bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic exposure to ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol in adolescence decreases social play behaviours
Authors: Keeley Robin J. , Himmler Stephanie M. , Pellis Sergio M. , McDonald Robert J. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Cannabis use remains a major public health concern, and its use typically begins in adolescence. Chronic administration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, during adolescence can produce deficits in adult learning and memory, stress reactivity and anxiety. One possible mechanism behind the disruptions in adulthood from adolescent exposure to THC includes changes in social behaviours, such as social play, which has been shown to be critical to socio-cognitive development. Methods: Here, using an established animal model of adolescent THC exposure in male and female Long–Evans rats, we explored the effects of THC on play behaviour during the chronic administration period. Following puberty onset, as indicated by external changes to the genitalia, THC (5mg/kg) was administered for 14 days. Play behaviour was assessed seven days following the onset of the injection period at approximately 1 hour post treatment. The frequency of nape attacks, the likelihood and tactics of defensive behaviour, and pins were scored and analyzed. Results: THC exposure decreased playfulness in adolescent rats including the number of attacks, likelihood of defense and pins compared to control and vehicle treated rats. Conclusion: This suggests that THC suppresses both the attack and defense components of social play. This is an important finding because there is evidence that attack and defense may be mediated by different mechanisms. Furthermore, the effect of THC exposure decreasing playfulness occurred similarly in males and females.
A Dark Inheritance
Authors: Newman Brooke N. 
Published: November 2021

Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights and privileges associated with British subject status. Brooke Newman reveals the centrality of notions of blood and blood mixture to evolving racial definitions and sexual practices in colonial Jamaica and to legal and political debates over slavery and the rights of imperial subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. Weaving together a diverse range of sources, Newman shows how colonial racial ideologies rooted in fictions of blood ancestry at once justified permanent, hereditary slavery for Africans and barred members of certain marginalized groups from laying claim to British liberties on the basis of hereditary status. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that challenges to an Atlantic slave system underpinned by distinctions of blood had far-reaching consequences for British understandings of race, gender, and national belonging.
Digital Citizenship: Technology Access and Use for Youth With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Fisher Kim W. , Williamson Heather J. , Guerra Nichole , Kupferman Scott 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Technology is integral to the lives of youth who, as digital citizens, use technology to participate in social and civic action to improve their communities. Using a digital citizenship framework and National Longitudinal Transition Study of 2012 data, we explored technology access and use between youth with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We found youth with IDD have less access and less participation across four digital citzienship elements putting them at greater risk for digital social isolation and community disengagment. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, which has thrust employment, school, health, and social lives to online spaces, we situate our findings on digital access, opportunity, and support and call for individual and systems-level investment in digital citizenship to support full participation.
Training, Attitudes, and Practice (TAP) among healthcare professionals in the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality, South Africa: A health promotion and disease prevention perspective
Authors: Melariri Herbert I. , Kalinda Chester , Chimbari Moses J. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a pivotal role in ensuring access to quality healthcare of patients. However, their role in health promotion (HP) and disease prevention (DP) has not been fully explored. This study aimed at determining how training, attitude, and practice (TAP) of HCPs influence their practice of HP and DP.

Methods
Data on TAP regarding HP and DP were collected from 495 HCPs from twenty-three hospitals in the study area using a standardized questionnaire. Bivariate, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to describe how the TAP of HCPs influence their HP and DP practices. The analysis was further desegregated at the three levels of healthcare (primary, secondary and tertiary levels).

Results
Most of the medical doctors 36.12% (n = 173), registered nurses 28.39% (n = 136), and allied health professionals (AHPs) 11.27% (n = 54) indicated the absence of coordinated HP training for staff in their facilities. Similarly, 32.93% (n = 193) of the HCPs, indicated having participated in HP or DP training. Among those that had participated in HP and DP training, benefits of training were positive behaviour, attributions, and emotional responses. When compared at the different levels of healthcare, enhanced staff satisfaction and continuing professional development for HP were statistically significant only at the tertiary healthcare level. Multivariate analysis showed a likelihood of reduced coordinated HP training for staff among medical doctors (Coef 0.15; 95% CI 0.07–0.32) and AHPs (Coef 0.24; 95% CI 0.10–0.59) compared to nurses. Furthermore, medical doctors (Coeff: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46–0.94) were less likely to agree that HCPs should model good health behavior to render HP services as compared to nurses.

Conclusion
Training in HP and DP empowers HCPs with the requisite knowledge and attitude necessary for effective practice. Several HCPs at different levels of care had limited knowledge of HP and DP because of inadequate training. We recommend a strategy aimed at addressing the knowledge and attitudinal gaps of HCPs to ensure effective HP and DP services to patients.
A Rare Presentation of Ileocecal Mucormycosis in a Heart Transplant Recipient
Authors: Hoang Sook , Sestito Michael 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Mucorales is an order of angioinvasive fungi that classically infects immunocompromised patients. As an aerogenous pathogen, it most frequently causes disease of the lungs and paranasal sinuses. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis represents a particularly rare site of infection. This case report describes the complicated presentation of ileocecal mucormycosis in an immunocompromised orthotopic heart transplant recipient. The diagnosis was made status-post ileocolonic resection, and the patient was promptly started on liposomal amphotericin B and micafungin. Unfortunately, the patient ultimately succumbed to disseminated infection. In this study, we review the epidemiology, the presenting features of gastrointestinal mucormycosis, and emphasize the prompt initiation of therapy on suspected disease.
Photoremediation of methylene blue by biosynthesized ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites using Callistemon viminalis leaves aqueous extract: A comparative study
Authors: Dwivedi Poonam , Jatrana Indu , Khan Azhar U. , Khan Azmat Ali , Satiya Honey , Khan Masudulla , Moon Il Soo , Alam Mahboob 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article reports a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly biosynthesis of ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites using Callistemon viminalis leaves’ water extract. For the first time, we used a green synthetic route via C. viminalis leaves’ extract to prepare ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (NCs) using zinc acetate and ferric chloride as precursor materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic results revealed polyphenolic compounds mainly phenolic acids present in the plant extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs. Outcomes of XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ZnO–Fe3O4 heterojunction in ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs, with crystallite sizes of 45, 35, and 60 nm, respectively, according to Debye–Scherrer’s formula. EDX confirmed Zn, Fe, and O in the ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed the existence of both ZnO and Fe3O4 in the NCs with some agglomeration. The thermal stability of NCs was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, as-prepared ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs along with biosynthesized ZnO and Fe3O4 (prepared by C. viminalis extract) nanoparticles were examined for photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation for 150 min. The result reveals that the photodegradation efficiency of ZnO/Fe3O4 NCs (99.09%) was higher compared to that of monometallic ZnO (84.7%) and Fe3O4 (37.1%) nanoparticles.
Smart stimuli-responsive biofunctionalized niosomal nanocarriers for programmed release of bioactive compounds into cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Abtahi Najmeh Alsadat , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Haghiralsadat Fatemeh , Reza Javad Zavar , Hakimian Fatemeh , Yazdian Fatemeh , Tofighi Davood 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cancer treatment is challenging due to late-stage diagnosis, drug resistance and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. The formulation of the drug into nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the treatment efficacy and effectiveness. Therefore, a new cationic niosomal formulation, which contains Tween 80, Tween 60, cholesterol and lysine amino acid as a platform model to enhance transfection efficacy and reach more acceptable stability, and curcumin (Cur) as a biological anti-cancer drug, are introduced. Here, the authors focused on the design and synthesis of novel lysine-mediated niosomal NPs for the effectual and controlled release of the antitumor agent, Cur, and turned to optimize niosome formulations, concerning the volume of cholesterol and surfactant to implement these anticancer agents, simultaneously. The characterization of NPs s was carried out and the results showed the successful synthesis of Cur-entrapped niosomal NPs with high efficacy, sufficient positive charges and a favorable size (95/33 nm). The in vitro studies have been performed to investigate the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and apoptosis of normal and cancer cells treated by black niosome, free Cur and niosom-loaded Cur. The results showed that implementing agents by niosome caused enhanced cytotoxicity, uptake and anticancer activity in cancer cells in comparison with normal cells. Furthermore, the effect of this nanodrug was surveyed on the 4T1 xenografted Balb/C mouse tumor model. Cur delivery to cancer models caused a higher tumor inhibition rate than in other groups.
Influence of integrated soil fertilization on the productivity and economic return of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and soil fertility in northwest Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Alemayehu Getachew , Abate Asefa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the main economical spices produced by poor smallholder farmers in the highlands of Ethiopia for both marketing and consumption. However, its productivity in the area has ever been declining mainly due to soil fertility depletion. Hence, an experiment was conducted under irrigation for two years in 2017 and 2018 in one of northwest Ethiopian highlands known as Lay Gayint to assess the productivity response of garlic to NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure applications. Factorial combinations of four levels of N–P2O5–S inorganic fertilizers (0–0–0; 70–21–9; 112–37–16; and 159–58–25 kg ha−1) and four levels of fresh cattle manure (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha−1) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Unlike that of NPS inorganic fertilizers application and its interaction with cattle manure, physicochemical properties of the experimental soil were highly significantly improved with cattle manure application. Most growth and bulb yield parameters of garlic were significantly influenced by combined applications of NPS inorganic fertilizers and cattle manure, and their responses were more pronounced with the progress of the cropping seasons. Combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha−1 N–P2O5–S inorganic fertilizers with 15 and 10 t ha−1 cattle manure gave the highest bulb yields (18.03–22.05  t ha−1), net benefits (Ethiopian Birr 509,456–626,814 per hectare), and marginal rate of returns (1,492.35–2,005.15%) in both study years of 2017 and 2018. Hence, combined applications of 112–37–16 kg ha−1 N–P2O5–S inorganic fertilizers with 10–15  t ha−1 cattle manure are recommendable for garlic growing farmers in northwest Ethiopian highlands.
Rubber–Bitumen Interaction of Plant-Blended Rubberized Bitumen Prepared under Various Blending Conditions
Authors: Xu Xiong , Leng Zhen , Wang Shifeng , Lan Jingting , Li Rui , Tan Zhifei , Sreeram Anand 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rubberized bitumen produced from waste tire rubber has been widely used as a sustainable paving material worldwide. However, different production conditions may lead to rubberized bitumens with different performances. This study aims to understand the mechanism of the physicochemical interaction between rubber particles and virgin bitumen of the rubberized bitumens prepared in the plant under various blending conditions. To achieve this objective, samples of the rubberized bitumens prepared in the plant under four conditions were first collected and then characterized through various laboratory tests. The infrared spectra and gel permeation chromatograph test results demonstrated that the main crosslinking structures of rubber remain stable and undamaged during the whole production period, although some chemical reactions—such as oxidation, decarboxylation, and devulcanization—occur. The storage stability test results implied that the plant-blended rubberized bitumen exhibits no obvious phase separation after storage at 163°C for 48 h and becomes more stable as the blending time prolongs. The rheological test results indicated that the rubber–bitumen interaction is mainly composed of early stage absorption and swelling of rubber particles, continuous emission of volatile bitumen components, and late-stage partial degradation of fully swollen rubber particles. The surface images of the rubberized bitumen confirmed that as the blending time increases, the surface of rubberized bitumen becomes smoother, as a result of the improved rubber–bitumen interaction.
Neurocomputational Underpinnings of Expected Surprise
Authors: Lecaignard Françoise , Bertrand Olivier , Caclin Anne , Mattout Jérémie 
Published: November 2021

Predictive coding accounts of brain functions profoundly influence current approaches to perceptual synthesis. However, a fundamental paradox has emerged, that may be very relevant for understanding hallucinations, psychosis, or cognitive inflexibility: in some situations, surprise or prediction error-related responses can decrease when predicted, and yet, they can increase when we know they are predictable. This paradox is resolved by recognizing that brain responses reflect precision-weighted prediction error. This presses us to disambiguate the contributions of precision and prediction error in electrophysiology. To meet this challenge for the first time, we appeal to a methodology that couples an original experimental paradigm with fine dynamic modeling. We examined brain responses in healthy human participants (N= 20; 10 female) to unexpected and expected surprising sounds, assuming that the latter yield a smaller prediction error but much more amplified by a larger precision weight. Importantly, addressing this modulation requires the modeling of trial-by-trial variations of brain responses, that we reconstructed within a fronto-temporal network by combining EEG and MEG. Our results reveal an adaptive learning of surprise with larger integration of past (relevant) information in the context of expected surprises. Within the auditory hierarchy, this adaptation was found tied down to specific connections and reveals in particular precision encoding through neuronal excitability. Strikingly, these fine processes are automated as sound sequences were unattended. These findings directly speak to applications in psychiatry, where specifically impaired precision weighting has been suggested to be at the heart of several conditions such as schizophrenia and autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn perception as Bayesian inference and learning, context sensitivity expresses as the precision weighting of prediction errors. A subtle mechanism that is thought to lie at the heart of several psychiatric conditions. It is thus critical to identify its neurophysiological and computational underpinnings. We revisit the passive auditory oddball paradigm by manipulating sound predictability and use a twofold modeling approach to simultaneous EEG-MEG recordings: (1) trial-by-trial modeling of cortical responses reveals a context-sensitive perceptual learning process; (2) the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of evoked responses uncovers the associated changes in synaptic efficacy. Predictability discloses a link between precision weighting and self-inhibition of superficial pyramidal (SP) cells, a result that paves the way to a fine description of healthy and pathologic perception.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS PHYSICS EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY-PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Doloksaribu Florida Emmy , Triwiyono Triwiyono 
Published: November 2021

IMPROVING STUDENT'S CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING THROUGH SCIENCE LEARNING MODEL BASED OF THE PHYSICS EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY-PROBLEM SOLVINGAbstractThis study aims to determine the increase in understanding the concept of science material and the ability to experiment in a virtual context of energy and its changes in students of SMPN 13 Jayapura. This science learning model, PhET-Problem Solving on students needs to obtain models and teaching materials that were more effectively used. The learning model is validated based on the suitability of indicators and material, legibility, and the suitability of assignments and exercises at an average value of 85.75, which means it is very feasible to use. Participants consisted of a control class and an experimental class. The pretest and post-test results were analyzed based on the N-gain test; the experimental class dominated the high and medium categories at 30% and 70%, conventional class 27% and 46%. The implementation science learning model in context the energy context and its changes based on PhET-PS shows an increase in concept understanding and virtual experimental abilities. Based on the independent sample statistical test, it shows that there is a significant difference between the control class and the experimental class (sig.2-tailed <0.5). Student responses to the PhET-PS learning model were very positive.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman konsep materi IPA dan kemampuan eksperimen secara virtual konteks energi dan perubahannya pada siswa SMPN 13 Jayapura. Model pembelajaran IPA ini berbasis PhET-Problem Solving sesuai kebutuhan siswa guna mendapatkan model dan bahan ajar yang lebih efektif digunakan. Model pembelajaran divalidasi berdasarkan kesesuaian indikator dan materi, keterbacaan, dan kesesuain tugas- tugas dan latihan pada nilai rata-rata sebesar 85,75 artinya sangat layak digunakan. Partisipan terdiri dari kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Hasil pretes dan postes dianalisis berdasarkan uji N-gain, pada kategori tinggi dan sedang didominasi kelas eksperimen yaitu 30% dan 70%, kelas konvensional 27% dan 46%. Model pembelajaran IPA konteks energi dan perubahannya berbasis PhET-PS yang diimplementasikan menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan eksperimen virtual. Berdasarkan uji statistik independent sampel menunjukkan terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen (sig.2-tailed < 0,5). Tanggapan siswa terhadap model pembelajaran PhET-PS adalah sangat positif.
Antioxidant Activities and Profile of Amino Acid of Yoghurt from Beef Milk Fermentation with Dadih Starter
Authors: Chalid Sri Yadial , Kinasih Pratiwi Nur , Hatiningsih Fitriah , Rudiana Tarso 
Published: November 2021

Dadih is naturally fermented buffalo milk in bamboo tubes and known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activity. Lactic acid bacteria in dadih can use as a starter to produce yogurt. The study aimed to produce yogurt of cow's milk with dadih as a starter, to determine the antioxidant activity and amino acid composition. Dadih is added with concentration variation of 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10% (v/v) and it fermented for 48 hours at room temperature. Lactic acid bacteria cell counts of dadih were calculated by the total plate count method. Yogurt was tested by organoleptics with 33 panelists and proximate analysis water, ash, fat and protein contens based on the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) in 2005. Antioxidant activities of yogurt were tested by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Amino acid composition of yogurt was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The research result of amount of LAB on dadih are 1.01 x 1011 CFU/mL, has fulfilled the requirements of SNI 2981: 2009. Yogurt produced with the addition of dadih by 10% (v/v) is most accepted by panelists. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained by yogurt with 2.5% addition of dadih with IC50 value of 78.28 ppm. Yogurt almost contain all essential and non-essensial amino acids including tyrosine and phenylalanine as the antioxidants. Measurement of water, ash, protein and fat content in the sample meets the requirements of SNI 2981: 2009.