bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating the magnetic force of solenoid inductor wound by rectangular cross‐section wire
Authors: Hao Shuangpeng , Li Baoming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new semi‐analytical expression is presented based on two integrations for calculating the magnetic force of a solenoid inductor wound by rectangular cross‐section wire. The authors simplified the solenoid inductor coil to a collection of circular coils, and the current density of the coils in the radial direction which was inversely proportional to its radius is considered. The obtained expressions can be implemented by adaptive Gaussian quadrature integration with MATLAB programming. In addition, they used the filament method and the finite element method to calculate the magnetic force on the solenoid inductor coil. The correctness of the semi‐analytical expressions was verified by comparing the results of the semi‐analytical numerical method with those of the filament method and the finite element method, respectively. The derived semi‐analytical expressions of magnetic force allow a low computational time compared with the filament method and the finite element method to a specific accuracy. The calculation results show that: the solenoid inductor coil tends to compress in the axial direction, and the axial magnetic force on the outermost coils is the largest; the solenoid inductor coil tends to expand outward in the radial direction, and the radial magnetic force on the intermediate coil is the largest.
High‐quality reversible data hiding scheme using sorting and enhanced pairwise PEE
Authors: Kaur Gurjinder , Singh Samayveer , Rani Rajneesh , Kumar Rajeev , Malik Aruna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) technique using sorting and pairwise prediction error expansion (PEE) to improve embedding capacity (EC) while retaining the quality of cover image. The proposed scheme traverses alternate pixels of the cover image in a zig‐zag order to construct two independent sets for sequential embedding. The pixels of each set are sorted in an increasing order of their rhombus mean followed by a two‐pass data embedding by dividing the sets into 1 × 3 size blocks based on some pre‐defined criteria. In pass 1, two prediction errors are calculated for the first and the last pixels using their rhombus means; and pairwise mapping is modified and exploited to embed the secret data in such a way that the value of the first pixel is either increased or remains unchanged, and the value of the last pixel is either decreased or remains unchanged. In pass‐2, the middle pixel is utilised to predict the first and last pixels and the values of the first pixel and the last pixel are either decreased or remains unchanged and either increased or remains unchanged, respectively. In contrast to some existing recovery‐based methods, the proposed pass‐2 guarantees to complement the changes made in pass‐1, thereby boosting the quality along with increased EC. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better embedding performance than the state‐of‐the‐art RDH techniques. More specifically, the proposed method gets an increment by an average of 0.46 dB and 1.01 dB for embedding 10,000 bits and 20,000 bits respectively over its closest prior art.
Study on GNSS‐R multi‐target detection and location method based on consistency checking
Authors: Liu Cheng , Xiang Hengyong , Li Fang , Shi Huli , Wang Wei , Gao Weiguang , Zhang Jie , Ning Yongke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of GNSS reflected signals to carry out passive detection of space targets is an emerging technical field. Unlike the traditional GNSS‐R in large‐scale environments such as oceans, vegetation, ice and snow, it is required to identify different targets within the detection range, which is one of the biggest challenges. To solve this problem, a hyperboloid observation equation based on the TDOA location model is constructed, which can eliminate the GNSS satellite orbit error, the satellite atomic clock error and the detection receiver clock error via differential technique. The consistency checking theory based on hypothesis and test is used to detect and distinguish different targets while locating. The simulation results show that the target detection and location accuracy can reach tens of metres, and when the different space targets are separated by 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m in sequence, the detection success rate of the method is 67.25%, 87.50%, 95.75%, 99.25%, and 99.75%, respectively, which indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The study provides a feasible technical approach for solving the multi‐target problem in GNSS‐R space target passive detection.
Visual inspection for transformer insulation defects by a patrol robot fish based on deep learning
Authors: Ji Hongxin , Cui Xiwang , Ren Weiyan , Liu Liqing , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to effectively detect the internal insulation defects of large transformers, a miniature patrol robot fish is designed and used to observe the pressboard inside the transformer, which can visually inspect the insulation condition of the pressboard. In the process of visual inspection by a patrol robot fish, insulation defects observed in the transformer (such as discharge carbon marks, pressboard cracks, etc.) are small size, indistinctive colour contrast and different shapes. The key purpose of the patrol robot fish is to identify the defect targets and defect types intelligently and quickly from the images taken by the camera on the fish. Considering that there are abundant insulation defects in transformers and a lack of samples for learning, a vision detection method based on deep learning network is proposed in this study. The proposed method integrates the variable autoencoder into the traditional Faster‐RCNN target detection network and constructs an improved Faster‐RCNN that enhances feature extraction. This method expands the small‐scale training sample set and improves the generalisation performance of the model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the improved network is trained and tested, and the test results show that the improved network training model can accurately identify and mark the carbon marks on the pressboard surface.
Inanspruchnahme der gesundheitlichen Versorgung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung, eine Querschnittstudie in 3 Werkstätten
Authors: Wellkamp Randi , de Cruppé Werner , Schwalen Susanne , Geraedts Max 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung weisen eine geringere Lebenserwartung und häufigere Komorbidität als die Allgemeinbevölkerung sowie ungedeckte Gesundheitsbedarfe auf. Als ein Grund wird eine unzureichende medizinische Versorgung vermutet, wozu in Deutschland wenige Daten vorliegen. Die Studie widmet sich deshalb der Frage, wie Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung die medizinische Versorgung einschließlich Vorsorge und präventive Angebote in Anspruch nehmen.
Methodik Querschnittstudie in 3 Werkstätten für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. Von Angehörigen wurde die Inanspruchnahme der Gesundheitsversorgung per Fragebogen erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv und inferenzstatistisch im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung sowie innerhalb der Teilnehmenden auf soziodemografische Unterschiede.
Ergebnisse Fast alle 181 Teilnehmer (Teilnahmequote 19,3%) haben einen Hausarzt. Im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung nehmen die Teilnehmer die hausärztliche und die Versorgung durch zahlreiche andere Facharztgebiete häufiger in Anspruch. Die Krebsvorsorge für Dickdarm, Brust, Gebärmutterhals und Prostata nehmen sie seltener, für Haut und den Check-up öfter in Anspruch. Bei Zahnarztkontrollen und Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung zeigt sich kein Unterschied. Teilnehmer aus Wohnheimen nehmen die Regelangebote mehr in Anspruch als die bei Angehörigen oder alleine Lebenden. Teilnehmer mit Migrationshintergrund kennen die Versorgungsangebote weniger gut.
Schlussfolgerung Hinweise auf eine generelle gesundheitliche Unterversorgung zeigen die Ergebnisse nicht. Die Teilnahme an der Krebsvorsorge mit aufwändigeren Untersuchungen sollte gefördert werden, insbesondere für die allein oder bei Angehörigen lebenden Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung; Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und ihre Angehörigen sollten gezielt informiert werden.
Clinical validation of the SIMPLE classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps
Authors: Alaoui Ahmed Amine , Oumedjbeur Kussil , Djinbachian Roupen , Marchand Étienne , Marques Paola N. , Bouin Mickael , Bouchard Simon , von Renteln Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims A novel endoscopic optical diagnosis classification system (SIMPLE) has recently been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the SIMPLE classification in a clinical cohort.
Patients and methods All diminutive and small colorectal polyps found in a cohort of individuals undergoing screening, diagnostic, or surveillance colonoscopies underwent optical diagnosis using image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) and the SIMPLE classification. The primary outcome was the agreement of surveillance intervals determined by optical diagnosis compared with pathology-based results for diminutive polyps. Secondary outcomes included the negative predictive value (NPV) for rectosigmoid adenomas, the percentage of pathology exams avoided, and the percentage of immediate surveillance interval recommendations. Analysis of optical diagnosis for polyps ≤ 10 mm was also performed.
Results 399 patients (median age 62.6 years; 55.6 % female) were enrolled. For patients with at least one polyp ≤ 5 mm undergoing optical diagnosis, agreement with pathology-based surveillance intervals was 93.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 91.4–95.6). The NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas was 86.7 % (95 %CI 77.5–93.2). When using optical diagnosis, pathology analysis could be avoided in 61.5 % (95 %CI 56.9–66.2) of diminutive polyps, and post-colonoscopy surveillance intervals could be given immediately to 70.9 % (95 %CI 66.5–75.4) of patients. For patients with at least one ≤ 10 mm polyp, agreement with pathology-based surveillance intervals was 92.7 % (95 %CI 89.7–95.1). NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas ≤ 10 mm was 85.1 % (95 %CI CI 76.3–91.6).
Conclusions IEE with the SIMPLE classification achieved the quality benchmark for the resect and discard strategy; however, the NPV for rectosigmoid polyps requires improvement.
Fertilitätserhalt bei Patienten in der Dermatoonkologie – Eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Günther V. , Alkatout I. , Maass N. , von Otte S. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungBei vielen Patienten, die an einem Malignom erkranken, ist die Familienplanung noch nicht abgeschlossen, sodass für den Erhalt des fertilen Potenzials Maßnahmen der Fertilitätsprotektion sinnvoll sind. Durch eine Polychemotherapie, unabhängig ob im neoadjuvanten oder adjuvanten Setting, Molekular- oder Immuntherapien kann es zu einer irreversiblen Schädigung der Follikel bzw. Spermatogenese kommen, was u. U. zu einer permanenten Infertilität führen kann. Abhängig von der verwendeten Therapie und der altersabhängigen Ovarialreserve der Frau muss das gonadotoxische Risiko als niedrig, mittel oder hoch eingeschätzt werden. Möglichkeiten des Fertilitäserhalts sind: a) die Kryokonservierung von fertilisierten oder unfertilisierten Oozyten. Hierbei werden nach ovarieller Hyperstimulation reife Oozyten mittels transvaginaler Follikelaspiration gewonnen und im Anschluss entweder unfertilisiert oder nach erfolgter IVF- oder ICSI-Behandlung kryokonserviert. Bei b) der Kryokonservierung von Ovarialgewebe wird mithilfe eines laparoskopischen Eingriffs etwa 50 % des Ovarkortex eines Ovars reseziert und kryokonserviert. Die Verwendung von c) GnRH-Agonisten als medikamentöse Therapieoption unternimmt den Versuch einer endokrinen Ovarialsuppression, um Oozyten, Granulosa- und Thekazellen vor dem zytotoxischen Einfluss der jeweiligen Therapie zu schützen. Bei männlichen Patienten können Spermien vor Therapiebeginn kryokonserviert werden.
A Concept for the Reduction of Mucosal SARS-CoV-2 Load using Hypochloric Acid Solutions
Authors: Mueller Christian A. , Winter Michael , Renner Bertold 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the next few months or years, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. However, additional measures are needed to protect those who are still not immunized. This is even more important in view of new viral mutations that result in increased transmission rates. We propose that the use of long-standing medicinal solutions based on hypochloric acid (HOCl) and intended for application on wounds may be effective as a gargling solution or nasal irrigation in blocking transmission of the virus. Here, we propose the use of HOCl-containing solutions for blocking the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in combination with other prevention measures. This may constitute another important cornerstone in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
The effect of sex hormones on skeletal muscle adaptation in females
Authors: Alexander Sarah E. , Pollock Alexander C. , Lamon Séverine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTSex steroids, commonly referred to as sex hormones, are integral to the development and maintenance of the human reproductive system. In addition, male (androgens) and female (estrogens and progestogens) sex hormones promote the development of secondary sex characteristics by targeting a range of other tissues, including skeletal muscle. The role of androgens on skeletal muscle mass, function and metabolism has been well described in males, yet female specific studies are scarce in the literature. This narrative review summarises the available evidence around the mechanistic role of androgens, estrogens and progestogens in female skeletal muscle. An analysis of the literature indicates that sex steroids play important roles in the regulation of female skeletal muscle mass and function. The free fractions of testosterone and progesterone in serum were consistently associated with the regulation of muscle mass, while estrogens may be primarily involved in mediating the muscle contractile function in conjunction with other sex hormones. Muscle strength was however not directly associated with any hormone in isolation when at physiological concentrations. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that intramuscular sex hormone concentrations may be more strongly associated with muscle size and function than circulating forms, providing interesting opportunities for future research. By combining cross‐sectional, interventional and mechanical studies, this review aims to provide a broad, multidisciplinary picture of the current knowledge of the effects of sex steroids on skeletal muscle in females, with a focus on the regulation of muscle size and function and an insight into their clinical implications.

Highlights
Free testosterone, but not total testosterone, is associated with lean mass but not strength in pre‐ and post‐menopausal females.
Progesterone and estrogens may regulate muscle mass and strength, respectively, in females.
Intra‐muscular steroids may be more closely associated to muscle mass and strength, compared to systemic fractions.
Losing the trace to find dynamical Newton or Planck constants
Authors: Jiroušek Pavel , Shimada Keigo , Vikman Alexander , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that promoting the trace part of the Einstein equations to
a trivial identity results in the Newton constant being an integration
constant. Thus, in this formulation the Newton constant is a global
dynamical degree of freedom which is also a subject to quantization
and quantum fluctuations. This is similar to what happens to the cosmological
constant in the unimodular gravity where the trace part of the Einstein
equations is lost in a different way. We introduce a constrained variational
formulation of these modified Einstein equations. Then, drawing on
analogies with the Henneaux-Teitelboim action for unimodular gravity,
we construct different general-covariant actions resulting in these
dynamics. The inverse of dynamical Newton constant is canonically
conjugated to the Ricci scalar integrated over spacetime. Surprisingly,
instead of the dynamical Newton constant one can formulate an equivalent
theory with a dynamical Planck constant. Finally, we show that an
axion-like field can play a role of the gravitational Newton constant
or even of the quantum Planck constant.
Evolutions of Mechanical Properties and Macro Textures of AZ91D sheets by Hot Rolling and Subsequent Annealing
Authors: Kaneko S , Takenouchi S , Lee S M , Utsunomiya H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The mechanical properties and textures of 75% hot unidirectionally rolled and cross rolled commercial magnesium die-casting alloy AZ91D sheets were investigated for the different rolling temperatures 623K and 673K, respectively. As for mechanical properties, tensile testing results show total elongations of both as-unidirectional and as-cross-rolled sheets are enhanced by the repetition of rolling passes and inter-pass heating. The planar anisotropy of tensile strengths and elongations of cross-rolled at 673K are the smallest among the rolling conditions employed in the present study. Annealed sheets demonstrate the significant elongation to failure due to the static recrystallisation at 623K. Macro textures of the as-unidirectional-rolled sheets show typical double-peak (0001) basal textures with inclined peaks towards ±15° in RD. Contrastingly, macro textures of the as-cross-rolled sheets show the significant (0001) basal textures having double peaks at ±10° in TD and concentrically broader orientation distribution in RD and TD.
Texture and mechanical properties of Cu alloy by cryogenic high-speed rolling
Authors: Lee S , Muchime R , Matsumoto R , Utsunomiya H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cryogenic high-speed rolling (CHSR), where the sheet cooled in liquid nitrogen is supplied to rolls rotating at 1500 m/min at room temperature, was applied to several Cu alloys. After the CHSR, mechanical strength was improved with texture transition from the ‘copper-type’ to the ‘brass-type’ components. This trend was clearly observed in the case of Cu alloys with intermediate SFE. It is considered that the deformation mode changed from the dislocation slip to deformation twinning and shear banding under high Z parameter conditions of CHSR. It is also found that CHSR can improve the strength of Cu alloys with less decrease in electrical conductivity.
The Origin of the Cube ({001}<100>) Texture in Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets
Authors: He Youliang , Mehdi M , Hilinski E J , Kestens L A I , Edrisy A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although cube ({001}<100>) is a preferred final texture in non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) sheets, this texture is rarely produced in commercial NOES products. The major texture of fully processed NOES is usually the unfavorable <111>//ND (normal direction) fibre, which originates from the deformed <111>//ND texture. To reduce/eliminate the <111>//ND texture and promote the cube texture, one method is to change the initial texture before cold rolling. In this research, two electrical steels containing 0.88 wt% and 2.8 wt% Si are cold rolled with the initial textures rotated by 60° around the ND before cold rolling. This rotation leads to the rotated Goss ({110}<110>) texture in the deformed microstructure. Within the shear bands of the rotated Goss grains, crystallites with cube orientation are formed. Regions of these crystallites may have lower stored energy than their neighboring areas. During annealing, these crystallites preferentially nucleate and grow, and form a strong cube texture in the final steel sheets.
Effects of Fe, Si, and Cu on Recrystallization Behavior in High Purity Aluminum Foil
Authors: Yamanoi T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The correlation between the recrystallization behavior of high purity aluminum foil, which is used as the electrode material of electrolytic capacitors, and the influence of Fe, Si, and Cu contents on the formation of recrystallization texture was systematically investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) Room-temperature recrystallization, which occurs during cold rolling of the highest-purity material, was suppressed by adding approximately 10 mass ppm of Fe, Si, and Cu. The effect was strongest for Cu, followed by that for Si and Fe. (2) The main component of texture after the final heat treatment changed in the order {001}<100>→ {011 }<411>→> {126}<411>→ {123}<412> as the purity of the aluminum foil decreased. In particular, {126}<411> was an characteristic orientation for extremely coarse grains and was considered to have originated from the rolling texture (β-fiber). This coarse grain growth was considered to be related to the decrease in the growth rate of the recrystallized grains depending on the purity of the matrix.
Strong rotated cube textures in thin cold-rolled potassium-doped tungsten sheets during annealing up to 1300 °C
Authors: Tarras Madsen D , Ciucani U M , Hoffmann A , Pantleon W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the high operation temperatures, microstructural changes will occur in tungsten when used as plasma-facing material in future fusion reactors. In drawn tungsten wires, potassium doping has proven to prevent such undesired changes effectively. This strategy has been adapted to thin cold-rolled tungsten sheets containing 80 ppm potassium. Their texture evolution during annealing is investigated using electron backscatter diffraction. In the as-rolled condition, a strong cube texture is present with a volume fraction of 67.0 % deviating maximal 15° from the rotated cube orientation. This texture intensifies strongly during isochronal annealing for 2 h at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1300 °C; the higher the temperature, the higher the rotated cube fraction. The volume fraction of 94.8 % obtained after 2 h at 1300 °C does not change significantly during further annealing. These are remarkably strong textures for a body-centered cubic metal compared e.g. to commonly reported high volume fractions of 30 % for Goss orientations in silicon steels. Reliable quantification of such strong texture components requires analysis of orientations individually.
Variant Selection in Phase Transformation and its Influence on Texture and Martensite Starting Temperature in Steel
Authors: Tomida T , Sato S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A mechanism is proposed that can predict the textures as well as the influence of austenite grain size on martensite starting temperature in steels. The anisotropic elastic energy by shape change of martensite changes depending upon variants in neighbour austenite grains, whereas it does not in immediate parent grains in which martensite grows. A mechanism based on this behaviour of elastic energy can explain not only the texture formation of martensite but also the well-known austenite grain size dependence of Ms, particularly the abrupt drop of about 30K in the grain size range below 20 μm.