bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analyses of the transcriptome and small RNA of the hemiparasitic plant Monochasma savatieri before and after establishment of parasite-host association
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Guo Qiaosheng , Zhu Zaibiao , Wan Hefang , Qin Yuhao , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Monochasma savatieri is a medicinal root hemiparasitic herb that extracts water and nutrients from the host plant via a haustorium. M. savatieri exhibits an enhanced growth after the establishment of parasite-host associations, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible. In this study, endogenous hormones, RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing analysis were performed on M. savatieri before and after establishment of parasite-host associations.

Results
When grown with the host, decreased contents of jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content were observed in M. savatieri with the established parasitic relationship. When grown with the host, 46,424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 162 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified in the comparison between M. savatieri with the established parasitic relationship and without the established parasitic relationship. Analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that these DEGs and targets of DEmiRs mostly participated in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth and death, and transport and catabolism. Furthermore, correlation analysis of mRNA and miRNA revealed that 10 miRNA-target pairs from novel_mir65, novel_mir40, novel_mir80, miR397-5p_1, novel_mir36, novel_mir25 and novel_mir17 may have important roles in regulating the parasitic development of M. savatieri.

Conclusions
Our study not only expands the understanding of enhanced growth in M. savatieri after the establishment of parasite-host associations, but also first provides abundant resources for future molecular and genetic studies in M. savatieri.
Anesthetic protocol for right ventricular dysfunction management in heart transplantation: systematic review, development and validation
Authors: Barros Lucas Nepomuceno , Uchoa Ricardo Barreira , Mejia Juan Alberto Cosquillo , Nunes Rogean Rodrigues , Barros Denise Araujo Silva Nepomuceno , Rodrigues Filho Filadelfo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Right Ventricular Dysfunction (RVD) is the most frequent intraoperative hemodynamic complication in Heart Transplantation (HTx). RVD occurs in 0.04–1.0% of cardiac surgeries with cardiotomy and in 20–50% of HTx, with mortality up to 75%. No consensus has been established for how anesthesiologists should manage RVD, with management methods many times remaining unvalidated.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, to create an anesthetic protocol to manage RVD in HTx, using databases that include PubMed and Embase, until September 2018 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles screening for the systematic review were done two independent reviewers, in case of discrepancy, we consulted a third independent reviewer. Based on the systematic review, the anesthetic protocol was developed. The instrument selected to perform the validation of the protocol was AGREE II, for this purpose expert anesthetists were recruited to do this process. The minimum arbitration score for domains validation cutoff of AGREE II is arbitered to 70%. This study was registered at PROSPERO (115600).

Results
In the systematic review, 152 articles were included. We present the protocol in a flowchart with six steps based on goal-directed therapy, invasive monitoring, and transesophageal echocardiogram. Six experts judged the protocol and validated it.

Conclusion
The protocol has been validated by experts and new studies are needed to assess its applicability and potential benefits on major endpoints.
In-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events in patients referred for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtar Zubair , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Ghosh Probir Kumar , Islam A. K. M. Monwarul , Chowdhury Fahmida , MacIntyre C. Raina , Fröbert Ole 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of data regarding acute phase (in-hospital and 30-day) major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Bangladesh. This study aimed to document MACE during the acute phase post-STEMI to provide information.

Methods
We enrolled STEMI patients of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2017 to October 2018 and followed up through 30 days post-discharge for MACE, defined as the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization. Demographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical data were registered in a case report form. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to identify potential risk factors for MACE.

Results
A total of 601 patients, mean age 51.6 ± 10.3 years, 93% male, were enrolled. The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.8 ± 2.4 days. We found 37 patients (6.2%) to experience an in-hospital event, and 45 (7.5%) events occurred within the 30 days post-discharge. In univariate analysis, a significantly increased risk of developing 30-day MACE was observed in patients with more than 12 years of formal education, diabetes mellitus, or a previous diagnosis of heart failure. In a multivariate analysis, the risk of developing 30-day MACE was increased in patients with heart failure (hazard ratio = 4.65; 95% CI 1.64–13.23).

Conclusions
A high risk of in-hospital and 30-day MACE in patients with STEMI exists in Bangladesh. Additional resources should be allocated providing guideline-recommended treatment for patients with myocardial infarction in Bangladesh.
Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health
Authors: de Vocht Frank , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , McQuire Cheryl , Tilling Kate , Hickman Matthew , Craig Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNatural or quasi experiments are appealing for public health research because they enable the evaluation of events or interventions that are difficult or impossible to manipulate experimentally, such as many policy and health system reforms. However, there remains ambiguity in the literature about their definition and how they differ from randomized controlled experiments and from other observational designs. We conceptualise natural experiments in the context of public health evaluations and align the study design to the Target Trial Framework.MethodsA literature search was conducted, and key methodological papers were used to develop this work. Peer-reviewed papers were supplemented by grey literature.ResultsNatural experiment studies (NES) combine features of experiments and non-experiments. They differ from planned experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, in that exposure allocation is not controlled by researchers. They differ from other observational designs in that they evaluate the impact of events or process that leads to differences in exposure. As a result they are, in theory, less susceptible to bias than other observational study designs. Importantly, causal inference relies heavily on the assumption that exposure allocation can be considered ‘as-if randomized’. The target trial framework provides a systematic basis for evaluating this assumption and the other design elements that underpin the causal claims that can be made from NES.ConclusionsNES should be considered a type of study design rather than a set of tools for analyses of non-randomized interventions. Alignment of NES to the Target Trial framework will clarify the strength of evidence underpinning claims about the effectiveness of public health interventions.
Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19-like symptoms in the French general population during the lockdown period: a multi-cohort study
Authors:   for the SAPRIS study group, Carrat Fabrice , Touvier Mathilde , Severi Gianluca , Meyer Laurence , Jusot Florence , Lapidus Nathanael , Rahib Delphine , Lydié Nathalie , Charles Marie-Aline , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Rouquette Alexandra , de Lamballerie Xavier , Zins Marie , Bajos Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.

Methods
Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was COVID-19-Like Symptoms (CLS), defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors.

Results
Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of CLS were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of CLS were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of CLS was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities > 100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion
The incidence of CLS in the general population remained high during the first 2 weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.
Association between head circumference at two years and second and fifth year cognition
Authors: Koshy Beena , Srinivasan Manikandan , Murugan Timiri Palani , Bose Anuradha , Christudoss Pamela , Mohan Venkata Raghava , John Sushil , Roshan Reeba , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead circumference (HC) measurement is routinely not performed in early childhood and there is conflicting information about its utility in literature. The current study analyses the association between HC at two years of age and cognition at two and five years of age.MethodsA community based birth-cohort recruited between 2010 and 2012 was followed up till five years of age in an urban slum in Vellore, India. Children were recruited at birth after informed parental consent by consecutive sampling using eligibility criteria of healthy new-born, singleton pregnancy and family’s availability in the study area during follow-up. HC measured at two years of age was used as the exposure variable to calculate association with cognition at both two and five years of age. Cognitive domain of Bayley scale of infant development was used at two years of age and Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at five years.ResultsOf the 251 enrolled children, 138 (55%) were girls and 71 (30%) belonged to lower socioeconomic status. At 2 years, 8.81% of children had HC < − 3SD. Compared to children with HC z-scores ≥ − 2 SD, those with measurements < − 3 SD had a lower cognition scores by − 2.21 [95% CI: − 3.87 - -0.56] at 2 years. Also, children with HC < − 3 SD at two years scored significantly lower scores in cognitive domains of verbal, − 7.35 [95% CI: − 11.78 - -2.92] and performance, − 7.07 [95% CI: − 11.77 - -2.36] intelligence at five years.ConclusionsThis study showed that smaller HC at 2 years of age was negatively associated with cognition at both 2 and 5 years of age. Early childhood HC measurements can be utilised as a cheaper screening tool to identify children at risk in LMIC settings. Further studies can confirm these findings in diverse settings.
The effect of online multimedia psychoeducational interventions on the resilience and perceived stress of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial
Authors: Shaygan Maryam , Yazdani Zahra , Valibeygi Adib 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence suggesting that quarantine might have undesirable psychological impacts on the patients. Therefore, it is important to seek for ways to increase the resilience and alleviate the psychological pressure of the patients who are quarantined due to infection with COVID-19. The present study was conducted to assess an online multimedia psychoeducational intervention regarding the feasibility, adherence, patient satisfaction and effectiveness on resilience and perceived stress of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19.MethodThis was a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial with hospital wards as the units of randomization. Participants in this fully online trial were 50 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in 2 hospitals in Shiraz, after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Before the beginning of the intervention, four inpatient wards inside two of the hospitals were randomly assigned to either intervention or control conditions. All eligible participants in the wards allocated to the intervention condition received online multimedia psychoeducational interventions during the 2 weeks, whilst the patients in the wards allocated to the control condition were offered the opportunity to receive telephone-based psychological counseling if needed. Psychoeducational interventions mainly included cognitive–behavioural techniques, stress management techniques, mindfulness-based stress reduction and positive psychotherapy. The patients were assessed regarding resilience and perceived stress at baseline and after two weeks.ResultsOf 27 patients starting multimedia psychoeducational interventions, 26 (96.29%) completed post-assessments. A high level of adherence (80.76%) and satisfaction (Mean = 29.42; SD = 4.18) with the online multimedia psychoeducational interventions was found. Compared with the control group, the patients who used online multimedia psychoeducational interventions reported greater resilience (Meanintervention = 81.74; Meancontrol = 72.86; adjusted t (46) = 2.10;p = 0.04; CI: 0.39 to 17.38; dppc2 = 0.83) and fewer perceived stress (Meanintervention = 22.15; Meancontrol = 29.45; adjusted t (46) = 2.66;p = 0.01; CI: − 12.81 to − 1.78; dppc2 = − 0.77) after 2 weeks.DiscussionThe findings of the present study provided a successful first attempt at implementing feasible online multimedia psychoeducational interventions to promote resilience and mitigate stress among the patients who were hospitalized due to infection with COVID-19. The present results could help mental health professionals to determine which psychological techniques should be emphasized to promote patients’ resilience in the context of COVID-19 disease.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials,IRCT20201001048893N1. Retrospectively registered, 29 Jan 2021.
Experiences and management of physician psychological symptoms during infectious disease outbreaks: a rapid review
Authors: Fiest Kirsten M. , Parsons Leigh Jeanna , Krewulak Karla D. , Plotnikoff Kara M. , Kemp Laryssa G. , Ng-Kamstra Joshua , Stelfox Henry T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrior to the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians experienced unprecedented levels of burnout. The uncertainty of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic along with increased workload and difficult medical triage decisions may lead to a further decline in physician psychological health.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for primary research from database inception (Medline [1946], EMBASE [1974], PsycINFO [1806]) to November 17, 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened by one of three reviewers and full-text article screening and data abstraction were conducted independently, and in duplicate, by three reviewers.ResultsFrom 6223 unique citations, 480 articles were reviewed in full-text, with 193 studies (of 90,499 physicians) included in the final review. Studies reported on physician psychological symptoms and management during seven infectious disease outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], three strains of Influenza A virus [H1N1, H5N1, H7N9], Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS], and COVID-19) in 57 countries. Psychological symptoms of anxiety (14.3–92.3%), stress (11.9–93.7%), depression (17–80.5%), post-traumatic stress disorder (13.2–75.2%) and burnout (14.7–76%) were commonly reported among physicians, regardless of infectious disease outbreak or country. Younger, female (vs. male), single (vs. married), early career physicians, and those providing direct care to infected patients were associated with worse psychological symptoms.InterpretationPhysicians should be aware that psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, fear and distress are common, manifest differently and self-management strategies to improve psychological well-being exist. Health systems should implement short and long-term psychological supports for physicians caring for patients with COVID-19.
Family income and health in Canada: a longitudinal study of stability and change
Authors: Vanzella-Yang Adam , Veenstra Gerry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Extensive research has shown strong associations between income and health. However, the health effects of income dynamics over time are less known. We investigated how stability, volatility and trajectory in family incomes from 2002 to 2011 predicted (1) fair/poor self-rated health and (2) the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem in 2012.

Methods
The data came from the 2012 wave of the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults linked to annual family income data for 2002 to 2011 from the Canada Revenue Agency. We executed a series of binary logistic regressions to examine associations between health and average family income over the decade (Model 1), number of years in the bottom quartile (Model 2) and top quartile (Model 3) of family incomes, standard deviation of family incomes (Model 4), absolute difference between family income at the end and start of the period (Model 5), and number of years in which inflation-adjusted family income went down by more than 1% (Model 6) and up by more than 1% (Model 7) from 1 year to the next. The analyses were conducted separately for women and men.

Results
Average family income over the decade was strongly associated with both self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. More years spent in the bottom quartile of family incomes corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health and the presence of a longstanding illness or health problem. Steady decreases in family income over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for men and more years spent in the top quartile of family incomes over the decade corresponded to elevated odds of fair/poor self-rated health for women.

Conclusion
Previous studies of the association between family income and health in Canada may have overlooked important issues pertaining to family income stability and change that are impactful for health.
Prevalence and correlates of dental service utilisation among a national general adult population sample in Sudan
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Prompt dental service utilisation (DSU) is needed for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and it is therefore important to determine the facilitators and barriers of DSU. There is, however, scarce information available on DSU in Sudan. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of DSU in a general population-based survey among 18–69 year-old persons in Sudan.

Methods
Cross-sectional nationally representative data of 7,722 18–69 year-old persons (36 years median age) from the 2016 Sudan Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey were analysed. Using questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical measures, predisposing, enabling and health and lifestyle factors of DSU were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to estimate the predictors of DSU (> 12 months and past 12 months, with never DSU as the reference category).

Results
About two-thirds of the participants (64.6%) had never DSU, 22.0% had more than 12-month DSU, and 13.4% had past 12- month DSU. Among those who had ever DSU, the main reason for the last DSU was pain or trouble with teeth, gums, or mouth (66.9%), treatment or follow-up treatment 22.3%, and routine check-up treatment 5.0%. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, higher education (p < 0.001), urban residence (p < 0.001), screened for blood pressure (p < 0.001), raised total cholesterol (p < 0.05), poor SROH (p < 0.001), pain in teeth or mouth (p < 0.001), and not working because of teeth or mouth (p < 0.01) were positively and not knowing their household income (p < 0.01), high physical activity (p < 0.05), and having 20 or more teeth (p < 0.001), were negatively associated with both > 12 months and past 12 months DSU. Higher household income (p < 0.001), overweight/obesity (p < 0.05), using tooth paste (p < 0.001), and difficulty chewing (p < 0.001), were positively, and male sex (p < 0.01), and teeth cleaning twice or more times a day (p < 0.05), were negatively associated with > 12 months or past 12 months DSU.

Conclusion
More than one in ten participants had past 12 months DSU and several factors were detected which could be targeted in intervention activities. Study findings suggest to improve oral health awareness, in particular stressing the relevance of regular dental check-ups, by using different modalities of oral health promotion.