bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mantle rocks in East Antarctica
Authors: Foley Stephen F. , Andronikov Alexandre V. , Halpin Jacqueline A. , Daczko Nathan R. , Jacob Dorrit E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Only three localities of mantle xenoliths are known from all of East Antarctica, occurring at the Jetty Peninsula (Lambert–Amery Rift), Vestfold Hills and Gaussberg volcano. The latter two are spinel-facies peridotites, whereas the Jetty Peninsula rocks also include garnet-spinel lherzolites; all come from Indo-Antarctica. The mantle xenoliths of Jetty Peninsula and Vestfold Hills contain abundant geochemical and mineralogical evidence for multiple enrichment events that are attributed to infiltration of melts and their fluid products. Many of these episodes are spatially related to precursory activity along major trans-lithospheric structures that eventually led to the separation of India from Antarctica. Mantle rocks also occur at Schirmacher Oasis (Dronning Maud Land) and Haskard Highlands (Shackleton Ranges) as blocks tectonically emplaced in high-grade crustal rocks. These show varying degrees of alteration due to reaction with silicic crustal rocks or hydrous fluids: none correspond to unchanged mantle compositions. Geophysical surveys are our only information on the mantle lithosphere beneath the inland ice, and these can be used to infer the locations of thicker lithosphere probably related to cratons by southward extrapolation of coastal geological correlations. Intense local modification of the mantle lithosphere by melt infiltration and fluid movements may influence the large-scale images derived from geophysical data, and may be incorrectly interpreted as homogeneous compositions.
Indexing Highly Repetitive String Collections, Part II
Authors: Navarro Gonzalo 
Published: February 2021

Two decades ago, a breakthrough in indexing string collections made it possible to represent them within their compressed space while at the same time offering indexed search functionalities. As this new technology permeated through applications like bioinformatics, the string collections experienced a growth that outperforms Moore’s Law and challenges our ability of handling them even in compressed form. It turns out, fortunately, that many of these rapidly growing string collections are highly repetitive, so that their information content is orders of magnitude lower than their plain size. The statistical compression methods used for classical collections, however, are blind to this repetitiveness, and therefore a new set of techniques has been developed to properly exploit it. The resulting indexes form a new generation of data structures able to handle the huge repetitive string collections that we are facing. In this survey, formed by two parts, we cover the algorithmic developments that have led to these data structures.In this second part, we describe the fundamental algorithmic ideas and data structures that form the base of all the existing indexes, and the various concrete structures that have been proposed, comparing them both in theoretical and practical aspects, and uncovering some new combinations. We conclude with the current challenges in this fascinating field.
Gretch
Authors: Kaushik Anirudh Mohan , Pekhimenko Gennady , Patel Hiren 
Published: February 2021

Data-dependent memory accesses (DDAs) pose an important challenge for high-performance graph analytics (GA). This is because such memory accesses do not exhibit enough temporal and spatial locality resulting in low cache performance. Prior efforts that focused on improving the performance of DDAs for GA are not applicable across various GA frameworks. This is because (1) they only focus on one particular graph representation, and (2) they require workload changes to communicate specific information to the hardware for their effective operation.
In this work, we propose a hardware-only solution to improving the performance of DDAs for GA across multiple GA frameworks. We present a hardware prefetcher for GA called Gretch, that addresses the above limitations. An important observation we make is that identifying certain DDAs without hardware-software communication is sensitive to the instruction scheduling. A key contribution of this work is a hardware mechanism that activates Gretch to identify DDAs when using either in-order or out-of-order instruction scheduling. Our evaluation shows that Gretch provides an average speedup of 38% over no prefetching, 25% over conventional stride prefetcher, and outperforms prior DDAs prefetchers by 22% with only 1% increase in power consumption when executed on different GA workloads and frameworks.
NSF AI institute for research on trustworthy ai in weather, climate, and coastal oceanography
Authors: McGovern Amy 
Published: February 2021

NSF AI Institutes
In 2019, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched a new national investment in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create a network of national AI institutes. Each institute will serve as a nexus of collaboration to create next-generation theory and applications of AI and to work synergistically with academia and industry. In the fall of 2020, NSF announced 5 new NSF AI institutes and 2 additional institutes funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). Each institute is funded for approximately $20M over 5 years to make significant advances in foundational and applied AI research.
Comparison of Blood and Tissue Eosinophil Count and Blood IgE in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyps
Authors: Asghari Masoud , Izadpanahi Shadi , Esfahani Mina Heidari 
Published: February 2021

Background. The inflammatory mucosa of the sinus cavities is called sinusitis and is divided into various types based on its appearance and sign. Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory-infectious disease that involves the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses. Chronic sinusitis is a multifactorial disease and the range of causes varies from environmental factors to genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to compare blood and tissue eosinophils and serum IgE levels in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp in Vali-e-Asr hospital in 1397. Methods. In this descriptive-analytical study, the population under study included those with chronic sinusitis referred to Birjand Valiasr Hospital in 1397.3 cc of blood samples were taken 1 day before surgery to evaluate eosinophil counts and serum IgE levels. Also, samples taken from patients during surgery were counted, and then, 100 cells were counted, and eosinophil counts and percentages were calculated. The data were entered into the SPSS software after data collection. Results. This study was performed on 70 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis which included 43 men (61.4%) and 27 women (38.6%) with mean age of

39.11
±
13

13.72

years. There was no significant difference between sex of patients and mean serum IgE level (

P
<
0.05

). The mean percentage of eosinophils in blood samples and tissues of patients with chronic sinusitis was significantly increased with the increase in CT scan (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. Tissue or blood eosinophilia was not observed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Also, the mean eosinophil percentage of blood and tissue increased significantly in patients with increased scanning computed tomography (

P
<
0.05

).
Acupuncture at Back-Shu and Front-Mu Acupoints Prevents Gastric Ulcer by Regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Li , Zang Hao , Jiang Yang , Zhang Yue , Mu Shuangshuang , Cao Jiazhen , Qu Ying , Wang Zhaohui , Qi Wei 
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To assess the preventive effects of acupuncture at back-shu and front-mu acupoints on rats with restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS)-induced gastric ulcer. Methods. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups for 10 days of treatment as follows: the normal group received no treatment; the model group received RWIS-induced gastric ulcer; the omeprazole group was administered omeprazole orally every 2 days; and the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at the RN12 and BL21 acupoints every 2 days. After 10 days of treatment, except for the normal group, all rats were induced with gastric ulcer by RWIS for 3 h. The ulcer index (UI), ulcer inhibition rate, and histopathological score were calculated. We determined the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum, and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum and gastric tissues. Protein expression of MyD88, nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65), and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was quantified in gastric tissues. Results. The electroacupuncture and omeprazole groups were equivalent in terms of UI, ulcer inhibition rate, and histopathological score. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the electroacupuncture group compared with the omeprazole group (

P

< 0.05). Compared with the model group, there were significant changes in the levels of NO, MPO, GSH-Px, and MDA in all other groups, while the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 in gastric tissue decreased significantly in the electroacupuncture group. The expression of TLR4 was substantially lower in the electroacupuncture group compared with the omeprazole group. Conclusion. Acupuncture at back-shu and front-mu acupoints played a role in preventing gastric ulcer by inhibiting extracellular signals, stimulating kinases in serum and gastric tissues, and activating the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Anchor Movement Strategy for Conjecture Geometry Based Localization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kapase Niraj Bhupal , Salgar Santosh P , Patil Mahesh K , Zirmite Prashant P 
Published: February 2021

<p class="Abstract"><em>Abstract</em>—Localization of sensor node with least error is one of the major concern in wireless sensor network as some of the application require sensor node to know their location with high degree of precision. For mobile anchor based localization many of the path planning schemes already developed which includes scan, double scan, Circles &amp; S- Curves. These path planning schemes have some limitations like localization error, Number of sensor nodes covered in the network, Trajectory length of mobile anchor node. This paper represents anchor movement strategy which is based on Scan path, with modifications are made in such a way that it satisfies the requirements of localization scheme. This movement strategy ensures that trajectory of mobile anchor node will minimize localization error and also will cover majority of sensor node in the environment. The localization error yielded by Modified Scan algorithm is in the range of 0.2 to 0.4m which is quite lower than the other existing mentioned path planning strategies producing localization error in the range 0.6 to 1.8m</p><p class="keywords">Keywords—Localization; Mobile anchor node; Wireless sensor network; Modified Scan algorithm</p>
Fuzzy neuro-genetic approach for feature selection and image classification in augmented reality systems
Authors: Thilahar C. Rajendra , R. Sivaramakrishnan 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a new approach for implementing an Augmented Reality system by applying fuzzy genetic neural networks is proposed. It consists of two components namely feature selection and classification modules. For feature detection, extraction and selection, the proposed model uses a fuzzy logic based incremental feature selection algorithm which has been proposed in this work in order to recognize the important features from 3D images. Moreover, this paper explains the implementation and results of the proposed algorithms for an Augmented Reality system using image recognition, feature extraction, feature selection and classification by considering the global and local features of the images. For this purpose, we propose a three layer fuzzy neural network that has been implemented based on weight adjustments using fuzzy rules in the convolutional neural networks with genetic algorithm for effective optimization of rules. The classification algorithm is also based on fuzzy neuro-genetic approach which consists of two phases namely Training phase and testing phase. During the training phase, rules are formed based on objects and these rules are applied during the testing phase for recognizing the objects which can be used in robotics for effective object recognition. From the experiments conducted in this work, it is proved that the proposed model is more accurate in 3D <br /> object recognition.
The SITS Open Study
Authors: Ahmed Niaz , Lees Kennedy R. , von Kummer Rudiger , Holmin Staffan , Escudero-Martinez Irene , Bottai Matteo , Jansen Olav , Wahlgren Nils , De Vito Alessandro , Consoli Domenico , Müller-Hülsbeck Stefan , Mustanoja Satu , Karlsson Jan-Erik , Rentzos Alexander , Moreira Tiago , Krespi Yakup , Poli Sven , Mangiafico Salvatore , Grewski Elke , Nunes Ana Paiva , Fragata Isabel , Krause Lars , Vanhooren Geert , Tveiten Arnstein , Weimar Christian , Petzold Gabor , Langner Sönke , Vasconcelos e Castro de Freitas Rafael L , Aguilar M. , Castellan Lucio , Chembala Jayan , Günther Albrecht , Danielsson Bo 
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
We designed SITS (Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke) Open to determine benefit and safety of thrombectomy in clinical practice for large artery occlusion stroke, using selected stent retrievers plus standard care versus standard care alone.

Methods:
SITS Open was a prospective, open, blinded evaluation, international, multicenter, controlled, nonrandomized registry study. Centers lacking access to thrombectomy contributed controls. Primary end point was categorical shift in modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months in the per protocol (PP) population. Principal secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, functional independency (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) and death at 3 months. Patients independently evaluated by video-recorded modified Rankin Scale interviews blinded to treatment or center identity by central core laboratory were regarded as PP population. Propensity score matching with covariate adjusted analysis was performed.

Results:

During 2014 to 2017, 293 patients (257 thrombectomy, 36 control) from 26 centers in 10 countries fulfilled intention-to-treat and 200 (170 thrombectomy, 30 control) PP criteria; enrollment of controls was limited by rapid uptake of thrombectomy. In PP analysis, median age was 71 versus 71 years, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 17 versus 17 in the thrombectomy and control arms, respectively. The propensity score matching analysis for PP showed a significant shift for modified Rankin Scale at 3 months favoring the thrombectomy group (odds ratio, 3.8 [95% CI, 1.61–8.95];
P
=0.002). Regarding safety, there were 4 cases of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the thrombectomy group (2.4%) and none in the control group.

Conclusions:
In clinical practice, thrombectomy for patients with large artery occlusion stroke is superior to standard of care in our study.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT02326428.
Which aspects of the Open Science agenda are most relevant to scientometric research and publishing? An opinion paper
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Guns Raf , Thelwall Michael , Wolfram Dietmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOpen Science is an umbrella term that encompasses many recommendations for possible changes in research practices, management, and publishing with the objective to increase transparency and accessibility. This has become an important science policy issue that all disciplines should consider. Many Open Science recommendations may be valuable for the further development of research and publishing, but not all are relevant to all fields. This opinion paper considers the aspects of Open Science that are most relevant for scientometricians, discussing how they can be usefully applied.
Emergency Cricothyrotomy: A 10-Year Single Institution Experience
Authors: Moroco Annie E. , Armen Scott B. , Goldenberg David 
Published: February 2021

Background With recent technological advances reducing the demand for emergent surgical airway placement, surgeons are less often performing this life-saving procedure. We sought to assess the characteristics and outcomes surrounding patients undergoing modern emergent cricothyrotomy. Methods A retrospective case series was performed between January 2010 and January 2020 at a single tertiary academic level 1 trauma center. Patients who underwent tracheostomy (CPT 31600, 31601) within 48 hours of admission or listed in the trauma registry were queried. Charts were individually reviewed to identify patients with cricothyrotomy. Demographic, operative and relevant hospital course data were collected. Results A total of 1642 patients were identified with 12 of those found to have met inclusion criteria. The population was mostly male (91.7%) with an average age of 43 years and average body mass index of 30. Survival rate of patients was 75%. A total of 7 patients (58%) had appropriate anatomical placement of cricothyrotomy. Of those patients, 75% were performed by Trauma Surgery. Of the 5 patients with misplaced cricothyrotomy, all were male, with an average age and body mass index of 36 years and 25, respectively. Procedures were performed by prehospital personnel (20%), referring hospital (20%), and Trauma Surgery (60%). Discussion Cricothyrotomy remains a vital tool in the successful management of emergent airway access. The most common complication observed was improper anatomical placement, which occurred in nearly half of patients. Trauma surgeons perform 75% of cricothyrotomies, with an anatomical accuracy rate of 66.7%.
The change of administrative capacity in Korea: contemporary trends and lessons
Authors: Ko Kilkon , Park Hyun Hee , Shim Dong Chul , Kim Kyungdong 
Published: February 2021

This article empirically explores the understanding and changes in the concept of administrative capacity in the Korean context. Despite a universal consensus on its importance, administrative capacity is defined differently by regimes and stakeholders (i.e. in this study: the public, members of the National Assembly, and academia). To improve our understanding of administrative capacity, we collected three types of texts (337 academic papers, 1470 National Assembly minutes, and 3316 newspaper articles from 2000 to 2019) and analyzed the data using topic modeling and text-network analysis methods. The results suggest that although academic articles emphasized leadership, manpower, education, and other policymaking capacities, the National Assembly stressed innovation capacity in solving different policy problems. Finally, the media, assumed to reflect public opinion, emphasized capacities related to national security. Points for practitioners This study suggests that different types of administrative capacities could be needed according to the developmental stage of states. While managerial and administrative capacity should be developed in countries pursuing state-led economic development, governance capacity could be more requested in countries facing demands for democratization and meeting citizens’ various needs and participation.
An Analysis of Data Collection Tools Used When Completing Functional Vision Assessments
Authors: Kaiser Justin T. , Herzberg Tina S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: This study analyzed 39 data collection tools used by teachers of students with visual impairments when completing functional vision assessments (FVAs). Methods: In 2017, teachers of students with visual impairments submitted data collection tools used in the FVA process. These tools were then compared with the 23 FVA components suggested by two established resources, Erin and Paul and D’Andrea and Farrenkopf. Results: The most commonly assessed skills and abilities were near visual acuity, distance visual acuity, and color perception. Only five of the submitted data collection tools contained at least 80% of the FVA components identified by the established resources. Fewer than 25% of the tools incorporated an orientation and mobility (O&M) screening. Discussion: There was considerable variation in the background information, medical data, and visual skills information that was collected. Variability in the data collected during the FVA process may impact a teacher’s recommendations, including referrals for specialized evaluations such as O&M and clinical low vision evaluations. Implications for practitioners: Since FVA reports are used by Individualized Education Program teams, it is essential that data collection tools used during the assessment process are complete and address key areas such as near visual acuity and color perception. Teachers should carefully review their tools to determine whether the data collected are sufficient to make informed recommendations regarding accommodations, goals, and referrals. If the data collected are not sufficient, then the tools should be revised or additional data should be collected.
COVID-19 and the temporary transformation of the UK social security system
Authors: Machin Richard 
Published: February 2021

This commentary discusses the implications of the changes made to the social security system by the UK government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government did not veer from its programme of welfare reform. However, emergency legislation made significant concessions including: an increase in the value of the UK’s main means-tested benefit Universal Credit, more favourable eligibility rules for the self-employed, a reduced conditionality regime, and an increase in the level of housing support. This paper argues that although the UK government’s COVID-19 social security response was necessary, it did not go far enough. A temporary lifting of some prejudicial elements of the social security system was welcome but this still leaves an overly complex system characterised by unacceptable delays in payment, inadequate support for many vulnerable groups, and inconsistent experiences for recipients of different benefits.