bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Latin American Household Food Security Measurement Scale (ELCSA) was used to determine food security status in Honduran families with children ages 6 to 60 months
Authors: Chicoine Amanda Lynn , Kemmer Teresa M , Coello Miguel 
Published: June 2021

The ELCSA survey was used to determine food security status in Santa Maria and Montaña de la Flor health regions. Households with children ages 6–60 months were randomly selected to participate. The level of food security was determined using the positive responses to the 15 question survey: no positive responses defined food secure, 1–5 defined food insecure, 6–10 defined very food insecure, and 11–15 defined severely food insecure. Within the 140 participating households, 11% of the households were food secure; 14% food insecure, 23% very food insecure, and 53% severely food insecure. Food insecurity was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with having an underweight child (weight‐for‐age z‐score <−2) and telephone ownership; very food insecure with gender of child, living >; one hour from health clinic, electricity, and number of rooms in the house; and severe food insecurity with having an underweight child, child gender, telephone, number of rooms in the house, receiving food assistance, and electricity. Within the rural regions of Honduras evaluated, a very high prevalence of food insecurity exists and is associated with a variety of demographic and socioeconomic factors. These results will assist the Honduran Ministry of Health in directing resources to the heath regions most in need of assistance.Grant Funding Source: USDA NIFA Competitive Grant 2011 67002 30202 and USDA, SD Agricultural Experiment Station Grant SD00H249–08
Zinc deficiency and growth status in children aged 6–60 months in rural Honduras
Authors: Lauseng Megan M. , Kemmer Teresa M. , Coello Miguel 
Published: June 2021

Zinc is an essential trace mineral and its importance in growth and immune function has been established in young children; however, little is known about the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Honduras. The purpose was to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its association with growth status within children ages 6–60 months in rural Honduras. The randomized cross‐sectional study was conducted in two rural Honduran health regions. Hair samples were used to determine zinc status. <−2 z‐score was used to determine stunting (height‐for‐age); wasting (weight‐for‐height); and underweight (weight‐for‐age). Zinc deficiency was defined as <70 μg/g and marginal deficiency as 70–100 μg/g. Bivariate correlations and chi square were used to determine zinc's association with growth status. 217 children aged 6–60 months (56.7% female) participated. Hair samples were obtained from 179 children. 15% of children were zinc deficient and 26% were marginally deficient. 60% of children were stunted, 4% wasted, and 16% underweight. No statistically significant associations were seen between zinc deficiency and growth status or gender. There was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency and a very high prevalence of stunting within children in the regions evaluated; therefore, additional research is required to determine prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associations with growth status throughout other regions of the country.Grant Funding Source: USDA NIFA Competitive Grant 2011–67002‐30202 and USDA, SD Agricultural Experiment Station Grant SD00H249–08.
Elevated hair lead associated with anemia and socioeconomic status in Honduran children ages 6–60 months
Authors: Hemmingson Kaitlyn R , Kemmer Teresa M , Droke Elizabeth , Coello Miguel 
Published: June 2021

A relationship exists between anemia and elevated lead levels; both are conditions that have proven to significantly impact health worldwide. A randomized cross‐sectional study of 217 children ages 6–60 months was conducted in Santa Maria and Moñtana de la Flor, Honduras. The purpose was to determine the relationship between hair lead and anemia in children, and to determine if socioeconomic factors are associated with high lead levels. 20.6% of the population had elevated (≥ 5–10 μg/dL) hair lead and an additional 5.6% showed significant elevation (≥ 10 μg/dL). 33.5% were anemic (Hb < 11g/dL). A significant association was found between elevated hair lead and anemia (p=0.01). 60.5% of the participants were stunted, 30.7% were underweight, and 4.7% were wasted. Socioeconomic indicators of high lead levels included: living in Santa Maria, electricity, telephone ownership and type of stove. Additional research is required to determine the prevalence of elevated lead status throughout Honduras.Grant Funding Source: USDA NIFA Competitive Grant 2011興67002興30202 and SD Agricultural Experiment Station HATCH Grant SD00H249–08
The Breastfeeding and Employment (BESt) Study: New mother employee perceptions of breastfeeding support in companies
Authors: Olson Beth , Braun Michael 
Published: June 2021

Working women breastfeed at lower rates than the unemployed, but little is known on their perceptions of breastfeeding support in companies.ObjectiveDetermine the role of company policies and manager attitudes on new mother employee perceptions of workplace breastfeeding support.MethodsThe BESt Study surveyed companies via mailings to Human Resource Managers with surveys on company's breastfeeding supports and for matched employee and manager pairs. Companies received a total support score and subscores. Analysis was by hierarchical linear modeling.ResultsEmployee scores were not associated with any company scores. Employees with greater job autonomy, a better physical environment and female managers were more positive (p<0.01). Total company scores were associated with more positive manager attitudes, due to structural supports (P<0.01) but not employee supportive supports. In a combined model, positive manager attitudes was associated with more negative perceptions of employees (P<0.05). This relationship was marginally significantly moderated by employees’ prior breastfeeding experience and moderated by managers’ previous experience with breastfeeding employees (P<0.05).ConclusionsNew mother employees may be more influenced by their ability to control their work environment, and benefit from their own breastfeeding experience as well as that of their manager.Funded by USDA NRI 2006–35215‐16703
Prevalence of food allergies (FA) and asthma and associated risk factors in the STRONG Kids Program (SKP)
Authors: Paige Katie N. , Teran‐Garcia Margarita , Donovan Sharon M. 
Published: June 2021

FA are most prevalent in children under age five and are linked to family history, ethnicity, early‐life feeding practices, absence of breastfeeding (BF) and presence of other atopic diseases, including asthma. Chi‐squaredtests were used to compare risk factors in children (ages 3–5) with and without FA enrolled in SKP, a longitudinal study of childhood obesity and health within an ecological framework. In the SKP cohort (n=423), 12% of kids had FA or sensitivity and 8.5% were diagnosed with asthma. Gender, BMI percentile and ethnicity were not associated with risk of allergy. Children with FA were three‐times more likely to have asthma (95% CI 1.48–7.29, p=0.003) and other chronic diseases (95% CI 1.95–6.81, p<0.0001). Peanut, fruit and cow's milk allergies were most common in the SKP cohort (4.3%, 3.0%, and 2.8% respectively). Family history of FA was associated with allergy occurrence in children (p<0.0001). BF longer than six months was associated with a lower occurrence of soy (p=0.02) and fruit (p=0.03) allergies, but no protective effect against other FA was observed (p=0.18). Family history, lack of BF and other chronic conditions were risk factors for FA in SKP participants.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA 2011–67001‐30101
ACSL5‐specific siRNA reduces human adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Killion Elizabeth Ann , Lee Mi Jeong , Greenberg Andrew 
Published: June 2021

When fatty acids (FA) enter cells, long chain acyl CoA synthetases (ACSL) add a CoA group to form fatty acyl CoAs. Fatty acyl CoAs are then utilized to generate triaclyglycerol (TAG), cholesterol ester, phospholipid, or they are oxidized. There is limited knowledge about the role of the five known ACSL isoforms in human adipocytes. We found that ACSL5 mRNA expression increased the most (~2–3 fold) of the ACSL isoforms in human subcutaneous adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes. To define the role of ACSL5, human preadipocytes were transfected with either ACSL5‐specific siRNAs or a scrambled siRNA oligonucleotide. ACSL5‐specific siRNAs decreased the ACSL5 mRNA expression by 81% (±1.2%) in differentiated human preadipocytes as compared to those transfected with scrambled siRNA oligonucleotide. Transfection of ACSL5 siRNAs reduced TAG accumulation by visual inspection, reduced the expression of PPAR‐γ and C/EBP‐α (transcription factors necessary for preadipocyte differentiation), as well as SREBP1c, Perilipin, and FAS expression. ACSL5 expression appears to be necessary for adipocyte differentiation. Ongoing studies are further defining the role of ACSL5 in adipocyte biology. This work was supported by grant 58–1950‐7–707 from USDA Agricultural Service.Grant Funding Source: USDA Agricultural Service grant 58–1950‐7–707
Genetic variation within the selenoproteome influences anxiety‐related behaviors in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Benner Maia J , Hardy Ronald W , Settles Matt L , Robison Barrie D 
Published: June 2021

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for brain function, and Se deficiency is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Polymorphisms in the selenoproteome (Se‐dependent proteins that mediate the biological effects of Se) influence individual requirements and responses to Se. We tested the hypothesis that variation within the selenoproteome influences the behavioral response to Se. We fed four zebrafish strains diets varying in the level of Se (control, Se deficient, and Se supplemented). We measured anxiety behaviors, whole body Se concentration, and selenoproteome gene expression in the diencephalon using both microarrays and Real Time PCR. Se concentration increased linearly with increasing dietary Se for all strains. We observed sex and population dependent responses to Se in anxiety behaviors and transcription of selenoproteome genes. The transcriptional results were often characterized by hormesis, in which high and low Se levels produced similar deviations from control levels. We are now using RNASeq to identify genetic polymorphisms in the zebrafish selenoproteome that may mediate response to Se. Research support included NIH COBRE, NCGR INBRE, NSF IOS, and the University of Idaho Student Grant Program.Grant Funding Source: NIH COBRE, NCGR INBRE, NSF IOS, and the University of Idaho Student Grant Program
Immunohistochemical localization of multiple aquaporins in eel (Anguilla rostrata) kidney
Authors: Cutler Christopher Paul , Harry Shelbe , Phelps Taylor , Garrett Jordan , Ogden Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Although there have been a few studies investigating the location of teleost fish aquaporins. To date little is still known concerning this topic. In the eel, eleven aquaporin genes have been cloned and sequenced from osmoregulatory tissues such as gill, gut and kidney and custom antibodies raised against specific aquaporin peptide antigens. Results show that eel aquaporin 1 (aquaporin 1) is expressed in the apical membranes of a subset of renal tubules and in endothelial cells lining blood vessels as shown previously. A duplicate copy of aquaporin1, AQP1dup (AQP1b using zebrafish nomenclature) was also expressed in a subset of renal tubules but was located in vesicles in the apical pole of the tubule cells rather than in the apical membrane. Aquaporin 8 (AQP8ab in zebrafish) was also expressed in a subset of renal tubules but was located in the basal pole of cells and also stained red blood cells, whereas AQP8b (AQP8aa in zebrafish) expression was located in and adjacent to, cells expressing chromogenic pigment granules. Aquaporin 4b, a novel eel aquaporin was expressed in lines or rings of cells, in unknown structures not associated with either renal tubules or blood vessels. For aquaglyceroporins, AQP3 stained only red blood cells whereas AQPe (AQP10b in zebrafish), stained connective tissue with weak staining in the basal pole of some renal tubules.C.P. Cutler is funded by the National Science Foundation NSF IOS 0844818.
Early craniofacial bone growth and maturation of Fgfr2+/P253R mice and littermates
Authors: Percival Christopher , Pankratz Talia , Huang Yuan , Zhou Xueyan , Jabs Ethylin W , Li Runze , Richtsmeier Joan T 
Published: June 2021

Our goal was to quantify the maturation of individual craniofacial bones and determine how the Fgfr2 P253R mutation modifies cranial bone maturation. Bone volumes and relative bone density histograms were measured from computed tomography images of Fgfr2+/P253R Apert craniosynostosis syndrome model mice and unaffected littermates at E15.5, E16.5, E17.5, P0, and P2. This data was used to quantify ontogenetic change in individual bone density and to test for differences in relative density between the two genotypes. Individual bones increase in volume and density at different rates across embryonic and perinatal development. While many bones of the Fgfr2+/P253R mice display larger volumes than those of littermates by P0, they generally display smaller volumes at P2. Relative bone density of the frontal and some facial/palatal bones is reduced for Fgfr2+/P253R mice at P2, but not before. These differences suggest a postnatal shift in the effect of the mutation on bone growth and maturation. Some of the most significant differences in craniofacial maturation between the two genotypes occur within the facial skeleton, identified as a region of significant dysmorphology in these mice and in humans carrying mutations for FGFR‐related craniosynostosis syndromes. Work supported in part by grants from the NSF to CJP (BCS‐1061554); the NIDCR/NIH and ARRA to JTR (R01DE018500; 3R01DE018500–02S1; R01DE022988).Grant Funding Source: NIDCR/NIH; NSF
The influence of dentition on the developing mandible in a mouse model
Authors: Holmes Megan Anne 
Published: June 2021

Developing dentition is considered an important influence on mandibular size and shape. Previously, it was shown that mandibular size and shape was affected in mice carrying an Fgfr2C342Y/+ mutation, specifically in the ramus rather than alveolar region. Here it is hypothesized that molar size will have a more significant correlation with size and shape of the mandibular alveolar region compared to the ramal region throughout ontogeny. Micro‐CT scans of adult (n=20), perinatal (n=9) and prenatal (n=9) wildtype and mutant mice were used to reconstruct total molar surface area and to collect 3‐D landmark data. Shape and size analyses for each region were conducted using EDMA. Partial correlations were used to test the influence of molar size.Results partly support the stated hypotheses. Principle coordinate plots demonstrate a clear separation in both alveolar and ramal shape between mutant and wildtype mice at each age range. Comparisons of geometric mean using t‐tests reveal that ramal size is significantly smaller in prenatal and adult mutants (p<0.05) but not in the alveolar region (p>;0.05). Partial correlations did not suggest that molar size had a stronger influence on alveolar regions. In conclusion, the alveolar region is less affected than the ramus, however it is not clear whether the dentition is driving this regional difference. It is possible that other ontogenetic factors are masking this signal.Grant Funding Source: NSF
Design and characterization of Thermotoga maritima glycerol dehydrogenase to reduce inactivation by Dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Gross Phillip G , Beauchamp Justin , Vieille Claire 
Published: June 2021

Enzyme catalysis for production of commercially useful compounds is a competitive alternative to traditional chemical synthesis. Thermotoga maritima glycerol dehydrogenase (TmGlyDH) is a potential industrial enzyme for the production of dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the active ingredient of sunless tanning products, from glycerol. Our studies showed that TmGlyDH loses up to 40% of activity when incubated with 200 mM DHA at 50°C for 15 min, with inactivation roughly fitting an exponential decay model. Inactivation likely occurs by the Maillard reaction, where DHA reacts with the amino acids lysine and arginine forming a Schiff base then undergoing rearrangements. Intact and inactivated proteins were digested with trypsin and chymotrypsin and fifteen modified residues were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The targeted Lys and Arg residues were substituted with Gln by site‐directed mutagenesis of the TmGlyDH gene. Mutants were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and purified. We will report on the mutant enzymes’ activity and their resistance to inactivation by DHA.This project was supported by an MSU Honors College Professorial Assistantship and MSU Lyman Briggs College Undergraduate Research Support to PGG, by a US Department of Education GAANN fellowship to JB, and by NSF grant CBET 0756703 and USDA CSREES National Research Initiative grant 2008–35504‐04611 to CV.
Dairy consumption among American children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2008 (1018.1)
Authors: Wang Huifen , Jacques Paul 
Published: June 2021

Dairy foods are recommended as part of healthy diet, but little is known about recent trends in dairy consumption in the United States. We described the trend in dairy consumption from 1999 to 2008 among American children (2‐19 years) and adults (20+ years). We estimated dairy consumption from a single 24‐hour diet recall using the MyPyramid Equivalents Database and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies from 5 continuous survey cycles (1999‐2000 to 2007‐2008) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence of dairy consumption among children stayed at about 97% over time. In 2007‐2008, 41% and 20% of the children consumed 蠅2 and 蠅3 servings/day of total dairy, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in 2003‐2004, but similar to the prevalence in 1999‐2000 (P‐quadratic<0.001). Dairy was consumed by 92% of the adults in 1999‐2000 which increased to 94% by 2007‐2008 (P‐linear<0.01). Only 14% of adults consumed 蠅3 servings/day of total dairy in 1999‐2000, which did not change significantly over time. Overall, dairy consumption was more prevalent among children aged 2‐5 years; adults who were older (65+ years), female, higher‐educated, non‐smoking, or married; and children and adults who were non‐Hispanic white, normal‐weight or affluent. From 1999 to 2008, few Americans, irrespective of age, met the dietary intake recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Grant Funding Source: This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Agreement 58–1950–0‐014, and a research gr
Anthropometric standardization in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific: The Children’S Healthy Living Program (1024.6)
Authors: Li Fenfang , Wilkens Lynne , Novotny Rachel , Fialkowski Marie , Paulino Yvette , Nelson Randall , Bersamin Andrea , Martin Ursula , Jim Rally , Deenik Jonathan , Boushey Carol 
Published: June 2021

Measurement standardization is essential for obtaining accurate and reliable data in multicenter sites. The purpose of this report is to describe anthropometric standardization findings from the Children’s Healthy Living Program (CHL). CHL is a multicenter study on childhood obesity in the US Affiliated Pacific: Alaska, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Freely Associated States of Micronesia, Guam and Hawaii. The Zerfas criteria (1) were used to compare the measurements between each trainee and a single expert. From Sept 2012 to Oct 2013, 74 staff participated in at least one of 26 training and standardization sessions. The percentages of trainees who failed (weight, height, waist, respectively) at the first training were: 23%, 58%, 80% (standard Zerfas criteria, SZ) and 7%, 23%, and 51% (alternate Zerfas criteria, AZ). Among the 74 staff, 46 had a second training, of which failure rates of weight, height, waist at the first session were 30% , 65%, and 87% (SZ) and 7% , 26% , and 63% (AZ) and at the second session were 7%, 50%, 80% (SZ), and 2%, 9% and 37% (AZ), respectively. 19 staff had 3 or more trainings. The SZ criteria were difficult to pass; however staff performance improved with more trainings, resulting in 39 staff members meeting AZ criteria for all 3 measures. (1) Zerfas, A.J. (1985).Checking Continuous Measures: Manual for Anthropometry. Los Angeles, CA: Div of Epi, SPH, UCLA.Grant Funding Source: USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Eicosapentaenoic acid regulation of muscle lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro (1037.2)
Authors: Aljawadi Arwa , Lemieux Monique , Kalupahana Nishan , Claycombe Kate , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima 
Published: June 2021

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega 3 fatty acid exerts potent anti‐inflammatory and hypolipidemic effects. We previously reported that mice fed high fat diets supplemented with EPA (HF‐EPA) were resistant to diet‐induced obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Here we further investigate both in vivo and in vitro the mechanisms by which muscle tissue contributes to the metabolic benefits of EPA. We compared changes in gene and protein expression and tissue metabolites in mice fed either HF or HF‐EPA for 11 weeks and in C2C12 cells treated with or without EPA. Docosahexaenoic acid, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol precursors were increased in muscle of mice fed HF‐EPA vs. HF. Surprisingly, EPA increased fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue but not in muscle. To determine mechanisms mediating direct effects of EPA in muscle in vitro, we used the mouse myocyte cell line C2C12 cells. Consistent with our findings in vivo, treatment of C2C12 cells with 50μM EPA increased lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) gene expression in a time‐dependent manner while fatty acid oxidation was unchanged. In conclusion, high fat diets supplemented with EPA increased saturated fatty acids and cholesterol precursors content in muscle with no significant changes in fatty acid oxidation. These findings suggest a possible unique role of EPA in mediating muscle cholesterogenesis in mice.Grant Funding Source: Suported by USDA, AHA & TTU (COHS &OVPR)