bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stop What You're Doing!—An fMRI Study on Comparisons of Neural Subprocesses of Response Inhibition in ADHD and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Gerhardt Sarah , Luderer Mathias , Bumb Jan M. , Sobanski Esther , Moggi Franz , Kiefer Falk , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine 
Published: September 2021

Rationale: Both attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are accompanied by deficits in response inhibition. Furthermore, the prevalence of comorbidity of ADHD and AUD is high. However, there is a lack of research on whether the same neuronal subprocesses of inhibition (i.e., interference inhibition, action withholding and action cancellation) exhibit deficits in both psychiatric disorders.Methods: We examined these three neural subprocesses of response inhibition in patient groups and healthy controls: non-medicated individuals with ADHD (ADHD; N = 16), recently detoxified and abstinent individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD; N = 15), and healthy controls (HC; N = 15). A hybrid response inhibition task covering interference inhibition, action withholding, and action cancellation was applied using a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Results: Individuals with ADHD showed an overall stronger hypoactivation in attention related brain areas compared to AUD or HC during action withholding. Further, this hypoactivation was more accentuated during action cancellation. Individuals with AUD recruited a broader network, including the striatum, compared to HC during action withholding. During action cancellation, however, they showed hypoactivation in motor regions. Additionally, specific neural activation profiles regarding group and subprocess became apparent.Conclusions: Even though deficits in response inhibition are related to both ADHD and AUD, neural activation and recruited networks during response inhibition differ regarding both neuronal subprocesses and examined groups. While a replication of this study is needed in a larger sample, the results suggest that tasks have to be carefully selected when examining neural activation patterns of response inhibition either in research on various psychiatric disorders or transdiagnostic questions.
Job Dissatisfaction Mediated the Associations Between Work Stress and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Qiu Dan , Li Ruiqi , Li Yilu , He Jun , Ouyang Feiyun , Luo Dan , Xiao Shuiyuan 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships and the underlying mechanisms between work stress and mental health problems, and potential mediation effects through job dissatisfaction in a working population.Methods: A large population-based study among workers in China was conducted. The self-reported scales of assessing job dissatisfaction and work stress were included in the questionnaire. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were used for assessment of mental health. Univariate logistic regression was conducted to test the associations between work stress and mental health. Path analysis was conducted to test the proposed mediation model.Results: Of the 6,190 included employees, 27.72% reported that they perceived work stress, 14.84% of them reported that they were not satisfied with their work, 5.01% of the employees reported depressive symptoms, and 3.75% of the employees reported anxiety symptoms. The results of univariate logistic regression showed that employees who perceived work stress were more likely to report anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.03–3.79) or depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.22–2.12). The path analysis showed that work stress was positively associated with job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between work stress and mental health problems among Chinese working adults.Conclusion: This study suggests the importance of psychosocial work environment for mental health among Chinese working adults. Work dissatisfaction is a stressor that may induce negative consequences on the mental health among Chinese workers. Interventions to help workers with stress management may be beneficial for their mental health.
Training Public Health Professionals to Tackle Women, Children, and Families Health Issues: A “Skill-Based Qualitative Learning Approach”
Authors: Obeng Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: There are several teaching and learning approaches but finding the one that is appropriate for a particular field or training program is an arduous task. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the “Skill Based Qualitative Learning Approach” (SBQLA) in training health professionals.Description: The SBQLA is a pedagogical approach via which learners are trained in developing qualitative questionnaires and interview skills to learn from experts in the Public Health (PH) field. This teaching approach arms students with interview skills that help them identify and address PH roadblocks and get them authentic information from experts. It also equips them with techniques on how to do formalized presentations and come up with projects and interventions that help mitigate and eliminate drivers of health problems among women, children and families.Assessment: Learners' field experiences are shared in a professional presentation style in a class to help trainees benefit from each other's information and to get formalized feedback on their presentation. Assessment in this learning approach is based on a synthesis and an analysis of data collected from professionals.Conclusion: Findings from this learning approach enables experts to shed light on true stories shared by real and authentic individuals whose faces can be associated with their shared experiences. This learning approach makes it possible for trainees to also initiate projects that help them tackle existing and emerging public health issues in their future work.
The Association of Physical Function Measures With Frailty, Falls History, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Population With Complex Obesity
Authors: Rhynehart Amanda , Dunlevy Colin , Hayes Katie , O'Connell Jean , O'Shea Donal , O'Malley Emer 
Published: September 2021

Background: Frailty, falls and metabolic syndrome are known to be associated with poorer physical function. This study builds on available research by further investigating the relationship between physical function measures, including those comprising frailty, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and falls, in the context of complex obesity.Methods: Participants were recruited from the national Level 3 weight management service in Ireland. A retrospective audit of data gathered at initial assessment was performed. Data included past medical history, blood tests, blood pressure measurement, anthropometrics, falls history, self-reported physical activity levels (PALs) and physical function measures, including hand grip strength (HGS), “timed up and go” (TUG), functional reach (FR), sit to stand (STS) and gait speed. A modified version of the Fried Frailty Index was employed.Results: Of the 713 participants, 65.1% (n = 464) were female and 34.9% (n = 249) were male with a mean age of 44.2 (±11.7) years and body mass index (BMI) of 50.6 kg/m2 (±8.2). Frailty was identified in 3.4% (n = 24), falls in 28.8% (n = 205) and MetS in 55.1% (n = 393). Frailty was associated with older age (53.8 ± 14.3 vs. 43.9 ± 11.5 years), poorer PALs (27.29 ± 46.3 vs. 101.1 ± 147.4 min/wk), reduced grip strength (17.7 ± 4.6 vs. 34.2 ± 11.0 Kg) longer STS (21.7 ± 6.6 vs. 13.7 ± 5.7 s), shorter functional reach (29.7 ± 7.9 vs. 37.9 ± 8.2 cm) and slower gait speed (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5 m/s). Those reporting a falls history had a reduced FR (35.8 ± 8.9 vs. 38.3 ± 7.8 cm) and slower STS (15.4 ± 8.0 vs. 13.3 ± 4.7 s). Participants with MetS had lower PALs (83.2 ± 128.2 vs. 119.2 ± 157.6) and gait speed (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7 m/s). There was no difference in BMI between fallers and non-fallers (51.34 ± 8.44 vs. 50.33 ± 8.13 Kg/m2, p = 0.138), nor between those with or without MetS. Significant associations were found between BMI and all physical function measures except the TUAG.Conclusion: The associations between frailty, falls and MetS and their combined impact on physical function in people living with obesity demonstrates the need for appropriate screening. Utilising grip strength and gait speed to identify frailty in those with obesity and metabolic syndrome could help target therapies aimed at improving strength, physical function and ultimately quality of life.
Risk Factors and Predictive Score Model for Early Recurrence After Curative Surgery in Patients With Poorly Differentiated Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Li Chengguo , Zhang Peng , Sun Xiong , Tong Xin , Chen Xin , Li Chong , Yang Wenchang , Liu Weizhen , Wang Zheng , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Studies on early recurrence in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) are lacking and risk factors related to early recurrence are not clear. We evaluated risk factors for early recurrence in such patients and developed a predictive scoring model.Methods: Patients undergoing curative surgery for GI-NEC or MANEC between January 2010 and January 2019 were included. Early recurrence was defined as recurrence within 12 months after surgery. Risk factors for early recurrence were identified using logistic regression.Results: Of the 80 included patients, 27 developed early recurrence and 53 had no early recurrence. Independent risk factors associated with early recurrence included tumor location in the midgut/hindgut [odds ratio (OR) = 5.077, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.058–24.352, p = 0.042], alkaline phosphatase (ALP) &gt;80 (OR = 5.331, 95% CI 1.557–18.258, p = 0.008), and lymph node ratio (LNR) &gt;0.25 (OR = 6.578, 95% CI 1.971–21.951, p = 0.002). Risk scores were assigned to tumor location (foregut, 0; midgut/hindgut, 1), ALP (≤80, 0; &gt;80, 1), and LNR (≤0.25, 0; &gt;0.25, 1). Patients with a high risk (score 2–3) for early recurrence had significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than those with low- (score 0) and intermediate risks (score 1) (both p &lt; 0.001). The novel scoring model had superior predictive efficiency for early recurrence over TNM staging (area under the curve 0.795 vs. 0.614, p = 0.003).Conclusion: Tumor location, preoperative ALP, and LNR were independent factors associated with early recurrence after curative surgery for GI-NEC or MANEC. The risk scoring model developed based on these three factors shows superior predictive efficiency.
Influence of light irradiation on the charge-accumulation-type potential-induced degradation of n-type front-emitter crystalline Si photovoltaic modules
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Thi Cam Tu Huynh , Masuda Atsushi , Ohdaira Keisuke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated the influence of light irradiation on the charge-accumulation-type potential-induced degradation (PID) of n-type front-emitter (n-FE) crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. A PID test under one-sun irradiation leads to faster reductions of short-circuit current–density (J
sc) and open-circuit voltage (V
oc) compared to the case of a PID test in the dark. This indicates that light irradiation accelerates the charge-accumulation-type PID of the n-FE PV modules. The J
sc and V
oc reductions become slower under irradiation without ultraviolet (UV) light, showing almost the same time dependence as the PID test in the dark. The acceleration of PID by the addition of UV light may be explained by the excitation of electrons at K0 centers in silicon nitride (SiN
x
) and their faster drift to the surface by the electric field applied to SiN
x
.
Self-Refine Learning For Data-Centric Deep Learning
Authors: Guo Tong 
Published: September 2021

<p>In industry NLP application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noise data. We present a simple method to find the noise data and remove them. We select the noise data whose human label is not contained in the top-K model's predictions. The experiment result shows that our method works. For industry deep learning application, our method improve the text classification accuracy from 80.5% to 90.6% in dev dataset, and improve the human-evaluation accuracy from 83.2% to 90.1%. The self-predict and self-drop method of this paper can not improve the accuracy to more than 95%, without human labeling again for the training dataset. </p>
Disinfectants: Use of Different Types of Sanitization Techniques in 18th and 19th Centuries Britain and India
Authors: Chetan Chetan 
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the use of different kinds of disinfectants used for sanitization and cleaning of public and private places for curbing the spread of diseases from one place to another. Multiple methods were employed for disinfection; some of which are easily accessible to the common people while others were particularly used in infirmaries and hospitals at the time of treatment. The article also shows that disinfectants were supplement to medicine and they target limiting of the contagion to a space whereas medicines were given for the treatment of patients. Historically, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries witnessed unprecedented development in the field of chemistry which led to the discoveries of different types of antiseptic solutions and disinfectants apparently endorsed by the germ theory.

Image Credit: Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images images@wellcome.ac.uk http://wellcomeimages.org
Measuring Self-Regulation of Distance Learners: A Comparative Study of Science and Arts Students
Authors: Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary  , Azhar Mahmood  , Sidra Khushnood  
Published: September 2021

In distance learning, students’ self-regulation and autonomy has vital place. Learner’s selfregulation is a major predictor of the academic success of distance learner. The high rate of selfregulation increases the quality of distance education. Therefore, it is important to explore that how much self-regulated the distance learners are in a distance education mode. This study aimed at exploring the self-regulation strategies of science and arts students studying in a distance learning university. The present study was descriptive in nature and survey was used for it. A sample of forty students was selected through purposive sampling. Learners’ self-regulation was measured through research tool, having six constructs such as planning, monitoring, effort made by the distance learners to accomplish the course, self-efficacy, help-seeking situations, time and environment management situations. The data was collected through online questionnaire. It was found that distance learning science students were more self-regulated than arts students. Overall science students scored significantly higher grades than that of arts students. It is concluded that the science students are more self regulated due to self monitoring for their studies, more goal setting and more group interdependence. Goal setting and group interdependence can be considered as contributor for high GPA of distance learners. For science students, group interdependence is a good predictor of more GPA, however, for arts students, future orientation can be a predictor of good GPA. It is recommended that more interaction must be increased between instructor and arts students so that they can be more self-regulated about their studies.
Pott’s Puffy Tumor - Overview of case series
Authors: Bem Junior Luiz Severo , Medeiros Márcia Noelle Cavalcante , Gadelha Luan de Sá Pinto Nóbrega , Neri Wagner José Raia , Cavalcanti Marie Anne Gomes 
Published: September 2021

Pott’s puffy tumor (PPT) is rare and usually seen as a complication of frontal sinusitis that has been neglected or partially treated, resulting in subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone with underlying osteomyelitis, which can lead to life-threatening intracranial complications, such as epidural/subdural empyema, cerebral abscess and meningitis. Given this, the purpose of the present study was to gather the most diverse cases reported together to highlight the main treatment methods. Methods: It is a narrative review, starting from the search in the database PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo from 2010 to 2020, which resulted in 34 scientific articles. The search focused on obtaining data on new approaches and treatments established for Pott’s puffy tumor. Results: 34 articles were included which described 58 patients with a swollen Pott tumor, occurring predominantly in male adolescents, with streptococci (26,1%) as the main etiologic agent. Approximately 84% of all patients were male subjects. The most prevalent intracranial complication was an epidural or extradural abscess (84,2%). Regarding PTT therapy, all patients received antibiotic therapy (ATB), and the main empirical antimicrobial scheme used was cephalosporin third generation, with vancomycin and metronidazole. In most cases, surgery was performed using several techniques, mainly an external surgical approach, external drainage (ED) of the subperiosteal abscess associated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). In general, the prognosis is favorable, even if neurological symptoms are present at admission. Conclusion: Based on available literature, PPT is a profoundly serious complication, which can be easily avoided if treated with the ATB, ED and ESS triad immediately, and, if necessary, craniotomy.
A Gaia-based Photometric and Kinematic Analysis of the Old Open Cluster King 11
Authors: Sariya Devesh P. , Jiang Ing-Guey , Bisht D. , Sizova M. D. , Chupina N. V. , Vereshchagin S. V. , Yadav R. K. S. , Rangwal G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of an old age open cluster King 11 using Gaia’s Early Data Release 3 data. Considering the stars with membership probability (P

μ
) > 90%, we identified 676 most probable cluster members within the cluster’s limiting radius. The mean proper motion for King 11 is determined as: μ

x
= − 3.391 ± 0.006 and μ

y
= − 0.660 ± 0.004 mas yr−1. The blue straggler stars of King 11 show a centrally concentrated radial distribution. The values of limiting radius, age, and distance are determined as 18.′51, 3.63 ± 0.42 Gyr, and 3.33 ± 0.15 kpc, respectively. The cluster’s apex coordinates (A = 267.°84 ± 1.°01, D = − 27.°48 ± 1.°03) are determined using the apex diagram method and verified using the (μ

U
, μ

T
) diagram. We also obtained the orbit that the cluster follows in the Galaxy and estimated its tentative birthplace in the disk. The resulting spatial velocity of King 11 is 60.2 ± 2.16 km s−1. A significant oscillation along the Z coordinate up to 0.556 ± 0.022 kpc is determined.
Validation of the PDFI_SS Method for Electric Field Inversions Using a Magnetic Flux Emergence Simulation
Authors: Afanasyev Andrey N. , Kazachenko Maria D. , Fan Yuhong , Fisher George H. , Tremblay Benoit 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of electric fields in the photosphere is required to calculate the electromagnetic energy flux through the photosphere and set up boundary conditions for data-driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solar eruptions. Recently, the PDFI_SS method for inversions of electric fields from a sequence of vector magnetograms and Doppler velocity measurements was improved to incorporate spherical geometry and a staggered-grid description of variables. The method was previously validated using synthetic data from anelastic MHD (ANMHD) simulations. In this paper, we further validate the PDFI_SS method, using approximately 1 hr long MHD simulation data of magnetic flux emergence from the upper convection zone into the solar atmosphere. We reconstruct photospheric electric fields and calculate the Poynting flux, and we compare those to the actual values from the simulations. We find that the accuracy of the PDFI_SS reconstruction is quite good during the emergence phase of the simulated ephemeral active region evolution and decreases during the shearing phase. Analyzing our results, we conclude that the more complex nature of the evolution (compared to the previously studied ANMHD case) that includes the shearing evolution phase is responsible for the obtained accuracy decrease.
Fine Structures of an EUV Wave Event from Multi-viewpoint Observations
Authors: Chandra Ramesh , Chen P. F. , Devi Pooja , Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Moon Yong-Jae , Uddin Wahab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigate an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave event on 2010 February 11, which occurred as a limb event from the Earth viewpoint and a disk event from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Behind viewpoint. We use the data obtained by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory in various EUV channels. The EUV wave event was launched by a partial prominence eruption. Compared with some EUV wave events in previous works, this EUV wave event contains a faster wave with a speed of ∼445 ± 6 km s−1, which we call a coronal Moreton wave, and a slower wave with a speed of ∼298 ± 5 km s−1, which we call the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) wave. The coronal Moreton wave is identified as a fast-mode wave and the EIT wave is identified as an apparent propagation due to successive field-line stretching. We also observe a stationary front associated with the fast-mode EUV wave. This stationary front is explained as mode conversion from the coronal Moreton wave to a slow-mode wave near a streamer.
Bayesian Nonparametric Inference of the Neutron Star Equation of State via a Neural Network
Authors: Han Ming-Zhe , Jiang Jin-Liang , Tang Shao-Peng , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We develop a new nonparametric method to reconstruct the equation of state (EoS) of a neutron star with multimessenger data. As a universal function approximator, the feed-forward neural network (FFNN) with one hidden layer and a sigmoidal activation function can approximately fit any continuous function. Thus, we are able to implement the nonparametric FFNN representation of the EoSs. This new representation is validated by its capability of fitting the theoretical EoSs and recovering the injected parameters. Then, we adopt this nonparametric method to analyze the real data, including the mass–tidal deformability measurement from the binary neutron star merger gravitational-wave event GW170817 and mass–radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451 by NICER. We take the publicly available samples to construct the likelihood and use the nested sampling to obtain the posteriors of the parameters of the FFNN according to the Bayesian theorem, which in turn can be translated to the posteriors of the EoS parameters. Combining all of these data for a canonical 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star, we get a radius

R

1.4

=

11.83

−
1.08

+
1.25

km and tidal deformability

Λ

1.4

=

323

−
165

+
334

(90% confidence interval). Furthermore, we find that in the high-density region (≥3ρ
sat), the 90% lower limits of

c

s

2

/

c

2

(where c
s is the sound speed and c is the velocity of light in vacuum) are above 1/3, which means that the so-called conformal limit (i.e.,

c

s

2

/

c

2

<
1

/

3

) is not always valid in the neutron stars.