bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La paz imperfecta: una mirada a los puntos de tierras, participación política y solución al problema de drogas ilícitas en el posacuerdo
Authors: Daza Alfonso Felipe 
Published: October 2021

Resumen: Uno de los hitos más relevantes en la historia reciente de Colombia es seguramente la firma del Acuerdo de Paz (2016), hecho que condujo al principio de la terminación del prolongado conflicto armado interno con la guerrilla más antigua de América Latina: las FARC-EP1. Con sus aciertos y tropiezos, el balance de su implementación puede ser agridulce. Por un lado, existen avances verificables en cada uno de los puntos eje del Acuerdo, aunque con varias particulari- dades. Por otro, haciendo una lectura general, cuatro años después del inicio de su ejecución, se puede evidenciar que este también ha sido un factor distanciador entre la sociedad colombiana. El análisis de este artículo se centró en tres de los seis puntos acordados, logrando un mayor detalle para cada caso.
Imperfect Peace: a Review to Land, Political Participation, and Solution to the Problem of Illicit Drugs in the Post-agreement
Abstract: One of the most relevant milestones in the recent history of Colombia is surely the signing of the Peace Agreement (2016), a fact that led to the beginning of the end of a prolonged internal armed conflict with the oldest armed group in Latin America, the FARC-EP. With its successes and failures, the balance of its implementation can be bittersweet. On the one hand, there are verifiable advances in each of the central points of the agreement, although with several peculiarities. On the other, making an overview, four years after the beginning of its implementation allow us to see that the agreement has been a distancing factor among Colombian society. The analysis is focused on 3 of the 6 agreed points, achieving a greater detail for each case.
Keywords: Peace Agreement, positive peace, negative peace, armed conflict, region
El difícil camino de la paz. Avatares de la implementación de los acuerdos Farc-Ep y gobierno colombiano en Icononzo (Tolima)
Authors: Pabón Wilson 
Published: October 2021

Resumen: Con la firma del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC-EP, en noviembre de 2016, se establecieron una serie de acuerdos sobre diferentes puntos, entre ellos el establecimiento de unas zonas de concentración en varias regiones del país, en las cuales los excombatientes harían su tránsito a la vida civil. Para entender las dinámicas de lo sucedido en este importante proceso, se analiza el caso del espacio territorial de capacitación y reincorporación (ETCR) Antonio Nariño, en Icononzo (Tolima), el más cercano a Bogotá. Luego de un trabajo de campo de dos años, en el que se realizaron entrevistas con los habitantes de la región de Sumapaz, lo mismo que con quienes están alrededor del proceso, se plantea una perspectiva de análisis de corte etnográfico sobre el tema. Esto como paradigma de lo sucedido en el país, concretamente en el Sumapaz, una región en la cual tanto la guerra como la paz se han vivido desde hace más de setenta años, buscando aportar a la comprensión del conflicto armado interno en Colombia.
The Difficult Course to Peace. Avatars of the Implementation of the Farc - Colombian Government Peace Accords in Icononzo (Tolima)
Abstract: With the signing of the Peace Accords between the Colombian government and the Farc-Ep guerrilla in 2016, concentration zones were established in various regions of the country, in which ex-combatants would make their transition to civilian life. To understand the dynamics of what happened in this important process, the case of the ETCR Antonio Nariño in Icononzo (Tolima), the closest to Bogotá, is analyzed. As part of a two-year fieldwork, in which I conducted multiple interviews with the habitants of the Sumapaz region, as well as with those around the process, I propose a ethnographical analysis to this question. Such approach is proposed as a case study to understand the challenges provoked with the implementation of the peace accords in Colombia. In so doing, this chapter seeks to contribute to the understanding the internal armed conflict in this country while contextualizing such analysis in a region in which both war and peace have been lived for more than seventy years.
Keywords: Colombia, Peace Accords, Internal Armed Conflict, Government-Farc, Sumapaz.
ICT Proficiency Levels of Canadian University-Level Business School Graduates: Representations of Graduates and Employers
Authors: Khurram Muhammad , Bazan Carlos C. 
Published: October 2021

This study examines the perceptions of Canadian business school graduates’ and employers with respect to business graduates’ ICT proficiency levels. Twelve (12) business graduates from a Canadian university and six (6) local employers were interviewed on a range of topics relating to the acquisition of information and communications technology (ICT) skills and graduate competency levels. Graduates were positive in their self-appraisal of computing proficiency and expressed high levels of confidence in their ICT capabilities, while the acquisition of these skills was found to be primarily learned informally, self-taught, or learned during work terms. Generally, employers felt that the ICT competencies of business graduates the skills they need for the workplace are appropriate, but indicate that some specialized ICT skills are acquired through workplace orientation and ongoing professional learning. Graduate skill deficits were found to be more prevalent in the areas of writing and communication – including spelling, grammar, and business writing. Research findings suggest some misalignment between employer expectations and program objectives and raise questions about a potential gap in the readiness of graduates for the workplace. Although there is wide recognition that the primary aim of university business degree programs falls outside of ICT skill development, this research suggests a need for better coordination to align the needs and expectations of employers with the goals and objectives of business programs. Strategies for greater collaboration between business faculties and employers, with regard to business graduates’ ICT and other key competencies are suggested.
METODE PMBENTUKAN AKHLAK PERSPEKTIF M. QURAISH SHIHAB
Authors: Maskhuroh Lailatul , A’yun Kurroti 
Published: October 2021

Ibn Abbas, one of the companions of the Prophet classified the level of rasikh in understanding al Qur’an verses as four parts: first, it is able to be understood by Arabian generally based on their linguistic; second, there is no reason for them to let it; third, noone knows except scholars; and fourth, only Allah knows it. This is proof of the miracles and the truth of the prophet Muhammad SAW, one of the al Qur’an terms of language which can be accepted by the owner’s only. Besides, Muhammad’s friends who witnessed the al Qur’an descent, they knew and understood it structure and vocabulary of the language, and the context of the verses passage, so the appreciation of the al Qur’an interpretation is always needed by the Indonesian mufassir that is M. Quraish Shihab in tafsir al Misbah.
Salivary Gland-type Tumors of the Lung
Authors: Wang Minhua , Gilani Syed , Xu Haodong , Cai Guoping 
Published: October 2021

Context.—Salivary gland-type tumors (SGTs) of the lung represent a distinct group of lung neoplasms. Pulmonary SGTs often pose diagnostic challenges, especially in small biopsy and cytology samples because of limited sample volume and overlapping morphology among pulmonary SGTs, metastatic SGTs of head and neck origin, and other lung tumors.Objective.—To identify the clinical characteristics, histomorphology, immunophenotypic features, and molecular alterations that are crucial for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary SGTs, especially in small biopsy and cytology specimens.Data Sources.—Literature review and authors' personal practice experience.Conclusions.—An accurate diagnosis of pulmonary SGTs can be achieved by careful evaluation of clinical findings and histomorphology in conjunction with immunohistochemical studies and molecular analysis.
Which traits are necessary to quickly select suitable plant species for ecological restoration?
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Hui , Zhu Liwei , Ren Hai , Yan Junhua , Li Zhian , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, restoration ecologists and land managers have used the trial‐and‐error method to select candidate restoration species. This method, however, is time consuming (usually more than 3 years) and has a relatively low success rate. Recently, Wang et al. (2020) developed a trait‐based species selection framework which can quickly (within 1 month) and successfully select many appropriate species for ecological restoration. They used 28 traits that are associated with tolerance to harsh environmental conditions to select candidate restoration species for a tropical coral island in Hainan Province, China. However, it is likely that some of the 28 traits used in this study may not be very important for species selection, providing the potential use of fewer overall traits. This is important since in many situations land managers will have limited data and resources on species traits.
In this study, we used Wang et al. (2020)’s trait data to test which traits are necessary to achieve a similar success rate when screening species for restoration applications. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to compute each trait's relative contribution. Then, we used the backward stepwise approach where the trait that had the least contribution among all remaining traits was removed one at a time, and the screening model was then run again using the smaller set of traits. Species which are proven very appropriate for ecological restoration in Wang et al. (2020) were the standard to quantify how many and which traits should be used to acquire similar screening results. We also classified all 28 traits into four types of functional traits to test if a small set of traits can mimic Wang et al. (2020)’s selection results.
Our results indicate that it is hard to simultaneously reduce trait numbers and maintain the right screening results; especially for tree species. Likewise, vine species and herbaceous species still required most of the original traits used by Wang et al. (2020). Our results also indicate that multiple trait types are required, rather than one single group of functional traits.
Our results reject the possibility of using fewer and more targeted traits for species screening. Although investigations in other ecosystems are needed to test the generality of the conclusion, our results suggest that multiple functional traits are still required to be measured to select appropriate plant species for the restoration of tropical coral islands.
Light‐Addressable Nanocomposite Hydrogels Allow Plasmonic Actuation and In Situ Temperature Monitoring in 3D Cell Matrices
Authors: Yu Wei , Deschaume Olivier , Dedroog Lens , Garcia Abrego Christian Jose , Zhang Pengfei , Wellens Jolan , de Coene Yovan , Jooken Stijn , Clays Koen , Thielemans Wim , Glorieux Christ , Bartic Carmen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper reports a multifunctional platform based on a nanocomposite hydrogel combining poly(ethylene glycol), with rhodamine B‐containing silica nanoparticles (RhB@SiO2), as temperature sensors, and gold nanorods (AuNRs) as plasmonic heaters. This composite material acts as a light‐addressable cellular matrix able to induce 3D temperature gradients locally and dynamically using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNRs under near‐infrared (NIR) laser illumination. At the same time, the temperature changes are probed locally by monitoring changes of the RhB@SiO2 NPs fluorescence. As a result of plasmonic heating, and, depending on the preparation protocol, the light‐addressable hydrogel also deforms controllably and reversibly, allowing mechanical and thermal cellular stimulation in a 3D matrix. The hydrogel deformation is quantified by means of inline holographic microscopy. This approach makes it possible to accurately and locally control and simultaneously measure temperature gradients and deformation in soft, 3D deformable materials and will enable novel platforms for studying cellular thermo‐ and mechanobiology.
On the Durability of Iridium‐Based Electrocatalysts toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Acid Environment
Authors: She Liaona , Zhao Guoqiang , Ma Tianyi , Chen Jian , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) driven by renewable electricity provide a facile path toward green hydrogen production, which is critical for establishing a sustainable hydrogen society. The high working potential and the corrosive environment pose severe challenges for developing highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To date, iridium (Ir)‐based materials, largely metallic Ir and Ir‐based oxides, are the most suitable OER electrocatalysts for PEMWEs due to their balanced activity and durability. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the specific activity of Ir species to reduce the cost; however, advances in enhancing the durability of Ir‐based electrocatalysts are rather limited. In this review, the recent research progress on tackling the stability issues of Ir‐based OER electrocatalysts in acid media is summarized, aiming to provide inspiration for designing highly active and stable Ir‐based electrocatalysts. The OER mechanism and the associated failure modes of active Ir species are summarized. Then, mechanistic studies on the dissolution behavior of Ir species and experimental attempts on enhancing the durability of Ir‐based electrocatalysts are discussed. The personal perspectives for future studies on Ir‐based OER electrocatalysts are also provided.
Breaking of Thermopower–Conductivity Trade‐Off in LaTiO3 Film around Mott Insulator to Metal Transition
Authors: Katase Takayoshi , He Xinyi , Tadano Terumasa , Tomczak Jan M. , Onozato Takaki , Ide Keisuke , Feng Bin , Tohei Tetsuya , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Ohta Hiromichi , Ikuhara Yuichi , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroducing artificial strain in epitaxial thin films is an effective strategy to alter electronic structures of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and to induce novel phenomena and functionalities not realized in bulk crystals. This study reports a breaking of the conventional trade‐off relation in thermopower (S)–conductivity (σ) and demonstrates a 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of power factor (PF) in compressively strained LaTiO3 (LTO) films. By varying substrates and reducing film thickness down to 4 nm, the out‐of‐plane to the in‐plane lattice parameter ratio is controlled from 0.992 (tensile strain) to 1.034 (compressive strain). This tuning induces the electronic structure change from a Mott insulator to a metal and leads to a 103‐fold increase in σ up to 2920 S cm−1. Concomitantly, the sign of S inverts from positive to negative, and both σ and S increase and break the trade‐off relation between them in the n‐type region. As a result, the PF (=S2σ) is significantly enhanced to 300 µW m−1K−2, which is 102 times larger than that of bulk LTO. Present results propose epitaxial strain as a means to finely tune strongly correlated TMOs close to their Mott transition, and thus to harness the hidden large thermoelectric PF.
Cancer Patient Tissueoid with Self‐Homing Nano‐Targeting of Metabolic Inhibitor
Authors: Yoon Hyo‐Jin , Chung Young Shin , Lee Yong Jae , Yu Seung Eun , Baek Sewoom , Kim Hye‐Seon , Kim Sang Wun , Lee Jung‐Yun , Kim Sunghoon , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current paradigm of cancer medicine focuses on patient‐ and/or cancer‐specific treatments, which has led to continuous progress in the development of patient representatives (e.g., organoids) and cancer‐targeting carriers for drug screening. As breakthrough concepts, i) living cancer tissues convey intact profiles of patient‐specific microenvironmental signatures. ii) The growth mechanisms of cancer mass with intense cell‐cell interactions can be harnessed to develop self‐homing nano‐targeting by using cancer cell‐derived nanovesicles (CaNVs). Hence, a tissueoid model of ovarian cancer (OC) is developed by culturing OC patient tissues in a 3D gel chip, whose microchannel networks enable perfusion to maintain tissue viability. A novel model of systemic cancer responses is approached by xenografting OC tissueoids into ischaemic hindlimbs in nude mice. CaNVs are produced to carry general chemotherapeutics or new drugs under pre/clinical studies that target the BRCA mutation or energy metabolism, thereby increasing the test scope. This pioneer study cross‐validates drug responses from the OC clinic, tissueoid, and animal model by demonstrating the alignment of results in drug type‐specific efficiency, BRCA mutation‐dependent drug efficiency, and metabolism inhibition‐based anti‐cancer effects. Hence, this study provides a directional foundation to accelerate the discovery of patient‐specific drugs with CaNV application towards future precision medicine.
A Sequential Dual‐Model Strategy Based on Photoactivatable Metallopolymer for On‐Demand Release of Photosensitizers and Anticancer Drugs
Authors: He Maomao , He Guangli , Wang Peiyuan , Jiang Suhua , Jiao Ziyue , Xi Dongmei , Miao Pengcheng , Leng Xuefei , Wei Zhiyong , Li Yang , Yang Yanjun , Wang Ran , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Sun Wen , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synergistic combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy has attracted considerable attention for its enhanced antitumoral effects; however, it remains challenging to successfully delivery photosensitizers and anticancer drugs while minimizing drug leakage at off‐target sites. A red‐light‐activatable metallopolymer, Poly(Ru/PTX), is synthesized for combined chemo‐photodynamic therapy. The polymer has a biodegradable backbone that contains a photosensitizer Ru complex and the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) via a singlet oxygen (1O2) cleavable linker. The polymer self‐assembles into nanoparticles, which can efficiently accumulate at the tumor sites during blood circulation. The distribution of the therapeutic agents is synchronized because the Ru complex and PTX are covalently conjugate to the polymer, and off‐target toxicity during circulation is also mostly avoided. Red light irradiation at the tumor directly cleaves the Ru complex and produces 1O2 for photodynamic therapy. Sequentially, the generated 1O2 triggers the breakage of the linker to release the PTX for chemotherapy. Therefore, this novel sequential dual‐model release strategy creates a synergistic chemo‐photodynamic therapy while minimizing drug leakage. This study offers a new platform to develop smart delivery systems for the on‐demand release of therapeutic agents in vivo.
New digital braincase endocasts of two species of Desmatosuchus and neurocranial diversity within Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)
Authors: von Baczko M. Belén , Desojo Julia. B. , Gower David J. , Ridgely Ryan , Bona Paula , Witmer Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present contribution we revise, figure, and redescribe several isolated braincases of the iconic aetosaur Desmatosuchus from the Placerias Quarry locality, Chinle Formation, Arizona, United States. The detailed study of the isolated braincases from the UCMP collection allowed us to assign them at the species‐level and recognize two species of Desmatosuchus for the Placerias Quarry: D. spurensis and D. smalli. The former can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of a transverse sulcus on the parietals, deep median pharyngeal recess on the basisphenoid, almost no gap between the basal tubera and the basipterygoid processes, and the exoccipitals meeting at the midline. The presence of D. smalli at the Placerias Quarry has not been previously reported. Based on the braincases UCMP 27408, 27410, 27407, three new brain endocasts were developed through CT scan images, reconstructing the most complete endocranial casts known for an aetosaur, including the encephalon, cranial nerves, inner ear, and endocranial vasculature. The cranial endocasts also exhibited some differences between both species of Desmatosuchus, with D. spurensis having a distinguishable dural expansion and markedly asymmetric anterior and posterior semicircular canals of the labyrinth. Additionally, the combination of osteological features and the endocranial casts allowed us to identify and discuss the presence of an ossified orbitosphenoid on the anteriormost region of the braincase among aetosaurs. Furthermore, we were able to reinterpret some of the observations made by previous authors on the endocast of the holotype of Desmatosuchus spurensis (UMMP VP 7476) and provide some insight into their neurosensory capabilities.
Information behavior patterns: A new theoretical perspective from an empirical study of naturalistic information acquisition
Authors: Lee Lo , Ocepek Melissa G. , Makri Stephann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis empirical study offers a new theoretical perspective in information behavior research by identifying interrelationships between certain information behaviors. While previous work recognizes the iterative nature of information acquisition, information behavior research has so far been dominated by the identification and conceptual elaboration of discrete behaviors. We introduce the theoretical concept of “information behavior patterns” to characterize the intricate connectedness of information interaction in an arts and crafts context. A qualitative study comprising naturalistic observation and semi‐structured interviews with 20 arts and crafts hobbyists was conducted in two “browse‐first” information environments that support various forms of active and passive information acquisition: Pinterest and a brick‐and‐mortar crafts store. Findings revealed a variety of information behavior patterns across both environments. We illustrate several of these through in‐depth discussions of two specific information acquisition sessions. We visualize observed patterns from these sessions to illustrate the interweaving of active, passive acquisition, and personal goals. Our findings demonstrate the complex interconnectedness of human information behavior, highlighting the importance of going beyond compartmentalizing behaviors into “buckets” when trying to understand the complex, dynamic, and evolving nature of information interaction.
Method development of phenolic acid profiling analysis as tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivative by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Youngbae , Seo Chan , Lee Hyeon‐Seong , Ji Moongi , Oh Songjin , Choi Byeong‐Chan , Kim Doo‐Young , Park Kyung‐Wuk , Park Junseong , Paik Man‐Jeong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn efficient gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based method using tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivative was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 10 phenolic acids. Under optimal conditions, linearity in the range of 2–100 ng/ml exhibited correlation coefficient (r) of ≥0.999. Repeatability showed low relative standard deviation of <16.7%, and accuracy (% relative error) varied from −9.8 to 3.4. New mass spectra data sets of 10 phenolic acids were constructed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. When applied to Orostachys japonica (Maxim.) A. Berger, the 10 phenolic acids of salicylic, 4‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, m‐coumaric, syringic, p‐coumaric, protocatechuic, ferulic, gallic, and caffeic acids were positively identified. We believe that the devised method will be found useful for profiling phenolic acids in various plant samples.