bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and nutritional properties of high protein emulsion‐type lupin‐based model milk alternatives: effect of protein source and homogenization pressure
Authors: Vogelsang‐O'Dwyer Martin , Sahin Aylin W , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant‐based milk alternatives are becoming more popular. However, many are low in nutrients, particularly protein. More attention is being given to plant protein isolates / concentrates as potential ingredients in high‐protein milk alternative formulations.RESULTSThe effect of lupin protein source on the physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of model milk alternatives was investigated. Milk alternatives were produced with either blue lupin or white lupin protein isolate, formulated to contain similar levels of protein and fat as low‐fat cow's milk. Nutritional composition and predicted glycemic properties were measured. The effect of homogenization pressure on the physicochemical properties and storage stability was also assessed, with cow's milk and soy milk alternative analyzed for comparison. Both blue and white lupin milk alternatives were high in protein, low in fermentable oligo‐, di‐ and monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), and had a low predicted glycemic index. White lupin milk alternatives had smaller particle size as well as greater stability, with less creaming compared to blue lupin milk alternatives, although the former showed slightly higher sediment layers. Increasing homogenization pressure from 180 to 780 bar resulted in smaller particle size, lower separation rate, and greater foamability for both blue and white lupin milk alternatives. White lupin milk alternative homogenized at 780 bar was found to be the most stable product, with a similar separation rate to cow's milk.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that protein source and processing can influence functional properties significantly along with product stability, and this is an important consideration when formulating high‐protein milk alternatives. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Use of water and ethanol extracts from wine grape seed pomace to prepare an antioxidant toothpaste
Authors: Emmulo Emanuela , Ceccantoni Brunella , Bellincontro Andrea , Mencarelli Fabio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtracts of fresh wine grape seeds/skin or of grape pomace seeds were used to prepare antioxidant natural toothpastes.RESULTSEthanol extracted twice more polyphenols than water; ultrasound did not provide any improvement in the extraction. The addition of freeze‐dried ethanol extracts of seeds or skin, at 2% and 10%, to the commercial toothpaste significantly increased the polyphenol content, both from white grape seeds and skin and from red grape seed pomace. The evaluation of time stability (shelf life) revealed a decrease, after 4 months, of 3.9% and 9.4% in total polyphenol content, in 5% and 10% water extracts, but not for ethanol extracts. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrilhydrazil1antiradical activity was the highest in 10% of seed water extract toothpaste and, after 4 months, the activity was stable.CONCLUSIONEthanol and water are efficient and safe solvents to create natural toothpaste with grape or pomace seed extract with antioxidant activity. © 2021 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Peripheral Vascular Resistance in Cerebral Arteries in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis – Substudy Results of the Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics Associated With a Progression Rate of the Plaque and a Risk of Stroke in Patients With the Carotid Bifurcation Plaque Study (ANTIQUE)
Authors: Kešnerová Petra , Školoudík David , Herzig Roman , Netuka David , Szegedi Istvan , Langová Kateřina ,   for the ANTIQUE Trial Group
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTranscranial color‐coded duplex sonography (TCCS) enables to measure blood flow characteristics in cerebral vessels, including vascular resistance and pulsatility. The study aims to identify factors influencing pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices measured using TCCS in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsSelf‐sufficient patients with atherosclerotic plaque causing 20–70% carotid stenosis were consecutively enrolled to the study. All patients underwent duplex sonography of cervical arteries and TCCS with measurement of PI and RI in the middle cerebral artery, neurological, and physical examinations. Following data were recorded: age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, occurrence of current and previous diseases, surgery, medication, smoking, and daily dose of alcohol. Univariant and multivariant logistic regression analysis were used for identification of the factors influencing RI and PI.ResultsTotally 1863 subjects were enrolled to the study: 139 healthy controls (54 males, age 55.52 ± 7.05 years) in derivation cohort and 1724 patients (777 males, age 68.73 ± 9.39 years) in validation cohort. The cut off value for RI was 0.63 and for PI 1.21. Independent factors for increased RI/PI were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.108/1.105 per 1 year), occurrence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.767/2.170), arterial hypertension (OR = 1.700 for RI only), width of the carotid plaque (OR = 1.260 per 10% stenosis for RI only), and male gender (OR = 1.530 for PI only; P ˂.01 in all cases).ConclusionsThe independent predictors of increased cerebral arterial resistance and/or pulsatility in patients with carotid atherosclerosis were age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, carotid plaque width, and male gender.
Measurement of the Area and Circumference of the Leg
Authors: Milani Hérbene José Figuinha , de Sá Barreto Enoch Quinderé , Araujo Júnior Edward , Cavalheiro Sérgio , Barbosa Maurício Mendes , Moron Antonio Fernandes 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo standardize a new technique to evaluate the fetal leg muscle trophism by measuring the area and circumference, and comparing this technique between normal and fetuses with open lumbosacral spina bifida (SB).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study was carried out on pregnant women with 26 weeks who were divided into two groups: Group I—fetuses with diagnosis of open lumbosacral SB; Group II—normal fetuses (control). In fetuses with SB, subjective evaluation of the lower limbs was performed (muscle echogenicity and leg movements). To estimate the leg muscle trophism, the measurement of the area and circumference of the leg were standardized, and the reproducibility of this method was performed.ResultsThirty‐one fetuses with open lumbosacral SB and 51 normal fetuses were evaluated. The measurements of the area and circumference of the leg proved to be highly reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient—ICC > 0.95). The leg area and circumference measurements were statistically lower in the SB group than in the control group (p < .001). When subjective ultrasound assessment demonstrated hypotrophy of the lower limbs, the measurements of the area and circumference of the leg were statistically lower when compared to normal fetuses (p < .001). Fetuses with open SB with abnormal lower limb movements had lower measurements of the area and circumference of the leg than fetuses with normal movements (p < .001).ConclusionA new technique for estimating fetal leg muscle trophism was standardized, which proved to be highly reproducible and was able to show the difference between normal and fetuses with SB.
Corrosion damage in frozen 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution
Authors: Fu Tian , Song Guang‐Ling , Zheng Dajiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZn and frozen 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were used to simulate galvanized steel structures exposed to the seawater in the Polar Regions. The conductivity of the frozen salt solution and the corrosion of the Zn were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanic current measurement, and surface analyses. The results indicated that the completely frozen 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was still conductive and corrosive, and the galvanic effect between different metals could not be ignored. The corrosion damage risk of metallic structures, particularly in the joint regions, can be high under freezing marine conditions in the Polar Regions.
Highly Crosslinked and Clickable Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres by Type II Photoinitiated Precipitation Polymerization
Authors: Bicak Tugrul Cem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of highly crosslinked and in situ alkyne functionalized microspheres, by combining type II photoinitiation with precipitation polymerization, is reported. Using a benzophenone‐tertiary amine initiation system, the method allows the preparation of functional microspheres at room temperature by UV irradiation in the absence of stabilizers or surfactants of any kind. To demonstrate the presence and accessibility of the alkyne moiety on the polymer particles, fluorescent pyrene groups are attached to the microspheres by copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition click reaction, using 1‐azidomethyl pyrene as a model compound. FT‐IR, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are used for characterization of the particles and to monitor the click reaction.
Fluoxetine for the Symptomatic Treatment of Multiple System Atrophy: The MSA‐FLUO Trial
Authors: Rascol Olivier , Cochen de Cock Valérie , Pavy‐Le Traon Anne , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Thalamas Claire , Sommet Agnes , Rousseau Vanessa , Perez‐Lloret Santiago , Fabbri Margherita , Azulay Jean Philippe , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Couratier Philippe , Damier Philippe , Defebvre Luc , Durif Franck , Geny Christian , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Remy Philippe , Tranchant Christine , Verin Marc , Tison François , Meissner Wassilios G. ,   for the MSA‐FLUO Study Group
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are no effective treatments for multiple system atrophy (MSA).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (40 mg/d) for the symptomatic treatment of MSA.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial in patients with “probable” MSA. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to week 12 in the mean total score of the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS Parts I + II). Secondary outcomes included change from baseline to week 6 in total UMSARS, and change from baseline to week 12 in the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson Disease–Autonomic Dysfunction, Beck Depression Inventory, and different domains of the MSA‐Quality of Life Questionnaire. Exploratory outcomes included change from baseline to week 12 in the UMSARS Parts I and II separately and change from baseline to week 24 in the total UMSARS score.ResultsA total of 81 patients were randomly assigned, with no significant difference in the primary outcome (−2.13 units [95% confidence interval, CI, −4.55 to 0.29]; P = 0.08). There was a greater reduction on fluoxetine in the change from baseline to 12‐week in UMSARS Part II (exploratory outcome: −1.41 units [95% CI, −2.84; 0.03]; p = 0.05) and in MSA‐QoL emotional/social dimension (secondary outcome: −6.99 units [95% CI, −13.40; −0.56]; p < 0.03). A total of 5 deaths occurred (3 on fluoxetine and 2 on placebo).ConclusionThe MSA‐FLUO failed to demonstrate fluoxetine superiority over placebo on the total UMSARS score, whereas trends in motor and emotional secondary/exploratory outcomes deserve further investigation. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Serum Metabolomics Reveals Underlying Mechanisms of Cholesterol‐Lowering Effects of Oat Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Population
Authors: Xu Dengfeng , Wang Shaokang , Feng Meiyuan , Shete Varsha , Chu Yifang , Kamil Alison , Yang Chao , Liu Hechun , Xia Hui , Wang Xin , Sun Guiju , Yang Yuexin 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of oat supplementation on serum lipid in a population of adults with mild hypercholesterolemia and reveal the underlying mechanisms with serum untargeted metabolomics.Methods and ResultsIn this placebo‐controlled trial, 62 participants from Nanjing, China, with mild elevations in cholesterol are randomly assigned to receive 80 g oats (containing 3 g beta‐glucan) or rice daily for 45 days. Fasting blood samples are collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the trial. Compared with the rice group, oat consumption significantly decreases serum total cholesterol (TC) (‐8.41%, p = 0.005), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) (‐13.93%, p = 0.001), and non high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐c) (‐10.93%, p = 0.017) levels. There are no significant between‐group differences in serum triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), glycated albumin, or fasting blood glucose levels. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) suggests a clear separation in metabolic profiles between the groups after the intervention. Twenty‐one metabolites in the oat group are significantly different from those in the rice group, among which 14 metabolites show a decreased trend. In comparison, seven metabolites show an increased trend. Correlations analysis from both groups indicate that most metabolites [e.g., sphinganine and phosphatidylcholine (PC)(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z))] have positive correlations with serum cholesterol levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathway analysis suggests that oat consumption regulated glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, sphingolipid, and retinol metabolism.ConclusionOat consumption has beneficial effects on serum lipids profiles. The underlying mechanisms involve glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, sphingolipid, and retinol metabolism in adults.
Reduction of margin to compensate the respiratory tumor motion by the analysis of dosimetric internal target volume in lung SBRT with nonuniform volume prescription method
Authors: Masuda Hirokazu , Kawahara Daisuke , Saito Akito , Kimura Tomoki , Ozawa Shuichi , Nakashima Takeo , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo develop a dosimetric internal target volume (ITV) margin (DIM) for respiratory motion in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and to evaluate DIM with a nonuniform volume prescription (NVP) and the point prescription (PP).MethodsVolumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans with PP and NVP were created on a heterogeneous programmable respiratory motion phantom, with a tumor (30‐mm diameter) inside a cylindrical lung insert. The tumor was defined as the gross tumor volume (GTV), equal to the clinical target volume (CTV). Five‐millimeter and 0‐mm margins were used for the ITV and setup margins, respectively. The phantom was moved in cranio‐caudal direction with a biquadratic sinusoidal waveform with a 4‐s cycle and an amplitude of ±5–10 mm. The interplay effect was evaluated by measuring the dose profile with a film in the sagittal plane for different respiratory periods and different initial respiratory phases. DIM was based on the respiratory motion amplitude that satisfied 100% and 95% coverage of the prescribed dose by the minimum dose of the CTV. Moreover, the absolute dose was measured with and without respiratory motion for NVP by a pinpoint chamber.ResultsThe dose difference in the tumor region due to the interplay effect was within 1.0%. The gamma passing rate was over 95.1% for different respiratory periods and 98.6% for different initial respiratory phases. DIM with PP was almost equivalent to the margin of the respiratory motion. However, DIM with NVP was 2.0 and 1.8 times larger than the margin of the respiratory motion for the 100% and 95% coverage of the prescribed doses, respectively.ConclusionThe interplay effects experienced between the MLC sequence and tumor motion were negligible for NVP. The DIM analysis revealed that the margin to compensate the respiratory tumor motion could be reduced by more than 44–50% for NVP in SBRT.
TS‐HDS and FGFR3 antibodies in small fiber neuropathy and Dysautonomia
Authors: Trevino Jorge A. , Novak Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe specificity of trisulfated heparin disaccharide/fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (TS‐HDS/FGFR3) antibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is unclear.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients evaluated for SFN and dysautonomia in the Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital Autonomic Laboratory in 2019–2020. Associations were assessed between TS‐HDS/FGFR3 antibodies and SFN markers, including epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD), sweat gland nerve fiber density (SGNFD), and autonomic dysfunction assessed by Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, sudomotor, and tilt testing.ResultsOf 322 patients; 28% had elevated anti‐TS‐HDS, 17% had elevated anti‐FGFR3, 96% had autonomic dysfunction, 71% had abnormal ENFD, and 49% had abnormal SGNFD. TS‐HDS/FGFR3 antibodies were present in patients with autonomic dysfunction irrespective of whether they had normal or abnormal skin biopsies unless ENFD/SGNFD were combined for anti‐FGFR3 seropositivity.DiscussionTS‐HDS/FGFR3 antibodies are present in patients with evidence of autonomic dysfunction. Further studies are needed to document the clinical value of these antibodies in assessment of immune mediated dysautonomia.
Nachhaltigkeitsinitiative: Weniger Treibhausgase
Authors: Hansen Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer Chemikaliendistributor Matsen hat sich schon bei der Gründung vor fünf Jahren auf drei Ziele der Vereinten Nationen zur Nachhaltigkeit festgelegt. Welche das sind und wie das Start‐up sie umsetzt.
Trendbericht: Kernmagnetische Resonanz
Authors: Seidel Karsten , Matysik Jörg , Luy Burkhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer gesellschaftliche Diskurs ist derzeit geprägt durch Themen wie Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit. Damit einher geht der Bedarf, Strukturen und Eigenschaften von Proteinen, RNA, Wirkstoffen und Zellen besser zu verstehen, ebenso wie Materialien, Rohstofftransformation, Energiespeicherung und Produktionsprozesse. Fortschritte in Technik und Methodik der NMR tragen dazu bei.
Size-Specific Exploitation of Flathead Catfish and Blue Catfish by Recreational and Commercial Fishers in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, Missouri
Authors: Winders Kyle Robert , McMullen Joseph A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Size-selective harvest in a fishery is a growing point of contention among different catfish anglers. In response to these concerns, size-specific exploitation rates of Flathead Catfish Pylodictus olivaris and Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus by recreational anglers and commercial fishers were quantified. Eight study reaches were randomly selected on the Missouri River (4 reaches; recreational harvest only) and the Mississippi River (4 reaches; recreational and commercial fishing allowed). Fish were captured by electrofishing in 2015 and 2016 and were tagged with Carlin dangler reward tags. A total of 3,370 tags were distributed among 12 size-groups starting at 381 mm TL, of which 609 tags were reported during the study period. High-reward (US$150) tags were used to estimate nonreporting of standard ($25) tags. Reporting rates varied by reach and constituency group and ranged from 19% to 100%. Overall exploitation rates of Flathead Catfish were comparable to those in other studies (0.10–0.19) but were highly variable among sizes and among reaches. Commercial fishers did not harvest any fish smaller than 584 mm, and they tended to be more size selective than recreational anglers. Exploitation of Blue Catfish by recreational anglers was highest for 840–890-mm fish (0.34–0.43) in the Missouri River and for 891–1,015-mm fish (0.24–0.28) in the Mississippi River. Commercial harvest of Blue Catfish was not significantly different among size-groups and was much lower than recreational harvest. These data indicated that recreational anglers and commercial fishers were often selective for mid- to larger-size fish rather than for small sizes. Understanding the levels and potential range of size-specific exploitation of catfish in larger rivers will aid managers when setting appropriate regulations and balancing the competing objectives of these fisheries.
Reduction of external pressure on all‐solid‐state battery using SnO2‐embedded porous carbon by CNT assistance
Authors: Notohara Hiroo , Urita Koki , Moriguchi Isamu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using non‐flammable inorganic solid electrolyte are expected as a safety energy storage system that exhibits a high energy density. Since external pressure is required to maintain stable interface between active materials and solid electrolyte, the pressure applicable system make the cell modules larger and heavier, and it prevents the practical realization. In the present study, an ASSB system reduced external pressure was achieved by using single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) assistance. The ASSB electrode mixed with SWCNTs showed high capacity and stable cycle performance even under a coin‐type cell without additional external pressure which is conventionally used on an organic liquid electrolyte system. The unique characters of SWCNT which is high electrical conductivity and self‐supporting force are effective to reduce external pressure of ASSBs. This result opens a new route to design a downsized battery cell.
Contemporary Risk Stratification and Treatment of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Tremblay Douglas , Rippel Noa , Feld Jonathan , El Jamal Siraj M. , Mascarenhas John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by absolute monocytosis, one or more lineage dysplasia, and proliferative features including myeloid hyperplasia, splenomegaly, and constitutional symptoms. Because of vast clinical heterogeneity in presentation and course, risk stratification is used for a risk-adapted treatment strategy. Numerous prognostic scoring systems exist, some of which incorporate mutational information. Treatment ranges from observation to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therapies include hydroxyurea for cytoreduction, hypomethylating agents, and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib to address splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. Recently, oral decitabine with cedazuridine was approved and represents a convenient treatment option for CMML patients. Although novel therapeutics are in development for CMML, further work is needed to elucidate possible targets unique to the CMML clone. In this review, we will detail the pathophysiology, risk stratification, available treatment modalities, and novel therapies for CMML, and propose a modern treatment algorithm.

Implications for Practice
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clinically heterogenous disease, which poses significant management challenges. The diagnosis of CMML requires bone marrow biopsy and aspirate with thorough evaluation. Risk stratification and symptom assessment are essential to designing an effective treatment plan, which may include hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in intermediate or high-risk patients. The recently approved oral decitabine/cedazuridine provides a convenient alternative to parenteral HMAs. Ruxolitinib may be effective in ameliorating proliferative symptoms and splenomegaly. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only treatment with curative potential; however, novel therapies are in clinical development which may significantly alter the therapeutic landscape of CMML.