bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prelaminated flaps in head and neck cancer reconstructive surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Fermi Matteo , Bassano Edoardo , Molinari Giulia , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Scarpa Alfonso , Presutti Livio , De Santis Giorgio , Mattioli Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrelamination is a reconstructive technique providing fasciomucosal or composite flaps with low donor‐site morbidity. We conducted a systematic review of retrospective studies to assess the application of prelaminated flaps in reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancer patients, and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.MethodsThis systematic review adhered to the recommendations of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis) 2009 guidelines. A computerized MEDLINE search was performed using the PubMed service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org) and Scopus database (www.scopus.com), running the following search string: “prelamination OR prelaminated AND flap.” Two authors screened the articles, then selected and extracted data on malignancies characteristics, reconstructive techniques, outcomes and complications.ResultsA total of 19 articles were selected and reviewed from 128 identified. Seven of 19 articles were case reports, 12 articles were case series. One‐hundred‐two patients underwent reconstructive treatment by prelamination technique using a wide variety of flaps (92 free, 10 pedicled). The sites of reconstruction were oral cavity (66 floor of the mouth, 3 retromolar trigone, 6 hard palate, 4 cheek, 4 tongue), 8 facial skin (5 of them sited on the nose), 4 oropharyngeal defects, 1 laryngotracheal region. No case of total flap loss was reported. Partial flap loss or shrinkage requiring minor surgical revisions was observed in 18 patients (17.6%). Primary closure of the donor site was achieved in 97 cases (97%) and 3 (3%) required revision surgery of the donor site.ConclusionPrelamination is an effective and versatile technique, with low donor‐site morbidity. Further studies would be needed to investigate the impact on the patient's oncologic outcome. More comparative studies with standard reconstructive techniques are essential to understand when it is worth performing this sophisticated procedure.
A novel lens antenna with wide beamwidth using three dimensional printing
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Kama , Zhang Bing , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Zhuoyue , Hou Jing , Rasool Nouman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel lens antenna with wide beamwidth using three‐dimensional printing is proposed. The proposed antenna is comprised of a concave lens by using three‐dimensional printing, a lantern shaped patch with a parasitic ring, and eight loaded monopoles around the center. The antenna operating frequency is 5.8 GHz, and the prototype is implemented. The measured half power beamwidth are 142° and 130° at the xoz and the yoz planes, respectively. Besides, the antenna is low cost, easy to fabricated, and very low cross polarization. Measured results agree well with the simulation results.
Photonically integrated gain‐switched lasers for optical frequency comb generation
Authors: Hammad Mohab N. , Lakshmijayasimha Prajwal D. , Kaszubowska‐Anandarajah Aleksandra , Anandarajah Prince M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe authors present the complete characterization of two cost‐efficient photonically integrated slotted lasers that offer regrowth free manufacturing. Furthermore, the application of these devices, as multi‐carrier transmitters is also investigated. In particular, the authors employ gain switching, an optical frequency comb (OFC) generation technique based on the direct modulation. The first device used is a dual section discrete mode index patterned device. It comprises two sections, implemented in a master–slave configuration to achieve optical injection locking (OIL) of the slave section. The second, a four‐section device, consists of two regrowth‐free Fabry‐Perot lasers, also forming a master–slave configuration. The authors demonstrate that the additional sections give finer control over the OIL parameters of the device. Results show that the OIL leads to the enhancement of the modulation bandwidth, which in turn can be used to generate a broader OFC. The generated OFC is characterized to demonstrate additional improvements brought by OIL such as reduced optical linewidth and relative intensity noise. The lower fabrication cost of such photonically integrated slotted lasers, accompanied by their applicability to OFC generation make them attractive potential candidates for the employment in next generation short reach optical networks.
Effects of hatching enzymes on egg envelope digestion in the male‐brooding seahorse
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Zhang Bo , Kawaguchi Mari , Lin Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of hatching enzymes on the egg envelope digestion during the hatching period in the male brooding seahorse. The complementary DNAs encoding two hatching‐enzyme genes, high choriolytic enzyme (HCE) and low choriolytic enzyme (LCE), were cloned and functionally characterized from the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus). The genomic‐synteny analysis confirmed that teleosts shared LCE gene synteny. In contrast, the genomic location of HCE was found to be conserved with pipefish, but not other teleosts, suggesting that translocation into a novel genomic location occurred. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization showed that HCE and LCE mRNAs were expressed in hatching gland cells. To determine the digestion mechanisms of HCE and LCE in hatching, recombinant HCE and LCE were generated and their enzyme activities were examined using fertilized egg envelopes and synthetic peptides. Seahorse HCE and LCE independently digested and softened the egg envelopes of the lined seahorse. Although the egg envelope was digested more following HCE and LCE co‐treatment, envelope solubilization was not observed. Indeed, both HCE and LCE showed similar substrate specificities toward four different synthetic peptides designed from the cleavage sites of egg envelope proteins. HCE and LCE proteins from other euteleostean fishes showed different specificities, and the egg envelope was solubilized by the cooperative action of HCE and LCE. These results suggest that the function of LCE was degenerated in the lined seahorse. Our results imply a digestion mechanism for evolutionary adaptation in ovoviviparous fish with male pregnancy.
Telemedicine visits in myasthenia gravis: Expert guidance and the Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam (MG‐CE)
Authors: Guidon Amanda C. , Muppidi Srikanth , Nowak Richard J. , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Hehir Michael K. , Ruzhansky Katherine , Burton Leeann B. , Post David , Cutter Gary , Conwit Robin , Mejia Nicte I. , Kaminski Henry J. , Howard James F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsTelemedicine may be particularly well‐suited for myasthenia gravis (MG) due to the disorder's need for specialized care, its hallmark fluctuating muscle weakness, and the potential for increased risk of virus exposure among patients with MG during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic during in‐person clinical visits. A disease‐specific telemedicine physical examination to reflect myasthenic weakness does not currently exist.MethodsThis paper outlines step‐by‐step guidance on the fundamentals of a telemedicine assessment for MG. The Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam (MG‐CE) is introduced as a MG‐specific, telemedicine, physical examination, which contains eight components (ptosis, diplopia, facial strength, bulbar strength, dysarthria, single breath count, arm strength, and sit to stand) and takes approximately 10 minutes to complete.ResultsPre‐visit preparation, remote ascertainment of patient‐reported outcome scales and visit documentation are also addressed.DiscussionAdditional knowledge gaps in telemedicine specific to MG care are identified for future investigation.
Challenges, fabrications and horizons of oxide solid electrolytes for solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Wei Ran , Chen Shaojie , Gao Tianyi , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolid electrolyte is a key component for all‐solid‐state lithium battery that is one of the most promising technologies for next‐generation energy storages. This review describes the challenges and strategies, preparation methods and outlook of oxide solid electrolytes for solid‐state lithium batteries. The general strategies on enhancing ionic conductivity of oxide solid electrolytes and reducing impedance interface are first summarized. We then introduce the basic structures of typical oxide electrolytes. The preparation technologies are also introduced for oxide electrolytes with various dimensions including bulk, thin film and fiber. In addition, the integration of oxide electrolytes with electrode materials is highlighted. In the last part, an outlook for the future development of oxide electrolytes towards practical applications is provided.
Integral equations and model reduction for fast computation of nonlinear periodic response
Authors: Buza Gergely , Haller George , Jain Shobhit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe propose a reformulation for a recent integral equations approach to steady‐state response computation for periodically forced nonlinear mechanical systems. This reformulation results in additional speed‐up and better convergence. We show that the solutions of the reformulated equations are in one‐to‐one correspondence with those of the original integral equations and derive conditions under which a collocation‐type approximation converges to the exact solution in the reformulated setting. Furthermore, we observe that model reduction using a selected set of vibration modes of the linearized system substantially enhances the computational performance. Finally, we discuss an open‐source implementation of this approach and demonstrate the gains in computational performance using three examples that also include nonlinear finite‐element models.
Electrical resistivity tomographic detection of the hidden Thakek fault, Northeast Thailand
Authors: Arjwech Rungroj , Everett Mark E. , Chaisuriya Suriyachai , Youngme Winit , Rattanawannee Jetsadarat , Saengchomphu Sakhon , Thitimakorn Thanop , Somchat Kittipong 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe Khorat plateau covers most of northeast Thailand along with parts of southern Laos. Recent earthquake hazard assessment and other studies of the regional Thakek fault have rarely appeared in publications and reports. The Thakek fault zone in the Laos region includes three main principal fault planes, but it rapidly fades out when the fault passes through Thailand. A geophysical hidden fault study in the Khorat plateau is herein performed in Bung Kan and Nakhon Phanom provinces, Thailand, where the surface expression is difficult to document through conventional geological surveys. Some fault traces have been identified by satellite image interpretation and digital elevation model analysis. Geological field investigation and electrical resistivity tomography surveys were carried out in order to determine an optimal site for trenching. The electrical resistivity tomography results show zones of high and low resistivity interpreted as coarse sediment layers and mudstone, respectively. The maximum vertical fault offset occurring along the fault trace interpreted from the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomographic slices is 40 ± 5 m. Based on the electrical resistivity tomography results, a trench was excavated to directly investigate patterns of faulting and deformation. Based on structural geological observations at the trench wall, indications of faulting have been tentatively identified. In particular, faulting appears to have displaced mudstone over Quaternary sediments with vertical offsets >3.5 m cutting the youngest unit. The result has implications for seismic hazard assessment in northeast Thailand.
Modeling the impact of calorie‐reduction interventions on population prevalence and inequalities in childhood obesity in the Southampton Women's Survey
Authors: Russell Simon J. , Hope Steven , Croker Helen , Crozier Sarah , Packer Jessica , Inskip Hazel , Viner Russell M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, rates of childhood obesity are high and inequalities in obesity have widened in recent years. Children with obesity face heightened risks of living with obesity as adults and suffering from associated morbidities. Addressing population prevalence and inequalities in childhood obesity is a key priority for public health policymakers in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Where randomized controlled trials are not possible, potential policy actions can be simulated using causal modeling techniques.ObjectivesUsing data from the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS), a cohort with high quality dietary and lifestyle data, the potential impact of policy‐relevant calorie‐reduction interventions on population prevalence and inequalities of childhood obesity was investigated.MethodsPredicted probabilities of obesity (using UK90 cut‐offs) at age 6–7 years were estimated from logistic marginal structural models adjusting for observed calorie consumption at age 3 years (using food diaries) and confounding. A series of policy‐relevant intervention scenarios were modeled to simulate reductions in energy intake (differing in effectiveness, the targeting mechanisms, and level of uptake).ResultsAt age 6–7 years, 8.3% of children were living with obesity, after accounting for observed energy intake and confounding. A universal intervention to lower median energy intake to the estimated average requirement (a 13% decrease), with an uptake of 75%, reduced obesity prevalence by 1% but relative and absolute inequalities remained broadly unchanged.ConclusionsSimulated interventions substantially reduced population prevalence of obesity, which may be useful in informing policymakers.
Curcumin‐loaded PHB/PLLA nanofibrous scaffold supports osteogenesis in adipose‐derived stem cells in vitro
Authors: Abazari Mohammad Foad , Zare Karizi Shohreh , Hajati‐Birgani Nazanin , Kohandani Mina , Torabinejad Sepehr , Nejati Fatemeh , Nasiri Navid , Maleki Mohammad Hossein , Mohajerani Hassan , Mansouri Vahid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the most important goals of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate damaged tissue and improve its function by making three‐dimensional scaffolds. This role becomes more important and efficient when it can release a biologically active factor at the site of the lesion. In the present study, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/poly(l‐lactic acid) nanofibers (PHB/PLLA) and curcumin‐incorporated PHB/PLLA nanofibers (cur‐PHB/PLLA) were fabricated using electrospinning. After morphological and biological characterization, and Curcumin release assessment, the osteogenic differentiation potential of the human adipose–derived stem cells (ADSCs) was investigated with the evaluation of the common osteogenic markers. Fabricated nanofibers were smooth, bead free, and with continuous release of curcumin. The biocompatibility of the fabricated nanofibers was improved while incorporated with curcumin compared to the empty nanofibers. Besides, evaluation of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, and osteogenic‐related gene expression revealed that the PHB/PLLA mat can support osteogenic differentiation of the ADSCs more efficiently while incorporated with curcumin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that cur‐PHB/PLLA has promising potential for use in the treatment of the bone lesions and/or bone tissue engineering.
A precorrection intervention to teach behavioral expectations to young children
Authors: Wahman Charis L. , Anderson Eric J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of a precorrection intervention on teacher and student behavior. Children and teachers were recruited from an early childhood center in a Midwestern city to participate in this study focused on explicitly teaching behavioral expectations. Using a multiple probe design across three children, the impact of scripted stories, roleplays, and social praise was examined. Teachers were trained on how to implement the intervention through a simple technical assistance meeting, including on‐going performance feedback. Although teachers did not implement all intervention components with high fidelity, a modest change in behavior was observed for all child participants which indicates an established functional relation between the intervention package and child adherence to behavioral expectations.
Nurses' perception, knowledge, and use of neonatal pain assessment
Authors: Carlsen Misic Martina , Andersen Randi Dovland , Strand Sofia , Eriksson Mats , Olsson Emma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreterm and sick newborn infants undergo several painful procedures during their hospital stay, potentially leading to short‐ and long‐term negative consequences. Pain assessment should be performed regularly to provide optimal pain management. Nurses' knowledge of and attitude toward neonatal pain assessment affect how pain is assessed and managed in the clinical situation. The aim of this study was to explore Swedish nurses' perception, knowledge, and use of neonatal pain assessment. This descriptive, cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted across all Swedish neonatal units (n = 38). Respondents were chosen through convenience sampling by the head nurses at each unit. Ten nurses from each unit were asked to complete the survey, which contained both closed and open questions. A majority of the units (30/38; 79%) participated and 232 surveys were returned, a response rate of 61%. Of the nurses, 91% thought that neonatal pain assessment was important. Many nurses mentioned various difficulties with pain assessment and concerns that the scales used might not assess pain correctly. About half of the nurses considered themselves to have enough knowledge of neonatal pain assessment. Those who reported having enough knowledge of pain assessment viewed the pain scales used at their units more positively. Of the nurses, 74% reported using a pain assessment scale several times per work shift. Pain management guidelines were available according to 75% of nurses, but only 53% reported that the guidelines were followed. Although nurses in general expressed a positive attitude toward pain assessment scales, this was not necessarily evident in their clinical practice. Lack of knowledge, available or accessible guidelines, or concerns regarding the validity of available pain scales seemed to limit their use.
Asymmetric layer‐by‐layer polyelectrolyte nanofiltration membranes with tunable retention
Authors: Scheepers Daniëlle , Chatillon Benjamin , Nijmeijer Kitty , Borneman Zandrie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanofiltration (NF) membrane processes are attractive to remove multivalent ions. As ion retention in NF membranes is determined by both size and charge exclusion, negatively charged membranes are required to reject negatively charged ions. Layer‐by‐layer assembly of alternating polycation (PC) and polyanion layers on top of a support is a versatile method to produce membranes. Especially the polyelectrolyte (PE) couple polydiallyldimethylammoniumchloride and poly(sodium‐4‐styrenesulfonate) (PDADMAC/PSS) is extensively investigated. This PE couple cannot form highly negatively charged membrane surfaces, due to interdiffusion and charge overcompensation of PDADMAC into the PSS layers, which limits the operational window to tailor membrane properties. We propose the use of asymmetric layer formation and show how combining two charge densities of one PC can produce negatively charged NF membranes. Starting from hollow fiber ultrafiltration supports coated with base layers of PDADMAC/PSS, they are coated with PDADMAC/PSS or poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammoniumchloride), P(AM‐co‐DADMAC)/PSS layers. P(AM‐co‐DADMAC) has a charge density of only 32% compared to 100% for PDADMAC. The particular novel membranes coated with P(AM‐co‐DADMAC) have a highly negatively charged surface and high permeabilities (7–19 L/[m2hbar]), with high retentions for Na2SO4of up to 95%. These values position the developed membranes in the top range compared to commercial and other layer‐by‐layer membranes.
Voriconazole treatment of pulmonary mycosis caused by Chrysosporium zonatum after treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Matsuzaki Takuya , Kasai Hajime , Ikeda Hideki , Tajiri Yuki , Suzuki Kenichi , Watanabe Akira , Kamei Katsuhiko , Urushibara Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChrysosporium zonatum is a soil‐dwelling fungus that rarely causes pulmonary infections, and a small number of cases have been reported to date. A 74‐year‐old man, who had previously been treated for tuberculosis, presented with symptoms of low‐grade fever, anorexia, cough, and bloody sputum. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a thick‐walled cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe, in which there was a suspected mycotic mass. Initially, the patient was suspected to have chronic aspergillosis due to positive serum anti‐Aspergillus antibodies. However, bronchoscopic culture revealed the growth of C. zonatum. Symptoms and imaging findings improved with administration of voriconazole for 18 months. Infection by C. zonatum is very rare and is difficult to differentiate from aspergillosis by clinical features. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of coinfection with C. zonatum and Aspergillus sp. Voriconazole may be an effective treatment option.
Novel application of a discrete time‐to‐event model for randomized oral immunotherapy clinical trials with repeat food challenges
Authors: Purington Natasha , Andorf Sandra , Bunning Bryan , Chinthrajah Sharon , Nadeau Kari , Desai Manisha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) generally focuses on a participant passing a challenge at a predetermined dose, and does not consider the dose of reaction for those who fail or are censored due to study discontinuation. Further, a number of food allergy trials have incorporated multiple DBPCFCs throughout the duration of the study in order to evaluate changes in reaction over time including sustained unresponsiveness from treatment. Outcomes arising from these trials are commonly modeled using Chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests at each time point. We propose applying time‐to‐event methodology to food allergy trials in order to exploit the inherent granularity of challenge outcomes that additionally accommodates repeated DBPCFCs. Specifically, we consider dose‐to‐failure for each study challenge and extend the cumulative tolerated dose across challenges to result in a dose‐time axis. A discrete time‐to‐event framework is applied to the dose‐time outcome to assess the efficacy of treatment across the entire study period. We illustrate ideas with data from the Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Study: Safety, Efficacy and Discovery (POISED) trial, conducted at Stanford University, which evaluated the efficacy of oral immunotherapy on desensitization and sustained unresponsiveness in peanut allergic children and adults. We demonstrate the advantages of time‐to‐event approaches for assessing the efficacy of treatment over time and incorporating information for those who failed or were lost to follow up. Further, we introduce a dose‐time outcome that is interpretable to clinicians and allows for examination of such outcomes over time.
Cesium Carbonate Catalyzed Oxa‐Michael Addition of Oximes to Acrylonitrile
Authors: Stahl Jessica , Yatham Veera Reddy , Crespi Stefano , König Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the O‐alkylation of oximes with Michael acceptors using Cs2CO3 as the catalyst. The transformation proceeds stereospecifically with retention of the oxime configuration. Irradiation with visible light in the presence of diphenyl anthracene and cerium complexes affects the E to Z configuration ratio of the oxime ether products, but a complete stereocontrol was not achieved. The operationally simple protocol allows the synthesis of various O‐alkylated oxime products that are useful precursors for further chemical transformations.