bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educators, Solicitors, Flamers, Motivators, Sympathizers: Characterizing Roles in Online Extremist Movements
Authors: Phadke Shruti , Mitra Tanushree 
Published: October 2021

Social media provides the means by which extremist social movements, such as white supremacy and anti-LGBTQ, thrive online. Yet, we know little about the roles played by the participants of such movements. In this paper, we investigate these participants to characterize their roles, their role dynamics, and their influence in spreading online extremism. Our participants-online extremist accounts-are 4,876 public Facebook pages or groups that have shared information from the websites of 289 Southern Poverty LawCenter (SPLC) designated extremist groups. Guided by theories of participatory activism, we map the information sharing features of these extremists accounts. By clustering the quantitative features followed by qualitative expert validation, we identify five roles surrounding extremist activism-educators, solicitors, flamers, motivators, sympathizers. For example, solicitors use links from extremist websites to attract donations and participation in extremist issues, whereas flamers share inflammatory extremist content inciting anger. We further investigate role dynamics such as, how stable these roles are over time and how likely will extremist accounts transition from one role into another. We find that roles core to the movement-educators and solicitors-are more stable, while flamers and motivators can transition to sympathizers with high probability.
Finally, using a Hawkes process model, we test which roles are more influential in spreading various types of information. We find that educators and solicitors exert the most influence in triggering extremist link posts, whereas flamers are influential in triggering the spread of information from fake news sources. Our results help in situating various roles on the trajectory of deeper engagement into the extremist movements and understanding the potential effect of various counter-extremism interventions. Our findings have implications for understanding how online extremist movements flourish through participatory activism and how they gain a spectrum of allies for mobilizing extremism online.
Patterns of Carbon-Bound Exogenous Compounds in Patients with Lung Cancer and Association with Disease Pathophysiology
Authors: Kunzke Thomas , Prade Verena M. , Buck Achim , Sun Na , Feuchtinger Annette , Matzka Marco , Fernandez Isis E. , Wuyts Wim , Ackermann Maximilian , Jonigk Danny , Aichler Michaela , Schmid Ralph A. , Eickelberg Oliver , Berezowska Sabina , Walch Axel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Asymptomatic anthracosis is the accumulation of black carbon particles in adult human lungs. It is a common occurrence, but the pathophysiologic significance of anthracosis is debatable. Using in situ high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry imaging analysis, we discovered noxious carbon-bound exogenous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, or aromatic amines, in a series of 330 patients with lung cancer in highly variable and unique patterns. The characteristic nature of carbon-bound exogenous compounds had a strong association with patient outcome, tumor progression, the tumor immune microenvironment, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and DNA damage. Spatial correlation network analyses revealed substantial differences in the metabolome of tumor cells compared with tumor stroma depending on carbon-bound exogenous compounds. Overall, the bioactive pool of exogenous compounds is associated with several changes in lung cancer pathophysiology and correlates with patient outcome. Given the high prevalence of anthracosis in the lungs of adult humans, future work should investigate the role of carbon-bound exogenous compounds in lung carcinogenesis and lung cancer therapy.

Significance:
This study identifies a bioactive pool of carbon-bound exogenous compounds in patient tissues associated with several tumor biological features, contributing to an improved understanding of drivers of lung cancer pathophysiology.
Temporal Muscle Thickness as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Translational Imaging Analysis of the CENTRIC EORTC 26071–22072 and CORE Trials
Authors: Furtner Julia , Weller Michael , Weber Michael , Gorlia Thierry , Nabors Burt , Reardon David A. , Tonn Joerg C. , Stupp Roger , Preusser Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the prognostic relevance of temporal muscle thickness (TMT) as a surrogate parameter of skeletal muscle status in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Experimental Design:
We assessed TMT in cranial MRI of 755 patients enrolled in the CENTRIC EORTC 26071–22072 study (n = 508) and CORE study (n = 247). We used predefined sex-specific TMT cut-off values to categorize “patients at risk of sarcopenia” and “patients with normal muscle status” at baseline. Furthermore, we categorized patients according to the extent of TMT loss over time. Associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the Cox model adjusted for other exploratory variables.

Results:
Patients at risk of sarcopenia (CENTRIC; n = 158/508, 31.1%; CORE; n = 87/247, 35.2%) at baseline had significantly higher risk of progression and death than patients with normal muscle status in both study cohorts [CENTRIC: PFS = HR 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.21; P &lt; 0.001; OS = HR 0.341; 95% CI, 0.27–0.44; P &lt; 0.001; CORE: PFS = HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.21–0.39; P &lt; 0.001; OS = HR, 0.365; 95% CI, 0.27–0.49; P &lt; 0.001]. Similar results were obtained in multivariate Cox models adjusted for other important prognostic parameters. The extent of TMT loss over time showed a significant inverse correlation with median OS times in patients at risk for sarcopenia (CENTRIC: P &lt; 0.001; CORE: P = 0.005), but not in patients with normal baseline muscle mass (CENTRIC: P = 0.538; CORE: P = 0.28).

Conclusions:
TMT identifies ambulatory patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma at risk for progressive sarcopenia and adverse outcomes. Early intervention may prevent skeletal muscle loss and improve patient outcome.
Differences in Prostate Cancer Genomes by Self-reported Race: Contributions of Genetic Ancestry, Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors, and Clinical Factors
Authors: Stopsack Konrad H. , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Arora Kanika , Nguyen Bastien , Vasselman Samantha E. , Nweji Barbara , McBride Sean M. , Morris Michael J. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Slovin Susan F. , Danila Daniel C. , Autio Karen A. , Scher Howard I. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Solit David B. , Gönen Mithat , Chen Yu , Berger Michael F. , Schultz Nikolaus , Abida Wassim , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose:Black men die from prostate cancer twice as often as White men, a disparity likely due to inherited genetics, modifiable cancer risk factors, and healthcare access. It is incompletely understood how and why tumor genomes differ by self-reported race and genetic ancestry.Experimental Design:Among 2,069 men with prostate cancer (1,841 self-reported White, 63 Asian, 165 Black) with access to clinical-grade sequencing at the same cancer center, prevalence of tumor and germline alterations was assessed in cancer driver genes reported to have different alteration prevalence by race.Results:Clinical characteristics such as prostate-specific antigen and age at diagnosis as well as cancer stage at sample procurement differed by self-reported race. However, most genomic differences persisted when adjusting for clinical characteristics. Tumors from Black men harbored fewer PTEN mutations and more AR alterations than those from White men. Tumors from Asian men had more FOXA1 mutations and more ZFHX3 alterations than White men. Despite fewer TP53 mutations, tumors from Black men had more aneuploidy, particularly chromosome arm 8q gains, an adverse prognostic factor. Genetic ancestry was associated with similar tumor alterations as self-reported race, but also with modifiable cancer risk factors. Community-level average income was associated with chr8q gains after adjusting for race and ancestry.Conclusions:Tumor genomics differed by race even after accounting for clinical characteristics. Equalizing access to care may not fully eliminate such differences. Therapies for alterations more common in racial minorities are needed. Tumor genomic differences should not be assumed to be entirely due to germline genetics.
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Nivolumab and Lirilumab in Patients with Recurrent, Resectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , O'Neill Anne , Shin Kee-Young , Wong Kristine , Jo Vickie Y. , Quinn Charles T. , Cutler Jennifer M. , Flynn Michelle , Lizotte Patrick H. , Annino Donald J. , Goguen Laura A. , Kass Jason I. , Rettig Eleni M. , Sethi Rosh K.V. , Lorch Jochen H. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Margalit Danielle N. , Tishler Roy B. , Everett Peter C. , Desai Anupam M. , Cavanaugh Megan E. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra , Haddad Robert I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose:Surgery often represents the best chance for disease control in locoregionally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We investigated dual immune-checkpoint inhibition [anti–PD-1, nivolumab (N), and anti-KIR, lirilumab (L)] before and after salvage surgery to improve disease-free survival (DFS).Patients and Methods:In this phase II study, patients received N (240 mg) + L (240 mg) 7 to 21 days before surgery, followed by six cycles of adjuvant N + L. Primary endpoint was 1-year DFS; secondary endpoints were safety, pre-op radiologic response, and overall survival (OS). Correlatives included tumor sequencing, PD-L1 scoring, and immunoprofiling.Results:Among 28 patients, the median age was 66, 86% were smokers; primary site: 9 oral cavity, 9 oropharynx, and 10 larynx/hypopharynx; 96% had prior radiation. There were no delays to surgery. Grade 3+ adverse events: 11%. At the time of surgery, 96% had stable disease radiologically, one had progression. Pathologic response to N + L was observed in 43% (12/28): 4/28 (14%) major (tumor viability, TV ≤ 10%) and 8/28 (29%) partial (TV ≤ 50%). PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) at surgery was similar regardless of pathologic response (P = 0.71). Thirteen (46%) recurred (loco-regional = 10, distant = 3). Five of 28 (18%) had positive margins, 4 later recurred. At median follow-up of 22.8 months, 1-year DFS was 55.2% (95% CI, 34.8–71.7) and 1-year OS was 85.7% (95% CI, 66.3–94.4). Two-year DFS and OS were 64% and 80% among pathologic responders.Conclusions:(Neo)adjuvant N + L was well tolerated, with a 43% pathologic response rate. We observed favorable DFS and excellent 2-year OS among high-risk, previously treated patients exhibiting a pathologic response. Further evaluation of this strategy is warranted.
Targeting CD99 Compromises the Oncogenic Effects of the Chimera EWS–FLI1 by Inducing Reexpression of Zyxin and Inhibition of GLI1 Activity
Authors: Balestra Tommaso , Manara Maria Cristina , Laginestra Maria Antonella , Pasello Michela , De Feo Alessandra , Bassi Cristian , Guerzoni Clara , Landuzzi Lorena , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Donati Davide Maria , Negrini Massimo , Magnani Mauro , Scotlandi Katia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive pediatric tumor, is driven by EWS–FLI1, an oncogenic transcription factor that remodels the tumor genetic landscape. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis, and the therapeutic value of compounds targeting epigenetic pathways is being identified in preclinical models. Here, we showed that modulation of CD99, a cell surface molecule highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma cells, may alter transcriptional dysregulation in Ewing sarcoma through control of the zyxin–GLI1 axis. Zyxin is transcriptionally repressed, but GLI1 expression is maintained by EWS–FLI1. We demonstrated that targeting CD99 with antibodies, including the human diabody C7, or genetically inhibiting CD99 is sufficient to increase zyxin expression and induce its dynamic nuclear accumulation. Nuclear zyxin functionally affects GLI1, inhibiting targets such as NKX2–2, cyclin D1, and PTCH1 and upregulating GAS1, a tumor suppressor protein negatively regulated by SHH/GLI1 signaling. We used a battery of functional assays to demonstrate (i) the relationship between CD99/zyxin and tumor cell growth/migration and (ii) how CD99 deprivation from the Ewing sarcoma cell surface is sufficient to specifically affect the expression of some crucial EWS–FLI1 targets, both in vitro and in vivo, even in the presence of EWS–FLI1. This article reveals that the CD99/zyxin/GLI1 axis is promising therapeutic target for reducing Ewing sarcoma malignancy.
Subject Clitics in Microcontact: A Case Study from Heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Frasson Alberto , D’Alessandro Roberta , van Osch Brechje 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present data from first generation immigrants (G1) and second and third generation heritage speakers of Friulian, a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in North-Eastern Italy and also found in Argentina and Brazil. The target phenomenon is subject clitics (SCL s). We show that SCL s in heritage Friulian are in a process of being reanalyzed from being agreement markers to pronouns. While SCL s are obligatory in Friulian as spoken in Italy, they are often dropped in heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil; this phenomenon, we argue, needs to be interpreted as the drop of pronominal subjects, and not of agreement-like SCL s. We also demonstrate that the use of SCL s (reanalyzed as pronominal subjects) is conditioned both by grammatical factors (it happens more in some grammatical persons than in others) and by discourse factors (they are used more in the case of a continuation topic than in other topicalization contexts). This means that in heritage Friulian, discourse constraints on the expression of subjects are not being lost or weakened; in fact, against the general grammaticalization trend of pronominal forms, new discourse constraints are introduced.
Some Morphosyntactic Features of Russian as a Heritage Language in the Speech of Bi/Multilingual Children in Canada
Authors: Makarova Veronika , Terekhova Natalia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the development of some features of morphology and syntax in the speech of bi/multilingual children in Saskatchewan, Canada, who are heritage speakers of Russian. The article reports on the results of a descriptive study examining some morpho-syntactic characteristics of the Russian speech of 29 children between 5 and 6 years old from immigrant families. These results are compared with a sample of speech data produced by Russian monolingual children (ML). This comparison demonstrates that child RHL speakers produce more morpho-syntactic non-canonical forms than their ML peers, but that the development of noun cases and verbal forms overall is similar to what is observed among ML speakers.
Design of a multi-resiliency exoskeleton and its physiologic cost evaluation in uphill walking and stair climbing locomotion
Authors: Cao Enguo , Ren MengYi , Cui YuTian , Wang Kun , Yang Bin 
Published: October 2021

Background In recent years, as the large own weight of active exoskeleton brings some difficulty to energy-sustainable, studies have shown that passive lower extremity exoskeletons can also reduce the energy consumption of human locomotion, but the energy saving is still relatively small compared with the total consumption. Methods A passive lower limb exoskeleton named Multi-Resiliency was described, and design parameters were estimated based on inverse dynamics. Furthermore, a series of experiments was designed for assessing the assisting effect of the exoskeleton in uphill walking and upstairs activities. Results In the inverse dynamics analysis, the spring release angle θmax was confirmed to be 45° for increasing assist performance of the exoskeleton. In the exoskeleton wearing experiments, the energy expenditure of subjects were decreased by 14.3% in uphill walking test and 16.0% in stair climbing test respectively. Conclusion The results show that the design of Multi-Resiliency exoskeleton is reasonable and it may effectively improve walking efficiency during uphill walking and stair climbing activities.
Clinical update on public and private psychiatric practice shared-care partnerships – Can the twain work together?
Authors: Looi Jeffrey C.L. , Atchison Michelle , Matias May 
Published: October 2021

Objective: We explore the previous research and current context regarding opportunities for shared-care partnerships between public and private psychiatric practice. Conclusions: Since the early 2000s, when there was impetus for the development of public-private psychiatric shared-care models as part of a previous National Mental Health Strategy, there has been surprisingly little research and policy development. Given an apparent exodus of psychiatrists to private practice due to current challenges facing the public health sector, it is timely to reconsider models of private and public sector shared-care that may improve the quality of public mental healthcare.
Trajectories of Follow-up Compliance in a Fracture Liaison Service and Their Predictors: A Longitudinal Group-Based Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Senay Andréa , Fernandes Julio C , Delisle Josée , Morin Suzanne N , Nagin Daniel , Perreault Sylvie 
Published: October 2021

Introduction/Objectives Identification of groups of patients following similar trajectories of time-varying patient characteristics are often of considerable clinical value. This study provides an example of how the identification of trajectory groups of patients can be useful. Methods Using clinical and administrative data of a prospective cohort study aiming to improve the secondary prevention of osteoporosis-related fractures with a Fracture Liaison Service (FLS), trajectory groups for visit compliance over time (2-year follow-up) were predicted using group-based trajectory modeling. Predictors of trajectory groups were identified using multinomial logistic regressions. Results Among 532 participants (86% women, mean age 63 years), three trajectories were identified and interpreted as high followers, intermediate followers, and low followers. The predicted probability for group-membership was: 48.4% high followers, 28.1% intermediate followers, 23.5% low followers. A lower femoral bone mineral density and polypharmacy were predictors of being in the high followers compared to the low followers group; predictors for being in the intermediate followers group were polypharmacy and referral to a bone specialist at baseline. Conclusions Results provided information on visit compliance patterns and predictors for the patients undergoing the intervention. This information has important implications when implementing such health services and determining their effectiveness.
Severe cytokine release syndrome is associated with hematologic toxicity following CD19 CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Juluri Krishna R. , Wu Qian Vicky , Voutsinas Jenna , Hou Jue , Hirayama Alexandre V. , Mullane Erin , Miles Nancy , Maloney David G. , Turtle Cameron J. , Bar Merav , Gauthier Jordan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies; however, it is associated with toxicities including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and impaired hematopoietic recovery. The latter is associated with high-grade cytopenias requiring extended growth factor or transfusional support, potentially leading to additional complications such as infection or hemorrhage. To date, the factors independently associated with hematologic toxicity have not been well characterized. To address this deficit, we retrospectively analyzed 173 patients who received defined-composition CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in a phase 1/2 clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01865617), with primary end points of absolute neutrophil count and platelet count at day-28 after CAR T-cell infusion. We observed cumulative incidences of neutrophil and platelet recovery of 81% and 75%, respectively, at 28 days after infusion. Hematologic toxicity was noted in a significant subset of patients, with persistent neutropenia in 9% and thrombocytopenia in 14% at last follow-up. Using debiased least absolute shrinkage selector and operator regression analysis for high-dimensional modeling and considering patient-, disease-, and treatment-related variables, we identified increased CRS severity as an independent predictor for decreased platelet count and lower prelymphodepletion platelet count as an independent predictor of both decreased neutrophil and platelet counts after CD19 CAR T-cell infusion. Furthermore, multivariable models including CRS-related cytokines identified associations between higher peak serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and lower day-28 cell counts; in contrast, higher serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 were associated with higher counts. Our findings suggest that patient selection and improved CRS management may improve hematopoietic recovery after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.
Pretherapy metabolic tumor volume is associated with response to CD30 CAR T cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Voorhees Timothy J. , Zhao Beibo , Oldan Jorge , Hucks George , Khandani Amir , Dittus Christopher , Smith Jennifer , Morrison J. Kaitlin , Cheng Catherine J. , Ivanova Anastasia , Park Steven , Shea Thomas C. , Beaven Anne W. , Dotti Gianpietro , Serody Jonathan , Savoldo Barbara , Grover Natalie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our group has recently demonstrated that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy targeting the CD30 antigen (CD30.CAR-T) is highly effective in patients with relapsed and refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Despite high rates of clinical response, relapses and progression were observed in a subset of patients. The objective of this study was to characterize clinical and correlative factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) after CD30.CAR-T cell therapy. We evaluated correlatives in 27 patients with r/r cHL treated with lymphodepletion and CD30.CAR-T cells. With a median follow-up of 9.5 months, 17 patients (63%) progressed, with a median PFS of 352 days (95% confidence interval: 116-not reached), and 2 patients died (7%) with a median overall survival of not reached. High metabolic tumor volume (MTV, &gt;60 mL) immediately before lymphodepletion and CD30.CAR-T cell infusion was associated with inferior PFS (log rank, P = .02), which persisted after adjusting for lymphodepletion and CAR-T dose (log rank, P = .01 and P = .006, respectively). In contrast, receiving bridging therapy, response to bridging therapy, CD30.CAR-T expansion/persistence, and percentage of CD3+PD-1+ lymphocytes over the first 6 weeks of therapy were not associated with differences in PFS. In summary, this study reports an association between high baseline MTV immediately before lymphodepletion and CD30.CAR-T cell infusion and worse PFS in patients with r/r cHL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02690545.