bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Ganoderma spp. on the trees at Arboretum of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Implications for health care recommendation of old trees
Authors: Rahayu S , Utomo D S , Cahyanto V E , Anggara G , Adriyanti D T , Nurjanto H H , Kristian A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The arboretum of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, established in 1963, is host to various plants and trees originating from across Indonesia. Due to poor management and climate change, several cases of tree death and decline related to the Ganoderma sp. attack have been reported since 2015. The aims of this research were to evaluate the occurrence of root rot disease and to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of Ganoderma spp. Completely survey on 638 trees with DBH more than 10 cm, monitored the number of basidiocarps attached on each infected species tree, and assessed the leaf and canopy condition were conducted on 2018 to 2021. The result showed that 0.78 % of trees with more than 10 cm diameter were infected by Ganoderma sp. since 2018 and become 1.57% in 2021. The species trees of Pterygota alata (1 tree), Pterocarpus indicus (1 tree), and Adenanthera pavonina (8 trees) were attacked by Ganoderma with a disease severity index of 25% to 100% in September 2021. The spatial pattern of trees associated with Ganoderma was random. However, since the density of trees at the arboretum is dense, the potential Ganoderma spreading through root contact will be high. Regular monitoring for early detection has to be conducted to prevent advanced infection and to set health care recommendations for infected trees with a high scientific value.
An overview of recent advances in sediment microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment and energy production
Authors: Emalya N , Munawar E , Suhendrayatna S , Fathanah U , Yunardi Y 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn developing countries, the presence of wastewater is undesirable due to a costly investment for the treatment unit and energy-intensive for the operation. The wastewater treatment units in developing countries usually are not appropriately operated due to lacking operational cost. Therefore, it is not surprising if wastewater has never been considered a potential resource, even though it is rich in organics and nutrient substances. Biological treatment enables the conversion of wastewater into valuable products and energy. Sediment Microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are emerging technologies envisaged as a feasible solution for simultaneous removal of carbonaceous compounds and generation of electricity. In SMFCs, power can be generated naturally by embedding an anode in the sediment and immersing the cathode in the water above the sediment. One of the most significant obstacles to upscaling and practical applications of the SMFCs appears to be the low-power output. The entire performance of an SMFC is determined by microorganisms, proper electrode materials, optimal SMFC designs, and process parameter optimization. This paper will discuss the recent progress of SMFC research related to its application in wastewater treatments and energy production. The advantages and obstacles of using SMFC in wastewater treatment are also presented.
Feasibility of using low resin content levels in the production of bamboo particle composite: basic properties
Authors: Bahari S A , Abu F , Zakaria M N , Osman S , Appiah-Kubi E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the suitability of Semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) particles in the production of single-layered composite board was investigated. The effects of different resin types and lower resin content levels on the basic properties (mechanical and physical properties) of particle composite board made from G. scortechinii were determined. The 12-mm thickness boards with dimension of 340 × 340 mm and targeted density of 660 kg/m3 were fabricated. Types of resin used were melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and urea formaldehyde (UF), while resin content levels were 3.5 and 5%. In general, the mechanical and physical properties of board blended with MUF resin were better than UF due to the presence of melamine in MUF that influenced the properties. Board made from 5% resin content were better in term of mechanical and physical properties than 3.5% resin content levels. 5% resin content level had increased the particles bonding ability, thus influenced the excellent properties of the board. However, in general, the properties of bamboo particle composite board in this study were not comparable to the board made from wood. Only IB properties of bamboo particle composite board exceeded the minimum requirements as stipulated in standards. As a consequence, the information of particle composite board made from bamboo is important in assessing bamboo’s usefulness as an alternative raw material for wood-based industries. The final results obtained could be used as reference for researchers and manufacturers.
Particle size distribution and clay minerals in dryland soils of Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi S , Arabia T , Khairullah K , Apriani I 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil particle size distribution is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. This research aims to determine the distribution of soil particles and the composition of clay minerals on each layer of the horizon in four soil profiles (P1, P2, P3, and P4) with different parent materials in the dryland of Aceh Besar district which includes Entisols Jantho, Andisols Saree, Inceptisols Cucum, and Oxisols Lembah Seulawah. Particle size distribution (or texture) and bulk density (BD) were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil structure and consistency were observed directly in the field. The type of clay minerals was identified by X-ray diffraction, while Fe, Al, and Si-oxide were extracted by dithionite-citrate solution. The results shown that the particle size distribution and the physical properties of dryland soils of Aceh Besar vary between soil orders. Andisols Saree has better physical properties than the physical properties of other soils and low bulk density. The Al, Fe, and Si fractions and clay mineral composition in the soil profiles also vary considerably between soil orders. The Andisols are dominated by allophane minerals (amorphous fractions) while Entisols, Inceptisols and Oxisols consist of mixed minerals of feldspar, quartz, halloysite, goethite, and other clay minerals. These soil orders have some soil physical constraints i.e. high soil bulk density, low water holding capacity and poor soil structures. Improvements in the physical properties of the soil on Aceh Besar dryland are indispensable to improve the quality of the soil.
Effect of selection methods on seed potato quality in the following season
Authors: Gunadi N , Pronk A , Kartasih A A , Prabaningrum L , Moekasan T K , Hengsdijk H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most potato farmers in Indonesia select the small tubers at harvest for planting in the following season, the so-called farmers’ practice (FP). This propagation method is cheap, but the small tubers may come from less healthy plants, which increases the build-up of diseases with accelerated yield decreases over the seasons. Alternatively, farmers may identify healthy plants within the growing season and select those for propagation, the so-called positive plant selection method (PPSM). An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PPSM compared to FP on yields in the following season in the two main potato growing areas of West Java, i.e., Pangalengan and Garut. Generations G2 and G3 of cv. Granola and one generation of the imported cv. Atlantic were used. Selected seeds using PPSM and FP were planted in the second season in a randomized complete block design. Results show that yields of seeds selected through PPSM were significantly higher compared to seeds selected through FP, over both locations, on average, 7.4, 5.5 and 1.2 ton ha−1 for Granola G2 and G3, and the Atlantic, respectively. These yield increases represent an increase in the gross revenue of 30.8 to 51.8 million IDR ha−1 for Granola and 1.9 to 7.8 million IDR ha−1 for Atlantic at a farm gate price of 7,000 and 6,500 IDR kg−1, respectively. This study confirms that PPSM is superior to FP and improves the quality of the farms saved seeds.
The effect of CO2emissions in Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf Z , Wardhiah  , Syamni G , Siregar M J A , Sitepu Y A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effect of the variable use of CO2 emission gas and export variables on Indonesia’s economic growth. The data used in this study are time series data from the two variables for the period 2004 to 2019. All data were obtained from the world bank and accessed through the www.data.worldbank.org. The data analysis method used in this study uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model approach. The ARDL model is used to examine the short-term and long-term effects of CO2 gas emission variables and export variables. The results of the study found that the variable use of CO2 emission gas in the short term had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. The export variable has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, in the long term, the variable use of CO2 emission gas and the export variable has no effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. This finding shows that Indonesia’s economic growth is still determined by exports, but in the long term the government must work harder to increase its exports. In addition, export activities must not lead to the use of excessive CO2 emissions.
The effect of planting season on physical and chemical characteristics of local rice varieties
Authors: Fahmy K , Yanti D , Permata D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The season is the time interval with the most frequent weather. The rainy season is the time when it rains a lot, while the dry season is the time when it rains a little. Planting season is one of the factors that affect the quality of the grain, which directly determines the quality of rice. This study aims to determine the effect of the growing season on the physical-chemical characteristics of rice. The sample observed was the Bujang Marantau rice (local variety) which was taken from two seasons (dry season and rainy season) in the same location, which is Nagari Singkarak, X Koto Singkarak District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. The physical characteristics examined were head rice, broken rice, and groats. Chemical characteristics analyzed were amylose content determined by the IRRI method (1971). Meanwhile, water content and ash content were analyzed by the gravimetric method. In addition, fat content was determined by the Soxhlet method with Weibull modification. Furthermore, protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the growing season did not affect the ash content, fat content, and carbohydrates of the Bujang Marantau rice, but affected the water, protein, and amylose content. Based on the quality requirements (SNI 6128:2015), Bujang Marantau rice is included in the medium quality class 1.
Temperature coverage simulation of horizontal cylinder type coffee roasting machine
Authors: Fachruddin F , Syafriandi S , Fadhil R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to simulate the temperature distribution of coffee roasting machines and study the profile of coffee beans roasted using a horizontal cylinder-type roaster. The coffee used in this study is arabica. The simulation method for the temperature estimation in the coffee roasting process uses the Solidworks Flow Simulation 2016 software, while the actual temperature measurement using a thermocouple is simulated with the Surfer software version 16. Furthermore, each stage of the coffee roasting process has been carried out, including the weight of the material, the roasting temperature, and the bulk density. The final step is to observe the profile of the roasted coffee beans at every minute of treatment. The study results indicate a difference between the approximate temperature simulation (top 176.85°C, bottom 191.97°C) and the actual temperature measured results (upper 214°C, bottom 220°C). The weight of the material (coffee green bean), the roasting temperature, and the bulk density during the test experienced regular movements from the beginning to the end of the treatment. The profile of roasted coffee beans shows a darker color movement along with the longer roasting time used. The profile of the roasted coffee beans will be beneficial in determining at which level of roasting you want (light, medium, medium-dark, dark).
Performance test of air input control system for paddy grain drying using in-store dryer
Authors: Nurba D , Agustina R , Yasar M , Khurjannah A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The control system is e series of a system that is very important in today’s technology. Wherewith control system can make the human job easy and get a good result. This study used a controlled In-Store Dryer to dry 100 kg of grain with an initial moisture content of 17,77% to reach 14%. The study results using a control system, the average ambient temperature of the three tests ranged from 32°C to 33°C, and the RH ranged from 64,8 % to 68,6%. At the same time, the average temperature was 36,7°C to 37,5°C, and the average RH was 49,9% up to 64,7%. The drying airflow speed at the fan input is 6,2 m/s and at the chimney 9,2 m/s. Moisture content during drying differs for each thickness depending on the location, with an average drying rate of 0,92%. During drying, the moisture content varied for each consistency depending on the site, with the drying rate at an average ISD of 0.92% w / hr. total electrical energy consumption of 32.57 kWh and energy in biomass combustion 1,416,600 kJ. The quality during rice drying starts from the initial moisture content of 17.78% to reach the final moisture content of 10.44%.
The effect of trichoderma harzianum dose and shallot population (Allium cepa L.) on chili production (Capsicum annuum L.) by intercropping system
Authors: Novianti D , Basyah B , Kesumawati E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum is a soil fungus that plays a role in decomposing soil organic matter, and contains several components of substances such as N, P, S and Mg and nutrients needed by plants for their growth. Intercropping is one way to increase the efficiency of land use by planting several types of plants on the same land and at the same time. Meanwhile, to increase land use efficiency and reduce the risk of chili farming failure, it can be achieved by implementing an intercropping system of chili with shallots. The research aimed to determine of T.harzianum dosage and the shallots population (Allium cepa L.). The interaction between these on the chili production (Capsicum annuum L.) by intercropping system. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design 4 × 3 factorial with three replications. Threre were interactions between T. harzianum dosage and shallots population on fruits number per plant, fruit weight per plant and fruit length per plant. The best result were found at 20 g per plant T. harzianum dosage and two shallots population on fruits number per plant (153,33 fruit), fruit weight per plant (121,55 g) and fruit length per plant (126,41 cm).
The relationship between renewable energy and sustainable development in Indonesia
Authors: Syamni G , Wardhiah  , Zulkifli  , Siregar M J A , Sitepu Y A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is conducted to examine the relationship between the use of renewable energy and FDI in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data that has been published by the World Bank and accessed in www.Data.worldbank.org. periode 2004-2019. The data analysis method used is the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. The results of the study found that the use of renewable energy in the short and long term has a positive effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. Meanwhile, the same thing is also shown from the FDI variable in the short term and long term which has a significant positive effect on economic growth and has a positive effect on economic growth. Finally, with this finding, it is concluded that both the short and long term the Indonesian government needs to make a breakthrough to explore renewable energy sources for economic growth.
Rumen metabolic activities of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time
Authors: Iflijar  , Wajizah S , Samadi  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cacao pod husk is a potential tropical resources that is widely utilized as animal feed. The presented study aimed to investigate rumen metabolic activities of (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time. A completely randomized factorial was applied in this study consisting of two factors; lingzhi mushroom concentration (K1 = 7.5%; K2 = 15%) and incubation time (L1 = 15 d; L2 =30 d; L3 = 45 d) with 3 replicates. All samples of cacao pod husk were analyzed to determine NH3 concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and gas production. Gas production was periodically collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation. The result of study indicated that there was significant interaction (P<0.01) between the concentration of G.lucidum and incubation time on NH3 concentration of rumen liquid. The highest concentration of NH3 was found at 7.5% G.lucidum concentration for 45 d incubation (14.70mM). G.lucidum concentration significantly affected (P<0.01) VFA concentration in which samples inoculated with the level of 7.5% G.lucidum was higher compared to that of 15% G.lucidum (125.16 mM vs 113.94 mM). This study concluded that cacao pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom at different concentration time influencing metabolic activities of the rumen.
The role of environment restoration on microclimate sustainability in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan
Authors: Lubis T , Perangin-angin A B , Dardanila  , Nasution T , Hasrul S , Ramlan  , Abus A F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The outdoor recreation built meaning, function, values, and norms to landscape activity in one area. Besides, it created a comfortable nuance for the visitors and the residents at Perumahan Cemara Asri, Medan, due to maintaining the microclimate in this area. The Landscape of Taman Burung in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan is outdoor recreation located in the center of urban residence. It maintains a microclimate for the residents and visitors. Hence they feel comfortable. The presence of prohibition boards in outdoor recreation informs the essential meaning and value of outdoor recreation. This study aimed to analyze the role of the verbal and visual signs toward microclimate maintenance at Taman Burung Cemara Asri, Medan. It was a qualitative study, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The data were verbal and visual signs in outdoor recreation at Taman Burung Taman Burung Cemara Asri, interview, and participant observation. It is known that the verbal and visual signs have an important role for human activity (visitors and residents) related to their behavior in treating the environment well. Maintaining the condition of the physical elements of the micro-climate creates comfort for visitors and residents at Taman Burung Cemara Asri Medan.
Biological treatment of palm oil mill effluent by using a downflow hanging sponge reactor
Authors: Rapi N , Jane C , Azni M E , Hitam S M S , Mohamad R , Noorain R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The performance of biological treatment using a downflow hanging sponge reactor as post-treatment of agro-industrial wastewater has been recognized worldwide. However, the effectiveness of the system in treating POME is remain unknown. Therefore, with this background in mind, an anaerobic treatment operated at COD loading rate of 0.4-0.6 kg/m3/day, HRT of 2 hours and input pH of 7.6 was run using a DHS reactor packed with sponge media for the treatment of POME. During the study, the output concentration performances of COD (32-58%), Colour (41-76%), ammoniacal nitrogen (66-92%) and phosphate (54-87%) were recorded. These results indicate comparable performances with the existing biological treatment system. However, it also offered additional credits in-term of fouling and clogging issues, practically as well as lower cost and energy consumption. Thus, it will be great to have a system that is capable to provide a simple technology which is affordable to various industrial scales.
A framework for designing symbiotic simulation decision support systems for horticultural supply chains involving smallholder farmers
Authors: Kusnandar K , Perdana T , Achmad A L H , Hermiatin F R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Horticulture is one of the important components of Indonesia’s economy that come from the agricultural sector. However, many challenges are encountered in the development of horticultural supply chains (HSCs) in Indonesia. One of them is the lack of production planning that suits the market demand. This results in inefficiency, high food losses and price fluctuation. HSCs systems are complex, especially in developing countries like Indonesia in which many smallholders are involved. Concerning this situation, ICT-based approaches have been widely proposed to integrate planning along supply chains. One of the approaches is a symbiotic simulation that enables a close association between the real system and simulation system. Symbiotic simulation is designed to support decision-makers to plan their activities using the real/near real-time data generated by the real systems as the inputs. However, how this system model can be used in HSC systems involving many smallholders is still a question. This paper proposes a framework to design decision support symbiotic simulations for HSC systems involving smallholders. The framework is designed based on the literature study on symbiotic simulation and agricultural supply chains in developing countries. In this framework, four activities in the HSCs are considered: 1) production; 2) post-production; 3) logistics, and 4) market. This framework can be used by farmer organisations or agricultural companies that have partnerships with smallholders to plan their activities along their supply chains.
Physical quality analysis of drying beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) using variations of drying methods
Authors: Telaumbanua A S , Karyadi J N W , Pravitajaty  , Kusumastuti A N I , Ma’Rufah K , Ayuni D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Beluntas leaves are medicinal plants with pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and antibacterial. Drying is one of the processes before the beluntas leaves are consumed. However, drying could degrade the quality of beluntas leaves. This research aims to investigate the impact of drying conditions on the physical qualities of dried beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves with a moisture content of 83-90% were dried using drying methods, namely the greenhouse effect dryer (ERK), cabinet dryer (CD) at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, and freeze dryer (FD) at 35, 45, and 55°C. The physical parameters measured were moisture content, color, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and bulk density. The results showed that the final moisture content of the dried beluntas leaves were 8.40; 4.92-10.70; 4.73-6.77%w.b for ERK, CD, and FD, respectively. Page’s model was suitable for explaining the changes in moisture ratio during the drying process (R
2 = 0.9934 − 0.9999). The freeze-drying method can preserve the leaves’ color and obtain the lowest moisture content with a low drying temperature compared to other methods. Freeze-dried beluntas leaves also exhibited the highest rehydration ratio, which was 2.03 – 2.25.