bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying the extraction of heavy-metal ions from galvanic wastewater by reagent method
Authors: Savelyev S N , Savelyeva A V , Dryakhlov V O , Anamova R R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the study of the possibility to increase the extraction degree of heavy metal ions (HMIs) from two types of galvanic wastewater (GWW 1 and GWW 2) by the reagent method. It is established that, as a result of interaction between GWW 1 components and Na2S pentahydrate, the largest amounts of the resultant precipitate were registered in alkaline medium, which is 13.4 and 91.5% greater than in neutral and acidic media, respectively. A greater precipitate weight increase was observed when using 0.7% of Na2S pentahydrate in alkaline medium than when using 0.14% of that solution. The following efficient conditions are determined for removing HMIs from GWW 1 by the reagent method: Na2S pentahydrate solution concentration of 0.7%; volumetric reagent/GWW ratio: 1:42; alkaline medium; and retention time of 20 minutes. Implementing the method proposed allows achieving the extraction degree of 99.97% for Cu2+ ions and 99.93% for Ni2+ ions. A greater efficiency of extracting HMIs from GWW 2 was identified with adding Na2CO3, as compared to Ca(OH)2 when depositing for 25 minutes. Implementing the technique proposed for cleaning of GWW 1, GWW 2 from HMIs leads to achieving the standards of threshold limit values for fishery water bodies.
Application of oil-containing gabbro-diabase waste sludge for ceramic products manufacturing
Authors: Sverguzova S V , Shaikhiev I G , Valiev R R , Loktionova E V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper presents research findings of the possibility of recycling and using the oil-containing sludge, generated at water-oil emulsions purification with gabbro-diabase powder, in ceramic constructional products manufacture. It is suggested to add the sludge to clay mass as a mineral and pore-forming admixture. The influence of the added sludge weight on such physical and mechanical parameters of ceramic samples as strength, compressive strength, water absorption, air shrinkage and firing shrinkage values and density was studied. The ceramic samples were prepared using natural clays from the Bessonovka (Belgorod region) and Podgornoye (Voronezh region) deposits. It has been demonstrated that adding the sludge to clay mass in amount of 2% wt. increases the compressive strength of samples by 90%, the air shrinkage by 1%, and water absorption by 1-2%. The firing shrinkage stays the same. At increasing the amount of the added sludge up to 7% all the parameters are slightly changed – water absorption and air shrinkage are increased, compressive strength, firing shrinkage and density are reduced. But further, at 7% sludge content in the clay mix the ceramic samples’ strength meets the grade not lower than 150 by GOST 530-2012.
Development of a new high-capacity formaldehyde absorption unit for environmental problems solving and resource saving in formalin production
Authors: Rakipova K A , Mahotkin A F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ways of further intensification of formaldehyde absorption process and new constructions of more compact apparatuses have been developed on the basis of generalization of results of experimental study of regularities of mechanism and kinetics of formaldehyde absorption in conditions of formalin production. The most effective and for intensification of formaldehyde absorption process are vortex apparatuses in the form of a cascade of one-stage vortex apparatuses, or in the form of a vortex column including three vortex phase contact stages. A new splash trap with bag filtering elements was developed for effective fog catching.
Experience in using regulations when performing acoustic designs in graduate qualification work
Authors: Strokin A A , Kirikova O V , Kuporosova I S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the problems of acoustic design that a future specialist may face in the field of labor protection. The article provides a review of existing noise protection regulations, including those that have lost their force due to the emergence of a new set of rules (Sanitary Regulations) but contain useful information. Using the example of the acoustic design of a machine shop (within the framework of the graduate qualification work (GQW), the article discusses the difficulties of using existing literature and regulations, as well as the inconsistencies and contradictions between them. The material of the article can be used in the development of methodological training materials for technical specialists in the field of technosphere safety.
Representation of the galvanic coagulation process using a mathematical model
Authors: Kozodaev A S , Shulzhenko A D , Korpusova Y V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of the process of water purification by galvanic coagulation. It is known that this method is promising for the extraction of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals from wastewater. However, there are no techniques or mathematical dependencies to simulate the treatment process. The paper investigated the chemical side of galvanic coagulation, and also proposed a mathematical model based on a two-stage chemical reaction model and a metal electrochemical corrosion model.
Some features of the synthesis and coagulation treatment wastewater from the TNRS production
Authors: Zainullin A M , Truhan O V , Khusainov R M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Experiments were carried out to study the influence of the conditions of TNRS synthesis on the formation of the crystal. The possibility of wastewater treatment of TNRS production using aqueous solutions of coagulants was studied. It was found that with increasing dosages of reagents, the volume of sediment increases, and the COD values of filtrates decrease. It was found that the highest degree of purification was achieved using iron (II) sulfate at a dosage of 10 g/dm3 and was not less than 87.
Natural and technogenic changes in geochemistry of soils in the Ciscaucasian steppe landscapes
Authors: Alekseenko V A , Pisarenko G P , Shvydkaya N V , Puzanov A V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The work is based on landscape-geochemical studies, uniformly conducted in the Ciscaucasian region on a scale from 1:500,000 to 1:10,000. Analyses of over 15,000 samples allowed to consider natural and technogenic factors affecting migration and accumulation of elements. The greatest technogenic geochemical changes occurred in the soils of the landscapes during the plowing of steppe. The intensity and direction of the studied regional processes of influx and loss of elements depend mainly on such natural factors as the zonal type of steppes, geomorphological features of the sites, and the intensity of wind erosion. Depending on the land topography, the influence of wind erosion on the geochemical features of steppe soils was described. The impact of dumpsites located at different distances from discrete parts of the steppe landscapes and the post-steppe arable lands were studied alongside the impact of sedimentation tanks of chemical enterprises on the steppe soils.
Assessment of coenopopulations Epipactis atrorubens in nature reserves of Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Barlybayeva M Sh , Kildiyarova G N , Suyundukov I V , Ishmuratova M M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effective conservation of rare species is possible in specially protected natural areas. The article presents the results of coenopopulations monitoring and assessing the state by demographic and vitality indicators of dremlik dark red (Epipactis atrorubens) familyOrchidaceaein three reserves of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The geobotanical descriptions were carried out on a nine-point modified scale of Brown-Blanke. The ecological conditions of the habitats were assessed by the composition of species in plant communities using the ecological scales of Ellenberg. The assessment of the vitality of coenopopulations was carried out according to the size range of individuals (IVC). The studied coenopopulations grow on steep slopes, underlain by carbonate rocks, in dry pine forests and pine-birch forests. The number of individuals in coenopopulations is small, from 76 to 600 individuals; more than 4 thousand individuals were recorded in a favorable year in the Bashkir State Nature Reserve. Over a number of years for coenopopulations are characterized by significant fluctuations in the number, density, vitality of individuals and age spectra, which is associated with the prevailing influence of weather conditions on the growth and development of individuals. The average age spectra of coenopopulations are complete and incomplete, right-sided, with a predominance of generative and vegetative individuals. A decrease in the total number of individuals in some years by 3.0-6.5 times forE. atrorubensis not critical. Under protection conditions coenopopulations are in a satisfactory and stable condition.
Methodology for environmental assessment of agrolandscapes in arid zones
Authors: Belyakov A M , Koshelev A V , Tubalov A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents materials on the development of methodological tools for environmental assessment of agricultural landscapes in the conditions of aridization and global climate change. The research purpose consists in assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes in the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils in the Volgograd region and development of a theory of the formation of ecologically balanced agroforest landscapes and adaptive farming systems for conditions of insufficient moisture. The research has been carried out in the agrolandscapes of the dry steppe zone of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region on the territory of 3 farms with various types of agricultural technologies and farming systems. The research methodology is based on extensive analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and includes special research methods. As a result of the research, we have determined the principles, classification and directions of ecological development of agrolandscapes. The method has been developed for the relative assessment of soil fertility in agroforest landscapes of the Volgograd region based on a system of indicators. The methodology and the system of criteria for direct, indirect and integrated assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes in the dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the Volgograd region have been tested. The present research will become the basis for developing the theory of formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes and adaptive farming systems for conditions of insufficient moisture zones in the south of Russia.
Promising drought-resistant and heat-resistant species and varieties of the genus Malus Mill. for creation of sustainable agrocenoses in the Trans-Volga-Ural region steppe
Authors: Berezina T V , Savin E Z 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The stability and productivity of horticultural agrocenoses depend on the adaptation of fruit plants to climatic and landscape-ecological conditions. To form profitable fruit plantings in the Trans-Volga-Ural region, it is necessary to select varieties with high potential resistance to drought. The purpose of our study is to study the drought- and heat resistance of species and varieties of the genus Malus Mill growing in the study area. To estimate drought-resistance, we identified: the water content of leaves, water deficit, the water-retaining ability for 2 – 6 hours, the water loss on average for 1 hour, and heat-resistance. 180 samples of the genus Malus kinds, sorts, and varieties were the study objects for two years.
Stress climatic factors were not noticed in 2019; therefore, most of the studied samples received a high assessment of relative drought-resistance. M. fuska, M. zumi, M. kaido., M. baccata (Dubki), and clonal rootstocks Ural 1, Ural 5, Ural 8, Arm 18, OB 3-4, OB 4-3, 54-118 and others were among the most drought-resistant species and varieties of the genus Malus in 2019. The vegetation period of 2020 was abnormally hot and dry. According to the water content in tissues, many of the leading sorts and forms of 2019 showed lower results in 2020. M. denticulata, M. mandzschurica, M. sikkimensis, M. turkmenorum №4, M. turkmenorum №5, M. purpurea, M. zumi, 70-20-20, Ural 7, Volga 12. were noticed among the most resistant representatives of the Malus family in 2020.
Ore sources of raw materials of the ancient metallurgy in the steppe Cis-Urals region
Authors: Bogdanov S V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper considers problems to define the primary source of raw material for metallurgical production in the Bronze Age in the IV-II centuries BC on the steppe Sic-Urals area. The data of field, experimental, and geochemical analytical researches for 2016-2020 are used. The summary indicating the relation between the initial ore protolith and sulfide and silicious-carbonate oxidized ores dated by the end of the Permian period is formulated. Radiocarbon dates of bearing monuments of mining archaeology are given.
Biochemical composition and nutritional value of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. in eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Boloneva L N , Badmaeva N K , Merkushevav M G , Lavrentieva I N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article objective is to define the biochemical composition of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., its nutritional and energy value in the southern steppe zone of eastern Transbaikalia, growing in different soil and environmental conditions due to the lack of such data. The authors use standard biochemical methods to determine nutrients calculated by assessing the nutritional value and energy of plant forage. Statistical data processing is carried out in Microsoft Excel. The paper examines content of crude protein, sugars, crude fat, crude cellulose, nitrogen-free extractives, feed units and metabolizable energy in dry matter of Leymus chinensis for the first time. The study ascertains a definite relation of the nutrient accumulation, and soil and environmental conditions, growing season duration, plant development phase, and the species adaptation to prolonged aridization, which causes its vegetative reproduction due to a decrease in generative reproduction. It reveals protein ratios as an indicator of forage digestibility. The research found that the amount of both digestible nutrients, and the content of energy and metabolic energy in the forage varied in a rather narrow range, which is associated with the short growing season of Leymus chinensis development under the harsh continental climate of the steppe zone in eastern Transbaikalia.
Introduction of ornamental herbaceous plants native to the Eurasian steppes in Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, at Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Science
Authors: Bondorina I A , Kabanov A V , Mamaeva N A , Khokhlacheva J A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The steppes of Eurasia are promising donors for the introduction of ornamental plants. But when introduced to wetter regions, a number of species face the problem of their low ex situ stability. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the results of the introduction of steppe species of ornamental herbaceous perennials in the Laboratory of ornamental plants (LOP) GBS RAS. The objects of the study are 84 species belonging to 53 genus from 23 families. In the introduction studies, two classical methods were used: the ecological-phytocenotic method and the method of generic complexes. To maintain the culture of some collections or their components, the method of ecotrons is also used. The analysis of the composition of the introduced species included in the modern collection fund of the LDR of the GBS RAS suggests that the most promising are groups of species with a wide response rate, which, in addition to steppe habitats, are confined to more remote ones. According to the results of long-term field experiments, the most stable species under long-term cultivation were identified. It is established that for a number of steppe species, long-term maintenance in culture is possible only with the use of a specially created substrate. Ex situ conservation of dry steppe species proper is extremely difficult and little practical. In MBG RAS Salvia stepposa Des.-Shost., Linum perenne L., Verbascum phoeniceum L., Dracocephalum ruyschiana L., Eremurus fuscus (O. Fedtsch.) Vved., Iris pumila L., I. scariosa Willd. ex Link, I. furcata Bieb., I. timofejewii Woronow, I. lutescens Lam. they were short-lived in the culture.
Features of water regime changes of steppe chernozem in the South-East of Central Chernozem zone in modern conditions
Authors: Cheverdin Yu I , Bespalov V A , Titova T V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the elements of the water regime of the steppe chernozems of the Stone Steppe of the Central Chernozem Region in the conditions of the dry period from the end of 2019 to the autumn of 2020. The objects of the study were: the mowed fallow land plowing in 1882, the old-growth forest strip of 1903 planting and arable land adjacent to fallow plots. The soil-hydrological constants were calculated (total water capacity, lowest field capacity, permanent wilting point) both in the time interval and down the soil profile to a depth of 2 m. The reserves of productive moisture during the growing season were also studied. The maximum values of productive moisture content was reached on the mowed fallow sites by the beginning of February, the minimum in the forest belt areas, the arable land plots had an intermediate value. By the middle of the growing season (June), 2020, the moisture reserves in the soils of the forest strip, fallow and arable land were 127, 123 and 109 mm, respectively, in the meter thickness. The highest amount of productive moisture in the upper soil horizon (0-20 cm) is observed under the forest belt – 39 mm. However, moisture content under the fallow land in the upper horizon had decreased to rate of the dead moisture reserve by early August. Similar values were found in soil under the forest belt and arable land. Otherwise, moisture profile was formed in underlying carbonate horizons. The forest belt soils in insufficient atmospheric moisture conditions in 2020 were more dried out than soil of fallow and arable land. The estimation was given for nature of soil profile changes of soil moisture profile due to influence of forest belt. The data of productive moisture reserves in soil at different distances from the forest belt were presented. In the meter layer at the edge of the forest belt, moisture reserves were at the level of 94.0 mm, sharply decreasing to 60.3 mm at a distance of 25 m from the forest strip, with a gradual decrease to 34 mm at a distance of 125 m. The results of observations showed a clear downward trend of productive moisture content due to distance from the old-growth forest belt.
Theoretical and methodological approaches revealing the current challenges to the spatial development of regions in the steppe zone of Russia
Authors: Chibilev A A , Grigorevsky D V , Meleshkin D S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To detect the current challenges to spatial development, we attempted to identify and theoretically explain the basic notions of stages of challenges’ formation. Such concepts as “challenge,” “danger,” “treat,” and “risk” were defined. The revealed determinants were classified according to five blocks of challenges, and multi-scale levels of their formation were detected. Eighteen region-subjects of the RF steppe mesoresion were chosen as the territory of the study. The methodological approach to see challenges using assessments of the rate of increase (2019 to 2010) was offered. There are 28 principal indicators grouped in blocks: inter-regional contrasts (economic development and a state of the social sphere), the imbalance of the natural-ecological and socio-economic frameworks, a compression of developed space, the formation of seats of potential ecological catastrophes, and threat of food security. The table of the rate of increase was designed. Based on this table, we could reveal prevailing negative processes and increased risk of challenge’s emergence in every region. According to the study results, the examined challenges in the least degree emerged in the Republics of Adygei and Kalmykia. In the most degree (or more evident), they displayed themselves in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Volgogradskaya, and Chelyabinskaya oblasts.
Some suggestions were stated to work out long-term steppe region development plans in the frame of economic-geographical and socio-economic research.
Innovative potential of the touristic-recreational sphere in the steppe regions of Russia in conditions of the current challenges
Authors: Chibilyova V , Sviatokha N , Filimonova I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An assessment of innovative potential in the touristic-recreational sphere within the steppe regions in Russia is considered. Based on the author methodology (with selected indicators that the most complete reflect innovative potential), we marked out region – leaders, according to a level of innovative potential of the touristic-recreational sphere (the Republic of Crimea, Adygei, Sevastopol city) and outsiders (Volgogradskaya, Saratovskaya, Orenburgskaya oblasts). A final assessment of innovative potential is represented as a schematic map. A perspective plan “Innovative potential of the touristic-recreational sphere’ development in the steppe regions” was developed to effective progress of the touristic sphere and based on the following principal aspects: use of new recreational resources; regular updating and identification of new market outlets of touristic products; use of new techniques and technologies in the course of the realization of touristic products; construction of the system of scientific and human resources in the tourism; organization of event activities connected with the tourism (touristic exhibition, fairs, etc.). The conducted study will introduce in practice an optimized management strategy of the touristic-recreational sphere development in Russia’s steppe regions, taking into account the current challenges.
Predicting the potential distribution of an endemic steppe species Artemisia salsoloides Willd. under the climate change
Authors: Fedorova Y A , Muldashev A A , Fedorov N I , Martynenko V B , Kutueva A G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change poses a risk for rare plant species distribution in the future. The aim of this study was to predict the impact of moderate climate change on the growth and distribution of the rare endemic steppe species Artemisia salsoloides Willd. with the use of the maximum entropy method (MaxEnt). A. salsoloides distribution under moderate climate change (RCP 4.5 scenario) for 2040-2060 and 2061-2080 was modelled using a set of bioclimatic rasters (BIOCLIM) from the CHELSA database and topographic variables from GMTED2010. Model results showed an increase in the area of low and medium suitable habitats to the northeast of the current range, with no significant change in the area of highly suitable habitat predicted. The resulting models also showed no significant decline in habitat suitability in the current present sites in the future. Thus, moderate climate change will not have a significant negative impact on the distribution of the species, and no additional protection measures for the species in response to climate change are needed.