bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of depression on progression to end‐stage renal disease or pre‐end‐stage renal disease death in advanced diabetic nephropathy: A prospective cohort study of the Diabetes Study from the Center of Tokyo Women’s Medical University
Authors: Horiba Yu , Ishizawa Kaya , Takasaki Keiko , Miura Junnosuke , Babazono Tetsuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the effect of depression on the progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and pre‐ESRD death in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy.Materials and MethodsThis single‐center prospective cohort study enrolled Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced diabetic nephropathy. The total Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score was used to evaluate depression at baseline and classified patients into: no, mild and severe depression groups. The outcomes were ESRD, defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy, and pre‐ESRD death. The relationship between the severity of depression and these outcomes was analyzed using a competing risks model, defining each outcome as the competing risk of the other outcome.ResultsOf the 486 patients with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 37.1 ± 21.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, 345 were men. During the median follow up of 4.4 years, 164 patients progressed to ESRD and 50 died. The cumulative incidence function of ESRD was significantly higher in the severe depression group (Gray’s test, P = 0.003). The ESRD risk increased by 12.4% and 45.1% in patients with mild and severe depression, respectively, compared with those without depression, although these differences did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate subdistribution hazard model (P = 0.450 and 0.161, respectively). The cumulative incidence of death was similar for the study groups.ConclusionDepression potentially has a weak impact on progression to ESRD, however, the presence of comorbidities might have the possibility to reduce the effect of depression on the renal outcome in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy.
Outcomes of post‐acute care in skilled nursing facilities in Medicare beneficiaries with and without a diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Xu Yao , Ritter Ashley Z. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMore than 600,000 Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia are discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) after hospitalization annually. However, it is unclear how their risks and benefits of a SNF stay compare to beneficiaries without a diagnosis of dementia.DesignRetrospective analysis comparing SNF outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries with and without a diagnosis of dementia.SettingOne hundred percent sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2015 to 2016.ParticipantsDementia was identified using validated diagnosis codes. In beneficiaries who had an acute hospitalization followed by SNF stay, we used propensity score matching to balance demographics, comorbidities, characteristics of the index hospital stay, prior hospital and SNF utilization, and cognitive status on SNF admission.MeasurementsOutcomes included unplanned hospital readmission, community discharge rate, and mortality during the SNF stay. Multivariate models were adjusted for hospital and SNF characteristics.ResultsOur sample included 2,418,853 Medicare beneficiaries discharged from hospital to SNF; 830,524 (34.3%) carried a diagnosis of dementia. Overall, 14.7% of the sample had a hospital readmission, 5.0% died, and 61.5% were successfully discharged to the community. In the propensity‐matched cohort, beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia had a lower odds ratio of mortality (OR 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–0.89), similar odds of hospital readmission (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–1.00), and reduced odds of discharge to the community (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.91–0.93). However, these findings varied by the severity of cognitive impairment on SNF admission: in beneficiaries with no impairment, those with a diagnosis of dementia had higher odds of adverse outcomes. In beneficiaries with severe impairment, beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia had lower odds of adverse outcomes.ConclusionsCognitive dysfunction on SNF admission is a stronger predictor of outcomes than a diagnosis of dementia, suggesting the need to individualize decisions about the benefits and risks of SNF care in populations with cognitive impairment.
The distributive cycle: Evidence and current debates
Authors: Barrales‐Ruiz Jose , Mendieta‐Muñoz Ivan , Rada Codrina , Tavani Daniele , von Arnim Rudiger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys current debates on the distributive cycle. The literature builds on Goodwin's seminal 1967 chapter titled “A growth cycle.” We review theoretical motivations for the distributive cycle, which, despite significant differences, all imply that macroeconomic activity leads the labor share in a counterclockwise cycle in the activity‐labor share plane. Subsequently, we summarize and update evidence on the existence of a distributive cycle, with a focus on the post‐war U.S. macroeconomy. We analyze activity and labor share series and their interaction in the frequency domain, and also employ standard vector autoregressions. Results confirm the distributive cycle for the U.S. post‐war period. We contextualize results vis‐à‐vis current debates: (1) we consider a financial cycle, to rebut the theoretical possibility of “pseudo‐Goodwin” cycles, (2) demonstrate that a suppressed labor share and stagnation are compatible with short‐run Goodwin cycles, and argue that this link presents the way forward for research on secular stagnation.
Smelling speech sounds: Association of odors with texture‐related ideophones
Authors: Uchida Marin , Pathak Abhishek , Motoki Kosuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOdors are often difficult to describe verbally, and little is known about the association of odors with the words that describe them. Following the literature on crossmodal correspondences between odors and sounds/haptics, this study aimed to reveal how odors are associated with the words describing textures and haptics in the Japanese language. Fifty participants smelled 17 food‐related odors (e.g., lemon, pepper) and matched the odors with words related to texture (e.g., sakusaku), haptics (e.g., soft, dry), and emotion (e.g., positive). The experiment was conducted with and without the verbal description of odor names. The results demonstrated that each odor was mainly categorized into words related to the concepts of (a) juicy/cool/jiggly/positive, (b) smooth/moist/soft, or (c) hard/rough/dry, regardless of whether participants smelled the odors with or without the verbal description. Our findings reveal novel odor‐sound/haptic associations and demonstrate how odors can be described verbally.Practical applicationsPeople find it difficult to verbalize or communicate various odors. This study contributes to the literature on odor‐sound/haptic correspondences by showing that the odors are associated with texture‐related ideophones and haptic words. Specifically, the results demonstrated that each odor was mainly categorized into words related to the concepts of (a) juicy/cool/jiggly/positive, (b) smooth/moist/soft, or (c) hard/rough/dry. These findings are relevant to marketing communications involving odors and emphasize the potential importance of the texture‐related ideophones and haptic words when marketers want to effectively communicate odors with consumers.
STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE TEREK‐CASPIAN FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT: NEW INSIGHTS FROM REGIONAL SEISMIC DATA
Authors: Sobornov Konstantin 
Published: June 2021

The Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt along the northern flank of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range together with the adjacent foreland basin is one of the oldest oil‐producing regions in Russia. Despite the long history of exploration, recently acquired seismic data has provided new insights about the structural architecture and evolution of this area. Its structural development during the Neogene was constrained by a syn‐extensional tectonic fabric inherited from Jurassic rifting and extension of the Great Caucasus Basin. The structural framework of this basin controlled the distribution of syn‐extensional deposits, and the Cenozoic reactivation of lateral ramps resulted in along‐strike variations in structural style. Thus western, central and SE segments of the Terek‐Caspian foldbelt are recognised and are referred to here as the Terek‐Sunzha fold zone, the Dagestan Promontory, and the Maritime Zone in southern Dagestan.Three principal episodes of Cenozoic compression in the Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt took place. The first episode in the Oligocene resulted in the inversion of pre‐existing normal faults with the coeval development of a foreland basin to the north of the thrust belt. The dominance of sediments of northerly provenance in the foreland basin suggests there was only moderate uplift of the Greater Caucasus at this time. However, significant uplift of the orogenic belt took place during later phases of Sarmatian (Late Miocene) and Akchagylian (Late Pliocene) compression. Erosion of the uplifting Greater Caucasus gave rise to the development of large‐scale, northerly prograding clinoforms which are clearly observed on seismic profiles in the foreland basin. Shortening was largely accommodated by wedge‐shaped thrusting facilitated by the presence of mechanically weak stratigraphic units.Structural development of the Terek‐Sunzha fold zone in the west of the Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt was largely controlled by a Tithonian salt layer which provided an efficient basal detachment surface and which also supplied material to squeezed diapirs in front of the belt. To the east, the plan‐view shape and internal architecture of the Dagestan Promontory were influenced by the areal extent of the Lower‐Middle Jurassic depocentre of the palaeo‐Volga delta which is up to 10 km thick. In the Maritime Zone, the style of shortening was mostly controlled by the presence of a pre‐existing structural high composed of folded Palaeozoic‐Triassic strata in front of the fold‐thrust belt.
EOCENE VOLCANICLASTICS IN THE KARTLI BASIN, GEORGIA: A FRACTURED RESERVOIR SEQUENCE
Authors: Tari G. , Vrsic A. , Gumpenberger T. , Mekonnen E. , Hujer W. , Fallah M. , Tevzadze N. , Janiashvili A. , Pace P. , Ricciato A. , Alania V. , Enukidze O. 
Published: June 2021

In the broader Caucasus region, multiple extrusive volcanic units are present within the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene sedimentary successions. Partial reworking of volcanic material from various provenance areas into Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene reservoir units is commonly observed in the Eastern Black Sea and in the Rioni, Kartli and Kura Basins of onshore Georgia. Reservoir quality has in general been negatively affected by volcanic rock fragments which may have undergone complex diagenetic alteration. However, despite concerns regarding reservoir quality, oil at the Samgori field, the largest field in Georgia (∼200 MM brl recovered), is hosted in altered Middle Eocene volcaniclastic sandstones interbedded with deep‐water turbidites. Previous studies of core material from numerous wells in this field showed that most of the oil is contained in altered, microfractured, laumontite‐rich tuffs which have fracture and cavernous net porosities averaging 12% and average permeability of 15 mD. The laumontite tuffs comprise only up to 20% of a tuffaceous sandstone section and occur as isolated lenses or pods on a sub‐seismic scale (i.e. 5‐10 m thick), causing highly variable oil productivity from one well to another.The petrographic analysis of samples of Middle Eocene volcaniclastic sandstones from outcrops in the central part of the Kartli Basin around Tbilisi broadly confirms the main conclusions of studies completed some 30 years ago which were based on the analysis of subsurface samples. However, the surface samples analysed show that zeolitization events typically did not improve, but actually reduced, reservoir quality due to extensive zeolite cementation. The poor reservoir properties of the plug samples, which are age‐equivalent to the proven subsurface Middle Eocene reservoir interval, highlight fracturing as a key factor controlling the presence of exceptional producers (up to 9000 b/d) in the Samgori field complex. The study therefore underlines the critical role of fracturing of the Middle Eocene volcaniclastic reservoir sequence in the Kartli Basin.
GEOCHEMISTRY OF OILS IN THE TEREK‐CASPIAN FOREDEEP AND PRIKUMSK SWELL, NE GREATER CAUCASUS, SOUTHERN RUSSIA
Authors: Yandarbiev N. Sh. , Sachsenhofer R. F. , Ajuaba S. , Bechtel A. , Yandarbieva D. N. 
Published: June 2021

Hydrocarbon reserves of the order of 1140 MM brl oe have been identified in the northern foreland of the eastern Greater Caucasus, principally in the Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt and the Prikumsk Swell in the north of the Terek‐Caspian foredeep. Despite the great economic significance of these areas and their long exploration history, the origin of the hydrocarbons is still poorly understood. In the present paper, geochemical data from 73 oil samples representing 28 fields are used to investigate the presence of oil families and to correlate the oils with potential source rocks.Biomarker composition of oils in Cretaceous and Miocene reservoirs in the Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt is mainly controlled by reservoir depth (100‐5700 m) and maturity (0.70‐1.15 %Ro), and it is therefore difficult to separate maturity and facies effects. For example, a downward increase in diasterane/sterane ratios may indicate a change in source rock facies or may be attributed to increasing maturity. Some shallow oils are biodegraded. The presence of short‐chain n‐alkanes in biodegraded oils indicates recent hydrocarbon migration. Biomarker data (e.g. the presence of oleanane) and compound‐specific isotope data suggest that the Khadum Formation in the lower part of the Maikop Group is the main source rock. However data from Cretaceous and Paleogene organic‐rich rocks, which may also have contributed to the accumulated oils, are urgently needed in order to quantify their possible input.In the Prikumsk Swell, at least two oil families, characterized by low and high C28/C29 sterane ratios respectively, can be distinguished in reservoir rocks of Triassic to Cretaceous age. Most oils are characterized by low C28/C29 sterane ratios and the absence of oleanane (“Group B oils”). These characteristics suggest a pre‐Upper Cretaceous source for the oils, which is also supported by the geological setting. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggests the presence of four sub‐groups (Sub‐Groups B1 to B4). Typically, biomarker ratios in oils in Cretaceous reservoirs are more uniform than those in Triassic and Jurassic reservoirs. Potential source rocks include Lower Triassic deep‐water clayey limestones and shales as well as Middle Jurassic and Aptian‐Albian marine shales. Three oil samples from Triassic and Cretaceous reservoirs form a separate oil family (“Group A”), which is genetically related to oils from the Terek‐Caspian fold‐and‐thrust belt. Group A oils have high C28/C29 sterane ratios and in general contain at least some oleanane. A contribution by Cenozoic source rocks to Group A oils is likely.
Pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin meglumine and effects on biomarkers of inflammation in horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Arthur Rick M. , Gretler Sophie R. , McKemie Daniel S. , Goldin Skyler , Kass Philip H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlunixin meglumine is a highly efficacious nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug commonly used in equine medicine and especially in performance horses. Recently, a new transdermal flunixin meglumine product has been approved for use in cattle. Although not currently approved for use in the horse, the convenience of this product may prove appealing for use in horses, warranting study. Six horses were administered a single transdermal dose of 500 mg and blood and urine samples collected for up to 96 h post‐administration. Serum for determination of thromboxane concentrations and whole blood samples was collected at various time and challenged with lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore, or methanol to induce ex vivo synthesis of eicosanoids. Concentrations of flunixin, 5‐OH flunixin, and eicosanoids were measured using LC‐MS/MS and non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis performed on concentration data. Serum concentrations of flunixin and 5‐OH flunixin were above the limit of quantitation at 96 h post‐administration in both serum and urine. The mean (range) for Cmax, Tmax and the terminal half‐life were 515.6 (369.7–714.0) ng/ml, 8.67 (8.0 12.0) h, and 22.4 (18.3–42.5) h, respectively. Following transdermal administration, based on effects on eicosanoid synthesis, flunixin meglumine inhibited cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and 15‐lipooxygenase activity, with anti‐inflammatory effects lasting for 24–72 h.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 regulates the production of acute‐phase reactants from the liver
Authors: Jacome Sanz Dafne , Saralahti Anni K. , Pekkarinen Meeri , Kesseli Juha , Nykter Matti , Rämet Mika , Ojanen Markus J. T. , Pesu Marko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) controls blood cholesterol levels by fostering the LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation in hepatocytes. Additionally, PCSK9 has been suggested to participate in immunoregulation by modulating cytokine production. We studied the immunological role of PCSK9 in Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia in vivo and in a human hepatocyte cell line.MethodsCRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis was utilized to create pcsk9 knock‐out (KO) zebrafish, which were infected with S pneumoniae to assess the role of PCSK9 for the survival of the fish and in the transcriptomic response of the liver. The direct effects of PCSK9 on the expression of acute‐phase reaction (APR) genes were studied in HepG2 cells.ResultsThe pcsk9 KO zebrafish lines (pcsk9tpu‐13 and pcsk9tpu‐2,+15) did not show developmental defects or gross phenotypical differences. In the S pneumoniae infected zebrafish, the mortality of pcsk9 KOs was similar to the controls. A liver‐specific gene expression analysis revealed that a pneumococcal challenge upregulated pcsk9, and that the pcsk9 deletion reduced the expression of APR genes, including hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (hamp) and complement component 7b (c7b). Accordingly, silencing PCSK9 in vitro in HepG2 cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) decreased HAMP expression.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that PCSK9 is not critical for zebrafish survival in a systemic pneumococcal infection. However, PCSK9 deficiency was associated with the lower expression of APR genes in zebrafish and altered the expression of innate immunity genes in a human hepatocyte cell line. Overall, our data suggest an evolutionarily conserved function for PCSK9 in APR in the liver.
Ramucirumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of liver disease aetiology
Authors: Galle Peter R. , Kudo Masatoshi , Llovet Josep M. , Finn Richard S. , Karwal Mark , Pezet Denis , Kim Tae‐You , Yang Tsai‐Sheng , Lonardi Sara , Tomasek Jiri , Phelip Jean‐Marc , Touchefeu Yann , Koh Su‐Jin , Stirnimann Guido , Liang Kun , Ogburn Kenyon D. , Wang Chunxiao , Abada Paolo , Widau Ryan C. , Zhu Andrew X. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of chronic liver disease with diverse underlying aetiologies. REACH/REACH‐2 were global phase III studies investigating ramucirumab in advanced HCC (aHCC) following sorafenib treatment. We performed an exploratory analysis of outcomes by liver disease aetiology and baseline serum viral load.MethodsMeta‐analysis was conducted in patients with aHCC and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL (N = 542) from REACH/REACH‐2 trials. Individual patient‐level data were pooled with results reported by aetiology subgroup (hepatitis B [HBV] or C [HCV] and Other). Pre‐treatment serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA were quantified using Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model (stratified by study).ResultsBaseline characteristics were generally balanced between arms in each subgroup (HBV: N = 225, HCV: N = 127, Other: N = 190). No significant difference in treatment effect by aetiology subgroup was detected (OS interaction P‐value = .23). Median OS (ramucirumab vs placebo) in months was 7.7 versus 4.5 (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99) for HBV, 8.2 versus 5.5 (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.55–1.23) for HCV and 8.5 versus 5.4 (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40–0.79) for Other. Ramucirumab showed similar overall safety profiles across subgroups. Worst outcomes were noted in patients with a detectable HBV load. Use of HBV antiviral therapy, irrespective of viral load, was beneficial for survival, liver function and liver‐specific adverse events.ConclusionsRamucirumab improved survival across aetiology subgroups with a tolerable safety profile, supporting its use in patients with aHCC and elevated AFP.
Ultra‐processed food is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ivancovsky‐Wajcman Dana , Fliss‐Isakov Naomi , Webb Muriel , Bentov Itay , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital , Zelber‐Sagi Shira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground & aimsHigh consumption of ultra‐processed food (UPF) is associated with mortality and chronic morbidity but has not been studied concerning to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to test the association of UPF consumption with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD and related‐liver damage.MethodsA cross‐sectional study among volunteers who underwent abdominal ultrasound (AUS), anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and fasting blood tests including FibroMax for non‐invasive assessment of NASH and significant fibrosis. A food‐frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate UPF consumption using the NOVA classification.ResultsA total of 789 subjects were included in the total sample (mean age 58.83 ± 6.58 years, 52.60% men), a reliable FibroMax test was obtained from 714 subjects, 305 subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. High consumption of UPF was associated with higher odds for metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.31‐2.71,P = .001) and its components; hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL, among the entire sample (OR = 1.53, 1.07‐2.19,P = .026; OR = 1.51, 1.08‐2.11,P = .017; OR = 1.55, 1.05‐2.29,P = .028). In addition, it was associated with higher odds for NASH and hypertension (OR = 1.89, 1.07‐3.38,P = .030; OR = 2.26, 1.20‐4.26,P = .012 respectively) among subjects with NAFLD. Stratification by smoking status revealed an association between high UPF consumption and significant fibrosis among ever smokers in the entire sample and among subjects with NAFLD (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.03‐3.45,P = .039; OR = 2.85, 1.14‐7.14,P = .026 respectively).ConclusionsHigh UPF consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome in the general population, and among those with NAFLD it is associated with NASH marker. Ever‐smoking may act synergistically with UPF to amplify the risk for fibrosis.