bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How social enterprises gain cognitive legitimacy in the post-pandemic period? Social welfare logic and digital transformation
Authors: Aisaiti Gulizhaer , Liang Ling , Liu Luhao , Xie Jiaping , Zhang Tingting 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a social enterprise legitimation mechanism by combining the established logic and transformational logic to test the validity of the conceptual model.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct the theoretical framework based on integrating organizational identity theory, attention-based view and collected 128 social enterprises data during the post-pandemic period in China. The authors applied multiple hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis to test the research hypothesis.FindingsThe results show that strong organizational identity contributes significantly to the cognitive legitimacy of social enterprise. Besides, we found that social welfare logic and digital transformation can positively mediate the correlation between organizational identity and cognitive legitimacy.Practical implicationsSocial enterprises enhance legitimacy significantly by social welfare logic comparing with commercial logic, which indicates that social enterprises should allocate more internal resources and attention to present the organization's social value through various distributions. More importantly, social enterprises should embrace digital transformation to enhance transparency and efficiency, decrease transaction costs, enlarge organizational social impact to strengthen cognitive legitimacy.Originality/valueThe paper first proposed and empirically tested that digital transformation is an important mechanism to enhance the social enterprise's cognitive legitimacy.
Mixing of tree species is especially beneficial for biodiversity in fragmented landscapes, without compromising forest functioning
Authors: Hertzog Lionel R. , Vandegehuchte Martijn L. , Dekeukeleire Daan , Dekoninck Wouter , de Smedt Pallieter , van Schrojenstein Lantman Irene , Proesmans Willem , Baeten Lander , Bonte Dries , Martel An , Verheyen Kris , Lens Luc 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Contemporary forest management strives to satisfy contrasting demands on forest ecosystems by promoting multiple ecosystem services. These services are affected in varied manners by alternative management actions operating at local or landscape scales, potentially leading to trade‐offs and synergies that may impede or encourage forest managers to change practices.

We here studied ecosystem functions and biodiversity across trophic levels in 53 mature forest plots varying in stand‐level (tree species composition) and landscape‐level (degree of fragmentation) characteristics. The consequences of tree species composition and forest fragmentation for the provision of forest ecosystem services were explored using desirability scores, contrasting two different perspectives on forest management: a conservationist perspective placing more value on biodiversity conservation and a productivist perspective attaching more value to timber production and natural forest regeneration. These scores were derived at two spatial scales distinguishing between ecosystem functions and forest biodiversity.

We show that more than two thirds of the 20 trade‐offs and synergies between functions and diversity variables were driven by variation in tree species composition and fragmentation. While multifunctionality depended on the forest management perspective at the stand level, this dependence was no longer apparent at the landscape scale. Interestingly, more strongly fragmented landscapes had higher landscape‐level multifunctionality, but this came at the expense of biodiversity across trophic levels. At the same time, mixed forest stands had higher levels of biodiversity than monocultures without affecting multifunctionality.

Synthesis and applications. In monocultures, it depends on the management perspective as to which tree species best maximizes multifunctionality. However, diversifying stands resolves this potential tension between different perspectives; in mixtures the level of multifunctionality no longer depended on the management perspective and similar levels were reached compared to the monocultures. Tree species mixtures also maximized biodiversity across trophic levels. Diversifying forest stands thus represents a promising management strategy that resolves potential trade‐offs between functioning and biodiversity.
Long‐term efficacy and complications of a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing retropubic and transobturator mid‐urethral slings: a prospective observational study
Authors: Offiah I , Freeman R ,   for the MONARC™ study group
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThere are concerns regarding the risks of mid‐urethral slings (MUS) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), particularly because of the lack of long‐term data. We compare patient‐reported outcomes of a multicentre randomised controlled trial of retropubic (TVT, GYNECARE™) versus transobturator (TOT, MONARC™) tape surgery at 12 years.Design and settingA multicentre study was performed in 11 tertiary referral centres.PopulationA cohort of 180 participants from the original trial, the majority of whom had mixed urinary incontinence.MethodsPostal questionnaire survey of patient‐reported outcome measures using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaire (PGI‐I) and a numeric rating scale pain questionnaire.Main outcome measuresComparison of the efficacy and complications between the TVT and TOT procedures in the long term.ResultsA total of 110/180 responses were received: 55 for TVT and 55 for TOT. The mean follow‐up was 12.8 ± 0.29 years (SD). TVT was significantly superior to TOT: 41.8% TVT with no SUI, versus 21.8% TOT (P = 0.04). Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) was the most bothersome urinary symptom: 14.5% of respondents reported UUI after TVT and TOT. This was an improvement from the baseline levels: 61.8% TVT and 76.4% TOT. Seventeen patients (9 TVT and 8 TOT) out of 121 reported moderate or severe pain with severe pain in 3 with TVT and 2 with TOT. Overall, 80% TVT and 77% TOT participants reported their symptoms as improved on the PGI‐I.ConclusionsTVT is superior to TOT for SUI cure. Efficacy is reduced by 12 years. There is low incidence of severe vaginal or groin pain. Careful patient counselling on long‐term outcomes is required. The Retropubic tape appears to be an effective treatment for the majority of women with SUI.Tweetable abstractRetropubic tape has superior efficacy to transobturator tape. Complications are comparable with low rates.
Alignment‐free methods for polyploid genomes: Quick and reliable genetic distance estimation
Authors: VanWallendael Acer , Alvarez Mariano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyploid genomes pose several inherent challenges to population genetic analyses. While alignment‐based methods are fundamentally limited in their applicability to polyploids, alignment‐free methods bypass most of these limits. We investigated the use of Mash, a k‐mer analysis tool that uses the MinHash method to reduce complexity in large genomic data sets, for basic population genetic analyses of polyploid sequences. We measured the degree to which Mash correctly estimated pairwise genetic distance in simulated haploid and polyploid short‐read sequences with various levels of missing data. Mash‐based estimates of genetic distance were comparable to alignment‐based estimates, and were less impacted by missing data. We also used Mash to analyse publicly available short‐read data for three polyploid and one diploid species, then compared Mash results to published results. For both simulated and real data, Mash accurately estimated pairwise genetic differences for polyploids as well as diploids as much as 476 times faster than alignment‐based methods, though we found that Mash genetic distance estimates could be biased by per‐sample read depth. Mash may be a particularly useful addition to the toolkit of polyploid geneticists for rapid confirmation of alignment‐based results and for basic population genetics in reference‐free systems or those with only poor‐quality sequence data available.
Censorship and the Impact of Repression on Dissent
Authors: Pop‐Eleches Grigore , Way Lucan A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat is the impact of repression on opposition to authoritarian rule? Studies of repression and dissent have yielded contradictory results. Some research suggests that repression reduces popular resistance while others show that it creates backlash and more dissent. In this article, we present an informational theory of repression to account for such divergent findings. We argue that the impact of repression hinges on the degree of censorship. Where alternative media is present, violence is more likely to increase support for opposition. By contrast, where alternative sources of information are limited, repression may reduce support for opposition and actually increase support for incumbents. We test and confirm these expectations with an original dataset that combines the results of a panel survey that spanned the authoritarian repression of electoral protests in Moldova in 2009 and geocoded data on the subnational variation in repression and alternative information availability. The hypothesized interaction between repression and censorship is corroborated in cross‐national analysis of repression, censorship, and government support (2005–16).
BreastSurgANZ members recommendations for adjuvant systemic treatment and patient compliance in Australian breast cancer patients
Authors: Chan Arlene , O'Neil Nicola , Lomma Chris , Chih HuiJun , Willsher Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify compliance with systemic treatment recommendations in early breast cancer (EBC) patients managed by Australian BreastSurgANZ members.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with EBC included in BreastSurgANZ prospective database from January 2002 to December 2016 was conducted. Data was available on patients with BC treated by over 350 surgeons across the six states and two territories of Australia.ResultsOver the 15 year period, 102 660 EBC episodes were recorded in 99 800 patients. As a group, the five key performance indicators (KPIs) set by the BreastSurgANZ relating to systemic treatment were achieved. Overall, patients were compliant with systemic treatment recommendations with 89.1% of patients receiving treatment in accordance with recommendations from their treating surgeon. The highest rate of non‐compliance with systemic treatment was for endocrine therapy (11.9%). Of the 2368 patients who did not proceed with the recommended endocrine treatment, 1284 (54%) patients did so because of patient refusal. Failure to receive chemotherapy was associated with older age (aOR 1.02; p < 0.001), patients living in regional areas (aOR 1.23; p = 0.001) and those with node negative disease (aOR 0.97; p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe majority of Australian patients with EBC are being recommended for adjuvant systemic therapy in accordance with BreastSurgANZ KPI's. Treatment compliance was very high. This finding emphasises the importance of prospective data collection and auditing of established KPIs by surgeons, in areas other than direct surgical outcomes. Further research into the reasons why patients refuse treatment is needed.
Effects of breed and ejaculate volume on sperm morphology and semen parameters of boars
Authors: Górski Krzysztof , Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria , Kordan Władysław , Fraser Leyland 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the relation between the semen quality, frequency of sperm defects, sperm dimensions and shape, and the ejaculate volume of Large White and Landrace boars. A total of 648 ejaculates collected from 31 Large White and 30 Landrace boars were divided into three groups according to the criterion of the ejaculate volume. In this study Landrace boars produced ejaculates with higher volume, sperm concentration, and total numbers of spermatozoa than Large White boars. Landrace boars also showed a lower frequency of sperm with morphological abnormalities (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had larger heads, which were by 0.15 μm longer, and by a larger perimeter and area (P < 0.05). Landrace boar spermatozoa also had a longer flagellum and were generally larger and by 2.07 μm longer than Large White boar sperm (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in the shape of sperm of the two breeds (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had more elongated heads, and the ratio of head size to flagellum length was lower than in Large White boars sperm (P < 0.05). Sperm from ejaculates with low volume had a shorter flagellum and a greater head length/flagellum length ratio than sperm from medium‐ and high‐volume ejaculates (P < 0.05).
Methylophiopogonanone A is a naturally occurring broad‐spectrum inhibitor against human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases: Inhibition behaviours and implication in herb‐drug interactions
Authors: Zhou Qi‐Hang , Zhu Guang‐Hao , Song Yun‐Qing , Que Yuan‐Fang , He Qing‐Qing , Tu Dong‐Zhu , Zeng Hai‐Rong , Qin Wei‐Wei , Ai Chun‐Zhi , Ge Guang‐Bo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethylophiopogonanone A (MOA) is an abundant homoisoflavonoid in the Chinese herb Ophiopogonis Radix. Recent investigations revealed that MOA inhibited several human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and stimulated OATP1B1. However, the inhibitory effects of MOA on phase II drug‐metabolizing enzymes, such as human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (hUGTs), have not been well investigated. Herein, the inhibition potentials of MOA on hUGTs were assessed. The results clearly demonstrated that MOA dose‐dependently inhibited all tested hUGTs including UGT1A1 (IC50 = 1.23 μM), one of the most important detoxification enzymes in humans. Further investigations showed that MOA strongly inhibited UGT1A1‐catalysed NHPH‐O‐glucuronidation in a range of biological settings including hUGT1A1, human liver microsomes (HLM) and HeLa cells overexpressing UGT1A1. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that MOA competitively inhibited UGT1A1‐catalysed NHPH‐O‐glucuronidation in both hUGT1A1 and HLM, with Ki values of 0.52 and 1.22 μM, respectively. Collectively, our findings expanded knowledge of the interactions between MOA and human drug‐metabolizing enzymes, which would be very helpful for guiding the use of MOA‐related herbal products in clinical settings.
The effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anaemia secondary to chemoradiotherapy for cancers
Authors: Nakagawa Noriharu , Ishiyama Ken , Tanabe Mikoto , Yoroidaka Takeshi , Mizumaki Hiroki , Imi Tatsuya , Zaimoku Yoshitaka , Maruyama Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Kohei , Yamazaki Hirohito , Nakao Shinji 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe outcome of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and prognosis in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) secondary to chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancers remains unknown. A total of 43 of 2559 patients with AA referred to our hospital had previously received chemoradiotherapy for various types of solid tumours (n = 25) or haematological malignancies (n = 18). Their cancer status was complete remission (CR) in 27, non‐CR in 13, and unknown in three. Small populations of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein‐deficient [GPI(−)] granulocytes were detected in 16 patients (37·2%). Of 18 patients who were treated with IST, 50% improved regardless of the presence of GPI(−) cells. The overall survival (OS) rate was significantly higher in patients with a history of solid tumours patients than in those of haematological malignancies (median OS, 87 vs. 11 months, P = 0·0003), and in patients treated with IST than in those of untreated patients (median OS, 115 vs. 20 months, P = 0·028). Cancer aggravation occurred in two of four patients who were treated with IST while in non‐CR of their original cancers. Progression to myelodysplastic syndromes was observed in two patients not possessing GPI(−) cells. IST should thus be considered for patients with AA secondary to chemoradiotherapy for cancers, particularly when their original solid tumours are in CR.
The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current ‘myths’ in naked mole‐rat biology
Authors: Buffenstein Rochelle , Amoroso Vincent , Andziak Blazej , Avdieiev Stanislav , Azpurua Jorge , Barker Alison J. , Bennett Nigel C. , Brieño‐Enríquez Miguel A. , Bronner Gary N. , Coen Clive , Delaney Martha A. , Dengler‐Crish Christine M. , Edrey Yael H. , Faulkes Chris G. , Frankel Daniel , Friedlander Gerard , Gibney Patrick A. , Gorbunova Vera , Hine Christopher , Holmes Melissa M. , Jarvis Jennifer U. M. , Kawamura Yoshimi , Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Kenyon Cynthia , Khaled Walid T. , Kikusui Takefumi , Kissil Joseph , Lagestee Samantha , Larson John , Lauer Amanda , Lavrenchenko Leonid A. , Lee Angela , Levitt Jonathan B. , Lewin Gary R. , Lewis Hardell Kaitlyn N. , Lin TzuHua D. , Mason Matthew J. , McCloskey Dan , McMahon Mary , Miura Kyoko , Mogi Kazutaka , Narayan Vikram , O'Connor Timothy P. , Okanoya Kazuo , O'Riain M. Justin , Park Thomas J. , Place Ned J. , Podshivalova Katie , Pamenter Matthew E. , Pyott Sonja J. , Reznick Jane , Ruby J. Graham , Salmon Adam B. , Santos‐Sacchi Joseph , Sarko Diana K. , Seluanov Andrei , Shepard Alyssa , Smith Megan , Storey Kenneth B. , Tian Xiao , Vice Emily N. , Viltard Mélanie , Watarai Akiyuki , Wywial Ewa , Yamakawa Masanori , Zemlemerova Elena D. , Zions Michael , Smith Ewan St. John 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled ‘Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole‐rat biology’ described 28 ‘myths’ which, those authors claimed, are a ‘perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses’ and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re‐examine each of these ‘myths’ based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these ‘myths’ fall into four main categories: (i) ‘myths’ that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) ‘myths’ that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) ‘myths’ where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) ‘myths’ where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term ‘myth’ is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence‐based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole‐rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.
Closing the knowledge‐action gap in conservation with open science
Authors: Roche Dominique G. , O'Dea Rose E. , Kerr Kecia A. , Rytwinski Trina , Schuster Richard , Nguyen Vivian M. , Young Nathan , Bennett Joseph R. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe knowledge‐action gap in conservation science and practice occurs when research outputs do not result in actions to protect or restore biodiversity. Among the diverse and complex reasons for this gap, three barriers are fundamental: knowledge is often unavailable to practitioners and challenging to interpret or difficult to use or both. Problems of availability, interpretability, and useability are solvable with open science practices. We considered the benefits and challenges of three open science practices for use by conservation scientists and practitioners. First, open access publishing makes the scientific literature available to all. Second, open materials (detailed methods, data, code, and software) increase the transparency and use of research findings. Third, open education resources allow conservation scientists and practitioners to acquire the skills needed to use research outputs. The long‐term adoption of open science practices would help researchers and practitioners achieve conservation goals more quickly and efficiently and reduce inequities in information sharing. However, short‐term costs for individual researchers (insufficient institutional incentives to engage in open science and knowledge mobilization) remain a challenge. We caution against a passive approach to sharing that simply involves making information available. We advocate a proactive stance toward transparency, communication, collaboration, and capacity building that involves seeking out and engaging with potential users to maximize the environmental and societal impact of conservation science.
A re‐assessment of within‐host mating behavior in the Nasonia species complex
Authors: Trienens Monika , Giesbers Maartje C. W. G. , Pannebakker Bart A. , van de Zande Louis , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInsects have a wide variety of mating systems. For parasitic wasps, mating sites are often confined to where their hosts occur and this mutual interaction therefore greatly affects the evolution of alternative mating strategies. Parasitoids of the genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) – comprising the species Nasonia vitripennis (Walker), Nasonia longicornis Darling, Nasonia giraulti Darling, and Nasonia oneida Raychouhury & Desjardins – parasitize blowfly pupae and typically mate immediately after emergence of the females from the host puparium. However, in one Nasonia species, N. giraulti, mating predominantly occurs within the host. Here, we re‐assess within‐host mating (WHM) rates within the Nasonia genus, using laboratory lines and field‐collected hosts, including N. oneida for which no data were available yet. We confirm that WHM rates are low in N. vitripennis and N. longicornis, but high in N. giraulti. WHM is rare in N. oneida, despite its sympatry and close phylogenetic relationship with N. giraulti. Multiparasitization experiments with N. vitripennis and N. giraulti resulted in lower WHM proportions of N. giraulti. To evaluate whether this was due to an exit hole in the host pupa created by N. vitripennis males – where an exit hole may result in emergence of N. giraulti females and possibly males prior to mating – we artificially created exit holes in the host parasitized by N. giraulti only. This also yielded a lower WHM proportion. Progeny analysis of interspecific crosses of N. longicornis and N. oneida with N. giraulti, generating hybrid female but non‐hybrid male offspring, revealed that WHM is largely determined by the maternal species and, hence, by the species to which the male offspring belong. We conclude that WHM is predominantly a male‐mediated trait in N. giraulti, resulting from males refraining from making exit holes and mating with females inside the host. We discuss how these findings can be used to evaluate whether WHM contributes to preventing species hybridization.