bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status
Authors: Bellezza Oddon Sara , Biasato Ilaria , Imarisio Arianna , Pipan Miha , Dekleva Dominik , Colombino Elena , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Meneguz Marco , Bergagna Stefania , Barbero Raffaella , Gariglio Marta , Dabbou Sihem , Fiorilla Edoardo , Gasco Laura , Schiavone Achille 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four‐day‐old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.
Patients' experience while transitioning from the intensive care unit to a ward
Authors: Cuzco Cecilia , Delgado‐Hito Pilar , Marín Pérez Raquel , Núñez Delgado Anna , Romero‐García Marta , Martínez‐Momblan María Antonia , Martínez Estalella Gemma , Carmona Delgado Inmaculada , Nicolas José María , Castro Pedro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) patients can experience emotional distress and post‐traumatic stress disorder when they leave the ICU, also referred to as post‐intensive care syndrome. A deeper understanding of what patients go through and what they need while they are transitioning from the ICU to the general ward may provide input on how to strengthen patient‐centred care and, ultimately, contribute to a positive experience.AimTo describe the patients' experience while transitioning from the ICU to a general ward.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodData were gathered through in‐depth interviews and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The qualitative study was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.FindingsForty‐eight interviews were conducted. Impact on emotional well‐being emerged as a main theme, comprising four categories with six subcategories.ConclusionTransition from the ICU can be a shock for the patient, leading to the emergence of a need for information, and an impact on emotional well‐being that has to be planned for carefully and addressed prior to, during, and following transition from the ICU to the general ward.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is essential that nurses understand patients' experiences during transfer, identifying needs and concerns to be able to develop and implement new practices such as ICU Liaison Nurse or Nurse Outreach for the follow‐up of these patients, the inclusion of a consultant mental health nurse, and the application of patient empowerment during ICU discharge.
Reversion of fruit‐dependent inhibition of flowering in Citrus requires sprouting of buds with epigenetically silenced CcMADS19
Authors: Mesejo Carlos , Marzal Andrés , Martínez‐Fuentes Amparo , Reig Carmina , de Lucas Miguel , Iglesias Domingo J. , Primo‐Millo Eduardo , Blázquez Miguel A. , Agustí Manuel 
Published: August 2021

Summary

In Citrus, the response to environmental floral inductive signals is inhibited by the presence of developing fruits. The mechanism involves epigenetic activation of the CcMADS19 locus (FLC orthologue), encoding a floral repressor.

To understand how this epigenetic regulation is reverted to allow flowering in the following season, we have forced precocious sprouting of axillary buds in fruit‐bearing shoots, and examined the competence to floral inductive signals of old and new leaves derived from them.

We have found that CcMADS19 is enriched in repressive H3K27me3 marks in young, but not old leaves, revealing that axillary buds retain a silenced version of the floral repressor that is mitotically transmitted to the newly emerging leaves, which are able to induce flowering.

Therefore, we propose that flowering in Citrus is necessarily preceded by vegetative sprouting, so that the competence to respond to floral inductive signals is reset in the new leaves.
Changes in third molar position after Class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with asymmetric extractions
Authors: Janson Guilherme , F. Almeida JÃcssica , Valerio Marcelo Vinicius , Velásquez Gonzalo , Aliaga‐Del Castillo Aron , Gamba Garib Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess the changes in third molars angulation and their available space after Class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with asymmetric premolar extractions.MethodsThe sample consisted of 37 patients (17 male, 20 female and mean age 13.18 ± 1.99 years) in group 1 (Type 1 Class II subdivision) and 25 (10 male, 15 female, mean age 13.56 ± 2.46 years) in group 2 (Type 2 Class II subdivision). In group 1, extractions were performed in the two maxillary quadrants and in the Class I mandibular quadrant. In group 2, extraction was performed in the Class II maxillary quadrant. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate third molar angulations and their available space pre‐ and post‐treatment. Radiographic measurements were performed with Dolphin® Imaging 11.9. Paired t tests were used for intragroup comparison between stages and sides.ResultsIn Type 1, there were similar improvements in third molar angulations and increases in the space available on the extraction quadrants in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, there was significantly greater improvement in angulation and greater space availability in the extraction quadrant after treatment. In Type 2, there was significantly greater improvement in angulation and available space for the maxillary third molar on the extraction quadrant. In the mandibular arch, there was a similar improvement in the available space for the third molars.ConclusionsAfter treatment, both groups presented better angulation and significantly greater space for third molar eruptions on the extraction quadrants, when compared to the homologous non‐extraction quadrants.
Frequency of osteonecrosis in bisphosphonate users submitted to dental procedures: A systematic review
Authors: Martins Lucio Henrique Ives , Ferreira Delaine Cristina , Silva Marcus Tolentino , Motta Rogério Heládio Lopes , Franquez Reginaldo Tavares , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency of osteonecrosis of the jaw in bisphosphonate users submitted to dental procedures.MethodsThis systematic review searched the sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library, with no restriction on language or publication date. Reviewers, in pairs and independently, selected the studies, extracted their data, and assessed the risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model.ResultsA total of 27 studies (5391 participants) were included. The most reported bisphosphonates were zoledronate (n = 17 studies) and alendronate (n = 19) for treating cancers (n = 11) and osteoporosis (n = 16), respectively. Twelve studies were of low methodological quality. The frequency of osteonecrosis was 2.7% (95% CI: 0.9–5.2%) and proved higher for intravenous [6.9% (0.7–17.3%)] than oral [0.2% (0.9–5.2%)] bisphosphonate use. No association between longer treatment duration and greater frequency of osteonecrosis was observed.ConclusionsHigher frequency of osteonecrosis was observed in intravenous bisphosphonate users submitted to dental extraction. Further studies collecting more detailed information on the bisphosphonates used and of greater methodological rigor are warranted to confirm these findings and better inform prescribers, dental surgeons, and other professionals on risks of bisphosphonate use in this patient group.
How accessible is primary eye care for children in England?
Authors: Wilson Salma , Ctori Irene , Suttle Catherine , Conway Miriam , Shah Rakhee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeGood vision during childhood is vital for visual, educational, and social development. Previous research highlights challenges in the accessibility of eye care for children. This study investigates the accessibility of primary eye care for young children with typical development and those with autism in England.MethodsA telephone survey was conducted using four hypothetical scenarios (a child aged 1, 3, 5 years and a 13‐year‐old with autism). Four hundred community optometric practices (100 different practices for each scenario) were contacted to explore the availability of an eye examination. The caller acted as a parent, asking about the availability of an eye examination for their child and raising concerns regarding the child. Key barriers and enablers to the accessibility of primary eye care were identified through an analysis of qualitative information.ResultsOf the 400 practices, only three (<1%) stated that they do not perform eye examinations on children. Fifty‐six practices (14%) stated that they would examine a child at any age, the remainder (n = 341, 85%) specifying a minimum age at which they would perform eye examinations on children. Lack of ‘communication’ from the child and ‘equipment’ were identified as barriers to accessing eye care for young children. Eye care for children with autism was enabled by factors related to adaptability and appointment time.ConclusionOur results suggest that communication and a lack of appropriate equipment for examining children are potential barriers to accessing primary eye care. No clear barriers were identified for an older child with autism. Eye examinations are more accessible for older children in these scenarios (aged 5 with typical development and 13 years with autism) than younger children (aged 1 and 3 years old). While the UK General Ophthalmic Services (GOS) terms do not permit contract holders to exclude categories of patients from a GOS eye exam, our findings suggest this is taking place.
Preoperative anxiety in preschool children: A randomized clinical trial comparing midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine
Authors: Bromfalk Åsa , Myrberg Tomi , Walldén Jakob , Engström Åsa , Hultin Magnus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety in pediatric patients may challenge perioperative anesthesiology management and worsen postoperative outcomes. Sedative drugs aimed to reducing anxiety are available with different pharmacologic profiles, and there is no consensus on their effect or the best option for preschool children. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of three different premedications on anxiety before anesthesia induction in preschool children aged 2−6 years scheduled for elective surgery. The secondary outcomes comprised distress during peripheral catheter (PVC) insertion, compliance at anesthesia induction, and level of sedation.Patients and methodsIn this double‐blinded randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 90 participants aged 2−6 years, who were scheduled for elective ear‐, nose‐and‐throat surgery. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: those who were administered 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam, 4 µg/kg oral clonidine, or 2 µg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine. Anxiety, distress during PVC insertion, compliance with mask during preoxygenation, and sedation were measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, Behavioral Distress Scale, Induction Compliance Checklist, and Ramsay Sedation Scale, respectively.ResultsSix children who refused premedication were excluded, leaving 84 enrolled patients. At baseline, all groups had similar levels of preoperative anxiety and distress. During anesthesia preparation, anxiety was increased in the children who received clonidine and dexmedetomidine; however, it remained unaltered in the midazolam group. There were no differences in distress during PVC insertion or compliance at induction between the groups. The children in the clonidine and dexmedetomidine groups developed higher levels of sedation than those in the midazolam group.ConclusionsIn preschool children, midazolam resulted in a more effective anxiolysis and less sedation compared to clonidine and dexmedetomidine.
Is Normative Uncertainty Irrelevant if Your Descriptive Uncertainty Depends on It?
Authors: Robinson Pamela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccording to ‘Excluders’, descriptive uncertainty – but not normative uncertainty – matters to what we ought to do. Recently, several authors have argued that those wishing to treat normative uncertainty differently from descriptive uncertainty face adependence problembecause one's descriptive uncertainty can depend on one's normative uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the phenomenon of dependence poses a decisive problem for Excluders. I argue that existing arguments fail to show this, and that, while stronger ones can be found, Excluders can escape them.
Skin of color images in pediatric dermatology textbooks
Authors: Barve Ajit , Shah Manish , Sheth Preeti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to globalization, dermatologists routinely see patients of different ethnicities and skin tones. Surveys from the US have shown that dermatologists felt that their training was lacking in diagnosing dermatoses in skin‐of‐color patients. Underrepresentation of skin of color in dermatology textbooks has been reported. We evaluated clinical images in selected pediatric dermatology textbooks with regard to skin color.
Observational “go‐alongs” of follow‐up HIV care visits of two virally suppressed Black sexual minority men
Authors: Dangerfield Derek T. , Ober Allison J. , Anderson Janeane N. , Gorbach Pamina , Bluthenthal Ricky N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study explored potentially underreported healthcare contexts, clinical experiences, and motivations for adherence in care among virally suppressed Black sexual minority men (BSMM) living with HIV (LWHIV) in Baltimore, MD.MethodsGo‐alongs with two virally suppressed BSMM LWHIV supplemented 27 in‐depth interviews of a larger qualitative study guided by Positive Deviance and Life Course Theory. The go‐alongs involved accompanying participants’ follow‐up HIV care visit to obtain a better account of contextual healthcare factors. Observations focused on (1) clinic location and resources, (2) sources of HIV and sexuality stigma or support in the clinic, and (3) patient‐provider interactions.ResultsWe found that facilitators and barriers to viral suppression for BSMM LWHIV included structural factors (i.e., healthcare setting, facility, and services), quality of patient‐provider interactions, and personal motivations to achieve viral suppression.ConclusionClinic accessibility, co‐located clinical services, and rapport with clinicians and healthcare staff could be key contextual conditions that facilitate retention in care among BSMM LWHIV.
Power to the People: The Hidden Link Between Support for Direct Democracy and Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Pantazi Myrto , Papaioannou Kostas , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem 
Published: August 2021

Although an increasing volume of research has identified several negative sociopolitical attitudes as correlates of conspiracy theories, to date it remains unclear whether belief in conspiracy theories is necessarily in conflict with support for democratic governance. In this contribution, we integrate previous findings suggesting inconsistent relationships between belief in conspiracy theories and support for democratic governance. Study 1 (N = 300) shows that belief in conspiracy theories is associated with decreased support for representative democracy but increased support for direct democracy. Study 2 (N = 270) replicated these findings and revealed that these relationships were mediated by political cynicism and feelings of powerlessness. In Study 3 (N = 298), we experimentally show that a system with direct democracy (as compared with representative democracy) empowered participants and therefore decreased belief in conspiracy theories. Contrary to the common notion that conspiracy theories are associated with decreased support for democracy, these findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs are associated with a preference for direct over representative democracy.
Effect of Receiving Dental Treatment on mortality among nursing facility residents
Authors: Caplan Daniel J. , Ghazal Tariq S. , Cowen Howard J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the association between receipt of different types of dental procedures and mortality among nursing home residents.Methods and ResultsBetween June 2006 and March 2008, 535 nursing home residents received a health screening assessment and were offered comprehensive dental care. Death certificate data were obtained in September 2013 and multivariable regression models were generated to assess the effect of dental procedures delivered after the screening assessment on mortality, adjusting for demographic and health‐related covariates. Residents had a mean age of 85.2 years at baseline and approximately 30% were edentulous. About two‐thirds received at least one dental procedure, and about 88% had died, between the screening date and the end of follow‐up. Among dentate residents, after adjustment for relevant covariates, for each one‐unit increase in the number of intervals during which they received at least one preventive dental procedure there was a 13% decrease in mortality (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78‐0.98) at any given time, while for prosthetic dental procedures there was a 16% decrease in mortality (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72‐0.97). Among edentulous residents, only prosthetic procedures were analyzed, and they were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionAmong dentate institutionalized elderly, receipt of preventive or prosthetic dental procedures was associated with decreased mortality.
Monopsonistic competition, trade, and the profit share*
Authors: Macedoni Luca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractI present a tractable international trade model of monopsonistic competition and heterogeneous firms, in which markups and markdowns are increasing with the size of firms. The model sheds new light on the effects of trade on the aggregate profit share. In a standard model with a Pareto distribution of firm characteristics, the profit share is constant; by augmenting the model with the assumption of monopsonistic competition, trade can increase the profit share under reasonable assumptions for the parameter values. Monopsonistic competition is, thus, a contributing factor to the documented decline in the labor share and rise in corporate profits.
Neuromuscular blockade with atracurium for ophthalmic surgery in horses—Effects on surgical and anesthetic characteristics and recovery quality
Authors: Scherrer Nicole M. , Hopster Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the surgical, anesthetic and recovery qualities of horses receiving either a neuromuscular blocking agent (atracurium) or intravenous lidocaine (treatment groups A and L, respectively).Animals studiedA total of thirty horses presented for ocular surgery were used in this study.ProcedureHorses were randomly assigned to receive either atracurium (group A) or a lidocaine constant rate infusion (group L). Surgical quality was graded on a scale from 1 (excellent)‐5 (poor). While anesthetized, the heart rate, oxygen saturation and mean arterial blood pressure, and end‐expiratory carbon dioxide and desflurane concentration were monitored and recorded every 5 minutes. Recovery was scored on a scale from 10 (best)‐115 (worst).ResultsHorses in treatment group A needed significantly less desflurane then horses in treatment group L (p = 0.04). Horses in treatment group A had a significantly better surgery score of 1 (1–2) (median and range) then horses in treatment group L (2.5; 1–5) (p = 0.02). The quality of recovery was significantly better in horses in treatment group A compared with treatment group L, and horses needed significantly less time to reach the standing position.ConclusionsAtracurium and lidocaine CRI are safe methods of anesthesia for equine patients undergoing ocular surgery. Horses receiving atracurium needed less desflurane and had better surgery and recovery scores than horses receiving a lidocaine constant rate infusion.
Primary cell culture of canine corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Tajima Kazuki , Okada Misaki , Kudo Rina , Otaka Yuya , Kita Mizuki , Yamashita Yohei , Kanai Kazutaka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a primary cell culture and clarify the characteristics of canine corneal endothelial cells in vitro.ProceduresThe eyes were enucleated from dogs that were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Enucleated canine eyes were dissected, and the intact corneas were isolated from the globes. Using enzymes, the corneal endothelial cells were dispersed from the cornea. The obtained canine corneal endothelial cells were cultured in a cell culture dish. Cultured corneal endothelial cells were morphologically evaluated using phase‐contrast microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cultured cells, particularly of the corneal endothelial cell marker, zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), Na+/K+‐ATPase, and vimentin, was performed to clarify whether the cultured cells were actually corneal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the post‐passage morphology of cultured cells was evaluated.ResultsCanine primary cultured corneal endothelial cells showed morphologically small, cobblestone‐like structures. The isolated cells had proliferative ability in vitro and demonstrated positive expression of the corneal endothelial cell markers, ZO‐1, Na+/K+‐ATPase, and vimentin. However, repeated passages resulted in larger cell sizes as assessed by phase‐contrast microscopy. Repeated passages also resulted in lower cell density.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the successful culture of canine corneal endothelial cells. This might enhance the understanding of corneal endothelial cell characteristics in dogs.
Static and Cyclic Behavior of Welded DH36 Steel and Its Application at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Feng Guoqing , Leira Bernt Johan , Ren Huilong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mechanical properties of welded DH36 steel at low temperatures are important to the safety of structures in Polar areas. The purpose of the study is to investigate the static and cyclic behavior of welded DH36 steel at low temperatures based on tensile and fatigue tests. The ductile to brittle transition and fatigue ductile to brittle transition of welded DH36 steel occurred at low temperatures. Finally, some relevant applications of the results within the context of polar engineering and design are discussed in the last part of the present study.