bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of pleuroperitoneal communication in which establishing a laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum was useful for the detection of a fistula
Authors: Manabe Takehiko , Ono Kenji , Oka Soichi , Kawamura Yuichiro , Osaki Toshihiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pleuroperitoneal communication (PPC) is rarely observed, accounting for 1.6% of all patients who undergo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Although there have been several reports concerning the management of this condition, we have encountered several cases in which control failed. We herein report a valuable case of PPC in which laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was useful for supporting the diagnosis and treatment.

Case presentation
The patient was a 58-year-old woman with chronic renal failure due to chronic renal inflammation who was referred to a nephrologist in our hospital to undergo an operation for the induction of CAPD. Post-operatively, she had respiratory failure, and chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed right-sided hydrothorax that decreased when the injection of peritoneal dialysate was interrupted. Therefore, PPC was suspected, and she was referred to our department for surgical repair. We planned surgical treatment via video-assisted thoracic surgery. During the surgery, we failed to detect any lesions with thoracoscopy alone; we therefore added a laparoscopic port at her right-sided abdomen near the navel and infused CO2 gas into the abdominal cavity. On thoracoscopy, bubbles were observed emanating from a small pore at the central tendon of the diaphragm, which was considered to be the lesion responsible for the PPC. We closed it by suturing directly.

Conclusions
VATS with laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum should be considered as an effective method for inspecting tiny pores of the diaphragm, especially when the lesions responsible for PPC are difficult to detect.
Design of the pilot, proof of concept REMOTE-COVID trial: remote monitoring use in suspected cases of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba , Joshi Meera , Davies Gary , Khan Sadia , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus, COVID-19), declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a global health problem with ever-increasing attributed deaths. Vital sign trends are routinely used to monitor patients with changes in these parameters often preceding an adverse event. Wearable sensors can measure vital signs continuously (e.g. heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) remotely and can be utilised to recognise early clinical deterioration.

Methods
We describe the protocol for a pilot, proof-of-concept, observational study to be conducted in an engineered hotel near London airports, UK. The study is set to continue for the duration of the pandemic. Individuals arriving to London with mild symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 or returning from high-risk areas requiring quarantine, as recommended by the Public Health England, or healthcare professionals with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 unable to isolate at home will be eligible for a wearable patch to be applied for the duration of their stay. Notifications will be generated should deterioration be detected through the sensor and displayed on a central monitoring hub viewed by nursing staff, allowing for trend deterioration to be noted. The primary objective is to determine the feasibility of remote monitoring systems in detecting clinical deterioration for quarantined individuals in a hotel.

Discussion
This trial should prove the feasibility of a rapidly implemented model of healthcare delivery through remote monitoring during a global pandemic at a hotel, acting as an extension to a healthcare trust. Potential benefits would include reducing infection risk of COVID-19 to healthcare staff, with earlier recognition of clinical deterioration through ambulatory, continuous, remote monitoring using a discrete wearable sensor. We hope our results can power future, robust randomised trials.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04337489.
New power-law tailed distributions emerging in κ-statistics(a)
Authors: Kaniadakis G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, it has been argued that the Lorentz transformation mechanism, which imposes the generalization of Newton's classical mechanics into Einstein's special relativity, implies a generalization, or deformation, of the ordinary statistical mechanics. The exponential function, which defines the Boltzmann factor, emerges properly deformed within this formalism. Starting from this, the so-calledκ-deformed exponential function, we introduce new classes of statistical distributions emerging as theκ-deformed versions of already known distribution as the Generalized Gamma, Weibull, Logistic ones which can be adopted in the analysis of statistical data that exhibit power-law tails.
EPR study of the E’ defects in optical glasses and cristobalite
Authors: Mashkovtsev R. I. , Nepomnyashchikh A. I. , Zhaboedov A. P. , Paklin A. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in experimentaloptical glasses obtained from the East Sayan mountain quartzites has beenstudied. For comparison a powder sample of cristobalite that formed duringthe beneficiation process of quartzite was also investigated by EPR. Thecomplex EPR spectra of fast-electron-irradiated glass andcristobalite were treated by computer simulations to determine the types of

centers and their principal gvalues. In glasses the well-known paramagnetic centers

,

,

have been observed. In particular, thecenter

previously characterized as stableonly below

was observed as a stable variantat room temperature. In cristobalite the paramagnetic defects similar to the

,

,

centers with slightly differentg values have been observed. From the observation of analogous

centers it was inferred that local structuresof glass and

-cristobalite aresimilar.
A combined synchrotron diffraction and first-principles investigation on structural properties of Co(OH)2under pressure up to 7 GPa
Authors: Babu Pillai Sharad , Upadhyay Deepak , Jha Prafulla K. , Joseph Boby 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An H–H repulsion induced structural anomaly in Co(OH)2 at pressure around 2.5 GPa is reported using systematic synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles calculations. The diffraction pattern evidences anomalous pressure dependence of Bragg peaks (003) and (013) compared to others indicating a much stronger change in the hydrogen sublattice with pressure. Analysis of the lattice parameters reveals a subtle but clear change in the trend of the out-of-plane to in-plane lattice constants' ratio above 2.5 GPa. Two independent pressure runs using two different pressure transmitting media yielded similar results, thus proving the observations to be independent of the minor variations in the quasi-hydrostatic conditions during the pressure run. DFT calculations were performed on an extended unit cell of Co(OH)2 which enables the description of hydrogen in either ordered or disordered state. Calculations showed that only the hydrogen disordered structure is energetically favourable at high pressures. We attribute the anomalous behaviour of the (003) and (013) Bragg peaks above 2.5 GPa to the charge delocalization along hydrogen sublattice coming due to the hydrogen ordered-disordered transition, in agreement with DFT results showing the H disordered state to be energetically more favourable at higher pressure. A second-order Brich-Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) can well describe the low- and high-pressure regime separately with a 20% higher bulk modulus of the latter, further supporting the subtle transition around 2.5 GPa. Present results also complement the previous Raman spectroscopic study on Co(OH)2 which reported anomalous behaviour in the

(2) mode around 2.5 GPa.
Quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity are inversely related to angiotensin converting enzyme activity in older men
Authors: Kostka Joanna , Sikora Joanna , Guligowska Agnieszka , Kostka Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Background: Methods which potentially could prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function are still being sought. There are various attempts to use pharmacological agents to prevent loss of muscle mass, but the effectiveness of many of them still needs to be confirmed. One of the promising therapeutics are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and lowering of serum ACE activity. The goal of this study was to assess if taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) can modify muscle performance in older men as well as to assess the association of serum ACE activity with muscle strength, power, muscle contraction velocity and functional performance. Methods: Seventy-nine older men took part in the study. Muscle function was assessed with hand grip strength, maximum power relative to body mass (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (Ʋopt) of the knee extensor muscles. Anthropometric data, ACE activity and functional performance were also measured. Results: Negative correlations between ACE activity and Pmax (rho=-0.29, p=0.04) as well as Ʋopt (rho=-0.31, p=0.03) in a group of patients not taking ACEI and between ACE activity and Ʋopt (rho=-0.22, p=0.05) in the whole group of men were found. Positive relationship between age and ACE activity was demonstrated (rho=0.26, p=0.02). Age was the only selected variable in the multiple regression analyses to determine both Pmax and Ʋopt. Conclusions: Taking ACEI is not associated with a functional performance in older men of the same age and with the same anthropometric parameters. Serum ACE activity negatively associates to muscle power and muscle contraction velocity.
The acceptance and impact of Google Classroom integrating into a clinical pathology course for nursing students: A technology acceptance model approach
Authors: Huang Tzu-Hao , Liu Fen , Chen Li-Chen , Tsai Ching-Ching 
Published: March 2021

Background
Google Classroom (GC) is a free web-based instructional platform rarely used for nursing student education. The acceptance, intention to use, and learning outcomes of GC remain unclear in Taiwan. We sought to identify the technology acceptance level and factors affection the intention to use GC. We also explored how integrating GC into traditional teaching affects learning satisfaction and academic achievement among nursing students in Taiwan.

Methods
In this randomized controlled study, based on a technology acceptance framework, 74 nursing students were randomly assigned in clusters to experimental (n = 39) and control (n = 35) groups during the spring semester of 2018. In Weeks 3–18, each member of the experimental group received one hour of traditional and GC teaching per week. The control group received two hours of traditional teaching per week. Both groups were asked to complete questionnaires to evaluate learning satisfaction and academic achievement during weeks 10 (mid-semester) and 18 (end-of-semester). The experimental group additionally completed technology acceptance questionnaires in both situations.

Findings
In the experimental group, the overall end-of-semester technology acceptance score was high (141.8 out of 155); their perceived ease of use, intention to use, and technology acceptance scores increased significantly compared to mid-semester (p<0.05). At the end-of-semester, perceived playfulness and perceived usefulness explained 63.5% of the variance in intention to use. Regardless of whether the assessment was administered mid-semester or at the end-of-semester, the experimental group had higher learning satisfaction and academic achievement scores than the control group. However, the degree of progress on learning satisfaction and academic achievement demonstrated no significant between-group differences.

Conclusions
The experimental group demonstrated high acceptance of GC. Playfulness and usefulness positively influenced nursing students’ intention to use GC. Blended learning—in combination with GC and traditional methods—resulted in similar learning satisfaction and academic achievement when compared to traditional learning. More research is needed to explore the effectiveness of blended learning through the GC platform with different courses and ethnic groups.
The Covid-19 pandemic and mental health of first-year college students: Examining the effect of Covid-19 stressors using longitudinal data
Authors: Fruehwirth Jane Cooley , Biswas Siddhartha , Perreira Krista M. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented stress to students and educational institutions across the world. We aimed to estimate the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of college students.

Methods
We used data on 419 first-year students (ages 18–20) at a large public university in North Carolina both before (October 2019-February 2020) and after (June/July 2020) the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. After evaluating descriptive data on mental health and stressors by students’ demographic characteristics, we estimated the associations between Covid-19 stressors (including work reductions, health, distanced learning difficulties and social isolation) and mental health symptoms and severity controlling for students’ pre-pandemic mental health, psychosocial resources, and demographic characteristics.

Results
We found that the prevalence of moderate-severe anxiety increased from 18.1% before the pandemic to 25.3% within four months after the pandemic began; and the prevalence of moderate-severe depression increased from 21.5% to 31.7%. White, female and sexual/gender minority (SGM) students were at highest risk of increases in anxiety symptoms. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, female, and SGM students were at highest risk of increases in depression symptoms. General difficulties associated with distanced learning and social isolation contributed to the increases in both depression and anxiety symptoms. However, work reductions as well as Covid-19 diagnosis and hospitalization of oneself, family members or friends were not associated with increases in depression or anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion
Colleges may be able to reduce the mental health consequences of Covid-19 by investing in resources to reduce difficulties with distance learning and reduce social isolation during the pandemic.
Automatic and Fast Encoding of Representational Uncertainty Underlies the Distortion of Relative Frequency
Authors: Ren Xiangjuan , Luo Huan , Zhang Hang 
Published: March 2021

Humans do not have an accurate representation of probability information in the environment but distort it in a surprisingly stereotyped way (“probability distortion”), as shown in a wide range of judgment and decision-making tasks. Many theories hypothesize that humans automatically compensate for the uncertainty inherent in probability information (“representational uncertainty”) and probability distortion is a consequence of uncertainty compensation. Here we examined whether and how the representational uncertainty of probability is quantified in the human brain and its relevance to probability distortion behavior. Human subjects (13 female and 9 male) kept tracking the relative frequency of one color of dot in a sequence of dot arrays while their brain activity was recorded by MEG. We found converging evidence from both neural entrainment and time-resolved decoding analysis that a mathematically derived measure of representational uncertainty is automatically computed in the brain, despite it is not explicitly required by the task. In particular, the encodings of relative frequency and its representational uncertainty, respectively, occur at latencies of ∼300 and 400 ms. The relative strength of the brain responses to these two quantities correlates with the probability distortion behavior. The automatic and fast encoding of the representational uncertainty provides neural basis for the uncertainty compensation hypothesis of probability distortion. More generally, since representational uncertainty is closely related to confidence estimation, our findings exemplify how confidence might emerge before perceptual judgment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman perception of probabilities and relative frequencies can be markedly distorted, which is a potential source of disastrous decisions. But the brain is not just ignorant of probability; probability distortions are highly patterned and similar across different tasks. Recent theoretical work suggests that probability distortions arise from the brain's compensation of its own uncertainty in representing probability. Is such representational uncertainty really computed in the brain? To answer this question, we asked human subjects to track an ongoing stimulus sequence of relative frequencies and recorded their brain responses using MEG. Indeed, we found that the neural encoding of representational uncertainty accompanies that of relative frequency, although the former is not explicitly required by the task.
Reducing Opioid Doses Prescribed From a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Bryl Amy W. , Demartinis Nicole , Etkin Marc , Hollenbach Kathryn A. , Huang Jeannie , Shah Seema 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Opioid overdose and abuse have reached epidemic rates in the United States. Medical prescriptions are a large source of opioid misuse. Our quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce opioid exposure from the pediatric emergency department (ED). Objective was to reduce opioid doses prescribed weekly from our ED by 50% within 4 months.

METHODS:
Three categories of interventions were implemented in Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles: guidelines and education, electronic medical record optimization, and provider-specific feedback. Primary measures were opioid doses prescribed weekly from the ED and opioid doses per 100 ED visits. Process measures were opioid prescriptions, opioid doses per prescription, and opioid prescriptions for unspecified abdominal pain, headache, and viral upper respiratory infection. Balancing measures were phone calls and return visits for poor pain control in patients prescribed opioids and reports of poor pain control in call backs to orthopedic reduction patients. We used statistical process control to examine changes in measures over time.

RESULTS:
Opioid doses decreased from 153 to 14 per week and from 8 to 0.7 doses per 100 ED visits in 10 months, sustained for 9 months. Opioid prescriptions, opioid doses per prescription, and prescriptions for unspecified abdominal pain, headache, and viral upper respiratory infection decreased. Phone calls and return visits in patients prescribed opioids did not increase. There were 2 reports of poor pain control among 152 orthopedic reduction patients called back.

CONCLUSIONS:
We decreased opioid doses prescribed weekly from the pediatric ED by 91% while minimizing return visits and reports of poor pain control.
Evaluación experimental del comportamiento de elementos prefabricados de concreto (baldosas horizontales y columnas), bajo la aplicación de cargas perpendiculares al plano de la pared
Authors: Villalobos Francisco , Bogantes Sánchez Víctor Andrey 
Published: March 2021

En esta investigación se estudió el sistema prefabricado de columnas y baldosas con cargas uniformemente distribuidas perpendiculares al plano de la pared. Para esto, se construyó una pared a escala natural conformada por dos paños de baldosas, viga solera y una cimentación de concreto. Se aplicó carga al sistema mediante bolsas de aire para generar una presión uniforme en la pared.El principal resultado es la comprobación experimental de que las columnas son el elemento crítico de diseño en el sistema prefabricado de columnas y baldosas. Se logró demostrar también que los requisitos de resistencia establecidos en INTE C131:2019 son adecuados para que el sistema resista cargas de viento y sismo de manera segura.
Pressure distribution on rolling-slide contact problem
Authors: Koça Odhise , Sulejmani Anis , Dhoska Klodian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper the generalized model of contact of two plan bodies that roll and slide or just roll is presented. The analytical solution of the correct distribution of pressure in the contact is realized in the presence of the normal compressive force, which realizes the contact, as well as of the force pair or of a tangential force. This model can be used on sprocket teeth due to sliding rolling or rolling itself on the gear pole. The results obtained have been experimentally confirmed by many researchers as well as by the damage that the wheels actually suffer from the teeth.
Third Version of Weak Orlicz–Morrey Spaces and Its In-clusion Properties
Authors: Masta Al Azhary , Fatimah Siti , Taqiyuddin Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Orlicz–Morrey spaces are generalizations of Orlicz spaces and Morrey spaces which were first introduced by Nakai. There are three versions of Orlicz–Morrey spaces. In this article, we discussed the third version of weak Orlicz–Morrey space, which is an enlargement of third version of (strong) Orlicz– Morrey space. Similar to its first version and second version, the third version of weak Orlicz-Morrey space is considered as a generalization of weak Orlicz spaces, weak Morrey spaces, and generalized weak Morrey spaces. This study investigated some properties of the third version of weak Orlicz–Morrey spaces, especially the sufficient and necessary conditions for inclusion relations between two these spaces. One of the keys to get our result is to estimate the quasi- norm of characteristics function of open balls in ℝ.
Lithospheric Deformation and Active Tectonics of the NW Himalayas, Hindukush, and Tibet
Authors: Jadoon Ishtiaq A. K. , Ding Lin , Jadoon Saif-ur-Rehman K. , Bhatti Zahid I. , Shah Syed T. H. , Qasim Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Himalayan Mountain System (HMS) and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) represent an active mountain belt, with continent-continent collision. Geological and geophysical (seismological modeling, seismic reflection, and gravity) data is reviewed herein for an overview of the lithospheric deformation and active tectonics of this orogen. Shallow crustal deformation with dominance of thrusting along the margins of the TP is interpreted with normal faulting in the center and strike-slip deformation with the lateral translation of blocks, over a wedge of ductile deformation. The seismicity is the linear concentration over the margins of the orogen to ~20 km depth with exception of the Hindukush and Pamir having seismicity to 300 km depth with an interpretation of sinking Indian and Asian lithospheres. The lithospheric structure is represented by mechanically weak surfaces representing décollement to 15 km depth over the basement, low-velocity zone (LVZ) at ~20 km, the Moho at ~40-82 km, and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) at 130-200 km depth. The décollement, termed as the Himalayan Mountain Thrust (HMT), is inferred to be rooted at the base of the Moho in central Tibet. Along this fault, brittle crustal deformation is interpreted to ~15-20 km depth, with brittle-ductile deformation along LVZ and ductile slip with crustal duplexing along the lower crust. The mantle lithosphere of the Indian plate is inferred as duplicated with the wedging of the Asian mantle lithosphere. The active tectonics of the TP is proposed to follow the mechanics of thrusting, similar to the foreland deformation of the mountain belts and accretionary prisms.