bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing Effects of Cabbage Defense Responses Induced by MEAM1 and MED Cryptic Species of Bemisia Tabaci on Later-Arriving Conspecifics and Heterospecifics
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Hu Jie , Lu Jintian , Yang Nina , Liu Baiming , Fu Peiyi , Yang Jinjian , Jiao Xiaoguo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two cryptic species of the Bemisia tabaci species complex, MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) and MED (Mediterranean), are highly destructive herbivores. Attack by herbivorous insects often induces defense responses in plants, including the accumulation of toxic secondary metabolites, the synthesis of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and defensive proteins, and the release of volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies. These defense responses, which often differ depending on the herbivore, may affect the preference and performance of later-arriving con- and heterospecific whiteflies that attack the same plant. In the present study, we found that MEAM1 whiteflies preferred settling and ovipositing on non-infested and MED-infested cabbage over MEAM1-infested cabbage plants, but that MED whiteflies showed no significant difference in settling or oviposition preference among non-infested, MEAM1-infested, and MED-infested plants. MEAM1 infestation increased the contents of total phenols and flavonoids in cabbage, which coincided with the increased expression of the following genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway: PAL2, C4H, and 4CL1. Soluble protein contents were also markedly higher in the MEAM1-infested cabbage plants than in the non-infested and MED-infested cabbage plants. Overall, these results demonstrate that previous infestation by MEAM1 and MED whiteflies induced defense responses in cabbage plants that had different effects on the host preference and performance of later-arriving con- and heterospecific whiteflies. Phenolic compounds may be the key factors influencing host choice by MEAM1 and MED whiteflies on cabbage plants.
Surgery for Uterine Preservation in Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yi-Lei , Li Tao , Peng Wen , Liu Xiang-Bin , Wang Hong-Mei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Owing to high risks of maternal morbidity, surgical complications, and loss of fertility, including psychological trauma caused by cesarean hysterectomy, innovative approaches for uterine preservation have been investigated. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a novel eight-step surgical protocol for uterine preservation in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) overlying the previous cesarean scar.Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients with PAS overlying the cesarean scar, who were treated between December 2015 and October 2019 using the protocol. The depth and extension of placental invasion and severity of pelvic adhesion were assessed intraoperatively. Information regarding the gestational week at surgery, surgery duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), bladder injury, and post-procedural recovery was retrieved from the hospital database. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors influencing surgical blood loss. EBL was compared between the perioperative aortic balloon and non-balloon groups in severe cases using t-tests.Results: Overall, 115 patients with PAS were included. The mean EBL and surgery duration were 1666.1±1379.0 mL and 2.2±0.8 h, respectively. The uterus was successfully preserved in all patients with one surgery. Incidences of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta were 40 (35.8%), 46 (40.0%), and 29 (25.2%) cases, respectively. Extensive placental invasion and cervical involvement were observed in 41.7% and 28.7% of patients, respectively. EBL was significantly correlated with the extent of placental invasion, cervical involvement, and pelvic adhesion. No difference was seen in EBL between the balloon and non-balloon groups among the 44 patients with severe PAS.Conclusion: The eight-step protocol is effective for uterine preservation in PAS overlying the cesarean scar. EBL is affected by the extent of placental invasion, cervical involvement, and severity of pelvic adhesion. Perioperative aortic balloon should be used conservatively.
Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Injuries in “Heratsi” No 1 University Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Aleksanyan Lusine V. , Poghosyan Anna Yu , Misakyan Martin S. , Minasyan Armen M. , Bablumyan Aren Yu , Tadevosyan Artashes E. , Muradyan Armen A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the prevalence, etiologies, and types of maxillofacial injuries (MFI) and sites of maxillofacial fractures (MFF) and their management in Yerevan, Armenia.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Data including age, sex, date of referral, mode of injury, etiology, radiology records and treatment methods were extracted. Study outcomes were measured using percentages, means, standard deviations and tests of proportions. P <.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 204 patients had a mean age of 36.26 ±1.08 years (156 males and 48 females), and a total of 259 MFIs were recorded between 2017 and 2020. Interpersonal violence (IV) was found to be the most common etiology of MFFs in this study (42.1%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (27.9%) and falls (18.6%). The nasal bone was the most common injury site (47.5%), followed by the mandible (31.4%) and zygomatic complex (11.7%). The most common fracture site was the mandibular angle (37.9%), followed by the symphysis/parasymphysis (28.1%) and body (12.6%). The majority of MFFs were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusion: Interpersonal violence, followed by RTAs and falls, was the most common cause of MFIs. The nasal bone was the most common injury site, followed by the mandible and zygomatic complex. Social education with the objective of reducing aggression and interpersonal conflict should be improved, and appropriate RTA prevention strategies should be strengthened and implemented.
Explainable Machine Learning Prediction for COVID-19 Mortality in the Colombian Population
Authors: Morales Gabriel Ricardo Vásquez , Monterrubio Sergio Mauricio Martínez , García Juan Antonio Recio , Ger Pablo Moreno 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has become a global public health problem, resulting in large numbers of infections and deaths. One of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease is to identify those people who are most at risk of becoming infected, seriously ill and dying from the virus so that they can be isolated in a targeted manner to reduce mortality rates. This article proposes using machine learning, specifically neural networks, and random forests, to build two complementary models that identify the probability that a person has of dying because of COVID-19. The models are trained with the demographic information and medical history of two population groups: 43,000 people who died from COVID-19 in Colombia during 2020, and a random sample of 43,000 people who became ill with COVID-19 during the same period but later recovered. After training the neural network classification model, evaluation metrics were applied that yielded an 88% accuracy value. However, transparency is a major requirement for the explicability of the COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, a complementary random forest model was trained that identified the most significant predictors of mortality by COVID-19.
A Novel p.K116Q SNP in the OLR1 Gene and Its Relation to Fecundity in Awassi Ewes
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed M. , Al-Thuwaini Tahreer Mohammed , Al-Shuhaib Mohammed Baqur S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSheep's fecundity is determined by both twinning rate and litter size, both influenced by several genes, one of which is OLR1 (oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor gene). This study aimed to determine the genetic variation of the OLR1 gene affecting the fecundity traits of Awassi ewes. ResultsTwo genotypes of 334-bp amplicons, CC and CA were detected. In a sequence reaction, the novel mutation p.K116Q was discovered in CA genotypes. There was a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and reproductive traits, in that sheep with the p.K116Q SNP had lower litter size, twinning rate, fecundity, and lambing percentages than individuals with CC genotypes. The ewes with CC genotypes had 1.98 lambs more than those with CA genotypes. These observations imply that the missense p.K116Q variant has an adverse effect on the traits under study. ConclusionsAs such, SNP p.K116Q appears to negatively influence fecundity traits in Awassi sheep. The data evidence that the OLR1 gene variant is one of the most important candidates for marker-assisted selection in the sheep industry.
Efficacy and Safety of Da-Chai-Hu-Tang in Lipid Profile in High-Risk, Statin-Treated Patients with Residual HyperTG: An 12-Week, Randomized, Active-Control, Open Clinical Study
Authors: Lee Young Shin , Lee Jung Myung , Chung Hye Moon , Woo Jong Shin , Lee Byung Cheol , Kim Weon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
Da-chai-hu-tang (DCHT) is one of the insurance-covered herbal extracts, which proved the effect on reducing serum triglycerides (TG) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in animal experiment and small clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCHT in high-risk, statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia.
Methods
This was a 12-week, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, investigator-initiated, single center trial. A total of 50 patients were screened. After a 2-week run-in period, 42 of these patients with high cardiovascular risks whose LDL cholesterol levels were controlled by statin treatment, but TG levels of 200 to 500mg/dL were randomly assigned 1:1 to the OMEGA3 (1000mg twice a day) group or DCHT (1 pack (3g) three times a day) group for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was defined as the percentage change of TG at 12 weeks compared to the baseline, and changes in other lipid profiles and endothelial cell function by reactive hyperemic index (RHI) were included as secondary endpoints. Safety analyses were also performed.
Results
The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. In the OMEGA3 group, the average TG level decreased from 294.4 (71.9) to 209.9 (107.8) mg/dL (p = 0.004), and in the DCHT group, from 288.7 (59.0) to 227.5 (98.0) mg/dL (p = 0.001). The percentage change of TG was − 27.5 and − 22.4 (p = 0.575), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the both groups. LDL cholesterol in the OMEGA3 group decreased from 88.6 (21.7) to 80.8 (17.5) mg/dL (p = 0.049), and from 86.1 (21.5) to 82.8 (15.4) mg/dL (p = 0.406) in the DCHT group. The difference was not significant. RHI also showed no significant change at the baseline and end of treatment, from 1.588 to 1.764 in the OMEGA3 group and from 1.901 to 1.858 in the DCHT group. There were no severe adverse events in both groups, and at 12 weeks, there was one patient in each group whose LFT increased more than twice compared to baseline.
Conclusions
In high-risk, statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia, administration of OMEGA3 or DCHT for 12 weeks showed a significant reduction in TG, and the effect of DCHT was not inferior to OMEGA3.
Trial registration:
The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Kyung Hee University Hospital (KHUH 2019-07-035-003), and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Treatment and Prognosis of Postoperative Acute Cerebral Venous Infarctions
Authors: Cai Qing , Wang Shoujie , Zhou Jiahua , Qin Huaizhou , Feng Dayun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe incidence of cerebral venous infarctions is not high, but this condition can cause serious complications. This paper summarizes the cases of serious complications after cerebral venous infarctions and proposes corresponding treatment strategies.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 5 patients that had severe complications secondary to injury or sacrifice of related veins during the resection of different intracranial lesions (cerebellopontine angle, lateral ventricle, frontal lobe, falx parietal lobe, frontal parietal lobe). There were 2 males and 3 females, aged 34-58 years. Routine CT and MRI/MRV examinations were performed before the operation, and the diagnoses were a hemifacial spasm, a meningioma of the lateral ventricle, a hemangioma, a falx meningioma and a glioma. Postoperative CT examinations were performed to understand the intracranial conditions of the patients.ResultsFive cases had injuries to associated veins, which included the cerebellar cortical vein, internal cerebral vein, middle frontal vein, straight sinus, and postfrontal vein, during the operations. There were 2 cases of venous infarctions, 3 cases of hemorrhagic infarctions, 2 cases who had conservative treatment, 3 cases who had surgical treatment, 1 case who died (the hemifacial spasm), 1 case who had a vegetative survival (the lateral ventricular meningioma), and 3 cases with good recoveries (the hemangioma, falx meningioma, and glioma).ConclusionsSurgeons should pay more attention to intracranial vein injuries during procedures. Acute neurological dysfunction or even death may occur after these injuries. Surgeons should closely monitor the condition of the patient and proceed with surgical intervention if necessary. The prognosis is usually good for these surgery cases, but the prognosis can be poor if important veins are injured. The key to avoiding cerebral venous infarctions is to preserve the integrity of the veins to the greatest extent during the operation.
Interactions Between Human-Driven and Autonomous Vehicles on Public Roads
Authors: Sinha Amolika , Radwan Ahmed , Dixit Vinayak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To achieve the level of safety and efficiencies promised by autonomous vehicles (AVs), understanding of interactions between human driven vehicles and AVs is crucial. The limited access to publicly available AV data in the field has been the main source of challenge to explore these questions. Using recently released annotated AV data released by Waymo, we investigate interactions between AVs with Human-driven manual vehicles (MVs) in a public road environment. A scalable methodology is presented to study interactions between AVs and MVs. This research reports two main findings (a) AVs tend to be more conservative than MVs at higher speeds on arterials and at lower speeds on freeways (b) No statistical differences in the mean reaction times between MVs and AVs, however, MVs following MVs were found to have statistically significantly lower variance in reaction times. These findings demonstrate the broader impacts of AVs on traffic flow and capacity.
Analysis of the Change of Artificial Intelligence to Online Consumption Patterns and Consumption Concepts
Authors: Bai Longyue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the change of artificial intelligence to online consumption patterns and consumption concepts, this paper explores the changes of artificial intelligence to online consumption patterns and consumption concepts, which are mainly realized through intelligent platforms.Moreover, this paper uses intelligent algorithms to improve the efficiency of system processing data, and uses data mining algorithms to process consumption patterns and consumption concept data.In addition, this paper studies the size and effect of the intermediary role played by payment mental accounts in payment costs and consumer purchase decisions, and studies the changes and effects of artificial intelligence on people's consumption patterns.Finally, this paper analyzes the changes of artificial intelligence to online consumption patterns and consumption concepts by investigating access methods and big data technology. Through investigation and research, we know that artificial intelligence can change consumption patterns, and make people more willing to accept this pattern of smart consumption, and it improves the convenience of people's consumption.
SLC39A1 Contributes to Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Activating AMPK Signaling
Authors: Yu Hao , Mei Xiaoping , Zhang Xueming , Qian Neng , Yu Qingjiang , Qiu Huiwen , Wang Jiayi , Kang Yongli , Yang Jie , Zhou Hongkun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) serves as a prevailing tumor type with high mortality and poor prognosis. The study aims to explore the mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC patients. Methods: Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to analyze the expression of SLC39A1 in PDAC samples. PDAC cells were culture and transfected with siSLC39A1 and siNC, respectively. Cell proliferation analysis was performed using CCK-8 assay. And qPCR and Western blotting was used to analysis the expression level of SLC39A1 and related signal molecular in cells. Results: IHC results demonstrated that the SLC39A1 expression was significantly up-regulated in the gemcitabine-resistant PDAC samples compared with gemcitabine-sensitive PDAC samples. The treatment of gemcitabine dose-dependently inhibited the viability of the PDAC cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression of SLC39A1 were elevated in the gemcitabine-resistant PDAC. The treatment of gemcitabine remarkably decreased viability of PDACs, in which SLC39A1 depletion could reverse this effect. SLC39A1 knockdown could reverse the gemcitabine-induced phosphorylation of AMPK enhanced and gemcitabine-inhibited S6K expression. Conclusion: SLC39A1 contributed to gemcitabine resistance of PDAC by activating AMPK signaling.
Structural and Electrical Dynamics of a Grating-Patterned Triboelectric Energy Harvester with Stick-Slip Oscillation and Magnetic Bistability
Authors: Zhao Huai , Ouyang Huajiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The majority of research work on triboelectric energy harvesting is on material science, manufacturing and electric circuit design. There is a lack of in-depth research into structural dynamics which is crucial for power generation in triboelectric energy harvesting. In this paper, a novel triboelectric energy harvester with a compact structure working in sliding mode is developed, which is in the form of a casing and an oscillator inside. Unlike most sliding-mode harvesters using single-unit films, the proposed harvester utilizes grating-patterned films which are much more efficient. A bistable mechanism consisting of two pairs of magnets is employed for broadening the frequency bandwidth. A theoretical model is established for the harvester, which couples the structural dynamics domain and electrical dynamics domain. This paper presents the first study about the nonlinear structural dynamics of a triboelectric energy harvester with grating-patterned films, which is also the first triboelectric energy harvester integrating grating-patterned films with a bistable magnetic system for power performance enhancement. Theoretical studies are carried out from the perspectives of both structural and electrical dynamics. A comparison between the coupled model and uncoupled model reveals that the electrostatic force between the electrodes can be neglected. Great differences in structural response and electrical output are found between a velocity-dependent model and Coulomb’s model for modelling the friction in the harvester. The bistable mechanism can effectively improve the output voltage under low-frequency excitations. Additionally, the output voltage can also be obviously enhanced through increasing the number of the hollowed-out units of the grating-patterned films, which also results in a slight decrease of the optimal load resistance of the harvester. These findings enable innovative designs for triboelectric energy harvesters and provide fabrication guidelines in practical applications.
Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Iranian Adolescents
Authors: Maleki Azam , Faghihzadeh Elham , Youseflu Samaneh , Arsang-Jang Shahram , barjasteh Shahnaz Zamani 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the main concerns of public health is increasing inequality of health status, that has adverse effect on people's life. The aim of the current study is to analyze the role of socio-economic factors as a predictor of health-related quality of life (QoL) among Iranian adolescence. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 576 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, in Zanjan province from December 2020 to February 2021. The samples were selected using the Multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected by a demographic checklist, and KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS ver.16. The Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) Version 4.0 (beta) was used to assess adolescents' QoL inequalities in terms of socio-economic subgroups. Result: The results show that, 27.2 adolescents had low quality of life. The score of physical and autonomy components of QoL were significantly more in male versus school environment in female students. Also, the asset, father's, and mother's education, and family income in female students, and the asset and family income in male students were significantly related with the quality-of-life (p<0.05). The risk of lower QOL in the poorest quintile was 1.32 times more than in the richest quintile. The consideration index of Asset in terms of sex was 4.5 and the modified Gini index was more than 0.5 in females and males. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the significant effects of socio-economic inequality on HRQL of Iranian adolescence. Requires a targeted policy approach to reach the poorest quintile for improving the quality of life of adolescents.