bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in individuals treated with COVID-19 convalescent plasma varies with the geographic provenance of donors
Authors: Kunze Katie L. , Johnson Patrick W. , van Helmond Noud , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Petersen Molly M. , Klassen Stephen A. , Wiggins Chad C. , Klompas Allan M. , Bruno Katelyn A. , Mills John R. , Theel Elitza S. , Buras Matthew R. , Golafshar Michael A. , Sexton Matthew A. , Diaz Soto Juan C. , Baker Sarah E. , Shepherd John R. A. , Verdun Nicole C. , Marks Peter , Paneth Nigel S. , Fairweather DeLisa , Wright R. Scott , van Buskirk Camille M. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Stubbs James R. , Senese Katherine A. , Pletsch Michaela C. , Buchholtz Zachary A. , Rea Robert F. , Herasevich Vitaly , Whelan Emily R. , Clayburn Andrew J. , Larson Kathryn F. , Ripoll Juan G. , Andersen Kylie J. , Lesser Elizabeth R. , Vogt Matthew N. P. , Dennis Joshua J. , Regimbal Riley J. , Bauer Philippe R. , Blair Janis E. , Casadevall Arturo , Carter Rickey E. , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuccessful therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have harnessed the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence that SARS-CoV-2 exists as locally evolving variants suggests that immunological differences may impact the effectiveness of antibody-based treatments such as convalescent plasma and vaccines. Considering that near-sourced convalescent plasma likely reflects the antigenic composition of local viral strains, we hypothesize that convalescent plasma has a higher efficacy, as defined by death within 30 days of transfusion, when the convalescent plasma donor and treated patient were in close geographic proximity. Results of a series of modeling techniques applied to approximately 28,000 patients from the Expanded Access to Convalescent Plasma program (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04338360) support this hypothesis. This work has implications for the interpretation of clinical studies, the ability to develop effective COVID-19 treatments, and, potentially, for the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines as additional locally-evolving variants continue to emerge.
Quantification of critical particle distance for mitigating catalyst sintering
Authors: Yin Peng , Hu Sulei , Qian Kun , Wei Zeyue , Zhang Le-Le , Lin Yue , Huang Weixin , Xiong Haifeng , Li Wei-Xue , Liang Hai-Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSupported metal nanoparticles are of universal importance in many industrial catalytic processes. Unfortunately, deactivation of supported metal catalysts via thermally induced sintering is a major concern especially for high-temperature reactions. Here, we demonstrate that the particle distance as an inherent parameter plays a pivotal role in catalyst sintering. We employ carbon black supported platinum for the model study, in which the particle distance is well controlled by changing platinum loading and carbon black supports with varied surface areas. Accordingly, we quantify a critical particle distance of platinum nanoparticles on carbon supports, over which the sintering can be mitigated greatly up to 900 °C. Based on in-situ aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron and theoretical studies, we find that enlarging particle distance to over the critical distance suppress the particle coalescence, and the critical particle distance itself depends sensitively on the strength of metal-support interactions.
Atomistic simulations of dislocation mobility in refractory high-entropy alloys and the effect of chemical short-range order
Authors: Yin Sheng , Zuo Yunxing , Abu-Odeh Anas , Zheng Hui , Li Xiang-Guo , Ding Jun , Ong Shyue Ping , Asta Mark , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRefractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are designed for high elevated-temperature strength, with both edge and screw dislocations playing an important role for plastic deformation. However, they can also display a significant energetic driving force for chemical short-range ordering (SRO). Here, we investigate mechanisms underlying the mobilities of screw and edge dislocations in the body-centered cubic MoNbTaW RHEA over a wide temperature range using extensive molecular dynamics simulations based on a highly-accurate machine-learning interatomic potential. Further, we specifically evaluate how these mechanisms are affected by the presence of SRO. The mobility of edge dislocations is found to be enhanced by the presence of SRO, whereas the rate of double-kink nucleation in the motion of screw dislocations is reduced, although this influence of SRO appears to be attenuated at increasing temperature. Independent of the presence of SRO, a cross-slip locking mechanism is observed for the motion of screws, which provides for extra strengthening for refractory high-entropy alloy system.
Cell-type and subcellular compartment-specific APEX2 proximity labeling reveals activity-dependent nuclear proteome dynamics in the striatum
Authors: Dumrongprechachan V. , Salisbury R. B. , Soto G. , Kumar M. , MacDonald M. L. , Kozorovitskiy Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate brain consists of diverse neuronal types, classified by distinct anatomy and function, along with divergent transcriptomes and proteomes. Defining the cell-type specific neuroproteomes is important for understanding the development and functional organization of neural circuits. This task remains challenging in complex tissue, due to suboptimal protein isolation techniques that often result in loss of cell-type specific information and incomplete capture of subcellular compartments. Here, we develop a genetically targeted proximity labeling approach to identify cell-type specific subcellular proteomes in the mouse brain, confirmed by imaging, electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. We virally express subcellular-localized APEX2 to map the proteome of direct and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons in the striatum. The workflow provides sufficient depth to uncover changes in the proteome of striatal neurons following chemogenetic activation of Gαq-coupled signaling cascades. This method enables flexible, cell-type specific quantitative profiling of subcellular proteome snapshots in the mouse brain.
Human T cells engineered with a leukemia lipid-specific TCR enables donor-unrestricted recognition of CD1c-expressing leukemia
Authors: Consonni Michela , Garavaglia Claudio , Grilli Andrea , de Lalla Claudia , Mancino Alessandra , Mori Lucia , De Libero Gennaro , Montagna Daniela , Casucci Monica , Serafini Marta , Bonini Chiara , Häussinger Daniel , Ciceri Fabio , Bernardi Massimo , Mastaglio Sara , Bicciato Silvio , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute leukemia relapsing after chemotherapy plus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be treated with donor-derived T cells, but this is hampered by the need for donor/recipient MHC-matching and often results in graft-versus-host disease, prompting the search for new donor-unrestricted strategies targeting malignant cells. Leukemia blasts express CD1c antigen-presenting molecules, which are identical in all individuals and expressed only by mature leukocytes, and are recognized by T cell clones specific for the CD1c-restricted leukemia-associated methyl-lysophosphatidic acid (mLPA) lipid antigen. Here, we show that human T cells engineered to express an mLPA-specific TCR, target diverse CD1c-expressing leukemia blasts in vitro and significantly delay the progression of three models of leukemia xenograft in NSG mice, an effect that is boosted by mLPA-cellular immunization. These results highlight a strategy to redirect T cells against leukemia via transfer of a lipid-specific TCR that could be used across MHC barriers with reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease.
Discriminative detection of laser-accelerated multi-MeV carbon ions utilizing solid state nuclear track detectors
Authors: Hihara Takamasa , Kanasaki Masato , Asai Takafumi , Kusumoto Tamon , Kodaira Satoshi , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Oda Keiji , Yamauchi Tomoya , Woon Wei-Yen , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Fukuda Yuji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new diagnosis method for the discriminative detection of laser-accelerated multi-MeV carbon ions from background oxygen ions utilizing solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) is proposed. The idea is to combine two kinds of SSNTDs having different track registration sensitivities: Bisphenol A polycarbonate detects carbon and the heavier ions, and polyethylene terephthalate detects oxygen and the heavier ions. The method is calibrated with mono-energetic carbon and oxygen ion beams from the heavy ion accelerator. Based on the calibration data, the method is applied to identify carbon ions accelerated from multilayered graphene targets irradiated by a high-power laser, where the generation of high-energy high-purity carbon ions is expected. It is found that 93 ± 1% of the accelerated heavy ions with energies larger than 14 MeV are carbons. The results thus obtained support that carbon-rich heavy ion acceleration is achieved.
Clinical evidence of initiating a very low dose of sacubitril/valsartan: a prospective observational analysis
Authors: Kim Hyoeun , Oh Jaewon , Lee Sanghyup , Ha Jaehyung , Yoon Minjae , Chun Kyeong-hyeon , Lee Chan Joo , Park Sungha , Lee Sang-Hak , Kang Seok-Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSacubitril/valsartan is superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of cardiovascular death and preventing hospitalization in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, patients often do not receive sacubitril/valsartan because of concerns about hypotension. We examined the feasibility of initiating sacubitril/valsartan at a very low dose (VLD) in potentially intolerant patients with HFrEF and subsequent dose up-titration, treatment persistence and outcomes. We analyzed 206 patients with HFrEF grouped according to starting sacubitril/valsartan dose. The VLD group (n = 106) commenced 25 mg twice daily, and the standard-dose (SD) group (n = 100) started on ≥ 50 mg twice daily. Baseline systolic blood pressure was 103 ± 12 mmHg vs. 119 ± 14 mmHg in the SD group (P < 0.001). The maximal target dose achievement rate was higher in the SD group (27.0% vs 9.4%, p = 0.001) and the VLD group experienced more dose up-titrations and fewer down-titrations than the SD group. The VLD group had a decrease in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) similar to the SD group and a similar increase in left ventricular ejection fraction. There were no significant differences in symptomatic hypotension, worsening renal function, hyperkalemia, cardiovascular mortality, and rehospitalization due to HF between the two groups during follow-up period. In patients considered by the treating physician likely to be intolerant of sacubitril/valsartan, initiation with 25 mg twice daily was generally possible and patients remained in therapy, with similar decreases in NT-proBNP and increases in left ventricular ejection fraction to those observed in patients receiving SD sacubitril/valsartan.
Intra- and interspecific variability among congeneric Pagellus otoliths
Authors: D’Iglio Claudio , Albano Marco , Famulari Sergio , Savoca Serena , Panarello Giuseppe , Di Paola Davide , Perdichizzi Anna , Rinelli Paola , Lanteri Giovanni , Spanò Nunziacarla , Capillo Gioele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOtolith features are useful tools for studying taxonomy, ecology, paleontology, and fish biology since they represent a permanent record of life history. Nevertheless, the functional morphology of otoliths remains an open research question that is useful to completely understand their eco-morphology. This study aims to deepen the knowledge of intra- and interspecific variation in sagitta morphology in three congeneric seabreams, to understand how such variability could be related to the lifestyles of each species. Therefore, the sagittae (n = 161) of 24 Pagellus bogaraveo, 24 Pagellus acarne, and 37 Pagellus erythrinus specimens, collected from the south Tyrrhenian Sea, were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and a stereomicroscope to assess morphometric features, variability between otolith pairs and the external crystalline structure the of sulcus acusticus. Statistical analysis demonstrated that, between the species, variability in sagittal otolith rostral length growth and sulcus acusticus features, correlated with increased fish total length and body weight. Moreover, slight differences between otolith pairs were detected in P. acarne and P. erythrinus (P < 0.05). The results confirm changes in otolith morphometry and morphology between different congeneric species and populations of the same species from different habitats.
Gastrobodies are engineered antibody mimetics resilient to pepsin and hydrochloric acid
Authors: Wicke Niels , Bedford Mike R. , Howarth Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein-based targeting reagents, such as antibodies and non-antibody scaffold proteins, are rapidly inactivated in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice denatures proteins and activates pepsin, concentrations of which reach 1 mg/mL in the mammalian stomach. Two stable scaffold proteins (nanobody and nanofitin), previously developed to be protease-resistant, were completely digested in less than 10 min at 100-fold lower concentration of pepsin than found in the stomach. Here we present gastrobodies, a protein scaffold derived from Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). SBTI is highly resistant to the challenges of the upper GI tract, including digestive proteases, pH 2 and bile acids. Computational prediction of SBTI’s evolvability identified two nearby loops for randomization, to create a potential recognition surface which was experimentally validated by alanine scanning. We established display of SBTI on full-length pIII of M13 phage. Phage selection of gastrobody libraries against the glucosyltransferase domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B (GTD) identified hits with nanomolar affinity and enzyme inhibitory activity. Anti-GTD binders retained high stability to acid, digestive proteases and heat. Gastrobodies show resilience to exceptionally harsh conditions, which should provide a foundation for targeting and modulating function within the GI tract.
Controlled growth and ordering of poorly-crystalline calcium-silicate-hydrate nanosheets
Authors: Basquiroto de Souza Felipe , Shamsaei Ezzatollah , Chen Shujian , Sagoe-Crentsil Kwesi , Duan Wenhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptimising the mesoscale structure of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is critical to achieving durable and sustainable infrastructure using Portland cement concrete. However, control of its intricate formation process, which comprises spatially disordered growth of poorly-crystalline sheets, remains a challenge. Here, through combination of experimental and computer simulation techniques, we report a promising mechanism to control this complex growth process and thereby optimise the C-S-H nanostructure. The pivotal step was utilizing graphene oxide (GO) to restrain the inherent spatial deformations of the C-S-H sheets and guide their concurrent 2D growth and layer-by-layer ordering. Accordingly, we designed a layered GO–C-S-H composite that exhibits 1–2 orders of magnitude improvement in strength and durability compared with C-S-H formed without control. Our findings open a window for nano-engineering of cements and other complex layered materials for ceramic, pharmaceutical and energy applications.
Automated optimization for broadband flat‐gain antenna designs with artificial neural network
Authors: Mir Farzad , Kouhalvandi Lida , Matekovits Ladislau , Gunes Ece Olcay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn automated optimization process for designing and optimising high‐performance single microstrip antennas is presented. It consists of the successive use of two optimization methods, bottom‐up optimization (BUO) and Bayesian optimization (BO), which are applied sequentially, resulting in electromagnetic (EM)‐based artificial neural network modelling. The BUO method is applied for the initial design of the structure of the antennas whereas the BO approach is successively implemented to predict suitable dimensional parameters, leading to broadband, high flat‐gain antennas. The optimization process is performed automatically with the combination of an electronic design automation tool and a numerical analyser. The proposed method is easy to use; it allows one to perform the design with little experience, because both structure modelling and sizing are performed automatically. To verify the power of the proposed EM‐based method experimentally, two single microstrip antennas have been designed, optimised, fabricated, and measured. The first antenna has flat‐gain performance (6.9–7.2 dB) in a frequency band of 8.8–10 GHz. The second has been designed to perform in the 8.7‐ to 10‐GHz band, where it exhibits flat‐gain performance with reduced fluctuation in the range of 6.7–7 dB. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical data.
Modular horizontal pendulum wave energy converter: Exploring feasibility to power ocean observation applications in the U.S. pacific northwest
Authors: Dizon Chris , Cavagnaro Robert J. , Robertson Bryson , Brekken Ted K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMarine renewable energy as a power source for ocean observation applications has the potential to allow longer deployment operations due to the consistent, higher, and denser energy available from this resource. This additionally could encourage deployments in remote locations where maintenance is costly or resource availability is low if dependent on solar power. More importantly, gaps in spatial data could be filled. This paper examines the feasibility of a modular horizontal pendulum wave energy converter to power National Data Buoy Center's Self‐Contained Ocean Observations Payload (SCOOP) off the coast of Washington State, U.S. The effect on power output was studied when the pendulum's radius arm, mass, and power take‐off damping were varied. Results using Matlab toolbox WEC‐Sim revealed positive correlation between radius arm length and mass to power output, where power maximised for optimal damping values. Seasonal trends in power were not significant, where a 20 kg pendulum mass was needed to meet the SCOOP base power requirement of 5 W throughout the year.
Instabilität des Ellenbogengelenks
Authors: Iuga Andra-Iza , Fervers Philipp , Wegmann Kilian , Haneder Stefan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Ellenbogengelenk wird durch die beteiligten Knochen, Bandstrukturen und Sehnen von Extensoren und Flexoren stabilisiert. Die Instabilität des Gelenks ist nicht genau definiert, daher spielt die Bildgebung für die genaue Diagnostik eine entscheidende Rolle. Dieser Beitrag stellt die beteiligten Strukturen, die Formen der Instabilität und die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten im Detail vor.
Auswirkungen einer dreimonatigen standardisierten Rückentherapie auf den Faktor „Gesunde Lebensjahre“ bei Rückenschmerzpatienten
Authors: Hollmann Michael , Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank , Breitkopf Annika , Kern Catharina , Nolting Ingrid 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungChronische Erkrankungen haben neben erheblichen sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen vor allem auch bedeutende Einschränkungen auf die Lebensqualität und somit auch auf die Zahl der gesunden Lebensjahre von Patienten. Während in den medizinischen Leitlinien Einigkeit darüber besteht, dass Bewegung ein essenzieller Bestandteil der Behandlungsoptionen darstellt, sind auf der motivationalen Ebene große Anstrengungen nötig, um Patienten zur regelmäßigen Bewegung anzuregen. Ein bisher vernachlässigter Aspekt stellt in der Gesundheitskommunikation der Aspekt der Gesunden Lebensjahre dar, welche ein Patient noch erwarten kann. Die vorliegende Untersuchung befasst sich daher erstmals mit den Auswirkungen einer dreimonatigen Rückentherapie auf den Faktor Gesunde Lebensjahre. Die Berechnung mithilfe von Sterbetafeln sowie Daten von 67.148 chronischen Rückenschmerzpatienten zeigen einen deutlichen Effekt der Therapie auf die noch zu erwartenden gesunden Lebensjahre. So gelingt es durch die Therapie, Männern durchschnittlich 14,70 zusätzliche gesunde Lebensjahre zu ermöglichen. Bei Frauen sind es 15,73. Die Zugewinne sind dabei stark altersabhängig.
Sekundäre Winkelblockglaukome
Authors: Nüßle Simone , Lübke Jan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungBei sekundären Winkelblockglaukomen liegt mindestens eine identifizierbare Ursache für den Winkelblock und die Obstruktion des Kammerwasserabflusses vor. Diese spezielle Unterform des Glaukoms ist eine besonders heterogene Gruppe an Erkrankungen bzw. Ursachen, die sich in ihrer Auswirkung auf den Kammerwasserfluss und in ihrer Behandlung deutlich unterscheiden. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen Formen des sekundären Winkelblockglaukoms und zeigt die Ansatzpunkte für eine zielgerichtete Therapie auf.
Comparison of Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Sialic Acid, and pH in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Subjects
Authors: Shirzaiy Masoomeh , Dalirsani Zohreh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives During pregnancy, systemic physiological alterations lead to some changes in the oral cavity, which could prepare the mouth environment for oral and dental problems. This study was aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase, sialic acid levels, and pH levels in pregnant and nonpregnant females.Materials and Methods In this analytical, case–control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected with spiting method from 35 pregnant women (case group) and 35 nonpregnant women (control group) and transferred to the laboratory to assess salivary α-amylase, sialic acid, and pH levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version: 19) software through statistical methods of independent t-test and analysis of variance.Results The mean sialic acid levels were 2.285 ± 1.230 mg/dL in pregnant and 2.744 ± 1.326 in nonpregnant women without any significant difference (p = 0.138). The mean salivary α-amylase concentrations were 2.461 ± 1.869 U/L and 2.439 ± 2.058 U/L, respectively, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with no significant difference (p = 0.963).The mean salivary pH in nonpregnant women was significantly more than that in pregnant women (7.845 ± 0.430 and 6.868 ± 0.413, respectively) (p < 0.001). Also, the mean salivary pH levels in pregnant women were 7.474 ± 0.420 in the first trimester, 6.868 ± 0.413 in the second trimester, and 6.568 ± 0.387 in the third trimester, which were significantly different (p < 0.001).Conclusion Salivary sialic acid and α-amylase levels among pregnant women were no different from those of other subjects. During pregnancy, the salivary pH significantly reduced, and the mean salivary pH during pregnancy had a decreasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester.