bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keplerian trigonometry
Authors: Gambini Alessandro , Nicoletti Giorgio , Ritelli Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTaking the hint from usual parametrization of circle and hyperbola, and inspired by the pathwork initiated by Cayley and Dixon for the parametrization of the “Fermat” elliptic curve $$x^3+y^3=1$$

x
3

+

y
3

=
1

, we develop an axiomatic study of what we call “Keplerian maps”, that is, functions $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathbf {m}}}\,}}(\kappa )$$

m

(
κ
)

mapping a real interval to a planar curve, whose variable $$\kappa $$
κ
measures twice the signed area swept out by the O-ray when moving from 0 to $$\kappa $$
κ
. Then, given a characterization of k-curves, the images of such maps, we show how to recover the k-map of a given parametric or algebraic k-curve, by means of suitable differential problems.
Augmented reality navigation in spine surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Burström Gustav , Persson Oscar , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundConventional spinal navigation solutions have been criticized for having a negative impact on time in the operating room and workflow. AR navigation could potentially alleviate some of these concerns while retaining the benefits of navigated spine surgery. The objective of this study is to summarize the current evidence for using augmented reality (AR) navigation in spine surgery.MethodsWe performed a systematic review to explore the current evidence for using AR navigation in spine surgery. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception to November 27, 2020, for data on the AR navigation solutions; the reported efficacy of the systems; and their impact on workflow, radiation, and cost-benefit relationships.ResultsIn this systematic review, 28 studies were included in the final analysis. The main findings were superior workflow and non-inferior accuracy when comparing AR to free-hand (FH) or conventional surgical navigation techniques. A limited number of studies indicated decreased use of radiation. There were no studies reporting mortality, morbidity, or cost-benefit relationships.ConclusionsAR provides a meaningful addition to FH surgery and traditional navigation methods for spine surgery. However, the current evidence base is limited and prospective studies on clinical outcomes and cost-benefit relationships are needed.
The impact of COVID-19 on surgical training: a systematic review
Authors: Hope C. , Reilly J.-J. , Griffiths G. , Lund J. , Humes D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused global disruption to health care. Non-urgent elective surgical cases have been cancelled, outpatient clinics have reduced and there has been a reduction in the number of patients presenting as an emergency. These factors will drastically affect the training opportunities of surgical trainees. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training globally.MethodsThe review was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched.ResultsThe searches identified 499 articles, 29 of which were included in the review. This contained data from more than 20 countries with 5260 trainees and 339 programme directors. Redeployment to non-surgical roles varied across studies from 6% to 35.1%. According to all of the studies, operative experience has been reduced. Knowledge learning had been switched to online platforms across 17 of the studies and 7 reported trainees had increased time to devote to educational/academic activities. All of the studies reporting on mental health report negative associations with increased stress, ranging from 54.9% to 91.6% of trainees.ConclusionsThe impact of COVID-19 on surgical trainees has been experienced globally and across all specialities. Negative effects are not limited to operative and clinical experience, but also the mental health and wellbeing of trainees. Delivery of surgical training will need to move away from traditional models of learning to ensure trainees are competent and well supported.
Concurrent germline BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2 pathogenic variants in hereditary breast cancer: a case series
Authors: Sukumar Jasmine , Kassem Mahmoud , Agnese Doreen , Pilarski Robert , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Sweet Kevin , Sardesai Sagar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent germline (g) pathogenic variants related to hereditary breast cancer represent a rare occurrence. While double heterozygosity in gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 has been reported in the past, herein we describe the first case of three known concurrent pathogenic variants identified in a family with a strong history of breast cancer.Case presentationThe proband is a 55-year-old female diagnosed with synchronous bilateral breast cancers. She underwent a multi-gene panel testing indicating the presence of 3 concurrent heterozygous germline deleterious variants inBRCA1(c.181T > G), BRCA2 (c.4398_4402delACATT), and CHEK2 (1100delC). The patient’s two daughters (34 and 29 years-old) were found to be transheterozygous for inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1(c.181T > G)and CHEK2(1100delC)genes.ConclusionThe cancer risk and phenotypic manifestations associated with transheterozygous or multiple concurrent deleterious germline variants in hereditary breast cancer requires further investigation. A personalized approach to counseling, screening, and risk reduction should be undertaken for these individuals.
Graph Constructions for the Contact Process with a Prescribed Critical Rate
Authors: Bethuelsen Stein Andreas , da Silva Gabriel Baptista , Valesin Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe construct graphs (trees of bounded degree) on which the contact process has critical rate (which will be the same for both global and local survival) equal to any prescribed value between zero and $$\lambda _c({\mathbb {Z}})$$

λ
c

(
Z
)

, the critical rate of the one-dimensional contact process. We exhibit both graphs in which the process at this target critical value survives (locally) and graphs where it dies out (globally).
Increased oxytocin release precedes hyponatremia after pituitary surgery
Authors: Constanthin Paul Eugène , Isidor Nathalie , de Seigneux Sophie , Momjian Shahan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a well-known complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, related to inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Its diagnosis is based on hyponatremia, with a peak of occurrence around day 7 after surgery and, to date, no early marker has been reported. In particular, copeptin levels are not predictive of hyponatremia in this case. Oxytocin (OXT) is secreted into the peripheral blood by axon terminals adjacent to those of AVP neurons in the posterior pituitary. Besides its role in childbirth and lactation, recent evidences suggested a role for OXT in sodium balance. The contribution of this hormone in the dysnatremias observed after pituitary surgery has however never been investigated.

Methods
We analyzed the urinary output of OXT in patients subjected to transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Results
While OXT excretion remained stable in patients who presented a normonatremic postoperative course, patients who were later diagnosed with SIADH-related hyponatremia presented with a significantly increased urinary secretion of OXT 4 days after surgery.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results show for the first time that urinary OXT output remains normally stable after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. OXT excretion however becomes abnormally high on or around 4 days after surgery in patients later developing hyponatremia, suggesting that this abnormal dynamics of OXT secretion might serve as an early marker for transsphenoidal surgery-related hyponatremia attributed to SIADH.
The Intercultural Dialogue Index (ICDI): An Index for Assessing Intercultural Relations
Authors: Mansouri Fethi , Elias Amanuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntercultural dialogue (ICD) refers to a process of contact, interaction and exchange of views on the basis of equality, respect, and mutual understanding between individuals or groups from diverse backgrounds. A large body of research has discussed ICD and its potential value for fostering social cohesion and peaceful coexistence across difference. However, there is a lack of robust benchmark data that precludes researchers and practitioners from empirically testing assumptions and hypotheses pertaining to ICD. This article discusses the development of the Intercultural Dialogue Index (ICDI), a proposed composite index for measuring the extent to which ICD is being pursued and implemented as a diversity management tool within different countries. The index builds on the conceptual assumptions underpinning ICD, uses publicly accessible data, and applies methods that allow for replication, upgrading and comparability with relevant indices. This article assesses ICD prevalence for 51 countries based on three interrelated dimensions covering legislative and structural environments as well as opportunities for intercultural encounters. Altogether, 31 indicators across the three dimensions are identified and grouped under 10 broad components to capture both macro- and micro-level factors affecting ICD and intergroup relationships nationally and globally. The article briefly summarises some preliminary ICDI findings and discusses key methodological constraints and conceptual challenges. Theoretical and practical implications of ICDI are also provided.
Embodied skillful performance: where the action is
Authors: Hipólito Inês , Baltieri Manuel , Friston Karl , Ramstead Maxwell J. D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen someone masters a skill, their performance looks to us like second nature: it looks as if their actions are smoothly performed without explicit, knowledge-driven, online monitoring of their performance. Contemporary computational models in motor control theory, however, areinstructionist: that is, they cast skillful performance as a knowledge-driven process. Optimal motor control theory (OMCT), as representativepar excellenceof such approaches, casts skillful performance as an instruction, instantiated in the brain, that needs to be executed—a motor command. This paper aims to show the limitations of such instructionist approaches to skillful performance. We specifically address the question of whether the assumption of control-theoretic models is warranted. The first section of this paper examines the instructionist assumption, according to which skillful performance consists of the execution of theoretical instructions harnessed in motor representations. The second and third sections characterize the implementation of motor representations as motor commands, with a special focus on formulations from OMCT. The final sections of this paper examine predictive coding and active inference—behavioral modeling frameworks that descend, but are distinct, from OMCT—and argue that the instructionist, control-theoretic assumptions are ill-motivated in light of new developments in active inference.
An Attempt to Decompose the Impact of Land Use and Climate Change on Annual Runoff in a Small Agricultural Catchment
Authors: Krajewski Adam , Sikorska-Senoner Anna E. , Hejduk Leszek , Banasik Kazimierz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study are: i) to better understand the coupled interactions between land use changes, climate change and the aquatic ecosystem in a small agricultural catchment (<100 km2) with a long observation history (1963–2018) and a known land use history, and ii) to test available approaches to separate land use and climate change impacts on water resources in such a small catchment. The pre- and post-change periods have been separated based on change points and the known land use history. Next, conceptual and analytical approaches were applied to quantify and to distinguish between the impacts of climate and land use changes on annual runoff for these two periods. Over the observation period, both land use changes (increase in forest areas) as well as climate change (a temperature rise and a decrease in annual precipitation) occurred. These changes contributed to a decrease in the average annual runoff by 51.9 mm (49% of the long-term average) during the observation period. The quantified contributions of climate and land use changes to the decrease in the mean annual runoff amount to between 60% and 80% and between 40% and 20%, respectively. (i) The results obtained from different methods were consistent - a change in runoff was primarily caused by shifts in climatic variables. (ii) However, the quantified contributions varied depending on the method applied and the form of the Budyko curve. (iii) Thus, special care should be taken in relation to the selection of the Budyko curve for quantifying these changes. (iv) Knowledge of the water deficit sources can result in better planning of water resources management in such small catchments.
The Global Domain of the Dollar: Eight Questions
Authors: McCauley Robert N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Since the late 1950s, the rest of the world has come to use the dollar to an extent that justifies speaking of the dollar’s global domain. The rest of the world denominates much debt in U.S. dollars, extending U.S. monetary policy’s sway. In addition, in outstanding foreign exchange deals, the rest of the world has undertaken to pay still more in U.S. dollars: off-balance-sheet dollar debts buried in footnotes. Consistent with the scale of dollar debt, most of the world economic activity takes place in countries with currencies tied to or relatively stable against the dollar, forming a dollar zone much larger than the euro zone. Even though the dollar assets of the world (minus the United States) exceed dollar liabilities, corporate sector dollar debts seem to make dollar appreciation akin to a global tightening of credit. Since the 1960s, claims that the dollar’s global role suffers from instability and confers great benefits on the U.S. economy have attracted much support. However, evidence that demand for dollars from official reserve managers forces unsustainable U.S. current account or fiscal deficits is not strong. The so-called exorbitant privilege is small or shared. In 2008 and again in 2020, the Federal Reserve demonstrated a willingness and capacity to backstop the global domain of the dollar. Politics could constrain the Fed’s ability to backstop the growing share of the domain of the dollar accounted for by countries that are not on such friendly terms with the U.S.
Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for screening of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population and commercial drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lina , Pivetta Bianca , Nagappa Mahesh , Saripella Aparna , Islam Sazzadul , Englesakis Marina , Chung Frances 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a critical occupational health concern, but is often undiagnosed in the general population and commercial drivers. The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a simple, reliable tool to screen for OSA, which could improve public health in a cost-effective manner. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the validity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire to detect OSA in these key populations.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Journals @ Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL for relevant articles from 2008 to March 2020. The quality of studies was appraised using Cochrane Methods criteria. To calculate pooled predictive parameters, we created 2 × 2 contingency tables and performed random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Of 3871 citations, five studies that evaluated STOP-Bang in the general population (n = 8585) and two in commercial drivers (n = 185) were included. In the general population, prevalence of all OSA (AHI ≥ 5), moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was 57.6%, 21.3%, and 7.8% respectively. In commercial drivers, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe OSA was 37.3%. The trends of high sensitivity and negative predictive value of a STOP-Bang score ≥ 3 illustrates that the questionnaire helps detect and rule out clinically significant OSA in the general population and commercial drivers.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrates that the STOP-Bang questionnaire is a valid and effective screening tool for OSA in the general population and commercial drivers.

Trial registration
PROSPERO No. CRD42020200379; 08/22/2020
Sublethal, sex-specific, osmotic, and metabolic impairments in embryonic and adult round stingrays from a location exposed to environmental contamination in southern California, USA
Authors: Lyons Kady , Wynne-Edwards Katherine E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic contaminants are known to affect a suite of physiological processes across vertebrate clades. However, despite their ancient lineage and important roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are understudied with regard to sublethal effects of contaminant exposure on metabolic processes. Perturbations resulting from contaminant exposure can divert energy away from maintaining physiological homeostasis, particularly during energetically challenging life stages, such as pregnancy and embryonic development. Using the round stingray (Urobatis halleri) as a model elasmobranch species, we captured adult males and pregnant females (matrotrophic histotrophy) and their embryos from two populations differing in their environmental exposure to organic contaminants (primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)). Pregnant females from the PCB-exposed population experienced significant decreases from early- to late-pregnancy in tissue mass and quality not seen in reference females. PCB-exposed pregnant females also failed to maintain plasma urea concentrations as pregnancy progressed, which was accompanied by a loss in muscle protein content. Despite the energetic demands of late-term pregnancy, females had significantly greater liver lipid content than reproductively inactive adult males. PCB-exposed adult males also had high metabolic capacity (i.e., enzyme activity) for most substrate groupings of all sex-site groups, suggesting that males may be even more negatively impacted by contaminant exposure than pregnant females. Evidence that in utero exposure to PCBs via maternal offloading impairs embryo outcomes is accumulating. Embryos from the PCB-contaminated site had lower tissue quality measures and indications that sex-based differences were manifesting in utero as males had higher metabolic capacities than females. This study indicates that accumulated PCB contaminants are not physiologically inert in the stingray.
Modeling heavy metal release in the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri
Authors: Vannini Andrea , Paoli Luca , Fedeli Riccardo , Kangogo Sharon Kwambai , Guarnieri Massimo , Ancora Stefania , Monaci Fabrizio , Loppi Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the release of Cu2+and Zn2+was investigated and modeled in the epiphytic lichenEvernia prunastri.Samples were incubated with solutions containing these metals at ecologically relevant concentrations (10 and 100 μM) and then transplanted to a remote area and retrieved after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The results showed that, after 12 months, all samples faced similar metal reductions of ca. 80–85%, but after this period, all the involved processes seem to be no longer capable of generating further reductions. These results suggest that the lichenE. prunastrican provide information about environmental improvements after exposure to high or very high pollution levels in a relatively short period of time.
Partizipative Angebotsentwicklung in einem Amt für Gesundheit
Authors: Pfister Andreas , Favre Olivier , Omlin Michèle , Wyss Sabrina 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Förderung psychischer Gesundheit im Jugendalter ist eine zentrale Aufgabe von Gesundheitsämtern. Die im Kanton Zug bewährten „10 Schritte für psychische Gesundheit“ sollten deshalb jugendgerecht angepasst werden. Im Artikel wird anhand des partizipativen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekts exemplarisch aufgezeigt, dass und wie partizipative Angebotsentwicklung in Gesundheitsämtern gelingen kann. Die methodischen Zugänge, die Ergebnisse und die Förderfaktoren und Stolpersteine in der Umsetzung werden beschrieben.MethodikDie jugendgerechte Anpassung der 10 Schritte wurde 2018 bis 2019 von Präventionsfachpersonen des Amts für Gesundheit im Kanton Zug mit Beteiligung von Jugendforschenden (6 Mädchen, 4 Jungen), einem Texter, einem Grafiker und zwei Wissenschaftler*innen vorgenommen. Es wurden Methoden der partizipativen Qualitätsentwicklung und der partizipativen Forschung eingesetzt.ErgebnisseDie 10 Schritte konnten basierend auf der partizipativen Studie und bestehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zu einer jugendgerechten Kampagne mit 4 Tipps für psychische Gesundheit („Kennsch es?“) weiterentwickelt werden. Die dabei verwendeten partizipativen Methoden Photovoice, Blitzbefragung, Brainstorming, „design thinking“ und der Einbezug Jugendlicher als Forschende erzielten gute Ergebnisse (zielgruppengerechte massenmediale Kampagne, Schulworkshops).SchlussfolgerungPartizipative Angebotsentwicklung in Ämtern ist unter Beachtung gewisser Förderfaktoren und Stolpersteine gut machbar. Praktiker*innen von Gesundheitsämtern können die dafür notwendigen partizipativen Prozesse initiieren, steuern und nachhaltig in einem Amt verankern.