bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of PAD4 mediated neutrophil extracellular traps prevents fibrotic osseointegration failure in a tibial implant murine model
Authors: Kuyl Emile-Victor , Shu Fei , Sosa Branden R. , Lopez Juan D. , Qin Di , Pannellini Tania , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Greenblatt Matthew B. , Bostrom Mathias P. G. , Yang Xu 
Published: July 2021

Aims Aseptic loosening is a leading cause of uncemented arthroplasty failure, often accompanied by fibrotic tissue at the bone-implant interface. A biological target, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), was investigated as a crucial connection between the innate immune system’s response to injury, fibrotic tissue development, and proper bone healing. Prevalence of NETs in peri-implant fibrotic tissue from aseptic loosening patients was assessed. A murine model of osseointegration failure was used to test the hypothesis that inhibition (through Pad4-/- mice that display defects in peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an essential protein required for NETs) or resolution (via DNase 1 treatment, an enzyme that degrades the cytotoxic DNA matrix) of NETs can prevent osseointegration failure and formation of peri-implant fibrotic tissue. Methods Patient peri-implant fibrotic tissue was analyzed for NETs biomarkers. To enhance osseointegration in loose implant conditions, an innate immune system pathway (NETs) was either inhibited ( Pad4-/- mice) or resolved with a pharmacological agent (DNase 1) in a murine model of osseointegration failure. Results NETs biomarkers were identified in peri-implant fibrotic tissue collected from aseptic loosening patients and at the bone-implant interface in a murine model of osseointegration failure. Inhibition ( Pad4-/- ) or resolution (DNase 1) of NETs improved osseointegration and reduced fibrotic tissue despite loose implant conditions in mice. Conclusion This study identifies a biological target (NETs) for potential noninvasive treatments of aseptic loosening by discovering a novel connection between the innate immune system and post-injury bone remodelling caused by implant loosening. By inhibiting or resolving NETs in an osseointegration failure murine model, fibrotic tissue encapsulation around an implant is reduced and osseointegration is enhanced, despite loose implant conditions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):135–144.
A phenomenological exploration of the lived experiences of orthopaedic surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Calder SJ , Lawson L , Calder PR 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION Following the UK government ordering a hard stop of all elective operating within the NHS in March of 2020, the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital was converted into a trauma centre serving the North Central London region and neighbouring trusts. The aim of this study was to explore the impact on the surgeons’ well-being and performance during this stressful time. METHODOLOGY A descriptive phenomenological approach was used for this study. Eight participants were purposefully selected and informed consent was given by each participant. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken using open questions and probes to stimulate discussion. Colaizzi’s 7 step framework for thematic analysis was used to identify codes and common themes. RESULTS Five main themes were identified. These included: the impact of fear, fear of using personal protective equipment, stress relating to leadership and professionalism of the surgeon, the need for peer support and response to change. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms common areas of concern and anxiety raised by all the surgeons interviewed. The participants developed several coping strategies, including peer support, which has previously been identified as the most important approach in dealing with difficult circumstances. Stress relating to the need for surgical leadership, demonstrated by the rapid organisation of the hospital from a purely elective site to a trauma centre is highlighted. What was apparent from the narratives of the participants was that despite the stress and anxiety felt by them, they remained humble and proud to remain as orthopaedic surgeons treating patients during this difficult time.
Telephone clinics for follow-up in hand surgery: an effective model after COVID-19?
Authors: Hendrickson SA , Witt P , Watts A 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Telephone clinics were adopted for follow-up appointments in our plastic hand surgery department during the COVID-19 pandemic. They may pose advantages in cost, efficiency and environmental impact compared with face-to-face consultations. The aim of this study was to assess the success rate of telephone clinics in hand surgery to determine benefit of continuing the practice. Methods A prospective cohort study of all hand surgery follow-up telephone clinics was conducted over a six-week period. The primary outcome measure was success of the consultation, defined as achieving the same outcome as could have been achieved in a face-to-face clinic. Secondary outcome measures included duration and environmental impact. Results During the study period, 177 consultations were scheduled. Twenty-nine patients (16%) were not contactable. Of the remaining 148 consultations, 111 (75%) had a successful outcome. The highest success rate (85%) was achieved for first postoperative consultations when the patient had already received hand therapy. On average, consultations lasted 8 minutes but required an additional 16 minutes of preparation, documentation and administrative work. An estimated 5,939km of patient travel (1.25 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions) were saved during the study period. Conclusions The rate of successful outcomes following telephone consultation in our cohort of patients was lower than for face-to-face clinics. However, the service was set up with little time for preparation. The success rate and duration could be improved with appropriate patient selection, especially for those who have undergone straightforward operative procedures. The duration of consultations and the ‘did not attend’ rate should reduce as administrative processes improve.
Prescribing antibiotics in an urgent dental care service during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chandrasekara Brontё , Patel Vikash , Nathwani Shrina , Rahman Naomi , Kandiah Thayalan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction There was a notable increase in dental antibiotic prescribing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, the dental and maxillofacial department at East Surrey Hospital opened an urgent dental care service to adapt to demands placed on community services. There were also growing concerns around antimicrobial resistance, initiating an investigation of the use of antibiotics, which continues to be a vital public health issue. The aim of this audit was to assess the compliance of antibiotic prescribing with Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme guidance as well as evaluating the adequacy of record keeping. Methods AData were collected retrospectively from all patients triaged by the East Surrey Hospital urgent dental care service between 8 April and 24 July 2020. The Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) antibiotic prescribing audit tool was modified and used for data collection and analysis. Results A total of 335 patients were triaged while East Surrey Hospital operated the urgent dental care. During this period, 38 patients were prescribed antibiotics (which was a 17% decrease compared with the same time period during 2019). Twenty-seven of these patients had prescription records that were clearly legible and so were included in our audit. There was 74% compliance with the gold standard in appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Conclusions The majority of the antibiotic prescriptions authorised by East Surrey Hospital were deemed compliant with national guidance. It is reasonable to consider interventions for greater compliance with the gold standard in order to maintain high quality care for patients. Appropriate use of antibiotics is mandatory to prevent future antibiotic resistance.
Accepting the COVID-19 vaccine: supporting informed decision making
Authors: Virdee Jaspreet , Garcha Prabjot , Savla Adesh , Koshal Sonita 
Published: July 2021

Introduction The COVID-19 vaccination programme is intended to protect public health (particularly those at increased risk of developing severe disease with COVID-19) and to relieve the pressures on the National Health Service. This paper discusses the uptake and attitudes of staff working in a London teaching hospital towards receiving the COVID-19 vaccine while considering measures to support informed decision making. Methods An online survey was used to collect demographic information and opinions of staff across all divisions of the Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat and Eastman Dental Hospitals. Results Vaccine safety, long-term effects and information on social media were frequently reported concerns from staff choosing to decline a COVID-19 vaccine at this time. Addressing misinformation, conspiracy theories and inequality surrounding the pandemic should be central in supporting population groups in receiving the benefits of vaccination. Focus groups and tailored clinics to discuss vaccine concerns have provided a safe environment for staff at the trust to address these concerns. Conclusions Success of a vaccine programme depends on public confidence and willingness to participate. There is a need to ensure that population groups are adequately educated about the safety of approved vaccines in order to support informed decision making.
Can dental students increase oral health knowledge of the homeless population?
Authors: Chandrasekara Brontё , Carnley Annabel , Csikar Julia 
Published: July 2021

Introduction The number of homeless individuals in the UK is rising. Their oral health is poorer than that of the general population, and they have a low level of knowledge about accessing dental services and how to maintain their oral health. The aim of this study was to determine whether a dental student-led oral health intervention is feasible and acceptable, and whether it produces oral health knowledge gain in those experiencing homelessness. Methods Participants were recruited from St George’s Crypt Care Centre in Leeds and took part in a one-to-one evidence-based oral health promotion intervention. The participants completed questionnaires both before and after the intervention. Acceptability feedback forms were used to assess participants’ motivation regarding the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Data from 30 participants showed a mean knowledge gain of 37 percentage points (p<0.001). The feedback forms demonstrated that all participants found the session useful, with 29 participants (97%) planning to change their oral routine. Similarly, 26 participants (87%) were more motivated to find an NHS dentist. Conclusions This study demonstrates that an oral health promotion intervention led by dental students is feasible and increases the (short-term) knowledge of homeless people. It was also reported to be a motivator to find an NHS dentist. It would be useful to repeat the study on a larger scale using a variety of homeless shelters, increasing reliability and validity. Further research is required to assess longer-term intervention by dental students and the potential impact on the oral health of people experiencing homelessness as well as their health seeking behaviours.
Wayward academia—Wild, Connected, and Solitary Diffractions in Everyday Praxis
Authors: Oinas Elina 
Published: July 2021

In this article, I study the everyday conduct of pedagogies in the wild in contemporary academia by means of an analysis of modes of attention in random “thicker ‘moments’of spacetimemattering” (Barad, 2014, p. 169). These modes are discussed with the help of the notion of diffraction. I identify three modes of attention—the solitary, the connected, and the wild—that manifest themselves mainly as tensions between several modes. The study leads me to suggest that critical feminist scholarship explicitly aiming to disrupt and trouble normative academia often reproduces competitive, nervous practices, linear onto-epistemologies, and the commodification of both scholars and scholarship. These scholarly practices occur among students and supervisors alike, often in the name of necessity and even survival. Yet, despite the anxiety-inducing aspects of contemporary academia, diffractive moments have a powerful presence, too. In such moments, a wild and responsible otherwise is imagined and diffracted.
Terahertz emission from ultrathin bismuth layers
Authors: Devenson Jan , Norkus Ričardas , Juškėnas Remigijus , Krotkus Arūnas 
Published: July 2021

Thinner than 10 nm layers of bismuth (Bi) were grown on (111) Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Terahertz (THz) radiation pulses from these layers excited by tunable wavelength femtosecond optical pulses were measured. THz emission sets on when the photon energy exceeds 0.45 eV, which was explained by the semimetal-to-semiconductor transition at this Bi layer thickness. A THz signal has both isotropic and anisotropic components that could be caused by the lack of balance of lateral photocurrent components and the shift currents, respectively.
Blind zone-suppressed hybrid beam steering for solid-state Lidar
Authors: Li Chao , Cao Xianyi , Wu Kan , Qiu Gaofeng , Cai Minglu , Zhang Guangjin , Li Xinwan , Chen Jianping 
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate a blind zone-suppressed and flash-emitting solid-state Lidar based on lens-assisted beam-steering technology. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, with the design of a subwavelength-gap 1D long-emitter array and multiwavelength flash beam emitting, the device was measured to have 5% blind zone suppression, 0.06°/point-deflection step, and 4.2 μs scanning speed. In time-of-flight ranging experiments, Lidar systems have a field of view of11.3°×8.1°(normal device) or0.9°×8.1°(blind-zone suppressed device), far-field number of resolved points of 192, and a detection distance of 10 m. This work demonstrates the possibility that a new integrated beam-steering technology can be implemented in a Lidar without sacrificing other performance.
Canadian contributions to research on neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Gyorkos Theresa W. , Carabin Hélène , Phillip Maneesh , Benedict Leshawn , Davis Amy , Hatcher Roberts Janet , Wasan Kishor M. , Ndao Momar , Krentel Alison 
Published: July 2021

Background
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Road Map for 2021–2030 was recently endorsed by all member states at the World Health Assembly in November 2020. Although only 3 of the 20 NTDs are endemic in Canada (i.e., echinococcosis, rabies, and scabies), the Canadian research community has contributed to advancing the knowledge base of all 20 NTDs. Previous research comprehensively detailed Canadian research on 11 NTDs between 1950 and 2010 using a network analysis approach. The specific objective of the present analysis was to update the publication record over the last decade (2010–2019) to include all 20 NTDs.

Materials and methods
A bibliometric analysis was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases (for English or French articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019) using appropriate search terms for each of the 20 NTDs and where at least 1 of the authors had a Canadian institution address. A 21st search was added to include publications including multiple NTDs or a discussion of NTDs in general. Following assessment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently screened all abstracts, with discordant observations rereviewed to arrive at an agreement. Duplicates were removed.

Results
A total of 1,790 publications were retrieved (1,738 with a disease–specific NTD focus and 52 with a general NTD focus, resulting in 1,659 unique publications), giving an average of over 160 articles per year. Over 80% were classified as full–length research articles. The top 3 journals in terms of frequency were PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLOS ONE, and the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Authors’ institutions were from all Canadian provinces. While all 20 NTDs were addressed in these publications, the 5 most commonly studied were leishmaniasis, dengue fever and chikungunya, Chagas disease, soil–transmitted helminthiases, and rabies.

Conclusions
Canadian researchers across the country have contributed to the evidence base of all 20 NTDs, publishing an average of over 160 publications per year between 2010 and 2019. As WHO NTD Road Map 2021–2030 rolls out globally, the Canadian research community, in collaboration with its partners and in solidarity with people living in vulnerable circumstances in endemic regions worldwide, is well positioned to meet future research challenges so that the goal of eliminating the disease burden attributable to NTDs can be achieved.
Home-based exercise for people living with frailty and chronic kidney disease: A mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nixon Andrew C. , Bampouras Theodoros M. , Gooch Helen J. , Young Hannah M. L. , Finlayson Kenneth W. , Pendleton Neil , Mitra Sandip , Brady Mark E. , Dhaygude Ajay P. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFrailty is associated with adverse health outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evidence supporting targeted interventions is needed. This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to inform the design of a definitive RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a home-based exercise intervention for pre-frail and frail older adults with CKD.MethodsParticipants were recruited from nephrology outpatient clinics to this two-arm parallel group mixed-methods pilot RCT. Inclusion criteria were: ≥65 years old; CKD G3b-5; and Clinical Frailty Scale score ≥4. Participants categorised as pre-frail or frail using the Frailty Phenotype were randomised to a 12-week progressive multi-component home-based exercise programme or usual care. Primary outcome measures included eligibility, recruitment, adherence, outcome measure completion and participant attrition rate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants to explore trial and intervention acceptability.ResultsSix hundred and sixty-five patients had an eligibility assessment with 217 (33%; 95% CI 29, 36) eligible. Thirty-five (16%; 95% CI 12, 22) participants were recruited. Six were categorised as robust and withdrawn prior to randomisation. Fifteen participants were randomised to exercise and 14 to usual care. Eleven (73%; 95% CI 45, 91) participants completed ≥2 exercise sessions/week. Retained participants completed all outcome measures (n = 21; 100%; 95% CI 81, 100). Eight (28%; 95% CI 13, 47) participants were withdrawn. Fifteen participated in interviews. Decision to participate/withdraw was influenced by perceived risk of exercise worsening symptoms. Participant perceived benefits included improved fitness, balance, strength, well-being, energy levels and confidence.ConclusionsThis pilot RCT demonstrates that progression to definitive RCT is possible provided recruitment and retention challenges are addressed. It has also provided preliminary evidence that home-based exercise may be beneficial for people living with frailty and CKD.Trial registrationISRCTN87708989;https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Determinants of hazardous alcohol use among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A nested case-control study
Authors: Addila Alemu Earsido , Azale Telake , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Yitayal Mezgebu 
Published: July 2021

Background
Alcohol use during pregnancy has a potential negative impact on the health of women and children. Binge or hazardous drinking may do greater alcohol-related damage to the developing fetus than drinking a comparable amount spread over several days or weeks. This study aimed to identify determinants of hazardous alcohol use among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Gondar town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An unmatched facility-based nested case-control study was carried out to identify the determinants of hazardous alcohol use among pregnant women within a prospective cohort study from 29 October 2019 to 7 May 2020. A two-stage random sampling technique was used to select 455 (113 cases and 342 controls) pregnant women. Data collection was performed using the AUDIT-C standardized and pretested questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the predictors of alcohol consumption using the odds ratio, 95% CI, and p-value < 0.05.

Results
Multivariable logistic regression model revealed that no formal education of the husbands [AOR = 2.79; 95%CI: 1.24, 6.29], being housewife[AOR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.12, 5.26], poor household wealth index[AOR = 2.65; 95%CI: 1.07, 6.54], unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 4.36;95%CI: 2.44, 7.79], poor social support [AOR = 4.9;95%CI: 2.4, 10.04], depression[AOR = 3.84;95%CI: 2.16, 6.82], and not ever heard the risk of alcohol drinking during pregnancy [AOR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.08, 3.58] were significantly associated with hazardous alcohol use.

Conclusions
Routine alcohol screening during ANC visits creates an appropriate referral system for clinical management and provides an opportunity for healthcare workers to offer information on the potential risks associated with alcohol use in pregnancy. Antenatal care providers have a special role to play in assuring that women receive adequate advice about alcohol use and care to manage the problems especially for pregnant women with depression, poor social support, unplanned pregnancy, low socioeconomic status, and for housewives during the antenatal visits. The warning marks on alcoholic beverages including an ongoing message about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy could be public health good strategies to minimize preventable harms attributed to alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Effects of the duration of bridge to lung transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Oh Dong Kyu , Hong Sang-Bum , Shim Tae Sun , Kim Dong Kwan , Choi Sehoon , Lee Geun Dong , Kim Won , Park Seung-Il 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAlthough bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly performed, the impact of BTT and its duration on post-transplant outcomes are unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of adult patients who underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation in our institution between January 2008 and December 2018. Data were compared in patients who did (n = 41; BTT) and did not (n = 36; non-BTT) require pre-transplant ECMO support. Data were also compared in patients who underwent short-term (<14 days; n = 21; ST-BTT) and long-term (≥14 days; n = 20; LT-BTT) BTTs.ResultsAmong 77 patients included, 51 (66.2%) were male and median age was 53 years. The median bridging time in the BTT group was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR], 7–19 days). Although simplified acute physiologic score II was significantly higher in the BTT group (median, 35; IQR, 31–49 in BTT group vs. median, 12; IQR, 7–19 in non-BTT group;p<0.001), 1-year (73.2% vs. 80.6%; p = 0.361) and 5-year (61.5% vs. 61.5%; p = 0.765) post-transplant survival rates were comparable in both groups. Comparison of ST- and LT-BTT subgroups showed that 1-year (90.5% vs. 55.0%; p = 0.009) and 5-year (73.0% vs. 48.1%; p = 0.030) post-transplant survival rates were significantly higher in ST-BTT group. In age and sex adjusted model, the LT-BTT was an independent risk factor for 1-year post-transplant mortality (hazard ratio, 3.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.119–8.146; p = 0.029), whereas the ST-BTT was not.ConclusionsDespite the severe illness, the BTT group showed favorable post-transplantation outcomes, particularly those bridged for less than 14 days.