bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Greenness on Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for Depressive Disorder: a Global Analysis
Authors: Asri Aji Kusumaning , Tsai Hui-Ju , Lee Hsiao-Yun , Chang Hao-Ting , Wong Pei-Yi , Lung Shih-Chun Candice , Pan Wen-Chi , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Yu Chia-Pin , Wu Chi-Shin , Su Huey-Jen , Wu Chih-Da , Spengler John D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
By using country-level data collected from 183 countries worldwide, this ecological study aimed to investigate the association between greenness and depressive disorders globally. We used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to estimate greenness exposure. The disability-adjusted life years (DALY) provided by the World Health Organization was used as a proxy for health burden due to depressive disorders. A linear mixed model algorithm was used to assess the association after controlling for pertinent covariates. Stratified analyses were then conducted to determine the effects of greenness on different groups, stratified by age, sex, economic status, urbanization level, and continent, respectively. The main findings show a significant negative association between greenness and depressive disorders with an NDVI coefficient of -0.58 (95% CI: -1.06, -0.10) for change in DALY. The results from the subgroup analyses suggested significant beneficial effects of greenness on depressive disorders across sex, various age groups, and especially for those aged less than 49 years, with low-income and/or those living in highly urbanized countries as well as Asian, African, and American regions. In short, the findings can add additional evidence of the possible benefits of green exposure on mental health and further reduces the risk of depressive disorders.
A UCMPs@MIL-100 based thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor for effective detection of β-lactoglobulin allergen in milk products
Authors: Hong Liping , Pan Mingfei , Xie Xiaoqian , Liu Kaixin , Yang Jingying , Wang Shan , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor was developed for the specific detection of β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) allergen in milk products. The metal-organic frameworks (MIL-100) with a high specific surface area was coated on the surface of upconversion micro-particles (UCMPs). As the core, an imprinted polymer layer allowing for swelling and shrinking with response to temperature was prepared, which exhibited high adsorption and mass transfer capabilities for β-LG allergen. The fluorescence intensity of UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP decreased linearly with the concentration of β-LG in the range of 0.1–0.8 mg mL− 1 with detection limit of 0.043 mg mL− 1. The imprinting factor reached 3.415, which indicated excellent specificity of the UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP for β-LG allergen. In the analysis of β-LG allergen in actual milk samples, the proposed UCMPs@MIL-100@MIP fluorescence sensor produced reliable and accurate results (recovery: 86.0–98.4%, RSD: 2.8–6.8%), closely related to the results of standard HPLC method (correlation coefficient: 0.9949), indicating its feasibility in the detection of β-LG allergen.
Multi-ocular Organoids from Human iPS Cells Displayed Retina, Cornea, and RPE Lineages
Authors: Isla-Magrané Helena , Veiga Anna , García-Arumí José , Duarri Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The mammalian eye is a complex organ, comprising different highly specialized tissues derived from various cell linages, including neural ectoderm, surface ectoderm, neural crest and the periocular mesenchyme. Great efforts have been made to design protocols for obtaining ocular cells from human stem cells to model diseases or for regenerative purposes, but the complex crosstalk between ocular cell types driving self-organizing growth is usually limited by restricted experimental designs. Current protocols are overall focused on the isolation of retinal, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or corneal cells. Here, we obtained multi-ocular organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Methods: We sought to establish a simple method to induce eye field-commitment in 2D hiPSC cultures with the aim of obtaining self-organized multi-zone ocular progenitor cells in 3 weeks. From this starting point, we generated 3D multi-ocular organoids from the same culture, recapitulating important cellular features of the developing eye. Results: Self-formed multi-zone ocular progenitors in 2D culture spanned the neuroectoderm, surface ectoderm, neural crest and RPE. After manual isolation and growth in suspension, they develop into different 3D multi-ocular organoids composed of multiple cell lineages: retinal pigment epithelium, retina and cornea which could be also generated individually. Within these organoids, retinal regions display correct layering and harbor all major retinal cell subtypes as well as retinal morphological cues, whereas corneal regions closely resemble the transparent ocular-surface epithelium with characteristics of corneal, limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells. RPE also arranged to form organoids composed of polarized pigmented epithelial cells at the surface, full-filled with collagen matrix. Conclusions: The multi-ocular organoids offer a new platform to study early human eye development and disease, and provide a source of human ocular cells from the same individual.
Biogeneration and physico-chemical properties of panchagavya fortified chicken feather vermicompost
Authors: Arthanari Mohan , Kumar Dhanapalan Senthil , Jayachandran Ravikumar , Yuvaraj Ananthanarayanan , Thangaraj Ramasundaram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An enormous amount of chicken feather waste materials released by the poultry industry creates severe environmental pollution. Vermicomposting is an eco-friendly way to degrade chicken feather waste along with microbial mixture (Panchagavya). Chicken feather waste was pre-decomposed by mixing it with fresh cow dung (T1), dry cow dung (T2), and Panchagavya (T3). Among these, T3 exhibits rapid deterioration of chicken feather waste and seven combination T3 substrates (E0-E6), taken for the vermicomposting process by Eudrilus eugeniae in 60 days. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transforms Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy are used to assess compost maturity. The result shows that E1 (0.050:1 ratio) shows various functional groups, rich nutrients, and necessary acids than other combinations. For large-scale commercial vermi-stabilization of chicken feather waste, the E1 combination is suitable for manure production and thereby enhances soil fertility, agricultural production.
Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms by Flavonoids with Potential
Use for Osteoporosis Prevention or Therapy
Authors: Rodríguez Valeria , Rivoira María , Picotto Gabriela , de Barboza Gabriela Díaz , Collin Alejandro , Tolosa de Talamoni Nori 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide.
Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the
advantage of being safer and less expensive than conventional therapies.

Objective:
The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone
by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date
overview of the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy
bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids
could be useful for osteoporosis treatment.

Methods:
The PubMed database was searched in 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis,
flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones
and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone.

Results:
Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects
on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic
animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength,
which occur through an enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, a
decrease in osteoclastogenesis, as well as an increase in neovascularization on the site of
the osteoporotic fracture.

Conclusion:
Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids
on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they
act as ligands of estrogen receptors remains to be established. More clinical trials are necessary
to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well
as comparative studies with conventional therapies.
Synthesis of Antipsychotic Drug, Cariprazine: An Improved and Commercially
Viable Synthetic Approach
Authors: Singavarapu Adilakshmi , Reddipalli Gowri Sankar , Ghojala Venkat Reddy 
Published: September 2021

:
The novel synthetic route to an antipsychotic drug Cariprazine was developed and demonstrated on a commercial scale. The synthesis of Cariprazine is achieved from N-(4-oxocyclohexyl) acetamide by using various reactions such as Wittig-Horner reaction, reduction of alkene, hydrolysis of ester, deacylation, amidation, reduction of weinreb amide to yield the corresponding aldehyde, and finally reductive amination of aldehyde in presence of the corresponding amine to form Cariprazine. In this article, we report a novel intermediate 2-[trans-4-(3,3-Dimethylureido)cyclohexyl]-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide by avoiding potentially genotoxic substances/intermediates, tedious, drastic reaction conditions.
The High Potency of Polymeric Nanoparticles in the Drug Delivery System
for Hypertension Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammadipour Fatemeh , Kiani Aliasghar , Amin Arash 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Polymeric nanomaterials with sizes ranging from 10 to 1000 nm are one
of the most widely used types of nanoparticles with ideal properties in the drug delivery systems.
Here, we decided to systematically review the antihypertensive effects of polymeric nanomaterials
in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials.

Methods:
The present review was conducted based on the 06- PRISMA guideline; whereas five English
databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without
time limitation were used for searching the publications related to antihypertensive effects of
natural and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles.

Results:
The results demonstrated that among 1701 papers, 25 papers including 11 in vitro (44%),
6 in vivo (24%), 7 in vitro / in vivo (28%), and 1 in vitro / ex vivo (4%) up to 2020, met the inclusion
criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most used nanoparticles were poly-(lactic-
co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle (PLGANPs) (7, 29.2%), chitosan based nanoparticles (6, 25%),
followed by polylactide acid nanoparticles (5, 20.8%).

Conclusion:
We concluded that the high potency of polymeric nanoparticles in the drug delivery
system was for hypertension treatment. Although the accurate mechanisms are not fully understood;
however, some mechanisms, such as sustained release forms with increased bioavailability,
increasing oral bioavailability and improving the oral and non-oral absorption, counteracting excessive
superoxide and decreasing blood pressure, etc. can be related to these nanoparticles.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Temporary Abutments Made of Polyetheretherketone and Photopolymeric Resin
Authors: Barragán-Paredes Maria -Alejandra , Mosquera-Victoria Isabella , Viveros-Rebolledo Carlos Alberto , Rodríguez-Paz Martha Lucia , Muñoz-Velez Mario Fernando , Valencia - Llano Carlos Humberto 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Provisional abutments are widely used in the rehabilitation of dental implants as it allows the use of a provisional crown in order to restore patient aesthetics while the final restoration is being carried out; most of the temporary abutments available on the market are made of titanium alloygrade V (type Ti-6Al-4Va) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a material that exhibits very low adhesion to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Objective:
This research is aimed to compare the mechanical properties of commercially available PEEK abutments and abutments made using an additive technique with photopolymeric resin.

Methods:
Eighteen commercial temporary abutments manufactured in PEEK and eighteen experimental abutments manufactured by 3D printing using photopolymeric resin were used. The two groups of abutments were subjected to compression, bending and adhesion tests using six abutments of each type by test. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 14 software. The data were analyzed by means of the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, as these were two independent samples of reduced size. Values ​​lower than (p <0.05) were considered statistically significant in all tests and rejected the null hypothesis of equality between the group medians.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that it is possible to make abutments with good mechanical properties in photopolymeric resin (CLEAR FLGP04) using additive techniques to be used as temporary abutments.
The Effect of Self-Reported Diabetes on Alveolar Bone Loss and Number of Missing Teeth
Authors: Kayal Rayyan A. , Almutadares Mohammed , Algarni Abdullah , Alfaifi Khalid , Bahammam Maha A. , Alhazzazi Turki Y. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus, a major public health problem worldwide, is a known risk factor for periodontitis.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes on periodontal health in a Saudi population by assessing alveolar bone level, and the number of missing teeth.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the dental records of 203 patients (30–70 years old) patients (diabetic group = 102; control = 101) who visited King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, were examined through panoramic radiography. Bone loss measurements were carried out using the Ramfjord teeth index, and the number of missing teeth was counted for both groups. Independent t-test was used for comparing the total average represented by two group means, while Chi-square test was utilized to establish relationships between categorical variables.

Results:
The diabetic group had a significant 1.35-fold higher mean total bone loss (3.59 ± 1.37) compared to the control (2.66 ± 1.05). This was statistically significant in both genders (p = 001) and in >45 years old age group (p <0.05). The number of missing teeth was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to control patients, specifically when missing >10 teeth and belonging to >55 years old age group (p <0.05).

Conclusion:
Our findings have shown a positive association between periodontal disease and diabetic patients, emphasizing the importance of early screening and diagnosis of diabetes and periodontitis in Saudi Arabia, which would help patients to avoid alveolar bone and tooth loss at early stages.
Spatial Analysis of Perceived Health System Capability and Actual Health System Capacity for COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors: Mokhele Tholang , Sewpaul Ronel , Sifunda Sibusiso , Weir-Smith Gina , Dlamini Simangele , Manyaapelo Thabang , Naidoo Inbarani , Parker Whadi-Ah , Dukhi Natisha , Jooste Sean , Parker Saahier , Zuma Khangelani , Moshabela Mosa , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Reddy Sasiragha P. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
People’s confidence in the health system's capability in managing the COVID-19 pandemic can determine public support, risk perceptions, and compliance to the required behaviors during the pandemic. Therefore, this paper investigated people’s perception of health system capability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in different spatial areas across the country using data from an online survey.

Methods:
Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with people’s perception of the health system capability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic at the national and provincial levels. Spatial comparative analysis was conducted to contrast spatial density indicators of the number of hospitals, hospital beds, and ICU beds per given population across various provinces.

Results:
Findings showed that South Africans had low confidence in the health system capability, with only two in five (40.7%) reporting that they thought that the country’s health system was able to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex and knowledge on COVID-19 were significantly associated with the people’s perception of the health system capability to manage the pandemic at the national level and in four of the nine provinces.

Conclusion:
Overall, the findings of this study clearly highlight challenges facing the country’s health system, both perceived or real, that needed to be addressed as part of the preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic. Timeous implementation of a countrywide National Health Insurance (NHI) system is now more critical than ever in improving healthcare outcomes of the South African population beyond the existence of the COVID-19 epidemic.
C3 Glomerulopathy and Related Disorders in Children
Authors: Wong Edwin K.S. , Marchbank Kevin J. , Lomax-Browne Hannah , Pappworth Isabel Y. , Denton Harriet , Cooke Katie , Ward Sophie , McLoughlin Amy-Claire , Richardson Grant , Wilson Valerie , Harris Claire L. , Morgan B. Paul , Hakobyan Svetlana , McAlinden Paul , Gale Daniel P. , Maxwell Heather , Christian Martin , Malcomson Roger , Goodship Timothy H.J. , Marks Stephen D. , Pickering Matthew C. , Kavanagh David , Cook H. Terence , Johnson Sally A. 
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives
Membranoproliferative GN and C3 glomerulopathy are rare and overlapping disorders associated with dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Specific etiologic data for pediatric membranoproliferative GN/C3 glomerulopathy are lacking, and outcome data are based on retrospective studies without etiologic data.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A total of 80 prevalent pediatric patients with membranoproliferative GN/C3 glomerulopathy underwent detailed phenotyping and long-term follow-up within the National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR). Risk factors for kidney survival were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Kidney and transplant graft survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Central histology review determined 39 patients with C3 glomerulopathy, 31 with immune-complex membranoproliferative GN, and ten with immune-complex GN. Patients were aged 2–15 (median, 9; interquartile range, 7–11) years. Median complement C3 and C4 levels were 0.31 g/L and 0.14 g/L, respectively; acquired (anticomplement autoantibodies) or genetic alternative pathway abnormalities were detected in 46% and 9% of patients, respectively, across all groups, including those with immune-complex GN. Median follow-up was 5.18 (interquartile range, 2.13–8.08) years. Eleven patients (14%) progressed to kidney failure, with nine transplants performed in eight patients, two of which failed due to recurrent disease. Presence of >50% crescents on the initial biopsy specimen was the sole variable associated with kidney failure in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 36.6; P<0.05). Three distinct C3 glomerulopathy prognostic groups were identified according to presenting eGFR and >50% crescents on the initial biopsy specimen.

Conclusions
Crescentic disease was a key risk factor associated with kidney failure in a national cohort of pediatric patients with membranoproliferative GN/C3 glomerulopathy and immune-complex GN. Presenting eGFR and crescentic disease help define prognostic groups in pediatric C3 glomerulopathy. Acquired abnormalities of the alternative pathway were commonly identified but not a risk factor for kidney failure.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli SECARA In Vitro
Authors: Lumban Tobing Rachel Daniella Dinda Maria , Defiani Made Ria , Susun Parwanayoni Ni Made 
Published: September 2021

Daging yang terkontaminasi bakteri berpotensi menimbulkan penyakit yang berbahaya apabila dikonsumsi manusia. Salah satu kuman khususnya bakteri yang mencemari daging baik yang mentah atau daging dengan proses pematangan yang kurang sempurna adalah Escherichia coli. Oleh sebab itu, E. coli perlu diminimalisir dengan cara menghambat pertumbuhannya. Salah satu cara alami untuk menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli adalah dengan uji antibakteri menggunakan asap cair. Asap cair dapat diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dari berbagai biomassa yang mengandung selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin seperti pada tempurung kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.). Asap cair mengandung senyawa fenol dan asam yang bersifat antimikroba dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sumur difusi. Analisis data menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan uji ragam (ANOVA) apabila data memiliki beda nyata pada taraf uji 5% (P?5) maka dilanjutjan uji Duncan. Asap cair tempurung kelapa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E.coli yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat. Konsentrasi asap cair tempurung kelapa yang efektif menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli adalah konsentrasi 50% dengan diameter zona hambat 16,66 mm dan MIC pada konsentrasi 10% dengan diameter zona hambat 9,33 mm. Hasil uji fitokimia asap cair tempurung kelapa positif mengandung senyawa fenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, dan saponin serta kadar fenol 2,403% dan kadar saponin 5,50%.
BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT BERMANFAAT DALAM KEFIR DAN PERANNYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN SALURAN PENCERNAAN
Authors: Prayoga I Putu Aditya , Ramona Yan , Suaskara Ida Bagus Made 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAK
Kefir merupakan produk fermentasi susu yang melibatkan berbagai macam bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dalam fermentasinya. Bakteri asam laktat di dalam kefir telah banyak dilaporkan memberi manfaat menyehatkan bagi saluran pencernaan manusia yang mengonsumsinya, dengan cara mengendalikan atau mengatur populasi bakteri patogen. Telaah ilmiah ini menjabarkan berbagai BAL dan perannya dalam proses pembuatan kefir, mekanisme yang dilakukan BAL dalam mengendalikan populasi patogen dalam saluran pencernaan, serta efek fungsional BAL terhadap produk kefir. Dalam telaah literature ini diperoleh informasi bahwa Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, L. kefiri, L. casei, L. delbrueckii dan L. brevis merupakan kelompok BAL yang paling umum terlibat dalam pembuatan kefir. Spesies–spesies BAL tersebut berperan dalam mengendalikan populasi mikroba saluran pencernaan melalui berbagai mekanisme, seperti produksi asam laktat, etanol, diasetil, hidrogen peroksida, reuterin atau bakteriosin. Efek fungsional yang dapat dilakukan oleh BAL setelah berada di dalam saluran pencernaan antara lain mencegah terjadinya infeksi bakteri patogen, menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, meningkatkan sistem imun, dan sebagai antioksidan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa BAL yang diisolasi dari kefir berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai probiotik potensial dimasa yang akan datang.
Kata Kunci: BAL, kefir, sistem pencernaan manusia