bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Decline Analysis in Fractured Horizontal Wells: Comparison between Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test, Flowback, and Main Stage Falloff
Authors: Wang HanYi , Elliott Brendan , Sharma Mukul 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe pressure decline data after the end of a hydraulic fracture stage are sometimes monitored for an extended period of time. However, to the best of our knowledge, these data are not analyzed and are often ignored or underappreciated because of a lack of suitable models for the closure of propped fractures. In this study, we present a new approach to model and analyze pressure decline data that are available in unconventional horizontal wells with multistage, transverse hydraulic fracturing. The methods presented in this study allow us to quantify closure stress and average pore pressure inside the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and to infer the uniformity of proppant distribution without additional data acquisition costs. For the first time, field data of diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), flowback, and pressure decline of main fracturing stages from the same well are compared and analyzed. We found that the early-time main fracturing stage pressure decline trend is controlled by fracture tip extension, followed by progressive hydraulic fracture closure on the proppant pack, whereas late-time pressure decline reflects linear flow. When DFIT data are not available, pressure decline analysis of a main hydraulic fracturing stage can be a substitution if it can be monitored for an extended period to allow fracture closure on proppants and asperities.
Involuntary Markers of Saliency and Surprise Revealed by Oculomotor Inhibition in Response to Auditory Sequences
Authors: Kadosh Oren , Bonneh Yoram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Our eyes move constantly but are often inhibited momentarily in response to external stimuli. The properties of this Oculomotor-Inhibition (OMI) depend on stimulus saliency, anticipation, and attention. Previous studies have shown prolonged saccadic inhibition for auditory oddballs; however, they required active counting of the oddballs. Here we investigated whether the OMI response to auditory deviants can provide a quantitative measure of deviance strength (auditory pitch difference) and studied its dependence on the Inter-Trial Interval (ITI). Participants fixated on a central fixation stimulus and passively listened to repeated short sequences of pure tones that contained a deviant tone either regularly or with 20% probability (the Oddball paradigm). They did not perform any task or requested to attend to a specific stimulus. As in previous studies, the results showed prolonged microsaccade inhibition and increased pupil dilation following the rare deviant tone. Moreover, the inhibition onset latency was shorter in proportion to the pitch deviance (the saliency effect), and the release was significantly longer for rare deviants (the surprise effect) as long as the ITI was short (<2.5s). Longer ITIs induced higher microsaccade and blink rates together with smaller pupil dilation, indicating a reduction of alertness. Taken together, these results suggest that OMI provides involuntary markers of saliency and surprise, which can be obtained without the participant’s response.
Antimicrobial activity of volatile constituents extracted by hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction methods from different parts of Saudi Anethum graveolens L.
Authors: Aati Hanan , Perveen Shagufta , Orfali Raha , Wanner Juergen , Aati Sultan , Al-Taweel Areej , Kayser Oliver 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anethum graveolens L. (AG) is one of the most important aromatic herb, used in folk medicine to cure many illinesses. The current work was carried to compare the chemical composition and the antimicrobial potency of Saudi AG essential oils obtained from different parts. The oils constituents were extracted by two techniques; the Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) and traditional hydrodistillation (HD), then the constituents of each extracted oil were quantitavly and qualitatively identified. The essential oil isolated from AG seeds exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity comparing to other essential oils isolated from other parts of the same plant followed by flowers, leaves and stems, respectively. Interestingly, all tested AG essential oil samples showed stronger antifungal activity against Aspergillus parasiticus than the control antifungal itraconzole used in the study. Our finding suggest that AG seed essential oil may be considered as an alternative safe remedy derived from a natural source used to cure many uncomplicated infections. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical compostion of the Saudi AG oils isolated by different methods with a comparable testing against different pathogenic microorganisms.
Physical activity level and associated factors among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Tegene Yadessa , Mengesha Selamawit , Starre Caroline , Lako Stephanie , Toma Alemayehu , Spigt Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: People living with HIV, who take Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), often enjoy long and healthy lives, but this therapy has well known metabolic adverse effects. Physical activity is found to be an important factor in improving these physiological parameters. This study aimed to determine physical activity level and associated factors among HIV patients in Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2019. We selected a total of 422 adult HIV patients, attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in three selected hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected at routine care consultations by nine trained nurses using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The level of physical activity was measured by the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Result: The mean age of participants was 38.7±9.13 years. Of the participants, 68% were physically inactive, with a higher proportion of inactive women (74%) than men (61%) [(AOR=1.64, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.53)]. In addition, urban vs. rural residents [(AOR=2.57, 95% CI: (1.16, 5.72)] and patients who were on ART for ≥24 months [(AOR=1.1.88, 95% CI: (1.15, 3.08)] had higher odds of having a low physical activity level. Conclusion: Most people living with HIV and receiving ART have low physical activity levels. Especially female and urban living patients and those with longer treatment duration have low levels of physical activity. More insight is needed on the reasons for physical inactivity among HIV patients and physical activity programs for HIV patients in low-income countries need to be developed.
Network complexity of rubber plantations is lower than tropical forests for soil bacteria but not fungi
Authors: Lan Guoyu , Wu Zhixiang , Yang Chuan , Sun Rui , Chen Bangqian , Zhang Xicai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. Past research has examined the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial composition and diversity, but it remains unknown how networks within these communities respond to forest conversion such as when tropical rainforest are replaced with rubber plantations. In this study, we used Illumina sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing to analyze bacterial and fungal community network structure in a large number of soil samples from tropical rainforest and rubber plantation sites in Hainan Island, China. Our results showed only a few shared network edges were observed in both bacterial and fungal communities, which indicates that forest conversion altered soil microbial network structure. We found a greater degree of network structure and a larger number of network edges among bacterial networks in samples from tropical rainforest compared to samples from rubber plantations. The difference was especially pronounced during the rainy season and indicates that rainforest bacterial networks were more complex than rubber plantation bacterial networks. However, rubber plantations soil fungal networks showed more higher links and higher network degree, suggesting that forest conversion does not reduce fungal network complexity. We found that some groups of Acidobacteria were keystone taxa in our tropical rainforest soils, while Actinobacteria were keystone taxa in rubber plantation soils. In addition, seasonal change had a strong effect on network degree, the complexity of soil bacterial and fungal network structure. In conclusion, forest conversion changed soil pH and other soil properties, such as available potassium (AK) and total nitrogen (TN), which resulted in changes in bacterial and fungal composition and network structure.
Retrospective Assessment of Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative in Outpatient Use of Ertapenem for Uncomplicated Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Enterobacteriaceae Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Wong Carrie , Delate Thomas , Hudson Elizabeth , Nguyen Julia , Yang Su-Jau 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are often over-diagnosed and over-treated, which can induce and select for resistant pathogens. After observing wide-spread outpatient use of ertapenem, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, a structured antimicrobial stewardship initiative (ASI) to improve appropriate antimicrobial prescribing was undertaken. ASI objectives were to achieve a goal of reducing ertapenem utilization for extended spectrum beta lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EB) UTI by 10% and evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with the ASI.Methods: A pre-to-post cohort study was conducted at a single-center integrated healthcare system between November 1, 2014 and February 26, 2017. An intensive, 90-day, pharmacist-driven, structured ASI was implemented between November 1, 2015 and January 29, 2016. Female patients aged ≥18 years who were treated for an uncomplicated, ESBL-EB urinary tract infection (UTI) were included. Primary outcome was monthly ertapenem use expressed as number of days of therapy (DOT)/1,000 adjusted patient days (APD). Segmented regression analysis for interrupted time series was performed to estimate ASI intervention effect. Results: A total of 184 patients were included in the study. Ertapenem utilization decreased from 0.0145 DOT/1,000 APD in Nov. 2014 to 0.0078 Dot/1,000 APD Feb. 2017(p<0.01). The mean ertapenem DOT declined 19% overall from the pre vs. post intervention periods (32 vs 26, p<0.01). Frequency of recurrent UTIs was reduced and no adverse effects were reported in patients treated with aminoglycosides.Conclusions: A structured ASI for uncomplicated ESBL-EB UTI was associated with a clinically meaningful decrease in ertapenem utilization and once-daily, 5-day aminoglycoside treatment was well-tolerated.
Ethnobotanical Study on Traditional Use of Local Fruit Varieties in Gargano National Park (Apulia, Italy).
Authors: Biscotti Nello , Bonsanto Daniele , Laghetti Gaetano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study is a first attempt at documenting the ethnobotanical value of local fruit trees, the quantity of which has been decreasing along the past fifty years, while the cultivation has gradually been abandoned. The current study focuses on Gargano Promontory area, where some traditional agriculture practices are still in use. Many species and ethnobotanical categories are involved in a range of uses, such as domestic and craft products (22 species), agroforestry (16 species), and economic (13 species), not to say for food. In these cases, either fruits (62%), and other parts (leaves, flowers seeds, remnants of pruning, lumber) of a plant are important (38%). 217 fruit trees are involved (local varieties, ancient cultivars, accessions) and they belong to 33 species, mainly Rosaceae’s (53%). Chestnut, pear, almond and walnut trees are most widely exploited, proving that an ethnobotanical heritage of great importance has developed thanks to the diversity of traditional fruit trees, whose relevance is far from being completely studied. In Gargano area case, the variety of traditional fruit trees has become a strong distinctive feature of the Mediterranean diet. This is in turn still the base of the nutritional regime of a community that developed a sound gastronomic knowledge based on fruits (salads, first courses, etc.). The socio-economic changes of the past fifty years have obviously led to abandoning most of said uses. The interest in foodstuff remains, but it is limited to few species, or to an even lower number of their morphotypes. In intercultural comparisons with other Italian regions (Campania, Basilicata) and other countries (Serbia), we have found common uses, but above all a great uniqueness. At the same time, there is evidence showing the close bound between the diversity of fruit trees in use, and the resulting biocultural abundance. The abandonment of traditional agricultural practices has also led to the loss of ethnobotanical values linked to local fruits. Hence, preserving the ethnobotanical knowledge is the only way of recovering and enhancing this precious heritage made of biological and cultural biodiversity.
The Implementation of Mutually using Lewis and Brønsted Acidic Functionalized Carbon supported Solid Acid Catalysts derived from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch for 5-Hydroxy Methylfurfural (5-HMF) Production
Authors: Kuntinuguntanon Amporn , Roddecha Supacharee , Pumrod Supakrit , Jaree Attasak , Kaewchada Amaraporn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work presents the utilization of dual Lewis and BrØnsted solid acid catalysts synthesized from the acidic functionalized abundant wasted palm oil fruit bunch (POFB) derived porous carbon for a one-pot conversion of glucose to 5-HMF under a bi-phasic NMP-H2O/MIBK system. The multiscale-porous POFB based carbon with an enhanced surface area ~ 1,600 m2.g− 1 was obtained at the optimized preparing condition (1:2 biochar to KOH mass ratio and carbonization at 850 ºC). The impregnated Al2O3 and the sulfonated POFB derived carbon provided the Lewis (PC-Im1AlLA and PC-Im4AlLA) and BrØnsted (PC-Im50BA) acid catalysts possessing total acidity up to 2.4, and 13.0 mmol.g− 1, respectively. The optimized reaction condition parameters and the synergistic effect of mutually using both acidic catalysts were extensively investigated to achieve the most efficient 5-HMF production performance. The highest 5-HMF yield, glucose conversion, and 5-HMF selectivity of 63.9%, 100%, and 63.9%, respectively, was attained at 120 oC, for 6 hr by employing 0.005:0.04 catalyst mass ratio of PC-Im4AlLA to PC-Im50BA with addition of some NaCl, 1:3 and 3:1 aqueous to organic phase and NMP to H2O volume ratios, respectively. Besides, the proposed catalytic system could be recycled for 3 times with less than 20% reduction of 5-HMF production yield.
The Effects of Quercetin on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Gelen Volkan , Şengül Emin , Gedikli Semin , Özkanlar Seçkin , Gur Cihan , Kara Adem , Çelebi Fikret , Çınar Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP), an anticarcinogenic agent, is widely used in the chemotherapy. At high doses of the CYP causes fatal cardiomyopathy with acute cardiotoxicity. Our aim in this study investigations effects of quercetin (Q) on CYP-induced cardiotoxicity. In the present study used fifty piece Sprague Dawley male (250 ± 50 gr) rats. Rats were divided randomly to five group (n = 10). The control group was given intragastric (ig) corn oil (1 ml) for seven days. The CYP group rats were applicate ig corn oil for seven days and injected intraperitoneal (ip) a single dose of CYP 200 mg/kg on the seventh day. The groups Q50 + CYP and Q100 + CYP, respectively, were given Q in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg dissolved in corn oil and administered ig for seven days. In addition, these groups were given single dose of CYP (200 mg/kg, ip) on the seventh days of application Q. The Q100 group was given Q (100 mg/kg-i.g) for seven days. In the end experimental applications, the blood was collected from anesthetized rats and rats were sacrificed. Serum was separated by centrifugation and utilized for the evaluation of various cardiac enzymes (CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT). The cardiac tissues used for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The data were analyzed by Tukey test in the one-way ANOVA. When data are showed compared among groups from the point of view aortic and vascular tissues, MDA level was significantly higher in the CYP group compared with control group, and determined to be decreased in CYP + Q100 group. SOD and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the CYP group compared to the control and CYP + Q100 groups. AST, CK, CK-MB, ALT and LDH levels in the serum were significantly increased in the CYP group compared with the other groups. The histopathological examination of cardiac tissue determined in the CYP group had significantly degenerated cells and cardiac myofibril. Intensity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) positivity was higher in the CYP group sections compared to the control and CYP + Q100 groups sections. Both biochemical results and immunohistochemical evidence showed that Q has protective effects on CYP-induced cardiotoxicity.
Higher weekly white rice consumption is associated with an increased risk of incident MCI : a two-year follow-up study of elderly people in Shanghai Community
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Ling , Li Guanjun , Xiao Shifu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There have been no longitudinal studies of white rice consumption and cognitive impairmentMethods: This was a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study. Data were obtained from the cohort study on the brain health of the elderly in Shanghai. There were 620 (224 men and 396 women) subjects aged ≥ 60 years. Weekly white rice consumption was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was based on the revised Petersen’s diagnostic algorithm. The association between weekly white rice consumption and cognitive function was investigated by Cox regression analysis and the ROC curve. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 2 years, 471 individuals without baseline cognitive impairment developed incident mild cognitive impairment. In the overall cohort, higher weekly white rice consumption was associated with an increased risk of MCI (p=0.019, HR=1.051, 95%CI:1.008~1.096) and was independent of age, education and drinking. The ROC curve indicated that weekly white rice consumption had a mild-to-moderate effect in predicting MCI (below the curve was 0.591, p=0.07, 95%CI:0.527~0.655). Conclusions: higher weekly white rice consumption is associated with an increased risk of incident MCI
Elaiophylin Targets EIF4B to Regulate the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Esophageal Squamous Cancer Cells via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lijuan Gao , Yongshun Chen , Bin Li 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Esophageal cancer remains a dominating cause of cancer-associated death and has shown a sharp increase of more than 6-fold increase rates all over the world. It is divided into two main pathological types: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Most of the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Thus, it is urgent for us to identify new more effective drugs to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Elaiophylin is a novel autophagy inhibitor at the late stage, which is a C2 symmetric macrolides separated from Streptomyces Niger. It was proved to have anti-tumor ability of various of cancers, yet little is known whether it could inhibit the progression of esophageal squamous cancer.
Methods

The protein expression level was detected by western blot assay. The viability of ESCC cells was detected by CCK8 assay. The proliferation rate was measured by ki67 immunofluorescent staining. The migratory ability of ESCC cells was identified by transwell assay. The apoptosis rate of ESCC cells was explored by Annexin V/PI analysis. And the genes might be regulated by Elaiophylin was analyzed by RNA-seq assay and verified by RT-qPCR assay.
Results

In the study, we firstly found that the Elaiophylin was a novel autophagy inhibitor in ESCC cells which is consistent with the previous studies. In addition, Elaiophylin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of ESCCs, and accelerate its apoptosis. And the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited by Elaiophylin, the mRNA and protein expression level of EIF4B was both downregulated by Elaiophylin. Mechanistically, silencing of EIF4B could inhibit the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and promoted apoptosis, which could be rescued by EIF4B-OE. Moreover, EIF4B overexpression suppressed the apoptosis, while increased the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells which resulted from Elaiophylin.
Conclusions

Together, our results indicated that Elaiophylin is a novel autophagy inhibitor governing growth and migratory ability of ESCC cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. simultaneously, and identified EIF4B as a target of Elaiophylin, which might provide a new therapeutic strategy for esophageal squamous carcinoma.
Mercury bioaccumulation in relation to dietary habits in fishing communities along river Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Munir Muhammad Aamir , Khan Bushra , Mian Ishaq Ahmed , Rafiq Muhammad , Shahzadi Samreen , Naeem Kashif , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in fish poses severe threats to the food safety and human health. This study was conducted to assess Hg bioaccumulation in fish (n = 24) and scalp hair (n = 77) of the fishing communities at up and downstream of the river Swat, Pakistan. The mean Hg concentration in upstream fish Salmo trutta fario (Brown trout) and Schizothorax plagiostomus (Swati fish) species were 34.7 ± 18 µgKg− 1 and 29.4 ± 15 µgKg− 1. The mean Hg concentration in downstream Swati fish, Crossocheilus diplochilus (Spena dega) and Garra gotyla gotyla (Tora dega) were 64.6 ± 21 µgKg− 1, 113.3 ± 33 µgKg− 1 and 326.3 ± 53 µgKg− 1 respectively. The mean Hg concentration in scalp hair of the up and downstream fishing communities were 658 ± 125 µgKg− 1 and 3969 ± 791 µgKg− 1. Independent T-test showed significant difference (t = -3.37) in the mean Hg concentration in scalp hair of the up and downstream communities. The most prevalent health problems found in the fishing community were muscle pain, headache, visual impairment, arterial blood pressure, anemia, and kidney dysfunction. Multilinear regression indicated that daily and weekly consumption of the fish significantly increase Hg accumulation in human scalp hair. Regular consumption of fruits, cruciferous and leafy vegetables were found to reduce Hg toxicity in the population. Further studies are recommended to identify the sources of Hg and welfare impact of fish contamination on the fishing community of river Swat.