bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of behavioral traits in a spider
Authors: Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Schneider Jutta M. , Kuntner Matjaž , Laskowski Kate , Garcia‐Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe existence of consistent individual differences in behavior has been shown in a number of species, and several studies have found observable sex differences in these behaviors, yet their evolutionary implications remain unclear. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of behavioral traits requires knowledge of their genetic architectures and whether this architecture differs between the sexes. We conducted a quantitative genetic study in a sexually size‐dimorphic spider, Larinioides sclopetarius, which exhibits sex differences in adult lifestyles. We observed pedigreed spiders for aggression, activity, exploration, and boldness and used animal models to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on these behaviors. We detected trends toward (i) higher additive genetic variances in aggression, activity, and exploration in males than females, and (ii) difference in variances due to common environment/maternal effects, permanent environment and residual variance in aggression and activity with the first two variances being higher in males for both behaviors. We found no sex differences in the amount of genetic and environmental variance in boldness. The mean heritability estimates of aggression, activity, exploration, and boldness range from 0.039 to 0.222 with no sizeable differences between females and males. We note that the credible intervals of the estimates are large, implying a high degree of uncertainty, which disallow a robust conclusion of sex differences in the quantitative genetic estimates. However, the observed estimates suggest that sex differences in the quantitative genetic architecture of the behaviors cannot be ruled out. Notably, the present study suggests that genetic underpinnings of behaviors may differ between sexes and it thus underscores the importance of taking sex differences into account in quantitative genetic studies.
Pleistocene divergence in the absence of gene flow among populations of a viviparous reptile with intraspecific variation in sex determination
Authors: Hill Peta , Wapstra Erik , Ezaz Tariq , Burridge Christopher P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolymorphisms can lead to genetic isolation if there is differential mating success among conspecifics divergent for a trait. Polymorphism for sex‐determining system may fall into this category, given strong selection for the production of viable males and females and the low success of heterogametic hybrids when sex chromosomes differ (Haldane's rule). Here we investigated whether populations exhibiting polymorphism for sex determination are genetically isolated, using the viviparous snow skink Carinascincus ocellatus. While a comparatively high elevation population has genotypic sex determination, in a lower elevation population there is an additional temperature component to sex determination. Based on 11,107 SNP markers, these populations appear genetically isolated. “Isolation with Migration” analysis also suggests these populations diverged in the absence of gene flow, across a period encompassing multiple Pleistocene glaciations and likely greater geographic proximity of populations. However, further experiments are required to establish whether genetic isolation may be a cause or consequence of differences in sex determination. Given the influence of temperature on sex in one lineage, we also discuss the implications for the persistence of this polymorphism under climate change.
Sex differences in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Yan Isabell , Schrage Benedikt , Weimann Jessica , Dabboura Salim , Hilal Rafel , Beer Benedikt N. , Becher Peter Moritz , Seiffert Moritz , Magnussen Christina , B. Schnabel Renate , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsDifferences between female and male patients in clinical presentation, causes and treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS) are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate sex differences in presentation with and treatment of CS.Methods and resultsWe analysed data of 978 patients presenting with CS to a tertiary care hospital between October 2009 and October 2017. Multivariable adjusted logistic/Cox regression models were fitted to investigate the association between sex and clinical presentation, use of treatments and 30 day mortality.Median age was 70 years (interquartile range 58–79 years), and 295 (30.2%) patients were female. After adjustment for multiple relevant confounders, female patients were more likely to be older [odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.42, P = 0.027], but other relevant presentation characteristics did not differ between both sexes. Despite the similar presentation, female patients were less likely to be treated with percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.94, P = 0.010), but more likely to be treated with catecholamines (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.44, P = 0.033) or vasopressors (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.50, P = 0.012). A 30 day mortality risk in female patients was as high as in male patients (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.18, P = 0.091).ConclusionsIn this large, contemporary cohort, clinical presentation was comparable in female and male patients, and both sexes were associated with a comparably high mortality risk. Nevertheless, female patients received different treatment for CS and were most importantly less likely to be treated with percutaneous left ventricular assist devices.
Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles as Catalytic Nanoreactors
Authors: Qu Peiyuan , Kuepfert Michael , Ahmed Eman , Liu Fangbei , Weck Marcus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCross‐linked micelles have emerged as promising catalyst supports over the past two decades due to their improved structural stability, chemical diversity in multiple domains, and catalyst recovery compared to their uncross‐linked analogues. We highlight the different physicochemical properties that arise by cross‐linking the shell or core‐domain and the subsequent impact on catalysis. Both, shell cross‐linked micelles (SCMs) and core cross‐linked micelles (CCMs) were initially designed to include one catalytic entity. Later on, SCMs were used to compartmentalize catalysts for non‐orthogonal tandem catalysis while CCMs were investigated as phase transfer agents in biphasic catalysis. Current challenges in this field and new design trends for advanced micellar nanoreactors are discussed.
Cost‐effective and Facile Production of a Phosphorus‐doped Graphite Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Pyridoxine
Authors: Dokur Ebrar , Gorduk Ozge , Sahin Yucel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study; a sensitive, selective, and simple electrochemical sensor was developed to determine low concentration pyridoxine (Py) using a phosphorus‐doped pencil graphite electrode (P‐doped/PGE). Electrode modification was implemented using the chronoamperometry method at +2.0 V constant potential and 100 seconds in 0.1 mol L−1 H3PO4 supporting electrolyte solution. The characterization processes of the P‐doped/PGE were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscope (AFM) methods. In the concentration study, using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method, a linear calibration plot was acquired in the concentration range of 0.5 to 300 μmol L−1 Py. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of the developed method were calculated as 0.219 μmol L−1 and 0.0656 μmol L−1, respectively. Detection of Py has been successfully performed on the P‐doped/PGE in the beverage samples. As a result, the method developed has been shown to have fast, low cost, and simple for the sensitive and selective detection of Py as an effective electrode.
Study the heat dissipation performance of lithium‐ion battery liquid cooling system based on flat heat pipe
Authors: Hu Hao , Xu Xiaoming , Li Renzheng , Yuan Qiuqi , Fu Jiaqi 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper improves the thermal management system of lithium‐ion battery through the high thermal conductivity flat heat pipe, and attempts to improve its performance. The adoption of flat heat pipes reduces the problem of poor heat dissipation in the direction of the coolant flow when the liquid cooling plate is used alone, and increases the heat conduction in the longitudinal direction of the battery. A three‐dimensional simulation model is established to study the influence of the number and width of flat heat pipes on the maximum temperature rise and temperature difference of lithium‐ion batteries at a certain discharge rate. It is found that after adding flat heat pipes, the maximum temperature rise and temperature difference of the battery decreased. The heat dissipation performance reaches the best when the flat heat pipe number is 11 and the maximum temperature difference can be controlled below 5°C at 3 C discharge rate with 11 flat heat pipes.
Differential game evolution of food quality safety based on market supply and demand
Authors: Chen Tingqiang , Zhang Jun , Luo Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrequent outbreaks of food quality and safety problems have seriously damaged the interests of consumers and reduced their confidence in China's food safety. In this study based on market supply and demand, we design a differential game model between food supplier and food retailer by considering different decision‐making situations. We also analyze the optimal revenue of the food supplier and food retailer on food quality efforts, the overall return of the supply chain, the level of food quality and safety, and their evolutionary characteristics. Results of the analysis indicate the following. (a) From the situation of decentralized decision‐making to the situation of decision‐making under the incentive strategy, a Pareto improvement occurs in the food quality and safety strategy of food supplier, food retailer, and even the entire food supply chain. (b) The optimal revenues of the supplier and retailer, overall supply chain revenue, and efforts of the supplier and retailer are all affected by changes in market supply and demand, resulting in drastic fluctuations. On the whole, food quality tends to improve over time and will fluctuate slightly due to changes in market supply and demand. (c) If the market supply is stable when supply exceeds demand and the market demand turns from a downward trend to an upward trend, then food quality safety risk will be higher than in other periods.
Could Nanotheranostics be the Answer to the Coronavirus Crisis?
Authors: Mosselhy Dina A. , Assad Mhd Adel , Sironen Tarja , Elbahri Mady 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is expanding worldwide. This pandemic associated with COVID‐19 placed the spotlight on how bacterial (e.g., methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus) co‐infections may impact responses to coronavirus. In this review the ways in which nanoparticles can contain and rapidly diagnose COVID‐19 under the umbrella of nanotheranostics (i.e., smart, single agents combining nanodiagnostics and nanotherapeutics) are elaborated. The present work provides new insights into the promising incorporation of antiviral nanotheranostics into nanostructured materials, including electrospun fibers with tailored pore sizes and hydrophobicity, namely “superhydrophobic self‐disinfecting electrospun facemasks/fabrics (SSEF).” SSEFs are proposed as smart alternatives to address the drawbacks of N95 respirators. The challenges of coronavirus containment are underscored, literature is reviewed, and “top‐five suggestions” for containing COVID‐19 are offered, including: i) preventive appraisals—avoiding needless hospital admission and practicing frequent hand washing (from 20 to 60 s). ii) Diagnostics—highly recommending nanodiagnostics, detecting COVID‐19 within 10 min. iii) Therapeutics—expanding nanotherapeutics to treat COVID‐19 and bacterial co‐infections after safety assessments and clinical trials. iv) Multipronged and multinational, including China, collaborative appraisals. v) Humanitarian compassion to traverse this pandemic in a united way.
Selective morphological and volumetric alterations in the hippocampus of children exposed in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lynch Kirsten M. , Alves Jasmin M. , Chow Ting , Clark Kristi A. , Luo Shan , Toga Arthur W. , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior epidemiological studies have found that in utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, brain alterations associated with GDM are not known. The hippocampus is pivotal for cognition and emotional regulation. Therefore, we assessed relationships between in utero exposure to GDM and hippocampal morphology and subfield structure during childhood. One hundred seventeen children aged 7–11 years (57% girls, 57% exposed to GDM), born at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, participated in the BrainChild Study. Maternal GDM status was determined from electronic medical records. Children underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Freesurfer 6.0 was used to measure hippocampal and individual hippocampal subfield gray matter volume (mm3). Morphological analyses on the hippocampal surface were carried out using shape analysis. GDM‐exposed children exhibited reduced radial thickness in a small, spatially‐restricted portion of the left inferior body of the hippocampus that corresponds to the CA1 subfield. There was a significant interaction between GDM‐exposure and sex on the right hippocampal CA1 subfield. GDM‐exposed boys had reduced right CA1 volume compared to unexposed boys, but this association was no longer significant after controlling for age. No significant group differences were observed in girls. Our results suggest that GDM‐exposure impacts shape of the left hippocampal CA1 subfield in both boys and girls and may reduce volume of right hippocampal CA1 only in boys. These in‐depth findings illuminate the unique properties of the hippocampus impacted by prenatal GDM‐exposure and could have important implications for hippocampal‐related functions.
Robotic transmaxillary approach to the lateral infratemporal fossa: A preclinical cadaveric study using a next‐generation single‐port robotic system
Authors: Turner Meghan T. , Topf Michael C. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Chan Jason Y.‐K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRobotic transmaxillary skull base surgery has been described using multiport systems. This cadaveric study investigates the feasibility of transmaxillary skull base surgery using a next‐generation robot. An extended Caldwell‐Luc antrostomy, measuring 3.3 cm by 4.0 cm, was performed in 15 min using a Kerrison rongeur and the robotic endoscope. A single‐port, robotic system (da Vinci Sp®, Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was then deployed throught the extended Caldwell‐Luc approach and provided sufficient reach, visualization, and maneuverability to work within the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and the infratemporal fossa (ITF) using three surgical instruments. The ITF dissection was easiest with two instruments using the third instrument to retract the muscles of mastication. This study demonstrates the feasibility of single‐port robotic transmaxillary approaches to the lateral ITF. Using a single‐port robotic system, the operating surgeon can for the first time work in the PPF and ITF using two functional arms for tumor dissection and a third to retract.
The health workforce: Central to an effective response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the European Region
Authors: Zapata Tomas , Buchan James , Azzopardi‐Muscat Natasha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has reinforced the centrality of health workers at the core of a well performing and resilient health system. It has concomitantly exposed the risks of staffing and skills shortages and the importance of protecting the health workforce. The present commentary focuses on highlighting some of the lessons learnt, challenges and future needs of the health workforce in Europe in the context of COVID‐19. During the pandemic innovative and flexible approaches were implemented to meet increasing demand for health workers and new skills and responsibilities were adopted over a short period of time. We have seen the rapid adaptation and use of new technologies to deliver care. The pandemic has underlined the importance of valuing, protecting and caring for our health workforce and the need to invest appropriately and adequately in the health workforce to have sufficient, capable and well‐motivated health workers. Some of the main challenges that lie ahead of us include the imperative for better investment, to need to improve recruitment and retraining whilst better retaining health workers, a focus on domestic sustainability, redeploying and developing new skills and competences among health workers, enabling more effective multi‐professional collaboration and team work, improving the quality of education and training, increasing the public health focus and promoting ethical and sustainable international recruitment of health workers. The WHO European Region through its European Programme of Work 2020–2025 is fully committed to support countries in their efforts to continue to respond to COVID‐19 and whilst addressing upcoming health workforce challenges.
Governance structures and practices in for‐profit and not‐for profit hospitals in Egypt
Authors: Fayed AbdAlrahman Magdy Said , Elshoura Shymaa Mahmoud Youssef , Mosallam Rasha Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGovernance is a system that ensures and promotes accountability and responsibility toward stakeholders. The present study aims to compare the governance structures and practices in for‐profit and non‐for profit hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt.MethodsThe study is a descriptive cross sectional study in which Chief Executive officers (CEOs) in all hospitals in Alexandria Governorate were interviewed. A predesigned questionnaire was used in the interview that is composed of four section. The first section explored characteristics of study hospitals. The second section assessed the composition and the characteristics of boards. The third section assessed the functions of the board and the fourth section assessed boards' training and evaluation.ResultsA centralized board existed in the Health Insurance, Ministry of Health and Population and University hospitals. As for private hospitals, board existed in only 72 hospitals (82.75 %). Almost all boards have CEO duality. Board members were as few as two members in some boards and up to twenty members in others. Some hospital boards did not have an orientation manual or program.ConclusionA proportion of study hospitals does not have a governing board. For the hospitals with governing boards, there were wide variation in governance structures and practices.
Decreasing transmission and initiation of countrywide vaccination: Key challenges for future management of COVID‐19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed , Disha Jannat Ara , Yeasmin Mahmuda , Ghosh Asish Kumar , Nafisa Tasnim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith a fragile healthcare system, Bangladesh, much like other countries in South East Asia, struggled during the early days of COVID‐19 pandemic. In following months several encouraging initiatives were undertaken including nationwide lockdown, maintaining social distancing and setting up COVID‐19 dedicated laboratories and hospitals. Despite fear of an escalation in COVID‐19 transmission during the winter months like their European counterparts, fortunately infection rates subsided and Bangladesh came out largely unharmed. But the next phase of COVID‐19 pandemic management that includes viral transmission suppression and conduction of nationwide immunization program require several urgent steps from government of Bangladesh (GoB) and relevant stakeholders. This qualitative research piece discussed about issues including an urgent need to enhance critical care facilities around the country, especially in peripheral districts; ramping up COVID‐19 testing at existing laboratories in view of diagnosing each case, and ensuring vaccines for the vulnerable populations in the country. Furthermore, the researchers shed light on other issues including a need to reinforce a struggling healthcare workforce, encouraging people to take vaccine, proper maintenance of social distancing regulations, routine epidemiological surveillance, management of environment and biomedical waste and undertaking a holistic approach to combat the pandemic and its environmental and financial consequences.
Analyzing the connectedness between crude oil and petroleum products: Evidence from USA
Authors: Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Suleman Muhammad Tahir , Ullah Subhan , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the connectedness, in time and frequency domain, between daily returns series of crude oil and petroleum products for the period January 11, 2003 to March 12, 2018. In doing so, we have applied DY (2012) and BK (2018) spillover method. The overall spillover index value obtained from DY (2012) method is 62.29% and from BK method index value fluctuates with frequency. Further empirical evidence shows that the total connectedness, in the time and frequency domain, as measured by a rolling‐window approach, has dynamic and volatile characteristics. Our overall results show that there is a high level of partial contemporaneous relationship between jet fuel, heating oil, US gasoline as well as diesel. Furthermore, results from the wavelet multiple correlations (WMCs) and cross‐correlation show that heating oil acts as a leader for a short time horizon, whereas gasoline at medium and longer time scale. The results from the DY spillover analysis suggest that among the series analyzed heating oil has the highest contribution to others, which is confirmed across frequencies by the BK spillover method (and the Brent contributes least to others at all frequency bands). These findings have important implications for a wide range of market participants, including investors, hedge funds, speculators, as well as for energy policy, with different temporal horizons.
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Authors: Liu Yajuan , Chen Muqing , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: March 2021

Chemical functionalization has been demonstrated as an effective method for improving the ambient stability of black phosphorus (BP). Authors present a comprehensive review of the chemical functionalization of BP, focusing on covalent and non‐covalent functionalization and surface coordination. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12171)
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