bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the stoichiometry, microstructure, and metallization method on the dielectric properties of 0.94 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.06 BaTiO3
Authors: Mussi Toschi Vitória , Bogicevic Christine , Bouyanfif Houssny , Laville Henri , Janolin Pierre‐Eymeric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe morphotropic composition of the lead‐free solid solution between Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and BaTiO3 (0.94 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.06 BaTiO3 or NBT‐6BT) is of particular interest for the next generation of high‐temperature capacitors but remains plagued by the diversity of dielectric properties reported in the literature. In order to explain the apparent inconsistencies among the reported dielectric properties of NBT‐6BT, we examine the influence of stoichiometry, phase separation, and metallization method. We show that the nominal stoichiometry has a crucial effect, since increasing the nominal Na/Bi ratio increases conductivity and dielectric losses (tan δ). It also increases the real part of the permittivity (ε’) and the frequency dispersion of both ε’ and tan δ, thereby altering the shape of the evolution with temperature of the dielectric properties. Moreover it increases the depolarization temperature (Td) and decreases the temperature of maximum permittivity (Tm). Phase separation also occurs during the synthesis of NBT‐6BT as Na evaporation leads to the formation of secondary Ba‐containing phases. We report that these phases can have a positive impact on the dielectric properties: a moderate volume fraction (2.5 to 3.0%) and average grain surface (0.9 to 3.0 µm2) of these secondary Ba‐containing phases increase the relative permittivity, decrease the dielectric losses, and increase the insulation resistance. We also show that the metallization method impacts the dielectric properties and therefore may contribute to the differences between various reports. The dielectric properties of NBT‐6BT samples are measured during successive heating/cooling cycles and reveal that the permittivity value is lower during the first heating when silver paste, even cured, is used. These three components contribute to explaining the diversity of the reported dielectric properties of NBT‐6BT.
Release kinetics of fungicidal antimicrobials into packaged foods
Authors: Aina Toyin , Danyuo Yiporo , Oparah Josephine , Obayemi John D. , Dozie‐Nwachukwu Stella , Onodugo Chinweoma D. , Ani Chukwuemeka J. , Odusanya Olushola , Soboyejo Winston O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents the release kinetics (RK) of a fungicidal antimicrobial agent (AMA), potassium sorbate (PS), that prolongs the shelf life of packaged food. The effects of PS release are explored on peanut and fresh bread to determine the effects of PS on Aspergillus niger (AN) microbe growth. The AN was cultured in a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to obtain AMA activity on the film. AMA activity of PS incorporated into cellulose acetate (CA) based film was tested on peanuts and fresh bread for an extended period of time. The RK of PS from the films was obtained by studying the de‐swelling properties of PS loaded film at room temperature (24°C) and at elevated temperature (37°C). The diffusion coefficients of PS released through the film network were obtained to be between 8.32 × 10−10 to 7.3 × 10−7 m2/s. The release exponents (n) of PS from the film occurred by anomalous transport with n‐values ranging from 0.13 to 0.16 at 24°C and 0.5 to 0.89 at 37°C. The average flux released from the CA film was consistent with the percentage PS release from the CA film showing that modeling the effective diffusion of PS from a porous media is feasible. The released PS was potent enough to inhibit the growth of AN for a week then over a period of 2 years. Thereafter, the implications of the results in designing smart food packaging for enhanced food preservation were discussed.
Quantifying the life cycle environmental impacts of water pollution control in a typical chemical industrial park in China
Authors: Lyu Yizheng , Gao Yang , Ye Hanyun , Liu Yang , Han Siyu , Tian Jinping , Chen Lujun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the most important production space for the development of chemical industry in China, chemical industrial parks (CIPs) are facing a new challenge of water pollution prevention and control, in addition to those posed by traditional and emerging pollutants. It is thus important to systematically reveal the compositewater‐environmental impact of CIPs for contributing to the sustainable development of the chemical industry. CIPs have the issue of intensive wastewater generation characterized by complex pollutant components and high pollution loads. Thus, establishing an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment system has always been a major challenge for CIPs. China has developed many CIPs and the two‐stage wastewater treatment system is widely employed in practice, that is, in‐plant wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in individual enterprises followed by centralized WWTPs in parks. Since the CIP wastewater emission limits are continuously improved, a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts of the in‐use wastewater treatment system will be insightful for future policy making. This study employed life cycle assessment (LCA) to reveal the life cycle environmental impact of the two‐stage wastewater treatment system in a typical CIP. We found that the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole system mainly stem from the in‐plant WWTPs of chemical manufacturers because of chemicals and electricity consumed in the multi‐stage advanced oxidation technologies, while the increase of human toxicity potential and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential are primarily due to sludge incineration. Three scenarios targeting the reduction of environmental impacts were proposed based on the LCA results. We evaluated the pollution mitigation potential, which can reach at most 8% of the original measured impacts. Finally, from the perspective of systematic thinking, four policy implications for improving the water management system of CIPs were proposed.
Grumpy face during adult sleep: A clue to negative emotion during sleep?
Authors: Maranci Jean‐Baptiste , Aussel Alexia , Vidailhet Marie , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

SummaryNegative facial expressions and frowns have been studied (albeit more rarely than smiles) in fetus’ and neonate’ sleep, but they have not been investigated during adult sleep. Video polysomnography (including corrugator muscle electromyography and face‐focussed video) was used to study negative facial expressions in sleeping adults, including healthy subjects and patients with/out parasomnia. Frowns were observed during sleep in 89/91 (97.8%) adults during normal (29 healthy subjects) and abnormal sleep (29 patients without parasomnia, 15 patients with disorders of arousal and 18 patients with rapid eye movement [REM] sleep behaviour disorder [RBD]). In healthy subjects, the following events occurred in decreasing frequency: isometric corrugator activations, brief frowns, and then prolonged frowns and raised eyebrows (both similarly rare). Frowns predominated in REM sleep, and had a lower frequency in non‐REM sleep. In healthy subjects, frowns were elementary and not associated with other face movements to the point of composing negative expressions. In contrast, frowns were occasionally associated with overt negative facial expressions in REM sleep in patients with RBD and a young patient with night terrors. They included mostly painful expressions and rarely sadness and anger in connection with apparently negative behaviours (shouts, painful moaning, and speeches). Frowns persist during normal sleep (mostly in REM sleep) in adults, but overt negative facial expressions are restricted to patients with parasomnia. Whether elementary frowns translate a negative dream emotion should be determined, but overt negative facial expressions during RBD could be used as a direct access to dream emotions.
A Tale of Two Villages: Development and Household Change in India
Authors: Breton Etienne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite decades of sweeping socioeconomic and cultural transformations, extended households remain widespread in many regions of the world. The mechanisms explaining this persistence are not well‐established. The research reported on here investigates these mechanisms in India, where the prevalence of stem and joint households ranks among the highest in the world. Combining demographic and ethnographic data, this study compares processes of household change in two villages in India's Deccan Plateau. Results highlight key pathways by which development can contribute to both the decline and persistence of joint households. In the first village, joint households have become virtually extinct in recent years. Analyses suggest that frequent labor migrations, depopulation, and slow economic growth largely explain this decline. In the second village, there was a recent increase in the prevalence of joint households. The expansion of irrigation created economic opportunities in farming and other industries. Many young men now jointly invest in land with their father and brother(s) instead of purchasing separate houses. This suggests that agricultural improvements and the revitalization of the village economy have stimulated the formation of joint households. In both villages, ethnographic data reveal the ambivalent preferences and practical considerations underpinning residential decisions.
Evaluating nocturnal polyuria in Japanese children with nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Nishizaki Naoto , Hara Taichi , Obinata Kaoru , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess whether enuretic Japanese patients with nocturnal polyuria (NP) who met Hoashi’s criteria (6–9 years: ≥200 mL; 10 years and older: ≥250 mL) met the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS; expected bladder capacity × 130%) and Rittig’s criteria for nocturnal polyuria (>[age+9] × 20 mL). We also compared the effectiveness of 1‐desamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) with the three criteria.MethodsFifty‐four patients who had NP with normal bladder capacity were enrolled: 36 boys (67%); median age, 8 (interquartile range: 7–9). We compared the diagnostic differences between the Hoashi’s criteria and international standards (ICCS and Rittig’s) for NP and the short‐term effects of DDAVP. The patients received DDAVP for 8 weeks; we evaluated the association between each evaluation method and the effects of therapy.ResultsOnly 17% of the patients met both Hoashi’s and ICCS criteria, whereas 26% met both Hoashi’s and Rittig’s criteria. The therapeutic effect of DDAVP did not differ significantly between these two groups: there was an effective rate of 73% (Hoashi’s criteria) versus 50% (ICCS criteria), P = 0.19, and an effective rate of 71% (Hoashi’s criteria) versus 62% (Rittig’s criteria), P = 0.84.ConclusionsHoashi’s criteria are widely used but, according to both the ICCS and Rittig’s criteria, approximately 80% of the patients did not fulfill the definition of NP. However, 8 weeks after the DDAVP treatment began, no significant difference was observed in the therapeutic effect of DDAVP according to each set of criteria. The definition of NP should account for the physical disparities between Japanese people and Westerners.
Patient preferences for growth hormone treatment in Japanese children
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Sato Takahiro , Yuasa Akira , Akiyama Takeshi , Tawseef Adeeb 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are not clear evidence to date evaluating patients' and caregivers' preferences for the recombinant‐human growth hormone (r‐hGH) injection in children in Japan. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluated the factors driving preferences for daily r‐hGH injections among Japanese children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) or their caregivers and to determine the relative importance of treatment delivery factors.MethodsThis study was performed among Japanese children with GHD or their caregivers who visited a specialized clinic in Japan as part of their routine care. The participants were asked to complete a web‐based discrete choice experiment (DCE) questionnaire.ResultsChoice‐based conjoint analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of the attributes of the choice predictors and determine utility scores for each attribute. Of the 47 respondents who participated in this study, 41 were caregivers who responded on behalf of the patients, the remaining six were patients who completed the DCE themselves. The injection schedule was found to be the most important factor for both patients and caregivers; a once‐weekly injection schedule was preferred over a daily injection schedule. Storage and preparation was deemed more important to patients than it was to caregivers, with patients preferring storage at room temperature even if it required additional mixing (reconstitution). Both patients and caregivers showed a clear preference for devices that offered a dose‐setting memory.ConclusionsA less frequent injection schedule may enhance adherence to r‐hGH treatment and expected improve quality of life for GHD patients over the long term.
Nordic cyanobacterial and algal lipids: Triacylglycerol accumulation, chemotaxonomy and bioindustrial potential
Authors: Santana‐Sánchez Anita , Lynch Fiona , Sirin Sema , Allahverdiyeva Yagut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability to capture and convert sunlight, water and nutrients into useful compounds make photosynthetic microbes ideal candidates for the bio‐industrial factories of the future. However, the suitability of isolates from temperate regions to grow under Nordic conditions is questionable. In this work, we explore the chemotaxonomy of Nordic strains of cyanobacteria and one green alga and evaluate their potential as raw materials for the production of lipid‐based bio‐industrial compounds. Thin‐layer chromatography was used to identify the presence of triacylglycerol, which were detected in the majority of strains. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were analysed to determine the suitability of strains for the production of biodiesel or the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the nutraceutical industry. The Nordic Synechococcus strains were unique in demonstrating fatty acid profiles comprised mostly C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 and lacking polyunsaturated fatty acids. These properties translated to superior predicted biodiesel qualities, including cetane number, cold filter plugging point and oxidative stability compared to the other evaluated strains. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected at high levels (38–53%), with Calothrix sp. 336/3 being abundant in two essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha‐linolenic acid (21 and 17%, respectively). Gamma‐linoleic acid was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid for the remaining strains (13–21%). In addition to assessing the potential of Nordic strains for bio‐industrial production, this work also discusses issues such as taxonomy and predictive modelling, which can affect the identification of prospective high‐performing strains.
Manufacturing and National Security
Authors: Schmid Steven R. , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The importance of manufacturing to national security is recognized by defense professionals across the political spectrum. And yet, investments in American manufacturing infrastructure have fallen behind other nations, exacerbating security concerns. As a new administration sets its course for both economic and security policy, there is an opportunity for new investments in infrastructure, education, and research and development to support advanced manufacturing that can enhance the national defense.
Computational Efficiency Improvement of Dimple Textured Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using Progressive Mesh Densification Method
Authors: Syed Nayab Rasool , Kakoty Sashindra Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is a considerable amount of study carried out on textured hydrodynamic bearings. The numerical solution of textured bearings is a matter of concern for the researchers. There are several methods used to estimate the performance parameters of textured bearings. However, progressive mesh densification (PMD) method is not yet used for textured bearings while it has been used for mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and thermo-EHL problems. In the present analysis, the PMD method is implemented to estimate the performance parameters of the textured journal bearing. It is compared with the multigrid and the fixed mesh methods and found to be very effective in improving computational efficiency.
Fury and the Landscape Film: Three Men Who Left Their Will on
Concrete
Authors: Alekseyeva Julia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the 1960s, Japanese artists and filmmakers directed their fury against the sterile urban landscapes which surrounded them. The “Theory of Landscape,” developed by Matsuda Masao as well as many other filmmakers, artists, and writers, posited that our lived landscape is an expression of dominant political power. This article uses the lens of Landscape Theory to analyze three Japanese political avant-garde films from the late 1960s and early 1970s, all of which mark frustration and anger through a reworking of the mundane urban environment that surrounds them: Wakamatsu Koji’s Go, Go Second Time Virgin (1969), Oshima Nagisa’s The Man Who Left His Will on Film (1970), and Terayama Shuji’s Throw Away Your Books, Rally in the Streets (1971). These three films, whose narratives are fundamentally integrated with the discourse of Landscape Theory, use forms of violence to create gaps and fissures within the coldly modernized Tokyo landscape. While the forms of violence they use might differ, Wakamatsu, Oshima, and Terayama’s films critique and interrupt their cityscape, rendering the violence inherent in its concrete walls and buildings explicit.
Introduction to “City as Landscape” (1970) by Matsuda
Masao (1933–2020)
Authors: Prichard Franz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This introduction to Masao Matsuda’s essay, “The City as Landscape,” provides an outline of the essay’s role in the emergence of a radical discourse of landscape, known as fūkei-ron in Japan. In addition to illuminating crucial aspects of the political and discursive context of Matsuda’s writings, the introduction orients contemporary readers to this essay’s contributions to an expansion of the global imaginaries and aesthetic genealogies of the radical left.
Landscape and Its Double: The Technological Sublime
Authors: Harutyunyan Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The essay inquires about the historical condition of representation in our present while invoking the modern experience of the sublime and landscape as the medium of that experience. Can the sublime as the experience of the subject confronted with the very limits of representation be extended to our late capitalist conditions of mediatized representations? What constitutes “a landscape” as the site of the experience of the sublime in late capitalism? The essay addresses these questions through a renewed discussion of Walter Benjamin’s “The Work of Art in the Age of Technological Reproducibility” (1936) by focusing on the discussion of the aura and the decay of the aura in relation to landscape. In the wake of the failure of a transformative praxis to bring about a new social order, the technologically hyper-mediated engagement of man with nature under the conditions of extreme alienation and reification results in the production of the aesthetics of destruction experienced as “supreme pleasure”. In the age of the atomic bomb and technological hyper-mediation, the singularity of the moment of the experience of the sublime is multiply reproduced. The essay ends with an analysis of Werner Herzog’s 1992 film Lessons of Darkness as an example of rendering cinematically the aura’s survival under the conditions of its decay in the burning oil fields of Kuwait. Capitalism’s “desert of the real”, as the vast desert in Kuwait in Herzog’s film, is precisely the landscape in relation to which the subject attempts to represent that which evades representation (the event, nature, capitalism, and so on).
Teaching a Social Science Course on Climate Change: Suggestions for Active Learning
Authors: Duram Leslie A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious research indicates the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when teaching about climate change. Specifically, social science perspectives allow students to understand the policy, economic, cultural, and personal influences that impact environmental change. This article describes one such college course that employed active-learning techniques. Course topics included community resilience, environmental education, historical knowledge timeline, climate justice, social vulnerability, youth action, science communication, hope versus despair, misinformation, and climate refugees. To unify these concepts, engaging activities were developed that specifically address relevant individual, local, state, national, and international climate resilience themes. Students assessed their personal climate footprint, explored social/cultural influences, wrote policy requests to relevant local/state government officials, studied national policy options, and learned about previous global initiatives. The course culminated in a mock global climate summit, which was modeled on a Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This final activity required each student to prepare a policy report and represent a nation in negotiating a multilateral climate agreement. It is accepted that climate change education must include physical data on the impacts of anthropogenic emissions. It is also essential that students appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of climate adaptations, become hopeful about addressing change, and gain skills necessary to engage as informed climate citizens.
Femoral nerve injury in gynecologic surgery: medico-legal issues for best surgical practices
Authors: Fedeli Piergiorgio , Guida Maurizio , Giugliano Pasquale , Mazzarelli Laura Letizia , D’Apuzzo Annalisa , Scendoni Roberto , Vacchiano Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Femoral nerve injury following gynecologic surgery may be a postoperative complication, leading to medical malpractice claims and litigation.

Methods and results
A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from 973 medico-legal reports of suspected malpractice in gynecologic surgery, filed with the Italian Court between 2000 and 2010. Twelve cases were selected for proven negligence, after a blinded investigation conducted by a gynecologist and a medico-legal expert. Surgical data included type of procedure (hysterectomy, salpingectomy, cesarean section, endometriosis excision), duration of procedure, patient position, and use of retractors. For each case, the observed neuropathy, degree of severity, and recovery time after physical therapy were described. Neuropathies were classified into three categories: neuropraxia (three cases), axonotmesis (six cases), and neurotmesis (three cases) with high sensory and motor deficits. Many particular conditions and pre-existing comorbidity were observed. Two neuropraxia cases were associated with the lithotomy position; axonotmesis cases were related to the incorrect use of self-retaining retractors and an inadequate lithotomy position.

Conclusions
To avoid potential malpractice lawsuits, care must be taken to accurately collect data linked to individual factors and the possible complications of a surgical procedure. A detailed description is required of the patient’s position on the surgical table, the self-retaining retractors selected, length of time they were in use, maximum tractive force exerted, and their inspection or repositioning during the operation.