bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reinsurance Contract—Construction and Terms
Authors: Edelman Colin , Burns Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reinsurance contracts are commercial contracts which are subject to the same general principles of contractual construction as apply to contracts outside the reinsurance arena. When constructing a contract, the court must do so objectively having regard to the material background circumstances of which both parties can be presumed to have been aware. The factual matrix of a reinsurance contract will include any special or peculiar trade meaning arising from the underlying insurance market that would have been known to or reasonably available to the parties at the relevant time. The chapter then identifies different approaches to the construction of reinsurance contracts that may be particularly pertinent to the reinsurance practitioner. It also considers incorporation and implied terms.
Renormalization group analysis of superradiant growth of self-interacting axion cloud
Authors: Omiya Hidetoshi , Takahashi Takuya , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are strong interests in considering ultra-light scalar fields (especially axion) around a rapidly rotating black hole because of the possibility of observing gravitational waves from axion condensate (axion cloud) around black holes. Motivated by this consideration, we propose a new method to study the dynamics of an ultra-light scalar field with self-interaction around a rapidly rotating black hole, which uses the dynamical renormalization group method. We find that for relativistic clouds, saturation of the superradiant instability by the scattering of the axion due to the self-interaction does not occur in the weakly non-linear regime when we consider the adiabatic growth of the cloud from a single superradiant mode. This may suggest that for relativistic axion clouds, an explosive phenomenon called the Bosenova may inevitably happen, at least once in its evolutionary history.
No-jab, no-job clause: ethical issues and legal impediments
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Vaccination is considered to be one of the greatest public health achievements in the 20th century. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered a worldwide debate and legal exemption of vaccination and its possible consequences. Now that COVID-19 vaccination programme has started, there is immense pressure from the general public. Following the recent correspondence where the authors have rightly stated the need to take seriously the ethical issues under the COVID-19 vaccination, this paper highlights the ethical and legal impediments of ‘no-jab, no-job clause’ arising in many countries.
Clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery in the treatment of choledocholithiasis by ERCP
Authors: Zhang Yue , Gong Zuhua , Chen Sisi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of applying enhanced recovery after surgery methods (ERAS) in perioperative nursing of choledocholithiasis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for treatment of biliary calculus.
Clinical data from 161 patients who underwent ERCP surgery in Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 78 patients received perioperative nursing using the ERAS concept (experimental group) and 83 patients received conventional perioperative nursing (control group). Group differences were compared for the time to first postoperative ambulation, exhausting time, time to first defecation and eating, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication incidence (pancreatitis, cholangitis, hemorrhage), white blood cell (WBC), and serum amylase (AMS) values at 24 hours, duration of nasobiliary duct indwelling, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses.
No significant between-group differences were noted for demographic characteristics (age, sex, BMI, ASA score, and comorbidity) (P > .05). Time to first ambulation, exhausting time, time to defecation and eating, and nasobiliary drainage time were shorter in the experimental group than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant between-group difference in postoperative WBC values at 24 hours (P > .05), but the experimental group's AMS values at 24 hours postoperation were significantly lower than those of the controls (154.93 ± 190.01 vs 241.97 ± 482.64, P = .031). Postoperative complications incidence was 9.1% in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than the 20.4% in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P = .039). Compared with the control group, nasobiliary drainage time (26.53 ± 7.43 hours vs 37.56 ± 9.91 hours, P < .001), hospital stay (8.32 ± 1.55 days vs 4.56 ± 1.38 days, P < .001), and hospitalization expenses (36800 ± 11900 Yuan vs 28900 ± 6500 Yuan, P = .016) were significantly lower in the experimental group.
ERAS is a safe and effective perioperative nursing application in ERCP for treating choledocholithiasis. It can effectively accelerate patients’ recovery and reduce the incidence of complications; therefore, it is worthy of being applied and promoted in clinical nursing.
Impact of outpatient SARS-CoV-2 infections in minority children
Authors: Denny Vanessa , Shah Niva , Petro Karolina , Choksey Karishma , DeSantis Elizabeth , Hintz Molly , Rethi Shruthi , Sanchez Sarah , Sylla Bernadette , Chiu Stephanie , Gagliardo Christina , Kairam Neeraja , Nwaobasi-Iwuh Eberechi , Di Pentima M. Cecilia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data regarding COVID-19 in the adult population and hospitalized children is rapidly evolving, but little is known about children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who do not require hospitalization.
In an observational, retrospective study we analyzed risk factors, demographics and clinical course of non-hospitalized patients ≤ 21 years of age with COVID-19 infection.
Of the 1,796 patients evaluated, 170 were infected, and 40 participated in a telephone survey. Children older >10 years of age (OR: 2.19), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 3) and residing in counties with higher rates of poverty (OR: 1.5) were associated with higher risk of infection, while older girls were more likely to experience prolonged duration of symptoms (median: 32 days). Consistent with prior reports, fever and cough were present in most of our patients. Shortness of breath, diarrhea, anosmia, and ageusia were more common in our outpatient population than previously reported.
Larger studies addressing the clinical and psychosocial impact of CoVID-19 infection in children living in high-risk environments are warranted.
The effect of web-based educational intervention on psychological status and blood glucose in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes type 2 in rural China
Authors: Yuan Zhixiang , Jiao Nini , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Changjiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
No studies were located which used a web-based educational intervention to improve the knowledge about newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of web-based educational intervention on psychological outcomes and glycemic control in newly diagnosed T2DM in rural China.

Methods:
This work is a part of a comprehensive research project to assess and provide educational intervention that potentially improve psychological status and blood glucose among patients with T2DM. Eligibility criteria for the study includes newly diagnosed with T2DM, adult patients (age ≥30 years) regardless of gender; speak and understand Chinese languages; having no significant comorbidity; being not involved in any trial/study related to diabetes during last 3 months and able to attend regular visits. Eligible participants were divided into 2 groups according to completely randomized design: education group and control group. The outcomes included fasting blood glucose level, EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-rating Depression Scale.

Results:
This protocol will provide a reliable theoretical basis for the following research.

Conclusion:
The sample came from a single health centre. Therefore, the results can not be generalized for the entire population.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6511).
Social media influencers and transgressive celebrity endorsement in consumption community contexts
Authors: Cocker Hayley , Mardon Rebecca , Daunt Kate L. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to elucidate instances whereby celebrity endorsements by social media influencers (SMIs) embedded within online consumption communities are perceived as transgressive by their fellow community members. In doing so, this study provides insights into the new challenges and considerations that such community contexts present for celebrity endorsement.

Design/methodology/approach
The research team conducted a longitudinal, netnographic study of the YouTube beauty community, involving an initial phase of netnographic immersion followed by an investigative netnography that examined community members’ response to celebrity endorsements by 12 SMIs within the community.

Findings
This study identifies five recurring celebrity endorsement transgressions, each violating an established moral responsibility within the community. The paper explores how community members attribute responsibility for transgressive endorsements and identifies consequences for both the SMI and the endorsed brand.

Research limitations/implications
This study focused on a single consumption community, developing a deep understanding of the distinct moral responsibilities that shape the reception of celebrity endorsements within this context.

Practical implications
The paper presents managerial recommendations that will aid both SMIs and brands in implementing celebrity endorsements that avoid communal perceptions of transgression.

Originality/value
The analysis extends prior study on celebrity endorsement by SMIs by explaining when and why SMI endorsements are likely to be perceived as transgressive by the community and providing new insights into community member responses to transgressive SMI endorsements. It also extends wider theories of celebrity endorsement by highlighting the influence of consumption community contexts upon endorsement reception and examining consumer responses to celebrity endorsements perceived as transgressive in and of themselves.
Antimicrobial resistance challenging professional learning in three LMICs
Authors: Kaatrakoski Heli , Littlejohn Allison , Charitonos Koula 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a huge global challenge calling for changes in learning and working in health-care settings. The purpose of this study is to examine tensions expressed by professionals involved in AMR in three low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in Asia and Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative study was based on 60 face-to-face or online interviews in three LMICs. The interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis and analysis of elements of an activity system.

Findings
A number of tensions within activity systems were analyzed revealing key issues inhibiting reconceptualization of object of work and moving toward new activity. The study suggests four opposing forces: (1) cost efficiency and good public health objectives; (2) historically and culturally developed hierarchies and good public health objectives; (3) individual responsibility and institutional responsibility; and (4) fragmented set ups and holistic view of activity as critical when developing learning and work activities in analyzed settings.

Originality/value
This study expands the analysis of learning needs beyond individual skills and knowledge by taking a systemic approach using the cultural-historical activity theory framework. It shows that learning around AMR is needed at individual, organizational and national level.
Antimicrobial nanoparticles and biodegradable polymer composites for active food packaging applications
Authors: Omerović Nejra , Djisalov Mila , Živojević Kristina , Mladenović Minja , Vunduk Jovana , Milenković Ivanka , Knežević Nikola Ž. , Gadjanski Ivana , Vidić Jasmina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe food industry faces numerous challenges to assure provision of tasty and convenient food that possesses extended shelf life and shows long‐term high‐quality preservation. Research and development of antimicrobial materials for food applications have provided active antibacterial packaging technologies that are able to meet these challenges. Furthermore, consumers expect and demand sustainable packaging materials that would reduce environmental problems associated with plastic waste. In this review, we discuss antimicrobial composite materials for active food packaging applications that combine highly efficient antibacterial nanoparticles (i.e., metal, metal oxide, mesoporous silica and graphene‐based nanomaterials) with biodegradable and environmentally friendly green polymers (i.e., gelatin, alginate, cellulose, and chitosan) obtained from plants, bacteria, and animals. In addition, innovative syntheses and processing techniques used to obtain active and safe packaging are showcased. Implementation of such green active packaging can significantly reduce the risk of foodborne pathogen outbreaks, improve food safety and quality, and minimize product losses, while reducing waste and maintaining sustainability.
Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections
Authors: Ngolong Ngea Guillaume Legrand , Qian Xin , Yang Qiya , Dhanasekaran Solairaj , Ianiri Giuseppe , Ballester Ana‐Rosa , Zhang Xiaoyun , Castoria Raffaello , Zhang Hongyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFruit‐based diets have been adopted by the public worldwide because of their nutritional value. Many advances have also been made in the elucidation of host–pathogen interaction in the postharvest phase of fruits, in the hope of improving the management of diseases caused by pathogenic molds. In this study, we presented the molecular mechanisms by which pathogenic mold infects fruit in the postharvest phase, and focused on the knowledge gained from recent molecular techniques such as differential analysis of gene expression, targeted insertion, and mutagenesis. Current postharvest pathogenic fungal control strategies were then examined on the basis of their mechanisms for altering the infection process in order to explore new perspectives for securing fruit production. We found that biotechnological advances have led to an understanding of the new basic molecular processes involved in fruit fungal infection and to the identification of new genes, proteins and key factors that could serve as ideal targets for innovative antifungal strategies. In addition, the most commonly used steps to evaluate an approach to disrupt the fruit fungal infection process are mainly based on the inhibition of mycelial growth, spore germination, disruption of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, induction of oxidative stress, cell wall membrane damage, and inhibition of key enzymes. Finally, the alteration of the molecular mechanisms of signaling and response pathways to infection stimulation should also guide the development of effective control strategies to ensure fruit production.
The global epidemic of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis illustrated using 18 months of consecutive nodule biopsy correlating clinical priority, ACR‐TIRADS and Bethesda scoring
Authors: Hawkins Stewart P , Jamieson Sophy G , Coomarasamy Christin N , Low Irene C 
Published: March 2021

SummaryLow thyroid cancer mortality worldwide has not been altered by decades of increasing radiological, pathological and surgical intervention for thyroid nodules. Ultrasound‐based risk stratification of thyroid nodules, such as TIRADS, has been introduced to reduce intervention for the ‘global epidemic’ of thyroid cancer ‘overdiagnosis’. This article illustrates the use of TIRADS at a New Zealand tertiary centre, during its introduction, with all nodules undergoing fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) correlated with clinical referral priority and cytological Bethesda score. The correlation between TIRADS and Bethesda score was not significant but cytology had a strong association with clinical priority. Accuracy of TIRADS was poor though the risk of malignancy for TIRADS 5 nodules was 5.1 times those rated as TIRADS 3. After TIRADS was introduced, there was no significant trend in the proportion of malignant nodules diagnosed by FNAB. Despite an incomplete TIRADS programme, the ACR targets of malignancy rates were achieved. The number of patients, as well as the number of nodules per patient, referred for FNAB continues to rise. Changing papillary thyroid cancer nomenclature and other control measures by health policymakers, such as adjustments to payment systems, may be justified. Radiologists are wasting precious health resources that can be better deployed. The use of TIRADS is expensive and a symptom of health policy failure. Clear recommendations from professional societies to not report incidental small thyroid nodules may be a useful start. Whether TIRADS merits continuing use and promotion should be further investigated.
Philosophical Groundings for a Theory of Transformative Experience
Authors: Pugh Kevin , Kriescher Dylan , Cropp Simon , Younis Maaly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this essay, Kevin Pugh, Dylan Kriescher, Simon Cropp, and Maaly Younis revisit the philosophical roots of transformative experience (TE) theory by explaining how the theory emerged from John Dewey's philosophies of aesthetic experience, intellectual experience, and educative experience. In doing so, the authors clarify the linkage between defining qualities of transformative experience and core Deweyan constructs such as an experience, ideas, and educative experience. They then share some of the empirical findings from research conducted using a TE theory framework, with an emphasis on research dedicated to developing a pedagogy of teaching for transformative experiences. Finally, the authors address the limitations of TE theory as a representation of Dewey's philosophy of aesthetic and educative experience, and they consider how contributions of other theoretical perspectives including the scientific sublime, Romantic science, and critical theory might help to address those shortcomings.
Multiple meanings of resilience: Health professionals' experiences of a dual element training intervention designed to help them prepare for coping with error
Authors: Janes Gillian , Harrison Reema , Johnson Judith , Simms‐Ellis Ruth , Mills Thomas , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesConsistent data demonstrates negative psychological effects of caregiving on front‐line health professionals. Evidence that psychological resilience factors can help minimize distress and the potential for low‐cost interventions have created interest in resilience‐based development programmes; yet evidence of perceived value amongst health professionals is lacking. This study explored health professionals' experiences and perceptions of a novel, resilience‐based intervention designed to pro‐actively prepare staff for coping with error; to investigate their perceptions of what resilience meant to them, the relevance of the intervention, and impact of participation on ability to cope with error.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews 4‐6 weeks post intervention with 23 randomly selected participants from seven cohorts (midwives, paediatricians, obstetricians/gynaecologists, paramedics) and trainees (physician associates, mammographers, sonographers). Thematic analysis of interview data.FindingsParticipants reported various interpretations of, and a shift in perception regarding what the concept of psychological resilience meant to them and their practice. These included for example, resilience as a positive or negative concept and their awareness and response to a range of personal, organizational and system factors influencing personal resilience. They valued the prophylactic, clinically relevant, interactive and applied nature of the intervention; having developed and applied valuable skills beyond the context of involvement in error, noting that individuals needed to be willing to explore their own coping mechanisms and human fallibility to gain maximum benefit. There was also consensus that whilst proactively developing individual level psychological resilience is important, so too is addressing the organizational and system factors that affect staff resilience which are outside individual staff control.ConclusionEnhancing resilience appears to be considered useful in supporting staff to prepare for coping with error and the wider emotional burden of clinical work, but such interventions require integration into wider system approaches to reduce the burden of clinical work for health professionals.
A combination of genome‐wide and transcriptome‐wide association studies reveals genetic elements leading to male sterility during high temperature stress in cotton
Authors: Ma Yizan , Min Ling , Wang Junduo , Li Yaoyao , Wu Yuanlong , Hu Qin , Ding Yuanhao , Wang Maojun , Liang Yajun , Gong Zhaolong , Xie Sai , Su Xiaojun , Wang Chaozhi , Zhao Yunlong , Fang Qidi , Li Yanlong , Chi Huabin , Chen Miao , Khan Aamir Hamid , Lindsey Keith , Zhu Longfu , Li Xueyuan , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Global warming has reduced the productivity of many field‐grown crops, as the effects of high temperatures can lead to male sterility in such plants. Genetic regulation of the high temperature (HT) response in the major crop cotton is poorly understood.

We determined the functionality and transcriptomes of the anthers of 218 cotton accessions grown under HT stress. By analyzing transcriptome divergence and implementing a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), we identified three thermal tolerance associated loci which contained 75 protein coding genes and 27 long noncoding RNAs, and provided expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for 13 132 transcripts.

A transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) confirmed six causal elements for the HT response (three genes overlapped with the GWAS results) which are involved in protein kinase activity. The most susceptible gene, GhHRK1, was confirmed to be a previously uncharacterized negative regulator of the HT response in both cotton and Arabidopsis.

These functional variants provide a new understanding of the genetic basis for HT tolerance in male reproductive organs.