bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trypsin Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Facilitating Viral Entry
Authors: Kim Yeeun , Jang Guehwan , Lee Duri , Kim Nara , Seon Jeong Won , Kim Young-hoan , Lee Changhee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus infects the cell by cytoplasmic or endosomal membrane fusion driven by the spike (S) protein, which must be primed by proteolytic cleavage at the S1/S2 furin cleavage site (FCS) and S2′ site by cellular proteases. Exogenous trypsin as a medium additive facilitates isolation and propagation of several coronaviruses in vitro. Here, we showed that trypsin mediated the enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in cultured cells and that SARS-CoV-2 entered the cells via either a non-endosomal or an endosomal fusion pathway depending on the presence of trypsin. Interestingly, trypsin enabled viral entry at the cell surface and led to more efficient infection efficiency than trypsin-independent endosomal entry, suggesting that trypsin production in the target organs may trigger high replication of SARS-CoV-2 and cause severe tissue injury. Extensive syncytia formation and enhanced growth kinetics were observed only in the presence of exogenous trypsin for the cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains. During 50 serial passages without trypsin addition, a specific R685S mutation occurred in the S1/S2 FCS (681PRRAR685) that was completely conserved but with several mutations in the S2 fusion subunit in the presence of trypsin. These findings demonstrate that S1/S2 FCS is essential for S protein proteolytic priming and fusion activity for SARS-CoV-2 entry but not for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our data can contribute to the improvement of SARS-CoV-2 production to develop vaccines or antivirals and motivate further investigations into the explicit functions of cell adaptation-related genetic drift in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Adolescent Ghanaian Girls 36 Months After Vaccination
Authors: Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy , Dassah Edward Tieru , Owusu-Dabo Ellis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Available human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines could have an important primary role in cervical cancer prevention once their long-term immunogenicity and safety are evaluated at the population level. The aim of this study was to optimize an assay to be used in evaluating the long-term durability of HPV vaccine response following a pilot vaccination of adolescent girls in Ghana.
Methods
A rapid, high-throughput, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the detection and quantitation of anti-HPV L1 (late expression protein: types 6, 11, 16 and 18) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human serum (n = 89). The performance of the assay was evaluated using serum collected from a cohort of pre-adolescent girls (n = 49) previously vaccinated with a quadrivalent vaccine and non-immune serum obtained from age-matched controls (n = 40).
Results
The seroprevalence of anti-HPV IgG antibodies was significantly higher among vaccinated than unvaccinated girls for both HPV − 16 (63.3% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.001) and HPV − 18 (34.7% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.042), respectively. Thirty-six months after receiving the third dose of vaccine, significantly higher mean anti–HPV-16 (0.618 vs. 0.145), anti–HPV-18 (0.323 vs. 0.309), and anti–HPV-6 (1.371 vs. 0.981) antibody levels were measured, compared to unvaccinated girls (all p < 0.05). A correlation between optical density and antibody activity indicated assay sensitivity to increasing levels of antibody activity.
Conclusion
We have successfully developed and implemented a robust and sensitive assay for the evaluation of antibody responses among immunized adolescent girls for monitoring future large-scale HPV vaccination studies in low-income settings. Our results demonstrated greater immunoglobulin G antibody activity within serum drawn from adolescent girls immunized 36 months prior.
Associations of Sleep Problems With Asthma/wheeze and Allergic Rhinitis Among Chinese Children Aged 0-6 Years: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ma Ying , Tang Jie , Wen Yuqi , Hu Yan , Liang Jingjing , Jiang Lin , Xing Yanfei , Lin Suifang , Song Yanyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis are common among pre-school age children, which urgently need to identify more modifiable risk factors for prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep problems with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis among Chinese children aged 0-6 years. Methods: This cross-sectional survey, a part of the National Survey on Physical Growth and Development of Children in nine cities of China (NSPGDC), was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Children aged 0-6 years were randomly selected from 29 communities and 32 kindergartens. Asthma/wheeze, allergic rhinitis and sleep problem were evaluated by a valid questionnaire which was completed by participants’ parent(s). Binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis according to short sleep duration, late bedtime and frequent nocturnal awaking. Results: We included 13376 children aged 0~6 years. Of these, 371 (2.8%) diagnosed as asthma/wheeze, and 610 (4.6%) diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis, adjusted OR were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.20~1.94) and 1.39(1.14-1.71), respectively. Further subgroup analysis showed the association of frequent nocturnal awakening with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis differed by age. No significant associations of short duration and late bedtime with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis were identified. Conclusions: Our data suggested that frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis, but this association differed by age. Further studies are warranted to confirm its’ causal association and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Deep Convolution Neural Networks Learned Image Classification for Early Cancer Detection Using Lightweight
Authors: K Seshadri Ramana , K Bala Chowdappa , ooruchintala Obulesu , Mandru Deena Babu , suresh kallam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth in any part of the body. Early cancer detection aims to identify patients who exhibit symptoms early on in order to maximise their chances of a successful treatment. Cancer disease mortality is decreased through early detection and treatment. Numerous researchers proposed a variety of image processing and machine learning approaches for cancer detection. However, existing systems did not improve detection accuracy or efficiency. A Deep Convolutional Neural Learning Classifier Model based on the Least Mean Square Filterative Ricker Wavelet Transform (L-DCNLC) is proposed to address the aforementioned issues. The L-DCNLC Model's primary objective is to detect cancer earlier by utilising a fully connected max pooling deep convolutional network with increased accuracy and reduced time consumption. The fully connected max pooling deep convolutional network is composed of one input layer, three hidden layers, and one output layer. Initially, the input layer of the L-DCNLC Model considers the number of patient images in the database as input.
Empirical Study of the Coupling Relationship Between Biodiversity and Environmental Geology Under Different Ecological Status: Evidence From Five Typical Areas in Guizhou, China
Authors: Xie Yuangui , Zhang Lanyue , Gong Xinxiang , Liu Jiming , Liao Xiaofeng , Dong Yanyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Analyzing the coupling relationship between biodiversity and environmental geology and exploring the factors affecting the coupling degree are of vital significance for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment. In this study, we selected five typical areas (i.e., Caohai, Chishui, Fanjingshan, Maolan, and Guanshanhu) to represent the whole Guizhou Province, China. Based on the coupling coordination degree model, we analyzed their coupling coordination trend. The results showed that the coordinated development stages of the Chishui and Fanjingshan areas both could be categorized as the synchronous development type of primary coordination because of their excellent nature conditions; the Maolan area was categorized as having restrained environmental geology because of its weak environmental geology condition; and the Guanshanhu and Weining areas were strongly affected by human activities, and both could be categorized as having restrained biodiversity. In combination with practical situation, Guizhou province can be categorized into the following three zones: an original ecological zone, a zone with fragile ecological environment, and a zone affected by human activities. Biodiversity conservation measures should be proposed according to the specific ecological situation of these different zones. In this way, the harmonious coexistence of economic development and the ecological environment can be realized.
A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study Evaluating the Scar Outcome after Gluteal Dermis Fat Graft with and without Kinesiotaping
Authors: Klingenstein Annemarie , Garip-Kuebler Aylin , Muth Daniel R , Hintschich Christoph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare gluteal wound healing after dermis fat graft (DFG) implantation in patients with and without local application of kinesiotapes.Methods: In this prospective, single-center analysis, 16 patients who underwent DFG implantation were randomized in two groups. Wound healing was compared 4-6 weeks after therapy and 3 months later (after application of 2 cycles of kinesiotaping for 2-3 weeks in the case and no specific therapy in the control group). Demographic data, patient content and wound healing were assessed. Scarring was graded (0-3) by evaluation of photodocumentation by 2 blinded, independent observers.Results: Mean scar grading by both observers decreased from 2.31±0.48 to 1.13±0.72 in the case and from 2.38±0.52 to 1.44±0.50 in the control group with interobserver-agreement on scar grading being substantial to almost perfect in both groups. Scar length decreased significantly in both groups (p=0.008). Scar prominence decreased in 2/3 of cases in the case and 1/3 in the control group. Scar coloring significantly improved in the case group alone (p=0.031).Conclusion: No functionally impairing or painful scar developed. No adverse effects occurred after kinesiotaping. Gluteal scars shortened significantly over time and were significantly paler in the case group. Kinesiotaping could prevent hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation.Trial registration number: DRKS00023111; trial register: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (www.drks.de), retrospectively registered
Preliminary Investigation and Significance on the Architectural Cultural Value: A Case Study of Ancient Theater Buildings in Shaanxi Central Plain Region
Authors: Cao Jing , Bai Zhidan , Fan Liwei , Su Jing , Liu Dan , Li Yuhu , Wang Juanli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As a witness to the history of development, architecture is an important material symbol for recording history and a precious "immovable" historical and cultural heritage. The ancient theater building of the village not only condenses the artistic style of traditional architecture, but also embodies the regional character and heavy folk culture formed in the historical development of a region, and its value is indescribable. This paper takes the most characteristic ancient theater building in Shaanxi Central Plain Region as an example, and it takes the Zouyue Pavilion as the research object, and innovatively proposes the preliminary investigation method of the cultural relics protection which is equal emphasis on the protection and inheritance of the tangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage, it adopts the cultural relic exploration, field survey, local chronicles research and other methods, through the excavation of the diversified historical information and cultural value of the Zouyue Pavilion, it provides a cultural relic value and research significance basis for its restoration and protection, and more importantly, the precious cultural, historical and social values that can be presented, thus realizing the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in a real sense.
Coexistence of the Social Semantic Effect and Non-Semantic Effect in the Default Mode Network
Authors: Zhang Guangyao , Hung Jinyi , Lin Nan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have found both semantic and non-semantic effects in the default mode network (DMN), leading to an intense debate on the role of the DMN in semantic processes. Four different views have been proposed: 1) The general semantic view holds that the DMN contains several hub regions supporting general semantic processes; 2) the non-semantic view holds that the semantic effects observed in most regions of the DMN (especially the ventral angular gyrus) are confounded by difficulty and do not reflect semantic processing per se; 3) the multifunction view holds that the same areas in the DMN can support both semantic and non-semantic functions; and 4) the multisystem view holds that the DMN contains multiple subnetworks supporting different aspects of semantic processes separately. Using an fMRI experiment, we found that in one of the subnetworks of the DMN, called the social semantic network, all areas showed social semantic activation and difficulty-induced deactivation. The ventral angular gyrus, whose function had been interpreted according to the difficulty effect, showed social semantic activation independent of difficulty. In addition, the distributions of two non-semantic effects, that is, difficulty-induced and task-induced deactivations, showed dissociation in the DMN. Our findings provide two insights into the semantic and non-semantic functions of the DMN, which are consistent with both the multisystem and multifunction views: First, the same areas of the DMN can support both social semantic and non-semantic functions; second, similar to the multiple semantic effects of the DMN, the non-semantic effects also vary across its subsystems.
The Correlation between temperature and COVID-19 Incidence: An ecologic study
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Heiran Alireza , Hemmati Abdolrasool , Lotfi Mehrzad , Akbari Mahsa , forouzanrad Alireza , Sahebi Roya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

It has been hypothesized that the COVID-19 is less prevalent in regions with warm climates. Here we investigated the correlation between temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate.
Method

Daily data of the temperature and the cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate were obtained from meteorological stations’ reports and CORONALAB database, respectively, for every 36 counties of Fars province, southern Iran.
Results

A decreasing pattern in the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 was occurred at 20-25°C and 25-35°C for counties with the cold climate and counties with the warm climate, respectively; while it was increased at both upper and lower temperatures.
Conclusion

It appears that higher rates of disease transmission at temperatures below 20°C and above 35°C might be linked to people’s indoor gatherings, coupled with insufficient ventilation.
Long Noncoding RNA GUSBP3 And SAM4 Function As Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Kazak Populations In The Xinjiang Region of China
Authors: Ba Tao , Ma Tianshui , Sun Yuan , Zhu YuRong , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Kan , Chang Xiangyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of T2DM is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, among which LncRNAs have a huge impact on diabetes.In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of lncRNA GUSBP3 and lncRNA SAM4 for T2DM in Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were screened by microarray analysis microarray in a Kazakh population in Xinjiang, and the expression of two candidate lncRNAs (lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4) was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerization chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Meanwhile, GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis were used to reveal the biological functions of the two candidate lncRNAs. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to elucidate the correlation between lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4 expression and metabolic characteristics. We found that the expression of lnc-GUSBP-3 and lnc-SAM-4 was up-regulated in the T2DM group compared to healthy controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DBP, FIns and lnc-GUSBP3 were associated with T2DM susceptibility.In addition, ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of lnc-GUSBP3 and lnc-SAM4. Results: We conducted a microarray analysis of PBMC collected from patients with T2DM and healthy controls, all of Kazakh origin. In the microanalysis, we identified 89 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 147 differentially expressed mRNAs. real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from T2DM patients and healthy controls from the Xinjiang Kazakh population revealed significantly increased levels of lncRNAs GUSBP3 and SAM4 in T2DM patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lncRNA GUSBP3 expression correlated negatively with FIns, but positively with creatinine and uric acid (UA). Furthermore, lncRNA SAM4 expression correlated negatively with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but positively with UA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for lnc-GUSBP3 and lnc-SAM4 were 0.789 (95% CI = 0.672–0.906) and 0.741 (95% CI = 0.616–0.866), respectively. Conclusion: There were significant changes in lncRNA and mRNA in Kazakh T2DM patients. LncRNA-GUSBP3 and lncRNA-SAM4 may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM in Kazakhs in Xinjiang.
Identification of Key Genes Related to Lung Cancer with Brain Metastasis through Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis
Authors: Niu Huatao , Cao Honghua , Liu Xin , Zuo Pin , Chen Yanbei , Cheng Zhaojin , Li Ke , Huang Yunchao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common malignant tumors affecting the human central nervous system, more than 50% of BM are lung cancer. However, there is currently no universal and effective screening tool for lung cancer with BM. The study aimed to identify key genes of lung cancer with BM, achieving early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer with BM and long-term monitoring of the therapeutic response.Methods: RNA-seq data and related clinical information were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis was performed using WGCNA package and MEtuequois module was considered as the highest correlation. The Limma package of R was used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung cancer with BM and healthy samples. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments of DEGs were analysed. LASSO and SVM were used to derive key genes for lung cancer with BM, and survival analysis was used to verify the correlation between the outcome and the key genes that we found. Key genes are annotated by GSEA, and CIBERSORT was used to calculate immune infiltration from samples.Results: 5 co-expression modules were detected, and ME turquois was most significantly associated with BM in lung cancer. These genes were mainly enriched in biological processes related to cell adhesion and immunity, and the main signaling pathways are significantly related to disease and cell adhesion. 4 BM-related key genes (AQP1, GSTA1, ROS1, TGFB1I1) were identified by LASSO regression analysis and SVM-RFE screening, they were demonstrated as the potential markers for lung cancer with BM. Immune cell infiltration revealed that they were negatively correlated with T cells regulatory, T cells CD8 and Mast cells activated. Overall survival correlation analysis confirmed that the expression of AQP1, GSTA1 and TGFB1I1 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients, ROS1 was positively correlated with the prognosis of patients.Conclusions: AQP1, GSTA1, TGFB1I1 and ROS1 were identified as key genes of lung cancer with BM patients, which may regulate cancer progression by regulating immunity and have potential prognostic effects.
MicroPET Imaging of Bacterial Infection with Specifically Nitroreductase Responsive 18F-labeled Nitrogen Mustard Analogues
Authors: Huang Lumei , Fang Jianyang , Hong Shouqiang , Liu Huanhuan , Zhu Haotian , Feng Lixia , Zhuang Rongqiang , Zhao Xilin , Guo Zhide , Zhang Xianzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Bacterial infection and antibiotic-resistant are still serious threats to human health. Here, we aim to develop two novel radiotracers 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP with specific nitroreductase (NTR) responsive to image the deep-seated bacterial infection with PET for differentiating infection from sterile inflammation.
Methods

18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were synthesized via a one-step method. All the steps of tracers radiosynthesis were successfully adapted in the All-In-One automated module. After the physiochemical properties of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were characterized, their specificity and selectivity to NTR were verified in E. coli and S. aureus as well. The ex vivo biodistribution of tracers was evaluated in normal mice. MicroPET-CT imaging was acquired in mouse models of bacterial infection and inflammation after the administration of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP.
Results

Fully automated radiosynthesis of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were achieved within 90 - 110 min with overall decay-uncorrected isolated radiochemical yields of 21.24 ± 4.25 % and 11.3 ± 3.78 % respectively. Molar activities of 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP were 320 ± 40 GBq/µmol and 275 ± 33 GBq/µmol respectively. In addition, 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP exhibited good selectivity and specificity to NTR response. PET-CT imaging in bacterial infected mice models with 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP showed significant radioactivity uptakes in both E. coli and S. aureus infected muscles. Especially, the E. coli infected muscle uptakes were up to 2.4 ± 0.2 %ID/g (18F-NTRP) and 4.05 ± 0.49 %ID/g (18F-NCRP), 3-fold to control uptake. Furthermore, both 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP showed a 2.6-fold higher uptake in bacterial infection compared to inflammation counterparts, indicating that they can distinguish infection from inflammation effectively.
Conclusion

Based on the promising results of this preliminary study, 18F-NTRP and 18F-NCRP are worth further study to verify their potentials for bacterial infection imaging via NTR responsive.
Tensor-network Study of Correlation-spreading Dynamics in the Two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model
Authors: Kaneko Ryui , Danshita Ippei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in analog quantum simulators based on cold atoms and trapped ions call for cross-validating the accuracy of quantum-simulation experiments with use of quantitative numerical methods; however, it is particularly challenging for dynamics of systems with more than one spatial dimension. Here we demonstrate that a tensor-network method running on classical computers is useful for this purpose. We specifically analyze real-time dynamics of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model after a sudden quench starting from the Mott insulator by means of the infinite projected entangled pair state algorithm. Calculated single-particle correlation functions are found to be in good agreement with a recent experiment [Y. Takasu et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaba9255 (2020)]. By estimating the phase and group velocities from the single-particle and density-density correlation functions, we predict how these velocities vary in the moderate interaction region, which serves as a quantitative benchmark for future experiments.