bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ascertaining minimal clinically meaningful changes in symptoms of depression rated by the 15‐item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
Authors: Haase Ingo , Winkeler Markus , Imgart Hartmut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIn clinical practise and in clinical studies on depression it is important to estimate whether changes in symptomatology measured by self‐rating instruments are, in fact, clinically relevant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to estimate the clinical relevance of changes on the 15‐item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D‐15) based on the concept of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).MethodsData was acquired from 4781 patients with depression symptoms from a German psychosomatic hospital who have been assessed using the CES‐D‐15 before and after treatment. Threshold values representing the MCID were estimated on the basis of mean change scores and sensitivity/specificity analyses. Patients' global impression of change, clinical (therapists') global impression of change and change in impairment severity were used as external anchor criteria.ResultsOn average, the MCID was represented by a reduction of approximately 11 points in the CES‐D‐15, irrespective of age, gender, type of treatment and first or secondary diagnosis. However, higher baseline scores in the CES‐D‐15 required larger changes of raw values to represent a clinically important difference.ConclusionsAnchor‐based values are suggested here as an estimation of the clinical relevance of changes in the CES‐D‐15. Thus, instead of relying solely on effect sizes, the evaluation of treatment outcomes should be supplemented by reporting the percentage of patients who have reached the MCID. Further examinations to verify our results in other patient populations and with other types of anchor criteria will be needed.
Workplace interventions to prevent or reduce post‐traumatic stress disorder and symptoms among hospital nurses: A scoping review
Authors: Liyanage Sugee , Addison Sonja , Ham Elke , Hilton N. Zoe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify literature on evaluated workplace interventions to prevent or reduce the prevalence or impact of work‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms among hospital nurses. A second objective was to summarise and compare the characteristics and effectiveness of these interventions.BackgroundA substantial proportion of nurses report PTSD symptoms. Previous reviews have synthesised interventions to address PTSD in military and other high‐risk populations, but similar work focusing on nurses has yet to be conducted.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review with the question: What interventions have been studied to prevent or treat PTSD symptoms or PTSD among nurses working in hospitals? We followed the PRISMA Scoping Review Checklist using an unregistered protocol. We searched in twelve academic and grey literature databases (e.g. MedLine, CINAHL) with no language restrictions. We included publications reporting on interventions which were evaluated for measurable impacts on PTSD and PTSD symptoms among nursing staff working in inpatient settings from 1980 to 2019, and charted study characteristics in a spreadsheet.ResultsFrom 7746 results, 63 studies moved to full‐text screening, and six studies met inclusion criteria. Methodologies included three randomised controlled studies, one quasi‐experimental study, one pre‐post feasibility study and one descriptive correlational study. Four studies reported a significant reduction in PTSD scores in intervention groups compared with baseline or comparison, when using debriefing, guided imagery or mindfulness‐based exercises.ConclusionsThis review identified six studies evaluating hospital‐based interventions to reduce PTSD and PTSD symptoms among hospital nurses, with some positive effects reported, contributing to a preliminary evidence base on reducing workplace trauma. Larger studies can compare nurse subpopulations, and system‐level interventions should expand the focus from individuals to organisations.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review can inform nursing and hospital leaders developing evidence‐based interventions for PTSD among nurses.
The proper role of history in evolutionary explanations
Authors: Reydon Thomas A. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvolutionary explanations are not only common in the biological sciences, but also widespread outside biology. But an account of how evolutionary explanations perform their explanatory work is still lacking. This paper develops such an account. I argue that available accounts of explanations in evolutionary science miss important parts of the role of history in evolutionary explanations. I argue that the historical part of evolutionary science should be taken as having genuine explanatory force, and that it provides how‐possibly explanations sensu Dray. I propose an account of evolutionary explanations as comparative‐composite explanations consisting of two distinct kinds of explanations, one processual and one historical, that are connected via the explanandum's evolvability to show how the explanandum is the product of its evolutionary past. The account is both a reconstruction of how evolutionary explanations in biology work and a guideline specifying what kind of explanations evolutionary research programs should develop.
Dietary polyphenol and microbiota interactions in the context of prostate health
Authors: Piwowarski Jakub P. , Stanisławska Iwona , Granica Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent data strongly indicate a relationship between prostate health and gut microbiota, in which composition and physiological function strictly depend on dietary patterns. The bidirectional interplay of foods containing polyphenols, such as ellagitannins, condensed tannins, lignans, isoflavones, and prenylated flavonoids with human gut microbiota, has been proven to contribute to their impact on prostate health. Considering the attributed role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of prostate diseases, this paper aims to critically review the studies concerning the influence of polyphenols’ postbiotic metabolites on processes associated with the pathophysiology of prostate diseases. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on polyphenols have been juxtaposed with the current knowledge regarding their pharmacokinetics, microbial metabolism, and potential interactions with microbiota harboring different niches of the human organism. Directions of future research on dietary polyphenols regarding their interaction with microbiota and prostate health have been indicated.
Adaptive body awareness predicts fewer central sensitization‐related symptoms and explains relationship between central sensitization‐related symptoms and pain intensity: A cross‐sectional study among individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Colgan Dana Dharmakaya , Eddy Ashley , Green Kaylie , Oken Barry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization (CS), defined as the amplification of neural signaling within the CNS that elicits pain hypersensitivity, is thought be a characteristic of several chronic pain conditions. Maladaptive body awareness is thought to contribute and maintain CS. Less is known about the relationship between CS and adaptive body awareness.PurposeThis cross‐sectional study investigated relationships among self‐reported adaptive body awareness (Multidimensional Interoceptive Awareness Scale‐2; MAIA‐2), CS‐related symptoms (Central Sensitization Inventory; CSI), and pain intensity and further delineate potential direct and indirect links among these constructs.MethodsOnline surveys were administered to 280 individuals with chronic pain reporting elevated CSI scores. Strategic sampling targeted respondents to reflect the 2010 census. Pearson's correlations characterized overall relationship between variables. Multiple regression analyses investigated potential direct links. A path analysis assessed mediational effects of CS‐related symptoms on the relationship between adaptive body awareness and pain intensity.ResultsCSI demonstrated strong, inverse correlations with some MAIA‐2 subscales, but positive correlations with others. Higher CSI scores predicted greater pain intensity (b = 0.049,p ≤ 0.001). Two MAIA‐2 subscales,Not‐Distracting(b = −0.56,p ≤ 0.001) andNot‐Worrying(b = −1.17,p ≤ 0.001) were unique predictors of lower CSI.Not‐Distracting(b = −0.05,p = 0.003)and Not‐Worrying(b = −0.06,p = 0.007) uniquely predicted lower pain intensity. CSI completely mediated the relationship between adaptive body awareness and pain intensity [point estimate = −0.04; 95% bootstrap confident intervals (CI) = −0.05 to −0.02].ConclusionsFindings also support future research to explore causal relationships of variables. Findings suggest that frequency of attention to bodily sensations is distinct from cognitive‐affective appraisal of bodily sensation, and the two distinct higher order processes may have divergent influences on perceived pain and CS‐related symptoms. Results also support future research to explore causal relationships of variables.
Restrictive dermopathy: Three new patients with ZMPSTE24 mutations and a review of the literature
Authors: Scott Jennifer B. , Yanes Arianna F. , Vivar Karina L. , Yun Duri , Wagner Annette , Kruse Lacey , Mancini Anthony J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRestrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare and lethal laminopathy caused by mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24. This series reports 3 patients with RD and reviews the literature of the 113 previously reported cases, including highlights of the unique constellation of clinical findings in RD, as well as histologic, radiographic, and genetic features. Early recognition of these characteristic features is vital to establish a prompt diagnosis and provide adequate family counseling for this terminal condition.
Deprotonation Dynamics of Guanine Radical Cations†
Authors: Balanikas Evangelos , Banyasz Akos , Baldacchino Gérard , Markovitsi Dimitra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review is dedicated to guanine radical cations (G+)· that are precursors to oxidatively generated damage to DNA. (G+)· are unstable in neutral aqueous solution and tend to lose a proton. The deprotonation process has been studied by time‐resolved absorption experiments in which (G+)· radicals are produced either by an electron abstraction reaction, using an external oxidant, or by low‐energy/low‐intensity photoionization of DNA. Both the position of the released proton and the dynamics of the process depend on the secondary DNA structure. While deprotonation in duplex DNA leads to (G‐H1)· radicals, in guanine quadruplexes the (G‐H2)· analogs are observed. Deprotonation in monomeric guanosine proceeds with a time constant of ~60 ns; in genomic DNA, it is completed within 2 µs; and in guanine quadruplexes, it spans from at least 30 ns to over 50 µs. Such a deprotonation dynamics in four‐stranded structures, extended over more than three decades of times, is correlated with the anisotropic structure of DNA and the mobility of its hydration shell. In this case, commonly used second‐order reaction models are inappropriate for its description.
High genetic diversity and low structure in an endemic long‐lived tree, Yucca capensis (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Luna‐Ortiz A. , Arteaga M. C. , Bello‐Bedoy R. , Gasca‐Pineda J. , León de la Luz J. L. , Domínguez‐Cadena R. , Medel‐Narváez A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Endemic species distributed in fragmented habitats are highly vulnerable to extinction because they may have low genetic diversity. However, some life‐history traits can mitigate the effect of genetic drift on populations. We analysed the level and distribution of genetic variation and ancestral population size of Yucca capensis, a long‐lived endemic plant of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Its populations are scattered across a habitat that is suffering accelerated transformation.

We used six nuclear microsatellites to genotype 224 individuals from 17 locations across the entire species' geographic range. We estimated polymorphisms, heterozygosity and genetic structure. We also evaluated the ancestral and recent effective size and time since the population started to change.

We found high heterozygosity, high polymorphism and low differentiation among locations, suggesting a panmictic population across the range. We also detected a large ancestral effective population size, which suffered a strong reduction in the Mid‐Holocene.

Despite changes in environmental conditions caused by habitat modification, the high diversity and low differentiation in Y. capensis may result from its large ancestral effective size and life‐history traits, such as plant longevity, clonal growth and mating system, which reduce the rate of loss of genetic variation. However, the dependence on a specialist pollinator that displays short flight range can reduce gene flow among the plant populations and could, shortly, lead them into an extinction vortex.
Dose‐dependent association between xerostomia and number of medications among older adults
Authors: Storbeck Tanner , Qian Fang , Marek Cindy , Caplan Daniel , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose/AimTo investigate factors associated with self‐reported dry mouth (xerostomia) among older adults seeking dental care at a University clinic.Materials and MethodsA query was performed in the electronic records database and de‐identified data were collected from patients aged 65 + recorded on the date that the initial health history was entered. Among these patients, data about patients’ medications, gender, age, BMI, tobacco use, alcohol addiction, diabetes, heart disease, joint replacement, allergies to medications, hypertension, and mental disorders were obtained. Evaluation of potential risk factors for dry mouth was performed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyzes (alpha = 0.05).ResultsA total of 11,061 subjects were included in the analysis, 51.5% of whom were women. The mean age in years was 74.2 ± 7.0, the median number of medications was 7 (IQR = 4–11), and 38.5% of the participants reported dry mouth. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of xerostomia for subjects who took 11 +, 7–10, or 4–6 medications were 3.34, 2.07, or 1.38 times those of subjects who had took 0–3 medications, respectively.ConclusionNumber of medications showed a strong and dose‐dependent association with xerostomia.
Identification of sequence motifs in Lhcx proteins that confer qE‐based photoprotection in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Buck Jochen M. , Kroth Peter G. , Lepetit Bernard 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPhotosynthetic organisms in nature often experience light fluctuations. While low light conditions limit the energy uptake by algae, light absorption exceeding the maximal rate of photosynthesis may go along with enhanced formation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. To preempt high light‐induced photodamage, photosynthetic organisms evolved numerous photoprotective mechanisms. Among these, energy‐dependent fluorescence quenching (qE) provides a rapid mechanism to dissipate thermally the excessively absorbed energy. Diatoms thrive in all aquatic environments and thus belong to the most important primary producers on earth. qE in diatoms is provided by a concerted action of Lhcx proteins and the xanthophyll cycle pigment diatoxanthin. While the exact Lhcx activation mechanism of diatom qE is unknown, two lumen‐exposed acidic amino acids within Lhcx proteins were proposed to function as regulatory switches upon light‐induced lumenal acidification. By introducing a modified Lhcx1 lacking these amino acids into a Phaeodactylum tricornutum Lhcx1‐null qE knockout line, we demonstrate that qE is unaffected by these two amino acids. Based on sequence comparisons with Lhcx4, being incapable of providing qE, we perform domain swap experiments of Lhcx4 with Lhcx1 and identify two peptide motifs involved in conferring qE. Within one of these motifs, we identify a tryptophan residue with a major influence on qE establishment. This tryptophan residue is located in close proximity to the diadinoxanthin/diatoxanthin‐binding site based on the recently revealed diatom Lhc crystal structure. Our findings provide a structural explanation for the intimate link of Lhcx and diatoxanthin in providing qE in diatoms.
Reduced ‘Border effects’, Free Trade Agreements and international trade
Authors: Franco‐Bedoya Sebastian , Frohm Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of ‘border effects’ and the implementation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on international trade in manufacturing goods. We take advantage of the time dimension in a panel setting to capture the rise of trade in final goods and intermediate inputs that are a distinguishing feature of Global Value Chains (GVCs). Our results suggest that reduced border effects account for the bulk of the increase in international manufacturing trade. The cost of a national border is estimated to have fallen by around 4.3% per year for trade in final goods and 2.8% for trade in intermediate inputs. Moreover, we show that it is important to control for different border effects for final goods and intermediate inputs when estimating the trade impact of FTAs in gravity equations. With this enhancement, our results suggest that FTAs increase trade in final goods by 52% after ten years, with no statistically significant difference for trade in intermediate inputs. We also find evidence that FTAs that more comprehensive FTAs like the European Union have a greater trade effect than the average FTA.
Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor D is involved in modulation of murine gastrointestinal motility
Authors: Xu Min , Li Jia , Zhang Zhudi , Liu Lin , Wan Fengyi , Tang Zongxiang , Lan Lei 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?The physiological function of Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor D (MrgprD) in gastrointestinal motility is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MrgprD and its receptor agonists on murine gastrointestinal motility.
What is the main finding and its importance?Mrgprd deficiency improved murine gastrointestinal motility in vivo but had no effects on the spontaneous contractions of murine intestinal rings ex vivo. Systemic administration of the MrgprD ligand, either β‐alanine or alamandine, delayed gastrointestinal transit in vivo and attenuated the spontaneous contractions of isolated intestinal rings ex vivo.
AbstractMas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor D (MrgprD) was first identified in sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglion and has been demonstrated to be involved in sensations of pain and itch. Although expression of MrgprD has recently been found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, its physiological role in GI motility is unknown. To address this question, we used Mrgprd knockout (Mrgprd−/−) mice and MrgprD agonists to examine the effects of Mrgprd gene deletion and MrgprD signalling activation, respectively, on murine intestinal motility, both in vivo and ex vivo. We observed that the deletion of Mrgprd accelerated the transmission of charcoal through the mouse GI tract. But Mrgprd deficiency did not affect the mean amplitudes and frequencies of spontaneous contractions in ileum ex vivo. Colonic motor complexes in the proximal and the distal colon were recorded from wild‐type and Mrgprd−/− mice, but their control frequencies were not different. Moreover, in wild‐type mice, systemic administration of an MrgprD agonist, either β‐alanine or alamandine, delayed GI transit in vivo and suppressed spontaneous contractions in the ileum and colonic motor complexes in the colon ex vivo. Our results suggest that MrgprD and its agonist are involved in the modulation of GI motility in mice.
The association between pain‐induced autonomic reactivity and descending pain control is mediated by the periaqueductal grey
Authors: Makovac Elena , Venezia Alessandra , Hohenschurz‐Schmidt David , Dipasquale Ottavia , Jackson Jade B. , Medina Sonia , O'Daly Owen , Williams Steve C. R. , McMahon Stephen B. , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a strict interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and pain, which might involve descending pain modulatory mechanisms. The periaqueductal grey (PAG) is involved both in descending pain modulation and ANS, but its role in mediating this relationship has not yet been explored. Here, we sought to determine brain regions mediating ANS and descending pain control associations. Thirty participants underwent conditioned pain modulation (CPM) assessments, in which they rated painful pressure stimuli applied to their thumbnail, either alone or with a painful cold contralateral stimulation. Differences in pain ratings between ‘pressure‐only’ and ‘pressure + cold’ stimuli provided a measure of descending pain control. In 18 of the 30 participants, structural scans and two functional MRI assessments, one pain‐free and one during cold‐pain were acquired. Heart rate variability (HRV) was simultaneously recorded. Normalised low‐frequency HRV (LF‐HRVnu) and the CPM score were negatively correlated; individuals with higher LF‐HRVnu during pain reported reductions in pain during CPM. PAG‐ventro‐medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and PAG‐rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) functional connectivity correlated negatively with the CPM. Importantly, PAG‐vmPFC functional connectivity mediated the strength of the LF‐HRVnu‐CPM association. CPM response magnitude was also negatively correlated with vmPFC GM volume. Our multi‐modal approach, using behavioural, physiological and MRI measures, provides important new evidence of interactions between ANS and descending pain mechanisms. ANS dysregulation and dysfunctional descending pain modulation are characteristics of chronic pain. We suggest that further investigation of body‐brain interactions in chronic pain patients may catalyse the development of new treatments.
imageKey points
Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with descending pain modulation as measured by the conditioned pain modulation protocol (CPM).
There is an association between CPM scores and the functional connectivity between the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and ventro‐medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).
CPM scores are also associated with vmPFC grey matter volume.
The strength of functional connectivity between the PAG and vmPFC mediates the association between HRV and CPM.
Our data provide new evidence of interactions between the autonomic nervous system and descending pain mechanisms.
Fraccionamientos cerrados en los entornos segregados del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara y sus experiencias espaciales
Authors: Sevilla Villalobos Salvador 
Published: October 2021

La globalización en los contextos latinoamericanos ha convertido a los fraccionamientos cerrados en uno de los negocios vinculados a la urbanización que mayor grado de rentabilidad tiene, al posicionar una red de residencias fortificadas particulares a partir de su adaptabilidad en los contextos históricos y socioculturales en los que se localizan. El avanceen los estudios de estos entornos, sin embargo, limita a concebirlos como entidades que mantienen en su interior individuos en estado de enclaustramiento, ajenos del mundo público. Con la intención de evidenciar su existencia, particularidad como nuevo agente de la urbe y el grado de participación, el presente texto expone los comportamientos espaciales cotidianos de la población de uno de estos desarrollos inmobiliarios ubicados en la zona marginada del Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, el fraccionamiento Jardines de San Rafael, al centrarse en explorar las relaciones multiescalares que influyen en que estos sean conformados.