bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming has a minor effect on surface soil organic carbon in alpine meadow ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Ying , Han Mengguang , Yuan Xia , Hou Yanhui , Qin Wenkuan , Zhou Huakun , Zhao Xinquan , Klein Julia A. , Zhu Biao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is very sensitive to warming and plays a key role in regulating global carbon (C) cycling. However, how warming affects the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and related C inputs and outputs in alpine meadow ecosystems on the QTP remains unclear. Here, we combined two field experiments and a meta‐analysis on field experiments to synthesize the responses of the SOC pool and related C cycling processes to warming in alpine meadow ecosystems on the QTP. We found that the SOC content of surface soil (0–10 cm) showed a minor response to warming, but plant respiration was accelerated by warming. In addition, the warming effect on SOC was not correlated with experimental and environmental variables, such as the method, magnitude and duration of warming, initial SOC content, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation. We conclude that the surface SOC content is resistant to climate warming in alpine meadow ecosystems on the QTP.
Toward Comm/unity amid Brokenness
Authors: Bargár Pavol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article argues that one of the postulations and, simultaneously, aims of Christian mission as part of missio Dei is to recognize the image of God in the other. To advance its arguments, it employs three central concepts, namely, brokenness, relationality, and mutuality. These concepts are to be perceived in terms of a hermeneutic arch that constitutes theological/missiological understanding of both what it means to be human and what it means to be involved in missio Dei. Taken together, they will serve as stepping stones to a relational anthropology that can give orientation to Christian mission today. In particular, the concept of “comm/unity” will be suggested as a means to address the double aspect of human essential togetherness and the relationality of distinct beings that is characteristic for the conditio humana. The aim of the article is to show that there is a deep and inherent link between mission, unity, and anthropology.
Mission in Unity
Authors: Chung Meehyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article introduces the multidimensional work of Oliver R. Avison (1860–1959) from various perspectives of the United Nations sustainable development goals. The aim is to elaborate his mission regarding medical ministry, education, and evangelism. This article comprises two major parts. The first is a general introduction to the background of his work in Korea in terms of society and medical mission. The second is an examination of his major contributions in seeking justice, peace, and wellbeing for people and establishing institutions for both medical service and higher education for young Koreans under Japanese colonialism. This article is descriptive and approaches the topic of Avison’s work of his beginning period chronologically. It is also analytical and offers an evaluation of his work in its historical context. Overall, he aimed to accomplish mission in unity. His endeavour could be commemorated as a role model even in the 21st century as a pioneer attempt to pursue sustainability through mutual respect instead of through paternalistic charity work.
A Common Word (Surah 3:64) between Muslims and Christians?
Authors: Wrogemann Henning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article inquires critically into the operative understanding of “unity” when the motto of the WCC assembly speaks of the love of Christ uniting the world. What does this mean for the relationship between Christians and other religions, especially Islam? Muslims repeatedly refer to the “Common Word” mentioned in Surah 3:64 as the basis of Muslim–Christian interactions. The author shows that Muslims and Christians dispute over what “to be lord” means precisely, since Christians recognize and testify to God’s presence in Jesus Christ, their Lord. The Islamic doctrine of the uniqueness of God (tawḥīd in Arabic) fundamentally contradicts this conviction. The author shows that in Muslim practice, very different consequences may derive from tawḥīd, ranging from cooperation to conflict. Along the lines of a polyphonic understanding, the author seeks ways for a peaceful coexistence that does not comprise the Christian faith witness.
From microanalysis to supercontinents: Insights from the Rio Apa Terrane into the Mesoproterozoic SW Amazonian Craton evolution during Rodinia assembly
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno V. , Finch Melanie A. , Cawood Peter A. , Faleiros Frederico M. , Murphy Timothy D. , Simpson Alexander , Glorie Stijn , Tedeschi Mahyra , Armit Robin , Barrote Vitor R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeciphering the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of Precambrian terranes can be difficult due to reworking by later superimposed events. Whole‐rock elemental and isotopic geochemistry and zircon U–Pb geochronology are often employed in those studies, but these approaches are often not sensitive to the presence of multiple events and medium‐grade metamorphic episodes. The Rio Apa Terrane (RAT), an allochthonous fragment of the Amazonian Craton, is a crustal block with a well‐characterized crustal evolution but with no detailed thermal constraints for its tectono‐metamorphic evolution. In contrast to previous studies, we show the existence of four tectono‐metamorphic events at c. 1,780, c. 1,625, c. 1,420–1,340, and c. 1,300–1,200 Ma on the basis of apatite, titanite, and rutile U–Pb, in situ white‐mica Rb–Sr, and in situ garnet Lu–Hf geochronology combined with mineral chemistry and phase‐equilibria modelling. The c. 1,780 Ma event is recorded in the basement of the Western domain, representing an extensional event coeval with the development of its Eastern domain in response to the retreat stage of the accretionary system. This is followed by juxtaposition of the Western and Eastern domains along a major crustal boundary at c. 1,625 Ma, which is defined by the magnetic profiles and zircon U–Pb–Hf data across the boundary. The third and fourth events correspond to progressive high‐pressure/medium‐temperature (HP/MT) metamorphism, characterized by an anticlockwise P–T path, suggesting a convergent‐to‐collisional tectonic setting. The RAT was accreted to the adjoining Paraguá Terrane at c. 1,420–1,340 Ma under an isobaric P–T evolution spanning ~530°C to 600°C and ~10.0 kbar. Subsequently, the combined Rio Apa and Paraguá terranes collided with the SW Amazonian Craton at c. 1,300–1,200 Ma, reaching P–T conditions of ~560–580°C and ~10.9–11.7 kbar during crustal thickening. This study reveals for the first time the existence of a HP/MT metamorphic evolution related to the growth of the SW Amazonian Craton as part of an accretionary orogenic system during Rodinia assembly in the Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic.
Extracellular ATP and cAMP signaling promote Piezo2‐dependent mechanical allodynia after trigeminal nerve compression injury
Authors: Luo Zhaoke , Liao Xinyue , Luo Lili , Fan Qitong , Zhang Xiaofen , Guo Yuefeng , Wang Feng , Ye Zucheng , Luo Daoshu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a type of severe paroxysmal neuropathic pain commonly triggered by mild mechanical stimulation in the orofacial area. Piezo2, a mechanically gated ion channel that mediates tactile allodynia in neuropathic pain, can be potentiated by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐dependent signaling pathway that involves the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1). To study whether Piezo2‐mediated mechanotransduction contributes to peripheral sensitization in a rat model of TN after trigeminal nerve compression injury, the expression of Piezo2 and activation of cAMP signal‐related molecules in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) were detected. Changes in purinergic P2 receptors in the TG were also studied by RNA‐seq. The expression of Piezo2, cAMP, and Epac1 in the TG of the TN animals increased after chronic compression of the trigeminal nerve root (CCT) for 21 days, but Piezo2 knockdown by shRNA in the TG attenuated orofacial mechanical allodynia. Purinergic P2 receptors P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 were significantly up‐regulated after CCT injury. In vitro, Piezo2 expression in TG neurons was significantly increased by exogenous adenosine 5'‐triphosphate (ATP) and Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. ATP pre‐treated TG neurons displayed elevated [Ca2+]i and faster increase in responding to blockage of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger by KB‐R7943. Furthermore, mechanical stimulation of cultured TG neurons led to sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i in ATP pre‐treated TG neurons, which is much less in naïve TG neurons, or is significantly reduced by Piezo2 inhibitor GsMTx4. These results indicated a pivotal role of Piezo2 in peripheral mechanical allodynia in the rat CCT model. Extracellular ATP, Ca2+ influx, and the cAMP‐to‐Epac1 signaling pathway synergistically contribute to the pathogenesis and the persistence of mechanical allodynia.
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Combined laser treatment for ear keloids: Case series
Authors: Piccolo Domenico , Crisman Giuliana , Bovani Bruno , Gennai Alessandro , Melfa Fabrizio , Clementoni Matteo Tretti , Conforti Claudio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are benign fibrous tumors derived by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis after an injury, and they do not regress spontaneously. Earlobes keloids may develop either on the helix or on the anterior or posterior lobe, up to several years after piercing.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a combined protocol of CO2 laser + dye laser versus CO2 laser + dye laser + Enerjet.MethodsEighty patients with a total of 83 ear keloids were divided in two groups: One group has been treated in the same session with a single CO2 laser procedure + a pulsed Dye laser procedure; the second group has been treated as the group one with an adjunctive Enerjet procedure.ResultsOf the 40 patients for a total of 41 treated keloids in the first group, 85.4% of keloids did not recur during a follow‐up period (3 months–7 years), 14.6% of the lesions recurred (6/41) with mild thickening of the scar and underwent to further treatments. The second group (40 patients, 42 keloids) results showed a 90.5% of keloids which did not recur during a follow‐up period (3 months–2 years), while 9.5% of the lesions recurred (4/42) with mild thickening of the scar and underwent to further treatments.ConclusionsLasers demonstrated a synergistic effect when combined together and an excellent outcome has been obtained in the 88% of treated lesions, with a slighter higher prevalence of excellent outcome of the group treated with a further procedure with Enerjet.
Patients of 75 years and over with ANCA‐associated vasculitis have a lower relapse risk than younger patients: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Thietart Sara , Beinse Guillaume , Smets Perrine , Karras Alexandre , Philipponnet Carole , Augusto Jean‐François , El Karoui Khalil , Mesbah Rafik , Titeca‐Beauport Dimitri , Hamidou Mohamed , Carron Pierre‐Louis , Maurier François , Sacre Karim , Cohen Pascal , Liozon Eric , Blanchard‐Delaunay Claire , Kostianovsky Alex , Pagnoux Christian , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc , Terrier Benjamin , Puéchal Xavier ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) in older patients. We aim to study relapse risk of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) in patients diagnosed after 75 years and compare it with those of patients aged 65–75 years.MethodsData from AAV patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) database and from a call for observation to FVSG members. Cox and Fine–Gray models were used to assess relapse risk, taking death into account either as a censoring or a competing event, respectively.ResultsThe analysis included 219 patients aged ≥75 years (median 79) and 80 patients aged 65–75 years (median 70), of those 155 had GPA (52%), 136 MPA (45%), with 95 (32%) anti‐proteinase 3 positivity and 179 (61%) anti‐myeloperoxidase. Patients aged ≥75 years had a lower relapse risk in multivariate analysis (cause‐specific hazards ratio [CSHR] 0.54, 95% CI [0.33–0.89],p = 0.016, Cox model; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.46, 95% CI [0.29–0.74],p = 0.001, Fine–Gray model) after taking into account vasculitis type. Patients aged ≥75 years had a lower probability of being treated for remission maintenance with a combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (vs. glucocorticoids alone, HR 0.28, 95% CI [0.11–0.68],p = 0.005) after adjusting to Five Factor Score, although relapse‐free survival was significantly longer when receiving such combination (CSHR 0.40, 95% [CI 0.24–0.67],p < 0.001).ConclusionsAAV patients ≥75 years have a lower relapse risk than patients aged 65–75 years despite a lower probability of having received maintenance therapy with a combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, but they still benefit from such treatment regimen.
Testing the shoulders of giants—Replication research using registered reports
Authors: Gattiker Thomas F. , Hartmann Julia , Wynstra Finn , Pagell Mark , Cantor David , Yan Tingting , Tate Wendy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis editorial encourages supply chain management researchers to conduct and submit replication research for publication consideration to the Journal of Supply Chain Management. The Journal is particularly interested in efforts to replicate both recently published papers that have the potential to change the direction of the discipline and highly influential or “seminal” papers in the supply chain management discipline, regardless of where they were initially published. The Journal will be using the registered report process for these submissions to create strong incentives for researchers to conduct replication studies.
The maintenance of standing genetic variation: Gene flow vs. selective neutrality in Atlantic stickleback fish
Authors: Haenel Quiterie , Guerard Laurent , MacColl Andrew D. C. , Berner Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdaptation to derived habitats often occurs from standing genetic variation. The maintenance within ancestral populations of genetic variants favourable in derived habitats is commonly ascribed to long‐term antagonism between purifying selection and gene flow resulting from hybridization across habitats. A largely unexplored alternative idea based on quantitative genetic models of polygenic adaptation is that variants favoured in derived habitats are neutral in ancestral populations when their frequency is relatively low. To explore the latter, we first identify genetic variants important to the adaptation of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to a rare derived habitat—nutrient‐depleted acidic lakes—based on whole‐genome sequence data. Sequencing marine stickleback from six locations across the Atlantic Ocean then allows us to infer that the frequency of these derived variants in the ancestral habitat is unrelated to the likely opportunity for gene flow of these variants from acidic‐adapted populations. This result is consistent with the selective neutrality of derived variants within the ancestor. Our study thus supports an underappreciated explanation for the maintenance of standing genetic variation, and calls for a better understanding of the fitness consequences of adaptive variation across habitats and genomic backgrounds.
Steroidal alkaloids defence metabolism and plant growth are modulated by the joint action of gibberellin and jasmonate signalling
Authors: Panda Sayantan , Jozwiak Adam , Sonawane Prashant D. , Szymanski Jedrzej , Kazachkova Yana , Vainer Andrii , Vasuki Kilambi Himabindu , Almekias‐Siegl Efrat , Dikaya Varvara , Bocobza Samuel , Shohat Hagai , Meir Sagit , Wizler Guy , Giri Ashok P. , Schuurink Robert , Weiss David , Yasuor Hagai , Kamble Avinash , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are protective metabolites constitutively produced by Solanaceae species. Genes and enzymes generating the vast structural diversity of SGAs have been largely identified. Yet, mechanisms of hormone pathways coordinating defence (jasmonate; JA) and growth (gibberellin; GA) controlling SGAs metabolism remain unclear.

We used tomato to decipher the hormonal regulation of SGAs metabolism during growth vs defence tradeoff. This was performed by genetic and biochemical characterisation of different JA and GA pathways components, coupled with in vitro experiments to elucidate the crosstalk between these hormone pathways mediating SGAs metabolism.

We discovered that reduced active JA results in decreased SGA production, while low levels of GA or its receptor led to elevated SGA accumulation. We showed that MYC1 and MYC2 transcription factors mediate the JA/GA crosstalk by transcriptional activation of SGA biosynthesis and GA catabolism genes. Furthermore, MYC1 and MYC2 transcriptionally regulate the GA signalling suppressor DELLA that by itself interferes in JA‐mediated SGA control by modulating MYC activity through protein–protein interaction. Chemical and fungal pathogen treatments reinforced the concept of JA/GA crosstalk during SGA metabolism.

These findings revealed the mechanism of JA/GA interplay in SGA biosynthesis to balance the cost of chemical defence with growth.
Dental extractions on a patient with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors taking emicizumab prophylaxis. A case report and review
Authors: Hamid Aruche‐A‐Noor , Smithson Nigel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmicizumab is indicated for prophylaxis in people with severe haemophilia A with and without inhibitors. This case report presents a 29‐year‐old patient, who was recently started on emicizumab prophylaxis, was referred from haematology to the oral and maxillofacial department for dental extractions. The patient had both upper right premolars extracted under local anaesthetic with only tranexamic acid and local measures to manage post‐operative bleeding. There was minimal bleeding post‐operatively with the patient maintaining a stable blood clot and requiring no further intervention. This report also reviews the current guidance available for the surgical management of patients on emicizumab prophylaxis.
Slow and fast evolutionary rates in the history of lepidosaurs
Authors: Herrera‐Flores Jorge A. , Elsler Armin , Stubbs Thomas L. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiodiversity today is uneven, with equally ancient sister groups containing few or many species. It has often been assumed that high biodiversity indicates fast evolution, and yet in a classic work in 1944 George Simpson suggested that fast evolution might generate instability and extinction, and that slow evolution led to high biodiversity. Here we show that evolutionary rates can vary substantially through the history of a clade and find evidence for Simpson’s claim. In a comparative phylogenetic study deploying Bayesian methods, we find that Squamata, comprising today over 10 000 species of lizards and snakes, showed slow rates of evolution in the first two‐thirds of their history, whereas their sister clade, Rhynchocephalia, comprising just one living species, showed high rates of evolution in the past. Slow and steady won the race for the Mesozoic squamates, and the high‐rate boom and bust existence of rhynchocephalians at that time leaves them with a single survivor. We need to explore other cases where fast evolution can lead to short‐term high diversification, but in the end long‐term low biodiversity.
Temporal and spatial dispersal of Thekopsora areolata basidiospores, aeciospores, and urediniospores
Authors: Zhang Ke , Kaitera Juha , Samils Berit , Olson Åke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCherry spruce rust causes huge yield losses in Norway spruce seed production in Fennoscandia. The causal agent, Thekopsora areolata, has three types of spores that disperse during spring: basidiospores are produced on basidia that grow out from teliospores in overwintered bird cherry leaf litter to infect new pistillate spruce cones, aeciospores are released from old diseased spruce cones to infect bird cherry leaves, and urediniospores are produced from new bird cherry leaves for reinfection. No study has examined the dispersal of T. areolata spores, including the basidiospores that cause primary infection in spruce cones. In this study, teliospores of T. areolata were germinated in the laboratory and the morphology of basidiospores was described. T. areolata spores were sampled in Ultuna, Sweden and Joutsa, Finland with 21 spore traps at each site. Peaks in aeciospores were observed from 11 to 25 May and from 2 to 8 June at the Finnish site, and from 4 to 18 May at the Swedish site. Urediniospores were first observed 2–3 weeks after the peaks in aeciospores and they were mainly distributed within 10 m from the bird cherry trees. Peaks of 1–2 weeks in basidiospore detection coincided with multiple rain events. The basidiospore peak overlapped with the spruce pollen peak in Finland but not in Sweden. The quantities of basidiospores from different spore traps within 100 m from the spore source had no gradient. Information on spatial and temporal spore release is important for making decisions on disease management strategies.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome in five unrelated Chinese families
Authors: Jiang Jiali , Zhou Junli , Wei Manlv , Singh Sanjeev , Nikuze Lauriane , Huang Lifang , Li Yuping , Jiang Jinxia , Wei Hongying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) also called the eczema‐thrombocytopenia‐immunodeficiency syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disease with X‐linked recessive inheritance caused by mutations in the WAS protein (WASp) gene and characterized by thrombocytopenia with reduced platelet volume, eczema, immunodeficiency, and increased risk of malignant tumours. The mutations will lead to separate WAS severity which can be typical severe ‘classical’ WAS or less severe ‘non‐classical’ WAS. This article will review and analyse clinical and immune characteristics of five unrelated Chinese families harbouring classical and non‐classical WAS. The expression of WASp was detected in the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) by flow cytometry, and five mutations were found by WAS gene sequencing, one of which had not been reported in the literature, namely frameshift mutation c.1240_1247delCCACTCCC (p. P414Sfs*41).
Static and Impact Behavior of Self-Pierced Rivet Connections in Aluminum
Authors: Madasamy Chelliah , Faruque Omar , Tyan Tau , Thomas Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Self-pierced riveted (SPR) connections in aluminum coupons were tested to evaluate their static and impact performance for automotive vehicle applications. The variables studied included: top gage, bottom gage, rivet size, adhesive, pre-strain, rivet location, strain-rate, and temperature. The SPR connections were tested for coach peel, u-tension, and lap shear modes. A variable importance assessment as well as the estimated effect of the variables on peak force and energy absorption was determined. The failure modes observed during testing were consistent. From this study, it was found that the top gage, bottom gage, and temperature were very sensitive for coach peel, u-tension, and lap shear. Additionally, adhesive was found to be important for shear loading, strain-rate increased the peak force when adhesive was present and, rivet size had a significant effect on both u-tension and coach peel modes. The effect of pre-strain and rivet location was minimal, and therefore their effect in the design process can be considered minimal.