bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety?
Authors: MacKay Rebecca N. , Wood Tyler C. , Moore Paul A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPredator–prey interactions are a key part of ecosystem function, and non-consumptive effects fall under the landscape of fear theory. Under the landscape of fear, the antipredator responses of prey are based on the spatial and temporal distribution of predatory cues in the environment. However, the aversive stimuli (fear) are not the only stimuli prey can utilize when making behavioral decisions. Prey might also be using attractive stimuli that represent safety to guide decision making. Using a novel, orthogonal design, we were able to spatially separate aversive and attractive stimuli to determine whether prey are utilizing safety cues to navigate their environment. Crayfish Faxonius rusticus were placed in the center of a behavioral arena. Aversive stimuli of either predatory bass Micropterus salmoides cues or conspecific alarm cues increased along the x-axis of the behavioral arena. Safety cues (shelters) increased along the y-axis by decreasing the number of shelter openings in this direction. Crayfish were allowed two phases to explore the arena: one without the fearful stimuli and one with the stimuli. Linear mixed models were conducted to determine whether movement behaviors and habitat utilization were affected by the phase of the trial and the type of aversive stimuli. Crayfish responded more strongly to alarm cues than to fear cues, with only alarm cues significantly impacting habitat utilization. When responding to alarm cues, crayfish used safety cues as well as fear cues to relocate themselves within the arena. Based on these results, we argue that crayfish utilize a landscape of safety in conjunction with a landscape of fear when navigating their environment.
Radiation Safety of Population: Experience and Ways of Improvement
Authors: Shandala N. , Korenkov Igor' , Lyaginskaya A. , Kiselev S. , Kvacheva Yu , Metlyaev E. , Parinov O. , Titov A. , Semenova M. , Zozul Yu. , Zinovieva N. 
Published: September 2021

The article describes the results of the activities of the department of radiation safety of the population of the A.I. Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA over the period from the foundation of the Center to the present.
Results: The priority in the activity of the Institute of Biophysics, created in 1946, was the development of issues of radiation safety of the personnel and the public during the implementation of a nuclear project. The basic scientific direction «radiation safety of the population» was formed as an independent unit by 1955. Today, the department of radiation safety of the population of FMBC is a scientific, practical and methodological unit which deals with radiation and chemical safety including an assessment of health of the population living in the vicinity of Russian nuclear facilities. The main priorities of activity include: radiation-health physics monitoring and health physics regulation; monitoring the health of the population; expert activity in medical nuclear forensics. Scientific research in the field of protection and safety and improving the state health and epidemiological supervision covers the population living in the areas of enterprises under FMBA’s of Russia service, including nuclear shipbuilding facilities, nuclear and uranium legacy of Russia and Central Asia, nuclear power plants, cosmodromes, etc.
Conclusion: In general, summarizing the 75-year activity in the field of the public radiation protection and safety, the following can be stated. Over the past years, a set of health physics works has been carried out at nuclear facilities, a methodology for radiation and health physics monitoring has been developed in conjunction with monitoring the public health, methods for determining man-made and natural radionuclides in food and environmental media have been developed and introduced into practice. The implementation of our new scientific developments and future prospects will be aimed at reducing the burden of medical problems associated with the operation of various radiation hazardous facilities and legacy management; raising the level and quality of life of the relevant contingents of the Russian population; as well as the creation of the necessary conditions for the successful development of nuclear energy in the Russian Federation.
Justification of Remediation Criteria of Uranium Legacy Sites
Authors: Titov A. , Shandala N. , Bel'skih Yu. , Isaev D. , Semenova M. , Doronieva T , Oskina K. , Gushchina Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To present approaches to establishing the criteria for remediation of sites contaminated due to past activities of uranium mining and milling facilities. These facilities are considered today as uranium legacy.
Results: This paper presents the justified reference levels expressed in terms of annual effective dose values, which are recommended for using as remediation criteria for sites contaminated due to past activities of uranium mining and milling facilities (uranium legacy sites).
Depending on further use of the sites after remediation, these criteria range from 1 µSv/year, in case of temporary presence of the population, to 10 µSv/year, in case of permanent residence of the population and conducting economic activities.
Conclusions: In accordance with the international basic safety standards, accepted more than 10 years ago, exposure situations from radioactive material retained from previous activities refer to the existing exposure situation.
Nevertheless, neither Federal Law “On Radiation Safety of the Population” nor Radiation Safety Standards have so far introduced terms “existing exposure situation” covering exposure at nuclear and uranium legacy sites and “reference level”, which is used to assure radiation safety of the population living at legacy sites or using these sites for the purpose of the economic activities.
Results of the Activities of Interdepartmental Expert Advice on Establishing Communication Diseases, Disabilities and Death with Impact Radiation Factors
Authors: Bushmanov A. , Biryukov A. , Korovkina E. , Kretov A. , Vlasova I. , Lomteva A. , Gugina A. 
Published: September 2021

One of the systems of expert councils that exist on the territory of the Russian Federation is the Interdepartmental Expert Council (IEC), where citizens can apply to establish the cause of the connection between illness, disability and death with exposure to ionizing radiation.
The article discusses the normative documents and the legal framework governing the work of the IEC, to establish the causal relationship of diseases, disability and death of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. The results of the activities of interdepartmental expert councils of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented.
The categories of citizens who have the right to submit documents for an examination to establish the causal relationship of illness, disability and death as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation in the IEC have been determined.
Subacute Course of Chronic Radiation Syndrome Caused External Non-Uniform Radiation Exposure of Lost Source
Authors: Galstyan I. , Bushmanov A. , Metlyaeva Nelya , Solov'ev V. , Mershin L. , Konchalovsky M. , Nugis V. , Shcherbatykh O. , Yunanova L. , Davtyan A. , Obuhova E. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To analyze the features of the clinical course of chronic radiation syndrome (CRS) due to external non-uniform chronic exposure to prolonged household contact with a lost source of ionizing radiation.
Material and methods: Analysis of 2 clinical observations of patients who developed subacutecourse of CRS and chronic radiation dermatitis due to external non-uniform exposure of the lost sources of ionizing radiation are presented.
Results: Boy A. K. from the age of 1 year for 7 years was external radiation exposed (for 1.5 years non-uniform exposure ) to the total dose according EPR tooth enamel about 6.3 Gy, according to the data of retrospective dose recovery on red bone marrow using voxel modeling – 26 (19–37) Gy.
F. V. V., male, 38 years, was external non-uniform radiation exposed for 5 months, the total dose according cytogenetic studies of 7.9 Gy (dose rate about 0.035 Gy/h).
During the examination in the hospital, the patients were diagnosed with CRS. Within the framework of the bone marrow syndrome, deep thrombocytopenia, moderate leuko- and neutropenia, and moderate anemic syndrome were observed. The latter is not typical for the typical course of CRS and is a criterion indicating a subacute course of the disease. In addition, signs of chronic radiation dermatitis were found in the projection of the action of the ionizing radiation beam. After stopping the radiation exposure, the patients did not recover their hematopoietic function, and in the period of immediate consequences, they developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with further transformation into acute leukemia.
Conclusion: 1. Accidental prolonged household or criminal contact with a source of ionizing radiation can lead to the formation of CRS with an atypical subacute course and the formation of MDS with transformation to acute leukemia in the outcome of the disease or in the period of its consequences.
2. It can be assumed that with external non-uniform radiation exposure, leading to the development of CRS and chronic radiation damage to the skin, agranulocytosis in the subacute course of CRS may be absent.
3. Adverse prognostic signs for the development of MDS and leukemia in the outcome or in the period of the consequences of subacute CRS with non-uniform exposure are long-lasting deep thrombocytopenia and anemic syndrome after the end of radiation exposure.
Analysis of the Results of Psychophysiological Examinations of Personnel of Nuclear Facilities
Authors: Kalinina M. , Kretov A. , Tsarev A. , Soloreva M. , Denisova E. 
Published: September 2021

The link between the health level of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional proof. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the fault of the human factor at nuclear facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system.
In order to achieve the above goals of the organization in accordance with Federal Law No. 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of atomic energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination.
In this study, the analysis of the results of psychophysiological examinations (hereinafter referred to as PPhE) of employees of atomic energy facilities, carried out by specialists of the A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre in 2020.
In vitro glucose concentration measurement by a reusable enzymatic glucose sensor and a highly stable circular heterodyne polarimeter
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Chih , Hung Shih-Han , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Wu Min-Rui 
Published: September 2021

A reliable glucose concentration measurement system was proposed that consisted of a circular heterodyne polarimeter and a reusable enzymatic sensor. The circular heterodyne polarimeter was constructed using a highly stable circular heterodyne light source and a compact alignment-free apparatus that provided phase stability of less than 1° within 20 min. The reusable enzymatic glucose sensor can be reused more than 100 times and retain 90% of its initial performance under optimum storage conditions within a month. The proposed method can be used to determine glucose concentrations in aqueous solutions and human serum. The optimum resolution of the proposed method was approximately 0.88 mg/dl for the glucose solution and 0.68 mg/dl for the serum-based sample.
Microwave frequency measurement with high accuracy and wide bandwidth based on whispering-gallery mode barcode
Authors: Wan Yangyang , Fan Xinyu , Xu Bingxin , He Zuyuan 
Published: September 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel method for photonic-assisted microwave frequency measurement based on whispering-gallery mode (WGM) barcode, which is a dense spectrum generated by a micro-resonator that supports a large number of optical modes. The measurement relies on the relation between the microwave frequency and its unique barcode. The proposed system has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high accuracy, and multiple-frequency measurement capability. Microwave frequency measurement from 1 to 20 GHz is experimentally demonstrated with a measurement error of 40 kHz. For multi-tone signals, the frequency resolution is demonstrated to be less than 20 MHz. A dynamic multi-tone microwave signal consists of a 16–20 GHz linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal, and a 10 GHz signal is measured to show the capability of multiple-frequency measurement. The system stability is also evaluated, and a self-reference method is proposed to maintain a long-term high-accuracy measurement.
Maternal health and health-related behaviours and their associations with child health: Evidence from an Australian birth cohort
Authors: Ahmad Kabir , Kabir Enamul , Keramat Syed Afroz , Khanam Rasheda 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study investigates the associations between maternal health and health-related behaviours (nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) both during pregnancy and up to 15 months from childbirth and children’s health outcomes during infancy and adolescence (general health, presence of a chronic illness, and physical health outcome index).MethodsThis study used Wave 1 (2004) and Wave 7 (2016) data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children (LSAC). We measured mothers’ general health, presence of a medical condition during pregnancy and mental health during pregnancy or in the year after childbirth. We subsequently measured the children’s general health, presence of a medical condition, and physical health outcome index at ages 0–1 (infancy) and 12–13 (adolescence). Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between the mothers’ health-related variables and their children’s health.ResultsOur results showed that poor general health of the mother in the year after childbirth was associated with higher odds of poor health in infants and adolescents in all three dimensions: poor general health (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.16–4.52 for infants; OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.95–2.04 for adolescents), presence of a chronic condition (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19–1.81 for adolescents) and lower physical health score (b = −0.94, p-value <0.05 for adolescents). Our study also revealed that the presence of a chronic condition in mothers during pregnancy significantly increased the likelihood of the presence of a chronic condition in their offspring during infancy (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.54) and during adolescence (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75). The study found that stressful life events faced by mothers increase the odds of poor general health or any chronic illness during adolescence, while stress, anxiety or depression during pregnancy and psychological distress in the year after childbirth increase the odds of any chronic illness during infancy.ConclusionsThe present study found evidence that poor maternal physical and mental health during pregnancy or up to 15 months from childbirth has adverse health consequences for their offspring as measured by general health, presence of chronic health conditions, and physical health index scores. This suggests that initiatives to improve maternal physical and mental health would not only improve child health but would also reduce the national health burden.
Ultra short time to Echo (UTE) MRI for cephalometric analysis–Potential of an x-ray free fast cephalometric projection technique
Authors: Abkai Ciamak , Hourfar Jan , Glockengießer Jörg , Ulrici Johannes , Hell Erich , Rasche Volker , Ludwig Björn 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
A novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan protocol is presented on the basis of ultra-short time to echo (UTE). By this MRI cephalometric projections (MCPs) can be acquired without the need of post processing in one shot. Different technical parameterizations of the protocol are performed. Their impact on the performance of MCPs is evaluated in comparison to the gold standard–the lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR) for cephalometric analysis (CA) in orthodontics.

Methods
Seven MCPs with various scan parameters influencing the scan duration and one LCR are used from one subject. 40 expert assessors performed CA for 14 predefined cephalometric landmarks. Relative metric distances and absolute angular measurements were calculated. Statistical analysis is presented and the deviations are highlighted to demonstrate the potential of the method for further analysis.

Results
The MCPs are acquired in 5–154 seconds, depending on resolution and contrast. Mean relative distances were 2.4–2.7 mm in MCPs and 1.6 mm in LCR, which demonstrate the accuracy and level of agreement of the expert assessors in identifying anatomical landmarks. In comparison to other studies, the presented MCP performed similar in angular analysis and demonstrated on average deviation of 1.2° ±1.1° in comparison to LCR. Despite the point articulare (Ar) and the related gonial angle the calculate distances and angles show outcomes in the range of ±2°/2mm.

Conclusions
MCPs can be acquired much faster in comparison to other techniques known from literature for CA. This study demonstrated the potential of the new method and showed first feasible results. Further research is needed to analyze the performance on a broad range of patients.
Validity of Secretin Stimulation Testing on Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumona , Blau Jenny E. , Cochran Craig , Auh Sungyoung , Weinstein Lee S. , Jensen Robert T. , Wank Stephen 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is characterized by gastrinoma-induced hypergastrinemia causing excessive gastric acid secretion. Secretin stimulation tests (SSTs) are required for diagnosis in the majority of patients. Two case reports suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) cause false SST results. Consequently, PPIs are discontinued to allow hyperchlorhydria to recur; however, uncontrolled acidity can cause life-threatening complications in those with underlying undiagnosed ZES. The aim of this study was to determine whether PPIs influence the validity of SSTs for the diagnosis of ZES.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed. Charts of patients who underwent SSTs were reviewed to determine whether they were performed on or off PPI and the test's accuracy by comparing the results with gold standard tests (diagnostic laboratory testing performed off PPI or surgical pathology consistent with gastrinoma). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of SST on PPI were calculated and results compared with SST off PPI using noninferiority analyses.

RESULTS:
Twenty-eight patients corresponding to 29 SSTs were performed on PPI, and 70 patients corresponding to 107 SSTs were performed off PPI. Most of them were female and white and had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We found no false-positive or false-negative SSTs on PPI. Sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of SSTs on PPI were determined to be noninferior to SSTs off PPI (P ≤ 0.05 for all).

DISCUSSION:
In our cohort, SSTs on PPI compared with SSTs off PPI were noninferior for sensitivity, specificity, and PPV. These results suggest that PPI withdrawal before SSTs may not be necessary.
A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of an Endoscopist Audit and Feedback Report for Colonoscopy
Authors: Tinmouth Jill , Sutradhar Rinku , Li Qing , Patel Jigisha , Baxter Nancy N. , Llovet Diego , Paszat Lawrence F. , Rabeneck Linda 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Variation in endoscopist performance contributes to poor-quality colonoscopy. Audit and feedback (A/F) can be used to improve physician performance, particularly among lower performing physicians. In this large pragmatic randomized controlled trial, we compared A/F to improve endoscopists' colonoscopy performance to usual practice.

METHODS:
Endoscopists practicing in Ontario, Canada, in 2014 were randomly assigned in October 2015 (index date) to receive (intervention group, n = 417) or not receive (control group, n = 416) an A/F report generated centrally using health administrative data. Colonoscopy performance was measured in both groups over two 12-month periods: prereport and postreport (relative to the index date). The primary outcome was polypectomy rate (PR). Secondary outcomes were cecal intubation rate, bowel preparation, and premature repeat after normal colonoscopy. A post hoc analysis used adenoma detection rate as the outcome. Outcomes were compared between groups for all endoscopists and for lower performing endoscopists using Poisson regression analyses under a difference-in-difference framework.

RESULTS:
Among all endoscopists, PR did not significantly improve from prereport to postreport periods for those receiving the intervention (relative rate [RR], intervention vs control: 1.07 vs 1.05, P = 0.09). Among lower performing endoscopists, PR improved significantly (RR, intervention vs control 1.34 vs 1.11, P = 0.02) in the intervention group compared with controls. In this subgroup, adenoma detection rate also improved but not significantly (RR, intervention vs control 1.12 vs 1.04, P = 0.12). There was no significant improvement in secondary outcomes between the intervention and control groups.

DISCUSSION:
A/F reports for colonoscopy improve performance in lower performing endoscopists (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02595775).
Is Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Ready for the Spotlight in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Follow the Data
Authors: Battat Robert , Long Millie D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As a plethora of data emerges on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease, guidance on its application is needed. In this literature review and consensus statement, the authors recommend reactive TDM for all biologics, summarize concentration targets, and provide guidance on TDM in various scenarios. Proactive TDM with tumor necrosis factor-antagonist monotherapy is recommended as an alternative to the combination of tumor necrosis factor-antagonists with immunomodulators. Although observational data support this approach, randomized controlled trials do not. We argue that there is considerable work left to be performed before embracing proactive TDM as an equivalent alternative to combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.