bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evidence for Cannabis and Nicotine Urinary Metabolites as Predictors of Verbal Memory Performance and Learning Among Young Adults
Authors: Wade Natasha E. , Baca Rachel , Courtney Kelly E. , McCabe Connor J. , Infante M. Alejandra , Huestis Marilyn A. , Jacobus Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Verbal memory deficits are linked to cannabis use. However, self-reported episodic use does not allow for assessment of variance from other factors (e.g., cannabis potency, route of consumption) that are important for assessing brain-behavior relationships. Further, co-occurring nicotine use may moderate the influence of cannabis on cognition. Here we utilized objective urinary measurements to assess the relationship between metabolites of cannabis, 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH), and nicotine (cotinine) on verbal memory in young adults.Method:Adolescents and young adults (n = 103) aged 16–22 completed urinary drug testing and verbal memory assessment (RAVLT). Linear regressions examined the influence of THCCOOH and cotinine quantitative concentrations, and their interaction, on RAVLT scores, controlling for demographics and alcohol. Cannabis intake frequency was also investigated. Secondary analyses examined whether past month or recency of use related to performance, while controlling for THCCOOH and cotinine concentrations.Results:THCCOOH concentration related to both poorer total learning and long delay recall. Cotinine concentration related to poorer short delay recall. Higher frequency cannabis use status was associated with poorer initial learning and poorer short delay. When comparing to self-report, THCCOOH and cotinine concentrations were negatively related to learning and memory performance, while self-report was not.Conclusions:Results confirm the negative relationship between verbal memory and cannabis use, extending findings with objective urinary THCCOOH, and cotinine concentration measurements. No moderating relationship with nicotine was found, though cotinine concentration independently associated with negative short delay performance. Findings support the use of both urinary and self-report metrics as complementary methods in substance use research.
Food insufficiency and mental health service utilisation in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nagata Jason M , Ganson Kyle T , Cattle Chloe J , Whittle Henry J , Tsai Alexander C , Weiser Sheri D 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To estimate the association between food insufficiency and mental health service utilisation in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Cross-sectional study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between food insufficiency and mental health service utilisation.Setting:US Census Household Pulse Survey data collected in October 2020.Participants:Nationally representative sample of 68 611 US adults.Results:After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, experiencing food insufficiency was associated with higher odds of unmet mental health need (adjusted OR (AOR) 2·90; 95 % CI 2·46, 3·43), receiving mental health counselling or therapy (AOR 1·51; 95 % CI 1·24, 1·83) and psychotropic medication use (AOR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·35, 1·80). Anxiety and depression symptoms mediated most of the association between food insufficiency and unmet mental health need but not the associations between food insufficiency and either receiving mental health counselling/therapy or psychotropic medication use.Conclusions:Clinicians should regularly screen patients for food insufficiency, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding access to supplemental food programmes may help to mitigate the need for higher mental health service utilisation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Individualized Text Messages about Public Services Fail to Sway Voters: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Ugandan Elections
Authors: Jablonski Ryan S. , Buntaine Mark T. , Nielson Daniel L. , Pickering Paula M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMobile communication technologies can provide citizens access to information that is tailored to their specific circumstances. Such technologies may therefore increase citizens’ ability to vote in line with their interests and hold politicians accountable. In a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Uganda (n = 16,083), we investigated whether citizens who receive private, timely, and individualized text messages by mobile phone about public services in their community punished or rewarded incumbents in local elections in line with the information. Respondents claimed to find the messages valuable and there is evidence that they briefly updated their beliefs based on the messages; however, the treatment did not cause increased votes for incumbents where public services were better than expected nor decreased votes where public services were worse than anticipated. The considerable knowledge gaps among citizens identified in this study indicate potential for communication technologies to effectively share civic information. Yet the findings imply that when the attribution of public service outcomes is difficult, even individualized information is unlikely to affect voting behavior.
Application of Phenomena‐Resolving Assessment Methods to Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Products
Authors: Bao Senliang , Wang Huizan , Zhang Ren , Yan Hengqian , Chen Jian , Bai Chengzu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is necessary to evaluate satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) L3 products prior to using them to analyze SSS variability. Instead of performing comparison analysis on the accuracy of products (e.g., Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD)), two new evaluation methods, information entropy and local variance, are introduced to assess the performance of satellite SSS products in resolving SSS fronts in the tropical Pacific from a new perspective. The satellite SSS except for SMOS BEC has captured the zonal displacement of SSS fronts under the strong El Niño in 2015. It is effective to use entropy and local variance for the assessment of the capability of satellite SSS products, which can provide new sights for analyzing the variability and distributions of SSS. The spatial distribution of local variance identified the abnormal SSS of the satellite products on or near the islands and the result of SSS entropy is beneficial to the analysis of the mechanisms of the SSS variability. In general, the SMOS CATDS and SMAP_70 km product is recommended for scientific applications in the tropical Pacific.
Neuro‐Fuzzy Kinematic Finite‐Fault Inversion: 2. Application to the Mw6.2, August/24/2016, Amatrice Earthquake
Authors: Kheirdast Navid , Ansari Anooshiravan , Custódio Susana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we validate the neuro‐fuzzy kinematic finite‐fault inversion method by studying the rupture process of the , Aug/24/2016, Amatrice, central Italy, earthquake. We jointly invert three different datasets to infer the spatio‐temporal slip distribution, namely static and high‐rate GNSS data (<= Hz) and strong‐motion data ( Hz). Each data set is used to constrain a different frequency range of the source model, depending on the sensitivity of the data set. The inferred slip shows a slow nucleation phase at shallow depths of 3–4 km, followed by a bilateral rupture that forms two asperities, one to the NW (Norcia) and another to the SE (Amatrice) of the hypocenter. Our inferred slip is compared with those previously obtained using well‐established methods. In order to select an adequate number of fuzzy basis functions, we propose two alternative procedures, which yield the same general slip features. The first approach consists of ensuring that the inverse problem is formally over‐determined and uses the same number of basis functions at all frequencies. The second approach is based on a maximum‐likelihood analysis of the model misfit and selects a different number of basis functions for each frequency. The maximum‐likelihood approach allows for more basis functions at high frequencies, where more detail in the spatial slip distribution is needed. The solution obtained with the maximum‐likelihood approach provides a more physically plausible source time function, which shows less back slip artifacts. The accurate prediction of high‐rate GNSS traces not used in the inversion attests the robustness of the inferred slip model.
Effect of Surfactant‐Assisted Wettability Alteration on Immiscible Displacement: A Microfluidic Study
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Brownlow Joshua W. , Walker Dustin L. , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrainage displacement at unfavorable viscosity ratios is often encountered in oil recovery, CO2 sequestration, and NAPL remediation, which significantly limits recovery of fluids from porous media. Surfactants have been extensively used as wettability modifiers to improve hydrocarbon recovery from rock matrix by imbibition. But little attention has been paid to the effect of surfactant‐assisted wettability alteration on displacement in non‐fractured porous media. In this study, we investigate surfactant‐assisted immiscible displacement in NAPL‐wet microfluidic chips. We find that the change of advancing contact angle by surfactant is velocity dependent. A stable displacement can be achieved at low velocity when wettability‐altering surfactant solution is used as injection fluid. In comparison, fingering occurs at all capillary numbers for water injection, resulting in low NAPL recovery. The generation of NAPL ganglion during waterflooding is significantly different from that during wettability‐altering surfactant flooding. The generation of NAPL ganglion during wettability‐altering surfactant flooding is related to velocity and saturation due to the wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction. In contrast, the production of NAPL ganglion during waterflooding is only saturation dependent. NAPL ganglia generated during wettability‐altering surfactant flooding are primarily within the pore‐size range and can be easily recovered in subsequent recovery processes. To the best of our knowledge, this study reveals for the first time the pore‐scale mechanism of surfactant‐assisted wettability on the immiscible displacement, which is important for highly efficient NAPL remediation.
Application of a Partial Convolutional Neural Network for Estimating Geostationary Aerosol Optical Depth Data
Authors: Lops Yannic , Pouyaei Arman , Choi Yunsoo , Jung Jia , Salman Ahmed Khan , Sayeed Alqamah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSatellite‐derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) is negatively impacted by cloud cover and surface reflectivity. As these issues lead to biases, they need to be discarded, which significantly increases the amount of missing data within an image. This paper presents a unique application of the partial convolutional neural network (PCNN) for imputing missing data from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) by training the PCNN model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulated AOD. The PCNN model outperforms various models and algorithms for imputing GOCI images with a significant amount of missing data (45% of the data set has at least 80% missing pixels) and distance to the nearest known pixel within the GOCI image. Once trained, the model requires significantly less processing time and fewer resources than the other models and methods. The model allows the accurate imputation of remote sensing images within significant amounts of missing data.
Large‐Scale Precipitation Systems: Essential Elements of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Chen Guiwan , Chen Shuyi S. , Ling Jian , Li Chongyin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPossible roles of large‐scale precipitation on model simulations of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) were investigated using the Large‐scale Precipitation Tracking (LPT) method. Individual LPT systems and eastward propagating MJO LPT systems were identified in both observations and 25 general circulation model (GCM) simulations. LPT systems show dominant eastward propagation over the Indian Ocean in the observation, whereas LPT systems are too stationary in GCM simulations. The MJO statistical signals in the model simulations are represented by the occurence frequencies of LPT systems with a size of ∼4–9 × 106 km2 (∼20–30° in longitude and latitude) and a strength of ∼15–18 mm d−1. Growth rate in size of LPT systems in early stage determines the size of LPT systems, which differentiates the MJO statistical signals among the GCM simulations. Comprehensive diagnostics of MJO simulations in GCMs should include both individual LPT systems as essential elements and the MJO statistical signals.
Electrical Properties of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate: Implications for Monitoring CO2 in the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone
Authors: Stern Laura A. , Constable Steven , Lu Ryan , Du Frane Wyatt L. , Roberts Jeffery J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCO2 and CH4 clathrate hydrates are of keen interest for energy and carbon cycle considerations. While both typically form on Earth as cubic structure I (sI), we find that pure CO2 hydrate exhibits over an order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity (σ) than pure CH4 hydrate at geologically relevant temperatures. The conductivity was obtained from frequency‐dependent impedance (Z) measurements made on polycrystalline CO2 hydrate (CO2·6.0 ± 0.2H2O by methods here) with 25% gas‐filled porosity, compared with CH4 hydrate (CH4·5.9H2O) formed and measured in the same apparatus and exhibiting closely matching grain characteristics. The conductivity of CO2 hydrate is 6.5 × 10−4 S/m at 273K with an activation energy (Ea) of 46.5 kJ/mol at 260–281 K, compared with ∼5 × 10−5 S/m and 34.8 kJ/m for CH4 hydrate. Equivalent circuit modeling indicates that different pathways govern conduction in CO2 versus CH4 hydrate. Results show promise for use of electromagnetic methods in monitoring CO2 hydrate formation in certain natural settings or in CO2/CH4 exchange efforts.
GRACE‐FO and ECOSTRESS Synergies Constrain Fine‐Scale Impacts on the Water Balance
Authors: Pascolini‐Campbell Madeleine , Fisher Joshua B. , Reager John T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate evapotranspiration (ET) measurement over large scales with remote sensing can contribute to effective water resource management. However, ET measurement is challenging, particularly in complex agricultural landscapes. ET calculated with the water balance method using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)/GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) missions has been found to exceed estimates from land surface models, although there has been no definitive explanation. Here, we show using high resolution ET from ECOSTRESS, that this bias is attributed to fine‐scale irrigation not captured by models but which mass conservation detects. The percentage of irrigated area scales linearly with the bias between observed and modeled ET (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.01). We estimate that irrigation accounts for 35% of ET during the irrigated summer months in arid/semi‐arid basins in North America. This study presents the synergies of using GRACE‐FO and ECOSTRESS to improve remote sensing of agricultural water use.
Characterization of Transient‐Large‐Amplitude Geomagnetic Perturbation Events
Authors: McCuen Brett A. , Moldwin Mark B. , Engebretson Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a characterization of transient‐large‐amplitude (TLA) geomagnetic disturbances that are relevant to geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). TLA events are defined as one or more short‐timescale (<60 s) dB/dt signature with magnitude ≥6 nT/s. The TLA events occurred at six stations of the Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies throughout 2015. A semi‐automated dB/dt search algorithm was developed to identify 38 TLA events in the ground magnetometer data. While TLA dB/dts do not drive GICs directly, we show that second‐timescale dB/dts often occur in relation to or within larger impulsive geomagnetic disturbances. Sudden commencements are not the main driver, rather the events are more likely to occur 30 min after a substorm onset or within a nighttime magnetic perturbation event. The characteristics of TLA events suggest localized ionospheric source currents that may play a key role in generating some extreme geomagnetic impulses that can lead to GICs.
Rupture Process of the 2020 Mw7.0 Samos Earthquake and its Effect on Surrounding Active Faults
Authors: Chousianitis Konstantinos , Konca A. Ozgun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn October 30, 2020, a Mw7.0 normal faulting earthquake struck the eastern Aegean Sea, causing casualties, and substantial damage at Samos island and Izmir province. We constrained the rupture history of the main shock by jointly inverting GPS static offsets, high‐rate GPS recordings, strong motion waveforms, and teleseismic broadband data. The results revealed that the slip distribution was dominated by a slip patch which spans a depth range of 3–13 km and occupies ∼30 km along strike. The rupture propagated toward SW and updip and the maximum slip amplitude reached 4.6 m at 7 km depth. The remarkably low aftershock productivity within the main asperity suggests a near complete stress release. Coseismic Coulomb stress changes effectively explain the entire aftershock sequence implying absence of short‐term postseismic stress transfer mechanisms. The static stress change calculations also suggest that active faults around Sıgacık and Kusadasi Bays have been brought closer to rupture.
Astrocyte reactivity with late-onset cognitive impairment assessed in vivo using 11C-BU99008 PET and its relationship with amyloid load
Authors: Calsolaro Valeria , Matthews Paul M. , Donat Cornelius K. , Livingston Nicholas R. , Femminella Grazia D. , Guedes Sandra Silva , Myers Jim , Fan Zhen , Tyacke Robin J. , Venkataraman Ashwin V. , Perneczky Robert , Gunn Roger , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Gentleman Steve , Parker Christine A. , Murphy Philip S. , Wren Paul B. , Hinz Rainer , Sastre Magdalena , Nutt David J. , Edison Paul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract11C-BU99008 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that enables selective imaging of astrocyte reactivity in vivo. To explore astrocyte reactivity associated with Alzheimer’s disease, 11 older, cognitively impaired (CI) subjects and 9 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),18F-florbetaben and11C-BU99008 PET. The 8 amyloid (Aβ)-positive CI subjects had higher11C-BU99008 uptake relative to HC across the whole brain, but particularly in frontal, temporal, medial temporal and occipital lobes. Biological parametric mapping demonstrated a positive voxel-wise neuroanatomical correlation between11C-BU99008 and18F-florbetaben. Autoradiography using3H-BU99008 withpost-mortemAlzheimer’s brains confirmed through visual assessment that increased3H-BU99008 binding localised with the astrocyte protein glial fibrillary acid protein and was not displaced by PiB or florbetaben. This proof-of-concept study provides direct evidence that11C-BU99008 can measure in vivo astrocyte reactivity in people with late-life cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Our results confirm that increased astrocyte reactivity is found particularly in cortical regions with high Aβ load. Future studies now can explore how clinical expression of disease varies with astrocyte reactivity.
Comprehensive analysis of complications after transperineal prostate biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis: results of a multicenter trial with 30 days’ follow-up
Authors: Kohl Tobias , Sigle August , Kuru Timur , Salem Johannes , Rolfs Hanjo , Kowalke Tobias , Suarez-Ibarrola Rodrigo , Michaelis Jakob , Binder Nadine , Jilg Cordula A. , Miernik Arkadiusz , Grabbert Markus T. , Schultze-Seemann W. , Gratzke Christian , Porres Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate infectious and non-infectious complications after transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) without antibiotic prophylaxis in a multicenter cohort. Secondly, to identify whether increasing the number of cores was predictive for the occurrence of complications. Thirdly, to examine the relation between TPB and erectile dysfunction.MethodsWe analyzed a retrospective multicenter cohort of 550 patients from three different urological centers undergoing TPB without antibiotic prophylaxis. The median number of cores was 26. Demographic and clinical data were extracted by reviewing patients’ electronic medical records and follow-up data such as postoperative complications obtained by structured phone interviews. To investigate the influence of the number of cores taken on the occurrence of complications, we performed univariate and multivariate mixed effects logistic regression models.ResultsThere was no case of sepsis reported. Overall, 6.0% of patients (33/550) presented with any complication besides mild macrohematuria. In all, 46/47 (98%) complications were ≤Grade 2 according to Clavien–Dindo. In multivariate regression analyses, an increased number of cores was associated with overall complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.14,P = 0.01) and specifically bleeding complications (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.50,P = 0.01) but not with infectious complications (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.10,P = 0.67). A total of 14.4% of patients referred impairment of erectile function after TPB. Of note, 98% of these men were diagnosed with prostate cancer.ConclusionsThis is the first multicenter trial to investigate complications after TPB without antibiotic prophylaxis. In our study, we found no case of sepsis. This underlines the safety advantage of TPB even without antibiotic prophylaxis and supports the ongoing initiative to abandon TRB of the prostate. A higher number of cores were associated with an increase in overall complications specifically bleeding complications, but not with infectious complications. Post-biopsy erectile dysfunction was mainly present in patients diagnosed with PCa.
Effect of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response on hypoxic death and mitochondrial protein aggregation
Authors: Yan Junyi , Sun Chun-Ling , Shin Seokyung , Van Gilst Marc , Crowder C. Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitochondria are the main oxygen consumers in cells and as such are the primary organelle affected by hypoxia. All hypoxia pathology presumably derives from the initial mitochondrial dysfunction. An early event in hypoxic pathology in C. elegans is disruption of mitochondrial proteostasis with induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitochondrial protein aggregation. Here in C. elegans, we screen through RNAis and mutants that confer either strong resistance to hypoxic cell death or strong induction of the UPRmt to determine the relationship between hypoxic cell death, UPRmt activation, and hypoxia-induced mitochondrial protein aggregation (HIMPA). We find that resistance to hypoxic cell death invariantly mitigated HIMPA. We also find that UPRmt activation invariantly mitigated HIMPA. However, UPRmt activation was neither necessary nor sufficient for resistance to hypoxic death and vice versa. We conclude that UPRmt is not necessarily hypoxia protective against cell death but does protect from mitochondrial protein aggregation, one of the early hypoxic pathologies in C. elegans.