bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease by Deep Learning to Structural MRI
Authors: Nemoto Kiyotaka , Sakaguchi Hiromasa , Kasai Wataru , Hotta Masatoshi , Kamei Ryotaro , Noguchi Tomoyuki , Minamimoto Ryogo , Arai Tetsuaki , Asada Takashi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most prevalent cause of degenerative dementia next to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Though current DLB diagnostic criteria employ several indicative biomarkers, relative preservation of the medial temporal lobe as revealed by structural MRI suffers from low sensitivity and specificity, making them unreliable as sole supporting biomarkers. In this study, we investigated how a deep learning approach would be able to differentiate DLB from AD with structural MRI data.MethodsTwo‐hundred and eight patients (101 DLB, 69 AD, and 38 controls) participated in this retrospective study. Gray matter images were extracted using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). In order to compare the conventional statistical analysis with deep‐learning feature extraction, we built a classification model for DLB and AD with a residual neural network (ResNet) type of convolutional neural network architecture, which is one of the deep learning models. The anatomically standardized gray matter images extracted in the same way as for the VBM process were used as inputs, and the classification performance achieved by our model was evaluated.ResultsConventional statistical analysis detected no significant atrophy other than fine differences on the middle temporal pole and hippocampal regions. The feature extracted by the deep learning method differentiated DLB from AD with 79.15％ accuracy compared to the 68.41% of the conventional method.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that the deep learning method with gray matter images can detect fine differences between DLB and AD that may be underestimated by the conventional method.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in musicians: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Campos Larissa Gabriely Nogueira , Pedrosa Bianca Higino , Cavalcanti Renata Veiga Andersen , Stechman‐Neto José , Gadotti Inae Caroline , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in musicians.Materials and methodsElectronic database searches and a manual search were performed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis including risk of bias was performed for studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐analysis of proportions with a random effects model was performed, and heterogeneity was explored according to the moderating variable through subgroup analysis and metaregression. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.ResultsA total of 13 articles were included for the meta‐analysis. Pooled prevalence estimate was 52.8% (CI 95%; 33.4%‐71.7%) for wind instruments, 53.9% (CI 95%; 42.4%‐65.2%) for string instruments and 53.9% (CI 95%; 23.5%‐82.7%) for string and wind instruments. The average time of use of the musical instrument explained 82.38%, the heterogeneity between the sizes of the effects observed in the analysis (R2 = 82.38%; P < .0001). For prevalence of TMD, the GRADE criteria were considered very low.ConclusionThe overall combined prevalence of TMD in musicians was approximately 53.9%, and musicians who use their instruments daily and for a long period of time may have a higher prevalence of TMD.Clinical significanceDue to the high prevalence of TMD in musicians, health professionals must be careful not to underestimate signs and symptoms and correctly diagnose these cases.
Accuracy of 3D Printed Implant Casts Versus Stone Casts: A Comparative Study in the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Banjar Ayman , Chen Yo‐wei , Kostagianni Aikaterini , Finkelman Matthew , Papathanasiou Aikaterini , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo conduct an in vitro comparison of the amount of three‐dimensional (3D) deviation of 3D printed casts generated from digital implant impressions with an intraoral scanner (IOS) to stone casts made of conventional impressions.Material and MethodsA maxillary master cast with partially edentulous anterior area was fabricated with two internal connection implants (Regular CrossFit, Straumann). Stone casts (n = 10) that served as a control were fabricated with the splinted open‐tray impression technique. Twenty digital impressions were made using a white light IOS (TRIOS, 3shape) and the Standard Tesselation Language (STL) files obtained were saved. Based on the STL files, a digital light processing (DLP) and a stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printer (Varseo S and Form 2) were used to print casts (n = 10 from each 3D printer). The master cast and all casts generated from each group were digitized using the same IOS. The STL files obtained were superimposed on the master cast STL file (reference) to evaluate the amount of 3D deviation with inspection software using the root mean square value (RMS). The independent‐samples Kruskal‐Wallis test and Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction (for post hoc comparisons) were used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe Varseo S group had the lowest median RMS value [77.5 µm (IQR = 91.4‐135.4)], followed closely by the Conventional group [77.7 µm (IQR = 61.5‐93.4)]. The Form 2 had the highest mean value [98.8 µm (IQR = 57.6‐87.9)]. The independent‐samples Kruskal‐Wallis test revealed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.018). Post hoc testing revealed a significant difference between Varseo S and Form 2 (p = 0.009).ConclusionThe casts generated from the Varseo S 3D printer had better 3D accuracy than did those from the Form 2 3D printer. Both the Varseo S group and the conventional stone casts groups had similar 3D accuracy.
Why do patients with chronic hepatitis C drink alcohol? An examination of pain, depression and drinking motives
Authors: Wilder Julius M. , Evon Donna M. , Proeschold‐Bell Rae Jean , Yao Jia , Sohail Malik Muhammed , Niedzwiecki Donna , Makarushka Christina , Hodge Terra , Muir Andrew J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlcohol consumption in the setting of chronic HCV is associated with accelerated progression towards cirrhosis, increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and higher mortality. This analysis contextualizes how sociodemographic factors, chronic pain and depression relate to the motivations of individuals with chronic HCV to consume alcohol. We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hep ART trial of behavioural interventions on alcohol use among patients with HCV. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Drinking Motives Questionnaire and a novel 6‐item measure of pain‐related drinking motives. Statistical analyses performed included ANOVA for bivariate analyses and multivariable ordinary least‐squares linear regression. At study baseline, 181 participants had an average age of 55 years; the majority (66.7%) reported beyond‐minor pain; and a third (37%) met criteria for depression; drinking motives were higher for individuals with beyond‐minor pain (means 9.9 vs. 4.6, p < .001) and who met criteria for depression (means 10.9 vs. 6.4, p < .001) when using the pain‐related drinking motives items. Average pain(coef = 1.0410067141 < .001) was significantly associated with increased motives to drink to relieve pain in the full baseline model specification controlling for all covariates using ordinary at least squares; depression (coef = 7.06; 95% CI 1.32, 12.81; p = .016) was significantly associated with increased non‐pain‐related motives to drink. From baseline to 3‐month follow‐up, compared to participants who had mean average pain scores among the sample, motives to drink to relieve pain decreased in participants who had higher average pain scores (coef = −0.30; 95% CI −0.59, −0.01; p = .40). Physical pain and depression are associated with increased motives to consume alcohol. Patients with chronic liver disease should be screened for chronic pain and depression and, if present, referred to pain specialists or co‐managed in partnership with pain specialists in hepatology clinics.
Effects of the upwelling system on the assessment of reproductive parameters of the caridean shrimp Nematopalaemonschmitti (Holthuis, 1950) in the Western Atlantic
Authors: Herrera Daphine R. , Davanso Thiago Maia , Costa Rogerio C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCostal upwelling and other oceanographic features exert important effects on neritic and benthic communities, causing variations in the reproduction and survival of organisms. Here, we assessed the population structure, sex ratio, recruitment, and reproduction of the caridean shrimp Nematopalaemon schmitti near the Cabo Frio upwelling area in southeastern Brazil. In total, 759 individuals were captured. N. schmitti exhibited a unimodal size–frequency distribution pattern with larger females, and the binomial test indicated a significantly female‐biased sex ratio. The time‐series analysis showed synchrony between ovigerous females and juveniles that revealed continuous reproduction and the possible existence of recruitment areas. Our findings indicate that reproductive parameters are influenced by the environmental factors of the region studied here. We advocate that the influence of the sedimentary composition of the soft bottom and upwelling system of Cabo Frio is the predominant factors influencing the reproductive parameters in N. schmitti.
Genomic signatures of selection in bats surviving white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Gignoux‐Wolfsohn Sarah A. , Pinsky Malin L. , Kerwin Kathleen , Herzog Carl , Hall MacKenzie , Bennett Alyssa B. , Fefferman Nina H. , Maslo Brooke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRapid evolution of advantageous traits following abrupt environmental change can help populations recover from demographic decline. However, for many introduced diseases affecting longer‐lived, slower reproducing hosts, mortality is likely to outpace the acquisition of adaptive de novo mutations. Adaptive alleles must therefore be selected from standing genetic variation, a process that leaves few detectable genomic signatures. Here, we present whole genome evidence for selection in bat populations that are recovering from white‐nose syndrome (WNS). We collected samples both during and after a WNS‐induced mass mortality event in two little brown bat populations that are beginning to show signs of recovery and found signatures of soft sweeps from standing genetic variation at multiple loci throughout the genome. We identified one locus putatively under selection in a gene associated with the immune system. Multiple loci putatively under selection were located within genes previously linked to host response to WNS as well as to changes in metabolism during hibernation. Results from two additional populations suggested that loci under selection may differ somewhat among populations. Through these findings, we suggest that WNS‐induced selection may contribute to genetic resistance in this slowly reproducing species threatened with extinction.
HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN8 mediates jasmonate‐triggered trichome elongation in tomato
Authors: Hua Bing , Chang Jiang , Xu Zhijing , Han Xiaoqian , Xu Mengyuan , Yang Meina , Yang Changxian , Ye Zhibiao , Wu Shuang 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Plant hormones can adjust the physiology and development of plants to enhance their adaptation to biotic and abiotic challenges. Jasmonic acid (JA), one of the immunity hormones in plants, triggers genome‐wide transcriptional changes in response to insect attack and wounding. Although JA is known to affect the development of trichomes, epidermal appendages that form a protective barrier against various stresses, it remains unclear how JA interacts with developmental programs that regulate trichome development.

In this study, we show that JA affects trichome length in tomato by releasing the transcriptional repression mediated by Jasmonate ZIM (JAZ) proteins. We identified SlJAZ4, a negative regulator preferentially expressed in trichomes, as the critical component in JA signaling in tomato trichomes.

We also identified a homeodomain‐leucine zipper gene, SlHD8, as the downstream regulator of JA signaling that promotes trichome elongation. SlHD8 is also highly expressed in trichomes and physically interacts with SlJAZ4. Loss‐of‐function mutations in SlHD8 caused shorter trichomes, a phenotype that was only partially rescued by methyl jasmonate treatment.

Our dual‐luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR assays revealed that SlHD8 regulates trichome elongation by directly binding to the promoters of a set of cell‐wall‐loosening protein genes and activating their transcription. Together, our findings define SlHD8‐SlJAZ4 as a key module mediating JA‐induced trichome elongation in tomato.
Role of a vacuolar iron transporter OsVIT2 in the distribution of iron to rice grains
Authors: Che Jing , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Iron (Fe) from rice grains is an important source of dietary intake; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for loading of Fe to the grains are poorly understood.

We functionally characterized a vacuolar iron transporter gene, OsVIT2 in terms of expression pattern, cellular localization, and mutant phenotypes.

OsVIT2 was expressed in the parenchyma cell bridges of nodes, in the mestome sheath of leaf sheath and aleurone of the caryopsis. Mutation of OsVIT2 resulted in decreased Fe distribution to the leaf sheath, nodes, and aleurone, but increased Fe to the leaf blade and grains. Furthermore, Fe was heavily deposited in the parenchyma cell bridges, mestome sheath and aleurone in the wild‐type rice, but this accumulation was decreased in the knockout lines. Conversely, heavier deposition of Fe was observed in the embryo and endosperm of the grains of knockout lines compared with the wild‐type rice, resulting in increased Fe accumulation in the polished rice without yield penalty.

These results indicate that OsVIT2 is involved in the distribution of Fe to the grains through sequestering Fe into vacuoles in mestome sheath, nodes, and aleurone layer and that knockout of this gene provides a potential way for Fe biofortification without yield penalty.
The effects of verbal cueing for high intended movement velocity on power, neuromuscular activation, and performance
Authors: Rheese Michael , Drinkwater Eric J. , Leung Hans , Andrushko Justin W. , Tober Jacob , Hendy Ashlee M. 
Published: January 2021

It is widely believed that lifting heavy loads slowly, but with a conscious intention to move at high velocity, can produce resistance training (RT) adaptations indicative of rapid movements. This study investigated the effects of verbally cued high “intended” movement velocity (HIMV) during RT on neuromuscular and performance outcomes. 20 untrained volunteers (aged 24.2 ± 3.9 years) participated in 3 weeks of knee extension training. Participants were randomly allocated to receive verbal cues focusing on high intended movement velocity, HIMV, or steady and controlled movement, TRAD (traditional training). All other training variables, including actual movement velocity (30° s−1), remained constant. Increase in mean power output at 30° s−1 was greater for TRAD than HIMV (76% and 33%, respectively, P = 0.027). There were main effects for time (but no between‐group differences) for maximal isometric force (+14%, P = 0.003), peak torque at 180° s−1 (+22%, P = 0.006), peak torque at 30° s−1 (+29%, P < 0.001), 3‐repetition maximum (+20%, P < 0.001), and resting corticospinal excitability (+43%, P = 0.017). There were no differences between groups or across time for voluntary activation (P = 0.793), spinal excitability (P = 0.686), or intracortical inhibition (all P > 0.05). HIMV verbal cueing did not produce additional neurophysiological or performance benefits when compared to traditional cueing. Overall, our results demonstrated that verbal cueing did not alter the principle of velocity‐specific adaptation. Cueing that increases the duration of maximal effort may be optimal for maximizing average power output at low speeds.
Export quality dynamics: Multidimensional evidence of financial development
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Su Thanh Dinh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of financial development on export quality. Financial development is proxied by the overall financial development index, its two sub‐indices (financial institutions index and financial markets index) and three dimensions of each sub‐index. The study begins by examining the causality between financial development indicators and export quality. The influences of financial development indicators on export quality are then investigated. Econometric techniques are applied for 49 low‐ and lower‐middle‐income economies (LMEs), 31 upper‐middle‐income economies (UMEs) and 48 high‐income economies (HIEs) over the period 2002–14, which was chosen on account of data availability. The predominant finding is significant bidirectional causality between financial development indicators, as well as their dimensions, and export quality. Notably, most financial development indicators and their dimensions are found to have significant positive effects on export quality for both HIEs and LMEs, while two dimensions of the financial institutions indicator have no significant impacts in the case of UMEs.
Acute effects of increased gut microbial fermentation on the hypoxic ventilatory response in humans
Authors: Seredyński Rafał , Pawłowska‐Seredyńska Katarzyna , Ponikowska Beata , Paleczny Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is there a link between gut microbial fermentation and ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia in humans?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Increased gut microbial fermentation is associated with augmented ventilatory (but not haemodynamic) responses to transient hypoxia. These findings imply a capacity for gut microbiota to modulate the peripheral chemoreflex response to hypoxia in humans.
AbstractRecent animal data indicate the presence of a bidirectional link between gut microbial activity and respiratory control. Nevertheless, the presence of a similar association between gut microbiota and peripheral chemoreceptor responsiveness to hypoxia in humans has not been reported to date. Therefore, we performed a within subject, placebo‐controlled study in a group of 16 healthy individuals (eight men; mean ± SD age 25.9 ± 5.2 years). Participants underwent two tests (in a random order), receiving lactulose, which stimulates gut fermentation, or placebo. Ventilatory and haemodynamic responses to transient hypoxia were evaluated before and 2 h after the test meal. The magnitude of these responses was related to the net hydrogen content in the exhaled air, reflecting gut fermentation intensity. A lactulose meal, compared to placebo, caused an increase in the minute ventilation (Hyp‐VI; l/min/) and breathing rate (Hyp‐BR; breaths/min/) responses to hypoxia (for Hyp‐VI, mean ± SD −0.03 ± 0.059 in placebo test vs. 0.05 ± 0.116 in lactulose test, P = 0.03; for Hyp‐BR, −0.015 ± 0.046 vs. 0.034 ± 0.054, P = 0.01). The magnitude of these responses was positively correlated with the lactulose‐induced hydrogen excretion (for Hyp‐VI, r = 0.62, P = 0.01; for Hyp‐BR, r = 0.73, P = 0.001). Changes in the resting parameters during normoxia did not differ significantly between the tests. Our results demonstrate that the increased gut microbial fermentation is associated with augmented ventilatory (but not haemodynamic) responses to the transient hypoxia, which implies a capacity for gut microbiota to modulate the peripheral chemoreflex in humans.
Hierarchical Nano/Micro-Structured Surfaces With High Surface Area/Volume Ratios
Authors: Lichade Ketki M. , Jiang Yizhou , Pan Yayue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, many studies have investigated additive manufacturing (AM) of hierarchical surfaces with high surface area/volume (SA/V) ratios, and their performance has been characterized for applications in next-generation functional devices. Despite recent advances, it remains challenging to design and manufacture high SA/V ratio structures with desired functionalities. In this study, we established the complex correlations among the SA/V ratio, surface structure geometry, functionality, and manufacturability in the two-photon polymerization (TPP) process. Inspired by numerous natural structures, we proposed a 3-level hierarchical structure design along with the mathematical modeling of the SA/V ratio. Geometric and manufacturing constraints were modeled to create well-defined three-dimensional hierarchically structured surfaces with a high accuracy. A process flowchart was developed to design the proposed surface structures to achieve the target functionality, SA/V ratio, and geometric accuracy. Surfaces with varied SA/V ratios and hierarchy levels were designed and printed. The wettability and antireflection properties of the fabricated surfaces were characterized. It was observed that the wetting and antireflection properties of the 3-level design could be easily tailored by adjusting the design parameter settings and hierarchy levels. Furthermore, the proposed surface structure could change a naturally hydrophilic surface to near-superhydrophobic. Geometrical light trapping effects were enabled and the antireflection property could be significantly enhanced (&gt; 80% less reflection) by the proposed hierarchical surface structures. Experimental results implied the great potential of the proposed surface structures for various applications such as microfluidics, optics, energy, and interfaces.