bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of white matter lesion is associated with early hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Filippidis Filippos T. , Harvey Kirsten , Marinescu Marilena , Bentley Paul , Korompoki Eleni , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic transformation (HT) after stroke, related to atrial fibrillation (AF), is a frequent complication, and it can be associated with a delay in the (re‐)initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy. We investigated the effect of the presence and severity of white matter disease (WMD) on early HT after stroke related to AF.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with recent (<4 weeks) ischemic stroke and AF, treated at the Hyper Acute Stroke Unit of the Imperial College London between 2010 and 2017, were enrolled. Patients with brain MRI performed 24–72 h from stroke onset and not yet started on anticoagulant treatment were included. WMD was graded using the Fazekas score.ResultsAmong the 441 patients eligible for the analysis, 91 (20.6%) had any HT. Patients with and without HT showed similar clinical characteristics. Patients with HT had a larger diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) infarct volume compared to patients without HT (p < .001) and significant difference in the distribution of the Fazekas score (p = .001). On multivariable analysis, HT was independently associated with increasing DWI infarct volume (odd ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.05; p < .001), higher Fazekas scores (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.47–2.57; p < .001) and history of previous intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.11–20.80; p = .036).ConclusionsPresence and severity of WMD is associated with increased risk of development of early HT in patients with stroke and AF. Further evidence is needed to provide reliable radiological predictors of the risk of HT in cardioembolic stroke.
Sustainable finance and investment: Review and research agenda
Authors: Cunha Felipe Arias Fogliano de Souza , Meira Erick , Orsato Renato J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSustainable finance and investment (SFI) is key to fostering sustainable global development. Research in this field has focused on specific topics, such as the financial performance of sustainable investments and companies committed to sustainability. The SFI literature is excessively fragmented, rendering it difficult to identify what constitutes the field and what differentiates it from traditional finance and investment. Based on a systematic literature review of 166 articles, we map and integrate the main elements of the SFI field and identify the most relevant avenues for further research. In this process, we provide a definition of SFI; identify the main players in the field; and describe their profiles, strategies, and outcomes. We also propose a framework for understanding the SFI field and a research agenda. This agenda organizes the main SFI research questions and suggests suitable approaches to address them. We conclude that SFI players have worked together to promote positive social and environmental impacts through their financial and investment activities. However, the under‐theorization of the SFI concept, the traditional short‐term nature of financial logic, and the lack of evidence on the SFI impacts on society and the environment are the greatest challenges facing the field.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of Intracellular Transport by Means of Doubly Labelled siRNA Architectures
Authors: Doll Larissa , Lackner Jens , Rönicke Franziska , Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor monitoring the intracellular pathway of small interfering RNA (siRNA), both strands were labelled at internal positions by two ATTO dyes as an interstrand Förster resonance energy transfer pair. siRNA double strands show red emission and a short donor lifetime as readout, whereas siRNA antisense single strands show green emission and a long donor lifetime. This readout signals if GFP silencing can be expected (green) or not (red). We attached both dyes to three structurally different alkyne anchors by postsynthetic modifications. There is only a slight preference for the ribofuranoside anchors with the dyes at their 2’‐positions. For the first time, the delivery and fate of siRNA in live HeLa cells was tracked by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), which revealed a clear relationship between intracellular transport using different transfection methods and knockdown of GFP expression, which demonstrates the potential of our siRNA architectures as a tool for future development of effective siRNA.
A DFT Study on Heterogeneous Pt/CeO2(110) Single Atom Catalysts for CO Oxidation
Authors: Qin Yan‐Yang , Su Ya‐Qiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding strong metal‐support interactions is crucially important for developing atom‐efficient transition metal heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we performed a density functional theory study of highly dispersed Pt on CeO2(110). Various surface models are compared in terms of thermodynamic stability, electronic properties and energy diagrams for CO oxidation. Pt prefers square‐planar oxygen coordination in all models with a +2 state. The structures with a single Pt atom exhibit a low CO oxidation activity. A higher activity is predicted by replacement of a surface Ce by two Pt atoms. The high activity of this highly stable structure stems from the coordinative unsaturation of one of the Pt atoms and the presence of a neighboring two‐fold O atom. The CO oxidation occurs via a Mars‐van Krevelen mechanism. A compared to single‐atom catalysts based on Pt in interaction with CeO2(111) emphasizes the strong dependence of catalytic activity on the ceria surface termination.
EduChain: A highly available education consortium blockchain platform based on Hyperledger Fabric
Authors: Liang Xiubo , Zhao Qian , Zhang Yanyu , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Qifei 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWith the problems of data sharing and information diddling in the field of education, we construct a highly available education consortium blockchain platform to ensure trusted sharing and privacy protection of education data. We employ erasure codes to process blockchain ledger files and optimize the data storage model according to the characteristics of education data, which can reduce the storage volume effectively. A HotStuff consensus algorithm is designed to access the ordering service of Hyperledger Fabric. A suitable educational blockchain network architecture based on the node complexity of education scenarios is proposed to achieve the high availability of the platform. To manage the education blockchain network, we implement the Fabric deployment based on Kubernetes and achieve the goal of including chaincode into Kubernetes environmental management. To improve the resource utilization of chaincode, we explore the new way of chaincode management by the functional computing service. Finally, on the premise of ensuring a 1/2 fault tolerance rate, the total ledger has decreased by 53.56%. Our platform enhanced the Byzantine fault tolerance while ensuring higher efficiency. Experimental results show that our platform is quite suitable for education scenario with many nodes.
Direct vs Indirect Grafting of Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Authors: Hetemi Dardan , Combellas Catherine , Kanoufi Frédéric , Podvorica Fetah I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe direct and indirect electrochemical grafting of alkyl and aryl halides (RX, ArX) on carbon, metal and polymer surfaces is examined. Their electrochemical reduction occurs at highly negative potential in organic solvents and very often produces carbanions because the reduction potentials of RX and ArX are more negative than those of their corresponding radicals. Therefore, direct electrografting of alkyl and aryl radicals generated from RX and ArX is not easy to perform. This obstacle is overcome using aryl radicals derived from the 2,6‐dimethylbenzenediazonium salt (2,6‐DMBD), which do not react on the electrode surface due to their steric hindrance but react in solution by abstracting an iodine or bromine atom from RX (X=I, Br) or ArI to give alkyl or aryl radicals. As a consequence, alkyl and aryl radicals are generated at very low driving force by diverting the reactivity of aryl radicals derived from an aryl diazonium salt; they attack the electrode surface and form strongly attached organic layers. This strategy applies to the chemical modification of polymers (polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate) by alkyl halides under heating.
Comparison of preemptive ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration in reducing peri‐ and postoperative pain in primary tooth extraction: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Raslan Nabih , Zouzou Toufic 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe management of pain resulting from anesthesia injection, tooth extraction and in the period after extraction is of great importance in pediatric dentistry.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the preemptive administration of ibuprofen or acetaminophen with placebo in reducing the pain during injection, extraction and postoperatively in children undergoing primary tooth extraction.Material and methodsA randomized, placebo‐controlled, triple‐blinded clinical trial of cooperative children who needed primary molar extraction by local anesthesia. Sixty‐six children aged between 6 and 8 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) Acetaminophen syrup (320 mg/10 ml); (b) placebo solution; and (c) ibuprofen syrup (200 mg/10 ml). Each of the three solutions was given 30 min before administration of the local anesthetic agent. The Pain level was assessed using the Wong–Baker faces® pain rating scale after injection, extraction, and postoperatively. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test were used to evaluate the pain scores between groups at confidence level of 95%.ResultsThe use of preemptive analgesics showed lower pain scores compared to placebo. Additionally, only ibuprofen significantly reduced pain scores compared to placebo at the points immediately after injection (p = 0.001), immediately after extraction (p = 0.0001) and 5 h after extraction (p = 0.002).ConclusionPreemptive usage of ibuprofen reduces injection pain and relieves both extraction and postoperative pain in children undergoing primary tooth extraction.What this paper or case report adds
It adds the knowledge regarding pain relief of injection and extraction in children.
Preemptive analgesic medications have a beneficial effect on alleviating postoperative pain following tooth extraction in children.
Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing primary tooth extraction.
Why this paper or case report is important to pediatric dentists
Pediatric dentists may consider preemptive ibuprofen in children before injection and extractions.
Identifies that Ibuprofen is an effective method of reducing postoperative pain.
Does it pay to be environmentally responsible? Investigating the effect on the weighted average cost of capital
Authors: Mariani Massimo , Pizzutilo Fabio , Caragnano Alessandra , Zito Marianna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research aims at investigating the effect of firms' environmental policies on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in order to catch capital markets' reaction towards corporate environmental commitment and effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions. We refer to the European market and analysed a sample of companies listed on the Stoxx Europe 600 Index during the timeframe 2014–2018. Our results show that capital markets have become particularly sensitive to environmental issues and therefore reward environmentally virtuous firms with a lower after tax WACC. We also argue that this effect is prominent for both high emitting and low emitting industries.
Retracted: Peak to average power ratio reduction of ZT DFT‐S‐OFDM signals using hybrid improved monarch butterfly optimization‐PTS scheme with TR‐clipping scheme
Authors: Lavanya Pathuri , Satyanarayana Penke , Mohatram Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCurrent research on zero‐tail discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM, an add on to conventional discrete Fourier transform DFT‐OFDM modulation without cyclic prefix (CP). Its low power tail is configured for coping up with channel's delay spread. Advantageous feature of ZT DFT‐S‐OFDM has drawn researchers for deploying it as a potential waveform candidate to fifth generation (5G). However, the intrinsic shortcoming of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) should be alleviated. In order to improve that work, we propose a hybrid PAPR scheme that implements optimized partial transmit sequence (PTS) with tone reservation (TR) with clipping technique. Its earlier work stresses for reducing PTS scheme's computational complexity with enhanced version of monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) for PAPR reduction in ZT DFT‐S‐OFDM system. The proposed model reduced the correlation among the candidate signals. In this paper, we further reduce PAPR by deploying TR clipping pair, which reduces the influence of clipping noise and decreases ZT DFT‐S‐OFDM signal's PAPR at same time. The proposed hybrid technique produces excellent PAPR reduction while improving receiver sensitivity and effective throughout. The performance comparison is done using the parameters like PAPR and BER to confirm that this introduced design exceeds current waveforms designs with more economical design structure.
Joint energy‐efficient user scheduling and power allocation scheme for a millimeter‐wave‐NOMA system
Authors: Ganesan Indumathi , Jayakumar Roscia Jeya Shiney , Murugan Sneha priya , Muneeswaran Divya Bharathi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe combination of non‐orthogonal multiple access in millimeter‐wave communication called as mmWave‐NOMA is capable of supporting more data streams with a larger number of users to cope up with the increasing traffic demand. In this paper, an energy‐efficient scheme for downlink mmWave‐NOMA systems with joint user grouping, scheduling, and optimal power allocation with the objective of energy efficiency maximization is proposed. Enhanced k‐means clustering for user grouping which can handle the possible simultaneous access of network to enhance the sum throughput is proposed. Weighted sum algorithm‐based scheduling where weights are calculated based on the service requirement of the users to maximize the sum rate and a proportional‐based scheme of power allocation modeled as a resource allocation problem considering the beam gain and discrimination weight of each user for energy‐efficient power allocation is discussed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is energy efficient than the conventional mmWave orthogonal multiple access systems.
Grazing regime alters plant community structure via patch‐scale diversity in semiarid grasslands
Authors: Li Wenhuai , Hooper David U. , Wu Liji , Bakker Jonathan D. , Gianuca Andros T. , Wu X. Ben , Taube Friedhelm , Wang Chaonan , Bai Yongfei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelective grazing of livestock creates lightly and heavily grazed vegetation patches, which together contribute to the whole community in grazed grasslands. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts moderate grazing intensity can increase species diversity. However, grazing patchiness complicates predicted responses to grazing intensity from ecological theory and may influence how various management regimes affect biodiversity at the whole community scale. We examined effects of management regime and grazing intensity on plant species diversity, community composition, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and soil compaction. Two management regimes (season‐long continuous grazing and grazing and mowing alternated annually) and seven levels of grazing intensity were applied over the past 10 yr. We assessed how α diversity within patches and β diversity across patches contributed to the diversity of the whole plot and how these relationships responded to both grazing intensity and management regime. We further divided β diversity into nestedness and replacement components across lightly and heavily grazed patches within plots. The mixed grazing–mowing regime differed from the continuous grazing regime in that the former had a higher number of palatable species, higher species evenness, and higher Shannon‐Wiener diversity, in both lightly and heavily grazed patches and the whole plots, and especially at moderate and high grazing intensities. The continuous grazing regime and the mixed grazing–mowing regime did not differ in total β diversity. However, the nestedness component of total β diversity was dominant in the continuous grazing regime. In contrast, species richness and ANPP did not differ significantly between the two management regimes, though soil hardness in heavily grazed patches was significantly higher under the continuous grazing regime than the mixed grazing–mowing regime. Loss of rare species under both management regimes, even at low to moderate grazing intensities, suggests that selective grazing and patch formation may not conform with the IDH. Our study indicates that the mixed grazing–mowing regime is more sustainable for long‐term grassland management than the continuous grazing regime by controlling the creation of heavily grazed patches. These findings, integrating α‐β‐γ diversity and patch‐scale approaches, provide a more thorough evaluation than the intermediate disturbance hypothesis of grazing management in terms of sustainability and biodiversity conservation in semiarid regions.
Historic declines in growth portend trembling aspen death during a contemporary leaf miner outbreak in Alaska
Authors: Boyd Melissa A. , Berner Logan T. , Foster Adrianna C. , Goetz Scott J. , Rogers Brendan M. , Walker Xanthe J. , Mack Michelle C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change‐driven droughts and insect outbreaks are becoming more frequent and widespread, increasing forest vulnerability to mortality. By addressing the impacts of climate and insects on tree growth preceding death, we can better understand tree mortality risk under a changing climate. Here, we used tree stature and interannual growth (basal area increment; BAI) to assess processes leading to trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) survival or mortality during an unprecedented leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) outbreak in boreal North America. We identified eight sites (22 plots) in the longest running forest monitoring network in Alaska, spanning ~350 km of latitude, that experienced ≥0.25 Mg·ha−1·yr−1aspen mortality during the outbreak. We compared the size and canopy position, growth patterns, and sensitivity to climate and leaf mining of aspen that survived (living;n = 84) vs. died (dying;n = 76) and linked the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to plot‐level aspen growth and stand biomass recruitment, growth, and mortality. Dying aspen were in the subcanopy, smaller in diameter, and after a drought in 1957 had lower growth than living aspen until death. Before the outbreak, growth of all trees was positively influenced by moisture and negatively by temperature, but only living trees maintained this climate response during the outbreak. Leaf mining reduced growth of both groups, exerting at least a twofold greater impact than climate. The NDVI captured plot‐level tree growth and stand biomass growth and mortality, yet it was nearly two times more strongly associated with living than dying tree growth and 12 times more strongly associated with biomass growth than mortality. These differences suggest that NDVI may inadequately detect insect‐driven dieback and dispersed mortality of aspen across the boreal biome. Our findings reveal that a historic drought triggered a multi‐decadal growth decline that predisposed aspen to mortality during the leaf miner outbreak and that while aspen growth is influenced by moisture and temperature, it is more strongly affected byP. populiella. We conclude that as the climate warms and insect outbreaks increase in frequency and magnitude at high latitudes, we should expect to see persistent and greater declines in aspen growth and increases in mortality.
Coordination from Heteroscorpionate Ligand Towards Pd(II) via Pd⋅⋅⋅Hδ−C(sp3) Interaction: Structural and Catalytic Studies
Authors: González‐Montiel Simplicio , Ignacio Sandoval‐Chávez César , Castillo‐Moreno Miguel Ángel , Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel , Manuel Vásquez‐Pérez José , Cruz‐Borbolla Julián , Salazar‐Pereda Verónica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coordination ability of the heteroscorpionate ligand 2,2‐bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐p‐tolylethanol (1) towards palladium (II) dihalides was evaluated. The structures of the respective palladium complexes (2 and 3) were elucidated in solution by NMR spectroscopy, and their molecular structures were established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Both studies revealed the existence of Pd⋅⋅⋅Hδ−C(sp3) anagostic interactions. The molecular structure of complexes 2 and 3 displays coordination of ligand 1 to palladium in a κ3‐NNH tridentate fashion via two nitrogen atoms and one δ‐anagostic H⋅⋅⋅Pd interaction. The metal center exhibits a square pyramidal geometry. The distances of anagostic Hδ⋅⋅⋅Pd interactions ranged from 2.566 to 2.576 Å. The δ‐anagostic H⋅⋅⋅Pd interactions in complexes 2 and 3 were also identified by Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non‐covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. The catalytic efficiencies of complexes 2 and 3 in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions were evaluated and the results showed that palladium (II) dibromide complex is the most efficient of the series. Complex 3 was also evaluated in Mizoroki‐Heck cross‐coupling reactions.
Hormonal pleiotropy structures genetic covariance
Authors: Wittman Tyler N. , Robinson Christopher D. , McGlothlin Joel W. , Cox Robert M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuantitative genetic theory proposes that phenotypic evolution is shaped by G, the matrix of genetic variances and covariances among traits. In species with separate sexes, the evolution of sexual dimorphism is also shaped by B, the matrix of between-sex genetic variances and covariances. Despite considerable focus on estimating these matrices, their underlying biological mechanisms are largely speculative. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that G and B are structured by hormonal pleiotropy, which occurs when one hormone influences multiple phenotypes. Using juvenile brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) bred in a paternal half-sibling design, we elevated the steroid hormone testosterone with slow-release implants while administering empty implants to siblings as a control. We quantified the effects of this manipulation on the genetic architecture of a suite of sexually dimorphic traits, including body size (males are larger than females) and the area, hue, saturation, and brightness of the dewlap (a colorful ornament that is larger in males than in females). Testosterone masculinized females by increasing body size and dewlap area, hue, and saturation, while reducing dewlap brightness. Control females and males differed significantly in G, but treatment of females with testosterone rendered G statistically indistinguishable from males. Whereas B was characterized by low between-sex genetic correlations when estimated between control females and males, these same correlations increased significantly when estimated between testosterone females and either control or testosterone males. The full G matrix (including B) for testosterone females and either control or testosterone males was significantly less permissive of sexually dimorphic evolution than was G estimated between control females and males, suggesting that natural sex differences in testosterone help decouple genetic variance between the sexes. Our results confirm that hormonal pleiotropy structures genetic covariance, implying that hormones play an important yet overlooked role in mediating evolutionary responses to selection.