bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties and Formaldehyde Emission of Rubberwood Particleboard Using Emulsified Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (EMDI) Binder at Different Press Factor Continuous Press
Authors: Y. Ab Hafidz M. , F. Mohd2 A. , Zulkifli M. 
Published: March 2021

Rubberwood particleboard with low formaldehyde emission is a must in wood based paneling industry especially for export market such as in Japan, Korean, European countries and North America Region. Avoiding of urea formaldehyde binder and substitute it with emulsion isocyanate resin is an alternative in particleboard production. However, the low tackiness and sticking to steel belt during transferring and pressing in actual particleboard production contributes to surface defects as well as variation in mechanical properties of the final product. The results revealed that a correlation speed and press factor is necessary in order to improve mechanical properties and to keep the physical performance of boards within a limited range of values. Various speeds of press factors were studied at 15.0, 14.5, 14.0, 13.5 sec/mm to study the effect to the bending, internal bonding, screw withdrawal, surface soundness, thickness swelling, moisture content properties and formaldehyde emission of particleboard. At higher production speed (lower press factor), bending, internal bonding, MOE and edge screw withdrawals properties of particleboard was decrease by 3% to 13%. Thickness swelling and moisture content were increased in final particleboard production. Emission of formaldehyde was below than 0.15 mg/L (JIS A 1460) at all speeds of press factor which is extremely low.Â Â Â
Compaction and CBR Characteristics of Sandy Clay Stabilised with Fibre-Mixed Binder
Authors: L. Tsai K. , M. Chan C. , C. Tan P. 
Published: March 2021

Soil chemical stabilization is an effective yet comparatively economical ground improvement method which involves injecting or blending a binder into the existing soil to enhance the geotechnical properties (e.g. strength and stiffness) for load-bearing purposes. The technique is especially beneficial for road construction works on clayey soil of limited load-bearing capacity such as rural roads. It required thick road base is critical to ensure long-term stability and performance. An endeavour is therefore undertaken to examine the effectiveness of a proprietary fibre-mixed binder in stabilizing soils (sandy clay) nature to serve as road base material. Kaolin was mixed with sand as the base soil at ratios of 0, 25 and 50% sand addition. The fibre-mixed binder was added at dosages of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% as recommended by the proprietor. Standard compaction test was first carried out to determine the optimum water content for each kaolin-sand mix. Then left to cure for 1, 3, 7 and 28 days before subjected to the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. From the test results, it was found that 2.5% binder addition was sufficient to attain the minimum CBR requirement of 30% for supporting a conventional flexible pavement, as per JKR standard. However, the 100% clay sample required higher binder dosages. Clearly sand particles in the soil contributed to the formation of skeletal scaffolding of the soil matrix, bound and supported by the fibre-mixed binder for enhanced strength properties. This was evident in the compaction test where 50% sand addition reduced the optimum water content by almost half compared to the 100% clay. Moreover 3-day curing could adequately strengthen all samples to attain the minimum CBR requirement (JKR standard), irrespective of the binder dosage used. In conclusion, it could effectively strengthen sandy clay soils within 3 days with dosages as low as 2.5%.Â Â
Fabrication and Characterisation of Titanium Dioxide (Tio2)/PVA Nanofibre Composites using Electrospinning
Authors: D.N. Affandi N. , Y. Chin L. , Fadil F. , A. Azhar F. 
Published: March 2021

A study on the formation of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres has been investigated in the research work. In the study, the TiO2/PVA solutions were prepared at different concentrations ranging from 1wt% to 10wt%. The PVA solution without TiO2 was used as control sample in the study. Each solution was extruded using electrospinning at different voltages to form long and continuous nanofibres. The fibres were then characterised for morphological structures, fibre diameter and membrane area. The result shows that control sample of PVA nanofibres formed beads on the fibre surfaces. The addition of TiO2 in PVA was found to reduce the bead formation. The clumps of TiO2 nanoparticles were observed and were also confirmed with the EDX mapping. In addition, the electrospinning parameters affect the formation of TiO2/PVA nanofibers. At 15 kV, the resultant fibre diameter increases from 153 Â± 23 nm to 191 Â± 26 nm when the TiO2 concentration was further increased from 1wt% to 10wt%. The morphological structure of TiO2/PVA nanofibres varies depending on applied voltages and concentrations used. The membrane area of TiO2/PVA nanofibers is approximately 187 cm2 for 1wt% of TiO2. From the study, it shows that an optimalconcentration to produce TiO2/ PVA nanofibers is 10wt%. At 10wt%, no beads were observed on the fibre and the TiO2 nano-particles were uniformly distributed on the membrane surfaces.Â Â
Augmentation of Nanofluids Heat Transfer in a Circular Pipe with Coiled Tube Insert as Heat Source and Swirl Generator
Authors: D. Salman S. , . . 
Published: March 2021

This research present steady state heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in concentric pipe with coiled tube insert for turbulent flow regime with metal oxide nanofluid using ANSYS-FLUENT 18.0 where the governing equations of mass, momentum and heat transfer were solved simultaneously, using the k-e two equations turbulence model. Copper was chosen as the as metal for the construction of pipe and the helical tube insert. Coiled tube with curvature to pitch ratio as 1 and 2.5 mm in diameter with 1% volume fractions of TiO2 and CuO Nanofluid with Reynolds number ranged from 4000-16000 were considered in this research. The heat generated from constant water temperature (80 Â°C) with constant flow rates in helical coil (Re=4000). The Result shows that the heat and friction coefficients conducted by vortex generator raised with Reynolds number and accretion of nanoparticle presence. Furthermore, the maximum rate of heat transfer with significant intension in friction coefficient has been produced TiO2 nanofluid by as compared with CuO and water.Â Â
Electromagnetic Shielding Analysis (EMS) of Hybrid Multilayered Woven Fabric at Different Transmitter Distance
Authors: K. Omar N. , F. Yahya M. , R. Ahmad M. , T. Ali M. 
Published: March 2021

This paper mainly discusses on the effectiveness of multiple plain-woven fabric towards electromagnetic shielding (EMS). The measurement includes the effect of fabric distance from the transmitter antennas in the shielded enclosure test. The conductive fabric consists of copper cover hybrid yarns produced using hollow spindle spinning machine. The electromagnetic shielding test was performed according to IEEE-299 specification at 2000MHz. The range was selected to reflect mobile phones, wireless fidelity, Bluetooth and GPS transmission range frequencies.Â Four samples of conductive fabrics were used in the work, as 0Â°/0Â°, 90Â°/90Â°, 0Â°/90Â° and 90Â°/0, respectively. The fabric sample with 0Â°/90Â° alignment was found to give the best electromagnetic shielding at -65.79dBM. The initial results also show that the hybrid conductive fabrics have large potential to be utilized for shielding electromagnetic radiation (EMR).Â Â
Surface Defect Detection using Novel Histogram Distance-based Multiple Template Anomalies Detection Algorithm
Authors: Wong Ze-Hao , M. Thong C. , M. Edmund Loh W. , J. Wong C. 
Published: March 2021

Surface defects in manufacturing are top challenges in various manufacturing field including LED manufacturing, die manufacturing and printing industry. Quality control through automated surface defect detection has been an emphasis to speed up the production without jeopardizing the quality of the product. However, complexity and flexibility in product design, specification and dataset availability posted challenges in existing referential-based algorithm. Golden template-based algorithms are sensitive to misalignment and product variations. Deep learning and its variant can be used as non-linear filter to segment anomalies area. However, deep learning requires huge labelled database and consume long learning time. Similarly, maximum likelihood-based algorithms require large database for learning. This research proposes a novel histogram distance based multiple templates anomalies detection (MTAD) algorithm to segment surface defect. Histogram distance based on kernel-wise histograms stacked across illumination normalized database of similar size can describe the degree of anomaly intuitively across the image. Then, surface defect can be justified intuitively according to anomaly heat map generated. The algorithm is tested against industrial samples and it can handle texture and design variation existed in the product while catching anomaly in real time. This research suggests future studies on extending dimensionality of the histogram. Suggested algorithm has wide range of application other than surface defect detection. For examples, video motion detection, decolorization detection on industrial lighting.Â Â
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Corrosion Protection Application
Authors: Md Akhir Rabiatuladawiyah , Haziq Norashikin Mohamad , Muzamir Mahat Mohd , Najmi Bonnia Noor 
Published: March 2021

The present study reports the successful synthesis of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The Pandanus Amaryllifolius leaves extract was used as reducing agent with zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor. The effects of synthesis temperature on biosynthesis of ZnONPâ€™s are discussed.Â The biosynthesized ZnONPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) ; and they were found to exhibit the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The diffractograms revealed well-defined, strong and sharp peaks at 2Î¸ positions that correspond to its crystallinity with average size of 16.25 nm. Micrograph images from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) have shown polydispersed spherical shape of the biosynthesized ZnONPs. Smaller grain sizes were produced at low synthesis temperature of 60ÂºC. The elemental composition analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was determined by weight loss method. Of significance, good corrosion inhibition efficiency of 79.43% was obtained by incorporating the biosynthesized ZnONPâ€™s at synthesis temperature of 60ÂºC.Â Â
Conductivity Studies of Epoxidized PMMA Grafted Natural Rubber Doped Lithium Triflate Gel Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Nazir Khuzaimah , Fariz Mohamad Taib Mohamad , Zakaria Rosnah , Kamil Yaakob Muhamad , Hasdinor Hassan Oskar , Zu Azhan Yahya Muhd , Malik Marwan Ali Ab 
Published: March 2021

A gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) comprising of 62.3 mol% of epoxidized-30% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (EMG30) as a polymer host, LiCF3SO3 as a dopant salt and ethylene carbonate (EC) as a plasticizer was prepared by solution-casting technique. The effect of plasticizer on the EMG30- LiCF3SO3 on the ionic conductivity is explained in terms of the plasticizer loading of the film. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the polymer films obeys the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) relationship. The ionic transference number is calculated using Wagnerâ€™s polarization technique shows that the conducting species are predominantly due ions and hence showed the system is an ionic conductor. Surface morphological analysis showed the sample with the highest conductivity exhibited most homogenous in nature.Â Â
The Effects of Rice Flour Solution and ZnO Nanoparticles Coated on Mango to Inhibit Anthracnose Disease
Authors: Abdullah Saifollah , Rosman NF. , Asli NA. , Rusop Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

Nowadays nanotechnology is used in many applications including electronic devices, sensor, solar cell, pharmaceutical and food and agriculture industry as well. One of the main contributions of nanotechnology in agrotechnology industry is preservation of post-harvest product through coating process. A mango fruit is very perishable and so has a short shelf life, which both marketers and consumers would like to be longer. In this study, mango fruit was coated with ZnO and rice flour solution of 3 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml manually and was stored at room temperature for 7 days to observe the growth of black spot daily. The weight loss was also evaluated. The mixed coating materials which is ZnO and rice flour inhibited the growth of microorganisms. The results in SEM show that the nanoparticles agglomerates. The data revealed that applying ZnO coating effectively prolonged the quality attributes and extends the shelf life of mango fruit.Â Â Â
The Design and Implementation of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) for Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)
Authors: Md Said Junaida , Arul Elizabeth , Abdul Razak Samsiah , Azila Yahya Nur , Husna Jamian Nural 
Published: March 2021

Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) is taken by students in the mathematics, science or engineering programs in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). This course was originally taught in the traditional way with the lecturer as the instructor. In 2014, this course evolved into the blended-learning mode i.e. a combination of classroom sessions and online sessions using the university learning management system. In 2017, a team of lecturers in the Tapah campus of UiTM decided to develop an instructional design of ODE using the MOOC platform. Students would then use the MOOC during the blended-learning hour. Five modules are offered in this MOOC. Lecture notes are presented using Prezi together with instructional videos and self-checking exercises. 55 students enrolled for the MOOC and were surveyed to gauge the initial impact of the MOOC as an instructional tool. More than 50% of the students said that the MOOC absolutely helped them to better understand the classroom sessions. Most of the students put in maximum effort in accessing the MOOC. The MOOC also helped to build up self-confidence of students in the course material. It is hoped that as the MOOC is further refined and improved, more students will benefit from the MOOC.Â Â
Edmodo Based E-Learning as a Media of Construction Building Learning
Authors: Putu Diah Untari Ningsih Ni , Bruri Triyono Mochamad , Dahar Minghat Asnul , Ahmad Adnan 
Published: March 2021

Edmodo based E-Learning is a social learning platform for teachers/lecturers, students or for parents that developed in late 2008 by Nic Borg and Jeff O "Hara Edmodo based E-Learning developed based on the principles of group based on class management and also social media. Edmodo based E-Learning is very comprehensive because access is faster and easier to use by using some of the features that function like course management systems. The learning process using teaching materials with Edmodo based E-Learning can be used as a reference in developing appropriate teaching materials for other materials to increase the level of thinking probabilistic learners. Edmodo is certainly a good choice for learning in the fourth industrial revolution era. This study is a literature that tries to express the ideas associated with the use of Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction Learning. This study has the following objectives: (1). Describe criteria of Edmodo based E-Learning that good. (2). Describe the material in accordance with the Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction learning. (3). Describing the use of Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction learning.Â Â
Literature Review: Authentic Assessment in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Firmania Nafisa , Sudira Putu , Dahar Minghat Asnul 
Published: March 2021

Assessment is an activity that must be done in each lesson. Educational assessment is the process of gathering and processing information to determine the achievement of student learning outcomes. A good assessment must be carried out both in the learning process and in the final learning outcomes. The teaching and learning process in Vocational High Schools includes an explanation of science or study subjects and practice. With the complexity of learning in the Vocational High School, the assessment that is applied must be appropriate and can include the assessment of students as a whole. The assessment applied at the Vocational High School at this time is authentic assessment, where the assessment assesses three aspects of each student. The three aspects namely knowledge assessment, skills assessment and attitude assessment. Authentic assessment measures the overall student learning outcomes because this assessment assesses the progress of student learning not just the end result of student learning. Vocational high school students are prepared to work, therefore not only knowledge and skills must be invested because attitude is more important than both aspects. In other words, vocational high school students must be able to balance their knowledge and skills and be accompanied by a good attitude in each process.Â Â
New Finding in KRAS Mutated Structure Detected in Colorectal Cancer CRC Tumors Causing Uncontrolled Cell Proliferation in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Subhi Ramadhan Rehab , Najah Jabbar AL-Gafari Rebah 
Published: March 2021

A total 200 tumor samples were collected from patients suffering from colorectal CRC at Al-Amal hospital. Their ages ranged from 40 â€“ 70 years old and distributed according to gender as 130 male and 70 female. We found that CRC was more common in male than female, and more frequent in elderly persons especially in age group of 61 â€“ 70 years old. From 12 specifically designed primers that were able to amplify KRAS gene in those patientsâ€™ blood samples, only 2 gave a specific band when tumor sample was used. Molecular analysis of the sequence obtained from those two primers showed the presence of 83 missense mutations in both of them, 20 in the first sequence were associated with pathogenic effect on KRAS gene, 3 frame shift, and 3 insertions, while in the second sequence obtained from primer PK2 4 frame shift mutations, and 4 insertions were identified. The impact finding is that in both sequences, open reading frames (ORFs) were developed that affected cell proliferation dramatically and produced truncated functionless proteins causing KRAS to cease control over cell cycle.Â Â
Enzymatic Activity and Photo-Kinetic Study of Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with Tetradentate
Authors: M. Khamis Wessal , S.H. Mohammed Suhair , H. Abdullah Amer , Gd. Sha`aban Hanan , H. Abdul Sada Shaemmaa , Azer Daher Gwan 
Published: March 2021

The Photo kinetic studies for five metal complexes of tetradentate Schiff base ligand were studied. These complexes were Chrome, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickle and Copper complexes. The kinetic values were achieved for the photoreaction and it referred to first order by in terms of complexes concentration. Three concentrations of these complexes to determined rate constant value which were determined by calculation the slope (-k) of relationship between radiation time on X-axis and natural logathirm of concentration changing on Y-axis. Values of rate constant were (0.0317min-1) for Cr-complex, (0.054min-1) for Mn-complex, (0.0706min-1) for Co-complex, (0.133min-1) for Ni-complex and (0.1211min-1) for Cu-complex. Relation between concentration on Y-axis and radiation time were showed the decreasing of concentration with time. Enzymatic study for the five complexes were achieved and showed that Cr-complex and Mn-complex showed competitive reactions and uncompetitive for Co-complex, Ni-complex and Cu-complex.Â Â
Intra-individual variation across the lifespan: Results from an Austrian panel study
Authors: Bülow Lars , Vergeiner Philip C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores intra-individual variation and language change across the lifespan of eight speakers from a small Austrian village. Four phonological variables in two settings (informal conversation vs. formal interview) are traced across longitudinal panel data that span 43 years. The analysis reveals an increase of dialect features (retrograde change), even though apparent-time as well as real-time trend studies indicate dialect loss in the Bavarian speaking parts of Austria. The panel data also indicate that neither the group means at one moment in time nor their averaged changes are representative of the intra-individual variation of any of the eight speakers. Regarding this non-representativity, the article introduces the classical ergodic theorem to variationist sociolinguistics. Evidence will be provided that change across the lifespan of an individual is a non-ergodic process. Thus, it is argued that variationists have to be more cautious when they generalise from group-derived estimates to individual developments and vice versa.
Research on Non-Landslide Selection Method for Landslide Hazard Mapping
Authors: Li Xia , Cheng Jiulong , Yu Dehao , Han Yangchun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Most landslide prediction models need to select non-landslides. At present, non-landslides mainly use subjective inference or random selection method, which makes it easy to select non-landslides in high-risk areas. To solve this problem and improve the accuracy of landslide prediction, the method of selecting non-landslide by Information value (IV) is proposed in this study. Firstly, 230 historical landslides and 10 landslide conditioning factors are extracted and interpreted by using Remote Sensing (RS) image, Geographic Information System (GIS) and field survey. Secondly, random, buffer, river channel or slope, and IV methods are used to obtain non-landslides, and the obtained non-landslides are applied to the popular SVM model for landslide hazard mapping (LHM) in western area of Tumen City. The landslide hazard map based on the river channel or slope method is seriously inconsistent with the actual situation of study area, Therefore, the three methods of random, buffer, and IV are verified and compared by accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under curves (AUC). The results show that the landslide prediction accuracy of the three methods is more than 80%, and the prediction accuracy is high, but the IV is higher. In addition, IV can identify the very high hazard regions with smaller area. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use IV to select non-landslides, and IV method is more practical in landslide prevention and engineering construction. The research results may be useful to provide basic information of landslide hazard for decision makers and planners.