bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acid treatment and calcination on the modification of zeolite X in diesel fuel hydrodesulphurization
Authors: Karami Hamid , Kazemeini Mohammad , Soltanali Saeed , Rashidzadeh Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFaujasite (X, Y) zeolites are considered the main and important catalysts in hydrorefining processes. In order to obtain zeolites with higher acidity and volume of mesopores, post‐synthesis modification, dealumination by different pickling techniques (using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] chelating agent), and thermal treatment (calcination) were employed. The dealumination process led to the removal of the aluminum atoms from the zeolite structure and a rise in acidity while maintaining the zeolite crystalline lattice. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD) analyses were performed to study the physicochemical characteristics of the zeolite and catalysts prepared. Atomic absorption spectroscopy showed an increase in the Si/Al ratio in the modified zeolites. Measuring the surface area of zeolite and the volume of the pores through BET‐BJH and t‐plot methods indicated a reduction in the surface area and an increase in the volume of the pores. Under the influence of the dealumination process, the volume of the mesopores in the modified zeolites increased from 0.056 cm3 g−1 in the initial zeolite (Na‐X) to 0.2105 cm3 g−1 (zeolite X1). The acidity of the modified zeolites (X1) increased from 0.32–0.95 mmol NH3/g. The application of the catalysts containing X1 zeolite in the hydrodesulphurization (HDS) process yielded a product with less sulphur (conversion = 87.5%).
Carbon doped selenium electrocatalyst toward CO2 reduction to chemical fuels
Authors: Chanda Debabrata , Basu Suddhasatwa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the catalytic performance of carbon‐doped selenium (C‐Se), prepared by a facile reproducible hydrothermal method, toward electro‐reduction of CO2 (ERC). Here, we adopted two binders, namely Fumion® (anion exchange) and Nafion® (cation exchange) to investigate the catalytic performance and product selectivity in alkaline electrolyte, KHCO3. The C‐Se/Fumion catalysts exhibit superior activity and stability toward ERC compared with C‐Se/Nafion. The main products obtained at a potential range (‐0.9 to ‐1.2 V vs. RHE) of ERC are CH4 and C2H6 for C‐Se/Nafion and CH4 for C‐Se/Fumion. The maximum faradic efficiency of the C‐Se/Nafion for CH4 and C2H6 production are 16.7% and 8.9% and that of the C‐Se/Fumion for CH4 production is 25.5% at ‐1.1 V vs. RHE. The present study reveals the influence of ionic binders on the selectivity of the ERC products.
Optical, anticancer, photoluminescent, and electrochemical properties of crystalline ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Assadullah Insaaf , Bhat Aadil Ahmad , Malik Javied Hamid , Malik Khurshaid Ahmad , Tomar Radha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report the fabrication of binary chalcogenide zinc sulfide (ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) paying a facial, economical, eco‐friendly, and template‐free chemical method. The as‐synthesized nanomaterial has a single cubic phase; based on its structural features, it was confirmed that the nanoparticles are grown as QDs (2‐10 nm). Morphological studies display the formation of agglomerated QDs (3 nm). The energy‐dispersive spectroscopy shows that the essential elements are in the stoichiometric ratio as in the precursor solutions. Optical properties confirmed that the QDs are suitable for optoelectronic devices revealing room‐temperature photoluminescence. The charge‐storage electrochemical activity was explored via electrochemical characterization performances. Electrochemical studies show that the synthesized material has charge storage ability. And according to the International Commission on Illumination, the ZnS QDs show green emission, thus presenting that the material will be useful for biological applications. In addition, these nanoparticles exhibit incredible anticancer activities especially against breast cancer cells and may be used for biological or biomedical applications as well.
Zircon U–Pb ages of Lohit Plutonic Complex, NE India: Constraints on episodic magmatism of eastern Trans‐Himalaya
Authors: Pebam James , Duraisamy Kamalakannan , Krishna Kalyanam V.S.S. , Sengupta Siladitya , Ghosh Joy Gopal , Kumar Rajeev , Basak Krishnapriya , Guha Dipayan 
Published: December 2021

The Lohit Plutonic Complex (LPC) represents Trans‐Himalayan magmatic rocks in the easternmost sector of the Himalayan Orogen. It is divided into leucogranite‐granodiorite‐diorite dominant suite in the NE and the gabbro‐diorite‐granodiorite‐granite–trondhjemite suite in the SE by the Walong Thrust. U–Pb geochronological analyses of euhedral zircon grains from different magmatic phases of LPC reveal episodic magmatism. Zircon U–Pb age of 153.4 ± 1.4 Ma of a garnetiferous granite gneiss suggest that the crustal sourced magmatism was active in Arunachal Trans‐Himalaya during the late Jurassic. U–Pb ages of subduction induced magmatic rocks of LPC range between 117 ± 0.6 Ma and 49.5 ± 0.3 Ma. A significant contribution in crustal recycling during the Oligocene–Miocene is evident from crustally derived leucogranites having U–Pb ages ranging from 35.6 ± 0.3 Ma to 30 ± 0.3 Ma. A comparison of the crystallization ages of the Western Trans‐Himalayan units with those of eastern Trans‐Himalayan units reveals an earlier onset of Tethyan arc magmatism in the eastern sector. The most prominent phase in the eastern sector is during the Late Cretaceous while western and central sector show major activity during the Palaeocene–Eocene.
Elucidating the structural–functional connectome of language in glioma‐induced aphasia using nTMS and DTI
Authors: Zhang Haosu , Ille Sebastian , Sogerer Lisa , Schwendner Maximilian , Schröder Axel , Meyer Bernhard , Wiestler Benedikt , Krieg Sandro M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlioma‐induced aphasia (GIA) is frequently observed in patients with newly diagnosed gliomas. Previous studies showed an impact of gliomas not only on local brain regions but also on the functionality and structure of brain networks. The current study used navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) to localize language‐related regions and to explore language function at the network level in combination with connectome analysis. Thirty glioma patients without aphasia (NA) and 30 patients with GIA were prospectively enrolled. Tumors were located in the vicinity of arcuate fasciculus‐related cortical and subcortical regions. The visualized ratio (VR) of each tract was calculated based on their respective fractional anisotropy (FA) and maximal FA. Using a thresholding method of each tract at 25% VR and 50% VR, DTI‐based tractography was performed to construct structural brain networks for graph‐based connectome analysis, containing functional data acquired by nTMS. The average degree of left hemispheric networks (Mleft) was higher in the NA group than in the GIA group for both VR thresholds. Differences of global and local efficiency between 25% and 50% VR thresholds were significantly lower in the NA group than in the GIA group. Aphasia levels correlated with connectome properties in Mleft and networks based on positive nTMS mapping regions (Mpos). A more substantial relation to language performance was found in Mpos and Mleft compared to the network of negative mapping regions (Mneg). Gliomas causing deterioration of language are related to various cerebral networks. In NA patients, mainly Mneg was impacted, while Mpos was impacted in GIA patients.
Advances in clinical basic research: Performance, treatments, and mechanisms of Parkinson disease
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Liu Yu‐Cong , Li Jing , Xu Hui‐Chan , Li Shun‐Lian , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe loss of neuronal in the substantia nigra of the elderly contributes to striatal damage and plays a critical part in the common forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD). The deficit of dopamine is one of the most familiar neuropathological features of PD as well as α‐Synuclein aggregation. The peripheral autonomic nervous system is also affected negatively during the course of the disease, although the subsistent of dyskinesias and else major motor characteristic deficits take significant role in the diagnostic methods during clinical practice, which is related to a number of non‐motor symptoms that might increase aggregate risks. Multiple pathways and mechanisms are involved in the molecular pathogenesis: α‐Synuclein, neuronal homeostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, as well as neuroinflammation. Investigations in the last few years for diagnostic biomarkers used neuroimaging, including single photon emission computed tomography as well as cutting‐edge magnetic resonance imaging techniques, which has been presented to facilitate discrepant diagnosis. Pharmacological treatment is also important and efficient in equal measure. In addition to reliance on striatal dopamine replacement therapy, many solutions that are used for motor or nonmotor symptoms in these patients are available.
“Just Bring Me Some Books to Read”: Exploring Parental Literacy Narratives Within the Dis/ability Community
Authors: Lampp Berglund Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParents of individuals with dis/abilities often grapple with their child’s dis/ability, as parents mediate their own experiences surrounding dis/ability. This research specifically investigates the literacy narratives in which parents reveal the literacy tools and practices they engaged with and in to aid in forming their own conceptions of dis/ability. Through narrative inquiry, three interviews with parents of children with dis/abilities were analyzed using postconventional perspectives of dis/ability to highlight the destabilization and multifaceted nature of dis/ability and the dis/ability experience. Findings drawn from parents’ literacy narratives suggest that parents have literacy experiences that stretch well beyond themselves and their immediate families and into the larger dis/ability community. Implications show that more pedagogical and communal resources are needed to support parents within the dis/ability community, as they search for ways to connect with others for emotional and educational purposes.
Ovarian cancer ascites induces skeletal muscle wasting in vitro and reflects sarcopenia in patients
Authors: Ubachs Jorne , van de Worp Wouter R.P.H. , Vaes Rianne D.W. , Pasmans Kenneth , Langen Ramon C. , Meex Ruth C.R. , van Bijnen Annemarie A.J.H.M. , Lambrechts Sandrina , Van Gorp Toon , Kruitwagen Roy F.P.M. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. , Rensen Sander S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCachexia‐associated skeletal muscle wasting or ‘sarcopenia’ is highly prevalent in ovarian cancer and contributes to poor outcome. Drivers of cachexia‐associated sarcopenia in ovarian cancer remain elusive, underscoring the need for novel and better models to identify tumour factors inducing sarcopenia. We aimed to assess whether factors present in ascites of sarcopenic vs. non‐sarcopenic ovarian cancer patients differentially affect protein metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and to determine if these effects are correlated to cachexia‐related patient characteristics.MethodsFifteen patients with an ovarian mass and ascites underwent extensive physical screening focusing on cachexia‐related parameters. Based on computed tomography‐based body composition imaging, six cancer patients were classified as sarcopenic and six were not; three patients with a benign condition served as an additional non‐sarcopenic control group. Ascites was collected, and concentrations of cachexia‐associated factors were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, ascites was used for in vitro exposure of C2C12 myotubes followed by measurements of protein synthesis and breakdown by radioactive isotope tracing, qPCR‐based analysis of atrophy‐related gene expression, and NF‐κB activity reporter assays.ResultsC2C12 protein synthesis was lower after exposure to ascites from sarcopenic patients (sarcopenia 3.1 ± 0.1 nmol/h/mg protein vs. non‐sarcopenia 5.5 ± 0.2 nmol/h/mg protein, P < 0.01), and protein breakdown rates tended to be higher (sarcopenia 31.2 ± 5.2% vs. non‐sarcopenia 20.9 ± 1.9%, P = 0.08). Ascites did not affect MuRF1, Atrogin‐1, or REDD1 expression of C2C12 myotubes, but NF‐κB activity was specifically increased in cells exposed to ascites from sarcopenic patients (sarcopenia 2.2 ± 0.4‐fold compared with control vs. non‐sarcopenia 1.2 ± 0.2‐fold compared with control, P = 0.01). Protein synthesis and breakdown correlated with NF‐κB activity (rs = −0.60, P = 0.03 and rs = 0.67, P = 0.01, respectively). The skeletal muscle index of the ascites donors was also correlated to both in vitro protein synthesis (rs = 0.70, P = 0.005) and protein breakdown rates (rs = −0.57, P = 0.04).ConclusionsAscites of sarcopenic ovarian cancer patients induces pronounced skeletal muscle protein metabolism changes in C2C12 cells that correlate with clinical muscle measures of the patient and that are characteristic of cachexia. The use of ascites offers a new experimental tool to study the impact of both tumour‐derived and systemic factors in various cachexia model systems, enabling identification of novel drivers of tissue wasting in ovarian cancer.
Safe endoscopic removal of ingested fish bone with esophageal perforation and impingement on the aortic wall
Authors: Hoang Van Trung , Van Hoang Anh Thi , Chansomphou Vichit , Vo Uyen Giao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEsophageal foreign bodies are common conditions that may lead to serious complications, such as esophageal perforation, neck abscess, mediastinitis, arterial injury, and lung damage. We report a rare case of esophageal fish bone impingement on the aorta that was managed without complication by endoscopic removal.
Mechanisms responsible for interdecadal variation of the thermodynamic component of East Asian summer monsoon moisture transport
Authors: Su Tao , Li Yue , Huang Bicheng , Qu Shulin , Han Zixuan , Qian Zhonghua , Feng Guolin , Wu Yongping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the East Asian summer (June–July–August) monsoon (EASM) atmospheric moisture transport variability under global warming are examined using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019. The total EASM atmospheric moisture transport is decomposed into the thermodynamic (δTH) and dynamic (δMCD) components, which are related to specific humidity and wind velocity, respectively. Based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, both the second and the fourth modes of δTH are linked to δMCD, indicating that δMCD can impact the moisture distribution and consequently influence δTH indirectly. Both the first (δTH_EOF1) and the third (δTH_EOF3) modes of δTH show considerable interdecadal changes. It is noted that their principal components exhibit significant increasing trends in recent decades. The response of EASM moisture transport to global warming is probably reflected in these two modes. δTH_EOF1 is associated with negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This causes the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) to extend westward and the strengthening of Pacific trade winds. As a result, positive precipitable water anomalies dominate East Asia and δTH_EOF1 is characterized by anomalous southwesterly moisture transport along the East China Sea to southern Japan. δTH_EOF3 corresponds to anomalous moisture transport over the Indochina Peninsula and Japan. The precipitable water associated with δTH_EOF3 in general represents a meridional dipole. Anomalous southward wind induced by the eastward extension of the WNPSH is the main reason for positive (negative) precipitable water anomalies in southern (northern) East Asian. The anomalous circulation associated with the anomalous east–west sea surface temperature gradient over the Indian Ocean affects atmospheric moisture in southern East Asian and can dramatically impact δTH_EOF3.
SEAS5 skilfully predicts late wet‐season precipitation in Central American Dry Corridor excelling in Costa Rica and Nicaragua
Authors: Kowal Katherine M. , Slater Louise J. , Van Loon Anne F. , Birkel Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBetter drought preparedness is critically needed in the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC). Seasonal forecasts can be used to build this preparedness but need localized evaluations to ensure they are relevant and useful. This study provides a CADC‐focused assessment of the SEAS5 seasonal forecasting system produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). We evaluate SEAS5 predictions of the mean, variability, and extremes of precipitation across the CADC at 1–7‐month lead times. We assess differences in regional forecast quality across seasons and lead times by evaluating spatial and temporal associations with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase, topography, and continentality. Results show that SEAS5 precipitation forecasts often have better skill primarily during the mid to late wet season (July–October). In these months, low/normal precipitation forecasts outperform the climatological mean (1982–2016) up to 5‐ or 6‐month lead times in some subregions. Forecast skill is often worse, however, for predicting precipitation during the early wet season, primarily in June. Forecast skill varies spatially across the region, with higher skill concentrated in the southeast (Costa Rica and Nicaragua). Forecast skill is significantly related to continentality and topography, and together these factors account for at least a quarter of the spatial variance in annual skill at all lead times. Forecast accuracy varies depending on ENSO phase: predictions are often worse in El Niño (warm ENSO) periods during the early wet season when ENSO also has a weaker association with cumulative precipitation relative to the later wet season. SEAS5 could be a particularly useful tool during the second half of the wet season in the southeast CADC, skilfully alerting of upcoming precipitation variability with over 3‐month lead times.
The Effects of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation on Vocal Fold Regeneration
Authors: Ogawa Machiko , Mukudai Shigeyuki , Sugiyama Yoichiro , Matsushita Hiroki , Kinoshita Shota , Ozawa Satomi , Hashimoto Keiko , Fuse Shinya , Kaneko Mami , Nakanishi Yosuke , Yoshizaki Tomokazu , Sotozono Chie , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold (VF) scar and sulcus cause severe vocal problems, but optimal methods have not been established. Total replacement of the mucosa is required particularly for cases in which the whole lamina propria is occupied by severe fibrosis and vibratory function is totally lost. The amniotic membrane (AM) has been proven to have regenerative potential, as it contains stem cells and growth factors. The current study investigated the biocompatibility and effects of AM for regeneration of the VF mucosa.Study DesignIn vitro and in vivo studies.MethodsVocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) from 13 Sprague–Dawley rats were seeded on AM and subjected to histology and immunohistochemistry, and gene expressions in the VFFs on AM were examined in in vitro study. Twelve New Zealand White rabbits were used in in vivo study. VFs were stripped down and were reconstructed with AM. The regenerative effects were examined 3 months later by histological examination.ResultsIn vitro study indicated VFFs survived on AM and stained positively for Ki67, vimentin, and fibronectin. Gene expressions of Has1, Has2, and Hgf were significantly increased in the VFFs on AM compared with the other groups. The in vivo study indicated AM‐transplanted VFs showed a significantly higher density of hyaluronic acid and lower density of collagen compared with sham VFs.ConclusionsThe current preliminary study suggests biocompatibility and possible regenerative effects of AM for VFs.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:2017–2025, 2022
Covalently Cross‐Linked Pig Gastric Mucin Hydrogels Prepared by Radical‐Based Chain‐Growth and Thiol‐ene Mechanisms
Authors: Brand Jessica S. , Forster Leonard , Böck Thomas , Stahlhut Philipp , Teßmar Jörg , Groll Jürgen , Albrecht Krystyna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMucin, a high molecular mass hydrophilic glycoprotein, is the main component of mucus that coats every wet epithelium in animals. It is thus intrinsically biocompatible, and with its protein backbone and the o‐glycosidic bound oligosaccharides, it contains a plethora of functional groups which can be used for further chemical modifications. Here, chain‐growth and step‐growth (thiol‐ene) free‐radical cross‐linked hydrogels prepared from commercially available pig gastric mucin (PGM) are introduced and compared as cost‐efficient and easily accessible alternative to the more broadly applied bovine submaxillary gland mucin. For this, PGM is functionalized with photoreactive acrylate groups or allyl ether moieties, respectively. Whereas homopolymerization of acrylate‐functionalized polymers is performed, for thiol‐ene cross‐linking, the allyl‐ether‐functionalized PGM is cross‐linked with thiol‐functionalized hyaluronic acid. Morphology, mechanical properties, and cell compatibility of both kinds of PGM hydrogels are characterized and compared. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of these hydrogels can be evaluated in cell culture experiments.
A PIAS1 Protective Variant S510G Delays polyQ Disease Onset by Modifying Protein Homeostasis
Authors: Lee Yan Hua , Tsai Yu‐Shuen , Chang Che‐Chang , Ho Chun‐Chen , Shih Hsiu‐Ming , Chen Hui‐Mei , Lai Hsing‐Lin , Lee Chia‐Wei , Lee Yi‐Chung , Liao Yi‐Chu , Yang Ueng‐Cheng , Cheng Tzu‐Hao , Chern Yijuang , Soong Bing‐Wen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are dominant neurodegenerative diseases caused by an expansion of the polyQ‐encoding CAG repeats in the disease‐causing gene. The length of the CAG repeats is the major determiner of the age at onset (AO) of polyQ diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3).ObjectiveWe set out to identify common genetic variant(s) that may affect the AO of polyQ diseases.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐seven patients with HD or SCA3 were enrolled for targeted sequencing of 583 genes implicated in proteinopathies. In total, 16 genes were identified as containing variants that are associated with late AO of polyQ diseases. For validation, we further investigate the variants of PIAS1 because PIAS1 is an E3 SUMO (small ubiquitin‐like modifier) ligase for huntingtin (HTT), the protein linked to HD.ResultsBiochemical analyses revealed that the ability of PIAS1S510G to interact with mutant huntingtin (mHTT) was less than that of PIAS1WT, resulting in lower SUMOylation of mHTT and lower accumulation of insoluble mHTT. Genetic knock‐in of PIAS1S510G in a HD mouse model (R6/2) ameliorated several HD‐like deficits (including shortened life spans, poor grip strength and motor coordination) and reduced neuronal accumulation of mHTT.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that PIAS1 is a genetic modifier of polyQ diseases. The naturally occurring variant, PIAS1S510G, is associated with late AO in polyQ disease patients and milder disease severity in HD mice. Our study highlights the possibility of targeting PIAS1 or pathways governing protein homeostasis as a disease‐modifying approach for treating patients with HD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society