bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic data reveal four major clades of Australian Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. , Bovill Jessica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae), the Australasian clade is one of the four major clades. In Australia, the Gnaphalieae account for 488 species or approximately half of the native Asteraceae, encompassing wide ecological and morphological diversity including shrubs, everlasting paper daisies, cudweeds, alpine cushion plants, and ephemeral herbs in the arid zone. The evolution of the Australasian clade is still poorly understood. The most detailed previous infratribal classification of Gnaphalieae has recently been revised, resulting in the recognition of two subtribes, with all Australian species placed in subtribe Gnaphaliinae. The most comprehensive previous phylogeny of Australian Gnaphalieae used high‐copy ribosomal and chloroplast markers but showed limited resolution and branch support. We used conserved ortholog set data produced with sequence capture and 53 chloroplast genes to infer nuclear and chloroplast likelihood phylogenies for Australian Gnaphalieae, generating data for at least one species each from 80 of the 86 native genera. Four major clades were resolved: the Euchiton clade of cudweed‐like and alpine perennial species; the shrubby Cassinia clade; the predominantly perennial and eastern Australian Waitzia clade; and the predominantly ephemeral and western Australian to Eremaean Angianthus clade. The Cassinia, Waitzia, and Angianthus clades are largely congruent with “groups” in a previous morphological analysis and classification of Gnaphalieae. Analysis of ancestral ranges implied the temperate Southeast of Australia as the most likely area of origin for the Australian Gnaphalieae as a whole and for three of the four major clades. The Angianthus clade was implied to be ancestrally Eremaean, with a major secondary radiation originating in southwestern Australia. Our broadly sampled phylogeny provides a framework to inform sampling and design of future studies to test the circumscription of genera.
Toxicogenicity and mechanistic pathways of aflatoxinB1induced renal injury
Authors: Dlamini Nomali Zanele , Somboro Anou M. , Amoako Daniel G. , Arhin Isaiah , Khumalo Hezekiel M. , Khan Rene B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the toxicogenic effects, molecular mechanisms and proteomic assessment of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) on human renal cells. Hek293 cells were exposed to AFB1(0–100 μM) for 24 h. The effect on cell viability was assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, which also produced the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) used in subsequent assays. Free radical production was evaluated by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrate concentration, while DNA fragmentation was determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. Damage to cell membranes was ascertained using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The concentration of ATP, reduced glutathione (GSH), necrosis, annexin V and caspase activity was measured by luminometry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression of proteins and genes associated with apoptosis and oxidative stress. The MTT assay revealed a reduction in cell viability of Hek293 cells as the AFB1concentration was increased, with a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 32.60 μM. The decreased viability corresponded to decreased ATP concentration. The upregulation of Hsp70 indicated that oxidative stress was induced in the AFB1‐treated cells. While this implies an increased production of free radicals, the accompanying upregulation of the antioxidant system indicates the activation of defense mechanisms to prevent cellular damage. Thus, membrane damage associated with increased radical formation was prevented as indicated by the reduced LDH release and necrosis. In addition, cytotoxic effects were evident as AFB1activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with corresponding increased DNA fragmentation, p53 and Bax upregulation and increased caspase activity, but externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a major hallmark of apoptosis, did not occur in AFB1treated renal cells. The results suggest that AFB1induced oxidative stress leading to cell death by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in renal cells.
Epimedium promotes steroidogenesis by CREB activation‐mediated mitochondrial fusion in endosulfan treated leydig cells
Authors: Chuang Ho‐Lin , Bharath Kumar V. , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Ho Chih‐Chu , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Chen Ray‐Jade , Padma Viswanadha Vijaya , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpimedium, is used traditionally in Chinese medicine to treat infertility problems. In this study, we establish the cell model to elucidate the protective effect of epimedium against ES by analyzing the molecular relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and steroidogenesis and to explore the molecular mechanism focusing on mitochondria function relating to fertility. ES induced ROS accumulation in mitochondria and the epimedium treatment significantly reduced the ROS accumulation. Furthermore, mitochondria morphology was restored to elongated shape following epimedium treatment. Epimedium treatment promoted dynamin‐associated protein 1 (Drp1)‐mediated steroidogenesis pathway by upregulating PKA, CREB, Drp1, and StAR protein expression in response to ES exposure in Leydig cells. Moreover, it was also identified that, CREB plays an important role in epimedium activation in Drp1‐mediated steroidogenesis signaling pathway by increasing, phospho‐CREB expression in nucleus. Testosterone level is decreased in ES‐exposed cells; however, the testosterone level was increased after epimedium treatment. In conclusion, epimedium treatment improved mitochondria function in ES‐exposed Leydig cells and activated downstream Drp1‐dependent steroidogenesis by CREB mediated signaling pathway.
Acid value minimization in continuous biodiesel production from a high viscous nonedible oil
Authors: Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi Sai Bharadwaj , Subramaniapillai Niju , Khadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa Begum , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, acid value optimization in continuous biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible rubber seed oil (RSO) is presented. Gradual reduction in acid value from 67.6 (mg KOH/g oil) (raw RSO) to 3.55 (mg KOH/g oil) (pretreated RSO) to 0.25 (mg KOH/g oil) (synthesized biodiesel) is detected at reaction conditions of 9:1 alcohol:feedstock (methanol:oil (molar ratio)) (mol/mol), 4 h of residence time, and 5 wt% (oil) of catalyst concentration. Optimization of experimental factors is studied using well‐known data‐based tools called response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. A significant second‐order quadratic model with alcohol:feedstock molar ratio (mol/mol) as most influencing experimental factor is observed from ANOVA analysis of RSM studies. A mean‐square error (MSE) of 0.001245 is observed with the best validation performance of 0.0014716 at epoch‐3 in ANN modeling. Comparing the coefficient of determination (R2) of value 0.8906 (from RSM studies) with the value of 0.99 (from ANN modeling) reveals that ANN is the best fit model with experimental value in acid value optimization of continuous biodiesel production from RSO.
Design of a management model for a tropical wetland
Authors: López Calatayud Nereida Coromoto , Márquez Romance Adriana Mercedes , Guevara Pérez Edilberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents, as a novelty, the design of the Tropical Wetland Management Model (TWMM). The model is based on the components and criteria established in the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, (Ramsar Convention). The TWMM consists of the formulation of a multicriteria matrix (MCM), analyzing its applicability for the Urama–Venezuela Wetland. The MCM includes five components for comparison, 25 criteria, and 56 attributes that make up the structure of the management model. The MCM contributes to decision making for the formulation of the management model based on the analysis of eight countries in the Latin American region and two European cases: Spain and the European Union. As a result, an integrated matrix measured by a Wetland Management Model Index (WMMI) was obtained. The quantitative value of the index was as follow: Argentina, 0.64; Chile, 0.89; Colombia, 0.73; Costa Rica, 0.73; Mexico, 0.68; Paraguay, 0.46; Peru, 0.82; Spain, 0.64; European Union, 1; and Venezuela 0.88. Only 10% of the cases reach the “very high” category (European Union); 50%, the “high” category (Chile, Venezuela, Peru, Costa Rica, and Colombia); 30%, the “medium” category (Mexico, Spain, and Argentina); and 10%, the “low” category, (Paraguay).
Fatty acid composition of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii grown under low‐ and high‐methanol conditions
Authors: Ma Pengli , Takashima Shigeo , Fujita Chikako , Yamada Saya , Oshima Yusuke , Cai Hao‐Liang , Yurimoto Hiroya , Sakai Yasuyoshi , Hayakawa Takashi , Shimada Masaya , Ning Xia , Wei Baoyao , Nakagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the intracellular fatty acid profiles of Komagataella phaffii during methylotrophic growth. K. phaffii grown on methanol had significantly lower total fatty acid contents in the cells compared with glucose‐grown cells. C18 and C16 fatty acids were the predominant fatty acids in K. phaffii, although the contents of odd‐chain fatty acids such as C17 fatty acids were also relatively high. Moreover, the intracellular fatty acid composition of K. phaffii changed in response to not only carbon sources but also methanol concentrations: C17 fatty acids and C18:2 content increased significantly as methanol concentration increased, whereas C18:1 and C18:3 contents were significantly lower in methanol‐grown cells. The intracellular content of unidentified compounds (CnH2nO4), on the other hand, was significantly greater in cells grown on methanol. As the intracellular contents of these CnH2nO4 compounds were significantly higher in a gene‐disrupted strain for glutathione peroxidase (gpx1Δ) than in the wild‐type strain, we presume that the CnH2nO4 compounds are fatty acid peroxides. These results indicate that K. phaffii can coordinate intracellular fatty acid composition during methylotrophic growth in order to adapt to high‐methanol conditions and that certain fatty acid species such as C17:0, C17:1, C17:2 and C18:2 may be related to the physiological functions by which K. phaffii adapts to high‐methanol conditions.
A fully differential SMEFT analysis of the golden channel using the method of moments
Authors: Banerjee Shankha , Gupta Rick S. , Ochoa-Valeriano Oscar , Spannowsky Michael , Venturini Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Method of Moments is a powerful framework to disentangle the relative contributions of amplitudes of a specific process to its various phase space regions. We apply this method to carry out a fully differential analysis of the Higgs decay channel h → 4ℓ and constrain gauge-Higgs coupling modifications parametrised by dimension-six effective operators. We find that this analysis approach provides very good constraints and minimises degeneracies in the parameter space of the effective theory. By combining the decay h → 4ℓ with Higgs-associated production processes, Wh and Zh, we obtain the strongest reported bounds on anomalous gauge-Higgs couplings.
A Unified Approach to the Decomposition Theorems in Baer $$*$$-Rings
Authors: Burdak Zbigniew , Kosiek Marek , Pagacz Patryk , Słociński Marek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to generalize decomposition theorems showed in Bagheri-Bardi et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 583:102–118, 2019; Linear Algebra Appl 539:117–133, 2018) by a unified approach. We show a general decomposition theorem with respect to a hereditary property. Then the vast majority of decompositions known in the algebra of Hilbert space operators is generalized to elements of Baer $$*$$

∗

-rings by this theorem. The theorem yields also results which are new in the algebra of bounded Hilbert space operators. Additionally, the model of summands in Wold–Słociński decomposition is given in Baer $$*$$

∗

-rings.
Camera and inertial sensor fusion for the PnP problem: algorithms and experimental results
Authors: D’Alfonso Luigi , Garone Emanuele , Muraca Pietro , Pugliese Paolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we face the problem of estimating the relative position and orientation of a camera and an object, when they are both equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs), and the object exhibits a set of n landmark points with known coordinates (the so-called Pose estimation or PnP Problem). We present two algorithms that, fusing the information provided by the camera and the IMUs, solve the PnP problem with good accuracy. These algorithms only use the measurements given by IMUs’ inclinometers, as the magnetometers usually give inaccurate estimates of the Earth magnetic vector. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is assessed by numerical simulations and experimental tests. The results of the tests are compared with the most recent methods proposed in the literature.
Fluctuations in the wage gap between vocational and general secondary education: lessons from Portugal
Authors: Hartog Joop , Raposo Pedro , Reis Hugo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe document and analyse the wage gap between vocational and general secondary education in Portugal between 1994 and 2013. As Portuguese workers have been educated in different school systems, we have to distinguish between birth cohorts. Analysing the wage gaps within cohorts, we find no support for either the human capital prediction of crossing wage profiles or the hypothesis that general graduates increasingly outperform vocational graduates in late career. We discover that the lifecycle wage profiles have shifted over time. We link the pattern of shifting cohort profiles to changes in the school system and in the structure of labour demand. We conclude that assessing the relative value of vocational education requires assessing how the vocational curriculum responds to changes in economic structure and technology. We show that the decline in assortative matching between workers and firms has benefited vocationally educated workers.
Experimental investigation of the two-phase local heat transfer coefficients for condensation of R134a in a micro-structured plate heat exchanger
Authors: Wang Ru , Sun Tingyan , Polzin Anja-Elsa , Kabelac Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlate heat exchangers are widely used for two-phase heat transfer in the industrial applications, and recently more attention has been paid to the plate heat exchangers with enhanced surface due to their better heat transfer performance. In this paper, the local condensation heat transfer coefficients are studied using R134a in a micro-structured plate heat exchanger. In order to obtain a more accurate prediction model, a series of measurements are conducted under various operating conditions. The mass flux of R134a varied from 47 kg/m2s to 77 kg/m2s, the saturation pressure in the condenser ranged from 6.32 bar to 8.95 bar, and the value of the heat flux was between 13 kW/m2 and 22 kW/m2. The local two-phase Nusselt number increases with the increase of the mass flux. As the saturation pressure increases, the local two-phase Nusselt number increase at the beginning of the condensation and decrease at the end of the condensation. However, the effect of heat flux on local heat transfer is irregular, due to the interaction of these parameters in the experiment. Comparing with the unstructured plate heat exchanger, R134a condenses faster at the beginning of the process in the micro-sturctured plate heat exchanger, and the local heat transfer performs better when the vapor quality is lower. Combing with the phenomenon that the overall heat flux in micro-structured plate is larger under the same working conditions, it shows that the overall heat transfer of the micro-structured plate is improved, but the local heat transfer uprades only at lower vapor qualities. A new correlation is developed, it predicts all the experimental data within the root mean square error 10%, and a new correlation for the waterside is suggested as well.
Increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Karayama Masato , Inui Naoki , Inoue Yusuke , Yoshimura Katsuhiro , Mori Kazutaka , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Asada Kazuhiro , Uto Tomohiro , Fujii Masato , Matsui Takashi , Matsuura Shun , Hashimoto Dai , Toyoshima Mikio , Kusagaya Hideki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Inami Nao , Kaida Yusuke , Niwa Mitsuru , Ito Yasuhiro , Suda Takafumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipids have immunomodulatory functions and the potential to affect cancer immunity.

Methods
The associations of pretreatment serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids with the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 148 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab.

Results
When each lipid was separately evaluated, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.007), lauric acid (P = 0.015), myristic acid (P = 0.022), myristoleic acid (P = 0.035), stearic acid (P = 0.028), linoleic acid (P = 0.005), arachidic acid (P = 0.027), eicosadienoic acid (P = 0.017), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (P = 0.036), and behenic acid levels (P = 0.032) were associated with longer PFS independent of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Meanwhile, increased LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.009), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), linoleic acid (P = 0.014), and lignoceric acid levels (P = 0.028) were associated with longer OS independent of PD-L1 expression. When multiple lipids were evaluated simultaneously, LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.036), and lauric acid (P = 0.036) were independently predictive of PFS, and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.008) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.031) were predictive of OS. ORR was not associated with any serum lipid.

Conclusions
Based on the association of prolonged survival in patients with increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels, serum lipid levels may be useful for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Laser-induced incandescence (2λ and 2C) for estimating absorption efficiency of differently matured soot
Authors: Török Sandra , Mannazhi Manu , Bengtsson Per-Erik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo-wavelength and two-color laser-induced incandescence (2λ–2C-LII) was used to study the absorption properties of three types of cold soot of different maturity from a mini-CAST soot generator. LII fluence curve analysis allowed for estimating absorption wavelength dependence in terms of dispersion coefficients ξ by the use of two excitation wavelengths (532 and 1064 nm). The estimated ξ (based on E(m, λ) ∝ λ1−ξ) spanned from ~ 1.2 for the mature soot, up to 2.3 for the young soot. The results for the mature soot showed good agreement with previous measurement using multi-wavelength extinction. For the young soot, however, some discrepancy was observed suggesting a weaker wavelength dependence (lower ξ) from the LII fluence analysis. Furthermore, an estimation of the E(m, λ) for the different types of soot was done from the experimental fluence curves with temperature analysis in the low-fluence regime and simulations using an LII model. Additionally, uncertainties and limitations were discussed. Finally, it should be pointed out that caution has to be taken when interpreting 2λ-LII results to obtain quantitative absorption properties of less mature soot, which may be influenced by thermal annealing during the laser pulse and by absorption from non-refractory species externally/internally mixed with the soot.
Contributors to linkage between Arctic warming and East Asian winter climate
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Gao Yongqi , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious modelling and observational studies have shown discrepancies in the interannual relationship of winter surface air temperature (SAT) between Arctic and East Asia, stimulating the debate about whether Arctic change can influence midlatitude climate. This study uses two sets of coordinated experiments (EXP1 and EXP2) from six different atmospheric general circulation models. Both EXP1 and EXP2 consist of 130 ensemble members, each of which in EXP1 (EXP2) was forced by the same observed daily varying sea ice and daily varying (daily climatological) sea surface temperature (SST) for 1982–2014 but with different atmospheric initial conditions. Large spread exists among ensemble members in simulating the Arctic–East Asian SAT relationship. Only a fraction of ensemble members can reproduce the observed deep Arctic warming–cold continent pattern which extends from surface to upper troposphere, implying the important role of atmospheric internal variability. The mechanisms of deep Arctic warming and shallow Arctic warming are further distinguished. Arctic warming aloft is caused primarily by poleward moisture transport, which in conjunction with the surface warming coupled with sea ice melting constitutes the surface-amplified deep Arctic warming throughout the troposphere. These processes associated with the deep Arctic warming may be related to the forcing of remote SST when there is favorable atmospheric circulation such as Rossby wave train propagating from the North Atlantic into the Arctic.
Dying of VOC-202012/01 — multimodal investigations in a death case of the SARS-CoV-2 variant
Authors: Heinrich Fabian , Romich Carina , Zimmermann Tamara , Kniep Inga , Fitzek Antonia , Steurer Stefan , Glatzel Markus , Nörz Dominik , Günther Thomas , Czech-Sioli Manja , Fischer Nicole , Grundhoff Adam , Lütgehetmann Marc , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current pandemic with Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has been taking on new dynamics since the emergence of new variants last fall, some of them spreading more rapidly. Many countries currently find themselves in a race to ramp up vaccination strategies that have been initiated and a possible third wave of the pandemic from new variants, such as the Variant of Concern-202012/01 from the B.1.1.7 lineage. Until today, many investigations in death cases of Coronavirus-disease-19 have been conducted, revealing pulmonary damage to be the predominant feature of the disease. Thereby, different degrees of macroscopic and microscopic lung damage have been reported, most of them resembling an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Far more, systemic complications of the disease such as pulmonary embolisms have been described. However, neither morphologic nor virologic findings of patients dying of the new variants have yet been reported. Here, we report on a comprehensive analysis of radiologic, morphologic, and virologic findings in a fatal case of this variant.