bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property in the field of information and communication technologies
Authors: Zerov Kostiantyn 
Published: November 2021

Keywords: IT, computer program, copyright, creative industry
The article discusses the main issues regarding IP-protection in the sphere of information (information and communication) technologies — one of thelargest creative industries in Ukraine. Development and capitalization of informationtechnologies are impossible without proper legal protection of intellectual propertybecause the basis of the creative industry is the creation of creative products — goodsand services created/provided by cultural (artistic) and/or creative expression andhave high added value and are objects of intellectual property rights, which determinesthe relevance of this study.It is noted that basic types of economic activity that belong to the creative industriesare defined at the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and areaimed at creating and distributing intellectual property rights to already createdcopies (or copies) of software. It is assumed that the tax legislation of Ukraine stipulatesthat certain business transactions for the “publication” of software must be carriedout based on contracts for the supply of software and not based on contracts forthe transfer of intellectual property rights.A brief description of copyright objects in the field of information technology andthe possibilities of their legal protection, namely a computer program, databases, andwebsite, is given. It is noted that the website may combine different intellectual propertyrights.The issue of intellectual property rights distribution on the object created in connectionwith the implementation of the employment agreement (contract) and on theobject created by the order is investigated. It is concluded that the law of Ukraine.“On Stimulating the Development of the Digital Economy in Ukraine” eliminated theconflict between the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On Copyright andRelated Rights” on the distribution of property copyrights on official works. The currentapproach to the distribution of economic copyright rights is harmonized with Europeanstandards.
Objection to the trademark application or the action of international registration of a trademark in Ukraine
Authors: Kharchenko Olesia 
Published: November 2021

Keywords: objection, opposition, trademark, appellate chamber, period of opposition
The article analyses themain approaches to the practice of filing and the consequences of filing objections ofthird parties against trademark applications or international trademark registrationsbased on a study of the provisions of regulations of Ukraine and foreign countries.The filing of an objection to an application for a trademark is defined as theright of any third party to state its views on the inconsistency of the designation appliedfor registration with the conditions of granting legal protection. It is concludedthat this procedure in Ukraine is not fully harmonized with the practice of the EuropeanUnion: Ukrainian law does not provide for the submission — of observation ofthird parties, when the trademark cannot be registered ex officio. Such observationcan be submitted by any person free of charge, but this person will not become a partyto the proceedings during the designation examination.It is determined that this right in Ukraine can be exercised within several instances:1) Objection of a third party, which is filed at the stage of examination of the designation;2) Objection of a third party, which is submitted to the Appeals Chamber of the NationalIntellectual Property Authority;3) Appeal of the approved decision of the Appeals Chamber of the National IntellectualProperty Authority in court.The article provides suggestions for improving the procedure for filing objections toan application for a trademark or the action of international registration of a trademarkin Ukraine:1) granting the right to third parties to submit to the National Intellectual PropertyAuthority free observations against trademark applications that do not relate to«relative» grounds for refusal of the legal protection of the designation.2) increase the fee for filing an objection to a trademark application or internationaltrademark registration to reduce the number of filing of unscrupulous objections,the purpose of which is to increase the term of registration of the applicant'strademark.3) extension of the terms of payment of the state fee for issuing a certificate ofUkraine for a trademark and the fee for the publication of the issuance of a certificatefor up to five months for those applications for trademarks against whichthird parties have filed objections.
Certain aspects of possible codification of legislation of intellectual property law
Authors: Shtefan Olena 
Published: November 2021

Keywords: recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine, codification of legislation onintellectual property law, subject and method of intellectual property law
The article examines the issues related to the possibility ofcodification of legislation in the field of intellectual property rights. Currently, inUkraine there is a three-tier regulation of public relations in the field of intellectualproperty law. On the one hand, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the rules of which are characterizedby a corresponding nature, terminological inconsistency with special legislation;special legislation regulating legal relations arising from the creation and use ofcertain objects of intellectual property rights; as well as the provisions of ratified internationallegal acts in this area. Such legislation does not contribute to effectiveprotection or effective protection of intellectual property rights.The updating of the Civil Code of Ukraine will not improve the situation regardingproper legislative support in this area, and may lead to new conflicts.
Based on the analysis of existing approaches in legal doctrine on the possible codificationof legislation in the field of intellectual property law, it is concluded that it ispossible if the latter is separated into an independent branch of law, characterized bythe subject and method of legal regulation. The existing approach to the definition ofthe subject of regulation in the doctrine of intellectual property law coincides with thecivilized approaches and does not reflect the specifics of legal relations that characterizethe field of intellectual property. The subject of intellectual property law is notlimited to private law relations, public law is also quite common. In this regard, it isproposed to understand the subject as a legal relationship arising in connection withthe creation, use and protection of intellectual property rights. It is proved that theright of intellectual property can be separated into an independent branch of law andto codify its legislation. This will be facilitated by the interest of the state and the correspondingpolitical will to do so.
Exploring the Thickness-Dependence of the Properties of Layered Gallium Sulfide
Authors: Gutiérrez Yael , Giangregorio Maria M. , Dicorato Stefano , Palumbo Fabio , Losurdo Maria 
Published: November 2021

Group III layered monochalcogenide gallium sulfide, GaS, is one of the latest additions to the two-dimensional (2D) materials family, and of particular interest for visible-UV optoelectronic applications due to its wide bandgap energy in the range 2.35–3.05 eV going from bulk to monolayer. Interestingly, when going to the few-layer regime, changes in the electronic structure occur, resulting in a change in the properties of the material. Therefore, a systematic study on the thickness dependence of the different properties of GaS is needed. Here, we analyze mechanically exfoliated GaS layers transferred to glass substrates. Specifically, we report the dependence of the Raman spectra, photoluminescence, optical transmittance, resistivity, and work function on the thickness of GaS. Those findings can be used as guidance in designing devices based on GaS.
The Association Between Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation and Revascularization in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease After Catheter Ablation
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Zhao Jiangtao , Zhu Kui , Qin Fen , Liu Hengdao , Tao Hailong 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The connection between revascularization for coronary artery disease (CAD) and the incidence of recurrent events of atrial fibrillation (AF) after ablation is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between coronary revascularization and AF recurrence in patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).Methods: Four hundred and nineteen patients who underwent performed coronary angiography at the same time as RFCA were enrolled in this study. Obstructive CAD was defined as at least one coronary artery vessel stenosis of ≥75% and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was recommended. Non-obstructive CAD was defined as coronary artery vessel stenosis of &lt;75%. The endpoint was freedom from recurrence from AF after RFCA during the 24-month follow-up.Results: In total, 102, 95, and 212 patients were undergone coronary angiography and diagnosed as having obstructive CAD, Non-obstructive CAD, and Non-CAD, respectively. During the 24-month follow-up period, patients without obstructive CAD were significantly more likely to achieve freedom from AF than patients with obstructive CAD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.41; P = 0.001). The recurrence rate of AF was significantly lower in patients who underwent PCI than in those who did not (HR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.80; P = 0.007). The multivariate regression analysis showed that the other predictors of AF recurrence for obstructive CAD were multivessel stenosis (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.04–3.54; P = 0.036) and left atrial diameter (HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.31–5.00; P = 0.006).Conclusions: This study suggests that obstructive CAD is associated with a higher rate of AF recurrence. Additionally, For patients with CAD, coronary revascularization is related to a lower recurrence rate of AF after RFCA.
Multimodal Diagnostic Workup of Primary Pericardial Mesothelioma: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Wang Zhi , Yang Ying , Xiong Yan , Wang Wei , Qiu Jianxing , Zhao Kai , Zheng Bo 
Published: November 2021

Background: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare tumor, and early identification and accurate diagnosis may improve its clinical outcome.Case presentation: In this study, we reported a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea. Conventional transthoracic echocardiography showed massive pericardial effusion. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed a hyper-enhancing mass in the pericardium. Further imaging methods, including cardiac MRI and positron emission tomography/computed tomography, showed invasion of the pericardial mass into the adjacent tissues and distant metastases. Pathologic examination of a puncture biopsy specimen finally confirmed the diagnosis of PPM.Conclusion: Pericardial masses are difficult to detect when a large amount of pericardial effusion is present and the mass is small. The combination of multiple modalities plays a meaningful role in identifying PPM.
Parameter Optimization of Segmental Multicluster Fractured Horizontal Wells in Extremely Rich Gas Condensate Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Zhipeng Wei , Jinwei Wang , Rumin Liu , Tao Wang , Guannan Han 
Published: November 2021

For economic and efficient development of extremely high-condensate shale gas reservoirs, a numerical model of segmental multicluster fractured horizontal well was established considering the effect of condensate and desorption, and the optimization of fracturing segments, fracturing clusters, half-length of main fracture, fracture permeability, fracture mesh density, and fracture distribution patterns were studied. It is indicated that the horizontal well whose design length is 2,700 m performs best when it has 43 fracturing segments with three clusters in each segment and the fracture permeability is 300 mD. The production capacity of horizontal wells is positively linearly correlated with the half-length of fractures. Increasing fracture half-length would be an effective way to produce condensate oil near wellbore. An effective fractured area can be constructed to remarkably improve productivity when the half-length of the fracture is 50 m and the number of secondary fractures is four in each segment. On the basis of reasonable fracture parameters, the staggered type distribution pattern is beneficial to the efficient development of shale gas-condensate reservoirs because of its large reconstruction volume, far pressure wave, small fracture interference, and small precipitation range of condensate.
Novel Effects of Combination Therapy Through Inhibition of Caspase-1/Gasdermin D Induced-Pyroptosis in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Cao Heng , Liang Junyu , Liu Jing , He Ye , Ke Yini , Sun Yiduo , Jiang Song , Lin Jin 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesCombination therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and steroids are effective in achieving complete remission in lupus nephritis (LN). Combination therapy uniquely downregulated caspase-1 compared with monotherapies, which can cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) and was recently identified as the pyroptosis executioner. We therefore investigated whether combination therapy enabled the suppression of caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in LN.MethodsExpression and activation of GSDMD were detected in kidney specimens of the human and mouse with LN using immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting. Primary podocytes isolated from MRL/lpr mice were incubated with LPS+ATP, and pretreated with monotherapy or combination therapy. Inhibition of caspase-1/GSDMD-induced pyroptosis by combination therapy were assessed in MRL/lpr mice and human specimens. Pyroptosis was examined using a FAM caspase-1 kit and flow cytometry. The correlation between pyroptosis in peripheral blood and the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) was analyzed.ResultsKidney tissue specimens from LN patients and mice exhibited greatly increased expression levels and cleavage of GSDMD. In cultured podocytes, combination treatment significantly suppressed the activation of NLRP3 and caspase-1 and reduced GSDMD N-terminal levels. Combination therapy repressed disease progression through inhibition of caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in both humans and MRL/lpr mice. Caspase-1/PI positive cell numbers in peripheral blood were positively correlated with SLE-DAI. LN patients with complete remission and partial remission had remarkably reduced caspase-1/PI positive cell numbers compared to baseline. Ac-FLTD-CMK, a GSDMD-derived inhibitor, prevented the development of LN.ConclusionCombination therapy suppressed caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo and reduced disease progression.
High Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability and Cost-Effectiveness of the Chinese 2-Valent Vaccine Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shenyang, China
Authors: Ye Ze-Hao , Liu Zhao-Zhen , Cui Si-Tong , Chu Zhen-Xing , Jiang Yong-Jun , Xu Jun-Jie , Hu Qing-Hai , Shang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite the insupportable burden caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and high vaccine acceptability, vaccination programs are not currently available for men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to assess HPV infection by examining the willingness for vaccination among MSM and cost-effectiveness of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Methods: We recruited MSM in Shenyang, China between July and December 2020 to conduct anal HPV testing and an online survey regarding HPV-related knowledge and vaccine acceptability. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine.Results: A total of 234 participants completed the online survey; of those, 203 were successfully tested for HPV. The median age was 30 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–38 years]. Most participants had at least undergraduate education (136/234, 58.1%). The acceptability rate for the free HPV vaccine was 57.7% (135/234). The prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 was 14.9% (18/121) and 26.8% (22/82) in the willing and unwilling to vaccinate groups, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The prevalence of high-risk HPV among participants aged &lt;30 and ≥50 years was 48.6 and 38.9%, respectively. Using the Chinese per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as a threshold, the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine would be a “very cost-effective” strategy, with an ICER value of USD 4,411. This evidence showed that the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine was more cost-effective than other imported vaccines.Conclusions: Targeted strategies should be utilized in MSM with different rates of vaccine acceptability. A pilot HPV vaccination program based on the Chinese 2-valent HPV vaccine for MSM is urgently warranted to reduce the burden of HPV and anal cancer.
Segmental Alterations of the Corpus Callosum in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Bârlescu Lavinia A. , Müller Hans-Peter , Uttner Ingo , Ludolph Albert C. , Pinkhardt Elmar H. , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Kassubek Jan 
Published: November 2021

Background: The regional distribution of the widespread cerebral morphological alterations in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is considered to include segmental parts of the corpus callosum (CC).Objective: The study was designed to investigate the regional white matter (WM) of the CC by T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1w MRI) data combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in PSP patients, differentiated in the variants Richardson syndrome and PSP-parkinsonism, and to compare them with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients and healthy controls, in order to identify macro- and micro-structural alterations in vivo.Methods: MRI-based WM mapping was used to perform an operator-independent segmentation for the different CC segments in 66 PSP patients vs. 66 PD patients vs. 44 matched healthy controls. The segmentation was followed by both planimetric and texture analysis of the separated CC areas for the comparison of the three groups. Results were complemented by a DTI-based tract-of-interest analysis of the associated callosal tracts.Results: Significant alterations of the parameters entropy and homogeneity compared to controls were observed for PSP as well as for PD for the CC areas I, II, and III. The inhomogeneity in area II in the PSP cohort was the highest and differed significantly from PD. A combined score was defined as a potential marker for the different types of neurodegenerative parkinsonism; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated with areas under the curve values of 0.86 for PSP vs. controls, 0.72 for PD vs. controls, and 0.69 for PSP vs. PD, respectively.Conclusion: The multiparametric MRI texture and DTI analysis demonstrated extensive alterations of the frontal CC in neurodegenerative parkinsonism, whereas regional CC atrophy cannot be regarded as a constant neuroimaging feature of PSP. Specifically, the comparison PSP vs. PD revealed significant alterations in callosal area II. The combination of the texture and the DTI parameters might contribute as a neuroimaging marker for the assessment of the CC in PSP, including the differentiation vs. PD.
Higher Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline and Less Cerebral Aβ-Amyloid Accumulation Over 126 Months: Data From the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study
Authors: Gardener Samantha L. , Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Villemagne Victor L. , Fripp Jurgen , Doré Vincent , Bourgeat Pierrick , Taddei Kevin , Fowler Christopher , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul , Rowe Christopher C. , Ames David , Martins Ralph N. ,   the AIBL Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background: Worldwide, coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed. Several studies have suggested a protective role of coffee, including reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is limited longitudinal data from cohorts of older adults reporting associations of coffee intake with cognitive decline, in distinct domains, and investigating the neuropathological mechanisms underpinning any such associations.Methods: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported habitual coffee intake, and cognitive decline assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in 227 cognitively normal older adults from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (AIBL) study, over 126 months. In a subset of individuals, we also investigated the relationship between habitual coffee intake and cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation (n = 60) and brain volumes (n = 51) over 126 months.Results: Higher baseline coffee consumption was associated with slower cognitive decline in executive function, attention, and the AIBL Preclinical AD Cognitive Composite (PACC; shown reliably to measure the first signs of cognitive decline in at-risk cognitively normal populations), and lower likelihood of transitioning to mild cognitive impairment or AD status, over 126 months. Higher baseline coffee consumption was also associated with slower Aβ-amyloid accumulation over 126 months, and lower risk of progressing to “moderate,” “high,” or “very high” Aβ-amyloid burden status over the same time-period. There were no associations between coffee intake and atrophy in total gray matter, white matter, or hippocampal volume.Discussion: Our results further support the hypothesis that coffee intake may be a protective factor against AD, with increased coffee consumption potentially reducing cognitive decline by slowing cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation, and thus attenuating the associated neurotoxicity from Aβ-amyloid-mediated oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Further investigation is required to evaluate whether coffee intake could be incorporated as a modifiable lifestyle factor aimed at delaying AD onset.
Denervation Dynamics After Intramuscular BNT Injection in Patients With Focal Spasticity Monitored by MRI and Dynamometry–a Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Macher Stefan , Unger Ewald , Zalaudek Martin , Weber Michael , Kranz Gottfried , Kranz Georg , Kasprian Gregor , Sycha Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Botulinumtoxin associated muscle denervation (BNTMD) can be detected by magnet resonance imaging (MRI), MRI may provide further insights into the exact timeline of BNTMD and the potential impact and timing of physical exercise. We aimed to assess the time interval until detection of BNTMD by MRI and whether immediate physical exercise after intramuscular BNT injection has a measurable effect on clinical parameters and the intramuscular denervation dynamics illustrated by MRI.Materials and Methods: Eleven age-matched patients were randomized to an “exercise” or “no-exercise” group. Eighty mouse-units of incobotulinumtoxin were injected into the spastic biceps muscle. MRI of the injected region, hand-held dynamometry of elbow flexor strength and clinical rating scales (mAS, CGI-I) were conducted in predefined intervals.Results: We could not detect BNTMD within 24 h but 7 days after injection independent of group allocation (exercise n = 6, no-exercise n = 5). Denervation signs were more diffuse and spread into adjacent muscles in patients having received exercise. We could not detect differences concerning clinical measures between the two groups.Conclusions: Physical exercise might influence BNTMD dynamics and promote propagation of T2-MR muscle denervation signs from the injected site into adjacent muscles.Trial registration:clinicaltrialsregister.eu, Identifier 2017-003117-25.