bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem of Description of the Characteristic Features of Discrimination in the Labor Sphere
Authors: Kychko A. V. 
Published: April 2021

The Constitution of Ukraine guarantees the right to labor to everyone, including the possibility to earn one’s living by labor that he or she freely chooses or to which he or she freely agrees. However, discrimination is still one of the main problems in the labor sphere.
The article is focused on studying the problem of discrimination in the labor sphere. The author of the article has studied the problem of description of the characteristic features of discrimination in the labor sphere because there is no single point of view on this matter in the theory of labor law.
The analysis of legal literature, the corresponding normative and legal material has been carried out. While analyzing legal literature, regulatory base, international legal acts and the judgments of the European Courts of Human Rights the author has established and revealed the features of discrimination in the labor sphere. At the same time, based on the views of current authors, the nature of discrimination in the labor sphere has been revealed.
It has been substantiated that the Labor Code of Ukraine needs to be updated, based on the realities of the present day. Based on a consistent analysis, the author has elaborated propositions to eliminate differences in the current regulatory acts. First and foremost, their availability is due to the obsolete version of the current Labor Code of Ukraine. Therefore, the range of propositions has been formulated related to the current labor legislation improvement concerning the discrimination’s non-admission in the labor sphere. Thus, the most appropriate way of solving the problems of discrimination in labor relations is the adoption of the new Labor Code of Ukraine and active participation of Ukraine in international relations on the harmonization of national labor legislation with international and European standards.
The practical significance of the article is that the conducted study reveals new directions for further research, demonstrates the relevance and need for a comprehensive analysis of the content and legal features discrimination in the labor sphere. The author has emphasized the necessity of forming legal definition of discrimination in the labor sphere.
Measures of Counteracting Domestic Violence Committed by Children: Problematic Aspects
Authors: Bakhaieva A. S. 
Published: April 2021

The problem of domestic violence is quite urgent in our country. Domestic violence is a heavy burden both for the victim and for society in the whole. Typically, the most vulnerable family members who suffer from domestic violence are women, children and the elderly, and the perpetrators are most often men. But a child can also commit domestic violence, as evidenced by the legal definition of the term of “a child- abuser”. However, this phenomenon is insufficiently studied and is rarely discussed by Ukrainian scholars.
The purpose of this article is to study measures to combat domestic violence committed by children by analyzing the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of preventing and combating domestic violence and gender-based violence.
The author has analyzed the definition of the term of “a child-abuser” enshrined in the law. On this basis it has been concluded that a child of any age can be an abuser. It has been established that children most often commit domestic violence in psychological, physical and economic forms.
The emphasis has been placed on the inexpediency of bringing parents or persons replacing them to administrative liability under Part 3 of the Art. 184 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses in cases, when their child, who has not reached the age of administrative liability, is the offender, and his victim is a father (mother) or a person who replaces them.
The author has analyzed the algorithm of actions, according to which the police now act in case of detection of facts of domestic violence by a child under the age of sixteen.
It has been found out that the legislation does not set the age from which such a special measure to combat domestic violence is allowed to be taken as an urgent prohibition, which is the basis for taking a child-abuser for preventive registration by juvenile prevention units. It has been noted that the settlement of this issue will allow us to make informed decisions on the registration or non-registration of a child-abuser who has not reached the age of sixteen and has committed domestic violence against parents, which will further affect the determination of the subject of individual prevention.
Theoretical and Legal Approaches on Determining the Content of the Notion of “Health Tourism”
Authors: Podzirov A. O. 
Published: April 2021

The author has proved the prospects of medical tourism development in Ukraine. The analysis of the concepts of “tourism” and “health tourism” has been carried out; their features have been singled out. The expediency of distinguishing the concept of “health tourism” on “medical” and “health” has been proved. It has been offered to amend the Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Tourism” by defining the terms of “medical tourism” and “health tourism”.
The content of the concept of “medical tourism” has been studied; its constituent elements have been singled out; the author’s definition of the concepts of “health tourism”, “medical tourism” has been formulated; the sphere of their law-enforcement has been defined.
The author has developed propositions to improve the regulatory acts regulating the circulation of medical tourist services (health and medical) in Ukraine, namely: the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Public and Private Partnership”, the Law of Ukraine “On Licensing of Economic Activities”. The author has also offered to develop and approve the National Program for the Development of Medical Tourism in Ukraine.
Concept and Types of Administrative Restrictions within Legal Regulation of Economic Activity
Authors: Starynskyi M. V. 
Published: April 2021

The article is focused on studying the concept of administrative restrictions used by state-authorized agencies in the process of regulating economic activity. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and the practice of legal regulation of economic activity, it has been emphasized that the category of “administrative restrictions” in modern legal science is mainly used to denote the result of relations related to the offense. It has been concluded that such an approach is controversial, and the approach when administrative restrictions are studied through the category of “coordination” is more appropriate. State-authorized agencies in order to ensure the public interest use a large number of administrative restrictions in the field of economic activity, which are formulated as individual (subjective) measures of administrative and legal nature defined by regulatory acts and aimed at coordinating the behavior and actions of the addressee in the sphere of economic activity within the appropriate limits that are introduced in order to ensure the public interest. In the course of the research the author has distinguished the features of administrative restrictions used in the legal regulation of economic activity, which include the following: 1) they are objectified in the legal norms contained in the normative legal acts regulating economic activity and having a restrictive nature; 2) they coordinate the activity of economic entities, defining the boundaries, the degree of freedom of choice of their actions; 3) the subject of application is a state-authorized agency in the field of regulation of economic activity, and the addressee is an individual or a legal entity – business entities; 4) the purpose of application is to bring the behavior of the subject in accordance with a certain standard of economic activity; 5) they have mandatory nature and are provided by state coercion.
Based on the analysis of the practice of applying administrative restrictions in the field of economic activity, it has been concluded that they can be classified depending on the sphere of economic activity, object of influence, sphere of use, type of normative act containing administrative restrictions and content of administrative restrictions.
Evaluasi Jumlah Limfosit Pasca Aplikasi Lendir Bekicot (Achatina fulica) pada Soket Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Riyani Nadya Jeihan , Pasaribu Robisnson , Mardiyantoro Fredy 
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Peradangan merupakan respon dasar terhadap adanya kerusakan jaringan atau luka pasca pencabutan gigi yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses penyembuhan. Lendir bekicot dari spesies Achatina fulica diketahui memiliki kemampuan sebagai alternatif obat yang mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Tujuan Penelitian: penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) terhadap jumlah limfosit pada proses penyembuhan luka soket gigi pasca pencabutan gigi tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan utama berupa lendir bekicot yang diaplikasikan pada soket gigi tikus. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling kemudian dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (K) dan perlakuan (P). Variabel yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah limfosit pada hari ketiga, kelima, dan ketujuh proses penyembuhan luka soket gigi tikus wistar yang diukur dari sediaan HPA dengan pengecatan Hematoxylin-Eosin. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan jumlah limfosit pada hari ketiga, kelima, dan ketujuh baik pada kelompok kontrol (K) maupun perlakuan (P). Dengan jumlah rerata limfosit pada kelompok kontrol adalah 5,48 ; 4,60 ; 64,48. Sedangkan hasil rerata limfosit kelompok perlakuan adalah : 11,6; 16,52; 10,80. Kesimpulan : penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) berpengaruh pada jumlah limfosit pada proses penyembuhan luka soket gigi tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus).
Impactos no perfil epidemiológico da Dengue em meio a Pandemia da COVID-19 em Sergipe
Authors: Nascimento Crysvânia Santos , Correia João Paulo Siqueira , Temóteo Camila Conceição Santos , Campos Andre Luiz Baião 
Published: April 2021

A dengue é uma patologia viral aguda, sistêmica, única e autolimitada em sua forma clássica, transmitida por artrópodes. Entretanto, o ano de 2020, foi marcado pela pandemia do novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) e, verificou-se uma diminuição nos casos de doenças notificadas causadas por arboviroses quando contrastado com o mesmo período do ano de 2019. O presente trabalho tem como proposta convidar os profissionais de saúde e comunidade em geral à reflexão sobre a importância da notificação busca e assistência a dengue no estado de Sergipe em meio a pandemia do novo coronavírus, a fim de demonstrar os altos níveis de subnotificação e ausência da procura por assistência que podem causar impactos na qualidade de vida da população geral. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com abordagem analítica quantitativa, com dados coletados de 2019-2020 através da análise de Boletins Epidemiológicos e notificações do SINAN (Sistema de Agravos e Notificações) e SIM (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade). Os dados obtidos mostraram que houve uma redução, comparando-se os anos 2019-2020, de 5164 casos notificados em 2019 para 959 casos (18,5 % do primeiro) em 2020, nas notificações nos casos de Dengue no período estudado da semana epidemiológica 12-30. As informações citadas mostraram que, provavelmente, os esforços direcionados a contenção da nova entidade emergente, COVID-19, dificultaram as notificações e os diagnósticos efetivos da patologia citada.
Prospecção científica e tecnológica do uso da vibração focal em comprometimentos motores em decorrência de patologias neurológicas
Authors: Pereira Tassiane Maria Alves , Siqueira Jéssica Inara de Brito , Nascimento Lucas da Silva , Almeida Cassio Costa , Orsini Marco , Silva Janaína de Moraes , Rocha Jefferson Almeida , Bastos Victor Hugo do Vale 
Published: April 2021

O Brasil apresenta uma prevalência de 1,3 % deficientes físicos. No que tange os comprometimentos físicos relacionados a patologias neurológicas, estes geram incapacidade funcional em todo o mundo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização da prospecção científica e tecnológica de pesquisas sobre uso da vibração focal associada a dispositivos móveis vestíveis em indivíduos com comprometimentos motores decorrentes de patologias neurológicas. Na busca por patentes foram usadas as bases: Espacenet, INPI, USPTO e Web of Science; e os artigos nas bases: Scielo, Scopus, Science Diretc, Web of Science, Pubmed, de 1967 até 2020. Os resultados da busca por patentes no contexto mencionado foram negativos, e em relação aos artigos, obteve-se resultados significativos com 667 publicações no Science Diretc com pico de publicação no ano de 2018. Observou-se então, que novos estudos devem ser realizados para fomentar as propriedades e eficácia da vibração focal, e promover incentivos ao desenvolvimento e produções tecnológicas e científicas.
Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue
Authors: Zamproni Laura N. , Mundim Mayara T. V. V. , Porcionatto Marimelia A. 
Published: April 2021

Graphical AbstractBioscaffolds potential applications in tissue engineering. Bioscaffolds can be used to grow stem cells and target their differentiationin vitro(upper, left)or be used as stem cell delivery route in a brain injury(upper, right). Bioscaffolds can also contain si/miRNAs that will modify locally neural cells gene expression(lower, left)or contain exosomes/growth factors for paracrine signaling such as stimulating neurogenesis and increase neural stem migration to injury area(lower, right). This cover has been designed using resources created by Vitaly Gorbachev fromFlaticon.com.
Development and Preliminary Application of Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled With Lateral Flow Biosensor for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Authors: Wang Xingyun , Wang Guirong , Wang Yacui , Quan Shuting , Qi Hui , Sun Lin , Shen Chen , Huang Hairong , Jiao Weiwei , Shen Adong 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to develop a simple and reliable method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and verify its clinical application preliminarily. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification method coupled with lateral flow biosensor (LAMP-LFB) assay, was developed and evaluated for detection of MTBC. Two sets of primers, which targeted IS6110 and IS1081 sequences of MTBC, were designed for establishment of multiplex LAMP-LFB assay. The amplicons were labelled with biotin and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by adding FITC labelled primer and biotin-14-dATP and biotin-14-dCTP and could be visualized using LFB. The optimal reaction conditions of multiplex LAMP-LFB assay confirmed were 66°C for 50 min. The analytical sensitivity of multiplex LAMP-LFB is 10 fg of genomic templates using pure culture, and no cross-reactivity with other common bacteria and non-tuberculous mycobacteria strains was obtained. A total of 143 clinical samples collected from 100 TB patients (62 definite TB cases and 38 probable TB cases) and 43 non-TB patients were used for evaluating the feasibility of multiplex LAMP-LFB assay. The multiplex LAMP-LFB (82.0%, 82/100) showed higher sensitivity than culture (47.0%, 47/100, P &lt; 0.001) and Xpert MTB/RIF (54.0%, 54/100, P &lt; 0.001). Importantly, the multiplex LAMP-LFB assay detected additional 28 probable TB cases, which increased the percentage of definite TB cases from 62.0% (62/100) to 90.0% (90/100). The specificity of multiplex LAMP-LFB assay in patients without TB was 97.7% (42/43). Therefore, multiplex LAMP-LFB assay is a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for MTBC detection, especially in probable TB cases and resource limited settings.
Vestibular Preservation After Cochlear Implantation Using the Round Window Approach
Authors: Tsukada Keita , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: April 2021

Background: The development of less traumatic surgical techniques, such as the round window approach (RWA), as well as the use of flexible electrodes and post-operative steroid administration have enabled the preservation of residual hearing after cochlear implantation (CI) surgery. However, consideration must still be given to the complications that can accompany CI. One such potential complication is the impairment of vestibular function with resulting vertigo symptoms. The aim of our current study was to examine the changes in vestibular function after implantation in patients who received CI using less traumatic surgery, particularly the RWA technique.Methods: Sixty-six patients who received CI in our center were examined by caloric testing, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) before or after implantation, or both, to obtain data on semicircular canal, saccular and utricular function, respectively. Less traumatic CI surgery was performed by the use of the RWA and insertion of flexible electrodes such as MED-EL FLEX soft, FLEX 28, and FLEX 24 (Innsbruck, Austria).Results: Caloric response and the asymmetry ratio of cVEMP and oVEMP were examined before and after implantation using less traumatic surgical techniques. Compared with before implantation, 93.9, 82.4, and 92.5% of the patients showed preserved vestibular function after implantation based on caloric testing, cVEMP and oVEMP results, respectively. We also examined the results for vestibular function by a comparison of the 66 patients using the RWA and flexible electrodes, and 17 patients who underwent cochleostomy and insertion of conventional or hard electrodes. We measured responses using caloric testing, cVEMP and oVEMP in patients after CI. There were no differences in the frequencies of abnormal caloric and oVEMP results in the implanted ears between the RWA and cochleostomy. On the other hand, the frequency of abnormal cVEMP responses in the implanted ears in the patients who received implantation by cochleostomy was significantly higher than that in the patients undergoing surgery using the RWA.Conclusion: Patients receiving CI using less traumatic surgical techniques such as RWA and flexible electrodes have reduced risk of damage to vestibular function.
Prognostic Factors and Models for Changes in Cognitive Performance After Multi-Domain Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roheger Mandy , Liebermann-Jordanidis Hannah , Krohm Fabian , Adams Anne , Kalbe Elke 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cognitive Training (CT) may contribute to the maintenance and even enhancement of cognitive functions in healthy older adults. However, the question who benefits most from multi-domain CTs is still highly under-investigated.Objective: The goal is to investigate prognostic factors and models for changes in cognitive test performance in healthy older adults after a multi-domain CT.Methods: The data bases MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to July 2019. Studies investigating prognostic factors and/or models on cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuo-spatial abilities) after conducting a multi-domain CT in healthy older adults were included. Risk of Bias was assessed using the QUIPS and the PROBAST tool.Results: 23 prognostic factor and model studies were included. Results indicate a high heterogeneity regarding the conducted multi-domain CTs, the investigated prognostic factors, the investigated outcomes, and the used statistical approaches. Age and neuropsychological performance at study entry were the most investigated predictors, yet they show inconsistent results.Conclusion: Data on prognostic factors and models of changes after multi-domain CT are still too rare and inconsistent to draw clear conclusions due to statistical shortcomings and low reporting quality. Approaches for future research are outlined.Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, ID: CRD42020147531
Genetic Overlap Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder in SHANK2 Gene
Authors: Ma Suk-Ling , Chen Lu Hua , Lee Chi-Chiu , Lai Kelly Y. C. , Hung Se-Fong , Tang Chun-Pan , Ho Ting-Pong , Shea Caroline , Mo Flora , Mak Timothy S. H. , Sham Pak-Chung , Leung Patrick W. L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Recent findings indicated a high comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as shared genetic influences on them. The latter might contribute at least partly to the former clinical scenario. This study aimed at investigating whether SHANK genes were potential pleiotropic genes to the two said disorders, underlying their genetic overlap.Methods: This study recruited 298 boys with ADHD (including 256 family trios of 1 ADHD boy and his 2 biological parents), 134 boys with ASD, 109 boys with both ADHD and ASD, and 232 typically developing boys as community controls. They were aged between 6 and 11 years old.Results: There was no significant difference in allele frequency of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SHANK2/SHANK3 between the three clinical groups (ADHD, ASD, and ADHD + ASD) and between the two control groups (community controls and pseudo-controls), respectively. The three clinical groups and the two control groups were thus, respectively, combined. A comparison between the two aggregated samples identified significant evidence of disease association for three SHANK2 SNPs with both ADHD and ASD, even after multiple testing correction: rs11236616 (OR = 0.762, permuted p = 0.0376), rs7106631 (OR = 0.720, permuted p = 0.0034), and rs9888288 (OR = 0.770, permuted p = 0.0407). Comparisons among individual groups pointed to a similar trend of findings.Conclusion:SHANK2 could be considered a potential pleiotropic gene underlying the genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD. This might contribute partly to their high comorbidity in the afflicted children.