bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Stabilization with or without Ablation for Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors
Authors: English D. Ian , Lea William B. , King David M. , Tutton Sean M. , Neilson John C. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Metastatic bone disease in the periacetabular region represents a potentially devastating problem for patients. Surgical treatment can offer pain relief and restore function. We describe a series of patients treated with minimally invasive osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation.

Methods:
Thirty-eight patients with 16 different metastatic tumor subtypes were managed with osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation at a single institution. A retrospective review was performed to determine functional outcomes with use of the 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score as well as changes in narcotic usage.

Results:
MSTS scores improved for all patients following surgery. Narcotic usage decreased in >80% of patients. Approximately half of the operations were outpatient procedures. Complications were minimal, there were no delays in chemotherapy or radiation due to surgical wound concerns, and there were no surgery-related deaths. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 months, with a 39% survival rate at the time of writing. Six of the 12 patients who survived for >1 year required additional procedures at a mean of 12 months (range, 4 to 23 months).

Conclusions:
Treatment of periacetabular metastatic disease with minimally invasive stabilization with or without ablation provides pain relief and functional improvement with lower complication rates than previously reported open reconstruction techniques. The minimally invasive approach allows for rapid initiation of chemotherapy and radiation. Patients with particularly aggressive cancers that are poorly responsive to systemic therapies and radiation may have progression of disease and may require additional procedures. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty was uncomplicated, and the cement and screw constructs were retained, providing a stable base for the arthroplasty reconstruction.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Species-Specific Settling Behaviors of Benthic Foraminifera: Size, Density and Structure
Authors: Chen Yining , Shi Yukun , Huang Silong 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Settling velocity is a key hydrodynamic parameter to understand the transport behavior of benthic foraminiferal tests. Both size and density are fundamental in predicting settling velocity, but their relative importance is unclear. We used specimens of four benthic foraminiferal species from a carbonate-sand sample collected from Xisha Qundao, South China Sea, to investigate this question. Measurements on foraminiferal test size, shape, and density were combined with settling velocity observations using a laboratory settling tube. In addition, a micro-Computed Tomography (CT) Scanner was used to extract the internal-structure patterns of the tests of four representative specimens. Our study revealed that both size and density are important in affecting settling velocity, but the relative importance is species-specific. Size is more important than density for Amphistegina lobifera and Heterostegina depressa; these two factors are equally important for Peneroplis pertusus, but the settling velocity of Sorites orbiculus is also considerably controlled by their unique structure, besides size and density. This species-specific pattern was further compared with test development to reveal the associated biological mechanisms. As a result, a novel parameter, DT (density*TND2), is proposed as a better variable for predicting the species-specific settling behaviors.
Rolling circle amplification with electrochemical detection assay for SARS-CoV-2&nbsp;
Authors: Chaibun Thanyarat , Puenpa Jiratchaya , Ngamdee Tatchanun , Boonapatcharoen Nimaradee , Athamanolap Pornpat , O’Mullane Anthony Peter , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong , Lertanantawong Benchaporn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This protocol describes the rolling circle amplification (RCA) and electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2. The procedure consists of 3 parts, which are the amplification, hybridization and detection steps. In the presence of RNA template, the circular DNA template will be ligated to produce a Padlock DNA, which serves as a template for amplification by phi29 DNA polymerase to produce RCA amplicons. The RCA amplicon is a concatemer containing multiple repeats of sequences that are complementary to the circular template. The RCA amplicons are hybridized with redox active probes and detected by electrochemical biosensor using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Due to its isothermal nature, RCA can be performed using a simple water bath or heating block. Overall, the whole assay takes approximately 45 min. The assay enables rapid, quantitative results to be obtained for detection of SARS-CoV-2, either in the laboratory or more importantly, in a field setting.
Glycan chip based on structure switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans
Authors: Heo Hye Ryoung , Joo Kye Il , Seo Jeong Hyun , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a novel glycan chip was developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations were optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrated the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
Hemagglutination Test (HAT) to detect antibodies against the RBD domain of the SARS2-Covid19 virus
Authors: Townsend Alain , Rijal Pramila , Tan Tiong Kit , Joly Etienne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Serological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates ofseroconversion in populations, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may beprotective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have beendescribed, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparativelyexpensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests do notrequire special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and canbe applied at the Point of Care. We describe a quantitative Haemagglutination test (HAT) forthe detection of antibodies to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The HAT has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after aPCR diagnosed infection. We will supply aliquots of the test reagent sufficient for tenthousand test wells free of charge to qualified research groups anywhere in the world.
Multiplexed Mass Spectrometry of Individual Ions Improves Measurement of Proteoforms and Their Complexes
Authors: Kafader Jared O. , Melani Rafael D. , Durbin Kenneth R. , Ikwuagwu Bon , Early Bryan P. , Fellers Ryan T. , Beu Steven C. , Zabrouskov Vlad , Makarov Alexander A. , Maze Joshua T. , Shinholt Deven L. , Yip Ping F. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle , Senko Michael W. , Compton Philip D. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Protocol for sample preparation, instrumental settings, and processing for the individual ion mass spectrometry method (I2MS) utilizing an Orbitrap analyzer.
Sars-Cov-2 Spike 1 protein control Natural killer cells activation via HLA-E/NKG2A pathway.
Authors: Bortolotti Daria , Gentili Valentina , Rizzo Sabrina , Rotola Antonella , Rizzo Roberta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important in the control of viral infections. However, the role of NK cells during Sars-Cov-2 infection has previously not been identified. Peripheral blood NK cells from Sars-Cov and Sars-Cov-2 naïve subjects were evaluated for their activation, degranulation, interferon-gamma expression in the presence of Sars-Cov and Sars-Cov-2 spike proteins. K562 and lung epithelial cells were transfected with spike proteins and co-cultured with NK cells. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry and immune-fluorescence. Sars-Cov and Sars-Cov-2 spike proteins did not alter NK cell activation in K562 in vitro model. On the contrary, Sars-Cov-2 spike 1 protein (SP1) intracellular expression by lung epithelial cells resulted in NK cell reduced degranulation. Further experiments revealed a concomitant induction of HLA-E expression on the surface of lung epithelial cells and the recognition of a SP1-derived HLA-E-binding peptide. Simultaneously, there was the up-modulation of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A/CD94 on NK cells when SP1 is expressed in lung epithelial cells. We ruled out GATA3 transcription factor as responsible for HLA-E increased levels and HLA-E/NKG2A interaction as implicate in NK cells exhaustion. We show for the first time that NK cells are affected by SP1 expression in lung epithelial cells via HLA-E/NKG2A interaction. The resulting NK cells exhaustion might contribute to immunopathogenesis in Sars-Cov-2 infection.
Transcriptome analysis reveals different responses and tolerance mechanisms of EPSPS and GAT genes in transgenic soybeans
Authors: Guo Bingfu , Hong Hui-Long , Guo Yong , Qiu Li-Juan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum and non-selective systemic herbicide. Introduction of glyphosate tolerance genes like EPSPS or detoxification genes like GAT could confer glyphosate tolerance to plants. Our previous study revealed that co-expression of EPSPS and GAT genes conferred higher glyphosate tolerance with no “yellow flashing” phenomenon. However, the tolerance mechanisms response to glyphosate at transcriptional level was still unknown. Methods and Results: To investigate glyphosate tolerance mechanisms in different GM soybeans, RNA-seq analysis was conducted using four soybean genotypes, including two non-transgenic (NT) soybeans ZH10, MD12, and two GM soybeans HJ698 and ZH10-6. A total of 90.72 Gb clean reads were generated and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in these soybeans before and after glyphosate treatments. The similar response of glyphosate in NT soybeans and the different effect of glyphosate to two GM soybeans were identified. The number of DEGs involved in shikimate biosynthetic pathway and herbicide targeted cross-pathways was continuously increased in NT soybeans, and slightly increased in HJ698 as the increasing of treat time. However, it was only significantly increased at 12hpt but tended to recover to levels of 0 hpt at 72 hpt in ZH10-6, which can explain the higher glyphosate tolerance of ZH10-6.Conclusions: All these results suggested that GAT and EPSPS genes associated play a crucial role in response to glyphosate, and the former might work at the early stage of glyphosate exposure while the latter might be activated after the uptake of glyphosate uptake. These findings will provide valuable sights for understanding of the molecular basis underlying glyphosate tolerance.
Temporal and microtopographical variations in greenhouse gas fluxes from riparian forest soils along headwater streams
Authors: Silverthorn Teresa K. , Richardson John S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Riparian zones of headwater streams have valuable ecosystem functions and are prevalent across many landscapes. Nevertheless, studies of greenhouse gas (GHG; CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) fluxes from these unique ecosystems, with fluctuating water tables and high soil organic matter, remain limited. Our objectives were to (1) to quantify the effects of local riparian groundwater conditions on soil GHG flux rates, namely to determine if groundwater discharge (DIS) areas in the riparian zone would have higher soil moisture than adjacent non-discharge (ND) areas in the riparian zone, impacting GHG fluxes; and (2) to examine the relationship between GHG fluxes, soil moisture, soil temperature, and groundwater depth. We measured gas fluxes in situ alongside two relatively undisturbed headwater streams over one year, using closed static chambers and gas chromatography. We found that, although not significant, DIS areas had on average lower CH 4 uptake and lower CO 2 emissions than ND areas. We further found that soil temperature explained 30.0% and 26.2% of variation in CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, respectively, and soil moisture explained 9.8% of variation in CH 4 fluxes. Our results provide information on the magnitude and drivers of GHG fluxes in riparian zones to help inform GHG budgets and forest management.
Dynamic Link Adaptation For Filterband Multicarrier In Networks With Diverse Service Quality And Throughput Requirements
Authors: Tiwana Amna Javed , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ashraf Tabinda , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Shahzad Kashif , Akhunzada Adnan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The fast evolution in wireless communication standards and enhancement in cellular applications has created an exponential rise in the data rate requirement over the past few decades. The next generation wireless standards, therefore, need not only to provide ultra high data rates with minimum latency, but also to support diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Filterbank multicarrier (FBMC) scheme provides quite a few advantages over the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for future wire-
less networks. In order to achieve adaptive throughput and diverse service quality requirements under varying channel conditions, a link adaptation algorithm for FBMC scheme is proposed in this paper. The aim is to provide the dynamic selection of optimum parameters resulting in diverse modes of operation to ensure the desired and/or best available communication service quality. The proposed link adaptation algorithm incorporates the parameters of required data rate, available channel condition and QoS demand, and dynamically allocates the appropriate FBMC transmission parameters. The proposed scheme has been evaluated for AWGN as well as multipath fading SUI channel models. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm successfully achieves the desired service quality subject to the availability of suitable channel conditions and is also superior to the existing algorithms in terms of block error rate and effective throughput.
Control of A Tomato Plant Root-Knot Nematode By Induced Resistance Of Oxalic Acid Derived From Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Yeon Jehyeong , Park Ae Ran , MinKyu-Kang  , Nguyen Van Thi , Lee Yookyung , Kim Ho Myeong , Park Hae Woong , Panjung-Ha  , Koo Yeonjong , Kim Jin-Cheol 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aspergillus niger F22 producing oxalic acid (OA) as a nematicidal component is currently used as a microbial nematicide. OA is known to induce systemic resistance in plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, but the induced resistance of OA has not yet been elucidated in plant diseases caused by root-knot nematodes (RKNs). In this study, we investigated the functional mechanism of induced resistance of A. niger F22 formulation (Nemafree, 20% SC) and OA in tomato plant RKN disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita and analyzed their effectiveness against the disease. Foliar spray and soil drench treatments of Nemafree and OA were effective in the management of M. incognita in tomato plant in-pot experiments. When Nemafree and OA were applied 4 days before inoculation of M. incognita eggs, the treatments of Nemafree (4,000-fold dilution) and OA (0.22 mM) reduced root gall formation by more than 50%. The soil drench treatment also effectively suppressed RKN disease in field experiments. Moreover, the treatments of Nemafree and OA enhanced the transcriptional expression of pathogenesis-related 1 gene, plant proteinase inhibitor-II, and polyphenol oxidase genes and improved the production of total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin in the tomato plants infected with M. incognita. These results demonstrate that RKN diseases can be effectively controlled by induced resistance even at low concentrations of Nemafree or OA. Accordingly, our study provides evidence for more economical and efficient application strategies of microbial nematicides that control RKNs under field conditions.
Preparation And Characterization of Sodium Alginate/Acrylic Acid Composite Hydrogels Conjugated To Silver Nanoparticles As An Antibiotic Delivery System
Authors: Mohamadinia Parvaneh , Anarjan Navideh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels are specific groups of polymers that are highly swellable in aqueous solutions, despite their water-in-soluble structures. Thus, they are promising drug delivery systems attributable to their unique characteristics such as high hydrophilicity, high controllability, facile production routines and, good biocompatibility. The aim of this research was the preparation of sodium alginate/acrylic acid composite hydrogels conjugated to silver nanoparticles to deliver the cephalexin as a model antibiotic compound. The reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles as well as the stabilization of created nanoparticles ensued simultaneously with hydrogel backbone formulation during microwave irradiation and monomer cross-linking processes. The impact of acrylic acid and silver ions concentrations and also the radiation time of microwave were then investigated on the main characteristics of hydrogels, namely, swelling ratio, gel fraction, cephalexin load and, antibacterial activity. The results indicated that the hydrogels’ characteristics could be significantly predicted by studied all independent parameters, through various second-order polynomial models. The multiple optimization analysis suggested that the prepared hydrogels using 7.8 g acrylic acid and 1.5 g silver nitrate and 1 min microwave radiation could give the best hydrogels with the highest swelling degree, gel fraction, cephalexin absorption and, antibacterial activity. The morphology and either absorption or release kinetics of cephalexin by/from the optimum prepared hydrogels were also investigated. No significant differences between the experimental and predicted data was confirmed the suitability of the suggested models.
STAT6 attenuated murine acute lung injury through NLRP3/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling in macrophages
Authors: Hu Lu , Shao Changzhou , Pan Linyue , Jiang Zhilong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is an intracellular transcription factor, it remained unclear whether STAT6 affects murine acute lung injury (ALI) through modulation of macrophage subtypes and NLRP3/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling. We in this study, intratracheal treated wild-type (WT) and STAT6-/- mice with 5 mg/kg LPS. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected 2 days after the treatment. The results showed that lack of STAT6 in STAT6-/- mice caused more severe lung inflammation, neutrophil influx, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the inflamed lung tissues. Flow cytometry analysis showed Siglec F-CD206- biased polarization of M1 subtype macrophages in the LPS-treated STAT6-/- mice. In addition, lack of STAT6 increased the expression of NLRP3, p-p38 M APK, TNF-α, IL-1β and Calreticulin in the lung tissues of LPS-treated mice and STAT6-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). However, Glibenclamide, PDTC and SB203580 effectively reversed the up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in STAT6-/- BMDMs. Thereby, STAT6 defciency increased ALI severity, possibly through increasing polarization of M1 subtype macrophages and NLRP3/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling. NLRP3/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling may particiupate in the polarizatin of M1 subtype macrophages. Modulation of macrophages subtypes by molecular intervention of STAT6 signaling would be a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of ALI.
Effect of The Enzyme Charge On The Production And Morphological Characteristics of Cellulose Nanofibrils
Authors: Henríquez-Gallegos Sergio , Albornoz-Palma Gregory , Andrade Andrea , Soto Carolina , Pereira Miguel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of cellulase enzymes on the degree of polymerization of cellulose and the mechanical fibrillation process has been widely reported. However, the available information does not allow to establish specific relationships between the applied enzymatic-mechanical treatment, the degree of polymerization, and the characteristics of the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced. This work aims to establish specific relationships between the intensity of enzymatic treatment, the degree of polymerization of the cellulose, the morphology of CNFs, and the tensile strength of the films. It was determined that the decrease in the degree of polymerization plays an important role in the fibrillation processes of the cell wall to produce CNFs and that there is a linear relationship between the degree of polymerization and the length of CNFs, which is independent of the type of enzyme, enzyme charge, and intensity of the applied mechanical treatment. In addition, it was determined that the percentage of decrease in the degree of polymerization of CNFs due to mechanical treatment is irrespective of the applied enzyme charge. Else ways, it was shown that the aspect ratio is a good indicator of the efficiency of the fibrillation process, and the degree of polymerization in not. Finally, it was shown that the resistance of CNF films is positively related to the degree of polymerization up to a maximum value which corresponds to the maximum of the aspect ratio.