bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the Fate of Charge Carriers with Tungsten Concentration: Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation of Bi2WO6
Authors: Chung Hoi Ying , Toe Cui Ying , Chen Weijian , Wen Xiaoming , Wong Roong Jien , Amal Rose , Abdi Fatwa Firdaus , Ng Yun Hau 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) thin film photoanode has exhibited an excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance when the tungsten (W) concentration is increased during the fabrication. Plate‐like Bi2WO6 thin film with distinct particle sizes and surface area of different exposed facets are successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction. The smaller particle size in conjunction with higher exposure extent of electron‐dominated {010} crystal facet leads to a shorter electron transport pathway to the bulk surface, assuring a lower charge transfer resistance and thus minimal energy loss. In addition, it is proposed based on the results from conductive atomic force microscopy that higher W concentration plays a crucial role in facilitating the charge transport of the thin film. The “self‐doped” of W in Bi2WO6 will lead to the higher carrier density and improved conductivity. Thus, the variation in the W concentration during a synthesis can be served as a promising strategy for future W based photoanode design to achieve high photoactivity in water splitting application.
An NIR‐Fluorophore‐Based Theranostic for Selective Initiation of Tumor Pyroptosis‐Induced Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Kewei , Xiao Xuan , Jiang Maolin , Li Jisi , Zhou Jielian , Yuan Youyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that can effectively eliminate malignant cells and boost anticancer immunity. However, most of the current pyroptosis inducers lack cell selectivity, which may cause severe side effects for cancer therapy. In this work, for the first time, the authors discovered that the commonly used near‐infrared (NIR) fluorogenic hemicyanine (CyNH2) induces pyrolysis to kill cancer cells and boost antitumor immunity. Cancer cells overexpressing the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (NQO1)‐responsive theranostic (NCyNH2) are designed for selective cell pyroptosis and are nonfluorescent with low toxicity before activation. In the presence of NQO1, the fluorescence of CyNH2 is restored and can selectively initiate pyroptosis of cancer cells and further lead to systemic antitumor immunity activation for solid tumor therapy. Thus, this fluorogenic NIR dye may represent a novel theranostic agent for the selective initiation of tumor pyroptosis.
Plasmonic Metasurface Resonators to Enhance Terahertz Magnetic Fields for High‐Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Tesi Lorenzo , Bloos Dominik , Hrtoň Martin , Beneš Adam , Hentschel Mario , Kern Michal , Leavesley Alisa , Hillenbrand Rainer , Křápek Vlastimil , Šikola Tomáš , van Slageren Joris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNanoscale magnetic systems play a decisive role in areas ranging from biology to spintronics. Although, in principle, THz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides high‐resolution access to their properties, lack of sensitivity has precluded realizing this potential. To resolve this issue, the principle of plasmonic enhancement of electromagnetic fields that is used in electric dipole spectroscopies with great success is exploited, and a new type of resonators for the enhancement of THz magnetic fields in a microscopic volume is proposed. A resonator composed of an array of diabolo antennas with a back‐reflecting mirror is designed and fabricated. Simulations and THz EPR measurements demonstrate a 30‐fold signal increase for thin film samples. This enhancement factor increases to a theoretical value of 7500 for samples confined to the active region of the antennas. These findings open the door to the elucidation of fundamental processes in nanoscale samples, including junctions in spintronic devices or biological membranes.
Super‐Resolution Microscopy Using a Bioorthogonal‐Based Cholesterol Probe Provides Unprecedented Capabilities for Imaging Nanoscale Lipid Heterogeneity in Living Cells
Authors: Lorizate Maier , Terrones Oihana , Nieto‐Garai Jon Ander , Rojo‐Bartolomé Iratxe , Ciceri Dalila , Morana Ornella , Olazar‐Intxausti June , Arboleya Aroa , Martin Alexia , Szynkiewicz Marta , Calleja‐Felipe Maria , Bernardino de la Serna Jorge , Contreras F.‐Xabier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite more than 20 years of work since the lipid raft concept was proposed, the existence of these nanostructures remains highly controversial due to the lack of noninvasive methods to investigate their native nanorganization in living unperturbed cells. There is an unmet need for probes for direct imaging of nanoscale membrane dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells. In this paper, a bioorthogonal‐based cholesterol probe (chol‐N3) is developed that, combined with nanoscopy, becomes a new powerful method for direct visualization and characterization of lipid raft at unprecedented resolution in living cells. The chol‐N3 probe mimics cholesterol in synthetic and cellular membranes without perturbation. When combined with live‐cell super‐resolution microscopy, chol‐N3 demonstrates the existence of cholesterol‐rich nanodomains of <50 nm at the plasma membrane of resting living cells. Using this tool, the lipid membrane structure of such subdiffraction limit domains is identified, and the nanoscale spatiotemporal organization of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of living cells reveals multiple cholesterol diffusion modes at different spatial localizations. Finally, imaging across thick organ samples outlines the potential of this new method to address essential biological questions that were previously beyond reach.
Exploring the emotionally intelligent leadership of interfaith champions on campus
Authors: Morin Shauna M. , Durako Fisher Lori E. , Singer Kevin , Mayhew Matthew J. , Rockenbach Alyssa N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorldview is often neglected as a dimension of holistic student learning and development in college, yet certain higher education practitioners are deeply committed to supporting students with diverse religious, spiritual, and secular identities. This article explores common characteristics among these “interfaith champions” and how their own worldview identities inform their commitment to advancing interfaith equity.
AMOTL2 restrains transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition of airway smooth muscle cells via the down‐regulation of YAP1 activation
Authors: Fang Ping , Deng Wen‐jing , Fan Na , Shi Jie , Shi Hong‐yang , Ou Ling , Pan Jian‐li , Yang Shuan‐ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAngiomotin‐like 2 (AMOTL2) is a key modulator of signaling transduction and participates in the regulation of various cellular progresses under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. However, whether AMOTL2 participates in asthma pathogenesis has not been fully studied. In the present work, we studied the possible role and mechanism of AMOTL2 in regulating transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Our results showed marked reductions in the abundance of AMOTL2 in TGF‐β1‐stimulated ASM cells. Cellular functional investigations confirmed that the up‐regulation of AMOTL2 dramatically decreased the proliferation and ECM deposition induced by TGF‐β1 in ASM cells. In contrast, the depletion of AMOTL2 exacerbated TGF‐β1‐induced ASM cell proliferation and ECM deposition. Further research revealed that the overexpression of AMOTL2 restrained the activation of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) in TGF‐β1‐stimulated ASM cells. Moreover, the reactivation of YAP1 markedly reversed AMOTL2‐mediated suppression of TGF‐β1‐induced ASM cell proliferation and ECM deposition. Together, these findings suggest that AMOTL2 restrains TGF‐β1‐induced proliferation and ECM deposition of ASM cells by down‐regulating YAP1 activation.
Crafting an Event, an Event on Craft. Working Together to Represent Migration Experiences
Authors: Bacon Lucie , Desille Amandine , Paté Noémie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe following text aims at analysing a posteriori the organisation of a public gathering on international migration which took place in Marseille in 2018, and brought together scientific, artistic and militant practices. We first describe the craft of this event. Then, we reflect upon the theme of this book section - collaboration. We ask to which extent hybrid practices, that is the de-compartmentalising of social sciences, art and activism, enable the deconstruction of sensational and de-humanised representations of migrations. Finally, we question the limits for these collaborations, when power hierarchies may reactivate.
Conclusions: Migrants Through Images
Authors: Sebag Joyce , Durand Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe three chapters in this part of the book have quite different starting points, objectives and questions. This makes them rich and allows a dialogue between the authors on a meta-level: not in the methods of description or analysis of the daily life of migrants, or the representations in their new lives, but in the one that questions the choices made by the producers of images to account for this reality, immaterial, intimate and profound.
An exploratory study of the impact of firecracker-induced hand injuries on adolescents and their parents
Authors: van de Kar Annekatrien Louise , Eijffinger Elianne Madeleine , Lapid Oren , van der Horst Chantal Mathilda Antonius Maria , de Haart Mirjam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Severe hand injuries due to firecrackers are unfortunately common in the Netherlands. These injuries are expected to have long-term functional and psychological sequalae. We performed a study to assess the long-term impact of such injuries on the victims and their parents.

Methods
Eight sequential adolescent patients that underwent surgery for firecracker-induced severe hand injuries between September 2012 and March 2015 were included. The patient files were assessed for data on hand function. The impact of the injuries was measured by questionnaires and measure instruments: VAS for pain, CHEQ2.0 and COPM-DLV for activities and participation, PedsQL-4.0 for participation and quality of life, RSES for self-esteem, and DT-P for impact on parents.

Results
Seven of the eight patients underwent (partial) hand amputation. Three adolescents still reported pain at a mean of 3.2 years post-trauma. All adolescents required more time than peers performing activities. Seven showed a total of 34 activity and participation problems. One adolescent showed no problems at all. The adolescents showed a mean score of 81 on the PedsQL-4.0, which was not different to healthy adolescents. None had problematic low self-esteem. Six out of eight parents had elevated distress; three parents stated that they still needed psychological support.

Conclusions
Severe hand trauma due to firecrackers has an evident impact on hand function and activities in all adolescents. The injuries have a significant long-lasting psychological impact on the parents. Prolonged psychological help is recommended for the adolescents as well as their parents with a more family-centered approach.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
More or less of me and you: self-relevance augments the effects of item probability on stimulus prioritization
Authors: Svensson Saga L. , Golubickis Marius , Maclean Hollie , Falbén Johanna K. , Persson Linn M. , Tsamadi Dimitra , Caughey Siobhan , Sahraie Arash , Macrae C. Neil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf-relevance exerts a powerful influence on information processing. Compared to material associated with other people, personally meaningful stimuli are prioritized during decision-making. Further exploring the character of this effect, here we considered the extent to which stimulus enhancement is impacted by the frequency of self-relevant versus friend-relevant material. In a matching task, participants reported whether shape-label stimulus pairs corresponded to previously learned associations (e.g., triangle = self, square = friend). Crucially however, before the task commenced, stimulus-based expectancies were provided indicating the probability with which both self- and friend-related shapes would be encountered. The results revealed that task performance was impacted by the frequency of stimulus presentation in combination with the personal relevance of the items. When self- and friend-related shapes appeared with equal frequencies, a self-prioritization effect emerged (Expt. 1). Additionally, in both confirmatory (Expt. 2) and dis-confirmatory (Expt. 3) task contexts, stimuli that were encountered frequently (vs. infrequently) were prioritized, an effect that was most pronounced for self-relevant (vs. friend-relevant) items. Further computational analyses indicated that, in each of the reported experiments, differences in performance were underpinned by variation in the rate of information uptake, with evidence extracted more rapidly from self-relevant compared to friend-relevant stimuli. These findings advance our understanding of the emergence and origin of stimulus-prioritization effects during decisional processing.
A Geometric Integration Approach to Nonsmooth, Nonconvex Optimisation
Authors: Riis Erlend S. , Ehrhardt Matthias J. , Quispel G. R. W. , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe optimisation of nonsmooth, nonconvex functions without access to gradients is a particularly challenging problem that is frequently encountered, for example in model parameter optimisation problems. Bilevel optimisation of parameters is a standard setting in areas such as variational regularisation problems and supervised machine learning. We present efficient and robust derivative-free methods called randomised Itoh–Abe methods. These are generalisations of the Itoh–Abe discrete gradient method, a well-known scheme from geometric integration, which has previously only been considered in the smooth setting. We demonstrate that the method and its favourable energy dissipation properties are well defined in the nonsmooth setting. Furthermore, we prove that whenever the objective function is locally Lipschitz continuous, the iterates almost surely converge to a connected set of Clarke stationary points. We present an implementation of the methods, and apply it to various test problems. The numerical results indicate that the randomised Itoh–Abe methods can be superior to state-of-the-art derivative-free optimisation methods in solving nonsmooth problems while still remaining competitive in terms of efficiency.
An alternative perspective on copositive and convex relaxations of nonconvex quadratic programs
Authors: Yıldırım E. Alper 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study convex relaxations of nonconvex quadratic programs. We identify a family of so-called feasibility preserving convex relaxations, which includes the well-known copositive and doubly nonnegative relaxations, with the property that the convex relaxation is feasible if and only if the nonconvex quadratic program is feasible. We observe that each convex relaxation in this family implicitly induces a convex underestimator of the objective function on the feasible region of the quadratic program. This alternative perspective on convex relaxations enables us to establish several useful properties of the corresponding convex underestimators. In particular, if the recession cone of the feasible region of the quadratic program does not contain any directions of negative curvature, we show that the convex underestimator arising from the copositive relaxation is precisely the convex envelope of the objective function of the quadratic program, strengthening Burer’s well-known result on the exactness of the copositive relaxation in the case of nonconvex quadratic programs. We also present an algorithmic recipe for constructing instances of quadratic programs with a finite optimal value but an unbounded relaxation for a rather large family of convex relaxations including the doubly nonnegative relaxation.
Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention
Authors: Ciaramella Maria , Monacelli Nadia , Cocimano Livia Concetta Eugenia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.
Understanding institutional barriers in the climate change adaptation planning process of the city of Beirut: vicious cycles and opportunities
Authors: Zea-Reyes Leonardo , Olivotto Veronica , Bergh Sylvia I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCities around the world are confronted with the need to put in place climate adaptation policies to protect citizens and properties from climate change impacts. This article applies components of the framework developed by Moser and Ekström (2010) onto empirical qualitative data to diagnose institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in the Municipality of Beirut, Lebanon. Our approach reveals the presence of two vicious cycles influencing each other. In the first cycle, the root cause barrier is major political interference generating competing priorities and poor individual interest in climate change. A second vicious cycle is derived from feedbacks caused by the first and leading to the absence of a dedicated department where sector specific climate risk information is gathered and shared with other departments, limited knowledge and scientific understanding, as well as a distorted framing or vision, where climate change is considered unrelated to other issues and is to be dealt with at higher levels of government. The article also highlights the need to analyze interlinkages between barriers in order to suggest how to overcome them. The most common way to overcome barriers according to interviewees is through national and international support followed by the creation of a data bank. These opportunities could be explored by national and international policy-makers to break the deadlock in Beirut.
Psychological resources, dropout risk and academic performance in university students – pattern-oriented analysis and prospective study of Hungarian freshmen
Authors: Martos Tamás , Jagodics Balázs , Kőrössy Judit , Szabó Éva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA growing number of studies support the idea that academic performance is based on specific psychological resources and cognitive abilities. As early university dropout is a widespread problem, it is increasingly important to explore which psychological resources can enhance learning, academic motivation, and achievement during the transition from high school to university. The goal of our study was to explore the psychological resources at the start of the studies linked to subsequent academic achievement. Coping mechanisms, time perspective, self-esteem, mindset, motivation, and test anxiety were measured using questionnaires in a voluntary online study among first-year university students (N = 1113, 53.0 % female). Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified three different factors of psychological resources: ‘Academic achievement focus’, ‘Self-confidence’, and 'Search for interests’. Based on the factor scores, hierarchical cluster analysis identified five subgroups of students. These subgroups showed differential association with first semester GPA and the number of attained credits. The combination of a focus on high academic achievement but low self-confidence could be traced as characteristics predicting the highest risk of decreased achievement and loss of credits. These results indicate that training in psychological resources could support academic achievement and prevent university dropout.
Salinity and food security in southwest coastal Bangladesh: impacts on household food production and strategies for adaptation
Authors: Lam Yukyan , Winch Peter J. , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Broaddus-Shea Elena T. , Harun Md. Golam Dostogir , Surkan Pamela J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rising salinity of land and water is an important, but understudied, climate change-sensitive trend that can exert devastating impacts on food security. This mixed methods investigation combines salinity testing with qualitative research methods to explore these impacts in one of the most salinity-affected regions in the world—the Ganges River Delta. Data collection in 2015 and 2016 undertaken in Bangladesh’s southwest coastal region and Dhaka consisted of 83 in-depth household and stakeholder interviews, six community focus groups, and salinity testing of 27 soil and 45 surface and groundwater samples. Results show that household food production is a multifaceted cornerstone of rural livelihood in the southwest coastal region, and virtually every component of it—from rice plantation and homestead gardening to livestock cultivation and aquaculture—is being negatively affected by salinity. Although households have attempted multiple strategies for adapting food production, effective adaptation remains elusive. At the community level, improved irrigation and floodplain management, as well as restrictions on saltwater aquaculture to abate salinity, are viewed as promising interventions. However, the potential of such measures remains unrealized on a broad scale, as they require a level of external resources and regulation not yet provided by the NGO and government sectors. This study elucidates issues of accessibility, equity, and governance surrounding agricultural interventions for climate change-related salinity adaptation, and its findings can help inform the community of organizations that will increasingly need to grapple with salinity in order to guarantee food security in the context of environmental change.