bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travel experience matters: Expected personal mobility impacts after simulated L3/L4 automated driving
Authors: Lehtonen Esko , Wörle Johanna , Malin Fanny , Metz Barbara , Innamaa Satu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutomated vehicles (AVs) are expected to change personal mobility in the near future. Most studies on the mobility impacts of AVs focus on fully automated (SAE L5) vehicles, but the gradual development of the technology will probably bring AVs with more limited capabilities to begin with. This stated-preference study focused on the potential mobility impacts of conditionally automated (L3) and highly automated cars (L4). We investigated personal mobility impacts among 59 participants who experienced automated driving repeatedly in a driving simulator. Half of them drove with an L3 and half with an L4 motorway function. After the first and final drive they answered questions on their travel experience and how automated vehicles could change their mobility. After the drives, participants in both groups were willing to accept 30–50% longer travel times for a 30 min trip if they did not need to drive the whole trip themselves. This translates into savings of around 30% for the perceived value of travel time on routes where automation is available. There were no statistically significant differences between L3 and L4 in the accepted travel times. Most participants did not expect to make more trips with automated cars, but around half of them anticipated making longer trips. The amount of car travel may increase more with L4 than with L3 automation, possibly due somewhat to changes in the experienced travel quality. The results suggest that the mobility impacts of automated driving may increase with a higher level of automation.
The Gender Similarities Hypothesis: Insights From A Multilevel Analysis of High-Stakes Examination Results in Mathematics
Authors: Cantley Ian , McAllister James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study involved multilevel analysis of high-stakes examination results (i.e., GCSE) in Northern Ireland to investigate gender differentials in mathematical achievement, whereas most previous research in the area used results from low-stakes tests (i.e., PISA, TIMSS). The analysis supported the gender similarities hypothesis with respect to both overall and content domain-specific mathematical attainment. Similar conclusions were drawn from the current study as have been reported in studies into gender differentials using data from low-stakes assessments in the respective jurisdiction. This suggests that previously expressed concerns in the literature about the viability of using data derived from low-stakes assessments to accurately assess gender differentials in achievement may be unfounded. Furthermore, the context for the current study permitted an investigation into the effects of school type (grammar versus non-grammar) and gender on overall and domain-specific mathematical achievement, an area that has received scant attention in the literature. School type was not found to have an effect on the applicability of the gender similarities hypothesis with respect to mathematical achievement. The study findings are likely to prove useful to researchers and policymakers who are interested in gender equity issues in mathematics.
Differential Item Functioning Analyses of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Measures: Methods, Challenges, Advances, and Future Directions
Authors: Teresi Jeanne A. , Wang Chun , Kleinman Marjorie , Jones Richard N. , Weiss David J. 
Published: July 2021

Several methods used to examine differential item functioning (DIF) in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) measures are presented, including effect size estimation. A summary of factors that may affect DIF detection and challenges encountered in PROMIS DIF analyses, e.g., anchor item selection, is provided. An issue in PROMIS was the potential for inadequately modeled multidimensionality to result in false DIF detection. Section 1 is a presentation of the unidimensional models used by most PROMIS investigators for DIF detection, as well as their multidimensional expansions. Section 2 is an illustration that builds on previous unidimensional analyses of depression and anxiety short-forms to examine DIF detection using a multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model. The Item Response Theory-Log-likelihood Ratio Test (IRT-LRT) method was used for a real data illustration with gender as the grouping variable. The IRT-LRT DIF detection method is a flexible approach to handle group differences in trait distributions, known as impact in the DIF literature, and was studied with both real data and in simulations to compare the performance of the IRT-LRT method within the unidimensional IRT (UIRT) and MIRT contexts. Additionally, different effect size measures were compared for the data presented in Section 2. A finding from the real data illustration was that using the IRT-LRT method within a MIRT context resulted in more flagged items as compared to using the IRT-LRT method within a UIRT context. The simulations provided some evidence that while unidimensional and multidimensional approaches were similar in terms of Type I error rates, power for DIF detection was greater for the multidimensional approach. Effect size measures presented in Section 1 and applied in Section 2 varied in terms of estimation methods, choice of density function, methods of equating, and anchor item selection. Despite these differences, there was considerable consistency in results, especially for the items showing the largest values. Future work is needed to examine DIF detection in the context of polytomous, multidimensional data. PROMIS standards included incorporation of effect size measures in determining salient DIF. Integrated methods for examining effect size measures in the context of IRT-based DIF detection procedures are still in early stages of development.
Cross-sectional analysis of follow-up chest MRI and chest CT scans in patients previously affected by COVID-19
Authors: Pecoraro Martina , Cipollari Stefano , Marchitelli Livia , Messina Emanuele , Del Monte Maurizio , Galea Nicola , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Francone Marco , Catalano Carlo , Panebianco Valeria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the agreement between chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) and to assess the diagnostic performance of chest MRI relative to that of CT during the follow-up of patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.

Materials and methods
Fifty-two patients underwent both follow-up chest CT and MRI scans, evaluated for ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, fibrosis, pleural indentation, vessel enlargement, bronchiolar ectasia, and changes compared to prior CT scans. DWI/ADC was evaluated for signal abnormalities suspicious for inflammation. Agreement between CT and MRI was assessed with Cohen’s k and weighted k. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of MRI were calculated.

Results
The agreement between CT and MRI was almost perfect for consolidation (k = 1.00) and change from prior CT (k = 0.857); substantial for predominant pattern (k = 0.764) and interlobular septal thickening (k = 0.734); and poor for GGOs (k = 0.339), fibrosis (k = 0.224), pleural indentation (k = 0.231), and vessel enlargement (k = 0.339). Meanwhile, the sensitivity of MRI was high for GGOs (1.00), interlobular septal thickening (1.00), and consolidation (1.00) but poor for fibrotic changes (0.18), pleural indentation (0.23), and vessel enlargement (0.50) and the specificity was overall high. DWI was positive in 46.0% of cases.

Conclusions
The agreement between MRI and CT was overall good. MRI was very sensitive for GGOs, consolidation and interlobular septal thickening and overall specific for most findings. DWI could be a reputable imaging biomarker of inflammatory activity.
The influence of internalized heterosexism on life satisfaction: comparing sexual minority women in Belgium and Turkey
Authors: Ummak Esra , Toplu-Demirtaş Ezgi , Pope Amber L. , Moe Jeffry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo date, the majority of research studying lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health has been conducted in Westernized, predominantly individualistic countries. Building on minority stress theory and models of LGBTQ health, we explored how sexual orientation and nationality moderated the association between internalized heterosexism and life satisfaction for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women living in two countries (Turkey and Belgium) with contrasting social contexts. The results of two-way MANOVA, in a sample of 339 Turkish and 220 Belgian LB women, revealed main effects but no interaction effects. LB women in Belgium reported less internalized heterosexism and more life satisfaction than LB women in Turkey. The results of moderation analyses indicated no moderation effect, however internalized heterosexism and country emerged as the best predictors of life satisfaction. Findings were interpreted with a focus on how culture-specific aspects contribute to life satisfaction among LB women. Our findings suggest mental health professionals working with LB women need to tailor therapeutic interventions to reflect the social context connected to their patients’ nationality, in order to effectively address internalized heterosexism, improve life satisfaction, and promote self- and social advocacy. Cultural values, such as adherence to collectivistic or individualistic norms, should be included as variables in future research examining determinants of LGBTQ health.
A Differential Perspective on Gradient Flows on $$\textsf {CAT} (\kappa )$$-Spaces and Applications
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Nobili Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe review the theory of Gradient Flows in the framework of convex and lower semicontinuous functionals on$$\textsf {CAT} (\kappa )$$CAT(κ)-spaces and prove that they can be characterized by the same differential inclusion$$y_t'\in -\partial ^-\textsf {E} (y_t)$$yt′∈-∂-E(yt)one uses in the smooth setting and more precisely that$$y_t'$$yt′selects the element of minimal norm in$$-\partial ^-\textsf {E} (y_t)$$-∂-E(yt). This generalizes previous results in this direction where the energy was also assumed to be Lipschitz. We then apply such result to the Korevaar–Schoen energy functional on the space of$$L^2$$L2and (0) valued maps: we define the Laplacian of such$$L^2$$L2map as the element of minimal norm in$$-\partial ^-\textsf {E} (u)$$-∂-E(u), provided it is not empty. The theory of gradient flows ensures that the set of maps admitting a Laplacian is$$L^2$$L2-dense. Basic properties of this Laplacian are then studied.
Microsurgical techniques in the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review of efficacy and patient outcomes
Authors: Gasteratos Konstantinos , Morsi-Yeroyannis Antonios , Vlachopoulos Nikolaos Ch. , Spyropoulou Georgia-Alexandra , Del Corral Gabriel , Chaiyasate Kongkrit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSecondary lymphedema is the abnormal collection of lymphatic fluid within subcutaneous structures. Patients with lymphedema suffer a low quality of life. In our study, we aim to provide a systematic review of the current data on patient outcomes regarding breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), and the most prevalent reconstructive techniques.MethodsA PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus literature search was performed in September 2020. Studies were screened based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and it was reported in line with the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).ResultsThe search yielded 254 papers from 2010 to 2020. 67 were included in our study. Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA)—a minimally invasive procedure diverting the lymph into the dermal venous drainage system—combined with postoperative bandaging and compression garments yields superior results with minimal donor site lymphedema morbidity. Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT)—another microsurgical technique, often combined with autologous free flap breast reconstruction—improves lymphedema and brachial plexus neuropathies, and reduces the risk of cellulitis. The combination of LVA and VLNT or with other methods maximizes their effectiveness. Vascularized lymph vessel transfer (VLVT) consists of harvesting certain lymph vessels, sparing the donor site’s lymph nodes.ConclusionTogether with integrated lymphedema therapy, proper staging, and appropriate selection of procedure, safe and efficient surgical techniques can be beneficial to many patients with BCRL.
Die strategische Autonomie Europas – eine Institution im Wandel
Authors: Hoffmann C. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Essay skizziert die Entstehung und Bedeutung des europäischen Anspruchs auf mehr Autonomie. Auf die Parameter Hard- und Soft Power beschränkt, soll anhand von Länderbeispielen herausgearbeitet werden, ob die EU ihren neuen Anspruch bereits geltend machen konnte. Zudem betrachtet der Beitrag die transatlantischen Beziehungen und China, letzteres als ideologischer Gegenspieler der EU, da diese Beziehungen einen direkten Einfluss auf die strategische Ausrichtung der EU nehmen. Abschließend werden die materiellen und politischen Ressourcen herausgearbeitet, durch die die EU an Autonomie gewinnen könnte.
Use of Inoculum, Water and Percolate as Strategy to Avoid Inhibition on Dry-Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Rocamora Ildefonso , Wagland Stuart T. , Villa Raffaella , Simpson Edmon W. , Fernández Oliver , Bajón-Fernández Yadira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of inoculum to substrate ratio (I:S) and the addition of water and percolate on stopping inhibition in dry batch anaerobic digestion of organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was investigated. In particular, ratios of I:S from 1:2 to 1:16 and total solid contents from 40 to 25% with water and percolate addition were analysed. Tested I:S did not avoid acidification of the anaerobic digesters (ADs), and the highest biogas and methane production (16.2 and 1.7 L/kg VSadded, respectively) was achieved with the 1:4 ratio. Water addition was also insufficient to avoid acidification, and while biogas increased as TS decreased, 40.9 L/kg VSadded for 25% TS, methane yield remained low at 1.2 L/kg VSadded due to the inhibition of methanogenic archaea. Percolate addition proved a suitable strategy to increase pH buffering, with an increased methane production of 199.4 L/kg VSadded at similar TS ranges (27%). Impact on kinetics of methane formation was assessed by kinetic modelling with logistic model identified as the better fit for most of the ADs. Shorter lag phases were observed as TS were reduced, regardless of the acidification, as mass transfer limitations were reduced at the beginning of the batch, but an increase was observed when percolate was used instead of water. Increases of the maximum methane rate (Rmax) was also achieved with TS reduction, but only when acidification was avoided. This study has highlighted the need to profile percolate composition during batch digestion in order to balance recirculation of nutrients, microbial communities and toxic compounds.
Graphic Abstract
Engineering and Manufacturing Technology of Green Epoxy Resin Coatings Modified with Recycled Fine Aggregates
Authors: Krzywiński Kamil , Sadowski Łukasz , Stefaniuk Damian , Obrosov Aleksei , Weiß Sabine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, the recycled fine aggregate sourced from construction and demolition waste is not frequently used in manufacturing of epoxy resin coatings. Therefore, the main novelty of the article is to prepare green epoxy resin coatings modified with recycled fine aggregate in a replacement ratio of natural fine aggregate ranged from 20 to 100%. The microstructural properties of the aggregates and epoxy resin were analyzed using micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The macroscopic mechanical properties were examined using pull-off strength tests. The highest improvement of the mechanical properties was observed for epoxy resin coatings modified with 20% of natural fine aggregate and 80% of recycled fine aggregate. It has been found that even 100% of natural fine aggregate can be successfully replaced using the recycled fine aggregate with consequent improvement of the pull-off strength of analyzed epoxy resin coatings. In order to confirm the assumptions resulting from the conducted research, an original analytical and numerical failure model proved the superior behavior of modified coating was developed.
Edge Models with the CAD Software: Creating a New Context for Mathematics in Elementary School
Authors: Pielsticker Felicitas , Witzke Ingo , Vogler Amelie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDigital media have become increasingly important in recent years and can offer new possibilities for mathematics education in elementary schools. From our point of view, geometry and geometric objects seem to be suitable for the use of computer-aided design software in mathematics classes. Based on the example of Tinkercad, the use of CAD software — a new and challenging context in elementary schools — is discussed within the approach of domains of subjective experience and the Toulmin model. An empirical study examined the influence of Tinkercad on fourth-graders’ development of a model of a geometric solid and related reasoning processes in mathematics classes.
Lesen von Kindern mit Deutsch als Erst- und Zweitsprache – Wortschatz als limitierender Faktor
Authors: Röthlisberger Martina , Schneider Hansjakob , Juska-Bacher Britta 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder mit Deutsch als Zweitsprache zeigen im Vergleich zu monolingualen, deutschsprachigen Kindern eklatante Defizite beim Lesen, so auch in der vorliegenden Studie. Untersucht wurde die Rolle verschiedener Wortschatzaspekte an Zweitklässlern mit Deutsch als Erst- (N = 351) und als Zweitsprache (N = 54). Der Effekt des Faktors Wortschatz auf das Lesen erwies sich insgesamt als signifikant. Wenn der Wortschatz kontrolliert wurde, zeigte sich beim Lesen kein Leistungsgefälle mehr zwischen den Gruppen. Die auffällige Rolle des relationalen Wortwissens für den Leseerfolg legt nahe, dass diesem Aspekt mehr Aufmerksamkeit in Forschung und Unterricht geschenkt werden sollte.
A Framework for Extension Studies Using Real-World Data to Examine Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness
Authors: Burcu Mehmet , Manzano-Salgado Cyntia B. , Butler Anne M. , Christian Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the long-term benefits and risks of treatments, devices, and vaccines is critically important for individual- and population-level healthcare decision-making. Extension studies, or ‘roll-over studies,’ are studies that allow for patients participating in a parent clinical trial to ‘roll-over’ into a subsequent related study to continue to observe and measure long-term safety, tolerability, and/or effectiveness. These designs are not new and are often used as an approach to satisfy regulatory post-approval safety requirements. However, designs using traditional clinical trial infrastructure can be expensive and burdensome to conduct, particularly, when following patients for many years post trial completion. Given the increasing availability and access of real-world data (RWD) sources, direct-to-patient technologies, and novel real-world study designs, there are more cost-efficient approaches to conducting extension studies while assessing important long-term outcomes. Here, we describe various fit-for-purpose design options for extension studies, discuss related methodological considerations, and provide scientific and operational guidance on practices when planning to conduct an extension study using RWD. This manuscript is endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE).
Impact of a structured interview on beta-lactam reaction documentation quality
Authors: Nguyen Cynthia T. , Knoebel Randall W. , Pisano Jennifer , Pursell Kenneth , Pettit Natasha N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Incomplete documentation of β-lactam reactions often leads to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a structured interview on the quality of β-lactam reaction documentation. After 203 interviews, documentation of the core components of a β-lactam reaction improved (48% vs 1%; P < .001).
Strategic Team Science: Scaffolded training for research self-efficacy, interdisciplinarity, diversity, equity, and inclusive excellence in biomedical research
Authors: Levites Strekalova Yulia A. , Qin Yufan , McCormack Wayne T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research collaboration is an essential research skill that promotes diversity and inclusion in research and requires comprehensive curriculum and instructional methods to provide early-stage trainees with low-risk, scaffolded experiences of collaborative research practice. Strategic Team Science is an instructional method that introduces biomedical science trainees to an inclusive way of thinking, capitalizes on the diversity of individual capabilities, and provides scaffolded experience of cross-disciplinary collaboration. Pilot results show that guided dialogues around Strategic Team Science increase research self-efficacy and interdisciplinary research orientation. Scaffolded collaboration dialogues allow students from diverse disciplines to engage actively and share ideas equitably.
Guidance for biostatisticians on their essential contributions to clinical and translational research protocol review
Authors: Ciolino Jody D. , Spino Cathie , Ambrosius Walter T. , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Cayetano Shari Messinger , Lapidus Jodi A. , Nietert Paul J , Oster Robert A. , Perkins Susan M. , Pollock Brad H. , Pomann Gina-Maria , Price Lori Lyn , Rice Todd W. , Tosteson Tor D. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Spratt Heidi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rigorous scientific review of research protocols is critical to making funding decisions, and to the protection of both human and non-human research participants. Given the increasing complexity of research designs and data analysis methods, quantitative experts, such as biostatisticians, play an essential role in evaluating the rigor and reproducibility of proposed methods. However, there is a common misconception that a statistician’s input is relevant only to sample size/power and statistical analysis sections of a protocol. The comprehensive nature of a biostatistical review coupled with limited guidance on key components of protocol review motived this work. Members of the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Special Interest Group of the Association for Clinical and Translational Science used a consensus approach to identify the elements of research protocols that a biostatistician should consider in a review, and provide specific guidance on how each element should be reviewed. We present the resulting review framework as an educational tool and guideline for biostatisticians navigating review boards and panels. We briefly describe the approach to developing the framework, and we provide a comprehensive checklist and guidance on review of each protocol element. We posit that the biostatistical reviewer, through their breadth of engagement across multiple disciplines and experience with a range of research designs, can and should contribute significantly beyond review of the statistical analysis plan and sample size justification. Through careful scientific review, we hope to prevent excess resource expenditure and risk to humans and animals on poorly planned studies.