bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Logic of the Soviet Organisational Society
Authors: Moser Evelyn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper describes and discusses the variant of societal differentiation that evolved under the Soviet regime. The argumentation starts with the conceptualisation of socialism as a program with a universal, function system-exceeding claim for validity. The implementation of the socialist program may be perceived as an effort to create structures which allow complete inclusion in the sense of an all-encompassing political addressability. In this regard, the political leadership tried to set up the society as a hierarchically structured organisation. The example of Soviet agriculture and the structures of Soviet villages, however, show that notwithstanding an all-encompassing degree of organisation, strictly ‘organised’ forms of economic communication coexisted with and were interrelated to ‘non-organisable’ and even ideologically deviant forms of agricultural production by personal smallholdings. Such niches of functional differentiation did not only provide compensation for the inability of the political leadership to cope with societal complexity, but also created connectivity in the world society and could hardly be oppressed without putting the stability of the regime at risk.
Unterstellung relativ marktmächtiger Unternehmen unter die schweizerische Missbrauchsaufsicht
Authors: Zäch Roger , Tuchschmid Felix 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der nachstehende Beitrag basiert auf dem Referat, das am D-A-CH Kartellrechtsforum vom 8. 10. 2020 online gehalten wurde. In der Zwischenzeit wurde das damalige Gesetzgebungsprojekt zur relativen Marktmacht vom schweizerischen Parlament verabschiedet. Im nachstehenden Beitrag werden daher das Zustandekommen und der Inhalt der am 19. 3. 2021 beschlossenen Änderungen des Kartellgesetzes und des Bundesgesetzes gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb dargestellt und gewürdigt. Die beschlossenen Änderungen werden nach unbenutztem Ablauf der Referendumsfrist (bis zum 18. 7. 2021, BBl 2021 757) voraussichtlich im Jahr 2022 in Kraft gesetzt.
Einführung der relativen Marktmacht in der Schweiz
Authors: Stäuber Richard , Burger Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Am 19. 3. 2021 hat das schweizerische Parlament eine Änderung des Kartellgesetzes beschlossen, mit der das Konzept der relativen Marktmacht eingeführt wird. Nach dem neuen Recht sind relativ marktmächtige Unternehmen den marktbeherrschenden gleichgestellt. Der Wortlaut dieser Regelung geht wesentlich über das erklärte Ziel des Gesetzgebers hinaus, diskriminierungsfreie Beschaffungen im Ausland zu ermöglichen. Angesichts dieses Widerspruchs zwischen Wortlaut und erklärtem Ziel des Gesetzgebers sind teleologische und systematische Elemente bei der Auslegung des neuen Rechts von besonderer Bedeutung. Gestützt auf diese Gesichtspunkte wird hier vorgeschlagen, die relative Marktmacht schweizerischer Prägung als Instrument gegen preisbezogene Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen im Vertikalverhältnis zu konzipieren und konkretisieren.
Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation after Dissolution of a Thrombus in the Left Atrial Appendage
Authors: Mazur E. S. , Mazur V. V. , Bazhenov N. D. , Orlov Yu. A. 
Published: June 2021

Aim To compare the incidence of cardiovascular complications (CVC) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) following thrombus dissolution in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and in patients with persistent AF without preceding LAA thrombosis.Material and methods The main group included 43 patients who had been diagnosed with LAA thrombosis on the first examination, transesophageal echocardiography, and who showed dissolution of the thrombus on a repeated study performed after 7.1+2.0 weeks of the anticoagulant treatment. The control group consisted of 123 patients with a risk score >0 for men without LAA thrombosis and score >1 for women without LAA thrombosis according to the CHA2DS2‑VASc scale. The patients were followed up for 47.3±17.9 months. The following unfavorable outcomes were recorded: all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke or systemic thromboembolism, hemorrhagic stroke or severe bleeding, and myocardial infarction (MI).Results Unfavorable clinical outcomes were observed in 39.5 % of patients in the main group and in 3.3 % of patients in the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of ischemic stroke (relative risk (RR), 12.9; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 2.89–57.2), and MI (RR, 5.72; 95 % CI, 1.09–30.1) was higher in the main group. However, the number of MI cases in both groups and the number of stroke cases in the control group increased during the entire follow-up period, while the number of stroke cases rapidly increased only during the first year of follow-up.Conclusion In patients with persistent AF, the risk of CVC after LAA thrombus dissolution remains significantly higher than in patients with AF without LAA thrombosis.
Effects of Estrogen and Exercise Stress on Adrenal Glands of Male Rats
Authors: Ismail Can , Selina Aksak Karamese , Gulname Findik Guvendi , Serpil Can , Ramazan Kocaaslan , Bunyami Unal 
Published: June 2021

Consciously done exercises are beneficial for human health. However, unconscious and wrong practices (medication use, etc…) can cause various injuries and permanent damage to the human body. For reasons such as increasing muscle mass and/or to getting more performance, taking steroid hormones disrupts overall body hormone balance. Effects of exercise on oxygen and energy metabolism and estrogen as an exogenous steroid have significant effects on the adrenal gland. The aim of this study was to see the effects of 17b-estradiol on surrenal glands of rats that is put through regular physical exercises.
36 male Sprague-Dawley rats between the weights 220-250 gr, were put into thermal-controlled room with day-night cycles to stimulate an optimal day for the subjects. The experiment was modeled by dividing 36 animals into 6 groups in total according to the control, exercising and estrogen administration criteria. Experimental group animals received daily doses of 10 μg/kg/day 17-β-estradiol during 30 days. Also exercises group animals ran at 20 m/min on a 15% grade for 90 minutes and rest 34 minutes. Then, TUNNEL and Hematoxylen & Eosin staining were performed to measure the damage on the adrenal glands.
In group 2, dense presence of degenerative fibroblasts and inflammatuary cells infiltration in zona fasciculata were significantly different. In group 3, the degenerative areas were significant in all adrenal cortex zones. In group 4, necrotic areas were determined in zona reticularis. In group 5, zona fasciculata was severely degenerated. With group 6, Sinusoidal features were completely lost in zona reticularis. The results strongly show that exercise may affect the zona glomerulase in short time period. As a result, exposure to exercise and exercise stress with external administration of estradiol may cause cellular degeneration especially zona fasciculata and zona reticularis in the adrenal gland.
Gamma Ray-Induced Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Bacterial Cellulose as a Multi-Functional Agent and its Application
Authors: Mohammad Nasser H. , elsherbiny gamal Mohamed , Hammad Ali A. , Askar Ahmed A. , Nour Salwa A. Abou El 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Antibacterial coatings based on bacterial cellulose (BC) have been widely used in many fields including food packaging and wound dressing. In this study, we aimed to synthesis of colloidal AgNPs and BC/ AgNP composite by using BC as a reducing and capping agent in one step reaction induced by gamma-ray. Bacterial strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus N1 MW322708 was used for biosynthesis BC by inoculation on Hestrin and Schramm medium and incubated statically at 35 °C for 10 days. BC sheet was formed, harvested, purified, and dried, then used for the synthesis of AgNPs and BC/AgNP by soaked 0.05 g of dried BC in 10ml of 1mM aqueous AgNO3 solution for 2h and then irradiated by gamma-ray under different doses. Color change from yellow to deep brown indicated the synthesis of AgNPs and BC/AgNP. The optical spectra of synthesized AgNPs revealed that the surface plasmon resonance was localized around 420 nm. DLS analysis showed that the mean diameter of AgNPs was 49.5 nm with a -19.36-mV value of zeta potential. TEM images revealed the spherical shape of synthesized AgNPs. The results of FESEM, FTIR, and XRD confirmed the formation of BC/AgNO3 composite. The highly crystalline nature of the BC membrane and BC/AgNP composite was observed in XRD measurements with a crystal size of 5.416 and 5.409 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of BC and BC/AgNP against pathogenic bacterial isolated from Pastirma food samples revealed that BC does not show antibacterial activity, while BC/AgNP composite showed antibacterial potency against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli, with an inhibition zone of (mm) 9±1, 9±0.57, 10±1.15, 8±0.5 and 7±0.28, respectively. We concluded that this novel method presented in this paper offers a promising route for both AgNPs and BC/AgNP composites synthesis using a green, renewable biopolymer as a multifunctional agent and potential to be applied in the future development of food packing, biomedical instruments, and therapeutics.
Performance Studies on Low GWP Refrigerants as Eco-friendly Alternatives for R134a in Household Refrigerator
Authors: Padmavathy Saji Raveendran , Chockalingam Murugan Paradesi , Kamaraj Nithyanandhan , Glivin Godwin , Thangaraj Venkatesh , Moorthy Bharathiraja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate changes are a significant environmental issue and rises global temperature. The key environmental objectives are to reduce carbon emissions and to mitigate the climate change impacts. The household refrigerator is the most important emitter of greenhouse gases because they use high global warming potential refrigerants. The Kyoto Protocol states that the power consumption and environmental effects of household refrigerators must be reduced. In the development of future household refrigerator, the replacement of existing refrigerants and enhance its energy efficiency will play an important role. Therefore, the performance of a household refrigerator operating with various environmentally friendly refrigerant mixtures was investigated using analytical methods. This simulation was carried out using MATLAB software, and the REFPROP database was used to obtain thermophysical properties of the refrigerants. The findings have shown that the COP of HFO mixtures is drops from 4–20% compared to R134a. The R1234ze/R134a (90/10) is a better mixture, with its estimated COP and energy efficiency 3.7–16.4% and 4–16% respectively above the other mixtures considered in this analysis and its performance is very similar to the R134a. It could be a good substitute for R134a in the refrigerator to satisfy the Montreal and Kyoto Protocol expectations.
Development, Evaluation of the PNA RT-LAMP Assay for Rapid Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bat-Ochir Chinbayar , Kim Yeon-Sook , Kim Han Gyeul , Lee See Sok , Lee Han Woo , Park Hee Kyung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dual-labeled PNA probe used RT-LAMP molecular rapid assay targeting SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N genes was developed, and the analytical, clinical performances for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA extracted from clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens were evaluated in this study. Data showed that this assay is highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, and the absolute detection limit is 1 genomic copy per microliter of viral RNA which can be considered to be comparable to gold-standard molecular diagnostic method real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Both clinical sensitivity and specificity against a commercial real-time RT-PCR assay were determined as identical. In conclusion, the PNA RT-LAMP assay showed high analytical and clinical accuracy which are identical to real-time RT-PCR which has been routinely used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Clinical Outcomes of Sildenafil Application in Patients of Poor Endometrial Development
Authors: Guo Meiling , Lv Jianan , Xin Hua , Yan Yuchen , zhou wei , yu na , Xia Mingdi , li Jing , Zhang Qian , Yan Junhao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Problem: Does sildenafil have an effect on pregnancy outcomes in patients with poor endometrial development?Methods: This study included 472 infertility patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-FET) and suffered from poor endometrial development in the hormone replacement cycle (HRC) from April 2017 to July 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: the sildenafil group(n=88) and the control group(n=384). Endometrial thicknesses and types on endometrial transformation day, as well as pregnancy outcomes after FET (biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early abortion, late abortion, and live birth rates) between two groups were analyzed. Results: No signiﬁcant differences were observed in endometrial thicknesses and types on endometrial transformation day between the sildenafil group and the control group. There were also no statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the application of sildenafil could not improve endometrial thickness and type of the day of endometrial transformation and the growth of endometrial thickness. Moreover, the sildenafil was not closely related to clinical pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: Sildenafil could not better endometrial development and pregnancy outcomes in patients with poor endometrial development.
Association of Ventilator Type with Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: FERRE Alexis , Marquion Fabien , Delord Marc , Bédos Jean-Pierre , Bellut Hugo , Gros Antoine , Henao-Brasseur Juliana , Lacave Guillaume , Laurent Virginie , Paul Marine , Raphalen Jean-Herlé , Roche Anne , Salvetti Marie , Sarfati Florence , Simon Christelle , Troché Gilles , Worsmer Alexandre , Charbonnel Clément , Convers-Domart Raphaele , Marque-Juillet Stéphanie , Bruneel Fabrice , Legriel Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the association between ventilator type and hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 infection) during the first wave of the disease in France.Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital for ARDS related to proven COVID-19, between March and May 2020. All patients were intubated. We compared two patient groups defined by whether an ICU ventilator or a less sophisticated ventilator such as a transport ventilator was used. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Cox multivariate regression was performed to identify associations between patient characteristics and hospital mortality.Results: We included 82 patients (61 [74.4%] men) with a median age of 64 years [55–74], of whom 23 (28.1%) died before hospital discharge. By multivariate analysis, factors associated with in-hospital mortality were older age (HR, 1.06/year; 95%CI, 1.00–1.11; P=0.05) and diabetes mellitus (HR, 3.32; 95%CI, 1.13–9.76; P=0.03) but not ventilator type. Using non-ICU ventilator was associated neither with a longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (20 [12-36] vs. 25 [15-31] days; P=0.87) nor with a longer ICU stay (24 [14-40] vs. 27 [15-37] days; P=0.64).Conclusions: In patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, the use of non-ICU ventilators, such as transport ventilators, was not associated with worse outcomes. Although prospective data are needed to confirm our findings, this study suggests that transport ventilators may be valuable during COVID-19 surges that overwhelm ICU resources.
Enzymatic Ligation of Antibody and Cell-Penetrating Peptide for Efficient and Cell-Specific siRNA Delivery
Authors: Ando Yu , Nakazawa Hikaru , Miura Daisuke , Umetsu Mitsuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A fusion protein comprising an antibody and a cell-penetrating peptide is a candidate molecule capable of efficient and cell-specific delivery of siRNA into cells in order to reduce the side effects of nucleic acid drugs. However, their expression in bacterial hosts, required for their development, often fails, impeding research progress. In this study, we separately prepared anti-EGFR nanobodies with the K-tag sequence MRHKGS at the C-terminus and arginine-9 (R9) with the Q-tag sequence LLQGS at the N-terminus, and enzymatically ligated them in vitro by microbial transglutaminase to generate Nanobody-R9, which is not expressed as a fused protein in E. coli. Nanobody-R9 exhibited a maximum reaction efficiency of 85.1%, without changing the properties of the nanobody or R9. Nanobody-R9 successfully delivered siRNA into the cells, and the cellular influx of siRNA increased with increase in the ratio of Nanobody-R9 to siRNA. We further demonstrated that the Nanobody-R9–siRNA complex, at a 30:1 ratio, induced RNAi of target mRNA with approximately 52% efficiency compared to lipofectamine.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of 20MnTiB High-Strength Bolts in Simulation of Humid Climate in Chongqing
Authors: Chen Lin , Wen Juan , Zhang Luyu , Li Zheng , Li Guangwen , Ming Chengwu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
20MnTiB steel is the most widely used high-strength bolt material for steel structure bridges in China, and its performance is of great significance to the safe operation of bridges. Based on the investigation of the atmospheric environment in Chongqing in recent years, the corrosion solution to simulate the humid climate of Chongqing was designed in this study, and the stress corrosion experiment of high-strength bolts in the simulated humid climate of Chongqing was carried out. The effects of temperature, pH and concentration of simulated corrosion solution on the stress corrosion behavior of 20MnTiB high-strength bolts were studied.
Landscape of Immune Cell Infiltration in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Shi Shasha , Peng Fu , Yu Chenghao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCervical cancer is a life-threatening cancer among women. It is the second most prevalent malignant tumor in women. It ranks high in cancer deaths among women worldwide, including in the United States. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as an important therapeutic approach to treat several cancers, including cervical cancer. Notably, the development and progress of cervical cancer may be related to sustained immune response. This underlines the need to clarify immune cell infiltration (ICI) in cervical cancer tissues. MethodsIn this study, disease-related information of 964 cervical cancer patients was first retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We utilized bioinformatics data to analyze the expression profiles of immune genes in cervical cancer tissues. ResultsPatients were divided into high and low groups according to ICI score. High ICI scores corresponded with activation of immune signaling pathways and high tumor mutation burden (TMB), which was related to better prognosis of G1-2 cervical cancer. In addition, most immune checkpoints and immuno-related genes such as CD274, CD8A, CXCL10, etc. were over-expressed in the high ICI group. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that ICI score can accurately predict the prognosis of cervical cancer. Understanding ICI patterns will deepen our understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) of cervical cancer, which may create the foundation for the development of efficient immunotherapeutic strategies against the cancer.
Exploring The Molecular Mechanisms of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Through Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Lili Zhu , YuKun Zhu , Tian Zhuangzhuang , Li Yongsheng , Cao Liyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is the most common HL in the modern society. Although the treatment of cHL has made great progress, its molecular mechanisms have yet to be deciphered.
Objectives

The purpose of this study is to find out the crucial potential genes and pathways associated with cHL.
Methods

We downloaded the cHL microarray dataset (GSE12453) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cHL samples and normal samples through the limma package in R. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were carried out. Finally, we constructed the protein-protein interaction network to screen out the hub genes using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database.
Results

We screened out 788 DEGs in the cHL dataset, such as BATF3, IER3, RAB13 and FCRL2. GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were related with regulation of lymphocyte activation, secretory granule lumen and chemokine activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the genes enriched in Prion disease, Complement and coagulation cascades and Parkinson disease Coronavirus disease-COVID-19 pathway. Protein-protein interaction network construction identified 10 hub genes (IL6, ITGAM, CD86, FN1, MMP9, CXCL10, CCL5, CD19, IFNG, SELL, UBB) in the network.
Conclusions

In the present investigation, we identified several pathways and hub genes related to the occurrence and development of cHL, which may provide an important basis for further research and novel therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators for cHL.
Rice miR1432 Fine-Tunes The Balance of Yield and Blast Disease Resistance Via Different Modules
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Ya-Ping , Zhou Xin-Hui , Yang Xue-Mei , He Xiao-Rong , Feng Qin , Zhu Yong , Li Guo-Bang , Wang He , Zhao Jing-Hao , Pu Mei , Zhou Shi-Xin , Ji Yun-Peng , Zhao Zhi-Xue , Zhang Ji-Wei , Huang Yan-Yan , Fan Jing , Zhang Ling-Li , Wang Wen-Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
microRNAs act as fine-tuners in the regulation of plant growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that rice miR1432 fine-tunes yield and blast disease resistance via different modules. The expression of miR1432 is differentially regulated in the susceptible and resistance accessions by the infection of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of miR1432 leads to compromised resistance and decreased yield, whereas blocking miR1432 using a target mimic of miR1432 results in enhanced resistance and yield. Moreover, miR1432 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os03g59790, which encodes an EF-hand family protein 1 (OsEFH1). Overexpression of OsEFH1 leads to enhanced rice resistance but decreased grain yield. Consistently, blocking miR1432 or overexpression of OsEFH1 improves pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern- triggered immunity. In contrast, overexpression of ACOT, a previously identified target gene of miR1432 involved in the regulation of rice yield traits, has no significant effects on rice blast disease resistance. Altogether, these results indicate that miR1432 balances yield and resistance via different target genes, and blocking miR1432 can simultaneously improve yield and resistance.