bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF BUNIUM BULBOCASTANUM SEEDS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS
Authors: KHANAL PITAMBAR , PAUDEL NABINA , ARYAL SUSHANT , ARYAL PRAMOD 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of Bunim bulbocastanum seeds extracts, to exploit the medicinal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine scientifically.
Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups, i.e. Group M1 (control group) receiving normal saline, group M2 (test group 1) receiving the 250 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract, group M2 (test group 2) receiving the 500 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract and group M4 (reference) receiving 3 mg/kg P. O Loperamide. Each group of mice with a bodyweight of 1 ml/100 g received castor oil. Mice were sacrificed and the distance traveled by the charcoal meal and the total length of the intestine was then measured. The peristaltic index and percentage of inhibition were calculated by using the formula.
Results: It was found that in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit method extract produced a significant (p<0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in the distance traveled by charcoal meal comparable to the control peak effect was at the dose of 500 mg/kg (PI=12.06±3.38). Likewise, in the diarrheal dropping test, Bunium bulbocastanum extract causes a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of wet feces i.e. the mean wet of feces was decreased from 2.3±0.44 gm to 1.28±0.36 gm i.e. significantly different from that elicited by control (0.80±0.17 gm) (p=0.0081). However, there were no significant differences in inhibition at a dose of 250 mg/kg of extract.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the crude methanol extract from B. bulbocastanum seeds possesses significant antidiarrheal property and the presence of various secondary metabolites. This justified the antidiarrheal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine.
Original Article BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SPONGE SUBERITES CARNOSUS (JOHNSTON) COLLECTED FROM WEST COAST OF MUMBAI, INDIA
Authors: N. S BHADEKAR , G. V. ZODAPE 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from marine Sponge Suberites Carnosus (Johnston) by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) techniques with respect to its pharmacological and biomedical properties.
Methods: The sponge Suberites carnosus (Johnston) was collected during low tides from West Coast of Mumbai. Crude extract was obtained by taking 10 gram of sponge sample in10 ml of methanol. The preparative TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) was performed by using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Diethylamine (7:2:1) (v/v). The isolated compounds were subjected to GC-MS and FTIR analysis.
Results: From the GC-MS and FTIR analysis, total ten compounds were identified. The GC-MS spectra correlate to the mass spectra. The structures of those compounds are 6-Fluoro 2-trifluromethylbenzoic acid,2,3-dichlorophenyl ester, Eicosane 3-cyclohexyl, Phosphine imide, P,P,P,-tris (p-chlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-, Dimethylhyl hexavinyl octasilsesquioxane, Hexanoicacid, hexadecyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid,2-hydroxy1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 9, 19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, acetate, (3β), Tetracosane, 3-ethyl-, 11, 14-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester, Triacontane, 11,20-didecyl-respectively.
Conclusion: The nature and biological properties of the said compounds were determined and it was found that some of them act as a skin irritant. Some of them have fatty, metabolite, and irritant property, whereas some are act as masking and perfuming agents. Some compounds are highly toxic property, whereas others have an effect on health and environmental hazard. Some are highly corrosive in nature, whereas others are Cholesterol and chemotaxonomic significance.
LIPOPHILICITY, AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY, AND DEGREE OF IONIZATION OF ATRACTYLODIN AND β-EUDESMOL, THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ATRACTYLODES LANCEA
Authors: CHEOYMANG ANURAK , NA-BANGCHANG KESARA 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the critical physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, and degree of ionization) of atractylodin and β-eudesmol using in vitro testing.
Methods: Lipophilicity (Log P and Log D) was determined using the shake-flask method (n-octanol/water partition). Aqueous solubility was determined using kinetic solubility assay in media with pH ranging from 1.2 to 7.4. The degree of ionization (pKa) was determined using the potentiometric titration method.
Results: Log P and Log D values of 3.0-5.0 suggested moderate lipophilicity of both compounds. Both exhibited low aqueous solubility over the investigated pH range (0.08-0.93 and 1.97-32.48 μg/ml for atractylodin and β-eudesmol, respectively). Based on the pKa values of 9.63 (atractylodin) and 9.12 (b-eudesmol), both are classified as basidic compounds.
Conclusion: Atractylodin and β-eudesmol are classified as BCS class II drugs. The physicochemical parameters of both compounds obtained from the current study will be further applied for in silico prediction of their ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. In addition, PBPK modeling will be used for the prediction of optimal dose regimens of the capsule formulation of the standardized extract of Atractylodes lancea for first-in-human (FIH) and phase II studies in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION AND SAGITTAL MALOCCLUSIONS: STUDY OF AN ORTHODONTIC POPULATION
Authors: DALLEL INES , KANOUN SANA , NAHDI MARIEM , OMMEZINE MONCEF , TOBJI SAMIR , BEN AMOR ADEL 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the skeletal pattern and angle class with the occlusal plane (OP). This study also examined the effect of orthodontic treatment on this plane.
Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 135 patients were collected. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal, palatal plane (PP), mandibular plane (MP), and the OP were analyzed and compared between several groups and subsequently before and after treatment.
Results: The statistical comparison between 3 skeletal frame groups demonstrates that the cant of the OP showed a major difference. This difference was greater in class III subjects. Examination revealed that the OP was not meaningfully affected within the Angle classification. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between OP steepness and the vertical skeletal pattern. A significant rise of OP/sella-nasion (SN) for class I (p=0.019) and II (p=0.015) after orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients treated with elastics showed a significant decrease of OP/MP (mandibular plane) in Angle class III and considerable increase of OP/SN and OP/PP in Angle class II. Observations of the group treated with bimaxillary extractions showed that OP/SN (sella nasion line) and OP/PP differ in a meaningful way.
Conclusion: This study confirms the association between the skeletal pattern and the OP inclination in adults. Concerning the Angle classification, there was no significant difference between the groups. Orthodontic therapy had an influence on the inclination of this plane for the different malocclusions. Premolars extraction in class I cases significantly modified the OP. For class II and III malocclusions, the OP inclination was mainly altered by the use of intermaxillary traction elastics.
COMPULSORY VOTING AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION
Authors: Richard Stanislas Victor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A prominent defense of compulsory voting is based on the negative effects of a low turnout on democracy, which leads to an unequal representation of the most vulnerable citizens of our societies, since they are the least likely to vote voluntarily. This paper shows that this justification relies on the truth of an added premise—that voting is a proxy for use of political influence and power. However, the inclusion of this premise weakens the entire argument, which regains consistency only through the adoption of a narrow understanding of what representation is.
Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Generasi Amanah Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana , Lestari Anggun 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif di taman kanak-kanak Paud Generasi Amanah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1 orang pengelola dan 2 guru Taman kanak-kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif dengan cara pengumpulan data, reduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Untuk membangun keabsahan penelitian dilakukan dengan cara triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif yang digunakan di Taman Kanak-kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah dibagi menjadi dua jenis 1) indoor yaitu pohon berhitung, papan bergambar, balok, flash card, boneka bayi, latto, peraga wudhu, APE sholat wanita, APE sholat laki-laki, mainan meronce, jam bundar, angklung, gendang, rambu-rambu lalu lintas, lego, puzzle, alat kedokteran, alat bangunan` dan sebagainya, 2) alat permainan edukatif outdoor yaitu ayunan, kumedi putar, bak air, prosotan. Pengelolaan penggunaan APE di Taman Kanak- kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah disesuaikan dengan RPPH (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian) dan dalam penggunaannya disesuaikan dengan ketersediaan alat permainan edukatif baik cara membuat sendiri (kreativitas) atau membeli dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah peserta didik.
The Adoption of Cohesive Devices (CDs) in Indonesian Students of EFL’s Opinion Essays
Authors: Nirwanto Rahmadi 
Published: June 2021

This study aims at investigating the types of cohesive devices (CDs) and the errors in using cohesive devices (CDs) in opinion essays made by the Indonesian students of EFL.The subjects were twenty-six (26) undergraduate program students of EFL enrolled in an Argumentative writing class. To get the data, they were asked to write an opinion essay which consists of five paragraphs (including introductory and concluding paragraph). After the data were collected, each of the students’ paper was read to identify the use of cohesive devices based on the theory of cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). Then, the number, the frequency and the percentage of cohesive devices were counted. The results of the study revealed that reference had the highest percentage (52.04%), followed by lexical cohesion (32.95%) and conjunction (15.02%). Meanwhile, substitution and ellipsis were absent. Although there were three types of cohesive to be used, the errors still happened in small number such as in conjunction; but, so, or and and.
Organización vascular y anatomía del leño del tallo secundario de Piper hieronymi C. DC. (Piperaceae)
Authors: Beltrán Marisol , Pipo María Laura , Bodnar Josefina 
Published: June 2021

Piper hieronymi es un arbusto o pequeño árbol que habita las selvas de Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán y Misiones, en Argentina. Sus tallos y ramas tienen nudos muy engrosados, y anatómicamente exhiben un arreglo policíclico de los haces vasculares. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la organización vascular y el leño en tallos secundarios de P. hieronymi. Al igual que en otras especies de Piper, el sistema vascular está conformado por un sistema medular (SVM) y uno periférico (SVP). Ambos están constituidos por haces colaterales abiertos, asociados a casquetes de fibras. El SVM presenta un ciclo, a veces dos, de haces dispersos en una médula parenquimática lignificada. En el SVM se observaron diferencias en la disposición de los haces a nivel de nudos y entrenudos, debido a que estos haces son los encargados de la vascularización de las ramas. El SVP ocupa el mayor espesor del tallo. Presenta haces vasculares alargados que alternan con radios interfasciculares parenquimáticos, compuestos mayormente por células verticales. Además, muchos haces están bifurcados por el desarrollo de radios fasciculares. El leño posee porosidad difusa, vasos en múltiples radiales cortos, dispuestos en un patrón radial, placas de perforación simple, punteaduras intervasculares escalariformes o alternas y parénquima axial paratraqueal vasicéntrico, y presenta algunas diferencias entre el SVM y el SVP. La anatomía del tallo secundario de P. hieronymi presenta similitudes con especies tanto de hábito arbustivo como lianescente, aunque la bifurcación de los haces del SVP hasta ahora sólo fue citada para especies arbustivas o arbóreas de pequeño porte.
Laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk: tactical and technical aspects
Authors: Vasilevsky D. I. , Khamid Z. М. , Zakharenko A. A. , Korolkov A. Yu. , Balandov S. G. , Bagnenko S. F. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Currently, traditional methods and minimally invasive surgical technologies are used in the treatment of celiac trunk compression syndrome. The choice of treatment method remains a subject of discussion. The drawback of the classical approach – laparotomy – is a significant trauma to the tissues of the abdominal wall, the risk of adhesions, wound infection and hernias. The disadvantage of videosurgical techniques is the risk of developing life-threatening bleeding requiring conversion of access. The main cause of this complication is damage to the wall of the aorta, celiac trunk and its branches during the intervention.Methods and materials. A set of tactical and technical principles was developed to reduce the risk of bleeding during laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk. The prerequisites were an assessment of the individual architectonics of the vessels according to 3D reconstruction data, the location of working instruments as parallel to the celiac trunk course, retrograde access to the compression zone, the use of an ultrasonic or bipolar dissector, contact with the vascular wall only with passive branches. With these principles surgical intervention was performed in 12 patients.Results. Complication (bleeding from the branch of the lower phrenic artery) – occurred in one (8.3 %) case – was eliminated laparoscopically. The average duration of the operation was 85 minutes, the average hospital day after the operation was 5 days. Treatment results within 3 to 12 months were evaluated in 8 out of 12 (66.7 %) patients. In 7 (87.5 % of patients with the studied results) cases, complete regression of symptoms and restoration of normal blood flow were noted. One (12.5 %) person had a slight abdominal pain syndrome against the background of normal hemodynamics in the celiac trunk.Conclusion. The presented data are comparable with the results of traditional surgical methods of treatment of celiac trunk compression syndrome and are the basis for further research.
High-resolution esophageal manometry in patients with achalasia
Authors: Smirnov A. A. , Kiriltseva M. M. , Luybchenko M. E. , Davletbaeva L. I. , Kochetkov A. V. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. At present, high-resolution esophageal manometry is the «gold standard» for the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia, based on the determination of the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, the value of which in the case of achalasia must exceed 15 mm Hg (MMS System). However, in some patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed achalasia, this value is normal. There is no unified view of the cause of this phenomenon. We assumed that low pressure figures may be affected by incorrect installation of the manometric catheter.Methods and materials. This research included 149 patients (61 by retrospective estimating the patients data and 88 new patients) with achalasia established during the period from January 2017 to March 2020. When it was impossible to localize the lower esophageal sphincter and take correct measurements during high-resolution manometry in new patients, the X-rays or upper endoscopy was performed to control the manometric catheter placement. If its’ placement was incorrect and the integrated relaxation pressure level was lower than 15 mmHg, repeated high-resolution manometry was performed with the over-the-guidewire manometric catheter placing.Results. In 36 patients of both groups (24.2 %), the manometric data did not correspond to esophageal achalasia; in the prospective group, 12 out of the 19 patients had incorrect manometric data due to inability to visualize lower esophageal sphincter. In the prospective group, the manometric catheter was reinstalled by a guidewire, which allowed visualizing the signs of the lower esophageal sphincter in all cases, and in 15 out of 19 patients (79 %), the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was more than 15 mm Hg.Conclusions. In some cases, the over-the-guidewire installing makes it possible to pass catheter through the lower esophageal sphincter correctly, visualize the lower esophageal sphincter during the high-resolution manometry examination and obtain true pressure values.
Long-term results of open aorto-femoral reconstructions
Authors: Rakhmatillaev T. B. , Gusinskiy A. V. , Shlomin V. V. , Fionik O. V. , Shatravka A. V. , Mikhailov I. V. , Bondarenko P. B. , Puzdriak P. D. 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to analyze the long-term results of open aorto-femoral reconstructions in order to optimize the approach to surgical treatment.Methods and materials. The study included 548 patients with reconstructions of the aorto-femoral segment performed between 1999 and 2007. Of these, 293 patients underwent loop endarterectomy of the iliac arteries, 255 – after aorto-femoral bypass with a synthetic prosthesis. All interventions were performed against the critical lower limb ischemia. The superficial femoral arteries remained occluded in all cases. Outflow was carried out only in the deep femoral arteries and collateral vessels. Patients were under clinical supervision for 5 to 20 years. In the long-term period, most patients underwent interventions on the coronary, brachiocephalic arteries, as well as surgery for cancer.Results. Timely correction of concomitant pathology made it possible to increase the survival rate of patients by the 10-year follow-up period to 72 %, and after 20 years this figure reached 63 %. The primary patency of the reconstructed segment after loop endarterectomy was significantly higher than after aorto-femoral bypass surgery. Secondary patency in the groups did not significantly differ and by 20 years of follow-up reached 76 %. A high level of patency of the operated segment was also provided by a large percentage of preserved limbs (80 % after 20 years). A study of the quality of life showed that, despite the persistence of intermittent claudication at the level of 400–800 meters, the vast majority of patients were satisfied with their life. Suppurations in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms in the area of anastomoses were found only in the group of aorto-femoral bypass grafts.Conclusion. Open reconstructive operations on the aorto-femoral segment, such as loop endarterectomy and aorto-femoral bypass with adequate postoperative medical examination have good long-term results of survival, patency of the reconstructed segment, percentage of saved limbs and quality of life of patients. Complications in the form of suppuration in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms occur only after bypass.
Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and bleeding in patients with critical lower limb ischemia and diabetes mellitus underwent endovascular interventions
Authors: Poliantsev A. A. , Frolov D. V. , Linchenko A. M. , Karpenko S. N. , Chernovolenko A. A. , Kaplunova E. V. , Dyachkova Yu. A. 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to study the prevalence of erosive and ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions, bleedings of this localization and the relationship with factors predisposing to them in patients with critical lower limb ischemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent endovascular intervention for limb revascularization.Methods and materials. The study included 81 patients aged 67.5±6.8 years, hospitalized in the department of vascular surgery with critical lower limb ischemia of atherosclerotic genesis and type 2 diabetes mellitus to perform revascularization by means of transluminal balloon angioplasty with stenting when indicated. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent fibrogastroduodenoscopy, according to the results of which a scoring assessment of the lesion of the gastric mucosa and duodenum was presented.Results. All patients participating in the study were diagnosed with pathology of the gastroduodenal zone: in 95.1 % of the inflammatory nature, in 4.9 % of the ulcer. The relationship between the duration of rest pain, the fact of damage to the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract and its severity was not revealed, but the relationship of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum with the number of taken pain pills was determined. In patients with repeated endovascular intervention and / or amputation, gastrointestinal bleedings were more often recorded compared with study participants who underwent a single revascularization – 11.1 and 1.6 % of patients, respectively.Conclusion. Erosive and ulcerative lesions of varying severity are present in all patients with critical lower limb ischemia on the background of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, patients with repeated endovascular interventions and / or amputations are more susceptible to bleeding. For the prevention of pathology of the stomach and duodenum, an in-depth diagnosis and a differentiated approach are required.