bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing perceived function in the upper limb prosthesis user population
Authors: Zhang Xuyuan , Baun Kerstin S. , Trent Lauren , Miguelez John M. , Kontson Kimberly L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) can be used to evaluate perceived capacity of an individual in executing tasks in a natural environment with their prosthetic device. According to the World Health Organization International Classification of Health, Functioning, and Disability (ICF) models, there may be specific factors of a person, factors of assistive prosthetic technology, or factors related to the health condition or body function that affect their functioning and disability. However, an understanding of factors affecting an upper limb prosthesis user's perception of their ability to execute tasks in a natural environment is not well established.ObjectiveTo use the ICF model to identify which health condition‐related, body function, environmental, and personal factors influence activity as measured by perceived function in the upper limb prosthesis user population.DesignQuantitative clinical descriptive study.SettingClinical offices within outpatient private practice (removed for blinding).ParticipantsA sample of 101 participants with upper limb amputation who use a prosthetic device and were undergoing a prosthesis fitting process.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPROs on pain with/without a prosthesis, satisfaction, and perceived function derived from the Comprehensive Arm Prosthesis and Rehabilitation Outcomes Questionnaire.ResultsModel coefficients indicate that with a unit increase in satisfaction (p < .001) and pain (p = .031) scores (with higher pain scores signifying less pain), the mean of perceived function increases by 0.66 and 0.47 units, respectively. Conversely, for individuals with elbow disarticulation, transhumeral, shoulder disarticulation, and interscapulothoracic amputations, the mean of perceived function decreases by 22.02 units (p = .006).ConclusionsBased on our sample, perceived function is significantly associated with satisfaction, pain, and amputation level. These findings could potentially help to inform initial clinical approach and targeted outcomes for patients based on these factors.
Lab‐on‐a‐Contact Lens Platforms Fabricated by Multi‐Axis Femtosecond Laser Ablation
Authors: Moreddu Rosalia , Nasrollahi Vahid , Kassanos Panagiotis , Dimov Stefan , Vigolo Daniele , Yetisen Ali K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContact lens sensing platforms have drawn interest in the last decade for the possibility of providing a sterile, fully integrated ocular screening technology. However, designing scalable and rapid contact lens processing methods while keeping a high resolution is still an unsolved challenge. In this article, femtosecond laser writing is employed as a rapid and precise procedure to engrave microfluidic networks into commercial contact lenses. Functional microfluidic components such as flow valves, resistors, multi‐inlet geometries, and splitters are produced using a bespoke seven‐axis femtosecond laser system, yielding a resolution of 80 µm. The ablation process and the tear flow within microfluidic structures is evaluated both experimentally and computationally using finite element modeling. Flow velocity drops of the 8.3%, 20.8%, and 29% were observed in valves with enlargements of the 100%, 200%, and 300%, respectively. Resistors yielded flow rate drops of 20.8%, 33%, and 50% in the small, medium, and large configurations, respectively. Two applications were introduced, namely a tear volume sensor and a tear uric acid sensor (sensitivity 16 mg L−1), which are both painless alternatives to current methods and provide reduced contamination risks of tear samples.
The Hydrogen‐Storage Challenge: Nanoparticles for Metal‐Catalyzed Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Mboyi Clève D. , Poinsot Didier , Roger Julien , Fajerwerg Katia , Kahn Myrtil L. , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDihydrogen is one of the sustainable energy vectors envisioned for the future. However, the rapidly reversible and secure storage of large quantities of hydrogen is still a technological and scientific challenge. In this context, this review proposes a recent state‐of‐the‐art on H2 production capacities from the dehydrogenation reaction of ammonia borane (and selected related amine‐boranes) as a safer solid source of H2 by hydrolysis (or solvolysis), catalyzed by nanoparticle‐based systems. The review groups the results according to the transition metals constituting the catalyst with a mention to their current cost and availability. This includes the noble metals Rh, Pd, Pt, Ru, Ag, as well as cheaper Co, Ni, Cu, and Fe. For each element, the monometallic and polymetallic structures are presented and the performances are described in terms of turnover frequency and recyclability. The structure–property links are highlighted whenever possible. It appears from all these works that the mastery of the preparation of catalysts remains a crucial point both in terms of process, and control and understanding of the electronic structures of the elaborated nanomaterials. A particular effort of the scientific community remains to be made in this multidisciplinary field with major societal stakes.
Smart design of high‐performance surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrates
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Qiu Lin , Xi Guangcheng , Wang Xiaotian , Guo Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has renowned its fame for the ultra‐high sensitivity and single‐molecule detection ability, and listed as a fingerprint spectrum representative in various trace detection fields. Considerable efforts have been made by researchers to design high‐sensitive SERS‐active substrates ranging from noble metals to semiconductors. This review summarizes the fundamental theories for SERS technique, that is, the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism and chemical enhancement mechanism and the state‐of‐the‐art design strategies for noble metal and semiconductor substrates. It also sheds light on the effective approaches to improve the SERS activity for noble metal substrates, that is, tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance position, the assembling of hot spots, and precise controlling of nanogaps. Although charge transfer is considered as the main reason for the enhancement mechanism for semiconductors at the present stage, the underlying theoretical basis remains mysterious. This review summarized the critical points for SERS‐active substrates design and prospected the future development direction of SERS technology.
Regulation of the Tpo, Tg, Duox2, Pds, and Mct8 genes involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones after subchronic exposure to sodium nitrate in female Wistar rats
Authors: Ríos‐Sánchez Efraín , González‐Zamora Alberto , Gonsebatt Bonaparte María Eugenia , Meza Mata Elizabeth , González‐Delgado María Fernanda , Zámago Amaro Alejandra , Pérez‐Morales Rebeca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNitrates are natural compounds present in soil and water; however, the intense use of fertilizers has increased their presence in groundwater with deleterious effects on human health. There is evidence of nitrates acting as endocrine disruptors; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully described. Here, we investigated the effect of subchronic exposure to different concentrations of sodium nitrate in female Wistar rats, evaluating thyroid hormonal parameters, such as Nis transporter (Na+/I− symporter, Slc5a5) and Tsh‐R receptor protein expression, as well as transcription of the Tpo (thyroperoxidase), Tg (tiroglobulin), Duox2 (dual oxidase 2), Pds (pendrin), and Mct8 (Mct8 transporter, Slc16a2) genes. Hematological and histochemical changes in the liver and thyroid were also explored. Significant differences were found in platelet and leukocyte counts; although a significant increase in the weight of the thyroid gland was observed, no differences were found in the levels of the hormones Tsh, T3, and T4, but a modulation of the mRNA expression of the Tg, Tpo, Duox2, Mct8, and Pds genes was observed. Morphological changes were also found in liver and thyroid tissue according to the exposure doses. In conclusion, subchronic exposure to sodium nitrate induces leukocytosis consistent with an inflammatory response and upregulation of Sod2 in the liver and increases the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, keeping thyroid hormone levels stable. Histological changes in the thyroid gland suggest a goitrogenic effect.
Verortung der Analyse in der Serienhistorie: Binging Conservatism
Authors: Kelsch Jakob 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 10.1007/978-3-658-34766-6_4. werden die Ergebnisse in den historischen Darstellungsverlauf der Familie (vgl. Kapitel 10.1007/978-3-658-34766-6_2) eingeordnet: Allgemein treibt die Video-on-Demand-Serie bestimmte Entwicklungen voran, insbesondere auf der Ebene der Strukturierung der Handlung und der Diversifizierung des Angebots. Diese Entwicklungen haben dabei ihren Ursprung bereits vor der Zeit der Streaming-Anbieter und werden von diesen fortgeführt und verstärkt. Inhaltlich, in Bezug auf die Familiendarstellung der analysierten Serien, handelt es sich aber um weitgehend konservative Darstellungsformen oder zumindest um solche, die sich nicht dadurch auszeichnen, progressive Modelle voranzutreiben: Als Ideal der Familie wird weiterhin der Mythos der patriarchalen, heteronormativen Kernfamilie perpetuiert. Die auf den ersten Blick andersartigen und potenziell Veränderung bringenden Elemente, beispielsweise nicht heteronormative Lebensformen, werden in dem Sinne in den Kern der Semiosphäre „Familiendarstellung in Serie“ integriert, dass sie den dort geltenden Strukturen, Normen und Werten angepasst werden und diese – trotz der eigentlichen Widersprüchlichkeit – noch bekräftigen.
General Introduction
Authors: Müller Birgit Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungWithin the field of capital market research, two diametrically opposed conceptions continue to be prevailing: The efficient market hypothesis by Fama (1970) on the one hand and the behavioral finance approach by Shiller (2003) on the other hand. According to Fama (1970), capital markets are efficient in a sense that current prices of securities incorporate all information available up to that point in time. Consequently, following Fama’s reasoning, there exist no possibilities to gain riskless profits by exploiting mispricings (so-called arbitrage) (Fama, 1970). Shiller (2003), in contrast, puts forward the claim that markets tend to behave irrationally, implying that there indeed exist possibilities to exploit mispricings.
Cross-Country Composite Momentum
Authors: Müller Birgit Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungMedium-term price continuation, commonly defined as momentum, is a widespread phenomenon in financial markets. It exists for individual stocks (Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993), for industry sectors (Moskowitz and Grinblatt, 1999), for style portfolios (Lewellen, 2002), in international equity markets (Rouwenhorst, 1998; Chui et al., 2010), and across asset classes (Bhojraj and Swaminathan, 2006; Menkhoff et al., 2012; Asness et al., 2013). Momentum also appears to be persistent over time, at least outside the U.S. stock market (Jegadeesh and Titman, 2001; McLean and Pontif, 2016; Green et al., 2017; Jacobs and Müller, 2020).
Robotic Assistance System for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Needle Placement
Authors: Kostrzewa Michael , Rothfuss Andreas , Pätz Torben , Kühne Markus , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Diehl Steffen J. , Stallkamp Jan , Rathmann Nils 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate a new robotic assistance system (RAS) for needle placement in combination with a multi-axis C-arm angiography system for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a phantom setting.

Materials and Methods
The RAS consisted of a tool holder, dedicated planning software, and a mobile platform with a lightweight robotic arm to enable image-guided needle placement in conjunction with CBCT imaging. A CBCT scan of the phantom was performed to calibrate the robotic arm in the scan volume and to plan the different needle trajectories. The trajectory data were sent to the robot, which then positioned the tool holder along the trajectory. A 19G needle was then manually inserted into the phantom. During the control CBCT scan, the exact needle position was evaluated and any possible deviation from the target lesion measured.

Results
In total, 16 needle insertions targeting eight in- and out-of-plane sites were performed. Mean angular deviation from planned trajectory to actual needle trajectory was 1.12°. Mean deviation from target point and actual needle tip position was 2.74 mm, and mean deviation depth from the target lesion to the actual needle tip position was 2.14 mm. Mean time for needle placement was 361 s. Only differences in time required for needle placement between in- and out-of-plane trajectories (337 s vs. 380 s) were statistically significant (p = 0.0214).

Conclusion
Using this RAS for image-guided percutaneous needle placement with CBCT was precise and efficient in the phantom setting.
Modelling the effects of forest management intensification on base cation concentrations in soil water and on tree growth in spruce forests in Sweden
Authors: Zanchi Giuliana , Lucander Klas , Kronnäs Veronika , Lampa Martin Erlandsson , Akselsson Cecilia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of forest residue extraction on tree growth and base cations concentrations in soil water under different climatic conditions in Sweden. For this purpose, the dynamic model ForSAFE was used to compare the effects of whole-tree harvesting and stem harvesting on tree biomass and the soil solution over time at 6 different forest sites. The study confirmed the results from experimental sites showing a temporary reduction of base cation concentration in the soil solution for a period of 20–30 years after whole-tree harvesting. The model showed that this was mainly caused by the reduced inputs of organic material after residue extraction and thereby reduced nutrient mineralisation in the soil. The model results also showed that whole-tree harvesting can affect tree growth at nitrogen-poor forest sites, such as the ones in northern Sweden, due to the decrease of nitrogen availability after residue removal. Possible ways of reducing this impact could be to compensate the losses with fertilisation or extract residue without foliage in areas of Sweden with low nitrogen deposition. The study highlighted the need to better understand the medium- and long-term effects of whole-tree harvesting on tree growth, since the results suggested that reduced tree growth after whole-tree harvesting could be only temporary. However, these results do not account for prolonged extraction of forest residues that could progressively deplete nutrient pools and lead to permanent effects on tree growth.
Understanding international non-state and subnational actors for biodiversity and their possible contributions to the post-2020 CBD global biodiversity framework: insights from six international cooperative initiatives
Authors: Kok Marcel T. J. , Ludwig Kathrin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile multilateral approaches and national policies have been unable to halt the unprecedented loss of biodiversity, responses from non-state and subnational initiatives are increasing. The successful implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF), to be agreed upon under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), ultimately depends on commitments and action by state and non-state actors, including subnational actors. However, non-state and subnational actors have so far received little attention in academic analysis of global biodiversity governance. In order to better understand and harness the potential of non-state and subnational involvement, this paper addresses the ways in which non-state initiatives contribute to global biodiversity governance and how productive linkages can be built between state and non-state actors in the post-2020 GBF. This paper applies an explorative case study approach and analyses six international cooperative initiatives (ICIs) that highlight novel approaches in international biodiversity governance. We analyse the qualities of ICIs for biodiversity governance in terms of strengths and potential, the governance functions that they fulfil, and how they are engaging with the CBD and the post-2020 GBF. Based on this analysis, we discuss challenges and opportunities related to non-state and subnational actors involvement in global biodiversity governance and identify possible steps forward. We emphasise the importance of a collaborative framework for non-state action within the CBD that builds on existing and emerging activities of non-state actors, organises monitoring and review as part of an accountability framework of state and non-state actors, and provides for learning, capacity building and follow-up action.
Making design decisions under uncertainties: probabilistic reasoning and robust product design
Authors: Gembarski Paul Christoph , Plappert Stefan , Lachmayer Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaking design decisions is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, especially in the early phase of the product development process, when little information is known, while the decisions made have an impact on the entire product life cycle. Therefore, the goal of complexity management is to reduce uncertainty in order to minimize or avoid the need for design changes in a late phase of product development or in the use phase. With our approach we model the uncertainties with probabilistic reasoning in a Bayesian decision network explicitly, as the uncertainties are directly attached to parts of the design artifact′s model. By modeling the incomplete information expressed by unobserved variables in the Bayesian network in terms of probabilities, as well as the variation of product properties or parameters, a conclusion about the robustness of the product can be made. The application example of a rotary valve from engineering design shows that the decision network can support the engineer in decision-making under uncertainty. Furthermore, a contribution to knowledge formalization in the development project is made.
Performance of microvascular anastomosis with a new robotic visualization system: proof of concept
Authors: Boehm F. , Schuler P. J. , Riepl R. , Schild L. , Hoffmann T. K. , Greve J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrovascular procedures require visual magnification of the surgical field, e.g. by a microscope. This can be accompanied by an unergonomic posture with musculoskeletal pain or long-term degenerative changes as the eye is bound to the ocular throughout the whole procedure. The presented study describes the advantages and drawbacks of a 3D exoscope camera system. The RoboticScope®-system (BHS Technologies®, Innsbruck, Austria) features a high-resolution 3D-camera that is placed over the surgical field and a head-mounted-display (HMD) that the camera pictures are transferred to. A motion sensor in the HMD allows for hands-free change of the exoscope position via head movements. For general evaluation of the system functions coronary artery anastomoses of ex-vivo pig hearts were performed. Second, the system was evaluated for anastomosis of a radial-forearm-free-flap in a clinical setting/in vivo. The system positioning was possible entirely hands-free using head movements. Camera control was intuitive; visualization of the operation site was adequate and independent from head or body position. Besides technical instructions of the providing company, there was no special surgical training of the surgeons or involved staff upfront performing the procedures necessary. An ergonomic assessment questionnaire showed a favorable ergonomic position in comparison to surgery with a microscope. The outcome of the operated patient was good. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The exoscope facilitates a change of head and body position without losing focus of the operation site and an ergonomic working position. Repeated applications have to clarify if the system benefits in clinical routine.
Preventive service utilization among low-income cancer survivors
Authors: Blackburn Brenna E. , Marino Miguel , Schmidt Teresa , Heintzman John , Hatch Brigit , DeVoe Jennifer , Moreno Laura , Huguet Nathalie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adequate access to and utilization of preventive services are vital among cancer survivors. This study examined preventive service utilization of cancer survivors compared to matched patients with no history of cancer among patients seeking care at community health centers (CHCs).

Methods
We utilized electronic health record data from the OCHIN network between 2014 and 2017. Cancer survivors (N = 20,538) ages ≥ 18 years were propensity score matched to three individuals with no history of cancer (N = 61,617) by age, sex, region, urban/rural, ethnicity, race, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Preventive screenings included cancer, mental health and substance abuse, cardiovascular, and infectious disease screenings, and vaccinations. Patient-level preventive service indices were calculated for each screening as the total person-time covered divided by the total person-time eligible. Preventive service rate ratios comparing cancer survivors to patients with no history of cancer were estimated using negative binomial regression.

Results
Cancer survivors had higher overall preventive service utilization (incidence rate ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.13) and higher rates of cancer screenings (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.20). There was no difference between the two groups in mental health screenings.

Conclusions
Cancer survivors were more likely to be up-to-date with preventive care than their matched counterparts. However, mental health and substance abuse screenings were low in both groups, despite reports of increased mental health conditions among cancer survivors.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
With the growing number of cancer survivors in the USA, efforts are needed to ensure their access to and utilization of preventive services, especially related to behavioral and mental healthcare.
INTERASPIRE: an International Survey of Coronary Patients; Their Cardiometabolic, Renal and Biomarker Status; and the Quality of Preventive Care Delivered in All WHO Regions
Authors: McEvoy John William , Jennings Catriona , Kotseva Kornelia , De Backer Guy , De Bacquer Dirk , Erlund Iris , Lip Gregory Y H , Ray Kausik K , Rydén Lars , Adamska Agnieszka , Wood David A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To describe the INTERASPIRE scientific protocol—an international survey of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Recent Findings
This international survey is being conducted through National Societies of Cardiology in selected countries from each of the six WHO regions and has the following overall aims: (i) describe prevalence of cardiometabolic and renal risk factors together with biomarkers in CHD patients; (ii) describe current risk factor management through lifestyle changes and cardioprotective drug therapies; (iii) provide an objective assessment of clinical implementation of preventive care by comparison with the lifestyle and risk factor targets defined in international and national guidelines; (iv) investigate the reasons for variation in preventive cardiology practice between regions and countries; and (v) promote the principles of best preventive cardiology practice.

Summary
This international survey will provide a unique picture of CHD patients; their cardiometabolic, renal and biomarker status; lifestyle and therapeutic management; and the quality of preventive care provided in all WHO regions.