bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirements for 5G Integrated Data Transfer in German Prehospital Emergency Care
Authors: Gaebel Jan , Bockelmann Carsten , Dekorsy Armin , Wendlandt Robert , Musiol Torsten , Neumann Juliane , Neumuth Thomas , Rockstroh Max 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Data from preclinical emergency care is often not available in an integrated, electronic way. Data flow between ambulances and trauma centers lacks a communication approach that allows for efficient aggregation, transmission and reuse. We present the results of the requirement analysis for 5G-supported emergency care scenarios. With the illustarted requirements and derived structural consequences, we conclude with a proposal that will allow us to provide mechanisms and technologies to enable integrated emergency communication for preclinical care using modern communication technologies.
Telemedical consultation for remote islands
Authors: Dölger Lukas , Wendlandt Robert , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten , Renzing Niels 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The following work gives an overview of telemedical consultation in emergencies based on a research project. A telemedical centre located at a university hospital offers medical expertise for rural islands independent from place, time and urgency. Medical employees on the islands were relieved in matters of responsibilities and received medical support whenever it is necessary. Results from the projects mid-term evaluation compare the innovative concept with the conventional approach.
Requirement Analysis for an Aerial Relay in Emergency Response Missions
Authors: Gruner Jonas , Bloße Albrecht , Rockstroh Max , Neumuth Thomas , Rostalski Philipp 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
First aid of patients at the scene of an emergency requires an adequate flow of information. The publicly funded research project MOMENTUM aims at seamlessly connecting the point of care to the hospital. An unmanned aerial vehicle serving as a network relay may help in cases of limited or no mobile wireless connection, e.g. due to topographical circumstances. The aerial system may also provide situational awareness in cases of mass casualty incidents. For these two defined use-cases, safety and stability considerations are discussed, and required flight times and payloads are defined. The relay can be connected to the ground via a cable or wireless connection. It is concluded that the use-cases can be realized best when using a multicopter-either combined with a cable for independent flight times and reliable data communication or a wireless solution to mitigate the risk from the increased payload while limiting flight time. For the first option, the payload of the aircraft should be adjusted to ensure the power consumption in hover matches the power limitation of the cable.
Investigating the influence of dielectric pads in 7T magnetic resonance imaging – simulated and experimental assessment
Authors: Garcia Maíra M. , Chaim Khallil T. , Otaduy Maria C. G. , Rennings Andreas , Erni Daniel , Vatanchi Maryam , Zylka Waldemar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dipole radiofrequency (RF) elements have been successfully used to compose multi-channel RF coils for ultrahigh fields (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As magnetic components of RF fields (B1) can be very inhomogeneous at UHF (B0≥7T), dielectric pads with high dielectric constants were proposed to improve the B1 efficiency and homogeneity [1]. Dielectric pads can be used as a passive B1 shimmimg technique thanks to inducing a strong secondary magnetic field in their vicinity. The use of such dielectric pads affect not only the B1 field but also the electric field. This in turn affects the specific absorption rate (SAR) and consequently the temperature distribution inside the patient’s body. To study these effects, a 29 cm-long transmission dipole RF coil element terminated by two meander was used for 7T MRI [2]. Using a cylindrical agarose-gel phantom, numerical and experimental results were analyzed with respect to homogeneity and amplitude of the magnetic and electric fields generated by the RF element in various configurations with and without dielectric pads. Calculated and measured B1 results were cross-checked and found to be in good agreement. When using dielectric pads B1 homogeneity and magnitude increase in regions where it was previously weak or insufficient. Calculations suggest that SAR distribution will change when using the pads.
Deep-learning based reconstruction of the stomach from monoscopic video data
Authors: Hackner Ralf , Raithel Martin , Lehmann Edgar , Wittenberg Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the gastroscopic examination of the stomach, the restricted field of view related to the „keyhole“-perspective of the endoscope is known to be a visual limitation. Thus, a panoramic extension can enlarge the field of vision, supports the endoscopist during the examination, and ensures that all of the inner stomach walls are visually inspected. To compute such a panorama of the stomach, knowledge about the geometry of the underlying structure is required. Structure from motion an approach to reconstruct the necessary information about the 3D-structure from monocular image sequences as provided by a gastroscope. We examine and evaluate an existing deep neuronal network for stereo reconstruction, in order to approximate the geometry of stomach parts from a set of consecutive acquired image pairs from gastroscopic videos.
Estimating regional pulmonary blood flow in EIT with regularized deconvolution with a Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Augustin Xenia , Kircher Michael , Dössel Olaf , Stender Birgit , Bluth Thomas , Gama de Abreu Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a clinically used tool for bed-side monitoring of ventilation. Previous work also showed a high potential for lung perfusion monitoring with indicator-enhanced EIT. However, many research questions have yet to be answered before it can be broadly applied in clinical everyday life. The goal of this work is to evaluate a new method to improve EIT perfusion measurements. Pulmonary hemodynamic transfer functions were estimated using regularized deconvolution with Tikhonov regularization to estimate spatial perfusion parameters. The final comparison between EIT images and PET scans showed a median correlation of 0.897 for the images which were reconstructed using the regularized deconvolution. In comparison the previously used maximum slope method led to a median correlation of 0.868.
Evaluation of the Impact of Static Interference on an Empirical Data Based Static Magnetic Localization Setup for Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Zeising Samuel , Anzai Daisuke , Thalmayer Angelika , Fischer Georg , Kirchner Jens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the impact of interference due to the geomagnetic field on a static magnetic localization setup for capsule endoscopy, which is suitable for a wearable application, was investigated. For this purpose, a study was carried out in which the average abdomen size of 15 subjects was evaluated. With the determined geometry values, a setup consisting of three elliptical sensor rings was modeled. Simulations were performed, where the magnetic flux density was evaluated at the sensors by using different-sized magnets. The measured values were compared with each other and the geomagnetic flux density. The results revealed that the measured values were for all evaluated magnet sizes of the order of the geomagnetic flux density, which is problematic since the calibration of sensors is no longer valid if the orientation of the wearable sensor array is changed. However, it is suggested that a differential measurement is suitable for the proposed system and could reduce static interference caused by the geomagnetic field.
Sensitivity analysis of FDA´s benchmark nozzle regarding in vitro imperfections - Do we need asymmetric CFD benchmarks?
Authors: Stiehm Michael , Brandt-Wunderlich Christoph , Siewert Stefan , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels , Goubergrits Leonid , Kühne Titus , Poon Eric K. W. , Ooi Andrew , Barlis Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Modern technologies and methods such as computer simulation, so-called in silico methods, foster the development of medical devices. For accelerating the uptake of computer simulations and to increase credibility and reliability the U.S. Food and Drug Administration organized an inter-laboratory round robin study of a generic nozzle geometry. In preparation of own bench testing experiment using Particle Image Velocimetry, a custom made silicone nozzle was manufactured. By using in silico computational fluid dynamics method the influence of in vitro imperfections, such as inflow variations and geometrical deviations, on the flow field were evaluated. Based on literature the throat Reynolds number was varied Rethroat = 500 ± 50. It could be shown that the flow field errors resulted from variations of inlet conditions can be largely eliminated by normalizing if the Reynolds number is known. Furthermore, a symmetric imperfection of the silicone model within manufacturing tolerance does not affect the flow as much as an asymmetric failure such as an unintended curvature of the nozzle. In brief, we can conclude that geometrical imperfection of the reference experiment should be considered accordingly to in silico modelling. The question arises, if an asymmetric benchmark for biofluid analysis needs to be established. An eccentric nozzle benchmark could be a suitable case and will be further investigated.
Reduced order method for finite difference modeling of cardiac propagation
Authors: Khan Riasat , Shahebul Hasan Shahebul Hasan , Ng Kwong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Efficient numerical simulation of cardiac electrophysiology is crucial for studying the electrical properties of the heart tissue. The cardiac bidomain model is the most widely accepted representation of the electrical behaviour of the heart muscle. The bidomain model offers fast cardiac potential variation, which can lead to high computational cost due to the required large grid sizes and small time steps. In this paper, the complexity of the finite difference approximation of the bidomain equations is reduced with the model order reduction technique. Proper orthogonal decomposition, a projection-based algorithm, is used to efficiently approximate the original high fidelity cardiac bidomain model with a low-dimensional system of equations. The low-dimensional basis functions are computed first from the ‘snapshots,’ which contain the solutions of the full-order system for different temporal and spatial parameters. Galerkin projection of the original cardiac bidomain system onto the subspace of the reduced order basis functions reduces the size of the linear system. Numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed reduced order modeling technique, reducing the simulation time by a factor of 9.54, while maintaining an RMS error of 0.769 mV between the original full order solution and the reduced order POD solution.
Analysis and visualisation of tremor dynamics in deep brain stimulation patients
Authors: Bremm Rene Peter , Koch Klaus Peter , Krüger Rejko , Gonçalves Jorge , Hertel Frank 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for movement disorders such as in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Adjusting the stimulation parameters, however, is a labour-intensive process and often requires several patient visits. Physicians prefer objective tools to improve (or maintain) the performance in DBS. Wearable motion sensors (WMS) are able to detect some manifestations of pathological signs, such as tremor in PD. However, the interpretation of sensor data is often highly technical and methods to visualise tremor data of patients undergoing DBS in a clinical setting are lacking. This work aims to visualise the dynamics of tremor responses to DBS parameter changes with WMS while patients performing clinical hand movements. To this end, we attended DBS programming sessions of two patients with the aim to visualise certain aspects of the clinical examination. PD tremor and ET were effectively quantified by acceleration amplitude and frequency. Tremor dynamics were analysed and visualised based on setpoints, movement transitions and stability aspects. These methods have not yet been employed and examples demonstrate how tremor dynamics can be visualised with simple analysis techniques. We therefore provide a base for future research work on visualisation tools in order to assist clinicians who frequently encounter patients for DBS therapy. This could lead to benefits in terms of enhanced evaluation of treatment efficacy in the future.
Automatic Classification of the Movements of Directed and Undirected Subviral Particles
Authors: Kaak Michelle , Rausch Andreas , Schanze Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of drugs against pathogens that cause hemorrhagic fever, such as Marburg and Ebola virus, requires researchers to gather much information about the virus. The accelerating of the research process is of great interest; therefore a new algorithm was developed to analyze intracellular processes. The algorithm will classify the motion characteristics of subviral particles in fluorescence microscopic image sequences of Ebola or Marburg virusinfected cells. The classification is based on the calculation of mean squared displacement. The results look promising to distinguish different particle tracks in active and passive transport. The paper ends with a discussion.
Protein Adsorption Hysteresis and Transient States of Fibrinogen and BMP-2 as Model Mechanisms for Proteome-Binding to Implants
Authors: Jennissen H. P , Dohle Daniel S. , Zmbrink Thomas , Meißner Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Protein adsorption studies returned to the focus of medical therapeutics, when it was found that up to 2500 non-plasma proteins adsorbed to hip implants during arthroplastic surgery, challenging peri-implant healing models. Questions have re-emerged as to the implications of uncontrolled protein unfolding after adsorption. In past studies on the cooperativity of protein binding we discovered protein adsorption hysteresis, a thermodynamically irreversible process. The present precursory study comprises real-time kinetic (TIRF-Rheometry) and equilibrium (125I-tracer ) studies on the hysteretic binding of fibrinogen and rhBMP-2 to titanium and glass surfaces via transient states. Thermodynamic constants (GOn), as well as kinetically derived (K'A ) and hysteresis derived (K'HA ) association constants in the range of 106 to 1012 M-1lead to a consistent picture.
Development of UV-Reactive Electrospinning Method Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Crosslinking
Authors: Huling Jennifer , Lyko Beate , Illner Sabine , Fiedler Nicklas , Grabow Niels , Teske Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrospinning is a popular method for creating nonwoven fiber materials for a wide variety of applications. In the field of biomaterials, electrospun materials are favoured because of a high surface-to-volume ratio which can be useful for drug loading and release, and because nanoscale fibers mimic native tissue structures, improving cell interactions. However limitations exist with regards to traditional solvent evaporation-based electrospinning techniques. A new area of research into reactive electrospinning is investigating methods of electrospinning that rely on in situ crosslinking rather than solvent evaporation to stabilize fibers. These techniques can potentially reduce the waste of excess solvents and make it easier to electrospin water soluble polymers. In this work, UV photocrosslinked PEGDA is evaluated as a material for reactive electrospinning. To facilitate the electrospinning process poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PEGDA/PVA solutions can be successfully electrospun under constant UV light exposure to initiate the crosslinking of the PEGDA. Reactive electrospun fibers appear more stable immediately after spinning and after washing with water, indicating successful photo crosslinking.
Comparison of Resistive and Optical Strain Measurement for Early Fracture Detection
Authors: Carabello Alina , Neupetsch Constanze , Werner Michael , Rotsch Christian , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Zajonz Dirk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To increase learning success in surgical training, physical simulators are supplemented by measurement technology to generate and record objective feedback and error detection. An opportunity to detect fractures following hip stem implantation early can be measurement of occurring strains on bone surface. These strains can be determined while using strain gauges, digital image correlation (DIC) or photoelasticity. In this research strain gauges and DIC were compared regarding their suitability as strain measurement tools for use in physical simulators. Therefore a testing method was described to replicate the implantation of a hip stem. Testing devices modelled on a realistic prosthesis were pressed into prepared porcine femora in a two-step procedure with a material testing machine. The local strains occurring on bone surface were determined using an optical measurement system for DIC and strain gauges. The initial fractures in the tested femora are located medial-anterior in most cases (73,6%). With increasing indentation depth of the test device, the strains on bone surface increase. Comparing the local strains determined by DIC and strain gauges consistencies in curves are noticeable. Maximal determined strains before fracturing amount to 0,69% with strain gauges and 0,75% with DIC. In the range of the fracture gap, strain gradients are determined by using DIC. However the detected surfaces are of low quality caused by gaps and motion artefacts. The results show strains on bone surfaces for early fracture detection are measurable with strain gauges and DIC. DIC is assessed as less suitable compared to strain gauges. Furthermore strain gauges have greater level of integration and economic efficiency, so they are preferred the use in surgical training simulators.
Dual-Lead 55 mm Impedance Pneumography
Authors: Klum Michael , Urban Mike , Pielmus Alexandru-Gabriel , Orglmeister Reinhold 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, respiratory monitoring has gained attention due to the high prevalence and severe consequences of sleep apnea, post-anesthesia respiratory instability and respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, respiratory monitoring oftentimes relies on obtrusive masks and belts, which are unsuitable for wearable, long-term monitoring. Impedance pneumography (IP) is a bioimpedance method aiming to assess respiratory parameters unobtrusively. However, most IP configurations require far-spaced electrodes. Based on our recent work on wearable IP, we propose a dual-lead, wearable IP setup with 55 mm electrode spacing to estimate respiratory flow and rate (RR). Using our recently presented multimodal patch stethoscope as well as commercial systems, we conducted a study including 10 healthy subjects which were recorded in the supine, lateral and prone position. Using time-delay neural networks, we achieved RR estimation errors below 0.6 breaths per minute and flow correlations of 0.88 with relative errors of 25 % to a pneumotachometer reference. We conclude that dual-lead IP increases the performance of respiratory signal estimation compared to a single lead and recommend research in the area of subject position dependency and movement artefacts.
Novel flexible endoscope concept with swiveling camera tip
Authors: Boese Axel , Arens Christoph , Friebe Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Endoscopy is an important modality in medical imaging. Thin flexible endoscopes are for example used to examine the upper airways, for gastroscopy procedures or lung inspection. With standard flexible endoscopes one can change the direction of view by bending the tip with the disadvantage of large space required due to the bending radius. With first experiences of a concept of a moveable camera head on the tip of rigid endoscopes, we now propose a novel design employing a swiveling camera for flexible endoscopes. This concept is based on the use of a shape memory wire used to control the movement of the camera, a flexible plastic flap joint for tight rotation and flexible printed circuits for the electronic connection. The prototype was realized in a first low cost setup using a 5,5 mm HD chip on the tip camera with LED light. The motion and imaging performance of the prototype allowed swiveling of the camera on the endoscope tip from straight view to 100° side view. The space needed in fully rotation was limited to 9mm with an overall diameter of the endoscope in straight view of only 5,6mm, but could even be further reduced in a more professional setup. The image quality is good, but close-up views appear blurry due to the fixed focus point of the low-cost camera. The presented steering concept of the camera is promising, as it could potentially improve imaging of narrow cavities using flexible endoscopes. Especially for “in office” examinations this principle could add value to diagnosis and patient comfort.
Medical Device Regulation and current challenges for the implementation of new technologies
Authors: Kaule Sebastian , Bock Andrea , Dierke Ariane , Siewert Stefan , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Stiehm Michael , Klar Ernst , Leuchter Matthias , Lenarz Thomas , Zygmunt Marek , Schmidt Wolfram , Grabow Niels 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The European Parliament and the European Council on May 26, 2017 decided to introduce the new regulatory framework for medical devices. The transitional period of the so called Medical Device Regulation (EU 2017/745, MDR) should end on May 26, 2020. Currently the European Commission is working on a proposal to postpone the application for one year to relieve pressure from all stakeholders allowing them to fully focus on priorities related to the coronavirus crisis. From this date or most likely from May 26, 2021, manufacturers must present a CE-certificate according to the new MDR requirements not only for novel medical devices, but also for approved medical devices which are already on the market. The MDR will significantly complicate the process of bringing medical devices into market due to the increased requirements for the CE-certification process, particularly concerning increased documentation effort. This involves a risk for the translation of innovative products due to an overload of the overall system (manufacturers, Notified Bodies, experts) and might lead to shrinkage of the product range of existing products. Thankfully, adaption of transitional periods, special regulations, extensions of deadlines and most probably postponement of the MDR application date will ensure that there will be no gaps in medical supply that endanger patients. Establishing and keeping the relevant regulatory expertise up to date and devoting the necessary financial, time and human resources that is the biggest immediate challenge the medium-sized medical technology sector is facing in the near future. The current article, written about one month before the initially expected end of the first transition period on May 26, 2020, summarized the main aspects of the current state of MDR implementation with respect to regulatory novelties, the current legal basis in Germany, transition periods and changes in the requirements of CE-certification relevant technical documentation. Furthermore, challenges for existing and innovative medical devices were shortly discussed using a new stent based therapy of the proximal Fallopian tubal stenosis and transcatheter aortic valve implantation as two examples.