bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Cyst Fluid can Trigger Inflammatory Activation of Microglia to Damage the Hypothalamic Neurons by Inducing the Production of β-Amyloid
Authors: Ainiwan Yilamujiang , Chen Yiguang , Mao Chaofu , Peng Junxiang , Chen Siyuan , Wei Songtao , Qi Songtao , Pan Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The mechanism by which adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) damages the hypothalamus is still unclear. Cyst fluid rich in lipids and inflammatory factors is a characteristic pathological manifestation of ACP and may play a very important role in hypothalamic injury caused by tumors. Objective: To construct a reliable animal model of ACP cyst fluid-induced hypothalamic injury and explore the specific mechanism of hypothalamic injury caused by cyst fluid. Methods: An animal model was establish by injecting human ACP cyst fluid into the bilateral hypothalamus of mice . ScRNA-seq was performed on the mice hypothalamus and on an ACP sample to obtain a complete gene expression profile for analysis. Data verification was performed through pathological means. Results: ACP cystic fluid caused growth retardation and an increased obesity index in mice, affected the expression of the Npy, Fgfr2, Rnpc3, Sst, and Pcsk1n genes that regulate growth and energy metabolism in hypothalamic neurons, and enhanced the cellular interaction of Agrp-Mc3r. ACP cystic fluid significantly caused inflammatory activation of hypothalamic microglia. The cellular interaction of CD74-APP is significantly strengthened between inflammatory-activated microglia and hypothalamic neurons. Beta-amyloid, a marker of neurodegenerative diseases, was deposited in the ACP tumor tissues and in the hypothalamus of mice injected with ACP cyst fluid. Conclusion: In this study, a novel animal model of ACP cystic fluid-hypothalamic injury was established. For the first time, it was found that ACP cystic fluid can trigger inflammatory activation of microglia to damage the hypothalamus, which may be related to the upregulation of the CD74-APP interaction and deposition of β-amyloid, implying that there may be a similar mechanism between ACP cystic fluid damage to the hypothalamus and neurodegenerative diseases.
Study on the Uncertainty of Critical Rainfall for Flash Floods in Small Watersheds Based on the Random Rainfall Pattern
Authors: Yuan Wenlin , Lu Lu , Song Hanzhen , Zhang Xiang , Xu Linjuan , Su Chengguo , Liu Meiqi , Yan Denghua , Wu Zening 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flash floods cause great harm to people's lives and property safety. Rainfall is the key factor which induces flash floods, and critical rainfall (CR) is the most widely used indicator in flash flood early warning systems. Due to the randomness of rainfall, the CR has great uncertainty, which causes missed alarms when predicting flash floods. To improve the early warning accuracy for flash floods, a random rainfall pattern (RRP) generation method based on control parameters, including the comprehensive peak position coefficient (CPPC) and comprehensive peak ratio (CPR), is proposed and an early warning model with dynamic correction based on RRP identification is established. The rainfall-runoff process is simulated by the HEC-HMS hydrological model, and the CR threshold space corresponding to the RRP set is calculated based on the trial algorithm. Xinxian, a small watershed located in Henan Province, China, is taken as the case study. The results show that the method for generating the RRP is practical and simple, and it effectively reflects the CR uncertainty caused by the rainfall pattern uncertainty. The HEC-HMS model is proved to have good application performance in the Xinxian watershed. Through sensitivity analysis, the effect of the antecedent soil moisture condition, CPPC, and CPR are compared. The proposed early warning model is practical and effective, which increases the forecast lead time.
The synergy of patterns vs. processes at a community level: a successful mechanism underlying subtropical native forests along the urban riparian zone
Authors: Wang Danrong , Shi Ya , Wang Haiyang , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Riparian zone possesses ecological position with biota differing from aquatic body and terrestrial lands, and plant-animal coevolution may be the main factor for the framework of riparian vegetation. In the current study, the riparian plant community patterns along the subtropical mountainous riparian belts of Chongqing, China, was proposed to be regulated by co-evolving with the avifauna through propagule-dispersal process. The results show that: 1) the forests’ species composition and vertical layers are dominated by native catkins of Moraceae species with adapting traits of small and numerous propagules to frugivorous bird species, revealing an evolutionary trend different from the one in the terrestrial plant climax communities in the subtropics, and which forms a biological base for the plant-bird co-evolution; 2) there are significant associations of plant-bird species clusters, i.e., four plant-bird co-evolution groups (PBs) were divided out according to the plant species’ dominance and growth form relating to the fruit-dispersing birds’ abundance; 3) the correlation intensity within PB ranks as PBⅠ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ, indicating the PBⅠis the leading type of co-evolution mainly shaped by the dominant plant species; 4) the PB correlation may be a key node between patterns vs. process of a riparian ecosystem responsible for the native vegetation, or even the ecosystem health. The results theoretically contribute new evidence to plant-animal co-evolution interpreting the forests’ characters in riparian environments, and urban planner and managers may simulate the native forests for restoring a more stable riparian biota, a better functioning ecosystem in subtropical zone.
Spinal manipulative therapy and acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Yue Ting , Li Jingjing , Yang Jiaman , Fan Dehui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) and acupuncture are commonly used for low back pain (LBP) among complementary and alternative therapies. However, it remains unclear which of the two therapies is more effective for LBP. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of SMT and acupuncture on LBP.
Methods

Four electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (all years until July 2021), including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence. The primary outcome was pain; secondary outcomes included functional status and adverse events. Review Manager 5.3 software and Stata 12.0 were used for all statistical analyses.
Results

9 RCTs with a total of 714 participants were identified, who were on average middle aged (39-60 years) without signs of radiating pain. These trials included patients with mild to moderate pain. Overall, moderate quality of evidence suggested that SMT had better effects for pain relief (MD: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.55, I2=34%) and similar effects in function (MD: 0.24, 95%CI: -0.45 to 0.94, I2=21%) when compared to acupuncture. Moderate quality of evidence showed SMT reduced pain better than acupuncture at month 2 (MD: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.08 to 1.14, I2=0%) and at month 12 (MD: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.28 to 1.75, I2=42%). In addition, Low quality of evidence showed SMT may provide better improvement in pain at month 3 (MD: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.09 to 1.39, I2=42%) and in function at month 4 (MD: 3.50, 95%CI: 0.71 to 6.29). Adverse events associated with SMT and acupuncture were rare and mild.
Conclusions

SMT showed better effects than acupuncture for chronic low back pain, while SMT and acupuncture had similar effects in functional improvement. Although SMT and acupuncture were tolerable and safe, patients should be informed about the potential risks of adverse events before starting therapy.
Developing Society Integrity and Cultural Code by Means of Social and Cultural Activity as Factor of Ensuring National Security
Authors: Bezuglaya N. S. 
Published: December 2021

Trends of developing relations in today’s society, spread of digital technologies and restrictions in movement during the last year showed a rising diffusion of society, split of opinions and weakening of the cultural code of the Russian population. The article studies sources of these changes and searches for solutions based on means of social and cultural activity. It is well known that cultural code is formed for decades and it is the social and cultural sphere that can concentrate this process and direct it to strengthening of national self-identification, rise in the rate of patriotism, education and wellbeing of the population. The process of shaping the civil society in the post-soviet period is based on pursuing cultural policy financed at the expense of the country budget, in contrast to western countries. This aspect makes us think about the necessity to change means and methods of social and cultural activity with due regard to processes of society digitalization. At the same time cultural policy acts as a significant section of the system of national security, as a way of shaping civil society, keeping cultural values and traditions. The research showed that non-linear interaction of such tensors, as sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, national security, digitalization, technologization of society can seriously affect the processes of diffusion of society integrity, destruction of its cultural code and sovereignty of state as it is. Preserving the cultural code as a foundation of national culture and overcoming problems of society diffusion are possible in case the state participation in reforming approaches to pursuing cultural policy is extended. A separate aspect is developing the HR potential of cultural institutions of the future oriented to advanced technologies, continuous learning the achievements of psychology as a science, which can create patriotic feelings in society promoting values of cultural inheritance as a foundation of national identification.
Role of Fyn Kinase Inhibitors in Switching Neuroinflammatory Pathways
Authors: Marotta Giambattista , Basagni Filippo , Rosini Michela , Minarini Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Fyn kinase is a member of the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase family. Fyn is
involved in multiple signaling pathways extending from cell proliferation and differentiation
to cell adhesion and cell motility, and it has been found to be overexpressed in various
types of cancers. In the central nervous system, Fyn exerts several different functions
such as axon–glial signal transduction, oligodendrocyte maturation, and myelination, and
it is implicated in neuroinflammatory processes. Based on these premises, Fyn emerges as
an attractive target in cancer and neurodegenerative disease therapy, particularly Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), based on its activation by Aβ via cellular prion protein and its interaction
with tau protein. However, Fyn is also a challenging target since the Fyn inhibitors
discovered so far, due to the relevant homology of Fyn with other kinases, suffer
from off-target effects. This review covers the efforts performed in the last decade to
identify and optimize small molecules that effectively inhibit Fyn, both in enzymatic and
in cell assays, including drug repositioning practices, as an opportunity for therapeutic intervention
in neurodegeneration.
Starring Role of Biomarkers and Anticancer Agents as a Major
Driver in Precision Medicine of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: December 2021

:
Precision medicine is the most modern contemporary medicine
approach today, based on great amount of data on people's health, individual
characteristics, and life circumstances, and employs the most effective ways to prevent
and cure diseases.Precision medicine in cancer is the most precise and viable treatment
for every cancer patient based on the disease's genetic profile. Precision medicine
changes the standard one size fits all medication model, which focuses on average
responses to care. Consolidating modern methodologies for streamlining and checking
anticancer drugs can have long-term effects on understanding the results. Precision
medicine can help explicit anticancer treatments using various drugs and even in
discovery, thus becoming the paradigm of future cancer medicine. Cancer biomarkers
are significant in precision medicine, and findings of different biomarkers make this field
more promising and challenging. Naturally, genetic instability and the collection of extra
changes in malignant growth cells are ways cancer cells adapt and survive in a hostile
environment, for example, one made by these treatment modalities. Precision medicine
centers on recognizing the best treatment for individual patients, dependent on their
malignant growth and genetic characterization. This new era of genomics progressively
referred to as precision medicine, has ignited a new episode in the relationship between
genomics and anticancer drug development.
Discovery and Development of Antibacterial Agents: Fortuitous and Designed
Authors: Kapoor Bhupinder , Gulati Monica , Kaur Ravleen , Rani Pooja , Atanasov Atanas G. , Alzahrani Qushmua , Gupta Reena , Chawla Pooja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Today, antibacterial drug resistance has turned into a significant public health issue. Repeated intake, suboptimal and/or unnecessary use of antibiotics, and, additionally, the transfer of resistance genes are the critical elements that make microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics. A substantial number of antibacterials that were successfully utilized earlier for prophylaxis and therapeutic purposes have been rendered inadequate due to this phenomenon. Therefore, the exploration of new molecules has become a continuous endeavour. Many such molecules are at various stages of the investigation. A surprisingly high number of new molecules are currently in the stage of phase 3 clinical trials. A few new agents have been commercialized in the last decade. These include solithromycin, plazomicin, lefamulin, omadacycline, eravacycline, delafloxacin, zabofloxacin, finafloxacin, nemonoxacin, gepotidacin, zoliflodacin, cefiderocol, BAL30072, avycaz, zerbaxa, vabomere, relebactam, tedizolid, cadazolid, sutezolid, triclosan, and afabiacin. This article aims to review the investigational and recently approved antibacterials with a focus on their structure, mechanisms of action/resistance, and spectrum of activity. Delving deep, their success or otherwise in various phases of clinical trials is also discussed while attributing the same to various causal factors.
Effectiveness of Self-concept Management of Patients with Depression in
Diabetic Ulcer
Authors: Nasirin Chairun , Lionardo Andries , Nurzani Anita 
Published: December 2021

Background:
This study explores the management of self-concept in improving the quality
of life of diabetic ulcer patients. Low confidence in the quality of life is a factor causing patients
with long-term diabetes to believe they cannot be cured properly. Ulcers result from diabetes
mellitus complications due to the nervous system and blood vessel damage. Patients with diabetic
ulcers experience depression and feel acute stress when the disease has been categorized as a chronic
condition.

Method:
This study uses quantitative methods with a cross-sectional study design approach. The
data collection techniques used purposive sampling and had 82 diabetic ulcer sufferers as respondents
in the study.

Result:
This study empirically proves that (p-value ≤ α=0.05) where there is effective management
of the concept of self-health applied by diabetic ulcer patients in reducing the level of depression
and sufferers can increase their confidence in better health factors.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of self-care management is an important indicator in overcoming diabetic
ulcer disease. The low management of self-concept for people with diabetes will certainly
impact increasing depression and acute stress, decreasing the quality of life for sufferers.
Evaluation of Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Content of Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham, Wild Edible Fruits Available in Tripura, a North-Eastern State of India
Authors: Das S. , Biswas S. C. , Bora A. , Mudoi P. , Misra T. K. 
Published: December 2021

Background:Protium serratum Engl (Indian red pear) and Artocarpus chama Buch.- Ham (wild jackfruit) are typical wild edible fruits that have a wide range of folk medicinal properties.Objectives:Our present study deals with the exploration of nutritional value, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content present in Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham fruits.Methods:The soxhlet apparatus was used to extract crude samples. The quantitative analysis of the wild edible fruits was broadly done by proximate and ultimate analysis techniques.Results:The results showed that the moisture contents in P. serratum and A. chama Buch. are 78.53% and 74.23%, respectively. The obtained ash (8.59%), fiber (3.17%), total sugar (5.495 mg/100g), and fat (0.66%) contents are high in P. serratum. In contrast, A. chama Buch. has a high content of protein (0.52%). Vitamin C content is higher in P. serratum (550 mg/100g) than that in A. chama Buch. (350 mg/100g). The result shows that the Ca and Mg contents are higher in P. serratum compared to A. chama Buch. Indian red pear shows good antioxidant properties and has high total phenolic content as compared to wild jackfruit and some commercial fruits.Conclusion:The study establishes that further investigation must be done to determine the development of new products, processing, and preservation techniques so that two underutilized fruits can become a part of our regular dietary habits. By doing so, we can enrich the fruit basket of the country.
Photoacoustic Imaging of Enucleated Eyes from Patients with Uveal Melanoma can Reveal Extrascleral Growth
Authors: Dahlstrand Ulf , Merdasa Aboma , Hult Jenny , Albinsson John , Cinthio Magnus , Sheikh Rafi , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: December 2021

Background:Uveal melanoma is treated by either enucleation (removal of the eye) or local eye-sparing therapies, depending on tumor size and whether there are signs of extrascleral growth. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel imaging modality that provides high-resolution images of the molecular composition of tissues.Objective:In this study, the feasibility of PA imaging for uveal melanomas and detection of extrascleral growth was explored.Methods:Seven enucleated human eyes with uveal melanomas were examined using PA imaging. The spectral signatures of the melanomas and the layers of the normal eyewall were characterized using 59 excitation wavelengths from 680 to 970 nm.Results:Significant differences were seen between the spectra obtained from melanoma and the healthy eyewall. Using spectral unmixing, melanin, hemoglobin and collagen could be mapped out, showing the architecture of the tumor in relation to the eyewall. This allowed visualization of regions where the tumor extended into the extrascleral space.Conclusion:PA imaging appears to have the potential to aid in assessing uveal melanomas and as a diagnostic tool for the detection of extrascleral growth.
Characteristics and Potential Impacts of Rest Areas Proximate to Roadways: A Review
Authors: Alkhatni Fathi , Ishak Siti Z. , Milad Abdalrhman 
Published: December 2021

Objective:Rest areas are one of the most common roadside service facilities designated for parking and resting purposes. They are considered crucial components in the roadway network since they provide road users with a safe and comfortable place nearby the mainline. Obtaining extensive information on the planning, advantages, and potential effects of rest areas will help establish a better understanding of their characteristics and essential benefits. This will enable decision-makers and safety engineers to implement effective policies. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature on the development and impact of rest areas close to roadways. The objectives of this paper are as follows: to discuss the potential positive and negative effects of rest areas, to determine major challenges, to provide recommendations for implementing such facilities based on the literature search, and to fill a research gap.Methods:The review focuses on articles and reports addressing the features and impacts of rest areas and parking facilities published in English. The literature on parking demands related to rest area facilities is not within the scope of this research.Results:The challenges and recommendations concerning the development and safety aspects of rest areas are critically discussed. The review of numerous studies concerning the safety and operation of rest areas has revealed conflicting results. Although several studies found that establishing rest area facilities proximate to roadway segments positively impacts safety and operation, some indicated that such facilities might pose safety and operation risks along adjacent sections. Thus, this paper highlights a gap in the research area, determining the distribution patterns of crashes occurring along the proximate segments of rest areas.Conclusion:Although rest areas do help in mitigating fatigue-related crashes, the review highlights that future research should investigate the relationship between roadway features and collisions occurring along nearby segments of rest areas to fully understand the safety effects of rest areas nearby the mainline. This work is beneficial for decision-makers and safety engineers since it provides valuable information in terms of the planning features of rest areas and parking facilities, along with their essential impact.