bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Well Then, Carry On”: Piercing Recalcitrant History in LaShonda Katrice Barnett’sJam on the Vine
Authors: McKible Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn her 2015 novel, Jam on the Vine, LaShonda Katrice Barnett dramatizes the opposed but intertwined histories of African American modernity and US racial revanchism during the Jim Crow era. While the trajectory of her female protagonist, Ivoe Williams, can be understood as a progress narrative, Barnett explores the corrosive nature of deepening American segregation and the pervasiveness of anti-black racism through the plight of her black male characters, particularly Ivoe’s father and brother. Through these men’s experiences, we see the persistent exploitation of black male bodies, which has continued from slavery through Jim Crow and on to the twenty-first-century prison-industrial complex. This essay attends to Barnett’s development of two inverse narrative arcs: first, Ivoe’s growth, which embodies the rising consciousness and agency of the African American activists and journalists who challenged racial segregation domestically and internationally, and second, the African American male characters, who must endure the ever-increasing pressures of Jim Crow during the same period. Ultimately, Barnett connects these narrative arcs by drawing on two literary-historical forebears, Ida B. Wells and Ernest Hemingway, to create a protagonist who learns how to “carry on” and thrive during the seemingly unending era of legal inequality.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Frequency of Blast Exposure, mTBI History, and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Lieb David A , Raiciulescu Sorana , DeGraba Thomas , Sours Rhodes Chandler 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common conditions among military personnel that frequently co-occur. This study investigated relationships between self-reported blast exposure, mTBI history, and current post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in a population of active duty service members (n = 202) from the Intensive Outpatient Program at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence.

Materials and Methods
Participants were divided into four mTBI groups (0, 1, 2, and 3+) and four blast exposure groups (0-10, 11-100, 101-1,000, and 1,000+). Self-reported lifetime mTBI and blast history were obtained via the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. PTSS severity was obtained via the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C). Several secondary measures of depression, anxiety, chronic mTBI symptoms, and sleep were also assessed.

Results
The total PCL-C scores differed significantly between mTBI groups, with significant differences detected between the 0/1 mTBI groups and the 3+ mTBI groups. Similar group differences were noted across the three PCL-C subgroup scores (avoidance, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal); however, when comparing the proportion of group participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for each symptom cluster, significant differences between mTBI groups were only noted for avoidance (P = .002). No group differences were noted in PTS symptom severity or distribution between blast groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an association between lifetime mTBI history and PTS symptom severity and distribution but failed to identify the significant group in self-reported symptoms between the blast exposure groups. Results suggest that additional research is needed to understand the neurobiological mechanism behind these associations and the need for the development of precise assessment tools that are able to more accurately quantify significant lifetime sub-concussive and blast exposures experienced by service members in training and combat operations.
Extirpation of Recurrent Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma Through the Zygomatic Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Eisenberg Mark , Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Petrous apex cholesterol granulomas are believed to result from blockage of the normal aeration of the petrous air cells, resulting in a repetitive cycle of mucosal engorgement, hemorrhage, and granuloma formation.
1
The lesion usually progressively expands causing compressive symptoms. The thick granulomatous wall envelopes various ages of breakdown products, including a cholesterol-containing fluid, which is typically hyperintense on T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Drainage procedures, regardless of the route (endoscopic, endonasal, or transtemporal), with or without stenting or marsupialization, will only temporarily drain this cholesterol-containing fluid, with consequently frequent recurrences.
2-5
A total exoneration of the granuloma and obliteration of the cavity with vascularized tissue will assure a more durable outcome.
1
The extradural zygomatic/middle fossa approach provides a short distance to the petrous apex and is purely extradural. By sectioning the zygoma, temporal lobe retraction is avoided.
6
We present a case of a 29-yr-old male who presented in the year 2000 with progression of a left petrous apex cholesterol granuloma despite 2 previous drainage and stenting procedures.
The patient consented for surgery and photo publication.
Images in video at 2:41 © JNSPG, republished from Eisenberg et al
1
with permission.
Sexuality and Bilingualism
Authors: Cashman Holly R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research on sexuality and bilingualism from a sociocultural linguistic approach can and should encompass not only the diverse language practices of queer bilingual and multilingual people, but also a wide range of language contexts and a broad spectrum of research participants beyond non-heteronormative subjects. This chapter explores questions relating to language, sexuality, and bilingualism. It aims to show the quantity and scope of recent research on sexuality and bilingualism, as well as highlight areas that may warrant further research. The chapter attributes the complexity of the concepts of bilingualism and sexuality in part to migration and globalization as well as evolving understandings of identity and desire. Bilingual (and multilingual) speakers are discussed in the context of urban multilingual settings and more specifically LGBTQ communities within those settings. The chapter then features a reflection on what major issues and opportunities might arise from joining research on sexuality with research on bilingualism.
Aging and Chronic Illness in Language and Sexuality
Authors: Peel Elizabeth , Ellis Sonja J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An aging demographic in Western societies as well as globally has made public health issues, such as dementia, subject to hyperbolic metaphor such as “tsunami” and “time bomb.” This chapter reviews the state of knowledge regarding language, sexualities, aging, and chronic illness. In particular, the discussion focuses on discursive research from across the social sciences that furthers understandings of older people’s lives and experiences. The chapter highlights research that has focused on ageism and chronic conditions impacting older people (specifically, dementia and type 2 diabetes), including empirical research on these conditions, and on manifestations of heterosexism and heteronormativity in these contexts. Using illustrative examples that emphasize the intersection of discourse and issues that relate to aging, the chapter foregrounds this area as an important element of language and sexuality scholarship. Last, future directions for the development of research focusing on these topics are indicated.
Administrative Justice in Street-Level Decision-Making
Authors: Raaphorst Nadine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStreet-level bureaucrats’ discretionary powers play an increasingly important role in public service provision and law enforcement. In order to deal with societal challenges, legislators and policy-makers leave room for professional judgment by formulating open laws, rules, and policies. In making responsive decisions, however, that is, when treating different cases differently, street-level bureaucrats do not necessarily attach less value to treating similar cases alike. This chapter discusses how two notions of fairness—treating similar cases alike and treating dissimilar cases differently—are studied in street-level bureaucracy literature, and sheds light on the factors that influence how bureaucrats behave in this regard. Subsequently, it is explored how street-level bureaucrats could enhance equality of treatment when rules run out. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research.
Implementing Digitalisation in an Administrative Justice Context
Authors: Raso Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdministrative agencies have long been sites of technological innovation. Today, government officials worldwide are intensifying digitalization efforts to cut costs and to make bureaucratic operations more efficient. This article examines how digitalization initiatives are implemented in administrative settings, using examples from the United Kingdom (Universal Credit), Canada (Ontario’s Social Assistance Management System), and Australia (Online Compliance Initiative, a.k.a. ‘Robodebt’). It draws on qualitative research, government reports, and administrative justice literature to illustrate the dilemmas common to digital government projects. For example, digitalization both hardens and virtualizes the interface between officials and the public, while obscuring the vast amounts of human labour needed to maintain digital government initiatives. To function well, digital systems require deep integration between government databases and software. Yet, the process of digitalization is often piecemeal, continuous, and reproduces dilemmas that arise whenever new technologies are used to solve institutional problems. Consequently, the promised benefits of ‘digital by default’ initiatives are rarely realized. Digitalization accelerates a shift in relations between people and the state that administrative justice scholars must take seriously. First, scholars must reconsider the internal perspective from which administrative justice theories assess an outcome’s acceptability. Digitalization compels the development of new justice models centred on the values of system users within and outside of administrative institutions. Second, scholars must reassess administrative justice theory’s procedural focus. In digitalized settings, ‘administratively just’ decision-making processes may generate substantively unjust outcomes. These challenges must be addressed if administrative justice theories are to remain relevant in an age of algorithmically-driven decision-making.
Revelation in Heidegger
Authors: Fritz Peter Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Martin Heidegger provides positive impetus for fresh thinking on divine revelation. Objections could immediately be raised. While it is contested whether Heidegger observes some sort of ‘methodological atheism’, at the very least he demotes theology—serious thinking based on belief in God—as ‘ontic’ (occasional, region-specific), whereas philosophy enjoys ‘ontological’ status. Heidegger refuses the revealed idea of creation as a distortive axiom for Western thinking that prepares the way for the world’s modern, technological framing. And of course there is Heidegger’s political bias, a concern that has reignited with the publication of his Schwarze Hefte. Nevertheless, this chapter’s primary thesis holds that Heidegger can help to reinvigorate Christian understanding of divine revelation in at least three respects: (1) by centring the theology of revelation on the allied themes of fundamental truth and freedom, (2) by encouraging theologians to continue pursuing renewed interest in apocalyptic, and (3) by bringing to light the revelatory character of inconspicuous, everyday phenomena.
Time and Temporality of Change Processes
Authors: Hernes Tor , Hussenot Anthony , Pulk Kätlin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Theories of organizational change tend to consider episodic and continuous change to be ontologically incompatible. We discuss how their assumed incompatibility stems from different conceptions of time. The main contribution of this chapter is to demonstrate how, by taking an event-based view, the two types of change may be integrated with one another. Continuous change takes place in the present as events in the making, whereas episodic change is marked by events in the past or as projected upon the future. This endogenous view of time as events “from within” enables the ontological gap between episodic and continuous change to be bridged. It enables us to understand how actors evoke previous episodic changes or project future episodic changes while pursuing continuous change in the on-going present. Also, in this view, continuous and episodic change become seen as two intertwined dimensions of interplay along what we call an immanent temporal trajectory.
On Critical Localism and the Privatisation of Refuge: The Resettlement of Syrian Newcomers in Canada
Authors: Ilcan Suzan , Connoy Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Increases in displacement and forced migration is an enduring feature of many countries. Resettlement is a policy response to displacement, that relocates refugees from a country of asylum to a safe third country. Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program is noteworthy. It allows non-profit organizations and volunteer groups to support newcomers during their first year in Canada and has especially aided resettlement of Syrian refugees on an international scale. We take a critical look at this programme by focusing on the social implications of private sponsorship and Syrian newcomers’ experiences of resettlement. We view private sponsorship initiatives as furthering processes that privatise decision-making, identify specific sponsorship groups as objects of policy, and transfer public authority to private citizens and non-profit organizations to encourage refugee resettlement. We argue that the privatising processes defining private sponsorship are further complicated within localised settings. Based on scholarly, policy, and programme documents, and extensive semi-structured interviews with Syrian newcomers in southern Ontario, Canada, we illuminate what we call “localising the privatisation of refuge,” which calls attention to the various networks, activities and relations of power that define and shape the local, and the processes and experiences of refuge that take place within.
Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo
Authors: Walsh Jennifer H , Maddison Kathleen J , Rankin Tim , Murray Kevin , McArdle Nigel , Ree Melissa J , Hillman David R , Eastwood Peter R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 weeks of nightly sublingual cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) in treating chronic insomnia (symptoms ≥3 months).

Methods
Co-primary study endpoints were safety of the medication based on adverse event reporting and global insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). Secondary endpoints included: self-reported (sleep diary), actigraphy-derived, and polysomnography measurements of sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE); and self-reported assessments of sleep quality (sSQ) and feeling rested upon waking. Adjusted mean differences between placebo and ZTL-101 were calculated.

Results
Twenty-three of 24 randomized participants (n = 20 female, mean age 53 ± 9 years) completed the protocol. No serious adverse events were reported. Forty mild, nonserious, adverse events were reported (36 during ZTL-101) with all but one resolving overnight or soon after waking. Compared to placebo, ZTL-101 decreased ISI (−5.07 units [95% CI: −7.28 to −2.86]; p = 0.0001) and self-reported SOL (−8.45 min [95% CI: −16.33 to −0.57]; p = 0.04) and increased self-reported TST (64.6 min [95% CI: 41.70 to 87.46]; p &lt; 0.0001), sSQ (0.74 units [95% CI: 0.51 to 0.97]; p &lt; 0.0001), and feeling of being rested on waking (0.51 units [95% CI: 0.24 to 0.78]; p = 0.0007). ZTL-101 also decreased actigraphy-derived WASO (−10.2 min [95% CI: −16.2 to −4.2]; p = 0.002), and increased actigraphy-derived TST (33.4 min [95% CI: 23.07 to 43.76]; p &lt; 0.001) and SE (2.9% [95% CI: 2.0 to 3.8]; p = 0.005).

Conclusions
Two weeks of nightly sublingual administration of a cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) is well tolerated and improves insomnia symptoms and sleep quality in individuals with chronic insomnia symptoms.

Clinical Trial
ANZCTR; anzctr.org.au; ACTRN12618000078257.
Nedd4‐2 interacts with occludin to inhibit tight junction formation and enhance paracellular conductance in collecting duct epithelia
Authors: Raikwar Nandita , Thomas Christie P 
Published: June 2021

Nedd4‐2, a E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mediated transcellular Na+ transport in the collecting duct. We investigated the effect of Nedd4‐2 on the junctional complex and paracellular conductance in mpkCCDc14, a collecting duct cell line. We demonstrate that Nedd4‐2 co‐immunoprecipitated with and reduced the expression of occludin. This interaction was mediated via a conserved PY motif in the C‐terminus of occludin and mutation of this PY motif increased the half life of transfected occludin in HEK293 cells. We demonstrate that Nedd4‐2 ubiquitinates occludin which was not seen with a catalytically inactive form of Nedd4‐2. Overexpression of Nedd4‐2 in mpkCCDc14, reduced occludin expression at the tight junctions (TJs) and increased paracellular conductance consistent with a delay in the formation of TJs. Conversely, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Nedd4‐2 increased occludin levels and reduced paracellular conductance. In conclusion, our data suggest that Nedd4‐2 interacts with occludin leading to its ubiquitination thereby modulating the assembly of TJs and the regulation of paracellular conductance in the collecting duct.NHLBI and VA Merit
Loss of Sonic Hedgehog in the adult stomach results in foveolar hyperplasia and delayed differentiation of the zymogenic cell lineage
Authors: Xiao Chang , Roland Joseph , Nam Ki Taek , Goldenring James R , Zavros Yana 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveParietal cell‐expressed Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) regulates function and differentiation of the gastric epithelium. Correlative evidence shows that loss of Shh expression associated with Helicobacter pylori infection results in the disruption of the normal gastric epithelium. We sought to identify whether Shh regulates gastric epithelial cell differentiation in the absence of inflammation.MethodsA parietal cell‐specific, tamoxifen‐inducible deletion of Shh mouse model was developed (HKCreInd/ShhKO). Epithelial cell proliferation and migration was studied using BrdU and Ki67 co‐immunostaining. Cell lineage changes were studied using markers specific for surface mucous (Ulex europaeus, UEAI), mucous neck (Griffonia simplicifolia, GSII) and zymogen (intrinsic factor, IF) cells.ResultsCompared to Controls, HKCreInd/ShhKO mice developed foveolar hyperplasia reflected by an expansion of BrdU/UEAI positive cells. HKCreInd/ShhKO mice also showed an expansion of GSII/IF co‐expressing cells at the base of the gastric gland. Co‐localization of BrdU and Ki67 revealed loss of normal migration of the epithelial cells within HKCreInd/ShhKO mouse stomachs.ConclusionLoss of Shh in the adult stomach results in the development of foveolar hyperplasia and delayed differentiation of the zymogenic cell lineage independent of inflammation.(DHC Pilot and Feasibility Project Award, Zavros)
Partial restoration of TG secretion via bile salt supplementation is sufficient to fully restore GIP secretion in bile‐diverted rats
Authors: Li Luke , Yang Qing , Tso Patrick , Yoder Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

The incretin hormone glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells in response to ingested nutrients. Previously, it has been shown that fat‐stimulated GIP secretion is suppressed in dogs with chronic bile diversion but is restored upon oral feeding of bile in a dose‐dependent manner, suggesting that an aspect of intraluminal bile is required for GIP secretion. Our aim was to explore the effect of sodium taurocholate (NaTC) supplementation on the secretion of GIP in the bile‐diverted lymph fistula rat. To test this aim, we inserted a duodenal feeding tube and cannulated the intestinal lymphatic duct of male Sprague‐Dawley rats. A subset of these animals also underwent a bile duct cannulation. After an overnight recovery, bile‐diverted and bile‐intact animals were provided a 3 ml Ensure bolus. A second group of bile‐diverted animals were infused with 19 mM NaTC at 3 ml/h and provided a 3 ml Ensure or saline bolus. Lymph was collected for 3 h and analyzed for TG and GIP. In the bile‐diverted animals, postprandial TG and GIP secretion was suppressed. However, upon the addition of NaTC to these animals, TG secretion was partially restored, while GIP secretion was fully restored. The data suggest that partial restoration of TG via the addition of NaTC is sufficient to fully restore GIP, indicating a potential link between TG absorption and GIP secretion.Funded by DK059360 NIH/NIDDK.
Sigma1 receptors and neuroblastoma differentiation
Authors: Schrock Joel Michael , Kim Felix J , Pasternak Gavril W 
Published: June 2021

The sigma1 receptor is an integral membrane protein of ~26kD which shares no structural homology with any traditional receptor family. Sigma1 binding sites are highly conserved across mammalian species and are present in a broad range of tissue, with particularly high expression in distinct regions of the CNS. Given the CNS expression of sigma1 receptors and the neuro‐active properties of many sigma1 receptor ligands, we hypothesize that sigma1 receptors may play a role in neuronal differentiation. Differentiating neuroblastoma cells upregulates sigma1 receptors, with high levels in distinct vesicular structures throughout neurite outgrowths in contrast to an endoplasmic reticulum distribution in undifferentiated cells. These data suggest an association of sigma1 receptors with neuronal differentiation.Funded by grants to GWP (DA0641, DA02615 and DA00220) from the National Institute of Drug Abuse
Time‐course expression of PGC‐1 in acute inflammation
Authors: Llimona Flávia , Lima‐Salgado Thais Martins , de Souza Heraldo Possolo 
Published: June 2021

Peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator 1 (PGC1) controls expression of several genes involved in cell energy homeostasis. PGC1 isoforms (α and β) are present in tissues with high oxidative metabolism and enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, β‐oxidation of fatty acids and gluconeogenesis in response to exposure to cold, fasting and exercise. We hypothesized that PGC1 expression may also be modulated during inflammatory response. Systemic inflammation was induced in male Wistar rats by acute pancreatitis (AP), caused by retrograde perfusion of sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Animals were sacrificed after 2, 24 and 48h and PGC1 α and β expression were measured by quantitative PCR.Systemic inflammation was confirmed by increased white blood cell count and circulating cytokines. PGC1α expression was increased in liver and spleen (2.0±0.1 and 4.3±0.5 fold vs sham, respectively), 48h after AP. At same time, lungs and leukocytes presented enhanced PGC1β expression (2.2±0.3 and 6.2±1.3 fold vs sham, respectively). On the other hand, PGC1β expression was decreased in lymph nodes 2h after AP induction (0.5±0,1 vs sham). Thus, we conclude that during systemic inflammation there is increased expression of PGC1α and β especially in the later stages of the disease, which may be related to the increasing demand of energy in different tissues. Financial Support: CAPES, FAPESP# 09/1141‐1