bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Reports of Serious Adverse Drug Reactions Resulting From Drug–Drug Interactions: An Analysis From the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Létinier Louis , Ferreira Amandine , Marceron Alexandre , Babin Marina , Micallef Joëlle , Miremont-Salamé Ghada , Pariente Antoine ,   on behalf of the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centres
Published: March 2021

Few data are available on the clinical impact of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Most of the studies are limited to the analysis of exposure to potential DDI or the targeted impact of the combination of a few drugs or therapeutic classes. The analysis of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports could be a mean to study generally the adverse effects identified due to a DDI. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of ADRs resulting from DDIs reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system and to identify the drugs most often implicated in these ADRs. Considering all ADR reports from January 01, 2012, to December 31, 2016, we identified all cases of ADR resulting from a DDI (DDI-ADRs). We then described these in terms of patients’ characteristics, ADR seriousness, drugs involved (two or more per case), and ADR type. Of the 4,027 reports relating to DDI-ADRs, 3,303 were related to serious ADRs. Patients with serious DDI-ADRs had a median age of 76 years (interquartile range: 63–84); 53% were male. Of all serious DDI-ADRs, 11% were life-threatening and 8% fatal. In 36% of cases, the DDI causing the ADR involved at least three drugs. Overall, 8,424 different drugs were mentioned in the 3,303 serious DDI-ADRs considered. Altogether, drugs from the “antithrombotic agents” subgroup were incriminated in 34% of serious DDI-ADRs. Antidepressants were the second most represented therapeutic/pharmacological subgroup (5% of serious DDI-ADRs). Among the 3,843 ADR types reported in the 3,303 serious DDI-ADRs considered, the most frequently represented were hemorrhage (40% clinical hemorrhage; 6% biological hemorrhage), renal failure (8%), pharmacokinetic alteration (5%), and cardiac arrhythmias (4%). Hemorrhagic accidents are still an important part of serious ADRs resulting from DDIs reported in France. The other clinical consequences of DDIs seem less well identified by pharmacovigilance. Moreover, more than one-third of serious DDI-ADRs involved at least three drugs.
Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Decreases High Blood Pressure by Stabilizing the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Chen Hua , Yu Bin , Guo Xinqi , Hua Hong , Cui Fang , Guan Yue , Tian Yanming , Zhang Xiangjian , Zhang Yi , Ma Huijie 
Published: March 2021

Background and AimsPrevious studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) in hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the anti-hypertensive effect of CIHH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in anti-hypertensive effect of CIHH.MethodsFifteen-week-old male SHR and WKY rats were divided into four groups: the SHR without CIHH treatment (SHR-CON), the SHR with CIHH treatment (SHR-CIHH), the WKY without CIHH treatment (WKY-CON), and the WKY with CIHH treatment (WKY-CIHH) groups. The SHR-CIHH and WKY-CIHH rats underwent 35-days of hypobaric hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4,000 m, 5 h per day. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded by biotelemetry, and angiotensin (Ang) II, Ang1–7, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α, and IL-10 in serum and the mesenteric arteries were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The microvessel tension recording technique was used to determine the contraction and relaxation of the mesenteric arteries. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s staining were used to observe vascular morphology and fibrosis. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, AT1, and Mas proteins in the mesenteric artery.ResultsThe biotelemetry result showed that CIHH decreased arterial blood pressure in SHR for 3–4 weeks (P &lt; 0.01). The ELISA and immunohistochemistry results showed that CIHH decreased Ang II, but increased Ang1–7 in serum and the mesenteric arteries of SHR. In the CIHH-treated SHR, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in serum and the mesenteric arteries, and IL-10 increased in serum (P &lt; 0.05–0.01). The microvessel tension results revealed that CIHH inhibited vascular contraction with decreased Ang1–7 in the mesenteric arteries of SHR (P &lt; 0.05–0.01). The staining results revealed that CIHH significantly improved vascular remodeling and fibrosis in SHR. The western blot results demonstrated that CIHH upregulated expression of the ACE2 and Mas proteins, and downregulated expression of the ACE and AT1 proteins (P &lt; 0.05–0.01).ConclusionCIHH decreased high blood pressure in SHR, possibly by inhibiting RAS activity, downregulating the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and upregulating the ACE2-(Ang1-7)-Mas axis, which resulted in antagonized vascular remodeling and fibrosis, reduced inflammation, and enhanced vascular relaxation.
Using Laboratory Investigations to Aid the Identification of Small Aromatic Molecules in Water-Containing Astrophysical Ices
Authors: Salter Tara L. , Stubbing James W. , Brigham Lorna , Brown Wendy A. 
Published: March 2021

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene are thought to play an important role as precursors to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated counterparts in a range of astrophysical environments. Benzene has been detected in two carbon rich objects and models have predicted that it could also be present in the interstellar medium (ISM). It has hence been speculated that small aromatic molecules are present in molecular clouds in the ISM, although they have not been detected to date. If they are present in the ISM, they are likely to exist in water-ice dominated icy mantles on the surface of dust grains.We present a laboratory study of benzene, toluene and two xylene isomers (ortho- and para-xylene) in the presence of water ice on a carbonaceous model dust grain surface (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, HOPG). Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) shows how the desorption of the molecules is affected by the presence of water ice. The importance of these data for astrophysical situations is demonstrated by the use of TPD-derived kinetic parameters to generate a simple model of desorption in dense molecular clouds on an astrophysical timescale. Since benzene, toluene and xylene have not been detected in water-dominated icy mantles to date, desorption has been simulated in a range of different water-containing environments to show the different behaviour expected depending on ice composition. The simulations demonstrate how future observations of aromatic molecules in dense molecular clouds at known temperatures could reveal which environments the molecules are in. Data from these experiments are also used to predict the behaviour of other, larger, aromatic molecules such as PAHs. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is also used to record the infrared spectra of the small molecules in different water ice configurations. These spectra can be used to aid identification of these icy aromatics in future observations, such as those that will be possible with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In all cases, spectra of mixed ices consisting of the aromatic molecule and amorphous water ice show evidence of interactions between the water ice and the aromatic species.
IMAT-IGRT Treatment with Simultaneous Integrated Boost as Dose Escalation for Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Single Institution, Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Lőcsei Zoltán , Sebestyén Klára , Sebestyén Zsolt , Fehér Eszter , Soltész Dorottya , Musch Zoltán , Mangel László Csaba 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:The aim of this study was to introduce the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique to assess the safety of replacement of the brachytherapy (BT) boost for ineligible patients with cervical cancer receiving radiochemotherapy (RCT).Methods:Fourteen patients were enrolled between 2015 and 2018. SIB was delivered using RapidArc technique at doses of 2.4 Gy per fraction during pelvic irradiation with 50.4/1.8 Gy in seven patients (to a total dose of 67.2 Gy) with limited volume disease. In 7 patients with a more advanced disease stage (&gt;5 cm tumor, parametric invasion both sides), parametric boost therapy was added to the pelvic radiotherapy to a total dose of the macroscopic tumor of 79.2 Gy. All patients received simultaneous cisplatin-based chemotherapy for 5 cycles with a dosage of 40 mg/m2. We examined acute toxicity (CTCAE v4.1) and quality of life (EORTC QLQ30 and CX24). The tumor regression rate was evaluated with RECIST 1.1 after the first 3- to 4-months follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. We calculated the percentage of tumor regression rate and the local control during the follow-up period and evaluated the survival data.Results:Our patient data are presented at a median follow-up time of 24.5 months. During the treatment period, no grade 3 to 4 toxicity was observed. During the follow-up period, no late-onset toxicity was observed. The tumor regression rate at the first MRI scan was 95.31% on average. Disease free survival (DFS) during the median follow-up of 24 months was 98.6%.Conclusion:In patients with cervical cancer, the SIB technique is amenable as part of definitive RCT. Dose escalation with the SIB technique can be safely administered to cervical cancer patients during definitive RCT if BT is not feasible. However, further randomized clinical studies are needed to validate the method, so routine use of it cannot be recommended yet.
Beneficios de un programa de reacondicionamiento físico y uso de mecanismos instrumentales sobre la mecánica ventilatoria del adulto mayor con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Authors: Heyden López Franklin 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar crónica está asociada a la debilidad de los músculos respiratorios que origina disnea y limitan la capacidad de ejercicio. Hay limitada evidencia a nivel nacional de los efectos de un programa de ejercicio y uso de mecanismos instrumentales en la mecánica pulmonar de las personas adultas mayores con problema pulmonar crónico. El propósito de este análisis fue conocer la efectividad de un programa de reacondicionamiento físico y uso de mecanismos instrumentales sobre la mecánica ventilatoria del adulto mayor con enfermedad pulmonar crónica. Metodología: se condujo un análisis observacional descriptivo de los efectos del Programa de Reacondicionamiento Físico del Adulto Mayor con Enfermedad Pulmonar Crónica (PRFAMEPC), el cual incluye el uso de varios mecanismos instrumentales, desarrollado en el Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, entre enero 2012 y mayo 2018. Se analizó el resultado de la mecánica pulmonar pre y post programa. Los resultados se expresan como promedio ± desviación estándar. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de t de student para medidas pareadas; también se hizo uso de la t de student para analizar por separado los grupos obstructivo y no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción. El nivel de significancia fue establecido en p≤0,05. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 21.0. Resultados: se reclutaron un total de 53 adultos mayores. Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -3,66; p<0,05) y resistencia (t= -2,80; p<0,05) de los músculos respiratorios de los participantes con problema pulmonar obstructivo y no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción. En los participantes con problema obstructivo se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -2.92; p<0,05) y la resistencia (t= -3,13; p<0,05) de los músculos respiratorios. En los participantes con problema no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -2.82; p<0,05) de los músculos. Conclusión: se concluye que en las personas adultas mayores con enfermedad pulmonar crónica el PRFAMEPC produjo mejoras en la fuerza y resistencia muscular respiratoria.
Antibiotic prescribing in UK out-of-hours primary care services: a realist-informed scoping review of training and guidelines for healthcare professionals
Authors: Alves Paula Gomes , Hayward Gail , Leydon Geraldine , Barnes Rebecca , Woods Catherine , Webb Joseph , Booker Matthew , Ireton Helen , Latter Sue , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Nicholls Clare-Louise , Stevenson Fiona 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAntibiotic overuse has contributed to antimicrobial resistance, which is a global public health problem. In the UK, despite the fall in rates of antibiotic prescription since 2013, prescribing levels remain high in comparison with other European countries. Prescribing in out-of-hours (OOH) care provides unique challenges for prudent prescribing, for which professionals may not be prepared.AimTo explore the guidance available to professionals on prescribing antibiotics for common infections in OOH primary care within the UK, with a focus on training resources, guidelines, and clinical recommendations.Design & settingA realist-informed scoping review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature.MethodThe review focused on antibiotic prescribing OOH (for example, clinical guidelines and training videos). General prescribing guidance was searched whenever OOH-focused resources were unavailable. Electronic databases and websites of national agencies and professional societies were searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Findings were organised according to realist review components, that is, mechanisms, contexts, and outcomes.ResultsIn total, 46 clinical guidelines and eight training resources were identified. Clinical guidelines targeted adults and children, and included recommendations on prescription strategy, spectrum of the antibiotic prescribed, communication with patients, treatment duration, and decision-making processes. No clinical guidelines or training resources focusing specifically on OOH were found.ConclusionThe results highlight a lack of knowledge about whether existing resources address the challenges faced by OOH antibiotic prescribers. Further research is needed to explore the training needs of OOH health professionals, and whether further OOH-focused resources need to be developed given the rates of antibiotic prescribing in this setting.
Desajuste ocupacional de los egresados universitarios:
Authors: Ortiz Chávez Miguel Ángel , Rodríguez Córdova Nuria Yanella , Rojas Quiroz Carlos Armando 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar el desajuste ocupacional de los recién egresados universitarios de carreras de Ciencias, Ingeniería, Matemáticas y Tecnología (CIMTEC) mediante el uso de la Encuesta Nacional de Egresados Universitarios y Universidades 2014. Teniendo en cuenta el grado de severidad, se distinguieron dos tipos de desajuste: desajuste leve y desajuste grave. En términos generales, el desajuste ocupacional llegó a representar al 60.7 por ciento de los recién egresados universitarios, siendo mayor en los trabajadores CIMTEC. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de ellos se encontraba en desajuste leve, a diferencia de los egresados no CIMTEC donde sucede el fenómeno contrario. Para evaluar los determinantes del desajuste se utilizó un modelo Logit Ordinal Generalizado Parcial (LOGP). Se determinó que las características de la familia y las condiciones en que fue recibida la Educación Superior inciden significativamente en la probabilidad de encontrarse en desajuste ocupacional.
THE EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AT SMK SWASTA YAPIM MEDAN
Authors: Pasaribu Ummi Kalsum 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe research objective was to find out the effect significantly from the implementation of the Metacognitive Strategy on reading comprehension of the students. The researchers formulated the research problem “Does Metacognitive strategy affect the students’ reading comprehension?”. In this research, The students of SMK Swasta Yapim Medan was chosen as the sample in this research.In this research, researchers applied the experimental research. This research was done by applying the experimental group (applying the Metacognitive Strategy) and in the controlled group (without applying the Metacognitive Strategy) by using quantitative approach. The sample used by the researchers in this study was 72 students. 35 students were chosen as the sample in the experimental group. From the data it was known that the total score of the students in the experimental group after conducting the post-test was 2,714. After that the researchers found out that the students’ mean score was 77.54. There were 37 students in controlled group. The total scores after doing the post-test session in the controlled group was 2.526. The mean score of the students was 68.27. The researchers found out the independent sample from the t-test. After that the researchers found out that the t-table was lower than the t-test (t-table = 3.563 < t-test = 7.693). Meanwhile it was found out that the significance (p) was 0.001. The significance showed that 0.001 < 0.005 (p < 0,005). After conducting the research done by the researchers, it was known from the data that H1 can be accepted and H0 is rejected. The research findings were significant because p<0.005. From the data of the result as explained above, the researchers gave a conclusion that after applying the Metacognitive Strategy on the students’ reading comprehension, it had significantly affected the reading comprehension of the students.Key Words: The Effect, The Metacognitive Strategy, The Reading Comprehension
Kompetensi, Pembinaan Karier dan Kinerja Auditor di Inspektorat Jenderal dan Perbendaharaan Instansi Kementerian Pertahanan
Authors: Hardiyatno Budi 
Published: March 2021

A B S T R A C T
Corruption in the government lead to questions about the performance of government auditors. General Inspectorate and the treasury ministry of defense agencies tasked with monitoring, controlling and monitoring the implementation of activities in the defense ministry. This study aims to investigate the influence of competence and career development on auditor performance. Based on the testing of 87 auditors obtained empirical evidence that the competence and career development affect the performance of the auditor. Future research can develop a model by adding other variables.
A B S T R A K
Perilaku korupsi di pemerintahan menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang kinerja auditor pemerintah. inspektorat jenderal dan perbendaharaan instansi kementerian pertahanan bertugas untuk melakukan pengawasan, pengendalian dan pemantauan pelaksanaan kegiatan di lingkungan kementerian pertahanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh kompetensi dan pembinaaan karir terhadap kinerja auditor. Berdasarkan pengujian pada 87 auditor diperoleh bukti empiris bahwa kompetensi dan pembinaan karir mempengaruhi kinerja auditor. Penelitian mendatang dapat mengembangkan model dengan menambahkan variabel lain.
JEL Classification: H83, M12
Pengaruh Earning per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, Suku Bunga dan Inflasi terhadap Price to Book Value pada Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Reni Cusyana Silvi , Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The research objective is to prove and explain the effect of earnings per share, debt to equity ratio, interest rates and inflation on the price to book value (corporate banking in Indonesia in 2007-2012. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling. The data required in research this is obtained of Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD), Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and Bank Indonesia (BI). the method of data analysis used is multiple linear regression. the study concluded that there is influence of earning per share, debt to equity ratio, interest interest and inflation to price to book value in banking in Indonesia Stock Exchange.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan dan menjelaskan pengaruh earning per share, debt to equity ratio, suku bunga dan inflasi terhadap price to book value (perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia tahun 2007-2012. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD), Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan Bank Indonesia (BI). Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh Earning per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, Suku Bunga dan Inflasi terhadap Price to Book Value pada Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
JEL Classification: H83, M12
Pertumbuhan Arus Kas, Pertumbuhan Laba, Inflasi, Suku Bunga, Nilai Kurs dan Return Saham pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Abror Moh. , Sadeli Dadang 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The study aims to analyze the effect of cashflow growth, earning growth, inflation, interest rates and exchange rates to stock return BUMN. The sample selection is done by using purposive sampling method. Acquired a total sample of 15 companies of 19 state-owned companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2009 - 2012. This study used multiple linear regression analysis techniques to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, there were no variables that deviated of the classical assumption, it indicates that the available data are qualified to use a multiple linear regression model. The results showed that the growth in cash flow, earnings growth, interest rates and exchange rates had no significant effect on stock returns. The study able to show that the interest rate significant positive effect on stock returns.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan arus kas, pertumbuhan laba, inflasi, suku bunga dan nilai kurs terhadap return saham BUMN. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling method. Diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 perusahaan dari 19 perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2009 – 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisa regresi linear berganda untuk menguji pengaruh variable independen terhadap variable dependen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tidak ditemukan variabel yang menyimpang dari asumsi klasik, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa data yang tersedia telah memenuhi syarat untuk menggunakan model persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan arus kas, pertumbuhan laba, suku bunga dan nilai kurs tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Penelitian berhasil membuktikan bahwa suku bunga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap return saham BUMN.
JEL Classification: G14, G30