bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why so skeptical? The role of animals in fluvial geomorphology
Authors: Rice Stephen P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite acknowledgement of zoogeomorphological impacts and a positive trajectory for biogeomorphology, the cumulative geomorphic significance of animals remains largely unknown across geomorphic scales. We do not know the proportion of erosion, transport and deposition that is mediated by animal activity in different environments and cannot answer questions like how changing animal distributions under climate change will affect sediment fluxes and landscapes? This partly reflects a healthy skepticism about the net significance of biological energy and zoogeomorphic processes when set against the orthodox assumption that geophysical energy dominates. Zoogeomorphology is regarded as a “niche” interest, or worse, as inconsequential. Drawing on examples from fluvial geomorphology, this essay challenges that skepticism with the aim of encouraging greater consideration of the relevance of coupled biomorphodynamic systems. Five assumptions that belittle the role of animals are considered: that the number of species acting as geomorphic agents is small and their abundance limited; that limited geographical extent and periods of activity preclude widespread effects; and that impacts on sediment fluxes and morphological change are insignificant. In the hope that some skepticism is overcome, four interrelated challenges for future research are outlined: empirical investigation of zoogeomorphic processes, scaling‐up process understanding, embracing new technologies and approaches, and developing suitably integrated modeling tools. Such advances, alongside a willingness to recognize coupled biomorphodynamic interactions as the norm, rather than the exception, can improve our ability to understand both geomorphological and ecological phenomena and transform our understanding of how landscapes interact with the animals that live on, and in, them.This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and AwarenessWater and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Circular RNA translation, a path to hidden proteome
Authors: Sinha Tanvi , Panigrahi Chirag , Das Debojyoti , Chandra Panda Amaresh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFunctional proteins in the cell are translated from the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, constituting less than 5% of the cellular transcriptome. The majority of the RNA molecules in the cell are noncoding RNAs, including rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, piRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, and poorly characterized circular RNAs (circRNAs). Recent studies established that circRNAs regulate gene expression by associating with RNA‐binding proteins and microRNAs. With the growing understanding of circRNA functions, a subset of circRNAs has been reported to translate into proteins. Interestingly, the presence of Open Reading Frames (ORFs), N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modifications, and internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES) in the circRNA sequences indicate their coding potential through the cap‐independent translation initiation mechanism. The purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanism of circRNA translation and the importance of circRNA‐encoded proteins (circ‐proteins) in cellular physiology and pathology. Here, we discuss the computational and molecular methods currently utilized to systematically identify translatable circRNAs and the functional characterization of the circ‐proteins. We foresee that the ongoing and future studies on circRNA translation will uncover the hidden proteome and their therapeutic implications in human health.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Translation > Mechanisms
Setting the Scene and Introduction
Authors: Hean Sarah , Kajamaa Anu , Johnsen Berit , Kloetzer Laure 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCollaborative working in the criminal justice system is complex. This introductory chapter synthesises some of its challenges and the role of innovation and organisational learning to address these. In so doing, we present the work of the COLAB consortium and its ambitions to apply theories and methods of activity systems to the field of interagency collaborations and social innovation within the criminal justice system. We explore the basic principles of these and supplementary theoretical and methodological perspectives that are treated in greater detail in later chapters of this book. We raise, in particular, issues and challenges faced in including service users’ voice in service development and innovation before exploring the concept of multivoicedness and its application. This leads to a discussion of distributed responsibility for offender rehabilitation to which many stakeholders including academic institutions should be held to account. The chapter ends with a consolidation of where we are in our current understanding of collaboration, innovation, and organisational learning in the criminal justice context and proposes ways forward.
Interprofessional Collaboration Concerning Offenders in Transition Between Mental Health and Criminal Justice Services. PINCOM Used as a Framework for HCR-20V3 Assessment
Authors: Ødegård Atle , Bjørkly Stål 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a novel framework for risk assessment and management by combining the Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model (PINCOM) and Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20, Version 3 (HCR-20V3). PINCOM was developed to identify central aspects of interprofessional collaboration, whereas HCR-20V3 is the most used instrument in risk assessment of violence worldwide. The main scope of this chapter is to introduce and discuss the feasibility of combining the two tools to enhance collaboration between service providers in the mental health and criminal justice systems. First, we describe the HCR-20V3 and suggest how parts of it can be jointly used as a tool for concrete collaboration in the practice field. Next, we present the PINCOM tool, containing a conceptual model (PINCOM) and a research methodology (PINCOM-Q). It is suggested that the HCR-20V3 serves as a meeting point between different professionals for being concrete in joint casework. PINCOM can then be used within a larger social innovation framework and as a reflective tool during or after this structured professional assessment and acting as a catalyser for constructive collaboration.
Facilitating Understanding of Ex-Prison Service Users’ Needs: The Utility of Q Method as a Means of Representing Service User Voices in Service Development
Authors: Sæbjørnsen Siv Elin Nord , Hean Sarah , Ødegård Atle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel approaches are needed if the voices of prisoners as service users are to be heard in service development and organisational learning. In this chapter we introduce Q methodology and suggest how this research method can be applied in order to reveal the views of service users in contact with the criminal justice system. We illustrate this by describing the development of a set of Q statements used to elicit the perspectives of ex-prisoners’ experiences of service provisions in an UK mentorship organisation. We discuss how Q methodology can be applied to capture ex-prison service users’ views in research, in therapy or in dialogues between service user and mentor, as well as in including service users’ voices in service development.
Do We Need the Users’ Voice? An Empirical Research Example Comparing Views of Service Providers and Ex-Prisoners: Implications for Practice
Authors: Sæbjørnsen Siv Elin Nord , Hean Sarah , Røvik Kristin , Larsen Bjørn Kjetil , Ødegård Atle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUser involvement in service development is seen as important to the credibility of these interventions but involving prisoners or ex-prisoners in this process can be problematic because of the vulnerability of this group as well as security issues. Questions arise as whether front line workers can instead reflect the perspectives of their clients accurately during service development events. Further, we query whether an alignment of perspectives is important for effective professional-prisoner relationships and offender self-efficacy when engaging in rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. To explore these questions, this chapter, in a case study third sector mentorship organisation, compares and contrasts the views of ex-prisoners and their mentors. Q methodology is employed to make this comparison. We find that mentors perspectives are most in tune with the most pessimistic perspectives of their clients: the most lonely, indigent and ill group of the exoffenders they work with. They do not share the optimistic views that characterise other groups of offenders in receipt of their service. The chapter explores the implications of these different views for exoffenders, their mentors and the participation of the offender in service innovation.
Developing a Training Programme for Collaborative Practices Between Criminal Justice and Mental Health Services: The Gap Between Intentions and Reality
Authors: Ødegård Atle , Willumsen Elisabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main aim of the present chapter is to contribute to an elaboration of central issues and possibilities for developing a training programme to improve collaboration between the criminal justice system (CJS) and mental health services (MHS). A theoretical framework rooted in social innovation (SI) and communities of practice is used to reflect upon the gap between initial plans and real time practice and the learning that took place. Three episodes from the EU funded project named COLAB are presented and analysed.
The Application of Norwegian Humane Ideals by Front-Line Workers When Collaboratively Reintegrating Inmates Back into Society
Authors: Dugdale William , Hean Sarah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to explore how the humane Norwegian policy principles and values may impact the prison-based practices and the implications of these for the collaborative work undertaken by front-line personnel. Humane traditions are considered a substantial focus of the Norwegian prison system and its policies. The approach in Norway is supported by increasing empirical evidence that shows the system to centralise the welfare of inmates. It emphasises offender rehabilitation and reintegration rather than merely punishment as a fundamental means to reduce reoffending. However, the collaborative practice that may arise as a consequence of these traditional values is underexplored. Two case studies were undertaken with front-line staff working in a Norwegian prison transitional residence (Overgangsbolig). This is the final phase of an inmate’s sentence while being reintegrated back into society. The study found that staff in their collaborative working practices adhered either to the aim of normalising the lives of their inmates after long periods of incarceration (normalisation ideals) or reparative ideals that reflected the system’s humane focus on rehabilitation and reintegration takes precedence over punishment. We conclude that irrespective of differing professional disciplines, there seems to be compatibility between the overarching principles and values of penal policy and front-line ideals to promote collaborative practices at the reintegrative phase of the Norwegian prison system. The shared application of these humane ideals promoted collaborative practice among the front-line workforce while focusing upon the provision of welfare to inmates and their impending reintegration back into society.
Facilitation of Developmental Tasks in Prisons: Applying the Method of Human-Centred Co-evaluation
Authors: Seppänen Laura , Heikkilä Heli , Kajamaa Anu , Lahtinen Päivikki , Ylisassi Hilkka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCollaboration and learning are especially needed in times of change in the workplace. This chapter describes a novel method for developing work practices and enhancing professionals’ proactiveness through collective, participatory experimentation and evaluation. We used the method in a low-security closed prison in Finland to advance prison staff’s rehabilitation work with prisoners. The design, implementation and evaluation of the innovations prison officers introduced to advance their work (recording the inmates’ behaviour and needs into their sentence plans) are illustrated. Besides describing how the method was applied in practice, we also identify and discuss the gaps within prison work where there are opportunities for organisational learning and innovation.
Determination of the Collins-Soper Kernel from Lattice QCD
Authors: Schlemmer Maximilian , Vladimirov Alexey , Zimmermann Christian , Engelhardt Michael , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present lattice results for the non-perturbative Collins-Soper (CS) kernel, which describes the energy-dependence of transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs). The CS kernel is extracted from the ratios of first Mellin moments of quasi-TMDs evaluated at different nucleon momenta. The analysis is done with dynamical Nf = 2 + 1 clover fermions for the CLS ensemble H101 (a = 0.0854 fm, mπ = mK = 422 MeV). The computed CS kernel is in good agreement with experimental extractions and previous lattice studies.
Abelianisation of logarithmic $$\mathfrak {sl}_2$$-connections
Authors: Nikolaev Nikita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe prove a functorial correspondence between a category of logarithmic $$\mathfrak {sl}_2$$

sl
2

-connections on a curve $${\mathsf {X}}$$
X
with fixed generic residues and a category of abelian logarithmic connections on an appropriate spectral double cover "Equation missing". The proof is by constructing a pair of inverse functors $$\pi ^\text {ab}, \pi _\text {ab}$$

π
ab

,

π
ab

, and the key is the construction of a certain canonical cocycle valued in the automorphisms of the direct image functor $$\pi _*$$

π

∗

.
Irreducibility of Lagrangian Quot schemes over an algebraic curve
Authors: Cheong Daewoong , Choe Insong , Hitching George H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLet C be a complex projective smooth curve and W a symplectic vector bundle of rank 2n over C. The Lagrangian Quot scheme $$LQ_{-e}(W)$$

L

Q

-
e

(
W
)

parameterizes subsheaves of rank n and degree $$-e$$

-
e

which are isotropic with respect to the symplectic form. We prove that $$LQ_{-e}(W)$$

L

Q

-
e

(
W
)

is irreducible and generically smooth of the expected dimension for all large e, and that a generic element is saturated and stable.
On the section conjecture and Brauer–Severi varieties
Authors: Bresciani Giulio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJ. Stix proved that a curve of positive genus over $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
which maps to a non-trivial Brauer–Severi variety satisfies the section conjecture. We prove that, if X is a curve of positive genus over a number field k and the Weil restriction $$R_{k/\mathbb {Q}}X$$

R

k
/
Q

X

admits a rational map to a non-trivial Brauer–Severi variety, then X satisfies the section conjecture. As a consequence, if X maps to a Brauer–Severi variety P such that the corestriction $${\text {cor}}_{k/\mathbb {Q}}([P])\in {\text {Br}}(\mathbb {Q})$$

cor

k
/
Q

(

[
P
]

)

∈
Br

(
Q
)

is non-trivial, then X satisfies the section conjecture.
Construction of Initial Data Sets for Lorentzian Manifolds with Lightlike Parallel Spinors
Authors: Ammann Bernd , Kröncke Klaus , Müller Olaf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLorentzian manifolds with parallel spinors are important objects of study in several branches of geometry, analysis and mathematical physics. Their Cauchy problem has recently been discussed by Baum, Leistner and Lischewski, who proved that the problem locally has a unique solution up to diffeomorphisms, provided that the intial data given on a space-like hypersurface satisfy some constraint equations. In this article we provide a method to solve these constraint equations. In particular, any curve (resp. closed curve) in the moduli space of Riemannian metrics on M with a parallel spinor gives rise to a solution of the constraint equations on $$M\times (a,b)$$

M
×
(
a
,
b
)

(resp. $$M\times S^1$$

M
×

S
1

).
Cycling-related orthopaedic fractures admitted to the Major Trauma Centre in the cycling capital of the UK
Authors: Jamil Omar , Al Shdefat Sofyan , Arshad Zaki , Thahir Azeem , Anwar Fahim , Davies Benjamin M. , Chou Daud T. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The popularity of cycling in the United Kingdom is increasing, with a further rise likely due to recent government cycling promotion schemes. This study aims to characterise fractures sustained due to cycling-related collisions in patients presenting to a Major Trauma Centre, in the region with the highest cycling rates in the United Kingdom.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of cycling injuries presenting to our centre between January 2012 and December 2020 was performed using a prospectively collected electronic database. Comparison of fracture characteristics was made according to patient age and mechanism of injury (collision with a motorised vehicle versus collision with a non-motorised object.).

Results
Of the 737 patients who suffered a cycling-related injury, 292 (39.6%) suffered at least 1 fracture to the appendicular skeleton. Overall, fractures were most commonly seen in those over 50 years of age. Upper limb fractures were more common than lower limb fractures. Fractures sustained during motorised injuries were more likely to require surgical intervention than those sustained during non-motorised collisions.

Conclusion
This study provides valuable information regarding the nature, epidemiology and treatment of fractures sustained following cycling-related accidents, adding to the paucity of similar literature in the field. Given the likely increase in future cycling uptake, our results are important to clinicians treating patients with cycling-related injuries and policymakers designing safety interventions.
Mesh abdominoplasty for rectus diastasis in women and men
Authors: Dumanian G. A. , Moradian S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Meshes clearly have improved outcomes for tissue approximation over suture repairs for incisional hernias. A knowledge gap exists as to the surgical complication rate and post-operative outcomes of a mesh rectus diastasis repair with a narrow well-fixed mesh that simultaneously narrows the rectus muscles and closes the widened linea alba.

Methods
Inclusion criteria for mesh abdominoplasty were patients who (1) underwent a retrorectus planar mesh for repair of rectus diastasis (2) did not have a concurrent incisional hernia and (3) underwent skin tailoring as part of a cosmetic aspect of their care. The primary endpoint was surgical site occurrence (SSO) at any time after surgery as determined with review of their office and hospital medical records. Secondary endpoints included the length and complexity of the return to the operating room for any reason, non-surgical complications, readmission, post-operative recovery, surgical site infection, recurrence/persistence of abdominal wall laxity, and soft tissue revision rates.

Results
SSO rate was 0% for the 56 patients who underwent this procedure. There were 40 women and 16 men. Superficial infections requiring oral antibiotics were required in three patients. One was a drain site erythema, one was for a superficial stitch abscess, and the third was for a mesh strip knot infection 6 months after the procedure. One patient underwent further tightening of the abdominal wall. Rates of soft tissue revision in the office for improved cosmesis were 23% in women and 6% in men.

Conclusion
Repair of rectus diastasis with a narrow well-fixed mesh and concurrent skin abdominoplasty is a well-tolerated and reliable procedure with low recurrence and low SSO in the manner described. It is a procedure that works for both female and male pattern rectus diastasis, and has become our procedure of choice for moderate and severe rectus diastasis.
Civil airline fare prediction with a multi-attribute dual-stage attention mechanism
Authors: Zhao Zhichao , You Jinguo , Gan Guoyu , Li Xiaowu , Ding Jiaman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAirfare price prediction is one of the core facilities of the decision support system in civil aviation, which includes departure time, days of purchase in advance and flight airline. The traditional airfare price prediction system is limited by the nonlinear interrelationship of multiple factors and fails to deal with the impact of different time steps, resulting in low prediction accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel civil airline fare prediction system with a Multi-Attribute Dual-stage Attention (MADA) mechanism integrating different types of data extracted from the same dimension. In this method, the Seq2Seq model is used to add attention mechanisms to both the encoder and the decoder. The encoder attention mechanism extracts multi-attribute data from time series, which are optimized and filtered by the temporal attention mechanism in the decoder to capture the complex time dependence of the ticket price sequence. Extensive experiments with actual civil aviation data sets were performed, and the results suggested that MADA outperforms airfare prediction models based on the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), random forest, or deep learning models in MSE, RMSE, and MAE indicators. And from the results of a large amount of experimental data, it is proven that the prediction results of the MADA model proposed in this paper on different routes are at least 2.3% better than the other compared models.
Notions of Creativity in Mathematics Education Research: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Joklitschke Julia , Rott Benjamin , Schindler Maike 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterest in creativity in mathematics education research is increasing, and the field of research is growing. Yet, research on creativity and the notions (we use this wording to accumulate understandings, beliefs, and ideas about the construct) of creativity that are addressed in empirical research are diverse and difficult to organize in an overview, with different theoretical backgrounds and theoretical assumptions underlying them. The aim of this article is therefore to provide a systematic overview of notions of creativity addressed in recent empirical research on mathematical education. We conducted a systematic literature review, guided by the question, What notions of creativity are addressed in current mathematics education research and what theoretical foundations do they rely on? The article gives an overview of the five predominant notions of creativity that were identified in current empirical research in mathematics education from 2006 to 2019. We describe and evaluate these notions and identify trends that will help to structure this diverse field of research.