bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Times of debt: heterochrony and bank loans in rural Mongolia
Authors: Bristley Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship in economic anthropology examines how the intersection of multiple forms of temporality shapes the time of debt relations. This article builds on and refines these approaches by analysing debt as a social relation that ‘folds’ the time of other relations within itself. It does so through deploying the concept of the ‘fold’ drawn from continental philosophy and anthropological literature on personhood. This approach provides a novel way of illuminating and reflecting upon a temporal tension at the heart of debt relations, in which the timely performance of debtor‐creditor relations is contingent on the harnessing of temporalities formally outside their scope. This argument is made in relation to an ethnographic study ofmalchny zeel(the ‘herder's loan’) issued by commercial banks in a pastoral region of Mongolia.
Effect of extrusion technology on hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake: Polyphenol profile and biological activities
Authors: Leonard William , Zhang Pangzhen , Ying Danyang , Xiong Yun , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffects of extrusion with varying barrel temperature, moisture content, and screw speed on hempseed oil cake were studied for the first time. Extrusion at lower moisture (30%) and higher screw speed (300 rpm) significantly increased the proportion of free polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenylpropionamide content, and ‐glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Full factorial design confirmed the three‐way interactions among all extrusion parameters for all chemical assays with the bound phenolic fraction, total flavonoid content, and DPPH inhibition activity of the free phenolic fraction. HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 26 phenylpropionamides, and the contents of N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (66.26 µg/g) and total phenylpropionamides (85.77 µg/g) were significantly increased after extrusion at the lower moisture and higher screw speed extrusion conditions. The higher ‐glucosidase inhibition activity at higher screw speed could be due to the N‐trans‐caffeoyltyramine (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), while the AChE inhibition activity appeared to be influenced more by the cannabisins A‐C, M (r > 0.8, p < 0.01).Practical ApplicationHempseed oil cake is a byproduct of oil extraction, with high protein and high fiber contents. The results of this research could be used directly in food industry to improve the nutritional and commercial value of hempseed oil cake by extrusion technology.
A review of current imaging techniques used for the detection of occult bony fractures in young children suspected of sustaining non‐accidental injury
Authors: Lawson Michael , Tully Joanna , Ditchfield Michael , Metcalfe Peter , Qi Yujin , Kuganesan Ahilan , Badawy Mohamed K 
Published: June 2021

SummaryNon‐accidental injuries remain a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in young children. The accurate identification of the full spectrum of injuries in children presenting with suspected abuse is essential to ensure the appropriate protective intervention is taken. The identification of occult bone fractures in this cohort is important as it raises the level of concern about the mechanism of injury and maintaining the child's safety. Radiographic imaging remains the modality of choice for skeletal assessment; however, current studies report concerns regarding the ability of radiographs to detect certain fractures in the acute stage. As such, alternative modalities for the detection of fractures have been proposed. This article reviews the current literature regarding fracture detectability and radiation dose burden of imaging modalities currently used for the assessment of occult bony injury in young children in whom non‐accidental injury is suspected.
Evaluating the role of reference‐genome phylogenetic distance on evolutionary inference
Authors: Prasad Aparna , Lorenzen Eline D. , Westbury Michael V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen a high‐quality genome assembly of a target species is unavailable, an option to avoid the costly de novo assembly process is a mapping‐based assembly. However, mapping shotgun data to a distant relative may lead to biased or erroneous evolutionary inference. Here, we used short‐read data from a mammal (beluga whale) and a bird species (rowi kiwi) to evaluate whether reference genome phylogenetic distance can impact downstream demographic (Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent) and genetic diversity (heterozygosity, runs of homozygosity) analyses. We mapped to assemblies of species of varying phylogenetic distance (from conspecific to genome‐wide divergence of >7%), and de novo assemblies created using cross‐species scaffolding. We show that while reference genome phylogenetic distance has an impact on demographic analyses, it is not pronounced until using a reference genome with >3% divergence from the target species. When mapping to cross‐species scaffolded assemblies, we are unable to replicate the original beluga demographic results, but are able with the rowi kiwi, presumably reflecting the more fragmented nature of the beluga assemblies. We find that increased phylogenetic distance has a pronounced impact on genetic diversity estimates; heterozygosity estimates deviate incrementally with increasing phylogenetic distance. Moreover, runs of homozygosity are largely undetectable when mapping to any nonconspecific assembly. However, these biases can be reduced when mapping to a cross‐species scaffolded assembly. Taken together, our results show that caution should be exercised when selecting reference genomes. Cross‐species scaffolding may offer a way to avoid a costly, traditional de novo assembly, while still producing robust, evolutionary inference.
Connectome‐based prediction of craving for gaming in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zhou Wei‐ran , Wang Yi‐ming , Wang Min , Wang Zi‐liang , Zheng Hui , Wang Meng‐jing , Potenza Marc N. , Dong Guang‐Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCraving‐related brain responses have been associated with the emergence and maintenance of addictions. However, little is known about brain network organizations underlying cravings in internet gaming disorder (IGD).MethodsSixty‐six IGD subjects and 61 matched individuals with recreational game use (RGU) were scanned while performing a cue‐craving task. A recently developed whole‐brain analysis approach, connectome‐based predictive modelling (CPM) with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was conducted to identify networks that predicted craving responses in IGD. Then, the craving network was tested in different brain states (cue‐craving under deprivation) to investigate replicability.ResultsCPM identified an IGD craving network, as indicated by a significant correspondence between predicted and actual craving values (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), characterized by within‐network default mode (DMN) connectivity and connectivity between canonical networks implicated in executive/cognitive control (frontoparietal, medial frontal, DMN) and reward responsiveness (subcortical, motor/sensory). Network strength in the cue‐craving task during gaming deprivation also predicted IGD craving scores (r = 0.43, p = 0.017), indicating network replication across brain states.ConclusionsThe CPM results demonstrate that individual differences in cognitive, attention, and control network function can predict craving intensities in IGD subjects. These networks may be targets for potential interventions using brain modulation.
Demographic, clinical and dermoscopic features of melanocytic nevi on the scalp
Authors: Erfan Gamze , Demircioglu Deniz , Erdemoglu Yeliz , Ozturk Durmaz Emel , Sezer Engin , Sahin Sedef 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe scalp is a special anatomical area and dermoscopic findings of this region may significantly differ from other body parts.ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the clinical and dermoscopic patterns of scalp melanocytic nevi in patients ≤15 years of age and above, and to analyse their relevance to demographic features, atypical mole syndrome (AMS) and total body nevus count (TBNC).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data and dermoscopic images of patients with scalp melanocytic nevi were retrieved, reviewed and analysed. Demographic, clinical and dermoscopic features were compared in patients ≤15 years of age and above.ResultsA total of 196 scalp melanocytic nevi in 126 patients (female/male:64/62; ≤15/>15 years of age: 49/77) with a median age of 18.5 years (range 0‐72) were evaluated. Statistically, the globular pattern was significantly higher in all age groups, and the papillomatous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). The eclipse pattern was significantly higher, and the homogenous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age with AMS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively). Finally, patients ≤15 years of age with 50 to 100 TBNC had a higher eclipse pattern than those with 0 to 25 TBNC.ConclusionThe findings of this retrospective study might implicate that children with eclipse pattern of scalp melanocytic nevi might be ‘moley’ in the future with an impending risk of AMS. This hypothesis requires confirmation in future prospective studies on a larger cohort of patients.
Voluntary Disclosure and Rating Disagreement among Credit Rating Agencies: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Yujin , An Jungin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine the effect of voluntary disclosure on rating disagreement among credit rating agencies (CRAs). Previous empirical findings suggest that precise financial reporting decreases information risk and affects split ratings. However, no prior research has investigated the relationship between voluntary disclosure and split ratings, even though such disclosure can reduce information asymmetry. We find a negative relationship between voluntary disclosure and split ratings by CRAs. This study reveals voluntary disclosure that includes the manager's intentions (i.e., discretionary judgment) is a determinant of split ratings. In doing so the study contributes to the literature on the role of voluntary disclosure on CRAs.
Iran’s soft power in Pakistan
Authors: Akbarzadeh Shahram , Ahmed Zahid Shahab , Ibrahimi Niamatullah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStates use elements of their culture to promote their influence in countries of strategic importance to them. Despite a growing body of literature on soft power, there is a shortage of literature on Iran’s influence in its neighbourhood. How is Iran viewed in Pakistan? This article is based on in‐depth interviews and an online survey with informed participants in Pakistan. Our findings demonstrate that while many participants view Tehran’s policies negatively, the majority see Iran in a favourable light. This article found that Iran’s multi‐pronged strategy connects with pre‐existing trends and pressure points in Pakistan at different levels. As a majority‐Shi’a country, Iran has become a point of reference for the Shi’a community in Pakistan. Its anti‐American rhetoric corresponds with an anti‐US current in Pakistan, and Tehran’s invocation of Persian culture and poetry resonates with a nostalgic view of Persian culture amongst Pakistan’s educated elite.
Contraction and exhumation of the western Central Andes induced by basin inversion: New evidence from “Pampean” subduction segment
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Peña Matías , Parra Mauricio , López Cristopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we conducted an integrated analysis supported by previous regional and mesoscopic field observations, new U–Pb chronological data of synorogenic deposits and thermochronological data from syncontractional granitic rocks. The objective is understanding the main mechanism and timing of crustal uplift of the western Central Andes on the modern flat‐slab segment of northern Chile. The first‐order structural styles identified in several basins of northern Chile consisted mostly of large reverse‐reactivated Mesozoic normal faults, which formed large kilometer‐scale inverted anticlines and localized doubly verging basement reverse faults depending on the degree of tectonic inversion. The observations indicate that crustal shortening experienced in the region was distributed along with the pre‐orogenic half‐graben structures of the Triassic to Jurassic basement. The wide distribution of Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene synorogenic deposits over the syn‐rift Mesozoic deposits along inverted structures in both the Coastal and Frontal cordilleras indicate that the Andean orogenesis in the region was initiated during this period. Our field and geochronological interpretations suggest that basin inversion of the ancient Mesozoic half‐graben structures was frequently accompanied by the emplacement of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene intrusive granitic bodies hosted in the core of the anticline and syncline folds. Their crystallization ages correlated with those reported by the synorogenic deposits, thereby suggesting that both basin inversion and magmatism occurred simultaneously. The thermal history of the intrusives also indicates that they were rapidly exhumed at 53‒57 Ma, possibly during the final episodes of the basin inversion.
Factors associated with self‐perceived oral health in different age groups
Authors: Fagundes Maria Laura Braccini , do Amaral Júnior Orlando Luiz , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , do Nascimento Tôrres Luísa Helena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with self‐perceived oral health (SPOH) in different age groups.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used probabilistic samples of adolescents, adults and older adults from São Paulo State, Brazil. SPOH was assessed using a global self‐rating item. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were used to determine the estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor SPOH and demographic and socio‐economic variables, social capital, dental attendance and clinical measures. The analyses for each age group were performed separately.ResultsData from 5314 adolescents, 5815 adults and 5556 older adults were analysed. Female adolescents and adults, non‐White adults and older adults with a higher educational level had worse SPOH. Adolescents, adults and older adults with lower social capital showed higher rates of poor SPOH (PR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.27‐1.97, PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10‐1.31 and PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.49, respectively). Those whose reason for last dental attendance was treatment had worse SPOH, regardless of age group. Adolescents, adults and older adults with greater number of decayed teeth had worse SPOH (PR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.37‐1.77, PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.22‐1.38, and PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.17‐1.42, respectively). Adolescents and adults with more missing teeth presented higher rates of poor SPOH (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.44 and PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.16, respectively). Older adults needing a dental prosthesis had worse SPOH (PR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.88‐2.41).ConclusionThere are differences in the factors associated with SPOH between age groups, and these differences reflect social inequalities in health.
Clinical impact of radioactive iodine dose selection based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kwon Seong Young , Kim Myoung Hyoun , Kong Eunjung , Chong Ari , Yoo Su Woong , Jeon Subin , Park Soon‐Ah , Kim Dae‐Weung , Kang Su Hwan , Choi Jung Eun , Ha Jung‐Min , Jeong Shin Young , Lee Sang‐Woo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) could be used as a basis in the radioactive iodine (RAI) dose selection for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).PatientsA total of 595 patients with PTC who received first RAI therapy after total or near‐total thyroidectomy and had no evidence of disease in treatment response assessment were retrospectively enroled from five hospitals. The patients were classified into two subgroups based on the number of metastatic LNs (>5). The multivariate Cox‐proportional hazard model was performed to identify the significant factors for recurrence prediction in each group as well as all enroled patients.ResultsOverall, 22 (3.7%) out of 595 patients had the recurrent disease during the follow‐up period. The number of metastatic LNs (>5) was only a significant factor for recurrence prediction in all enroled patients (odds ratio: 7.834, p < .001). In the subgroup with ≤5 metastatic LNs, the presence of extrathyroidal extension was only associated with recurrence (odds ratio: 7.333, p = .024) in multivariate analysis. RAI dose was significantly associated with recurrence rate in which the patients with high‐dose RAI (3.7 GBq or higher) had less incidence of recurrence than those with low‐dose RAI (1.11 GBq) in the subgroup with more than five metastatic LNs (odds ratio: 6.533, p = .026).ConclusionsHigh‐dose RAI (≥3.7 GBq) therapy significantly lowered the recurrence rate in patients with more than five metastatic LNs. Therefore, RAI dose should be determined based on the number of metastatic LNs as well as conventional risk factors.
A patient with probable neuro‐Behçet's disease presenting a unique linear pontine trigeminal root lesion and a linear subcortical white matter lesion
Authors: Suzuki Akane , Miyazawa Kouichi , Fujimori Juichi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuro‐Behçet's disease (NBD) is typically characterized by inflammatory lesions with vasculitis in the brainstem and basal ganglia. Subcortical white matter lesions and linear lesions along the intramedullary trigeminal nerve are rare, and these lesions make NBD difficult to differentiate from other demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.Case presentationA 48‐year‐old woman with an 11‐year history of intestinal Behçet's disease was referred to Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Japan owing to numbness on the left side of her face and oral cavity for 12 days. Neurological examination revealed left facial hypoesthesia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a linearly shaped T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense magnetic resonance imaging lesion in the left pons, which corresponded neuroanatomically with the intramedullary trigeminal root. Based on the presumptive diagnosis of NBD, a course of high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone was administered on the 14th hospital day. Thereafter, the patient's neurological symptoms improved. However, on the 18th hospital day, the patient developed a linear subcortical white matter lesion with vasogenic edema in the right hemisphere that resolved after the re‐administration of high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone.ConclusionThe case of a patient with NBD presenting with atypical brain lesions is reported. The NBD in this case might have a pathogenetic mechanism that is different from that of typical NBD.
EPHA7 haploinsufficiency is associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Lévy Jonathan , Schell Bérénice , Nasser Hala , Rachid Myriam , Ruaud Lyse , Couque Nathalie , Callier Patrick , Faivre Laurence , Marle Nathalie , Engwerda Aafke , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny M. A. , Plutino Morgane , Karmous‐Benailly Houda , Benech Caroline , Redon Sylvia , Boute Odile , Boudry Labis Elise , Rama Mélanie , Kuentz Paul , Assoumani Jessica , Maldergem Lionel Van , Dupont Céline , Verloes Alain , Tabet Anne‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEphrin receptor and their ligands, the ephrins, are widely expressed in the developing brain. They are implicated in several developmental processes that are crucial for brain development. Deletions in genes encoding for members of the Eph/ephrin receptor family were reported in several neurodevelopmental disorders. The ephrin receptor A7 gene (EPHA7) encodes a member of ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein‐tyrosine kinase family. EPHA7 plays a role in corticogenesis processes, determines brain size and shape, and is involved in development of the central nervous system. One patient only was reported so far with a de novo deletion encompassing EPHA7 in 6q16.1. We report 12 additional patients from nine unrelated pedigrees with similar deletions. The deletions were inherited in nine out of 12 patients, suggesting variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. Four patients had tiny deletions involving only EPHA7, suggesting a critical role of EPHA7 in a neurodevelopmental disability phenotype. We provide further evidence for EPHA7 deletion as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorder and delineate its clinical phenotype.
A Visual Designer of Layer‐wise Relevance Propagation Models
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Jamonnak Suphanut , Zhao Ye , Wu Tsung Heng , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLayer‐wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) is an emerging and widely‐used method for interpreting the prediction results of convolutional neural networks (CNN). LRP developers often select and employ different relevance backpropagation rules and parameters, to compute relevance scores on input images. However, there exists no obvious solution to define a “best” LRP model. A satisfied model is highly reliant on pertinent images and designers' goals. We develop a visual model designer, named as VisLRPDesigner, to overcome the challenges in the design and use of LRP models. Various LRP rules are unified into an integrated framework with an intuitive workflow of parameter setup. VisLRPDesigner thus allows users to interactively configure and compare LRP models. It also facilitates relevance‐based visual analysis with two important functions: relevance‐based pixel flipping and neuron ablation. Several use cases illustrate the benefits of VisLRPDesigner. The usability and limitation of the visual designer is evaluated by LRP users.
Pathophysiology of severe primary graft dysfunction in orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Lim Hoong Sern , Ranasinghe Aaron , Quinn David , Chue Colin D. , Mascaro Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA series of insults on the donor heart result in pathophysiological changes that manifest as primary graft dysfunction (PGD) post‐orthotopic heart transplantation. The objectives of this study were: (i) describe the pathophysiology of severe PGD using an established cardiovascular model; and (ii) the evolution of the pathophysiology during recovery from severe PGD.MethodsHemodynamic data from 20 consecutive patients with severe PGD (need for mechanical circulatory support, MCS) at baseline (T0), 6 h (T6) and “recovery” (explant of support), and 20 consecutive patients without severe PGD were used to model the pathophysiology using the cardiovascular model described by Burkhoff and Dickstein.ResultsThere was a progressive (from T0 to T6) up‐ and leftward shift in the diastolic pressure‐volume relationship, especially of the right ventricle (RV), resulting in reduced capacitance. RV end‐systolic elastance (Ees) was significantly elevated in severe PGD but preload‐recruitable stroke work (PRSW) was significantly lower compared to patients without severe PGD. “Recovery” (after liberation from MCS) was associated with improvement in RV Ees, chamber capacitance and PRSW, although they remained significantly lower than patients without severe PGD.ConclusionSevere PGD of the dominant right heart failure phenotype is characterized by reduced chamber capacitance, increased “stiffness” and impaired contractility. Complete normalization was not required for successful weaning of MCS.