bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of New Pyrrolo[1,2-A]
Pyrazine Translocator Protein (TSPO) Ligands
Authors: Mokrov Grigory , Pantileev Andry , Yarkova Milada , Gudasheva Tatiana , Seredenin Sergei 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a promising target for the creation of
effective and safe neuropsychotropic drugs. The ligands of TSPO exhibit anxiolytic, antidepressant,
neuroprotective and other activities without the side effects of benzodiazepines.

Methods:
New TSPO ligands in the series of N,1-diphenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamides
derivatives were designed using calculated pharmacophore model and molecular docking analysis.
The synthesis of new compounds was carried out by two schemes using [3+3]-cycloaddition reaction
of 2-azidoacrylic acid derivatives with pyrrolphenylketone as a key stage. The anxiolytic activity of
new substances has been established using open field test with flash.

Results:
Several synthesized N,1-diphenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamides derivatives significantly
increased the total motor activity of Balb/c mice compared to the control. The structureactivity
relationship was investigated. The most effective compound was found to be GML-11 (Nbenzyl-
N,1-diphenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamide), which had anxiolytic action in the dose
range from 0.001 to 0.100 mg/kg (Balb/c, i.p.). This compound is two orders of magnitude higher in
dose activity than all other pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine TSPO ligands.

Conclusion:
Molecular modelling methods allowed us to create new TSPO ligands in the series of
N,1-diphenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-carboxamides with high anxiolytic activity.
Dichrostachys cinerea: Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological
Activities - A Review
Authors: Mazimba Ofentse , Kwape Tebogo E. , Gaobotse Goabaone 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Indigenous and medicinal plants have proven crucial to the health of mankind for a very
long time. Dichrostachys cinerea is a traditional herb used in the treatment of a variety of human
diseases in African and Indian traditional medicine. This paper reviews the ethnomedicinal uses,
phytochemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicity of D. cinerea, in order to provide scientific
consensus for further research and exploitation of the therapeutic potential of this plant. Information
was accessed by literature searches in different sources including Science Direct, PubMed, and
Google Scholar. The findings of this review paper highlight D. Cinerea as an important component
of African and Indian traditional medicine. D. cinerea is traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatism,
diabetes, coughs, asthma, kidney disorders, gonorrhea, syphilis, malaria, tuberculosis,
epilepsy, snake bites, pains, wounds, boils, burns, toothache, headache, and scabies. D. cinerea displays
diverse phytochemistry, with a wide range of isolated compounds that have well-documented
biological activities. D. cinerea has demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo biological activities. In
vitro, biological activities exhibited include enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antimalarial
activities. In vivo activities demonstrated by D. cinerea include anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal,
anti-analgesic, hepatoprotective, anti-urolithiatic, anti-lice, anti-dandruff, and neuropharmacological
activities. Animal studies have elucidated the non-toxicity of D. cinerea for the
ethanol root extract and methanol and water leaf extracts. It is vital that future studies on D.
cinerea focus on the mechanisms of action behind these biological activities for both the crude extract
and its chemical compounds. These studies could lead to clinical trials to confirm biological
activities found in animal studies. Further studies on multi-target network pharmacology, and
molecular docking technology of D. cinerea sub fractions for enzyme inhibitions and neuropharmacological
activities are of great importance and could accelerate the process of pharmaceutical development
of this plant.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Two Reference Points
Decomposition and Historical Information Prediction
Authors: Li Er-chao , Li Kang-wei 
Published: August 2021

Aims:
The main goal of this paper is to address the issues of low-quality offspring solutions
generated by traditional evolutionary operators, as well as the evolutionary algorithm's inability to
solve multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) with complicated Pareto fronts (PFs).

Background:
For some complicated multi-objective optimization problems, the effect of the multiobjective
evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is poor. For specific complicated
problems, there is less research on how to improve the performance of the algorithm by setting and
adjusting the direction vector in the decomposition-based evolutionary algorithm. Considering that in
the existing algorithms, the optimal solutions are selected according to the selection strategy in the
selection stage, without considering whether it could produce the better solutions in the stage of individual
generation to achieve the optimization effect faster. As a result, a multi-objective evolutionary
algorithm based on two reference points decomposition and historical information prediction is proposed.

Objective:
In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy, the F-series test function with
complicated PFs is used as the test function to simulate the proposed strategy.

Method:
Firstly, the evolutionary operator based on historical information prediction (EHIP) is used
to generate better offspring solutions to improve the convergence of the algorithm; secondly, the decomposition
strategy based on ideal point and nadir point is used to select solutions to solve the MOPs
with complicated PFs, and the decomposition method with augmentation term is used to improve the
population diversity when selecting solutions according to the nadir point. Finally, the proposed algorithm
is compared to several popular algorithms by the F-series test function, and the comparison is
made according to the corresponding performance metrics.

Result:
The performance of the algorithm is improved obviously compared with the popular algorithms
after using the EHIP. When the decomposition method with augmentation term is added, the
performance of the proposed algorithm is better than the algorithm with only the EHIP on the whole,
but the overall performance is better than the popular algorithms.

Conclusion :
The experimental results show that the overall performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to the popular algorithms. The EHIP can produce better quality offspring solutions, and the decomposition strategy based on two reference points can well solve the MOPs with complicated PFs. This paper mainly demonstrates the theory without testing the practical problems. The following research mainly focuses on the application of the proposed algorithm to the practical problems such as robot path planning.
Experiences of Using a Self-management Mobile App Among Individuals With Heart Failure: Qualitative Study
Authors: Schmaderer Myra , Miller Jennifer N , Mollard Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

Background
Interventions that focus on the self-management of heart failure are vital to promoting health in patients with heart failure. Mobile health (mHealth) apps are becoming more integrated into practice to promote self-management strategies for chronic diseases, optimize care delivery, and reduce health disparities.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of using a self-management mHealth intervention in individuals with heart failure to inform a future mHealth intervention study.

Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Participants were enrolled in the intervention groups of a larger parent study using a mobile app related to self-management of heart failure. The purposive, convenient, criterion-based sample for this qualitative analysis comprised 10 patients who responded to phone calls and were willing to be interviewed. Inclusion criteria for the parent study were adults who were hospitalized at Nebraska Medical Center with a primary diagnosis and an episode of acute decompensated heart failure; discharged to home without services such as home health care; had access to a mobile phone; and were able to speak, hear, and understand English.

Results
Study participants were middle-aged (mean age 55.8, SD 12 years; range 36-73 years). They had completed a mean of 13.5 (SD 2.2) years (range 11-17 years) of education. Of the 10 participants, 6 (60%) were male. Half of them (5/10, 50%) were New York Heart Association Classification Class III patients and the other half were Class IV patients. The intervention revealed four self-management themes, including (1) I didn’t realize, and now I know; (2) It feels good to focus on my health; (3) I am the leader of my health care team; and (4) My health is improving.

Conclusions
Participants who used a self-management mHealth app intervention for heart failure reported an overall positive experience. Their statements were organized into four major themes. The education provided during the study increased self-awareness and promoted self-management of their heart failure. The mHealth app supported patient empowerment, resulting in better heart failure management and improved quality of life. Participants advocated for themselves by becoming the leader of their health, especially when communicating with their health care team. Finally, the mHealth app was used by the participants as a self-management tool to assist in symptom management and improve their overall health. Future research should study symptom evaluation, medication tracking, and possibly serve as a health provider communication platform to empower individuals to be leaders in their chronic disease management.
Technology-Supported Guidance Model to Support the Development of Critical Thinking Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Clinical Practice: Protocol of an Exploratory, Flexible Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Zlamal Jaroslav , Gjevjon Edith Roth , Fossum Mariann , Steindal Simen Alexander , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves 
Published: August 2021

Background
Critical thinking is an essential set of skills in nursing education, and nursing education therefore needs a sharper focus on effective ways to support the development of these skills, especially through the implementation of technological tools in nursing education.

Objective
The aim of this study protocol is to assess the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model grounded in the metacognition theory for nursing students in clinical practice.

Methods
Both quantitative (research questionnaires) and qualitative (focus group interviews) approaches will be used to collect data for a feasibility study with an exploratory, flexible mixed methods design to test a newly developed intervention in clinical practice.

Results
The intervention development was completed in December 2020. The intervention will be tested in 3 independent nursing homes in Norway.

Conclusions
By determining the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model for nursing students in clinical practice, the results will provide information on the acceptability of the intervention and the suitability of the outcome measures and data collection strategy. They will also identify the causes of dropout and obstacles to retention and adherence.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/31646
Cambios y estrategias de la educación médica en respuesta a la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Manrique-Gutiérrez Gabriel , Motte-García Emilio , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor , Gutiérrez-Cirlos Carlos 
Published: August 2021

La contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19 provocó un distanciamiento social que alteró drásticamente la manera en que se llevan a cabo las actividades cotidianas, entre ellas la educación. Los estudiantes pasaron de tomar sus estudios de un formato presencial a uno completamente virtual, lo que generó preocupación por parte de autoridades, profesores y alumnos para alcanzar las habilidades teóricas y prácticas que implica la enseñanza médica. En consecuencia, el surgimiento y aplicación de diversas plataformas, programas y tecnologías digitales en el plan curricular de medicina ha representado la forma más conveniente de preparar a los futuros médicos.
Con la finalidad de describir los cambios y estrategias en la educación médica de pregrado y posgrado durante la pandemia, se realizó una revisión sistemática en la que se incluyeron 205 artículos. Se describe la puesta en práctica de plataformas de videoconferencia y aulas virtuales que de forma sincrónica y asincrónica abarcan los conocimientos teóricos, programas 3D y simuladores virtuales para poner en práctica habilidades clínicas, ya que, por la cancelación de rotaciones hospitalarias y disminución de procedimientos electivos, hay menos práctica clínica. Las actividades clínicas abarcan en su mayoría atención en áreas COVID y unidades de cuidados intensivos, telemedicina, entrenamiento sobre el uso adecuado del equipo de protección personal (EPP) y manejo de pacientes COVID. Finalmente, distintas actividades de investigación se realizan a distancia y los estudiantes tienen acceso a servicios de salud mental.
Por ello, a pesar de que la pandemia ha supuesto un gran reto en el cumplimiento de los programas académicos por la dificultad de reemplazar la experiencia del trato con los pacientes y contar con el acceso adecuado a dispositivos electrónicos con buena conectividad, la adopción de herramientas virtuales ha sostenido a la enseñanza médica y significa un punto de inflexión en la manera que se impartirá la docencia y atención médica en el futuro.
In Vivo Pulp Temperature Changes During Class V Cavity Preparation and Resin Composite Restoration in Premolars
Authors: Zarpellon DC , Runnacles P , Maucoski C , Gross DJ , Coelho U , Rueggeberg FA , Arrais CAG 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY

Objective
This in vivo study evaluated the influence of the sequence of all restorative steps during Class V preparation and restoration in human premolars on pulp temperature (PT).

Methods and Materials
Intact premolars with orthodontic extraction indication of 13 volunteers received infiltrative anesthesia and isolation with rubber dam. An occlusal preparation was made with a high-speed diamond bur under air-water spray until the pulp was minimally exposed, then a thermocouple probe was inserted within the pulp. A deep, 2.0-mm depth Class V preparation was made using a high-speed diamond bur under air-water spray. Three restorative techniques were performed (n=7): Filtek Z250 placed in two increments (10-second exposure, shade:A2, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Filtek Z350 XT (40-second exposure, shade:A3D, 3M ESPE) and Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (10-second exposure, shade:IVA, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), both placed in a single layer. Bonding layer and resin composite were exposed to light from the same Polywave LCU (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent). The peak PT and the difference between peak PT and baseline (ΔT) values were subjected to two-way, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=0.05).

Results
Cavity preparation and etch & rinse procedures decreased the PT values (p&lt;0.001). The 40-second exposure of Filtek Z350 caused the highest peak PT values (38.7±0.8°C) and the highest ΔT values (3.4±0.8°C), while Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill showed the lowest values (−1.6±1.3°C; p=0.009).

Conclusion
None of the evaluated procedures resulted in a PT rise near to values that could offer any risk of thermal damage to the pulp.
Evaluation of At-home Bleaching Times on Effectiveness and Sensitivity with 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Chemin K , Rezende M , Costa MC , Salgado ADY , de Geus JL , Loguercio AD , Reis A , Kossatz S 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY

Objectives
The aim of this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was to evaluate different protocols for at-home use of 10% hydrogen peroxide in whitening effectiveness and tooth sensitivity.

Methods
Seventy-two patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the upper central incisors having color A2 or darker according to the Vita Classical scale (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and randomized into two groups: 10% hydrogen peroxide applied once daily for 15 minutes (HP 15) or applied once daily for 30 minutes (HP 30). Bleaching was performed for 14 days in both groups. The color was evaluated before bleaching, during bleaching (1st and 2nd weeks), and 1 month after the bleaching treatment using the Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, and Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik). Dental sensitivity was recorded by the patients using the numerical rating scale (0–4) and visual analogue scale (0–10 cm). Color data were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures (group vs. treatment time). The Mann-Whitney test was performed to contrast the means (α=0.05). Tooth sensitivity was assessed by Fisher’s exact test (p=1.00) and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05) for both scales.

Results
A significant whitening effect was observed after 2 weeks of bleaching for all color measurements (p=0.01), with no difference between HP 15 and HP 30 (p&gt;0.05). Also, the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were similar (47%; p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions
The effectiveness and tooth sensitivity of at-home bleaching carried out with 10% hydrogen peroxide applied for 15 minutes or 30 minutes are similar.
NORMALIZED ACCELERATION RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR TBILISI CITY WITH SEISMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND SITE EFFECTS
Authors: Реквава П.А. , Мдивани К. 
Published: August 2021

Из-за отсутствия реальных записей сильных движений целью данного исследования является разработка методологии для быстрой генерации горизонтальных и вертикальных составляющих грунтовых движений землетрясения на любом участке для города Тбилиси. Модель, разработанная в результате исследования, обеспечивает имитацию движений грунта в широком диапазоне магнитуд и расстояний при 8 очагах землетрясений в регионе Тбилиси (в пределах 50 км). Исследование включает в себя три основные темы: 1) стохастическое моделирования грунтовых движений при землетрясении для данного участка города Тбилиси 2) оценка записей ускорения в данном участке, используя прямой метод инженерной сейсмологии, рассматривая грунтовые условия, основываясь на теории отраженных волн 3) расчет горизонтального и вертикального спектров упругой реакции ускорения для основных участков территории Тбилиси.
Due to lack of the real strong ground motion records the objective of this research is to develop a methodology for rapid generation of horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motion at any site for Tbilisi city. The model developed in this study provides simulation of ground motion over a wide range of magnitudes and distances at 8 earthquake sources zones of Tbilisi region (within 50 km). The research includes three main topics: 1) the stochastic simulation of earthquake ground motion at a given site of the city of Tbilisi 2) the estimation of acceleration time histories at a given site using the direct method of engineering seismology considering soil conditions based on the theory of the reflected waves and 3) calculation of horizontal and vertical acceleration elastic response spectra for main sites of Tbilisi territory.
SEASONAL CYCLIC VARIA TIONS IN THE GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS. ANALY SIS OF OBSERVA TIONS EIEMPZ ON THE STATIONS NETWORK OF THE NORTH-CAUCA SIAN REGION
Authors: Забирченко Д.Н. 
Published: August 2021

В результате анализа многолетних рядов наблюдений за естественным импульсным электромагнит- ным полем Земли (ЕИЭМПЗ или ЭМИ) по сети из 10 регистраторов, расположенных от Черного до Ка- спийского моря в пределах сейсмоопасных районов Северо-Кавказского региона, выделены характерные региональные особенности поведения суточных и сезонных вариаций геофизических полей. Отработана методика выделения аномалий с учетом смещения интенсивности сезонного фона.
An analysis of long-term series of observations of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth in a network of 10 registrars, located on the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea within the seismic areas of the North Caucasus region, marked characteristic regional features of the behavior of diurnal and seasonal variations of geophysical fields. Developed a method for detecting anomalies with the offset intensity seasonal background
PRELIMINARY DATA ON THE DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF ELBRUS MOUNT FROM STUDY OF THE COMPLEX OF GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL METHODS
Authors: Рогожин Е.А. , Горбатиков А.В. , Андреева Н.В. , Степанова М.Ю. 
Published: August 2021

В статье приведены результаты комплексных геолого- геофизических исследований южного скло- на горы Эльбрус и части Баксанского ущелья. В ходе полевых работ выполнено геолого-геоморфологи- ческое картирование в совокупности с исследованием глубинного строения с помощью метода микро- сейсмического зондирования (ММЗ). Выявлены особенности геолого-геоморфологического строения вулканического сооружения и его глубинная структура. Так, на глубинном разрезе ясно проявились зоны разломов, а также вулканические очаг и камера. Таким образом, подтверждено, что Эльбрус является по- тенциально активным вулканом
The article presents the results of integrated geological-geophysical studies of the southern slope of the Elbrus mount and part of the Baksan valley. During the field works performed geological and geomorphological mapping in conjunction with the study of the deep structure using microseismic sounding method. Peculiarities of geological and geomorphological construction of volcano and its deep structure. So, in the deep horizons was made clear the fault zones, and the volcanic hearth and chamber. Thus, it is confirmed that Elbrus is a potentially active volcano
CAPABILITIES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMETRIC OBSERVATION SYSTEMS FOR CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND REGIONS OF THEIR POSSIBLE SPREADING
Authors: Заалишвили В.Б. , Мельков Д.А. , Кануков А.С. 
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены современные компьютерные технологии хранения и обработки больших массивов дан- ных в развитии сетей комплексного мониторинга опасных природно-техногенных процессов и явлений
Issues of creating unified system of monitoring of hazardous natural and anthropogenic processes and phenomena on the basis of modern computer technologies of storage and processing of large data sets are considered.