bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Separation of Adjacent Rare Earths in One Step by Using Ion‐microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Song An‐Min , Yang Meng‐Jie , Wu Zhi , Yang Qing , Lin Bin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐purity rare earth (REEs) materials are key raw materials for the development of cutting‐edge technologies. However, due to similar physical and chemical properties, separating adjacent REEs from actual samples faces a formidable challenge. To overcome this challenge, an ion‐microporous metal–organic framework (ATZ‐BTC‐Zn; MOFs) is designed and synthesized, featuring densely packed nano‐trap pockets constructed from non‐coordinating carboxyl and amino groups. The synergistic effect of open nano‐trap pockets and suitable ions channel in ATZ‐BTC‐Zn is highly responsive to the size variation of lighter REEs. Notably, the configuration of Zn(H2O)62+ counterion in ATZ‐BTC‐Zn is similar to lanthanide hydrated ions (Ln(H2O)63+), facilitating the efficient ion exchange between them in the high‐speed ion transport channel. This accelerates the diffusion of REEs within the MOF pores, enhancing the utilization of active adsorption sites and promoting the efficient capture of adjacent REEs by nano‐traps. The binary model experiments show high separation factors for adjacent REEs (SFLa/Nd = 908, SFCe/La = 543), demonstrating efficient separation by ATZ‐BTC‐Zn in one step. This capability achieves the selective separation of adjacent REEs in tailings wastewater, providing a strategy to infer the compatibility between MOFs and REEs.
An Acidic Media Pump with Ga‐Based Liquid Metal
Authors: Wang Bingxing , Wang Qi , Wang Weichen , Jiang Xiaoying , Zhao Donglin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicropumps have an important influence on the field of microfluidics, with particular interest in pumps based on liquid metal that operate without mechanical moving parts. While previous research has primarily focused on pumping alkaline media, this article aims to advance the field by demonstrating a liquid metal pump suitable for acidic environments. A key strategy involves reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the surrounding solution through the addition of surface‐active anions (I−). Theoretical analysis first evaluates the effectiveness of this approach. These experimental results confirm that increasing KI concentrations leads to a decrease in interfacial tension, enabling the deformation and actuation of liquid metal droplets at lower voltages compared to acidic media alone. Subsequently, an acidic media pump is constructed, and various parameters influencing its performance are examined, including acidity, iodide anion concentration, voltage, frequency, and droplet volume. This research offers strategies for developing liquid metal pumps with high flow rates and low energy consumption, thereby expanding the application potential of liquid metal in microfluidics.
Smart Design of Targeted Drug Delivery System for Precise Drug Delivery and Visual Treatment of Brain Gliomas
Authors: Song Baoqin , Wu Mengru , Qin Lijing , Liang Wanjun , Wang Xiu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the treatment of glioma, which is one of the malignant tumors, although chemotherapy is used as the most common treatment method, it often suffers from low bioavailability. Therefore, improving the precision and efficiency of drugs is crucial in treating gliomas and a great challenge. Here, an advanced drug delivery system is reported for gliomas (CZQD@HA@DOX), which aggregates multiple features such as the susceptible imaging tracer property due to the use of CZQD and the targeting of HA to the receptor cluster 44 (CD44) of glioma cells, which provides the system with the functions of targeted enrichment and precise drug delivery at the tumor site. The pH‐responsive drug delivery system has not only an excellent encapsulation rate but also a high drug loading capacity, and the doxorubicin loaded on it can be released centrally at the tumor microenvironment site and causes an increase of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and trigger oxidative stress, which leads to high expression of Bax apoptotic proteins, ultimately activating the mitochondrial pathway‐mediated apoptotic process in glioma cells. Overall, this drug delivery system has great potential for application in precision targeted therapy and visual tracer imaging of gliomas.
Orbital Current Pumping From Ultrafast Light‐driven Antiferromagnetic Insulator
Authors: Huang Lin , Tian Da , Liao Liyang , Qiu Hongsong , Bai Hua , Wang Qian , Pan Feng , Zhang Caihong , Jin Biaobing , Song Cheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe orbital Hall effect originating from light materials with weak spin‐orbit coupling, has attracted considerable interest in spintronic applications. Recent studies demonstrate that orbital currents can be generated from charge currents through the orbital Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials. However, the generation of orbital currents in antiferromagnets has so far been elusive. In this work, this is experimentally observed that the generation of orbital currents from orbital dynamics in the antiferromagnetic insulator α‐Fe2O3 via terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy, a phenomenon known as orbital pumping. A significant increase in THz signal is obtained in α‐Fe2O3/Pt/CuOx heterostructure compared to that of α‐Fe2O3/Pt, with the maximum value occurring at a Pt thickness of 2 nm. The enhancement of the THz signal is attributed to the fact that magnons injected into Pt excite a coupled spin‐orbital current that flows toward the Pt/CuOx interface, aside from the spin‐to‐charge conversion in the Pt layer. The magnetoresistance contains the conventional spin‐Hall magnetoresistance contributed by the Pt layer and an additional orbital contribution from the Pt/CuOx interface. The Pt/CuOx interface generates an orbital current and absorbs the orbital accumulation, similar to the orbital‐Hall magnetoresistance. This finding provides a rich platform for orbital‐to‐charge conversion and opens an interdisciplinary field of antiferromagnetic orbitronics.
Enhanced Synaptic Memory Window and Linearity in Planar In2Se3 Ferroelectric Junctions
Authors: Jeon Yu‐Rim , Kim Dongyoon , Biswas Chandan , Ignacio Nicholas D , Carmichael Patrick , Feng Shaopeng , Lai Keji , Kim Dong‐Hwan , Akinwande Deji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA synaptic memristor using 2D ferroelectric junctions is a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing with ultra‐low power consumption, parallel computing, and adaptive scalable computing technologies. However, its utilization is restricted due to the limited operational voltage memory window and low on/off current (ION/OFF) ratio of the memristor devices. Here, it is demonstrated that synaptic operations of 2D In2Se3 ferroelectric junctions in a planar memristor architecture can reach a voltage memory window as high as 16 V (±8 V) and ION/OFF ratio of 108, significantly higher than the current literature values. The power consumption is 10−5 W at the on state, demonstrating low power usage while maintaining a large ION/OFF ratio of 108 compared to other ferroelectric devices. Moreover, the developed ferroelectric junction mimicked synaptic plasticity through pulses in the pre‐synapse. The nonlinearity factors are obtained 1.25 for LTP, −0.25 for LTD, respectively. The single‐layer perceptron (SLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) on‐chip training results in an accuracy of up to 90%, compared to the 91% in an ideal synapse device. Furthermore, the incorporation of a 3 nm thick SiO2 interface between the α‐In2Se3 and the Au electrode resulted in ultrahigh performance among other 2D ferroelectric junction devices to date.
Toward Realistic Full Cells with Protected Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes: the Effect of an Adaptive Self‐healing Artificial SEI
Authors: Burger Stephan , Skrotzki Julian , Büttner Jan , Beichel Witali , Klose Petra , Welle Alexander , Fischer Anna , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe application of an artificial LiBFEP‐SEI on thin 48 µm Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes (LiBFEP = Li[O2P(OCH2CF3)2]; SEI = solid electrolyte interphase) induces improved plating/stripping of lithium at the interphase with an almost doubling of the lifetime for Li–Li symmetrical cells. Four lithium‐fluoroalkylphosphates other than LiBFEP are tested, but all perform inferior to the control. Lithium‐metal full cells with various NMC‐cathodes and LP57 standard electrolyte are employed to confirm the superior performance of the LiBFEP artificial SEI (LP57 = 1 m Li[PF6] in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate 3:7 wt%). A tripling of the cell lifetime is observed using realistic cell‐cycle parameters. The stabilization of the modified anodes is evidenced by SEM‐EDX, ToF‐SIMS, PEIS measurements and led to an improved anode structure. The performance of the artificial SEI is further improved with the introduction of a novel low‐concentration and low‐polarity electrolyte (0.2 m lithium perfluoroalkoxyaluminate (Li[Al(ORF)4]; RF = C(CF3)3) in 1,2‐difluorobenzene). Cycling is sustained over 350 cycles with realistic conditions at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 and 48 µm thin Lithium‐Metal‐Anodes. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how the artificial LiBFEP‐SEI influences the performance of Lithium‐Metal‐Battery full cells, confirming the simplicity/effectiveness of the immersion process for the LiBFEP‐coating.
Doped‐NiOx Seed Layer on Textured Substrates for Low‐Loss Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Ziyue , Lee Minwoo , Tian Ruoming , Patterson Robert , Wang Yu , Qian Chen , Sun Kaiwen , Liu Ziheng , Yun Jae Sung , Xu Menglei , Zhang Xinyu , Jin Hao , Green Martin , He Mingrui , Li Zhen , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFurther improvements in photocurrent are essential to unlock higher efficiencies in inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While the use of textured substrates has proven successful in normal structure (n‐i‐p) devices to improve photocurrent, applying the same approach to p‐i‐n architecture is challenging due to difficulties in depositing ultra‐thin self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on uneven surfaces. To overcome this limitation, a rubidium‐based ammonia treatment for nickel oxide seed layers is proposed. This strategy enhances the surface homogeneity of hole‐transporting layers on textured substrates, facilitates perovskite defect passivation, and improves SAM anchoring, collectively enhancing hole extraction and suppressing non‐radiative recombination. As a result, the optimized PSCs achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.66% with a fill factor of 86.35% and demonstrates excellent long‐term stability, retaining 95% of their initial PCE after 1,000 hours following ISOS‐L‐2I protocol. Moreover, the scalability of this approach is validated with a 1 cm2 active area device, achieving a PCE of 23.90%. These findings highlight the potential of the strategy to address key challenges in PSC interfaces and advance the commercial viability of high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics.
A Vanillin‐Derived Inhibitor of Aggregates via Targeting Intrinsically Disordered Regions of Phytoviral Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Wang Yanju , Luo Yuqin , Li Xin , Chen Feifei , Zhang Xingjie , Yu Lu , Song Runjiang , Song Baoan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPhase separation (PS) plays a fundamental role in organizing aggregates during the viral lifecycle, providing significant opportunities for in viral disease treatment by inhibiting PS. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) have been extensively studied and found to be critical for PS. However, the discovery of small molecules that target residues within IDRs remains underexplored, particularly in the field of pesticides. Herein, we report a novel phytovirucide compound 29, which was screened from a series of vanillin derivatives designed with sulfonylpiperazine motifs. The inactivation efficacy of compound 29 against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was significantly superior to that of the control agents vanisulfane and ribavirin. Mechanistically, compound 29 binds to the TSWV nucleocapsid protein (NP) at residues Lys68 (K68), Thr92 (T92), and Arg94 (R94), with T92 and R94 located in the IDRs of NP. Mutations at these sites impair the ability to form aggregates. Furthermore, a host factor, GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate)‐binding nuclear protein Ran‐like (Niben101scf08341g01001, NbRANL), which interacts with NP and promotes its aggregation, was identified. Compound 29 also suppresses the expression of NbRANL, resulting in the dual inhibition of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) formation. This unique mechanism of action provides insights into IDRs‐based virucide discovery.
3D Multilayer Folding of Chiral and Achiral Targets Cotaining Aryl‐Aryl‐Alkynyl Motifs Enabled by π‐π Stacking
Authors: Ur Rahman Anis , Zarshad Nighat , Zhang Sai , Ahmad Farooq , Li Guigen , Ali Asad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract3D multi‐layered achiral and chiral compounds containing aryl‐aryl‐alkenyl motifs are considered crucial for achieving planarity via π.π stacking, enhanced stability by conjugation, improved optoelectronic properties and receptor binding capabilities. By taking advantage of palladium (0) catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions, newly designed atropisomerically 3D multi‐layered achiral and chiral compounds have been synthesized successfully synthesized that leverage center‐to‐multilayer chirality. These compounds were obtained in overall yields of 27 % to 89 % through flash column chromatography, and comprehensively characterized with their absolute configurations confirmed using X‐ray structural analysis. Utilizing readily available commercial starting materials, fourteen distinct diastereomers with multilayer chirality were successfully synthesized in a seven‐step process, along with fifteen achiral multilayered targets achieved in five steps. This research will open new avenues in the fields of atropisomeric drug designing, bio‐sensing and circularly polarised luminescence materials.
A 17.73 % Solar‐To‐Hydrogen Efficiency with Durably Active Catalyst in Stable Photovoltaic‐Electrolysis Seawater System
Authors: Gao Yong , Xu Yunyun , Guo Hu , Li Jingjing , Ding Lingling , Wang Tao , He Jianping , Chang Kun , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping durably active catalysts to tackle harsh voltage polarization and seawater corrosion is pivotal for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion, yet remains a challenge. We report a durably active catalyst of NiCr‐layered double hydroxide (RuldsNiCr‐LDH) with highly exposed Ni−O−Ru units, in which low‐loading Ru (0.32 wt %) is locked precisely at defect lattice site (Rulds) by Ni and Cr. The Cr site electron equilibrium reservoir and Cl− repulsion by intercalated CO32− ensure the highly durable activity of Ni−O−Ru units. The RuldsNiCr‐LDH‖RuldsNiCr‐LDH electrolyzer based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM‐WE) shows ultrastable seawater electrolysis at 1000 mA cm−2. Employing RuldsNiCr‐LDH both as anode and cathode, a photovoltaic‐electrolysis seawater system achieves a 17.73 % STH efficiency, corresponding photovoltaic‐to‐hydrogen (PVTH) efficiency is 72.37 %. Further, we elucidate the dynamic evolutionary mechanism involving the interfacial water dissociation‐oxidation, establishing the correlation between the dynamic behavior of interfacial water with the kinetics, activity of RuldsNiCr‐LDH catalytic water electrolysis. Our work is a breakthrough step for achieving economically scalable production of green hydrogen.
Precise Supramolecular Nanoarchitectonics for Simultaneous Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis in a Co‐Assembly by a Biomimetic Isolation‐Conduction Strategy
Authors: Gao Zhao , Sun Jianxiang , Shi Lulu , Yuan Wei , Yan Hongxia , Tian Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLimited by the two mutually exclusive physicochemical processes of separation and recombination of photogenerated carriers, achieving photoluminescence and photocatalysis simultaneously is extremely challenging but essential for ever‐growing complex issues and specialized scenarios. Here we proposed a biomimetic isolation‐conduction strategy induced by an arene‐perfluoroarene (A−P) interaction for enabling photoluminescence and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in the co‐assembly of aromatic monomers and octafluoronapthalene (OFN). Inspired by the isolation‐conduction effect of periodic isolation of myelin sheaths on the axons of vertebrate nerve fibers by node of Ranvier, we use OFN as a molecular isolator embedded in the aromatic monomers array to block the singlet‐to‐triplet pathway, while the enlarged intermolecular dipoles resulting from the A−P interactions facilitate the conduction of photogenerated carriers in the isolated regions. The resultant co‐assembly exhibits an enhanced monomeric green emission compared to the corresponding monocomponent self‐assembly with weak red emission. Meanwhile, it also has an enhanced photocatalytic HER performance with a rate of 2.45 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 15.2 times more than the self‐assembled one. On this basis, a sequential fluoric wastewater reuse system that includes real‐time fluorescence detection/removal of perfluorooctanoic acids and photocatalytic HER device is constructed.
Climate Change Impacts and Future Risk on UK Seahorse Species, Short‐Snouted Hippocampus hippocampus and Long‐Snouted Hippocampus guttulatus
Authors: Pearce Reagan H.  , Selley Hazel  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor the two European seahorse species, the short‐snouted Hippocampus hippocampus and the long‐snouted Hippocampus guttulatus, there are knowledge gaps that need further research. These research gaps become increasingly pressing under climate change, where uncertainty in how coastal ecosystems will change is compounded by uncertainty in how these seahorses will respond to changing pressures. Under climate change, these species could experience northward range shifts, expanding their range in United Kingdom (UK) coastal waters, potentially requiring the UK to take a leadership role in European seahorse conservation in the future. This review aims to synthesise current scientific research to provide an overview of how these seahorse species are likely to respond to climate change. Using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), predictions for future change along with the likelihood and severity of seahorse species response are combined to provide a confidence ranking in the climate change risk for these species in the UK. When considering individual factors, such as sea surface temperature, these seahorse species show some resilience, but climate change is the cumulative impact of multiple stressors, which existing research has not been able to capture. Overall, further research on seahorse response to environmental variables is needed across Europe.
Modified Imidazole‐Phenol‐Based ESIPT Fluorophores as Self‐Absorption Free Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Petdee Sujinda , Rueantong Kasin , Arunlimsawat Suangsiri , Itsoponpan Teerapat , Saenubol Atthapon , Janthakit Pattarapapa , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules are promising fluorophores for various applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronic devices. Particularly, their self‐absorption‐free fluorescence properties would make them a perfect choice as emissive materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nevertheless, to become effective emitters some of their properties need to be altered by structural modifications. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of new ESIPT molecules (2PImBzP, 2ImBzP, and 2FImBzP) by functionalization of imidazole‐phenol‐based ESIPT cores with electron‐deficient benzo[d]thiazole and various ambipolar imidazole moieties (1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PIm), 1,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazole (Im), and (4,5‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole (FIm)), respectively. Each molecule displays a complete ESIPT process with intense green emissions from a pure keto form and high solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) of 65–80 %. These fluorophores with superior thermal stability and balanced charge carrier mobility are effectively employed as non‐doped emitters in OLEDs. The non‐doped devices emit greenish lights with high brightness, high current efficiency (CE) (10.95–17.66 cd A−1), and low turn‐on voltages (2.8–2.9 V). The electroluminescence purely originates from the emission of the keto tautomer of the emissive layers. Specifically, the 2PImBzP‐based non‐doped OLED stands out by achieving a remarkable brightness of 56,220 cd m−2, a CE of up to 17.66 cd A−1, and an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.65 % with a slight efficiency roll‐off.
A Preplanned Multi‐Stage Platform Trial for Discovering Multiple Superior Treatments With Control of FWER and Power
Authors: Greenstreet Peter , Jaki Thomas , Bedding Alun , Mozgunov Pavel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in the implementation of platform trials, which provide the flexibility to incorporate new treatment arms during the trial and the ability to halt treatments early based on lack of benefit or observed superiority. In such trials, it can be important to ensure that error rates are controlled. This paper introduces a multi‐stage design that enables the addition of new treatment arms, at any point, in a preplanned manner within a platform trial, while still maintaining control over the family‐wise error rate. This paper focuses on finding the required sample size to achieve a desired level of statistical power when treatments are continued to be tested even after a superior treatment has already been found. This may be of interest if there are treatments from different sponsors which are also superior to the current control or multiple doses being tested. The calculations to determine the expected sample size is given. A motivating trial is presented in which the sample size of different configurations is studied. In addition, the approach is compared to running multiple separate trials and it is shown that in many scenarios if family‐wise error rate control is needed there may not be benefit in using a platform trial when comparing the sample size of the trial.
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles From Fissidens Species and Its Biological Applications
Authors: Anushiya Periyathambi , Pavithra Ravi , Poonkothai Mani , Sanjupriya Senthilvel , Geethamala Gunaseelan Vivekananth , Swathilakshmi Ammapettai Varanavasu , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad Khalid , Srinivasan Palanisamy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study was performed to synthesize eco‐friendly nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) from the aqueous extract of Fissidens species (FS) and explore its biological activities. Phytochemicals, namely, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and phenols, were present in the aqueous extract of Fissidens sp. The UV–Vis and FT‐IR analyses of FS‐NiONPs revealed a prominent peak at 392 nm, along with functional groups that facilitate the formation of FS‐NiONPs. XRD spectrum confirmed the crystalline nature and SEM with EDX depicted the irregular, aggregated clusters and purity of FS‐NiONPs. The photocatalytic activity against RB94 was achieved within 20 min with maximum decolorization efficiency (93%). The experimental data of adsorption studies fitted well with Langmuir isotherm, showcasing the monolayer adsorption of RB94 through chemisorption process. The thermodynamic study revealed that the dye removal was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. The results of antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity study revealed the potentiality of FS‐NiONPs in clinical and agricultural applications. Hence, this study emphasizes the eco‐friendly synthesis of FS‐NiONPs and highlights its decolorization potential, antimicrobial activity and growth promoting properties.