bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Natural Compounds
Authors: Kaleem Mohammed , Perwaiz Maryam , Nur Suza Mohammad , Abdulrahman Abdulrasheed O. , Ahmad Wasim , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , Kumar Vikas , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Anwar Firoz 
Published: July 2021

:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly resistant, lethal, and metastatic
sub-division of breast carcinoma, characterized by the deficiency of estrogen receptor
(ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).
In women, TNBC shows a higher aggressive behavior with poor patient prognosis and a
higher recurrence rate during reproductive age. TNBC is defined by the presence of epithelial-
to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), which shows a significant role in cancer progression.
At the epigenetic level, TNBC is characterized by epigenetic signatures, such as
DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and a host of miRNA, MiR-193, LncRNA, HIF-
2α, eEF2K, LIN9/NEK2, IMP3, LISCH7/TGF-β1, GD3s, KLK12, mediated regulation.
These modifications either are silenced or activate the necessary genes that are prevalent
in TNBC. The review is based on epigenetic mediated mechanistic changes in TNBC.
Furthermore, Thymoquinone (TQ), Regorafenib, Fangjihuangqi decoction, Saikosaponin
A, and Huaier, etc., are potent antitumor natural compounds extensively reported in the
literature. Further, the review emphasizes the role of these natural compounds in TNBC
and their possible epigenetic targets, which can be utilized as a potential therapeutic strategy
in the treatment of TNBC.
Biodegradable Polymers-based Nanoparticles to Enhance the Antifungal Efficacy of Fluconazole against Candida albicans
Authors: Saleh Noha , Elshaer Soha , Girgis Germeen 
Published: July 2021

Background:Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy.Objective:This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a method of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ.Methods:NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans.Results:The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (<12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times.Conclusion:The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.
Staphylococcus aureus: Biofilm Formation and Strategies Against it
Authors: Nasser Ahmad , Dallal Mohammad Mehdi Soltan , Jahanbakhshi Shiva , Azimi Taher , Nikouei Leila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm causes significant infections in the human body. Biofilm forms through the aggregation of bacterial species and brings about many complications. It mediates drug resistance and persistence and facilitates the recurrence of infection at the end of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm formation is completed in a series of steps, and any interference in these steps can disrupt its formation. Such interference may occur at any stage of biofilm production, including attachment, monolayer formation, and accumulation. Interfering agents can act as quorum sensing inhibitors and interfere in the functionality of quorum sensing receptors, attachment inhibitors, and affect cell hydrophobicity. Among these inhibiting strategies, attachment inhibitors could serve as the best agents against biofilm formation, because in case pathogens abort the attachment, the next stages of biofilm formation, e.g., accumulation and dispersion, will fail to materialize. Inhibition at this stage leads to suppression of virulence factors and invasion. One of the best knowing inhibitors is a chelator that collects metal, Fe+, Zn+, and magnesium critical for biofilm formation. These effective factors in the binding and formation of biofilm are investigated, and the coping strategy is discussed. This review examines the stages of biofilm formation and determines what factors interfere in the continuity of these steps. Finally, the inhibition strategies are investigated, reviewed, and discussed.
The Impacts of PLGA/PEG Triblock Copolymers with Variable Molecular Weights on the Sustained Release of Buprenorphine
Authors: Oroojalian Fatemeh , Hadizadeh Farzin , Kamali Hossein , Khodaverdi Elham , Mohammadpour Fatemeh , Kakavand Ali , Shiadeh Seyedeh Nesa Rezaeian 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Current in-situ injectable implants of buprenorphine (BP) such as Sublocade®
consist of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-dissolved PLGA. To control the initial burst release of
Sublocade® during the first 24 hours after injection, we here used a BP in-situ forming composite
(ISFC) employing different molecular weights of PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock.

Methods:
The triblock was synthesized by Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) using PEG
molecules with weights of 1500, 3000, and 4000 Da via the melting method. The specifications of
the triblocks were evaluated by 1H-NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The sol-gel, gel-precipitate temperatures,
in-vitro release, and composites’ morphology, degradation, and toxicity were assessed
for determining the features of ISFC 1500, ISFC 3000, and ISFC 4000 formulations. ROP was performed
successfully via the melting method. The yields of all polymerization reactions were
greater than 83.4%.

Results:
The PEG 1500 triblock showed both sol-gel and gel-precipitate temperatures, but PEG
3000 and 4000 only showed a sol-precipitate temperature. The values of initial burst release of BP
from ISFC 1500, ISFC 3000, and ISFC 4000 were 6.52 ± 0.22%, 12.39 ± 0.61%, and 15.80 ±
0.98%, respectively. BP release from the ISFCs wascompleted over three weeks for ISFC 1500 and
10 days for ISFC 3000 and ISFC 4000. The composites containing PEG 3000 and PEG 4000 were
more spongy and porous than PEG 1500. The ISFC 1500 delivered a higher cell viability (95.17 ±
1.15%) compared with ISFC 3000 (86.37 ± 2.25%) and ISFC 4000 (79.70 ± 3.77%).

Conclusion:
These results indicated that ISFC 1500 wasbiocompatible and delivered suitable early
initial burst reactions compared with ISFC 3000 and 4000 and might be a good candidate for preparing
sustained-release formulation of BP.
Adsorption of Cisplatin on Oxidized Graphene Nanoribbons for Improving the Uptake in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cell Line A549
Authors: Shende Pravin , Augustine Steffi , Prabhakar Bala 
Published: July 2021

Background:Graphene nanoribbons are nanosized strips of graphene with unique physicochemical properties like higher drug loading capacity and affinity for tumor cells.Objective:The principal objective of this research was to develop oxidized graphene nanoribbons (O-GNRs)-based delivery system for cisplatin against non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line A549 by selective endocytosis.Method:The O-GNRs prepared using various synthetic steps like oxidative unzipping were evaluated for various parameters like morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study, % adsorption efficacy, Differential scanning colometric (DSC) study and in-vitro efficacy studies.Results:Graphene nanoribbons with the length of 200-250 nm and width of 20-40 nm were obtained. The FTIR spectrum of drug-loaded O-GNRs exhibited a characteristic peak at 1550 cm-1 (- N-H group) of cisplatin. The DSC indicated the presence of sharp endothermic peaks at 59 ºC (PEG), 254 ºC (-C-NH3) and 308.6 ºC (-C-Pt). The % adsorption efficiency was found to be 74.56 ± 0.798% with in-vitro release in controlled manner (63.36% ± 0.489%) for 24 h.Conclusion:The nanoformulation showed an average inhibition of 22.72% at a lower dose of cisplatin (> 25%) by passive targeting on cell line A549 by DNA alkylation. In the near future, graphene-based systems will establish potential nanosystems in cancer treatment due to the additive effect of graphene with various therapeutic agents.
Morphological Based Medical Image Processing on Cervical Cytology Cancer
Images Using Connected Component Techniques
Authors: Robert P. , Kavida A. Celine 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. In 2018, it
was estimated 570000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide and about 311000
women died from the disease. An efficient technique is essential for solving the complication in the
diagnosis of cervical cancer images.

Materials and Methods:
In this research, a new method is developed for cervical cancer image segmentation.
First, the RGB image is converted into an HSI color model. The thresholding is applied
to the saturation and intensity components to get binary images. These binary images are combined
to get a new mask. Using the connected component concept nucleus and cytoplasm are segmented
accurately.

Results:
For the performance evaluation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE),
structural similarity index (SSIM), image quality index (IQI), structural content (SC), normalized
cross-correlation (NK), precision (PR), recall (RC), the Average Difference (AD) and image fidelity
(IF) are taken. The proposed techniques’ highest PSNR values are 44.2341, 46.7953,
60.5925, and 61.4862, respectively. The proposed segmentation technique can attain a high PSNR
(>40db) value at a threshold value equal to 0.1. Also proposed approach attains good precision, recall,
and SSIM values.

Conclusion:
The lowest MSE values using proposed segmentation techniques are 0.0454, 0.0351,
0.0924, and 0.0271 individually. The AD, NK, SC, NAE, and LMSE values for the implemented
approach are low, showing the segmented image’s quality is very good. Thus, the proposed model
performed better compared to other methods.
Multiple Rebound-Associated Vertebral Fractures after Denosumab Discontinuation:
Is Prompt Antiresorptive Therapy Always Recommended, Even When the Risk of Fracture Seems Low? A Case Report
Authors: Osella Giangiacomo , Puglisi Soraya , Alì Anna , Reimondo Giuseppe , Terzolo Massimo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Non-osteoporotic patients with endocrine-sensitive breast cancer are often
treated with denosumab only during the anti-aromatase treatment, and when the anti-aromatase
therapy is discontinued, no antiresorptive drug is prescribed. This case report clearly shows how
even a patient with a low risk of fractures could have multiple rebound vertebral fractures after
denosumab discontinuation.

Case Presentation:
We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who suffered from multiple vertebral
fractures only seven months after discontinuation of denosumab that had been administered to
prevent bone loss related to three years of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
No antiresorptive therapy was prescribed at the time of denosumab discontinuation, assuming
that the patient had a low absolute risk of fracture after the withdrawal of the aromatase inhibitor.

Conclusion:
This case underlines the relative irrelevance of bone mineral density and clinical algorithms
in predicting the risk of rebound-associated vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation
and the strong recommendation to always switch to another antiresorptive therapy (such as
zoledronic acid) immediately at the time of denosumab discontinuation.
Development of story calendar media: Literacy resources for learning of narrative writing skills and character responsibilities
Authors: Rokhmani Tri Astuti , Suhardi Suhardi 
Published: July 2021

This research is motivated by the need for instructional media to improve narrative writing skills and the character of student responsibility. Because of this, a story calendar with the theme of responsibility was developed. This research is RnD research. Starting from research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision. Based on the results of the media development that has been performed above, it can be conclude that the story calendar media are ready for implementation. The validity is proven by the validators, consisting the media expert, material expert, language expert, and also from the teachers and students responses. The mean score from the expert and teachers responses is belongs to “Very Eligible” criteria. All the students responses showed that they said “Yes” almost 100% in all the statement from the students questionnaire. It is excpected that the story calendar media can serve as an alternative of literacy media and supplementation learning material, especially for writing skills learning and developing student’s responsibility character. Keywords: media, story calendar, writing skill, narrative, responsibility
Hidden risks of respiratory support in neonates: retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Bolonska A.V. , Sorokina O.Yu. 
Published: July 2021

Background. Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) is the main reason for visual disability in premature survivors. RP increases chances for re-hospitalization and re-admission for special help by 1.5–4 times. It can lead to blindness in childhood. Risk factors for RP are mechanical ventilation and oxygen as well as weight gain problems in the postnatal period. The purpose was to assess the influence of different elements of intensive care on the development of severe RP, particularly, respiratory support strategies. Materials and methods. Simple retro-prospective blind non-randomized trial in two separate medical centers of Dnipro enrolled 122 premature neonates with the gestational age of 28–32 weeks from 2016 till 2020. The endpoint for assessment was the development of moderate and severe RP. We performed a univariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for main risk factors. The confidence p level was 0.05. Results. Eighteen percent of premature neonates presented with moderate or severe RP on the 14th day of intensive care according to routine ophthalmologic examination. The moderate and severe RP was associated with an increase in length of noninvasive respiratory care by 4 times (p = 0.01), prolonged conventional ventilation by two-fold (p = 0.33), CPAP length by 4.5 times (p = 0.05), longer usage of additional oxygen (FiO2 > 30 %) by 4 times (p = 0.01). AUC for all these predictors ranged from 0.63 to 0.68. We found the following main predictors of retinopathy. According to statistics, every single day of respiratory support increases the chance of moderate or severe RP by 7–9 % depending on ventilation method, and caffeine citrate usage increases this chance by 6 times. Every 100 g of weight decrease is associated with a 16% increase in RP development risk (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Any respiratory support increases the risk of moderate and severe RP. Thus, the usage of these intensive care modalities can’t be preventive. Attentive modes of weight control should help in the prophylaxis of RP development as well as usual ophthalmologic examinations.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HEXANE AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF KNOXIA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) DC.
Authors: S LOGANATHAN , K SELVAM 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The study was carried out the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) Dc. using hexane and ethyl acetate extracts.
Methods: The phytochemical screening was extracted from hexane and ethyl acetate solvent and its screening was analyzed by standard procedure. GC-MS technique was analyzed in ethyl acetate extract to identify the components present in the extract. The hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the plant was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria using disk diffusion method.
Results: The phytochemical screening was revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and tannins. The GC-MS results showed that the presence of seven bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract. The major compounds were identified such as N-Hexadecanoic Acid (9.336), 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-Bromo-N-Butyl] - (37. 883). The ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was noticed in S. aureus (8.25 mm) using ethyl acetate extracts at 50 μg.
Conclusion: Thus, this study the information regarding the phytochemical constituents present in the both extract. Hence, it can be used for further therapeutic applications in the near future study.
THE INSULINOTROPIC EFFECT OF THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVES IN TYPE II DIABETIC MODEL, RIN-5F CELLS, AND ITS ACTION ON CULTURED HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLAST SHOWS OXYGEN FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
Authors: S REKHA , DIVEKAR KALPANA , S CHANDRASHEKHARA 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a persistent disorder caused by deficiency in insulin production. Oxidative stress plays an important role in physiopathology of diabetes. The present research determined the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of 5-naphthalidin thiazolidinediones derivatives.
Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out on diabetes induced male Swiss albino rats by single intramuscular injection of alloxan (0.15 mg/kg i.m) and IDDM-rats received 4b, 4c, or 4d (36 mg/kg, p.o). The derivatives were further subjected to insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells confirmed insulinotropic effect. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using enzymatic activities on cell lines In addition, all the synthesized derivatives showed non-toxic effects against a diseased human lung fibroblast (COPD), HCC7231 (TACC CCL-96).
Results: The results revealed that 4b, 4c, and 4d showed promising results by substantially lowering the blood glucose levels on 21st day of post-administration. Serum insulin levels substantially rose, suggesting that derivatives exert insulinotropic effects through different pathways. 4c showed oxygen free-radical scavenging activity.
Conclusion: Our study proves that oral administration of 5-naphthalidin-TZD twice a day is a valuable treatment for type II diabetes. It seems to be a good drug moiety endowed significant oxygen free-radical scavenging activity.
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI PREVALENCE IN CANCER PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CANCER CENTRE – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: MURUGESAN SARAVANAN , TK SUJINA , SAMUEL SAJANI , KE SARATH , RUDRAPATHY PARTHIBAN 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MR-coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), as well as their antimicrobial resistance, in various samples from cancer patients in North Kerala.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer centre in North Kerala over a 4-year period from January 2016 to December 2019. During the study, data on all cultures from cancer patients was analyzed. This study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB). Non-duplicate isolates of staphylococci were included in the study obtained from various clinical specimens. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using automated methods.
Results: During the period of 4 years (2016–2019), a total of 1176 isolates of staphylococci were analyzed, out of which 784 were S. aureus isolates (68%) and 392 (32%) isolates were CoNS. Among CoNS species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most common species of CoNS, representing 39% and 28% of the total CoNS identified. Overall prevalence of methicillin resistance in S. aureus and CoNS was found to be 50.7% and 55.6%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates showed higher resistance to multiple drugs than methicillin-sensitive staphylococci isolates.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRS could also be a haul in cancer patients at North Kerala. A higher percentage of MR-CoNS isolates are multidrug resistant than MRSA isolates. Glycopeptides and linezolid still stay the mainstay for treatment for MRS infections.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NON-TRAUMATIC MYELOPATHIES USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: BEHERA BIJAYA KUMAR , JENA SUKANTA KUMAR , BEHERA NISARG 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to identify the etiology of non-traumatic myelopathies of both compressive and non-compressive types with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: This retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with a clinical diagnosis of non-traumatic myelopathy belonging to the age group of 15–75 years from August 2018 to July 2020 in the Departments of General Medicine and Radiodiagnosis of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and findings of MRI spine and brain were compiled. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Among 100 patients of non-traumatic myelopathy, 65 patients presented with compressive myelopathy and 35 patients with non-compressive myelopathy where 56 patients presented with paraparesis and 44 with quadriparesis. Pott’s spine (n=25, 38.46%) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) (n=24, 68.57%) were the most common etiologies found in compressive and non-compressive groups, respectively.
Conclusion: Pott’s Spine, spondylotic myelopathy, and ATM were the most common etiologies of non-traumatic myelopathy. MRI has proven to be the ultimate imaging modality for their etiological evaluation.