bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chicago Classification Update (v4.0): Technical review on diagnostic criteria for hypercontractile esophagus
Authors: Chen Joan W. , Savarino Edoardo , Smout André , Xiao Yinglian , de Bortoli Nicola , Yadlapati Rena , Cock Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypercontractile esophagus (HE), defined by the Chicago Classification version 3.0 (CCv3.0) as 20% or more hypercontractile peristalsis (Distal Contractile Integral >8000 mmHg·s·cm) on high‐resolution manometry (HRM), is a heterogeneous disorder with variable clinical presentations and natural course, leading to management challenges. An update on the diagnostic criteria for clinically relevant HE was needed. Literature on HE was extensively reviewed by the HE subgroup of the Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0) Working Group and statements relating to the diagnosis of HE were ranked according to the RAND UCLA Appropriateness methodology by the Working Group, and the quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. An overall emphasis of the CCv4.0 is on clinically relevant esophageal dysmotility, and thus it is recommended that an HE diagnosis requires both conclusive manometric diagnosis and clinically relevant symptoms of dysphagia and non‐cardiac chest pain. The Working Group also recognized the subtypes of HE, including single‐peaked, multi‐peaked contractions (Jackhammer esophagus), and hypercontractile lower esophageal sphincter. However, there are no compelling data currently for formally subdividing HE to these subgroups in clinical practice.
Seedling developmental defects upon blocking CINNAMATE‐4‐HYDROXYLASE are caused by perturbations in auxin transport
Authors: El Houari Ilias , Van Beirs Caroline , Arents Helena E. , Han Huibin , Chanoca Alexandra , Opdenacker Davy , Pollier Jacob , Storme Véronique , Steenackers Ward , Quareshy Mussa , Napier Richard , Beeckman Tom , Friml Jiří , De Rybel Bert , Boerjan Wout , Vanholme Bartel 
Published: March 2021

Summary

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved in diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the pathway is incorporated into lignin. Although several phenylpropanoid pathway mutants show seedling growth arrest, the role for lignin in seedling growth and development is unexplored.

We use complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE‐4‐HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality in Arabidopsis seedlings and a set of molecular and biochemical techniques to investigate the underlying phenotypes.

Blocking C4H resulted in reduced lateral rooting and increased adventitious rooting apically in the hypocotyl. These phenotypes coincided with an inhibition in AUX transport. The upstream accumulation in cis‐cinnamic acid was found to be likely to cause polar AUX transport inhibition. Conversely, a downstream depletion in lignin perturbed phloem‐mediated AUX transport. Restoring lignin deposition effectively reestablished phloem transport and, accordingly, AUX homeostasis.

Our results show that the accumulation of bioactive intermediates and depletion in lignin jointly cause the aberrant phenotypes upon blocking C4H, and demonstrate that proper deposition of lignin is essential for the establishment of AUX distribution in seedlings. Our data position the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin in a new physiological framework, consolidating their importance in plant growth and development.
Histochemical localization of putative stem cells in irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhou Caixia , Tong Xueying , Li Shue , Liu Jiarong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur study aimed to observe the distribution of putative stem cells in irreversible pulpitis and to investigate the expression of specific molecules.Subjects and MethodsExtracted third molar teeth were collected and divided into two groups: the normal pulp group and inflamed pulp group. Real‐time PCR was applied to detect the expression of several embryonic and dentinogenic genes. The expression of mesenchymal cell markers (STRO‐1, CD90, and CD146) and stromal cell‐derived factor 1α (SDF‐1α)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) proteins was examined by immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsThe expression levels of most embryonic and dentinogenic genes were not statistically different between the two groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in inflamed pulp, cells with positive expression for STRO‐1, CD90, and CD146 mainly resided in two specific niches, both adjacent to inflammatory sites: one in the pulp core and another in the odontoblast layer. SDF‐1α‐ and CXCR4‐positive cells were significantly correlated with STRO‐1‐positive cells. Double immunofluorescence analysis indicated that STRO‐1‐positive cells overlapped with SDF‐1α‐ and CXCR4‐positive cells near the inflammatory site.ConclusionsThis study gave a direct observation of putative stem cells distributed in irreversible pulpitis and implied a role of SDF‐1α/CXCR4 signaling in stem cell‐based therapies for reparative dentinogenesis.
Genetic diversity and association of yield‐related traits in sesame
Authors: Teklu Desawi H. , Shimelis Hussein , Tesfaye Abush , Mashilo Jacob 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe extent of phenotypic variation among Sesame germplasm influences the expression of economic traits and the response to selection. The objective of this study was to determine the variance components, heritability (H2) and association of seed and oil yield‐related traits in Ethiopian sesame germplasm to guide breeding. One hundred sesame germplasm were evaluated under field conditions in two locations in a 10 x 10 lattice design with two replications. The findings revealed higher genotypic coefficient of variation, H2, and genetic advance for number of primary branches (NPB), number of secondary branches (NSB), thousand seed weight (TSW), seed yield per hectare (SYH) and oil yield per hectare (OYH), suggesting high genetic gains can be achieved through selection. Higher direct effects of OYH and NSPC were recorded on SYH, while SYH, NCPP and TSW had higher direct effect on OYH. The genotypes Hirhir Kebabo Hairless‐9, Setit‐3, Orofalc ACC‐2, Hirhir Humera Sel‐6, Setit‐1 and ACC‐NS‐007(2) were found superior and the selected genotypes should promote for further field stability evaluation, which might be utilized in future sesame breeding programmes and production.
Assessment of hepatic artery anatomy in pediatric liver transplant recipients: MR angiography versus CT angiography
Authors: Verhagen Martijn V. , Dikkers Riksta , de Kleine Ruben H. , Kwee Thomas C. , van der Doef Hubert P. J. , de Haas Robbert J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring LT screening, children undergo CTA to determine hepatic artery anatomy. However, CTA imparts radiation, unlike MRA. The aim was to compare MRA to CTA in assessing hepatic artery anatomy in pediatric LT recipients. Twenty‐one children (median age 8.9 years) who underwent both CTA and fl3D‐ce MRA before LT were retrospectively included. Interreader variability between 2 radiologists, image quality, movement artifacts, and confidence scores, were used to compare MRA to CTA. Subgroup analyses for ages <6 years and ≥6 years were performed. Interreader variability for MRA and CTA in children <6 years was comparable (k = 0.839 and k = 0.757, respectively), while in children ≥6 years CTA was superior to MRA (k 1.000 and k 0.000, respectively). Overall image quality and confidence scores of CTA were significantly higher compared to MRA at all ages (2.8/3 vs. 2.3/3, p = .001; and 2.9/3 vs. 2.5/3, p = .003, respectively). Movement artifacts were significantly lower in CTA compared to MRA in children ≥6 years (1.0/3 vs. 1.7/3, p = .010, respectively). CTA is preferred over fl3D‐ce MRA for the preoperative assessment of hepatic artery anatomy in children receiving LT, both at ages <6 years and ≥6 years.
Experience with UV‐C Air Disinfection in Some Russian Hospitals†
Authors: Volchenkov Grigory 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the environmental control measure of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for disinfection has not been widely used in the United States and some parts of the world in the past few decades, this technology has been well applied in Russia. UVGI technology has been particularly useful with regard to limiting TB transmission in medical facilities. There is good evidence that UV‐C (180−280 nm) air disinfection can be a helpful intervention in reducing transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Amelioration of short‐term drought stress during different growth stages in Brassica juncea by rhizobacteria mediated maintenance of ROS homeostasis
Authors: Asha Arambam Devi , Nivetha Nagarajan , Krishna Gopinathan Kumar , Thakur Jyoti Kumar , Rathi Maheshwar Singh , Manjunatha Booragamakalapalli Subbarappa , Chinnusamy Vishwanathan , Paul Sangeeta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present investigation, the role of rhizobacteria in alleviating the deleterious effects of drought on mustard was assessed. The plants were exposed to short‐term water shortages, during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Drought stress in both stages had a negative effect on growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters of mustard. Both the root and shoot biomass were significantly reduced in plants exposed to drought, but rhizobacterial inoculation resulted in better plant biomass than uninoculated plants. The ameliorative effects of inoculation were also indicated by improved relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic parameters. Similarly, inoculation resulted in enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase in both stages of growth which possibly increased stress tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. There was a significant reduction in the accumulation of H2O2, proline and total soluble sugar in rhizobacteria treated plants under drought, suggesting that the treated plants did not encounter much stress and could maintain better plant health than uninoculated plants. Expression analysis of the BjP5CSB and BjFeSOD genes was conducted during both the growth stages. Expression of the BjP5CSB gene was significantly down‐regulated in inoculated plants under drought, while BjFeSOD gene transcript levels were upregulated. The vegetative stage was more responsive to rhizobacterial inoculations than the reproductive stage under drought. Principal component analysis indicated a differential response by the two growth stages to inoculation. Hence, results indicate that these rhizobacteria reduce the negative impacts of drought in mustard by maintaining ROS homeostasis.
An Institutional Analysis of TMP Regulation in India
Authors: Menon Siddhartha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study identifies the main actors in the Indian network neutrality case and explores the main formal and informal institutional arrangements that constrain and influence their agendas for traffic management practices (TMPs). The analysis applies institutional analysis to this subject matter. This study identifies the formal institutional arrangements such as licenses for ISPs and informal institutional arrangements manifesting in practices to block websites and applications, throttle this content, and engage in preferential treatment.
Adult playfulness: An update on an understudied individual differences variable and its role in romantic life
Authors: Brauer Kay , Proyer René T. , Chick Garry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the study of individual differences in playfulness in adults; the way people frame or reframe situations in a way that they are experienced as personally interesting, and/or intellectually stimulating, and/or entertaining. In this review, we describe and discuss its role for romantic life. After a brief introduction, we will describe theoretical approaches as to why playfulness is important in romantic life (e.g., the signal theory of playfulness) and give an overview on empirical findings on assortative mating and its role in romantic relationships (e.g., for relationship satisfaction). Finally, we discuss future directions on playfulness in romantic life and singles and open research questions.
Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cytotoxic lymphocytes: A viable strategy for COVID‐19 immunosuppressed patients?
Authors: Guerreiro Manuel , Aguilar‐Gallardo Cristóbal , Montoro Juan , Francés‐Gómez Clara , Latorre Víctor , Luna Irene , Planelles Dolores , Carrasco María Paz , Gómez María Dolores , González‐Barberá Eva María , Aguado Cristina , Sempere Amparo , Solves Pilar , Gómez‐Seguí Inés , Balaguer‐Rosello Aitana , Louro Alberto , Perla Aurora , Larrea Luis , Sanz Jaime , Arbona Cristina , de la Rubia Javier , Geller Ron , Sanz Miguel Ángel , Sanz Guillermo , Luis Piñana José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCellular and humoral response to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections is on focus of research. We evaluate herein the feasibility of expanding virus‐specific T cells (VST) against SARS‐CoV‐2 ex vivo through a standard protocol proven effective for other viruses. The experiment was performed in three different donors' scenarios: (a) SARS‐CoV‐2 asymptomatic infection/negative serology, (b) SARS‐CoV‐2 symptomatic infection/positive serology, and (c) no history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection/negative serology. We were able to obtain an expanded VST product from donors 1 and 2 (1.6x and 1.8x increase of baseline VST count, respectively) consisting in CD3 + cells (80.3% and 62.7%, respectively) with CD4 + dominance (60% in both donors). Higher numbers of VST were obtained from the donor 2 as compared to donor 1. T‐cell clonality test showed oligoclonal reproducible peaks on a polyclonal background for both donors. In contrast, VST could be neither expanded nor primed in a donor without evidence of prior infection. This proof‐of‐concept study supports the feasibility of expanding ex vivo SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific VST from blood of convalescent donors. The results raise the question of whether the selection of seropositive donors may be a strategy to obtain cell lines enriched in their SARS‐CoV‐2‐specificity for future adoptive transfer to immunosuppressed patients.
Extending the post‐thaw viability of cryoprecipitate
Authors: Thomson Candice , Sobieraj‐Teague Magdalena , Scott Darren , Duncan Elizabeth , Abraham Sunil , Roxby David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryoprecipitate has a short post‐thaw expiry time of 6 h. The aim of this study was to assess the stability and function of cryoprecipitate components (FVIII, fibrinogen, vWF, and FXIII) and cryoprecipitate sterility up to 120 h post‐thawing when stored at two temperatures (2–6°C and room temperature [20–24°C]).Methods and MaterialsTwenty batches (110 individual units) of time‐expired, thawed cryoprecipitate were collected. Units were sampled at the 6‐h expiration mark and then stored at 2–6°C or room temperature (RT). They were resampled every 24 h for 120 h. One unit from each batch was sent for sterility testing at 120 h. Samples had FVIII (one stage and chromogenic), fibrinogen, FXIII, vWFag, and vWF:RCo assays performed in batches. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was also performed.ResultsFVIII levels declined significantly at 120 h post‐thawing at both RT and 2–6°C, but still met international standards for FVIII content. Fibrinogen, vWF antigen, and FXIII levels reduced minimally over 120 h and always met international standard requirements when stored at either temperature. ROTEM analysis demonstrated that fibrinogen function was not compromised at 120 h post‐thawing under both storage conditions. vWF:RCo levels declined significantly over 120 h at both storage temperatures. No bacterial contamination was detected in 20 units of cryoprecipitate following storage for 120 h post‐thawing.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that extension of the storage time of thawed cryoprecipitate to 120 h, stored at either 2–6°C or RT, is feasible while still maintaining required FVIII, fibrinogen, and vWFag levels. Storage at 2–6°C has the advantage of reduced risk of potential bacterial contamination.
Location choice determinants of Chinese and US firms in Africa: Does spatial interdependence play a role?
Authors: Lemi Adugna , Liu Liyan , Wright Ian A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn an increasingly integrated global market, the nature and extent of spatial interdependence is one key factor influencing firms’ location decisions. Spatial interdependence often manifests itself in the form of agglomeration or congestion effects, not just within a country but also in a region. Using Chinese and US overseas investment data, this study presents empirical evidence on the role that neighbouring countries (third‐country effects) play in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to a host country. The study's findings show that there is evidence of spatial interdependence both for Chinese and USA FDI flows to African countries. For both countries, the third country effects come through either explanatory variables (including market size, domestic credit, trade costs and the share of service sector), error term or the amount of FDI in neighbouring countries. The findings also show that there is more robust evidence that, unlike Chinese FDI, the US FDI takes into account the market potentials of not just a host country but also that of a neighbouring country in making investment location decisions.
Cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky: A retrospective and multicentric study (2008–2018)
Authors: Uhl Lisa K. , Henriksen Michala de Linde , Saxmose Nielsen Søren , Gemensky‐Metzler Anne J. , Sebbag Lionel , Todd Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare cataract characteristics and complications related to cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky (Huskies) versus other canine breeds (non‐Huskies).AnimalsA total of 50 Huskies (92 eyes) and 96 non‐Huskies (182 eyes) were evaluated.MethodsMedical records of Huskies (at four university veterinary hospitals, 2008–2018) and non‐Huskies (Colorado State University, 2017–2018) diagnosed with cataracts were reviewed. Age of dog, cataract stage at presentation, and pre‐ and post‐operative complications were recorded and analyzed.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) age at presentation was significantly lower in Huskies (3.5 ± 3.3 years) compared to non‐Huskies (9.5 ± 2.9 years) (p < .0001). Huskies more commonly presented with hereditary cataracts than non‐Huskies (84% versus 52%) and a significantly higher percentage of non‐Huskies presented with diabetic cataracts than Huskies (48% versus 16%;p = .0001). Cataract stage at presentation did not differ between Huskies and non‐Huskies. Phacoemulsification was performed in 40% (20 out of 50 dogs, 39 out of 92 eyes) of Huskies and 42% (40 out of 96 dogs, 74 out of 182 eyes) of non‐Huskies. Pre‐operative and post‐operative retinal detachment were more common in Huskies than non‐Huskies (13% versus 2% and 10% versus 1%, respectively) but the difference was not significant. Other post‐operative complications occurred with similar frequency in both groups (p ≥ .17).ConclusionsHuskies evaluated for cataracts were younger and less likely to present with diabetic cataracts than other canine breeds and, although not statistically significant, had a clinically important increased risk of retinal detachment pre‐ and post‐phacoemulsification.
Understanding the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in COVID‐19: preliminary guidance and practices
Authors: Patidar Gopal K. , Land Kevin J. , Vrielink Hans , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Dann Eldad J. , Al‐Humaidan Hind , Spitalnik Steven L. , Dhiman Yashaswi , So ‐ Osman Cynthia , Hindawi Salwa I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesCytokine release syndrome in COVID‐19 is due to a pathological inflammatory response of raised cytokines. Removal of these cytokines by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) prior to end‐organ damage may improve clinical outcomes. This manuscript is intended to serve as a preliminary guidance document for application of TPE in patients with severe COVID‐19.Material and methodsThe available literature pertaining to the role of TPE for treatment of COVID‐19 patients was reviewed to guide optimal management. It included indication, contraindication, optimal timing of initiation and termination of TPE, vascular access and anticoagulants, numbers and mode of procedures, outcome measures and adverse events.ResultsOut of a total of 78 articles, only 65 were directly related to the topic. From these 65, only 32 were acceptable as primary source, while 33 were used as supporting references. TPE in critically ill COVID‐19 patients may be classified under ASFA category III grade 2B. The early initiation of TPE for 1–1·5 patient’s plasma volume with fresh frozen plasma, or 4–5% albumin or COVID‐19 convalescent plasma as replacement fluids before multiorgan failure, has better chances of recovery. The number of procedures can vary from three to nine depending on patient response.ConclusionTPE in COVID‐19 patients may help by removing toxic cytokines, viral particles and/or by correcting coagulopathy or restoring endothelial membrane. Severity score (SOFA & APACHE II) and cytokine levels (IL‐6, C‐reactive protein) can be used to execute TPE therapy and to monitor response in COVID‐19 patients.
Psychosocial risk factors for increased emergency hospital utilization by sickle cell disease patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rech Jean-Simon , Getten Prunelle , Dzierzynski Nathalie , Lionnet François , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Ranque Brigitte , Steichen Olivier 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess psychosocial risk factors for increased emergency hospital utilization by sickle cell patients.

Introduction:
Emergency hospital utilization by sickle cell disease patients is high but heterogeneous between patients and in a given patient over time. Psychosocial factors affect emergency hospital utilization and are a possible target to improve the management of sickle cell disease.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include all original quantitative studies evaluating the impact of psychosocial risk factors on emergency hospital utilization by sickle cell disease patients. There will be no language restriction.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PubPsych, LiSSa, and Web of Science will be searched using a peer-reviewed search strategy. Study selection and extraction of data will be performed independently by two authors. Discrepancies will be solved by consensus or, if needed, by a third author. The authors will assess study quality, as well as perform a narrative synthesis of included studies, and where possible, meta-analyses with evaluation of heterogeneity and publication bias.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019140435.