bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OPERATIONAL ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION
Authors: ТУЖИЛКИН В.И. , КЛЕМЕШОВ Д.А. , ДОНЕНКО Г.А. , ЛУКИН Н.Д. , ЕШИМБЕТОВА Б.Т. 
Published: November 2021

Разработана математическая модель (ММ) технохимического учета и контроля производства сахара, предназначенная для автоматического определения технико-экономических показателей работы предприятия, контроля за ходом выполнения нормативных показателей, оперативного управления производством. Прикладной пакет визуально-блочного моделирования позволяет успешно решать сложные задачи программирования и моделирования статических и динамических объектов пищевой промышленности. Предлагаемые расчетные формулы в рамках ММ дают возможность разработать компьютерную программу для предприятий сахарной отрасли. Внедрение MM технохимического учета на предприятии будет способствовать повышению эффективности производства за счет улучшения его технико-экономических показателей и, следовательно, увеличению выхода продукции высокого качества. Данная ММ расчета позволит в оперативном режиме (за считанные секунды) определять основные технологические показатели, характеризующие эффективность использования сырья и выход готовой продукции, в любой момент процесса производства за определенный период.
Mathematical model (MM) of technical and chemical accounting and control of sugar production, designed to automatically determine the technical and economic performance of the enterprise, monitoring the progress of regulatory indicators, operational management of production, is developed. The applied package of visual-block modeling allows solve successfully complex problems of programming and modeling of static and dynamic objects of the food industry. The proposed calculation formulas within MM make it possible to develop a computer program for the sugar industry. The introduction of MM technical and chemical accounting at the enterprise will contribute to improving the efficiency of production by improving its technical and economic indicators and, therefore, increasing the output of high quality products. This MM of calculation will allow in the operational mode (in seconds) to determine the main technological indicators characterizing the efficiency of use of raw materials and output of finished products at any time of the production process for a certain period.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES, OBTAINED FROM GRAPE POMACE
Authors: КОРНЕН Н.Н. , КАЛМАНОВИЧ С.А. , ШАХРАЙ Т.А. , МАРТОВЩУК В.И. , КУЗЬМИНОВА Е.В. , СЕМЕНЕНКО М.П. 
Published: November 2021

Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности антиоксидантного и гепатопротекторного действия пищевых добавок, полученных из выжимки винограда белых сортов по различным технологиям, в экспериментах на лабораторных животных. Установлено, что пищевая добавка «Порошок виноградный» (ПВ), полученная из выжимки винограда белых сортов по разработанной технологии, позволяет, по сравнению с контрольным образцом пищевой добавки, в большей степени снизить в сыворотке крови содержание продуктов перекисного окисления липидов – малонового диальдегида, диеновых коньюгатов и кетодиенов, что свидетельствует о более высокой эффективности антиоксидантного действия ПВ на организм животных, обусловленной большим содержанием микронутриентов с антиоксидантными свойствами. Добавка ПВ проявляет более высокую эффективность гепатопротекторного действия, заключающуюся в значительном снижении уровня активности аланинаминотрансферазы в сыворотке крови, по сравнению с контрольным образцом добавки.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of antioxidant and hepatoprotective action of food additives which obtained from grape pomace white varieties for various technologies, was carried out in experiments on laboratory animals. It is established that the food additive “Grape Powder” (GP), obtained from the pomace of white grape varieties by the developed technology, allows, in comparison with the control sample of the food additive, to reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the serum to a greater extent – Malon dialdehyde, diene conjugates and ketodienes, which indicates a higher efficiency of antioxidant action of GP on the organism of animals, due to the high content of micronutrients with antioxidant properties. The additive GP shows a higher efficiency of hepatoprotective action, which consists in a significant reduction in the level of alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood serum, compared to the control sample of the additive.
Three-Dimensional Magnetotelluric (MT) Modeling of the Northern Negros Geothermal Project, Central Philippines
Authors:   , Los Banos Carlos Emmanuel Fajardo 
Published: November 2021

<p>The latest magnetotelluric (MT) survey was conducted in the Northern Negros Geothermal Project (NNGP), which is one of the geothermal fields being developed in the Philippines, from December, 2010 to April, 2011. 66 new MT soundings were added to the previous MT dataset. The new stations were located mainly in the southeastern and southern regions to define the extent of drilled high-temperature resource in these areas. Phase tensor analysis show that the MT data in general is only 1-D in the short period range of <1 s and becomes 3-D at longer periods. 1-D, 2-D and 3-D modeling were performed on the MT dataset after stripping it for distortion based on the phase tensor and correcting for static shifts using Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) data. The resistivity structure from all models show three main layers: a >100 ohm-m resistive top layer, a middle <10 ohm-m conductive layer and a >20 ohm-m moderately resistive bottom layer. The highly resistive top layer is associated with the relatively fresh volcanic deposits of the Canlaon Volcanics (CnV). Correlating the 3-D resistivity structure with subsurface data from the drilled wells shows that the thick conductive layer overlaps with the low-temperature alteration minerals such as smectite while the moderately resistive bottom layer coincides with the high-temperature alteration minerals like illite and epidote. These observations are also consistent with the measured well temperatures wherein the elevated temperatures drilled beneath the Pataan sector coincide with the shallow occurence or doming portion of the bottom resistive layer. Tracing the shallow occurrence of the bottom resistive layer revealed a northeast extension to the drilled resource beneath Pataan. The delineated resource area in Pataan is about 3 to 7 km². Other possible high-temperature areas are located within the Upper Hagdan and Hardin Sang Balo sectors. However, resolution of the resistivity structure is not well pronounced in these areas due to limited data coverage.</p>
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Trehalose Glycolipids
Authors:   , Khan Ashna Ashneen 
Published: November 2021

<p>Numerous α,α-trehalose diesters have been isolated from bacteria such as Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria, and more recently from Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larvae. Although these glycolipids are thought to confer protection to the bacteria and larvae against harsh environmental conditions, it is the biological activities of these compounds, including anti-tumour and adjuvant activities, which have been of major interest to scientists over recent years. In this thesis, three different aspects relating to the synthesis and testing of defined trehalose glycolipids will be presented. First, the synthesis of a variety of fatty acid trehalose diesters (TDEs) with varying lipid lengths was performed and the ability of these glycolipids to activate macrophages was studied. Two different synthetic strategies were employed to attain the TDEs of interest and it was observed that lipid lengths of more than 18 carbons were required for macrophage activation. Furthermore, the C22 fatty acid trehalose monoester (TME) and the C26 TME were also synthesised and interestingly they both showed macrophage activation abilities, with subsequent studies indicating that like TDEs, the TMEs were also ligands for mincle, a C-type lectin found on macrophages. This is the first time that TMEs have been tested for their ability to activate macrophages via Mincle. The cytotoxicity of these compounds and subsequent anti-tumour activity of a few selected compounds were also studied and although the TDEs and TMEs did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity, in in vivo models the C10 TDE and C22 TDE both showed anti-tumour activity. This depicts that the mechanism for anti-tumour activity of these compounds is not due to cytotoxicity but due to as yet unidentified pathway. Methodology that can be applied to the synthesis of more complex trehalose glycolipids, such as trehalose dicorynomycolates (TDCMs, isolated from Corynebacteria) and trehalose dimycolates (TDMs, isolated from Mycobacteria) was also explored. One of the key steps frequently used in the synthesis of these glycolipids is the Fráter-Seebach alkylation. To improve the efficacy of this methodology allylic iodides, rather than alkyl iodides were used for theα-alkylation of β-hydroxy esters. Our results showed that for all substrates studied, the yield of the α-alkylation was greatly improved when the allylic, rather that the alkyl halide was used. The use of this methodology in the synthesis of trehalose monocorynomycolate (TMCM) was also investigated. The third aspect of this thesis focuses on the use of Affinity Based Proteome Profiling (AƒBPP) for elucidating the receptors that TDMs bind to upon interacting with host cell. AƒBPP focuses on using small molecules which mimic the natural substrate for a particular protein and through the use of ‘trap’ and ‘tag’ groups on the molecule the identity of the protein/receptors can be determined. The synthesis of a TDM probe containing a benzophenone ‘trap’ group and an alkyne ‘tag’ group will be discussed.</p>
Diverse Education for Diverse Economies: The relevance of Rural Training Centres in the Solomon Islands
Authors:   , Fleming Kathryn 
Published: November 2021

<p>Education is considered the cornerstone of development, essential to achieving economic and social goals. Under the powerful global education agenda, the western model of formal education has been implemented hegemonically in developing countries. This model largely prepares young people for a role in the formal economy in an urban environment, overlooking fundamental questions of purpose and relevance for local context. In the Solomon Islands, where 85% of the population reside rurally, such opportunities often do not exist or reflect local livelihoods. Rural Training Centres (RTCs) are informal vocational institutions that sit outside of the dominant education paradigm by aiming to prepare young people for local livelihoods. Through informal and vocational learning, they offer an alternative to urbanisation, supporting self derived and locally based livelihoods. Paradoxically, for this very reasons they are often disregarded at the government and donor level. From a postdevelopment perspective, this thesis considers the roles and relevance of RTCs under a wider conceptualisation of economy and knowledge than is applied in mainstream development practice. Using qualitative and ethnographical methodologies, this research investigates local understandings of RTCs as an education alternative through the voices of young people, women and the wider community. The inter-related aspects: economy, education, and development, are considered in two case study communities, Gizo and Vatu, providing a semi-urban/rural comparison. Using a Diverse Economies Framework (Gibson-Graham, 2005), this thesis reveals a more realistic picture of the myriad of activities that support local livelihoods exists. The formal economy is found to play a secondary role to informal and direct economic practices. Similarly, under a pluralistic view of education that accepts the legitimacy of traditional, cultural and indigenous knowledge, the aspirations of young people are found to be deeply rooted ‘at home’. Yet, this research argues that they do not conform to a simplistic modern-traditional dichotomy. Rather they reflect cultural hybridity, a third space ‘in between’ where different knowledges are transformed and negotiated. Despite criticisms, RTCs were positively viewed at a community level. They were considered to fill a vital gap left by the formal education system, support local livelihoods and help stem the flow of urban migration. They also offer an opportunity to support women in existing gender roles, as well as expand existing cultural educational boundaries. However, RTCs are facing pressure to standardise and formalise in order to attract greater government and donor funding. This reflects wider tensions in development policy and practice that favour the universal and the global over the local, and brings to light the inherent power disparity in the aid relationship.</p>
Saudisation and Women’s Empowerment through Employment in the Health Care Sector
Authors:   , Alghamdi Fatemah 
Published: November 2021

<p>The majority of studies concerning Saudisation policy as a solution to decrease the unemployment of nationals and reduce the reliance on expatriate. However, this study looks at Saudisation as a tool to empower Saudi women working in the health care sector. Saudi working women have been lacking opportunities of empowerment, due to challenges they face in their daily life that hinder the development and equality of those women. The thesis has been guided by the literature and qualitative evidence that suggests obstacles to women’s empowerment and development involve socially constructed norms, traditions, religion and culture that primarily favour men. The study, also, adopts feminist geography and gender perspective and focuses on the individual voices of women working in the health care sector. This research uses different empowerment frameworks of Kabeer, Rowland, Stromquist and Freire, which are relevant to women employment and empowerment. This research utilises feminist methodology in obtaining deep understanding of the reality and experience of women employed in the health care sector. Findings of this research reveal conditions that maintain disempowerment of women working in health care sector, as well as identifying the tools that might guarantee their empowerment. Findings also show those women necessities in the case of gender needs that revolve around their domestic and working responsibilities. This thesis provides some recommendations to government, policy makers, educational institutions and employers about how to contribute in empowering women and overcoming challenges that hinder their development and wellbeing. Ultimately, this study aimed to, first, contribute to the literature of women’s empowerment by exploring their employment in a Saudi context and second, to put the spotlight on Saudi women’s issues through development lens and enrich that field of study.</p>
Organised Functional Liquids for Photon Upconversion
Authors:   , van den Kerkhof Lia Catherine 
Published: November 2021

<p>Photon upconversion is a process by which lower energy photons are converted to higher energy photons, which can be achieved by the interaction of two triplet excited states. This process holds potential for wavelength shifting solid films in photovoltaic cells. Not all wavelengths emitted by the sun have sufficient energy to be utilized by such devices. Typical solar cells have a band gap of around 1 µm, however there is a significant amount of energy output by the sun that falls below this threshold. Upconversion could lead to more efficient use of energy by converting these lower energy wavelengths to wavelengths that could be directly absorbed by the solar panel. Upconversion has thus far been harnessed in solution, where diffusion is the limiting factor for the efficiency of the process. However, for technological applications it would be better to create thin solid films. In these films, molecules would have to be brought within the distance on which upconversion occurs, as the process would no longer be defined by diffusion. One way to achieve this would be to create liquid crystalline derivatives of upconversion emitter molecules. This would provide ordering in the system, which would enhance electronic coupling and bring molecules within the scale on which upconversion occurs. The work of this thesis has focused on the synthesis of these organised functional liquids: liquid crystals of common upconversion emitter molecules. 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) are popular emitter molecules, and derivatives of these molecules were synthesized. A variety of alkyl chains were attached with or without phenyl linkers. The alkyl chains would provide entropy to the system in order to induce the formation of liquid crystalline phases. The resulting phase behaviour of these derivatives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM). Eight novel derivatives of DPA and BPEA were synthesized. New information was gained as to the requirements of inducing liquid crystallinity in these dye molecules. Direct addition of chains symmetrically to the central dye molecules did not result in the formation of liquid crystalline phases. Through extension of the central core by an extra phenyl ring a liquid crystalline behaviour was observed. A synthesized derivative of DPA exhibited extreme supercooling, which is one of a few derivatives of 9,10-diphenylanthracene to exhibit a liquid state at room temperature. A derivative of BPEA was synthesized that exhibited formation of a mesophase (liquid crystal phase). These two derivatives were investigated for potential use as a material for upconversion.</p>
High Impedance Amplifiers for Non-Contact Bio-Potential Sensing
Authors:   , Ryan Brett 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research develops a non-contact bio-potential sensor which can quickly respond to input transient events, is insensitive to mechanical disturbances, and operates with a bandwidth from 0.04Hz – 20kHz, with input voltage noise spectral density of 200nV / √Hz at 1kHz. Initial investigations focused on the development of an active biasing scheme to control the sensors input impedance in response to input transient events. This scheme was found to significantly reduce the settling time of the sensor; however the input impedance was degraded, and the device was sensitive to distance fluctuations. Further research was undertaken, and a circuit developed to preserve fast settling times, whilst decreasing the sensitivity to distance fluctuations. A novel amplifier biasing network was developed using a pair of junction field effect transistors (JFETs), which actively compensates for DC and low frequency interference, whilst maintaining high impedance at signal frequencies. This biasing network significantly reduces the settling time, allowing bio-potentials to be measured quickly after sensor application, and speeding up recovery when the sensor is in saturation. Further work focused on reducing the sensitivity to mechanical disturbances even further. A positive feedback path with low phase error was introduced to reduce the effective input capacitance of the sensor. Tuning of the positive feedback loop gain was achieved with coarse and fine control potentiometers, allowing very precise gains to be achieved. The sensor was found to be insensitive to distance fluctuations of up to 0.5mm at 1Hz, and up to 2mm at 5kHz. As a complement to the non-contact sensor, an amplifier to measure differential bio-potentials was developed. This differential amplifier achieved a CMRR of greater than 100dB up to 10kHz. Precise fixed gains of 20±0:02dB, 40±0:01dB, 60±0:03dB, and 80±0:3dB were achieved, with input voltage noise density of 15nV / √Hz at 1kHz.</p>
A useful accessory: The use of lightweight replica ornament to manage the cultural heritage values of earthquake-prone buildings
Authors:   , Smith Moira 
Published: November 2021

<p>In NZ, some earthquake-prone heritage buildings have, historically, been restored with lightweight replica ornament to reconstruct decorative features that have been damaged or removed over time. But restoration has traditionally been a contested approach to conservation, particularly when heritage values and authenticity are considered to be intrinsic only to original or historic built fabric. This problem leads to the central research question addressed in this dissertation: ‘Can lightweight replica ornament be used to manage the heritage value of earthquake-prone heritage buildings?’ The research draws on Critical Heritage Studies which challenges the conventional stress on the intrinsic value of tangible heritage objects, and argues that heritage value is found in the intangible cultural processes that surround things. Consequently, authenticity is seen as pluralised and dependent on the cultural concerns, and aspirations, of local stakeholder communities. Using the theoretical framework of critical heritage and material culture studies, this dissertation therefore examines a technical aspect of conservation practice by re-theorising the concept of 'restoration'. The research methodology employs an adapted model of Action Research to investigate current professional practice. After analysing the historical context of earthquake-prone heritage buildings in the first chapter, in chapter two qualitative interviews are conducted with professionals who have an interest in the management of earthquake-prone buildings. Through the analysis and discussion of this data, a new actor network model is developed which shows the wider context of the resolution of the earthquake-prone status of heritage buildings. The findings suggest that professionals believe that heritage value is intrinsic to built fabric, and that the repair of existing built fabric is generally achievable. This means that replica ornament should only be considered for situations where reparability is unfeasible, and that lightweight substitute materials should only be used where traditional materials and technologies can longer be reproduced. Within these constraints it is possible to use lightweight replica ornament where it can be justified as a contributor to cultural heritage values. Furthermore, where professionals can reconcile the varying concerns of stakeholder communities in terms of safety and heritage value then lightweight replica ornament has the potential to add meaning to buildings and to become part of the narrative of place.</p>