bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of HFE polymorphisms to brain and blood iron load, and their links to cognitive and motor function in healthy adults
Authors: Kalpouzos Grégoria , Mangialasche Francesca , Falahati Farshad , Laukka Erika J , Papenberg Goran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrain iron overload is linked to brain deterioration, and cognitive and motor impairment in neurodegenerative disorders and normal aging. Mutations in the HFE gene are associated with iron dyshomeostasis and are risk factors for peripheral iron overload. However, links to brain iron load and cognition are less consistent and data are scarce.Aims and methodsUsing quantitative susceptibility mapping with magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether C282Y and H63D contributed to aging‐related increases in brain iron load and lower cognitive and motor performance in 208 healthy individuals aged 20‐79 years. We also assessed the modulatory effects of HFE mutations on associations between performance and brain iron load, as well as peripheral iron metabolism.ResultsIndependent of age, carriers of either C282Y and/or H63D (HFE‐pos group, n = 66) showed a higher load of iron in putamen than non‐carriers (HFE‐neg group, n = 142), as well as higher transferrin saturation and lower transferrin and transferrin receptors in blood. In the HFE‐neg group, higher putaminal iron was associated with lower working memory. In the HFE‐pos group, higher putaminal iron was instead linked to higher executive function, and lower plasma transferrin was related to higher episodic memory. Iron‐performance associations were modest albeit reliable.ConclusionOur findings suggest that HFE status is characterized by higher regional brain iron load across adulthood, and support the presence of a modulatory effect of HFE status on the relationships between iron load and cognition. Future studies in healthy individuals are needed to confirm the reported patterns.
Fire performance of piperazine phytate modified rigid polyurethane foam composites
Authors: Yang Sujie , Zhang Bing , Liu Mengru , Yang Yadong , Liu Xinliang , Chen Depeng , Wang Bibo , Tang Gang , Liu Xiuyu 
Published: July 2021

Using phytic acid (PA) and piperazine (Pi) as raw materials, piperazine phytate (PA‐Pi) was fabricated by simple ionic reaction. Furthermore, A series of rigid polyurethane foam/piperazine phytate (RPUF/PA‐Pi) composites were prepared by one‐step water‐blown technology. Thermogravimetric (TG) results showed that the addition of PA‐Pi improved the thermal stability of RPUF/PA‐Pi composites at high temperature. At 700°C, RPUF/PA‐Pi20 exhibited the highest carbon residue of 25.8 wt%. Cone calorimetry and smoke density tests suggested that PA‐Pi could reduce the heat and smoke release during combustion process of the composites, thus reducing their fire hazard. Thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) indicated that PA‐Pi significantly inhibited the release of toxic gases (isocyanate compounds, aromatic compounds, CO and HCN) and flammable gases (hydrocarbons and esters) during the decomposition process of RPUF/PA‐Pi composites, effectively improving fire performance of the composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the carbon residue of RPUF/PA‐Pi composites. The results showed that PA‐Pi could promote the formation of dense carbon layer of composites and effectively prevented heat and mass transfer in the combustion process.
Prenatal stomach position and volume in relation to postnatal outcomes in left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Weller Katinka , Peters Nina C. J. , van Rosmalen Joost , Cochius‐Den Otter Suzan C. M. , DeKoninck Philip L. J. , Wijnen Rene M. H. , Cohen‐Overbeek Titia E. , Eggink Alex J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between prenatal stomach position (SP) grade and stomach volume (SV) and the need for pulmonary hypertension (PH) treatment after birth in prenatally diagnosed left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), live born >34 weeks.MethodsIn retrospect, SP grade and SV were determined in fetuses with isolated left‐sided CDH from 19 weeks gestational age (GA) onwards at three different time periods (≤24 weeks' GA: US1, 24–30 weeks' GA: US2; ≥30 weeks' GA: US3). Primary outcome was need for treatment of PH after birth. Secondary analyses included the predictive value of SP and SV for other respiratory outcomes and postnatal defect size.ResultsA total of 101 fetuses were included. SP grade was significantly associated with need for treatment of PH (US1, US2, and US3: p < 0.02). Also, prenatal SP grade was positively associated with defect size and development of chronic lung disease (CLD) in survivors. No association was found between SV and respiratory morbidities or postnatal defect size.ConclusionSP grade in left‐sided CDH fetuses is associated with an increased need for PH treatment, a larger postnatal defect size and CLD in survivors. We consider SP determination a valuable contribution to the prenatal assessment of left‐sided CDH.
InGaP/GaAs dual‐junction solar cells with AlInGaP passivation layer grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Shoji Yasushi , Oshima Ryuji , Makita Kikuo , Ubukata Akinori , Sugaya Takeyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), which enables low‐cost crystal growth, has garnered attention as an alternative III–V device fabrication technology to metal organic chemical vapor deposition. However, improvement in solar cell performance, through the introduction of Al‐containing materials grown by HVPE, has not been reported because of the complexity of their growth. This paper presents the solar cell applications of AlInGaP grown via HVPE using aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) as a precursor. Increasing the partial pressure of AlCl3 increased the Al composition in the AlInGaP layers. Although high concentrations of Si and O impurities were detected within the HVPE‐grown AlInGaP layers, the crystals were found to be of a quality that could be used in III–V solar cells. By using AlInGaP as a passivation layer in InGaP single‐junction solar cells, the current density was improved because of a reduction in the surface recombination loss. A conversion efficiency of 15.4% was achieved for the InGaP single‐junction solar cells measured under airmass 1.5 global solar spectrum illumination. Moreover, we developed 26.9% efficient InGaP/GaAs dual‐junction solar cells, the highest conversion efficiency in reported cells grown via HVPE. This result demonstrates an improvement in the performance of HVPE cells by introducing Al‐containing materials.
Nanocaging Silicon Nanoparticles into a Porous Carbon Framework toward Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Hou Zhidong , Liu Huanyan , Chen Panpan , Wang Jian‐Gan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilicon (Si) shows overwhelming promise as the high‐capacity anode material of Li‐ion batteries with high energy density. However, Si‐based anodes are subjected to a limited electrochemical cycling lifetime due to their large volume change. Herein, a honeycomb‐like biomass‐derived carbon nanosheet framework is reported to encapsulate Si nanoparticles via a facile molten salt templating method. The carbon framework provides sufficient void space for effectively accommodating the large volume expansion of Si upon Li+ insertion. Moreover, the interconnected carbon skeletons afford fast electron/ion transport pathways for improving the reaction kinetics. Consequently, the porous Si/carbon composite could exhibit a high and stable Li storage capacity of 1022 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 100 cycles along with superior rate capability (555 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). This study demonstrates an effective structural design strategy for Si‐based anodes toward stable lithium energy storage.
Predicting mutant outcome by combining deep mutational scanning and machine learning
Authors: Sarfati Hagit , Naftaly Si , Papo Niv , Keasar Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeep mutational scanning provides unprecedented wealth of quantitative data regarding the functional outcome of mutations in proteins. A single experiment may measure properties (eg, structural stability) of numerous protein variants. Leveraging the experimental data to gain insights about unexplored regions of the mutational landscape is a major computational challenge. Such insights may facilitate further experimental work and accelerate the development of novel protein variants with beneficial therapeutic or industrially relevant properties. Here we present a novel, machine learning approach for the prediction of functional mutation outcome in the context of deep mutational screens. Using sequence (one‐hot) features of variants with known properties, as well as structural features derived from models thereof, we train predictive statistical models to estimate the unknown properties of other variants. The utility of the new computational scheme is demonstrated using five sets of mutational scanning data, denoted “targets”: (a) protease specificity of APPI (amyloid precursor protein inhibitor) variants; (b‐d) three stability related properties of IGBPG (immunoglobulin G‐binding β1 domain of streptococcal protein G) variants; and (e) fluorescence of GFP (green fluorescent protein) variants. Performance is measured by the overall correlation of the predicted and observed properties, and enrichment—the ability to predict the most potent variants and presumably guide further experiments. Despite the diversity of the targets the statistical models can generalize variant examples thereof and predict the properties of test variants with both single and multiple mutations.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of rivaroxaban in children and comparison to prospective physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic predictions
Authors: Willmann Stefan , Coboeken Katrin , Zhang Yang , Mayer Hannah , Ince Ibrahim , Mesic Emir , Thelen Kirstin , Kubitza Dagmar , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Yang Haitao , Zhu Peijuan , Mück Wolfgang , Drenth Henk‐Jan , Lippert Jörg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRivaroxaban has been investigated in the EINSTEIN‐Jr program for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children aged 0 to 18 years and in the UNIVERSE program for thromboprophylaxis in children aged 2 to 8 years with congenital heart disease after Fontan‐procedure. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling were used throughout the pediatric development of rivaroxaban according to the learn‐and‐confirm paradigm. The development strategy was to match pediatric drug exposures to adult exposure proven to be safe and efficacious. In this analysis, a refined pediatric PopPK model for rivaroxaban based on integrated EINSTEIN‐Jr data and interim PK data from part A of the UNIVERSE phase III study was developed and the influence of potential covariates and intrinsic factors on rivaroxaban exposure was assessed. The model adequately described the observed pediatric PK data. PK parameters and exposure metrics estimated by the PopPK model were compared to the predictions from a previously published pediatric PBPK model for rivaroxaban. Ninety‐one percent of the individual post hoc clearance estimates were found within the 5th to 95th percentile of the PBPK model predictions. In patients below 2 years of age, however, clearance was underpredicted by the PBPK model. The iterative and integrative use of PBPK and PopPK modeling and simulation played a major role in the establishment of the bodyweight‐adjusted rivaroxaban dosing regimen that was ultimately confirmed to be a safe and efficacious dosing regimen for children aged 0 to 18 years with acute VTE in the EINSTEIN‐Jr phase III study.
Impact of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on extreme precipitation over the western Maritime Continent and Southeast Asia
Authors: Da Silva Nicolas A. , Matthews Adrian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe western Maritime Continent (MC) and Southeast Asia lie at the heart of the largest area of high precipitation on Earth. Extreme precipitation is one of the major high‐impact weather events to affect the population of over 500 million in this region. The deep convection associated with this extreme precipitation is difficult to forecast, even with modern high‐resolution numerical weather prediction with explicit convection. However, larger‐scale organised convective systems, such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), can be skilfully predicted to 3–5 weeks lead time. The MJO has a well‐known precipitation signal, and it is likely that it also modulates extreme precipitation. Here, the extreme precipitation signal of the MJO is analysed in detail for the western MC and Southeast Asia using 19 years of high‐resolution Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM IMERG) data. The probability of experiencing extreme precipitation increases robustly by a factor of two, and decreases by a factor of half, dependent on location and the phase of the MJO. The spatial pattern of these changes in extreme precipitation does not describe a smooth eastward propagation, but shows rapid variation over short distances, tied to the complex distribution of land and sea within the archipelago. There is also a seasonal dependence of this MJO modulation in some locations. A more detailed analysis of the effect of the MJO on extreme precipitation is presented for the major cities in the region. Extreme precipitation days over the MC are generally linked with an amplification of the diurnal cycle. However, although an active MJO increases the frequency of extreme precipitation days and therefore an amplified diurnal cycle, there was no further amplification of the diurnal cycle in the active MJO, compared with extreme precipitation days during non‐active MJO periods.
Competing or complementary labels? Estimating spillovers in Chinese green building certification
Authors: Li Xia , Simcoe Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch summaryMany markets have multiple voluntary certification programs that sellers use to signal product or organizational quality. We argue that there can be positive spillovers in adoption of “competing” certifications and propose a framework for understanding how such spillovers arise through three channels: suppliers, adopters, and users of various labels. Our empirical analysis demonstrates these effects in the context of Chinese green‐building certification. Specifically, we measure spillovers from adoption of the Chinese Green Building Evaluation Label (GBEL) to adoption of the alternative LEED standard within the same city. To isolate the causal impact of GBEL on LEED adoption, we use local government subsidies as an instrumental variable. We find evidence of market‐level spillovers through the supplier and user channels, but little evidence of building‐level scope economies.Managerial summaryMany markets have several voluntary certification programs that sellers can use to signal product or organizational quality. Although many scholars emphasize the potential for competition between labels, we argue that there can be positive spillovers in adoption of “competing” certification schemes and propose a framework for understanding how those spillovers arise through three channels: suppliers, adopters, and audience. Managers of nascent certification programs can use this framework as a roadmap for attracting various stakeholder groups. We use our framework to analyze the diffusion of Chinese green‐building labels and find evidence of large positive spillovers through the supplier and audience channels. These results suggest that the risks of tipping toward a single standard may be small in practice.
A High‐Throughput Nanofluidic Device for Exosome Nanoporation to Develop Cargo Delivery Vehicles
Authors: Hao Rui , Yu Zitong , Du Jing , Hu Shi , Yuan Chao , Guo Hang , Zhang Yi , Yang Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfficient loading of various exogenous cargos into exosomes while not affecting their integrity and functionalities remains a major challenge. Here, a nanofluidic device named “exosome nanoporator (ENP)” is presented for high‐throughput loading of various cargos into exosomes. By transporting exosomes through nanochannels with height comparable to their dimension, exosome membranes are permeabilized by mechanical compression and fluid shear, allowing the influx of cargo molecules into the exosomes from the surrounding solution while maintaining exosome integrity. The ENP consisting of an array of 30 000 nanochannels demonstrates a high sample throughput, and the working mechanism of the device is elucidated through experimental and numerical study. Further, the exosomes treated by the ENP can deliver their drug cargos to human non‐small cell lung cancer cells and induce cell death, indicating the potential opportunities of the device for developing new exosome‐based delivery vehicles for medical and biological applications.
α‐Amylase Immobilization on Ceramic Membranes for Starch Hydrolysis
Authors: Nazarova Elena A. , Yushkova Ekaterina D. , Ivanets Andrei I. , Prozorovich Vladimir G. , Krivoshapkin Pavel V. , Krivoshapkina Elena F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstractα‐Amylase has many applications in various fields, especially in the food industry where it is used in starch hydrolysate production. However, the use of free enzymes is disadvantageous as the enzymes cannot be recovered from the reaction medium and are therefore used only once. The challenge of the biological pollution of wastewater can be tackled using immobilized enzymes as they possess higher stability as well as the possibility of repeated and continuous use. In this paper, adsorption and covalent methods of α‐amylase immobilization on ceramic membranes are developed and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. For these purposes, silica ceramic membranes with a microfiltration layer (pore sizes 1–5 µm) are first used. The dependences of immobilized α‐amylase activity on enzyme concentration and reaction time are determined and compared with the free enzyme. The influence of pH, temperature, and reusability on adsorbed enzyme activity is investigated. Thus, a novel combination of filtration and biocatalytic functions on one membrane is introduced. The results obtained are crucial for controlling certain characteristics of hydrolysis during industrial processes.
A value of information methodology for multiobjective decisions in quantitative set‐based design
Authors: Shallcross Nicholas J. , Parnell Gregory S. , Pohl Ed , Goerger Simon R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEngineering complex systems is an exercise in sequential multiobjective decision making under uncertainty. One method for handling this complexity and uncertainty is set‐based design (SBD). SBD is a concurrent engineering and management methodology that develops, analyzes, and matures numerous design options, reducing risk and delivering higher value to the stakeholders and end users. SBD accomplishes this through controlled design space convergence which reduces uncertainty and prevents premature design decisions. While SBD has been the subject of numerous scholarly articles, there is limited research providing quantitative methodologies that inform decisions enabling design maturation and convergence. We present a value of information (VOI) based methodology for multiobjective decision problems, and demonstrate its applicability for SBD decisions. We apply Bayesian decision models and information value to inform multiobjective modeling and design maturation decisions. Research contributions include: 1) a framework integrating VOI into the SBD process, 2) a multiobjective VOI method assessing a higher‐resolution model's ability to reduce uncertainty, and 3) a means of informing modeling decisions by comparing multiple high resolutions models, given their usage cost and their potential to deliver information value. Finally, we demonstrate the inherent issues associated with premature decisions and traditional point‐based design approaches which run the risk of selecting an alternative that later proves infeasible.
Urethrorectal fistula in a Labrador puppy
Authors: Wale Kathryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 5‐month‐old entire male Labrador retriever puppy was diagnosed with a congenital urethrorectal fistula based on positive contrast abdominal radiography. Antimicrobial therapy was used to treat a clinically asymptomatic lower urinary tract infection prior to surgical correction. The fistula itself was ligated via a perineal approach. The clinical signs resolved immediately after surgery and had not recurred at telephone update 5 months later.
Power decoupling control of DFIG rotor‐side PWM converter based on auto‐disturbance rejection control
Authors: Zhou Zhenxiong , Peng Hongyi , Liu Bingshen , Wang Wenbao , Niu Guocheng , Liu Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, double PWM converter AC excitation system of the variable speed constant frequency doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind power generation is taken as the research object. At present, most vector control systems of rotor‐side PWM converter adopt feedforward compensation to realize the purpose of power decoupling control. The decoupling effect is greatly affected by the power changes. A power decoupling control strategy based on auto‐disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. The decoupling control between active power and reactive power is realized by observing the coupling term and the total disturbance of the d‐axis and q‐axis components of the stator current and the stator voltage with the extended state observer and compensating. Simulation analysis and experimental test show that, on the basis of vector transformation, the rotor‐side PWM converter power decoupling control based on ADRC has a small overshoot and fast dynamic response when tracking the change of wind turbine input power, which can achieve the decoupling control between active power and reactive power well. The system has strong robustness and adaptability.
Setting the Scene: Research and Writing Against the Neoliberal Grain
Authors: Gair Susan , Hager Tamar , Herzog Omri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter outlines our collaborative research and writing project which recounts personal stories regarding everyday survival in the neoliberal academia. It begins by depicting the characteristics of academic neoliberal regime, such as authoritarian managerialism, accountability processes, standardization measures, performance indicators and benchmarking achievement audits. As previous research shows, neoliberalism impacts the everyday lives and wellbeing of academics, prompting us to take a deeper exploration of academic selves. The chapter then goes on to describe our methodology, collaborative autoethnography, introducing the advantages and disadvantages of personal stories as a research method. It ends by outlining our working method, exploring how we collectively wrote, shared, discussed and reflected on our texts.
The Manufactured CV
Authors: Gair Susan , Hager Tamar , Herzog Omri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter addresses the construction and management of an appropriate academic CV. Tamar begins by describing the barriers, hurdles, timelines, narrow calculations and self-constructions needed in negotiating the university promotions process. Next, Omri describes his somewhat unsuccessful efforts to expand graduate students’ understandings of how an acceptable CV might be re-imagined. Susan picks up this thread of valuing professional practice, but concludes that theoretical and research knowledge may not be as valued as it could be in social work practice, while management support for field placements is less valued on the academic list of achievements, thereby contributing to a fraught juggle of priorities in the neoliberal academy.