bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil Spill Response Planning in Cold and Warm Water Environments
Authors: Wegeberg Susse , Fritt-Rasmussen Janne , Gustavson Kim , Wenning Richard J , Bock Michael 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The priorities for oil spill response (OSR) are to protect people, prevent or mitigate environmental damages, and minimize the long-term impacts. Several analytic approaches have emerged in the field of spill impact mitigation assessment (SIMA), a science-based framework evolved from net environmental benefits analysis (NEBA), to broaden the focus from consideration of mitigation of ecological impact to also include socioeconomic and cultural impact considerations. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), a comparative risk assessment (CRA) decision-support tool was developed for identifying and comparing the ecological consequences of different oil spill response technologies in temperate/sub-tropical deep water, including the use of subsea dispersants. Another analytic assessment tool, Environment & Oil Spill Response (EOS), was developed based on offshore western Greenland and the Baltic Sea to assist in selection of oil spill response options that best mitigate the consequences of spilled oil in polar / sub-polar aquatic ecosystems in the Nordic region. In this work, we briefly review the CRA and EOS tools and highlight the shared and unique attributes of both assessment frameworks and how ecological, environmental and oil chemistry characteristics are handled in contrasting climatic and ecosystem conditions.
Ship-Source Spills – it's More Than Just Oil
Authors: Fear Lauren , Soares Duarte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For over 50 years, ITOPF has attended on-site at marine spills worldwide on behalf of the shipping industry. ITOPF staff have provided objective technical advice at over 800 incidents in 100 countries, gaining unparalleled insight into changing trends in ship-source pollution. Spills of oil were originally the focus of ITOPF's activities, initially from tankers and later from a wide range of ships. Over time, there has been a dramatic and sustained reduction in both the number of oil spills and the quantity of oil spilt from tankers, as ITOPF's statistics demonstrate. Though spills of oil cargoes and bunker fuel remain at the core of ITOPF's work, its activities have expanded in recent years to include other pollutants, such as vegetable oils, hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals, coal, foodstuffs, plastics and the myriad of other products transported in container ships. Almost two thirds of the incidents ITOPF attends now involve non-tankers and in the past 20 years, 14% of all attended incident involved products or substances other than, or in addition to, oil.
Oil spill events can cause environmental damage and typically attract considerable media attention. However, other marine pollutants also have the potential to cause environmental damage and pose significant challenges for responders. This paper draws on ITOPF's first-hand experience to examine some of the recent trends in spill response, using case histories to highlight key issues involved with the response of spills of assorted oils and cargoes at sea.
Field experiments to operationalize in situ burning as a response method in Norwegian waters
Authors: Jensen Hans V. , Holbu Jan Willie , Holt Hanne Solem , Faksness Liv-Guri 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
NOFO (Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies) and NCA (Norwegian Coastal Administration) are cooperating closely to operationalize in situ burning as a response method in Norwegian waters. After introductory experiments during Oil on water 2016 together with S. L. Ross and SINTEF, NOFO and NCA have conducted in situ burn experiments in fire booms during Oil on water 2018 and 2019. These experiments included use of net to capture burn residue, igniters to start the fire when dropped from a multicopter drone, use of sensor packages from multicopter drones to monitor fire gases and soot in various parts of the smoke plume, and finally personnel in work boats taking surface samples and operating sensors to identify gases that might be hazardous to people. Both crude oil and fuel oils were burned, approximately 6 m3 for each burn. To our knowledge such field experiments have not been carried out before. The presentation will focus on operational aspects including photos and video footage, but also refer some findings from sensors and samples that might be hazardous to the environment as well as personnel.
Subsea Mechanical Dispersion (SSMD) a Possible New Option for the Oil Spill Response Toolbox?
Authors: Brandvik Per Johan , Krause Daniel F. , Leirvik Frode , Daling Per S. , Owens Zach , Gilman Lindsey , Yun B. Min , Ahnell Arden , Carlsen Torleif , Koranek Michal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The size distribution of oil droplets formed in subsea oil and gas blowouts is known to have a strong impact on their subsequent fate in the environment. Small droplets have low rising velocities, are more influenced by oceanographic turbulence and have larger potential for natural biodegradation. Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) is an established method for achieving this goal, lowering the interfacial tension between the oil and water and significantly reducing oil droplet size. However, despite its many advantages, the use of SSDI could be limited both by logistical constraints and legislative restrictions. Adding to the toolkit a method to achieve subsea dispersion, without the use of chemicals, would therefore enhance oil spill response capability. This option is called Subsea Mechanical Dispersion (SSMD).
An extensive feasibility study on SSMD has been performed and the main findings are reported in this paper. The work was initiated by BP in 2015 and later followed up by a consortium of Equinor, Total Norge, Aker BP and Lundin. The first phase explored multiple principles of generating subsea dispersions (ultrasonic, mechanical shear forces and water jetting) through both laboratory experiments and modelling. These studies clearly indicate that SSMD has an operational potential to significantly reduce oil droplet sizes from a subsea release and influence the fate and behaviour of the released oil volume.
The recent work reported in this paper on operationalisation, upscaling and large-scale testing of subsea water jetting. This work is performed by SINTEF in close cooperation with Exponent (computational fluid dynamics and shear stress modelling) and Oceaneering (operationalisation and full-scale prototyping).
Brazilian Regulation on Oil Spill: The Need of Review
Authors: Possobon Rodrigo Zapelini , Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane , Pereira Anna Carolina Silva , Xavier Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Brazilian oil spill response main regulation has been under a major review for the last couple of years. The origins of this regulation date back to the year 2000, when two accidents of great relevance happened: the Guanabara Bay and the Iguaçu River oil spills. These two accidents quickened the promulgation of the first version of this regulation, an adaptation of the USA framework for facilities transferring oil or hazardous material in bulk (33 CFR part 154). The major changes made during this adaptation to the Brazilian laws were: 01) The scope has been expanded to cover not only transferring coastal facilities, like ports and Abstract number oil terminals, but also oil rigs, offshore oil production units, pipelines and refineries. In a later revision other facilities were included: marinas, onshore oil rigs, shipyards and nautical clubs; 02) The response resources could only be provided by the owner of the facility, which has restrained the potential benefits of a shared capability approach like, for example, a specialized response company or association that could support several facilities in a region;
In practice, the application of the same ground rule for inland, coastal and offshore facilities resulted in several distortions, like a dominance of the mechanical removal technique over other response techniques. This also resulted in the application of response time requirements designed for oil terminals to offshore facilities, resulting in an oversized dedicated oil spill response fleet. In addition, this rule is inadequate to linear spill sources, like marine pipelines, and inland facilities, like refineries.
Finally, because of the aforementioned distortions and also some lack of technical guidance for relevant topics, like coastal protection, oil trajectory forecasting modelling, wildlife response planning, among others, several different interpretations of the national regulation have arrived from different levels of governmental agencies. This not only allowed for distinct requirements over time from a same agency but also created confusion when comparing the response capabilities of similar installations from different regions of Brazil.
Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the improvements proposed by the Oil and Gas producers to review the Brazilian regulation. It aims at presenting the key elements and references used in the review process and the predicted response structure that could arise in order to improve Brazil's environmental safety after the new regulation is in force.
Meaningful Engagement: Improving and Expanding Tribal Engagement in Federal Emergency Response in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: McLelland Chrystin , Kennard Haley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The Northwest Region (the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho) of the United States is home to 43 federally recognized treaty Tribes, who are resource co-managers within their traditional territories and have both decision-making power and sovereign legal rights. There is also a significant refinement and transportation of petroleum products (by rail, pipeline, and vessel) within this area and in our transboundary waters. In Washington alone, more than 20 billion gallons are moved through and across the state on an annual basis. The Northwest Area Committee (NWAC) and Region 10 Regional Response Team (RRT10), the federally mandated bodies which conduct oil pollution and hazardous materials spill response planning, are therefore robust and very active. Within the last decade, tribal engagement in the NWAC and RRT10 has expanded significantly; the RRT10 now has three official tribal members, and the NWAC has supported a Tribal Engagement Task Force for the past four years and is currently looking at transitioning it to a longer-term and more permanent sub-committee strategy. This presentation will discuss the following pieces of the efforts towards tribal engagement in the NWAC/RRT10: 1) The evolution of tribal engagement in the RRT10/NWAC and lessons learned from this process 2) A case study of the unique experience of the Makah Tribe's engagement with the greater response community including both becoming the first tribal member of the NWAC/RRT10 and the development of their memorandum of agreement with the US Coast Guard, and 3) Results from the 2019 Tribal Engagement Task Force's tribal feedback survey (sent out to all Tribes in the region) to identify barriers and strategies for improved meaningful tribal engagement. This reflects the commitment of the NWAC/RRT10 to improving tribal engagement by understanding; the results can not only inform partners in other regions but will inform the next phase of the NWAC/RRT10's approach to tribal engagement. The Northwest Area model for tribal engagement in oil spill planning, preparedness, and response is an important precedent for national and international engagement with Indigenous peoples in this arena.
Building an Elite Force of Spill Responders in a World with Few Spill Response Opportunities
Authors: Bowles Joe , Dulisse Carmine 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
As the performance of Industry improves and spills decrease, SMTs, OSROs, Regulators, and Oil and Gas Operators are all facing a lack of direct experience and knowledge when it comes to spill response. The recruiting and grooming of elite Responders for a large response organization is further challenged by a tight labor market that is increasingly occupied by a generation that demands accelerated advancement and growth. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) is taking a new approach to identify, develop and retain Responder competencies and proficiencies, and to offer a career/development path in the absence of actual incidents.
The first element of this program provides a clear path for professional growth to satisfy the growing desire for advancement by replacing a time-based promotion system with one that is focused on performance. The second element requires a consistent methodology and framework of evaluation to ensure employees in a nationwide organization are measured and evaluated using the same standards. Replacing the focus on hard skills with soft skills during talent acquisition “fit factor” when hiring new Responders sets the tone for growth. The hard skills are easier to teach and develop, while soft skills like learning curiosity, collaboration, effective communication, problem solving, and decision making are the differentiators that shape an elite Responder.
Removing the emphasis on spill experience and replacing it with well-defined competency models that define abilities which can be demonstrated outside of spill incidents is essential to fostering professional growth in a Responder. These competencies include the technical skills that are required by each position and emphasize leadership abilities, teamwork, and commitment. Metrics and expectations must be defined at the right level of detail to provide Responders with the opportunity during steady state operations to demonstrate abilities in a variety of scenarios that mirror those needed in spill response.
Desulfitisporia class. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fi.ti.spo'ri.a. N.L. neut. pl. n.
Desulfitisporia
the class of the type order
Desulfitisporales
.

“Firmicutes B” / Desulfitisporia class. nov.

The class
Desulfitisporia
forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage in the phylum “
Firmicutes
B” and includes obligately anaerobic haloalkaliphilic sulfidogenic bacteria with respiratory metabolism. Currently, it consists of a single order
Desulfitisporales
, family
Desulfitisporaceae,
and genus
Desulfitispora
.
Dickeya
Authors: Coutinho Teresa A , Shin Gi Yoon , van der Waals Jacquie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Dic.key'a. N.L. fem. n.
Dickeya
, after the American phytopathologist Robert S. Dickey, for his contribution to research on the
Erwinia chrysanthemi
complex.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Erwiniaceae / Dickeya

Cells of the genus
Dickeya
are Gram‐negative rods with rounded ends, which mostly occur alone or in pairs and sometimes in chains. Cells are usually motile by means of peritrichous flagella. They are facultatively anaerobic, catabolize glucose by a fermentative pathway, and reduce nitrates to nitrites. Cells are pectinolytic, produce indole, and grow between 10 and 40°C. Produce acetoin and butanediol. They catabolize
d
‐galacturonic acid,
l
‐arabinose,
d
‐malate, malonate,
d
‐mannose, mucate, pectin, and saccharate. They do not catabolize
d
‐trehalose, methyl α‐glucoside,
d
‐arabitol, or sorbitol. The DNA G + C content is 56.4–59.5 mol% (
T
m
and genome analyses). The major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. The known habitats are rivers, lakes, and as pathogenic bacteria in a wide range of host plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.4–59.5 (
T
m
and genome analysis).

Type species
:
Dickeya chrysanthemi
Samson et al. 2005
VP
(basonym:
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Burkholder et al. 1953
AL
).
Lacipirellula
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

La.ci.pi.rel'lu.la. L. masc. n.
lacus
lake; N.L. fem. n.
Pirellula
a bacterial genus; N.L. fem. n.
Lacipirellula
a lake‐dwelling
Pirellula
.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Lacipirellulaceae / Lacipirellula

The genus
Lacipirellula
is represented by budding bacteria with Gram‐stain‐negative, ellipsoidal‐ or pear‐shaped, and nonpigmented cells that occur singly, in pairs, in small rosettes, or in aggregates. Daughter cells are motile, while mature cells are nonmotile. Free cell poles are covered with crateriform pits. Stalks are not formed. Members of the genus are mesophilic chemoorganotrophs, which utilize mono‐ or oligomeric sugars and some polysaccharides, organic acids, and polyalcohols. The described representatives display aerobic, microaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic lifestyles. Anaerobic growth occurs by means of fermentation. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:1
ω9
c
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. The genus belongs to the phylum
Planctomycetes
, class
Planctomycetia,
order
Pirellulales
, and family
Lacipirellulaceae
. The type species is
Lacipirellula parvula
. Representatives of this genus colonize various freshwater habitats.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 61.7–62.0 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Lacipirellula parvula
Dedysh et al. 2020, VL193.
Applying inhibitory control theories to shoot/don't‐shoot decisions
Authors: Biggs Adam T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInhibitory control has been identified as a prominent factor in shoot/don't‐shoot errors. Although emerging evidence continues to support this relationship, there is critical nuance and depth that can significantly alter this connection between a cognitive capability and a critical real‐world application. For example, presenting shoot/don't‐shoot decisions in go/no‐go laboratory paradigms inherently makes several use‐of‐force assumptions. The current discussion will explore the primary issues surrounding this relationship, including the practical and cognitive assumptions made in a shoot/don't‐shoot paradigm. Prominent ideas and theories of inhibitory control will be interpreted within a shoot/don't‐shoot scenario to further explore the boundaries of this connection. Empirical evidence supporting this link will also be examined, and finally, several areas for future research will be identified. Taken together, this review will synthesize the current understanding about any connection between inhibitory control and lethal force errors while highlighting several productive areas for further investigations.
Sacrificial Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Inorganic Nanosheets with High‐Loading Single‐Atom Catalysts: A General Approach
Authors: Shin Hamin , Ko Jaehyun , Park Chungseong , Kim Dong‐Ha , Ahn Jaewan , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Yoon Hwa , Cho Su‐Ho , Baik Hionsuck , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) supported on inorganic materials have attracted much attention in numerous research fields for their high catalytic performance. However, such SACs have been limited by the low metal loading, especially on different types of inorganic supports. Herein, a general approach is presented for preparing SACs on metallic, metal oxide, and perovskite nanosheet (NS) supports to reach a high metal loading of up to 3.94 wt%, by utilizing N‐doped graphene as a sacrificial template that spatially confines the single atoms (SAs). Specifically, the target support material precursors are adsorbed onto the SAs‐stabilized sacrificial template, followed by subsequent heat treatment to transfer the SAs to the support material and to remove the graphene layer. Pt SAs on oxide support exhibits little to no aggregation throughout >10 000 min of annealing at 275 °C, demonstrating high thermal stability, as also supported by ex situ post‐anneal electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure studies. As a proof‐of‐concept, Pt SACs on SnO2 NSs exhibit high catalytic activity toward chemiresistive sensing of acetone gas (response = 95.4 at 10 ppm, 7.6‐fold enhancement compared with pristine SnO2 NSs) and unprecedented stability under highly humid conditions (27.4% response deterioration at 95% relative humidity).
Assessment of peri‐urban livestock producers’ willingness to pay for improved forages as cash crops
Authors: Ouédraogo Adama , Zampaligré Nouhoun , Mulubrhan Balehegn , Adesogan Adegbola T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAvailability of quality feed is a major constraint for livestock production in Burkina Faso. Despite previous efforts to test improved forages at research stations to overcome the dry‐season feed gap, little has been done to promote them as cash crops that can contribute to meeting the growing feed demand in the country. This study was undertaken to evaluate the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved forage by livestock producers in the peri‐urban livestock production systems of Burkina Faso. A total of 202 livestock producers were interviewed using semi‐structured questionnaires. The contingent valuation method and Tobit econometric model were used to analyze the survey data. Exactly 79% of the interviewed livestock producers were willing to pay for improved forages for their livestock. Key factors that significantly affect this decision were the price of cottonseed cakes used as supplemental feed (P = .001), farmers’ knowledge about improved forage crops (P = .001), farmers’ ethnicity (P = .05), and farmers’ practice of daily grazing and transhumance (P = .01). The estimated WTP for improved forage as a cash crop was US$0.32 kg–1 for all livestock producers and $0.58 kg–1 for those who only expressed a positive WTP. The positive WTP for improved forages and factors affecting that decision suggest that producing improved forages is a viable alternative to expensive cottonseed cakes and the practice of transhumance to overcome the dry‐season feed gap. Therefore, dissemination of improved forages is recommended to market‐oriented crop farmers to meet the growing feed demand in Burkina Faso.
Water soluble porphyrin‐Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and chemosensor properties
Authors: Gungor Seyit Ali , Tumer Mehmet , Tumer Ferhan , Kose Muhammet , Gungor Ozge , Purtas Savas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐tris(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin trisodium salt was reacted with 4‐R‐2,6‐diformyl phenol (R: ‐Me, ‐Et or ‐tbutyl) to obtain dimeric porphyrin‐Schiff base ligands as their sodium salts [Na6(H5L1)‐Na6(H5L3). The Mn3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ complexes of the water‐soluble porphyrin‐Schiff base ligands were also prepared, and their structures were characterized by the spectroscopic and analytical methods. The ligands exhibited H or J‐aggregates with the change in pH. The water‐soluble ligands showed reversible diffusion‐controlled redox processes involving the π‐ring system of the porphyrin. The chemosensor properties of the ligands Na6(H5L1)‐Na6(H5L3) towards cations or anions were studied by colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Na6(H5L1) showed selective sensing abilities towards SO42− and Cu2+, while Na6(H5L3) has selectivity for I−, Ag+, and Co2+ ions. The ligands were also tested as a fluorimetric probes for the detection of nitro‐aromatic compounds [nitrobenzene (NB), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP)]. Na6(H5L2) exhibits selective and sensitive sensing abilities for nitrobenzene with high quenching constants (Ksv = 3.80 × 106 M−1) and low detection limit (LOD = 0.0091 μM).