bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sense of No Future in an Uncertain Present: Altruism and Risk-Seeking among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Authors: El-Bialy Nora , Aranda Elisa Fraile , Nicklisch Andreas , Saleh Lamis , Voigt Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An unprecedented number of refugees from Syria have sought refuge in both the Middle East and Europe since the beginning of the civil war in Syria in 2011. We analyse the level of altruism and risk-seeking among Syrian civil war victims in Jordan. Our participants are university students who interact with both Jordanians and other Syrians. We find systematic variations in the revealed levels of altruism and their willingness to accept risk among Syrian refugees: feeling as if having no future coincides with both more egoistic and more risk-seeking behaviour. Refugees’ behavioural responses and their sense of no future correlate with their current personal living experiences. Our findings suggest that both the sense of no future and the accompanying behavioural responses are primarily associated with their current living conditions rather than with experiences directly related to the civil war in Syria.
Determined by Mode? Representation and Measurement Effects in a Dual-Mode Statewide Survey
Authors: Shino Enrijeta , Martinez Michael D , Binder Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the increasing usage of dual-mode data collection, researchers of public opinion have shown considerable interest in understanding response differences across different interview modes. Are mode effects an outcome of representation or measurement differences across modes? We conducted a dual-mode survey (web and telephone) using Florida’s voter file as the sampling frame, randomly assigning registered voters into one mode versus the other. Having a priori information about the respondents allows us to gauge whether and how sample composition differences may be driven by mode effects, and whether mode affects estimated models of political behavior. Survey mode effects are still significant for issue voting even when sampling design is similar for both modes.
Reconstruction of the Origin of a Neo-Y Sex Chromosome and Its Evolution in the Spotted Knifejaw,Oplegnathus punctatus
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Rui , Fan Guangyi , Xu Wenteng , Zhou Qian , Wang Lei , Li Wensheng , Pang Zunfang , Yu Mengjun , Liu Qun , Liu Xin , Schartl Manfred , Chen Songlin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSex chromosomes are a peculiar constituent of the genome because the evolutionary forces that fix the primary sex-determining gene cause genic degeneration and accumulation of junk DNA in the heterogametic partner. One of the most spectacular phenomena in sex chromosome evolution is the occurrence of neo-Y chromosomes, which lead to X1X2Y sex-determining systems. Such neo-sex chromosomes are critical for understanding the processes of sex chromosome evolution because they rejuvenate their total gene content. We assembled the male and female genomes at the chromosome level of the spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), which has a cytogenetically recognized neo-Y chromosome. The full assembly and annotation of all three sex chromosomes allowed us to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Contrary to other neo-Y chromosomes, the fusion to X2 is quite ancient, estimated at 48 Ma. Despite its old age and being even older in the X1 homologous region which carries a huge inversion that occurred as early as 55–48 Ma, genetic degeneration of the neo-Y appears to be only moderate. Transcriptomic analysis showed that sex chromosomes harbor 87 genes, which may serve important functions in the testis. The accumulation of such male-beneficial genes, a large inversion on the X1 homologous region and fusion to X2 appear to be the main drivers of neo-Y evolution in the spotted knifejaw. The availability of high-quality assemblies of the neo-Y and both X chromosomes make this fish an ideal model for a better understanding of the variability of sex determination mechanisms and of sex chromosome evolution.
SIRT3 consolidates heterochromatin and counteracts senescence
Authors: Diao Zhiqing , Ji Qianzhao , Wu Zeming , Zhang Weiqi , Cai Yusheng , Wang Zehua , Hu Jianli , Liu Zunpeng , Wang Qiaoran , Bi Shijia , Huang Daoyuan , Ji Zhejun , Liu Guang-Hui , Wang Si , Song Moshi , Qu Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase linked to a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, including aging and aging-related diseases. However, the role of SIRT3 in regulating human stem cell homeostasis remains unclear. Here we found that SIRT3 expression was downregulated in senescent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of SIRT3 led to compromised nuclear integrity, loss of heterochromatin and accelerated senescence in hMSCs. Further analysis indicated that SIRT3 interacted with nuclear envelope proteins and heterochromatin-associated proteins. SIRT3 deficiency resulted in the detachment of genomic lamina-associated domains (LADs) from the nuclear lamina, increased chromatin accessibility and aberrant repetitive sequence transcription. The re-introduction of SIRT3 rescued the disorganized heterochromatin and the senescence phenotypes. Taken together, our study reveals a novel role for SIRT3 in stabilizing heterochromatin and counteracting hMSC senescence, providing new potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate aging-related diseases.
Identifying evidence of the effectiveness of photovoice: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the international healthcare literature
Authors: Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Eylem Ozlem , Mooney Roisin , Haarmans Maria , Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhotovoice (PV) was conceptualized in the early 1990s to engage community members in capturing/communicating their lived experience narratives through photography. However, no meta-analyses in health research have assessed whether PV achieves its purported effects.MethodsWe carried forward any relevant references from a previous review identifying PV studies before 2008 and searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2008 up until October 2019. We included both published and grey literature, in any population or context. We assessed quality with the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s (EPHPP) tool and pooled studies using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included, showing significant post-treatment effects only for health knowledge (SMD, 95% CIs = 0.41, 0.09 to 0.73, n = 16) and community functions (SMD, 95% CIs = 0.22, 0.03 to 0.40, n = 4). Strong heterogeneity was indicated for health knowledge, potentially explained by a larger effect in ethnic minority populations. There was insufficient follow-up data for health knowledge, while in follow-up for community functions the post-treatment effect was lost.ConclusionsPV’s post-treatment effect on health knowledge did not translate into positive health behaviours or physical and mental health outcomes, longer-term community functions, or health service outcomes.
Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism is Associated With Ischemic Stroke Risk in the China Dali Region Han Population
Authors: Yang Xitong , Yang Sulian , Xu Hongyang , Liu Dan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Guangming 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Stroke is a serious cardiovascular disease, a major cause of disability and death in both developed and developing countries. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and play a key role in the antioxidant response. This study explored the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SOD genes and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in the Chinese Han population of Dali City.

Methods:
For this case-control study, the authors enrolled 144 patients who had an IS and 128 healthy controls. The SNPs rs17880487 and rs80265967 of the SOD1 gene, rs4880 and rs2842960 of the SOD2 gene, and rs2695232 and rs7655372 of the SOD3 gene were detected through TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes and allele frequencies of the 2 groups were compared. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, and environmental factors were corrected with multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Rs7655372 of SOD3 was associated with a significantly increased risk of IS. Moreover, the A and GA genotypes of SNP rs7655372 were associated with increased risk of IS, whereas the A and GA genotypes were risk factors for IS. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rs7655372 GA genotype is the independent risk factor for IS.

Conclusion:
The SOD3 gene rs7655372 locus polymorphism is a risk factor for IS in the Dali region.
Neurologists’ Diagnostic Accuracy and Interspecialties’ Diagnostic Concordance of Acute Vertigo
Authors: Lourenço Rosa José , Melancia Diana , Godinho Filipe , Barros Ariana , Fernandes Andreia , Ferro Margarida , Machado Manuel , Sequeira Marta , Vaz Soraia , Dias Margarida , Manita Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Acute vertigo (AV) is often a challenging condition. Because of its multiple causes, patients are frequently observed by neurologists and physicians from other areas of specialites, particularly Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT). We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of AV in patients observed by Neurology and other medical specialties.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective cross-sectional study with the selection of all patients with AV observed by Neurology at the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary center in 2019, regarding demographic data, imaging studies, diagnosis by Neurology and ENT at the ED, and diagnosis after ED discharge by different medical specialties.

Results:
In all, 54 patients were selected, 28 (52%) of them were women. The mean age was 59.96±14.88 years; 48% had a history of AV and 89% underwent imaging studies (computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging scan). The most frequent diagnosis established by Neurology was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, followed by vestibular neuronitis; 28 patients were also observed by ENT with an overall concordance rate of diagnosis of 39%. After ED discharge, most patients were observed at the Balance Disorders Outpatient Clinic. Diagnosis by Neurology at the ED was not significantly different from observation by other medical specialties after ED discharge regarding the distinction between peripheral and central causes of AV (κ=0.840, 95% confidence interval: 0.740 to 0.941, P<0.005).

Conclusions:
Neurologists can effectively differentiate central and peripheral causes of AV at the ED. Patients with AV should be primarily evaluated by Neurology at the ED, avoiding redundant observations and allowing faster patient management.
Evaluation of extreme sub-daily precipitation in high-resolution global climate model simulations
Authors: Wehner Michael , Lee Jiwoo , Risser Mark , Ullrich Paul , Gleckler Peter , Collins William D. 
Published: March 2021

We examine the resolution dependence of errors in extreme sub-daily precipitation in available high-resolution climate models. We find that simulated extreme precipitation increases as horizontal resolution increases but that appropriately constructed model skill metrics do not significantly change. We find little evidence that simulated extreme winter or summer storm processes significantly improve with the resolution because the model performance changes identified are consistent with expectations from scale dependence arguments alone. We also discuss the implications of these scale-dependent limitations on the interpretation of simulated extreme precipitation.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Neuroimaging Brain Model Decodes Biological Mechanisms in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Adewale Quadri , Khan Ahmed F , Carbonell Felix , Iturria-Medina Yasser ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2021

SummaryBoth healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized by concurrent alterations in several biological factors. However, generative brain models of aging and AD are limited in incorporating the measures of these biological factors at different spatial resolutions. Here, we propose a personalized bottom-up spatiotemporal brain model which accounts for the direct interplay between hundreds of RNA transcripts and multiple macroscopic neuroimaging modalities (PET, MRI). In normal elderly and AD participants, the model identifies top genes modulating tau and amyloid-β burdens, vascular flow, glucose metabolism, functional activity, and atrophy to drive cognitive decline. The results also revealed that AD and healthy aging share specific biological mechanisms, even though AD is a separate entity with considerably more altered pathways. Overall, this personalized model offers novel insights into the multiscale alterations in the elderly brain, with important implications for identifying effective genetic targets for extending healthy aging and treating AD progression.Highlights- A multiscale model integrating gene expression and neuroimaging identifies causal genes driving healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease progression.- The specific neuroimaging modalities modulated by the causal genes are revealed.- Healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease share specific biological pathways even though Alzheimer’s disease has more altered pathways.
HYPER: Group testing via hypergraph factorization applied to COVID-19
Authors: Hong David , Dey Rounak , Lin Xihong , Cleary Brian , Dobriban Edgar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge scale screening is a critical tool in the life sciences, but is often limited by reagents, samples, or cost. An important challenge in screening has recently manifested in the ongoing effort to achieve widespread testing for individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the face of substantial resource constraints. Group testing methods utilize constrained testing resources more efficiently by pooling specimens together, potentially allowing larger populations to be screened with fewer tests. A key challenge in group testing is to design an effective pooling strategy. The global nature of the ongoing pandemic calls for something simple (to aid implementation) and flexible (to tailor for settings with differing needs) that remains efficient. Here we propose HYPER, a new group testing method based on hypergraph factorizations. We provide theoretical characterizations under a general statistical model, and exhaustively evaluate HYPER and proposed alternatives for SARS-CoV-2 screening under realistic simulations of epidemic spread and within-host viral kinetics. We demonstrate that HYPER performs at least as well as other methods in scenarios that are well-suited to each method, while outperforming those methods across a broad range of resource-constrained environments, being more flexible and simple in design, and taking no expertise to implement. An online tool to implement these designs in the lab is available at http://hyper.covid19-analysis.org.
Genetics of symptom remission in outpatients with COVID-19
Authors: Dubé Marie-Pierre , Lemaçon Audrey , Barhdadi Amina , Perreault Louis-Philippe Lemieux , Oussaïd Essaïd , Asselin Géraldine , Provost Sylvie , Sun Maxine , Sandoval Johanna , Legault Marc-André , Mongrain Ian , Dubois Anick , Valois Diane , Dedelis Emma , Lousky Jennifer , Choi Julie , Goulet Elisabeth , Savard Christiane , Chicoine Lea-Mei , Cossette Mariève , Chabot-Blanchet Malorie , Guertin Marie-Claude , de Denus Simon , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Marchand Richard , Bassevitch Zohar , Nozza Anna , Gaudet Daniel , L’Allier Philippe L , Hussin Julie , Boivin Guy , Busseuil David , Tardif Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe conducted a genome-wide association study of time to remission of COVID-19 symptoms in 1723 outpatients with at least one risk factor for disease severity from the COLCORONA clinical trial. We found a significant association at 5p13.3 (rs1173773; P = 4.94 × 10−8) near the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 gene (NPR3). By day 15 of the study, 44%, 54% and 59% of participants with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. In 851 participants not treated with colchicine (placebo), there was a significant association at 9q33.1 (rs62575331; P = 2.95 × 10−8) in interaction with colchicine (P = 1.19 × 10−5) without impact on risk of hospitalisations, highlighting a possibly shared mechanistic pathway. By day 15 of the study, 46%, 62% and 64% of those with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. The findings need to be replicated and could contribute to the biological understanding of COVID-19 symptom remission.
Clinical outcome evaluations and CBT response prediction in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: van As Daniël , Okkersen Kees , Bassez Guillaume , Schoser Benedikt , Lochmüller Hanns , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Knoop Hans , van Engelen Baziel G.M. , ’t Hoen Peter A.C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe European OPTIMISTIC clinical trial has demonstrated a significant, yet heterogenous effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients. One of its remaining aims was the assessment of efficacy and adequacy of clinical outcome measures, including the relatively novel primary trial outcome, the DM1-Activ-c questionnaire.ObjectivesAssessment of the relationship between the Rasch-built DM1-Activ-c questionnaire and 26 commonly used clinical outcome measurements. Identification of variables associated with CBT response in DM1 patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the to date largest clinical trial in DM1 (OPTIMISTIC), comprising of 255 genetically confirmed DM1 patients randomized to either standard care or CBT with optionally graded exercise therapy. Correlations of 27 different outcome measures were calculated at baseline (cross-sectional) and of their respective intervention induced changes (longitudinal). Bootstrap enhanced Elastic-Net (BeEN) regression was validated and implemented to select variables associated with CBT response.ResultsIn cross-sectional data, DM1-Activ-c correlated significantly with the majority of other outcome measures, including Six Minute Walk Test and Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index. Fewer and weaker significant longitudinal correlations were observed. Nine variables potentially associated with CBT response were identified, including measures of disease severity, executive cognitive functioning and perceived social support.ConclusionsThe DM1-Activ-c questionnaire appears to be a well suited cross-sectional instrument to assess a variety of clinically relevant dimensions in DM1. Yet, apathy and experienced social support measures were less well captured. CBT response was heterogenous, requiring careful selection of outcome measures for different disease aspects.
Reducing COVID-19 Airborne Transmission Risks on Public Transportation Buses: An Empirical Study on Aerosol Dispersion and Control
Authors: Edwards Nathan J. , Widrick Rebecca , Wilmes Justin , Breisch Ben , Gerschefske Mike , Sullivan Jon , Potember Richard , Espinoza-Calvio Angelica 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis study is one of the first COVID-19 related bus studies to fully characterize cough aerosol dispersion and control in the highly turbulent real-world environment of driving regular bus routes on both a school bus and a transit bus. While several other bus studies have been conducted, they were limited to clinical contact tracing, simulation, or partial characterization of aerosol transmission in the passenger areas with constraint conditions. When considering the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other highly infectious airborne diseases, ground based public transportation systems are high-risk environments for airborne transmission particularly since social distancing of six feet is not practical on most buses. This study demonstrates that wearing of masks reduced the overall particle count released into the bus by an average of 50% or more depending on mask quality and reduced the dispersion distance by several feet. The study also demonstrates an 84.36% reduction in aerosol particles and an 80.28% reduction in the mean aerosol residence time for some test cases. We conducted 84 experimental runs using nebulized 10% sodium chloride and a mechanical exhalation simulator that resulted in 78.3 million data points and 124 miles of on-the-road testing. Our study not only captures the dispersion patterns using 28 networked particle counters, as well as quantifies the effectiveness of using on-board fans, opening of various windows, use of face coverings or masks, and the use of the transit bus HVAC system. This work also provides empirical observations of aerosol dispersion in a real-world turbulent air environment, which are remarkably different than many existing fluid dynamics simulations, and also offers substantial discussion on the implications for inclement weather conditions, driver safety, retrofit applications to improve bus air quality, and operational considerations for public transportation organizations.
Prenatal and Childhood Adverse Events and Child Brain Morphology: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hidalgo Andrea P. Cortes , Delaney Scott W. , Kourtalidi Stavroula A. , Neumann Alexander , Zou Runyu , Muetzel Ryan L. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Tiemeier Henning , White Tonya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal and childhood adverse events have been shown to be related to children’s cognitive and psychological development. However, the influence of early-life adversities on child brain morphology is not well understood and most studies are based on small samples and often examine only one adversity. Thus, the goal of our study is to examine the relationship between cumulative exposures to prenatal and childhood adversities and brain morphology in a large population-based study.MethodsParticipants included 2,993 children in whom prenatal adversities were reported by mothers at 20-25 weeks of pregnancy and the child’s lifetime exposure to adversities was reported by mothers when the children were 10 years-of-age. The total brain, grey and white matter volumes and the volume of the cerebellum, amygdala and hippocampus were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging when children were 10 years old.ResultsIn total, 36% of children had mothers who were exposed to at least one adversity during pregnancy and 35% of children were exposed to adversities in childhood. In our study sample, the cumulative number of prenatal adversities was not related to any brain outcome. In contrast, per each additional childhood adverse event, the total brain volume was 0.07 standard deviations smaller (SE = 0.02, p = 0.001), with differences in both grey and white matter volumes. Childhood adversities were not related to the amygdala or hippocampal volumes. Additionally, the link between childhood events and the preadolescent brain was not modified by prenatal events and was not explained by maternal psychopathology.ConclusionsOur results suggest that childhood adversities, but not prenatal adverse events, are associated with smaller global brain volumes in preadolescence. Notably, this is the first large population-based study to prospectively assess the association between the cumulative number of prenatal adversities and the preadolescent brain morphology. The study findings extend the evidence from high-risk samples, providing support for a link between cumulative childhood adverse events and brain morphology in children from the general population.