bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and overexpression of esterases-encoding Lip900 and Lip3954 through metagenomic sequencing of paddy soil
Authors: Chen Yu Pei , Lee Pei Chi , Wu Hong Tan , Wang Guey Horng , Tsai Chai Fang , Young Chiu Chung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A lot of industrial genes can be explored from the metagenomic sequences. In this study, metagenome sequencing of paddy soil was carried out, and several putative open reading frames (ORFs) involved in the lipolytic activity can be identified. Lipolytic enzymes are widely used in different industrial applications, such as biodiesel production, bioremediation, and waste treatment. To verify the lipolytic enzymes of assembly ORFs, two putative genes encoding esterase, namely Lip900 and Lip3594, which shared 47.6% and 43.7% identities with the uncharacterized esterase proteins, were synthesized and constructed with pET-30a for Escherichia coli overexpression. Lip900 and Lip3594 belonging to VI and XII families were successfully obtained and characterized. The results of recombinant proteins indicated that Lip900 and Lip3594 preferred to hydrolyze short-length p-nitrophenyl (p-NP) esters such as p-NP butyrate (C4). The optimal temperature and pH for both Lip900 and Lip3594 were 30°C and pH 7, respectively. Nevertheless, Lip3594 had a higher relative activity than Lip900 when the temperature was over 40°C. The effect of various reagents on Lip900 and Lip3594 activities was determined. The inhibition of Lip900 and Lip3594 was observed in the presence of MgSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). However, the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can improve the lipolytic activity, indicating these esterases without metal ions as the cofactor. Moreover, Lip900 and Lip3594 were resistant to methanol, ethanol, and butanol. Over 81.6% of the relative activity of Lip900 can be attained when these organic solvents of alcohol were added to 10%. These results revealed that Lip900 and Lip3594 have potential applications in various industries.
Generalized proportional integral disturbance observer-based fuzzy sliding mode control for active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Giap Van Nam , Huang Shyh Chour 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a generalized proportional integral disturbance observer-based a combination of a fuzzy logic control and sliding mode control for the suspension active magnetic bearing system. Firstly, a generalized disturbance observer based on proportional and integral is built to estimate the parameters variation and the outside disturbances. In order to guarantee the system-state will be stabilized on pre-defined states, a disturbance feedback is constructed with a low pass filter. Subsequently, the proportional integral derivative surface sliding mode control is designed. Finally, the Fuzzy logic controller is constructed to determine the hitting controller gain. The stability analysis is given following the Lyapunov law. The proposed control structure can guarantee the system transient response quite good, no overshoot value, and settling time is quite narrow. Two testing cases of the proposed controller with and without the generalized disturbance observe is compared.
Flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of a multi-layer winding hose system: theory and experimentation
Authors: Qiang Haiyan , Li Wanli , Wang Yanran , Li Guanyuan , Xu Junqi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of a multi-layer winding hose system (MLWH) that is widely used in double-wheel trench cutters. Numerical analysis with Fluent 15.0 was performed to investigate the laminar fluid flow characteristics for the multi-layer winding hose system, especially for the study the effect of the Reynolds number and radius of curvature on the fluid flow. The radius of curvature of the multi-layer winding hydraulic hose was gradually increased in the range of 1 to 3. The Reynolds number varied between 167 and 1510. According to numerical analysis, the curvature-induced centrifugal force is found to have a significant influence on pressure drop and heat transfer. An experimental platform was presented to simulate the working conditions for the multi-layer winding hose system and collect experimental data for comparison with numerical data. The results show that the flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of the multi-layer winding hose system is strongly influenced by the Reynolds number and radius of curvature.
A smart model of the rural village planning
Authors: Wu P , Lin Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The smart model of rural village planning is to build a digital platform to connect agriculture and industry through big data. The process starts with the construction of a big data agricultural platform, then planning and designing the physical environment of the smart village, and the third stage is the creation of a multi-industry alliance and co-operation model. For combining agricultural demand and physical access information data, the cloud database can obtain the required information and achieve the exact goal of increasing agricultural income. In addition, agricultural tourism uses the urban planning concept to carry out village layout, and develops qualitative and quantitative regulations, ecology, landscape and tourism data in scientific calculations to control the intensity of land use that can be supported by rural areas and provide the best tourism condition and ecological environment. The project also builds a shared economic model in which enterprises contribute to assisting farmers in housing repairs and invite them to participate in operations. Thus, farmers are transformed into inheritors and educators, and they are able to participate in the operation of the village as a teacher, so that the culture of sustainable agriculture can continue.
Building an asynchronous HTML5-related competency-based guided e-learning system
Authors: Li Cheng Hsiu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Improving learner behavior and attitude is one method for improving learning quality. However, every student has unique characteristics, which makes the prediction of how learning behavior alters learning effects challenging. Humans obtain knowledge through cognitive learning, which can be effectively taught using asynchronous e-learning systems. However, these systems require self-study and include tedious processes that can affect learner motivation and the overall learning effect. This study implemented an HTML5-related competency-based guided e-learning (CBGE) system with an embedded competency-based guided learning (CBGL) mechanism to implement a personalized learning environment. Moreover, learner behaviors were recorded in a log dataset for data mining. The results revealed that the participants were satisfied with the CBGL mechanism and e-course design. The cognitive ability of the participants significantly improved after the experiment. Moreover, the growth in cognitive ability of the participants who completed the guiding process was significantly higher than that of the participants who did not finish the guiding process. This indicates that cognitive ability was improved through the CBGE system and the completion of the CBGL process provided a significantly more pronounced learning effect. A decision tree technique was also employed to construct a predictive model of the learning effect that could help learners achieve the learning objective. The predictive model revealed that learners who used the CBGE system could not achieve the learning objective without passing the stage tests a minimum of 2.5 times. Thus, the number of times that the stage tests were passed was the critical factor in achieving the learning objective.
Research on zero waste garment engineering design in sustainable environment
Authors: Shih Jhan Rong , Hung Chien Jen , Chiu Feng Tzu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With life becoming more convenient and rich, the pollution caused by human beings is far beyond our imagination. This study focuses on the clothing industry, which is closely related to human life, and its ecological pollution and waste of resources. It attempts to combine environmental issues to create clothing that can convey the concept of a sustainable environment and a more friendly Earth 2050: The Future of Energy. Different from the previous green environmental protection design, the current fashion trend is not only to promote environmental protection, but also to emphasize blue economy. In environmental protection, find out the industrial and economic values that meet various costs to achieve sustainable operation. In this study, the concept of environmental sustainability is brought into the clothing project. The goal is that the manufacturing process will not produce cloth waste. All cloth will go through the life course of clothing. The clothing project of “zero waste”will be built. The consumed resources will be fully utilized. In this research design, water resources, which is the most threatening issue of human sustainable environment, are used as the main design axis with blue as the image. Pollution and optimization issues faced by water resources are applied to clothing design thinking, presenting a series of clothing with zero waste structure, and implementing good behaviors of “sustainable” environment in life.
Hydraulic-mechanical modeling research on coseismic fracture behavior
Authors: Chung Chih Cheng , Chen Chi Jen , Wu Yuan Chieh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We establish hydraulic-mechanical modeling technique combined with simulation of fracture coseismic behavior based on discrete element method and well accepted equations to investigate the influence of earthquake on pore pressure and transmissivity of fractures. This study concludes 2 models with different hydraulic boundary condition, one designed for stable region with low hydraulic gradient (Mode I) while the other designed for regions with high hydraulic gradient (Model II). Model I shows that pore pressure of fractures interact with aperture and can be summarized into two possible patterns. Besides, the post-seismic transmissivity is 29∼138 % of pre-seismic transmissivity depending on location of fractures. Results of Model II indicate that pore pressure is controlled by the inflow of groundwater at the beginning of earthquake and later becomes dominated by opening and closure of aperture. Because of high hydraulic gradient and pore pressure boundary condition set into Model II, post-seismic transmissivity is 102∼1989 % of pre-seismic transmissivity. With this technique, well-established source parameter and site-specific hydraulic conditions, we are able to evaluate the possible post-seismic pore pressure and transmissivity of fractures which can be applied to underground facilities designing and evaluation of pollution transportation.
Development and application of an internet of things door lock Network Bridge for classroom access control management
Authors: Li Cheng Hsiu , Chen Chi Yu , Huang Xuan Rui , Tsai Ting Fu , Liu Bo Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
School classroom doors are usually managed using conventional machine locks. This can cause inconvenience for the borrowing and returning of keys. In addition, issues on the copying and embezzlement of keys are persistent. To avoid these problems, schools have replaced conventional locks with card readers and magnetic locks to manage classroom access; users need only a RFID card to enter and exit classrooms. However, the hardware and software equipment required for such control schemes is expensive and entails cumbersome installation processes. This study developed an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) door lock network bridge, which can be installed on conventional electronic locks to transform it into IoT locks. The developed bridge can be integrated with a customized web-based classroom access information system and QR code scanning to establish a low-cost classroom access control system. The system can be provided to schools to perform user management, lock management, and lock matching. Each door in the school is assigned with a unique QR code for unlocking. Users only need to use the QR code scanner on their smart phone to send relevant information required for unlocking a door to the web-based classroom access information system, which then performs user and lock matching verification. Verified users can then unlock the door and enter the venue. The proposed classroom access control system does not require card readers or RFID cards. The cable installation of the system is simplified through by using wireless connections, thereby greatly reducing the time, cost, and human resource required for installation. In addition, users and locks can be matched directly using the proposed system. This greatly improves the convenience of classroom management in schools.
Development of a model for the mass loss rate of chemical erosion in fracture intersection with the deposition hole
Authors: Chiou Jia Sheng , Wang Chung Yue , Wu Yuan Chieh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The erosion of bentonite buffer in a fracture intersecting a deposition hole will affect the safety function. The purpose of this study was to build up a model which was to predict the rate of erosion of buffer/backfill, and this research focused on the KTH model which was developed by SKB. The KTH model consists of fluid pressure, sodium concentration, and smectite volume fraction, which is governed by Darcy’s Law and advection-diffusion equations respectively, and the mutual dependencies of these variables were considered. This model was implemented using the COMSOL Multiphysics, and the results show the different behavior of sodium concentration and smectite in various seeping water velocity, the erosion rate increases with the seeping water velocity, but the distance to the smectite rim border decreases with the water velocity. The KTH considers the relationship between sodium and smectite, and with scalability. it lays a foundation for the evaluation buffer/backfill mass loss by erosion.
Compounding sterile products during a personal protective equipment shortage
Authors: Wollitz Amanda Danielle , Hong Christine , Blanco Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To describe our pharmacy department’s plan for conservation of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to ensure continued availability of sterile compounded products.

Summary
PPE shortages impacted hospitals throughout the nation in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic response. The PPE requirement for sterile compounding and need to maintain supplies within the pharmacy cleanroom are often overlooked. A sustained supply of PPE is critical to ensure an uninterrupted supply of compounded medications to our patient population. Multiple conservation strategies, including staffing changes, communication, adjustments to training, and even reuse of select PPE, can assist with conservation.

Conclusion
PPE in pharmacy cleanrooms is critical for the continued provision of sterile compounds with appropriate beyond-use dates and effective patient care. Pharmacy departments must employ multiple conservation strategies to ensure PPE is available for continued compounding of sterile products, and early planning and implementation of conservation strategies are key.
Comparison of Changes in Nasal Skin Sensation After Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty Procedures Using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Testing
Authors: Akyigit Abdulvahap , Keleş Erol , Yıldırım Yavuz Sultan Selim , Karlıdağ Turgut , Eroglu Orkun , Kaygusuz İrfan , Sakallıoglu Oner , Yalcın Sinasi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Numbness of the nasal skin is one of the most common complications following rhinoplasty.

Objectives
The present study investigated postoperative changes in nasal skin sensation among primary and revision rhinoplasty patients and evaluated the recovery outcomes for both groups.

Methods
A prospective, randomized blinded study was undertaken involving 100 primary and 34 revision open rhinoplasty patients and 50 volunteers as control group. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing was performed on 7 designated nasal points preoperatively and at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12, and the results were evaluated.

Results
Among the primary rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip and infratip over time was significant (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference for the other points. Among the revision rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip, infratip, and base of columella over time was significant (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference at the other points. In a comparison of the revision and primary rhinoplasty patients at all timepoints, a statistically significant reduction in sensation was noted on the application of pressure to all points in the revision patient group (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
This study found that the sense of touch on pressure returned to normal, aside from at the tip and infratip, by the end of month 12 in primary rhinoplasty patients. The revision rhinoplasty patients, in turn, were observed to have reduced sensation on pressure by the end of month 12, with the greatest reduction at the tip, infratip, and columellar base.

Level of Evidence: 3
Orange peel extract reduces the inflammatory state of skeletal muscle after downhill running via an increase in IL-1RA
Authors: Suzuki Toshihide , Shimizu Makoto , Yamauchi Yoshio , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
It has been reported that orange peel extract (OPE) and the 4 major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in OPE have a protective effect against downhill running (DR)-induced skeletal muscle inflammation. However, the mechanism is not well understood. We investigated the potential of OPE and PMF compounds for increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. The plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) level was increased 1 and 8 h after OPE administration in rats. Nobiletin induced the secretion of IL-1RA from C2C12 myotubes. In the inflammatory state of skeletal muscle after DR, OPE administration reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, NF-κB-DNA binding, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels, but these effects were all abrogated by the intravenous administration of IL-1RA neutralizing antibody. These results indicated that OPE reduces skeletal muscle inflammatory state after DR via an increase in IL-1RA, and that IL-1 receptor signaling is important for skeletal muscle inflammation after DR.
Increased C-Peptide Immunoreactivity in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (Hirata Disease) Due to High Molecular Weight Proinsulin
Authors: Kay Richard G , Barker Peter , Burling Keith , Cohen Mark , Halsall David , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M , Semple Robert K , Church David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Determination of C-peptide is important in the investigation of unexplained hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia because a high C-peptide concentration usually indicates endogenous insulin hypersecretion. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) denotes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to insulin-binding antibodies that prolong insulin half-life. C-peptide clearance is considered to be unaffected, and although a marked C-peptide immunoreactivity in hypoglycemic samples has been reported, it has been suspected to be artifactual. High-resolution mass spectrometry enables examination of the basis of C-peptide-immunoreactivity in IAS.

Methods
Precipitation of plasma with polyethylene glycol was followed by C-peptide immunoassay. Plasma peptides extracted by solvent precipitation were characterized by nano-LC–MS/MS and analyzed using an untargeted data-dependent method. Peptides related to proinsulin, in amino acid sequence, were identified using proprietary bioinformatics software and confirmed by repeat LC–MS/MS analysis. Gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS was used to identify proinsulin-related peptides present in IAS immunocomplexes. Results were compared with those from C-peptide immunoassay.

Results
Polyethylene glycol precipitation of IAS plasma, but not control plasma, depleted C-peptide immunoreactivity consistent with immunoglobulin-bound C-peptide immunoreactivity. LC–MS/MS detected proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin at higher abundance in IAS plasma compared with control plasma. Analysis by gel filtration chromatography coupled to LC–MS/MS demonstrated proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin, but no C-peptide, in plasma immunocomplexes.

Conclusions
Antibody binding can enrich proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin in IAS immunocomplexes. Proinsulin cross-reactivity in some C-peptide immunoassays can lead to artifactually increased C-peptide results.
The Efficacy and Safety of Switching From Originator Infliximab to Single or Double Switch Biosimilar Among a Nationwide Cohort of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Khan Nabeel , Patel Dhruvan , Pernes Tyler , Patel Manthankumar , Trivedi Chinmay , Medvedeva Elina , Xie Dawei , Yang Yu-Xiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Data on safety and efficacy of switching to Renflexis (SB2) from originator Infliximab (IFX) (single switch) or from originator IFX to Inflectra (CT-P13) to Renflexis (double switch) are limited.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a nationwide cohort of patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission who were switched to SB2. The main exposure was the treatment course of SB2. There are 2 levels in this variable: single switch (IFX to SB2) and double switch (IFX to CT-P13 to SB2). The outcome is SB2 drug discontinuation rate and/or not being in remission after 1 year. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to study the efficacy difference between single switch and double switch.

Results
A total of 271 IBD patients were started on SB2. Among them 52 (19.2%) patients did not achieve remission at 1 year and 14 (5.1%) patients had to discontinue SB2 due to adverse events). In logistic regression analysis after controlling for covariates, there was no statistically significant difference observed in regard to efficacy or safety of the single switch versus double switch to SB2 (adjusted odds ratio for double switch compared to single switch = 1.33 (95% confidence interval 0.74–2.41, P = 0.3432).

Conclusions
Among IBD patients in remission, double switch was equally effective as compared to a single switch. This will help reassure the gastroenterologists who have concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of switching between multiple biosimilars for treating IBD.