bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACDF Using a Zero Profile Cage Plate for The Management Of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease, Early Experience From A Middle Eastern Tertiary Hospital.
Authors: Ramadan Tamer , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Basiony Morsy , Abdelkarim Mahmoud , Abdellatif Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Management of cervical disc degenerative diseases through anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) using various implants had been reported, a Zero-p device used as a stand-alone cage plate in ACDF was introduced to offer higher safety and efficacy. In the current prospective cohort study, we aimed at reporting our early experience from a Middle Eastern tertiary hospital after using the Zero profile cage plate in the management of degenerative cervical disc diseases through ACDF by reporting the clinical, radiological outcomes as well as the incidence of complications. Methods: Thirty patients (16 male and 14 female) with a mean age of 47.9 ±10.9 underwent ACDF with Zero-p implant, a total of 43 operated levels (one level in 20 patients, double levels in 7, and multi-levels in 3). Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to VAS to measure the neck and radicular arm pain and neck disability index (NDI). Radiographic bony fusion was assessed according to Pitzen criteria, any perioperative complications were reported, and the presence of dysphagia was assessed according to the Bazaz-Yoo dysphagia index. Results: At a mean follow up of 14.4 ± 2.3 months, all patients obtained radiographic bony fusion, all patients had a significant reduction of neck and radicular arm pain with a mean VAS score of 7.33 and 8.70 preoperatively to 1.73 and 0.27 at 12 months follow-up respectively (p<0.0001), and reduction of NDI from 68.87% preoperatively to 8.60% at 12 months follow-up (p<0.0001). None had dysphagia after six months postoperatively; one patient developed back-out of one of the implant screws that was extracted, and otherwise, no other implant-related complications. Conclusion: the Zero-p implant is a valid alternative to anterior cervical plating after ACDF with a very low incidence of chronic dysphagia and implant-related complications.Level of Evidence Ⅳ
Experimental Study of Vibration Signal for a Prognostic System to Prevent Tool Breakage in Micro Gun Drilling
Authors: Hsu Li-Yu , Lu Ming-Chyuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Unexpected drill breakage can be foreseen and prevented. We observed a factory and identified the warning signs of tool breakage for micro gundrills, as well as a laboratory experiment for micro drills. The vibrations of stable drilling and the vibrations that warn of tool breakage were analyzed based on the time and frequency domain features. We developed a prognostic model. We conducted physical drilling experiments on a Swiss turning machine and a laboratory research platform. Stainless steel was drilled with two types of 0.9-mm-diameter tools: 125-mm-long micro gundrills on Swiss turning machine and 25-mm-long micro drills. In both types of testing, two accelerometers were installed on the tool holder to collect two-directional vibration signals; a linear discriminant function processed the Z-axis and Y-axis signals for the telltale warning signs of impending tool breakage, and obtained a 100% classification rate. To confirm the effect of drilling disturbances on the prognostic system, the entries and exits of tools to and from workpieces were studied. The results demonstrate that both types of signal features can be used without causing any misclassification.
SAUNet++: An automatic segmentation model of COVID-19 lesion from CT slices
Authors: XIAO Hanguang , RAN Zhiqiang , MABU Shingo , ZHANG Banglin , ZHANG Bolong , LIU Chang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread worldwide and the healthcare system is in crisis. Accurate, automated and rapid segmentation of COVID-19 lesion in computed tomography (CT) images can help doctors diagnose and provide prognostic information. However, the variety of lesions and small regions of early lesion complicate their segmentation. To solve these problems, we propose a new SAUNet++ model with squeeze excitation residual (SER) module and atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module. The SER module can assign more weights to more important channels and mitigate the problem of gradient disappearance, the ASPP module can obtain context information by atrous convolution using various sampling rates. In addition, the generalized dice loss (GDL) can reduce the correlation between lesion size and dice loss, and is introduced to solve the problem of small regions segmentation. We collected multinational CT scan data from China, Italy and Russia and conducted extensive experiments. In the experiments, SAUNet++ and GDL were compared to advanced segmentation models and popular loss functions, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that our methods can effectively improve the accuracy of COVID-19 lesion segmentation on the dice similarity coefficient (our: 87.38% VS U-Net++: 86.08%), sensitivity (our: 93.28% VS U-Net++: 89.85%) and hausdorff distance (our: 19.99mm VS U-Net++: 27.69mm), respectively.
Decline in net primary productivity caused by severe droughts: evidence from the Pearl River basin in China
Authors: Zhou Yuliang , Zhou Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought events and their impacts on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) is crucial for drought mitigation and environmental protection. This study, by taking the Pearl River basin as the case region, investigated drought duration, severity, intensity, affected area, and centroids during 1960–2015 based on the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index and three-dimensional clustering algorithm and then revealed how these drought characteristics have affected NPP. Results showed that there were altogether 32 severe drought events lasting at least 3 months in the basin, with half lasting longer than 6 months. The total NPP loss significantly correlated with drought severity and intensity. Most drought events caused a reduction in NPP across more than half of the drought-affected area; specifically, the February–December drought in 2011 has cut NPP by 31.85 Tg C, accounting for 11.7% of the regional annual mean NPP, while the September 2009–September 2010 drought caused a decrease of 20.26 Tg C in NPP. Our research improves the insight into the relationship between NPP and drought, which helps decision-makers manage droughts and provides guidance for drought-related studies across other regions.
When usage matters: time-of-use analysis of Cape Town's Day Zero drought response
Authors: Booysen M. J. , Ripunda C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Poor resource management and infrastructure limitations make the effects of drought worse for cities in developing countries. One way to alleviate the impact without large investments is targeted demand management. This has worked well in studies that focused on some of the recent droughts, including Cape Town's ‘Day Zero’ drought of 2016–2018. Many studies have measured demand response to a drought at a coarse time resolution, but few have measured it at an hourly resolution or compared weekday with weekend use. In this study we evaluated households' hourly time-of-use behaviour in response to the Cape Town drought at two prominent inflection points identified by previous studies: the announcement of the Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan in October 2017 and the introduction of Level 6B restrictions in February 2018. The first major reduction was caused by residents reducing their usage by about a third in the early morning and evening hours on weekdays, and the second, even larger, reduction was achieved in the mid-morning hours on weekdays when home owners were not at home but ensured that domestic workers used water sparingly.
Mineralization of sulfonamides from wastewater using ozone-based systems
Authors: Ho T. H. , Wu C. H. , Han T. Y. , Syu W. J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/persulfate (PS) and UV/ozone/PS systems were used to mineralize sulfonamides. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were the target compounds. The novel contribution of this study is its determination of the effects of PS addition, sulfonamide structure, pH and salinity on sulfonamide mineralization in ozone-based systems. The mineralization rate of sulfonamides satisfied pseudo-first-order kinetics. The SMZ mineralization rate constant in ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/PS and UV/ozone/PS systems at pH 5 were 0.0058; 0.0101; 0.0069 and 0.0802 min−1, respectively, and those at pH 7 were 0.0075; 0.0116; 0.0083 and 0.0873 min−1, respectively. The increase in the number of methyl substituents in the heterocyclic group of SMZ and the corresponding increase in the steric hindrance of radical addition, reduced mineralization rates below those of SMR and SDZ. The addition of PS promoted sulfonamide mineralization in the ozone-based systems; conversely, salinity inhibited sulfonamide mineralization.
Defining Digital Public Health and the Role of Digitization, Digitalization, and Digital Transformation: Scoping Review
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Xu Alice X T , Gómez-Ramírez Oralia , Ablona Aidan , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Mckee Geoff , Gilbert Mark 
Published: August 2021

Background
The recent proliferation and application of digital technologies in public health has spurred interest in digital public health. However, as yet, there appears to be a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.

Objective
In this scoping review, we seek to assess formal and informal definitions of digital public health in the literature and to understand how these definitions have been conceptualized in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation.

Methods
We conducted a scoping literature search in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and 14 government and intergovernmental agency websites encompassing 6 geographic regions. Among a total of 409 full articles identified, we reviewed 11 publications that either formally defined digital public health or informally described the integration of digital technologies into public health in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation, and we conducted a thematic analysis of the identified definitions.

Results
Two explicit definitions of digital public health were identified, each with divergent meanings. The first definition suggested digital public health was a reimagination of public health using new ways of working, blending established public health wisdom with new digital concepts and tools. The second definition highlighted digital public health as an asset to achieve existing public health goals. In relation to public health, digitization was used to refer to the technical process of converting analog records to digital data, digitalization referred to the integration of digital technologies into public health operations, and digital transformation was used to describe a cultural shift that pervasively integrates digital technologies and reorganizes services on the basis of the health needs of the public.

Conclusions
The definition of digital public health remains contested in the literature. Public health researchers and practitioners need to clarify these conceptual definitions to harness opportunities to integrate digital technologies into public health in a way that maximizes their potential to improve public health outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/preprints.27686
Vitamin C Ameliorates the Cefepime-Induced Changes of Liver Enzymes, Histopathology and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmad M. Abdel-Mageed  , Muaz  Magzub  , Mohamed A. Abdein  , Nabil  S. Awad  
Published: August 2021

Cefepime belongs to the fourth generation cephalosporin family of antibiotics, it showed side effects such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. However little reports showed its hepatotoxic effects. The aim of the current study was to evaluate cefepime-induced hepatotoxicity and its associated histopathological changes in the liver. Also, it aimed to examine the effects of cefepime treatment on the proinflammatory cytokines as well as the protective and recovering roles of vitamin C against the cefepime-induced effects. . Blood samples were collected and the liver enzymes in serum ALT, AST and Total Bilirubin (T. Bil.) were estimated biochemically; liver tissues were collected and divided into two parts: the first part were fixed for histopathological examination by H&E staining whereas the other part was processed for RNA extraction and further for real time PCR examination of the mRNA expression of IL1β and TNFα. Cefepime could significantly increase the concentration of ALT, AST, T. Bil. as well as the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα; histopathological changes in the form of hepatic lobules distortion, marked degeneration, hepatocellular vacuolation and necrosis, nuclear pyknosis, scattered apoptosis, distortion of portal areas and marked fibrosis were observed after two weeks of cefepime administration; co- administration of vitamin C with cefepime or administration administering it for 7 days after cefepime could successfully improve the levels of ALT, AST, T. Bil., histopathological and mRNA expression of IL1β and TNFα. The current study suggested that cefepime has hepatotoxic effects shown as alternation of the liver enzymes, changing in the histopathological features as well as stimulating the inflammation in the liver tissue. Vitamin C can be used as a protective or recovering drug against cefepime-induced hepatotoxicity.
Investments in Auditor-Provided Non-Audit Services and Future Operating Performance
Authors: Ciconte William , Knechel W. Robert , Mayberry Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
The “organization capital” of a firm consists of its internal investments in its business units, processes, know-how, employee skills, and information systems. We investigate whether a firm's investments in auditor-provided non-audit services (NAS) can supplement its own internal investment in organization capital, resulting in improved operating performance. We find that investments in NAS are positively related to a firm's subsequent operating performance consistent with NAS augmenting a firm's organization capital. Firms with low organization capital in general, high complexity, or disruption due to acquisitions benefit the most from purchasing NAS from their auditor. We also show that firms engaging auditors with a high level of expertise manifest higher levels of future operating performance. We find no evidence that the improvement in operating performance subsequent to NAS investment is due to earnings management or lower audit quality.
JEL Classifications: M41; M49; L84.
DESAIN DAN UJI COBA LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS LEARNING CYCLE 5E PADA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA
Authors: Utami Reka Pramanda 
Published: August 2021

This research was instigated by the lack of availability teaching materials that could help students in the learning process, and the unavailability of using student workbook Learning Cycle 5E based. This research aimed at knowing the validity and practicality level ofstudent workbook Learning Cycle 5E based on Buffer Solution lesson. It was R&D (Research and Development) with 4-D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) model. It was administered at State Senior High School 10 Pekanbaru. The subjects of this research were student workbook media design experts, learning material experts, chemistry subject teachers, and students. The object was student workbook Learning Cycle 5E based on Buffer Solution lesson. The data were obtained directly from questionnaire. The instruments of collecting the data were validity and practicality test questionnaires. The data then were analyzed by using Descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The produced workbook was tested, and it was valid with 90.9% percentage (very valid), and practical with 90.66% percentage (very practical). Based on these results, it could be concluded thatstudent workbook Learning Cycle 5E basedwas valid and practical on Buffer Solution lesson, so it was appropriate to be an additional teaching material for teachers at school.
Tipe Kepribadian dan Status Kesehatan Mental pada Kelompok Risiko Tinggi HIV/AIDS di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngemplak I
Authors: Romulo Michael Aaron , Putri Wulandari Berliani 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Lelaki Suka Lelaki (LSL) dan transgender merupakan sebagian dari kelompok yang beresiko tinggi mendapatkan HIV/AIDS. Meningkatnya morbiditas dan mortalitas kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia harus diimbangi dengan upaya pencegahan dan pengenalan dini faktor yang berkontribusi. Pengenalan kepribadian dan status kesehatan mental kelompok resiko tinggi sedini mungkin dapat mencegah timbulnya perjalanan penyakit atau gangguan yang lebih serius seperti depresi dan bunuh diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe kepribadian dan status kesehatan mental pada kelompok risiko tinggi HIV/AIDS di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ngemplak I.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan kuesioner Woodworth-Eysenck Inventory sebagai alat pengambilan data. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 dengan teknik purposive sampling pada Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) komunitas resiko tinggi HIV/AIDS yang bekerjasama dengan Puskesmas Ngemplak I dalam program Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT).Hasil: Data yang didapatkan dari 20 responden menunjukkan bahwa 18 responden merupakan LSL dan 2 responden merupakan transgender dari lelaki menjadi perempuan. Data dari tes woodworth didapatkan 25% dari responden cenderung obsessive compulsive, 50% memiliki kecenderungan schizoid, 35% cenderung paranoid, 55% cenderung depresi, 35% cenderung impulsif, 55% cenderung memiliki ketidakstabilan emosi, dan 25% cenderung antisosial. Data dari tes eysenck menunjukkan bahwa 40% dari responden memiliki kecenderungan neurotik atau gangguan kecemasan dan 65% cenderung memiliki kepribadian introvert.Kesimpulan: Mayoritas tipe kepribadian dari komunitas LSL dan transgender adalah kepribadian introvert dan linier dengan kecenderungan depresi. Pengenalan tipe kepribadian dan status kesehatan mental sedini mungkin dapat bermanfaat untuk mencegah adanya perilaku yang beresiko tinggi terhadap suatu penyakit bahkan dapat mencegah terjadinya depresi berat hingga percobaan bunuh diri.
Studi Material Tanah Longsor Akibat Gempa Lombok 2018
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Nurjati 
Published: August 2021

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Pada umumnya, tanah longsor terjadi dengan skala yang kecil dan dampak yang dihasilkan tidak parah sebagaimana letusan gunung berapi, gempa atau tsunami. Namun, perhatian terhadap bencana ini seringkali diabaikan oleh masyarakat dan perencanaan pembangunan kota. Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam meneliti tanah longor, salah satunya adalah mineral tanah. Dalam studi ini, sampel tanah diambil dari Lombok Utara akibat dari gempa Lombok 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan tanah berdasarkan USCS dan AASTHO, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis mineralogi menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Berdasarkan klasifikasi USCS, tanah termasuk kategori pasir berlanau dan campuran lanau (SM); dan lempung anorganik dengan plastisitas rendah sampai sedang, lempung berkerikil, lempung berpasir, lempung berlanau, lempung kurus (lean clays). Pada klasifikasi AASHTOO, hasilnya adalah tanah berlanau (A-4); kerikil dan pasir yang berlanau atau berlempung (A-2-4); dan pasir halus (A-3). Berdasarkan hasil mineralogi menggunakan XRD dan SEM, material utama pada sampel tanah adalah Albite Calcian, Microline and Kuarsa.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>longsor,</em><em> mineralogi, XRD, SEM</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Landslides generally occur on a small scale and the impact is not as severe as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis. However, attention to these disasters is often ignored by the community and city development planning. In assessing the factors causing landslides there are many factors that need to be considered, one of which is soil minerals. The samples of soil in this study were taken from North Lombok as a result of the 2018 earthquake. This research is conducted by classifying the soil based on USCS and AASHTO, then proceed with mineralogical analysis using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Based on USCS classification, the result of the analysis shows that soil samples have a classification of silty sand, and silt mixtures (SM); and inorganic clays or low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays (CL). For AASHTO classification, the result shows the sample belong to silty soil (A-4), silty or clayey gravel sand (A-2-4) and fine sand (A-3). Based on the results of mineralogical analysis using XRD and SEM, it is known that the dominant minerals making up the soil in the sample are Albite Calcian, Microline and Quartz</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>landslide, mineralogy, XRD, SEM</em><em></em></p><em></em><em></em>
STUDI KUAT LENTUR BETON DENGAN BAHAN TAMBAH SERAT ABAKA
Authors: Pranoto Yudi , Halim Lina , Sudibyo Anung 
Published: August 2021

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Serat abaka merupakan serat yang awet dan lentur yang diambil dari pohon pisang. Serat ini masih sangat jarang dimanfaatkan, sementara di Indonesia serat abaka bisa ditemukan di mana mana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh serat abaka terhadap kuat lentur beton. Penelitian ini diawali dengan studi literature, pengujian material (Agregat halus, agregat kasar, semen dan serat abaka), mix design beton, pembuatan benda uji, perawatan dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian kuat lentur beton serta terakhir dilakukan analisis hasil pengujian. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan kuat lentur maksmum terjadi pada kadar serat abaka sebesar 0,6% dengan kuat lentur 3,75 MPa, sedangkan kuat lentur terkecil terjadi pada kadar serat abaka 0% dengan kuat lentur 3,34 MPa.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>serat abaka,</em><em> kuat lentur, mix deisgn</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Abaca fiber is a durable and flexible fiber taken from the banana tree. This fiber is still very rarely used, while in Indonesian abaca fiber can be found everywhere. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of abaca fiber on the flexural strength of concrete. This research begins with literature studies, material testing (fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement, and abaca fiber), concrete mix design, manufacture of test objects, curing, and continues with concretes flexural strength testing and finally an analysis of the test results. From the test results, it founded that the maximum flexural strength occurred at the abaca fiber content of 0.6% with a bending strength of 3.75 MPa, and the smallest flexural strength occurred at 0% abaca fiber content with a flexural strength of 3.34 MPa.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>Abaka fiber,</em><em> flexural strength, mix design</em><em></em></p>