structure. Due to their persistent nature OCP gets accumulated in the food chain and cause possible adverse health effects specifically various hormone mediated disorders. Ovarian cancer is also one of the hormone dependant cancer and begins with the transformation of cells that comprises the ovaries including surface epithelial, germ cells, etc. It has been suggested that endocrine disruption, exposure to xenobiotic and subsequent oxidative stress may antedate ovarian cancer and contribute to its pathogenesis. However, no report regarding any association of OCP level with etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer is so far available among North Indian population.
Methods: A total of 120 subjects were included in this case control study, consisting of 60 histological proven cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 60 controls subjects. Quantification of OCP levels was done by Perkin Elmer Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with 63Ni selective Electron Capture Detector.
Results: Levels of b-HCH, endosulfan I, p’p’-DDT, p’p’-DDE and heptachlor were found significantly high in cases of epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to control. A significant association was also observed between higher levels of b-HCH and heptachlor and EOC with odds ratio of 2.76 and 2.97 respectively.
Conclusion: Results indicate the plausible role of OCPs with the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer among North Indian population. Moreover, it is one of the first report suggesting significant level of heptachlor among north Indian women population with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Outcome of bowel resection in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Sebastian Ajit , Thomas Dhanya Susan , Thomas Anitha , Chandy Rachel , Peedicayil Abraham 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To evaluate the mortality and morbidity related to bowel resection in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Methods: Retrospective case series of 47 women with stage III and IV carcinoma ovary who underwent bowel resection, over the period of 5 years from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015. The disease free survival was assessed and the prognostic factors for disease free survival was also analysed by bivariate analysis.
Results: In this cohort 64% (30/47) had primary debulking, 21% (10/47) had interval debulking and 15% (7/47) had secondary debulking. The mean period of follow up was 23 months (1 – 45 month). The mortality was 15% (7/47), while major morbidity like anastomotic leak were nil. The three variables considered for mortality were relaparotomy, paralytic ileus and surgical site infection. 6% (3/47) had relaparotomy, 21% (10/47) had paralytic iileus and 15% (7/47) had surgical site infection. The overall morbidity was 42.5% (20/47). A total 34% (16/47) of patients had stoma. 79% (37/47) patients had optimal debulking.
Conclusion: Bowel resection in optimally selected cases of advanced carcinoma ovary is a good option with limited mortality and morbidity. Often, bowel resection is the only way to achieve optimal debulking.