bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia
Authors: Kaczmarek Agata , Boguś Mieczysława I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.
The Role of Estrone in Feminizing Hormone Treatment
Authors: Tebbens Marieke , Heijboer Annemieke C , T’Sjoen Guy , Bisschop Peter H , den Heijer Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
In trans women, hormone treatment induces feminization; however, the degree of feminization varies from person to person. A possible contributing factor could be estrone, a weak estrogen that interferes with the estrogen receptor.

Objective
We assessed whether estrone is involved in feminization induced by hormone treatment.

Methods
This prospective cohort study, with follow-up of 1 year, included 212 adult trans women at a gender identity clinic, who were starting gender-affirming hormone treatment between July 2017 and December 2019, median age 25 years. Change in fat percentage and breast development were assessed.

Results
After 12 months of hormone treatment, estrone concentration was 187 pmol/L (95% CI, 153-220) in transdermal and 1516 pmol/L (95% CI, 1284-1748) in oral estradiol users. Fat percentage increased by 1.2% (interquartile range [IQR], 0.3-4.8) in transdermal and 4.6% (IQR, 2.5-5.9) in oral estradiol users. This was not associated with estrone concentrations in transdermal (+4.4% (95% CI, −4.0 to 13) per 100 pmol/L increase in estrone concentration) nor in oral estradiol users (−0.7% [95% CI, −1.7 to 0.3]). Breast volume increased by 69 mL (IQR, 58-134) in transdermal and 62 mL (IQR, 32-95) in oral estradiol users. This was not associated with estrone concentrations in transdermal (+14% [95% CI, −49 to 156] per 100 pmol/L increase in estrone concentration) nor oral estradiol users (+11% [95% CI −14 to 43]).

Conclusions
Change in fat percentage and breast development in trans women were not associated with estrone concentrations nor with administration route. Therefore, measurement of estrone concentrations does not have a place in the monitoring of feminization in trans women.
Requiem: Roundtable on Tendayi Sithole's The Black Register
Authors: Collis-Buthelezi Victoria J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This special section of the issue offers a discussion of South African theorist Tendayi Sithole's book The Black Register (2020). The section's essays explore the stakes of Sithole's work as well as its implications. They unpack the book around questions of geography, historicity, and visual representation.
The long non-coding RNA ET-20 mediates EMT by impairing desmosomes in breast cancer cells
Authors: Saxena Meera , Hisano Mizue , Neutzner Melanie , Diepenbruck Maren , Ivanek Robert , Sharma Kirti , Kalathur Ravi K. R. , Bürglin Thomas R. , Risoli Salvatore , Christofori Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The vast majority of breast cancer-associated deaths are due to metastatic spread of cancer cells, a process aided by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mounting evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) also contribute to tumor progression. We report the identification of 114 novel lncRNAs that change their expression during TGFβ-induced EMT in murine breast cancer cells (referred to as EMT-associated transcripts; ETs). Of these, the ET-20 gene localizes in antisense orientation within the tenascin C (Tnc) gene locus. TNC is an extracellular matrix protein that is critical for EMT and metastasis formation. Both ET-20 and Tnc are regulated by the EMT master transcription factor Sox4. Notably, ablation of ET-20 lncRNA effectively blocks Tnc expression and with it EMT. Mechanistically, ET-20 interacts with desmosomal proteins, thereby impairing epithelial desmosomes and promoting EMT. A short transcript variant of ET-20 is shown to be upregulated in invasive human breast cancer cell lines, where it also promotes EMT. Targeting ET-20 appears to be a therapeutically attractive lead to restrain EMT and breast cancer metastasis in addition to its potential utility as a biomarker for invasive breast cancer.
Dia- and Rok-dependent enrichment of capping proteins in a cortical region
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Li Long , Lv Zhiyi , Yan Shuling , Großhans Jörg 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Rho signaling with its major targets the formin Dia, Rho kinase (Rok) and non-muscle myosin II (MyoII, encoded by zip in flies) control turnover, amount and contractility of actomyosin. Much less investigated has been a potential function for the distribution of F-actin plus and minus ends. In syncytial Drosophila embryos, Rho1 signaling is high between actin caps, i.e. the cortical intercap region. Capping protein binds to free plus ends of F-actin to prevent elongation of the filament. Capping protein has served as a marker to visualize the distribution of F-actin plus ends in cells and in vitro. In the present study, we probed the distribution of plus ends with capping protein in syncytial Drosophila embryos. We found that capping proteins are specifically enriched in the intercap region similar to Dia and MyoII but distinct from overall F-actin. The intercap enrichment of Capping protein was impaired in dia mutants and embryos, in which Rok and MyoII activation was inhibited. Our observations reveal that Dia and Rok-MyoII control Capping protein enrichment and support a model that Dia and Rok-MyoII control the organization of cortical actin cytoskeleton downstream of Rho1 signaling.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Do Maya women have the chance to improve their quality of life?
Authors: Siniarska Anna , Wolański Napoleon 
Published: October 2021

Background: Maya families suffered greatly during the henequen industry in the Yucatan, but the lives of the Maya women at the time were perhaps worse than anywhere in the world. Changes in Maya body height over the 20th century were assessed in order to show secular changes. The use of the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) allowed for the evaluation of the living conditions prevailing during the existence of the henequen haciendas to the Mexican revolution and a gradual improvement of these conditions by the end of the 20th century. Methods: In 1994, 364 men and 320 women aged 20-98 years were studied in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. They were divided into six age groups and by gender: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70+ years. Stature for both genders, and age at menarche for women were considered. SDI in stature was calculated to assess living conditions. Results: There were smaller (0.25 cm/10 years) changes in height in men than in women (0.9 cm/10 years) and no significant changes in acceleration of maturation. SDI results showed changes from 9.9 to 7.6, and this may indicate a constant, but very small improvement of living conditions. The age at menarche of women did not show statistically significant acceleration with age. Conclusions: In the colonial period of the late 19th century until the Mexican Revolution, women were worse off than men. Previous research has shown that when living conditions change, men always react faster than women, e.g. by lowering or increasing body height. Our study of the Maya population in the 20th century showed otherwise; female height increased more than male height. This may reflect that the living conditions of Maya men have not changed over the 20th century, but have improved for women.
Broadband terahertz generation by optical rectification of ultrashort multiterawatt laser pulses near the beam breakup threshold
Authors: Nazarov M. M. , Shcheglov P. A. , Teplyakov V. V. , Chashchin M. V. , Mitrofanov A. V. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Panchenko V. Y. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: October 2021

We identify the physical factors that limit the terahertz (THz) yield of an optical rectification (OR) of ultrashort multiterawatt laser pulses in large-area quadratically nonlinear crystals. We show that the THz yield tends to slow its growth as a function of the laser driver energy, saturate, and eventually decrease as the laser beam picks up a spatiotemporal phase due to the intensity-dependent refraction of the OR crystal. We demonstrate that, with a careful management of the driver intensity aimed at keeping the nonlinear length larger than the coherence length, OR-based broadband THz generation in large-area lithium niobate (LN) crystals is energy-scalable, enabling an OR of multiterawatt laser pulses, yielding

∼
10

µ

J

/

c
m

2

of THz output energy per unit crystal area. With a 27-fs, 10-TW, 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser output used as a driver for OR in large-area LN crystals, this approach is shown to provide a THz output with a pulse energy above 10 µJ and a bandwidth extending well beyond 6 THz, supporting single-cycle THz waveforms.
Demonstration of kilowatt monolithic Yb-doped fiber laser operation near 980  nm
Authors: Chen Maoni , Cao Jianqiu , Liu Aimin , Huang Zhihe , Pan Zhiyong , Chen Zilun , Chen Jinbao 
Published: October 2021

In this Letter, to the best of our knowledge, the first kilowatt monolithic Yb-doped fiber laser operating near 980 nm is demonstrated. The fiber laser is achieved with the help of an all-fiber amplifier fabricated with a 105/250-

µ

m

core/cladding-diameter double-cladding Yb-doped fiber. With 11-W seed light, about 1.11-kW output power was obtained with 65.3% slope efficiency. The center wavelength was around 978 nm with a 10-dB bandwidth of about 0.6 nm. About 34-dB suppression of 1030-nm amplified spontaneous emission was realized, and the output beam quality (

M

2

factor) was about 16.2 at maximum output power. Better beam quality can be expected by optimizing the seed light and active fiber. This work can provide significant guidance for the study and designation of high-power fiber lasers operating near 980 nm and other three-level fiber sources.
3D modelling of drug-coated balloons for the treatment of calcified superficial femoral arteries
Authors: Colombo Monika , Corti Anna , Berceli Scott , Migliavacca Francesco , McGinty Sean , Chiastra Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Background/Objectives
Drug-coated balloon therapy for diseased superficial femoral arteries remains controversial. Despite its clinical relevance, only a few computational studies based on simplistic two-dimensional models have been proposed to investigate this endovascular therapy to date. This work addresses the aforementioned limitation by analyzing the drug transport and kinetics occurring during drug-coated balloon deployment in a three-dimensional geometry.

Methods
An idealized three-dimensional model of a superficial femoral artery presenting with a calcific plaque and treated with a drug-coated balloon was created to perform transient mass transport simulations. To account for the transport of drug (i.e. paclitaxel) released by the device, a diffusion-reaction equation was implemented by describing the drug bound to specific intracellular receptors through a non-linear, reversible reaction. The following features concerning procedural aspects, pathologies and modelling assumptions were investigated: (i) balloon application time (60–180 seconds); (ii) vessel wall composition (healthy vs. calcified wall); (iii) sequential balloon application; and (iv) drug wash-out by the blood stream vs. coating retention, modeled as exponential decay.

Results
The balloon inflation time impacted both the free and specifically-bound drug concentrations in the vessel wall. The vessel wall composition highly affected the drug concentrations. In particular, the specifically-bound drug concentration was four orders of magnitude lower in the calcific compared with healthy vessel wall portions, primarily as a result of reduced drug diffusion. The sequential application of two drug-coated balloons led to modest differences (~15%) in drug concentration immediately after inflation, which became negligible within 10 minutes. The retention of the balloon coating increased the drug concentration in the vessel wall fourfold.

Conclusions
The overall findings suggest that paclitaxel kinetics may be affected not only by the geometrical and compositional features of the vessel treated with the drug-coated balloon, but also by balloon design characteristics and procedural aspects that should be carefully considered.
Examining person-centered maternity care in a peri-urban setting in Embakasi, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Oluoch-Aridi Jackline , Afulani Patience , Makanga Cindy , Guzman Danice , Miller-Graff Laura 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Peri-urban settings have high maternal mortality and the quality of care received in different types of health facilities is varied. Yet few studies have explored the construct of person-centered maternity care (PCMC) within peri-urban settings. Understanding women’s experience of maternity care in peri-urban settings will allow health facility managers and policy makers to improve services in these settings. This study examines factors associated with PCMC in a peri-urban setting in Kenya.

Methods and materials
We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study with 307 women aged 18–49 years who had delivered a baby within the preceding six weeks. Women were recruited from public (n = 118), private (n = 76), and faith based (n = 113) health facilities. We measured PCMC using the 30-item validated PCMC scale which evaluates women’s experiences of dignified and respectful care, supportive care, and communication and autonomy. Factors associated with PCMC were evaluated using multilevel models, with women nested within facilities.

Results
The average PCMC score was 58.2 (SD = 13.66) out of 90. Controlling for other factors, literate women had, on average, about 6-point higher PCMC scores than women who were not literate (β = 5.758, p = 0.006). Women whose first antenatal care (ANC) visit was in the second (β = -5.030, p = 0.006) and third trimester (β = -7.288, p = 0.003) had lower PCMC scores than those whose first ANC were in the first trimester. Women who were assisted by an unskilled attendant or an auxiliary nurse/midwife at birth had lower PCMC than those assisted by a nurse, midwife or clinical officer (β = -8.962, p = 0.016). Women who were interviewed by phone (β = -7.535, p = 0.006) had lower PCMC scores than those interviewed in person.

Conclusions
Factors associated with PCMC include literacy, ANC timing and duration, and delivery provider. There is a need to improve PCMC in these settings as part of broader quality improvement activities to improve maternal and neonatal health.
Smartphone applications for physical activity and sedentary behaviour change in people with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patterson Kacie , Davey Rachel , Keegan Richard , Freene Nicole 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSmartphone applications provide new opportunities for secondary prevention healthcare. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if smartphone applications are effective at changing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease.MethodsSix electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Sports Discus and EMBASE) were searched from 2007 to October 2020. Cardiovascular disease secondary prevention physical activity or sedentary behaviour interventions were included where the primary element was a smartphone or tablet computer application (excluding SMS-only text-messaging). Study quality was assessed using validated tools appropriate for each study design. Random effects model was used and the pooled mean difference between post scores were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences based on diagnosis, sample size, age, intervention duration, activity tracker use, target behaviour, and self-report versus device-measured outcome.ResultsNineteen studies with a total of 1,543 participants were included (coronary heart disease, n = 10; hypertension, n = 4; stroke, n = 3; heart failure, n = 1; peripheral artery disease, n = 1). Risk of bias was rated as high. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only two controlled studies reported on sedentary behaviour. Smartphone applications produced a significant increase of 40.35 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per week (7 studies; p = 0.04; 95% CI 1.03 to 79.67) and 2,390 steps per day (3 studies; p = 0.0007; 95% CI 1,006.9 to 3,791.2). Subgroup analyses found no difference when comparing diagnoses, sample size, activity tracker use, target behaviour and self-report versus device-measured outcome. Larger improvements in physical activity were noted in intervention durations of ≤3-months and participants ≥60yrs (95.35 mins.week-1; p = 0.05).ConclusionsSmartphone applications were effective in increasing physical activity in people with cardiovascular disease. Caution is warranted for the low-quality evidence, small sample and larger coronary heart disease representation. More rigorous research is needed to investigate the effect of smartphone applications across diagnoses and in sedentary behaviour.
»… dann wird Gott dich mit großen Plagen und bösen Krankheiten heimsuchen« (Dtn 28,59)
Authors: Schmid Konrad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Catastrophes like global pandemics are very prone to generate different interpretations, also in the realm of religion and theology. It might be expected that the most common approach within the history of religion was to think of them as divine punishments for human sins. While this was the case in some instances, a closer look, however, reveals that ancient and medieval theologians were very reluctant to embark on that way of explanations and offered more theologically mature thoughts.
»Schwert, Hunger, Seuche« als Kurzformel für den Untergang Jerusalems
Authors: Maier Christl M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Within the Hebrew Bible, terms for »pestilence« or »plague« mainly appear in connection to covenant, curses, and warfare. The essay locates the phenomenon within its ancient Near Eastern context and focuses on how the Hebrew texts describe and interpret this catastrophe. The peculiar triadic phrase »sword, hunger, pestilence«, frequent in the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, recalls the horrors of siege warfare, and especially the defeat of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. For the survivors of this catastrophe who seek to explain how this traumatic event could happen, the phrase serves as a literary topos for Yhwh’s reaction to Israel’s wrong-doings and as a shorthand for their cultural trauma.
“All kids matter”? Catholic institutional advocacy for federal COVID relief funding for non-public schools
Authors: Sellers Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2021

This article explores the policy interests expressed by the largest private educational system in the United States, American Catholic schools, during the first four months of the COVID-19 crisis. Critical discourse analysis is applied to public texts produced by the Catholic Church between March 1 and July 1, 2020, in order to understand the discursive strategies through which this institution constructs meaning in the policy arena. This analysis illustrates how Catholic leaders use language to make racialized and low-income students “discursively invisible.” The author documents a significant change in policy discourse, from neoconservative logics to neoliberal ones, which corresponds directly to political signaling from the Trump Administration. Drawing on critical race theory, the author suggests implications for policymakers and stakeholders.
Pengaruh Durasi Penggenangan terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Waktu Berbunga Cabai Merah Keriting Capsicum annum (L.) Varietas Jacko
Authors: Insani Nia Nur , Darmanti Sri , Saptiningsih Endang 
Published: October 2021

Cabai merah keriting (C. annum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas holtikultura yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Musim penghujan di Indonesia menyebabkan lahan pertanian tergenang sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh durasi penggenangan terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan waktu berbunga cabai merah keriting (C. annum L.) varietas Jacko. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol, penggenangan durasi 1 hari, 3 hari, dan 10 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 5 ulangan. Desain penelitian menggunakan RAL satu faktor yaitu durasi penggenangan. Analisis data setelah perlakuan penggenangan menggunakan uji T taraf signifikansi 5% dan analisis data setelah periode pemulihan 30 hari menggunakan one-way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan ke uji LSD taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan panjang akar, jumlah daun, ukuran daun, perubahan warna daun, tinggi tanaman, bobot segar akar, dan bobot segar tajuk tanaman setelah perlakuan penggenangan. Diakhir periode pemulihan terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan vegetatif pada semua perlakuan. Peningkatan durasi penggenangan menurunkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman dan menunda waktu pembentukan tunas bunga. Pertumbuhan akar dan jumlah daun selama periode pemulihan merupakan faktor penting dalam adaptasi tanaman terhadap penggenangan. Capsicum annum L. is a horticultural commodity that has high economic value. The rainy season in Indonesia caused agricultural land to be flooded, which affected chili pepper's growth and yield. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of flooding duration on vegetative growth and flowering time of C. annum L. var. Jacko. The treatments consisted of control, flooding duration of 1 day, three days, and ten days. Each treatment used five replications. The research design used one-factor RAL, namely the duration of flooding. Data analysis after flooding treatment used the T-test with a significance level of 5%, and data analysis after the recovery period used one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed a decrease in root length, leaf number, leaf size, leaf color change, plant height, root fresh weight, and shoot fresh weight after flooding treatment. At the end of the recovery period, there was an increase in vegetative growth in all treatments. Increasing the duration of flooding reduces the vegetative growth of plants and delays the time of flower bud formation. Root growth and number of leaves during the recovery period are important factors in plant adaptation to flooding.