bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAB1 alleviates septic lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Sun Lihua , Zhu Hongchao , Zhang Kui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSepsis, with its high morbidity and mortality, is a difficult problem in critical care medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of GRB2‐associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in septic lung injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mouse model and A549 cell model were used to simulate septic lung injury. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. The terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase/(TdT)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis. The levels of inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In LPS‐induced sepsis mice, GAB1 expression was markedly reduced, and GAB1 overexpression significantly attenuated cell apoptosis and decreased levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and inflammatory factors in the BALF. Our results also demonstrated that GAB1 overexpression significantly reduced LPS‐induced apoptosis and inflammation of A549 cells. More importantly, GAB1 overexpression significantly inhibited the Toll‐like receptor/ NFkappaB (TLR4/NF‐κB) pathway, while silencing GAB1 significantly activated the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway and induced apoptosis and increased expression of inflammatory factors. However, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK‐242 eliminated the effect of GAB1 silencing on A549. In conclusion, GAB1 is a key regulator of sepsis by inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB mediated apoptosis and inflammation.
Subcellular architecture and metabolic connection in the planktonic photosymbiosis between Collodaria (radiolarians) and their microalgae
Authors: Decelle Johan , Veronesi Giulia , LeKieffre Charlotte , Gallet Benoit , Chevalier Fabien , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Marro Sophie , Ravanel Stéphane , Tucoulou Rémi , Schieber Nicole , Finazzi Giovanni , Schwab Yannick , Musat Niculina 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPhotosymbiosis is widespread and ecologically important in the oceanic plankton but remains poorly studied. Here, we used multimodal subcellular imaging to investigate the photosymbiosis between colonial Collodaria and their microalga dinoflagellate (Brandtodinium). We showed that this symbiosis is very dynamic whereby symbionts interact with different host cells via extracellular vesicles within the colony. 3D electron microscopy revealed that the photosynthetic apparatus of the microalgae was more voluminous in symbiosis compared to free‐living while the mitochondria volume was similar. Stable isotope probing coupled with NanoSIMS showed that carbon and nitrogen were stored in the symbiotic microalga in starch granules and purine crystals respectively. Nitrogen was also allocated to the algal nucleolus. In the host, low 13C transfer was detected in the Golgi. Metal mapping revealed that intracellular iron concentration was similar in free‐living and symbiotic microalgae (c. 40 ppm) and twofold higher in the host, whereas copper concentration increased in symbionts and was detected in the host cell and extracellular vesicles. Sulfur concentration was around two times higher in symbionts (chromatin and pyrenoid) than their host. This study improves our understanding on the functioning of this oceanic photosymbiosis and paves the way for more studies to further assess its biogeochemical significance.
‘Who cares if you're poz right now?’: Barebackers, HIV and COVID‐19
Authors: Garcia‐Iglesias Jaime , Ledin Chase 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe global COVID‐19 pandemic poses new challenges for communities built around certain sexual practices, and some of which have responded by using their previous experiences of HIV. In this article, we undertake an online ethnography of a popular Anglo‐American barebackers' forum to understand how HIV and COVID‐19 converge and how these men negotiate COVID‐19 risk by adapting previous sexual and disease prevention strategies. Barebackers, aka gay men who eroticise condomless anal intercourse, provide a relevant group to consider given their longstanding negotiation of HIV. We explore processes of responsibility, risk management and pleasure during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We suggest that their experiences of both the AIDS crisis and the current context of HIV frame their decisions around COVID‐19. We focus on how responsibility and desire shape discussions of bathhouses and the survival of barebackers' sexual practices during and after COVID‐19.
Global gaps in age data based on skeletochronology for amphibians
Authors: PENG Zhiwei , ZHANG Lixia , LU Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndividual age and population age composition are the major concerns of ecologists, evolutionary biologists and conservation biologists. In amphibians, skeletochronology—counting the number of lines of arrested growth deposited in the bone tissue, is the dominant method to determine actual age of an individual. Since 1970s, age data of the ectothermic taxa have been accumulated and increasingly used in comparative studies. Here we make a global assessment for the availability of the data, based on a collection of 369 published papers. For a specific species, more males than females were sampled. Among the extant 8146 amphibian species, only 266 (3.3%) have been skeletochronologically investigated. Of these studied species, 2 (0.9% of 214) belong to caecilians, 56 (7.6% of 740) salamanders and 208 (2.9% of 7192) anurans. A complete paucity of data was seen in 80%, 50%, and 54% of families in the corresponding orders. More temperate species than tropical species were sampled, while the proportion of Palearctic species studied was higher than that in the other 5 biogeographical realms. Species inhabiting semi‐aquatic niche were more likely to be studied than fossorial or plant dwellers. Age information of multiple populations (2–48) was available for species with a broad distribution, accounts for 61% of salamander and 43% of anuran species studied. Because these gaps in demographic knowledge can limit our understanding of questions ranging from life history evolution, population dynamics to conservation, we encourage herpetologists to pay more efforts on filling them.
Identification of the Lingual Papillae in the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
Authors: Damia Ulfah , Anjani Angelina Kusuma , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA morphological description of the sugar glider's (Petaurus breviceps) tongue was obtained from five individual sugar gliders and analysed under a scanning electron microscope and a light microscope using four methods of staining. The tongue has a noticeably elongated structure with three regions: apex, corpus and radix. Transition to the corpus is indicated by the sulcus medianus linguae and the frenulum on its ventral surface. The dorsal tongue displayed a raised mucous membrane manifesting as a type of papillae. Filiform papillae were differentiated into two subtypes: brush‐like papillae, with a short base splitting into 5–6 processes; and flower bud filiform papillae that are shorter and wider than the former, and divided into a single main process and 4–5 secondary processes. Fungiform papillae with 1–2 taste buds are interspersed between filiform papillae and absent on the radix. Conical papillae cover the lateral margin of the corpus and increase in size when closer to the radix. Vallate papillae—three in number—are arranged as a triangular structure, with the middle papillae pointing towards the root of the tongue. A continuous groove wrapped around each papilla with several taste buds is found on its lateral surface. Two of the vallate papillae are located symmetrically on each side and are much smaller than the most caudal middle vallate that is directed posteriorly. A positive reaction using separate staining with periodic acid–Schiff and Alcian blue (pH 2.5) showed Weber's glands and von Ebner's glands appearing beneath the papillae, mainly on the muscle layer of the radix. Different reactions to the stains indicated that Weber's gland contains sialomucin and/or sulfomucin, whereas von Ebner's gland consists of serous cells secreting glycogen and/or neutral mucin. The collagen structure was identified using Masson's trichrome stain in the two bottom layers of the tongue from the apex, decreasing gradually towards the radix.
Cash transfers, migration, and gender norms
Authors: Hidrobo Melissa , Mueller Valerie , Roy Shalini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough migration remains crucial for economic development, financial constraints may limit individual ability to migrate. A recent literature demonstrates that social protection programs encourage migration; however, how norms shape the migration decision of women and men are rarely considered. Analysis of 2209 panel households (2014–2016) in Mali suggests that men predominantly move for employment, whereas women move to rural areas for marriage and urban areas for employment. We then test, in the context of a large‐scale randomized controlled trial, how a cash transfer (CT) program in Mali affects the migration patterns of men and women. We find the probability of rural–rural migration among men in beneficiary households increases by 0.9 percentage points (an effect size of 100%), whereas the probability of rural–urban migration among women decreases by 0.2 percentage points (an effect size of 50%). We find no impacts on average women's rural–rural migration or men's rural–urban migration. However, women in less poor beneficiary households are more likely to engage in rural–rural migration as a result of the CT, whereas women in poorer beneficiary households realize no immediate impact. Our findings indicate that the provision of cash potentially fosters investment in profitable endeavors outside of subsistence agriculture for men but may also affect the marital migration of women.
Talking Shops: The Effects of Caucus Discussion on Policy Coalitions
Authors: Zelizer Adam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroup discussion of legislation is a defining feature of parliaments and legislatures. However, there is little evidence that these conferences influence legislators' policy positions or the disposition of legislation. This article examines how, and to what extent, group discussion influences policy coalitions. It reports results from two field experiments in which state legislators spoke about randomly selected bills in a bipartisan caucus. Chosen bills received twice as much support from caucus members as unselected bills. Estimated effects are similar in magnitude within and across party lines. Discussion did not appear to affect bill‐level outcomes such as bill content or bill passage, but power limitations make studying such policy‐level outcomes infeasible. Qualitative data from the experiments suggest that reputation and reciprocity are key mechanisms underlying influence, but that partisan voters and media are obstacles to bipartisanship in a contemporary American legislature.
Autophagy modulation alleviates cryoinjury in murine spermatogonial stem cell cryopreservation
Authors: Jung Sang‐Eun , Ahn Jin Seop , Kim Yong‐Hee , Oh Hui‐Jo , Kim Bang‐Jin , Kim Sun‐Uk , Ryu Buom‐Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation can expand the usefulness of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in various fields. However, previous investigations that have attempted to modulate cryoinjury‐induced mechanisms to increase cryoprotective efficiency have mainly focused on apoptosis and necrosis.ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish an effective molecular‐based cryoprotectant for SSC cryopreservation via autophagy modulation.Materials and methodsTo determine the efficacy of autophagy modulation, we assessed the recovery rate and relative proliferation rate and performed western blotting for the determination of autophagy flux, immunocytochemistry and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) for SSC characterization, and spermatogonial transplantation for in vivo SSC functional activity.ResultsThe results showed that a basal level of autophagy caused a higher relative proliferation rate (pifithrin‐μ 0.01 μM, 184.2 ± 11.2%; 3‐methyladenine 0.01 μM, 175.3 ± 10.3%; pifithrin‐μ 0.01 μM + 3‐methyladenine 0.01 μM, P3, 224.6 ± 22.3%) than the DMSO control (100 ± 6.2%). All treatment groups exhibited normal characteristics, suggesting that these modulators could be used as effective cryoprotectants without changing the properties of the undifferentiated germ cells. According to the results of the in vivo spermatogonial transplantation assay, the colonies per total number of cultured SSCs was significantly higher in the pifithrin‐μ 0.01 μM (1596.7 ± 172.5 colonies), 3‐methyladenine 0.01 μM (1522.1 ± 179.2 colonies), and P3 (1727.5 ± 196.5 colonies) treatment groups than in the DMSO control (842.8 ± 110.08 colonies), which was comparable to that of the fresh control (1882.1 ± 132.1 colonies).DiscussionA basal level of autophagy is more essential for resilience in frozen SSCs after thawing, rather than the excessive activation or inhibition of autophagy.ConclusionA basal level of autophagy plays a critical role in the pro‐survival response of frozen SSCs after thawing; herein, a new approach by which SSC cryoprotective efficiency can be improved was identified.
Making the Scene and the Making of a Scene: The Loose Marbles on Royal Street in Post‐Katrina New Orleans
Authors: Colby‐Bottel SherriLynn , Handler Richard 
Published: September 2021

SummaryNew Orleans has long provided visitors with scenes for the pursuit of what Erving Goffman called “action”—out‐of‐the‐ordinary experiences through which authenticity can be achieved. The founders of the Loose Marbles band came to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina to make music at the scene where jazz was born. Their activities created a new scene on Royal Street in New Orleans. With growing success, the Marbles became absorbed into the local musical establishment, but their very success required them to quit the street scene, which subsequently subsided. The essay charts the tension between the apparently spontaneous creation of a “scene” defined by what participants consider authentic action and the inevitable routinization of such scenes in tourist economies.
Attention deficit hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorders in patients with anorectal malformations
Authors: Wester Tomas , Gunnarsdottir Anna , Skoglund Charlotte , Svenningsson Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in patients with anorectal malformations compared to controls.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study including all patients born in Sweden 1997–2012 with anorectal malformation in the Swedish National Patient Register and five matched controls per patient. Anorectal malformation was the exposure. All individuals were evaluated for the outcomes, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder in the National Patient Register. Data on drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and used as proxy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Analyses were adjusted for confounders.ResultsFive hundred and fifteen patients with anorectal malformations and 2560 controls were included. Patients with anorectal malformation had a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR 3.01 (95% CI, 1.83–4.95)) and autism spectrum disorders (OR 3.07 (95% CI, 1.62–5.79)) compared to the controls. Significantly more patients with anorectal malformation had been prescribed medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared to controls (OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.33–3.85)).ConclusionPatients with anorectal malformations have a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders than controls.
Does a report = support? A qualitative analysis of college sexual assault survivors’ Title IX Office knowledge, perceptions, and experiences
Authors: Holland Kathryn J. , Cipriano Allison E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUniversities in the United States are required to remedy sexual assault under Title IX. Thus, college sexual assault survivors have the option to report to their university's Title IX Office as a mechanism for seeking sanctions and accommodations. The current study examined what survivors think about the Title IX Office, the possibility of seeking help there, and experiences with the reporting processes. Additionally, we examined the intersection between survivors’ gender and sexual identity in their perceptions and interactions. We conducted qualitative interviews with 40 survivors at a large Midwestern University and analyzed these data using content analysis and thematic analysis. The majority knew about the Title IX Office and its function, but most did not use it. Campus climate often fostered service barriers, including the minimization of sexual assault, fear of negative treatment, and social–emotional concerns. Survivors who reported rarely saw accountability for their perpetrators and frequently experienced negative treatment from investigators. There were substantial inconsistencies in reporting processes across survivors. There were few differences in knowledge and barriers across sexual and gender identities, but only cisgender women reported. Findings suggest the value in reducing barriers fostered by the campus climate and establishing mechanisms for Title IX Office oversight and accountability.
68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: A tertiary endocrine centre experience
Authors: Shah Ravikumar , Sehemby Manjeetkaur , Garg Robin , Purandare Nilendu , Hira Priya , Mahajan Abhishek , Lele Vikram , Malhotra Gaurav , Verma Priyanka , Rojekar Amey , Dalvi Abhay , Uchino Shinya , Rastogi Shivam , Lila Anurag , Patil Virendra , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveLiterature regarding utility of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT in insulinoma localization across various subgroups [benign/malignant/multiple endocrine neoplasia‐1 (MEN‐1) syndrome associated] remains scarce. In this study, the performance of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT was compared with contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and 68Ga‐NODAGA‐Exendin‐4 PET/CT (whenever available) in an endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH) cohort.DesignRetrospective audit.PatientsEHH patients [N = 36, lesions (n) = 49, final diagnosis: benign sporadic insulinoma (BSI) (N = 20), malignant insulinoma (N = 4, n = 14), MEN‐1 syndrome associated insulinoma (N = 9, n = 15), Munchausen syndrome (N = 2) and drug‐induced hypoglycemia (N = 1)] having both preoperative imaging modalities (CECT and 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT).MeasurementsPer‐lesion sensitivity (Sn) and positive predictive value (PPV) for histopathological diagnosis of insulinoma.ResultsSn and PPV of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT were 67.3% and 89.2%; 55% and 100%; 85.7% and 100%; and 66.7% and 77% for overall EHH, BSI, malignant, and MEN‐1 syndrome associated insulinoma cohorts respectively. Despite having comparatively lower sensitivity in BSI cohort, 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT localized a pancreatic tail lesion missed by other modalities. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT had comparatively higher sensitivity in malignant insulinoma than BSI cohort. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT also paved the way for successful response to 177Lu‐based peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). In MEN‐1 cases, lower PPV as compared with BSI was due to uptake in non‐insulinoma pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (Pan‐NET).Conclusions68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT has supplemental role in selected cases of BSI with negative and/or discordant results with CECT and 68Ga‐NODAGA‐Exendin‐4 PET/CT. In malignant insulinoma, 68Ga‐DOTATATE‐PET/CT has an additional theranostic potential. Interference due to uptake in non‐insulinoma Pan‐NET in MEN‐1 syndrome may hinder insulinoma localization with 68Ga‐DOTATATE‐PET/CT.
LncRNAs as a new regulator of chronic musculoskeletal disorder
Authors: Huang Hesuyuan , Xing Dan , Zhang Qingxi , Li Hui , Lin Jianjing , He Zihao , Lin Jianhao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn recent years, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play a role in the occurrence, progression and prognosis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders.Design and methodsLiterature exploring on PubMed was conducted using the combination of keywords 'LncRNA' and each of the following: 'osteoarthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'osteoporosis', 'osteogenesis', 'osteoclastogenesis', 'gout arthritis', 'Kashin‐Beck disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy', 'intervertebral disc degeneration', 'human muscle disease' and 'muscle hypertrophy and atrophy'. For each disorder, we focused on the publications in the last five years (5/1/2016‐2021/5/1, except for Kashin‐Beck disease). Finally, we excluded publications that had been reported in reviews of various musculoskeletal disorders during the last three years. Here, we summarized the progress of research on the role of lncRNA in multiple pathological processes during musculoskeletal disorders.ResultsLncRNAs play a crucial role in regulating downstream gene expression and maintaining function and homeostasis of cells, especially in chondrocytes, synovial cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and skeletal muscle cells.ConclusionsUnderstanding the mechanisms of lncRNAs in musculoskeletal disorders may provide promising strategies for clinical practice.
Predicted protected area downsizing impedes conservation progress across terrestrial ecoregions in the tropics and subtropics
Authors: Kuempel Caitlin D. , Chauvenet Alienor L. M. , Symes William S. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtected areas remain a key tool in the fight against biodiversity loss and have expanded rapidly in recent decades. However, protected areas are also increasingly experiencing downsizing events that reduce the total amount of area legally under protection. Here we explore how future predicted protected area expansion and downsizing (by 2045) will impact the ability for countries to meet representation and area‐based protection targets, such as those set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. We found that predicted protected area downsizing will likely decrease habitat representation equality and mean area‐based target (30% target) achievement by 50% and >80%, respectively, of the 36 countries analyzed across four scenarios (no protection, business as usual, random and optimal protection). Prioritizing protection of underrepresented ecoregions could offset these unfavorable outcomes, increasing representation equality, on average, by >60% and mean target achievement by >30%. We identify countries that are expected to decrease both representation equality and mean target achievement (~50% of countries across scenarios) with predicted downsizing. These countries need to pay particular attention to strategic protected area expansion and policies that prevent downsizing in parks with under‐represented habitats. Finally, we identify cases where downsizing events improve protected area metrics, such as India and Nigeria, highlighting the complexities and potential trade‐offs of protected area dynamics. A deeper understanding of the influence of protected area downsizing on conservation outcomes is urgently needed to ensure representative and adequate protected area networks.