bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific plasticity and the nutritional geometry of insulin-signaling gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: McDonald Jeanne M. C. , Nabili Pegah , Thorsen Lily , Jeon Sohee , Shingleton Alexander W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) is replete among animals, but while the selective pressures that drive the evolution of SSD have been well studied, the developmental mechanisms upon which these pressures act are poorly understood. Ours and others’ research has shown that SSD in D. melanogaster reflects elevated levels of nutritional plasticity in females versus males, such that SSD increases with dietary intake and body size, a phenomenon called sex-specific plasticity (SSP). Additional data indicate that while body size in both sexes responds to variation in protein level, only female body size is sensitive to variation in carbohydrate level. Here, we explore whether these difference in sensitivity at the morphological level are reflected by differences in how the insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS) and TOR-signaling pathways respond to changes in carbohydrates and proteins in females versus males, using a nutritional geometry approach.

Results
The IIS-regulated transcripts of 4E-BP and InR most strongly correlated with body size in females and males, respectively, but neither responded to carbohydrate level and so could not explain the sex-specific response to body size to dietary carbohydrate. Transcripts regulated by TOR-signaling did, however, respond to dietary carbohydrate in a sex-specific manner. In females, expression of dILP5 positively correlated with body size, while expression of dILP2,3 and 8, was elevated on diets with a low concentration of both carbohydrate and protein. In contrast, we detected lower levels of dILP2 and 5 protein in the brains of females fed on low concentration diets. We could not detect any effect of diet on dILP expression in males.

Conclusion
Although females and males show sex-specific transcriptional responses to changes in protein and carbohydrate, the patterns of expression do not support a simple model of the regulation of body-size SSP by either insulin- or TOR-signaling. The data also indicate a complex relationship between carbohydrate and protein level, dILP expression and dILP peptide levels in the brain. In general, diet quality and sex both affect the transcriptional response to changes in diet quantity, and so should be considered in future studies that explore the effect of nutrition on body size.
Single-visit chairside adjustment of a metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis on an unloaded implant using a novel fixed attachment system: a case report
Authors: Molinero-Mourelle Pedro , Al-Haj Husain Nadin , Abou-Ayash Samir , Yilmaz Burak , Iizuka Tateyuki , Schimmel Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Implant-supported prosthetic treatment options are reliable for elderly edentulous patients with systemic health problems. These patients often need cost- and time-efficient solutions to avoid complications. However, it is a challenge for clinicians to treat these patients without surgical interventions, placement of additional implants, or the need to renew existing prostheses.

Case presentation
A 75-year-old medically compromised caucasian male patient using multiple medications was referred for prosthetic rehabilitation of his edentulous maxilla after several implant failures. Because the patient’s health was compromised, further surgical interventions were ruled out and the treatment was centered on the use of the remaining implants by placing a fixed attachment system and altering the existing prosthesis. The stepwise management of the patient’s situation through the use of a new attachment system and adjustment of existing prosthesis is described in the present case report.

Conclusions
Although implant therapy is not always contraindicated for medically compromised patients, it is preferable not to perform extensive surgeries to avoid complications. This clinical report describes an alternative, safe option based on a novel fixed attachment system to salvage an existing maxillary implant-supported fixed complete dental prosthesis of a patient with systemic health problems.
Physiological and morphological traits associated with germinative and reproductive stage of garden orache (A. hortensis L. var. rubra) under water stress
Authors: Kachout S. Sai , BenYoussef S. , Ennajah A. , Abidi S. , Zoghlami A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Drought is a major problem limiting the growth and development of plants in the world and especially in Tunisia. Halophytes constitute a renewable wealth and they offer great flexibility with regard to abiotic stresses, and they are evaluated for their ecological and potential food use.

Results
The proposed work identifies the response of Atriplex hortensis var. rubra to the germinal stage and the reproductive stage under a deficient water regime to measure the drought resistance of this plant that has very interesting forage production abilities. The morphological and water parameters are used to characterize the physiological response of this species to the effects of water deficit. For the germination test, four levels of osmotic potential caused by PEG-6000 solutions at different levels of water potential (− 0.1, − 0.5, − 1.0, − 1.5 MPa) were adopted in seed of A. hortensis germination media. The methodology adopted in the second experiment is based on the cultivation of potted plants stored in a semi-controlled greenhouse at flowering stage. The water deficit was imposed on the plants by watering stop for a week, and the control plants are subjected to a water regime maintained irrigated at 100% of the capacity in the field. Drought tolerance was scored 30 days after the drought stress commenced based on the number of branches and leaf, dry biomass, relative water content, leaf water potential, and nitrogen content. No significant difference was observed in germination rates for all PEG concentrations throughout the experiment which are still close to 60%. The results obtained for the second experiment show a high tolerance of A. hortensis under water stress. Drought induced decreases in two physiological parameters, the number of branches and leafs, and the relative water content of annual Atriplex. Heatmap and PCA data revealed that physiological parameters are more sensitive than morphological parameters in distinguishing the control and drought treatments.

Conclusions
Indeed, the orache is distinguished by a great ability to retain water potential after a month of stress. Thus, height, number of branches, leaf and shoot dry weight, and percentage of nitrogen were significantly similar for controls and stressed for A. hortensis. On the other hand, measured root length and basic and midday water potential show significant variability between controls and stressors. In addition, these results highlight the importance of the resistance of Atriplex halophyte forage to drought.
3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane for wearable breast hyperthermia
Authors: Mukai Yusuke , Li Sixian , Suh Minyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrowave breast hyperthermia is a class of cancer treatment, where breast temperature is elevated by a focused electromagnetic (EM) radiation to impair cancer cells. While the current mainstream in microwave breast hyperthermia is centered on bulky and rigid systems, wearable antennas would offer considerable benefits such as superior conformity to individual patient anatomy and better comfort. In this proposition, this paper presents 3D-printed flexible antenna prototypes for wearable breast hyperthermia applications. Since the dielectric properties are expected to dominate the antenna gain but could be influenced by the solid volume percentage, this work first investigates the relationship between the dielectric properties and solid volume percentage of a 3D-printed flexible filament. From this, it is found that with decrease in the solid volume percentage, the dielectric constant decreases following the classic theory of dielectric mixture. Based on this observation, optimal antennas are designed for substrates in different infill levels by running a 3D full-wave EM simulator and fabricated by 3D printing a polyurethane filament. Temperature elevations in a synthetic breast tissue are measured by a thermometer and are ~ 5.5 °C and ~ 3.2 °C at the 5 mm- and 7 mm-deep locations, respectively. The infill percentage makes little difference in the heating efficacy. Based on these findings, this translational study sheds light on the possibility of wearable breast hyperthermia with the 3D-printed flexible and conformal antennas.
Community distribution of oxygen: a unique COVID-19 intervention
Authors: Ukor Nelson Ashinedu , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Uwizeyimana Theogene , Ahmadi Attaullah , Ekwebelem Osmond C. , Fadele Precious , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world has exposed some long-standing deficiencies in health systems, particularly in environments with low financial and medical resources. Most patients ill with COVID-19 require oxygen and supportive therapy for survival as there remains no conclusively established curative therapy. Following a number of critical research work and drawing from a millennia-long evolution of medical practice, respiratory support has been identified as a paramount intervention to ensure lives are saved when supportive care is required, and oxygen is an essential commodity to achieve this. This letter focuses on the numerous means for oxygen delivery to health facilities and in turn the end users and expands on the importance of innovation to improve oxygen supply. We describe a community distribution system with a telemedicine structure that can be leveraged for oxygen delivery.
Use of a 4 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II in the treatment of a renal arteriovenous fistula: a case report
Authors: Castellano Davide , Boghi Andrea , Comelli Chiara , Di Maggio Luca , Savio Daniele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
We report the use of a 4 mm vascular Amplatzer for the occlusion of a renal arterovenous fistula between the renal artery, at the hylum trifurcation point, and an aneurismatic vein draining into the main renal vein, where there was no possibility to use any other device from the venous side, because of the diameter and the high flow, neither from the arterious side without sacrificing lobar branches. The device was implanted at the exact point of communication, like a patent foramen ovale occluder, with the distal disc into the artery lumen and the other two proximal discs into the venous side.

Case presentation
A 34-years-old Caucasian woman suffered several episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia associated with dyspnoea, after the onset of post-pregnancy hypertension. She underwent CTA, spectral Doppler sonography and angiography which showed a renal arteriovenous fistula (RAVF) between the renal artery, at the hylum trifurcation point, and an extremely ectatic vein draining into the main renal vein of the right kidney.
With both arterial and venous access, the RAVF was selectively embolized using a 4 × 6 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II, released into the communication between artery and vein ensuring the patency of vessels involved.
The RAVF was almost completely excluded and the hemodynamic effects associated were also corrected.

Conclusions
The use of this device, though in an alternative way, allowed the exclusion of the high flow A-V fistula without sacrificing any parent renal vessel and preserving the renal function.
Factors associated with mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Vitorino Luciano Magalhães , Yoshinari Júnior Gerson Hiroshi , Gonzaga Gabriela , Dias Isabela Faria , Pereira João Pedro Lambert , Ribeiro Isabella Marum Góes , França Alex Bacadini , Al-Zaben Faten , Koenig Harold G. , Trzesniak Clarissa 
Published: May 2021

Background
Although mental distress and quality of life (QoL) impairments because of the pandemic have increased worldwide, the way that each community has been affected has varied.

Aims
This study evaluated the impact of social distancing imposed by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on Brazilians’ mental health and QoL.

Method
In this cross-sectional community-based online survey, data from 1156 community-dwelling adults were gathered between 11 May and 3 June 2020. We examined independent correlates of depression, anxiety and QoL, including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, optimism/pessimism and spiritual/religious coping. Dependent variables were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety symptoms, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF for QoL. Correlates of depressive and anxiety disorder were estimated using logistic regression.

Results
There were high levels of depressive symptoms (41.9%) and anxiety symptoms (29.0%) in participants. Negative spiritual/religious coping was positively correlated with depressive disorder (odds ratio (OR) = 2.14 95% CI 1.63–2.80; P < 0.001) and with anxiety disorder (OR = 2.46 95% CI 1.90–3.18; P < 0.001), and associated with worse social and environmental QoL (P < 0.001). Healthcare professionals were less likely to have depressive symptoms (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.93; P < 0.001). Participants with friend/family with COVID-19 scored lower on psychological and environmental QoL (P < 0.05). Participants with a longer duration of social isolation were less likely to experience anxiety disorder (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99; P = 0.004).

Conclusions
We found high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and low levels of QoL in Brazil, which has become a pandemic epicentre. Several characteristics were associated with negative mental health symptoms in this study. This information may contribute to local health policies in dealing with the mental health consequences of COVID-19.
Automated Identification of Patients With Immune-Related Adverse Events From Clinical Notes Using Word Embedding and Machine Learning
Authors: Gupta Samir , Belouali Anas , Shah Neil J. , Atkins Michael B. , Madhavan Subha 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved survival in patients with advanced malignancies, they are associated with a unique spectrum of side effects termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To ensure treatment safety, research efforts are needed to comprehensively detect and understand irAEs. Retrospective analysis of data from electronic health records can provide knowledge to characterize these toxicities. However, such information is not captured in a structured format within the electronic health record and requires manual chart review. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we propose a natural language processing pipeline that can automatically annotate clinical notes and determine whether there is evidence that a patient developed an irAE. Seven hundred eighty-one cases were manually reviewed by clinicians and annotated for irAEs at the patient level. A dictionary of irAEs keywords was used to perform text reduction on clinical notes belonging to each patient; only sentences with relevant expressions were kept. Word embeddings were then used to generate vector representations over the reduced text, which served as input for the machine learning classifiers. The output of the models was presence or absence of any irAEs. Additional models were built to classify skin-related toxicities, endocrine toxicities, and colitis. RESULTS The model for any irAE achieved an average F1-score = 0.75 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.85. This outperformed a basic keyword filtering approach. Although the classifier of any irAEs achieved good accuracy, individual irAE classification still has room for improvement. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that patient-level annotations combined with a machine learning approach using keywords filtering and word embeddings can achieve promising accuracy in classifying irAEs in clinical notes. This model may facilitate annotation and analysis of large irAEs data sets.
Malagasy dialects in Mayotte
Authors: Serva Maurizio , Pasquini Michele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Malagasy language is not strictly confined to Madagascar but it is also spoken in Mayotte, one of the four islands which constitute the Comoros archipelago. The inhabitants of Mayotte are, in fact, divided between two very distinct mother languages, one is Shimaore, a Bantu dialect similar to the dialects spoken in the other three islands, the other is Malagasy, an Austronesian language. In turn, Malagasy is represented by two distinct varieties, one is the Kibosy Kimaore, a name which simply means “Malagasy of Mayotte” (this name is sometimes used to indistinctly denote both varieties) and the other is the Kibosy Kiantalaotsy. It is usually stated that Kibosy Kimaore is close to the Northern Madagascar varieties, while Kibosy Kiantalaotsy is very close to Mahajanga Sakalava (Glottolog classifies Mahajanga Sakalava and Kibosy Kiantalaotsy as twin varieties). While we clearly confirm the cladistic position of Kibosy Kimaore, we find that Kibosy Kiantalaotsy is not particularly close to Mahajanga Sakalava, but it is closer to the Sakalava dialects of the South-West of Madagascar. Moreover, Kibosy Kiantalaotsy seems to be rather the result of multiple contributions from Madagascar than the offspring of a single dialect or a few dialects. Our outcome is based upon the comparison of the two Mayotte varieties with sixty different Madagascar varieties.
Computational Ab Initio Interaction Analyses between Neutralizing Antibody and SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike Proteins Using the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method
Authors: Watanabe Kazuki , Watanabe Chiduru , Honma Teruki , Tian Yu-Shi , Kawashima Yusuke , Kawashita Norihito , Fukuzawa Kaori , Takagi Tatsuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The interaction energies between the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and neutralizing antibody CC12.1 Fab were calculated using the fragment molecular orbital method. South African and Brazilian variants showed weaker interactions than the wild-type. Mutations, K417N/T and E484K, were considered to be responsible for escape from the antibody.
Native aorto-ostial coronary lesions on CT coronary angiogram
Authors: Riley Jan Y J , Leong Kai'En , Mortensen Kristian H , Ariff Ben , Gopalan Deepa 
Published: May 2021

Aorto-ostial coronary lesions (AOLs) are important to detect due to the high risk of catastrophic consequences. Unfortunately, due to the complexities of these lesions, they may be missed on invasive coronary angiography. Computed tomography coronary angiogram (CTCA) is highly sensitive and specific in detecting AOLs, and has the additional advantage of demonstrating the surrounding anatomy. CTCA is particularly useful when assessing for AOL aetiologies in addition to atherosclerotic disease, e.g. Congenital anomalies, extrinsic Compression, Iatrogenic, Arteritis and Other, such as Thrombus, Embolism, Dissection and Spasm. This gives rise to “CIAO (TEDS)” as a proposed aide-mémoire and will form the structure of this pictorial review.
Suture granuloma extending intra-abdominally, detected five months postappendectomy
Authors: Eladawi Sondos , Ragab Ahmed , Kayed Mohamed , Elsabaa Bassma , Khaled Marwa 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Suture granulomas are localised inflammatory reactions that develop at the site of retained suture material. They are a rare surgical complication that is sometimes radiologically challenging to diagnose, especially if the intra-abdominal is communicating with the anterior abdominal wall. Methods: The case reported here was a 22-year-old female who presented with right iliac fossa pain 5 months post-appendectomy, which turned out to be due to a suture granuloma. Ultrasonography and CT with and without contrast misdiagnosed the lesion as an abscess or less likely as neoplasm. Conclusive diagnosis was based upon histopathological examination of tissue obtained by biopsy. Conclusion: When reviewing the images of patients who present with post-operative surgical complications, it is crucial to consider suture granuloma as a distinct possibility. A definitive diagnosis saves the patient from undergoing unnecessary extensive surgeries and improves the patient experience.
Case report: MRI findings of acute uremic encephalopathy in a 1-year-old boy
Authors: Chotai Amar Ajay , Mitra Dipayan 
Published: May 2021

We present a 1-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with a 7-day history of diarrhoea and vomiting. The initial renal function profile demonstrated a urea of 55 mmol l−1 (normal range between 5 and 20 mmol l−1), creatinine 695 micromol/L (normal range between 62–106 micromol/L) and potassium 9.1 mmol l−1 (normal range between 3.5–5.0 mmol l−1), with a profound metabolic acidosis. Upon examination, there were no significant findings, specifically no neurological abnormality. He was prescribed back-to-back Salbutamol nebulisers, to increase the shift of extracellular potassium into the intracellular space, followed by i.v. calcium gluconate, with some improvement in potassium levels. A further 5 mmol of sodium bicarbonate was given, as well as a stat dose of 1 mg/kg furosemide, and per rectal calcium resonium. He was then commenced on an infusion with 10% dextrose with insulin. He was subsequently found to be in urinary retention and a catheter was inserted, which drained 1700 ml. A subsequent renal function profile, 24 hours after admission, demonstrated improvement with urea 39 mmol l−1, creatinine 300 micromol/L and potassium 3.0 mEq/L.
Impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on Clinical Management in Patients with Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kiefer Lena Sophie , Sekler Julia , Gückel Brigitte , Kraus Mareen Sarah , la Fougère Christian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Bitzer Michael , Gatidis Sergios , Pfannenberg Christina 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To determine the impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on clinical management of patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA).

Methods:
Patients with CCA undergoing clinically indicated 18F-FDG-PET/CT between 04/2013 and 08/2018 were prospectively included in a local PET/CT registry study. Intended clinical management (“non-treatment” such as watchful-waiting or additional diagnostic tests, and “palliative” or “curative treatment”) was recorded before and after PET/CT. Changes in intended management after PET/CT were analyzed.

Results:
27 patients (mean age: 60 years, IQR: 51.5–67.5 years, 56% males) with 43 PET/CT examinations were included. Intended management changed in 35/43 cases (81.4%) following PET/CT. Major changes (i.e., between “non-treatment” and “treatment” strategies or between a “curative” and “palliative” treatment goal) occurred in 27/43 (62.8%) cases. Before PET/CT, additional imaging and/or biopsy were intended in 21/43 (48.8%) and 9/43 (20.9%) cases, respectively. After PET/CT, further imaging was carried out in one case and imaging-targeted biopsy in eight cases. Although the absolute number of biopsies after PET/CT did not decrease, in only one of these eight cases biopsy had already been planned before PET/CT, whereas in the other eight cases, the originally planned biopsies were dispensable after PET/CT.

Conclusions:
18F-FDG-PET/CT significantly impacts clinical management of patients with CCA. It guides decisions on treatment strategy (especially curative vs palliative treatment goal) and on additional tests, particularly by helping referring clinicians to avoid unnecessary imaging and by guiding targeted biopsy.

Advances in knowledge:
Systematic implementation of 18F-FDG-PET/CT may enable a more appropriate and tailored treatment of patients with CCA, especially in cases of suspected recurrence.