bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Weyl cone tilting in the spin Hall effect of light
Authors: Liu Shuoqing , Yang Chenfei , Song Yifei , Tang Peng , Ke Yougang , Luo Zhaoming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We systematically study the role of Weyl cone tilting in the spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) in doped Weyl semimetals (WSMs), and propose a new scheme to determine the type of a WSM and to sense the tilt degree of Weyl cones precisely. It is found that in the case of a small amount of doping, the SHEL in type-I WSMs shows almost no dependence on the tilt degree of Weyl cones, while the SHEL in type-II WSMs is extremely sensitive to variations in the degree of tilt. However, in the case of a large amount of doping, not only the SHEL in type-II WSMs but also the SHEL in type-I WSMs show strong dependences on the tilt degree. These trends are mainly attributed to the variation of the real part of the Hall conductivity with the tilt degree. Remarkably, by using a quantum weak measurement, the tiny SHEL shifts can be amplified and detected to a desirable accuracy. Based on the obviously different tilt-dependent characteristics of amplified SHEL shifts in WSMs, we propose a new scheme to determine the type of a WSM and to sense the tilt degree precisely. By adjusting the doping level, the sensing sensitivity can reach up to 1461.55 µm per degree of tilt. This study may provide an application reference for the fabrication of WSM parameter sensors and other topological photoelectric devices.
Cytotoxicity of thermoresponsive core/shell Ni
x
Co1−

x
Fe2O4/PEG nanoparticles synthesized by the sol–gel method
Authors: Esmaeilkhanian Amirhossein , Sharifianjazi Fariborz , Parvin Nader , Kooti Mohammad Amin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
These days, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), especially cobalt ferrite MNPs, have attracted the attention of many scientists in many applications, e.g. cancer treatment, due to their good magnetic properties. In this study, firstly the Ni
x
Co1−x
Fe2O4 MNPs (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) were prepared through the sol–gel technique. The resulting particles were then coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer to obtain a core/shell structure. The x-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results illustrated that CoFe2O4 MNPs were successfully synthesized. Vibrating-sample magnetometer and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bro-mide) assay results illustrated that the Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 sample had the best saturation magnetization (71.68 emu g−1) and coercivity (∼500 Oe) values. Subsequently, the appropriate amount of PEG was found to be 15% wt/vol. The toxicity test showed that a concentration of 100 μg ml−1 of particles kept 96% of the cells alive. The particle size of the core/shelled MNPs was obtained to be ∼25 nm via a transmission electron microscopy image. Finally, it was observed that the Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 sample coated with 15% wt/vol. PEG can be potentially used for hyperthermia.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped and boron-doped reduced graphene oxide using radio-frequency plasma for supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Shilin , Zhang Cheng , Cui Xiaoyang , Zhang Shuai , Yang Qing , Shao Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heteroatom doping is an effective method to improve the capacitive performance of graphene-based materials. In this work, a facile and efficient radio-frequency (RF) plasma treatment strategy has been employed to achieve simultaneous doping and reduction of graphene oxide (GO). As a result, boron-doped and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (denoted as B-rGO and N-rGO) have been synthesized rapidly under relatively low temperatures compared with conventional thermal methods. The B-rGO and N-rGO present significantly improved specific capacitances as high as 345 F g−1 and 365 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, respectively, exhibiting a fourfold increase compared to that of GO before plasma treatment. Interestingly, the N-rGO shows better rate capability than the B-rGO. Furthermore, the mechanism of simultaneous doping and reduction by RF plasma treatment is discussed based on the diagnosis of emission spectroscopy. The high energy electrons and plasma-excited ions and radicals render effective reduction, etching, and doping of GO at the same time. Compared with high-temperature carbonization and wet chemical methods, our plasma treatment method is more energy-saving and eco-friendly. We believe this rapid and straightforward plasma treatment method reported here can be extended to the incorporation of various heteroatoms into graphene lattice for broad applications.
A generalized molecule approach capturing the Feshbach-induced pairing physics in the BEC–BCS crossover
Authors: Cuestas Eloisa , Majtey Ana P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By including the effect of a trap with characteristic energy given by the Fermi temperature T
F in a two-body two-channel model for Feshbach resonances, we reproduce the measured binding energy of ultracold molecules in a 40K atomic Fermi gas. We also reproduce the experimental closed-channel fraction Z across the BEC–BCS crossover and into the BCS regime of a 6Li atomic Fermi gas. We obtain the expected behavior

Z
∝

T

F

at unitarity, together with the recently measured proportionality constant. Our results are also in agreement with recent measurements of the Z dependency on T
F on the BCS side, where a significant quantitative discrepancy between experimental data and theory’s predictions has been repeatedly reported. In order to contrast with future experiments we report the proportionality constant at unitarity between Z and

T

F

predicted by our model for a 40K atomic Fermi gas.
Chiral anomaly induced negative magnetoresistance and weak anti-localization in Weyl semimetal Bi0.97Sb0.03 alloy
Authors: Kumar P , Nagpal V , Sudesh  , Patnaik S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Experimental access to massless Weyl fermions through topological materials promises substantial technological ramifications. Here, we report magneto-transport properties of Bi1−x
Sb
x
alloy near the quantum critical point x = 3% and 3.5%. The two compositions that are synthesized and studied are single crystals of Bi0.97Sb0.03 and Bi0.965Sb0.035. We observe a transition from semimetal to semiconductor with the application of magnetic field in both specimens. An extremely large transverse magnetoresistance (MR) 1.8 × 105% and 8.2 × 104% at 2.5 K and 6 T is observed in Bi0.97Sb0.03 and Bi0.965Sb0.035, respectively. Kohler scaling of transverse MR reveals the crossover from low field quadratic MR to a high field linear MR at low temperatures in both samples. A decrease in longitudinal MR is observed only in Bi0.97Sb0.03 that implies the presence of chiral anomaly associated with the Weyl state at the crossover point (x = 0.03) in Bi1−x
Sb
x
system. The chiral anomaly is absent for the sample Bi0.965Sb0.035. A sharp increase in longitudinal resistivity for Bi0.97Sb0.03 close to zero magnetic fields indicates the weak anti-localization effect in Bi0.97Sb0.03. Extremely high carrier concentrations and high mobilities have been recorded for both the samples.
Topological plasmonic waveguides in triharmonic metal gratings
Authors: Smith Thomas Benjamin , Kocabas Coskun , Principi Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study topological surface-plasmon-polaritons at optical frequencies in tri-harmonic diffraction gratings formed at a metal–dielectric interface. The latter are shown to well approximate a bipartite Kronig–Penney model. Topologically protected localised modes are then predicted to occur at the edges of the grating and at defects formed by the combination of two mirror antisymmetric corrugations, whose bulk invariant is a step-wise varying Zak phase in both cases. An interesting special case wherein the defect state is in-fact forbidden is also observed that reveals the fragility of such states despite their topological nature.
Highly active metal-free hetero-nanotube catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Wei , Choi Jin–Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of low-cost, high-efficiency catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is important for hydrogen production. In this study we investigate hydrogen adsorption at the interfaces of C/BN hetero-nanotubes using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Substantial charge redistributions associated with states near the Fermi level occur at the interfaces. More importantly, such electronic modification can enhance hydrogen adsorption at the interfacial atoms. As a result, the adsorption free energies ΔG
H* of hydrogen for the interfaces range from −0.26 to 0.30 eV, depending on hydrogen coverage. These values are much closer to zero than those for the basal plane, suggesting that the interfaces could be active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The interfacial adsorption sites show a distinctive hybridization between the H s and C p orbitals, which accounts for the enhanced hydrogen adsorption at the interfaces. These findings have important implications for hydrogen energy applications.
Particle tracking and beam optics analysis on a toroidal gantry for proton therapy
Authors: Felcini E , Bottura L , Gerbershagen A , van Nugteren J , Dutoit B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
GaToroid is a concept of toroidal gantry for hadron therapy under investigation at CERN It makes use of the toroidal magnetic field between each pair of coils to steer and focus the particle beams down to the patient. This peculiar concept requires detailed studies on particle tracking and beam optics to optimise the winding geometry and explore the properties of the system. The work presented in this manuscript is focused on the features of a GaToroid system for protons, specifically designed to minimise the footprint and weight of the gantry. Firstly, a two-dimensional single particle tracking was developed to optimise the coil geometry and the toroidal magnetic field, aiming to the maximisation of the energy acceptance of the magnet. Particles over the whole spectrum of treatment energy are directed at isocenter within 1 mm of precision. This procedure, restricted to the symmetry plane between each pair of coils, defines different beam orbits, function of the beam energy. Subsequently, a three-dimensional particle tracking was implemented to evaluate the interaction of a beam of finite dimensions with the complete magnetic field map in vacuum. The parameters of the simulated beam at the isocenter are coherent with the clinical requirements. The results of the three-dimensional tracking were then used to calculate the linear transfer matrix associated to each beam orbit. Finally, the option of performing the beam spot scanning at the isocenter by acting on the upstream steering magnet has been investigated, highlighting the potential of the concept, as well as the limitations related to the scanning field dimension and source-to-axis distance. In conclusion, the results described in this paper represent a crucial step toward the understanding of the beam optics properties of a GaToroid gantry.
A numerical model for analysis of binary chemical reaction and activation energy of thermo solutal micropolar nanofluid flow through permeable stretching sheet: nanoparticle study
Authors: M D Shamshuddin , Mabood F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of nanofluid to improve heat transfer features has received great consideration due to their wide applications in chemical engineering and industry. In light of these facts, a numerical simulation for the flow of a micropolar nanofluid with suspended nanoparticles has been analyzed past a permeable stretching sheet with non-uniform heat source/sink, Binary chemical reaction and activation energy. In modeling micropolar nanofluid quantifies and qualifies the thermal phenomena caused by convective heat transfer in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink and reaction rate. The formulated equations are altered to ordinary differential equations by employing similarity transformations which are then solved by utilizing shooting technique and RKF-45 method. The potentialities of all the representatives are put into graphs and are elucidated. Furthermore, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number in the boundary layer regime, are exhibited through graphs and tables and are deliberated with proper physical justification. The significant outcomes of the current investigation are that increment in the suction parameter declines the flow velocity and temperature while the injection is uplift the temperature. The skin friction factor is trigger considerable decrease with the stretching parameter. The heat transfer rate increases with the increased values of the radiation parameter.
Localized waves carrying orbital angular momentum in optical fibers
Authors: Nuño Ruano Paula , Robson Charles W , Ornigotti Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the effect of orbital angular momentum (OAM) on localized waves in optical fibers using theory and numerical simulations, focusing on splash pulses and focus wave modes. For splash pulses, our results show that they may carry OAM only up to a certain maximal value. We also examine how one can optically excite these OAM-carrying modes, and discuss potential applications in communications, sensing, and signal filtering.
Impact of Intravenous Antihypertensives on Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Bean-Thompson Kelsi , Exposito Julien , Fowler Oliver , Mhaskar Rahul , Chen Liwei , Codolosa Jose Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Many hospitalized patients with acute elevations in blood pressure (BP) are treated with intravenous (IV) antihypertensive medications without evidence of benefit. This study investigated the effects of IV as-needed (PRN) antihypertensives on BP, hospital length of stay, and mortality.

METHODS
We included hospitalized patients with an order for an IV PRN antihypertensive medication. We excluded patients with target organ damage. We performed multivariate analysis to assess whether the medication was independently associated with outcomes.

RESULTS
1,784 out of 5,680 patients (31%) had an administration of the PRN medication. Patients who received the medication had a longer hospital stay compared with patients with an order for the medication who did not receive it (4.9 ± 6.1 vs. 3.1 ± 4.1 days, P &lt; 0.001). This remained statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. In-hospital mortality was higher in the group that received the medication (3.3% vs. 1.6%, P &lt; 0.001), but this was not statistically significant on multivariate analysis. IV hydralazine caused the most significant reduction in BP and led to a shorter length of stay when compared with enalapril and labetalol. A total of 62% of patients received the medication for a systolic BP lower than 180 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS
Treating hypertension in the in-patient setting remains complex. Rapid lowering of BP can cause harm to patients, and this study showed that antihypertensive medication increased hospital length of stay. Once assuring no target organ damage, a strategic approach should be to treat modifiable factors and gradually reduce BP.
Impaired KCC2 Function Triggers Interictal-Like Activity Driven by Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Isolated Subiculum In Vitro
Authors: Anstötz Max , Fiske Michael Patrick , Maccaferri Gianmaria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The decreased expression of the KCC2 membrane transporter in subicular neurons has been proposed to be a key epileptogenic event in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we have addressed this question in a reduced model in vitro and have studied the properties and mechanistic involvement of a major class of interneurons, that is, parvalbumin-expressing cells (PVs). When exposed to the KCC2 blocker VU0463271, mouse subicular slices generated hypersynchronous discharges that could be recorded electrophysiologically and visualized as clusters of co-active neurons with calcium imaging. The pharmacological profile of these events resembled interictal-like discharges in human epileptic tissue because of their dependence on GABAA and AMPA receptors. On average, PVs fired before pyramidal cells (PCs) and the area of co-active clusters was comparable to the individual axonal spread of PVs, suggesting their mechanistic involvement. Optogenetic experiments confirmed this hypothesis, as the flash-stimulation of PVs in the presence of VU0463271 initiated interictal-like discharges, whereas their optogenetic silencing suppressed network hyper-excitability. We conclude that reduced KCC2 activity in subicular networks in vitro is sufficient to induce interictal-like activity via altered GABAergic signaling from PVs without other epilepsy-related changes. This conclusion supports an epileptogenic role for impaired subicular KCC2 function during the progression of TLE.
Parsing Sage and Rosemary in Time: The Machine Learning Race to Crack Olfactory Perception
Authors: Gerkin Richard C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Color and pitch perception are largely understandable from characteristics of physical stimuli: the wavelengths of light and sound waves, respectively. By contrast, understanding olfactory percepts from odorous stimuli (volatile molecules) is much more challenging. No intuitive set of molecular features is up to the task. Here in Chemical Senses, the Ray lab reports using a predictive modeling framework—first breaking molecular structure into thousands of features and then using this to train a predictive statistical model on a wide range of perceptual descriptors—to create a tool for predicting the odor character of hundreds of thousands of available but previously uncharacterized molecules (Kowalewski et al. 2021). This will allow future investigators to representatively sample the space of odorous molecules as well as identify previously unknown odorants with a target odor character. Here, I put this work into the context of other modeling efforts and highlight the urgent need for large new datasets and transparent benchmarks for the field to make and evaluate modeling breakthroughs, respectively.
Spatial autocorrelation method for reliable measurements of two-station dispersion curves in heterogeneous ambient noise wavefields
Authors: Ikeda Tatsunori , Tsuji Takeshi , Konishi Chisato , Saito Hideki 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYThe microtremor survey method (MSM) is used to estimate S-wave velocity profiles from microtremors or ambient noise. Although array-based MSM analyses are usually used for shallow exploration purposes because of their robustness, the extraction of numerous phase-velocity dispersion curves by two-station microtremor analysis is attractive because those dispersion curves can be used to construct high-resolution phase-velocity maps by solving a least-squares problem. However, in exploration studies (&gt;1 Hz), the reliability of two-station microtremor analysis can be affected by short data acquisition times and heterogeneous noise distributions mainly caused by anthropogenic noises. In this study, we propose a new approach to estimate surface wave dispersion curves between station pairs considering a heterogeneous ambient noise distribution based on the spatial autocorrelation method. We first estimated azimuthal variations of noise energy from the complex coherencies between all station pairs in a receiver array, and then estimated dispersion curves between station pairs. Our field example demonstrates that modelling the azimuthal noise energy distribution allows us to use not only the real parts of complex coherencies, but also the imaginary parts, which are usually neglected when assuming a homogeneous noise field. The simultaneous use of the real and imaginary parts of complex coherencies improves the reliability and continuity of phase-velocity estimations between station pairs. Because the stability of phase-velocity estimations depends on the azimuths between station pairs, we carefully selected between-station azimuths that produce stable phase velocities. Selected phase velocities at 8 Hz can be used to construct high-resolution phase-velocity maps with least-squares inversion. Because our approach does not require a regular receiver interval for two-station analysis, it allows for more flexible seismic array geometries. This is particularly important for MSM analyses in urban areas, where limited space is available to install seismic stations. We conclude that our proposed approach is effective in reconstructing high-resolution shallow structures in heterogeneous ambient noise fields.
The impact of physically active learning during the school day on children’s physical activity levels, time on task and learning behaviours and academic outcomes
Authors: Bacon Paul , Lord Rachel N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The benefits of physical activity in school settings and its impact on health and academic outcomes are of interest from public health and educational contexts. This study investigates how physically active learning (PAL): (i) contributes to children’s physical activity levels, (ii) impacts on academic outcomes and (iii) influences children’s focus and concentration, defined as time on task (ToT). Methods: Over a 2-week period, participants were exposed to PAL and non-active learning (NAL) lessons in a counterbalanced design. Physiological responses and ToT behaviour were recorded throughout PAL and NAL lessons. Academic outcomes were assessed the week before, during and the week after each mode of delivery. Results: Children were more active during PAL (196�542 steps per week) compared to NAL (152�395 steps per week, P = 0.003). The physiological demands of PAL (73% HRmax), were significantly greater (P &lt; 0.001) than NAL (51% HRmax). Children’s ToT was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) with PAL (97%) than NAL (87%). There were no differences in academic outcomes when PAL and NAL were compared. Conclusions: Modest levels of PAL increased activity levels. No evidence was found to suggest PAL had a negative effect on children’s academic outcomes, and PAL could positively impact on children’s concentration.