bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural design for mechanical–optical multifunctionality in the exoskeleton of the flower beetle
Torynorrhina flammea
Authors: Jia Zian , Fernandes Matheus C. , Deng Zhifei , Yang Ting , Zhang Qiuting , Lethbridge Alfie , Yin Jie , Lee Jae-Hwang , Han Lin , Weaver James C. , Bertoldi Katia , Aizenberg Joanna , Kolle Mathias , Vukusic Pete , Li Ling 
Published: June 2021

Significance
In the design of multifunctional materials, harnessing structural and compositional synergies while avoiding unnecessary trade-offs is critical in achieving high performance of all required functions. Biological material systems like the cuticles of many arthropods often fulfill multifunctionality through the intricate design of material structures, simultaneously achieving mechanical, optical, sensory, and other vital functionalities. A better understanding of the structural basis for multifunctionality and the functional synergies and trade-offs in biological materials could thus provide important insights for the design of bioinspired multifunctional materials. In this study, we demonstrate a concerted experimental, theoretical, and computational approach that uncovers the structure–mechanics–optics relationship of the beetle’s cuticle, opening avenues to investigate biological materials and design photonic materials with robust mechanical performance.
Engineering cellular metabolite transport for biosynthesis of computationally predicted tropane alkaloid derivatives in yeast
Authors: Srinivasan Prashanth , Smolke Christina D. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceOur work highlights the importance of addressing metabolite transport limitations in parallel with strain and culture optimization for production of plant-derived medicines and derivatives in engineered microbes. We show that supervised classification strategies can outperform conventional approaches when searching plant transcriptomes for metabolite transporters. Our discovery of two vacuolar tropane alkaloid (TA) exporters provides insight into the spatial organization associated with biosynthesis of these molecules. We illustrate how differences in transporter specificity and mechanisms can be leveraged to control accumulation of pathway products in an enhanced yeast-based TA production platform. By engineering this platform for production of TA derivatives using enzymes evolved for alkaloid detoxification, we reveal sources of biocatalysts for expanding biosynthetic diversity in heterologous hosts.
Rtt105 promotes high-fidelity DNA replication and repair by regulating the single-stranded DNA-binding factor RPA
Authors: Wang Xuejie , Dong Yang , Zhao Xiaocong , Li Jinbao , Lee Jordan , Yan Zhenxin , Yang Shuangshuang , Wu Wenqiang , Hou Ximiao , Liu Guangxue , Zhang Yueyue , Song Lun , Cai Gang , Li Qing , Ira Grzegorz , Zhang Xinghua , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Cells have evolved multiple mechanisms restraining the usage of lower-fidelity DNA repair pathways and polymerases. This work focuses on how deregulated Replication Protein A (RPA)–single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) assembly may impact the fidelity of genome duplication and repair. The absence of Rtt105 causes lower nuclear levels of RPA and impaired RPA-ssDNA assembly, resulting in increased replication errors with large deletions or duplications and elevated usage of the low-fidelity repair pathways. We show that this mechanism is likely conserved between yeast and humans. Thus, our work could provide insights into how human cells ensure high-fidelity DNA replication and repair. Furthermore, our study could potentially offer explanations for the genetic basis of some genome arrangements in human diseases.
The logic of categorisation in sport
Authors: Parry Jim , Martínková Irena 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to examine the basis of eligibility rules in sport by exhibiting the logic of categorisation, with its associated ethical problems. We shall be concerned mainly with pre‐competition categories – age, sex, weight and dis/ability – because they are directly relevant to sports performance and are relatively stable inequalities. We shall prefer to use the term “categorisation”, although we mean by it just what others might mean by classification, to refer to divisions, classes, groups, etc. The paper argues that we have categories only because we consider it desirable to offer some groups protected status in order to enable and promote inclusion and fairness. This desirability condition determines eligibility. Only then do issues arise of which sub‐categories we should have, and how they are to be policed. There will always be categories in sport, as a minimum to protect athletes based on age groupings, from children to veterans. But since every categorisation brings its own problems, we need to ensure that we keep them balanced, so that sport can strive for maximum inclusion of different kinds of athletes, and maximum fairness. This requires us to step back from the many particular debates in order to rethink the logic of the whole categorisation process.
Assessment of tissue biochemical and optical scattering changes due to hypothermic organ preservation: a preliminary study in mouse organs
Authors: Saito Nogueira Marcelo , Raju Michael , Komolibus Katarzyna , Grygoryev Konstantin , Andersson-Engels Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Clinical transplantation medicine currently faces a significant shortage of organ donors to supply the need of an increasingly aged population. Despite this, organs are still discarded due to graft stress induced by hypoxia or ischemia prior to procurement. Approaches to minimize donor organ discard include appropriate organ preservation and monitoring of organ function. Predominant organ preservation strategies involve hypothermia between 0 °C and 12 °C. In this study, we investigate the effect of temperature alone on tissue microstructural and biochemical parameters during cold preservation of mouse organs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating this cooling effect on multiple tissue parameters such as blood oxygenation, concentrations of blood, methemoglobin, water, lipid, and bile as well as scattering amplitude, Mie scattering power and fraction of Rayleigh scattering. These parameters were extracted by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy spectral fitting at an extended wavelength range between 450 and 1590 nm and a Monte Carlo look-up table including a wide range of tissue optical properties compared to previous studies. Our findings can be used to understand biological processes undertaking cooling to propose new strategies involving optimized cold storage times and composition of organ preservation solutions for minimized cellular and tissue damage.
A first comparison of Kinetic Field Theory with Eulerian Standard Perturbation Theory
Authors: Kozlikin Elena , Lilow Robert , Fabis Felix , Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a detailed comparison of the newly developed particle-based Kinetic Field Theory framework for cosmic large-scale structure formation with the established formalism of Eulerian Standard Perturbation Theory. We highlight the qualitative differences of both approaches by a comparative analysis of the respective equations of motion and implementation of initial conditions. A natural starting point for a first quantitative comparison is given by the non-interacting regime of free-streaming kinematics.
Our results suggest that Kinetic Field Theory contains a complete resummation of Standard Perturbation Theory in this regime.
We further show that the exact free-streaming solution of Kinetic Field Theory cannot be recovered in any finite order of Standard Perturbation Theory. Kinetic Field Theory
should therefore provide a better starting point for perturbative treatments of non-linear structure formation.
Scalar neutrino dark matter in the BLMSSM *
Authors: Zhang Ming-Jie , Zhao Shu-Min , Dong Xing-Xing , Yang Zhong-Jun , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The BLMSSM is an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). Its local gauge group is

. Supposing the lightest scalar neutrino is a dark matter candidate, we study the relic density and the spin independent cross section of sneutrino scattering off a nucleon. We calculate the numerical results in detail and find a suitable parameter space. The numerical discussion can confine the parameter space and provide a reference for dark matter research.
Global land use of diets in a small island community: a case study of Palau in the Pacific
Authors: Nakamura Shinichiro , Iida Akiko , Nakatani Jun , Shimizu Takafumi , Ono Yuya , Watanabe Satoshi , Noda Keigo , Kitalong Christopher 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Modern dietary habits in communities are linked and are part of the global food supply chain. To achieve sustainable food production and consumption, communicating the impact associated with food production and dietary choices at community level to consumers is important. However, previous footprint studies have primarily focussed on food consumption at the national level and neglected community–level consumption activities. This study surveyed the diets of a small island community and linked the results with multi-region land footprint analysis in Ollei Village, Republic of Palau. The analysis was used to determine the extent to which the dietary lifestyles of communities depend on external land use through the global supply chain. We showed that the global food supply chain has reached this corner of the world, and the dietary habits of the community are already heavily dependent on processed and imported foods. The community and country are highly dependent on large land use in some major producer/exporting countries through the global food supply chain. In addition, the amount of external land used for food production exceeds the biocapacity of the agricultural land in the community and country. This study bridges the gap between community–level consumption activities and national-scale footprint analysis, and quantitatively assesses the impact of consumption activities at the community level on the global environment. The results and approach of this study could contribute to the development and implementation of vertically integrated food policies between the national and community level in Palau.
Coastal wetlands mitigate storm flooding and associated costs in estuaries
Authors: Fairchild Tom P , Bennett William G , Smith Greg , Day Brett , Skov Martin W , Möller Iris , Beaumont Nicola , Karunarathna Harshinie , Griffin John N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As storm-driven coastal flooding increases under climate change, wetlands such as saltmarshes are held as a nature-based solution. Yet evidence supporting wetlands’ storm protection role in estuaries—where both waves and upstream surge drive coastal flooding—remains scarce. Here we address this gap using numerical hydrodynamic models within eight contextually diverse estuaries, simulating storms of varying intensity and coupling flood predictions to damage valuation. Saltmarshes reduced flooding across all studied estuaries and particularly for the largest—100 year—storms, for which they mitigated average flood extents by 35% and damages by 37% ($8.4 M). Across all storm scenarios, wetlands delivered mean annual damage savings of $2.7 M per estuary, exceeding annualised values of better studied wetland services such as carbon storage. Spatial decomposition of processes revealed flood mitigation arose from both localised wave attenuation and estuary-scale surge attenuation, with the latter process dominating: mean flood reductions were 17% in the sheltered top third of estuaries, compared to 8% near wave-exposed estuary mouths. Saltmarshes therefore play a generalised role in mitigating storm flooding and associated costs in estuaries via multi-scale processes. Ecosystem service modelling must integrate processes operating across scales or risk grossly underestimating the value of nature-based solutions to the growing threat of storm-driven coastal flooding.
Recapitulating monocyte extravasation to the synovium in an organotypic microfluidic model of the articular joint
Authors: Mondadori Carlotta , Palombella Silvia , Salehi Shima , Talò Giuseppe , Visone Roberta , Rasponi Marco , Redaelli Alberto , Sansone Valerio , Moretti Matteo , Lopa Silvia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The synovium of osteoarthritis (OA) patients can be characterized by an abnormal accumulation of macrophages originating from extravasated monocytes. Since targeting monocyte extravasation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy, our aim was to develop an organotypic microfluidic model recapitulating this process. Synovium and cartilage were modeled by hydrogel-embedded OA synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes separated by a synovial fluid channel. The synovium compartment included a perfusable endothelialized channel dedicated to monocyte injection. Monocyte extravasation in response to chemokines and OA synovial fluid was quantified. The efficacy of chemokine receptor antagonists, RS-504393 (CCR2 antagonist) and Cenicriviroc (CCR2/CCR5 antagonist) in inhibiting extravasation was tested pre-incubating monocytes with the antagonists before injection. After designing and fabricating the chip, culture conditions were optimized to achieve an organotypic model including synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes, and a continuous endothelial monolayer expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. A significantly higher number of monocytes extravasated in response to the chemokine mix (p < 0.01) and OA synovial fluid (p < 0.01), compared to a control condition. In both cases, endothelium pre-activation enhanced monocyte extravasation. The simultaneous blocking of CCR2 and CCR5 proved to be more effective (p < 0.001) in inhibiting monocyte extravasation in response to OA synovial fluid than blocking of CCR2 only (p < 0.01). The study of extravasation in the model provided direct evidence that OA synovial fluid induces monocytes to cross the endothelium and invade the synovial compartment. The model can be exploited either to test molecules antagonizing this process or to investigate the effect of extravasated monocytes on synovium and cartilage cells.
High-dynamic-range 3D measurement for E-beam fusion additive manufacturing based on SVM intelligent fringe projection system
Authors: Liu Yue , Blunt Liam , Gao Feng , Jiang Xiangqian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electron Beam Metal Additive Manufacturing (EBAM) has been developed over recent years because of its advantages in manufacturing internal features and complex structures with relatively high productivity. The process proceeds by layer by layer melting and re-solidification of metal powder utilising an electron beam energy source. Following solidification of the build layer, the surface becomes ‘shiny’ with high reflectivity which makes in-process inspection of the surface of the build layer using fringe projection, difficult. To address this issue, a novel intelligent fringe projection technique using a support-vector-machine (SVM) algorithm is proposed to measure the 3D topography of high dynamic range surfaces on a layer by layer basis within the EBAM machine. To facilitate the SVM implementation a range of EBAM manufactured surfaces are utilised as samples for training and classification. The training measurements are based on different exposure times and saturated pixels are utilised as feature vectors to predict tested samples categories. Training errors are evaluated, and the correct recognition rate is 91%, which indicates the proposed training method can effectively predict the categories of the surfaces. Examples of melting edge swelling and powder bed inspections during a part build are used to demonstrate the system capability for inspection high dynamic range measurement within the EBAM machine. The whole inspection process lasts less than 5 s with two measurements which minimises the time penalty for the manufacturing process. Experimental results showed that the powder and the melting surface defects could be efficiently inspected using the proposed technology and the measurement result could be fed back to the build process to improve the processing quality.
Discursive Epidemiology: Two Models
Authors: Tirrell Lynne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Toxic speech inflicts damage to mental and physical health. This process can be chronic or acute, temporary or permanent. Understanding how toxic speech inflicts these harms requires both an account of linguistic practices and, because language is inherently social, tools from epidemiology. This paper explores what we can learn from two epidemiological models: a common source model that emphasizes poisons, and a propagated transmission model that better fits contagions like viruses.
Node similarity-based graph convolution for link prediction in biological networks
Authors: Coşkun Mustafa , Koyutürk Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Link prediction is an important and well-studied problem in network biology. Recently, graph representation learning methods, including Graph Convolutional Network (GCN)-based node embedding have drawn increasing attention in link prediction.

Motivation
An important component of GCN-based network embedding is the convolution matrix, which is used to propagate features across the network. Existing algorithms use the degree-normalized adjacency matrix for this purpose, as this matrix is closely related to the graph Laplacian, capturing the spectral properties of the network. In parallel, it has been shown that GCNs with a single layer can generate more robust embeddings by reducing the number of parameters. Laplacian-based convolution is not well suited to single-layered GCNs, as it limits the propagation of information to immediate neighbors of a node.

Results
Capitalizing on the rich literature on unsupervised link prediction, we propose using node similarity-based convolution matrices in GCNs to compute node embeddings for link prediction. We consider eight representative node-similarity measures (Common Neighbors, Jaccard Index, Adamic-Adar, Resource Allocation, Hub- Depressed Index, Hub-Promoted Index, Sorenson Index and Salton Index) for this purpose. We systematically compare the performance of the resulting algorithms against GCNs that use the degree-normalized adjacency matrix for convolution, as well as other link prediction algorithms. In our experiments, we use three-link prediction tasks involving biomedical networks: drug–disease association prediction, drug–drug interaction prediction and protein–protein interaction prediction. Our results show that node similarity-based convolution matrices significantly improve the link prediction performance of GCN-based embeddings.

Conclusion
As sophisticated machine-learning frameworks are increasingly employed in biological applications, historically well-established methods can be useful in making a head-start.

Availability and implementation
Our method, SiGraC, is implemented as a Python library and is freely available at https://github.com/mustafaCoskunAgu/SiGraC.
Open Data Practices among Users of Primary Biodiversity Data
Authors: Mandeville Caitlin P , Koch Wouter , Nilsen Erlend B , Finstad Anders G 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPresence-only biodiversity data are increasingly relied on in biodiversity, ecology, and conservation research, driven by growing digital infrastructures that support open data sharing and reuse. Recent reviews of open biodiversity data have clearly documented the value of data sharing, but the extent to which the biodiversity research community has adopted open data practices remains unclear. We address this question by reviewing applications of presence-only primary biodiversity data, drawn from a variety of sources beyond open databases, in the indexed literature. We characterize how frequently researchers access open data relative to data from other sources, how often they share newly generated or collated data, and trends in metadata documentation and data citation. Our results indicate that biodiversity research commonly relies on presence-only data that are not openly available and neglects to make such data available. Improved data sharing and documentation will increase the value, reusability, and reproducibility of biodiversity research.
Misdirected attentional focus in functional tremor
Authors: Huys Anne-Catherine M L , Haggard Patrick , Bhatia Kailash P , Edwards Mark J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A characteristic and intriguing feature of functional neurological disorder is that symptoms typically manifest with attention and improve or disappear with distraction. Attentional phenomena are therefore likely to be important in functional neurological disorder, but exactly how this manifests is unknown. The aim of the study was to establish whether in functional tremor the attentional focus is misdirected, and whether this misdirection is detrimental to the movement, or rather reflects a beneficial compensatory strategy.
Patients with a functional action tremor, between the ages of 21–75, were compared to two age and gender matched control groups: healthy control participants and patients with an organic action tremor. The groups included between 17 and 28 participants. First, we compared the natural attentional focus on different aspects of a reaching movement (target, ongoing visual feedback, proprioceptive-motor aspect). This revealed that the attentional focus in the functional tremor group, in contrast to both control groups, was directed to ongoing visual feedback from the movement. Next, we established that all groups were able to shift their attentional focus to different aspects of the reaching movement when instructed. Subsequently, the impact of attentional focus on the ongoing visual feedback on movement performance was evaluated under several conditions: the reaching movement was performed with direct, or indirect visual feedback, without any visual feedback, under three different instruction conditions (as accurately as possible/very slowly/very quickly) and finally as a preparatory movement that was supposedly of no importance. Low trajectory length and low movement duration were taken as measures of good motor performance.
For all three groups, motor performance deteriorated with attention to indirect visual feedback, to accuracy and when instructed to move slowly. It improved without visual feedback and when instructed to move fast. Motor performance improved, in participants with functional tremor only, when the movement was performed as a preparatory movement without any apparent importance.
In addition to providing experimental evidence for improvement with distraction, we found that the normal allocation of attention during aimed movement is altered in functional tremor. Attention is disproportionately directed towards the ongoing visual feedback from the moving hand. This altered attentional focus may be partly responsible for the tremor, since it also worsens motor performance in healthy control participants and patients with an organic action tremor. It may have its detrimental impact through interference with automatic movement processes, due to a maladaptive shift from lower- to higher-level motor control circuitry.