bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Solar Dryer with Thermal Energy Storage System for Drying of Agro Products
Authors: Govindan Gopinath Radhakrishnan , Sattanathan Muthuvel , Muthiah Muthukannan , Ranjitharamasamy Sudhakarapandian , Athikesavan Muthu Manokar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The drying of food products is an essential step in the preservation ofcrops and agricultural by-products that serve as raw materials for numerous end applications. Solar drying with Phase Change Material (PCM) is an efficient low-energy consumption processin the post-reapingstage, reducing food deterioration. A customized solar dryer setup was assembled usingCudappah (black) stones as the baseof the drying chamber to facilitate the absorption of solar energy on its surface. Theorganic paraffin wax, with a melting point of 60℃,was used as PCM in the solar dryer. The novelty of the study is the application of a PCMin asolar dryer to improve the effectiveness of drying and decrease the absolute drying period and the microbial content in the dried food products. The study compared the drying characteristics between open sun drying, solar dryingwithout and with PCM (100 and 200 grams). The fabricated setup was utilised for drying coconut using a PCM-based solar drying method.The coconut was dried from an initial moisture content of 55.5% to a final moisture content of about 9%. The prototype dryer modelminimized the use ofthe workforce,avoided improper drying,and decreased the absolute drying time. A Total Plate Count (TPC) test was conducted to characterize the microbial content in the dried coconut.The microbial count decreased with the use of 200 g PCM as the use of PCM retained the heat for a longer time in the chamber. The drying time of the coconut was decreased by about 28 and 52 hours by installing of about 100 and 200g of PCM respectively. The drying time of the coconut decreased with an increase in the amount of PCM in the solar dryer. The sensory characteristics like colour, taste, flavour, quality, and texture of the solar-dried coconut sample were superiorto the sun-dried coconut sample.
A Study on Spatio-Temporal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Ciliate Community Structure of Three Freshwater Bodies from Delhi, India.
Authors: Abraham Jeeva Susan , Somasundaram Sripoorna , Maurya Swati , Gupta Renu , Toteja Ravi , Makhija Seema 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The present investigation studied the spatial and temporal variation of the physicochemical parameters and their correlation with the ciliate community structure. Samples were collected from three freshwater sites viz., Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL) and Raj Ghat (RJ) in alternate months for one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Physicochemical parameters studied were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), water hardness (WH), chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Ciliate diversity, structure and abundance were studied using various diversity indices. Multiple statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficients, principal component analysis (PCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to analyze the data. Maximum ciliate diversity, richness and evenness were observed in the OBS site. Maximum ciliate diversity was observed from class Spirotrichea (47%), followed by Oligohymenophorea (20%), Prostomatea (16%), Phyllopharyngea (6%), Colpodea (5%), Heterotrichea (3%), Litostomatea (2%) and Karyorelictea (1%). Maximum diversity was observed during the monsoon and post monsoon season and lowest during the winter and summer season. The present study on the dynamics of the environment driven community assembly suggests that ciliates are good indicators for assessing community-level responses and can be useful in predicting the water quality as well as environmental degradation in future.
Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in Gas Exchange Mechanism and Providing Protection against Progression of any Respiratory Viral Disease like SARS-CoV-2 and Need to focus it as First Point of Medication for all Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Phadke Makarand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
During inhalation oxygen molecules are drawn towards type I cells. The partial pressure difference and solubility factor act as a Drive for this movement of oxygen molecules.It is well known that the pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in gas exchange. The surfactant is thin mono-layer. The top surface of surfactant with SP-B and C proteins faces alveolar air and is hydrophobic in nature and acts as a surface tension reducer, whereas lower surface with SP-A and D proteins, is hydrophilic and is adsorbed on mucosal layer. This lower surface of surfactant acts as an anti invader, pathogen barrier. However there is a small missing link in explaining its exact mechanism or role in justifying these properties during normal conditions and during ‘viral ligand’ attack.Similarly a unique physical property of SP- C component is listed in research papers; however its application is not researched anywhere. SP-C has a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 and plays a very critical role in drastically reducing progression of any respiratory viral disease including SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis targets to explain both micro mechanisms with the help of basic laws of physics, and fluid mechanics. The figures/sketches, drawn also depict the physics involved and not much of a physiology or genetic codes etc. Two examples, in the industry, are briefly listed in the last paragraphs to draw some parallel with above mechanisms.Vaccination is a proven method for containment of a particular respiratory viral disease, if not its cure. But if focus is also given on health of pulmonary surfactant with respect to pathogenesis of any respiratory viral disease, and development of a broad spectrum medication on it; probable loss of lot many lives can be avoided and vaccine development and vaccination management related issues can be less panicky.
Fibrin-derived Peptide Bβ15-42 and Earthworm Fibrinolytic Enzyme A Inhibit Atherosclerosis and Inflammation via the VE-cadherin Pathway
Authors: Xu Jiaping , Xu Guoli , Yin Xiaowei , Liu Yiteng , Sun Xin , Wang Fen , cao yongjun , Liu Chunfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Elevated fibrinogen increases risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The biological effects of the fibrin-derived peptide Bβ15–42 are different from fibrin and promote vascular and anti-inflammatory effects. Fragments of fibrinogen cleavage by earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme A (EFEa) are structurally similar to Bβ15–42. Therefore, we evaluated if Bβ15–42 and EFEa have anti-atherosclerotic effects. To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Bβ15–42 and EFEa, we used New Zealand rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet to promote atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells with high expression of VE-cadherin were used to determine the mechanism of action of Bβ15–42 and EFEa to inhibit the deleterious effect of fibrin. Both Bβ15–42 and EFEa significantly reduced atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Vascular fibrinogen deposition and inflammatory cell aggregation was significantly reduced in rabbits treated with Bβ15–42 or EFEa. In addition, Bβ15–42 and EFEa stabilized the structure of endothelial cells and decreased inflammatory cell migration. Bβ15–42 and EFEa protected endothelial cell function by reducing the effect of fibrinogen in the VE-cadherin pathway. Therefore, the fibrin-derived Bβ15–42 peptide exhibited anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduced vascular fibrinogen deposition and inflammatory cell aggregation in the aorta. Furthermore, EFEa has similar Bβ15-42-like anti-atherosclerotic effects.
Downstream Super-magnetosonic Plasma Jet Generation as a Direct Consequence of Shock Reformation
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Karlsson Tomas , Vaivads Andris , Pollock Craig , Plaschke Ferdinand , Johlander Andreas , Trollvik Henriette , Lindqvist P.-A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Earth's bow shock, resulting from the interaction of the super-magnetosonic solar wind and Earth's magnetic field, has been studied for over 50 years and serves as an ideal astrophysical laboratory to study collisionless shocks. The Earth's bow shock offers a unique opportunity to study it through in-situ measurements. Shocks are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators and have been connected to relativistic electron acceleration and cosmic rays. Upstream shock observations include wave generation, wave-particle interactions and SLAMS, while at the shock and downstream, particle acceleration, magnetic reconnection and plasma jets can be observed.
Here, using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) we show the first in-situ evidence of super-magnetosonic downstream flows (jets) generated at the Earth’s bow shock as a direct consequence of shock reformation. Jets are observed downstream due to a combined effect of upstream plasma wave evolution and an ongoing reformation cycle of the bow shock. This generation process can also be applicable to planetary and astrophysical plasmas where collisionless shocks are commonly found.
Riccati Generalized Resonant States of Higher-order Nonlinear Schrӧdinger Equation With Pӧschl-teller Potential
Authors: Kadian Nisha , Bhatia Sanjana , Pathania Shailza , Goyal Amit , Choragudi Nagaraja Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present resonant state solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schrӧdinger model, with Pӧschl-Teller (PT) potential, under certain parametric conditions. It is found that the localized solutions can be expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions F(a, b, c; z). The dynamics of these resonant states and their control using isospectral Hamiltonian approach is well illustrated for PT potential, which is analytically tractable.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vegetation and Its Differentiation Mechanism Based on Geographical Detector
Authors: Wang Guangjie , peng wenfu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding of the influence of factors on vegetation changes in different is still largely unknown. We have applied the Geographic Detector, a new spatial statistical method to study the interactive effects of factors on the spatial patterns of normalized vegetation index (NDVI) changes and determine the optimal characteristics of key impact factors that are beneficial to vegetation growth. Our results show that the vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015 for the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, western China was in good condition, the areas of 0.6<NDVI>0.8 and NDVI>0.8 accounted for more than 80%, and the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover were significant. The changes of vegetation cover were showed a significant transformation in the regions of NDVI>0.6. Our study uniquely illustrated that the elevation, annual average temperature and soil type can relatively well explain the vegetation changes. We propose that there are interactive effects between impact factors on vegetation NDVI, and the synergistic effects of the impact factors show mutual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement. The interactions between impact factors significantly enhance the impact of a single factor on vegetation changes. The most suitable characteristics of the main impact factors that promote the vegetation growth revealed help a better understanding of the impact of factors on NDVI and its driving mechanisms. Our findings suggest that the determined a favourable value range or the most suitable characteristics of impact factors help to intervene and promote vegetation change for vegetation restoration and alleviate environmental degradation.
Positive Effects of Fast Growth on Locomotor Performance in Pelagic Fish Juveniles: In Contrast to Existing Evidence
Authors: Nakamura Masahiro , Yoneda Michio , Morioka Taizo , Takasuka Akinori , Nishiumi Nozomi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many laboratory experiments on aquatic vertebrates that inhabit closed water or coastal areas have highlighted negative effects of fast growth on swimming performance. Nonetheless, field studies on pelagic fishes have provided evidence of survival advantages of faster growing individuals. To reconcile this contradiction, we examined the relationship between growth rate and swimming performance as a continuous function for juveniles of chub mackerel (scomber japonicus) using 3D tracking analysis. For experiments, 20, 24, 27 and 30 days-post-hatch individuals within the size range of 14.5–25.3 mm were used. We found that the growth–swimming (burst speed) relationship in chub mackerel was substantially positive and it was suggested to be supported by morphological traits such as muscle area, which also positively correlated with growth rate. This finding is consistent with field observations showing selective survival of fast-growing individuals of this species, reconciling the current contradiction between laboratory experiments and field observations. Growth was suggested to trade off with swimming performance, as reported in many previous studies, when it was extremely fast. Therefore, a dome-shaped quadratic curve described the relationship between growth rate and burst speed better than a linear or generalized linear model. These results, obtained from the rarely tested offshore species, strongly suggests the importance of experimental verification using animals that inhabit various types of habitats in understanding the principles underlying the evolution of growth–locomotor relationship.
Incidence and Predictors of Cannabis-Related Poisoning and Mental and Behavioral Disorders Among Patients with Medical Cannabis Authorization: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zongo Arsene , Lee Cerina , Dyck Jason R. B. , El-Mourad Jihane , Hyshka Elaine , Hanlon John G. , Eurich Dean 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: As medical cannabis use increases in North America, establishing the safety profile of cannabis is a priority. The objective of this study was to assess rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations due to poisoning by cannabis and cannabis-related mental health disorders among medically authorized cannabis patients in Ontario, Canada, between 2014 and 2017.Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted among a cohort of patients who received an authorization to use cannabis for treating various health conditions in Ontario, Canada. The cannabis cohort was selected using data collected in participating Canadian cannabis clinics. Outcomes included: ED visit/hospitalization with a main diagnosis code for cannabis/cannabinoid poisoning; and ED visit/hospitalization with a main diagnosis code for mental/behavioural disorders due to cannabis use. The Spearman correlation and univariate Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized.Results: From 29153 patients who received medical authorization, 23091 satisfied the inclusion criteria. During a median follow-up of 240 days, 14 patients visited the ED or were hospitalized for cannabis poisoning – with an incidence rate of 8.06 per 10,000 person-years patients (95%CI: 4.8-13.6). A total of 26 patients visited the ED or were hospitalized for mental and behavioural disorders due to cannabis use- with an incidence rate of 15.0 per 10,000 person-years (95%CI: 10.2-22.0). Predictors of cannabis-related mental and behavioural disorders include prior substance use disorders (drugs and alcohol), other mental disorders, age, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: The results suggest that the incidence of cannabis poisoning or cannabis-related mental and behavioural disorders was low among patients who were authorized to use cannabis to treat a health condition. Identified predictors can help to target patients with potential risk of the studied outcomes.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Nanofluids Containing Mixtures of Surfactants And Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lechuga Manuela , Fernandez-Serrano Mercedes , Ríos Francisco , Fernández-Arteaga Alejandro , Jiménez-Robles Ramón 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the widespread use of nanoparticles in surfactant-based formulations, their release into the environment and wastewater is unavoidable, causing a toxic effect to biota and/or wastewater treatment processes. Because of concerns about the environmental impact of nanofluids, the study of the fate and environmental impact, hazards and toxicity of nanoparticles is beginning. However, the interactions between nanoparticles and surfactants as well as the biodegradability in mixtures have been little studied until now. In this work the environmental impact of nanofluids containing mixtures of surfactants and silica nanoparticles were evaluated. The systems studied were hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (size 7 and 12 nm), a non-ionic surfactant (alkyl polyglucoside), an anionic surfactant (ether carboxylic acid), and mixtures of them. The aerobic ultimate biodegradation and interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactants, nanoparticles and mixtures during the biodegradation process were also evaluated. Aerobic biodegradability was determined by measurements of dissolved organic carbon for solutions with variable concentrations of surfactants and nanoparticles. The ultimate biodegradation was studied below and above the CMC of the individual surfactants. Interfacial and adsorption properties of surfactants solutions containing nanoparticles are influenced by the addition of silica particles. It was determined that silica nanoparticles reduced the capability of non-ionic surfactants to decrease the surface tension. Thus, silica NP promoted a considerable increase of their CMC, whereas the effect was the opposite in case of anionic surfactants. The increasing concentration of surfactant and nanoparticles in the test medium causes a decrease in the maximum levels of mineralization reached for both types of surfactants. The presence of silica nanoparticles in the medium reduces the biodegradability of binary mixtures non-ionic-anionic- surfactants solutions, being this effect more intense for larger nanoparticles. These results could be taken into account to model the behavior of nanofluids in aquatic environments and to select appropriate nanofluids containing nanoparticles and surfactants with low environmental impact.
Equity of Health Resources Allocation in Rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: HUANG Shang-yu-hui , DENG Meng , FENG Jun , FENG Qi-ming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Since 2009, the main task of the new health reform in China is to increase the equity of health resources allocation in primary health care institutions. Health policies and strategies have been established to increase the capacity of PHC services, with improved equity as the most important goal. The objective of this study is to analyze the status quo and equity of health resources distribution in rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019.Methods: Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze the status quo of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019. Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to evaluate the equity of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019, from three dimensions of population, geography and economy. Results: From 2016 to 2019, the total amount of health resources in rural health center in Guangxi was increased, but the professional title and education background of health workers is still low. In 2019, the Gini coefficient was 0.085-0.217 geographically, 0.080-0.367 demographically and 0.135-0.340 economically. The total Theil index was 013-0.211, and the majority of the contribution rate of within regions was greater than the between regions. Conclusion: From 2016 to 2019, the distribution of health resources in rural Guangxi was uneven among regions, and with great differences within regions.
Nursing students’ development of using physical assessment in clinical rotation—a stimulated recall study
Authors: Byermoen Kirsten Røland , Eide Tom , Egilsdottir H.Ösp , Eide Hilde , Heyn Lena Günterberg , Moen Anne , Brembo Espen Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The overall aim of this study was to explore third-year bachelor nursing students’ stimulated recall reflections on their physical assessment competence development. The choice of learning strategies in nursing education seems to have great impact on nursing students’ use of physical assessment skills while in clinical rotation. There is a need to explore nursing students’ learning processes related to the use of physical assessments.
Methods

Explorative qualitative design using a triangulation of data collection methods. Nine final-year nursing students’ physical assessment performances during patient encounters were audio-taped and observed. Shortly after, an individual stimulated recall interview based on the audio-recorded patient encounter and observation notes was conducted. A two-fold analysis was conducted: 1) analysis of students’ performed assessments, and 2) a meaning condensation analysis of the stimulated recall interviews.
Results

1) Students’ assessments shifted from a checklist approach to a symptom-based approach, and they emphasized conversation as part of their assessments. 2) Through the stimulated recall interviews, students described reasons for using physical assessments in patient encounters, how the learning environment facilitated or hindered their use of physical assessments, and their own learning strategies.
Conclusions

Findings contribute a novel, in-depth description of what influenced nursing students’ learning processes of using physical assessment during clinical rotation. This study reveals the importance of designing and implementing learning activities in practical and theoretical courses to support and strengthen students’ learning processes. Further, findings suggest that stimulated recall as a reflective practice should be used systematically to enhance clinical reasoning skills and thus provide deep learning. A more targeted course design for physical assessment— building on and emphasizing nursing students’ prior knowledge and competence—may lead to more confident registered nurses and promote patient safety in different health care contexts.
Radiological Effects of Fly Ash as Concrete Additive: A Study in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Ba Ngoc , Bui Thien Ngoc , Huynh Thu Nguyen Phong , Nguyen Thang Van , Huynh Phuong Truc , Vo Hai Hong , Le Thuyen Xuan , Truong Loan Thi Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, fly ash is recycled to make more eco-friendly building materials and reduce landfill area of coal-fired power plant. However, the high amount of natural radionuclides contained in fly ash could potentially pose radiological risks to people living in buildings made from these materials. The results revealed that the 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities for the commonly used building material were in the range from 10.1 to 254.9 Bq kg-1, from 16.6 to 176.9 Bq kg-1 and from 21.2 to 1240.3 Bq kg-1 and 569.1 Bq kg-1, respectively: High gamma activity concentration for fly ash is due to the origin of fly ash and coal enrichment process of coal-fired power plant, in contrast, sand and stone samples which contain high radon concentration. Additional fly ash in concrete can increase or decrease the radioactivity of building materials, in which its variation depends on the percentage of the fly ash and matrix composition of the mixture. Even though the average indoor annual effective doses were lower than the upper limit, the total annual effective doses were slightly higher than the recommended dose of 2.4 mSv-1 due to the exposure of natural sources by UNSCEAR. From this study, radiological effects of fly ash samples as concrete additive in Viet Nam could be evaluated for any practical circumstances before they are used.