bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Knowledge of Belief Requires Understanding of Propositions
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractI show that from common views about propositions as sets of possible worlds and knowledge requiring a sufficiently strong safety condition one can derive a condition stating that self-knowledge of belief is only possible if the content of that belief is fully understood. I show this by a reductio. If a subject S lacks full understanding of a proposition p, then S’s belief about believing that p cannot amount to knowledge. Even though my argument is based on particular views about propositions and knowledge, I argue that the same kind of argument is also available for other knowledge conditions that rule out relevant luck and other accounts of propositions. However, for many of these other accounts of knowledge the requirement for understanding p will not be full understanding, but only sufficiently high understanding. These results tell us how self-knowledge, ruling out luck and understanding belief contents relate.
Application of Learning Analytics for the Study of the Virtual Campus Activity in an Undergraduate Fluid Mechanics’ Course in Bachelors of Engineering
Authors: Oro J. M. Fernández , Regodeseves P. García , Bertolín L. Santamaría , Pérez J. González , Barrio-Perotti R. , Blanco A. Pandal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLearning Analytics tools are employed to assess student engagement with the Virtual Campus in an undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course at university level in Spain. This is aimed at obtaining a diagnosis of the course problematics which include low attendance rates, poor performance on activity tests and exams and a high number of re-enrolments. A total amount of 67,902 records from the online platform are analyzed to understand activity trends and information distribution. Specific indicators like percentage gap are defined and correlated with evaluation data for deeper insights. Different profiles of students are identified as a function of the interaction level with the platform. Significant correlation has been found between the level of interaction and the academic results of the students. While proactive profiles exhibit remarkable performance rates, no low-activity profiles were capable of passing the course. The continuous evaluation was found neither correlated with the interaction nor with the final exam marks, so its redefinition is suggested as future work. It is also shown that the higher the average number of student enrolments, the lower the participation and performance in the course. No bias was observed with respect to the gender variable. Moreover, the daily analysis of the records has discovered overall trends about the students’ habits. Learning Analytics is demonstrated as a useful tool for the specified purpose. It is also proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of further actions for the improvement of the course in future academic years.
The Narrative Coherence of Autistic Children’s Accounts of an Experienced Event in Response to Different Interviewer Prompts: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Almeida Telma Sousa , Yang Fuming , Zhang Heying , Lamb Michael E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study explored the narrative coherence of the accounts of an experienced event produced by autistic and neurotypical children (ages 6–15 years) after delays of two weeks and two months.

Methods
The sample comprised 27 autistic children and 32 neurotypical peers, who were interviewed about the event using the Revised National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol. The study focused on assessing the narrative coherence of children’s reports, emphasizing key story grammar elements and temporal features in their narratives.

Results
Results revealed that, over time, both autistic and neurotypical children showed a decrease in narrative coherence. Autistic children, particularly those who were cognitively and verbally able, demonstrated the ability to convey their experiences coherently, with performances comparable to those of their neurotypical peers. Interviewer prompts differentially influenced the narrative coherence of autistic and non-autistic children’s accounts.

Conclusion
This research showed that, when questioned appropriately, cognitively and verbally able autistic children can effectively communicate their personal experiences, even after significant delays.
Content Specialists’ Anti-Plagiarism Pedagogical Interventions: A Thematic Review
Authors: Li Yongyan , Chen Hui , Liu Xiaoling , Wang Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a thematic review of the anti-plagiarism instruction of content specialists as reported in a range of articles published in the decade of 2014–2023. A total of 28 articles were identified through systematic searching and a ChatGPT-assisted selection process based on a set of inclusion criteria. Specifically, we aimed to include those articles that contain sufficient details of the instructional procedure as well as an evidence-based report of the effectiveness of the pedagogical intervention. A coding scheme of two dimensions (“Rationales for the pedagogical interventions” and “Characteristics of the pedagogical interventions”) provided a framework for our analysis of the focal literature. By focusing on content teachers’, as opposed to language teachers’, pedagogical practices in addressing the issue of plagiarism in varied geographical and institutional contexts, this review study provides insights for both content and language specialists to draw upon and will serve to raise awareness for the value of collaboration between content and language teachers in handling academic literacy issues such as plagiarism.
Early career teachers’ beliefs and management of work intensification in Norway and Spain
Authors: Antonsen Yngve , Portela Pruaño Antonio , Stenseth Anna-Maria , Skytterstad Remi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article provides a comparative analysis of primary and secondary early career teachers (ECTs) in Norwegian and Spanish schools. We compared ECTs’ beliefs on what work intensification involves and the ways they address it at their workplaces across these two different national contexts. The theory of practice architectures is used as an analytical lens to thematically examine data from two qualitative studies that involved semi-structured interviews with 26 Norwegian and 23 Spanish ECTs, plus four Spanish focus groups. The participating ECTs from both countries described tensions linked to the responsibility in work and tensions linked to relational work. The lack of resources in schools had a negative influence on the teachers’ work, especially to plan and perform student-active teaching and inclusive education. The ECTs faced tensions in sustaining positive relations for all their students and parents but reached out to their colleagues for support. This article discusses how ECTs in both countries manage work intensification in their practice by using strategies of ‘being less responsible’, ‘lowered work standards’, and detachment. The theory of practice architectures helped to widen our understanding of work intensification and how teachers could manage it.
Protectionism in Disguise? EU Anti-Dumping Measures Targeting PRC Iron and Steel Products
Authors: Hornung Lukas J. , Stöckmann Nico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As dumping can harm industries by distorting competition, the World Trade Organization holds the option for its members to take anti-dumping measures. The European Union (EU) responds collectively to such threats and adjusts the supposedly dumped goods’ prices through tariffs back to their apparent “fair” value. Some critics argue though that the EU’s anti-dumping measures reduce economic efficiency and are actually protectionism in disguise. Our analysis of EU anti-dumping measures on Chinese iron and steel products points out that the “fair” value is indeed fair. Using the augmented synthetic control method, we show that the total EU import volume in the sanctioned product class remains constant, the import volume from China after introducing the tariff is significantly reduced, and the increase in total world import price is insignificant. Results thus suggest that supply from China is substituted through imports of countries outside the single market and that claims of protectionism are largely unfounded
Day-to-day variation in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of northern and southern silver birch in a common garden
Authors: Akinyemi Olusegun Olaitan , Čepl Jaroslav , Keski-Saari Sarita , Stejskal Jan , Tomášková Ivana , Keinänen Markku , Kontunen-Soppela Sari 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe used fast chlorophyll fluorescence transients (OJIP) to study provenance-related differences in photosynthetic performance and the magnitude of day-to-day chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) variation in northern (67° N) and southern (62° N) silver birches in a common garden at 62° N. ChlF transients were measured five times during two weeks in the middle of summer to avoid seasonal variation. Differences in growth and leaf morphological traits between the provenances were also examined. The northern trees had higher chlorophyll content, larger leaf areas, and higher leaf fresh and dry mass than the southern trees, but the leaf mass per area did not differ between the provenances. The southern trees were taller and showed higher annual shoot growth than the northern trees. For all the ChlF parameters, day-to-day variation was significant and followed the same pattern for both provenances with no significant provenance × day interaction, suggesting a similar response to environmental variation. The northern provenance had higher values in parameters related to the reduction of end electron acceptors at the Photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side as probed by ChlF. This and higher values for performance indices PIabs and PItot in northern than in southern trees suggest higher photosynthetic performance of northern trees in line with the latitudinal compensation strategy. Provenance differences in these parameters increased towards the end of the measurement period, suggesting preparation for earlier growth cessation in northern trees triggered by the shortening day length. The study shows that provenance differences in ChlF can be relatively stable regardless of environmental variation but might be influenced by physiological alterations in preparation for future changes in environmental conditions.
Identification and Evaluation of Natural Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 Zika Virus Protease: A Computational Approach
Authors: Anede Nada , Ouassaf Mebarka , Rengasamy Kannan R. R. , Khan Shafi Ullah , Alhatlani Bader Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus within the Flavivirus genus, is associated with severe neurological complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome in affected individuals and microcephaly in infants born to infected mothers. With no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments available, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic options. This study aimed to identify new natural compounds with inhibitory potential against the NS2B-NS3 protease (PDB ID: 5LC0), an essential enzyme in viral replication. An e-pharmacophore model was generated using a five-point (ADDRR) feature approach in the PHASE module of Schrodinger and used for the virtual screening of 26,689 natural compounds from the PubChem database. The screening yielded 14,277 prioritized compounds based on fitness scores, further refined through extra precision (XP) docking in GLIDE, resulting in 24 compounds. Eight top hits were selected following ADME analysis with SwissADME, and toxicity screening with ProTox-II identified four non-toxic lead candidates. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the three most promising leads, CID 44418637, CID 163078083, and CID 68734190, with binding affinities of − 7.721, − 8.226, and − 8.307 kcal/mol, respectively. MM/GBSA analysis revealed that Compounds 68734190 (− 50.192 kcal/mol) and 163078083 (− 49.947 kcal/mol) possess superior binding affinities to the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease compared to the reference compound (− 38.347 kcal/mol). Given their natural origin, these compounds may offer safer options to mitigate severe ZIKV-related symptoms while providing a favourable safety and pharmacokinetic profile. This study lays the groundwork for developing targeted ZIKV therapies, potentially addressing a significant unmet need in public health by reducing the incidence of ZIKV-related complications. Further experimental validation is required to confirm efficacy and address potential development challenges.

Graphical abstract
Social Support, Self-Concept and Resilience as Protectors Against School Maladjustment During Adolescence
Authors: Azpiazu Lorea , Ramos-Díaz Estibaliz , Axpe Inge , Revuelta Lorena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSchool maladjustment results in greater emotional and academic distress and reduces subjective well-being among adolescents. It is therefore important to identify the variables that contribute to school adjustment problems in order to enable interventions designed to improve or mitigate them during this developmental period. The aim of the present study is to use structural equation modeling to examine the potential impact of social support, self-concept and resilience on school adjustment problems. Participants were 1397 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 13.88 and SD = 1.27). The results reveal that peer support has a direct negative relationship on school integration problems, and that support from families and teachers has an indirect contribution through self-concept and resilience. The percentage of variance in school integration problems explained by the variables included in the study was 36.4%. The results have serious theoretical–practical implications that broaden the range of possibilities for preventing problems of this kind.
Pathological complete response after chemotherapy in initially unresectable distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nakayama Toshihiro , Nakano Hiroshi , Matsushita Reika , Hayakawa Tomoaki , Takagi Shimpei , Tanaka Yuya , Ozaki Takahiro , Matsushita Tsunehisa , Sumi Yasuhiro , Takagi Masayuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurgical resection is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, but it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, making surgical resection infeasible. Recently, the concept of conversion surgery has expanded the indications for surgical treatment, thanks to advancements in both perioperative management and chemotherapy. However, it remains unclear which patients benefit most from this treatment strategy. We present a case of initially unresectable cholangiocarcinoma in which a pathologic complete response was achieved following chemotherapy. A man in his seventies presented with jaundice and was referred to our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography revealed dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and thickening of the common bile duct, suggestive of distal cholangiocarcinoma. The tumor was initially unresectable due to metastatic para-aortic lymph nodes, and chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin was initiated. After six courses of chemotherapy, the lymph nodes showed a partial response, and tumor markers returned to normal levels. However, further chemotherapy was intolerable due to thrombocytopenia. Our cancer board then decided to perform a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen showed complete disappearance of the primary tumor, but viable cancer cells were found in the resected lymph nodes. Seven months post-surgery, recurrence in the para-aortic nodes was detected through imaging and elevated tumor markers. Despite this, the patient remains alive 16 months post-surgery with normal tumor marker levels, following additional chemotherapy. Pathologic complete response of the primary tumor is rarely observed in patients with initially unresectable distal cholangiocarcinoma, and a multidisciplinary approach, including conversion surgery, may be effective in such cases.
Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Yager Power Operators and Possibility Degree-Based Group Decision-Making Model
Authors: Rani Pratibha , Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Deveci Muhammet , Alrasheedi Adel Fahad , Alshamrani Ahmad M. , Pedrycz Witold 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As an extended form of intuitionistic fuzzy set, the theory of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) can describe fuzziness more flexibly. This study aims to develop a group decision-making model based on the distance measure, Yager power aggregation operators and the possibility measure in the context of IVIFSs. For this purpose, new distance measure is proposed to quantify the dissimilarity between two IVIFSs. In addition, comparison with existing distance measures is performed to illustrate the efficiency of introduced measure. Combining the Yager’s triangular norms with the proposed distance-based power operators, a series of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) Yager power aggregation operators are introduced with their desirable properties. Moreover, a possibility measure is developed for pairwise comparisons of IVIFSs, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing IVIF-score function, IVIF-accuracy function, and IVIF-possibility measures. The developed possibility measure is further utilized to compute the weights of criteria. To prove the practicality and effectiveness of introduced model, it is applied to a case study of manufacturing plant location selection problem with IVIF information. Finally, sensitivity and comparative analyses are carried out to test the stability and robustness of the proposed method under the setting of IVIFSs.
Markov chain and RATGOS-driven fuzzy decision-making for prioritizing cybersecurity measures in microgrid systems
Authors: Eti Serkan , Yüksel Serhat , Pamucar Dragan , Dinçer Hasan , Deveci Muhammet , Gökalp Yaşar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNecessary precautions must be taken to increase cybersecurity to improve the performance of microgrid systems. However, because these actions create costs, it is not possible to improve all of these variables at the same time. There is a significant need for a new study that will conduct a priority analysis of the factors affecting the increase of cyber security. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the most significant factors to increase the cybersecurity of microgrids. For this purpose, a novel machine learning methodology adopted fuzzy decision-making model has been generated that has three different stages. Firstly, the weights of the experts are computed by the help of dimension reduction with machine learning. At the second stage, the criteria for cybersecurity in microgrids are weighted via Markov chain with Spherical fuzzy sets. The final stage examines the performance of group of seven (G7) economies with respect to the cybersecurity performance in microgrid projects. The use of Markov chain in criterion weights is the biggest contribution of this study to the literature. The Markov chain examines possible states by considering the next transition probabilities of the states. Based on this transition matrix, the limit state can be obtained and the general situation in the problem can be obtained. With this analysis, it is aimed to obtain the importance of the general criteria in the problem, taking into account the transitivity of the criteria in the problems. The findings indicate that the most important issue in cyber security in microgrids is the quality of the structure of the network used. Similarly, the emergency action plan and redundancy is the second most critical factor in this regard. The ranking results give information that Germany and France are the most successful countries with respect to the cybersecurity increase performance of microgrids.
Innate immune memory in chronic HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): potential mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Capriotti Zachary , Klase Zachary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the outlook of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive therapy are still at higher risk for a range of comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), among others. Chronic inflammation and immune activation are thought to be an underlying cause of these comorbidities. Many of the factors thought to drive chronic inflammation and immune activation in HIV overlap with factors known to induce trained immunity. Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory that metabolically and epigenetically reprograms innate immune cells to mount enhanced inflammatory responses upon secondary encounter with unrelated inflammatory stimuli. While this phenotype has been characterized in a variety of disease states in animals and humans, very little is known about its potential contribution to chronic HIV pathogenesis. In this review, a broad overview of innate immune memory in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) is provided and the evidence for trained immunity in the context of HIV is considered. In PLWH on ART, this phenotype could contribute to the chronic inflammation and immune activation associated with HIV comorbidities and could complicate HIV cure strategies due to the potential persistence of the phenotype after eradication of the virus. Further research into this immune state in the context of HIV may open the door for new therapeutics aimed at treating HIV comorbidities like HAND.
Magnetic nanoparticle detection methods in the context of complex fluids
Authors: Orujov Alirza , Pikal Jon M. , Chien TeYu , Carter Jefferson A. , Aryana Saman A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFoams improve mobility control in injection operations within geological settings. Nanoparticles, such as iron-oxide, have been shown to enhance the stability of foams when combined with surfactants. In this research, we leverage the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles to detect their presence as a surrogate for monitoring the geologic extent of injected fluids in the subsurface. The feasibility of using these nanoparticles for monitoring purposes stems from their detectability at low concentrations in subsurface environments. We developed two distinct methods to detect the presence of magnetite nanoparticles in complex fluids. To simulate complex subsurface fluids in a laboratory setting, we included various ions and surfactants and investigated their effects on the detection of nanoparticles. To this end, we designed an experimental setup and tested two magnetic detection methods: Induction Heating (IH) and Oscillator Frequency Shift (OFS). The IH method involves applying a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to a solution containing small amounts of magnetic nanoparticles and measuring the temperature response. We built an experimental setup to generate this magnetic field for different samples, with temperature changes recorded by an infrared camera. The results indicate that nanoparticle concentrations linearly affect the solution's temperature rise. However, the presence of ions and surfactants also influences the temperature response. The OFS method measures shifts in the resonance frequency of a circuit caused by changes in magnetic permeability inside a coil. This coil is part of a transistor oscillator circuit that produces a sinusoidal voltage waveform, with the oscillation frequency depending on the coil’s inductance. The presence of nanoparticles causes a shift in resonance frequency, which were precisely measured for various samples. The drop in resonance frequency is a linear function of nanoparticle concentration, and both methods detect concentrations as low as 150 mg/L of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.