bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Ferroelectric‐Based Flexible Sensors Exhibiting Supersensitivity and Multimodal Capability for Detection
Authors: Li Wenru , Li Changhao , Zhang Guangzu , Li Linkai , Huang Kai , Gong Xuetian , Zhang Chao , Zheng An , Tang Yanxue , Wang Zhengzhi , Tong Qiaoling , Dong Wen , Jiang Shenglin , Zhang Sulin , Wang Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough excellent dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties matched with or even surpassing those of ferroelectric ceramics have been recently discovered in molecular ferroelectrics, their successful applications in devices are scarce. The fracture proneness of molecular ferroelectrics under mechanical loading precludes their applications as flexible sensors in bulk crystalline form. Here, self‐powered flexible mechanical sensors prepared from the facile deposition of molecular ferroelectric [C(NH2)3]ClO4 onto a porous polyurethane (PU) matrix are reported. [C(NH2)3]ClO4‐PU is capable of detecting pressure of 3 Pa and strain of 1% that are hardly accessible by the state‐of‐the‐art piezoelectric, triboelectric, and piezoresistive sensors, and presents the ability of sensing multimodal mechanical forces including compression, stretching, bending, shearing, and twisting with high cyclic stability. This scaling analysis corroborated with computational modeling provides detailed insights into the electro‐mechanical coupling and establishes rules of engineering design and optimization for the hybrid sponges. Demonstrative applications of the [C(NH2)3]ClO4‐PU array suggest potential uses in interactive electronics and robotic systems.
Anisotropic Nodal‐Line‐Derived Large Anomalous Hall Conductivity in ZrMnP and HfMnP
Authors: Singh Sukriti , Noky Jonathan , Bhattacharya Shaileyee , Vir Praveen , Sun Yan , Kumar Nitesh , Felser Claudia , Shekhar Chandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nontrivial band structure of semimetals has attracted substantial research attention in condensed matter physics and materials science in recent years owing to its intriguing physical properties. Within this class, a group of nontrivial materials known as nodal‐line semimetals is particularly important. Nodal‐line semimetals exhibit the potential effects of electronic correlation in nonmagnetic materials, whereas they enhance the contribution of the Berry curvature in magnetic materials, resulting in high anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). In this study, two ferromagnetic compounds, namely ZrMnP and HfMnP, are selected, wherein the abundance of mirror planes in the crystal structure ensures gapped nodal lines at the Fermi energy. These nodal lines result in one of the largest AHC values of 2840 Ω−1 cm−1, with a high anomalous Hall angle of 13.6% in these compounds. First‐principles calculations provide a clear and detailed understanding of nodal line‐enhanced AHC. The finding suggests a guideline for searching large AHC compounds.
Crack Suppression in Conductive Film by Amyloid‐Like Protein Aggregation toward Flexible Device
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Yang Facui , Chen Xi , Qin Rongrong , Pi Hemu , Zhou Guijiang , Yang Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA fatal weakness in flexible electronics is the mechanical fracture that occurs during repetitive fatigue deformation; thus, controlling the crack development of the conductive layer is of prime importance and has remained a great challenge until now. Herein, this issue is tackled by utilizing an amyloid/polysaccharide molecular composite as an interfacial binder. Sodium alginate (SA) can take part in amyloid‐like aggregation of the lysozyme, leading to the facile synthesis of a 2D protein/saccharide hybrid nanofilm over an ultralarge area (e.g., >400 cm2). The introduction of SA into amyloid‐like aggregates significantly enhances the mechanical strength of the hybrid nanofilm, which, with the help of amyloid‐mediated interfacial adhesion, effectively diminishes the microcracks in the hybrid nanofilm coating after repetitive bending or stretching. The microcrack‐free hybrid nanofilm then shows high interfacial activity to induce electroless deposition of metal in a Kelvin model on a substrate, which noticeably suppresses the formation of microcracks and consequent conductivity loss during the bending and stretching of the metal‐coated flexible substrates. This work underlines the significance of amyloid/polysaccharide nanocomposites in the design of interfacial binders for reliable flexible electronic devices and represents an important contribution to mimicking amyloid and polysaccharide‐based adhesive cements created by organisms.
Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Porous Single‐Layer Graphene Membranes with High Gas Permeances and Selectivities
Authors: Yuan Zhe , He Guangwei , Faucher Samuel , Kuehne Matthias , Li Sylvia Xin , Blankschtein Daniel , Strano Michael S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSingle‐layer graphene containing molecular‐sized in‐plane pores is regarded as a promising membrane material for high‐performance gas separations due to its atomic thickness and low gas transport resistance. However, typical etching‐based pore generation methods cannot decouple pore nucleation and pore growth, resulting in a trade‐off between high areal pore density and high selectivity. In contrast, intrinsic pores in graphene formed during chemical vapor deposition are not created by etching. Therefore, intrinsically porous graphene can exhibit high pore density while maintaining its gas selectivity. In this work, the density of intrinsic graphene pores is systematically controlled for the first time, while appropriate pore sizes for gas sieving are precisely maintained. As a result, single‐layer graphene membranes with the highest H2/CH4 separation performances recorded to date (H2 permeance > 4000 GPU and H2/CH4 selectivity > 2000) are fabricated by manipulating growth temperature, precursor concentration, and non‐covalent decoration of the graphene surface. Moreover, it is identified that nanoscale molecular fouling of the graphene surface during gas separation where graphene pores are partially blocked by hydrocarbon contaminants under experimental conditions, controls both selectivity and temperature dependent permeance. Overall, the direct synthesis of porous single‐layer graphene exploits its tremendous potential as high‐performance gas‐sieving membranes.
A Bioinspired Stretchable Sensory‐Neuromorphic System
Authors: Kim Sun Hong , Baek Geun Woo , Yoon Jiyong , Seo Seunghwan , Park Jinhong , Hahm Donghyo , Chang Jun Hyuk , Seong Duhwan , Seo Hyunseon , Oh Seyong , Kim Kyunghwan , Jung Heeyoung , Oh Youngsu , Baac Hyoung Won , Alimkhanuly Batyrbek , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Minbaek , Kwak Jeonghun , Park Jin‐Hong , Son Donghee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConventional stretchable electronics that adopt a wavy design, a neutral mechanical plane, and conformal contact between abiotic and biotic interfaces have exhibited diverse skin‐interfaced applications. Despite such remarkable progress, the evolution of intelligent skin prosthetics is challenged by the absence of the monolithic integration of neuromorphic constituents into individual sensing and actuating components. Herein, a bioinspired stretchable sensory‐neuromorphic system, comprising an artificial mechanoreceptor, artificial synapse, and epidermal photonic actuator is demonstrated; these three biomimetic functionalities correspond to a stretchable capacitive pressure sensor, a resistive random‐access memory, and a quantum dot light‐emitting diode, respectively. This system features a rigid‐island structure interconnected with a sinter‐free printable conductor, which is optimized by controlling the evaporation rate of solvent (≈160% stretchability and ≈18 550 S cm−1 conductivity). Devised design improves both areal density and structural reliability while avoiding the thermal degradation of heat‐sensitive stretchable electronic components. Moreover, even in the skin deformation range, the system accurately recognizes various patterned stimuli via an artificial neural network with training/inferencing functions. Therefore, the new bioinspired system is expected to be an important step toward implementing intelligent wearable electronics.
Abnormally High‐Lithium Storage in Pure Crystalline C60 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yin Linghong , Cho Jiung , Kim Su Jae , Jeon Il , Jeon Injun , Park Mihee , Park Minjoon , Jeong Se‐Young , Lee Dae Hyung , Seo Dong‐Hwa , Cho Chae‐Ryong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLi+ intercalates into a pure face‐centered‐cubic (fcc) C60 structure instead of being adsorbed on a single C60 molecule. This hinders the excess storage of Li ions in Li‐ion batteries, thereby limiting their applications. However, the associated electrochemical processes and mechanisms have not been investigated owing to the low electrochemical reactivity and poor crystallinity of the C60 powder. Herein, a facile method for synthesizing pure fcc C60 nanoparticles with uniform morphology and superior electrochemical performance in both half‐ and full‐cells is demonstrated using a 1 m LiPF6 solution in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1 vol%) with 10% fluoroethylene carbonate. The specific capacity of the C60 nanoparticles during the second discharge reaches ≈750 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, approximately twice that of graphite. Moreover, by applying in situ X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and first‐principles calculations, an abnormally high Li storage in a crystalline C60 structure is proposed based on the vacant sites among the C60 molecules, Li clusters at different sites, and structural changes during the discharge/charge process. The fcc of C60 transforms tetragonal via orthorhombic LixC60 and back to the cubic phase during discharge. The presented results will facilitate the development of novel fullerene‐based anode materials for Li‐ion batteries.
Atomically Isolated Rh Sites within Highly Branched Rh2Sb Nanostructures Enhance Bifunctional Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Gen , Zhao Zhonglong , Han Lili , Feng Yonggang , Liu Shangheng , Xu Bingyan , Liao Honggang , Lu Gang , Xin Huolin L. , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBreaking the bottleneck of hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions (HOR/HER) in alkaline media is of tremendous importance for the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells/water electrolyzers. Atomically dispersed active sites are known to exhibit excellent activity and selectivity toward diverse catalytic reactions. Here, a class of unique Rh2Sb nanocrystals with multiple nanobranches (denoted as Rh2Sb NBs) and atomically dispersed Rh sites are reported as promising electrocatalysts for alkaline HOR/HER. Rh2Sb NBs/C exhibits superior HER performance with a low overpotential and a small Tafel slope, outperforming both Rh NBs/C and commercial Pt/C. Significantly, Rh2Sb NBs show outstanding HOR performance of which the HOR specific activity and mass activity are about 9.9 and 10.1 times to those of Rh NBs/C, and about 4.2 and 3.7 times to those of Pt/C, respectively. Strikingly, Rh2Sb NBs can also exhibit excellent CO tolerance during HOR, whose activity can be largely maintained even at 100 ppm CO impurity. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unsaturated Rh sites on Rh2Sb NBs surface are crucial for the enhanced alkaline HER and HOR activities. This work provides a unique catalyst design for efficient hydrogen electrocatalysis, which is critical for the development of alkaline fuel cells and beyond.
Femtosecond Laser Patterning Wettability‐Assisted PDMS for Fabrication of Flexible Silver Nanowires Electrodes
Authors: Liang Chang , Su Wenming , Sun Xiaoyan , Hu Youwang , Duan Ji'an 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a facile method is demonstrated to fabricate high resolution silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrode by combining femtosecond laser patterning and oxygen plasma treatment. The laser precision cutting selectively removes the thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mask to expose the target PDMS substrate. The subsequent oxygen plasma treatment makes the target substrate hydrophilic. The resulting wetting/dewetting pattern allows for selective trapping of AgNWs solutions into the hydrophilic regions. The geometry of AgNWs electrode can be readily tuned by varying the cutting path of laser patterning mask. Improving the cutting accuracy of mask by adjusting laser processing parameters, the minimum width of the AgNWs electrode can be reduced to 50 µm. The prepared AgNWs electrodes show good conductivity even after tensile strain less than 20% or 5000 bending cycles at 4 mm bending radius. Furthermore, using the patterned AgNWs electrodes, flexible electroluminescent displays are constructed, which exhibit bright and uniform emission with clear edges; even the track width is only 50 µm. This method provides a novel approach to pattern complex electrode for the application of flexible electronic products.
Thermoplasmonic Patterning of Silver Nanocrystal/Polymer Composite Thin Films
Authors: Prezgot Daniel , Bottomley Adam , Jorgenson Emma , Ianoul Anatoli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lithographic patterning of polymer films is ubiquitous in manufacturing processes. In this work, the high photothermal conversion efficiency utilizes plasmonic nanoparticles to locally pattern polystyrene films. Silver nanocubes on polystyrene thin films are used as a heat source for photothermal lithographic patterning using a continuous‐wave, visible laser. Distinct states of the nanocomposite defined by their own far‐field optical properties and microscale topography are observed. At low intensities the nanocubes can be embedded into the polymer at a nanometer scale displacement precision and produce a notable shift in the distinct localized surface plasmon resonance, enabling two‐color optical patterning. Numerical modelling indicates the temperatures reached in the film surpass polystyrene's glass transition temperature (Tg, ≈90 °C). At higher laser intensities sufficient temperatures are reached to achieve pronounced polymer film displacement enabling direct‐write lithography. Temperature estimates highlight the role of collective contribution of nanoparticle heating in the process. The process can be controlled by selecting excitation wavelengths to tune the power absorbed by the nanocubes in accordance with their plasmonic absorption spectrum. The approach here outlines a general method of 2D optical patterning utilizing thermoplasmonics, which can be further expanded to other materials, applications, and potentially to subdiffraction length scales.
Novel Multifunctional Janus‐Type Membrane on Al Anode for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Wang Yue‐Feng , Yu Ying , Wang Jia‐Le , Peng Lai‐Hu , Zuo Yu‐Xin , Zuo Chun‐Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNovel multifunctional Janus‐type membrane with both hydrophobic and anticorrosion abilities is constructed on the surface of aluminum (Al), using MoS2 as a hydrophobic layer and ZnO as a corrosion‐resistant layer. Al anode coated with the Janus‐type membrane is used as an example to study the specific property of the as‐prepared Janus‐type membrane. In the Al–air battery, the self‐corrosion of the Al anode is well inhibited since the Janus‐type membrane can block the invasion of excess hydroxide ions and water molecules simultaneously. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of the Janus‐type membrane is as high as 79.2%. Furthermore, the electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the discharge specific capacity of the Al–air battery with the Janus‐type membrane can reach up to 2095 mAh g−1, approximately two times as much as that of traditional batteries. The integrated strategy of combining hydrophobic and anticorrosion membrane is a novel method for corrosion protection of metal electrode. This Janus‐type membrane holds a great potential toward corrosion inhibition for the other metal in alkaline environment as well.
Inorganic Aqueous Anionic Redox Liquid Electrolyte for Supercapacitors
Authors: Pang Le , Wang Hongxia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnergy storage system based on supercapacitors is known for its high power density but suffers low energy density. To address this issue, aqueous anionic redox liquid electrolyte (AARLE) has been explored to enhance the energy density of supercapacitors by taking advantage of AARLE's favorable features including fast transport of ions in the liquid medium and electrochemical charge transfer of the redox couple in the liquid electrolyte, which is expected to produce supercapacitors with desirable high density of energy and power. The past few years have witnessed the progress of AARLE in energy storage applications such as supercapacitors. Given the significant potential of AARLE in supercapacitors, in this article, the application of AARLE in different types of supercapacitors, including electrical double‐layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and asymmetric supercapacitors is reviewed. The performance of the supercapacitors that utilize AARLE with representative redox couple species such as Br−/Br3−, I−/I3−, I2/IO3−, S2−/Sx2−, Fe(CN)64−/Fe(CN)63− is summarized and systematically analyzed in terms of specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and cycling stability. The underlying mechanism of these representative anionic redox species is shown in supercapacitors. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these anionic redox species are discussed regarding delivering stable supercapacitors with high energy density and power density for practical applications. Finally, the challenge and opportunity of AARLE for supercapacitors are presented. It is hoped that this timely review on this critical topic can offer a new perspective for developing high‐performance supercapacitors by taking advantage of the anionic redox charge storage in the liquid electrolytes in the future.
POSS Polyimide Sealed Flexible Triple‐Junction GaAs Thin‐Film Solar Cells for Space Applications
Authors: Qian Min , Mao Xiaojun , Wu Min , Cao Zhangyi , Liu Qing , Sun Lijie , Gao Yang , Xuan Xiaoyang , Pan Yu , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlexibility and light weight are beneficial to reduce load, reduce volume, integrate device, and is the development trend of space science and technology. However, current solar cells on spacecrafts are still based on rigid triple‐junction GaAs solar cells covered by anti‐radiation glasses, which are heavy, non‐flexible, takes large separate space, and cannot be integrated with a spacecraft. To solve these problems, in this work, a transparent polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) polyimide film sealed flexible triple‐junction GaAs thin‐film solar cell has been developed by thermal lamination, with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 28.44% (AM0, 25°C) and stable performance upon a 4.1×1021atoms cm−2atomic oxygen exposure and an 89.5 ESH ultra‐violet exposure. Systematical space irradiations have been conducted to the transparent POSS polyimide sealing films by ground facilities in terms of atomic oxygen, ultra‐violet, electron, electron and proton, gamma ray, and thermal cycling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmittance, mechanical tensile strength has been tested for exploring the mechanism of space environmental effects on transparent POSS polyimide film. This study suggests a transparent POSS polyimide sealed triple‐junction GaAs thin‐film solar cell with promising potentials in flexible, lightweight, integration for durable high‐efficiency power supplies in low and high Earth orbits.
Enzymatic Bioluminescence Modulation with an ATP Synthase Integrated Biotransducer
Authors: Chen Yukun , Cui Mingyin , Lin Chenliang , Liu Bingfu , Mitome Noriyo , Miyake Takeo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIon carriers play an important role in biology in terms of control of a biological system, whereas electron carriers are key to engineered systems. Therefore, a biodevice requires an electron–ion coupling mechanism that can transmit an ion signal from a device to a biological system via an external voltage. In this study, a protonic biodevice is demonstrated that translates the proton signals from the device into an enzyme cascade by means of an ATP synthase and bioluminescent luciferase. The proton signals can be modulated through the applied potential to a sulfonated polyaniline biotransducer, with such protonic modulation controlling ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase membrane, followed by bioluminescence in the luciferin–luciferase reaction. The present electron–proton‐transportation platform provides a new means of controlling biological cascade reactions, with proton signals mediated by an external voltage.
Fingerprint‐Inspired High Conductive PEDOT‐Coated Nanofiber Film for Ultra‐Sensitive, Stretchable, and Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor
Authors: Fang Xiaohui , Zhao Shikun , Qin Zhen , Lv Yuhuan , Pan Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlexible piezoresistive sensors are extensively applied in smart health monitoring systems due to their excellent shape adaptability, portability, and comfortableness. However, constructing piezoresistive sensors with both high sensitivities and wide pressure range remains a huge challenge. In this paper, inspired by the fingerprint structure, a 3D poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) coated wrinkled nanofiber film based flexible piezoresistive sensor is developed through a simple method. Benefiting from the undulating structure of the conductive nanofiber film, there are abundant micro‐ridges on the surface of the rough nanofiber network, which make a significant contribution to the construction of new conductive paths under different pressures. This assembled sensor exhibits an ultra‐high sensitivity of 397.54 kPa−1 in a small pressure range (0–3 kPa) as well as an ultra‐wide pressure range of 0–25.48 kPa. In addition, it can maintain stable signal output even after 16 500 compression cycles. Furthermore, this high‐performance piezoresistive sensor is demonstrated to accurately identify the wrist pulse and joint bending of human body, which enables an extensive application prospect in the field of wearable electronics.
A Rapid Detection of COVID‐19 Viral RNA in Human Saliva Using Electrical Double Layer‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistor‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Paulose Akhil K. , Huang Chih‐Cheng , Chen Po‐Hsuan , Tripathi Adarsh , Chen Pin‐Hsuan , Huang Yu‐Shan , Wang Yu‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn light of the swift outspread and considerable mortality, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) necessitates a rapid screening tool and a precise diagnosis. Saliva is considered as an alternative specimen to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) since the viral load is comparable to what are found in a throat and a nasal cavity. The electrical double layer (EDL)‐gated field‐effect transistor‐based biosensor (BioFET) emerges as a promising candidate for salivary COVID‐19 tests due to a high sensitivity, a portable configuration, a label‐free operation, and a matrix insensitivity. In this work, the authors utilize EDL‐gated BioFETs to detect complementary DNAs (cDNAs) and viral RNAs with various testing conditions such as switches of probes, temperature treatments, and matrices. The selectivity is confirmed with cDNA and noncomplementary DNA (ncDNA), exhibiting an eightfold difference in electrical signals. The matrix insensitivity is evaluated, and BioFETs successfully validate the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐gene RNA down to 1 fm in diluted human saliva with a 95°C‐ and a 25°C‐treatment, respectively. This proposed system has a high potential to be deployed for an on‐site COVID‐19 screening, improving the disease control and benefitting frontline healthcare system.