bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of depredation in the Hawai‘i deep‐set longline fishery informed by fishery and false killer whale behavior
Authors: Fader Joseph E. , Baird Robin W. , Bradford Amanda L. , Dunn Daniel C. , Forney Karin A. , Read Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFalse killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) depredate bait and catch in the Hawai‘i‐based deep‐set longline fishery, and as a result, this species is hooked or entangled more than any other cetacean in this fishery. We analyzed data collected by fisheries observers and from satellite‐linked transmitters deployed on false killer whales to identify patterns of odontocete depredation that could help fishermen avoid overlap with whales. Odontocete depredation was observed on ˜6% of deep‐set hauls across the fleet from 2004 to 2018. Model outcomes from binomial GAMMs suggested coarse patterns, for example, higher rates of depredation in winter, at lower latitudes, and with higher fishing effort. However, explanatory power was low, and no covariates were identified that could be used in a predictive context. The best indicator of depredation was the occurrence of depredation on a previous set of the same vessel. We identified spatiotemporal scales of this repeat depredation to provide guidance to fishermen on how far to move or how long to wait to reduce the probability of repeated interactions. The risk of depredation decreased with both space and time from a previous occurrence, with the greatest benefits achieved by moving ˜400 km or waiting ˜9 d, which reduced the occurrence of depredation from 18% to 9% (a 50% reduction). Fishermen moved a median 46 km and waited 4.7 h following an observed depredation interaction, which our analysis suggests is unlikely to lead to large reductions in risk. Satellite‐tagged pelagic false killer whales moved up to 75 km in 4 h and 335 km in 24 h, suggesting that they can likely keep pace with longline vessels for at least four hours and likely longer. We recommend fishermen avoid areas of known depredation or bycatch by moving as far and as quickly as practical, especially within a day or two of the depredation or bycatch event. We also encourage captains to communicate depredation and bycatch occurrence to enable other vessels to similarly avoid high‐risk areas.
Growth and flowering responses of eelgrass to simulated grazing and fecal addition by Brant Geese
Authors: Shaughnessy Frank J. , Ferson Susannah L. , Frimodig Adam J. , Barton Daniel C. , Hurst Mathew , Black Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeagrasses provide a wide range of ecosystem services and are prioritized in conservation planning. Management of this dynamic community requires describing seagrass responses to repeated grazing by dependent herbivores. Using two experimental randomized block designs in Humboldt Bay, California, we tested responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina) to separate and combined effects of simulated Brant Goose (Branta bernicla) grazing (clipping to a uniform height) and fecal pellet addition, and then to medium (MED) and severe (SEV) intensities of simulated Brant flock visitation. In Experiment 1, clipping with fecal addition (FC) stimulated more clonal addition of shoots than controls or clipping and fecal addition alone (standardized β = 0.26 relative to control). The FC treatment also had the largest positive, delayed effect (β = 0.135) on density of flowering shoots. In Experiment 2, the MED intensity treatment had positive effects on shoot density (β = 0.149), rates of leaf extension (β = 0.16), and leaf productivity (β = 0.20). These MED treatment responses resulted in the highest measures of above‐ground (β = 0.099) and below‐ground (β = 0.32) biomass. Whole shoot (βMED = 0.33, βSEV = −0.36) and landscape (βMED = 0.34, βSEV = −0.23) levels of productivity for the MED treatment reflected the parabolic shape predicted by the compensatory regrowth hypothesis, likely because light and nutrient resources were available to the eelgrass and meristems that were not damaged. Meristem injury in the SEV treatment likely explained why productivity was low, but the high SEV resource levels allowed these plants to recover to control levels in approximately eight to 10 weeks after the last treatment applications. The MED level of shoot and landscape productivity would optimize low intertidal accessibility for Brant to the most nutritiously valuable leaves. Brant grazing and detrital pathways of carbon flow are likely linked with Brant‐induced productivity contributing to the detrital pathway when Brant are present and after the birds leave the estuary. The effect of Brant grazing on eelgrass sexual reproduction may increase long‐term resilience of estuarine ecosystems.
Maturation signatures of conventional dendritic cell subtypes in COVID‐19 suggest direct viral sensing
Authors: Marongiu Laura , Protti Giulia , Facchini Fabio A. , Valache Mihai , Mingozzi Francesca , Ranzani Valeria , Putignano Anna Rita , Salviati Lorenzo , Bevilacqua Valeria , Curti Serena , Crosti Mariacristina , Sarnicola Maria Lucia , D'Angiò Mariella , Bettini Laura Rachele , Biondi Andrea , Nespoli Luca , Tamini Nicolò , Clementi Nicola , Mancini Nicasio , Abrignani Sergio , Spreafico Roberto , Granucci Francesca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) undergo aberrant maturation in COVID‐19, which negatively affects T‐cell activation. The presence of effector T cells in patients with mild disease and dysfunctional T cells in severely ill patients suggests that adequate T‐cell responses limit disease severity. Understanding how cDCs cope with SARS‐CoV‐2 can help elucidate how protective immune responses are generated. Here, we report that cDC2 subtypes exhibit similar infection‐induced gene signatures, with the upregulation of IFN‐stimulated genes and IL‐6 signaling pathways. Furthermore, comparison of cDCs between patients with severe and mild disease showed severely ill patients to exhibit profound downregulation of genes encoding molecules involved in antigen presentation, such as MHCII, TAP, and costimulatory proteins, whereas we observed the opposite for proinflammatory molecules, such as complement and coagulation factors. Thus, as disease severity increases, cDC2s exhibit enhanced inflammatory properties and lose antigen presentation capacity. Moreover, DC3s showed upregulation of anti‐apoptotic genes and accumulated during infection. Direct exposure of cDC2s to the virus in vitro recapitulated the activation profile observed in vivo. Our findings suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts directly with cDC2s and implements an efficient immune escape mechanism that correlates with disease severity by downregulating crucial molecules required for T‐cell activation.
Determinants of knowledge about aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in sorghum and postharvest practices among caregivers of children aged 6–59 months in Kerio Valley, Kenya
Authors: Lesuuda Lmeriai , Obonyo Meshack Amos , Cheserek Maureen Jepkorir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStunting among children under five years old is still a problem in many developing countries including Kenya. However, there is little information linking stunting with mycotoxin contamination of complementary foods. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in sorghum alongside postharvest handling and storage practices among caregivers of children under five years old in Kerio Valley, Kenya. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to obtain data from 353 randomly selected caregivers of children aged 6–59 months. Qualitative data were obtained through Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Overall, majority of the caregivers of young children had poor knowledge (61.8%) about mycotoxin contamination of food, and poor postharvest handling and storage practices (74.5%). The caregiver's knowledge about mycotoxins was significantly associated with age [(AOR=4.629, (95% Cl: 2.530–8.472), p < .001], education level [(AOR=0.275, (95% Cl: 0.088–0.434), p = .001], marital status [(AOR=15.187, (95% Cl: 1.830–126.007), p = .012], and household monthly income [(AOR=2.623, (95% Cl: 1.550–4.439), p < 0,001]. Furthermore, the caregiver's age [(AOR=3.845, (95% Cl: 1.558–9.490), p = .003], education level [(AOR=0.196, (95% Cl: 0.088–0.434), p < .001], monthly income [(AOR=3.291, (95% Cl: 1.550–6.986), p = .002], and knowledge on mycotoxin contamination of sorghum [AOR, 5.428 (95% Cl: 2.855–10.319), p < .001] were significantly associated with postharvest handling and storage practices except for marital status [AOR, 3.579 (95% Cl: 0.403–31.775), p = .252]. In conclusion, caregivers of young children had poor knowledge about mycotoxin contamination of complementary foods and suboptimal postharvest handling and storage practices of sorghum. This increases the risk of mycotoxin exposure to young children and necessitates mitigation measures including sensitization campaigns and social behavior change communication.
Intermittent fasting suppressed splenic CD205+ G‐MDSC accumulation in a murine breast cancer model by attenuating cell trafficking and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Fu Chenghao , Lu Yao , Zhang Yiwei , Yu Mingxi , Ma Shiliang , Lyu Shuxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmune‐based interventions are the most promising approach for new cancer treatments to achieve long‐term cancer‐free survival. However, the expansion of myeloid‐derived suppression cells (MDSCs) attenuates the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy. We recently showed that CD205+ granulocytic MDSCs (G‐MDSCs), but not T cells, are sensitive to glucose deficiency. Intermittent fasting (IF) may inhibit the growth of malignant cells by reducing serum glucose levels, but little is known regarding the influence of IF on MDSC expansion. Herein, we observed that IF selectively inhibited splenic accumulation of CD205+ G‐MDSCs in a 4T1 and 4T07 transplant murine breast cancer model. The efficiency of IF in suppressing tumor growth was comparable to that of docetaxel. Further examination revealed that CXCR4 expression was concentrated in CD205+ subsets of tumor‐induced G‐MDSCs. Downregulation of CXCR4 correlated with a reduction in CD205+ G‐MDSC trafficking from bone marrow to the spleen under IF treatment. In addition, ex vivo culture assays showed that glucose deficiency and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) treatment selectively induced massive death of splenic CD205+ G‐MDSCs. Interestingly, 2DG emulated the phenomena of IF selectively suppressing the accumulation of CD205+ G‐MDSCs in the spleen, upregulating cleaved caspase 3 in the tumor, downregulating Ki67 in the lung, and retarding the growth of transplanted 4T1 and 4T07 murine breast tumors. These findings suggest that IF inhibited cell trafficking through the downregulation of CXCR4 and induced apoptosis by altering glucose metabolism; this, suppressed the accumulation of tumor‐induced splenic CD205+ G‐MDSCs and in turn enhanced antitumor immunity.
Different effect of chemical refining process on Baneh (Pistacia atlantica var mutica) kernel oil: Regeneration of tocopherols
Authors: Zarei Jelyani Aniseh , Tavakoli Javad , Lashkari Hannan , Aminlari Mahmoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the impact of refining process on the chemical properties (fatty acid composition and tocopherols, sterols, and polyphenolic contents), qualitative parameters (peroxide value, acid value, and p‐anisidine value), and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay and FRAP test) of Baneh (Pistacia atlantica var mutica) kernel oil. The results revealed that the refining process had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition. A major finding of this research was the increase in the tocopherol and sterol content up to the bleaching stage followed by their decrease in the deodorizing phase. Some tocopherol and sterol compounds in crude oil were dimerized or attached to other compounds by ester bonding, which are released during some stages of the refining process and this factor is responsible for their increase. In fact, during this process, these compounds are regenerated. The occurrence of this phenomenon in the refining process improved the DPPH radical scavenging power of Baneh kernel oil up to the bleaching stage. Moreover, the content of phenolic compounds decreased after refining of Baneh kernel oil, and only in the deodorizing stage, an increase of these compounds was observed. In general, the results of this study showed that the refining process had a completely different effect on the antioxidant compounds (especially tocopherols) compared to other oils.
A climate database with varying drought‐heat signatures for climate impact modelling
Authors: Tschumi Elisabeth , Lienert Sebastian , van der Wiel Karin , Joos Fortunat , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtreme climate events, such as droughts and heatwaves, can have large impacts on the environment. Disentangling their individual and combined effects is a difficult task, due to the challenges associated with generating controlled environments to study differences in their impacts. One approach to this problem is creating artificial climate forcing with varying magnitude of univariate and compound extremes, which can be applied to process‐based impact models. Here, we propose and describe a set of six 100‐year long climate scenarios with varying drought‐heat signatures that are derived from climate model simulations whose mean climate is comparable to present‐day climate conditions. The changes in extremes are most notable in the 3 months in which vegetation activity is highest and where arguably hot and dry extremes may have the largest impacts. Besides a control scenario representing natural variability (Control), one scenario has neither heat nor drought extremes (Noextremes), one has univariate extremes but no compound extremes (Nocompound), one has only heat extremes but few droughts (Hot), one has only droughts but few heatwaves (Dry), and one has many compound heat and drought extremes (Hotdry). These scenarios differ only moderately in their global mean climate (about 0.3°C in temperature and 6% in precipitation) and do not contain any long‐term trends. The data are provided on a daily timescale over land (except Antarctica and parts of Greenland) on a regular 1° × 1° grid. These scenarios were constructed primarily to investigate the impact of varying drought‐heat signatures on vegetation and the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, we believe that they may also prove useful to study the differential impacts of droughts and heatwaves in other areas, such as the occurrence of wildfires or crop failure. The data described here can be found on zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4385445, Tschumi et al., 2020).
A low‐cost field ventilator: An urgent global need
Authors: Nachiappan Nitish , Koo Jung Moses , Chockalingam Nachiappan , Scott Timothy E 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModern ventilators are increasingly compact and able to deliver a wide range of ventilator modes and sophisticated monitoring capabilities. However, the global availability of ventilators is woefully short of demand. Data on intensive care units (ICUs), a proxy measure for hospital ventilator capacity in low and middle‐income countries (LMIC's), suggest that capacity is extremely limited where it exists at all. In LMIC's, the four most common indications for mechanical ventilation (MV) in ICUs are post‐surgical care, sepsis, trauma, and maternal peripartum or neonatal complications. A significant majority of these cases can be managed with intervention involving a short course of MV. Widespread and timely access to MV can thus effectively be used to help patients in these settings and improve outcomes. This paper implores this need and highlights the requirements for a low‐cost ventilator or a respiratory support device.
Mandatory disclosure in corporate debt restructuring via schemes of arrangement: A comparative approach
Authors: Wan Wai Yee , Watters Casey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCreditors often face significant information asymmetry when debtor companies seek to restructure their debts. In the United Kingdom, it is mandatory for debtor companies, seeking to invoke the courts' jurisdiction to restructure their debts via schemes of arrangement (schemes), to disclose material information in the explanatory statement to enable the creditors to make an informed decision as to how to exercise their votes in creditors' meetings. The English schemes have been transplanted into common law jurisdictions in Asia, including Hong Kong and Singapore. However, due to the differences in the shareholding structures and the kinds of debts that are sought to be restructured in the UK and Hong Kong/Singapore, this transplantation gives rise to the question as to whether information asymmetry is in fact adequately addressed in the scheme process. Drawing from the experiences of Hong Kong and Singapore, we argue that there are three principal concerns in the current disclosure regimes: how debtors disclose the analysis as to the returns pursuant to the best available alternative option if the schemes do not proceed; how debtors disclose advisors' fees; and the equality of provision of information in the scheme process.
On bisections of graphs without complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Hou Jianfeng , Wu Shufei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA bisection of a graph is a bipartition of its vertex set in which the two classes differ in size by at most one. For a random bisection of a graph with edges, one expects edges spans in one vertex class. Bollobás and Scott asked for conditions that guarantee a bisection in which both classes span at most edges simultaneously. Let be integers with , and let be a graph with minimum degree and edges. In this article, we prove that if contains neither triangle nor as a subgraph, then admits a bisection in which both classes span at most edges. We also consider Max‐Bisections of graphs without and improve a recent result of Hou and Yan.
Limiting RyR2 open time prevents Alzheimer's disease‐related deficits in the 3xTG‐AD mouse model
Authors: Liu Yajing , Yao Jinjing , Song Zhenpeng , Guo Wenting , Sun Bo , Wei Jinhong , Estillore John Paul , Back Thomas G. , Chen S. R. Wayne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is driven by a vicious cycle of soluble β‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, breaking this vicious cycle by suppressing neuronal hyperactivity may represent a logical approach to stopping AD progression. In support of this, we have recently shown that genetically and pharmacologically limiting ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) open time prevented neuronal hyperactivity, memory impairment, dendritic spine loss, and neuronal cell death in a rapid, early onset AD mouse model (5xFAD). Here, we assessed the impact of limiting RyR2 open time on AD‐related deficits in a relatively late occurring, slow developing AD mouse model (3xTG‐AD) that bears more resemblance (compared to 5xFAD) to that of human AD. Using behavioral tests, long‐term potentiation recordings, and Golgi and Nissl staining, we found that the RyR2‐E4872Q mutation, which markedly shortens the open duration of the RyR2 channel, prevented learning and memory impairment, defective long‐term potentiation, dendritic spine loss, and neuronal cell death in the 3xTG‐AD mice. Furthermore, pharmacologically shortening the RyR2 open time with R‐carvedilol rescued these AD‐related deficits in 3xTG mice. Therefore, limiting RyR2 open time may offer a promising, neuronal hyperactivity‐targeted anti‐AD strategy.
An 8P Theoretical Framework for Understanding Creativity and Theories of Creativity
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. , Karami Sareh 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article presents an 8P theoretical framework for understanding creativity and theories of creativity. The 8Ps are purpose, press, person, problem, process, product, propulsion, and public. The article opens by distinguishing between a theory and a model, on the one hand, and a theoretical framework, on the other. It then considers briefly some of the theoretical frameworks for creativity that have been proposed in the past. Next, it describes the 8P theoretical framework and how it applies to understanding creativity and theories of creativity. The 8P framework suggests that most theories of creativity have been rather incomplete, dealing only with limited aspects of the phenomenon.
CLEAR IDEAS: Can Idea Implementation Training Enhance the Development of New Ideas Beyond Idea Generation Training?
Authors: Jones‐Chick Rachael , Kelloway E. Kevin , Birdi Kamal 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWe evaluated an individually focused version of the CLEAR IDEAS framework for innovation training. One hundred fifty online participants were randomly assigned to either an idea generation training (IDEAS), idea generation plus idea implementation training (CLEAR IDEAS), or a control group. Post‐test ratings of the quality of ideas produced and pre‐ and post‐test measures of creative self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, and motivation to innovate were gathered. Evaluation of the generated solutions by judges blind to the condition showed that the idea generation plus implementation training group and the idea generation‐only group produced ideas that were more novel, practical, and easier to implement, and had higher potential effectiveness than the control group. Ideas produced by the idea generation plus implementation group also had higher potential effectiveness than the idea generation‐only group.
A nonsmooth generalized‐alpha method for mechanical systems with frictional contact
Authors: Capobianco Giuseppe , Harsch Jonas , Eugster Simon R. , Leine Remco I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, the existing nonsmooth generalized‐ method for the simulation of mechanical systems with frictionless contacts, modeled as unilateral constraints, is extended to systems with frictional contacts. On that account, we complement the unilateral constraints with set‐valued Coulomb‐type friction laws. Moreover, we devise a set of benchmark systems, which can be used to validate numerical schemes for mechanical systems with frictional contacts. Finally, this set of benchmarks is used to numerically assert the properties striven for during the derivation of the presented scheme. Specifically, we show that the presented scheme can reproduce the dynamics of the frictional contact adequately and no numerical penetration of the contacting bodies arises—a big issue for most popular time‐stepping schemes such as the one of Moreau. Moreover, we demonstrate that the presented scheme performs well for multibody systems containing flexible parts and that it allows general parametrizations such as the use of unit quaternions for the rotation of rigid bodies.