bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Piezo‐Phototronic Devices Based on Intersubband Transition of Wurtzite Quantum Well
Authors: Dan Minjiang , Hu Gongwei , Nie Jiaheng , Li Lijie , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIII‐nitride semiconductors play much more important roles in the areas of modern photoelectric applications, whereas strong polarization in their heterostructures is always a challenge to restrict the efficiency and performance of photoelectric devices. In this study, piezo‐phototronic effect on near‐infrared intersubband absorption is explored based on polar GaN/AlN quantum wells. The results show that externally applied pressure leads to the redshift of absorption wavelength by reducing polarization field of the quantum well. The sensitivity to estimate pressure‐dependent intersubband absorption wavelength is almost two orders of magnitude higher than interband photoelectric devices. Additionally, such sensitivity is further enhanced by 2.6 times at 20 GPa as a result of piezo‐phototronic effect. This study paves avenue for designing high‐performance near‐infrared piezo‐phototronic devices based on intersubband transition.
Conjugated π Electrons of MOFs Drive Charge Separation at Heterostructures Interface for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Sun Wenming , Tian Yang , Dang Kun , Zhang Qimeng , Shen Zhurui , Zhan Sihui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotoanode material with high efficiency and stability is extensively desirable in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for green/renewable energy source. Herein, novel heterostructures is constructed via coating rutile TiO2 nanorods with metal organic framework (MOF) materials UiO‐66 or UiO‐67 (UiO‐66@TiO2 and UiO‐67@TiO2), respectively. The π electrons in the MOF linkers could increase the local electronegativity near the heterojunction interface due to the conjugation effect, thereby enhancing the internal electric field (IEF) at the heterojunction interface. The IEF could drive charge transfer following Z‐scheme mechanism in the prepared heterostructures, inducing photogenerated charge separation efficiency increasing as 156% and 253% for the UiO‐66@TiO2 and UiO‐67@TiO2, respectively. Correspondingly, the UiO‐66@TiO2 and UiO‐67@TiO2 enhanced the photocurrent density as approximate two‐ and threefolds compared with that of pristine TiO2 for PEC water oxidation in universal pH electrolytes. This work demonstrates an effective method of regulating the IEF of heterojunction toward further improved charge separation.
Recent advances in functional fiber electronics
Authors: Zhang Xiaopei , Lin Huijuan , Shang Huan , Xu Jingsan , Zhu Jixin , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapid development of wearable electronics with various functionalities has stimulated the demand to construct functional fiber devices due to their merits of mechanical flexibility, weavability, miniaturization, and integrability. To this end, fiber components which can realize the functions of energy storage and conversion, actuating plus sensing have gained increasing concerns. Herein, we summarize the recent progress with respect to fiber material preparation, innovative structure design, and device performance in this review, also highlighting the possibility of integrated fiber electronics as an extension of application, the remaining challenges and future perspectives toward next‐generation smart systems and to facilitate their commercialization.
Carbon dioxide copolymers: Emerging sustainable materials for versatile applications
Authors: Cao Han , Wang Xianhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is cheap, renewable, abundant, and nontoxic carbon feedstocks in chemical reactions. In the past two decades, utilization of CO2 in polymer science has become a meaningful topic bridging two separate subjects, namely CO2 valorization and sustainable polymer synthesis. This review summarizes the recent progress in CO2 copolymer materials from synthesis to material performance adjustment, focusing on commercialized or potential commodity sustainable materials such as biodegradable polycarbonates and new structure polyurethanes from CO2‐polyol building blocks.
Electrolyte and anode‐electrolyte interphase in solid‐state lithium metal polymer batteries: A perspective
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Yuhui , Li Chunmei , Armand Michel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe interest for solid‐state lithium metal (Li°) batteries (SSLMBs) has been growing exponentially in recent years in view of their higher energy density and eliminated safety concerns. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are soft ionic conductors which can be easily processed into thin films at industrial level; these unique features confer solid‐state Li° polymer batteries (SSLMPBs, i.e., SSLMBs utilizing SPEs as electrolytes) distinct advantages compared to SSLMBs containing other electrolytes. In this article, we briefly review recent progresses and achievements in SSLMPBs including the improvement of ionic conductivity of SPEs and their interfacial stability with Li° anode. Moreover, we outline several advanced in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizing techniques which could assist in‐depth understanding of the anode‐electrolyte interphases in SSLMPBs. This article is hoped not only to update the state‐of‐the‐art in the research on SSLMPBs but also to bring intriguing insights that could improve the fundamental properties (e.g., transport, dendrite formation, and growth, etc.) and electrochemical performance of SSLMPBs.
Phylogeny, biogeography and systematics of Dysphanieae (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Uotila Pertti , Sukhorukov Alexander P. , Bobon Nadine , McDonald John , Krinitsina Anastasiya A. , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAfter a rather turbulent taxonomic history, Dysphanieae (Chenopodioideae, Amaranthaceae) were established to contain five genera, four of which are monospecific (Cycloloma, Neomonolepis, Suckleya, Teloxys) and geographically restricted, and the fifth genus, Dysphania, having a nearly worldwide distribution and comprising ca. 50 species. This study investigates the phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy of Dysphanieae. We studied specimens from 32 herbaria to infer morphological differences and distribution areas of the species and sampled 121 accessions representing 39 accepted species of the tribe for molecular phylogenetic analyses. The molecular phylogeny tested generic relationships of the tribe and infrageneric relationships of Dysphania on the basis of two plastid DNA markers (atpB‐rbcL spacer, rpl16 intron) and two nuclear ribosomal markers (ETS, ITS) and was also used for an ancestral area reconstruction with BioGeoBEARS. Three of the monospecific genera (Neomonolepis, Suckleya, Teloxys) form a basal grade and appear to be relictual lineages of the tribe, while Cycloloma is nested within Dysphania. The ancestral area reconstruction favors a widespread ancestry for Dysphanieae, and the relictual lineages in Asia (Teloxys) and North America (Neomonolepis, Suckleya) might be explained by a wide distribution across Beringia during the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene. Dysphania likely originated in North America; however, the simultaneous diversification into three major clades, an Asian/African, an American and an Australian/African clade, indicates a widespread ancestor at the crown node of Dysphania. Our taxonomic revision results in four accepted genera in Dysphanieae, Dysphania, Neomonolepis, Suckleya and Teloxys. The sectional subdivision for Dysphania is revised. We subdivide the genus into five sections, D. sect. Adenois (13 spp.), D. sect. Botryoides (10 spp.), D. sect. Dysphania (17 spp.), D. sect. Incisa (2 spp.) and D. sect. Margaritaria (4 spp.); three strongly deviating species remain unplaced and need further attention.
Looking in the rear‐view mirror—A 35 year retrospective on the Russian automotive industry
Authors: Gurkov Igor , Morley Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrawing on foundational arguments from the literature on emerging market institutional strategies, and employing a realist historical analysis, we present a retrospective on the Russian automotive industry. We begin by tracing the origins of the sector and synthesizing salient post World War II developments. We then recount the subsequent expansionary decade of the 1960s, followed by the stagnation of the late 1980s, culminating in the eventual collapse of socialism and the breakup of the USSR. Attracted by both the rapid growth in the local market, and the preferential tax rates that accompanied investments, we then document the swift expansion of production facilities in Russia by major global manufacturers in the 2000s. We show how eventually an ensuing sharp halt in local market growth, and an accompanying rise in spare production capacity, saw most manufacturers pursue institutional strategies aimed at obtaining new tax concessions and leveraging intraindustry cooperation, rather than divesting their recently established production facilities. Overall, our retrospective, in particular, calls attention to how global manufacturers were not only to acquire able and rejuvenate existing production facilities or install new greenfield ones, but also to exercise their agency in shaping the broader policy framework and in fashioning new sectoral institutions designed to buttress and sustain the industry.
The role of COX expression in the prognostication of overall survival of canine and feline cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Gregório Hugo , Magalhães Tomás R. , Pires Isabel , Prada Justina , Carvalho Maria I. , Queiroga Felisbina L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms‐1 and ‐2 have been extensively investigated in cancer. Although COX‐2 is the isoform most studied and has been described in several malignancies associated with histologic criteria of malignancy and worse prognosis, COX‐1 has also been linked to some forms of cancer. With the present review our aim was to summarize the current state of knowledge and clarify if and in which type of tumours COX‐1 and/or COX‐2 expression have real prognostic implications. We searched PubMed database for prognostic studies using predefined inclusion criteria in order to ascertain the prognostic value of COX‐1 and COX‐2 in malignant neoplasia in dogs and cats. Eighteen studies were analysed. COX‐2 was shown to be a negative prognostic factor in canine and feline mammary tumours, canine mast cell tumour, canine melanoma, canine osteosarcoma and canine renal cell carcinoma. COX‐1 showed a negative prognostic value in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found high heterogeneity among studies regarding COX immunohistochemical evaluation methodology even in the same type of neoplasia pointing out the need for its standardization at least by tumour type. The available data support the use of COX‐2 as a prognostic factor in canine (mammary carcinoma, mast cell tumour, melanoma, osteosarcoma and renal carcinoma) and feline (mammary carcinoma) cancers. For COX‐1, its use is advised in feline oral SCC.
Effects of Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine and their combination with Acepromazine on the intraocular pressure (IOP), tear secretion and pupil diameter in dogs
Authors: Aghababaei Ali , Ronagh Ali , Mosallanejad Bahman , Baniadam Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA great number of sedatives and anaesthetics have been used to perform surgeries or routine ophthalmologic examinations in animals and sometimes the combination of these medicines has more suitable effects than each one alone.ObjectivesThis paper aims to explore the main effects of Medetomidine + Acepromazine, Dexmedetomidine + Acepromazine on intraocular pressure, tear secretion and pupil diameter.MethodsTo accomplish the aforementioned aim, 32 adult dogs (aged one‐to‐three‐years‐old) were clinically examined. Dogs were divided into four groups consisting of group DA, Dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) + Acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg); Group D, Dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg); Group M, Medetomidine (10 µg/kg); Group MA, Medetomidine (10 µg/kg) + Acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg). The ocular factors including tear production, pupil diameter and intraocular pressure of both right and left eyes were first measured and then recorded in each dog at time T0 (−15 min). Afterwards, the drugs were administered intramuscularly, based on which the ocular factors were re‐measured at T1 (+5 min), T2 (+15 min) and T3 (+20 min). All four groups showed a reduction in intraocular pressure, which was significant in DA, D and M groups.ResultsFurthermore, there was a fluctuation in the amount of tear secretion in DA and D groups (increase and then decrease), as well as a significant reduction in M and MA groups. Decreasing in pupil diameter also occurred in all four groups, but the reduction was significant only in DA and MA groups.ConclusionAccording to the results obtained, as the changes caused by the systemic administration of the above drug compounds did not exceed the physiological range, it can be concluded that these combinations could be utilized as suitable sedatives or pre‐anaesthetic compounds in the eye surgeries.
Modeling of the spectroscopy of core electrons with density functional theory
Authors: Besley Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe availability of X‐ray light sources with increased resolution and intensity has provided a foundation for increasingly sophisticated experimental studies exploiting the spectroscopy of core electrons to probe fundamental chemical, physical, and biological processes. Quantum chemical calculations can play a critical role in the analysis of these experimental measurements. The relatively low computational cost of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) make them attractive choices for simulating the spectroscopy of core electrons. An overview of current developments to apply DFT and TDDFT to study the key techniques of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy, and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering is presented. Insight into the accuracy that can be achieved, in conjunction with an examination of the limitations and challenges to modeling the spectroscopy of core electrons with DFT is provided.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsTheoretical and Physical Chemistry > SpectroscopyElectronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Winter Habitat Selection by a Declining American Black Duck Population
Authors: MONROE KIRA C. , DAVIS J. BRIAN , MONROE ADRIAN P. , KAMINSKI RICHARD M. , GRAY MATTHEW J. , EVANS DAVID L. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAn understanding of habitat selection and patterns of use by American black ducks (Anas rubripes; hereafter black ducks) during winter is important ecologically and for conservation of this declining species in the mid‐continent population of its North American range. During winters 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, we obtained 3,816 locations of 111 radiomarked female black ducks captured at Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR), a waterfowl sanctuary closed to hunting and a wintering area for a significant portion of Mississippi Flyway black ducks. We determined the influence of diel period, hunting season, refuge, and distance to nearest road on habitat selection in both winters by fitting generalized linear mixed effects models and examining probabilities of selection. Top‐ranked models and habitat selection by black ducks differed somewhat each winter; however, through both winters black ducks used a complex of land cover types, including open water, cropland, and forested, emergent herbaceous, and scrub‐shrub wetlands. Black ducks also had greater probability of selecting: 1) emergent or scrub‐shrub wetlands, especially at night, than other land cover types; 2) areas on TNWR than off the refuge; and 3) areas closer to roads and levees. Our results emphasize the importance of a complex of land cover types and sanctuary with minimal human disturbance at TNWR for black ducks wintering in Tennessee, USA. Managed emergent herbaceous wetlands and croplands and also scrub‐shrub wetlands may be particularly important components of complexes because they provide foraging, roosting, and pairing habitats for wintering black ducks. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Exact WKB analysis of the vacuum pair production by time-dependent electric fields
Authors: Taya Hidetoshi , Fujimori Toshiaki , Misumi Tatsuhiro , Nitta Muneto , Sakai Norisuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the vacuum pair production by a time-dependent strong electric field based on the exact WKB analysis. We identify the generic structure of a Stokes graph for systems with the vacuum pair production and show that the number of produced pairs is given by a product of connection matrices for Stokes segments connecting pairs of turning points. We derive an explicit formula for the number of produced pairs, assuming the semi-classical limit. The obtained formula can be understood as a generalization of the divergent asymptotic series method by Berry, and is consistent with other semi-classical methods such as the worldline instanton method and the steepest descent evaluation of the Bogoliubov coefficients done by Brezin and Izykson. We also use the formula to discuss effects of time-dependence of the applied strong electric field including the interplay between the perturbative multi-photon pair production and non-peturbative Schwinger mechanism, and the dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism.
Nitrogen removal processes in lakes of different trophic states from on-site measurements and historic data
Authors: Müller Beat , Thoma Raoul , Baumann Kathrin B. L. , Callbeck Cameron M. , Schubert Carsten J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFreshwater lakes are essential hotspots for the removal of excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads transported from the land to coastal oceans. The biogeochemical processes responsible for N removal, the corresponding transformation rates and overall removal efficiencies differ between lakes, however, it is unclear what the main controlling factors are. Here, we investigated the factors that moderate the rates of N removal under contrasting trophic states in two lakes located in central Switzerland. In the eutrophic Lake Baldegg and the oligotrophic Lake Sarnen, we specifically examined seasonal sediment porewater chemistry, organic matter sedimentation rates, as well as 33-year of historic water column data. We find that the eutrophic Lake Baldegg, which contributed to the removal of 20 ± 6.6 gN m−2 year−1, effectively removed two-thirds of the total areal N load. In stark contrast, the more oligotrophic Lake Sarnen contributed to 3.2 ± 4.2 gN m−2 year−1, and had removed only one-third of the areal N load. The historic dataset of the eutrophic lake revealed a close linkage between annual loads of dissolved N (DN) and removal rates (NRR = 0.63 × DN load) and a significant correlation of the concentration of bottom water nitrate and removal rates. We further show that the seasonal increase in N removal rates of the eutrophic lake correlated significantly with seasonal oxygen fluxes measured across the water–sediment interface (R2 = 0.75). We suggest that increasing oxygen enhances sediment mineralization and stimulates nitrification, indirectly enhancing denitrification activity.
Mapping and validating stem rust resistance genes directly in self-incompatible genetic resources of winter rye
Authors: Gruner Paul , Schmitt Anne-Kristin , Flath Kerstin , Piepho Hans-Peter , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
Individual stem rust resistance genes could be directly mapped within self-incompatible rye populations.

Abstract
Genetic resources of rye (Secale cereale L.) are cross-pollinating populations that can be highly diverse and are naturally segregating. In this study, we show that this segregation could be used for mapping stem rust resistance. Populations of pre-selected donors from the Russian Federation, the USA and Austria were tested on a single-plant basis for stem rust resistance by a leaf-segment test with three rust isolates. Seventy-four plants per population were genotyped with a 10 K-SNP chip. Using cumulative logit models, significant associations between the ordinal infection score and the marker alleles could be found. Three different loci (Pgs1, Pgs2, Pgs3) in three populations were highly significant, and resistance-linked markers could be validated with field experiments of an independent seed sample from the original population and were used to fix two populations for resistance. We showed that it is possible to map monogenically inherited seedling resistance genes directly in genetic resources, thus providing a competitive alternative to linkage mapping approaches that require a tedious and time-consuming inbreeding over several generations.
The impact of tool point angle and interlayer gap width on interface borehole quality in drilling CFRP/titanium stacks
Authors: Pardo Andrea , Le Gall Julie , Heinemann Robert , Bagshaw Luke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough substantial research work has been conducted in order to understand and improve the drilling of multi-material aerospace stacks, some key aspects related to process and tool parameters and their impact on the interface quality still need to be addressed. This paper reports on the research conducted to investigate the impact of tool point angle and interlayer gap width on borehole quality, focussing on the interface region. A number of drilling tests were carried out using tools with different point angles and CFRP/titanium stacks with different interlayer gap widths. The results show that the damage on the CFRP interlayer surface is caused by the drilling of the titanium layer, as some of the upwards-travelling titanium chips penetrate into the stack interface. An increase in tool point angle results in larger entry burrs on the titanium interlayer surface, which is attributed to the correlation between tool point angle and thrust force and the capability of tools with low point angles to remove damage generated by surface skidding. The introduction of an interlayer gap promotes the ingress of titanium chips into the stack interface, thereby leading to more pronounced interface damage.
A placebo-controlled study of the effects of ayahuasca, set and setting on mental health of participants in ayahuasca group retreats
Authors: Uthaug M. V. , Mason N. L. , Toennes S. W. , Reckweg J. T. , de Sousa Fernandes Perna E. B. , Kuypers K. P. C. , van Oorsouw K. , Riba J. , Ramaekers J. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAyahuasca is a plant concoction containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and certain β-carboline alkaloids from South America. Previous research in naturalistic settings has suggested that ingestion of ayahuasca can improve mental health and well-being; however, these studies were not placebo controlled and did not control for the possibility of expectation bias. This naturalistic observational study was designed to assess whether mental health changes were produced by ayahuasca or by set and setting. Assessments were made pre- and post-ayahuasca sessions in 30 experienced participants of ayahuasca retreats hosted in the Netherlands, Spain, and Germany. Participants consumed ayahuasca (N = 14) or placebo (N = 16). Analysis revealed a main effect of time on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Compared to baseline, symptoms reduced in both groups after the ceremony, independent of treatment. There was a main treatment × time interaction on implicit emotional empathy, indicating that ayahuasca increased emotional empathy to negative stimuli. The current findings suggest that improvements in mental health of participants of ayahuasca ceremonies can be driven by non-pharmacological factors that constitute a placebo response but also by pharmacological factors that are related to the use of ayahuasca. These findings stress the importance of placebo-controlled designs in psychedelic research and the need to further explore the contribution of non-pharmacological factors to the psychedelic experience.