bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of vocal tremor using updated consensus‐based tremor classification criteria
Authors: Torrecillas Vanessa , Dwenger Kaitlyn , Barkmeier‐Kraemer Julie M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study characterized the clinical phenotypes of individuals with vocal tremor (VT) using tremor classification criteria published by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS) including laryngeal features from the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS).MethodsVT phenotypic descriptors were extracted from participant medical records from 2017 to 2019. Clinical phenotype descriptors included the: (a) chief complaint and discipline for the first appointment, (b) demographics, (c) tremor body distribution, condition, frequency, and progression, (d) exacerbating/alleviating factors, (e) treatment approaches, and (g) neurologic comorbidities. Descriptive statistics were conducted.ResultsOf 179 meeting inclusion criteria, 2/3 were female; tremor onset affected voice (43%) or extremity (32%) and 2/3 were documented with tremor duration of 3 years or more. Those with primary VT first saw otolaryngology or speech language pathology (59%), whereas those with primary extremity/head tremor first saw neurology (36%). Documentation commonly omitted tremor clinical features such as (a) observed conditions of tremor (64%), (b) laryngeal features (64%), and (c) tremor frequency (92%). Thus, VT classification was based on comorbidity in 49% of patients (ie, essential tremor (48%), dystonia (72%), and Parkinson's disease (100%)) and 32% had inadequate documentation to classify.ConclusionThe majority of individuals with VT were unable to be classified based on documented clinical features highlighting the need for consistent multidisciplinary assessment of tremor affecting speech structures. The primary site of tremor determined the first discipline seen. Most commonly classified VT categories included essential tremor (47%), dystonia (28%), Parkinsonism (7%), and isolated VT (19%).Level of Evidence4.
Learning and crisis coordination: Experiences from the Balkan refugee route
Authors: Nolte Isabella M. , Martin Eric C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent cases of crisis and disaster responses highlight the difficulties of making coordinated responses when public and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from different backgrounds are involved. In particular, when crises traverse organizational, national, and temporal boundaries, the transboundary nature of crises poses increasing problems for responders. This study examines coordination and learning in response to the unexpected mass movements of asylum seekers and refugees along the Balkan route during the 2015–2016 international refugee crisis. Our analysis uses data from 53 interviews and six focus groups with individuals involved in managing the crisis along the Balkan refugee route. The qualitative analysis shows that coordination and learning change over the course of this crisis in three major phases: chaos, settling in, and exit. While the initial response to a crisis leaves little room for sophisticated coordination and organizational learning, the introduction of more formalized coordination mechanisms can take place at the later stages. By showing that generative learning at these later stages of a crisis needs to be expanded, this study demonstrates the need for creating mechanisms for collecting and conserving knowledge during future crises and for transferring best practices from one country to another.
A Challenging Task: Identifying Patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) According to ESMO Guidelines: The CUPISCO Trial Experience
Authors: Pauli Chantal , Bochtler Tilmann , Mileshkin Linda , Baciarello Giulia , Losa Ferran , Ross Jeffrey S. , Pentheroudakis George , Zarkavelis George , Yalcin Suayib , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Beringer Andreas , Scarato Jeremy , Mueller-Ohldach Mathis , Thomas Marlene , Moch Holger , Krämer Alwin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
CUPISCO is an ongoing randomized phase II trial (NCT03498521) comparing molecularly guided therapy versus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients newly diagnosed with “unfavorable” cancer of unknown primary (CUP).

Materials and Methods
Patients with an unfavorable CUP diagnosis, as defined by the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), and available cancer tissue for molecular sequencing are generally eligible. Potential patients with CUP entering screening undergo a review involving reference histopathology and clinical work-up by a central eligibility review team (ERT). Patients with “favorable” CUP, a strongly suspected primary site of origin, lack of tissue, or unmet inclusion criteria are excluded.

Results
As of April 30, 2020, 628 patients had entered screening and 346 (55.1%) were screen failed. Screen fails were due to technical reasons (n = 89), failure to meet inclusion and exclusion criteria not directly related to CUP diagnosis (n = 89), and other reasons (n = 33). A total of 124 (35.8%) patients were excluded because unfavorable adeno- or poorly differentiated CUP could not be confirmed by the ERT. These cases were classified into three groups ineligible because of (a) histologic subtype, such as squamous and neuroendocrine, or favorable CUP; (b) evidence of a possible primary tumor; or (c) noncarcinoma histology.

Conclusion
Experience with CUPISCO has highlighted challenges with standardized screening in an international clinical trial and the difficulties in diagnosing unfavorable CUP. Reconfirmation of unfavorable CUP by an ERT in a clinical trial can result in many reasons for screen failures. By sharing this experience, we aim to foster understanding of diagnostic challenges and improve diagnostic pathology and clinical CUP algorithms.

Implications for Practice
A high unmet need exists for improved treatment of cancer of unknown primary (CUP); however, study in a trial setting is faced with the significant challenge of definitively distinguishing CUP from other cancer types. This article reports the authors' experience of this challenge so far in the ongoing CUPISCO trial, which compares treatments guided by patients’ unique genetic signatures versus standard chemotherapy. The data presented will aid future decision-making regarding diagnosing true CUP cases; this will have far-reaching implications in the design, execution, and interpretation of not only CUPISCO but also future clinical studies aiming to find much-needed treatment strategies.
The accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for estimating thickness of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and influence of biopsy on those findings
Authors: Nogami Shinnosuke , Yamauchi Kensuke , Kitamura Jun , Miyashita Hitoshi , Kojima Ikuho , Kouketsu Atsumu , Furuuchi Toshi , Iikubo Masahiro , Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionA squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or mobile tongue represents the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide. Patient work‐up procedures vary among institutions, though generally include clinical, imaging, and histopathology examinations. This study had two aims: assess the accuracy of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating tumor thickness of ventral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and ascertain the effects of biopsy on imaging results.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the medical records of 69 patients diagnosed and treated for ventral tongue squamous cell carcinoma stage T1 or T2. We compared tumor thickness in US and MRI results with histological thickness measured using specimens obtained in a partial glossectomy.ResultsThe mean difference between thickness measured with MRI before the biopsy procedure and that of the pathological specimens was 0.28 mm while that between US imaging results before the biopsy and histologic thickness was 0.75 mm. Furthermore, following the biopsy, the mean difference between thickness shown by MRI and that of the histological specimens was 0.89 mm, and between US findings and histologic thickness was 2.67 mm. There was a positive correlation between thickness shown by MRI and US when performed before the biopsy and the pathological result.ConclusionsMRI and US results appear to have adequate accuracy for estimating the thickness of T1‐and T2 lesions of the tongue when scanning is performed prior to a biopsy procedure. Furthermore, the present findings confirm the clinical impression that inflammatory changes induced by a biopsy often alter later imaging findings.
Effect of CF/PEEK plasticity behavior on the mechanical performance of interference‐fit joint
Authors: Yao Chenxi , Qi Zhenchao , Chen Wenliang , Zhang Chenqun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone polymer (CF/PEEK) thermoplastic composites have a marked plastic yield stage compared to thermoset composites with epoxy matrix. During the interference fit riveting process, extrusion between rivet and composites laminate creates plastic deformation on the hole wall, which will enhance the bearing capacity of composites hole. Therefore, it is expected that the interference fit will play a greater advantage in enhancing the bearing strength of CF/PEEK riveted joint. Numerical and experimental study are applied to investigate the effect of interference fit on bearing strength of CF/PEEK riveted joint. Results show that the plastic deformation of CF/PEEK composites hole wall is positively correlated with the bearing strength of CF/PEEK riveted joint. When the interference fit size exceeds 2.6%, the bearing capacity of CF/PEEK riveted joint reduces because of the increase of fiber damage. It is concluded that the plastic deformation of riveted hole wall can enhance the bearing capacity of CF/PEEK riveted joint, while fiber damage reduces the bearing capacity of CF/PEEK riveted joint. As the increase of interference‐fit size, bearing strength of CF/PEEK riveted joint raises first then decreases, the appropriate interference‐fit size is in the range of 2.0% ~ 2.6%, which is larger than that of thermoset composites.
Prenatally diagnosed omphaloceles: Report of 92 cases and association with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Abbasi Nimrah , Moore Aideen , Chiu Priscilla , Ryan Greg , Weksberg Rosanna , Shuman Cheryl , Steele Leslie , Chitayat David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the prevalence, perinatal and long‐term outcomes of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) among prenatally detected omphaloceles.MethodsAll prenatally diagnosed omphaloceles from 2010 to 2015 within a single tertiary care centre were identified. An echocardiogram and detailed fetal ultrasound were performed, and amniocentesis was offered with karyotype/microarray analysis and BWS molecular testing. Perinatal, neonatal, and long‐term outcomes were retrieved for BWS cases.ResultsAmong 92 omphaloceles, 62 had additional anomalies. Abnormal karyotypes were identified in 23/62 (37%) non‐isolated and 2/30 (7%) isolated cases. One BWS case (5%) was identified among non‐isolated omphaloceles and six BWS cases (37.5%) were identified among isolated omphaloceles after exclusion of aneuploidy. Among 19 BWS cases, 21% were conceived by ART. All omphaloceles underwent primary closure. Prenatally, macrosomia and polyhydramnios were seen in 42%. Macroglossia and nephromegaly were more commonly detected postnatally. Preterm birth occurred in 10/19 (53%) cases and cesarean deliveries were performed in 7/19 (40%) cases. Overall mortality was 20% (4/19). Embryonal tumors were diagnosed in 2/16 (12.5%) children, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were normal in 9/12 (75%) survivors.ConclusionsAfter excluding aneuploidy, BWS was identified in 37.5% and 5% of isolated and non‐isolated omphaloceles, respectively. Omphaloceles were small‐moderate size with good long‐term surgical and neurodevelopmental outcomes when isolated.
First principles study of the optical response of Au8 cluster conjugated with methionine, tryptophan, and tryptophyl‐methionine dipeptide
Authors: Abdalmoneam Marwa H. , Saikia Nabanita , Abd El‐Mageed H.R. , Pandey Ravindra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBioconjugated complexes of the Au clusters are shown to demonstrate unique electronic properties and exceptional tunable optical features for applications in health‐related areas including cell imaging and target‐specific drug delivery. To establish the relationship between the optical response and the nature of interaction in such complexes, we consider the cases of the representative amino acids, L‐methionine, L‐tryptophan, and L‐tryptophyl‐L‐methionine dipeptide conjugated with Au8 cluster. The results based on time‐dependent density functional theory find the near‐ultraviolet (UV) absorption of the complexes is dominated by the cluster, though site‐specific interactions through the indole chromophore or thioether side chains provide their signature responses in the optical spectra. Under physiological conditions, the predicted optical recognition of specific bonds formed between Au8 cluster and amino acids can then be exploited in the design of functional fluorescent bio‐labels for biochemical sensing and detection of thiols, polypeptides, proteins, and nucleic acids at nanoscale.
The reciprocal associations between caregiver burden, and mental health in primary caregivers of cancer patients: A longitudinal study
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Chen Jia , Sun Shiyan , Liu Peiwen , Ouyang Longqiang , Hu Jize 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe vital role played by primary caregivers in caring for cancer patients is well‐recognized, but the caregiver burden and impact on family functioning to caregivers’ mental health is poorly understood. This study examined the prospective and reciprocal relationships between family functioning, caregiver burden, and mental health. We aimed to determine whether inferior family functioning and heavy caregiver burden act as risk factors for mental health, as consequences of mental health, or both.MethodsParticipants were 187 primary caregivers of cancer patients. They completed questionnaires with standardized measures assessing family functioning, caregiver burden, and mental health. A quantitative longitudinal design and a cross‐lag model were used to test the reciprocal relationships between variables at three time points with 6‐month intervals during the first year of early‐stage cancer diagnosis and treatment.ResultsFamily functioning did not predict participants' future mental health, but their mental health state predicted future caregiver burden and family functioning. Caregiver burden also predicted participants' future mental health. There was a dynamic reciprocal relationship between caregiver burden and mental health over time.ConclusionsThe findings of this study emphasize the adverse effects of caregiver burden and may contribute to shedding light on the distinct mechanisms that underlie the relationships between caregiver burden, family functioning, and mental health. Our findings indicate the necessity of developing interventions to reduce the burden of caregiving and to facilitate family functioning. They will provide direction for family‐centered nursing to meet primary caregivers' mental health needs in the care of cancer patients.
Modeling the pharmacodynamics of nandrolone doping drug and implications for anti‐doping testing
Authors: Sahin Özge , Senturk Feyyaz , Barlas Yaman , Yasarcan Hakan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe model the pathways of nandrolone in the body, an anabolic steroid widely used as a performance enhancing drug (PED). The model generates the dynamics of nandrolone and its metabolites. PED tests check for the presence of a primary metabolite of nandrolone, 19‐NA in urine. To cheat in these tests, PED users typically use inhibitors that reduce the urinary concentration of 19‐NA. One such inhibitor is finasteride. Finasteride’s main effect in the body is the inhibition of reductase enzymes that turn nandrolone into its metabolite 19‐NA. To capture this effect, we include structures for finasteride and reductase enzymes in the model. The model is tested by fundamental structure validity tests. We also show that the model behavior is consistent with experimental data in the literature. We finally investigate the potential ways by which the drug users may cheat in PED tests and make suggestions for improved testing as counter‐measures. © 2021 System Dynamics Society
The Application of Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate the Triterpenoid Content Extracted from Vietnamese Ganoderma lucidum with the Examination by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Dat Tran Do , Viet Nguyen Duc , My Phan Le Thao , Linh Nguyen Thi , Thanh Vuong Hoai , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy , Ngan Nguyen Thi Kim , Linh Ngo Thi Thuy , Nam Hoang Minh , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, to investigate the extraction of triterpenoids from the Vietnamese red G. lucidum by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method using ethanol as a solvent, the determination of the four single factors influence on the triterpenoid content including liquid‐to‐solid ratio, extraction power, extraction temperature, and extraction time was carried out for the performance of experiments on simultaneous effects by Central Composite design. The results showed that based on ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy analysis, the highest yield of triterpenoids could be achieved with value of 18.3751 mg/g under optimal extraction conditions including extraction time of 60 min, ultrasonic power of 360 W, liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 38 : 1 mL/g, and ultrasonic temperature of 48 °C. To determine the characteristics of the obtained extract, the Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and the thermogravimetric analyzer were employed in this study. Besides, for antioxidant capacity evaluation, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay, and the ABTS radical cation decolorization assay were carried out whereas the anticancer evaluation results denoted the potential for anticancer agents of G. lucidum extract. Therefore, it could be concluded that UAE is a promising method for triterpenoid extraction with antioxidant properties.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline Using Fly Ash of Coal Waste for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Karri Sangam Naidu , Ega Sai Prasad , Perupogu Vijayananad , Srinivasan Palaniappan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHybrid materials are essential materials for the future age elite electrochemical supercapacitors. A hybrid material or organic polymer‐inorganic metal oxide composite comprises of polyaniline (PANI) with fly ash (FA) is made by in‐situ polymerization of aniline monomer with fly ash, an inexhaustible asset. The impact of fly ash on polyaniline is resolved from electrical and electrochemical measurements. PANI‐FA is utilized in a supercapacitor cell as the electrode. FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, TGA and BET evaluate properties of this hybrid, and their electrochemical properties are assessed by CV, CD, and EIS measurements. PANI with 10 wt.% of FA (PANI‐FA01) indicates higher conductivity and supercapacitor execution than its individual material via metal oxide, acting as an intermediate for transferring ions from PANI and electrolyte. PANI‐FA01 demonstrates a higher capacitance estimation of 208 F g−1 contrasted with PANI (83 F g−1) at 2.5 A g−1. The hybrid electrode material shows better charge‐discharge cycles, holding over 66 % of its first cycle gravimetric capacitance after 5000 cycles with effective coulombic efficiency of 99–100 %, which is as yet 43 % higher than the specific capacity of PANI. The Bode plot shows a phase angle of 80°.
Bioengineered Multicellular Liver Microtissues for Modeling Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis Driven Through Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Jong , Kim Han‐Jun , Lee KangJu , Lasli Soufian , Ung Aly , Hoffman Tyler , Nasiri Rohollah , Bandaru Praveen , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Lee Junmin , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite considerable efforts in modeling liver disease in vitro, it remains difficult to recapitulate the pathogenesis of the advanced phases of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with inflammation and fibrosis. Here, a liver‐on‐a‐chip platform with bioengineered multicellular liver microtissues is developed, composed of four major types of liver cells (hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells) to implement a human hepatic fibrosis model driven by NAFLD: i) lipid accumulation in hepatocytes (steatosis), ii) neovascularization by endothelial cells, iii) inflammation by activated Kupffer cells (steatohepatitis), and iv) extracellular matrix deposition by activated stellate cells (fibrosis). In this model, the presence of stellate cells in the liver‐on‐a‐chip model with fat supplementation showed elevated inflammatory responses and fibrosis marker up‐regulation. Compared to transforming growth factor‐beta‐induced hepatic fibrosis models, this model includes the native pathological and chronological steps of NAFLD which shows i) higher fibrotic phenotypes, ii) increased expression of fibrosis markers, and iii) efficient drug transport and metabolism. Taken together, the proposed platform will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibrosis progression in NAFLD as well as the identification of new drugs for the different stages of NAFLD.
Measuring what matters: A sector‐specific corporate social responsibility framework for quality practice
Authors: Bantan Bayan Sameer , Thomas Keith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explains the development and partial validation of a sector‐specific Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework to help resolve a policy/practice gap in Saudi Arabia. Designed using feedback from health‐care professionals, who represent the primary stakeholders of the sector, and a quantitative method called analytical hierarchy process, the framework is intended to help Saudi CSR practitioners shift from rhetoric and undifferentiated activity to a focus on prioritized needs. The utility of the framework is tested using a simplified rubric with four levels of performance measured across two formative criteria, relevance and credibility of information. The overall result is a composite index that provides a substantive basis to implement CSR in the private health sector. The framework is potentially also suitable for stakeholders in other emerging economies seeking to integrate CSR into corporate planning and to reporting performance for strategic and ethical reasons beyond compliance.
Nano‐therapeutic strategies to target coronavirus
Authors: Rauf Mohd Ahmar , Tasleem Munazzah , Bhise Ketki , Tatiparti Katyayani , Sau Samaresh , Iyer Arun K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe coronaviruses have caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the more recent coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19). The global COVID‐19 pandemic requires urgent action to develop anti‐virals, new therapeutics, and vaccines. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutics including human recombinant ACE2 soluble, inflammatory cytokine inhibitors, and direct anti‐viral agents such as remdesivir and favipiravir, to limit their fatality. We also discuss the structure of the SARS‐CoV‐2, which is crucial to the timely development of therapeutics, and previous attempts to generate vaccines against SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. Finally, we provide an overview of the role of nanotechnology in the development of therapeutics as well as in the diagnosis of the infection. This information is key for computational modeling and nanomedicine‐based new therapeutics by counteracting the variable proteins in the virus. Further, we also try to effectively share the latest information about many different aspects of COVID‐19 vaccine developments and possible management to further scientific endeavors.