bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Networks based OSA Event Prediction from ECG Scalograms and Spectrograms
Authors: Nasifoglu Huseyin , Erogul Osman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models in predicting Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using electrocardiograms. Unlike other studies in the literature, this study automatically extracts time-frequency features by using CNNs instead of manual feature extraction from ECG recordings. For this purpose, the proposed model generates scalogram and spectrogram representations by transforming preprocessed 30-sec ECG segments from time domain to the frequency domain using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Short Time Fourier transform (STFT), respectively. We examined AlexNet, GoogleNet and ResNet18 models in predicting OSA events. The effect of transfer learning on success is also investigated. Based on the observed results, we proposed a new model that is found more effective in estimation. In total, 152 ECG recordings were included in the study for training and evaluation of the models. The prediction using scalograms immediately 30 seconds before potential OSA onsets gave the best performance with 82.30% accuracy, 83.22% sensitivity, 82.27% specificity and 82.95% positive predictive value. On the other hand, the prediction using spectrograms also provided up to 80.13% accuracy and 81.99% sensitivity on prediction. The results show that the proposed CNN model can be used as a good indicator to accurately predict OSA events using ECG signals.
Fungal Community and Physicochemical Profiles of Ripened Cheeses
Authors: Aragão Michele , Evangelista Suzana , Passamani Fabiana , Guimarães João Pedro , Abreu Luiz , Batista Luis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ripened cheeses are traditionally produced and consumed worldwide. Canastra’s Minas artisanal cheese (QMA) is a protected geographical indication (PGI) traditional ripened cheeses. The influence of fungi on the cheese ripening process is of great importance. This study aimed to apply culture-dependent and -independent methods to determine the mycobiota of QMA produced in the Canastra region, as well as to determine its physicochemical characteristics. Samples from different producers were collected in the cities of São Roque de Minas and Piumhi (MG). Illumina-based amplicon sequencing, and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight - (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) methods were used. The physicochemical analysis showed that the QMA had a moisture content between 18.24% and 21%, fat content between 20.5% and 40%, sodium chloride percentage around 0.9%, and pH of 5.5 to 5.3. The population of fungi ranged between 6.3 and 8 log CFU/g. Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum, Paecilomyces sp., Trichosporon coremiiforme, Candida catenulata, Aspergillus sp., Trichosporon japonicum, A. oryzae, Kluyveromyces, Torulaspora, and Debaryomyces were the most prevalent fungi. A. ochraceus potentially mycotoxin-producing was detected. Promising species that can contribute to the product quality were identified as Geotrichum candidum and Candida catenulate. However, future studies should evaluate the ability of A. ochraceus to produce mycotoxin in cheese, as well as control the growth of certain species of fungi during ripening, resulting in a safe and high quality product.
Research on the Image Building of the Typical City and Ancient Town in the Southern China from the Perspective of Water Culture
Authors: Feng Chang , Pi Xiaofeng , Yang Liu , Deng Yunyuan , Chen Yixin , Wu Zhuolin , Huang Xianhua , Liu Ziyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization in China, the characteristics of traditional ancient towns are gradually assimilated by modern culture. Image is the characteristics and individuality of cities and ancient towns. Image building has also become an important means to enhance urban competitiveness, protect the characteristic culture of ancient towns and develop tourism in ancient towns. This research takes Changsha city and Jinggang ancient towns as examples, and based on physical water culture, behavioral water culture and spiritual water culture, which are analyzed and compared from the perspective of figuration and imagery. The results show that the water culture’s visualization has similar and different of these two places. The similarity is reflected in the obvious spatial development structure and derived water culture of the places. The differences are reflected in the following aspects: (1)Changsha city’s natural water landscapes such as scenic spots along the river, islands and scenic spots, ecological leisure parks, etc. Jinggang Ancient Town is dominated by temples, ancient theaters and other cultural attractions. (2) There are many ports, navigation junctions and modern water conservancy establishments in Changsha; Jinggang ancient town are well preserved about the ancient quay and other ancient water conservancy establishment. (3) Changsha City presents the urban spirit of “being the first and keeping the world in mind”. Jinggang Ancient Town believes in “Water God”. Combining the similarities and differences between the water cultural visualized of Changsha and Jinggang ancient town, it is proposed that Changsha should pay attention to protecting the water cultural heritage, Jinggang ancient town need to create natural water landscapes, and both regions need to increase water cultural activities. The suggestion provided reference for similar water culture building visualize of cities or ancient towns.
Berberine Attenuates Neonatal Sepsis in Rats By Inhibiting FOXA1 and NF-κB Signaling Transduction Via The Induction of miR-132-3p
Authors: Li Binghui , Niu Shiping , Geng Hongli , Yang Changkun , Zhao Changliang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a severe syndrome in newborns induced by infections, the initiation and development of which are closely related to the function of miRs. In the current study, the anti-NS effects of berberine, a functional component in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), were assessed by focusing on its interaction with miR-132-3p-mediated signaling. NS model was induced using cecal slurry (CS) and handled with berberine. The changes in survival rate, intestinal structure, systemic inflammation, miR-132-3p level, and activities of FOXA1 and NF-κB pathways were detected. The data showed that berberine increased survival rate of NS mice. The intestinal injures induced by CS were also attenuated by berberine, which was associated with the inhibited production of systemic IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. At molecular level, the expression of miR-132-3p was up-regulated, suppressing the expressions of FOXA1, p-IκBα, and p65, while inducing the expression of IκBα. The effects of berberine on NS-induced impairments were blocked by the injection of miR-132-3p antagomir, which reduced survival rate, exacerbated intestinal injuries, induced systemic inflammation, and re-activated FOXA1 and NF-κB pathways. Collectively, the findings outlined in the current study indicated that berberine had solid protective effects on newborn mice against NS-induced symptoms, and the effects depended on the up-regulation of miR-132-3p.
GGADN: Guided Generative Adversarial Dehazing Network
Authors: Jian Zhang , Song Wanjuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Image dehazing has always been a challenging topic in image processing. The development of deep learning methods, especially the Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN), provides a new way for image dehazing. In recent years, many deep learning methods based on GAN have been applied to image dehazing. However, GAN has two problems in image dehazing.

Firstly, For haze image, haze not only reduces the quality of the image, but also blurs the details of the image. For Gan network, it is difficult for the generator to restore the details of the whole image while removing the haze. Secondly, GAN model is defined as a minimax problem, which weakens the loss function. It is difficult to distinguish whether GAN is making progress in the training process. Therefore, we propose a Guided Generative Adversarial Dehazing Network(GGADN). Different from other generation adversarial networks, GGADN adds a guided module on the generator. The guided module verifies the network of each layer of the generator. At the same time, the details of the map generated by each layer are strengthened. Network training is based on the pre-trained VGG feature model and L1-regularized gradient prior which is developed by new loss function parameters. From the dehazing results of synthetic images and real images, proposed method is better than the state-of-the-art dehazing methods.
Impact of Environmental Complexity and Stocking Density on Affective States of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Anderson M.G. , Campbell A.M. , Kuhn D.D. , Smith S.A. , Jacobs L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Affective states of animals can be assessed through judgement bias tests, evaluating responses to ambiguous situations. In this study, rainbow trout (n = 108) were housed in recirculating aquaculture systems under commercial conditions while trained at tank-level to discriminate between a positively reinforced chamber (feed) in one location and a negative chamber (positive punishment; chase by net for 1s) in the opposing location. Fish from successful tanks (2 out of 5 tanks) were then housed in treatment tanks of either high or low environmental complexity at either high (165 fish/m3) or low (69 fish/m3) stocking density. Trained fish were tested for latencies to approach three intermediate, ambiguous chambers. Fish housed in high-density tanks were faster to enter all chambers than those housed in low-density tanks (8.5s vs. 15.2s; P = 0.001), with faster entries into the positive (7.4s vs. 15.2s; P = 0.02) and near-negative chambers (10.2s vs. 17.4s; P = 0.006), suggesting that these fish were more optimistic to receive a feed reward. Tank complexity did not affect test outcomes. No differences between treatments were observed between body weight, length, and plasma cortisol. Overall, rainbow trout are capable of discriminating between cues during a judgement bias test and fish housed in high-density environments respond more optimistically in ambiguous situations compared to fish in low-density environments.
Interfacial Engineering of Smart Polymer Self-Assembly Using Doped-Nanostructures for Constructing Stable Nano-Carriers
Authors: Arabmarkadeh Arash , Mortezaei Nasser , Mirzaasadi Mojtaba , Hejazi Amin , Sepehri Amir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology has been developed in various fields of treatment, including cancer treatment. Since the prevalence of different types of cancer has risen, and currently available cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy may cause serious side effects. In this regard, researchers have made considerable efforts to encourage the creation and make strides in treating this deadly disease. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has become widespread, and various nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, have been extensively used to transfer the drug to the targeted sites. Recently, many drug delivery systems have been developed based on nanoparticles, and various substances have been employed as drug stimulants or enhancers to improve the treatment effectiveness, stability, and safety of anticancer drugs. In this paper, the drug delivery capability of three new categories of carbon nanoparticles (i.e., Fullerenes, nanosheets, and Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs)) was investigated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. Energy, Gyration Radius (Rg), Hydrogen bond (H-Bond), Radial Distribution Function (RDF), and Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA) analyses have been used to compare the studied nanoparticles. The Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) nanosheet simulation exhibited the lowest drug particle Contact Area, the highest RDF, the most inferior reduction in the Rg, the highest number of H-Bonds, and the highest drug adsorption energy. Thus, BCN nanosheet was introduced as the best nanoparticle for drug delivery purposes.
Evolution, heterogeneity and global dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype: The most widespread genotype of Dengue Virus type 2
Authors: Yenamandra Surya Pavan , Koo Carmen , Chiang Suzanna , Jeri Lim Han Shi , Yeo Zhen Yuan , Ng Lee Ching , Hapuarachchi Hapuarachchige Chanditha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) contributes substantially to the dengue burden and dengue-related mortality in the tropics and sub-tropics. DENV-2 includes six genotypes, among which cosmopolitan genotype is the most widespread. The present study investigated the evolution, intra-genotype heterogeneity and dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype to understand unique genetic characteristics that have shaped the molecular epidemiology and distribution of cosmopolitan lineages. The spatial analysis demonstrated a wide geo-distribution of cosmopolitan genotype through an extensive inter-continental network, anchored in Southeast Asia and Indian sub-continent. Intra-genotype analyses using 2,392 envelope gene sequences revealed six distinct lineages within the cosmopolitan genotype, namely the Indian sub-continent lineage and five other lineages. Indian sub-continent lineage was the most diverged among six lineages and has almost reached the nucleotide divergence threshold of 6% within E gene to qualify as a separate genotype. Genome wide amino acid signatures and selection pressure analyses further suggested differences in evolutionary characteristics between the Indian sub-continent lineage and other lineages. The present study narrates a comprehensive genomic analysis of cosmopolitan genotype and presents notable genetic characteristics that occurred during its evolution and global expansion. Whether those characteristics conferred a fitness advantage to cosmopolitan genotype in different geographies warrant further investigations.
Assessment of Community-based Service Learning at the University of Lyon: an Opportunity to Rethink Public Health Education
Authors: LEBLANC Pierre , Occelli Pauline , Etienne Jerome , Rode Gilles , Colin Cyrille 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. The French government set up a community-based service learning programme on health promotion for undergraduate health students to involve them in key public health objectives. At the University of Lyon, students first underwent formal instruction, including e-learning, lectures, and interactive seminars, and then became health educators for school pupils. The main objective of the present study was to assess the process of implementing this programme during the 2018-2019 academic year.Methods. Satisfaction and perception of medical and midwife students with service learning experiences were assessed by a questionnaire, semi-directive interviews, and observations.Results. Over time the students evolved from a negative perception of service learning to a positive one. Students were mostly satisfied by interactive seminars that allowed them to gain confidence and competence in health education. They felt valued by taking part in this service learning. They became more aware of their educative responsibilities on public health issues as future professionals.Conclusions. Students had a positive perception of the implementation of a community-based service learning programme in our University, as it seems a good way to raise their awareness of prevention and health education issues.
Self Reported Hearing Impairments And Associated Risk Factors Among Metal And WoodWork Workers in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia, 2020.
Authors: Abera Eshetu , Yallew WalelegnWorku , Wami Sintayehu Daba 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss ranges from 16–24%. Moreover, occupational noise exposure is a major public health problem among metal and woodwork workers in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence about the risk of hearing impairments and level of noise exposure in Ethiopia.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study 580 metal and woodwork employees in Gondar town were surveyed from February10-March 25/2020. The data were collected through an interviewer-administered questioner and the noise exposure level was measured using an ICE 651 type II sound pressure level meter. The data were entered into EPI info version7 and analyzed using SPSS20 version software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hearing impairments.
Result

The overall prevalence of self-reported hearing impairment was 20.7% [95%CI: (17.4–24)]. From the total participants, 11.2% of the woodwork and 9.5% of metal workers reported hearing impairments. The mean (± SD) noise exposure level in both industries was 96.63 ± 3.7 dBA. Listening to music using earphones for more than two hours per day [AOR = 5.33, 95% CI (1.29, 21.9)] and playing music with loud volume (AOR = 3.75 (1.13, 12.43) were significant risk factors for hearing impairments.
Conclusion

The prevalence of hearing impairment is comparable in metal and woodwork worker, but higher noise exposure level is recorded in woodwork industry and the majority of the employees exposed to the noise level above the permissible exposure limit. Therefore, the hearing conservation program shall be implemented in both wood and metalwork industries.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Postoperative Pulmonary Infection in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: LI Shuang , Su Jingwen , Sui Qiyu , Wang Gongchao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The main aim of this study is to construct and validate a nomogram for estimating the risk of POI by investigating how perioperative features contribute to POI. Material and Methods: This cohort study enrolled 637 patients with esophageal cancer. Perioperative information on participants were collected to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer. Predictive accuracy, discriminatory capability and clinical usefulness were evaluated by calibration curves, concordance index (C-index) and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that length of stay, albumin, intraoperative bleeding, and perioperative blood transfusion were independent predictors of POI. The nomogram for assessing individual risk of POI indicated good predictive accuracy in the primary cohort (C-index, 0.802) and validation cohort (C-index, 0.763). Good consistency between predicted risk and observed actual risk was presented as the calibration curve. The nomogram for estimating POI of esophageal cancer had superior net benefit with a wide range of threshold probabilities (4–81%). Conclusions: The present study provided a nomogram developed with perioperative features to assess the individual probability of infection may conducive to strengthen awareness of infection control and provide appropriate resource to manage patients at high-risk following esophagectomy.
Long-Term Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Veenendaal Nadine Van , Meulen Ingeborg Van der , Onrust Marisa , Paans Wolter , Dieperink Willem , Voort Peter Van der 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe COVID-19 pandemic causes high rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. After ICU-discharge patients and family members can suffer from persisting impairments known as ‘Post Intensive Care Syndrome’ (PICS) and PICS-family. Since COVID-19 is relatively new, there is barely any knowledge on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 ICU-survivors and their family members.OBJECTIVESThis study aims to gain insight in the long-term physical, social and psychological functioning of COVID-19 ICU-survivors and their family members at three- and six-months following ICU discharge.METHODSA single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted in COVID-19 ICU-survivors and their family members. Enrolled participants received questionnaires at three and six months after ICU discharge. The MOS Short-Form General Health Survey, Clinical Frailty Scale, spirometry tests, McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF6+), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and return to work were used to evaluate physical, social and psychological functioning.RESULTSSixty COVID-19 ICU-survivors and 78 family members participated. Physical functioning was impaired in ICU-survivors as reflected by a score of 33.3 (IQR 16.7-66.7) and 50 (IQR 16.7-83.3) on the physical functioning subscale at 3- and 6-months follow-up respectively. Diffusion lung capacity was reduced in 69% of patients. Ninety percent of the ICU-survivors reported persistent symptoms after 6 months. Social functioning was impaired as 90% of the COVID-19 ICU-survivors did not reach their pre-ICU employment level, 6 months after ICU-discharge. Psychological functioning in ICU-survivors was normal. Family members experienced worse employment status in 35% and 34% including a decrease in employment rate of 18.3% and 7.4% at 3- and 6-months post ICU-discharge, respectively. Psychologically, 63% of the family members reported ongoing impaired well-being due to the COVID-19 related mandatory physical distance to their relatives.CONCLUSIONWe have shown that COVID-19 ICU-survivors suffer from a prolonged burden of disease, prominent in physical- and social functioning, worse employment status and persisting symptoms in 90%. In addition, family members also report long term effects expressed by a reduction in return to work and impaired well-being. Further research needs to extend the follow up and to study the effects of standardized rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients and their family members.