bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Cost For Protecting Instructional Time: A Pilot Study of Primary and Secondary Schools in Malaysia
Authors: Et.al Ramlee Ismail 
Published: April 2021

The education sector is truly a labor-intensive industry. A large chunk of the financial cost for managing this industry is the workforce, that is, salaries for the teachers. The absenteeism of teachers, whether due to absence from the school or occupied with other duties, causes a disruption in the teaching and learning process. Classroom productivity is affected because instruction cannot take place and this will give rise to the students to experience an adverse economic impact. This financial loss to students can be estimated based on the salaries received by teachers. Two schools, a primary and a secondary school, are used for the pilot study. This case study involved 112 teachers from a primary school and 75 teachers from a high school in Kuala Lumpur. Data collected, over a period of one year, include attendance records, teacher movement records and medical appointment letters. On average, teachers who were absent from school or the classroom comprised10% of the school year. 50% of the teacher absenteeism was due to personal reasons, and 50% was due to work duties. The financiallossto students due to teacher absenteeism is estimated to be equal to that of the teacher’s average monthly salary. The total costs to both schools were calculated to be more than half a million Malaysian Ringgit for an academic year of schooling. This amount is enough to pay the annual salaries of almost seven teachers for each school. Instructional time lost needs to be prevented as this means high financial costs and an adverse impact on student learning. It also indicates the inefficient use and management of economic resources. However, the findings based on one case study alone are insufficient tojustify for an immediate change in the education policies. Further in-depth study involving more samples and more comprehensive research needs to be carried out to obtain a better picture.
The Influence Of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Motivation And Compensation On Mathematics School TeacherPerformance
Authors: Et.al Angga Pratama 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction, the effect of compensation on job satisfaction, the influence of work motivation on job satisfaction,the influence of transformational leadership, compensation and work motivation together on job satisfaction This research is a quantitative research. The population in this study are Mathematic teachers. The sample of the study was 75 teachers.Data collection was done by using questionnaire method. Data analysis technique used is regression technique supported by T test, path analysis test and classical assumption test with SPSS 20.00 for windows application. The result of data analysis with significance 0,05 shows that there is no positive and significant influence between transformational leadership to job
satisfaction. There is no positive and significant influence between compensation on job satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation on job satisfaction. And There is a positive and significant influence of transformational leadership, compensation and work motivation on job satisfaction at mathematics Teachers
Mental Imagery And Performance Improvement Of Basketball Athletes In The 16-18 Year Age Group
Authors: Et.al Fakhri Fajrin Kurniawan 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between mental imagery and performance improvement of basketball athletes in the 16-18 year age group. This study used quantitative research methods. The research sample consisted of 30 basketball athletes in the Cirebon area using the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used mental imagery training and an athlete's performance improvement scale developed according to the needs. The result showed the value r count for correlation Mental Imagery with Athlete’s performance improvement was 0.853 > r table 0.361. So it could be concluded that there correlation between mental imagery with Basketball athlete’s performance improvement in the 16 until 18 year age group. The result suggests that the higher the mental imagery, the higher the performance improvement in basketball athletes in the 16 until 18 year age group and vice versa.
An Efficient Lossless Compression algorithm for Medical images
Authors: Sandhu Amanpreet Kaur 
Published: April 2021

Medical image compression plays a vital role in diagnosis of diseases which allowing manipulation, efficient, transmission and storage of color, binary and grayscale image. Before transmission and storage, a medical image may be required to be compressed. The objective of the study is to develop an efficient and effective technique for digital medical images which alleviates the blocking artifacts from grayscale image while retaining all relevant structures. In this paper, we demonstrate a highly engineered postprocessing filtering approach has been designed to remove blocking effects from medical images at low bit rate. The proposed technique is comprised of three strategies i.e. 1) a threshold valve scheme which is used to capture the pixel vectors containing blocking artifacts. 2) Blocking artifacts measurement techniques. The blocking artifacts are measured by three frequency related modes (low, Moderate and high frequency model). 3) A directional filter which is used to remove over-smoothing and ringing artifacts near edges of block boundary. The algorithm is tested on digital medical grayscale images from different modalities. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed technique is more efficient on the basis of PSNR-B, MSSIM, and MOS indices than the state-of-the-art methods. The proposed algorithm can be seamlessly applied in area of medical image compression which high transmission efficiency and acceptable image quality can be guaranteed.
Automate Identification and Recognition of Handwritten Text from an Image
Authors: Et.al Siddharth Salar 
Published: April 2021

Handwritten text acknowledgment is yet an open examination issue in the area of Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This paper proposes a productive methodology towards the advancement of handwritten text acknowledgment frameworks. The primary goal of this task is to create AI calculation to empower element and information extraction from records with manually written explanations, with an, expect to distinguish transcribed words on a picture.
The main aim of this project is to extract text, this text can be handwritten text or it can machine printed text and convert it into computer understandable or wNe can say computer editable format. To implement thais project we have used PyTesseract which is an open-sourcemOCR engine used to recognize handwritten text and OpenCV a library in python used to solve computer vision problems. So the input image is executed in various steps, first there is pre-processing of an image then there is text localization after that there is character segmentation and character recognition and finally we have post-processing of image. Further image processingalgorithms can also be used to deal with the multiple characters input in a single image, tilt image, or rotated image. The prepared framework gives a normal precision of more than 95 % with the concealed test picture.
Recent Advances of STATCOM in Power Transmission Lines – A Review
Authors: Et.al Mr. L NarayanaGadupudi 
Published: April 2021

Internal Liability of power system transmission lines influenced by the turbulences owing to catastrophic disasters. In order to achieve Constant Voltage Stability at both ends of the transmission lines, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is imperative. Voltage source Converter mechanisms augment with switching frequency control methodologies are widely adopted to regulate the reactive power. By deliberating IEEE Standards, the minimization of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is conceivable with STATCOM. This paper depicts the advancement of VSC based STATCOM approaches and the methodologies to minimize the switching losses. Economical management of High-Power ratings systems is also discussed in this paper
Innovative Smart Water Management System Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Et.al Aamir Khambati 
Published: April 2021

The research paper proposes an effective solution to the critical problem of management of water resources. With the growing awareness of the need for water conservation, the world is gearing to accommodate and implement latest technology for the optimum utilisation of the drying up reservoirs. This paper aims at developing a cost effective, portable and ready to plug mechanism labelled as “Innovative Smart Water Management System Using Artificial Intelligence” which shall monitor the proportion of water usage per household and keep a tracking on metric usage on the water usage on a weekly, monthly or a yearly basis. The data generated will be established and collected in the Firebase server. Based on the collected data, it shall also make predictions on the usage and hence allocate resources in a controlled fashion as per requirement. Later the data will be modelled in Time Series fashion to generate real time prediction of water consumption for the household respectively. The water consumer can track the usage by a custom-made android application on MIT App Inventor. Extensive, detailed instructions have been provided on the initial setup procedure and installation. The water monitoring module is used on a daily basis and a tab is kept on the amount of water spilled. This will keep a check on the casual approach of people towards water. It will also encourage a more systematic method to handle water resources and hence would result in better conservation efforts
Recognition for lateral faces using Neural Networks
Authors: Et. al. Dr.M.Aruna Safali 
Published: April 2021

Face recognition is most difficult and complicated technique. Recognition of lateral faces is very difficult compare with normal face recognition. Pattern recognition is mostly used in this system to recognise the lateral face patterns (LFP). Neural network is used to find the patterns and lateral face recognition can be done by this technique. After the many researches face recognition becomes difficulty for the various techniques based on their parameters. In this paper, the amalgamative lateral face recognition(ALFR) which is merged with machine learning and neural network features can be done by using synthetic dataset consists of 200 lateral faces. Performance shows the improved results of proposed technique.
Assessing the Factor Influence on Patent Activity in Mining and Metallurgical Industry (e.g. Nano Products)
Authors: Et. al. Svetlana A. Ulyanova 
Published: April 2021

The creation of an intellectual property product with a vector of effective implementation into production predetermines the search for optimal proportions of interaction between scientific, industrial, and educational parameters. Scientific, industrial and educational types of organizations are proposed to be interpreted as objects of interrelated elements that have a direct impact on patent activity in the field of nano production. Additional emphasis was placed on the factors that arise in the process of commercialization of objects of intellectual activity and have a critical impact on the final results of the process. In this connection, it was proposed to introduce the concept of dysfunction (a dysfunctional indicator of the promotion of high technology products), considered as a factor-obstacle in the process of entering the market of intellectual property. It also introduces the definition of success (an indicator of the success of promoting science-intensive products), considered as a vector antonym of dysfunction, which is a defining tool to improve the effectiveness of the strategy for the commercialization of scientific developments and projects.
The paper defines the boundaries of the indicators of success and the dysfunctionality of the patent activity of high technology products using the example of nanomaterials. The indicators were evaluated for their compliance with the proposed criteria. This approach can be positioned as a way to identify and correct dysfunctional and successful factors that predetermine the effectiveness of patent activity of high technology products in the mining and metallurgical industry.
The article proposes a model for assessing the factors affecting patent activity in the mining and metallurgical complex, based on the division of factors into blocks of standard and specific purposes, based on the specifics of the nano object of the mining and metallurgical complex as a product on the market. The model includes scientific, educational, and industrial indices that have a direct impact on patenting activity in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the mining and metallurgical industry. The correspondence of scientific, production, and educational parameters was checked on the example of a science-intensive product of the proposed model for increasing patent activity
Attitude of Students towards Cooperative Skills in Learning Kadazandusun Language in Malaysia
Authors: Et.al Minah Sintian 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to identify the attitude of students towards cooperative skills in the learning of Kadazandusun language in a few secondary schools around Sabah state, Malaysia. The respondents consist of 265 Form 2 students from eight secondary schools, who is learning Kadazandusun language. The 5 point Likert scale is used in the questionnaire. There are ten items each with the attitude and cooperative skills section. To analyse the data obtained, descriptive analysis and Spearman’s Rhohave been used. The descriptive result shows a mean score for attitude is between 3.04 to 4.31, and 4.07 to 4.57 for cooperative skills. Correlation analysis shows a significant positive and medium strength of relationship between the attitude of students with cooperative skills in learning Kadazandusun language,(rs=0.533, p<0.01). This research implicates the importance of cooperative skills in learning Kadazandusun language in the 21st century in line with the need of industrial revolution 4.0.
Press Report on Development of Youth Clubs and Associations in Perak before the Second World War
Authors: Et.al Siti Zahrah Mahfood 
Published: April 2021

Activities of youth clubs and associations in Perak were reported in newspapers prior to the Second World War. Based on library research, the primary sources examined, were newspapers such as Taiping Weekly, The Times of Malaya and Planters & Miners Gazette. Other documents and previous studies related to this study contributed to the discussions presented in this paper. This paper focused on details relating to the foundation of clubs and associations in Perak since the British set foot in Malaya. The establishment of these youth clubs and associations opened new avenues for youths from different ethnic backgrounds to participate in activities within their communities which garnered encouragement from the British for youth activities in Perak. Such support from the British reflected their eagerness in developing clubs and associations in Perak. This then served as a catalyst for youths to be involved in organising and establishing clubs and societies. While these clubs and associations developed and expanded, so did the leadership skills among their youths in Perak. There has not been much discussions about youth development and issues related to youth clubs and associations prior to the Second World War. As such, this study attempts to demonstrate the importance and role of youth clubs and associations in Perak that served as a vehicle in shaping peoples’ perception prior to the Second World War.
The Role of Shariah Supervisory Board in Legitimizing the Existence of Sudanese Islamic Banks through Social Responsibility Reporting
Authors: Et.al Azam Abdelhakeem Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Purpose -This study empirically investigates the function of Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) in legitimizing the social and ethical existence of Sudanese banks through the dissemination of data onIslamic social in annual reports.
Design/methodology/approach -The paper examines a panel dataset covering the period 2006 – 2015 through the use of disclosure index and content analysis from 150annual reports of Sudanese banks. The role of SSB is expressed from the aspects of Corporate Governance mechanisms (i.e. board size, independency, doctoral qualification, cross- directorship, and the overall effect of SSB mechanisms).The current study employs the multiple regression models by using STATA-13 statistical toolin answering the research questions.
Findings -The empirical results indicate that the board size, doctoral qualification, and cross-directorship of the members were positively correlatedwith the disclosure degree of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) in the annual reports of Sudanese Islamic banks, which is in favour of legitimacy theory. Meanwhile, results indicate that, in contrary to legitimacytheory’s assumptions,the independence of SSB members is found to negatively correlate with the ICSR level of disclosure of the sampled Sudanese banks’ annual reports. Furthermore, the overall effects of SSB mechanisms are found to positivelyimpact the ICSR disclosure level. The study’sfindings add new empirical evidence to support the view that social information disclosure by companies is influenced by country- cultural context within which the company operates.
Theoretical implication - In theory, this paper offers an analysis on CSR in Sudan from Islamic point of view. This paper is vital in view that social responsibility is highly regarded by Islam. Therefore, social responsibility must be adopted by all Islamic organizations, particularly the Islamic banks.
Originality/value – From the researchers’ perspective, this study is the pioneer thatinvestigates the role of SSB on Sudanese Islamic banks through social responsibility reporting using legitimacy theory.
Implementation and Design of Wireless IoT Network using Deep Learning
Authors: Et.al S.V.Manikanthan 
Published: April 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology and plays a key role in just this process. In designing better cities,embedded devices include this new technology, which the internet is similar to everybody. IoT solutions are spread through different regions, such as agriculture, healthcare, the motor industry, education, and home automation, etc. wireless communication (WC) is now becoming an efficient role for incorporating wireless communicationenvironment, computers, organizations, and governments. WC is a budding technology in IoT, and it involves further learning. This dilemma motivates the authors to suggest a standardized IoT WC system. The formation is subdivided into four tiers, according to the IoT architecture. The initial two steps concentrate on the design of Sensors and gateways; cloud integration is identified in the third stage, the server configuration is discussed in the fourth stage, and cloud integration is listed in the third stage user interface is seen in the fifth stage. Proposed, hence, the solution enables the IoT application developer's work. The design using the clean energy consumption case study. Sensors and Raspberry pi are used in the application to quantify and then provide electricity usage using wireless communication between the devices consumed by the home or building. This provides the client with a rising knowledge of the pattern of power consumption and the usage of electricity using Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).
Development of Chicken Nutritional Quality Classification Methods and Algorithms Eggs Based on Characteristics of Yellow Eggs
Authors: Et.al Juli Yanto 
Published: April 2021

In order to sustain human life, food is a very necessary material, since the human body requires nutrition to be used in everyday activities. In this case, eggs are among the nutritional intake, a protein that is commonly consumed by the community, particularly native chicken eggs that are available quite a lot. The nutritional quality does have beneficial advantages for the human body in all areas of the egg. In eggs, 10.8 percent of the protein content the body requires is in egg whites and 16.3 percent in egg yolks. The consistency of the egg is defined by the yolk color strength. The principal characteristic of egg quality is the yolk color. There are three basic forms of widely discovered shades of egg yolk. Pale yellow, plain yellow and orange yellow. Vitamin A, vitamin B2, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and cholesterol are rich in vitamins and minerals in egg yolks. Using the object image of 30 egg yolks, the preprocessing process with the background image is then uniform in size and then grouped by color-dependent characteristics so that the nutritional quality can be identified and the attribute extract is grouped using matlab based on sample testing at the Broad Research and Implementation of Biotechnology BPPT Testing Laboratory The convolutional process of neural networks. Development of characteristic digital image-driven extraction of chicken egg yolk and implementation of nutritional quality grouping of eggs based on characteristic colour extraction of egg yolk. In yellow colour, chicken offers 94% similarity.
ON SOME BOUNDS OF THE MINIMUM EDGE DOMINATING ENERGY OF A GRAPH
Authors: Et. al. A.Sharmila , 
Published: April 2021

Let G be a simple graph of order n with vertex set V= {v1, v2, ..., vn} and edge set E = {e1, e2, ..., em}. A subset of E is called an edge dominating set of G if every edge of E - is adjacent to some edge in .Any edge dominating set with minimum cardinality is called a minimum edge dominating set [2]. Let be a minimum edge dominating set of a graph G. The minimum edge dominating matrix of G is the m x m matrix defined by
G)= , where =
The characteristic polynomial of is denoted by
fn (G, ρ) = det (ρI - (G) ).
The minimum edge dominating eigen values of a graph G are the eigen values of (G). Minimum edge dominating energy of G is defined as
(G) = [12]
In this paper we have computed the Minimum Edge Dominating Energy of a graph. Its properties and bounds are discussed. All graphs considered here are simple, finite and undirected.
The Model of Heavy Industries Profitability
Authors: Et. al. R. Nasution, 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of cash turnover, receivebles turnover and sales on profitability of Astra International registered on Indonesian Stock Exchange within the time span of eight years (2011 to 2018). Methods of data analysis using the classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, F test, and t test. The Finding of this study were cash turnover, receivable turnover,and sales have a simultaneously affect on profitability of Firm, Whereas the two variables, cash turnover and sales had a partially positive affect on profitability of Firm, Meanwhile receivable turnover had a partially negative affect on profitability of Firm. The implication of this study to the firm in facing challenging business conditions is to implement cost efficiency programs that emphasize various innovative steps and at the same time focus on the availability of distribution support, ease of access and guaranteed product and service quality for customers.