bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funding the present and the future: Drivers of NPO's financial sustainability
Authors: Ye Shihua , Gong Xiaochen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the prominence of financial sustainability as a critical aspect of nonprofit organizations' self‐sustainability being widely recognized, the literature on the drivers of nonprofit financial sustainability is quite limited, particularly for quantitative empirical studies. To address the research gap, we first quantify nonprofit financial sustainability in a real sense, with financial indicators measured by the nexus of long‐term and short‐term, and then systematically examine to what extent the nature, nurture and environmental drivers help to explain financial sustainability. To be specific, by using national data compiled from the Research Infrastructure of Chinese Foundation during 2014 to 2016 and using Random Effect Logit Model, this study finds that foundations registered at the provincial level, being private ones, possessing larger size of total assets with diversified revenue sources, spending more on administration, and located in the more affluent areas are more likely to shape short‐term resilience to the unexpected economic shocks and meanwhile achieve long‐term success in maintaining or expanding services. This study contributes to a better understanding of nonprofit organizations' financial performance, which is beneficial for practitioners to adopt appropriate managerial practices and organizational strategies.
Superconvergence analysis of an energy stable scheme with three step backward differential formula‐finite element method for nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation
Authors: Wang Junjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA three step backward differential formula scheme is proposed for nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation and superconvergence results are studied with Galerkin finite element method unconditionally. Energy stability is testified for the constructed scheme with an artificial term. Splitting technique is utilized to get rid of the ratio between the time step size and the subdivision parameter . Temporal error estimate in H2‐norm is derived, which leads to the boundedness of the solutions of the time‐discrete equations. Unconditional spatial error estimate in L2‐norm is deduced which help bound the numerical solutions in L∞‐norm. Superconvergent property of in H1‐norm with order is obtained by taking difference between two time levels of the error equations unconditionally. The global superconvergent property is deduced through the above results. Two numerical examples show the validity of the theoretical analysis.
The divergence‐free nonconforming virtual element method for the Navier–Stokes problem
Authors: Zhang Bei , Zhao Jikun , Li Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present the divergence‐free nonconforming virtual element method for the Navier–Stokes problem. By using a gradient projection operator, we construct a nonconforming virtual element that allows us to compute the L2‐projection. The nonconforming virtual element provides the exact divergence‐free approximation to the velocity and is proved to be convergent with the optimal convergence rate. Finally, the numerical results are shown to confirm the convergence of the nonconforming virtual element.
The impact of pathological conditions on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in the bone collagen of individuals with known biographic data and medical history
Authors: Drtikolová Kaupová Sylva , Cvrček Jan , Grossová Iva , Hadrava Jiří , Půtová Lenka , Velemínský Petr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to refine our understanding of the extent to which chronic diseases with and without skeletal manifestation affect the isotopic values in bone collagen. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were measured in the ribs and femurs of 65 individuals from a documented skeletal collection (19th–21st centuries, Czech Republic). Statistically significant differences in both carbon and nitrogen isotopic values were found between particular families. There was a notable effect of the year of death on nitrogen isotopic values in ribs. Neither the presence of chronic disease in general nor the presence of carcinoma, age‐related physical debility, or tuberculosis had a significant impact on isotopic values. Cases of cancer with skeletal metastases however showed an increase of 1‰–1.5‰ in nitrogen isotopic values in (i) metastasis tissue, (ii) the healthy areas of bone affected by the metastasis, and (iii) the healthy rib bone. The results demonstrate that distinct dietary habits in particular families are the main driving force affecting the isotopic values in the sampled individuals. A minor but notable temporal shift in the nitrogen isotopic values of ribs may be linked to environmental and/or societal changes during the studied period. The observed increase in the nitrogen isotopic values of individuals with bone cancer metastases is in accordance with the state of cachexia and negative nitrogen balance. Despite the low number of cases, this result urges caution, as isotopic changes to the observed degree may significantly affect the dietary interpretation of the isotopic data.
Translating2019 ACSMCancer Exercise Recommendations for a Physiatric Practice: Derived Recommendations from an International Expert Panel
Authors: Parke Sara C. , Ng Amy , Martone Patrick , Gerber Lynn H. , Zucker David S. , Engle Jessica , Gupta Ekta , Power Katherine , Sokolof Jonas , Shahpar Samman , Bagay Leslie , Becker Bruce E. , Langelier David Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2018, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) reconvened an international, multi‐disciplinary group of professionals to review pertinent published literature on exercise for people with cancer. The 2018 roundtable resulted in the publication of three articles in 2019. The three articles serve as an important update to the original ACSM Roundtable on Cancer, which convened in 2010. Although the focus of the three 2019 articles is on exercise, which is only one part of comprehensive cancer rehabilitation, the evidence presented in the 2019 ACSM articles has direct implications for physiatrists and other rehabilitation professionals who care for people with cancer. As such, the narrative review presented here has two primary objectives. First, we summarize the evidence within the three ACSM articles and interpret it within a familiar rehabilitation framework, namely the Dietz model of Cancer Rehabilitation, in order to facilitate implementation broadly within rehabilitation practice. Second, via expert consensus, we have tabulated relevant exercise recommendations for specific cancer populations at different points in the cancer care continuum and translated them into text, tables, and figures for ease of reference. Notably, the authors of this article are members of the Cancer Rehabilitation Physician Consortium (CRPC), a group of physicians who subspecialize in cancer rehabilitation medicine (CRM).
Ultrasound‐guided microinvasive trigger finger release technique using an 18‐gauge needle with a blade at the tip: A prospective study
Authors: Colberg Ricardo E. , Jurado Vélez Javier A. , Garrett William Hunter , Hart Karen , Fleisig Glenn S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpen surgical trigger finger release has limited success and the risk of complications; however, percutaneous techniques offer a successful alternative. There is limited understanding of the success of percutaneous trigger finger release.ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the functional outcomes of patients with Green classification Grade 2 to 4 trigger finger treated with an ultrasound‐guided microinvasive trigger finger release using a special 18‐gauge needle with a blade at the tip.DesignProspective, case‐series study.SettingThis study took place at an academic institution by one sports medicine physician (R.E.C.) with subspecialty training and certification in musculoskeletal ultrasound.PatientsSixty patients (79 cases) met criteria and agreed to participate in this study; 19 patients had multiple fingers treated. Average patient age was 62.8 years (SD 10.2). Average trigger finger severity diagnosis was Grade 3.InterventionsPatients were treated with an ultrasound‐guided microinvasive trigger finger release using a special 18‐gauge needle with a blade at the tip.Main Outcome MeasurementsQuick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), numerical rating scale (NRS), and Nirschl scores were captured preprocedure, at various time points, and at final follow‐up. Changes between preprocedure and final follow‐up were analyzed by paired t test (p < .05). Differences were also analyzed between finger, grade level, and gender by repeated measures analyses of variance (p < .05).ResultsNo adverse events were documented perioperatively or postoperatively. Average follow‐up time was 18.4 months (SD 4.6). At final follow‐up, 100% of patients reported no recurrence of catching/locking, 97% had complete resolution of symptoms and significant improvement in QuickDASH scores, and 99% required no further treatment. All measurements showed a decrease in pain and symptoms over time. The improvements in QuickDASH score, NRS, and Nirschl scale and the resolution of mechanical symptoms were all statistically significant.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided release using the 18‐gauge needle with a blade provides significant functional improvement and full resolution of mechanical symptoms with minimal adverse events.
Sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) grafted with hexyl‐ and butyl‐imidazolium chloride ionic liquids
Authors: Barrios‐Tarazona Karen , Suleiman David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, novel sulfonated poly(ionic liquid)s block‐copolymers based on poly(styrene–isobutylene–styrene) (SIBS) are synthesized for chemical protective clothing (CPC) applications. The synthesis consists of the chloromethylation of SIBS, followed by the incorporation of N‐alkylimidazole through chemical grafting, and concluding with sulfonation of the resulting compound. Properties of the membranes are determined as a function of different N‐alkylimidazoles (butylimidazole and hexylimidazole) and sulfonation levels (7–23 mol%). Results show that the incorporation of imidazole and sulfonic groups increases the thermal stability of SIBS as well as its water absorption capabilities. The interaction between the ionic moieties in the polymeric matrix allows the formation of hydrophilic nanochannels, which promote the transport of permeants through the membrane. The high water vapor transmission rate (above 2000 g m−2 day−1) and values of selectivity (~50) demonstrate that the breathability of the synthesized membrane is improved while blocking the passage of dimethyl methylphosphonate (simulant of agent Sarin). The above mentioned observations suggest that sulfonated SIBS‐PIL's membranes are potential materials for CPC applications.
Addition copolymerization of norbornene lactone catalyzed by Pd complexes
Authors: Isaji Kosuke , Matsuoka Shin‐ichi , Suzuki Masato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe addition copolymerization of norbornene (NB) with functionalized monomers can lead to the modification of physical properties of poly(NB). Herein, the synthesis of new copolymer of NB with exo‐norbornene lactone (exo‐NBL) is reported. The copolymerization proceeded by four Pd catalytic systems, and of these, Pd(allyl)IDippCl/AgSbF6 (IDipp = 1,3‐bis[2,6‐diisopropylphenyl]imidazolin‐2‐ylidene)) was the most effective for the incorporation of exo‐NBL. Specifically, the copolymerization with exo‐NBL/NB feed ratio of 50/50 at r.t. by 0.1 mol% of the Pd catalyst produced poly(NB‐co‐exo‐NBL) with Mn of 87,000, and Mw/Mn of 1.2 in 40% yield, incorporating exo‐NBL of 18 mol%. The time–conversion plots and 1H diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR analysis of the copolymer suggest that it has a random sequence. In contrast, no copolymer was formed from endo‐NBL. This is because of steric hindrance of the endo‐lactone moiety by considering the (co)polymerization of endo‐5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (endo‐NBCO2Me). The incorporation of exo‐NBL improves the solubility of poly(NB‐co‐exo‐NBL) in several chlorinated solvents and gives high thermal stability with 10% weight loss at a temperature of more than 400°C. Two amorphous halos corresponding to intra‐ and interchain distances were observed in the WAXD patterns, allowing to calculate d‐spacing values, which are higher than that of poly(NB).
Development of the Anxiety, Depression and Coping (ADAF) screening tool for emotional and coping problems in cancer patients
Authors: Pérez‐Segura Pedro , Enrech Francés Santos , Juez Martel Ignacio , Pérez Escutia Maria Angeles , Hernández Agudo Elena , Leon Leticia , Corradi Guido , Olivera Pérez‐Frade Helena , Sánchez Escamilla Francisco , Baselga López Marta , Baquero Jose Luis , Redondo Delgado Marta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveClinical guidelines recommend psychological screening in cancer patients. However, most scales cover many items and hamper detection. In addition, patients are generally referred from routine consultations. The specific objective of the present study was to develop and validate a tool, Anxiety, Depression, Coping (ADAF), to screen for anxiety and depression and assess coping in cancer patients.MethodsCross‐sectional, multicenter study performed in the medical and radiotherapy‐oncology services of five hospitals in Madrid and coordinated by the Medical Oncology Service of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (CEIC nº19/265‐E). To determine psychometric properties, the ADAF screening questionnaire ADAF was administered. ADAF includes five items (1 related to anxiety symptoms, 2 related to depressive symptoms, 1 for helplessness coping, and 1 for avoidance coping). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Mini‐Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale were used as the gold standards. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves constructed. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 186 patients completed the evaluation. The correlation coefficients were significant for all dimensions (anxiety, depression, helplessness coping, and avoidance coping) (p < 0.001). The statistical analysis of the ROC curves suggested that the cut‐off point for screening was >2 points (3 in the case of depression), with a sensitivity and specificity between 62% and 90%, and an area under the curve above 0.8 for the first 4 items.ConclusionsADAF screening has adequate reliability and good sensitivity and specificity. This instrument is useful and can be easily applied to identify emotional and coping problems in cancer patients.
Efficacy and safety of surfactant administration via thin catheter in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaohong , Feng Zhoushan , Kong Juan , Lai Yiyu , Jia Chunhong , Xu Zhanyuan , Wu Fan , Cui Qiliang , Chen Yaoyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe efficacy and safety of surfactant administration via thin catheter in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) was investigated.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that comparing thin catheter technique with intubation for surfactant delivery in preterm infants with NRDS.ResultsThirteen RCTs (1931 infants) were included in the meta‐analysis. The use of thin catheter technique decreased the incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pneumothorax, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) (risk ratio [RR]: 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.75, p < .0001; RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.93, p = .02 and RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–1.00, p = .04, respectively). In addition, infants in the intervention group required less mechanical ventilation within 72 h of life or during hospitalization (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.75, p < .00001 and RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82, p = .0005, respectively) compared with infants in the control group. However, the rate of surfactant reflux was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (RR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.37–3.29, p = .0008). There were no significant differences in mortality and other outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionThe administration of surfactant via thin catheter could lower the requirement for mechanical ventilation, and decrease the incidence of BPD, pneumothorax, and hsPDA.
Effect of heat‐sealing parameters on the thermal profile and seal strength of multilayer films and non‐woven
Authors: Ponnambalam Divya , Lim Loong Tak , Manickavasagan Annamalai , Yucheng Fu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeat sealing is one of the most common techniques for sealing food packages. In this study, the effects of sealer parameters such as dwell time (0.5–2 s), jaw temperature (225–250°C) and pressure (69–345 KPa) and the seal contaminants (coffee particles [0.70–0.85 mm]) were studied on polymer materials used in coffee capsules: (1) lidding, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/Al/linear low‐density poly(ethylene) (LLDPE); (2) wall, polystyrene (PS)/ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH)/PS; and non‐woven filter, NW1 (mono‐component fibre) or NW2 (bicomponent fibre [core/sheath]). The presence of NW1 and NW2 non‐woven in the seal structures decreased the interfacial temperature by 5°C and 11°C, respectively in comparison to seal structures without non‐woven. The degradation of the seal bonding caused a decline in the seal strength at elevated temperature (NW: >240°C without NW: >235°C) and longer dwell time (NW: >1 s, without NW: >1.5 s). The core and sheath structure of NW2 (969 N/mm) was responsible for higher seal strength in comparison to NW1 and without NW, as the core remained intact during the sealing, increasing the material strength. The minimum pressure of 207 KPa was required for creating enough contact between films to achieve proper sealing. The coffee particles buried under the opaque layer of lidding films created visible thermal artefacts when observed under thermal camera. The contaminated region differed by 30–38°C from the surrounding sound region after cooling for 3.5 s. The seal strength was stronger when a single coffee particle was in the middle compared to a sample with multiple particles.
Face index of nanotubes and regular hexagonal lattices
Authors: Ding Sheng , Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Shah Syed Fehmeed , Fahad Asfand , Jamil Muhammad Kamran , Liu Jia‐Bao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe interdependency of the molecular structures of drugs and their biomedical characteristics have already been proved by lab experiments. We can approximate these characteristics by computing numerical invariants associated to their molecular structures. These invariants are called topological indices. Among many topological indices, the face index (FI) is defined most recently. The FI may be helpful in approximating the boiling point andπ‐electron energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons and some other drugs with the correlation coefficient. In this article, we compute the FI for Boron triangular nanotubes, the nanotubesand, Also compute the FI for quadrilateral sections cut from regular hexagonal latticeand.
Transmission Spectroscopy of Molecular Spin Ensembles in the Dispersive Regime
Authors: Bonizzoni Claudio , Ghirri Alberto , Nakazawa Shigeaki , Nishida Shinsuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Affronte Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe readout in the dispersive regime is originally developed—and it is now largely exploited—for non‐demolitive measurement of super‐ and semiconducting qubits. More recently it has been successfully applied to probe collective spin excitations in ferro(i)magnetic bulk samples or collections of paramagnetic spin centers embedded into microwave cavities. The use of this readout technique within a semiclassical limit of excitation is only marginally investigated although it holds for a wide class of problems, including advanced magnetic resonance techniques. In this work, the coupling between a coplanar microwave resonator and diphenyl‐nitroxide organic radical diluted in a fully deuterated benzophenone single crystal is investigated. Two‐tone transmission spectroscopy experiments demonstrate the possibility to reconstruct the spectrum of the spin system with little loss of sensitivity with respect to the resonant regime. Likewise, pulse sequences of detuned microwave frequency allow the measurement of the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1). The independent tunability of the probe and the drive power enables one to adjust the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the spectroscopy. These results suggest that electron spin dispersive spectroscopy can be used as a complementary tool of electron spin resonance to investigate the spin response.
Estimating the cover of Phragmites australis using unmanned aerial vehicles and neural networks in a semi‐arid wetland
Authors: Higgisson William , Cobb Adrian , Tschierschke Alica , Dyer Fiona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide high‐spatial‐resolution imagery and allow the collection of data in locations or periods of time where field‐based data collection is challenging or impossible, such as in wetlands and floodplains. Computational deep learning techniques are transforming the way in which remotely sensed imagery and data can be used and are having an increasing role in remote sensing. Here, we describe a method using UAV and machine learning technique convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to estimate the cover of wetland features Phragmites australis reeds, leaf litter, water, bareground, and other vegetation in a large inland floodplain wetland in Western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We firstly describe the process we took to train, validate, and test the model. We describe the model's performance by calculating a range of performance indicators and provide density maps and results from individual sites. The model had an overall accuracy of 0.947 and recognized and estimated Phragmites australis reeds to a very high accuracy (>98%). Here, we show an effective, accurate, and reproducible way to estimate the cover of Phragmites australis reeds and other wetland features using UAV and CNNs in a semi‐arid wetland.
Prodrugs for Nitroreductase Based Cancer Therapy‐5: Development of Trinitroaniline Prodrugs/Ssap‐NtrB Combinations for Liver Cancer Using Intracellular and Extracellular Conditions
Authors: Hacıoğlu Nelin , Güngör Tuğba , Tokay Esra , Gülhan Ünzile Güven , Çelik Ayhan , Ay Mehmet , Köçkar Feray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a series of trinitroaniline derivatives (TNA1‐8) were synthesized and investigated as potential antitumor agents for enzyme‐prodrug therapy. Enzymatic efficiency of Ssap‐NtrB on prodrug candidates was determined with HPLC analysis and kinetic studies. The anti‐proliferative properties of compounds were determined against four cancer cell lines (Hep3B, PC3, HT‐29, and Saos‐2) and a healthy cell line (HUVEC) via MTT assay. Intracellular and extracellular prodrug‐enzyme treatments were carried out on Hep3B cells. Herewith, the expression of the Ssap‐NtrB gene was confirmed with this study. IC50 values of piperidine and 1,3‐cyclohexyl derivatives (TNA4 and TNA7) were identified as 1.724 nM and 1.640 nM at extracellular conditions. In intracellular conditions, it was determined as 0.293 μM and 0.393 μM, respectively. In summary, 2,4,6‐trinitroaniline derivatives, especially compounds TNA4 and TNA7 might be used as prodrug candidates along with Ssap‐NtrB for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy and the development of new prodrugs at cancer treatments.