bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logistical and Medical Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Influencing Swiss Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Soomann Maarja , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , Kaufmann Mark , Grazioli Serge , Perez Marie-Helene , Hilty Matthias , André Maya , Brotschi Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is difficult to quantify. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in all eight Swiss PICUs between 02-24-2020 and 06-15-2020 to characterize the logistical and medical aspects of the pandemic and their impact on Swiss PICUs. Out of the 1113 patients under the age of 20, who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland during the study period, 6% (63/1113) had to be hospitalized. All nine patients requiring intensive care had pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) and constituted 14% (9/63) of all hospitalized patients. The patients presented with multiple organ dysfunction, needed longer stays in PICUs (p < 0.0001) and longer positive pressure ventilation (p = 0.025) than the regular PICU patients. They caused a higher workload (total Nine Equivalents of nursing Manpower use Score (NEMS) points, p = 0.0008) and were classified to higher workload categories (p < 0.0001) than regular PICU patients (n = 4881) in 2019. PICU burden was also influenced by different logistical factors such as cancellation of planned surgeries and staff recruitment to adult wards.Conclusions The different logistical and medical factors associated with the pandemic influenced the workload of the individual PICUs differently, depending on the presence of the single factors and their temporal relationship. The experiences of the study period help further to organize Swiss PICUs during the current pandemic to reduce the workload and optimize occupancy.
A Week Long “PEP” Talk – Initial and 2-3 Year Longitudinal Data on the Ottawa Psychiatry Enrichment Program (OPEP)
Authors: Lee Elliott Kyung , Morra Alexandra , Bazaid Khalid , Bezzahou Abdellah , Simas Kevin , Taplin Christopher , Chun Soojin , Fiedorowicz Jess , Douglass Alan Bruce 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Recruitment to psychiatry has been challenging in Canada and abroad. Historically 4-6% of medical students match to psychiatry in Canada. Novel and innovative measures to increase interest in psychiatry among medical students are needed to meet the increasing demand for psychiatrists given the increasing burden of mental health issues globally. Common barriers include negative attitudes and stigma towards psychiatry and a paucity of knowledge about the field. The study goal was to evaluate the efficacy of the Ottawa Psychiatry Enrichment Program (OPEP), a one-week extracurricular program about psychiatry as a career, developed for 1st and 2nd year medical students to improve medical students’ attitudes towards psychiatry, and increase recruitment.Methods: 1st and 2nd year medical students from Canada applied to OPEP. Attendees completed the Attitudes Towards Psychiatry Questionnaire (ATP-30) before OPEP (PreOPEP), after OPEP (PostOPEP) and after their Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMs) match 2-3 years later. OPEP ATP-30 scores were compared to third-year student ATP-30 scores before and after their psychiatry rotation. Data were analysed using Friedman non-parametric ANOVA and post hoc testing by either Wilcoxon rank sum test, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, or parametric Welch independent t-test as appropriate. Effect sizes of group mean differences were calculated using Cohen’s “d”. Results: 29 students were selected for OPEP from 2017-2018 from across Canada. 100%, 93.1% and 75.8% of students completed the PreOPEP, PostOPEP, and CaRMs ATP-30 surveys respectively. 43% of OPEP attendees matched to psychiatry. PostOPEP ATP-30 scores (mean=133, median=137, SD=10.6) were significantly higher than PreOPEP ATP-30 (mean score=121, median=122, SD=9.3, p < 0.001) and CaRMS ATP-30 (mean=126, median=127, SD=12.3, p < 0.02) scores. OPEP effect size on ATP-30 scores was large (d=1.2) but decreased 2-3 years later (p=0.078, d=0.44). 97/202 students completed the ATP-30 before and after their psychiatry rotation (clerkship). Clerkship effect size on improvement in ATP-30 was moderate (d=0.39). There was a non significant difference between OPEP CaRMS ATP-30 and post clerkship ATP-30 scores (median 127 vs 121, p=0.056). Conclusions: OPEP ameliorated attitudes toward Psychiatry, but improvement deteriorated longitudinally. Additional strategies to boost/retain these improvements during clerkship years may be beneficial.
Genomic insights into the recent chromosome reduction and polyploidization of complex autopolyploid sugarcane S. spontaneum
Authors: Zhang Jisen , Zhang Qing , Qi Yiying , Pan Haoran , Wang Gang , Hua Xiuting , Wang Yongjun , Lin Lianyu , Li Zhen , Li Yihan , Ma Panpan , Dou Meijie , Wang Yibin , Wang Hengbo , Zhang Xingtan , Yao Wei , Wang Yuntong , Liu Xinlong , Wang Maojun , Wang Jianping , Deng Zuhu , Yang Qinghui , Chen Baoshan , Zhang Muqing , Tang Haibao , Ming Ray 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
S. spontaneum is a founding Saccharum species that contributes stress resistance to the genetic background of modern sugarcane cultivars. Here, we have assembled the autopolyploid S. spontaneum Np-X genome with ancestral form into 40 pseudo-chromosomes in 10 homologous groups, revealing the recent chromosome reduction and polyploidization that occurred in Saccharum. The paleo-duplicated chromosomal pairs exhibit functional redundancy in Saccharum and underwent fission followed by fusion accompanied by centromeric spreading around 0.80 million years ago (Mya) before evolving into their current forms with basic chromosome numbers x = 9 and x = 8 in S. spontaneum, likely in a stepwise manner. WGDs occurred independently in Saccharum species around 1.5 Mya. Highly diverse chromatin structures exist among homologous chromosomes despite their high collinearity, and the re-structuring of NpChr5 and NpChr8 might have suppressed switching of chromatin structure from inactive to active. Resequencing of 116 sugarcane accessions elucidated that the S. spontaneum originated from North India and that the basic chromosome numbers x = 8, x = 9, and x = 10 originated independently, indicating that recent chromosome reduction rather than polyploidization has driven the adaptive evolution of Saccharum. Our study provides genomic resources and suggests new directions for accelerating sugarcane improvement and advances our knowledge of the evolution of auto-polyploids.
Evaluation of Emerging Antimicrobials Resistance in nosocomial infections caused by E. coli: The comparison results of observed cases and compartmental model
Authors: kogani mohammad , eshrati babak , baradaran hamid reza , janani leila , nasehii mahshid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Early detection of Antimicrobials Resistance outbreaks is one of the most important goals of the World Health Organization. In this study, by comparing the observed cases of resistance with its expected cases, the outbreak of these resistances was investigated. It should be noted that this subject was not done in the country until the time of the study.
Methods
This study is a hospital-based study. Data related to all the university general of Iran (57 hospitals) were used. In these hospitals, all the patients who were infected by E.coli in time period of March 21 2017 to March 20 2018 were enrolled in the study. Then, using an index called the SIR; the observed cases of resistant E.coli were compared with the expected ones. This index is achieved from dividing the observed cases by its expected cases. If the obtained number is greater than one, it indicates the greater observed cases rather than the expected cases, which can represent Emerging. In order to compute SIR index, we divided the number of observed cases of Antimicrobials Resistance E.coli by the number of expected cases of each Antimicrobials Resistance E coli. To predict the expected cases of each Antimicrobials Resistance E coli, we developed one compartmental model. In this model, the number of patients is estimated using equations. Berkeley Madonna version 8.3.23 software was used to manipulate these equations.
Results
The SIR index for E.coli resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftazidime and Colistin were 1.2(1.1–1.3), 1.1(1.02–1.2) and 1.7(1.02–2.3) respectively. This index for E.coli resistant to Meropenem was .8 (.6-.9). In other cases, the calculated index was not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Ampicillin-resistant E.coli and Ceftazidime-resistant E.coli observed cases among nosocomial infections were greater than the expected cases. Hence it is necessary to reconsider using such type of antibiotics in treatment of nosocomial infections caused by E.coli. The results of this study could be important for health policy makers. In the future, outbreaks of this type of infection can be investigated with the help of the results of this study.
Adaptive Disassembly Sequence Planning for VR Maintenance Training via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Mao Haoyang , Liu Zhenyu , Qiu Chan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Given the great inconvenience caused by the randomness of the fault to the maintenance work, it is necessary to perform on-site and efficient disassembly planning for the faulty parts and present them in combination with virtual reality (VR) technology to achieve rapid repair. As a promising method in solving dynamistic and stochastic problems, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is adopted in this paper for the solution of adaptive disassembly sequence planning (DSP) in the VR maintenance training system, in which sequences can be generated dynamically based on user inputs. Disassembly Petri net is established to describe and model the disassembly process, and then the DSP problem is defined as a Markov decision process (MDP) that can be solved by the deep Q-network (DQN). For handling the temporal credit assignment with sparse rewards, the long-term return in DQN is replaced with the fitness function of the genetic algorithm (GA). Meanwhile, the update method of gradient descent in DQN is adopted to speed up the iteration of the population in GA. A case study has been conducted to prove that the proposed method can provide better solutions for DSP problems in terms of VR maintenance training.
Validation of the Regret Coping Scale for Healthcare Professionals (RCS-HCP) in Portuguese for Brazil
Authors: Smiderle Fabiana Rosa Neves , Ramos-Silva Valmin , Castro Stela Maris de Jezus , Courvoisier Delphine Sophie , Mattiello Rita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Assessment of the ability to cope with regret can contribute to support strategies for health professionals. However, in Brazil, there are few instruments that evaluate this ability in the general context. The aim of the study was to adapt and validate the Regret Coping Scale for Healthcare Professionals (RCS-HCP) for Brazilian health professionals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with professionals linked to tertiary care hospital institutions. In the validation, the instruments were translated, and the psychometric properties were evaluated for validity and reliability. Validity was assessed using the following validities: content (judges' evaluation), criterion (correlation with Satisfaction With Life Scale – SWLS and Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 – SRQ-20) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis using the method of Promax rotation, based on the slope graph and Kaiser criterion and confirmatory using the structural equation model). Reliability was measured using Cronbach's α coefficient and the test retested in a maximum period of 30 days. Reproducibility was calculated by intraclass correlation.Results: Three-hundred-forty-one professionals participated, with an average age of 38.6 ± 9.2 years, and 87 participated in a retest survey 30 days later. Exploratory factor analysis showed adequacy of the structure (KMO = 0.786) composed of three factors. In the confirmation, the performance was close to acceptable. Reliability was good for the maladaptive strategies (α = 0.834) and adequate for the problem-focused strategies (α = 0.717), but slightly too low for adaptive strategies (α = 0.595). Test-retest showed lower than expected values, with a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.703. Conclusions: The RCS-HCP scale showed satisfactory performance in relation to the properties evaluated.
Antimicrobial resistance and population genomics of extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli in pig farms in mainland China: a national wide epidemiological and microbiological study
Authors: Peng Zhong , Hu Zizhe , Li Zugang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Jia Chaoying , Li Tianzhi , Dai Menghong , Tan Chen , Xu Zhuofei , Wu Bin , Chen Huanchun , Wang Xiangru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most urgent threats to the global public health, and the expanding use of antimicrobials in food animals is considered as a main reason for the worldwide rapid increasing of AMR. However, AMR in animals in many regions are poorly documented. China is the largest pig-rearing and pork consumption country in the world. In the present study, we identified AMR in pig farms from all provinces (including Tibet and Qinghai) of mainland China by investigation of a common indicator bacterium Escherichia coli from both pigs and the breeding environmental samples. A total of 2693 samples from pigs and environments in 67 pig farms in all 31 provinces of mainland China were collected between 1 October 2018 to 30 September 2019, and a total of 1871 E. coli strains were isolated. By testing the susceptibility of these 1871 E. coli isolates on 28 types of antibiotics that commonly used in both human and veterinary medicine, we found that resistance to tetracycline (96.26%), chloramphenicol (82.04%), moxifloxacin (81.56%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80.38%) were the broad phenotypes among these E. coli isolates from pig farms in China. A proportion of E. coli isolates were resistant to colistin (3.79%), carbapenems (imipenem [2.62%], meropenem [2.30%], ertapenem [2.46%]), and broad-spectrum-cephalosporins (ceftriaxone [29.56%], cefepime [14.00%]). More than 70% of the isolates displayed multidrug-resistant (MDR), and/or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes, and MDR/XDR-E. coli was observed in pig farms in all provinces of mainland China. We also systematically revealed the distribution of O-serogroups, sequence types, resistance genes, virulence factors encoding genes, and putative plasmids of MDR/XDR-E. coli in pig farms from different provinces of China, and partially characterized the pathotypes of certain MDR/XDR-E. coli strains. In addition, the genetic transmission basis of the blaNDM, mcr, ESBL-encoding, fluoroquinolone-resistance, and tetX genes were addressed in this study. Most importantly, we suggested a very high genetic propensity of the pig farm-sourced MDR/XDR-E. coli in spreading into humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on a national scale that the resistance phenotypes and population genomics of E. coli in pig farms in China are revealed. Our data presented herein will help understand the current profile of AMR in pigs and also provide reference for policy formulation of AMR control action in livestock in China.
A Shape-Variable, Aqueous, Low-Temperature Liquid Metal–Conductive Polymer Secondary Battery
Authors: Fu Hao , Liu Guicheng , Xiong Lingyun , Wang Manxiang , Lee Jeongwoo , Ren Ren , Yang Woochul , Lee Joong Kee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A shape-variable aqueous secondary battery operating at low temperature is developed using Ga68In22Sn10 in wt% liquid metal anode and conductive polymer (polyaniline (PANI)) cathode. While in the GaInSn alloy anode, Ga is the active constituent; Sn and In increase the acid resistance and decrease the eutectic point to -19°C. This enables the use of strongly acidic aqueous electrolytes (here, pH 0.9), thereby improving the activity and stability of the PANI cathode. Consequently, the battery exhibits remarkable excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical stability. The GaInSn–PANI battery operates via a hybrid mechanism of Ga3+ stripping/plating and Cl− insertion/extraction and delivers a high initial capacity of over 324.6 mAh g− 1 and a 52.4% retention rate at 0.2 A g− 1 after 500 cycles, and outstanding power and energy densities of 4300 mW g− 1 and 98.7 mWh g− 1, respectively. Because of the liquid anode, the battery without packaging can be deformed with a small force of several millinewtons without any capacity loss. Moreover, at approximately − 5°C, the battery delivers a capacity of 67.8 mAh g− 1 at 0.2 A g− 1 with 100% elasticity. Thus, the battery is promising as a deformable energy device at low temperatures and in demanding environments.
Novel Markers to Map and Quantify Degradation on Cellulose Nitrate-Based Heritage: at the Submicrometer Level Using Synchrotron UV-Visible Multispectral Luminescence
Authors: Neves Artur , Melo Maria João , Ramos Ana Maria , Callapez Maria Elvira , Friedel Robert , Réfrégiers Matthieu , Thoury Mathieu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nitrate (CN) is an intrinsically unstable material that puts at risk the preservation of a great variety of objects in heritage collections, also posing threats to human health. For this reason, a detailed investigation of its degradation mechanisms is necessary to develop sustainable conservation strategies. To investigate novel probes of degradation, we implemented deep UV photoluminescence micro spectral-imaging, for the first time, to characterize a corpus of historical systems composed of cellulose nitrate. The analysis of cinematographic films and everyday objects dated from the 19th c. / early 20th c. (Perlov's collection), as well as of photo-aged CN and celluloid references allowed the identification of novel markers that correlate with different phases of CN degradation in artworks, providing insight into the role played by plasticizers, fillers, and other additives instability. By comparison with photoaged references of CN and celluloid (70% CN and 30% camphor), it was possible to correlate camphor concentration with a higher rate of degradation of the cinematographic films. Furthermore, the present study investigates, at the sub-microscale, materials heterogeneity that correlates to the artworks' history, associating the different emission profiles of zinc oxide to specific color formulations used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Clinical course and seroprevalence of COVID-19 in children with rheumatic diseases. Cross-sectional study from a reference centre in Spain.
Authors: Udaondo Clara , Millan-Longo Claudia , Permuy Celia , Valladares Laura , Falces-Romero Iker , Muñoz Celia , Morales-Higuera Monica , Alcobendas Rosa , Remesal Agustin , Murias Sara , Calvo Cristina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Patients with rheumatic diseases have been considered at risk of COVID-19. A significant percentage of infections in children are asymptomatic or mild and can go unnoticed. This study aims to describe the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of children with rheumatic diseases and assess possible risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a pediatric rheumatology unit from a reference hospital in Madrid, from September 2020 to February 2021. Serology of SARS-CoV-2 was performed at the same time as their routine laboratory tests, and a specific questionnaire was completed by parents. Demographics, treatment and disease activity from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were compared to the data of patients without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.Findings A total of 105 children were included. SARS-CoV-2 infection was demonstrated in 27 patients (25.7%): 6 PCR and 21 positive IgG serology. The mean age was 11.8 years , and the majority of the patients were females (72.4%). Most of the children were diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (70.3%; 19/27), followed by PFAPA (11.1%; 3/27). Immunosuppresive treatment was given in 88% of cases (24/27). Overall, 44.4% (12/27) of infected patients were asymptomatic. Three patients required hospital admission because of COVID-19, however none of them required oxygen supplementation. A total of 66.7% (18/27) of patients did not require any treatment or medical assistance. The seroprevalence in our cohort was 20% in contrast to the 7.7% population seroprevalence observed during the same study period in Spanish children. SARS-CoV-2 confirmed children with positive IgG or PCR were less frequently in remission (52% vs 72%; p 0.014). Moderate disease activity and treatment with oral corticosteroids were associated with higher risk for COVID-19 (OR 5.05; CI 95%: 1.56 - 16.3 and OR 4.2; CI 95%: 1.26 - 13.9 respectively). Conclusions In a cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic disease and immunosuppressive therapy, moderate disease activity and oral corticosteroids were associated with COVID-19 positive patients. Seroprevalence was significantly higher compared to the same age healthy population. The clinical manifestations were mild and there were no severe infections among the patients.
Impact of COVID-19 on the health of the general and more vulnerable population and its determinants: Health care and social survey-ESSOC, study protocol
Authors: Sánchez-Cantalejo Carmen , Rueda Mª del Mar , Saez Marc , Enrique Iria , Ferri-García Ramón , Fuente Miguel De la , Villegas Román , Castro Luis , Barceló Maria Antònia , Daponte-Codina Antonio , Lorusso Nicola , Cabrera-León Andrés 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol of a real-world data (RWD) study entitled Health Care and Social Survey (ESSOC, Encuesta Sanitaria y Social). The study’s objective is to determine the magnitude, characteristics, and evolution of the COVID-19 impact on overall health as well as the socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural, occupational, environmental, and clinical determinants of both the general and more vulnerable population. Methods: The study integrates observational data collected through a survey using a probabilistic, overlapping panel design, and data from clinical, epidemiological, demographic, and environmental registries. The data will be analysed using advanced statistical, sampling, and machine learning techniques. The study is based on several measurements obtained from three random samples of the Andalusian (Spain) population: general population aged 16 years and over, residents of disadvantaged areas, and people over the age of 55. Discussion: Given the current characteristics of this pandemic and its future repercussions, this project will generate relevant information on a regular basis, commencing from the beginning of the State of Alarm. It will also establish institutional alliances of great social value, explore and apply powerful and novel methodologies, and produce large, integrated, high-quality and open-access databases. The information described here will be vital for health systems in order to design tailor-made interventions aimed at improving the health care, health, and quality of life of the populations most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.