bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variational Embedding for Quantum Many‐Body Problems
Authors: Lin Lin , Lindsey Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuantum embedding theories are powerful tools for approximately solving large‐scale, strongly correlated quantum many‐body problems. The main idea of quantum embedding is to glue together a highly accurate quantum theory at the local scale and a less accurate quantum theory at the global scale. We introduce the first quantum embedding theory that is also variational, in that it is guaranteed to provide a one‐sided bound for the exact ground‐state energy. Our method, which we call the variational embedding method, provides a lower bound for this quantity. The method relaxes the representability conditions for quantum marginals to a set of linear and semidefinite constraints that operate at both local and global scales, resulting in a semidefinite program (SDP) to be solved numerically. The accuracy of the method can be systematically improved. The method is versatile and can be applied, in particular, to quantum many‐body problems for both quantum spin systems and fermionic systems, such as those arising from electronic structure calculations. We describe how the proper notion of quantum marginal, sufficiently general to accommodate both of these settings, should be phrased in terms of certain algebras of operators. We also investigate the duality theory for our SDPs, which offers valuable perspective on our method as an embedding theory. As a byproduct of this investigation, we describe a formulation for efficiently implementing the variational embedding method via a partial dualization procedure and the solution of quantum analogues of the Kantorovich problem from optimal transport theory. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A new high‐efficiency interleaved step‐up converter with zero‐voltage switching, zero‐current switching, and common‐ground features for stand‐alone electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Ghaffarpour Sadighi Hossein , Salemnia Ahmad , Mosallanejad Ali 
Published: February 2021

SummaryA new step‐up dc–dc converter with the interleaved operation is proposed. This converter is equipped with a novel active clamp circuit that provides zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) operation for power switches and zero‐current switching (ZCS) for diodes. High‐efficiency, interleaved structure, common‐ground, and continuous input current are other features of this topology. Also, the presented topology provides higher boost factors due to using coupled inductors. Therefore, this topology is useful for connecting to renewable energy resources like photovoltaic panels and fuel cells. Due to its soft‐switching operation and high efficiency, this converter can be designed for high‐power applications. As a result, this converter can be utilized in stand‐alone electric vehicle charging stations. Simulation and experimental results are presented to evaluate this topology. For this purpose, a 48‐V/380‐V/500‐W prototype has been built. Results confirm the above claims.
A new high speed and low power decoder/encoder for Radix‐4 Booth multiplier
Authors: Ghasemi Mir Majid , Fathi Amir , Mousazadeh Morteza , Khoei Abdollah 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe proposed booth decoder/encoder unit is an ultrahigh‐speed unit among the reported ones which was designed by modifying and creating a new format truth table with 0.18 μm CMOS technology. According to the modified truth table, four cases are defined, and a proper circuit for each case is designed. The proposed structure is discussed considering the possible problems such as the swing and discharge problems. The gate‐level delay of the proposed structure and other related works have been calculated and are compared. The propagation delay of the proposed structure has been calculated and simulated to validate the data. To justify the comparisons, other related works have been simulated again with the same condition. The propagation delay of the proposed structure is 226 ps, which is minimum compared to previous related works. The proposed structure reduces the delay by 30–200% comparing related works and also improves the delay of the multiplier 4–21%. The power consumption and the area of the structure are 477 μw and 20 × 18 μm2, respectively. In this paper, Hspice software for simulating, MATLAB for numerical calculations, and Cadence for designing the layout of the proposed structure have been used.
Cytomorphological and immunohistochemical features of renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors
Authors: D Priya , Sadasivan Baalu , Patil Okaly Geeta V , MukundaPai Malathi , Alashetty Soumya , B L Kavitha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRhabdoid tumors are rare, highly lethal neoplasms characterized by alterations of SMARCB1 gene in chromosome 22, which occurs in infants and children. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an effective technique to diagnose this tumor when combined with Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular genetics. In this study, we describe four cases of renal and extra‐renal rhabdoid tumor of which three cases were diagnosed on FNA with IHC.Materials and methodsThe study includes four children with renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumor retrieved from cytology archives. FNA was done with cell block, IHC, and cytogenetics. The cytomorphology with ancillary studies were reviewed along with histopathology which was available in 3 out of 4 cases.ResultsAll the four cases had similar cytomorphologic features comprising of large cells having vesicular nuclei which can be central or eccentric with prominent nucleoli and abundant pale cytoplasm. Few cells had intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusion. Cell block with IHC confirmed the diagnosis in three cases. One case in which cell block could not be made the diagnosis was confirmed on biopsy with IHC.ConclusionRhabdoid tumors are uncommon but aggressive neoplasms with poor prognosis. Our study highlights that they can be diagnosed accurately on FNA cytomorphology when combined with IHC on cell block.
Plant functional traits reflect different dimensions of species invasiveness
Authors: Palma Estibaliz , Vesk Peter A. , White Matt , Baumgartner John B. , Catford Jane A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrait‐based invasiveness studies typically categorize exotic species as invasive or noninvasive, implicitly assuming species form two homogenous groups. However, species can become invasive in different ways (e.g., high abundance, fast spread), likely relying on different functional traits to do so. As such, binary classification may obscure traits associated with invasiveness. We tested whether (1) the way in which invasiveness is quantified influences its correlation with functional traits and (2) different demography‐based metrics are related to different sets of traits. Using a case study of 251 herbs exotic to Victoria, Australia, we quantified species’ invasiveness using 10 metrics: four continuous, demography‐based dimensions of invasiveness (spread rate, local abundance, geographic and environmental range sizes) and six binary classifications of invasiveness (based on alternative sources and invasion criteria). We examined the correlation between species’ invasiveness and a set of four traits known to relate to plant demography and invasion. Then, we examined whether different demographic dimensions of invasiveness were better explained by different sets of traits. We found that the way invasiveness was quantified was important: different traits were linked with different invasiveness metrics, and some traits showed opposite effects across metrics. Species with fast spread were either tall with small seeds (i.e., good colonizers), or had heavy, animal‐dispersed seeds. Plants with a large environmental range had greater plasticity for some traits. Locally abundant plants had low SLA and heavy seeds (i.e., strong competitors). Animal dispersal was also key to reach a large geographic range. No traits were consistently related to the six binary classifications. Our results indicate that exotic plants are invasive in different ways and rely on different combinations of traits to be so. Some traits (e.g., seed mass) had complex relationships with invasion: they apparently promote, hampered, or had no influence on different dimensions of invasiveness. Our findings are consistent with the notion that plant species use strategies that may be near optimal under some, but not all, ecological conditions. Compared to binary classifications of invasiveness, the use of invasiveness dimensions advances clearer hypothesis testing in invasion science.
Estuarine fishes associated with intertidal oyster reefs characterized using environmental DNA and baited remote underwater video
Authors: Cole Victoria J. , Harasti David , Lines Rose , Stat Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been widely shown that oyster reefs enhance local biodiversity and fisheries production. To determine the importance of intertidal remnant estuarine oyster reefs compared to unstructured sandy habitats over small spatial scales (<1 km) to fishes, assemblages were sampled with two nondestructive methods: baited underwater remote videos (BRUVs) and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Fish diversity from eDNA was characterized using three metabarcoding assays, and the assemblages differed with each, as well as to that detected by BRUVs. Overall, 112 fish genera were identified, with 78 more genera detected using eDNA metabarcoding than those observed with BRUVs. Both eDNA and BRUVs resolved a higher number of fish genera associated with oyster reefs than with sand sites, and a different fish composition between habitats was also resolved using each method. Furthermore, eDNA was shown to be useful toward characterizing the gamma diversity of the estuary, due to the intertidal nature and hydrodynamics of the system, as well as the alpha diversity associated with oyster reefs and sand sites. This study reinforces the importance of using multiple metabarcoding assays along‐side BRUVs for sampling assemblages of fishes and demonstrates the utility of using both methods in studies of biodiversity and future management of intertidal estuarine systems.
A New Approach to the Dissolution Tests Management to Obtain Kinetic and Thermodynamic Data: Release of a Model Drug from Glyceryl Behenate Matrix Tablets
Authors: Slezáková Barbora , Matzick Kevin , Komersová Alena , Lochař Václav , Bartoš Martin , Mužíková Jitka , Haddouchi Samir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study is focused on the use of glyceryl behenate as a lipophilic excipient of matrix tablets providing controlled drug release. The aim of this study is to evaluate activation energy (EA) and changes of the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, ΔG) of a dissolution process. These values, which have not yet been published, can lead to better understanding of a drug release mechanism and can extend the use options of glyceryl behenate in the pharmaceutical industry. Values of ΔH, ΔS, ΔG and EA, providing an overall thermodynamic view on the studied matrix tablets, are evaluated based on the temperature‐dependences of the release rate constant of a model drug (temperature range 25 ‐ 45 °C). The studied lipophilic matrix tablets contain 10% to 50% of glyceryl behenate. Dissolution testing is carried out in an aqueous solution of HCl with addition of NaCl (pH1.2). Positive values of ΔH in the range of 3.83 to 56.13 kJ mol‐1 and positive values of ΔG indicate that the dissolution of the studied glyceryl behenate matrix tablets is an endothermic process which does not proceed spontaneously (in a temperature range of 25 ‐ 45 °C). The negative slope of the linear curves of enthalpy‐entropy compensation confirms the entropy‐driven dissolution.Practical Applications: A better understanding of the dissolution process is an important aspect, e.g., in the field of drug formulation strategy. In this study, it is confirmed that the influence of temperature on the model drug release rate is negligible for tablets containing more than 40% of glyceryl behenate. It is an important result for drug design due to the reduction of risk of a possible dose dumping effect induced by temperature and the prevention of in vivo therapeutic failure.
Synthesis of Vinylnaphthofurans and NMR Analysis of their Photoswitching
Authors: Graça Vânia , Berthet Jérôme , Sousa Céu M. , Delbaere Stephanie , Coelho Paulo J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn easy synthesis of photochromic vinylnaphthofurans by the acid‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction of naphthols with but‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diols is described. These uncolored polyaromatic compounds are activated by UV light, at room temperature, and converted through a stilbene‐type electrocyclization into a thermally stable orange species, which can be switched back using visible light. The behavior of these photoswitches was elucidated using NMR, which allowed to identify the photoisomers and some side‐products, formed after prolonged UV irradiation.
Unaccompanied refugee minors and resettlement: Turning points towards integration
Authors: Andersson Elin Sofia , Skar Ane‐Marthe Solheim , Jensen Tine K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResettling into a new country may pose many challenges for unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs). In this study we seek to get a better understanding of these challenges through analysing interviews with 48 URMs five years after their arrival in Norway, using the concept of turning points as an analytic frame. Gaining a sense of security, feeling affiliated, being loved and cared for, and becoming independent were identified as important turning points. Despite high levels of agency, many of the youths struggled to fulfil these basic needs, possibly due to limited relational and cultural resources. These struggles seemed to interfere with their capacity to participate in important developmental activities, affecting their well‐being and making integration difficult. This study's results accentuate the need for better systems and assistance from people in their support system to help URMs towards feeling secure, affiliated, loved, and independent as this may facilitate resettlement and integration.
Damage detection via modal analysis of masonry structures using shaking table tests
Authors: Pepi Chiara , Cavalagli Nicola , Gusella Vittorio , Gioffrè Massimiliano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the last two decades, the use of modal parameters to detect and localize structural damage has gained increasing interest in the scientific community. The work reported in the literature mainly deals with the change of natural frequencies due to changes in structural properties given by damage. This approach relies on the accurate modal parameters estimation, which is still a very difficult task especially when complex structural systems are of interest. Furthermore, damage detection and localization can be highly inaccurate if natural frequencies are used only, regardless of the associated mode shapes. This paper investigates the effectiveness of vibration‐based methods for dynamic identification and damage detection on masonry structures using experimental tests and operational modal analysis. In particular, ambient vibration tests are first used to obtain modal parameters of two different building models made up of unreinforced and confined masonry, respectively. A shaking table is then used to give a sequence of increasing seismic loads to each of the two masonry models. Damage‐induced variations of the modal parameters, i.e., natural frequencies and associated mode shapes, are estimated after each seismic level using the structural vibrations caused by a low‐level white noise base excitation. The obtained results give useful information on the effectiveness of vibration‐based methods to detect and localize different damage patterns on masonry structures using changes in the modal parameters. Furthermore, it was possible to assess the different seismic performance of the confined masonry structural system compared to the unreinforced masonry.
Risk estimation of the disaster waste generated by both ground motion and tsunami due to the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake
Authors: Ishibashi Hiroki , Akiyama Mitsuyoshi , Kojima Takayuki , Aoki Koki , Koshimura Shunichi , Frangopol Dan M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe amount of disaster waste is one of the most important performance indicators in quantifying the resilience of a community. In fact, disaster waste can have significant negative impacts on the environment in affected regions and hinder the postdisaster recovery process. Appropriate disaster waste management should be developed in Japan before the occurrence of the Nankai Trough earthquake. It is expected that the seismic and tsunami intensities caused by the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake will be substantially larger than those caused by the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. In this paper, a risk‐based methodology is presented for estimating the amount of disaster waste generated by both the ground motions and the tsunami due to the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake. First, Monte Carlo simulation‐based probabilistic hazard analyses are performed to obtain seismic and tsunami hazard curves considering the uncertainty associated with fault movement along the Nankai Trough. Structural damage data associated with past earthquakes are used to develop seismic and tsunami fragility curves. The amount of disaster waste generated from a single structure is defined as the generation unit and is determined based on past disasters. Finally, with the aid of a geographic information system, the risk of disaster waste can be estimated using the hazard and fragility curves and the generation units. As an illustrative example, the risk curves and expected values associated with disaster waste in Mie Prefecture, Japan, are estimated based on the proposed framework.
Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil, NaCl, acid, time, and temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes strains in broth and minced rainbow trout
Authors: Hosseini Setayesh , Abdollahzadeh Esmail , Ranaei Vahid , Mahmoudzadeh Maryam , Pilevar Zahra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe small outbreaks of listeriosis as one of the leading causes of food poisoning‐associated deaths occur more than previously reported. In current study, the growth ability of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from different sources of food and human origin was measured under salt stress (0.5%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and acid environments (pH = 6.64 and 5.77) for 96 hr by using a Bioscreen C microbiology reader at 37°C. In further steps of this study, after analysis of constituents of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (ZMEO), the sensory evaluation of the treated fish meat with ZMEO was performed. Then, the fish isolate of L. monocytogenes was exposed to sensory acceptable and subminimum inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of ZMEO in fish broth and minced fish meat during incubation at abuse (12°C), room (22°C), and optimum (37°C) temperatures for 48 hr. The MIC of NaCl against four strains of L. monocytogenes was 10% at 37°C. The maximum optical densities (ODs) and under curve areas (AUC) of growth patterns in higher pH value and lower contents of NaCl followed the order of 21C > 6F > 66C > 22C of L. monocytogenes strains, while the lag time was prolonged in the reverse order. The maximum OD, growth, and lag times of samples treated with higher contents of NaCl and lower pH value were affected in a different order. The organoleptic evaluation showed that the fish meat treated with less than 0.5% of ZMEO was sensory acceptable. The population of L. monocytogenes remained relatively constant at the inoculation level of 107 cfu/ml (or g) at 12°C in broth and minced fish mediums. The inhibitory antilisterial activity of essential oil as an extensive‐used plant for food and pharmacological applications is negligible due to possible adverse sensory and toxic effects at relevant high doses.
Perspectives for chitosan‐based membranes in CO2/N2 separation : Structure‐property relationship
Authors: Borgohain Rajashree 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted on a variety of processes for abating the increasing CO2 emissions which have been causing adverse effects on the environment. Among these, gas separation membranes have the potential to overcome a number of limitations of existing technologies by reducing the cost of operations and providing an efficient, compact module which can be employed for separating CO2 from natural gas and post‐combustion flue gas streams. Recently, chitosan and its derivatives have proven their ability to form CO2‐selective facilitated transport membranes through the utilization of the amino group fixed site carriers present in the polymer. Later, the performance of chitosan membrane can be substantially improved by carrier enrichment. This review aims to cover the structure‐property relations of chitosan and its film‐forming derivatives, with a brief discussion of the advantages and challenges in using these polymers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The default mode network and cognition in Parkinson's disease: A multimodal resting‐state network approach
Authors: Ruppert Marina C. , Greuel Andrea , Freigang Julia , Tahmasian Masoud , Maier Franziska , Hammes Jochen , van Eimeren Thilo , Timmermann Lars , Tittgemeyer Marc , Drzezga Alexander , Eggers Carsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvolvement of the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported by resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) studies. However, the relation to metabolic measures obtained by [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is largely unknown. We applied multimodal resting‐state network analysis to clarify the association between intrinsic metabolic and functional connectivity abnormalities within the DMN and their significance for cognitive symptoms in PD. PD patients were classified into normal cognition (n = 36) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 12). The DMN was identified by applying an independent component analysis to FDG‐PET and rsfMRI data of a matched subset (16 controls and 16 PD patients) of the total cohort. Besides metabolic activity, metabolic and functional connectivity within the DMN were compared between the patients' groups and healthy controls (n = 16). Glucose metabolism was significantly reduced in all DMN nodes in both patient groups compared to controls, with the lowest uptake in PD‐MCI (p < .05). Increased metabolic and functional connectivity along fronto‐parietal connections was identified in PD‐MCI patients compared to controls and unimpaired patients. Functional connectivity negatively correlated with cognitive composite z‐scores in patients (r = −.43, p = .005). The current study clarifies the commonalities of metabolic and hemodynamic measures of brain network activity and their individual significance for cognitive symptoms in PD, highlighting the added value of multimodal resting‐state network approaches for identifying prospective biomarkers.