bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin receptor mediated weight regulation: an inflammation‐independent mechanism?
Authors: Wintrob Zachary A.P. , Radpasand Hamed , Elmeshad Mohamed H. , Barima Asante , Rabey Jonathan L. , Chmiel Kristina A. , Fayazi Zahra S. , Otvos Lazlo , Surmacz Eva , Faitar Silviu , Ceacareanu Alice C. 
Published: June 2021

Adiponectin (ADP), a modulator of insulin actions, recently became an attractive therapeutic tool. We present here the effect of the first‐in‐class ADP receptor agonist (ADP355) on weight gain and biomarker patterns associated with long term high fat diet (HFD).Adult Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats (n=23) were fed HFD (60% cal from fat) ad‐libitum for 15 weeks. ADP355 at 0.5mg/kg/dose, or saline was administered intraperitoneally every other day (n=3 each); weight gain, food intake, glucose (Glc) levels and blood biomarkers were assessed weekly. C‐reactive protein, glucagon, IL‐6, TNFα, amylin, insulin and leptin levels were measured by a multiplexed bead‐specific Luminex assay. The assays included 3 randomly selected matched controls. Results were assessed by student t‐test.After 15 weeks of treatment, the ADP355 group exhibited reduced weight gain (P<0.009), lower Glc levels (P=0.02), n=20, and significantly decreased glucagon (P<0.015) levels relative to control. While leptin levels increased, TNFα and amylin levels decreased significantly in the control group (P<0.002 for all). In the ADP355 group, leptin expression maintained a modestly increasing trend, however, no change was observed in the TNFα or amylin levels. In HFD fed SD rats, stimulation of the ADP receptor might be beneficial for weight gain prevention; however, our data do not support an anti‐inflammatory activity of ADP355 administration.
Transcription factor BCL11B enforces asymmetric enamel‐secreting cell development in the mouse incisor by bidirectional regulation of gene expression
Authors: Kyrylkova Kateryna , Kyryachenko Sergiy , Kioussi Chrissa , Leid Mark 
Published: June 2021

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases, affecting 92% of adults, and is a primary reason for tooth loss. The current state‐of‐the‐art approach to replace a missing tooth is by means of a dental implant, which is, however, prone to mechanical and biological failure. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the therapeutic sciences is to develop dental tissue and whole tooth bioengineering.Molecular mechanisms of tooth organogenesis and enamel formation can be studied using mouse incisor development. Asymmetric deposition of enamel only on the outer side of the tooth makes mouse incisor an attractive model system.We show that the transcription factor BCL11B strongly enforces asymmetric localization of enamel‐secreting cells (ameloblasts) in the mouse incisor. BCL11B does so by promoting development and differentiation of the epithelial stem cells into the ameloblasts on the outer side while suppressing these processes on the inner side of the tooth. Underlying these spatio‐specific functions of BCL11B is the bidirectional regulation of a large gene network, comprised of genes encoding members of the FGF, TGFβ, and Sonic hedgehog signaling.These studies are of significance because they will contribute to a broader understanding of how the activities of transcription and growth factors are regulated during tooth organogenesis and how they can be modulated as an approach to therapy and tooth bioengineering.
Identification of regulatory RNA binding proteins that mediate alternative polyadenylation in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Smith Leah , McGuinness Michael , Paulding Waltke , Roessler Anne , Gabanic Andrew , Kelley Melissa , Haar Lauren , Tranter Michael 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US with coronary heart disease (ischemia/reperfusion; I/R injury) accounting for approximately half of these deaths. Recent data from our lab suggests that alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays a role in cardiac gene expression following I/R via modulation of mRNA 3′UTR length, leading to the inclusion or exclusion of regulatory sequence elements. The goal of this work is to identify specific RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that are likely to mediate APA in the myocardium.MethodsThe 3′UTR of the heat shock protein 70.3 (Hsp70.3) mRNA was randomly biotinylated throughout and incubated with cardiac protein extract associated with differential APA of the Hsp70.3 3′UTR. Biotinylated RNA and RBPs were co‐precipitated and bound RBPs were identified using mass spectrometry.ResultsWe identified a total of 45 known RBPs interacting with the Hsp70.3 3′UTR. Of these, 9 unique RBPs were found to bind only under conditions associated with a long 3′UTR, whereas 10 unique RBPs were found to bind only in association with APA truncation of the 3′UTR. Our results identified RBPs previously indicated to play a role in APA and/or mRNA degradation as well as RBPs whose function remains unknown. Work is ongoing to determine the functional role of these RBPs in alternative polyadenylation and cardiac I/R injury.This work was partially funded by a UC CCTST Grant (MT).
Effects of Race on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Elderly People
Authors: Serrador Jorge M , Lipsitz Lewis A , Deegan Brian , Laighin Gearóid Ó , Sorond Farzaneh 
Published: June 2021

Race is known to affect cardiovascular dynamics, but no research has examined cerebrovascular dynamics. Therefore, we retrospectively examined measures of cerebral autoregulation in a group of elderly individuals recruited into the population‐based MOBILIZE Boston Study.Of 765 community‐dwelling volunteers that were recruited for the MOBILIZE Boston study, cerebral flow velocity measures were obtained on 451 individuals (78±5 yrs) of which self reported race was African American ‐ AA (43), White (385) and Other (23). Cerebral flow velocity (TCD), beat‐by‐beat blood pressure (Finapres) and end‐tidal CO2 (capnography) were measured during a sit to stand maneuver and while seated.Race was associated with significant differences in Phase in both the 0.04–0.07 Hz range (AA: 28±41°, White: 46±34°, Other: 55±28°, p<0.05) and 0.07–0.15 Hz range (AA: 7±57°, White: 39±42°, Other: 33±33°, p<0.01). In contrast there was no difference in Gain or Coherence values. Autoregulatory Index was similar across groups (AA: 5.3±2.8, White: 4.8±2.5, Other: 5.0±2.2) as was CO2 Vasoreactivity (AA: 3.0±0.8, White: 3.0±0.7, Other: 3.0±0.7 %/mmHg). We controlled for age, diabetes, hypertension and prescription drugs.Our preliminary data suggest that race may be an important factor to consider in understanding cerebral autoregulation. The finding that AA had reduced phase suggests impaired autoregulation and may partially explain the increased risk of cerebrovascular events in AA. However, future work is necessary using larger numbers to validate our findings.
Hyperthermia does not affect the increase in cerebral perfusion during a cognitive task
Authors: Schlader Zachary J. , Lucas Rebekah A.I. , Pearson James , Crandall Craig G. 
Published: June 2021

This study tested the hypotheses that hyperthermia impairs the capacity to increase cerebral perfusion to a cognitive task (i.e., activation‐flow coupling) and that changes in activation‐flow coupling are related to decrements in cognitive performance during hyperthermia. Changes in mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) served as an index of cerebral perfusion, while the nBack test (a test of working memory) was the measure of cognitive performance. The activation‐flow coupling response to the nBack test was compared between normothermia and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia increased intestinal temperature by 1.3 ± 0.1°C and reduced MCAvmean by 15 ± 14%. nBack test performance was unaffected by hyperthermia (P=0.28). The relative increase in MCAvmean to the nBack test was not different between thermal states (normothermia: 18 ± 12%; hyperthermia: 18 ± 11%, P=0.61); while activation‐flow coupling was unrelated to nBack test performance during normothermia (r=0.05, P=0.65) and hyperthermia (r=0.04, P=0.70). These data indicate that activation‐flow coupling to a cognitive challenge involving working memory is unaffected by hyperthermia. It remains to be determined whether heat stress alters activation‐flow coupling responses to tests involving different cognitive domains; particularly those that are impaired by hyperthermia.Supported by NIH Grant HL061388
Cardiorespiratory fitness affects polymorphism in ADRB3 Trp64Arg‐caused increase in common carotid intima‐media thickness
Authors: Fujie Shumpei , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Murakami Haruka , Sanada Kiyoshi , Kawano Hiroshi , Gando Yuko , Kawakami Ryoko , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEIn the present study, a cross‐sectional investigation of 769 Japanese men and women (18–75 years old) was performed to clarify the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on the relationship between risk of cardiovascular disease and beta3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) Trp64Arg gene polymorphism.METHODSCommon carotid intima‐media thickness (ccIMT) was assessed as a risk of atherosclerosis. We measured peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during incremental cycle ergometer exercise test, and then the subjects were divided into high‐(High‐Fit) and low‐cardiorespiratory fitness (Low‐Fit) groups based on the median value of VO2peak in each sex and decade.RESULTSBody fat, triglyceride and plasma glucose levels were lower and HDL cholesterol levels and VO2peak were higher in High‐Fit subjects compared with in Low‐Fit subjects, but there were no significant effect of ADRB3 polymorphism. There was no significant effect of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism on ccIMT. In Low‐Fit subjects, ccIMT increased in ArgArg genotype individuals compared with TrpTrp and TrpArg genotype of ADRB3, however, had no effect on ADRB3 polymorphisms in High‐Fit subjects.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the higher cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate a risk of atherosclerosis associated with ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism.This work was supported by a Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research of Japan (#20300231, #20700563).
Parental Perceptions of Healthy Beverage Alternatives to Sugar‐Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Welsh Jean A. , Healy Shannan K. , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEfforts to reduce child obesity risk often promote reduced intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs). Our objective was to describe parents’ perception of a healthy beverage alternative to SSBs.MethodsA convenience sample of parents of healthy (normal or overweight) children (n=61) awaiting a clinic appointment completed an interviewer‐assisted survey (in English or Spanish) to identify the top three beverages perceived to be healthy alternatives to SSBs consumed by their child (age ≥ 1 y) at meals. Parents selected from among a display of 8 bottled beverages including: water, whole milk, reduced‐fat milk (2% fat), non‐fat milk, flavored milk, 100% juice, fruit‐flavored drinks, and vitamin water. The frequency of selection of each beverage was determined.Results12% of parents described their children (mean age 8.5 y) as overweight; 40% as daily SSB consumers. Parents most frequently selected: water, 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83, 98); 100% juice, 57% (CI: 45, 70); or reduced‐fat milk, 38% (CI: 25, 50) as one of their preferred alternatives to SSBs. Approximately one‐quarter of parents selected fruit‐flavored drinks, whole milk, or vitamin water and 11% (CI: 3.2, 19.7) selected fat‐free milk.ConclusionWater is recognized by nearly all parents as a healthy alternative to SSBs but non‐fat milk, the other beverage promoted in dietary guidelines for children, is not. Beverages discouraged in dietary guidelines, including fruit‐flavored drinks and whole milk, are perceived by many parents to be healthy alternatives to SSBs. These findings suggest that interventions to help parents identify healthy beverage options for their children are needed.
Intake of Antioxidants and Subsequent Decline in Physical Function
Authors: Bartali Benedetta , Curto Teresa , Maserejian Nancy , Araujo Andre 
Published: June 2021

Background/ObjectivesOxidative stress is considered a risk factor for physical function (PF) decline with aging. The objective of this study was to examine the relation of antioxidant intake to change in self‐reported PF over a 5‐year period.MethodsThe Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey is a population‐based longitudinal study of a racially/ethnically diverse population. Change in PF from baseline (2002–2005) to follow‐up (2006–2010) was assessed using the SF‐12 questionnaire. Intake of antioxidants (combining dietary and supplemental) was estimated at baseline using the validated Block FFQ. In total, 2827 persons aged 29–80 years had complete assessments at both baseline and follow‐up. General linear models were used to examine the association between energy‐adjusted quartiles of vitamins A, C, E and change in PF, after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, SES, smoking, BMI, physical activity, depression and chronic conditions.ResultsA low intake (first quartile) of vitamins C and E was associated with a greater decline in PF compared with the highest quartile, with an adjusted mean difference in change in PF of −1.29 (95%CI:−2.34,−0.25) for vitamin C and of −1.21 (95%CI:−2.24, − 0.18) for vitamin E. PF decline was not significantly different in the lowest compared with the highest quartile of vitamin A (mean difference=−0.30,95%CI:−1.36,0.76).ConclusionsA low intake of vitamins E and C plays a role in PF decline with aging. These results support the idea that oxidative stress contributes to PF decline and may help inform the development of intervention strategies aimed at reducing this important clinical and public health problem.
Effects of pulse physical form and digestive enzyme availability on postprandial glucose and appetite responses
Authors: Osei‐Boadi Katherene , Wonnell Brittany S. , Campbell Wayne W. , McCabe George P. , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that whole pulses reduce glucose, hunger and appetite responses compared to other carbohydrate sources. However, it is not known if differential responses occur with consumption of blended pulses or when taking Beano® (which reduces GI discomfort) with pulses. We therefore tested the hypotheses that blended pulses and/or consuming Beano increase postprandial glucose and appetite.MethodsParticipants (n=12; BMI 23±3kg/m2; aged 28±10y (mean±SD)) consumed breakfast burritos containing ≥½c of whole (W), blended (B) or no lentils (C), each in combination with 3 Beano or placebo pills in a randomized, crossover, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. AUCs over 3h were calculated.ResultsPreliminary results showed fullness (p=0.01) and hunger (p=0.04) were lower, and desire to eat (p=0.052) was higher, for Beano compared to placebo. There was a significant meal by Beano interaction effect on glucose (p=0.01), with Beano having 1.3, 1.2, 2.4% lower AUCs than placebo for W, B and C, respectively. Also, W and B lentils had 2.5 and 4.8% lower AUCs than C. Except for desire to eat, all results were in a direction where Beano gave lower values compared to placebo.ConclusionBlended and whole lentils have similar effects on lowering postprandial glucose compared to a control meal, and Beano has only small effects on postprandial glucose and appetite.[USDBC; NIH RR025761]
A surveillance of micronutrient status in bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Wright Breanne Natasha , Myers Cathy‐Ann Mary , Van Meter Marnie A. , Mattar Samer G. , Gletsu‐Miller Nana 
Published: June 2021

Roux‐en‐y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is effective for weight loss, but may promote malnutrition. To confirm our earlier findings of copper deficiency and further examine associated malnutrition following RYGB, we recruited 46 patients and determined blood concentrations of copper (Cu), hemoglobin, ferritin, folate, zinc (Zn), C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), and vitamins B1, B6, and B12. Plasma ceruloplasmin activity (Cp) was assayed using the oxidase method. Statistical analysis included mean ± S.E., Pearson correlations and p‐value < 0.05. Subjects were age 49 ± 1, 5.2 ± 0.7 years post RYGB, and predominantly female (91%) and Caucasian (80%). The prevalence (%) of nutrient deficiencies were: copper (Cu= 2, Cp= 13); anemia= 17; iron= 17; Zn= 22, B1= 4, B6= 6; B12= 4; and folate= 0, despite high self‐reported compliance in micronutrient supplementation (89%). Elevated hsCRP concentrations were observed (37%). Correlations were found between hsCRP and Cu (r = 0.33), Cp (r = 0.35) and Zn (r = −0.29). The biomarker Cp suggested a 13% prevalence of copper deficiency, similar to previous reports. The high prevalence of elevated hsCRP, and associations with copper and Zn, suggests that inflammation may mask copper deficiency and overestimate Zn deficiency. This study highlights the need for more sensitive measures of nutrition status in order to optimize post‐surgery health. Support by International Copper Association.Grant Funding Source: International Copper Association
Socio‐demographic and geographic variation of overweight and obesity in Uganda
Authors: Christoph Mary J , Turi Kedir N , Grigsby‐Toussaint Diana S 
Published: June 2021

Overweight, obesity, and related chronic diseases are understudied in sub‐Saharan Africa, and even fewer studies have observed geographic correlates, necessitating an investigation of geospatial population patterns. We used ArcGIS 10.1 to investigate clustering of overweight and obesity in rural and urban areas of Uganda for 2,420 adult females and children, based on aggregated latitude and longitude data from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We further examined socioeconomic factors in STATA 10.0 to show spatial heterogeneity of overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity clustered in larger cities, and were significantly correlated with high education level and wealth index; further, 52.9% of overweight women lived in urban areas, compared to just 26.8% of normal‐weight females. Overweight or obese women were also more likely to have overweight children (21.8%) than their normal or under‐weight counterparts (16.6%). Our results suggest that there is a significant burden of chronic disease in Uganda, particularly in the capital and in wealthier regions of the country. This study underscores the necessity of using geostatistical tools to elucidate the etiology of overweight, obesity, and the increasing rates of chronic disease in Sub‐Saharan Africa. This research was supported by the UIUC Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program.Grant Funding Source: Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program
Using imaging biomarkers in the histological validation of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hansen Megan Salin , Salin Ashley , Barzee Brigham , Stone Megan , Bridgewater James , Kavafyan Talar , Steed Kevin , Stark Elena , Dong Hongwei , Toga Arthur W. , Vinters Harry V. , Wisco Jonathan J. 
Published: June 2021

Without a cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD), early diagnosis and reliable prognosis through validation of biomarkers is critical in preventing irreversible brain damage and abnormal changes in the brain. Iron is readily visible in T2* MRI, and has been shown to be spatially correlated with amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein are also associated with AD. We examined the spatial relationship between tau, Aβ, and iron accumulations in the entorhinal cortex of 3 serial sections in 2 subjects. This area is the first, and eventually one of the most heavily damaged neocortical area in AD, and thus would be an excellent area of the brain to visualize anatomic changes in early stages of the disease. Using OlyVIA software and Photoshop, we superimposed and registered all 3 sections with their corresponding stains for comparison and visualization of how the markers are localized in space. Our findings show correlations between both tau and Aβ depositions with Fe accumulations. Established patterns of similarity between Aβ, tau, and/or iron will serve as biomarkers on an MRI, permitting earlier predictions concerning the onset of AD.Grant Funding Source: NIH/NIA 1 R21 AG037843‐02, NIH/NCRR P41 RR013642‐12S1, Translational Research Fund (UCLA), and the McGinty Family Foundation
In vitro evaluation of arylic derivatives as free radicals scavengers and myeloperoxidase inhibitors
Authors: Alemán Diana , Hernández Martha Cecilia Rosales , Basurto José Correa , Durán Araceli Ramírez , Wejebe Jessica Elena Mendieta 
Published: June 2021

Several pathological conditions have been associated with an oxidative stress state, due to several enzymatic systems such as peroxidation and chlorination of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Oxidative stress is defined as the loss of homeostasis by the increased amount of free radicals production and the amount of endogenous antioxidants, which, as consequence, generate systemic complications such as micro and macrovascular angiopathies. It has been shown that several exogenous compounds are able to counteract the noxious effects of free radicals, that's why the main aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant capacity of a family of 6 derivatives, using as a pattern drug 5‐aminosalycilic acid (5‐ASA).The antioxidant capacity of the proposed compounds, such as the witness drug 5‐ASA, where tested by the assay of the radical cation 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, and the discoloration of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Inhibition of peroxidation of MPO was tested by the O‐dianisidine assay, using 4‐aminobenzoic hydrazide (4‐ABAH) as witness compound, and 5‐ASA as the pattern.Results so far show that the proposed compounds have antioxidant activity, so as they were able to inhibit peroxidation of MPO in a higher percentage than the witness drug and the pattern.
Nutrition & CORonary Artery Disease Prevention (N‐CORP) Study: preliminary results and future steps.
Authors: Gregori Dario , Magnoni Marco , Masson Serge , Gorini Marco , Andreini Daniele , Rossi Maria Grazia , Soriani Nicola , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Maseri Attilio 
Published: June 2021

Plasma lipid levels are recognized as determinants of cardiovascular disease. Dietary interventions should be considered as first line intervention. NCORP study aims at exploring the effect of meal pattern on lipid profile.Four groups were selected: patients with atherosclerotic plaque (AP) and risk factors (RF) represented by Framingham risk determinants (Group A), patients with AP and without RFs (Group B), patients without AP and with RFs (Group C), patients without AP and RFs (Group D). Participants completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire. Plasma levels of five lipid fractions were determined on samples collected for the CAPIRE study.Preliminary analyses of 207 patients were considered. No significant association was found between lipid profile and case vs control groups. Satisfactory eating habits were retrieved considering Group B and C, compared with others. No significant association between physical activity patterns and lipid profile was found.The first results of the study pointed out the importance of dietary habits on RFs development, showing the need to deepen in the following steps of the longitudinal study the study of eating pattern’ on genetic modulation of lipid metabolism.