bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Specificity of Two WHO Approved SARS-CoV2 Antigen Assays in Detecting Patients with SARS-CoV2 Infection
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Guruge Dinuka , Pushpakumara Pradeep , Madushanka Deshan , Jayadas Tibutius , Chathuranga Indika , Abeyratne Inoka , Danasekara Saubhagya , Pathmanathan Thilagaraj , Jayathilaka Deshni , Somathilaka Gayasha , Kuruppu Heshan , Gomes Laksiri , Gunasekara Vijith , Wijayamuni Ruwan , Ogg Graham , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen (Ag) detection kits are widely used in addition to quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), as they are cheaper with a rapid turnaround time. As there are many concerns regarding their sensitivity and specificity, in different settings, we evaluated two WHO approved rapid Ag kits in a large cohort of Sri Lankan individuals. Methods: Paired nasopharangeal swabs were obtained from 4845 participants for validation of the SD-Biosensor rapid Ag assay and 3625 for the Abbott rapid Ag assay, in comparison to RT-qPCR. A short questionnaire was used to record symptoms at the time of testing, and blood samples were obtained from 2721 of them for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. Results: The overall sensitivity of the SD-Biosensor Ag kit was 36.5% and the Abbott Ag test was 50.76%. The Abbott Ag test showed specificity of 99.4% and the SD-Biosensor Ag test 97.5%. At Ct values <25, the sensitivity was 71.3% to 76.6% for the SD-Biosensor Ag test and 77.3% to 88.9% for the Abbott Ag test. The Ct values for all genes (RdRP, S, E and N) tested with all RT-qPCR kits were significantly lower for the positive results of the Abbott Ag test compared to the SD-Biosensor test. 209 (48.04%) individuals who had antibodies gave a positive RT-qPCR result, and antibody positivity rates were higher at Ct values >30 (46.1 to 82.9%). 32.1% of those who gave a positive result with the SD-Biosensor Ag test and 26.3% of those who gave positive results with the Abbott Ag test had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the time of detection. Conclusions: Both rapid Ag tests appeared to be highly sensitive in detecting individuals at lower Ct values, in a community setting in Sri Lanka, but it will be important to further establish the relationship to infectivity.
Sub-Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Drinking Water Dysregulates Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in Apoe (-/-) Mice: Molecular Insights Into the Etiology of Atherosclerosis
Authors: OKPARA Edozie Samuel , Yu Wan , Huang Haibin , Jia Song , Zhu Wei , YANG Guangyu , YANG Xingfen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Exogenous exposure to cadmium is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but experimental evidence elucidating the molecular events involved is still unclear, hence this study. We investigated whether sub-chronic cadmium exposure alone could cause a disruption in lipid and glucose metabolisms and whether the combined effect of these dysregulations could progressively lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE (-/-) mice. Methods: Experiments were performed in male ApoE (-/-) mice (8 weeks 25 ± 3g; n=60), which were randomly placed into four (4) groups according to body weight and administered cadmium (CdCl2) 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively in drinking water consecutively for 4 months. After treatment, changes in body weight were evaluated and mice plasma was analyzed for LDL, HDL, TCHO, TG, insulin and glucose levels. The collected samples were sent for histological examination in the 4th month and two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results Levels of plasma LDL increased in all treatment groups but was statistically significant in the 4th month across all treatment groups when compared both with the blank control group and the first month mice. Plasma HDL levels were lowered in all treatment groups in the 2nd and 4th months when compared with the 1st month mice. Statistically significant decreases in plasma HDL levels were also observed in the 2nd month in the group receiving CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) when compared with the blank control. TCHO and TG levels increased but was statistically significant in the former in the 1st, 2nd and 4th month at CdCl2 (100mg/L and 200mg/L) and in the latter at the same dose only in the 4th month. Moreover, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were elevated and lowered, respectively. Histological examination of aortal root also showed a dose-dependent increase in plaque formation, being most visible in the treatment group receiving CdCl2 (200mg/L). Conclusion: In line with our hypothesis, sub-chronic oral exposure of ApoE (-/-) mice to cadmium dysregulated their glucose and lipid profiles and the combined effect of this may be a contributory molecular event in the development of atherosclerosis. Keywords: Cadmium. Atherosclerosis. Glucose dysfunction. ApoE (-/-) mice. Lipid dysfunction. Atherosclerotic plaques
Primary Testicular Mantle Cell Lymphoma in a 23-Year-Old Man: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gao Yanan , Cheng Runfen , Pan Yi , Zhai Qiongli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary testicular mantle cell lymphoma (PTMCL) is a very rare disease, mostly occurred in elderly men, usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a distinctive immunophenotype, positive for CD5 and cyclin D1, but negative for CD10 and CD23. The genetic hallmark of MCL is t(11;14)(q13;q32). Case presentation: Here we reported a case of 23-year-old man who presented with a tumor in the testis. Surgical excision and pathological examination revealed the lesion was a primary testicular mantle cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of CD10 and loss of CD5. Conclusion: This study reports the first case of PTMCL in a 23-year-old man with aberrant expression of CD10 and loss of CD5, summarizes PTMCL reported in PUBMED and found that CD5 might be an independent factor that influences not only the diagnosis but also the prognosis of MCL.
Narrowing the Gap of Inequity in the Indonesia’s National Social Health Insurance Scheme, 2014-2018
Authors: Thabrany Hasbullah , Nugraha Ryan R. , Setiawan Ery , Purwaningrum Farah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. Indonesia is nearing its 7-year implementation of its national health insurance scheme, or the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), as a facilitator for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). Despite its long-running system, it is contentious as to whether JKN has been narrowing the gap of inequity in its delivery. This paper aims to explore on whether the national health insurance scheme in Indonesia have been promoting equity of access towards health services.Methods. This study analyzes findings from JKN statistic data of 2014-2018 published by Government of Indonesia. Using a retrospective design, this study identified membership and utilization of health services within JKN, based on different membership enrollment groups as proxy for income.Results. JKN has been expanding its enrollment significantly within 5 years, during year 2014 to 2018. Moreover, the study concludes that there was increased access for outpatient in all membership groups. Inpatient care was increased in low-income group, but not in high-income group. Result also showed inpatient access was correlated with adequate supply side intervention, particularly hospital beds.Conclusion. JKN has been successful in narrowing the inequity gap, particularly by serving the low-income group better in terms of access. Going forward, equity needs to be incorporated into JKN achievement indicator, particularly to accelerate Indonesia’s effort to realize universal health coverage.
Randomized Trial of a Portable HEPA Air Cleaner Intervention to Reduce Asthma Morbidity among Latino Children in an Agricultural Community
Authors: Drieling Rebecca , Sampson Paul D. , Krenz Jennifer E. , French Maria I. Tchong , Jansen Karen L. , Massey Anne E. , Farquhar Stephanie A. , Min Esther , Perez Adriana , Riederer Anne M. , Torres Elizabeth , Younglove Lisa R. , Aisenberg Eugene , Andra Syam S. , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Karr Catherine J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundData on pediatric asthma morbidity and effective environmental interventions in agricultural settings are few.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of HEPA air cleaners on asthma morbidity among a cohort of rural Latino children.MethodsSeventy-five children with poorly controlled asthma and residing in non-smoking homes were randomly assigned to asthma education alone or along with HEPA air cleaners placed in their sleeping area and home living room. Asthma Control Test (ACT) score, asthma symptoms in prior two weeks, unplanned clinical utilization for asthma, creatinine-adjusted urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4 [ng/mg]), and other secondary asthma outcomes were assessed at baseline, six and 12 months later. Multivariable-adjusted generalized estimating equations examined differences between groups based on repeated measures. Incident rate ratios of ever experiencing the metrics of poorer asthma health during follow-up (suboptimal asthma management) were estimated using Poisson regression models.ResultsMean intervention group child age was 9.2 years, control mean age was 8.6, and two-thirds of participants were male. In repeated measures analysis, intervention participants were less likely to have an ACT score representing poorly controlled asthma (IRR: 0.45 [95% CI: 0.21–0.97]). In Poisson models, intervention participants had reduced risk of ever experiencing an ACT score representing poorly controlled asthma (IRR: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.21–0.89]), ever having any asthma symptoms in the past two weeks (IRR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.52–0.98]), and lower risk of any unplanned clinical utilization over the year of follow-up (IRR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94]) compared to control participants. There was a suggestion of greater decrease in uLTE4 (ng/mg creatinine) levels among intervention participants (-10% [95% CI: -20% -1%]).DiscussionHEPA air cleaners may provide additional benefit for child asthma health even in settings with strong asthma education programs and in areas where traditional asthmagens (traffic, tobacco smoke) are not prominent factors.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04919915. Date of retrospective registration: May 19, 2021.
Determining the significance of anti-K1 in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
Authors: Strohm P. , O’Shaughnessy R. , Moore J. , Blazina J. , Kennedy M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Anti-K1 is capable of causing severe hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), but few cases are seen due to the low frequency of the antigen. A total of 1,215 pregnancies from 1962 to 1989 were reviewed. There were 404 non-anti-D clinically significant antibodies, of which 103 (25%) were anti-K1. Anti-K1 was detected in nine of the women at delivery, of whom two had antigen-positive infants who were clinically unaffected. Antigen typing was done on 64 of the 85 lathers. Forty-seven were K: -1 and 17 were K: 1,2; 21 were unavailable Antibody titers were done on the mothers in the latter two groups. Women with titers < 32 were followed by titration studies; all delivered clinically unaffected infants, four of whom were K:l. Women with titers >32 had amniocentesis performed for optical density values (ΔOD450) or, after November 1987, were offered an alternative test, cordocentesis, to type the fetus and to do hemoglobins if the fetus was antigen-positive. Two women had severely affected infants requiring multiple intrauterine transfusions starting at 20-23 weeks. Six others delivered antigen-positive infants who did not require transfusions, although all had positive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs). We conclude that titration studies are reliable tools to evaluate anti-K1 sensitisation when the titer is < 32. Cordocentesis can detect antigennegative fetuses, which then reduces the need for titrations and amniocentesis.
Immunohematology
1991;2:40–42.
Typing of normal and variant red cells with ABO, Rh, and Kell typing reagents using a gel typing system
Authors: Tills D. , Bushrod J. , Ward D.J. , Josef D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In 1989 Lapierre et al. described a novel method of detecting agglutination reactions by the use of a Sephadex (DiaMed ID Typing System) gel held in a microtube. This report examines the use of gels containing ABO, Rh, and Kell system specific antibodies. The anti-A and -B were monoclonal reagents; anti-A,B, and those for the Rh and Kell systems were polyclonal. Five hundred and fifty-one tests performed for the ABO system detected all but the most weakly reacting variants, a detection rate superior to most commercially available reagents. Five hundred and thirty samples were typed for Rh antigens. One hundred and twenty-seven of these were of various D category III through VII types (Dcats) and 154 were DUs. The gel system detected all but seven DVI variants and seven DUs. The seven DVI variants, from individuals with no anti-D in their sera, gave reactions identical to the seven DUs when tested against a panel of over 50 monoclonal IgG and IgM anti-Ds. The 554 samples tested for the K1 antigen gave correct results.
Immunohematology
1991;7:94–97.
Red cell antibody identification by solid phase red cell adherence utilizing dried RBC monolayers
Authors: Stone D.L. , Eatz R.A. , Rolih S.D. , Farlow S.J. , Hudson G.S. , Sinor L.T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent technological advances in the immobilization and drying of red cell monolayers for use in solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assays have resulted in the development of reagent red cells for antibody screening and identification that are stable at room temperature. Panels consisting of twelve different RBC samples dried onto individual microplate wells were evaluated with 176 samples whose antibody specificities had previously been determined by conventional hemagglutination techniques. Identification tests performed with dried SPRCA panels proved to be more sensitive and less time consuming than hemagglutination tests. The red cell antigens of dried membranes were shown to be stable and reactive following storage for 120 days at room temperature.
Du phenotyping by the rosette technique when the direct antiglobulin test is positive
Authors: Werch J. , Todd C. , Moulds M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rosette technique provides a simple rapid and accurate procedure for Du phenotyping of red blood cells (RBCs) with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) due to antibodies other than those of the Rh system. We used Sebring and Polesky’s rosette technique to test RBCs with positive DATs. Characteristic microscopic agglutination was observed for the Du phenotype which was different from the mixed-field agglutination seen as positive rosettes in feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). The microscopic “starry-sky” pattern typical for FMH-positive rosettes is easily differentiated from the uniform agglutination produced by the Du phenotype. The rosette technique was performed on 202 Rh-negative cord RBCs out of 4815 cord cells with a positive DAT. Parallel testing for Du by the chloroquine elution and antihuman globulin (AHG) test was done on 67 of the 202 cases. Four Du RBCs that were identified by the rosette technique were confirmed by the chloroquine Du technique. The rosette technique proved to be time saving and as sensitive as the routinely performed elution technique for removal of antibodies followed by the AUG Du test.
A case report: clinically benign anti-Csa
Authors: Sererat T. , Alexander J. , Beatty J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous reports on the clinical significance of anti-Csa(Cost-Stirling) have presented conflicting data. We report our findings, over an 8-month period, of a patient whose serum contained anti-Csa and anti-Fya. Nineteen donor units of ABO and Rh-matched, Fya-negative red cells, which were crossmatch incompatible, were transfused with no clinical, serological, or biochemical evidence of a hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Antibody detection errors due to acidic or unbuffered saline
Authors: Rolih S. , Thomas R. , Fisher F. , Talbot J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Isotonic saline solutions, buffered with potassium phosphate or sodium phosphate salts, were evaluated in parallel with unbuffered saline to determine if they improved antibody detection by solid phase red cell adherence or hemagglutination methods. Saline buffered to a pH of 7.0 to 7.5, when used to suspend red cells or to wash sensitized red cells in preparation for the antiglobulin test, produced the best positive solid phase and hemagglutination results. The pH range of commercially prepared blood bank saline (unbuffered) was found to be 5.8 to 6.8, far lower than the desired pH for optimum antibody detection. In the case of solid phase assays employing intact, immobilized reagent red cells, saline with a pH of 7.0 to 7.5 also eliminated falsely positive results due to the dissociation of red cell monolayers from the solid support surface that occurred in the presence of unbuffered or acidic saline. These findings indicate that unbuffered isotonic saline should not be used in solid phase- or hemagglutination-based antibody detection tests. It is recommended that phosphate-buffered saline at a pH of 7.0 to 7.5 be employed.
Immunohematology
1993;9:15.
Six monoclonal antibodies to the CD59 antigen
Authors: Bryant J.A. , Fletcher A. , Yuan F.F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
CD59 defines an N-glycosylated glycoprotein expressed on various hemopoietic cells. It is anchored to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage and restricts the action of homologous complement. Monoclonal antibodies 2/24, 1B2, Fib75.1, BRIC 229, MEM-43, and YTH 53.1 were compared by immunoblotting against normal erythrocyte ghosts. All six stained a diffuse band of 17–25 kDa, but BRIC 229 also detected bands at 35 and 80 kDa. 2/24 reacts with all red blood cells (RBCs) tested, including Rhnull; Oh; ii; KO; FY:−1,−2,−3 JK:−1,−2,−3; S-S-U−; p; CO:−1,−2; Yt(a–);Jr(a–); Vel–; At(a–); Cr(a–); GE:−2−3; Wr(a+b−); MkMk; Jo(a–); and Lan–. 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide treatment of erythrocytes destroyed blotting and serologic reactivity of all six antibodies. Pronase treatment reduced serologic reactivity and blotting ability of all antibodies except BRIC 229. Reactivity of all six antibodies was reduced with RBCs from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients. Flow cytometric analysis was used to demonstrate that 1B2, Fib75.1, BRIC 229, YTH 53.1, and MEM-43 competitively inhibited the binding of 2/24 to RBCs, thus demonstrating that all six antibodies detect epitopes on the same molecule.
Immunohematology
1993;9:68.
Case report: a time study of management of a chronically transfused patient with multiple antibodies
Authors: Kitchen K. , Corgan M. , Hillard B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This case report describes laboratory management of a chronically transfused sickle cell anemia patient with multiple antibodies and the time involved in providing compatible red cells for transfusion. Time was evaluated using the laboratory workload recording method of the College of American Pathologists. Red cell units were sent to the hospital within 24 to 48 hours from receipt of a referral sample, despite a workload recording time in excess of 15 hours for a typical sample.
Immunohematology
1993;9:81.
A Polynesian family showing co-dominant inheritance of normal glycophorin C and the Gerbich variant form of glycophorin C
Authors: Reid M.E. , Poole J. , Liew Y.W. , Pinder L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two individuals with the rare Ge:−2,−3,4 phenotype (Gerbich type of Gerbich negative) were identified in a family of Polynesian descent who reside in the Cook Islands. In initial serologic tests, all other family members typed as Ge-positive, and heterozygous individuals could not be identified. Further studies on blood samples from seven members of this Polynesian family by immunoblotting and hemagglutination tests on trypsin-treated red blood cells showed that normal glycophorin C and the prodUR of the Gerbich allele were inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
Immunohematology
1992;8:29–32.
Cytomegalovirus antibody screening on the Olympus PK7100
Authors: Mohabir L.A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Olympus PK™ CMV system (OHA) for the detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was evaluated for use on the Olympus PK7100 automated pretransfusion blood testing instrument. Indeterminate reactions were obtained with 18 (1.2%) of the 1,495 samples originally tested, of which 9, 6, and 3 were OHA positive, indeterminate, and negative, respectively, on retest. The OHA was found to have a concordance of 99.7 percent when tested in parallel with the CMV Scan latex agglutination test (LAT). There were four discrepant results in the 1,495 donor plasmas tested by the two methods. Two of the three samples that were positive by the LAT and negative by the OHA test were also negative with the IMx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). The OHA failed to detect antibodies to CMV in a sample that was positive by the IMx ELISA, CFT, and LAT. The IMx ELISA, which was regarded as the arbiter of true positivity, yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 99.9 percent and 100 percent respectively, for the Olympus PK™ CMV system. Forty percent of 1,807 random blood donors in this region had antibodies to CMV. CMV testing can be performed simultaneously with blood grouping and red cell antibody screening on the Olympus PK7100. Immunohematology 1992;8:41–43.
Recent Advances in siRNA Delivery Systems for Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Aghamiri Shahin , Raee Pourya , Shahmohamadnejad Shiva , Shabani Sasan , Ghorbani Jaber , Sameni Marzieh , Ebrahimi Mohammad Taha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
The critical problems of conventional prostate cancer therapeutic strategies like nonspecific
toxicity and multi-drug resistance prompted the development and application of countless nanoparticle-
based siRNA therapeutics. Unfortunately, siRNA-based therapeutics suffer from the lack of
safe and effective delivery systems, immune system stimulation, poor knowledge of nano-bio interactions,
and limitations concerning designing, manufacturing, clinical translation, and commercialization.
In this review, we provide cutting-edge advances in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery
carriers like polymeric systems, lipid systems, specific systems, and rigid nanoparticles for the treatment
of prostate cancer. Moreover, co-delivery of conventional chemotherapy drugs with siRNA as a
revolutionary robust strategy for prostate cancer combinational therapy is completely covered.
A Mini-Review on the Effectiveness of Peptoids as Therapeutic Interventions against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Paul Subha Sankar , Biswas Goutam 
Published: June 2021

:
Neurodegenerative diseases have emerged as one of the major age-associated diseases in
recent years. Hence, the urge to understand the mechanism and to find targeted therapeutics becomes
inevitable. Peptide-based compounds have emerged as one of the important tools for their
therapy. However, due to a lack of tolerability, specificity, and proteolytic degradation, they have
lost their applicability in the broader sense.

:
Thus, the search for suitable alternatives or peptidomimetics becomes an important criterion for
neurotherapeutics. One of the versatile peptidomimetics is N-substituted glycines or peptoids, which
retain many properties of peptides but successfully evade the drawbacks of peptides. Peptoids are
manifested with greater cellular permeability, less immunogenicity, and their ability to be administered
intra-nasally. These properties enhance their potential as neurotherapeutics with respect to
their peptide counterparts. Recently, peptoids have been explored for neurotherapeutic applications
as aggregation inhibitors, cell signaling pathways modulators, and agents for inhibiting inflammation
via multiple mechanisms. Peptoids, due to their versatility and low production cost, are becoming
popular among peptidomimetics as potential neurotherapeutic agents. In this review, the diverse
applications of peptoids with respect to neurodegenerative disease have been explored.