bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard-Boiled Intimations
Authors: Mitchell Lee Clark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The opening chapter explains the sudden advent of hard-boiled writing in the 1920s, to clarify why this curious genre emerged when it did, and what continues to beguile readers as much formally as narratively. If that hardly frames a new critical perspective, the questions are still worth reviewing to show why sociological, historical, even formalist interpretations so often misunderstand the appeal. A more productive approach that focuses on strategies of early hard-boiled writing discloses how it anticipated later, genuinely accomplished detective fiction, which diverts readers’ eyes seductively away from plot and psychology. The most celebrated of early writers—Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and James Cain—indelibly stamped the genre by deflecting attention from plot to the interest objects hold in themselves. As well, they created fictional heroes notable for garish self-expression rather than credible character, and who thus finally (if paradoxically) remain winningly two-dimensional.
Dialogue Scaffoldings
Authors: Mitchell Lee Clark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While this third chapter begins by focusing on the same early pioneers, it veers from inanimate descriptions to constructions of character. That is, Hammett conceived his private investigator as fundamentally figurative, the culmination of a flamboyant style expressed more or less entirely through dialogue, with the flaunting of a cool, flip, smart-assed affect. Subsequent fictional detectives likewise gain our attention by being reduced to stick-figure sketches, little more than quirky gestures and colorful banter. In contrast to other genres, where language tends to realistic transparency while character proves more substantial, detective fiction banks on the impeccable thinness of words deftly turned. Chandler grasped the implications of such seemingly superfluous configurations, with arch similes built on Hammett’s tersely sober expressions. Ever since, genre authors have embellished an ideal of self-conscious “attitude,” celebrating in the process a wry immunity to conventional civic and moral discriminations.
Cinematic Resolutions
Authors: Mitchell Lee Clark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Turning from fiction to film, chapter six investigates how hard-boiled and subsequent literary techniques have been translated into cinematic triumphs. Excellent scholarship exists on Hollywood’s adaptations of detective fiction beginning in the 1940s, a discussion requiring no review here. But new possibilities emerged in the neo-noir movement of the 1970s, with a sophisticated conversion of written strategies into visual framings and sonic tracks. Three sets of directors produced acknowledged masterpieces: Francis Ford Coppola’s The Conversation, Roman Polanski’s Chinatown, and the Coen brothers’ Blood Simple. In each, inventive camera movements and non-diegetic compositions intensify strains long present in the detective genre, with a fuller devotion to the distractions of “furniture” and a more pronounced focus on dialogue as snappy performance having replaced character construction, even plot.
Beyond Authenticity
Authors: Mitchell Lee Clark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mulholland Drive (2001) forms the centerpiece of the final chapter, which assesses not only cinema’s recent transformation of the detective story but also David Lynch’s exploration of the genre’s multiple ancillary pleasures. So enthralled is he by them that the film comes to seem a meta-investigation, reducing any over-arching plot to sustained uncertainty if not complete irrelevance. Instead, it has been displaced by the beguiling divergences offered from the beginning by hard-boiled divergences. In a film in which all the ingredients of “furniture,” attitude, and identity are present (including a femme fatale, flashbacks, noirish lighting, and identity reconstructed) nothing finally adds up, or is meant to. That may be the most satisfying conclusion to a genre vehicle born of diversion and misdirection.
Isabella in the Marketplace
Authors: Everest Kelvin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins by distinguishing three modes of the representation of female experience in Romantic literature: conscious feminism; representation of female experience from within the ideological constraints of the dominant order; and representation of female experience without overt consciousness of ideology or social reality. Keats’s narrative poem ‘Isabella or the Pot of Basil’ is considered as working within the third category. The ostensible conventionally Romantic contrast between the idealized lovers and the calculatingly manipulative brothers is analysed as much less straightforward. The oblivion of the lovers to the reality of their social position lays them open to exploitation by the mercantile brothers; the lovers are thus complicit in their own destruction. This complexity is reproduced at the level of the stylistic contrasts within the poem.
‘Newly unfrozen senses and imagination’
Authors: Everest Kelvin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When Shelley arrived in Italy in spring 1818, his first sustained literary endeavour was a translation of Plato’s Symposium. The translation is a brilliant achievement: it testifies to Shelley’s genius as a translator (Euripides, Homer, Goethe, Calderón). Shelley’s decision to translate was motivated by a desire to demonstrate for Mary (who could not read Greek) the true character of Athenian culture, with its emphasis on homosexuality. The Platonic ideas are also of significance in the context of Shelley’s experience of English society in the period leading up to his departure for Italy. His overt and published radicalism, sexual libertarianism, and atheism had cost him custody of his children, and the need to mute his views is demonstrated in his recognition that the Symposium translation could not legally be published in England. Its dramatic structure also points to new dimensions in the mature Italian work which immediately followed the translation.
Education and the European Social Contract
Authors: Monné Xavier Prats 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A European social contract is possible—if the discussion shifts from who has the right to act to who can help. Education is a striking example of Europe’s paradox: the areas that interest its citizens most—education, health, social protection—are those where EU institutions have the least competence. Yet while the main policy responsibility and funding instruments are at national or regional level, the key global trends in education and the reforms they require call for a strong effort from both the EU and its member countries: an extraordinary expansion of the demand for higher education and new skills; a renewed interest in the interaction between technology, education, and society, driven by the advancement of data analysis and artificial intelligence; and a growing concern about the role of education in reducing inequality and social exclusion. Education has a great future—but it will not be education as we know it; the credibility of Europe’s social contract will rest on its capacity to build and communicate the case for change and to articulate a guiding vision for twenty-first-century learning.
Gratitude
Authors: Herman Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The chapter explores the paradoxical feature of the imperfect duty of gratitude: in response to a good freely given with no expectation of return we incur a duty, imperfect but seriously wrong to violate. Rejecting a justice or debt repayment model of gratitude, the chapter argues that being the recipient of free giving in support of one’s agency is a threat to independence that gratitude is able to remove. It is further argued that the way we view the duty of gratitude is tied to an interpretation of the moral rationale for a system of ownership and property. Middle Work 1 explores the consequences of treating gratitude not as a free-standing duty but doing its work in a lattice of more fundamental interpreted moral ideas. An example of this structure is identified at the intersection of duties of gratitude and friendship.
Conclusion
Authors: Herman Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reflects on how the book’s method of using the Kantian apparatus to build out the moral habitat idea has been an occasion to fundamentally rethink Kantian theory and to show it capable of engaging creatively with contemporary moral concerns. It has also expanded the very idea of a deontology by drawing out the implications of taking imperfect duties seriously and showing the merits of regarding the practical side of moral theory as a kind of participatory moral science. It offers reflections on the local and global implications of the moral habitat idea, the importance to it of innate right, and emphasizes the place of motive and its connection to moral value in the Kantian scheme.
Introduction to Statistics and Probability Theory
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the basics of statistics and probability theory that will be used throughout the book. Specifically, it introduces the concepts behind descriptive statistics, including aspects of using visualization of means, medians, and modes, as well as distribution visualizations to understand your data for further analysis. It also introduces inferential statistics, specifically discussing t-tests and ANOVA, discussing the assumptions used for each of the tests and outputs. The chapter also includes labs where we use real game data to give you a practical understanding of how to apply these concepts and tests and how to interpret the meaning of the results you get from each test and method.
Clustering Methods in Game Data Science
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses different clustering methods and their application to game data. In particular, the chapter details K-means, Fuzzy C-Means, Hierarchical Clustering, Archetypical Analysis, and Model-based clustering techniques. It discusses the disadvantages and advantages of the different methods and discusses when you may use one method vs. the other. It also identifies and shows you ways to visualize the results to make sense of the resulting clusters. It also includes details on how one would evaluate such clusters or go about applying the algorithms to a game dataset. The chapter includes labs to delve deeper into the application of these algorithms on real game data.
Conclusions and Remarks
Authors: El-Nasr Magy Seif , Dinh Truong Huy Nguyen , Canossa Alessandro , Drachen Anders 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the takeaways from the different chapters of this book on the game data science process we introduced in Chapter 1. It shares some notes and experiences that can help you when embarking on using the methods discussed in this book. As a conclusion chapter, it will also delve into important topics that are not discussed in other chapters in this book, such as ethics, reproducibility problems, dealing with distributed big data, building bots from game data, using probabilistic models, etc. The chapter will also discuss the overall applications of game data science within the production process and will conclude by discussing where we see the future of the field going.
The Mark of Villainy
Authors: Hartung Franziska 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Why is it often so easy to identify the villain in a movie just by the way they look? Visual narratives exploit a mechanism that generates aversion towards people who look different. Being “different” by definition is in relation to a statistical norm, whether the difference concerns body size, skin color, hair styles, gender, visible physical disabilities, or facial anomalies. We often associate unattractive faces or faces with anomalies with poor character or negative personality traits. The evidence that most people harbor (implicit) biases against others who visibly differ from the norm is overwhelming, while people who approximate a statistical average within a population are regarded as beautiful and morally good. While we do not yet understand the (neuro-)biological and cognitive bases of these stereotypes, some recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that people not only pay greater attention to faces with anomalies but also simultaneously inhibit social and emotional responses.
Aesthetic Liking Is Not Only Driven by Object Properties, but Also by Your Expectations
Authors: Skov Martin , Kirk Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aesthetic liking has traditionally been thought to be caused by specific object properties: symmetry, curvature, etc. One of the great insights of neuroaesthetics is the realization that expectations play almost as great a role in shaping liking responses. For example, by prefacing exposure to an artwork with information about its provenance it is possible to enhance or decrease liking. The article under discussion summarizes the results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study where people were scanned as they rated abstract art they either believed belonged to a prestigious art gallery or to have been created by the experimenters.
Finding Mutual Interest Between Neuroscience and Aesthetics
Authors: Parker Andrew J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the article under review in this chapter, a discussion between an art historian and neuroscientists led to a collaborative project to study the influence of authenticity on the reception of artwork. Brain-scanning with functional magnetic resonance imaging led to the identification of a number of distinct areas of the cortex that might be implicated in complex aesthetic judgments. This article provides an informal account of some of the background that led to this study.
Movement, Synchronization, and Partnering in Dance
Authors: Brown Steven 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a neuroimaging study of tango dancers, the authors attempted to address two fundamental issues about dance: movement patterning (i.e., navigation of the legs in space) and synchronization of movement to the beat of music. The results of the study revealed the importance of the posterior parietal cortex to spatial navigation of movement and the cerebellum to synchronization to the beat. In a later two-person study of leading and following in dance, the author found that leaders accentuate motor processes, while followers accentuate sensory processes in their partnership. Dance is an interesting marriage of movement patterning, timing, and joint action.
Hijacking History
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hijacking History analyzes world history textbooks for high school students produced by the three most important publishers of Christian educational materials—Abeka Books, Bob Jones University Press, and Accelerated Christian Education. Initially intended for Christian schools, they now are also widely used for homeschooling. They have already been used by several generations. According to these textbooks, historians, informed by their faith, tell the story of God’s actions interpreted through the Bible. History becomes a weapon to judge and condemn civilizations that did not accept the true God or adopt “biblical” social and political positions. In their treatment of the modern world, these textbooks identify ungodly ideas to be vanquished—evolution, humanism, biblical modernism, socialism, and climate science among them. These curricula’s judgments, as Hijacking History documents, are rooted in the history of American evangelicals and fundamentalists and the battles they fought with secular culture. These curricula’s use of history has important civic ramifications. They assume that God sanctions their positions on social, political, and economic issues. Thus God’s providential relationship with American Christians entails that America should be a Christian nation advancing evangelical Christianity and capitalism throughout the world; American foreign policy and military interventions are invariably virtuous. Christianity, as these textbooks present it, is proselytizing but intolerant of other religions and Christian groups, hegemonic, and unquestionably anchored to the political right. As Hijacking History argues, the ideas these world histories promote resonate in contemporary debates about religion, politics, and education; reinforce cultural divisions; and challenge civic values of a pluralistic democracy.
What Christianity?
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter teases out many strands of Christian thought that inform the “Christian perspective” these curricula bring to bear in narrating history. It contends that they are unequivocally but narrowly Protestant. They reflect fundamental tenets of Martin Luther and John Calvin but incorporate facets of evangelicalism’s history from the eighteenth-century First Great Awakening to the present. Although the publishers do not acknowledge it, their understanding of “Christian” reflects every important evolution of evangelicalism and the battles fought both within that tradition and with external foes. The chapter highlights the broad variety of religious ideas contributing to these curricula’s undifferentiated “Christianity,” including providentialism, millennialism, and fundamentalism as well as narrower, minority religious views, notably dispensationalism, dominionism, and Christian Reconstructionism. These minority views were influential in shaping the contemporary alliance of the religious and political right.
Misguided Ancients
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the ancient Greeks and Romans have long been appreciated as foundations for Western civilization, for these textbooks, the Greeks’ philosophy, gods, and immorality tar them as godless humanists. Nonetheless, the Greeks and the Romans allow these curricula to introduce several key social, political, and moral arguments. They assess whether ancient civilizations implemented the “family values” of the political right as it emerged in the 1970s. Thus the Greeks were commendable in excluding women from the public sphere and the Romans for their strong patriarchal families. But Rome fell when it failed to maintain family values. These textbooks disparage the Romans to downplay their influence on the American founding. Furthermore, the rise of Islam reveals the presence of Satan in the world. These curricula’s repudiation of the classical tradition reflects not only contemporary concerns of the religious right but also American anti-intellectualism.
Bad Ideas and Deplorable Politics
Authors: Wellman Kathleen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the grave failures these textbooks see in the nineteenth century. They attack Darwin and make anti-evolution a touchstone of good and evil. But the greatest danger of the nineteenth century was the acceptance of biblical modernism as a new way to understand and interpret Scripture. It was not literal, did not subscribe to inerrancy, and relied on historical and linguistic study. Germany’s adoption of the historical, critical study of Scripture leads to its later destruction in World War II. When human beings adopted ideas and policies intended to redress social ills, they were subscribing to the false philosophies of Darwinism, socialism, or Marxism. While these curricula denounce Marx, they blame liberalism for the political excesses of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Rebellion, never sanctioned by God, is anathema. The chapter places these critiques in the context of evangelical responses to nineteenth-century cultural developments.
Latin Americans’ Ways of Praying
Authors: Morello Gustavo S.J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What defines a person as religious or not is whether she has a relationship with a suprahuman power. If she does, many practices can help to keep that relationship going. This chapter explores respondents’ practices that include the whole body, their emotions, and many objects, places, and other persons. These practices are not necessarily prescribed by religious institutions or perceived as religious by the secular society. Because it is the “black box” that registers the connection between the subject and the suprahuman, this chapter explores in detail the practice of “prayer,” broadly understood, how people “connect,” and the role of others in that practice.
Religion in Latin America’s Public Sphere
Authors: Morello Gustavo S.J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates the role of religion in Latin America’s public sphere. For respondents, religion and politics share the space where power is traded. The privileged position is to challenge the economic order and to generate peaceful relations among the peoples and defend human dignity. Respondents dislike the use of that power to pursue a partisan agenda and to have a privileged voice over other persons. At odds with the laïcité project, respondents welcome religion in the public sphere when it challenges modernity to include the poor, and advocates for human dignity. Religion is cheered as a countercultural force. However, this acceptance of religion’s presence in the public sphere does not mean a resacralization of it. Respondents prefer to keep the differentiation of social functions.
Covering Muslims
Authors: Bleich Erik , van der Veen Maurits 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For decades, scholars and observers have criticized negative media portrayals of Muslims and Islam. Yet most of these critiques are limited by their focus on one specific location, a limited time period, or a single outlet. This book offers the first systematic, large-scale analysis of American newspaper coverage of Muslims through comparisons across groups, time, countries, and topics. It demonstrates conclusively that coverage of Muslims is strikingly negative by every comparative measure examined. Muslim articles are negative relative to those touching on Catholics, Jews, or Hindus, and to those mentioning marginalized groups within the United States as diverse as African Americans, Latinos, Mormons, and atheists. Coverage of Muslims has also been consistently and enduringly negative across the two-decade period from 1996 through 2016. This pattern is not unique to the United States; it also holds in countries such as Britain, Canada, and Australia, although less so in the Global South. Moreover, the strong negativity in the articles is not simply a function of stories about foreign conflict zones or radical Islamist violence, even though it is true that terrorism and extremism have become more prominent themes since 9/11. Strikingly, even articles about mundane topics tend to be negative. The findings suggest that American newspapers may, however inadvertently, contribute to reinforcing boundaries that generate Islamophobic attitudes. To overcome these drawbacks, journalists and citizens can consciously “tone-check” the media to limit the stigmatizing effect of negative coverage so commonly associated with Muslims and Islam.