bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of spraying Nano-curcumin and Nano- glycyrrhizic acid on resistance enhancement and some growth parameters of soybean (Glycine max) in response to Tetranychus urticae infestation and drought stress
Authors: Salama Azza M. , Alakhdar Hala H. , Shoala Tahsin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2018 and 2019, on soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 90) atQaha Research Station, Plant Protection Research Institute, Qalyoupia governorate, Egypt. In order to investigate the effect of curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAS-NPs) as a foliar application under water deficit on growth, yield, anatomical and chemical parameters. The obtained results revealed that, under water deficit over seasons significantly decreased all morphological and yield characters. Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles gave the highest averages of plant height, branches and leaves number and fresh and dry weight of plant at 1 mM. Moreover, number of pods, 100 seed weight and seed yield (kg/ha) increased significantly as a result of spraying with glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles under water deficit. As to anatomical studies, water deficit decreased the values of the leaf and stem anatomical parameters. Treatment with curcumin or glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles at 50% of water holding capacity increased the thickness of mid vein and xylem and phloem tissues. Likewise, such treatment increased stem diameter due mainly to the increase in the thickness of cortex, phloem and xylem tissues compared with control.
mRNA Vaccine-Induced Antibodies More Effective than Natural Immunity in Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its High Affinity Variants
Authors: Yu Yunkai , Esposito Dominic , Kang Zhigang , Lu Jianming , Remaley Alan , Chen Leonard , De Giorgi Valeria , West Kamille , Cao Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged. Those with mutations in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding domain (RBD) are associated with increased transmission and severity. In this study, we developed both antibody quantification and functional assays. Analyses of both COVID-19 convalescent and diagnostic cohorts strongly support the use of RBD antibody levels as an excellent surrogate to biochemical neutralization activities. Data further revealed that the samples from mRNA vaccinated individuals had a median of 17 times higher RBD antibody levels and a similar degree of increased neutralization activities against RBD-ACE2 binding than those from natural infections. Our data showed that N501Y RBD had 5-fold higher ACE2 binding than the original variant. While antisera from naturally infected subjects had substantially reduced neutralization ability against N501Y RBD, all blood samples from vaccinated individuals were highly effective in neutralizing it. Thus, our data indicates that mRNA vaccination is far more effective than natural immunity in generating highly effective neutralizing antibodies. It further suggests a potential need to maintain high RBD antibody levels to control the more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors Analysis of Bronchitis Obliterans Due to Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Nomogram Prediction Model
Authors: Cheng Qi , Zhang Han , Shang Yunxiao , Zhao Yuetong , Zhang Ye , Zhuang Donglin , Cai Xuxu , Chen Ning 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEarly prediction of bronchitis obliterans (BO) is of great significance to the improvement of the long-term prognosis of children caused by refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). This study aimed to establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of BO in children due to RMPP.MethodsA retrospective observation was conducted to study the clinical data of children with RMPP (1-14 years old) during acute infection. According to whether there is BO observed in the bronchoscope, children were divided into BO and the non-BO groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to construct the nomogram model.Results141 children with RMPP were finally included, of which 65 (46.0%) children with RMPP were complicated by BO. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, WBC count, ALB level, consolidation range exceeding 2/3 of lung lobes, timing of macrolides, glucocorticoids or fiber bronchoscopy and plastic bronchitis were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of BO and were incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) value of nomogram was 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.848~0.950). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration of the nomogram (p=0.692).Conclusion: A nomogram model found by seven risk factor was successfully constructed and can use to early prediction of children with BO due to RMPP.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Different Types of Prison TB: An Epidemiological Analysis of 921 TB Cases Diagnosed at an Ethiopian Prison
Authors: Amirkhani Asmah , Humayun Maheen , Ye Wen , Worku Yoseph , Yang Zhenhua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite incarcerated population being at an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) and serving as a potential source of TB transmission for the general population, prison TB remains understudied. Given its adverse impact on progress towards TB elimination, World Health Organization (WHO) has identified prison TB research as a top priority to guide TB treatment/control interventions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 921 notified TB cases that were diagnosed at Kality Federal Prison, Ethiopia during 2009-2017. To assess trends of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB), extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), and TB-HIV co-infection, an ecological analysis of aggregated cases was used to report trends over time. Additionally, we used multivariable log binomial regression to identify patient characteristics associated with microbiologically confirmed PTB, extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), and TB-HIV co-infection. Results: Microbiologically confirmed PTB proportion increased over time. Young age was identified as an important risk factor for EPTB (aPR=1.74, 95%CI: 0.97, 3.13) while HIV coinfection was negatively associated with EPTB (aPR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.97). While previous TB history was associated with a lower likelihood of EPTB (aPR=0.42, 95%CI:0.25, 0.70), it was associated with an increased risk of TB-HIV coinfection (aPR=1.37, 95%CI:1.10, 1.71). Clinically diagnosed PTB patients were more likely to have TB-HIV coinfection compared to microbiologically confirmed PTB patients (aPR= 1.32, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.72).Conclusions: Increasing proportion of microbiologically confirmed PTB may suggest delayed access to treatment, severe disease and increased risk of intramural transmission. Associations with clinical/demographic factors varied for different types of TB and were not always consistent with what has been previously reported for the general population, necessitating the need to refocus prison TB control/treatment strategies based on context specific epidemiological factors.
Extremely High Levels of Central Nervous System Involvement in Miliary Tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Guirong , Liang Ruixia , Sun Qing , Liao Xinlei , Wang Chenqian , Huang Hairong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMiliary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the severest manifestations of TB that can be lethal when concomitant with the central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Bacteriological, biochemical and radiological methods for find CNS comorbidity in miliary TB was evaluated in this study.MethodsConsecutive miliary TB adults were retrospectively enrolled from two designated TB hospitals in China. The capacities of examinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of CNS involvement were assessed.ResultsAssessment of CNS involvement with a lumbar puncture and/or neuroimaging was undertaken in 282 out of 392 of acute miliary TB. Of these 282 patients, 87.59% (247/282) had CNS involvement. Cerebral contrast-enhanced MRI (96.05%, 170/177) and MRI (93.15%, 204/219) yielded significantly higher sensitivities over CSF examination (71.92%, 146/203, P<0.001) and CT (34.69%, 17/49, P<0.001). The sensitivity of CSF examination was superior to CT scan (P<0.001). Although 59.65% (134/225) miliary TB patients acquired bacteriological evidence with sputum examination, the positivity was only 8.82% (21/238) for CSF examination by conventional and molecular tests.ConclusionAlmost all miliary TB had CNS involvement and MRI demonstrated outstanding potential over other methods. Therefore, a routinely screening of CNS TB should be strongly suggested in miliary TB and MRI could be used as the initial approach in resources rich settings.
Simulation Study on Parametric Dependence of Whistler-mode Hiss Generation in the Plasmasphere
Authors: Liu Yin , Omura Yoshiharu , Hikishima Mitsuru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We conduct electromagnetic particle simulations to examine the applicability of nonlinear wave growth theory to the generation process of plasmaspheric hiss. We firstly vary the gradient of background magnetic field from a realistic model to a rather steep gradient model. Under such variation, the threshold amplitude in the nonlinear theory increases quickly and the overlap between threshold and optimum amplitude disappears correspondingly, and the nonlinear process is suppressed. In the simulations, as we enlarge the gradient variation of the background magnatic field, waves generated near the equator do not grow through propagation. By examining extracted typical wave packets from different gradient cases, we find the generation of wave packets is limited to equatorial region when background field is steep, showing a good agreement with what is indicated by critical distance in the theory. We then check the dependence of generation of hiss emissions on different hot electron densities. Since the overlap between threshold and optimum amplitude vanishes, the nonlinear process is weakened when hot electron density becomes smaller. In the simulation results, we find similar wave structures in all density cases, yet with different magnitudes. The existence of suitable values of the inhomogeneity factor S implies that nonlinear process occurs even at a low level of hot electron density. However, by examining J E which is closely related to the wave growth, we find energy conveyed from particles to waves is much limited in small density cases. Therefore, the nonlinear process is suppressed when hot electron density is small, which is in agreement with the theoretical analysis.
Duvelisib Eliminates CLL B Cells, Impairs CLL-Supporting Cells, and Overcomes Ibrutinib Resistance in Preclinical Models
Authors: Chen Shih-Shih , Barrientos Jacqueline , Ferrer Gerardo , Ravichandran Priyadarshini , Ibrahim Michael , Kieso Yasmine , Kutok Jeff , Peluso Marisa , Sharma Sujata , Weaver David , Pachter Jonathan , Rai Kanti , Chiorazzi Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Inhibitors of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTKi) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ki) have significantly improved therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the emergence of resistance to BTKi has introduced an unmet therapeutic need. Here we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo the essential roles of PI3K-δ for CLL B-cell survival and migration and of PI3K-γ in T-cell migration and macrophage polarization; and more efficacious inhibition in CLL-cell burden by dual inhibition of PI3K-δ,γ. We also report an ibrutinib-resistant CLL case, whose clone exhibited BTK and PLCγ2 mutations, responded immediately to single agent duvelisib with a redistribution lymphocytosis followed by a partial clinical remission associated with subsequent modulation of T and myeloid cells. CLL samples from patients progressed on ibrutinib were also responsive to duvelisib in patient-derived xenografts irrespective of BTK mutations. Our data support dual inhibition of PI3K-δ,γ as a valuable approach for therapeutic interventions, including patients refractory to BTKi.
Study on Creep Constitutive Model of Stratified Siltstone and its Application to Environmental Hazards Treatment
Authors: Yang Yiran , Lai Xingping , Luo Tao , Yuan Kekuo , Wang Feiyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mining causes environmental hazards which have an adverse effect on ecological system and human living environment. Rock is the main body of underground coal mining, and among them stratified siltstone is very common. Creep and instability of underground stratified siltstone is one of the main inducing factors of ground fissures and ground surface settlement. In this study, on the basis of fully considering its stratified structure features, we built and theoretically analyzed the viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model of stratified siltstone. Creep tests and numerical simulation under multi-stress were conducted. Numerical simulation results under high, medium and low stress were consistent with the creep test results, it made up for the deficiency of traditional creep models in predicting plastic deformation at low stress level. Numerical simulation results showed that under different boundary conditions, the proposed model had advantage to more accurately simulate creep behavior of stratified siltstone compared with traditional models. Also, the numerical simulation results reveled creep characteristics of underground roadway surrounding rock, based on which a supporting scheme was put forward. In the stress adjustment stage, the strain rate dropped significantly from 14.6mm/d to 10.3mm/d. Then, it entered the deceleration creep stage. Creep of roadway surrounding rock and ground surface settlement stopped. The environmental hazards were solved to a great extent.
Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child BMI in a Multi-ethnic Sample: A Latent Growth Modeling Analysis
Authors: Farewell Charlotte V. , Donohoe Ryley , Thayer Zaneta , Paulson James , Nicklas Jacinda , Walker Caroline , Waldie Karen , Leiferman Jenn A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Perinatal (antenatal and postpartum) depression impacts approximately 12% of mothers. Perinatal depression can impact everyday functioning for mothers, and the relationship with, and development of, their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate depression trajectories from the antenatal period through 54-months postpartum and associations with child body mass index at 54-months postpartum.Methods: This study applied latent growth modeling to the Growing Up in New Zealand study, which is a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study that provides nationally representative level data, to investigate associations between depression at three time points (antenatal, 9-months postpartum, 54-months postpartum) and child body mass index at 54-months (n=4897).Results: The average slope of depression for this sample is low and decreases over time. When child BMI was added to the model as an outcome variable, both antenatal depression (B=.25, p<.01), and the rate of change of depression across the perinatal and postpartum periods (B=.09, p<.01) were associated with child BMI at 54-months postpartum. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, antenatal depression, but not postnatal depression, remained significantly associated with child BMI (B=.05, p<.05). When controlling for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI the effect of antenatal depression on child BMI at 54-months was entirely attenuated (χ² (9) = 39.60, p < .05, SRMR = 0.01, CFI = .99, RMSEA = 0.03, BIC=53213).Conclusions: Our findings align with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory and imply that both the physical and mental health of mothers during pregnancy may be important indicators of child growth and development outcomes. Early intervention directed towards women who have even mild depression scores during pregnancy may promote healthy child development outcomes. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms over time seen in this study, multiple assessment periods across the postpartum period may be valuable to adequately address and support maternal mental health.
Lightning Fast and Highly Sensitive Full-Length Single-cell sequencing using FLASH-Seq
Authors: Hahaut Vincent , Pavlinic Dinko , Cowan Cameron , Picelli Simone 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the last 10 years, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has undergone exponential growth. Emulsion droplets methods, such as those commercialized by 10x Genomics, have allowed researchers to analyze tens of thousands of cells in parallel in a robust and reproducible way. However, in contrast to SMART-based full-length sequencing protocols, these methods interrogate only the outer portion of the transcripts and still lack the required sensitivity for analyzing comprehensively the transcriptome of individual cells. Building upon the existing SMART-seq forerunners protocols, we developed FLASH-Seq (FS), a new scRNA-seq method which displays greater sensitivity while decreasing incubation times and reducing the number of processing steps compared to its predecessors. The entire FS protocol - from lysed cells to pooled cDNA libraries - can be performed in ~4.5 hours, is automation-friendly and can be easily miniaturized to decrease costs.
Trajectory Tracking Control of Mobile Manipulators Subject to Unknown External Forces
Authors: Galicki Miroslaw 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work proposes a new class of controllers for mobile manipulators subject to both undesirable forces exerted on the end-effector and slip reaction forces acting on the platform wheels, unknown friction forces coming from joints directly driven by the actuators as well as undesirable forces caused by kinematic singular configurations appearing on the mechanism trajectory. Based on suitably defined task space non-singular terminal sliding manifold (TSM) and the Lyapunov stability theory, we derive a class of estimated extended transposed Jacobian controllers which seem to be effective in counteracting the unstructured forces. Moreover, in order to eliminate (or to alleviate) undesirable chattering effects, the proposed control law involves second order sliding technique. The numerical computations closely related to an experiment, which are carried out for a mobile manipulator consisting of a platform of (2, 0) type and holonomic manipulator of two revolute kinematic pairs, illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers.
Super High-Quality SEM/FIB Imaging of Dentine Structures Without Collagen Fiber Loss Through a Metal Staining Process
Authors: Xu Shiyou , Stranick Michael , Hines Deon , Du Ke , Pan Long 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscope/Focused Ion Beam (SEM/FIB) system has become a valuable and popular tool for the analysis of biological materials such as dentine structures. According to physiological and anatomical studies, dentine structures are a complicated system containing collagen fibers, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, and numerous networks of tubular pores. During a routine FIB milling process, collagen fibers and other organic structures are vaporized, while the number of tubular pores remaining is increased. This causes the final cross-section to be more porous than the real sample. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the collagen fiber loss and how to preserve them during a FIB milling process. In this work, we present a novel and simple approach to preserve the organic portions of the dentine structure through metal staining. By using this method, the porosity of the dentine structure after the FIB milling process is significantly reduced similar to the real sample. This indicates that the organic portion of the dentine structure is well protected by the metal staining. This approach enables the SEM/FIB system to generate super-high quality SEM images with less ion beam damage; and the SEM images can better reflect the original condition of the dentine structure. Further, serial energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of the stained dentine structure is achieved without an additional metal coating; and three-dimensional (3-D) elemental mapping of an occluded dentine is achieved with a significantly reduced data acquisition time.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ai Yaqin , Xu Ruoxin , Liu Lingping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSarcopenia was a frequent chronic complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and previous evidence showed conflicting results regarding the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in T2DM. In the current study, we aimed at systematically exploring the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM. MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched to identify observational studies which investigated the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM. The quality of individual included studies was evaluated using The Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Pooled effects regarding prevalence and associated factors were calculated using random-effects models. The potential publication bias was assessed via funnel plot and Egger test. ResultsTwenty-eight studies involving 16800 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM was 18% (95% CI, 0.15-0.22; I2=97.4%). The pooled results showed that elder age (OR, 4.73; 95% CI, 4.30-5.19; I2=85.6%), male gender, chronic hyperglycemia (higher HbA1c) (OR, 1.16; 95% CI,1.05-2.47; I2=99.2%) and osteoporosis (OR, 1.16; 95% CI,1.05-2.47; I2=99.2%) was predictors for sarcopenia, whereas patients with lower BMI (OR, 1.16; 95% CI,1.05-2.47; I2=99.2%) and metformin administrations (OR, 1.16; 95% CI,1.05-2.47; I2=99.2%) were not prone to get sarcopenia. The funnel plot and statistical tests showed no obvious publication bias. ConclusionsSarcopenia was frequent in T2DM patients. Elder age, male gender and chronic hyperglycemia, Osteoporosis were significant risk factors for Sarcopenia. Lower BMI and metformin administrations were associated with lower risk of sarcopenia.
Comparing Chick and Grower Stages of Nine Breeds of Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus, 1758 for RBC and WBC Parameters
Authors: Bhattacherjee Ananya , Mohanty Prafulla Kumar , Mallik Bandi Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study estimates haematological parameters of different breeds of chicken, viz., Aseel, Black Rock, Dahlem Red, Kadaknath, Naked-neck, Red Cornish, Rhode Island Red, Vanaraja and White Leghorn. Blood samples were collected from 40 unsexed birds of each breed, comprising 20 chicks (< 2 months) and 20 growers (2-8months). Erythrocytic parameters such as Haemoglobin, Total Erythrocyte Count, Packed Cell Volume and erythrocyte indices and leukocytic parameters such as Total Leukocyte Count and Differential Leukocyte Count were taken into account. The data were subjected to ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis and significant differences were observed at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. As a whole, Red Blood Cell and White Blood Cell parameters (except Total Leukocyte Count and Basophil percentage which are not significantly different) record significant differences at p < 0.01 among and between the breeds. But some birds also differ at p < 0.05 among and between themselves.