bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry of the Silicon Oxide Dielectric Layer: Principles, Electrochemical Reactions, and Perspectives
Authors: Shin Samuel J. , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemistry of the silicon oxide dielectric layer, a notable insulator often used as a gate oxide, is counterintuitive, but addresses fundamental questions to yield novel scientific discoveries. In this minireview, the fundamental electron transfer mechanism of silicon oxide in the electrolyte solution is elucidated. The possible electrochemical reactions to date are discussed in detail, providing numerous potential areas of application which are elaborated and justified. This minireview not only provides background but also guides future research.
Two‐dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochromic Switching
Authors: Sarkar Madhurima , Dutta Tapas Kumar , Patra Abhijit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electrochromic materials have received immense attention for the fabrication of smart optoelectronic devices. The alteration of the redox states of the electroactive functionalities results in the color change in response to electrochemical potential. Even though transition metal oxides, redox‐active small organic molecules, conducting polymers, and metallopolymers are known for electrochromism, advanced materials demonstrating multicolor switching with fast response time and high durability are of increasing demand. Recently, two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) have been demonstrated as electrochromic materials due to their tunable redox functionalities with highly ordered structure and large specific surface area facilitating fast ion transport. Herein, we have discussed the mechanistic insights of electrochromism in 2D COFs and their structure‐property relationship in electrochromic performance. Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge for developing the electrochromic 2D COFs and their potential application in next‐generation display devices are highlighted.
Zirconium‐Doped Vanadium Oxide and Ammonium Linked Layered Cathode to Construct a Full‐Cell Magnesium‐Ion Battery: A Realization and Structural, Electrochemical Study
Authors: Muthuraj Divyamahalakshmi , Sarkar Ananta , Panda Manas Ranjan , Adil Md. , Sagdeo Archna , Mitra Sagar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMore than three times higher bulk density, easy to handle in air, and high abundance on earth crust make magnesium metal a desirable element in battery application. Several efforts have been attempted to construct the rechargeable magnesium‐ion battery, unfortunately none of them are successful to a limit. Here, a new generation of vanadium oxide linked with ammonium ions is considered an active cathode for magnesium ion insertion. The Zr doped‐NH4V4O10 (Zr‐NVO) nanorod exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 328 mAh g−1 at 40 mA g−1 current density with negligible capacity fading till 150 cycles. The estimated Mg2+ diffusivity in such cathode is found to be in the range of 10−11 to 10−12 cm2 s−1, demonstrating a pronounced Mg‐ion mobility in Zr‐NVO cathode. In addition, a detailed mechanistic study is performed at different states of charge using XRD, XPS and in‐situ XANES analysis. In conclusion, to achieve the ultimate goal of such study, a full‐cell is assembled and evaluated by coupling tin anode with magnesiated Zr‐NVO cathode. The cell has been cycled for a limited number of cycles and the reason behind the limited cycling behaviour is discussed and offers us a pathway to a resolution of the problem for rechargeable magnesium‐ion battery development in the near future.
Sustainable employee green behavior in the workplace: Integrating cognitive and non‐cognitive factors in corporate environmental policy
Authors: Sabbir Md. Mahiuddin , Taufique Khan Md Raziuddin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSustaining employee green behavior (EGB) in the workplace requires an inclusive understanding of the factors that induce it. This study aims to bridge the gap of scarce research on task‐related EGB by integrating both cognitive and non‐cognitive factors as an extension to the theory of planned behavior. Task‐related EGB refers to employees pro‐environmental behaviors performed as part of routine tasks and roles. Using principal component analysis and structural equation modeling, the survey findings from 302 employee participants reveal that both cognitive and non‐cognitive factors significantly influence the task‐related EGB. In addition to this theoretical contribution, this study's findings suggest that creating positive environmental attitudes and habits via pro‐environmental policies, procedures, and practices in the workplace can enhance employees' task‐related EGB. The provision of access to information, training, and other resources regarding pro‐environmental behavior in the workplace may also have an impact. Besides, the results validate the underexplored mediating role of environmental attitudes and pro‐environmental habits between individual‐level predictors and task‐related EGB in the workplace. Lastly, this study's findings offer potential directions for further research in relation to EGB in the workplace.
Differential Effect of Azetidine Substitution in Firefly Luciferin Analogues
Authors: Ikeda Yuma , Orioka Mariko , Nomoto Takahiro , Hiruta Yuki , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Citterio Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReplacing an N,N‐dimethylamino group in a classical fluorophore with a four membered azetidine ring provides an improved luminescence quantum yield. Herein, we extended this strategy to bioluminescent firefly luciferin analogues and evaluated its general validity. For this purpose, four types of luciferin cores were employed, and a total of eight analogues were evaluated. Among these analogues, unexpectedly, only the benzothiazole core analogue benefited from an azetidine substitution and showed enhanced bioluminescence. In addition, fluorescence measurements revealed that an azetidine substitution improved the fluorescence quantum yield by 2.3‐times compared to a N,N‐dimethylamino group. These findings clarify the differential effects of azetidine substituents in luciferins and present one possible strategy for enhancing photon output in benzothiazole type luciferins through a synthetic approach.
Atypical and Asymmetric 1,3‐P,N Ligands: Synthesis, Coordination and Catalytic Performance of Cycloiminophosphanes
Authors: Rong Mark K. , Holtrop Flip , Bobylev Eduard O. , Nieger Martin , Ehlers Andreas W. , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel seven‐membered cyclic imine‐based 1,3‐P,N ligands were obtained by capturing a Beckmann nitrilium ion intermediate generated in situ from cyclohexanone with benzotriazole, and then displacing it by a secondary phosphane under triflic acid promotion. These “cycloiminophosphanes” possess flexible non‐isomerizable tetrahydroazepine rings with a high basicity; this sets them apart from previously reported iminophophanes. The donor strength of the ligands was investigated by using their P‐κ1‐ and P,N‐κ2‐tungsten(0) carbonyl complexes, by determining the IR frequency of the trans‐CO ligands. Complexes with [RhCp*Cl2]2 demonstrated the hemilability of the ligands, giving a dynamic equilibrium of κ1 and κ2 species; treatment with AgOTf gives full conversion to the κ2 complex. The potential for catalysis was shown in the RuII‐catalyzed, solvent‐free hydration of benzonitrile and the RuII‐ and IrI‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of cyclohexanone in isopropanol. Finally, to enable access to asymmetric catalysts, chiral cycloiminophosphanes were prepared from l‐menthone, as well as their P,N‐κ2‐RhIII and a P‐κ1‐RuII complexes.
Backbonding in Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Diarsenido Complexes with tBuNC and CO
Authors: Tarlton Michael L. , Yu Xiaojuan , Ward Robert J. , Kelley Steven P. , Autschbach Jochen , Walensky Justin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coordination of tBuNC and CO with the diarsenido complexes (C5Me5)2An(η2‐As2Mes2), An=Th, U, has been investigated. For the first time, a comparison between isostructural complexes of ThIV and UIV has been possible with CO; density functional calculations indicated an appreciable amount of π backbonding that originates from charge transfer from an actinide‐arsenic sigma bond. The calculated CO stretching frequencies in the ThIV and UIV diarsenido complexes are consistent with the experimental measurements, both show large shifts to lower frequency. We demonstrate that the π backbonding is crucial to explaining the red shifts of CO frequency upon AnIV complex formation. Interestingly, this interaction essentially correlates to the parallel orientation of π*(C−O) orbitals relative to the An−As bond.
Birch allergen challenges in allergic conjunctivitis using standard conjunctival allergen challenge and environmental exposure chamber
Authors: Gherasim Alina , Fauquert Jean‐Luc , Domis Nathalie , Siomboing Xavier , de Blay Frederic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental exposure chambers (EECs) have been used extensively to study allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Few studies have been published using EECs in conjunctivitis only, and none have used conjunctival allergen challenge as a selection criterion. The present study validated ALYATEC EEC in allergic conjunctivitis to birch pollen.MethodsSixteen patients with a positive conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC) were exposed to 60 ng/m3 of Bet v 1 in an EEC on two consecutive days for a maximum of 4 h to validate EEC exposure to birch. Reproducibility was tested among seven of the patients. A conjunctival positive scoring during the CAC and the EEC exposure was defined as a Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS) ≥ 5.ResultsFifty percent of patients had a conjunctival positive scoring during first exposure and 75% during second exposure. The mean time to a conjunctival response was 81.2 ± 33.9 min and 101.6 ± 57 (P > 0.05) during first and second exposure, respectively. No difference in TOSS occurred between the two exposures. The time necessary to obtain a positive response during the CAC was significantly shorter than with the EEC. The estimated quantity of Bet v 1 inducing a positive response was 0.07 ± 0.03 ng (exposure 1), 0.07 ± 0.07 ng (exposure 2), 980 ± 784 ng (CAC). Conjunctival positive scoring and quantity of Bet v 1 was reproducible in all six EEC exposures.ConclusionsEarly conjunctival responses induced by birch allergen exposures in EEC were different than from those identified with direct instillation during CAC. EEC appears to be closer to natural exposure than CAC.
Efficacy and safety of intralymphatic immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aini Nor Rahimah , Mohd Noor Norhayati , Md Daud Mohd Khairi , Wise Sarah K. , Abdullah Baharudin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is a potential treatment option for allergic rhinitis (AR). We aimed to determine the efficacy (primary outcomes) and safety (secondary outcomes) of ILIT in treating patients with AR.MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed using MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (from their inception to December 2020). A random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019126271).ResultsWe retrieved a total of 285 articles, of which 11 satisfied our inclusion criteria. There were 452 participants with age ranged from 15 to 58 years old. Intralymphatic immunotherapy was given in three doses with intervals of four weeks between doses in 10 trials. One trial gave three and six doses with an interval of two weeks. Both primary and secondary outcomes showed no difference between ILIT and placebo for all trials. There was no difference in the combined symptoms and medication score (SMD ‐0.51, 95% CI −1.31 to 0.28), symptoms score (SMD −0.27, 95% CI −0.91 to 0.38), medication score (SMD −6.56, 95% CI −21.48 to 8.37), rescue medication (RR 12.32, 95% CI 0.72–211.79) and the overall improvement score (MD −0.07, 95% CI −2.28 to 2.14) between ILIT and placebo. No major adverse events noted.ConclusionsIntralymphatic immunotherapy possibly has a role in the treatment of AR patients. This review found it is safe but not effective, which could be contributed by the high variation amongst the trials. Future trials should involve larger numbers of participants and report standardized administration of ILIT and outcome measures.
FOXM1 Inhibitors as Potential Diagnostic Agents: First Generation of a PET Probe Targeting FOXM1 To Detect Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pérez David J. , Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili Seyed , Bergman Cody , Dufour Jennifer , Wuest Melinda , Juengling Freimut D. , Wuest Frank , Velázquez‐Martínez Carlos A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe FOXM1 protein controls the expression of essential genes related to cancer cell cycle progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We hypothesize that FOXM1 inhibitors could represent a novel approach to develop 18F‐based radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Therefore, in this report we describe the first attempt to use 18F‐labeled FOXM1 inhibitors to detect triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Briefly, we replaced the original amide group in the parent drug FDI‐6 for a ketone group in the novel AF‐FDI molecule, to carry out an aromatic nucleophilic (18F)‐fluorination. AF‐FDI dissociated the FOXM1‐DNA complex, decreased FOXM1 levels, and inhibited cell proliferation in a TNBC cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). [18F]AF‐FDI was internalized in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Cell uptake inhibition experiments showed that AF‐FDI and FDI‐6 significantly decreased the maximum uptake of [18F]AF‐FDI, suggesting specificity towards FOXM1. [18F]AF‐FDI reached a tumor uptake of SUV=0.31 in MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing mice and was metabolically stable 60 min post‐injection. These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential role of FOXM1 to develop PET radiotracers.
Role of Solvent in Electron‐Phonon Relaxation Dynamics in Core‐Shell Au−SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Gogoi Hemen , Maddala Bala Gopal , Ali Fariyad , Datta Anindya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRelaxation dynamics of plasmons in Au−SiO2 core‐shell nanoparticles have been followed by femtosecond pump‐probe technique. The effect of excitation pump energy and surrounding medium on the time constants associated with the hot electron relaxation has been elucidated. A gradual increase in the electron‐phonon relaxation time with pump energy is observed and can be attributed to the higher perturbation of the electron distribution in AuNPs at higher pump energy. Variation in time constants for the electron‐phonon relaxation in different solvents is rationalized on the basis of their thermal conductivities, which govern the rate of dissipation of heat of photoexcited electrons in the nanoparticles. On the other hand, phonon‐phonon relaxation is found to be much less effective than electron‐phonon relaxation for the dissipation of energy of the excited electron and the time constants associated with it remain unaffected by thermal conductivity of the solvent.
On‐farm conservation priorities through a multicriteria monospecific approach
Authors: García Rosa María , Parra‐Quijano Mauricio , Martínez‐Fernández Jesús , Iriondo José María 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLandraces are key plant genetic resources because of their adaptation to the local environment, which makes them likely to contain alleles or gene complexes that confer local adaptation. After massive loss of landraces in the past century, the diversity that persists in farms is currently threatened and, thus, it must be safeguarded with the highest priority. On‐farm conservation is an important management approach that allows landraces to evolve according to environmental changes. A methodological approach to systematic identification of the most appropriate areas (MAPAs) for on‐farm conservation of landraces is presented, using Spanish tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces as a case study. Among a set of potential factors that might condition the selection of the MAPAs, a panel of experts determined that the most important criteria in the assessment of the MAPAs were related to agrobiodiversity and to ecogeographical parameters. For each important criterion, a specific 5‐ by 5‐km resolution GIS layer was created, and six different prioritization strategies were applied on the area of study to obtain a final priority value per cell and then an average priority value per county. The MAPAs were assigned to the counties with the highest average priority values according to the selected strategy. They were widely distributed in rural areas across the Iberian Peninsula mainly in the autonomous communities of Valencia, the Basque Country, Extremadura, northern Andalusia, Catalonia, northern Aragon, and western Castilla‐La Mancha. The methodological approach and priority counties identified could be used by governmental agencies to allocate in situ conservation projects.
Effect of missing values in multi‐environmental trials on variance component estimates
Authors: Hartung Jens , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA common task in the analysis of multi‐environmental trials (MET) by linear mixed models (LMM) is the estimation of variance components (VCs). Most often, MET data are imbalanced (e.g., due to selection). The imbalance mechanism can be missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), or missing not at random. If the missing‐data pattern in MET was caused by selection, it is usually MAR. In this case, likelihood‐based methods are the preferred methods for analysis as they can account for a MAR data pattern. Likelihood‐based methods used to estimate VCs in LMM have the property that all VC estimates are constrained to be non‐negative; thus, the estimators are generally biased. Therefore, there are two potential causes of bias in MET analysis: a data pattern not being MCAR, and the bias of likelihood‐based VC estimators. The current study tries to dissect and quantify both possible sources of bias. A simulation study with MET data typical of cultivar evaluation trials was conducted in which the missing data pattern and the size of VCs were varied. The results showed that for the simulated MET, bias in VC estimates was similar under MCAR and MAR. Thus, the bias is solely due to the likelihood‐based estimation. Bias increases when increasing the ratio of genotype variance to error variance is small. Bias was similar for MAR and MCAR data patterns. Thus, it may be concluded that selection does not increase bias in VC estimation.
Performance and Stability of Polymer:Nonfullerene Solar Cells with 100 °C‐Annealed Electron‐Collecting Combination Layers
Authors: Lee Woongki , Kim Hwajeong , Lee Chulyeon , Lee Sooyong , Kim Taehoon , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Youngkyoo Kim at the Kyungpook National University. The image shows the improved electron transfer by hybrid combination layers featuring peculiar morphology for better efficiency and stability in polymer solar cells. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100841.
Antibodies against type I interferon: detection and association with severe clinical outcome in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Goncalves David , Mezidi Mehdi , Bastard Paul , Perret Magali , Saker Kahina , Fabien Nicole , Pescarmona Rémi , Lombard Christine , Walzer Thierry , Casanova Jean‐Laurent , Belot Alexandre , Richard Jean‐Christophe , Trouillet‐Assant Sophie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesImpairment of type I interferon (IFN‐I) immunity has been reported in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. This defect can be explained in a subset of patients by the presence of circulating autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) against IFN‐I. We set out to improve the detection and the quantification of IFN‐I auto‐Abs in a cohort of critically ill COVID‐19 patients, in order to better evaluate the prevalence of these Abs as the pandemic progresses, and how they correlate with the clinical course of the disease.MethodsThe concentration of anti‐IFN‐α2 Abs was determined in the serum of 84 critically ill COVID‐19 patients who were admitted to ICU in Hospices Civils de Lyon, France, using a commercially available kit (Thermo Fisher, Catalog #BMS217).ResultsA total of 21 of 84 (25%) critically ill COVID‐19 patients had circulating anti‐IFN‐α2 Abs above cut‐off (> 34 ng mL−1). Among them, 15 of 21 had Abs with neutralising activity against IFN‐α2, that is 15 of 84 (18%) critically ill patients. In addition, we noticed an impairment of the IFN‐I response in the majority of patients with neutralising anti‐IFN‐α2 Abs. There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics or outcome of with or without neutralising anti‐IFN‐α2 auto‐Abs. We detected anti‐IFN‐α2 auto‐Abs in COVID‐19 patients' sera throughout their ICU stay. Finally, we also found auto‐Abs against multiple subtypes of IFN‐I including IFN‐ω.ConclusionsWe reported that 18% of critically ill COVID‐19 patients were positive for IFN‐I auto‐Abs, whereas all mild COVID‐19 patients were negative, confirming that the presence of these antibodies is associated with a higher risk of developing a critical COVID‐19 form.
Functions of noncoding RNAs in glial development
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Yu Haoyang , Huang Hao , Shu Pengcheng , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlia are widely distributed in the central nervous system and are closely related to cell metabolism, signal transduction, support, cell migration, and other nervous system development processes and functions. Glial development is complex and essential, including the processes of proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and requires precise regulatory networks. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be deeply involved in glial development through gene regulation. Here, we review the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in glial development. We briefly describe the classification and functions of noncoding RNAs and focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), which have been reported to participate extensively during glial formation. The highlight of this summary is that miRNAs and lncRNAs can participate in and regulate the signaling pathways of glial development. The review not only describes how noncoding RNAs participate in nervous system development but also explains the processes of glial development, providing a foundation for subsequent studies on glial development and new insights into the pathogeneses of related neurological diseases.