bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Boy Who Wasn't Really Killed”: Israeli State Violence in the Age of the Smartphone Witness
Authors: Stein Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the course of the first two decades of the twenty-first century, within the occupied Palestinian territories, photographic technologies and image-oriented politics would grow increasingly central as activist and human-rights tools of bearing witness to Israeli state and settler violence. This essay investigates the Israeli right-wing and international Zionist response to these Palestinian visual archives and their perceived threat. In particular, it tracks the rise and normalization of a repudiation script that impugned the veracity of these images, arguing that they were fraudulent or manipulated to produce a damning portrait of Israel. Drawing on post-colonial and settler-colonial studies, as placed into dialogue with digital media studies, the essay focuses on three cases studies of repudiation (2000, 2008, 2014, respectively) to consider how the long colonial history of repudiation in the Israeli context would be progressively updated by right-wing Israelis and their international supporters to meet the challenges posed by the smartphone age. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the script had become an increasingly standard Zionist response to viral images of Palestinian death or injury at Israeli state or settler hands. Repudiation was thus marshaled as a solution to the viral visibility of Israeli state violence by bringing the otherwise damning images back into line with dominant Israeli ideology, a process of shifting the narrative from Palestinian injury to Israeli victimhood. The story of the “false” image of Palestinian injury endeavors strips the visual field of its Israeli perpetrators and Palestinian victims, thereby exonerating the state. Or such is the nature of this digital fantasy in the Israeli colonial present.
Direct maxillary irrigation therapy in non-operated chronic sinusitis: a prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ronen O , Marshak T , Uri N , Gruber M , Haberfeld O , Paz D , Stein N , Cohen-Kerem R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy with and without direct maxillary sinus saline irrigation for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps.MethodsIn this prospective randomised controlled trial, 39 non-operated patients were randomly assigned to be treated with direct maxillary sinus saline irrigation in conjunction with systemic antibiotics and topical sprays (n =24) or with pharmacological therapy alone (n =15). Endoscopy, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and Lund–MacKay computed tomography scores were obtained before, six weeks after and one to two years after treatment.ResultsPost-treatment Lund–Mackay computed tomography scores were significantly improved in both cohorts, with no inter-cohort difference identified. Post-treatment nasal endoscopy scores were significantly improved in the study group but were similar to those measured in the control group. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 results showed improvement in both cohorts, with no difference between treatment arms.ConclusionMaxillary sinus puncture and irrigation with saline, combined with pharmacological treatment improves endoscopic findings in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, but has no beneficial effect on symptoms and imaging findings over conservative treatment alone.
Dysfunction in differential reward-punishment responsiveness in conduct disorder relates to severity of callous-unemotional traits but not irritability
Authors: Zhang Ru , Aloi Joseph , Bajaj Sahil , Bashford-Largo Johannah , Lukoff Jennie , Schwartz Amanda , Elowsky Jamie , Dobbertin Matthew , Blair Karina S. , Blair R. James R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundConduct disorder (CD) has been associated with dysfunction in reinforcement-based decision-making. Two forms of affective traits that reflect the components of CD severity are callous-unemotional (CU; reduced guilt/empathy) traits and irritability. The form of the reinforcement-based decision-making dysfunction with respect to CD and CU traits remains debated and has not been examined with respect to irritability in cases with CD. The goals of the current study were to determine the extent of dysfunction in differential (reward v. punishment) responsiveness in CD, and CU traits and irritability in participants with CD.MethodsThe study involved 178 adolescents [typically developing (TD; N = 77) and cases with CD (N = 101)]. Participants were scanned with fMRI during a passive avoidance task that required participants to learn to respond to (i.e. approach) stimuli that engender reward and refrain from responding to (i.e. passively avoid) stimuli that engender punishment.ResultsAdolescents with CD showed reduced differential reward-punishment responsiveness within the striatum relative to TD adolescents. CU traits, but not irritability, were associated with reduced differential reward-punishment responsiveness within the striatum, rostromedial, and lateral frontal cortices.ConclusionsThe results suggest CD is associated with reduced differential reward-punishment responsiveness and the extent of this dysfunction in participants with CD is associated with the severity of CU traits but not irritability.
Why Paul doesn't mention the ‘age to come’
Authors: Davies Jamie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the popular claim that the apostle Paul deploys an apocalyptic ‘two-age’ scheme in his eschatology, adapted from Jewish apocalyptic thought but reworked in an ‘inaugurated’ configuration in his theology as ‘now and not yet’. This reading is challenged as representing an oversimplified and anachronistic reading of the Jewish apocalyptic literature, and in respect of its claim to be a Pauline innovation. Furthermore, it is a reading not adequately sensitive to the fact that Paul rarely (if ever) uses the phrase ‘age to come’. The second section of the essay examines this Pauline evidence, and some of the language Paul uses instead of this phrase. Finally, the essay closes with a theological proposal for why Paul might do this, and makes some suggestions regarding Paul's view of time, the relationship between time and eternity, and possible ways this might be articulated once dogmatically located within his christology.
John Owen as proto-social trinitarian? Reinterpreting Owen and resisting a recent trend
Authors: Kieser Ty 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContrary to much of the recent literature on the trinitarian theology of John Owen, which often ascribes radical personal distinction to his account of triune relations and actions, this paper argues that Owen's account of distinct divine persons and trinitarian actions ought not to be contrasted with his theological forebears: Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Calvin. Instead, his account of trinitarian ontology and operation is thoroughly consistent with (and dependent upon) the Augustinian principles that these interpreters suspect Owen is rejecting. The argument unfolds by presenting four putative points of strong personal distinction in John Owen's trinitarian theology and then reinterpreting each of the themes and passages that these four points are supposedly rooted in, evidencing his Augustinian account of trinitarian unity and distinction.
The antinomy of gehenna: Pavel Florensky's contribution to debates on hell and universalism
Authors: Ridderman Erica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn The Pillar and Ground of the Truth Pavel Florensky presents an account of hell, or ‘Gehenna’, that synthesises two seemingly irreconcilable claims: that God will save all people, and that some people will reject God forever. In insisting that both claims are true, and by recasting standard categories of final judgement, purgation and human identity, Florensky produces a novel contribution in contemporary debates about hell and universalism. I begin by surveying his account, then address two key interpretive questions raised by his critics, and conclude by situating his account within modern western conversations.
A regret lower bound for assortment optimization under the capacitated MNL model with arbitrary revenue parameters
Authors: Peeters Yannik , den Boer Arnoud V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this note, we consider dynamic assortment optimization with incomplete information under the capacitated multinomial logit choice model. Recently, it has been shown that the regret (the cumulative expected revenue loss caused by offering suboptimal assortments) that any decision policy endures is bounded from below by a constant times $\sqrt {NT}$, where $N$ denotes the number of products and $T$ denotes the time horizon. This result is shown under the assumption that the product revenues are constant, and thus leaves the question open whether a lower regret rate can be achieved for nonconstant revenue parameters. In this note, we show that this is not the case: we show that, for any vector of product revenues there is a positive constant such that the regret of any policy is bounded from below by this constant times $\sqrt {N T}$. Our result implies that policies that achieve ${{\mathcal {O}}}(\sqrt {NT})$ regret are asymptotically optimal for all product revenue parameters.
Building Research Infrastructures to Study Digital Technology and Politics: Lessons from Switzerland
Authors: Gilardi Fabrizio , Baumgartner Lucien , Dermont Clau , Donnay Karsten , Gessler Theresa , Kubli Maël , Leemann Lucas , Müller Stefan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe relationship between digital technology and politics is an important phenomenon that remains poorly understood due to several structural problems. A key issue is the lack of adequate research infrastructures or the lack of access. This article discusses the challenges many social scientists face and presents the infrastructure we built in Switzerland to overcome them, using COVID-19 as an example. We conclude by discussing seven lessons we learned: automatization is key; avoid data hoarding; outsource some parts of the infrastructure but not others; focus on substantive questions; share data in the context of collaborations; engage in targeted public outreach; and collaboration is more promising than competition. We hope that our experience is helpful to other researchers pursuing similar goals.
Emerging trends: Deep nets for poets
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward , Yuan Xiaopeng , Guo Sheng , Wu Zewu , Yang Yehua , Chen Zeyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep nets have done well with early adopters, but the future will soon depend on crossing the chasm. The goal of this paper is to make deep nets more accessible to a broader audience including people with little or no programming skills, and people with little interest in training new models. A github is provided with simple implementations of image classification, optical character recognition, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, question answering (QA/SQuAD), machine translation, speech to text (SST), and speech recognition (STT). The emphasis is on instant gratification. Non-programmers should be able to install these programs and use them in 15 minutes or less (per program). Programs are short (10–100 lines each) and readable by users with modest programming skills. Much of the complexity is hidden behind abstractions such as pipelines and auto classes, and pretrained models and datasets provided by hubs: PaddleHub, PaddleNLP, HuggingFaceHub, and Fairseq. Hubs have different priorities than research. Research is training models from corpora and fine-tuning them for tasks. Users are already overwhelmed with an embarrassment of riches (13k models and 1k datasets). Do they want more? We believe the broader market is more interested in inference (how to run pretrained models on novel inputs) and less interested in training (how to create even more models).
Evidence for the In‐Situ Generation of Plasma Depletion Structures Over the Transition Region of Geomagnetic Low‐Mid Latitude
Authors: Sivakandan M. , Mondal S. , Sarkhel S. , Chakrabarty D. , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Upadhayaya A. K. , Shinbori A. , Sori T. , Kannaujiya S. , Champati Ray P. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOn a geomagnetic quiet night of October 29, 2018, we captured an observational evidence of the onset of dark band structures within the field‐of‐view of an all‐sky airglow imager operating at 630.0 nm over a geomagnetic low‐mid latitude transition region, Hanle, Leh Ladakh. Simultaneous ionosonde observations over New Delhi shows the occurrence of spread‐F in the ionograms. Additionally, virtual and peak height indicate vertical upliftment in the F layer altitude and reduction in the ionospheric peak frequency were also observed when the dark band pass through the ionosonde location. All these results confirmed that the observed depletions are indeed associated with ionospheric F region plasma irregularities. The rate of total electron content index (ROTI) indicates the absence of plasma bubble activities over the equatorial/low latitude region which confirms that the observed event is a mid‐latitude plasma depletion. Our calculations reveal that the growth time of the plasma depletion is ∼2 h if one considers only the Perkins instability mechanism. This is not consistent with the present observations as the plasma depletion developed within ∼25 min. By invoking possible Es layer instabilities and associated E‐F region coupling, we show that the growth rate increases roughly by an order of magnitude. This strongly suggests that the Cosgrove and Tsunoda mechanism may be simultaneously operational in this case. Furthermore, it is also suggested that reduced F region flux‐tube integrated conductivity in the southern part of onset region created conducive background conditions for the growth of the plasma depletion on this night.
i4DVar: An Integral Correcting Four‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Method
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Zhang Hongqin , Feng Xiaobing , Li Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFour‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) has become an increasingly important tool in data science with wide applications in many engineering and scientific fields. The current state‐of‐the‐art 4DVar offers only two choices in incorporating the forecast model which lead to the strongly and weakly constrained 4DVar approaches. The former ignores the model error and only corrects the initial condition error at the expense of reduced accuracy; while the latter accounts for both the initial and model errors but corrects them separately, which increases computational costs and uncertainty. To overcome these limitations, in this study we develop an integral correcting 4DVar (i4DVar) approach by treating all errors together as a whole and correcting them simultaneously and indiscriminately. Our main idea is to introduce an averaged penalization term in the cost functional to correct the error evolution at selected time steps with same interval, which is amount to dividing the assimilation window into several sub‐windows. As a result, i4DVar greatly enhances the capability of the strongly constrained 4DVar for correcting the model error while also overcomes the limitation of the weakly constrained 4DVar for being prohibitively expensive with added uncertainty. The new i4DVar approach has the potential to be applicable to various scientific and engineering fields as well as industrial sectors which involve big observation data because of its ease of implementation and superior performance.
Multiresolution Modeling of High‐Latitude Ionospheric Electric Field Variability and Impact on Joule Heating Using SuperDARN Data
Authors: Matsuo Tomoko , Fan Minjie , Shi Xueling , Miller Caleb , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Paul Debashis , Lee Thomas C. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe most dynamic electromagnetic coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere occurs in the polar upper atmosphere. It is critical to quantify the electromagnetic energy and momentum input associated with this coupling as its impacts on the ionosphere and thermosphere system are global and major, often leading to considerable disturbances in near‐Earth space environments. The current general circulation models of the upper atmosphere exhibit systematic biases that can be attributed to an inadequate representation of the Joule heating rate resulting from unaccounted stochastic fluctuations of electric fields associated with the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. These biases exist regardless of geomagnetic activity levels. To overcome this limitation, a new multiresolution random field modeling approach is developed, and the efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) data carefully curated for the study during a largely quiet 4‐hour period on February 29, 2012. Regional small‐scale electrostatic fields sampled at different resolutions from a probabilistic distribution of electric field variability conditioned on actual SuperDARN LOS observations exhibit considerably more localized fine‐scale features in comparison to global large‐scale fields modeled using the SuperDARN Assimilative Mapping procedure. The overall hemispherically integrated Joule heating rate is increased by a factor of about 1.5 due to the effect of random regional small‐scale electric fields, which is close to the lower end of arbitrarily adjusted Joule heating multiplicative factor of 1.5 and 2.5 typically used in upper atmosphere general circulation models. The study represents an important step toward a data‐driven ensemble modeling of magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐atmosphere coupling processes.
The Scalable Plasma Ion Composition and Electron Density (SPICED) Model for Earth's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: James Matthew K. , Yeoman Tim K. , Jones Petra , Sandhu Jasmine K. , Goldstein Jerry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe plasma mass loading of the terrestrial equatorial inner magnetosphere is a key determinant of the characteristics and propagation of ultra low frequency waves. Electron number density is also an important factor for other types of waves such as chorus, hiss and EMIC waves. In this paper, we use Van Allen Probe data from September 2012 to February 2019 to create average models of electron densities and average ion mass in the plasmasphere and plasmatrough, near the Earth's magnetic equator. These models are combined to provide an estimate of the most probable plasma mass density in the equatorial region. We then use machine learning to form a set of models which are parameterized by the SuperMAG ring current index based on the design of the average models. The resulting set of models are capable of predicting the average ion mass, electron density and plasma mass density in the range and over all magnetic local time sectors during a range of conditions where nT.
The Complex Love Numbers of Long‐Period Zonal Tides Retrieved From Global GPS Displacements: Applications for Determining Mantle Anelasticity
Authors: Ding Hao , Chen ZhiFeng , Pan YuanJin , Zou ChuanYi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐period zonal tidal Love numbers are more sensitive to lower‐mantle anelasticity (which is difficult to determine even from laboratory); however, the Love numbers of the zonal tides have not been adequately determined. In this study, we use the optimal sequence estimation method with the Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements to estimate the complex Love numbers of the long‐period zonal tides. For the first time, we retrieve the complex Love numbers h20 and l20 for the Msm, Msf, SN, Mstm, Mtm, Msqm, and Mqm tides from the Up‐ and North‐components of the global GPS displacements; we also re‐estimate the same complex Love numbers for the Mm (monthly) and Mf (fortnightly) tides with a higher precision. Based on the robust estimated h20 and l20 values for the nine zonal tides, we inverse their corresponding mantle anelastic parameters fr and fi, respectively. We finally obtain that the material‐dependent parameter α for the lower mantle is 0.189 ± 0.07, and find that the 18.6‐year nodal tide and the Chandler wobble, as well as the long‐period zonal tides, can be represented by a single absorption band. Our estimates for fr, fi, and α can be further used to construct attenuation and velocity models of the Earth's interior.
Warming‐Induced Northwestward Migration of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the Geological Past: Evidence From Climate Simulations and Geological Reconstructions
Authors: Huang Xiaofang , Yang Shiling , Haywood Alan , Jiang Dabang , Wang Yongda , Sun Minmin , Tang Zihua , Ding Zhongli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cold and warm intervals during the Plio‐Pleistocene provide an opportunity to assess the response of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) to different levels of global warming. In this study, the northern edge of the ASM, a sensitive indicator of the advance and retreat of the ASM rain belt, was analyzed using climate outputs from PMIP3 and PlioMIP1, for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21,000 yr BP), the preindustrial, the mid‐Holocene (∼6,000 yr BP), and the mid‐Pliocene (∼3.3–3.0 Ma), among which the global temperature increased sequentially. The results show that the northern edge of the ASM migrated northwestward by ∼200 km, ∼50 km, and ∼50 km with global warming from the LGM to preindustrial, from the preindustrial to mid‐Holocene, and from the mid‐Holocene to mid‐Pliocene, respectively. These results are generally consistent with geological records. The simulations show that the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) intensified and expanded geographically, and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrated northward over the Indian Ocean and was shifted southward over the western Pacific. This led to a northwestward shift of the Asian monsoonal rain belt, and consequently to wetter conditions in India and northern China. During the mid‐Pliocene, pronounced warming substantially intensified the WPSH, leading to the suppression of moisture transport from the Indian Ocean to southern China and the Indo‐China Peninsula. Our results suggest that if the planet returns to a Pliocene warm world, precipitation will increase in northern China, while southern China and the Indo‐China Peninsula will experience more frequent droughts.
Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower
Authors: Sunjerga Antonio , Rubinstein Marcos , Azadifar Mohammad , Mostajabi Amirhossein , Rachidi Farhad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the observation of three negative upward flashes recorded by a high‐speed camera at the Säntis Tower during the Summer of 2019. The camera was operating at 10,000 fps and an exposure time of 99 μs. Simultaneous measurements of the lightning current were obtained for all three flashes. The close electric field was measured for one of the observed flashes, which was analyzed in detail. In this flash, we observed 50 recoil leaders developing in the decayed channel with speeds characteristic of dart leader processes. Out of the 50 recoil leaders, 45 ended up as attempted leaders, three developed into M‐component‐type ICC (initial continuous current) processes, and two into return strokes. This study reveals that depending on the spatial and temporal properties of electric field in the area of the event and the main channel condition, recoil leaders can develop into different processes in upward negative lightning flashes such as attempted leaders, M‐components, M‐component‐type ICC events, mixed mode pulses, or return strokes. We observed M‐component‐type ICC events with junction heights as low as 137 m, while all of the observed mixed mode pulses seemed to attach directly to the structure. Bidirectional propagation of the recoil leader was also observed.