bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–Retest Data for the Assessment of Breast MRI Radiomic Feature Repeatability
Authors: Granzier R.W.Y. , Ibrahim A. , Primakov S. , Keek S.A. , Halilaj I. , Zwanenburg A. , Engelen S.M.E. , Lobbes M.B.I. , Lambin P. , Woodruff H.C. , Smidt M.L. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundRadiomic features extracted from breast MRI have potential for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. However, before they can be used as biomarkers in clinical decision support systems, features need to be repeatable and reproducible.ObjectiveIdentify repeatable radiomics features within breast tissue on prospectively collected MRI exams through multiple test–retest measurements.Study TypeProspective.Population11 healthy female volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T; MRI exams, comprising T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo (T2W) sequence, native T1‐weighted turbo gradient‐echo (T1W) sequence, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequence using b‐values 0/150/800, and corresponding derived ADC maps.Assessment18 MRI exams (three test–retest settings, repeated on 2 days) per healthy volunteer were examined on an identical scanner using a fixed clinical breast protocol. For each scan, 91 features were extracted from the 3D manually segmented right breast using Pyradiomics, before and after image preprocessing. Image preprocessing consisted of 1) bias field correction (BFC); 2) z‐score normalization with and without BFC; 3) grayscale discretization using 32 and 64 bins with and without BFC; and 4) z‐score normalization + grayscale discretization using 32 and 64 bins with and without BFC.Statistical TestsFeatures' repeatability was assessed using concordance correlation coefficient(CCC) for each pair, i.e. each MRI was compared to each of the remaining 17 MRI with a cut‐off value of CCC > 0.90.ResultsImages without preprocessing produced the highest number of repeatable features for both T1W sequence and ADC maps with 15 of 91 (16.5%) and 8 of 91 (8.8%) repeatable features, respectively. Preprocessed images produced between 4 of 91 (4.4%) and 14 of 91 (15.4%), and 6 of 91 (6.6%) and 7 of 91 (7.7%) repeatable features, respectively for T1W and ADC maps. Z‐score normalization produced highest number of repeatable features, 26 of 91 (28.6%) in T2W sequences, in these images, no preprocessing produced 11 of 91 (12.1%) repeatable features.Data ConclusionRadiomic features extracted from T1W, T2W sequences and ADC maps from breast MRI exams showed a varying number of repeatable features, depending on the sequence. Effects of different preprocessing procedures on repeatability of features were different for each sequence.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
The global disease burden of varicella‐zoster virus infection from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Wu Yinlian , Wang Mingfang , Jiang Jiaji , Zhu Yueyong , Kumar Rahul , Lin Su 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData on the global epidemiology of varicella‐zoster virus infection (VZVI) is limited. This study aimed to investigate the burden of VZVI based on the global burden of disease study 2019 data. The age‐standardized rates, including the incidence, death, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of VZVI were calculated to evaluate the disease burden of VZVI. The global numbers of incident and death cases due to VZVI were 83 963 744 and 14 553, respectively. The age‐standardized incidence rate of VZVI increased slightly all over the world, while the age‐standardized death and DALYs rate decreased from 1990 to 2019 (EAPC = −2.31 and −1.61, respectively). The younger age (<5 years old) and older groups had the highest VZVI burden. The high sociodemographic index (SDI) region had the highest age‐standardized incidence rates in 2019 (1236.28/100 000, 95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1156.66–1335.50) and the low SDI region had the lowest incidence (1111.24/100 000, 95% UI: 1040.46–1209.55). The age‐standardized death and DALYs rate of VZVI decreased with the increase of SDI. Amongst the 21 geographical regions, the high‐income Asia‐Pacific (1269.08/100 000) region had the highest age‐standardized incidence rate in 2019, while Sub‐Saharan Africa had the highest age‐standardized death and DALYs rate. The global incidence of VZVI has continued to increase in the past 3 decades, while the age‐standardized death and DALYs rates have decreased. More attention should be paid to the younger and older population, as well as low SDI regions.
Roles of the polybasic furin cleavage site of spike protein in SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, pathogenesis, and host immune responses and vaccination
Authors: Hossain Md. Golzar , Tang Yan‐dong , Akter Sharmin , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe polybasic furin cleavage site insertion with four amino acid motifs (PRRA) in spike protein's S1/S2 junction site is important in determining viral infectivity, transmission, and host range. However, there is no review so far explaining the effect of the furin cleavage site of the spike protein on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and pathogenesis in the host and immune responses and vaccination. Therefore, here we specifically focused on genomic evolution and properties of the cleavage site of spike protein in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 followed by its effect on viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis. We also explored whether the spike protein furin cleavage site affected the host immune responses and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. This review will help to provide novel insights into the effects of polybasic furin cleavage site on the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab treatment have a better outcome against COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiang Huai‐rong , He Bei , Li Yun , Cheng Xuan , Zhang Qi‐zhi , Peng Wen‐xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBamlanivimab is routinely used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment in patients with COVID‐19. We searched articles from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and medRxiv between January 30, 2020 and August 5, 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group to assess the efficiency of bamlanivimab in treating patients with COVID‐19. Our meta‐analysis retrieved three RCTs and seven cohort studies including 14 461 patients. Bmlanivimab may help outpatients to prevent hospitalization or emergency department visits (RR 0.41, 95%CI 0.29−0.58), reduce ICU admission (RR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23−0.92), and mortality (RR 0.32, 95%CI 0.13−0.77) from the disease. The combination of bamlanivimab and etesevimab may have a greater potential for positive treatment outcomes. Bamlanivimab has demonstrated clinical efficacy on mild or moderate ill patients with COVID‐19 to prevent hospitalization, reduce severity, and mortality from the disease. Combinations of bamlanivimab and etesevimab have a significant relative risk reduction for COVID‐related hospitalization or death for patients than the monotherapy 700 mg group. Well‐designed clinical trials to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics in the COVID‐19 patients' population that could benefit from bamlanivimab or plus etesevimab are warranted in the future.
In vitro visualization and quantitative characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth dynamics on polyether ether ketone
Authors: Spake Carole S. L. , Berns Ellis M. , Sahakian Lori , Turcu Adrian , Clayton Ahsia , Glasser Jillian , Barrett Caitlin , Barber Douglas , Antoci Valentin , Born Christopher T. , Garcia Dioscaris R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevention and treatment of orthopedic device‐related infection (ODRI) is complicated by the formation of bacterial biofilms. Biofilm formation involves dynamic production of macromolecules that contribute to the structure of the biofilm over time. Limitations to clinically relevant and translational biofilm visualization and measurement hamper advances in this area of research. In this paper, we present a multimodal methodology for improved characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) as a model for ODRI. PEEK discs were inoculated with P. aeruginosa, incubated for 4−48 h time intervals, and fixed with 10% neutral‐buffered formalin. Samples were stained with fluorescent dyes to measure biofilm components, imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantified. We were able to visualize and quantify P. aeruginosa biofilm growth on PEEK implants over 48 h. Based on imaging data, we propose a generalized growth cycle that can inform orthopedic diagnostic and treatment for this pathogen on PEEK. These results demonstrate the potential of using a combined CLSM and SEM approach for determining biofilm structure, composition, post‐adherence development on orthopedic materials. This model may be used for quantitative biofilm analysis for other pathogens and other materials of orthopedic relevance for translational study of ODRI.
Triphasic calcium‐based implant material resorbs and is replaced with bone in ovariectomized rats with or without bisphosphonate treatment
Authors: Shaul Jonathan , Hill Ronald , Bruder Scott , Tilton Annemarie , Howe James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of AGN1, a triphasic calcium‐based material, and alendronate (A) on distal femoral defect bone repair in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Of 106 rats, 92 were OVX'ed at 12 weeks old and underwent a 12‐week induction period. Animals were randomized into five groups: OVX Control, OVX Alendronate Control, Normal Control, OVX Implantation, OVX Alendronate + Implantation. OVX Alendronate Control and OVX Alendronate + Implantation groups received alendronate injection twice weekly (0.015 mg/kg) from 6 weeks until sacrifice. Twelve weeks after OVX, 2.5 mm diameter by 4.0 mm long cylindrical, bilateral distal femoral defects were created in experimental animals. One defect was left empty, and one filled with AGN1. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometry were performed 0‐, 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐week postdefect/implantation surgery (N = 6–8/group). Results showed OVX induced significant and progressive bone loss which alendronate prevented. Histomorphometry demonstrated rapid AGN1 resorption: AGN1 resorbed from 95.1 ± 0.7% filling of the implant site (week 0) to 1.3 ± 1.0% (18 weeks) with no significant alendronate effect (1.6 ± 1.1%, 18 weeks). Bone formation in empty defects consisted primarily of cortical wall healing, whereas AGN1 implants demonstrated cortical wall healing with new trabecular bone filling the subcortical space. Alendronate dramatically increased bone formation in empty and AGN1 defects. We conclude AGN1 is resorbed and replaced by new cortical and trabecular bone in this OVX model, and alendronate did not compromise these effects.
Protective effects on ovalbumin‐induced mouse asthma models and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple compounds in Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba
Authors: Liu Chunhua , You Jingrui , Lu Yuan , Sun Jia , Pan Jie , Li Yongjun , Liu Ting , Li Yueting , Wang Aimin , Zhang Xu , Wang Yonglin , Pan Weidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGerberae Piloselloidis Herba is widely used to treat cough and asthma in China. However, its effects on allergic asthma as related to its chemical compositions have not been fully elucidated, and there is a scarcity of methods to determine multi‐component contents for quality control. In this study, protective effects of Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba on ovalbumin‐induced asthma models were investigated, while qualitative and quantitative analyses of multiple constituents in Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba were conducted by using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry and an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The results showed that Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba could significantly mitigate asthma symptoms, reduce eosinophils counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as decrease IgE, IL‐5, and IL‐13 concentration, and inflammatory cellular infiltration in lung tissues. A total of 51 compounds were tentatively identified, in which the content of 10 representative compounds was determined in 24 batches of Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba by using an ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography method with good linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy, and stability. This research presents a comprehensive strategy combining biological activity evaluation with chemical profiling, providing a useful and comprehensive reference for further application and quality control of Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba.
Gustatory Function and Salivary Flow Rate in Healthy Adults
Authors: Huang Xiaobing , Guo Yichen , Wei Yongxiang 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisIn this study, we assessed gustatory function and whole‐mouth saliva in healthy adults and investigated the association between gustatory function, salivary flow rate (SFR), and dry mouth.Study DesignDescriptive clinical study.MethodsWe recruited 413 participants who reported a normal sense of smell–taste, comprising 206 females and 207 males with an age range of 19 to 80 years. Taste scores were obtained using whole‐mouth tests to evaluate the gustatory function, SFR was assessed using the spitting method, and dry mouth was measured with the visual analog scale.ResultsThe total taste score (TTS) and SFR were significantly negatively correlated with age (rtaste = −0.522, P < .001; rSFR = −0.200, P < .001): TTS was significantly lower after the age of 50 and SFR decreased significantly after age 65. Women exhibited a significantly higher TTS than men (P < .001). However, there was no effect of sex on SFR. Dry mouth was negatively correlated with TTS (r = −0.223, P < .01) and SFR (r = −0.218, P < .01). Multiple regression analysis showed the independent variables of age, sex, and dry mouth predicted 34% of the variation in taste, while the independent variables of age and dry mouth predicted 6.1% of the variation in whole‐mouth saliva. TTS was not significantly correlated with the SFR in healthy adults (r = 0.094, P = .056).ConclusionsAge and dry mouth are important factors affecting gustatory function and whole‐mouth saliva, with women exhibiting better taste sensitivity than men. Furthermore, there is no direct correlation between SFR and gustatory function in healthy adults.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:844–848, 2022
Integrated, Ultra‐Compact High‐Q Silicon Nitride Microresonators for Low‐Repetition‐Rate Soliton Microcombs
Authors: Ye Zhichao , Lei Fuchuan , Twayana Krishna , Girardi Marcello , Andrekson Peter A. , Torres‐Company Victor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple applications of relevance in photonics, such as spectrally efficient coherent communications, microwave synthesis or the calibration of astronomical spectrographs, would benefit from soliton microcombs operating at repetition rates <50GHz. However, attaining soliton microcombs with low repetition rates using photonic integration technologies represents a formidable challenge. Expanding the cavity volume results in a drop of intracavity intensity that can only be offset by an encompassing rise in quality factor. In addition, reducing the footprint of the microresonator on an integrated circuit requires race‐track designs that typically result into modal coupling losses and disruptions into the dispersion, preventing the generation of the dissipative single soliton state. Here, we report the generation of sub‐50GHz soliton microcombs in dispersion‐engineered silicon nitride microresonators. In contrast to other approaches, the authors' devices feature an optimized racetrack design that minimizes the coupling to higher‐order modes and reduces the footprint size by an order of magnitude to ≈1mm2. The statistical intrinsic Q reaches 19 million, and soliton microcombs at 20.5 and 14.0 GHz repetition rates are successfully generated. Importantly, the fabrication process is entirely subtractive, meaning that the devices can be directly patterned on the silicon nitride film.
Single‐Ion Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(ether sulfone) for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: You Yingxue , Liang Xiaoxiao , Wang Pinhui , Wang Yanmiao , Liu Wanli , Liu Bairun , Liu Baijun , Sun Zhaoyan , Hu Wei , Zhang NiaoNa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a poly(ether sulfone) is grafted with lithium 3‐chloroproanesulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiCPSI) through Williamson reaction to obtain a poly(ether sulfone) single‐ion polymer (PES‐LiCPSI). PES‐LiCPSI and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) are mixed and then soaked with plasticizer (EC/PC = 1:1, v/v) to obtain a novel single‐ion gel polymer electrolyte (PES‐GPE). Its ionic conductivity of the prepared electrolyte is 7.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 20 °C, and the tensile strength is increased to 50.5 MPa. The lithium‐ion transfer number is up to 0.92, which should be helpful to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites effectively. LiFePO4/PES‐GPE/Li half cells assembled with PES‐GPE possesses outstanding cycle performance and rate performance. It releases a specific capacity of 128 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate is as high as 97% after 370 cycles. The excellent properties of PES‐GPE demonstrate its massive capacity in high‐power and long‐cycle lithium‐ion batteries.
Approximation and Gâteaux differentiability of convex function in Banach spaces
Authors: Shang Shaoqiang , Cui Yunan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that if f is a convex continuous function on a Gâteaux differentiability space X, then for any separable closed subspace E of X, there exists a sequence of continuous convex functions such that (1) on X; (2) is Gâteaux differentiable at all points of a dense open subset of X; (3) on E. Moreover, if X is separable, then there exists a continuous convex function sequence such that (1) and (2) are true and on X.
Oxime–Urethane Structure‐Based Dynamically Crosslinked Polyurethane with Robust Reprocessing Properties
Authors: Lei Yuan , Fu Xiaowei , Jiang Liang , Liu Zhimeng , Lei Jingxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCrosslinked polyurethane with excellent mechanical property, solvent resistance, and transparency has become one of the most widely used materials. However, the presence of chemical crosslinks makes it difficult to be reprocessed once molded, which largely restricts its recycling and reusing, resulting in the serious waste problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to prepare a new type of crosslinked polyurethane with reprocessing function. In this work, a novel reprocessable polyurethane (DOPU) based on reversible dibutanone oxime‐carbamate bonds is facilely prepared. The gel fraction of DOPUs is all higher than 95%, endowing it with excellent solvent resistance. Meanwhile, the visible light transmittance of DOPUs can reach up to 97.48%. After four thermal recycles, the tensile strength and elongation at break of recycled DOPUs can still remain at 3.21 MPa and 219.09%, respectively. Importantly, the synthesized DOPUs exhibit excellent elastic shape memory and permanent shape reconstruction properties under thermal stimulation. The dibutanone oxime‐carbamate bonds can also be degraded under UV irradiation, making this material easily degradable. Hence, this material has potential applications in coatings, elastomers, and some other fields.
Key approaches to diagnosing malnutrition in adults
Authors: Malone Ainsley , Mogensen Kris M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNutrition assessment is used to describe nutrition status–related nutrition problems and their causes, one of which includes malnutrition. Four malnutrition diagnostic tools are currently in use today in adults: Subjective Global Assessment, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition malnutrition consensus characteristics, and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. The aim of this article is to provide sufficient background of these methodologies to assist clinicians in choosing their approach in diagnosing malnutrition. There is substantial overlap between the criteria included in these malnutrition diagnostic approaches. A desired goal is to identify a core data set in order to evaluate malnutrition prevalence globally and to assess the impact of nutrition interventions on nutrition and clinical outcomes.
Multi‐material topology optimization of a rotating electrical machine with a density‐based method
Authors: Cherrière Théodore , Laurent Luc , Hlioui Sami , Louf François , Ben Ahmed Hamid , Gabsi Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTopology optimization (TO) has been extensively studied in the past decades especially in mechanical engineering. Among different techniques, density‐based methods have become very popular. In electrical engineering, TO has been applied essentially to linear actuators [1] or machines rotors [2] [3], but few works such as [4] deal with the coil repartition within the stator of rotating machines.In this study, we investigate a density‐based topology optimization method, which aims to maximize the average torque of a rotating electrical machine from random or uniform initial material repartition. Material properties such as magnetic permeability or current density are interpolated on densities between each material to obtain a differentiable optimization problem, using SIMP or RAMP [5] for example. A custom magnetostatic finite element solver was implemented on MATLAB®. It takes into account the non‐linearity of magnetic materials with Newton‐Raphson method. The optimization algorithm relies on sensitivities obtained by the adjoint variable method (AVM) [6]. The methodology was performed for two test cases :• optimization of iron/air repartition within the rotor of a synchronous reluctant machine (SRM)• optimization of coils/iron/air repartition within the stator of a one phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM).In the air/iron case, a filtering technique inspired by ESO [7] is applied: iron which carries few magnetic flux is removed. No filtering was applied in the multi‐material case, but a normalization of the gradient was investigated.As a result, we obtain flux barriers [8] for the optimized SRM rotor, which correspond to industrial designs. However, some convergence issues happened, especially for multi‐material optimization. The gradient normalization helps preventing this phenomenom but leads to surprising asymmetric designs, which need further investigations. It is also necessary to improve the robustness of the method especially for high current density, in order to optimize both the rotor and the stator. Multiphysics considerations will be taken into account in future work.