bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity in changing environments: Implications for sexual species with different life history strategies
Authors: Romero‐Mujalli Daniel , Rochow Markus , Kahl Sandra , Paraskevopoulou Sofia , Folkertsma Remco , Jeltsch Florian , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPopulations adapt to novel environmental conditions by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. Plastic responses are generally faster and can buffer fitness losses under variable conditions. Plasticity is typically modeled as random noise and linear reaction norms that assume simple one‐to‐one genotype–phenotype maps and no limits to the phenotypic response. Most studies on plasticity have focused on its effect on population viability. However, it is not clear, whether the advantage of plasticity depends solely on environmental fluctuations or also on the genetic and demographic properties (life histories) of populations. Here we present an individual‐based model and study the relative importance of adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity for populations of sexual species with different life histories experiencing directional stochastic climate change. Environmental fluctuations were simulated using differentially autocorrelated climatic stochasticity or noise color, and scenarios of directional climate change. Nonadaptive plasticity was simulated as a random environmental effect on trait development, while adaptive plasticity as a linear, saturating, or sinusoidal reaction norm. The last two imposed limits to the plastic response and emphasized flexible interactions of the genotype with the environment. Interestingly, this assumption led to (a) smaller phenotypic than genotypic variance in the population (many‐to‐one genotype–phenotype map) and the coexistence of polymorphisms, and (b) the maintenance of higher genetic variation—compared to linear reaction norms and genetic determinism—even when the population was exposed to a constant environment for several generations. Limits to plasticity led to genetic accommodation, when costs were negligible, and to the appearance of cryptic variation when limits were exceeded. We found that adaptive plasticity promoted population persistence under red environmental noise and was particularly important for life histories with low fecundity. Populations producing more offspring could cope with environmental fluctuations solely by genetic changes or random plasticity, unless environmental change was too fast.
Catalytic N‐Acylation of Cyclic Amines by Arylglyoxylic Acids via Radical‐Radical Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Rahaman Ajijur , Kumar Singh Anupam , Gupta Aniket , Bhadra Sukalyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA methodical mechanistic investigation allowed for the catalytic N‐acylation of secondary cyclic amine counterparts by arylglyoxylic acids through radical‐radical coupling. The reaction proceeds via a twofold SET‐promoted Cu(I)/Cu(II) catalytic cycle under mild conditions. An analogous reaction variant allows for the N‐acylation in a one‐pot fashion directly starting from a secondary cyclic amine even in the presence of a second amine or hydroxy group.
The reliability of geometric Brownian motion forecasts of S&P500 index values
Authors: Sinha Amit K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis manuscript extends the literature on the application of geometric Brownian motion. Forecasted drift and diffusion terms estimated separately and recursively are plugged into the framework to forecast S&P500 index values. Expected index values are estimated from 100,000 simulated index values and probabilities. The results of comparing expected index values with actual values indicate that although reliable predictions of S&P500 index values can be obtained at monthly, quarterly, and annual frequencies, the reliability may decrease in that order.
Control of microbial growth and lipid oxidation in beef using a Lepidium perfoliatum seed mucilage edible coating incorporated with chicory essential oil
Authors: Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Falah Fereshteh , Vasiee Alireza , Tabatabaee Yazdi Farideh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, chicory essential oil (CEO) was obtained by hydrodistillation‐based extraction method and it was rich in camphor (31.3%) and phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The CEO was then incorporated into Lepidium perfoliatum seed mucilage (LPSM) based aqueous solution to prepare an active CEO‐loaded LPSM edible coating. The effect of the edible coating was then investigated on the quality and shelf life of beef slices during 7 days storage at 4°C. The results revealed that beef slice coated with CEO‐loaded LPSM edible coating had a significant inhibitory effect on its lipid oxidation and microbial growth. The CEO‐LPSM coating also inhibited the weight and texture losses of beef slices during display more efficiently compared with the control and CEO‐free LPSM coating. Besides, the beef slices coated with CEO‐LPSM were the preferred samples in terms of sensory scores throughout the storage. Thus, using CEO‐rich LPSM edible coating might inhibit decay and significantly improve the shelf life of fresh beef.
Improved triplex real‐time PCR with endogenous control for synchronous identification of DNA from chicken, duck, and goose meat
Authors: Liu Guo‐Qiang , Luo Jian‐Xing , Xu Wei‐Liang , Li Chun‐Dong , Guo Yuan‐Sheng , Guo Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe authentication and labeling of meat products, concerning origins and species, are key to fair trade and to protect consumer interests in the market. We developed an improved triplex real‐time PCR approach to simultaneously identify chicken, duck, and goose DNA in meat, including an endogenous control to avoid false negatives. Our method specifically detected DNA from chicken, duck, and goose, and showed no cross‐reaction with DNA extracted from other meat types. The detection limits of chicken, duck, and goose DNA were 0.001–0.00025 ng, 0.0025–0.0001 ng, and 0.001–0.00001 ng, respectively, and we were able to simultaneously identify DNA from two distinct origins using as little as 0.1% of total meat weight. Our newly generated triplex real‐time PCR method with endogenous control exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, and efficiency for simultaneous identification of DNA from chicken, duck, and goose in meat.
Identification of superior jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) genotypes based on morphological and fruit characterizations
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mirheidari Farhad , Moradi Younes , Paryan Simin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is of great importance due to its medicinal properties and nutritional value. The current investigation was carried out to assess phenotypic variation of naturally grown accessions of this species. The accessions investigated exhibited meaningful variabilities based on the recorded characters. Fruit fresh weight ranged from 0.36 to 3.83 g with an average of 1.16, fruit dry weight varied from 0.21 to 3.04 g with an average of 0.80, and fruit flesh thickness varied from 1.24 to 8.51 mm. Skin color showed large variabilities among the accessions, including maroon‐yellow, light maroon, maroon, dark maroon, light brown, brown, dark brown, and maroon‐crimson. Principal component analysis (PCA) determined the characters influencing the most variation among the accessions. Cluster analysis performed with the Euclidean distance and Ward's method divided the accessions into two main clusters. The present findings provided essential data about the morphological traits of Z. jujube that can be used for the selection of superior genotypes and development of the fruit processing industry. Besides, the available results can be useful in designing conservation strategies and breeding of Z. jujube.
The effects of sudden health reductions on labor market outcomes: Evidence from incidence of stroke
Authors: Tanaka Atsuko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile increasing attention is given to how health reductions affect workers, estimating their effects is usually challenging. This paper aims to identify the causal effect of health deterioration on labor market outcomes by exploiting the incidence of stroke. Stroke, which often reduces health suddenly and unexpectedly, allows us to exploit the within‐person random variation of the timing and isolate the effects of health reduction. By applying the fixed‐effects method to a sample of stroke survivors in the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study data, I find that stroke immediately halves the employment probability as well as hours and weeks worked 1 year after the occurrence and its effects persist for at least 3 years, while earnings reduction is relatively moderate and gradual. I also find the negative effects of stroke are larger among men with severe stroke and women with longer pre‐stroke job tenure, while the effects are mitigated for younger women. These results make a stark contrast with the studies on other health events such as cancer diagnosis, which generally find much smaller effects and significant heterogeneity by education and occupation. This analysis shows that the labor market effects largely differ by types of diseases and calls for disease‐specific studies in order to understand the social gradient in health and how workers adjust to work limitations.
One institution's experience with self‐audit of opioid prescribing practices for common cervical procedures
Authors: Wang Tiffany V. , Okose Okenwa , Abt Nicholas B. , Kamani Dipti , Emerick Kevin S. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to audit our institution's opioid prescribing practices after common cervical procedures.MethodsRetrospective cohort study from one medical center. Reviewed records from 2016–2019 for 472 patients who underwent one of several common cervical procedures. Data collected on demographics, perioperative details, in‐hospital pain medication use, and opioids prescribed at discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was run.ResultsIn hospital, median daily milligram morphine equivalents (MME) was 4 (IQR 0–15). Median MME prescribed at discharge was 112.5 MME (IQR 75–150). 3/472 patients received NSAIDs. Predictors of decreased discharge MME were age 70 and older (OR 0.33, p = 0.037) and more recent year (compared to 2016, OR 0.23 [p = 0.031] for 2017, OR 0.13 [p = 0.001] for 2018, and OR 0.070 [p < 0.001] for 2019).ConclusionsMME prescribed at discharge was 28 times the daily in‐hospital MME. Only 3/472 patients received postoperative NSAIDs. Self‐auditing of opioid prescribing practices identifies actionable items for change.
Adapting the determinants of implementation behavior questionnaire to evaluate implementation of a structured low back pain programme using mixed‐methods
Authors: Ris Inge , Schröder Karin , Kongsted Alice , Abbott Allan , Nilsen Per , Hartvigsen Jan , Öberg Birgitta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsBest‐practice low back pain (LBP) primary care programmes have been developed based on evidence‐based clinical guidelines and implemented in Sweden and Denmark. The theoretical domains framework (TDF) was utilized in the design of the implementation strategy. Based on the TDF domains, the Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire (DIBQ) has been developed to evaluate implementation determinants, but its feasibility and validity need to be tested and adapted to study specific contexts. This study aimed to tailor the DIBQ for evaluation of implementation for LBP primary care programmes. The objectives were to (a) translate the DIBQ into Swedish and Danish, (b) adapt the DIBQ into DIBQ‐tailored (DIBQ‐t) to study content validity, (c) test the DIBQ‐t for feasibility, and (d) perform validity testing of DIBQ‐t.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods design. First, forward translation of the DIBQ, then adaptation into DIBQ‐t using qualitative face validity and quantitative content validity was done. Finally, to determine feasibility and construct validity using confirmatory factor analyses, we used data from DIBQ‐t collected after the programmes' 2‐day course.ResultsThe final DIBQ‐t included 28 items describing 10 of the original 18 DIBQ domains and was considered feasible. A total of 598 clinicians out of 609 responded to the DIBQ‐t, with only 2‰ of the items missing. The confirmatory factor analyses showed a good fit after removing two items with the lowest domain loading. The DIBQ‐t maintained linkage to all domains within the Behavioral Change Wheel. The clinicians' expectations, according to the DIBQ‐t, indicate facilitating determinants outweighing barriers at the initiation of implementation processes.ConclusionsThe study resulted in a feasible and valid version of a questionnaire for evaluating clinicians' expectations regarding implementation determinants of best‐practice LBP primary care programmes.
Numerical investigation on optimization of thermal analysis due to immersion of hybrid nanostructures in a fluid of shear dependent viscosity using the finite element method
Authors: Arif Uzma , Nawaz M. , Kbiri Alaoui M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article considers the dispersion of hybrid and mono nanoparticles in a fluid with viscosity (Williamson) dependent on shear rate, over a heated surface moving with nonuniform velocity and exposed to a magnetic field in the presence of an applied current. Extensive modeling leads to complex coupled mathematical models that are solved numerically via the finite element method (FEM). Convergent simulations are run to investigate the role of parameters on the dynamics of flow fields. The magnetic field intensity plays a role in controlling the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer thickness (BLT) and thermal radiation controls the thickness of thermal boundary layers (TBL). However, the magnetic field intensity is responsible for an increase in BLT. In contrast to this, thermal radiation plays a role in controlling the thickness of the TBL. The impact of shear rate dependent viscosity on velocity is remarkable for both fluids. The motion of both of the fluids slows down when viscosity varies as a function of shear rate. Viscosity depending on the shear rate has a significant impact on wall shear stress. It is observed from simulations that wall shear increases when the parameters appearing in the model for shear rate dependent viscosity are increased. However, this increase in wall shear stress associated with a hybrid nanofluid is greater than the increase in wall shear stress associated with a mono nanofluid.
Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview
Authors: Ferlay Jacques , Colombet Murielle , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Parkin Donald M. , Piñeros Marion , Znaor Ariana , Bray Freddie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur study briefly reviews the data sources and methods used in compiling the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) GLOBOCAN cancer statistics for the year 2020 and summarises the main results. National estimates were calculated based on the best available data on cancer incidence from population‐based cancer registries (PBCR) and mortality from the World Health Organization mortality database. Cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2020 by sex and age groups were estimated for 38 cancer sites and 185 countries or territories worldwide. There were an estimated 19.3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 19.0‐19.6 million) new cases of cancer (18.1 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million (95% UI: 9.7‐10.2 million) deaths from cancer (9.9 million excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2020. The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide were female breast cancer (2.26 million cases), lung (2.21) and prostate cancers (1.41); the most common causes of cancer death were lung (1.79 million deaths), liver (830000) and stomach cancers (769000).
Boronic Acid Reagents for Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling with Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Miller Mary K. , Ball Zachary T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal catalysis provides new approaches to selectivity and the activation of otherwise inert functional groups. Bioconjugation with protein and peptide substrates presents numerous challenges of functional group activation and selectivity, and transitional‐metal approaches provide important alternative solutions to these challenges. This article describes the development of boronic acid reagents for new selective approaches to modification of peptides and proteins, focusing primarily on catalytic C−X bond formation.
Nutraceuticals in fibroid management after ulipristal acetate administration: An observational study on patients’ compliance
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , Gustapane Sarah , D’Oria Ottavia , Licchelli Martina , Panese Gaetano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveOn May 13, 2020, the Italian government Pharmaceutical Agency (AIFA) stopped ulipristal acetate (UPA) treatments for uterine fibroids (UFs), so patients shifted to other natural treatments. The authors tested the patients’ compliance with UF natural treatments.MethodsThirty patients of reproductive age (30–45 years) affected by UFs stopped UPA intake and started epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) plus vitamin D3 treatment. Patients were asked to complete the Uterine Fibroid symptoms and Quality of Life (UFS‐QOL) questionnaire, divided into symptoms severity (SS) and health‐related quality of life (HRQL), after UPA suspension and to repeat it after 3 months of natural treatment. Collected data were analyzed using paired Student's t test, considering a P value less than 0.05 to be significant.ResultsThe SS score was significantly lower (–12.19%) for natural treatment when compared with UPA administration. The HRQL score significantly improved (+11.79%) after shifting treatment from UPA to natural therapy. All the investigated parameters appeared improved by 10% after the natural treatment. No adverse effects were reported following the natural treatment.ConclusionNatural treatments showed positive compliance in patients with UFs, based on HRQL score, representing an alternative therapeutic opportunity for patients forced to stop UPA therapy.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Huang Huijuan , Luo Xiao , Yao Yu , Zhou Xuefeng , Jiang Yu , Guo Chunli , Liu Jiaqin , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2021

Yan Yu and co‐workers (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12176) design and develop the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets as the multifunctional host of Se (Se@N‐HCNS). They demonstrate that this structure could absorb polyselenides and facilitate ions transport effectively. In this cover, the fishes preferring to live under the lotus mean the anchoring effect of the Se@N‐HCNS on polyselenides. The buffalo is attracted to the red lanterns, representing the great development potential of K‐Se batteries in the Year of the Ox.
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Highly efficient conversion of glucose to methyl lactate over hierarchical bimetal‐doped Beta zeolite catalysts
Authors: Yue Xiao‐Yang , Ren Hui‐Fang , Wu Chengming , Xu Jun , Li Jifan , Liu Chun‐Ling , Dong Wen‐Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl lactate is widely applied in the chemical, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The conversion of carbohydrates over heterogeneous catalysts to methyl lactate is a promising environmentally benign process.RESULTSHierarchical Sn‐Beta zeolite (Sn‐Beta) and corresponding bimetal‐doped Beta zeolites (M‐Sn‐Beta; M = Zn, In, La, Ga, Ni) were prepared via a novel modified hydrothermal synthesis method to convert carbohydrates into methyl lactate. The introduction of Zn into Sn‐Beta considerably improved the yield of methyl lactate from glucose, while for the catalysts containing In, La, Ga and Ni, such improvements were not observed.CONCLUSIONSA methyl lactate yield reaching up to 66.7% was obtained over Zn‐Sn‐Beta at 220 °C for 6 h. The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to high Lewis acid density and strength, together with synergistic effects between framework Sn4+ and Zn2+ ions of Zn‐Sn‐Beta. Additionally, Zn‐Sn‐Beta demonstrated fructose and sucrose conversion into methyl lactate with yields of 68.4% and 70.0%, respectively. The Zn‐Sn‐Beta catalyst could be re‐used at least five times with only a slight loss of methyl lactate yield. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Under‐referral of Plain community members for genetic services despite being qualified for genetic evaluation
Authors: Ehrenberg Sarah , Walsh Vockley Catherine , Nelson Erica , Baker Jennifer , Arcieri Michael , Lindenberger Jessica , Ghaloul‐Gonzalez Lina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlain community people (Amish and Mennonites) have increased risk of having recessive genetic disorders. This study was designed to assess the rate of referral of Plain people to genetic services at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Medical records of Plain patients from a 1‐year time period were reviewed. Data collected included demographic information, clinical presentation, referral for genetic services, and diagnosis. Of the 303 patients, 102 (33.7%) had a clinical presentation suggestive of a genetic disorder, yet only 32 of those 102 patients (31.4%) had been evaluated by the division of Medical Genetics. These data indicate that less than half of Plain patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of a genetic disorder had been referred to the division of Medical Genetics for a formal evaluation. Now that under‐referral of Plain patients has been confirmed, providers can be educated in order to increase referrals for genetic services and facilitate positive healthcare outcomes for the Plain Community.
Blood group type A secretors are associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 cardiovascular disease complications
Authors: Mankelow Tosti J. , Singleton Belinda K. , Moura Pedro L. , Stevens‐Hernandez Christian J. , Cogan Nicola M. , Gyorffy Gyongyver , Kupzig Sabine , Nichols Luned , Asby Claire , Pooley Jennifer , Ruffino Gabriella , Hosseini Faroakh , Moghaddas Fiona , Attwood Marie , Noel Alan , Cooper Alex , Arnold David T. , Hamilton Fergus , Hyams Catherine , Finn Adam , Toye Ashley M. , Anstee David J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes COVID‐19, an infection capable of causing severe disease and death but which can also be asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. We investigated whether ABO blood group or secretor status was associated with COVID‐19 severity. We investigated secretor status because expression of ABO glycans on secreted proteins and non‐erythroid cells are controlled by a fucosyltransferase (FUT2), and inactivating FUT2 mutations result in a non‐secretor phenotype which protects against some viral infections. Data combined from healthcare records and our own laboratory tests (n = 275) of hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction positive patients confirmed higher than expected numbers of blood group A individuals compared to O (RR = 1.24, CI 95% [1.05, 1.47], p = 0.0111). There was also a significant association between group A and COVID‐19‐related cardiovascular complications (RR = 2.56, CI 95% [1.43, 4.55], p = 0.0011) which is independent of gender. Molecular analysis revealed that group A non‐secretors are significantly less likely to be hospitalized than secretors. Testing of convalescent plasma donors, among whom the majority displayed COVID‐19 symptoms and only a small minority required hospitalization, group A non‐secretors were slightly over‐represented. Our findings showed that group A non‐secretors are not resistant to infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, but are more likely to experience a less severe form of associated disease.