bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prosperity Gospel: Debating Modernity in Africa and the African Diaspora
Authors: Kwateng-Yeboah James 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Debates over the role of Pentecostalism in effecting modernity through its widespread “prosperity gospel” remain inconclusive. Though Weber's Protestant Ethic has been persistently invoked, sociological analyses reveal that the prosperity gospel challenges dominant Weberian conceptualizations of modernity. On one hand, the doctrine refutes Weber's central claim of modern societies by its pervasive “enchantment.” On the other hand, the prosperity gospel shares modern traits of human autonomy and entrepreneurship. Does the prosperity gospel demonstrate simultaneously modern and antimodern themes? Using cases from Africa and the African diaspora, this essay critically reviews how modernity has functioned as a complicated category for analyses of the prosperity gospel and for Pentecostalism. Showing that modernity is mediated irreducibly by the historical and cultural backgrounds of the society it encounters, the essay argues for the potency of the “multiple modernities” paradigm as an analytical framework that better captures realities of Africana contexts, notably Pentecostalism and the prosperity gospel.
Africana Religions beyond Belief
Authors: Miller Monica R. , Driscoll Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors attend to understudied Africana nonbeliever postures—including humanist, atheist, freethought, and nontheist—calling the field of Africana religions to study this quantitatively small, yet significant life orientation. The article includes a survey of Africana nonbeliever organizations and voices in the West, an overview of atheism and irreligious affiliation in certain African countries, and an argument that a critical methodological approach, augmented by a concern for hermeneutical variation, provides a platform for further research into Africana nonbelief.
Prospects for the Study of Gertrude Stein
Authors: Kirsch Sharon J. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Perhaps more than any other modernist, Gertrude Stein's exhilarating though sometimes exhausting genre-defying writing invites ongoing philosophical, aesthetic, and cultural explorations of and engagement with language, grammar, indeterminacy, conventional expression, and nonlinear modes of reading and writing. For decades, a continuous stream of single-author, book-length studies; a steady succession of peer-reviewed articles; frequent coverage in the mainstream press; and an enduring influence on contemporary artists and writers have all indicated that Gertrude Stein's work and legacy still capture the scholarly and popular imagination. This article offers resources for scholars and students interested in Stein studies, provides an overview of Stein's work, considers trends in past and current criticism, and discusses possibilities for new areas of inquiry.
“O sexo do trabalho”: reflexões sobre experiências laborais de trabalhadores/as transexuais e travestis
Authors: Santos de Brito Carolina Gonçalves , De Almeida Carla Cristina Lima 
Published: February 2021

Trata-se de uma reflexão acerca das experiências laborais de trabalhadores/as transexuais e travestis, cuja direção analítica debruça-se a pensar, especialmente, de que modo este segmento é incorporado na divisão sexual do trabalho. Hierarquia, subordinação e desigualdade de gênero (re) produzidas no interior das relações e práticas de trabalho conformam condições ainda mais precárias de inserção e permanência de pessoas trans no mundo do trabalho. Nesta esteira, problematiza-se as políticas públicas de trabalho, emprego e renda em torno do recorte da diversidade de gênero, bem como o direito à saúde, ao nome social e à retificação do registro civil de modo interseccionado ao direito ao trabalho de pessoas trans.
Movimento feminista negro no país da democracia racial e da [des]igualdade
Authors: Sousa Clerislânia De Albuquerque 
Published: February 2021

Este estudo pretende fazer uma abordagem bibliográfica acerca do feminismo negro e da sua importância no Brasil. Historicamente, o nosso país é marcado pelo legado da escravidão e as consequências mesmo após a abolição da escravatura são percebidas na atualidade. A ideia de que no Brasil a escravidão foi mais branda e que seus reflexos não são percebidos só ratifica com a ideia de que o mito da democracia racial foi uma ilusão a fim de esconder uma das maiores marcas da história do Brasil. Nesse contexto, este estudo pretende apresentar a importância do feminismo negro no que tange dar o protagonismo e o espaço que as mulheres negras merecem. O estudo revelou que o movimento feminista negro está em avanço, apesar das inúmeras barreiras, porém, a busca pelo seu espaço é um processo contínuo e permanente, visto que o Brasil e suas raízes históricas são configuradas pelo racismo.
Unges dialektbrug i bygden Sandur på Færøerne
Authors: Jacobsen Jógvan í Lon 
Published: February 2021

In this article, dialect changes and variation among young schoolchildren in the island of Sandoy in the Faroe Islands are discussed. The fieldwork was made by a group of students at the University of the Faroe Islands in November 2019 under the guidance of this article’s author. The informants are two groups of 10 and 15 year old schoolchildren. By examining the young generation, we can get information about the ‘state of health’ of the dialect. Here three dialectal variables are examined: (i) The variation of definite and indefinite form of words for family members, for instance the dialectal form mamman ‘the mother’ and the Central Faroese form mamma ‘mother’; (ii) Personal and possessive pronouns in 1st and 2nd person plural in oblique case, for instance the dialect form [o:gʊn] ‘us’ and the Central Faroese form [ɔʰk:ʊn] ‘us’; (iii) The pronunciation of short ó with the dialectal variant [ɔ] and the Central Faroese form [œ], for instance [fɔlk] resp. [fœlk] ‘people’.
The first variable shows clearly a tendency towards dialect change in the young generation: the indefinite forms are much more frequent than the dialect counterpart. The use of the pronouns shows a relatively high degree of variation: the dialect forms are more frequently used by the 10 than the 15 year old pupils. The pronunciation of short ó shows variation to a large extent. Here we see the same pattern as we saw for variable 2: the youngest pupils are more likely to use the dialect¬al form [ɔ] than the older ones. On the other hand, variation is much more common in the group of 15 year old pupils.
This study shows both stability and change in the dialect of children in Sandoy: Stability in use of the dialectal forms of the personal and possessive pro¬nouns, and variation and change in the two other variables. In a couple of years an underwater tunnel will connect the island of Sandoy with the central part of the islands. In a future scenario this dialect study opens the possibility for comparative studies of the dialect of Sandoy before and after the opening of the tunnel.
Management of Maritime Pine: Energetic Potential with Alternative Silvicultural Guidelines
Authors: Fonseca Teresa , Lousada José 
Published: February 2021

The interest in the use of energy of the forests has been increasing in recent decades. Biomass has the potential to provide a cost-effective and sustainable supply of renewable energy. Moreover, it could be valuable for reducing the severity of forest fires and create employment in extremely needy regions. This chapter brings to discuss the effect of forest management on the potential of energy provided by the woodlands. The authors selected as a case study the management of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), an important softwood species in the southwest of Europe and, in particular, in Portugal where it represents around 22% of the forest area. A summary of traditional and new silvicultural guidelines for the species, used or proposed to be followed at the national level, is presented. The study follows with the evaluation of stand yield and the potential of energy associated with four alternative silvicultural guidelines. Two scenarios follow traditional standards (an initial density of 1100–1200 trees/ha), while the other two consider managing a high density stand (an initial density of 40,000 trees/ha). Simulations were performed with the ModisPinaster model. The results show that the new designs provide a considerable yield in terms of biomass and energy.
Is Apoptosis a Diagnostic Marker of Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Piro Francesca R. , di Gioia Cira R. T. , Gallo Pietro , Giordano Carla , d'Amati Giulia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To investigate and quantify the presence of apoptosis in early myocardial ischemia in humans.
Methods.—Histologic sections from the left and right ventricles of 16 hearts with impending myocardial infarction were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and with antibodies to p53, bcl-2, cpp32, FAS, FAS-L, and bax. DNA electrophoretic analysis was also performed.
Results.—According to the inclusion criteria, all 16 cases showed morphologic changes consistent with ischemia and/or reperfusion. TUNEL results were positive in 14 of the 16 ischemic areas. Unexpectedly, they were also positive in “remote from ischemia” myocardium of both the left and right ventricles. DNA electrophoretic analysis confirmed the results of TUNEL. Immunohistochemistry was uniformly negative, probably because of autolysis phenomena.
Conclusions.—We showed that apoptosis precedes necrosis in humans, but the detection of apoptosis cannot be used as a diagnostic tool, since it can also be triggered by nonischemic events.
Gynecomastia-like Lesions in the Female Breast
Authors: Umlas Joel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Gynecomastia is an abnormal enlargement of the male breast, but the histopathologic abnormalities could theoretically be present in female breasts as well. To my knowledge, however, there have been no reports in the literature to date that have attributed a clinically or radiologically detectable mass in a female breast exclusively to the histopathologic findings seen in gynecomastia.
Objective.—The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings of 4 patients with lesions composed exclusively of the findings of gynecomastia, herein termed gynecomastia-like lesions, are presented and compared with those of 3 patients with lesser degrees of these changes, herein termed gynecomastia-like areas, which were incidental accompaniments to other lesions.
Setting.—During a 26-month interval, 1242 breast excisions (excluding needle biopsies or aspirates) were examined in a 170-bed, acute-care, community–medical school teaching hospital.
Results.—Four patients had gynecomastia-like lesions varying from 1 to 3 cm in greatest dimension with histopathologic features showing the changes of gynecomastia exclusively. Two patients had clinically palpable masses. Two other patients had masses detected only by mammography. One postmenopausal patient was taking estrogen/progesterone replacement medication. Two of the 3 others were not taking birth control pills, and none had a clinical endocrinopathy. Thus far, none of the lesions have recurred. The 3 patients with gynecomastia-like areas were diagnosed separately with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and lipoma.
Conclusions.—Pathologists should be aware that clinically palpable or radiologically detected masses in female breasts may be composed exclusively of the histopathologic findings of gynecomastia.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome Secondary to Capnocytophaga canimorsus Septicemia and Demonstration of Bacteremia by Peripheral Blood Smear
Authors: Mirza Imran , Wolk John , Toth Lajos , Rostenberg Peter , Kranwinkel Ramon , Sieber Steven C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia was fatal in a previously healthy 47-year-old woman. The patient died suddenly in less than 12 hours after presentation, in spite of supportive measures, including ventilation, antibiotic coverage, pressor therapy, and multiple transfusions of blood products. The diagnosis of infection due to an unusual organism was suspected earlier in the course of management after review of the peripheral blood smear. The importance of the findings in the blood smear and their correlation with infection due to this organism are discussed.
Chromosome 22q11 Deletion Complicated by Dissecting Pulmonary Arterial Aneurysm and Jejunal Atresia in an Infant
Authors: Yamanaka Shoji , Tanaka Yukichi , Kawataki Motoyoshi , Ijiri Rieko , Imaizumi Kiyoshi , Kurahashi Hiroki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present an autopsy case of a 46-day-old male infant with chromosome 22q11 deletion, which is considered the primary cause of several diseases, including DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. The patient had 2 notable congenital abnormalities: multiple dissecting pulmonary arterial aneurysms distributed in both lungs and multiple jejunal atresia with apple-peel deformity. The former, a very rare pathologic condition especially in infancy, was found incidentally at autopsy and was the primary cause of death. To our knowledge, neither of these lesions has been reported previously in a patient with chromosome 22q11 deletion.
Carcinosarcoma of the Liver
Authors: Nomura Kouichi , Aizawa Shigeo , Ushigome Shinichiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An autopsy case of carcinosarcoma of the liver in an 84-year-old man is described. The 14 × 6-cm solid tumor was located in the hilus to the left lobe and was grayish-white with some translucent areas. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an intimate mixture of adenocarcinomatous and chondrosarcomatous elements with transitional areas in between. Immunohistochemically, cells of the adenocarcinomatous elements were positive for cytokeratin but negative for S100 protein, whereas cells of the chondrosarcomatous elements showed the reverse staining pattern. Cells of transitional areas were positive for both cytokeratin and S100 protein. Most previously reported cases of carcinosarcoma of the liver have involved elderly men and have had a poor prognosis. The findings of the present case support the view that carcinosarcomas represent carcinomas that develop a sarcomatous element via metaplasia of the epithelial element.
Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies
Authors: Klee George G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) are human immunoglobulins with specificity for mouse immunoglobulins. This topic currently is of interest because of the increased use of monoclonal mouse antibodies as diagnostic reagents both for in vitro laboratory measurements and for in vivo imaging studies. Monoclonal mouse antibodies also are being used therapeutically. This short article reviews the production of HAMA in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies and illustrates the potential ways that HAMA can interfere with immunoassay measurements. Methods for measuring and neutralizing HAMA also are discussed.
Alveolar Hemorrhage and Renal Microangiopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hughson Michael D. , He Zhi , Henegar Jeffrey , McMurray Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—Acute alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus usually occurs as a pulmonary-renal syndrome. In most cases, the lungs show “bland” alveolar hemorrhage with little or no inflammation. Whether this alveolar injury is similar to the better-defined noninflammatory renal lupus vasculopathy is unresolved.Objectives.—To investigate the relationships and the mechanisms of small vascular injury in the lung and kidney of 2 lupus patients who died of diffuse AH.Methods.—We investigated the relationship of AH to immune complex deposition in the lungs of 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and correlated the findings with glomerular and vascular disease in the kidney. Lung and kidney were studied by light, immunofluorescence, and/or electron microscopy; apoptosis was investigated using in situ nick-end labeling.Results.—The clinical course of 2 patients was complicated by alveolar hemorrhage, and the lungs of these patients revealed alveolar wall immune complex deposits and bland alveolar hemorrhage. These 2 patients had World Health Organization class IV lupus nephritis and renal arterioles involved by a noninflammatory lupus vasculopathy. Apoptosis was identified in the lupus microangiopathy and in alveolar walls within areas of alveolar hemorrhage. Alveolar wall immune complex deposits were not found in 4 patients who had a lupus glomerulonephritis but did not have renal lupus vasculopathy. Apoptosis was not seen in renal arterioles or lungs of these 4 cases, except in areas of diffuse alveolar damage or herpesvirus pneumonia.Conclusions.—Our findings indicate that alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by bland alveolar wall changes, is pathogenetically similar to the lupus microangiopathy of the kidney. In both lung and kidney, the pathogenesis of the microvascular injury appears to be related to immune complex deposition and the induction of apoptosis.
Primary High-Grade Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue–Type Lymphoma of the Cervix Presenting as a Common Endocervical Polyp
Authors: Rossi Giulio , Bonacorsi Goretta , Longo Lucia , Artusi Tullio , Rivasi Francesco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lymphomas of the uterine cervix are uncommon neoplasms and typically appear as diffuse cervical enlargement. We describe a rare case of primary high-grade lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the uterine cervix in a 46-year-old white woman. The tumor, incidentally disclosed at gynecological examination, appeared as a single common polyp. Immunohistochemical investigation found the lesion to consist of a monomorphic CD20-positive infiltrate of large blasts and rare intermingling centrocyte-like lymphoid cells. A dense area of monotypic (λ light-chain restriction) plasma cells was found beneath the endocervical mucosa; only a few scattered lymphoepithelial lesions were present. The neoplastic cells did not stain for CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, or cyclin D1. A bone marrow biopsy displayed a paratrabecular, centrocyte-like B-cell infiltration, but no lymphadenopathy was detected by instrumental examination (computed tomographic scan, magnetic resonance imaging). The tumor was successfully treated by multiagent chemotherapy followed by total hysterectomy. To our knowledge, this case represents the second reported example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue–type lymphoma occurring in the uterine cervix. We highlight the very unusual gross appearance of this case and emphasize the difficulty of interpreting lymphoid infiltrates in the lower genital tract by microscopy.
Effects of Pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors on Coagulation Testing
Authors: Gosselin Robert C. , King Jeffrey H. , Janatpur Kim A. , Dager William H. , Larkin Edward C. , Owings John T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and fondaparinux represent a new class of anticoagulants. The effects of DTIs on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time measurements have been reported previously, but there are limited data on the impact of these anticoagulants on other coagulation tests.
Objective.—To determine the effects of fondaparinux and 3 DTIs (argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin) on miscellaneous coagulation tests.
Design.—Bivalirudin, lepirudin, argatroban, and fondaparinux were added to pooled normal plasma and tested for fibrinogen, antithrombin (thrombin and Xa substrate methods), plasminogen, protein C (clot and chromogenic methods), protein S, von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant testing (dilute Russell viper venom test [DRVVT] with ratio), and factors II, IX, and X activities.
Results.—We found no drug interference on antithrombin, plasminogen, chromogenic protein C, von Willebrand factor, or D-dimer results. All DTIs falsely decreased fibrinogen values, while falsely increasing protein C and protein S levels. All DTIs prolonged the DRVVT, and only argatroban yielded DRVVT ratios less than 1.2. Lepirudin demonstrated no effect on factor II activity, and only argatroban demonstrated decreased factor X activity. All DTI samples demonstrated a linear, dose-dependent, false decrease of factor IX activity.
Conclusions.—Using in vitro methods, we demonstrated DTI effects on numerous clot-based assays, but we found no interference with latex agglutination, chromogenic, or platelet aggregation methods. Fondaparinux only affected measurement of protein S activity. Caution must be used when interpreting coagulation test results on patients receiving these drugs.
Splenic Rupture: A Rare Presentation of Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Smith Wendy M. , Lucas Joel G. , Frankel Wendy L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Splenic rupture secondary to solid malignancy is an infrequent complication that usually occurs late in the progression of a previously diagnosed cancer. In rare instances, splenic rupture precipitates the discovery of an unsuspected pancreatic carcinoma. We report 2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in which the patients presented with splenic rupture.
Objectives.—To review the clinicopathologic features of splenic rupture due to pancreatic carcinoma and to increase awareness of malignancy as a possible etiology for atraumatic splenic rupture.
Design.—We reviewed the clinical and pathologic data from 2 patients. A literature search was conducted to identify previous reports of splenic rupture associated with pancreatic cancer. We summarized the characteristics of the earlier cases and compared them with those of our patients.
Results.—We found only 4 previous reports of splenic rupture preceding the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In 3 of these cases, the pancreatic carcinoma grossly invaded the spleen at the time of resection. In contrast, malignancy was not suspected as the etiology of the rupture in our patients until histologic examination of the resected spleen revealed carcinoma.
Conclusion.—Splenic rupture is an unusual presentation of cancer of the pancreas, and to our knowledge only 4 cases have been reported previously in the literature. Although an underlying malignancy is relatively rare, spleens resected for atraumatic rupture should be carefully examined for possible neoplastic etiologies.