bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of multidisciplinary meeting case discussion on palliative care referral and end‐of‐life care in lung cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sridharan Krita , Paul Eldho , Stirling Robert G. , Li Chi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary meeting (MDM) discussion and early palliative care are recommended in lung cancer management. The literature is unclear whether MDM discussion leads to early palliative care and improved end‐of‐life care.AimsTo evaluate impacts of discussion at an Australian lung MDM on palliative care referral, and MDM and early palliative care on aggressive end‐of‐life care.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted of 352 patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer from 2017 to 2019 at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. The primary question was whether MDM discussion influenced palliative care referrals. Secondary questions were whether MDM discussion and early palliative care reduced aggressive treatment (chemotherapy, hospitalisation, emergency department visits, intensive care admission and in‐hospital death) during the last 30 days of life. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent association between MDM discussion and palliative care referral.ResultsMDM discussion did not independently impact palliative care referral. There was reduced likelihood of MDM presentation in patients with metastatic disease (P< 0.0001) and poorer performance status (P= 0.025), and higher likelihood of palliative care referral in these patients (bothP< 0.001). MDM discussion reduced end‐of‐life intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with metastatic disease (P= 0.04). A palliative care referral‐to‐death interval of ≥30 days was associated with reduced hospitalisation at the end of life (P< 0.0001) and hospital deaths (P= 0.001).ConclusionDiscussion at lung MDM did not increase palliative care referral, but did reduce ICU admission among metastatic patients at the end of life. Longer palliative care referral‐to‐death interval was associated with reduced aggressive end‐of‐life care. Further research is needed in these areas.
Photoelastic confirmation of surface stress relaxation in silica glasses: Fiber bending and rod torsion
Authors: Hausmann Bronson D. , Aaldenberg Emily M. , Tomozawa Minoru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSilica glass samples were given various heat treatments under stress at low temperatures and subsequently their residual stress distributions in terms of retardance were observed using a polarized light microscope, confirming previously reported fast surface stress relaxation while providing more detailed characterization. Retardance profiles of silica glass fibers heat‐treated under a constant bending strain in the presence of atmospheric water vapor were measured and fit to a previously developed diffusion‐based relaxation model. The retardance of a cross‐section of a silica glass rod heat‐treated at 650°C in lab air under applied torsional shear strain was also measured to confirm the presence of residual surface shear stress which was predicted by the decrease of torque with time for the rod. Together, these results confirm the low‐temperature fast surface stress relaxation which occurs when water vapor is present for both bending and shear stresses.
Attendance at the Interparliamentary Conference on the CFSP/CSDP: Fostering the Emergence of a Parliamentary Epistemic Community in the EU?
Authors: Schade Daniel , Stavridis Stelios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been a gradual consolidation of interparliamentary cooperation over EU foreign and security policies (CFSP/CSDP). This has culminated in the setting up of a dedicated interparliamentary conference (IPC) on the CFSP/CSDP. This paper considers whether IPC gatherings in their current form help foster the creation of a transnational epistemic community of parliamentarians in foreign and security affairs and thereby aid the empowerment of parliamentary actors in the EU. To this end, IPC attendance patterns are analysed. The article finds that attendance at IPCs' diverges between EU parliaments. This and the fact that few parliamentarians choose to participate again reduces the IPC's utility to facilitate regular interparliamentary contacts. The article then explores structural and individual determinants of these patterns. The findings are relevant for the larger literature on parliamentary participation, as well as on interparliamentary cooperation in general.
Prevalence, Related Factors, and Levels of Burnout Among Midwives: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albendín‐García Luis , Suleiman‐Martos Nora , Cañadas‐De la Fuente Guillermo A. , Ramírez‐Baena Lucía , Gómez‐Urquiza José L. , De la Fuente‐Solana Emilia I. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionBurnout refers to a constellation of feelings of exhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment that develops secondary to long‐term occupational stress. Several studies have identified that health care professionals are a high‐risk occupational group for burnout, but knowledge about this syndrome among midwives has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the prevalence and levels of burnout among midwives and analyze the related factors.MethodsThe following databases were searched: CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, SciELO, and Scopus. Any date of publication was acceptable. Literature from different countries was included. Studies were appraised for quality following the recommendations of the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine.ResultsThe literature review identified 27 studies with a total of N = 5612 midwives. The main factors related to burnout were working conditions such as work overload, lack of autonomy, and professional recognition. Midwives who had less than 10 years of experience were more vulnerable to burnout than those who had more than 10 years’ experience. With regard to the subcategories of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and perceived personal achievement), midwives who did not live with a partner were more vulnerable low levels of personal accomplishment when compared with midwives who were living with a partner. The most significant protective factors against burnout were good leadership and the use of continuity models of care.DiscussionMidwives had moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and low levels of personal accomplishment. Working conditions were identified as the main modifiable factors related to burnout syndrome. Intervention programs for midwives should be aimed at reducing emotional exhaustion and enhancing personal accomplishment.
Beyond illegality: Primary healthcare providers' perspectives on elimination of female genital mutilation/cutting.
Authors: Ogunsiji Olayide , Ussher Jane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo report primary healthcare providers' perspectives on elimination of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C).BackgroundEradication of FGM/C by 2030 is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development goals. World Health Organization recognises the unique role of nurses and other primary healthcare providers. However, their voices on the current legislative approach are underreported. These voices are important in informing directions that can expedite achievement of the global goal.DesignQualitative interpretivist phenomenology.MethodsThis qualitative study used purposive sampling approach and involved 19 individual interviews conducted face to face or by telephone with Australian primary healthcare providers. Data collected between October and December 2019 were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Three themes exploring Australian healthcare providers' perspectives on elimination of FGM/C were identified, namely understanding Australian laws against FGM/C; perspectives on culturally sensitive education; and exploring public awareness raising activities in Australia. This study was guided by Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research, the checklist for qualitative studies.Results“Understanding Australian laws against FGM/C” identified participants' knowledge that FGM/C is illegal in Australia and that mandatory reporting applies if a child is or at risk of being taken oversees for the procedure. Through “Perspectives on culturally sensitive education,” the participants argued that education is the key to questioning the practice of FGM/C. “Exploring public awareness‐raising activities in Australia” described the need for collective action germane to FGM/C eradication.ConclusionsThis study emphasised that laws and legislation prohibiting FGM/C need to be complemented with culturally sensitive education and public awareness‐raising activities, to produce optimal outcome for the elimination of FGM/C in Australia.Relevance to clinical practiceVoices of these healthcare providers are crucial for FGM/C to be eradicated. Listening and acting on these voices are important in achieving the global sustainable development goal of eradicating FGM/C.
Identifying the risk factors and incidence of Asherman Syndrome in women with post‐abortion uterine curettage
Authors: Sevinç Fahrünnisa , Oskovi‐Kaplan Z. Asli , Çelen Şevki , Ozturk Atan Deniz , Topçu Hasan Onur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the risk factors and incidence of Asherman Syndrome in women with post‐abortion uterine evacuation and curettage.MethodsA total of 2546 patients who had surgical abortion (uterine evacuation and curettage) before the 20th gestational week with indications of missed abortion, anembryonic pregnancy, incomplete abortion, and elective curettage in a tertiary antenatal care center were recruited. The patients were called and surveyed for their symptoms; including infertility, oligo‐amenorrhea and recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation and abnormal placentation as criteria of Asherman Syndrome. Diagnostic (office) hysteroscopy was performed for 177 who had one of those complaints.ResultsThe incidence of Asherman Syndrome was 1.6% (n = 43/2546). History of ≥3 abortions was the main factor that increased the risk of Asherman Syndrome for by 4.6 times. Use of vacuum aspiration or sharp curettage, premedication for cervical priming, and having a pregnancy >10th gestational weeks were not risk factors for Asherman Syndrome.ConclusionWhen the diagnosis was based on presence of symptoms who underwent uterine instrumentation, the incidence of Asherman Syndrome was found to be 1.6%. Repeated abortions were the main risk factor for Asherman Syndrome and avoiding from repeated uterine instrumentations may have a role in prevention.
Social disparities in obesity treatment for children age 3–10 years: A systematic review
Authors: Lobstein Tim , Neveux Margot , Brown Tamara , Chai Li Kheng , Collins Clare E. , Ells Louisa J. , Nowicka Paulina ,   for the STOP project consortium
Published: January 2021

SummarySocio‐economic status and ethnic background are recognized as predictors of risk for the development of obesity in childhood. The present review assesses the effectiveness of treatment for children according to their socio‐economic and ethnic background. Sixty‐four systematic reviews were included, from which there was difficulty reaching general conclusions on the approaches to treatment suitable for different social subgroups. Eighty‐one primary studies cited in the systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria, of which five directly addressed differential effectiveness of treatment in relation to social disparities, with inconsistent conclusions. From a weak evidence base, it appears that treatment effectiveness may be affected by family‐level factors including attitudes to overweight, understanding of the causes of weight gain and motivation to make and maintain family‐level changes in health behaviours. Interventions should be culturally and socially sensitive, avoid stigma, encourage motivation, recognize barriers and reinforce opportunities and be achievable within the family's time and financial resources. However, the evidence base is remarkably limited, given the significance of social and economic disparities as risk factors. Research funding agencies need to ensure that a focus on social disparities in paediatric obesity treatment is a high priority for future research.
Comparative effectiveness of school‐based interventions targeting physical activity, physical fitness or sedentary behaviour on obesity prevention in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Podnar Hrvoje , Jurić Petra , Karuc Josip , Saez Marc , Barceló Maria A. , Radman Ivan , Starc Gregor , Jurak Gregor , Đurić Saša , Potočnik Žan Luca , Sorić Maroje 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA systematic search of the literature was performed to compare the effects of interventions that targeted sedentary behaviours or physical activity (PA) or physical fitness on primary prevention of obesity in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children. The search identified 146 reports that provided relevant data for meta‐analysis. Point estimates in % body fat were higher for fitness interventions compared with PA interventions (standardized mean difference = −0.11%; 95% CI = −0.26 to 0.04, and −0.04%; 95% CI = −0.15 to 0.06, respectively). Including sedentary behaviour to a PA‐ or fitness‐oriented intervention was not accompanied by an increase in intervention effectiveness, as the point estimates were slightly smaller compared with those for PA‐ or fitness‐only interventions. Overall, the effects tended to be larger in girls than in boys, especially for PA + sedentary behaviour interventions. There was some evidence for inequality, as the effects on body mass index were seen when interventions were delivered in the general population (standardized mean difference = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.07 to −0.02), but not in groups of disadvantaged children (standardized mean difference = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.19). In conclusion, school‐based PA interventions appear to be an effective strategy in the primary prevention of childhood obesity among 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children, but targeting sedentary behaviour in addition to PA or fitness does not increase the effectiveness of the intervention.
Collaborative gaming: When principals and agents agree to game the system
Authors: Pierre Jon , de Fine Licht Jenny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a previously unexplored type of gaming of performance data, collaborative gaming, where the performance measurement system incentivizes the executive and an agency to game collaboratively. The paper shows how overlapping incentives between government departments and agencies to present successful implementation of programs can drive collaboration to modify performance targets and/or performance measurements. The argument is illustrated by two brief case studies of collaboration between the Swedish Department of Employment and the Swedish Public Employment Service in the implementation of labor‐market programs.
Copy number alteration analysis for neuroblastoma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ishii Yuko , Sato‐Otsubo Aiko , Takita Junko , Morio Tomohiro , Takagi Masatoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant tumor derived from the neural crest. MYCN amplification is a well‐known adverse molecular prognostic factor for NB. Genome copy number alterations (CNAs) such as chromosome (Chr) 11q deletion, 1p deletion, and 17q gain are associated with a poor prognosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Southern blotting analysis are frequently used to detect MYCN amplification. Although comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip arrays can easily detect CNAs, these methods are impractical for clinical use due to their cost and run time. Consequently, genome copy number analysis using digital droplet PCR has become widely used to monitor CNAs.MethodsIn this study, we used digital droplet polymerase chain reaction to detect MYCN amplification and Chr 11q CNA, which was used for risk stratification according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification system. We compared the results with data from SNP chip arrays in seven NB cell lines and eight primary NB samples.ResultsDigital droplet PCR assays successfully detected MYCN amplification and 11q CNA. The results were very consistent with those obtained by SNP chip assay.ConclusionsDigital droplet PCR can be conducted more rapidly than FISH or Southern blotting. Accordingly, it should be useful for on‐site clinical applications aimed at detecting CNAs in NB and performing risk stratification promptly after diagnosis.
An experimental animal model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Secondary publication
Authors: Namba Fumihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious complication of preterm delivery and low birthweight infants. The incidence of BPD has not decreased, and there is no effective treatment for the disease. Since the survival rate of premature infants has increased, it has become difficult to obtain pathological tissue samples from BPD death cases. There is also no in vitro experimental system for complex three‐dimensional structures, such as alveolarization and pulmonary angiogenesis; thus, the use of animal models is necessary to elucidate the pathology of BPD and develop new treatments. To date, BPD animal models were being developed by exposing immature animal lungs to various stimuli. In the present review, I summarize BPD animal models that use (i) highly concentrated oxygen, (ii) mechanical ventilation, and (iii) infection/inflammation. In addition, with mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for BPD as an example, I will discuss the expectations for new treatments that would be applied from animal models to humans.
Post‐transplant complications, patient, and graft survival in pediatric and adolescent kidney transplant recipients at a tropical tertiary care center across two immunosuppression eras
Authors: Mohapatra Anjali , Valson Anna T. , Annapandian Vellaichamy M. , David Vinoi George , Alexander Suceena , Jacob Shibu , Kakde Shailesh , Kumar Santosh , Devasia Antony , Vijayakumar Theophilus S. , Tamilarasi Veerasamy , Jacob Chakko Korula , Basu Gopal , John George Tharayil , Varughese Santosh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe report pediatric PAKT patient and graft outcomes at a large tropical tertiary center spanning two transplant eras.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all children ≤18 years who underwent kidney transplantation at our center between 1991 and 2016 were included. Data pertaining to their baseline characteristics, post‐transplant events, and outcome were retrieved from transplant records and compared between transplant eras (1991‐2005 and 2006‐2016).ResultsA total of 139 children (mean age 15.2 ± 2.9 years) underwent PAKT during this period. The incidence of UTIs, CMV disease, BKVN, invasive fungal infections, new‐onset diabetes after transplant, leucopenia, and recurrent NKD was higher in the 2006‐2016 era (P < .001 for all), while 1‐year cumulative BPAR was comparable (P = .100). Five‐year graft and patient survival in the two eras were 89.9% and 94.2% (P = .365) and 92.1% and 95.3% (P = .739), respectively. Incidence of CMV disease, BKVN, graft loss, and death was lower in the calcineurin withdrawal group. Non‐adherence accounted for 36% of graft loss; infections caused 43.7% of deaths. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, independent predictors for graft loss were UTIs and blood transfusion naïve status and for death were serious infections and glomerular NKD.ConclusionsPAKT in India has excellent long‐term graft outcomes, though patient outcomes remain suboptimal owing to a high burden of infections. Current immunosuppression protocols need to be re‐examined to balance infection risk, graft, and patient survival.
Navigating Complexity in a Global Pandemic: The Effects of COVID‐19 on Children and Young People with Disability and Their Families in Australia
Authors: Yates Sophie , Dickinson Helen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) does not discriminate against particular groups, our social structures and systems mean some people are more at risk in a pandemic context—from both the disease and the social and policy responses to the pandemic. This is particularly so for people with disability, in part because they often have poorer health outcomes from underlying conditions but also due to discrimination and social exclusion. Here, we draw from a survey about the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Australian children and young people with disability and their families. Respondents faced a range of inequities prior to the pandemic, and COVID‐19 has further exposed and often exacerbated them. We conclude that recent developments in the Australian disability context to personalize services have arguably made people with disability and their families less safe within a pandemic context, and we outline some ways in which these issues might be addressed.
How important is GVC participation to export upgrading?*
Authors: Ndubuisi Gideon , Owusu Solomon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExporting higher quality and complex products is deemed pathway to economic growth and development. However, producing such products is knowledge‐intensive and requires quality intermediate inputs and advanced technologies. Integration into global trade networks is increasingly argued to be among the pathways to obtain such inputs and technologies, although not all countries may benefit equally from such integration. This paper builds on these arguments and investigates how participation in the global value chain (GVC) affects the quality of exported products. Using a highly disaggregated product‐level export data from 122 countries, we find that participation in (backward and forward) GVC impacts positively on the quality of exported products and brings the quality level closer to the quality frontier. While this result persists in the sub‐sample comprising developed countries, developing countries only benefit from backward GVC participation. Overall, the results indicate that GVC participation matters to export upgrading but points to a potential heterogeneity on the channel of impact across countries at different levels of development.