bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Inelastic Versus Elastic Lumbosacral Orthoses on Low Back Pain Prevention in Healthy Nurses
Authors: Hu Jianzhong , Jiang Liyuan , Cao Yong , Qu Jin , Lu Hongbin 
Published: October 2021

Study Design.
A randomized controlled trial.

Objective.
To evaluate the effects of inelastic and elastic lumbosacral orthoses (LSOs) on the prevention of low back pain (LBP) in healthy nurses.

Summary of Background Data.
Over 80% of people experience LBP during their lifetime. LSOs, as a device used to maintain lumbar stability, were widely used in LBP management. The effects of inelastic LSOs (iLSOs) and elastic LSOs (eLSOs) on the prevention of LBP are controversial.

Methods.
A randomized clinical trial recruiting healthy nurses was conducted from November 2011 to June 2013 at a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 300 eligible participants aged 20 to 25 years were randomly assigned to iLSO, eLSO, or control groups. The intervention period was 6 months, and follow-ups were continued for an additional 6 months. Participants in both iLSO and eLSO groups were required to wear LSOs daily. Outcomes included the incidence of LBP, changes in trunk muscle endurance, and spinal range of motion assessed at baseline, 6months, and 12 months from the starting date. The incidence of LBP among groups was analyzed by ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, etc. were used for secondary outcomes comparison across groups.

Results.
Two hundred seventy-eight out of 300 participants (92.7%) completed the trial. No statistically significant differences were observed in LBP incidence among the three groups. No difference was observed in abdominal/back muscle endurance among groups at 6 months. In secondary outcome analysis regarding spinal range of motion, flexion and extension improved in iLSO groups at 12 months compared with that at baseline (flexion, P
= 0.01; extension, P
= 0.01), whereas only extension motion improved at 12 months in the eLSO group (P
= 0.00).

Conclusions.
Six-month wearing of LSO showed neither a significant difference in preventing LBP nor causing adverse effects to participants.

Level of Evidence: 1
Quantifying the impacts of human mobility restriction on the spread of coronavirus disease 2019: an empirical analysis from 344 cities of China
Authors: Tan Jing , Zhao Shao-Yang , Xiong Yi-Quan , Liu Chun-Rong , Huang Shi-Yao , Lu Xin , Thabane Lehana , Xie Feng , Sun Xin , Li Wei-Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), human mobility restriction measures have raised controversies, partly because of the inconsistent findings. An empirical study is promptly needed to reliably assess the causal effects of the mobility restriction. The purpose of this study was to quantify the causal effects of human mobility restriction on the spread of COVID-19.

Methods:
Our study applied the difference-in-difference (DID) model to assess the declines of population mobility at the city level, and used the log–log regression model to examine the effects of population mobility declines on the disease spread measured by cumulative or new cases of COVID-19 over time after adjusting for confounders.

Results:
The DID model showed that a continual expansion of the relative declines over time in 2020. After 4 weeks, population mobility declined by −54.81% (interquartile range, −65.50% to −43.56%). The accrued population mobility declines were associated with the significant reduction of cumulative COVID-19 cases throughout 6 weeks (ie, 1% decline of population mobility was associated with 0.72% [95% CI: 0.50%–0.93%] reduction of cumulative cases for 1 week, 1.42% 2 weeks, 1.69% 3 weeks, 1.72% 4 weeks, 1.64% 5 weeks, and 1.52% 6 weeks). The impact on the weekly new cases seemed greater in the first 4 weeks but faded thereafter. The effects on cumulative cases differed by cities of different population sizes, with greater effects seen in larger cities.

Conclusions:
Persistent population mobility restrictions are well deserved. Implementation of mobility restrictions in major cities with large population sizes may be even more important.
Economics and laboratory efficiency of atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Kowalski Marcin , Shah Rina , Akhrass Philippe , Parikh Valay 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Atrial fibrillation is a growing public health problem and is associated with an increased risk of comorbidities with enormous socioeconomic implications. This review article focuses on fiscal burden of atrial fibrillation on the healthcare system and economic value of atrial fibrillation ablations brought to the patient and the payers by improvement in outcomes and reduction in treatment costs.

Recent findings
This article summarizes the recently published studies evaluating the economic impact of atrial fibrillation treatment. Catheter ablation have shown to be the most successful strategy for treatment of defibrillation. However, repeat ablation is associated with higher costs, over and above any subsequent procedural costs, compared with a single ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation. Cryoballoon ablation has been shown to have fewer repeat ablations than radiofrequency ablations, which resulted in overall cost reduction. Improvement in laboratory efficiency, better utilization of laboratory resources and same-day discharge strategy can lead to further healthcare savings and increase in value to all stakeholders.

Summary
The value of healthcare delivery for patient with atrial fibrillation can be improved by advancement in technology that demonstrates cost reduction to the health system and outcomes improvements. Implementation of tactics that decrease cost and improve outcomes can alleviate some of the financial strain on healthcare systems, which is of extreme importance in the current climate.
Efficacy of the Systane iLux Thermal Pulsation System for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction After 1 Week and 1 Month: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schanzlin David , Owen James P. , Klein Steve , Yeh Thao N. , Merchea Mohinder M. , Bullimore Mark A. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
To assess 1-week and 1-month efficacy of Systane iLux thermal pulsation treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods:
This prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter study enrolled 30 adult patients (60 eyes) who had a Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire score greater than 6 and total meibomian gland secretion (MGS) score equal to or less than 12 in each eye. All participants received thermal pulsation treatment bilaterally. Primary efficacy measures included MGS score (sum of grades for 15 glands graded on a scale of 0–3; 0 [no secretion], 1 [inspissated], 2 [cloudy], and 3 [clear liquid]) and tear breakup time (TBUT). Secondary efficacy measures were SPEED and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 52.9±11.9 years. After 1 week, the mean MGS score improved significantly from 4.1±3.1 to 15.8±7.1 (right eye, OD) and 3.7±3.1 to 16.7±7.6 (left eye, OS); mean TBUT improved significantly from 4.9±4.1 to 8.4±3.6 (OD) and 5.2±4.2 to 8.9±3.9 (OS); and mean SPEED and OSDI scores improved significantly from 16.1±5.3 to 7.2±6.1 and 45.2±21.3 to 19.0±16.8, respectively (all P<0.001). After 1 month, the mean MGS score improved to 18.3±8.2 (OD) and 18.6±7.3 (OS); mean TBUT improved to 9.7±3.8 (OD) and 9.6±3.5 (OS); and mean SPEED and OSDI scores improved to 7.0±5.6 and 16.7±14.5, respectively (all P<0.001). No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:
Systane iLux thermal pulsation treatment for MGD resulted in a statistically significant increase in meibomian gland secretion, improvement in tear film stability, and reduction in dry eye symptoms as early as both 1 week and 1 month.
Unilateral Dry Eye Due to Possible Isolated Parasympathetic Denervation of the Lacrimal Gland in a Woman With Hypothyroidism
Authors: Singh Swati , Basu Sayan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report a unique case of unilateral neurogenic dry eye disease (DED) secondary to isolated parasympathetic denervation of the lacrimal gland along with a literature review.

Method:
This is a case report and literature review on neurogenic DED discussing its clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment options.

Results:
A 32-year-old woman with hypothyroidism presented with pain and a burning sensation in her left eye and dry nares for 1 week. Ocular examination revealed conjunctival congestion and inferior superficial punctate fluorescein staining in the left eye. Her unanesthetized Schirmer values were 24 and 01 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively, with no secretory activity noted in the left lacrimal gland on direct assessment. A detailed neurologic examination, autoimmune panel, and neuroimaging were unremarkable except for the dry left nasal cavity. She is currently using lubricants and did not consent to pilocarpine therapy. Her lacrimal gland activity was unchanged till 3 months of follow-up. The most common cause of neurogenic DED is idiopathic, followed by trauma. Pilocarpine therapy, in oral, topical, or combined form, has improved tear secretion in 63% of neurogenic DED seen in animal cohort.

Conclusions:
Unilateral neurogenic DED can occur as an isolated parasympathetic denervation of the lacrimal glands. Pilocarpine therapy has shown some efficacy in animal cohort of neurogenic DED; however, it needs to be explored for human eyes.
Retroprosthetic Membrane Formation in Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1: Incidence, Predisposing Factors, Complications, and Treatment
Authors: Khair Diana , Daoud Roy , Harissi-Dagher Mona 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, rate of formation, and risk factors of retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) after Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (BKPro) as well as identify secondary complications linked to its formation and describe its treatment.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred thirty-three eyes of 115 patients who underwent BKPro implantation at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal from 2008 to 2017 were included with at least 1-year follow-up. Charts were reviewed, and data were collected, including incidence of RPM formation, preoperative and intraoperative risk factors, postoperative complications, and treatment modalities.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 5.5 years, and 39% (n = 52) of eyes developed RPM. No etiologies were found to be significantly associated with RPM development. Simultaneous lensectomy and simultaneous intraocular lens extraction were respectively positively and negatively correlated with RPM development [odds ratio (OR): 0.3590, 95% CI: 0.1629–0.7570, P = 0.0097; OR = 2.646, 95% CI: 1.273–5.585, P = 0.0086, respectively]. As for postoperative complications, the strongest correlation was between RPM and retinal detachment (OR = 6.16, 95% CI: 2.14–16.14; P = 0.0004). RPM development was also positively associated with the development of hypotony and corneal melt. Nd:YAG membranectomy was the most common treatment, performed in 83% of eyes with RPM (n = 24), with 58% resolution.

Conclusions:
More than one third of patients who undergo BKPro will develop RPM, requiring close monitoring for retinal detachment. Simultaneous intraocular lens extraction seems protective, whereas simultaneous lens extraction increases the rate of RPM formation significantly. Nd:YAG membranectomy can be used as an initial noninvasive approach.
Nurse-Sensitive Indicators in the Care of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Bernhardt Jean M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) seek care in primary care settings where nurses support the provision of medication-assisted treatment. Office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) that includes buprenorphine hydrochloride administration under the supervision of a nurse for stabilization and maintenance therapy has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with OUD in primary care settings. However, the first step is to determine if OBOT nurses provide nurse-sensitive care, which consists of activities that have been shown to make a difference in patient outcomes. Content analysis of 368 nursing notes from 100 patients enrolled in an OBOT program in an urban hospital-based primary care clinic was conducted. Data were analyzed descriptively according to quantity and qualitatively according to the content. Entries indicative of care coordination and transition management were extracted. Seven content categories within care coordination were identified, including harm reduction, medication management, symptom management, communication between providers, promoting adherence, self-management goal setting, and patient education. Four areas within transition management were identified including supporting connections to resources, referrals for care, medication reconciliation, and communication with other facilities. Care coordination was documented more frequently than transition management. The presence of nurse-sensitive indicators provides evidence for and distinguishes the role of the nurse in OUD care.
Anisocoria Correlates With Injury Severity and Outcomes After Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nyancho Daniel , Atem Folefac D. , Venkatachalam Aardhra M. , Barnes Arianna , Hill Michelle , Traylor Jeffrey I. , Stutzman Sonja E. , Bedros Nicole , Aiyagari Venkatesh , Aoun Salah G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Automated infrared pupillometry (AIP) has been shown to be helpful in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke as an indicator of imminent irreversible brain injury. We postulated that the early detection of pupillary dysfunction after light stimulation using AIP may be useful in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the Establishing Normative Data for Pupillometer Assessment in Neuroscience Intensive Care database, a prospectively populated multicenter registry of patients who had AIP measurements taken during their intensive care unit admission. The primary eligibility criterion was a diagnosis of blunt TBI. Ordinal logistic modeling was used to explore the association between anisocoria and daily Glasgow Coma Scale scores and discharge modified Rankin Scale scores from the intensive care unit and from the hospital. RESULTS: Among 118 subjects in the who met inclusion, there were 6187 pupillometer readings. Of these, anisocoria in ambient light was present in 12.8%, and that after light stimulation was present in 9.8%. Anisocoria after light stimulation was associated with worse injury severity (odds ratio [OR], 0.26 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14–0.46]), lower discharge Glasgow Coma Scale scores (OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.17–0.45]), and lower discharge modified Rankin Scale scores (OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.17–0.47]). Anisocoria in ambient light showed a similar but weaker association. CONCLUSION: Anisocoria correlates with injury severity and with patient outcomes after blunt TBI. Anisocoria after light stimulation seems to be a stronger predictor than does anisocoria in ambient light. These findings represent continued efforts to understand pupillary changes in the setting of TBI.
Discharge Transition Experience for Lumbar Fusion Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kim Jeoung Hee , Shin Yong Soon 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Support should be provided to individuals who are ready to be discharged; however, quantitative research is lacking in understanding the challenges of postsurgery lumbar fusion patients' discharge and transition. This article delves into the in-depth experience of lumbar fusion patients with discharge transitions. METHODS: We conducted semistructured individual interviews with 11 patients who had lumbar fusion surgery at one of Korea's most equipped general hospitals. These interviews focused on the patients' discharge transition experiences. The data were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Lumbar fusion patients' experiences of discharge transition fit into 4 categories: anticipation of surgical transition, the process of transition to discharge, the difficult process of recovery, and recovery strategy. CONCLUSION: To further expedite the discharge process and make better use of cooperative hospital resources, conducting preoperative treatment planning, identifying family and social support systems, and sharing treatment procedures are all required. Furthermore, thorough health information services and step-by-step courses on predicted problems and everyday living after surgery should be considered for postoperative education. It is critical to broadening the scope of preoperative and postoperative education programs, as well as assistance for the social support system, such as the family-based support system and cooperative hospitals.
The Mindful Lawyer
Authors: Nielsen Emily G. , Minda John Paul 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
Two studies were conducted to determine whether mindfulness meditation could be an effective tool for improving well-being among legal professionals—a population plagued by high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Methods:
Study 1. Legal professionals completed questionnaires before and after an 8-week mindfulness program. Study 2. Lawyers were randomly assigned to either an experimental or waitlist condition. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the study and after experimental participants had completed a 30-day intervention.

Results:
Study 1. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, resilience, trait mindfulness, stress, anxiety, and depression over time. Study 2. Post-intervention, experimental participants reported better mood, lower levels of stress, and higher levels of non-reactivity and observing than waitlist participants.

Conclusions:
Mindfulness and meditation may effectively improve well-being among legal professionals.
Employer-Led Strategies to Improve the Value of Health Spending: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weinmeyer Richard M. , McHugh Megan , Coates Emma , Bassett Sarah , O’Dwyer Linda C. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To systematically review studies that evaluated the impact of employer-led efforts in the United States to improve the value of health spending, where employers have implemented changes to their health benefits to reduce costs while improving or maintaining quality.

Methods:
We included all studies of employer-led health benefit strategies that reported outcomes for both employer health spending and employee health outcomes.

Results:
Our search returned 44 studies of employer health benefit changes that included measures of both health spending and quality. The most promising efforts were those that lowered or eliminated cost sharing for primary care or medications for chronic illnesses. High deductible health plans with a savings option appeared less promising.

Conclusions:
More research is needed on the characteristics and contexts in which these benefit changes were implemented, and on actions that address employers’ current concerns.
Determination of Cardiovascular Risk in 56,262 Spanish Construction Workers
Authors: López-González Ángel Arturo , Riutord Sbert Pere , Arroyo Bote Sebastiana , González San Miguel Hilda , Vidal Real Carmen , Ramirez-Manent José Ignacio 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To evaluate different cardiovascular risk scales in construction workers.

Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 56,262 Spanish construction workers. Scales of obesity and fatty liver, metabolic syndrome, atherogenic indices, and cardiovascular risk scales, among others, were assessed.

Results:
In women, 19.6% were obese, 18.2% hypertensive, 12.6% had metabolic syndrome, 12% were at high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and 4.3% were at moderate or high risk on the SCORE scale. In men, 20.1% were obese, 30.1% hypertensive, 17.5% had metabolic syndrome, and 27.6% had high or moderate risk on the SCORE scale.

Conclusions:
Knowing the cardiovascular risk of a large number of construction workers by means of a large number of scales may be of great interest to occupational health professionals, as it may enable them to establish prevention strategies.
What Are Work-Related Predictors of Post-COVID-19 Home and Family Work Roles? A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Dabbagh Armaghan , Seens Hoda , Fraser James , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To determine the extent to which pre-and post-COVID-19 work-related factors can explain post-COVID-19 home and family work roles.

Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional survey. The primary outcome measure was the Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaire. Descriptive statistical methods and multiple regression analyses were run. The significant predictors were further probed in a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with a Tukey posthoc correction.

Results:
In our sample of 1447 participants, the two significant predictors of post-COVID-19 home and family work roles were pre-pandemic paid job status (F [3, 1401] = 5.66, P < 0.001), and pre-COVID-19 home and family work roles (F [1, 1401] = 2509.26, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Greater pre-pandemic home and family role responsibilities, full-time and part-time employment pre-COVID-19 were associated with greater post-COVID-19 home and family responsibilities.
COVID-19 Prevalence and Prevention Behaviors Among US Certified Organic Producers
Authors: Rosero Daisy V. , Soto Mas Francisco , Sebastian Rachel , Guldan Steve , Casanova Vanessa , Nervi Laura 
Published: October 2021

Objective:There is a scarcity of data on the impact of the pandemic in farmers.Methods:Cross-sectional survey of certified organic producers through a 28-item self-reported paper or electronic survey. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbachαto measure the internal consistency of a six-item prevention scale, and correlation and regression analyses.Results:A total of 344 records were computed. Infection rate among producers was 6.4%. Sex and farm size were the most statistically significant predictors of prevention behaviors. Women reported more use of prevention methods (β = 0.333,P < 0.001) and those with 50 or more certified organic acres reporting less use of prevention methods (β = –0.228,P < 0.001). Mask wearing was significantly related to lower COVID-19 prevalence.Conclusions:Determining prevalence and understanding how farmers follow prevention behaviors is essential for health care and public health interventions and policies.