bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiples Myelom mit Zerstörung des Ellenbogengelenks: Lang anhaltende Symptomkontrolle und Funktionserhalt durch Strahlentherapie
Authors: Momm Hannah N. , Moulin Jean-Charles , Delic Oliver , Momm Felix 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine Strahlentherapie ist die Behandlung der ersten Wahl bei schmerzhaften Knochenläsionen eines Plasmozytoms oder Multiplen Myeloms (MM). Große Knochenläsionen durchbrechen jedoch häufig die Struktur des Knochens und gefährden seine Stabilität. Dann besteht die Indikation zur operativen Stabilisierung. In derartigen Fällen erschweren Risiken und Nebenwirkungen invasiver Maßnahmen Therapieentscheidungen bei oftmals älteren Palliativpatienten oder Patienten in systemischer Tumortherapie. Es ist deshalb wichtig, in solchen Situationen die Ergebnisse nicht-invasiver Therapieoptionen zu untersuchen.
Fallbericht Ein 54-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit der etwa 30 cm durchmessenden Läsion eines MMs im distalen Humerus vor, die seinen linken Ellenbogen zerstört hatte und erhebliche Schmerzen verursachte. Der Patient lehnte eine Operation ab, weil er fürchtete, dabei die erhaltene physiologische Funktion seiner linken Hand einzubüßen. Deshalb erhielt er eine alleinige primäre Strahlentherapie mit einer Gesamtdosis von 50 Gy in 20 Fraktionen. Nach der Behandlung war der Patient schmerzfrei, der lokale Tumor war für bislang mehr als fünf Jahre vollständig kontrolliert und die Funktion des linken Armes war zufriedenstellend. Die Strahlentherapie behinderte weitere notwendige systemische Therapien nicht.
Schlussfolgerungen Knochenläsionen eines MMs, auch mit einer Zerstörung weiter Teile des Knochens oder von Gelenken, können durch eine primäre Strahlentherapie erfolgreich behandelt werden – mit der Chance auf eine dauerhafte Tumorkontrolle und zufriedenstellende Funktionsergebnisse. Diese Behandlungsoption eröffnet eine vielversprechende Perspektive für ältere Patienten, Patienten in einem reduzierten Allgemeinzustand oder für Patienten mit einem hohen systemischen Therapiedruck, der keine längere Phase der Rekonvaleszenz nach einem chirurgischen Eingriff erlaubt.
Updates in Diabetic Wound Healing, Inflammation, and Scarring
Authors: Dasari Nina , Jiang Austin , Skochdopole Anna , Chung Jayer , Reece Edward M. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Winocour Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiabetic patients can sustain wounds either as a sequelae of their disease process or postoperatively. Wound healing is a complex process that proceeds through phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Diabetes results in several pathological changes that impair almost all of these healing processes. Diabetic wounds are often characterized by excessive inflammation and reduced angiogenesis. Due to these changes, diabetic patients are at a higher risk for postoperative wound healing complications. There is significant evidence in the literature that diabetic patients are at a higher risk for increased wound infections, wound dehiscence, and pathological scarring. Factors such as nutritional status and glycemic control also significantly influence diabetic wound outcomes. There are a variety of treatments available for addressing diabetic wounds.
Current Advances in Hypertrophic Scar and Keloid Management
Authors: Barone Natasha , Safran Tyler , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Davison Peter G. , Cugno Sabrina , Murphy Amanda M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scars and keloids are caused by excessive tissue response to dermal injury due to local fibroblast proliferation and collagen overproduction. This response occurs because of pathologic wound healing due to dysregulation in the inflammatory, proliferative, and/or remodeling phase. Patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids report reduced quality of life, physical status, and psychological health. Hypertrophic scars or keloids will develop in 30 to 90% of individuals, and despite their prevalence, treatment remains a challenge. Of the treatments currently available for hypertrophic scars and keloids few have been adequately supported by studies with appropriate experimental design. Here, we aim to review the available literature to provide up-to-date information on the etiology, epidemiology, histology, pathophysiology, prevention, and management options available for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and highlight areas where further research is required.
Plasma Levels of Leptin and Risk of Future Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Frischmuth Tobias , Hindberg Kristian , Aukrust Pål , Ueland Thor , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Circulating levels of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, are frequently elevated in obesity. Leptin has been reported to upregulate prothrombotic hemostatic factors in vitro and could potentially mediate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in obesity. However, whether leptin is associated with VTE remains uncertain.
Objective This article investigates the association between plasma leptin and risk of incident VTE, and the potential of leptin to mediate VTE risk in obesity.
Methods A population-based nested case–control study with 416 VTE cases and 848 age- and sex-matched controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE across leptin quartiles. Analyses were performed separately in men and women using sex-specific quartile cut-offs determined in controls.
Results In the age-adjusted model, the VTE risk increased across leptin quartiles, particularly in men. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for VTE in the highest quartile were 1.70 (95% CI 1.04–2.79) in men and 1.36 (95% CI 0.85–2.17) in women. However, with additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), risk estimates were markedly attenuated in men (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.55–1.93) and women (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.45–1.48). The ORs for VTE were increased in obese men and women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and were only marginally affected after adjustment for leptin.
Conclusion Our results indicate that the apparent association between plasma leptin levels and VTE risk is confounded by BMI and that leptin is not a relevant mediator for VTE risk in obesity.
Role of Hepcidin in Anemia of Chronic Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nita Eleni , Bairaktari Eleni , Kolios George , Migkos Michail P. , Somarakis Georgios-Petros , Markatseli Theodora , Archimandriti Dimitra , Tsaousi Christina , Voulgari Paraskevi V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Anemia of chronic disease is a frequent consequence in rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with major clinical and patient outcomes. The present cross-sectional study explored the role of hepcidin (HEP) in anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis by studying its relationships with markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis.
Methods Blood samples from anemic (n = 43) and nonanemic (n = 43) rheumatoid arthritis patients were analyzed for markers of anemia (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red cells distribution width, and reticulocyte hemoglobin), iron metabolism (iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor), inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6), and erythropoiesis (erythropoietin and HEP). Correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between HEP and all other variables. Principal component analysis was used to identify common underlying dimensions representing linear combinations of all variables.
Results HEP had statistically significant mostly moderate-to-large correlations with markers of anemia (0.30–0.70, all p < 0.01), small correlation with markers of iron metabolism and markers of inflammation (r = 0.20–0.40, all p < 0.01), and moderate correlations with markers of erythropoiesis. Principal component analysis revealed two underlying components (factors) capturing approximately 50% of total variability. Factor 1 comprised mainly of markers of anemia, iron metabolism, and erythropoiesis and was related to “erythrocyte health status,” while factor 2 comprised mainly markers of inflammation and iron metabolism and was related to “acute phase reactants.” HEP was the only variable demonstrating substantial loadings on both factors.
Conclusions HEP is related to markers of anemia, iron metabolism, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. In addition, when all variables are “reduced” to a minimum number of two “latent” factors, HEP is loaded on both, thus underlying its pivotal role in the complex interaction of the erythropoietic response in inflammation-induced anemia and/or functional iron deficiency.
Protistan grazing impacts microbial communities and carbon cycling at deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Hu Sarah K. , Herrera Erica L. , Smith Amy R. , Pachiadaki Maria G. , Edgcomb Virginia P. , Sylva Sean P. , Chan Eric W. , Seewald Jeffrey S. , German Christopher R. , Huber Julie A. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceHeterotrophic protists are ubiquitous in all aquatic ecosystems and represent an important ecological link in food webs by transferring organic carbon from primary producers to higher trophic levels. Here, we quantify the predator–prey trophic interaction among protistan grazers and microbial prey within hydrothermal vent fluids from the Gorda Ridge spreading center in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Estimates of protistan grazing pressure were highest at sites of diffusely venting fluids, which are an oasis of biological activity in the deep sea. Our findings suggest that elevated grazing activity is attributed to a diverse assemblage of heterotrophic protistan species drawn to the hydrothermal vent habitat and demonstrates the important ecological roles that protists play in the deep-sea carbon cycle.
Juvenile hormone regulation of microRNAs is mediated by E75 in the Dengue vector mosquitoAedes aegypti
Authors: Aksoy Emre , Raikhel Alexander S. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceAedes aegyptimosquitoes transmit numerous viral pathogens to humans. Targeting mosquito reproduction could be critical in controlling the spread of these pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control key physiological processes during mosquito reproduction. The insect hormone juvenile hormone (JH) is essential for a mosquito to achieve reproductive competence. JH governs expression of several miRNAs through the transcription factor Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75-RD). Blocking E75 by RNA interference impairs miR-2940, which in turn affects ovarian follicle formation and egg maturation. We identified the messenger RNA of the glutamate receptor Clumsy as a miR-2940 target and showed its involvement in reproduction. This study establishes E75-RD to be an intermediate factor within the JH hierarchical network that is involved in regulation of miRNAs in mosquitoes.
Prevention and management of infections after exposure to ionising radiation
Authors: Maher Keri R , Bouligny Ian M , Yeager Andrew M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ionising radiation impacts many organ systems, each of which comprises a level of immunity to infectious disease. Bone marrow toxicity after radiation results in a predisposition to leukopenia and subsequent susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Radiation-induced damage to mucosal, integumentary, and solid organ structures disrupts additional lines of innate defense. Over the past three decades, much progress has been made in effective antimicrobial prophylaxis, resulting in decreased infectious complications and improved survival. Vaccination schedules following myeloablative radiation have become highly regimented and treatment of overt infectious complications is largely standardised. In this article, we discuss consequences, prevention, and management of infections following exposure to ionising radiation.
Characterization of OSL dosimeters used at the ELI-beamlines laser-driven accelerator facility
Authors: Cimmino A , Horváth D , Olšovcová V , Stránský V , Truneček R , Versaci R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines laser-driven accelerator facility is set to operate the most intense non-military laser system in the world, with ultra-high power up to 10 PW, concentrated plasma intensities of up to 1024 W cm−2, and ultra-short laser pulses of the order of few femtoseconds. A robust and redundant radiation monitoring system is in place to minimise risks to personnel and general public. Beryllium oxide optically stimulated luminescence (BeO-OSL) detectors are used to monitor radiation levels in the experimental building and surrounding grounds. In fact, in recent years, BeO-OSL have become an increasingly more popular choice for personal and environmental dosimetry. At ELI Beamlines, an exhaustive and thorough characterization process of the BeO-OSLs is in place. Dosimeter responses are studied as a function of delivered air kerma and photon energies. Calibration curves are calculated. Results from the latest calibration campaign are presented.
SNR study on Fourier single-pixel imaging
Authors: Li Rui , Hong Jiaying , Zhou Xi , Wang Chengming , Chen Zhengyu , He Bin , Hu Zhangwei , Zhang Ning , Li Qin , Xue Ping , Zhang Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
According to the properties of Fourier transform, Fourier single-pixel imaging uses the illumination lights with cosine distributions to obtain the Fourier spectrum of the object, and then apply the inverse Fourier transform to reconstruct the spatial information of the object. This technique does not require detector arrays, such as charge coupled device and has proven to be insensitive to distortion, which is a great improvement over traditional photography techniques. In this manuscript, we present a detailed analysis and discussion on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Fourier single-pixel imaging. Compared with conventional imaging whose SNR is independent of pixel number N, Fourier single-pixel imaging achieves an improved SNR which is up to N times as high as the dynamic range of detection. Furthermore, this SNR benefit is further confirmed experimentally, in cases of one dimension and two dimensions.
Superconductivity and electron–phonon interaction in Sr
x
Bi2Se3 under pressure
Authors: Li Mingtao , Fang Yifei , Kenney-Benson Curtis , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pressure-induced superconductivity has been widely explored and observed in Bi2Se3-based topological materials to hunt for topological superconductors. Although their triggered superconductivity has a close connection to their pressure-induced structural phase transitions, the quest for the electron pairing mechanism of these superconducting semiconductors in both their initial rhombohedral and high-pressure phases remains unknown. In this work, we present a systematic study of the pressure effect on superconducting properties and lattice dynamics using a combination of electrical transport, Raman-scattering, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements using diamond anvil cells. One key finding is our observation of a cooperative connection between the strength of the electron–phonon interaction (EPI) generated by optical branches and the pressure-tunable superconductivity in rhombohedral Sr
x
Bi2Se3 crystal. The underlying suppression mechanism of the T
c by pressure is ascribed to the weakening of the electrons’ interaction with the optical phonon modes in the rhombohedral phase. In the intermediate monoclinic phase, the T
c value underwent a sharp increase with carrier density accumulation accompanying the concurrent enhanced EPI. This is intuitively unusual since it is expected that the EPI shall be weakened by inducing more conducting carriers in a normal metal. In the tetragonal phase, the superconductivity is interpreted within BCS theory, since it is fully metallized and obeys the adiabatic Born–Oppenheimer approximation well. Our findings are important to fully understand unconventional superconductivity and the unusual pairing mechanism in the layered rhombohedral Bi2Se3-based superconductors.
Unified thermal model for photohadronic neutrino production in astrophysical sources
Authors: Fiorillo Damiano F.G. , van Vliet Arjen , Morisi Stefano , Winter Walter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High-energy astrophysical neutrino fluxes are, for many
applications, modeled as simple power laws as a function of
energy. While this is reasonable in the case of neutrino production
in hadronuclear pp sources, it typically does not capture the
behavior in photohadronic pγ sources: in that case, the
neutrino spectrum depends on the properties of the target photons
the cosmic rays collide with and on possible magnetic-field effects
on the secondary pions and muons. We show that the neutrino
production from known photohadronic sources can be reproduced by a
thermal (black-body) target-photon spectrum if one suitably adjusts
the temperature, thanks to multi-pion production processes. This
allows discussing neutrino production from most known pγ
sources, such as gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei and tidal
disruption events, in terms of a few parameters. We apply this
thermal model to study the sensitivity of different classes of
neutrino telescopes to photohadronic sources: we classify the model
parameter space according to which experiment is most suitable for
detection of a specific source class and demonstrate that different
experiment classes, such as dense arrays, conventional neutrino
telescopes, or radio-detection experiments, cover different parts of
the parameter space. Since the model can also reproduce the flavor
and neutrino-antineutrino composition, we study the impact on the
track-to-shower ratio and the Glashow resonance.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on vegetable farmers in North Sumatra
Authors: Girsang Moral Abadi , Marpaung Imelda , Parhusip D , Haloho L , Tobing S P , Nainggolan P , Hidayat S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted from June to August 2020 with the research locations were the two main vegetable producer regencies in North Sumatra, namely Karo Regency and Simalungun Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the vegetable farmer’s income, to determine which factors most influenced vegetable farmer’s income during the pandemic, and to recommend policies to reduce the impact of the pandemic on vegetable farmers in North Sumatra. Data were collected through interviews with 53 vegetable farmers in two districts whose locations were selected purposively while the respondent farmers were selected by judgment. The data in this study were analyzed using descriptive methods through a quantitative approach. The results show that as many as 92.9% of respondents stated that their income had decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Factors causing a decrease in farmers income were rising prices for fertilizers and pesticides (89,3%), worries about activities due to the pandemic (98,2%), limited transportation for marketing among provinces (23,2%), regional transportation restrictions (46,4%), and time restrictions on selling in the market (26,8%), several government policies towards farmers during a pandemic must be implemented immediately.
Potential of non-timber forest products as medicinal plant sources in the protected forest area of Enrekang Regency
Authors: A R Rusmiati , Latifah H , Daud M , Hasanuddin  , Sultan  
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the types of plants, parts and potential of medicinal plant sources in protected forest areas of Enrekang Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, surveys and literature studies, and grouped into primary and secondary. The results show that there were 12 types of medicinal plants in the protected forest, namely candlenut, breadfruit, cinnamon, balsam, patikala, siri, laruna, suren, guava, kapok, lime and coffee. Furthermore, the medicinal plant parts used include seeds, roots, stems, leaves, fruit, bark, sap and flowers. The community uses medicinal plants in 7 ways, specifically burning, mashing, frying, drying, boiling, kneading and processing. There were eight methods of how to use of medicinal plants by the community, namely applying, drinking, gargling, inhaling, placing them on the wound, eating directly and washing the eyes.
A review: Agricultural production and food industry during Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Indah A B R , Sahar D P , Afifudin M T , Ikasari N , Mulyadi  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, many sectors were affected, including the world economic sector, which had fallen sharply, leading to several countries experiencing recession. some businesses closed due to government restrictions. However, this is different from the food industry, which is required to continue producing to meet food needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is not in line with the production system that is being implemented because there are several obstacles related to the supply of raw materials for production and ensuring that the health level of workers is maintained during a pandemic. This is a challenge for the food industry, because on the one hand they have to meet the needs of consumers while the production system is hampered because it can be caused by an unusual division of working hours. Therefore, a literature study was conducted regarding the state of the food industry production system during the Covid-19 pandemic and examined several policies that could be taken to ensure that the food production system continues as expected and supports food security.
Nandong as a culture-based effort to overcome food security toward COVID-19 pandemic situation in Simeulue Island
Authors: Zulkarnain  , Lubis T , Ramlan  , Dardanila  , Hasrul S , Shaumiwaty  , Saputra N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research discussed Oral Tradition Nandong (OTN) role through its performance of advice tradition in Simueluenese toward the agricultural sector. Further, it described how the performance supported food security during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The location of the research was on Simeulue Island. The data were collected by doing depth-interview and observation. The anthropolinguistic approach was used in this research. The research presented a model of food security in a rural area that deliberates both natural conditions and human effort. It showed that the role of OTN affected tenacity for surviving their food security as a concept. It was delivered through their daily activity and on some occasions. In those moments, the procedure in farming and cultivating are shared in a frame of advice. The obedience to obeying advice had affected Simeuluenese way of having access to sufficient food as their food security. This effort protected them from lack of food (especially the primary food) during lockdown situations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that OTN has an important role and should be accounted for in the agricultural sector for food security. Oral tradition as a medium to store and share knowledge and experiences built a cultural-based effort to maintain Simeuluenese agriculture for food security.