bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Indentation Analysis of Automotive Roof Panel using Ultra Low Carbon Steel with and without Bake Hardening Effect
Authors: Kriflou Taoufik , Rachik Mohamed , Azrar Lahcen , El Bikri Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultra-low carbon (ULC) steels, which are lightweight, are used in fabricating steel sheets for many applications, particularly the automobile sector where good formability and surface quality are required. For mechanical properties development reasons, the bake hardening technique of ultra-low carbon (ULC) steels is adopted during the automotive paint baking process at elevated temperature. Automotive outer body with bake-hardenable steel ensure good indentation strength and resistance to fatigue. Usually, the mechanical properties of automotive steels depend both on the chemical composition and thermal treatment. Consequently, the present paper aimed to design a car roof panel using elastic-plastic ULC steel sheet with and without bake hardening. Finite element (FE) analysis was used to predict the static indentation response of automotive roof panels. First of all, the roof panel was modelled via CATIA V5 and evaluated by FE analysis using ABAQUS Software. The results showed that the bake-hardenable steel sheets present a good indentation strength and less plastic deformation.
The Effect of Arc Length on Heat Exchange and Electric Power Consumption in Electric Arc Steel-Making Furnaces (Eaf)
Authors: Nikolaevich Makarov Anatoliy , Dev Singh Kapil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effect of arc length on heat exchange and specific power consumption in electric arc steel-making furnaces was studied. A modern electric arc steel-making furnace (EAF) with a capacity of 100-tons of metal, EAF-100, was used as the study model. With an increase in the arc length from 300 to 425 mm, that is, by 1.42 times and with a constant height of the slag layer, the thermal radiation fluxes of arcs on the walls increased by 1.3-1.6 times whereas the arc efficiency decreased by 30% and the specific power consumption increased by 25-30%.
The Protective Effect of Microcapsules (Pullulan / Sucrose / Whey Protein) on Vitality of Lactobacillus bulgaricus QY-2
Authors: Liu Zhenyan , Yang Wenqin , Guo Hao , Ding Lin , Guan Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare microencapsules containing L. bulgaricus QY2 by using pulluan, sucrose and whey protein as wall material and to evaluate the survival of the encapsulated L. bulgaricus QY2. Pullulan, sucrose and whey protein were selected to optimize the compound protective agent, L9 (33) orthogonal test design was carried out to determine the activity of L. bulgaricus QY2. Through the analyses that can reflect the core material for encapsulant protection indicators such as survival rate and vitality of L. bulgaricus QY2. When the microcapsule wall material was composed of 2 wt% pullulan, 10 wt% sucrose and 10 wt% whey protein, the survival rate of L. bulgaricus QY2 was the highest. In addition, the L. bulgaricus QY2 microcapsule combination of pullulan at 1 wt%, sucrose at 10 wt% and whey protein at 10 wt% had the highest activity.
An Oxygen-bubble-mould-effect Derived Model for Kinetics of Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes under Constant Current
Authors: Zhang Weizhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite the wide application of anodization, the mechanism is still under debate and requires quantitative analyses. Based on the oxygen bubble mould effect model, the total current contains ionic current and electronic current. The ionic current corresponds to the oxide formation, while the electronic current represents the oxygen bubble generation. In this article, we focus on the galvanostatic anodization of TiO2 nanotubes. We develop a fitting model and simplify it by introducing intermediate parameters. The transients are fitted on 30, 40 and 50 mA, which exhibits high fidelity. The two types of current is also separated mathematically based on the model. The linear relation between nanotube length and the steady value of ionic current are determined, which proves the reasonability and applicability of the model.
Development of STimulator of Interferon Genes Agonists in Silico
Authors: Chen Mingjue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
STimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is now considered as a promising target for tumour immunotherapy. In normal cells, STING is able to activate the generation of Type I interferon (IFN) and in turn can induce the activity of T cells, but in cancer cells, the expression of STING is inhibited due to the hypomethylation of its promoter. Cyclic dinucleotides were taken as the agonists to trigger the cGAS/STING pathway in cancer cells. However, this type of agonist is hard to be administrated to patients with tumour, and thus the discovery of STING agonists focuses on the development of small molecular drugs. In developing small molecular drugs for target proteins, computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) is an important tool. The utilize of this tool can reduce waste of time and budget which are consumed in the development of ligands with traditional methods. In this research, Schrödinger, a type of CADD software, was utilized for virtual screening agonists for activating STING effectively. There were four ligands obtained after virtual screening the small molecule database, and their interaction with target protein was analysed and compared.
Challenges of a “Virtual” Biophysics Laboratory during the “Stay home” period caused by COVID-19
Authors: Tamura Naruki , Taira Hisao , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have recorded our experience of a “virtual” university biophysics laboratory using the Zoom meeting system, from April to June 2020, during the “stay home” period of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Japan. Because the specialty of our laboratory is experimental biophysics, careful planning was necessary for the continuation of research. We set several special research topics for teleworking, although some compromise was inevitable. Frequent meetings, seminars, and lectures using the Zoom meeting system were important to maintain laboratory activity. Meetings were carried out three times per day. Two types of seminars were held, as well as the “meeting-style” laboratory. Lectures by outsiders were also performed. As a result of these approaches, many students succeeded in presenting their telework research in autumn domestic conferences for biophysics and physics education in 2020. Furthermore, some students submitted papers to academic research journals by the end of the teleworking period. Our experiences of the “virtual” laboratory will provide helpful information for many researchers in experimental research fields in science and engineering.
The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States
Authors: Siddik Md Abu Bakar , Shehabi Arman , Marston Landon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Much of the world’s data are stored, managed, and distributed by data centers. Data centers require a tremendous amount of energy to operate, accounting for around 1.8% of electricity use in the United States. Large amounts of water are also required to operate data centers, both directly for liquid cooling and indirectly to produce electricity. For the first time, we calculate spatially-detailed carbon and water footprints of data centers operating within the United States, which is home to around one-quarter of all data center servers globally. Our bottom-up approach reveals one-fifth of data center servers direct water footprint comes from moderately to highly water stressed watersheds, while nearly half of servers are fully or partially powered by power plants located within water stressed regions. Approximately 0.5% of total US greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to data centers. We investigate tradeoffs and synergies between data center’s water and energy utilization by strategically locating data centers in areas of the country that will minimize one or more environmental footprints. Our study quantifies the environmental implications behind our data creation and storage and shows a path to decrease the environmental footprint of our increasing digital footprint.
Quantifying the carbon footprint reduction potential of lifestyle choices in Japan
Authors: Shigetomi Yosuke , Kanemoto Keiichiro , Yamamoto Yuki , Kondo Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the hotspots for reducing carbon emissions associated with household consumption, including reducing household carbon footprints (CFs) and greener lifestyle choices, such as living car-free, eating less meat, and having one less child. However, estimating the effect of each of these actions requires the simultaneous consideration of lifestyle choices and household characteristics that could also affect the household CF. Here, we quantify the reduction in household CFs for 25 factors associated with individual lifestyle choices or socioeconomic characteristics. This study linked approximately 42 000 microdata on consumption expenditure with the Japanese subnational 47 prefecture-level multi-regional input–output table, which are both the finest-scale data currently available. We improved the accuracy of household CF calculations by considering regional heterogeneity, and successfully estimated the magnitude of household CF reduction associated with individual lifestyle choices and socioeconomics. For example, it was found that moving from a cold region to a region with mild climate would have considerable potential for reducing the CO2 emissions of a household, all other factors being equal. In addition, a household residing in a house that meets the most recent energy standards emits 1150 kg less CO2 per year than if they reside in a house that meets previous energy standards. Ownership and use of durable goods also had the potential for reducing the CO2 emissions of a household; a normal-sized car, a personal computer, a compact car, and a bidet were associated with CO2 emissions of 922, 712, 421, and 345 kg per year, respectively. The findings therefore have important implications for climate change mitigation and policy measures associated with lifestyle.
Modifying the effect of stressed spring wheat seeds on intact ones
Authors: Levin V , Antipkina L , Stupin A , Dudin N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spring wheat seeds react to the effect of stress factors of various natures with a nonspecific adaptive reaction, accompanied by intense emission of stress ethylene in trace amounts during the entire time, while. On the one hand, they remain viable, and on the other hand, have mechanical, radiation-chemical and temperature damage. Damaged air-dry seeds are not able to regenerate damaged organs and tissues and, being in a state of chronic stress, permanently induce ethylene biosynthesis. The effect of stressed seeds on intact ones is achieved remotely when they are stored together in the air environment and are blocked by active aeration, air-insulating materials and a decrease in temperature. The stronger the damaging effect on seeds is caused by the stress factor, the more intense is the accumulation of stress ethylene. An increase in the duration of exposure of intact by stressed seeds is accompanied by a more pronounced physiological modifications in seedlings of intact seeds with a sequential change in time in their stimulation of the initial growth processes and a sharp deterioration in sowing qualities.
Design and analysis ergonomic adjustable baby chair
Authors: Istifar V , Halim A , Sutanto B C , Hendriwibowo N , Sahroni T R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Baby chairs are important equipment in the early stages of child care. An ergonomic, comfortable, and safe baby chair is the most important point that is expected by a customer. An ergonomic and safety baby chair will provide better comfort for the baby since the higher need for affection and emotional bonds. The research aimed to investigate and develop an ergonomic baby chairs design with considering comfort and regulatory safety standards. The initial step was product design scoring based on customer voice using simple decision matrices. Optimization of the structure material selection parameters was carried out by using a numerical simulator based on the factor of safety. The research shows that a baby chair need to have safety features such as castors with brake, 5-points restrain system, adjustable or recline seat, detachable tray. Durability features are also important, such as high tensile strength, wear and impact-resistant material, and lightweight aluminium structure. As a result, a hollow aluminium pipe with a diameter of 26 mm for the chair structure is the most economic choice with a factor of safety 4.8.
Social media data crowdsourcing as a new stream for environmental planning & monitoring: A review
Authors: Lawu B L , Lim F , Susilo A , Surantha N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research focused on social media applications that had been used by large-scale users. Data might be in the form of text, image, video, each with its own data processing complexity. In this study, the researchers had performed a systematic review of literature on the development and usage of crowdsourcing data collection in recent days, with a range of techniques/methods/approaches to present meaningful data results/conclusions for environmental management. From the collected references, it is found that most papers discuss the monitoring and planning the environment through the use of social media data. An in-depth review of the literature was performed on the state-of-the-art environmental monitoring and planning and the general architecture of the data crowdsourcing system. Finally, based on the literature review, the challenge of data crowdsourcing for environmental monitoring and planning is identified and addressed.
Investigating properties of pervious concretes containing coconut shell flake and ash
Authors: Arifin S , Setyandito O , Prahara E , Wijayanti Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pervious concrete or non-fine concrete is a simple form of lightweight concrete made by eliminating the use of fine aggregates. As a result of not using a fine aggregate in pervious concrete, then created a cavity filled with air and water can be passed. This cavity resulted in a reduced density of the concrete and the reduced amount of area that needs to be covered by a cement paste, thereby reducing the compressive strength. This study aimed to utilize waste material to increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete. The waste material was the coconut shell ash and coconut shell flake. The method was to strengthen the coarse aggregate concrete mixture. It was expected to increase the compressive strength along with the increase in permeability. Thus, in this study, the researchers will replace part of the coarse aggregate with coconut shell flake with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10% and partially replace cement with coconut shell ash with percentage 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%. The results show that the combination of coconut shell flake and coconut shell ash does not increase the compressive strength of the concrete mixture. However, it increases the porosity, permeability, and as a result, the density is getting lower. Further study will be performed on porous concrete using coconut shell flake for lower load facilities, such as pedestrian or bicycle pathways.
Design analysis of suitcase stabilizer and zipper protector
Authors: Musofa A , Nugroho A A , Yuniardi T , Kurniawan R T , Sahroni T R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years we have seen a major shift and trend to the use of four-wheeled suitcase with the reason of easiness to manage and perhaps a better balance. Unlike four-wheeled suitcase with single storage platform with the edge opening models which provide rolling stability and comfort handling, four-wheeled suitcase with splitting storage platforms with the middle opening models is often given rolling instability and less comfort handling because the underside sometimes is uneven position and affects the movement of the wheels. Pushing beside and pulling behind a suitcase with rolling wheels instability over a long period of time can induce musculoskeletal disorders. Through the analysis of existing suitcase designs, the questionnaire was used to collect customer voice data from a random sample of 126 respondents. After that, a research was conducted to design products and simulate tensile strengths for several types of materials. Here, silicone is the best option for material of the product.
A literature review of crowd-counting system on convolutional neural network
Authors: Chrysler A , Gunarso R , Puteri T , Warnars H L H S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the proliferation usage of video surveillance for safety, traffic control, and privacy purposes and with the constant growth of population, it is important to keep monitoring using Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV). With new upcoming developed technologies, new systems and algorithms are introduced and implemented to the crowd counting system today retrieving live video surveillance from the CCTV. However, recent studies show that there are some challenges still faced regarding the crowd counting system which uses the density estimation. The problems that occurred have resulted from the inaccuracy of the system that is caused by several factors. Factors such as the perspective distortion which is caused by the lack of data training and the method such as face detection is an ineffective method to determine the population density. Studies proposed have projected the idea of developing a more robust crowd counting methodology by implementing crowd counting by detection, clustering, and regression. Implementing these methods using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) will better the result of the detection since in CNN the image can be inputted and it will undergo several layers which will result in the system being able to differentiate one image from the other. With CNN the process of crowd counting will be able to be more advanced.
Review on outdoor furniture in time of pandemic Covid-19: A case of Ir. H. Juanda road, Bandung
Authors: Morika D , Ratum A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper was motivated by the Covid-19 pandemic which changed social behavior for human being. The impact of this pandemic also affected the physical presence of many furniture in public areas, especially in outdoor public space. These facilities were not functional and unused by its supposed users as pandemic spread out. The expected result was the finding of a trend toward suitable outdoor furniture design criteria so that it could meet the needs of pedestrians in times of pandemic. The observation was conducted at Ir.H. Juanda Road in Bandung. It is one of the roads used by many pedestrians at the weekends. The contextual approach method was used as the basis for researching pedestrian activities in the pedestrian area along Ir.H. Juanda Road, Bandung, to find out design criteria for sitting facilities to adjust human behavior in times of pandemic. The approach of the research stage is done by referring to the physical distancing rules, environmental dimension, and the personal dimension which results in the design reference principles that depart from aspects of human and material behavior. The human and materials interaction will produce the design criteria to revitalize sitting facility to match pedestrian activities in times of pandemic.
Bringing food sustainability issues into English classes: Preservice teachers’ plans and strategies
Authors: Rifai I , Andreani W 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe inclusion of content is not new in the world of language teaching. Studies on sustainability issue alone in the world of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) have reached up to 1.500 studies in google scholar search. With focus rests on the content and less on the language teaching, it is interesting to analyse whether a group of Indonesian preservice English teachers are ready to plan and implement CLIL in their classes. The article reported a document analysis of 13 CLIL lesson plans on food sustainability designed by preservice English teachers after a three-week lesson planning workshop. The lesson plans were analysed by following the 3 iterative steps of qualitative document analysis research methods, i.e. skimming, reading, and interpretation and the 4 frameworks of CLIL lesson planning: content, cognition, communication, and culture. The analysis revealed the preservice teachers’ inadequate understanding of food sustainability issues and disparities in developing activities that would support students’ higher order thinking skills. Despite what seems to be a grim portrayal of the preservice teachers’ understanding of the issue, it is worth acknowledging that most lesson plans explicitly offered collaborative learning activities and refreshing ideas on how to integrate food sustainability in the foreign language classes.
Realtime monitoring study for highway construction using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology
Authors: Riyanto F , Juliastuti  , Setyandito O , Pramudya A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Monitoring is an important part of project management with the aim of knowing how far the project is running and whether there are obstacles during the project’s running. At present, this monitoring process cannot be done in real-time, and conventional monitoring tends to be expensive and error prone. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a technology that began to be developed to overcome these problems. The research discussed the use of UAVs for real-time monitoring, with quantitative and qualitative methodologies using primary and secondary data. The results of the research indicate that: (1) UAVs produce 3D photogrammetric that provide more detailed and easier results in real time monitoring, (2) The use of UAV is 35,41% faster, accuracy reaches 71.22%, more economical up to 78%, productivity level of up to 94,48% compared to conventional methods, (3) Limitation of UAV capability in conducting real-time monitoring, including battery power, and not yet waterproof.
Business sustainability in the times of crisis: Propositions and framework
Authors: Hamsal M , Ichsan M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper aimed to provide a conceptual framework of how the phenomenon of pandemic COVID-19. It was considered as environmental turbulence influences organizational resilience and firms’ capabilities to cope with them and how it affected firms sustained competitive in their business. The method of this research was the literature review. It finds that the researchers propose antecedents of business sustainability in the condition of the threats from environmental turbulence, including the pandemic crisis (COVID-19). The paper also outlines five research propositions and suggests methods for future empirical research.
Expanding the technology acceptance model with the inclusion of trust and mobility to assess e-wallet user behavior: Evidence from OVO consumers in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat D , Pangaribuan C H , Putra O P B , Taufiq F J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In view of the government’s demonetizing decision to make Indonesia a cashless society, this study aimed to discover the important factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and intentions in using the e-wallet payment system. The authors wanted to find out whether trust, mobility, easiness of use, and usefulness attract customers and encourage them for usage. The quantitative approach in this study was due to the practicality of interpretation and analysis of the data. The primary data was collected by conducting the survey through questionnaires that were sent to the respondents. To test the proposed research model, the authors collected data using a questionnaire survey from 286 OVO consumers in Jakarta. The research findings reveal that mobility is the weakest factor, and perceived usefulness is the strongest factor affecting the users’ attitudes and intention towards using the e-wallet payment system.