bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyper redundancy for super reliable FPGAs
Authors: Tyurin Sergey 
Published: April 2021

The subject of the research presented in the article is hyper-redundant elements and FPGA devices that can be used in highly reliable digital systems (HRDS). The current work develops hyper-reliable logic elements, memory elements, and buffer elements for HRDS based on FPGAs, their simulation, and reliability assessment. Objective: to develop fault-tolerant logical elements of LUT for one, two, and three variables. Develop fault-tolerant static random access memory, D – flip-flop, and buffer element. To do a simulation in NI Multisim to validate performance and estimate complexity and power consumption. Derive formulas for assessing the reliability of the developed elements and devices and build graphs of comparison with known methods of triple modular redundancy. Methods used the introduction of redundancy in transistor level, simulation methods in Multisim, mathematical estimations of transistor number, reliability calculations. The following results were obtained: when introducing redundancy at the transistor level and using series-parallel circuits, it is necessary to at least quadruple the number of transistors. Passive-fail-safe elements and devices have been developed that can withstand one, two, and three transistor failures (errors). An assessment of their effectiveness has been conducted, showing their preference over the majority reservation. Conclusions. The synthesis and analysis of passive-fault-tolerant circuits with an ocean of redundancy, which ensures the preservation of a logical function for a given number of failures (from one to three), have been conducted. The costs are more than to maintain functional completeness in the method previously proposed by the author, but they are worth it. Despite the significantly greater redundancy compared to majority redundancy, power consumption turned out to be lower with an insignificant increase in latency. The proposed hyper-fault-tolerant FPGAs are advisable to use in critical application systems when maintenance is impossible. In the future, it is advisable to consider the issue of redundancy at the transistor level using bridge circuits.
Vulnerability analysis and method of selection of communication protocols for information transfer in Internet of Things systems
Authors: Kolisnyk Maryna 
Published: April 2021

The subject of study in the paper is the analysis of technologies, architectures, vulnerabilities and cyberattacks, communication patterns of smart objects, messaging models, and Internet of Things (IoT) / Web of Things (WoT) protocols for solving applied problems of critical and non-critical systems. The goal is to develop a method for selecting messaging models and application-level protocols in non-critical and critical multi-level IoT/WoT systems, provided that the type of access to intelligent objects is initially determined by the initial data, as well as analysis of vulnerabilities and attacks using these protocols. Objectives: to formalize the procedure for choosing communication protocols for IoT/WoT systems; analyze possible vulnerabilities of communication protocols; develop a method for selecting communication protocols for given initial data, depending on the selected type of communication template for smart objects; check practically the proposed method. The methods of research are methods of system analysis. The following results were obtained. The analysis of the features of communication protocols is conducted by comparing the main interrelated characteristics of IoT/WoT, the results of which are presented in the form of a table. A method has been developed for selecting communication protocols, depending on the selected type of communication template. The analysis of possible vulnerabilities of communication protocols and possible attacks using these protocols is conducted. The author has tested the method using the example of a corporate system (Smart House) based on the WoT concept. Findings. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: the analysis conducted in the paper shows that currently there is no unified approach to the choice of a messaging model and application-level protocols for building IoT/WoT, depending on the selected type of communication template for smart objects. The method for selecting communication protocols for the given conditions (for each IoT system its interaction pattern will correspond, depending on which components interact with each other), improved by the authors of the paper, makes it possible to simplify the task of using separate protocols for given IoT systems, considering vulnerabilities of protocols.
MANAJEMEN CEDERA AKIBAT OLAHRAGA PADA PELAJAR SMA DI KECAMATAN PRINGSURAT
Authors: MUKHAMAD MUSTA'IN  
Published: April 2021

Olahraga merupakan kegiatan yang sangat digemari oleh semua manusia dari berbagai usia, baik kalangan tua ataupuan muda. Masa SMA merupakan masa yang aktif dalam perkembangan kehidupannya. Banyak siswa SMA yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler olahraga seperti sepakbola, futsal, voli, baket dan lainnya. Kurangnya kehati- hatian saat berolahraga, para siswa sering mengalami suatu cedera. Pemberian informasi dan ketrampilan yang tepat tentang manajemen cedera melalui pelatihan manajemen cedera akut dan kronik dinilai sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan atau meminimalkan kerusakan cedera lebih lanjut akibat olahraga. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang penanganan cedera pada fase akut atau kronik. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan skreening pengetahuan tentang manajemen cedera olahraga, selanjutnya pelaksanaan pelatihan manajemen cedera. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah seluruh siswa mengikuti pelatihan manajemen cedera dan pemahaman siswa tentang penangan cedera sebelum pelatihan yaitu pengetahuan kurang (14%), pengetahuan cukup (46%) dan pengetahuan baik (40%) dan saat posttest pengetahuan kurang 2%, Cukup 20% dan Baik 78%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta menjadi sebagian besar baik. Dengan demikian melalui pengabdian masyarakat para siswa diharapkan dapat melaksanakan upaya pencegahan cedera akibat olahrga dengan baik.
PENDAMPINGAN KADER POS PEMBINAAN TERPADU (POSBINDU) KELOMPOK BIMBINGAN IBADAH HAJI DAN UMROH
Authors: Kurnia Anggraini Dwi , Melizza Nur , Masruroh Nur Lailatul , Setyowati Cici Indah 
Published: April 2021

Kesehatan pada Kelompok Bimbingan Ibadah Haji dan Umroh juga menjadi perhatian bagi keperawatan komunitas. Kondisi Kesehatan akan sangat menunjang dalam memperlancar proses ibadah. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarkat ini adalah untuk meningkatan kesehatan jemaah melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader posbindu agar dapat melakukan pengontrolan kesehtan berkala melalui kegiatan posbindu. Pelatihan masyarakat dikemas dalam bentuk pelatihan kader posbindu dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi. Metode ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya, dapat membuat pengajaran menjadi lebih jelas dan konkret, sehingga menghindari verbalisme (pemahaman secara kata-kata atau kalimat), peserta lebih mudah memahami apa yang dipelajari, proses pengajaran lebih menarik, dan peserta dirangsang untuk aktif mengamati, menyesuaikan antara teori dengan kenyataan dan mencoba melaukannya sendiri. Peserta yang telibat merupakan beberapa jama’ah dan pengurus sejumlah 12 orang yang terdiri dari 6 perempuan dan 6 laki-laki. Usia peserta antara 41-60 tahun, setelah diberikan ceramah dan demonstrasi tingkat pengetahuan peserta 100% dalam kategori baik. Hasil ini didapatkan melalui evaluasi tes yang dilaksanakan setelah rangkaian kegiatan pelatihan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta sebagai kader posbindu yaitu dengan memahami pengetahuan terkait penyakit umum, persiapan sebagai calon jemaah haji dan tindakan pemeriksaan dasar dalam kegiatan posbindu.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS KEMAMPUAN PERAWAT DALAM MENENTUKAN DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN BERDASARKAN TEORI PATIENT CENTERED DI RSUD BANGIL
Authors: Bahrudin Moch bahrudin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One of the nursing processes is determining nursing diagnoses. The determination of nursing diagnoses is based on the theory used, one of which is Carpenito's theory, which is based on patient responses as a guide in determining nursing diagnoses. This theory is not in line with the current situation. So this theory cannot answer the needs of patients because patients who are hospitalized cannot always respond or complain. Based on these problems, the authors provide instructions for determining nursing diagnoses based on the Abdella Faya theory, which is based on body physiological disorders.
The service targets are nurses in the Bangil Hospital treatment room. The problem is resolved in two stages of activity, namely preparation and implementation. Preparation is carried out by conducting research in 2017 to see conditions in the field regarding nurses' procedures for determining nursing diagnoses. Implementation is carried out by the lecture method, namely the technique of determining nursing diagnoses and case exercises as a form of nursing diagnosis determination workshop activities.
The results of the training activities show the level of success with an indication of the suitability of the material with the needs of nurses in determining nursing diagnoses, a positive response from the participants and the majority (90% of participants have understood the concept and how to determine nursing diagnoses.

Key words: determination, nursing diagnosis, Patient Centered, Bangil general Hospital
Gambaran Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Aziz Zulfikar Abdul , Ayu Delfri Ana , Bancin Fifi Maysarah , Syara Siti Gendis , Manalu Wahdana Boang , S Rina Artika , Lia Sandra Fita , Tanjung Laila Puspita , Boang manalu Abdur Suripto , Br Karo Sri indah Karina , Br Bangun Claudya Agita , Limbong Fingki Wulandari , Siregar Nurul Fadhilah 
Published: April 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 mempengaruhi kesehatan mental masyarakat di dunia. Sekitar 800.000 orang meninggal akibat bunuh diri setiap tahunnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran kualitas tidur di wilayah urban dan rural Kecamatan Pantai Labu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-September 2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Strata 1 di Medan, Sumatera Utara. Sampel yang digunakan sebesar 123 responden. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling. Instrumen sampel berupa kuesioner digital (Google Form) yang disebar melalui media sosial peneliti. Kuesioner yang digunakan merupakan kuesioner Self-Reporting Questionneire 20 yang sudah diterjemahkan. Proporsi mahasiswa yang mengalami gangguan mental atau memiliki kesehatan mental yang buruk sebesar 30 %. Pada responden Laki-Laki ditemukan bahwa 28% dari 25 responden mengalami gangguan mental. Pada wanita, sebesar 31% dari 98 responden mengalami gangguan mental. Berdasarkan status marital, proporsi gangguan mental tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok Memiliki Pasangan (belum menikah) sebesar 34%. Sedangkan berdasarkan Usia, kelompok dengan proporsi paling tinggi adalah 19-20 tahun sebesar 35% dari 37 responden (97%CI: 20.57-20.96). Proporsi gangguan mental pada mahasiswa sangat tinggi (30%). Proporsi yang berbeda ditemukan pada mahasiswa Laki-Laki dan Perempuan. Hal tersebut dimungkinkan karena perbedaan respon dan perspektif dalam menghadapi masalah dan tekanan dari lingkungan dan kampus. Mahasiswa hendaknya dapat mengetahui dan memahami terkait dengan kontrol diri dan pemecahan masalah untuk mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya gangguan mental.
Correlational Analysis of the Availability and Usage of Geographic Information Systems by Students and Lecturers an Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Osakwe Jude Odiakaosa , Ankome Teresia , Ujakpa Martin 
Published: April 2021

There has been a rapid development of Information and communication Technologies (ICTs) globally, and this includes the Geographic Information Systems (GISs) which has evolved over the years and aimed at solving many geographic problems as fast and efficiently as possible. The importance of GIS to students and lecturers in higher educational institutions is it’s ability to easily analyse locations together with the conventional database systems. This paper assessed the correlation between the availability and use of GIS in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The study is exploratory in nature and employed the use of questionnaires as instrument to collect data. Simple random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and ten (110) lecturers one thousand five hundred and seventy-nine (1579) students from a university. Findings revealed that GIS for analysis is still at its lowest ebb and hence calls for an action to motivate or encourage lecturers and students to use it. Though there are indications that GIS will be of great value in schools, students and lecturers they will be happy to use it for their teaching and learning. The study also revealed availability of GIS was not tied to its usage.
Galleria mellonella Larvae as an Infection Model to Investigate sRNA-Mediated Pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ménard Guillaume , Rouillon Astrid , Ghukasyan Gevorg , Emily Mathieu , Felden Brice , Donnio Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2021

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in bacterial regulatory networks. Monitoring their expression inside living colonized or infected organisms is essential for identifying sRNA functions, but few studies have looked at sRNA expression during host infection with bacterial pathogens. Insufficient in vivo studies monitoring sRNA expression attest to the difficulties in collecting such data, we therefore developed a non-mammalian infection model using larval Galleria mellonella to analyze the roles of Staphylococcus aureus sRNAs during larval infection and to quickly determine possible sRNA involvement in staphylococcal virulence before proceeding to more complicated animal testing. We began by using the model to test infected larvae for immunohistochemical evidence of infection as well as host inflammatory responses over time. To monitor sRNA expression during infection, total RNAs were extracted from the larvae and invading bacteria at different time points. The expression profiles of the tested sRNAs were distinct and they fluctuated over time, with expression of both sprD and sprC increased during infection and associated with mortality, while rnaIII expression remained barely detectable over time. A strong correlation was observed between sprD expression and the mortality. To confirm these results, we used sRNA-knockout mutants to investigate sRNA involvement in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis, finding that the decrease in death rates is delayed when either sprD or sprC was lacking. These results demonstrate the relevance of this G. mellonella model for investigating the role of sRNAs as transcriptional regulators involved in staphylococcal virulence. This insect model provides a fast and easy method for monitoring sRNA (and mRNA) participation in S. aureus pathogenesis, and can also be used for other human bacterial pathogens.
Early Exposure to High-Sucrose Diet Leads to Deteriorated Ovarian Health
Authors: de Melo Giuliane Barros , Soares Jéssica Furtado , Costa Thamyres Cristhina Lima , Benevides Renata Ohana Alves , Vale Caroline Castro , Paes Antonio Marcus de Andrade , Gaspar Renato Simões 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with disorders of the reproductive system, such as the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates is linked to the development of MetS, it is still unclear if this diet leads to ovarian dysfunction and PCOS.ObjectivesWe investigated the influence of a high-sucrose diet (HSD) on the ovarian milieu of Wistar rats and studied the correlation between high consumption of sugary drinks and the prevalence of PCOS in women.MethodsWistar rats were given a standard laboratory diet (CTR, 10% sucrose, n = 8) or HSD (HSD, 25% sucrose, n = 8) from postnatal day 21 to 120. Animals were evaluated weekly to calculate food intake, feed efficiency and weight gain. Both onset of puberty and estrous cycle were monitored. Metabolic serum biochemistry, organ morphometry and ovarian histology were performed upon euthanasia. In parallel, a fixed-effects multiple linear regression analysis was performed using data from Brazilian states (459 state-year observations) to test the correlation between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (surrogate for HSD intake) and the prevalence of PCOS (surrogate for ovarian dysfunction).ResultsHSD animals showed increased adipose tissue accumulation, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance when compared to CTR. Interestingly HSD rats also entered puberty earlier than CTR. Moreover, ovaries from HSD animals had an increased number of atretic antral follicles and cystic follicles, which were correlated with the hypertrophy of periovarian adipocytes. Finally, there was a positive correlation between the intake of sugary drinks and prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age.ConclusionsHSD ingestion leads to ovarian dysfunction in rats and could be correlated with PCOS in women, suggesting these alterations could lead to public health issues. Therefore, we reinforce the deleterious impact of HSD to the ovarian system and suggest that the reduction of added sugars intake could be beneficial to ovarian health.
A Prognostic Risk Stratification Model to Identify Potential Population Benefiting From Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in T1–2 Breast Cancer With 1–3 Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Hou Niuniu , Zhang Juliang , Yang Lu , Wu Ying , Wang Zhe , Zhang Mingkun , Yang Li , Hou Guangdong , Wu Jianfeng , Wang Yidi , Dong Bingyao , Guo Lili , Shi Mei , Ling Rui 
Published: April 2021

Background and ObjectivesTo establish a prognostic stratification nomogram for T1–2 breast cancer with 1–3 positive lymph nodes to determine which patients can benefit from postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT).MethodsA population-based study was conducted utilizing data collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the distribution of characteristics. Cox analysis identified significant prognostic factors for survival. A prognostic stratification model was constructed by R software. Propensity score matching was applied to balance characteristics between PMRT cohort and control cohort. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to evaluate the performance of stratification and the benefits of PMRT in the total population and three risk groups.ResultsThe overall performance of the nomogram was good (3-year, 5-year, 10-year AUC were 0.75, 0.72 and 0.67, respectively). The nomogram was performed to excellently distinguish low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups with 10-year overall survival (OS) of 86.9%, 73.7%, and 62.7%, respectively (P&lt;0.001). In the high-risk group, PMRT can significantly better OS with 10-year all-cause mortality reduced by 6.7% (P = 0.027). However, there was no significant survival difference between PMRT cohort and control cohort in low-risk (P=0.49) and moderate-risk groups (P = 0.35).ConclusionThe current study developed the first prognostic stratification nomogram for T1–2 breast cancer with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes and found that patients in the high-risk group may be easier to benefit from PMRT.
miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Tight Junction Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Ye Ting , Ding Jie , Huang Yi , Peng Yang , Xia Qin , Cuntai Zhang 
Published: April 2021

Background:Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The smoke disrupts cell-cell adhesion by inducing epithelial barrier damage to the tight junction (TJ) proteins. Even though the inflammatory mechanism of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in COPD has gained increasing attention in the research community, however, the underlying signaling pathway, remains unknown.Objectives:To identify the relationship of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of tight junction impairment in COPD and the pathway through which CSE causes damage to TJ in COPD via CCL3, bothin vivoandin vitro.Methods:We screened the inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and patients at each GOLD 1-4 stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the levels of CCL3, ZO-1, and occludin after Cigarette smoke exposure. Immunofluorescence was applied to examine the impairment of the TJs in 16-HBE and A549 cells. The reverse assay was used to detect the effect of a CCR5 antagonist (DAPTA) in COPD. In the CSE-induced COPD mouse model, H&amp;E staining and lung function tests were used to evaluate the pathological and physical states in each group. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the impairment of TJs in each group. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to examine the mRNA or protein expression of CCL3 or miR-4456 in each group.Results:Thein vivoandin vitroresults showed that CCL3 expression was increased in COPD compared with healthy controls. CCL3 caused significant injury to TJs through its C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), while miR-4456 could suppress the effect of CCL3 on TJs by binding to the 3′-UTR of CCL3.Conclusion:miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 pathway may be a potential target pathway for the treatment of COPD.
The Effects of Repeated Morphine Treatment on the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Zhang Hong , Lipinski Austin A. , Liktor-Busa Erika , Smith Angela F. , Moutal Aubin , Khanna Rajesh , Langlais Paul R. , Largent-Milnes Tally M. , Vanderah Todd W. 
Published: April 2021

The therapeutic utility of opioids is diminished by their ability to induce rewarding behaviors that may lead to opioid use disorder. Recently, the endogenous cannabinoid system has emerged as a hot topic in the study of opioid reward but relatively little is known about how repeated opioid exposure may affect the endogenous cannabinoid system in the mesolimbic reward circuitry. In the present study, we investigated how sustained morphine may modulate the endogenous cannabinoid system in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Sprague Dawley rats, a critical region in the mesolimbic reward circuitry. Studies here using proteomic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that the VTA expresses 32 different proteins or genes related to the endogenous cannabinoid system; three of these proteins or genes (PLCγ2, ABHD6, and CB2R) were significantly affected after repeated morphine exposure (CB2R was only detected by qRT-PCR but not proteomics). We also identified that repeated morphine treatment does not alter either anandamide (AEA) or 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels in the VTA compared to saline treatment; however, there may be diminished levels of anandamide (AEA) production in the VTA 4 h after a single morphine injection in both chronic saline and morphine pretreated cohorts. Treating the animals with an inhibitor of 2-AG degradation significantly decreased repeated opioid rewarding behavior. Taken together, our studies reveal a potential influence of sustained opioids on the endocannabinoid system in the VTA, suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid system may participate in the opioid-induced reward.