bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transition from the female-like great calls to male calls during ontogeny in southern yellow-cheeked gibbon males (Nomascus gabriellae)
Authors: Hradec Michal , Illmann Gudrun , Bartoš Luděk , Bolechová Petra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is well known that gibbons emit a pattern of vocalizations, which is specific for species and sex. A previous study showed, however, that immature southern yellow-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae) males produce only female-like great calls from 2.3 to 5.3 years of age in co-singing interactions with their mothers. To date, nothing is known about how the vocal repertoire of a male changes from the female-like call (great call) to the male call (staccato notes and multi-modulation phrase) during vocal ontogeny. The goal of this study was to describe the transition from the female-like great call to the male call and the ontogeny of the male call. We predicted that the transition from the female-like great call to the male-specific call and the development of the male call is a normal part of the aging proces. If this is the case, the following phenomena will occur: (a) female vocalization should no longer be produced with the mature form of the multi-modulation phrase and (b) all stages of the male vocalization should occur gradually as the young male ages. Young males regularly emit both female-like great calls and male-specific calls between the ages of 5.6 to 7.1 years. Once the young males reached 7.1 years of age, they emitted male calls exclusively, and they continued to do so until the end of the observation period (at 8.11 years of age). It was confirmed that the young males emitted only female-like great calls during periods when they produced non-mature forms of a multi-modulation phrase (Fm0,1—none or one frequency modulation in second notes). Furhermore, the decrease in the number of female-like great calls was attributed to the development of the mature form of the multi-modulation phrase (Fm2—two or more frequency modulation in second notes), which developed with age. We also confirmed that the multi-modulation phrase developed gradually, while the development of the staccato notes occurred in leaps. A multi-modulation phrase developed as the initial part of the male-specific call. It was evolved from a simpler to a more complex form as the maximum frequency and age of the young males increased. Staccato notes subsequently developed in certain young males. Possible explanations for such vocal ontogeny in young males are discussed in this work.
Exposing structural variations in SARS-CoV-2 evolution
Authors: Yang Jiaan , Zhang Peng , Cheng Wen Xiang , Lu Youyong , Gang Wu , Ren Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mutation of SARS-CoV-2 influences viral function as residue replacements affect both physiochemical properties and folding conformations. Although a large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 is available, the investigation of how viral functions change in response to mutations is hampered by a lack of effective structural analysis. Here, we exploit the advances of protein structure fingerprint technology to study the folding conformational changes induced by mutations. With integration of both protein sequences and folding conformations, the structures are aligned for SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2, including Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta variant (lineage B.1.617.2). The results showed that the virus evolution with change in mutational positions and physicochemical properties increased the affinity between spike protein and ACE2, which plays a critical role in coronavirus entry into human cells. Additionally, these structural variations impact vaccine effectiveness and drug function over the course of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. The analysis of structural variations revealed how the coronavirus has gradually evolved in both structure and function and how the SARS-CoV-2 variants have contributed to more severe acute disease worldwide.
Exposure of infants to organochlorine pesticides from breast milk consumption in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Seblework , Ambelu Argaw , Wondafrash Mekitie , Kolsteren Patrick , Spanoghe Pieter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreast milk is often used as an environmental bioindicator since it serves as an important medium to accumulate organochlorine pesticides. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk collected from three districts of southwestern Ethiopia (Asendabo, Deneba, and Serbo) at three times points baselines (1st month), midline ( six months), and end line (12 months) and risk of infants’ exposure. A longitudinal study was conducted to assess pesticide residues in human breast milk samples and evaluate the risk-exposure of infants to these pesticides from consumption of mother’s milk in Ethiopia. Breast milk samples were collected from 168 mothers at three time points and pesticides were extracted using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The level of pesticide residues in human milk samples and exposure of infants to the pesticides was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake and compared with the provisional tolerable daily intake of the pesticides under study. The results indicated that, from the eight organochlorine pesticides analyzed in 447 breast milk samples at three sampling times, DDT and its metabolites were detected. p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT were detected in all (100%) of the breast milk samples while, p,p-DDD, and o,p-DDT were detected in 53.9%, and 42.7%, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT at three time points(baseline, midline and endline) were 2.25, 1.68 and 1.32 µg/g milk fat, respectively. The mean concentration of total DDT from the three districts was 1.85 µg/g milk fat which is above the maximum residue limit (MRL = 0.02 µg/g milk fat set by FAO/WHO). The mean ratio of DDT/DDE for the three areas was calculated less than five (< 5) indicates historical DDT use in the study area. The estimated daily intake of infants at the first month of breastfeeding was 11.24 µg/kg-BW/day, above the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for total DDT set by FAO/WHO, which is 10 µg/kg body weight. An intake of OCPs is a big concern for infants' health in Ethiopia and countries with a similar condition, particularly at the first month of lactation. Strict regulations of the health-threatening pesticide by the regulatory body (Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission) at the country and regional levels is advocated.
Combined wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography density map for high myopic glaucoma detection
Authors: Kim Yu Jeong , Na Kyeong Ik , Lim Han Woong , Seong Mincheol , Lee Won June 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) density map for detection of glaucomatous damage in high myopic (HM) eyes and to further compare the diagnostic ability of OCTA with that of conventional imaging approaches including red-free photography and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) wide-field maps. A total of 77 healthy HM eyes and 72 HM eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) participated in this retrospective observational study. Patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, including wide-field SS-OCT scan and peripapillary area and macular OCTA scans. An integrated OCTA density map thereafter was merged by vascular landmark-guided superimposition of peripapillary and macular superficial vascular density maps onto the red-free photography (resulting in the OCTA-PanoMap). Glaucoma specialists then determined the presence of glaucomatous damage in HM eyes by reading the OCTA-PanoMap and compared its sensitivity and specificity with those of conventional images. Sensitivity and specificity of OCTA-PanoMap for HM-OAG diagnosis was 94.4% and 96.1%, respectively. Compared with other imaging methods, the sensitivity of OCTA-PanoMap was significantly higher than that of red-free photography (P = 0.022) and comparable to that of wide-field SS-OCT maps. Specificity of OCTA-PanoMap was significantly higher than those of other conventional imaging methods (except for wide-field thickness map). The OCTA-PanoMap showed good diagnostic ability for discrimination of HM-OAG eyes from healthy HM eyes. As a complementary method of an alternative imaging modality, OCTA-PanoMap can be a useful tool for detection of HM-OAG.
Reduction of acetylcholine in the hippocampus of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein knockout mice
Authors: Kondo-Takuma Yuko , Mizuno Masayuki , Tsuda Yo , Madokoro Yuta , Suzuki Kengo , Sato Toyohiro , Takase Hiroshi , Uchida Yuto , Adachi Ken-ichi , Hida Hideki , Borlongan Cesario V. , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory processes. This cholinergic projection can generate theta oscillations in the hippocampus to encode novel information. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), which induces acetylcholine (Ach) synthesis in the medial septal nuclei of an explant culture system, was purified from the soluble fraction of postnatal rat hippocampus. HCNP is processed from the N-terminal region of a 186-amino acid, 21-kDa HCNP precursor protein, also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1. Here, we confirmed direct reduction of Ach release in the hippocampus of freely moving HCNP-pp knockout mice under an arousal state by the microdialysis method. The levels of vesicular acetylcholine transporter were also decreased in the hippocampus of these mice in comparison with those in control mice, suggesting there was decreased incorporation of Ach into the synaptic vesicle. These results potently indicate that HCNP may be a cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network.
Identification for antitumor effects of tramadol in a xenograft mouse model using orthotopic breast cancer cells
Authors: Kim Myoung Hwa , Lee Jeong-Rim , Kim Ki-Joon , Jun Ji Hae , Hwang Hye Jeong , Lee Wootaek , Nam Seung Hyun , Oh Ju Eun , Yoo Young Chul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn our previous research showed that tramadol having potential anti-tumor effect was associated with enhancement of oncological prognosis in patients with breast cancer surgery. As these effects have not been confirmed by clinical dose-regulated animal or prospective human studies, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of tramadol in vivo. Female nude mice orthotopically inoculated with luciferase-expressing MCF-7 cells, were randomly divided into the control (saline), tramadol group 1 (1.5 mg kg−1 day−1), tramadol group 2 (3 mg kg−1 day−1), and morphine (0.5 mg kg−1 day−1) (n = 5/group). Bioluminescence signals after D-luciferin injection, tumor size, and tumor weight were compared among groups after 4 weeks. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1 expression, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and serum interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-6 were then examined. Tumour growth was attenuated in tramadol-treated groups (P < 0.05). NK cell activity was significantly decreased only in the morphine treated group not in sham, control, and tramadol groups. The expression levels of ERα, PRα and β, and TRPV1 were decreased in tramadol group 2 compared with those in the morphine group, but not compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNFα were reduced in both tramadol-treated group 1 and 2 compared to the control group. Overall, clinical dose of tramadol has anti-tumour effects on MCF-7 cell-derived breast cancer in a xenograft mouse model.
An insight into the botanical origins of propolis from permanent preservation and reforestation areas of southern Brazil
Authors: Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori Alan , Papa Spada Fernanda , Pena Ribeiro Victor , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Ikegaki Masaharu , Kenupp Bastos Jairo , de Alencar Severino Matias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrown propolis from permanent preservation and reforestation areas of southern Brazil have attracted international commercial interest and have a unique composition, although little is known about their botanical origins, which are the plant resins used by bee foragers to produce propolis. Hence, the volatile profiles of organic and non-organic brown propolis and resins of suspected botanical origins—Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus elliott and Pinus taeda—were determined using static headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SHS-GCMS) and compared. Nighty nine volatiles were tentatively identified, and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the most abundant classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed similarity between organic propolis and A. angustifolia volatile profiles (p < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed singularities among propolis, even between propolis produced 1 km away from each other. Heatmaps were used to identify peaks present in similar relative intensities in both propolis and conifer resins. Hence, the approach using volatile profiles shed light to propolis botanical origins, which is important for authentication and traceability purposes.
Pan-cancer analysis of N4-acetylcytidine adaptor THUMPD1 as a predictor for prognosis and immunotherapy
Authors: Li Kuangxun , Liu Junzhe , Yang Xinyu , Tu Zewei , Huang Kai , Zhu Xingen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: THUMPD1 is a specific RNA adaptor that assists acetylation of mRNA and production of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C). However, it remains unclear whether THUMPD1 plays a part in tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we analyzed the expression profiles and prognostic value of THUMPD1 in pan-cancer and gained insights into the correlation between THUMPD1 expression level and immunotherapy efficacy.
Methods: Gene expression pattern and its correlation with prognosis, immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer were obtained from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, with Kaplan–Meier method and Spearman correlation analysis used. Western blotting and immunofluorescence on clinical samples were performed to validate our database-derived results. Correlation between THUMPD1 expression level and immunotherapy responses was also explored, based on clinical cohorts receiving programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) antibody therapy. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to show the possible tumorigenic mechanism.
Results: THUMPD1 was highly expressed in most cancer types, and this elevated expression indicated poor or improved prognosis for different cancers. In kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), patients with higher THUMPD1 expression exhibited a better prognosis, while liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients had worse prognosis. Besides, THUMPD1 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoints and neoantigen in many cancer types. Further, more clinical advantages and therapeutic responses were observed in patients with high THUMPD1 expression.
Conclusions: THUMPD1 may serve as a novel predictor to evaluate cancer prognosis and immune therapy efficacy in diverse cancer types.
Motherhood in the Academy: A Qualitative Study of Experiences in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Stead Amanda , Mandulak Kerry Callahan , Wong Sami , Dirks Kyla , Dolata Jill 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Research has repeatedly shown that having children negatively affects the early academic careers of women. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate whether this well-established negative impact in “science, technology, engineering, and math” applies to the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) as well as to examine what solutions or supports would ensure their retention and success.

Method:
A national survey of 84 academic mothers in CSD was conducted to capture their experiences. An inductive, qualitative approach to the analysis of the survey transcripts was implemented to distinctly understand the participants' views and experiences of the interaction of motherhood and their academic careers. Qualitative research methods were used to provide a systematic way to explore complicated subjects that cannot be isolated from their contexts.

Results:

Analyses of the survey data revealed five major themes, including
Balance, Expectations, Support, Solutions,
and
Fertility
. Results of the survey indicate that academic mothers broadly feel as though they are being asked to choose which aspect of their lives they care about more (career or family). They also indicated that simple solutions, many of which have been implemented at various academic institutions, would alleviate many of their barriers to success and well-being.

Conclusions:
The findings of this exploratory study emphasize alignment with national data detailing the barriers academic mothers face within the academy within the discipline of CSD. Implications for change include developing supportive cultures around families, support with child care financials and logistics, autonomy around scheduling, and flexible positions.
Analysis, prevention, and feasibility assessment of stealthy ageing attacks on dynamical systems
Authors: Escudero Cédric , Massioni Paolo , Zamaï Eric , Raison Bertrand 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article provides control theory methods to analyse, prevent, and assess the feasibility of stealthy ageing attacks on controlled physical systems, modelled as dynamical systems. This new type of attacks leads to premature failures of the physical system by accelerating its ageing and remains stealthy by maintaining the system outputs as in the attack‐free case. An attacker with restrained capabilities is considered: it can only corrupt the control signals transmitted to the dynamical system. This article provides set‐theoretic methods to analyse and prevent these attacks by restraining the control signals in amplitude, whether the system is stable or not. The proposed methods consist in solving optimisation problems under Linear Matrix Inequality constraints. Then, a method based on linear programming is proposed to assess the feasibility of such attacks by finding the optimal attack control signals. At the end of this article, the methods are applied on two application examples to show their relevances: a thin film manufacturing and a satellite reorientation manoeuvre.
Temperature estimation of water cooling stator windings considering twisted structure and resistance distribution
Authors: Bian Xu , Zhao Yan , Liang Yanping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe twisted structure of strand is ignored and the resistance of all parallel copper strands is assumed to be at the same temperature in existing temperature estimation method of water cooling stator windings. However, the twisted structure leads to the changing of thermal source and cooling structure, the uneven thermal distribution of parallel copper strands leads to uneven resistance distribution, both of which will influence thermal distribution of stator windings and should be considered in the temperature estimation method. In this study, the temperature estimation method considering twisted structure and uneven resistance distribution is first proposed, called three‐dimensional (3‐D) network method, in which the nodes of circuit network and thermal network are completely consistent. Then, the water cooling stator winding of a 1240‐MW turbo generator is taken as an example, the thermal distribution of which are calculated by the proposed method and validated by both short‐circuit type test data and 3‐D finite element method (FEM). Finally, the influence of twisted structure and resistance distribution on the thermal distribution is analysed in detail. The results show that the twisted structure has a great effect on thermal distribution, which cannot be ignored, while the resistance distribution has little effect on thermal distribution.
Halogens—‘Letting go’ of the ‘Ex Factor’
Authors: Acharya Anit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDe halogenen behoren op grond van hun positie in het periodiek systeem tot Groep VIIA. Dit betekent dat zij zeven valentie-elektronen hebben en een extra elektron nodig hebben om het octet te completeren, hetgeen wijst op hun snelle reactieve vermogen. Het kernthema van de halogenen is het gevoel verraden of gekwetst te zijn. Om met dergelijke gevoelens om te gaan, klampen zij zich vast aan de mensen om hen heen. Om te voorkomen dat de relatie wordt verbroken, grijpen zij naar dingen waarnaar zij verlangen en proberen zij te vluchten om de afwijzing niet onder ogen te hoeven zien. Zij beseffen hun vergissing wanneer zij toch afgewezen worden en houden ze dan op tegen te stribbelen. Ze “laten de situatie los”; ze wenden zich af. Dit zijn de mislukte kanten van halogenen. Het voorvoegsel in dit stadium is ‘ex’. Ze zetten zichzelf vrijwillig of gedwongen uit de situatie; expiratie, geëxcommuniceerd, extravagant. De halogenen en andere anionen hebben het gevoel dat zij, om niet gekwetst te worden, iets moeten doen, handelen, presteren; daarom worden zij “doeners” genoemd. Met het begrijpen van de halogenen vanuit het psychologische perspectief wordt ons begrip van deze groep samenhangend.
Homoeopathic Management of Breast Fibroadenoma—An Open Label, Single Arm, Observational Trial
Authors: Shukla Purnima , Misra Purak , Misra Rajiv Kumar , Jain Rishabh Kumar , Shukla Rakesh , Manchanda R.K , Khurana Anil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Achtergrond Fibroadenoom van de borst is de meest voorkomende kwaal bij vrouwen met een aanzienlijk risico op overlijden. Uit de beschikbare literatuur blijkt dat borsttumoren verdwijnen door homeopathische behandeling. De huidige studie evalueerde de rol van homeopathische behandeling op borstfibroadenoma met behulp van ‘Triple assessment criteria’ (dubbel blind) en onderzoekt of homeopathische geneesmiddelen therapeutisch effect teweeg brengen door het veranderen van de oestrogeen en progesteron receptor (ER/PR) status op tumorweefsel.
Materialen en Methoden Een open-label, prospectieve, single-arm, observationele studie werd uitgevoerd bij 64 vrouwelijke patiënten met fibroadenoom van de borst. Er werden drievoudige beoordelingscriteria gebruikt om de doeltreffendheid van de homeopathische behandeling van borstfibroadenomen te onderzoeken. Geïndividualiseerde homeopathische geneesmiddelen werden voorgeschreven. De meetresultaten vertoonden veranderingen in het klinisch beeld en het aantal en de omvang van de knobbels door middel van ultrasoonmammografie. ER/PR studie werd uitgevoerd door immunohistochemie met gebruik van quick score analyse.
Resultaten Bij 23 gevallen (35,93%) van fibroadenomen was er na de behandeling geen knobbel meer meetbaar. Gedeeltelijke verbetering werd waargenomen in 22 gevallen (34,37%) met significante vermindering van de gemiddelde grootte (p < 0,001). Ook werd een significante vermindering van het aantal laesies gezien bij fibroadenomen (p < 0,05). Conium maculatum en Phytolacca decandra bleken de meest bruikbare remedies te zijn. De quick score waarde van ER na behandeling toonde significante vermindering (Z ¼ 4.910).
Conclusie De studie toont aan dat de therapeutische effecten van toediening van geïndividualiseerde homeopathische geneesmiddelen een belangrijke rol spelen bij de behandeling van fibroadenomen van de borst. De resultaten van ER/PR laten een significante vermindering van ER zien, wat suggereert dat homeopathische geneesmiddelen een remmend effect hebben op ER.