bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Case Series Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Rezkallah Emad , Elsaify Andrew , Elsaify Wael M. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuro-endocrine tumor that arises from the C-cells of the thyroid. About 20- 25 % of MTC cases may be associated with hereditary syndromes like MEN 2A, MEN 2B and Familial MTC. The survival rate is related mainly to the age of the patient, stage of the disease and completion of the surgical resection.
Methods: Retrospective review of 11 patients who were diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer in our general surgery department during the period from 2011 to 2021. All patients had preoperative assessment including history taking, clinical examination, tumor marker (calcitonin and CEA), thyroid function testing, ultrasonography and FNAC. All patients underwent genetic assessment to exclude any underlying genetic mutation.
Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 57.73 ± 16.45 years of age. Three patients were males and eight were females. All patients had total thyroidectomy, central and lateral neck dissection except one patient who had prophylactic thyroidectomy due to familial inherited RET mutation. Two patients had recurrence; both of them had high-stage tumor (T3 and T4) with multiple cervical lymph nodes metastasis. The sensitivity of serum calcitonin for the detection of MTC was about 98%. Patients, who had localized disease and underwent complete surgical resection, had good overall survival rates compared with patients with advanced disease.
Conclusion: MTC represent a heterogeneous group of thyroid cancers. The overall survival is better than that of undifferentiated thyroid cancers. Complete resection of the thyroid tumor and any local or regional metastases provides the only cure for patients with MTC. Further researches are still needed to improve our understanding and management of MTC.
Protease Responsive Nanogels for Transcytosis across the Blood−Brain Barrier and Intracellular Delivery of Radiopharmaceuticals to Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Singh Smriti , Drude Natascha , Blank Lena , Desai Prachi Bharat , Königs Hiltrud , Rütten Stephan , Langen Karl‐Josef , Möller Martin , Mottaghy Felix M. , Morgenroth Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite profound advances in treatment approaches, gliomas remain associated with very poor prognoses. The residual cells after incomplete resection often migrate and proliferate giving a seed for highly resistant gliomas. The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is often strongly limited by their poor selectivity and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the development of therapeutic carrier systems for efficient transport across the BBB and selective delivery to tumor cells remains one of the most complex problems facing molecular medicine and nano‐biotechnology. To address this challenge, a stimuli sensitive nanogel is synthesized using pre‐polymer approach for the effective delivery of nano‐irradiation. The nanogels are cross‐linked via matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2,9) substrate and armed with Auger electron emitting drug 5‐[125I]Iodo‐4”‐thio‐2”‐deoxyuridine ([125I]ITdU) which after release can be incorporated into the DNA of tumor cells. Functionalization with diphtheria toxin receptor ligand allows nanogel transcytosis across the BBB at tumor site. Functionalized nanogels efficiently and increasingly explore transcytosis via BBB co‐cultured with glioblastoma cells. The subsequent nanogel degradation correlates with up‐regulated MMP2/9. Released [125I]ITdU follows the thymidine salvage pathway ending in its incorporation into the DNA of tumor cells. With this concept, a highly efficient strategy for intracellular delivery of radiopharmaceuticals across the challenging BBB is presented.
The potential interplay between the glandular microbiome and scent marking behavior in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae)
Authors: Bowen Malique , Miles Carly , Hegseth Ryan , Anderson Clayton M. , Brandon Christopher S. , Langford Melanie L. , Wolovich Christy K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn mammals, scent marking behavior is a pervasive form of chemical communication that regulates social interactions within and between groups. Glandular microbiota consist of bacterial communities capable of producing chemical cues used in olfactory communication. Despite countless studies on scent marking in primates, few have examined the microbiota associated with glandular secretions. Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) are nocturnal, socially monogamous primates that frequently scent mark using their subcaudal glands. Previous analyses revealed that unique chemical signatures of Aotus may convey information about sex and age. We used positive reinforcement to sample the subcaudal glands of 23 captive owl monkeys to describe their glandular microbiomes and examine how patterns in these bacterial communities vary with age, sex, rearing environment and/or social group (pair identity). We coupled these analyses with behavioral observations to examine patterns in their scent marking behavior. We isolated 31 bacterial species from Phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, consistent with the dermal and glandular microbiomes of other primates. Several bacterial taxa we identified produce volatile organic compounds, which may contribute to olfactory communication. These bacterial communities are best predicted by an interaction between sex, rearing environment and pair identity rather than any of these variables alone. Within mated pairs of A. nancymaae, males and females scent mark their nest boxes at similar frequencies. In some pairs, rates of scent marking by males and females fluctuated over time in a similar manner. Pairs that had been together longer tended to exhibit the greatest similarities in their rates of scent marking. Together, these findings suggest that scent marking behavior and close social interactions with pair mates in Aotus may influence bacterial transmission and their glandular microbiomes. Chemical communication, including coordinated scent marking, may play a role in strengthening pair bonds, signaling pair status and/or in mate guarding in this socially monogamous primate.
Versatile Synthesis of Hollow Metal Sulfides via Reverse Cation Exchange Reactions for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zeng Ruijin , Lian Kangkang , Su Bo , Lu Liling , Lin Jingwen , Tang Dianping , Lin Sen , Wang Xinchen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, we explore a general Cu2−xS nanocube template‐assisted and reverse cation exchange‐mediated growth strategy for fabricating hollow multinary metal sulfide. Unlike the traditional cation exchange method controlled by the metal sulfide constant, the introduction of tri‐n‐butylphosphine (TBP) can reverse cation exchange to give a series of hollow metal sulfides. A variety of hollow multinary metal sulfide cubic nanostructures has been demonstrated while preserving anisotropic shapes to the as‐synthesized templates, including binary compounds (CdS, ZnS, Ag2S, PbS, SnS), ternary compound (CuInS2, ZnxCd1−xS), and quaternary compound (single‐atom platinum anchored ZnxCd1−xS; ZnxCd1−xS‐Pt1). Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the hollow metal sulfide semiconductors obtained could significantly improve the separation and migration of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Owing to the efficient charge transfer, the ZnxCd1−xS‐Pt1 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic performance of CO2 to CO, with the highest CO generation rate of 75.31 μmol h−1.
Unraveling Hydrocarbon Pool Boosted Propane Aromatization on Gallium/ZSM‐5 Zeolite by Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Xingling , Hu Min , Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Li Shenhui , Xu Jun , Deng Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPropane aromatization on metal‐modified zeolites provides a promising route to produce valuable chemicals such as benzene, toluene and xylene via non‐petroleum feedstocks. The mechanistic understanding of propane conversion to aromatics is still challenging due to the complexity of the aromatization process. Herein, by using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and GC‐MS, it is shown that cyclopentenyl cations are formed as active intermediates during propane aromatization on Ga/ZSM‐5 zeolite. Autocatalysis of propane to aromatics is identified in the induction period. The cyclopentenyl cations serve as key hydrocarbon pool species to co‐catalyze propane conversion and promote aromatics formation, revealing a dominant hydrocarbon pool process in propane aromatization.
Organic–Inorganic Hybridization Engineering of Polyperylenediimide Cathodes for Efficient Potassium Storage
Authors: Han Pinyu , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Yamin , Wang Yuyan , Qin Guohui , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyperylenediimide (PDI) is always subject to its modest conductivities, limited reversible active sites and inferior stability for potassium storage. To address these issues, herein, we firstly propose an organic–inorganic hybrid (PDI@Fe‐Sn@N‐Ti3C2Tx), where Fe/Sn single atoms are bound to the N‐doped MXenes (N‐Ti3C2Tx) via the unsaturated Fe/Sn–N3 bonds, and functionalized with PDI via d–π hybridization, forming a high conjugated δ skeleton. The resulted hybrid cathode endowed with enhanced electronic/ionic conductivities, lowered dissociation barriers of multiple redox centers and a stable cathode electrolyte interphase layer displays a 14‐electron involved high‐rate capacities and long cycle life. Moreover, it shows competitive performance in full cells even under different folding states and low operating temperatures.
Experimental investigation of Zhundong high‐calcium coal ash adhesion characteristics on metal surfaces at high temperatures
Authors: Liu Zhongyi , Jin Jing , Zheng Liangqian , Yang Haoran , He Xiang , Zhai Zhongyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, the influence of ash adhesion characteristics on the slagging of Zhundong high‐calcium coal (ZDc) has been firstly investigated via a self‐designed measuring instrument. The results demonstrate that the early appearance and rapid growth in adhesion strength of ZDc ash are the important reasons for its serious slagging in the furnace, and the temperature plays an important role on the adhesion between ZDc ash and metal. From 800°C to 1000°C, the adhesion strength of ZDc gradually increases from 1.858 to 21.725 kPa. Meanwhile, the adhesion strength could increase rapidly due to the production of more liquid phase when the temperature exceeds 1000°C, and the adhesion strength is 184.933 at 1200°C. The calculation results via FactSage software also indicates that molten sulfate is the main component of liquid‐phase ash and the enhancement of the CaO content contributes to promote the low‐temperature eutectic of gehlenite, etc., thereby enhances the strengthen of the adhesion.
Novel monomers with N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine segments and their application in structured porous materials for arsenic capture
Authors: Caretti Daniele , Binda Lorenzo , Casis Natalia , Estenoz Diana A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine moieties exhibit high ability and selectivity toward arsenate ions in water by a complexation mechanism that involves their hydroxyl groups. In this work, the syntheses of two monomers containing N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine, namely 4‐vinylbenzyl‐N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (VbNMDG), and N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine methacrylamide (MNMDG) were studied. Different synthetic routes were considered in order to obtain liquid monomers able to polymerize and selectively capture arsenic. Furthermore, the incorporation of protective groups like trimethylsilyl moieties in the molecular structure was assessed to prevent transfer reactions during further polymerization. After polymerization, hydroxyl groups were deprotected using hydrofluoric acid. Following this methodology, structured microporous polymeric films based on colloidal crystal templates were prepared. NMR and FTIR techniques were used to follow the reactions and to determine the chemical structure of the obtained products. The morphology of materials was characterized by SEM. The performances of the developed polymeric films to selectively capture arsenic were determined. Films showed an improved and reproducible sensitivity to arsenic detection exhibiting high values of arsenic capturing capability (around 90%).
Investigating the effects of flexor tendon shortening on active range of motion after finger tendon repair
Authors: Tigue James A. , Rockwell W. Bradford , Foreman K. Bo , Mascaro Stephen A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvaluation of surgical effects is often done using simple cadaver experimentation. This study uses a robotic testbed to estimate the best‐case clinical outcomes of flexor tendon shortening during repair surgery on cadaver hands. Nine fresh‐frozen cadaver subjects were connected to an extrinsic index finger robotic muscle testbed and measurement system. The flexor digitorum profundus tendons were severed and surgically repaired at different shortening levels. The index finger's extrinsic tendons were robotically actuated using Hill‐type muscle models to emulate the muscle force‐length relationships. Extensor muscles were then activated to estimate the active range of motion (ROM) of the all‐finger joints after surgery. The effects of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint extension limits and extensor muscle activation were also investigated. The resulting interphalangeal joint ROM was clinically graded. Active ROM of the finger decreases as tendon shortening increases (), like passive ROM. This results in a clinical reduction of functionality grade from excellent to good at 10 mm of shortening. Blocking MCP joint ROM and extensor activation also showed significant effects on recovered ROM ( and 0.86). Significant two‐way interactions were also observed between shortening and MCP joint blocking () and between shortening and extensor activation (). Results support clinical recommendations of limiting shortening to 10 mm. While this article provides additional experimental evidence for current surgical recommendations, it also validates a new robotic‐cadaver methodology for predicting active hand recovery in terms of clinical measurements.
Composite Cathodes with Succinonitrile‐Based Ionic Conductors for Long‐Cycle‐Life Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xin Chengzhou , Wen Kaihua , Xue Chuanjiao , Wang Shuo , Liang Ying , Wu Xinbin , Li Liangliang , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoor interfacial contacts between cathode active materials and solid‐state electrolytes in solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries often lead to a poor Li‐ion conductive pathway, and thus a short cycle life and a low energy density. In this work, we synthesized succinonitrile (SCN)‐based ionic conductors (ICs) with different flowability at room temperature for using in the composite cathodes and investigated the effect of the ICs on the cycle performance of the solid‐state Li metal batteries with a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based polymer electrolyte separator. Our results showed that the gel‐like SCN‐LiClO4 IC was superior to the flowable SCN‐LiTFSI [lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] IC and the rigid SCN‐LiClO4 IC. The gel‐like IC can build an effective Li‐ion conduction path in the cathodes, establish a stable cathode/electrolyte interface with a small interfacial resistance change during cycling, and allow a high mass loading of active materials, which enables a long cycle life and high energy density of solid‐state batteries.
The enigmatic Placozoa part 2: Exploring evolutionary controversies and promising questions on earth and in space
Authors: Schierwater Bernd , Osigus Hans‐Jürgen , Bergmann Tjard , Blackstone Neil W. , Hadrys Heike , Hauslage Jens , Humbert Patrick O. , Kamm Kai , Kvansakul Marc , Wysocki Kathrin , DeSalle Rob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens has been bridging gaps between research disciplines like no other animal. As outlined in part 1, placozoans have been subject of hot evolutionary debates and placozoans have challenged some fundamental evolutionary concepts. Here in part 2 we discuss the exceptional genetics of the phylum Placozoa and point out some challenging model system applications for the best known species, Trichoplax adhaerens.
Perception and Abolition of Corporal Punishment among a Sample of Respondents in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Fakunmoju Sunday B. 
Published: September 2021

Corporal punishment remains the default method for disciplining children in many countries. Advocates for its ban highlight psychological effects, risks for physical abuse, and violation of children's right against harm. Opponents of its ban affirm its efficacy in raising children and consider legal banning as encroachment on religious rights and freedom. Only 59 countries have banned corporal punishment. However, little is known about factors associated with support for the ban in countries where corporal punishment is legal and used in multiple settings. Using a convenience sample of 187 respondents in three southwest regions, this study examined perceptions of corporal punishment and support for its abolition in Nigeria. Results suggested that the majority (n = 123, 65.8%) agreed that corporal punishment is necessary in raising children; slightly more than half (n = 106, 56.7%) did not support its ban. Being female, a strong perception of long‐term negative effects of corporal punishment, and lack of support for its necessity were associated with support for the ban. Findings suggest that underlining the negative effects of corporal punishment, changing its perceived necessity, and involving women in advocacy against its use might increase support for the ban. The implications of findings for pro‐spanking attitudes and ban of corporal punishment are discussed.‘This study examined perceptions of corporal punishment and support for its abolition in Nigeria’Key Practitioner Messages

Advocacy for abolition of corporal punishment will be effective when underlying perceptions and attitudes supportive of its use are gained.
Underlying knowledge of how corporal punishment is used will reinforce practical steps that will expedite its legal ban.
Practitioners and advocates for child protection should share knowledge about negative effects of corporal punishment and demystify perception of its necessity to gain widespread support for its ban.
Synthesis of Silylated Cyclobutanone and Cyclobutene Derivatives Involving 1,4‐Addition of Zinc‐Based Silicon Nucleophiles
Authors: Cui Ming , Oestreich Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed conjugate silylation of various cyclobutenone derivatives with Me2PhSiZnCl ⋅ 2LiCl or (Me2PhSi)2Zn ⋅ xLiCl (x≤4) to generate β‐silylated cyclobutanones is reported. Trapping the intermediate enolate with ClP(O)(OPh)2 affords silylated enol phosphates that can be further engaged in Kumada cross‐coupling reactions to yield silylated cyclobutene derivatives.
Divergent Synthesis of Molecular Winch Prototypes
Authors: Gisbert Yohan , Abid Seifallah , Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of conceptually new prototypes of molecular winches with the ultimate aim to investigate the work performed by a single ruthenium‐based molecular motor anchored on a surface by probing its ability to pull a load upon electrically‐driven directional rotation. According to a technomimetic design, the motor was embedded in a winch structure, with a long flexible polyethylene glycol chain terminated by an azide hook to connect a variety of molecular loads. The structure of the motor was first derivatized by means of two sequential cross‐coupling reactions involving a penta(4‐halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) precursor and the resulting benzylamine derivative was next exploited as key intermediate in the divergent synthesis of a family of nanowinch prototypes. A one‐pot method involving sequential peptide coupling and Cu‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition was developed to yield four loaded nanowinches, with load fragments encompassing triptycene, fullerene and porphyrin moieties.
Patient‐specific computational modeling of endovascular aneurysm repair: State of the art and future directions
Authors: Avril Stéphane , Gee Michael W. , Hemmler André , Rugonyi Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the preferred intervention option for aortic aneurysms and dissections. This is because EVAR is much less invasive than the alternative open surgery repair. While in‐hospital mortality rates are smaller for EVAR than open repair (1%–2% vs. 3%–5%), the early benefits of EVAR are lost after 3 years due to larger rates of complications in the EVAR group. Clinicians follow instructions for use (IFU) when possible, but are left with personal experience on how to best proceed and what choices to make with respect to stent‐graft (SG) model choice, sizing, procedural options, and their implications on long‐term outcomes. Computational modeling of SG deployment in EVAR and tissue remodeling after intervention offers an alternative way of testing SG designs in silico, in a personalized way before intervention, to ultimately select the strategies leading to better outcomes. Further, computational modeling can be used in the optimal design of SGs in cases of complex geometries. In this review, we address some of the difficulties and successes associated with computational modeling of EVAR procedures. There is still work to be done in all areas of EVAR in silico modeling, including model validation, before models can be applied in the clinic, but much progress has already been made. Critical to clinical implementation are current efforts focusing on developing fast algorithms that can achieve (near) real‐time solutions, as well as ways of dealing with inherent uncertainties related to patient aortic wall degradation on an individualized basis. We are optimistic that EVAR modeling in the clinic will soon become a reality to help clinicians optimize EVAR interventions and ultimately reduce EVAR‐associated complications.
Multi‐objective lion optimization for energy‐efficient multi‐path routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Singh Omkar , Rishiwal Vinay , Yadav Mano 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is a collection of sensor nodes with a base station for data transmission. Mostly the network has various paths with the unbalanced nodes; therefore, energy consumption is always high. This causes the letdown of quality of service (QoS) routing metrics such as delay, inefficient throughput in WSNs. This paper concentrates on this problem and proposes an energy‐efficient multipath routing (EEMR) protocol for WSNs. EEMR protocol computes the optimal path using the multi‐objective lion optimization algorithm with less energy consumption. The main aim of EEMR protocol is to achieve an efficient path among multiple paths to satisfy quality requirements such as delay, throughput, energy consumption, delivery ratio, loss ratio, and latency. Thus, the proposed EEMR protocol is designed with a multi‐objective function using an optimization algorithm and implemented in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed protocol is very efficient in comparison to state of the art.