bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for marine power systems
Authors: Xu Xiaojian , Yan Xinping , Yang Kun , Zhao Jiangbin , Sheng Chenxing , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis (CMFD) in marine power systems significantly influences ship safety. This study divides the development of CMFD for marine power systems into three periods and reviews the content, state and limitations of CMFD research for each period. According to the research achievements and engineering experience of the authors’ team, typical application cases are introduced for CMFD in ships, including CMFD platforms on engineering ships, salvage ships, container ships and ro-ro ships powered by solar photovoltaic systems. Finally, prospective research directions are proposed for CMFD in marine power systems, considering the research status of CMFD and the trend toward intelligent and eco-friendly ships.
Impact of Duration of N-Acetylcysteine in Non-Acetaminophen–Induced Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Bass Stephanie N. , Lumpkin Mollie , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Lindenmeyer Christina C. , Dolan Bridget , Pickett Caleigh , Kapoor Aanchal 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Studies of the use of IV N-acetylcysteine in the management of non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure have evaluated various dosing regimens. The only randomized trial studying this application described a 72-hour regimen. However, observational studies have reported extended duration until normalization of international normalized ratio. This study seeks to compare differences in patient outcomes based on IV N-acetylcysteine duration.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Medical ICU at a large quaternary care academic medical institution and liver transplant center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients admitted to the medical ICU who received IV N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were divided into cohorts based on duration; standard duration of IV N-acetylcysteine was considered 72 hours, whereas extended duration was defined as continuation beyond 72 hours.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was time to normalization of international normalized ratio to less than 1.3 or less than 1.5; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and transplant-free survival at 3 weeks. In total, 53 patients were included: 40 in the standard duration cohort and 13 in the extended duration. There were no major differences in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in time to international normalized ratio normalization between cohorts. Transplant-free survival was higher with extended duration (76.9% extended vs 41.4% standard; p = 0.03). All-cause mortality at 3 weeks was numerically lower in the extended duration group (0% extended vs 24.1% standard; p = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure who received extended duration N-acetylcysteine were found to have significantly higher transplant-free survival than patients who received standard duration, although there was no significant difference in time to normalization of international normalized ratio or overall survival. Prospective, randomized, multicenter study is warranted to identify subpopulations of patients with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure who could benefit from extended treatment duration as a bridge to transplant or spontaneous recovery.
A Multicenter Evaluation of Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Abhishek , Alwakeel Mahmoud , Saleem Talha , Afzal Saira , Alqaisi Sura , Saand Aisha R. , Najjar Hanan Al. , Griffiths Lori , Han Xiaozhen , Wang Xiaofeng , Perez-Protto Silvia , Abella Benjamin S. , Gaieski David F. , Duggal Abhijit , Abi Fadel Francois 
Published: May 2021

IMPORTANCE:
In-hospital cardiac arrest survival among coronavirus disease 2019 patients has been reported to range from 0% to 12%. These numbers are significantly lower than reported prepandemic in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates of approximately 20–25% in the United States for non–coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest survival of coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

DESIGN:
A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 subsequently found to have in-hospital cardiac arrest and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

SETTING:
Multiple hospitals of the Cleveland Clinic Health System.

PATIENTS:
All adult patients (age ≥ 18 yr) admitted to Cleveland Clinic Health System with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
From March 01, 2020 to October 15, 2020, 3,555 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were hospitalized; 1,372 were admitted to the ICU; 58 patients had in-hospital cardiac arrest. Median age of this cohort was 66.5 years (interquartile range, 55.0–76.0 yr). Patients were predominantly male (62.5%), White (53.4%), with a median body mass index of 29.7 (interquartile range, 25.8–34.6). Most in-hospital cardiac arrests were in critical care environments (ICU), 51 of 58 (87.9%); seven of 58 (12.1%) were on ward locations. Thirty-four of 58 patients (58.6%) were on mechanical ventilation prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest with a median duration of mechanical ventilation of 9 days (interquartile range, 2–18 d). Twenty-four of 58 patients (44%) were on vasopressors prior to arrest. Initial arrest rhythm was pulseless electrical activity at (63.8%), asystole (29.3%), and pulseless ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (6.9%). Of the 58 patients, 35 (60.3%) attained return of spontaneous circulation, and 13 of 58 (22.4%) were discharged alive.

CONCLUSIONS:
We report a 22% survival to discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, a survival rate similar to before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Educational level and colorectal cancer risk: the mediating roles of lifestyle and dietary factors
Authors: Li Lei , Fang Yu-Jing , Abulimiti Alinuer , Huang Chu-Yi , Liu Kai-Yan , Chen Yu-Ming , Zhang Cai-Xia 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The association between the educational level and colorectal cancer risk was controversial in developed countries and evidence was limited in Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the association between the educational level and colorectal cancer risk in Guangdong Province, China.

Methods
From July 2010 to April 2019, 2502 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 2538 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited in this case–control study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the educational level and colorectal cancer risk. Path analysis was used to investigate whether behavioral risk factors potentially mediated the association between the educational level and colorectal cancer risk.

Results
Educational level was inversely associated with the colorectal cancer risk. People who graduated from the college or above had a lower risk of colorectal cancer than those from the primary school or below, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.34–0.52]. The total, direct and indirect effects of the educational level for the colorectal cancer risk were statistically significant in the path diagram. Path analysis showed that lower red and processed meat intake and higher tea and coffee drinking among high educational participants contributed to the inverse association between the educational level and colorectal cancer risk.

Conclusion
The findings suggested that the educational level was inversely associated with the colorectal cancer risk. The association might be mediated by red and processed meat intake, household and leisure-time activities, and tea and coffee drinking.
Two factors affecting the success rate of the second non-invasive prenatal screening after initial no-call result: experience from a single tertiary center in China
Authors: Lin Ying , Liang Dong , Li Hang , Luo Chun-Yu , Hu Ping , Xu Zheng-Feng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
One inevitable shortcoming of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS)/cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing is the uninterpretable (“no-call”) result, which is mainly caused by an insufficient fetal fraction. This study was performed to investigate the factors associated with a successful second NIPS in these cases and determine the optimal management for women with initial no-call results.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of women who underwent NIPS with initial no-call results due to an insufficient fetal fraction from 2017 to 2019 in our center. We compared these women's maternal and pregnancy information with the data of women who had attained a successful second NIPS result and women who had received no-call results for a second time.

Results:
Among the 33,684 women who underwent NIPS, 137 with a no-call result underwent a retest. Comparison between the 87 (63.50%) women with a successful retest and the other 50 (36.50%) women showed a significant difference in both the initial fetal fraction and maternal body mass index (BMI), whereas the other factors showed no significant differences. In addition, with an initial fetal fraction of < 2.00%, the retest success rate was very limited.

Conclusions:
We identified two major factors associated with a successful NIPS retest: the initial fetal fraction and the maternal BMI. These findings suggest the need for specialized management for this subset of women and would be instructional for the counseling for these women.
Expression of p40 in Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma Versus Primary Mucinous Carcinomas of the Breast and Colon
Authors: Chung Jina , Rico-Castillo Jesus , Sebastiano Christopher , Lee Jason B. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The transcription factor p63 is a homolog of p53, expressed in basal layers of epithelia and myoepithelial cells. Some studies have suggested that p63 may provide utility in differentiating primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma of the skin, given its preferential expression in primary adnexal neoplasms. There have been few studies investigating the expression patterns of p40, an isoform of p63, in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas.

Methods:
An immunohistochemical panel including p40, CK7, CK20, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor was applied to primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin, breast, and colon.

Results:
Only a small subset (25%) of primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas displayed focal positive staining with p40, similar to what has been reported in the literature for p63. All primary mucinous carcinomas of skin and breast labeled positively with CK7, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Primary colon mucinous carcinomas were only positive for CK20.

Conclusions:
Based on these results, p40 seems to be an insufficient marker for distinguishing primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma due to its low rate of positivity in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas.
Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis as Presenting Sign of Systemic B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Beatty Colleen , Okal Ryan , Lynch Michael C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal proliferative disorder most commonly involving the bone and skin; however, it can arise in many other locations. It is predominantly a pediatric disease, but adult cases occur. Here, we present a case of adult-onset cutaneous LCH with systemic symptoms, believed to represent disseminated LCH. Further evaluation, however, revealed concomitant bone marrow involvement by a small B-cell lymphoma. An association between B-cell lymphoma and cutaneous LCH has only rarely been previously reported. This report adds to the growing body of literature, however, on associations of cutaneous LCH with hematologic malignancies, and it illustrates the need for a complete systemic evaluation including a bone marrow biopsy in suspected cases of disseminated LCH.
Unusual Case of a Caruncular Oncocytoma
Authors: Vaidya Parth R. , Simpson Sarah E. , Phillips Mariana A. , Ramey Nicholas A. , Grider Douglas J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Oncocytomas are benign neoplasms that are most often found in the salivary glands and kidneys. Ocular oncocytoma typically present as an asymptomatic dark blue papule on the lacrimal caruncle. Histologically, the tumor is composed of oncocytes, cells notable for eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules representing large quantities of dysfunctional mitochondria. The neoplastic proliferation may be partially or totally encapsulated and may be surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Discussed is the pathophysiology and histopathology of an ocular oncocytoma from the right lacrimal caruncle of a 68-year-old man. The patient complained of a foreign body sensation and tearing associated with a purpuric 1 × 1-mm papule of the right caruncle that had been present for 6 months. An excisional biopsy showed an oxyntic neoplasm with small cystic glandular spaces associated with goblet cells and mucin, confirmed by mucicarmine stain. Given the rarity of ocular oncocytomas and presence of mucin, exclusion of an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma was necessary. Peripheral myoepithelial cells noted on p63 immunostaining are seen in both endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma and oncocytomas. However, endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma is excluded by the presence of goblet cells, the uniform oxyphilic cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, and the negative immunohistochemical staining for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for oncocytomas. This case highlights the clinical and histopathological presentation of ocular oncocytomas and raises awareness of this rare entity for both the practicing dermatologist and dermatopathologist.
Validated Outcome Measures and Postsurgical Scar Assessment Instruments in Eyelid Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramanathan Diya , Chu Sherman , Prendes Mark , Carroll Bryan T. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Determining which postsurgical scar assessment instruments, if any, cover important eyelid outcome measures can either attest to the strength of one or more instruments or reveal the need for a more comprehensive scale.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically review validated outcome measures after eyelid surgery and postsurgical scar assessment tools to see whether any individual or combination of 2 assessment tools encompass all relevant, validated eyelid outcome measures.

METHODS
Systematic reviews of validated eyelid outcome measures and postsurgical scar assessment tools were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid. Outcome measure papers that met inclusion criteria were sorted into 8 categories: Patient Subjective, Visual Function, Mechanical Function, Daily Activities, Adverse Effects, Aesthetic Quantitative: Clinical Measurements, Aesthetic Qualitative: Global, and Aesthetic Qualitative: Specific. Outcome measure papers were categorized into tiers of evidence support, and assessment tools were evaluated based on which outcome measures each covered.

RESULTS
No one or combination of 2 assessment tools covered all selected eyelid outcome measures. Although measures related to the subjective patient experience were included in several of the assessment scales, none covered measures of visual function or eyelid-specific clinical measurements.

CONCLUSION
There is currently no existing postsurgical scar assessment instrument that covers all important eyelid-specific outcome measures.
AUTOLOGOUS NEUROSENSORY RETINAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Patel Saagar N. , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Kazahaya Masayuki , Todorich Bozho 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To review the autologous retinal transplantation surgical technique, indications, rationale, and current outcomes of data published to date.

Methods:
Review of surgical technique, preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, and macular hole (MH) closure rate in studies with at least five eyes.

Results:
The weighted average macular hole closure rate is 88%, with a MH closure rate ranging from 66.7% to 100%. The weighted average best-corrected visual acuity improved from mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.35 (Snellen equivalent of 20/450) preoperatively to mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.02 (Snellen equivalent of 20/210) postoperatively. From the largest autologous retinal transplantation case series, 37% of patients gained 3 or more lines of visual acuity after autologous retinal transplantation for primary or refractory MHs and 74% gained 3 or more lines of visual acuity after autologous retinal transplantation for MH–retinal detachments. Functional improvement including negative Watzke–Allen sign and conversion from positive to negative scotoma was reported in large case series.

Conclusion:
Autologous retinal transplantation is a promising technique for closure of large and refractory MHs otherwise difficult to repair with conventional techniques. This technique may allow for replacement of neural tissue in the macula through cell rehabilitation and regeneration through presumed ectopic synaptogenesis, retinal progenitor cell differentiation and integration, and/or retinal progenitor cell material transfer to host neurons.
Neurotrophic keratopathy and refractive surgery
Authors: Kristan Joseph , Kang Joann J. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Corneal nerve function is an important consideration for the refractive surgeon. In patients without a history of neuropathy, refractive surgery can lead to destruction of corneal nerves and may predispose to keratopathy. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the effect of refractive surgery on corneal nerve function and the potential for an increased risk of neurotrophic keratopathy development.

Recent findings
Recent studies have reinforced that refractive surgery can cause anatomical and functional changes in corneal nerve function. Among the most commonly performed refractive surgery procedures are Laser Assisted In-situ Keratomileusis, Photorefractive Keratectomy, and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction. Due to differences in technique, these procedures can have varying effects on corneal nerve structure. Using in vivo confocal microscopy, postrefractive patients were found to have decreased total nerve density when compared with controls in the immediate postoperative period. In some studies, patients have been shown to undergo re-innervation and regain significant amounts of nerve function. The majority of studies have found that despite decreased nerve cell density, long-term outcomes of refractive surgery patients are generally favorable. However, loss of corneal nerve function can lead to a variety of serious effects ranging from dry eye disease, corneal hypoesthesia/anesthesia, neuropathic pain, to neurotrophic keratopathy and ulceration in the rare cases.

Summary
Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare occurrence after keratorefractive surgery and is largely due to damage to corneal nerves. Proper patient selection and counseling are essential to decrease the risk of development of this devastating complication.
Acute kidney injury in COVID-19: are kidneys the target or just collateral damage? A comprehensive assessment of viral RNA and AKI rate in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Enikeev Dmitry , Taratkin Mark , Efetov Sergey , Shlomina Alexandra , Boldyreva Margarita , Galkina Irina , Spivak Leonid , Gitel Evgeniy , Kuchieva Agunda , Mikhailov Vasiliy , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Herrmann Thomas R.W. , Kikic Željko , Fomin Viktor , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Glybochko Petr 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
To investigate the possible effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on kidney function and assess the rate of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) shedding/detection in urine.

Recent findings
Most of the research on the topic suggests that for the moment our ability to estimate whether SARS-CoV-2 is a direct causative agent in acute kidney injury (AKI) or whether it has a cytokine storm effect is limited. During our prospective assessment of 333 patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) it was found that frequency of AKI of 9.6% (32 cases). Despite previous data suggestive of the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 in urine, we were unable to identify any traces of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in our group. Both COVID-19 severity (odds ratio, OR = 23.09, confidence interval, CI 7.89–67.57, P < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) history (OR = 7.17, CI 2.09–24.47, P = 0.002) were associated with the AKI rate.

Summary
AKI is a relatively frequent condition for patients with COVID-19 and is normally correlated with the severity of the disease and the patient's history of CKD. The available data fail to address whether SARS-CoV-2 mRNA is present in urine, whereas our prospective trial data suggest that mRNA is undetectable in urine irrespective of the severity of the disease.
Nurse Listening as Perceived by Patients
Authors: Loos Nancy Mestler 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this qualitative research study was to ascertain which nurse behaviors a subsection of adults 50 years and older who had had a recent inpatient admission believed conveyed nurse listening.

BACKGROUND
Listening by nurses has been identified as one of the factors with the greatest impact on patients' overall rating of their hospital experience. The behaviors of nurses that lead to patients' perceptions that listening has occurred have been unexamined, thus hampering attempts at improvement.

METHODS
Because of lack of literature support, a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis was undertaken to elicit a rich description of patients' lived experiences related to nurse listening behaviors.

RESULTS
Study participants provided specific behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal, which led them to believe the nurse was either listening or not. These perceptions affected their sense of safety and ability to trust.

CONCLUSIONS
Embracing these described behaviors could significantly impact patients' safety and recovery.