bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Building Optimized NiS2/NiSe2 Heterostructures
Authors: He Shu‐Ang , Cui Zhe , Liu Qian , He Guanjie , Brett Dan J. L. , Luo Wei , Zou Rujia , Zhu Meifang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNiS1.23Se0.77 nanosheets closely attached to the internal surface of hollow mesoporous carbon sphere (HMCS) to form a NiS1.23Se0.77 nanosheets embedded in HMCS (NSSNs@HMCS) composite as the anode of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is reported by a facile synthesis route. The anode exhibits a superior reversible capacity (520 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), impressive coulombic efficiency (CE) of up to 95.3%, a high rate capacity (353 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1), excellent capacity retention at high current density (95.6%), and high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) (95.1%). Firstly, the highest ICE for NiS2/NiSe2‐based anode can be ascribed to ultrathin layered structure of NiS1.23Se0.77 nanosheet and highly efficient electron transfer between the active material and HMCS. Secondly, the optimized NiS2/NiSe2 heterostructure at the nanoscale of the inside HMCS is formed after the first discharge/charge cycles, which can provide rich heterojunction interfaces/boundaries of sulfide/selenides to offer faster Na+ pathways, decrease the Na+ diffusion barriers, increase electronic conductivity, and limit the dissolution of polysulfides or polyselenides in the electrolyte. Finally, the hollow structure of the HMCS accommodates the volume expansion, prevents the pulverization and aggregation issues of composite materials, which can also promote outstanding electrochemical performance.
Engineered Aptamer‐Organic Amphiphile Self‐Assemblies for Biomedical Applications: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Xiong Hongjie , Liu Liu , Wang Yihan , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuemei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrently, nucleic acid aptamers are exploited as robust targeting ligands in the biomedical field, due to their specific molecular recognition, little immunogenicity, low cost, ect. Thanks to the facile chemical modification and high hydrophilicity, aptamers can be site‐specifically linked with hydrophobic moieties to prepare aptamer‐organic amphiphiles (AOAs), which spontaneously assemble into aptamer‐organic amphiphile self‐assemblies (AOASs). These polyvalent self‐assemblies feature with enhanced target‐binding ability, increased resistance to nuclease, and efficient cargo‐loading, making them powerful platforms for bioapplications, including targeted drug delivery, cell‐based cancer therapy, biosensing, and bioimaging. Besides, the morphology of AOASs can be elaborately manipulated for smarter biomedical functions, by regulating the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio of AOAs. Benefiting from the boom in DNA synthesis technology and nanotechnology, various types of AOASs, including aptamer‐polymer amphiphile self‐assemblies, aptamer‐lipid amphiphile self‐assemblies, aptamer‐cell self‐assemblies, ect, have been constructed with great biomedical potential. Particularly, stimuli‐responsive AOASs with transformable structure can realize site‐specific drug release, enhanced tumor penetration, and specific target molecule detection. Herein, the general synthesis methods of oligonucleotide‐organic amphiphiles are firstly summarized. Then recent progress in different types of AOASs for bioapplications and strategies for morphology control are systematically reviewed. The present challenges and future perspectives of this field are also discussed.
Breaking the Fundamental Limitations of Nanoscale Ferroelectric Characterization: Non‐Contact Heterodyne Electrostrain Force Microscopy
Authors: Zeng Qibin , Huang Qicheng , Wang Hongli , Li Caiwen , Fan Zhen , Chen Deyang , Cheng Yuan , Zeng Kaiyang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerceiving nanoscale ferroelectric phenomena from real space is of great importance for elucidating underlying ferroelectric physics. During the past decades, nanoscale ferroelectric characterization has mainly relied on the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) invented in 1992, however, the fundamental limitations of PFM have made the nanoscale ferroelectric studies encounter significant bottlenecks. In this study, a high‐resolution non‐contact ferroelectric measurement, named Non‐Contact Heterodyne Electrostrain Force Microscopy (NC‐HEsFM), is introduced. It is demonstrated that NC‐HEsFM can operate on multiple eigenmodes to perform ideal high‐resolution ferroelectric domain mapping, standard ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurement, and controllable domain manipulation. By using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor, multi‐frequency operation, and heterodyne detection schemes, NC‐HEsFM achieves a real non‐contact yet non‐destructive ferroelectric characterization with negligible electrostatic force effect and hence breaks the fundamental limitations of the conventional PFM. It is believed that NC‐HEsFM can be extensively used in various ferroelectric or piezoelectric studies with providing substantially improved characterization performance. Meanwhile, the QTF‐based force detection makes NC‐HEsFM highly compatible for high‐vacuum and low‐temperature environments, providing ideal conditions for investigating the intrinsic ferroelectric phenomena with the possibility of achieving an atomically resolved ferroelectric characterization.
Microfluidics on Standard Petri Dishes for Bioscientists
Authors: Deroy Cyril , Nebuloni Federico , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew microfluidic devices are used in biomedical labs, despite the obvious potential; reasons given include the devices are rarely made with cell‐friendly materials, and liquids are inaccessibly buried behind solid confining walls. An open microfluidic approach is reviewed in which aqueous circuits with almost any imaginable 2D shape are fabricated in minutes on standard polystyrene Petri dishes by reshaping two liquids (cell‐culture media plus an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon, FC40). Then, the aqueous phase becomes confined by fluid FC40 walls firmly pinned to the dish by interfacial forces. Such walls can be pierced at any point with pipets and liquids added or removed through them, while flows can be driven actively using external pumps or passively by exploiting local differences in Laplace pressure. As walls are robust, permeable to O2 plus CO2, and transparent, cells are grown in incubators and monitored microscopically as usual. It is hoped that this simple, accessible, and affordable fluid‐shaping technology provides bioscientists with an easy entrée into microfluidics.
Effect of Plasticizers on the Properties of Potato Flour Films
Authors: Guo Shao‐xiang , Fu Zong‐qiang , Sun Yao , Wang Xue‐ying , Wu Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effects of plasticizers [glycerol, xylitol, ethylene glycol, urea, PEG200, PEG400, propylene glycol, and sorbitol] are investigated on mechanical properties, absorption coefficient, and water resistance performance of potato flour films. Findings indicated that the tensile strength values of potato flour films plasticized with ethylene glycol are about four times higher than those of PEG200‐plasticized films. The lowest elongation at break value of plasticized films is obtained with ethylene glycol reaching up to three times lower than the sorbitol‐plasticized films. The films plasticized with xylitol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol are more transparent than PEG200 and PEG400 counterparts. Films containing PEG200 and urea possessed higher moisture content and water vapor permeability than other plasticized films. PEG400 plasticized films showed higher water solubility and lower water contact angle, whereas propylene glycol plasticized films presented lower water solubility and higher water contact angle. The results obtained in this study indicated that plasticizer type significantly improved the properties of potato flour film.
Synthesis of Six‐Membered N‐Heterocycle Frameworks Based on Intramolecular Metal‐Free N‐Centered Radical Chemistry
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Qianyi , Li Lixin , Ma Yan‐Na 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe formation of intramolecular C−N bond represents a powerful strategy in organic transformation as the great importance of N‐heterocycles in the fields of natural products and bioactive molecules. This personal account describes the synthesis of cyclic phosphinamidation, benzosultam, benzosulfoximine, phenanthridine and their halogenated compounds through transition‐metal‐free intramolecular oxidative C−N bond formation. Mechanism study reveals that N−X bond is initially formed under the effect of hypervalent halogen, which is very unstable and easily undergoes thermal or light homolytic cleavage to generate nitrogen radical. Then the nitrogen radical is trapped by the arene to give aryl radical. Rearomatization of aryl radical under the oxidant to provide corresponding N‐heterocycle. Under suitable conditions, the N‐heterocycles can be further transformed to halogenated N‐heterocycles.
Diagnostic imaging, treatment and outcome in a 14‐month‐old Dobermann with brainstem gemistocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Manzanedo‐Delgado Alba , Mason Sarah , Pumarola Marti , Stabile Fabio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 14‐month‐old male neutered Dobermann presented for investigations into lingual paresis, dysphagia and proprioceptive ataxia of the pelvic limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass lesion in the brainstem. Treatment with glucocorticoids and radiation therapy (RT) achieved a good quality of life for 6 months, after which deterioration occurred. Repeated MRI revealed an expansion of the mass lesion, after which the owners elected for the patient to be euthanised. Postmortem histological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of a gemistocytic astrocytoma. This case report describes the first case in the veterinary literature of a young dog with a brainstem gemistocytic astrocytoma treated with RT and glucocorticoids, with remission of clinical signs and excellent quality of life for 6 months after treatment.
Rethinking the “gap”:Self‐directedlearning in cognitive development and scientific reasoning
Authors: Lapidow Elizabeth , Walker Caren M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo improve upon their current knowledge, learners must be able to generate informative data and accurately evaluate this evidence. However, there is substantial disagreement regarding self‐directed learners' competence in these behaviors. Researchers in cognitive development have suggested that learners are “intuitive scientists,” generating informative actions and rationally coordinating their current observations and prior beliefs from an early age. Conversely, researchers in scientific reasoning report that learners struggle with experimentation and often fail to reach appropriate conclusions from evidence, even as adults. According to the prevailing narrative, these inconsistent findings must be “bridged” to explain the gap between learners' successes and failures. Here, we advocate for an alternative approach. First, we review the research on scientific reasoning and find that there may be less evidence for learners' failures than is typically assumed. Second, we offer a novel interpretation that aims to account for both literatures: we suggest that self‐directed learners may be best understood as competent causal reasoners. That is, many seemingly uninformative or irrational behaviors are consistent with the goals of causal learning. This account not only resolves the apparent contradictions in the existing research, but also offers a way forward towards a more accurate and integrated understanding of self‐directed learning.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Development and AgingPsychology > LearningPsychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Eine neue Generation des Datenschutzes? Gegenwärtige Unvollständigkeit, mögliche Lösungswege und nächste Schritte
Authors: Martani Andrea , Hummel Patrik 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn einer zunehmend datafizierten Gesellschaft, in der Datenverarbeitung alle Bereiche des öffentlichen und privaten Lebens durchdringt, ist Datenschutz von großer Bedeutung. Da sich Technologien und Praktiken der Datenverarbeitung beständig weiterentwickeln, kann Datenschutz nicht stillstehen. Zur Beschreibung des Wechselspiels von technologischem Fortschritt und Anpassungsprozessen des regulatorischen Rahmens spricht Mayer-Schönberger von aufeinanderfolgendenGenerationendes Datenschutzes. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, was eine solcheGenerationauszeichnen und aus welchen Gründen eineneueGeneration gefordert werden könnte. Dafür arbeiten wir drei konzeptionelle Knotenpunkte im Datenschutzrecht heraus und argumentieren, dass – auch nach der kürzlichen Reform des europäischen Datenschutzes durch die DSGVO – Reflexion auf die markierten Grundsatzfragen für den Übergang zu einer neuen Generation erforderlich ist: derGegenstandsbereich, derSchutzgegenstandund dasParadigmades Datenschutzes. Im Anschluss fokussieren wir die biomedizinische Forschung als einen Kontext, in dem sich weitere, bereichsspezifische Fragen bei der Weiterentwicklung des Datenschutzes stellen: die Formulierung vonAusnahmenormenfür die Forschung und die Rolle derEinwilligungfür Datenverarbeitung zu Forschungszwecken. Schließlich werden vor diesem Hintergrund Hypothesen formuliert, wie eine neueGenerationdes Datenschutzes ermöglicht werden könnte. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass nicht nur Gesetzgebung, sondern auch andere Ebenen des Rechts, insbesondere dessen konkrete operationale Ausgestaltung durch Rechtsformanten, für den Begriff einerGenerationsowie für den Übergang zu einerneuenGeneration entscheidend sind.
Advanced Tools for Flood Management: An Early Warning System for Arid and Semiarid Regions
Authors: Holzbecher Ekkehard , Hadidi Ahmed , Volp Nicolette , de Koning Jeroen , Al Badi Humaid , Al Khatri Ayisha , Al Barwani Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechnologies concerning integrated water resources management, in general, and flood management, in particular, have recently undergone rapid developments. New smart technologies have been implemented in every relevant sector and include hydrological sensors, remote sensing, sensor networks, data integration, hydrodynamic simulation and visualization, decision support and early warning systems as well as the dissemination of information to decision-makers and the public. After providing a rough review of current developments, we demonstrate the operation of an advanced system with a special focus on an early warning system. Two case studies are covered in this chapter: one specific urban case located in the city of Parrametta in Australia in an area that shows similar flood characteristics to those found in arid or semiarid regions and one case regarding the countrywide Flash Flood Guidance System in Oman (OmanFFGS).
The Positive Impact of Donor Bone Marrow Cells Transplantation into Immunoprivileged Compartments on the Survival of Vascularized Skin Allografts
Authors: Jundziłł Arkadiusz , Klimczak Aleksandra , Sonmez Erhan , Brzezicki Grzegorz , Siemionow Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing the vascularized skin allograft (VSA) model, we compared the tolerogenic effects of different allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) delivery routes into immunoprivileged compartments under a 7-day protocol immunosuppressive therapy. Twenty-eight fully MHC mismatched VSA transplants were performed between ACI (RT1a) donors and Lewis (RT11) recipients in four groups of seven animals each, under a 7-day protocol of alfa/beta TCRmAb/CsA (alpha/beta-TCR monoclonal antibodies/Cyclosporine A therapy). Donor bone marrow cells (BMC) (100 × 106 cells) were injected into three different immunoprivileged compartments: Group 1: Control, without cellular supportive therapy, Group 2: Intracapsular BMT, Group 3: Intragonadal BMT, Group 4: Intrathecal BMT. In Group 2, BMC were transplanted under the kidney capsule. In Group 3, BMC were transplanted into the right testis between tunica albuginea and seminiferous tubules, and in Group 4, cells were injected intrathecally. The assessment included: skin evaluation for signs and grade of rejection and immunohistochemistry for donor cells engraftment into host lymphoid compartments. Donor-specific chimerism for MHC class I (RT1a) antigens and the presence of CD4+/CD25+ T cells were assessed in the peripheral blood of recipients. The most extended allograft survival, 50–78 days, was observed in Group 4 after intrathecal BMT. The T cells CD4+/CD25+ in the peripheral blood were higher after intrathecal BMC injection than other experimental groups at each post-transplant time point. Transplantation of BMC into immunoprivileged compartments delayed rejection of fully mismatched VSA and induction of robust, donor-specific chimerism.
Cyclosporine A, in Contrast to Rapamycin, Affects the Ability of Dendritic Cells to Induce Immune Tolerance Mechanisms
Authors: Machcińska Maja , Kotur Monika , Jankowska Aleksandra , Maruszewska-Cheruiyot Marta , Łaski Artur , Kotkowska Zuzanna , Bocian Katarzyna , Korczak-Kowalska Grażyna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing organ transplantation, it is essential that immune tolerance is induced in the graft recipient to reduce the risk of rejection and avoid complications associated with the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to promote transplant tolerance and may minimize the risk of graft rejection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive agents: rapamycin (Rapa) and cyclosporine A (CsA) on generation of human tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) and also to evaluate the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. tolDCs were generated in the environment of Rapa or CsA. Next, we evaluated the effects of these agents on surface phenotypes (CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, CCR7, TLR2, TLR4), cytokine production (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TGF-β), phagocytic capacity and resistant to lipopolysaccharide activation of these DCs. Moreover, we assessed ability of such tolDCs to induce T cell activation and apoptosis, Treg differentiation and production of Th1- and Th2-characteristic cytokine profile. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that rapamycin is effective at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs, however, does not change the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. In contrast, CsA affects the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance, but is not efficient at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs.
Complex Shepard Operators and Their Summability
Authors: Duman Oktay , Della Vecchia Biancamaria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we construct the complex Shepard operators to approximate continuous and complex-valued functions on the unit square. We also examine the effects of regular summability methods on the approximation by these operators. Some applications verifying our results are provided. To illustrate the approximation theorems graphically we consider the real or imaginary part of the complex function being approximated and also use the contour lines of the modulus of the function.
Differences in hip fracture care in Europe: a systematic review of recent annual reports of hip fracture registries
Authors: Werner Maic , Macke Christian , Gogol Manfred , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emmanouil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Hip fractures are of growing interest due to their increasing number, subsequent functional decline and high institutionalization rate of patients, mortality, and costs. Several process measurements are essential for hip fracture care. To compare and improve these, hip fracture registries in Europe became popular. This systematic review aims to describe the differences between hip fracture registries in Europe as well as the differences in hip fracture treatment between countries.

Methods
A systematic search using the keywords “hip fracture” AND “national” AND “database OR audit OR registry OR register” was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library according to PRISMA guidelines till 3rd December 2020. Recent annual reports of identified hip fracture registries in Europe were additionally identified in June 2021. Comparisons of most common case-mix, process and outcome measurements were performed.

Results
11 registries in Europe were identified. Differences were observed regarding inclusion criteria of the different registries. Comparison of the different registries was difficult due to differences in the way to report measurements. While mortality rates differed substantially between countries, most of the process measurements met recommendations according to recent guidelines.

Conclusion
Hip fracture registries were a valid tool to compare hospitals within one country. However, a comparison between registries of different countries should have also been easily possible. For this, the registries need to make their data easily accessible and further unify their way of measuring and reporting.
Intramyocardial injection of human adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates cognitive deficit by regulating oxidative stress–mediated hippocampal damage after myocardial infarction
Authors: LEE Tsung-Ming , LEE Cheng-Che , HARN Horng-Jyh , Chiou Tzyy-Wen , CHUANG Ming-Hsi , CHEN Chun-Hung , CHUANG Chi-Hsuan , LIN Po-Cheng , LIN Shinn-Zong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCognitive impairment is a serious side effect of post-myocardial infarction (MI) course. We have recently demonstrated that human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) ameliorated myocardial injury after MI by attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Here, we studied whether the beneficial effects of intramyocardial hADSC transplantation can extend to the brain and how they may attenuate cognitive dysfunction via modulating ROS after MI. After coronary ligation, male Wistar rats were randomized via an intramyocardial route to receive either vehicle, hADSC transplantation (1 × 106cells), or the combination of hADSCs and 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, a peroxynitrite donor). Whether hADSCs migrated into the hippocampus was assessed by using human-specific primers in qPCR reactions. Passive avoidance test was used to assess cognitive performance. Postinfarction was associated with increased oxidative stress in the myocardium, circulation, and hippocampus. This was coupled with decreased numbers of dendritic spines as well as a significant downregulation of synaptic plasticity consisting of synaptophysin and PSD95. Step-through latency during passive avoidance test was impaired in vehicle-treated rats after MI. Intramyocardial hADSC injection exerted therapeutic benefits in improving cardiac function and cognitive impairment. None of hADSCs was detected in rat’s hippocampus at the 3rd day after intramyocardial injection. The beneficial effects of hADSCs on MI-induced histological and cognitive changes were abolished after adding SIN-1. MI-induced ROS attacked the hippocampus to induce neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive deficit. The remotely intramyocardial administration of hADSCs has the capacity of improved synaptic neuroplasticity in the hippocampus mediated by ROS, not the cell engraftment, after MI.Key messagesHuman adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) ameliorated injury after myocardial infarction by attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.Intramyocardial administration of hADSCs remotely exerted therapeutic benefits in improving cognitive impairment after myocardial infarction.The improved synaptic neuroplasticity in the hippocampus was mediated by hADSC-inhibiting ROS, not by the stem cell engraftment.