bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of CD10 and HER2 Immunohistochemical Markers in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Khattab Khalid W. Abdulfattah , Alazzo Nadwa Subhi , Mohammed Banan Burhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) has been considered the most frequent bladder tumor. Although the degree of bladder wall invasion and grade of the tumor are the essential prognostic factors in bladder carcinoma, there is no dependable parameter predicting patients’ outcomes.

Objectives:
To assess the frequency of CD10 expression (in tumor cells and tumor stroma) and HER2 (in tumor cells) in primary UC of the urinary bladder and to assess their relation with patients’ age, gender, grade, lympho-vascular invasion, and muscle invasion.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective case series study, 50 cases of primary bladder UC were obtained through a transurethral resection, and a study for CD10 and HER2 was done by immunohistochemical (IHC) technique.

Results:
The age of patients ranged from 34 to 90 years (mean = 59.9 years) with male to female ratio was 7.33:1. CD10 expression in tumor cells was positive in 60% of cases while in the stromal cells, it was only positive in 38% of the cases. HER2 IHC stain was positive in 20 cases (40%). A significant association was detected between stromal CD10 expression with the gender of patients, tumor grade, and muscle invasion (P = 0.0244, P = 0.004115, and P = 0.0378, respectively). HER2 IHC stain showed a significantly higher expression in higher grade and muscle invasion cases (P = 0.00875 and P = 0.0445, respectively). No significant association was detected between tumorous CD10 expression and any clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusion:
CD10 expression in stromal cells (not in tumor cells) and HER2 IHC stain can be used as prognostic markers in primary bladder UC.
Adropin and Preptin Levels in β-Thalassemia Major Complications in Babylon Province
Authors: Ali Zinah Abbass , Shammar Samar Hasan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thalassemia refers to a group of diseases in which one or more globin chains are produced less or not at all, causing a wide range of phenotypes from anemia to clinically asymptomatic individuals. Disturbances in the homeostasis of carbohydrates, serum lipids, and oxidative stress are the most common diseases brought on by iron overload in beta-thalassemia major (β-TM).

Objective:
To examine the association of biochemical parameters with β-TM complications in Babylon Province.

Materials and Methods:
This study involved 100 individuals, separated into two groups: 50 subjects and 50 controls. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure cystatin-C, ferritin, insulin, preptin, and adropin, while serum blood urea (B. urea), serum creatinine (S.Cr), and lipid profile along with fasting glucose concentration were calculated by colorimetric kit using the spectrophotometer method.

Results:
Serum samples were used to measure biochemical parameters of S.Cr, urea, cystatin-C, ferritin, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, adropin, preptin, and lipid profile. Adropin in the patient group of thalassemia was significantly decreased compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.001). However, preptin, cystatin-C, ferritin, B. urea, and S.Cr were elevated in the patient groups compared to the control group (P < 0.005). Also, the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein, showed significant differences between patient group of thalassemia and the control group.

Conclusion:
Adropin and preptin were considerable predictive markers for the development of complications in patients with β-TM.
Unilateral Gemination of the Upper First Permanent Molar: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Khaleel Ameera Kamal , AlRifai Ali Sultan , Bin Shaari Ramizu , Nawi Mohamad Arif Awang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gemination or a double tooth is a rare condition experienced in dental clinics, in which usually the tooth shows one root and two intertwined crowns. It is an incomplete separation for one tooth. The etiology of gemination is multifactorial, such as environmental factors, trauma, and genetics. The study aimed to find the prevalence rate of gemination in Karbala city population. In the present article, an orthopantomogram of 550 patients visiting the oral and maxillofacial private radiology clinic in Al-Mina Dental Center, Iraq/Karbala City was examined for the presence of tooth gemination. The results revealed that only one case of unilateral gemination of the upper first maxillary permanent molar in a male patient 32 years old was reported. The study concludes that the low prevalence rate of gemination confirms the role of racial factors.
Detection and Role of Some Interleukins and Tumor Necrotic Factor Alpha among Patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Alfatlawi Wael Rasheed Obaead , Khudhair Marwa Kadhim , Ali Jwan Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), a contagious illness. Primarily, it affects the respiratory system, although it may also influence other parts of the body (known as extrapulmonary TB).

Objective:
This study aims to measure the levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α in patients infected with TB and determine the influence of these cytokines on the confirmed infection.

Materials and Methods:
This study is limited to 40 collected samples from individuals diagnosed with TB. The selected samples ranged between (20–70) years of age, in addition to the other 40 who are apparently healthy as a control group within the same age range. The studied samples were collected between February 2020 and February 2021 from the Babylon Center for Tuberculosis and Chest Disease. Serum was used to estimate the levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α using a sandwich ELISA experiment.

Results:
The results revealed a highly significant increase in IL-2 levels 83.88 ± 10.62 ng/L in TB patients compared to healthy individuals 58.22 ± 3.12 ng/L, The IL-10 levels showed highly significant differences between the tested subjects (P > 0.05). The mean IL-17 level was increased in TB patients to 115.14 ± 7.99 ng/L, whereas it decreased to 80.00 ± 7.07 ng/L in healthy individuals, and the serum TNF-α concentration was increased in TB patients to 1.33 ± 0.28 ng/L compared to healthy individuals at 0.515 ± 0.07 ng/L.

Conclusions:
IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 were significant components of the immune response to TB; their distinct profiles, obtained from easily accessible kits, might be used to diagnose TB cases. TNF-α is a significant contributor to both the prevention and progression of TB.
Molecular Identification Based on β-Tubulin of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Women in Babylon Province
Authors: Kermasha Zainab Waddah , Al-Masoudi Hayam Khalis , Mohammed Suhaila Fadhil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is an anaerobic flagellated parasite that usually infects the female genitourinary system. The traditional diagnostic tools of T. vaginalis, like wet-mount microscopy, have several limitations regarding technical requirements and accuracy. Consequently, to control the spread of trichomoniasis, fast and accurate detection of trichomoniasis represents a crucial factor in the treatment plan.

Objectives:
This study was performed to utilize polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays as a diagnostic tool for T. vaginalis.

Materials and Methods:
Vaginal swabs were obtained from 186 women who were admitted to the gynecology clinic in Al Sadiq Hospital in Babil Governorate in Iraq. Additionally, a questionnaire was gathered from the female participants regarding their age, residency, history of abortion, and symptoms. DNAs were extracted from the swabs, and conserved β-tubulin genes were amplified using specific primers.

Results:
Of the 186 participant females, 40 women showed positive PCR outcomes of T. vaginalis β-tubulin gene versus only seven positive cases detected by wet-mount microscopy. Residency and age-related prevalence of T. vaginalis infection were not statistically significant, despite the higher positive cases reported in urban areas. Additionally, higher percentages of history of abortion were seen in infected females versus noninfected females. Clinical diagnosis demonstrated that vaginal discharge and itching were the most prevalent symptoms reported by infected females.

Conclusion:
PCR assay used in the current study showed a beneficial and fast diagnostic ability of T. vaginalis because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Consequently, this would blunt the transmission of trichomoniasis among individuals, especially infected patients with asymptomatic properties.
Nurses’ Perspectives of the Supportive Care Needs of Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abboud Roula Mohammad , Saker Nassim Samir , Kadhim Amal Khalaf , Sahi Mohammad Mahdi Saeed , Hussein Hussein Kadhim , Hermis Alaa Hamza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting men. Perceptions of oncology nurses regarding educational needs would assist in gaining more understanding of survivor needs and ultimately provide better quality care to individuals who have completed cancer treatment.

Objectives:
To investigate the nurses’ point of view about the priority and the degree of importance of educational needs for prostate cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
The current study used a descriptive design and was conducted at the chemotherapy and radiology center of Tishreen University Hospital in Lattakia City, Syria during 2020–2021. The study comprised 50 nurses in the chemotherapy department. Tools used in the study were adopted from the Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire Cancer by the researchers to achieve the purpose of the study.

Results:
The majority of studied nurses (82%) aged between 30 and 40 years old, also about half of nurses (46%) were single, two third of nurses (66%) have preparatory degree, the highest ratio of nurses (60%) have from 1 to 5 years of experience, whereas the most of nurses (70%) have from 6 to 10 years of experience in general nursing; finally most of the nurses (78%) did not have any oncology training session. The results also found that there were a statistically significant differences in oncology nursing opinion according to their age, educational level, and years of experience in oncology nursing, whereas there were no statistically significant differences according to the marital status, years of nursing experience in general and training sessions.

Conclusion:
All the information needed by prostate cancer patients is of low importance from the studied nurses’ point of view except the psychological needs with moderate importance. There is a high statistically significant difference in oncology nursing opinion according to the age, educational level, and years of experience.
A Correlation of Alarin with Some Anthropometric Measurements in Iraqi Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Al-Shaabani Russell S. A. , Alaaraj Shakir F. T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic diseases that affect the body’s ability to produce insulin. It is one of the most common endocrine disorders.

Objectives:
This study aims to measure whether there was any association between alarin and some anthropometric measurements (AMs) such as waist/nick (W/N), waist/thoracic (W/T), waist/hip (W/H) in Iraqi type II diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 43 patients from Ramadi Teaching Hospitals, in addition to 43 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum alarin level, while the fasting serum glucose (FSG) level was determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods.

Results:
Serum alarin (ng/mL) was higher in DM patients than in HCs (P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients with T2DM, in addition, FSG) mg/dL (was higher in T2DM than HCs. Furthermore, alarin was positively associated with BMI (0.151), W/H (0.006), W/T (0.008), W/N (0.1260), and FSG (0.612). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicates that alarin and FSG were excellent sensitive markers in the diagnosis of T2DM. Moreover, ROC indicated that W/N gave good sensitive signs. New values of the cutoff value for studied variables have been estimated as follows: alarin (>2.035 ng/mL), W/H (>0.9554), W/T (>0.9633), W/N (>2.665), H/T (>1.06), and FSG (>116.5 mg/dL).

Conclusion:
A very weak correlation appeared for alarin with AMs; the serum level of alarin was higher in T2DM than HCS; this means alarin may be used as a novel biomarker in the detection of T2DM and may be an effective biomarker in the diagnostic test for the disease.
Laparoscopic psychomotor skill proficiency of Filipino medical doctors in-training in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Comendador Maria Mikaela Vitug , Sicam Renee Vina G. , Catena Ursula , Tanos Vasillios , Wilde Rudy Leon De 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The conventional teaching of laparoscopic surgery in academic centers in the apprentice/mentor model is highly subjective. The Gynecological Endoscopic Surgical Education and Assessment is a well-structured education program proposed by the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE). This program uses the Laparoscopic Skills Training and Testing (LASTT) kit, an objective, validated, and measurable test to evaluate an individual’s competence level in basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills. The LASTT kit may be used to assess the basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills of Filipino doctors, guide surgical training recruitment, and improve the local minimally invasive surgery curriculum.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
The study will describe the implementation of the LASTT kit in evaluating the psychomotor skills of Filipino physicians in training and assess the feasibility and user acceptance of the kit.

METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 34 trainees (19 medical interns and 15 surgical residents) were included. All trainees underwent the LASTT test to have the baseline data for comparison of each cohort. A posttest questionnaire for the feasibility and user acceptance of the kit was accomplished.

RESULTS:
A majority of participants were right-handed, and female, with 0–30 laparoscopic assists. The mean age of surgical residents was higher than medical interns. Surgical residents showed a significantly shorter time to accomplish the exercises than medical interns. Finally, it showed that the kit was clear and understandable, easy to use, and represented a realistic model of the actual laparoscopic surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The surgical residents were superior to medical interns in laparoscopic psychomotor skills, which supports that hands-on training and exposure to procedures improve skill proficiency. Furthermore, the LASTT kit was well accepted and would greatly aid in recruitment and skills training in the Philippines.
Uveal Melanoma and its Various Presentations – A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Das Sujit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ocular melanoma is usually a secondary cancer and very rare. Ocular melanoma typically does not cause early signs or symptoms and hence is difficult to detect. About 12% of uveal melanoma arises from the ciliary body. Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intra-ocular malignant tumour and the second most common metastatic site. Complications are glaucoma, vision loss, and metastasis to liver, lungs, and bones. Fine needle aspiration cytology can have significant morbidity and should only be considered if therapeutic intervention is indicated and diagnosis cannot be established by any other means.
Intra Orbital Foreign Body; A Case Series
Authors: Ilango Krishnamurthy , Ravikumar Gopalakrishnan , Swetha Senthil , Senthilnathan V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intra-orbital foreign body (IOFB) refer to foreign objects that penetrate the ocular globe wall and become lodged in the eye. Intra-orbital foreign body vary in nature, anatomical location, size, and shape and sometimes might cause serious threats to vision, some foreign body can be left alone depending on their nature whether it is organic or non-organic, and their chemical nature. This article deals with a case series of intraocular foreign body, their varied presentations, and how the radiological features helped in localization and planning intervention.
Neoadjuvant Intra-arterial Cytoreductive Chemotherapy for Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Vijay Vathsalya , Gudkar Avriel I. , Koka Kirthi , Mukherjee Bipasha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common lacrimal gland malignancy. Despite poor prognosis, the advent of neoadjuvant intra-arterial cytoreductive chemotherapy (IACC) can improve survival. We report the first case of lacrimal gland ACC from the Indian subcontinent managed with IACC. A 45-year-old gentleman presented with painful proptosis with restricted ocular movements in right eye for 6 months. Imaging showed an ill-defined heterogeneous mass involving the right lacrimal gland with calcification and adjacent bony erosion. Incision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lacrimal gland ACC. He received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant intra-arterial cisplatin before tumour excision followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. He had no recurrence at 6 years of follow-up. IACC helps to reduce tumour size, thereby enabling complete tumour excision and globe salvage. IACC is a treatment option worth considering for patients presenting with a large lacrimal gland ACC.
Выставка-посвящение «Мое наследство — дулёвский фарфор»: аналитический обзор
Authors: Гольский И.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье приведен аналитический обзор выставки, организованной в рамках Года педагога и наставника (2023 год) к 75-летию со дня рождения Людмилы Романовны Ведерниковой — хранителя коллекции керамики и стекла Омского областного музея изобразительных искусств имени М.А. Врубеля. Выставка в Омске представила коллекцию дулёвского фарфора, собранную в Москве учеником в дар учителю и в знак благодарной памяти. Определены цель, актуальность и уникальность выставочного проекта, описана его концепция, проанализированы тематико-экспозиционный план и ключевые экспонаты. Выставка акцентировала внимание на дружбе Л.Р. Ведерниковой и скульпторов Дулёвского фарфорового завода А.Д. Бржезицкой и Г.И. Соркиной. Впервые после 1987 года скульптурная композиция «Кактусисты» Г.И. Соркиной демонстрировалась в качестве кашпо для живых цветущих кактусов на фоне авторских эскизов, сообщающих идею автора. В качестве ключевого экспоната выделена скульптура «Татарский танец» А.Д. Бржезицкой, представленная после атрибуции с указанием имени и роли танцовщицы, краткими биографическими сведениями.
The article reviews the exhibition organised as part of the Year of the Teacher and Mentor 2023 on the 75th anniversary of the birth of Lyudmila R. Vedernikova, the curator of the ceramics and glass collection of the Omsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts names after M.A. Vrubel. The exhibition in Omsk presented a collection of Dulevsky porcelain, assembled in Moscow by a student as a gift to a teacher and as a sign of grateful memory. The author of the review delineated the purpose, relevance, and uniqueness of the exhibition project, elucidated its conceptual framework, conducted a critical analysis of the thematic and exhibition plan, and provided a detailed examination of the key exhibits. The exposition focused on the friendship of L.R. Vedernikova and sculptors of the Dulevsky Porcelain Factory — Asta Brzezitskaya and Galina Sorkina. For the first time since 1987, the sculptural composition “Cactusmen” by G.I. Sorkina was shown as a planter for live flowering cacti against the background of the author's sketches, which served to elucidate the conceptual underpinnings of the work. As a key exhibit, the sculpture “Tatar Dance” by A.D. Brzezitskaya was highlighted, presented after attribution with the indication of the name and role of the dancer, brief biographical information.
Immunomodulation by Ayurveda: A New Frontier in Modern Health Care
Authors: Archit Kumar  , Brahm Dutt Sharma  , Nisha Ojha  
Published: December 2024

Immunomodulation is described as regulation and modulation of immunity that might be achieved by reducing or enhancing the immune response depending on the intended result. Since immunomodulation can be used to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Not only does Ayurveda contain the fundamental idea of immunomodulation, but Ayurvedic specialists have been using it for centuries. Methods: The completion of this study involved consolidating information from classical Ayurvedic texts, academic research papers, guidelines, as well as searching databases such as PubMed and MedLine. Results and Discussion: Immunomodulation through Ayurveda single drugs heralds a novel and holistic approach to enhancing child health. Ayurveda, with its rich heritage of natural remedies, offers a treasure trove of single herbal drugs known for their immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion: Many of herbs have been traditionally used to bolster immunity and maintain healthy balance. Utilizing these single drugs in general care can potentially enhance the immune response in all, promoting resilience against infections and diseases. Unlike conventional pharmaceuticals, Ayurveda's natural approach aims to harmonize the body's internal environment, supporting the immune system without adverse side effects.