bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation into rotary mode ultrasonic drilling of bioceramic: an experimental study with PSO-TLBO based evolutionary optimization
Authors: Singh Ravi Pratap , Kumar Narendra , Gupta Ashutosh Kumar , Painuly Madhusudan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of several input process factors, namely, feed rate, spindle speed, ultrasonic power and coolant pressure, on hole quality measures (penetration rate [PR] and chipping diameter [CD]) in rotary mode ultrasonic drilling of macor bioceramic material.

Design/methodology/approach
The main experiments were planned using the response surface methodology (RSM). Scanning electron microscopy was also used to examine and study the microstructure of machined samples. This study revealed the existence of dominant brittle fracture and little plastic flow that resulted in a material loss from the base work surface. Experiment findings have shown the dependability and adequacy of the proposed mathematical model.

Findings
The percentage of brittle mode deformation rises as the penetration depth of abrasives increases (at increasing levels of feed rate). This was due to the fact that at greater depths of indentation, material loss begins in the form of bigger chunks and develops inter-granular fractures. These stated causes have provided an additional advantage to increasing the CD over the machined rod of bioceramic. The desirability method was also used to optimize multi-response measured responses (PR and CD). The mathematical model created using the RSM method will be very useful in industrial revelation. Furthermore, the investigated answers’ particle swarm optimization (PSO) and teacher-learner-based optimization (TLBO) make the parametric analysis more relevant and productive for real-life industrial practices.

Originality/value
Macor bioceramic has been widely recognized as one of the most highly demanded innovative dental ceramics, receiving expanded industry approval because of its outstanding and superior characteristics. However, effective and efficient processing remains a problem. Among the available contemporary machining methods introduced for processing typical and advanced materials, rotary mode ultrasonic machining has been identified as one of the best suitable candidates for precise processing of macor bioceramics, as this process produces thermal damage-free profiles, as well as high accuracy and an increased material removal rate. The optimized combined setting obtained using PSO is feed rate = 0.16 mm/s, spindle speed = 4,500 rpm, ultrasonic power = 60% and coolant pressure = 280 kPa with the value of fitness function is 0.0508. The optimized combined setting obtained using TLBO is feed rate = 0.06 mm/s, spindle speed = 2,500 rpm, ultrasonic power = 60% and coolant pressure = 280 kPa with the value of fitness function is 0.1703.
Clinical characteristics and health‐care resource utilization in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis using real‐world evidence from the Japanese Medical Data Center database
Authors: Okubo Yukari , Kotowsky Nirali , Gao Ran , Saito Kumiko , Morita Akimichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the disease burden, health‐care resource utilization (HCRU), or treatment of patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in Japan. This retrospective cohort study used data from the Japanese Medical Data Center database to compare the demographics, comorbidities, and medication use of patients with GPP and plaque psoriasis and estimate their all‐cause HCRU. The patient selection period was from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, and patients must have had at least one confirmed inpatient claim or outpatient claim for GPP or plaque psoriasis. During the 12‐month follow‐up period, 110 patients with GPP and 20,254 patients with plaque psoriasis were identified. An age‐ and sex‐matched (4:1) comparator control cohort, including members of the general population without a diagnosis of psoriasis (but allowing for a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis), GPP, or palmoplantar pustulosis, was used. The most prevalent comorbidities in patients with GPP included allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, hypertension, and peptic ulcer disease. Patients with GPP were more likely to experience more comorbidities than those with plaque psoriasis, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonia, hyperuricemia and gout, tonsillitis, psoriatic arthritis, other psoriasis, and osteoporosis. Patients with GPP were more likely to be treated with a combination therapy than those with plaque psoriasis (65.5% vs 21.7%, respectively) and less likely to be treated with a topical medication alone (20.9% vs 50.8%). Patients with GPP had more outpatient visits than patients in the plaque psoriasis or matched control cohorts (mean [standard deviation], 14.8 [8.3] vs 11.0 [7.6] and 7.8 [7.2], respectively). They were also more likely to require inpatient hospitalization (24.5% vs 6.4% and 5.0%, respectively). Despite study limitations, patients with GPP in Japan were found to have a higher disease burden, including presence of comorbidities and medication use, than those with plaque psoriasis.
Pollinator behaviour and resource limitation maintain honest floral signalling
Authors: Knauer Anina C. , Kokko Hanna , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In many communication systems, signal receivers profit from honest signals that indicate the signaller's quality, whereas low‐quality signallers should profit from cheating. Under such a conflict of interests between signallers and signal receivers, the maintenance of honest signals presents a puzzle. In theory, honesty can represent an evolutionarily stable strategy, but the actual mechanisms have been studied in few systems only.

Here, we investigate honest signalling in a plant species, Brassica rapa, that advertises nectar volumes to pollinators by two honest floral signals; corolla size and the floral volatile phenylacetaldehyde. In a series of experiments we tested for physiological constraints and pollinator behaviours related to honest floral signals and nectar volume, incorporated the result into a mathematical model, and verified its predictions experimentally.

While honest floral signals attracted pollinators, the bees’ flower visitation time depended on nectar volume and was associated with the number of seeds that flowers developed. Furthermore, honest floral signals and seed set without pollen limitation both increased after soil fertilisation, indicating nutrient limitation in these traits.

The mathematical model which incorporates these findings showed that honest signalling in B. rapa can be maintained by a combination of pollinator behaviour and resource limitation causing differential benefits of nectar production. The study demonstrates how honest floral signalling can evolve as a stable strategy in a plant species.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Revealing the community and metabolic potential of active methanotrophs by targeted metagenomics in the Zoige wetland of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yun Juanli , Crombie Andrew T. , Ul Haque Muhammad Farhan , Cai Yuanfeng , Zheng Xiaowei , Wang Jian , Jia Zhongjun , Murrell J. Colin , Wang Yanfen , Du Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe Zoige wetland of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the largest alpine wetlands in the world and a major emission source of methane. Methane oxidation by methanotrophs can counteract the global warming effect of methane released in the wetlands. Understanding methanotroph activity, diversity and metabolism at the molecular level can guide the isolation of the uncultured microorganisms and inform strategy‐making decisions and policies to counteract global warming in this unique ecosystem. Here we applied DNA stable isotope probing using 13C‐labelled methane to label the genomes of active methanotrophs, examine the methane oxidation potential and recover metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) of active methanotrophs. We found that gammaproteobacteria of type I methanotrophs are responsible for methane oxidation in the wetland. We recovered two phylogenetically novel methanotroph MAGs distantly related to extant Methylobacter and Methylovulum. They belong to type I methanotrophs of gammaproteobacteria, contain both mxaF and xoxF types of methanol dehydrogenase coding genes, and participate in methane oxidation via H4MPT and RuMP pathways. Overall, the community structure of active methanotrophs and their methanotrophic pathways revealed by DNA‐SIP metagenomics and retrieved methanotroph MAGs highlight the importance of methanotrophs in suppressing methane emission in the wetland under the scenario of global warming.
Microbial community composition controls carbon flux across litter types in early phase of litter decomposition
Authors: Kroeger Marie E. , Rae DeVan M. , Thompson Jaron , Johansen Renee , Gallegos‐Graves La Verne , Lopez Deanna , Runde Andreas , Yoshida Thomas , Munsky Brian , Sevanto Sanna , Albright Michaeline B. N. , Dunbar John 
Published: August 2021

SummaryLeaf litter decomposition is a major carbon input to soil, making it a target for increasing soil carbon storage through microbiome engineering. We expand upon previous findings to show with multiple leaf litter types that microbial composition can drive variation in carbon flow from litter decomposition and specific microbial community features are associated with synonymous patterns of carbon flow among litter types. Although plant litter type selects for different decomposer communities, within a litter type, microbial composition drives variation in the quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured at the end of the decomposition period. Bacterial richness was negatively correlated with DOC quantity, supporting our hypothesis that across multiple litter types there are common microbial traits linked to carbon flow patterns. Variation in DOC abundance (i.e. high versus low DOC) driven by microbial composition is tentatively due to differences in bacterial metabolism of labile compounds, rather than catabolism of non‐labile substrates such as lignin. The temporal asynchrony of metabolic processes across litter types may be a substantial impediment to discovering more microbial features common to synonymous patterns of carbon flow among litters. Overall, our findings support the concept that carbon flow may be programmed by manipulating microbial community composition.
Structural diversity of symbionts and related cellular mechanisms underlying vertical symbiont transmission in cicadas
Authors: Wang Dandan , Huang Zhi , Billen Johan , Zhang Guoyun , He Hong , Wei Cong 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMany insects depend on symbiont(s) for survival. This is particularly the case for sap‐feeding hemipteran insects. In this study, we revealed that symbionts harboured in cicadas are diverse and complex, and the yeast‐like fungal symbionts (YLS) are present in most cicada species, but Hodgkinia is absent. During vertical transmission, Sulcia became swollen with the outer membrane drastically changed, while Hodgkinia became shrunken and changed from irregular to roughly spherical. Sulcia and/or Hodgkinia were exocytosed from the bacteriocytes to the intercellular space of bacteriomes, where they gathered together and were extruded to haemolymph. YLS and associated facultative symbiont(s) in the fat bodies were released to the haemolymph based on bacteriocyte disintegration. The obligate symbiont(s) were endocytosed and exocytosed successively by the epithelial plug cells of the terminal oocyte, while associated facultative symbiont(s), and possibly also YLS, may take a ‘free ride’ on the transmission of obligate symbiont(s) to gain entry into the oocyte. Then, the intermixed symbionts formed a characteristic ‘symbiont ball’ in the oocyte. Our results suggest that YLS in cicadas represent a new example of a relatively early stage of symbiogenesis in insects and contribute to a better understanding of the diversity and transmission mechanisms of symbionts in insects.
Contribution of stochastic processes to the microbial community assembly on field‐collected microplastics
Authors: Sun Yuanze , Zhang Mengjun , Duan Chongxue , Cao Na , Jia Weiqian , Zhao Zelong , Ding Changfeng , Huang Yi , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2021

SummaryA growing body of evidence suggests that microplastics may be colonized with a unique microbiome, termed ‘plastisphere’, in aquatic environments. However, the deep mechanisms (deterministic and/or stochastic processes) underlying the community assembly on microplastics are still poorly understood. Here, we took the estuary of Hangzhou Bay (Zhejiang, China) as an example and examined the assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities in water and microplastic samples. Results from high‐throughput sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla across all samples. Additionally, microorganisms from plastisphere and planktonic communities exhibited contrasting taxonomic compositions, with greater within‐group variation for microplastic samples. The null model analysis indicated the plastisphere bacterial communities were dominantly driven by the stochastic process of drift (58.34%) and dispersal limitation (23.41%). The normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) also showed that the community assembly on microplastics was more stochastic (NST > 50%). Based on the Sloan neutral community model, the migration rate for plastisphere communities (0.015) was significantly lower than that for planktonic communities (0.936), potentially suggesting that it is the stochastic balance between loss and gain of bacteria (e.g., stochastic births and deaths) critically shaping the community assembly on microplastics and generating the specific niches. This study greatly enhanced our understanding of the ecological patterns of microplastic‐associated microbial communities in aquatic environments.
Impact ofMtrAon phosphate metabolism genes and the response to altered phosphate conditions inStreptomyces
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Zhang Peipei , Lu Ting , Wang Xinyuan , Li Aiying , Lu Yinhua , Tao Meifeng , Pang Xiuhua 
Published: August 2021

SummaryPhosphate metabolism is known to be regulated by the PhoPR regulatory system inStreptomycesand some other bacteria. In this study, we report that MtrA also regulates phosphate metabolism inStreptomyces. Our data showed that, inStreptomyces coelicolor, MtrA regulates not only phosphate metabolism genes such asphoAbut alsophoPunder different phosphate conditions, including growth on rich complex media without added inorganic phosphate and on defined media with low or high concentrations of inorganic phosphate. Cross‐regulation was also observed amongmtrA,phoPandglnRunder these conditions. We demonstrated bothin vitroandin vivobinding of MtrA to the promoter regions of genes associated with phosphate metabolism and to the intergenic region betweenphoRandphoU, indicating that these phosphate metabolism genes are targets of MtrA. We further showed that MtrA inS.lividansandS.venezuelaehas detectable regulatory effects on expression of phosphate metabolism genes. Additionally, the MtrA homologue fromCorynebacterium glutamicumbound predicted MtrA sites of multiple phosphate metabolism genes, implying its potential for regulating phosphate metabolism in this species. Overall, our findings support MtrA as a major regulator for phosphate metabolism inStreptomycesand also potentially in other actinobacteria.
Differences in health care spending and utilization among older frail adults in high‐income countries: ICCONIC hip fracture persona
Authors: Papanicolas Irene , Figueroa Jose F. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Riley Kristen , Abiona Olukorede , Arvin Mina , Atsma Femke , Bernal‐Delgado Enrique , Bowden Nicholas , Blankart Carl Rudolf , Deeny Sarah , Estupiñán‐Romero Francisco , Gauld Robin , Haywood Philip , Janlov Nils , Knight Hannah , Lorenzoni Luca , Marino Alberto , Or Zeynep , Penneau Anne , Shatrov Kosta , Stafford Mai , van de Galien Onno , van Gool Kees , Wodchis Walter , Jha Ashish K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores differences in spending and utilization of health care services for an older person with frailty before and after a hip fracture.Data SourcesWe used individual‐level patient data from five care settings.Study DesignWe compared utilization and spending of an older person aged older than 65 years for 365 days before and after a hip fracture across 11 countries and five domains of care as follows: acute hospital care, primary care, outpatient specialty care, post–acute rehabilitative care, and outpatient drugs. Utilization and spending were age and sex standardized..Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe data were compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes, and Needs in Care (ICCONIC) across 11 countries as follows: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.Principal FindingsThe sample ranged from 1859 patients in Spain to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia. The majority of patients across countries were female. Relative to other countries, the United States had the lowest inpatient length of stay (11.3), but the highest number of days were spent in post–acute care rehab (100.7) and, on average, had more visits to specialist providers (6.8 per year) than primary care providers (4.0 per year). Across almost all sectors, the United States spent more per person than other countries per unit ($13,622 per hospitalization, $233 per primary care visit, $386 per MD specialist visit). Patients also had high expenditures in the year prior to the hip fracture, mostly concentrated in the inpatient setting.ConclusionAcross 11 high‐income countries, there is substantial variation in health care spending and utilization for an older person with frailty, both before and after a hip fracture. The United States is the most expensive country due to high prices and above average utilization of post–acute rehab care.
Aussie KIDS SAVE LIVES: A position statement from the Australian Resuscitation Council and supported by stakeholders
Authors: Bray Janet , Acworth Jason , Page Greg , Parr Michael , Morley Peter ,   Australian Resuscitation Council and KIDS SAVE LIVES Stakeholder Organisations
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvery year 25 000 Australians experience a cardiac arrest in our community, but only 12% survive. The faster cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, known as basic life support (BLS), is commenced, the greater the chance of survival. Currently, only half of the Australian adults are trained in BLS. The Australian Resuscitation Council and key stakeholder organisations believe that the best way to ensure all Australians know how to save a life is by mandating BLS education and training in our schools. This ‘Aussie KIDS SAVE LIVES’ position statement outlines our strategy to help facilitate the introduction of a programme of regular BLS training into the Australian school curriculum.
Encapsulation of rosemary essential oil in zein by electrospinning technique
Authors: Hosseini Faeghe , Miri Mohammad Amin , Najafi Mohammadali , Soleimanifard Sediqeh , Aran Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, rosemary essential oil was encapsulated in zein‐electrospun fibers at different concentrations of loading (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% v/v). The chemical composition of rosemary essential oil was determined by GC‐MS. The resultant zein‐electrospun fibers were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD, DSC, FTIR, and NMR. After being loaded with the essential oil, the fibers were evaluated for antimicrobial properties by the disc diffusion method against S. aureus (ATCC 1112) and E. coli (ATCC 1330). The release test was studied at pH values of 3 and 7.2 in phosphate buffer for 180 min. The GC‐MS indicated that α‐pinene occurred as a major compound in rosemary essential oil. Diameters of the zein‐electrospun fibers increased in response to higher concentrations of rosemary essential oil. The AFM assay attributed a tubular morphology to the fibers. The physical status of rosemary essential oil in zein‐electrospun fibers was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). DSC thermograms and FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of the rosemary essential oil in zein‐electrospun fibers. FTIR spectra also indicated that adding rosemary essential oil to the fibers affected the secondary structure of zein protein. The NMR study showed that the electrospinning process did not change the secondary structure of zein. Disc diffusion indicated that zein‐electrospun mats generated inhibition zones against S. aureus and E. coli. The release test revealed that pH values significantly affect the release of rosemary essential oil from fibers. The results demonstrated how loading zein‐electrospun fibers with rosemary essential oil can benefit food packaging.Practical ApplicationIn this study, electrospun fibers were produced from food‐grade biopolymer to encapsulate rosemary essential oil. This product can be produced at industrial scale as an active food packaging/coating, controlled release, and delivery of the rosemary essential oil to food products and gastrointestinal. Also, it can be considered as a functional food to increase health.
A Framework for Using Robotic Process Automation for Audit Tasks*
Authors: Eulerich Marc , Pawlowski Justin , Waddoups Nathan J. , Wood David A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe ability to develop bots to automate tasks and processes using robotic process automation (RPA) is receiving significant attention in accounting. Auditors often struggle to know what tasks to automate and how to prioritize bot development. Drawing upon socio‐technical systems (STS) theory and using a design science methodology, we develop and validate a three‐step evaluation framework to assist auditors as they decide what activities to automate. We validate this framework using interviews, surveys of experienced internal and external auditors, and two case studies. By developing and validating our framework through the lens of STS theory, we also provide several insights that help explain the mixed findings in prior research regarding the effectiveness and adoption of emerging technologies in audit. The implications of our study yield many opportunities for future research in the areas of RPA and emerging technologies in audit.
Managerial Career Concerns and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine*
Authors: Li Ningzhong , Shevlin Terry , Zhang Weining 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWhile managers' career concerns have been shown to be influential in shaping their decisions, there is little evidence of the impact such concerns may have on managers' tax avoidance incentives. This study examines the causal effect of managers' career concerns on tax avoidance using the staggered recognition by state courts of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD), a trade secret protection doctrine that places greater restrictions on managers from joining or forming a rival company. We argue that the IDD recognition increases the cost of job loss for managers whose current jobs may be in jeopardy, thereby increasing their incentive to avoid taxes in order to positively change their current employer's evaluation of their ability. The IDD recognition also reduces outside opportunities for high‐ability managers, and thereby reduces their incentive to avoid taxes in order to positively change external employers' evaluation of their ability. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, we provide evidence consistent with these predictions. We further show these effects are stronger for CEOs in their early years of service in the focal firms when the market is more uncertain about their ability. Our findings suggest that managers take into account the impact of tax avoidance on their career outcomes when making tax avoidance decisions.