bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist-Physician Interprofessional Collaboration to Promote Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment: Increasing Diagnosis Rate
Authors: Ramos Hernán , Pardo Juan , Sánchez Rafael , Puchades Esteve , Pérez-Tur Jordi , Navarro Andrés , Moreno Lucrecia 
Published: April 2021

The increased pressure on primary care makes it important for other health care providers, such as community pharmacists, to collaborate with general practitioners in activities related to chronic disease care. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to develop a protocol of action that allows close pharmacist-physician collaboration to carry out a coordinated action for very early detection of cognitive impairment (CI).Methods: A comparative study to promote early detection of CI was conducted in 19 community pharmacies divided into two groups: one group with interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and one group without interprofessional collaboration (NonIPC). IPC was defined as an interactive procedure involving all pharmacists, general practitioners and neurologists. A total of 281 subjects with subjective memory complaints were recruited. Three tests were used in the community pharmacies to detect possible CI: Memory Impairment Screening, Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, and Semantic Verbal Fluency. Individuals with at least one positive cognitive test compatible with CI, were referred to primary care, and when appropriate, to the neurology service. Finally, we evaluated the differences in clinical and diagnostic follow-up in both groups after six months.Results: The NonIPC study group included 38 subjects compatible with CI referred to primary care (27.54%). Ten were further referred to a neurology department (7.25%) and four of them (2.90%) obtained a confirmed clinical diagnosis of CI. In contrast, in the IPC group, 46 subjects (32.17%) showed results compatible with CI and were referred to primary care. Of these, 21 (14.68%) were subsequently referred to a neurology service, while the remaining 25 were followed up by primary care. Nineteen individuals out of those referred to a neurology service obtained a confirmed clinical diagnosis of CI (13.29%). The percentage of subjects in the NonIPC group referred to neurology and the percentage of subjects diagnosed with CI, was significantly lower in comparison to the IPC group (p-value = 0.0233; p-value = 0.0007, respectively).Conclusions: The creation of IPC teams involving community pharmacists, general practitioners, and neurologists allow for increased detection of patients with CI or undiagnosed dementia and facilitates their clinical follow-up. This opens the possibility of diagnosis in patients in the very early stages of dementia, which can have positive implications to improve the prognosis and delay the evolution of the disease.
Radiation Increases Bioavailability of Lisinopril, a Mitigator of Radiation-Induced Toxicities
Authors: Medhora Meetha , Phadnis Preeya , Narayanan Jayashree , Gasperetti Tracy , Zielonka Jacek , Moulder John E. , Fish Brian L. , Szabo Aniko 
Published: April 2021

There are no FDA-approved drugs to mitigate the delayed effects of radiation exposure that may occur after a radiological attack or nuclear accident. To date, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are one of the most successful candidates for mitigation of hematopoietic, lung, kidney, and brain injuries in rodent models and may mitigate delayed radiation injuries after radiotherapy. Rat models of partial body irradiation sparing part of one hind leg (leg-out PBI) have been developed to simultaneously expose multiple organs to high doses of ionizing radiation and avoid lethal hematological toxicity to study the late effects of radiation. Exposures between 9 and 14 Gy damage the gut and bone marrow (acute radiation syndrome), followed by delayed injuries to the lung, heart, and kidney. The goal of the current study is to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a lead angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lisinopril, in irradiated vs. nonirradiated rats, as a step toward licensure by the FDA.Methods: Female WAG/RijCmcr rats were irradiated with 12.5–13 Gy leg-out PBI. At day 35 after irradiation, during a latent period for injury, irradiated and nonirradiated siblings received a single gavage (0.3 mg, 0.6 mg) or intravenous injection (0.06 mg) of lisinopril. Plasma, urine, lung, liver and kidney levels of lisinopril were measured at different times. PK modeling (R package) was performed to track distribution of lisinopril in different compartments.Results: A two-compartment (central plasma and periphery) PK model best fit lisinopril measurements, with two additional components, the gavage and urine. The absorption and renal clearance rates were similar between nonirradiated and irradiated animals (respectively: ratios 0.883, p = 0.527; 0.943, p = 0.605). Inter-compartmental clearance (from plasma to periphery) for the irradiated rats was lower than for the nonirradiated rats (ratio 0.615, p = 0.003), while the bioavailability of the drug was 33% higher (ratio = 1.326, p &lt; 0.001).Interpretation: Since receptors for lisinopril are present in endothelial cells lining blood vessels, and radiation induces vascular regression, it is possible that less lisinopril remains bound in irradiated rats, increasing circulating levels of the drug. However, this study cannot rule out changes in total amount of lisinopril absorbed or excreted long-term, after irradiation in rats.
Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role
Authors: Behairy Amany , Mohamed Wafaa A. M. , Ebraheim Lamiaa L. M. , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , El-Sharkawy Nabela I. , Saber Taghred M. , El Deib Maha M. 
Published: April 2021

Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.
Capsaicin protects cardiomyocytes against lipopolysaccharide-induced damage via 14-3-3γ-mediated autophagy augmentation
Authors: Qiao Yang , Wang Liang , Hu Tianhong , Yin Dong , He Huan , He Ming 
Published: April 2021

Background: The myocardium is susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in sepsis, and cardiac dysfunction is a leading cause of mortality in patients with sepsis. The changes in cardiomyocyte autophagy in sepsis and the effects and mechanism of action of capsaicin (Cap) remain unclear.Methods and Results: The potential pathway of 14-3-3γ-dependent autophagy and the effects and mechanisms of Cap were studied in LPS-induced injury to primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The results showed that cardiomyocyte viability decreased, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities increased, 14-3-3γ expression was downregulated, and autophagy was inhibited after LPS challenge. Cap pretreatment augmented autophagy by upregulating 14-3-3γ expression and activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1), suppressing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), alleviating cardiac dysfunction and improving the inflammation response, whereas pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA nullified the above effects. Cap pretreatment also decreased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10; suppressed intracellular oxidative stress; reduced the intracellular/mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS); balanced GSH/GSSG; increased GSH-Px, catalase, and SOD activities; and decreased MDA contents. It also increased ATP content, activated complex Ⅰ and complex Ⅲ, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, thereby improving mitochondrial function.Conclusion: Pretreatment with Cap can regulate autophagy by upregulating 14-3-3γ expression, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial function, and protecting cardiomyocytes against LPS-induced injury.
Predicting Adverse Drug Events in Chinese Pediatric Inpatients With the Associated Risk Factors: A Machine Learning Study
Authors: Yu Ze , Ji Huanhuan , Xiao Jianwen , Wei Ping , Song Lin , Tang Tingting , Hao Xin , Zhang Jinyuan , Qi Qiaona , Zhou Yuchen , Gao Fei , Jia Yuntao 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to apply machine learning methods to deeply explore the risk factors associated with adverse drug events (ADEs) and predict the occurrence of ADEs in Chinese pediatric inpatients. Data of 1,746 patients aged between 28 days and 18 years (mean age = 3.84 years) were included in the study from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. There were 247 cases of ADE occurrence, of which the most common drugs inducing ADEs were antibacterials. Seven algorithms, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CatBoost, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and TPOT, were used to select the important risk factors, and GBDT was chosen to establish the prediction model with the best predicting abilities (precision = 44%, recall = 25%, F1 = 31.88%). The GBDT model has better performance than Global Trigger Tools (GTTs) for ADE prediction (precision 44 vs. 13.3%). In addition, multiple risk factors were identified via GBDT, such as the number of trigger true (TT) (+), number of doses, BMI, number of drugs, number of admission, height, length of hospital stay, weight, age, and number of diagnoses. The influencing directions of the risk factors on ADEs were displayed through Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). This study provides a novel method to accurately predict adverse drug events in Chinese pediatric inpatients with the associated risk factors, which may be applicable in clinical practice in the future.
SH-1028, An Irreversible Third-Generation EGFR TKI, Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Han Luwei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xian , Zhao Liwen , Fu Wei , Liang Xiaobo , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Yong 
Published: April 2021

SH-1028 is an irreversible third-generation EGFR TKI. Both SH-1028 and osimertinib have a pyrimidine structure (a typical mutant-selective EGFR TKI structure). Compared with osimertinib, SH-1028 is modified on the indole ring, thus resulting in a more stable 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-pyrrolo [1, 2-a] indol structure. In this study, we explored the anti-tumor effect of SH-1028 in vitro and in vivo, the inhibition of cell signal, such as EGFR and ERK phosphorylation, and verified the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic responses. Firstly, SH-1028 selectively inhibited EGFR sensitive and resistant mutations, with up to 198-fold more effective compared with wild-type EGFR cells. Then, in mouse xenograft models, oral administration of SH-1028 at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg significantly inhibited proliferation of tumor cells with EGFR sensitive mutation (exon 19 del) and resistant mutation (T790 M) for consecutive 14 days, with no TKI-induced weight loss. Moreover, SH-1028 exhibited good bioavailability, and was distributed extensively from the plasma to the tissues. The main metabolite of SH-1028, Imp3, was tested and showed no wild-type EGFR inhibition or off-target effects. In conclusion, SH-1028 is a new third-generation EGFR inhibitor that exhibits potent activity against EGFR sensitive and resistant (T790 M) mutations.
Constructing Customized Multimodal Phantoms Through 3D Printing: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Qiu Jianfeng , Hou Kun , Dyer Brandon A. , Chen Jyh-Cheng , Shi Liting , Sun Yong , Xu Longchun , Zhao Huihui , Li Zhengmei , Chen Tiao , Li Minghui , Zhang Fuquan , Zhang Haozhao , Rong Yi 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To develop a method for constructing customizable, multimodal quality control (QC) imaging phantoms based on 3D printing technology.Materials and Methods: Four phantoms were designed and constructed through 3D printing technology using three unique printing materials. Physical parameters of the 3D printed materials were evaluated, including density, shore hardness, porosity, deformation temperature, computed tomography (CT) number, absorption coefficient, and printing accuracy. Imaging performance of the phantoms was studied using MRI, CT, PET/MR, and PET/CT, and compared with conventional/commercial phantoms. Imaging assessments included high contrast resolution, low contrast resolution, uniformity, deformation, SNR, slice accuracy/slice thickness, location accuracy/laser alignment, CT number, relaxation time, and registration.Results: All three printing materials have a shore hardness of 90. The physical densities of these materials are 1.15 g/cm3, 0.76 g/cm3, and 1.27 g/cm3, respectively. The porosities are 9.09, 6.81, and 18.56%, respectively. The threshold temperature of deformation for the three materials is &gt;105°C, which is higher than that of PMMA and silica gel. Imaging scans of the constructed phantoms for single modality scanners (MRI and CT) and dual-modality scanners (PET/MRI and PET/CT) were compared with those of the commercial phantoms. The standard deviation of the HU value uniformity test was &lt;3 HU for CT scans.Conclusion: 3D printed medical imaging phantoms allow for rapid, customized phantom fabrication for clinical situations across single and dual modality imaging platforms. Further imaging parameter analysis is underway to provide more quantitative evaluation of the proposed phantoms.
Relationships Between Anxiety Symptoms, Hopelessness and Suicidal Ideation Among Parental Caregivers of Mandarin-Speaking Children With Speech Impairment: The Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Ma Si-Wei , Lai Sha , Yang Yan-Yan , Zhou Zhongliang , Yang Bin-Ting , Zheng Gu-Zheng-Yue , Gao Jianmin , Lu Li 
Published: April 2021

Background:Determining the mental health status of parents who chronically care for a child with speech impairment is important for developing appropriate interventions to improve both parents' and children's health and achieve a win-win situation. Unfortunately, no study in China has explored this issue. This study investigated the differences in four aspects of mental health between maternal and paternal caregivers for the Mandarin-speaking children with speech impairment and determine whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationships between anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation, hopelessness and suicidal ideation.Methods:This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2020 by sending a link to the predesigned electronic questionnaire in WeChat. Standardized assessment tools were employed. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine the associations between various factors and suicidal ideation, and two separate structural equation models were performed to evaluate the mediating effects of depressive symptoms in the relationship between anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation as well as between hopelessness and suicidal ideation.Results:This study included 446 parental caregivers of Mandarin-speaking children with speech impairment. Paternal caregivers had greater score than maternal caregivers on loss of motivation (one of the subdomains of hopelessness). Somatic complications of the child (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.09–6.67) and depressive symptoms (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.83–6.30) were positively associated with caregivers' suicidal ideation. Having speech therapy of child (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29–0.98) was negatively correlated with caregivers' suicidal ideation. There was direct effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation. Depressive symptoms play mediating roles on the relationships between anxiety symptoms (β = 0.171,p&lt; 0.001) as well as between hopelessness and suicidal ideation (β = 0.187,p&lt; 0.001).Conclusions:Paternal and maternal caregivers of Mandarin-speaking children with speech impairment suffered from mental health problems. Preventive strategies and interventions to ameliorate parental psychological well-being, and health care policies to increase the accessibility to speech therapy care of children with speech impairment are imperative.
An Exploratory Qualitative Study With Older Malaysian Stroke Survivors, Caregivers, and Healthcare Practitioners About Falls and Rehabilitation for Falls After Stroke
Authors: Ahmad Ainuddin Husna , Romli Muhammad Hibatullah , Hamid Tengku Aizan , SF Salim Mazatulfazura , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: April 2021

Background: Studies on rehabilitation for falls after a stroke remain limited despite its impact being profound. This scenario justifies a deeper understanding of why falls in stroke rehabilitation received less attention. Current investigations on the perception of falls and stroke also proved inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of older Malaysian stroke survivors, spousal caregivers, and healthcare practitioners on falls in stroke rehabilitation.Method: A qualitative study of three focus groups with 18 individuals from one community-based stroke rehabilitation center was conducted. The discussions were audio-recorded, video-recorded, transcribed, summarized, and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis: (i) perceived factors and consequences of falls after stroke, (ii) physical-based interventions predominate in rehabilitation for falls after stroke, and (iii) the role of home hazards in fall prevention is taken for granted. Although, awareness of falls is high, they are regarded as a peripheral issue in stroke. Rehabilitation interventions such as improved functionality are believed to be adequate and can indirectly prevent falls. Other interventions for fall prevention such as home hazards management are relatively less known.Conclusion: There is a need for more attention regarding home environment risk assessment and intervention among healthcare professionals, and more education for clients and caregivers is required. Although, other stroke interventions may also benefit stroke survivors, falls prevention should be a central component in stroke rehabilitation. As this study focused on a specific population, the findings should be validated with larger populations, and in diverse settings.
“Entonces, Victoria, plante su cruz ahora, la cruz de los suyos"
Authors: González María Soledad 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo se propone abordar a Victoria Ocampo como gestora artística y cultural antes de Sur. Para esto, recurriremos al abordaje de algunos pasajes de sus Testimonios y al cuarto volumen de su Autobiografía titulado “Viraje”, para comprender su labor antes de su consagración a partir de los treinta. Como hipótesis expresamos que Ocampo inicia su recorrido como gestora artística y cultural en los veinte en el marco del gobierno de Marcelo T. de Alvear y que dicho posicionamiento escasamente abordado por la crítica permite leerla en el trayecto inicial a partir de los nexos entre cultura, arte y política, y a partir de la legitimación que la misma buscaba lograr a partir de ese entrelazamiento. Buscaremos por medio del recurso a lo comparativo interpretarla en dos escenarios que permiten explicar su agencia, el de la hospitalidad y de lo institucional.
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Secara In Vitro
Authors: Marbun Romauli Anna Teresia 
Published: April 2021

(Article History: Received 5 October 2020; Revised 8 October 2020; Accepted 15 October 2020) ABSTRAKJamur Candida albicans merupakan jamur penyebab kandidiasis dan penyebab sariawan, lesi pada kulit, vulvavaginistis, candida pada urin (kandiduria), dan gastrointestinal kandidiasis. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat yaitu pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) dan bagian yang biasanya digunakan adalah bagian daun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun pirdot terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true experiment dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group. Metode yang digunakan adalah difusi agar menggunakan teknik kirby bauer. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun pirdot, yaitu 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%, kontrol positif (tablet ketokonazol), dan kontrol negatif (Dimethyl Sulfoxide). Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan statistika secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat mulai dari konsentrasi 10% sebesar 8,96 mm daya hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 80% sebesar 18,33 mm. Kesimpulan ekstrak daun pirdot memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap C. albicans.Kata kunci: Antijamur; Candida albicans; Metode Difusi; Saurauia vulcani Korth. ABSTRACTCandida albicans is fungus that causes candidiasis and causes thrush, skin lesions, vulvavaginism, candidiuria and gastrointestinal candidiasis. One type of plant that has medicinal properties is pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) and the part that is usually used is the leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of pirdot leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans in vitro. This study was a true experiment with a post-test only control group research design. The method used agar diffusion using Kirby Bauer technique. This study used 4 variations concentration namely 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, positive control (ketoconazole tablets), and negative control (Dimethyl Sulfoxide). The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the inhibitory from a concentration of 10% of 8.96 mm, the highest inhibition was at 80% of 18.33 mm. In conclusion, pirdot leaf extract has antifungal activity against C. albicans.Keywords: Antifungal; Candida albicans; Diffusison Method; Saurauia vulcani Korth