bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nasal Bone Fracture Caused by a Dog Bite in an Adult
Authors: Hwang Kun , Ma Sung Hwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors report a case of nasal bone fracture caused by a dog bite in a 25-year-old woman.
A 25-year-old woman presented with lacerations of the face caused by a dog bite. When visiting her friend's house, a malamute attacked her. The dog's maxillary teeth bit her right canthal area and right infraorbital area, and the mandibular teeth traversed her left cheek through the buccal mucosa. She had full-thickness lacerations on the left cheek from the skin to the buccal mucosa, and deep lacerations in the right infraorbital area and the right medial canthal area. She had tenderness on the dorsum and right side of her nose. Computed tomography revealed a depressed nasal bone fracture on the right side. The wound was irrigated using betadine solution, and antibiotics were injected. On the seventh post-trauma day, closed reduction and delayed primary repair were performed.
The biting force of German shepherds, huskies, and malamutes is approximately 320 pounds per square inch. The nasal bones are the most fragile facial bones, and their tolerance levels for minimal fractures are in the 25 to 75 lbs range. The maxilla has low tolerance level (140–445 lbs). The zygomatic arch is relatively fragile (tolerance level, 208–475 Ibs), while the zygomatic body has higher tolerance level (200–450 lbs). Thereafter, the biting strength of these dogs suffices to fracture the nasal bone, maxilla, or even zygoma.
When a dog bite injury occurs near the orbit, nose, and cheek, facial fracture should be suspected in both children and adults.
Surgical Management of Odontogenic Infection in Sturge–Weber Syndrome: Report of a Case
Authors: Gonçalves Kalyne Kelly Negromonte , Martins-de-Barros Allan Vinícius , Silva Joana de Ângelis Alves , Lessa Thayane Celina Silva , Diniz Demóstenes Alves , do Lago Carlos Augusto Pereira , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surgical management of odontogenic infections in Sturge–Weber Syndrome is challenging, due to the risk of massive bleeding and difficulty to achieve hemostasis. The authors describe the use of preoperative vascular embolization for oral surgery in a 29-year-old patient. The authors highlight the importance of hemostatic agents and primary wound closure and the role of vascular embolization as a potential tool for preventing hemorrhage in these cases.
Arabidopsis AtPME2 has a pH-dependent processivity and control cell wall mechanical properties
Authors: Hocq Ludivine , Habrylo Olivier , Voxeur Aline , Pau-Roblot Corinne , Safran Josip , Sénéchal Fabien , Fournet Françoise , Bassard Solène , Battu Virginie , Demailly Hervé , Tovar José C. , Pilard Serge , Marcelo Paulo , Savary Brett J. , Mercadante Davide , Njo Maria Fransiska , Beeckman Tom , Boudaoud Arezki , Pelloux Jérôme , Lefebvre Valérie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPectin methylesterases (PMEs) modify homogalacturonan’s (HG) chemistry and play a key role in regulating primary cell wall mechanical properties. How PME activity can fine-tune pectin structure in the growing plant has remained elusive. Here we report on the Arabidopsis AtPME2, which we found to be highly expressed during lateral root emergence and dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. We produced the mature active enzyme using heterologous expression inPichia pastorisand characterized it through the use of a generic plant PME antiserum suitable for detecting recombinant and native enzyme independent of species source. At neutral pH AtPME2 is preferentially active on pectins with a degree of 55-70% methylesterification and can be inhibited by PME inhibitor protein (PMEI). We show that the mode of action for AtPME2 can switch from full processivity (at pH 8), creating large blocks of unmethylated galacturonic acid, to low processivity (at pH 5) and relate these observations to the differences in electrostatic potential of the protein at acidic and alkaline pH. To assess the role of AtPME2 in development, we characterized two knock-out lines. We show that in the context of acidified apoplast, low-processive demethylesterification by AtPME2 can loosen the cell wall, with consequent increase in cell elongation and etiolated hypocotyl length. Our study brings insights into how the pH-dependent regulation by PME activity could affect pectin structure and associated cell wall mechanical properties in expansion.One sentence summaryThe processivity of AtPME2, a pectin methylesterase that fine-tunes cell wall pectins is modulated by pHin vitroand impacts the mechanical properties of the wall, affecting developmentin planta.
Electrophysiological correlates of mood and reward dynamics in human adolescents
Authors: Liuzzi Lucrezia , Chang Katharine K. , Keren Hanna , Zheng Charles , Saha Dipta , Nielson Dylan M. , Stringaris Argyris 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite its omnipresence in everyday interactions and its importance for mental health, mood and its neuronal underpinnings are poorly understood. Computational models can help identify parameters affecting self-reported mood during mood induction tasks. Here we test if computationally modelled dynamics of self-reported mood during monetary gambling can be used to identify trial-by-trial variations in neuronal activity. To this end, we shifted mood in healthy (N=24) and depressed (N=30) adolescents by delivering individually tailored reward prediction errors whilst recording magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Following a pre-registered analysis, we hypothesize that expectation (defined by previous reward outcomes) would be predictive of beta-gamma oscillatory power (25-40Hz), a frequency shown to modulate to reward feedback. We also hypothesize that trial variations in the evoked response to the presentation of gambling options and in source localized responses to reward feedback. Through our multilevel statistical analysis, we found confirmatory evidence that beta-gamma power is positively related to reward expectation during mood shifts, with possible localized sources in the posterior cingulate cortex. We also confirmed reward prediction error to be predictive of trial-level variations in the response of the paracentral lobule and expectation to have an effect on the cerebellum after presentation of gambling options. To our knowledge, this is the first study to relate fluctuations in mood on a minute timescale to variations in neural oscillations with noninvasive electrophysiology.Significance StatementBrain mechanisms underlying mood and its relationship with changes in reward contingencies in the environment are still elusive but could have a strong impact on our understanding and treatment of debilitating mood disorders. Building on a previously proposed computational mood model we use multilevel statistical models to find relationship between trial-by-trial variations in model components of mood and neural responses to rewards measured with non-invasive electrophysiology (MEG). Through confirmatory analysis we show that it is possible to observe relationships between trial variations in neural responses and computational parameters describing mood dynamics. Identifying the dynamics of mood and the neural processes it affects could pave the way for more effective neuromodulation treatments.
Honeybees exposure to veterinary drugs: how the gut microbiota is affected
Authors: Baffoni L. , Alberoni D. , Gaggìa F. , Braglia C. , Stanton C. , Ross P.R. , Di Gioia D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have outlined that a balanced gut microbiota offers metabolic and protective functions supporting honeybee health and performances. The present work contributes to increasing knowledge on the impact on the honeybee gut microbiota of the administration of three different veterinary drugs (oxytetracicline, sulphonamides and tylosin). The trial was designed with a semi-field approach in micro-hives containing about 500 bees, i.e. in experimental conditions as close as possible to real hives considering the restrictions on the use of antibiotics; 6 replicates were considered for each treatment plus the control. The absolute abundance of the major gut microbial taxa in newly eclosed individuals was studied with qPCR and next generation sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance genes for the target antibiotics were also monitored using a qPCR approach. The results showed that none of the veterinary drugs altered the total amount of gut bacteria, but qualitative variations were observed. Tylosin treatment determined a significant decrease of α- and β-diversity indexes and a strong the depletion of the rectum population (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) while favoring the hindgut population (Gilliamella,SnodgrassellaandFrischellaspp.). Major changes were also observed in honeybees treated with sulphonamides, with a decrease inBartonellaandFrischellacore taxa an increase ofBombilactobacillusspp. andSnodgrassellaspp. Conversely, minor effects were observed in oxytetracycline treated honeybees. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes confirmed that honeybees represent a great reservoir of tetracycline resistance genes. Tetracycline and sulphonamides resistant genes tended to increase in the gut microbiota population upon antibiotic administration.ImportanceThis study investigates the impact of the three most widely used antibiotics in the beekeeping sector (oxytetracycline, tylosin and sulphonamides) on the honeybee gut microbiota and on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The research represents an advancement to the present literature considering that tylosin and sulphonamides effect on the gut microbiota has never been studied. Another original aspect lies in the experimental approach used, as the study looks at the impact of veterinary drugs and feed supplements 24 days after the beginning of the administration, thus exploring perturbations in newly eclosed honeybees, instead of the same treated honeybee generation. Moreover, the study is not performed with cage tests but in micro-hives thus reaching conditions closer to real hives. The study reaches the conclusion that tylosin and sulfonamides determine major changes in some core members and that antibiotic resistance genes for tetracycline and sulphonamides increase upon antibiotic treatment.
Complementary task representations in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex for generalising the structure of problems
Authors: Samborska Veronika , Butler James , Walton Mark , Behrens Timothy E.J. , Akam Thomas 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTFew situations in life are completely novel. We effortlessly generalise prior knowledge to solve novel problems, abstracting common structure and mapping it onto new sensorimotor specifics. Here we trained mice on a series of reversal learning problems that shared the same structure but had different physical implementations. Performance improved across problems, demonstrating transfer of knowledge. Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) maintained similar representations across multiple problems, despite their different sensorimotor correlates, whereas hippocampal (dCA1) representations were more strongly influenced by the specifics of each problem. Critically, this was true both for representations of the events that comprised each trial, and those that integrated choices and outcomes over multiple trials to guide subjects’ decisions. These data suggest that PFC and hippocampus play complementary roles in generalisation of knowledge, with the former abstracting the common structure among related problems, and the latter mapping this structure onto the specifics of the current situation.
Brucellaouter membrane proteins to control maturation and antigen presentation of mouse dendritic cells
Authors: Yang Ningning , Tong Zhixia , Wang Zhen , Xu Mingguo , Zhang Qian , Zhang Huan , Wang Yueli , Yi Jihai , Sun Tianhao , Cui Buyun , Chen Chuangfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBrucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease, which seriously endangers animal husbandry in China. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are full-time antigen presenting cells (APC) that play an important role in the interaction between pathogens and host immunity. DCs were stimulated withBrucellamajor outer membrane proteins (OMPs: OMP10, OMP19, OMP25, BP26 and OMP31) andBrucellamutants (Δomp10, Δomp19, Δomp25, Δbp26, Δomp31) to examine effects on DC maturity and antigen presentation.BrucellaOMP10, OMP19 and BP26;Brucellamutants Δomp10, Δomp19, Δomp25, Δbp26, Δomp31andBrucellaRB51 induced DC maturation and antigen presentation efficiency in mice, activated proliferation of T lymphocytes, and decreased apoptosis, which helped the host recognize antigens and eliminate pathogens. However,B. abortus2308 evaded the host immune function and established chronic infection by maintaining a balance between intracellular replication and inducing apoptosis, thus reducing DC maturation and antigen presentation to T cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) -mediated signaling pathways were involved in the DC maturation and antigen presentation induced byBrucellaOMPs. These results enhance understanding ofBrucellapathogenesis and the host protective immune response mechanism and lay the foundation for the rational design ofBrucellavaccines.
Neurocomputational mechanisms of confidence in self and others
Authors: Bang Dan , Moran Rani , Daw Nathaniel D. , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTComputing confidence in one’s own and others’ decisions is crucial for success in many social situations. While there has been substantial progress in our understanding of confidence in oneself, little is known about how we form confidence about others. Here, we address this question by asking subjects undergoing fMRI to place bets on perceptual decisions made by themselves or one of three other players of varying ability. We show that subjects compute confidence in another player’s decisions by combining distinct estimates of player ability and decision difficulty – allowing them to predict that a good player may get a difficult decision wrong and that a bad player may get an easy decision right. We find that this computation is supported by an interaction between brain systems traditionally implicated in decision-making (LIP) and theory of mind (TPJ, dmPFC). These results reveal a neurocomputational interplay between self- and other-related processes during social cognition.
Cumulative growth and stress responses to the 2018–2019 drought in a European floodplain forest
Authors: Schnabel Florian , Purrucker Sarah , Schmitt Lara , Engelmann Rolf A. , Kahl Anja , Richter Ronny , Seele-Dilbat Carolin , Skiadaresis Georgios , Wirth Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDroughts increasingly threaten the world’s forests and their potential to mitigate climate change. In 2018–2019, Central European forests were hit by two consecutive hotter drought years, an unprecedented phenomenon that is likely to occur more frequently with climate change. Here, we examine tree growth and physiological stress responses (increase in carbon isotope composition; Δδ13C) to this consecutive drought based on tree-rings of dominant tree species in a Central European floodplain forest. Tree growth was not reduced for most species in 2018, indicating that water supply in floodplain forests can partly buffer meteorological water deficits. Drought stress responses in 2018 were comparable to former single drought years but the hotter drought in 2018 induced drought legacies in tree growth while former droughts did not. We observed strong decreases in tree growth and increases in Δδ13C across all tree species in 2019, which are likely driven by the cumulative stress both consecutive hotter droughts exerted. Our results show that consecutive hotter droughts pose a novel threat to forests under climate change, even in forest ecosystems with comparably high levels of water supply.
Fine-tuned repression of Drp1 driven mitochondrial fission primes a ‘stem/progenitor-like state’ to accelerate neoplastic transformation
Authors: Spurlock B , Parker D , Basu MK , Hjelmeland A , Sajina G , Liu S , Siegal GP , Gunter A , Moran A , Mitra K 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe opposing processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion are emerging as crucial regulators of stemness. Gene knockout of the master regulator of mitochondrial fission, Drp1, prevents neoplastic transformation. However, stem/progenitor cells maintaining repressed mitochondrial fission are primed for self-renewal and proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that only fine-tuned repression of Drp1 establishes a ‘stem/progenitor-like state’ towards supporting carcinogen driven neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes, while more complete Drp1 repression prevents it. Only fine-tuned Drp1 repression maintains small networks of fused mitochondria to sustain a unique gene-expression profile with elevated stem/progenitor cell functional markers (Krt15, Sox2 etc) and their regulators (Cyclin E). Cells with such a mitochondria-primed state are slow cycling, susceptible to transformation, and when enriched by mild carcinogen exposure sustains elevated self-renewal/proliferation to form less differentiated tumors. Therefore, our data for the first time highlights a ‘goldilocks’ level of Drp1 repression that supports stem/progenitor state dependent neoplastic transformation.
SARS-CoV-2-host chimeric RNA-sequencing reads do not necessarily signify virus integration into the host DNA
Authors: Kazachenka Anastasiya , Kassiotis George 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe human genome bears evidence of extensive invasion by retroviruses and other retroelements, as well as by diverse RNA and DNA viruses. High frequency of somatic integration of the RNA virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the DNA of infected cells was recently suggested, partly based on the detection of chimeric RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) reads between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from human host DNA. Here, we examined the possible origin of human-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric reads in RNA-seq libraries and provide alternative explanations for their origin. Chimeric reads were frequently detected also between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from mitochondrial DNA or episomal adenoviral DNA present in transfected cell lines, which was unlikely the result of SARS-CoV-2 integration. Furthermore, chimeric reads between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and RNA transcribed from nuclear DNA was highly enriched for host exonic, than intronic or intergenic sequences and often involved the same, highly expressed host genes. These findings suggest that human-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric reads found in RNA-seq data may arise during library preparation and do not necessarily signify SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription, integration in to host DNA and further transcription.
Scalable, Micro-Neutralization Assay for Qualitative Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Clinical Samples
Authors: Bennett Richard S. , Postnikova Elena N. , Liang Janie , Gross Robin , Mazur Steven , Dixit Saurabh , Lukin Vladimir V. , Kocher Greg , Yu Shuiqing , Georgia-Clark Shalamar , Gerhardt Dawn , Cai Yingyun , Marron Lindsay , Holbrook Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was expanding, it was clear that effective testing for the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the blood of convalescent patients would be critical for development of plasma-based therapeutic approaches. To address the need for a high-quality neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2, a previously established fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA) against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was modified and optimized. The SARS-CoV-2 FRNA provides a quantitative assessment of a large number of infected cells through use of a high-content imaging system. Because of this approach, and the fact that it does not involve subjective interpretation, this assay is more efficient and more accurate than other neutralization assays. In addition, the ability to set robust acceptance criteria for individual plates and specific test wells provided further rigor to this assay. Such agile adaptability avails use with multiple virus variants. By February 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 FRNA had been used to screen over 5,000 samples, including acute and convalescent plasma or serum samples and therapeutic antibody treatments, for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers.
Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of complete Epstein Barr virus genomes from Argentina and other geographies
Authors: Blazquez Ana Catalina , Berenstein Ariel José , Torres Carolina , Izquierdo Agustín , Lezama Carol , Moscatelli Guillermo , De Matteo Elena , Lorenzetti Mario Alejandro , Preciado María Victoria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpstein Barr virus sequence variability has been deeply studied throughout the past years in isolates from various geographic regions and consequent geographic variation at both genetic and genomic levels has been described. However, isolates from South America have been underrepresented in these studies. Here, we sequenced 15 complete EBV genomes that we analyzed, by means of a custom-built bioinformatic pipeline, together with publicly available raw NGS data for 199 EBV isolates from other parts of the globe. Phylogenetic relations of the genomes, geographic structure and variability of the data set, and evolution rates for the whole genome and each gene were assessed. The present study contributes to overcome the scarcity of EBV complete genomes from South America, and hence, achieves the most comprehensive geography-related variability study by determining the actual contribution of each EBV gene to the geographic segregation of the entire genomes. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, we established for the first time the evolution rate for the entire EBV genome, on a host-virus codivergence-independent assumption, and statistically demonstrate that evolution rates, on a gene-by-gene basis, are related to the encoded protein function. Considering evolution of dsDNA viruses with a codivergence-independent approach, may lay the basis for future research on EBV evolution. Additionally, this work also expands the sampling-time lapse of available complete genomes derived from different EBV-related conditions, a matter that until today, prevents for detailed phylogeographic analysis.