bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking aerobic exercise intensity prescription in adults with spinal cord injury: time to end the use of “moderate to vigorous” intensity?
Authors: Hutchinson Michael J. , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Study design
Cohort study.

Objectives
To investigate and critique different methods for aerobic exercise intensity prescription in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting
University laboratory in Loughborough, UK.

Methods
Trained athletes were split into those with paraplegia (PARA; n = 47), tetraplegia (TETRA; n = 20) or alternate health condition (NON-SCI; n = 67). Participants completed a submaximal step test with 3 min stages, followed by graded exercise test to exhaustion. Handcycling, arm crank ergometry or wheelchair propulsion were performed depending on the sport of the participant. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) on Borg’s RPE scale were measured throughout. Lactate thresholds were identified according to log-V̇O2 plotted against log-[BLa] (LT1) and 1.5 mmol L−1 greater than LT1 (LT2). These were used to demarcate moderate (<LT1), heavy (>LT1, < LT2) and severe (>LT2) exercise intensity domains.

Results
Associations between percentage of peak V̇O2 (%V̇O2peak) and HR (%HRpeak) with RPE differed between PARA and TETRA. At LT1 and LT2, %V̇O2peak and %HRpeak were significantly greater in TETRA compared to PARA and NON-SCI (P < 0.05). The variation in %V̇O2peak and %HRpeak at lactate thresholds resulted in large variability in the domain distribution at fixed %V̇O2peak and %HRpeak.

Conclusions
Fixed %V̇O2peak and %HRpeak should not be used for aerobic exercise intensity prescription in adults with SCI as the method does not lead to uniform exercise intensity domain distribution.
FDI-6 inhibits the expression and function of FOXM1 to sensitize BRCA-proficient triple-negative breast cancer cells to Olaparib by regulating cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair
Authors: Wang Shu-Ping , Wu Shi-Qi , Huang Shi-Hui , Tang Yi-Xuan , Meng Liu-Qiong , Liu Feng , Zhu Qi-Hua , Xu Yun-Gen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInducing homologous-recombination (HR) deficiency is an effective strategy to broaden the indications of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we find that repression of the oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 using FOXM1 shRNA or FOXM1 inhibitor FDI-6 can sensitize BRCA-proficient TNBC to PARP inhibitor Olaparib in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies show that Olaparib causes adaptive resistance by arresting the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases for HR repair, increasing the expression of CDK6, CCND1, CDK1, CCNA1, CCNB1, and CDC25B to promote cell cycle progression, and inducing the overexpression of FOXM1, PARP1/2, BRCA1/2, and Rad51 to activate precise repair of damaged DNA. FDI-6 inhibits the expression of FOXM1, PARP1/2, and genes involved in cell cycle control and DNA damage repair to sensitize TNBC cells to Olaparib by blocking cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. Simultaneously targeting FOXM1 and PARP1/2 is an innovative therapy for more patients with TNBC.
Fish predators control outbreaks of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish
Authors: Kroon Frederieke J. , Barneche Diego R. , Emslie Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOutbreaks of corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) have caused persistent and widespread loss of coral cover across Indo-Pacific coral reefs. The potential drivers of these outbreaks have been debated for more than 50 years, hindering effective management to limit their destructive impacts. Here, we show that fish biomass removal through commercial and recreational fisheries may be a major driver of CoTS population outbreaks. CoTS densities increase systematically with increasing fish biomass removal, including for known CoTS predators. Moreover, the biomass of fish species and families that influence CoTS densities are 1.4 to 2.1-fold higher on reefs within no-take marine reserves, while CoTS densities are 2.8-fold higher on reefs that are open to fishing, indicating the applicability of fisheries-based management to prevent CoTS outbreaks. Designing targeted fisheries management with consideration of CoTS population dynamics may offer a tangible and promising contribution to effectively reduce the detrimental impacts of CoTS outbreaks across the Indo-Pacific.
Repeatability and reproducibility of quantitative cervical strain elastography (E-Cervix) in pregnancy
Authors: Mlodawski Jakub , Mlodawska Marta , Plusajska Justyna , Detka Karolina , Michalska Agata , Swiercz Grzegorz , Sikorski Marek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStrain elastography of the uterine cervix may be useful in the diagnosis and prediction of obstetric complications. The inability to obtain quantitative results, with only the possibility of visual semiquantitative evaluation of the obtained elastograms, has been the limitation of the method thus far. E-Cervix is a software program that uses intrinsic compression to excite tissue and allows the evaluation of quantitative parameters on the basis of pixel distribution in an elastogram. The aim of this study was to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of quantitative cervical strain elastography (E-Cervix) of the uterine cervix and to assess the correlation of the obtained parameters with selected clinical features of patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. In total, 222 patients participated in the study. We assessed 5 ultrasound parameters: elasticity index (ECI), hardness ratio (HR), internal os strain (IOS), external os strain (EOS) and IOS/EOS ratio. Each study was performed according to a predetermined standardized protocol. For all assessed elastographic parameters, we obtained good intra- and interobserver reproducibility. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.77 to 0.838 for intraobserver variability and from 0.771 to 0.826 for interobserver variability. We demonstrated a significant correlation of some obtained elastographic parameters with the basic clinical features of patients, such as age, the number of previous caesarean sections, pregnancy weight and BMI. In each case, the correlation was very low. Quantitative elastographic assessment with the use of E-Cervix is characterized by good repeatability. Some clinical features may affect the value of the parameters obtained. The clinical relevance of this interference requires further investigation.
A new approach to cold surge classification in East Asia
Authors: Kumar Anupam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence showing a strengthening of intense cold surge event (CSE) in East Asia, e.g. CSE of Jan 2016 and Jan–Feb 2008, is focusing attention towards the science of CSE onset prediction. Predicting the onset of such strong CSEs remains elusive as the extent of these surges varies over spatial and temporal scales. Changes in radiative cooling over Siberia in winter as potentially affected by changes in the Arctic are further expected to influence CSE occurrences in East Asia. Moreover, unprecedented and long lasting CSEs in East Asia have a very distinct Jet Stream pattern via their shifts from the climatological mean, influencing the lower troposphere. Here, using modelling framework we propose a new relationship between Jet Stream and Aleutian Low for identifying and characterizing atmospheric process that leads to CSEs in East Asia. Our results reveal new insight into the mechanisms of CSEs occurrences, the absence of which may lead to major constraints on reducing CSE onset prediction error.
Global carbon sequestration through continental chemical weathering in a climatic change context
Authors: Lechuga-Crespo Juan Luis , Sauvage Sabine , Ruiz-Romera Estilita , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Probst Jean-Luc , Fabre Clément , Sánchez-Pérez José Miguel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study simulates carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in 300 major world river basins (about 70% of global surface area) through carbonates dissolution and silicate hydrolysis. For each river basin, the daily timescale impacts under the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios were assessed relative to a historical baseline (1969–1999) using a cascade of models accounting for the hydrological evolution under climate change scenarios. Here we show that the global temporal evolution of the CO2 uptake presents a general increase in the annual amount of CO2 consumed from 0.247 ± 0.045 Pg C year−1 to 0.261 and 0.273 ± 0.054 Pg C year−1, respectively for RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Despite showing a general increase in the global daily carbon sequestration, both climate scenarios show a decrease between June and August. Such projected changes have been mapped and evaluated against changes in hydrology, identifying hot spots and moments for the annual and seasonal periods.
Recent discoveries of new Elephantomyia (Diptera, Limoniidae) fossils in Baltic amber
Authors: Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew data on the genus Elephantomyia (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber are presented. A new subgenus Hoffeinsonia subgen. nov. is established with one new species: Elephantomyia (Hoffeinsonia) prima sp. nov. The new subgenus is characterized by a wing at most 2.5 × as long as it is wide without a darker pattern along the veins Sc and R1, elongate Sc, straight vein R1, sharp half of vein R2+3+4 sharply arched to the upper edge of the wing, short, wide, trapezoidal d-cell and oval pterostigma. The fossil subgenus Hoffeinsonia subgen. nov. shares features with the extant subgenera Elephantomyodes and Elephantomyia. One other extinct species of Elephantomyia was discovered and described herein as E. (s. str.) christelae sp. nov. Such features as a very elongate vein R2+3+4, 2.5 × as long as the Rs easily allowing this new species to be distinguished from the other fossil representatives of the genus Elephantomyia. The taxonomic decision on Elephantomyia grata as a species placed in nominative subgenus is provided. A list and key of fossil species of Elephantomyia are given. The morphological pattern of the genus is discussed in relation to the adaptation to a specific food spectrum, coevolution with Angiospermae of the representative genus Helius known since Cretaceous and closely related to this genus representatives of the much younger genus Elephantomyia.
Impact of acute kidney injury on long-term adverse outcomes in obstructive uropathy
Authors: Yang Jihyun , Sun Bong Gyun , Min Hyeon-Jin , Son Young-Bin , Kim Tae Bum , Lee Jonghyun , Oh Se Won , Kim Myung-Gyu , Cho Won Yong , Ahn Shin Young , Ko Gang-Jee , Kwon Young Joo , Cha Jin Joo , Kang Young Sun , Cha Dae Ryong , Jo Sang-Kyung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObstructive uropathy is known to be associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to investigate the etiologies, clinical characteristics, consequences and also assess the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes. This multicenter, retrospective study of 1683 patients with obstructive uropathy who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) analyzed clinical characteristics, outcomes including progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), overall mortality, and the impact of AKI on long-term outcomes. Obstructive uropathy in adults was most commonly caused by malignancy, urolithiasis, and other causes. AKI was present in 78% of the patients and was independently associated with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). Short-term recovery was achieved in 56.78% after the relief of obstruction. ESKD progression rate was 4.4% in urolithiasis and 6.8% in other causes and older age, preexisting CKD, and stage 3 AKI were independent factors of progression. The mortality rate (34%) was highly attributed to malignant obstruction (52%) stage 3 AKI was also an independent predictor of mortality in non-malignant obstruction. AKI is a frequent complication of adult obstructive uropathy. AKI negatively affects long-term kidney outcomes and survival in non-malignant obstructions. A better understanding of the epidemiology and prognostic factors is needed for adult obstructive uropathy.
Impact of macular fluid features on outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for type 3 macular neovascularization
Authors: Yoon Wontae , Yoon Jihyun , Na Seung Kwan , Lee Jihyun , Kim Jaemin , Kim Jong Woo , Cho Han Joo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of macular fluid features on visual and anatomical outcomes in type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We retrospectively enrolled 89 eyes with type 3 MNV with at least 12 months of follow-up. All patients were treatment-naïve and received a monthly loading injection of anti-VEGF for three months, followed by further injections as required. The association of baseline macular morphology, including intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF), with visual and anatomical outcomes was analyzed. At baseline, IRF was present in all enrolled patients (100%), and SRF was present in 43.8% (39/89) of them. After 12 months of treatment, no significant difference was found in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in central foveal thickness between the eyes with (39) and without (50) SRF at baseline. In addition, the proportion of improved or worsened (gain or loss of more than three lines in the BCVA) visual acuity at 12 months was not significantly different among the groups. Incidence of macular atrophy during the treatment showed no difference between the groups, regardless of the presence of SRF. In conclusion, the macular fluid morphology, specifically SRF, in type 3 MNV showed no significant correlation with visual and anatomical outcomes during anti-VEGF treatment.
Interactions between Babesia microti merozoites and rat kidney cells in a short-term in vitro culture and animal model
Authors: Albertyńska Marta , Okła Hubert , Jasik Krzysztof , Urbańska-Jasik Danuta , Pol Przemysław 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBabesiosis is one of the most common infections in free-living animals and is rapidly becoming significant among human zoonoses. Cases of acute renal failure in humans caused byBabesiaspp. have been described in the literature. The kidneys are characterised by intense blood flow through the blood vessels, which increases the likelihood of contact with the intra-erythrocyte parasite. The aim of this study was to observe the influence ofB. microti(ATCC 30221) on renal epithelial cells in vitro cultured (NRK-52E line) and Wistar rats’ kidney. Both NRK-52E cells and rats’ kidney sections were analysed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Necrotic changes in renal epithelial cells have been observed in vitro and in vivo. In many cross-sections through the rats’ kidney, adhesion of blood cells to the vascular endothelium, accumulation of erythrocytes and emboli were demonstrated. In NRK-52E culture, elements with a distinctly doubled cell membrane resemblingB. microtiwere found inside the cytoplasm and adjacent to the cell layer. The study indicates a chemotactic tendency forB. microtito adhere to the renal tubules' epithelium, a possibility of piroplasms entering the renal epithelial cells, their proliferation within the cytoplasm and emboli formation.
Identification and verification of the molecular mechanisms and prognostic values of the cadherin gene family in gastric cancer
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Lin Rujing , Liao Xiwen , Li Daimou , Qin Yuzhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile cadherin (CDH) genes are aberrantly expressed in cancers, the functions of CDH genes in gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood. The clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of CDH genes in GC were assessed in this study. Data from a total of 1226 GC patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan–Meier plotter database were used to independently explore the value of CDH genes in clinical application. The TCGA RNA sequencing dataset was used to explore the molecular mechanisms of CDH genes in GC. Using enrichment analysis tools, CDH genes were found to be related to cell adhesion and calcium ion binding in function. In TCGA cohort, 12 genes were found to be differentially expressed between GC para-carcinoma and tumor tissue. By analyzing GC patients in two independent cohorts, we identified and verified that CDH2, CDH6, CDH7 and CDH10 were significantly associated with a poor GC prognosis. In addition, CDH2 and CDH6 were used to construct a GC risk score signature that can significantly improve the accuracy of predicting the 5-year survival of GC patients. The GSEA approach was used to explore the functional mechanisms of the four prognostic CDH genes and their associated risk scores. It was found that these genes may be involved in multiple classic cancer-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways in GC. In the subsequent CMap analysis, three small molecule compounds (anisomycin, nystatin and bumetanide) that may be the target molecules that determine the risk score in GC, were initially screened. In conclusion, our current study suggests that four CDH genes can be used as potential biomarkers for GC prognosis. In addition, a prognostic signature based on the CDH2 and CDH6 genes was constructed, and their potential functional mechanisms and drug interactions explored.
Comparison between the analgesic effectiveness and patients’ preference for virtual reality vs. topical anesthesia gel during the administration of local anesthesia in adult dental patients: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Almugait May , AbuMostafa Ammar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of virtual reality vs. topical anesthesia gel during the administration of local anesthesia (injections to numb the gums) in adult dental patients; as well as to determine which approach is preferred by the patients. Twenty-one adult patients received dental anesthetic injections bilaterally for their maxillary premolars area. We predicted that VR would be more effective than a topical anesthetic gel at reducing pain during injections into the gums. Using a within subject design, each patient received two injections during a single dental visit. Pain was measured after each injection. One side was of the mouth was injected under the influence of the topical anesthesia (TA) 20% benzocaine. The other side of the mouth was injected when the patient was in virtual reality (VR) watching an animated movie using an Oculus Quest® helmet to distract them during the other injection, treatment order randomized. Immediately after each injection, the patients were directed to rate their pain experience using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain-rating Scale (W-BFPS), and to choose which delivery system they preferred. Heart rates were recorded prior to and after the injections using a finger pulse oximeter. Participants reported the predicted pattern of a lower W-PFPS score (less pain intensity) during needle injection while in VR than the injection with topical anesthesia gel, however, the difference was not statistically significant. A statistically significant majority of the participants (p = 0.021) preferred VR to TA. No statistically significant difference heart rate during VR vs. TA was found. Although dental patients reported less pain during VR distraction vs. topical gel anesthetic, the difference was not significant. A statistically significant majority of patients preferred virtual reality over topical anesthesia during their future injections. However, no significant difference in heart rate was found.
The influence of limb role, direction of movement and limb dominance on movement strategies during block jump-landings in volleyball
Authors: Mercado-Palomino Elia , Aragón-Royón Francisco , Richards Jim , Benítez José M. , Ureña Espa Aurelio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe identification of movement strategies in situations that are as ecologically valid as possible is essential for the understanding of lower limb interactions. This study considered the kinetic and kinematic data for the hip, knee and ankle joints from 376 block jump-landings when moving in the dominant and non-dominant directions from fourteen senior national female volleyball players. Two Machine Learning methods were used to generate the models from the dataset, Random Forest and Artificial Neural Networks. In addition, decision trees were used to detect which variables were relevant to discern the limb movement strategies and to provide a meaningful prediction. The results showed statistically significant differences when comparing the movement strategies between limb role (accuracy > 88.0% and > 89.3%, respectively), and when moving in the different directions but performing the same role (accuracy > 92.3% and > 91.2%, respectively). This highlights the importance of considering limb dominance, limb role and direction of movement during block jump-landings in the identification of which biomechanical variables are the most influential in the movement strategies. Moreover, Machine Learning allows the exploration of how the joints of both limbs interact during sporting tasks, which could provide a greater understanding and identification of risky movements and preventative strategies. All these detailed and valuable descriptions could provide relevant information about how to improve the performance of the players and how to plan trainings in order to avoid an overload that could lead to risk of injury. This highlights that, there is a necessity to consider the learning models, in which the spike approach unilaterally is taught before the block approach (bilaterally). Therefore, we support the idea of teaching bilateral approach before learning the spike, in order to improve coordination and to avoid asymmetries between limbs.
Targeted insertion of large genetic payloads using cas directed LINE-1 reverse transcriptase
Authors: Manoj Femila , Tai Laura W. , Wang Katelyn Sun Mi , Kuhlman Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA difficult genome editing goal is the site-specific insertion of large genetic constructs. Here we describe the GENEWRITE system, where site-specific targetable activity of Cas endonucleases is coupled with the reverse transcriptase activity of the ORF2p protein of the human retrotransposon LINE-1. This is accomplished by providing two RNAs: a guide RNA targeting Cas endonuclease activity and an appropriately designed payload RNA encoding the desired insertion. Using E. coli as a simple platform for development and deployment, we show that with proper payload design and co-expression of helper proteins, GENEWRITE can enable insertion of large genetic payloads to precise locations, although with off-target effects, using the described approach. Based upon these results, we describe a potential strategy for implementation of GENEWRITE in more complex systems.