bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acne in workers at the ferroalloy production (835.7)
Authors: Batpenova Gulnar , Kotlyarova Tatiyana , Tarkina Tatiyana , Dzhetpisbaeva Zulfiya 
Published: June 2021

Enterprises of the ferroalloy production are characterized by a combination of adverse factors, such as chemical, physical, temperature differences, thermal radiation.The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency and severity of acne definition of the employees at ferroalloy production. We have carried out a preventive medical examination of 2856 workers.From 2856 examined workers, skin pathology is identified at 621 that was 21,7±0,8%, including acne ‐ 53 (18,5±2,3%). In a comparative analysis on groups of units higher incidence of acne was found in group 1 workers coming into contact with more intense dermotropic factors of production cycle 36 (67,9±6,4); Group II ‐ 10 patients (18,9±5,4); in III ‐ 7 people (13,2± 4,6). The severity was assessed by a simple three‐step scale: acne vulgaris I and II severity ‐ 43 (81,1±5,4%), severe degrees of acne ‐ 10 (18,9 ± 4,6%); including acne conglobate ‐ 3 (5,7±3,2%) and nodular ‐ cystic acne ‐ 7 (13,2 ± 4,6%). Severe forms of acne were to the employees I division. Patients with acne related mainly to the age group of 20‐29 years ‐ 34 people (64.1%) and 30‐39 years ‐ 19 people (35.9%). It was characterized by a more frequent development of the disease in up to 5 years ‐ 36 workers (67.9%), respectively.Thus, acne is more prevalent in one group of workers are employed directly in the production of ferroalloys 36 (67,9±6,4).
Antiplatelet characteristics of Z4A5, a novel selective platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, under long‐term infusion (837.13)
Authors: Shin Xiaolian , Shen Xin , Jing Jing , Feng Meng , Wang Bing 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are important in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and percutaneous coronary interventions due to their effects on the final common pathway of platelet aggregation. Z4A5 is a new hexapeptide IIb/IIIa inhibitor with antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. This study was performed to assess the stability of the antiplatelet effects and characteristics of Z4A5 with long‐term infusion. Materials and Methods:Light‐transmission aggregometry was used to measure platelet aggregation to assess the antiplatelet efficacy of Z4A5 in vitro and ex vivo. The activity of Z4A5against platelet aggregation and template bleeding time were evaluated after 8‐hour intravenous infusions in Beagle dogs following a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The recovery of platelet function after suppression by Z4A5 was compared with the recovery following eptifibatide and tirofiban administration 4h after termination. Results:Z4A5 completely inhibited Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐ and thrombin‐induced in vitro platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 265.8±22.9 nM and 180.3±58.2 nM. It also markedly and stably prevented ADP‐induced ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolonged the bleeding time throughout the 8‐hour infusion. Platelet function suppressed by long‐term infusion of Z4A5 recovered significantly faster than after eptifibatide infusion.Conclusions: Z4A5 has a stable antiplatelet effect and can be more readily controlled by physicians to monitor platelet function in ACS patients compared with two other GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology New Drug Major Project (No. 2012ZX09103‐301‐039)
Protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning by brief hind limb ischemia against the gastric mucosal injury caused by severe gastric ischemia‐reperfusion: participation of glucocorticoids (840.12)
Authors: Filaretova Ludmila , Komkova Olga , Morozova Olga , Bagaeva Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

In the present study we investigated the effect of noninvasive hind limb ischemic preconditioning on the gastric mucosal injury caused by severe gastric ischemia‐reperfusion and participation of glucocorticoids in this effect. Under deep anesthesia rats were exposed to prolonged gastric ischemia‐reperfusion (30 min occlusion of celiac artery followed by 3 h of reperfusion) alone or with preliminary remote ischemic preconditioning (10 min hind limb ischemia, by placing a tourniquet on the proximal part of the limb, followed by 30 min of reperfusion). The participation of glucocorticoids was investigated by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU‐38486, inhibitor of glucocorticoids’ synthesis metyrapone, and adrenalectomy alone or with corticosterone replacement. The prolonged gastric ischemia‐reperfusion resulted in the gastric injury. In control animals limb remote ischemic preconditioning induced plasma corticosterone rise and attenuated the gastric injury caused by prolonged gastric ischemia‐reperfusion. In adrenalectomized rats without corticosterone replacement and in rats pretreated with metyrapone or RU38486 the gastroprotective effect of limb remote ischemic preconditioning was prevented. The results suggest that hind limb remote ischemic preconditioning attenuates gastric injury caused by severe ischemia‐reperfusion and glucocorticoids participate in the protective effect.Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from RFBR (N13‐04‐01680‐a); Programs of Presidium RAS 7P
Peptide modulators of adenylyl cyclase signaling: modulation of receptor‐mediated Gβγ signaling (843.6)
Authors: Soto Velasquez Monica , Spence John , Brust Tarsis , Perez Minervo , Parker Laurie , Watts Val 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to explore the use of lipidated peptides as peptide modulators of adenylyl cyclase signaling (PMACS). The activity of several palmitoylated PMACS on adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) signaling was explored. AC2 is closely related to AC4 and AC7 and all of these isoforms are characterized by their ability to be conditional activated by Gβγ subunits. There are several putative Gβγ binding sites that are conserved between AC2, AC4, and AC7. The domains targeted here included the N‐terminus, a recently identified Gβγ binding region in C1a, and an uncharacterized domain in C2a. Initial studies examined the effect of each peptide on Gβγ potentiation of phorbol ester‐stimulated AC2 activity in intact cells. The peptides targeting the N‐terminus and C1a domain were inactive, however, the C2a domain peptide inhibited completely Gβγ potentiation of AC2 following activation of the D2 dopamine receptor. Additional experiments demonstrated that palmitoylation was required for activity, and that eliminating C terminal amino acids of the C2a‐targeted peptide reduced its potency. The C2a peptide also blocked Gβγ potentiation of Gαs‐stimulated cAMP accumulation of AC2, and Gβγ signaling involving μ opioid receptors. Further studies revealed that the C2a peptide attenuated Gi/o‐coupled receptor‐induced heterologous sensitization of AC2 and potentiated forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK cells. These findings demonstrate that lipidated peptides can be applied to study receptor‐mediated Gβγ signaling as well as the regulatory properties of adenylyl cyclases.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH Research MH60397 and Purdue University Research Incentive Grant
Dermatological effects of weathered petroleum exposure (844.18)
Authors: Gallucci Randle , Kemp Jesse , Luckett‐Chastain Lerin , McShan William 
Published: June 2021

Nearly 5 million barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon oil well failure, making it undoubtedly the largest environmental disaster response effort in U.S. history. Spill remediation workers were continuously exposed to weathered oil and appeared to suffer a myriad of health effects, including contact dermatitis. However, the mechanism by which crude oil exposure induces skin inflammation has not been examined. To investigate this pathology, a mouse model of seven day exposure to weathered crude oil or acetone (control) was utilized, employing C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex protein analysis, and real‐time PCR were then conducted on skin samples isolated from each strain. Inflammatory cytokine expression showed that oil exposure increased IL‐6, CXCL10, and CCL2 levels, the extent of which differed based on mouse strain. Histopathology showed obvious inflammation in the oil exposed skin, primarily characterized by epidermal thickening and neutrophil infiltration, and this was most pronounced in Balb/c mice. Oil exposure increased M1 macrophage skin infiltration but not M2 as indicated by CD86 versus CD206 expression respectively. These results suggest that weathered oil is indeed a skin irritant, and genetic predisposition may influence the severity of the skin inflammation.Grant Funding Source: NIH/NIEHS R03 ES020546‐01A1
Analysis of persistent organic compounds and metals in urine samples of young adults (844.5)
Authors: Ihemadu Chioma , Naidu Naga , Thomas Renard , Yakubu Momoh 
Published: June 2021

Persistent organic compounds are known to cause chronic toxic effects in humans such as reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Epidemiological studies have reported correlation between these compounds and stress indicators and diseases. These toxicants include pesticides: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, DDT and BPA; some of which are banned in the USA and some are of major concern to public health especially to young adults. We have investigated the presence of these toxicants along with heavy metals in the urine of young adults and correlated their levels to bilirubin. The protocol for this study was approved by the TSU Committee for the use of human subjects, consent of 21 participants (18‐35 years) was obtained and urine samples collected. HPLC was used to determine the levels of the toxicants, heavy metal levels were analyzed by ICP‐MS and bilirubin was by caffeine assay. HPLC analysis for pesticide shows a range of concentration for: aldrin 0.85 to 296 ppm, endoulfan 1 0.37 to 120 ppm, endrin 0 to 67.1 ppm, dieldrin 0 to 630 ppm and DDT 0 to 4.9 ppm; whle BPA 0 to 102.4 ppb. Metal analysis shows concentration for: Cr 0 to 1.415 ug/L, Ni 257 to 422 ng/L, AS 0 to 624 ng/L, Cd 0.02 to 1.995ug/L, Al 107 to 243.5 ng/L, and Pb 257 to 384 ng/L. Bilirubin level ranged from 157 to 1,387 ng/L. Correlation analysis was done for the levels of these organic compound with the levels of bilirubin, although some of the young adults high concentrations of these persistent organic compounds, we found only positive correlation between dieldrin and bilirubin. However, these concentrations are within the acceptable limit set by CDC and EPA.Grant Funding Source: NHLBI: HL03674 and HL070669.
Thymoquinone protects against cigarette smoke extract‐induced vascular dysfunction through inhibition of the RhoA/Rho‐kinase signaling pathway (849.1)
Authors: Ismail Raed , El‐Sayed El‐Sayed , Mansour Ahmed , Hemann Craig , El‐Mahdy Mohamed , Zweier Jay 
Published: June 2021

There is an ever‐growing focus on the role of natural products in modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RhoA/Rho kinase‐mediated vascular disease. Thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of the volatile oil derived from Nigella sativa seeds, possesses promising antioxidant and vasodilating properties via its effect on multiple signaling pathways; however, the effect of TQ on the RhoA/Rho‐Kinase pathway remains to be investigated. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐exposed rat aortic rings were mounted in a wire myograph and subjected to contraction and relaxation. TQ protected against CSE‐induced impairment of acetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation, and decreased CSE‐induced ROS generation and glutathione depletion. Preincubation of aortic rings for 20 min with TQ attenuated the CSE‐enhanced phenylephrine‐induced vascular tension in endothelium‐denuded rings. TQ‐pretreated rings showed a decrease in CSE‐induced RhoA activation and phosphorylation of myosin light chain‐20, myosin phosphatase‐targeting subunit 1 and protein kinase CPI‐17. These data indicate that TQ inhibited ROS generation‐induced RhoA/Rho kinase pathway activation, protecting against CSE‐induced vascular dysfunction. This study provides mechanistic insight for understanding the molecular basis and efficacy of TQ on vascular disease management.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH #00000784 to JLZ; Egyptian government
Role of PPAR‐γ in A2AAR‐mediated vascular relaxation in high salt‐fed mice (849.4)
Authors: Pradhan Isha , Zeldin Darryl , Ledent Catherine , Falck John , Mustafa Jamal , Nayeem Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

High salt (HS)‐induced enhanced vascular response to adenosine is known to be mediated through adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) and cyp‐epoxygenase‐derived EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acid). The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism involved in A2AAR‐mediated vascular reactivity in HS‐fed mice using A2AAR‐/‐ and A2AAR+/+ mice. We hypothesized that HS‐induced enhanced A2AAR‐EETs‐mediated vascular relaxation is dependent on PPAR‐ɣ (Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma) in A2AAR+/+ mice and vascular contraction is dependent on less EETs in A2AAR‐/‐ mice. Organ bath and western blot studies were conducted with 4% (HS) and 0.18% NaCl (NS) diet fed A2AAR‐/‐ and A2AAR+/+ mice. A2AAR agonist, CGS‐21680, enhanced relaxation in HS‐A2AAR+/+ (+27.59 ± 4.7 vs. NS‐A2AAR+/+ +9.6 ± 7.6%), which was blocked by EET antagonist 14,15‐EEZE (1µM; ‐1.08 ± 2.95%) and PPAR‐ɣ antagonist T0070907 (0.1µM; 10.6 ± 1.84%, p<0.05). HS‐A2AAR+/+ had increased expression of cyp2j5 and PPAR‐ɣ compared to NS‐A2AAR+/+. Interestingly, PPAR‐ɣ was downregulated in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ compared to HS‐A2AAR+/+ mice. Adenosine analog NECA (1µM) produced relaxation (+12.09 ±4.4 %, p<0.05) in HS‐A2AAR+/+ vs. contraction in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ (‐57.29 ± 2.84%). NECA‐induced contraction in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ was not affected by T0070907, but attenuated by the inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the enzyme that metabolizes EETs (AUDA; 10 µM; NS: ‐15.23 ± 3.41 and HS: ‐6.62 ± 1.24%, p<0.05). Our data suggest that in A2AAR+/+ mice, HS enhances relaxation through A2AAR‐EETs via PPAR‐ɣ whereas, in A2AAR‐/‐ mice, HS promotes contraction through less availability of EETs and PPAR‐ɣ.Grant Funding Source: Supported by HL114559 to MAN, HL027339, HL094447 to SJM, GM31278 to JRF and z01‐ES025034 to DCZ
Reactive oxygen species and acute kidney injury after trauma in obese rats (859.2)
Authors: Mittwede Peter , Xiang Lusha , Lu Silu , Clemmer John , Hester Robert 
Published: June 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs more often in obese than in lean patients after blunt trauma, with similar results observed in obese rats. While studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of organ failure after trauma, their role in the context of obesity is not known. We hypothesized that antioxidant treatment would prevent the development of AKI in obese rats. Trauma was induced in obese (OZ) and lean (LZ) Zucker rats (12‐13 wks old) by soft tissue injury, fibula fracture, and bone component injection in both hindlimbs. In OZ and LZ without trauma, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)(1.7±0.1 vs 1.5±0.1 mL/min/g), renal plasma flow (RPF)(5.8±0.1 vs 5.5±0.2 mL/min/g), and urine albumin excretion (0.63±0.3 vs 0.27±0.1 mg/24hrs) were not different (p=ns; n=6). One day after trauma, OZ had increased urine albumin excretion as compared to LZ (6.6±1.2 vs .22±0.1 mg/24hrs; p<.05; n=6), and decreased GFR (0.9±0.1 vs 1.4±0.2 mL/min/g; p<.05; n=6) and RPF (2.5±0.2 vs 5.2±0.3 mL/min/g; p<.05; n=6). Treatment directly after trauma with a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, Apocynin (50mg/kg i.p.), led to an average GFR of 1.6±0.3 mL/min/g, RPF of 5.1±1.1 mL/min/g, and urine albumin excretion of 2.5±1.0 mg/24hrs in OZ (n=3). These data suggest that ROS may be responsible for the increased incidence of AKI after trauma in obesity, and thus may be a potential therapeutic target in this demographic.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL‐51971, HL‐89581, AHA‐12SDG12050525
Potassium exaggerates vasopressin response in Sus scrofa models of hemorrhagic shock but not endotoxic shock (859.4)
Authors: Uyehara Catherine , Rowland Michael , Sarkar Joy , Murata Lee‐Ann , Sato Aileen , Ichimura Wayne , Hernandez Claudia , Kajiura Lauren 
Published: June 2021

We recently reported a novel role of vasopressin (VP) in regulating renal potassium (K+) excretion in severe hemorrhage where hyperkalemia develops within minutes of blood loss. The VP response to hemorrhagic shock is higher than the VP response in endotoxic shock. We hypothesized that the higher VP responsiveness in hemorrhage is due to K+ stimulation of VP release. Thus, in anesthetized Yorkshire cross piglets (8.2 + 0.2 kg) we compared the VP responses to comparable hypotension induced by rapid hemorrhage (30 ml/kg over 20 minutes, n=5) or i.v. injection of E. coli endotoxin (n=5). Despite similar mean arterial pressures (45 + 5 and 47+ 4 mm Hg, respectively), plasma VP (pVP) in endotoxic shock was 148 + 23 pg/ml vs 373 + 81 pg/ml in hemorrhage. Multiple regression analysis examining the influence of hemodynamic, endocrine, and electrolyte factors on pVP showed that in endotoxic shock, pVP was mainly related to central venous pressure (r=0.92, p<0.01) whereas in hemorrhagic shock, pVP was overwhelmingly influenced by plasma K+ (r=0.97, p<0.01). Elevated plasma K+ seen during hemorrhage (7.0 + 0.8 mEq/L) was not seen with endotoxic shock. This appears to be responsible for the exaggerated VP release observed in hemorrhagic shock. Results support an important role of VP in the regulation of K+ homeostasis in severe hemorrhage.Grant Funding Source: Supported by US Army Medical Research and Material Command DMRDP D10_I_AR_J6_925
Pelagic sea snakes dehydrate at sea (860.19)
Authors: Lillywhite Harvey , Sheehy Coleman , Brischoux François , Grech Alana 
Published: June 2021

Secondarily marine vertebrates are thought to live independently of fresh water. However, some species of sea snakes require sources of fresh water even though they possess extrarenal salt glands. Here we tested the hypothesis, and demonstrate, that the only pelagic sea snake, Pelamis platurus, dehydrates at sea and spends a significant part of its life in a dehydrated state corresponding to seasonal drought. Snakes that are captured following prolonged periods without rainfall have lower body water content, lower body condition, and increased tendencies to drink fresh water than do snakes captured following seasonal periods of high rainfall. These snakes do not drink seawater. Snakes at sea presumably rehydrate by drinking from a freshwater lens that forms on the ocean surface during large rainfall events. These new data for spontaneous and voluntary drinking of fresh water, as well as the status of hydration and body condition, indicate unequivocally that this exclusively marine vertebrate dehydrates at sea and potentially remains in negative water balance for 6‐7 months at a time.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant IOS‐0926802 to HBL
Quantitation of oxidative stress and base excision repair in skeletal muscle of high‐ and low‐functioning elderly individuals (863.3)
Authors: Joseph Anna‐Maria , Tornaletti Silvia , Adhihetty Peter , Buford Thomas , Wohlgemuth Stephanie , Sandesara Bhanuprasad , Marzetti Emanuele , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan 
Published: June 2021

Skeletal muscle aging is partly attributed to the oxidation of macromolecules caused by increased reactive oxygen species. DNA base excision repair (BER) pathways offer protection against oxidative damage through the removal and repair of DNA lesions. While the activity of these BER enzymes is proposed to be reduced with aging, the molecular details remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate oxidative stress/damage, BER enzyme activities, and antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle obtained from two sedentary but functionally‐distinct groups of elderly (> 65 yr) individuals classified as high‐ and low‐functioning (HF and LF). Results showed increased oxidative damage in both HF and LF individuals compared to young, as indicated by higher levels of 3‐Nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) and 4‐Hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) (P<0.05). This increase corresponded with lower levels of 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1; P<0.05) protein, the main mitochondrial oxidative DNA repair enzyme, in elderly subjects compared to young. No changes in protein content were observed for apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APE1, corresponding to similar rates of AP sites incision when protein extracts from young and elderly individuals were utilized to measure APE1 enzymatic activity. These data suggest that BER capacity may be impaired in aging muscle leading to greater susceptibility to oxidative damage.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Claude D. Pepper OAIC
Impaired phenylephrine‐induced contraction is due to increased matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 gelatinolytic activities in aortas isolated from rats submitted to sepsis (865.15)
Authors: Pernomian Laena , Prado Alejandro , Gerlach Raquel , Bendhack Lusiane 
Published: June 2021

Sepsis leads to systemic hypotension and reduced vasoconstriction to several agonists and matrix‐metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in sepsis development. This study aimed to evaluate the contractile response induced by phenylephrine (PE) and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 gelatinolytic activities in aortas isolated from rats submitted to sepsis by ligation and puncture model (CLP). Male rats (University of São Paulo Ethics Committee #144/2011) were submitted to femoral artery catheterization 24h before the surgery to induce sepsis or sham‐surgery (CO rats). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured 4h after the surgeries. Aortic rings were isolated from CO and CLP rats for vascular reactivity and zymography. Concentration‐effect curves to PE (0.1nM‐10µM) were constructed in intact endothelium (E+) or denuded aortas (E‐). The MAP was lower in CLP than in CO rats. PE‐induced contraction was lower in CLP E+ than in CLP E‐ and CO E+ groups. Gelatinolytic activity of the MMP‐2 active form in CLP was greater than in CO aortas. Gelatinolytic activities of lipocalin‐associated‐MMP‐9 (135kDa) and neutrophil‐dimeric MMP‐9 (230kDa) were enhanced in the CLP compared to CO aortas. Our results indicate that PE‐induced vasoconstriction is decreased probably due to increased gelatinolytic activities of MMP‐2 active form MMP‐9 in aortas isolated from rats submitted to sepsis.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP and CNPq
The persistence of active smooth muscle in the female rat cervix through pregnancy (865.2)
Authors: Ferland David , Watts Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

A controversy exists as to whether functional smooth muscle exists in the cervix before and during pregnancy, potentially continuous with the uterus. We hypothesized that smooth muscle persists through pregnancy, remaining active. Uteri and cervices were taken from female virgin, 11 day‐ and 20 day (near labor)‐pregnant rats. Three different smooth muscle proteins (smooth muscle α actin, SM‐22α, and Calponin‐1) allowed immunohistochemical detection of the continuous nature of the smooth muscle from vagina, cervix and uterus. Uterus and cervix from virgin and 20‐day pregnant rats were hung in isolated tissue baths for measurement of isometric contraction. The virgin and day 20 cervices contracted 2.52g±0.27g and 3.88g±0.49g (respectively) to 100 mM KCl (general smooth muscle depolarization). Cervices also contracted to carbamylcholine in a concentration‐dependent fashion (maximum=133%±18.2% KCl contraction, n=4). Uterine and cervical homogenates were also used in Western analyses. Smooth muscle α actin was detected in virgin tissue (291.3±32.2 arbitrary densitometry units/β actin; n=5), in day 11 [416.8±19.5 (n=5)] and day 20 pregnant tissue [293.0±34.4 (n=5)]. These findings strongly support that smooth muscle is: 1) present in the cervix through pregnancy, 2) continuous with the uterus and 3) supports the overarching hypothesis that the smooth muscle of the cervix plays a role in pregnancy and labor.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a CTSI grant to Stephanie W. Watts