bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Automated Text Analytics in Social Knowledge Building
Authors: Németh Renáta , Koltai Júlia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are still many sociologists who are skeptical of the findings of big data-based analysis of social-data, questioning the potential of this knowledge production and its contribution to the scientific discourse of sociology.The chapter shows that this tension can be addressed through the redefinition of the research methodological basis of sociology, by the organic incorporation of data science know-how into its methods; the combined application of qualitative and quantitative analysis; and, the use of knowledge-driven science instead of the data-driven approach.The theoretical, methodological, and topical pathways between traditional and computational sociology emerge gradually along the chapter, which also includes plenty of illustrative examples of research situated at the interplay between sociology and data science. As our overview shows, there are new possibilities for sociological research, which are, in some sense, just by-products of information science. We introduce recently developed methods, which can be applied to specific sociological problems outside the scope of business applications. We present sociological topics not yet studied in this area and show new insights the approach can offer to classical sociological questions. As our aim is to encourage sociologists to enter this field, we discuss the new methods on the base of the classic quantitative approach, using its concepts and terminology and addressing the question of how traditionally trained sociologists can acquire new skills.
Einleitung
Authors: Störkle Mario 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, das freiwillige Engagement von Expatriates in der Schweiz zu untersuchen. Der Untersuchungsraum dieser qualitativ ausgerichteten Studie ist dabei der Kanton Zug. Ein Kanton, dessen gesellschaftliches Leben in den letzten Jahren stark von Expatriates geprägt wurde. Doch Expatriates und freiwilliges Engagement? Wie passt das zusammen?
Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality
Authors: Afkhami-Jeddi Nima , Cohn Henry , Hartman Thomas , Tajdini Amirhossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with U(1)c×U(1)c symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge c, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.
Abdominal Decompression after Cardiac Surgery: Outcome of 42 Patients with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Ramser Michaela , Glauser Philippe M. , Glass Tracy R. , Weixler Benjamin , Grapow Martin T. R. , Hoffmann Henry , Kirchhoff Philipp 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundUp to 50% of patients in intensive care units develop intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) in the course of medical treatment. If not detected on time and treated adequately, IAH may develop into an abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) which is associated with a high mortality rate. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are especially prone to develop ACS due to several risk factors including intraoperative hypothermia, fluid resuscitation and acidosis. We investigated patients who developed ACS after cardiac surgery and analyzed potential risk factors, treatment and outcome.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2016, patients with ACS after cardiac surgery requiring decompressive laparotomy were prospectively recorded. Patient characteristics, details on the cardiac surgery, mortality rate and type of treatment of the open abdomen were analyzed.ResultsIncidence of ACS in cardiac surgery patients was 1.0% (n = 42/4128), with a mortality rate of 57%. Ejection fraction, Euroscore2 as well as the perfusion time are independent risk factors for the development of ACS. The outcome of patients with ACS was independent of elective versus emergency surgery, gender, age, BMI or ASA score. In the 18 surviving patients, fascial closure was achieved in 72% after a median of 9 days.ConclusionAbdominal compartment syndrome is a rare but serious complication after cardiac surgery with a high mortality rate. Independent risk factors for ACS were identified. Negative pressure wound therapy seems to promote and allow early fascia closure of the abdomen and represents therefore a likely benefit for the patient.
Predictors of invertebrate biomass and rate of advancement of invertebrate phenology across eight sites in the North American Arctic
Authors: Shaftel Rebecca , Rinella Daniel J. , Kwon Eunbi , Brown Stephen C. , Gates H. River , Kendall Steve , Lank David B. , Liebezeit Joseph R. , Payer David C. , Rausch Jennie , Saalfeld Sarah T. , Sandercock Brett K. , Smith Paul A. , Ward David H. , Lanctot Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAverage annual temperatures in the Arctic increased by 2–3 °C during the second half of the twentieth century. Because shorebirds initiate northward migration to Arctic nesting sites based on cues at distant wintering grounds, climate-driven changes in the phenology of Arctic invertebrates may lead to a mismatch between the nutritional demands of shorebirds and the invertebrate prey essential for egg formation and subsequent chick survival. To explore the environmental drivers affecting invertebrate availability, we modeled the biomass of invertebrates captured in modified Malaise-pitfall traps over three summers at eight Arctic Shorebird Demographics Network sites as a function of accumulated degree-days and other weather variables. To assess climate-driven changes in invertebrate phenology, we used data from the nearest long-term weather stations to hindcast invertebrate availability over 63 summers, 1950–2012. Our results confirmed the importance of both accumulated and daily temperatures as predictors of invertebrate availability while also showing that wind speed negatively affected invertebrate availability at the majority of sites. Additionally, our results suggest that seasonal prey availability for Arctic shorebirds is occurring earlier and that the potential for trophic mismatch is greatest at the northernmost sites, where hindcast invertebrate phenology advanced by approximately 1–2.5 days per decade. Phenological mismatch could have long-term population-level effects on shorebird species that are unable to adjust their breeding schedules to the increasingly earlier invertebrate phenologies.
From research to clinical practice: a European neuroradiological survey on quantitative advanced MRI implementation
Authors: Manfrini Elia , Smits Marion , Thust Steffi , Geiger Sergej , Bendella Zeynep , Petr Jan , Solymosi Laszlo , Keil Vera C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods provide versatile neuroradiological applications and are a hot topic in research. The degree of their clinical implementation is however barely known. This survey was created to illuminate which and how qMRI techniques are currently applied across Europe.

Methods
In total, 4753 neuroradiologists from 27 countries received an online questionnaire. Demographic and professional data, experience with qMRI techniques in the brain and head and neck, usage, reasons for/against application, and knowledge of the QIBA and EIBALL initiatives were assessed.

Results
Two hundred seventy-two responders in 23 countries used the following techniques clinically (mean values in %): DWI (82.0%, n = 223), DSC (67.3%, n = 183), MRS (64.3%, n = 175), DCE (43.4%, n = 118), BOLD-fMRI (42.6%, n = 116), ASL (37.5%, n = 102), fat quantification (25.0%, n = 68), T2 mapping (16.9%, n = 46), T1 mapping (15.1%, n = 41), PET-MRI (11.8%, n = 32), IVIM (5.5%, n = 15), APT-CEST (4.8%, n = 13), and DKI (3.3%, n = 9). The most frequent usage indications for any qMRI technique were tissue differentiation (82.4%, n = 224) and oncological monitoring (72.8%, n = 198). Usage differed between countries, e.g. ASL: Germany (n = 13/63; 20.6%) vs. France (n = 31/40; 77.5%). Neuroradiologists endorsed the use of qMRI because of an improved diagnostic accuracy (89.3%, n = 243), but 50.0% (n = 136) are in need of better technology, 34.9% (n = 95) wish for more communication, and 31.3% need help with result interpretation/generation (n = 85). QIBA and EIBALL were not well known (12.5%, n = 34, and 11.0%, n = 30).

Conclusions
The clinical implementation of qMRI methods is highly variable. Beyond the aspect of readiness for clinical use, better availability of support and a wider dissemination of guidelines could catalyse a broader implementation.

Key Points
• Neuroradiologists endorse the use of qMRI techniques as they subjectively improve diagnostic accuracy.
• Clinical implementation is highly variable between countries, techniques, and indications.
• The use of advanced imaging could be promoted through an increase in technical support and training of both doctors and technicians.
Identification of the Triticoid-type grains (Poaceae) from archaeobotanical assemblages in southwest Asia as Heteranthelium piliferum (Banks & Sol.) Hochst.
Authors: Weide Alexander , Arranz-Otaegui Amaia , Schmidt Ann Frijda , Kim Hyunyoung , Charles Michael , Zeidi Mohsen , Darabi Hojjat , Richter Tobias , Conard Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe so-called Triticoid-type grains are known from several prehistoric sites in southwest Asia and their identification has long been unclear. They resemble the grains of wheats and researchers suggested they may represent an extinct Triticeae species, possibly closely related to wild crop progenitors. In this study we identify the Triticoid-type grains as Heteranthelium piliferum (Banks & Sol.) Hochst. and describe the key identification criteria. The identification is based on morphological analyses of modern and archaeological material from several grass species and was first achieved with well-preserved specimens from Early Neolithic Chogha Golan, Iran. We further examined the Triticoid-type grains from recently excavated samples from Early Neolithic Ganj Dareh, Iran, and archived samples from Late Chalcolithic and Late Bronze Age Tell Brak in northeast Syria, confirming their identification as H. piliferum. Based on the study of herbarium specimens at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, we provide a detailed distribution map and review the species’ biology and ecological adaptations. Collected and cultivated herbarium specimens were analysed in order to understand the high phenotypic plasticity of the growth habit, its correlation with environmental variables and its relation to grain size. In order to understand the high morphological variability of the charred Triticoid-type grains from archaeological deposits, we assessed the effects of experimental carbonisation at different temperatures on grains of H. piliferum, Triticum dicoccum, T. thaoudar and Secale vavilovii. In light of the present study, we discuss the relevance of H. piliferum for reconstructing prehistoric subsistence strategies.
Parallel graph-grammar-based algorithm for the longest-edge refinement of triangular meshes and the pollution simulations in Lesser Poland area
Authors: Podsiadło Krzysztof , Serra Albert Oliver , Paszyńska Anna , Montenegro Rafael , Henriksen Ian , Paszyński Maciej , Pingali Keshav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose parallel graph-grammar-based algorithm for the longest-edge refinements and the pollution simulations in Lesser Poland area. We introduce graph-grammar productions for Rivara’s longest-edged algorithm for the local refinement of unstructured triangular meshes. We utilize the hyper-graph to represent the computational mesh and the graph-grammar productions to express the longest-edge mesh refinement algorithm. The parallelism in the original Rivara’s longest edge refinement algorithm is obtained by processing different longest edge refinement paths in different three ads. Our graph-grammar-based algorithm allows for additional parallelization within a single longest-edge refinement path. The graph-grammar-based algorithm automatically guarantees the validity and conformity of the generated mesh; it prevents the generation of duplicated nodes and edges, elongated elements with Jacobians converging to zero, and removes all the hanging nodes automatically from the mesh. We test the algorithm on generating a surface mesh based on a topographic data of Lesser Poland area. The graph-grammar productions also generate the layers of prismatic three-dimensional elements on top of the triangular mesh, and they break each prismatic element into three tetrahedral elements. Next, we propose graph-grammar productions generating element matrices and right-hand-side vectors for each tetrahedral element. We utilize the Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization for the pollution propagation simulations in Lesser Poland area. We use the advection–diffusion-reaction model, the Crank–Nicolson time integration scheme, and the graph-grammar-based interface to the GMRES solver.
Cool season precipitation projections for California and the Western United States in NA-CORDEX models
Authors: Mahoney Kelly , Scott James D. , Alexander Michael , McCrary Rachel , Abel Mimi Rose , Swales Dustin , Bukovsky Melissa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding future precipitation changes is critical for water supply and flood risk applications in the western United States. The North American COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (NA-CORDEX) matrix of global and regional climate models at multiple resolutions (~ 50-km and 25-km grid spacings) is used to evaluate mean monthly precipitation, extreme daily precipitation, and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the western United States, with a sub-regional focus on California. Results indicate significant model spread in mean monthly precipitation in several key water-sensitive areas in both historical and future projections, but suggest model agreement on increasing daily extreme precipitation magnitudes, decreasing seasonal snowpack, and a shortening of the wet season in California in particular. While the beginning and end of the California cool season are projected to dry according to most models, the core of the cool season (December, January, February) shows an overall wetter projected change pattern. Daily cool-season precipitation extremes generally increase for most models, particularly in California in the mid-winter months. Finally, a marked projected decrease in future seasonal SWE is found across all models, accompanied by earlier dates of maximum seasonal SWE, and thus a shortening of the period of snow cover as well. Results are discussed in the context of how the diverse model membership and variable resolutions offered by the NA-CORDEX ensemble can be best leveraged by stakeholders faced with future water planning challenges.
Impaired in vitro growth response of plasma-treated cardiomyocytes predicts poor outcome in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Hein Selina , Furkel Jennifer , Knoll Maximilian , aus dem Siepen Fabian , Schönland Stefan , Hegenbart Ute , Katus Hugo A. , Kristen Arnt V. , Konstandin Mathias H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Direct toxic effects of transthyretin amyloid in patient plasma upon cardiomyocytes are discussed. However, no data regarding the relevance of this putative effect for clinical outcome are available. In this monocentric prospective study, we analyzed cellular hypertrophy after phenylephrine stimulation in vitro in the presence of patient plasma and correlated the cellular growth response with phenotype and prognosis.

Methods and results
Progress in automated microscopy and image analysis allows high-throughput analysis of cell morphology. Using the InCell microscopy system, changes in cardiomyocyte’s size after treatment with patient plasma from 89 patients suffering from transthyretin amyloidosis and 16 controls were quantified. For this purpose, we propose a novel metric that we named Hypertrophic Index, defined as difference in cell size after phenylephrine stimulation normalized to the unstimulated cell size. Its prognostic value was assessed for multiple endpoints (HTX: death/heart transplantation; DMP: cardiac decompensation; MACE: combined) using Cox proportional hazard models. Cells treated with plasma from healthy controls and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy showed an increase in Hypertrophic Index after phenylephrine stimulation, whereas stimulation after treatment with hereditary cardiac amyloidosis or wild-type transthyretin patient plasma showed a significantly attenuated response. Hypertrophic Index was associated in univariate analyses with HTX (hazard ratio (HR) high vs low: 0.12 [0.02–0.58], p = 0.004), DMP: (HR 0.26 [0.11–0.62], p = 0.003) and MACE (HR 0.24 [0.11–0.55], p < 0.001). Its prognostic value was independent of established risk factors, cardiac TroponinT or N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP).

Conclusions
Attenuated cardiomyocyte growth response after stimulation with patient plasma in vitro is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac events in ATTR patients
Ten-year trends in epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric kidney replacement therapy in Europe: data from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry
Authors: Bonthuis Marjolein , Vidal Enrico , Bjerre Anna , Aydoğ Özlem , Baiko Sergey , Garneata Liliana , Guzzo Isabella , Heaf James G. , Jahnukainen Timo , Lilien Marc , Mallett Tamara , Mirescu Gabriel , Mochanova Elena A. , Nüsken Eva , Rascher Katherine , Roussinov Dimitar , Szczepanska Maria , Tsimaratos Michel , Varvara Askiti , Verrina Enrico , Veselinović Bojana , Jager Kitty J. , Harambat Jérôme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
For 10 consecutive years, the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry has included data on children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in Europe. We examined trends in incidence and prevalence of KRT and patient survival.

Methods
We included all children aged <15 years starting KRT 2007–2016 in 22 European countries participating in the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry since 2007. General population statistics were derived from Eurostat. Incidence and prevalence were expressed per million age-related population (pmarp) and time trends studied with JoinPoint regression. We analyzed survival trends using Cox regression.

Results
Incidence of children commencing KRT <15 years remained stable over the study period, varying between 5.5 and 6.6 pmarp. Incidence by treatment modality was unchanged over time: 2.0 for hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 1.0 for transplantation. Prevalence increased in all age categories and overall rose 2% annually from 26.4 pmarp in 2007 to 32.1 pmarp in 2016. Kidney transplantation prevalence increased 5.1% annually 2007–2009, followed by 1.5% increase/year until 2016. Prevalence of PD steadily increased 1.4% per year over the entire period, and HD prevalence started increasing 6.1% per year from 2011 onwards. Five-year unadjusted patient survival on KRT was around 94% and similar for those initiating KRT 2007–2009 or 2010–2012 (adjusted HR: 0.98, 95% CI:0.71–1.35).

Conclusions
We found a stable incidence and increasing prevalence of European children on KRT 2007–2016. Five-year patient survival was good and was unchanged over time. These data can inform patients and healthcare providers and aid health policy makers on future resource planning of pediatric KRT in Europe.
Telemedicine in research and training: spine surgeon perspectives and practices worldwide
Authors: Shafi Karim , Lovecchio Francis , Riew Grant J. , Samartzis Dino , Louie Philip K. , Germscheid Niccole , An Howard S. , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Chutkan Norman , Mallow Gary Michael , Neva Marko H. , Phillips Frank M. , Sciubba Daniel M. , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Valacco Marcelo , McCarthy Michael H. , Makhni Melvin C. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo utilize a global survey to elucidate spine surgeons’ perspectives towards research and resident education within telemedicine.MethodsA cross-sectional, anonymous email survey was circulated to the members of AO Spine, an international organization consisting of spine surgeons from around the world. Questions were selected and revised using a Delphi approach. A major portion of the final survey queried participants on experiences with telemedicine in training, the utility of telemedicine for research, and the efficacy of telemedicine as a teaching tool. Responses were compared by region.ResultsA total of 485 surgeons completed the survey between May 15, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Though most work regularly with trainees (83.3%) and 81.8% agreed that telemedicine should be incorporated into clinical education, 61.7% of respondents stated that trainees are not present during telemedicine visits. With regards to the types of clinical education that telemedicine could provide, only 33.9% of respondents agreed that interpretation of physical exam maneuvers can be taught (mean score = − 0.28, SD =  ± 1.13). The most frequent research tasks performed over telehealth were follow-up of imaging (28.7%) and study group meetings (26.6%). Of all survey responses provided by members, there were no regional differences (p > 0.05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsOur study of spine surgeons worldwide noted high agreement among specialists for the implantation of telemedicine in trainee curricula, underscoring the global acceptance of this medium for patient management going forward. A greater emphasis towards trainee participation as well as establishing best practices in telemedicine are essential to equip future spine specialists with the necessary skills for navigating this emerging platform.
Influence of macroscale and regional circulation patterns on low- and high-frequency sea level variability in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bednorz Ewa , Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric impact on sea level variability in the Baltic Sea on different time scales was investigated. The Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Scandinavia (SCAND) patterns, were employed, and a strong but non-stationary relationship was found. The SCAND appeared to be most relevant to the mean monthly Baltic Sea level variations throughout the year. A negative correlation indicates that a cyclonic centre over Scandinavia in the negative phase of SCAND enhances western circulation, which then triggers water inflow through the Danish straits. The AO annular mode reveals a positive and slightly stronger relationship with the Baltic Sea level than the NAO. The rapid increases in the Baltic Sea level recognized in this study, namely, those exceeding 24 cm within a 5-day period, mainly occur in the cold season. These increases are associated with the development of specific synoptic conditions in the Euro-Atlantic region, characterized by a shift from high to low pressure over Europe and a rapid increase in the pressure gradient during the week preceding the sea level rise. Rapid increases are associated with cyclones coming from the North Atlantic, which move 1500–2000 km during the week preceding the strong rise of the Baltic waters. The cyclone tracks may be shifted north or south, while the final position is over the Norwegian Sea.