bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance Force in Three Types of Primary Molar Crowns: Milled by CAD\CAM, 3D Dental Printed, and Composite Celluloid Crowns
Authors: Al-Halabi Mohammed Nour , Bshara Nada , Comisi John C. , Nassar Jihad Abou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective This study compares three types of esthetic crowns in fracture resistance force (FRF) and failure type: (1) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) milled by computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD\CAM), (2) resin-based material via three-dimensional (3D) dental printer, and (3) direct composite celluloid crowns technique in primary molars.
Material and Methods Thirty lower second primary molar were randomized into three experimental groups consisting of ten molars for each: group A:CAD\CAM crowns using PMMA blocks; group B: 3D dental printer to fabricate crowns using glycidyl carbamate photopolymer resin; group C: Selected teeth crowned using direct resin composite celluloid crowns. The three groups (A, B, and C) were stored in water at 37°C for 30 days. The FRFs for the experimental crowned teeth were measured using a universal test machine (Testometric) until fracture and the values compared with the mean maximum bite force of children in the primary dentition. FRFs and failure types were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the groups in FRF testing. Bonferroni test was used for multiple-correction comparison in comparing force needed to fracture the specimens in the three groups. A significant difference was noticed between groups B-C (p = 0.000) and groups A-C (p = 0.000). No significant statistical differences were noted between groups A-B (p = 0.325) in FRF scores. In failure type, no statistical differences were noted when comparing groups, A and B, groups B and C, but comparing groups A and C showed statistical differences in chi-square statistical test.
Conclusion The three tested esthetic crowns exceeded the mean maximum bite force of children in the primary dentition; thus, they can be expected to perform well clinically. Even though using an indirect technique (CAD\CAM milling and 3D printer) showed a higher score in FRF, direct composite celluloid crowns technique can be beneficial since it is easier to repair and still is a useful modality.
A Novel Acellular Dermal Scaffold Prepared Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Energy for the Repair of Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed M. , Helal Mohamed H. , Aboushelib Moustafa N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate a naturally derived acellular dermal scaffold for soft tissue reconstruction using high-intensity focused ultrasound energy (HIFU).
Materials and Methods Acellular dermal scaffolds (ADSs) were prepared by purification of bovine skin. Half of the scaffolds were subjected to high-intensity focused ultrasound energy (HIFU) to modify collagen structure, whereas the other half was used as control. A large skin defect was made in the dorsum of white mice, and the scaffolds were used to cover the induced defects. Wound healing was evaluated histologically after 2, 6, and 12 weeks using common and specific stained sections (n = 20).
Statistical Analysis Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis (α= 0.05; n = 20).
Results After 2 weeks, all examined specimens revealed the presence of inflammatory cellular infiltration and early immature blood vessel formation. After 6 weeks, inflammatory cellular infiltration was reduced, with evidence of maturation of new blood vessels observed for all groups. After 12 weeks, there was a significant increase (F = 124, p < 0.01) in new collagen formation and count of mature blood vessels observed for the HIFU group compared with control. Evidence of remodeling of new collagen fibers and biodegradation of the grafts was also observed.
Conclusions HIFU-modified ADSs enhanced wound healing and could be used to cover large soft tissue defects.
Assessing Insights and Practices among Graduates to Signify the Need for Dental Ergonomics within the Dental Curriculum: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sarfaraz Shaur , Gore Mohsina Hamid , Askari Marium Abbas , Imran Shayan , Khurshid Zohaib , Adnan Samira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of ergonomics among dental graduates in Karachi.
Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine from December 2019 to April 2020. The study was performed among 174 dental graduates (house officers) in Karachi, using a modified, validated, closed-ended questionnaire. For statistical analysis, SPSS software (version 21) was used for descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies. The tests applied were independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation to compare and check the correlation between the variables. The p-value used was ≤ 0.05.
Results Among 200 dental graduates, only 174 responses were analyzed in SPSS version 21. Females (78.2%) were more in number than males (21.8%), with most of them aged >23 years (59.1%). Of the study population, 78.7% graduates worked 4 to 6 hours per day, and more than half of the graduates (58%) did not do physical exercise outside work. Furthermore, we found that the majority of responders had a fair knowledge of ergonomic principles, where a total of 134 (77%) dental graduates had a positive attitude towards its implementation, however this was not reflected in their practices as 128 (73.6%) graduates has poor practices related to ergonomics. It was also found that knowledge and practices of ergonomics had a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.263, p = 0.001). Moreover, males were more positive about implementing and practicing ergonomics then females with a significant association (p = 0.001).
Conclusions A majority of the dental graduates (house officers) in this present study had a reasonable knowledge of ergonomics and its principles also showed positivity but an only small number of them practiced dental ergonomics. This study recommends the need for including dental ergonomics in the academic curriculum of clinical years of both dental undergraduate and postgraduate studies and also conducts workshops to develop faculty to reinforce its importance.
Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Periodontitis among Saudi Population
Authors: Elfasakhany Fathy M. , Al-Qahtani Omaima N. , Badri Asmaa M. , Abuelela Hala A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in the development of periodontitis. We aimed to assess the relation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms and the susceptibility of periodontitis in Saudi population in Makkah region.
Materials and Methods In total, 86 unrelated patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and 86 controls were enrolled in this study. Evaluation of the periodontal state was performed by using plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment loss. Extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral blood and genotyping of VDR gene ApaI G/T (rs7975232) and TaqI T/C (rs731236) polymorphisms were performed by utilizing polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion.
Results There were statistically significant differences between both groups regarding the mean bleeding on probing, mean probing depth, mean plaque index, and the mean attachment level (p < 0.001) indicating that the matching based on the investigated groups was adequate. The examined populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of the genotype and allele frequencies of both VDR ApaI and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that they were statistically indifferent between the control group and the periodontitis subjects (p> 0.05).
Conclusion These results suggested that VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms might not be related to the susceptibility of periodontal disease in the Saudi subjects in Makkah region.
The Effect of Femoral Malrotation in Offset Templating for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study and Curvilinear Analysis
Authors: Schutte Harold Del , Navarro Sergio M. , Shaikh Hashim , Barfield William R. , Conrad Jeffrey , Romero Neil , McTighe Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTechniques allow assessment of preoperative offset in hip arthroplasty. This study assessed femoral rotation in preoperative offset templating using a cadaveric model. Ten femurs were imaged at degrees of rotation. Offset was measured. A generalizable equation predicting change in offset was derived with a curvilinear model. Statistically significant differences at rotational positions were found. For 30 degrees of internal rotation, 2.1 mm change in adjusted mean offset existed; for 30 degrees of external rotation, 8.4 mm change existed. Improved awareness of malrotation of the proximal femur and templating adjustments may improve total hip arthroplasty outcomes. This study reflects level of evidence III.
Understanding Pacemaker-Induced Cardiomyopathy Incidence and Predictors in Patients with Right Ventricular Pacing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Setianto Budhi , Iqbal Mohammad , Prawara Ananta Siddhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to figure out the incidence and predictors of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in patients with right ventricular (RV) pacing. We systematically searched in PubMed on March 18, 2020, for English language abstract and full-article journals, using the following criteria: pacemaker induced cardiomyopathy AND right ventricular AND pacemaker AND patients AND human NOT implantable cardioverter defibrillator NOT ICD NOT animal. Four studies were included in this review after filtering 35 studies through year of publication and abstract selection. The average PICM incidence from 1,365 patients included from the four studies was 10.7 to 13.7%. One study stated that preimplantation left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was the predictor for the development of PICM. Three studies mentioned that RV pacing burden was the predictor for the development of PICM. However, the percentage differ in three studies: ≥20, >40, and 60%. In addition, one of the studies also included interventricular dyssynchrony as another predictor. The incidence of PICM in patients with RV pacing ranged from 10.7 to 13.7%. Preimplantation LVEF, interventricular dyssynchrony, and burden of RV pacing are reported as the predictors for the development of PICM in patients with RV pacing.
Management of Acute Anastomotic Leaks
Authors: Hedrick Traci L. , Kane William 
Published: October 2021

AbstractManagement of the acute anastomotic leak is complex and patient-specific. Clinically stable patients often benefit from a nonoperative approach utilizing antibiotics with or without percutaneous drainage. Clinically unstable patients or nonresponders to conservative management require operative intervention. Surgical management is dictated by the degree of contamination and inflammation but includes drainage with proximal diversion, anastomotic resection with end-stoma creation, or reanastomosis with proximal diversion. Newer therapies, including colorectal stenting, vacuum-assisted rectal drainage, and endoscopic clipping, have also been described.
Four-Corner Arthrodesis: Comparative Analysis of Open Technique Versus Percutaneous Technique with Arthroscopic Assistance
Authors: Azócar Camila , Lecaros Juan J. , Bernal Nazira , Sanhueza Miguel , Liendo Rodrigo , Cifras José L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Four-corner arthrodesis is a salvage technique for patients with carpal advanced osteoarthritis. Nowadays, percutaneous techniques with arthroscopic assistance have been described, achieving favorable results with minimally invasive techniques advantages over open surgery.
Objective To compare functional and radiological results in patients with SLAC or SNAC wrists operated with open surgical technique versus percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance.
Materials and Methods Retrospective case-control study of clinical records and radiological images of patients with carpal advanced osteoarthritis operated with both surgical techniques. We studied demographic variables, pain with visual analog scale (VAS) score, function in ranges of mobility, time of consolidation, and correction of DISI deformity.
Results A total of 22 male patients with an average age of 32.5 years were studied. Thirteen patients in the case group (percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance) and nine patients in the control group (open surgery). Pain score in VAS at discharge was 3 for cases and 5 in controls (p = 0.008), and at 30 days postoperatively, it was 0 and 3 respectively (p = 0.00). The extension and flexion ranges were 52.6°and 38.7° in the cases and 35.7° and 32.4° in the control group (p = 0.119 and 0.0016, respectively). The capitolunate angle was 10°in the controls and 5°in the cases (p = 0.0008). The time of consolidation was 8.8 weeks in cases and 12.5 weeks in controls (p = 0.039).
Conclusions The percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance for the 4-courner arthrodesis is a reproducible technique and is effective in achieving consolidation, pain reduction and preservation of wrist motion. In the present study, we demonstrate superiority of this technique over the open surgery.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, therapeutic study.
CT Scan versus Saline Load Test for Detection of Traumatic Wrist Arthrotomy
Authors: Perloff Eric , Posner Andrew , Murtaza Hamza , Vig Khushdeep , Smith Michael , Mulligan Michael T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Traumatic arthrotomy of the wrist is most commonly detected using the saline load test (SLT); however, little data exists on the effectiveness of the SLT to this specific joint. The use of computed tomography (CT) scan has been validated as an alternative method to detect traumatic arthrotomy of the knee, as the presence of intra-articular air can be seen when there is violation of the joint capsule.
Question/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of CT scan to identify arthrotomy of the wrist capsule and compare the diagnostic performance of CT versus traditional SLT.
Materials and Methods Ten fresh frozen cadavers which had undergone transhumeral amputation were initially used in this study. A baseline CT scan was performed to ensure no intra-articular air existed prior to intervention. After baseline CT, an arthrotomy was created at the 6R radiocarpal portal site. The wrists then underwent a postarthrotomy CT to identify the presence or absence of intra-articular air. Following CT, the wrists were subjected to the SLT to detect the presence of extravasation from the arthrotomy.
Results Nine cadavers were included following baseline CT scan. Following arthrotomy, intra-articular air was visualized in eight of the nine cadavers in the postarthrotomy CT scan. Air was seen in the radiocarpal joint in eight of the nine wrists; midcarpal joint in seven of the nine wrists; and distal radioulnar joint in six of the nine wrists. All wrists (nine of the nine) demonstrated extravasation during the SLT. The mean volume of extravasation occurred at 3.7 mL (standard deviation = 2.6 mL), with a range of 1 to 7 mL.
Conclusion CT scan correctly identified eight of the nine simulated traumatic arthrotomies. Injection of 7 mL during the SLT was necessary to identify 100% of the arthrotomies.
Clinical Relevance CT scan is a sensitive modality for detection of traumatic arthrotomy of the wrist in a cadaveric model.
Intra-Articular Administration of a Synthetic Lubricin in Canine Stifles
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Bourgeois Alexandria , Lopez Daniel , Caserto Brian G. , Berthelsen Erin , Krotscheck Ursula , Reesink Heidi L. , Kim Sun Young , Putnam David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional, systemic, synovial and articular changes after intra-articular administration of a synthetic lubricin within healthy canine stifles.Study Design A prospective randomized blinded placebo-controlled study composed of 10 dogs equally divided into either a treatment group (intra-articular synthetic lubricin injection, n = 5) or control group (saline, n = 5). Clinical (orthopaedic examination, gait observation, gait analysis), biochemical (complete blood count and biochemistry profile) and local tissue outcomes (joint fluid analysis, joint capsule and articular cartilage histopathology) were evaluated over a time period of 3 months.Results No significant differences between the treatment group and control group were identified with regard to baseline patient parameters. No clinically significant orthopaedic examination abnormalities, gait abnormalities, biochemical alterations, joint fluid alterations or histopathological alterations were identified over the course of the study.Conclusion The synthetic lubricin studied herein is both biocompatible and safe for a single administration within the canine stifle joint. Further research is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the synthetic lubricin in canine osteoarthritic joints.
Spin in Schrödinger-quantized pseudoclassical systems
Authors: Allen Theodore J. 
Published: October 2021

We examine the construction of the spin angular momentum in systems with pseudoclassical Grassmann variables. In constrained systems, there are many different algebraic forms for the dynamical variables that will all agree on the constraint surface. For the angular momentum, a particular form of the generators is preferred, which yields superselection sectors of irreducible spinc(n) representations rather than reducible so(n) representations when quantized in the Schrödinger realization.
Nonlinear resonance decomposition for weak signal detection
Authors: Qiao Zijian , Liu Jian , Xu Xuefang , Yin Anmin , Shu Xuedao 
Published: October 2021

This paper attempts to investigate the behaviors of coupling stochastic resonance (CSR) subject to α-stable noise and a periodic signal by using the residence-time ratio. Then, a nonlinear resonance decomposition is designed to successfully enhance and detect weak unknown multi-frequency signals embedded in strong α-stable noise by decomposing the noisy signal into a series of useful resonant components and a residue, where the residence-time ratio, instead of the output signal-to-noise ratio and other objective functions depending on the prior knowledge of the signals to be detected, can optimize the CSR to enhance weak unknown signals. Finally, the nonlinear resonance decomposition is used to process the raw vibration signal of rotating machinery. It is found that the nonlinear resonance decomposition is able to decompose the weak characteristic signal and its harmonics, identifying the imbalance fault of the rotor. Even the proposed method is superior to the empirical mode decomposition method in this experiment. This research is helpful to design the noise enhanced signal decomposition techniques by harvesting the energy of noise to enhance and decompose the useful resonant components from a nonstationary and nonlinear signal.
Temperature-dependent characteristics for the p-type CuO gate HEMT and high-k HfO2 MIS-HEMT on the Si substrates
Authors: Zhao Yaopeng , Wang Chong , Zheng Xuefeng , He Yunlong , Ma Xiaohua , Liu Kai , Li Ang , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2021

This work presents the temperature-dependent characteristics of the thin-barrier Al0.45Ga0.55N/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), p-type CuO gate HEMT, and high-k HfO2 metal–insulator–semiconductor HEMT (MIS-HEMT). As the temperature rises from 20 to 300 °C, the maximum trans-conductance of the HfO2 MIS-HEMT and CuO gate HEMT reduces by 56.9% and 43.2%, respectively. The sub-threshold swing of the CuO gate HEMT is smaller than that of the HfO2 device when the temperature reaches 300 °C. According to the C–V test results from 20 to 300 °C, the relative dielectric constant of CuO increases from 18.1 to 47.4, whereas HfO2 has a relatively stable dielectric constant. The calculation models are presented to investigate the effect of the dielectric constant on the drain current and the trans-conductance. The calculated results show that the maximum transconductance of the HfO2 MIS-HEMT and CuO gate HEMT decreases by 52.3% and 38.9%, respectively, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Development of hand-held needle–ring–ring self-excited plasma device
Authors: Li Hua , Zhang Yuhan , Meng Linbo , Du Xiaoxia , Xiao Wenxiang 
Published: October 2021

Copper is deposited in the holes of two perforated printed circuit boards to form copper rings with a width of 1.5 mm, a thickness of 1.6 mm, and diameters of 10 and 7 mm, respectively. The resulting structures form ground electrodes. A plate with a diameter of 10 mm is placed above a plate with a diameter of 7 mm to ensure that the distance between the two electrode rings is 2.5 mm. Meanwhile, a tungsten needle with a diameter of 1.1 mm is placed 6 mm directly above the coaxial position of the 7 mm diameter plate as the needle electrode. The needle–ring–ring electrode structure is designed to achieve stable synchronous discharge from each unit. The shell of the device is made using 3D printing technology. The displacement of active substances on the agar plate by the needle–ring–ring self-excited plasma jet is visualized using the starch–potassium iodide reagent. The results indicate that the device produces a better sterilization effect than traditional sterilizing devices and that no hollow, annular, unsterilized part is produced. In addition, the macroscopic temperature of the self-excited emission stream is detected. The human body detects no obvious burning or tactile sensation from the plasma.
A Bayesian neural network predicts the dissolution of compact planetary systems
Authors: Cranmer Miles , Tamayo Daniel , Rein Hanno , Battaglia Peter , Hadden Samuel , Armitage Philip J. , Ho Shirley , Spergel David N. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Despite over 300 y of effort, no solutions exist for predicting when a general planetary configuration will become unstable. We introduce a deep learning architecture to push forward this problem for compact systems. While current machine learning algorithms in this area rely on scientist-derived instability metrics, our new technique learns its own metrics from scratch, enabled by a internal structure inspired from dynamics theory. Our model can quickly and accurately predict instability timescales in compact multiplanet systems, and does so with an accurate uncertainty estimate for unfamiliar systems. This opens up the development of fast terrestrial planet formation models, and enables the efficient exploration of stable regions in parameter space for multiplanet systems.
Surface densities prewet a near-critical membrane
Authors: Rouches Mason , Veatch Sarah L. , Machta Benjamin B. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Proteins capable of separating into three-dimensional liquid droplets in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells sometimes assemble in a two-dimensional form at membranes. These surface densities, enriched in specific proteins and lipids, often play decisive roles in cell signaling and membrane organization. Here a theoretical approach suggests that surface densities resemble prewet surface phases held together through a combination of two-dimensional membrane-mediated forces and three-dimensional protein interactions. The emergent physics of these liquid surface phases enable their roles both as dynamic scaffolds and as cooperative switches that propagate signals between the membrane and bulk.