bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some socially poor but also some socially rich adolescents feel closer to their friends after using social media
Authors: Pouwels J. Loes , Valkenburg Patti M. , Beyens Ine , van Driel Irene I. , Keijsers Loes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWho benefits most from using social media is an important societal question that is centered around two opposing hypotheses: the rich-get-richer versus the poor-get-richer hypothesis. This study investigated the assumption that both hypotheses may be true, but only for some socially rich and some socially poor adolescents and across different time intervals. We employed a state-of-the-art measurement burst design, consisting of a three-week experience sampling study and seven biweekly follow-up surveys. Person-specific analyses of more than 70,000 observations from 383 adolescents revealed that 12% of the socially rich adolescents (high in friendship support or low in loneliness) felt closer to their friends after using social media, as opposed to about 25% of the socially poor adolescents (low in friendship support or high in loneliness). However, only 1 to 6% of all adolescents (socially rich and poor) felt closer both in the short- and longer-term. These results indicate that the rich-get-richer and the poor-get-richer hypotheses can hold both, but for different adolescents.
TGF-β regulation of the uPA/uPAR axis modulates mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT)
Authors: Logan Ranisha , Jeffers Ann , Qin Wenyi , Owens Shuzi , Chauhan Prashant , Komatsu Satoshi , Ikebe Mitsuo , Idell Steven , Tucker Torry A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPleural fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease which affects approximately 30,000 people per year in the United States. Injury and sustained inflammation of the pleural space can result in PF, restricting lung expansion and impairing oxygen exchange. During the progression of pleural injury, normal pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) undergo a transition, termed mesothelial mesenchymal transition (MesoMT). While multiple components of the fibrinolytic pathway have been investigated in pleural remodeling and PF, the role of the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is unknown. We found that uPAR is robustly expressed by pleural mesothelial cells in PF. Downregulation of uPAR by siRNA blocked TGF-β mediated MesoMT. TGF-β was also found to significantly induce uPA expression in PMCs undergoing MesoMT. Like uPAR, uPA downregulation blocked TGF-β mediated MesoMT. Further, uPAR is critical for uPA mediated MesoMT. LRP1 downregulation likewise blunted TGF-β mediated MesoMT. These findings are consistent with in vivo analyses, which showed that uPAR knockout mice were protected from S. pneumoniae-mediated decrements in lung function and restriction. Histological assessments of pleural fibrosis including pleural thickening and α-SMA expression were likewise reduced in uPAR knockout mice compared to WT mice. These studies strongly support the concept that uPAR targeting strategies could be beneficial for the treatment of PF.
West African monsoon precipitation impacted by the South Eastern Atlantic biomass burning aerosol outflow
Authors: Solmon F. , Elguindi N. , Mallet M. , Flamant C. , Formenti P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe West African Monsoon (WAM) is a complex system depending on global climate influences and multiple regional environmental factors. Central and Southern African biomass-burning (SABB) aerosols have been shown to perturb WAM during episodic northward inter-hemispheric transport events, but a possible dynamical connection between the core of the SABB aerosol outflow and the WAM system remains unexplored. Through regional climate modeling experiments, we show that SABB aerosols can indeed impact WAM dynamics via two competitive regional scale and inter-hemispheric dynamical feedbacks originating from (i) enhanced diabatic heating occurring in the Southeastern Atlantic low-cloud deck region, and (ii) aerosol and cloud-induced sea surface temperature cooling. These mechanisms, related to aerosol direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects, are shown to have different seasonal timings, resulting in a reduction of June to September WAM precipitation, while possibly enhancing late-season rainfall in WAM coastal areas.
Uncovering the missing piece of unsaturated two-dimensional phosphorus: a theoretical approach
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Fengcai , Chen Guobo , Xia Shuwei , Qiu Meng , Yu Liangmin 
Published: October 2021

Hyperconjugation-stabilized phosphorus counterparts of graphyne, phosphoryne, with both sp2 (red) and sp3 (blue) P atoms, could be applied as potential photoelectronic nanodevice building blocks and high efficiency photo- and electro-catalysts.
Considerations for Addressing the Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Speech-Language Pathology Praxis Test Takers
Authors: Medina Angela M. , Alfano Alliete R. , Moore Stefanie 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this article is to explore the speech-language pathology (SLP) Praxis test, a barrier to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) individuals entering the profession, by investigating first-time pass rates and mean scores by test taker race/ethnicity. Other potential barriers to licensure and certification, as well as solutions for mitigating these barriers, will also be addressed.

Method:
SLP Praxis test data from two windows of time, 2008–2011 and 2014–2020, were compared for the following: (a) proportions of test taker race/ethnicity relative to U.S. demographic estimates of racial/ethnic group proportions overall, (b) proportions of racial/ethnic groups, and (c) trends in test-taker mean scores by race/ethnicity. First-attempt pass rates by racial/ethnic groups were also calculated for the 2014–2020 testing window.

Results:
The percentage of some CLD SLP Praxis test-taker groups increased since the 2008–2011 testing window but is still not representative of U.S. racial/ethnic demographics. The first-attempt pass rates and overall mean scores of CLD test-taker groups remained substantially lower than White non–Hispanic/Latinx test takers.

Conclusions:
Despite the encouraging trends in SLP Praxis test-taker racial/ethnic diversity, disparities persist between the racial/ethnic makeup of SLP Praxis test takers and the demographic makeup of the United States. Consequently, these disparities have implications for the continued lack of cultural representativeness seen in our workforce.
Characterizing Anarthria to Facilitate Neurological Diagnosis: A Case Illustration
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Clark Heather M. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to illustrate how speech-language pathologist (SLP) characterization of anarthria can contribute to neurological diagnosis and to highlight the challenges associated with such an endeavor.

Method:
Used in this study are a retrospective chart review and clinicians' experience-based reflections.

Results:
A 65-year-old man, who, in the context of a neurodegenerative disease, presented with near-complete-loss of speech, was referred by neurologists to SLPs for further characterization of his speech difficulty. Assessment of his limited speech output revealed anarthria with mixed features (spastic and hypokinetic) with superimposed apraxia of speech.

Conclusions:
SLP characterization of anarthria to facilitate neurological diagnosis is challenging but possible. Clinical lessons learned from this unusual scenario are discussed.
Executive Function, Metacognition, and Language: Promoting Student Success With Explicit Strategy Instruction
Authors: Meltzer Lynn , Greschler Michael Aaron , Davis Kim , Vanderberg Caitlin 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this clinical focus article was to discuss the important relationship between executive function and language skills and to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with strategies for promoting student success.Background and Method:The impact of executive function processes on language and literacy begins in the preschool years and becomes increasingly important from third grade onward. These executive function processes play a more dominant role when tasks require students to integrate and synthesize multiple linguistic and other subskills in order to read and comprehend, write, complete projects, and study for quizzes and tests. In this clinical focus article, we provide a brief overview of research-based executive function strategies that are beneficial for all learners and are essential for students with language weaknesses as well as learning and attention difficulties. We focus on the key executive function processes that are the foundation of academic performance, namely, goal setting, organizing and prioritizing, thinking and problem-solving flexibly, accessing information in working memory, and self-monitoring. We discuss a theoretical framework for understanding and promoting metacognition and executive function as part of assessment and treatment plans for SLPs. Finally, we address the importance of executive function strategies for improving students' effort, academic performance, and resilience.Conclusion:SLPs can promote student success by offering structured and systematic approaches to teaching executive function strategies.
Assessment and Management of Misophonia in a Female Adolescent: A Case Study
Authors: Grayless Brittany 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Misophonia is a condition in which individuals experience negative reactions, including anger and disgust, to specific sounds in their environment. Individuals with misophonia often report feelings of anxiety and a reduced quality of life. While there is no cure for misophonia, there are management protocols supported by case studies in the literature, including tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) and Misophonia Management Protocol (MMP), along with coping strategies. The purpose of this case study is to contribute to the field of clinical research on patients with misophonia.

Method:
Case studies involving misophonia are limited, and further research in this area is needed to provide evidence-based treatment. This case details misophonia questionnaires and assessment, case formulation, and management of misophonia in an 11-year-old girl, using a variation of both the TRT and MMP, including ear-level sound generators and coping strategies.

Conclusions:
This case serves as a contribution to the evidence base for the use of sound therapy and coping strategies in the treatment and management of misophonia, as well as tools that are available in diagnosing misophonia. Clinical implications reveal sound therapy and coping strategies as a means to manage misophonia symptoms. Further research is needed for large-scale data to be available.
Präoperative Medikation: aktuelle Herausforderungen in der Pharmakotherapie
Authors: Just Katja S. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Analyse der präoperativen Medikation dient der Nutzen-Risiko-Abschätzung, ob die Dauermedikation perioperativ weitergegeben oder abgesetzt werden soll – die Risikobeurteilung sorgt aber oft für Unsicherheit. Typische Herausforderungen sind medikamentöse Unter- und Überversorgung, unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen und -interaktionen sowie individuelle Besonderheiten, die zu verlängerter Wirkdauer und erhöhter Dosisexposition führen können.
Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy: Are there Predictors for Failure of Oral Appliance Treatment?
Authors: Veugen Christianne C. A. F. M. , Sanders Rineke M. C. , Stokroos Robert J. , Copper Marcel P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction In the literature, evidence is lacking on the predictive value of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for oral appliance treatment (OAT).
Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether DISE with concomitant mandibular advancement maneuver can predict failure of OAT.
Methods An observational retrospective study including patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who previously received OAT. Results of DISE were analyzed in a group with documented OAT failure (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 10 events/hour or < 50% reduction) and a group with OAT benefit (AHI <10 events/hour or > 50% reduction). The upper airway was assessed using the velum, oropharynx, tongue base, epiglottis (VOTE) classification. Additionally, a mandibular advancement maneuver, manually protruding the mandible by performing a jaw thrust, was performed to mimic the effect of OAT.
Results The present study included 50 patients with OAT failure and 20 patients with OAT benefit. A subgroup analysis of patients with OAT failure and an AHI < 30 events/hour included 26 patients. In the OAT failure group, 74% had a negative jaw thrust maneuver. In the subgroup with an AHI < 30 events/hour, 76.9% had a negative jaw thrust maneuver. In the OAT benefit group, 25% had a negative jaw thrust maneuver (p < 0.001).
Conclusions A negative jaw thrust maneuver during DISE can be a valuable predictor for OAT failure, independent of AHI. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy should be considered as a diagnostic evaluation tool before starting OAT.
Life’s continuation: repro-tech, biogenetic affinity, and racial capitalism
Authors: Ehlers Nadine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the affinity ties of biological and familial whiteness in ART as evident in the 2014 Illinois Northern District Court case ofCramblett v. Midwest Sperm Bank—where a white mother filed a wrongful birth suit and sought legal compensation for theloss of perceived genetic similarityand giving birth to a ‘black’ child via donor insemination. Applying critical legal and critical race studies to the case and engaging its surrounding media, the paper considers whatCramblettcan tell us aboutloss—as it is related to notions of value and property within an overarching system of racial capitalism. This paper considers how race, value, and property inter-articulated inCramblettthrough notions of biogenetic relations and familial whiteness within the organization of family; how these ideas travel through toinvestments in life—and its continuation—as a form of racial property(for some); and what this case can tell us about broader operations of structural racism and the role of biomedicine (and law) within these operations. Ultimately, the paper shows that biogenetic affinity in ARTs condition life’s continuation in ways that resecure the disparities of racial capitalism.
Evaluation and spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric environment efficiency in Shandong province based on super-SBM model
Authors: Huang Xiaobing , Liu Min , Chen Rundong , Gao Shiqi , Xie Qianqian , Feng Qingling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using the data of input, output, and air pollutants from 17 cities in Shandong Province and employing the super-SBM model, the atmospheric environmental efficiency (AEE) of 17 cities in Shandong from 2008 to 2018 was calculated. Additionally, the spatial-temporal differences are analyzed by using the GML index and Theil index. The results show that the overall efficiency of the atmospheric environment in Shandong was relatively high (AEE = 0.827). The northwest region had the highest efficiency, while the southern region was the lowest. The improvement of the environmental efficiency was mainly contributed by technical progress, rather than efficiency promotion (TC < 1). The spatial difference in the efficiency showed an increasing trend, which can be mostly explained by the inter-group difference whose average contribution is 82.39%. Economic development, technological innovation, and population density had positive effects on the environmental efficiency. While, the effects of industrial structure and opening-up were negative.
Analytical evidence of nonlinearity in qubits and continuous-variable quantum reservoir computing
Authors: Mujal Pere , Nokkala Johannes , Martínez-Peña Rodrigo , Giorgi Gian Luca , Soriano Miguel C , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The natural dynamics of complex networks can be harnessed for information processing purposes. A paradigmatic example are artificial neural networks used for machine learning. In this context, quantum reservoir computing (QRC) constitutes a natural extension of the use of classical recurrent neural networks using quantum resources for temporal information processing. Here, we explore the fundamental properties of QRC systems based on qubits and continuous variables. We provide analytical results that illustrate how nonlinearity enters the input–output map in these QRC implementations. We find that the input encoding through state initialization can serve to control the type of nonlinearity as well as the dependence on the history of the input sequences to be processed.
A first-order Fourier integrator for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on 𝕋 without loss of regularity
Authors: Wu Yifei , Yao Fangyan 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a first-order Fourier integrator for solving the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension. The scheme is explicit and can be implemented using the fast Fourier transform. By a rigorous analysis, we prove that the new scheme provides the first-order accuracy in

H
γ

H^\gamma

for any initial data belonging to

H
γ

H^\gamma

, for any

γ
>

3
2

\gamma >\frac 32

. That is, up to some fixed time

T
T

, there exists some constant

C
=
C
(
‖
u

‖

L
∞

(
[
0
,
T
]
;

H

γ

)

)
>
0

C=C(\|u\|_{L^\infty ([0,T]; H^{\gamma })})>0

, such that

‖

u
n

−
u
(

t
n

)

‖

H
γ

(

T

)

≤
C
τ
,

\begin{equation*} \|u^n-u(t_n)\|_{H^\gamma (\mathbb {T})}\le C \tau , \end{equation*}

where

u
n

u^n

denotes the numerical solution at

t
n

=
n
τ

t_n=n\tau

. Moreover, the mass of the numerical solution

M
(

u
n

)

M(u^n)

verifies

|
M
(

u
n

)
−
M
(

u
0

)
|

≤
C

τ
5

.

\begin{equation*} \left |M(u^n)-M(u_0)\right |\le C\tau ^5. \end{equation*}

In particular, our scheme does not cost any additional derivative for the first-order convergence and the numerical solution obeys the almost mass conservation law. Furthermore, if

u
0

∈

H
1

(

T

)

u_0\in H^1(\mathbb {T})

, we rigorously prove that

‖

u
n

−
u
(

t
n

)

‖

H
1

(

T

)

≤
C

τ

1
2

−

,

\begin{equation*} \|u^n-u(t_n)\|_{H^1(\mathbb {T})}\le C\tau ^{\frac 12-}, \end{equation*}

where

C
=
C
(
‖

u
0

‖

H
1

(

T

)

)
>
0

C= C(\|u_0\|_{H^1(\mathbb {T})})>0

.
World of empires
Authors: Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘World of empires’ examines the emergence of America—both as an idea and as a lived reality—from the sixteenth through early eighteenth centuries. The discovery of America had dramatic intellectual consequences not only for those explorers and settlers who traveled to the New World, but also for European thought more broadly. The transplanted Europeans were as different from each other as they were from the many tribes of indigenous people they encountered. Thus, wrestling with the diversity of people, ways of life, and worldviews became the main feature of early American thought.
Low Meningococcal Vaccination Rates Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Complement Component Deficiencies in the United States
Authors: Marshall Gary S , Ghaswalla Parinaz K , Bengtson Lindsay G S , Buikema Ami R , Bancroft Tim , Koep Eleena , Novy Patricia , Hogea Cosmina S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Meningococcal vaccination is recommended for patients with complement component deficiencies (CDs) in the United States. In this retrospective database study, only 4.6% and 2.2% of patients received MenACWY and MenB vaccination, respectively, within 3 years of CD diagnosis. Thus, meningococcal vaccination rates among patients with CDs need to be improved.
Contemporary trends in the level of evidence in general thoracic surgery clinical research
Authors: Choe Se-In , Ben-Avi Ronny , Begum Housne , Pearce Kendra , Mehta Meera , Agzarian John , Finley Christian J , Hanna Waël C , Farrokhyar Forough , Shargall Yaron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe large volume of scientific publications and the increasing emphasis on high-quality evidence for clinical decision-making present daily challenges to all clinicians, including thoracic surgeons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contemporary trend in the level of evidence (LOE) for thoracic surgery clinical research.METHODSAll clinical research articles published between January 2010 and December 2017 in 3 major general thoracic surgery journals were reviewed. Five authors independently reviewed the abstracts of each publication and assigned a LOE to each of them using the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification scheme. Data extracted from eligible abstracts included study type, study size, country of primary author and type of study designs. Three auditing processes were conducted to establish working definitions and the process was validated with a research methodologist and 2 senior thoracic surgeons. Intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater agreement. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were then used to compare the LOE between journals and by year of publication.RESULTSOf 2028 publications reviewed and scored, 29 (1.4%) were graded level I, 75 (3.7%) were graded level II, 471 (23.2%) were graded level III, 1420 (70.2%) were graded level IV and 33 (1.6%) were graded level V (lowest level). Most publications (94.9%) were of lower-level evidence (III–V). There was an overall increasing trend in the lower LOE (P &lt; 0.001). Inter-rater reliability was substantial with 95.5% (95%, confidence interval: 0.95–0.96) level of agreement between reviewers.CONCLUSIONSGeneral thoracic surgery literature consists mostly of lower LOE studies. The number of lower levels of evidence is dominating the recent publications, potentially indicating a need to increase the commitment to produce and disseminate higher-level evidence in general thoracic surgery.
Effects of Methamphetamine on Within- and Between-Network Connectivity in Healthy Adults
Authors: Malina Michael , Keedy Sarah , Weafer Jessica , Van Hedger Kathryne , de Wit Harriet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (MA) abuse remains an urgent public health problem. Understanding how the drug affects brain function will help to identify how it leads to abuse and dependence. Previous studies indicate that MA and other stimulants have complex effects on resting state functional connectivity. Here, we used a hypothesis-free approach to examine the acute effects of MA (20 mg oral) versus placebo on neural connectivity in healthy adults. Using networks identified by an independent component analysis with placebo data, we examined the effects of MA on connectivity within and between resting state networks. The drug did not significantly alter connectivity within networks. MA did alter connectivity between some networks: it increased connectivity between both the thalamus and cerebellum to sensorimotor and middle temporal gyrus. However, MA decreased connectivity between sensorimotor and middle temporal gyrus networks. MA produced its expected subjective effects, but these were not significantly related to connectivity. The findings extend our knowledge of how MA affects connectivity, by reporting that it affects between-network connectivity but not within-network connectivity. Future studies with other behavioral measures may reveal relationships between the neural and behavioral actions of the drug.