bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of electron beam irradiation on quality of weever fillets during refrigerated storage
Authors: Xu Dalun , Zhang Han , Zhang Lingyue , Huang Tao , Jia Ru , Lu Jiafang , Yang Wenge 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effects of electron beam irradiation doses (1–7 kGy) on the quality of weever (Lateolabrax japonicus) were investigated during refrigerated storage. The obtained results showed that lower irradiation dose (1–3 kGy) could dramatically extend shelf‐life of weever fillets, guarantee hardness, and chewiness during storage. Biochemical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) indicated that higher irradiation dose (5 and 7 kGy) significantly accelerated MP oxidization by the increase of carbonyl contents, reducing the sulfhydryl contents and Ca2+‐ATPase activity during storage. Thus, low irradiation dose in combination with refrigerated storage could delay protein oxidation and be more suitable for fresh‐keeping of weever meat. This may provide possible reference for the application of irradiation technology in weever preservation.
Improvements of Fibrosis and Disease Activity Are Associated With Improvement of Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Fibrosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Noureddin Mazen , Kowdley Kris V. , Strasser Simone I. , Kohli Anita , Ruane Peter , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Sheikh Aasim , Gunn Nadege , Caldwell Stephen H. , Huss Ryan S. , Myers Robert P. , Wai‐Sun Wong Vincent , Alkhouri Naim , Goodman Zachary , Loomba Rohit 
Published: May 2021

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are important endpoints for clinical trials. The impact of investigational drugs on PROs of patients with advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was investigated. Patients with NASH with bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis were enrolled in a phase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of selonsertib, firsocostat, or cilofexor, alone or in two‐drug combinations (NCT03449446). PROs included Short Form 36 (SF‐36), Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ)‐NASH, EuroQol Five Dimension (EQ‐5D), Work Productivity and Impairment (WPAI), and 5‐D Itch before and during treatment. A total of 392 patients with NASH (mean ± SD, 60 ± 9 years old; 35% men; 89% white; 72% diabetes; and 56% compensated cirrhosis) were included. Baseline Physical Functioning (PF) and Bodily Pain of SF‐36 and Fatigue and Worry of CLDQ‐NASH were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis (total CLDQ‐NASH score mean ± SD, 4.91 ± 1.06 with cirrhosis vs. 5.16 ± 1.14 without cirrhosis; P < 0.05). Lower baseline PRO scores were independently associated with age, female sex, greater body mass index, diabetes, clinically overt fatigue, and comorbidities (all P < 0.05). After 48 weeks of treatment, patients with ≥1‐stage fibrosis improvement without worsening of NASH experienced improvement in EQ‐5D and five out of six CLDQ‐NASH domains (P < 0.05). Patients with ≥2‐point decrease in their nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) also had improvements in PF and Role Physical scores and all domains of CLDQ‐NASH (P < 0.05). Progression to cirrhosis was associated with a decrease in PF scores of SF‐36 (P ≤ 0.05). Fibrosis regression was independently associated with greater improvements in PF and EQ‐5D scores, while NAS improvement was associated with improvement in fatigue and pruritus (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with advanced NASH experienced improvement in their PROs after fibrosis regression or improvement in disease activity.
Development of a Hybrid Product Breakdown Structure and Variability Model
Authors: Helmeid Evan R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIn transforming from a project‐based engineering approach to a product line engineering (PLE) approach, the engineering teams must have support throughout the transition from evolving tools and methodologies. As an example, the Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) is traditionally a construction‐based decomposition of a complex system, where subsystems reflect a breakdown of the engineering elements with appropriate technical interfaces, subassemblies, and team responsibility delineations. However, when used for a product line with myriad variants, a traditional PBS format provides insufficient detail and structure. As such, using standard desktop software, the author developed a hybrid PBS‐Variability Model (VM), combining the familiar PBS structure with variability modeling aspects based on feature modeling and decision modeling approaches. This resulted in an engineering artifact recognizable as a PBS and easy to adapt to design evolution, yet sufficiently expansive to initially characterize variability. In this way, the traditional PBS evolves to the hybrid PBS‐VM before transitioning to a complete variability model, thereby supporting the engineering teams transitioning from a project‐based engineering approach to a PLE approach. In this paper, the author describes the traditional PBS limitations, the hybrid model development process with a custom‐developed syntax description, the resulting hybrid model, and conclusions on appropriate product line usage.
Product Line Engineering for Digital Product‐Services
Authors: Chalé Góngora Guillermo , Robic Pierre‐Olivier , Beuche Danilo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTDigitizing the value chain brings along new business opportunities to organizations wishing to adopt a service‐oriented approach. This trend, referred to as digital transformation, has taken over the business world in recent years. Digital technologies allow a company to move towards outcome‐based commitments, pricing, and contracts with its customers. However, these technologies can also make product portfolio management more challenging. Whereas transforming a product offering into a product‐service offering through digitization does not in itself revolutionize product line systems engineering processes and methods, it is of the utmost importance to consider this transformation concerns more than a new culture or using new technology and requires, first and foremost, an alignment with an organization's global strategy and structure.In this paper, we present a conceptual framework that helps define a high‐level strategy to implement a product‐service offer in an organization. The distinctive framework aspects include the Product‐Service Product Line or PSPL concept (a product line of product‐services), the elements to define the PSPL business model (pricing model, pricing metrics, and commitment types), a product‐services typology, and a product line engineering method extension for architecting the PSPL (notably, a specific service building block type to support a composable design approach and a feature model including service‐related, socio‐technical features).
Anti‐counterfeiting strategy unfolded: A closer look to the case of a large multinational manufacturer
Authors: Rullani Francesco , Beukel Karin , De Angelis Matteo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine in detail how one large mobile phone manufacturer develops its anti‐counterfeit strategy and seizes counterfeit products on the market. We couple qualitative data (observations from 150 counterfeit sales points worldwide, two focus groups, a survey with 151 respondents, interviews with 90 informants) with econometric analysis of 3,333 fights the focal firm undertook against more than 2,000 counterfeiters in 75 countries over 6 years (2006–2011). We focus on firm's seizure of counterfeit products when consumers' safety is at risk. As the firm is more sensitive to product safety than counterfeiters, we found that the firm generally performs larger seizures when unsafe products are involved, but this is less true in the firm's main market, likely because higher profitability offers higher incentives to counterfeiters.Managerial SummaryIn companies' fight against counterfeiters, product safety plays a pivotal role. We suggest that companies have a particularly high incentive to seize counterfeit products when the product carries potential safety risks, because the occurrence of safety issues seriously harms its reputation. This research explores the anti‐counterfeit strategy undertaken by a large manufacturer operating in the market of mobile phones and in the market of ancillary products (e.g., batteries and chargers). Results show that larger seizures occur in the ancillary rather than in the mobile phone market because while authentic companies have high incentives to seize mobile phone and accessories, as both involve safety risks, counterfeiters have a greater incentive in the main market and thus put less effort in ancillary markets.
Enhanced Diamagnetic Repulsion of Blood Cells Enables Versatile Plasma Separation for Biomarker Analysis in Blood
Authors: Kwon Seyong , Oh Jieung , Lee Min Seok , Um Eujin , Jeong Joonwoo , Kang Joo H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA hemolysis‐free and highly efficient plasma separation platform enabled by enhanced diamagnetic repulsion of blood cells in undiluted whole blood is reported. Complete removal of blood cells from blood plasma is achieved by supplementing blood with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which turns the blood plasma into a paramagnetic condition, and thus, all blood cells are repelled by magnets. The blood plasma is successfully collected from 4 mL of blood at flow rates up to 100 µL min−1 without losing plasma proteins, platelets, or exosomes with 83.3±1.64% of plasma volume recovery, which is superior over the conventional microfluidic methods. The theoretical model elucidates the diamagnetic repulsion of blood cells considering hematocrit‐dependent viscosity, which allows to determine a range of optimal flow rates to harvest platelet‐rich plasma and platelet‐free plasma. For clinical validations, it is demonstrated that the method enables the greater recovery of bacterial DNA from the infected blood than centrifugation and the immunoassay in whole blood without prior plasma separation.
Chromium (VI) promotes EMT by regulating FLNA in BLCA
Authors: Sheng Fei , Chen Ke‐Xin , Liu Jian , Li Jing‐Xian , Liang Ge‐Hong , Xu Yong , Du E , Zhang Zhi‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), which is a recognized human carcinogen, is widely used in industrial production of raw materials. Evidence verifies that environmental contaminants in the urine can induce malignant transformation in the urinary bladder tract, and our data indicate that Cr (VI) could promote the proliferation and migration and inhibit the apoptosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) cells. However, the molecular mechanism remains ambiguous. We find that Filamin A (FLNA) is overexpressed in BLCA, and Cr (VI) promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by regulating FLNA in BLCA. Thus, inhibiting the expression of FLNA may be a prospective method for limiting the BLCA progression caused by Cr (VI) exposure.
Werte beim frühen Carnap: Von den Anfängen bis zum Aufbau
Authors: Carus A. W. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie frühesten Zeugnisse zu Carnaps philosophischer Entwicklung bekunden einen klaren und bewußten Nonkognitivismus, wie vor allem an einem Vortrag aus dem Jahre 1911 gezeigt wird. Wie man weiß, bekannte sich Carnap nach etwa 1929 auch zum Nonkognitivismus, dem er 1963 als erster sogar diesen Namen gab. Zwei Dokumente werden aber manchmal als Gegenbeispiele angeführt, ein nichtveröffentlichter Aufsatz über „Deutschlands Niederlage“ aus dem Jahre 1918, und der skizzenhafte § 152 desAufbau; es fragt sich also, ob es eine Episode zwischen seinen philosophischen Anfängen und 1929 gab, in der Carnap seinen Nonkognitivismus zeitweise aufgab. Diese Frage wird anhand einer Interpretation dieser zwei Texte verneint. Es wird angedeutet, dass Carnaps Nonkognitivismus von Anfang an sich relativ geradlinig zu einem „Funktionalismus“ im weitesten Sinn entwickelte, in Richtung auf einen „globalen Funktionalismus“ wie ihn heute Huw Price vertritt.
Die Entwicklung von Carnaps Aufbau 1920–1928
Authors: Damböck Christian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer logische Aufbau der Welt wurde 1928 publiziert, zwei Jahre nachdem Carnap sich in Wien mit dem Manuskript des (danach in gekürzter und bearbeiteter Form publizierten) Buches habilitiert hatte. Entstanden ist Carnaps Buch jedoch in einer Zeit, in der dieser noch nicht in Wien tätig war. Die Niederschrift erfolgte im Jahr 1925 in Buchenbach bei Freiburg; die Vorgeschichte reicht zurück bis ins Jahr 1920. Wie viel Wien oder Wiener Kreis steckt also eigentlich im Aufbau? Wie sehr spiegelt der Aufbau umgekehrt die philosophische Situation in Carnaps frühem Umfeld in Jena und Freiburg wieder? Ist der Aufbau ein Stück österreichische oder ein Stück deutsche Philosophie oder beides? Um diese Fragen auf einer soliden empirischen Grundlage beantworten zu können, wird hier das vorhandene Material ausgewertet, das die Entstehung von Carnaps Buch dokumentiert. Dabei handelt es sich, neben (a) den publizierten Texten Carnaps aus dieser Zeit, um folgende Quellen: (b) Carnaps Tagebücher und Leselisten, (c) verschiedene Briefwechsel, (d) Manuskripte und Fragmente aus den Nachlässen von Carnap, Hans Reichenbach, Moritz Schlick, Franz Roh und anderen.
Rudolf Carnap: Philosoph der Neuen Sachlichkeit
Authors: Dahms Hans-Joachim 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungRudolf Carnap hat nur im Vorwort zum „Logischen Aufbau der Welt“ Bemerkungen zum Verhältnis seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit zur Kunst und Architektur seiner Zeit veröffentlicht. Aber sein emphatisches Bekenntnis zur Moderne der 20er-Jahre hat bisher nur selten Aufmerksamkeit in der philosophiegeschichtlichen Sekundärliteratur gefunden. In meinem Beitrag versuche ich in den ersten beiden Abschnitten, seinen kulturellen Hintergrund seit seiner Schul- und Studentenzeit zu skizzieren und dann seine persönlichen Kontakte und Austauschbeziehungen mit Vorkämpfern der Moderne wie Franz Roh und Siegfried Giedion zu beschreiben. Nach diesen Vorbereitungen wird die Frage gestellt, ob und in wieweit Carnaps Philosophie selbst als ein Teil der Bewegung der Neuen Sachlichkeit verstanden werden kann oder sogar muss. Zur Beantwortung werden eine Reihe von Charakteristika dieses Zeitgeist-Phänomens aus den – gleichzeitig mit Carnaps „Aufbau“ erschienenen Werken der Genannten – herauspräpariert und dann untersucht, ob diese Kriterien sich auch im Werk Carnaps finden. Das Ergebnis ist, dass man ihn mit Fug und Recht als „Philosoph der Neuen Sachlichkeit“ bezeichnen kann.
Was bedeutet Carnaps „Reinigung“ der Erkenntnistheorie?
Authors: Uebel Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIn einem Vortrag am Ende seiner in diesem Band untersuchten Schaffensperiode beschrieb Carnap die bisherige Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Philosophie und skizzierte den nächsten Schritt. Gegenstand des gegenwärtigen Aufsatzes ist die Darstellung dieser weiteren Entwicklung. Besprochen werden die Probleme, die die vormalige Erkenntnistheorie bei der “Reinigung” von metaphysischen Schlacken und unangemessenen Psychologismen zu überwinden hatte, und Carnaps Lösung, die rein logische Untersuchungen mit empirischer Wissenschaftstheorie arbeitsteilig verband und somit unterschiedlichen Ansprüchen zu genügen suchte.
Realism and Anti-Realism in Young Carnap
Authors: Friedl Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rejection of metaphysical questions is a constant in Carnap’s thought. The first part of the paper delves into the question of the basic tenets of Carnap’s anti-metaphysics. Tying up to the accounts of authors like Michael Friedman and Werner Sauer, the author examines the relation between verificationism and so-called logical criteria, arguing not only that verificationism is secondary, but that the integration of both instruments in Carnap’s early philosophy faces difficulties. The second part focuses on the application of these instruments to the realism/idealism dispute. The author tries to show that Carnap’s position in the Aufbau is neither neutral in regard to traditional aspects of this dispute nor stable in itself, but (in different respects) involves concessions to both realism and idealism. In historical perspective, it is shown that almost all of the issues of the famous protocol-sentence debate are already present in unfolding young Carnap’s treatment of the problem of realism.
The 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 6 bootstrap: from higher spins to strings to membranes
Authors: Binder Damon J. , Chester Shai M. , Jerdee Max , Pufu Silviu S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the space of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 SCFTs by combining numerical bootstrap techniques with exact results derived using supersymmetric localization. First we derive the superconformal block decomposition of the four-point function of the stress tensor multiplet superconformal primary. We then use supersymmetric localization results for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 U(N)k × U(N + M)−k Chern-Simons-matter theories to determine two protected OPE coefficients for many values of N, M, k. These two exact inputs are combined with the numerical bootstrap to compute precise rigorous islands for a wide range of N, k at M = 0, so that we can non-perturbatively interpolate between SCFTs with M-theory duals at small k and string theory duals at large k. We also present evidence that the localization results for the U(1)2M × U (1 + M)−2M theory, which has a vector-like large-M limit dual to higher spin theory, saturates the bootstrap bounds for certain protected CFT data. The extremal functional allows us to then conjecturally reconstruct low-lying CFT data for this theory.
Rates of Bile Acid Diarrhoea After Cholecystectomy: A Multicentre Audit
Authors: Farrugia Alexia , Attard Joseph Anthony , Hanmer Stuart , Bullock Stuart , McKay Siobhan , Al‐Azzawi Marwa , Ali Roshneen , Bond‐Smith Giles , Colleypriest Ben , Dyer Sarah , Masterman Benjamin , Okocha Michael , Osborne Alan , Patel Rikhilroy , Sallam Mahmoud , Selveraj Emmanuel , Shalaby Samar , Sun Wenrui , Todd Fraser , Ward Joel , Windle Rebecca , Khan Saboor , Williams Nigel , Arasaradnam Ramesh P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionBile acid diarrhoea (BAD) can occur due to disruption to the enterohepatic circulation, e.g. following cholecystectomy. Post‐cholecystectomy diarrhoea has been reported in 2.1–57.2% of patients; however, this is not necessarily due to BAD. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of bile acid diarrhoea diagnosis after cholecystectomy and to consider investigation practices.MethodsA retrospective analysis of electronic databases from five large centres detailing patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2013 and 2017 was cross‐referenced with a list of patients who underwent 75SeHCAT testing. A 7‐day retention time of <15% was deemed to be positive. Patient demographics and time from surgery to investigation were collected and compared for significance (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 9439 patients underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 in the five centres. In total, 202 patients (2.1%) underwent investigation for diarrhoea via 75SeHCAT, of which 64 patients (31.6%) had a 75SeHCAT test result of >15%, while 62.8% of those investigated were diagnosed with bile acid diarrhoea (BAD). In total, 133 (65.8%) patients also underwent endoscopy and 74 (36.6%) patients had a CT scan. Median time from surgery to 75SeHCAT test was 672 days (SD ± 482 days).Discussion/ConclusionOnly a small proportion of patients, post‐cholecystectomy, were investigated for diarrhoea with significant time delay to diagnosis. The true prevalence of BAD after cholecystectomy may be much higher, and clinicians need to have an increased awareness of this condition due to its amenability to treatment. 75SeHCAT is a useful tool for diagnosis of bile acid diarrhoea.
Interspecies information systems
Authors: van der Linden Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a new class of socio-technical systems, interspecies information systems (IIS) by describing several examples of these systems emerging through the use of commercially available data-driven animal-centered technology. When animal-centered technology, such as pet wearables, cow health monitoring, or even wildlife drones captures animal data and inform humans of actions to take towards animals, interspecies information systems emerge. I discuss the importance of understanding them as information systems rather than isolated technology or technology-mediated interactions, and propose a conceptual model capturing the key components and information flow of a general interspecies information system. I conclude by proposing multiple practical challenges that are faced in the successful design, engineering and use of any IIS where animal data informs human actions.
Dietary magnesium requirement on dietary minerals and physiological function of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii♀ × Acipenser baerii♂)
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Fan Ze , Wu Di , Li Jinnan , Xu Qiyou , Liu Hongbai , Wang Liansheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSturgeons are an economically important freshwater aquacultural fish in China and elsewhere. Research was conducted to study the magnesium requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii♀ × Acipenser baerii♂) based on mineral composition, proximate chemical analysis, antioxidant enzyme levels, and growth metrics. Different levels of magnesium supplements (43.2, 157.3, 326.5, 549.6, 743.9, 938.4, and 1118.2 mg kg−1) were fed to juvenile sturgeon for 8 weeks. Five hundred twenty-five juvenile hybrid sturgeons (an average initial body weight of 7.65 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates each (25 fish per replicate, tanks of 100×50×50 cm, dissolved oxygen ≥ 5.0 mg L−1, 12 light:12 dark) and fed 4 times per day with the experimental diets containing 40.78% crude protein and 10.03% crude fat. The body tissues and blood of fish were then sampled and analyzed. Growth performance was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). The optimal dietary magnesium requirement for hybrid sturgeon was estimated to be 355.16, 573.6, or 584.6 mg kg−1 dietary magnesium based on whole-body Mg retention, the whole-body or vertebrae magnesium content versus dietary magnesium levels. The whole-body calcium to phosphorus ratio of the 43.2 and 326.5 mg kg−1 groups was significantly higher than that of the 938.4 mg kg−1 group (P< 0.05). A dietary magnesium concentration of 350–700 mg kg−1 improved the antioxidant capacity by decreasing the serum malondialdehyde and enhancing serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities.
Further steps on the reconstruction of convex polyominoes from orthogonal projections
Authors: Dulio Paolo , Frosini Andrea , Rinaldi Simone , Tarsissi Lama , Vuillon Laurent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA remarkable family of discrete sets which has recently attracted the attention of the discrete geometry community is the family of convex polyominoes, that are the discrete counterpart of Euclidean convex sets, and combine the constraints of convexity and connectedness. In this paper we study the problem of their reconstruction from orthogonal projections, relying on the approach defined by Barcucci et al. (Theor Comput Sci 155(2):321–347, 1996). In particular, during the reconstruction process it may be necessary to expand a convex subset of the interior part of the polyomino, say the polyomino kernel, by adding points at specific positions of its contour, without losing its convexity. To reach this goal we consider convexity in terms of certain combinatorial properties of the boundary word encoding the polyomino. So, we first show some conditions that allow us to extend the kernel maintaining the convexity. Then, we provide examples where the addition of one or two points causes a loss of convexity, which can be restored by adding other points, whose number and positions cannot be determined a priori.