bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaving on a jet plane? The effect of challenge–hindrance stressors, emotional resilience and cultural novelty on self-initiated expatriates' decision to exit China
Authors: Jannesari Milad T. , Sullivan Sherry E. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe number of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) is growing, yet we know relatively little about their work experiences, especially how they react to stress. The purpose of this study is to examine whether challenge and hindrance stressors influence SIEs' intent to remain as well as the possible influence of emotional resilience and cultural novelty upon these relationships.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 249 SIEs working in China.FindingsAs hypothesized, hindrance stressors were negatively related to the SIEs' intent to remain. Contrary to expectations, challenge stressors were not associated with intent to remain. Hindrance (challenge) stressors were negatively (positively) related to emotional resilience, and resilience mediated the relationship between stressors and intent to remain. Cultural novelty failed to moderate the relationship between emotional resilience and intent to remain and did not moderate the mediated effects of challenge stressors on intent to remain via emotional resilience. Cultural novelty did moderate the mediated effects of hindrance stressors on intent to remain via emotional resilience, but not in the hypothesized direction.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was cross-sectional. It examined SIEs working in China, and its findings may not be generalizable to SIEs working in other countries.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine how emotional resilience may mediate the relationship between stressors and SIEs' intent to remain and also considered the possible moderating effects of cultural novelty. In addition, unlike most studies that focus only on the negative outcomes of hindrance stressors, this study tested the possible positive effects of challenge stressors.
Psoriasis in the geriatric population: A retrospective study in Asians
Authors: Tseng I‐Lun , Yang Chao‐Chun , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Lee Chaw‐Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of data focusing on geriatric psoriatic patients. The clinical features were different among those with early‐onset psoriasis and elderly‐onset psoriasis among the geriatric population. From 2014 to 2018, a total of 290 geriatric psoriatic patients were retrospectively enrolled in our study. They were subclassified into two groups, early‐onset (aged <60 years, n = 154) and elderly‐onset (aged ≥60 years, n = 136). The characteristics and treatment course of these two groups were reviewed. Psoriasis of the elderly‐onset group was generally milder than the early‐onset groups (P < 0.05). Less nail involvement and arthritis were noted among the elderly‐onset group (P < 0.05). There were four cases of erythrodermic psoriasis in the early‐onset group and three cases of palmoplantar psoriasis in the elderly‐onset group. Oral medication and biologics for treatment of psoriasis appeared to be safe among the geriatric psoriatic patients. Elderly‐onset psoriasis has features which are distinct from early‐onset psoriasis and may be a particular subtype, which needs further evaluation.
Lead isotope ratios in moss for the assessment of transboundary pollutants in the Yatsugatake Mountains, central Japan
Authors: Oishi Yoshitaka , Shin Ki‐Cheol , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransboundary atmospheric pollutants emitted from mainland Asia are transported to Japan and pose a serious threat to mountain ecosystems. Pb isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) of the transboundary pollutants are generally higher than those that characterize domestic pollutants in Japan. Hence, this study examined the influence of transboundary pollutants on the Yatsugatake Mountains by detecting the higher Pb isotope ratios in moss. Based on this examination, we discussed the usefulness of Pb isotope ratios in moss for monitoring transboundary pollutants. As northwesterly–westerly winds transport these pollutants to Japan, we hypothesized that the Pb isotope ratios in moss would be higher on the western slopes of the mountains than on the eastern slopes. Furthermore, this difference would be more apparent at higher elevations because of the smaller influence of domestic Pb pollutants. Contrary to these hypotheses, all the Pb isotope ratios in moss were within the ranges of domestic Pb pollutants across the study area, indicating that the influence of transboundary Pb pollutants on moss was small. Notably, these responses of moss to transboundary Pb pollutants differ from those to transboundary nitrogen pollutants. These results imply that the sensitivity of moss to transboundary pollutants largely depends on pollutant types.
Using psychometric ability to improve education in ultrasound‐guided regional anaesthesia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chuan A. , Jeyaratnam B. , Iohom G. , Shorten G. , Lee P. , Miglani S. , Kwofie K. , Szerb J. , Niazi A. U. , Jin R. , Jen T. , McCartney C. J. , Ramlogan R. ,   the Education in Regional Anaesthesia Collaboration (ERAC) Group
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe learning curve for novices developing regional anaesthesia skills, such as real‐time ultrasound‐guided needle manipulation, may be affected by innate visuospatial ability, as this influences spatial cognition and motor co‐ordination. We conducted a multinational randomised controlled trial to test if novices with low visuospatial ability would perform better at an ultrasound‐guided needling task with deliberate practice training than with discovery learning. Visuospatial ability was evaluated using the mental rotations test‐A. We recruited 140 medical students and randomly allocated them into low‐ability control (discovery learning), low‐ability intervention (received deliberate practice), high‐ability control, and high‐ability intervention groups. Primary outcome was the time taken to complete the needling task, and there was no significant difference between groups: median (IQR [range]) low‐ability control 125 s (69–237 [43–600 s]); low‐ability intervention 163 s (116–276 [44–600 s]); high‐ability control 130 s (80–210 [41–384 s]); and high‐ability intervention 177 s (113–285 [43–547 s]), p = 0.06. No difference was found using the global rating scale: mean (95%CI) low‐ability control 53% (95%CI 46–60%); low‐ability intervention 61% (95%CI 53–68%); high‐ability control 63% (95%CI 56–70%); and high‐ability intervention 66% (95%CI 60–72%), p = 0.05. For overall procedure pass/fail, the low‐ability control group pass rate of 42% (14/33) was significantly less than the other three groups: low‐ability intervention 69% (25/36); high‐ability control 68% (25/37); and high‐ability intervention 85% (29/34) p = 0.003. Further research is required to determine the role of visuospatial ability screening in training for ultrasound‐guided needle skills.
Management of bile leak following blunt liver injury: a proposed guideline
Authors: Oo June , Smith Marty , Ban Ee Jun , Clements Warren , Tagkalidis Peter , Fitzgerald Mark , Pilgrim Charles H. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBile leak following blunt liver trauma is uncommon. Management is difficult due to complex vasculo‐biliary and liver parenchymal injury and lack of consensus on optimal care compared with bile leak following elective hepatectomy especially in regards to endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography (ERCP) timing and patient selection.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study from a level 1‐trauma centre of patients with bile leak following blunt liver injury between July 2010 and December 2019 identified from the trauma registry. Clinical data retrieved include patient demographics, injury severity score, liver injury grading and its associated complications and treatment. This was supplemented by surgical audit database and patients' electronic medical record.ResultsThere were 31 bile leaks amongst 639 patients with blunt liver trauma (4.9%). Bile leak was associated with higher liver injury grade (odds ratio (OR) 36, P = 0.001), hepatic embolization (OR 16, P = 0.003) and need for trauma laparotomy (OR 14, P = 0.024). ERCP was performed in 58.1% (n = 18). This was complicated in 27.7% (n = 5) by mild pancreatitis (n = 1) and intra‐abdominal sepsis (n = 4) requiring surgical drainage of abscess (n = 2) and liver resection (n = 1). Bile leak settled conservatively (including percutaneous drainage) without ERCP in the remaining patients (41.9%). Overall mortality was not increased in those with bile leak (P = 0.998).ConclusionBile leaks resolved conservatively in 41.9% of patients. Complications following ERCP were seen in 27.7%, frequently requiring intervention. Failure of conservative management was more likely in patients with hepatic embolization, in whom early ERCP remains appropriate. ERCP should otherwise be reserved for those who fail conservative management to minimize infective complications.
Retinal thickness changes over time in a AD mouse model (APPNL‐F/NL‐F) by SD‐OCT
Authors: Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , López‐Cuenca Inés , Sanchez‐Puebla Lidia , Fernández‐Albarral José A. , Lozano María Pilar Rojas , Ramirez Ana Isabel , Corral Juan José Salazar , Ramirez Jose Manuel , De Hoz Rosa 
Published: January 2021

PurposeAlzheimer' disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain pathology, characterized by a loss of neuron and their synapses. Similar changes have been found in the retina even before appeared in the brain. The retina has been postulated as an accessible biomarker of AD. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in retinal thickness over time in a mouse model of AD (APPNL‐F/NL‐F).MethodsRetinas of male APPNL‐F/NL‐F (n = 55) and WT (n = 39) animals were evaluated in vivo by SD‐OCT at 6, 9, 12, 15, 17 and 20 months old. The mean total retinal thickness was analysed following the ETDRS sectors. To analyse the RNFL, axonal ring scan around the optic nerve head was carried out. RNFL was measured in six sectors provided by the manufacturer. Only the left eyes were used to study.ResultsIn the APPNL‐F/NL‐F group compared to WT animals, the total retinal thickness showed a slight thinning up to the 15 months old, this being significant only at 6 months in the outer temporal ring. At 17 months, there was thickening in the total retinal thickness being significant in the inferior and nasal sectors, both in inner and outer rings. At 20 months, there was a significant thinning in superior and temporal retina, both in inner and outer rings. RNFL thickness showed similar changes, that being only significates, the thinning in the global analysis and in nasal and inner‐temporal sectors at 6 months old.ConclusionsIn the mouse model of AD (APPNL‐F/NL‐F), there is a thinning of the retinal thickness up to 15 months, followed by a thickening at 17 months and a subsequent thinning at 20 months in some retinal areas. These changes over time are similar to those observed in the human retina, with areas of thinning, possibly caused by neurodegeneration, followed by thickening, possibly caused by deposits and neuroinflammation; this experimental AD model could help for an extensive understanding of the different retinal changes during the AD progression.
Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification
Authors: Kontomichos Loukas , Parikakis Efstratios , Batsos Georgios , Chatzirallis Alexandros , Peponis Vasileios , Karagiannis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo present a case of bilateral idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification.MethodsAn 80‐year‐old female patient presented with gradual decrease of vision in both eyes for the past few months. Her previous medical history included hypertension and dyslipidemia. Her best‐corrected visual acuity was 3/10 in the right eye and 5/10 in the left eye. She had bilateral nuclear cataracts.ResultsFundus examination showed bilateral significantly elevated yellow lesions in the subretinal space along the inferonasal mid‐periphery in the right eye and superotemporal mid‐periphery in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography and OCT showed neither leakage nor subretinal fluid, respectively. Ultrasound b‐scan revealed highly reflective lesions with orbital shadowing. Full‐body CT scan was normal, so we excluded choroidal metastasis. In addition, blood investigations were all normal including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation, C‐reactive protein, liver function tests, thyroid function tests and electrolytes. Based on complete examination, the diagnosis was idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification.ConclusionsSclerochoroidal calcification is a rare clinical disease which has to be differentiated from choroidal metastasis. Patients have been unnecessarily investigated in the past and even treated for tumours. In such cases, it is important to exclude electrolytes abnormality, but prolonged investigations are unnecessary. Reports have been made of sclerochoroidal calcification associated with hyperparathyroidism, and hypomagnesaemia. We report a case of bilateral idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification.
A case of choroidal osteoma
Authors: Abdi Rhizlane , Charoba Siham , Maadan Asmae , Skhsoukh Rachid 
Published: January 2021

PurposeChoroidal osteoma is a benign ossifying tumor of unknown etiology, is characterized by a slightly irregular elevated yellow–white lesion that typically occurs in healthy females in their early twenties or thirties. Associated complications include choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal hemorrhage. To date, no associations have been reported with ocular or systemic diseases; however, some reports suggest links with Stargard's and polypoidal maculopathies.Methods17‐year‐old female was referred for complaints of blurring and decreased vision in the right eye who was diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with choroidal osteoma.ResultsWe report the case of a 17‐year‐old female who presented to the hospital with complaints of blurring and decreased vision and loss of part of temporal visual field in the right eye. The patient had no systemic disease or family history of retinal lesions. Her visual acuity was 20/125 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed a subretinal orange 4 × 3 disc diameter lesion with irregular distinct margins located in the superior retina with partial macular involvement. B‐scan indicated an echodense lesion sized 7.2 mm × 8.3 mm × 1.1 mm, with thick choroidal hemorrhage, strong shadowing, and subretinal calcification next to the optic disc. angiography showed dye leakage in the foveal region (CNV) and dye staining in an area of chronic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) decompensation overlying the lesion. OCT indicated hyperreflectivity and subretinal fluid. Unilateral choroidal osteoma with secondary CNV was confirmed. The patient received intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection every 2 months. OCT was performed at each visit, indicating subretinal fluid. After 6 months, the clinical examination indicated a dry macular that was confirmed with OCT. There was functional improvement and anti‐VEGF injection continued for a total of seven injections over a period of almost 14 months. At the last visit, FFA indicated a stable dry macula, no CNV. The lesion size and vision were stable. The patient remains under observation.ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up is necessary to resolve the fluids, possible development of CNV, and possible of bilateral occurrence.
Population genetic structure of the insular Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus
Authors: Chen Shiang‐Fan , Juan Chung‐Hao , Rossiter Stephen J. , Kinjo Teruo , Fukui Dai , Kawai Kuniko , Tsang Susan M. , Veluz Maria Josefa , Sakurai Hiroko , Lin Hua‐Ching , Jang‐Liaw Nian‐Hong , Osawa Keiko , Ko Wen‐Ya , Izawa Masako 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmall isolated populations are vulnerable to both stochastic events and the negative consequences of genetic drift. For threatened species, the genetic management of such populations has therefore become a crucial aspect of conservation. Flying foxes (Pteropus spp, Chiroptera) are keystone species with essential roles in pollination and seed dispersal in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Yet many flying fox species are also threatened, having experienced dramatic population declines driven by habitat loss and hunting. The insular Ryukyu flying fox (Pteropus dasymallus) ranges from the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan through Taiwan to the northern Philippines and has undergone precipitous population crashes on several islands in recent decades. To assess the population genetic structure and diversity in P. dasymallus, and its likely causes, we analyzed mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Both markers showed significant genetic differentiation among most island populations, with mitochondrial haplotypes showing some mixing across the regions, likely reflecting historical colonization and/or dispersal events. In contrast, microsatellite markers showed an overall pattern of isolation by distance; however, this pattern appeared to be driven by the presence of deep ocean trenches between geographically distant populations. Thus, the current distribution of P. dasymallus and its subspecific diversity appear to have arisen through vicariance coupled with a long history of restricted gene flow across oceanic barriers. We conclude that isolated island subgroups should be managed separately, with efforts directed at reducing further declines in genetic diversity.
The pen, the receiver and the pump: Exploring young children's experiences of having a parent with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hansen Julie Elisabeth Dahl , Ersfjord Ellen Margrete Iveland 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, we explore young children's experiences of having a parent with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In our research we found that the children's knowledge about T1D was not age related, and that some had more in‐depth knowledge than others. This seemed related to how and what the parents taught them about diabetes, the individual child's curiosity and interest, and the parent's history with fluctuating blood sugar levels. Several children were affected by their parents' diabetes in their daily life. Our research contributes to knowledge about how children's lives can be affected by having a parent with chronic illness.
Seasonal and landscape effects on the biotic resistance of forest communities to experimental insect introductions
Authors: Van Hezewijk Brian H. , van Akker Lara , Waring Vincent R.A. 
Published: January 2021

Natural enemies play an important role in the regulation of many forest insect populations. The hypothesis that these organisms also reduce invasion potential is one element of a concept known as biotic resistance. While many studies have shown that the abundances of natural enemies are affected by landscape structure and diversity, seasonality, and host tree species, this study tests the hypothesis that these factors affect the biotic resistance of forest communities to invasion by a non‐native tussock moth.
At 20 sites on Vancouver Island, Canada, spanning a range of natural to urban forests, small populations of the rusty tussock moth, Orgyia antiqua, an exotic polyphagous tussock moth, were introduced. Introductions were repeated at three different periods in the year, on coniferous and deciduous host trees, and included both late‐instar larvae and pupae. The survival of these small populations was monitored in relation to four landscape variables measured around each site.
Spring introductions had significantly lower mortality rates than either early or mid‐summer introductions. There was little difference in predation rates between coniferous and deciduous host trees. The amount and type of forest cover in the landscape had important, but seasonally dependent, effects on survival that likely reflect changes in the habitat requirements of a shifting community of generalist predators.
Based on the results, this study concludes that landscapes with intermediate forest cover are the least resistant to invasion by early feeding species such as the rusty tussock moth.
Combination of myeloproliferative neoplasm driver gene activation with mutations of splice factor or epigenetic modifier genes increases risk of rapid blastic progression
Authors: Bartels Stephan , Vogtmann Julia , Schipper Elisa , Büsche Guntram , Schlue Jerome , Lehmann Ulrich , Kreipe Hans 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) comprising polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) follow a bi‐phasic course of disease with fibrotic and/or blastic progression. At presentation in the chronic phase, currently there are only insufficient tools to predict the risk of progression in individual cases.MethodsIn this study, chronic phase MPN (16 PMF, 11 PV, and 11 MPN unclassified) with blastic transformation during course of disease (n = 38, median follow‐up 5.3 years) were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. MPN cases with a comparable follow‐up period and without evidence of blast increase served as control (n = 63, median follow‐up 5.8 years).ResultsFrequent ARCH/CHIP‐associated mutations (TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A) found at presentation were not significantly associated with blastic transformation. By contrast, mutations of SRSF2, U2AF1, and IDH1/2 at first presentation were frequently observed in the progression cohort (13/38, 34.2%) and were completely missing in the control group without blast transformation during follow‐up (P = .0007 for SRSF2; P = .0063 for U2AF1 and IDH1/2).ConclusionUnlike frequent ARCH/CHIP alterations (TET2, ASXL1, DNMT3A), mutations in SRSF2, IDH1/2, and U2AF1 when manifest already at first presentation provide an independent risk factor for rapid blast transformation of MPN.
Optimal reinsurance and portfolio selection: Comparison between partial and complete information models
Authors: Jang Bong‐Gyu , Kim Kyeong Tae , Lee Hyun‐Tak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider partial and complete information models to investigate how partial information has a unique quality over complete information for insurers. We find that optimal reinsurance and investment strategies for the partially informed insurer depend on prior beliefs, whereas those for the completely informed insurer do not. In addition, information quality can affect insurer behaviour, mainly through the relative difference between risk‐adjusted market premium and risk‐adjusted insurance premium projected on the financial markets. Numerical results indicate that partial information increases the conservativeness of insurer strategies.