bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Application of Carbon Performance Evaluation Index System for Chinese Industrial Enterprises From the Perspective of Low‐Carbon Transition
Authors: Wang Liping , Chen Longjun , Gao Panpan , Li Chuang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe active implementation of low‐carbon practices by enterprises is essential for achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality (“dual carbon”). These low‐carbon practices are reflected not only in the greening of resource inputs but also in the low‐carbon performance at the output level. Therefore, this study uses carbon cost calculations as a link and combines them with the relationship between inputs and outputs to conduct a multidimensional evaluation of the carbon performance of industrial enterprises from the perspective of low‐carbon transformation. The findings indicate that: (1) From 2010 to 2021, the carbon performance levels of Chinese industrial enterprises displayed a stable upward trend. (2) Across various dimensions from 2010 to 2021, notable achievements in the low‐carbon economic dimension were observed in terms of environmental investment and green invention patents, while there remains considerable room for optimising carbon costs. In the environmental management dimension, a disconnect persists between enterprises' environmental awareness and their low‐carbon actions; however, there is a gradual increase in the enthusiasm for environmental certifications, and significant progress has been made in implementing emergency response mechanisms. Regarding low‐carbon emission reduction, enterprises have significantly enhanced their pollution prevention capabilities, yet improving the energy consumption structure remains a critical challenge for achieving low‐carbon production. In the low‐carbon social impact dimension, while media and public oversight, as well as government environmental penalties, exert a deterrent effect on corporate environmental governance, their overall effectiveness is insufficient and requires strengthening. (3) From the overall annual performance of various indicators from 2010 to 2021, environmental investment and the implementation of the “three simultaneous” system received notably high scores of 0.055166667 and 0.0403524, respectively, underscoring their significant roles in enhancing the carbon performance levels of Chinese industrial enterprises. In contrast, the penalty degree received the lowest score of 0.0000939, indicating that the government's environmental penalty mechanisms need further improvement and enforcement. These research findings can provide a decision‐making foundation for the national dual carbon strategy and support enterprises in achieving sustainable development goals while offering a Chinese perspective for international emissions reduction.
Modifiable Clinical Dental Impression Methods to Obtain Whole‐Mouth and Detailed Dental Traits From Vertebrates
Authors: Wibisana Johannes N. , Sallan Ray A. , Ota Towa , Puchenkov Pavel , Kubo Tai , Sallan Lauren 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDental impressions, developed for accurate capture of oral characteristics in human clinical settings, are seldom used in research on nonlivestock, nonprimate, and especially nonmammalian vertebrates due to a lack of appropriate tools. Studies of dentitions in most vertebrate species usually require euthanasia and specimen dissection, microCT and other scans with size and resolution tradeoffs, and/or ad‐hoc individual impressions or removal of single teeth. These approaches prevent in‐vivo studies that factor in growth and other chronological changes and separate teeth from the context of the whole mouth. Here, we describe a non‐destructive method for obtaining high‐resolution dentition‐related traits that can be used on both living animals and museum specimens for almost all vertebrates, involving a customizable and printable dental impression tray. This method has repeatedly and accurately captured whole‐mouth morphology and detailed features at high resolution in the living non‐teleost actinopterygian fish, Polypterus senegalus, in a laboratory setting. It can be used for comparative morphology and to observe temporal changes such as the presence of microwear, tooth replacement rates, and occlusal and morphological changes through ontogeny.
Histological Study of Skin Structures From Selected Body Areas in the Varanus komodoensis
Authors: Lipińska A. , Tarnowska M. , Janeczek M. , Jawień P. , Goździewska‐Harłajczuk K. , Klećkowska‐Nawrot J. , Hrabska L. , Kuropka P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe skin of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is covered by a form of armour formed mainly of scales, which often co‐occur with osteoderms. Scales are keratinized, non‐mineralized structures in the uppermost layer of the epidermis that are in contact with each other to form a system in which individual scales are isolated from each other by a softer skin fold zone. In the Varanus, the surface of the scales is flat and smooth (thoracic limb, abdomen, and tail areas), domed and smooth (head area) or domed with conical ornamentation (dorsal surface, pelvic limb—dorsal surface areas). In contrast, osteoderms are mineralized structures that are an integral part of the skin, located below the epidermal surface and positioned parallel (head, tail, thoracic limb‐dorsal surface, thoracic limb‐palmar surface, and tail) or obliquely (pelvic limb‐dorsal surface, groin, abdomen) to the surface. Regardless of the body region, osteoderms are structures that are completely anchored in the dermis, and their surface is smooth and devoid of ornamentation. Tangential sections of the osteoderms demonstrate concentric resting lines. Histological sections of the varanid dermis show the presence of collagen bundles, parallel interlacing or crossing bundles of collagen fibers of varying thickness and degree of compactness, accompanied by muscle fibers. In the area of skin close to the osteoderm, loosely arranged bundles of collagen fibers are present, while in the zone distal to the osteoderm, a compact arrangement of these fibers is present. This study documents the morphological diversity and distribution of osteoderms and scales in selected areas of the body of V. komodoensis. Scales are characterized by a high polymorphism related to body region, while osteoderms show a high morphological similarity independent of the area of occurrence.
Seronegative Vaccinees May Not Benefit From Multiple Booster Doses of MMR Vaccine in Restoring Immunity
Authors: Anichini Gabriele , Terrosi Chiara , Alessandri Giulia , Miceli Giovanni B. , Borrelli Emma , Fabrizi Simonetta , Savellini Gianni G. , Cusi Maria G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the availability of a highly efficacious vaccine, a global resurgence of measles infections has occurred, largely due to decreased vaccination coverage and waning immunity following the two‐dose vaccination schedule. This study aims to assess the cellular immune response in individuals who did not respond to the two‐dose MMR vaccine and evaluate the efficacy and durability of immune responses after booster doses. An observational study was conducted involving 24 individuals who were seronegative for measles years after completing the two‐dose MMR vaccine schedule. Of these, 11 seroconverted after a single booster dose, while 13 required an additional booster. Antibody levels were monitored 1 and 3 years post‐booster. Cellular immune responses were evaluated in 10 nonresponders by in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with UV‐inactivated measles virus. In nonresponders, measles virus stimulation did not induce significant alterations in T, B, or NK cell populations, indicating a lack of measles‐specific immune memory. However, stimulation with rubella induced a significant immune response. Booster doses in subjects with waning antibodies resulted in low IgG titers, which significantly declined over 3 years. Neutralizing antibody titers were also low for both double and single booster recipients. This study highlights the limited long‐term efficacy of booster doses in individuals with waning immunity or nonresponsiveness to the measles vaccine. Current vaccination strategies relying on booster doses may not be sufficient for sustained protection in these individuals. Improving vaccine formulations to elicit stronger and longer‐lasting immunity is essential for effective measles control and elimination.
Design and Optimization of Multilayered Microwave Absorber Structures for X‐Band Frequencies: Application on Composite Materials Comprising Ceramic, Polyaniline/Magnetite, and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Karim Benzaoui , Achour Ales , Youcef Amin Medjaouri , Abdelhalim Zaoui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of multilayered microwave absorbing materials are very efficient compared with those of single layer. In this article, a hybrid optimization algorithm (genetic algorithm + pattern search) combined with transmission line matrix method has been presented. The selection of parameters, including the arrangement of layers, thickness of layers, absorption index, and shielding efficiency, forms the foundation of this process. The optimization algorithm was applied to two new multilayered structures. The first structure consists of conductive layers (CLs) of carbon nanotube (CNT) with ceramic layers of zirconium dioxide . The second structure includes CLs of CNT with layers based on magnetite polyaniline nanomaterial (PANI_). Performances of both structures were evaluated in the X‐band frequency range. Simulation results showed that both designs have higher absorption index picks (> 90%) and, low magnitude value with low layer thickness. This approach offers a solid foundation for future experimental trials in the development of efficient microwave absorbing and shielding structures with tunable electromagnetic performances suitable for X‐band applications.
Multi‐Model Projection of Climate Extremes under 1.5°C–4°C Global Warming Levels across Iran
Authors: Najafi Mohammad Reza , Abbasian Mohammad , Na Wooyoung , RahimiMovaghar Melika , Bakhtiari Soheil , Islam Md Robiul , Fereshtehpour Mohammad , Jalili Pirani Farshad , Rezvani Reza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of climate extremes in Iran and projects future changes using data from seven General Circulation Models (GCMs) that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). We assess the impacts of climate change under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 emission scenarios, considering global warming levels of 1.5°C, 2°C, 3°C, and 4°C above preindustrial levels. Gridded observations are derived from ground measurements, using the SYMAP algorithm at a 1/8° latitude–longitude resolution. Subsequently, statistical downscaling of GCMs is performed using the Multivariate Bias Correction (MBC) and Bias Correction Constructed Analogues with Quantile Mapping Reordering (BCCAQ) approaches. Projected changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events are evaluated using the CLIMDEX indices. The findings indicate consistent rises in annual temperatures across Iran, with temperature indices such as warm spell duration and the monthly minimum value of daily temperature exhibiting substantial increases, about twofold by the +4.0°C period. Additionally, the study highlights a potential intensification in precipitation extremes (Rx1day, Rx5day, R90p, R95p), suggesting a heightened risk of more frequent and severe floods, particularly in the western, northern, and northwestern regions. These insights underline the critical need for region‐specific adaptation strategies to address the risks associated with climate change in Iran.
Leveraging Green Chromatography in Quality‐by‐Design‐Driven Study for the Simultaneous Analysis of Essential Single‐Pill Antidiabetic Drug Combinations
Authors: Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Alamir Samy G. , Maged Khaled , Magdy Galal , Salman Baher I. , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicellar liquid chromatography (MLC) has proven beneficial efficiency and ecological impact for routine quality control activities. In the proposed study, cyrene was investigated for the first time, together with other green additives, as a novel safe organic solvent in reversed‐phase MLC. Quality‐by‐design (QbD) approach screened their effect on the separation performance. Six antidiabetic drugs from different classes, namely, metformin (MTF), empagliflozin (EMP), ertugliflozin (ERT), linagliptin (LNT), sitagliptin (SIT), and gliclazide (GCZ) were utilized to assess some newly approved antidiabetic drugs and combinations. An organic solvent‐free mobile phase consisting of (0.01 M Brij‐35, 0.09 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 0.01 M ammonium acetate, pH 5.0) separated the studied drugs using an RP‐C18 core–shell column. The flow rate was set at 1.2 mL/min, and analytes were detected using a photodiode array detector at 245, 270, and 225 nm. System suitability parameters demonstrated MLC capability to eliminate organic solvents without compromising separation efficiency. The method was validated across a concentration range of 2.0–30.0 µg/mL for EMP, ERT, and LNT, 20.0–120.0 µg/mL for GCZ and SIT, and 100.0–600.0 µg/mL for MTF. The method successfully determined analytes in different single and multicomponent tablets. Greenness assessment was performed using MoGAPI and AGREE metrics.
High‐Resolution Non‐Line‐of‐Sight Tracking By Comb‐Calibrated FMCW LiDAR
Authors: Ye Ruilin , Huang Xin , Li Jialin , Li Wenwen , Xu Feihu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) tracking has the ability to detect and locate moving objects which are hidden from the direct line of sight. It has a number of potential applications in autonomous driving, security and search‐and‐rescue scenarios. The current approaches for NLOS tracking mostly rely on time‐of‐flight (ToF) LiDAR, mmWave radar or RGB camera. However, they may either have a limited resolution or need accumulation to detect the position and velocity. Here a real‐time comb‐calibrated frequency‐modulated‐continuous‐wave (FMCW) LiDAR system is proposed and demonstrated for high‐resolution NLOS tracking. A 3D positioning (and velocity) accuracy of 2 mm (and 2 mm s−1) and the capability to realize real‐time multi‐object tracking are demonstrated in experiment. Importantly, the FMCW‐LiDAR approach can obtain the position and velocity of multiple objects in a snapshot, thus resolving the problems of measurement origin uncertainty, false alarm, and detection overlap in multi‐target tracking. The proposed approach shows significant potential for practical applications in NLOS detection and sensing.
Marketization of Data Elements and Enterprise Green Governance Performance: A Quasi‐Natural Experiment Based on Data Trading Platforms
Authors: Wang Weilong , Xiao Deheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGreen corporate governance not only contributes to the sustainable development of enterprises but also promotes the overall environmental improvement of society, achieving a win–win situation for both the economy and the environment. With the development and progress of society, data factors have become a key motivator for corporate green governance, and the promotion of marketization of data elements (MDE) is of great significance in releasing data factor dividends and strengthening the green development system. It is particularly important to clarify the correlation between enterprise green governance performance (GGP) and data factor marketization as a necessary path for the sustainable development of Chinese enterprises. Using data from listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐shares from 2010 to 2022, as well as the creation of a data trading platform as a quasi‐natural experiment for building data factor markets, this research investigates the impacts of MDE on GGP. We found that MDE significantly contributes to GGP. After going through several robustness tests, this conclusion holds up. The mechanism verifies that data factor marketization promotes GGP by enhancing firms' innovation capability, optimizing data utilization, and alleviating firms' financing constraints. Through heterogeneity analysis, this paper explores how enhancing human capital level, developing high‐tech firms, and developing digital finance can further contribute to the promotional effect of data factor marketization on firms' GGP. Finally, the analysis of economic consequences finds that data factor marketization not only enhances the GGP of enterprises but also brings about economic effects and enhances the value of enterprises. This paper effectively identifies the green governance effect of data factor marketization from the GGP perspective, which offers crucial policy recommendations for advancing GGP in the era of big data.
Optimizing enzyme thermostability by combining multiple mutations using protein language model
Authors: Bian Jiahao , Tan Pan , Nie Ting , Hong Liang , Yang Guang‐Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptimizing enzyme thermostability is essential for advancements in protein science and industrial applications. Currently, (semi‐)rational design and random mutagenesis methods can accurately identify single‐point mutations that enhance enzyme thermostability. However, complex epistatic interactions often arise when multiple mutation sites are combined, leading to the complete inactivation of combinatorial mutants. As a result, constructing an optimized enzyme often requires repeated rounds of design to incrementally incorporate single mutation sites, which is highly time‐consuming. In this study, we developed an AI‐aided strategy for enzyme thermostability engineering that efficiently facilitates the recombination of beneficial single‐point mutations. We utilized thermostability data from creatinase, including 18 single‐point mutants, 22 double‐point mutants, 21 triple‐point mutants, and 12 quadruple‐point mutants. Using these data as inputs, we used a temperature‐guided protein language model, Pro‐PRIME, to learn epistatic features and design combinatorial mutants. After two rounds of design, we obtained 50 combinatorial mutants with superior thermostability, achieving a success rate of 100%. The best mutant, 13M4, contained 13 mutation sites and maintained nearly full catalytic activity compared to the wild‐type. It showed a 10.19°C increase in the melting temperature and an ~655‐fold increase in the half‐life at 58°C. Additionally, the model successfully captured epistasis in high‐order combinatorial mutants, including sign epistasis (K351E) and synergistic epistasis (D17V/I149V). We elucidated the mechanism of long‐range epistasis in detail using a dynamics cross‐correlation matrix method. Our work provides an efficient framework for designing enzyme thermostability and studying high‐order epistatic effects in protein‐directed evolution.
NAC4ED: A high‐throughput computational platform for the rational design of enzyme activity and substrate selectivity
Authors: Zhang Chuanxi , Feng Yinghui , Zhu Yiting , Gong Lei , Wei Hao , Zhang Lujia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn silico computational methods have been widely utilized to study enzyme catalytic mechanisms and design enzyme performance, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics, and multiscale QM/MM approaches. However, the manual operation associated with these methods poses challenges for simulating enzymes and enzyme variants in a high‐throughput manner. We developed the NAC4ED, a high‐throughput enzyme mutagenesis computational platform based on the “near‐attack conformation” design strategy for enzyme catalysis substrates. This platform circumvents the complex calculations involved in transition‐state searching by representing enzyme catalytic mechanisms with parameters derived from near‐attack conformations. NAC4ED enables the automated, high‐throughput, and systematic computation of enzyme mutants, including protein model construction, complex structure acquisition, molecular dynamics simulation, and analysis of active conformation populations. Validation of the accuracy of NAC4ED demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 92.5% for 40 mutations, showing strong consistency between the computational predictions and experimental results. The time required for automated determination of a single enzyme mutant using NAC4ED is 1/764th of that needed for experimental methods. This has significantly enhanced the efficiency of predicting enzyme mutations, leading to revolutionary breakthroughs in improving the performance of high‐throughput screening of enzyme variants. NAC4ED facilitates the efficient generation of a large amount of annotated data, providing high‐quality data for statistical modeling and machine learning. NAC4ED is currently available at http://lujialab.org.cn/software/.
Novel Stability and Stabilization Conditions for Fractional‐Order Systems With Mixed Delays
Authors: Chen Yi‐Nan , Lu Jun‐Guo , Zhang Qing‐Hao , Zhu Zhen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the stability and stabilization of the fractional‐order systems with mixed delays (FOSMDs), including discrete delays and distributed delays. At first, an order‐dependent stability condition for FOSMDs is derived with the use of small gain theorem. Then, based on the stability condition, a robust stability condition for the uncertain FOSMDs with polytopic uncertainties is proposed. Next, with the robust stability condition and the designed state feedback controllers, a robust stabilization condition for the uncertain FOSMDs is proposed. At last, several numerical examples are put forward to manifest the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Bio‐Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(L‐lactic acid) Blends With Cotton and Bleached Jute
Authors: Rahaman Md. Hafezur , Islam Md. Ariful , Islam Md. Monjurul , Khan G. M. Arifuzzaman , Gafur Md. Abdul , Alam S. M. Nur , Rahman Md. Aminur 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFirst, due to the brittle nature of the PLLA‐fiber (poly(L‐lactic acid)‐fiber) composite and then the poorer physical properties of the PVA‐fiber (Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐fiber) composite, composites with balanced properties were prepared using PVA, PLLA, and cotton or bleached jute. Here PVA and PLLA will serve as matrices while composites of PVA/PLLA/Cotton or bleached jute were prepared with different compositions (85/10/5), (70/20/10) and (55/30/15). The composites' physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were analyzed. Composites with larger amounts of PVA have higher water absorption capacities while composites with higher amounts of PLLA exhibit greater bulk densities. Tensile strength and elongation of PVA/PLLA/Cotton composites decrease with an increase in fiber loading, whereas that of PVA/PLLA/Bleached jute composite increases with fiber loading up to 10%, followed by a decrease. Young's modulus diminishes when the percentage of fiber in the composites increases. The peak temperature related to the second step of decomposition for the neat matrix was highest for the composite containing 10% of cotton and lowest for the 15% jute. Thermal expansion coefficient decreases with increasing fiber percentages. SEM images show that interfacial adhesion between PVA/PLLA blends with bleached jute is stronger than that of cotton fiber; cotton fiber reinforced composites reveal fiber slips during failure.
Finding connections to help students move forward
Authors: May Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Jason Shrontz is a full‐time faculty member at Klamath Community College, where he teaches courses in research writing, film, screenwriting, and fiction. He also supports local high school teachers who offer writing courses for college credit, and works closely with administration and faculty to design and integrate ethical AI use in the classroom. He earned his PhD from the University of Rhode Island for a dissertation that examined corporeality and human connection in the digital world. He and his wife and four children spend time biking the trails in southern Oregon.