bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between safety perceptions and medical error reporting among neonatal intensive care unit staff
Authors: Culbreth Rachel E. , Spratling Regena , Scates Lauranne , Frederick Laryssa , Kenney Jordan , Gardenhire Douglas S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionCritically ill neonates are particularly susceptible to medical errors; however, few studies have evaluated NICU safety climate in the context of medical error reporting. This study aims to identify the association between perceptions of safety and culture among NICU staff with medical error reporting behaviours.MethodsThis study used a convenience sample of 79 NICU staff members (38 Nurses and 41 Respiratory Therapists). Questionnaires consisted of demographic factors (years of experience, sex and education), the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) and hypothetical medical error reporting scenarios (categorized into minor harm or major harm). The SAQ consists of six domains: job satisfaction, teamwork climate, safety climate, perceptions of management, working conditions and stress recognition. Scores ranged from 0–5, with a 5 indicating a more positive perception. Logistic regression was used to determine statistically significant predictors for each individual harm scenario (odds of being very likely/likely to report vs. all other responses).ResultsAmong those who completed the study, approximately 84.8% were female. Safety attitude domain scores were similar for both NICU respiratory therapists and nurses across all domains except for job satisfaction and stress. Respiratory therapists reported higher levels of job satisfaction compared to nurses (24 vs. 23, respectively, p = 0.01). However, nurses reported higher levels of stress management compared to respiratory therapists (12 vs. 9, respectively, p < 0.01). While we did not find a significant association between safety attitudes and hypothetical medical error reporting, NICU staff overall were more likely to report major medical errors compared to minor medical errors.ConclusionsThis study suggests that safety climate may not play a significant role in promoting medical error reporting in the NICU setting.Relevance to clinical practiceInterventions aimed at increasing medical error reporting should also incorporate established employees rather than targeting new employees only.
MRI characteristics of Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis: Comparison to human diseases
Authors: Tagge Ian J. , Kohama Steven G. , Sherman Larry S. , Bourdette Dennis N. , Woltjer Randall , Wang Paul , Wong Scott W. , Rooney William D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo describe MRI findings in Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis (JME) with emphasis on lesion characteristics, lesion evolution, normal‐appearing brain tissue, and similarities to human demyelinating disease.MethodsMRI data were obtained from 114 Japanese macaques, 30 presenting neurological signs of JME. All animals were screened for presence of T2‐weighted white matter signal hyperintensities; animals with behavioral signs of JME were additionally screened for contrast‐enhancing lesions. Whole‐brain quantitative T1 maps were collected, and histogram analysis was performed with regression across age to evaluate microstructural changes in normal appearing brain tissue in JME and neurologically normal animals. Quantitative estimates of blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) permeability to gadolinium‐based‐contrast agent (GBCA) were obtained in acute, GBCA‐enhancing lesions. Longitudinal imaging data were acquired for 15 JME animals.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐three focal GBCA‐enhancing lesions were identified in 30 animals demonstrating behavioral signs of neurological dysfunction. JME GBCA‐enhancing lesions were typically focal and ovoid, demonstrating highest BBB GBCA permeability in the lesion core, similar to acute, focal multiple sclerosis lesions. New GBCA‐enhancing lesions arose rapidly from normal‐appearing tissue, and BBB permeability remained elevated for weeks. T1 values in normal‐appearing tissue were significantly associated with age, but not with sex or disease.ConclusionsIntense, focal neuroinflammation is a key MRI finding in JME. Several features of JME compare directly to human inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Investigation of JME combined with the development and validation of noninvasive imaging biomarkers offers substantial potential to improve diagnostic specificity and contribute to the understanding of human demyelinating diseases.
The black rim susceptibility sign in the MRI evaluation of intracranial colloid cysts
Authors: Sayah Anousheh , Berkowitz Frank , Thakkar Rashmi S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeColloid cysts are relatively rare intracranial lesions located in the rostral aspect of third ventricle. They may produce acute hydrocephalus, brain herniation, and death. On conventional MRI, the appearance of a colloid cyst varies depending on its composition. Small isointense cysts can be missed. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new sign, “black rim susceptibility” sign for the accurate diagnosis of colloid cyst on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).MethodsA retrospective case–control study consisted of 100 MRI brain scans (19 cases and 81 controls) performed from January 2012 to September 2018. Two fellowship trained neuroradiologists individually interpreted SWI sequences for the presence of the “black rim susceptibility” sign (thin rim of dark signal along the periphery of a rounded, hyperintense focus).ResultsThe sample was 43% male and 57% female, with an average age of 51.8 ± 17.7. Out of 19 cases, 9 had undergone surgery in which pathology had confirmed colloid cyst. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for reader 1 was 94.8%, 98.8%, and 98% and for reader 2 was 89.5%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value for reader 1 was 94.7% and 98.8% and for reader 2 was 100% and 97.6%, respectively. Interrater correlation between the two readers was calculated with kappa of 0.93.ConclusionThe black rim susceptibility appearance of colloid cyst on SWI is a novel description and an effective sign that can be used by radiologists for accurate diagnosis.
Trade with enemy: Economic interdependence and stability under anarchy
Authors: Choi Gyoung‐Gyu , Kim Jeong‐Yoo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of allocating resources between economic goods and military goods in a contest model. We characterize the equilibrium and its stability in both cases where the two states' economic goods are substitutes and complements, and compare the outcomes. If the two states' economic goods are substitutes, there may exist multiple equilibria including at least one unstable equilibrium when a state has a comparative advantage in a sector. Without any such comparative advantage, a unique stable equilibrium results in which both states build‐up the same level of military goods regardless of their relative sizes. A unique stable equilibrium also emerges if the two states' economic goods are complements with Cobb–Douglas utility characteristics. These results suggest that greater economic interdependence due to the complementarity slows down the arms races, and help stabilize the system. If the contest between the two states is a winner‐take‐all all‐pay auction, there exists a pure strategy equilibrium. In this equilibrium, the state with an absolute advantage in the military sector takes all the resources by spending slightly more in the military sector than the other state. Such a finding contradicts most of the standard all‐pay auctions, in which only a mixed strategy equilibrium exists.
The anti‐sigma factor MucA is required for viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Schofield Melissa C. , Rodriguez Daniela Q. , Kidman Amanda A. , Cassin Erin K. , Michaels Lia A. , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Jorth Peter A. , Tseng Boo Shan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring decades‐long infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes selection. One bacterial genetic adaptation often observed in CF isolates is mucA mutations. MucA inhibits the sigma factor AlgU. Mutations in mucA lead to AlgU misregulation, resulting in a mucoid phenotype that is associated with poor CF disease outcomes. Due to its ability to be mutated, mucA is assumed to be dispensable for bacterial viability. Here we show that, paradoxically, a portion of mucA is essential in P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that mucA is no longer required in a strain lacking algU, that mucA alleles encoding for proteins that do not bind to AlgU are insufficient for viability, and that mucA is no longer essential in mutant strains containing AlgU variants with reduced sigma factor activity. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of algU prevents cell growth in the absence of MucA, and that this phenotype can be rescued by the overproduction of RpoD, the housekeeping sigma factor. Together, these results suggest that in the absence of MucA, the inability to regulate AlgU activity results in the loss of bacterial viability. Finally, we speculate that the essentiality of anti‐sigma factors that regulate envelope function may be a widespread phenomenon in bacteria.
A HAT1‐DELLA signaling module regulates trichome initiation and leaf growth by achieving gibberellin homeostasis
Authors: Tan Wenrong , Han Qing , Li Yan , Yang Feng , Li Jiafeng , Li Pengxu , Xu Xiumei , Lin Honghui , Zhang Dawei 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Trichome initiation and leaf growth are two critical developmental processes in the plant life cycle, which need to be optimized in accordance with developmental stage and immediate surroundings. To a large extent, this optimization is achieved by fine‐tuning of hormonal pathways, including the gibberellin (GA) pathway. However, the mechanism by which plants control GA homeostasis to optimize these two developmental processes is unknown.

Here, we report that HAT1, a HD‐ZIP II transcription factor, negatively regulates GA‐mediated trichome initiation and cotyledon expansion. Both protein and transcript levels indicated that HAT1 was induced by GA, while an increased abundance of HAT1, in turn, was found to suppress GA biosynthesis and signaling, thus forming a regulatory negative feedback loop that controls GA homeostasis to fine‐tune trichome development and cotyledon expansion.

We also found that HAT1 interacts with DELLAs, including GAI and RGA. GAI inhibits both protein stability and the binding activity of HAT1 to its target genes. Overexpression of HAT1 in della5 can completely suppress the enhanced trichome initiation and enlarged cotyledon of della5.

Our findings demonstrate that HAT1 functions as a critical repressor to regulate GA‐mediated trichome initiation and cotyledon growth; in addition, we describe a novel mechanism by which the plant regulates trichome initiation and cotyledon expansion through a HAT1‐DELLA regulatory module under various GA concentrations.
Mycorrhizal associations change root functionality: a 3D modelling study on competitive interactions between plants for light and nutrients
Authors: de Vries Jorad , Evers Jochem B. , Kuyper Thomas W. , van Ruijven Jasper , Mommer Liesje 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Recent studies show that the variation in root functional traits can be explained by a two‐dimensional trait framework, containing a ‘collaboration’ axis in addition to the classical fast–slow ‘conservation’ axis. This collaboration axis spans from thin and highly branched roots that employ a ‘do‐it‐yourself’ strategy to thick and sparsely branched roots that ‘outsource’ nutrient uptake to symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).

Here, we explore the functionality of this collaboration axis by quantifying how interactions with AMF change the impact of root traits on plant performance. To this end, we developed a novel functional–structural plant (FSP) modelling approach that simulates plants competing for light and nutrients in the presence or absence of AMF.

Our simulation results support the notion that in the absence of AMF, plants rely on thin, highly branched roots for their nutrient uptake. The presence of AMF, however, promotes thick, unbranched roots as an alternative strategy for uptake of immobile phosphorus, but not for mobile nitrogen.

This provides further support for a root trait framework that accommodates for the interactive effect of roots and AMF. Our modelling study offers unique opportunities to incorporate soil microbial interactions into root functionality as it integrates consequences of belowground trait expression.
Dilthey’s philosophy and methodology of hermeneutics: An approach and contribution to nursing science
Authors: James Dara , Komnenich Pauline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to examine the historical contribution of Wilhelm Dilthey's approach to the philosophy and methodology of hermeneutics in the demarcated context of nursing science. Dilthey's work made a fundamentally significant, yet ancillary, contribution to nursing science. Organically born from a need to deduce Biblical texts, hermeneutics later developed as a means to understand the truth of another's experience, in literal German language referred to as verstehen. A German‐born empiricist and devout hermeneutic scholar, Dilthey extended the philosophy of hermeneutics to a methodological approach as a way to recapture expressed meaning of human experiences. His directive work paved a procedural pathway to probe the science of human nature while bound to the appropriate sociohistorical context. Hermeneutic methodology provides a phenomenological‐like way to more keenly understand and interpret the whole person. This methodological approach steers a truth‐seeking strategy fixed in meticulous and rigorous inquiry. Dilthey transparently recognized the humble fact that there is no true way to wholly grasp another's experience, an inherent limitation of our human abilities. The current paper posits that hermeneutical understanding verstehen can be paralleled to the concept of empathy in nursing. Understanding and empathy are foundational components to the field of nursing as a caring science. The complex yet invaluable philosophy and methodology of Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutics is notably relevant and applicable to nursing science as we strive to care for, treat, and heal patients as whole beings.
Evaluation of postoperative complications for patent ductus arteriosus in extremely‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Ishida Shuji , Yamaguchi Ayano , Ooka Mari , Kenmochi Manabu , Nakanishi Hidehiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which disrupts the hemodynamics early after birth, causes intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal necrotizing. Unlike medical treatment for hemodynamically significant PDA, there are institutional disparities in the criteria for surgical treatmentMethodsWe aimed to clarify the postoperative indications of surgery for hemodynamically significant PDA and the postoperative complications associated with surgery.ResultsThirty‐six extremely‐low‐birthweight infants (median gestational age 25.2 weeks, median birthweight 699 g) required video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for PDA (VATS‐PDA). The treatment indication of VATS‐PDA was resistance to medical treatment in 17 cases, relapsed PDA in 15 cases, and no additional administration of indomethacin because of severe side effects in four cases. Complications with VATS‐PDA occurred in eight of 36 cases. There were three cases of pneumothorax, two of thoracotomy transition, two of pulmonary hemorrhage, and four of post‐ligation cardiac syndrome (PLCS). VATS‐PDA‐related death occurred in two cases due to PLCS. The frequency of four or more administrations of indomethacin, with or without postoperative complications, was 88% vs. 39%, respectively (P = 0.04).ConclusionsAll postoperative deaths were caused by PLCS, which had the highest risk of poor prognosis. VATS‐PDA should be considered for unclosed PDA after one course of indomethacin administration.
Transcript profiling of stress‐responsive genes and metabolic changes during salinity in indica and japonica rice exhibit distinct varietal difference
Authors: Basu Supratim , Roychoudhury Aryadeep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we carried out comprehensive transcript profiling of diverse genes under salinity (200 mM NaCl) at different time points, accompanied by certain biochemical alterations of the indica (IR‐64 and Pokkali) and japonica (Nipponbare and M‐202) rice. The higher susceptibility of Nipponbare and IR‐64 was reflected by lower relative water content, chlorophyll loss, higher malondialdehyde content, and accumulation of H2O2, and reduced nitrate reductase activity, compared to M‐202 and Pokkali, where such changes were less pronounced. Enhanced levels of anthocyanins and reduced glutathione, together with elevated phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, mainly conferred protection to Nipponbare and IR‐64, while metabolites like phenolics, flavonoids, proline, and polyamines were more induced in M‐202 and Pokkali. Varietal differences in the expression pattern of diverse groups of genes during different durations (6, 24, and 48 h) of stress were striking. A gene showing early induction for a particular variety exhibited a delayed induction in another variety or a gradually decreased expression with treatment time. Pokkali was clearly identified as the salt‐tolerant genotype among the examined varieties based on increased antioxidant potential and enhanced expression of genes encoding for PAL, CHS, and membrane transporters like SOS3, NHX‐1, and HKT‐1. The results presented in this work provide insight into the complex varying regulation patterns for different genes across the investigated rice varieties in providing salt tolerance and highlights distinct differences in expression patterns between susceptible and tolerant indica and japonica rice.
Assessing the Extreme Loneliness of Immigrant Farmworkers
Authors: Smith‐Appelson Jesse L. , Reynolds John R. , Grzywacz Joseph G. 
Published: April 2021

Immigrant farmworkers in the United States are a vulnerable population who often face uncertain legal standing, fewer financial and health‐related resources, and higher exposure to work hazards. This article focuses on the loneliness—the subjective experience of social isolation—of immigrant farmworker communities, analyzes the social patterning of loneliness in this population, and estimates its association with self‐rated health. Data come from interviews with immigrant farmworkers (N = 260) at two sites in the rural Southeast. Immigrant farmworkers report substantially high levels of loneliness and appear to be lonelier than the levels found in a diverse range of other published studies of adults. Older women immigrant farmworkers, those with no formal schooling, and farmworkers experiencing food insecurity are especially lonely, and they stand to benefit most from social service outreach. However, the association between loneliness and self‐rated health is relatively weak.
Connecting engineering design and inquiry cycles: Impact on elementary preservice teachers' engineering efficacy and perspectives toward teaching engineering
Authors: Nesmith Suzanne M. , Cooper Sandi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEngineering has become increasingly prominent in science education, with documents such as Next Generation Science Standards detailing the importance of introducing students at all grade levels to science and engineering practices. Yet, many elementary teachers may lack sufficient engineering content and pedagogical knowledge and report feeling unprepared to teach engineering content and processes. To prepare future elementary teachers to teach engineering, two university faculty members in science and mathematics education designed an engineering unit that was incorporated within an elementary science methods course and supported through an elementary mathematics methods course. This unit focused on the engineering design process as well as connections between the work of scientists and engineers; the processes of science, engineering, and mathematics; and the cycles of engineering design and inquiry. The results of the study provide evidence that the unit had a positive influence on the 27 preservice teacher participants’ engineering teaching efficacy, understanding of engineering, and comprehension of the implementation of engineering in the elementary classroom.
Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Yunihastuti Evy , Lestari Agusin Regina , Sari Vidya , Jhariah Hidayah Ainum , Wulunggono Wulunggono , Pramukti Hikmat , Shinta Mutiara , Shatri Hamzah , Harjono Karjadi Teguh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large HIV treatment facility in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to assess associated factors.MethodsThe Indonesian version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II was used to assess depressive symptoms of 346 participants visiting the HIV Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between June and November 2018.ResultsDepressive symptoms (BDI‐II score ≥14) were exhibited by 50.9% of participants, with prevalences of mild, moderate and severe depression of 30.4%, 15.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis indicated that having lower income (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.63), duration of ART for 1–5 years (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.54) and same‐sex partnership (aPR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Age, sex and history of using intravenous drugs, and ART‐based regimen were not associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms were common among our population despite long‐term ART use and were associated with having low‐income, ART for 1–5 years and same‐sex partnership.
Use of polyamide cable ties during experimental omentectomy in adult horses with histopathological assessment
Authors: Hurcombe Samuel D. , Klein Chelsea E. , Roessner Holly A. , Engiles Julie B. , Hopster Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of nylon cable ties (NCT) for omentectomy in the horse.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsEight healthy adult horses.MethodsHorses underwent nylon cable tie (NCT) ligation of the greater omentum after ventral midline celiotomy. The time required to complete the omentectomy was recorded. Horses were recovered for 14 days before repeat celiotomy, adhesions assessment, and histological examination of the omentectomy site using a proposed histologic grading scheme. The total time for omentectomy procedure and histologic score was assessed for normality. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsNCT ligation provided sufficient hemostasis to complete the omentectomy (28 ± 15 s), without rescue ligation. No gross evidence of intra‐abdominal adhesion or morbidity was associated with the omentectomy site 14 days after surgery. NCT were intact at the site of application, covered with smooth fibrous connective tissue. Adiponecrosis with minimal inflammation and fibrovascular occlusion of omental vessels was present at the surgical site. Mild inflammation was present at the NCT‐tissue interface.ConclusionThe use of NCT resulted in fast and effective omentectomy in healthy horses without short‐term evidence of inflammatory reaction or intra‐abdominal adhesion.Clinical significanceThe described technique provides an alternative for omentectomy in healthy adult horses.