bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of single intravenous access iohexol GFR in children is hampered by marker contamination
Authors: Eide Thea Tislevoll , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Brun Atle , Brackman Damien , Svarstad Einar , Tøndel Camilla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeasurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children by iohexol injection and blood sampling from the contralateral arm is widely used. A single intravenous access for iohexol injection and subsequent blood sampling has the obvious advantages of being less painful and easier to perform. The purpose of our study was to determine if blood samples drawn from the injection access are feasible and accurate for iohexol GFR (iGFR) measurements. Thirty-one children, median age 10.5 (range 6–17) years, with chronic kidney disease were given a bolus of iohexol followed by extended saline flushing and subsequent venous blood samples collected from the injection access as well as from a cannula in the contralateral arm, the latter serving as the reference method. Paired venous blood samples were collected at four time points (2, 3, 3.5 and 4 h) after the iohexol bolus. Blood sample discarding preceded and saline flushing followed each blood sampling to avoid marker contamination. iGFR based on samples drawn from the injection access at 2 and 3 h showed significantly lower iGFR than measurement from the contralateral arm (p < 0.01). Singlepoint iGFR did not differ significantly after 3–4 repeated procedures of blood discarding and saline flusing (3.5 and 4 h). Despite thorough saline flushing there is still a relatively high risk of falsely low iGFR due to marker contamination in blood samples from the injection site. Hence, blood sampling from a second intravenous access is recommended for routine iohexol GFR measurements in children.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT01092260, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01092260?term=tondel&rank=2.
Nano-ZnS decorated hierarchically porous carbon electrocatalyst with multiple enzyme-like activities as a nanozyme sensing platform for simultaneous detection of dopamine, uric acid, guanine, and adenine
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhuo Zhonghui , Fan Guorong , Wang Zongde , Chen Shangxing , Xu Lulu , Wen Yangping , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2021

A nano-ZnS decorated hierarchically porous carbon electrocatalyst with multiple enzyme-like activities as a nanozyme sensing platform for simultaneous detection of four biological molecules was synthesized via an in situ hydrothermal reaction.
From imines to amides via NHC-mediated oxidation
Authors: Sun Shaofa , Guo Donghui , Li Fangyi , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2021

An efficient construction of amides through NHC-mediated oxidation of imines is described. This work has the advantages of wide scope, fast assembly and high yield, and can avoid the use of coupling agents, such as HATU, DCC, etc.
Targeted proteolytic products of τ and α-synuclein in neurodegeneration
Authors: Xia Yuxing , Lloyd Grace M. , Giasson Benoit I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
CNS pathological inclusions comprising τ or α-synuclein (αSyn) define a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, and these can often present concurrently in the same individuals. The aggregation of both proteins is clearly associated with neurodegeneration and the deleterious properties of each protein is further supported by mutations in each gene (MAPT and SNCA, respectively) resulting in disease. The initiating events in most sporadic neurodegenerative diseases are still unclear but growing evidence suggests that the aberrant proteolytic cleavage of τ and αSyn results in products that can be toxic and/or initiate aggregation that can further spread by a prion-like mechanism. The accumulation of some of these cleavage products can further potentiate the progression of protein aggregation transmission and lead to their accumulation in peripheral biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The future development of new tools to detect specific τ and αSyn abnormal cleavage products in peripheral biofluids could be useful biomarkers and better understand of the role of unique proteolytic activities could yield therapeutic interventions.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Singha M. , Husemann B. , Urrutia T. , O’Dea C. P. , Scharwächter J. , Gaspari M. , Combes F. , Nevin R. , Terrazas B. A. , Pérez-Torres M. , Rose T. , Davis T. A. , Tremblay G. R. , Neumann J. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Baum S. A. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The strong asymmetry in the optical [O III]λ5007 emission line is one of the best signatures of active galactic nuclei (AGN) driven warm (∼104K) ionized gas outflows on host galaxy scales. While large spectroscopic surveys such as the sloan digital sky survey (SDSS) have characterized the kinematics of [O III] for large samples of AGN, estimating the associated energetics requires spatially resolving these outflows with, for example, integral field unit (IFU) studies.Aims.As part of the Close AGN Reference Survey, we obtained spatially resolved IFU spectroscopy for a representative sample of 39 luminous type 1 AGN at 0.01 < z < 0.06 with the multi unit spectroscopic explorer and the visible multi object spectrograph IFUs at the very large telescope to infer the spatial location of the ionized gas outflows.Methods.We compared the 2D light distributions of the [O III] wing to that of the Hβbroad emission line region, a classical point source (PSF). We then used the PSF to distinguish between the unresolved and resolved [O III] wing emission. We further determined its location using spectro-astrometry for the point-like sources.Results.The [O III] wing is spatially unresolved in 23 out of the 36 AGN with > 80% of the flux associated with a point-like source. We measured < 100 pc offsets in the spatial location of the outflow from the AGN nucleus using the spectro-astrometry technique for these sources. For the other 13 AGN, the [O III] wing emission is resolved and possibly extended on several kiloparsec scales.Conclusions.We conclude that [O III] wing emission can be compact or extended in an unbiased luminous AGN sample, where both cases are likely to appear. Electron density in the compact [O III] wing regions (medianne ∼ 1900 cm−3) is nearly a magnitude higher than in the extended ones (medianne ∼ 500 cm−3). The presence of spatially extended and compact [O III] wing emission is unrelated to the AGN bolometric luminosity and to inclination effects, which means other features such as time delays, or mechanical feedback (radio jets) may shape the ionized gas outflow properties.
Survey of Surveys
Authors: Tsantaki M. , Pancino E. , Marrese P. , Marinoni S. , Rainer M. , Sanna N. , Turchi A. , Randich S. , Gallart C. , Battaglia G. , Masseron T. 
Published: November 2021

Context.In the present-day panorama of large spectroscopic surveys, the amount, diversity, and complexity of the available data continuously increase. The overarching goal of studying the formation and evolution of our Galaxy is hampered by the heterogeneity of instruments, selection functions, analysis methods, and measured quantities.Aims.We present a comprehensive catalogue, the Survey of Surveys (SoS), built by homogeneously merging the radial velocity (RV) determinations of the largest ground-based spectroscopic surveys to date, such as APOGEE, GALAH,Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and LAMOST, usingGaiaas a reference. This pilot study serves to prove the concept and to test the methodology that we plan to apply in the future to the stellar parameters and abundance ratios as well.Methods.We have devised a multi-staged procedure that includes: (i) the cross match betweenGaiaand the spectroscopic surveys using the officialGaiacross-match algorithm, (ii) the normalisation of uncertainties using repeated measurements or the three-cornered hat method, (iii) the cross calibration of the RVs as a function of the main parameters on which depend (magnitude, effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and signal-to-noise ratio) to remove trends and zero point offsets, and (iv) the comparison with external high-resolution samples, such as theGaiaRV standards and the Geneva-Copenhagen survey, to validate the homogenisation procedure and to calibrate the RV zero-point of the SoS catalogue.Results.We provide the largest homogenised RV catalogue to date, containing almost 11 million stars, of which about half come exclusively fromGaiaand half in combination with the ground-based surveys. We estimate the accuracy of the RV zero-point to be about 0.16−0.31 km s−1and the RV precision to be in the range 0.05−1.50 km s−1depending on the type of star and on its survey provenance. We validate the SoS RVs with open clusters from a high resolution homogeneous samples and provide the systemic velocity of 55 individual open clusters. Additionally, we provide median RVs for 532 clusters recently discovered byGaiadata.Conclusions.The SoS is publicly available and ready to be applied to various research projects, such as the study of star clusters, Galactic archaeology, stellar streams, or the characterisation of planet-hosting stars, to name a few. We also plan to include survey updates and more data sources in future versions of the SoS.
A Highly Durable, Self-Photosensitized Mononuclear Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jung Jieun , Saito Susumu , Kamada Kenji , Okuwa Hiroko , Wakabayashi Taku , Sekizawa Keita , Sato Shunsuke , Morikawa Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel mononuclear ruthenium (Ru) complex bearing a PNNP-type tetradentate ligand is introduced here as a self-photosensitized catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). When the pre-activation of the Ru complex by reaction with a base was carried out, an induction period of catalyst almost disappeared and the catalyst turnover numbers (TONs) over a reaction time of 144 h reached 307 and 489 for carbon monoxide (CO) and for formic acid (HCO2H), respectively. The complex has a long lifespan as a dual photosensitizer and reduction catalyst, due to the sterically bulky and structurally robust (PNNP)Ru framework. Isotope-labeling experiments under 13CO2 atmosphere indicate that CO and HCO2H were both produced from CO2.
Prognostic Implications of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Coronary Thrombi of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Blasco Ana , Coronado María-José , Vela Paula , Martín Paloma , Solano Jorge , Ramil Elvira , Mesquida Aína , Santos Adrián , Cózar Beatriz , Royuela Ana , García Diego , Camarzana Susana , Parra Carolina , Oteo Juan F. , Goicolea Javier , Bellas Carmen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aims The mechanisms of coronary thrombosis can influence prognosis after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and allow for different treatment groups to be identified; an association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been suggested. Our aim was to determine the role played by NETs in coronary thrombosis and their influence on prognosis. The role of other histological features in prognosis and the association between NETs and bacteria in the coronary thrombi were also explored.
Methods and Results We studied 406 patients with STEMI in which coronary thrombi were consecutively obtained by aspiration during angioplasty between 2012 and 2018. Analysis of NETs in paraffin-embedded thrombi was based on the colocalization of specific NET components by means of confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry stains were used to identify plaque fragments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect bacteria.NETs were detected in 51% of the thrombi (NET density, median [interquartile range]: 25% [17–38%]). The median follow-up was 47 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 43–51); 105 (26%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A significant association was found between the presence of NETs in coronary aspirates and the occurrence of MACE in the first 30 days after infarction (hazard ratio 2.82; 95% CI 1.26–6.35, p = 0.012), mainly due to cardiac deaths and stent thrombosis.
Conclusion The presence of NETs in coronary thrombi was associated with a worse prognosis soon after STEMI. In some patients, NETs could be a treatment target and a feasible way to prevent reinfarction.
Favorable Response to “Memantine” in a Child with GRIN2B Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Chidambaram Sathya , Manokaran Ranjith Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
GRIN2B is a gene encoding GluN2B subunit under the family of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which is responsible for neurogenesis and cognitive processes. The role of NMDA receptor antagonists like memantine is being explored for therapies in drug-resistant epilepsies. Here, we present a case of a 20-month-old boy who presented with refractory epileptic spasms. Upon failure of multiple antiepileptic drugs, he was started on oral memantine. There was a significant reduction in average seizure episodes by ∼80%. The use of memantine along with antiepileptic drug polytherapy has proved to be beneficial in our case. Our experience with memantine and favorable outcome opens up the scope of more research into the use of NMDA receptor antagonist as a drug option for refractory epilepsies with proven genetic mutation and hence improves the overall neurodevelopmental outcome and survival chance.
Congenital Central Overinflation with Mainstem Bronchial Stenosis: Pre- and Postnatal Imaging and Outcome—Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Sheth Swapnil , Ghuman Samarjit S. , Buxi Tarvinder B.S. , Sud Seema , Aggarwal Satish Kumar , Sachdev Anil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCongenital overinflation of lung is underdiagnosed prenatally as the imaging features of the same are not well described. We describe a very rare case of central variety of congenital overinflation, secondary to right mainstem bronchial stenosis, not previously described in our knowledge, which presented as an enlarged homogenous echogenic/hyperintense lung with cardio-mediastinal shift and was misdiagnosed as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). We reviewed imaging features helpful in prenatal diagnosis of this condition on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and discussed an approach for differential diagnosis. The congenital central overinflation may be considered in prenatal detected echogenic lung lesions with the absence of cysts or systemic arterial supply and presence of hypervascularity or dilated bronchi within the lesion.
The Majority of Boys Having Orchidopexy for Congenital Nonsyndromic Cryptorchidism during Minipuberty Exhibited Normal Reproductive Hormonal Profiles
Authors: Hildorf Simone , Hildorf Andrea E. , Clasen-Linde Erik , Cortes Dina , Walther-Larsen Søren , Li Ruili , Hutson John M. , Thorup Jorgen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction The activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis that occurs in male minipuberty during the first 5 months of life is important for early germ cell development. Orchidopexy during minipuberty may improve fertility potential as the germinative epithelium may benefit from the naturally occurring gonadotropin stimulation. We hypothesize that most boys with congenital nonsyndromic cryptorchidism display normal reproductive hormonal profiles and histological findings during minipuberty.Methods We included boys with congenital nonsyndromic cryptorchidism who underwent orchidopexy at less than 160 days of age, having no potential for spontaneous resolution clinically. At surgery, testicular biopsies and reproductive hormones were collected and compared with normal reference values. We measured the germ cells (G/T) and type A dark spermatogonia number per tubule.Results Thirty-five boys aged 37 to 159 (median age: 124) days at orchidopexy were included, five were bilateral. G/T was below the normal lower range in 26% (9/35) of the cases. In six of these cases, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were above 97.5 percentile, whereas one case had FSH below 2.5 percentile. Totally, 97% (33/34, one FSH was missing) exhibited a normal LH/FSH ratio. LH was more often above 97.5 percentile than FSH: 34% (12/35) versus 3% (1/34, p < 0.001). Inhibin B was below 2.5 percentile in 17% (6/35) of cases who all proved FSH above normal mean and four had LH above normal mean.Conclusion Generally, reproductive hormonal profiles of the cryptorchid boys exhibited normal minipubertal pattern. Thus, 26% of the boys had reduced germ cell number, and transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism could be suspected in few cases.
Non-blocking programmable delay line with minimal dead time and tens of picoseconds jitter
Authors: Mazin Glib , Stejskal Aleš , Dudka Michal , Ježek Miroslav 
Published: November 2021

We report a non-blocking high-resolution digital delay line based on an asynchronous circuit design. Field-programmable gate array logic primitives were used as a source of delay and optimally arranged using combinatorial optimization. This approach allows for an efficient trade-off of the resolution and a delay range together with a minimized dead time operation. We demonstrate the method by implementing the delay line adjustable from 23 ns up to 1635 ns with a resolution of 10 ps. We present a detailed experimental characterization of the device focusing on thermal instability, timing jitter, and pulse spreading, which represent three main issues of the asynchronous design. We found a linear dependence of the delay on the temperature with the slope of 0.2 ps K−1 per logic primitive. We measured the timing jitter of the delay to be in the range of 7–165 ps, linearly increasing over the dynamic range of the delay. We reduced the effect of pulse spreading by introducing pulse shrinking circuits and reached the overall dead time of 4–22.5 ns within the dynamic range of the delay. The presented non-blocking delay line finds usage in applications where the dead time minimization is crucial, and tens of picoseconds of excess jitter is acceptable, such as in many advanced photonic networks.
Strong ortho/para effects in the vibrational spectrum of Cl−(H2)
Authors: Dahlmann Franziska , Lochmann Christine , Marimuthu Aravindh N. , Lara-Moreno Miguel , Stoecklin Thierry , Halvick Philippe , Raoult Maurice , Dulieu Olivier , Wild Robert , Schlemmer Stephan , Brünken Sandra , Wester Roland 
Published: November 2021

The predissociation spectrum of the Cl−35(H2) complex is measured between 450 and 800 cm−1 in a multipole radiofrequency ion trap at different temperatures using the FELIX infrared free electron laser. Above a certain temperature, the removal of the Cl−(p-H2) para nuclear spin isomer by ligand exchange to the Cl−(o-H2) ortho isomer is suppressed effectively, thereby making it possible to detect the spectrum of this more weakly bound complex. At trap temperatures of 30.5 and 41.5 K, we detect two vibrational bands of Cl−(p-H2) at 510(1) and 606(1) cm−1. Using accurate quantum calculations, these bands are assigned to transitions to the inter-monomer vibrational modes (v1,v2l2) = (0, 20) and (1, 20), respectively.
Functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement based on combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and a Mach – Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Huang Lanfeng , Li Yongjun , Zhao Shanghong , Lin Tao , Li Xuan , Wang Guodong , Zhu Zihang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement (PFM) is proposed. Owing to polarisation multiplexing, the electro-optic (O/E) conversion can be performed in a single optical path, which endows the system high stability and concise configuration. Moreover, using a specially designed functional coarse/accurate frequency measurement (C/AFM) module, a large covering range, moderate accuracy, and fast response frequency measurement results can be ensured in a radar warning receiver (RWR), whereas high accurate results can be used in an electronic countermeasures receiver (ECMR). The simulation results show that a strict monotonous amplitude comparison function (ACF) can be constructed based on the structure of a Mach – Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to map the signal frequency, with a measurement error of less than 0.2 GHz in the range of 1 – 31 GHz. This coarse measurement results can be used to perform radar warning. Based on this result, a highly accurate frequency measurement result is achieved through stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The results reveal that the accuracy is improved to better than 20 MHz. Noteworthy, the C/AFM module consists of purely passive devices, which makes this system meet the potential of integration.
Alterations in epididymal sperm maturation caused by ageing
Authors: López-Trinidad B. P. , Vigueras-Villaseñor R. M. , Konigsberg M. , Ávalos-Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez-Tobón A. , Cortés-Barberena E. , Arteaga-Silva M. , Arenas-Ríos E. 
Published: November 2021

The epididymis is an organ that performs all the biochemical changes responsible for sperm maturation. During ageing, histological alterations in the epididymis and decreased protein synthesis have been found. This might affect the sperm maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine if the changes in the epididymis during ageing might cause alterations in sperm maturation. Wistar rats of 3–4 months old (young) and 18–21 months old (old) were used. The testosterone concentration was determined and the epididymides were dissected and divided in three regions: caput, corpus, and cauda. The tissues were used for histological processing and sperm extraction. Testosterone concentration decreased 34% in the old animals compared to the young ones. The distribution of mannose, sialic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine in the glycocalyx of the sperm membrane of old animals was different from that of young animals. The same occurred with phosphatidylserine externalisation and protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues. Epididymis histology in old animals showed tubular and cellular degeneration. Our results suggest that ageing affects maturational markers, likely due to alterations in the epididymis as a result of the testosterone decrease associated with ageing.
El ‘saber habitual’
Authors: Enríquez Duque Paola 
Published: November 2021

Abstracta
En el español andino ecuatoriano (EAE), el verbo saber, además de su función lexical, cumple una gramatical como auxiliar en la perífrasis de habitualidad ‘saber + VINF’. Tal gramaticalización no es resultado de una elección al azar, sino una consecuencia de la conjunción de factores internos, como la evolución de las lenguas, y de factores externos, como el contacto lingüístico. Este estudio se basa en datos empíricos de dos variedades de español en Ecuador: una de contacto con kichwa, el EAE, y otra sin contacto directo de la región de la costa. En este estudio se describen las características gramaticales de la perífrasis; se prueba que esta no es siempre equivalente a ‘soler + VINF’, como tradicionalmente se ha considerado; y se argumenta que, en el EAE, la gramaticalización de ‘saber + VINF’ es producto de la evolución propia del español y de su contacto con el kichwa.