bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent-offspring inference in inbred populations
Authors: Runge Jan-Niklas , König Barbara , Lindholm Anna K. , Bendesky Andres 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenealogical relationships are fundamental components of genetic studies. However, it is often challenging to infer correct and complete pedigrees even when genome-wide information is available. For example, inbreeding can obfuscate genetic differences between individuals, making it difficult to even distinguish first-degree relatives such as parent-offspring from full siblings. Similarly, genotyping errors can interfere with the detection of genetic similarity between parents and their offspring. Inbreeding is common in natural, domesticated, and experimental populations and genotyping of these populations often has more errors than in human datasets, so efficient methods for building pedigrees under these conditions are necessary. Here, we present a new method for parent-offspring inference in inbred pedigrees called SPORE (Specific Parent-Offspring Relationship Estimation). SPORE is vastly superior to existing pedigree-inference methods at detecting parent-offspring relationships, in particular when inbreeding is high or in the presence of genotyping errors, or both. SPORE therefore fills an important void in the arsenal of pedigree inference tools.Author SummaryKnowing the genealogical relationships among individuals is critical for genetic analyses, such as for identifying the mutations that cause diseases or that contribute to valuable agricultural traits such as milk production. Although many tools exist for establishing pedigrees using genetic information, these tools fail when individuals are highly inbred, such as in domesticated animals, or in groups of people in which consanguineous matings are common. Furthermore, existing tools do not work well when genetic information has errors at levels observed in modern datasets. Here, we present a novel approach to solve these problems. Our method is significantly more accurate than existing tools and more tolerant of errors in the genetic data. We expect that our method, which is simple to use and computationally efficient, will be a useful tool in a diversity of settings, from the studies of human and natural populations, to agricultural and experimental settings.
iEnhancer-CLA: Self-attention-based interpretable model for enhancers and their strength prediction
Authors: Cai Lijun , Ren Xuanbai , Fu Xiangzheng , Gao Mingyu , Wang Peng , Xu Junling , Liu Wei , Li Zejun , Zeng Xiangxiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnhancer is a class of non-coding DNA cis-acting elements that plays a crucial role in the development of eukaryotes for their transcription. Computational methods for predicting enhancers have been developed and achieve satisfactory performance. However, existing computational methods suffer from experience-based feature engineering and lack of interpretability, which not only limit the representation ability of the models to some extent, but also make it difficult to provide interpretable analysis of the model prediction findings.In this paper, we propose a novel deep-learning-based model, iEnhancer-CLA, for identifying enhancers and their strengths. Specifically, iEnhancer-CLA automatically learns sequence 1D features through multiscale convolutional neural networks (CNN), and employs a self-attention mechanism to represent global features formed by multiple elements (multibody effects). In particular, the model can provide an interpretable analysis of the enhancer motifs and key base signals by decoupling CNN modules and generating self-attention weights. To avoid the bias of setting hyperparameters manually, we construct Bayesian optimization methods to obtain model global optimization hyperparameters. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing predictors in terms of accuracy for identifying enhancers and their strengths. Importantly, our analyses found that the distribution of bases in enhancers is uneven and the base G contents are more enriched, while the distribution of bases in non-enhancers is relatively even. This result contributes to the improvement of prediction performance and thus facilitates revealing an in-depth understanding of the potential functional mechanisms of enhancers.Author summaryThe enhancers contain many subspecies and the accuracy of existing models is difficult to improve due to the small data set. Motivated by the need for accurate and efficient methods to predict enhancer types, we developed a self-attention deep learning model iEnhancer-CLA, the aim is to be able to distinguish effectively and quickly between subspecies of enhancers and whether they are enhancers or not. The model is able to learn sequence features effectively through the combination of multi-scale CNN blocks, BLSTM layers, and self-attention mechanisms, thus improving the accuracy of the model. Encouragingly, by decoupling the CNN layer it was found that the layer was effective in learning the motif of the sequences, which in combination with the self-attention weights could provide interpretability to the model. We further performed sequence analysis in conjunction with the model-generated weights and discovered differences in enhancer and non-enhancer sequence characteristics. This phenomenon can be a guide for the construction of subsequent models for identifying enhancer sequences.
Identifying and cultivating voluntary helpful employee behavior
Authors: Lyons Paul , Bandura Randall , Levitt Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This essay is practitioner-focused and aims to provide the manager or supervisor with a summary of critical information regarding voluntary, employee helpful behavior or organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The summary helps explain motivation and predispositions per OCB, as well as explicit advice regarding ways to encourage and, perhaps, recognize this desired behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Methodology is grounded on two elements. First, a literature review of empirical and other research on OCB, pro-social behavior, extra-role behavior, and contextual performance. Second, based on review and brief analysis of features of the behavior to include: definitions, motivation/predispositions, and employee performance, explicit guidance is offered for managers.

Findings
Critical information is provided about OCB and voluntary helpful behavior. The objective is to identify important aspects of the behavior and place it in a format that is accessible to the typical manager or supervisor. This approach can assist the manager to create appropriate means to identify the desired behavior as well as to encourage it.

Practical implications
Virtually all of the empirical research on OCB and other forms of voluntary helpful behavior make the case that such behavior is most desirable for the organization, manager, and co-workers. The research also points out that not all employees who engage in the behavior have expectations of recognition or any form of reward for their actions. This essay gives the practitioner information regarding observation of the behavior and its motivation. In addition, advice is provided to assist in stimulating the desired behavior.

Originality/value
Currently, nearly all of the expressions of OCB and voluntary helpful employee behavior are found in academic journals and related literature. Typically, these sources of information are not readily available to practicing managers. This condition is what prompts an essay aimed at practitioners that captures the essential aspects of the voluntary, desirable employee behavior as well as practical advice.
Using data mining to track the information spreading on social media about the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Xing Yunfei , He Wu , Cao Gaohui , Li Yuhai 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
COVID-19, a causative agent of the potentially fatal disease, has raised great global public health concern. Information spreading on the COVID-19 outbreak can strongly influence people behaviour in social media. This paper aims to question of information spreading on COVID-19 outbreak are addressed with a massive data analysis on Twitter from a multidimensional perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
The evolutionary trend of user interaction and the network structure is analysed by social network analysis. A differential assessment on the topics evolving is provided by the method of text clustering. Visualization is further used to show different characteristics of user interaction networks and public opinion in different periods.

Findings
Information spreading in social media emerges from different characteristics during various periods. User interaction demonstrates multidimensional cross relations. The results interpret how people express their thoughts and detect topics people are most discussing in social media.

Research limitations/implications
This study is mainly limited by the size of the data sets and the unicity of the social media. It is challenging to expand the data sets and choose multiple social media to cross-validate the findings of this study.

Originality/value
This paper aims to find the evolutionary trend of information spreading on the COVID-19 outbreak in social media, including user interaction and topical issues. The findings are of great importance to help government and related regulatory units to manage the dissemination of information on emergencies, in terms of early detection and prevention.
Omnichannel retailing: does it empower consumers and influence patronage?
Authors: Mishra Sita , Malhotra Gunjan , Arora Vibha , Mukhopadhyay Sandip 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study analyzes how omnichannel integration influences customer patronage intention, highlighting the moderation effect of consumer service experience consciousness. Additionally, it also examines the sequential mediating role of consumer empowerment and satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a survey method to collect data from 336 young Indian consumers, having experienced omnichannel retailing. Data were analyzed using SPSS PROCESS macro to examine both the mediating and moderated relationships.FindingsThe results confirm that a customers' perceived online–offline channel integration increases their patronage intention directly and through the mediating role of consumer empowerment and satisfaction. Additionally, as a moderator, consumer service experience consciousness does not necessarily impact consumer patronage interest through the mediating role of consumer empowerment. Nevertheless, it does have a negative impact through the mediating role of consumer satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights into designing online–offline retailing integration, based upon which, proposes several recommendations for increasing customer satisfaction and patronage intention.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is among the first studies to highlight the theory of consumer empowerment in the context of omnichannel retailing. Thus, it contributes to the extant literature on omnichannel retailing while investigating the moderating role of consumer service experience consciousness.
Multi-objective maintenance planning under preventive maintenance
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Almowas Hiba 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis research developed and examined a mathematical model for concurrent corrective and preventive maintenance policy of a system of series configuration.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical model was developed to maximize availability, and maximal net revenues, and minimal cost. Different probability distributions for time to failure and time to repair were considered. The model was then implemented on a real case study, which was studied under corrective maintenance policy and concurrent corrective and preventive policy.FindingsA comparison between results at current policy (90 days) and optimal period of corrective and preventive policy was conducted. It was found that availability, profit was increased from 94.4% and $20.091 – 96.5% and $24.803, respectively. Further, the cost was reduced from $1104.8 to $797.22.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed optimization model can be adopted in planning maintenance activities for a single machine as well as for a system of series configuration machines under various probability distributions.Practical implicationsThe proposed model can significantly enhance performance of the production as well as maintenance systems. In addition, the developed model may support maintenance engineering in effective management of maintenance resources and the performance of its activities.Originality/valueThis research considers a mathematical model with multi-objective functions and distinct probability distributions for time-to-failure for a system of series machines. Moreover, appropriate approximation solution was deployed to find integral of some functions. Finally, it provides maintenance planning for a single machine or a series of machines.
Network Mechanisms in the Entry and Post‐Entry Phases of Internationalization: Evidence from Finnish Family Firms
Authors: Leppäaho Tanja , Jack Sarah L. , Plakoyiannaki Emmanuella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we posed the questions: (i) What network mechanisms do family firms (FFs) use in their entry and post‐entry? (ii) How do they use these network mechanisms? (iii) Why do they use these mechanisms? We based our study on social network theory, and on two opposing network mechanisms,network closureandstructural holes, referring also to research on FFs and international networking. Applying a multiple case design with 15 Finnish FFs, we identified four types of FFs – trotter, preserver, explorer and conqueror – based on how they used their network mechanisms at entry and post‐entry. We offer a new mechanism that we labelnetwork terminationand explain the heterogeneous networking behaviour of the investigated cases. During post‐entry, bifurcation‐biased FFs used network mechanisms differently from FFs that were able to rely on non‐family relational assets. The study contributes to social network theory, and sheds light on FF heterogeneity in the context of international networking.
The Phonetics and Phonology of Old Armenian <V>, <W>, and Prevocalic <OW>*
Authors: Kim Ronald I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Old Armenian letters <v> and <w> occur in nearly complementary distribution, but a century of scholarship has failed to resolve whether they denote separate phonemes, allophones, or allographs. The relation of these sounds to the vowel /u/ and interpretation of prevocalic <ow> spellings are also debated. It is argued that Old Armenian had a single phoneme /u/ realized as [u] in syllabic positions, i.e. between consonants or between consonant and word boundary, and [w] or [v] next to a vowel. In initial position the nonsyllabic allophone was realized as [v], including before [ə] < pretonic *i, e.g.vasn[ˈvɑsən] ‘because of, with respect to’,vnas[vəˈnɑs] ‘harm, damage’, underyingly /uasn/, /uinas/. In word‐medial position the realization was [w] or perhaps [ʋ], which was written <v> afteroand <w> after other vowels. After a consonant, <w> occurs in the oblique case forms ofwo‐ andwo/ea‐stems, where it reflects dissimilation in the sequence *‐iyo‐> *‐yo‐> *‐wo‐; otherwise we find <ow> representing [əw], e.g. inlowanam[ləwɑˈnɑm] ‘wash’, gen.anowan[ɑnəˈwɑn] ‘name’, underlyingly /luanam/, /anuan/. The diphthongsaw,ew,iw,ovcan therefore be interpreted as sequences of vowel + /u/, as int‘iw/t‘iu/ ‘number’, gen.t‘owoy/t‘iuoy/.
Participation, Pricing, and Enrollment in a Health Insurance “Public Option”: Evidence From Washington State's Cascade Care Program
Authors: SEN ADITI P. , SINGH YASHASWINI , MEISELBACH MARK K. , EISENBERG MATTHEW D. , ANDERSON GERARD F. 
Published: November 2021

Policy Points
Policymakers considering introduction of a health insurance “public option” to lower health spending and reduce the number of uninsured can learn from Washington State, which offered the nation's first public option (“Cascade Care”) through its state exchange in 2021.
This article examines insurer participation, pricing, and enrollment in the Washington public option. The public option was the lowest‐premium standard silver plan in 9 of the 19 counties in which it was offered.
Cascade Care is available solely through private insurers. Voluntary participation of these insurers and uncertainty about the willingness of providers to participate may have hindered greater premium reductions and enrollment in the public option's first year.
ContextState and federal policymakers considering introduction of a health insurance “public option” can learn from Washington State, which established the nation's first public option, with coverage beginning in January 2021. Public option plans were offered voluntarily by private insurers through the Washington Health Benefit Exchange and were subject to state‐mandated plan design and payment requirements.MethodsWe used plan data from the Washington Health Benefit Exchange, linked to data from the US Census Bureau, the American Hospital Association, and InterStudy. We compared geographic availability and premiums of, and enrollment in, public option and non–public option plans, as well as characteristics of counties where the public option was available and counties where the public option was the lowest‐premium plan.FindingsAt least one public option plan was available in 19 of 39 counties and was the lowest‐premium option in 9 of the 19 counties where it was available. Five insurers offered public option plans, including one new entrant to the state and one new entrant to the Exchange. While public option availability was more common in counties where the Exchange was bigger and more competitive, public option plans had the lowest premium in smaller, less competitive counties. In the first year, 1% of enrollees selected the public option, in part due to automatic reenrollment of the majority of returning enrollees in their 2020 plan.ConclusionsPublic option plans offered a low‐premium choice in counties that otherwise had fewer affordable plans, but voluntary participation of insurers and providers and accompanying uncertainty about participation hindered widespread and substantial premium reductions. States should consider tying public option participation by insurers and providers to other state programs and using decision support tools to promote active enrollment. Federal policymakers can support state efforts while considering establishment of a national public option.
Digital clock drawing test metrics in older patients before and after endoscopy with sedation: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Buckley Richard A. , Atkins Kelly J. , Silbert Brendan , Scott David A. , Evered Lisbeth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the postoperative period, clinically feasible instruments to monitor elderly patients' neurocognitive recovery and discharge‐readiness, especially after short‐stay procedures, are limited. Cognitive monitoring may be improved by a novel digital clock drawing test (dCDT). We screened for cognitive impairment with the 4 A Test (4AT) and then administered the dCDT pre and post short‐stay procedure (endoscopy). The primary aim was to investigate whether the dCDT was sensitive to a change in cognitive status postendoscopy. We also investigated if preoperative cognitive status impacted postendoscopy dCDT variables.MethodsWe recruited 100 patients ≥65 years presenting for endoscopy day procedures at a single metropolitan hospital. Participants were assessed after admission and immediately before discharge from the hospital. We administered the 4AT, followed by both command and copy clock conditions of the dCDT. We analysed the total drawing time (dCDT time), as well as scored the drawn clock against the established Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) criteria both before and after endoscopy.ResultsLinear regression showed higher 4AT test scores (poorer performance) were associated with longer postoperative dCDT time (β = 5.6, p = 0.012) for the command condition after adjusting for preoperative baseline dCDT metrics, sex, age, and years of education.ConclusionPostoperative dCDT time‐based variables slowed in those with baseline cognitive impairment detected by the 4AT, but not for those without cognitive impairment. Our results suggest the dCDT, using the command mode, may help detect cognitive impairment in patients aged >65 years after elective endoscopy.
Novel combination biologic therapy for recalcitrant psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a medically complex patient
Authors: Hanna Sarah , Youssef Peter , Lowe Patricia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor patients who do not achieve adequate disease control on biologic monotherapy, or monotherapy with an oral‐systemic agent such as methotrexate, combination biologic therapy may be considered. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case assessing the safety and efficacy of the combination of an interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) inhibitor (risankizumab) with a tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) inhibitor (golimumab) in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. After twelve months of treatment with risankizumab and golimumab, our patient experienced a significant improvement in his psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis without any adverse effects to date.
The self in a time of constant connectivity
Authors: WALTER ANNA‐MARIA 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTUbiquitous mobile phones have transformed not just our modes of communication but our self‐perception. In facilitating a direct personal connection, be it via a call, a text message, or social media, they present the unprecedented challenge of synchronicity, in which users must simultaneously navigate different social contexts and plural identities. In the area of Gilgit, northern Pakistan, young women in particular struggle with social scrutiny of their mobile phone use, given the latter's potential to facilitate illicit relationships. They counter such threats to their moral integrity by consciously limiting their range of interlocutors. They invoke “trust” and curate a more transparent, congruent version of themselves as pious yet competent and sophisticated digital users. This allows them to creatively adapt new technologies and, most importantly, to implement and promote an Islamically sanctioned form of courtship. By prompting processes of individuation, mobile phones paradoxically restrict the enactment of plural selves yet allow for creative improvisations. [personhood, self, trust, digital technology, mobile phone, gender, Islam, Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan]