bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind blanking is a distinct mental state linked to a recurrent brain profile of globally positive connectivity during ongoing mentation
Authors: Mortaheb Sepehr , Van Calster Laurens , Raimondo Federico , Klados Manousos A. , Boulakis Paradeisios Alexandros , Georgoula Kleio , Majerus Steve , Van De Ville Dimitri , Demertzi Athena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMind blanking (MB) is a waking state during which we do not report any mental content, challenging the view of a constantly thought-oriented brain. Here, we comprehensively characterize the MB’s neurobehavioral profile with the aim to delineate its role during ongoing mentation. Using fMRI experience-sampling, we show that MB is reported less frequently, faster, and with low transitional dynamics among other mental states, pointing to its role as a transient mental relay. Regarding its neural underpinnings, we observe higher global signal amplitude during MB reports, indicating a distinct physiological substrate. Using the time-varying functional connectome MB reports get classified with high accuracy, suggesting that MB has a unique neural composition. Indeed, a pattern of globally positive-phase coherence shows the highest similarity to the connectivity patterns associated with MB reports. We observe that this pattern’s rigid signal architecture hinders content reportability due to the brain’s inability to differentiate signals in an informative way. Collectively, we show that MB has a unique neurobehavioural profile, indicating that non-reportable mental events can happen during wakefulness. Our results add to the characterization of spontaneous mentation and pave the way for more mechanistic investigations of MB’s phenomenology.Significance StatementThe human mind is generally assumed to be thought-oriented. Mind blanking (MB) challenges this stance because it appears as if we are derived of any particular mental content to report. We here show that, during spontaneous thinking, MB is a mental state that happens by default, it has a unique behavioural profile, and it is of a rigid neural architecture that does not permit the formulation of reportable contents. Our work essentially proposes that non-reportable mental events can happen during wakefulness, and challenges the view of the mind as a constant thought-oriented operator.
Variation in susceptibility among three Caribbean coral species and their algal symbionts indicates the threatened staghorn coral,Acropora cervicornis, is particularly susceptible to elevated nutrients and heat stress
Authors: Palacio-Castro Ana M. , Dennison Caroline E. , Rosales Stephanie M. , Baker Andrew C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoral cover is declining worldwide due to multiple interacting threats. We compared the effects of elevated nutrients and temperature on three Caribbean corals:Acropora cervicornis, Orbicella faveolata, andSiderastrea siderea. Colonies hosting different algal types were exposed to either ambient nutrients (A), elevated NH4(N), or elevated NH4+ PO4(N+P) at control temperatures (26 °C) for > 2 months, followed by a 3-week thermal challenge (31.5 °C).A. cervicornishostedSymbiodinium (S. fitti)and was highly susceptible to the combination of elevated nutrients and temperature. During heat stress,A. cervicornispre-exposed to elevated nutrients experienced 84%-100% mortality and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declines of 41-50%. In comparison, no mortality and lowerFv/Fmdeclines (11-20%) occurred inA. cervicornisthat were heat-stressed but not pre-exposed to nutrients.O. faveolataandS. siderearesponse to heat stress was determined by their algal symbiont community and was not affected by nutrients.O. faveolatapredominantly hostedDurusdinium trenchiiorBreviolum, but only corals hostingBreviolumwere susceptible to heat, experiencing 100% mortality, regardless of nutrient treatment.S. sidereacolonies predominantly hostedCladocopiumC1 (C. goreaui),CladocopiumC3,D. trenchii, or variable proportions ofCladocopiumC1 andD. trenchii. This species was resilient to elevated nutrients and temperature, with no significant mortality in any of the treatments. However, during heat stress,S. sidereahostingCladocopiumC3 suffered higher reductions inFv/Fm(41-56%) compared toS. sidereahostingCladocopiumC1 andD. trenchii(17-26% and 10-16%, respectively). These differences in holobiont susceptibility to elevated nutrients and heat may help explain historical declines inA. cervicornisstarting decades earlier than other Caribbean corals. Our results suggest that tackling only warming temperatures may be insufficient to ensure the continued persistence of Caribbean corals, especiallyA. cervicornis. Reducing nutrient inputs to reefs may also be necessary for these iconic coral species to survive.
Information transfer in mammalian glycan-based communication
Authors: Fuchsberger Felix F. , Kim Dongyoon , Baranova Natalia , Kagelmacher Marten , Wawrzinek Robert , Rademacher Christoph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlycan-binding proteins, so-called lectins, are exposed on mammalian cell surfaces and decipher the information encoded within glycans translating it into biochemical signal transduction pathways in the cell. These glycan-lectin communication pathways are complex and difficult to analyse. However, quantitative data with single cell resolution provides means to disentangle the associated signalling cascades. We chose C-Type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on immune cells as a model system to study their capacity to transmit information encoded in glycans of incoming particles. Lectin receptor NFκB-reporter cell lines expressing DC-SIGN, MCL, dectin-1, dectin-2, and mincle, as well as TNFαR and TLR-1&2 in monocytic cell lines were characterized by comparing their efficiency to transmit glycan-encoded information. The information content was measured by following NFκB dependent GFP expression. While most receptors did transmit information to NFκB efficiently, we found dectin-2 to be an inefficient signalling receptor. Yet upon closer analysis we show that the sensitivity of the dectin-2 signal transduction pathway (EC50) can be enhanced by overexpression of its co-receptor FcRγ, while its transmitted information cannot. In this context, we expanded our investigation towards the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways, which is crucial during pathogen recognition. We show how lectin receptors using a similar signal transduction pathway (dectin-1 and dectin-2) are being integrated; by striking a compromise between the lectins. By using dectin-2 and other lectins as example we demonstrate how cellular heterogeneity and the receptor itself determine the efficiency and therefore outcome of the signal transduction pathways.
mSWI/SNF interacts with the ribosome and its inhibition/mutations alter translation and sensitize to mTOR/PI3K inhibitors
Authors: Ulicna Livia , Kimmey Samuel C. , Weber Christopher M. , Allard Grace M. , Bedall Sean C. , Crabtree Gerald R. , Bean Gregory R. , Van Rechem Capucine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chromatin remodelers mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) subunits are mutated, deleted or amplified in more than 40% of cancers. Understanding their functions in normal cells and the consequences of cancer’s alterations will lead to path toward new targeted therapies. Canonically, mSWI/SNF complexes regulate the structure of chromatin, however they likely have additional functions which could be relevant in carcinogenesis. Here, we highlight the substantial alteration of mSWI/SNF subunits expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in breast cancer cases. We demonstrate mSWI/SNF cytoplasmic localization and interaction with the translation initiation machinery. Short-term inhibition and depletion of specific subunits alter protein synthesis, implicating a direct role for these factors in translation. Inhibition and depletion of specific subunits increase sensitivity to mTOR-PI3K inhibitors, suggesting a potential therapeutic opportunity for diseases harboring mutations in these complexes. Indeed,SMARCA4pathogenic mutations decrease protein synthesis. Furthermore, taking advantage of the DepMap studies, we demonstrate cancer cells harboring mutations of specific mSWI/SNF subunits exhibit a genetic dependency on translation factors and are particularly sensitive to translation pathway inhibitors. In conclusion, we report an unexpected cytoplasmic role for mSWI/SNF in protein synthesis, suggesting potential new therapeutic opportunities for patients afflicted by cancers demonstrating alterations in its subunits.Statement of significanceThis study establishes direct functions for mSWI/SNF in protein synthesis. mSWI/SNF inhibition, depletion and cancer mutations alter translation and increase sensitivity to translation pathway inhibitors, illustrating the potential for new therapeutic strategies.
Tensor P-Spline Smoothing for Spatial Analysis of Plant Breeding Trials
Authors: Piepho Hans-Peter , Boer Martin P. , Williams Emlyn R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTLarge agricultural field trials may display irregular spatial trends that cannot be fully captured by a purely randomization-based analysis. For this reason, paralleling the development of analysis-of-variance procedures for randomized field trials, there is a long history of spatial modelling for field trials, starting with the early work of Papadakis on nearest neighbour analysis, which can be cast in terms of first or second differences among neighbouring plot values. This kind of spatial modelling is amenable to a natural extension using P-splines, as has been demonstrated in recent publications in the field. Here, we consider the P-spline framework, focussing on model options that are easy to implement in linear mixed model packages. Two examples serve to illustrate and evaluate the methods. A key conclusion is that first differences are rather competitive with second differences. A further key observation is that second differences require special attention regarding the representation of the null space of the smooth terms for spatial interaction, and that an unstructured variance-covariance structure is required to ensure invariance to translation and rotation of eigenvectors associated with that null space. We develop a strategy that permits fitting this model with ease, but the approach is more demanding than that needed for fitting models using first differences. Hence, even though in other areas second differences are very commonly used in the application of P-splines, our main conclusion is that with field trials first differences have advantages for routine use.
RevGadgets: an R Package for visualizing Bayesian phylogenetic analyses from RevBayes
Authors: Tribble Carrie M. , Freyman William A. , Landis Michael J. , Lim Jun Ying , Barido-Sottani Joëlle , Kopperud Bjørn Tore , Höhna Sebastian , May Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStatistical phylogenetic methods are the foundation for a wide range of evolutionary and epidemiological studies. However, as these methods grow increasingly complex, users often encounter significant challenges with summarizing, visualizing, and communicating their key results.We presentRevGadgets, anRpackage for creating publication-quality figures from the results of a large variety of phylogenetic analyses performed inRevBayes(and other phylogenetic software packages).We demonstrate how to useRevGadgetsthrough a set of vignettes that cover the most common use cases that researchers will encounter.RevGadgetsis an open-source, extensible package that will continue to evolve in parallel withRevBayes, helping researchers to make sense of and communicate the results of a diverse array of analyses.[Bayesian phylogenetics, data visualization, R, RevBayes]
Tracking long-term functional connectivity maps in human stem-cell-derived neuronal networks by holographic-optogenetic stimulation
Authors: Schmieder Felix , Habibey Rouhollah , Striebel Johannes , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen , Busskamp Volker 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been exploited widely for modelling neuronal circuits, neurological diseases and drug screening. As these networks require extended culturing periods to functionally maturein vitro, most studies are based on immature networks. To obtain insights on long-term functional features of human networks, we improved a long-term glia-co-culture culturing protocol directly on multi-electrode arrays (MEA), facilitating long-term assessment of electrical features at weekly intervals. We applied optogenetic stimulation to induce neuronal activity, which resulted in accelerated neuronal responses during network development. Using holographic stimulation with single-cell-resolution, propagating evoked activities of 400 individually stimulated neurons per MEA were traceable, and precise network functional connectivity motifs were revealed. Our integrated holographic optogenetic stimulation platform on MEAs facilitates studying long-term functional dynamics of human neuronal networksin vitro. This is an important step towards establishing hiPSC-derived neurons as profound functional testbeds for basic and biomedical research.HighlightsIntegrated platform allowed long-term optogenetic experiments on hiPSC-derived networks.Full-field optogenetic stimulation boosted hiPSC-derived neuronal network activity.Single-neuron resolution holographic stimulation evoked local responses in the network.Holographic stimulation of each neuron revealed its functional connectivity patterns.Subsequent holographic stimulation of more than 400 neurons revealed the whole network connectivity map.
Personal income tax design and background-related earnings advantages: evidence from Italy and Poland
Authors: Bloise Francesco , Franzini Maurizio , Raitano Michele 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe authors analyse how the association between parental background and adult children's earnings changes when net rather than gross children's earnings are considered and disentangle what such changes depend on: differences between pre and after taxes earnings inequality or reranking of individuals along the earnings distribution before and after taxes.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2011, the authors focus on two large European countries, Italy and Poland, with comparable levels of inequality and background-related earnings premia but very different personal income tax (PIT) design and estimate – at both the mean and the deciles of the earnings distribution – the association between parents' characteristics and children's gross and net earnings.FindingsThe authors find that in Italy the PIT reduces the magnitude of the association between parental background and adult children's earnings at the top of the distribution, while no effects emerge for Poland, and the reduction is mostly due to a decrease in earnings inequality rather than to a re-ranking of children along the distribution. The findings are confirmed when the authors simulate the introduction of a “quasi flat tax” regime in Italy.Social implicationsThe findings suggest that the higher the tax progressivity, the higher the background-related inequality reduction and the lower the intergenerational association, signalling that the degree of progressivity amongst children may be an effective weapon to reduce intergenerational inequality.Originality/valueIn the literature on intergenerational inequality, the role of taxes is usually overlooked. In this paper, the authors try to fill this gap and enquire how the PIT design affects the association between parental background and adult children's earnings.
Evaluation of enablers of cloud technology to boost industry 4.0 adoption in the manufacturing micro, small and medium enterprises
Authors: Subramanian Geetha , Patil Bhushan T. , Gardas Bhaskar B. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Cloud technology is extremely critical for the continuing progress of Industry 4.0 and it helps in pooling centralized information for the business. Further, it offers a platform for collaboration for improving the performance of the industry. This paper aims to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of cloud technology for boosting Industry 4.0 adoption in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) of the manufacturing sector.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 14 enablers were considered for the case study which were obtained from the literature survey and shortlisted by the experts of the domain (academia and industries). The interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach has been used as a methodology for exploring the relationships between the enablers. Matrices impact croises multiplication applique and classment (MICMAC) analysis has been carried out for the validation of the developed structural model. MICMAC analysis helps to identify driving power and dependency potential of all considered enablers.

Findings
The results of the investigation indicate that three factors, namely, system integration, project management and competitive pressure, were significant. These factors drive all other considered factors in the implementation process.

Research limitations/implications
The opinions of the experts from the industry and academia were analyzed for the development of the hierarchical model and these inputs could be biased. This investigation intends to help the decision makers in the effective adoption of the cloud and Industry 4.0 technologies and for the formulation of the efficient implementation policies.

Originality/value
The present study aims to focus on cloud technology as well as Industry 4.0 in the context of manufacturing MSMEs and none of the previous investigations analyzed the enablers that influence the adoption of cloud technology for boosting Industry 4.0, especially using the ISM approach.
Sharing economy services in Dhaka: a change towards women’s perception of commuting
Authors: Hoque Md. Mukitul , Saumi Bildana Haque 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
In the modern era of transportation, using a ride-sharing service can add an extra value to the lifestyles of women. Also, women are thinking about the ride-sharing service, what are the factors they consider while purchasing the service and so on. The purpose of this study is to find out women’s perception of ride-sharing services.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on deductive research approach and descriptive research design. This paper has followed mixed research method by using qualitative and quantitative data. By dividing the larger population into subgroups, the researchers have conducted a survey on 240 respondents. To select these respondents, researchers have applied simple random technique. Based on a survey on consumers’ buying behaviour of ride-sharing service, the researchers tested the impact of tangibility, reliability, safety, fare, efficiency and convenience as the factors for choosing ride-share rather than other public transportation.

Findings
The study results indicate that reliability which includes consistency, punctuality and schedule routes are the major concerning issue for women while choosing ride-share service. Women are also concerned about efficiency which includes global positioning system tracking, smartphone technology and so on. One of the important criteria for choosing a ride-sharing service is safety, which includes verified drivers, and drivers review scores. So, reliability, efficiency and safety are the most effective issues. On the other hand, tangibility, fare and convenience do not affect that much.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to scrutinize the sharing economy service in Dhaka city towards women’s perception of commuting.
Roads pose a significant barrier to bee movement, mediated by road size, traffic and bee identity
Authors: Fitch Gordon , Vaidya Chatura 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Roads are a major driver of environmental stress, yet we know surprisingly little about how roads impact the movement of insect pollinators, and consequent pollination.

We investigated the influence of roads on pollinator movement and pollination by examining patterns of pigment transfer between focal plants of two species, Coreopsis verticillata and Monarda fistulosa. We asked whether roads reduced pigment transfer, and what characteristics of roads were important in driving this reduction. We also evaluated whether pollinator assemblage differed between species, and if this mediated the effect of roads on pigment transfer.

Plants across a road from a pigment‐added plant received significantly less pigment than plants on the same side of the road. This effect was stronger for coreopsis than for monarda. The mean body size of visitors to coreopsis was significantly smaller than that of visitors to monarda, suggesting that smaller bees are more limited by roads.

Road width was the best predictor of pigment transfer, with a smaller effect of traffic volume; further research is needed to fully disentangle the effects of different road characteristics. Roadside habitat had little influence on pigment transfer, and roadside plants did not receive significantly less pigment than plants in contiguous habitat.

Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that roads pose substantial barriers to bee movement, reducing pollen flow between plants located across roadways from one another. Road characteristics, particularly width and traffic volume, mediated this effect, as did bee size. Our results suggest that the effects of roads on pollinators and pollination can be mitigated by many of the same design strategies currently being implemented to reduce human traffic accidents, offering the opportunity for win–win scenarios.
Nucleoid‐associated Rok differentially affects chromosomal transformation on Bacillus subtilis recombination‐deficient cells
Authors: Serrano Ester , Torres Rubén , Alonso Juan C. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRok, a Bacillus subtilis nucleoid‐associated protein (NAP), negatively regulates competence development and silences xenogeneic genes. We show that rok inactivation increases rpoB482 natural intraspecies chromosomal transformation (CT) and plasmid transformation to a different extent. In ΔaddAB, ΔrecO, recF15, ΔrecU, ΔruvAB or rec+ cells intraspecies CT significantly increases, but the ΔrecD2 mutation reduces, and the ΔrecX, ΔradA or ΔdprA mutation further decreases CT in the Δrok context when compared to rok+ cells. These observations support the idea that rok inactivation, by altering the topology of the recipient DNA, differentially affects the integration of homologous DNA in rec‐deficient strains, and in minor extent the competent subpopulation size. The impairment of other NAP (Hbsu or LrpC) also increased intra‐ and interspecies CT (nonself‐DNA, ~8% nucleotide sequence divergence) in rec+ cells, but differentially reduced both types of CTs in certain rec‐deficient strains. We describe that rok inactivation significantly stimulates intra and interspecies CT but differentially reduces them in transformation‐deficient cells, perhaps by altering the nucleoid architecture. We extend the observation to other NAPs (Hbsu, LrpC).