bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffy: Inductive Reasoning of Array Programs Using Difference Invariants
Authors: Chakraborty Supratik , Gupta Ashutosh , Unadkat Divyesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a novel verification technique to prove properties of a class of array programs with a symbolic parameter N denoting the size of arrays. The technique relies on constructing two slightly different versions of the same program. It infers difference relations between the corresponding variables at key control points of the joint control-flow graph of the two program versions. The desired post-condition is then proved by inducting on the program parameter N, wherein the difference invariants are crucially used in the inductive step. This contrasts with classical techniques that rely on finding potentially complex loop invaraints for each loop in the program. Our synergistic combination of inductive reasoning and finding simple difference invariants helps prove properties of programs that cannot be proved even by the winner of Arrays sub-category in SV-COMP 2021. We have implemented a prototype tool called Diffy to demonstrate these ideas. We present results comparing the performance of Diffy with that of state-of-the-art tools.
Kleiss-Kuijf relations from momentum amplituhedron geometry
Authors: Damgaard David , Ferro Livia , Łukowski Tomasz , Moerman Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, it has been understood that color-ordered scattering amplitudes can be encoded as logarithmic differential forms on positive geometries. In particular, amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in spinor helicity space are governed by the momentum amplituhedron. Due to the group-theoretic structure underlying color decompositions, color-ordered amplitudes enjoy various identities which relate different orderings. In this paper, we show how the Kleiss-Kuijf relations arise from the geometry of the momentum amplituhedron. We also show how similar relations can be realised for the kinematic associahedron, which is the positive geometry of bi-adjoint scalar cubic theory.
Parallelized label-free monitoring of cell adhesion on extracellular matrix proteins measured by single colour reflectometry
Authors: Hutterer Johanna , Proll Günther , Fechner Peter , Gauglitz Günter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe understanding of the initial cell adhesion to biomaterials is crucial for the survival of implants. The manifold possibilities to tailor an implant surface and the diverse requirements for different implant applications necessitate a timesaving and highly parallelized analytical methodology. Due to its intrinsic advantages (label-free, time-resolved, robust against temperature fluctuations, and particularly the multiplexing possibilities), single colour reflectometry (SCORE) is used for the first time to investigate cell adhesion to different extracellular matrix protein–coated surfaces. The excellent correlation between the novel SCORE technology and well-established reference methods proves that the results obtained by using this direct optical method are able to reflect the cell binding processes at the transducer surface. Additionally, the high time resolution of SCORE revealed the differences in the adhesion behaviour of the cells on the different extracellular matrix protein–coated glass slides during the initial adsorption phase and during the spreading of the cells on the surfaces. Therefore, we conclude that SCORE is a perfectly suited methodology for studying the entire cell adsorption process, including morphological changes, and shows great potential for other cell-based sensing applications.Graphical abstract
One-Shot Randomized and Nonrandomized Partial Decoupling
Authors: Wakakuwa Eyuri , Nakata Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce a task that we call partial decoupling, in which a bipartite quantum state is transformed by a unitary operation on one of the two subsystems and then is subject to the action of a quantum channel. We assume that the subsystem is decomposed into a direct-sum-product form, which often appears in the context of quantum information theory. The unitary is chosen at random from the set of unitaries having a simple form under the decomposition. The goal of the task is to make the final state, for typical choices of the unitary, close to the averaged final state over the unitaries. We consider a one-shot scenario, and derive upper and lower bounds on the average distance between the two states. The bounds are represented simply in terms of smooth conditional entropies of quantum states involving the initial state, the channel and the decomposition. Thereby we provide generalizations of the one-shot decoupling theorem. The obtained result would lead to further development of the decoupling approaches in quantum information theory and fundamental physics.
Serum concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics over the bariatric surgery procedure
Authors: Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Nylén Karin , Axelsson Magnus A. B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
As a substantial proportion of bariatric surgery patients use psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs, we investigated the impact of this procedure on serum concentrations.

Methods
In a naturalistic, longitudinal, prospective case series, we compared dose-adjusted trough concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or antiepileptics in consecutive patients before and after bariatric surgery. Adherence to treatment over 2 weeks preceding each sampling was considered.

Results
In all, 85 participants were included (86% female, median age 45 years, median body mass index 42 kg/m2). They were being treated with 18 different psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs (7 substances: 6–17 individuals, 11 substances: 1–4 individuals) and contributed 237 samples over a median of 379 days after surgery. For four out of seven substances with pre-/post-surgery samples available from six or more individuals, the dose-adjusted concentration was reduced (sertraline: 51%, mirtazapine: 41%, duloxetine: 35%, citalopram: 19%). For sertraline and mirtazapine, the low-calorie-diet before surgery entirely explained this reduction. A consistent finding, irrespective of drug, was the association between the mean ratio of the post-/pre-diet dose-adjusted concentration and the lipophilicity of the drug (logD; correlation coefficient: −0.69, P = 0.0005), the low-calorie diet often affecting serum concentration more than the surgery itself.

Conclusions
Serum concentrations of psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs vary after bariatric surgery and can be hard to predict in individual patients, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring is of value. Conversely, effects of the pre-surgery, low-calorie diet appear generalizable, with decreased concentrations of highly lipophilic drugs and increased concentrations of highly hydrophilic drugs. Interaction effects (surgery/dose/concentration) were not evident but cannot be excluded.
Impact of 2016 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Recommendations on Outcomes after Hepatectomy in Cirrhotic and Non‐Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Lunel Thibault , Mohkam Kayvan , Merle Philippe , Bonnet Aurélie , Gazon Mathieu , Dumont Paul‐Noël , Ducerf Christian , Mabrut Jean‐Yves , Lesurtel Mickaël 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) society published new recommendations for hepatectomy in 2016. Few studies have assessed their clinical impact. The aim of this monocentric study was to assess the impact of those guidelines on outcomes after liver surgery with a special focus on cirrhotic patients.MethodPostoperative outcomes of patients undergoing hepatectomy 30 months before and after ERAS implementation according to the 2016 ERAS guidelines were compared after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Primary endpoint was 90‐day morbidity.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2020, 430 patients underwent hepatectomy including 226 procedures performed before and 204 after ERAS implementation. After IPTW, overall morbidity (42.5% vs. 64.7%, p < 0.001), Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) score (14.3 vs. 20.8, p = 0.004), length of stay (10.4 vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.001) and textbook outcome (50% vs. 40.2%, p = 0.022) were significantly improved in the ERAS group, while mortality and severe complications were similar in both groups. In the non‐cirrhosis subgroup (n = 321), these results were confirmed. However, in the cirrhosis subgroup (n = 105), no difference appeared on outcomes after hepatectomy with an overall morbidity (47.5% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.069) and a length of stay (8 vs. 9 days, p = 0.310) which were not significantly different. The compliance rate to ERAS guidelines was 60% in both cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic subgroups.ConclusionPerioperative ERAS program for hepatectomy results in improved outcomes with decreased rate of non‐severe morbidity. Although those guidelines are not deleterious for cirrhotic patients, they probably require revisions to be more effective in this patient population.
Contemporary knee arthroplasty: one fits all or time for diversity?
Authors: Beckmann Johannes , Meier Malin Kristin , Benignus Christian , Hecker Andreas , Thienpont Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has historically been the preferred solution for any type of knee osteoarthritis, independently of the number of compartments involved. In these days of patient-specific medicine, mono-compartmental disease could also be approached with a more individualized treatment, such as partial knee arthroplasty (PKA). Off-the-shelf (OTS) implants are often the compromise of averages and means of a limited series of anatomical parameters retrieved from patients and the pressure of cost control by limited inventory. Personalized medicine requires respect and interest for the individual shape and alignment of each patient.

Materials and methods
A Pubmed and Google Scholar search were performed with the following terms: “patient-specific knee” and “arthroplasty” and “custom implant” and “total knee replacement” and “partial knee replacement” and “patellofemoral knee replacement” and “bicompartmental knee replacement”. The full text of 90 articles was used to write this narrative review.

Results
Unicondylar, patellofemoral and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty are successful treatment options, which can be considered over TKA for their bone and ligament sparing character and the superior functional outcome that can be obtained with resurfacing procedures. For TKA, where compromises dominate our choices, especially in patients with individual variations of their personal anatomy outside of the standard, a customized implant could be a preferable solution.

Conclusion
TKA might not be the only solution for every patient with knee osteoarthritis, if personalized medicine wants to be offered. Patient-specific mono-compartmental resurfacing solutions, such as partial knee arthroplasty, can be part of the treatment options proposed by the expert surgeon. Customized implants and personalized alignment options have the potential to further improve clinical outcome by identifying the individual morphotype and respecting the diversity of the surgical population.
EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment
Authors: Pagani Francesca , Tratta Elisa , Dell’Era Patrizia , Cominelli Manuela , Poliani Pietro Luigi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.
Porcine ovarian cortex-derived putative stem cells can differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Wartalski Kamil , Gorczyca Gabriela , Wiater Jerzy , Tabarowski Zbigniew , Duda Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs), the primary component of the vasculature, play a crucial role in neovascularization. However, the number of endogenous ECs is inadequate for both experimental purposes and clinical applications. Porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs), although not pluripotent, are characterized by great plasticity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether poPSCs have the potential to differentiate into cells of endothelial lineage. poPSCs were immunomagnetically isolated from postnatal pig ovaries based on the presence of SSEA-4 protein. Expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers after pre-culture, both at the level of mRNA: ITGB1, THY, and ENG and corresponding protein: CD29, CD90, and CD105 were significantly higher compared to the control ovarian cortex cells. To differentiate poPSCs into ECs, inducing medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), ascorbic acid, and heparin was applied. After 14 days, poPSC differentiation into ECs was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining for vascular endothelial cadherin (VECad) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Semi-quantitative WB analysis of these proteins confirmed their high abundance. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that mRNA expression of corresponding marker genes: CDH5, KDR was significantly higher compared with undifferentiated poPSCs. Finally, EC functional status was confirmed by the migration test that revealed that they were capable of positive chemotaxis, while tube formation assay demonstrated their ability to develop capillary networks. In conclusion, our results provided evidence that poPSCs may constitute the MSC population in the ovary and confirmed that they might be a potential source of ECs for tissue engineering.
Quantitative chemical mapping of plagioclase as a tool for the interpretation of volcanic stratigraphy: an example from Saint Kitts, Lesser Antilles
Authors: Higgins Oliver , Sheldrake Tom , Caricchi Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstablishing a quantitative link between magmatic processes occurring at depth and volcanic eruption dynamics is essential to forecast the future behaviour of volcanoes, and to correctly interpret monitoring signals at active centres. Chemical zoning in minerals, which captures successive events or states within a magmatic system, can be exploited for such a purpose. However, to develop a quantitative understanding of magmatic systems requires an unbiased, reproducible method for characterising zoned crystals. We use image segmentation on thin section scale chemical maps to segment textural zones in plagioclase phenocrysts. These zones are then correlated throughout a stratigraphic sequence from Saint Kitts (Lesser Antilles), composed of a basal pyroclastic flow deposit and a series of fall deposits. Both segmented phenocrysts and unsegmented matrix plagioclase are chemically decoupled from whole rock geochemical trends, with the latter showing a systematic temporal progression towards less chemically evolved magma (more anorthitic plagioclase). By working on a stratigraphic sequence, it is possible to track the chemical and textural complexity of segmented plagioclase in time, in this case on the order of millennia. In doing so, we find a relationship between the number of crystal populations, deposit thickness and time. Thicker deposits contain a larger number of crystal populations, alongside an overall reduction in this number towards the top of the deposit. Our approach provides quantitative textural parameters for volcanic and plutonic rocks, including the ability to measure the amount of crystal fracturing. In combination with mineral chemistry, these parameters can strengthen the link between petrology and volcanology, paving the way towards a deeper understanding of the magmatic processes controlling eruptive dynamics.
Chlorophyll pigment and needle macronutrient responses and interactions to soil moisture and atmospheric CO2 treatments of eight pine and spruce species
Authors: Major John E. , Mosseler Alex 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Key message
Large differences were detected between genera and among species in chlorophyll pigment and macronutrient concentrations. Pines have greater variances than spruces and showed less downregulation of chlorophyll pigment concentrations than spruces in response to eCO2 and DRT. There was strong genetic control of chlorophyll pigments and most macronutrients.

Abstract
Chlorophyll pigment and needle macronutrient concentrations were quantified for eight tree species in two commercially important genera, Pinus and Picea grown in a 2 × 2 factorial of atmospheric CO2 (370 and 740 ppm) and soil moisture stress (− 0.1 to − 0.5 and − 0.7 to − 1.0 MPa) treatments. Four of the pines and three of the spruces are native to eastern North America, while a fourth spruce, Norway spruce (NS: Picea abies), is from Europe but has been widely used for reforestation in northeastern North America. Overall, spruces had significantly greater chlorophyll a, b, (CHLa, CHLb), and total chlorophyll concentration (TCC) and carotenoid concentration (CAR) than pines. Ambient CO2 (aCO2) had significantly greater TCC than in response to elevated CO2 (eCO2), and TCC and CAR was significantly downregulated more in spruces than in pines in response to eCO2. Pines had equal or greater TCC and CAR in response to drought treatment (DRT) than well-watered treatment, whereas spruces had significantly lower values in response to DRT. Needle N, P and Ca concentrations were greater for spruces than pines. Needle N concentrations declined in response to both eCO2 and DRT. Needle P increased in response to eCO2 but declined in response to DRT. Using total biomass as a covariate, needle N showed no response in pines; whereas spruces showed a slight positive response to increasing total biomass. Covariate analysis showed that TCC had a significant positive relationship to needle N and Mg, with greater TCC in spruces than in pines for a given needle N. Photosynthetic quantum efficiency (QE), derived from light response curves, had a significant positive relationship to TCC that was greater in pines than in spruces for a given TCC. Photosynthetic light convexity had a significant positive relationship to TCC that was also greater in pines than in spruces for a given TCC, indicating a sharper curvature compared to a more progressive curve for spruce. Pine species have greater variances than spruce species. While Pinus strobus (white pine, subgenus Strobus) stands out as having greater chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations than the other three pines (subgenus Pinus). Overall, pines showed less downregulation of chlorophyll pigment concentrations than spruces in response to eCO2 and DRT. There was strong genetic control for chlorophyll pigments and most macronutrients.
Hierarchie und Demokratie in Organisationen – Die 49-Punkte-Intervention
Authors: Radel J. , Schuster R. J. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) beschreibt eine auf gruppendynamischen Überlegungen beruhende Intervention, die im Rahmen der Lehre an Universitäten und Hochschulen eingesetzt werden kann. Ziel ist es, mittels Reflexion der Intervention Erkenntnisse über Organisationsdynamiken und -konflikte zu erlangen.Universitäten und Hochschulen sind Institutionen, die Wissen vermitteln und Bildung und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung ermöglichen sollen. Dabei sind Lehrende und Studierende zueinander in eine hierarchische Beziehung gesetzt. Dies ist eine organisatorische Notwendigkeit, die aber auch, im Fall der Sozialwissenschaften, im Widerspruch zu einem gemeinsamen Erkunden sozialer Phänomene auf Augenhöhe steht. Lehrende und Studierende sind mit dem „Sei-selbstständig-Paradox“ konfrontiert. Studierende müssen gegebenen Vorgaben folgen, sich im normativen Rahmen bewegen, sollen sich jedoch gleichzeitig selbstständig und authentisch einbringen. Dies kann zu Konflikten führen, die aber oft nicht diskutiert werden. Damit verbleiben sie im System, was dazu führen kann, dass die Studierenden einem möglichen Double Bind ausgesetzt sind.In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie Studierende im Rahmen einer von uns als49-Punkte-Interventionbezeichneten Methode die Möglichkeit bekommen, im Gegensatz zur üblichen hierarchischen Ordnung an der Gestaltung der eigenen Prüfung mitzuwirken. Dadurch werden übliche Grenzen aufgeweicht und institutionell gelöste Konflikte neu zur Diskussion gestellt. Es wird hier die Intervention kurz beschrieben, um dann potenzielle Konfliktdynamiken auf folgenden Ebenen aufzuzeigen: (a) intrapersonelle Ebene, (b) interpersonelle Ebene, (c) Ebene zwischen Studierenden und Dozenten, (d) Ebene der Sachzwänge des Systems, die sowohl Studierende als auch Dozenten betreffen
Methodology for the metaphysics of pregnancy
Authors: Finn Suki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the central questions in the metaphysics of pregnancy is this: Is the foetus a part of the mother? In this paper I aim not to answer this question, but rather to raise methodological concerns regarding how to approach answering it. I will outline how various areas attempt to answer whether the foetus is a part of the mother so as to demonstrate the methodological problems that each faces. My positive suggestion will be to adopt a method of reflective equilibrium. The aim of this is to ensure that pregnancy be included in the tribunal of experience that our theories are held up against such that our theories can accommodate what we say about pregnancy, whilst also ensuring that what we say about pregnancy be theoretically informed. That way, we rethink pregnancy in light of our theories as well as rethinking our theories in light of pregnancy.