bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain and Addiction
Authors: Yoo Min , Perret Danielle , Dusto Nathaniel , Lin Kyaw , Whyte John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A considerable portion of the opioid epidemic has been driven by physician-prescribed opioids for pain management. Thus, policies to address the epidemic must consider not only the resources available to manage addiction but those to manage acute and chronic pain as well. For the period 2017 to 2019, the authors sought to describe the distribution, by state, of indicators of the supply of resources to address pain and addiction (graduate medical education subspecialty training in pain and addiction, number of board-certified pain and addiction specialists, number of opioid treatment centers), as well as indicators of the demands for those services (opioid prescriptions, opioid overdose deaths), to identify states that seem to suffer from a mismatch between supply and demand. It was also sought to examine the relationships between these treatment resources and indicators of the magnitude of the opioid epidemic, through an exploratory correlational analysis. The resulting model may inform public policy by suggesting areas in need of greater graduate medical education training and more pain and addiction specialists and by suggesting hypotheses about the impact of these specialists on outcome that are worthy of further study.
Colonic Microbial Abundances Predict Adenoma Formers
Authors: Watson Katherine M. , Gardner Ivy H. , Anand Sudarshan , Siemens Kyla N. , Sharpton Thomas J. , Kasschau Kristin D. , Dewey Elizabeth N. , Martindale Robert , Gaulke Christopher A. , Tsikitis V. Liana 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
We aimed to examine associations between the oral, fecal, and mucosal microbiome communities and adenoma formation.

Summary Background Data:
Data are limited regarding the relationships between microbiota and preneoplastic colorectal lesions.

Methods:
Individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and divided into adenoma and nonadenoma formers. Oral, fecal, nonadenoma and adenoma-adjacent mucosa were collected along with clinical and dietary information. 16S rRNA gene libraries were generated using V4 primers. DADA2 processed sequence reads and custom R-scripts quantified microbial diversity. Linear regression identified differential taxonomy and diversity in microbial communities and machine learning identified adenoma former microbial signatures.

Results:
One hundred four subjects were included, 46% with adenomas. Mucosal and fecal samples were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes whereas Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were most abundant in oral communities. Mucosal communities harbored significant microbial diversity that was not observed in fecal or oral communities. Random forest classifiers predicted adenoma formation using fecal, oral, and mucosal amplicon sequence variant (ASV) abundances. The mucosal classifier reliably diagnosed adenoma formation with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.993 and an out-of-bag (OOB) error of 3.2%. Mucosal classifier accuracy was strongly influenced by five taxa associated with the family Lachnospiraceae, genera Bacteroides and Marvinbryantia, and Blautia obeum. In contrast, classifiers built using fecal and oral samples manifested high OOB error rates (47.3% and 51.1%, respectively) and poor diagnostic abilities (fecal and oral AUC = 0.53).

Conclusion:
Normal mucosa microbial abundances of adenoma formers manifest unique patterns of microbial diversity that may be predictive of adenoma formation.
Timing is everything: Impact of combined long bone fracture and major arterial injury on outcomes
Authors: Lewis Richard H. , Perkins Meredith , Fischer Peter E. , Beebe Michael J. , Magnotti Louis J. 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND
Timing of extremity fracture fixation in patients with an associated major vascular injury remains controversial. Some favor temporary fracture fixation before definitive vascular repair to limit potential graft complications. Others advocate immediate revascularization to minimize ischemic time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of fracture fixation on outcomes in patients with concomitant long bone fracture and major arterial injury.

METHODS
Patients with a combined long bone fracture and major arterial injury in the same extremity requiring operative repair over 11 years were identified and stratified by timing of fracture fixation. Vascular-related morbidity (rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, graft failure, extremity amputation) and mortality were compared between patients who underwent fracture fixation prerevascularization (PRE) or postrevascularization (POST).

RESULTS
One hundred four patients were identified: 19 PRE and 85 POST. Both groups were similar with respect to age, sex, Injury Severity Score, admission base excess, 24-hour packed red blood cells, and concomitant venous injury. The PRE group had fewer penetrating injuries (32% vs. 60%, p = 0.024) and a longer time to revascularization (9.5 vs. 5.8 hours, p = 0.0002). Although there was no difference in mortality (0% vs. 2%, p > 0.99), there were more vascular-related complications in the PRE group (58% vs. 32%, p = 0.03): specifically, rhabdomyolysis (42% vs. 19%, p = 0.029), graft failure (26% vs. 8%, p = 0.026), and extremity amputation (37% vs. 13%, p = 0.013). Multivariable logistic regression identified fracture fixation PRE as the only independent predictor of graft failure (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–14.33; p = 0.03) and extremity amputation (odds ratio, 3.924; 95% confidence interval, 1.272–12.111; p = 0.017).

CONCLUSION
Fracture fixation before revascularization contributes to increased vascular-related morbidity and was consistently identified as the only modifiable risk factor for both graft failure and extremity amputation in patients with a combined long bone fracture and major arterial injury. For these patients, delaying temporary or definitive fracture fixation until POST should be the preferred approach.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, Level IV.
Is intrathoracic rib plate fixation advantageous over extrathoracic plating? A biomechanical cadaveric study
Authors: Mischler Dominic , Schopper Clemens , Gasparri Mario , Schulz-Drost Stefan , Brace Michael , Gueorguiev Boyko 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND
The high morbidity following surgical interventions on the chest wall because of large incisions often prevents surgeons from operative rib fracture treatment. Minimally invasive approaches to the intrathoracic side of the rib could allow for smaller incisions with lower morbidity while maintaining stability of fixation. The aim of this study was to explore the biomechanical competence of intrathoracic versus extrathoracic plating in a human cadaveric rib fracture model and investigate the effect of plating using two versus three screws per fracture fragment.

METHODS
Twenty pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric ribs from elderly female donors aged 82.4 ± 7.8 years were used. First, the stiffness of each native rib was calculated via nondestructive (2 N–5 N) biomechanical testing under two loading conditions: ramped two-point bending and combined ramped tensile bending with torsional loading. Second, the ribs were fractured under three-point bending with their intrathoracic side put under tensile stress. Third, specimens were assigned to four groups (n = 10) for either intrathoracic or extrathoracic plating with two or three screws per fragment. Following instrumentation, all ribs were dynamically tested over 400,000 cycles under combined sinusoidal tensile bending with torsional loading (2 N–5 N at 3 Hz). Finally, all specimens were destructively tested under ramped two-point bending.

RESULTS
Following instrumentation and cyclic testing, significantly higher construct stiffness was observed for intrathoracic vs. extrathoracic plating under anatomical loading conditions (p ≤ 0.03). No significant differences were detected for implant subsidence after plating with two or three screws per fragment (p ≥ 0.20).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates significantly higher construct stiffness following intrathoracic over extrathoracic plating, thus indicating superior plate support of the former. In the clinical context, using only two instead of three screws per fragment not only could maintain stability of fixation but also decrease surgery time and costs, and allow for smaller incisions with lower morbidity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level V.
Are Psychosocial Factors Predictors of Pain and Functional Outcomes After Knee Arthroplasty at 6 and 12 Months After Surgery? A Systematic Review
Authors: Terradas-Monllor Marc , Beltran-Alacreu Hector , Tabuenca Juan Vargas , Viveros Ana Lorenzo , Elizagaray-Garcia Ignacio , Rodriguez-Sanz David , Ochandorena-Acha Mirari 
Published: October 2021

Background:
To perform a systematic review of the literature to investigate the influence of psychosocial factors on pain and functional outcomes after knee arthroplasty from 6 months after surgery.

Methods:
Studies were included if they were prospective cohort observational studies. The subjects had to be middle aged or aged (mean age: 45 years) and have undergone total or unilateral knee arthroplasty. Studies should have recorded the influence of different psychosocial factors and the surgery outcomes had to be evaluated according to pain and/or function variables regardless of the tools used to measure them. In addition, outcome measures had to be recorded in the medium term (6 months) or the long term (12 months). Two reviewers assessed independently the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases to select observational studies.

Results:
Twenty-two studies with a total of 7156 patients (5349 females) were included in this review and the mean age was 67.92 years. Twenty-two studies included in this review showed a good average methodological quality (mean ± SD: 7.22 ± 0.92) on the Newcastle—Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.

Conclusion:
The evidence suggests that catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, anxiety, self-efficacy, and mental health are predictors of postoperative functional outcomes at 6 and 12 months after surgery. There is conflicting evidence on whether or not catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression are predictors of postoperative pain at 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on outcome of cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of unvaccinated patients
Authors: Di Felice Giulia , Visci Giovanni , Teglia Federica , Angelini Marco , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, cancer patients affected by COVID-19 have been reported to experience poor prognosis; however, a detailed quantification of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on outcome of unvaccinated cancer patients has not been performed.MethodsTo carry out a systematic review of the studies on outcome of unvaccinated cancer patients infected by Sars-Cov-2, a search string was devised which was used to identify relevant publications in PubMed up to December 31, 2020. We selected three outcomes: mortality, access to ICU, and COVID-19 severity or hospitalization. We considered results for all cancers combined as well as for specific cancers. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of the results, overall and after stratification by region. We also performed sensitivity analyses according to quality score and assessed publication bias.ResultsFor all cancer combined, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for mortality was 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-2.94, I2 for heterogeneity 90.1%, 24 studies), that for ICU admission was 2.39 (95% CI 1.90-3.02, I2 0.0%, 5 studies), that for disease severity or hospitalization was 2.08 (95% CI 1.60-2.72, I2 92.1%, 15 studies). The pooled mortality OR for hematologic neoplasms was 2.14 (95% CI 1.87-2.44, I2 20.8%, 8 studies). Data were insufficient to perform a meta-analysis for other cancers. In the mortality meta-analysis for all cancers, the pooled OR was higher for studies conducted in Asia than studies conducted in Europe or North America. There was no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis indicate a two-fold increased risk of adverse outcomes (mortality, ICU admission and severity of COVID-19) in unvaccinated cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to uninfected patients. These results should be compared with studies conducted in vaccinated patients; nonetheless, they argue for special effort to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer.FundingNo external funding was obtained.
The post-transcriptional regulation of TFs in immature motoneurons shapes the axon-muscle connectome
Authors: Guan Wenyue , Bellemin Stéphanie , Bouchet Mathilde , Venkatasubramanian Lalanti , Guillermin Camille , Laurençon Anne , Chérif Kabir , Darmas Aurélien , Godin Christophe , Urdy Séverine , Mann Richard S. , Enriquez Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYTemporal factors expressed sequentially in neural stem cells, such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) or transcription factors (TFs), are key elements in the generation of neuronal diversity. The molecular mechanism underlying how the temporal identity of stem cells is decoded into their progeny to generate neuronal diversity is largely unknown. Here, we used genetic and new computational tools to study with precision the unique fates of the progeny of a stem cell producing 29 morphologically distinct leg motoneurons (MNs) in Drosophila. We identified 40 TFs expressed in this MN lineage, 15 of which are expressed in a combinatorial manner in immature MNs just before their morphological differentiation. By following TF expression patterns at an earlier developmental stages, we discovered 19 combinatorial codes of TFs that were progressively established in immature MNs as a function of their birth order. The comparison of the RNA and protein expression profiles of 6 TFs revealed that post-transcriptional regulation plays an essential role in shaping these TF codes. We found that the two known RBPs, Imp and Syp, expressed sequentially in neuronal stem cells, are upstream regulators of the TF codes. Both RBPs are key players in the construction of axon-muscle connectome through the post-transcriptional regulation of 5 of the 6 TFs examined. By deciphering the function of Imp in the immature MNs with respect to the stem cell of the same lineage, we propose a model where RBPs shape the morphological fates of MNs through post-transcriptional regulation of TF codes in immature MNs. Taken together, our study reveals that immature MNs are plastic cells that have the potential to acquire many morphological fates. The molecular basis of MN plasticity originates in the broad expression of different TF mRNA, that are post-transcriptionally shaped into TF codes by Imp and Syp, and potentially by other RBPs that remain to be discovered, to determine their morphological fates.
S1P controls endothelial sphingolipid homeostasis via ORMDL
Authors: Sasset Linda , Chowdhury Kamrul H. , Manzo Onorina L. , Rubinelli Luisa , Konrad Csaba , Maschek J. Alan , Manfredi Giovanni , Holland William L. , Di Lorenzo Annarita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSphingolipids (SL) are both membrane building blocks and potent signaling molecules regulating a variety of cellular functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Under normal physiology, sphingolipid levels are tightly regulated, whereas disruption of sphingolipid homeostasis and signaling has been implicated in diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Yet, mechanisms governing cellular sensing of SL, and according regulation of their biosynthesis remain largely unknown.In yeast, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), catalyzing the first and rate limiting step of sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis, is negatively regulated by Orosomucoid 1 and 2 (Orm) proteins. Lowering sphingolipid levels triggers Orms phosphorylation, resulting in the removal of the inhibitory brake on SPT to enhance sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis. However, mammalian orthologs ORMDLs lack the N-terminus hosting the phosphosites. Thus, which sphingolipid(s) are sensed by the cells, and mechanisms of homeostasis remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at filling this knowledge gap.Here, we identify sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as the key sphingolipid sensed by endothelial cells via S1PRs. The increase of S1P-S1PR signaling stabilizes ORMDLs, which downregulates SPT activity to maintain SL homeostasis. These findings reveal the S1PR/ORMDLs axis as the sensor-effector unit regulating SPT activity accordingly. Mechanistically, the hydroxylation of ORMDLs at Pro137 allows a constitutive degradation of ORMDLs via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, therefore preserving SPT activity at steady state. The disruption of the S1PR/ORMDL axis results in ceramide accrual, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired signal transduction, all leading to endothelial dysfunction, which is an early event in the onset of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.The disruption of S1P-ORMDL-SPT signaling may be implicated in the pathogenesis of conditions such as diabetes, cancer, cardiometabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration, all characterized by deranged sphingolipid metabolism. Our discovery may provide the molecular basis for a therapeutic intervention to restore sphingolipid homeostasis.
Higher synaptic threshold for NMDA spike generation in human neurons
Authors: Testa-Silva Guilherme , Rosier Marius , Honnuraiah Suraj , Guzulaitis Robertas , Megias Ana Morello , French Chris , King James , Drummond Katharine , Palmer Lucy M , Stuart Greg J 
Published: October 2021

SummaryNeurons receive synaptic input primarily onto their dendrites. While we know much about the electrical properties of dendrites in rodents, we have only just started to describe their properties in the human brain. Here we investigate the capacity of human neurons to generate NMDA spikes. We find that dendritic iontophoresis of glutamate, as well as local dendritic synaptic stimulation, can evoke NMDA spikes in dendrites of human layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Surprisingly, however, the capacity to evoke NMDA spikes in human neurons was significantly reduced compared to that in rodent neurons. Simulations in morphologically realistic models indicated that human neurons have a higher synaptic threshold for NMDA spike generation. Using a simplified model, we show that this is primarily due to the larger diameter of human dendrites. In summary, we find reduced NMDA spike generation in human compared to rodent neurons due to the larger diameter of human dendrites.
Interaction of mixed convection with non-gray gas radiation in a partially heated horizontal pipe: entropy generation analysis
Authors: Mazgar Akram , Jarray Khouloud , Hajji Fadhila , Ben Nejma Fayçal 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to numerically analyze the effect of non-gray gas radiation on mixed convection in a horizontal circular duct with isothermal partial heating from the sidewall. The influence of heater location on heat transfer, fluid flow and entropy generation is given and discussed in this study.

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical computation of heat transfer and fluid flow has been developed by the commercial finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics. Radiation code is developed based on the T10 Ray-Tracing method, and the radiative properties of the medium are computed based on the statistical narrow band correlated-k model.

Findings
The obtained results depicted that the radiation considerably contributes to the temperature homogenization of the gas. The findings highlight the impact of the heater location on swirling flow. It is also shown that the laterally heating process provides better energy efficiency than heating from the top of the enclosure.

Originality/value
This study is performed to improve heat transfer and to minimize entropy generation. Therefore, it is conceivable to improve the model design of industrial applications.
Organizational justice in the hotel industry: revisiting GLOBE from a national culture perspective
Authors: Nazarian Alireza , Velayati Rezvan , Foroudi Pantea , Edirisinghe Dilini , Atkinson Peter 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Despite its significance, national culture is often underrepresented in the hospitality industry. Implementing tools such as the global leadership and organizational behaviour effectiveness (GLOBE), whilst valuable to a considerable extent, might induce false assumptions about the universality of managerial practices for hotels through purposefully ignoring the in-group variations within each cultural cluster. Because employees’ perceptions are deeply rooted in context-specific value systems, this study aims to challenge the tendency to adopt a globalized approach to leadership and management through investigating potential variations in employees’ perceptions in two countries in the south Asian cluster of the GLOBE.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected by using hard-copy and online convenience-sampling techniques from a sample of hotel employees and managers in Iran (392) and India (421). Structural equation modelling using AMOS 22 was adopted to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Both similarities and differences were observed between the Iranian and Indian contexts. The similarities confirm that GLOBE is correct to place them in the same regional cluster but the differences which relate to perceptions of organizational justice are also revealing. Whilst procedural justice affects organizational factors that influence employee motivation with the Iranian sample, distributive justice has no effect, whereas with the Indian sample these results were the other way around.

Practical implications
For scholars and practitioners, the authors show that organizational theories and concepts cannot necessarily be transferred from a Western context to other parts of the world without making adjustments for national culture and generalizations cannot even be made within regions of similar culture. For example, this study shows that in Iran organizational justice is perceived differently from how it is perceived in India.

Originality/value
This study extends the literature about the effect of national culture on the hotel employees’ cognitions and behaviours by shedding light on the divergence between countries within the same regional cluster in the GLOBE classification.