bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the modified Skåne emergency department assessment of patient load (mSEAL) model for emergency department crowding and comparison with international models; an observational study
Authors: Wretborn Jens , Starkenberg Håkan , Ruge Thoralph , Wilhelms Daniel B. , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Emergency Department crowding is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but no measure of crowding has been validated in Sweden. We have previously derived and internally validated the Skåne Emergency Department Assessment of Patient Load (SEAL) score as a measure of crowding in Emergency Departments (ED) in a large regional healthcare system in Sweden. Due to differences in electronic health records (EHRs) between health care systems in Sweden, all variables in the original SEAL-score could not be measured reliably nationally. We aimed to derive and validate a modified SEAL (mSEAL) model and to compare it with established international measures of crowding.

Methods
This was an observational cross sectional study at four EDs in Sweden. All clinical staff assessed their workload (1–6 where 6 is the highest workload) at 5 timepoints each day. We used linear regression with stepwise backward elimination on the original SEAL dataset to derive and internally validate the mSEAL score against staff workload assessments. We externally validated the mSEAL at four hospitals and compared it with the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS), the simplified International Crowding Measure in Emergency Department (sICMED), and Occupancy Rate. Area under the receiver operating curve (AuROC) and coefficient of determination was used to compare crowding models. Crowding was defined as an average workload of 4.5 or higher.

Results
The mSEAL score contains the variables Patient Hours and Time to physician and showed strong correlation with crowding in the derivation (r2 = 0.47), internal validation (r2 = 0.64 and 0.69) and in the external validation (r2 = 0.48 to 0.60). AuROC scores for crowding in the external validation were 0.91, 0.90, 0.97 and 0.80 for mSEAL, Occupancy Rate, NEDOCS and sICMED respectively.

Conclusions
The mSEAL model can measure crowding based on workload in Swedish EDs with good discriminatory capacity and has the potential to systematically evaluate crowding and help policymakers and researchers target its causes and effects. In Swedish EDs, Occupancy Rate and NEDOCS are good alternatives to measure crowding based on workload.
Executive dysfunctions mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSensory processing is essential for the interaction with the environment and for adequate daily function. Sensory processing may deteriorate with aging and restrict daily activity performance. Aging may also affect Executive functions (EFs) which are critical for daily activity performance. Yet, most studies refer separately to the impacts of sensory processing or EFs and use clinical evaluations that do not necessarily reflect functional restrictions in real life. This study aims to describe the prevalence of altered sensory processing in the elderly as expressed in daily life scenarios and explore whether EFs mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 167 healthy independently functioning people aged 65 and above who were living in the community, had sufficient cognitive status and no symptoms of depression (based on the GDS and the MMSE). All participants completed a socio-demographic-health questionnaire, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version and the Daily Living Questionnaire.ResultsAltered sensory processing, and mainly by the reduced ability to register and modulate sensory input from daily environment, were prevalent in older adults. Their impacts on daily activity performance were mediated by executive dysfunctions.ConclusionsExecutive dysfunctions may worsen the negative effects of altered sensory processing on daily activity performance in older adults. The interaction between EFs and sensory processing should receive growing attention in intervention and prevention programs for older adults, with the emphasis on their expressions and implications on peoples’ function in real life context.
High impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a nursing home in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France, March to April 2020
Authors: Bernadou A. , Bouges S. , Catroux M. , Rigaux J. C. , Laland C. , Levêque N. , Noury U. , Larrieu S. , Acef S. , Habold D. , Cazenave-Roblot F. , Filleul L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Elderly people in nursing homes are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their age, the presence of comorbidities, and community living. On March 14, 2020, at the beginning of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in France, a cluster was reported in a nursing home in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. We monitored the outbreak as well as the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures implemented.

Methods
A confirmed case was defined as laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a resident or staff member present in the nursing home between March 7 and May 1, 2020; and a probable case as a person presenting an acute respiratory illness after contact with a confirmed case. Symptomatic inpatient residents and symptomatic staff members were systematically tested for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, two screening sessions were held on site.

Results
We identified 109 cases (98 confirmed, 11 probable). The attack rate was 66% among residents and 45% among staff. Half of all cases were identified during the screening sessions. One-quarter of cases had minor symptoms or were asymptomatic. The case fatality rate among residents was 29%. IPC measures were rapidly implemented such as the quarantine of residents, the reinforcement of staff personal protective equipment, and home quarantine of staff testing positive, which were supplemented in April by systematic controls at the entrance of the nursing home and the creation of additional staff break rooms.

Conclusions
This outbreak confirmed the considerable health impact of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a nursing home. In addition to the implementation of IPC measures, the early detection of cases through the screening of residents and staff is essential to identify asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases and limit the spread of the virus.
A prospectus of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterium from orchid (Vanda cristata)
Authors: Shah Sujit , Chand Krishna , Rekadwad Bhagwan , Shouche Yogesh S. , Sharma Jyotsna , Pant Bijaya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium PVL1 isolated from the leaf of Vanda cristata has the ability to colonize with roots of plants and protect the plant. PVL1 was isolated using laboratory synthetic media. 16S rRNA gene sequencing method has been employed for identification before and after root colonization ability.

Results
Original isolated and remunerated strain from colonized roots were identified as Bacillus spp. as per EzBiocloud database. The presence of bacteria in the root section of the plantlet was confirmed through Epifluorescence microscopy of colonized roots. The in-vitro plantlet colonized by PVL1 as well as DLMB attained higher growth than the control. PVL1 capable of producing plant beneficial phytohormone under in vitro cultivation. HPLC and GC-MS analysis suggest that colonized plants contain Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The methanol extract of Bacillus spp., contains 0.015 μg in 1 μl concentration of IAA. PVL1 has the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds such as ethyl iso-allocholate, which exhibits immune restoring property. One-way ANOVA shows that results were statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05 level.

Conclusions
Hence, it has been concluded that Bacillus spp. PVL1 can promote plant growth through secretion of IAA during root colonization and ethyl iso-allocholate to protect plants from foreign infections. Thus, this study supports to support Koch’s postulates of bacteria establishment.
Predictors of performance on the pediatric board certification examination
Authors:   Japan Pediatric Society Steering Committee of Board Examination, Nomura Osamu , Onishi Hirotaka , Park Yoon Soo , Michihata Nobuaki , Kobayashi Tohru , Kaneko Kazunari , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Ishiguro Akira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Examining the predictors of summative assessment performance is important for improving educational programs and structuring appropriate learning environments for trainees. However, predictors of certification examination performance in pediatric postgraduate education have not been comprehensively investigated in Japan.

Methods
The Pediatric Board Examination database in Japan, which includes 1578 postgraduate trainees from 2015 to 2016, was analyzed. The examinations included multiple-choice questions (MCQs), case summary reports, and an interview, and the predictors for each of these components were investigated by multiple regression analysis.

Results
The number of examination attempts and the training duration were significant negative predictors of the scores for the MCQ, case summary, and interview. Employment at a community hospital or private university hospital were negative predictors of the MCQ and case summary score, respectively. Female sex and the number of academic presentations positively predicted the case summary and interview scores. The number of research publications was a positive predictor of the MCQ score, and employment at a community hospital was a positive predictor of the case summary score.

Conclusion
This study found that delayed and repeated examination taking were negative predictors, while the scholarly activity of trainees was a positive predictor, of pediatric board certification examination performance.
Distribution and utilization of homestead windbreak Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica Merr.) trees: an ethnobotanical approach
Authors: Chen Bixia , Akamine Hikaru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGarcinia subelliptica(Fukugi in Japanese) is an evergreen tropical tree, first identified in Batanes, the Philippines, which has been planted as a homestead windbreak and in coastal forests extensively on the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This article focuses on the traditional uses and cultural values of Fukugi trees and provides ethnobotanical information for the conservation scheme of this important tree species.MethodsA combination of ecological and ethnobotanical approaches was applied in this study. Extensive field surveys were conducted to collect dimensions of relatively large trees, and in-depth interviews with the village leaders and knowledgeable persons were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data.ResultsFukugi trees have been primarily planted as homestead or farmland windbreaks. Timber was harvested during difficult times, for example, after WWII, and used for recreational purposes for children or farmers. The fruits were also eaten on some remote islands. Old-growth Fukugi trees are widely found in sacred sites, within cities, and as symbolic trees. The older generations respect Fukugi trees; however, the cultural significance valued by older generation seems to be lacking in the younger generation. We argue that Fukugi is a cultural keystone species in Okinawa, which underpins Ryukyu culture and has transformed islands into a pleasant land, a unique place, and shared identity for the community.ConclusionsFukugi windbreaks provide significant ecosystem services, such as biodiversity in the forest, reducing soil erosion, and spiritual and cultural values. A combination of biophysical environment, as well as tradition and custom, has played an essential role in tree species selection for windbreaks. The positive impacts that anthropogenic activities have had on the sustainability of woody species, namely, the active utilization of tree species, may have enabled the species to sustain. Strategies for protecting old-growth Fukugi trees, in addition to restoration of damaged trees, are needed to improve the sustainable management of Fukugi trees in Okinawa.
scSorter: assigning cells to known cell types according to marker genes
Authors: Guo Hongyu , Li Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we consider the problem of assigning cells to known cell types, assuming that the identities of cell-type-specific marker genes are given but their exact expression levels are unavailable, that is, without using a reference dataset. Based on an observation that the expected over-expression of marker genes is often absent in a nonnegligible proportion of cells, we develop a method called scSorter. scSorter allows marker genes to express at a low level and borrows information from the expression of non-marker genes. On both simulated and real data, scSorter shows much higher power compared to existing methods.
Relaxometric learning: a pattern recognition method for T2 relaxation curves based on machine learning supported by an analytical framework
Authors: Date Yasuhiro , Wei Feifei , Tsuboi Yuuri , Ito Kengo , Sakata Kenji , Kikuchi Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based relaxometry is widely used in various fields of research because of its advantages such as simple sample preparation, easy handling, and relatively low cost compared with metabolomics approaches. However, there have been no reports on the application of the T2 relaxation curves in metabolomics studies involving the evaluation of metabolic mixtures, such as geographical origin determination and feature extraction by pattern recognition and data mining. In this study, we describe a data mining method for relaxometric data (i.e., relaxometric learning). This method is based on a machine learning algorithm supported by the analytical framework optimized for the relaxation curve analyses. In the analytical framework, we incorporated a variable optimization approach and bootstrap resampling-based matrixing to enhance the classification performance and balance the sample size between groups, respectively. The relaxometric learning enabled the extraction of features related to the physical properties of fish muscle and the determination of the geographical origin of the fish by improving the classification performance. Our results suggest that relaxometric learning is a powerful and versatile alternative to conventional metabolomics approaches for evaluating fleshiness of chemical mixtures in food and for other biological and chemical research requiring a nondestructive, cost-effective, and time-saving method.
Development and implementation of a point of care ultrasound curriculum at a multi-site institution
Authors: Russell Frances M. , Herbert Audrey , Ferre Robinson M. , Zakeri Bita , Echeverria Valerie , Peterson Dina , Wallach Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 2014, over 60% of medical schools were incorporating point of care ultrasound (POCUS) into their curriculum. Today, over 6 years later, many more schools are teaching POCUS or are in the planning stages of implementing a POCUS curriculum. In 2019, the AAMC reported that 53 schools or over one-third of US medical schools have multi-site campuses for undergraduate medical education. Implementation of a POCUS educational initiative at a multi-site campus presents unique challenges for teaching a uniform curriculum statewide. This article will discuss the POCUS curriculum and implementation process at a large multi-site institution.
Are hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk of invasive bacterial infections? Results from POLIBD 3-year cohort study
Authors: Gruszecka Jolanta , Filip Rafał 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the dominant species of bacteria found in blood cultures collected from patients under treatment in the tertiary inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center in Poland. The dominant pathogen isolated from blood in patients with IBD was Staphylococcus epidermidis MRCNS (MRCNS—methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus), a strain resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, penicillins with B-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins and carbapenems). The second most commonly isolated pathogen found in the blood samples was Escherichia coli. Blood cultures were found to be positive for these pathogens more frequently in male patients (90.0%). An increased risk of bacteremia in IBD patients was associated with prolonged hospitalization.
Menarche in primary ovarian insufficiency after a month of hormone replacement therapy: a case report
Authors: Cheng Biwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Gynecologic anomalies, including uterine agenesis and ovarian dysgenesis, are some of the several differential diagnoses in adolescent females with primary amenorrhea and delayed puberty. Primary ovarian insufficiency is reported in the clinical practice of reproductive endocrinology can be determined by conducting sex hormone tests to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. However, confirmation of Mullerian agenesis by image modalities can be extremely challenging. Once the diagnosis is established, breakthrough bleeding usually occurs 2 to 3 years after hormonal replacement therapy.

Case presentation
We report a case of a seventeen year old Taiwanese female, 46 XX karyotype, with ovarian dysgenesis and an initial tentative diagnosis of uterine agenesis who experienced a breakthrough bleeding after a month of hormonal replacement therapy.

Conclusions
The breakthrough bleeding after a month of estrogen therapy in primary ovarian insufficiency is uncommon, and the diagnosis of the absent uterus can have an extensive psychological impact on patients and their families.
Biliary type-II sphincter of Oddi dysfunction with a pancreatic duct dilation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Al-Khoury Naseem , Mohamad Okbah , Mazloum Abd Al-Jawad , Madi Maher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The double-duct sign is defined as dilation of both the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, which usually indicates pancreatic malignancy. However, benign causes have also been reported to cause a double-duct sign.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 59-year-old Caucasian female patient admitted to the Gastroenterology Department with intermittent right epigastric abdominal pain and an intact gallbladder. A double-duct sign was seen on endoscopic ultrasound. The suspicion of pancreatic malignancy was excluded through follow-up investigations. Biliary type II sphincter of Oddi dysfunction was diagnosed with an association of the double-duct sign. Sphincterotomy was performed to reduce pain, and there was no recurrence of symptoms during follow-up.

Conclusions
This is the third reported case in the literature of the double-duct sign associated with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This case emphasizes that the double-duct sign is not always caused by a local malignancy. The literature review of the reported cases has been summarized to help in the diagnosis of future similar cases.
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 enolase interaction with host brain microvascular endothelial cells and RPSA-induced apoptosis lead to loss of BBB integrity
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Lei Siyu , Jia Li , Xia Xiaojing , Sun Yingying , Jiang Hexiang , Zhu Rining , Li Shuguang , Qu Guanggang , Gu Jingmin , Sun Changjiang , Feng Xin , Han Wenyu , Langford Paul R. , Lei Liancheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHost proteins interacting with pathogens are receiving more attention as potential therapeutic targets in molecular medicine. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important cause of meningitis in both humans and pigs worldwide. SS2 Enolase (Eno) has previously been identified as a virulence factor with a role in altering blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, but the host cell membrane receptor of Eno and The mechanism(s) involved are unclear. This study identified that SS2 Eno binds to 40S ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) on the surface of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells leading to activation of intracellular p38/ERK-eIF4E signalling, which promotes intracellular expression of HSPD1 (heat-shock protein family D member 1), and initiation of host-cell apoptosis, and increased BBB permeability facilitating bacterial invasion. This study reveals novel functions for the host-interactional molecules RPSA and HSPD1 in BBB integrity, and provides insight for new therapeutic strategies in meningitis.
Efficient genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Boontawon Tatpong , Nakazawa Takehito , Inoue Chikako , Osakabe Keishi , Kawauchi Moriyuki , Sakamoto Masahiro , Honda Yoichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPleurotus ostreatus is one of the most commercially produced edible mushrooms worldwide. Improved cultivated strains with more useful traits have been obtained using classical breeding, which is laborious and time-consuming. Here, we attempted efficient gene mutagenesis using plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 as the first step for non-genetically modified (non-GM) P. ostreatus generation. Plasmids harboring expression cassettes of Cas9 and different single guide RNAs targeting fcy1 and pyrG were individually transferred into fungal protoplasts of the PC9 strain, which generated some strains exhibiting resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and 5-fluoroorotic acid, respectively. Genomic PCR followed by sequencing revealed small insertions/deletions or insertion of a fragment from the plasmid at the target site in some of the drug-resistant strains. The results demonstrated efficient CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genome editing in P. ostreatus, which could contribute to the molecular breeding of non-GM cultivated strains in the future. Furthermore, a mutation in fcy1 via homology-directed repair using this CRISPR/Cas9 system was also efficiently introduced, which could be applied not only for precise gene disruption, but also for insertions leading to heterologous gene expression in this fungus.
One-step electropolymerization of methylene blue films on highly flexible carbon fiber electrode as supercapacitors
Authors: Samyn Leandro Marques , Suresh Babu Rajendran , Devendiran Mani , de Barros Ana Lucia Ferreira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnergy crisis and environmental pollution have been one of the major global issues. In this regard, the search for new energy storage materials is cheap, flexible and high-performance supercapacitors electrode which has become intensive. Also, reducing the amount of organic dyes polluting in water is a great significance. Herein, one-step electropolymerization of methylene blue on carbon fiber and the resulting films were applied to the supercapacitor. The high performance is associated to the outstanding conductivity, electrochemical stability and superior mechanical flexibility of carbon fiber. A new flexible electrode for supercapacitors was successfully fabricated by demonstrating with a good electrochemical performance and a promising alternative to reduce the water pollution.