bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on carbon capture technology of Oxy-fuel combustion in coal fired boiler
Authors: Tu Anqi , Zhang Zhiyong , Gao Zhengping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In China, the total amount of energy resources is huge, the types are rich, but the per capita share is small, the resource structure is unreasonable, and the distribution space is uneven. Compared with the global average level, China’s energy mineral resources richness is about 60% higher, which is one of the countries with higher global energy mineral resources richness [1]. However, China’s per capita share of energy resources is very limited, only half of the world level, and the structure of energy resources is unreasonable. The proportion of oil and gas is only 2.3%, far from the world average of 21%. Therefore, carbon capture and storage technology is the most effective way to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of coal fired on a large scale, and can reduce the CO2 emission of coal fired by more than 90%. This paper reviews the most promising carbon capture technology of the Oxy-fuel combustion in coal fired boiler.
Application of electric meter in the smart distribution network
Authors: Feili Yang , Ke Zheng , Yingying Cheng , Xun Guo , Yuting Zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose is to promote equipment automation in the smart distribution network and improve the electricity detection accuracy and reliability of power equipment. Here, electric meters in the smart distribution network are studied. Firstly, the current electricity detection methods are discussed. Secondly, the common electric meter fault mechanisms are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the GM (Grey Mole) (1,1) is optimized through ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm and is used for detection and investigation of the real-time electric meter monitoring system. Then, simulation experiments are conducted based on the user’s electricity consumption data. The results indicate that the load correction value optimized by the ACO algorithm is closer to the actual load than the predicted value, and the absolute residual value is greatly reduced compared with the predicted value. At the same time, the prediction trend is more similar. This shows that the ACO-optimized GM can effectively improve the accuracy of the electric meter monitoring system.
Analysis on Management Strategy of Lightning Protection in Hunan Distribution Lines
Authors: Li Jin-liang , Zhao Miao , Chen Xiao-rong , Zhou Heng-yi , Sun Ze-zhong , Peng Si-min , Tao Jie , Tang Wen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The lightning activity is frequent in Hunan, and frequent lightning activities seriously affect the safe and stable operation of distribution network equipment. The statistical analysis of lightning trip-out in Hunan distribution line is made in this paper. According to the current situation of lightning protection in Hunan distribution lines, the differentiated lightning protection management strategy is proposed, which takes into account the ground flash density and special landform factors. And the field application in the past year shows that the effect of lightning protection is good. However, there are also corresponding management and technical problems in the implementation process. The corresponding solution ideas and suggestions are put forward in this paper based on the fully investigation and the experimentation simulation, which has the certain reference value for further improving the lightning withstand level of hunan distribution lines.
Accurate investment evaluation model of power grid based on Improved Fuzzy Neural Inference
Authors: Liu Kunpeng , Gong Lihua , Tian Nuo , Liu Bo , Liu Lili 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the accurate investment evaluation of power grid, the existing model does not consider the uncertainty of the actual evaluation object, and the evaluation subject mainly relies on subjective judgment, resulting in low information utilization rate. Therefore, the accurate investment evaluation model of power grid is designed based on Improved Fuzzy Neural Inference. The evaluation index system is established from three aspects of power supply capacity, power supply quality and power grid benefit of power grid investment, so as to achieve the purpose of giving consideration to both economic and social benefits. Based on the Improved Fuzzy Neural Inference, the membership function algorithm is designed, and the parameters are adjusted to obtain the best fuzzy inference results. According to the membership function and index improvement value, the standardized data table is established. The indicators of the same level are quantified, and the weight attributes are solved to complete the construction of accurate investment evaluation model of power grid. The experimental results show that the design model has certain advantages in the utilization rate of investment information, which is 10.59%, 15.40% and 9.95% higher than the existing models. It proves that the accurate investment evaluation model of power grid constructed in this paper is closer to the actual situation and has good application effect.
Study on Association Rules Based on Multiple Types of Flexible Loads
Authors: Jiang Feng , Cai Zhuang , Zhang Kai , Zhan Keming , Gu Bo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
At present, the comprehensive consideration of multiple types of flexible loads and the complementary characteristics in time and space are less considered, which results in the user’s response potential cannot be further explored. This paper takes flexible load as the research object, and proposes a method for the research of association rules based on multiple types of flexible loads. An association rule mining and evaluation model is established to form an intelligent offline database and a relative connection degree database. As a result, the correlation of various types of flexible loads is discovered through the cooperation of the two, so as to provide guidance for dispatching.
Effect of stretching on the orientation structure and reaction behavior of PAN fiber during the thermal stabilization
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Chenggao , Cao Weiyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The evolution of structures and properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fiber during the thermal stabilization was directly related to the mechanical properties of carbon fiber. In the present study, the effects of stretching on the orientation structure and reaction behavior of PAN fibers at different thermal stabilization stages were experimentally investigated. The multi-dimensional structural characterization and mechanical properties tests were used, such as XRD, FT-IR, 13C-NMR, Raman and material testing machine, etc, which would help to reveal the evolution mechanism of the microstructure and reaction behavior of PAN fiber during the thermal stabilization. The results showed that in the process of thermal stabilization, stretching caused the rearrangement of crystalline orientation structure, promoted the cyclization reaction process at higher temperature (>200 °C), and furthermore promoted the formation of oriented aromatic like lamellar structure. It can be found that when the drawing ratio of 10% and the exposed temperature at 200 °C were applied to the PAN fiber, the increasing of crystalline orientation was obvious and more aromatic lamellar structures generated. Based on the above process technology, the carbon fiber with the higher graphitization degree and better mechanical properties was finally obtained.
The topological Dirac equation of networks and simplicial complexes
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We define the topological Dirac equation describing the evolution of a topological wave function on networks or on simplicial complexes. On networks, the topological wave function describes the dynamics of topological signals or cochains, i.e. dynamical signals defined both on nodes and on links. On simplicial complexes the wave function is also defined on higher-dimensional simplices. Therefore the topological wave function satisfies a relaxed condition of locality as it acquires the same value along simplices of dimension larger than zero. The topological Dirac equation defines eigenstates whose dispersion relation is determined by the spectral properties of the Dirac operator defined on networks and generalized network structures including simplicial complexes and multiplex networks. On simplicial complexes the Dirac equation leads to multiple energy bands. On multiplex networks the topological Dirac equation can be generalized to distinguish between different mutlilinks leading to a natural definition of rotations of the topological spinor. The topological Dirac equation is here initially formulated on a spatial network or simplicial complex for describing the evolution of the topological wave function in continuous time. This framework is also extended to treat the topological Dirac equation on 1 + d lattices describing a discrete space-time with one temporal dimension and d spatial dimensions with d ∈ {1, 2, 3}. It is found that in this framework space-like and time-like links are only distinguished by the choice of the directional Dirac operator and are otherwise structurally indistinguishable. This work includes also the discussion of numerical results obtained by implementing the topological Dirac equation on simplicial complex models and on real simple and multiplex network data.
Facial Aging Surgery: Healing Time, Duration Over the Years, and the Right Time to Perform a Facelift
Authors: Botti Chiara , Botti Giovanni , Pascali Michele 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The “time variable” assumes paramount importance, especially regarding facial rejuvenation procedures. Questions regarding the length of recovery time before returning to work, how long the results will last, and the ideal time (age) to undergo this particular type of surgery are the most commonly asked by patients during the initial consultation.

Objectives
The authors endeavored to determine the healing time, optimal age to perform the surgery, and duration of the results after cosmetic face surgery.

Methods
A 35-year observational study of 9313 patients who underwent facial surgeries was analyzed. The principal facial rejuvenation interventions were divided into 2 subgroups: (1) eyelid and periorbital surgery, including eyebrow lift, blepharoplasty, and its variants and midface lift; and (2) face and neck lift. Significant follow-ups were conducted after 5, 10, and 20 years. To evaluate the course of convalescence, the degree of satisfaction with the intervention, and the stability of the results, a questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 200 patients who underwent face and neck lifts.

Results
The answers given indicated that surgery performed according to rigorous standards allowed for a relatively rapid recovery, and the positive results were stable up to 10 years after surgery. The level of patient satisfaction also remained high even after 20 years.

Conclusions
The “right time” for a facelift, taking into account age, recovery time, and the longevity of the results, is an important consideration for both the patient and the cosmetic surgeon.

Level of Evidence: 4
Functional meta-omics provide critical insights into long- and short-read assemblies
Authors: Galata Valentina , Busi Susheel Bhanu , Kunath Benoît Josef , de Nies Laura , Calusinska Magdalena , Halder Rashi , May Patrick , Wilmes Paul , Laczny Cédric Christian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Real-world evaluations of metagenomic reconstructions are challenged by distinguishing reconstruction artifacts from genes and proteins present in situ. Here, we evaluate short-read-only, long-read-only and hybrid assembly approaches on four different metagenomic samples of varying complexity. We demonstrate how different assembly approaches affect gene and protein inference, which is particularly relevant for downstream functional analyses. For a human gut microbiome sample, we use complementary metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic data to assess the metagenomic data-based protein predictions. Our findings pave the way for critical assessments of metagenomic reconstructions. We propose a reference-independent solution, which exploits the synergistic effects of multi-omic data integration for the in situ study of microbiomes using long-read sequencing data.
Phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates in peripheral motor nerves of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Riva Nilo , Gentile Francesco , Cerri Federica , Gallia Francesca , Podini Paola , Dina Giorgia , Falzone Yuri Matteo , Fazio Raffaella , Lunetta Christian , Calvo Andrea , Logroscino Giancarlo , Lauria Giuseppe , Corbo Massimo , Iannaccone Sandro , Chiò Adriano , Lazzerini Alberto , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo , Filippi Massimo , Quattrini Angelo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons and neuroglia in the brain are one of the pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the axons exceed the total volume of motor neuron soma by several orders of magnitude, systematic studies investigating the presence and distribution of pTDP-43 aggregates within motor nerves are still lacking. The aim of this study is to define the TDP-43/pTDP-43 pathology in diagnostic motor nerve biopsies performed on a large cohort of patients presenting with a lower motor neuron syndrome and to assess whether this might be a discriminating tissue biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases.
We retrospectively evaluated 102 lower motor neuron syndrome patients referred to our centre for a diagnostic motor nerve biopsy. Histopathological criteria of motor neuron disease and motor neuropathy were applied by two independent evaluators, who were blind to clinical data. TDP-43 and pTDP-43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and results compared to final clinical diagnosis.
We detected significant differences between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases in pTDP-43 expression in myelinated fibres: axonal accumulation was detected in 98.2% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus 30.4% of non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis samples (P &lt; 0.0001), while concomitant positive staining in Schwan cell cytoplasm was found in 70.2% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus 17.4% of patients who did not have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (P &lt; 0.001). Importantly, we were also able to detect pTDP-43 aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases displaying normal features at standard histopathological analysis.
Our findings demonstrated that a specific pTDP-43 signature is present in the peripheral nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and could be exploited as a specific, accessible tissue biomarker. The detection of pTDP-43 aggregates within motor nerves of living patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, occurring before axonal degeneration, suggests that this is an early event that may contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis.
The neuroethics of disorders of consciousness: a brief history of evolving ideas
Authors: Young Michael J , Bodien Yelena G , Giacino Joseph T , Fins Joseph J , Truog Robert D , Hochberg Leigh R , Edlow Brian L 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuroethical questions raised by recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of consciousness are rapidly expanding, increasingly relevant and yet underexplored. The aim of this thematic review is to provide a clinically applicable framework for understanding the current taxonomy of disorders of consciousness and to propose an approach to identifying and critically evaluating actionable neuroethical issues that are frequently encountered in research and clinical care for this vulnerable population. Increased awareness of these issues and clarity about opportunities for optimizing ethically responsible care in this domain are especially timely given recent surges in critically ill patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness associated with coronavirus disease 2019 around the world. We begin with an overview of the field of neuroethics: what it is, its history and evolution in the context of biomedical ethics at large. We then explore nomenclature used in disorders of consciousness, covering categories proposed by the American Academy of Neurology, the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research, including definitions of terms such as coma, the vegetative state, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, covert consciousness and the confusional state. We discuss why these definitions matter, and why there has been such evolution in this nosology over the years, from Jennett and Plum in 1972 to the Multi-Society Task Force in 1994, the Aspen Working Group in 2002 and the 2018 American and 2020 European Disorders of Consciousness guidelines. We then move to a discussion of clinical aspects of disorders of consciousness, the natural history of recovery and ethical issues that arise within the context of caring for people with disorders of consciousness. We conclude with a discussion of key challenges associated with assessing residual consciousness in disorders of consciousness, potential solutions and future directions, including integration of crucial disability rights perspectives.
When the brain slows the heart—herpes encephalitis and sinus arrest: a case report
Authors: Braiman Dana , Konstantino Yuval , Westreich Roi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a known cause of cognitive deterioration, neurological disturbances, and seizures though are rarely associated with sinus node dysfunction.

Case summary
We present a 54-year-old man admitted to the hospital with a 10-day history of fever, confusion, and fatigue, 1 week following a transient loss of consciousness. An initial workup suggested HSV encephalitis and the patient was started on intravenous Acyclovir. Due to his episode of syncope, a 24 h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring was performed. The Holter documented multiple episodes of sinus arrest, with a second episode of syncope noticed by the hospital staff concurrent with the last documented sinus arrest. Following antiviral treatment and resolution of the encephalitis we noticed complete resolution of sinus node dysfunction. We subsequently avoided permanent pacemaker implantation.

Discussion
Our case of proven HSV encephalitis complicated by sinus node arrest and syncope with complete resolution following antiviral treatment suggests no indication for permanent pacemaker implantation. This approach is consistent with data from previously reported cases.
Prediction of first cardiovascular disease event in 2.9 million individuals using Danish administrative healthcare data: a nationwide, registry-based derivation and validation study
Authors: Christensen Daniel Mølager , Phelps Matthew , Gerds Thomas , Malmborg Morten , Schjerning Anne-Marie , Strange Jarl Emanuel , El-Chouli Mohamad , Larsen Lars Bruun , Fosbøl Emil , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Mehta Suneela , Jackson Rod , Gislason Gunnar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to derive and validate a risk prediction model with nationwide coverage to predict the individual and population-level risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and resultsAll 2.98 million Danish residents aged 30–85 years free of CVD were included on 1 January 2014 and followed through 31 December 2018 using nationwide administrative healthcare registries. Model predictors and outcome were pre-specified. Predictors were age, sex, education, use of antithrombotic, blood pressure-lowering, glucose-lowering, or lipid-lowering drugs, and a smoking proxy of smoking-cessation drug use or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Outcome was 5-year risk of first CVD event, a combination of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Predictions were computed using cause-specific Cox regression models. The final model fitted in the full data was internally-externally validated in each Danish Region. The model was well-calibrated in all regions. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier scores ranged from 76.3% to 79.6% and 3.3 to 4.4. The model was superior to an age-sex benchmark model with differences in AUC and Brier scores ranging from 1.2% to 1.5% and −0.02 to −0.03. Average predicted risks in each Danish municipality ranged from 2.8% to 5.9%. Predicted risks for a 66-year old ranged from 2.6% to 25.3%. Personalized predicted risks across ages 30–85 were presented in an online calculator (https://hjerteforeningen.shinyapps.io/cvd-risk-manuscript/).ConclusionA CVD risk prediction model based solely on nationwide administrative registry data provided accurate prediction of personal and population-level 5-year first CVD event risk in the Danish population. This may inform clinical and public health primary prevention efforts.
Matrix-Bound Growth Factors are Released upon Cartilage Compression by an Aggrecan-Dependent Sodium Flux that is Lost in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Keppie Stuart J , Mansfield Jessica C , Tang Xiaodi , Philp Christopher J , Graham Helen K , Önnerfjord Patrik , Wall Alanna , McLean Celia , Winlove C Peter , Sherratt Michael J , Pavlovskaya Galina E , Vincent Tonia L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Articular cartilage is a dense extracellular matrix-rich tissue that degrades following chronic mechanical stress, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). The tissue has low intrinsic repair especially in aged and osteoarthritic joints. Here, we describe three pro-regenerative factors; fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), connective tissue growth factor, bound to transforming growth factor-beta (CTGF-TGFβ), and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), that are rapidly released from the pericellular matrix (PCM) of articular cartilage upon mechanical injury. All three growth factors bound heparan sulfate, and were displaced by exogenous NaCl. We hypothesised that sodium, sequestered within the aggrecan-rich matrix, was freed by injurious compression, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of pericellular growth factors. Indeed, growth factor release was abrogated when cartilage aggrecan was depleted by IL-1 treatment, and in severely damaged human osteoarthritic cartilage. A flux in free matrix sodium upon mechanical compression of cartilage was visualised by 23Na -MRI just below the articular surface. This corresponded to a region of reduced tissue stiffness, measured by scanning acoustic microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy, and where Smad2/3 was phosphorylated upon cyclic compression. Our results describe a novel intrinsic repair mechanism, controlled by matrix stiffness and mediated by the free sodium concentration, in which heparan sulfate-bound growth factors are released from cartilage upon injurious load. They identify aggrecan as a depot for sequestered sodium, explaining why osteoarthritic tissue loses its ability to repair. Treatments that restore matrix sodium to allow appropriate release of growth factors upon load are predicted to enable intrinsic cartilage repair in OA.

Significance Statement
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease, affecting 250 million people worldwide.1 We identify a novel intrinsic repair response in cartilage, mediated by aggrecan-dependent sodium flux, and dependent upon matrix stiffness, which results in the release of a cocktail of pro-regenerative growth factors after injury. Loss of aggrecan in late-stage osteoarthritis prevents growth factor release and likely contributes to disease progression. Treatments that restore matrix sodium in osteoarthritis may recover the intrinsic repair response to improve disease outcome.