bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical Evaluation and Determination of Chemical Constituent in Rose Petal (Rosa centifolia)
Authors: Singh Khushbu , Patel Dinesh 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore the Pharmacognostic parameters for the standardization of Rosa centifolia Petals.
Material and Methods: The ﬂowers of Rosa centifolia were authenticated and shade dried. Rosa centifolia petals were collected then macromorphological, physiochemical assessment, and the micrometric study was carried out. The dried powder form of the Rosa centifolia Petals was then extracted with different solvent systems alcoholic, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether, and their extractive values were calculated. Most of the phytochemicals were found in ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) of the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extract was performed for important phytochemicals flavonoids and polyphenol. Flavonoids and phenolics showed their presence in all extracts with one spot in each extract for ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether.
Result: The Physicochemical exploration showed values for moisture content, moisture sorption capacity, ash values, and extractive values which are within the limits of World Health Organization standards for the crude drug from medicinal plants. Micromeritic analysis of petal powder reveals good ﬂowability. Ethanolic extractive values were found to be higher when compared to extractive values of, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Preliminary Phytochemical examination for the sample indicated the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, ﬂavonoids, and amino acids. Rf value for flavonoid and phenolic on TLC were found to be for ethanol 0.78 and 0.77, for ethyl acetate 0.81 and 0.78, for petroleum ether 0.81 and 0.78 respectively.
Conclusions: The current research would be useful to supplement the information regarding pharmacognostical characteristics, physicochemical evaluation, micrometric analysis, and phytochemical exploration in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for its identiﬁcation and medicinal use.
Keywords: Rosa centifolia, Macromorphological description, Physicochemical evaluation, Phytochemical screening, TLC screening.
Effects of Cotadutide on Metabolic and Hepatic Parameters in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A 54-Week Randomized Phase 2b Study
Authors: Nahra Rajaa , Wang Tao , Gadde Kishore M. , Oscarsson Jan , Stumvoll Michael , Jermutus Lutz , Hirshberg Boaz , Ambery Philip 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
Cotadutide, a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, is under development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes. The effects of cotadutide on hepatic and metabolic parameters were evaluated in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this phase 2b study, 834 adults with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] of 7.0%–10.5% [53–91 mmol/mol]) were randomized to double-blind cotadutide 100 μg (n = 100), 200 μg (n = 256), or 300 μg (n = 256); placebo (n = 110); or open-label liraglutide 1.8 mg (n = 110)—all administered subcutaneously. Coprimary end points were changes in HbA1c and body weight at week 14. The originally randomized interventions were continued to week 54. Liver damage biomarkers and liver fibrosis algorithms were assessed.

RESULTS
Cotadutide significantly decreased HbA1c and body weight at weeks 14 and 54 versus placebo (all P &lt; 0.001). Improvements in lipid profile, AST and ALT levels, propeptide of type III collagen level, fibrosis-4 index, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score were observed with cotadutide 300 μg versus placebo, but not with liraglutide. Weight loss with cotadutide 200 μg was similar to that with liraglutide 1.8 mg and greater with cotadutide 300 μg versus liraglutide 1.8 mg. The most common adverse events with cotadutide (nausea, 35%; vomiting, 17%) decreased over time.

CONCLUSIONS
Cotadutide treatment for 54 weeks improved glycemic control and weight loss in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Ad hoc analyses demonstrated improvements in hepatic parameters and support further evaluation of cotadutide in NASH.
El atravesamiento del fantasma, un acto que posibilita del advenimiento de la identidad sinthomática y de un lazo social no segregativo
Authors: Ballesteros Daiana , Gonzalez Pablo Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

Cuatro años después de su excomunión, Lacan propone una teoría del fin de análisis en La proposición del 9 de octubre de 1967 sobre el psicoanalista de la Escuela bajo la forma del atravesamiento del fantasma. Allí sostiene que en el pase lógico un analizante deviene psicoanalista y que, en ese mismo movimiento, se produce la caída del Otro con el cual el sujeto sostenía fantasmáticamente un lazo. Partiendo de esto, Bassols (2017) afirma que en La proposición Lacan interroga los fundamentos del vínculo social, en tanto se deduce de la misma que un análisis llevado hasta el final daría lugar a un modo de lazo particular, que no se sostendría en ninguna de las tres formas de la identificación freudiana. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo indagar el acto que da lugar al atravesamiento del fantasma y la nueva modalidad de lazo que se funda a partir de dicho movimiento.
Cotas de gênero
Authors: Silveira Douglas Bischoff da , Andreatta Claudia 
Published: May 2021

O sistema eleitoral brasileiro vem sofrendo inúmeras reformas para proporcionar um cenário efetivamente acessível às mulheres. Nesse sentido, a alteração mais relevante nos últimos anos foi a implementação das cotas de gênero na política. Com o advento da Lei nº 12.034 de 2009, tornou-se obrigatório o respeito às cotas eleitorais, porém, inicialmente, não teve o efeito esperado e surgiram as chamadas “candidaturas fantasmas”. Na tentativa de implementar uma real mudança no cenário político, o Poder Judiciário reinterpretou as normas jurídicas referentes ao Fundo Partidário, ao Fundo Partidário Especial e ao tempo de propaganda eleitoral no rádio e na televisão para o sexo feminino. A partir do novo paradigma de efetivação das cotas eleitorais, verificou-se, através de dados estatísticos de duas eleições gerais, a evolução na luta contra a disparidade existente entre os sexos no ambiente político e, para isso, apresenta-se a análise comparativa de dados das Eleições Gerais de 2014 e de 2018, para os cargos de deputado federal e estadual no sul do país. Utilizando do método dedutivo, a discussão pautou-se em tabelas elaboradas a partir das informações disponibilizadas pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral em seu sítio eletrônico. O resultado verificado foi positivo, uma vez que as mudanças trouxeram um aumento considerável de mulheres eleitas nas eleições de 2018 em comparação com a eleição anterior. No entanto, além do aperfeiçoamento das regras eleitorais e a interpretação sobre a aplicação de cotas no cenário político, deve-se buscar atacar o real problema da questão, qual seja, a base cultural da sociedade brasileira.
Climate Change Impact on the Glaciers of the Rioni River Basin (Georgia)
Authors: Kordzakhia George , Shengelia Larisa , Tvauri Genadi , Dzadzamia Murman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, studies of glaciers in Georgia have become more important, because the degradation of glaciers causes an increase in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters of a glacial and hydrological nature, an increase in water levels in the Black Sea, and a changes in river water regime. Studying the current state of the ice sheet in Georgia is an important national economic task, and to obtainobtaining a scientifically sound answer on modern conditions of the glaciers, due to the impact of current climate change is an urgent task. To solve this task, high-resolution satellite remote sensing (SRS) is used. The r. Rioni basin (West Georgia) is one of the most important glacier basins in Georgia, where the powerful glaciers are spread and their change is of great interest. In this work there are presented the results of the study of r. Rioni glasiers glaciers degradation due to the influence of current climate change including the expected time of their full melting.
Comparison of Ash Content in Vineyard Pruning Residues from Moravian Region
Authors: Šotnar Martin , Vitázek Ivan , Mareček Jan , Burg Patrik , Krčálová Eva , Darnadyová Kristína , Mašán Vladimír 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents the thermogravimetric analysis results of various samples of vineyard pruning residues from Rakvice Stand in the Moravian viticultural region. The samples of Welschreisling, Grüner Veltliner, Gewürztraminer, and Palava were investigated in several heating-isotherm steps. Based on the results, three of these samples were found to not meet the conditions for the B category (≤3%) according to the EN ISO 17225 in terms of ash content. Only the Palava sample showed 2.76% of ash content in dry matter, which makes it suitable for technological applications, such as combustion in small residential biomass boilers. Considering the other samples, the results indicate that it is more appropriate to combust them as a part of mixture with added content of different wood biomasses.
Performance Features of Tooth Gearing in Gear Hydraulic Machines
Authors: Kuleshkov Yuri V. , Rudenko Timofey V. , Krasota Mikhailo V. , Bošanský Miroslav , Tóth František 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presented determines that the rotation velocities of gears and radii connecting the axes of rotation of the gears with the point of their teeth gearing are not equal with each other. It is explained by the relative slip of involute gear profiles during their rolling. This phenomenon will become a prerequisite for further development of creation of mathematical models in the context of theory of gear hydraulic machines. The models can explain a number of specific phenomena in the operation of gear hydraulic machines, such as pressure and input pulsations, dynamics of hydraulic oil in the cut-off plane, combined torque pulsations in gear hydraulic motors and others.
Scope of herbal mucilage in pharmaceutical formulations. A review
Authors: Saju Fels , Sivaraman Chinju M 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The aim of the article was to obtain maximum information about plant mucilage, its sources and applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study focuses on the scientific articles and books available in Internet resources and college library that deal with the sources, applications, extraction and isolation of plant mucilage. Mucilage is obtained mainly from plant sources and can be isolated easily. Due to the low cost, easy availability, non-toxicity, non-irritancy, and biocompatibility, mucilage is of great demand in the field of pharmaceuticals. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Abelmoschus esculentus L, Plantago ovata Forssk. and Aloe barbadensis L. are some common sources of mucilage. The isolation methods vary depending on the part of the plant where mucilage is present. It is commonly used as gelling agent, suspending agent, binder, and disintegrant. Since it is hydrophilic in nature, chances of deterioration are higher. In this review, different mucilage sources and their isolation methods are discussed in detail. Mucilage is used as excipient in many formulations of tablets, suspensions, gels, etc. The study explores the potential of plant mucilage as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of this inexpensive excipient make it more favourable for the newer formulation development.
Isolation, characterization and evaluation of anti-proliferative properties of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata on cultured HaCaT cells
Authors: Jindal Shammy , Awasthi Rajendra , Singare Dhananjay , Kulkarni Giriraj T. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyper-proliferation, abnormal epidermal keratinocytes and inflammatory infiltration. It affects approximately 4% of the population globally. Herbal extracts have better results with less toxic effects than the synthetic drugs in the treatment of psoriasis.

Objective: Present study was aimed to access the anti-psoriatic effect of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculate (A. paniculata).

Method: We extracted, characterized, and screened the extracted andrographolide for anti-proliferative characteristics using cultured cell model of human HaCaT keratinocyte.

Results: Andrographolide at 31.25 µg/mL (90 µM) demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on human HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation in cell culture. To our best knowledge, we reported the anti-proliferative potency of andrographolide extracted from A. paniculata for the first time.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the andrographolide extracted from A. paniculata plant may have potential to be used in the management of psoriasis.
Comparative analysis on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Algerian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) and Syrian cumin (Cuminum cyminumL.) seeds
Authors: Bouhenni Hasna , Doukani Koula , Hanganu Daniela , Olah Neli-Kinga , Şekeroğlu Nazim , Gezici Sevgi , Spinu Marina , Niculae Mihaela 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIntroduction: Natural products represent a gold mine for scientists looking for compounds for the treatment of health problems and diseases with their different biological and pharmacological activities. However, recent research is focused on finding natural sources of antioxidants.Objective: The objective of current research was to determine the phytochemical profile of Algerian fenu-greek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.), and Syrian cumin (Cuminum cyminumL.) seeds in order to characterize their phenolic compounds and to determine their antioxidant activities.Methods: Total phenolic, flavonoids, condensed and hydrolysable tannins contents were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, vanillin and ferric chloride methods, respectively. Phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC method and antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH assay.Results: The higher amounts of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, condensed and hydrolysable tannins were given by fenugreek. Results of HPLC analysis of our plants showed that eight phytochemical compounds were found in cumin extract, and seven molecules in fenugreek extract. Moreover, fenugreek possessed higher antioxidant activity.Conclusion: This study confirmed that our plants are a good source of phenolic contents and possess a high antioxidant activity.
The Potential Use of Osl Properties of Quartz in Investigating Fluvial Processes on the Catchment of River Mureş, Romania
Authors: Bartyik Tamás , Floca Cristian , Pál-Molnár Elemér , Urdea Petru , Hamed Diaa Elsayed , Sipos György 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo understand the functioning of fluvial systems it is important to investigate dynamics of sediment transport and the source of sediments. In case of reconstructing past processes these studies must be accompanied by the numerical dating of sediment samples. In this respect optically stimulated luminescence is a widely used technique, by which the time of sediment deposition can be directly dated. Recently, in various fluvial environments it has been shown that certain luminescence properties of minerals, and especially that of quartz, can be applied as indicators of fluvial erosion and/or sediment provenance. These properties are residual luminescence (or residual dose) and luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains. However, the values of the parameters above are affected by various factors, the importance of which is under debate. The present study therefore aims to assess these factors along a ~560 km long reach of River Mureş (Maros) a relatively large river with a compound surface lithology on its catchment. The research focused on the sandy fraction of modern sediments, collected from the main river and from three tributaries alike. This way not only longitudinal downstream changes, but the influence of tributaries could also be studied. Based on the data, both investigated parameters show a great variation, which can be attributed to the lithological differences of subcatchments and geomorphological drivers, such as erosional activity and potential number of sedimentary cycles, and human activity. However, relationships are not entirely clear and are influenced by the maximum grain size of the samples investigated, and the recycling of previously laid deposits with different properties. Still, when performing detailed dating studies, and tracing sediments from certain parts of the catchment luminescence properties can be a useful tool in the future.
Rapid and accurate measurement methods for determining soil hydraulic properties: A review
Authors: Castellini Mirko , Di Prima Simone , Moret-Fernández David , Lassabatere Laurent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The determination of soil hydraulic properties is important in several environmental sciences but may be expensive and time consuming. Therefore, during the last decades, a great effort has been made in soil sciences to develop relatively easy, robust, and inexpensive methods for soil hydraulic characterization. In this manuscript, we reviewed and discussed different infiltrometer techniques in light of the available experimental applications. More specifically, we considered the simplified falling head (SFH) infiltrometer technique and the single-ring infiltration experiment of the Beerkan type. Concerning this latter method, we considered different algorithms for data analysis: two simplified methods based on the analysis of transient (TSBI) and steady (SSBI) Beerkan infiltration data, and the Beerkan Estimation of Soil pedoTransfer parameters algorithm (BEST), that allows to estimate the soil characteristics curves, i.e., the soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity functions. For a given method, after dealing briefly theory and practice, available literature references were reported to account for specific applications in order to provide findings on method validation and application. With the aim to provide practical information on available tools for a simpler application of the reviewed methods, several video tutorials were reported to show i) how to conduct correctly field experiments and ii) how to calculate saturated hydraulic conductivity or soil hydraulic functions using user-friendly tools for data analysis. Finally, details on a new automated single-ring infiltrometer for Beerkan infiltration experiments (i.e., construction, assembly and field use) were presented.
Variability of topsoil hydraulic conductivity along the hillslope transects delineated in four areas strongly affected by soil erosion
Authors: Nikodem Antonín , Kodešová Radka , Fér Miroslav , Klement Aleš 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil hydraulic conductivities of topsoils were studied at 5 points of the hillslope transects delineated at 4 geomorphologically diverse areas, where the original soil types (Chernozem, Luvisol and two Cambisols) were due to erosion transformed into different soil unites. Hydraulic conductivities of saturated soils and for a pressure head of –2 cm were measured directly in the field using a Guelph permeameter (K

s,GP
) and mini disk tension infiltrometer (K

h=–

2

,MDI
), and in the laboratory using a multistep outflow method (K

s,MSO
, K

h= –

2

,MSO
). While K

s,GP
≈ K

s,MSO
in the Chernozem and Cambisol (sandy loam) regions, and K

s,GP
< K

s,MSO
in the Luvisol and Cambisol (loam) regions. The K

s
values obtained using different methods showed different trends along the hillslope transects. The K

h= –

2 values obtained using different methods showed similar trends along the transects in the Chernozem and Luvisol regions. These trends could be explained by the position within the transects (i.e., different stages of erosion/accumulation processes). No relationships were found between the K

h=–

2 values in the Cambisol regions. The pressure head at an inflection point of the a soil-water retention curve was the main parameter, which appeared to associate (negative correlation) with K

h=–

2 and K

s,MSO
in the Chernozem and Luvisol regions.
Water transmission properties of a sandy-loam soil estimated with Beerkan runs differing by the infiltration time criterion
Authors: Bagarello Vincenzo , Caltabellotta Gaetano , Iovino Massimo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Beerkan method consists of a ponded infiltration experiment from a single ring inserted a small depth into the soil. Fixed, small volumes of water are repeatedly poured into the ring to maintain a quasi-zero head on the soil surface. According to the standard Beerkan infiltration run, a new water volume is poured on the infiltration surface when the previously applied volume has completely infiltrated and the soil surface is entirely exposed to air (ta
criterion). However, water could also be applied when the soil exposition to air begins (to
criterion) or half the soil surface is exposed to air (tm
criterion). The effect of the infiltration time criterion on determination of the water transmission properties of a sandy-loam soil was tested. As compared with the standard ta
criterion, the two alternative criteria (to
, tm
) yielded higher and/or more variable estimates of soil water transmission properties. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks
, was the most sensitive property to the infiltration time criterion. However, statistically significant differences for Ks
were not practically substantial since they did not exceed a factor of 1.7. Infiltration time effects likely occurred due to differences between ponding depth of water, soil water pressure head gradient, air entrapment and soil mechanical disturbance. The standard ta
criterion was suggested for performing a Beerkan experiment in the field since it appears to yield the most reliable estimates of a mean value. However, the to
criterion could be considered in dual permeability soils to maintain macropores active. Factors that could appear minor in the context of an experiment can have statistically relevant effects on water transmission properties.