bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HCV and Autoimmunity in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Altomare Alberto , Corrado Addolorata , Maruotti Nicola , Cici Daniela , Cantatore Francesco Paolo 
Published: August 2021

:HCV is a global health problem affecting mainly the liver and is often characterized by extrahepatic manifestations mediated by autoimmune reactions. Among these, arthritis and arthralgia are most frequent, as well as the presence of cryoglobulinemia that may induce vasculitis and sicca syndrome. Thus, HCV appears to be a trigger for an autoimmune response, as demonstrated by the finding of autoantibody in a high percentage of serum of these patients. Therefore, it is important that clinicians recognize these autoimmune manifestations as symptoms due to an autoimmune activity triggered by HCV in order to give the correct diagnosis and start an effective therapeutic strategy. Therefore, clinical examination, searching of markers of infection, as well as autoantibody patterns should be performed to make a correct differential diagnosis. The treatment should be based on antiviral drugs associated with immunosuppressive drugs according to autoimmune manifestations.
Practical Review of Mechanical Ventilation in Adults and Children in the
Operating Room and Emergency Department
Authors: Zanza Christian , Longhitano Yaroslava , Leo Mirco , Romenskaya Tatsiana , Franceschi Francesco , Piccioni Andrea , Pabon Ingrid M. , Santarelli Maria T. , Racca Fabrizio 
Published: August 2021

Background:
During general anesthesia, mechanical ventilation can cause pulmonary
damage through mechanism of ventilator-induced lung injury, which is a major cause of post-operative
pulmonary complications, which varies between 5 and 33% and increases the 30-day mortality
of the surgical patient significantly.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to analyze different variables which played a key role in the
safe application of mechanical ventilation in the operating room and emergency setting.

Method:
Also, we wanted to analyze different types of the population that underwent intraoperative
mechanical ventilation like obese patients, pediatric and adult population and different strategies
such as one lung ventilation and ventilation in trendelemburg position. The peer-reviewed articles
analyzed were selected according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews
and Meta-Analyses) from Pubmed/Medline, Ovid/Wiley and Cochrane Library, combining
key terms such as: “pulmonary post-operative complications”, “protective ventilation”, “alveolar recruitment
maneuvers”, “respiratory compliance”, “intraoperative paediatric ventilation”, “best
peep”, “types of ventilation”. Among the 230 papers identified, 150 articles were selected, after title
- abstract examination and removing the duplicates, resulting in 94 articles related to mechanical
ventilation in operating room and emergency setting that were analyzed.

Results:
Careful preoperative patient’s evaluation and protective ventilation (i.e., use of low tidal
volumes, adequate PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuvers) has been shown to be effective not
only in limiting alveolar de-recruitment, alveolar overdistension and lung damage, but also in reducing
the onset of Pulmonary Post-operative Complications (PPCs).

Conclusion:
Mechanical ventilation is like “Janus Bi-front” because it is essential for surgical procedures,
for the care of critical care patients and in life-threatening conditions, but it can be harmful
to the patient if continued for a long time and where an excessive dose of oxygen is administered
into the lungs. Low tidal volume is associated with a minor rate of PPCs and other complications
and every complication can increase the length of Stay, adding cost to NHS between 1580 €
and 1650 € per day in Europe and currently the prevention of PPCS is the only weapon that we possess.
Chenopodium quinoa Exhibits Antihyperglycemic Activity in Streptozotocin-
induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Azzane Amine , Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Chenopodium
quinoa.

Background:
Chenopodium quinoa is a pseudocereal plant with several medicinal properties.

Objective:
The goal of this investigation was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of
Chenopodium quinoa in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
In this study, the effect of the aqueous extract of Chenopodium quinoa seeds (AECQS)
(60 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was evaluated in both normal and diabetic rats after a single (6
hours) and repeated oral administration (7 days of treatment). The effect of this herb on glucose tolerance
and lipid profile was also studied. Additionally, histopathological examination of the liver
was carried out using the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity
as well as, preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification of some secondary metabolites
(phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins) were performed according to standard methods.

Results:
AECQS produced a significant lowering effect on plasma glucose levels in STZ-induced
diabetic rats. In addition, this extract exhibited a remarkable amelioration on hepatic histopathology
in diabetic rats. In addition, the extract exerted a remarkable antioxidant activity which could be
due to the presence of some compounds found in this herb.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the aqueous extract of Chenopodium quinoa
seeds has a favorable effect in controlling diabetes mellitus.
Feasibility and Outcomes of Left Main to Branch Vessel PCI with Novel Tapered Coronary Stent in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Real World Experience
Authors: Raghu T.R. , Raj V.A. Sathwik , Kharge J. , Setty H.S. Natraj , Patil Rahul S. , Manjunath C.N. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To assess the safety and efficacy of Novel tapered (BioMime™ Morph) sirolimus-
eluting stent (SES) for left main PCI in a real-world scenario.

Background:
Currently, no data is available on clinical usefulness of tapered ultrathin stents in left
main PCI.

Methods:
This was a prospective, non-randomised, single centre study carried out between February
2018 and May 2020 at a tertiary cardiac care centre in southern India. The study included patients
treated with BioMime Morph tapered stent for distal de novo LMB lesion or ostial LAD/LCX
lesions with significant size disparity between reference segments based on the eligibility criteria.
Primary endpoint of the study was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular
events (MACE) composed of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target-lesion
revascularisation at follow-up.

Results:
A total of 41 patients (average age of 54.83±9.81 years) were included in the study. Average
SS-2 score was 23.17±5.42. Majority of the lesions (n=31; 75.61%) were of medina class
(0.1.0). Provisional single stent strategy was adopted for treatment of LMB lesions. TIMI flow-3
was achieved in 40 patients (97.56%). Median clinical follow-up was 20 months (range 6-34
months). There was no periprocedural complication or MACE during follow-up.

Conclusion:
Tapered stents may be an acceptable alternative for LM intervention in an anatomical
subset of patients with tapered vessels.
Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Diabetes: Systematic Review
Authors: Wee Priscilla Jia Ling , Kwan Yu Heng , Loh Dionne Hui Fang , Phang Jie Kie , Puar Troy H , Østbye Truls , Thumboo Julian , Yoon Sungwon , Low Lian Leng 
Published: August 2021

Background
The management of diabetes is complex. There is growing recognition of the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as a standardized method of obtaining an outlook on patients’ functional status and well-being. However, no systematic reviews have summarized the studies that investigate the measurement properties of diabetes PROMs.

Objective
Our aims were to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the measurement properties of diabetes PROMs by evaluating the methodological quality and overall level of evidence of these PROMs and to categorize them based on the outcome measures assessed.

Methods
This study was guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Relevant articles were retrieved from the Embase, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases. The PROMs were evaluated with the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) guidelines.

Results
A total of 363 articles evaluating the measurement properties of PROMs for diabetes in the adult population were identified, of which 238 unique PROMs from 248 studies reported in 209 articles were validated in the type 2 diabetes population. PROMs with at least a moderate level of evidence for ≥5 of 9 measurement properties include the Chinese version of the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (C-PDQ), Diabetes Self-Management Instrument Short Form (DSMI-20), and Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale in Hong Kong primary care patients (C-ITAS-HK), of which the C-PDQ has a “sufficient (+)” rating for >4 measurement properties. A total of 43 PROMs meet the COSMIN guidelines for recommendation for use.

Conclusions
This study identified and synthesized evidence for the measurement properties of 238 unique PROMs for patients with type 2 diabetes and categorized the PROMs according to their outcome measures. These findings may assist clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate high-quality PROMs for clinical practice and research.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020180978; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020180978.
Escuela de Antropología e Historia del Norte de México. Una década desde el norte
Authors: Calderon Carrillo Daniel 
Published: August 2021

<p>Una década ha pasado desde que se creó la Escuela de Antropología e Historia del Norte de México (eahnm), el trabajo realizado en la construcción de una institución académica dedicada a la formación de antropólogos continúa al día de hoy, asentada en una zona geográficamente alejada de las universidades y centros de investigación que llevan años formando especialistas y profesionistas en esta ciencia no ha sido sencillo, el trabajo ha sido basto, complicado, pero poco a poco está dando frutos en un territorio en que los jóvenes estudian principalmente ingenierías, derecho, contaduría y medicina. En la actualidad, la eahnm está propiciando una oferta académica que da lugar a estudiantes interesados en disciplinas con una visión social, cultural y biológica. </p><div> </div>
Two-Stage TURP as an Option for Treatment of Large Prostates in Resource Poor Environments
Authors: Mbaeri Timothy U. , Odo Chinonso , Nwadi Uchenna V. , Eze Balantine U. 
Published: August 2021

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard of surgical therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for prostates <100 ml. This study was carried out to describe our experience with and outcome of staged TURP for large prostates (>100 ml). A review of the records of all the patients who underwent staged TURP for large BPH at a specialist urology center. They had two-stage monopolar resection using a size 26F continuous flow resectoscope and 5% Dextrose water irrigation. Staged-TURP were performed by a single Consultant Urologist under spinal anesthesia. Patients’ age, Co-morbidities, Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA), Abdominal Ultrasound scan (USS) estimated prostate volume, Pre-operative Packed Cell Volume (Pre-op PCV), Post-operative Packed Cell Volume (Post-op PCV), Resection Weight for 1st stage (RW I), Resection Weight for 2nd stage (RW II), Resection Time for 1st stage (RT I), Resection Time for 2nd stage (RT II), blood transfusion were obtained and analyzed. Follow up was for a minimum of 9 months and the outcome and development of complications noted. Statistical analysis was done using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Means and percentages were calculated, and paired sample T test was used to compare variables between 1st stage and 2nd stage. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Twenty-five patients with a mean age of 72.32±7.98 years were analyzed. Most (88%) were on indwelling Foley’s urethral catheter before surgery. The mean PSA and prostate volume were 25.61±22.08 ng/ml and 221.56±62.78 cm3. There were significant differences between Pre-op PCV and Post-op PCV (p<0.001); RWI and RWII (p<0.001); and RTI and RTII (p<0.001). Nineteen patients (76%) received perioperative transfusion. Most patients voided satisfactorily following catheter removal except one who developed acute urinary retention (AUR). No cases of TUR syndrome, post-operative sepsis, DVT or PE and urethral stricture were recorded. Staged TURP is safe and effective treatment modality for patients with large prostates in the absence of more recent endoscopic options.
Informed Consent in Surgical Practice in Port Harcourt: How Informed are the Patients?
Authors: Wichendu Promise N. , Ijah Rex Friday Ogoronte A. , Aaron Friday E. , Dimoko Alexander A. , Dayi Joy O. , Eleke Ebimie M. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain the opinion of patients on counselling of the surgical patient in tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt in the months of May and June 2020.
Background: Counseling of the surgical patient is a dynamic process and its scope which is individualized should arm the patient with information on the purpose and nature of the disease and treatment, etc.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty respondents were recruited for this cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the wards and specialist surgical out-patient clinics of Teaching Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria between the months of May and June 2020 using semi-structured questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.
Results: Two hundred and twenty-five (53.6%) respondents asserted that they had counselling sessions for the surgical operation, 108 (25.7%) respondents opined that they did not have counselling session, while 87 (20.7%) were not sure if they had or not. Forty-five (10.7%) respondents asserted that the surgeons carried out the counselling. Only, 227 (54.0%) of the respondents affirmed that they were satisfied with the counselling sessions, while 104 (24.8%) respondents asserted that there was no counselling session at all.
Conclusion: The opinion of patients on the counselling service experience is not entirely satisfactory. There is need for closer attention to be paid to issues of counselling of the surgical patient in order to ensure the full benefits of the services rendered.
Soft Tissue Facial Profile Changes Associated with Incisors Retraction
Authors: Al-Shakhs Ayman Salman , Hashim Hayder Abdallah 
Published: August 2021

Background: The general tendency of facial soft tissue response toward incisors retraction could be expected in various malocclusions. However, different initial malocclusion no doubt leads to differences in this response.
Material and method: This retrospective study consisted of thirty-seven pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalographs belongs to adolescent female with mean age of 15.03 years. The twenty-four landmarks (skeletal, dental, soft tissue) were located and horizontal and vertical reference planes were used. Sixteen linear and six angular measurements were evaluated statistically. The pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were superimposed on best fit cribriform plate of the ethmoid to analyze soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment.
Results: The three methods of error indicated that measurements were valid and reliable. The Labrale superius retraction exhibited the best predictability among upper lip components (Sn, Ss), whereas the lower lip showed better predictability and correlation than the upper lip. The upper and the lower lips revealed relatively similar mean retraction value (2.92 mm) and (2.6 mm) although the upper incisors retracted more (5.25 mm) than the lower incisors (2.86 mm).
Conclusion: The upper incisors to Labrale superius ratio (1.99:1, UIP:Ls) exhibited the highest correlation (r=0.55**) among the other established ratios. The lower incisors to Labrale inferius ratio was (1.13:1, LIP: Is) with significant correlation (r=0.44**), whereas no significant correlation was observed with Labrale superius (r=0.27).
Characteristics and Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 in Resident Physicians at a Mexico City Teaching Hospital
Authors: Azcorra-Lopez Jessica G. , Reyna-Figueroa Jesus , Luna-Rivera Eva M. , Cabañas-Espinosa Berenice , Esquivel-Torruco Yamile N. , Bejarano-Juvera Arely A. , Bustamante-Flores Aditi K. , Aguilar-Martinez Naomi , Lopez-Herrera Daniel , Arce-Salinas Cesar A. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals have been busy controlling their spread among healthcare workers, including resident doctors. We seek to characterize and know the transmission dynamics of the SARS-COV-2 infection in the personnel of our hospital.
Methodology: 204 resident physicians were followed up, in three parts: Part 1. Training, Part 2. follow-up through the WhatsApp application, Part 3. case-control study; looking for risk factors.
The statistical analysis was carried out using measures of central tendency and dispersion, comparison of proportions and rates. As well as the calculation of the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval; p <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 66 resident physicians were included, 31.8% had a positive result. The mean age was 28.9. The most frequent clinical manifestation was myalgia (66.6%), followed by headache (47%). When comparing with symptomatic resident physicians, with a negative test, there was a significant difference in arthralgia (p = 0.01) and dyspnea (0.05).
Noncompliance with training (OR 7.0; 95% CI 2.2-26 and p = 0.000) was significant as a risk factor for infection.
Conclusions: Resident physicians must be mostly supervised during infection prevention and containment training.
Clinical Correlations of Posttraumatic Nightmares in Survivors of Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Velamoor Varadaraj R. , Mann Stephan C. , Litman Larry C. 
Published: August 2021

Background: We evaluated the severity and clinical correlates of nightmares of persons injured in high impact motor vehicle accidents (MVAs).
Method: De-identified data of 80 post-MVA patients (mean age 38.9 years, SD=12.8) were available and included scores on Item 2 of the PCL-5 (severity of repeated, disturbing dreams of the stressful event). Scores were also available on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Morin’s Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), Whiplash Disability Questionnaire, and on three questionnaire measures of driving anxiety (Steiner’s, Whetstone’s, and DAQ). The patients were assessed, on the average, 49.7 weeks (SD=36.3) after their MVA; all still experienced active post-MVA symptoms requiring therapy.
Results: Clinically relevant levels of MVA nightmares were reported by 62.5% of post-MVA patients. Subjectively more aversive levels of MVA nightmares correlated with higher driving anxiety as measured by the Whetstone questionnaire and DAQ, with higher levels of average post-accident pain and insomnia, with post-accident neuropsychological symptoms as measured by the Rivermead and SNPSS, and with higher post-accident levels of depression, anger, and generalized anxiety.
Discussion and Conclusions: Almost two-thirds of our post-MVA patients reported MVA nightmares and their level of subjectively aversive impact correlated with most variables within the typical polytraumatic symptom pattern of these patients.
Analysis of 5 Floors Brick Masonry Building Type 77/5
Authors: Koka Petraq , Vesho Nikolla , Shehu Fabion 
Published: August 2021

The study below presents the main results of numerical analyzes, performed to assess the seismic response of an existing building, with brick masonry, type 77/5. This building is part of the group of 4-5 residential buildings, built in the years 1975-1990, considered as a “TYPE”, each of which was used many times for identical buildings.
This project is the result of a collective work of the Design Institute, approved by the Ministry of Construction of that time, and of course, manifests the time limitations and shortcomings.
While these 5-story buildings cover a significant percentage of residential buildings, the fundamental question is: “Are these buildings safe under seismic action, while so many families are accommodated on them?”
This question stems from the following limitation:
- The 77/5 plan derives from regular forms, based on the recommendations of Eurocode 8 [4.2.3.2], p.48, and KTP.N.2-89 (Technical Design Conditions), published by the Academy of Sciences of Albania.
- The technical literature provides recommendations and restrictions for masonry buildings with a height of not more than 3 floors. When they exceed this height, they are not included in these recommendations.
Association between Bone Mineral Density and Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Muraduzzaman S. M. , Begum S. , Ali S. , Sultana S. , Saiedullah M. , Alam F. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a common disorder in the elderly and found to be most prevalent in postmenopausal women which are thought to be associated with several factors including hypertension, however, results are inconsistent in different studies.
Aim of the study: This study aimed to explore the association between BMD and hypertension in postmenopausal women.
Methods and materials: In this study, total 76 postmenopausal women were included. BMD was determined at the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Anthropometric data and status of hypertension and diabetes were collected according to a pre-structured questioner.
Results: Age (mean±SD) of the postmenopausal women was 57±9 years. Among them, 46 (60.5%) subjects were hypertensive and 30 (39.5%) were normotensive. Bone mineral density (g/cm2) in normotensive women and in hypertensive women were 0.79±0.15 vs 0.74±0.15 (p=0.160) at lumbar spine; 0.70±0.12 vs 0.69±0.13 (p=0.271) at right femoral neck and 0.73±0.15 vs 0.71±0.13 (p=0.592), respectively. T-scores at lumbar spine, right and left femoral neck in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal women were -2.28±1.37 vs -2.75±1.35 (p=0.153), -1.70±1.16 vs -1.95±1.07 (p=0.363) and -1.82±0.95 vs -1.93±1.01 (p=0.632) respectively. On multiple regression analysis, BMD and T-score only at lumbar spine showed inverse association with hypertension (β=-0.069, p=0.045; β=-0.612, p=0.050) on adjusting confounding variables.
Conclusion: Hypertension is independently associated with BMD and T-score measured from the lumbar spine but not with BMD and T-score measured from the femoral neck in postmenopausal women.