bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive knotweed (Polygonum spp.) movement in a northern New Hampshire (USA) stream system
Authors: Charpentier Jessica E. , Gunn John S. , Cheng Matthew L.H. , Licht Sofia , McCoy Jon H. , Truscott Jonathan C. , Furey Nathan B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon-native plants negatively impact ecosystems via a variety of mechanisms, including in forested riparian areas. Japanese knotweed [Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.] and its hybrids (referred to as Polygonum spp. hereafter) are widely spread throughout North America and can impact flora and fauna of riparian habitats. Thus, information improving our ability to understand and predict the potential spread and colonization of Polygonum spp. is valuable. One dispersal mechanism is hydrochory (i.e., dispersal by water), including the downstream dispersal of viable stems that can facilitate rapid invasion within a watershed. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry in experimental releases of Polygonum spp. stems to track the downstream transport of Polygonum spp. in a small (second-order) stream in northern New Hampshire, USA, in the summers of 2021 and 2022. A total of 180 (90 each year) Polygonum spp. stems were released at three sites within the stream reach, with 185 (∼98%) being recaptured at least once, with a total of 686 recaptures. Individual relocated stems moved a maximum distance of 30 to 875 m downstream in 2021 and 13 to 1,233 m in 2022 during regular flows; however, a high-streamflow event in July 2021 flushed out all remaining stems downstream of the study area. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) identified site-specific differences in stem movement rates and a general reduction in movement rates with increased duration of time elapsed since post-release. In general, Polygonum spp. stems moved farther downstream in sites with lower channel sinuosity, although other fine-scale habitat factors (e.g., water depth, habitat type, and presence of wood and debris jams) likely contribute to the ability for Polygonum spp. to further disperse or otherwise be retained within the channel. Thus, stream morphology and stream flow are likely to affect where Polygonum spp. stems will be retained and potentially reestablish. Predictive tools identifying areas of higher probability of hydrochory-based dispersal could help to focus removal efforts when employed or to identify riparian habitats at highest risk for spread.
Ages and Stages Questionnaires in the assessment of young children after cardiac surgery
Authors: Sabarigirivasan Vaishnavi , Read Julie S. , Ridout Deborah , Hoskote Aparna , Sheehan Karen , Wellman Paul , Jones Alison , Wray Jo , Brown Katherine L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAims:This study explored the prospective use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 in follow-up after cardiac surgery.Materials and Method:For children undergoing cardiac surgery at 5 United Kingdom centres, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 were administered 6 months and 2 years later, with an outcome based on pre-defined cut-points: Red = 1 or more domain scores >2 standard deviations below the normative mean, Amber = 1 or more domain scores 1–2 standard deviations below the normal range based on the manual, Green = scores within the normal range based on the manual.Results:From a cohort of 554 children <60 months old at surgery, 306 participated in the postoperative assessment: 117 (38.3%) were scored as Green, 57 (18.6%) as Amber, and 132 (43.1%) as Red. Children aged 6 months at first assessment (neonatal surgery) were likely to score Red (113/124, 85.6%) compared to older age groups (n = 32/182, 17.6%). Considering risk factors of congenital heart complexity, univentricular status, congenital comorbidity, and child age in a logistic regression model for the outcome of Ages and Stages score Red, only younger age was significant (p < 0.001). 87 children had surgery in infancy and were reassessed as toddlers. Of these, 43 (49.2%) improved, 30 (34.5%) stayed the same, and 13 (16.1%) worsened. Improved scores were predominantly in those who had a first assessment at 6 months old.Discussion:The Ages and Stages Questionnaires results are most challenging to interpret in young babies of 6 months old who are affected by complex CHD.
Time series analysis of GSS bonds Part 2 – further univariate analysis of S&P Green Bond Index
Authors: Dey Debashish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The popularity of green, social and sustainability-linked bonds (GSS bonds) continues to rise, with circa US$939 billion of such bonds issued globally in 2023. Given the rising popularity of ESG-related investment solutions, their relatively recent emergence, and limited research in this field, continued investigation is essential. Extending non-traditional techniques such as neural networks to these fields creates a good blend of innovation and potential. This paper follows on from our initial publication, where we aim to replicate the S&P Green Bond Index (i.e. this is a time series problem) over a period using non-traditional techniques (neural networks) predicting 1 day ahead. We take a novel approach of applying an N-BEATS model architecture. N-BEATS is a complex feedforward neural network architecture, consisting of basic building blocks and stacks, introducing the novel doubly residual stacking of backcasts and forecasts. In this paper, we also revisit the neural network architectures from our initial publication, which include DNNs, CNNs, GRUs and LSTMs. We continue the univariate time series problem, increasing the data input window from 1 day to 2 and 5 days respectively, whilst still aiming to predict 1 day ahead.
Deciphering the concurrent phenomenon of childhood malnutrition by using the extended composite index of anthropometric failure (ECIAF): facts from the BESLEN project
Authors: Dumlu Bilgin Gözde , Kaya Cebioğlu İrem , Kavsara Hasan Kaan , Sarioğlu Aybüke , Keküllüoğlu Tan Melis , Aydin Sema , Usta Pınar , Okan Bakir Binnur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the co-existence of single and multiple anthropometric failures among children using an extended composite index of anthropometric failure (ECIAF). This study aims to elucidate the complex interplay between child-specific and maternal factors, highlighting the multifaceted nature of childhood malnutrition.

Design:
A multicentre cross-sectional study as part of the BESLEN project

Setting:
Mother-Child Education Centre in the Pendik district of Istanbul, Türkiye

Participants:
1283 children (preschool children, n 822, school-aged children, n 462) and 1044 mothers

Results:
Almost 1/3 of the children included in the study had an anthropometric failure as determined by ECIAF. Weight excess was the leading cause of the total anthropometric failures, most of which were observed to be slightly higher in boys, except for stunting only and co-occurrence of stunting and underweight. Among the mother-related factors, including higher BMI and waist circumference, low maternal age at delivery, low number of children in the household and being a single parent may be considered predisposing factors to any phenomenon of childhood malnutrition. Among child-related factors, birth weight being ≥ 3500 g had a higher risk for ECIAF failure, and children aged ≥ 60 months were more likely to experience stunting and underweight, while those < 60 months had a higher prevalence of weight excess.

Conclusions:
The co-existence of stunting and overweight, the occurrence of weight excess in one in three stunted children and the high risk of central obesity are public health concerns. Also, ECIAF can better assess all aspects of childhood malnutrition than conventional measures.
Ex-situ evaluation of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) germplasm to unravel the genetic diversity of leaf essential oils
Authors: Raghu Borehalli Rangaswamy , Shivashankara Kodthalu Seetharamaiah , Mahadappa Priyanka , Lokesha Ankanahalli Narayanashetty , Nandini Kebbahalli Shivashankarappa , Rao Vala Keshava , Prasanna H.C. , Dutta Sudip Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study was conducted with the objective of studying the genetic diversity of essential oils (EOs) in curry leaf (CL) ex-situ. Chemometric methods and pattern analysis were employed to assess the genetic diversity of EOs and to characterise diverse sets of CL germplasm into different chemotypes. The study revealed a huge genetic diversity for EO yield and its composition among the tested genotypes. Cultivated types had significantly higher EO yields and showed a greater degree of genetic divergence compared to wild types. In total, 80 different compounds were identified in the EOs of CL and classified into major (6) and minor (74) compounds. The major compounds α-pinene, γ-terpinene, and α-selinene and 14 minor compounds were highly variable among the tested genotypes. They may play an important role in the formation of different chemotypes. Other important compounds, such as trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene, were more widely distributed among the tested genotypes and indicated their predominant occurrence in the EOs of CL. Some major compounds, such as valencene and γ-terpinene, showed a significant regional correlation, indicating the role of geographic factors in the evolution of different chemotypes. Furthermore, some compounds such as α-pinene, bornyl acetate, and camphene had significantly higher concentrations in wild types compared to cultivated types, indicating the influence of domestication through human selection on the composition of EOs in CL. A total of 4 major chemotypes were characterised, of which three new chemotypes are being reported for the first time in CL.
Effect of fall-planted cover crops on weed suppression, grain sorghum yield, and profitability in the semi-arid Central Great Plains
Authors: Dhanda Sachin , Kumar Vipan , Dille J. Anita , Obour Augustine , Yeager Elizabeth A. , Holman Johnathan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integrating cover crops (CC) in dryland crop rotations could help in controlling herbicide-resistant weeds. Field experiments were conducted at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS from 2020-2023 to determine the effect of fall-planted CC on weed suppression in grain sorghum, crop yield, and net returns in no-till dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow (W-S-F) rotation. The field site had a natural seedbank of glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). A CC mixture (triticale/winter peas/radish/rapeseed) was planted after wheat harvest and terminated at triticale heading stage before sorghum planting. Treatments included nontreated control, chemical fallow, CC terminated with glyphosate (GLY), and CC terminated with GLY+ acetochlor/atrazine (ACR/ATZ). Across three years, CC terminated with GLY+ACR/ATZ reduced total weed density by 34-81% and total weed biomass by 45-73% compared to chemical fallow during the sorghum growing season. Average grain sorghum yield was 786 to 1432 kg ha-1 and did not differ between chemical fallow and CC terminated with GLY+ACR/ATZ. However, net returns were lower with both CC treatments (USD -$275 to $66) in all three years compared to chemical fallow (USD -$111 to $120). These results suggest that fallow replacement with fall-planted CC in the W-S-F rotation can help suppress GR B. scoparia and A. palmeri in the subsequent grain sorghum. However, the cost of integrating CC exceeded the benefits of improved weed control and lower net returns were recorded in all three years compared to chemical fallow.
Adopting Older Children
Authors: Bejenaru Anca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Introduction: In the last 7 years, against the backdrop of policy changes in the field of child adoption, an increasing number of Romanians have adopted children over 5 years old. Aim: The present study explores how women transition to motherhood when adopting older children. I focus on their experiences, the demands they face, their coping strategies, and the resources available to them. Methods: We interviewed 19 adoptive mothers using a narrative interview and analyzed the data thematically, resulting in three main themes and eight subthemes. Results: Many demands arose from the older children’s behaviors and attitudes and their challenges in forming new bonds and adjusting to the adoptive family system. These demands were felt by mothers as overwhelming, leading to fatigue, uncertainty, and sometimes anxiety. Most mothers relied on informal support, as formal resources in the private system proved costly, with few free options from the state. Conclusion: The study presents recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to adequately prepare parents for the adoption process and the development of support services for the postadoption period.
Retrieval of Cloud Macro‐Physical Properties Using theFY‐4A Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS)
Authors: Guo Bin , Zhang Feng , Zhao Zhijun , Guo Jinyu , Li Wenwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach for conducting all‐day retrieval of cloud macro‐physical properties (single‐layer cloud phase, cloud top height, and cloud base height for optical thickness less than 10) using the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) and the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the geostationary meteorological satellite Fengyun‐4A based on machine learning methods. Model accuracy was compared after integrating ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA‐5) data, atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, and GIIRS clear‐column radiance. Results demonstrate that integrating GIIRS clear‐column radiances can enhance the precision of cloud phase classification and the retrieval of cloud macro‐physical properties. This effectively replaces the role of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, which are typically required for thermal infrared remote sensing retrieval. Moreover, the issue of delayed acquisition of ERA‐5 atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles is mitigated, enabling near real‐time and all‐day retrieval of cloud macro‐physical properties.
Seismoelectric Conversion at Poroelastic/Elastic Interfaces and the Role of Dielectric Permittivity: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Bernardo Natael , Martins‐Gomes Victor , Bordes Clarisse , Brito Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeismoelectric phenomena, caused by electrokinetic coupling between seismic and electromagnetic fields, have attracted significant interest in geological reservoir characterization for their sensitivity to pore‐fluid contrasts. Consequently, most studies have focused on seismic‐to‐electromagnetic conversions at fluid/poroelastic and poroelastic/poroelastic interfaces. However, when investigating permeable zones in unfractured media, often associated with geothermal reservoirs, poroelastic/elastic interfaces must be considered. To address this, we conducted laboratory and numerical experiments using a container filled with quartz sand saturated with a NaCl solution, with one of five thin layers made of different materials (four elastic and one poroelastic) embedded within the sand. Our numerical simulations assume an elastic medium as poroelastic using limiting values for certain physical parameters. The results confirm that seismoelectric conversion occurs at poroelastic/elastic transitions, showing a strong agreement between experiments and simulations. Furthermore, we inferred that the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves generated at poroelastic/elastic interfaces are mainly controlled by contrasts of dielectric permittivity.
AqUavplant Dataset: A High-Resolution Aquatic Plant Classification and Segmentation Image Dataset Using UAV
Authors: Istiak Md. Abrar , Khan Razib Hayat , Rony Jahid Hasan , Syeed M. M. Mahbubul , Ashrafuzzaman M. , Karim Md. Rajaul , Hossain Md Shakhawat , Uddin Mohammad Faisal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAquatic vegetation species are declining gradually, posing a threat to the stability of aquatic ecosystems. The decline can be controlled with proper monitoring and mapping of the species for effective conservation and management. The Unmanned Ariel Vehicle (UAV) aka Drone can be deployed to comprehensively capture large area of water bodies for effective mapping and monitoring. This study developed the AqUavplant dataset consisting of 197 high resolution (3840px × 2160px, 4K) images of 31 aquatic plant species collected from nine different sites in Bangladesh. The DJI Mavic 3 Pro triple-camera professional drone is used with a ground sampling distance (GSD) value of 0.04-0.05 cm/px for optimal image collection without losing detail. The dataset is complemented with binary and multiclass semantic segmentation mask to facilitate ML based model development for automatic plant mapping. The dataset can be used to detect the diversity of indigenous and invasive species, monitor plant growth and diseases, measure the growth ratio to preserve biodiversity, and prevent extinction.
Feasibility test of per-flight contrail avoidance in commercial aviation
Authors: Sonabend-W Aaron , Elkin Carl , Dean Thomas , Dudley John , Ali Noman , Blickstein Jill , Brand Erica , Broshears Brian , Chen Sixing , Engberg Zebediah , Galyen Mark , Geraedts Scott , Goyal Nita , Grenham Rebecca , Hager Ulrike , Hecker Deborah , Jany Marco , McCloskey Kevin , Ng Joe , Norris Brian , Opel Frank , Rothenberg Juliet , Sankar Tharun , Sanekommu Dinesh , Sarna Aaron , Schütt Ole , Shapiro Marc , Soh Rachel , Van Arsdale Christopher , Platt John C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContrails, formed by aircraft engines, are a major component of aviation’s impact on anthropogenic climate change. Contrail avoidance is a potential option to mitigate this warming effect, however, uncertainties surrounding operational constraints and accurate formation prediction make it unclear whether it is feasible. Here we address this gap with a feasibility test through a randomized controlled trial of contrail avoidance in commercial aviation at the per-flight level. Predictions for regions prone to contrail formation came from a physics-based simulation model and a machine learning model. Participating pilots made altitude adjustments based on contrail formation predictions for flights assigned to the treatment group. Using satellite-based imagery we observed 64% fewer contrails in these flights relative to the control group flights, a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.0331). Our targeted per-flight intervention allowed the airline to track their expected vs actual fuel usage, we found that there is a 2% increase in fuel per adjusted flight. This study demonstrates that per-flight detectable contrail avoidance is feasible in commercial aviation.
Illuminated granular water ice shows ‘dust’ emission
Authors: Kreuzig C. , Brecher J. N. , Meier G. , Schuckart C. , Molinski N. S. , Pfeifer J. , Markkanen J. , Knoop C. , Timpe M. , Goldmann M. , Knollenberg J. , Gundlach B. , Blum J. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Water ice in micro-granular form is the most common volatile in comets, and its behaviour when approaching the Sun must be understood before cometary activity can be properly modelled.
Aims. To assess the properties of granular water ice, we investigated its evolution under illumination in a cryogenic high-vacuum environment.
Methods. We produced a sample of water ice consisting of micrometre-sized particles, placed it inside a thermal vacuum chamber, and exposed it to high-intensity visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) illumination. Due to the energy absorption within the NIR bands of the ice, the sample is locally heated, which causes evaporation close to the surface. The total mass loss of the irradiated sample was measured using a scale and the surface temperatures were recorded with an infrared camera. Furthermore, we used several cameras to observe surface changes and ejected solid particles.
Results. We derived the mass loss due to water-ice sublimation from the spatially resolved surface temperatures. This mass loss amounts to 68%–77% of the total mass loss. The remaining fraction (between 23% and 32%) of the mass is ejected in solid particles, which can be seen by the naked eye.
Conclusions. The self-ejection of water-ice grains can be explained by a geometrical model that describes the sublimation of the icy constituents of the sample, taking into account the size distribution of the water-ice particles and the volume filling factor (VFF) of the sample. According to this model, solid ice particles are emitted when they (or the particle cluster they belong to) lose contact with the sample due to the faster evaporation of a smaller connecting ice grain. We discuss the possible relevance of this process for cometary dust activity.
Molecular chemistry induced by a J-shock toward supernova remnant W51C
Authors: Tu Tian-Yu , Wakelam Valentine , Chen Yang , Zhou Ping , Zhang Qian-Qian 
Published: December 2024

Context. Shock waves from supernova remnants (SNRs) strongly affect the physical and chemical properties of molecular clouds (MCs). Shocks propagating into magnetized MCs can be classified into jump or J-shocks and continuous or C-shocks. The molecular chemistry in the re-formed molecular gas behind J-shocks is still only poorly understood. It is expected to provide a comprehensive view of the chemical feedback of SNRs and the chemical effects of J-shocks.
Aims. We conducted a W-band (71.4–89.7 GHz) observation toward a re-formed molecular clump behind a J-shock induced by SNR W51C with the Yebes 40 m radio telescope to study the molecular chemistry in the re-formed molecular gas.
Methods. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), we estimated the column densities of HCO+, HCN, C2H and o-c-C3H2, and derived their abundance ratio maps with CO. The gas density was constrained by a non-LTE analysis of the HCO+ J = 1–0 line. The abundance ratios were compared with the values in typical quiescent MCs and shocked MCs, and they were also compared with the results of chemical simulations with the Paris-Durham shock code to verify and investigate the chemical effects of J-shocks.
Results. We obtained the following abundance ratios: N(HCO+)/N(CO) ~ (1.0–4.0) × 10−4, N(HCN)/N(CO) ~ (1.8–5.3) × 10−4, N(C2H)/N(CO) ~ (1.6–5.0) × 10−3, and N(o-c-C3H2)/N(CO) ~ (1.2–7.9) × 10−4. The non-LTE analysis suggests that the gas density is nH2 ≳ 104 cm−3. We find that the N(C2H)/N(CO) and N(o-c-C3H2)/N(CO) are higher than typical values in quiescent MCs and shocked MCs by 1–2 orders of magnitude, which can be qualitatively attributed to the abundant C+ and C in the earliest phase of molecular gas re-formation. The Paris-Durham shock code can reproduce, although not perfectly, the observed abundance ratios, especially the enhanced N(C2H)/N(CO) and N(c-C3H2)/N(CO), with J-shocks propagating into both nonirradiated and irradiated molecular gas with a preshock density of nH = 2 × 103 cm−3.
Comparison of Adaptive and Nonadaptive Gap Detection in Noise Test in Typically Developing Children and Adults
Authors: Veeranna Sangamanatha Ankmnal , Christensen Lyerly , Candace-Ann Chapman Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether the gap detection thresholds (GDT) obtained are similar between an adaptive and nonadaptive procedure in children and adults.
Study Design Standard group comparison.
Study Sample Eighteen typically developing children and 20 young adults with hearing thresholds of 25 dB HL or lower participated in this study.
Methods Forced choice (FC) adaptive GDTs were obtained using psychoacoustic software, and nonadaptive GDTs were obtained using a clinically available gap in noise (GIN) test.
Results Both children and adults showed significantly lower GDTs for the FC adaptive procedure when compared with thresholds obtained using the nonadaptive GIN test. GDTs were less variable for FC adaptive procedure when compared with the nonadaptive procedure.
Conclusion Lower and less variable GDTs can be obtained from children and adults using an FC adaptive procedure.