bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review on knowledge and skills level among nurses following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) training
Authors: Ahmed S , Ismail I , Lee K , Lim PY 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Although millions of healthcare providers and lay providers are trained globally in CPR each year, there are major gaps in delivering adequate medical emergency care such as poor quality CPR in the hospitals or none performance of CPR in out of hospital settings for people with cardiac arrest.
Objective

This systematic review aim to highlight the effect of training on knowledge and skills retention as well as the effect of different methods of training on knowledge and skills
Methods

The review used six online databases: Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Medline and reviewed reference citations for additional studies. Systematic analysis was use in excluding articles from the database by the latest 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, known as Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for the evaluation of knowledge and skills retention.
Results

A total of 71,671 possible articles were registered in six databases, with 331 articles found meeting eligibility criteria. And only 20 were finally included that met all the qualifying criteria for this systemic analysis. Most research used multi-choice questionnaires to assess retention of both knowledge and skills. From the pretest to the posttest, studies have shown that knowledge or skill rates differ and decrease from 6 weeks to 2 years after training. Between the reviewed papers, significant variations in retaining knowledge and skills were found between instructor-led training and other forms of teaching methods.
Conclusion

Between the pre-test and post-test outcomes, knowledge and skills have shown a substantial overall improvement in acquisition and retention. However, skills were observed to decay faster than knowledge. Skills start to decay as early as 2 weeks whereas knowledge retention start to decline on average between 1 month and 6 month after BLS/CPR training. Most of the articles showed that other forms of teaching methods are also as effective as the instructor led/traditional teaching methods in knowledge and skills levels among nurses. Therefore, future research should concentrate on the ideal timeline needed after initial training for the re-certification of the BLS/CPR.
ARID1B is a Dosage-sensitive Regulator of Polycomb Repressive Complex Distribution and HOX Gene Regulation in Patient-derived Neural Progenitors
Authors: Crabtree Gerald , Son Esther , Krokhotin Andrey , Gourisankar Sai , Chang Chiung-Ying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent unbiased exome and whole-genome sequencing studies have identified ARID1B (originally BAF250b) as the most frequently mutated gene in human de novo neurodevelopmental disorders and a high confidence autism gene. ARID1B is a subunit of the multimeric SWI/SNF or Brg/Brahma-Associated Factor (BAF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex. Studies of Arid1b+/- mice as well as other BAF subunit mutants have found defects in neural progenitor proliferation and activity-dependent neuronal dendritogenesis; however, to date, the molecular impact of ARID1B mutations on the human neural lineage has not been investigated. Remarkably, ARID1B is required for expression of HOX genes, including anterior HOX genes necessary for brain development. Despite the high homology with ARID1A and the fact that ARID1A is expressed at about 3-fold higher levels, it is unable to compensate for heterozygous loss of ARID1B. These changes in gene expression were paralleled by dosage-sensitive altered deposition of histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and histone H2A lysine-119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub) indicating that an evolutionarily conserved pathway of HOX gene regulation underlies the neurodevelopmental defects accompanying ARID1B haploinsufficiency. Using FIRE-Cas9, we show that the unmutated ARID1B allele can be activated to near normal and potentially therapeutic levels.
Is Tracheostomy Safe?: Common Indications and Early Complications Among Ugandan Patients In A Pre-Covid-19 Era.
Authors: Nyanzi Daniel James , Atwine Daniel , Kamoga Ronald , Birungi Caroline , Nansubuga Caroline A , Nyaiteera Victoria , Nakku Doreen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose outcomes may vary between hospitals based on disparities in their existing expertise. We aimed at establishing the indications, early tracheostomy-related complications and their associated factors in Uganda. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled one-hundred patients, both adults and children 2 hours post-tracheostomy procedure. At baseline, information on patients’ socio-demographics, tracheostomy indications, pre- and post-procedural characteristics was collected through researcher administered questionnaires and from medical records. Clinical examination was performed at baseline but also at either day 7 or whenever a tracheostomy-related complication was suspected during the 7days follow-up. Comparison of patients’ baseline characteristics, tracheostomy indications and complications across two hospitals was done using Pearson’s chi-square. For predictors of early tracheostomy complications, bivariate and multivariate analysis models were fitted using binomial regression in STATA 13.0 software. Results: Majority of patients were adults (84%) and males (70%). The commonest tracheostomy indications were; pulmonary toilet (58%) and anticipated prolonged intubation (42%). Overall, 53% (95% CI: 43.0 – 62.7) had early complications with the commonest being tube obstruction (52.6%). Independent predictors of early tracheostomy-related complications were; anticipated having prolonged intubation as an indication (RR=1.8, 95%CI: 1.19 – 2.76), Bjork flap tracheal incision (RR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.09 – 2.43), vertical tracheal incision (RR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.02 – 2.27), and age below 18 years (RR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.00 – 1.47).Conclusion: Within a pre-COVID-19 context, pulmonary toilet is the commonest tracheostomy indication at major hospitals in Uganda. The incidence of early tracheostomy complications is high and majorly related to post-procedure tracheostomy tube management. Having anticipated prolonged intubation as an indication for tracheostomy, a Bjork flap or vertical tracheal incisions and being a child increases the risk of complications. Emphasis on surgical training and post-procedural management for both clinicians and nurses should be made. New data will be needed within the COVID-19 era.
Online Positive Parenting Program for Promoting Parenting Competencies and Skills: Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tuntipuchitanon Sararat , Kangwanthiti Ing-on , Jirakran Ketsupar , Trairatvorakul Pon , Chonchaiya Weerasak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background: Parenting programs, albeit effective, are not readily accessible to the general public, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In 103 healthy caregiver-child dyads, we investigated the effectiveness of online positive parenting program on parenting sense of competencies (primary outcome), parenting styles and behavioural concerns of children aged 3-6 years (secondary outcomes) between 2 blinded, parallel groups. After block of 4 randomisations, intervention group (n = 52) attended 8-session, intensive video conference while active control group (n = 51) received weekly general education via communication application. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 8 and 14 weeks. Results: Most parents from both groups had high education and household income. At 14 weeks, the intervention group reported higher sense of competence (Wald 9.63, p=0.008); both groups reported using more authoritative parenting style (Wald 15.52, p≤0.001) from Generalised Estimating Equations model. Compared to baseline, both groups had significant reduction of children’s emotional problems at 14 weeks (mean change: Intervention = - 0.44, p=0.033; Control = - 0.30, p=0.046) and behavioural problems over time (Wald 7.07, p=0.029).Conclusion: Online positive parenting program offered an easily accessible, primary preventive measure to mitigate behavioural concerns and improve parental competency.Clinical Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/; TCTR20201030001; October 30, 2020
Predictive Value of the Third Ventricle Width for Neurological Status in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Guenter Wojciech , Betscher Ewa , Bonek Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The third ventricle width (3VW) is an easily calculated measure of brain atrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of 3VW to cognitive impairment with adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders, including depression, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as to disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Symbol Digit Modalities Test, California Verbal Learning Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were analysed in 93 patients with MS. Neuropsychological performance was compared to that of 150 healthy controls. Axial images from 3D FLAIR were used to measure 3VW. 25% of MS patients were impaired in at least two neuropsychological tests. Cognitive impairment and EDSS were associated with 3VW. Age and 3VW were the strongest predictors of cognitive impairment. The multiple regression model including age, 3VW, education, EDSS and MFIS explained 63% of the variance of neuropsychological tests results, while 3VW, age and duration of the disease were significant predictors of EDSS. This study confirms predictive value of 3VW for neurological status of patients with MS, especially for cognitive impairment after adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders.
Photonic Reinforcement Learning Based on Optoelectronic Reservoir Computing
Authors: Kanno Kazutaka , Uchida Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reinforcement learning has been intensively investigated and developed in artificial intelligence in the absence of training data, such as autonomous driving vehicles, robot control, and internet advertising. However, the computational cost of reinforcement learning with deep neural networks is extremely high, and reducing the learning cost is a challenging issue. We propose a photonic on-line implementation of reinforcement learning using optoelectronic delay-based reservoir computing, both experimentally and numerically. In the proposed scheme, we accelerate reinforcement learning at a rate of several megahertz because there is no required learning process for the internal connection weights in reservoir computing. We perform two benchmark tasks, CartPole-v0 and MountanCar-v0 tasks, to evaluate the proposed scheme. Our results represent the first hardware implementation of reinforcement learning based on photonic reservoir computing and paves the way for fast and efficient reinforcement learning as a novel photonic accelerator.
Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and Multiparametric MRI for the Detection of Low- and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhou Chuanchi , Tang Yongxiang , Deng Zhihe , Yang Jinhui , Zhou Ming , Wang Long , Hu Shuo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To provide a direct comparison between mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for the detection of low- and intermediate-risk PCa and to determine which of low- or intermediate-risk PCa is more likely to be detected by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone a prostate biopsy and/or radical prostatectomy, and who were scanned with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI between June 2019 and March 2021. The mpMRI images were scored with the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System Version 2.1 (PI-RADS) and were classified as either negative (PI-RADS 1-3) or positive (PI-RADS 4-5). Suspicious 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT lesions were reviewed for each relevant patient and classified by double-trained board-certified nuclear medicine physicians. The results were evaluated with the histopathological outcome. All patients were classified according to the D’Amico classification, and the clinical data were combined for stratified analysis.Result: 101 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PCa were analyzed. Of the 101 patients, 88 (80.6%) patients presented with a pathologic mpMRI, and 85 (79.1%) with a pathologic 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. In the high-risk PCa cohort, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was positive in 64/66 (97.0%) patients and yielded a higher detection rate than that for the mpMRI patients (58/66, 87.9%: p<0.05). However, mpMRI provided superior diagnostic confidence in identifying low- and intermediate-risk PCa (30/35, 85.7% vs. 21/35,60.0%; p<0.05). When the age threshold exceeded 62.5 years and the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) threshold exceeded 9.4 ng/ml, a higher uptake of PSMA was more likely to occur in the lesions of low- and intermediate-risk PCa.Conclusion: In the initial diagnosis of low- and intermediate-risk PCa, we found that mpMRI showed a higher diagnostic accuracy than 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT did. Low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients with PSA≥9.4 ng/ml and age≥62.5 years were more likely to have a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT result.
Evaluation of the challenges in water governance through citizen's perception and Water Quality Index: a case study of a fast-growing city in India
Authors: Navaneeth A. , Sreeda P. , Vishnu Maya T. M. , Sanusree P. S. , Harikumar P. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Urban water governance (UWG) plays an important role to ensure safe and sufficient water availability in cities. In developing countries, citizen centric studies, which are important to understand the ground-level scenario and the existing UWG, are often not conducted due to the lack of manpower or infrastructure. Indian cities are rapidly growing, and there is a need to revisit the existing UWG scenario in its cities. Therefore, as a first step, this study evaluates the UWG challenges in Kozhikode, Kerala, based on citizen perception and drinking water quality. The present study reports the findings from face-to-face interviews conducted (using structured questionnaires) to evaluate the knowledge of citizens in the basic areas of water resources management and conservation (n = 180) and the analysis of water samples from household sources (n = 261). The Water Quality Index (WQI) was computed and analyzed using the geographic information system (GIS). The WQI map identified the vulnerable areas requiring focused intervention to improve water quality. A poor awareness among the respondents, especially regarding the local water resources, was identified from the interviews. However, on a positive note, the citizens are willing to bridge this knowledge gap. Thus, involving citizens and understanding the issues at the ground level will aid in improving the UWG in cities.
Demographic differences in use of household tap water in a representative sample of US adults, FallStyles 2019
Authors: Vanden Esschert Kayla , Barrett Catherine E. , Collier Sarah A. , Garcia-Williams Amanda G. , Hannapel Elizabeth , Yoder Jonathan S. , Benedict Katharine M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tap water that is safe to consume may cause respiratory illness (e.g., Legionnaires’ disease) when water conditions allow for proliferation and aerosolization of biofilm-associated pathogens. This study assessed household tap water consumption, exposure to aerosolized tap water, and associated demographics. A nationally representative FallStyles survey administered by Porter Novelli Public Services was sent to 4,677 US adult panelists in October 2019. There were 3,624 adults who completed the survey (77.5% response rate). Respondents were asked about self-reported use of household tap water for consumption (i.e., drinking, rinsing produce, or making ice) and use through water-aerosolizing devices (e.g., showerheads, humidifiers). Demographics included gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, region, and health status. Weighted analyses using complex sample survey procedures were used to assess tap water exposure by route and demographics. Most US adults are exposed to aerosolized tap water through showering (80.6%), and one in five are exposed through other water-aerosolizing devices (20.3%). Consumption and showering were greatest among older, White, higher educated, and higher-income adults. Aerosolized tap water can transmit waterborne pathogens and cause respiratory illness, especially among older age groups and people with weakened immune systems. These results will help target health messages for using water-aerosolizing devices safely.
Reducing the conflict of interest in the optimal operation of reservoirs by linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Datta Bithin , Abdoli Asghar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study proposes a novel framework to optimize the reservoir operation through linking mesohabitat hydraulic modeling and metaheuristic optimization to mitigate environmental impact downstream of the reservoir. Environmental impact function was developed by mesohabitat hydraulic simulation. Then, the developed function was utilized in the structure of the reservoir operation optimization. Different metaheuristic algorithms including practice swarm optimization, invasive weed optimization, differential evolution and biogeography-based algorithm were used to optimize reservoir operation. Root mean square error (RMSE) and reliability index were utilized to measure the performance of algorithms. Based on the results in the case study, the proposed method is robust for mitigating downstream environmental impacts and sustaining water supply by the reservoir. RMSE for mesohabitats is 8%, which indicates the robustness of proposed method to mitigate environmental impacts at downstream. It seems that providing environmental requirements might reduce the reliability of water supply considerably. Differential evolution algorithm is the best method to optimize reservoir operation in the case study.
Multi-objective reservoir operation of the Ukai reservoir system using an improved Jaya algorithm
Authors: Kumar Vijendra , Yadav S. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an effective and reliable approach based on a multi-population approach, namely the self-adaptive multi-population Jaya algorithm (SAMP-JA), to extract multi-purpose reservoir operation policies. The current research focused on two goals: minimizing irrigation deficits and maximizing hydropower generation. Three different models were formulated. The results were compared with those for an ordinary Jaya algorithm (JA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and an invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm. In Model-1, the minimum irrigation deficit obtained by SAMP-JA and JA was 305092.99 . SAMP-JA was better than JA, PSO and IWO in terms of convergence. In Model-2, the maximum hydropower generation achieved by SAMP-JA, JA and PSO was 1723.50 . When comparing the average hydropower generation, SAMP-JA and PSO performed better than JA and IWO. In terms of convergence, SAMP-JA was better than PSO. In Model-3, a self-adaptive multi-population multi-objective Jaya algorithm (SAMP-MOJA) was better than multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and multi-objective Jaya algorithm (MOJA) in terms of maximum hydropower generation, and MOPSO was better than SAMP-MOJA and MOJA in terms of minimum irrigation deficiency. While comparing convergence, SAMP-MOJA was found to be better than MOPSO and MOJA. Overall, SAMP-JA was found to outperform JA, POS and IWO.
Removal of microplastics from wastewater: available techniques and way forward
Authors: Singh Surya , Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Diwan Vishal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microplastics are the newly emerged contaminants with a presence in almost every part of the globe. Despite being small in size, microplastic particles have proved to be harmful for plants, animals, humans, and for the ecosystem in general. Water is one of the most important routes through which microplastics transfer from one place to another. Moreover, water is also an important route for the ingestion of microplastics in human, which results in various health issues, such as cancer, mutagenic and teratogenic abnormalities. Thus, microplastics in water is an emerging public health issue which needs attention and, hence, it is important to investigate removal techniques for microplastics in wastewater. Although, there are some biological, chemical/electrochemical, and physical techniques to remove microplastics, their wide scale applicability and cost–effectiveness is an issue. In this review, we have discussed the existing and upcoming treatment technologies for the removal of microplastics from wastewater and also tried to present an overview for the future approaches.
Characterization of algae residue biochar and its application in methyl orange wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhu Hao , Zou Haiming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, Spirulina residue was used as the raw material to prepare different biochars by changing the pyrolysis time. Moreover, the obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction energy spectra. This experiment used the batch adsorption method to study the adsorption effect of pH, dosage, and pyrolysis time on methyl orange. The adsorption of methyl orange onto Spirulina residue biochar (SRBC) were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results showed that the surface functional groups of SRBC obtained by dry pyrolysis were abundant, and could effectively adsorb methyl orange dye in an aqueous solution. The sample prepared at 500 °C for 5 h had the best adsorption effect on methyl orange. The change of pyrolysis time will affect the physicochemical properties of biochar from Spirulina residue, thereby affecting its adsorption effect on methyl orange dye. The analysis showed that the chemical adsorption of SRBC on methyl orange might be the primary way of dye removal. The results can provide a reference for preparing biochar from algae residue and biochar application in the removal of dye wastewater.
Click Reaction in the Synthesis of Dendrimer Drug-delivery Systems
Authors: García-Álvarez Fernando , Martínez-García Marcos 
Published: October 2021

:
Drug delivery systems are designed for the targeted delivery and controlled re-lease of medicinal agents. Among the materials employed as drug delivery systems, den-drimers have gained increasing interest in recent years because of their properties and structural characteristics. The use of dendrimer-nanocarrier formulations enhances the safety and bioavailability, increases the solubility in water, improves stability and phar-macokinetic profile, and enables efficient delivery of the target drug to a specific site. However, the synthesis of dendritic architectures through convergent or divergent meth-ods has drawbacks and limitations that disrupt aspects related to design and construction, and consequently, slow down the transfer from academia to industry. In that sense, the implementation of click chemistry has received increasing attention in the last years, as it offers new efficient approaches to obtain dendritic species in good yields and higher monodispersity. This review focuses on recent strategies for building dendrimer drug de-livery systems using click reactions from 2015 to early 2021. The dendritic structures showed in this review are based on β-cyclodextrins (β-CD), poly(amidoamine) (PA-MAM), dendritic poly (lysine) (PLLD), dimethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA), phospho-ramidate (PAD), and poly(propargyl alcohol-4-mercaptobutyric (PPMA).