bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the crystal growth kinetics of ultra‐toughened biobased polyamide 410: New insights on dynamic crystallization
Authors: Samantaray Saroj Kumar , Satapathy Bhabani K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of elastomeric poly (octene‐co‐ethylene) on the crystallization of polyamide 410 in PA‐410/POE‐g‐MA blends was systematically analyzed using a non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics approach. A novel power‐law criterion was employed to characterize the crystallization regimes (primary and secondary) as a function of cooling rate to understand the nature of crystal arrangement vis‐a‐vis various kinetic models proposed by Avrami, Jeziorny (modified Avrami method), Ozawa and Liu‐Mo. The activation energy pattern with fractional crystallinity from onset to fully developed crystals is discussed as per Friedman's theory. The POE phase acted as a weak nucleating agent for PA 410. The effect of elastomer on crystallization rate constant remained almost unchanged regardless of the blend composition. This insensitivity is attributed to (1) nucleating effect of POE‐g‐MA (because of resemblance in the molecular scheme) and (2) hindrance effect through the formation of an interfacial network; these two effects nearly offset one another. Our study illustrates the crucial dependence of acceleration of cooling that is, acceleration required for attaining a certain fraction of crystallinity with composition (threshold elastomer concentration), on an interfacial network in binary blends.
School safety and violence: Research and clinical understandings, trends, and improvement strategies
Authors: Cohen Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFeeling and being safe provides an essential foundation for children to learn and develop in healthy ways. I will summarize the current research and clinically based understanding about K‐12 school violence and school safety. I summarize prevalence rates that underscore that school violence is tragically common. I then outline the spectrum of experiences that undermine safety in schools: from normal moments of misunderstanding to microaggressions to mental illness to international acts of verbal/cyber cruelty to “grey zone” sexual‐social‐emotional experiences, harassment, and rape as well as natural disasters, assault, murder, and suicide. I then summarize research‐based policy and practice steps that we can take that will dramatically enhance how safe students feel and are in schools: (1) Supporting prosocial universal K‐12 improvement efforts for all students; (2) Supporting coordinated educational, “at risk” and targeted K‐12 interventions; (3) Addressing weapons in schools; and (4) Preventing school shootings. Schools are one of the safest places for children and adolescents to be physically. However, this is often not true psychosocially. Today, there is so much that we do understand about how to promote individual and organizational health as well as prevent school violence and intervene most helpfully when it does occur.
Disease Flare and Reactogenicity in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Following Two‐Dose SARS–CoV‐2 Messenger RNA Vaccination
Authors: Connolly Caoilfhionn M. , Ruddy Jake A. , Boyarsky Brian J. , Barbur Iulia , Werbel William A. , Geetha Duvuru , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline M. , Segev Dorry L. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Paik Julie J. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate disease flare and postvaccination reactions (reactogenicity) in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) following 2‐dose SARS–CoV‐2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination.MethodsRMD patients (n = 1,377) who received 2‐dose SARS–CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination between December 16, 2020 and April 15, 2021 completed questionnaires detailing local and systemic reactions experienced within 7 days of each vaccine dose (dose 1 and dose 2), and 1 month after dose 2, detailing any flares of RMD. Associations between demographic/clinical characteristics and flares requiring treatment were evaluated using modified Poisson regression.ResultsAmong the patients, 11% reported flares requiring treatment; there were no reports of severe flares. Flares were associated with prior SARS–CoV‐2 infection (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.09, P = 0.02), flares in the 6 months preceding vaccination (IRR 2.36, P < 0.001), and the use of combination immunomodulatory therapy (IRR 1.95, P < 0.001). The most frequently reported local and systemic reactions included injection site pain (87% after dose 1, 86% after dose 2) and fatigue (60% after dose 1, 80% after dose 2). Reactogenicity increased after dose 2, particularly for systemic reactions. No allergic reactions or SARS–CoV‐2 diagnoses were reported.ConclusionFlares of underlying RMD following SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination were uncommon. There were no reports of severe flares. Local and systemic reactions typically did not interfere with daily activity. These early safety data can help address vaccine hesitancy in RMD patients.
Periconceptional nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use, folic acid intake, and the risk of spina bifida
Authors: Esposito Daina B. , Parker Samantha E. , Mitchell Allen A. , Tinker Sarah C. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUse of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy may increase risk for neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida. Folic acid intake can prevent NTDs, but it is not known whether it modifies any risks associated with NSAID use.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of periconceptional NSAID use on the risk of spina bifida overall and stratified by folic acid intake.Study DesignWe analyzed 1998–2015 data from the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, a multi‐site, case–control study. Mothers were interviewed to identify sociodemographic factors, behaviors, and exposures during pregnancy. Periconceptional NSAID use was defined as use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or COX2 inhibitors within the month before or after the last menstrual period. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NSAID use, adjusted for study center and race/ethnicity stratified by average daily folic acid intake above (“high FA”) or below (“low FA”) 400 mcg/day.ResultsWe compared mothers of 267 infants with spina bifida to mothers of 6,233 nonmalformed controls. Among control mothers, 20% used NSAIDS periconceptionally (16% ibuprofen, 4% aspirin, 3% naproxen, and <1% COX‐2 inhibitors). For any NSAID use, the aORs among low FA and high FA women were 1.70 (95% CI [1.13, 2.57]) and 1.09 (95% CI [0.69, 1.71]), respectively.ConclusionsWe observed a small increase in the risk for spina bifida among infants born to women who used NSAIDs periconceptionally, but this risk was limited to those who had inadequate folic acid intake.
Injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogels encapsulating drug nanocrystals for long‐term treatment of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Gao Yongsheng , Vogus Douglas , Zhao Zongmin , He Wei , Krishnan Vinu , Kim Jayoung , Shi Yujie , Sarode Apoorva , Ukidve Anvay , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAntiproliferative chemotherapeutic agents offer a potential effective treatment for inflammatory arthritis. However, their clinical application is limited by high systemic toxicity, low joint bioavailability as well as formulation challenges. Here, we report an intra‐articular drug delivery system combining hyaluronic acid hydrogels and drug nanocrystals to achieve localized and sustained delivery of an antiproliferative chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin for long‐term treatment of inflammatory arthritis. We synthesized a biocompatible, in situ‐forming injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel using a naturally occurring click chemistry: cyanobenzothiazole/cysteine reaction, which is the last step reaction in synthesizingD‐luciferin in fireflies. This hydrogel was used to encapsulate camptothecin nanocrystals (size of 160–560 nm) which released free camptothecin in a sustained manner for 4 weeks. In vivo studies confirmed that the hydrogel remained in the joint over 4 weeks. By using the collagen‐induced arthritis rat model, we demonstrate that the hydrogel‐camptothecin formulation could alleviate arthritis severity as indicated by the joint size and interleukin‐1β level in the harvested joints, as well as from histological and microcomputed tomography evaluation of joints. The hydrogel‐nanocrystal formulation strategy described here offers a potential solution for intra‐articular therapy for inflammatory arthritis.
Improving the overall survival prognosis prediction accuracy: A 9‐gene signature in CRC patients
Authors: Zheng Wenbo , Lu Yijia , Feng Xiaochuang , Yang Chunzhao , Qiu Ling , Deng Haijun , Xue Qi , Sun Kai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor and morbidity rates are among the highest in the world. The variation in CRC patients' prognosis prompts an urgent need for new molecular biomarkers to improve the accuracy for predicting the CRC patients' prognosis or as a complement to the traditional TNM staging for clinical practice. CRC patients' gene expression data of HTSeq‐FPKM and matching clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Patients were randomly divided into a training dataset and a test dataset. By univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses and Lasso regression analysis, a prediction model which divided each patient into high‐or low‐risk group was constructed. The differences in survival time between the two groups were compared by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log‐rank test. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the relationship between all the survival‐related genes. The survival outcomes of patients whose overall survival (OS) time were significantly lower in the high‐risk group than that in the low‐risk group both in the training and test datasets. Areas under the ROC curves which termed AUC values of our 9‐gene signature achieved 0.823 in the training dataset and 0.806 in the test dataset. A nomogram was constructed for clinical practice when we combined the 9‐gene signature with TNM stage and age to evaluate the survival time of patients with CRC, and the C‐index increased from 0.739 to 0.794. In conclusion, we identified nine novel biomarkers that not only are independent prognostic indexes for CRC patients but also can serve as a good supplement to traditional clinicopathological factors to more accurately evaluate the survival of CRC patients.
Repairing Maxillary Sinus Membrane Perforations, Iatrogenic or Intentional: Two Case Reports
Authors: Raza Muhammad , Albeshri Sultan , Wallace Stephen S. 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMaxillary sinus augmentation is a common and predictable procedure utilized to gain vertical alveolar bone height to allow for successful placement of dental implants in the deficient posterior maxilla. The surgical techniques, however, may be associated with intraoperative complications, the most common of which is Schneiderian membrane perforation and, less commonly, bleeding and the loss of an implant into the sinus cavity.Case PresentationIn the current report, we present two cases with unique complications. A large perforation which was discovered after the graft material had been placed was successfully managed by carefully removing the graft material from both sides of the perforation and sealing the perforation with a resorbable membrane and a tack fixation. The second case involved a patient who presented with an implant that had migrated into the sinus during an unsuccessful transcrestal sinus lift. The case was successfully treated by locating and removing the implant through an intentional membrane perforation, repairing the perforation, and placing a new implant with simultaneous grafting.ConclusionManagement and repair of maxillary sinus membrane perforations that are either intentionally or iatrogenically created can be predictable procedures with favorable outcomes if thoughtful evaluation and treatment are provided. Managing such complications at the time of occurrence avoids unnecessary additional surgical procedures that might prove to be even more complicated.
Two New Phenol Derivatives from the Cold Seep‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus insuetus SD‐512
Authors: Chi Lu‐Ping , Li Xiao‐Ming , Wan Yu‐Peng , Li Yan‐He , Li Xin , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo new phenol derivatives, namely insphenol A (1) and acetylpeniciphenol (2), along with seven known analogs (3–9), were isolated from the deep‐sea cold seep‐derived fungus, Aspergillus insuetus SD‐512. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by extensive interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the combination of coupling constant analysis and acid hydrolysis. Among the isolated compounds, insphenol A (1) represents the first example of isopentenyl phenol derivative with a unique 1‐glycosylation from the species Aspergillus insuetus. The isolated new compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against six human or aquatic pathogens, while compound 2 exhibited inhibitory effect against Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus, and V. vulnificus, with MIC values of 4, 8, and 8 μg/mL, respectively.
Comparison of permanent pacemaker implantation rate after first and second generation of transcatheter aortic valve implantation–A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Minha Sa'ar , Yarkoni Yuval , Segev Amit , Finkelstein Ariel , Danenberg Haim , Fefer Paul , Orvin Katia , Steinvil Arie , Maor Elad , Beinart Roy , Rosso Raphael , Golovchiner Gregory , Kornowski Ran , Guetta Victor , Barbash Israel M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) rates among patients undergoing Trans‐catheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) with first generation (G1) versus second generation (G2) valves and the impact of PPMI on long‐term mortality.BackgroundPPMI is a known adverse event after TAVI. Recently, two novel iterations of valve designs of both the balloon expandable valves (BEV) and self‐expanding valves (SEV) were introduced as a second generation valves.MethodsAll patients included in the Israeli multicenter TAVI registry were grouped according to valve type (BEV vs. SEV) and generation (G1 vs. G2). A comparison was made for clinical and outcome indices of patients undergoing TAVI with G1 and G2 in each of the valve systems.ResultsA total of 1377 patients were included. The incidence of PPMI did not differ between G1‐BEV versus G2‐BEV (15.3% vs. 17.4%; p = 0.598) nor between G1‐SEV versus G2‐SEV (23.4% vs. 20.3%; p = 0.302). Depth of implantation and complete right bundle branch block were independently associated with PPMI post‐TAVI in both valve systems. PPMI was not associated with an increased risk for 2‐year mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence of PPMI remains a relevant adverse event post‐TAVI even when the newer generation valves are used. Since the predictors for PPMI are well established, a standardized approach for the management of conduction disorders is much needed.
Enhanced On‐Site Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis by a Selectively Carboxylated N‐Doped Graphene Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Yu , Melchionna Michele , Medved Miroslav , Błoński Piotr , Steklý Tomáš , Bakandritsos Aristides , Kment Štěpán , Zbořil Radek , Otyepka Michal , Fornaserio Paolo , Naldoni Alberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPractical‐scale on‐site production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) relies on efficient, robust, and selective electrocatalysts. Among them, carbon‐based materials are cheap, abundant, durable, and their surface properties can be tuned to favor the 2e− ORR pathways, resulting in higher efficiency and facilitating possible scale‐up towards commercially appealing levels. Here, we demonstrate that the selective installment of carboxyl groups on the surface of N‐doped graphene yielding a material named graphene acid (N‐GA) promotes the catalytic 2e− ORR, achieving a H2O2 faradaic efficiency (FE) as high as 70 % in acidic media (pH=0.96) and a H2O2 productivity in long term bulk electrolysis that could reach 107.8 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 under optimized conditions. Extended XPS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that surface carboxylic acid functional groups play a significant role in achieving the high activity of N‐GA for 2e− ORR.
Optimization of a Fractal Treelike Microchannel Network with Uniform Roughness for Laminar Flow
Authors: Liu Fei , Jing Dalei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsidering the excellent transport performance of treelike networks and the effect of roughness on fluid flow in a microchannel, the present work studied the optimization of a symmetric treelike roughened network with minimum hydraulic resistance under constant total channel base volume. It was found that there is an optimal base diameter ratio βm of channels at two successive branching levels that minimizes the hydraulic resistance of the network. The βm value increases with increasing average roughness height. A larger βm value is needed to minimize the hydraulic resistance of the network with larger branching number N, branching level m, and channel length ratio γ, because the increases in N, m, and γ reduce the channel diameter and magnify the influence of roughness on the fluid flow.
Engineering Functional Interface with Built‐in Catalytic and Self‐Oxidation Sites for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Zihan , Miao Licheng , Fu Yancheng , Shi Leyuan , Chen Jinzhou , Liu Xuying , Zhang Linlin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries have attracted great attention due to their high theoretical energy density. The rapid redox conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) is effective for solving the serious shuttle effect and improving the utilization of active materials. The functional design of the separator interface with fast charge transfer and active catalytic sites is desirable for accelerating the conversion of intermediates. Herein, a graphene‐wrapped MnCO3 nanowire (G@MC) was prepared and utilized to engineer the separator interface. G@MC with active Mn2+ sites can effectively anchor the LiPS by forming the Mn−S chemical bond according to our theoretical calculation results. In addition, the catalytic Mn2+ sites and conductive graphene layer of G@MC could accelerate the reversible conversion of LiPS via the spontaneous “self‐redox” reaction and the rapid electron transfer in electrochemical process. As a result, the G@MC‐based battery exhibits only 0.038 % capacity decay (per cycle) after 1000 cycles at 2.0 C. This work affords new insights for designing the integrated functional interface for stable Li−S batteries.
Rational Fabrication of Multiple Dimensional Assemblies from Tryptophan‐Based Racemate
Authors: Zhang Yaqian , Qin Minggao , Xing Chao , Zhao Changli , Dou Xiaoqiu , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFabricating structural complex assemblies from simple amino acid‐based derivatives is attracting great research interests due to their easy accessibility and preparation. However, the morphological regulation of racemates (an equimolar mixture of enantiomers) were largely overlooked. In this work, through rational modulation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, we achieved multiple dimensional architectures employing tryptophan‐based racemate (RPWM). Upon assembling, 1D bundled nanofibers, 2D lamellar nanostructure and 3D urchin‐like microflowers could be obtained depending on the solvents used. The corresponding morphology evolutions were successfully illustrated by changing the enantiomeric excess (ee) value. Moreover, for RPWM, uniform 0D nanospheres were formed in H2O under 4 °C, which could spontaneously convert into lamella under ambient temperature. Taking advantages of its temperature‐responsive phase change behavior, RPWM assemblies exhibited excellent removal efficiency for organic dye RhB, and could be reused for several consecutive cycles without significant changes in its removal performance. Taken together, it's rational to envision that the engineering of racemates assembly pathways can greatly increase the robustness in a wide variety of supramolecular materials and further lead to their blooming versatile applications.
A Short Review on Ni‐Catalyzed Methanation of CO2: Reaction Mechanism, Catalyst Deactivation, Dynamic Operation
Authors: Strucks Peter , Failing Luisa , Kaluza Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractToday, the use of renewable energies and recycling of climate‐changing gases are increasingly important. In this context, coupling of methanation with small, decentralized CO2 sources such as biogas plants provides one possibility. However, fluctuating availability of renewables for hydrogen production in combination with small storage volumes result in an enhanced demand for dynamic process operation. This leads to new research challenges with respect to the required catalysts and the overall process design. To draw reliable conclusions about the catalytic performance under dynamic process operation, the mechanism of the methanation reaction as well as typical deactivation procedures of the catalyst applied under steady‐state conditions have to be reviewed thoroughly.
Spurenstoffabtrennung mit keramischen Nanofiltrationsmembranen als Rotationsscheibenfilter
Authors: Weyd Marcus , Pflieger Christian , Vogel Andy , Richter Hannes , Prehn Volker , Günther Christiane , Splittgerber Frank , Gäbler Alessa , Kaulbars Daniel , Bräutigam Patrick , Franke Marcus , Lambertz Samira , Schlechtweg Julian , Voigt Ingolf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie Reduzierung der Belastungen von Gewässern mit Mikroschadstoffen ist eine wichtige Zielsetzung der Wasserwirtschaft und Bestandteil der Umweltpolitik. Keramische Nanofiltrationsmembranen wurden als Mehrkanalrohre mit erhöhter spezifischer Membranfläche und als Rotationsscheibenfilter entwickelt. Die entwickelten Membranen zeigen Rückhalte von über 80 % für PEG 400. Die Membranen werden aktuell zur Abtrennung von Mikroschadstoffen aus Pharmazeutika belasteten Abwässern erprobt. Mithilfe eines nachgeschalteten oxidativen Verfahrens werden die noch im Permeat verbliebenen Spurenstoffe abgebaut.
Overworked, friendless, and constrained, but also helpful: How workplace adversity prompts employees to use task conflict to suggest organizational improvements
Authors: De Clercq Dirk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between employees' task conflict and voice behaviour, as well as how this positive relationship might be invigorated by adverse work conditions. Using quantitative survey data, collected among employees in a large Canada‐based organization, this research establishes a positive connection between employees' engagement in task conflict and the likelihood that they speak up about opportunities for organizational betterment, especially if those employees also experience excessive workloads, do not know their colleagues on a personal level, and believe that their organization resists change. These results offer novel insights for organizations: the usefulness of conflicting viewpoints for spurring proactive suggestions about how to improve the organizational status quo is particularly high in the presence of experienced workplace adversity.