bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying The Relationship Between Lockdowns, Mobility, and Effective Reproduction Number (Rt) During The COVID-19 Pandemic in The Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Dainton Christopher , Hay Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of lockdowns in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 has been the subject of intense debate. Data on the relationship between public health restrictions, mobility, and pandemic growth has so far been conflicting. Objective: We assessed the relationship between public health restriction tiers, mobility, and COVID-19 spread in five contiguous public health units (PHUs) in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in Ontario, Canada.Methods: Weekly effective reproduction number (Rt) was calculated based on daily cases in each of the five GTA public health units between March 1, 2020, and March 19, 2021. A global mobility index (GMI) for each PHU was calculated using Google Mobility data. Segmented regressions were used to assess changes in the behaviour of Rt over time. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between GMI and Rt for each PHU and mobility regression coefficients for each mobility variable, accounting for time lag of 0, 7, and 14 days.Results: In all PHUs except Toronto, the most rapid decline in Rt occurred in the first two weeks of the first province-wide lockdown, and this was followed by a slight trend to increased Rt as restrictions decreased. This trend reversed in all PHUs between September 6th and October 10th after which Rt decreased slightly over time without respect to public health restriction tier. GMI began to increase in the first wave even before restrictions were decreased. This secular trend to increased mobility continued into the summer, driven by increased mobility to recreational spaces. The decline in GMI as restrictions were reintroduced coincides with decreasing mobility to parks after September. During the first wave, the correlation coefficients between global mobility and Rt were significant (p<0.01) in all PHUs 14 days after lockdown, indicating moderate to high correlation between decreased mobility and decreased viral reproduction rates, and reflecting that the incubation period brings in a time-lag effect of human mobility on Rt. In the second wave, this relationship was attenuated, and was only significant in Toronto and Durham at 14 days after lockdown.Conclusions: The association between mobility and COVID-19 spread was stronger in the first wave than the second wave. Public health restriction tiers did not alter the existing secular trend toward decreasing Rt over time.
The anti-Jaynes-Cummings model is solvable : quantum Rabi model in rotating and counter-rotating frames ; following the experiments
Authors: Omolo Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article is a response to the continued assumption, cited even in reports and reviews of recent experimental breakthroughs and advances in theoretical methods, that the antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC)interaction is an intractable energy non-conserving component of the quantum Rabi model (QRM). We present three key features of QRM dynamics : (a) the AJC interaction component has a conserved excitation number operator and is exactly solvable (b) QRM dynamical space consists of a rotating frame (RF) dominated by an exactly solved Jaynes-Cummings (JC) interaction specied by a conserved JC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of RF and a correlated counter-rotating frame (CRF) dominated by an exactly solved antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC) interaction specied by a conserved AJC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of CRF (c) for QRM dynamical evolution in RF, the initial atom-eld state je0i is an eigenstate of the effective AJC Hamiltonian HAJC, while the effective JC Hamiltonian HJC drives this initial state je0i into a time evolving entangled state, and, in a corresponding process for QRM dynamical evolution in CRF, the initial atom-eld state jg0i is an eigenstate of the effective JC Hamiltonian, while the effective AJC Hamiltonian drives this initial state jg0i into a time evolving entangled state, thus addressing one of the long-standing challenges of theoretical and experimental QRM dynamics; consistent generalizations of the initial states je0i , jg0i to corresponding n 0 entangled eigenstates j+en i , j 􀀀g ni of the AJC in RF and JC in CRF, respectively, provides general dynamical evolution of QRM characterized by collapses and revivals in the time evolution of the atomic, eld mode, JC and AJC excitation numbers for large initial photon numbers ; the JC and AJC excitation numbers are conserved in the respective frames RF, CRF, but each evolves with time in the alternate frame.
A Geometric Prediction Model of Surface Morphology in Micro-EDM Considering Stochastic Characteristics of Discharge Crater Size
Authors: Hou Shaojie , Bai J C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The surface topography of micro-EDM is closely related to its application range, so it is important to accurately predict the surface morphology. Most of the existing models do not consider the stochastic characteristics and uncertainty of the discharge process, which could produce great differences with the experimental results. Aiming at these problems, the stochastic characteristic of the discharge crater size is studied, and a simulation model is established to predict the surface topography of EDM considering the stochastic characteristics of crater size. Firstly, the stochastic characteristics of the crater size were investigated through the finite-successive pulses discharge method and characterized from the perspective of probability theory. The stochastic characteristics was explained by analyzing discharge waveforms. Secondly, the response surface method (RSM) was used to map the corresponding relationship between the input machining parameters and the distribution characteristics of crater size. It was observed that the RSM model can accurately predict the distribution characteristics of crater size in the range of parameters selected in this study. Finally, models based on stochastic distribution of crater size (MSDS) and fixed crater size (MFS) were established respectively. By analyzing the characteristics of the simulated surfaces and the machined surface, it was found that the surface features of MSDS are closer to the real surface features. Compared with MFS, the roughness prediction error and the average of overall error of MSDS are reduced by 1.01% and 18.97% respectively. The results of this work are helpful to understand the randomness and realize the controllability of EDM.
Finite-time observer based tracking control of uncertain heterogeneous underwater vehicles using adaptive sliding mode approach
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhao Yiyi , Hu Jiangping , Ghosh Bijoy Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigate a finite-time consensus tracking problem for a group of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with heterogeneous uncertain dynamics. We firstly propose a two-layer distributed control strategy, which consists of an upper-layer distributed observer and a lower-layer controller, without using any global information. Based on Hölder's inequality and the theory of finite-time stability, we develop a distributed finite-time observer for each follower to estimate the position information of a leader (i.e., an exosystem). Based on the sliding mode control method, we design a consensus tracking control scheme for each AUV, by which all follower AUVs can track the leader in finite-time. Secondly, when the parameters in the AUV dynamics are uncertain, we introduce a parameter-adaptive sliding mode control algorithm to improve the control performance. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Corrosion Susceptibility of Stainless Steel in Artificial Saliva Containing Citric Acid
Authors: Okereke Chioma J. , Onyenegecha Chibueze Paul , Njoku Ifeanyi Jude 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to investigate the effect of concentration of citric acid in saliva environment on SS 316L and effect of ginger and garlic on SS 316L corrosion in citric acid-containing saliva environment.Methods.Seven SS 316L specimen of dimensions 1cm × 1cm were used for this study. The specimen were subjected to electrochemical corrosion test using an in artificial saliva containing citric acid with varying concentrations of 0.0 g/l, 3.0 g/l, 6.0 g/l, and 9.0 g/l electrochemical cell. 10 g/l each of garlic and ginger were also added to two of artificial saliva samples containing citric acid and one sample of artificial saliva contained 5 g/l of ginger and 5 g/l of garlic added together so as to study the corrosion effects of these substances on the SS 316L specimen in saliva environment. The results were displayed based on Tafel’s plot of current density against potential difference. Also, corrosion rates of the samples were determined and presented in graphical form.Results.The study results showed that citric acid is a good inhibitor of corrosion of SS 316L dental implant in oral environment with its inhibition efficiency depending on its concentration, and that the mechanism of this inhibition can attributed to the adsorption of citric acid onto the metal alloy (SS 316L) surface. The study also concluded that both ginger and garlic are promoters of corrosion of SS 316L alloy implants in saliva environment.
Facilitators and Barriers Return to Work in Working People with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Maddineshat Maryam , Sadeghian Efat , Ghaleiha Ali , Khalafbeigi Mitra , Cheraghi Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Many factors affect return to work (RTW) in employees and workers (hereinafter referred to as working people) with serious mental illness (SMI). Identifying these factors can prevent long-term sick leave absence and work disability. Aim: The current study was conducted to identify facilitators and barriers RTW in working people with SMI admitted to a psychiatric hospital and clinic affiliated with the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2020 on 27 participants with SMI, families, supervisors, managers, and mental health team members. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. A total of 40 interviews were conducted face-to-face and fallow-up by the telephone. The interviews were based on a conventional content analysis approach.Results: Two main themes emerged, including social support and RTW's challenges. Social support consisted of four main categories: emotional support, information support, instrumental support, and supervisor's flexibility. RTW's challenges consisted of two main categories: personal obstacles and general issues.Conclusion: We found that two facilitator and barrier factors including social support and RTW's challenges affected the RTW process in working people with SMI. Identifying facilitator and barrier factors gives us comprehensive information to use in RTW programs and developing policies RTW in working people with SMI.
Interactions of Anti-COVID-19 Drug Candidates With Hepatic Transporters May Cause Liver Toxicity and Affect Drug Metabolism
Authors: Ambrus Csilla , Bakos Éva , Sarkadi Balázs , Özvegy-Laczka Csilla , Telbisz Ágnes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the metabolism of endo-and xenobiotics. Apical (canalicular) transporters extrude compounds to the bile, while basolateral hepatocyte transporters promote the uptake or expel various compounds into the venous blood stream. In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the relevant key transporters in the hepatocytes. These transporters included the ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, OCT1, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited the ABCB11/BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as the OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited ABCC4/MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Thus, these agents may cause severe drug-drug interactions and drug-induced liver injury. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the variable interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
Long COVID Neuropsychological Deficits After Severe, Moderate or Mild Infection
Authors: Voruz Philippe , Allali Gilles , Benzakour Lamyae , Nuber-Champier Anthony , Thomasson Marine , Jacot Isabelle , Pierce Jordan , Lalive Patrice , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Braillard Olivia , Coen Matteo , Serratrice Jacques , Pugin Jerôme , Ptak Radek , Guessous Idriss , Landis Basile Nicolas , Assal Frédéric , Péron Julie Anne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There is growing awareness that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can include long-term neuropsychological deficits, even in its mild or moderate respiratory forms.Methods: Standardized neuropsychological, psychiatric, neurological and olfactory tests were administered to 45 patients (categorized according to the severity of their respiratory symptoms during the acute phase) 236.51 ± 22.54 days post-discharge following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Deficits were found in all the domains of cognition and the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was also high in the three groups. The severe performed more poorly on long-term episodic memory and exhibited greater anosognosia. The moderate had poorer emotion recognition, which was positively correlated with persistent olfactory dysfunction. The mild were more stressed, anxious and depressed.Conclusion: The data support the hypothesis that the virus targets the central nervous system (and notably the limbic system), and support the notion of different neuropsychological phenotypes.
Giving Social Support at Work May Reduce Inflammation on Employees Themselves: A Participatory Workplace Intervention Study Among Japanese Hospital Nurses
Authors: Tondokoro Tsukumi , Nakata Akinori , Otsuka Yasumasa , Yanagihara Nobuyuki , Anan Ayumi , Kodama Hiromi , Satoh Noriaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

ObjectivePreviously, we reported that the participatory workplace intervention was effective in reducing stress-related inflammatory markers, i.e., interleukin-6, among 31 Japanese female nurses. During the analysis, we recognized that our intervention might have increased prosocial behaviors like giving social support to others in some participants. Based on this assumption, we ran a secondary analysis, which examined the effect of giving social support to others on inflammatory markers, autonomic nervous activity, and perceived job stress before and after a 5-month intervention. We divided participants into two groups; those who had increased scores on giving social support after the intervention (Group 1, n = 13), and those who had decreased/unchanged in the scores (Group 2, n = 17). Friedman test was used to examine the changes in outcome measures by the group. ResultsGroup 1 showed significant decreases in interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12/23p40 immediately after the intervention, while interleukin-12/23p40 remained stably decreased three months later; Group 2 did not show changes in these markers. No significant changes were observed regarding autonomic nervous activity and perceived job stress. This study presented a significant insight that giving social support at work may provide health benefits towards employees themselves, via decreasing inflammation in the body.
Numerical Analysis of the Non-Stationary Thermal State of the Tool in the Combined Casting and Extrusion of Non-Ferrous Metals&nbsp;
Authors: Skuratov Alexander Petrovich , Popiyakova Natal'ya Petrovna , Potapenko Alexander Sergeevich , Gorokhov Yuriy Vasilyevich , Kuchinskii Mikhail Yur'yevich , Belyaev Sergey Vladimirovich , Voroshilov Denis Sergeevich , Konstantinov Igor Lazarevich , Ivlev Alexander Vadimovich , Bozhko Dmitriy Nikolaevich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The results of a numerical analysis of unsteady heat transfer in the "metal-mold-environment" system during continuous combined casting and extrusion of an aluminum alloy in an installation with a horizontal carousel mold are presented. The heat engineering zones characterized by different intensity of heat transfer between the melt and the surface of the mold have been determined. A quantitative assessment of the influence of the rate of heating of the crystallizer on the temperature-time characteristics during the period of the transient thermal process is given. It is shown that an increase in the productivity of the installation reduces the duration of the transient thermal process when starting the installation from a cold state until it reaches a stationary thermal regime. The dependence of the time at which the installation reaches the stationary thermal regime on the rotation speed of the crystallizer wheel has been obtained.
A 7-gene signature predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Tang Fucai , Li Zhibiao , Lai Yongchang , Lu Zechao , Lei Hanqi , He Chengwu , He Zhaohui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The biomarkers have an important guiding role in prognosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer(BC). The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate a prognostic gene signature in BC patients.Methods: The gene expression profiles of BC samples and the corresponding clinicopathological data were downloaded from GEO and TCGA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R software. Univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) Cox regression were applied to construct the prognostic score model. A nomogram was established with the identified prognostic factors to predict the overall survival rates of BC patients. The discriminatory and predictive capacity of the nomogram was evaluated based on the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: A 7-gene signature(KLRB1, PLAC9, SETBP1, NR2F1, GRHL2, ANXA1 and APOL1) was identified from 285 DEGs by univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that age, lymphovascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis, metastasis and the 7-gene signature risk score was an independent predictor of BC patient prognosis. A nomogram that integrated these independent prognostic factors was constructed. The C-index (0.73, CI 95%, 0.693–0.767) and calibration curve demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram. DCA of the nomogram further showed that this model exhibited good net benefit.Conclusions: The combined 7-gene signature could serve as a biomarker for predicting BC prognosis. The nomogram built by risk score and other clinical factors could be an effective tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with BC.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Accelerated Publication of Medical Articles
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Xinyi , Sun Yinan , Yin Han , Li Long , Liu Bo , Zhao Weiheng , Wu Bili , Liu Chaofan , Huang Qin , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundExperimental biological research and clinical trials that relied on the healthcare system, access to public laboratory equipment, and adequate space were particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and mobility restrictions. The study is to analyze the influence of COVID-19 on medical research by exploring the clinical trials and articles published by medical researchers worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRoutinely conducted, deferred, and terminated clinical trial statistics from the Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of global medical articles published in 2020 and those from the previous five years were analyzed according to the PubMed database. To conduct subgroup analyses, the articles were classified according to type and research field.Results The total number of publications per month in 2020 increased compared to the number of articles published in 2019. However, a decrease in the number of clinical trials was noted. Reviews and research papers increased by 7.28% and 20.60%, respectively. The number of clinical trial published decreased by 62.29%. The proportion of cancer-related publications (38.44% vs. 44.79%) decreased, whereas the proportion of immunology, pulmonology, and emergency publications (19.23% vs. 17.48%) increased. In the Cancer Center of the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic, of the 46 clinical trials analyzed, 37 (80.40%) were delayed, 8 (17.40%) were remote, and 1 (2.20%) was routine. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had promoted the publication of medical research articles especially those related to the immunology, pulmonology, and emergency medicine. It had a pronounced negative impact on the execution and publication of clinical trials.
Determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storages in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Gari Sirak Robel , Gessew Gebreab Teklebirhan , Reta Mulumebet Tadesse 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Clean and suitable drinking-water is a key component to enhance human health. However, obtaining safe and adequate water is limited in many developing countries. Besides, treated drinking-water are often contaminated at storages and point of use with contaminants and consumption of unclean water poses a great public health problem. This study aimed to assess the determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of water storages in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. 125 food outlets were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Then, 125 drinking-water samples (250 from each) were collected directly from the food outlets drinking-water storages. Moreover, observational checklist was used to assess determinants of drinking-water quality and sanitary risk levels of the storages. Data analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression.Results: This study revealed that, 28.5% of the drinking-water was contaminated with fecal coliforms. Besides, based on WHO criteria, 16.3% and 18.7% of the food outlet drinking-water storages were grouped into high and very high contamination risk levels respectively. Seven (7) explanatory variables were identified as main determinant factors which significantly associated (p-value < 0.03) with the contaminated drinking-water. Conclusion: Most of the food establishments’ drinking-water was free from bacteriological contamination and safe from biological hazards. However, significant number of food establishments’ drinking-water storages had fecal contamination. In the study, many determinant factors that affect drinking-water quality of the food outlets were identified. Therefore, good sanitation and hygiene practice should be practiced at the food establishments. Besides, creation of awareness about drinking water contamination and its health risks should be done by concerned bodies.