bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Detecting Interstellar Panspermia in Astrophysical Environments
Authors: Grimaldi Claudio , Lingam Manasvi , Balbi Amedeo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The proposition that life can spread from one planetary system to another (interstellar panspermia) has a long history, but this hypothesis is difficult to test through observations. We develop a mathematical model that takes parameters such as the microbial survival lifetime, the stellar velocity dispersion, and the dispersion of ejecta into account in order to assess the prospects for detecting interstellar panspermia. We show that the correlations between pairs of life-bearing planetary systems (embodied in the pair-distribution function from statistics) may serve as an effective diagnostic of interstellar panspermia, provided that the velocity dispersion of ejecta is greater than the stellar dispersion. We provide heuristic estimates of the model parameters for various astrophysical environments and conclude that open clusters and globular clusters appear to represent the best targets for assessing the viability of interstellar panspermia.
Metastable Helium Absorptions with 3D Hydrodynamics and Self-consistent Photochemistry. I. WASP-69b, Dimensionality, X-Ray and UV Flux Level, Spectral Types, and Flares
Authors: Wang Lile , Dai Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The metastable helium (He*) lines near 10830 Å are ideal probes of atmospheric erosion—a common phenomenon of close-in exoplanet evolution. A handful of exoplanet observations yielded well-resolved He* absorption features in transits, yet they were mostly analyzed with 1D isothermal models prescribing mass-loss rates. This work devises 3D hydrodynamics coevolved with ray-tracing radiative transfer and nonequilibrium thermochemistry. Starting from the observed stellar/planetary properties with reasonable assumptions about the host’s high-energy irradiation, we predict from first principles the mass-loss rate, the temperature and ionization profiles, and 3D outflow kinematics. Our simulations well reproduce the observed He* line profiles and light curves of WASP-69b. We further investigate the dependence of He* observables on simulation conditions and host radiation. The key findings are as follows: (1) Simulations reveal a photoevaporative outflow (∼0.55 M
⊕ Gyr−1 ≃ 1011 g s−1) for WASP-69b without a prominent comet-like tail, consistent with the symmetric transit shape. (2) 3D simulations are mandatory for hydrodynamic features, including Coriolis force, advection, and kinematic line broadening. (3) EUV (>13.6 eV) photons dominate photoevaporative outflows and populate He* via recombination; FUV is also detrimental by destroying He*; X-ray plays a secondary role. (4) K stars hit the sweet spot of EUV/far-UV balance for He* line observation, while G and M stars are also worthy targets. (5) Stellar flares create characteristic responses in the He* line profiles.
A Deep Learning Method for AGILE-GRID Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
Authors: Parmiggiani N. , Bulgarelli A. , Fioretti V. , Di Piano A. , Giuliani A. , Longo F. , Verrecchia F. , Tavani M. , Beneventano D. , Macaluso A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The follow-up of external science alerts received from gamma-ray burst (GRB) and gravitational wave detectors is one of the AGILE Team’s current major activities. The AGILE team developed an automated real-time analysis pipeline to analyze AGILE Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) data to detect possible counterparts in the energy range 0.1–10 GeV. This work presents a new approach for detecting GRBs using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the AGILE-GRID intensity maps by improving the GRB detection capability over the Li & Ma method, currently used by the AGILE team. The CNN is trained with large simulated data sets of intensity maps. The AGILE complex observing pattern due to the so-called “spinning mode” is studied to prepare data sets to test and evaluate the CNN. A GRB emission model is defined from the second Fermi-LAT GRB catalog and convoluted with the AGILE observing pattern. Different p-value distributions are calculated, evaluating, using the CNN, millions of background-only maps simulated by varying the background level. The CNN is then used on real data to analyze the AGILE-GRID data archive, searching for GRB detections using the trigger time and position taken from the Swift-BAT, Fermi-GBM, and Fermi-LAT GRB catalogs. From these catalogs, the CNN detects 21 GRBs with a significance of ≥3σ, while the Li & Ma method detects only two GRBs. The results shown in this work demonstrate that the CNN is more effective in detecting GRBs than the Li & Ma method in this context and can be implemented into the AGILE-GRID real-time analysis pipeline.
Electron-scale Magnetic Peaks Upstream of the Terrestrial Bow Shock Observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Wang G. Q. , Volwerk M. , Xiao S. D. , Wu M. Y. , Chen Y. Q. , Zhang T. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The solar wind has rich wave activity and various magnetic structures. Here we report on a new type of magnetic structure in the solar wind using the unprecedented high temporal resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission. We find that a train of magnetic peaks with a size less than 1 ion inertial length exists upstream of the terrestrial bow shock. The electron number density and the perpendicular electron temperature have a slight decrease inside the magnetic peaks, leading to a decrease of the electron thermal pressure in the structure. These structures are pressure-balanced, and they are approximately stationary in the ambient electron flow. These electron-scale magnetic peaks are identified as magnetic bottle–like, and their cross sections are roughly circular. The electron velocity has a bipolar feature relative to the ambient flow in the cross section, indicating the existence of an electron vortex. The current density is mainly contributed by electrons. The peaks occur in a marginally mirror-stable environment; thus they are not locally generated by mirror instabilities. We suggest that the origin of the electron vortex might help to shed light on the formation of electron-scale magnetic peaks in the solar wind.
Spectral Observations of Superthin Galaxies
Authors: Bizyaev Dmitry , Makarov D. I. , Reshetnikov V. P. , Mosenkov A. V. , Kautsch S. J. , Antipova A. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We conduct spectral observations of 138 superthin galaxies (STGs) with high radial-to-vertical stellar disk scale ratios with the Dual Imaging Spectrograph on the 3.5 m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory (APO) to obtain the ionized gas rotation curves with R ∼5000 resolution. We also performed near-infrared (NIR) H and Ks photometry for 18 galaxies with the NICFPS camera on the 3.5 m telescope. The spectra, the NIR photometry, and published optical and NIR photometry are used for modeling that utilizes the thickness of the stellar disk and rotation curves simultaneously. The projection and dust extinction effects are taken into account. We evaluate eight models that differ in their free parameters and constraints. As a result, we estimated the masses and scale lengths of the galactic dark halos. We find systematic differences between the properties of our red and blue STGs. The blue STGs have a large fraction of dynamically underevolved galaxies whose vertical velocity dispersion is low in both gas and stellar disks. The dark halo-to-disk scale ratio is shorter in the red STGs than in the blue ones, but in a majority of all STGs, this ratio is under 2. The optical color (r − i) of the STGs correlates with their rotation curve maximum, vertical velocity dispersion in stellar disks, and mass of the dark halo. We conclude that there is a threshold central surface density of 50 M
⊙ pc−2 below which we do not observe very thin, rotationally supported galactic disks.
Stellar Evolution in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei Produces Rapidly Rotating Massive Stars
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Dittmann Alexander J. , Cantiello Matteo , Perna Rosalba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stars can either be formed in or captured by the accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). These AGN stars are irradiated and subject to extreme levels of accretion, which can turn even low-mass stars into very massive ones (M > 100M
⊙) whose evolution may result in the formation of massive compact objects (M > 10M
⊙). Here we explore the spins of these AGN stars and the remnants they leave behind. We find that AGN stars rapidly spin up via accretion, eventually reaching near-critical rotation rates. They further maintain near-critical rotation even as they shed their envelopes, become compact, and undergo late stages of burning. This makes them good candidates to produce high-spin massive black holes, such as the ones seen by LIGO-Virgo in GW 190521g, as well as long gamma-ray bursts and the associated chemical pollution of the AGN disk.
Probing the Sea of Cosmic Rays by Measuring Gamma-Ray Emission from Passive Giant Molecular Clouds with HAWC
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Angeles Camacho J. R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Avila Rojas D. , Ayala Solares H. A. , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , Coutiño de León S. , De la Fuente E. , Diaz Hernandez R. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fernández Alonso M. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , Garcia D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Lee J. , León Vargas H. , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Lundeen J. , Malone K. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Omodei N. , Peisker A. , Pérez Araujo Y. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salesa Greus F. , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Tanner M. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Turner R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Weisgarber T. , Willox E. , Zhou H. , de León C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of high-energy gamma rays from passive giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in our Galaxy is an indirect way to characterize and probe the paradigm of the “sea” of cosmic rays in distant parts of the Galaxy. By using data from the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) Observatory, we measure the gamma-ray flux above 1 TeV of a set of these clouds to test the paradigm. We selected high galactic latitude clouds that are in HAWC’s field of view and that are within 1 kpc distance from the Sun. We find no significant excess emission in the cloud regions, nor when we perform a stacked log-likelihood analysis of GMCs. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculate 95% credible interval upper limits of the gamma-ray flux and estimate limits on the cosmic-ray energy density of these regions. These are the first limits to constrain gamma-ray emission in the multi-TeV energy range (>1 TeV) using passive high galactic latitude GMCs. Assuming that the main gamma-ray production mechanism is due to proton–proton interaction, the upper limits are consistent with a cosmic-ray flux and energy density similar to that measured at Earth.
The Fast Jitter in the O − C Curves of Cataclysmic Variables Is Caused by Ordinary Flickering in the Light Curve that Randomly Shifts Each Eclipse Time
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For Cataclysmic Variables (CVs), the record of many eclipse times (as presented in the traditional O − C curves) often displays a small-amplitude fast jitter on timescales of under a few years, with these often being interpreted as physical effects such as from third bodies in the system (including planets), or from azimuthal movements of the Hot Spot around the edge of the accretion disk. Recently, with the new and excellent light curves from spacecraft missions TESS and Kepler, we can measure large numbers of eclipse times down to orbit-by-orbit timescales. For four representative CVs (DQ Her, U Sco, RW Tri, and UX UMa), I find that the O − C jitter is constant from one-orbit-to-the-next out to eclipses separated by many years. This demonstrates that the jitter is not caused by physical effects on the orbit, nor by moving Hot Spots. This result was predicted for the expected jitter in eclipse times arising from the ubiquitous flickering in all CV light curves, where random flickers before/after eclipse minima will shift the measured eclipse times later/earlier than the true time of conjunction.
Des Mass Data aux Big Data, changements ou « déjà-vu » pour le contrôle de gestion
Authors: Ciampi Claire 
Published: June 2021

Il est communément admis que « la nature, la portée du pilotage, du contrôle est inséparable de son contexte technologique » (Dechow et Mouritsen, 2005). Or la période actuelle se caractérise par une effervescence manifeste autour des technologies du Big Data. La recherche commence à s’interroger sur l’évolution du contrôle dans ce nouveau contexte avec cependant peu de travaux empiriques malgré des exceptions (Cavelius et al., 2020 ; Al-Htaybat et von Alberti-Al-Htaybat, 2017). Le terme Big Data renvoie à une variété d’applications susceptibles d’avoir des conséquences différentes pour le contrôle. La présente étude recense les projets prioritaires des organisations en matière de pilotage et de contrôle. Elle les caractérise ensuite selon le niveau du système de contrôle concerné (Bouquin, 2008) et les objectifs poursuivis. Les logiques antérieures dominantes de contrôle ne semblent pas remises en cause, elles apparaissent même être approfondies.
Quelle « température RSE » dans la banque sénégalaise ?
Authors: Bidi Georges 
Published: June 2021

La « température RSE » est le degré de changement organisationnel responsable d’une structure. Elle permet de jauger le niveau de transformation de l’entreprise grâce au développement de (nouvelles) pratiques RSE pour la définition d’un outil de pilotage de la performance globale. Dans cet article, nous étudions le changement organisationnel d’une banque sénégalaise. Une étude qualitative a permis de proposer un premier outil de pilotage de la performance globale.
Body Fat Composition Enhances the Predictive Ability of Changes in White Blood Cell Levels Associated with the Risk of Chronic Disease Development
Authors: Chae Jisuk , Kim Minjoo , Lee Jong Ho , Yoo Hye Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to revalidate the influence of WBCs on chronic disease risk factors and to verify which markers are independently involved in WBC level changes in a Korean population. A total of 80 Korean subjects were divided into three groups, according to the WBC count: mild decrease in WBC, normal WBC, and mild increase in WBC. Fasting blood samples for analyzing biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers were obtained from the subjects, and their body fat composition was evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. The WBC levels were related to levels of adiponectin, triglyceride, and insulin, which are associated with the risk of chronic diseases. In the mild increase in WBC group, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and TNF-α levels increased, and s.c. fat area at the first lumbar vertebrae and fourth lumbar vertebrae decreased. The WBC count positively correlated with hs-CRP and TNF-α levels and most of the body fat composition data, evaluated by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Notably, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels, fat mass, and visceral-to–s.c. fat area ratio at the first lumbar vertebrae were revealed as independent predictors of WBC level change. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the additional use of body fat composition data with the conventional inflammatory markers reliably enhanced the predictive capacity of WBC level changes. Thus, we suggest that by controlling inflammatory markers and body fat composition, WBC levels can be kept within a range that is safe from the risk of chronic diseases.
Retargeting IL-2 Signaling to NKG2D-Expressing Tumor-Infiltrating Leukocytes Improves Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy
Authors: Banerjee Anirban , Li Dongge , Guo Yizhan , Mahgoub Bayan , Paragas Lea , Slobin Jacqueline , Mei Zhongcheng , Manafi Amir , Hata Atsushi , Li Kang , Shi Lei , Westwick John , Slingluff Craig , Lazear Eric , Krupnick Alexander Sasha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ex vivo expansion followed by reinfusion of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) has been used successfully for the treatment of multiple malignancies. Most protocols rely on the use of the cytokine IL-2 to expand TILs prior to reinfusion. In addition, TIL administration relies on systemic administration of IL-2 after reinfusion to support transferred cell survival. The use of IL-2, however, can be problematic because of its preferential expansion of regulatory T and myeloid cells as well as its systemic side effects. In this study, we describe the use of a novel IL-2 mutant retargeted to NKG2D rather than the high-affinity IL-2R for TIL-mediated immunotherapy in a murine model of malignant melanoma. We demonstrate that the NKG2D-retargeted IL-2 (called OMCPmutIL-2) preferentially expands TIL-resident CTLs, such as CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and γδT cells, whereas wild-type IL-2 provides a growth advantage for CD4+Foxp3+ T cells as well as myeloid cells. OMCPmutIL-2–expanded CTLs express higher levels of tumor-homing receptors, such as LFA-1, CD49a, and CXCR3, which correlate with TIL localization to the tumor bed after i.v. injection. Consistent with this, OMCPmutIL-2–expanded TILs provided superior tumor control compared with those expanded in wild-type IL-2. Our data demonstrate that adoptive transfer immunotherapy can be improved by rational retargeting of cytokine signaling to NKG2D-expressing CTLs rather than indiscriminate expansion of all TILs.
Microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical changes associated with the clinical reuse of two nickel–titanium endodontic instruments
Authors: Restrepo-Restrepo Felipe Augusto , Holguín-Vásquez Viviana Andrea , Cañas-Jiménez Syldana Julieth , Villa-Machado Paula Andrea , Ochoa-Soto Sara , Ossa-Orozco Claudia Patricia , Tobón-Arroyave Sergio Iván 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments have represented a great technological development that enabled endodontists conforming irregular-shaped root canals. Notwithstanding, the repeated use of these instruments may lead to the fracture without any prior visible warning signs. This study aimed to evaluate how multiple clinical instrumentation/sterilization cycles of two NiTi mechanized instruments can affect their microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical characteristics.

Materials and Methods:
In this observational descriptive study, a total of 140 NiTi instruments, 70 ProTaper Gold® (PTG) and 70 WaveOne Gold® (WOG) were analyzed. For each brand system, instruments were evaluated in the as-received condition (n = 10) and after one (n = 20), two (n = 20), and three (n = 20) instrumentation/sterilization cycles. Intraoperative instrumentation parameters were recorded for all used instruments. Afterward, the files were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. All of the instruments were tensile-fatigue tested until rupture in order to calculate the mechanical tensile strength and the maximum elongation percentage for the samples. Statistical analysis was completed using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis H-, or Mann–Whitney U-tests with a statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Significant increasing changes in surface topography (P < 0.05, Chi-square test) and chemical composition (P < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis H-test) in both brand systems through instrumentation/sterilization cycles were detected. In addition, values of mechanical tensile strength and maximum elongation percentage increased significantly through instrumentation/sterilization cycles in the PTG group, whereas only the median values of mechanical tensile strength increased significantly in the WOG group (all P < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis H-test).

Conclusion:
Although multiple instrumentation/sterilization cycles may render NiTi instruments more flexible and fatigue resistant, the significant changes detected in their surface topography and chemical composition should preclude their repeated clinical use in the routine endodontic practice as prevention for breakage.
The prognostic value of decrease in prognostic nutritional index in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients during curative thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Kaymak Zumrut Arda , Ozkan Emine Elif 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Curative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT) with concurrent chemotherapy has been considered as standard treatment approach for stage-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The hematological and esophageal toxicities that have been encountered during CTRT would affect the immunonutritional status of the patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the change in pre- and post-treatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in stage-III NSCLC patients.

Methods:
Eighty seven consecutive stage III NSCLC patients’ data were collected. Pre-radiotherapy (RT) and post-RT PNI values were calculated and the impact of prognostic value of PNI change on overall survival (OS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A cutoff value of PNI change was obtained by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
The cutoff value was found to be a 22% decrease in PNI by ROC curve analysis in terms of effect on OS. The median OS of low and high PNI decrease groups were 22.5 and 16.5 months respectively (P = 0,001). In univariate and multivariate analyses PNI decrease of ≥ 22% was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.012) and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)= 2.05 (1.16–3.62).

Conclusion:
The PNI change would be a convenient parameter to assess the immunonutritional status of the patient at the end of CTRT. A decrease of more than 22% of PNI value may predict poor prognosis.