bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mg Biodegradation Mechanism Deduced from the Local Surface Environment under Simulated Physiological Conditions
Authors: Gonzalez Jorge , Lamaka Sviatlana V. , Mei Di , Scharnagl Nico , Feyerabend Frank , Zheludkevich Mikhail L. , Willumeit‐Römer Regine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough certified magnesium‐based implants are launched some years ago, the not well‐defined Mg degradation mechanism under physiological conditions makes it difficult to standardize its use as a degradable biomaterial for a wide range of implant applications. Among other variables influencing the Mg degradation mechanism, monitoring the pH in the corrosive solution and, especially, at the corroding interface is important due to its direct relation with the formation and stability of the degradation products layer. The interface pH (pH at the Mg/solution interface) developed on Mg‐2Ag and E11 alloys are studied in situ during immersion under dynamic conditions (1.5 mL min‐1) in HBSS with and without the physiological amount of Ca2+ cations (2.5 × 10‐3 m). The results show that the precipitation/dissolution of amorphous phosphate‐containing phases, that can be associated with apatitic calcium‐phosphates Ca10‐x(PO4)6‐x(HPO4 or CO3)x(OH or ½ CO3)2‐x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 (Ap‐CaP), promoted in the presence of Ca2+ generates an effective local pH buffering system at the surface. Thus, high alkalinization is prevented, and the interface pH is stabilized in the range of 7.6 to 8.5.
Genetically Encoded Elastin‐Like Polypeptides for Drug Delivery
Authors: Jenkins Irene C. , Milligan Joshua J. , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are thermally responsive biopolymers that consist of a repeated amino acid motif derived from human tropoelastin. These peptides exhibit temperature‐dependent phase behavior that can be harnessed to produce stimuli‐responsive biomaterials, such as nanoparticles or injectable drug delivery depots. As ELPs are genetically encoded, the properties of ELP‐based biomaterials can be controlled with a precision that is unattainable with synthetic polymers. Unique ELP architectures, such as spherical or rod‐like micelles or injectable coacervates, can be designed by manipulating the ELP amino acid sequence and length. ELPs can be loaded with drugs to create controlled, intelligent drug delivery systems. ELPs are biodegradable, nonimmunogenic, and tolerant of therapeutic additives. These qualities make ELPs exquisitely well‐suited to address current challenges in drug delivery and have spurred the development of ELP‐based therapeutics to treat diseases—such as cancer and diabetes—and to promote wound healing. This review focuses on the use of ELPs in drug delivery systems.
Conjugated Organic Photothermal Films for Spatiotemporal Thermal Engineering
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Kim Byeonggwan , Auh Yanghyun , Kim Eunkyoung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the growth of photoenergy harvesting and thermal engineering, photothermal materials (PTMs) have attracted substantial interest due to their unique functions such as localized heat generation, spatiotemporal thermal controllability, invisibility, and light harvesting capabilities. In particular, π‐conjugated organic PTMs show advantages over inorganic or metallic PTMs in thin film applications due to their large light absorptivity, ease of synthesis and tunability of molecular structures for realizing high NIR absorption, flexibility, and solution processability. This review is intended to provide an overview of organic PTMs, including both molecular and polymeric PTMs. A description of the photothermal (PT) effect and conversion efficiency (ηPT) for organic films is provided. After that, the chemical structure and optical properties of organic PTMs are discussed. Finally, emerging applications of organic PT films from the perspective of spatiotemporal thermal engineering principles are illustrated.
Nanoarchitectured Porous Conducting Polymers: From Controlled Synthesis to Advanced Applications
Authors: Luo Hao , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Ai Yan , Wu Yong , Wei Facai , Fu Jianwei , Cheng Jiangong , Jing Chengbin , Yuliarto Brian , Eguchi Miharu , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke , Liu Shaohua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConductive polymers (CPs) integrate the inherent characteristics of conventional polymers and the unique electrical properties of metals. They have aroused tremendous interest over the last decade owing to their high conductivity, robust and flexible properties, facile fabrication, and cost‐effectiveness. Compared to bulk CPs, porous CPs with well‐defined nano‐ or microstructures possess open porous architectures, high specific surface areas, more exposed reactive sites, and remarkably enhanced activities. These attractive features have led to their applications in sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, biomedical devices, and so on. In this review article, the different strategies for synthesizing porous CPs, including template‐free and template‐based methods, are summarized, and the importance of tuning the morphology and pore structure of porous CPs to optimize their functional performance is highlighted. Moreover, their representative applications (energy storage devices, sensors, biomedical devices, etc.) are also discussed. The review is concluded by discussing the current challenges and future development trend in this field.
Electric‐Field Control of Propagating Spin Waves by Ferroelectric Domain‐Wall Motion in a Multiferroic Heterostructure
Authors: Qin Huajun , Dreyer Rouven , Woltersdorf Georg , Taniyama Tomoyasu , van Dijken Sebastiaan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic heterostructures offers a promising platform for electric‐field control of magnonic devices based on low‐power spin‐wave transport. Here, electric‐field manipulation of the amplitude and phase of propagating spin waves in a ferromagnetic Fe film on top of a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate is demonstrated experimentally. Electric‐field effects in this composite material system are mediated by strain coupling between alternating ferroelectric stripe domains with in‐plane and perpendicular polarization and fully correlated magnetic anisotropy domains with differing spin‐wave transport properties. The propagation of spin waves across the strain‐induced magnetic anisotropy domains of the Fe film is directly imaged and it is shown how reversible electric‐field‐driven motion of ferroelectric domain walls and pinned anisotropy boundaries turns the spin‐wave signal on and off. Furthermore, linear electric‐field tuning of the spin‐wave phase by altering the width of strain‐coupled stripe domains is demonstrated. The results provide a new route toward energy‐efficient reconfigurable magnonics.
Extreme Biomimetics: Designing of the First Nanostructured 3D Spongin–Atacamite Composite and its Application
Authors: Tsurkan Dmitry , Simon Paul , Schimpf Christian , Motylenko Mykhaylo , Rafaja David , Roth Friedrich , Inosov Dmytro S. , Makarova Anna A. , Stepniak Izabela , Petrenko Iaroslav , Springer Armin , Langer Enrico , Kulbakov Anton A. , Avdeev Maxim , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Heimler Korbinian , Kononchuk Olga , Hippmann Sebastian , Kaiser Doreen , Viehweger Christine , Rogoll Anika , Voronkina Alona , Kovalchuk Valentine , Bazhenov Vasilii V. , Galli Roberta , Rahimi‐Nasrabadi Mehdi , Molodtsov Serguei L. , Rahimi Parvaneh , Falahi Sedigheh , Joseph Yvonne , Vogt Carla , Vyalikh Denis V. , Bertau Martin , Ehrlich Hermann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design of new composite materials using extreme biomimetics is of crucial importance for bioinspired materials science. Further progress in research and application of these new materials is impossible without understanding the mechanisms of formation, as well as structural features at the molecular and nano‐level. It presents a challenge to obtain a holistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of organic and inorganic phases under conditions of harsh chemical reactions for biopolymers. Yet, an understanding of these mechanisms can lead to the development of unusual—but functional—hybrid materials. In this work, a key way of designing centimeter‐scale macroporous 3D composites, using renewable marine biopolymer spongin and a model industrial solution that simulates the highly toxic copper‐containing waste generated in the production of printed circuit boards worldwide, is proposed. A new spongin–atacamite composite material is developed and its structure is confirmed using neutron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy/selected‐area electron diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The formation mechanism for this material is also proposed. This study provides experimental evidence suggesting multifunctional applicability of the designed composite in the development of 3D constructed sensors, catalysts, and antibacterial filter systems.
Optimizing Surface N‐Doping of Fe‐N‐C Catalysts Derived from Fe/Melamine‐Decorated Polyaniline for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mahmood Azhar , Xie Nanhong , Zhao Bolin , Zhong Lijie , Zhang Yuwei , Niu Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe insufficient active site density and poor stability of iron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon (Fe‐N‐C) catalyst remain as great challenges for advanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Surface N‐doping together with Fe species is considered as an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of Fe‐N‐C. Here, we report a facile preparation of high performing Fe‐N‐C catalysts derived from Fe/melamine‐decorated polyaniline. The optimal catalyst displays much better ORR onset and half‐wave potentials (1.00 and 0.86 V) than that of the melamine‐free catalyst (0.97 and 0.83 V) and even the commercial Pt/C (0.99 and 0.83 V), respectively. It also shows a decent stability during 20 000 cycles of accelerated durability test (ADT) with only 15 mV loss in the half‐wave potential. Physical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that introduction of melamine could increase the percentage of surface pyrrolic N species and non‐crystalline Fe species, which would be responsible for the significant improvement in the catalytic performance toward ORR.
Highly Sensitive and Reliable NIR Luminescent Sensing Toward Nitro‐Aromatic Antibiotics in Water
Authors: Wang Luan , Shi Chao , Zhang Chaohan , Li Yuxin , Li Guangming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light features less photon scatter and deeper penetration, thereby providing a sensitive and reliable platform for qualifying and quantifying trace organic contaminants in water medium. Herein, a lanthanide/β‐diketone complex, Yb(dmh)3(phen) (dmh = 2,6‐dimethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), is synthesized and performs characteristic NIR luminescence of Yb3+ ions. The outstanding photophysical properties result from the combination effects of excited‐state inter‐ligand charge transfer, ligand‐to‐metal energy transfer, and high structural symmetry. Noteworthily, this NIR luminophore exhibits state‐of‐the‐art sensitivity toward nitro‐aromatic antibiotics in water. The limits of detection are lower to sub‐nanomolar level for nitroimidazoles (metronidazole 0.18 nM; dimetridazole 0.23 nM; ornidazole 0.28 nM) and even picomolar level for nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin 43 pM; nitrofurazone 46 pM). This exciting sensitivity attributes to photo‐induced electron transfer and inner filter effect between sensor and adsorbed analytes. The sensor is also capable of distinguished stability, selectivity, competitiveness, and anti‐interference, which makes it far better suited to the commercial application. The successfully developed technique of NIR luminescence sensing extends the platform of optical devices and sensing materials, being of practical value in monitoring water quality.
Biopolymer Cooperation for Sustainable High‐Performance Oxidase‐Based Biosensing with the Simplest Possible Readout of Substrate Conversion
Authors: Soysa H. Sasimali M. , Rattanopas Sopita , Teanphonkrang Somjai , Quek Timothy , Phomphrai Khamphee , Schulte Albert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor sustainable high‐quality biosensor preparation, the biopolymers zein and gelatin are placed on Pt electrodes as base‐ and top‐coats, respectively, through simple drop‐and‐dry addition. The gelatin top‐coat of the biocompatible sandwich supports covalent external attachment of glucose oxidase (GOx), ensuring easy access of substrate to enzyme, while the lower, selectively permeable zein base‐coat protects electro‐oxidative detection of enzymically‐produced hydrogen peroxide from interferents. The functional cooperativity between gelatin‐GOx immobilization and molecular filtering by zein produced signal linearity up to 1 mm glucose, a sub‐µm practical detection limit, a rapid response time, a long shelf‐life, and excellent glucose analytical quality testing even with serum samples with intentionally elevated levels of interferents. This demonstrates for the first time the exceptional power of the cooperative action of two natural polymers in the ecofriendly improvement of a biosensor. The excellent performance of the novel biosensor design is confirmed here using GOx as a model, however, its application to other enzymes, antibodies, and DNA is feasible, offering economical biosensing while utilizing green functional materials. Moreover, the successful establishment of the cooperative dual biopolymer functionality on mass‐fabricated commercial screen‐printed electrode platforms verify the essential suitability of this methodology for portable clinical and personal health care monitoring.
Carbon Dots for Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Pollutants: Recent Advancements
Authors: Akbar Kamran , Moretti Elisa , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe immense progress of humanity on the technological, domestic, and industrial fronts comes at the cost of polluting the planet. Aquatic pollution is particularly dangerous since all life forms are directly linked to it. Each year tons of industrial and domestic pollutants make their way into aqueous systems. Efficient removal/degradation of these pollutants is of prime importance for the sustainable future. Among many technologies, photodegradation is an emerging and promising method for the successful removal of aqueous pollutants since it is powered by abundant solar light. The last decade had shown that carbon dots are among the most promising materials that can be utilized as an efficient tool to derive various solar‐driven chemical reactions. Carbon dots possess unique photophysical and chemical properties such as light‐harvesting over a broad‐spectrum region, upconversion photoluminescence, photosensitizers, chemical inertness, and bivalent redox character, etc. The ease of synthesis of carbon dots at low cost also contributes hugely to their utilizations as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of aqueous pollutants. This review summarizes the recent progress made in the field of photodegradation of aqueous pollutants with the aid of carbon dots and their hybrids, highlighting the critical role carbon dots can play in the field.
Independent Multichannel Wavefront Modulation for Angle Multiplexed Meta‐Holograms
Authors: Jang Junhyeok , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Sung Jangwoon , Lee Byoungho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeta‐holograms have been investigated widely because of their capabilities that are not feasible in conventional holograms, such as full‐color, broadband, and bifacial image generation performance. In particular, a high degree of freedom in designing meta‐atoms provides opportunities to multiplex holograms by using light properties, such as angle, polarization, and wavelength. However, further development of techniques for meta‐holograms recording multiple wavefronts is still necessary to expand the amount of optical information and improve the security level of holographic encryption. In this study, detour phase holograms are combined with the spatial multiplexing method to record four phase profiles in a single metasurface device. Independent wavefront modulation, which can process four channels as a bijective function, is realized by engineering the scattering properties of the meta‐atom. Based on the concept, meta‐holograms are demonstrated experimentally, independently generating four different images depending on the incident angles with high fidelity. Because of the expanded capacity and independence, the proposed device provides a potential platform for optical devices in various fields, such as holography, multifunctional flat optics, and off‐axis optical devices.
Photonic Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cong Cong , Ma Huaibo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaterials of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in pure and hybridized forms showing photonic properties have received much attention during past years. Strategies to prepare photonic MOF‐based materials are constantly used as follows: 1) designing of pure MOFs with intrinsic luminescent units such as organic linkers and/or lanthanide ions; 2) designing of hybrid MOF composites through encapsulation of extrinsic luminescent units such as organic dyes and/or inorganic nanospecies; and 3) designing of MOF‐based composites through mixing both intrinsic and extrinsic luminescent units to display synergistic effect. A highly ordered structure with the richness of space groups enable well‐designed MOFs to display second‐harmonic generation. In addition, easy formation of well‐faceted morphology, to serve as optical microresonators in MOF crystals, is beneficial for the exploration of the miniaturization of lasers. Moreover, with the assistance of stepwise coating, devices fabricated by using MOF‐based materials in lighting have been realized. Furthermore, biocompatible nanoscale MOF composites coated by polymers and encapsulated with photo‐absorbing agents in cancer treatment are also discussed. This review provides a summary and discussion of the very recent progress of photonic MOFs in applications of white solid‐state lighting, lasing, nonlinear optics, and phototherapy in cancer treatment.
What Can We Learn from the Time Evolution of COVID‐19 Epidemic in Slovenia?
Authors: Bâldea Ioan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA recent work indicates that temporarily splitting larger populations into smaller groups can efficiently mitigate the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The fact that, soon afterward, the two million people Slovenia was the first European country proclaiming the end of COVID‐19 epidemic within national borders may be relevant from this perspective. Motivated by this evolution, in this paper the time dynamics of coronavirus cases in Slovenia is investigated with emphasis on how efficient various containment measures act to diminish the number of COVID‐19 infections. Noteworthily, the present analysis does not rely on any speculative theoretical assumption; it is solely based on raw epidemiological data. Out of the results presented here, the most important one is perhaps the finding that, while imposing drastic curfews and travel restrictions reduce the infection rate κ by a factor of four with respect to the unrestricted state, they only improve the κ‐value by ≈15% as compared to the much bearable state of social and economic life wherein wearing face masks and social distancing rules are enforced/followed. Significantly for behavioral and social science, our analysis may reveal an interesting self‐protection instinct of the population, which became manifest even before the official lockdown enforcement.
Substitutional Vanadium Sulfide Nanodispersed in MoS2 Film for Pt‐Scalable Catalyst
Authors: Agyapong‐Fordjour Frederick Osei‐Tutu , Yun Seok Joon , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Choi Wooseon , Kirubasankar Balakrishnan , Choi Soo Ho , Adofo Laud Anim , Boandoh Stephen , Kim Yong In , Kim Soo Min , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Young Hee , Han Young‐Kyu , Kim Ki Kang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong transition metal dichalcogenides (TMdCs) as alternatives for Pt‐based catalysts, metallic‐TMdCs catalysts have highly reactive basal‐plane but are unstable. Meanwhile, chemically stable semiconducting‐TMdCs show limiting catalytic activity due to their inactive basal‐plane. Here, metallic vanadium sulfide (VSn) nanodispersed in a semiconducting MoS2 film (V–MoS2) is proposed as an efficient catalyst. During synthesis, vanadium atoms are substituted into hexagonal monolayer MoS2 to form randomly distributed VSn units. The V–MoS2 film on a Cu electrode exhibits Pt‐scalable catalytic performance; current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V and overpotential of −0.08 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with excellent cycle stability for hydrogen‐evolution‐reaction (HER). The high intrinsic HER performance of V–MoS2 is explained by the efficient electron transfer from the Cu electrode to chalcogen vacancies near vanadium sites with optimal Gibbs free energy (−0.02 eV). This study provides insight into ways to engineer TMdCs at the atomic‐level to boost intrinsic catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution.
Exploring the Dominant Role of Atomic‐ and Nano‐Ruthenium as Active Sites for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Both Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Jang Haeseong , Wang Yan , Li Zijian , Zhang Wei , Kim Min Gyu , Yang Dongjiang , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRu nanoparticles (NPs) and single atoms (SAs)‐based materials have been investigated as alternative electrocatalysts to Pt/C for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Exploring the dominant role of atomic‐ and nano‐ruthenium as active sites in acidic and alkaline media is very necessary for optimizing the performance. Herein, an electrocatalyst containing both Ru SAs and NPs anchored on defective carbon (RuSA+NP/DC) has been synthesized via a Ru–alginate metal–organic supramolecules conversion method. RuSA+NP/DC exhibits low overpotentials of 16.6 and 18.8 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Notably, its mass activities are dramatically improved, which are about 1.1 and 2.4 times those of Pt/C at an overpotential of 50 mV in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal that Ru SAs own the most appropriate H* adsorption strength and thus, plays a dominant role for HER in acid electrolyte, while Ru NPs facilitate the dissociation of H2O that is the rate‐determining step in alkaline electrolyte, leading to a remarkable HER activity.
Photoacoustic Force‐Guided Precise and Fast Delivery of Nanomedicine with Boosted Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Tingting , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Guo Heng , Kang Tianyi , Li Zeshun , Zha Menglei , Lu Songbo , Zhang Chen , Qi Weizhi , Xi Lei , Li Kai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecise and efficient delivery of nanomedicine to the target site has remained as a major roadblock in advanced cancer treatment. Here, a novel photoacoustic force (PAF)‐guided nanotherapeutic system is reported based on a near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing semiconducting polymer (SP), showing significantly improved tumor accumulation and deep tissue penetration for enhanced phototherapeutic efficacy. The accumulation of nanoparticles in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice induced by the PAF strategy displays a fivefold enhancement in comparison with that of the traditional passive targeting pathway, in a significantly shortened time (45 min vs 24 h) with an enhanced penetration depth in tumors. Additionally, a tumor‐bearing mouse model is rationally designed to unveil the mechanism, indicating that the nanoparticles enter solid tumors through enhanced transportation across blood vessel barriers via both inter‐endothelial gaps and active trans‐endothelial pathways. This process is specifically driven by PAF generated from the nanoparticles under NIR laser irradiation. The study thus demonstrates a new nanotherapeutic strategy with low dose, enhanced delivery efficiency in tumor, and boosted therapeutic efficacy, opening new doors for designing novel nanocarriers.