bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Eigenvalue of Matrices over The Symmetrized Max-Plus Algebra
Authors: Ariyanti Gregoria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Max-plus algebra is the structure that doesn’t have an inverse of additive. Therefore, there exists an equation that doesn’t have a solution. For example, equation 3 ®x=2 has no solution because there is no x such that max(3,x) = 2. The max-plus will have an inverse element of addition if that structure is extended to the symmetrized max-plus algebra. The expansion into a larger system is the same as the expansion of the natural number into an integer number. This paper describes the necessary or sufficient condition of the eigenvalue of matrices over the symmetrized max-plus algebra using the linear balance systems A®xV b with V as a balance relation.
Past, Present and Future Development in Mathematical Modeling for Low Temperature Thermochemical Treatments of Stainless Steels for Enhanced Surface Properties
Authors: Fanya Annissa , Haruman Esa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch development on mathematical modeling for thermochemical treatment especially in low temperature started from the empirical-based research which focused on conducting many experimental studies to gather metallurgical data. Several thermochemical treatments have been developed experimentally using various process parameters such as temperature, treatment time and gas compositions to understand the effect of certain factors towards the resultant layer. The availability of these experimental data was a crucial factor to obtain precise simulation of the diffusion process by thermochemical treatments in the stainless steels which can reduce the trials and errors of the experimental woks. However, the lack of the metallurgical data remains an obstacle to correlate the empirical and simulation-based research. The recent additive manufacturing research area is also an attractive challenge to generate a mathematical-based simulation of thermochemical treatments of additive manufactured specimen. In this paper, a historical review in connection with modeling development in low temperature thermochemical treatments is presented including the suggested future works to attain commercial software availability in progressive industrial development.
Challenges and New Research Directions to the Development of Smart Cities: Systems-of-Systems Perspective
Authors: Mansoori Saeed Al 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCities play a pivotal role in the global economy as they are the hubs of trade, industry as well as social and cultural activities. Nowadays, more than 50% of the world’s population live in cities and this number is steadily rising throughout the upcoming few years leading to a highly significant change in the world’s demography. This remarkable growth in urbanization will make cities struggling to provide the basic services to their citizens and will encounter enormous challenges such as traffic congestion, more pollution, excessive energy consumption, extreme water usage, more waste, etc. Consequently, a smart mechanism needs to be implemented in-place to effectively manage the natural resources and assets within cities to ensure the sustainability of services and to provide a high quality of life to residents. Hence, the concept of smart cities has been introduced and becomes one of the most focal and hottest research areas in recent years. Generally, smart city is a combination of urban systems that are interconnected to each other using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) along with Internet of Things (IoT). The shift from a single system to systems of systems would accelerate the development of various sectors including healthcare, education, transportation, economy, energy, housing, etc. Nevertheless, this transfer is extremely challenging due to various aspects related to infrastructure concerns, data storage, subsystems integration as well as managing data in decision support systems (DSS) for end-users. This paper elaborates on the current state-of-the-art in the Systems of Systems Engineering in the context of smart cities. In addition, it highlights some of the smart cities long-term challenges, potential solutions along with new research directions.
Twitter Text Data from #Covid-19: Analysis of Changes in Time Using Exploratory Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Probierz Eryka , Galuszka Adam , Dzida Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of polish Covid-19-focused twitter posts identified via Covid-19 hashtags. The use of the popular service gives us an opportunity to monitor changing trends in users’ opinions, and changing focus of the most popular topics in the Covid-19-oriented tweets. As part of the analysis, an exploratory sentimental analysis was used to identify the main topics, emotional characteristics, and possible changes over time in the tweeter statements. The emotional characterization of the statements allowed to classify them as negative, neutral or positive. The analysis used wide range of classical text mining, sentiment analysis and latent semantic analysis methods. The use of the methods allowed obtaining the most accurate picture of the tweets. The obtained results indicate the importance of social media in creating opinions.
Innovation Feedback Kalman Filter
Authors: Wang Zhida , Chen Yangyang , Xue Lin , Li Jianguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The conventional Kalman filter demands complete knowledge of the actual filter model, which is usually inaccessible in practical problems. When dealing with the filtering problem with uncertainty, any improper prediction of the uncertainty may degrade the filtering performance and even lead to divergence phenomenon. In this paper, the innovation feedback Kalman filter, which introduces the innovation feedback controller to the Kalman filter equations, is newly proposed on the basis of automatic control theory to address the filtering problem with uncertainty and is different from other filtering methods. By studying the estimate error equations, the estimate bias is extracted and its propagation mechanism is formulated. The estimate bias propagation equations reveal that eliminating the estimate bias essentially equivalents to an output regulation problem with uncertain exosystem. And a concise yet effective innovation feedback controller is subsequently given as an example. The proposed method is applied to one-dimension target tracking scenario and its high estimation accuracy performance and good stability are simulated through a comparative analysis with the ideal filtering results.
Strong rainbow disconnection in graphs
Authors: Bai Xuqing , Li Xueliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let G be a nontrivial edge-colored connected graph. A rainbow edge-cut is an edge-cut R of G, and all edges of R have different colors in G. For two different vertices u and v of G, a u-v-edge-cut is an edge-cut separating them. An edge-colored graph G is called strong rainbow disconnected if for every two distinct vertices u and v of G, there exists a both rainbow and minimum u-v-edge-cut in G, and such an edge-coloring is called a strong rainbow disconnection coloring (srd-coloring for short) of G. For a connected graph G, the strong rainbow disconnection number (srd-number for short) of G, denoted by srd(G), is the minimum number of colors required to make G strong rainbow disconnected. In this paper, we first characterize the graphs with m edges satisfing srd(G) = k for each k ∈ {1, 2, m}, respectively, and we also show that the srd-number of a nontrivial connected graph G is equal to the maximum srd-number in the blocks of G. Secondly, we study the srd-numbers for the complete k-partite graphs, k-edge-connected k-regular graphs and grid graphs. Finally, we prove that for a connected graph G, computing srd(G) is NP-hard. In particular, we prove that it is NP-complete to decide if srd(G) = 3 for a connected cubic graph. We also show that the following problem is NP-complete: given an edge-colored (with an unbounded number of colors) connected graph G, check whether the given coloring makes G strong rainbow disconnected.
Big Data Cloud Storage Optimization Scheme based on PSO Algorithm
Authors: Cheng Jie , Liu Songyan , Sheng Wei , Sun Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPSO algorithm, as one of the best swarm intelligence algorithms, has a strong optimization ability. It has obvious advantages to apply PSO algorithm to the optimization of resource scheduling strategy of cloud computing platform. Through the research on the application of PSO algorithm in cloud computing, effective methods are provided for the improvement of efficiency of cloud computing platform. This paper analyzes and studies the application of PSO algorithm optimized by cloud model in business scheduling of big data cloud storage platform.
Interface State in One-dimensional Acoustic Resonator System with Inversion Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Huang Shan , Fan Lei , He Ye , Chen Xiao-an 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Topological sonic crystals are artificial periodic structures that support robust edge or interface state. Most previous studies on interface state in one-dimensional system heavily rely on Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, which modulates inter and intra hopping strength to yield a nontrivial topological phase. Whether it is possible to achieve interface states by connecting two trivial phases remains a question. To this point, in this paper, we propose a novel method of breaking the inversion symmetry of diatomic and elaborate the underlying mechanism using a spring-mass model. Instead of modulating spring stiffness corresponding to hopping strength which is intrinsically requested in the SSH model, we perturb the masses to break inversion symmetry while springs remain unchanged. Although breaking inversion symmetry in diatomic does not lead to a nontrivial phase, it is found that the interface state would still emerge within the chain formed by connecting two different configurations. Subsequently, this mechanism is applied to a one-dimensional acoustic resonator system connecting two different configurations to realize interface state. Simulation results reveal that acoustic wave has strongly localized at predicted interface frequency. Our study provides a novel approach of producing interface states in the one-dimensional acoustic system.
A MCDM-Based Meta-Heuristic Approach for U-shaped Disassembly Line Balancing Problem
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Xie Yang , Ren Yaping , Zhang Chaoyong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since the rapid development of technology advancement and accelerated upgrading rate of mechanical, electrical, and electronic equipment, dealing with the recovery, recycling, and remanufacturing of end-of-life (EOL) products are of increasing importance. The disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) aims at addressing such concern in the most efficient and effective manner. In this paper, a meta-heuristic approach involving both multi-criterion decision making (MCDM) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) is proposed to the U-shaped layout of the disassembly line. Following the MCDM method combining fuzzy set theory, grey relational analysis, and Choquet fuzzy integral, an improved VNS approach with a specially designed decoding method is utilized to balance a U-shaped line with three hierarchical objectives. Finally, computational experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Research on Multi-point Continuous Electromyography Control Algorithm and Its System for Multi-Finger Dexterous Hand
Authors: Huang Pengcheng , Lin Xue , Xiao Jianzhang , Wang Guifeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the application field of robots expands from industry to agriculture, medical rehabilitation and service industries, its working environment becomes dynamic and not good. The end effectors of robots also need to be more flexible to adapt to changing operating objects. Based on the existing research of our group, a multi-finger dexterous hand included two kinds of bending joints is designed which used human hand as the prototype and combined with the characteristics of human hand joint movement. The EMG signal is proposed as the control source to improve the diversity and flexibility of dexterous hand movement. In the link of EMG signal processing algorithm, EMG signal feature value of the independent and complete action is discretized to form a continuous characteristic parameter curve. And multi-point continuous myoelectric control which is used to characterize the action process can be realized. The real-time adjustment of the driving air pressure is realized by the control system. And the system can control the different action forms of multi-finger dexterous hand. Finally, the relative error of proposed control algorithm and its system was verified to be about 3.23% by the joint position control test.
Analysis of Empirical Research Methods of Rehabilitation Landscape
Authors: Luo Jia , Liu Hanxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In modern times, the natural environment has attracted people’s attention as a resource for maintaining people’s physical and mental health. Nature and health involve many different disciplines. In the landscape disciplines, it is called “rehabilitation landscape”. Rehabilitation landscape is important to the mind and physiology of individuals there are also many scientific research results for new types of gardens. On this basis, this paper analyzes the current empirical research methods of rehabilitation landscape from the perspective of subject and object by combing the development process of rehabilitation landscape, and points out its shortcomings, analyzes its future development trend, and finally proposes future empirical research. The method should have a more rigorous and systematic research structure, strengthen the grasp of the research essence, and promote the formation of an evaluation system with optimized practical significance.
Experiments of Water Quality Monitoring and Sediment Pollution Release in Shamao River
Authors: Lu Qihui , Xu Yuqi , Xu Kunpeng , Xia Wenjun , Liu Junxia , Liu Yanxiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Shamao River is an urban river in Wuhan Economic Development District, which water body is under heavy polluted. A whole year water quality monitoring was carried out in 2019, and the corresponding results showed that the water quality of Shamao river was lower than class V bad water quality. The sediment and overlying water samples were collected. Qualified and analyzed pollution indicators, including COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP). The influence of pollutant in water released from sediment was analyzed through laboratory water column simulation experiment. It was found that there was no correlation between concentrations of COD, NH3-N in sediment and corresponding concentrations in overlying water samples. The amount of total phosphorus (TP) in water samples are related to the amount of sediments. Simulated sediment pollution releasing experiments showed that the COD in sediment had weak effect on water quality. The releasing of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment increased with time, caused the secondary pollution of the water body.
The Applicability of the Current Thermal Climate Zones for Building Energy-Saving Design of China
Authors: Bai Lujian , Song Bing , Yang Liu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate has a great impact on the thermal performance of buildings. This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for developing climate classification for building energy-saving in China. The current thermal climate zoning mothed was evaluated by using the mean deviation to assess its applicability on guiding building energy-saving design in China by using the latest weather data measured from 1988 to 2017. The analysis results indicate that current thermal climate zones cannot present the difference in atmospheric moisture and solar radiation in different regions. The current cold zone is unable to reveal the discrepancy of the monthly average temperature of hottest month in different regions. To provide an adequate guidance for the energy efficient design of HVAC systems as well as for passive building design, the main zoning criteria should be revised and the climate indices relating to air humidity and solar radiation should be considered in the future.
Effect of magnetic water on strength properties of concrete
Authors: Ibrahim Enaam M , Abbas Zena K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research’s main goal is to investigate the effects of using magnetic water in concrete mixes with regard to various mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength. The concrete mix investigated was designed to attain a specified cylinder compressive strength (30 MPa), with mix proportions of 1:1.8:2.68 cement to sand to crushed aggregate. The cement content was about 380 kg/m3, with a w/c ratio equal to 0.54, sand content of about 685 kg/m3, and gravel content of about 1,020 kg/m3. Magnetic water was prepared via passing ordinary water throughout a magnetic field with a magnetic intensity of 9,000 Gauss. The strength test results showed an encouraging improvement in the fresh and hardened concrete properties. The percentage increases in compressive strength of 12.16, 10.16, and 8.62% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively, compared particularly well with the control mix containing tap water, with consistent flexural trends and splitting tensile strengths.
Behaviour of Rubberized Concrete Beams in Shear
Authors: Al-Quraishi Hussein , Abdulazeez Aseel , Abdulkhudhur Raad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The shear strength of concrete beams manufactured from a mix including fine pieces of waste tire rubber (rubberised concrete) have been studied in several experimental programmes, with results showing a reduction in shear strength when using rubberised concrete instead of conventional concrete. In much of the recent research in this area. The main goal of the current investigation was thus to determine the extent of such reduction and to find ways to compensate for this reduction by the addition of steel fibre. A total of eight rubberised concrete beams of (140 mm width, 240 mm height, and 1240 mm length) were tested experimentally with replacement ratios by volume fraction of coarse and fine aggregate volume with fine tire waste of 0%, 25%, and 50% investigated. Additions of, 0%, 0.5% and 1.5% steel fibre content were also made to the rubberised concretes, in an attempt to test improvements in the resulting shear strength. A four-points load testing configuration was used for testing the specimens. The compressive strength of the rubberised concrete, volume fraction of steel fibres, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, replacement ratio of conventional aggregate by fine waste rubber, and shear span to depth ratio were the variables considered in this investigation, with the load-deformation behaviour and ultimate load investigated through experimental work. The test results showed that an increase in replacement ratio from 25% to 50% reduced the shear strength by 3.4%, while adding 0.5% steel fibre to the rubberised concrete increased the shear strength by 7.4% as compared with that of conventional strength concrete specimens without steel fibre. Overall, the shear modes of failure in rubberised concrete were similar to those of conventional concrete.
Parametric architecture: the second international style
Authors: Al-Azzawi T , Al-Majidi Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parametric architecture (parametric design) emerged as a concept or theoretical idea in the world of architecture around 2008, in parallel with the development of digital design tools and the rise of the new communication technologies that have spread widely in recent years, supported by the digital revolution. Many research attempts have thus been made to deal with parametric design, with interest focusing both on defining it as a philosophical and theoretical concept in contemporary architecture and as a new architectural style with specific characteristics; it may also be considered an architectural movement, or a set of techniques for the production of form at the design and implementation levels. Many attempts have also been made to define it in order to promote teamwork through collaboration between architects and other engineering specialists during the design process. This paper discusses the possibility of achieving multiple such goals by defining the notion of parametric architecture; the research problem is thus the lack of clarity of the concept or the idea of the style in terms of formal characteristics as a result of over-rapid adoption of the methods and techniques of parametric design. The research aim is to discover and explain this idea more fully, demonstrating its difference from conventional concepts of style, by comparing it with the concept of the international style that emerged based on modern architecture theories, techniques and methods during the first half of the twentieth century. To achieve this, the paper presents a set of global experiences illustrating the use of digital design technologies in different stages of production, highlighting the final characteristics of the products and what they have in common. Schumacher’s dogmas and the taboo principles were thus adopted in an attempt to develop this comparison with the international style that emerged from the theories and implementations of modern architecture, and to investigate the role of modern technologies in producing its forms. The paper ends with a general conclusion that demonstrates the possibility of presenting parametric architecture and its products globally as a second international style, though currently in the stage of formation, as its fundamental principles are based on the idea of renewal and revolutionary rejection of all that has preceded it; thus, the repetition of these attempts results from dealing with the same theoretical principles and standards imposed by the techniques that produced the contemporary architectural form.
An investigation of the relationship between surface albedo and urban cover types in a semi-arid region
Authors: Hamoodi Mustafa N , Mahdi Zainab R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surface albedo, is a key parameter controlling the local energy budget, which in turn plays an important role in mitigating the effect of urban heat islands. This paper aimed to examine the relationship of surface albedo to major land cover categories, which include built-up areas, green covers, water bodies, and bare land. This study provides a new approach by using a 30 m spatial resolution of Landsat data over the study area, Baghdad, and relating surface albedo to the metrics of four biophysical parameters: Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalised Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalised Difference Build-up Index (NDBI) and Normalised Difference Barren Index (NDBaI). A linear regression was generated to assess the correlation of surface albedo with these four biophysical parameters, and the results showed a strong positive correlation between surface albedo and both NDBI, and the NDBal (r = 0.62 and r = 0.95, respectively), and a moderate correlation with NDVI (r = 0.4). There was also a strong negative correlation of surface albedo with MNDWI (r = – 0.81).