bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Conjugated Polythiophene‐based Fluorescence “Turn on” Sensor for Selective Detection of Escherichia coli in Water and Milk
Authors: Shim Jimin , Tawfik Salah M. , Thangadurai Daniel T. , Lee Yong‐Ill 
Published: May 2021

The ability to detect pathogenic microbes in water and food samples is of prominent interest, but it remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a simple fluorescence sensor based on amphiphilic conjugated polythiophene (ACPT) for the detection of gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, in pH 7.0. The ACPT sensor was synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of water‐soluble thiophene monomers in an aqueous solution. The ACPT sensor undergoes the fluorescence “turn on” response at 432 nm upon the addition of E. coli. The ionic complex, which is generated by electrostatic interaction during the short incubation time of 15 min, resulting in the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of ACPT. The application of ACPT enables the detection of E. coli pathogens in tap water and milk samples with good recoveries of 96.94–100.83% and 93.27–116.75%, respectively, and excellent reproducibility (n = 3, relative standard deviation [RSD] = 1.78%). The current findings pave the way for the promising application of a novel ACPT system that could be used in food safety and environmental monitoring.
A Yeast Chronological Lifespan Assay to Assess Activity of Proteasome Stimulators
Authors: Maresh Marianne E. , Chen Panyue , Hazbun Tony R. , Trader Darci J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAging is characterized by changes in several cellular processes, including dysregulation of proteostasis. Current research has shown long‐lived rodents display elevated proteasome activity throughout life and proteasome dysfunction is linked to shorter lifespans in a transgenic mouse model. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is one of the main pathways leading to cellular protein clearance and quality maintenance. Reduction in proteasome activity is associated with aging and its related pathologies. Small molecule stimulators of the proteasome have been proposed to help alleviate cellular stress related to unwanted protein accumulation. Here we have described the development of techniques to monitor the impact of proteasome stimulation in wild‐type yeast and a strain that has impaired proteasome expression. We validated our chronological lifespan assay using both types of yeast with a variety of small molecule stimulators at different concentrations. By modifying the media conditions for the yeast, molecules can be evaluated for their potential to increase chronological lifespan in five days. Additionally, our assay conditions can be used to monitor the activity of proteasome stimulators in modulating the degradation of a YFP‐α‐synuclein fusion protein produced by yeast. We anticipate these methods to be valuable for those wishing to study the impact of increasing proteasome‐mediated degradation of proteins in a eukaryotic model organism.
Alcohol‐Activated Vanadium‐Containing Polyoxometalate Complexes in Homogeneous Glucose Oxidation Identified with 51V‐NMR and EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wesinger Stefanie , Mendt Matthias , Albert Jakob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlcoholic solvents, especially methanol, show an activating affect for heteropolyacids in homogenously catalysed glucose transformation reactions. In detail, they manipulate the polyoxometalate‐based catalyst in a way that thermodynamically favoured total oxidation to CO2 can be completely supressed. This allows a nearly 100 % carbon efficiency in the transformation reaction of glucose to methyl formate in methanolic solution at mild reaction conditions of 90 °C and 20 bar oxygen pressure. By using powerful spectroscopic tools like 51V‐NMR and continuous wave EPR we could unambiguously prove that the vanadate‐methanol‐complex[VO(OMe)3]n is responsible for the selectivity shift in methanolic solution compared to the aqueous reference system.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Meta‐Halophenols by Anion‐Accelerated 2π‐Electrocyclic Ring Opening
Authors: Staudt Markus , Sølling Theis , Bunch Lennart 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisrotatory – thermally allowed – 2π‐electrocyclic ring‐opening reactions require high temperatures to proceed. Herein, we report the first anion‐accelerated 2π‐electrocyclic ring opening of 6,6‐dihalobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐2‐ones at low temperature to give the corresponding meta‐halophenols in good to high yields (18 examples, 29–92 % yield, average: 65 %). Many of the phenols have unconventional substitution patterns and are reported here for the first time. Furthermore, the strength of the methodology was shown by the total synthesis of the densely functionalized phenolic natural product caramboxin (isolated as the lactam dehydrate). The reaction mechanism underlying the anion‐acceleration was investigated in an ab initio study, which concluded that base‐mediated proton abstraction anti to the concurrently departing endo‐bromine was the initiating step in an overall concerted reaction mechanism leading directly to the meta‐halophenol.
Recyclable Supramolecular Assembly‐Induced Emission System for Selective Detection and Efficient Removal of Mercury(II)
Authors: Wang Wei‐Ming , Dai Dihua , Wu Jia‐Rui , Wang Chun‐Yu , Wang Yan , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn efficient strategy for simultaneously detecting and removing Hg2+ from water is vital to address mercury pollution. Herein a supramolecular assembly G⊂H with photoluminescent properties is facilely constructed through the self‐assembly of a functional pillar[5]arene bearing two N,N‐dimethyldithiocarbamoyl binding sites (H) and an AIE‐active tetraphenylethene derivative (G). Remarkably, the fluorescence of G⊂H can be exclusively quenched by Hg2+ among the 30 cations due to the formation of non‐luminous ground state complex and only L‐cysteine can restore fluorescence in the common 20 amino acids. Meanwhile, the probe G⊂H has a considerable thermal and pH stability, a good anti‐interference property from various cations, and a satisfactory sensitivity. More importantly, G⊂H exhibits a prominent capability of Hg2+ removal with rapid capture rate (within 1 h) and excellent adsorption efficiency (98 %), as well as a highly efficient recyclability without losing any adsorption activity.
Ecohydrological metrics for vegetation communities in turloughs (ephemeral karstic wetlands)
Authors: Bhatnagar Saheba , Gill Laurence W. , Waldren Steve , Sharkey Nova , Naughton Owen , Johnston Paul , Coxon Catherine , Morrissey Patrick , Ghosh Bidisha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 28‐year hydrological record on four intermittent wetlands (turloughs) in a hydraulically linked karst area in the west of Ireland was used to assess ecohydrological metrics for different vegetation communities. A methodology using a combination of continuous water level monitoring and high resolution topographic surveying was used to develop a detailed hydrological model of the karst network, from which water levels at any point within the turloughs can be defined at any time during the 28‐year period (1989 to 2017). The flood conditions experienced across the spatial distributions for different vegetation communities (as mapped by a field survey) have then been collated and presented as statistical distributions for flood duration, flood depth, flood frequency and mean temperature/global radiation at the time of year in spring when the flood waters start to recede. Analysis of these four turloughs has revealed distinct differences between vegetation communities, from Eleocharis acicularis communities at the turlough base typically experiencing 6 to 7 months of inundation per year compared to the limestone pavement community at the top fringes of the turloughs only flooded from 1 to 2 months per year. An approach that used Sentinel‐2 satellite data to provide an assessment of whether there have been changes in the spatial distribution of the communities is also presented. Such metrics can be evaluated alongside other variables such as water quality (particularly nutrients), soil type and land‐use, in order to understand the habitat requirements for such plant communities and their associated ecological systems.
Nitrogen‐fixing trees increase soil nitrous oxide emissions: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kou‐Giesbrecht Sian , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐fixing trees are an important nitrogen source to terrestrial ecosystems. While they can fuel primary production and drive carbon dioxide sequestration, they can also potentially stimulate soil emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. However, studies on the influence of nitrogen‐fixing trees on soil nitrous oxide emissions have not been quantitatively synthesized. Here, we show in a meta‐analysis that nitrogen‐fixing trees more than double soil nitrous oxide emissions relative to non‐fixing trees and soils. If planted in reforestation projects at the global scale, nitrogen‐fixing trees could increase global soil nitrous oxide emissions from natural terrestrial ecosystems by up to 4.1%, offsetting climate change mitigation via reforestation by up to 4.4%.
Scaling up experimental stress responses of grass invasion to predictions of continental‐level range suitability
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yuan Yingdan , Shu Lele , Grosholz Edwin , Guo Yuxi , Hastings Alan , Cuda James P. , Zhang Jinchi , Zhai Lu , Qiu Jiangxiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how the biological invasion is driven by environmental factors will improve model prediction and advance early detection, especially in the context of accelerating anthropogenic ecological changes. Although a large body of studies has examined how favorable environments promote biological invasions, a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of invasive species response to unfavorable/stressful conditions is still developing. Grass invasion has been problematic across the globe; in particular, C4grass invaders, with high drought tolerance, adaptations to high temperatures, and high water use efficiency, could become more severe. Here, we conducted a rigorous microcosm experiment, with one of the most damaging invasive C4grass, cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), to explore how cogongrass responds to soil water and nutrient stress. We further integrated the results of the microcosm study with a species distribution model to (1) corroborate greenhouse results with field observations and (2) validate the robustness of our findings at subcontinental scales. Both the microcosm experiments and species distribution model agreed that soil water stress had a stronger impact on cogongrass than the nutrient one. New vegetative growth of cogongrass continued to be inhibited by the prior water stress. The significant water effect on cogongrass total biomass was supported by the finding that both allometric and biochemical traits of cogongrass did not show significant responses to the changes in water treatment. Different to the conventional wisdom that nutrient enrichment plays a bigger role in facilitating biological invasions, this study highlighted the possibility that water conditions may have a more substantial effect on some aggressive invaders. Therefore, an important implication of this study on biological conservation is that field managers might take advantage of the negative effect of global drought on some invasive species to increase the efficiency of their controlling efforts because invasive species may become more vulnerable under drought effect.
The association between glycaemic control during hospitalization and risk of adverse events: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Lan , Aibibula Wusiman , Talat Zahra , Filion Kristian B. , Eintracht Shaun , Dasgupta Kaberi , Tagalakis Vicky , Majdan Agnieszka , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionHyperglycaemia is common during hospitalization; glycaemic targets in non‐critical care settings have not been well studied. We assessed associations between inpatient glycaemic control and adverse events.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on non‐critically ill medical patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2018. Mean glycaemia during the first four days of hospitalization was categorized as 4.0–7.0 mmol/L, 7.1–10.0 mmol/L and >10.0 mmol/L. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse events including mortality, infections, acute kidney injury, thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. The secondary outcome was hypoglycaemia, defined as any glycaemia <4.0 mmol/L. Logistic regression was used to assess adverse events, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hypoglycaemia risk.ResultsOur cohort included 1,368 patients, of whom 407 (29.8%) experienced an adverse event. We did not find associations between glycaemia of 4.0–7.0 mmol/L (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–1.23) or glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.28) and the occurrence of adverse events, compared to a glycaemia of 7.1–10.0 mmol/L. Glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.21–2.45). Hypoglycaemia was associated with adverse events (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.31–2.60).ConclusionsNeither glycaemia of 4.0–7.0 mmol/L nor glycaemia of >10.0mmol/L during non‐critical care hospitalization was associated with increased adverse events. Glycaemia of >10.0 mmol/L was associated with increased hypoglycaemia, likely due to aggressive glucose lowering. These findings highlight the need for further studies to discern optimal inpatient glycaemic targets.
Transition‐Metal‐Free DMAP‐Mediated Aromatic Esterification of Amides with Organoboronic Acids
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Yanqing , Xu Kai , Zhang Yuheng , Guo Jiarui , Liu Lantao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new, transition‐metal‐free, effective method for aromatic esterification of amides with organoboronic acids has been developed. A wide range of benzoate derivatives were obtained with yields ranging from moderate to good. The catalytic reaction shows a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Conceptually, DMAP mediates the reaction and is crucial for this transformation.
ω‐Alkenylallylboronates: Design, Synthesis, and Application to the Asymmetric Allylation/RCM Tandem Sequence
Authors: Garnes‐Portolés Francisco , Miguélez Rubén , Grayson Matthew N. , Barrio Pablo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of allylboronates bearing an alkenyl moiety appended at a remote position is described for the first time. For that aim, the palladium‐catalyzed borylation of the corresponding allylic alcohols was used as the key step. The required allylic alcohols were in turn obtained in 3–4 step sequences. The presence of an extra alkenyl moiety at a strategic position allows the triggering of a tandem asymmetric allylation/RCM reaction sequence that efficiently affords different sized cycles featuring two consecutive stereocenters and an exocyclic alcohol function. Products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities, in most of the cases.
Regioselective Preparation of Fullerene Bis‐adducts from Cleavable Macrocyclic Bis‐malonates
Authors: Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Schillinger Franck , Guerra Sebastiano , Meichsner Eric , Nierengarten Iwona , Hahn Uwe , Holler Michel , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of macrocyclic bis‐malonates incorporating either di‐tert‐butylsilylene or tetra‐iso‐propyldisiloxane subunits have been prepared and used for the regioselective bis‐functionalization of [60]fullerene by double Bingel cyclopropanations. By systematically changing the length and the rigidity of the spacer units linking the malonate moieties to the silylated protecting groups, fullerene bis‐adducts with different addition patterns have been obtained. Finally, the bridging di‐tert‐butylsilylene groups have been cleaved to afford the corresponding acyclic fullerene bis‐adducts bearing four alcohol functions.
A Novel Molecule: 1‐(2,6 Dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridinium Chloride and its Interaction with DNA
Authors: Karasakal Ayça , Parlar Sülünay , Alptüzün Vildan , Cetin Arif E. , Topkaya Seda Nur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a novel pyridine derivative, 1‐(2,6 dichlorobenzyl)‐4‐(2‐(2‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)‐pyridinium chloride (DHPC), was synthesized as a candidate drug molecule. Interaction of DHPC with DNA was used to explore its effect on DNA via Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. We demonstrated that oxidation signal of guanine bases of DNA decreased significantly while that of DHPC increased after its interaction with one another. Our candidate drug molecule exhibits LOD and LOQ, e.g., 1.5 μg/mL and 4.9 μg/mL, respectively. Toxicity effect value for DHPC (S%) was calculated as %31, demonstrating the candidate drug molecule's toxic effect on DNA.
Optimal forecast error as an unbiased estimator of abnormal return: A proposition
Authors: Enginar Onur , Atici Kazim Baris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the event studies, the accuracy of the abnormal returns assessment is highly dependent on the accuracy of the preceding expected return model. If the expected return model is inadequate, there is a possibility that a part of returns is labeled as abnormal returns even though they are not. Currently, we have a variety of options to set up an expected return model. To obtain unbiased abnormal returns, one should pay attention to the performance of the expected return model. In this research, we propose that the optimal forecast lemma can be consulted beforehand so that minimizing the optimal forecast error in the expected return model will yield unbiased abnormal returns. We introduce and prove a proposition that the optimal forecast error is an unbiased estimator for abnormal return. The proposition induces assessing the performance of abnormal return estimation to preemptively evaluate the out‐sample forecast accuracy of the model employed. In an illustrative dataset, we examine various models. The approach requires preliminary computational effort; however, it is useful for accurately obtaining the abnormal return predictions.
A novel BRD4‐LEUTX fusion in a pediatric sarcoma with epithelioid morphology and diffuse S100 expression
Authors: Barresi Sabina , Giovannoni Isabella , Rossi Sabrina , Stracuzzi Alessandra , Quacquarini Denise , Cafferata Barbara , Piscitelli Domenico , De Leonardis Francesco , Marzullo Andrea , Alaggio Rita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalignant epithelioid soft tissue tumors encompass a wide spectrum of lesions. Among them, Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) constitute a distinct subgroup, accounting for <5% of all MPNST. Epithelioid MPNST are infrequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, occasionally arise in a schwannoma and show diffuse S100 and CD34 expression, often combined with INI‐1 loss. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of epithelioid MPNST remain largely unknown. We describe a case of a 10‐year‐old girl with an epithelioid malignancy of the orbit. The tumor proved positive for S100, CD34 and SOX10, and, although INI‐1 expression was maintained, the overall features suggested the possibility of an epithelioid MPNST, arising in an unusual location. NGS analysis revealed a novel in‐frame BRD4‐LEUTX fusion gene. LEUTX plays an important role in embryonal genome activation and its expression is mostly suppressed postnatally. We were able to detect increased levels of LEUTX transcript in the tumor, indicating that BRD4‐LEUTX fusion leads to LEUTX re‐activation. To our knowledge, this fusion has never been reported previously. Whether the current case represents an example of epithelioid MPNST or a distinct tumor entity remains to be determined.
Justice through a Wide‐Angle Lens
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the lead article of the May‐June 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report, Nancy Jecker and Caesar Atuire argue that the Covid‐19 crisis is best understood as a syndemic, “a convergence of biosocial forces that interact with one another to produce and exacerbate clinical disease and prognosis.” A syndemic framework, the authors advise, will enable bioethicists to recognize the ethical principles that should guide efforts to reduce the unequal effects that Covid‐19 has on populations. Drawing on sub‐Saharan African conceptions of solidarity, the authors lay out an approach to global vaccine distribution that prioritizes low‐ and middle‐income countries. Like Jecker and Atuire's article, an essay by philosopher Keisha Ray pushes bioethicists to recognize broader justice‐oriented responsibilities with the aid of a wide‐angle lens. Ray's essay focuses on contemporary examples of environmental injustices that sicken, disable, or kill Black people.
Radioiodine therapy induced sialadenitis versus chronic idiopathic sialadenitis—Presentation and outcomes
Authors: Gilat Hanna , Vainer Igor , Avishai Gal , Maymon Shiri L. , Alkan Uri , Hod Roy , Robenshtock Eyal , Friedman Sivan , Shpitzer Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores the unique characters of high dose radioactive iodine (RAI) induced chronic sialadenitis.MethodsA retrospective study of patients having received salivary endoscopy and followed in our outpatient clinic.ResultsA total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria, 75 were diagnosed with chronic idiopathic sialoadenitis and 25 with radio‐iodine induced sialoadenitis (RIS). The main complaint in both groups was swelling of the parotid gland. Pain, dysphagia, and xerostomia were observed considerably more in the RIS group. During sialo‐endoscopy, fibrosis of the Stensen's duct was more common in the RIS group (p = 0.003). RIS patients group generally managed better with interventional endoscopic treatment alone (80% vs. 46%).ConclusionRIS patients have distinct clinical characteristics. There may be a collateral muscular damage to the masticatory muscles. Fibrosis and parenchymal damage are major findings during sialendoscopy. Sialendoscopy is a safe and efficient treatment for RAI induced sialadenitis.
Flexibility as a strategy to cope with uncertain water supply in spate irrigation*
Authors: Fadul Eiman , de Fraiture Charlotte , Masih Ilyas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnpredictable flash floods in ephemeral rivers are the water source for spate irrigation systems. An important element in the success and sustainability of spate irrigation systems is their ability to cope with highly uncertain water supply and high sediment load. Flexibility is considered one of the key ingredients of coping strategies. However, the concept of flexibility in the context of spate irrigation systems is poorly defined. A framework to assess and operationalize flexibility in spate irrigation is lacking. In this paper we develop a conceptual framework by answering four principal questions and exploring eight flexibility characteristic features and five subfeatures. We explore the flexibility of traditional, improved and modernized spate irrigation systems to cope with high, low and untimely flood events. Flexible spate irrigation systems are highly dependent on system capabilities to deal with uncertainty and enable adjustments to change. The framework can be used as a guideline for water managers, farmers and decision makers for assessing and providing flexibility in spate irrigation systems.