bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Vector Spherical Harmonics to the Magnetization of Mars' Crust
Authors: Gubbins David , Jiang Yi , Williams Simon E. , Zhang Keke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMars has a magnetic field originating in its strongly magnetized crust that holds clues to the planet's interior. We apply vector spherical harmonic decomposition to simple candidate magnetic structures to separate the parts responsible for the anomalies from those that remain invisible. A uniform magnetic layer produces no anomalies: spatial variations are essential although secondary magnetization does produce a weak field that might reflect the primordial dynamo field. A hemispheric layer produces anomalies confined to the equator rather than the observed hemispheric difference. A uniformly magnetized crust with variable thickness determined from gravity and topography produces a crustal field with large anomalies at the major impact crater sites that are not observed. These anomalies are not present if the magnetic layer lies deeper than the crater floor. We conclude that decomposing magnetizations in this way is a useful tool in the interpretation of Martian magnetic anomalies.
Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre
Authors: Nagamoto Sayaka , Agawa Miyuki , Tsuchitani Emi , Akimoto Kazunori , Matsushima Saki Kondo , Kanegae Yumi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.
Mitochondrial genome of the critically endangered Baer’s Pochard, Aythya baeri, and its phylogenetic relationship with other Anatidae species
Authors: Liu Dawei , Zhou Yongwu , Fei Yiling , Xie Chunping , Hou Senlin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, the diving duck, Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri) was widely distributed in East and South Asia, but according to a recent estimate, its global population is now less than 1000 individuals. To date, the mitochondrial genome ofA. baerihas not been deposited and is not available in GenBank. Therefore, we aimed to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of this species. The genome was 16,623 bp in length, double stranded, circular in shape, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one non-coding control region. Many structural and compositional similarities were discovered betweenA. baeriand the other threeAythyamitochondrial genomes. Among 13 protein-coding genes of the fourAythyaspecies, the fastest-evolving gene wasATP8while the slowest-evolving gene wasCOII.Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree of Anatidae based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods showed that the relationships among 15 genera of the Anatidae family were as follows:Dendrocygnawas an early diverging lineage that was fairly distant from the other ingroup taxa;Cygnus,Branta, andAnserwere clustered into one branch that corresponded to the Anserinae subfamily; andAythya,Asarcornis,Netta,Anas,Mareca,Mergus,Lophodytes,Bucephala,Tadorna,Cairina, andAixwere clustered into another branch that corresponded to the Anatinae subfamily. Our target species and three otherAythyaspecies formed a monophyletic group. These results provide new mitogenomic information to support further phylogenetic and taxonomic studies and genetic conservation of Anatidae species.
Mikrobiota
Authors: Schwiertz Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBeobachtungsstudien der letzten 2 Jahrzehnte legen nahe, dass die Darmmikrobiota zur metabolischen Gesundheit des menschlichen Wirts und, wenn gestört, zur Pathogenese häufiger Stoffwechselstörungen wie Fettleibigkeit, Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D), nichtalkoholischer Lebererkrankung und kardio-metabolischen Erkrankungen, aber auch Unterernährung beitragen kann. Um ein mechanistisches Verständnis darüber zu erhalten, wie die Darmmikrobiota den Wirtsstoffwechsel beeinflusst, geht die Forschung derzeit von deskriptiven Mikrobiota-Volkszählungsanalysen zu Ursache-Wirkungs-Studien über. Hier soll das aktuelle Wissen darüber, wie die Darmmikrobiota und mikrobielle Prozesse den Stoffwechsel des gesunden Wirts bzw. die Pathogenese von T2D beeinflussen kann, vorgestellt werden. Durch gezielte Ernährungsumstellung sind diese Prozesse jedoch beinflussbar. Es gibt Beispiele für Interventionen, die auf die Mikrobiota abzielen und dadurch auch auf die Optimierung der Stoffwechselgesundheit abzielen. Hieraus ergeben sich Perspektiven für zukünftige grundlegende und translationale Untersuchungen in diesem aufstrebenden und vielversprechenden Forschungsbereich.
Die Vermeidung/Heilung von Insulinresistenz als Potenzial zur Diabetes-Prävention
Authors: von Bibra Helene 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGInsulinresistenz, zumeist eine Folge von Fehlernährung und Bewegungsmangel, ist Auslöser von Diabetes Typ 2 und vielen anderen Krankheiten. Zunehmende Forschungserkenntnisse zeigen das enorme Potenzial, hier durch Ernährungsumstellung alltägliche Prävention zu ermöglichen. Die direkten Zusammenhänge von verzehrten Kohlenhydrat- und Zuckermengen und die veränderten Stoffwechselabläufe bei Insulinresistenz führen folgerichtig zu einem klaren Empfehlungsmuster für einen gesünderen Lebensstil. Dabei geht es nicht mehr wie früher um den Lebensmittelgehalt an ungesättigten Fettsäuren oder Cholesterin, sondern um Essmuster mit niedriger glykämischer Last bei mediterranem Gemüsereichtum und um den gesenkten Konsum verarbeiteter Lebensmittel bzw. von Fertiggerichten.
Dietary supplementation with biosynthesised nano-selenium affects growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality and blood parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Khajeh Bami M. , Afsharmanesh M. , Espahbodi M. 
Published: December 2021

Context Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in livestock nutrition. Aims The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of green synthesised nano-selenium (GNS) on growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality and blood indices of broiler chickens when compared with sodium selenite (SS) as inorganic selenium. Methods A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into four experimental treatments, with six replicates of 15 birds per each. The treatments were as follows: (1) basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg of SS (control group), and (2–4) basal diet supplemented with 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg of GNS, respectively. Key results The results showed that there was no influence of GNS supplementation on the growth of broiler chickens (P > 0.05). The relative weights of the carcass, breast, leg, pancreas, gizzard, and abdominal fat at 21 and 42 days were not affected by treatment. However, at 42 days, the lowest relative weight of the liver was for birds fed diets containing 0.3 mg/kg GNS. Compared with SS, the meat of birds fed GNS dietary supplements at 0.3 mg/kg had greater water-holding capacity, redness, yellowness and chroma values, and lower meat thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and drip loss values (P < 0.05). Compared with SS, broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with GNS at 0.3 mg/kg had greater amounts of total protein in serum. In this study, no major differences were observed in serum glucose, cholesterol, lipoprotein, thyroid hormone, and liver function levels and biomarkers of kidney function. Conclusions Taken together, the findings from this study indicate that GNS improved the quality of meat relative to SS, but had no effect on growth efficiency, carcass characteristics or broiler blood indices. Implications These results provide a basis for the application of eco-friendly GNS as an alternative of inorganic selenium in a mineral premix in chicken broiler diets.
Another look at the interaction between verbs and constructions
Authors: Iwata Seizi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the wealth of literature on English resultatives, there still remain a number of issues that have not been squarely addressed. This paper addresses two of them through a case study of resultatives based onwipe. First, while the existence of resultatives with objects not selected by verbs is well-known in the literature (e.g.,wipe the crumbs off the table/*wipe the crumbs), few studies have addressed the issue of exactly which entities may appear as non-selected objects. Second, there are resultatives whose form is to be analyzed as a mixture of the verb’s lexically-specified syntactic frame and the syntactic frame of resultatives (e.g.wipe the blade clean on his skin coat), but such resultatives have been neglected in previous studies.In order to find an answer to the first issue, this paper adopts a force-recipient account, according to which the post-verbal NP of a resultative is a force-recipient (cf.Croft 1990,1991,1998,2012). It is shown that non-selected objects likecrumbsare indeed force-recipients in a conceptual scene. As for the second issue, such resultatives can be accommodated by means of a constructional analysis which holds that verbs contribute the semantics of the resulting expression, and that argument structure constructions simply enable the verb meaning to take its form. Together, these findings indicate that verbs play a far more important role than argument structure constructions in effecting the syntax and semantics of the resulting expression.
Haagse Harry, a Dutch chav from The Hague?
Authors: Cole Amanda , Tieken-Boon van Ostade Ingrid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents two remarkably similar characterological figures who are stereotyped embodiments of working-class personas: Haagse Harry in The Hague and chavs in England. The two figures have similar attires, class positions, attitudes, and associated attributes. We compare and contextualize the indexical links between their linguistic features and their social characteristics. Firstly, while chavs can be both men and women, the fictional persona Haagse Harry represents an all-male lower-working-class subculture. Secondly, while Haagse Harry consistently speaks Broad Haags, the language of chavs is not rooted in any single regional dialect but invariably indexes working-class features. Thirdly, Haagse Harry, and his sociolect, has a higher social status compared to the language and persona of chavs, who embody British class prejudice. We demonstrate that the repertoire of linguistic features deployed in the stylisation of characterological figures is strongly dependent on patterns of variation and ideas that are prevalent in the local speech community.
Soil characteristics and ecological thresholds of
Suaeda salsa
wetlands
Authors: Qian Fengkui , Zhou Yang , Li Wanning , Wang Xiangguo , Sun Zhentao , Liu Guize , Wei Haifeng 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Suaeda salsa
is an annual euhalophyte in estuarine wetlands. Soil properties of wetlands have an important influence on S. salsa growth. Therefore, the soil ecological thresholds is valuable for the restoration of degraded S. salsa wetlands. The objectives of this present study were to analyze the soil physicochemical properties and evaluate the soil ecological thresholds in the typical degraded areas for S. salsa growth. Soil text components became coarser with increased sand contents and less clay contents, as the higher degree of wetland degradation. Meanwhile, the salt contents in different soil depths gradually increased with the increased degree of degradation of wetlands. Evident changes in soil water content, organic matter content, and cations concentrations were not observed, while the concentrations of these factors were higher in the soil layer of 0–10 cm than those in the 20–30 cm. The soil pH in the 0–10 cm soil layer was lower than that in the 20–30 cm. The content of the three available nutrients did not change evidently with the increasing degree of degradation. The optimum thresholds of soil salinity and water content were 7.073–16.613 g/kg and 31.8–63.2%, respectively.
Topological delocalization transitions and mobility edges in the nonreciprocal Maryland model
Authors: Zhou Longwen , Gu Yongjian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-Hermitian effects could trigger spectrum, localization and topological phase transitions in quasiperiodic lattices. We propose a non-Hermitian extension of the Maryland model, which forms a paradigm in the study of localization and quantum chaos by introducing asymmetry to its hopping amplitudes. The resulting nonreciprocal Maryland model is found to possess a real-to-complex spectrum transition at a finite amount of hopping asymmetry, through which it changes from a localized phase to a mobility edge phase. Explicit expressions of the complex energy dispersions, phase boundaries and mobility edges are found. A topological winding number is further introduced to characterize the transition between different phases. Our work introduces a unique type of non-Hermitian quasicrystal, which admits exactly obtainable phase diagrams, mobility edges, and holding no extended phases at finite nonreciprocity in the thermodynamic limit.
Microdosimetric characterization of a clinical proton therapy beam: comparison between simulated lineal energy distributions in spherical water targets and experimental measurements with a silicon detector
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Olko Pawel , Swakoń Jan , Horwacik Tomasz , Jabłoński Hubert , Malinowski Leszek , Nowak Tomasz , Struelens Lara , Vanhavere Filip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective. Treatment planning based on computer simulations was proposed to account for the increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton radiotherapy beams near to the edges of the irradiated volume. Since silicon detectors could be used to validate the results of these simulations, it is important to explore the limitations of this comparison. Approach. Microdosimetric measurements with a MicroPlus Bridge V2 silicon detector (thickness = 10 μm) were performed along the Bragg peak of a clinical proton beam. The lineal energy distributions, the dose-mean values, and the RBE calculated with a biological weighting function were compared with PHITS simulations (microdosimetric target = 1 μm water sphere), and published clonogenic survival in vitro RBE data for the V79 cell line. The effect of the silicon-to-water conversion was also investigated by comparing three different methodologies (conversion based on a single value, novel bin-to-bin conversions based on SRIM and PSTAR). Main results. Mainly due to differences in the microdosimetric targets, the experimental dose-mean lineal energy and RBE values at the distal edge were respectively up to 53% and 28% lower than the simulated ones. Furthermore, the methodology chosen for the silicon-to-water conversion was proven to affect the dose-mean lineal energy and the RBE10 up to 32% and 11% respectively. The best methodology to compensate for this underestimation was the bin-to-bin silicon-to-water conversion based on PSTAR. Significance. This work represents the first comparison between PHITS-simulated lineal energy distributions in water targets and corresponding experimental spectra measured with silicon detectors. Furthermore, the effect of the silicon-to-water conversion on the RBE was explored for the first time. The proposed methodology based on the PSTAR bin-to-bin conversion appears to provide superior results with respect to commonly used single scaling factors and is recommended for future studies.
Attenuation and rheological analysis of magnetic field-induced responsiveness for the magnetorheological elastomer-based composite
Authors: Chen Longsheng , Lv Qian , Gong Yao , Zou Lili 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel self-supporting multi-layer magnetorheological elastomer-based (MRE-based) composite with large magnetic field-induced responsiveness has been designed and fabricated. We characterized its morphological properties, evaluated the impact of fabrication conditions on its field-induced responsiveness, investigated attenuation of its field-induced responsiveness under different storage temperatures along with time and analyzed this mechanism from the perspective of rheology. The results showed that the MRE-based composite had homogeneous dispersing of the magnetic fillers and a clear interface between different layers. The field-induced responsiveness of the MRE-based composite could be affected by the fabrication conditions, and it attenuated at different rates when subjected to different storage temperatures along with time; its attenuation period lasted a few days under room temperature while over one month under low temperature (4 °C). The rheological analysis results indicated a long-term cross-linking process over the storage period along with the attenuation of field-induced responsiveness, which might lead to increasing elasticity (indicated by the loss factor tan δ) and rigidity (indicated by the storage modulus G′) of the MRE-based composite along with the storage period. What’s more, emerging feature of Payne effect could be found on MRE-based composite during cyclic shear, which indicated decline of the mechanical properties due to strain-induced inherent friction. On the other hand, the iron fillers in MRE layer could enhance the shear modulus and lead to MR effect (up to 187%) for the whole composite, which benefits to the magnetic field-induced responsiveness, due to the relative strengthen of the MRE layer against the assist layer. This work presents a better understanding on the attenuation of the field-induced responsiveness, which is important for the future application of the MRE-based composite.
DNA hydrogel to improve solution-gate graphene field effect transistor in all-solid-state
Authors: Hu S. , Jia Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The solution-gate graphene field effect transistor
(Sg-GFET), as a popular sensing platform, its applications are still
hindered by the deficiency in all-solid-state, due to the dependence
on liquid-state gate-dielectric. Inspired by DNA hydrogel which can
provide microporous architecture to accommodate the fluidic analyte,
moreover, its combination with graphene is believed to foster
electron transport in the field of electrochemistry. We are
interested to take advantage of DNA hydrogel's solid-state and
capability for holding solution, and investigate whether it can
replace the traditional solution. So pure DNA hydrogel, their
complexes with GO (GO/DNA hydrogel) and RGO (RGO/DNA hydrogel) are
studied herein. Their micro-porous 3D morphologies are demonstrated,
their influences on the electrical characteristics of GFETs are
carefully examined and proved to be able to maintain the typical
bipolarity of Sg-GFET, firstly. Then, pure DNA hydrogel and GO/DNA
hydrogel are selected as the optimized gate-dielectrics, because of
their renewability after dehydration. Furthermore, by using
aptamer-based heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Hg2+) detections
as proof-of-concept, the strategies for building the sensing
platform based on the optimized hydrogel dielectric-gated GFETs are
studied. It is found, for the purpose of substituting fluidic
dielectric in traditional Sg-GFET, the scheme of directly mounting
aptamer on graphene channel and coating pure DNA hydrogel on it is
demonstrated to be better than the strategies of using GO/DNA
hydrogel and hybriding aptamer probes in hydrogel scaﬀold. It is
explained according to surface charge sensing mechanism. At last,
the performances of the sensing platform based on the proposed DNA
hydrogel gated GFETs are testified by the detections and selectivity
examinations for Pb2+ and Hg2+. Conclusively, pure DNA
hydrogel is expected to be a promising candidate in the future
all-solid-state Sg-GFET.
Corrections to Kusnetz method for measurements of radon progeny concentrations in air
Authors: Nusair O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 1956, H.L. Kusnetz proposed a quick method for radon progeny concentration measurement in mine atmosphere using a single gross-alpha count of a membrane-filtered air. The method is still widely used today and is based on a number of impractical assumptions. An instantaneous sampling time (less than ten seconds), is one of these assumptions that ignores the build-up and decay of the progeny on the filter paper during the sampling period, which is typically in the order of a few minutes. Of special concern is the 214Bi decay during the sampling period, since 214Po's alphas are lost during the sampling time and cannot be accounted for during the counting time. In addition, the method assumes that 214Bi activity during the counting period is constant. This inaccurate assumption can result in a smaller count rate, especially when counting times are long. Hence, underestimated working levels are expected when using Kusnetz factors without correcting for the sampling and counting times. In this technical report, exact sampling and counting time corrections to the method are provided along with the updated Kusnetz factors that correspond to common equilibrium conditions to correctly estimate the Working Level in air. Additionally, time corrections to the commonly used self-absorption correction formula and the lower level of detectability (LLD) equation used for any sample measurement are given.
The positive exchange bias property with hopping switching behavior in van der Waals magnet FeGeTe
Authors: Hu Shaojie , Cui Xiaomin , Yue Zengji , Wang Pangpang , Guo Lei , Ohnishi Kohei , Wang Xiaolin , Kimura Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The magnetic exchange bias (EB) effect is one of the representative interlayer magnetic coupling phenomena and is widely utilized in numerous technological applications. However, its mechanism is still elusive even in a simple magnetic bilayered system because of the complex interface magnetic orders. Van der Waals (vdW) layered magnetic materials may provide an essential platform for deeply understanding the detailed mechanism of the EB owing to its ideal interface structure. Here we first observed the positive exchange-biased anomalous Hall effect with a hopping switching behavior in the FeGeTe vdW nano-flakes. After systemically studying the cooling field dependence properties of the EB effect, we propose that the coexistence of stable and frustrated surface magnetization of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase will modify the total interface coupling energy density between the ferromagnetic and AFM phases. This model could provide a consistent description for such unusual EB effect based on microspin simulation.