bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El ecoturismo. Un modo nuevo de ver el Turismo
Authors: Africano Castillo Ana María 
Published: August 2021

En nuestro bello país, Colombia, el turismo convencional ha prevalecido por muchos años, en muchos casos solamente disfrutamos del paisaje artificial a locual estamos dejando a un lado la manera de apreciar los recursos naturales, sentirnos parte del páramo, del bosque, de las montañas, de las bahías; sentir elagua, las plantas, la tierra y toda esa riqueza natural que es la vida de nuestro planeta. Infortunadamente, en años recientes todos aquellos cambios sociales,económicos, y ambientales entre ellos la grave contaminación que afecta nuestro entorno ha ido haciendo menos atractiva esta actividad. Por lo tanto, resulta indispensable respetar los elementos que forman parte del paisaje.
Microscopia de fuerza atómica: técnica, equipo y aplicaciones
Authors: Sandoval Santiago 
Published: August 2021

Uno de los principales métodos de caracterización de superficies y películas delgadas es el de la microscopía de fuerza atómica, el cual permite obtener la morfología de la superficie desde el rango de los micrómetros y armstrong donde pueden hacerse medidas de tamaño de grano y rugosidad de la superficie, aún bajo ciertas condiciones especiales, el nivel atómico de especial interés en el campo de la nanotecnología. Se hace una introducción a la técnica, se describe su electrónica y funcionamiento. Se amplía el tema de los "cantilevers" y las puntas del equipo, describiendo su estructura, la resolución y la curva de fuerzas debida a las interatómicas implicadas en especial la fuerza de Vander Waals. También se describen algunas de las aplicaciones de la microscopía de fuerza atómica, que permiten obtener mayor información de la superficie, tales como sus propiedades magnéticas, eléctricas y su dureza. Palabras clave: microscopía de fuerza atómica, cantiléver, punta AFM, nanotecnología.
Nuevos estudios de citogenética convencional al servicio de pacientes del departamento de Boyacá.
Authors: Vergara Estupiñán Edwin Javier , Forero Castro Ruth Maribel 
Published: August 2021

La citogenética convencional permite diagnosticar anomalías cromosómicas numéricas y estructurales, ya que aportan en el diagnóstico de múltiples patologías. Este ensayo pretende rescatar los estudios de citogenética convencional que se han puesto al servicio de la población boyacense y que han sido adelantados por el Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Biología Molecular (GEBIMOL). Estudios interdisciplinarios adelantados por Sánchez y Corredor (2010) y Vergara (2011) abordaron citogenéticamente la esquizofrenia y el síndrome de Down respectivamente, beneficiando a 25 pacientes, pues los diagnósticos e interconsultas no tuvieron ningún costo para dichos pacientes, además se logró fortalecer el estudio de estas patologías desde la citogenética en el departamento
de Boyacá.
Pengembangan LKPD Kimia Berbasis Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) Materi Laju Reaksi
Authors: Pranowo Muhammad Iqbal , Linda Roza , Haryati Sri 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan desain Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Model pengembangan ADDIE memiliki lima tahapan yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap pengembangan, Tahap Implementation (Implementasi) tidak dilakukan karena tujuan penelitian dibatasi sampai dengan didapatkan produk LKPD yang layak/valid berdasarkan aspek kelayakan isi, karakteristik SETS, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan melalui penilaian oleh validator. Data berupa penilaian dan saran oleh tim validator, responden guru dan peserta didik. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh nilai validasi dengan skor 91,19%. Skor respon pengguna oleh guru dan peserta didik masing-masing adalah 90,38% dan 90,1% dengan kriteria sangat baik.
Kata kunci: Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik, Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS), ADDIE, Laju Reaksi
Wavelet Kernel Least Squares Twin Support Vector Regression for Wind Speed Prediction
Authors: Hazarika Barenya Bikash , Gupta Deepak , Natarajan Narayanan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wind energy is a potent yet freely available renewable energy. It is essential to estimate the wind speed (WS)precisely to makeaprecise estimation of wind power at wind power generating stations.Generally, the WS data is non-stationary. Wavelets have the potential to deal with the non-stationarilyindatasets. On the other hand, the prediction ability of primal least square support vector regression (PLSTSVR) has never been tested to best of our knowledge for WS prediction. Hence, in this work, wavelet kernel-based LSTSVR models are proposed for WS prediction. They are Morlet wavelet kernel LSTSVR and Mexican Hat wavelet kernel LSTSVR.HourlyWS data are collected from four different stations namely Chennai, Madurai, Salem and Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu, India. The performance of the proposed models isevaluated using root mean square, mean absolute, symmetric mean absolute percentage, mean absolute scaled error and R2. The results of the proposed models are compared with twin support vector regression (TSVR), PLSTSVR and large-margin distribution machine-based regression (LDMR). Based on the results of the performance indicators, the performance of the proposed models is better when compared to other models.
Concept Analysis of Caring Thinking in Iranian Nurses: A Hybrid Model
Authors: nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Samadi Nasrin , Vakili Jafar , Pakfar Zanyar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The concept of caring thinking has been utilized in nursing, and although it has been deﬁned and evaluated using a variety of methods, yet it remains an abstract concept in nursing practice. This paper presents a concept analysis to deﬁne and clarify the concept of caring thinking to provide a deeper understanding of how caring thinking can be incorporated into nursing. Therefore, the present study is carried out for the purpose of defining and clarifying its concept in the nursing profession.Methods: This study used a hybrid model of concept analysis comprising three phases, namely a theoretical phase, field work phase, and a final analysis phase. To find relevant literature, electronic search of valid databases was utilized using keywords related to the concept of caring thinking. Field work data were collected over a 10-month time period from 2017 to 2018. In the field work phase, in-depth interviews were performed with 10 nurses and academic nurse. The conventional content analysis was used in two theoretical and field work phases, and the results were combined in the final analysis phase. Results: The 4 main themes extracted included “Correct thinking”, “Responsibility”, “Professional commitment”, and “Ethical thinking” and the final definition of the concept was presented.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that clarifying the concept of Caring thinking leads to better understanding and common perception of this concept and helps nurses to exhibit caring thinking and provide quality care. Caring thinking arranges the systematic approach to and practice of behaviors. Actually, caring thinking is form of thinking contributing to correct thinking. Therefore, the results of this study have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research.
Climate Change Projections of Temperature and Precipitation in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkey by using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Statistical Downscaling Method
Authors: NACAR Sinan , KANKAL Murat , OKKAN Umut 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Climate change has recently become one of the most important issue discussed by scientists around the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible effects of climate change on temperature and precipitation variables, which are among the most major climate variables in terms of their environmental and economic impact for the rainiest region of Turkey. General circulation models (GCMs) under different emission scenarios are widely used in determining possible changes in the climate system. However, the coarse resolutions of these models are unsuitable for the climate impact/adaptation studies at basin scale. In this paper, the future monthly mean temperature and precipitation for 12 station in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkey were projected for three periods 2030s (2021–2050), 2060s (2051–2080), and 2090s (2081–2100) from the three GCMs, namely CNRM-CM5.1, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR, under RCP4.5 (optimistic) and RCP8.5 (pessimistic) scenarios using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) statistical downscaling method. The statistical downscaling models were set up between the 12 potential predictor, obtained from ERA-Interim reanalysis data set, and the local station data. For evaluating and the performance of the downscaling models four performance statistics namely root means square error, scatter index, mean absolute error, and the Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency, were used. Thereafter, the calibrated and validated models were applied to downscale future scenarios of the GCMs. The results obtained from the study proved that the downscale temperature and precipitation values correlated well with the observation values for the training (1981–2004) and test (2005–2010) periods. An average increase of 2.5 and 2.0°C is foreseen according to the optimistic scenario and an average increase of 3.5 and 3.0°C is foreseen according to the pessimistic scenario in the southern and northern parts of the basin, respectively. As to precipitation, a decrease is expected in the southern part of the basin but a significant increase is expected especially in spring at the stations located in the western and coastal parts of the basin.
Association Between Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Diabetic Retinopathy in Korean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Gyu Chul , Ki You-Jeong , Park Kyung Woo , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In a previous study, we demonstrated a plausible mechanism how DPP4 inhibitors may cause accumulation of stroma derived factor-1 (SDF1) in ischemic retina, leading to vascular permeability and diabetic retinopathy (DR). We sought to investigate the association of DPP4 inhibitors with DR in patients using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data.
METHODS

This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study using the Korean NHIS database. The Korean NHIS is a government-run, mandatory medical insurance service and keeps records of patient sociodemographic data, inpatient and outpatient medical services and prescriptions. The database consists of records from the entire Korean, totaling 51 million people, regardless of the medical institution from which they received service.
RESULTS

Among the total study population, 26.0% (152,149 of 585,191) received prescriptions of DPP4 inhibitors. The incidence of DR in the DPP4 inhibitor group was 55.03 per 1,000 person-years (PPY), compared to 50.17 PPY in the non-DPP4 group (P < 0.001). Patients prescribed with DPP4 inhibitors as second-line therapy had a 9% increased risk of developing DR compared to those on other medications after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and duration of disease (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.11, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS

In Korean T2DM patients that received second line oral hypoglycemic agents, DPP4 inhibitor prescription was associated with a higher risk of newly-developed DR, suggesting that the effect of DPP4 inhibitors on vascular permeability and neovascularization may have clinical implications.
Trends in Faecal Calprotectin Levels During Pregnancy in Non-IBD Patients
Authors: Doherty Jayne , Moore Rebecca , Kivlehan Clodagh , Byrne David F , Yelverton Cara A , Twomey Patrick , Cullen Garret , McAuliffe Fionnuala 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims:

No optimal marker exists to assess activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy, though faecal calprotectin (FCP) is the most commonly used test. However minimal data exists on what a normal calprotectin level is during pregnancy and post-partum in healthy individuals.
Objective:

Our aim is to determine normal FCP levels during pregnancy and post-partum in a healthy population.
Methods:

We performed a prospective analysis of FCP levels from pregnant women at 16- and 34-weeks’ gestation and 4- and 12-weeks post-partum. Patient demographics were collected. FCP concentrations were measured with a quantitative ELISA assay.
Results:

98 patients were included in our study. 172 maternal stool samples were collected in total; 62 samples at 16-weeks’ gestation, 48 samples at 34-weeks’ gestation, 38 samples from 4-weeks post-partum and 24 samples from 12-weeks post-partum. Median age was 33.0 years. 41 patients had a BMI > 25 (41.8%). 16 patients were ex-smokers (16.3 %). The median FCP levels at 16-weeks’ gestation was 29.5 µg/g (range 10–476 µg/g), median level from 34-weeks’ gestation was 25.6 µg/g (range 10–259 µg/g), from 4-weeks post-partum was 23.4 µg/g (range 10–318 µg/g) and 12-weeks post-partum was 29.4 µg/g (range 10–216 µg/g). There was no significant change in median FCP levels over the course of pregnancy and post-partum (p = 0.294).
Conclusion:

Faecal calprotectin levels are not affected by physiological changes in pregnancy or post-partum in normal healthy individuals without IBD. This suggests FCP is a useful tool for identifying flares of colitis during pregnancy.
Development and Characterization of 135 SNP Markers in Chiton Acanthochitona Rubrolineatus
Authors: zhang Jirui , Song Yunqi , Wang Chenghong , Zhang Shukui , Jiang Zilin , Ni Yan , Qu Ying , Sun Donghui , Wu Sen , Xing Zhikai , Wang Lijun , Qu Jiangyong , Wang Xumin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Acanthochitona rubrolineatus (Lischke, 1873) (Polyplacophora, Neoloricata, Cryptoplacidae) is an important species widely distributed in the middle and low tide zone of coastal intertidal zone along the China Sea coast. In recent years, the serious pollution of seawater has caused a sharp decline in the number of wild populations of A. rubrolineatus. Lacking of effective molecular markers limits the effective protection and management of this species. Studies for the isolation and characterization of 135 A. rubrolineatus SNPs markers were carried out. The frequency of minor allele ranges from 0.0125 to 0.5000. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity are 0.0000-0.9750, 0.0731-0.6696, respectively. The inbreeding value varies from -0.2902 to 0.9966. Among them, there are 27 sites markablely differently from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The study of the polymorphic SNPs will provide a therotical basis for further analysis of population genetic analysis on A. rubrolineatus.
Surveillance Data Analysis of Typhoid Fever in Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia (2015 - 2019)
Authors: Yemata Getaneh Atikilt , Yenew Chalachew , Mamuye Melkalem , Tiruneh Mulu , Assfaw Tiagabinesh , Mulatu Sileshi , Sisay Ermias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTyphoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe and it is a serious illness in developing countries. Typhoid fever is prevalent in Ethiopia and the burden differs with diverse demography, environment, and climate. Efficient evidence concerning the trend of typhoid fever is important for targeted intervention in the catchment area. So, ongoing analysis of surveillance data is vital but there is no data regarding typhoid fever trend and distribution in the study area. The study aimed to determine the proportion of typhoid fever cases by person, district, and time ,and to assess the mortality rate of typhoid fever. MethodDescriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among monthly reported typhoid fever surveillance data of 5 years (2015-2019) in Jimma Zone. The data were retrieved, analyzed, and interpreted from May 20/2019 to June 7/ 2019. The study population is estimated to be 3425206. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. ResultA total of 36641 typhoid fever cases were reported. The total prevalence rate during the five years was 24 cases per10,000 residents. The disease mostly occurred in March with these 7200(20%) reported during the period. The majority of the investigated cases were identified in Qarsa woreda 4476(12.2%), Followed by Gomma 4075(11.1%) and Mana 3267 (8.9%) wereda. 159 (0.4%) of the reported cases were admitted and the majority 60 (37.7%) were from Gumay wereda but there was no death from all wereda in the five years. Conclusion and RecommendationTyphoid fever was a major public health problem in the Jimma zone for the last 5 years. The highest incidence of typhoid fever cases was reported at the end of the dry season particularly in March and the distribution of cases was positively skewed to Qarsa, Gomma, and Mana wereda among the surveillance areas. Zonal health departments should strengthen the interventions focused on the wereda that had a high burden of typhoid fever at the end of the dry season.
Pesticides Residues in Blood Serum and Their Adverse Effects on Multi- Biomarkers in Occupationally Exposed Greenhouse Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hamadan City, Iran
Authors: Leili Mostafa , Khosrowshahi Abolfazl Ghafouri , Poorolajal Jalal , Samiee Fateme , Samadi Mohammad Taghi , Bahrami Abdulrahman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cultivation of greenhouse crops is the most severe form of crop production in Iran, and vast quantities of unreasonable pesticides are being utilized to control pests. The residual level of blood pesticides and its correlation with multi- biomarkers were determined to evaluate the adverse health consequences on greenhouse workers in the Hamdan city of Iran. Participants were 180 adult males, including 90 greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides and 90 control individuals. The residue analyses revealed that 64 out of the 90 workers had residues of dichlorvos, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos in their blood serum; and 56.25% out of these workers were exposed for > 15 years period. The residues of all three pesticides were higher than the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) in all the exposure duration categories. Comparisons of hematological parameters showed that mean monocyte (P < 0.001), lymphocyte (P < 0.001) and platelet counts (P = 0.001), mean platelet volume (P = 0.002), and plateletcrit (PCT) (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in workers than in controls, whereas hemoglobin (HB) (P = 0.028), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) (P < 0.001) were lower in workers than controls. These results show that exposure to different pesticides was associated with alterations in some biochemical and hematological parameters. Prevention and intervention programs can be effective in eliminating pesticide-related alterations among agricultural workers.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats: A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Patel Parmi , Shah Jigna Samir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A multifaceted treatment approach can be effective for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, currently, it involves only symptomatic treatment with cholinergic drugs. Beneficial effects of high vitamin D levels or its intake in the prevention and treatment of cognitive disorders have been reported. Thus, the present study examined the preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on AD progression and evaluated its impact on the accumulation or degradation of Aβ plaques. Methods: A single intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was used to induce AD in rats. Treatment of vitamin D was provided for 21 days after the injection. Various behavioral parameters like learning, spatial memory and exploratory behavior, biochemical alterations in the brain homogenate and histology of the hippocampus were investigated. Results: Our results indicated that scopolamine-induced rats depicted cognitive deficits with high Aβ levels and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain tissue, while vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve the cognitive status and lower these protein levels. These results were supported by the histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of the hippocampal brain region. Furthermore, mechanistic analysis depicted that vitamin D supplementation improved the Aβ protein clearance by increasing the neprilysin levels. It also reduced the accumulation of Aβ plaques by lowering neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation can delay AD progression by an increase in Aβ plaques degradation or reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Higher Hemoglobin Levels Are Associated With Better Physical Performance Among Older Adults Without Anemia: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Corona Ligiana Pires , Andrade Flavia Cristina Drummond , Alexandre Tiago Silva , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira , Nunes Daniella Pires , Duarte Yeda Aparecida Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality among older adults, and it is associated with decreased physical performance. But the role of hemoglobin in the absence of anemia remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of hemoglobin levels on physical performance in Brazilian older adults without anemia.
Methods

The study is longitudinal in that it relies on two waves of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE; Health, Well-being, and Aging) study: 2010 and 2015–2016. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the hemoglobin concentrations on the Short Physical Performance Battery-SPPB over time among the 1,020 who had complete data and did not have anemia in 2010. In the follow-up, there were 562 without anemia. Analyses were stratified by sex.
Results

In analyses adjusted for age, education, grip strength, comorbidities, and body mass index, hemoglobin levels were positively associated with physical performance scores among older women (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and men (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) without anemia.
Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that higher hemoglobin levels were associated with better physical performance among older men and women without anemia. This finding is important because, in clinical practice, most health professionals focus on the World Health Organization definition of anemia. Our study suggests the importance of hemoglobin levels among older adults, even those without anemia.