bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Adaptive Super-twisting Sliding Mode Stability Control for Underactuated Rotary Inverted Pendulum with Experimental Validation
Authors: Mofid Omid , Alattas Khalid A , Mobayen Saleh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) sliding mode control method combined with super-twisting algorithm is designed for the stabilization control of rotary inverted pendulum system in the appearance of exterior perturbation. The state-space model of rotary inverted pendulum in the presence of exterior disturbance is obtained. Then, the super-twisting PID sliding mode controller is designed for finite time stability control of this underactuated control system. The upper bounds of perturbation are presumed to be unknown; accordingly, the adaptive control procedure is taken to approximate the uncertain bound of the external disturbances. The stability control of rotary inverted pendulum system is proved by means of the Lyapunov stability theory. In order to validate accuracy and efficiency of the recommended control technique, some simulation outcomes are prepared and compared with other existing method. Moreover, experimental results are implemented to show the success of the proposed method.
Mitochondrial Function Influences Expression of Methamphetamine-Induced Motor Sensitization
Authors: Calma I. Daphne , Persons Amanda L. , Napier T. Celeste 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Repeated methamphetamine use leads to neuronal maladaptations resulting in addictions. Mechanisms that underpin such adaptations have high energy requirements, implicating mitochondria involvement in addiction-related processes. We pharmacologically explored this possibility in methamphetamine self-administering rats. Motor sensitization a readout that is thought to reflect brain maladaptations akin to those occurring in methamphetamine abusing humans. This was assessed to determine (i) if a short access self-administration protocol results in the expression of motor sensitization, (iii) if and when, mitochondrial function is critical for protracted maintenance and (iii) whether drug contingency influences motor sensitization. Rats self-administered iv methamphetamine for 3 hours per day for 14 days. Those with iv cannula that failed patency were redeployed as non-contingent methamphetamine-matched animals. At three different times during forced abstinence, mitochondrial function was impaired with a low dose of the toxin, rotenone (1mg/kg/day) via a osmotic minipump. Motor sensitization was determined during an acute treatment of methamphetamine (1.25mg/kg sc) on abstinence day 62. Methamphetamine self-administration was sufficient to induce motor sensitization. Rotenone administration prevented the expression of sensitization, but the profile depended on abstinence time exposure. Drug contingency also influenced sensitization profiles. Mitochondrial function underpins neuronal plasticity associated with maintenance of motor sensitization induced by methamphetamine self-administration.
Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold With Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-sized Bone Defect
Authors: Emet Abdulsamet , Ozdemir Erdi , Cetinkaya Duygu Uckan , Kilic Emine , Yuruker Ali Celalettin Sinan , Hashemihesar Ramin , Turhan Egemen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: High-cost and the long time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects is still major clinical concern in orthopedic surgery, therefore new research continues to identify more cost and time-effective methods. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical- sized bone defects. Materlials and methods: Wistar albino rats (n­=30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. To increase healing, no scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with with PRP and omentum mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group) , 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In addition omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells and PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among groups. Results: After use of decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells maintained, new bone formation occurred. When compared to control group, radiological healing was statistically significantly better in omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups (p=0.047). Furthermore histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups than both control and omentum with mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups according to Salkeld Scoring System (p=0.001).Conclusion: The use of decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects.
Are Children Suffering From Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia Associated With Bone Quality Decreased?
Authors: Yang Ge , Xu Siyu , Tan Qian , Zhu Guanghui , Liu Yaoxi , Yu Hui , Mei Haibo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare and difficult to treat congenital disease in neonates. Our team's previous study found that exosomes derived from serum of children with CPT can reduce the effect of bone formation. In this study, we used ultrasound bone densitometry to detect the bone quality between children with CPT and those non-metabolic disease children, to determine the bone strength of children with CPT. Methods: A total of 37 CPT children and 40 children without the bone metabolic disease (control group) were recruited in our hospital. The ultrasonic bone densitometer was used to examine the bilateral calcaneus of the subjects. According to the measurement results, we collected the broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA), sound transmission velocity (SOS), quantitative ultrasound index (QUI), bone strength index(STI) and bone mineral density estimation(BMDe) values. For the intergroup analysis, t test was used to determine the differences of various quantitative measurements. Multivariable regression was used to examine the associations between quantitive ultrasound measurements differences and age, body mass index (BMI), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and CPT Crawford type. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate intra- and inter-rater agreements. Results: Seventy-four calcaneus scans from CPT patients (23 boys and 14 girls) and 80 calcaneus scans (24 boys and 16 girls) from the control. The CPT patients exhibited significantly lower SOS (1368.75±136.78 m/s), STI (7.2319±38.6525), QUI (8.2532±56.1720) and BMDe (-0.0241±0.3552 g/cm3) than the control (SOS: 1416.02±66.15 m/s, STI: 7.96±16.884, QUI: 28.8299±25.461, BMDe: 0.0180±0.1610 g/cm3). Multiple linear regression revealed that SOS, STI, QUI was statistically significant and negatively correlated with CPT Crawford classification.Conclusions: We found the incidence of decreased bone quality in CPT group was higher than that in the non-bone metabolic disease group. This phenomenon was not related to NF1 while related to CPT Crawford classification, which suggested that the higher grade of the CPT Crawford classification, the lower the bone strength and the higher the risk of fracture.
Transcriptional Responses of Daphnis nerii Larval Midgut to Oral Infection by 2 Daphnis nerii cypovirus-23
Authors: Kuang Wendong , Yan Chenghua , Zhan Zhigao , Guan Limei , Wang Jinchang , Chen Junhui , Li Jianghuai , Ma Guangqiang , Zhou Xi , Jin Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Daphnis nerii cypovirus-23 (DnCPV-23) is a new type of cypovirus and has lethal effect on the oleander hawk moth, Daphnis nerii , which feeds on leave of Oleander and Catharanthus et al. After DnCPV-23 infection, the change of Daphnis nerii responses has not been reported.Methods: In order to better understand the pathogenic mechanism of DnCPV-23 infection, 3rdinstar Daphnis nerii larvae were orally infected with DnCPV-23 occlusion bodies and the transcriptional responses of the Daphnis nerii midgut were analyzed 72 h post-infection using RNA-seq.Results: The results showed that 1,979 differentially expressed Daphnis nerii transcripts in the infected midgut had been identified. KEGG analysis showed that protein digestion and absorption, Toll and Imd signaling pathway were down-regulated. Based on the result, it was possible the function of food digestion and absorption in insect midgut was impaired after virus infection. In addition, the down-regulation of the immune response may be conducive to viral immune escape. Glycerophospholipid metabolism and xenobiotics metabolism were up-regulated. These two types of pathways may affect the viral replication and xenobiotic detoxification of insect, respectively. Conclusion: These results may facilitate a better understanding of the changes in Daphnis nerii metabolism during cypovirus infection and serve as a basis for future research on the molecular mechanism of DnCPV-23 invasion.
The Giant Parathyroid Adenoma: The largest ever reported
Authors: Mahmodlou Rahim , Sedokani Amin , Pezeshk Apameh , Najafinejad Bita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGiant parathyroid adenoma is defined as weight >3.5gr and size of more than 2cm.Case PresentationThis report describes the largest primary parathyroid adenoma according to the literature. The case is a 48-year-old man referred to the clinic with knee and lower back pain. He had a history of mitral valve replacement and several episodes of bilateral nephrolithiasis. After a thorough assessment, a neck mass with a possible thyroid origin was detected but further assessment showed it was of parathyroid origin. The resected mass was 9×6×4cm and weighed 122gr, and histopathology showed a giant parathyroid adenoma.ConclusionGiant parathyroid adenomas which weigh more than 110gr and are larger than 8cm can lead to significant hypercalcemia. Despite the size of the giant parathyroid adenomas and high parathyroid hormone levels, a calcium crisis may not always occur in these patients and the masses may be initially misdiagnosed as a thyroid mass.
Guillain Barré Syndrome as Primary Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE-GBS) in a Teenage Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Beshir Elham , Belt Ernestina , Chencheri Nidheesh , Ismail Aqdas , Pallavidino Marco , Teherggen Ulrich , Abdalla Abdalla , Herlitz Leal , Sharif Elsadeg , Bitzan Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement, including Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS), accounts for fewer than 10% of SLE cases with neuropsychiatric manifestations. GBS as the presenting, major manifestation of pediatric SLE is extremely rare, and the best treatment approach is unknown. Case presentation: A 14-year-old, previously healthy female Emirati teenager presented with a classic picture of GBS with ascending, progressive bilateral muscle weakness leading to respiratory insufficiency within five weeks of symptom onset, associated with typical protein-cell dissociation in cerebro-spinal fluid and nerve root enhancement demonstrated by spinal MRI. Subsequently, elevated anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith/RNP and anti-SS-A and -B antibody concentrations were detected in serum, suggestive of SLE. GBS treatment was initiated with IVIG and methylprednisolone pulses, with minimal improvement. The patient required endotracheal intubation and ventilation, followed by a second course of IVIG, rituximab, and eventually plasma exchange (PLEX) therapy. The diagnosis of lupus-associated GBS was corroborated by a kidney biopsy demonstrating lupus nephritis WHO class II with “full house” immunofluorescence pattern. After 14 PLEX sessions, her muscle strength and respiratory efforts had improved substantially. Treatment was completed with two more rituximab infusions, followed by mycophenolate mofetil, in addition to HCQ and tapering doses of oral prednisolone. Five weeks after the last PLEX treatment, she had regained her usual strength and achieved full, sustained recovery from GBS. While she continued to demonstrate moderate anti-dsDNA antibodies and high-level anti-Smith and Sjogren antibodies, C3, C4 and urine readings quickly normalized with no other manifestations of lupus or lupus nephritis 11 months after the initial assessment. At this time she was maintained with hydroxychloroquine, with ongoing depletion of circulating B cells. To our knowledge, this is only the third pediatric patient reported with SLE-GBS.Conclusions: We report severe GBS as the first, dominant manifestation of pediatric SLE. Our case and a review of the literature reveal that cconventional GBS therapy may not be adequate to treat this rare lupus presentation. SLE should be included in the differential diagnosis of GBS. Importantly, treatment experiences and outcomes of such cases need be reported to inform future treatment recommendations.
A Case of Onset and Treatment on Purtscher’s Retinopathy in a Single Eye
Authors: Yuan Ting , Lian Haitong , Gao Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Purtscher’s retinopathy is an occlusive microvasculopathy caused by traumatic injuries, especially like head and chest injuries. The exact mechanism of injury remains unclear, and Most case reports about Purtscher’s retinopathy focused on the symptoms of fundus, and did not provide detailed medical treatments. Case presentation: In this case, the patient suffered suddenly vision loss in the right eye one day after a traffic accident with moderate head and chest injuries. Ocular examinations revealed typical characteristics of cotton wool spots, and minimal intraretinal hemorrhages around the optic disc. 5 different drugs were used in this patient. 15 days after the treatment (corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine), the vision of the patient was improved and the symptoms (cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, retinal edema and visual field) were alleviated obviously. Conclusions: Corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicines used in our case did improve the vision of the patient, and alleviated the symptoms of fundus.
Development of A Novel Expression System In Lactic Acid Bacteria Controlled By A Broad-Host-Range Promoter PsrfA
Authors: Guan Chengran , Yuan Yuan , Ma Yan , Wang Xin , Zhang Chenchen , Lu Maolin , Gu Ruixia , Chen Dawei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Latic acid bacteria (LAB) are exploited for development of gene expression system owing to its health promoting properties and a high degree of safety status. Most of the expression systems were constructed in Lactobacillus lactis with inducible promoters. It is necessary to exploit novel promoters to develop LAB host platforms which are indispensable in dairy and health application to satisfy the production demand of increased number of target-genes. Previously, promoter PsrfA had been displayed broad host range and used to construct auto-inducible expression system in B. subtilis and E. coli. In this work, the feasibility of PsrfA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was estimated.Results: Plasmid with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserting downstream of PsrfA was transformed into L. casei 5257, L. plantarum 97, L. fermentum 087 and Weissella confusa 10, respectively. The recombinant strains grew well and displayed different fluorescence which could be detected by spectrophotometer and laser scanning confocal microscope. Moreover, the promoter activity was strain- specifically influenced by particular carbon and nitrogen sources. Heterologous laccase CotA could be expressed by PsrfA in L. casei 5257-05 and L. plantarum 97-06. By adjusting the pH value from 4.5 to 6.5 during incubation, the CotA activity of L. plantarum 97-05 and L. casei 5257-05 was increased by 137.7 % and 61.5 %, respectively. Finally, the fermentation pH was variably up-regulated along with the production of NADH oxidase controlled by the PsrfA and its derivative mutated with core regions. Conclusions: These data suggested that PsrfA was valid for gene expression in different species of LAB. Moreover, PsrfA could be used as an attractive candidate for fine-tuning gene expression in a broad range of procaryotic expression plants.
Modification of cellulose nanocrystals with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate in the presence of epoxy resin to enhance its adhesive property
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Zheng Jieyuan , Mehmood Sahid , Ali Amjad , Haq Fazal , Jamil M I , Ullah Roh , Khan Farman Ullah , Kiran Mehwish , Iqbal Mudassir , Ullah Asmat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We synthesized the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by using cotton as a raw material, then it was modified with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate to improve its adhesion and thermal properties. CNCs was chosen as a modifier to improve the interfacial adhesion between the reinforced nanocrystals and E-51 epoxy resin system. This gives a better modulus of elasticity, a lower coefficient of energy, and thermal expansion. Significant improvements in modulus properties, strength, transparency and thermal stability were observed with modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNCs) compared with the standard sample. SEM, and transmission electron microscope (TEM), powder diffraction (XRD), (TGA and DTG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the isolation of synthetic (native and modified) cellulose nanocrystals. In addition, the MCNCs adhesion properties with E-51 (Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) epoxy resins were also investigated using the Zwick/Roell Z020 model.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Produced Long-Term Synaptic Enhancement in The Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Adult Mice
Authors: Miao Hui-Hui , Miao Zhuang , Pan Ji-Gang , Li Xu-Hui , Zhuo Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of diffusible messengers for enhancing synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Less information is available for possible roles of BDNF in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In the present study, we used 64-electrode array field recording system to investigate the effect of BDNF on ACC excitatory transmission. We found that BDNF enhanced synaptic responses in a dose-dependently manner in the ACC. The enhancement was long-lasting, and persisted for at least three hours. In addition to the enhancement, BDNF also recruited inactive synaptic responses in the ACC. Bath application of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor antagonist K252a blocked BDNF-induced enhancement. L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), but not NMDA receptors were required for BDNF-produced enhancement. Moreover, calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) but not AC8 was essential for the enhancement. A selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 completely blocked the enhancement. Furthermore, BDNF-produced enhancement occluded theta burst stimulation (TBS) induced long-term potentiation (LTP), suggesting that they may share similar signaling mechanisms. Finally, the expression of BDNF-induced enhancement depends on postsynaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ). Our results demonstrate that cortical BDNF may contribute to synaptic potentiation in the ACC.
Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison with computed tomography. An observation prospective clinical trial
Authors: Lakhin Roman E. , Zhirnova E. A. , Shchegolev A. V. , Jovanikić O. , Zheleznyak I. S. , Menkov I. A. , Salukhov V. V. , Chugunov A. A. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Pneumonia is the most severe form of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The large area of damage and the high mortality rate in COVID-19 pose the challenge of rapid bedside diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of the volume and nature of lung tissue damage.
Objectives. The goal of the study was to compare the data obtained with computed tomography and ultrasound of the lungs, as well as the accuracy of ultrasound segment-by-segment verification of damage zones in patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Material and methods. The observational prospective clinical study included 388 patients aged 18–75 years; with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19. Lung ultrasound was performed within 24 hours after computed tomography (CT) of the chest. During the CT scan, pathological signs, infiltration, and consolidation of the lungs were determined, which were recorded by lung segments. Ultrasound of the lungs was performed according to the “Russian Protocol”, ultrasound signs in the lines and consolidation were also recorded based on the projection of the lung segments on the chest wall. An analysis was performed to describe and generalize the distributions of variables. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound methods were evaluated with ROC analysis against CT as a “gold standard”.
Results. Bilateral involvement was found in 100 % of cases. Typical signs of pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection on CT were a “ground glass” pattern, thickened pleura, consolidation, reticular pattern, and a “crazy paving” pattern. During ultrasound examination of the lungs and pleura, the detected signs corresponded to the signs of CT. B-lines (multifocal, discrete, or confluent) and consolidation of various volumes of lung tissue were most frequently encountered during ultrasound. The sensitivity of ultrasound of the lungs in the accuracy of the segment-by-segment diagnosis of damage by the sign of infiltration is 87.9 %, and the specificity is 91.5 % (the area under the ROC curve is 0.939; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the ultrasonic sign of consolidation was 84.6 %, and the specificity was 79.2 % (the area under the ROC curve is 0.846; p < 0.001).
Conclusions. The use of ultrasound of the lungs during the COVID-19 allows us to identify and assess the volume and nature of lung damage. Thus, lung ultrasonography has demonstrated accuracy comparable to chest CT in detecting lung damage in patients with COVID-19.
Local climate change projections and impact on the surface hydrology in the Vea catchment, West Africa
Authors: Larbi Isaac , Hountondji Fabien C. C. , Dotse Sam-Quarcoo , Mama Daouda , Nyamekye Clement , Adeyeri Oluwafemi E. , Djan'na Koubodana H. , Odoom Peter Rock Ebo , Asare Yaw Mensah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Water security has been a major challenge in the semi-arid area of West Africa including Northern Ghana, where climate change is projected to increase if appropriate measures are not taken. This study assessed rainfall and temperature projections and its impact on the water resources in the Vea catchment using an ensemble mean of four bias-corrected Regional Climate Models and Statistical Downscaling Model-Decision Centric (SDSM-DC) simulations. The ensemble mean of the bias-corrected climate simulations was used as input to an already calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, to assess the impact of climate change on actual evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff and water yield, relative to the baseline (1990–2017) period. The results showed that the mean annual temperature and actual ET would increase by 1.3 °C and 8.3%, respectively, for the period 2020–2049 under the medium CO2 emission (RCP4.5) scenario, indicating a trend towards a drier climate. The surface runoff and water yield are projected to decrease by 42.7 and 38.7%, respectively. The projected decrease in water yield requires better planning and management of the water resources in the catchment.