bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of sleep disordered breathing in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Liguoro Ilaria , Arigliani Michele , Tan Hui‐Leng , Gupta Atul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) compared with the general pediatric population. There has been a growing research interest on this field in recent years, yet many questions regarding risk factors and clinical implications of SDB remain unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a concise narrative and systematic synthesis of the available evidence on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, and management, of SDB in children with SCD. An electronic search was conducted on studies published from the 1st of January 2000 to the 31st of December 2020 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. All studies focusing on SDB in children with SCD aged from 0 to 20 years were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if available in the English language. A quantitative synthesis of the included studies was performed. Only studies focusing on specific treatment outcomes were included in a meta‐analytic process. A total of 190 papers were initially identified. After screening the title and abstract, 112 articles were evaluated for eligibility. At the end of the selection process, 62 studies were included in the analysis. Sleep disordered breathing is associated with worse neurological, neurocognitive, and cardiological outcomes, whereas the association with frequency or severity of vaso‐occlusive pain events and acute chest syndrome was not clarified. Therapeutic interventions like adenotonsillectomy or oxygen supplementation may result in a significant increase in mean nocturnal oxygen saturation but effective clinical implications remain still unclear.
Ebola virus protein VP40 binding to Sec24c for transport to the plasma membrane
Authors: Bhattarai Nisha , Pavadai Elumalai , Pokhrel Rudramani , Baral Prabin , Hossen Md Lokman , Stahelin Robert V. , Chapagain Prem P. , Gerstman Bernard S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutbreaks of the Ebola virus (EBOV) continue to occur and while a vaccine and treatment are now available, there remains a dearth of options for those who become sick with EBOV disease. An understanding at the atomic and molecular level of the various steps in the EBOV replication cycle can provide molecular targets for disrupting the virus. An important step in the EBOV replication cycle is the transport of EBOV structural matrix VP40 protein molecules to the plasma membrane inner leaflet, which involves VP40 binding to the host cell's Sec24c protein. Though some VP40 residues involved in the binding are known, the molecular details of VP40–Sec24c binding are not known. We use various molecular computational techniques to investigate the molecular details of how EBOV VP40 binds with the Sec24c complex of the ESCRT‐I pathway. We employed different docking programs to identify the VP40‐binding site on Sec24c and then performed molecular dynamics simulations to determine the atomic details and binding interactions of the complex. We also investigated how the inter‐protein interactions of the complex are affected upon mutations of VP40 amino acids in the Sec24c‐binding region. Our results provide a molecular basis for understanding previous coimmunoprecipitation experimental studies. In addition, we found that VP40 can bind to a site on Sec24c that can also bind Sec23 and suggests that VP40 may use the COPII transport mechanism in a manner that may not need the Sec23 protein in order for VP40 to be transported to the plasma membrane.
Combination of modified biochar and polyurea microcapsules to co‐encapsulate a fumigant via interface polymerization for controlled release and enhanced bioactivity
Authors: Ren Lirui , Hao Baoqiang , Fang Wensheng , Zhang Daqi , Cheng Hongyan , Li Qingjie , Yan Dongdong , Li Yuan , Wang Qiuxia , Zhou Zhiqiang , Jin Xi , Cao Aocheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil fumigants—the most effective agrochemicals for managing soil‐borne diseases—have been used extensively. However, high volatility, moderate toxicity and insufficient effective duration considerably limit their application. In the present study, interface polymerization was used to combine modified biochar (BC) and polyurea microcapsules (MCs) to co‐encapsulate allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), developing a model fumigant for controlled release (AITC@BC‐MCs).RESULTSThe physical characteristics of BC modified by sand‐milling were significantly improved. In addition, chemical properties and morphological features of AITC@BC‐MCs characterized by integrated methods revealed successful preparation of BC‐MCs. Compared with monolayer MCs, BC‐MCs could significantly delay AITC release owing to the composite obstruction effect. Moreover, modifying BC endowed the cargo molecules with a pH‐responsive release property. Additionally, this composite showed a longer persistent duration by prolonging AITC degradation half‐life, which was 3.2–3.5‐fold greater than that of the AITC technical concentrate under different soil conditions. Finally, the control efficacy of the AITC@BC‐MC against pathogens, including nematodes and fungi, as well as against weeds was significantly enhanced at the same dose, but the composite did not inhibit seed germination and growth after 10 days when fumigated soil was aerated.CONCLUSIONConstruction of a composite encapsulation system enhanced pesticide efficacy, reduced dose via controlled release and delayed fumigant degradation in soil, indicating the great potential of this strategy for developing an effective and environmentally friendly fumigant formulation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Eccentricity‐based topological invariants of tightest nonadjacently configured stable pentagonal structure of carbon nanocones
Authors: Zobair Mian Muhammad , Malik Mehar Ali , Shaker Hani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConjugated open‐ended cones in which the configured pentagons are consistent, lies in the circle of Fries Kekule structure. This nonadjacent tightest configuration of pentagons as shown in Figure 1 is consistent with a Fries Kekule structure and thus provides the most stable cone. In the study, various topological indices of the same structure in regard of physico‐concoction resources and bioactivity of substance mixtures are studied which further helps to study the behavior of chemical compounds. In this regard, Zagreb indices and of a molecular graph G is used to evaluate the complexity in chemical systems and biological organisms. In this article, we consider two complex families of stable carbon nanocones and compute their ECI, TEI, and eccentricity‐based Zagreb indices.
Effect of K on carbon adsorption and deposition on the Co(111) surface
Authors: Liu Shaoli , Qi Lingxi , Zhang Zheng , Hou Xuejie , Li Wenzuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheoretical calculations were performed to investigate the effect of potassium on carbon adsorption and deposition on the Co(111) surface. Cn species are expected, and the C2 dimer may be a critical elementary unit. Increasing the carbon coverage, some carbon atoms may diffuse into the subsurface. However, kinetically, the formation of Cn species is more favorable, and there is no driving force for carbon migrating into the subsurface. With increasing of the carbon concentration, the adsorbed carbons form carbon chains and then graphene sheets parallel to the surface. The potassium promoter has little effect on the most stable configurations but increases the adsorption energy, which can be explained by the decrease in the work function resulting from the electronic effects of the potassium promoter. Potassium promotes carbon deposition and carbonization of the cobalt surface to a certain extent. These results could provide useful information for carbon deposition and cobalt carbide formation.
Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols with Oxygen via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Li Jiayan , Xu Dandan , Shi Guangrui , Liu Xingyuan , Zhang Jianqiang , Fan Baomin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient method for the oxidation of silanes to silanols with oxygen is described. The reaction proceeded under the catalysis of the photoredox catalyst Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O by irradiation with 30 W blue LED. The reaction exhibited good substrate scope with up to 88 % yield. The applicability of the present methodology is demonstrated by gram scale synthesis. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed.
Pretreatment with metformin prevents microcystin‐LR‐induced tau hyperphosphorylation via mTOR‐dependent PP2A and GSK‐3β activation
Authors: Zhang Yali , Fan Xing , Su Zhangyao , Yuan Tianli , Yin Haimeng , Gu Haohao , Zuo Yue , Chen Shiyin , Zhou Hongyu , Su Gaoxing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrocystin‐leucine‐arginine (MC‐LR) is a toxin secreted by freshwater cyanobacteria that is considered a potential environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A previous study indicated that tau protein hyperphosphorylation via protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and GSK‐3β inhibition was the mechanism by which MC‐LR induces neurotoxicity; however, how MC‐LR‐induced neurotoxicity can be effectively prevented remains unclear. In this study, the reversal effect of metformin on MC‐LR‐induced neurotoxicity was investigated. The results showed that metformin effectively prevented tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202 caused by MC‐LR through PP2A and GSK‐3b activity. The effect of metformin on PP2A activity was dependent on the inhibition of mTOR in MC‐LR‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells. Metformin prevented spatial memory deficits in rats caused by intrahippocampal MC‐LR administration. In sum, the results suggested that metformin can ameliorate the MC‐LR–induced AD‐like phenotype by preventing tau phosphorylation at Ser202, which was mainly mediated by mTOR‐dependent PP2A and GSK‐3β activation.
Serum L‐arginine and endogenous methylarginine concentrations predict irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A nested case‐control study
Authors: McEvoy Mark A. , Attia John R. , Oldmeadow Christopher , Holliday Elizabeth , Smith Wayne T. , Mangoni Arduino A. , Peel Roseanne , Hancock Stephen J. , Walker Marjorie M. , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsNitric oxide, a major inhibitory nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter that relaxes smooth muscle, may be implicated in the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Impaired bioavailability of the nitric oxide precursor molecule L‐arginine and higher concentrations of methylarginines (endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis) are known to impair nitric oxide synthesis in numerous gastrointestinal cell types. We therefore examined serum concentrations of L‐arginine and the methylarginines in a nested case‐control study, to assess whether these factors are associated with adult IBS.MethodsData on clinical characteristics, methylarginines, and L‐arginine (measured using LC‐MS/MS) were collected from a random population‐based cohort of Australian adults (median age = 64 years; IQR = 60–70). Cases of IBS, defined according to Rome III criteria (N = 156), and controls (N = 332) were identified from within the cohort at the 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsIn adjusted logistic regression analyses, L‐arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, L‐arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio, and Kessler‐10 psychological distress scores were significantly associated with IBS (p > 0.05). Similar results were found for IBS subtypes. Higher serum L‐arginine concentration had the strongest association with IBS diagnosis, with an odds ratio of 9.03 for those with serum L‐arginine at the 75th (84 μmol/L) versus 25th (46 μmol/L) percentile (95% CI: 5.99–13.62). L‐arginine had the best discriminative ability with a bias‐adjusted area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.859.ConclusionsHigher serum concentrations of L‐arginine and endogenous methylarginines are strongly associated with IBS in adults.
Trends in inflammatory bowel disease treatment in the past two decades‐a high‐level text mining analysis of PubMed publications
Authors: Klang Eyal , Barash Yiftach , Soffer Shelly , Shachar Eyal , Lahat Adi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimMany therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) emerged during the last 2 decades, along with the rise in disease prevalence and incidence. We aimed at assessing the published literature on different treatment options in that period. Special attention was attributed to specific medication mechanisms and geographic diversity.Materials and MethodsWe have queried PubMed for all available IBD‐related entries published during 2000–2020. The following data were extracted for each entry: PubMed unique article ID (PMID), title, publishing journal, abstract text, keywords (if any), and authors' affiliations. Two gastrointestinal specialists decided in consensus on a list of terms to classify entries. The terms belonged to five treatment groups: medical, surgical, dietary, microbiome manipulation, and complementary medicine. The medical and complementary medicine groups were further sub‐classified. Annual trends of publications for the years 2000–2020 were plotted for different treatment types. The slopes of publication trends were calculated by fitting regression lines to the annual number of publications.ResultsOverall, 77,505 IBD entries were published between 2000 and 2020. Medical treatment showed the highest number of total publications 21,540/77,505 (27.8%), followed by surgical 7605/77,505 (9.8%), microbiome research 5260/77,505 (6.8%), dietary 4819/77,505 (6.2%), and complementary medicine treatment 762/77,505 (1.0%). Interestingly, since 2012 there is a steep rise in microbiome publications that outnumbered surgery in the last 2 years. Trend analysis of medical treatment showed that biologics had the steepest slope (57.5, p < 0.001), followed by immunomodulators (4.9, p < 0.001), small molecules (3.9, p < 0.001), and 5‐ASA (3.8, p < 0.001).ConclusionAccording to our high‐level publications trend analysis, the past 2 decades certainly deserve the reference as the “biologic era”, as publications regarding biological therapy outnumbered all other treatment options. Interestingly, though very popular among patients, complementary medicine was not studied with correlation to its' acceptance among patients.
Mechanochemical Synthesis as a Greener Way to Produce Iron‐based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Authors: Gernhard M. , Rautenberg M. , Hörner G. , Weber B. , Emmerling F. , Roth C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIron‐based catalysts have been reported manifold and studied as platinum group metal (PGM) free alternatives for the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their sustainable preparation by greener synthesis approaches is usually not discussed. In this work, we propose a new method for the sustainable preparation of such catalysts by using a mechanochemical approach, with no solvents and non‐toxic chemicals. The materials obtained from low temperature carbonization (700 °C) exhibit considerable and stable catalytic performance for ORR in alkaline medium. A catalyst obtained from iron hydroxide, tryptophan, dicyandiamide, and ammonium nitrate shows the best electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 921 mV vs. RHE at 0.1 mA/cm2 and an electron transfer number of 3.4.
Stress Out: Translating Real-World Stressors into Audio-Visual Stress Cues in VR for Police Training
Authors: Nguyen Quynh , Jaspaert Emma , Murtinger Markus , Schrom-Feiertag Helmut , Egger-Lampl Sebastian , Tscheligi Manfred 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) training has become increasingly important for police first responders in recent years. Improving the training experience in such complex contexts requires ecological validity of virtual training. To achieve this, VR systems need to be capable of simulating the complex experiences of police officers ‘in the field.’ One way to do this is to add stressors into training simulations to induce stress similar to the stress experienced in real-life situations, particularly in situations where this is difficult (e.g., dangerous or resource-intensive) to achieve with traditional training. To include stressors in VR, this paper thus presents the concept of so-called ‘stress cues’ for operationalizing stressors to augment training in VR simulations for the context of police work. Considering the level of complexity of police work and training, a co-creation process that allows for creative collaboration and mitigation of power imbalances was chosen to access the police officers’ knowledge and experience. We assert that stress cues can improve the training experience from the trainer’s perspective as they provide novel interaction design possibilities for trainers to control the training experience. E.g., by actively intervening in training and dynamically changing the interaction space for trainees which also improves the trainee’s experience. Stress cues can also improve the trainee’s experience by enabling personalizable and customizable training based on real-time stress measurements and supplementing information for improved training feedback.
Quantum-inspired event reconstruction with Tensor Networks: Matrix Product States
Authors: Araz Jack Y. , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tensor Networks are non-trivial representations of high-dimensional tensors, originally designed to describe quantum many-body systems. We show that Tensor Networks are ideal vehicles to connect quantum mechanical concepts to machine learning techniques, thereby facilitating an improved interpretability of neural networks. This study presents the discrimination of top quark signal over QCD background processes using a Matrix Product State classifier. We show that entanglement entropy can be used to interpret what a network learns, which can be used to reduce the complexity of the network and feature space without loss of generality or performance. For the optimisation of the network, we compare the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm to stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and propose a joined training algorithm to harness the explainability of DMRG with the efficiency of SGD.
Entanglement wedge minimum cross-section in holographic massive gravity theory
Authors: Liu Peng , Niu Chao , Shi Zi-Jian , Zhang Cheng-Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS) in holographic massive gravity theory, in which a first and second-order phase transition can occur. We find that the mixed state entanglement measures, the EWCS and mutual information (MI) can characterize the phase transitions. The EWCS and MI show exactly the opposite behavior in the critical region, which suggests that the EWCS captures distinct degrees of freedom from that of the MI. More importantly, EWCS, MI and HEE all show the same scaling behavior in the critical region. We give an analytical understanding of this phenomenon. By comparing the quantum information behavior in the thermodynamic phase transition of holographic superconductors, we analyze the relationship and difference between them and provide two mechanisms of quantum information scaling behavior in the thermodynamic phase transition.
Generalized Giveon-Kutasov duality
Authors: Nii Keita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We generalize the Giveon-Kutasov duality by adding possible Chern-Simons interactions for the U(N) gauge group. Some of the generalized dualities are known in the literature and many others are new to the best of our knowledge. The dualities are connected to the non-supersymmetric bosonization duality via mass deformations. For N = 1, there are an infinite number of magnetic-dual theories.
Immunosuppressive network promotes immunosenescence associated with aging and chronic inflammatory conditions
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe functional competence of the immune system gradually declines with aging, a process called immunosenescence. The age-related remodelling of the immune system affects both adaptive and innate immunity. In particular, a chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflammaging, is associated with the aging process. Immunosenescence not only is present in inflammaging state, but it also occurs in several pathological conditions in conjunction with chronic inflammation. It is known that persistent inflammation stimulates a counteracting compensatory immunosuppression intended to protect host tissues. Inflammatory mediators enhance myelopoiesis and induce the generation of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) which in mutual cooperation stimulates the immunosuppressive network. Immunosuppressive cells, especially MDSCs, regulatory T cells (Treg), and M2 macrophages produce immunosuppressive factors, e.g., TGF-β, IL-10, ROS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which suppress the functions of CD4/CD8T and B cells as well as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells. The immunosuppressive armament (i) inhibits the development and proliferation of immune cells, (ii) decreases the cytotoxic activity of CD8T and NK cells, (iii) prevents antigen presentation and antibody production, and (iv) suppresses responsiveness to inflammatory mediators. These phenotypes are the hallmarks of immunosenescence. Immunosuppressive factors are able to control the chromatin landscape, and thus, it seems that the immunosenescence state is epigenetically regulated.
Warum in Königsberg, warum Samuel Jessner, warum 1921?
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Kühl Richard , Krischel Matthis , Halling Thorsten , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Dermatovenerologe Samuel Jessner (1859–1929) erhielt im Jahr 1921 einen Lehrauftrag für „Sexuallehren“ an der Universität Königsberg (heute: russ Калининград, Kaliningrad). Im Reichsmedizinalkalender wurde er aber auch als Urologe geführt. Dieser Beitrag zeichnet seinen Lebensweg und sein Wirken nach und fragt, wie Jessner in der Peripherie der deutschen Sexualwissenschaft und ohne enge Anbindung an deren Netzwerke dieser akademische Erfolg gelingen konnte. Sein geringer Einfluss in der Forschung, seine fehlende Anbindung an eine „Schule“ der Sexualwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum und seine jüdische Herkunft waren Faktoren, die sowohl die Wahrnehmung seiner Arbeit unter Zeitgenossen als auch das Vergessen seiner Tätigkeiten in der Geschichtsschreibung präformierten.