bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of biopreservatives in meat preservation: a review
Authors: Ren Baojing , Wu Wei , Soladoye Olugbenga P. , Bak Kathrine H. , Fu Yu , Zhang Yuhao 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAs a highly perishable food, raw meat, if not preserved, will spoil due to the altered metabolism, microbial activity and external factors during storage. Biopreservatives, as a new type of preservatives, are characterised by nontoxicity, extensive source and good application prospects in the raw meat. This review discusses the factors responsible for the spoilage of raw meat, recaps the spoilage bacteria in the raw meat and summarises the major antibacterial mechanism of various biopreservatives. Moreover, application of various biopreservatives in the preservation of raw meat is emphatically reviewed. In addition, some existing challenges for application of biopreservatives and their prospective development are also discussed. The present work provides a theoretical reference for application of various biopreservatives in different types of raw meat for shelf life extension.
Advances in the in vitro digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides
Authors: Guo Yuxi , Chen Xuefeng , Gong Pin , Chen Fuxin , Cui Dandan , Wang Mengrao 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn vitro digestion models are widely used to study the structural changes, digestion and release of food components under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. As compared to the in vivo digestion tests, the in vitro digestion reflects the digestion and utilisation of food after ingestion and has the advantages of being time consuming, inexpensive, reproducible and free from moral and ethical restrictions. This study reviewed the current research studies on the in vitro simulated digestion of polysaccharides conducted in the last 5 years and focused on the oral, gastric and intestinal digestion models, with the aim of providing a basis for the further testing of changes in the content, structure and active ingredients of polysaccharides before and after digestion.
Comparison of apple firmness prediction models based on non‐destructive acoustic signal
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Qianwen , Huang Jialing , Zhang Xinru , Zhu Yingheng , Zhang Saimin , Liu Huimin , Gao Lin , Chen Mengling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aimed to explore the non‐destructive detection of apple firmness based on portable acoustic signals for consumers. The acoustic eigenvalues processed by Time‐domain, Fourier Transform (FT), and Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) are used to analyse the correlations with apple firmness. The apple firmness prediction models are established through Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results proved that the acoustic eigenvalues of wave index form and total energy of 8–9 kHz correlated with apple firmness (P < 0.05), the significant acoustic eigenvalues of sound intensity, amplitude difference, max frame energy, maximum power spectral density, power spectral density characteristics and total energy of 0–1 kHz significantly correlated with apple firmness (P < 0.01). The average relative error of ANN model was significantly lower than that of MLR model (P < 0.05). Compared with Time‐FT, the acoustic eigenvalues processed by a combination of Time‐FT‐HHT possessed a superior effect on the prediction model established by ANN of apple firmness.
Correlation between the rheological and technological properties of biscuits with different levels of replacement of wheat flour by rice and azuki bean flour
Authors: Silva Daisy Jacqueline Sousa , Hashimoto Jorge Minoru , Nabeshima Elizabeth Harumi , Salgado Rafaela Teixeira , Freitas Thaise Kessiane Teixeira , Damasceno e Silva Kaesel Jackson 
Published: August 2021

SummaryA mixture design was used to evaluate the effect of replacing (0 to 100%) wheat flour (WF) with wholegrain azuki bean (WABF) and rice (RF) flours on the biscuits quality. High proportions of WABF increased diameter and decreased thickness, whereas WF affected inversely and RF intermediate. The WF biscuit specific volume was 17% greater than that of the dough, and the WABF and RF biscuits were 5 and 13% smaller, respectively. The WABF biscuit hardness was 26.25 N, close to WF (28.14 N), and higher than RF (7.6 N). The WABF increased the colour difference (ΔE) values for biscuits by up to 22.19 and the RF by 1.87. Peak viscosity, breakdown and setback of mixture flours showed positive correlations with the dough hardness and L*, a*, b* and Aw of biscuits and negatively with the radial expansion index and ΔE. The highest global desirability was for biscuits without WF, regardless of crust colour.
Use of FT‐NIR and XPS techniques to distinguish cell hull fractions prepared by autolysis or HPH from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains
Authors: Bakhos Elena , Skaff Wadih , Esvan Jerome , Monnier Alexandre , Sieczkowski Nathalie , Lteif Roger , Brandam Cedric , Salameh Dominique 
Published: August 2021

SummaryYeast hulls can be used to adsorb undesirable compounds such as volatile phenols that may be present in wine. To understand this adsorption process, the properties of the cell walls and their chemical composition need to be better understood. A study was conducted using four different yeast fractions of either autolysed or high‐pressure homogeniser (HPH)‐crushed yeast biomasses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐NIR) coupled with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used and analysed by principal component analysis (PCA). The FT‐NIR spectral region of Saccharomyces and Brettanomyces statistically analysed by PCA showed a clear discrimination accounting for 76% of the variation in the data for PC1; moreover, yeast hulls prepared from the same strain and subjected to two different treatments were also separated. These methods classify yeast cell hulls (YCH) according to strain, composition and treatment applied. Our results indicate that yeast hulls obtained by autolysis are less rich in proteins than those resulting from HPH treatment due to the high pressure that releases more proteins and exposes them on the surface of the cell wall. The composition of YCH at the extreme surface is similar to that found deeper in the wall.
Sustainable nurse‐led care for people with dementia including mild cognitive impairment and their family in an ambulatory care setting: A scoping review
Authors: Yamakawa Miyae , Kanamori Takuya , Fukahori Hiroki , Sakai Ikuko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThis review aimed to determine the characteristics of a nurse‐led intervention for people with dementia including mild cognitive impairment and their family in an ambulatory care setting.BackgroundEnhancing the role of nurses in a multidisciplinary team of ambulatory care follow‐up after a diagnosis of dementia is thought to lead to successful dementia care.DesignThis is a scoping review.Data SourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, JBI, Japan Medical Abstracts Society, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched on 14 March 2019.Review MethodsThis scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, followed the PRISMA‐ScR checklist and considered studies that included interventions conducted by nurses and included outcomes regarding dementia symptoms or family care burden.ResultsEleven studies were included. Of these, all interventions were multifactorial and reported effective results. Educational interventions were most common, and the content of education included the characteristics of dementia and how to interact with patients with dementia. The roles of nurses included caregiver education, assessment, care plan creation for continuous monitoring and team building.ConclusionThis scoping review suggested that effective nurse‐led interventions in the ambulatory care of people with dementia are continuous patient and family supports, primarily caregiver education within multidisciplinary teams.
Memory CD8+ T cells exhibit tissue imprinting and non‐stable exposure‐dependent reactivation characteristics following blood‐stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA infections
Authors: Shaw Tovah N. , Haley Michael J. , Dookie Rebecca S. , Godfrey Jenna J. , Cheeseman Antonn J. , Strangward Patrick , Zeef Leo A. H. , Villegas‐Mendez Ana , Couper Kevin N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExperimental cerebral malaria (ECM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice, characterized by CD8+ T‐cell accumulation within the brain. Whilst the dynamics of CD8+ T‐cell activation and migration during extant primary PbA infection have been extensively researched, the fate of the parasite‐specific CD8+ T cells upon resolution of ECM is not understood. In this study, we show that memory OT‐I cells persist systemically within the spleen, lung and brain following recovery from ECM after primary PbA‐OVA infection. Whereas memory OT‐I cells within the spleen and lung exhibited canonical central memory (Tcm) and effector memory (Tem) phenotypes, respectively, memory OT‐I cells within the brain post‐PbA‐OVA infection displayed an enriched CD69+CD103− profile and expressed low levels of T‐bet. OT‐I cells within the brain were excluded from short‐term intravascular antibody labelling but were targeted effectively by longer‐term systemically administered antibodies. Thus, the memory OT‐I cells were extravascular within the brain post‐ECM but were potentially not resident memory cells. Importantly, whilst memory OT‐I cells exhibited strong reactivation during secondary PbA‐OVA infection, preventing activation of new primary effector T cells, they had dampened reactivation during a fourth PbA‐OVA infection. Overall, our results demonstrate that memory CD8+ T cells are systemically distributed but exhibit a unique phenotype within the brain post‐ECM, and that their reactivation characteristics are shaped by infection history. Our results raise important questions regarding the role of distinct memory CD8+ T‐cell populations within the brain and other tissues during repeat Plasmodium infections.
How RNA modifications regulate the antiviral response
Authors: Thompson Matthew G. , Sacco Matthew T. , Horner Stacy M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInduction of the antiviral innate immune response is highly regulated at the RNA level, particularly by RNA modifications. Recent discoveries have revealed how RNA modifications play key roles in cellular surveillance of nucleic acids and in controlling gene expression in response to viral infection. These modifications have emerged as being essential for a functional antiviral response and maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will highlight these and other discoveries that describe how the antiviral response is controlled by modifications to both viral and cellular RNA, focusing on how mRNA cap modifications, N6‐methyladenosine, and RNA editing all contribute to coordinating an efficient response that properly controls viral infection.
Equity analysts' recommendation revisions and corporate bond price reactions
Authors: Wei Xiaoting , Do Viet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes bond price reactions to examine the information spillover from equity analysts' recommendation revisions into the bond market. We document a positive relation between bond price reactions and recommendation revisions. On average, bond prices react positively to recommendation upgrades and negatively to recommendation downgrades. The strongest reactions are observed among speculative‐grade bonds. While, on average, bond price movements are in the same direction as analysts' recommendation revisions, these revisions can also lead to bond price reactions in the opposite direction to share price reactions. We find evidence of negative bond return reactions relative to share price reactions among firms that are closer to distress, especially when they have high levels of institutional ownership or discretionary accruals. The negative relative price reaction between shares and bonds indicates that equity analyst recommendations sometimes carry security‐specific information.
Deformation‐resistant Ta0.2Hf0.8C solid‐solution ceramic with superior flexural strength at 2000°C
Authors: Demirskyi Dmytro , Borodianska Hanna , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Suzuki Tohru S. , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Vasylkiv Oleg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we explored the consolidation, solid‐solution formation and high‐temperature properties of tantalum hafnium carbide with the 1 TaC:4 HfC ratio, that is, Ta0.2Hf0.8C. Tantalum hafnium carbide bulks can be consolidated using spark‐plasma sintering only at temperatures exceeding 2200°C. The bulks prepared using a 40‐min dwell at 2200°C had the lattice parameter a = 4.571(9) Å. Based on the three‐point flexural tests, it was observed that the toughness and strength of Ta0.2Hf0.8C remained high at 2000°C (3.4 ± 0.4 MPa m1/2, 500 ± 20 MPa). At 2000°C, majority of carbides show a plastic behavior, but the strain‐stress curves of the SPSed Ta0.2Hf0.8C ceramic were linear. Using the shrinkage rate data during the SPS and the strain‐stress data from the high‐temperature flexure, we estimated the activation energies for the densification and flexure as 820 ± 20 kJ/mol and 1180 ± 120 kJ/mol, respectively.
Ultrasensitive self‐powered UV PDs via depolarization and heterojunction fields jointly enhanced carriers separation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Jian , Zhang Qingfeng , Lu Yinmei , Huang Haitao , He Yunbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn current semiconductor‐based self‐powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs), because the built‐in electric field only exits in the space‐charge region of p‐n junction or Schottky junction interfaces, the photo‐generated carriers can't be efficiently separated and thus the photoelectric response is low. To solve this issue, in this work, we design and fabricate new‐type Pb,La(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectrics/TiO2 semiconductors heterojunction self‐powered UV photodetectors. The results indicate that by introducing Pb,La(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectric layers, the photocurrent of the PDs is greatly improved and at a negative poling electric voltage, the device exhibits excellent self‐powered UV photoelectric properties with a large responsivity of 21 mA/W, high specific detectivity of 2.4 × 1011 Jones, and fast response speed (rise time of 2.4 ms, decay time of 3.2 ms). These values are far superior to those of all recently reported self‐powered UV PDs and their huge improvement is primarily because the depolarization field caused by the high remnant polarization of Pb,La(Zr,Ti)O3 and the built‐in electric field resulting from the heterojunction interfaces of the Pb,La(Zr,Ti)O3 and the TiO2 thin films jointly enhance the separation efficiency of photo‐generated electrons and holes. Besides, the heterojunction PDs also show good weak UV light detection ability. This work opens new avenue for designing and fabricating next‐generation self‐powered UV PDs by a simple, low‐cost, and easy to mass‐produce way.
How do older patients with chronic conditions view reading open visit notes?
Authors: DesRoches Catherine M. , Salmi Liz , Dong Zhiyong , Blease Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe examine the experiences with and perceptions of the effect of reading clinical outpatient visit notes on patients with multiple chronic conditions at three healthcare organizations with significant experience sharing clinical notes with patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted via patient portals at three diverse healthcare organizations in the United States: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA), UW Medical Center (Seattle, WA), and Geisinger Health System (Danville, PA). Participants were aged 65 and older patient portal users who read at least one clinical note over the 12 months before the survey. We examined the effect of note reading on patient engagement and managing medications.ResultsThe majority of respondents had read two or more clinical notes in the 12 months before the survey. Patients with more than two chronic conditions were more likely than those with fewer or none to report that reading their notes helped them remember their care plan, take their medications as prescribed, and understand and feel more in control of their medications. Very few patients reported feeling worried or confused about their health or medications due to reading their notes.ConclusionsOlder patients with chronic conditions are particularly vulnerable to misremembering and mismanaging their care and medication plans. Findings from this study suggest that these patients and their care partners could receive important benefits from accessing their notes. Healthcare organizations should work to maximize patient's engagement with their health information both through the patient portal and through other methods to ensure that patients and the healthcare systems reap the full benefit of the increased transparency of medical records.
MEC17‐induced α‐tubulin acetylation restores mitochondrial transport function and alleviates axonal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Xuezhu , Feng Zhizhong , Cai Xianfeng , Zhu Xiaoming , Cao Ming , Yang Likun , Chen Yujie , Wang Yuhai , Feng Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInjury to long axonal projections is a central pathological feature at the early phase of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been reported to contribute to persistent functional disability following ICH. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive axonal degeneration remain unclear. Autologous blood was injected into the striatum to mimic the pathology of ICH. Observed significant swollen axons with characteristic retraction bulbs were found around the striatal hematoma at 24 h after ICH. Electronic microscopic examination revealed highly disorganized microtubule and swollen mitochondria in the retraction bulbs. MEC17 is a specific α‐tubulin acetyltransferase, ablation of acetylated α‐tubulin in MEC17−/− mice aggravated axonal injury, axonal transport mitochondria dysfunction, and motor dysfunction. In contrast, treatment with tubastatin A (TubA), which promotes microtubule acetylation, significantly alleviated axonal injury and protected the integrity of the corticospinal tract and fine motor function after ICH. Moreover, results showed that 41% mitochondria were preferentially bundled to the acetylated α‐tubulin in identifiable axons and dendrites in primary neurons. This impaired axonal transport of mitochondria in primary neurons of MEC17−/− mice. Given that opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs ATP supply thereby promoting axonal injury, we enhanced the availability of acetylated α‐tubulin using TubA and inhibited mPTP opening with cyclosporin A. The results indicated that this combined treatment synergistically protected corticospinal tract integrity and promoted fine motor control recovery. These findings reveal key intracellular mechanisms that drive axonal degeneration after ICH and highlight the need to target multiple factors and respective regulatory mechanisms as an effective approach to prevent axonal degeneration and motor dysfunction after ICH.
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Factors influencing self‐management among Indonesian patients with early‐stage chronic kidney disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Suarilah Ira , Lin Chiu‐Chu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the self‐management of patients with early‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its influencing factors.MethodsA convenient sample of 226 patients with early‐stage CKD was recruited from 63 Public Health Centers in Indonesia, from June to September 2020. Demographic characteristics, health literacy, illness perception, self‐efficacy and self‐management were assessed using self‐reported questionnaires. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing self‐management. This study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, STROBE.ResultsThe mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 63.45 ml/min/1.73 m2 (standard deviation [SD] = 15.34). The average scores for health literacy, illness perception, self‐efficacy and self‐management were 32.11 (SD = 4.46), 4.57 (SD = 1.46), 183.64 (SD = 38.23) and 76.92 (SD = 9.45), respectively. The influencing factors were education level, monthly income, family history of comorbidity, health literacy and self‐efficacy, which accounted for 45% of total self‐management score.ConclusionsIndonesian patients with early‐stage CKD showed low level of health literacy, but positive illness perception and self‐efficacy; these factors significantly affected CKD self‐management. Health literacy was found to influence all dimensions of self‐management: self‐integration, problem‐solving, seeking social support and adherence to the recommended regimen.Relevance to clinical practiceAdherence to the recommended regimen is the most challenging dimension of CKD self‐management. Health literacy was found to be a major determinant of self‐management. Improving health literacy and motivation of patients with early‐stage CKD may help sustain positive illness perception and self‐efficacy, and improve self‐management.
Signalling Strategies of Exporters on Internet Business‐to‐Business Platforms
Authors: Jean Ruey‐Jer “Bryan” , Kim Daekwan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of Internet business‐to‐business (B2B) platforms offers exporters an effective and low cost means to meet the needs of their foreign buyers. However, the online marketplace is noisy and crowded, and the information asymmetry between exporters and foreign buyers is significant. Little research has been done to investigate how exporters can best use these different platform services and their boundaries and conditions. Drawing on signalling theory, we categorize an exporter’s use of platform services as marketing‐ and trade‐risk‐focused services (less and more credible signals, respectively). We further investigate how these platform services influence export sales in different institutional environments, specifically exploring the moderating roles of formal and informal institutional distance between the home and host countries. We test our hypotheses using a unique dataset made up of survey and archival data on Chinese exporters’ using Alibaba.com. Findings indicate that using marketing‐ and trade‐risk‐focused services positively affect export sales performance. The effect, however, is contingent on the differences in the formal and informal institutional environments between home and host countries. Trade‐risk‐focused services are more pronounced under greater formal and informal institutional distance. In contrast, marketing‐focused services are less pronounced under greater informal institutional distance. Taken together, our findings extend signalling theory to an online and international context. We deepen our understanding of how firms can utilize online signals with different levels of credibility and of how differences of institutional environments differently impact their effectiveness. We also advance corporate strategy literature by highlighting the importance of geographic markets and institutional differences in shaping firm’s online signalling strategies.