bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact tunable balanced tri‐band bandpass filter with high selectivity using stub loaded resonator
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhang Dewei , Liu Tieming , Zhang Junjie , Wang Xian , Lv Dalong , Zhou Dongfang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a balanced tri‐band band‐pass filter (BPF) with the third independently tunable passband and the other two fixed ones based on a novel multi‐stub loaded resonator (MSLR) is presented. Due to the symmetrical circuit structure, the even‐and odd‐mode methods are applied to analyze the differential‐mode (DM) and the common‐mode equivalent circuits of the proposed resonator, and the correspondingly resonant characteristics can be obtained. With the approximate design of the MSLR, the first three DM resonant frequencies are employed to form the three DM passbands. Then, the external coupling structure can be controlled by coupled lines to meet the required specifications. Furthermore, the frequency tuning of the third DM passband can be realized by adjusting the varactors loaded at the end of the resonators. Finally, the source and load coupling is introduced to improve the frequency selectivity. For verification, a balanced tri‐band BPF with the tunable third DM passband was designed, manufactured and tested. The fabricated filter has central frequencies of the first two fixed bands located at 2.4 and 2.95 GHz, the third one tuning from 4.17 to 4.41 GHz, and the correspondingly fractional bandwidths (FBWs) are 12.3%, 3.5% and 1.9% ± 0.89%. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Collapsed and non‐collapsed ice‐marginal glaciodeltaic morphosequence structure mapped with ground penetrating radar in central Connecticut
Authors: Bouali El Hachemi , Sweeney Charles 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTGlacial ice from the last major advance covered the state of Connecticut and reached its glacial maximum on Long Island ∼21,000 years ago. As glacial ice melted and retreated northward, meltwater streams deposited sediments, like gravel, sand, silt and clay, in low‐lying areas. Many periglacial lakes formed in central Connecticut as meltwater accumulated into valleys that were dammed by ice or glacial sediments. The Cromwell delta was deposited into glacial Lake Middletown. Previous studies have identified seven types of morphosequences, which are sedimentary facies that were deposited contemporaneously. The Cromwell delta is an ice‐marginal deltaic morphosequence, with proximal deposits laid atop stagnant glacial ice and distal deposits built up as free fronts in open waters of glacial Lake Middletown. Proximal deposits experienced collapse as stagnant ice blocks melted. Thus, each ice‐marginal deltaic morphosequence within the Cromwell delta includes two sections bounded by an east‐west‐trending topographic high delineating a previous ice‐margin position: north of this boundary are collapsed deltaic deposits dipping northward; south are non‐collapsed deltaic deposits dipping southward. Ground penetrating radar was used at River Highlands State Park to map sections of the Cromwell delta. The purpose of the study is threefold: (1) to demonstrate the capabilities of ground penetrating radar for identifying deltaic structures and locating previous ice‐margin positions; (2) to provide insight into the collapsed delta formation by examining the areal extent and geometry of collapsed structures; (3) to show how ground penetrating radar can be used in an exploratory manner, with limited access to direct subsurface data, by combining ground penetrating radar with shallow auger samples and results from previous studies in areas near River Highlands State Park, the Cromwell delta and other contemporaneous deltas. Results show that ground penetrating radar can be used to map deltaic morphosequences and ice‐marginal positions to provide a more detailed understanding of the Cromwell delta history at River Highlands State Park.
Association BetweenCaregiver-OncologistDiscordance in Patient's Life Expectancy Estimates and Caregiver Perceived Autonomy Support by the Oncologist
Authors: Tuch Gina , Sanapala Chandrika , Mohile Supriya G. , Duberstein Paul R. , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique , Xu Huiwen , Culakova Eva , Flannery Marie , Yousefi-Nooraie Reza , Epstein Ronald M. , McHugh Colin , Aarne Valerie , Kim Hannah , Geer Jodi , O'Rourke Mark A. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Loh Kah Poh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaregiver perceived autonomy support by the oncologist is important for caregiver well-being and may be affected by the patient's survival. We determined the association of caregiver-oncologist discordance in patient's life expectancy estimates with perceived autonomy support over time and whether the association differed by patient survival status.Materials and MethodsWe used data from a geriatric assessment cluster-randomized trial (URCC 13070) that recruited patients aged at least 70 years with incurable cancer considering or receiving treatment, their caregivers, and their oncologists. At baseline, caregivers and oncologists were asked to estimate patient's life expectancy (0–6 months, 7–12 months, 1–2 years, 2–5 years, and &gt;5 years; any difference in response was considered discordant). At 4–6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, caregivers completed the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ), which measured perceived autonomy support by the oncologist. Generalized estimating equation modeling was conducted to assess the association of baseline caregiver-oncologist discordance with longitudinal HCCQ scores, stratified by patient 6-month survival status.ResultsDiscordant life expectancy estimates were present in 72.0% of dyads. In multivariate analyses, caregiver-oncologist discordance in patient's life expectancy estimates was associated with higher caregiver HCCQ scores. In stratified analysis, caregiver-oncologist discordance was associated with lower caregiver HCCQ scores (β = −3.46; 95% CI, −4.64 to −2.29) among patients who died within 6 months but with higher caregiver HCCQ scores (β = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.63–2.04) among patients who survived beyond 6 months.ConclusionInterventions aimed at mitigating discordance need to consider its association with caregiver perceived autonomy support and patient's survival in order to better inform caregiver expectations.Implications for PracticeAmong patients who died within the first 6 months, caregivers who estimated a different length of life for the patient compared with oncologists were more likely to report lower support from the oncologist, whereas the opposite relationship was seen within patients who survived beyond the first 6 months. When designing interventions to improve caregiver understanding of the patient's prognosis, its relationship with caregiver-perceived support and patient's survival needs to be considered.
Improvement in language function in patients with aphasia using computer‐assisted executive function training: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Mengting , Qian Qiuchen , Wang Wei , Chen Lu , Wang Lingmin , Zhou Yeqing , Xu Siwei , Wu Jie , Feng Tao , Zhu Zude , Xiang Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonverbal cognitive training for aphasia has gained popularity. Prior research has found that cognitive status correlates with language function.ObjectiveTo determine whether nonverbal computer‐assisted executive control training (CAET) to improve cognitive status affects language performance in patients with aphasia (PWA) and executive dysfunction.DesignA single blind randomized trial.SettingDepartment of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.ParticipantsA total of 68 individuals were randomized, underwent treatment and were included in the analysis (CAET group, n = 33; control group, n = 35).InterventionsThe experimental group was treated with 4 weeks of traditional speech and language therapy (SLT) combined with CAET. The control group underwent SLT only.Main Outcome MeasuresWestern Aphasia Battery [WAB]) with executive dysfunction (as assessed by the verbal fluency test [VFT], the Proverbs Test, the Tower of London Test [TLT], the Stroop Color and Word Test [SCWT], and the Trail Making Test [TMT]).ResultsDifferences between pre‐ and posttreatment language outcomes except oral naming (group × time, p = .236) were significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group: spontaneous speech (group × time, p = .026), auditory comprehension (group × time, p < .001), speech repetition (group × time, p = .001), and aphasia quotient (AQ; group × time, p < .001). A similar effect was observed for cognitive function such as Trial Making Test (TMT)‐A (group × time, p = .006), TMT‐B (group × time, p = .005), and verbal fluency test (VFT‐V; group × time, p = .018).ConclusionThe study demonstrates that CAET combined with SLT can yield favorable language outcomes for PWA, especially improvements in auditory comprehension and AQ. CAET combined with SLT generates benefits in both cognitive function and language performance.
Mechanically robust hydrophobized double network hydrogels and their fundamental salt transport properties
Authors: Allen Marshall J. , Sujanani Rahul , Chamseddine Alyssa , Freeman Benny D. , Page Zachariah A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater swollen polymer networks are attractive for applications ranging from tissue regeneration to water purification. For water purification, charged polymers provide excellent ion separation properties. However, many ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are brittle, necessitating the use of thick support materials that ultimately decrease throughput. To this end, novel double network hydrogels (DNHs) with variable water content are prepared and characterized in terms of mechanical and ion transport properties to evaluate their potential utility as tough membrane materials. The first network contains fixed anionic charges, while the other is comprised of a copolymer with varied ratios of hydrophobic ethyl acrylate (EA) and hydrophilic dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) repeat units. Characterization of freestanding DNH films reveals a reduction in water content from 88 to 53 wt% and a simultaneous increase in ultimate stress and strain by ~3.5× and ~4.5×, respectively, for 95%/5% EA/DMA, relative to 100% DMA. Fundamental salt transport properties relevant to water purification, including permeability, solubility, and diffusivity, are measured and systematically compared with conventional membrane materials to inform the development of DNHs for membrane applications. The ability to simultaneously reduce water content and increase mechanical integrity highlights the potential of DNHs as a synthetic platform for future membrane applications.
Cuboid Cu(HBTC)(H2O)3 synthesis via plasma pretreatment of trimesic acid solution
Authors: Kanno Moriyuki , Ito Tsuyohito , Shimizu Yoshiki , Terashima Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable research attention in recent years, with the focus being on controlling their morphology for various applications. Cu(HBTC)(H2O)3, a one‐dimensional MOF, is constructed with a copper(II) ion and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC, trimesic acid). A two‐dimensional structure can be achieved by adding ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone during synthesis. In this study, its three‐dimensional cuboid Cu(HBTC)(H2O) structure was synthesized by plasma pretreatment of an H3BTC solution.
Plasma‐activated Ringer's lactate solution inhibits the cellular respiratory system in HeLa cells
Authors: Tanaka Hiromasa , Maeda Shogo , Nakamura Kae , Hashizume Hiroshi , Ishikawa Kenji , Ito Mikako , Ohno Kinji , Mizuno Masaaki , Motooka Yashiro , Okazaki Yasumasa , Toyokuni Shinya , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Hori Masaru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma has enabled a variety of new applications in medicine, agriculture, and other industries. It is particularly noteworthy that plasma itself and/or plasma‐activated culture medium have been shown to preferentially kill various cancer cells. We have previously developed a plasma‐activated Ringer's lactate solution (PAL) for use as a new cancer treatment. In this study, behaviors of extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the cellular respiratory system of PAL‐treated HeLa cells were investigated using an extracellular flux analyzer and a probe to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. In PAL‐treated HeLa cells, extracellular hydrogen peroxide in PAL was found to be responsible for the induction of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis, while other components in PAL are responsible for the induction of non‐H2O2 intracellular ROS and non‐apoptotic cell death, which should be clarified by further experiments. We believe that these are long‐lived species derived from plasma‐activated lactates. Furthermore, we found that the plasma‐activated lactates inhibited glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, but not the electron transport chain in HeLa cells. These results suggest that PAL induces multiple modes of cell death, including apoptosis through hydrogen peroxide, and non‐apoptotic cell death associated with the impairment of mitochondrial functions (glycolysis and TCA cycle). These findings shed light on the novel mechanism underlying plasma‐activated lactate‐induced cell death.
Thermal Properties Study of Low‐Melting‐Point‐DNAN and Analysis of Solidification Behavior of High‐Melting‐Point‐DNAN
Authors: Shi Danan , Chen Lizhen , Wang Jianlong , Chen Jun , Pan Hongxia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN) is considered to be the most promising alternative to 1,3,5‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), and the high‐melting‐point‐DNAN (H‐DNAN) has been widely used in military explosives. In this study, the thermal properties of low‐melting‐point‐DNAN (L‐DNAN) was studied by DSC. It was found the melting enthalpy of L‐DNAN is 17.87 kJ mol−1 and the decomposition activation energies were obtained by Kissinger and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa methods as 200 kJ mol−1 and 198 kJ mol−1, respectively. Besides, it was also found that the cooling rate is the main factor that affects the solidification behavior of H‐DNAN. Controlled and slow cooling allows L‐DNAN crystallization from the melt of the more thermodynamically stable high melting point polymorph.
Median‐rate control chart for simultaneous monitoring of frequency and magnitude of events
Authors: Amjadi Nasim , Sabri‐Laghaie Kamyar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractControl charts are one of the most important tools of statistical process control. Many control charts have been developed for the monitoring of time between events. However, there are situations for which magnitude of events is also important and needs to be monitored along with the time between them. In this case, simultaneous monitoring of both time between and magnitude of events can be very efficient in detecting process changes. Therefore, a single control chart, referred to as the median‐rate chart, is developed in this paper for simultaneous monitoring of magnitude and frequency of events. It is supposed that the magnitude and frequency of events are independent, and follow gamma and exponential distributions, respectively. The proposed chart is based on the ratio of magnitude and time between events and the median of these variables. The results of the performance evaluation represent that the median‐rate chart mostly outperforms the existing charts in detecting both small and large shifts of the process. We use the average time to signal for comparing the power of the control charts in detecting out‐of‐control conditions. Finally, some examples are illustrated to show the applicability of the proposed chart.
Static–Dynamic Fluorescence Patterns Based on Photodynamic Disulfide Reactions for Versatile Information Storage
Authors: Niu Yanfang , Li Sen , Zhang Junning , Wan Wang , He Zhenzhu , Liu Jun , Liu Keliang , Ren Sainan , Ge Liqin , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDynamic fluorescence patterns with variable output in response to external stimulus can make the current information storage technologies more flexible and intelligent. Yet it remains a great challenge to create such dynamic patterns because of the complicated synthesis process, high cost, limited stability, and biocompatibility of the functional fluorophores. Herein, a facile approach is presented for creating dynamic fluorescence patterns using the photodynamic surface chemistry based on disulfide bonds. By this method, high‐resolution (≈20 µm) multicolor dynamic fluorescence patterns that are low‐cost and dynamically rewritable can be easily fabricated using classical fluorophores such as fluorescein, rhodamine, and dansyl acid. Owing to the spatio‐temporal controllability of light, the fluorescence patterns can be partly or entirely erased/rewritten on demand, and complex gray‐level fluorescence images with increased information capacity can be easily generated. The obtained fluorescence patterns exhibit little changes after storing in air and solvent environments for 100 days, demonstrating their high stability. In addition, static patterns can also be created on the same disulfide surface using irreversible disulfide–ene chemistry, to selectively control the dynamicity of the generated fluorescence patterns. The authors show the successful application of this strategy on information protection and transformation.
Architecture of Sovereignty Network
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the early design concept of the Internet was decentralized, the control of the basic technology architecture showed a strong centralized form. Therefore, it is imperative to put forward a new network architecture to meet the demand of future network development and realize decentralized management of domain names by technical means. Sovereignty network based on MIN Architecture proposed in this chapter effectively realizes multilateral co-management and co-governance of cyberspace, and ends centralized management under the single IP identifier. At the same time, it protects the network of all countries from the risk of DNS disappearance and blinding caused by the smear of ICANN root zone or hacker attack. Combining multiple security mechanisms, sovereignty network guarantee the endogenous security and reliability, which help to construct secure and private networks. With the construction of the sovereignty network, the co-governance and self-management of all parties in cyberspace can be truly realized.
Boundary electromagnetic duality from homological edge modes
Authors: Mathieu Philippe , Teh Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent years have seen a renewed interest in using ‘edge modes’ to extend the pre-symplectic structure of gauge theory on manifolds with boundaries. Here we further the investigation undertaken in [1] by using the formalism of homotopy pullback and Deligne- Beilinson cohomology to describe an electromagnetic (EM) duality on the boundary of M = B3 × ℝ. Upon breaking a generalized global symmetry, the duality is implemented by a BF-like topological boundary term. We then introduce Wilson line singularities on ∂M and show that these induce the existence of dual edge modes, which we identify as connections over a (−1)-gerbe. We derive the pre-symplectic structure that yields the central charge in [1] and show that the central charge is related to a non-trivial class of the (−1)-gerbe.
Chaotic Motion in the Breathing Circle Billiard
Authors: Bonanno Claudio , Marò Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the free motion of a point particle inside a circular billiard with periodically moving boundary, with the assumption that the collisions of the particle with the boundary are elastic so that the energy of the particle is not preserved. It is known that if the motion of the boundary is regular enough then the energy is bounded due to the existence of invariant curves in the phase space. We show that it is nevertheless possible that the motion of the particle is chaotic, also under regularity assumptions for the moving boundary. More precisely, we show that there exists a class of functions describing the motion of the boundary for which the billiard map has positive topological entropy. The proof relies on variational techniques based on the Aubry–Mather theory.
Development of a life expectancy table for individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tran-Duy An , Knight Josh , Clarke Philip M. , Svensson Ann-Marie , Eliasson Björn , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Tables reporting life expectancies by common risk factors are available for individuals with type 2 diabetes; however, there is currently no published equivalent for individuals with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to develop a life expectancy table using a recently published simulation model for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
The simulation model was developed using data from a real-world population of patients with type 1 diabetes selected from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. The following six important risk factors were included in the life table: sex; age; current smoking status; BMI; eGFR; and HbA1c. For each of 1024 cells in the life expectancy table, a synthetic cohort containing 1000 individuals was created, with other risk factors assigned values representative of the real-world population. The simulations were executed for all synthetic cohorts and life expectancy for each cell was calculated as mean survival time of the individuals in the respective cohort.

Results
There was a substantial variation in life expectancy across patients with different risk factor levels. Life expectancy of 20-year-old men varied from 29.3 years to 50.6 years, constituting a gap of 21.3 years between those with worst and best risk factor levels. In 20-year-old women, this gap was 18.9 years (life expectancy range 35.0–53.9 years). The variation in life expectancy was a function of the combination of risk factor values, with HbA1c and eGFR consistently showing a negative and positive correlation, respectively, with life expectancy at any level combination of other risk factors. Individuals with the lowest level (20 kg/m2) and highest level of BMI (35 kg/m2) had a lower life expectancy compared with those with a BMI of 25 kg/m2. Non-smokers and women had a higher life expectancy than smokers and men, respectively, with the difference in life expectancy ranging from 0.4 years to 2.7 years between non-smokers and smokers, and from 1.9 years to 5.9 years between women and men, depending on levels of other risk factors.

Conclusions/interpretation
The life expectancy table generated in this study shows a substantial variation in life expectancy across individuals with different modifiable risk factors. The table allows for rapid communications of risk in an easily understood format between healthcare professionals, health economists, researchers, policy makers and patients. Particularly, it supports clinicians in their discussion with patients about the benefits of improving risk factors.

Graphical abstract