bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dioxin and Furan Emissions from Gasification
Authors: Masoumeh Safavi Seyedeh , Richter Christiaan , Unnthorsson Runar 
Published: January 2021

PCDD/Fs are a 75-member family of toxic chemicals that include congeners (members) that have serious health effects including congeners that are classified group 1 carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and weakening or damage to the immune system. Municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerations had historically been implicated as the major source of PCDD/Fs distributed by air. As a result of awareness and legislation most European MSW incinerators were either shut down or equipped with modern air pollution control systems necessary to achieve MSW incineration with PCDD/F emissions within regulatory limits set by national and international laws (typically <0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). There is a common belief that gasification of waste and/or biomass, unlike incineration, inherently and always achieve emission below regulatory and detectable limits. However, a review of the literature suggests that the belief that the substitution of incineration with gasification would always, or necessarily, reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels is overly simplistic. This chapter discusses the mechanisms of PCDD/Fs formation, the operational measures and parameter ranges that can be controlled during gasification to minimize PCDD/Fs formation, and methods for post-formation PCDD/F removal are reviewed. The purpose of this chapter is to assist researchers and practitioners in formulating waste management policies and strategies, and in conducting relevant research and environmental impact studies.
Global analysis of RNA–protein interactions in TNF‐α induced alternative splicing in metabolic disorders
Authors: Louis Jiss Maria , Agarwal Arjun , Aduri Raviprasad , Talukdar Indrani 
Published: January 2021

In this report, using the database of RNA‐binding protein specificities (RBPDB) and our previously published RNA‐seq data, we analyzed the interactions between RNA and RNA‐binding proteins to decipher the role of alternative splicing in metabolic disorders induced by TNF‐α. We identified 13 395 unique RNA–RBP interactions, including 385 unique RNA motifs and 35 RBPs, some of which (including MBNL‐1 and 3, ZFP36, ZRANB2, and SNRPA) are transcriptionally regulated by TNF‐α. In addition to some previously reported RBPs, such as RBMX and HuR/ELAVL1, we found a few novel RBPs, such as ZRANB2 and SNRPA, to be involved in the regulation of metabolic syndrome‐associated genes that contain an enrichment of tetrameric RNA sequences (AUUU). Taken together, this study paves the way for novel RNA–protein interaction‐based therapeutics for treating metabolic syndromes.
Agricultural exports and retaliatory trade actions: An empirical assessment of the 2018/2019 trade conflict
Authors: Grant Jason H. , Arita Shawn , Emlinger Charlotte , Johansson Robert , Xie Chaoping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe estimate the ex‐post agricultural trade impacts of retaliatory measures imposed by foreign countries in response to United States' Section 232 and 301 tariffs using a theoretically consistent, monthly, product line gravity equation. Retaliation led to significant US agricultural export losses of $13.5 to $18.7 billion on an annualized basis. Considerable heterogeneity exists in the average treatment effect of retaliation. First, retaliatory trade actions presented a strong within‐year seasonal impact. Nearly 70% of aggregate trade losses occurred during the US's peak export marketing season. Second, U.S. trade losses were particularly pronounced on homogeneous bulk commodities, whereas product differentiation dampened the impact of retaliation. Third, with few exceptions, the counterfactually estimated direct trade losses line up well with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) trade damage estimates for trade aid programs distributed to farmers impacted by the trade dispute. Finally, we find little evidence that U.S. exports were able to be reoriented to alternative, nonretaliating markets—an indication of high bilateral trade frictions and the destructive consequences of retaliatory trade actions.
The pace of secular changes of body measurements of children and adolescents from Kolkata (India) in the context of socioeconomic inequalities between the sexes
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Dasgupta Parasmani , Saha Rana , Das Rituparna , Das Sukanta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the pace of secular changes of selected body measurements and proportions of children and adolescents from Kolkata (India), between 1952–1966 and 1999–2011 in the context of differences between the sexes.MethodsThe study group consisted of 7753 children, adolescents and young adults (7–21 years of age) included in two series of studies (1952–1966 and 2005–2011). The measurements included: body height, sitting height, biacromial and biiliocristal diameters, as well as body mass. Additionally, subishial leg length was derived. The pace of the observed intergenerational trends was estimated on the basis of the differences of the mean values of the analyzed characteristics between both cohorts and expressed as the change of a given parameter for a decade. Information regarding the educational and professional status of the parents of participants was obtained using a questionnaire.ResultsIn the majority of the analyzed characteristics, the pace of intergenerational changes was significantly higher among males, in comparison to females. It was visible especially during adolescence—between 11 and 19 years of age. The positive trends, especially, for characteristics such as body height or limb lengths occurred significantly quicker in males, in comparison to females.ConclusionsThere were significant differences between the sexes in the pace of secular changes regarding the growth of the examined population. Considering the relatively homogenous economic situation of the families of the participants, it was more likely that those discrepancies effected from the social and domestic division of sexes, and the resulting differences in growth and development conditions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Heteroarenyne Cycloisomerization Reaction
Authors: Liang Ren‐Xiao , Song Ling‐Jie , Lu Jin‐Bo , Xu Wei‐Yan , Ding Chao , Jia Yi‐Xia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe extensively developed ene‐type enantioselective cycloisomerization of classical 1,n‐enynes provides an efficient approach to chiral cyclic 1,4‐dienes. In contrast, the catalytic asymmetric heteroarenyne (heteroarene–alkyne) cycloisomerization involving the dearomative transformation of endocyclic aromatic C=C bonds remains unknown. Herein, we communicate a PdH‐catalyzed enantioselective heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reaction of alkyne‐tethered indole substrates (formal 1,5‐ and 1,6‐enynes). Based on this strategy, a variety of structurally diverse chiral spiro and fused indoline derivatives bearing quaternary stereocenters and exocyclic C=C bonds are afforded in moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). The classical ene‐type enantioselective 1,5‐enyne cycloisomerization of N‐vinylpropiolamides is also developed to afford chiral 2‐pyrrolones in good to excellent ee values.
Olfactory impairment in Wilson’s disease
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Xin , Doty Richard L. , Cao Shanshan , Yang Junxiu , Sun Feng , Yan Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionOlfactory dysfunction is a common and early sign of many neurodegenerative disorders, but little is known about olfactory dysfunction in Wilson’s disease (WD). We aimed to evaluate olfactory function in patients with WD and identify selective WD screening odors.MethodsWe measured olfactory identification ability in 25 patients with WD and 25 healthy controls using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Patients with WD were evaluated using the Global Assessment Scale for WD (GAS). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini–Mental State Examination.ResultsPatients with WD were worse at identifying smells in the simplified Chinese version of the UPSIT compared with healthy controls (t = 2.198, p = .033), but there was no difference in olfactory dysfunction severity between the groups (V = 136, p = .094). UPSIT scores negatively correlated with the GAS neurological scores in patients with WD (r = −0.571, p = .003). Using logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, two models were screened. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that, to discriminate WD patients from healthy controls, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for a combination of seven odors (motor oil, onion, licorice, strawberry, tire, jasmine, and natural gas) was 0.926, while the AUC for three odors (onion, licorice, and jasmine) was 0.852.ConclusionsPatients with WD may have stable, selective olfactory impairments. This selective pattern may be a useful tool for disease diagnosis and prediction.
How I treat obesity and obesity related surgery in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: An outcome of an ELN project
Authors: Yassin Mohamed A. , Kassem Nancy , Ghassoub Rola 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObesity may affect treatment outcome in CML patients, therefore the treatment of this cohort of patients need careful monitoring, TKIs dose adjustment may be required for certain patients. Further studies are needed to determine the proper TKIs doses.
NF‐Y is critical for the proper growth of zebrafish embryonic heart and its cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: Chen Jing 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe ubiquitous NF‐Y gene regulates the expression of different genes in various signaling pathways. However, the function of NF‐Y in zebrafish heart development is largely unknown. Previously we identified a same group of cell cycle related gene cluster (CCRG) was downregulated in the embryonic hearts with impeded growth due to various stresses. The promoter regions of these CCRG genes shared a most common motif for NF‐Y. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrated that the binding of NF‐Y to its motif was real on the CCRG candidate gene promoters. Knockdown of embryonic NF‐Y by morpholinos led to a small heart, mimicking the abnormal heart phenotype caused by other stresses. In parallel the expression of certain CCRG candidate genes was reduced in the NF‐Y A morphant hearts exposed to malignant environments. Absence of NF‐Y A also led to undermine cardiomyocyte proliferation and hence less total number of caridomyocytes per heart. Trans‐AM Elisa experiment also found that in the presence of the stresses such as TCDD and TNNT2 MO, the binding capacity of NF‐Y A subunit to its core motif was reduced. We conclude that NF‐Y sustains proper cardiomyocyte proliferation in the heart, thus it plays a positive role in promoting early zebrafish heart growth.
Inorganic Chemistry in Latin America
Authors: Castillo Ivan , Fadini Luca , Doctorovich Fabio , Rossi Liane M. , González‐Gallardo Sandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry takes pride in showcasing the high‐quality research produced by some of the currently most active scientists in Latin America. With this initiative, we seek to highlight the breadth and depth of the science developed in the region, and to enhance its visibility in the wider chemistry community.
Fundamental mode selection thanks to metamaterial wall insertion in waveguides
Authors: Kuhler Lucille , Raveu Nathalie , Le Fur Gwenn , Duchesne Luc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new application of metamaterials is put forward, the selection of the fundamental mode of waveguides. To demonstrate this new application, the Modal Expansion Theory (MET) hybridized with a 2‐D Finite Element Method (FEM) is used. The procedure to design metamaterial waveguides using the MET is also introduced. This method is used to design a corrugated waveguide with a TM01 mode as fundamental mode, knowing that in metallic waveguide the fundamental mode is the TE11. As a proof of concept, this metamaterial waveguide is fabricated as well as the metallic waveguide. Both waveguides are excited with the TE11 mode, which results in a standard propagation of this mode in the metallic waveguide, and no propagation in the corrugated waveguide. To excite the TM01, a new Coaxial to Waveguide Transition is developed and presented in the paper. Both, simulations and experiments are carried out in order to verify and prove the fact that the fundamental mode of the corrugated waveguide is the TM01 mode.
Study on simplified energy‐efficient control methods of HVAC cooling water system from the global online optimization perspective
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Wang Jiaming , Fu Peng , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe cooling water system is an indispensable part in the removal of the indoor cooling load in heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, the complexity and strong coupling characteristics of the controlled objects lead to unsatisfied control effects in most practical engineering applications. In this paper, the cooling water system is studied as a whole from the perspective of online application. Firstly, the mathematical models of the cooling water system are introduced and simplified based on the experimental data from the actual system. The simplified models have easy obtained inputs and programmable structure, which renders higher feasibility and practicality for the model‐based control method applied in the real system. On this base, an easily implemented control method for cooling water system is proposed to improve the global efficiency. By comparing with the conventional constant temperature difference control strategy and constant speed control strategy in the simulation platform, the proposed water flow optimization control strategy is superior in both global COP and energy saving at the same operating conditions, and 0.37% and 3.45% of energy consumption can be saved, respectively. The simulation results imply that the proposed simplified method is a referable control method for designing or retrofitting the real cooling water system.
Influence of polysaccharide‐based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh‐cut lettuce
Authors: Li Li , Yi Ping , Li Changbao , Xin Ming , Sun Jian , He Xuemei , Sheng Jinfeng , Zhou Zhugui , Zheng Fengjin , Li Jiemin , Liu Guoming , Ling Dongning , Tang Jie , Li Zhichun , Yang Ying , Tang Yayuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFresh‐cut lettuce has a short shelf‐life due to enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence. The present study investigated effects of polysaccharide‐based edible coatings (alginate, chitosan, and carrageenan) on enzymatic browning and antioxidant defense system of fresh‐cut lettuces during cold storage (4°C) for 15 days. The results showed that three coatings could inhibit enzymatic browning through maintaining total phenolics (TP) content and decreasing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activities. These coatings also reduced phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities. Besides, all coatings positively affected sensory properties of fresh‐cut lettuces after 3 days storage. Additionally, among three coating treatments, chitosan coating had the most positive effects on quality of fresh‐cut lettuce and was the most suitable coating for retarding enzymatic browning and alleviating membrane oxidative damage. These results indicated that polysaccharide‐based edible coatings were helpful to maintain quality, inhibit enzymatic browning, and postpone senescence of fresh‐cut lettuce.
Examining the relationship of immunotherapy and wound complications following flap reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Mays Ashley C. , Yarlagadda Bharat , Achim Virginie , Jackson Ryan , Pipkorn Patrik , Huang Andrew T. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Sridharan Shaum , Rosko Andrew J. , Orosco Ryan K. , Coughlin Andrew M. , Wax Mark K. , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Spanos William C. , Farwell Donald Gregory , McDaniel Lee S. , Hanasono Matthew M. ,   American Head and Neck Society Reconstructive Microsurgery Committee
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy agents are used to treat advanced head and neck lesions. We aim to elucidate relationship between immunotherapy and surgical wound complications.MethodsRetrospective multi‐institutional case series evaluating patients undergoing ablative and flap reconstructive surgery and immunotherapy treatment. Main outcome: wound complications.ResultsEight‐two (62%) patients received preoperative therapy, 89 (67%) postoperative, and 33 (25%) in both settings. Forty‐one (31%) patients had recipient site complications, 12 (9%) had donor site. Nineteen (14%) had major recipient site complications, 22 (17%) had minor. There was no statistically significant difference in complications based on patient or tumor‐specific variables. Preoperative therapy alone demonstrated increased major complications (odds ratio [OR] 3.7, p = 0.04), and trend to more donor site complications (OR 7.4, p = 0.06), however treatment in both preoperative and postoperative therapy was not.ConclusionsPreoperative immunotherapy may be associated with increased wound complications. Controlled studies are necessary to delineate this association and potential risks of therapy.
Mitochondria are devoid of poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1, but harbor its product oligo(ADP‐ribose)
Authors: Köritzer Julia , Blenn Christian , Bürkle Alexander , Beneke Sascha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are conflicting data about localization of poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1 and its product poly(ADP‐ribose) in mitochondria. To finally clarify the discussion, we investigated with biochemical and cell biological methods the potential presence of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 in these organelles. Our data show that endogenous and overexpressed poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase 1 is only localized to the nucleus with a clear exclusion of cytosolic compartments. In addition, highly purified mitochondria devoid of nuclear contaminations do not contain poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1. Although no poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1 enzyme is detectable in mitochondria, a shorter variant of its product poly(ADP‐ribose) is present, associated specifically with a small subset of mitochondrial proteins as revealed by immunoprecipitation and protein fingerprint analysis. These proteins are located at key‐points of the Krebs‐cycle, are chaperones involved in mitochondrial functionality and quality‐control, and are RNA‐binding proteins important for transcript stability, respectively. Of note, despite the fact that especially poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1 is its own major target for modification, we could not detect this enzyme by mass spectrometry in these organelles. These data suggests a new way of targeted nuclear‐mitochondrial signaling, mediated by nuclear poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation dependent on poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase‐1.
Familial variability of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis lacking typical biochemical findings
Authors: Guenzel Adam J. , DeBarber Andrea , Raymond Kimiyo , Dhamija Radhika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of bile acid synthesis caused by pathogenic variants in the CYP27A1 gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme sterol 27‐hydroxylase. Patients with CTX can present with a wide range of symptoms, but most often have evidence of tendon xanthomas along with possible cataracts, atherosclerosis, or neurological dysfunction. Regardless of clinical phenotype, CTX patients typically exhibit levels of cholestanol and bile acid precursors in the circulation that are many fold increased over normal control concentrations. Here we report two siblings, one with the rare spinal xanthomatosis phenotype and the other with a very mild form of CTX manifesting as minor tendon xanthomatosis and gastrointestinal complaints who both carry compound heterozygous variants in CYP27A1: NM_000784.3: c.410G > A (p.Arg137Gln) and c.1183C > T (p.Arg395Cys). However, biochemical analysis of these patients revealed normal levels of serum cholestanol and relatively mild elevations of the bile acid precursors 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one and 7α,12α‐dihydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one. The atypical biochemical presentation of these cases represents a diagnostic challenge for a disorder once thought to have a sensitive biomarker in cholestanol and highlight the need for thorough investigation of patients with symptomatology consistent with CTX that includes bile acid precursor biochemical testing and molecular analysis.
Consensus‐based nutrition care pathways for hospital‐to‐community transitions and older adults in primary and community care
Authors: Keller Heather , Donnelly Rachael , Laur Celia , Goharian Leila , Nasser Roseann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPractical guidance for providers on preventing, detecting, and treating malnutrition in primary care (PC) and the community is limited. The purpose of this study was to develop nutrition care pathways for adult patients (aged ≥18 years) transitioning from hospital to community and community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) who are at risk for malnutrition.MethodsA review of best‐practice nutrition evidence and guidelines published between 2009 and 2019 was performed using PubMed and CINAHL. Findings were summarized into two draft care pathways by the Primary Care Working Group of the Canadian Malnutrition Task Force. Diverse stakeholders (n = 21) reviewed and suggested revisions at a 1‐day meeting. Revisions were made and an online survey was conducted to determine the relevance and importance of discrete care practices, and to establish consensus for which practices should be retained in the pathways. Providers (e.g., dietitians, physicians, nurses; n = 291) across healthcare settings completed the survey. Consensus on relevance and importance of practices was set at ≥80%.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐eight resources were identified and used to develop the draft pathways. Survey participants assigned ratings of ≥80% for relevance and importance for all nutrition care practices, except community service providers monitoring patient weight and appetite.ConclusionThese evidence‐ and consensus‐based nutrition pathways offer guidance to healthcare and service providers on how to deliver nutrition care during hospital‐to‐community transitions for malnourished adult patients and community‐dwelling older adults at risk for malnutrition. These pathways are flexible for diverse PC and community models.