bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting and Experiencing Martyrdom in 4 Maccabees
Authors: Castelli Silvia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Building on second-generation cognitive criticism, notably enactivism, on studies of phonetic iconicity, especially on the use of prosodic and phonological effects to convey meaning, as well as on ancient reflections on enargeia, this article investigates the narrative and linguistic strategies used by 4 Maccabees to create enargeia/immersion in the scene of Eleazar’s martyrdom—one of 4 Maccabees’ most immersive scenes and one of the peaks of the story. Through a close reading focused on verbal forms (tenses and voices), prefixes, adverbial expressions, space markers, bodily movements, phonetic mimesis, prose rhythm, and metaphoric language, it argues that in this scene enargeia is achieved by a narrative carefully constructed through enactive style and linguistic strategies close to the audience’s non-mediated way of perception, highly effective in engaging the audience into an embodied experience of martyrdom.
Does the Burnt Offering Atone?
Authors: Zuckier Shlomo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The wholly burnt offering, or olah, and its relation to expiation/atonement, poses a vexing question. Across biblical, Second Temple, and rabbinic sources, there is conflicting evidence as to whether olah atones. Among the rabbinic materials this question is especially complicated, with multiple texts stating that olah does atone (‮כ.פ.ר‬‎), and others implying or stating outright that it does not. This study analyzes these varied materials, considering rabbinic texts against parallel biblical and Second Temple materials. This question is important both for understanding this offering and for how that impacts upon understandings of sacrifice and atonement in ancient Judaism. The flexibility of the olah offering renders it a site for negotiation between differing conceptions of these categories for ancient Jews.
Social Progress and Environmental Performance as Boosters for Innovation in LAC: an Econometric Analysis
Authors: Pinto Karen E. F. , Falcini Gabriel , Juk Yohanna , Avanci Vanessa de Lima 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the role of technological innovation in the development of nations. However, these studies often focus predominantly on countries in the Global North, overlooking the interplay between government, industry and university – the Triple Helix helices, and socioenvironmental factors. Even scarcer are studies that examine specifically Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC). In this quantitative study, we apply linear discriminant analysis and panel data analysis to the scores of the GII, EPI, and SPI indices for 127 countries since 2012. Focusing on the results for LAC, our findings highlight the cohesion in innovation among the countries in the region and indicate a positive relationship between innovation and environmental performance. However, conversely, an increase in innovation scores tends to correlate with a reduction in social progress scores. This study contributes to providing a basis for political decisions that consider the Triple Helix thinking, incorporating academia, companies, and the government to better allocate resources towards designing policies to alleviate social and environmental challenges.
Science of Learning: Journeys of Hope, Challenges and Resilience in Realizing Academic Ambitions
Authors: Muthanna Abdulghani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This self-reflective article highlights the educational journeys of the author with the purpose of inspiring undergraduate and graduate students along with postgraduate scholars toward continuing their efforts to realizing their academic ambitions. By sharing a variety of challenges related to unfair employment measures, financial constraints, and unethical research reviews and decisions, the article underscores how resilience coupled with patience and perseverance helps achieve one’s academic ambitions. While the article inspires students and scholars to face academic injustice, it also invites decision makers to reflect ethics in their words and deeds.
Henckelia arunachalensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Patkai Hills of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: SAHANI VINAY KUMAR , PERTIN MINOM , VARIYA MAYUR H , TARAM MOMANG , MAITY ROHAN , BORAH DIPANKAR 
Published: December 2024

Repeated expeditions conducted since 2018 in Arunachal Pradesh led to the collection of several taxa of Gesneriaceae, many of which are newly described. Among these, a peculiar species from the Patkai Hills of Arunachal Pradesh is described here as Henckelia arunachalensis, a species new to science. This new species is allied to Henckelia dibangensis but differs in its elliptic to obovate leaves with 9–13 pairs of lateral veins (vs ovate to ovate-elliptic with 5–8 pairs of lateral veins), erect to perpendicular cymes with 1–5 flowers (vs pendulous cymes with 1–2 flowers), broadly ovate to ovate lanceolate bracts (vs linear bracts), a leathery calyx, pale green and puberulous outside, glabrous inside (vs light green, glabrous calyx), and a purplish white corolla with white flaps (vs a pale pink corolla with no flaps). An extended taxonomic description, accompanied by photographs and ecological information, is provided.
Gun Violence in the COVID-19 Era: Using Multiple Databases to Describe the Experience in Buffalo, NY
Authors: L’Huillier Joseph C. , Nordin Andrew B. , Nair Veer V. , Cantor Brittany L. , Tadlock Bryan , Friend Brianna , Boccardo Joseph D. , Yu Jihnhee , Lukan James , Lillvis Denise F. , Bass Kathryn D. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives In 2020, the public health crises of gun violence and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) collided and interventions to decrease COVID-19 transmission displaced millions of Americans from normal activity. We analyzed the effects of COVID-19 and its resultant shutdowns on gun violence in Buffalo, NY. Methods We queried the Gun Violence Archive (GVA) and the hospital databases from the 2 level 1 trauma centers which serve Buffalo firearm victims between March 15th and June 24th, 2020 (“COVID”) and the same time period for years 2013 (hospital data)/2014 (GVA data) through 2019 (“pre-COVID”) and 2021 through 2022 (“post-COVID”). Data points collected included number of daily victims, victim age, gender, and morbidity/mortality. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare gun violence in these 3 periods. Results There were 518 and 913 victims in the GVA and hospital data sets, respectively. Bivariate analyses showed fewer incidents on Saturdays during the pandemic in both data sets ( P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses demonstrated no association between number of gun violence victims and time period in either data set ( P > 0.05). Conclusions There was no change in number of gun violence victims during the COVID-19 shutdowns compared to pre-COVID and post-COVID periods in Buffalo, NY. However, there was a change in the weekly temporality of gun violence during the COVID pandemic. Multiple databases are needed to accurately capture gun violence from an epidemiologic perspective.
The use of peripheral blood biomarkers for predicting the risk of immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Duvall Louise E 
Published: December 2024

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised oncology care, by enhancing the body’s T cell lymphocyte response against tumour cells. ICIs block the inhibitory signalling between tumour cells and the immune system, but consequently reduce immunological tolerance. Subsequently for some, this leads to immune-related adverse events (irAE), a spectrum term for autoimmune-like toxicities induced by ICIs that affects various tissues and organs. This limited narrative review will give a brief overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune-related adverse events for laboratory professionals and review the current evidence for predictive biomarkers. Methods A limited narrative review was conducted by accessing Pubmed and Google from June 2023 to January 2024 to identify references published from database inception to January 2024. Language was restricted to English. Results/findings Professional guidance does not recommend any biomarkers for irAE prediction. Some studies have found an association between the prediction of irAE and interleukin six (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), albumin, ferritin, full blood count metrics, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, these have often been single-centre retrospective studies. While an abundance of societal guidance has been produced, it is unclear what blood tests should be included within a baseline profile. Conclusions Presently, there is no singular biomarker routinely available in clinical laboratories that can predict the onset of irAE. A custom battery of tests may be more predictive, but evidence is currently lacking. In the meantime, due to the clinical significance of these complications, laboratory professionals should proactively support prospective studies.
Study on the use of intravascular ultrasound-guided coronary intravascular lithotripsy compared with rotational atherectomy: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Li Ben , Li Jiaxing , Hu Guangxin , Zhang Shichang , Ren Yongkang , Li Mingyang , Li Yinping , Jia Shaobin 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided coronary intravascular lithotripsy and rotational atherectomy in treating severe coronary artery calcification. Methods A retrospective analysis of 60 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2022 to August 2023 was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: 30 received IVUS-guided coronary intravascular lithotripsy and 30 underwent IVUS-guided rotational atherectomy. The primary endpoints comprised angiographic thrombolysis in myocardial infarction III flow and <30% stenosis post-percutaneous coronary intervention, and IVUS metrics, such as >80% stent expansion, avoiding high plaque burden or lipid-rich plaques, minimizing malapposition <0.4 mm/1 mm, and preventing tissue prolapse and dissection. Safety was assessed by complications and 1- and 6-month postoperative major adverse cardiovascular event rates. Results The primary endpoint was achieved in both groups. The treatment efficacy was 100% in all cases. At 1 and 6 months post-procedure, there was no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular events, acute myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis between the two groups. Conclusion IVUS-guided coronary intravascular lithotripsy is a safe and effective alternative to rotational atherectomy, potentially reducing certain complications.
Relationship between leukocyte count and renal function in patients with lupus nephritis: a retrospective study of Chinese adults
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Cao Rong , Guo Jianying , Liu Yang , Hu Haofei , Wan Qijun 
Published: December 2024

Objective To explore the relationship between leukocyte count and renal function in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 patients with LN admitted to the Department of Nephrology between 1 January 2015 and 30 December 2023. Based on tertile of leukocyte count, they were allocated to Low, Medium, or High groups. The demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of the groups were compared and the relationship between leukocyte count and renal function was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results After adjustment for age, albumin, 24-hour proteinuria, serum complement factor 3, hemoglobin, blood pressure, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score, and histologic parameters, a linear relationship was identified between leukocyte count and renal function (regression coefficient −2.852; 95% confidence interval: −5.161, −0.543). Therefore, for every 1 × 109/L increase in leukocyte count, the estimated glomerular filtration rate would decrease by 2.85 mL/minute. Conclusion There is an independent linear relationship between leukocyte count and renal function. Leukocyte recruitment into the kidney is a critical step in the progression of LN, and as the leukocyte count increases, renal function gradually declines. Leukocyte count may represent a sensitive biomarker of the progression and prognosis of LN.
Different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol for older adults undergoing cardiac surgery: the impact on postoperative delirium
Authors: Wang Hong , Han Hong , Leng Yufang , Yao Jiaxi 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study retrospectively investigated the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol on postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods The medical records of 82 older adults undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to two hospitals between August 2019 and August 2022 were analyzed. The participants were divided into two groups based on the dexmedetomidine dose: group A (0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + propofol) and group B (1.0 µg/kg dexmedetomidine + propofol). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), anesthesia depth index (NTI), and incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) at 7 days after surgery were compared. Results MAP and HR were significantly higher in group A than in group B during extubation and 10 minutes after extubation and significantly higher than the values before anesthesia induction. At all time points post-anesthesia induction, NTI was higher in group B than in group A, and the incidence of POD within 7 days after surgery was significantly higher in group A. The Prince–Henry pain scores were higher in group A than in group B at 1, 4, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Conclusions Higher dexmedetomidine doses were associated with more stable hemodynamics and stronger effects on POD in older adults undergoing cardiac surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Pediatric Upper and Lower Limb Spasticity: Results From 2 Open-Label, Long-term Extension Trials
Authors: Gormley Mark , Fehlings Darcy , Kim Heakyung , Bonikowski Marcin , Banach Marta , Gul Fatma , Meilahn Jill , Racette Brad , Huang Nuoyu , Niu Xiaomeng , James Lynn M. , Dimitrova Rozalina 
Published: December 2024

Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for treating upper and lower limb spasticity among pediatric patients in 2 open-label extension trials. Methods Patients aged <18 years received ≤5 doses of onabotulinumtoxinA (maximum: 8 U/kg [300 U], cycle 1; 10 U/kg [340 U], cycles 2-5) over 60 weeks. Week 6 efficacy endpoints included mean change from baseline in Modified Ashworth Scale–Bohannon and Modified Tardieu Scale scores, and mean Clinical Global Impression of Overall Change score. Adverse events and laboratory assessments of bone health were monitored. Results A total of 580 patients received onabotulinumtoxinA. Modified Ashworth Scale–Bohannon change from baseline ranged from −1.01 to −1.9. Modified Tardieu Scale change from baseline was 13.6 to 18.1 (ankle), 25.8 to 44.1 (elbow), and −5.0 to −26.3 (wrist). Clinical Global Impression of Overall Change scores were 1.5 to 2.2. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection (16.9%) and nasopharyngitis (15.7%). Interpretation Repeat administration of onabotulinumtoxinA was safe and efficacious for treating upper and lower limb spasticity in children.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Pediatric Neurology: Are We Missing the Connection? A Scoping Review
Authors: Burd Michael , Miles James , Myers Graysen , Engesether Bailey , Johnson Erika 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Pediatric neurology provides care for children with complex developmental disorders with environmental, genetic, metabolic, and teratogenic etiologies. Common neurodevelopmental conditions include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder. However, only minimal attention from pediatric neurology journals has been devoted to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This is surprising because fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of between 1% and 5% of school-age children. Methods This scoping review had 2 objectives. Objective 1 was to estimate the number of articles reporting on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in 8 well-respected pediatric neurology journals. Objective 2 was to determine how many patients from a single pediatric neurology practice referred to a clinic for diagnosis and management of neurobehavioral disorders received a diagnosis of ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Results Objective 1, a survey of 8 prominent pediatric neurology journals until January 2024, found that a title and abstract search identified 1786 articles on the three topics. Papers on autism spectrum disorder (n =1043) accounted for 58.4% of the total. Papers on ADHD (n = 685) comprised 38.4% and articles on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (n = 58) contributed just 3.3% of the total. Objective 2, a chart review of 40 patients from a single pediatric neurology clinic who were referred for developmental assessment and management, found that 40% had prenatal alcohol exposure and 20% received a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. High rates of comorbidity between fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and ADHD of 21% and of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and autism spectrum disorder of 2.5% were found. Conclusions Because fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is one of the most common causes of neurodevelopmental disorders, the limited attention to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in pediatric neurology journals is concerning. This study suggests that in addition to ADHD and autism spectrum disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder may also be a common diagnosis in pediatric neurology practice. Pediatric neurology journals may need to take active steps to increase content on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This could include editorials, invited commentaries, or topical reviews. Early recognition and diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder allows for the implementation of specific interventions, which can improve the quality of life for patients and families.
Optimizing the Stabilization of LLDPE during Processing by Using Melt Flow Parameters*This paper was first presented at Addcon '98, held on 9th-10th November 1998 in London, UK
Authors: Thurmer A. , Malik J. , Dongiovanni E. , Stoll K.H. 
Published: December 2024

Efficient stabilization packages are always applied in LLDPE film grades, in order to guarantee continuous processing without deterioration of the polymer’s properties. The stabilization efficiency of three additive systems, containing different phosphorus stabilizers was studied. Analysing the changes in MFI (molecular weight) and in MFR (melt flow ratio, related to molecular weight distribution) after multiple extrusions leads to complex information about the parameters influencing the degradation behaviour of LLDPE. It was found that the molecular properties of the polyethylene can he significantly affected even by mild processing conditions during the first melt processing stage and that the performance of a processing stabilizer has to be assessed for its initial inhibition efficiency in processing.
The onset presentation of multiple sclerosis differs in Hispanic/Latinx Americans compared with non-Hispanic White Americans
Authors: Briggs Farren BS , Conway Devon S , Hersh Carrie M , Fitzgerald Kathryn C , Mowry Ellen , Cohen Jeffrey A , Ontaneda Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Background: Little is known about how multiple sclerosis (MS) presents in Hispanic/Latinx (HL) people with MS (pwMS). Objective: Compare age at onset (AAO) and onset severity between HL versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) pwMS. Methods: A cross-sectional study leveraged the MS PATHS registry spanning seven US tertiary care institutions. HL was subcategorized as HL White (HLW) and HL Other (HLO; all other races). Multivariable models examined relationships between ethnoracial variables and AAO and self-reported presenting disease course. Models were repeated restricting to those born ⩾1970. Results: The study population included 8231 pwMS, including 540 HL (200 HLW, 340 HLO). The sex distribution did not differ across ethnoracial subgroups. From the statistical models (1) HLO pwMS had an earlier AAO and a higher prevalence of initial progressive disease course than NHW pwMS; (2) among all HL pwMS, irrespective of race, AAO did not differ by sex or between relapsing and progressive MS at onset. In younger HLO adults (born ⩾1970), those with progressive MS at onset had an earlier AAO than those with relapsing MS; and (3) in HL pwMS there was no sex-bias in presenting disease course. Discussion: Distinct differences in the presentation of MS in HL compared with NHW individuals were observed.
Speaking Stata: Getting by without the by() option: Some graphics for unequal groups
Authors: Cox Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2024

The by() option of the graph command is often used to show groups or subsets of some data in separate panels or facets of a graphical display. If groups are unequal in size, the result may seem awkward or inefficient in use of space. Devices to allow such groups to be shown directly without using a by() option are explained and exemplified for graph dot and its siblings and for graph twoway. New variables to show rank within groups and (if needed) separation of groups are easily constructed. Group summaries such as medians may easily be added. Graph types shown are dot charts, quantile plots, and displays using spikes to show differences between variables. Data examples are for ocean salinity and changes in weight of anorexic girls.
The middle meningeal artery Patency After Coil Embolization (PACE) score: A novel descriptor of angiographic occlusion
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas S. , Sindewald Ryan W. , Brandel Michael G. , Wali Arvin R. , Murthy Nikhil K. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Pannell Jeffrey S. , Khalessi Alexander A. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction A scoring system to characterize the efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is lacking and would help predict the likelihood of subdural hematoma resolution. Methods We developed a simple angiographic classification system ranging from 0 to 3 for quantifying MMA Patency After Coil Embolization (PACE) based residual flow distal to the embolization. MMA embolizations using coils at our institution were used to validate the PACE score system using procedural angiograms. Follow-up CT scans following embolization were reviewed for acute blood products, and to characterize long-term resolution. Results 60 patients were included in the study, with a total of 80 subdural hematomas with follow-up imaging that were available for analysis. 37 patients had a PACE score of 0, 18 had a PACE score of 1, 4 had a PACE score of 2, and 1 had a PACE score of 3. The presence of acute blood products was significantly lower in PACE 0 compared to PACE 1, 2, or 3. The cross-sectional area of the chronic subdural collections was statistically lower on follow-up CT scans after coil embolization. Conclusions Coil embolization of the MMA may reduce the incidence of acute blood products after embolization and decrease the cross-sectional area of chronic subdural hematoma on long-term follow-up. Lower PACE scores may correlate with lower rates of acute blood products after the procedure and increased resolution of chronic subdural hematoma on follow-up. A larger cohort is required to characterize the superiority between the PACE scores.