bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Engagement in Opioid Use Disorder Treatment After Buprenorphine Induction
Authors: Simpson Scott A. , Hordes Melissa , Blum Joshua , Rinehart Deborah , Al-Tayyib Alia 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
Expanded access to buprenorphine induction, including via emergency departments, increases the likelihood of treatment engagement for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, longer-term retention among these patients remains a challenge. In this study, we aimed to identify barriers to engaging and retaining patients with OUD in care and additional services that might improve retention.

Methods
We surveyed counselors at an urban safety net addictions treatment clinic.

Results
Twenty-five of 27 (93%) eligible counselors responded. Counselors described patients who were homeless, had no prior treatment history, or lacked health insurance as hardest to retain in treatment. Housing assistance, residential treatment placement, regular access to a phone, and mental health services were thought to be most beneficial for improving retention. Respondents most often reported that screening for services should happen at intake, and almost all respondents agreed that “retention of patients receiving treatment for OUD would improve with a dedicated case manager and/or more coordinated case management services.”

Conclusions
Engagement in OUD treatment would be improved with interventions to mitigate the significant social and psychiatric comorbidities of addiction. Community- and emergency department-initiated buprenorphine is a promising intervention whose full promise cannot be realized without interventions to improve treatment retention.
A Standardized Assessment of Movement-evoked Pain Ratings Is Associated With Functional Outcomes in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Knox Patrick J. , Simon Corey B. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Pugliese Jenifer M. , Coyle Peter C. , Sions Jaclyn M. , Hicks Gregory E. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:Despite high prevalence estimates, chronic low back pain (CLBP) remains poorly understood among older adults. Movement-evoked pain (MeP) is an understudied factor in this population that may importantly contribute to disability. This study investigated whether a novel MeP paradigm contributed to self-reported and performance-based function in older adults with CLBP.Materials and Methods:This secondary analysis includes baseline data from 230 older adults with CLBP in the context of a prospective cohort study. The Repeated Chair Rise Test, Six Minute Walk Test, and Stair Climbing Test were used to elicit pain posttest LBP ratings were aggregated to yield the MeP variable. Self-reported and performance-based function were measured by the Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI) scaled function score and Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG), respectively. Robust regression with HC3 standard errors was used to model adjusted associations between MeP and both functional outcomes; age, sex, body mass index, and pain characteristics (ie, intensity, quality, and duration) were utilized as covariates.Results:MeP was present in 81.3% of participants, with an average rating of 5.09 (SD=5.4). Greater aggregated posttest MeP was associated with decreased LLFDI scores (b=−0.30,t=−2.81,P=0.005) and poorer TUG performance (b=0.081,t=2.35,P=0.020), independent of covariates. LBP intensity, quality and duration were not associated with the LLFDI or TUG, (allP>0.05).Discussion:Aggregated posttest MeP independently contributed to worse self-reported and performance-based function among older adults with CLBP. To understand long-term consequences of MeP, future studies should examine longitudinal associations between MeP and function in this population.
Chylous ascites has a higher incidence after robotic surgery and is associated with poor recurrence-free survival after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Zheng Zhifang , Chen Min , Huang Shenghui , Lu Xingrong , Huang Ying , Chi Pan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative chylous ascites is an infrequent condition after colorectal surgery and is easily treatable. However, its effect on the long-term oncological prognosis is not well established. This study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term impact of chylous ascites treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by rectal cancer surgery and to evaluate the incidence of chylous ascites after different surgical approaches.

Methods:
A total of 898 locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery between January 2010 and December 2018 were included. The clinicopathological data and outcomes of the patients with chylous ascites were compared with those of the patients without chylous ascites. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). To balance baseline confounders between groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for each patient with a logistic regression model.

Results:
Chylous ascites was detected in 3.8% (34/898) of the patients. The incidence of chylous ascites was highest after robotic surgery (6.9%, 6/86), followed by laparoscopic surgery (4.2%, 26/618) and open surgery (1.0%, 2/192, P = 0.021). The patients with chylous ascites had a significantly higher number of lymph nodes harvested (15.6 vs. 12.8, P = 0.009) and a 3-day longer postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.017). The 5-year RFS rate was 64.5% in the chylous ascites group, which was significantly lower than the rate in the no chylous ascites group (79.9%; P = 0.007). The results remained unchanged after PSM was performed. The chylous ascites group showed a nonsignificant trend towards a higher peritoneal metastasis risk (5.9% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.120). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis confirmed chylous ascites (hazard ratio= 3.038, P < 0.001) as an independent negative prognostic factor for RFS.

Conclusions:
Considering the higher incidence of chylous ascites after laparoscopic and robotic surgery and its adverse prognosis, we recommend sufficient coagulation of the lymphatic tissue near the vessel origins, especially during minimally invasive surgery.
Specialized pro-resolving mediators in respiratory diseases
Authors: Cagnina R. Elaine , Duvall Melody G. , Nijmeh Julie , Levy Bruce D. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Persistent unresolved inflammation results in a number of pathologic respiratory diseases including asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated ARDS. Inflammation resolution is an active series of biologic processes orchestrated by a family of bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from essential omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this review, we highlight recent findings on dysregulated inflammation resolution in common respiratory diseases and recent literature on SPM generation with PUFA dietary supplementation with relevance to diseases of respiratory inflammation.

Recent findings
Human studies and preclinical models of diseases of lung inflammation have revealed disequilibrium in the levels of pro-inflammatory versus pro-resolving mediators. Recent studies identified actions for SPMs on regulating prophlogistic host responses and stimulating inflammation resolution pathways in inflammatory respiratory diseases.

Summary
Dietary marine oils are enriched in PUFAs and contain parent omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and precursors for conversion to SPMs. Nutritional supplementation with fish oils can boost SPM levels and offer a therapeutic approach targeting inflammation resolution pathways for diseases of lung inflammation.
En bloc resection for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: selecting a proper laser
Authors: Enikeev Dmitry , Babjuk Marek , Shpikina Anastasia , Shariat Shahrokh , Glybochko Petr 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
To discuss the most recent surgical lasers that have been made available to us and to evaluate their potential in performing en bloc resection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Recent findings
Laser en bloc resection of bladder tumors (ERBT) can be performed with a number of laser systems including Ho:YAG, GreenLight, diode, Tm:YAG and thulium fiber lasers (TFL). The data that is currently available suggests that the water-targeting devices (utilizing water as a primary chromophore – Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG, TFL) may have a number of advantages over hemoglobin-targeting systems (potassium titanyl phosphate:YAG, lithium triborate:YAG). One recent addition to the surgical armamentarium Moses effect enhanced Ho:YAG and the TFL (being able to work both in quasi-continuous and SuperPulsed modes) necessitates careful discussion and comparison with the other available devices.

Summary
The majority of available lasers have proven to be safe to use and compared to electrocautery allow for lower rates of obturator nerve reflex and result in fewer bleeding complications. The minimal penetration depth and decreased peak power of Tm:YAG and TFLs render them the devices of choice when it comes to ERBT. Unfortunately, more studies on ERBT with TFL are needed in order for us to make a sound assessment of the respective pros and cons.
Single nucleus RNA-sequencing reveals altered intercellular communication and dendritic cell activation in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Codden Christina J. , Larson Amy , Awata Junya , Perera Gayani , Chin Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnd stage, nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intractable condition with no disease-specific therapies. To gain insights into the pathogenesis of nonobstructive HCM, we performed single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on human HCM hearts explanted at the time of cardiac transplantation and organ donor hearts serving as controls. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 64 differentially expressed genes linked to specific cell types and molecular functions. Analysis of ligand-receptor pair gene expression to delineate potential intercellular communication revealed significant reductions in expressed ligand-receptor pairs affecting the extracellular matrix, growth factor binding, peptidase regulator activity, platelet-derived growth factor binding and protease binding in the HCM tissue. Changes in Integrin-β1 receptor expression were responsible for many changes related to extracellular matrix interactions, by increasing in dendritic, smooth muscle and pericyte cells while decreasing in endothelial and fibroblast cells, suggesting potential mechanisms for fibrosis and microvascular disease in HCM and a potential role for dendritic cells. In contrast, there was an increase in ligand-receptor pair expression associated with adenylate cyclase binding, calcium channel molecular functions, channel inhibitor activity, ion channel inhibitor activity, phosphatase activator activity, protein kinase activator activity and titin binding, suggesting important shifts in various signaling cascades in nonobstructive, end stage HCM.Brief summaryEnd stage, nonobstructive human HCM is associated with altered intercellular communication and dendritic cell activation, providing novel insights into potential disease mechanisms.
Transcriptomic Fingerprint of Bacterial Infection in Lower Extremity Ulcers
Authors: Fritz Blaine , Bier-Kirkegaard Julius , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Kirketerp-Møller Klaus , Malone Matthew , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClinicians and researchers utilize subjective classification systems based on clinical parameters to stratify lower extremity ulcer infections for treatment and research. This study compared clinical infection classifications (mild to severe) of lower extremity ulcers (n = 44) with transcriptomic profiles and direct measurement of bacterial RNA signatures by RNA-sequencing. Samples demonstrating similar transcriptomes were clustered and characterized by transcriptomic fingerprint. Clinical infection severity did not explain the major sources of variability among the samples and samples with the same clinical classification demonstrated high inter-sample variability. High proportions of bacterial RNA, however, resulted in a strong effect on transcription and increased expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. K-means clustering identified two clusters of samples, one of which contained all of the samples with high levels of bacterial RNA. A support vector classifier identified a fingerprint of 20 genes, including immune-associated genes such as CXCL8, GADD45B, and HILPDA, which accurately identified samples with signs of infection via cross-validation. This suggests that stratification of infection states based on a transcriptomic fingerprint may be a useful tool for studying host-bacterial interactions in these ulcers, as well as an objective classification method to identify the severity of infection.Significance StatementClinicians and researchers utilize classification schemes based on clinically measurable parameters to describe infection severity in lower extremity ulcers. However, here we show that the local host gene expression is often discordant to clinical classification scores. We observed this inconsistency is explained by the increased presence of bacteria, which promotes increased immune and inflammatory responses. Two groups of host gene expression, predominantly differentiated by the levels of bacterial RNA, could be classified with less than 20 genes. These results provide significant insights into host response to bacterial infection where bacteria are directly observed, rather than implied from clinical observation, and illustrated the limitations of clinical observations to stratify lower extremity ulcers.
Excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in autism: the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in symptoms and cortical brain structure
Authors: Hollestein Viola , Poelmans Geert , Forde Natalie J , Beckmann Christian F , Ecker Christine , Mann Caroline , Schaefer Tim , Moessnang Carolin , Baumeister Sarah , Banaschewski Tobias , Bourgeron Thomas , Loth Eva , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Murphy Declan GM , Tillmann Julian , Charman Tony , Jones Emily J.H. , Mason Luke , Ambrosino Sara , Holt Rosemary , Bölte Sven , Buitelaar Jan K , Naaijen Jilly 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that an imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (autism). However, how E/I imbalance arises and how it may differ across autism symptomatology and brain regions is not well understood.MethodsWe used innovative analysis methods - combining competitive gene-set analysis and gene-expression profiles in relation to cortical thickness (CT)- to investigate the relationship between genetic variance, brain structure and autism symptomatology of participants from the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort (autism=360, male/female=259/101; neurotypical control participants=279, male/female=178/101) aged 6 to 30 years. Competitive gene-set analysis investigated associations between glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling pathway gene-sets and clinical measures, and CT. Additionally, we investigated expression profiles of the genes within those sets throughout the brain and how those profiles relate to differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants in the same regions.ResultsThe glutamate gene-set was associated with all autism symptom severity scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) within the autistic group, while the GABA set was associated with sensory processing measures (using the SSP subscales) across all participants. Brain regions with greater gene expression of both glutamate and GABA genes showed greater differences in CT between autistic and neurotypical control participants.ConclusionsOur results suggest crucial roles for glutamate and GABA genes in autism symptomatology as well as CT, where GABA is more strongly associated with sensory processing and glutamate more with autism symptom severity.
Multi-scalar data integration links glomerular angiopoietin-tie signaling pathway activation with progression of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Nair Viji , Zhao Yi-yang , Chang Dong-yuan , Eichinger Felix , Tanner Emily C. , Fermin Damian , Bellovich Keith A. , Steigerwalt Susan , Bhat Zeenat , Hawkins Jennifer J. , Subramanian Lalita , Rosas Sylvia E. , Sedor John R. , Vasquez Miguel A. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Bitzer Markus , Pennathur Subramaniam , Brosius Frank , Chen Min , Kretzler Matthias , Ju Wenjun ,   for the Kidney Precision Medicine Project and Michigan Translational Core C-PROBE Investigator Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Prognostic biomarkers reflective of underlying molecular mechanisms are critically needed for effective management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank study, an unbiased, machine learning approach identified a three-marker panel from plasma proteomics which, when added to standard clinical parameters, improved the prediction of outcome of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or 40% decline in baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a discovery DKD group (N=58) and was validated in an independent group (N=68) who also had kidney transcriptomic profiles available. Of the three markers, plasma angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) remained significantly associated with composite outcome in 210 Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease participants with DKD. The glomerular transcriptional Angiopoietin/Tie (ANG-TIE) activation scores, derived from the expression of 154 literature-curated ANG-TIE signaling mediators, positively correlated with plasma ANGPT2 levels and outcome, explained by substantially higher TEK receptor expression in glomeruli and higher ANG-TIE activation scores in endothelial cells in DKD by single cell RNA sequencing. Our work suggests that activation of glomerular ANG-TIE signaling in the kidneys underlies the association of plasma ANGPT2 with disease progression, thereby providing potential targets to prevent DKD progression.
Deep learning based quantification of the accelerated brain aging rate in glioma patients after radiotherapy
Authors: Huisman Selena I. , van der Boog Arthur T.J. , Cialdella Fia , Verhoeff Joost J.C. , David Szabolcs 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeChanges of healthy appearing brain tissue after radiotherapy have been previously observed, however, they remain difficult to quantify. Due to these changes, patients undergoing radiotherapy may have a higher risk of cognitive decline, leading to a reduced quality of life. The experienced tissue atrophy is similar to the effects of normal aging in healthy individuals. We propose a new way to quantify tissue changes after cranial RT as accelerated brain aging using the BrainAGE framework.Materials and methodsBrainAGE was applied to longitudinal MRI scans of 32 glioma patients, who have undergone radiotherapy. Utilizing a pre-trained deep learning model, brain age is estimated for all patients’ pre-radiotherapy planning and follow-up MRI scans to get a quantification of the changes occurring in the brain over time. Saliency maps were extracted from the model to spatially identify which areas of the brain the deep learning model weighs highest for predicting age. The predicted ages from the deep learning model were used in a linear mixed effects model to quantity aging and aging rates for patients after radiotherapy.ResultsThe linear mixed effects model resulted in an accelerated aging rate of 2.78 years per year, a significant increase over a normal aging rate of 1 (p < 0.05, confidence interval (CI) = 2.54-3.02). Furthermore, the saliency maps showed numerous anatomically well-defined areas, e.g.: Heschl’s gyrus among others, determined by the model as important for brain age prediction.ConclusionWe found that patients undergoing radiotherapy are affected by significant radiation-induced accelerated aging, with several anatomically well-defined areas contributing to this aging. The estimated brain age could provide a method for quantifying quality of life post-radiotherapy.HighlightsUp to 3 times accelerated aging after radiotherapy. // Anatomically well-defined areas for brain age prediction. // Quantifying quality of life after radiotherapy.
Essential Workers’ COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Misinformation and Informational Needs in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Fucaloro S. , Yacoubian V. , Piltch-Loeb R. , Harriman N. , Burmaz T. , Hadji-Janev M. , Savoia E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that as of December 2021 has resulted in the death of over 5.2 million people. Despite the unprecedented development and distribution of vaccines, hesitancy to take the vaccine remains a wide-spread public health challenge, especially in Eastern European countries. In this study we focus on a sample of essential workers living in the Republic of North Macedonia to: 1) Describe rates of vaccine acceptance, risk perception and sources of COVID-19 information, 2) Explore predictors of vaccine hesitancy, and 3) Describe informational needs of hesitant and non-hesitant workers.MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to present frequencies of vaccine acceptance. Logistic regression was used to explore predictors of vaccine hesitancy based on sociodemographic characteristics, hesitancy to take other vaccines in the past, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, and individual risk perception of getting COVID-19. Chi square analysis was used to compare differences in informational needs between hesitant and non-hesitant individuals across socio-demographic groups.ResultsFrom a sample of 1003 individuals, 439 (44%) reported that they were very likely to get the vaccine, and the rest (66%) reported some level of hesitancy. Older age, Albanian ethnicity, post-secondary school education, previous diagnosis of COVID-19, previous vaccine acceptance of other vaccines, and increased risk perception of COVID-19 infection were all found to be negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy. In particular hesitant individuals, compared to the non-hesitant, wanted to have more information and reassurance that all main international agencies (i.e. FDA, WHO, EMA) were all in accordance in recommending the vaccine and that they would be free to choose if getting the vaccine or not without consequences (p<0.01).
Saliva swabs are the preferred sample for Omicron detection
Authors: Marais Gert , Hsiao Nei-yuan , Iranzadeh Arash , Doolabh Deelan , Enoch Annabel , Chu Chun-yat , Williamson Carolyn , Brink Adrian , Hardie Diana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Omicron variant is characterised by more than 50 distinct mutations, the majority of which are located in the spike protein. The implications of these mutations for disease transmission, tissue tropism and diagnostic testing are still to be determined. We evaluated the relative performance of saliva and mid-turbinate swabs as RT-PCR samples for the Delta and Omicron variants. The positive percent agreement (PPA) of saliva swabs and mid-turbinate swabs to a composite standard was 71% (95% CI: 53-84%) and 100% (95% CI: 89-100%), respectively, for the Delta variant. However, for the Omicron variant saliva and mid-turbinate swabs had a 100% (95% CI: 90-100%) and 86% (95% CI: 71-94%) PPA, respectively. This finding supports ex-vivo data of altered tissue tropism from other labs for the Omicron variant. Reassessment of the diagnostic testing standard-of-care may be required as the Omicron variant become the dominant variant worldwide.