bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of heat dissipation characteristics of quantum cascade laser with diamond submount using structure function and three-dimensional thermal fluid simulation
Authors: Takagi Shigeyuki , Tanimura Hirotaka , Kakuno Tsutomu , Hashimoto Rei , Kaneko Kei , Saito Shinji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The heat dissipation of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) for a mounted structure with and without a diamond submount was evaluated by temperature and structure function measurements and three-dimensional simulation. From the structure function, it was shown that the thermal resistance between the QCL on the InP substrate and the CuW mount was reduced from 5.0 K W−1 without the submount to 2.5 K W−1 with the diamond submount. In the 3D simulation, it was confirmed that the heat flux transmitted horizontally through the diamond mount is larger than that without the submount. It is considered that the heat flux in the horizontal direction improved the heat dissipation from the InP substrate to the CuW mount. As a result, the output of the QCL with the submount was 1.15 times that of the QCL without the submount.
Implementation of Total Physical Response (TPR) in English Learning for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Students
Authors: Pramesti Kadek Nesya Febi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

English becomes an international language to help people who have different mother tongue to communicate each other. Learning English is very important because it also helps to increase the quality of human resource. Each individual has right to learn English without exception. Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also can learn English. This study aimed is to describe the process implementation of Total Physical Response method in teaching English and the response from students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This study uses descriptive qualitative as research design with observation and interview. The participants in this study are five students who have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in one of special need schools in Bali. The result of this study shows that implementing Total Physical Response method, students are easy to remember the new words in English and they also practice the word physically and verbally. Total Physical Response method makes students feeling comfortable and enjoy in teaching and learning process. They are also being motivated and active in the English class.

Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, English language teaching, TPR method
A Wide-field CO Survey toward the California Molecular Filament
Authors: Guo Weihua , Chen Xuepeng , Feng Jiancheng , Sun Li , Wang Chen , Su Yang , Sun Yan , Ao Yiping , Zhang Shaobo , Zhou Xin , Yuan Lixia , Yang Ji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the survey of 12CO/13CO/C18O (J = 1 − 0) toward the California molecular cloud (CMC) within the region of 161.°75 ≤ l ≤ 167.°75, −9.°5 ≤ b ≤ −7.°5 using the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7 m millimeter telescope. Adopting a distance of 470 pc, the mass of the observed molecular cloud estimated from 12CO, 13CO, and C18O is about 2.59 × 104, 0.85 × 104, and 0.09 × 104
M
⊙, respectively. A large-scale continuous filament extending about 72 pc is revealed from the 13CO images. A systematic velocity gradient perpendicular to the major axis appears and is measured to be ∼0.82 km s−1 pc−1. The kinematics along the filament shows an oscillation pattern with a fragmentation wavelength of ∼2.3 pc and velocity amplitude of ∼0.92 km s−1, which may be related to core-forming flows. Furthermore, assuming an inclination angle to the plane of the sky of 45°, the estimated average accretion rate is ∼101 M
⊙ Myr−1 for the cluster LkHα 101 and ∼21 M
⊙ Myr−1 for the other regions. In the C18O observations, the large-scale filament could be resolved into multiple substructures, and their dynamics are consistent with the scenario of filament formation from converging flows. Approximately 225 C18O cores are extracted, of which 181 are starless cores. Roughly 37% (67/181) of the starless cores have α
vir less than 1. Twenty outflow candidates are identified along the filament. Our results indicate active early-phase star formation along the large-scale filament in the CMC region.
On the Origin of Late-time X-Ray Flares in UV/optically Selected Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Hayasaki Kimitake , Jonker Peter G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose a model to explain the time delay between the peak of the optical and X-ray luminosity, Δt
O−X hereafter, in UV/optically selected tidal disruption events (TDEs). The following picture explains the observed Δt
O−X in several TDEs as a consequence of the circularization and disk accretion processes as long as the sub-Eddington accretion. At the beginning of the circularization, the fallback debris is thermalized by the self-crossing shock caused by relativistic precession, providing the peak optical emission. During the circularization process, the mass fallback rate decreases with time to form a ring around the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The formation timescale corresponds to the circularization timescale of the most tightly bound debris, which is less than a year to several decades, depending mostly on the penetration factor, the circularization efficiency, and the black hole mass. The ring will subsequently evolve viscously over the viscous diffusion time. We find that it accretes onto the SMBH on a fraction of the viscous timescale, which is 2 years for the typical given parameters, leading to X-ray emission at late times. The resultant Δt
O−X is given by the sum of the circularization timescale and the accretion timescale and significantly decreases with increasing penetration factor to several to ∼10 yr typically. Since the X-ray luminosity substantially decreases as the viewing angle between the normal to the disk plane and line of sight increases from 0° to 90°, a low late-time X-ray luminosity can be explained by an edge-on view. We also discuss the super-Eddington accretion scenario, where Δt
O−X is dominated by the circularization timescale.
Blazar OJ 287 after First VHE Activity: Tracking the Reemergence of the HBL-like Component in 2020
Authors: Kushwaha Pankaj , Pal Main , Kalita Nibedita , Kumari Neeraj , Naik Sachindra , Gupta Alok C , de Gouveia Dal Pino E. M. , Gu Minfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report the reemergence of a new broadband emission through a detailed and systematic study of the multiwavelength spectral and temporal behavior of OJ 287 after its first-ever reported very high energy activity in 2017 to date, which includes the second-highest X-ray flux of the source. The source shows high optical to X-ray flux variations, accompanied mainly by strong spectral changes. The optical to X-ray flux variations are correlated and simultaneous except for two durations when they are anticorrelated. The flux variations, however, are anticorrelated with the X-ray spectral state while correlated with optical–UV (ultraviolet). Weekly binned Fermi-LAT data around the duration of the highest X-ray activity show a few detections with a log-parabola model but none with a power law, yet the extracted LAT spectral energy distribution of the high-activity duration for both the models is similar and shows a hardening above 1 GeV. Further, near-infrared data indicate strong spectral change, resembling a thermal component. Overall, the combined optical to gamma-ray broadband spectrum establishes the observed variations to a new high-energy-peaked broadband emission component, similar to the one seen during the highest reported X-ray flux state of the source in 2017. The observed activities indicate some peculiar features that seem to be characteristic of this emission component, while its appearance a few years around the claimed ∼12 yr optical outbursts strongly indicates a connection between the two.
Updated Transfer Coefficients for Magnetized Plasmas
Authors: Marszewski Andrew , Prather Ben S. , Joshi Abhishek V. , Pandya Alex , Gammie Charles F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate radiative transfer coefficients (emissivities, absorptivities, and rotativities) are needed for modeling radiation from relativistically hot, magnetized plasmas such as those found in Event Horizon Telescope sources. Here we review, update, and correct earlier work on radiative transfer coefficients. We also describe an improved method for numerically evaluating rotativities and provide convenient fitting formulae for the relativistic κ distribution of electron energies.
Prompt Emission of High-energy Nonthermal Photons from a Radiation-dominated Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Xie Y. , Zhao Z. H. , Lei Z. , Yao W. P. , Zhou C. T. , Zhu S. P. , He X. T. , Qiao B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In astrophysics, relativistic magnetic reconnection, where particles can accelerate in a region of a strong electric field and weak magnetic field, is a key physical process for the explanation of high-energy photon synchrotron emission above 160 MeV, the limit given by the balance between the accelerating electric force and the radiation reaction force. However, the reconnection dynamics—more importantly, the particle acceleration and photon emission dynamics—in this radiation-dominated, relativistic regime have not been self-consistently investigated yet. In this paper, through theoretical derivation of the modified relativistic tearing instability (RTI) and kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we find that, because of the radiation reaction, the compression of the reconnecting current sheet is significantly enhanced, leading to an increase in the RTI growth rate in the short-wavelength range. As a result, during reconnection, the current sheet is fragmented into a chain of many more magnetic null points separated by much smaller plasmoids, which eventually gives rise to significant improvement of particle acceleration efficiency and shortening of photon emission duration. In the simulations, prompt emission at duration ω
peΔT ≃ 233 (reduced by a factor of 3) of high-energy nonthermal photons with a hard power law of index 2.11 for photon energies <100 MeV and index 1.39 for those >100 MeV is observed. These characteristics are consistent with the observed emission properties of short gamma-ray bursts, particularly of GRB 090510, supporting the radiation-dominated reconnection scenario.
A Study to Assess the Effect of Supplementary Nutrition on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Selected Anganwadis, Bengaluru South
Authors: Viswanath Sambhu , Thressiamma P. M. , Sunil M. B. 
Published: October 2021

Background of the Study:
Protein energy malnutrition has been identified as a major health and nutrition problem in India. Hence, the investigator felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional supplement among preschool children in selected Anganwadis, Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:
Using purposive sampling technique, a total of 60 samples were selected with 30 in experimental and 30 in control group. Quasi-experimental design with pretest nutritional assessment and posttest nutritional assessment with control design is used.

Results:
The prereading mean weight score was 11.49 and the postreading score increased to 12.28. Similarly, the prereading mean score of height 94.32 increased to a mean score of 94.52 in posttest. While considering the head circumference of the preschool children, the pretest mean score of 47.82 changed to 48.03 during the posttest. During the pretest, the mean reading of mid-arm circumference was 14.67, which then increased to a mean value of 14.80 during the posttest. The chest circumference of the children was 50.85 during the pretest which then increased to 51.01 during the posttest. Thus, an overall improvement had occurred in the anthropometric measurements of preschool children even though statistically, it is not significant.

Conclusion:
The overall findings of the study revealed that there was a marked improvement in the anthropometric measurements of preschool children. Hence, it can be concluded that the nutritional supplement was effective in improving the nutritional status of the children.
Efficacy of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides in the Management of Mechanical Neck Pain
Authors: Shamsi Sharick , Alyazedi Faisal M. , Abdelkader Samiha Mohamed , Khan Shabana , Akhtar Ali 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Neck pain is the second largest cause of disability worldwide. The chronic neck pain prevalence is 14% which is somewhat higher in females as compared to males. In India, the reported prevalence is 6%. Therapeutically, neck pain is managed by physiotherapists using rest, stretching and strengthening exercises, educating patient, and intense proprioception and positional exercises.

Aim:
We aimed to determine the evidences for the efficacy of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG s) in the management of mechanical neck pain.

Methods:
One hundred patients (age group: 25–45 years) who were diagnosed with neck pain, with onset >1–3 months (chronic), were randomly assigned to Group A receiving conventional physiotherapy plus SNAGs and Group B receiving conventional physiotherapy plus ultrasound (US). Treatment was given for three times a week for the period of 2 weeks, once a day for 6 sessions. Before treatment and after 2 weeks of treatment, pain, range of motion (ROM), and neck disability were assessed on Visual Analog Scale (VAS), goniometer, and Neck Disability Index (NDI), respectively. This study was conducted in Raj Nursing and Paramedical College, Gorakhpur, ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04617288.

Results:
Patients in Group A that received conventional physiotherapy plus SNAGs showed greater improvement in pain and ROM compared with the conventional physiotherapy plus US group on the 2nd week compared with pretreatment (P < 0.050).

Conclusion:
The result of the study suggests that both the SNAG and US groups improve the symptoms of neck pain. The US group improved the pain symptoms but was too small to reach satisfactory outcome for patients. Based on these results, conventional physiotherapy plus SNAGs should be the treatment of choice for neck pain rather than conventional physiotherapy plus US.
Análisis Estructural del Fuselaje de un Sistema Aéreo No Tripulado de Monitoreo Volcánico
Authors: Ochoa Miguel Angel Rosales , Flores José Félix Vázquez , Arredondo José Arturo Correa 
Published: October 2021

México es un país con más de 2,000 volcanes en su territorio, que de acuerdo con el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED), se encuentran en actividad 12 volcanes, por lo que realizar el monitoreo volcánico es de suma importancia, especialmente cuando los volcanes se encuentran cercanos a las poblaciones. La utilización de un UAS (sistema aéreo no tripulado) evita exponer a personas en ésta difícil tarea. En la ESIME Ticoman del Instituto Politécnico Nacional se trabaja en el proyecto “Tlapixki”, un UAS para este fin, cuyo objetivo es asegurar que el fuselaje del avión soporte las cargas a las que será sometido, en este trabajo se presenta el análisis estructural del fuselaje en condición de despegue, con base en la reglamentación aérea y usando un paquete de elementos finitos. El material utilizado en la estructura es Aluminio 2024 T3, los resultados obtenidos del análisis muestran valores de esfuerzos mucho menores a los límites del material, mientras que, en el análisis modal, los desplazamientos generados son muy pequeños, indicando que la estructura del fuselaje es adecuada.

Mexico is a country with more than 2,000 volcanoes in its territory, which according to the National Center for Disaster Prevention (CENAPRED), 12 volcanoes are active, so volcanic monitoring is essential, especially when volcanoes are close to populations. The use of a UAS (unmanned aerial system) avoids exposing people to this difficult task. The ESIME Ticoman of the National Polytechnic Institute is working on “Tlapixki” project, a UAS for this purpose, whose objective is to ensure that the aircraft´s fuselage supports the loads to which it will be subjected, this work presents the structural analysis of the fuselage in take-off condition, based on aircrafts regulations and using a finite element software. The material used in the structure is Aluminum 2024 T3. The results obtained from the analysis show values of stress much lower than the limits of the material, while, in the modal analysis, the displacements generated are very small, indicating that the fuselage structure is adequate.
Evaluación integral aplicada en comunidad: Una innovación en la formación del Optometrista del Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, UMA IPN
Authors: Rodríguez Claudio Francisco Hernández , Magaña Blanca Elisa Pérez , Téllez Carlos Quiroz 
Published: October 2021

En la Carrera de Optometría del Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Milpa Alta, CICS UMA, se considera en todo momento la satisfacción de la necesidad social que se puede presentar cualquiera de las fases del proceso salud–enfermedad de las personas y comunidades. La alternativa de evaluación de la calidad del proceso de formación profesional utilizada en el octavo semestre del programa académico de optometría considera varios elementos que integran la estrategia de formación profesional terminal, entre ellos destacan: la aplicación de procesos basados en la investigación científica, de integración social, de operación y evaluación integral, e de innovación permanente en los protocolos de atención de la función visual basados en el conocimiento, considerados como Competencia Clínica, considerando ésta como: un conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, actitudes y valores necesarios para la ejecución de acciones relacionadas con la prevención, diagnóstico y cura de enfermedades y con la interacción de los miembros del equipo de salud con las personas de manera individual o en comunidades; aplicados, específicamente por la generación 40, a la solución de problemas visuales en la comunidad de El Vigía, Morelos, estableciendo como estrategia la evaluación del proceso mismo y la validez de los resultados.

In the Race of Optometry Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Unit Milpa Alta, CICS UMA, it is considered at all times the satisfaction of social need that can occur any of the stages of health and illness of individuals and communities process . The alternative assessment of the quality of training process used in the eighth semester of the academic program of optometry considers several elements that make up the strategy of terminal vocational training, among them are: the implementation of processes based on scientific research, integration social, operational and comprehensive evaluation, and continuous innovation in care protocols visual function based on knowledge, considered Clinical Competence, considering it as a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values ​​necessary for execution of actions related to the prevention, diagnosis and cure of diseases and the interaction of members of the health team with people individually or in communities; applied specifically by generation 40, to the solution of visual problems in the community of El Vigia, Morelos, establishing a strategy assessment process itself and the validity of the results.
Espionaje y normatividad colombiana, integridad del Estado Social de Derecho y la Seguridad Nacional
Authors: Ramírez Figueredo Sergio Andrés 
Published: October 2021

Los riesgos del espionaje tradicional, donde ciudadanos extranjeros o nacionales efectúan contacto con agencias de seguridad o actores no estatales extranjeros, representan posibles caminos para la fuga de información del Estado, así como una vulnerabilidad ante potenciales daños a efectuarse en el territorio nacional, sea contra activos estratégicos, ciudadanos nacionales o intereses foráneos presentes en Colombia.
Las medidas normativas en Colombia, consignadas en el Código Penal, Ley 599 del 2000, estipulan la aprehensión de todo individuo o grupo de estos, detenido y juzgado por comprometer secretos de carácter vital para la seguridad del Estado. La arquitectura del Estado Social de Derecho, definida por la Constitución Política de 1991, exige la primacía de los parámetros de derechos humanos y DIH, como principio de legalidad que se extiende a casos de espionaje ejecutados por connacionales y extranjeros.
La prevención ante el ingreso o eventual trámite de expulsión a ciudadanos extranjeros acusados por acciones de espionaje son potestad de Migración Colombia; los cuerpos de inteligencia y contrainteligencia nacionales ejercen funciones de rastreo, prevención y monitoreo de eventuales focos de infiltración de actores externos o internos, pero el manejo último tanto de la situación de permanencia o status jurídico de los ciudadanos extranjeros acusados por espionaje son ámbito de la agencia de Migración y del sistema judicial encargado de definir la acción penal.
En consecuencia, el objetivo de investigación apunta a observar cómo coexisten la esfera garantista del DIH y los compromisos de Seguridad Nacional ante el fenómeno del espionaje en Colombia; ante lo cual como hipótesis se considera que el carácter disperso del contexto normativo encargado de tipificar tales actividades, afecta la aplicabilidad de medidas penales, de tal forma que el camino resolutorio es la activación de protocolos de expulsión del individuo o grupos de extranjeros relacionados con casos de espionaje.
La participación de la niñez a la luz de la sociología de las ausencias
Authors: Bernal Moreno Helber Mauricio 
Published: October 2021

<p>Este documento propone una discusión y reflexión frente a los distintos elementos empleados por los adultos para configurar los discursos y prácticas de los niños y las niñas como ausentes. En tal sentido, no sólo se busca evidenciar que estas estrategias invisibilizan la participación del infante, sino que profundizan posiciones jerárquicas y relaciones de poder, donde el adulto toma las sesiones y el menor de edad se debe limitar a la obediencia. De esta manera, se pretende cuestionar la naturalización de dichas jerarquías, destacando que estas son más producto de la intencionalidad de algunos adultos que de la incapacidad del niño o la niña por participar activa e influyentemente.</p><p>Todo lo anterior, se fundamenta a partir de la propuesta conceptual de “La Sociología de las Ausencias” de Boaventura De Sousa Santos, donde se destacan algunas monoculturas que son empleadas dentro de la cultura occidental como estrategia para acentuar el dominio de determinados actores sobre otros (en este caso del adulto sobre el niño y la niña). </p>