bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing access and benefit sharing into the digital age
Authors: Aubry Sylvain , Frison Christine , Medaglia Jorge C. , Frison Emile , Jaspars Marcel , Rabone Muriel , Sirakaya Aysegul , Saxena Devanshi , van Zimmeren Esther 
Published: February 2021

Societal Impact StatementReading and writing DNA is now possible with an unprecedented speed and ease. To catch up with digitization of genetic resources, scientists need to join with all relevant stakeholders and design new global governance mechanisms for digital sequence information. We propose the establishment of a Multi‐stakeholder Committee on the Governance of Digital Sequence Information (DSI). This multi‐disciplinary body will be dedicated to mitigate governance issues associated with the digitization of genetic resources. Solving the DSI conundrum is sorely needed given the forthcoming multilateral meetings of the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework (the next CBD COP is scheduled in 2021) that are central to tackle the global loss of biodiversity, global warming, pandemic risk and food insecurity.SummaryContemporary research is increasingly data‐centric and the rise of genomics revolutionized our approach and use of genetic resources. However, genomics developed relatively independently from the international instruments on the conservation of biological diversity, in particular the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework. The legal and political status of Digital Sequence Information (DSI) derived from genetic resources emerged recently as a contentious point in the various ABS instruments dealing with genetic resources. In view of the multiple parallel and uncoordinated debates that occurred in various forums dealing with plants, animals, terrestrial, microbial, marine and agricultural biodiversity, we propose here to take a step back in the discussion. We argue that DSI should be considered as an overarching issue to be addressed through a coordinated and inclusive Multi‐stakeholder Committee that would assess its position and role within the existing ABS regime complex. This Multi‐stakeholder Committee on the Governance of Digital Sequence Information, that may run under the auspices of the United Nations, will be dedicated to mitigate global governance issues associated with the digitization of genetic resources. In this paper, we sketch this body as a transversal and inclusive tool to facilitate long‐term coherence in all ABS policy forums.
Early volume targeted ventilation in preterm infants born at 22–25 weeks of gestational age
Authors: Wallström Linda , Sjöberg Amanda , Sindelar Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly hypocapnia in preterm infants is associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Volume targeted ventilation (VTV) has been shown to reduce hypocapnia in preterm infants. Less is known of VTV in infants born at <26 weeks gestational age (GA).ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the short‐ and long‐term effects of early VTV as compared to pressure limited ventilation (PLV) in extremely preterm infants on the incidence of hypocapnia, days on ventilatory support, IVH, and BPD.Study DesignA retrospective observational study of 104 infants born at 22–25 weeks GA (mean ± SD; 24+0 ± 1+1 GA; birth weight 619 ± 146 g), ventilated with either VTV (n = 44) or PLV (n = 60) on their first day of life. Ventilatory data and blood gases were collected at admission and every fourth hour during the first day of life, together with perinatal characteristics and outcomes.ResultsPeak inflation pressure (PIP) was lower in the VTV‐group than in the PLV‐group during the first 20 h of life (p < .05), without any difference in respiratory rate or FiO2. Incidence of hypocapnia (PaCO2 < 4.5 kPa) was lower with VTV than PLV during the first day of life (32% vs. 62%; p < .01). Infants in the VTV‐group were more frequently extubated at 24 h (30% vs. 13%; p < .05). IVH Grade ≥3, BPD, and time on mechanical ventilation did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsVTV is safe to apply in infants born at <26 GA and was observed to result in a lower incidence of hypocapnia compared to infants ventilated by PLV, without any differences in outcomes.
School segregation of migrants and their descendants in a dual school system: The case of Barcelona
Authors: Bayona‐i‐Carrasco Jordi , Domingo Andreu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study analyses levels of school segregation of students of immigrant origin in a city of the south of Europe, namely, Barcelona, which is characterised by a rapidly increasing growth of international immigration in recent decades and moderate or even low levels of residential segregation of immigrants. Besides its analysis of nationality and origin, its main contribution is that it explores a generational typology classifying students according to their place of birth, year of arrival and origin of progenitors, thus revealing different degrees of school segregation in keeping with each student's migratory history. Moreover, in the context of a dual school system (public and private), segregation is analysed by breaking it down in accordance with state or private ownership of the school. The results indicate a marked degree of segregation among students of the first generation and also among descendants of immigrants, showing how the dual school system is responsible for a significant part of the segregation, and that comparison of residential and school segregation always shows that the latter is greater.
A case‐study of the coupled ocean–atmosphere response to an oceanic diurnal warm layer
Authors: Brilouet Pierre‐Etienne , Redelsperger Jean‐Luc , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle , Couvreux Fleur , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA modelling case‐study based on observations from the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation field campaign is presented and discussed. It aims at investigating the ocean–atmosphere coupling and the marine atmospheric boundary‐layer structure over an oceanic diurnal warm layer. This case corresponds to the development of a diurnal warm layer characterized by a sea surface temperature diurnal cycle of ∼2°C. A 1D oceanic model with high vertical resolution is used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the establishment and decay of the diurnal warm layer highlighting competing impact of the absorption of the solar radiation, the turbulent transport and the surface heat loss. An atmospheric large‐eddy simulation coupled to the 1D oceanic model is then presented and extensively evaluated against the numerous observations available for this case. The simulation is able to reproduce the surface fluxes and the main boundary‐layer structures. This study thus provides a case to investigate the ability of parametrizations to handle the ocean–atmosphere coupling and its impact on the atmospheric boundary layer.
Benchmark density functional theory calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts of the natural antimalarial compounds with a new basis set 3z‐S
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe PBE0 functional in combination with a new highly economical triple zeta basis set 3z‐S was applied for the benchmark calculations of 13C NMR chemical shifts in a series of 16 plant and marine antimalarial natural products involving quinine, neoquassin ether, korundamine A, cycleanine, 10′‐hydroxyusambarensine, sarachine, matopensine, acantholactam, vertine, lobatin B, domesticulide B, bielschowskysin, oxojatrophadiene, jasplakinolide Q, ellagic acid, and trioxacarcin D. 13C NMR chemical shifts calculated with a new basis set 3z‐S demonstrated a markedly good agreement with available experimental data characterized with a corrected mean absolute error of about 2 ppm for the range of 200 ppm. The acceptable accuracy of 3z‐S when compared to larger basis sets, can be obtained at a reduced cost, which provides a prospective use of 3z‐S basis set for 13C NMR calculations in a wide series of natural products.
Analysis of the communication links between the AlSat‐1b satellite and the ground station: The impact of the Auto Tracking system on antenna pointing accuracy
Authors: Bekkar Djelloul Saiah Saiah , Bensikaddour Elhabib , Kaddouri Ali , Belbachir Redouane , Nasri Boualem , Baba Hamed Djamel Eddine 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe communication links between a satellite and the Earth station (ES) are exposed to many impairments such as noise, rain, and atmospheric attenuations. They are also prone to loss such as those resulting from antenna pointing and polarization. The Algerian Earth Observation satellite AlSat‐1b is designed to accomplish its mission in S‐band (Telecommands and Telemetry) and X‐band (images) frequencies in low Earth orbit (LEO). The ground segment (GS) of this satellite, situated in Oran, Algeria, is based on the X/Y antenna mounting system with 7.3‐m dish diameter. This large reflector can cause antenna pointing errors. The Antenna Control Unit (ACU) implemented in this station can be configured with or without an AutoTrack system. In this work, operational tests and analysis of the different communication links between AlSat‐1b and the ground station are presented. The obtained results clearly show that the quality of the S‐band links can reliably and efficiently satisfy the requirements without the use of the AutoTrack. On the contrary, the use of AutoTrack is necessary in order to obtain an improved level of link quality in the X band.
Palladium Nitrosyl Complexes as Highly Versatile Catalysts for C−H/C−H Oxidative Coupling of Arenes: Application Area and Insight into Mechanism
Authors: Shishilov Oleg N. , Shamsiev Ravshan S. , Akhmadullina Nailya S. , Flid Vitaly R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPalladium nitrsosyl carboxylates Pd3(NO)2(CX3CO2)4(ArH)2 (I: X=Cl, Ar=Ph; II: X=F, Ar=Tol) are found to be effective catalysts for C−H/C−H oxidative homocoupling of arenes bearing electron‐donor as well as electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG). Trifluoroacetate complex II is found to be more promising due to higher stability under the reaction conditions. Complex II also shows high performance in intramolecular coupling in diarylsulfides, diarylethers and diarylamines giving corresponding dibenzothiophenes, dibenzofurans and carbazoles with yields ranged from moderate to high. The plausible mechanism is studied by DFT computational analysis basing on Pd3 linear complexes as major active species. It was found that two deprotonation steps proceed in two different ways: for the first deprotonation SEAr is most probable pathway while for the second one concerted metalation‐deprotonation (CMD) is preferable. That can explain high tolerance of the system to different substrates: SEAr is favorable in the presence of electron donor group and EWG facilitate CMD. NO group was found to be involved into the CMD pathway and that is the rate‐determining step with the highest activation barrier.
Visible‐Light‐Induced C‐P‐Bond Formation Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Copper Oxide/Zinc Oxide (rGO/CuO/ZnO) as Ternary Recyclable Nanophotocatalyst
Authors: Firoozi Somayeh , Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe reduced graphene oxide and copper oxide loaded on zinc oxide (rGO/CuO/ZnO) was successfully synthesized, fully characterized, and applied as a highly efficient reusable nano photocatalyst for the synthesis of aryl phosphonate derivatives starting from trialkyl phosphites and arylhydrazines in the presence of visible light radiation at room temperature in the air atmosphere under eco‐friendly and very mild reaction conditions without using base, oxidant, additive or ligand. Moreover, this strategy is the first report of the use of rGO/CuO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite as heterogeneous photocatalyst in organic synthesis.
Sustainable Synthesis, NMR and Computational Study of Isobutylmesitylphosphine
Authors: Gafurov Zufar N. , Zueva Ekaterina M. , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe alkyl‐aryl‐substituted secondary phosphines i‐Bu(Mes)PH and Cy(Mes)PH are obtained from the reaction of the electrochemically generated organonickel sigma‐complex [NiBr(Mes)(bpy)] (Mes=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) with primary phosphines i‐BuPH2 and CyPH2, respectively. Detailed multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations were used to assign the diastereotopic protons of i‐Bu(Mes)PH.
Oxygen‐Bridged Triphenylamine Units Tuning the Photophysical Properties of Classical Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex
Authors: Cao Yibo , Song Jialiang , Li Gang , Zheng Ying , Shi Chao , Li Qiuxia , Yuan Aihua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new yellow phosphorescent iridium(III) complex Ir(ppybop)2acac with two oxygen‐bridged triphenylamine units were prepared and investigated. The cyclometalating ligand ppybop was synthesized by the efficient Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of oxygen‐bridged triarylamine unit based boron reagent 1‐a and 2‐(4‐Bromophenyl)pyridine, and the acetylacetone (acac) was used as an auxiliary ligand. Notably, the complex Ir(ppybop)2acac measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer can show a larger redshift emission (λem=568 nm), a narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM=59 nm), a longer emission lifetime (τ[b]=3127 ns) and a better solubility in comparison with the classical green complex Ir(ppy)2acac (λem=520 nm, FWHM=70 nm, τ[b]=1206 ns). In addition, the DFT calculation results indicate that the strong electron‐donating ability of the unit can lead to the unusual ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (3LMCT) excited state characteristics of Ir(ppybop)2acac, which is completely different from the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) in Ir(ppy)2acac. This result can provide a new strategy for the design of new phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes.
S‐Denitrosylation by the C‐Terminal Swinging Arm of R1 Subunit: A Novel Mechanism to Restore Ribonucleotide Reductase Activity
Authors: Sengupta Rajib , Coppo Lucia , Sircar Esha , Mishra Pradeep , Holmgren Arne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThioredoxin (Trx) system plays a crucial role as an electron donor for ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis. Here, we show that the S‐nitrosylation of the R1 subunit inhibits RNR catalysis and that the enzyme activity is restored via denitrosylation mediated by shuttle dithiols (in a CXXC motif) of the R1 C‐terminal tail or by an externally supplied R1 C‐terminal peptide (containing vicinal dithiols), in case of a R1 C‐terminal mutant. The Trx system was found to be necessary for regeneration of the oxidized vicinal dithiols in the C‐terminal tail/peptide. Our results with recombinant RNR highlighted the importance of C‐terminal vicinal dithiols of R1, in regenerating the RNR activity of S‐nitrosylated R1 subunits. This study will contribute towards a better understanding of S‐(de)nitrosylation mediated regulation of RNR activity.
Separation of power and expertise: Evidence of the tyranny of experts in Sweden's COVID‐19 responses
Authors: Bylund Per L. , Packard Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhereas most countries in the COVID‐19 pandemic imposed shutdowns and curfews to mitigate the contagion, Sweden uniquely pursued a more voluntarist approach. In this article, our interest is primarily on how and why Sweden's approach to the pandemic was so unique. There are two parts to this research question: (1) why did virtually all other nations follow a radical lockdown protocol despite limited evidence to its effectiveness and (2) why did Sweden not follow this same protocol despite strong political pressures? The answers to these questions lie within typical government technocracy versus Sweden's constitutional separation of government and technocracy. We review the history of the responses to the pandemic and show how the “tyranny of experts” was severe within the typical technocratic policy response, and attenuated in Sweden's. Thus, the recent pandemic offers empirical evidence and insights regarding the role of Hayekian knowledge problems in engendering a technocratic “tyranny of experts” and how such effects can be structurally mitigated.
Systematic review of features for co‐simulating security incidents in Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Czekster Ricardo M. , Morisset Charles , Clark John A. , Soudjani Sadegh , Patsios Charalampos , Davison Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyber‐Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) plus energy are the enabling technology of modern power systems also known as the Smart Grid (SG). A SG may consist of thousands of interconnected components communicating and exchanging data across layers that stretch beyond technical capabilities, for instance, markets and customer interactions. Cyber‐physical security is a major source of concern due to the high reliance of the SG on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their widespread use. Addressing security requires developing modeling and simulation tools that approximate and replicate adversarial behavior in the SG. These tools have in fact two simulators, one handling continuous power flows and another for capturing the discrete behavior when communicating across CPS or IoT components. The technique of composing two models of computation in a global simulation of these coupled systems is called co‐simulation. Although there are many frameworks and tools for co‐simulation, the set of features for modeling cyber‐physical security incidents in the SG lacks thorough understanding. We present a systematic review of features and tools for co‐simulating these concerns in CPS. We also highlight and discuss research gaps with respect to the most used tools in industry and academia and comment on their relevant features.
Emergent Bilinguals’ Use of Word Prediction Software Amid Digital Composing
Authors: Brown Sally , Allmond Alexandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComposing is an essential part of literacy development in early childhood classrooms, and writing experiences are continually changing through advances in technology. Writing in a new language can be particularly challenging for emergent bilinguals as they navigate learning how to spell in English as part of the writing process. New pedagogical tools must be used to support these students as meaning makers and composers. In this study, we investigated how a group of first‐grade emergent bilinguals used word prediction software as they created digital compositions over the course of a year. The results suggest several positive ways, such as basic spelling support, extended written responses, and additional opportunities to practice reading, that this digital tool enhanced the meaning‐making process of emergent bilingual writers. Recommendations for educators to implement word prediction software in classrooms are included.
Clinical reasoning in canine vestibular syndrome: Which presenting factors are important?
Authors: Harrison Eleanor , Grapes Nick J. , Volk Holger A. , De Decker Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Although the use of clinical reasoning has been evaluated for several neurological presentations, this approach has not yet been investigated for dogs with vestibular syndrome.Methods: Two hundred and thirty‐nine dogs presenting with vestibular syndrome were included in this retrospective study. Univariate analysis of variables (clinical history, signalment, clinical presentation and neurological examination findings) was performed. Variables with p < 0.3 were selected for logistic regression.Results: Ninety‐five percent of dogs were represented by eight conditions: idiopathic vestibular disease (n = 78 dogs), otitis media interna (n = 54), meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n = 35), brain neoplasia (n = 26), ischaemic infarct (n = 25), intracranial empyema (n = 4), metronidazole toxicity (n = 3) and neoplasia affecting the middle ear (n = 3). Idiopathic vestibular disease was associated with higher age, higher bodyweight, improving clinical signs, pathological nystagmus, facial nerve paresis, absence of Horner's syndrome and a peripheral localisation. Otitis media interna was associated with younger age, male gender, Horner's syndrome, a peripheral localisation and a history of otitis externa. Ischaemic infarct was associated with older age, peracute onset of signs, absence of strabismus and a central localisation.Conclusions: Discrete clinical features can be used to identify the most likely diagnosis in dogs with vestibular syndrome.
Hypoxaemia and bradyarrhythmia in a foal undergoing surgical bladder repair
Authors: Petruccione Ilaria , Levionnois Olivier , Pawson Patricia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA five‐day‐old female Thoroughbred foal was diagnosed with uroperitoneum and ruptured bladder. Prior to general anaesthesia mild hyperkalaemia (5.2 mmol L−1) and respiratory distress were noticed. Under general anaesthesia urine was drained rapidly by free flow through an abdominal incision. During abdominal drainage heart rate declined from 80 to 40 beats per minute and atrial standstill was suspected on the electrocardiogram. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed worsening hyperkalaemia (6 mmol L−1) and severe hypoxaemia (PaO231 mmHg). Calcium gluconate, 23% 4 mg kg−1diluted 1:4 with sodium chloride 0.9%, was administer over 20 minutes to restoring the resting membrane potential. To treat hypoxaemia, mechanical ventilation was started and salbutamol 100 μg was administered through the endotracheal tube. Atrial standstill resolved and heart rate increased. General anaesthesia ended without further complications. Careful pre‐operative preparation is required in foals with uroperitoneum to avoid the exacerbation of relatively mild alterations in electrolyte balance.
Review on publicly available datasets for educational data mining
Authors: Mihaescu Marian Cristian , Popescu Paul Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe availability of a dataset represents a critical component in educational data mining (EDM) pipelines. Once the dataset is at hand, the next steps within the research methodology regard proper research issue formulation, data analysis pipeline design and implementation and, finally, presentation of validation results. As the EDM research area is continuously growing due to the increasing number of available tools and technologies, one of the critical issues that constitute a bottleneck regards a properly documented review on publicly available datasets. This paper aims to present a succinct, yet informative, description of the most used publicly available data sources along with their associated EDM tasks, used algorithms, experimental results and main findings. We have found that there are three types of data sources: well‐known data sources, datasets used in EDM competitions and standalone EDM datasets. We conclude that the success of the future of EDM data sources will rely on their ability to manage proposed approaches and their experimental results as a dashboard of benchmarked runs. Under these circumstances, the reproducibility of data analysis pipelines and benchmarking of proposed algorithms becomes at hand for the research community such that progress in the EDM domain may be much more easily acquired. The most crucial outcome regards the possibility of continuously improving existing data analysis pipelines by tackling EDM tasks that rely on publicly available datasets and benchmarking data analysis pipelines that use open‐source implementations.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining