bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-distributing the field outlets for irrigation networks within the new growth cities: The Central District of Kerbala city as example
Authors: Al-Fawzy Ali Mekki , Hasan Isra’a Abdul-Sahib , Hasan Hayfaa Kareem , Hussein Najm Najm Abdul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Generally, the rivers in both the natural and lined form use the open-section system to carry water, either for distribution or conveyance purposes. With time and depreciation effect, this system needs to be change or modify to become more indirectly suitable with growth of cities, and specially with transformation of land use from agricultural to residential. The present paper aims to reach a proper decision to re-distribute the field outlets for a part of AliHneidiyah river in Karbala city, Republic of Iraq, for the distance between stations (0+000) and (4+000), to choose between keeping up the current number of outlets or reduce them to a certain, actually used one. For this study, the cadastral maps were used as a reference to determine the agricultural areas served by the river during its route within the study area, and geographic information system to monitor the change in the nature of these areas represented by gradual transformation from agricultural to residential purpose, by using of satellite images for four different years, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2016. The results of this study showed a great reduction in the agricultural areas on both sides of the chosen length of river route by a percentage of 88%, which leads to change location and specifications of the remain, actually used outlets. In addition, use the whole section for conveyance purposes to protect the water quality. This study showed that the geographic information system is a good and helpful technique for evaluation and make decisions of water related subjects.
Land covers monitoring for Bahar-Al-Najaf (Iraq) based on sentinel-2 imagery
Authors: Al-Helaly Mustafa Hasan , Alwan I. A. , Al-Hameedawi Amjed Naser 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
the last four years have seen a remarkable rise in water levels to the Bahar-Al- Najaf, which led to some areas adjacent to the Al-Bahar region. This creates a state of confusion in the subject of future planning for land uses within the study area. To examine this problem in practice, the images of the Sentinel-2 satellite (within the period 2016-2020) were selected. The resulted thematic maps included six classes of land use and land cover LULC, these classes are (agricultural areas, built up areas, gypsum soil, clay soil, sandy soil, and water areas). With regard to the accuracy of the performed classification process, the so-called confusion matrix indicates that the overall classification accuracy is about 85%. The study concluded that some of the important land use, both the road pilgrimage, the strategic line and its oil transfer accessories had been overwhelmed by water, as well as water approaches a newly built residential complex near the Bahar Al- Najaf. It is imposed by the study; the federal and local government agencies must take rapid measures and procedures to avoid potential future flood risk.
Investigation soil degradation in Iraq by using geomatics techniques
Authors: Dalhel Fadhaa Turkey , Albayati Muthanna M. , Ziboon Abdulrazak T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study Remote Sensing techniques have been used to investigate soil degradation in Iraq (alluvial plain) for the period (1976 - 2020) by using different many source of data such as satellite images (Landsat 1-5 MSS C1 Level, Landsat 4-5 TM C1 Level-1, Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and sentinel 2) and use more than one software like (ENVI 5.3, ERDAS Imagine 2015, Arc GIS 10.7, and Blender). This study focusing on determine the main degraded areas in Iraq, (alluvial plain) chosen because of spread sand dunes. To make the study soberer, ground trothing achieved to verify the real status of the area and collect the data by field visit. Bands G, B, R, and IR from LANDSAT-3 in 1976, 1996 and 2014, the same bands used from Sentinel-2 dated 2021. Unsupervised classification made for images of 1976 and 1996 then supervised classification did for images in 2014 and 2021. The classification was carried out using ERDAS Imagine V.2015 software and areas of the main land uses in the study area were calculated. The results indicate that there is a big problem in the base year 1976, this problem almost disappeared in the second station of work 1996, but it returned back after that through the results for the years 2014 and 2021.
Assessment of load capacity of piles and conclusion of a new criterion using static load tests
Authors: Hussein H. H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of 27 field tests carried out on different piles driven in various parts of Iraq. This evaluation is made in terms of the pile bearing capacity of each pile, using nine methods. These methods are (Davison offset limit, Chin konder, Brinch Hansen 80%, Brinch Hansen 90%, De court, De Beer, Vander Veen, Fuller&Hoy and Butler&Hoy). The evaluation has shown that De Beer, Chin kondeer, and Vanderveen methods are the best methods because the maximum bearing capacity obtained by these methods is associated with a low pile settlement, although Vander Veen method is time-consuming. Fuller&Hoy and Davison methods are very close and give good results, the maximum bearing capacity obtained by these two methods give high pile settlement, leading to structure failure, especially for structures subjected to loading and unloading. Brinch Hansen 90% and Butler&Hoy methods are suitable methods because they give a good and acceptable bearing capacity with very small pile settlement. As for Brinch Hansen 80% and De Beer methods, they provide high bearing capacity than the failure load. They can be used by multiplying the resulting values by 0.85 to get the maximum bearing capacity of the pile. The study shows that the ratio of 10% after comparing it with results is a bit exaggerating, and 4% of pile diameter can be used as a criterion to find the ultimate load.
Flexural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Hybridization Rebars
Authors: Al-Bahrany Barakat Shakir , Alkhudery Hayder H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with hybridization steel rebar enclosed by CFRP sheet has been explored in this paper. Seven specimens have been casted and tested under two-point load, one served as a control beam which was reinforced by ordinary steel bars, and six beams were reinforced with hybrid steel bar/sheet CFRP. Two main parameters have been considered which were the length of the hybrid steel bar/sheet CFRP and layers of carbon sheet warping steel bar. The response has been investigated in terms of failure modes, ultimate load, first cracking load, maximum deflection, crack patterns, load-deflection curves. The experimental results indicated that hybrid steel bar/sheet CFRP techniques yielded the same behavior as the control beams and reduced the maximum deflection. Also, it is improved the load capacity by about (4.35% to 42.61%) in comparison with reference beam. Effective reduction of maximum deflection was indicated throughout behavior of all enhanced specimens while no change was recorded in first cracking load in comparison with control specimen. Hybridization length (1200 mm) which represent two-thirds of beam length gives an optimal length of strengthening for one and two layers in terms of ultimate load by 21.74% and 39.13% compared to control beam, respectively.
Improvement shear properties of HMA using crumb rubber with different filler
Authors: Allateef Eman Abd , Abd Ali Abd Alhaq Hadi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRutting is one of the big problems in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. The primary mechanism of HMA rutting is shear deformation, often caused by high stress in HMA layers during traffic loading, especially at high temperatures. Current HMA rutting tests are not necessarily designed to capture HMA shear properties such as shear strength, shear strain, and shear module. The present work explores the behavior of the shear strength properties of HMA modified with Crumb Tire Rubber (CTR) and two types of filler (brick and lime dust in comparison with passing sieving No.200 as control filler) by developing a Simple Punching Shear Test (SPST) under control of temperature and loading rate. A series of laboratory sample tests to formulate and set up the SPST protocol and the related test parameters, derive the SPST results from the analysis sample to capture the HMA shear parameters from the results, and comparatively evaluate the shear properties of HMA mixes. Results have shown that the SPST is relatively receptive to the form of modifier and filler. Using limestone dust as with (5%) CTR content increased higher shear strength, the rate of increase was about (44.44%) and (51.38%). Also 5% to 7% CTR content with lime dust filler lowering shear strain more than for brick dust filler.
Structural performance of a steel tower model under seismic loading
Authors: Adnan Muaid , Al-Wazni Saad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research represents the dynamic behavior of the steel tower structural model due to applying seismic load. The 3D finite element model is created using ANSYS-software to simulate the real structure used in experiment. The dynamic properties, natural frequencies and mode shapes, are extracted and compared with the experimental model values. The comparison is implemented to verify the FE analysis procedure of the tower model with experimental model results and they are accepted by 83% tuning ratio. The nonlinear seismic analysis is applied to the structural model using observed ground motion in 1999 Turkey Earthquake. The seismic load is applied in two cases; the first is in the x-direction of the structural tower model and the other in the y-direction of the model in a horizontal plane. The maximum response displacements in x and y-axis and load displacement hysteresis for both loading cases are exhibited. The results display that the tower structural model failed with large response displacement in the first few time of ground motion according to IBC-2018 and NBCC-2005. The collapse of the tower structural model occurred after time 18 sec and the applied seismic loading in x-axis has significant effect.
Trip attraction model of selected zones in Baghdad city
Authors: Majeed N H , Qasim G J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The initiation of this analysis is to establish a mathematical model for predicting trip attraction for Bab al-moadam sector in Baghdad city that involving land use features. To achieve the study objective, the study area is divided into two zones. A conversation mechanism has been adopted to collect data. The data collection included all education centers, state institutions, shopping centers, and health centers, and their numbers were 21 educational centers, 10 centers belonging to state institutions, 5 shopping centers, 12 health centers. The trip attraction models for six purposes of trips(Educational, state institution, shopping, health, other trips, and the total trips) have been developed. These models have been built when the gathered data was fed to the (spss) software version 22 by using stepwise regression process. The results show that the attraction of trips is highly related to the number and diversity of vital centers in the region. we conclude from this study that educational trips depend on the number of students. Work t rips depend on the number of employees. The number of stores is the most influencing factor on shopping trips. Health trips depend largely on the number of beds in addition to the number of patients in consulting clinics and emergency clinics. Other trips are it depends on other health trips, other educational trips and other work trips, the number of total trips that are attracted to the study area depend on the number of employees, the number of health staff, the number of visitor, and the number of students.
Sustainability of using reclaimed asphalt pavement: based-reviewed evidence
Authors: Enieb M , Hasan Al-Jumaili Mohammed Abbas , Eedan Al-Jameel Hamid Athab , Eltwati A S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The concept of sustainability is considered essential in the development of the asphalt mixtures industry, due to its economic and environmental benefits. This study attempts to highlight the potential benefits of sustainability using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). It reviews previous studies conducted on RAP to obtain the most important characteristics in how to use the optimal content of RAP and its effect on some basic properties such as resilient modulus, susceptibility to moisture, permanent deformation, and fatigue. This study mainly focuses on the advantages of using RAP materials in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The results indicated that adding 30% of RAP to virgin asphalt mixtures gives the best performance in terms of the most studied characteristics.
The Use of Geographic Information System to Analyze Stations Locating for Proposed Rapid Bus Route in AL KUT City.
Authors: Balket Shaymaa F. , Asmael Noor M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) It is one of the public vehicle systems in modern cities that provides fast, convenient, and cost-saving transport services. It operates on separate lines. The activation of the BRT system depends on the locations of the stations within its route. If the stations were located in suitable locations, it would attract a large number of passengers, this contributes to an increase in the use of public transport and thus reduces traffic congestion, road accidents and environmental pollution in the city. In this research, station locations for the proposed BRT route in Al Kut city will be studied and analyzed. 10 candidate sites were selected for BRT stations. Criteria that were used to analyze the sites of these stations are the locations of government institutions, health and educational services, stopping points for current means of transportation, and the population density of city areas. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology was used to represent these criteria spatially on the map to be processed and prepared for analysis using the Services Coverage Tool (Service Area) and allocation Tool (Allocation – Location) available in the network analysis toolbar and overlay tool (intersect) in the Toolbox menu. The results of the analysis showed that the sites of (10) BRT stations are within good and reasonable services coverage areas in relation to the services distribution sites in the city and the BRT route site, as the stations cover (76) government site, (69) educational institutions, (10) health sites, and (11) stops for the current transportation lines. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that the coverage of BRT stations is 88% of the total population density in the city.
Effect of reinforcing materials on mechanical properties of composite material using Taguchi method
Authors: Owaid Anmar Abdulazeez , Kaygusuz Hakan , Mohammed Farag Mahel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mechanical properties play an important role in the selection of suitable material in the manufacturing of boats. In this paper, the effect of glass fiber orientations and the fillers weight fraction on the mechanical properties of un saturated polyester composite material were studied. The glass fibers were used with (0/0, 0/90, 45/45) angles. The carbon filler used with (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%), while the aluminium oxide nano be used with (0%, 1%, 3%) weight fraction respectively. The standard Taguchi’s array L9 (33) was used. The signal to noise ratio and analysis of variance were introduced to analyze and estimate the optimal combination parameters. The results show that the mechanical properties improved with using the reinforcements. The glass fibers orientations angle presents the most parameter effect than the other parameters on the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and impact strength with a contribution of 81.8%, 83.39% and 96.75% respectively. Followed by carbon and aluminium oxide nano. The optimum parameter with their levels for the highest modulus of elasticity was obtained at (0/90 fiber orientation, 5% carbon and 0% nano aluminium oxide). While the highest tensile strength and impact strength present with using (0/0 fiber orientation and 5% carbon). The experimental and expected results are very close, with an error ratio not exceeding 5%.
Modified Bridgeless Landsman Converter Fed EV Battery Charger with Improved Power Factor
Authors: Dinesh M. , Bhaskar K.B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research work focuses on the design and construction of a novel Battery-powered Electric Vehicle (BpEV) and to enhance the power-factor of the input AC. This is accomplished by substituting the prevalent diode converter with a newer, high-quality Landsman converter that is equipped with power-factor tuning. The Flyback-isolated and PFC converters work together to let the EV battery to switch between constant current and constant voltage modes. The recommended PFC converter is regulated using a single entity to attain consistent DC-link voltage and to boost the power-factor close to unity, with simulation carried out using MATLAB. As per the findings, a minimum of 60V DC output is required for charging the battery and suppressing input harmonics. In comparison to the usual architecture, the suggested scheme could provide increased power quality, very little device stress, less ripple at both input and output, and significantly lower harmonics. To validate the simulation results, a prototype is developed and deployed to charge a 48V EV battery with a rating of 100Ah in order to make it compliant with the IEC 61000-3-2 standard, particularly in the case of high voltage spikes at the input. The charger’s performance has been deemed to be good in all conditions based on matlab simulation results.
Synthesis and characterization of flower-like Al2O3:C for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter
Authors: Chobpattana Varistha , Chutimasakul Threeraphat , Rungpin Nittima , Rattanarungruangchai Natch , Assavajamroon Ploy , Kwamman Tanagorn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Growth in radiation diagnosis and therapy drives personal radiation dosimeters for physical and radiological protection control. Nevertheless, OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) personal dosimeters in Thailand are all imported. In this work, the particulate and flower-like structure of carbon-doped alpha aluminum oxide polycrystal (α-Al2O3:C) with the various carbon dopants (0.1% and 1 %) were studied as a detector in the OSL personal dosimeter. The particulate powder was prepared by alumina powder (295 nm). The flower-like structure α-Al2O3:C was prepared by boehmite precursors, synthesizing from aluminum sulfate via the low-cost and low-temperature hydrothermal method and sucrose as carbon sources. The crystalline structure was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical properties and oxygen vacancies were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size of as-prepared flower-like structure α-Al2O3: C was 2–3 μm confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alumina precursors and carbon dopants affected electron trapping states, morphologies, and OSL outputs. This finding successfully proved that the flower-like α-Al2O3 derived from boehmite precursor exhibits excellent OSL sensitivities to beta irradiation (better than that of the particulate power of α-Al2O3: C) and responded linearly in the range of 0–80 kGy.
Quantum dots/graphene nanohybrids photodetectors: progress and perspective
Authors: Wu Judy , Gong Maogang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots/graphene heterostructure nanohybrids combine the advantages of the enhanced light–matter interaction and spectral tunability of quantum dots (QDs) and high charge mobility in graphene as a charge transport pathway, providing a unique platform for exploration of photodetectors with high performance. In particular, the QDs/graphene nanohybrids allow resolution to the critical issue of charge transport in QDs-only photodetectors stemming from the low charge mobility associated with both QD surface defect states and inter-QD junctions. Furthermore, the achieved capability in industrial-scale fabrication of graphene and colloidal QDs has motivated efforts in research of QDs/graphene nanohybrids focal plane arrays that are expected to be not only high performance and low cost, but also light-weight, flexible and wearable. This paper aims to highlight recent progress made in the research and development of QDs/graphene nanohybrid photodetectors and discuss the challenges remained towards their commercial applications.
A-4 Amyloid Status Modifies the Association between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Brain MRI Metrics
Authors: Steinbach Marilyn J , Khan Omair A , Liu Dandan , Gilbert Camdyn , Thwaites Natalie , Cambronero Francis E , Moore Elizabeth E , Bown Corey W , Acosta Lealani Mae Y , Spirko Katie Osborn , Pechman Kimberly R , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hohman Timothy J , Jefferson Angela L , Gifford Katherine A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a potential precursor to Alzheimer’s disease (ad), has been associated with increased neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease longitudinally. However, the impact of amyloid status, an early pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (ad) on these longitudinal associations is less clear. Here, we related baseline SCD to longitudinal biomarkers of brain health in the context of amyloid status.

Method
Participants included 139 non-demented older adults (72 ± 7 years) from the Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project who completed a SCD questionnaire and fasting lumbar-puncture to quantify amyloid status (defined using published cutoffs of amyloid-beta42 levels) at baseline. 3 T brain-MRI to measure gray and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes was collected at baseline, 18-months, 3-years, and 5-years. Linear mixed effects models assessed if baseline SCD X amyloid status was associated with longitudinal total and lobar grey and white matter volumes, covarying for baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, diagnosis, mood, and apolipoprotein-Ee4 status. Models were also stratified by baseline amyloid status.

Results
Baseline SCD score and amyloid status interacted with total gray (p = 0.02) and WMH volume (p &lt; 0.05). In stratified models, higher total SCD predicted increased inferior lateral ventricular volume (p &lt; 0.001) among amyloid positive individuals. Conversely, in amyloid negative, greater baseline SCD was associated with increased WMH volumes globally (p = 0.03) and in the frontal and parietal lobes (p-values &lt;0.035).

Conclusion
In the presence of amyloid, the presence of SCD is predictive of neurodegeneration in ad-specific regions. Conversely, SCD without amyloidosis may reflect a cerebrovascular disease, indicated by WMHs. Results highlight how amyloid status may help delineate etiologies of SCD.