bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of Convection-Driven Cooling, Deformation and Fracturing of Thermo-Poroelastic Media
Authors: Stefansson Ivar , Keilegavlen Eirik , Halldórsdóttir Sæunn , Berre Inga 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConvection-driven cooling in porous media influences thermo-poro-mechanical stresses, thereby causing deformation. These processes are strongly influenced by the presence of fractures, which dominate flow and heat transfer. At the same time, the fractures deform and propagate in response to changes in the stress state. Mathematically, the model governing the physics is tightly coupled and must account for the strong discontinuities introduced by the fractures. Over the last decade, and motivated by a number of porous media applications, research into such coupled models has advanced modelling of processes in porous media substantially. Building on this effort, this work presents a novel model that couples fracture flow and heat transfer and deformation and propagation of fractures with flow, heat transfer and thermo-poroelasticity in the matrix. The model is based on explicit representation of fractures in the porous medium and discretised using multi-point finite volume methods. Frictional contact and non-penetration conditions for the fractures are handled through active set methods, while a propagation criterion based on stress intensity factors governs fracture extension. Considering both forced and natural convection processes, numerical results show the intricate nature of thermo-poromechanical fracture deformation and propagation.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Previous Bariatric Surgery on Liver Transplantation: a Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Iannelli Antonio , Bulsei Julie , Debs Tarek , Tran Albert , Lazzati Andrea , Gugenheim Jean , Anty Rodolphe , Petrucciani Niccolo , Fontas Eric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to determine the impact of previous bariatric surgery (BS) on the length of hospital stay; the incidence of mortality, re-transplantation, and re-hospitalization after LT; and the related economic costs, through the analysis of the French National Health Insurance Information System.

Materials and Methods
All patients aged > 18 years who underwent LT in France in the period from 2010 to 2019 were included. Thirty-nine patients with a history of BS (study group) were compared with 1798 obese patients without previous BS (control group).

Results
At the time of LT, patients with a history of BS were significantly younger than those of the control group and had lower Charlson comorbidity index. Female sex was significantly more represented in the study group. No significant differences were detected between the two groups regarding the postoperative mortality rate after LT (10.3% in the study group versus 8.0% in the control group), long-term mortality (0.038 versus 0.029 person-year of follow-up, respectively), re-transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.15, p = 0.2437), re-hospitalization (adjusted analysis, IRR = 0.93, p = 0.7517), and costs of LT hospitalization (73,515 € in the study group versus 65,878 € in the control group). After 1:2 propensity score matching, the duration of the LT hospital stay was significantly longer in the study group (58.3 versus 33.4 days, p = 0.0172).

Conclusion
No significant differences were detected between patients with previous BS versus obese patients without history of BS undergoing LT concerning the rates of mortality, re-LT, re-hospitalization after LT, and costs of hospitalization and re-hospitalizations.

Graphical abstract
The effect of consolidated periods in heterogeneous lot-sizing games
Authors: Guardiola Luis A. , Meca Ana , Puerto Justo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a cooperative game defined by an economic lot-sizing problem with heterogeneous costs over a finite time horizon, in which each firm faces demand for a single product in each period and coalitions can pool orders. The model of cooperation works as follows: ordering channels and holding and backlogging technologies are shared among the members of the coalitions. This implies that each firm uses the best ordering channel and holding technology provided by the participants in the consortium. That is, they produce, hold inventory, pay backlogged demand and make orders at the minimum cost of the coalition members. Thus, firms aim at satisfying their demand over the planing horizon with minimal operation cost. Our contribution is to show that there exist fair allocations of the overall operation cost among the firms so that no group of agents profit from leaving the consortium. Then we propose a parametric family of cost allocations and provide sufficient conditions for this to be a stable family against coalitional defections of firms. Finally, we focus on those periods of the time horizon that are consolidated and we analyze their effect on the stability of cost allocations.
Thermophysical Properties of Mixtures of Thorium and Uranium Nitride
Authors: Parker S. S. , Newman S. , Fallgren A. J. , White J. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe miscibility, lattice parameter, and thermophysical properties of (Th0.2U0.8)N and (Th0.5U0.5)N have been investigated. It is shown that additions of thorium nitride (ThN) to uranium nitride (UN) increases the thermophysical performance of the mixed nitride fuel form in comparison to reference UN. In the more dilute limit, additions of ThN serve as a burnable neutronic poison and reduces the change in keff over the lifecycle of the fuel. At higher concentrations, additions of ThN serve as a significant fertile source of 233U. Where appropriate, comparisons to previous work on UN + PuN mixtures are made, as this is a comparable fuel form for potential fast reactor concepts, and a suitable point of contrast in the possible design space afforded by mixed (ThxU1 − x)N fuel forms. The data from this work are the input parameters for finite element modeling of the temperature distribution in a compact reactor. The results of modeling and simulation of this core design are shown for the case of steady-state operation and during double, adjacent heat pipe failure.
Parallel Metabolomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma, and Spinal Cord to Identify Biomarkers for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Pengwei , Xie Min , Luo Jianxian , Zhang Jing , Zhang Guowei , Wang Yang , Lin Hongsheng , Ji Zhisheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLoss of physical and emotional health due to spinal cord injury (SCI) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. Effective evaluation of the severity of SCI is crucial to its prognosis. Herein, we constructed rat models of SCI with four different degrees of injury (sham group, light injury group, moderate injury group, and heavy injury group), using the surgical approach. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and spinal cord were sampled at the sub-acute spinal cord (72 h post-injury) from each rat. The LC–MS-based metabolic profiling of these samples was performed according to a universal metabolome standard (UMS). The results demonstrated that 130, 104, and 128 metabolites were significantly altered within the CSF, plasma, and spinal cord samples, respectively. Among them, there were four differential metabolites, including uric acid, phosphorycholine, pyridoxine, and guanidoacetic acid, which were commonly identified within the CSF, plasma, and spinal cord samples. Further pathway analysis of these differential metabolites demonstrated a disturbance in the metabolism of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate and glycine, serine, and threonine which were associated with pathophysiologic consequence of spinal cord injury. In particular, phosphorycholine, pyridoxine, and guanidoacetic acid demonstrated a relationship with SCI severity. Thus, they could be utilized as potential metabolite biomarkers for SCI severity assessment.
Efficient treatment of esophageal nutrition bezoars: dissolution outmatches removal—the Zurich approach
Authors: Morell Bernhard , Buehler Philipp Karl , Bader Patrick Raphael , Lang Silvia , Scharl Michael , Gubler Christoph , Murray Fritz Ruprecht 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnteral feed bezoars are difficult to treat and can lead to serious adverse events. There is no standardized treatment approach and various strategies have been suggested. We herein describe three cases of successful dissolutions of feed bezoars consisting of Promote® Fibre Plus with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% in critically ill patients. To provide the rationale for this approach, the effect of sodium bicarbonate 8.4% on enteral feed concretions was studied in vitro. First, Promote® Fibres Plus was incubated with hydrochloric acid with gradually decreasing pH values to establish a pH at which the solution solidifies. The resulting enteral feed concretion was exposed to sodium bicarbonate 8.4% and Coca Cola®. All patients were successfully treated with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% without the need of lengthy or repeat endoscopies. In vitro, Promote® Fibres Plus solidifies when acidified below a pH of 4.6. The resulting enteral feed concretions dissolved when exposed to sodium bicarbonate 8.4%. Incubation with Coca Cola® had no effect. We provide evidence that enteral feed bezoars consisting of Promote® Fibres Plus can be efficiently and safely treated with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% offering a new approach for daily patient care.
Role of capillary adhesion in the friction peak during the tacky transition
Authors: Gao Tianyan , Ye Jiaxin , Zhang Kaisen , Liu Xiaojun , Zhang Yan , Liu Kun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe friction peak that occurs in tire-road sliding when the contact changes from wet to dry was previously attributed to capillary cohesion, van der Waals attraction, and surface roughness, but the detailed mechanisms have yet to be revealed. In this study, friction and static contact experiments were conducted using a custom-built in situ optical microtribometer, which allowed us to investigate the evolution of the friction, normal load, and contact area between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and a silicon nitride ball during water volatilization. The friction coefficient increased by 100%, and the normal force dropped by 30% relative to those in the dry condition during the wet-to-dry transition. In static contact experiments, the probe indentation depth increased, and the normal load decreased by ∼60% as the water evaporated. Combining the friction and static contact results, we propose that the large friction peak that appeared in this study can be attributed to the combined effects of increased adhesive capillary force and increased plowing during the wet-to-dry transition.
Modeling of hot-point drilling in ice
Authors: Li Yazhou , Talalay Pavel G. , Fan Xiaopeng , Li Bing , Hong Jialin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHot-point drills have been widely used for drilling boreholes in glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets. A hot-point drill melts ice through the thermal head at its bottom end. Penetration occurs through a close-contact melting (CCM) process, in which the ice is melted, and the meltwater is squeezed out by the exerted force applied on the thermal head. During the drilling, a thin water film is formed to separate the thermal head from the surrounding ice. For the hot-point drill, the rate of penetration (ROP) is influenced by several variables, such as thermal head shape, buoyancy corrected force (BCF), thermal head power (or temperature) and ice temperature. In this study, we developed a model to describe the CCM process, where a constant power or temperature on the working surface of a thermal head is assumed. The model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software to evaluate the effects of different variables on the CCM process. It was discovered that the effect of thermal head shape and the cone angle of conical thermal head on ROP is less significant, whereas the increase in the BCF and the power (or temperature) of the thermal head can continuously enhance the ROP.
The Iron Hand of Power: US Architectural Imperialism in the Philippines
Authors: Immerwahr Daniel 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTArchitects and urban planners in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, particularly those working in the City Beautiful style, held lofty ambitions yet struggled to carry them out. In cities such as Washington DC and Chicago, political resistance made executing their plans onerous. In the US colonies, however, they operated with greater liberty. This article follows the spatial vision of Daniel Burnham (1846–1912) from the mainland US to the Philippines. In that colonial setting, Burnham was able to realise his vision far more easily, as neither he nor the officials executing his plans were ultimately accountable to Filipinos. Forced labour, confiscated land, repurposed public money, unchecked political power and wartime social disruption all aided US architectural imperialism. Rather than regretting this, Burnham and his associates celebrated the opportunities that their undemocratic setting provided. This article treats not only Burnham but also William E. Parsons (1872–1939) and Cameron Forbes (1870–1959), who extrapolated and enforced Burnham’s plans, and Juan Arellano (1888–1960), the Filipino architect who, to his later regret, helped remake Manila in the colonisers’ image.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Medical Students: The Next COVID-19 Challenge in Wuhan, China
Authors: Gao Xudong , Li Haiyan , He Wenjie , Zeng Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore the level of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among medical students in Wuhan, China, and to identify the factors and barriers associated with their vaccination decision.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was launched with 612 medical students recruited by convenience sampling from 6 universities. Data collection measures mainly included a demographic questionnaire, COVID-19 vaccine knowledge questionnaire, and the vaccine hesitancy scale.

Results:
A total of 58.2% of medical students reported vaccine hesitancy. The most common reasons for this were worrying about the side effects of vaccines (44.4%), uncertainty about vaccine safety (40.4%), and underestimating the risk of exposure to COVID-19 (27.9%). The main factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among participants were their knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine, training related to COVID-19 vaccines, family address, and education level (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The government, health department and universities in China need to work together and actively communicate with vaccine-hesitant students, establish a standardized COVID-19 vaccine course, and provide on-campus vaccination services.
A computerized indicator for surgical site infection (SSI) assessment after total hip or total knee replacement: The French ISO-ORTHO indicator
Authors: Grammatico-Guillon Leslie , Miliani Katiuska , Banaei-Bouchareb Linda , Solomiac Agnès , Sambour Jessica , May-Michelangeli Laetitia , Astagneau Pascal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:The French National Authority for Health (HAS), with a multidisciplinary working group, developed an indicator ‘ISO-ORTHO’ to assess surgical site infections (SSIs) after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) based on the hospital discharge database. We present the ISO-ORTHO indicator designed for SSI automated detection and its relevance for quality improvement and hospital benchmarks.Methods:The algorithm is based on a combination of International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and procedure codes of the hospital stay. The target population was selected among adult patients who had a THA or TKA between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2017. Patients at very high risk of SSI and/or with SSI not related to hospital care were excluded. We searched databases for SSIs up to 3 months after THA/TKA. The standardized infection ratio (SIR) of observed versus expected SSIs was calculated (logistic regression) and displayed as funnel plot with 2 and 3 standard deviations (SD) after adjustment for 13 factors known to increase SSI risk.Results:In total, 790 hospitals and 139,926 THA/TKA stays were assessed; 1,253 SSI were detected in the 473 included hospitals (incidence, 0.9%: 1.0% for THA, 0.80% for TKA). The SSI rate was significantly higher in males (1.2%), in patients with previous osteo-articular infection (4.4%), and those with cancer (2.3%), obesity, or diabetes. Most hospitals (89.9%) were within 2 SD; however, 12 hospitals were classified as outliers at more than +3 SD (1.6% of facilities), and 59 hospitals (7.9%) were outliers between +2 SD and +3 SD.Conclusion:ISO-ORTHO is a relevant indicator for automated surveillance; it can provide hospitals a metric for SSI assessment that may contribute to improving patient outcomes.
Total water intake and its contributors in infants and young children
Authors: Chouraqui Jean-Pierre , Thornton Simon N. , Seconda Louise , Kavouras Stavros A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydration is a particular concern for infants and young children due to their greater risk of dehydration. However, studies on their water intakes are scarce. The current survey aimed to analyse total water intake (TWI) in non-breastfed children aged 0·5–35 months compared with the adequate intake (AI) for the same age group set by the European Food Safety Authority and to examine the different contributors to TWI as well as beverage consumption patterns. Nationally representative data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess food, beverage and plain water consumption by age group over three non-consecutive days. With age, median TWI in 1035 children increased from 732 to 1010 ml/d, without differences between sexes, but with a great inter-individual variation, and the percentage of children who did not meet the AI increased from 10 to 88 %. Median weight-related TWI decreased from 136·6 to 69·0 ml/kg per d. Among infants, 90 % had a ratio of water:energy below the AI, similarly for about 75 % of toddlers. Milk and milk products were the main contributors to TWI, while the part of plain water increased gradually to be 25 % in the older toddlers, half of which was tap water. The beverage consumption pattern varied in types and timing, with little consumption of juices and sweetened beverages. Vegetables and fruits accounted for 20 % of TWI after the age of 6 months. These initial results, showing strong discrepancies between actual and recommended water intakes in young children, should help identify ways to increase children’s water consumption.
DIVINE CONFIRMATION: PLATO, TIMAEUS 55C7–D6
Authors: Petrucci Federico M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBurnet's text at Pl. Ti. 55c7–d6 is at least questionable, and opting for a different reading at 55d5 (θεός instead of θεόν) would shed light on an intriguing argumentative aspect of Plato's cosmological account: God confirms the metaphysical reasons why there is just one perfect world.
Olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 severity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Aydemir L , Sen C , Kara H , Demir A A , Bozbora E , Uysal E , Kesimli C , Orhan K S , Comoglu S , Keles Turel M N 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to evaluate the association between olfactory dysfunction or taste impairment and disease severity and radiological findings in coronavirus disease-2019. The secondary goal was to assess the prevalence, severity and course of olfactory dysfunction or taste impairment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodThis prospective observational cohort study evaluated patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 between April 1 and 1 May 2020. Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment were evaluated by two questionnaires. Chest computed tomography findings and coronavirus disease-2019 severity were assessed.ResultsAmong 133 patients, 23.3 per cent and 30.8 per cent experienced olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment, respectively, and 17.2 per cent experienced both. The mean age was 56.03 years, and 64.7 per cent were male and 35.3 per cent were female. No statistically significant association was found between olfactory dysfunction (p = 0.706) and taste impairment (p = 0.35) with either disease severity or chest computed tomography grading.ConclusionOlfactory dysfunction or taste impairment does not have prognostic importance in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Fruit traits of tree species in lower montane rainforest at Doi Suthep–Pui, northern Thailand
Authors: Rueangket Apisada , Duengkae Prateep , Thinkampheang Sathid , Enright Neal J. , Marod Dokrak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFruits are a major food resource for wildlifes and have evolved different traits which attract specific frugivores and facilitate seed dispersal. This study examines the quantity of the frequency of fruit tree species, distribution amongst fruit traits and estimates the potential availability of the fruit resource for frugivores in a 16-ha permanent forest plot at Doi Suthep–Pui, Thailand. The similarity amongst traits for fleshy fruited species was explored using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Fleshy fruited species comprised 122 of 208 tree species >2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) recorded in the permanent plot. Amongst fleshy fruited species, small fruits (length <20 mm) were most common (63.16% of species) while large fruits were rare (4.1%). Black was the most common fruit colour (43.4%). Principal Component Analysis of fruit traits explained 57% of total variance on the first three axes, and allowed identification of three species groups. Litsea martabanica and Persea gamblei are the greatest density and represented the major PCA group; black, small-sized and thin husk indehiscent fruits. These fruiting trees scattered throughout the permanent plot and were of good regeneration status. Indicating fleshy fruit can be a food resource for frugivores especially small-sized fruit. Furthermore, large-fruited species such as Madhuca floribunda is low density but important to preserve for food resource of large frugivores. This finding is very important not only for forest protection policy but also for wildlife conservation as food resources.
Surface Core Hole Electron Energy-Loss Fine Structure in MgO: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Mendis BG 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Core holes are an important contributing factor to the core-loss fine structure in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). While there has been much work on bulk materials, less is known about core hole screening in more complex dielectric environments, such as free surfaces or interfaces between two different materials, even though the latter is frequently encountered in high spatial resolution EELS analysis. In this work, experimental O K- and Mg L3,2-EELS edges from the free surfaces of a MgO cube are measured using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The free surface O K-spectrum shows extra intensity at the edge onset compared with the “bulk” spectrum. Core hole screening near a free surface is modeled using electrodynamic theory. It is shown that much of the extra intensity is due to reduced core hole screening, while genuine surface states make a smaller contribution to the fine structure. The low energy Mg L3,2-edge, however, does not show any significant change at a free surface. This is because the measurement is less surface sensitive due to strong delocalization.