bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of aortic arch anatomical branching variants in Kenyan population as shown on contrast enhanced chest multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Amakabane Daniel M. , Mwango Gladys N. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of aortic arch(AA) anatomical branching variants present in Kenyan population as shown on a chest contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: The study design was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in 6 months (between May and November 2016) at the Kenyatta National Hospital(KNH) department of Radiology. Participants were recruited amongst patients referred for a chest contrast enhanced MDCT. Acquired data was subjected to volume rendering technique (VRT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) software to define the anatomy of the AA. The type of AA branching classification used was one derived by Natsis et al. Data analysis involved calculating frequency distributions of AA variations using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 software. Results: One hundred and eighty-five subjects (86 males and 99 females) were recruited. Ninety-five participants had classical AA Natsis type I. Ninety participants had non-classical variant AA of which 83 participants had Natsis type II while 2 patients had Natsis type III. The remaining 3 had a variant AA not found in the Natsis study. Conclusions: Variations in the branching pattern of AA are very common in Kenya with the most common being Natsis type II. Keywords: aortic arch; anatomical variants; branching variation; chest multidetector computed tomography
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia complicating pregnancy
Authors: Mutseyekwa Brightson N. , Sachikonye Mordecai , Chiwaka Lameck , Changata Netsai C. 
Published: April 2021

Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is rare but has a high maternal and foetal mortality. We present a case of 32-year-old patient who presented in her 2nd trimester of pregnancy with signs and symptoms of large bowel obstruction. An exploratory laparotomy revealed that the transverse colon had herniated through a diaphragmatic tear as the cause of the intestinal obstruction. The delays in presentation and diagnostic dilemmas associated with intestinal obstruction in pregnancy are manifested in this case. Keywords: intestinal obstruction; pregnancy; diaphragmatic hernia
Pilonidal sinus disease: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Olawoye Olayinka A. , Obadan Izegaegbe O. , Choji Joshua D. 
Published: April 2021

Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic granulomatous condition resulting from the presence of hair in the subcutaneous tissues. Its treatment ranges from simple hygiene measures to complex surgical interventions depending on the mode of presentation. We present a 59-year-old man who had a history of re-current swelling in the left gluteal region of about 2 years duration. After a diagnosis was made of pilonidal sinus disease, he had open surgery with laying open of the sinus and exploration with a probe in the operating room under local anesthesia. The sinus measured about 4 cm. He had drainage of the sinus cavity with curettage of the floor of the sinus. Pilonidal sinus disease may not be as uncommon in our setting as previously thought. A high index of suspicion should be entertained based on the characteristic location and typical presentation of the condition. Keywords: pilonidal sinus; pilonidal disease; pilonidal cavity
Treatment outcomes of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia at Beit Cure International Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Akaro Inyas L. , James Kyle , Chokotho Linda , Burgess David , Mkandawire Nyengo , Samoyo Pamela T.K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare condition. The natural history of CPT includes persistent instability and progressive deformity. Several CPT treatment methods have been practiced, however, in Africa where there is scarce information on the modalities of treatment available and their outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted among patients with CPT at Beit Cure International Hospital (BCIH), Malawi. Forty-four patients were recruited in this study and their treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Out of 44 patients recruited in this study, majority (63.6%) were male. The majority of cases were stage 4 congenital tibia pseudarthrosis by Crawford classification. Most patients were treated by more than one surgical modality; however, surgical excision and intramedullary rodding was commonly used (54.7%). The outcomes of treatment were good in 5%, fair in 30%, with amputation in 45% and poor outcomes in 20% of the patients. Complications developed in 60% of patients, predominated by limb length discrepancy. The foot and ankle status were rated by Oxford Foot and Ankle scoring system (OxFAQ). Conclusions: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a complex congenital disorder with multiple modalities of treatment. Majority of the patients were treated by more than one operation. Some patients ended up with amputation or poor outcome. Limb length discrepancy, deep infection and pin tract infection are among the common complications. Keywords: congenital pseudarthrosis; tibia; treatment outcomes; Malawi
Técnicas de Modelagem de Conformação de Chapas por Elementos Finitos
Authors: Palmeira Alexandre Alvarenga , Habibe Alexandre Fernandes , Jacome Paulo André Dias 
Published: April 2021

A necessidade de redução do tempo e dos custos de geração de um projeto faz com que a indústria utilize métodos de simulação numérica para o desenvolvimento de produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar quais os modelos e métodos de solução são mais adequados e eficientes na simulação da conformação de chapas pelo MEF, através de modificações dos parâmetros de simulação, tais como: técnica de integração no tempo, velocidade de análise e refino de malha. Para tanto, é simulado o ensaio de estiramento de chapas finas proposto pela Universidade do Estado de Ohio e o embutimento de uma lata de atum. Nas simulações é utilizado o código ABAQUS. Observa-se, que o método implícito dinâmico possuir uma melhor precisão nos resultados simulados, quando comparados com os resultados experimentais e apresenta um elevado custo computacional. Em virtude de tal fato, o método explícito dinâmico apresenta uma melhor relação custo/benefício. Conclui-se que avelocidade imposta ao modelo, apresenta uma grande influência na acurácia dos resultados. Observa-se que mesmo para níveis de velocidade muito baixos a relação energia cinética/energia de deformação é superior a 5%. Outro aspecto que apresenta elevadainfluência na precisão dos resultados é o refino da malha da chapa.
Importância da Psicomotricidade na Construção do saber no Ensino Superior do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA
Authors: Falcão Hilda Torres , Ramos Cíntia Delesposti , Pires Denian Alexandre , Da Silva Jozilene , Da Silva Peixoto Márcia Christine 
Published: April 2021

Tendo em vista o contexto atual do Ensino Superior no mundo contemporâneo, a proposta deste trabalho é enfocar, numa visão interacionista e dialética, a importância entre a Psicomotricidade e a construção do saber; sensibilizar a comunidade acadêmica a estar mais atenta a fim de perceber e interessar-se pelo discente na sua totalidade e, também, a refletir sobre a importância da inter-relação (docente – discente) tão fundamental para a construção do saber, possibilitando com isso um desenvolvimento intelectual ajustado aos integrantes da vida acadêmica.
Pós-Modernismo e os Ataques à História
Authors: Avelar Alexandre De Sá 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo apresentar e discutir alguns impactos da filosofia pós-moderna sobre a possibilidade do conhecimento histórico. Para tal, considerará que o paradigma pós-moderno tornou-se um referencial terórico-conceitual cuja relevância nao pode mais ser negada pela comunidade de historiadores profissionais. Serão abordados, de forma mais sistemática, dois aspectos fundamentais: a insuficiência de uma auto-reflexão histórica por parte dos pós-modernos e a negação da capacidade da disciplina histórica de oferecer análises e sínteses de caráter globalizante. Por fim, procurar-se-á defender a idéia de uma história racional, cujos métodos e procedimentos empíricos apontam na direção da possibilidade epistemológica de sínteses explicativas.
The comparison of endoscopic and external surgical approaches for sinonasal inverted papilloma and their impact on tumour recurrence
Authors: Nowinka Zuzanna , Ahmed Shadaba 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a rare, benign tumour originating from the mucosal lining of the sinonasal cavity. The treatment is aimed at complete tumour resection. Current resection methods include external excision, endoscopic surgery and a combined approach. The high rate of SNIP recurrence poses a challenge for the ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist. There is a debate about which method provides the best outcomes. In this study, the most recent literature is analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of each surgical approach in terms of recurrence rate and surgical complications.
Results: The literature search yielded data for 941 patients from ten studies. The analysis showed a recurrence rate of 13.5% for the endoscopic approach, 34% for combined and 36.7% for the external. The lowest recurrence rate (0%-3.6%) was reported when novel endoscopic approaches, such as prelacrimal recess or ‘TuNa’ saving, were used. However, the comparison of surgical complications was challenging due to inconsistent reporting.
Discussion: The external approach previously considered a ‘gold standard’ is now becoming replaced by endoscopic surgery. The advantages of an endoscopic approach are a lower recurrence rate, better visualisation of the tumour and a more precise excision. Moreover, this approach preserves the surrounding tissues, reducing the amount of complications and recovery time. However, the external approach should still be employed when SNIP is widespread or in proximity with vital structures. Careful pre-operative planning is needed as the primary surgery has the best chances of eliminating the disease. Each revision surgery subsequently increases the risk of SNIP recurrence. Furthermore, there is a need for agreement on minimal surveillance time after SNIP resection.
Conclusion: The endoscopic approach should be a mainstay of SNIP treatment due to low recurrence rate and better patient outcomes. Nevertheless, ENT specialists should keep in mind that for more advanced disease, external an combined methods may be more appropriate.
Number Head Together (NHT) in Teaching Writing in EFL Classroom
Authors: Hamdiah Hidayatul , Yusoff Nik Mohd Rahimi Nik 
Published: April 2021

This article focused on the effectiveness of Number Head Together in teaching writing in the EFL Classroom. The aim of the study was to improve EFL students’ writing. This study was quantitative research and used an experimental design. The population was 30 students and the sample was 15 students. Purposive sampling was used in determining the sample of the study. The writing test was the instrument used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test to test the hypothesis. The students' instrument was an essay-informed descriptive text. Furthermore, the researchers used pre and post to compare scores before and after implied Number Head Together. The mean score of the pre-test was 49.06 at p = 1.364 and the post-test was 78.40 at p = 1.576 which was higher than 0.05 (as the standard significance level in SPSS). This value showed the differences before and after implementing Number Head Together. Hence, it can be concluded that Number Head Together was significantly effective in teaching writing in the tenth graders of Public Vocational High School (SMKN) 1 Janapria, Indonesia. However, The student's writing improves because in grouping the students able to help each other.
Keywords: Number Head Together (NHT), EFL Classroom, Teaching Writing
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan
Authors: Munasir Munasir 
Published: April 2021

Kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin pendidikan bertugas untuk menciptakan situasi belajar mengajar sehingga guru-guru dapat mengajar dan murid-murid dapat belajar dengan baik. Maka kepala sekolah hendaknya mampu menjalankan fungsi sebagai pendidik, manajer, administrator, supervisor, leader, inovator, dan motivator yang baik agar dapat dikatakan bahwa kepala sekolah memiliki kemampuan yang baik. Selain kepala sekolah, guru juga menjadi salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya profesionalisasi keguruan yaitu peningkatan segala daya dan usaha dalam rangka pencapaian secara optimal layanan yang akan diberikan kepada masayarakat. Untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru, kepala sekolah dapat mengupayakan kelompok yang kompak (kohesif), cerdas, serta membuat saling terkait dan terikat antar fungsi dan antar warganya, menumbuhkan solidaritas atau kerjasama atau kolaborasi dan bukan kompetisi sehingga terbentuk iklim kolektifitas yang dapat menjamin kepastian output sekolah. Kepala Sekolah menciptakan situasi yang dapat menumbuhkan kreativitas dan memberikan peluang kepada warganya untuk melakukan eksperimen-eksperimen untuk menghasilkan kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru, meskipun hasilnya tidak selalu benar.
Land–sea temperature contrasts at the Last Interglacial and their impact on the hydrological cycle
Authors: Yeung Nicholas King-Hei , Menviel Laurie , Meissner Katrin J. , Taschetto Andréa S. , Ziehn Tilo , Chamberlain Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Due to different orbital configurations, high northern latitude summer insolation was higher during the Last Interglacial period (LIG; 129–116 thousand years before present, ka) than during the pre-industrial period (PI), while high southern latitude summer insolation was lower. The climatic response to these changes is studied here with focus on the Southern Hemisphere monsoons, by performing an equilibrium experiment of the LIG at 127 ka with the Australian Earth System Model, ACCESS-ESM1.5, as part of the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project 4 (PMIP4). Simulated mean surface air temperature between 40 and 60∘ N over land during boreal summer is 6.5 ∘C higher at the LIG compared to PI, which leads to a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and a strengthening of the North African and Indian monsoons. Despite 0.4 ∘C cooler conditions in austral summer in the Southern Hemisphere (0–90∘ S), annual mean air temperatures are 1.2 ∘C higher at southern mid-latitudes to high latitudes (40–80∘ S). These differences in temperature are coincident with a large-scale reorganisation of the atmospheric circulation. The ITCZ shifts southward in the Atlantic and Indian sectors during the LIG austral summer compared to PI, leading to increased precipitation over the southern tropical oceans. However, weaker Southern Hemisphere insolation during LIG austral summer induces a significant cooling over land, which in turn weakens the land–sea temperature contrast, leading to an overall reduction (−20 %) in monsoonal precipitation over the Southern Hemisphere's continental regions compared to PI. The intensity and areal extent of the Australian, South American and South African monsoons are consistently reduced in LIG. This is associated with greater pressure and subsidence over land due to a strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell during austral summer.
Co-evolution of xylem water and soil water stable isotopic composition in a northern mixed forest biome
Authors: Snelgrove Jenna R. , Buttle James M. , Kohn Matthew J. , Tetzlaff Dörthe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Plant–soil water isotopic dynamics in northern forests have been understudied relative to other forest types; nevertheless, such information can provide insight into how such forests may respond to hydroclimatic change. This study examines the co-evolution of xylem water and soil water stable isotopic compositions in a northern mixed forest in Ontario, Canada. Gross precipitation, bulk soil water and xylem water were sampled from pre-leaf out to post-senescence in 2016 for eastern white cedar, eastern hemlock, red oak and eastern white pine. Near-bole soil water contents and mobile soil water isotopic compositions were measured for the last three species. Mobile soil water did not deviate significantly from the local meteoric water line (LMWL). In contrast, near-surface bulk soil water showed significant evaporative enrichment relative to the LMWL from pre-leaf out to peak leaf out under all tree canopies, while xylem water was significantly depleted in 18O and particularly 2H relative to bulk soil water throughout the growing season. Inter-species differences in deviation of xylem water from the LMWL and their temporal changes emerged during the growing season, with coniferous species xylem water becoming isotopically enriched, while that of red oak became more depleted in 2H and 18O. These divergences occurred despite thin soil cover (generally <0.5 m depth to bedrock) which would constrain inter-species differences in tree rooting depths in this landscape. Isotopic fractionation at the tree root and fractionation of xylem water via evaporation through the tree bark are among the most plausible potential explanations for deviations between xylem and soil water isotopic compositions. Differences in the timing and intensity of water use between deciduous and coniferous trees may account for inter-specific variations in xylem water isotopic composition and its temporal evolution during the growing season in this northern forest landscape.
Reality check: How adolescents use TikTok as a digital backchanneling medium to speak back against institutional discourses of school(ing)
Authors: Wright William Terrell 
Published: April 2021

This article centers on how TikTok’s adolescent users “speak back” to discourses of school(ing) in the US. Through a discussion of four viral, school-related trends that have proliferated on TikTok over the past two years, the author calls attention to the ways school(ing), as a largescale, democratic project and socially constructed phenomenon, is being shaped by young people, for young people on a digital platform that backchannels a largely resistant attitude toward the institutional framing of school(ing) upheld by many adult educators today. The hope is that educators might engage these moments of rupture and feelings of dissonance in considerate ways that do not combat or cheapen the experiences of the young people in classrooms but instead open up opportunities for understanding and dialogue.
Análisis conductista del derecho penal y su aplicación: una amistosa revisión crítica
Authors: Harel Alon , Teichman Doron 
Published: April 2021

El Análisis económico-conductista del derecho examina las relaciones entre el derecho y las ciencias del comportamiento. Acepta la premisa de que el comportamiento humano puede predecirse; sin embargo, reemplaza los supuestos tradicionales de la teoría de la elección racional con predicciones alternativas, basadas en fenómenos de comportamiento bien documentados. En el contexto del derecho penal, el Análisis económico-conductista del derecho sostiene que el sistema jurídico debe utilizar los hallazgos de las ciencias del comportamiento para inducir a los individuos a actuar de manera socialmente deseable. Los autores examinan algunas objeciones a esta visión desde una perspectiva tanto pragmática como de principios. Por ejemplo, exploran la cuestión relativa a que el Análisis económico-conductista del derecho trata a las personas, no como agentes, sino como simples animales para ser domesticados; ello está en tensión con las premisas básicas del derecho penal. También plantean algunas inquietudes metodológicas. Por ejemplo, las predicciones conductistas a menudo son indeterminadas y dependen del contexto. De todos modos, los autores sostienen que a pesar de estas limitaciones, el Análisis económico-conductista del derecho debe utilizarse en el contexto del derecho penal y proporcionan ejemplos particulares de cómo podría contribuir a la efectividad de las normas penales.
Comunidad y contexto epistémico en la prueba pericial
Authors: Rimoldi Florencia 
Published: April 2021

En este comentario deseo abordar el trabajo de Vázquez a partir de consideraciones epistemológicas que, según mi propuesta, son relevan- tes para comprender el contexto judicial de averiguación de hechos y sus exigencias. Utilizo estas consideraciones para iluminar algunos aspectos de la práctica que pueden tener impacto en la apreciación de la propuesta de la autora. Para esto, este comentario se divide en tres partes. En la primera, ofrezco una síntesis crítica de la propuesta de Vázquez. En la segunda, argu- mento que algunas discusiones provenientes de la epistemología deberían incorporarse al modelo epistemológico ofrecido por la autora para dar una imagen más completa de las diferentes interacciones epistémicas que tienen lugar durante el proceso en cuestión. En la tercera retomo las propuestas más salientes de Vázquez relacionadas con estos puntos para considerarlas a la luz de los mismos.
La moderación judicial como legado constitucional autoritario: el Supremo Tribunal Federal brasilero y las facultades legislativas presidenciales
Authors: Arguelhes Diego Werneck 
Published: April 2021

Durante la transición democrática de los 90, el Supremo Tribunal Federal brasilero (“STF”) fue significativamente moderado en la interpretación e implementación de poderes que la nueva Constitución le había otorgado, particularmente en relación con la cuestión de las facultades legislativas presidenciales. La nueva Constitución creó un mecanismo limitado para la legislación presidencial (medidas provisórias), sujeto a distintos tipos de control de constitucionalidad. Sin embargo, el STF limitó y moderó estos nuevos controles de varias maneras, adoptando en general una postura pasiva. Si bien en un contexto de consolidación democrática y desde una perspectiva estratégica estas muestras de moderación judicial no serían extrañas, en este artículo uso el caso brasilero para mostrar la influencia de otro tipo de variable: concepciones jurídicas preconstitucionales sobre el alcance de la decisión judicial. Tales concepciones pueden influir en el comportamiento judicial más allá de los cálculos estratégicos, en tanto que pueden expresar y moldear creencias sinceras de los jueces acerca del rol apropiado de su institución en relación con los otros poderes. El caso brasilero muestra que el legado de creencias judiciales tradicionales puede triunfar incluso sobre nuevos textos constitucionales —aun cuando estos textos otorgan a las cortes claras facultades para controlar otras ramas del gobierno—, moldeando así de forma perdurable la separación de poderes.
The Contributiion of Interactive Teaching Material in Pandemic ; Interctive Website and Automation
Authors: Riyanto Andi Perdana 
Published: April 2021

Pandemic makes all the activity especially learningis to be done at home. The study contains the development of learning media college students using Edmodo. it is intended to prepare students to face the new era that called industrial era 4.0. it require students to master several application and auotomation.therefore, the instructor should be able to employ and use the aplication to enlighten the job. Its becomes the basis of this research to gain information wetheter storing the material and attendance list using Edmodo is helpful. The theory of R n D or called research and development is used. Some of the processes are storing the material, . This study shows that the content consequence is good and applicable. In addition, the reliability and practicality of the material in the Edmodo also show good results and acceptable