bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Qingrong , Yu Yanhui , Li Jing , Nan Haoxiong , Luo Shengxu , Jia Chunman , Deng Peilin , Zhong Shengkui , Tian Xinlong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrogen energy is considered as promising renewable resource and desirable alternative to fossil fuels for future energy supply. Hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting is a green and key approach for hydrogen energy development and application, and the effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with low cost is the focus of ongoing research. Currently, noble metals‐based materials are the most effective and durable electrocatalysts for HER, while the high cost and low reserves greatly hinder their commercial applications. Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with interesting properties, such as the tunability of metal cation and interlayer anions, the adjustability of the thickness and spacing for the layers, low cost, and memory effect, have emerged as excellent electrocatalysts to enhance HER performance. Herein, the principal mechanisms and some key parameters for HER are firstly briefly introduced. Afterwards, the structural features and characteristics of LDHs are provided, and the typical design strategies to improve the HER activity of binary and ternary LDHs‐based catalysts are analyzed and discussed. In addition, the relationship between the morphology, structure, composition and involved electronic effects are focused and emphasized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of LDHs‐based catalysts for enhanced HER performance are proposed.
Competition for Hydride Between Silicon and Boron: Synthesis and Characterization of a Hydroborane‐Stabilized Silylium Ion
Authors: Gao Haopeng , Müller Robert , Irran Elisabeth , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Kaupp Martin , Oestreich Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPotent main‐group Lewis acids are capable of activating element‐hydrogen bonds. To probe the rivalry for hydride between silylium‐ and borenium‐ion centers, a neutral precursor with the hydrosilane and hydroborane units in close proximity on a naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl platform was designed. Abstraction of one hydride leads to a hydroborane‐stabilized silylium ion rather than a hydrosilane‐coordinated borenium ion paired with [B(C6F5)4]− or [HCB11Cl11]− as counteranions. Characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction supported by DFT calculations reveals a cationic, unsymmetrical open three‐center, two‐electron (3c2e) Si−H−B linkage.
Electrodeposition of Ni‐P alloy from deep eutectic solvent and its electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Lin , Sheng Shizhan , Wang Huihua , Qu Tianpeng , Hou Dong , Wang Deyong , Sheng Minqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNi‐P alloys have been successfully electrodeposited in the choline chloride and ethylene glycol with a molar proportion of 1:2(CE) electrolyte and their activities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been also evaluated. The electrodeposition of Ni‐P alloy follows a co‐deposition process, and the bulk growth of which depends on an instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control. The morphologies of Ni‐P alloys are significantly influenced by the P content, and low P content can lead to a smooth surface. As expected, Ni‐9.0 wt.% P alloy shows an impressive HER catalytic performance with a Tafel slope (b) of 72.9 mV dec−1 and an overpotential of 105 mV at 50 mA, in agreement with its large ECSA (Cdl = 3.25 mF cm−2) and small interface charge‐transfer resistance. More interestingly, Ni‐9.0 wt.% P alloy exhibits a sustainable catalytic activity toward HER after 1000 cycling test with a tiny potential decline of ~10 mV at 100 mA cm−2. Such a striking HER activity of Ni‐9.0 wt.% P alloy can be attributed to the synergistic effect among the induced active sites from lattice contraction, negatively charged P incorporation, and a mixed nanometre crystal and amorphous structure. Thus, Ni‐P alloy electrodeposited in a CE‐based electrolyte can be used as a promising electrode material with high HER activity in alkaline solutions for hydrogen production.
The changes in plant and soil C pools and their C:N stoichiometry control grassland N retention under elevated N inputs
Authors: Yang Sen , Liu Weixing , Guo Lulu , Wang Chengzhang , Deng Meifeng , Peng Ziyang , Liu Lingli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) retention is a critical ecosystem function for maintaining soil fertility and mitigating pollution caused by anthropogenic N input. However, it has not yet been elucidated how responses of plant and soil regulate ecosystem N retention. Here, we combined a 14‐year N addition experiment in a temperate steppe with a global meta‐analysis in grasslands, to assess changes in carbon (C) pool size and stoichiometric C:N ratio of plant and soil components and evaluate the contribution of each component to grassland N retention under increasing N levels. We found that N addition increased N storage in the plant pool by stimulating biomass production and reducing tissue C:N at the community level. However, the non‐random loss of forbs and legumes associated with a low C:N ratio partially offset the decline in community‐level C:N ratio, thereby diminishing the positive net effect of N enrichment on plant N storage. The observed increase in soil N storage was predominantly determined by the decrease in C:N ratio of topsoil, while no changes were detected in the subsoil. On 14‐year time scale, the upper limitation of N retention capacity in our study site was 167.02 g N/m2. Global meta‐analysis further indicated that a decade's N addition significantly increased the N storage in shoot, root and topsoil through enhancing the C pool and decreasing the C:N ratio, while did not affect those of subsoil. However, the positive correlation between the response of subsoil N storage and treatment duration further indicates that, though the accumulation of added N lagged behind that of topsoil, subsoil could play an important role in N retention on a longer time scale. Our study demonstrated that the enhanced plant productivity and altered physiological metabolism indicated by the decreased C:N ratio jointly determined grassland ecosystem N retention. The capacity of the grassland ecosystem to retain exogenous N input is limited, especially for a large amount of N input that occurs in a short period. However, in the context of chronically rising N deposition, the long‐term N retention capacity of grasslands should largely depend on the response of subsoil, especially after topsoil N is saturated.
Early detection of a tree pathogen using airborne remote sensing
Authors: Weingarten Erin , Martin Roberta E. , Hughes Richard Flint , Vaughn Nicholas R. , Shafron Ethan , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNative forests of Hawaiʻi Island are experiencing an ecological crisis in the form of Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD), a recently characterized disease caused by two fungal pathogens in the genus Ceratocystis. Since approximately 2010, this disease has caused extensive mortality of Hawaiʻi's keystone endemic tree, known as ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha). Visible symptoms of ROD include rapid browning of canopy leaves, followed by death of the tree within weeks. This quick progression leading to tree mortality makes early detection critical to understanding where the disease will move at a timescale feasible for controlling the disease. We used repeat laser‐guided imaging spectroscopy (LGIS) of forests on Hawaiʻi Island collected by the Global Airborne Observatory (GAO) in 2018 and 2019 to derive maps of foliar trait indices previously found to be important in distinguishing between ROD‐infected and healthy ʻōhiʻa canopies. Data from these maps were used to develop a prognostic indicator of tree stress prior to the visible onset of browning. We identified canopies that were green in 2018, but became brown in 2019 (defined as “to become brown”; TBB), and a corresponding set of canopies that remained green. The data mapped in 2018 showed separability of foliar trait indices between TBB and green ʻōhiʻa, indicating early detection of canopy stress prior to the onset of ROD. Overall, a combination of linear and non‐linear analyses revealed canopy water content (CWC), foliar tannins, leaf mass per area (LMA), phenols, cellulose, and non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are primary drivers of the prognostic spectral capability which collectively result in strong consistent changes in leaf spectral reflectance in the near‐infrared (700–1300 nm) and shortwave‐infrared regions (1300–2500 nm). Results provide insight into the underlying foliar traits that are indicative of physiological responses of M. polymorpha trees infected with Ceratocycstis and suggest that imaging spectroscopy is an effective tool for identifying trees likely to succumb to ROD prior to the onset of visible symptoms.
EcoDiet: A hierarchical Bayesian model to combine stomach, biotracer, and literature data into diet matrix estimation
Authors: Hernvann Pierre‐Yves , Gascuel Didier , Kopp Dorothée , Robert Marianne , Rivot Etienne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough quantifying trophic interactions is a critical path to understanding and forecasting ecosystem functioning, fitting trophic models to field data remains challenging. It requires flexible statistical tools to combine different sources of information from the literature and fieldwork samples. We present EcoDiet, a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework to simultaneously estimate food‐web topology and diet composition of all consumers in the food web, by combining (1) a priori knowledge from the literature on both food‐web topology and diet proportions; (2) stomach content analyses, with frequencies of prey occurrence used as the primary source of data to update the prior knowledge on the topological food‐web structure; (3) and biotracers data through a mixing model (MM). Inferences are derived in a Bayesian probabilistic rationale that provides a formal way to incorporate prior information and quantifies uncertainty around both the topological structure of the food web and the dietary proportions. EcoDiet was implemented as an open‐source R package, providing a user‐friendly interface to execute the model, as well as examples and guidelines to familiarize with its use. We used simulated data to demonstrate the benefits of EcoDiet and how the framework can improve inferences on diet matrix by comparison with classical network MM. We applied EcoDiet to the Celtic Sea ecosystem, and showed how combining multiple data types within an integrated approach provides a more robust and holistic picture of the food‐web topology and diet matrices than the literature or classical MM approach alone. EcoDiet has the potential to become a reference method for building diet matrices as a preliminary step of ecosystem modeling and to improve our understanding of prey–predator interactions.
Diabetes and pre‐diabetes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Jackson Alice M. , Rørth Rasmus , Liu Jiankang , Kristensen Søren Lund , Anand Inder S. , Claggett Brian L. , Cleland John G.F. , Chopra Vijay K. , Desai Akshay S. , Ge Junbo , Gong Jianjian , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Martinez Felipe , Packer Milton , Pfeffer Marc A. , Pieske Burkert , Redfield Margaret M. , Rizkala Adel R. , Rouleau Jean L. , Seferović Petar M. , Tromp Jasper , Van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Yilmaz Mehmet B. , Zannad Faiez , Zile Michael R. , Køber Lars , Petrie Mark C. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. ,   PARAGON‐HF Committees and Investigators
Published: December 2021

AimThere is an association between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and insulin resistance, but less is known about the diabetic continuum, and in particular about pre‐diabetes, in HFpEF. We examined characteristics and outcomes of participants with diabetes or pre‐diabetes in PARAGON‐HF.Methods and resultsPatients aged ≥50 years with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45%, structural heart disease and elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were eligible. Patients were classified according to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): (i) normal HbA1c, <6.0%; (ii) pre‐diabetes, 6.0%–6.4%; (iii) diabetes, ≥6.5% or history of diabetes. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death and total heart failure hospitalizations (HFH). Of 4796 patients, 50% had diabetes and 18% had pre‐diabetes. Compared to patients with normal HbA1c, patients with pre‐diabetes and diabetes more often were obese, had a history of myocardial infarction and had lower Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, while patients with diabetes had more clinical evidence of congestion, but similar NT‐proBNP concentrations. The risks of the primary composite outcome (rate ratio [RR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.88), total HFH (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39–2.02) and CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.07–1.71) were higher among patients with diabetes, compared to those with normal HbA1c. Patients with pre‐diabetes had a higher risk (which was intermediate between that of patients with diabetes and those with normal HbA1c) of the primary outcome (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00–1.60) and HFH (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.77), but not of CV death (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.75–1.40). Patients with diabetes treated with insulin had worse outcomes than those not, and those with ‘lean diabetes’ had similar mortality rates to those with a higher body mass index, but lower rates of HFH.ConclusionPre‐diabetes is common in patients with HFpEF and is associated with worse clinical status and greater risk of HFH. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01920711.
Ensemble learning‐based modeling and short‐term forecasting algorithm for time series with small sample
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ren Gang , Liu Xiaojie , Gao Guanglan , Zhu Mingdong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to missing data or a short sensing period, only a minimal amount of data can be captured in some IoT cases. Making accurate time series predictions with tiny samples is a huge task. To address this problem, this article proposes a time series modeling and prediction method based on gradient boosting. Our ensemble model is obtained by iteratively combining a set of simple learners. Each iteration inputs only part of the external attributes, thus solving the dimensional disaster problem. Simple learners are selected based on the attributes of the current input and can benefit from the researcher's expertise. In short‐term forecasting of electricity consumption, our method's average and maximum relative errors are 2.72% and 5.30%, respectively, which is much better than the reference approach.
Effects of Avian Eggshell Oiling With Diluted Bitumen Show Sublethal Embryonic Polycyclic Aromatic Compound Exposure
Authors: King Mason D. , Elliott John E. , Marlatt Vicki , Crump Doug , Idowu Ifeoluwa , Wallace Sarah J. , Tomy Gregg T. , Williams Tony D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Breeding birds that become oiled may contaminate the shells of their eggs, and studies of conventional crude oil suggest that even small quantities can be absorbed through the eggshell and cause embryotoxicity. Unconventional crude oils remain untested, so we evaluated whether a major Canadian oil sands product, diluted bitumen (dilbit), would be absorbed and cause toxicity when applied to eggshells of two species, domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and double-crested cormorant (Nannopterum auritum). We artificially incubated eggs and applied lightly weathered dilbit (Cold Lake blend) to the eggshells (0.015–0.15 mg g−1 egg in chicken; 0.1–0.4 mg g−1 egg in cormorant) at various points during incubation before sampling prehatch embryos. Polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) residue in cormorant embryos was elevated only at the highest dilbit application (0.4 mg g−1 egg) closest (day 16) to sampling on day 22. In contrast, cormorant liver cytochrome P450 1a4 (Cyp1a4) mRNA expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay) was elevated only in embryos treated with the earliest and lowest dilbit application (0.1 mg g−1 egg on day 4). These results confirm that dilbit can cross through the eggshell and be absorbed by embryos, and they imply rapid biotransformation of PACs and a nonmonotonic Cyp1a4 response. Despite evidence of exposure in cormorant, we found no detectable effects on the frequency of survival, deformity, and gross lesions, nor did we find effects on physiological endpoints indicative of growth and cardiovascular function in either chicken or cormorant. In ovo dilbit exposure may be less toxic than well-studied conventional crude oils. The effects of an oil spill scenario involving dilbit to bird embryos might be subtle, and PACs may be rapidly metabolized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:159–174. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Conventional crude oils that may contact the avian eggshell can cause embryotoxicity in very small amounts, so we conducted an egg oiling experiment with diluted bitumen, an increasingly common type of unconventional crude oil, to assess whether applications to the eggshell result in embryonic exposure and adverse effects. Cyp1a4 = cytochrome P450 1a4; PAC = polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Concentrations and Toxic Implications of Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Samples from Electrical Power Stations in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Folarin Bilikis T. , Abdallah Mohamed , Oluseyi Temilola O. , Harrad Stuart , Olayinka Kehinde O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are ubiquitous chemicals which mediate toxicity in a way similar to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. In silico modeling was used to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of eight dioxin-like PCBs in soil samples of 12 power stations in Lagos, Nigeria. Concentrations of Σdl-PCB8 in soil samples ranged from 490 to 61,000 pg g−1, with mean concentrations of 17,000 pg g−1. The corresponding toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of Ʃdl-PCB8 ranged from 0.01 to 450 pg TEQ g−1, with a mean value of 42 pg TEQ g−1. Mean TEQ concentrations for Ʃdl-PCB8 in soil samples from all but one of the sites exceeded the Canadian guideline value of 4 pg TEQ g−1 and the US and German guideline values of 5–10 pg TEQ g−1. However, the TEQ concentrations obtained were all below the US action level of 1000 pg TEQ g−1. The ADMET predictions revealed that all studied dl-PCBs are inhibitors of three major isoforms (1A2, 2C9, and 2C19) of cytochrome P450 enzyme. Acute oral toxicity (median lethal dose) predictions revealed that all target dl-PCBs were class III compounds. Hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity were positive, signifying that the studied compounds all have a tendency to elicit these effects. Occupational daily TEQ exposure via soil ingestion was estimated for an average adult worker weighing 70 kg. The maximum exposure obtained was 0.14 pg TEQ kg−1 body weight day−1, which is half of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable daily intake (TDI) for dioxin-like compounds. This raises concern over the possible exceedance of the EFSA TDI for these workers if other dietary and nondietary exposure pathways and dioxin-like compounds are considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:800–809. © 2021 SETAC
The information content of the volatility index options trading volume
Authors: Gu Chen , Guo Xu , Kurov Alexander , Stan Raluca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the predictive content of the Volatility Index (VIX) options trading volume for the future dynamics of the underlying VIX index. Using a novel data set from the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we calculate the put–call ratio based on the VIX option volume initiated by buyers to open new positions. We show that the put–call ratio negatively predicts the subsequent changes in the VIX index. The predictability is stronger during periods of elevated VIX levels and for short‐dated contracts. These results support the hypothesis that informed traders use the VIX option market as a venue for their trading.
A systemic change of measure from central clearing
Authors: Hwang Injun , Kim Baeho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the systemic impact of central clearing based on a financial network model in which edge weights represent the sensitivities of one participant's failure to its counterparties' default likelihood. The reduced‐form model specifies the mechanism of systemic risk concentration under central clearing in that a central counterparty redistributes the probability mass of the systemic failure from the center of the distribution into its tail. Numerical illustrations shed light on implications for regulating the adverse dependence between risk concentration under central clearing and the resiliency of the financial system via proper margin schemes.
Toxicity of induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer: The central role of skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Lere‐Chevaleyre Alexane , Bernadach Maureen , Lambert Céline , Cassagnes Lucie , Puechmaille Mathilde , Mom Thierry , Gilain Laurent , Lapeyre Michel , Boirie Yves , Biau Julian , Saroul Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the impact of nutritional status on tolerance to induction chemotherapy by docetaxel, cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (ICT) in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsNinety‐two HNC patients were included. Toxicity was assessed according to common terminology criteria for adverse events. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, nutritional risk index (NRI), and CT scan (skeletal muscle mass index [SMI] at the first lumbar vertebral level).ResultsBefore treatment, average BMI was 22.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2, serum albumin 38.7 ± 5.8 g/L, NRI 97.6 ± 10.6, and SMI 36.4 ± 7.9 cm2/m2. After treatment, BMI was 23 ± 4.5, serum albumin 30.2 ± 7.1, and NRI 88.1 ± 9.2. During ICT, 52 (62%) patients developed at least one toxicity ≥ Grade 3. Pre‐treatment SMI was the only predictive factor of toxicity irrespective of BMI (p = 0.04).ConclusionLow skeletal muscle mass is a predictive factor of toxicity to ICT in HNC.