bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopharmaceutical and rheometric studies in the development of a gel composition with dimethindene maleate
Authors: Popova Tetiana , Kukhtenko Halyna , Bevz Nataliia , Kukhtenko Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

Every year there is an increase in the number of cases of hypersensitivity to bites from various insects. A local allergic reaction to bites occurs within a few minutes and is accompanied by acute pain at the site of the bite, severe itching, hyperemia, the appearance of papules, tissue edema, and sometimes a small-point rash around. Considering the small number of drugs for local therapy of allergic manifestations and the unidirectional nature of their action, it is urgent to develop a drug containing the antihistamine dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol, which plays the role of an anti-inflammatory, reparative and dermatoprotective substance.
The aim. The aim of the study is to substantiate the delivery system of dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol based on biopharmaceutical and rheometric research methods.
Materials and methods. To determine the component composition of the active ingredient delivery system, the type of dimetindene maleate administration was substantiated by studying its solubility. As a delivery system for active pharmaceutical ingredients, hydrogels were considered, which were made using high-molecular compounds of various origins: a natural substance – xanthan gum, a semi-synthetic substance – gyroxypropyl methylcellulose, and a synthetic substance – carbomer. The rate of release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels was estimated by studying the kinetics of release through a semipermeable membrane. The assessment of the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels was carried out by performing an oscillatory rheometry test, which makes it possible to quantitatively determine the viscous and elastic components, as well as to characterize the bioadhesive properties.
Results. Based on the results of studying the solubility of dimethindene maleate in hydrophilic non-aqueous solvents, it was determined that propylene glycol is optimal for ensuring the introduction of a substance into hydrogel bases as a solution. As a result of studying the kinetics of the release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels, it was found that the use of carbomer as a delivery system provides the release of 28.33 % of dimethindene maleate, xanthan gum – 25 %, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose – 7.33 %. When studying the viscoelastic properties by determining the values ​​of the storage modulus G', the loss modulus G" and the damping (attenuation) factor tg δ, it was found that the carbomer-based hydrogel is a viscoelastic solid, the xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based hydrogels are a viscoelastic liquid. Bioadhesion on the surface of the skin during use has the advantage of carbomer hydrogel.
Conclusions. Based on the combination of biopharmaceutical and rheometric methods for substantiating the composition of the delivery system for dimetindene maleate and dexpanthenol, it is rational to use carbomer for further pharmacological and microbiological studies
A novel comparative chromatographic research of secoiridoid glycosides in two species of centaury herb
Authors: Gubar Svitlana , Materiienko Anna , Ivanauskas Liudas , Mishchenko Volodymyr , Vasylieva Olha , Georgiyants Victoriya 
Published: July 2021

The aim: A novel comparative analysis of the secoiridoid glycosides composition in Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Cеntaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce has being described. Swertiamarin has been chosen as an active marker and its comparative quantitative estimation in two species of the raw material has been carried out by HPLC method.
Materials and methods: The quantitative HPLC analysis of swertiamarin was conducted using a chromatographic column ACE 5 C18. Methanol and 0,5 % acetic acid aqueous solution were used as mobile phases; the chromatographic procedure was carried out in a gradient mode.
Results: The content of swertiamarin in the C. pulchellum herb ranges from 2.51 to 3.07 mg/100 mg. In that time swertiamarin content in C. erythraea herb varies and depends from 3.83 to 8.94 mg/100 mg. The content of swertiamarin in C. pulchellum herb is much lower than in C. erythraea herb. Taking into account this fact the possibility of using of C. pulchellum herb for medicine instead of C. erythraea herb must be proven additionally by biological experiments. Also it could be preliminary concluded that the most appropriate climate for swertiamarin accumulation in C. erythraea herb is located in Central and Eastern parts of Ukraine.
Conclusions: It was discovered that the main representative of secoiridoid glycosides in C. erythraea is swertiamarin when in C. pulchellum Druce that are represented by both sweroside and swertiamarin. A more perspective raw material – C. erythraea herb, according to the content of swertiamarin, was chosen
Substantiation of an approach to determination of ketoprofen macrogol 400 esters
Authors: Bezuglaya Elena , Zinchenko Igor , Lyapunov Nikolay , Vlasenko Hanna , Musatov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

The aim. The work is concerned with the substantiation of the approach to the identification and quantitative determination of ketoprofen macrogol 400 esters.
Materials and methods. Ketoprofen, macrogol 400, ketoprofen macrogol 400 ester (KM400E), as well as model cream-gels were studied by the following methods: absorption spectrophotometry ultraviolet (UV) and visible, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), GC / mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and thermogravimetry.
Results. It was found by GC and GC / mass spectrometry that the average molecular mass (Mr) of the test macrogol 400 is 383.50 and it contains oligomers with molecular masses from 150.17 to 546.65. KM400E, which is a mixture of esters of ketoprofen with macrogol oligomers, was synthesized. The formed esters were characterized by 1H NMR spectra. It was shown that the ratio of the average molecular mass of KM400E, calculated for monoesters, and the molecular mass of ketoprofen corresponds to the ratio of specific absorbances of solutions of ketoprofen and solutions of KM400E, this fact indicated the formation of monoesters. Taking into account the risk of variability of the fractional composition of macrogol 400 in different batches, it is advisable to quantify KM400E using ketoprofen reference standard (RS) and not KM400E RS. Using HPLC with diode array detection the peak of KM400E should be identified by the UV absorption spectrum with λmax≈255 nm, which is characteristic for ketoprofen, and the relative retention time (RRt) of the peak; KM400E should be quantified by the content of ketoprofen in this impurity.
During storage of model cream-gels the content of KM400E impurity is significantly lower than the content of ketoprofen propylene glycol ester (mixture of isomers).
Conclusions. The approach to the identification and quantitative determination of KM400E is substantiated. The analytical procedure for determination of KM400E impurity by HPLC with a diode array detection using ketoprofen RS was developed. Correctness of the procedure was proved by the results of the validation studies.
Determination of toxicological characteristics of a complex antiemeric drug based on maduramycin and nicarbazine
Authors: Dotsenko Roman , Vashchyk Yevheniia , Zakhariev Andriy , Zemlianskyi Andrii , Dotsenko Ekaterina , Seliukova Nataliia 
Published: July 2021

The aim: to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of the preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine for white mice, white rats and guinea pigs with a single oral administration.
Materials and methods. Determination of acute toxicity of the formulation by oral administration was performed on 48 adult male mice, 48 adult nonlinear male rats, 48 adult male guinea pigs. To conduct an experiment on the principle analogues were formed seven experimental and one control group, 6 animal each. The dose of the formulation was calculated individually based on body weight values. It should be noted that the total volume of the emulsion of the formulation administered orally is not exceeded 1.0 cm3per 100 gram b. w.
Results. Toxicometric parameters of the formulation were calculated by the method of least squares for probit analysis of mortality curves. It was found that the LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white mice for a single oral administration is 238.05±28.08 mg/kg, LD16 – 128.71 mg/kg, LD84 – 347.39 mg/kg, LD100 - 402, 06 mg/kg body weight, respectively.
LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white rats with a single oral administration is 260.51±28.83 mg/kg, LD16 – 148.39 mg/kg, LD84 – 372.65 mg/kg, LD100 – 428.71 mg/kg body weight, respectively.
LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for guinea pigs for a single oral administration is 275±21.12 mg/kg, LD16 – 201.74 mg/kg, LD84 – 348.25 mg/kg, LD100 – 384.88 mg/kg body weight body respectively.
Conclusions. According to SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011 "Veterinary drugs. Determination of acute toxicity” preparative form of a complex antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the degree of toxicity can be attributed to moderately dangerous substances (3rd hazard class)
Study of the influence of the housing on the cooling efficiency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic Langevin-type transducer
Authors: Pershevska Liudmyla , Drozdenko Oleksandr , Drozdenko Kateryna , Leiko Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is thermal processes in Langevin-type piezoceramic electroacoustic transducers (PET), taking into account the housing. The piezoceramic electroacoustic transducers heat up during operation. Overheating of the converter leads to negative consequences, accompanied by a change in the parameters, characteristics of the device, as well as the failure of the converter. Or limitation on the duration and mode of operation, output power, current, amplitude and speed of oscillation of the converter.
The paper investigates the effect of the housing on the temperature field of a Langevin-type PET by the finite element method, using modeling in SolidWorks. The results of temperature reduction of such cooling methods are shown:
– filling the housing cavity with electrical insulating liquid, gas, a mixture of thermal paste;
– use of holes in the housing;
– changing the shape of the rear cover to have radiator side fins, vertical radiator fins, cylindrical radiator fins;
– heat-resistant layer;
– use of active air cooling at three different speeds.
The most efficient 53 % and a uniform temperature field were found when filling with a mixture of thermal paste, but this solution is accompanied by additional experiments and a preparatory stage with the mixture. The cooling efficiency of 47 % was provided by active cooling – blowing with air, and this method requires additional equipment. Filling with insulating liquid gave a cooling efficiency of 27 % – an optimal result that does not require expensive investments. Slow blowing of the housing or adding only holes resulted in a decrease in the maximum heating temperature from 10 to 20 %, therefore, if the PET design allows the presence of holes, then it is necessary to rationally place them. Changing the shape of the back plate, heat-absorbing element, filling the housing with gas gave an efficiency decrease in the maximum temperature by 6–8 % compared to a closed housing with air.
The research results make it possible to choose the optimal option for reducing the heating temperature of the Langevin-type PET to increase its efficiency and long-term trouble-free operation.
Influence of bus service downtime in the transport interchange on the duration of inter-route transfer of passengers
Authors: Markevych Andrii , Vdovychenko Volodymyr , Ivanov Igor 
Published: July 2021

The object of the study is the effect of the downtime of vehicles at stopping points on the duration of the route between passengers within the transport hub. As a controllable parameter that determines the conditions for synchronizing the presence of vehicles at stopping points and reproduces the characteristic effect on the weighted average time spent by passengers in transport hubs, the time of additional service downtime of vehicles is allocated. The simulation modeling and processing of the results obtained made it possible to establish the characteristic patterns of changes in the time spent by passengers in transport hubs for two types of routes with different volumes of passenger arrivals, the proportion of inter-route transfers and the interval of movement. It was found that for routes with scheduled arrivals more than 40 passengers and the specific gravity of inter-route transfers up to 45 %, the introduction of additional service downtime does not allow a positive effect on the duration of the stay of passengers in transport hubs. The implementation of service downtime is advisable for routes with an average volume of regular arrivals of passengers (up to 40 passengers) and a specific weight of inter-route transfers of more than 45 %. For such conditions, the regularities are described by a third-degree polynomial with the available characteristic period, which minimizes the function of the time spent by passengers. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, it has been established that for routes with a specific gravity of a change from 45 % to 59 %, it is advisable to have a service downtime in the range of 1 minute up to 3 minutes, and for routes with a transfer rate of more than 59 % – within 2 minutes up to 5 minutes. The use of service downtime will increase the effectiveness of the synchronization of inter-route transfers in conditions of stochastic traffic and reduce the time spent by passengers in the transport interchange hub by 0.9–3.9 minutes (14–38 %) in comparison with the existing organization of interaction between the subjects of the route flow.
Analysis of the pectin extraction process at recycling of secondary material resources
Authors: Chabanova Oksana , Bondar Sergii , Kotliar Yevhenii , Nedobiychuk Tatiana , Verkhivker Yakiv 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is the secondary material resources of processing plant and animal raw materials, namely fruit pomace and milk whey. One of the most problematic areas is that the waste of these industries has high rates of biological and chemical oxygen consumption of wastewater, which significantly impairs the operation of local and city treatment facilities. In addition, the parameters of extraction and determination of the quality indicators of the obtained product are not well defined. The processing of whey and pomace of fruit crops can reduce the environmental burden on the environment and increase the efficiency of technological processes through resource conservation and obtaining a surplus product. The problem is solved, in particular, by using the process of extracting plant waste using milk whey and the process of energy-saving membrane concentration.
In the course of the study, let’s use pectin-containing plant waste from juice production, namely watermelon, pumpkin, quince, beetroot, apple and a mixture of orange and tangerine pomace. The results obtained indicate that the process of extracting apple pomace with milk whey is promising, since the highest pectin content in the extract is established for apple pomace. The main amount of pectin substances passes into the extract starting from 75 minutes to 90 minutes. Extraction-hydrolysis for 2 hours at a temperature of 85 °C, pH=2–2.5 units determines the best results. Ultrafiltration of the obtained extract makes it possible to increase the pectin content up to 3.0 % with a protein content of more than 6.0 %. The membranes used in the experiment are characterized by high selectivity for protein and pectin. The fact is established that diafiltration makes it possible to effectively purify whey-pectin concentrates from ballast impurities with simultaneous enrichment of the concentrate with high-molecular components of whey. A technological scheme for the production of pectin-whey concentrate with high organoleptic and detoxification characteristics is proposed. The proposed technological process has a number of positive features, in particular, a high content of pectin substances, high value indicators, a significant reduction in the burden on the environment, economic benefits through energy conservation and obtaining a surplus product.
Transport modeling in the development of a complex transport scheme on the example of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine)
Authors: Humeniuk Oleksandra , Shapovalov Oleksij 
Published: July 2021

The object of research is a complex transport scheme using the example of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine). The comprehensive transport scheme of the city of Kyiv provides for a variant design of the city’s transport system. In transport planning and design, for a qualitative assessment of planning decisions, predictive transport models of cities are most often used, which describe the macroscopic parameters of the traffic flow. The proposed options were tested on a transport model. The main task of this model is the modeling of transport correspondence, where the volume of traffic by public transport is about 80-90 % of the total volume of traffic. For this, a model was developed, with the help of which the level of loading of the main network, the volume of transport work, and the total number of passengers carried by public transport were analyzed. When choosing the optimal option, let’s took into account such parameters as the average speed of the traffic flow, general transport delays, and the total number of passengers transported by public transport. As well as the average distance of travel, the average time for the implementation of transport correspondence on public transport, the cost of unproductive loss of time by residents of the city, and so on.
Based on the results of transport modeling, the optimal option for the development of the city’s transport system was selected, which provides for the completion of the construction of existing road transport infrastructure facilities, the construction and development of the backbone network, systems outside the street rail transport, and optimization of the public transport route network. The complex transport scheme of the city of Kyiv, which was created using modern technologies in the field of transport modeling, allows to analyze and determine the effectiveness of the implementation of various measures for the development of the city’s transport infrastructure. Transport modeling has shown the feasibility of providing initial data for the feasibility study of investment projects, the arrangement of road transport infrastructure facilities, the improvement of traffic management schemes, the arrangement of new public transport routes.
Risco Ambiental Urbano : consequência do descarte irregular de resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Pires do Rio (GO)
Authors: Alves Paulo jean pereira 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como temática os Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSUs) e considerações a respeito de determinados riscos ambientais perceptíveis que os resíduos sólidos potencializam em fragmentos do ambiente urbano. A criação das cidades e a crescente ampliação das áreas urbanas têm contribuído para o aumento de RSUs e como consequência os riscos ambientais urbanos, objetivando diagnosticar áreas de riscos ambientais oriunda do descarte irregular de RSUs em bairros da cidade de Pires do Rio(GO).
Le foncier comme révélateur de l’inégalité croissante de la distribution des facteurs de production au Vietnam
Authors: Fanchette Sylvie 
Published: July 2021

Depuis 1986, le gouvernement vietnamien a entrepris de nombreuses réformes pour relancer son économie en pleine crise. Il cherche à créer un marché foncier accessible aux investisseurs privés étrangers et nationaux pour mettre en œuvre ses projets urbains et industriels. Après plusieurs décennies d’équité foncière théorique, les inégalités d’accès au foncier agricole et productif sont source de conflits et de contestations de la part des villageois envers les autorités locales, les promoteurs immobiliers et les investisseurs. Ce texte se propose d’analyser en quoi les politiques néo-libérales de mise en concurrence des espaces et les dynamiques locales d’accaparement des terres, des différents acteurs paysans, investisseurs et collectivités dans le Vietnam contemporain sont sources d’inégalités sociales, notamment celle de la distribution du facteur de production capital qu’est la terre constructible. Celles-ci se déclinent en trois dimensions : les inégalités foncières non agricoles, les bénéfices de la plus-value foncière et la participation aux décisions d’aménagement de leur territoire.

Dans une première partie, nous présenterons les différents types de conflits à l’œuvre dans la périphérie de la capitale Hanoï et à Bac Ninh, au nord du pays, deux provinces où les projets industriels et immobiliers sont très nombreux. Puis nous aborderons les différentes étapes de la montée des inégalités foncières dans les campagnes depuis la décollectivisation de l’économie. Enfin, nous présenterons en quoi les intérêts et les représentations divergents pour le foncier des acteurs sont sources de conflits à travers quelques tentatives menées par les habitants de plusieurs villages pour accéder au foncier non agricole.
On two characteristic frequencies of acceleration spectra: Patch corner frequency andfmax
Authors: Papageorgiou Apostolos S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examine two issues related to the radiation of tectonic earthquake sources: (i) the complexity of the shape of observed source spectra, and (ii) the effect of recording site characteristics on the cut-off frequency fmax of acceleration spectra beyond which spectral amplitudes diminish sharply.We compute the far-field spectra of the 1979 Imperial Valley and the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquakes from the slip functions that were inferred from detailed inversion studies of strong motion and teleseismic data of these two California strike-slip events. These spectra, along with data from the 1983 Central Japan Sea earthquake sequence (main shock and aftershocks), demonstrate the existence of the so-called patch corner frequency, which is related to the scale-length of heterogeneities of the fault plane. Such a frequency is a distinct feature of the source spectrum of the specific barrier model of Papageorgiou and Aki.By analyzing accelerograms of the San Fernando earthquake of 1971, we found that fmax determined from records at soil stations is nearly the same as that determined from records at hard rock stations.