bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence Praxis: The Role of Resource Managers in Wolf-Livestock Interactions on Federal Lands
Authors: Martin Jeff Vance , Epstein Kathleen , Anderson Robert M. , Charnley Susan 
Published: September 2021

In resource management, new terms are frequently introduced, reflecting ongoing evolution in the theory and practice of ecology and governance. Yet understandings of what new concepts mean, for whom, and what they imply for management on the ground can vary widely. Coexistence—a prominent concept within the literature and practices around human-wildlife conflict and predator management—is one such term: widely invoked and yet poorly defined. While for some coexistence is the latest paradigm in improving human-wildlife relations, the concept remains debated and indeed even hotly contested by others—particularly on the multiple-use public lands of the American West, where gray wolf conservation, livestock production, and the claims of diverse stakeholders share space.The multiple meanings of coexistence present serious challenges for conservation practice, as what the concept implies or requires can be contested by those most central to its implementation. In this study we examine wolf-livestock management—a classic case of human-wildlife conflict—by focusing on the experiences and perspectives of U.S. Forest Service (USFS) managers. We reviewed coexistence's multivalence in the literature, complementing semi-structured interviews conducted with USFS employees on case study forests from across the western states. Through this, we highlight the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the concept, and the unique yet under-explored perspective that resource managers bring to these debates.This work draws on insights from political ecology to emphasize the situatedness of manager practice—taking place within a broader set of relations and contextual pressures—while extending political ecologists' traditional focus on the resource user to a concern with the resource manager as a key actor in environmental conflicts. Through our engagement with the experiences and perceptions of USFS managers, who must balance conservation aims with long-established land uses like livestock grazing, we hope to clarify the various dimensions of coexistence. Our hope is that this work thus increases the possibility for empathy and collaboration among managers and stakeholders engaged in this complex socio-ecological challenge.
Prognostic Potential of Heart Rate and Hypertension in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Wang Jie , Tang Manyun , Long Yunxiang , Song Jingzhuo , Chen Limei , Wang Mengchang , Li Yongxin , Sun Chaofeng , Yan Yang 
Published: September 2021

Background: The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is variable and partly depends on their cardiovascular status. The presence of arrhythmias can lead to worse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of heart rate (HR) and hypertension in predicating the outcomes of MM patients.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled patients with MM between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess the association between hypertension and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the relationship between HR and all-cause mortality.Results: A total of 386 patients were included. The mean HR was 83.8 ± 23.1 beats per minute (bpm). Patients with HR &gt;100 bpm had a higher all-cause mortality (79.4%, 50/63) than those with 60 ≤ HR ≤ 100 bpm (39.9%, 110/276) and &lt;60 bpm (19.1%, 9/47) (p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the International Staging System and sex revealed similar relationships (p &lt; 0.01). When stratified by age, patients with HR &gt;100 bpm had higher all-cause mortality than those with a lower HR when age was &lt;65 years or 65–75 years (p &lt; 0.001) but not &gt;75 years. The proportion of patients with hypertension was 54.7% (211/386). However, hypertension was not associated with all-cause mortality in MM patients (χ2=1.729, p &gt; 0.05). MM patients with HR &gt;100 bpm had the highest all-cause mortality.Conclusions: The prognostic potential of HR may be useful in aiding risk stratification and promoting the management of these patients.
Correlation Analysis Between Ovarian Reserve and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Infertile Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhao Ying-jie , Wang Min , Tang Ming-qiang , Liu Yao-fang 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between ovarian reserve and thyroid function in women with infertility.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the data of 496 infertility patients who visited the clinic between January 2019 and December 2020. According to the TSH level, it is grouped into &lt;2.5 mIU/L, 2.5~4.0mIU/L and ≥4.0 mIU/L or according to the positive/negative thyroid autoimmune antibody. The relationship was assessed through the ovarian reserve, thyroid function, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in infertile patients. On the other hand, the patients are divided into groups according to age (≤29 years old, 30-34 years old and ≥35 years old), basic FSH (&lt;10 IU/L and ≥10 IU/L), and AMH levels. The ovarian reserve was evaluated through the AMH and the antral follicle count (AFC).ResultsThe average age of the patients was 30.31 ± 4.50 years old, and the average AMH level was 5.13 ± 4.30 ng/mL. 3.63% (18/496) of patients had abnormal TSH levels (normal: 0.35-5.5 mIU/L), the positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 14.52% (72/496), the positive rate of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was 16.94% (84/496), and the positive rate of TPOAb and TgAb was 10.48% (52/496). After grouping according to TSH level or thyroid autoimmune antibody positive/negative grouping, the analysis found that there was no statistical significance in age, AMH level and basic FSH level among the groups (P&gt;0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of TSH, FT3, and FT4 among different ages, AMH, and FSH levels (P&gt;0.05).ConclusionThere is no significant correlation between ovarian reserve and thyroid function in infertile women.
Four-Year Teriparatide Followed by Denosumab vs. Continuous Denosumab in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Patients With Prior Bisphosphonate Treatment
Authors: Hirooka Yasuaki , Nozaki Yuji , Okuda Saki , Sugiyama Masafumi , Kinoshita Koji , Funauchi Masanori , Matsumura Itaru 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesIn our previous 24-month study, we observed that teriparatide had some advantages over denosumab for bone mineral density (BMD) in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment. We conducted this extension study to investigate whether the advantage of teriparatide obtained in the first 2 years would be maintained after the switch to denosumab.Materials and MethodsWe switched patients who had completed 24-month daily teriparatide treatment to denosumab (switch group, n=18) and compared their BMD every 6 months up to 48 months with the group who continued to receive denosumab (denosumab group, n=16).ResultsAt 48 months, the lumbar spine BMD was significantly increased from baseline in both groups (denosumab: 10.4 ± 8.7%, p&lt;0.001; switch: 14.2 ± 6.8%, p&lt;0.001). However, a significant increase in femoral neck BMD from baseline occurred only in the switch group (11.2 ± 14.6%, p&lt;0.05); denosumab (4.1 ± 10.8%). The total hip BMD increased significantly from baseline in both groups (denosumab: 4.60 ± 7.4%, p&lt;0.05; switch: 7.2 ± 6.9%, p&lt;0.01). Femoral neck BMD was significantly increased in the switch versus the denosumab group (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionIn GIO patients with prior bisphosphonate treatment, the advantage of teriparatide may be maintained after the treatment period. A continuous increase in BMD can be expected with teriparatide followed by denosumab.
Tree Mortality Risks Under Climate Change in Europe: Assessment of Silviculture Practices and Genetic Conservation Networks
Authors: Petit-Cailleux Cathleen , Davi Hendrik , Lefèvre François , Verkerk Pieter Johannes , Fady Bruno , Lindner Marcus , Oddou-Muratorio Sylvie 
Published: September 2021

General Context: Climate change can positively or negatively affect abiotic and biotic drivers of tree mortality. Process-based models integrating these climatic effects are only seldom used at species distribution scale.Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the multi-causal mortality risk of five major European forest tree species across their distribution range from an ecophysiological perspective, to quantify the impact of forest management practices on this risk and to identify threats on the genetic conservation network.Methods: We used the process-based ecophysiological model CASTANEA to simulate the mortality risk of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, and Picea abies under current and future climate conditions, while considering local silviculture practices. The mortality risk was assessed by a composite risk index (CRIM) integrating the risks of carbon starvation, hydraulic failure and frost damage. We took into account extreme climatic events with the CRIMmax, computed as the maximum annual value of the CRIM.Results: The physiological processes' contributions to CRIM differed among species: it was mainly driven by hydraulic failure for P. sylvestris and Q. petraea, by frost damage for P. abies, by carbon starvation for P. pinaster, and by a combination of hydraulic failure and frost damage for F. sylvatica. Under future climate, projections showed an increase of CRIM for P. pinaster but a decrease for P. abies, Q. petraea, and F. sylvatica, and little variation for P. sylvestris. Under the harshest future climatic scenario, forest management decreased the mean CRIM of P. sylvestris, increased it for P. abies and P. pinaster and had no major impact for the two broadleaved species. By the year 2100, 38–90% of the European network of gene conservation units are at extinction risk (CRIMmax=1), depending on the species.Conclusions: Using a process-based ecophysiological model allowed us to disentangle the multiple drivers of tree mortality under current and future climates. Taking into account the positive effect of increased CO2 on fertilization and water use efficiency, average mortality risk may increase or decrease in the future depending on species and sites. However, under extreme climatic events, our process-based projections are as pessimistic as those obtained using bioclimatic niche models.
Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Signature and Immune, Drug Resistance, Mutation Analysis
Authors: Ren Ziyuan , Hu Minghui , Wang Zhonglin , Ge Junpeng , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhang Guoming , Zheng Hongying 
Published: September 2021

Graphical AbstractFerroptosis genes in lung adenocarcinoma.
Construction and Validation of an Immune Cell Signature Score to Evaluate Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Linfeng , Jian Xingxing , Liu Zhenhao , Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Siwen , Lin Yong , Xie Lu 
Published: September 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a pivotal role in the outcome and treatment of HCC. However, the effect of immune cell signatures (ICSs) representing the characteristics of TIME on the prognosis and therapeutic benefit of HCC patients remains to be further studied.Materials and methods: In total, the gene expression profiles of 1,447 HCC patients from several databases, i.e., The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium, and Gene Expression Omnibus, were obtained and applied. Based on a comprehensive collection of marker genes, 182 ICSs were evaluated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Then, by performing univariate and multivariate Cox analysis and random forest modeling, four significant signatures were selected to fit an immune cell signature score (ICSscore).Results: In this study, an ICSscore-based prognostic model was constructed to stratify HCC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in the TCGA-LIHC cohort, which was successfully validated in two independent cohorts. Moreover, the ICSscore values were found to positively correlate with the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, indicating that ICSscore could act as a comparable biomarker for HCC risk stratification. In addition, when setting the four ICSs and ICSscores as features, the classifiers can significantly distinguish treatment-responding and non-responding samples in HCC. Also, in melanoma and breast cancer, the unified ICSscore could verify samples with therapeutic benefits.Conclusion: Overall, we simplified the tedious ICS to develop the ICSscore, which can be applied successfully for prognostic stratification and therapeutic evaluation in HCC. This study provides an insight into the therapeutic predictive efficacy of prognostic ICS, and a novel ICSscore was constructed to allow future expanded application.
Mast Cells Are Identified in the Lung Parenchyma of Wild Mice, Which Can Be Recapitulated in Naturalized Laboratory Mice
Authors: Yeh Yu-Wen , Chaudhuri Arka Sen , Zhou Ling , Fang Yu , Boysen Preben , Xiang Zou 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIt is well documented that laboratory mice bred and maintained in ultra-hygienic specific pathogen-free (SPF) barriers display reduced richness and complexity of microbiota compared with wild mice. The laboratory mice profoundly lack lung parenchymal mast cells. Hence, we aimed to investigate the lung distribution of mast cells in free-living wild mice.MethodsWild house mice were trapped in South-Eastern Norway and Hemtabad, West Bengal, India. C57BL/6 laboratory mice were bred in a purposefully built, closed environment with bedding material obtained from the natural environment in order to normalize the gut microbiota of these laboratory mice to that of the wild mice, and the offspring were collected for study at eight weeks of age.ResultsMast cells were easily identified at a substantial density in the lung parenchymal tissues of wild mice from both Norway and India, which stands in clear contrast to the rare distribution of lung parenchymal mast cells in the conventional laboratory SPF mice. Consistently, wild mice also expressed higher pulmonary levels of stem cell factor, a critical growth factor for mast cell survival. Higher levels of histamine were recorded in the lung tissues of the wild mice. Interestingly, “naturalized” C57BL/6 laboratory mice which spent their entire life in a semi-natural environment developed lung parenchymal mast cells at an appreciable density.ConclusionOur observations support that environmental factors, possibly through modulation of microbiota, may impact the tissue distribution of mast cells in mouse lung parenchyma.
Old - New Concrete Interfacial Bond Slip Monitoring in Anchored Rebar Reinforced Concrete Structure Using PZT Enabled Active Sensing
Authors: Jiang Jian , Chen Yixuan , Dai Junwu 
Published: September 2021

Post-installed anchor technology is widely used for structural strengthening and for retrofitting existing constructions. The old–new concrete interface associated with using this technology is of great significance in the shear capacity of concrete structural member under shear forces. For such members, interface failures usually occur with bond slip. In this paper, an application of a piezoceramic enabled active sensing technique is put forward to monitor Old - New concrete interfacial bond slip. Three concrete specimens (S1, S2, and S3) are fabricated and each specimen consists of two parts. Each part is made of concrete poured at different times, and both are bonded with an anchored rebar embedded inside the specimen. Two PZT aggregates bonded to opposing sides of the concrete specimen helped to realize active sensing. During the shear loading test, both the load values and the signals from sensors are acquired every 20 s. The test durations of S1, S2 and S3 lasted 960, 1,120, and 1,110 s, respectively. Furthermore, the received signal energies are quantified through wavelet packet analysis to monitor the Old - New concrete interfacial bond slip process. The experimental results show that the change of WPEI in the received signals has a direct relation with the severity of the Old - New concrete interfacial bond slip. Moreover, the PZT-based active sensing approach is feasible to monitor the shear-induced bond slip in Old - New concrete interfaces.
The Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Novel Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Huiling , Ming Li , Chen Long , Zhu Xingwang , Shi Yuan 
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), sweeping across the world, has created a worldwide pandemic. Effective treatments of COVID-19 are extremely urgent.Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma (CCP) on patients with COVID-19.Methods: All the relevant studies were searched from PubMed, EMBASE,Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wan fang, VIP, Medrxiv, Biorxiv, and SSRN on July 19, 2021. PICOS criteria were as follows: (P) the study interests were human subjects with the infection of COVID-19; (I) the intervention of interest was CCP; (C) comparator treatments contained placebo, sham therapy, and standard treatment; (O) the primary outcome was mortality rates by the novel coronavirus. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of serious adverse events, the rate of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation (MV); the length of hospital stay; the duration of MV and ICU stay; the antibody levels, inflammatory factor levels, and viral loads. (S) Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCP were included. Subanalysis, quality assessment, sensitive analysis, and publication bias were conducted by two reviewers independently.Results: Sixteen RCTs were included and enrolled a total of 16,296 participants in this meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that no significant difference was observed in reducing the rate of overall mortality between CCP treatment group and placebo group (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; p = 0.30; I2 = 6%). According to the results of subgroup analysis, severe or critical patients with CCP showed significant difference in reducing the 28-day mortality of compared with placebo (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.93, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%). CCP groups have a significantly shorter duration of MV compared with the control group (weighted MD −1.00, 95% CI −1.86 to −0.14 d p = 0.02, I2 = 0%). No significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay, the duration of ICU, and the rate of ICU and MV. There is no conclusive evidence about the safety of CCP.Conclusion: Convalescent plasma can significantly reduce the 28-day mortality of severe or critical COVID-19 patients and the duration of MV. However, more evidence was needed to prove the safety of convalescent plasma.
Management of Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Specialised and Non-specialised ILD Centres Around the World
Authors: Polke Markus , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Cottin Vincent , Walsh Simon L. F. , Collard Harold R. , Chaudhuri Nazia , Avdeev Sergey , Behr Jürgen , Calligaro Gregory , Corte Tamera J. , Flaherty Kevin , Funke-Chambour Manuela , Kolb Martin , Krisam Johannes , Maher Toby M. , Molina Molina Maria , Morais Antonio , Moor Catharina C. , Morisset Julie , Pereira Carlos , Quadrelli Silvia , Selman Moises , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Valenzuela Claudia , Vancheri Carlo , Vicens-Zygmunt Vanesa , Wälscher Julia , Wuyts Wim , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kreuter Michael 
Published: September 2021

Background: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a severe complication associated with a high mortality. However, evidence and guidance on management is sparse. The aim of this international survey was to assess differences in prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies for AE-IPF in specialised and non-specialised ILD centres worldwide.Material and Methods: Pulmonologists working in specialised and non-specialised ILD centres were invited to participate in a survey designed by an international expert panel. Responses were evaluated in respect to the physicians' institutions.Results: Three hundred and two (65%) of the respondents worked in a specialised ILD centre, 134 (29%) in a non-specialised pulmonology centre. Similarities were frequent with regards to diagnostic methods including radiology and screening for infection, treatment with corticosteroids, use of high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation in critical ill patients and palliative strategies. However, differences were significant in terms of the use of KL-6 and pathogen testing in urine, treatments with cyclosporine and recombinant thrombomodulin, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critical ill patients as well as antacid medication and anaesthesia measures as preventive methods.Conclusion: Despite the absence of recommendations, approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AE-IPF are comparable in specialised and non-specialised ILD centres, yet certain differences in the managements of AE-IPF exist. Clinical trials and guidelines are needed to improve patient care and prognosis in AE-IPF.
Effects of Previous Kasai Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid in Biliary Atresia With End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Song Wei , Sun Li-Ying , Zhu Zhi-Jun 
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cholestatic liver disease in neonates. Although the Kasai procedure can improve temporary biliary drainage in some cases, complications and liver fibrosis still develop. Liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of previous Kasai surgery on gut microbiota and bile acid in BA with end-stage liver disease.Methods: Patients with BA with end-stage liver disease were divided into two groups according to whether they had previously undergone Kasai surgery (non-Kasai: n = 8, post-Kasai: n = 8). Metagenomic sequencing and ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify the gut microbiota and bile acid.Results: Previous Kasai surgery had some effects on gut microbiota and bile acid in BA with end-stage liver disease. In the gut microbiome, the differential species were mainly distributed at the species level. Veillonella atypica had a significant increase in the non-Kasai group (P &lt; 0.05). Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Barnesiella spp., Parabacteroides spp., Heliobacterium spp., Erysipelatoclostridium spp. and Diaporthe spp. were increased in the post-Kasai group (P &lt; 0.05). Concerning functional profiles, methionine biosynthesis was enriched in the non-Kasai group, while pyridoxal biosynthesis and riboflavin biosynthesis were enriched in the post-Kasai group (linear discriminant analysis &gt; 2, P &lt; 0.05). In stools, 17 bile acids were distinctly elevated in the post-Kasai group, such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and tauro α-muricholate (P &lt; 0.05). Spearman correlation test showed that V. atypica had an enormously positive correlation with liver enzymes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli were associated with derivatives of the alternative pathway of bile acid metabolism.Conclusion: Previous Kasai surgery can improve the gut microbiota and bile acid in patients with BA with end-stage liver disease. This improvement contributes to maintaining the intestinal barrier.