bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycelium-Based Composites as Two-Phase Particulate Composites: Compressive Behaviour of Anisotropic Designs.
Authors: Rigobello Adrien , Ayres Phil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mycelium Based Composites (MBC) exhibit many properties that make them promising alternatives for less sustainable materials. However, there is no unified approach to their testing. We hypothesise that the two-phase particulate composite model and use of ASTM D1037 could provide a basis for systematisation. An experimental series of MBC were produced using four substrate particle sizes and subjected to compression testing. We report on their effect over Young’s modulus and ultimate strength. We extend the study by investigating three anistropic substrate designs through orientated fibre placement as a strategy for modifying compressive behaviour. We find that the two-phase particulate model is appropriate for describing the mechanical behaviour of MBC and that mechanical behaviour can be modified through anisotropic designs using orientated fibres. We also confirm that fibre orientation and particle size are significant parameters in determining ultimate strength.
A New Input-Output Table Built from Neoclassical Analysis that Considers Economic Rent
Authors: Leiva Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite the extended use of the input-output framework, its acceptance among economists is limited due to lack of microfoundations and imposed omission of economic rent. A new input-output table is built from basic neoclassical profit maximization, which explicitly considers economic rent. The new table holds eight differences with conventional open input-output tables which enhances the framework’s theoretical basis, allows for economic rent, and yields new insights into economic structures.JEL Codes: C67, D57
Determinants of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (HIV MTCT); A Case Control Study in Governmental Health Centers of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Tariku Mengistie Kassahun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mother to child human immune virus (HIV) transmission is the passage of HIV from mother to her child during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breast-feeding. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of mother to child HIV transmission in Governmental health centers of East Gojjam Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 210(42 cases and 168 controls). All cases were included in the study. Controls were selected by simple random sampling. Secondary data were collected from April 1 to 30/2019. Collected data were entered by using epi data version 3.1 and then it was exported to SPSS. The exported data was analyzed and presented by using descriptive summary statistics and tables. After bivariate logistic regression analysis, all variables with p-value 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression and p value < 0.05 considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable.Results: Having history of antenatal care follow up of HIV positive pregnant women [ adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.0;95%CI; 2.02-12.16] and initial CD4 count of mothers [AOR=2.7;95%CI;1.35-5.52]. Conclusion: Mother to child HIV transmission was significantly associated with history of ANC follow up of mothers and initial CD4 counts of mothers.
Impact of Long-COVID on Health-related Quality of Life in Japanese COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Tsuzuki Shinya , Miyazato Yusuke , Terada Mari , Morioka Shinichiro , Ohmagari Norio , Beutels Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The empirical basis for a quantitative assessment of the disease burden imposed by long-COVID is currently scant. We aimed to assess the disease burden caused by long-COVID in Japan.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional self-report questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was mailed to 530 eligible patients, who were recovered from acute COVID-19 in April 2021. Answers were classified into two groups; participants who have no symptom and those who have any ongoing symptoms that lasted longer than four weeks at the time of the survey. We compared health-related quality of life scores estimated by the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire between these two groups after adjusting basic characteristics of the participants by propensity score matching.Results: 349 participants reported no symptoms and 108 reported any symptoms at the time of the survey. The participants who reported any symptoms showed a lower value on a Visual Analogue Scale (median 70 [IQR 60-80]) and on the EQ-5D-3L (median 0.81 [IQR 0.77-1.0]) than those reporting no symptoms (median 85 [IQR 75-90] and 1.0 [IQR 1.0-1.0], respectively). After adjusting for background characteristics, these trends did not change substantially (Visual Analog Scale: median 70 [IQR 60-80] vs 80 [IQR 77-90], EQ-5D-3L: median 0.81 [IQR 0.76-1.0] vs 1.0 [IQR 1.0-1.0]).Conclusions: Due to their long duration, long-COVID symptoms represent a substantial disease burden expressed in impact on health-related quality of life.Trial registration: Not applicable.
NMN treatment reverses unique deep radiomic signature morphology of oocytes from aged mice
Authors: Habibalahi Abbas , Bertoldo Michael J. , Mahbub Saabah B. , Campbell Jared M. , Goss Dale M. , Ledger William L. , Gilchrist Robert B. , Wu Lindsay E. , Goldys Ewa M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the earliest physiological consequences of advancing age is the loss of female reproductive potential. This is primarily due to oocyte quality and developmental competence, which is highly sensitive to biological age. We applied deep learning, swarm intelligence and discriminative analysis to images of mouse oocytes taken by common bright field microscopy and were successfully able to identify a highly informative deep radiomic signature (DRS) of oocyte age. This signature distinguished morphological changes in oocytes associated with maternal age with 92% accuracy (AUC~1), reflecting this decline in oocyte quality. We then employed the DRS to evaluate the impact of the treatment of reproductively aged mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). The DRS signature classified 60% of oocytes from NMN-treated aged mice as having a 'young' morphology, suggesting that NMN was able to rejuvenate the morphological changes identified by the DRS. These findings indicate that NMN therapy may be able to restore the quality of a sizable subset of oocytes affected by reproductive ageing, and that these oocytes will be able to be distinguished and selected by DRS.
Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular Brachytherapy Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Type III-IV Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
Authors: Li Ling , Huang Xinhui , Cheng Niangmei , Weng Xiadi , Jiao Yubin , Liu Jingfeng , Guo Wuhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with type III-IV portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and to further analyze the major independent risk predictor factors of prognosis.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 54 patients who were diagnosed with HCC complicated with type III or IV PVTT and who received EVBT combined with improved TACE treatment from January 2017 to June 2019. Adverse events, treatment response, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and stent patency were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment. Major independent risk predictors of OS were also analyzed by the regression model.Results: No severe adverse events associated with EVBT combined with TACE were observed. The objective response and disease control rates four weeks after the treatment were 42.6% and 96.3%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 209±46.5 days and 138±29.4 days, respectively. The cumulative stent patency rate was 70.4% at the last follow-up. AFP≥400 ng/ml, ECOG PS>1, Child-Pugh grade B, and nonhemihepatic HCC were independent risk predictors of OS.Conclusions: EVBT combined with TACE was effective and safe for the treatment of HCC with type III-IV PVTT.
Identification of novel exonic variants responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in West Indian population
Authors: Waghela Bhargav N. , Pandit Ramesh J. , Puvar Apurvasinh , Shah Franky D. , Patel Prabhudas S. , Vora Hemangini , Sheth Harsh , Tarapara Bhoomi , Pandya Shashank , Joshi Chaitanya G. , Joshi Madhvi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Breast and ovarian cancers are the most common cancer types in females in India which pertain to higher mortality and morbidity due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis for better prognosis improve the patient’s treatment and survival. The next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based screening has accelerated molecular diagnosis of various cancers.
Methods

We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of 30 patients who had a first or second degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Further, all these patients are tested negative for BRCA1/2 or other high and moderate risk genes reported for HBOC. WES data from 30 patients were analyzed and variants were called using bcftools. Functional annotation of variants and variant prioritization was performed by Exomiser. The clinical significance of variants was determined by Varsome tool. The functional analysis of genes was determined by STRING analysis and disease association was determined by open target tool.
Results

We examined the variants based on the prevalence of variants among 30 patients i.e. frequency and disease association determined by the phenotype score of exomiser. From both the approaches, we found novel variants and novel gene candidates associated with HBOC conditions. The variants in HYDIN, AVIL, IWS1, PLA2G6, PRDM4, ST3GAL2, and ZNF717 were predicted highly oncogenic. Moreover, we also found 59 genes having higher phenotype score (phenotype score >0.75) and which are associated with various biological processes such as DNA integrity maintenance, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle and apoptosis.
Conclusion

The gene variants associated with HBOC condition in West Indian cohort have been revisited. Our findings provide novel as well as highly prevalent variants in the population which could be further studied in detail for their use in early diagnosis and better prognosis of HBOC patients.
Performance And Reliability Improvement In Intercalated MLGNR Interconnects Using Optimized Aspect Ratio
Authors: Kumari Bhawana , Sharma Rohit , Sahoo Manodipan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, aspect ratio of various intercalation doped MLGNR interconnects are optimized using a numerical approach toachieve improved performance and reliability. A numerical optimization method is presented to estimate optimized aspect ratio considering combined effects of performance, noise and reliability metrics for any arbitrary nano interconnect system. This approach is cost effective and will be extremely useful to industry for selection of aspect ratio of interconnects as it is a non-SPICE method and reduces fabrication iterations for achieving desired performance and reliability. Our numerical method suggests that by minimizing the figure of merit (i.e. Noise Delay Power Product (NPDP) / Breakdown Power PBD ratio), aspect ratio of FeCl3 doped MLGNR interconnect is optimized at 0.987, 0.61 and 0.579 for local, intermediate and global level, respectively at 7 nm node. Comparing the optimized performance metrics in this work with the estimated metrics at prescribed aspect ratio by IRDS roadmap, delay, noise delay product (NDP), power delay product (PDP), PDP/PBD ratio and figure of meritare improved by (∼2% and ∼25%), (∼44% and ∼50%), (∼9% and ∼48%), (∼6% and ∼48%) and (∼49% and ∼68%) for 10 µm and 1 mm long FeCl3 doped MLGNR interconnect, respectively at 7 nm node. Increase in contact resistance leads to significant decrease in performance and increase in optimized aspect ratio of local FeCl3 doped MLGNR interconnect. Scaling down from 10 nm to 7 nm node results in increase of optimized aspect ratio in all levels of interconnects. Even though theperformance of MLGNR degrades with scaling down but when compared to copper, the performance improves with technology scaling. Finally, this study provides circuit designers a detailed guideline for selecting an optimized aspect ratio for achieving better performance, power efficiency and reliability in doped MLGNR interconnects.
The X-ray corona turns into the relativistic jet in the micro quasar GRS 1915+105
Authors: Mendez Mariano , Karpouzas Konstantinos , Garcia Federico , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yuexin , Belloni Tomaso , Altamirano Diego , Blaes Omer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
GRS 1915+1051 was the first stellar-mass black-hole in our Galaxy to display a superluminal radio jet2, similar to those observed in active galactic nuclei with a supermassive black hole at the centre3. It has been proposed that the radio emission in GRS 1915+105 is fed by instabilities in the accretion disc4 by which the inner parts of the accretion flow is ejected in the jet5–7. Here we show that there is a significant correlation between: (i) the radio flux, coming from the jet, and the flux of the iron emission line, coming from the disc and, (ii) the temperature of the corona that produces the high-energy part of the X-ray spectrum via inverse Compton scattering and the amplitude of a high-frequency variability component coming from the innermost part of the accretion flow. At the same time, the radio flux and the flux of the iron line are strongly anti-correlated with the temperature of the X-ray corona and the amplitude of the high-frequency variability component. These correlations persist over ~10 years, despite the highly variable X-ray and radio properties of the source in that period8,9. Our findings provide, for the first time, incontrovertible evidence that the energy that powers this black-hole system can be directed either to the X-ray corona or the jet. When this energy is used to power the corona, raising its temperature, there is less energy left to fuel the jet and the radio flux drops, and vice versa. These facts, plus the modelling of the variability in this source show conclusively that in GRS 1915+105 the X-ray corona morphs into the jet.
Nationwide Epidemiological Characteristics of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in South Korea
Authors: Lim Eun Jin , Lee Jin-Seok , Lee Eun-Jung , Jeong Seok-Ju , Park Ho-Young , Ahn Yo-Chan , Son Chang-Gue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a long-term disabling illness accompanied by medically unexplained fatigue. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of CFS in South Korea.Methods: Using the nationwide medical records provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), we analyzed the entire dataset for CFS patients diagnosed by physicians in Korea from January 2010 to December 2020. Results: The annual mean incidence of CFS was estimated to be 44.71 ± 6.10 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 40.57, 48.76], and the prevalence rate was 57.70 ± 12.20 cases per 100,000 individuals [95% CI: 49.40, 65.79]. These two rates increased by 1.53- and 1.94-fold from 2010 to 2020, respectively, and showed an increasing trend with aging and an approximately 1.5-fold female predominance. Conclusions: This study is the first to report the nationwide epidemiological features of CFS, which reflects the clinical reality of CFS diagnosis and care in South Korea. This study will be a valuable reference for studies of CFS in the future.
A search for a stochastic archetype of quantum probability
Authors: Jenkins Tim C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Superposed wavefunctions in quantum mechanics lead to a squared amplitude that introduces interference into a probability density, which has long been a puzzle because interference between probability densities exists nowhere else in probability theory. In recent years, Man’ko and coauthors have successfully reconciled quantum and classical probability using a symplectic tomographic model. Nevertheless, there remains an unexplained coincidence in quantum mechanics, namely, that mathematically, the interference term in the squared amplitude of superposed wavefunctions has the form of a variance of a sum of correlated random variables, and we examine whether there could be an archetypical variable behind quantum probability that provides a mathematical foundation that observes both quantum and classical probability directly. The properties that would need to be satisfied for this to be the case are identified, and a generic variable that satisfies them is found that would be present everywhere, transforming into a process-specific variable wherever a quantum process is active. This hidden generic variable appears to be such an archetype.
Chemical Fixation Creates Nanoscale Clusters on the Cell Surface by Aggregating Membrane Proteins
Authors: Ichikawa Takehiko , Wang Dong , Miyazawa Keisuke , Miyata Kazuki , Oshima Masanobu , Fukuma Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chemical fixations have been thought to preserve the structures of the cells or tissues. However, given that the fixatives create crosslinks or aggregate proteins, there is a possibility that these fixatives create nanoscale artefacts by aggregation of membrane proteins which move around freely to some extent on the cell surface. Despite this, little research has been conducted about this problem, probably because there has been no method for observing cell surface structures at the nanoscale. In this study, we have developed a new method to observe cell surfaces stably and with high resolution using atomic force microscopy and a microporous silicon nitride membrane. We demonstrate that the size of the protrusions on the cell surface is increased after treatment with three commonly used fixatives and show that these protrusions were created by the aggregation of membrane proteins by fixatives. These results call attention when observing fixed cell surfaces at the nanoscale.
Epidemiologic Characteristics, Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcomes in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Tang Dongsheng , Chen Yue , Shi Yuye , Tao Hong , Tao Shandong , Zhang Quan'e , Ding Banghe , He Zhengmei , Yu Liang , Wang Chunling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).Materials and Methods: The data of total 5166 PCNSL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was obtained.Results: The mean age was 63.1±14.9 years, with a male to female of 1.1:1.0. The most common histologic subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (84.6%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 50.1, 36.0 and 27.2% and corresponding to DSS were 54.4, 41.3 and 33.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression showed that race, sex, age, marital status, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS, but radiotherapy no longer for DSS. Nomograms specially for DLBCL were established to predict the possibility of OS and DSS. The concordance index (C-index) of OS and DSS were 0.704 (95% CI 0.687-0.721) and 0.698 (95% CI 0.679-0.717), suggesting the high discrimination ability of the nomograms.Conclusion: Surgery or/and chemotherapy was favourably associated with better OS and DSS. However, radiotherapy did not benefit to OS and DSS in the long-term. A new predictive nomogram and a web-based survival rate calculator we developed showed favorable applicability and accuracy to predict the long-term OS for DLBCL patients specifically.
The Impact of Culture, Identity and Intergenerational Connections on Indigenous Youth Mental Health: Qualitative Findings from a Longitudinal Digital Health Community Trial
Authors: Walker Susannah , Kannan Prasanna , Bhawra Jasmin , Foulds Heather , Katapally Tarun Reddy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Indigenous youth in settler nations are susceptible to poor mental health due to complex inter-generational systemic inequities. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a culturally-responsive, land-based, active living initiative on the mental health of Indigenous youth. Methods: This study is part of Smart Indigenous Youth (SIY), a mixed-methods 5-year longitudinal digital citizen science initiative. SIY embeds culturally-responsive, landbased active living programs into the curricula of high schools in rural Indigenous communities in the western Canadian province of Saskatchewan. In year-1 (Winter 2019), 76 Indigenous youth citizen scientists (13-18 years) from 2 schools participated in the study. At the beginning of the term, each school initiated separate 4-month landbased active living programs specific to their culture, community, geography, and language (Cree and Saulteaux). Before and after the term, focus groups were conducted with the 2 Youth Citizen Scientist Councils, which includes students from both participating schools. This study includes data from focus groups of one participating school, with 11 youth citizen scientists (5 boys, 6 girls). Focus group data were transcribed and analyzed by two independent reviewers using Nvivo to identify themes and subthemes. Both reviewers discussed their thematic analysis to come to a consensus about final findings. Results: Baseline focus group analyses revealed themes demonstrating the importance of Indigenous culture, identity, history, and language. Youth emphasized the impact of loss of language and culture, the importance of being a helper, and the necessity of intergenerational knowledge transfer. Follow-up focus group analyses indicated that cultural school programming led to students expressing positive mental health benefits, increased interest in ceremonies, increased participation in physical activity, and greater knowledge of culture, identity, and ceremonial protocol. Conclusions: Land-based active living can play a critical role in improving Indigenous youth mental health. This study highlights the importance of linking active living with culture and the potential of leveraging citizen-owned ubiquitous tools in implementing interventions in rural communities. Digital citizen science shows promise for supporting Indigenous youth mental health initiatives.
A Computational Study On The Optimization of Transcranial Temporal Interfering Stimulation With High-Definition Electrode Using Unsupervised Neural Network
Authors: Bahn Sang-kyu , Kang Bo-Yeong , Lee Chany 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Transcranial temporal interfering stimulation (tTIS) can focally stimulate deep parts of the brain, which are related to specific functions, by using beats at two high AC frequencies that do not affect the human brain. However, it has limitations in terms of calculation time and precision for optimization because of its complexity and non-linearity. We aimed to propose a method using an unsupervised neural network (USNN) for tTIS to optimize quickly the interfering current value of high-definition electrodes, which can finely stimulate the deep part of the brain, and analyze the performance and characteristics of tTIS. A computational study was conducted using 16 realistic head models. This method generated the strongest stimulation on the target, even when targeting deep areas or multi-target stimulation. The tTIS was robust with target depth compared with transcranial alternating current stimulation, and mis-stimulation could be reduced compared with the case of using two-pair inferential stimulation. Optimization of a target could be performed in 3 min. By proposing the USNN for tTIS, we showed that the electrode currents of tTIS can be optimized quickly and accurately, and the possibility of stimulating the deep part of the brain precisely with transcranial electrical stimulation was confirmed.