bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine-immune complex as the mirror of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites at rats
Authors: Popovych Igor , Kuchma Igor , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Zukow Walery , Gozhenko Anatoliy 
Published: September 2021

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. Based on this, we have been created three groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. We have been shown that each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. In this study, an attempt will be made to supplement the immune accompaniment of each constellation of nitrogenous metabolites with parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. The state of autonomous regulation assessed by HRV. The plasma levels of the hormones of adaptation: corticosterone, triiodothyronine and testosterone (by the ELISA) were determined as well as mineralocorticoid, calcitonin and parathyroid activity calculated by their electrolyte markers. Results. 9 neuro-endocrine and 17 immune parameters were identified, the set of which three clusters of nitrogen metabolism clearly differ from each other. The overall accuracy of the classification is 93,3%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of 26 parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex.
The role of immunomodulatory preparations in asthma treatment
Authors: Kaczynska Agnieszka , Kłosińska Martyna , Ostojska Magdalena , Nowak Emilia , Stanicki Paweł 
Published: September 2021

Asthma remains one of the most prevalent respiratory tract disorders. The disease affects both adults and children and remains the most common cause of respiratory morbidity. Considering its significant impact on patients’ quality of life and the treatment burdened with side effects, a new therapy approaches affecting the clinical course of asthma are needed. Here we describe the current results that have been obtained on using immunomodulatory preparations in asthma. The analysis of previously published studies was conducted by using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Probiotics, bacterial lysates (BLs) and pidotimod are immunomodulatory compounds affecting both adaptive and innate immunity. The therapy based on probiotics might modulate the intestinal microbiota and regulate the inflammatory response. Bacterial lysates promote immune response by reversing Th1/Th2 unstable balance, which leads to reduction of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness during asthma exacerbations. Pidotimod stimulates PRRs and increases the release of antimicrobial peptides which also leads to the improvement in the rate of respiratory tract infections. Some studies showed the beneficial effect of described preparations in asthma course. Regrettably, findings do not correspond with each other and the data referring to immunomodulatory compounds is still limited, thus there is an urgent need to conduct more, large sample studies.The conclusion we can only draw is that immunomodulatory compounds may offer an alternative approach for symptom reduction and prophylaxis against both infections and exacerbations of asthma.
The main phases of Oleksandr Zupan's development as a geographer and teacher
Authors: Bilous Victoriіa 
Published: September 2021

The main phasess of life history and formation of scientific work of Professor Oleksandr Zupan, a famous Austrian geographer, climatologist, teacher, editor of the famous geographical journal "Petermanns Mitteilungen" are described. It is shown the contribution to the development of geographical science, Austrian and German school geography whithin the analysis of O. Zupan’s career.Most of his life Oleksandr Zupan lived in Germany, namely in Gotha. His stay in Slovenia in Ljubljana was very long as well. He studied and worked as a teacher in Ljubljana. In general, we suggest to identify five periods: the first - 1847 - 1869, the second - 1869 - 1877, the third - 1878 - 1884, the fourth - 1885-1907 years, and the fifth - 1908 - 1920 years.
PIMS-TS- (Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome – Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2)- a new challenging medical condition
Authors: Dubel Robert , Ruszel Kinga , Chodun Wiktoria , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara 
Published: September 2021

At the beginning of pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 children were thought to go through COVID 19 in a definitely milder way than adults, in most cases even asymptomatically. However, even though the period of infection in pediatric patients is benign, SARS-CoV-2 found a way to take its toll on children’s health. Here comes PIMS-TS: Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) [ICD-10: U 10.9]. Since the global pandemic of COVID-19 is still on the go, for over a year now, SARS-CoV-2 tends to constantly mutate and affect children at increasingly young age either by oligosymptomatic respiratory viral infection, or more distant SARS-CoV-2-related medical condition- PIMS-TS. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), or Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) as it’s also called, is a rare systemic disease manifested by persistent fever and extreme inflammatory reaction following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, 2-4 weeks before the symptoms occur. It’s a brand new medical condition, described for the first time in May 2020. PIMS-TS affects 1 out of 1000 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and can lead to very dangerous cardiological complications such as acute pancarditis, shock or aneurysms of coronary arteries. Efficient treatment performed in the accurate time and hospitalization in ICU allow to overcome PIMS-TS in the prevalent number of patients and get better in a few days. Mortality of PIMS-TS ranges from 1,5% to 2% of all cases.
Phytotherapy in diabetes: a review of plant
Authors: Kuc Monika , Cyboran Katarzyna , Machaj Damian , Korzec Tomasz , Kania Konrad 
Published: September 2021

More than 200 species of plants possess antidiabetic properties which were evaluated mostly by screening tests without digging far for the exact mode of action. Searching among the different literature resources and various database, this article provides a comprehensive review on the available antidiabetic plants that have been approved by pharmacological and clinical evaluations, and which their mechanism(s) of action is assured.
Anti-aging properties of metformin
Authors: Łopuszyńska Anna Małgorzata , Pawlicki Mateusz , Kozioł Magdalena , Krasa Aleksandra , Piekarska Ewa , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Life expectancy of human population is being constantly prolonged, hence there is a lot of research into drug that will prevent the effects of aging. There are many reports that metformin, which is a drug used in type 2 diabetes, has anti-aging effects. It belongs to the group of biguanides and has been used since the 1950s. It is a relatively safe, cheap and effective drug, which makes it a promising subject for many studies. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in this field. Material and methods: PubMed scientific base was searched using following keywords: metformin, aging, anti-aging, in years 2017-2021. Results: Numerous studies show that metformin has an impact on aging through the nutrient pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and its effects on reactive oxygen species. In addition, it has an anti-cancer effect, inhibiting, among others, rectal cancer cells and p53 mutant colon cancer. Research in rodents has shown that this drug has anti-aging effects on many organs, including the CNS, ovaries, prostate, heart muscle and skin. Conclusions: Metformin, which is the most commonly used oral drug in type 2 diabetes, has many other mechanisms of action. Its anti-aging effect works on many organs in our bodies, which gives hope to find an anti-aging substance. However, multicentre, randomized trials are needed to determine the exact anti-aging dose, its possible side effects, and effects on various organisms.
Diagnosis of the pancreatic cancer
Authors: Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kalicka Maria , Korzec Tomasz , Kania Konrad , Cyboran Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The pancreatic cancer arises from non-invasive precursor lesions and develops through the accumulation of characteristic gene mutations. The recent scientific reports based on genetic tests state that the approximate time between cancerous initiation and the development of cancer with metastasisis15 years. We candistinguish three main precancerous lesions leading to the pancreatic cancer: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). The imaging tests used for the diagnostics and observation of precancerous pancreas lesions are MR, MRC, CT and EUS. Method: review of the recent literature based on PubMEd, Google scholar research based onthe following key words: pancreatic cancer, precancer of the pancreas, pancreatic cyst, tuber of the pancreas, medical imaging of the pancreasPurpose of the work: systematizing information about precancers of the pancreatic cancer based on the latest research and findings
The importance of CAD and DECT in CT colonography
Authors: Wójcik Anna Monika , Kurzepa Joanna , Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Krawiec Paulina , Białek Justyna , Kozioł Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionAccording to the American College of Radiology and the American Cancer Society, CTC has been recognized as a valuable screening method for detecting CRC in people at medium risk as an alternative to endoscopic colonoscopy. The condition for the proper interpretation of this procedure is the patient’s preparation for the examination. The evaluation of the test includes: topogram, transverse images (as reference images), multifaceted reconstructions and three-dimensional images (3D navigator). Materials and methods The literature on the use of CTC in the diagnosis of CRC was analyzed. A review of the scientific literature indexed in the PUBMED database from the last 10 years was carried out. Results The introduction of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) clearly improved the diagnostic accuracy of CTC. The main advantage of DECT is the possibility of obtaining iodine maps and VNC (virtual non-contrast) – a ’’virtual’’ native image (without the use of contrast). DECT allows you to monitor the results and extent of iodine capture on VNC and iodine map images, respectively, without using pre-recorded tomographic images. Pilot tests showed that DECT is an effective tool in CT colonography diagnostics and electronic colon loop cleaning after barium labeling. The use of the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) algorithm in high energy tomography helps in the diagnosis and detection of intestinal tumors. ConclusionsThe development of modern technologies used in CT colonography proves that it is a safe and acceptable technique for patients. Lack of invasiveness, low radiation dose and high diagnostic efficiency of CTC may encourage more people to undergo colorectal cancer screening in the future.
Use of white light therapy in treatment of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Góralczyk Wanesa , Mikos Eryk , Kanon Karol 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease revealed by motor and non-motor symptoms. Alternative therapies for cure non-motor symptoms are searched. One of them can be white light therapy, which is based on taking samples of light specified illuminance, time of day, period and head-to-light distance.

Brief description of the state of knowledge. The purpose of white light therapy is stabilization of the circadian melatonin secretion and improvement of circadian rhythmicity. Morning white light exposure allows to accelerate the circadian rhythm and is effective in cure of depression disorders. In turn evening light exposure is used to delayed the circadian rhythm and treat early awaking insomnia. The effectiveness of treatment by white light therapy other neurological and neuropsychiatric disease as depression or sleep disorder is well-documented.

Conclusions. White Light Therapy is a safe, easy to use, and inexpensive non-pharmacological treatment option with rare side effects. Research shows that light has a significant therapeutic effect on a broad spectrum of symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, insomnia. However more evidence is needed to define specific dose of light for treatment non-motor symptoms Parkinson’s disease and the regime of its intake (length of irradiation, time of day, distance between the head and the light source).
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of neuralgia and neuropathic pain
Authors: Mielniczek Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins currently known, with high affinity to the cholinergic synapse, which sufficiently inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Its use has proved to be effective in the treatment of many diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Although most of the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin are due to the temporary relaxation of skeletal muscles (caused by inhibition of acetylcholine release), research is ongoing into its effects on the nervous system.
Purpose of the work: The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the treatment of neuralgia and neuropathic pain.
Method: The relevant samples were accessed by means of an electronic search in the PubMed database. The analysis used reviews and meta-analyzes posted on the platform over the last 10 years.
Conclusions: Botulinum toxin has great potential in the treatment of pain. It is multitasking due to its favorable safety profile and long-lasting relief from a single injection compared to other pain medications. The side effects caused by it were assessed to be mild to moderate and included a local skin reaction (swelling), injection site pain, muscle weakness, flu symptoms, nausea and vomiting.
Keywords: botulinum toxin; neuropathic pain; pain treatment; neuralgia; BoNT / A
Vegan and vegetarian diet influence on bone health - a short review
Authors: Nowaczek Justyna , Oszczędłowski Paweł , Stanicki Paweł , Żak Klaudia , Januszewski Jacek 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Vegan and vegetarian diets rise in popularity. Their succes can be attributed to growing ecological awarness and trends in culture. Opponents criticise these diets as incompletely nutritional. In this review, we would like to summarise the state of knowledge over effects of vegan and vegetarian diets on skeletal system. Bone Mineral Density is a widely used indicator of likelyhood of fracture and develompent of osteoporosis. Comparing that parameter between vegans and vegetarians and non-vegans can lead to conclusions about bones’ health.
A brief description of the state of knowledge: Lower intake of calcium and vitamins (D3, B12) in vegans and vegetarians can lead to lower bone mineral density and higher risk of fracture. Although, with supplementation of those nutrients negative effects are greatly reduced. Higher bone mineral density in non-vegetarian subjects can be result of higher body mass, gender and other factors. Plant-based diets are less acid-forming than their counterpart, resulting in lower bone resorption and reduced loss of calcium.
Conclusions: Vegan and vegetarian diet can result in lower boner mineral density. However, if applied correctly, with supplementation of lacking nutrients, or enriching the diet with dairy products it may not lead to any negative effects on bones. Substances contained in plants, more frequently eaten by vegans and vegetarians may have positive effects on bone mineral density.
Pulmonary embolism as a complication of fracture of the proximal end of the humerus - literature review
Authors: Wokurka Wojciech , Węgrzyniak Agata , Dudek Iga , Piech Piotr 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are many factors that increase the risk of its occurence. High costs of treatment, non-specific symptoms and high mortality of the disease determine the further search for new methods of treatment and diagnostics. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of PE in patients after fracture of the proximal end of the humerus.
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEDLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, proximal humerus fracture.
Results: Among the found articles, 4 original papers describing the problems of pulmonary embolism after fractures of the proximal end of the humerus were qualified for further analysis. The incidence of PE after this type of fracture is rare and ranges from 1.3% to 5.1%. Moreover, PE was not the cause of death of any patient in the analyzed literature.
Conclusion: The need for further randomized controlled trials on a large group of patients operated with the same technique was demonstrated, including subgroups with and without antithrombotic chemoprophylaxis.
Treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD) - a review of the literature
Authors: Klas Jakub , Kluz Natalia , Makaryczew Mikołaj , Piwowar Klaudia 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and aims of the study: The aim of this study is to present recent reports on the treatment and therapy of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (ChAD). The current treatment of patients affected by these diseases is difficult and unsatisfactory, therefore it is necessary to find new therapeutic options that will improve the effectiveness of treatment
For the purpose of this study, scientific papers were reviewed using the Google Scholar search engine covering studies from 2016 to 2021. A dozen papers covering the scope of the publication were selected.
Results: In the treatment of schizophrenia, the use of cannabinoids is of greatest interest due to the action of the preparations on the endocannabinoid system. In the treatment of ChaD, promising reports have been published on the therapy with aripiprazole and the need to improve its use in the treatment of both akathisia and agitation. Furthermore, from the fact that abnormalities of calcium signalling are considered a possible pathophysiological process in ChAD, it has been suggested that calcium channel L antagonists may be potential therapeutic agents in bipolar affective disorder. One study also demonstrated the potential use of vortioxetine in the treatment of patients with a depressive episode.
Conclusions: The results of recent studies on the treatment of schizophrenia and ChAD cited in this paper offer the prospect of creating treatment regimens that are more effective and targeted in the aforementioned diseases. However, further randomised trials are needed to confirm the effective use of the cited drugs in the treatment of these diseases.
OCENA STANU FUNKCJONALNEGO PACJENTÓW ZAKWALIFIKOWANYCH DO ZABIEGU ALLOPLASTYKI STAWU BIODROWEGO
Authors: Padewski Rafał , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja 
Published: September 2021

WSTĘP
Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawu biodrowego jest jednym z najczęściej występujących schorzeń obejmujących ten narząd. Zazwyczaj występuje ona u ludzi w przedziale wiekowym 50-80, jednak istnieje ryzyko jej wystąpienia u osób młodszych ze względu na czynniki predysponujące. Zmiany w stawie są nieodwracalne i jedynym sposobem na ich zatrzymanie jest odpowiednio dobrana rehabilitacja, a w późniejszym etapie, wykonanie alloplastyki stawu biodrowego. Zakres fizjoterapii obejmuje dziedziny takie jak kinezyterapia, fizykoterapia, terapia manualna oraz osteopatia.
Cel: 1.Ocena stanu klinicznego i funkcjonalnego pacjentów przed alloplastyką stawu biodrowego. 2.Określenie czynników wpływających na zwiększenie dysfunkcji kończyny dolnej. 3.Ocena bólu w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawu biodrowego.
Materiały i metody: W przeprowadzonym badaniu wzięło udział 46 osób zakwalifikowanych do zabiegu alloplastyki stawu biodrowego. Badanie obejmowało ocenę zakresu ruchomości przy pomocy inklinometru, ocenę siły mięśniowej według skali Lovetta oraz ocenę bólu wykorzystując skalę VAS.
Wyniki: W grupie badanej zaobserwowano największe zmiany w zmniejszeniu zakresu ruchomości zgięcia (p<0,05) oraz ruchu rotacji wewnętrznej (p<0,05). Zaobserwowano zmniejszenie zakresu ruchomości wyprostu, odwodzenia, przywodzenia oraz rotacji zewnętrznej, jednak wyniki nie były istotne statystycznie. Zmiany zwyrodnieniowe predysponują do zwiększenia dolegliwości bólowych (p<0,05). Siła mięśniowa pacjenta zmniejsza się wraz ze stopniem zaawansowania zmian zwyrodnieniowych (p<0,05). Zwiększenie dolegliwości bólowych wpływa na osłabienie siły mięśniowej (p<0,05).
Wnioski: 1.Pacjenci z coxarthrosis cechują się zmniejszonym zakresem ruchomości we wszystkich płaszczyznach ruchowych, w szczególności zgięciem i rotacją wewnętrzną. 2.Zmiany zwyrodnieniowe wpływają na obniżenie siły mięśniowej stawu biodrowego. 3.Dolegliwości bólowe zwiększają się wraz ze wzrostem zaawansowania choroby zwyrodnieniowej.
Overview of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Its Applications
Authors: Tripathi Purnendu S M , Kumar Ambuj , Chandra Ashok 
Published: September 2021

Since last decades world, predominantly urban areas, is experiencing huge voluminous road traffic growth, resulting in heavy congestion, air pollution, accidents, and poor efficiency. Many people every day are the victims of this poor management of tremendous traffic. Since many years, there had been some automation in managing the traffic namely Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), Electronic parking payment, normal traffic information etc. However, there are little efforts for making the system more advanced. Recently, several kinds of research are being launched by many countries to develop Intelligent Transport System (ITS), with the objectives to minimize congestion, ensure better safety, reduce air pollution etc. ITS are planned to establish robust communication between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle to network (V2N). Initially, for communication links ITS, deploys Wi-Fi network, but because of limited capacity and huge requirement, some links use 5.8 GHz radio frequency for such purposes. IEEE, International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and other advanced research organisations are studying 700 MHz band and mm frequency bands for advanced ITS. ITS is poised to use Information & Communication Technology (ICT) networks for such purposes. ITU has established Study Groups/study questions for addressing ITS issues. The World Radio Conference (WRC-2019) has made a Recommendation 208 regarding harmonization of frequency bands for ITS applications. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of ITS, its applications and analysis etc. The radio frequency spectrum aspects and role of 5 G in ITS are also described in detail.