bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does uterine contractile activity affect the success of trial of labour after caesarean section, and the risk of uterine rupture? An exploratory, blinded analysis of a cohort from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hautakangas TM , Uotila JT , Huhtala HSA , Palomäki OL 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of uterine contractile activity on the outcome of trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC).DesignSecondary, blinded analyses of a prospective TOLAC cohort.SettingTwo labour wards, one in a university tertiary hospital and the other in a central hospital.PopulationA total of 194 TOLAC parturients with intrauterine tocodynamometry during labour.MethodsAnalysis of intrauterine pressure, frequency of contractions and baseline tonus of uterine muscle in 30‐minute periods for 4 hours before birth.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: uterine contractile activity during TOLAC. Secondary aims: contributors associated with failed TOLAC and uterine rupture.ResultsTOLAC succeeded in 74% of cases. Uterine contractile activity, expressed as intrauterine pressure, was significantly higher in successful TOLAC compared with failed TOLAC (210 versus 170 Montevideo units). The statistically significant risk factors of failed TOLAC, after multivariate regression analysis, were prolonged gestational age, reduced cervical dilatation at admission and lower mean intrauterine pressure. In cases of uterine rupture, contractile activity did not differ from that in failed TOLAC. Cervical ripening with a Foley catheter appeared to be a risk factor for uterine rupture, as well as cervical dilatation <3 cm at admission. The incidence of total uterine rupture was 2.6% (n = 5).ConclusionsWomen with successful vaginal birth had higher uterine contractile activity than those experiencing failed TOLAC or uterine rupture despite similar use of oxytocin. Induction of labour with a Foley catheter turned out to be a risk factor for uterine rupture during TOLAC among parturients with no previous vaginal delivery.Tweetable abstractDuring VBAC the response to oxytocin, assessed as intrauterine pressure, is greater and adequate, in contrast to failed TOLAC.
The effect of hormone replacement therapy on the survival of UK women: a retrospective cohort study 1984−2017
Authors: Akter N , Kulinskaya E , Steel N , Bakbergenuly I 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of estrogen‐only and combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the hazards of overall and age‐specific all‐cause mortality in healthy women aged 46–65 at first prescription.DesignMatched cohort study.SettingElectronic primary care records from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database, UK (1984−2017).Population105 199 HRT users (cases) and 224 643 non‐users (controls) matched on age and general practice.MethodsWeibull‐Double‐Cox regression models adjusted for age at first treatment, birth cohort, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hypertension treatment, coronary heart disease, oophorectomy, hysterectomy, body mass index, smoking and deprivation status.Main outcome measuresAll‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 21 751 women died over an average of 13.5 years follow‐up per participant, of whom 6329 were users and 15 422 non‐users. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of overall all‐cause mortality in combined HRT users was 0.91 (95% CI 0.88−0.94), and in estrogen‐only users was 0.99 (0.93−1.07), compared with non‐users. Age‐specific adjusted HRs for participants aged 46–50, 51–55, 56–60 and 61–65 years at first treatment were 0.98 (0.92−1.04), 0.87 (0.82−0.92), 0.88 (0.82−0.93) and 0.92 (0.85−0.98) for combined HRT users compared with non‐users, and 1.01 (0.84−1.21), 1.03 (0.89−1.18), 0.98 (0.86−1.12) and 0.93 (0.81−1.07) for estrogen‐only users, respectively.ConclusionsCombined HRT was associated with a 9% lower risk of all‐cause mortality and estrogen‐only formulation was not associated with any significant changes.Tweetable abstractEstrogen‐only HRT is not associated with all‐cause mortality and combined HRT reduces the risks.
Origin of Quartz Cement in the Paleogene Sandstone Reservoir of Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: KASHIF Muhammad , CAO Yingchang , DIN Nizam Ud , SIDDIQUE Uzair , XI Kelai , REHMAN Faisal , AHMED Noor , GU Xihao , GAGHMAN Mohammad Saleh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe precipitation of authigenic quartz plays a significant role to reduce the reservoir characteristics and enhance the stiffness of the rock. The Es1 sandstone of Shahejie Formation is acting as a significant hydrocarbon producing rock in the Nanpu Sag. Various methods like thin section petrography, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscope (SEM, with EDS), and electron microprobe analysis has been used to reveal the origin of quartz cement as well as to evaluate the effect of quartz cement on reservoir quality. The studied sandstone is classified as immature to mature feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose and consists of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments and micas. Petrographic studies and SEM analysis shows that the authigenic quartz is acting a significant cement that reduces the reservoir quality. Whereas clay minerals (kaolinite and mixed layer illite to smectite) are dominant in the Es1 sandstone, that can reduce the reservoir quality. SEM, CL and thin section analysis reveal that there are two stages of quartz cement in the studied samples; that are pore filling authigenic cement and quartz overgrowth cement. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures shows that stages of quartz cement were developed with continuous process from 70°C to 130°C. Quartz cements were generally originated from I/S reaction, feldspar dissolution, conversion of rock fragments and pressure solution. Feldspar dissolution (K‐feldspar) and kaolinite to illite reaction is an insignificant silica source for the silica cement which is internally precipitated in a close system with diffusion transporting mechanism. Overall, quartz cement significantly enhance the rock strengthen and brittleness effectively as well as it reduce the overall reservoir quality.
Can Auditors Improve Their Judgment by Drawing on the Crowd Within?†
Authors: Zimbelman Aaron F. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether auditors can improve their judgment by drawing on the crowd within—that is, making the same judgment twice and averaging the two responses. Improvements in judgment are of special interest to auditors given that poor judgment threatens audit effectiveness and efficiency. The results from my experiment suggest that drawing on the crowd within helps auditors better use their task‐relevant knowledge, leading to more accurate auditor judgments relative to the judgments of an expert panel. Also, auditors can employ different task‐relevant knowledge that leads to more justifiable judgments when they are prompted (vs. not prompted) to make a limited, intuitive initial judgment as they draw on the crowd within. Overall, auditors appear to increase their task‐relevant knowledge as they develop expertise but do not appear to better use that knowledge absent intervention. Auditors can manipulate how they draw on the crowd within to achieve different audit objectives—for example, accuracy versus justifiability.
Gaslighting Citizens
Authors: Beerbohm Eric , W. Davis Ryan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGaslighting brings its victims to doubt the sources of their evidence. This article holds that political gaslighting, by leading citizens to hold beliefs disconnected from the available evidence, poses a distinctive threat to democratic politics. But holding “audacious beliefs”—beliefs that are ahead of the evidence—can serve as a core ingredient for democratic movements. This creates a dilemma for citizens, who must choose between two kinds of evidential policies. How can they protect themselves from gaslighting without rendering themselves insusceptible to the mobilizing efforts central to democratic politics? Citizens, then, face a standing challenge: to remain open to the bully pulpit while vigilant against the gaslighter's epistemic bullying.
Associations between visual function and ultrastructure of the macula and optic disc after childhood cataract surgery
Authors: Hansen Mathias Møller , Bach Holm Daniella , Kessel Line 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between visual function and ultrastructural characteristics of the retina and optic disc in children operated for cataract and factors influencing this relationship.MethodsWe included 56 children aged 7–18 years who had been operated for bilateral or unilateral cataract. Three‐dimensional swept source OCT scans of the macula and the optic disc were obtained using the Triton OCT (Topcon, Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Best corrected distance visual acuity was measured using the HOTV 3 Meter visual chart. Contrast vision was evaluated using the Freiburg Visual Acuity Contrast Test (FrACT). Healthy fellow eyes of the unilateral group were used as control eyes.ResultsWe did not find any associations between visual acuity or contrast sensitivity and structural retinal parameters. Shorter axial length, the presence of glaucoma and pseudophakia (opposed to aphakia) were all significant predictors of greater mean macular thickness in a multiple regression analysis, (p = 0.039). Two children had foveal hypoplasia, and one child had a right eye with a thin, disorganized retina.ConclusionsChildren with pseudophakia have a thicker macula but this does not seem to be related to visual function. Obtaining high quality OCT scans of the macula and optic disc in severely visually impaired children with glaucoma and/or nystagmus is challenging. We found structural macular changes which contributed to poor vision but most eyes with very reduced vision were difficult to image, and the prevalence of structural changes may be underestimated.
Association between adherence to oral therapies in cancer patients and clinical outcome: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lasala Ruggero , Santoleri Fiorenzo 
Published: November 2021

AimsAdherence to therapy is a key factor in successful treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the extent to which patients with better adherence to oral therapy have better clinical outcomes among cancer patients.MethodsAll studies published in PubMed up to 20 October 2020, which considered the use of oral anticancer drugs for cancer patients and which correlated treatment adherence with a clinical outcome, were considered.ResultsFrom the 42 studies considered in the systematic review, 14 were for oncological indications and 28 for haematological indications. There was considerable variance in calculation methods, outcomes considered, and in the definitions of adherence. However, it emerged that most studies reported a significant correlation between adherence to therapy and clinical outcome.ConclusionAs adherence to therapy is a key factor in achieving a better clinical outcome, future studies with large samples, robust endpoints and the use of at least two methods of assessing adherence would be desirable in order to produce more robust evidence.
Disentangling climatic and nest predator impact on reproductive output reveals adverse high‐temperature effects regardless of helper number in an arid‐region cooperative bird
Authors: D’Amelio Pietro B. , Ferreira André C. , Fortuna Rita , Paquet Matthieu , Silva Liliana R. , Theron Franck , Doutrelant Claire , Covas Rita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate exerts a major influence on reproductive processes, and an understanding of the mechanisms involved and which factors might mitigate adverse weather is fundamental under the ongoing climate change. Here, we study how weather and nest predation influence reproductive output in a social species, and examine whether larger group sizes can mitigate the adverse effects of these factors. We used a 7‐year nest predator‐exclusion experiment on an arid‐region cooperatively breeding bird, the sociable weaver. We found that dry and, especially, hot weather were major drivers of nestling mortality through their influence on nest predation. However, when we experimentally excluded nest predators, these conditions were still strongly associated with nestling mortality. Group size was unimportant against nest predation and, although positively associated with reproductive success, it did not mitigate the effects of adverse weather. Hence, cooperative breeding might have a limited capacity to mitigate extreme weather effects.
Observed parenting aspects of child compliance in custodial grandfamilies
Authors: Portner Laura Collier , Kaminski Patricia L. , Hayslip Bert , Smith Gregory C. , Litvin Justin M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored differences between the observed parenting behaviors of custodial grandmothers (CGMs) with grandchildren varying in symptoms of hyperactivity–inattention (HI).BackgroundLittle is known about the parenting practices of grandparent caregivers, and most extant studies are based on self‐report data rather than direct observations of grandparent–grandchild interactions.MethodCustodial grandmothers (N = 170) completed ratings of grandchild HI and participated in a dyadic interaction task with their grandchild so that the relative positivity of their comments and type and number of their commands could be coded. We also coded grandchildren's behavioral responses to each of their CGM's commands.ResultsControlling for child age, there were no differences in parenting variables between high and low HI groups. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, controlling for child age, child HI did moderate the relationship between commands given by a grandmother and child compliance, where children lower in HI were more likely than children high in HI symptoms to comply in the face of high levels of commands. In general, however, CGMs were effective in eliciting child compliance. A second hierarchical regression model, also controlling for child age, suggested that for some children, grandmothers’ encouragement and praise (vs. criticism and discouragement) was an effective method of gaining compliance without overrelying on commands.ConclusionThis study revealed complex relationships among positive and negative parenting practices, direct and indirect commands, and compliance. Such relationships transcend grandchild HI status but, in part, vary with grandchild age.ImplicationsThis study provides unique insights into the childrearing practices of CGMs and has implications for interventions targeting grandparent caregivers’ parenting skills.
Gendering boundary work: Experiences of work–family practices among Finnish working parents during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Otonkorpi‐Lehtoranta Katri , Salin Milla , Hakovirta Mia , Kaittila Anniina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the spring of 2020, the COVID‐19 outbreak and governmental lockdowns changed the everyday lives of families with children worldwide. Due to remote work recommendations and the closing of school premises and childcare centers, work–family boundaries became blurred in many families. In this study, we examine the possibly gendered boundary work practices among Finnish parents during the COVID‐19 lockdown in spring 2020 by asking, how do parents perceive the blurring of work–family boundaries? What kind of boundary work practices did families develop to manage their work and family roles, and were these practices gendered and how? Boundary practices are analyzed by combining theories of doing boundaries and gender theories in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and applying them to survey data. The results revealed that during lockdown, both spatial and temporal boundaries blurred or partly disappeared, and boundary practices developed by families were highly gendered. Especially in families where childcare practices had been gendered already before the lockdown, it was predominantly mothers, who shouldered the main responsibility of increased childcare and struggled to manage their work duties. Hence, families had varying means to cope with blurring boundaries based on their ability to switch to remote work, but also on their work–family practices before the pandemic.
A social history of the Avars: Historical and archaeological perspectives
Authors: Curta Florin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Avars have been recently been of some interest to historians, but only from a political point of view, given that the written sources cover almost exclusively only the first century of Avar history. Comparatively less attention has so far been paid to the social organization of the Avar qaganate. Archaeologists, on the other hands, are now in a privileged position, as the quantity of material culture evidence has grown exponentially over the last decades or so. However, even the archaeological approach to social history is marred by serious problems deriving from the slavish application of a model of analysis first promoted by Gyula László. That model is based on dubious ethnographic parallels and does not account for the variety of situations within the Avar qaganate either in chronological or in geographical terms. Most archaeologists concerned with the analysis of cemetery sites (which produced the bulk of the evidence under discussion) still maintain that Avar society was divided into lords, middle class and commoners. New excavations, but especially new techniques (such as those associated with bioarchaeology) have slowly, but steadily eroded the simplistic model advanced by László and his students. A review of the most recent archaeological literature reveals a shift towards an intepretation that takes into account the staged representation of status in death, and therefore privileges the symbolism of the artifacts associated with social rank. “Princely burials” are now regarded as a sign of political and social crisis, and weapon burials have by now received a much more sophisticated interpretation largely inspired by gender archaeology.
What DNA barcodes reveal: microhabitat preference, hunting strategy and dispersal ability drive genetic variation across Iberian spider species
Authors: Domènech Marc , Malumbres‐Olarte Jagoba , Enguídanos Alba , Múrria Cesc , Arnedo Miquel A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The current rate of species loss calls for immediate actions to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Cataloguing species richness and composition, and revealing how diversity is geographically distributed are the first steps towards designing efficient conservation strategies.
Here, we aim to determine diversity patterns and potential drivers of taxonomic and genetic diversity and population structure of Iberian spiders. We used a community level perspective, analysing more than 3000 DNA barcode sequences representing ~370 spider species dwelling in white‐oak forest habitats across the Spanish National Park network.
By combining and comparing morphological and DNA barcode‐based species delimitation methods, we assessed their performance and identified putative factors behind cases of incongruence. Our findings uncovered potential overlooked diversity as suggested by the geographic patterns of genetic variation and put a red flag on those taxa that may be undergoing overlooked evolutionary or ecological processes.
Spider functional traits associated with foraging strategy, microhabitat preference, ballooning ability and circadian activity explained the observed patterns of population structure across species but did not explain variation in genetic diversity. Overall, our study represents a major step forward in the understanding of large‐scale diversity patterns in Iberian spiders at the community level and provides relevant information to guide future conservation strategies of the so‐far largely overlooked invertebrate diversity.
Older adults' perceptions of their fall risk in the hospital: An integrative review
Authors: Dolan Hanne , Slebodnik Maribeth , Taylor‐Piliae Ruth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe objectives of this review are to determine what is currently known about older adults' perceptions of their own fall risk in the hospital and associated factors and explore how perceived fall risk in the hospital is assessed.BackgroundEvery year, up to one million patients suffer an accidental fall in the hospital. Despite research efforts during the last decade, inpatient fall rates have not significantly decreased, and about one third of inpatient falls result in injuries. Limited evidence suggests that assessing hospitalised patients' perceptions of their fall risk and engaging them in their own fall prevention can reduce inpatient falls.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsycINFO and PubMed. Data extraction and quality assessments were independently performed by two reviewers. PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting this review.ResultsTwenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that hospitalised older adults inadequately estimate their own fall risk. Most participants did not perceive themselves as at risk for falling in the hospital. Educational and motivational interventions can change the patients' perceptions of their own fall risk in the hospital and engage them in fall prevention. The desire to remain independent and feeling vulnerable were associated with fall risk, and the relationship with nursing staff may affect how hospitalised patients perceive their own fall risk.ConclusionsHospitalised adults, and specifically older adults, do not adequately estimate their own fall risk. Factors associated with these perceptions must be further explored to develop assessment tools and interventions to decrease inpatient fall rates.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses' understanding and assessment of hospitalised adults' perception of their own fall risk is important to consider for reducing inpatient falls.