bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharing lessons learnt: Reflections on a novel approach to developing the contextual activity template
Authors: Berber Elise , Read Gemma J. M. , Simcock Gabrielle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere have been few published applications of the second phase of Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), Control Task Analysis, particularly the Contextual Activity Template (CAT). The current study aimed to share lessons learnt from utilizing an online survey as a novel approach to development of a CAT. The application domain was sport, specifically football goalkeeping. A secondary aim was to apply the CAT to the goalkeeping role and gain the perceptions of both goalkeeping coaches and players on the functions and situations specific to a goalkeeper during match‐play.MethodsTen SMEs with high‐level expertize in goalkeeping coaching and/or playing participated in an online survey including a series of demographic, Likert scale and open‐ended questions regarding goalkeeper specific functions and match‐play situations. Eight goalkeeper match‐play situations and 18 specific functions were included.ResultsA CAT model was created demonstrating the match‐play situations where specific goalkeeper functions occur. Three function groupings were identified: broad (six or more functions), moderate (between three and five functions), and specific (below three functions).DiscussionUtilizing online surveys to develop a CAT model is a novel approach within the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) literature. Further, the CAT represents a first of its kind analysis in the football performance literature. Strengths and limitations of using online surveys for the development of a CAT are discussed. In conclusion, the work suggests flexible approaches can be used to develop HFE models.
Electrodeposition of Poly‐3‐Methyl Thiophene using Pulsed Techniques: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pereira Ibaldo Adriana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this preliminary study poly(3‐methyl thiophene) (P3MT) films were obtained by electropolymerization on ITO substrates using as voltage excitation signal differential pulse. The P3MT films present globular morphology, which could provide an increased P3MT/electrode interfacial area. The P3MT films when part of an ITO/P3MT/Al device, present photovoltaic response. The differential pulse technique may be an alternative to prepare polythiophene films aiming polymeric thin films for optoelectronic devices and sensors.
Bone Fractures in Children and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Age Distribution, Fracture Location, and the Role of Glycemic Control
Authors: Eckert Alexander J , Semler Oliver , Schnabel Dirk , Köstner Katharina , Wurm Donald , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza Susanne , Schaaf Katja , Hörtenhuber Thomas , Hammersen Johanna , Holl Reinhard W 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a known risk factor for fractures, but the underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. This study aims to define age peaks and frequent fracture sites of children and young adults with T1D. Additionally, associations of fractures with metabolic and lifestyle factors as well as with additional complications in individuals with T1D were analyzed. A total of 750 individuals with T1D aged ≤25 years with fractures were matched to 3750 patients with T1D without fractures by demographics and insulin regimen. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were compared using linear regression, and logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for fractures in individuals with acute complications and diseases. Median (Q1–Q3) age was 12.7 (9.9 to 14.9) years in individuals with fractures and 16.3 (12.6 to 17.8) years in the entire control group with 65% versus 53% males. Peak age for fractures was 7 to &lt;15 years in males and 9 to &lt;11 years in females, which is earlier than reported for the general population. HbA1c (%) was significantly higher in individuals with fractures than in controls (difference of estimated means: 0.26%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.46), especially in postpubertal females (0.68; 0.10–1.26). Significantly higher odds for fractures were observed in individuals with severe hypoglycemia (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.47–2.47), especially in prepubertal females (OR = 2.81; 1.21–6.52]) and postpubertal males (2.44; 1.11–5.38), celiac disease (2.02; 1.67–2.45), and with a history of smoking (1.38; 1.02–1.88). The age peak of fractures seems to be earlier in T1D than in the general population. Poor glycemic control is related to fractures, even before puberty. Associations of HbA1c and severe hypoglycemia with fractures highly depend on age and sex. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Anorexia nervosa and inflammatory bowel diseases—Diagnostic and genetic associations
Authors: Larsen Janne Tidselbak , Yilmaz Zeynep , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni Jóhann , Thornton Laura M. , Benros Michael Eriksen , Musliner Katherine L. ,   Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Werge Thomas , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Bulik Cynthia M. , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN), a serious eating disorder, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) share a number of key symptoms, for example, discomfort during eating and early satiety. Despite the symptom overlap, studies on comorbidity are limited and mostly conducted in relatively small samples. This study investigates the comorbidity of diagnosed AN with IBD, and the subtypes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, in a population‐based sample and explores whether genetic factors could play a role in the overlap.MethodsThe study included 1,238,813 individuals born in Denmark 1981–2005 selected from the population register (5067 diagnosed with AN and 6947 diagnosed with any IBD), including a subsample of 23,236 individuals with genetic information (4271 with AN and 176 with any IBD). By combining hospital‐based diagnoses recorded in health registers until 2013 with polygenic scores (PGS) of AN and IBD, we investigated possible associations between diagnoses of each disorder, both within individuals and families, and between PGS of one disorder and diagnosis of the other disorder. Analyses were conducted using Cox regression and logistic regression.ResultsWe found that a prior diagnosis of AN was associated with hazard ratios of 1.44 (1.05, 1.97) for any IBD, 1.60 (1.04, 2.46) for Crohn's disease, and 1.66 (1.15, 2.39) for ulcerative colitis, whereas IBD diagnoses were not significantly associated with later AN diagnosis. No significant within‐families associations were observed. We found no associations between AN and IBD using PGS.ConclusionsAN was associated with later risk of IBD, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis; however, the reverse was not observed. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this association to evaluate IBD as a differential diagnosis or an emergent condition in patients with AN.
Uptake of genetic counseling and multi‐gene panel testing among women in the Intermountain West with previous negative BRCA1 and BRCA2 results contacted for updated testing
Authors: Mooney Ryan , Espinel Whitney , Elrick Ashley , Kehoe Kelsey , Kohlmann Wendy , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWomen with a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer who previously had BRCA1/2 testing now have the opportunity for additional genetic risk information through multi‐gene panel testing. However, little is known about women's receptivity to further contact and uptake of genetic counseling and updated genetic testing. Utilizing a clinic database to identify potential participants, we prospectively contacted women in the United States with a personal and/or family history of breast or ovarian cancer who had negative BRCA1/2 testing, which was performed primarily between 2011 and 2018. Eligible and interested participants were scheduled for a genetic counseling appointment to discuss updated genetic testing using a multi‐gene panel. We attempted to contact 455 participants, screened 203 (45%), and 103 (23%) completed a pre‐test genetic counseling visit to discuss updated testing. Of these, 88 participants had updated multi‐gene panel testing. Participants had an average age of 59 years, and most (78%) had breast cancer with an average age of 45 at diagnosis. The majority (97%) of participants were white. Of participants who underwent panel testing, 13% (n = 11) had at least one pathogenic variant identified. Most participants (86%) had an out‐of‐pocket cost of $100 or less for their panel. There is a sizable population of women with a personal and/or family history of breast or ovarian cancer and negative BRCA1/2 test results who would qualify for updated multi‐gene panel testing. In our study, 59% of those reached who were eligible completed a pre‐test genetic counseling visit. Clinics could consider an outreach program to offer genetic counseling and updated genetic testing. Supports for this type of effort may include coordinators and genetic counseling assistants and an available database with patients’ contact information and prior genetic test results. Updated testing allows women more information about their risk and may expand the value of genetic counseling.
The wisdom of mistrust: qualitative insights from transgender women who participated in PrEP research in Lima, Peru
Authors: Perez‐Brumer Amaya , Naz‐McLean Sarah , Huerta Leyla , Salazar Ximena , Lama Javier R , Sanchez Jorge , Silva‐Santisteban Alfonso , Reisner Sari L , Mayer Kenneth H , Clark Jesse L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a remarkable biomedical advance to prevent HIV, ongoing research on PrEP contributes to and interacts with a legacy of HIV experimentation on marginalized communities in resource‐limited settings. This paper explores the complexity of PrEP research mistrust among Peruvian transgender (trans) women who completed a PrEP adherence intervention and those who refused participation (i.e. declined to enrol, voluntarily withdrew, and/or were lost to follow‐up).MethodsData were derived from 86 trans women (mean age 29 years) participants in the formative (four focus groups (n = 32), 20 interviews) and the evaluation stages (34 interviews) of a social network‐based PrEP intervention for trans women in Lima, Peru. The formative stage took place from May to July 2015, while the evaluative stage took place from April to May 2018. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analysed via an immersion crystallization approach using Dedoose (v.6.1.18).ResultsThree paradoxes of trans women’s participation in PrEP science as a “key” population emerged as amplifying mistrust: (1) increases in PrEP research targeting trans women but limited perceived improvements in HIV outcomes; (2) routine dismissal by research physicians and staff of PrEP‐related side effects and the social realities of taking PrEP, resulting in questions about who PrEP research is really for and (3) persistent limitations on PrEP access for trans women despite increasing involvement in clinical trials, fostering feelings of being a “guinea pig” to advance PrEP science.ConclusionsFindings highlight the wisdom inherent in PrEP mistrust as a reflection of trans women’s experiences that underscore the broken bonds of trust between communities, researchers and the research enterprise. PrEP mistrust is amplified through perceived paradoxes that suggest to trans women that they are key experimental participants but not target PrEP users outside of research settings. Findings highlight the urgent need to reframe mistrust not as a characteristic of trans women to be addressed through education and outreach, but as a systemic institutional‐ and industry‐level problem replicated, manifested and ultimately to be corrected, through global HIV science.
Polypide anatomy of hornerid bryozoans (Stenolaemata: Cyclostomatida)
Authors: Tamberg Yuta , Batson Peter B. , Napper Ruth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBryozoans are small colonial coelomates whose colonies are made of individual modules (zooids). Like most coelomate animals, bryozoans have a characteristic body wall composition, including an epidermis, an extracellular matrix (ECM) and a coelothelium, all pressed together. The order Cyclostomatida, however, presents the most striking deviation, in which the ECM and the corresponding coelothelium underlying major parts of the skeletal wall epidermis are detached to form an independent membranous sac. It forms a separate, much smaller compartment, suspended in the zooid body cavity and working as an important element of the cyclostome lophophore protrusion mechanism. The polypide anatomy and ultrastructure of this group is best known from studies of one family, the Crisiidae (Articulata). Here, we examined four species from the phylogenetically and ecologically contrasting family Horneridae (Cancellata) from New Zealand, and provide the first detailed ultrastructural description of the hornerid polypide, including tentacles, mouth region, digestive system and the funiculus. We were able to trace continuity and transitions of cell and ECM layers throughout the whole polypide. In addition, we identified that the funiculus is a lumen‐free ECM cord with two associated muscles, disconnected from interzooidal pores. Except for funicular core composition, the polypide anatomy of hornerids agrees well with the general cyclostomate body plan.
Axillary vein access using ultrasound guidance, Venography or Cephalic Cutdown—What is the optimal access technique for insertion of pacing leads?
Authors: Davis Lloyd , Chik William , Kumar Saurabh , Sivagangabalan Gopal , Thomas Stuart P. , Denniss A. Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe reviewed the different approaches used for central vein access during insertion of cardiac implantable electronic devices. The benefits and hazards of each approach (cephalic vein cutdown, axillary vein cannulation using venography and ultrasound) are discussed. Each approach has its advantages and hazards that need to be considered for the individual patient and balanced against the skills of the operator. The benefits of ultrasound guided venous access in reducing radiation exposure to the patient and implanter, avoiding the need for angiographic contrast and in minimizing the risk of pneumothorax and inadvertent arterial puncture are highlighted. Trainees should be taught each approach to deal with patient variability. Ultrasound guidance should be considered as a mainstream option for most patients.
Improving norbixin dispersibility and stability by liposomal encapsulation using the pH‐driven method
Authors: Liu Hang , Zhang Junbing , Xiong Yong , Peng Shengfeng , McClements David Julian , Zou Liqiang , Liang Ruihong , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNorbixin, a carotenoid extracted from annatto seeds, is widely utilized as a natural pigment in foods, cosmetics and medicines. Its water solubility is relatively high under neutral or alkaline conditions but low under acidic conditions, which limits its application in some food products.RESULTSThis problem was overcome by utilizing liposomes to encapsulate the carotenoids so that they could be easily dispersed within acidic solutions. The norbixin was loaded into the liposomes using the pH‐driven method. Liposomes were produced by passing aqueous phospholipid dispersions through a microfluidizer under high pressure. Norbixin was then added to the liposome dispersions at pH 7.0 and then driven into the hydrophobic domains of the phospholipid bilayers by acidifying the system. Measurements of the encapsulation efficiency showed that the norbixin was successfully loaded into the liposomes using the pH‐driven method. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the norbixin was in an amorphous state after incorporation into the liposomes. Encapsulation of norbixin within the liposomes was also shown to increase its water dispersibility and chemical stability under acidic pH conditions.CONCLUSIONThe pH‐driven method therefore provides a useful means of increasing the application of this bioactive carotenoid within functional foods and other products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reliability and Convergent Construct Validity of Quantitative Ultrasound for Synovitis, Meniscal Extrusion, and Osteophyte in Knee Osteoarthritis With MRI
Authors: Oo Win Min , Linklater James M. , Bennell Kim L. , Daniel Matthew S. , Pryke Danielle , Wang Xia , Yu Shirley P. , Deveza Leticia , Duong Vicky , Hunter David J. 
Published: September 2021

AimsTo determine: 1) inter‐rater reliability of quantitative measurements of ultrasound‐detected synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes; and 2) construct (convergent) validity via correlations and absolute agreements between ultrasound‐ and gold‐standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐outcomes in knee osteoarthritis.MethodsDynamic ultrasound images for supra‐patellar synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes were acquired and quantified by a physician operator, musculoskeletal ultrasonographer, and medical student independently. On the same day, 3T MRI images were acquired. Effusion‐synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes were quantified on sagittal or coronal proton‐density‐weighted fat‐suppressed noncontrast TSE sequences, respectively. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson's correlations (r), and Bland–Altman plots were used to analyze inter‐rater reliability, and correlations, and agreements between the two imaging modalities.ResultsEighty‐nine participants [48 females (53.9%)] with mean (standard deviation) age of 61.5 ± 6.9 years were included. The inter‐rater reliability was excellent for osteophytes (ICC range = 0.90–0.96), meniscal extrusion (ICC range = 0.90–0.93), and synovitis (ICC range = 0.86–0.88).The correlations between ultrasound pathologies and their MRI counterparts were very strong (ICC range = 0.85–0.98) except for lateral meniscal extrusion [0.66 (95% CI, 0.52–0.76)]. Bland–Altman plots showed 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.53, and 0.60 mm larger size in ultrasound medial tibial and medial femoral osteophytes, medial meniscal extrusions, synovitis, and lateral meniscal extrusions with 95% limits of agreements [±0.39, ±0.44, ±0.85, ±0.70, and ±0.90 (SDs)] than MRI measures, respectively. The lines of equality were within 95% CI of the mean differences (bias) only for medial osteophytes and medial meniscal extrusion.ConclusionThe quantitative assessment of synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes generally showed excellent inter‐rater reliability and strong correlations with MRI‐based measurements. Absolute agreement was strong for medial tibiofemoral pathologies.
Bone‐Adhesive Hydrogels Based on Dual Crosslinked Poly(2‐oxazoline)s
Authors: Sánchez‐Fernández María J. , Rutjes Jens , Félix Lanao Rosa P. , Bender Johan C. M. E. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of bone glues based on bone‐adhesive hydrogels to allow for facile bone fracture fixation remains a major challenge. Herein, dual crosslinked hydrogels that combine tunable stiffness, ductility, and self‐healing capacity are successfully synthesized. The resulting double network hydrogel is formed by chemical crosslinking of N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐functionalized poly(2‐oxazoline)s(POx‐NHS)"?> with amine‐functionalized poly(2‐oxazoline)s, and physical crosslinking of alendronate‐functionalized poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POx‐Ale) with calcium ions in solution. The use of an excess of alendronate‐functionalized POx‐Ale polymers also ensures affinity toward calcium cations in the mineral phase of bone, thereby rendering these hydrogels adhesive to bone. The mechanical and bone‐adhesive properties of these novel hydrogels are superior to commercially available fibrin sealants. Moreover, hydrogels retain their bone‐adhesive properties under wet conditions. Although the dual crosslinked hydrogels swell considerably, they are stable upon immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline (up to 12 d) and even in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution. The enhanced mechanical and bone‐adhesive properties of these hydrogels, as well as their in vitro stability, indicate that they have much application potential as bone‐adhesive glues.
Neuroimaging of situational urgency and incontinence provoked by personal urgency cues
Authors: Clarkson Becky D. , Wei Zhiyang , Karim Helmet T. , Tyagi Shachi , Resnick Neil M. , Salkeld Ronald P. , Conklin Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionSituational triggers for urinary urgency and incontinence (UUI) such as “latchkey incontinence” and running water are often reported clinically, but no current clinical tools exist to directly address symptoms of UUI provoked by environmental stimuli. Previously we have shown that urgency and leakage can be reproduced during urodynamic studies with exposure to personal urgency‐related images. Here we investigate the neural signatures associated with such situational triggers to inform potential therapies for reducing reactivity to these personal urgency‐related cues among women with situational UUI.MethodWe recruited 23 women with situational UUI who took photographs of their personal “urgency trigger” and “safe” situations and were exposed to them in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. We identified brain areas that were more active during urgency versus safe image exposure.ResultsWe found that, during urgency image exposure, main components of the attention network and decision‐related processes, the middle and medial frontal gyri, were more active (p < 0.01). In addition, areas well known to be involved in the continence mechanism, such as the cingulate and parahippocampal areas, were also more active during urgency image exposure.ConclusionExposure to personal situational urgency images activated different areas of the brain compared with safe environments, highlighting the complex brain mechanisms that provoke real‐world urgency. Using brain and behavioral‐based therapies which target the attentional areas identified here and extinguish cue reactivity might reduce symptom burden in this subset of UUI sufferers.
Multiscale analysis of thermal problems in heterogeneous materials with Direct FE2 method
Authors: Zhi Jie , Raju Karthikayen , Tay Tong‐Earn , Tan Vincent Beng Chye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiscale thermal analysis is motivated by efficient modeling of complex microstructural response (nonlinear conduction, transient conduction, coupled thermomechanics, etc.) without resorting to fully resolved simulations, direct numerical simulation (DNS). It is typically conducted with an FE method that couples two levels of finite element simulations in a nested manner. This article presents a Direct FE method for modeling heat transfer problems in heterogeneous solids. The proposed method is developed based on the same theoretical framework as the FE method, namely downscaling and upscaling rules. However, the scale transitions are achieved through temperature/nodal thermal force in Direct FE rather than temperature gradient/heat flux in common FE implementations. The two‐level simulations can be solved in a monolithic scheme where the macroscopic and microscopic DOFs are coupled through multi‐point constraints. This feature allows an easy implementation in standard FE packages without resorting to repeated transfer of data between two scales. For transient thermal problems, the implementation provides an option to either incorporate or exclude thermal inertial effects and heat generation at the microscale. The performance of the Direct FE is demonstrated by several numerical examples including coupled thermal‐mechanical analysis and transient heat conduction, and the results are compared with DNSs.