bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Refractive Index of Polymers with a Plant‐Based Pigment
Authors: Yasir Mohammad , Sai Tianqi , Sicher Alba , Scheffold Frank , Steiner Ullrich , Wilts Bodo D. , Dufresne Eric R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolymers are essential components of many nanostructured materials. However, the refractive indices of common polymers fall in a relatively narrow range between 1.4 and 1.6. Here, it is demonstrated that loading commercially‐available polymers with large concentrations of a plant‐based pigment can effectively enhance their refractive index. For polystyrene (PS) loaded with 67 w/w% β‐carotene (BC), a peak value of 2.2 near the absorption edge at 531 nm is achieved, while maintaining values above 1.75 across longer wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Despite high pigment loadings, this blend maintains the thermoforming ability of PS, and BC remains molecularly dispersed. Similar results are demonstrated for the plant‐derived polymer ethyl cellulose (EC). Since the refractive index enhancement is intimately connected to the introduction of strong absorption, it is best suited to applications where light travels short distances through the material, such as reflectors and nanophotonic systems. Enhanced reflectance from films is experimentally demonstrated, as large as sevenfold for EC at selected wavelengths. Theoretical calculations highlight that this simple strategy can significantly increase light scattering by nanoparticles and enhance the performance of Bragg reflectors.
Cadmium induces ferroptosis and apoptosis by modulating miR‐34a‐5p/Sirt1axis in PC12 cells
Authors: Hao Rili , Ge Junlin , Song Xinyu , Li Feng , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Li Dapeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a potent neurotoxic metal present in the environment and food. In this study, CdCl2 (2 or 4 μM) induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, causing decreases in cell viability and NEP protein expression and increase in p‐tau protein expression. For the first time, CdCl2‐initiated injury was found to result from the induction of not only apoptosis but also ferroptosis, as evidenced by the increased iron content, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential along with changes in the expressions of iron death‐related genes (FTH1, GPX4, ASCL4, PTGS2, and NOX1) and levels of caspase9, Bax, and Bcl‐2 proteins. The molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis and ferroptosis at least included the participation of the miR‐34a‐5p/Sirt1 axis, in which miR‐34a‐5p promoted CdCl2‐induced neurotoxicity through targeting Sirt1. Knocking out miR‐34a‐5p attenuated CdCl2‐induced damage of PC12 cells, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This research provides the underlying molecular mechanisms of CdCl2‐induced damage and asserts the role of miRNAs as critical regulators.
Top-philic heavy resonances in four-top final states and their EFT interpretation
Authors: Darmé Luc , Fuks Benjamin , Maltoni Fabio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With an expected rate of about one event per 100,000 top-quark pairs, four top-quark final states very rarely arise at the LHC. Though scarce, they offer a unique window onto top-quark compositeness, self-interactions and more generically, onto any top-philic new physics. By employing simplified models featuring heavy resonances, we study the range of validity of effective theory interpretations of current four top-quark analyses at the LHC and establish their future reach at the HL-LHC. We find that for the class of models under consideration, the effective field theory interpretations are not applicable. We therefore present the most up-to-date limits obtained from public CMS analyses using simplified models. Finally, we put forward a novel recasting strategy for the experimental results based on the production of top quarks with large transverse momentum.
Celestial IR divergences and the effective action of supertranslation modes
Authors: Nguyen Kevin , Salzer Jakob 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Infrared divergences in perturbative gravitational scattering amplitudes have been recently argued to be governed by the two-point function of the supertranslation Goldstone mode on the celestial sphere. We show that the form of this celestial two-point function simply derives from an effective action that also controls infrared divergences in the symplectic structure of General Relativity with asymptotically flat boundary conditions. This effective action finds its natural place in a path integral formulation of a celestial conformal field theory, as we illustrate by re-deriving the infrared soft factors in terms of celestial correlators. Our analysis relies on a well-posed action principle close to spatial infinity introduced by Compère and Dehouck.
Topological stars, black holes and generalized charged Weyl solutions
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Heidmann Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We construct smooth static bubble solutions, denoted as topological stars, in five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theories which are asymptotic to ℝ1,3×S1. The bubbles are supported by allowing electromagnetic fluxes to wrap smooth topological cycles. The solutions live in the same regime as non-extremal static charged black strings, that reduce to black holes in four dimensions. We generalize to multi-body configurations on a line by constructing closed-form generalized charged Weyl solutions in the same theory. Generic solutions consist of topological stars and black strings stacked on a line, that are wrapped by electromagnetic fluxes. We embed the solutions in type IIB String Theory on S1×T4. In this framework, the charged Weyl solutions provide a novel class in String Theory of multiple charged objects in the non-supersymmetric and non-extremal black hole regime.
Genomic and physiological analyses of the zebrafish atrioventricular canal reveal molecular building blocks of the secondary pacemaker region
Authors: Abu Nahia Karim , Migdał Maciej , Quinn T. Alexander , Poon Kar-Lai , Łapiński Maciej , Sulej Agata , Liu Jiandong , Mondal Shamba S. , Pawlak Michał , Bugajski Łukasz , Piwocka Katarzyna , Brand Thomas , Kohl Peter , Korzh Vladimir , Winata Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe atrioventricular canal (AVC) is the site where key structures responsible for functional division between heart regions are established, most importantly, the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system and cardiac valves. To elucidate the mechanism underlying AVC development and function, we utilized transgenic zebrafish line sqet31Et expressing EGFP in the AVC to isolate this cell population and profile its transcriptome at 48 and 72 hpf. The zebrafish AVC transcriptome exhibits hallmarks of mammalian AV node, including the expression of genes implicated in its development and those encoding connexins forming low conductance gap junctions. Transcriptome analysis uncovered protein-coding and noncoding transcripts enriched in AVC, which have not been previously associated with this structure, as well as dynamic expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and components of TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways likely reflecting ongoing AVC and valve development. Using transgenic line Tg(myl7:mermaid) encoding voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein, we show that abolishing the pacemaker-containing sinoatrial ring (SAR) through Isl1 loss of function resulted in spontaneous activation in the AVC region, suggesting that it possesses inherent automaticity although insufficient to replace the SAR. The SAR and AVC transcriptomes express partially overlapping species of ion channels and gap junction proteins, reflecting their distinct roles. Besides identifying conserved aspects between zebrafish and mammalian conduction systems, our results established molecular hallmarks of the developing AVC which underlies its role in structural and electrophysiological separation between heart chambers. This data constitutes a valuable resource for studying AVC development and function, and identification of novel candidate genes implicated in these processes.
Gesättigte Fettsäuren und kardiovaskuläres Risiko
Authors: Worm N. , Weingärtner O. , Schulze C. , Lechner K. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie „Fetthypothese der koronaren Herzkrankheit“, derzufolge „gesättigte Fettsäuren“ („saturated fatty acids“, SFA) die LDL(„low-density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterin-Konzentration (LDL-C) steigern und folglich das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen erhöhen, prägte die Ernährungsempfehlungen der letzten 60 Jahre, zunächst in den USA und später auch in Europa. Über die Jahre mehrte sich Evidenz aus Epidemiologie und kontrollierten klinischen Studien, dass der Konsum von SFA per se nicht mit einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko einhergeht bzw. die Einschränkung des Konsums von SFA keine präventive Wirkung zeigt. Die Fokussierung auf den SFA-Gehalt negiert die biologisch heterogenen und zum Teil biologisch günstigen Wirkungen unterschiedlicher SFA. Zudem wird hierbei außer Acht gelassen, dass SFA in intakten Lebensmitteln in unterschiedliche komplexe Matrizes eingebunden sind, die aus Dutzenden Nährstoffen mit unterschiedlicher Struktur und Begleitstoffen bestehen und damit jeweils unterschiedliche biologische Antworten und metabolische Effekte auslösen. Entsprechend sind solche nährstoffbasierten Empfehlungen prinzipiell wenig zielführend und zudem schlecht umsetzbar. Hinzu kommt, dass LDL‑C kein geeigneter Marker ist, um den Effekt von Lebensstilintervention wie der Ernährung oder aber der körperlichen Aktivität auf das globale kardiovaskuläre Risiko zu beurteilen.
The Impact of Prematurity on Morbidity and Mortality in Newborns with Dextro-transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Boos Vinzenz , Bührer Christoph , Cho Mi-Young , Photiadis Joachim , Berger Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrematurity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes after arterial switch operation in newborns with d-TGA (d-TGA). In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of prematurity on postnatal and perioperative clinical management, morbidity, and mortality during hospitalization in neonates with simple and complex d-TGA who received arterial switch operation (ASO). Monocentric retrospective analysis of 100 newborns with d-TGA. Thirteen infants (13.0%) were born premature. Preterm infants required significantly more frequent mechanical ventilation in the delivery room (69.2% vs. 34.5%, p = 0.030) and during the preoperative course (76.9% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.014). Need for inotropic support (30.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.035) and red blood cell transfusions (46.2% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.004) was likewise increased. Preoperative mortality (23.1% vs 0.0%, p = 0.002) was significantly increased in preterm infants, with necrotizing enterocolitis as cause of death in two of three infants. In contrast, mortality during and after surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups (median 275 vs. 263 min, p = 0.322). After ASO, arterial lactate (34.5 vs. 21.5 mg/dL, p = 0.007), duration of mechanical ventilation (median 175 vs. 106 h, p = 0.038), and venous thrombosis (40.0% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.004) were increased in preterm, as compared to term infants. Gestational age (adjusted unit odds ratio 0.383, 95% confidence interval 0.179–0.821, p = 0.014) was independently associated with mortality. Prematurity is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and increased preoperative mortality in d-TGA patients.
Predictors of a successful vaginal delivery in women with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective analysis of 20 years
Authors: Weschenfelder Friederike , Herrmann Eva , Lehmann Thomas , Schleußner Ekkehard , Kloos Christof , Battfeld Wilgard , Groten Tanja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the independent factors associated with the success of a trial of vaginal birth (TVB) in women with type 1 diabetes. Despite all therapeutic efforts and technological innovations, rates of caesarean sections (CS) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes remain unchanged above 60%. Our aim was to point out influencing factors to improve the quality of antepartum counseling.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 195 pregnancies with type 1 diabetes treated between 2000 and 2019. After exclusions, 118 women with near-term singleton pregnancies intended vaginal birth (TVB). Group differences between CS and successful vaginal delivery were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed by including clinical and metabolic variables to determine the independent effects on a successful vaginal delivery. Subgroup analysis for nulliparous women.ResultsOf 118 women with TVB, 67 (56.8%) were delivered vaginally. History of previous vaginal delivery (OR 10.29; CI 2.39; 44.30), HbA1c changes during pregnancy (per % increase; OR 0.59; CI 0.36; 0.96) and gestational weight gain (per kg; OR 0.87; CI 0.80; 0.96) were independent predictors for a successful vaginal delivery. In nulliparous women, the duration of diabetes was independently and negatively associated with vaginal delivery.ConclusionProvided data can help to improve antepartum counseling in type 1 diabetic patients. It seems that women with type 1 diabetes should avoid postponing pregnancy and childbirth.
State-of-the-art surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Sapienza Paolo , Anania Gabriele , Binda Gian Andrea , Avenia Stefano , di Saverio Salomone , Tebala Giovanni Domenico , Zago Mauro , Donini Annibale , Mingoli Andrea , Nascimbeni Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn the last two decades, there has been a Copernican revolution in the decision-making for the treatment of Diverticular Disease.PurposeThis article provides a report on the state-of-the-art of surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis.ConclusionAcute diverticulitis is the most common reason for colonic resection after cancer; in the last decade, the indication for surgical resection has become more and more infrequent also in emergency. Currently, emergency surgery is seldom indicated, mostly for severe abdominal infective complications. Nowadays, uncomplicated diverticulitis is the most frequent presentation of diverticular disease and it is usually approached with a conservative medical treatment. Non-Operative Management may be considered also for complicated diverticulitis with abdominal abscess. At present, there is consensus among experts that the hemodynamic response to the initial fluid resuscitation should guide the emergency surgical approach to patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. In hemodynamically stable patients, a laparoscopic approach is the first choice, and surgeons with advanced laparoscopic skills report advantages in terms of lower postoperative complication rates. At the moment, the so-called Hartmann’s procedure is only indicated in severe generalized peritonitis with metabolic derangement or in severely ill patients. Some authors suggested laparoscopic peritoneal lavage as a bridge to surgery or also as a definitive treatment without colonic resection in selected patients. In case of hemodynamic instability not responding to fluid resuscitation, an initial damage control surgery seems to be more attractive than a Hartmann’s procedure, and it is associated with a high rate of primary anastomosis.
Environmental impact and life cycle financial cost of hybrid (reusable/single-use) instruments versus single-use equivalents in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Rizan Chantelle , Bhutta Mahmood F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Hybrid surgical instruments contain both single-use and reusable components, potentially bringing together advantages from both approaches. The environmental and financial costs of such instruments have not previously been evaluated.

Methods
We used Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of hybrid laparoscopic clip appliers, scissors, and ports used for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, comparing these with single-use equivalents. We modelled this using SimaPro and ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint methods to determine 18 midpoint environmental impacts including the carbon footprint, and three aggregated endpoint impacts. We also conducted life cycle cost analysis of products, taking into account unit cost, decontamination, and disposal costs.

Results
The environmental impact of using hybrid instruments for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was lower than single-use equivalents across 17 midpoint environmental impacts, with mean average reductions of 60%. The carbon footprint of using hybrid versions of all three instruments was around one-quarter of single-use equivalents (1756 g vs 7194 g CO2e per operation) and saved an estimated 1.13 e−5 DALYs (disability adjusted life years, 74% reduction), 2.37 e−8 species.year (loss of local species per year, 76% reduction), and US $ 0.6 in impact on resource depletion (78% reduction). Scenario modelling indicated that environmental performance of hybrid instruments was better even if there was low number of reuses of instruments, decontamination with separate packaging of certain instruments, decontamination using fossil-fuel-rich energy sources, or changing carbon intensity of instrument transportation. Total financial cost of using a combination of hybrid laparoscopic instruments was less than half that of single-use equivalents (GBP £131 vs £282).

Conclusion
Adoption of hybrid laparoscopic instruments could play an important role in meeting carbon reduction targets for surgery and also save money.
Epinephrine levels decrease in responders after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Pollak Christoph , Maier Hannah Benedictine , Moschny Nicole , Jahn Kirsten , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Neyazi Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examined potential changes in catecholamine plasma levels and cortisol serum levels in 29 patients with treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Blood samples were taken at three different time points: directly before (T1) and 15 min after (T2) the first ECT, and directly before the last one (T3). Patients responding to ECT had a significant decrease of the intraindividual epinephrine plasma level when both first time points (Δ T1-T2) were compared (χ2 (1) = 10.05, p = 0.002). This finding encourages further investigation in the understanding of the catecholamine-metabolism including its release and uptake in patients with treatment-resistant MDD receiving ECT.
Experimental verification of theoretical approaches for radial gravity currents draining from an edge
Authors: Petrolo D. , Ungarish M. , Chiapponi L. , Ciriello V. , Longo S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present an experimental study of inertial gravity currents (GCs) propagating in a cylindrical wedge under different drainage directions (inward/outward), lock-release (full/partial gate width) and geometry (annulus/full cylinder). We investigate the following combinations representative of operational conditions for dam-break flows: (i) inward drainage, annular reservoir, full gate; (ii) outward drainage, full reservoir, full gate; and (iii) outward drainage, full reservoir, partial gate. A single-layer shallow-water (SW) model is used for modelling the first two cases, while a box model interprets the third case; the results of these approximations are referred to as “theoretical”. We performed a first series of experiments with water as ambient fluid and brine as intruding fluid, measuring the time evolution of the volume in the reservoir and the velocity profiles in several sections; in a second series, air was the ambient and water was the intruding fluid. Careful measurements, accompanied by comparisons with the theoretical predictions, were performed for the behaviour of the interface, radial velocity and, most important, the volume decay $${\mathcal {V}}(t)/{\mathcal {V}}(0)$$

V
(
t
)
/
V
(
0
)

. In general, there is good agreement: the theoretical volume decay is more rapid than the measured one, but the discrepancies are a few percent and the agreement improves as the Reynolds number increases. Velocity measurements show a trend correctly reproduced by the SW model, although often a delay is observed and an over- or under-estimation of the peak values. Some experiments were conducted to verify the role of inconsistencies between experimental set-up and model assumptions, considering, for example, the presence or absence of a top lid, wedge angle much less than $$2\pi $$

2
π

, suppression of the viscous corner at the centre, reduction of disturbances in the dynamics of the ambient fluid: all these effects resulted in negligible impacts on the overall error. These experiments provide corroboration to the simple models used for capturing radial drainage flows, and also elucidate some effects (like oscillations of the radial flux) that are beyond the resolution of the models. This holds also for partial width lock-release, where axial symmetry is lost.
Multiple sclerosis and genetic polymorphisms in fibrinogen-mediated hemostatic pathways: a case–control study
Authors: Abbadessa Gianmarco , Miele Giuseppina , Di Pietro Andrea , Sparaco Maddalena , Palladino Raffaele , Armetta Ignazio , D’Elia Giovanna , Trojsi Francesca , Signoriello Elisabetta , Lus Giacomo , Lavorgna Luigi , Bonavita Simona 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Blood coagulation constituents might exert immunomodulatory functions in the CNS and may trigger neuroinflammation and demyelination. We evaluated whether particular single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), thought to be involved in fibrinogen-mediated hemostatic pathways, are overrepresented in patients with MS compared with controls.

Methods
The case–control study consisted of 119 MS patients recruited consecutively at our clinic, and 68 healthy controls. Afterwards, we created a cumulative genetic risk score (CGRS) which included the 5 selected hemostatic risk alleles (Beta-Fibrinogen 455G/A, Glycoprotein IIIa P1A2, Factor V Leiden, Factor V H2R, and Prothrombin 20210G/A). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression and multivariate multinomial logistic regression were applied to evaluate the effect of CGRS on MS susceptibility.

Results
The FGB 455 G/A and Factor V H1299R variants might be associated with MS status, in the recessive and dominant model, respectively. A cumulative association of the five SNPs investigated with the disease was observed.

Discussion
We found that MS patients carried more pro-hemostatic variants than healthy controls. An increasing number of unfavorable alleles might increase the likelihood of being in the MS group, in the cumulative analysis. Our findings encourage to evaluating these variants in a larger population-based cohort.