bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in health outcomes for high‐needhigh‐costpatients across high‐incomecountries
Authors: Papanicolas Irene , Riley Kristen , Abiona Olukorede , Arvin Mina , Atsma Femke , Bernal‐Delgado Enrique , Bowden Nicholas , Blankart Carl Rudolf , Deeny Sarah , Estupiñán‐Romero Francisco , Gauld Robin , Haywood Philip , Janlov Nils , Knight Hannah , Lorenzoni Luca , Marino Alberto , Or Zeynep , Penneau Anne , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Shatrov Kosta , Stafford Mai , van de Galien Onno , van Gool Kees , Wodchis Walter , Jha Ashish K. , Figueroa Jose F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores variations in outcomes of care for two types of patient personas—an older frail person recovering from a hip fracture and a multimorbid older patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes.Data SourcesWe used individual‐level patient data from 11 health systems.Study DesignWe compared inpatient mortality, mortality, and readmission rates at 30, 90, and 365 days. For the hip fracture persona, we also calculated time to surgery. Outcomes were standardized by age and sex.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData was compiled by the International Collaborative on Costs, Outcomes and Needs in Care across 11 countries for the years 2016–2017 (or nearest): Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.Principal FindingsThe hip sample across ranged from 1859 patients in Aragon, Spain, to 42,849 in France. Mean age ranged from 81.2 in Switzerland to 84.7 in Australia, and the majority of hip patients across countries were female. The congestive heart failure (CHF) sample ranged from 742 patients in England to 21,803 in the United States. Mean age ranged from 77.2 in the United States to 80.3 in Sweden, and the majority of CHF patients were males. Average in‐hospital mortality across countries was 4.1%. for the hip persona and 6.3% for the CHF persona. At the year mark, the mean mortality across all countries was 25.3% for the hip persona and 32.7% for CHF persona. Across both patient types, England reported the highest mortality at 1 year followed by the United States. Readmission rates for all periods were higher for the CHF persona than the hip persona. At 30 days, the average readmission rate for the hip persona was 13.8% and 27.6% for the CHF persona.ConclusionAcross 11 countries, there are meaningful differences in health system outcomes for two types of patients.
Access to credit and farmland abandonment nexus: The case of rural Ghana
Authors: Ankrah Twumasi Martinson , Jiang Yuansheng , Ntiamoah Evans B. , Akaba Selorm , Darfor Kwabena N. , Boateng Linda K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCredit has been identified as an essential tool to improve poor households' livelihood. Therefore, for rural farm households to improve their welfare and invest in productive agriculture activity, access to credit must be promoted. This paper examines how credit accessibility influences rural farm households' farmland abandonment reduction in Ghana. Using survey data collected from four regions in Ghana, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model, and the problem confronting index (PCI) model were employed in the estimation. The findings revealed that households with access to credit are more likely to not abandon their farmland than a random farmer from the sample. Also, different household groups showed a heterogeneous impact of credit on farmland abandonment. Our findings provide policy implications to reduce farmland abandonment. For example, the negative credit accessibility impact on farmland abandonment implies that government and policymakers should target policies (e.g., improving the rural financial market) that will motivate farmers to reduce farmland abandonment.
Efficacy of high versus conventional dose of ergocalciferol supplementation on serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and interleukin‐6 levels among hemodialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency: A multicenter, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Nata Naowanit , Siricheepchaiyan Wittaya , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Satirapoj Bancha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐term dialysis involves a chronic inflammatory state and produces a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. A clinical trial was conducted in hemodialysis with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level <30 ng/ml. The conventional‐group (N = 35) and the high‐dose group (N = 35) were treated with ergocalciferol according to the K/DOQI guidelines and double dosage of ergocalciferol from the recommendation for 8 weeks, respectively. The main outcomes were measured by serum 25[OH]D and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). At the end of 8 weeks, a statistically significant greater increase was observed of mean serum 25[OH]D levels and a decrease of mean parathyroid hormone levels in the high‐dose group compared with the conventional‐dose group. The high dose group had the higher achievement of vitamin D sufficiency than the conventional‐dose group (97.4% vs. 76.4%, p = 0.012). No significant difference was found in mean changes of serum IL‐6 level in both groups, except subgroup patients with vitamin D deficiency or serum 25[OH]D <20 ng/ml, high dose treatment suppressed serum IL‐6 level (−2.67 pg/ml [IQR −6.56 to −0.17], p = 0.039). No differences were observed between the two groups in adverse events. Oral high‐dose ergocalciferol supplementation has achieved higher vitamin D sufficiency than standard dose in end stage renal disease patients on dialysis.
Linking of NMDA receptors and mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens core to repeated cocaine‐induced 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalization in rats
Authors: Sohn Sumin , Kim Sunghyun , Yang Ju Hwan , Choe Eun Sang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRats express a positive emotional state by emitting 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls in response to drug exposure. This study demonstrated the linking of glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to vocal expression of 50‐kHz USV calls after repeated cocaine administration in freely moving rats. Repeated systemic injections of cocaine (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for seven consecutive days increased the number of 50‐kHz USV calls. Intra‐NAc core infusion of the broad‐glutamate receptor antagonist, γDGG (50 nmol/side), decreased the repeated cocaine‐induced increase in the number of 50‐kHz USV calls. Intra‐NAc core infusion of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK801 (2 nmol/side), but not α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid or kainic acid receptor antagonist, CNQX disodium salt (2 nmol/side), decreased the number of 50‐kHz USV calls that had been elevated by repeated exposure to cocaine. Intra‐NAc core infusion of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5), MPEP (0.5 nmol/side), MTEP (15 nmol/side) and inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor blocker, xestospongin C (0.004 nmol/side) decreased the cocaine‐induced increase in the number of USV calls. These data suggest that the NMDA receptor‐ and mGluR5‐dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the NAc core is linked to a positive emotional state after repeated exposure to cocaine in rats.
No modularity at ventral level in the horse skull
Authors: Parés‐Casanova Pere M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMorphological integration and modularity are concepts that refer to the covariation level between the components of a structure. Morphological modules are independent subsets of highly correlated traits. The horse skull has been studied as a whole functional structure for decades, but the integrative approach towards quantitative examination of modules is scarce. We report here the first evaluation of cranial modularity in the horse at basal level. For this, we studied the modularity hypothesis for splanchnocranium and basicranium modules in the horse, two phenotipic regions under local influence by soft‐tissue–hard‐tissue interfaces. Using geometric morphometrics to capture the shape and location, we examined both modules in a sample of 23 dry skulls belonging to Pyrenean Horse Breed using 57 two‐dimensional cranial landmarks. Modules were compared through partial least squares analyses and Escoufier (RV) coefficient. We tested whether the integration (measured by Escoufier RV coefficient) of splanchnocranium and basicranium strength modules and their covariation pattern (as analysed by partial least squares analysis) subordinate and express similar integration results. A clear modularity was observed. The lack of disproportions in the skulls of domestic horse breeds (compared to dog and cat breeds, for instance) might be an expression of the lack of single modules to evolve. On the other side, integration might have a positive impact on survival as long as the selection pressure is along the trajectory of integrated variation.
Be mindful in love: Exploring the interpersonal effects of spouse mindfulness on employee work and family outcomes
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Ni Dan , Zhu Jinlong , Song Lynda Jiwen , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Johnson Russell E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMindfulness has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, and considerable research has demonstrated the intrapersonal effects of mindfulness at work or at home. Research to date, however, has overlooked potential interpersonal effects of mindfulness across the work and family domains. Drawing on the spillover‐crossover model and the mindfulness literature, we investigate the effects of spouse mindfulness at home on employee work and family outcomes. We test our model using dyadic experience‐sampling data collected from 125 focal employees and their spouses over 10 consecutive workdays. The results indicated that, at the within‐person level, spouse mindfulness at home was positively associated with employee authentic emotional sharing at home, which, in turn, was positively associated with employee positive effect at home but negatively associated with employee negative affect at home. The results also indicated that spouse mindfulness at home had a positive indirect effect on family satisfaction at home and work engagement during the next morning through enhancing employee authentic emotional sharing at home. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for the mindfulness research.
Editorial: when to start carvedilol in cirrhosis—time to reconsider?
Authors: Gillespie Sarah‐Louise , Hayes Peter C. 
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wijarnpreecha et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16490 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16526
Editorial: does anti‐TNF ‘treatment persistence’ always equate to ‘effective treatment’? Only objective disease assessments can answer the question. Authors' reply
Authors: Blesl Andreas , Högenauer Christoph , Borenich Andrea , Berghold Andrea , Wenzl Heimo , Petritsch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Blesl et al and Srinivasan & van Langenberg papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16478 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16506
Letter: mind the gap—search and publication date of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. Authors' reply
Authors: Salvo‐Halloran Elizabeth M. , Ferko Nicole C. , Cash Sarah B. , Gonzalez Ailish , Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Salvo et al and Patel et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16407 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16537
Editorial: central obesity is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B on anti‐viral therapy—authors' reply
Authors: Fan Rong , Hou Jinlin 
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Fan et al and Yip & Wong papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16469 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16498
Four‐implant‐supported overdenture treatment in the maxilla. Part I: A randomized controlled split mouth trial assessing the effect of microthreads and abutment connection type on 4 years peri‐implant health
Authors: Doornewaard Ron , Sakani Samir , Matthys Carine , Glibert Maarten , Bronkhorst Ewald , Vandeweghe Stefan , Vervaeke Stijn , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccording to literature, peri‐implant bone loss is minimized on implants with microthreaded neck design and internal type of abutment connection. However, most clinical studies may be biased due to confounding factors.PurposeThis nonblinded RCT assessed the effect of implant neck (microthreaded vs non‐microthreaded) as well as the type of abutment connection (internal conical vs external flat‐to‐flat) on peri‐implant bone stability and peri‐implant health after at least 36 months.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five patients were treated with a maxillary implant‐supported bar‐retained overdenture on four different implant types: internal connection with microthreads (I‐MT), internal connection without microthreads (I‐NMT), external connection with microthreads (E‐MT), and external connection without microthreads (E‐NMT). To control confounding factors, all other design features were similar. A linear mixed‐model analysis or mixed‐model logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of implant type on bone level, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque.ResultsFour out of 98 implants (4.1%) placed in 25 patients failed during provisionalization and were replaced. Mean overall bone loss after 6 months was 0.39 mm (SD 0.62, range 0.00–3.48) with limited additional bone loss of 0.04 mm (SD 0.54, range −1.80–1.63) after at least 3 years. Microthreads or connection type had no effect on the bone level, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, nor plaque.ConclusionsWith 96% of implant survival, the maxillary overdenture supported with a bar on four implants yield a predictable outcome and the implant–abutment connection type (internal vs external) and implant neck design (microthreaded vs non‐microthreaded) have no influence on peri‐implant bone remodeling after initial bone remodeling nor up to 4 years of function. Peri‐implant bone levels are within international success standards and peri‐implant health is indicative of absence of peri‐implantitis.
Immediate loading of fixed partial prostheses reconstructed using either tapered or straight implants in the posterior area: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kim Yoo‐Yeon , Song Young Woo , Kim Myong Ji , Cha Jae‐Kook , Park Ji‐Man , Kim Jee‐Hwan , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn immediately loaded implants within 72 h after the implant placement in the unilaterally and partially edentulous ridge, primary stability is considered critical, which can be influenced by the design of the implant fixture.PurposeTo determine the outcomes at 1 year after the immediate loading of multiunit fixed partial prostheses over either tapered implants (TIs) or straight implants (SIs) in the posterior region.Materials and methodsForty‐eight patients (24 patients, 52 implants in TI group; 24 patients, 50 implants in SI group) were included for the study. Except for the one SI group patient whose two implants showed the insertion torque less than 30 Ncm, provisional prostheses designed and fabricated from intraoral scan data obtained immediately after implant surgery were delivered to rest of the 47 subjects at 3–7 days. After a year, the survival rate was estimated by intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses, and marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant stability were also analyzed statistically (p < 0.05).ResultsSurvival rate at implant level in TI group was 96.2%, and that of SI group in the ITT analysis was 86.0%. Intergroup difference, however, was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Insertion torque was significantly higher in TI group than SI group (47.12 ± 6.37 Ncm vs. 41.60 ± 9.77 Ncm; p < 0.05). MBLs of both groups were less than 0.1 mm at 1‐year follow‐up and was similar between two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsImmediate loading of fixed partial prostheses after TI and SI placement showed reliable outcomes in the partially edentulous posterior ridge. In terms of the initial mechanical stability, the performance was superior for TIs than for SIs.
Data driven evaluation of healthy volunteer characteristics at screening for phase I clinical trials to inform on study design and optimize screening processes
Authors: Deiteren Annemie , Coenen Erwin , Lenders Sabine , Verwilst Peter , Mannaert Erik , Rasschaert Freya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtocols for clinical trials describe inclusion and exclusion criteria based on general and compound‐specific considerations to ensure subject safety and data quality. In phase I clinical trials, healthy volunteers (HVs) are screened against these criteria that often specify predefined eligibility ranges for vital signs, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests. HVs are excluded if baseline parameters deviate from these ranges even though this may not indicate underlying pathology, which could delay trial execution. Data from 3365 HVs participating in 9670 screening visits for 94 phase I HV trials, conducted between December 2008 and May 2019 at the Janssen Clinical Pharmacology Unit, were retrospectively analyzed. Commonly predefined protocol ranges were overlaid with HV data to estimate predicted screen failure rates (SFRs). Of the overall population, 91% was White and 64% were men with mean age of 42.8 ± 12.5 years. High predicted SFRs are related to cardiovascular/metabolic (body mass index, heart rate [HR], blood pressure [BP], and corrected QT Fridericia’s formula [QTcF]), renal (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]), liver (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and total bilirubin), and coagulation (prothrombin time [PT]) parameters. Predicted SFRs increased with age for high systolic and diastolic BP, QTcF interval, and eGFR. In contrast, lower SFRs in the older age groups were seen for low diastolic BP, liver function test, ALT, PT, and total bilirubin. This analysis can be used to inform on study design, protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to optimize the screening process. Data‐driven critical appraisal of proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria using a risk‐based approach may significantly reduce screen failure rates without compromising subjects’ safety.
Assessment of clinical data on urocortins and their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kovács Dóra K. , Farkas Nelli , Soós Alexandra , Hegyi Péter , Kelava Leonardo , Eitmann Szimonetta , Schekk Anna , Molnár Zsolt , Erőss Bálint , Balaskó Márta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and cardiovascular diseases present public health challenges. Although great progress was achieved in their treatment, there is continuous need for new therapies. Urocortins of the corticotropin neuropeptide family were reported to exert beneficial effects in animal models of HF and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to assess the available clinical evidence on the potential role of urocortins in HF and other cardiovascular diseases. We explored MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Twenty‐seven studies were included in the qualitative and 15 studies (2005 patients) in the quantitative syntheses. Available data allowed us to meta‐analyze the blood pressure (BP) lowering and heart rate (HR) increasing effects of urocortin 2 in HF with reduced ejection fraction. We applied meta‐regression to explore the association between left ventricular ejection fraction and serum urocortin 1 and urocortin 2 levels. Short‐term urocortin 2 infusion decreased mean arterial pressure in chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (mean difference = −9.161 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −12.661 to −5.660 mmHg, p < 0.001). Such infusions increased HR mildly (mean difference = 5.629 beats/min, 95% CI 1.612 to 9.646 beats/min, p = 0.006). Although some studies reported increased urocortin 1 and urocortin 2 levels in HF with growing severity, our meta‐regressions failed to confirm associations between blood urocortin levels and left ventricular ejection fraction. Clinical evidence confirms short‐term BP lowering effects of urocortin 2, whereas individual studies report additional beneficial effects. Further clinical investigations are necessary to confirm the latter and the long‐term value of these peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Review protocol: CRD42020163203.
Misrecognition, social stigma, and COVID‐19
Authors: Huda Kazi A. S. M. Nurul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs social and interdependent beings, we have responsibilities to each other. One of them is to recognize each other appropriately. When we fail to meet this responsibility, we often stigmatize. In this paper, I argue that the COVID‐19‐related stigmatization is a variation of the lack of recognition understood as an orientation to our evaluative features. Various stereotypical behaviors regarding COVID‐19 become stigmatized practices because of labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss and discrimination, and power. When people stigmatize COVID‐19 victims, they orient themselves to their evaluative quality of being vulnerable to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus by internalizing the victims as dangerous, understanding them as separable, and being motivated to act with them differently. All this causes the COVID‐19 victims to lose status and suffer discrimination for which they do not experience participatory parity in different facets of their lives, rendering the COVID‐19‐related stigmatization an appalling example of misrecognition.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence between regular human insulin (rDNA origin) in 0.9% sodium chloride ready‐to‐use infusion 1 U/mL and 100 U/mL concentrate diluted to 1 U/mL in healthy males
Authors: Hompesch Marcus , Hawryluk Aleksandra , Hernandez Moises , Uchil Beena , Wilmington Alyssa , Peterson Lucas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo show pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) bioequivalence between Myxredlin, a novel, ready‐to‐use regular human insulin 1 U/mL formulation (BAX‐HI), and Novolin R 100 U/mL concentrate diluted to 1 U/mL (NOVO‐HI).Materials and MethodsThis phase 1, double‐blind, randomized, two‐way crossover study compared the PK and PD properties of BAX‐HI and NOVO‐HI. A total of 58 healthy males received 0.36 U/kg of each study drug, administered intravenously over a 6‐hour period, concurrent with an 8‐hour euglycaemic clamp at two treatment periods separated by a washout period of 7‐10 days. The primary PK endpoint was the area under the insulin concentration‐time curve at steady state (SS) measured from 300 to 360 minutes (AUCINS‐SS 300‐360 min). The primary PD endpoint was the area under the glucose infusion rate‐time curve at SS measured from 300 to 360 minutes (AUCGIR‐SS 300‐360 min).ResultsAll subjects completed the first treatment period and 54 subjects completed both treatment periods. Bioequivalence between BAX‐HI and NOVO‐HI was shown for the primary endpoints as the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the geometric least‐squares (LS) mean ratio for AUCINS‐SS 300‐360 min, and the 90% CI and 95% CI of the geometric LS mean ratio for AUCGIR‐SS 300‐360 min were entirely contained within the prespecified limits of 80%‐125%. Safety profiles were comparable for both study drugs and there were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsThe study showed bioequivalence between BAX‐HI and NOVO‐HI in terms of PK and PD characteristics in healthy males.