bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of human exposure to parabens in north eastern Poland through hair sample analysis
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Joanna , Tzatzarakis Manolis , Vakonaki Elena , Makowska Krystyna , Gonkowski Slawomir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParabens (PBs) are a group of substances commonly used in industry. They also pollute the environment, penetrate into living organisms and adversely affect various internal organs. During this study, the degree of exposure of people living in Olsztyn, a city in north eastern Poland, to selected parabens most often used in industry was studied. The chemicals under investigation included: methyl paraben—MePB, ethyl paraben—EtPB, propyl paraben—PrPB, benzyl paraben BePB and butyl paraben -BuPB. To this aim, hair samples collected from the scalps of 30 volunteers were analyzed using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. All PBs studied were present in a high percentage of analyzed samples (from 76.7% in the case of BePB to 100% in the case of MePB and PrPB). The mean concentration levels were 4425.3 pg/mg for MeBP, 704.0 pg/mg for EtPB, 825.7 pg/mg for PrPB, 135.2 pg/mg for BePB and 154.5 pg/mg for BuPB. Significant differences in PB concentration levels between particular persons were visible. On the other hand, gender, age and artificial hair coloring did not cause statistically significant differences in PB levels. Obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in north eastern Poland are exposed to various PBs, and therefore these substances may affect their health status. However, the evaluation of PBs influence on human health requires further research.
RGEN-seq for highly sensitive amplification-free screen of off-target sites of gene editors
Authors: Kuzin Alexander , Redler Brendan , Onuska Jaya , Slesarev Alexei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSensitive detection of off-target sites produced by gene editing nucleases is crucial for developing reliable gene therapy platforms. Although several biochemical assays for the characterization of nuclease off-target effects have been recently published, significant technical and methodological issues still remain. Of note, existing methods rely on PCR amplification, tagging, and affinity purification which can introduce bias, contaminants, sample loss through handling, etc. Here we describe a sensitive, PCR-free next-generation sequencing method (RGEN-seq) for unbiased detection of double-stranded breaks generated by RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 endonuclease. Through use of novel sequencing adapters, the RGEN-Seq method saves time, simplifies workflow, and removes genomic coverage bias and gaps associated with PCR and/or other enrichment procedures. RGEN-seq is fully compatible with existing off-target detection software; moreover, the unbiased nature of RGEN-seq offers a robust foundation for relating assigned DNA cleavage scores to propensity for off-target mutations in cells. A detailed comparison of RGEN-seq with other off-target detection methods is provided using a previously characterized set of guide RNAs.
An online monitoring method of moisture in transformer bushings based on an improved humidity indicator card
Authors: Shu Shengwen , Zheng Zhicong , Chen Yangyang , Li Wei , Wang Guobin , Liao Fuwang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the main reasons for the failure of transformer bushings is moisture penetration. Here, an online monitoring method of moisture in transformer bushings based on an improved humidity indicator card, which belongs to the group of passive physical and chemical monitoring methods, is proposed. First, the operating principles and monitoring system are explained. Next, by means of a moisture simulation device, the moisture migration characteristics between the gas and oil, the influence of the interface radius on the response characteristics of the monitoring device, and the characteristics of the humidity indicator card are studied experimentally. Then, the moisture migration process in micro‐scale is simulated by molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, by changing the mass fraction of the cobalt chloride in the humidity card, the warning values of relative humidity at different temperatures are obtained. The simulation results show that water molecules can migrate from the oil–paper system to the air. Moreover, once the moisture enters the transformer bushing, the proposed humidity indicator card can correctly display the relative humidity at different temperatures. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a new way for online moisture monitoring of transformer bushings.
Einfluss der mediterranen Ernährung auf das Brustkrebsrisiko: Welche Rolle spielt das Mikrobiom?
Authors: Seethaler Benjamin , Beutel Michelle , Basrai Maryam , Kiechle Marion , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Studien haben gezeigt, dass die mediterrane Ernährung vor ernährungsmitbedingten Erkrankungen wie Übergewicht, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und verschiedenen Krebsentitäten, einschließlich Brustkrebs, schützen kann. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind jedoch weitgehend unklar. Bislang wurde vor allem die Rolle antiinflammatorischer Fettsäuren diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit soll am Beispiel des genetisch determinierten sowie des sporadischen Brustkrebses der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Rolle das Darmmikrobiom spielen könnte, dessen Zusammensetzung und Funktion durch die mediterrane Ernährung verändert wird.
Liquid biopsy zur Individualisierung der Therapie beim fortgeschrittenen Harnblasenkarzinom
Authors: Junker Kerstin 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Analyse von Körperflüssigkeiten („Liquid biopsy“), rückt zunehmend in den Fokus der Biomarkerentwicklung, da sie entscheidende Vorteile gegenüber der Gewebeanalyse aufweist. In den Körperflüssigkeiten können neben Proteinen und Lipoproteinen auch zirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTCs), extrazelluläre Vesikel (EVs) sowie deren Bestandteile und zellfreie Nukleinsäuren (DNA, RNA) analysiert werden. Muskelinvasive Harnblasentumore (MIHB) stellen eine besondere klinische Herausforderung dar. Hier werden neue Biomarker benötigt, um das individuelle Metastasierungsrisiko einzuschätzen, die Metastasierung im Follow-up frühzeitig zu erkennen und die effektivste systemische Therapie für den einzelnen Patienten einzusetzen. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand zur „Liquid Biospy“ aus dem Blut bei fortgeschrittenen MIHB unter Berücksichtigung von CTCs, zirkulierender Tumor-DNA (ctDNA), nicht kodierenden RNAs (ncRNAs) sowie EVs und deren Bedeutung für Prognosebewertung und Therapieentscheidung.
Mandibuläre Asymmetrien
Authors: Ziemann Fabian 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einer mandibulären Asymmetrie bedürfen eines individuellen Behandlungskonzeptes, welches eine enge Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Disziplinen der Zahnmedizin erfordert. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die Ätiologie, Diagnose und Therapieansätze mandibulärer Asymmetrien geben.
Die orthodontische Zahnbewegung
Authors: Artioli Irene , Crismani Adriano 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEine kieferorthopädische Behandlung dauert durchschnittlich 12 bis 24 Monate und ist vom Schweregrad der Zahnfehlstellung, von der Behandlungsplanung und von der Compliance des Patienten/der Patientin abhängig. Die Gefahr, dass Karies entsteht, Gingivarezessionen oder Wurzelresorptionen, steigt mit zunehmender Behandlungszeit. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, eine Übersicht über die molekularbiologischen Abläufe der Zahnbewegung zu liefern und Möglichkeiten zu beschreiben, wie dieser Prozess beeinflusst werden kann. Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten spielen eine zentrale Rolle im Knochenumbau und damit in der Zahnbewegung und können durch viele Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Es gibt chirurgische oder nichtinvasive Maßnahmen, welche die Zahnbewegung beschleunigen, aber auch Medikamente, die die Zahnbewegung verlangsamen können.
Venous Thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zdanyte Monika , Rath Dominik , Gawaz Meinrad , Geisler Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection is associated with high risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. Thrombotic complications, especially pulmonary embolism, lead to increased all-cause mortality in both intensive care unit and noncritically ill patients. Damage and activation of vascular endothelium, platelet activation, followed by thrombotic and fibrinolytic imbalance as well as hypercoagulability are the key pathomechanisms in immunothrombosis leading to a significant increase in thromboembolism in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with other acute illnesses. In this review article, we discuss the incidence and prognosis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 disease, based on clinical experience and research available to date.
Die ketogene Ernährung
Authors: Reuß-Borst Monika , Kämmerer Ulrike 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungEs gibt bislang nur wenige Studien, die den Einfluss einer streng kohlenhydratreduzierten, sehr fettreichen, sog. „ketogenen“ Kost auf den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung untersuchten. Da eine solche Kostform längerfristig Schwierigkeiten bei der Compliance zu Hause bereitet, ist ein supportiver Therapieansatz evtl. sinnvoller, weil er in Anlehnung an Fastenkuren mit den oxidativen Krebstherapien kombiniert werden kann.
Hausärzteschaft und die Standortwahl – Ergebnisse einer Befragung
Authors: Baum Corinna , Haering Alexander , Waehlert Lilia , Werbeck Anna 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie flächendeckende Versorgung mit Hausärzt*innen stellt in vielen Bundesländern ein zunehmendes Problem dar.
Zielsetzung Ziel des Beitrags ist es, sozioökonomische und sozialpsychologische Einflussfaktoren auf die Standortwahl zu untersuchen, die relevant für die Standortentscheidung sein können.
Methodik Grundlage der Analyse ist eine Befragung von Medizinstudierenden und Hausärzt*innen.
Ergebnisse Unsere Auswertung legt nahe, dass sozioökonomische Faktoren wie Einwohnerzahl des Heimatorts und Familie bei der Standortwahl entscheidend sind. Nur 8,2 % der befragten Medizinstudierenden planen eine Niederlassung in einem Dorf.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die Diskussion um abnehmende medizinische Versorgung im ländlichen Raum und legen nahe, dass ein Fokus auf sozioökonomische Faktoren bei der Anreizsetzung für Landärzt*innen hilfreich sein könnte.
Omega-3-Fettsäuren in der Behandlung der gynäkologischen Onkologie
Authors: Katzler Olaf 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Mammakarzinom ist die häufigste Krebsart der Frau. Zu den Ernährungsrisiken, die die Karzinombildung begünstigen können, zählt u. a. ein gestörtes Omega-6/Omega-3-Verhältnis. Besonders die marinen Omega-3-Fettsäuren EPA und DHA weisen Antiangiogenese- und Antitumor-Eigenschaften auf. Studien zufolge verringert der Konsum von 85 g Fisch täglich das Risiko für Brust- und Darmkrebs deutlich. Allerdings muss der zunehmende Schadstoffgehalt von Fischen beachtet werden. Als Alternative bieten sich gereinigte Fisch- oder Algenöle an. In zahlreichen Studien mit Karzinomen unterschiedlicher Lokalisation deutet sich an, dass die Supplementierung von EPA und DHA das progressionsfreie sowie das Gesamtüberleben erhöht und die Lebensqualität verbessert.
Validity of the Novel Radiological Classification System of the Distal Femur
Authors: Akkaya Mustafa , Simsek Mehmet Emin , Akcaalan Serhat , Caglar Ceyhun , Gursoy Safa , Citak Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Aseptic loosening (AL) is among the most important causes of failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, while there are numerous underlying causes of AL, the
morphometry of the distal femur and intramedullary canal has not been sufficiently demonstrated. This study aimed to show the interobserver and intraobserver reliability and validity of
the Citak classification, which has been recently defined according to the morphometry of the distal femur and provides a risk factor definition for AL.
Materials and Methods A total of 200 patients whose standardized anteroposterior (AP) and lateral images of the knee joint were obtained between October 2019 and April 2020 were
retrospectively evaluated in this study. Patients with a history of extra-articular deformity and knee surgery were excluded from the study. For AL, morphologies of the distal femur were
identified by two observers using the new radiological classification system of the distal femur. Mean pairwise Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the intra- and interobserver
agreement of the classification.
Results There was excellent interobserver agreement for the 20 cm proximal and 2 cm proximal to the lateral joint line (PLJL) and adductor tubercle (PAD), respectively. The mean
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.96 (range 0.764–0.944) for the PAD and 0.98 (range 0.734–0.929) for the PLJL. There was also an excellent intraobserver agreement, with 93% average
pairwise percent agreement for the index group and 95.5% average pairwise percent agreement for the anatomical classification group.
Conclusions The level of inter- and intraobserver agreement for the morphology of the distal femur was excellent in the new radiological classification system, which was shown to
be beneficial in the planning of revision knee arthroplasty for AL. However, there is a need for further studies in order to make a correlation of the classification with specific
intraoperative findings.
Recent Advances in Decarboxylative Conversions of Cyclic Carbonates and Beyond
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Yan Biwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, functionalized cyclic organic carbonates have emerged as valuable building blocks for the construction of interesting and useful molecules upon decarboxylation under transition-metal catalysis. By employing suitable catalytic systems, the development of chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantioselective methods for the synthesis of useful and interesting compounds has advanced greatly. On the basis of previous research on this topic, this short review highlights the synthetic potential of cyclic carbonates under transition-metal catalysis over the last two years.1	Introduction2	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Vinyl Cyclic Carbonates3	Zwitterionic Enolate Chemistry Based On Transition-Metal Catalysis4	Decarboxylation of Alkynyl Cyclic Carbonates and Dioxazolones5	Conclusions and Perspectives
Phloridzin Highly Accumulated in Malus rockii Rehder and Its Structure Revision and Hypolipidemic Activity
Authors: Lang Li-Juan , Wang Min , Lei Chang , Shen Yi , Zhu Qi-Jie , Diao Hong-Mei , Chen Hao , Shen Lei , Dong Xiang , Jiang Bei , Xiao Chao-Jiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhloridzin is a lead compound of the prestigious antidiabetic gliflozins. The present study found that phloridzin highly accumulated in Malus rockii Rehder. The content of phloridzin in M. rockii was the highest among wild plants, with the percentage of 15.54% in the dry leaves. The structure of phloridzin was revised by proton exchange experiments and extensive 2D NMR spectra. Phloridzin exhibited significant hypolipidemic activity in golden Syrian hamsters maybe by increasing the expression of CYP7A1, at the doses of 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. The total performance of anti-hyperlipidemic effect of phloridzin may be superior to that of lovastatin, though lovastatin was more active than phloridzin. In addition, phloridzin exhibited moderate antimalarial activity with inhibition ratio of 31.3 ± 10.9% at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day, and showed moderate analgesic activity with 28.0% inhibition at a dose of 50 mg/kg.
Validity and Reliability of the German Version of the CP QOL-Child and CP QOL-Teen Questionnaire
Authors: Maier Manuel , Stoltenburg Corinna , Sarpong-Bengelsdorf Akosua , Lebek Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the German version of the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (CP QOL-Child and -Teen). It is a condition-specific questionnaire with a self-report version, measuring well-being rather than ill-being, which differs from existing measurement methods. Fourteen children (9–12 years) and 64 caregivers (4–12 years) answered the child questionnaire. Twenty-one adolescents and 26 caregivers (all adolescents 13–18 years) replied to the teen version. Functioning was categorized by the Gross Motor Function Classification System. For CP QOL-child internal consistency (Cronbach's α) ranged from 0.58 to 0.88 and for CP QOL-Teen from 0.68 to 0.95. Test–retest reliability after 2 to 4 weeks ranged between 0.75 and 0.94 in children's version and 0.89 and 0.96 in teen's version. Correlation with well-established generic KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire was moderate to strong. The German versions of CP QOL-Child and -Teen are appropriate tools for assessing the quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in the German-speaking population.
Preliminary Evaluation of a NitrAdine-Based Brushing Solution for Patients Suffering from Gingivitis: A Prospective Clinical Case–Control Study
Authors: Perelli Michele , Abundo Roberto , Semenza Mario , Centracchio Mauro , Chiara Stefano Di , Monaco Andrea , Arduino Paolo Giacomo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectives This article aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a nonantibiotic biofilm-removal formulation based on NitrAdine (PerioTabs), combined with a regular home oral hygiene regimen, in Caucasian patients with gingivitis.Materials and Methods A sample of 60 patients were included in this clinical prospective study. All selected subjects underwent regular prophylaxis and professional oral hygiene at baseline; 30 days later, they were recalled for the measurements of the reference parameters about bleeding on probing (full-mouth bleeding upon probing score [FMBS]) and plaque index (full-mouth plaque score [FMPS]); no other clinical procedure was performed. Consequently, half of the patients (n = 30) were instructed to use PerioTabs for 10 days. The remaining patients (n = 30) were used as the negative control, only instructed to continue with their usual oral hygiene regimen. Fifteen days after, the clinical parameters of FMBS and FMPS were re-evaluated in both groups.Results Changes in the scores of clinical indices FMBS and FMPS were calculated and compared. A significant difference between pre- and post-values, for both FMBS and FMPS, was noticed in the test group; in particular, the bleeding index value demonstrated the more significant changes: 22 participants showed a clinically meaningful improvement, and 5 had a small improvement. Only three patients had no evidence of change. In addition, 50% of patients had a reduction in plaque levels. No side effects were reported.Conclusions The adjunctive use of 10-day PerioTabs treatment in the daily oral hygiene routine seemed to be efficient in reducing gingival bleeding and plaque accumulation, with absence of adverse effects. These results should be confirmed in studies with a larger number of participants following a controlled-blinded design.
Translating in a constrained environment
Authors: Rędzioch-Korkuz Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.
Translation, validity, and reliability of the Persian version of the University of Cincinnati Auditory Processing Inventory
Authors: Bagheri Fereshteh , Keith Robert W. , Ebadi Abbas , Eshaghi Masoumeh , Shirzad Motahareh , Ahmadi Akram 
Published: December 2021

Background
Cincinnati Auditory Processing Inventory is used to examine difficulties with listening abilities among adolescents and adult groups and to investigate necessary skills for accurate processing of auditory information. This study aimed to develop the Persian version of the University of Cincinnati Auditory Processing Inventory (P-UCAPI) questionnaire.

Methods
A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 adolescents and adults with normal auditory skills in the age range of 13- to 53-year-old in Babol city in Iran. The translation procedure was preceded according to World Health Organization (WHO). Then, item analysis, face validity, test–retest, and internal consistency were calculated. The descriptive statistics of the total score of the P-UCAPI and its subscales (listening and concentrating, understanding speech, following spoken instruction, attention, educational assistance, and other) were measured. In addition, the performance of males and females on this questionnaire was compared. The level of significance was established at (p<.05).

Results
A panel including two speech pathologists and one audiologist performed the content validity of the P-UCAPI and reached a consensus on all the items of the questionnaire. To investigate the need for item reduction, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient did not change with removing of each item so, none of the items were eliminated. The mean value and standard deviation of the participants for the total scores of the P-UCAPI were obtained at 53.04 ± 10.77. The mean values and standard deviations of subscales of the P-UCAPI were: listening and concentrating (13.51 ± 4.89), understanding speech (5.77 ± 1.73), following spoken instruction (5.74±.0), attention (8.70 ± 1.24), education assistance (5.68 ± 1.85), and other (13.98 ± 3.84). Males and females had similar performance on P-UCAPI (p-value=.16) and its subscale including listening and concentrating (p-value=.24), understanding speech (p-value=.60), following spoken instruction (p-value=.77), attention (p-value=.96), education assistance (p-value=.71), and other (p-value=.72). The findings of the item analysis revealed that the value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was not obtained higher than .83 after deleting each item. The value of ICC for test–retest reliability of P-UCAPI was .62 ranging from .38 to .85. For the internal consistency, the value of the alpha coefficient value was (α=.82).

Conclusion
P-UCAPI as a translated instrument with satisfactory values for reliability is appropriate to measure the central processing skills of normal adults in Iran.