bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density and mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone—A review
Authors: Öhman‐Mägi Caroline , Holub Ondrej , Wu Dan , Hall Richard M. , Persson Cecilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBeing able to predict the mechanical properties of vertebrae in patients with osteoporosis and other relevant pathologies is essential to prevent fractures and to develop the most favorable fracture treatments. Furthermore, a reliable prediction is important for developing more patient‐ and pathology‐specific biomaterials. A plethora of studies correlating bone density to mechanical properties has been reported; however, the results are variable, due to a variety of factors, including anatomical site and methodological differences. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature review on density and mechanical properties of human vertebral trabecular bone as well as relationships found between these properties. A literature search was performed to include studies, which investigated mechanical properties and bone density of trabecular bone. Only studies on vertebral trabecular bone tissue, reporting bone density or mechanical properties, were kept.A large variation in reported vertebral trabecular bone densities, mechanical properties, and relationships between the two was found, as exemplified by values varying between 0.09 and 0.35 g/cm3 for the wet apparent density and from 0.1 to 976 MPa for the elastic modulus. The differences were found to reflect variations in experimental and analytical processes that had been used, including testing protocol and specimen geometry. The variability in the data decreased in studies where bone tissue testing occurred in a standardized manner (eg, the reported differences in average elastic modulus decreased from 400% to 10%). It is important to take this variability into account when analyzing the predictions found in the literature, for example, to calculate fracture risk, and it is recommended to use the models suggested in the present review to reduce data variability.
Prevalence of Single‐Sided Deafness in the United States
Authors: Kay‐Rivest Emily , Irace Alexandria L. , Golub Justin S. , Svirsky Mario A. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of single‐sided deafness (SSD) prevalence in the adult U.S. population.MethodsA cross‐sectional national epidemiologic study was performed. Participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Each cohort includes a nationally representative sample of approximately 5,000 noninstitutionalized civilians. Subjects 20 years old and over with audiometric testing were included. SSD was defined as normal hearing (pure‐tone average [PTA] of ≤25 dB) in one ear and severe or worse hearing (PTA > 70 dB) in the other, using both three‐ and four‐frequency PTA definition. Prevalence was measured as a raw number (n) and percentage (%) of the sample. Weighted estimates of prevalence were calculated based on the 2019 U.S. population census.ResultsAn estimated 345,064 Americans (estimated prevalence of 0.14%, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.24) had SSD. SSD was more prevalent in individuals 60 to 79 years of age (estimated 155,917 U.S. adults, prevalence of 0.25%). A higher prevalence of SSD was noted among women compared to men (215,430 U.S. adult women, prevalence of 0.17% vs. 131,726 U.S. adult men, prevalence of 0.11%). Using a three‐frequency PTA definition resulted in an estimated prevalence of 0.11%. Finally, 27% of adults with SSD reported having “good” or “excellent” hearing despite their hearing loss.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SSD in the United States is estimated at 0.11%–0.14% (271,122 to 345,064 adults), depending on PTA definition used. These individuals could potentially benefit from auditory rehabilitation, including cochlear implantation.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 132:1652–1656, 2022
Proanthocyanidins mitigate bile acid‐induced changes in GSTT2 levels in a panel of racially diverse patient‐derived primary esophageal cell cultures
Authors: Weh Katherine M. , Turgeon Danielle K. , Rubenstein Joel H. , Clarke Jennifer L. , Howell Amy B. , Chang Andrew C. , Kresty Laura A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPersistent and symptomatic reflux of gastric and duodenal contents, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is the strongest risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite similar rates of GERD and other risk factors across racial groups, EAC progression disproportionately impacts Caucasians. We recently reported that elevated tissue levels of the detoxification enzyme GSTT2 in the esophagi of Blacks compared to Caucasians may contribute protection. Herein, we extend our research to investigate whether cranberry proanthocyanidins (C‐PAC) mitigate bile acid‐induced damage and GSTT2 levels utilizing a racially diverse panel of patient‐derived primary esophageal cultures. We have shown that C‐PACs mitigate reflux‐induced DNA damage through GSTT2 upregulation in a rat esophageal reflux model, but whether effects are recapitulated in humans or differentially based on race remains unknown. We isolated normal primary esophageal cells from Black and Caucasian patients and assessed GSTT2 protein levels and cellular viability following exposure to a bile acid cocktail with and without C‐PAC treatment. Constitutive GSTT2 levels were significantly elevated in Black (2.9‐fold) compared to Caucasian patients, as were GSTT2 levels in Black patients with GERD. C‐PAC treatment induced GSTT2 levels 1.6‐fold in primary normal esophageal cells. GSTT2 induction by C‐PAC was greatest in cells with constitutively low GSTT2 expression. Overall, C‐PAC mitigated bile‐induced reductions of GSTT2 and subsequent loss of cell viability regardless of basal GSTT2 expression or race. These data support that C‐PAC may be a safe efficacious agent to promote epithelial fitness through GSTT2 induction and in turn protect against bile acid‐induced esophageal injury.
Competition between the stabilizing effects of saturated alkyl substituents and pi bonds on complexes of silver ion (Ag+) with alkenes
Authors: Breton Gary W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coordination of Ag+ ions to alkenes is of both theoretical and practical interest. While much attention has been paid to how the nature of the C=C π bond affects the coordinative process, little attention has been directed toward the effect of saturated side chains on complex stabilization despite experimental evidence suggesting its importance. Calculations employing the M06‐2X DFT functional have revealed that saturated chains can exhibit as powerful a stabilizing effect on Ag+/alkene complex formation as increased alkyl substitution about the C=C bond. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis confirms the mechanism of stabilization to be that of agostic interactions of properly‐oriented CH σ‐bonds in the saturated chain with the Ag+ ion. Analysis by the extended transition state energy decomposition approach with the natural orbital for chemical valence method (ETS‐NOCV) and the reduced density gradient (RDG) model were used to better characterize the nature of the interaction as a near equivalent combination of electrostatic and orbital interactions.
Seismic savanna: machine learning for classifying wildlife and behaviours using ground‐based vibration field recordings
Authors: Szenicer Alexandre , Reinwald Michael , Moseley Ben , Nissen‐Meyer Tarje , Mutinda Muteti Zachary , Oduor Sandy , McDermott‐Roberts Alex , Baydin Atilim G. , Mortimer Beth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe develop a machine learning approach to detect and discriminate elephants from other species, and to recognise important behaviours such as running and rumbling, based only on seismic data generated by the animals. We demonstrate our approach using data acquired in the Kenyan savanna, consisting of 8000 h seismic recordings and 250 k camera trap pictures. Our classifiers, different convolutional neural networks trained on seismograms and spectrograms, achieved 80%–90% balanced accuracy in detecting elephants up to 100 m away, and over 90% balanced accuracy in recognising running and rumbling behaviours from the seismic data. We release the dataset used in this study: SeisSavanna represents a unique collection of seismic signals with the associated wildlife species and behaviour. Our results suggest that seismic data offer substantial benefits for monitoring wildlife, and we propose to further develop our methods using dense arrays that could result in a seismic shift for wildlife monitoring.
Advances Towards the Synthesis of Aporphine Alkaloids: C‐Ring Formation via Approaches Based on One‐ and Two‐Bond Disconnections
Authors: Silva Tamiris R. C. , Rita Bruno H. , Raminelli Cristiano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAporphine compounds constitute a class of substances with important pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antiviral, anti‐HIV, anti‐inflammatory, and leishmanicidal activities. Consequently, several strategies to obtain the aporphine core have been reported. Herein this review, we provide an overview of two relevant approaches used to construct the C‐ring in the synthetic routes developed. The first approach, which is based on a one‐bond disconnection, allows C‐ring formation using a 1‐benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline intermediate (mainly) employing cyclization reactions catalyzed by metals or promoted by light. The second approach, which is derived from a two‐bond disconnection, leads to C‐ring formation via a sequence of reactions starting with [4+2] cycloadditions. Through these approaches, aporphinoids with a diverse range of substitution patterns and biological activities can be synthesized.
Dilatonic (Anti-)de Sitter black holes and Weak Gravity Conjecture
Authors: Benakli Karim , Branchina Carlo , Lafforgue-Marmet Gaëtan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory with non-trivial dilaton potential is known to admit asymptotically flat and (Anti-)de Sitter charged black hole solutions. We investigate the conditions for the presence of horizons as function of the parameters mass M, charge Q and dilaton coupling strength α. We observe that there is a value of α which separate two regions, one where the black hole is Reissner-Nordström-like from a region where it is Schwarzschild-like. We find that for de Sitter and small non-vanishing α, the extremal case is not reached by the solution. We also discuss the attractive or repulsive nature of the leading long distance interaction between two such black holes, or a test particle and one black hole, from a world-line effective field theory point of view. Finally, we discuss possible modifications of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in the presence of both a dilatonic coupling and a cosmological constant.
D-instantons, string field theory and two dimensional string theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In [4] Balthazar, Rodriguez and Yin (BRY) computed the one instanton contribution to the two point scattering amplitude in two dimensional string theory to first subleading order in the string coupling. Their analysis left undetermined two constants due to divergences in the integration over world-sheet variables, but they were fixed by numerically comparing the result with that of the dual matrix model. If we consider n-point scattering amplitudes to the same order, there are actually four undetermined constants in the world-sheet approach. We show that using string field theory we can get finite unambiguous values of all of these constants, and we explicitly compute three of these four constants. Two of the three constants determined this way agree with the numerical result of BRY within the accuracy of numerical analysis, but the third constant seems to differ by 1/2. We also discuss a shortcut to determining the fourth constant if we assume the equality of the quantum corrected D-instanton action and the action of the matrix model instanton. This also agrees with the numerical result of BRY.
Dynamics of tilted atmospheric vortices under asymmetric diabatic heating
Authors: Dörffel Tom , Papke Ariane , Klein Rupert , Ernst Natalia , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPäschke et al. (J Fluid Mech, 2012) studied the nonlinear dynamics of strongly tilted vortices subject to asymmetric diabatic heating by asymptotic methods. They found, inter alia, that an azimuthal Fourier mode 1 heating pattern can intensify or attenuate such a vortex depending on the relative orientation of the tilt and the heating asymmetries. The theory originally addressed the gradient wind regime which, asymptotically speaking, corresponds to vortex Rossby numbers of order unity in the limit. Formally, this restricts the applicability of the theory to rather weak vortices. It is shown below that said theory is, in contrast, uniformly valid for vanishing Coriolis parameter and thus applicable to vortices up to low hurricane strengths. An extended discussion of the asymptotics as regards their physical interpretation and their implications for the overall vortex dynamics is also provided in this context. The paper’s second contribution is a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations examining the effect of different orientations of dipolar diabatic heating on idealized tropical cyclones. Comparisons with numerical solutions of the asymptotic equations yield evidence that supports the original theoretical predictions of Päschke et al. In addition, the influence of asymmetric diabatic heating on the time evolution of the vortex centerline is further analyzed, and a steering mechanism that depends on the orientation of the heating dipole is revealed. Finally, the steering mechanism is traced back to the correlation of dipolar perturbations of potential temperature, induced by the vortex tilt, and vertical velocity, for which diabatic heating not necessarily needs to be responsible, but which may have other origins.
Prevalence of symptomatic axial osteoarthritis phenotypes in Spain and associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables
Authors: Silva-Díaz Maite , Blanco Francisco J. , Quevedo Vila Víctor , Seoane-Mato Daniel , Pérez-Ruiz Fernando , Juan-Mas Antonio , Pego-Reigosa José M. , Narváez Javier , Quilis Neus , Cortés Raúl , Romero Pérez Antonio , Fábregas Canales Dolores , Font Gayá Teresa , Bordoy Ferrer Carolina , Prado-Galbarro Francisco Javier , Sánchez-Piedra Carlos , Díaz-González Federico , Bustabad-Reyes Sagrario ,   on behalf of the Working Group Proyecto EPISER2016
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
Axial osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of back and neck pain, however, few studies have examined its prevalence. The aim was to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of symptomatic axial OA in Spain.

Methods
EPISER2016 is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study of people aged 40 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to complete rheumatic disease screening questionnaires. Two phenotypes were analyzed, patients with Non-exclusive axial OA (NEA-OA) and Exclusive axial OA (EA-OA). To calculate the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI), the sample design was considered and weighting was calculated according to age, sex and geographic origin.

Results
Prevalence of NEA-OA by clinical or clinical-radiographic criteria was 19.17% (95% CI: 17.82–20.59). The frequency of NEA-OA increased with age (being 3.6 times more likely in patients aged 80 s or more than in those between 40 and 49 years) and body mass index. It was significantly more frequent in women, as well as in the center of Spain. It was less frequent in those with a higher level of education. Lumbar OA was more frequent than cervical OA. This difference grew with increasing age and was not associated with gender. It was also greater in overweight and obese subjects.

Conclusions
This is the first study on the prevalence of axial OA phenotypes in Europe describing the associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables.
Decolonizing Philosophy of Technology: Learning from Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Decolonial Technical Design
Authors: Cruz Cristiano Codeiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe decolonial theory understands that Western Modernity keeps imposing itself through a triple mutually reinforcing and shaping imprisonment: coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge, and coloniality of being. Technical design has an essential role in either maintaining or overcoming coloniality. In this article, two main approaches to decolonizing the technical design are presented. First is Yuk Hui’s and Ahmed Ansari’s proposals that, revisiting or recovering the different histories and philosophies of technology produced by humankind, intend to decolonize the minds of philosophers and engineers/architects/designers as a pre-condition for such decolonial designs to take place. I call them top-down approaches. Second is some technical design initiatives that, being developed alongside marginalized/subalternate people, intend to co-construct decolonial sociotechnical solutions through a committed, decolonizing, and careful dialog of knowledge. I call them bottom-up approaches. Once that is done, the article’s second half derives ontological, epistemological, and political consequences from the conjugation of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Such consequences challenge some established or not yet entirely overcome understandings in the philosophy of technology (PT) and, in so doing, are meant to represent some steps in PT’s decolonization. Even though both top-down and bottom-up approaches are considered, the article’s main contributions are associated with (bottom-up) decolonial technical design practices, whose methodologies and outcomes are important study cases for PT and whose practitioners (i.e., decolonial designers) can be taken as inspiring examples for philosophers who want to decolonize/enlarge PT or make it decolonial (that is, a way of fostering decoloniality).
Innovation and economic crisis in transition economies
Authors: Friz Katharina , Günther Jutta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on Schumpeterian theoretical considerations, this paper investigates the innovation behavior of firms during the severe economic crisis of the year 2008/2009. It focuses on transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which have completely restructured their innovation systems through the course of transition from planned to market economies a relatively short time ago. As a result of the crisis, we observe a strong decline of innovation activity in all transition economies. In line with the literature, there is, however, empirical evidence for both creative destruction as well as creative accumulation. This underlines two key findings: firstly, the universality and durability of Schumpeterian assumptions, and secondly, a call for anti-cyclical innovation policy.
Effects of transdiagnostic group treatment for sleep disturbances in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and autistic spectrum disorder: a pilot study
Authors: Ishii Miho , Ito Wakako , Karube Yuki , Ogawa Yuko , Tagawa Anna , Maeda Shunta , Sato Hideki , Takahashi Toru , Inomata Natsumi , Narisawa Hajime , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Watanabe Koichiro , Okajima Isa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have sleep problems, few studies have verified the effect of a psychological approach specific to sleep–wake rhythms on these sleep disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to develop a trans-diagnostic approach with sleep scheduling and regularity of sleep duration as core modules, and to examine the effect of the intervention in adult ADHD and/or ASD subjects with sleep disturbances. This was a within-group pilot study. Ten patients with adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances (10 males, age: 27.4 ± 5.6 years) took part in a 90-min weekly group intervention for 5 weeks. All participants were assessed on scales for sleep complaints, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of ADHD and ASD before and after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. The results showed that the intervention significantly improved sleep disturbances at post-intervention (p = 0.003, d = 1.30, 95% CI 0.31–2.28) and at the 3-month follow-up (p = 0.035, d = 0.41, 95% CI − 0.48 to 1.30). In addition, attention switching for ASD symptoms was significantly reduced post-intervention (p = 0.031, d = 1.16, 95% CI 0.19–2.13). This is the first pilot study of a trans-diagnostic group approach for adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances. The intervention primarily led to an improvement of sleep disturbances, followed by improvement of disease-specific symptoms in adult subjects with ADHD and ASD.
Mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether
Authors: Sun Sheng-nan , Pan Yu-long , Su Zhi-bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents the mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether. In which, in-plane and out-of-plane coupling of tether is taken into account. And the coupled vibration equations of tether for the in-plane first mode and out-of-plane first mode are obtained. The one-to-one mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether are studied by numerical analysis method. It is shown that, when the conditions of modal coupling internal resonance are met, with the increase of the external excitation amplitude of the tether, the mid-span displacement of the tether increases gradually. When the amplitude of external excitation is less than a certain value, the internal resonance of tether will not occur. With the increase of damping ratio, the mid-span displacement of the tether decreases gradually. When the damping ratio increases to a certain value, the internal resonance will not occur. The study is helpful to restrain the vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether.
The Political Economy of Circular Economies: Lessons from Future Repair Scenario Deliberations in Sweden
Authors: Niskanen Johan , McLaren Duncan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dominant technocratic and neoliberal imaginary of a circular economy dependent on corporate leadership, market mechanisms, and changed consumer behaviour is here explored using the findings of deliberative stakeholder workshops examining diverse scenarios for the promotion of repair as part of a circular economy. Stakeholder responses to four scenarios—digital circularity, planned circularity, circular modernism, and bottom-up sufficiency—are described with reference to the ideologies, interests, and institutions involved. We distinguish two levels of discourse in the stakeholder discussions. The main narrative in which individualist and consumerist ideologies dominate, even within ideals of sustainability, reflects a conjunction of corporate, labour, and public interests in the market liberal social democratic state, with proposed interventions focused on the institutions of markets and education. A subaltern narrative present in the margins of the discussions challenges the consumerist and productivist presumptions of the market liberal political economy and hints at more transformative change. These conflicting responses not only cast light on the ways in which the political economy of contemporary Sweden (within the European Union) constrains and conditions current expectations and imaginaries of circularity, but also suggest ways in which the future political economy of circular economies might be contested and evolve.