bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of drought stress on biochemical responses, energy, and water productivity on maize forage (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Rad Rouhollah Daneshvar , Sharifabad Hosein Heidari , Torabi Masoud , Azizinejad Reza , Salemi Hamidreza , Heidari Soltanabadi Mohsen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drought stress is the most important limiting factor in crop plants including maize (Zea mays L.), which is the third important world crop after wheat and rice. To examine the quantity and quality of forage as well as energy and water productivity of two maize varieties to drought stress, a field experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Isfahan, Iran, during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The main and sub-plots were three irrigation regimes (100%, 80, and 60% full irrigation) and two maize varieties (704 and Maxima), respectively. Data analysis showed that drought stress harmed wet and dry forage yield and energy productivity, while its effect was positive on some forage quality such as ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose free cell wall (ADF), and lignin (ADL). Based on results, drought stress of 60% full irrigation resulted in reduced wet and dry forage maize yields. In addition, drought stress affected relationships among measured traits. According to increasing dried fodder and decreasing output energy under stress conditions, early mature variety Maxima is more proper to be used under drought stress. Besides, the Maxima variety was shown to be a suitable variety due to increasing dry matter and crude protein as well as decrease ADF and ADL than the 704 variety.

Article Highlights
We submit an original research article entitled Effect of water stress on forage yield and quality and water and energy productivity in Maize (Zea mays L.). In this paper, we indicated regarding to impacts of climate change phenomenon throughout the world on crop production, especially in arid regions such as Iran, choosing proper variety can be one of the best candidates to provide for forage. The results of present paper have shown that the drought stress had no effect on water productivity of two maize varieties. The superiority of some forage quality traits in drought stress compared to the control in maize means that in drought conditions, maize forage can be used and increase the profitability of livestock products.
Design of voltage and current controller parameters using small signal model-based pole-zero cancellation method for improved transient response in microgrids
Authors: Pavan Kumar Y. V. , Bhimasingu Ravikumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microgrids are supposed to provide stable power for seamless utility-grid interaction under all conditions as stated by IEEE-1547 standard. But, the use of power electronic inverter makes the microgrid sensitive to transients than synchronous generator-based plants. This degrades the voltage/frequency responses during transients, which can lead to transient stability problem if not controlled properly. Hence, the design of effective closed-loop voltage and current (V/I) controllers is highly desired to control the inverter output against the disturbances. The V/I controllers are based on PI (proportional-cum-integral) formulas. Thus, the effectiveness of V/I controllers relies on how accurate that their gain parameters are tuned. Many PI-tuning methods have been developed in the literature, but, it is yet difficult to identify a suitable method for an application. Also, only a few researchers have focused on the microgrids due to the complexity involved in its controller design by the presence of V/I cascaded dual-loop. Hence, to address this problem, this paper proposes a novel way of designing V/I controller parameters by using pole-zero cancellation method. This method is implemented by deriving the microgrid’s small-signal model. This improves the transient response through reduced system order and/or alleviated sluggish/marginal-stable/unstable poles by adding zeros at same places where those poles are laid, to in effect cancel them. The efficacy of the proposed method over existing methods is assessed by plotting frequency and voltage responses under different test conditions. From the simulation results, it is witnessed that the proposed method relatively improved the transient characteristics of microgrids.

Article Highlights

Analyzes the applicability of conventional PI tuning methods for microgrid controllers’ design.

Proposes a novel small signal model based pole-zero cancellation method for the design of microgrid controllers.

Enhances the gain margin, which improves the stabilization capacity of the system when subjected to disturbances.

Improves the transient behavior of frequency and voltage responses, which ensure the safety of sensitive loads.
A deep action-oriented video image classification system for text detection and recognition
Authors: Chaudhuri Abhra , Shivakumara Palaiahnakote , Chowdhury Pinaki Nath , Pal Umapada , Lu Tong , Lopresti Daniel , Hemantha Kumar G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For the video images with complex actions, achieving accurate text detection and recognition results is very challenging. This paper presents a hybrid model for classification of action-oriented video images which reduces the complexity of the problem to improve text detection and recognition performance. Here, we consider the following five categories of genres, namely concert, cooking, craft, teleshopping and yoga. For classifying action-oriented video images, we explore ResNet50 for learning the general pixel-distribution level information and the VGG16 network is implemented for learning the features of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions and again another VGG16 is used for learning facial components obtained by a multitask cascaded convolutional network. The approach integrates the outputs of the three above-mentioned models using a fully connected neural network for classification of five action-oriented image classes. We demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method by testing on our dataset and two other standard datasets, namely, Scene Text Dataset dataset which contains 10 classes of scene images with text information, and the Stanford 40 Actions dataset which contains 40 action classes without text information. Our method outperforms the related existing work and enhances the class-specific performance of text detection and recognition, significantly.

Article highlights

The method uses pixel, stable-region and face-component information in a noble way for solving complex classification problems.

The proposed work fuses different deep learning models for successful classification of action-oriented images.

Experiments on our own dataset as well as standard datasets show that the proposed model outperforms related state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.
Effects of the selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist JNJ-48816274 on sleep initiated in the circadian wake maintenance zone: a randomised trial
Authors: Revell Victoria L. , della Monica Ciro , Mendis Jeewaka , Hassanin Hana , Halter Robin J. , Chaplan Sandra R. , Dijk Derk-Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effects of orexinergic peptides are diverse and are mediated by orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors. Antagonists that target both receptors have been shown to promote sleep initiation and maintenance. Here, we investigated the role of the orexin-2 receptor in sleep regulation in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover clinical trial using two doses (20 and 50 mg) of a highly selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) (JNJ-48816274). We used a phase advance model of sleep disruption where sleep initiation is scheduled in the circadian wake maintenance zone. We assessed objective and subjective sleep parameters, pharmacokinetic profiles and residual effects on cognitive performance in 18 healthy male participants without sleep disorders. The phase advance model alone (placebo condition) resulted in disruption of sleep at the beginning of the sleep period compared to baseline sleep (scheduled at habitual time). Compared to placebo, both doses of JNJ-48816274 significantly increased total sleep time, REM sleep duration and sleep efficiency, and reduced latency to persistent sleep, sleep onset latency, and REM latency. All night EEG spectral power density for both NREM and REM sleep were unaffected by either dose. Participants reported significantly better quality of sleep and feeling more refreshed upon awakening following JNJ-48816274 compared to placebo. No significant residual effects on objective performance measures were observed and the compound was well tolerated. In conclusion, the selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist JNJ-48816274 rapidly induced sleep when sleep was scheduled earlier in the circadian cycle and improved self-reported sleep quality without impact on waking performance.
Shortened leukocyte telomere length in young adults who use methamphetamine
Authors: Lin Yen-Feng , Chen Po-Yu , Liu Hsing-Cheng , Chen Yi-Lung , Chou Wei-Hern , Huang Ming-Chyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) use, most prevalent in young adults, has been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The relationship between METH use and accelerated biological aging, which can be measured using leukocyte telomere length (LTL), remains unclear. We examined whether young adult METH users have shorter LTL and explored the relationship between characteristics of METH use and LTL by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We compared the LTL for 187 METH users and 159 healthy individuals aged between 25 and 34 years and examined the relationship of LTL with METH use variables (onset age, duration, and maximum frequency of METH use) by using regression analyses. In addition, 2-stage-least-squares (2SLS) MR was also performed to possibly avoid uncontrolled confounding between characteristics of METH use and LTL. We found METH users had significantly shorter LTL compared to controls. Multivariate regression analysis showed METH use was negatively associated with LTL (β = −0.36, P < .001). Among METH users, duration of METH use was negatively associated with LTL after adjustment (β = −0.002, P = .01). We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6585206 genome-wide associated with duration of METH use. This SNP was used as an instrumental variable to avoid uncontrolled confounding for the relationship between the use duration and LTL shortening. In conclusion, we show that young adult METH users may have shorter LTL compared with controls and longer duration of METH use was significantly associated with telomere shortening. These observations suggest that METH use may accelerate biological senescence.
Antitumor effect of 4MU on glioblastoma cells is mediated by senescence induction and CD44, RHAMM and p-ERK modulation
Authors: Pibuel Matías Arturo , Poodts Daniela , Díaz Mariángeles , Molinari Yamila Azul , Franco Paula Gabriela , Hajos Silvia Elvira , Lompardía Silvina Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extracellular matrix plays a key role in cancer progression. Hyaluronan, the main glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been related to several tumor processes. Hyaluronan acts through the interaction with cell membrane receptors as CD44 and RHAMM and triggers signaling pathways as MEK/ERK. 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a well-known hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor, is a promising alternative for cancer therapy. 4MU is a coumarin derivative without adverse effects that has been studied in several tumors. However, little is known about its use in glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Glioblastoma is characterized by fast growth, migration and tissue invasiveness, and a poor median survival of the patients after treatment. Several reports linked glioblastoma progression with HA levels and even with CD44 and RHAMM expression, as well as MEK/ERK activation. Previously, we showed on a murine GBM cell line that HA enhances GBM migration, while 4MU markedly inhibits it. In this work we showed for the first time, that 4MU decreases cell migration and induces senescence in U251 and LN229 human GBM cell lines. Furthermore, we observed that HA promotes GBM cell migration on both cell lines and that such effects depend on CD44 and RHAMM, as well as MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Interestingly, we observed that the exogenous HA failed to counteract the effects of 4MU, indicating that 4MU effects are independent of HA synthesis inhibition. We found that 4MU decreases total CD44 and RHAMM membrane expression, which could explain the effect of 4MU on cell migration. Furthermore, we observed that 4MU increases the levels of RHAMM inside the cell while decreases the nucleus/cytoplasm relation of p-ERK, associated with 4MU effects on cell proliferation and senescence induction. Overall, 4MU should be considered as a promising therapeutic alternative to improve the outcome of patients with GBM.
Spatiotemporal evaporating droplet dynamics on fomites enhances long term bacterial pathogenesis
Authors: Majee Sreeparna , Chowdhury Atish Roy , Pinto Roven , Chattopadhyay Ankur , Agharkar Amey Nitin , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Basu Saptarshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNaturally drying bacterial droplets on inanimate surfaces representing fomites are the most consequential mode for transmitting infection through oro-fecal route. We provide a multiscale holistic approach to understand flow dynamics induced bacterial pattern formation on fomites leading to pathogenesis. The most virulent gut pathogen, Salmonella Typhimurium (STM), typically found in contaminated food and water, is used as model system in the current study. Evaporation-induced flow in sessile droplets facilitates the transport of STM, forming spatio-temporally varying bacterial deposition patterns based on droplet medium’s nutrient scale. Mechanical and low moisture stress in the drying process reduced bacterial viability but interestingly induced hyper-proliferation of STM in macrophages, thereby augmenting virulence in fomites. In vivo studies of fomites in mice confirm that STM maintains enhanced virulence. This work demonstrates that stressed bacterial deposit morphologies formed over small timescale (minutes) on organic and inorganic surfaces, plays a significant role in enhancing fomite’s pathogenesis over hours and days.
SINEUPs: a novel toolbox for RNA therapeutics
Authors: Espinoza Stefano , Bon Carlotta , Valentini Paola , Pierattini Bianca , Matey Abraham Tettey , Damiani Devid , Pulcrano Salvatore , Sanges Remo , Persichetti Francesca , Takahashi Hazuki , Carninci Piero , Santoro Claudio , Cotella Diego , Gustincich Stefano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as a new class of promising therapeutics to expand the range of druggable targets in the genome. In addition to ‘canonical’ protein-coding mRNAs, the emerging richness of sense and antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) provides a new reservoir of molecular tools for RNA-based drugs. LncRNAs are composed of modular structural domains with specific activities involving the recruitment of protein cofactors or directly interacting with nucleic acids. A single therapeutic RNA transcript can then be assembled combining domains with defined secondary structures and functions, and antisense sequences specific for the RNA/DNA target of interest.
As the first representative molecules of this new pharmacology, we have identified SINEUPs, a new functional class of natural antisense lncRNAs that increase the translation of partially overlapping mRNAs. Their activity is based on the combination of two domains: an embedded mouse inverted SINEB2 element that enhances mRNA translation (effector domain) and an overlapping antisense region that provides specificity for the target sense transcript (binding domain). By genetic engineering, synthetic SINEUPs can potentially target any mRNA of interest increasing translation and therefore the endogenous level of the encoded protein.
In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge of SINEUPs and discuss recent publications showing their potential application in diseases where a physiological increase of endogenous protein expression can be therapeutic.
Enhancing semantics with multi‐objective reinforcement learning for video description
Authors: Li Qinyu , Yang Longyu , Tang Pengjie , Wang Hanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVideo description is challenging due to the high complexity of translating visual content into language. In most popular attention‐based pipelines for this task, visual features and previously generated words are usually concatenated as a vector to predict the current word. However, the errors caused by the inaccuracy of the predicted words may be accumulated, and the gap between visual features and language features may bring noises into the description model. Facing these problems, a variant of recurrent neural network is designed in this work, and a novel framework is developed to enhance the visual clues for video description. Moreover, a multi‐objective reinforcement learning strategy is implemented to build a more comprehensive reward with multiple metrics to improve the consistency and semantics of the generated description sentence. The experiments on the benchmark MSR‐VTT2016 and MSVD datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Global positioning system spoofing detection based on Support Vector Machines
Authors: Zhu Xuefen , Hua Teng , Yang Fan , Tu Gangyi , Chen Xiyuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe civil Global Positioning System (GPS) is vulnerable to spoofing because of its open signal structure. The performance of previous spoofing detection methods is often limited due to spoofing's strong concealment. In this study, a method is proposed to detect spoofing by analysing the features of improved signal quality monitoring (SQM) moving variance (MV), improved SQM moving average (MA), early‐late phase, carrier‐to‐noise ratio–MV and clock offset rate of receiver using Support Vector Machines. Then, the effectiveness of different kernel functions is compared along with other previous methods, revealing that our method outperforms previous methods when coarse Gaussian is used as kernel function. Specifically, the f1 score of the proposed method is improved by 3.22%, 12.85% and 35.72% in comparison with Back Propagation network, Ratio and Delta. The authors hope this work is beneficial for future research and for the implementation of GPS spoofing detection technology and high‐performance receiver, which is of great significance to maintain the normal operation of GPS.
Kälte in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Chiu Celine 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin gibt es unterschiedliche Arten von Kälte-Krankheiten. Sie entstehen entweder durch äußere Einflüsse oder durch das Fehlen innerer Wärme. Behandelt werden Kältekrankheiten mit Akupunktur, Moxibustion und Diätetik.
Mice Lacking PECAM-1 and Ceacam1 Have Enhanced Platelet Secretion and Thrombus Growth: Novel Link with PAR4
Authors: Kuriri Fahd A. , Burchall Genia , Alanazi Fehaid , Antonipillai Juliana , Dobie Gasim , Beachemin Nicole , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Ig-ITIM bearing receptors, PECAM-1 and CEACAM1, have been shown net negative regulators of platelet–collagen interactions and hemiITAM signaling pathways. In this study, a double knockout (DKO) mouse was developed with deleted PECAM-1 and CEACAM1 to study their combined contribution in platelet activation by glycoprotein VI, C-type lectin-like receptor 2, protease activated receptor (PAR4), ADP purinergic receptors, and thromboxane receptor (TP) A2 pathways. In addition, their collective contribution was examined in thrombus formation under high shear and microvascular thrombosis using in vivo models. DKO platelets responded normally to ADP purinergic receptors and the TP A2 pathway. However, DKO platelets released significantly higher amounts of P-selectin compared with hyper-responsive Pecam-1−/− or Ceacam1−/− versus wild-type (WT) upon stimulation with collagen-related peptide or rhodocytin. In contrast, DKO platelets showed increased amounts of P-selectin exposure upon stimulation with PAR4 agonist peptide or thrombin but not Pecam-1−/− , Ceacam1−/− , or WT platelets. Blockade of phospholipase C (PLC) or Rho A kinase revealed that DKO platelets enhanced α-granule release via PAR4/Gαq/PLC signaling without crosstalk with Src/Syk or G12/13 signaling pathways. Severely delayed clot retraction in vitro was observed in DKO phenotype. The DKO model revealed a significant increase in thrombus formation compared with the hyper-responsive Ceacam1−/− or Pecam-1−/− versus WT phenotype. DKO platelets have similar glycoprotein surface expression compared with Pecam-1−/− , Ceacam1−/− , and WT platelets. This study demonstrates that PECAM-1 and CEACAM1 work in concert to negatively regulate hemiITAM signaling, platelet–collagen interactions, and PAR4 Gαq protein- coupled signaling pathways. Both PECAM-1 and CEACAM1 are required for negative regulation of platelet activation and microvascular thrombosis in vivo.
A Snapshot of Chronic Critical Illness in Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Shapiro Miriam C. , Boss Renee D. , Donohue Pamela K. , Weiss Elliott M. , Madrigal Vanessa , Henderson Carrie M. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness Collaborative*
Published: October 2021

AbstractChildren with chronic critical illness (CCI) represent the sickest subgroup of children with medical complexity. In this article, we applied a proposed definition of pediatric CCI to assess point prevalence in medical, cardiovascular, and combined pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), screening all patients admitted to six academic medical centers in the United States on May 17, 2017, for pediatric CCI (PCCI) eligibility. We gathered descriptive data to understand medical complexity and resource needs of children with PCCI in PICUs including data regarding hospitalization characteristics, previous admissions, medical technology, and chronic multiorgan dysfunction. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population and hospital data. The study cohort was divided between PICU-prolonged (stay > 14 days) and PICU-exposed (any time in PICU); comparative analyses were conducted. On the study day, 185 children met inclusion criteria, 66 (36%) PICU-prolonged and 119 (64%) PICU-exposed. Nearly all had home medical technology and most (n = 152; 82%) required mechanical ventilation in the PICU. The PICU-exposed cohort mirrored the PICU-prolonged with a few exceptions as follows: they were older, had fewer procedures and surgeries, and had more recurrent hospitalizations. Most (n = 44; 66%) of the PICU-prolonged cohort had never been discharged home. Children with PCCI were a sizable proportion of the unit census on the study day. We found that children with PCCI are a prevalent population in PICUs. Dividing the cohorts between PICU-prolonged and PICU-exposed helps to better understand the care needs of the PCCI population. Identifying and studying PCCI, including variables relevant to PICU-prolonged and PICU-exposed, could inform changes to PICU care models and training programs to better enable PICUs to meet their unique needs.