bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The winds of young Solar-type stars in Coma Berenices and Hercules-Lyra
Authors: Evensberget D , Carter B D , Marsden S C , Brookshaw L , Folsom C P , Salmeron R 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present wind models of 10 young Solar-type stars in the Hercules-Lyra association and the Coma Berenices cluster aged around ∼0.26 and ∼0.58 Gyr, respectively. Combined with five previously modelled stars in the Hyades cluster, aged ∼0.63 Gyr, we obtain a large atlas of 15 observationally based wind models. We find varied geometries, multi-armed structures in the equatorial plane, and a greater spread in quantities such as the angular momentum loss. In our models, we infer variation of a factor of ∼6 in wind angular momentum loss $\dot{J}$ and a factor of ∼2 in wind mass-loss $\dot{M}$ based on magnetic field geometry differences when adjusting for the unsigned surface magnetic flux. We observe a large variation factor of ∼4 in wind pressure for an Earth-like planet; we attribute this to variations in the ‘magnetic inclination’ of the magnetic dipole axis with respect to the stellar axis of rotation. Within our models, we observe a tight correlation between unsigned open magnetic flux and angular momentum loss. To account for possible underreporting of the observed magnetic field strength we investigate a second series of wind models where the magnetic field has been scaled by a factor of 5. This gives $\dot{M}\propto B^{0.4}$ and $\dot{J}\propto B^{1.0}$ as a result of pure magnetic scaling.
Ribonucleotides embedded in template DNA impair mitochondrial RNA polymerase progression
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Posse Viktor , Peter Bradley , Falkenberg Maria , Gustafsson Claes M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human mitochondria lack ribonucleotide excision repair pathways, causing misincorporated ribonucleotides (rNMPs) to remain embedded in the mitochondrial genome. Previous studies have demonstrated that human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ can bypass a single rNMP, but that longer stretches of rNMPs present an obstacle to mitochondrial DNA replication. Whether embedded rNMPs also affect mitochondrial transcription has not been addressed. Here we demonstrate that mitochondrial RNA polymerase elongation activity is affected by a single, embedded rNMP in the template strand. The effect is aggravated at stretches with two or more consecutive rNMPs in a row and cannot be overcome by addition of the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor TEFM. Our findings lead us to suggest that impaired transcription may be of functional relevance in genetic disorders associated with imbalanced nucleotide pools and higher levels of embedded rNMPs.
Assessment of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Status by Integrase Inhibitor Use in REPRIEVE: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis of a Multinational Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kileel Emma M , Lo Janet , Malvestutto Carlos , Fitch Kathleen V , Zanni Markella V , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Overton Edgar T , Okeke Nwora Lance , Kumar Princy , Joao Esau , Aberg Judith A , Martinez Esteban , Currier Judith S , Douglas Pamela S , Ribaudo Heather J , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging data demonstrate that the use of integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is associated with increased weight, but the cardiometabolic health consequences of increased weight remains poorly understood.MethodsThis analysis examined INSTI use (&gt;6 months) at entry among REPRIEVE participants enrolled in High Income and Latin America/Caribbean Global Burden of Disease regions. Primary analyses used linear and logistic regression; secondary analyses used quantile regression to examine differences across the full data distribution. Characteristics of those with and without INSTI use were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsAmong 4500 REPRIEVE participants, 1848 were on an INSTI-based regimen at entry for an average of 2.1 ± 1.8 years. Integrase inhibitor use (vs no INSTI use) was associated with higher odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–1.9) and higher mean body mass index ([BMI] +1.5kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.9) and waist circumference (+3.6cm; 95% CI, 2.6–4.6). Differences in weight related to INSTI use were greater in the upper tails of the distribution (+3.1kg/m2 [95% CI, 1.9–4.4] at the 90th centile vs +0.7kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.2–1.2] at the 50th centile) and among women and nonwhite participants, with sex and race having an additive effect on BMI. Conversely, INSTI use was not associated with differences in glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or higher odds of metabolic syndrome or hypertension.ConclusionsDifferences in weight and waist circumference associated with INSTI use are (1) not uniform across people with human immunodeficiency virus, (2) greatest among women and nonwhites, and (3) concentrated at the upper tails of weight distribution. These data identify at-risk subgroups for whom long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes should be carefully assessed.
Root electrotropism in Arabidopsis does not depend on auxin distribution but requires cytokinin biosynthesis
Authors: Salvalaio Maddalena , Oliver Nicholas , Tiknaz Deniz , Schwarze Maximillian , Kral Nicolas , Kim Soo-Jeong , Sena Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEfficient foraging by plant roots relies on the ability to sense multiple physical and chemical cues in soil and to reorient growth accordingly (tropism). Root tropisms range from sensing gravity (gravitropism), light (phototropism), water (hydrotropism), touch (thigmotropism), and more. Electrotropism, also known as galvanotropism, is the phenomenon of aligning growth with external electric fields and currents. Although root electrotropism has been observed in a few species since the end of the 19th century, its molecular and physical mechanisms remain elusive, limiting its comparison with the more well-defined sensing pathways in plants. Here, we provide a quantitative and molecular characterization of root electrotropism in the model system Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), showing that it does not depend on an asymmetric distribution of the plant hormone auxin, but instead requires the biosynthesis of a second hormone, cytokinin. We also show that the dose–response kinetics of the early steps of root electrotropism follows a power law analogous to the one observed in some physiological reactions in animals. Future studies involving more extensive molecular and quantitative characterization of root electrotropism would represent a step toward a better understanding of signal integration in plants and would also serve as an independent outgroup for comparative analysis of electroreception in animals and fungi.
Sleep as a predictor of tDCS and language therapy outcomes
Authors: Herrmann Olivia , Ficek Bronte , Webster Kimberly T , Frangakis Constantine , Spira Adam P , Tsapkini Kyrana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
To determine whether sleep at baseline (before therapy) predicted improvements in language following either language therapy alone or coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methods
Twenty-three participants with PPA (mean age 68.13 ± 6.21) received written naming/spelling therapy coupled with either anodal tDCS over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or sham condition in a crossover, sham-controlled, double-blind design (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02606422). The outcome measure was percent of letters spelled correctly for trained and untrained words retrieved in a naming/spelling task. Given its particular importance as a sleep parameter in older adults, we calculated sleep efficiency (total sleep time/time in bed x100) based on subjective responses on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We grouped individuals based on a median split: high versus low sleep efficiency.

Results
Participants with high sleep efficiency benefited more from written naming/spelling therapy than participants with low sleep efficiency in learning therapy materials (trained words). There was no effect of sleep efficiency in generalization of therapy materials to untrained words. Among participants with high sleep efficiency, those who received tDCS benefitted more from therapy than those who received sham condition. There was no additional benefit from tDCS in participants with low sleep efficiency.

Conclusion
Sleep efficiency modified the effects of language therapy and tDCS on language in participants with PPA. These results suggest sleep is a determinant of neuromodulation effects.
Clinical Trial: tDCS Intervention in Primary Progressive Aphasia https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02606422
The Utility of COMPASS-31 Questionnaire to Predict Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Cervical/Upper Thoracic Compressive Myelopathy
Authors: Takri Tanushree , Mathew Rosen Roy , Sivadasan Ajith , Raju Krishnaprabhu , Karuppusami Reka , Mariappan Ramamani 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Patients with cervical/upper thoracic compressive myelopathy may have autonomic dysfunction. The composite autonomic severity score (CASS) is the gold standard test to detect autonomic dysfunction, and the self-rated composite autonomic system scale (COMPASS-31) questionnaire is a screening tool to diagnose autonomic dysfunction. This study compared the COMPASS-31 and modified CASS scores for the detection of autonomic dysfunction in patients with compressive myelopathy.

Methods:
Patients with cervical/upper thoracic compressive myelopathy scheduled for decompressive surgery completed a COMPASS-31 questionnaire and underwent autonomic function tests to calculate the modified CASS score before surgery.

Results:
Forty-two patients were included in the study; 19 (45.2%) had mild autonomic dysfunction, 5 (11.9%) had moderate autonomic dysfunction, and 18 (42.9%) had severe autonomic dysfunction. Median (interquartile range) of modified CASS and COMPASS-31 scores were 19 (6.33) and 3 (2.5), respectively. There was a positive correlation between modified CASS and COMPASS-31 scores (r=0.43; P=0.004). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that COMPASS-31 had fair accuracy for prediction of moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction (area under the curve, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.82; P=0.009). A cut-off of 30 for total COMPASS-31 score had a sensitivity of 52.2% and specificity of 89.5% to detect moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction, with positive and negative predictive values of 85.7% and 60.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Patients with cervical/upper thoracic compressive myelopathy had varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction based on the modified CASS. There was a positive correlation between the modified CASS and COMPASS-31 questionnaire. A COMPASS-31 score of >30 30 could be utilized to predict moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction in patients with compressive myelopathy.
Advantages of a Dedicated Orthopaedic Trauma Operating Room for Diaphyseal Femur Fractures
Authors: Cloud Corinne , Fong Bronson , Bloise Christopher , Leonardi Claudia , Krause Peter C. , Lee Olivia C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To examine the impact of instituting a dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room (DOTOR) at a Level I trauma center on diaphyseal femur fracture management.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Regional, university-based Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Trauma patients 18–65 years of age who presented between October 2016 and December 2018 (approximately 1 year before and after implementation of the DOTOR) and underwent surgery for diaphyseal femur fractures. One hundred twenty-eight patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion: 60 were treated before and 68 after implementation of the DOTOR.

Intervention:
Implementation of a DOTOR in October 2017.

Main Outcome Measures:
Percentage of external fixation versus intramedullary nailing, time from emergency department visit to definitive fixation, duration of surgery, and hospital length of stay.

Results:
The only significant difference in patient demographics between the before and after groups was mechanism of injury (P = 0.003). Percentage of external fixators as an initial procedure decreased from 15% to 2.9% (P = 0.024). Time to definitive fixation with intramedullary nail decreased from 1083 minutes to 659 minutes (P = 0.002). There was no significant change in median operative time of intramedullary nailing (P = 0.573). Although not statistically significant, hospital length of stay decreased from 7 days to 5.5 days after implementation (P = 0.158). Cost analysis revealed annual cost savings of more than $261,678 for diaphyseal femur fractures alone by implementing a DOTOR.

Conclusions:
For diaphyseal femur fractures, instituting a DOTOR at a Level I trauma center reduced the percentage of patients requiring a 2-stage fixation, reduced the time to definitive fixation, and yielded cost savings.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Advances in measuring DNA methylation
Authors: Sun Ruixia , Zhu Ping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most important components of epigenetics, which plays essential roles in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression. In recent years, DNA methylation measuring methods have been continuously optimized. Combined with next generation sequencing technologies, these approaches have enabled the detection of genome-wide cytosine methylation at single-base resolution. In this paper, we review the development of 5-methylcytosine and its oxidized derivatives measuring methods, and recent advancement of single-cell epigenome sequencing technologies, offering more referable information for the selection and optimization of DNA methylation sequencing technologies and related research.
Validation of an MRI-based prostate cancer prebiopsy Gleason score predictive nomogram
Authors: Lee Adrianna Jiaying , Wnorowski Amelia , Ye Nancy , Xu Linhan , Naslund Michael , Wood Bradford J. , Merino Maria J. , Turkbey Baris , Choyke Peter L. , Pinto Peter A. , Siddiqui M. Minhaj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Gleason score grading is a cornerstone of risk stratification and management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). In this work, we derive and validate a nomogram that uses prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) and clinical patient characteristics to predict biopsy Gleason scores (bGS).

Materials and methods:
A predictive nomogram was derived from 143 men who underwent MP-MRI prior to any prostate biopsy and then validated on an independent cohort of 235 men from a different institution who underwent MP-MRI for PCa workup. Screen positive lesions were defined as lesions positive on T2W and DWI sequences on MP-MRI. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) density, number of screen positive lesions, and MRI suspicion were associated with PCa Gleason score on biopsy and were used to generate a predictive nomogram. The independent cohort was tested on the nomogram and the most likely bGS was noted.

Results:
The mean PSA in the validation cohort was 9.25ng/mL versus 6.8ng/mL in the original cohort (p = 0.001). The distribution of Gleason scores between the 2 cohorts were not significantly different (p = 0.7). In the original cohort of men, the most probable nomogram generated Gleason score agreed with actual pathologic bGS findings in 61% of the men. In the validation cohort, the most likely nomogram predicted bGS agreed with actual pathologic bGS 51% of the time. The nomogram correctly identified any PCa versus non-PCa 63% of the time and clinically significant (Gleason score ≥ 7) PCa 69% of the time. The negative predictive value for clinically significant PCa using this prebiopsy nomogram was 74% in the validation group.

Conclusions:
A preintervention nomogram based on PSA and MRI findings can help narrow down the likely pathologic finding on biopsy. Validation of the nomogram demonstrated a significant ability to correctly identify the most likely bGS. This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of a prebiopsy prediction of bGS and based on the high negative predictive value, identification of men who may not need biopsies, which could impact future risk stratification for PCa.
Serum apolipoprotein A1 rather than apolipoprotein B is associated with hypertension prevalence in Chinese people with coronary artery disease
Authors: Dong Hongli , Zhang Yaju , Hu Ping , Wang Jie , Lu Nan 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Studies on the association of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) with hypertension (HTN) prevalence in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate this association in Chinese people in Wuhan, China.

Methods
Serum ApoA1 and ApoB levels were measured by immunoturbidimetry assay. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations of ApoA1 and ApoB level and ApoB/A1 ratio with HTN prevalence.

Results
We included 5192 individuals (3060 men, mean age 61 years; 4412 HTN cases) in this study. After adjusting for covariates, serum ApoA1 but not ApoB level or ApoB/A1 ratio was inversely associated with HTN prevalence. HTN prevalence was reduced with the fifth versus first quintile of ApoA1 level [odds ratio = 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.98)]. In stratified analyses based on sex, the probability of HTN with the fifth versus first ApoA1 level was 0.71 (0.53-0.96) for men. The probability of HTN with the fifth versus first quintile of ApoB/A1 ratio was 1.54 (1.11-2.13) after adjustment. With quintiles 2–5 versus of ApoB level, the probability of HTN did not differ in both men and women. On path analyses, the association of ApoA1 level and ApoB/A1 ratio with HTN was mediated by BMI (β coefficients: –0.179 to 0.133).

Conclusion
In general, high serum ApoA1 level may be associated with a reduced probability of HTN prevalence in patients with CAD in China, and this association may be mediated by BMI.
Association Analysis Between HLA-DQA1 Loci and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in a Han Chinese Population
Authors: Zhou Lili , He Zhiyong , Zhu Lanbing , Zhu Juan-juan , Zhu Jian-Hong , Pan Jialin 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Genome-wide association studies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have established an association between HLA-DQ alpha 1 (DQA1) and risk for NMOSD. Though ethnicity is generally considered a major influencing factor in genetic analyses, little is known regarding the association of HLA-DQA1 polymorphisms with NMOSD in the Han population, especially the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at HLA-DQA1.

Methods:
We genotyped SNP at loci rs28383224 in a case-control study consisting of 137 subjects (51 patients with NMOSD and 86 unrelated controls were recruited) of Han ethnicity. Logistic regression was used to test the association of SNP with NMOSD susceptibility, the sex and age were adjusted, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.

Results:
The rs28383224 polymorphism and susceptibility to NMOSD were not statistically associated (P>0.05) in the Han population in the current study. No significant difference was found in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions among different subsets of NMOSD patients (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
In the current study, there is no evidence that polymorphism of rs28383224 in the HLA-DQA1 gene is associated with the risk of NMOSD in the Han Chinese population.
Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma and Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Fornari Marci J. , Lawson Simone L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) accounts for most trauma in children. Although the focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) is considered standard of care in the evaluation of adults with traumatic injuries, there is limited evidence to support its use as an isolated evaluation tool for intra-abdominal injury as a result of BAT in children. Although a positive FAST examination could obviate the need for a computed tomography scan before OR evaluation in a hemodynamically unstable patient, a negative FAST examination cannot exclude intra-abdominal injury as a result of BAT in isolation. In this article, we review the evaluation of BAT in children, describe the evaluation for free intraperitoneal fluid and pericardial fluid using the FAST examination, and discuss the limitations of the FAST examination in pediatric patients.
Regional Differences in School-Based Physical Therapy Practice for Students Who Made Progress on 2 Outcome Measures
Authors: Caldwell Michele , Effgen Susan , Tezanos Alejandro Villasante , Sylvester Lorraine , Jeffries Lynn M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study examined whether regional differences exist in the provision of school-based physical therapy services for students who achieved positive progress and explored relationships between student outcomes and school-based physical therapy.

Methods:
Physical therapists developed student goals using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and administered the School Function Assessment (SFA). Therapists documented activities, interventions, and type of service delivery provided weekly. Students were assigned to regions for analysis.

Results:
Student GAS goal attainment and progress on the SFA did not vary significantly among regions. The dosage of school-based physical therapy services, interventions, and activities varied.

Conclusions:
There were regional differences that did not impact goal achievement. Further research is needed to identify the most efficient and effective interventions and dosage to support student outcomes.
Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury-Like Injury Observed in Patients With Craniofacial Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Yoon Joshua , Gebran Selim , Elegbede Adekunle , Day Samantha , Wasicek Philip , Liang Yuanyuan , Rasko Yvonne , Grant Michael P. , Nam Arthur J. , Bodanapally Uttam K. , Sliker Clint W. , Liang Fan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Although blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is recognized as a risk factor for trauma morbidity and mortality, little is described regarding similar cerebrovascular injury (CVI) in patients with penetrating wounds. The authors aim to characterize these injuries in the craniofacial self-inflicted gunshot wound (SIGSW) population.

Methods:
An institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective nstudy was conducted on patients presenting to the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center with SIGSWs between 2007 and 2016. All CVIs were categorized by location, type, and associated neurologic deficits. Demographic data, patient characteristics, additional studies, and long-term outcomes were collected. A multivariate analysis determining independent predictors of CVI in the SIGSW population was performed.

Results:
Of the 73 patients with SIGSWs, 5 (6.8%) had CVIs separate from the bullet/cavitation tract (distant CVIs) and 9 had CVIs along the bullet/cavitation tract (in-tract CVIs). A total of 55.6% of in-tract and 40% of distant injuries were missed on initial radiology read. One distant CVI patient suffered a stroke during admission. The anterior to posterior gunshot wound trajectory was positively associated with distant CVIs when compared with no CVIs (P = 0.01). Vessel dissection was more prevalent in patients with distant CVIs, when compared against patients with in-tract CVIs (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Nearly 20% of craniofacial SIGSW patients have CVIs and 6.8% have BCVI-like injuries, which is 2-to-6-fold times higher than traditional BCVIs. Craniofacial SIGSWs serve as an independent screening criterion with comparable screening yields; the authors recommend radiographic screening for these patients with particular scrutiny for CVIs as they are frequently missed on initial radiographic interpretations.