bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eddy current tomography for visualization of cracks in aircraft riveted joints
Authors: Vertiy Alexey , Uchanin Valentyn , Pavlikov Vladimir , Zhyla Simeon , Shmatko Olexandr , Tserne Eduard 
Published: October 2021

The control of the subsurface areas of metal products is necessary in many technological processes. So, for example, in aerospace technology it is essential to determine the presence of defects in aircraft engines. The same problems arise in chemical, power and other industries, which are letting out the highly technological equipment one of the widely known methods for inspecting metal products in the aviation industry is the eddy current method. This method is widely used to control small microscopic defects inside conductive materials. This method allows to ensure the safety of the operation of various products and devices in many areas of modern industry. An eddy current detector (probe) is a device, which induces eddy currents into metal objects and then detects the magnetic fields produced by these eddy currents. A magnetic field is created by a coil, or set of coils, through which a time-varying electrical current is driven. The frequency regime is sufficiently low, a few hertz to a few hundred kilohertz, so the targets of interest are within the near field of the transmitter. Considering the high conductivity of study samples, we can define that used waves in metals are located in the millimeter wave band. An eddy current imaging can be considered near-field imaging and a device allowing obtaining the eddy current images as a scanning near-field microscope. The obtained experimental results showed that the proposed tomographic method is effective for studying various complex inhomogeneities under the metal surface
Circumstances to Be Clarified under the Investigation of Interference into Law Enforcement Officer’s Activity
Authors: Gusieva V. O. 
Published: October 2021

The author has substantiated the need to establish the circumstances to be clarified and has determined their significance during the investigation. It has been emphasized that the circumstances to be clarified include the circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings, criminal and forensic characteristics of a criminal offense.
In order to determine the circumstances to be clarified during the investigation of interference in the activities of a law enforcement officer, the author has studied the circumstances to be clarified within the group of criminal offenses related to obstruction of the activities of a law enforcement officer, as well as during the investigation of interference in the activities of a forensic expert. Taking into account the specified scientific provisions, the author has defined a detailed list of circumstances to be clarified during the investigation of interference in the activities of a law enforcement officer.
It has been established that the circumstances to be clarified during the interference in the activities of a law enforcement officer include:
1) circumstances related to the criminal offense, namely: time, place, situation and traces of a criminal offense, methods of its commission (preparation, direct commission and concealment), tools and means used during the interference, the scope of procedural costs; circumstances that are the basis for ceasing criminal proceedings; the reasons and conditions that contributed to the commission of a criminal offense;
2) circumstances related to the identity of the victim, including: socio-demographic characteristics of the victim, place of work, position held; official and functional responsibilities, the victim’s belonging to a law enforcement agency during the commission of a criminal offense against him; the type and scope of damage caused to the victim;
3) circumstances related to the identity of the offender, namely: socio-demographic data of the offender, physiological and psychological condition, gender, citizenship, financial status, place of work, the record of criminal conviction and the facts of bringing to administrative liability; the presence of dependent disabled people; the presence of guilt in the form of direct intent, the purpose of the action; circumstances that aggravate or mitigate the punishment of the offender are grounds for releasing from criminal liability or punishment that exclude criminal liability; presence of accomplices.
empresa familiar: factores extrínseco e intrínsecos que la limitan
Authors: García González Gardenia , Vargas-Hernández José G. 
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar cuáles son los principales factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos que según la teoría afectan la longevidad de las empresas familiares en el mundo. Vinculando estos factores con la naturaleza histórica de la empresa, en un intento por comprender el origen de los mismos y su exclusividad. Además de relacionar estos factores con las empresas mexicanas en un afán de poder proporcionar un marco de referencia que explique los bajos indicadores en el país. El método utilizado para recabar esta información se basa en la revisión teórica y bibliográfica de los estudios realizados a nivel nacional e internacional. Los resultados muestran que los factores intrínsecos de las empresas tienen mayor impacto en su tiempo de vida que los extrínsecos.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В СТУДЕНТІВ НА ОСНОВІ ТВОРІВ ПИСЬМЕННИКІВ ДОНЕЧЧИНИ ПІД ЧАС ВИКЛАДАННЯ КУРСУ «ПРАКТИКУМ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ»
Authors: Колган О. В. , Колган Т. В. , Падалка Р. М. 
Published: October 2021

Стаття продовжує цикл публікацій авторів із проблеми формування ключових компетентностей у студентів у процесі їхнього навчання в закладах вищої освіти, зокрема під час викладання курсів гуманітарного циклу. Ураховуючи, що реформування української освіти ставить за мету формування ключових компетентностей у процесі навчальної діяльності, авторами досліджено теоретичні засади поняття компетентність, проблеми формування громадянської компетентності в здобувачів вищої освіти, запропоновано ілюстративний матеріал, який може бути використано під час проведення практичних занять із вивчення орфографії української мови, виконання індивідуальних завдань, самостійної роботи студентів. Висвітлено питання всебічного розвитку здобувачів вищої освіти, зокрема формування в них громадянської компетентності (як однієї з ключових компетентностей) під час вивчення курсу «Практикум з української мови» на основі творів письменників-земляків. У праці науковцями подано приклади текстів української прозаїки. Презентований матеріал для практичного застосування запропоновано в результаті опрацювання відповідного тексту твору українського письменника-земляка Івана Костирі «Думи про Донбас», може бути використано під час викладання курсу «Практикум з української мови» у студентів філологічного факультету педагогічного університету. У розвідці розкрито теоретичні та практичні аспекти, які вможливлюють процес формування в студентів громадянської компетентності, що сприяє вихованню патріотичної молоді, ерудованих членів українського суспільства, майбутнього нації.
Ілюстративний матеріал є цінним не лише як із боку лінгвістичного, так само й літературознавчого, бо сприяє ознайомленню здобувачів вищої освіти з постаттю письменника – уродженця Донеччини, його творчістю й формує в студентів приклад національно свідомого громадянина країни, прозовий доробок якого свідчить про любов до рідної землі. Відповідно, поданий у розвідці матеріал може стати елементом інтегрованих занять із української мови та літератури (літератури рідного краю).
Streptomycin Sulfate–Loaded Niosomes Enables Increased Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities
Authors: Mansouri Maryam , Khayam Nazanin , Jamshidifar Elham , Pourseif Tara , Kianian Sepideh , Mirzaie Amir , Akbarzadeh Iman , Ren Qun 
Published: October 2021

One of the antibiotics used to treat infections is streptomycin sulfate that inhibits both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Nanoparticles are suitable carriers for the direct delivery and release of drug agents to infected locations. Niosomes are one of the new drug delivery systems that have received much attention today due to their excellent biofilm penetration property and controlled release. In this study, niosomes containing streptomycin sulfate were prepared by using the thin layer hydration method and optimized based on the size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) characteristics. It was found that the Span 60-to-Tween 60 ratio of 1.5 and the surfactant-to-cholesterol ratio of 1.02 led to an optimum formulation with a minimum of size, low PDI, and maximum of EE of 97.8 nm, 0.27, and 86.7%, respectively. The drug release investigation showed that 50.0 ± 1.2% of streptomycin sulfate was released from the niosome in 24 h and reached 66.4 ± 1.3% by the end of 72 h. Two-month stability studies at 25° and 4°C showed more acceptable stability of samples kept at 4°C. Consequently, antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of streptomycin sulfate–loaded niosomes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found significantly higher than those of free drug, and the minimum inhibitory concentration values decreased 4- to 8-fold. Furthermore, niosome-encapsulated streptomycin up to 1,500 μg/ml exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against the human foreskin fibroblasts cell line, whereas the free drug exhibited slight cytotoxicity at this concentration. Desired physical characteristics and low toxicity of niosomal nano-carriers containing streptomycin sulfate made them a demanded candidate for the treatment of current bacterial infections and biofilms.
Investigation on the Potential Correlation Between TP53 and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yao Lihua , Zhong Xiaowu , Huang Guangcheng , Ma Qiang , Xu Lei , Xiao Hong , Guo Xiaolan 
Published: October 2021

Background:TP53 family members play an indispensable role in various human cancers, while the gene expression profiles, prognostic value, and potential mechanism in esophageal cancer (ESCA) are yet unclear.Methods: The expression and roles of TP53 family members in ESCA were investigated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Kaplan–Meier plotter, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and UALCAN databases. The expression of TP53 between ESCA and the corresponding adjacent tissues was validated using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the effects of TP53 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell migration and proliferation were examined using the Transwell assay, scratch test, and crystal violet assay. The correlation between TP53 and mTOR pathways was evaluated by Western blotting.Results: This study showed a correlation between high mRNA expression of TP53 members (TP53, TP63, and TP73) and clinical cancer stages and nodal metastasis status in ESCA patients. Moreover, the expression of TP53 was significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of ESCA patients. Additional experiments verified that the mRNA of TP53 was upregulated in ESCC patients. Moreover, the downregulated expression of TP53 significantly retarded ESCC cell migration and proliferation and might activate the mTOR signaling pathway and inhibit TP53-dependent autophagy.Conclusion:TP53 has a prognostic value in ESCA and may be a leading factor in promoting ESCA pathogenesis.
A Comparative Study of Systolic and Diastolic Mechanical Synchrony in Canine, Primate, and Healthy and Failing Human Hearts
Authors: Zhu Tiangang , Lei Ming , Wang Zhilong , Zhang Rongli , Zhang Yan , Jin Wenying , Yu Chao , Huang Christopher L.-H. , Liu Dongyue , Zheng Wen , Liu Yuli , Quan Xin , Kong Lingyun , Liang Siying , Zhang Xiuqin 
Published: October 2021

Aim: Mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) is associated with heart failure (HF) and may be prognostically important in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Yet, little is known about its patterns in healthy or diseased hearts. We here investigate and compare systolic and diastolic MD in both right (RV) and left ventricles (LV) of canine, primate and healthy and failing human hearts.Methods and Results: RV and LV mechanical function were examined by pulse-wave Doppler in 15 beagle dogs, 59 rhesus monkeys, 100 healthy human subjects and 39 heart failure (HF) patients. This measured RV and LV pre-ejection periods (RVPEP and LVPEP) and diastolic opening times (Q-TVE and Q-MVE). The occurrence of right (RVMDs) and left ventricular systolic mechanical delay (LVMDs) was assessed by comparing RVPEP and LVPEP values. That of right (RVMDd) and left ventricular diastolic mechanical delay (LVMDd) was assessed from the corresponding diastolic opening times (Q-TVE and Q-MVE). These situations were quantified by values of interventricular systolic (IVMDs) and diastolic mechanical delays (IVMDd), represented as positive if the relevant RV mechanical events preceded those in the LV. Healthy hearts in all species examined showed greater LV than RV delay times and therefore positive IVMDs and IVMDd. In contrast a greater proportion of the HF patients showed both markedly increased IVMDs and negative IVMDd, with diastolic mechanical asynchrony negatively correlated with LVEF.Conclusion: The present IVMDs and IVMDd findings have potential clinical implications particularly for personalized setting of parameter values in CRT in individual patients to achieve effective treatment of HF.
Parents' Perceptions About Future Digital Parental Support—A Phenomenographic Interview Study
Authors: Bäckström Caroline , Chamoun Sandi , Tejani Shazima , Larsson Viveca 
Published: October 2021

Background: Parents use digital sources (such as the internet or online forums and applications) during pregnancy and after childbirth to receive informative support. Research shows that there is further need for innovation development in digital parental support despite informative support available in digital form.Purpose: To explore parents' perceptions of future digital parental support concerning pregnancy and the first 18 months of parenthood.Method: A phenomenographic interview study with an inductive approach including 15 semi-structured interviews was conducted.Results: The analysis process resulted in three descriptive categories: Opportunities for virtual and in-person meetings, Individualized digital parental support, and Professional knowledge and trustworthiness concerning future digital parental support.Conclusion: The results broaden the knowledge about how future digital parental support can be designed to facilitate the functional, interactive, and critical digital health literacy of new and would-be parents. To succeed, healthcare organizations should allow healthcare professionals to assume an active role in developing digital parental support, both as health educators (i.e., providing parents with knowledge) and facilitators (i.e., facilitating parents' use of digital parental support). However, parents perceived that future digital parental support should complement standard care instead of replacing in-person meetings with healthcare professionals.
Association of Predicted Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Diabetic Nephropathy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial
Authors: Hukportie Daniel Nyarko , Li Fu-Rong , Zhou Rui , Zou Meng-Chen , Wu Xiao-Xiang , Wu Xian-Bo 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) have been shown to have different associations with several chronic diseases but little is known about the sex-specific association of LBM and FM with diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk among participants with diabetes.MethodsParticipants from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study was used in a post hoc analysis to examine the association of predicted LBM index (LBMI) and FM index (FMI) with incident DN risk (defined as a composite outcome of three types of predefined DN). Because of sex differences in body composition, analyses were conducted separately using sex-specific quartiles of predicted LBMI and FMI.ResultsOf the 9,022 participants with type 2 diabetes (5,575 men and 3,447 women) included in this study, 5,374 individuals developed DN (3,396 in men and 1,978 in women). Higher quartiles of LBMI were associated with a reduced risk of DN while higher quartiles of FMI were associated with an increased higher risk of DN among men but not women. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)for the highest quartile of predicted LBMI and FMI were respectively 0.83 (95% CI 1.71 – 0.96) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.06-1.43) among men; and 0.92 (95% CI 0.63 – 1.33) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.79 – 1.63) among women.ConclusionsAmong participants with diabetes, predicted LBMI was inversely associated with risk of DN while predicted FMI was positively associated with an increased risk of incident DN among men but not women. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov., no. NCT00000620.
Highly Purified Alloantigen-Specific Tregs From Healthy and Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Can Be Long-Term Expanded, Maintaining a Suppressive Phenotype and Function in the Presence of Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Cortés-Hernández Arimelek , Alvarez-Salazar Evelyn Katy , Arteaga-Cruz Saúl , Rosas-Cortina Katya , Linares Nadyeli , Alberú Gómez Josefina M. , Soldevila Gloria 
Published: October 2021

The adoptive transfer of alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells (alloTregs) has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative in kidney transplant recipients to the use of lifelong immunosuppressive drugs that cause serious side effects. However, the clinical application of alloTregs has been limited due to their low frequency in peripheral blood and the scarce development of efficient protocols to ensure their purity, expansion, and stability. Here, we describe a new experimental protocol that allows the long-term expansion of highly purified allospecific natural Tregs (nTregs) from both healthy controls and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which maintain their phenotype and suppressive function under inflammatory conditions. Firstly, we co-cultured CellTrace Violet (CTV)-labeled Tregs from CKD patients or healthy individuals with allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and retinoic acid. Then, proliferating CD4+CD25hiCTV− Tregs (allospecific) were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and polyclonally expanded with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads in the presence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), IL-2, and rapamycin. After 4 weeks, alloTregs were expanded up to 2,300 times the initial numbers with a purity of &gt;95% (CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+). The resulting allospecific Tregs showed high expressions of CTLA-4, LAG-3, and CD39, indicative of a highly suppressive phenotype. Accordingly, expanded alloTregs efficiently suppressed T-cell proliferation in an antigen-specific manner, even in the presence of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, or TNF-α). Unexpectedly, the long-term expansion resulted in an increased methylation of the specific demethylated region of Foxp3. Interestingly, alloTregs from both normal individuals and CKD patients maintained their immunosuppressive phenotype and function after being expanded for two additional weeks under an inflammatory microenvironment. Finally, phenotypic and functional evaluation of cryopreserved alloTregs demonstrated the feasibility of long-term storage and supports the potential use of this cellular product for personalized Treg therapy in transplanted patients.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of Circulating and Tissue BATF2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Cui Zhaolei , Lin Yingying , Hu Dan , Wu Jing , Peng Wei , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2021

Background: Current biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are less effective for early diagnosis and prognosis. The basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 2 (BATF2) gene has been shown to have a tight association with the pathogenesis of various malignancies but received scant attention in NPC research. We aimed to assess the performances of circulating and tissue BATF2 in the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) microarrays were performed to quantitate the BATF2 protein expression in NPC tissues. The relationships of BATF2 protein expression with clinicopathological characteristics and NPC prognosis were assessed. BATF2 mRNA expressions in serum and serum-derived exosomes were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.Results: The IHC microarrays revealed a predominant nuclear expression of BATF2 in NPC cells. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that BATF2-positive NPC patients enjoyed longer overall survival than BATF2-negative patients. NPC patients with serum and exosomal BATF2 mRNA expressions made up 51.47 and 48.52% of all patients, respectively. The AUCs of serum and exosomal BATF2 mRNA expressions in discriminating NPC from healthy controls were 0.9409 and 0.8983. Patients who had received radiochemotherapy exhibited higher serum and exosomal BATF2 mRNA expressions versus the levels at baseline as well as those detected in recurrent patients.Conclusion: BATF2 is expressed cancerous tissues, serum, and serum-derived exosomes in NPC patients. Circulating and tissue BATF2 can serve as a multipurpose biomarker capable of the diagnosis, prognosis prediction, efficacy evaluation, and recurrence monitoring in NPC.
Blood Pressure and T-Tau in Spinal Fluid Are Associated With Delayed Recall in Participants With Memory Complaints and Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type
Authors: Hestad Knut Asbjorn , Horndalsveen Peter Otto , Engedal Knut 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine if systolic blood pressure (SBP), total-tau (t-tau), and beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were associated with the results on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word List (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed recall, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in “younger” older adults, controlling for age and sex.Method: We included 72 participants, mean age: 62.9 (SD 8.6, range 41–76) from a Norwegian memory clinic; eight were diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline, 32 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 30 with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT), and two with combined DAT and vascular dementia (VaD). Data were examined in three fitted multiple linear regression models using the CERAD-WL immediate and delayed recall, and MMSE as dependent variables; and SBP, t-tau, and Aβ as independent variables, controlling for age and sex.Results: The strongest associations were found in the model using CERAD-WL delayed recall as the dependent variable, where 45% of the variance was explained (standardized Beta = −0.313, p = 0.004 for t-tau and standardized Beta −0.238, p = 0.01 for SBP). The unique contribution of age was close to 8%, t-tau close to 7%, and SBP above 5%. When cardiovascular medication was entered into the analysis, the explained variance increased to 51% and Aβ became significant (standardized Beta = 0.216, p = 0.03). Participants on this medication exhibited worse performance on CERAD-WL delayed recall than those who were not on medication. Age (7%), t-tau (6%), and SBP (5%) showed the same unique contribution, whereas medication contributed 6% and Aβ contributed 4%. CERAD-WL immediate recall, and MMSE yielded similar findings, but explained variance was poorer for these two variables.Conclusions: Both elevated SBP and t-tau were associated with poorer cognitive performance, especially delayed recall. Those on cardiovascular medication were more impaired than were participants who were not on this medication—a finding that probably reflected cerebral incidents in the medicated group.