bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiring and Employing Wounded and Disabled Veterans
Authors: Young Judy , Stern Lisa , Geller Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Some members of the military may leave the service with physical and/or psychological injuries or wounds. This chapter offers business leaders and human resource professionals a blueprint for hiring and retaining wounded warriors and veterans with disabilities in civilian organizations by providing an overview of the intersection between disability, veteran status, and employment. It contextualizes the employment picture of this population, addresses misconceptions surrounding their capabilities, and provides employers a road map for how to help them successfully reintegrate into the civilian workforce. The chapter provides guidance on tackling obstacles faced by both employers and veterans throughout the hiring process and addresses and dispels the myths related to job performance. Key issues of disability disclosure and reasonable accommodation are indicated, followed by promising practices for hiring and retaining veterans with disabilities. The chapter concludes by outlining federal laws pertaining to the employment of veterans with disabilities along with additional resources for employers.
Veteran Affinity Groups and Mentoring Programs
Authors: Poteet Mark L. , Allen Tammy D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides guidance and best practices on corporate veteran affinity groups and mentoring programs and how they can increase the retention, engagement, and satisfaction of veteran employees in civilian organizations. It begins by defining these programs and outlining their benefits in general. It then outlines specifically how such programs can address challenges veterans face in the workplace, thus benefitting both companies and veteran employees. Then specific issues and steps to take in creating such programs are discussed. The chapter concludes with overall recommendations and best practices companies can follow to leverage the power of these programs. Short case examples of different companies’ programs are provided to illustrate key points.
Error Detection and Representational Mechanisms
Authors: Bielecka Krystyna , Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends a mechanistic and teleosemantic view of naturalized intentionality that underlies the role of error detection via coherence checking. Representational mechanisms serve the biological functions of representing, which are related to the semantic value of representation: its truth or falsity, its being vacuous or satisfied, or its accuracy. If representational mechanisms contain (or interact with) error-detection mechanisms, the semantic value of representation is causally relevant. As long as semantic value is causally relevant in cognitive explanations, the content of representation is arguably causally relevant, which vindicates the notion of mental representation in contemporary scientific research. Error detection is understood mechanistically in terms of coherence checking, which is purely computational and does not presuppose any semantic function. This chapter analyzes this conceptually and demonstrates that this account is descriptively adequate by citing a recent experiment on zebra finches, even though discrepancy detection is not always related to intentionality.
What Should We Teach?
Authors: Schrier Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 delves into the specific civics and ethics skills and knowledge that are necessary to teach. It dives into US standards, approaches, and frameworks, including the college, career, and civic life (C3) framework for social studies state standards; the civics assessment framework; the 10 proven practices for civics education; connected civics; action civics; and the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) framework. It also includes the Jubilee Centre for Character & Virtues framework from the United Kingdom. From these frameworks, the chapter poses three different themes and nine guiding questions. The three themes are real-world knowledge and action; connection and community; and critical thinking and inquiry, and the nine questions form the basis for the subsequent chapters in the book.
Kant's Doctrine of Virtue
Authors: Timmons Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This book is a reader’s guide to Kant’s final work in moral philosophy, The Doctrine of Virtue, Part II of the 1797 Metaphysics of Morals. The guide has five parts plus a conclusion. Part I, “Background,” includes two chapters: 1. “Life and Work” and 2. “Philosophical Background.” Part II, “General Introduction to The Metaphysics of Morals,” covers the introduction to the entire work and includes three chapters: 3. “On the Idea of and Necessity for a Metaphysics of Morals,” 4. “Mental Faculties, the Moral Law, and Human Motivation,” and 5. “Preliminary Concepts and Division of the Metaphysics of Morals.” Part III, “Introduction to The Doctrine of Virtue,” includes four chapters covering Kant’s dedicated introduction to the Doctrine of Virtue: 6. “The Doctrine of Virtue as a Doctrine of Ends,” 7. “General Ends that Are Also Duties,” 8. “Radical Evil and the Nature of Virtue,” and 9. “The Science of Ethics.” Part IV, “The Doctrine of Elements,” is devoted to Kant’s system of duties of virtue that represents his normative ethical theory. It contains six chapters: 10. “Perfect Duties to Oneself as an Animal Being,” 11. “Perfect Duties to Oneself Merely as a Moral Being,” 12. Imperfect Duties to Oneself,” 13. “Duties of Love to Other Human Beings,” 14. “The Vices of Hatred and Disrespect,” and 15. “Friendship.” Part V, “The Doctrine of Methods of Ethics and Conclusion,” includes chapter 16 “Moral Education and Practice.” The book’s conclusion reflects on the significance of The Doctrine of Virtue for understanding Kant’s ethics.
Deep Disagreements and Political Polarization
Authors: Ridder Jeroen de 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In deep disagreements, parties disagree about relatively fundamental underlying moral or epistemic principles and therefore see each other as less than fully rational or morally subpar. The chapter argues that deep disagreements lead to both cognitive and practical polarization, especially when they concern matters that are central to people’s social identities: deeply disagreeing parties will think less of each other and tend to treat each other worse. This, in turn, entrenches their disagreement even further, resulting in a vicious feedback loop. Support for the claims made here comes from both conceptual connections between deep disagreement and polarization as well as widely established empirical results in psychology and political science.
The Question of Consent’s Scope
Authors: Dougherty Tom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter frames this book’s inquiry by discussing the question of what fixes the scope of consent and the methods to use in order to answer this question. The question of the scope of consent is a question about which moral changes are brought about by consent. When someone’s consent is valid, it releases the consent-receiver from duties. This book sets to one side the questions of which duties we have and which conditions must be met for consent to be valid. Instead, this book asks a downstream question. Phrased in terms of duties, this question is: of all the duties from which the consent-giver can release the consent-receiver, what determines the duties from which the consent-receiver is released by the consent-giver’s valid consent? To answer that question, this book will use four methods. First, this book will adopt the comparative method in moral philosophy by comparing the pros and cons of three rival accounts. Each account is made up of a view of consent, a principle for consent’s scope, and an argument that supports this view and principle. Second, this book will develop and evaluate these accounts by adopting the method of cases, which involves considering accounts’ implications for various cases. Third, this book will look at bigger-picture arguments. Fourth, this book will inform our discussion by drawing on work in the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of language, and epistemology.
The Permissive Intention Principle
Authors: Dougherty Tom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter exploits the Autonomy Argument to motivate the Permissive Intention Principle for the scope of consent. According to this principle, the scope of consent is determined by the mental content of a consent-giver’s ‘permissive intentions’. These are intentions to release another person from duties that they owe to the consent-giver. The Autonomy Argument supports the Permissive Intention Principle because there is little value to the consent-giver controlling whether they consent unless they also control what they consent to. Since permissive intentions are propositional attitudes, we can think of these intentions’ contents in contrastive terms. These intentions distinguish two sets of possible interactions, according to whether someone intends to permit these interactions. That gives us a clear way of thinking about the contents of permissive intentions without adopting the idea that someone consents ‘under a description’.
Challenges to EU Legality in the Field of Asylum and Migration Law
Authors: Brouwer Evelien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
‘EU legality’ in EU migration and asylum laws can be considered as a double-edged sword. This chapter describes how, on the one hand, the CJEU, by the mere application of general principles of EU law, offered in its case-law important criteria strengthening the rights and legal protection of third-country nationals while, on the other hand, more recent developments show that the EU legislator, but also the CJEU, almost artificially excludes migration laws or decisions from the legal framework of the EU. It will be argued that developments of ‘re-nationalization’, the application of mutual trust, and the externalization of EU asylum and migration policies, challenge the applicability of general principles of EU legality, including the protection of fundamental rights and the right to effective judicial protection.
Semitic Monotheism
Authors: Stroumsa Guy G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractErnest Renan remains the most important figure in the French study of religion. His attitudes to both Judaism and Islam must be understood against the backdrop of his notion of the two main races of humankind, the Semitic and the Indo-European, an idea which he had already developed in his early work on the Semitic languages and which continued to inform his thought throughout his life. In Renan’s view, the Semites represent a lower combination of human nature. They had for him no mythology, no epics, no science, no philosophy, no fiction, no plastic arts, no civil life … In other words, the Semites did not develop any of the fields that the Europeans understand as integral to a true living culture. In religion, the lack of myths (due to the monotony of their native deserts) meant a paucity of gods.
Sacrifice Compared
Authors: Stroumsa Guy G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough most major social anthropologists came from Britain, the new sensitivity to ritual among students of religion, it appears, was felt more powerfully in France than elsewhere. This chapter considers the conditions in which a new intellectual sensitivity to sacrifice appeared towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the immense implications of this sensitivity on new approaches to religion. Although reflection on sacrifice dates back to antiquity, it is only with the emergence of the science of religion as an academic discipline after the mid-nineteenth century that it became grounded in theoretical approaches to religion. We will see how Durkheim’s most gifted students dealt with sacrifice, and call attention to the broader political context, from the Dreyfus Affair to the First World War.
Like Two Fountains
Authors: Balberg Mira , Weiss Haim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 focuses on the aging body, and particularly on aspects of gender and sexuality of the aging body. Following a discussion of ancient medical theories regarding aging processes and their echoes in rabbinic texts, the chapter analyzes two rabbinic accounts regarding biblical figures whose bodies managed to defy the laws of aging. The first part of the chapter analyses the narrative of Abraham and Sarah’s return to their youth (BT Baba Metzi‘a 87a) and the vicissitudes through which their bodies went before and after the birth of Isaac, whereas the second part examines one story about King David’s sexuality in his old age (BT Sanhedrin 22a). The chapter argues that through the use of semi-mythical figures, the rabbis reveal both their desire to undo the processes of aging and their profound conviction that aging must ultimately be accepted.
Raise My Eyes for Me
Authors: Balberg Mira , Weiss Haim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines relationships among older and younger rabbis in the setting of the study house, focusing on the role of eyes, looks, and gazes in narrative depictions of old age. In the first story analyzed in the chapter, a young rabbi, upon gazing at an older rabbi who is dancing publicly, feels shame and self-consciousness as though his own body is implicated in the body of the old man and is put on display (BT Kettubot 17a). In the second story, an aging rabbi is the object of the harsh and merciless gaze of others but also appears capable of destroying the one who gazes at him with his own gaze (BT Baba Qamma 117a). The gaze in this story is a destructive force but also proves, in the end, to have a redeeming power.
Epilogue
Authors: Balberg Mira , Weiss Haim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Epilogue offers a brief theoretical-methodological reflection on the book by discussing the interpretive and analytical principles that guided its readings. This book sought to bring old age and aged persons into the discourse on rabbinic culture—to bring them from the shadows to the light, so to speak—and thus to enrich existing conversations on the wonderfully manifold fabric of this culture. Focusing on three key literary terms that have been critical for this work—excess, overreading, and estrangement—the epilogue accounts for an understanding of rabbinic literature as literature, and charts out the ways in which this investigation of old age helps illuminate the psychological sophistication and literary deftness of rabbinic narrative art more broadly.
Introduction
Authors: Stockhausen Ulrike Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction outlines how American evangelical Christians have responded to refugees and immigrants to the United States since the early 1960s and into the twenty-first century. It sketches the evangelical theology of hospitality, which drove this activism into the late 1980s, and notes the significant shift which took place in evangelical immigration attitudes in the 1990s. While political leanings have always shaped evangelicals’ practical responses and political positions on immigration, mainstream evangelicals’ alliance with the Republican Party profoundly impacted their theology of hospitality as the Grand Old Party shifted toward a hard-line position on immigration. The introduction provides historical context for this activism and introduces the main question which drives the book: Why did evangelicals for many years embrace an immigrant- and refugee-friendly theology, only to replace their scriptural convictions with a more skeptical interpretation of the biblical record once the issue became subject to a deeply polarized political debate?
Addressing Illegal Immigration
Authors: Stockhausen Ulrike Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the varying evangelical responses to undocumented immigrants in the 1980s. Evangelicals’ views of the Reagan administration impacted their responses to the issue of undocumented immigration. Progressive evangelicals expressed their opposition to President Reagan’s Central America policies by supporting the movement to provide church sanctuary to people who fled the civil wars in Central America. In contrast, conservative evangelicals emphasized the need to act within the confines of the law. They became part of the legalization program provided by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, the Evangelical Task Force on Legalization, run by World Relief. At the same time, they closely followed the fate of Pentecostal Christians in the Soviet Union and sponsored Soviet refugees. Apart from legal concerns, what differentiated mainstream evangelicals’ and progressive evangelicals’ responses to undocumented immigrants in the 1980s was their willingness to take a public position against the Reagan administration’s foreign policy.
Introduction to the Health of a Population
Authors: Atun Rifat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 conceptualizes a health system as a collection of interacting elements that are designed to produce outputs that lead to better population health. A system’s elements both “hang together” as a whole and continually interact and affect each other as they interoperate to produce their final result. Systems thinking is one of the most important disciplines enabling one to understand and characterize systems that display dynamic complexity. Systems thinking in health is a framework for seeing interrelationships and repeated events rather than individual activities, for discerning patterns of change, understanding responses to policies, and for deciphering human behavior within health systems and over time.
So What? Who Cares?
Authors: Atun Rifat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Chapter 9, the closing chapter, the authors raise four “So what?” issues that our fellow learners and aspiring health system designers should address: getting good value for money while simultaneously satisfying individual consumers of care and guaranteeing that all citizens can access the health care their nation provides; understanding the system’s developmental life cycle and capitalizing on a zone of innovation available in existing health system design; comprehending what reconceptualization means and giving some examples of what it might look like; and appreciating that a high-value health system needs to be owned by all and requires each and every citizen to do their part in preserving, protecting, and sustaining it.
Conservative Party-Building in Latin America
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Where do strong conservative parties come from? While there is a growing scholarly awareness about the importance of such parties for democratic stability, much less is known about their origins. In this groundbreaking book, James Loxton takes up this question by examining new conservative parties formed in Latin America between 1978 and 2010. The most successful cases, he finds, shared a surprising characteristic: they had deep roots in former dictatorships. Through a comparative analysis of failed and successful cases in Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala, Loxton argues that this was not a coincidence. The successes inherited a range of resources from outgoing authoritarian regimes that, paradoxically, gave them an advantage in democratic competition. He also highlights the role of intense counterrevolutionary struggle as a source of party cohesion. In addition to making an empirical contribution to the study of the Latin American right and a theoretical contribution to the study of party-building, Loxton advances our understanding of the worldwide phenomenon of “authoritarian successor parties”—parties that emerge from authoritarian regimes, but that operate after a transition to democracy. A major work, Conservative Party-Building in Latin America will reshape our understanding of politics in contemporary Latin America and the realities of democratic transitions everywhere.
The Jihadis and the Family
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the ways in which the circumstances and dynamics of a family can affect the decisions and behavior of its members, including decisions leading to jihadism. Regarding Europeans jihadis, in many cases the analysis of their family background sheds light on their radicalization. Some configurations, such as the single-parent family or stepfamily, play a role in young people’s radicalization, particularly broken families, especially among Muslims living in ghettoized neighborhoods. Some people used family as the setting for their violent action: brothers, sisters, cousins, and, more exceptionally, fathers or mothers. For others, coming from broken families, jihadi violence was a continuation of family violence. In some cases, members of crisis-stricken families (brothers, cousins) were reconciled through their joint participation in jihadi action. Three types of families in crisis can be mentioned: the headless patriarchal family, the neo-traditional family, and the stepfamily. All of them are marked by the crisis of authority in the home, which can lead to feelings of guilt (self-blame) or injustice. These feelings, in some cases, can contribute to a person’s involvement in jihadism. One can also distinguish jihadi “fratriarchy” (brotherhood), and “jihadophile” families.
Enraged, Rattled, and Wronged
Authors: Anderson Kristin J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the backlash to social progress by the entitled. Dominant group members are not accustomed to being bossed around. They tend to be ill-equipped to adapt to changing circumstances, and their resistance to change comes in many forms, with a range of consequences to themselves and others. Dominant group members are both highly sensitive to criticism and object to being sidelined. The history of divide and rule by elites toward poor and working people begins Chapter 6. This history helps us understand why a less-educated working- or middle-class White person comes to share a sense of the same group position to that of wealthy and influential Whites rather than working- or middle-class people of color. Some White people have so internalized their superiority over people of color, that even Whites who are in economic distress support legislation and politicians that have no intention of aiding them. They reject government assistance that they desperately need, they refuse to sign up for the Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) because they believe that these initiatives help undeserving minorities. These White people are dying of Whiteness. And politicians capitalize on this White racial resentment. The entitled resentment of those who feel their superior status is undermined manifests in various ways. White fragility and fragile masculinity are emotionally hyperbolic reactions by dominant group members when they are asked to acknowledge the existence of racism and sexism.