bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 With Learned Pathogenic Model
Authors: Dutta Abhishek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 together with variants have caused an unprecedented amount of mental and economic turmoil with ever increasing fatality and no proven therapies in sight. The healthcare industry is racing to find a cure with multitude of clinical trials underway to access the efficacy of repurposed antivirals, however the much needed insights into the dynamics of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and corresponding pharmacology of antivirals are lacking. This paper introduces systematic pathological model learning of COVID-19 dynamics followed by derivative free optimization based multi objective drug rescheduling. The pathological model learnt from clinical data of severe COVID-19 patients treated with Remdesivir could additionally predict immune T cells response and resulted in a dramatic reduction in Remdesivir dose and schedule leading to lower toxicities, however maintaining a high virological efficacy.
The Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI) An International Validation Study
Authors: Palmer Raymond F , Rincon Rudy , Perales Roger F , Walker Tatjana F , Jaén Carlos F , Miller Claudia F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Chemical intolerance is a condition that may result in multisystem symptoms triggered by low levels of exposure to xenobiotics such as chemicals, foods, and drugs. The prevalence of chemical intolerance is estimated to be between 8% and 33% across several countries. Clinicians and researchers require a brief, practical tool for identifying chemical intolerance.
Objectives
This 5-country, population-based study investigates the validity of a three-item screening questionnaire, the Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI), against the 50-item Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI).
Methods
One thousand individuals (n = 1,000) in each of 5 countries, the U.S., Japan, Italy, Mexico, and India responded to both the QEESI and the BREESI on a Qualtrics platform by Dyanata, a survey company that provides recruitment services for researchers. We determined performance metrics for BREESI responses comparing the number of items chosen on the BREESI with QEESI scores for chemical intolerance. We used logistic regression to determine the likelihood of chemical intolerance based on scoring 0, 1, 2 or 3 items on the BREESI. We report BREESI sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.
Results
Compared to the QEESI reference standard, the BREESI had excellent sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values for chemical intolerance in all countries except Japan. In Japan, the BREESI had poor sensitivity and a poor negative predictive value. Logistic regression shows that in all countries, with each increase in BREESI items endorsed, there is 4- to 5-fold increase in the odds of CI. Although the samples are relatively small for estimating population prevalence, our results suggest interesting differences and overall high prevalence of chemical intolerance. Applying QEESI criteria, India appears to have very high rates of chemical intolerance—over 50% of those sampled (54.7%, 95% CI = 52–58) followed by Japan (40.3%, 95% CI = 40–77), Italy (34.3%, 95% CI = 32–37), U.S. (31.2%, 95% CI = 28–34) and Mexico (26.0%, 95% CI = 23–29).
Discussion
This study confirms the results of a two recently published validation papers in the U.S. The BREESI performs well as a screening tool for chemical intolerance. The BREESI is a practical tool for researchers, clinicians, and epidemiologists seeking to understand and address this important and prevalent condition.
On the clinical acceptance of black-box systems for EEG seizure prediction
Authors: Pinto Mauro , Leal Adriana , Lopes Fábio , Pais José , Dourado António , Sales Francisco , Martins Pedro , Teixeira César 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite 46 years of seizure prediction research, few devices/systems underwent clinical trials and/or are commercialised, where the most recent state-of-the-art approaches are not used to their full potential. This demonstrates the existence of social barriers to new methodologies. Based on the literature, we performed a qualitative study to analyse the seizure prediction ecosystem to find these barriers. With Grounded Theory and Actor-Network Theory, we draw hypothesis from data and considered that technology shapes social configurations and interests. For seizure prediction, as long as an algorithm proves to be useful to the patient, we conclude that we may only need to explain the model’s decisions, and not to necessarily obtain intrinsically interpretable models. Accordingly, we argue that it is possible to develop robust prediction models, including black-box systems to some extent, while avoiding data bias, ensuring patient safety, and still complying with legislation, as long as they can deliver human-comprehensible explanations.
Optimization Algorithms As Training Approach With Deep Learning Methods To Develop An Ultraviolet Index Forecasting Model
Authors: Ahmed Abul Abrar Masrur , Ahmed Mohammad Hafez , Saha Sanjoy Kanti , Ahmed Oli , Sutradhar Ambica 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The solar ultraviolet index (UVI) is a key public health indicator to mitigate the ultraviolet-exposure related diseases. However, in practice, the ultraviolet irradiance measurements are difficult and need expensive ground-based physical models and time-consuming satellite-observed data. Furthermore, accurate short-term forecasting is crucial for making effective decisions on public health owing to UVI related diseases. To this end, this study aimed to develop and compare the performances of different hybridized deep learning models for forecasting the daily UVI index. The ultraviolet irradiance-related data were collected for Perth station of Western Australia. A hybrid-deep learning framework was formulated with a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory called CLSTM. The comprehensive dataset (i.e., satellite-derived Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, ground-based datasets from Scientific Information for Landowners, and synoptic-scale climate indices) were fed into the proposed network and optimized by four optimization techniques. The results demonstrated the excellent forecasting capability (i.e., low error and high efficiency) of the recommended hybrid CLSTM model compared to the counterpart benchmark models. Overall, this study showed that the proposed hybrid CLSTM model successfully apprehends the complex and non-linear relationships between predictor variables and the daily UVI. A complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN)-CLSTM-based is appeared to be an accurate forecasting system capable of reacting quickly to measured conditions. Further, the genetic algorithm is found to be the most effective optimization technique. The study inference can considerably enhance real-time exposure advice for the public and help mitigate the potential for solar UV-exposure-related diseases such as melanoma.
Mapping Ductile-To-Fragile Transition And The Effect of Tool Nose Radius In Diamond Turning of Single-Crystal Silicon
Authors: Dib Marcel Henrique Militão , Otoboni José Antonio , Jasinevicius Renato Goulart 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although it has long been known that tools with more negative rake angles allow the ductile regime to be achieved when machining monocrystalline silicon; little has been discussed about the tool-material interaction in terms of the microgeometric contact of the tool tip at this interface. In this paper, the tool rake angle was varied in order to change the undeformed chip thickness value once the tool cutting radius, formed in front of the tool rake face, changes when the tool rake angle becomes more negative. Based on the statistical design of the experiment applied to cutting tests, a map relating values of transition pressure and different crystallographic directions is built to assist in determining machining conditions with a ductile response within a wider spectrum based on tool rake angle under different machining conditions. The results obtained allowed to answer questions under which machining conditions and tool geometry account for better surface finishes, lower machining forces, and lower residual stresses. The response surfaces generated provided answers capable of establishing under which cutting radii yielded more ductile mode material removal and avoided a brittle response, related to anisotropic response due to change in the crystallographic direction. Finally, we used the brittle-to-ductile transition map to determine a more suitable machining condition to diamond turn Fresnel lenses in single crystal silicon.
Medication Related Adverse Events in the Emergency Medical Services: Analysis of a Patient Safety Register
Authors: Howard Ian , Howland Ian , Castle Nicholas , Shaikh Loua Al , Owen Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdverse drug events encompass a wide range of potential unintended and harmful events, from adverse drug reactions to medication errors, many of which in retrospect, are considered preventable. However, the primary challenge towards reducing their burden lies in consistently identifying and monitoring these occurrences, a challenge faced across the spectrum of healthcare, including the emergency medical services. The aim of this study was to identify and describe medication related adverse events (AEs) in the out-of-hospital setting.MethodsThe medication components of a dedicated patient safety register were analysed and described for the period Jan 2017 – Sept 2020. Univariate descriptive analysis was used to summarize and report on basic case and patient demographics, intervention related AEs, medication related AEs, and AE severity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the odds of AE severity, by AE type.FindingsA total of 3475 patient records were assessed where 161 individual medication AEs were found in 150 (4.32%), 12 of which were categorised as harmful. Failure to provide a required medication was found to be the most common error (1.67%), followed by the administration of medications outside of prescribed practice guidelines (1.18%). There was evidence to suggest a 63% increase in crude odds of any AE severity [OR 1.63 (95% CI: 1.03 – 2.6), p = 0.035] with the medication only AEs when compared to the intervention only AEs. ConclusionPrehospital medication related adverse events remain a significant threat to patient safety in this setting and warrant greater widespread attention and future identification of strategies aimed at their reduction.
CDCA attenuates LUAD pathogenesis progression via integrin α5β1/FAK/p53 signalling pathway
Authors: Shen Dan , Zeng Yuanyuan , Zhang Weijie , Li Yue , Zhu Jianjie , Liu Zeyi , Yan Zhaowei , Huang Jian'an 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death and includes non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC comprises approximately 80–85% of all lung cancers. Chenodeoxycolic acid (CDCA), one of the primary bile acids, has been reported to inhibit proliferation in carcinoma cells. To date, the role of CDCA in the migration, invasion and apoptosis of LUAD remains unknown. MethodsWestern blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to test the protein and mRNA expression levels in LUAD cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation ability of different kinds of cells in vitro. Transwell assay were utilized to assess the motility of tumor cells. RNA-seq was performed to identify the transcriptional profile in A549 cells after treatment with CDCA. A xenograft model was established to study the effect of CDCA on LUAD growth in vivo. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for statistical analysis, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCDCA can significantly inhibited the migration and invasion capabilities of LUAD cells. Furthermore, CDCA promoted the progression of apoptosis in LUAD cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that CDCA blocked the integrin α5β1 signalling pathway by inhibiting the expression of integrin α5 and β1 subunits and p-FAK in LUAD cells. Furthermore, we found that CDCA increased the levels of p53, a downstream gene of the integrin α5β1/FAK pathway. ConclusionOur findings indicated that CDCA attenuates LUAD pathogenesis via the integrin α5β1/FAK/p53 axis in LUAD cells.
Optical Solitons to the Ginzburg–Landau Equation Including the Parabolic Nonlinearity
Authors: Hosseini K. , Mirzazadeh Mohammad , Akinyemi L. , Baleanu D. , Salahshour S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The major goal of the present paper is to construct optical solitons of the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equation including the parabolic nonlinearity. Such an ultimate goal is formally achieved with the aid of symbolic computation, a complex transformation, and Kudryashov and exponential methods. Several numerical simulations are given to explore the influence of the coefficients of nonlinear terms on the dynamical features of the obtained optical solitons. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the results reported in the current study, classified as bright and kink solitons, are new and have been acquired for the first time.
FOXO3 regulates Smad3 and Smad7 through SPON1 circular RNA to inhibit idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Li Hailong , He Jin , Zhang Ruotong , Wei Yiying , Zhang Shanshan , Chen Xuefen , Li Xiaoping , Yu Rui , Li Xiaohe , Zhang Xianfeng , Yang Cheng , Zhou Honggang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) has good inhibition ability toward fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix, especially for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. How FOXO3 regulates pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we reported that FOXO3 had binding sequences with F-spondin 1 (SPON1) promoter, which can activate its transcription and selectively promote the expression of SPON1 circRNA (circSPON1) but not mRNA expression. We further demonstrated that circSPON1 was involved in the extracellular matrix deposition of HFL1. In the cytoplasm, circSPON1 directly interacted with TGF-β-induced Smad3 and inhibited the activation of fibroblasts by inhibiting nuclear translocation. Moreover, circSPON1 bound to miR-942-5p and miR-520f-3p that interfered with Smad7 mRNA and promoted Smad7 expression. This study revealed the mechanism of FOXO3 in the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis. Potential therapeutic targets and new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on circRNA were also provided.
Pioglitazone Protect PC12 Cells Against Oxidative Stress Injury: Involvement of Anti-apoptotic Effect and PPARγ Activation
Authors: Li Yali , Long Jun , Li Libo , Liu Lijuan , Yu Ziyao , Hou Bin , Liang Yanjing , Yu Jianbo , Niu Xiaolin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Using a PC12 cell model with Hydrogen peroxide, we investigated the neuronal apoptotic gene expression and neuronal apoptosis after oxidative stress damage. We further explored protective effect of pioglitazone and its mechanisms. Methods: Taking H2O2 treated PC12 cells as oxidative stress damaged neuron models, MTT and flow cytometry methods were performed to measure the influence of H2O2 on neuronal apoptosis and the protective effect of pioglitazone. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Real-time PCR and Western blot methods were performed to investigate the expression of PPARγ, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. Results: H2O2 can induce the apoptosis of PC12 cells in an dose- and time-dependent manner. And H2O2 (100μmol/L, 24h) can induce the expression of PPARγ mRNA and protein (p<0.01). Pioglitazone significantly up-regulated the protein expression of Bax, caspase-3(p<0.01) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2(p<0.01). Pioglitazone can dose-dependently decrease the apoptotic ratio of H2O2-damaged PC12 cells. 1.0×10-6 mol/L pioglitazone can induce PPARγ mRNA and protein expression. Pioglitazone decreased Bax, caspase-3 protein expression(p<0.01) and increased Bcl-2 protein expression(p<0.01), thus down-regulated the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2(p<0.01) and decreased the apoptotic ratio of PC12 cells(p<0.01). GW9662, the antagonist of PPARγ, and PPARγ siRNA can offset the protective effect of pioglitazone on PC12 cells to different degrees(p<0.01). Conclusions: hydrogen peroxide can induce apoptosis of PC12 cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. PPARγ activation by pioglitazone can significantly decreased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, thus plays a part in neuron protective effects on H2O2-treated PC12 cells. The antagonist and RNAi of PPARγ can offset protective effect of pioglitazone to different degree, which indicates PPARγ activation exerts protective role in decreasing the apoptosis of PC12 cells.
Effect of Variations in Microwave Processing Temperatures on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of AA7075/SiC/Graphite Hybrid Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques
Authors: Guttikonda Manohar , Pandey K M , Maity S R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the demand in present industrial, aerospace, defense sectors for lightweight high-performance aluminum (Al) particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, the advancement of techniques to fabricate these composites with superior mechanical properties have gained technological interest in the modern world. In this direction, SiC and graphite reinforced AA7075 matrix composite material has been fabricated in this study, through hybrid microwave sintering techniques. The microwave sintering temperatures for the optimized volume fraction composition of AA7075/SiC/graphite hybrid composite has been varied from 400 to 550 ℃ with a step value of 50 ℃. The obtained results showed a superior improvement in the mechanical properties for microwave sintered composites as compared to the conventionally sintered composites. Mechanical properties are found to show increasing trend with increasing microwave sintering temperatures up to 500 ℃, after that, a downfall is observed in their mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the increased average grain size of the composite at 550 ℃. Selection of SiC as primary reinforcement material helped in achieving high mechanical strengths, and through microwave sintering, an increment of 37.2% in tensile, 26.6% in compression, and 16.5% in hardness is achieved. From this investigation, it is also observed that the selection of materials that shows high response to microwaves helps in achieving the enhanced mechanical properties for the hybrid composites processed by microwave sintering techniques.
Land use cover change has non-trivial and potentially dominant impact on global gross primary productivity (2000-2100)
Authors: Hou Haiyan , Zhou Bing-Bing , Pei Fengsong , Hu Guohua , Su Zhongbo , Zeng Yijian , Zhang Han , Gao Yukun , Luo Meng , Li Xia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic land use/cover (LULC) change alters terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), which is a major atmospheric carbon sink. Identifying the impacts of future LULC changes on terrestrial GPP has been challenging due to the complexity of incorporating future LULC into ecosystem models. Here, we present eight-scenario-based projections of global spatially explicit LULC at 1km resolution over the period 2015-2100. We further conducted Fourteen experiments to quantify the contribution of LULC change to GPP dynamics relative to that of climate change under different scenarios. We find that global GPP change would be underestimated by 10.92%‒16.16% during 2000-2050 and 1.41%‒14.57% during 2050-2100 when modeled without LULC dynamics—as in most existing GPP modeling efforts. Particularly, LULC-change-dominated areas would account globally for 1.65‒2.20 the size of the Amazon rainforest. Our findings underline the necessity of incorporating future LULC dynamics into process-based models and highlight the non-trivial role of LULC in transitioning toward sustainability.
An adjuvanted subunit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine provides protection against Covid-19 infection and transmission
Authors: Tabynov Kairat , Turebekov Nurkeldi , Babayeva Meruert , Fomin Gleb , Yerubaev Toktasyn , Yespolov Tlektes , Li Lei , Renukaradhya Gourapura , Petrovsky Nikolai , Tabynov Kaissar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recombinant protein approaches offer major promise for safe and effective vaccine prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We developed a recombinant spike protein vaccine (called NARUVAX-C19) and characterized its ability when formulated with a nanoemulsion adjuvant to induce anti-spike antibody and T-cell responses and provide protection including against viral transmission in rodent. In mice, NARUVAX-C19 vaccine administered intramuscularly twice at 21-day interval elicited balanced Th1/Th2 humoral and T-cell responses with high titers of neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (D614G) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants. In Syrian hamsters, NARUVAX-C19 provided complete protection against wild-type (D614G) infection and prevented its transmission to naïve animals placed in the same cage as challenged animals. The results contrasted with only weak protection seen with a monomeric spike receptor binding domain (RBD) vaccine even when formulated with the same adjuvant. These encouraging results warrant ongoing development of this Covid-19 vaccine candidate.
The Extended Period Precursory Signals of Strong Persistent Freezing Rain and Snow Events in Southwest China
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Li Siyan , Wang Julian X.L. , Yang Yaqing , Chen Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, daily temperature and precipitation data between 1950 and 2018 from 753 stations from National Meteorological Information Center, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were used to screen freezing rain and snow events that occurred in the winters of 1951–2017 in southwest China (100°E–110°E, 22.5°N–32.5°N), in order to search for extended period warning signs of events. The combined anomalies index PCA ,established by the Mongolian Geopotential height pressure intensity, north–south position index and the southern trough intensity index, is closely related to the freezing rain and snow events in southwest China, and can be used as a link to explore the precursory signals of persistent freezing rain and snow events. The 1000-hPa height field of Iceland (60°N–80°N, 10°W–50°W), the North Atlantic (25°N–45°N; 20°W–60°W) and the Caspian Sea (30°N–50°N; 30°E–70°E) in the early mid-latitude was significantly correlated with PCA . The high disturbance signal in the upstream dispersed to the downstream 15–20 days in advance, which intensified the Mongolian high and deepened the southern trough. The combination anomaly of the Mongolian high and southern trough finally led to the strong persistent freezing rain and snow events in southwest China. The extended period forecast index of strong persistent freezing rain and snow events in southwest China was established according to the average geopotential height of key atmospheric regions 15 days ahead of the event. These findings provide a reference for the prediction of winter disaster events extension-period forecast in southern China.