bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressive pursuit and utilization of non‐ideal donor lungs does not compromise post‐lung transplant survival
Authors: Halpern Samantha E. , Jawitz Oliver K. , Raman Vignesh , Choi Ashley Y. , Haney John C. , Klapper Jacob A. , Hartwig Matthew G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrgan procurement organizations (OPOs) vary in willingness to pursue and utilize non‐ideal donor lungs; implications of these practices for lung transplant (LTx) recipients remain unclear. We examined associations between OPO‐level behavior toward non‐ideal donors and post‐LTx outcomes.MethodsAdult lung donors and corresponding adult first‐time LTx recipients in the 2008–2019 UNOS registry were included. Non‐ideal donors had any of age > 50, smoking history ≥20 pack‐years, PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤350, donation after circulatory death, or increased risk status. OPOs were classified as least, moderately, or most aggressive based on non‐ideal donor pursuit, consent attainment, lung recovery, and transplantation. Post‐transplant outcomes were compared among aggressiveness strata.ResultsOf 22,795 recipients, 6229 (27.3%), 8256 (36.2%), and 8310 (36.5%) received lungs from least, moderately, and most aggressive OPOs, respectively. Moderately aggressive OPOs had the highest recipient rates of pre‐discharge acute rejection, grade 3 primary graft dysfunction, postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and longest lengths of stay. After adjustment, moderately and most aggressive OPOs had similar risks of recipient mortality as least aggressive OPOs.ConclusionsThe most and least aggressive OPOs achieve similar patient survival and short‐term post‐LTx outcomes. Aggressive pursuit and utilization of non‐ideal donor lungs by less aggressive OPOs would likely expand the donor pool, without compromising recipient outcomes.
Indolent CD8+ primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma involving the eyelid of an adolescent
Authors: Minzenmayer Andrew N. , Taylor Kirby , Housewright Chad D. , Bicknell Lindsay M. , Hendrick Sophia J. , Tsai Jonathan H. , Siref Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary cutaneous acral CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma (PCACTL) is currently a provisional entity defined as a rare cutaneous proliferation of atypical CD8+ lymphocytes that preferentially involves acral sites and has a good prognosis. We present a case of primary cutaneous CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma involving the eyelid of an adolescent male. The case shares features with PCACTL, including indolent clinical behavior and expression of CD68 in a Golgi‐associated dot‐like pattern; however, other features differ significantly from PCACTL as currently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). These features include ulceration, expression of CD56, granzyme B, and perforin, and a high proliferative index. Given these discrepancies, our case is currently best classified as a CD8+ primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. We review the differential diagnosis for this case and suggest expanding the definition of PCACTL.
More evidence on the impact of government social protection in sub‐Saharan Africa: Ghana, Malawi, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Handa Sudhanshu , Otchere Frank , Sirma Paul ,   the Evaluation Study Team
Published: July 2021

SummaryMotivationGovernments in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) have rapidly expanded cash transfer programmes as part of their social protection strategy over the last decade. Currently 46 countries have a state‐sponsored social protection programme, compared to just 25 countries in 2005, with the most common type of programme being cash transfers, representing 51% of all social protection spending in the region.PurposeWe present evidence on the overall impacts of state‐sponsored cash transfer programmes in SSA, using data from three impact evaluations of government programmes. All three programmes were a key component of the poverty reduction strategy of the respective governments at the time of the evaluations.Methods and approachWe show impacts across nine broad domains including both protection, production and human development, using baseline and follow‐up household surveys on Treatment and Control groups. We relate the pattern of impacts to programme design parameters to further understand the constraints faced by ultra‐poor rural households.FindingsAll three programmes have strong effects on their primary objective—food security or food consumption, as well as on secondary objectives that include livelihood strengthening and children’s well‐being. The largest and most consistent impacts occur in Malawi, where transfer values are in line with international best practice and payments were made regularly during the study period. All programmes show a positive income multiplier, with the multiplier largest in Malawi at 2.94.Policy implicationsThe overall results across three national programmes add to the growing evidence from Africa that government unconditional cash transfers have important positive effects on households, that these effects are not limited to just food security, and that programme design features influence the pattern and size of impacts. Results in this article are based on programmes that pass both criteria of implementation feasibility and political acceptability, and thus provide a more accurate reflection of what real‐world cash transfer programmes can achieve in SSA.
Benchmarking information aggregation in experimental markets
Authors: Albertazzi Andrea , Mengel Friederike , Peeters Ronald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTheoretical and experimental literature have provided mixed insights on the ability of financial markets to perfectly aggregate private information into asset prices. We conduct an experiment designed to benchmark information aggregation in markets. In our lab experiment, we randomly assign subjects to different institutional environments, either a market or a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak mechanism. We find evidence that market interaction is worse for information aggregation. The difference between the two environments is driven by price‐insensitive traders who seem unable to learn from market prices. Price‐sensitive traders, by contrast, learn equally well in both environments.
Accounting for soil architecture and microbial dynamics in microscale models: Current practices in soil science and the path ahead
Authors: Pot Valérie , Portell Xavier , Otten Wilfred , Garnier Patricia , Monga Olivier , Baveye Philippe C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacroscopic models of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover have faced difficulties in reproducing SOM dynamics or in predicting the spatial distribution of carbon stocks. These models are based on a largely inadequate linear response of soil microorganisms to bulk concentrations of nutrients and it is clear that a new approach to SOM modelling is required. Introducing explicit microbial activity and organic matter (OM) reactivity in macroscopic models represents a challenge because of the fine spatial scales at which the processes occur. To get a better grasp on interactions that take place at the microscale, a new generation of SOM models have been developed at the spatial scale of the soil microenvironments where microorganisms evolve. These models are well adapted to challenge traditional hypotheses about the influence of soil architecture on soil microbial activity. Soil architecture provides the stage for a dynamic spatial accessibility of resources to microbes and the emergence of interactions between the actors in SOM decomposition. In this context, we review microscale models of microbial activity that have been designed for soils and soil analogues. To understand how these models account for spatial accessibility, we look in detail at how soil microenvironments are described in the different approaches and how microbial colonies are spatialized in these microenvironments. We present the advantages and disadvantages of the developed strategies and we discuss their limits.HighlightsWe review the state of the art in the development of microscale models of soil microbial processes.Microscale models have integrated the tremendous progress in knowledge of OM cycling in soils.We categorize modelling approaches by how they deal with complexity of soil architecture.Modelling benchmarks are required to properly balance complexity and data uncertainty.
Grazer behaviour can regulate large‐scale patterning of community states
Authors: Karatayev Vadim A. , Baskett Marissa L. , Kushner David J. , Shears Nick T. , Caselle Jennifer E. , Boettiger Carl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEcosystem patterning can arise from environmental heterogeneity, biological feedbacks that produce multiple persistent ecological states, or their interaction. One source of feedbacks is density‐dependent changes in behaviour that regulate species interactions. By fitting state‐space models to large‐scale (~500 km) surveys on temperate rocky reefs, we find that behavioural feedbacks best explain why kelp and urchin barrens form either reef‐wide patches or local mosaics. Best‐supported models in California include feedbacks where starvation intensifies grazing across entire reefs create reef‐scale, alternatively stable kelp‐ and urchin‐dominated states (32% of reefs). Best‐fitting models in New Zealand include the feedback of urchins avoiding dense kelp stands that can increase abrasion and predation risk, which drives a transition from shallower urchin‐dominated to deeper kelp‐dominated zones, with patchiness at 3–8 m depths with intermediate wave stress. Connecting locally studied processes with region‐wide data, we highlight how behaviour can explain community patterning and why some systems exhibit community‐wide alternative stable states.
Phenological traits foster persistence of mutualistic networks by promoting facilitation
Authors: Duchenne François , Fontaine Colin , Teulière Elsa , Thébault Elisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMorphological and phenological traits are key determinants of the structure of mutualistic networks. Both traits create forbidden links, but phenological traits can also decouple interaction in time. While such difference likely affects the indirect effects among species and consequently network persistence, it remains overlooked. Here, using a dynamic model, we show that networks structured by phenology favour facilitation over competition within guilds of pollinators and plants, thereby increasing network persistence, while the contrary holds for networks structured by morphology. We further show that such buffering of competition by phenological traits mostly beneficiate to specialists, the most vulnerable species otherwise, which propagate the most positive effects within guilds and promote nestedness. Our results indicate that beyond trophic mismatch, phenological shifts such as those induced by climate change are likely to affect indirect effects within mutualistic assemblages, with consequences for biodiversity.
Trends in dentate status and preventive dental visits of the adult population in Denmark over 30 years (1987–2017)
Authors: Petersen Poul Erik , Davidsen Michael , Rosendahl Jensen Heidi , Ekholm Ola , Illemann Christensen Anne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzed the trend in self‐reported dentate status over 30 years (1987–2017) among Danish adults, the self‐reported frequencies of preventive dental visits undertaken annually during the period 1987–2013, and the self‐reported use of the 2016 recall scheme for preventive dental check‐ups. The impact of social determinants (education, employment, civil status, and ethnic background) on these dental outcome variables in 2017 was explored. Questionnaire data were obtained from the Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys conducted from 1987–2017, and they were analyzed by tri‐variate frequency distributions and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of complete tooth loss was 17.7% in 1987 but 3.4% in 2017. The frequency of adults having 20 or more teeth grew markedly from 1987 (65.9%) to 2017 (85.1%). Educational inequality in dentate status persisted over the period. The frequency of preventive dental visits at least annually increased from 1987 to 2013, although visits were less frequent for young people. In 2017, preventive dental check‐ups were reported in intervals: less than 12 months (56.4%), 12–18 months (18.9%), 19–24 months (4.8%), and more than 24 months (5.2%). In 2017, dentate status and preventive dental check‐ups varied profoundly by social determinants. In conclusion, social policies should be implemented to tackle the persistent inequities in dentate status and public health policies should target Universal Health Coverage.
LncRNA MSC‐AS1 motivates the development of melanoma by binding to miR‐302a‐3p and recruiting IGF2BP2 to elevate LEF1 expression
Authors: Ma Yan , Jin Yuanyuan , Li Can , Liu Yilun , Wang Dehuai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelanoma is considered as the most common malignancy among skin cancers. The roles of many long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been clearly identified in multiple tumors. Nevertheless, lncRNA MSC antisense RNA 1 (MSC‐AS1) has not been deeply investigated melanoma. In the present study, RT‐qPCR and western blot analyses were used to measure the expression of RNAs and proteins. Functional and in vivo assays were implemented to detect the function of genes in melanoma. RNA pull‐down, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were applied for determining interactions between RNA and protein molecules. It was observed that MSC‐AS1 and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) were remarkably up‐regulated while microRNA‐302a‐3p (miR‐302a‐3p) down‐regulated in melanoma cell lines. The silencing of MSC‐AS1 hindered cell proliferation, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, MSC‐AS1 regulated LEF1 expression through sponging miR‐302a‐3p and recruiting insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). Eventually, LEF1 overexpression rescued cell progression impaired by MSC‐AS1 knock‐down. In summary, our research identified the MSC‐AS1/miR‐302a‐3p/IGF2BP2/LEF1 axis in melanoma development, which indicated that MSC‐AS1 is a potential biomarker in the treatment of melanoma.
N2 and N2O mitigation potential of replacing maize with the perennial biomass crop Silphium perfoliatum—An incubation study
Authors: Kemmann Björn , Wöhl Lena , Fuß Roland , Schrader Stefan , Well Reinhard , Ruf Thorsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSustainability of biogas production is strongly dependent on soil‐borne greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during feedstock cultivation. Maize (Zea mays) is the most common feedstock for biogas production in Europe. Since it is an annual crop requiring high fertilizer input, maize cropping can cause high GHG emissions on sites that, due to their hydrology, have high N2O emission potential. On such sites, cultivation of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) as a perennial crop could be a more environmentally friendly alternative offering versatile ecosystem services. To evaluate the possible benefits of perennial cup plant cropping on GHG emissions and nitrogen losses, an incubation study was conducted with intact soil cores from a maize field and a cup plant field. The 15N gas flux method was used to quantify N source‐specific N2 and N2O fluxes. Cumulated N2O emissions and N2+N2O emissions did not differ significantly between maize and cup plant soils, but tended to be higher in maize soil. Soils from both systems exhibited relatively high and similar N2O/(N2+N2O) ratios (N2Oi). N2O emissions originating from sources other than the 15N‐labelled NO3 pool were low, but were the only fluxes exhibiting a significant difference between the maize and cup plant soils. Missing differences in fluxes derived from the 15N pool indicate that under the experimental conditions with high moisture and level, and without plants, the cropping system had little effect on N fluxes related to denitrification. Lower soil pH and higher bulk density in the cup plant soil are likely to have reduced the mitigation potential of perennial biomass cropping.
A novel biofilm removal approach (Guided Biofilm Therapy) utilizing erythritol air‐polishing and ultrasonic piezo instrumentation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vouros Ioannis , Antonoglou Georgios N. , Anoixiadou Styliani , Kalfas Sotirios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of biofilm removal of a treatment protocol combining an air‐abrasive device using erythritol powder (AIRFLOW®) and an ultrasonic piezon instrumentation (Guided Biofilm Therapy/GBT) compared with the conventional mechanical approach (Scaling and Root Planing/SRP) during supportive periodontal treatment (SPT).Materials and MethodsFifty patients, scheduled for supportive periodontal treatment at the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki were randomly assigned to either a GBT (group A: 24 participants) or a SRP (Group B: 26 participants) treatment protocol. Therapeutic interventions and clinical measurements were performed at baseline and repeated at 6 weeks. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced at each visit. A questionnaire was handed to the participants for evaluation of patient perception of both utilized approaches.ResultsAt 6 weeks, the two groups showed statistically significant reduction in plaque score and in gingival bleeding index compared with baseline. GBT required approximately 15% less chair‐time than SRP with a mean difference of 5.1 min, which was statically significant (p = 0.049). Patient perception was more favourable for GBT than SRP.ConclusionsBiofilm removal using erythritol AIRFLOW® and ultrasonic piezo‐electric instruments (GBT) can be considered equally efficient compared with the conventional SRP. Moreover, GBT seemed to require shorter treatment time and to exhibit a more favourable patient perception than the conventional approach.
Does online chatter matter for consumer behaviour? A priming experiment on organic food
Authors: Danner Hannah , Thøgersen John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsumers are increasingly sharing their opinions on societal issues and products online. We studied the implications of such online word‐of‐mouth for consumer judgement and decision‐making. The case used is organic food, which is the most successful among the currently emerging, sustainability‐differentiated food product categories. We first analysed the online discussion on organic food by conducting a text‐mining study of reader comments (N = 63,379) from the comments section of a major German online news outlet. Topics therein are discussed with differing frequency, thereby indicating the salience of the various issues to online readers and consumers. One organic food topic of high salience (animal welfare) and one of low salience (biodiversity) were selected to investigate the behavioural relevance of salient online topics in a subsequent priming experiment (online survey of German consumers; N = 1,118). In particular, we tested whether the relative online salience of the two topics used as primes influenced the likelihood of choosing organic instead of conventional eggs and milk in a choice experiment and the acceptance of policies supporting organic farming. Although ineffective for the choice of milk, the priming worked as hypothesized regarding the choice of eggs and policy acceptance. Priming the topic with high online salience is more effective at promoting pro‐organic behaviour than priming the topic with low online salience. Priming effects also depended on prime strength, attitude strength and experience with buying organic food. We discuss how insights from text mining of online word‐of‐mouth can be employed to promote sustainable consumption behaviour.
In vitrodissolution of bioactive glass S53P4 microspheres
Authors: Sinitsyna Polina , Karlström Oskar , Hupa Leena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStatic and dynamic in vitro dissolution studies showed large differences for various size‐fractions of non‐porous, flame‐sprayed commercial microspheres (45–500 µm) of bioactive glass S53P4. The smaller the spheres, the more their composition deviated from the nominal glass. The dissolution studies were carried out in simulated body fluid and tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer for seven days. The ion concentrations in solutions were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and the pH was measured as a function of time. Also, changes in the sphere size distribution and mass losses were determined. The calcium phosphate and the silica‐rich layers at the sphere surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy after several immersion times. The smallest (45–90 µm) spheres appeared almost inert. In contrast, typical silica‐rich and calcium phosphate layers were identified at the largest spheres after three days of static and dynamic dissolutions. During the past years, bioactive glass microspheres have been added to paste‐like injectable bone grafting materials, putties to enhance their molding properties. The obtained results provide a better understanding of the dissolution patterns of bioactive glass microspheres.
Big, flightless, insular and dead: Characterising the extinct birds of the Quaternary
Authors: Fromm Amir , Meiri Shai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimBirds have recently undergone a major extinction event which apparently is ongoing. According to some estimates, humans have caused the extinction of up to 20% of the entire avian species diversity since the latter part of the Pleistocene. Few attempts, however, were made to determine how many extinctions are actually known, rather than projected to have occurred. We aimed to quantify the known avian extinctions and assess the relevance of factors thought to have promoted their extinctions, that is, large size, flightlessness and insularity.LocationGlobal.TaxonAves.Materials and MethodsWe collected data on bird extinctions from the literature. We recorded the geographic range, flight ability and body size of each species. If mass data were unavailable, we estimated them from linear measurements using machine learning tools. We modelled masses of extinct birds on those of extant ones and estimated the effects of taxonomy, body mass, insularity and flight ability.ResultsWe have identified 469 species of birds that humans, directly or indirectly, drove to extinction. These extinctions have predominantly occurred on islands. Extinct birds were often flightless. We estimated the body mass of 291 extinct species and found that overall, the median mass of extinct species was seven times larger than that of extant ones. Extinctions mostly occurred in families of large‐bodied birds, whilst lineages of small birds have fared better. Insular birds are overall larger than mainland birds, a trend that becomes even more evident when the extinct forms are analyzed. However, within lineages, sizes are only slightly larger on islands than on continents.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that extinct bird species differed from extant birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often flightless. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically related declines. Our modern understanding of birds is skewed with respect to the nature of avian faunas that existed before the current wave of human‐induced extinctions changed our world forever.