bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEG adsorption of autoantibodies causes loss of concomitant alloantibody
Authors: Judd W. J. , Dake L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to promote adsorption of autoantibodies is reported to give good recovery of concomitant alloantibodies. In initial experiments, PEG and ZZAP (Ficin and DTT) adsorption procedures were compared for removal of autoantibody and recovery of alloantibody. Postadsorption studies (n = 11) were performed and hemagglutination scores compared. In subsequent studies, equal volumes of alloantibody containing sera, PEG, and antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) were used in twofold adsorption experiments. Saline was substituted for PEG for control purposes. Postadsorption titers and immunoglobulin levels were determined. Autoantibodies were completely removed by both methods (n = 5); better by PEG (n = 3); better by ZZAP (n = 1); and not adsorbed (n = 1), and partially adsorbed by both (n = 1). Alloantibody recovery was comparable in three cases (E, K, Jka) but weaker by at least one reaction grade in four (K,E, Jka, and antibody to low-frequency antigen). The latter anti-Jka reacted 1+ with Jk(a+b+) RBCs after ZZAP adsorption but was nonreactive with the same RBCs following PEG adsorption. Titers of six alloantibodies adsorbed with antigen-negative RBCs in PEG were markedly weaker (range 2 to 8) compared to saline controls (range 4 to 32). IgG levels for PEG adsorbed (range 128 to 243 mg/dL) were 50% lower than controls (range 265 to 505 mg/dL). Although PEG adsorption is effective in removing autoantibody, the precipitation of immunoglobulin by PEG may result in failure to detect underlying alloantibody.
Immunohematology 2001;17:82–85.
Switching donor cells as a major source of error in compatibility testing
Authors: Padget B.J. , Hannon J.L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The most likely cause of fatality in blood transfusion is transfusion of the wrong unit of blood to a patient. This type of error is usually attributed to improper patient identification at the time of sample collection or transfusion. A retrospective analysis of the results of an external proficiency testing program identified a common source of error occurring during laboratory testing that has not been previously reported. Results were analyzed when major errors were assigned to laboratories for obviously switching donor units in compatibility testing and/or subsequent investigation. In 24 surveys sent to extended testing (Level A) laboratories and 18 sent to basic testing (Level B) laboratories, the antigenic composition of the two donor cells made it possible to determine whether the cells had been switched. Seven errors were assigned to Level A participants for switching donor units during testing, constituting 38.9 percent of the 18 major errors assessed. Level B participants were assigned eight errors for switching donor units, 26.7 percent of the 30 major errors assessed. Approximately one-third (31.3 percent) of major errors committed on 42 proficiency testing surveys were caused by switching of donor cells during compatibility testing. This type of error may result in transfusion of an incompatible donor unit.
Immunohematology 2001;17: 125–129.
A gel technology system to determine postpartum RhIG dosage
Authors: Fernandes J.R. , Chan R. , Coovadia A.S. , Reis M.D. , Inkerton P. H. P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Failures of Rh immune globulin (RhIG) prophylaxis occur when the dose is too small. We report a test using a gel technology (GT) method to replace the Kleihauer–Betke (K–B) test to assess fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) and assist in determining the minimum necessary dose of RhIG. Cord blood (O, D+) was mixed with adult blood (O D–) to mimic an FMH of 10 mL, 20 mL, 28 mL, and 40 mL. Test samples were incubated with anti-D at known concentrations and centrifuged. The supernatant was titrated against D+ and D– red cells using GT and an interpretation of the required RhIG dose was made. Results were compared with the K–B test. Results were easily discernible and interpretations leading to determination of recommended RhIG dosage were reproducible. Correlation to standard K–B testing was confirmed. Elapsed time for result availability by GT testing was 60 minutes, with a direct technical time requirement of 30 minutes. The GT system is easier, objective, and quantitative, and compares well to the standard K–B test. A single procedure will allow assessment of the extent of FMH in the great majority of cases. This technique works well in determining the appropriate dose of anti-D required to treat D– patients with D+ newborns. There are potential cost savings in decreased use of RhIG, less direct technical time required, and more rapid availability of results.
Immunohematology 2000;16:115–119.
Intensifying rehabilitation of combined sewer systems using trenchless technology in combination with low impact development and green infrastructure
Authors: Kvitsjøen J. , Paus K. H. , Bjerkholt J. T. , Fergus T. , Lindholm O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Throughout Europe, there is a considerable need for investment in the upgrade of sewer systems – due to three main factors: ageing infrastructure, climate change and urban population growth. The need for investments is expected to grow significantly in the years ahead. Trenchless rehabilitation (no-dig) of sewer pipelines is a cost-efficient and environmental friendly method for upgrading existing pipelines with sufficient capacity. This study examines the possibility of applying no-dig to combined sewer systems (CS) with insufficient capacity. In this study, a concept assessment methodology that combines the analytical approaches from stormwater and sewer system assessments is presented. The methodology was tested on a case area that was part of an environmental project in Oslo, Norway. Three alternative concepts were examined; A0: no-dig and low impact development (LID), A1: no-dig, LID and green infrastructure (GI), and A2: CS up-sizing using open-cut methods. The study concludes that CS with insufficient capacity can be rehabilitated using no-dig if LID and GI. The combination of no-dig and LID reduces costs considerably but does involve the risk of damages from uncontrolled surface runoff. The main risk-reduction measure is the development of GI as an integrated stormwater management system that requires cross-sector collaboration within municipalities.
An emergent addition for the optimal systemization of wastewater utilization plants using artificial intelligence
Authors: Hasan Mohd Abul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The treatment of wastewater is an essential factor in preventing pollutants and promoting the quality of the water. The inherent complexity, influential impact and the solid waste infrastructure all lead to confusion and variance in the primary clarifier for wastewater. These inconsistencies lead to variations in the purity and capacity constraints of wastewater and the existential impact of water receipt. Water treatment is a complicated task that has chemical, technical and biochemical aspects. A credible artificial neural network (ANN) method is necessary for another wastewater treatment plant to prevent the breakdown of the processes. Virtual reality seems to have become a strong solution for preventing waste management uncertainties and problems. This is not only due to extreme changes but also to significant external disturbances that water systems are subjected to when controlling challenges. Climate is among the most significant of such disturbances. Various environmental conditions actually include different influx frequencies and levels of substances. Water contamination has become one of the extremely serious growing concerns; sewage treatment plant identification is a key major issue here and the agencies enforce tighter requirements when operating wastewater software systems. This article plans to create models of achievement and prospects when possible future guidance of recent research borders for the use of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment plants that concurrently deal with pollutants. This study has shown us that the composite ANN provides a greater level of competence in plant prediction and systemization.
Highlight
The ANN parameters are tuned with different weights and biases to obtain effective results and a solution to achieve the best results. The proposed research methodology also suggests that this research can be made more effective by fine-tuning ANN parameters using optimization techniques. This paper explores the effective utilization of artificial intelligence for wastewater. The composite ANN has been found to deliver a higher level of competence in plant prediction and systemization in this study. The behavior of input water in wastewater treatment plants must be predicted using a neural network.
Catatonia Associated with Hyponatremia: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Rizos Dimitrios V. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Catatonia is a syndrome of altered motor behavior that is mostly associated with general medical, neurologic, mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The association of newly onset catatonic symptoms with hyponatremia has been rarely reported in the literature.

Case Presentation:
We present a rare case of a young female patient with schizophrenia, who presented with catatonic symptoms in the context of hyponatremia due to water intoxication. The symptoms were eliminated with the correction of hyponatremia. There are only a few reports of hyponatremia-associated catatonia in psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. Sometimes, catatonic symptoms may co-occur with newly onset psychotic symptoms and confusion, suggesting delirium. In several cases, the catatonic symptoms responded to specific treatment with benzodiazepines or electroconvulsive therapy.

Conclusion:

Hyponatremia may induce catatonic symptoms in patients, regardless of underlying mental illness, but this phenomenon is even more relevant in patients with a psychotic or mood disorder, which may itself cause catatonic symptoms. It is important for clinicians not to attribute newly-onset catatonic symptoms to the underlying psychotic or mood disorder without measuring sodium serum levels. The measurement of sodium serum levels may guide treating psychiatrists to refer the patient for further investigation and appropriate treatment.
Policy Interventions, Development Trends, and Service Innovations of Internet Hospitals in China: Documentary Analysis and Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Lai Yunfeng , Chen Shengqi , Li Meng , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Hu Hao 
Published: May 2021

Background
Internet hospitals have been encouraged by the Chinese government to develop an innovative medical service model that mainly uses new internet-based technologies to increase access to health care and improve the quality and efficiency of health care delivery. However, the academic exploration of the institutional and sectoral development of internet hospitals in China is scarce in the existing literature.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the policy interventions, development trends, and service innovations of internet hospitals in China. It is expected that the findings from this study will contribute to the further innovation of internet hospitals in China and provide references for the international development of internet hospitals for personalized digital health and patient-centric services.

Methods
This study analyzed official policies related to internet hospitals that were implemented by the government in China since 2005. The data of formally approved internet hospitals were collected from official websites to analyze development trends. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 58 key stakeholders who represented comprehensive viewpoints about the service innovations of internet hospitals between March and November 2019.

Results
In total, 25 policies that promoted the development of internet hospitals in China were identified. These policies encompassed informatization infrastructure construction, medical resource integration, development model design, service model design, and payment model design. Of the 268 internet hospitals that had received an official license from the government, 153 public internet hospitals had been built mainly by medical institutions. Public tertiary hospitals were the main actors in founding internet hospitals that were created to provide services that targeted patients with common diseases or chronic diseases or patients living in remote and rural areas. Promoting convenient access to high-quality medical resources and saving patients’ and their families’ time were the key values of internet hospitals.

Conclusions
The policy interventions strongly promoted the development of internet hospitals in China. Public tertiary hospitals led the development of internet hospitals. However, internet hospitals in China have mainly played roles that are complementary to those of physical medical institutions. The service model of internet hospitals needs more distinguished innovations to provide personalized digital health and patient-centric services.
A Compassion-Focused Ecological Momentary Intervention for Enhancing Resilience in Help-Seeking Youth: Uncontrolled Pilot Study
Authors: Rauschenberg Christian , Boecking Benjamin , Paetzold Isabell , Schruers Koen , Schick Anita , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , Reininghaus Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

Background
Digital interventions offer new avenues for low-threshold prevention and treatment in young people. Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) represent a powerful approach that allows for adaptive, real-time, and real-world delivery of intervention components in daily life by real-time processing of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Compassion-focused interventions (CFIs) may be particularly amenable to translation into an EMI to strengthen emotional resilience and modify putative risk mechanisms, such as stress sensitivity, in the daily lives of young help-seeking individuals.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety, and initial therapeutic effects of a novel, accessible, transdiagnostic, ecological momentary CFI for improving emotional resilience to stress (EMIcompass).

Methods
In this uncontrolled pilot study, help-seeking youth with psychotic, depressive, or anxiety symptoms were offered the EMIcompass intervention in addition to treatment as usual. The EMIcompass intervention consisted of a 3-week EMI (including enhancing, consolidating, and EMA-informed interactive tasks) administered through a mobile health app and three face-to-face sessions with a trained psychologist intended to provide guidance and training on the CFI exercises presented in the app (ie, training session, follow-up booster session, and review session).

Results
In total, 10 individuals (mean age 20.3 years, SD 3.8; range 14-25) were included in the study. Most (8/10, 80%) participants were satisfied and reported a low burden of app usage. No adverse events were observed. In approximately one-third of all EMAs, individuals scored high on stress, negative affect, or threat anticipation during the intervention period, resulting in real-time, interactive delivery of the CFI intervention components in addition to weekly enhancing and daily consolidating tasks. Although the findings should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size, reduced stress sensitivity, momentary negative affect, and psychotic experiences, along with increased positive affect, were found at postintervention and the 4-week follow-up. Furthermore, reductions in psychotic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were found (r=0.30-0.65).

Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence on the feasibility and safety of the EMIcompass intervention for help-seeking youth and lend initial support to beneficial effects on stress sensitivity and mental health outcomes. An exploratory randomized controlled trial is warranted to establish the feasibility and preliminary evidence of its efficacy.
Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for an Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Egan James E , Haberlen Sabina A , Meanley Steven , Ware Deanna , Brown Andre L , Siconolfi Daniel , Brennan-Ing Mark , Stall Ron , Plankey Michael W , Friedman M Reuel 
Published: May 2021

Background
With the graying of sexual and gender minority communities and the growing number of people aged ≥50 years living with HIV, it is increasingly important to understand resilience in the context of the psychosocial aspects of aging and aging well.

Objective
This paper aims to describe the methods and sample for the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men study.

Methods
This observational cohort study was conducted within the Multisite AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and was designed to explore resiliencies to explain patterns of health and illness among middle-aged and older sexual minority men. To be eligible, a participant had to be an active participant in the MACS, be at least 40 years of age as of April 1, 2016, and report any sex with another man since enrollment in the MACS.

Results
Eligible participants (N=1318) completed six biannual surveys between April 2016 and April 2019. The mean age of the sample was 59.6 years (range 40-91 years). The sample was mostly White, educated, gay-identified, and included both HIV-positive (656/1318, 49.77%) and HIV-negative (662/1318, 50.23%) men.

Conclusions
Understanding resiliencies in aging is a critical springboard for the development of more holistic public health theories and interventions that support healthy aging among older sexual minority men.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/25750
Implementation and Effects of an Information Technology–Based Intervention to Support Speech and Language Therapy Among Stroke Patients With Aphasia: Protocol for a Virtual Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Esther S , Laird Laura , Wilson Carlee , Bieg Till , Mildner Philip , Möller Sebastian , Schatz Raimund , Schwarz Stephanie , Spang Robert , Voigt-Antons Jan-Niklas , Rochon Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Background
Mobile app–based therapies are increasingly being employed by speech-language pathologists in the rehabilitation of people with aphasia as adjuncts or substitutes for traditional in-person therapy approaches. These apps can increase the intensity of treatment and have resulted in meaningful outcomes across several domains.

Objective
VoiceAdapt is a mobile therapy app designed with user and stakeholder feedback within a user-centered design framework. VoiceAdapt uses two evidence-based lexical retrieval treatments to help people with aphasia in improving their naming abilities through interactions with the app. The purpose of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) proposed here is to examine the feasibility and clinical efficacy of training with VoiceAdapt on the language and communication outcomes of people with aphasia.

Methods
A multicenter RCT is being conducted at two locations within Canada. A total of 80 people with aphasia will be recruited to participate in a two-arm, waitlist-controlled, crossover group RCT. After baseline assessment, participants will be randomized into an intervention group or a waitlist control group. The intervention group participants will engage in 5 weeks of training with the app, followed by posttreatment and follow-up assessments after an additional 5 weeks. Those in the waitlist control group will have no training for 5 weeks; this is followed by pretreatment assessment, training for 5 weeks, and posttreatment assessment. All trial procedures are being conducted remotely given the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Recruitment of participants started in September 2020, and the study is expected to be completed by March 2022. Publication of results is expected within 6 months of study completion.

Conclusions
The results of the RCT will provide information on evidence-based practice using technology-based solutions to treat aphasia. If positive results are obtained from this RCT, the VoiceAdapt app can be recommended as an efficacious means of improving lexical retrieval and communicative functioning in people with aphasia in an easily accessible and a cost-effective manner. Moreover, the implementation of this RCT through remote assessment and delivery can provide information to therapists on telerehabilitation practices and monitoring of app-based home therapy programs.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04108364; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04108364

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30621
Geochemical aspects of volcanic rocks of the Valley of México
Authors: Negendank J.F.W. 
Published: May 2021

La historia geológica del Valle de México está formada por tres periodos de actividad volcánica. En cada periodo se observa una secuencia de rocas ígneas de riodacitas hasta andesitas, faltando las riolitas y basaltos propiamente tales. En el Terciario (periodos del Oligo-mioceno y del Mioceno Superior-Plioceno), el volcanismo es más dacítico, y más andesítico en el Cuaternario. Estos resultados se verificaron calculando el término medio de todos los análisis químicos disponibles que tenían edades estratigráficas. La composición química media de los productos oligo-miocénicos, del Mioceno Superior-Plioceno, y del Cuaternario se calculó junto a las rocas ígneas correspondientes mediante la clasificación de Rittmann en el doble triángulo de Streckeisen, con los resultados siguientes:Cuaternario: Andesita cuarzo-latíticaMioceno Superior-Plioceno: Leucoandesita cuano-latíticaOligo-Mioceno: Leucoandesita cuarzo-latíticaLa similitud en la composición media de las rocas volcánicas terciarias parece confirmar la teoría de un magma andesítico primario uniforme, independientemente de las dos teorías posibles de petrogénesis. Las abundancias medias calculadas de elementos indiciales dan valores altos para Cr y Ni, lo que indica una posible intervención de materiales del manto si se considera que los productos terciarios provendrían de fusión parcial en la corteza inferior. Una hipótesis más elegante debida a Gunn y Mooser (1971) considera que estas rocas volcánicas serían productos de la fusión parcial de toleítas oceánicas O de SUS derivados de alta presión.
Premonitory elevation change before an earthquake based on dilatancy-diffusion model
Authors: Singh Shri Krishna 
Published: May 2021

El modelo de difusión-dilatación, recientemente propuesto para explicar cambios premonitorios en los campos geofísicos y geoquímicos antes de varios temblores superficiales, implica la ascención de la región epicéntrica. Basado en una esfera dilatante en un semi-espacio elástico, se presentan formulas simples y una gráfica que pueden usarse para predecir la magnitud y profundidad de! foco de un futuro temblor si la magnitud de la dilatación se conoce. Alternativamente, se puede hacer una estimación de la magnitud de la dilatación con la ayuda de la gráfica compilando información del máximo desplazamiento vertical, de la profundidad del centro y del radio de la esfera dilatante para temblores que son precedidos de dilatación.