bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heyde syndrome: prevalence and outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Waldschmidt Lara , Drolz Andreas , Heimburg Paula , Goßling Alina , Ludwig Sebastian , Voigtländer Lisa , Linder Matthias , Schofer Niklas , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk , Conradi Lenard , Kluwe Johannes , Seiffert Moritz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Heyde syndrome (HS) is known as the association of severe aortic stenosis (AS) and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) from angiodysplasia. Data on the prevalence of HS and results after TAVI remain scarce.

Methods
2548 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI for the treatment of AS from 2008 to 2017 were evaluated for a history of GIB and the presence of HS. The diagnosis of HS was defined as a clinical triad of severe AS, a history of recurrent GIB, and an endoscopic diagnosis of angiodysplasia. These patients (Heyde) were followed to investigate clinical outcomes, bleeding complications and the recurrence of GIB and were compared to patients with GIB unrelated to HS (Non-Heyde).

Results
A history of GIB prior to TAVI was detected in 190 patients (7.5%). Among them, 47 patients were diagnosed with HS (1.8%). Heyde patients required blood transfusions more frequently compared to Non-Heyde patients during index hospitalization (50.0% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.03). Recurrent GIB was detected in 39.8% of Heyde compared to 21.2% of Non-Heyde patients one year after TAVI (p = 0.03). In patients diagnosed with HS and recurrent GIB after TAVI, the rate of residual ≥ mild paravalvular leakage (PVL) was higher compared to those without recurrent bleeding (73.3% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.05).

Conclusion
A relevant number of patients undergoing TAVI were diagnosed with HS. Recurrent GIB was detected in a significant number of Heyde patients during follow-up. A possible association with residual PVL requires further investigation to improve treatment options and outcomes in patients with HS.

Graphic abstract
Activity of the adrenomedullin system to personalise post-discharge diuretic treatment in acute heart failure
Authors: Kozhuharov Nikola , Ng Leong , Wussler Desiree , Strebel Ivo , Sabti Zaid , Hartmann Oliver , Eltayeb Mohamed , Squire Iain , Nowak Albina , Rieger Max , Martin Jasmin , Michou Eleni , Stefanelli Sabrina , Puelacher Christian , Shrestha Samyut , Belkin Maria , Zimmermann Tobias , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Struck Joachim , Bergmann Andreas , Mebazaa Alexandre , Blet Alice , Gualandro Danielle Menosi , Breidthardt Tobias , Mueller Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Quantifying the activity of the adrenomedullin system might help to monitor and guide treatment in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. The aims were to (1) identify AHF patients with marked benefit or harm from specific treatments at hospital discharge and (2) predict mortality by quantifying the adrenomedullin system activity.

Methods
This was a prospective multicentre study. AHF diagnosis and phenotype were centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists among patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea. Adrenomedullin system activity was quantified using the biologically active component, bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM), and a prohormone fragment, midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM). Bio-ADM and MR-proADM concentrations were measured in a blinded fashion at presentation and at discharge. Interaction with specific treatments at discharge and the utility of these biomarkers on predicting outcomes during 365-day follow-up were assessed.

Results
Among 1886 patients with adjudicated AHF, 514 patients (27.3%) died during 365-day follow-up. After adjusting for age, creatinine, and treatment at discharge, patients with bio-ADM plasma concentrations above the median (> 44.6 pg/mL) derived disproportional benefit if treated with diuretics (interaction p values < 0.001). These findings were confirmed when quantifying adrenomedullin system activity using MR-proADM (n = 764) (interaction p values < 0.001). Patients with bio-ADM plasma concentrations above the median were at increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.57–2.24; p < 0.001). For predicting 365-day all-cause mortality, both biomarkers performed well, with MR-proADM presenting an even higher predictive accuracy compared to bio-ADM (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Quantifying the adrenomedullin’s system activity may help to personalise post-discharge diuretic treatment and enable accurate risk-prediction in AHF.
Anthocyanin extract from Lycium ruthenicum enhanced production of biomass and polysaccharides during submerged fermentation of Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam
Authors: Wu Shan , Lu Hong-Yun , Chen Qi-He , Xie Hui-Chun , Jiao Ying-Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam (ABSC) is a wild edible fungus uniquely found in the Tibet Plateau. ABSC is rich in polysaccharides that are considered biologically active. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of enhancing exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by ABSC in shake flask culture by supplementing the fermentation medium with anthocyanin extract. Different concentrations of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) anthocyanin crude extract were tested on ABSC fermentation. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucose mutase (PGM), and phosphomannose isomerase (PMI), enzymes presumably involved in EPS synthesis by ABSC, was determined. ABSC transcriptomic profile in response to the presence of anthocyanins during fermentation was also investigated. LRM anthocyanin crude extract (0.06 mg/mL) was most effective in increasing EPS content and mycelial biomass (by 208.10% and 105.30%, respectively, P < 0.01). The activity of PGI, PGM, and PMI was increased in a medium where LRM anthocyanin extract and its main components (proanthocyanidins and petunia anthocyanin) were added. RNA-Seq analysis showed that 349 genes of ABSC were differentially expressed during fermentation in the medium containing anthocyanin extract of LRM; 93 genes were up-regulated and 256 genes down-regulated. From gene ontology enrichment analysis, differentially expressed genes were mostly assigned to carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction categories. Collectively, LRM anthocyanins extract positively affected EPS production and mycelial biomass during ABSC fermentation. Our study provides a novel strategy for improving EPS production and mycelial growth during ABSC liquid submerged fermentation.
Discrepancy properties and conjugacy classes of interval exchange transformations
Authors: Weiß Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterval exchange transformations are typically uniquely ergodic maps and therefore have uniformly distributed orbits. Their degree of uniformity can be measured in terms of the star-discrepancy. Few examples of interval exchange transformations with low-discrepancy orbits are known so far and only for $$n=2,3$$

n
=
2
,
3

intervals, there are criteria to completely characterize those interval exchange transformations. In this paper, it is shown that having low-discrepancy orbits is a conjugacy class invariant under composition of maps. To a certain extent, this approach allows us to distinguish interval exchange transformations with low-discrepancy orbits from those without. For $$n=4$$

n
=
4

intervals, the classification is almost complete with the only exceptional case having monodromy invariant $$\rho = (4,3,2,1)$$

ρ
=
(
4
,
3
,
2
,
1
)

. This particular monodromy invariant is discussed in detail.
Differential Effects of Toll-Like Receptor Activation and Differential Mediation by MAP Kinases of Immune Responses in Microglial Cells
Authors: Kwon Jaedeok , Arsenis Christos , Suessmilch Maria , McColl Alison , Cavanagh Jonathan , Morris Brian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroglial activation is believed to play a role in many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Based largely on evidence from other cell types, it is widely thought that MAP kinase (ERK, JNK and p38) signalling pathways contribute strongly to microglial activation following immune stimuli acting on toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 or TLR4. We report here that exposure of SimA9 mouse microglial cell line to immune mimetics stimulating TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide—LPS) or TLR7/8 (resiquimod/R848), results in marked MAP kinase activation, followed by induction of nitric oxide synthase, and various cytokines/chemokines. However, in contrast to TLR4 or TLR7/8 stimulation, very few effects of TLR3 stimulation by poly-inosine/cytidine (polyI:C) were detected. Induction of chemokines/cytokines at the mRNA level by LPS and resiquimod were, in general, only marginally affected by MAP kinase inhibition, and expression ofTNF,Ccl2andCcl5mRNAs, along with nitrite production, were enhanced by p38 inhibition in a stimulus-specific manner. Selective JNK inhibition enhanced Ccl2 and Ccl5 release. Many distinct responses to stimulation of TLR4 and TLR7 were observed, with JNK mediating TNF protein induction by the latter but not the former, and suppressing Ccl5 release by the former but not the latter. These data reveal complex modulation by MAP kinases of microglial responses to immune challenge, including a dampening of some responses. They demonstrate that abnormal levels of JNK or p38 signalling in microglial cells will perturb their profile of cytokine and chemokine release, potentially contributing to abnormal inflammatory patterns in CNS disease states.
The coSIR model predicts effective strategies to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants with low severity and high transmissibility
Authors: Xu Longchen , Zhang Haohang , Xu Hengyi , Yang Han , Zhang Lei , Zhang Wei , Gu Fei , Lan Xun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads across the globe. However, most epidemic models view the virus as static and unchanging and thus fail to address the consequences of the potential evolution of the virus. Here, we built a competitive susceptible-infected-removed (coSIR) model to simulate the competition between virus strains of differing severities or transmissibility under various virus control policies. The coSIR model predicts that although the virus is extremely unlikely to evolve into a “super virus” that causes an increased fatality rate, virus variants with less severe symptoms can lead to potential new outbreaks and can cost more lives over time. The present model also demonstrates that the protocols restricting the transmission of the virus, such as wearing masks and social distancing, are the most effective strategy in reducing total mortality. A combination of adequate testing and strict quarantine is a powerful alternative to policies such as mandatory stay-at-home orders, which may have an enormous negative impact on the economy. In addition, building Mobile Cabin Hospitals can be effective and efficient in reducing the mortality rate of highly infectious virus strains.
ClipAssistNet: bringing real-time safety feedback to operating rooms
Authors: Aspart Florian , Bolmgren Jon L. , Lavanchy Joël L. , Beldi Guido , Woods Michael S. , Padoy Nicolas , Hosgor Enes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cholecystectomy is one of the most common laparoscopic procedures. A critical phase of laparoscopic cholecystectomy consists in clipping the cystic duct and artery before cutting them. Surgeons can improve the clipping safety by ensuring full visibility of the clipper, while enclosing the artery or the duct with the clip applier jaws. This can prevent unintentional interaction with neighboring tissues or clip misplacement. In this article, we present a novel real-time feedback to ensure safe visibility of the instrument during this critical phase. This feedback incites surgeons to keep the tip of their clip applier visible while operating.

Methods
We present a new dataset of 300 laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos with frame-wise annotation of clipper tip visibility. We further present ClipAssistNet, a neural network-based image classifier which detects the clipper tip visibility in single frames. ClipAssistNet ensembles predictions from 5 neural networks trained on different subsets of the dataset.

Results
Our model learns to classify the clipper tip visibility by detecting its presence in the image. Measured on a separate test set, ClipAssistNet classifies the clipper tip visibility with an AUROC of 0.9107, and 66.15% specificity at 95% sensitivity. Additionally, it can perform real-time inference (16 FPS) on an embedded computing board; this enables its deployment in operating room settings.

Conclusion
This work presents a new application of computer-assisted surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, namely real-time feedback on adequate visibility of the clip applier. We believe this feedback can increase surgeons’ attentiveness when departing from safe visibility during the critical clipping of the cystic duct and artery.
Prävention von Ballsportunfällen an Schulen mittels eines „serious game“: Konzeptvorstellung und begleitende Evaluation
Authors: Riemer Valentin , Schrader Claudia , Pollatos Olga 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Zahl der Ballsportunfälle im Schulsport ist seit Jahren konstant hoch. Zu den Hauptursachen zählt mangelnde Gefahrenkenntnis und eine daraus resultierende geringe Risikowahrnehmung bei Schülerinnen und Schülern (SuS).

Ziel der Arbeit
Ein Präventionskonzept wird vorgestellt, bestehend aus einem „serious game“ und didaktischen Begleitmaterialien für SuS und Lehrkräfte. Lernziele, Spielprinzipien und Anwendung in einem Blended-learning-Ansatz werden beschrieben. Zwei begleitende Evaluationsstudien und deren wichtigsten Ergebnisse werden berichtet.

Material und Methoden
Mittels teilstrukturierter Interviews wurden in Studie 1 (nSuS = 92; nLehrkräfte = 9) Vorwissen und Erwartungen der Zielgruppen erhoben. Nach Entwicklung eines Spielprototyps wurde dieser in einer Studie 2 (nSuS = 13; nLehrkräfte = 8; nExpert*innen = 5) eingesetzt und mittels Online-Fragebogen das Spielerleben sowie Einstellungen zur Nutzung des Präventionskonzepts erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Die SuS zeigten nur geringes Vorwissen zu Gefahren im Ballsport an Schulen. SuS berichteten ein generell positives Spielerleben. Lehrkräfte zeigten eine positive Einstellung zum Präventionskonzept.

Diskussion
Die Erkenntnisse aus den Studien flossen im Sinne eines Design-based-research-Ansatzes direkt in die weitere Entwicklung ein. Es wird eine hohe Anwendungsbereitschaft für das Präventionskonzept angenommen. Die Effektivität des Konzepts ist in einer abschließenden Evaluationsstudie zu prüfen.
Structured Lifestyle Modification Prior to Bariatric Surgery: How Much is Enough?
Authors: Brazil John , Finucane Francis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany healthcare systems require patients to participate in a structured lifestyle modification programme prior to bariatric surgery, even though bariatric consensus guidelines do not recommend this. While there is good evidence that such programmes improve health in other conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, there is no evidence that they improve outcomes after bariatric surgery. The distinction needs to be drawn between the well-established need for individualised multidisciplinary dietetic and physical activity care for bariatric surgical patients and the potential harms from mandating participation in compulsory structured lifestyle programmes of fixed duration, frequency and intensity, which may delay surgery, reinforce obesity stigma, or both. Large clinical trials might help to address some of the uncertainty and provide an evidence base for clinicians and policymakers.Graphical abstract
The Effect of Virtual Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jiang Amanda , Rosario Michael , Stahl Sara , Gill Jessica M. , Rusch Heather L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We summarized peer-reviewed literature investigating the effect of virtual mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on sleep quality. We aimed to examine the following three questions: (1) do virtual MBIs improve sleep quality when compared with control groups; (2) does the effect persist long-term; and (3) is the virtual delivery method equally feasible compared to the in-person delivery method?

Recent Findings
Findings suggest that virtual MBIs are equivalent to evidence-based treatments, and to a limited extent, more effective than non-specific active controls at reducing some aspects of sleep disturbance. Overall, virtual MBIs are more effective at improving sleep quality than usual care controls and waitlist controls. Studies provide preliminary evidence that virtual MBIs have a long-term effect on sleep quality. Moreover, while virtual MBI attrition rates are comparable to in-person MBI attrition rates, intervention adherence may be compromised in the virtual delivery method.

Summary
This review highlights virtual MBIs as a potentially effective alternative to managing sleep disturbance during pandemic-related quarantine and stay-at-home periods. This is especially relevant due to barriers of accessing in-person interventions during the pandemic. Future studies are needed to explore factors that influence adherence and access to virtual MBIs, with a particular focus on diverse populations.
Intercultural Attitudes as Predictors of Student’s Prejudices Towards Refugees
Authors: Genkova Petia , Groesdonk Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the major challenges for modern western societies is the reduction of prejudice in order to achieve a sufficient level of integration of immigrants and especially refugees. The current literature thus presents a multitude of approaches to understand and reduce prejudices. Therefore, the following paper investigates the relationships between ethnic identity, acculturation attitudes, intercultural competence, and prejudice and how contact experiences shape these relationships for students in Germany with and without migration background. The results show that there is a significant relationship between prejudice and the social identity, cultural intelligence, and acculturation strategies. Furthermore, the results indicate that the experienced contact quality and quantity to refugees moderate the effect of acculturation strategies on overt prejudice and xenophobia. However, the relationship between acculturation strategies and covert prejudice is only moderated by contact quantity. Because of the relatively weak manifestations of the dependent variables in the study at hand, alternative instruments should be used for investigation. Based on the obtained results, this paper finally tries to give some guidance for the facilitation of diversity and reduction of prejudice at higher education institutions.
Varieties of dispositional essentialism about natural laws
Authors: Hirèche Salim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn important task for metaphysicians and philosophers of science is to account for laws of nature – in particular, how they distinguish themselves from ‘mere’ regularities, and the modal force they are endowed with, ‘natural necessity’. Dispositional essentialism about laws (for short: ‘essentialism’) is roughly the view that laws distinguish themselves by being grounded in the essences of natural entities (e.g. kinds, properties). This paper does not primarily concern how essentialism compares to its main rivals – Humeanism and Armstrongeanism. Rather, it distinguishes and comparatively assesses various brands of essentialism – which mainly differ as to where exactly they take laws to find their essentialistsources(e.g. in particular entities, like electrons, or in larger pluralities of entities, or in the world as a whole), and what they take to be thetargetsof laws, namely what they apply to. Yet, this internal comparison is not unrelated to the more general debate about laws: the main criteria with which I compare these essentialist views concern how they can deal with some of the main objections faced by essentialism in general (the modal status it typically attributes to laws, which some think is too strong; and its alleged incapacity to account for the most 'general' laws, like conservation laws), and how they can keep what is arguably the main intuitive advantage of essentialism over its rivals (the fact that, on this view, things “govern themselves”). Thus, the paper also concerns the relative position of essentialism in the larger debate about laws – ultimately bringing support to it.
ESMA as a Residual Lawmaker: The Political Economy and Constitutionality of ESMA’s Product Intervention Measures on Complex Financial Products
Authors: Iglesias-Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes that product intervention constitutes a form of residual lawmaking by ESMA that allows it to tackle aspects of investor protection not addressed by EU incomplete financial laws. Whilst product intervention may bring about certain advantages and may contribute to mitigating regulatory arbitrage problems, it constitutes a highly intrusive regulatory mechanism that raises important questions concerning: (a) ESMA’s rationale and motivations for its use; (b) its compliance with the EU constitutional framework; and (c) its adequacy for the regulation of complex financial products. This article addresses these questions through an analysis of the rationale and consequences of ESMA’s product intervention measures on binary options and contracts for differences of May 2018–July 2019, and of recent reforms of ESMA’s powers. It offers three main contributions to the existing literature. First, it contributes to the literature on administrative discretion and agencies’ rulemaking through an analysis of the political economy of ESMA’s deployment of product intervention powers and, also, of what this reveals about the relationships between ESMA and the EU Institutions, on the one side, and ESMA and National Competent Authorities, on the other. Second, it contributes to the literature on the constitutionality of EU agencies through an examination of the compliance of ESMA’s product intervention measures with EU constitutional law and requirements. Third, it examines whether product intervention constitutes an adequate mechanism to address problems pertaining to investor protection in complex financial products markets and, in doing so, it contributes to the scholarly discussion on complex financial products’ regulation.