bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Environmentally Benign, Catalyst‐Free N−C Bond Cleavage/Formation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Unactivated Amides
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Dhawan Sanjeev , Girase Pankaj Sanjay , Singh Parvesh , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, we report an operationally simple, cheap, and catalyst‐free method for the transamidation of a diverse range of unactivated amides furnishing the desired products in excellent yields. This protocol is environmentally friendly and operates under extremely mild conditions without using any promoter or additives. Significantly, this strategy has been implied in the chemoselective synthesis of a pharmaceutical molecule, paracetamol, on a gram‐scale with excellent yield. We anticipate that this universally applicable strategy will be of great interest in drug discovery, biochemistry, and organic synthesis.
Pain catastrophizing mediates rapid benefits of accessing in‐person chiropractic care during the COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Gevers‐Montoro Carlos , Deldar Zoha , Conesa‐Buendía Francisco Miguel , Lazar Eric Arthur , Mahillo‐Fernandez Ignacio , Khatibi Ali , Ortega de Mues Arantxa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic forced the Spanish government to declare a state of emergency. A stringent lockdown was enforced, restricting access to healthcare services, including chiropractic. Reduced access to care provision in combination with psychological stress, social isolation and physical inactivity during the lockdown were shown to negatively influence pain conditions. However, data on strategies to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on these conditions are lacking.MethodsUpon easing of restrictions in May 2020, 51 chiropractic clinics throughout Spain pseudo‐randomly invited patients, recruiting a total of 385 participants. During a 14‐day period, participants were exposed to in‐person chiropractic care in either one (n = 177) or multiple encounters (n = 109) or to no care (n = 99). The effects of access to chiropractic care on patients’ pain‐related and psychological outcomes were assessed online through validated self‐reported questionnaires before and after the period of care. Coprimary outcomes included pain intensity, pain interference and pain cognitions.ResultsWhen comparing to participants without access to care, pain intensity and interference were significantly decreased at follow‐up, irrespective of the number of encounters. Kinesiophobia was also significantly reduced at follow‐up, though only after multiple encounters. The relationship between fear of movement, changes in pain intensity and interference was mediated by catastrophizing.ConclusionAccess to in‐person chiropractic care may provide pain relief, associated with reductions in interference and pain cognitions. Prioritizing in‐person care for patients with maladaptive pain cognitions may help dampen the detrimental consequences of the pandemic on physical and psychological well‐being.
Graphene Quantum Dot‐poly(L‐lysine)‐gold Nanoparticles Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine and Serotonin
Authors: Şimşek Nazlı , Tığ Gözde Aydoğdu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA nanocomposite consists of AuNPs, GQD, and poly(L‐lysine) was prepared for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) neurotransmitters which are of vital importance in neurological disorders. The P(L‐Lys) GQD was successfully obtained a one‐step co‐electrodeposition of GQD and L‐Lys on the PGE. The electrochemical behaviors of DA and 5‐HT were analyzed via DPV and CV. LOD values for DA and 5‐HT were calculated as 0.03 μM and 0.017 μM, respectively. Also, the DA and 5‐HT contents were determined at the PGE/AuNPs/P(L‐Lys)‐GQD in fetal bovine serum samples and pharmaceutical formulations, and high recovery values were obtained.
ZnS Nanoparticles‐decorated Composite Graphene Paper: A Novel Flexible Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Erçarıkcı Elif , Aksu Zeriş , Topçu Ezgi , Kıranşan Kader Dağcı 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDopamine (DA) is a significant catecholamine neurotransmitter in human metabolism, and DA is related to several critical illnesses. Accurate detection of DA is important to diagnose these diseases. Here, we demonstrated a flexible electrochemical sensor, ZnS nanoparticles decorated composite graphene paper electrode (CGPE), for the detection of DA. CGPE was prepared via mold‐casting method using ZnS/graphene oxide dispersion followed by thermal reduction treatment. The characterization of the flexible CGPE was investigated through various techniques. The electrochemical tests were carried out to study the electrocatalytic properties of CGPE against DA oxidation. Compared to graphene paper electrode (GPE), the oxidation of DA occurred at about 250 mV lower potential on CGPE, and peak current density increased about 2 times. Our sensor exhibited high sensitivity in linear range of 0.1–2300 μM of DA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0042 μM. Furthermore, CGPE has selectively detected DA even in the medium containing AA and UA which are biologically active interfering molecules. Besides, the sensor showed many attractive properties such as high durability, stability, and reproducibility and it was successfully applied for the determination of DA in real samples for practical applications.
Bedload infilling and depositional patterns in chute cutoffs channels of a gravel‐bed river: The Ain River, France
Authors: Szewczyk Leo , Grimaud Jean‐Louis , Cojan Isabelle , Piegay Herve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough abandoned channels are common and identifiable features in alluvial plains, their detailed internal architecture remains overlooked, particularly their coarse permeable compartment, with implications for underground water flow. The actively shifting gravel‐bed Ain River (France) provides an opportunity to study the geometry and architecture of bedload deposits (plug) during channel disconnection, in relation to river discharge and planform evolution. In this study, combined geomorphic and grain‐size surveys were conducted on the bedload deposits associated with the closure phase of four cutoff channels. We find that bedload accumulates mainly through (i) the initiation of a bar at the mouth of the abandoned channel in the flow separation zone, which reduces flow connectivity; (ii) lateral accretion of coarse‐grained bars, resulting in channel narrowing downstream of the initial upstream bar; and (iii) merging of coarse‐grained longitudinal bars—anchored to the initial plug bar. The channel plug progrades downstream until occupying ca. 0.5–0.7 times the channel surface and then starts thickening. We also find that channel plug volume is controlled by sediment supply and channel inherited topography, which are partially controlled by the dynamics of neighbouring channel bends.
Efficient and anonymous multi‐message and multi‐receiver electronic health records sharing scheme without secure channel based on blockchain
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Li Xixi , Li Ting , Wang Xiuxiu , Wang Caifen , Li Baohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sharing of electronic health records (EHR) helps the patients increase the accuracy of treatment, while promoting the development of the hospital and the research of medical field compared to traditional paper‐based medical records. However, due to the sensitivity of medical data and the difference of the standard about EHR, it is likely to lead to some security problems such as the leakage of patient's privacy and the difficulty of data sharing. To accomplish the secure storage and effective sharing of EHR, we propose an efficient and anonymous multi‐message and multi‐receiver EHR sharing scheme without secure channel based on blockchain (BEAMMRS). We use blockchain technology and cloud server to store EHR together, which ensures the security and immutability. Moreover, we combine certificateless public key cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to solve the certificate management burden and key escrow problems. Our scheme utilizes multi‐message and multi‐receiver signcryption algorithm to enable medical data providers to send different messages to multiple data requesters by executing one signcryption operation, which satisfies the multi‐message sending requirements of the data providers in the communication environment. Meanwhile, the key generation center (KGC) sends the pseudo partial private key to the data user through the public channel. Only the authorized data user can successfully find out the real partial private key, which avoids the key leakage and economic cost caused by the secure channel. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed BEAMMRS scheme meets stronger security and higher computational efficiency than other similar schemes.
A large chromosomal inversion shapes gene expression in seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida)
Authors: Berdan Emma L. , Mérot Claire , Pavia Henrik , Johannesson Kerstin , Wellenreuther Maren , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInversions often underlie complex adaptive traits, but the genic targets inside them are largely unknown. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful way to link inversions with their phenotypic consequences. We examined the effects of the Cf-Inv(1) inversion in the seaweed fly Coelopa frigida on gene expression variation across sexes and life stages. Our analyses revealed that Cf-Inv(1) shapes global expression patterns, most likely via linked variation, but the extent of this effect is variable, with much stronger effects in adults than larvae. Furthermore, within adults, both common as well as sex-specific patterns were found. The vast majority of these differentially expressed genes mapped to Cf-Inv(1). However, genes that were differentially expressed in a single context (i.e., in males, females, or larvae) were more likely to be located outside of Cf-Inv(1). By combining our findings with genomic scans for environmentally associated SNPs, we were able to pinpoint candidate variants in the inversion that may underlie mechanistic pathways that determine phenotypes. Together the results of this study, combined with previous findings, support the notion that the polymorphic Cf-Inv(1) inversion in this species is a major factor shaping both coding and regulatory variation resulting in highly complex adaptive effects.
Green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) prevents high‐fat diet‐induced obesity by activating fat browning
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Qiyang , Zhai Xiuming , Wang Dan , Hou Yujia , Tang Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdipose browning leads to increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity and has, therefore, become an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity. In this study, we elucidated the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) on the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (Ing‐WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. The main phytochemical components identified in GTAE through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) included (−)‐gallocatechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐catechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, caffeine, (−)‐epicatechin, (−)‐gallocatechin gallate, and (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate. Daily supplementation with 1% GTAE for 12 weeks markedly reduced bodyweight gain, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, histological analysis revealed that dietary supplementation with 1% GTAE reversed HFD‐induced adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis. These effects were associated with activation of browning in the Ing‐WAT and BAT, which mediate systemic metabolic dysfunction in HFD‐fed mice. Taken together, our data support the use of GTAE, a natural product, for the attenuation of obesity through the activation of fat browning.
The effects of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers
Authors: Zaker‐Esteghamati Hossein , Seidavi Alireza , Bouyeh Mehrdad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effects of adding Cynara scolymus (CS) and Silybum marianum (SM) dry extract to the diet of broiler chickens, a 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Ten one‐day‐old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in each replicate. Experimental treatments included two levels of supplemental CS and MS, 250 and 500 mg/kg of dry extract of CS and SM, which were used in combination with a basal diet for 42 days. The 42‐day trial was divided into 3 periods, 1–10 days, 11–24 days, and 25–42 days of age. The data were statistically analyzed using SAS software and means differences were tested for significance using Duncan's multiple‐range test. The results showed that the effect of the experimental treatments was not significant on growth performance in the entire period (1–42 days), carcass characteristics, and weight of immunity organs. Feed cost per kilogram of live weight increased with supplemental of CS and SM (p < .01). Significant effects of CS and SM supplements were observed on antibody titer against influenza virus at 28 and 42 days and also on antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 35 and 42 days. Feeding 500 mg/kg of both CS and SM in the diet of broilers resulted in the highest villus height and width, crypt depth, and percentage of oleic and linolenic acids. The results of the present study suggest that feeding 250 and 500 mg/kg of dry extract of CS and SM in the diet may have positive effects on the traits studied, but to save feed costs, only250 mg/kg is recommended.
Associations between depressive symptom clusters and care utilization and costs among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Zhang Yan , Liu Tianyin , Leung Dara K. Y. , Kwok Wai‐Wai , Luo Hao , Tang Jennifer , Wong Gloria H. Y. , Lum Terry Y. S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesWhether and how symptom clusters are associated with care utilization remains understudied. This study aims to investigate the economic impact of symptom clusters.MethodsWe conducted cross‐sectional analyses of data collected from 3255 older adults aged 60 years and over in Hong Kong using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and the Client Service Receipt Inventory to measure depressive symptoms and service utilization to calculate 1‐year care expenditure. Based on Research Domain Criteria framework, we categorized depressive symptoms into four clusters: Negative Valance Systems and Externalizing (NVSE; anhedonia and depression), Negative Valance Systems and Internalizing (guilt and self‐harm), Arousal and Regulatory Systems (sleep, fatigue, and appetite), and Cognitive and Sensorimotor Systems (CSS; concentration and psychomotor). Two‐part models were used with four symptom clusters to estimate economic impacts on care utilization.ResultsCore affective symptoms had the largest economic impact on non‐psychiatric care expenditure; a one‐point increase in NVSE was associated with USD$ 571 additional non‐psychiatric care expenditure. The economic impacts of CSS on non‐psychiatric care expenditure was attenuated when the severity level of NVSE was higher.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of understanding economic impacts on care utilization based on symptom profiles with a particular emphasis on symptom combinations. Policymakers should optimize care allocation based on older adults' depressive symptom profiles rather than simply considering their depression sum‐score or the severity defined by cut‐off points.
Bmal1 regulates production of larger lipoproteins by modulating cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein H and apolipoprotein AIV
Authors: Pan Xiaoyue , Hussain M. Mahmood 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
High plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels are risk factors for various metabolic diseases. We previously showed that circadian rhythms regulate plasma lipids and deregulation of these rhythms causes hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we show that global and liver‐specific brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like 1 (Bmal1)‐deficient mice maintained on a chow or Western diet developed hyperlipidemia, denoted by the presence of higher amounts of triglyceride‐rich and apolipoprotein AIV (ApoAIV)‐rich larger chylomicron and VLDL due to overproduction.

Approach and Results
Bmal1 deficiency decreased small heterodimer partner (Shp) and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key protein that facilitates primordial lipoprotein assembly and secretion. Moreover, we show that Bmal1 regulates cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein H (Crebh) to modulate ApoAIV expression and the assembly of larger lipoproteins. This is supported by the observation that Crebh‐deficient and ApoAIV‐deficient mice, along with Bmal1‐deficient mice with knockdown of Crebh, had smaller lipoproteins. Further, overexpression of Bmal1 in Crebh‐deficient mice had no effect on ApoAIV expression and lipoprotein size.

Conclusions
These studies indicate that regulation of ApoAIV and assembly of larger lipoproteins by Bmal1 requires Crebh. Mechanistic studies showed that Bmal1 regulates Crebh expression by two mechanisms. First, Bmal1 interacts with the Crebh promoter to control circadian regulation. Second, Bmal1 increases Rev‐erbα expression, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (Nr1D1, Rev‐erbα) interacts with the Crebh promoter to repress expression. In short, Bmal1 modulates both the synthesis of primordial lipoproteins and their subsequent expansion into larger lipoproteins by regulating two different proteins, MTP and ApoAIV, through two different transcription factors, Shp and Crebh. It is likely that disruptions in circadian mechanisms contribute to hyperlipidemia and that avoiding disruptions in circadian rhythms may limit/prevent hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
New Access Routes to Privileged and Chiral Ligands for Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Hydrogen Autotransfer (Borrowing Hydrogen), Dehydrogenative Condensation, and Alkene Isomerization Reactions
Authors: Koller Sebastian , Klein Philippe , Reinhardt Katja , Ochmann Lukas , Seitz Antonia , Jandl Christian , Pöthig Alexander , Hintermann Lukas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA group of transition‐metal catalyzed hydrogen moving reactions, encompassing hydrogen autotransfer (HAT; also called borrowing hydrogen, BH), dehydrogenative condensation (DHC) and alkene isomerization, displays high atom economy and relies on widely available starting materials. Such reactions have considerable potential for clean reaction design and application in sustainable synthesis. With the aim to develop and study synthetic applications of the title reactions, we have set up synthetic access routes to a toolbox of structurally varied ligands for and pincer complexes of some transition metals (cobalt, ruthenium, iridium) that are well established for the title reactions. Ligand target structures, for which often improved syntheses have been found, encompass 6,6’‐dihydroxy‐2,2’‐bipyridine, 2(3‐hydroxyphenyl)pyridines (as backbones for PCN pincers), 2(6‐methylpyridine‐2‐yl)pyridines (as backbones for PNN pincers) and 2(3‐tolyl)pyridines (as backbones for PCN pincers). To support research towards asymmetric versions of the title reactions, we have prepared asymmetrically modified versions of well‐established catalysts, including chiral, enantiopure versions of Milstein’s PNN‐ruthenium pincer, Kempe’s triazinyl‐diaminophosphanyl PNP‐iridium‐ or ‐cobalt pincers, Huang’s PCN‐iridium pincers, and Grotjahn’s alkene zipper complex. The strategy applied to ‘chiral switching’ relied on replacing symmetric dialkylphosphine donor‐groups by dimenthylphosphine or aryl(menthyl)phosphine donor units. The resulting ligands or complexes have been structurally characterized, and the catalytic potential of the catalysts has been established in exploratory model reactions (transfer hydrogenation; diol to lactone dehydrogenative condensation; alkene isomerization). Several model reactions have been designed which will allow to study asymmetric catalytic hydrogen moving reactions.
The Influence of Supersaturation and the Presence of Biuret on the Nucleation, Growth and Morphology of Urea Crystallised from Ethanolic Solutions
Authors: Rizvi Aatika K. , Roberts Kevin J. , Izumi Toshiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe influence of biuret, a degradation impurity, on the crystallisability, nucleation, growth and morphology of urea, is examined as a function of supersaturation in ethanolic solutions, through a combination of polythermal turbidometry assessment and optical microscopy measurements, complemented by molecular modelling.The inclusion of a small amount of impurity is found to increase the stability of supersaturated solutions through widening the metastable zone width. Polythermal analysis of crystallisation and dissolution on‐sets as a function of cooling and heating rate, respectively, is found to be concentration‐dependent associated with both the pure and doped systems, with the nucleation mechanism changing from progressive to instantaneous with increasing solute concentration. The addition of biuret significantly increases nucleation rate when compared to the pure system, from 9.2–20.5 to 9.3–67.7 nm−3 s−1, along with a decrease in the critical nucleus size, as would be consistent with the impurity promoting nucleation i. e. resulting in more nuclei and smaller crystals.The crystal habit of urea in ethanolic solutions is found to be dominated by the prismatic {110} faces, and smaller polar {111} capping faces. The mean crystal growth rates of these faces are found to increase with respect to supersaturation, with the {111} faces exhibiting a greater level of increase than {110}, consistent with stronger solvent binding which restricts the growth of the {110} face. The addition of biuret is found to have a greater effect on retarding the growth of {111} compared to {110}, resulting in a more compact and equant morphology. These results are rationalised with computational visualisation and modelling of the surface chemistry of the crystal habit planes together with the energetics of the impurity binding to them.