bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrolyte Salt Chemistry Enables 3D Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual‐Doped Graphene Aerogels for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Xinran , Dong Xiaoyu , Xing Zheng , Nie Chuanhao , Zheng Guojun , Ju Zhicheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attentions for scalable electrical energy storage owing to the abundant K resources. Heteroatom co‐doped hard carbon is considered to be a reliable material to boost ion transport and provide active sites for reversible potassium storage. Herein, N/P dual‐doped 3D graphene aerogels (NPGAs) with hierarchical pores, enlarged interlayer distance, and high doping level are successfully synthesized, which exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance for PIBs. A detailed comparative study found that promoted coulombic efficiency, improved specific capacity (507 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent cycle performance (106 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1 after 3000 cycles) can be reached by replacing KPF6 with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI). Further kinetic analysis reveals that NPGAs present more capacitive behavior of K‐ion, low resistance, and fast K‐ion conductivity by virtue of the advanced solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formed in KFSI‐EC/DEC electrolyte. Ex situ XPS, SEM, and TEM all confirm a physical flexible, chemical stable, and inorganic SEI layer formed on the surface of the electrode. In general, this work promotes a deep understanding of the mechanism of potassium storage and provides more opportunities for practical PIBs.
Intelligent Molybdenum Disulfide Complexes as a Platform for Cooperative Imaging‐Guided Tri‐Mode Chemo‐Photothermo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Wei , Xiao Tingting , Li Du , Fan Yu , Xing Lingxi , Wang Xipeng , Li Yulin , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDesign of new nanoplatforms that integrates multiple imaging and therapeutic components for precision cancer nanomedicine remains to be challenging. Here, a facile strategy is reported to prepare polydopamine (PDA)‐coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes as a nanocarrier to load dual drug cisplatin (Pt) and 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT) for precision tumor theranostics. Preformed MoS2 nanoflakes are coated with PDA, modified with methoxy‐polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐amine, and loaded with 1‐MT and Pt. The formed functional 1‐MT‐Pt‐PPDA@MoS2 (the second P stands for PEG) complexes exhibit good colloidal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency (47.9%), dual pH‐, and photothermal‐sensitive drug release profile, and multimodal thermal, computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging capability. Due to the respective components of Pt, MoS2, and 1‐MT that can block the immune checkpoint associated to tumoral indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐induced tryptophan metabolism, tri‐mode chemo‐photothermo‐immunotherapy of tumors can be realized. In particular, under the near infrared laser irradiation, fast release of both drugs can be facilitated to achieve cooperative tumor therapy effect, and the combined immunogenic cell death induced by the dual‐mode chemo‐photothermo treatment and the 1‐MT‐induced immune checkpoint blockade can boost enhanced antitumor immune response to generate significant cytotoxic T cells for tumor killing. The developed 1‐MT‐Pt‐PPDA@MoS2 complexes may be used as an intelligent nanoplatform for cooperative precision imaging‐guided combinational tumor therapy.
Robust, Long‐Term, and Exceptionally Sensitive Microneedle‐Based Bioimpedance Sensor for Precision Farming
Authors: Bukhamsin Abdullah , Moussi Khalil , Tao Ran , Lubineau Gilles , Blilou Ikram , Salama Khaled Nabil , Kosel Jürgen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecision farming has the potential to increase global food production capacity whilst minimizing traditional inputs. However, the adoption and impact of precision farming are contingent on the availability of sensors that can discern the state of crops, while not interfering with their growth. Electrical impedance spectroscopy offers an avenue for nondestructive monitoring of crops. To that end, it is reported on the deployment of impedimetric sensors utilizing microneedles (MNs) that can be used to pierce the waxy exterior of plants to obtain sensitive impedance spectra in open‐air settings with an average relative noise value of 3.83%. The sensors are fabricated using a novel micromolding and release method that is compatible with UV photocurable and thermosetting polymers. Assessments of the quality of the MNs under scanning electron microscopy show that the replication process is high in fidelity to the original design of the master mold and that it can be used for upward of 20 replication cycles. The sensor's performance is validated against conventional planar sensors for obtaining the impedance values of Arabidopsis thaliana. As a change is detected in impedance due to lighting and hydration, this raises the possibility for their widespread use in precision farming.
3D Printable and Biocompatible Iongels for Body Sensor Applications
Authors: Luque Gisela C. , Picchio Matías L. , Martins Ana P. S. , Dominguez‐Alfaro Antonio , Ramos Nicolás , del Agua Isabel , Marchiori Bastien , Mecerreyes David , Minari Roque J. , Tomé Liliana C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoft‐ionic materials with biocompatibility and 3D printability are needed to develop next‐generation devices to interface between electronic and biological signals. Herein, thermoreversible and biocompatible ionic liquid gels or iongels, which can be processed by direct ink writing are reported. The iongels are designed by taking advantage of polyvinyl alcohol/phenol interactions to gelify biocompatible cholinium carboxylate ionic liquids. The obtained iongels are stable, soft, and flexible materials (Young modulus between 14 and 70 kPa) with high ionic conductivity (1.8 × 10–2 S cm–1). Interestingly, they presented thermoreversible properties with gel–sol transitions ranging from 85 and 110 °C, which allows the iongel processing via direct ink writing 3D printing by material extrusion at temperatures over its transition. These 3D printable iongels are integrated into a variety of body sensors applications, namely pressure sensors, motion sensors and electrodes for electrophysiological recordings. The iongels are used as pressure sensors with a sensitivity of 0.1 kPa–1, ten times higher than that of others similar materials reported so far; showing its ability to detect human motion. Furthermore, the iongels showed excellent performance in electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG) recording, presenting good stability over time with electrocardiographic waves maintained their typical shape even after weeks.
Giant Piezoelectricity of Deformed Aluminum Nitride Stabilized through Noble Gas Interstitials for Energy Efficient Resonators
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Fuchs Florian , Leveneur Jérôme , Nancarrow Mitchell , Mitchell David R. G. , Schuster Jörg , Kennedy John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) is a material for a wide range of microwave‐frequency electronics devices, because of its piezoelectric properties and high chemical stability. To improve the performance of AlN‐based devices, such as acoustic wave filters and energy harvesters, an increased piezoelectric modulus is desirable. Here, an increase of the piezoelectric modulus d33 of this material is achieved by ion implantation of noble gases. For a fluence of 3 × 1016 at cm−2 Ar+, a 30% increase of d33 of AlN is obtained. The improvement is attributed to noble gas atoms implanted into interstitial sites of the wurtzite structure, causing a strong deformation of wurtzite AlN. Density functional theory calculations reveal the formation of deformed, metastable AlN with a 350% increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient. The ion implantation conditions to prepare AlN with a high piezoelectric coefficient are discussed and verified by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Heavier elements, larger fluences, and an implantation angle not aligned to the wurtzite crystal are preferred since those conditions generate tetrahedrally coordinated interstitials. In contrast, the opposite conditions lead to octahedrally coordinated interstitials prior to relaxation, which activates the silent B1high phonon vibration and results in a reduced piezoelectric coefficient.
Should we use antitrust policies on big agriculture?
Authors: Watson Philip , Winfree Jason 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the benefits and costs of antitrust intervention in agriculture. We argue that over the long run, fixed costs have increased and marginal costs have decreased, which has created a tension between lower food prices and having a large number of farms. As opposed to policies of most industries, agricultural policy seems to place more importance upon producer surplus instead of consumer surplus, which runs directly counter to the goals of antitrust laws. While protecting small farms may potentially be an appropriate use of other policy instruments (such as the Farm Bill), using antitrust laws to break up large agricultural firms and/or protect small farms may result in higher food prices, which is regressive and exacerbates inequality. Furthermore, the application of antitrust law for the purpose of raising food prices and producer surplus is antithetical to its historic purpose.
Academic springboard: The chief resident position correlates with career path in emergency medicine
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Hopson Laura R. , Clarke Samuel O. , Frisch Adam , Chipman Anne K. , Curato Mark , Janicki Adam , Calles Ignacio , Ilgen Jonathan , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe chief resident role often includes additional administrative and educational experiences beyond those of nonchief senior residents. It is unclear to what extent these experiences influence the postresidency career path of those selected as chief residents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of chief resident status on immediate postresidency career characteristics relative to nonchief residents in emergency medicine (EM).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed graduate data from 2016 to 2020 at six accredited EM residency programs. Participating sites were geographically diverse and included 3‐ and 4‐year training formats. Each site abstracted data using a standardized form including program, year of graduation, chief resident status, publications during residency, and immediate postresidency position (academic vs. nonacademic). We calculated descriptive statistics and performed logistic regression to explore differences between the chief resident cohort and other graduates.ResultsWe gathered information on 365 total graduates (45.8% from 3‐year programs and 54.2% from 4‐year programs) including 93 (25.5%) chief residents. A total of 129 (35%) graduates assumed an academic position immediately following residency. Fifty‐six (60%) of 93 chief residents assumed an academic position immediately following residency, compared to 74 (27%) of 272 other graduates. After program, year of graduation, and number of publications completed during residency were controlled for, chief resident status was a significant predictor of immediate postresidency academic career (odds ratio for a chief resident assuming an academic job = 5.36, 95% confidence interval = 3.10 to 9.27).ConclusionThe chief resident role within EM is significantly associated with pursuit of an academic position immediately following residency compared to nonchiefs.
Roles of interaction between components in CZZA/HZSM‐5 catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Fan Xiao , Jin Baitang , Ren Shoujie , Li Shiguang , Yu Miao , Liang Xinhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe roles of interaction between two catalyst components in CuO–ZnO–ZrO2–Al2O3 (CZZA)/HZSM‐5 bifunctional catalyst for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation were investigated. It was found that CZZA catalyst showed excellent stability during methanol (MeOH) synthesis for 100 h, while there was a severe loss of catalytic activity in the bifunctional catalyst for DME synthesis. Hence, the effects of different degrees of intimacy of two catalyst components were studied for DME synthesis, including mixed and separated modes. For the mixed mode, the particle size of catalysts and the amount of reaction intermediates were proven to influence the catalyst deactivation. For the separated mode, the catalysts showed rapid deactivation within a short time. Various characterizations indicated that the remarkable deactivation of separated mode was mainly caused by the decrease of copper active centers (e.g., sintering and oxidation) and blockage of acid sites via increased coke deposition on HZSM‐5.
Cardiovascular phenotypes predict clinical outcomes in sickle cell disease: An echocardiography‐based cluster analysis
Authors: d'Humières Thomas , Savale Laurent , Inamo Jocelyn , Deux Jean‐François , Deswarte Simon , Lionnet Francois , Loko Gylna , Chantalat Christelle , Damy Thibaud , Guillet Henri , Pham Hung d'Alexandry d'Orengiani Anne Laure , Galactéros Frédéric , Audureau Etienne , Maitre Bernard , Humbert Marc , Derumeaux Geneviève , Bartolucci Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study sought to link cardiac phenotypes in homozygous Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients with clinical profiles and outcomes using cluster analysis. We analyzed data of 379 patients included in the French Etendard Cohort. A cluster analyses was performed based on echocardiographic variables, and the association between clusters, clinical profiles and outcomes was assessed. Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 123) patients had the lowest cardiac output, mild left cardiac cavities remodeling, mild diastolic dysfunction, and higher tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). They were predominantly female and displayed the most altered functional limitation. Cluster 2 (n = 102) patients had the highest cardiac output and the most remodeled cardiac cavities. Diastolic function and TRV were similar to cluster 1. These patients had a higher blood pressure and a severe hemolytic anemia. Cluster 3 (n = 154) patients had mild left cardiac cavities remodeling, normal diastolic function and lowest TRV values. They were younger with the highest hemoglobin value. Right heart catheterization was performed in 94 patients. Cluster 1 (n = 33) included the majority of pre‐capillary PH whilst cluster 2 (n = 34) included post‐capillary PH. No PH was found in cluster 3 (n = 27). After a follow‐up of 11.4 ± 2 years, death occurred in 41 patients (11%). Cluster 2 patients had the worst prognosis with a 19% mortality rate versus 12% in cluster 1 and 5% in cluster 3 (p log‐rank = 0.003). Cluster analysis of echocardiography variables identified three hemodynamic and clinical phenotypes among SCD patients, each predicting a different prognosis.
Thermal, mechanical and γ‐ray shielding properties of micro‐ andnano‐Ta2O5loadedDGEBAepoxy resin composites
Authors: Prabhu Srilakshmi , Bubbly S. G. , Gudennavar Shivappa B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have investigated the synergistic effect of micro‐ and nano‐Ta2O5fillers in the epoxy matrix on the thermal, mechanical, and radioprotective properties of the composites. Morphological analysis revealed uniform dispersion of fillers in the matrix. Both the thermal stability and tensile properties of matrices have enhanced in the presence of fillers. Although the nanocomposites showed significantly higher tensile strength and Youngs modulus compared to micro‐composites, the enhancement in these properties was predominant at low loadings. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated good interfacial adhesion and positive reinforcing effect on the matrix even at higher loading (30 wt%) of nano‐Ta2O5. γ‐Ray attenuation studies performed in the energy range of 0.356–1.332 MeV revealed better γ‐ray shielding ability of nanocomposites compared to microcomposites at same weight fraction of fillers. In particular, γ‐ray attenuation at 0.356 MeV for 30 wt% nano‐Ta2O5loaded epoxy composite was enhanced by around 13% compared to the microcomposite at the same loading. Increased surface‐to‐volume ratio of nanofillers and consequent increase in matrix‐filler adhesion and radiation‐matter interaction have manifested in an overall enhancement in the thermal, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and radiation shielding characteristics of nano‐Ta2O5/epoxy composites, proving them as promising γ‐ray shields.
Support for using a three‐dimensional anatomy application over anatomical atlases in a randomized comparison
Authors: Zilverschoon Marijn , Custers Eugene J. , ten Cate Olle , Kruitwagen Cas L. J. J. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate to what extent the use of a three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy computer application can improve the acquisition of anatomical knowledge compared with anatomical atlases, junior and advanced medical students participated in an experiment. Participants were asked to answer anatomical questions with the use of a 3D anatomy application (developed at the University Medical Center in Utrecht, the Netherlands) or anatomy atlases. Every student had to complete two assignments, either with an atlas or with the 3D anatomy application. One assignment consisted of 20 questions about the anatomy of the hand, the other one had 20 questions about the anatomy of the foot. The scores on the assignments and time to complete the assignments were registered and investigated. A total of 76 students participated. Students scored significantly higher and were significantly faster when they used the 3D anatomy application. Junior medical students were significantly faster than advanced medical students and particularly, advanced students who worked with an atlas needed most time. These results suggest that the 3D anatomy application is more effective as a studying tool, when compared to the use of paper atlases, for both junior and advanced medical students. The difference in time could indicate an influence of the increased number of mental steps it takes to convert two‐dimensional atlas images to a 3D mental representation compared to using the 3D anatomy application, although practical issues explaining this cannot be ruled out. Future studies should establish whether the application leads to better learning/retention and to more time‐efficient studying.
Eco‐friendly synthesis of the Li/Al in nonionic surfactant‐based vesicles (niosomes) modified with graphene oxide quantum dot nanostructures for controlled released of chlorpheniramine maleate
Authors: Pardakhty Abbas , Ranjbar Mehdi , Yahyapour Moghadeseh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present work was the preparation of Li/Al nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPAM). The role of lemon and egg white extracts as oxidation agents were investigated for the morphology and particle size of the products. GOQDs were synthesized using green, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective precursors. This work demonstrates that Li/Al NPs functionalized with graphene oxide as a nanolayer structure can be used as efficient nanocarriers for loading and delivery of CPAM as water‐insoluble aromatic drugs The final products were identified with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy nitrogen adsorption [i.e. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis] techniques. The calibration curve for Li/Al nanoparticles functionalized with GOQDs for controlled released of CPAM was calculated as y = 0.0137x + 0.0103 with R2 = 0.9995. The data found through BET and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis using the adsorption/desorption isotherm method demonstrated by total pore volumes and dead volume were calculated respectively as 0.162 nm2, 0.0439 cm3g−1. The mean pore diameter was calculated as 20.33 nm using BET isotherm data.
Process intensification for the production of yellow fever virus‐like particles as potential recombinant vaccine antigen
Authors: Alvim Renata G. F. , Lima Túlio M. , Silva Jerson L. , de Oliveira Guilherme A. P. , Castilho Leda R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractYellow fever (YF) is a life‐threatening viral disease endemic in parts of Africa and Latin America. Although there is a very efficacious vaccine since the 1930s, YF still causes 29,000–60,000 annual deaths. During recent YF outbreaks there were issues of vaccine shortage of the current egg‐derived vaccine; rare but fatal vaccine adverse effects occurred; and cases were imported to Asia, where the circulating mosquito vector could potentially start local transmission. Here we investigated the production of YF virus‐like particles (VLPs) using stably transfected HEK293 cells. Process intensification was achieved by combining sequential FACS (fluorescence‐activated cell sorting) rounds to enrich the stable cell pool in terms of high producers and the use of perfusion processes. At shaken‐tube scale, FACS enrichment of cells allowed doubling VLP production, and pseudoperfusion cultivation (with daily medium exchange) further increased VLP production by 9.3‐fold as compared to batch operation mode. At perfusion bioreactor scale, the use of an inclined settler as cell retention device showed operational advantages over an ATF system. A one‐step steric exclusion chromatography purification allowed significant removal of impurities and is a promising technique for future integration of upstream and downstream operations. Characterization by different techniques confirmed the identity and 3D‐structure of the purified VLPs.
Eating disorders and sexuality: A quantitative study in a French medically assisted procreation course
Authors: Audier‐Bourgain Marie , Baubet Thierry , Pham‐Scottez Alexandra , Corcos Maurice , Nicolas Isabelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAmong medically assisted procreation (MAP) patients, the prevalence of eating disorders (ED), clinical or subclinical, current or past, is considerable. In addition to metabolic repercussions, the literature suggests that these patients present with more sexual dysfunction, leading to anxiety.This quantitative research on a population of women consulting a MAP department for unexplained or ovulatory infertility proposed to study the sexuality of this population by comparing the sexuality of patients suffering from or having suffered from an ED to the sexuality of the non‐ED group.MethodPatients (n = 61) filled out the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF‐W), the ED Whole Life Research Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS).ResultsWe found a prevalence of 54% of ED, current or past. Even though these patients reported the same prevalence of sexual intercourse, they had significantly more physical problems (e.g., anorgasmia, vaginismus, headache) affecting their sexuality (p = .01) than the non‐ED group, after adjusting for depression. Approximately 10% of the study population reported no intravaginal intercourse during the last month.DiscussionThis study provides evidence for the existence of more sexual dysfunction in patients who have a fertility disorder and have ED or a history of ED. Future research should evaluate the results of psychological or sexological care that may be more suitable for the infertility of these patients.