bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fructose intolerance is not associated with malabsorption in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Clive , Lee Sze Han , Olesen Søren Schou , Low Jing Yi , Kioh Dorinda Yan Qin , Ferraris Ronaldo , Materna Andrea , Chan Eric Chun Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSymptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and are generally attributed to intestinal malabsorption. The relationships between absorption, symptoms, and intestinal gas production following fructose ingestion were studied in patients with FGID.MethodsThirty FGID patients ingested a single dose of fructose 35 g or water in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. Blood and breath gas samples were collected, and gastrointestinal symptoms rated. Plasma fructose metabolites and short‐chain fatty acids were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were classified as fructose intolerant or tolerant based on symptoms following fructose ingestion.Key ResultsThe median (IQR) areas under the curve of fructose plasma concentrations within the first 2 h (AUC0–2 h) after fructose ingestion were similar for patients with and without fructose intolerance (578 (70) µM·h vs. 564 (240) µM·h, respectively, p = 0.39), as well as for the main fructose metabolites. There were no statistically significant correlations between the AUC0–2 h of fructose or its metabolites concentrations and the AUCs of symptoms, breath hydrogen, and breath methane. However, the AUCs of symptoms correlated significantly and positively with the AUC0–2 h of hydrogen and methane breath concentrations (r = 0.73, r = 0.62, respectively), and the AUCs of hydrogen and methane concentrations were greater in the fructose‐intolerant than in the fructose‐tolerant patients after fructose ingestion (p ≤ 0.02).Conclusions & InferencesFructose intolerance in FGID is not related to post‐ingestion plasma concentrations of fructose and its metabolites. Factors other than malabsorption, such as altered gut microbiota or sensory function, may be important mechanisms.
Factors affecting nurses' intention to accept the COVID‐19 vaccine: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rabi Razan , Maraqa Beesan , Nazzal Zaher , Zink Therese 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo measure COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance and related factors to undercover nurses' concerns and fears.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SampleThe study included 639 nurses; 83% were women and 80% under 50 years.MeasurementA self‐administered questionnaire was used. It included demographic characteristics, COVID‐19‐related fears and concerns, COVID‐19 vaccine perceived benefits, and intention toward getting the vaccine.ResultsForty percent of the nurses planned to get the vaccine when available, 41% would take it later when adequate protection and safety were presented, and 18% would never take it. Significant factors associated with vaccination intention were as follows: age (adjusted OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02–1.99); lack of knowledge about the vaccine (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.81–3.8); concern about long‐term side effects (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9); fear of injection (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.04–2.13); natural immunity preference (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 4.5–8.3); media misrepresentation (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4); and getting COVID‐19 from the vaccine (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1).ConclusionCOVID‐19 vaccine safety and side‐effects concerns impact nurses' intentions to accept the vaccine and may result in low acceptance rates. Urgent action is needed to address these fears and raise confidence, as nurses' vaccine‐related decisions can affect the public's vaccine acceptance.
Prevalence of strongyloidiasis among cardiothoracic organ transplant candidates in a non‐endemic region: A single‐center experience with universal screening
Authors: Kottkamp Angelica C. , Filardo Thomas D. , Holzman Robert S. , Aguero‐Rosenfeld Maria , Neumann Henry J. , Mehta Sapna A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDisseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome can cause significant morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Screening and treatment prior to transplantation can reduce or prevent this disease. Targeted screening of transplant candidates based on assessed risk, fails to identify all who would benefit. We implemented universal serology‐based screening for Strongyloides at our transplant center, located in a non‐endemic area. Of 200 transplant candidates who were evaluated for cardiothoracic transplant from January 2018 to June 2019, 169 were screened serologically and 21 (12.4%) were seropositive. Among seropositive patients, 57% reported travel to an endemic region, 38% were born outside the USA, 38% had eosinophilia, and 5% had history of gram‐negative bacteremia. We estimate that universal screening for strongyloidiasis could identify an average of 17 additional candidates for preventive treatment for every 200 transplant candidates.
Impact of Inelastic Seismic Design Using Elastic–Plastic Pipe Supports on Vibration Response of Piping Systems
Authors: Maekawa Akira , Takahashi Tsuneo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study presents the response mitigation effect of piping systems by inelastic seismic design based on elastic–plastic property of steel pipe supports. The inelastic seismic design to control vibration by absorbing energy using elastic–plastic properties of materials can be one of useful ideas. The design idea to use the elastic–plastic behavior of pipe supports is addressed in Technical Code for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants (JEAC4601) published by the Japan Electric Association in Japan. Here, the component named an elastic–plastic pipe support is proposed as an energy-absorbing element. However, in order to put the inelastic seismic design using the elastic–plastic pipe supports into practical use, it is necessary to accumulate more findings related to the seismic response and the application range. This study aims to investigate the applicability of the inelastic seismic design taking the elastic–plastic pipe supports in the piping systems and to increase the basic findings. In this study, the seismic response analysis using three-dimensional piping system with an elastic–plastic pipe support was conducted. As a result, it was found that the elastic–plastic pipe support affected the seismic response largely. Additionally, the vibration characteristics, the response acceleration, and the load generated in the piping system were discussed relating to the plastic deformation and the plasticity rate of the elastic–plastic pipe support.
Burst Pressure of Glass Fiber Tape Reinforced Polyethylene Pipes With Interlayer Delamination Defect
Authors: Shi Jianfeng , Ge Zhoutian , Ni Zhenlei , Zheng Jinyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Glass fiber tape reinforced polyethylene (GFTRP) pipes are widely used for the transportation of oil and high-pressure gas due to their good load-bearing capacity and environmental compatibility. Delamination defect is one of the most common defects of GFTRP pipes during manufacturing and service (Jones et al., “Delamination Growth in Polymer-Matrix Fibre Composites and the Use of Fracture Mechanics Data for Material Characterisation and Life Prediction,” Compos. Struct., 2017. 180, 316–333). This paper investigates the load-bearing capacity of GFTRP pipe with interlayer delamination defect in between glass fiber tapes, via a combined experimental and numerical method. In burst experiments, GFTRP pipes with layup of [±55 deg]12 were prepared with artificial delamination defects set in between sixth and seventh plies. In numerical model, progressive damage model and cohesive element method were used to analyze the failure of GFTRP pipe with interlayer delamination defect. Results showed that interlayer delamination defect would reduce the burst pressure of GFTRP pipes. Different defect widths and their axial locations had different reduction effects on burst pressure, and the predicted results from numerical model showed good consistency with experimental results. Ultimately, the influence of defect width and location on the burst pressure of GFTRP pipe was discussed in detail.
Towards ‘automated gonioscopy’: a deep learning algorithm for 360° angle assessment by swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Porporato Natalia , Tun Tin A , Baskaran Mani , Wong Damon W K , Husain Rahat , Fu Huazhu , Sultana Rehena , Perera Shamira , Schmetterer Leopold , Aung Tin 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm (DLA) for 360° angle assessment on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan).MethodsThis was a reliability analysis from a cross-sectional study. An independent test set of 39 936 SS-OCT scans from 312 phakic subjects (128 SS-OCT meridional scans per eye) was analysed. Participants above 50 years with no previous history of intraocular surgery were consecutively recruited from glaucoma clinics. Indentation gonioscopy and dark room SS-OCT were performed. Gonioscopic angle closure was defined as non-visibility of the posterior trabecular meshwork in ≥180° of the angle. For each subject, all images were analysed by a DL-based network based on the VGG-16 architecture, for gonioscopic angle-closure detection. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and other diagnostic performance indicators were calculated for the DLA (index test) against gonioscopy (reference standard).ResultsApproximately 80% of the participants were Chinese, and more than half were women (57.4%). The prevalence of gonioscopic angle closure in this hospital-based sample was 20.2%. After analysing a total of 39 936 SS-OCT scans, the AUC of the DLA was 0.85 (95% CI:0.80 to 0.90, with sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87%) to classify gonioscopic angle closure with the optimal cut-off value of >35% of circumferential angle closure.ConclusionsThe DLA exhibited good diagnostic performance for detection of gonioscopic angle closure on 360° SS-OCT scans in a glaucoma clinic setting. Such an algorithm, independent of the identification of the scleral spur, may be the foundation for a non-contact, fast and reproducible ‘automated gonioscopy’ in future.
Screening and management of atrial fibrillation in primary care
Authors: Ponamgi Shiva P , Siontis Konstantinos C , Rushlow David R , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Montori Victor , Noseworthy Peter A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is a common chronic disease seen in primary care offices, emergency departments, inpatient hospital services, and many subspecialty practices. Atrial fibrillation care is complicated and multifaceted, and, at various points, clinicians may see it as a consequence and cause of multi-morbidity, as a silent driver of stroke risk, as a bellwether of an acute medical illness, or as a primary rhythm disturbance that requires targeted treatment. Primary care physicians in particular must navigate these priorities, perspectives, and resources to meet the needs of individual patients. This includes judicious use of diagnostic testing, thoughtful use of novel therapeutic agents and procedures, and providing access to subspecialty expertise. This review explores the epidemiology, screening, and risk assessment of atrial fibrillation, as well as management of its symptoms (rate and various rhythm control options) and stroke risk (anticoagulation and other treatments), and offers a model for the integration of the components of atrial fibrillation care.
UK Chiari 1 Study: protocol for a prospective, observational, multicentre study
Authors: Piper Rory J , Afshari Fardad T , Soon Wai Cheong , Kolias Angelos G , Dyson Edward W , Watkins Laurence , Laing Rodney , Lo William B , Jayamohan Jayaratnam 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionChiari 1 malformation (CM1) is a structural abnormality of the hindbrain characterised by the descent of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The management of patients with CM1 remains contentious since there are currently no UK or international guidelines for clinicians. We therefore propose a collaborative, prospective, multicentre study on the investigation, management and outcome of CM1 in the UK: theUK Chiari 1 Study(UKC1S). Our primary objective is to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with a new diagnosis of CM1 managed either conservatively or surgically at 12 months of follow-up. We also aim to: (A) determine HRQoL 12 months following surgery; (B) measure complications 12 months following surgery; (C) determine the natural history of patients with CM1 treated conservatively without surgery; (D) determine the radiological correlates of presenting symptoms, signs and outcomes; and (E) determine the scope and variation within UK practice in referral patterns, patient pathways, investigations and surgical decisions.Methods and analysisThe UKC1S will be a prospective, multicentre and observational study that will follow the British Neurosurgical Trainee Research Collaborative model of collaborative research. Patients will be recruited after attending their first neurosurgical outpatient clinic appointment. Follow-up data will be collected from all patients at 12 months from baseline regardless of whether they are treated surgically or not. A further 12-month postoperative follow-up timepoint will be added for patients treated with decompressive surgery. The study is expected to last three years.Ethics and disseminationThe UKC1S received a favourable ethical opinion from the East Midlands Leicester South Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 20/EM/0053; IRAS 269739) and the Health Research Authority. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals, presented at scientific conferences, shared with collaborating sites and shared with participant patients if they so wish.
Validation of breast cancer risk assessment tools on a French-Canadian population-based cohort
Authors: Jantzen Rodolphe , Payette Yves , de Malliard Thibault , Labbé Catherine , Noisel Nolwenn , Broët Philippe 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesEvaluate the accuracy of the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), International Breast Cancer Intervention Study risk evaluation tool (IBIS), Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) and combined scores (BCRAT+PRS and IBIS +PRS) to predict the occurrence of invasive breast cancers at 5 years in a French-Canadian population.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingWe used the population-based cohort CARTaGENE, composed of 43 037 Quebec residents aged between 40 and 69 years and broadly representative of the population recorded on the Quebec administrative health insurance registries.Participants10 200 women recruited in 2009–2010 were included for validating BCRAT and IBIS and 4555 with genetic information for validating the PRS and combined scores.Outcome measuresWe computed the absolute risks of breast cancer at 5 years using BCRAT, IBIS, four published PRS and combined models. We reported the overall calibration performance, goodness-of-fit test and discriminatory accuracy.Results131 (1.28%) women developed a breast cancer at 5 years for validating BCRAT and IBIS and 58 (1.27%) for validating PRS and combined scores. Median follow-up was 5 years. BCRAT and IBIS had an overall expected-to-observed ratio of 1.01 (0.85–1.19) and 1.02 (0.86–1.21) but with significant differences when partitioning by risk groups (p<0.05). IBIS’ c-index was significantly higher than BCRAT (63.42 (59.35–67.49) vs 58.63 (54.05–63.21), p=0.013). PRS scores had a global calibration around 0.82, with a CI including one, and non-significant goodness-of-fit tests. PRS’ c-indexes were non-significantly higher than BCRAT and IBIS, the highest being 64.43 (58.23–70.63). Combined models did not improve the results.ConclusionsIn this French-Canadian population-based cohort, BCRAT and IBIS have good mean calibration that could be improved for risk subgroups, and modest discriminatory accuracy. Despite this modest discriminatory power, these tools can be of interest for primary care physicians for delivering a personalised message to their high-risk patients, regarding screening and lifestyle counselling.
Clinical and prognostic significance of elevated ferritin levels in hospitalised adults
Authors: Israel Ariel , Bornstein Gil , Gilad Lee , Shechtman Liran , Furie Nadav , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Grossman Chagai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of the studyElevated ferritin levels are associated with a variety of infectious, malignant and inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of markedly elevated ferritin levels in hospitalised patients with various medical conditions.Study designRetrospective analysis of patients with a ferritin level higher than 2000 ng/mL hospitalised in Sheba Medical Center between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015. Medical conditions of these patients were recorded. In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were evaluated according to ferritin ranges and clinical categories.ResultsThe study included 722 patients (63.4% men) with a mean age of 63.9±16.7 years. The most common clinical conditions associated with markedly elevated ferritin were infectious diseases and malignancies. The highest mean ferritin levels were associated with rheumatological/inflammatory conditions (16 241.3 ng/dL), particularly in patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) (96 615.5 ng/dL). In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 32.3%, 46.7% and 70.8%, respectively. The highest in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were observed among patients with solid malignancies (40.1%, 64.7% and 90.3%, respectively), whereas the lowest rates were found among patients with rheumatological/inflammatory conditions, including MAS (21.4%, 38.1% and 45.2%, respectively). Ferritin levels were not associated with mortality.ConclusionsIn hospitalised patients, ferritin levels higher than 2000 ng/mL are mainly associated with infectious and malignant diseases but do not predict mortality.
Evaluation of a citizen science platform for collecting fisheries data from coastal sea trout anglers
Authors: Gundelund Casper , Venturelli Paul , Hartill Bruce W. , Hyder Kieran , Olesen Hans Jakob , Skov Christian 
Published: April 2021

There are often limited data available to support the sustainable management of recreational fisheries. Electronic citizen science platforms (e.g., smartphone applications) offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional survey methods — but these data must be validated. We compared sea trout (Salmo trutta) data from a Danish citizen science platform with three independent traditional surveys: a roving creel survey, an aerial survey, and a recall survey. The comparisons include fisheries data (e.g., catch, release, effort, and fish size structure) and demographic descriptors (e.g., age) that were collected within the same spatial and temporal frame. We found general alignment between recreational sea trout catch and effort data that were provided by citizen scientists, or collected by more traditional survey methods. Our results demonstrate that citizen science data have the potential to supplement traditional surveys, or act as an alternative source of catch and effort data. However, results were from a highly specialized fishery within a limited spatial and temporal frame, so more research is needed to assess their relevance over time and to a broader set of fisheries.
Constraining theories of gravity by GINGER experiment
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Altucci Carlo , Bajardi Francesco , Basti Andrea , Beverini Nicolò , Carelli Giorgio , Ciampini Donatella , Di Virgilio Angela D. V. , Fuso Francesco , Giacomelli Umberto , Maccioni Enrico , Marsili Paolo , Ortolan Antonello , Porzio Alberto , Simonelli Andrea , Terreni Giuseppe , Velotta Raffaele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe debate on gravity theories to extend or modify general relativity is very active today because of the issues related to ultraviolet and infrared behavior of Einstein’s theory. In the first case, we have to address the quantum gravity problem. In the latter, dark matter and dark energy, governing the large-scale structure and the cosmological evolution, seem to escape from any final fundamental theory and detection. The state of the art is that, up to now, no final theory, capable of explaining gravitational interaction at any scale, has been formulated. In this perspective, many research efforts are devoted to test theories of gravity by space-based experiments. Here, we propose straightforward tests by the GINGER experiment, which, being Earth based, requires little modeling of external perturbation, allowing a thorough analysis of the systematics, crucial for experiments where sensitivity breakthrough is required. Specifically, we want to show that it is possible to constrain parameters of gravity theories, like scalar–tensor or Horava–Lifshitz gravity, by considering their post-Newtonian limits matched with experimental data. In particular, we use the Lense–Thirring measurements provided by GINGER to find out relations among the parameters of theories and finally compare the results with those provided by LARES and Gravity Probe B satellites.
The compost bomb instability in the continuum limit
Authors: Clarke Joseph , Huntingford Chris , Ritchie Paul , Cox Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ‘Compost Bomb’ instability refers to a proposed uncontrolled increase in soil temperature. This instability is caused when sufficiently rapid atmospheric warming increases soil heterotrophic respiration which, in turn, heats the soil further. This generates a runaway effect in which soil temperatures rise rapidly. We investigate this process, neglected in Earth system models, but which has thus far been analysed with a conceptual model using ordinary differential equations. That model is deliberately idealised without any representation of the spatial structure of soils. We confirm using a partial differential equation framework, this runaway effect still occurs when accounting for soil depth. Using this newer representation we investigate the forcing parameters that make soils vulnerable to this instability. In particular, we discover that the effect of dangerously large seasonal cycle variations in air temperature can create plausible conditions for a ‘compost bomb’ thermal instability.
Effect of Dexamethasone Implant on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Early Period in Vitrectomized Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Altun A. , Hacimustafaoglu A. M. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To investigate the change in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in vitrectomized eyes with intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) implant injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Method. In this prospective and controlled study, the vitrectomized eyes of diabetic patients were included. The study group (Group 1) was formed by diabetic vitrectomized eyes with DME. The control group (Group 2) was formed by diabetic vitrectomized eyes without DME. Only one intravitreal IVD implant was injected into the eyes in Group 1. In the first, second, and fourth months, choroidal layers were measured by optical coherence tomography and complete ophthalmologic examinations were performed for all cases. Results. Ninety-six eyes of 96 cases were included in the study. There were 48 eyes of 48 different patients in each group. After IVD injection, statistically significant improvement was observed in the best corrected visual acuity in Group 1. The mean SFCT in eyes with DME was statistically significantly thinner (

p

< 0.01) and thinness became more pronounced during the four-month follow-up period after IVD implant injection (

p

< 0.01). Conclusion. In the presence of DME in vitrectomized eyes, the thinness of the SFCT may become evident after dexamethasone implant injection.