bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KEPATUHAN TRANSFUSI DARAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ANAK THALASSEMIA DI RUMAH SINGGAH THALASSEMIA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Mustofa Festy Ladyani , Triswanti Nia , Rukmono Prambudi , Satriadi Muhammad Furqan 
Published: September 2021

Penyakit Thalassemia di Indonesia termasuk dalam kelompok negara yang berisiko tinggi. Berdasarkan data Yayasan Thalassemia Indonesia/Perhimpunan Orang Tua Penderita Thalassemia Indonesia diketahui bahwa penyandang thalassemia di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari 4.896 penyandang di tahun 2012 menjadi 9.028 penyandang pada tahun 2018 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan transfusi darah terhadap pertumbuhan anak dengan thalassemia di rumah singgah thalassemia Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak dengan thalassemia beta major yang berusia 5-10 tahun yang terdata di rumah singgah thalassemia Bandar Lampung berjumlah 55 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 65.5% responden yang memiliki kepatuhan transfusi darah baik dan yang memiliki pertumbuhan baik sebanyak 76.4% responden. Hasil dari uji Spearman, didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepatuhan transfusi darah terhadap pertumbuhan anak dengan thalassemia (p = 0.019). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara hubungan kepatuhan transfusi darah terhadap pertumbuhan anak dengan thalassemia. Dengan nilai koefisian korelasi 0.316 bertanda positif yang artinya nilai kepatuhan transfusi darah tinggi maka nilai pertumbuhan anak thalassemia juga tinggi, demikian sebaliknya bila kepatuhan transfusi darah rendah maka nilai pertumbuhan anak thalassemia juga rendah.
PERBEDAAN ANGKA KAPANG KHAMIR PADA JAMU BERAS KENCUR GENDONG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DENGAN JAMU BERAS KENCUR KEMASAN DI DEPOT JAMU KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Santika Febri Yanti , Marhamah Marhamah , Dinutanayo Wimba Widagdho 
Published: September 2021

Jamu adalah obat tradisional yang berisi beberapa bahan tanaman menjadi penyusun jamu. Jamu beras kencur merupakan salah satu jamu yang dijual oleh pedagang jamu. Jumlah jamur yang besar, menunjukkan mutu jamu yang dihasilkan. Jamur yang menghasilkan zat racun atau toksin dapat meracuni organ tubuh bahkan mengakibatkan kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perbedaan angka kapang khamir pada jamu beras kencur gendong di pasar tradisional dengan jamu beras kencur kemasan di depot jamu Kota Bandar Lampung. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain kompratif kausual. Analisis data menggunakan uji T Independent. Hasil penelitian dari 10 jamu beras kencur yaitu, 5 jamu beras kencur gendong di pasar tradisional dan 5 jamu beras kencur kemasan di depot jamu. Hasil angka kapang khamir 5 jamu beras kencur gendong 2,55 x 102 sampai 95,5 x 103 koloni/mL didapatkan sampel tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu, sampel C 95,5 x 103 koloni/mL dan sampel D 7,1 x 103 koloni/mL dengan hasil persentase memenuhi syarat 60% sedangkan tidak memenuhi syarat 40%. Hasil angka kapang khamir 5 jamu beras kencur kemasan 4,5 x 102 sampai 6,3 x 102 koloni/g dengan hasil persentase 100%. Hasil analisis diperoleh p value 0,311 tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada jamu beras kencur gendong dengan kemasan karena (p>0,05).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONFLIK PERAN GANDA DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PEGAWAI WANITA YANG SUDAH MENIKAH DI UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Harkina Prida , Junaidi Junaidi , Supriyati Supriyati , Sari Monica Prita 
Published: September 2021

Stres kerja adalah suatu kondisi dinamik individu dalam menghadapi peluang, kendala, atau tuntutan, yang terkait dengan apa yang sangat diinginkan dan hasilnya dipersepsikan sebagai sesuatu yang tidak pasti tetapi penting. Konflik peran ganda merupakan suatu bentuk konflik peran antar dimana tekanan peran dari domain pekerjaan dan keluarga saling bertentangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konflik peran ganda dengan stres kerja pada pegawai wanita yang sudah menikah di Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai wanita yang sudah menikah dan mempunyai anak usia 0-12 tahun sesuai ciri-ciri tertentu. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling sebanyak 42 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh hasil terdapat hubungan antara konflik peran ganda dengan stress kerja (Rxy 0.719 dengan Sig 0.000 dimana p < 0.000). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima. Artinya semakin tinggi konflik peran ganda maka semakin tinggi stress kerja dan sebaliknya semakin rendah konflik peran ganda maka semakin rendah stress kerja.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR JANTAN
Authors: Nurmalasari Yesi , Rafie Rakhmi , Warganegara Efrida , Wahyuni Lingga Desta 
Published: September 2021

Hemoglobin merupakan suatu protein tetrametrik eritrosit yang tersusun dari protein globin dan heme. Radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan lisisnya membran eritrosit. Proses tersebut dapat dicegah dengan pemberian antioksidan. Daun kelor termasuk dalam antioksidan alami yang memiliki sifat neurofektif melalui mekanisme antioksidatif. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan. Jenis penelitian eksperimental murni (true-experiment) menggunakan pre and post with control group design. Sampel adalah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan berusia 1-4 minggu dengan berat 100-150 gram sejumlah 28 ekor. Sampel dibagi empat kelompok meliputi Kelompok murni (KM) kelompok yang tidak diberikan ekstrak daun kelor, Kelompok Perlakuan 1 (KP1) kelompok yang diberi ekstrak daun kelor dosis 150 mg/kgBB, Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (KP2) kelompok yang diberi ekstrak daun kelor dosis 450 mg/kgBB,dan Kelompok Positif (KP) kelompok yang diberikan suplemen vitamin dosis 5,4 ml/kgBB. Uji Paired T-test menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) pada Kelompok Murni (KM) p=0,155, Kelompok Perlakuan 1(KP1) p=0,329, Kelompok Perlakuan 2(KP2) p=0,014 dan Kelompok Positif (KP) p=0,012. Uji Kruskal-Wallis didapatkan p=0,027 (p>0,05)berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok, uji Post Hoc dengan menggunakan Mann-whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik(p<0,05) pada Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (KP2) dengan nilai p=0,002, dan Kelompok Positif (KP) dengan nilai p=0,002. Terdapat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap kadar hemoglobin tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur wistar jantan pada kelompok perlakuan 2 (KP2) dosis 450 mg/kgBB dan Kelompok Positif (KP) dosis 5,4 ml/kgBB.
СУЧАСНІ ПИТАННЯ ПРЕДСТАВНИЦТВА ПРОКУРОРОМ ІНТЕРЕСІВ ДЕРЖАВИ В АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОМУ СУДОЧИНСТВІ
Authors: Драган О. В. , Таможня О. О. 
Published: September 2021

Окреслено актуальні питання представництва прокурором інтересів держави в адміністративному судочинстві в Україні.
Визначено правовий статус органів прокуратури відповідно до положень чинного законодавства. Зосереджено увагу на тому, що представництво прокурором інтересів держави в суді є на сьогодні одним з найефективніших видів адміністративних юрисдикційних проваджень у діяльності органів прокуратури України.
Вказано особливості представництва як виду юрисдикційної діяльності прокуратури. Зокрема, це наявність державного (суспільного) інтересу; здійснення уповноваженим державним органом на підставі закону; правоохоронний характер представництва.
Наведено відмінності прокурорського представництва та інших видів представництва: за характером, колом осіб, чиї інтереси прокурор представляє, сукупністю прав і формами їхньої реалізації.
Акцентовано увагу на правових аспектах, які позбавляють прокурора права на представництво інтересів у суді. Підкреслено складність з концептуальної точки зору визначення правового статусу прокурора у сфері адміністративного судочинства.
Участь громадян у державному управлінні: безперечні переваги та неминучі ризики
Authors: Станков Г. 
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджується криза сучасної демократії і участь громадян у державному управлінні як інструмент подолання кризи. Представлені причини наростаючої невідповідності між вимогами громадян і діями влади. Автором узагальнено переваги і недоліки участі громадян для того, щоб визначити певні аспекти цієї складної проблеми.
Значна частина сучасної теорії демократії присвячена якості демократії та динаміці процесів демократизації та протилежних їй процесів. У наукових дослідженнях обґрунтовано тезу, що в демократичних суспільствах зростає незадоволення функціонуванням влади, і все більше громадян вважають свої уряди недостатньо демократичними. Іншими словами, демократії стикаються з викликом стати більш демократичними.
Метою цієї публікації є дослідження можливостей підвищення якості демократії через посилення участі громадян у прийнятті рішень.
Для досягнення цієї мети проаналізовано широкий спектр літератури у галузі політології та державного управління щодо практичних наслідків залучення та участі громадян.
Практичне значення одержаних результатів полягає у тому, що вони можуть бути використані широким загалом фахівців і науковців, які в галузі публічного управління вирішують комплексну проблему залучення та участі громадян у державному управлінні з погляду на безперечні переваги та неминучі ризики.
Результати проведеного дослідження дозволяють зробити висновок, що за певних обставин участь громадян може бути досить корисною, а за інших обставин – навпаки. З огляду на потенційні переваги та недоліки залучення та участі громадян у визначеній політиці, наукова дискусія щодо того, як саме громадяни повинні брати участь у прийнятті рішень, триває. Основне питання полягає у тому, який тип процесу участі найкраще працює для усіх зацікавлених сторін та в яких конкретно випадках. Як теорія, так і практика демократичних інновацій мають бути зосереджені на розробці ефективних моделей та процедур, які використовують і збільшують переваги участі громадян та зменшують або нейтралізують її недоліки.
De Quincey's Slowness
Authors: Sachs Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

Much has been said about De Quincey's fascination with the speed and mobility of contemporary life. This essay argues that we need also to recognize an acute sense of slowness that develops alongside De Quincey's fascination with speed. Activities like walking and reading and the figure of the crocodile offer examples of slowness that complicate De Quincey's fixation with speed. Ultimately, this essay suggests that the fraught relationship between speed and slowness that colours De Quincey's experiences of media and mobility clarifies the emotional landscape of the ‘Confessions’, marked as it is by drawn-out affective experiences, including boredom, longing, and nostalgia.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT KALIBRASI SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Authors: Nugroho Agung Satrio , Viridianti Vivi Vira , Azi Amanda 
Published: September 2021

Peralatan kesehatan pada umumnya membutuhkan tingkat akurasi yang baik, sehingga perlu dilakukan kalibrasi. Salah satunya adalah alat sphygmomanometer yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan darah. Alat kalibrasi yang telah ada digunakan dengan membandingkan nilai tekanan raksa dengan nilai tekanan alat menggunakan pandangan mata. Cara ini berpotensi terjadi kesalahan pembacaan. Dari masalah tersebut, dibuatlah sebuah modifikasi alat sphygmomanometer yang dapat mengurangi kesalahan pembacaan tekanan. Alat ini digunakan dengan cara menekan tombol untuk menyimpan tekanan hasil kalibrasi, sementara pengguna hanya perlu melihat skala tekanan pada sphygmomanometer raksa.
Alat ini menggunakan sensor tekanan MPX5500DP dengan jangkauan tekanan 0 – 500 kPa. Output sensor diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler Atmega328 dan hasil pengukuran tekanan disimpan di dalam EEPROM. Hasil tersebut dipanggil kembali dan ditampilkan pada LCD Selain itu alat ini mampu menghitung kebocoran tensimeter dan menampilkan kondisi tensimeter ”layak” atau “tidak layak”.
Untuk mengetahui akurasi alat kalibrator ini dilakukan pengujian di PT. Sinergi Indocal Sejahtera. Metode yang dilakukan adalah mengukur tekanan shygmomanometer air raksa menggunakan alat kalibrasi yang telah dibuat dan FLUKE DPM4 yang dilakukan secara bersamaan. Dari hasil perbandingan didapatkan hasil selisih pengukuran terhadap alat kalibrasi maksimal 0,5 mmHg, nilai tersebut masih di bawah nilai toleransi sebesar 1 mmHg. Persentase rata rata error pembacaan tekanan terhadap alat kalibrasi sebesar 0,3 %.

Kata kunci : tekanan, kalibrasi, sphygmomanometer, kebocoran, akurasi.
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization Analysis Identifies an Oncogenic Pseudogene RP11-3543B.1 in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Zhenyao , Wu Hao , Liu Xianghua , Nie Fengqi , Wang Zhaoxia , Sun Ming 
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal Cancer (GICs) is the most common group of malignancies, and many of its types are the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Pseudogenes have been revealed to have critical regulatory roles in human cancers. The objective of this study is to comprehensive characterize the pseudogenes expression profiling and identify key pseudogenes in the development of gastric cancer (GC).Methods: The pseudogenes expression profiling was analyzed in six types of GICs cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq data to identify GICs cancer related pseudogenes. Meanwhile, the genomic characterization including somatic alterations of pseudogenes was analyzed. Then, CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the biological function of RP11-3543B.1 and miR-145 in gastric cancer cells. The mechanisms of pseudogene RP11-3543B.1 in GC cells were explored via using bioinformatics analysis, next generation sequencing and lucifarese reporter assay.Results: We identified a great number of pseudogenes with significantly altered expression in GICs, and some of these pseudogenes expressed differently among the six cancer types. The amplification or deletion in the pseudogenes-containing loci involved in the alterations of pseudogenes expression in GICs. Among these altered pseudogenes, RP11-3543B.1 is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. Down-regulation of RP11-3543B.1 expression impaired GC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. RP11-3543B.1 exerts oncogene function via targeting miR-145-5p to regulate MAPK4 expression in gastric cancer cells.Conclusion: Our study reveals the potential of pseudogenes expression as a new paradigm for investigating GI cancer tumorigenesis and discovering prognostic biomarkers for patients.
Complications After Thyroidectomy in Children: Lymph Node Dissection Is a Risk Factor for Permanent Hypocalcemia
Authors: van Rooijen Jesse J. , van Trotsenburg A. S. Paul , van de Berg Daniël J. , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Engelsman Anton F. , Derikx Joep P. M. , Mooij Christiaan F. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThyroidectomy is a treatment option in some benign thyroid disorders and the definitive treatment option for thyroid cancer. As postoperative mortality is extremely rare data on postoperative complications and long-term health consequences are important.ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequencies of short- and long-term complications, and their risk factors in pediatric patients (0-18 years) who underwent a thyroidectomy in a tertiary children’s hospital.MethodsA retrospective single center study was performed including all pediatric patients who underwent a thyroidectomy between January 2013 and February 2020.ResultsForty-eight patients were included in this study (mean age 14.6 years). Twenty-nine total thyroidectomies and 19 hemithyroidectomies were conducted. Thyroid carcinoma was the indication to perform a thyroidectomy in 12 patients, 36 patients underwent a thyroidectomy because of a benign thyroid disorder. Postoperative hypocalcemia was evaluated in patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy. Rapidly resolved hypocalcemia was observed in three patients (10.3%), transient hypocalcemia in 10 patients (34.5%) and permanent hypocalcemia in six patients (20.7%). Permanent hypocalcemia was only seen in patients who underwent a thyroidectomy combined with additional lymph node dissection because of thyroid carcinoma [thyroid carcinoma: OR 43.73, 95% CI (2.11-904.95); lymph node dissection: OR 76.14, 95% CI (3.49-458.98)]. Transient and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was reported in four (8.3%) and one (2.1%) of all patients, respectively.ConclusionPermanent postoperative complications after thyroidectomy are rare in pediatric patients undergoing a thyroidectomy without lymph node dissection. However, in this age group permanent hypocalcemia occurs more frequently after thyroidectomy with additional lymph node dissection because of thyroid cancer. With respect to quality of life, especially of pediatric thyroid cancer patients, reducing this complication is an important goal.
RETRACTED: CircSETD3 (Hsa_circ_0000567) Suppresses Hepatoblastoma Pathogenesis via Targeting the miR-423-3p/Bcl-2-Interacting Mediator of Cell Death Axis
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Haojie , Liu Zhijie , Abudureyimu Alimujiang 
Published: September 2021

Background: Up until now, the role of circSETD3 (Has_circ_0000567) in regulating cancer development has been reported in several tumors, but the role and regulatory mechanism of circSETD3 in hepatoblastoma (HB) remain unclear.Methods: The qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels in the present study. Stability of circular RNA was detected by RNA digested experiments. The gain-of-function and rescue experiments were used to explore the function and mechanism of circSETD3 in HB. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, transwell assay, and xenograft mice model were used to detect effects and regulatory mechanism of circSETD3/miR-423-3p/Bim axis on cell aggressive phenotype in vitro and in vivo.Results: Here, we identified that circSETD3 downregulated in both HB clinical tissues and cell lines, compared to that of normal tissues and cells. Further gain-of-function experiments validated that circSETD3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, viability, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis, and induced cell apoptosis in HB cells. Next, we validated that miR-423-3p targeted both circSETD3 and 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of Bim, and circSETD3 positively regulated Bim in HB cells through sponging miR-423-3p in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-dependent manner. Furthermore, through conducting reversal experiments, we evidenced that the inhibiting effects of circSETD3 overexpression on HB development were abrogated by upregulating miR-423-3p and downregulating Bim.Conclusion: Taken together, we evidenced that circSETD3 sponged miR-423-3p to upregulate Bim, resulting in the inhibition of HB development.
The Clinical and MRI Effect of TNF-α Inhibitors in Spondyloarthritis Patients With Hip Involvement: A Real-World Observational Clinical Study
Authors: Zhang Kui , Zheng Yan , Han Qing , Liu Ying , Wang Weitao , Ding Jin , Wang Yan , Zhang Bei , Jia Junfeng , Zheng Minwen , Zheng Zhaohui , Zhu Ping 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesHip involvement is an important cause of disability and poor prognosis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor treatment has been demonstrated to be effective in SpA patients with hip arthritis; however, quantitative assessment using MRI in long-term follow-up needs further application and observation.MethodsA total of 239 patients were involved in this study. Methotrexate and sulfasalazine were given as basic treatment. In total, 165 patients received TNF-α inhibitors plus basic treatment, and 74 received basic treatment only, as controls. Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, and 52. MRI performances of hip arthritis, including bone marrow edema (BME) and synovitis, were quantitatively assessed using the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System (HIMRISS).ResultsThe clinical values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Harris hip score, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-ESR in both groups showed significant clinical remission at week 52 (p &lt; 0.001). However, the change in disease activity levels at week 52 in the control group was significantly worse than in the TNF-α inhibitor group. At week 52, MRI showed a significant remission trend in the TNF-α inhibitor group versus baseline, and total HIMRISS scores were significantly decreased (26.49 ± 10.37 vs. 20.59 ± 9.41, p &lt; 0.001); the control group only had slight improvement (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsTNF-α inhibitors could significantly improve clinical and MRI manifestations of hip involvement in patients with SpA. Quantitative MRI assessment combined with clinical assessment can be used to accurately evaluate the treatment effect of TNF-α in SpA patients with hip involvement to help guide targeted treatment.
Is Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Associated With a Reduced Risk of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders Following Cardiac Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xiong Xinglong , Chen Dongxu , Shi Jing 
Published: September 2021

Background: To assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on the reducing risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) following cardiac surgery.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized controlled trials were performed. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases (to August 16, 2020) were searched for relevant articles to analyze the incidence of PND for intraoperative or postoperative dexmedetomidine administration after cardiac surgery. PND included postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD).Results: A total of 24 studies with 3,610 patients were included. Compared with the control group, the incidence of POD in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower (odds ratio [OR]: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.82, P = 0.001), with firm evidence from TSA. Subgroup analyses confirmed that dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of POD with firm evidence following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.79, P = 0.005), and intervention during the postoperative period (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34–0.67, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of POD in the dexmedetomidine group was also decreased in mixed cardiac surgery (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.98, P = 0.039). Irrespective of whether “Confusion Assessment Method/Confusion Assessment Method for intensive care unit” or “other tools” were used as diagnostic tools, the results showed a decreased risk of POD in the dexmedetomidine group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of POCD (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–1.03, P = 0.060) between the two groups, but this result lacked firm evidence from TSA.Conclusion: The administration of dexmedetomidine during the perioperative period reduced the incidence of POD in patients after cardiac surgery, but there was no significant benefit in the incidence of POCD. The effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of POD or POCD following different types of surgery and the optimal dose and timing of dexmedetomidine warrant further investigation.Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020203980. Registered on September 13, 2020.