bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutzung der Chancen der Digitalisierung durch digitale Leistungen – Technologien und Prozesse, Angebote und Geschäftsmodelle verbessern oder verändern
Authors: Proff Harald , Ahrens Claudia , Neuroth Wencke , Proff Heike , Knobbe Florian , Szybisty Gregor , Sommer Stefan 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWir wollen in diesem Kapitel zeigen, wie Unternehmen die Chancen der Digitalisierung nutzen können:

durch Verbesserung oder Veränderung

zunächst der unternehmerischen Prozesse (z. B. durch die digitale Fabrik bzw. Industrie 4.0) und der dahinter liegenden digitalen Technologien (z. B. ein mehrschichtiges Fertigungsmanagement, MES), als den „Digital Activities“.

dann der Angebote, d. h. Produkte und Dienstleistungen (z. B. ein Angebot von Digitalkameras), die Unternehmen in Geschäftsmodelle – einzeln umsetzen oder verbindlich ausgerichtet auf einen definierten Kreis von Partnern (in einem Ecosystem) - umsetzen, als den „Digital Businesses“.

durch radikale Veränderungen der Leistungen, die sehr viel weitreichender sind, als eine Verbesserung oder eine inkrementelle Veränderung der Technologien, Prozesse, Angebote und Geschäftsmodelle. Denn sie bedeuten die Entwicklung völlig neuer Geschäftsmodelle bzw. Geschäftsmodellinnovationen, die sich als neue Wege des Denkens auf völlig neue Angebote am Markt beziehen und auf neuartige Technologien und Prozesse stützen.

Damit ermöglicht die Digitalisierung eine Neuausrichtung der unternehmerischen Leistungen (Digital Performance) und treibt die Transformation von Unternehmen.Dabei gilt, dass die Gewinnwirkung umso höher ist, je stärker Unternehmen dadurch Technologien, noch stärker Prozesse, mehr noch Angebote und am meisten Geschäftsmodelle verändert werden.
On the interplay between magnetic field and anisotropy in holographic QCD
Authors: Gürsoy Umut , Järvinen Matti , Nijs Govert , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the combined effects of anisotropy and a magnetic field in strongly interacting gauge theories by the gauge/gravity correspondence. Our main motivation is the quark-gluon plasma produced in off-central heavy-ion collisions which exhibits large anisotropy in pressure gradients as well as large external magnetic fields. We explore two different configurations, with the anisotropy either parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field, focusing on the competition and interplay between the two. A detailed study of the RG flow in the ground state reveals a rich structure where depending on which of the two, anisotropy or magnetic field, is stronger, intermediate geometries with approximate AdS4× ℝ and AdS3× ℝ2factors arise. This competition is also manifest in the phase structure at finite temperature, specifically in the dependence of the chiral transition temperature on anisotropy and magnetic field, from which we infer the presence of inverse magnetic and anisotropic catalyses of the chiral condensate. Finally, we consider other salient observables in the theory, including the quark-antiquark potential, shear viscosity, entanglement entropy and the butterfly velocity. We demonstrate that they serve as good probes of the theory, in particular, distinguishing between the effects of the magnetic field and anisotropy in the ground and plasma states. We also find that the butterfly velocity, which codifies how fast information propagates in the plasma, exhibits a rich structure as a function of temperature, anisotropy and magnetic field, exceeding the conformal value in certain regimes.
Shear-induced crystallization of polyamide 11
Authors: Jariyavidyanont Katalee , Mallardo Salvatore , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Di Lorenzo Maria Laura , Boldt Regine , Rhoades Alicyn M. , Androsch René 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShear-induced formation of crystal nuclei in polyamide 11 (PA 11) was studied using a conventional parallel-plate rheometer. Crystallization of PA 11 after shearing the melt at different rates for 60 s was followed by the evolution of the complex viscosity. The sheared samples showed in an optical microscope a gradient structure along the radius, due to the increasing shear rate from the center to the edge. The critical shear rate for shear-induced formation of nuclei was identified at the position where a distinct change of the semicrystalline superstructure is observed, being at around 1 to 2 s−1. Below this threshold, a space-filled spherulitic superstructure developed as in quiescent-melt crystallization. Above this value, after shearing at rates between 1 and 5 s−1, an increased number of point-like nuclei was detected, connected with formation of randomly oriented crystals. Shearing the melt at even higher rates led to a further increase of the nuclei number and growth of crystals oriented such that the chain axis is in parallel to the direction of flow. In addition, optical microscopy confirmed formation of long fibrillar structures after shearing at such condition. The critical specific work of flow of PA 11 was calculated to allow a comparison with that of polyamide 66 (PA 66). This comparison showed that in the case of PA 11 more work for shear-induced formation of nuclei is needed than in the case of PA 66, discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the repeat unit in the chains.
Graphical abstract
A Finite Element/Neural Network Framework for Modeling Suspensions of Non-spherical Particles
Authors: Minakowska Martyna , Richter Thomas , Sager Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn accurate prediction of the translational and rotational motion of particles suspended in a fluid is only possible if a complete set of correlations for the force coefficients of fluid-particle interaction is known. The present study is thus devoted to the derivation and validation of a new framework to determine the drag, lift, rotational and pitching torque coefficients for different non-spherical particles in a fluid flow. The motivation for the study arises from medical applications, where particles may have an arbitrary and complex shape. Here, it is usually not possible to derive accurate analytical models for predicting the different hydrodynamic forces. The presented model is designed to be applicable to a broad range of shapes. Another important feature of the suspensions occurring in medical and biological applications is the high number of particles. The modelling approach we propose can be efficiently used for simulations of solid-liquid suspensions with numerous particles. Based on resolved numerical simulations of prototypical particles we generate data to train a neural network which allows us to quickly estimate the hydrodynamic forces experienced by a specific particle immersed in a fluid.
A copula-based multivariate hidden Markov model for modelling momentum in football
Authors: Ötting Marius , Langrock Roland , Maruotti Antonello 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the potential occurrence of change points—commonly referred to as “momentum shifts”—in the dynamics of football matches. For that purpose, we model minute-by-minute in-game statistics of Bundesliga matches using hidden Markov models (HMMs). To allow for within-state dependence of the variables, we formulate multivariate state-dependent distributions using copulas. For the Bundesliga data considered, we find that the fitted HMMs comprise states which can be interpreted as a team showing different levels of control over a match. Our modelling framework enables inference related to causes of momentum shifts and team tactics, which is of much interest to managers, bookmakers, and sports fans.
Community Legal Systems: Targeting PrEP and HIV Education to Decrease Risk of HIV Transmission
Authors: Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Sockwell LaTunja , Knight Daniel , Crone Cynthia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe southern U.S. has both high HIV and incarceration rates in comparison to its population. As in the rest of the country, HIV prevention is based on education, behavior change, and biomedical efforts, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study examined the implementation of an educational intervention and supportive services to obtain PrEP in a population of individuals (N = 218) involved in an Adult Drug Court (ADC) or on probation or parole (P-P). Nearly all ADC and P-P participants self-reported risk behaviors linked to HIV acquisition. Results supported the acceptance and usefulness of the intervention as rated by participants. Participants showed increased knowledge of HIV risks and testing post-education. In multivariate analysis, predictors of interest in using PrEP included low stigma beliefs, specifically their level of prejudice views, high depressive symptoms, and white race. The intervention shows promise. Given the high risk documented for ADC and P-P individuals, HIV prevention is a critical component for increased protective behaviors.
The Paradox of Predictability
Authors: Gijsbers Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScriven’s paradox of predictability arises from the combination of two ideas: first, that everything in a deterministic universe is, in principle, predictable; second, that it is possible to create a system that falsifies any prediction that is made of it. Recently, the paradox has been used by Rummens and Cuypers to argue that there is a fundamental difference between embedded and external predictors; and by Ismael to argue against a governing conception of laws. The present paper defends a new diagnosis of the roots of the paradox. First, it is argued that the unpredictability has to be understood in the light of Turing’s famous results about computability, in particular his proof that there is no solution to the ‘halting problem.’ This allows us to see that previous analyses of the paradox were either mistaken or not fully adequate. Second, the sense of paradox that nevertheless remains is traced to the idea that rational behaviour is not dependent on contingent environmental circumstances: that it is always up to us to engage in activities such as rational prediction or rational belief. The paradox of predictability teaches us that this idea, natural though it may be, is mistaken.
Advances in Glycation: from food to human health and disease
Authors: Taniguchi Naoyuki , Murata Masatsune 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis Special Issue on “Advances in Glycation: from food to human health and disease” was planned after the XXV International Symposium on Glycoconjugates (Glyco25) in Milan in order to ask special attention of importance of glycation to glycoscience community. In addition, we also celebrate the 30th anniversary of JMARS (Japan Maillard Reaction Society), and dedicated to one of the pioneers of this field, Professor Vincent Monnier, MD. He contributed enormously to studies on glycation related to aging and diseases to date and also he contributed to establish IMARS (International Maillard Reaction Society) as well as JMARS.
Curricular fit perspective on motivation in higher education
Authors: Kickert R. , Meeuwisse M. , Stegers-Jager K. M. , Prinzie P. , Arends L. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present a curricular perspective that can be used to understand students’ focus on assessment in higher education. We propose that the degree of alignment between the objectives and assessment of the curriculum plays a crucial role in students’ motivation. In case of perfect alignment, all objectives have an equitable probability of being assessed. Thus, all learning contributes to performance equitably. Consequently, the motivation to perform and the motivation to learn should result in the same learning behaviour and performance. However, in reality, a certain degree of cognitive and operant misalignment of the assessment with the objectives is present. Hence, some objectives will not need to be mastered in order to pass certain assessments. Consequently, a distinction arises between assessed and unassessed learning, and only the assessed learning contributes to performance. Thus, the probability of performing well on assessments is higher when students focus their effort on the assessed learning only, instead of dividing their effort between the assessed and unassessed learning. Therefore, students who are motivated to perform have a motivation that fits in a misaligned curriculum. The article concludes with implications of this curricular fit perspective for assessment practices, as well as for motivational research.
Efficient stochastic optimisation by unadjusted Langevin Monte Carlo
Authors: De Bortoli Valentin , Durmus Alain , Pereyra Marcelo , Vidal Ana F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStochastic approximation methods play a central role in maximum likelihood estimation problems involving intractable likelihood functions, such as marginal likelihoods arising in problems with missing or incomplete data, and in parametric empirical Bayesian estimation. Combined with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, these stochastic optimisation methods have been successfully applied to a wide range of problems in science and industry. However, this strategy scales poorly to large problems because of methodological and theoretical difficulties related to using high-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms within a stochastic approximation scheme. This paper proposes to address these difficulties by using unadjusted Langevin algorithms to construct the stochastic approximation. This leads to a highly efficient stochastic optimisation methodology with favourable convergence properties that can be quantified explicitly and easily checked. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with three experiments, including a challenging application to statistical audio analysis and a sparse Bayesian logistic regression with random effects problem.
Nowhere to Play: Available Open and Green Space in Greater London Schools
Authors: Shoari Niloofar , Ezzati Majid , Doyle Yvonne G , Wolfe Ingrid , Brauer Michael , Bennett James , Fecht Daniela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperiencing outdoor space, especially natural space, during childhood and adolescence has beneficial physical and mental health effects, including improved cognitive and motor skills and a lower risk of obesity. Since school-age children typically spend 35–40 hours per week at schools, we quantified their access to open (non-built-up) space and green space at schools in Greater London. We linked land use information from the UK Ordnance Survey with school characteristics from the Department for Education (DfE) for schools in Greater London. We estimated open space by isolating land and water features within school boundaries and, as a subset of open space, green space defined as open space covered by vegetation. We examined the relationship of both school open and green space with distance to Central London, whether the school was fee-paying, and the percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals (as a school-level indicator of socioeconomic status). Almost 400,000 pupils (30% of all pupils in London) attended schools with less than ten square metre per pupil of open space—the minimum recommended area by DfE—and 800,000 pupils attended schools with less than ten square metre per pupil of green space. Of the latter, 70% did not have any public parks in the immediate vicinity of their schools. School green space increased with distance from Central London. There was a weak association between the school-level socioeconomic indicator and the amount of open and green space. Fee-paying schools provided less open space compared to non-fee-paying schools in central parts of London, but the provision became comparable in suburban London. Many London schools do not provide enough open and green space. There is a need to ensure regular contact with green space through safeguarding school grounds from sales, financially supporting disadvantaged schools to increase their outdoor space and providing access to off-site facilities such as sharing outdoor space with other schools.
Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Emergence from Ground Fruits Across Varying Altitudes and Climate Cycles, and the Effect on Coffee Tree Infestation
Authors: Constantino Luis Miguel , Gil Zulma Nancy , Montoya Esther Cecilia , Benavides Pablo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring coffee harvest, picked berries fall to the ground where they serve as a reservoir for the coffee berry borer (CBB) which then infest coffee berries on the trees. This study tested the effect of fallen CBB-infested coffee berries on the infestation of coffee trees (Coffea arabica). Three-year-old trees were treated with either 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 CBB-infested berries placed on the root vicinity. The CBB infestation of coffee trees was sampled every 30 days during 6 months for four coffee productive cycles. The experiment was set up at four different locations comprising different altitudes (1,218; 1,381; 1,470; and 1,700 m.a.s.l.) and the measurements were taken during 4 years where the climatic events of El Niño, La Niña, Neutral, and transitions El Niño/La Niña were present. The results show that CBB-infested berries left on the ground are a reservoir of CBB for 140 ± 8.2 days and infest developing healthy coffee berries. In a climate Neutral year, one CBB-infested ground berry left on the ground infested on average 590.2 ± 142.2 berries in coffee trees grown at 1,218 m.a.s.l. At the same altitude, one CBB-infested ground berry resulted in 151.5 ± 29.1 infested tree berries during La Niña year and 959.0 ± 89.6 during El Niño year. The CBB infestation was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with altitude (R2= 0.99 andR2= −0.96, respectively). This study highlights the importance of careful harvesting practices to prevent berries from falling to the ground, followed by ground sanitation to limit later infestation of the coffee crop.
Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.
Authors: Le Dung , Audenaert Kris , Haesaert Geert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.
A worthy technique for transcanal drilling during endoscopic ear surgery
Authors: Kamal Sheikh Shawkat 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of a preplanned technique for drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery.MethodsStudy design: Retrospective case series study from June 2011 to June 2015. Setting: Private tertiary care hospital. Patients: Eighty‐five ears of 78 patients, age ranging from 9 to 57 years underwent transcanal endoscopic drilling for various types of pathology in their middle and external ear. Interventions: Application of a preplanned technique for transcanal drilling in endoscopic ear surgery that involved short timed drilling with use of intermittent irrigation and suction. Every events of the procedure were done one after another with the single hand of the surgeon. An attachment providing protecting sheath around rotating burr was used during each time of drilling. Main outcomes measure: Efficacy of such drilling technique in single handed endoscopic ear surgery. Presence of any postoperative thermal injury of facial nerve and any lacerated injury of skin of external ear.ResultsThis preplanned technique was found suitable for transcanal endoscopic drilling with the single hand of the surgeon. Postoperative facial nerve palsy or laceration of skin of external ear was not noted in any patient.ConclusionAfter using the present technique, transcanal endoscopic drilling could be done easily and safely with single hand of the surgeon.
Generic chaos on dendrites
Authors: SNOHA ĽUBOMÍR , ŠPITALSKÝ VLADIMÍR , TAKÁCS MICHAL 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe characterize dendritesDsuch that a continuous selfmap ofDis generically chaotic (in the sense of Lasota) if and only if it is generically${\varepsilon }$-chaotic for some${\varepsilon }>0$. In other words, we characterize dendrites on which generic chaos of a continuous map can be described in terms of the behaviour of subdendrites with non-empty interiors under iterates of the map. A dendriteDbelongs to this class if and only if it is completely regular, with all points of finite order (that is, if and only ifDcontains neither a copy of the Riemann dendrite nor a copy of the$\omega $-star).
Real-time virtual infection prevention and control assessments in skilled nursing homes, New York, March 2020—A pilot project
Authors: Ostrowsky Belinda E. , Weil Lauren M. , Olaisen R. Henry , Stricof Rachel L. , Adams Eleanor H. , Tsivitis Marie I. , Eramo Antonella , Giardina Rosalie , Erazo Richard , Southwick Karen L. , Greenko Jane A. , Lutterloh Emily C. , Blog Debra S. ,   for the New York COVID-19 Response Team:, Green Crystal , Carrasco Kimberly , Fernandez Rafael , Vallabhaneni Snigdha , Quinn Monica , Kogut Sarah J. , Bennett Joy , Chico David M. , Luzinas Martha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To describe a pilot project infection prevention and control (IPC) assessment conducted in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in New York State (NYS) during a pivotal 2-week period when the region became the nation’s epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Design:A telephone and video assessment of IPC measures in SNFs at high risk or experiencing COVID-19 activity.Participants:SNFs in 14 New York counties, including New York City.Intervention:A 3-component remote IPC assessment: (1) screening tool; (2) telephone IPC checklist; and (3) COVID-19 video IPC assessment (ie, “COVIDeo”).Results:In total, 92 SNFs completed the IPC screening tool and checklist: 52 (57%) were conducted as part COVID-19 investigations, and 40 (43%) were proactive prevention-based assessments. Among the 40 proactive assessments, 14 (35%) identified suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. COVIDeo was performed in 26 (28%) of 92 assessments and provided observations that other tools would have missed: personal protective equipment (PPE) that was not easily accessible, redundant, or improperly donned, doffed, or stored and specific challenges implementing IPC in specialty populations. The IPC assessments took ∼1 hour each and reached an estimated 4 times as many SNFs as on-site visits in a similar time frame.Conclusions:Remote IPC assessments by telephone and video were timely and feasible methods of assessing the extent to which IPC interventions had been implemented in a vulnerable setting and to disseminate real-time recommendations. Remote assessments are now being implemented across New York State and in various healthcare facility types. Similar methods have been adapted nationally by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.