bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Informal Caregiving and Care Receiving Across Europe During the First Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Bergmann Michael , Wagner Melanie 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We analyzed the effects of COVID-19 as well as its accompanying epidemiological control measures on health-related outcomes (physical and mental health) and unmet care needs of both caregivers and care recipients across Europe and Israel by taking into account country differences.Methods: We applied comparisons of adjusted predictions, controlling for a large set of relevant respondent characteristics, to investigate changes in the physical and mental health of caregivers and care recipients due to COVID-19. Furthermore, multilevel regression models were used to analyze the effect of individual and contextual indicators on the probability of reporting difficulties in receiving care. For the analyses, we used data from 26 countries with 51,983 respondents over 50 years based on the eighth wave of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which had to be suspended in March 2020, and the SHARE Corona Survey fielded from June to August 2020.Results: During the first phase of the pandemic in spring/summer 2020, the frequency of providing personal care to parents increased in almost all European countries, while care to children, in turn, decreased. Parental caregivers who increased the frequency of providing personal care reported significantly more mental health strains, that is, feeling sad/depressed and anxious/nervous more often since the outbreak of the pandemic. With respect to receiving care, about one out of five care recipients had difficulty in obtaining adequate care from outside the household during the pandemic. The perception of unmet care needs was significantly associated with country differences regarding the duration of the stay-at-home orders. In contrast, the number of confirmed deaths did not have a significant effect on perceiving difficulties related to receiving care.Conclusions: Our findings show the extent of the burden to which caregivers and care recipients were exposed with respect to the unintended consequences of COVID-19-related epidemiological control measures. There is a great need within this population for interventions, which effectively reduce the burden as well as the symptoms of anxiety or depression for caregivers as well as care recipients. This should be recognized by (health) policymakers and social organizations.
THE REAL NUMBER MODULE IN PROBLEMS WITH GEOMETRIC CONTENT
Authors: Бичегкуев Маирбек Сулейманович , Олисаев Эльбрус Георгиевич 
Published: June 2021

В работе приводится решение задач, задаваемых уравнениями и неравенствами (или их системами), содержащими знак модуля.
The paper presents the solution of problems defined by equations and inequalities (or their systems) containing the modulus sign.
RUSSIA IN THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT INDEX (EGDI-2020)
Authors: Гродская Галина Николаевна , Меркулов Денис Сергеевич 
Published: June 2021

Цифровая трансформация в настоящее время является важнейшей частью устойчивого развития многих стран. Пандемия закрепила роль цифрового правительства и ускорила цифровизацию государственного управления. В статье рассматриваются динамика позиций России в рейтинге EGDI, а также глобальные тенденции в области развития электронного управления.
Digital transformation is now an essential part of the sustainable development of many countries. The pandemic has cemented the role of digital government and accelerated the digitalization of government. The article examines the dynamics of Russia's positions in the EGDI ranking, as well as global trends in the development of e-government.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF NORWAY'S ECONOMY AND EDUCATION
Authors: Петросян Анаит Ариковна , Кузьмина Татьяна Ивановна 
Published: June 2021

Растущая динамика на международных рынках, усиление конкуренции между компаниями и, в следствие, между рабочими кадрами, а также все более успешные позиции электронного рынка с огромными объёмами информации для клиентов в Интернете - основные причины пересмотра ведения не только бизнеса, но и перестройки экономики, а вместе с ней и перестройки подготовки будущих участников рынка. В статье рассматривается трансформация основы всех стран - экономики и образования в эпоху цифровизации.
The growing dynamics in international markets, increased competition between companies and, as a result, between workforce, as well as the increasingly successful positions of the electronic market with huge volumes of information for customers on the Internet are the main reasons for the revision of not only business, but also the restructuring of the economy, and along with it, restructuring the preparation of future market participants. The article examines the transformation of the foundation of all countries - the economy and education in the era of digitalization.
FOREIGN STUDENTS ON THE RULES OF WRITING AN ELECTRONIC BUSINESS LETTER
Authors: Зорина Виктория Владимировна , Кадыркулов Мухамеджан Тынысбаевич 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме понимания и владения иностранными обучающимися правилами составления электронного делового письма. Представлены результаты опроса слушателей курсов подготовки иностранных специалистов СибЮИ МВД России. Выявлено, что респонденты не владеют в полном объеме сведениями о структуре и правилах составления электронного делового письма.
The article is devoted to the actual problem of understanding and proficiency of foreign students in the rules of writing an electronic business letter. The article presents the results of a survey of students of the training courses for foreign specialists of the SIBYUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It was revealed that the respondents do not have full knowledge of the structure and rules of writing an electronic business letter.
Light Curves of Partial Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Chen 陈 Jin-Hong 劲鸿 , Shen 申 Rong-Feng 荣锋 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can uncover the quiescent black holes (BHs) at the center of galaxies and also offer a promising method to study them. In a partial TDE (PTDE), the BH’s tidal force cannot fully disrupt the star, so the stellar core survives and only a varied portion of the stellar mass is bound to the BH and feeds it. We calculate the event rate of PTDEs and full TDEs (FTDEs). In general, the event rate of PTDEs is higher than that of FTDEs, especially for the larger BHs, and the detection rate of PTDEs is approximately dozens per year, as observed by the Zwicky Transient Factory. During the circularization process of the debris stream in PTDEs, no outflow can be launched due to the efficient radiative diffusion. The circularized debris ring then experiences viscous evolution and forms an accretion disk. We calculate the light curves of PTDEs contributed by these two processes, along with their radiation temperature evolution. The light curves have double peaks and peak in the UV spectra. Without obscuration or reprocessing of the radiation by an outflow, PTDEs provide a clean environment to study the circularization and transient disk formation in TDEs.
Probing Feedback via IGM tomography and the Lyα Forest with Subaru PFS, TMT/ELT, and JWST
Authors: Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh , Fujita Katsumi , Suzuki Nao , Lee Khee-Gan , Momose Rieko , Mukae Shiro , Liang Yongming , Kashikawa Nobunari , Ouchi Masami , Silverman John D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In preparation for the tomography study of the intergalactic medium (IGM) by Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) survey and other large future telescopes such as TMT/ELT/GMT, we present the results of our pilot study on Lyα forest and IGM tomography statistics using the GADGET3-Osaka cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamical simulation. Our simulation includes models for star formation and supernova feedback, which enables more realistic cross-correlation studies between galaxies, neutral hydrogen (H i), and metals in circumgalactic and intergalactic medium. We create a light-cone data set at z = 2–3 from our simulations and generate mock Lyα forest data. As a first step, in this paper, we focus on the distribution of H i and galaxies, and present statistical results on 1D flux probability distribution function, 1D power spectrum, flux contrast versus impact parameter, and H i–galaxy cross-correlations. Our results show overall agreement with current observational data, with some interesting discrepancies on small scales that are due to either feedback effects or varying observational conditions. Our simulation shows stronger H i absorption with decreasing transverse distance from galaxies. We find that massive galaxies with M
⋆ ≥ 1010
M
⊙ contribute strongly to the flux contrast signal, and that lower-mass galaxies with M
⋆ ∼ 108–1010
M
⊙ tend to dilute the flux contrast signal from massive galaxies. On large scales, the average flux contrast smoothly connects to the IGM level, supporting the concordance Λ cold dark matter model. We also find an increase in the H i absorption toward the center of a protocluster.
Sensitivity of Cosmological Parameter Estimation to Nonlinear Prescription from Galaxy Clustering
Authors: Safi Sarah , Farhang Marzieh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Next-generation large-scale surveys will probe the nonlinear regime with high resolution. Making viable cosmological inferences based on these observations requires accurate theoretical modeling of the mildly nonlinear regime. In this work we investigate the sensitivity of cosmological parameter measurements from future probes of galaxy clustering to the choice of nonlinear prescription up to

. In particular, we calculate the induced parameter bias when the mildly nonlinear regime is modeled by the Halofit fitting scheme. We find significant (∼5σ) bias for some parameters with a future Euclid-like survey. We also explore the contribution of different scales to the parameter estimation for different observational setups and cosmological scenarios, compared for the two nonlinear prescriptions of Halofit and EFTofLSS. We include in the analysis the free parameters of the nonlinear theory and a blind parameterization for the galaxy bias. We find that marginalization over these nuisance parameters significantly boosts the errors of the standard cosmological parameters. This renders the differences in the predictions of the various nonlinear prescriptions less effective when transferred to the parameter space. More accurate modeling of these nuisance parameters would therefore greatly enhance the cosmological gain from the mildly nonlinear regime.
Homatula guanheensis sp. nov. (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), a new species of loach from Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhou Chuanjiang , Ma Wenwen , Wang Xi , Tang Yongtao , Meng Xiaoling , Nie Guoxing 
Published: June 2021

The genus Homatula belongs to the order Cypriniformes and family Nemacheilidae. Nichols (1925) set up the genus as a subgenus of Barbatula by the type species of Nemacheilus potanini. Currently, it is recognised as a valid genus. Nineteen valid species have been already reported in the drainage of the Yellow, Yangtze, Pearl, Lancang, Red and Nujiang Rivers. H. variegata, H. longidorsalis, H. berezowskii and H. potanini are distributed in the Yangtze River drainage in China. H. laxiclathra is mainly distributed in the Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River. The remaining species are mainly distributed in the rivers of Yunnan Province.
Homatula guanheensis sp. nov., a new species, is described from the Guanhe River of the HanJiang River drainage (a tributary of the Yangtze River), Xixia County, Henan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: the vertical brown bars on the body are wider than their interspaces, numbering 19–22; predorsal body partially scaled; the lateral line complete; adipose crest on caudal peduncle not reaching forward; the position of the anal-fin origin and the intestinal form. The new species displays distinct molecular divergence in the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes.
Memories of Terry Erwin
Authors: Spence John , Kavanaugh David , Maddison David R. , Boyd Olivia , Brandmayr Pietro , Garner Beulah , Maveety Sarah , Mosquera Diego , Moore Wendy , Riley Kathryn , Shorthouse Joseph , Sims Linda , Steiner Warren , Swing Kelly , Turin Hans , Zamorano Laura S. , Penev Lyubomir 
Published: June 2021

We were fortunate to have known Terry not only as an excellent professional coleopterist and an enthusiastic colleague, but also as a good friend. Entomological meetings for us came with an evening supper or two with Terry and the kind of laid-back personal catch-up that happens only among friends with long-term interest in each other’s lives. Through our connections with the University of Alberta and George Ball we were also happy members of Terry’s basal academic family. While we will join the rest of a broader scientific community in missing his presence in development of ideas about beetles, biodiversity and evolution, the kinds of work that Terry promoted will continue. We will, of course, be interested in following how the understanding of carabids and nature develops further from Terry’s contributions. This will most certainly continue to grow, partly through the efforts of those that he has influenced. Every practicing research scientist has some role to play in the great chain of discovery, and much of this volume is meant to celebrate Terry’s contributions and showcase how they have influenced the work of others.

Our own more enduring sense of loss will flow from the personal interactions with Terry that were generally part of our timelines. Despite the sadness associated with such loss, our memories of interactions with Terry underscore a sense of joy and gratefulness for having connected with him interpersonally in life. Given Terry’s affable and social nature, many others will have such memories. Thus, when Lyubomir Penev asked us to coordinate a selection of ‘memories’ for this memorial volume, we were happy to undertake the task and gather together a selection of memories of our friend, Terry Erwin. What follows is a series of recollections by people who knew and worked with him from a number of perspectives during a broad range of his academic career.

We are most grateful to those who have been willing to share their reflections. These are presented here as a way of reaching beyond Terry’s considerable scientific influence to also preserve some sense of his influence on the lives of people, and the ways in which he encouraged and inspired them. We thank all the contributors for their efforts and Diane Hollingdale for work to bring the included photographs to the best possible publication standard.

John R. Spence
Edmonton, Alberta

David H. Kavanaugh
San Francisco, California

David R. Maddison
Corvallis, Oregon
L’autoanalyse de George Sand
Authors: Jaeger Philippe 
Published: June 2021

Penser, pour G. Sand, c’est écrire après-coup. On retrouve dans sa correspondance un travail d’autoanalyse, souvent suscité par des ruptures, qui la conduit à élaborer ses traumatismes de l’enfance, dont la mort du père et les conflits violents qui opposaient sa grand-mère aristocrate et sa mère, « femme du pavé de Paris ». Dans un transfert à prédominance paternelle avec ses correspondants, elle écrit ce qui lui vient à l’esprit. Ces crises sont l’occasion de migraines déjà présentes chez sa mère. Elle a recours aux rêveries. Sans interlocuteur elle se perd dans le « non-moi ».
Corps déporté, corps survivant. Regard sur l’écriture de Primo Levi
Authors: Munaro Béatrice 
Published: June 2021

Le début de La Trêve et le dernier chapitre de Si c’est un homme offrent une réflexion sur la prise en charge des corps des déportés, l’héritage laissé par la machine concentrationnaire, instrument à broyer l’individu, physiquement et psychiquement. En revisitant le récit de la fin de son expérience de l’enfermement, nous pouvons nous interroger sur l’écriture du corps déporté et survivant mise en œuvre par Primo Levi ; l’auteur cherche à montrer sans détour le corps en crise, le renversement de l’humain.
Οικονομία και νομισματοκοπία των πόλεων της Πελοποννήσου στον 1ο αι. π.Χ.: Ο ρωμαϊκός παράγων
Authors: Παπαγεωργιαδου Χαρίκλεια , Ζουμπακη Σοφία 
Published: June 2021

La période qui succède à la destruction de Corinthe en 146 av. J.-C., jusqu’à la fin du iie s. av. J.-C., est une période de pauvreté et de repli pour les villes du Péloponnèse, comme cela ressort des rares témoignages littéraires, de la quasi-absence de textes épigraphiques et des trouvailles monétaires. Les sources de tout type redeviennent abondantes au début du ier s. av. J.-C. En regroupant les informations, on s’efforce ici de déterminer quel fut l’impact de la présence romaine sur l’économie des villes péloponnésiennes et la probable influence de Rome aussi bien dans la frappe monétaire des cités que dans la relance de l’activité monétaire du Koinon achéen ressuscité. Même si l’on ne relève pas d’intervention spécifique des autorités romaines dans l’économie locale, nombreux sont toutefois les témoignages d’un développement économique des régions soumises, comme le Péloponnèse, par le biais du financement des entreprises militaires romaines. La prétendue autonomie monétaire des cités et des confédérations se révèle souvent n’être, en réalité, qu’un instrument soumis aux ordres du pouvoir romain.
Κοινωνία και οικονομία στην Πελοπόννησο κατά τους βυζαντινούς χρόνους (5ος-12ος αιώνας)
Authors: Πεννα Βασιλική 
Published: June 2021

L’histoire du Péloponnèse pendant l’époque byzantine se caractérise par plusieurs particularités qui continuent à préoccuper les chercheurs dans leurs efforts de déchiffrer ou compléter des sources fragmentaires, voire contradictoires, en les combinant au témoignage des vestiges archéologiques. La présente étude passe en revue les différents domaines de recherche relatifs à l’espace péloponnésien, ainsi que les transformations que connaît cet espace d’un point de vue politique, intellectuel, économique et social, du ve s. à la fin du xiie s. Nous évoquons notamment le sujet largement débattu des incursions avaro-slaves et de la pénétration slave, de l’organisation administrative et ecclésiastique de la région, des divers aspects de la vie urbaine ou rurale, des phénomènes économiques et monétaires, des activités liées au travail, ainsi que du statut social et du niveau de vie des habitants de différentes régions du Péloponnèse. Nous essayons également de faire état de l’abondante bibliographie sur le sujet, en ajoutant à l’occasion des réflexions critiques, et de mettre en évidence des phénomènes qui invitent peut-être à réexaminer la documentation historique et archéologique. La création de la Principauté franque d’Achaïe, dans la première décennie du xiiie siècle, et le développement ultérieur du Despotat de Morée, dès le début de la seconde moitié de ce siècle, constituent un autre chapitre, tout aussi complexe, de l’histoire du Péloponnèse médiéval. Pour des raisons pratiques et méthodologiques, nous n’avons pas inclus cette période dans la présente étude.
Το Άργος κατά τους πρώιμους βυζαντινούς χρόνους: Η μαρτυρία των νομισμάτων από τις ανασκαφές του Εθνικού Γυμναστηρίου
Authors: Μαλαδακησ Βαγγέλης 
Published: June 2021

L’étude est consacrée aux 933 monnaies retrouvées lors des fouilles menées sur le terrain du Gymnase national d’Argos, dans les années 1980. Seules 126 pièces ont été identifiées, qui se regroupent en neuf ensembles, constitués essentiellement d’émissions d’ateliers orientaux (Thessalonique et Propontide), avec une majorité d’émissions de Justin II (52 %), suivi par Justinien Ier (34 %) et Anastase. Ces ensembles correspondent à d’autres trouvailles comparables publiées jusqu’ici, caractéristiques de la fin du vie s. apr. J.-C., et sont à mettre en relation avec l’invasion des Avaro-Slaves dans l’espace grec. De manière générale, les trouvailles de cette époque dans le Péloponnèse témoignent d’une résurgence de l’économie monétaire, tandis que l’augmentation de la thésaurisation entre 578 et 583 est le signe tangible d’une menace ennemie. En tenant compte de l’emplacement des trouvailles ici examinées et du contexte historique de l’époque, nous osons exprimer une audacieuse hypothèse de travail : il est probable qu’un corps de soldats était caserné en dehors des murs de la ville, avant de laisser derrière lui, au moment de son retrait, les monnaies qu’il utilisait au quotidien.
MHC Class II Presentation Is Affected by Polymorphism in the H2-Ob Gene and Additional Loci
Authors: Cullum Emily , Graves Austin M , Tarakanova Vera L , Denzin Lisa K , Golovkina Tatyana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pathogen-derived peptides are loaded on MHC class II (MHCII) and presented to CD4+ T cells for their activation. Peptide loading of MHCII occurs in specialized endosomal compartments and is controlled by the nonclassical MHCII molecules H2-M and H2-O, which are both constitutive αβ heterodimers. H2-M catalyzes MHCII peptide loading, whereas H2-O modulates H2-M activity by acting as an MHCII mimic. Recently, we discovered that the H2-Ob allele inherited by retrovirus-resistant I/LnJ mice results in nonfunctional H2-O. I/LnJ H2-O binds to but does not inhibit H2-M. Compared with H2-Oβ from virus-susceptible mice, H2-Oβ from I/LnJ mice has four unique amino acid substitutions, three in the Ig domain and one in the cytoplasmic tail. In this study we show that the three amino acids in the Ig domain of I/LnJ Oβ are critical for the H2-O inhibitory activity of H2-M. Unexpectedly, we found that MHCII presentation was significantly different in Ag-presenting cells from two closely related mouse strains, B6J and B6N, which carry identical alleles of MHCII, H2-O, and H2-M. Using a positional cloning approach, we have identified two loci, polymorphic between B6J and B6N, that mediate the difference in MHCII presentation. Collectively, these studies reveal extra complexity in MHCII/H2-M/H-2O interactions that likely involve yet to be identified modulators of the pathway.
USP19 Suppresses Th17-Driven Pathogenesis in Autoimmunity
Authors: Zhang Jing , Bouch Ronald J , Blekhman Maxim G , He Zhiheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Th17 cells have emerged as a chief pathogenic cell type in murine models of autoimmunity and human autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells are markedly plastic in their pathogenic potential, as they can adopt pro- or anti-inflammatory programming under distinct conditions. The specific mechanism underlying the plasticity of Th17 pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we found that Th17 lineage–specific transcription factor RORγt directly bound to the promoters of genes engaged in the ubiquitination pathway and thus upregulated their expression in pathogenic Th17 cells. We observed that ubiquitination activity correlated with Th17-related pathology in the context of autoimmunity. Consistent with this finding, the deubiquitinase USP19 was shown to suppress pathogenic Th17 differentiation in vitro and Th17-mediated pathogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, USP19 removed the K63-linked ubiquitin chain from RORγt lysine 313, which is essential for recruiting the coactivator SRC3. Collectively, our findings indicate that USP19 selectively suppresses the pathogenic potential of Th17 cells and offer novel strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.