bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extensive critique of sliding mode control and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system for nonlinear system
Authors: George Jim , Mani Geetha , Alexander Stonier Albert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNonlinear control hypothesis is the region of control hypothesis which manages frameworks that are nonlinear, time‐variant, or both. Nonlinear control structures have extended high prevalence fundamentally because of the wide use of hypothetical intends to deal with credible issues in different zones of engineering and medical aspects. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a nonlinear control strategy applied when the deterministic model of the nonlinear system is discrepant with actual plant in terms of plant parameters and undetermined external disturbances. SMC is a sort of nonlinear control that accentuates zero error convergence modeling error, demonstrating nonlinearities and outside aggravations. Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) captures neural associations and soft reason guidelines in a single framework. ANFIS causes fewer errors and is more obvious to the customer isolated from the ANN. The paper centers that neural organizations accept a critical capacity in controlling nonlinear frameworks. This review aims an overview of existing methods for nonlinear control and application of SMC for nonlinear system based on ANFIS.
Predictive display for teleoperation with virtual reality fusion technology
Authors: Fu Yongqing , Lin Weiyang , Huang Junsong , Gao Huijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA virtual reality (VR) fusion technology of matching a virtual environment of simulated graphics models with actual camera views of the slave station task environment has been developed. This fusion technology enables high‐fidelity predictive displays with calibrated graphics overlay on the live video. Reliable and accurate parameters are achieved by camera calibration and feature point detection. Since the object pose becomes known through the virtual model, the operator can use the teleoperation system effectively. Predictive displays are very useful for both noncontact and contact tasks, providing an effective VR interface with immediate visual prediction to the operator. Besides, the feature points detection avoids the exacerbation of maneuverability caused by outside interference. Lastly, the experiment of endoscopic penetration is conducted to validate the system.
Valorization of carbon dioxide (CO2) to enhance production of biomass, biofuels, and biorenewables (B3) in Chlorella saccharophilaUTEX247: a circular bioeconomy perspective
Authors: Kareya Mukul Suresh , Mariam Iqra , Rajacharya Girish Halemirle , Nesamma Asha Arumugam , Jutur Pannaga Pavan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide supplementation regulates the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms, initiating CO2 fixation through the central carbon metabolism and partitioning the carbon in various metabolic processes. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of carbon fixation and partitioning to control and regulate biomass and lipid production. In this context, we investigated the metabolic and physiological responses of a freshwater microalga, Chlorella saccharophila, supplemented with very low CO2 (VLC) (300 ppm or 0.03%) and high CO2 (HC) (30 000 ppm, or 3% v/v), for its potential as a biorefinery strain. Our results demonstrate that growth with HC was enhanced 1.4‐fold in comparison with VLC. We speculate that growth with VLC was supported by the central electron flow. Similar changes were observed in various biochemical constituents, i.e., lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. It was also observed that the total pigment productivity was 1.8‐fold higher with HC supplementation than in cultures supplemented with VLC, further indicating enhanced growth in HC. Applying qualitative metabolomics, we identified nearly 23 essential metabolites. There was an accumulation of sugars and antioxidants such as trehalose and α‐tocopherol in VLC as compared to HC. In conclusion, our objective is to understand HC supplementation in C. saccharophila UTEX247 and to provide valuable insights leading to enhanced biomass for the production of biofuels and high‐value biorenewables (B3) in the context of a circular bioeconomy by the valorization of carbon dioxide (CO2). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dynamic microfluidic bioreactor—Hip simulator (DMBH) system for implant toxicity monitoring
Authors: Badhe Ravindra V. , Bijukumar Divya , Mesquita Pedro , Cheng Kai Yuan , Ramachandran Remya Ampadi , Lin Yang , Mathew Mathew T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe generation of degradation products (DPs) like ions and organo‐metallic particles from corroding metallic implants is an important healthcare concern. These DPs generate local and systemic toxicity. The impact on local toxicity is well documented, however, little is known about systemic toxicity. This is mainly due to the limited scope of the current microtiter plate‐based (static) toxicity assay techniques. These methods do not mimic the systemic (dynamic) conditions. In this study, it is hypothesized that DPs incubated with cells in static conditions might provide improper systemic toxicity results, as there is no movement mimicking the blood circulation around cells. This study reports the development of a three‐chambered prototype microfluidic system connected to the operational hip implant simulator to test the cellular response induced by the DPs. This setup is called a dynamic microfluidic bioreactor—hip simulator system. We hypothesize that a dynamic microfluidic system will provide a realistic toxicology response induced by DPs than a static cell culture plate. To prove the hypothesis, Neuro2a (N2a) cells were used as representative cells to study systemic neurotoxicity by the implant DPs. The microfluidic bioreactor system was validated by comparing the cell toxicity against the traditional static system and using COMSOL modeling for media flow with DPs. The hip implant simulator used in this study was a state‐of‐the‐art sliding hip simulator developed in our lab. The results suggested that static toxicity was significantly more compared to dynamic microfluidic‐based toxicity. The newly developed DMBH system tested for in situ systemic toxicity on N2a cells and demonstrated very minimum toxicity level (5.23%) compared to static systems (31.16%). Thus, the new DMBH system is an efficient tool for in situ implant metal systemic toxicity testing.
Soluble phenolic compounds affect functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates
Authors: Fernando Supun , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesPhenolic compounds are known to form complexes with proteins which cause changes in the structural, functional, and nutritional properties of both compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing soluble phenolic compounds from whole bean and cotyledon flours on the functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates.FindingsProtein isolates from cotyledon flour free of soluble phenolics (CFPInoP) had significantly lower (p < .05) ash content and significantly higher (p < .05) protein content and brightness compared with other protein isolates. CFPInoP had significantly greater (p < .05) wettability, dispersibility, foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability, emulsion capacity (EC), and emulsion stability (ES) than other protein isolates. Water‐binding capacity (WBC) was significantly greater (p < .05) for protein isolates with high phenolic content. Storage modulus and loss modulus were lower for protein gels made from protein isolates containing phenolic compounds compared with those made from protein isolates without soluble phenolic compounds.ConclusionsRemoval of soluble phenolic compounds improved the functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates.Significance and noveltyAs potential food ingredients, the functional properties of black bean protein isolates without soluble phenolic compounds were better compared with protein isolates with soluble phenolic compounds.
Terminal Ligand and Packing Effects on Slow Relaxation in an Isostructural Set of [Dy(H2dapp)X2]+ Single Molecule Magnets**
Authors: Pfleger Rouven F. , Schlittenhardt Sören , Merkel Marcel P. , Ruben Mario , Fink Karin , Anson Christopher E. , Bendix Jesper , Powell Annie K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report three structurally related single ion Dy compounds using the pentadentate ligand 2,6‐bis((E)‐1‐(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐hydrazineylidene)ethyl)pyridine (H2dapp) [Dy(H2dapp)(NO3)2]NO3 (1), [Dy(H2dapp)(OAc)2]Cl (2) and [Dy(H2dapp)(NO3)2]Cl0.92(NO3)0.08 (3). The (H2dapp) occupies a helical twisted pentagonal equatorial arrangement with two anionic ligands in the axial positions. Further influence on the electronic and magnetic structure is provided by a closely associated counterion interacting with the central N−H group of the (H2dapp). The slow relaxation of the magnetisation shows that the anionic acetates give the greatest slowing down of the magnetisation reversal. Further influence on the relaxation properties of compounds1 and 2 is the presence of short nitrate‐nitrate intermolecular ligand contact opening further lattice relaxation pathways.
Ligand‐stereoselective allosteric activation of cold‐sensing TRPM8 channels by an H‐bonded homochiral menthol dimer with head‐to‐head or head‐to‐tail
Authors: Wang Guangyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBoth menthol and its analog WS‐12 share the same hydrophobic intra‐subunit binding pocket between a voltage‐sensor‐like domain and a TRP domain in a cold‐sensing TRPM8 channel. However, unlike WS‐12, menthol upregulates TRPM8 with a low efficacy but a high coefficient of a dose response at membrane hyperpolarization and with ligand stereoselectivity at membrane depolarization. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, this in silico research suggested that the ligand‐stereoselective sequential cooperativity between two menthol molecules in the WS‐12 pocket is required for allosteric activation of TRPM8. Furthermore, two H‐bonded homochiral menthol dimers with both head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail can compete for the WS‐12 site via non‐covalent interactions. Although both dimers can form an H‐bonding network with a voltage sensor S4 to disrupt a S3–S4 salt bridge in the voltage‐sensor‐like domain to release a “parking brake,” only one dimer may drive channel opening by pushing a “gas pedal” in the TRP domain away from the S6 gate against S4. In this way, the efficacy is decreased, but the cooperativity is increased for the menthol effect at membrane hyperpolarization. Therefore, this review may extend a new pathway for ligand‐stereoselective allosteric regulation of other voltage‐ and ligand‐gated ion channels by menthol.
Characterizing academic performance in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with population‐based achievement tests
Authors: Al‐Kaylani Hend M. , Reasoner Erin E. , Loeffler Bradley T. , Mott Sarah L. , Madasu Susan , Liu Audrey , Langbehn Kathleen , Conrad Amy L. , Dickens David , Grafft Amanda , Harshman Lyndsay , Modi Arunkumar J. , van der Plas Ellen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent shifts from radiation to chemotherapy‐based treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have contributed to reduced long‐term morbidity. Despite this, ALL survivors remain at increased risk for long‐term cognitive impairments.AimTo identify demographic and treatment factors associated with school performance in pediatric survivors of ALL.MethodsWe collected standardized test scores for reading, math, and science obtained in a school setting from grades 3–11 in 63 ALL survivors (46.0% boys). Most participants were assessed across multiple grades (median number of grades n = 5, range 1–7), and 269 observations were considered in the analyses. Treatment exposures were extracted from medical records. Socio‐economic status was estimated using participation in free/reduced lunch programs at school. Mixed effects linear regression models were conducted to determine factors associated with school performance.ResultsALL survivors' scores were comparable to state norms on reading, math, and science performances. On multivariable analysis, participation in free/reduced lunch programs was significantly associated with lower reading scores (β = −12.52; 95% CI −22.26:−2.77, p = .01). Exposure to radiation during treatment was also associated with lower reading test scores (β = −30.81, 95% CI −52.00:−9.62, p = .01). No significant associations between demographics and treatment parameters were observed for math and science test scores.ConclusionsWe utilized population‐based achievement tests conducted from grades 3–11 to characterize school performance in ALL survivors. Our results imply that survivors with low socio‐economic status and those exposed to radiation during treatment could benefit from early monitoring and intervention to maximize academic success.
Rac1/pSTAT3 expression: A pharmacodynamic marker panel as a first step toward optimization of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Deben Debbie S. , van Adrichem Arjan J. , Drent Roosmarie , Puts Sabine , Pelzer Kelly E. J. M. , van Bodegraven Adriaan A. , Wong Dennis R. , Leers Mathie P. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThiopurine derivatives, such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine, are standard conventional treatment options in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unfortunately, approximately half of patients discontinue thiopurine therapy within 2 years. To improve the prediction of clinical effectiveness, thiopurine therapy is currently optimized using therapeutic drug monitoring. Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) has been suggested as a potential pharmacodynamic marker of the thiopurine effect in lymphocytes. The active thiopurine metabolite 6‐thioguanine triphosphate (6‐Thio‐GTP) causes T cell apoptosis via Rac1 and the downstream transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a functional pharmacodynamic multiparameter flow cytometric assay to determine Rac1/pSTAT3 expression in the various leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in order to predict therapeutic response in IBD patients in the future. Peripheral blood samples of healthy subjects (no fever or clinical complaints of active disease, C‐reactive protein < 10 mg/L) were used for immunocytochemical labeling, applying an optimized fixation and permeabilization strategy. A gating procedure was performed to separate all leukocyte subpopulations. Quantitative data were obtained by measuring presence and median fluorescent intensity. In vitro, Rac1 presence and expression were detectable in all leukocyte subpopulations. After IL‐6 stimulation, used as proxy for inflammation, a distinct pSTAT3 signal could be detected in T lymphocytes of healthy subjects. In vivo, an upregulated pSTAT3 signal was detected in nearly all IBD patients with active disease and differed substantially from the signal found in IBD patients in remission on thiopurines and healthy subjects. We developed and validated a functional flow cytometric assay to assess Rac1 and pSTAT3 presence and expression. This opens a venue for a pharmacodynamic assay to predict thiopurine effectiveness in IBD patients.
Individual heterogeneity in fitness in a long‐lived herbivore
Authors: Lohman Madeleine G. , Riecke Thomas V. , Williams Perry J. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeterogeneity in the intrinsic quality and nutritional condition of individuals affects reproductive success and consequently fitness. Black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are long‐lived, migratory, specialist herbivores. Long migratory pathways and short summer breeding seasons constrain the time and energy available for reproduction, thus magnifying life‐history trade‐offs. These constraints, combined with long lifespans and trade‐offs between current and future reproductive value, provide a model system to examine the role of individual heterogeneity in driving life‐history strategies and individual heterogeneity in fitness. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to examine reproductive trade‐offs, modeling the relationships between within‐year measures of reproductive energy allocation and among‐year demographic rates of individual females breeding on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, using capture–recapture and reproductive data from 1988 to 2014. We generally found that annual survival tended to be buffered against variation in reproductive investment, while breeding probability varied considerably over the range of clutch size‐laying date combinations. We provide evidence for relationships between breeding probability and clutch size, breeding probability and nest initiation date, and an interaction between clutch size and initiation date. Average lifetime clutch size also had a weak positive relationship with apparent survival probability. Our results support the use of demographic buffering strategies for black brant. These results also indirectly suggest associations among environmental conditions during growth, fitness, and energy allocation, highlighting the effects of early growth conditions on individual heterogeneity, and subsequently, lifetime reproductive investment.
Impact of processing parameters in plasma electrolytic oxidation on corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy type AZ91
Authors: Aljohani Talal A. , Aljadaan Sami , Bin Rubayan Meteb T. , Khoshnaw Fuad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of the processing parameters in plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy type AZ91. The PEO coatings were prepared on the samples using alkaline‐based electrolyte. Both unipolar and bipolar, different frequencies and duty cycles were applied. Corrosion tests, using potentiodynamic polarization, linear and cyclic, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, were applied on the as‐received and PEO coated samples. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphology, for example, micropores, as well as to measure the thickness of the coated layer by changing the processing parameters. The results show that the size of micropores is interrelated to the duty cycle percentage and current polarities, as the higher frequency causes thinner coating layers, with fewer micropores, consequently higher corrosion resistance. In addition, increasing the duty cycle, a denser and more compact coating was obtained. The XRD results showed a missing peak of the α‐Mg phase in a PEO coated sample using bipolar, the highest frequency (1666 Hz), and the highest duty cycle (66.6%). The mils per year calculations showed that the PEO coated has a lower corrosion rate by at least 8 times than the as‐received alloy.
The importance of acknowledging diagnostic uncertainty in patients with new‐onset paroxysmal spells
Authors: El Halabi Tarek , Dirani Maya , Nasreddine Wassim , Hmaimess Ghassan , El Sabbagh Sandra , Wazne Jaafar , Toufaili Hassan , Hasbini Dana , Beydoun Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of paroxysmal spells of indeterminate nature (PSIN) in a large cohort of children and adults with suspected new‐onset seizures, to evaluate the reasons for including patients in this category, and to calculate the rate of erroneous diagnoses if the epileptologists were compelled to label those events as epileptic seizures or nonepileptic paroxysmal spells.MethodsPatients identified for this study participated in a prospective study evaluating patients with suspected new‐onset unprovoked seizures. The workup included a detailed history and a thorough description of the spells, a 3‐hour video EEG recording, and an epilepsy protocol brain MRI. Based exclusively on a detailed description of the ictal events, two epileptologists were asked to independently classify each patient into those with a definite diagnosis of unprovoked seizures or a definite diagnosis of a nonepileptic paroxysmal spells (group 1) and those with PSIN (group 2).ResultsA total of 1880 consecutive patients were enrolled with 255 (13.6%) included in the PSIN group. Patients with PSIN were significantly younger than those with a definite diagnosis, and PSIN were significantly more frequent in children with developmental delay. The most common reason for including patients in the PSIN group was the inability to categorically discriminate between a seizure and a nonepileptic mimicker. When the raters were compelled to classify the spells in the PSIN group, the frequencies of erroneous diagnoses ranged between 32% and 38%. The final diagnoses on those patients were made based on the results of the EEG, MRI, and follow‐up visits.SignificanceOur data indicate that a diagnostic category of PSIN should be recognized and ought to be used in clinical practice. Acknowledging this uncertainty will result in lower frequencies of erroneous diagnoses, possible stigma, and potential exposure to unnecessary antiseizure medications.
Sevoflurane as bridge therapy for plasma exchange and Anakinra in febrile infection–related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: L’Erario Manuela , Roperto Rosa Maria , Rosati Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFebrile infection–related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a devastating immune inflammatory–mediated epileptic encephalopathy. Herein, we discuss a previously healthy 8‐year‐old boy with FIRES in whom high dosages of conventional and nonconventional anesthetics were ineffective in treating SE, as were ketogenic diet, intravenous corticosteroids, and immunoglobulins. After 29 days of prolonged SRSE, the patient was successfully treated with sevoflurane paired with plasma exchange, for a total of five days, thus obtaining a stable EEG suppression burst pattern with no adverse events. Anakinra at the dosage of 100 mg b.i.d. was started seven days after sevoflurane and plasma exchange had been discontinued and was effective in ensuring non‐recurrence of SE. Sevoflurane as bridge therapy for immunosuppressive treatment could be considered an early, safe, and effective option in treating convulsive SE in which an autoimmune‐inflammatory etiology can reasonably be hypothesized.
The association of oxidative stress biomarkers with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Banik Sujan , Ghosh Antara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsOxidative stress plays a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there were controversial outcomes in the literature between the association of oxidative stress biomarkers and T2DM. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to critically examine the association of oxidative stress biomarkers with T2DM.MethodsWe systematically searched different electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to find the relevant studies up to May 2021. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to define the variation between the study groups.ResultsA total of 22 case‐control studies with 2853 subjects (1667 diabetic patients and 1186 healthy controls) were found to be eligible for this meta‐analysis. The pooled results of meta‐analysis showed a significant difference in the levels malondialdehyde (SMD [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.62, 2.91]), nitric oxide (SMD [95% CI]: 1.40 [0.00, 2.81]), glutathione (SMD [95% CI]: −1.76 [−2.94, −0.59]), and total antioxidant status (SMD [95% CI]: −1.40 [−2.28, −0.51]) between the patient group and healthy subjects, whereas no significant difference was observed in the superoxide dismutase levels (SMD [95% CI]: −1.20 [−2.55, 0.15]) and glutathione peroxidase levels (SMD [95% CI]: 0.07 [−2.80, 2.94]).ConclusionThe present analysis suggests that oxidative stress might have a potential role in the pathogenesis of T2DM in humans. However, further studies should be needed to elucidate the possible mechanism and strengthen this evidence.