bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of teledentistry training in orthodontic practice: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study
Authors: Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit , Ngamdachakij Charn , Wongwatjana Boonsita , Jongpatranichpunth Wichayaporn , Sipiyaruk Kawin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Teledentistry has been increasingly used in orthodontic practice. Comprehensive and appropriate trainings should be required to enhance the effective use of teledentistry. However, there is still a lack of adequate teledentistry training in postgraduate orthodontic programs. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding the necessity of teledentistry and to formulate a conceptual framework highlighting the implementation of teledentistry training in orthodontic education.

Methods
This research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The research participants included orthodontic instructors, practitioners, and residents from the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire to provide initial overview of this topic. They were then purposively selected and recruited for a semi-structured interview, allowing the exploration of in-depth information.

Results
Participants expressed positive perceptions toward the use of teledentistry in orthodontic practice. The conceptual framework derived from this study highlighted awareness of both advantages and concerns of teledentistry among participants, leading to the necessity of training in orthodontic education. The findings also provided in-depth information regarding expected learning outcomes, a combination of training delivery and assessment strategies to adequately prepare learners for the use of teledentistry in orthodontic practice.

Conclusion
This study supports the implementation of teledentistry into orthodontic practice, with participants recognizing both its benefits and concerns. Emphasizing the significance of incorporating teledentistry preparation into orthodontic curricula, it is essential to outline expected learning outcomes, delivery methods, and assessment strategies for effective training.
Approaches and outcomes of adalimumab discontinuation in patients with well-controlled inflammatory arthritis: a systematic search and review
Authors: Balay-Dustrude Erin , Fennell Jessica , Baszis Kevin , Goh Y. Ingrid , Horton Daniel B. , Lee Tzielan , Rotman Chloe , Sutton Anna , Twilt Marinka , Halyabar Olha ,   for the CARRA JIA Inactive Disease Workgroup
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
This systematic search and review aimed to evaluate the available literature on discontinuation of adalimumab and other tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for patients with well-controlled chronic inflammatory arthritides.

Methods
We conducted a publication search on adalimumab discontinuation from 2000–2023 using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Included studies evaluated adalimumab discontinuation approaches, tapering schemes, and outcomes including successful discontinuation and recapture after flare, in patients with well-controlled disease. Studies included evaluated rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Results
Forty-nine studies were included. Studies evaluating adalimumab alone were limited, and many reported TNFi outcomes as a single entity. Studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (32, 8 RCTs) reported flare rates from 33–87%. Flares with medication tapering were slightly lower than with abrupt stop, and successful recapture was generally high (80–100%). Studies on spondyloarthropathy (12, 4 RCTs), focused on tapering, noting lower flare rates in tapering rather than abruptly stopping, and high recapture rates (~ 90%). Studies on JIA (5) were observational and demonstrated modestly lower flare rates with tapering (17–63%) versus abrupt stopping (28–82%). There was notable variability in study design, follow-up duration, specificity for TNFi results, and controlled pediatric studies.

Conclusion
The literature evaluating adalimumab and other TNFi discontinuation, flare rates, and recapture success within the inflammatory arthritis population demonstrated less flare when medications were tapered, over abrupt stop in the RA, spondyloarthropathy, and JIA populations. When medications were restarted after flare, recapture of well-controlled disease was generally high in RA and spondyloarthropathy, and generally favorable in JIA.
Multi-scale attention patching encoder network: a deployable model for continuous estimation of hand kinematics from surface electromyographic signals
Authors: Lin Chuang , Xiao Qiong , Zhao Penghui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Simultaneous and proportional control (SPC) based on surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals has emerged as a research hotspot in the field of human–machine interaction (HMI). However, the existing continuous motion estimation methods mostly have an average Pearson coefficient (CC) of less than 0.85, while high-precision methods suffer from the problem of long inference time (> 200 ms) and can only estimate SPC of less than 15 hand movements, which limits their applications in HMI. To overcome these problems, we propose a smooth Multi-scale Attention Patching Encoder Network (sMAPEN).

Methods
The sMAPEN consists of three modules, the Multi-scale Attention Fusion (MAF) module, the Patching Encoder (PE) module, and a smoothing layer. The MAF module adaptively captures the local spatiotemporal features at multiple scales, the PE module acquires the global spatiotemporal features of sEMG, and the smoothing layer further improves prediction stability.

Results
To evaluate the performance of the model, we conducted continuous estimation of 40 subjects performing over 40 different hand movements on the Ninapro DB2. The results show that the average Pearson correlation coefficient (CC), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and smoothness (SMOOTH) of the sMAPEN model are 0.9082, 0.0646°, 0.8163, and − 0.0017, respectively, which significantly outperforms that of the state-of-the-art methods in all metrics (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we tested the deployment performance of sMAPEN on the portable device, with a delay of only 97.93 ms.

Conclusions
Our model can predict up to 40 hand movements while achieving the highest predicting accuracy compared with other methods. Besides, the lightweight design strategy brings an improvement in inference speed, which enables the model to be deployed on wearable devices. All these promotions imply that sMAPEN holds great potential in HMI.
Risdiplam utilization, adherence, and associated health care costs for patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a United States retrospective claims database analysis
Authors: Patel Anish , Toro Walter , Yang Min , Song Wei , Desai Raj , Ye Mingchen , Tabatabaeepour Nadia , Dabbous Omar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disease associated with progressive loss of motor function. Risdiplam, a daily oral therapy, was approved in the United States for the treatment of SMA. Risdiplam’s effectiveness depends on patient adherence to the treatment regimen. This retrospective claims database analysis assessed real-world treatment adherence and persistence, and all-cause health care costs by adherence status, for patients with SMA receiving risdiplam. Outcomes were summarized by SMA types (1−4) and age groups (0–2, 3–5, 6–17, and ≥ 18 years).

Results
86 patients with ≥ 1 SMA diagnosis, risdiplam treatment, and ≥ 6 months of continuous enrollment after the index date (SMA diagnosis) were identified in the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database (01/01/2020−06/30/2022). One patient had SMA type 1 (a 1-year-old boy), 18 had type 2 (mean ± SD age: 7.9 ± 5.7 years; 61% female), 47 had type 3 (17.3 ± 10.2 years; 55% female), and 20 had type 4 (38.2 ± 11.6 years; 55% female). The mean proportion of days covered (PDC) with risdiplam was 0.89 overall, ranging from 0.88 for SMA type 4 to 0.97 for type 1. The majority (83.7%) of patients were adherent to risdiplam (PDC ≥0.80), ranging from 75.0% for type 4 to 100% for type 1. Adherence ranged from 76.5% among 6–12-year-olds to 100% among 0–2-year-olds. Compared with adherent patients, nonadherent patients had higher median total health care costs by $335,049 for type 2, $41,204 for type 3, and $12,223 for type 4. Among adherent patients, patients with PDC between 0.90 and 1.00 had lower costs compared with patients with PDC between 0.80 and 0.90.

Conclusions
Nonadherence to risdiplam was observed in the first year of treatment, especially for patients with SMA type 4 and patients aged 6–12 years. Nonadherence was associated with higher all-cause health care costs, with the most pronounced cost difference for SMA type 2. For adherent patients, those who were highly adherent incurred lower health care costs. These findings underscore the importance of treatment adherence and persistence for patients with SMA receiving risdiplam, particularly for younger children and those with greater disease severity.
vmrseq: probabilistic modeling of single-cell methylation heterogeneity
Authors: Shen Ning , Korthauer Keegan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle-cell DNA methylation measurements reveal genome-scale inter-cellular epigenetic heterogeneity, but extreme sparsity and noise challenges rigorous analysis. Previous methods to detect variably methylated regions (VMRs) have relied on predefined regions or sliding windows and report regions insensitive to heterogeneity level present in input. We present vmrseq, a statistical method that overcomes these challenges to detect VMRs with increased accuracy in synthetic benchmarks and improved feature selection in case studies. vmrseq also highlights context-dependent correlations between methylation and gene expression, supporting previous findings and facilitating novel hypotheses on epigenetic regulation. vmrseq is available at https://github.com/nshen7/vmrseq.
Disentangling the genetic overlap between ischemic stroke and obesity
Authors: Yang Ren , Zhang Tangfeng , Han Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, with observational studies suggesting a heightened incidence of stroke. However, the genetic epidemiology field has yet to reach a consensus on the causal relationship and genetic overlap between ischemic stroke (IS) and obesity.

Methods
We utilized linkage disequilibrium score regression, high-definition likelihood, and local analysis of variant associations to assess the genetic correlation between body mass index (BMI) and IS. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization was employed to infer causality. We identified shared risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through cross-trait meta-analyses and estimated heritability using summary statistics. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) was applied to explore potential functional genes.

Results
Our analysis revealed a significant positive genetic correlation between BMI and IS, supporting a causal link from BMI to IS. Cross-trait analysis yielded 9 and 16 shared risk SNPs for IS and small vessel stroke (SVS), respectively. We observed a notable enrichment of SNP heritability for IS and BMI in brain tissues, suggesting tissue-specific influences. The genes shared between the traits were predominantly involved in brain development, synaptic electrical activity, and immunoregulation. Notably, our SMR analysis identified the risk genes CHAF1A, CEP192, ULK4, CYP2D6, AS3MT, and WARS2 across the majority of the 14 enriched tissues shared by both traits.

Conclusion
Our study uncovered a significant genetic correlation and identified shared risk SNPs between BMI and IS. The identification of CHAF1A, CEP192, ULK4, CYP2D6, AS3MT, and WARS2 as potential functional genes common to both obesity and IS enriched our understanding of their genetic interplay, potentially advanced our grasp of their pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy
Authors: Bégin Philippe , Waserman Susan , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. , Jeimy Samira , Watson Wade 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFood allergy is defined as an adverse immunologic response to a food. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to foods are associated with a broad range of signs and symptoms that may involve any of the following body systems: the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and cardiovascular system. IgE-mediated food allergy is a leading cause of anaphylaxis. Therefore, timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment are imperative. A diagnosis of food allergy entails a careful history and diagnostic tests, which may include skin prick tests, serum-specific IgE, and oral food challenge. The goal of food allergy care is to empower patients and caregivers to manage the risk of food-allergic reactions, reduce food allergy-related anxiety, and achieve a sense of control over their condition. This can be achieved in different ways for different patients and across different life stages. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of IgE-mediated food allergy.
Biopsychosocial correlates of body satisfaction in 7- to 8-year old children: a cross-sectional and prospective investigation
Authors: Smith Danielle L. , Damiano Stephanie R. , McLean Siân A. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Biopsychosocial factors have been associated with body satisfaction/dissatisfaction and related body image concerns in adolescence; however, few studies have investigated these relationships in middle childhood, an important developmental phase for body satisfaction. This study investigated relationships between a range of biological (body mass index), psychological (child anxiety/depression, self-esteem, and self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism) and sociocultural (mother’s body dissatisfaction and comments about child’s appearance, father’s body dissatisfaction and comments about child’s appearance, peer teasing and child’s media exposure) factors and body satisfaction cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 7- and 8-year-old children.

Methods
In this study, participants from the longitudinal Children’s Body Image Development Study (in which children had been followed-up annually from 3 years old) were assessed by interview at 7 years old (Time 1; n = 293: girls = 167, boys = 126) and 8 years old (Time 2; n = 222; girls = 126, boys = 96) and their parents completed a questionnaire at each time point.

Results
Multiple regression analyses revealed that child self-esteem, socially prescribed perfectionism, and mother body dissatisfaction in the total sample at 7-years, as well as child self-esteem and mother body dissatisfaction in the total sample at 8-years were significant unique cross-sectional correlates of child body satisfaction. While self-esteem outcomes were replicated at both time points for boys and girls, some differences in patterns were found for other variables in the subsamples of boys versus girls across time points. Prospectively in partial correlations (controlling for Time 1 child body satisfaction), mother’s body dissatisfaction predicted later child body satisfaction in boys and child self-esteem predicted later body satisfaction in girls. However, no longitudinal biopsychosocial predictors were identified as contributing unique variance in child body satisfaction from 7- to 8-years old after accounting for Time 1 (7-yearold) child body satisfaction.

Conclusions
These findings point to important psychosocial factors that are consistently related to body satisfaction in children and could be targets for intervention, but also suggest that a number of biopsychosocial variables develop concurrently with body satisfaction.
Recent advances and current challenges in suture and sutureless scleral fixation techniques for intraocular lens: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sun Han , Wang Caixia , Wu Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the past two decades, both suture and sutureless techniques for scleral fixation of intraocular lenses have seen significant advancement, driven by improvements in methodologies and instrumentation. Despite numerous reports demonstrating the effectiveness, safety, and superiority of these techniques, each approach carries with it its own drawbacks, including an elevated risk of certain postoperative complications. This article delves into various surgical techniques for scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses, discussing their procedural nuances, benefits, drawbacks, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between suture and sutureless fixation methods is presented, elucidating their respective limitations and associated factors. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will offer clinicians guidance on how to individualize procedural selection and mitigate surgical risks, and thus achieve optimal visual outcomes. This review will also endeavor to provide guidance for future advancements in intraocular lens fixation techniques.
Association between bone mineral density and scoliosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study in european populations
Authors: Yang Fangjun , Wen Jiantao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that bone mineral density (BMD) has a certain impact on scoliosis. However, up to now, there is no clear evidence that there is a causal association between the two. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a causal association between BMD at different body positions and scoliosis by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
Genetic variants (SNPS) strongly associated with BMD (total body BMD (TB-BMD), lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD), femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD), heel BMD (HE-BMD), and forearm BMD (FA-BMD)) were extracted from GEFOS and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) databases SNPs) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). Scoliosis was also selected from the Finnish database as the outcome. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method, and multiple sensitivity analysis was performed by combining weighted median, MR-Egger, MR Multi-effect residuals and outliers.

Results
IVW results showed that TB-BMD (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.66–1.55 P = 0.13), LS-BMD (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.52–0.99, P = 0.04), FN-BMD (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.50–1.09, P = 0.13), FA-BMD (OR = 0.95,95%CI: 0.70–1.28, P = 0.75), HE-BMD (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.77–1.08, P = 0.29). Sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity (p > 0.05) (MR-PRESSO and Cochrane). The results were further validated by leave-one-out test and MR-Egger intercept, which confirmed the robustness of the study results.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the causal role of genetic prediction of scoliosis increases with decreasing lumbar BMD. There was no evidence that BMD at the remaining sites has a significant causal effect on scoliosis. Our results suggest that the lumbar spine BMD should be routinely measured in the population at high risk of scoliosis. If osteoporosis occurs, appropriate treatment should be given to reduce the incidence of scoliosis.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable
Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling
Authors: Zheng Si-Li , Wang Xue-Lian , Wang Pin , Chen Jin , Miao Chao-Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Blood glucose levels can fluctuate for many reasons. This study is to discuss conditions in assessing blood glucose in C57BL/6J mice, providing references to help increase the success of blood glucose testing in mouse experiments.

Methods
Animals were fed common chow or high-fat diet, without fasting or with a fasting duration of 6 h in the daytime or overnight before the test. During the test, animals were awake or under good anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital, interfered by a record of construction noise or not, in grouped cages or individual cages. Blood glucose measurements by glucose meters and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed.

Results
Both IP injection and noise independently raised blood glucose levels in conscious mice, while neither of these two interferences affected blood glucose levels in mice under good anesthesia. In an ITT, a fasting of 6 h in the daytime worked well, while an overnight fasting was at higher risk of hypoglycemia. During conscious ITT, animals housed in isolated cages were more likely to have smoothly decreased levels of blood glucose with a lower minimal value as compared to those in social cages. Blood glucose tested during different stages of blood sampling varied greatly, where values of blood collected by inferior vena cava puncture were significantly higher than those of tail-tip blood, and values of serum samples after immediate centrifugation of blood were the highest, followed by those of serum samples underwent a common clotting process of 2 h.

Conclusions
Interferences of IP injection and noise can be reduced by anesthesia. 6-h fasting in the daytime is suitable for mouse ITT. Single housing works better than group housing during serial measurements of blood glucose in conscious mice. Tail-tip blood rather than serum or blood from sampling processes with big surgery invasion is recommended for blood glucose testing.
Elucidation of intragenomic variation of ribosomal DNA sequences in the enigmatic fungal genus Ceraceosorus, including a newly described species Ceraceosorus americanus
Authors: Kijpornyongpan Teeratas , Noble Mary Claire , Piątek Marcin , Lutz Matthias , Aime M. Catherine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMulticopy nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes have been used as markers for fungal identification for three decades. The rDNA sequences in a genome are thought to be homogeneous due to concerted evolution. However, intragenomic variation of rDNA sequences has recently been observed in many fungi, which may make fungal identification and species abundance estimation based on these loci problematic. Ceraceosorus is an enigmatic genus in the smut lineage Ustilaginomycotina for which very limited distribution data exist. Our previous research demonstrated intragenomic variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region of two Ceraceosorus species. In this study, we described the fourth known species of Ceraceosorus, C. americanus, isolated from an asymptomatic rosemary leaf collected in Louisiana, USA. This is the first report of this genus in the Americas. We then selected all four known Ceraceosorus species, plus exemplar smut fungi representing all major lineages of subphylum Ustilaginomycotina, to examine sequence heterogeneity in three regions of the rDNA repeat (partial 18S, ITS, and partial 28S regions). Three methods were used: PCR-cloning-Sanger sequencing, targeted amplicon high-throughput sequencing, and whole-genome shotgun high-throughput sequencing. Our results show that Ceraceosorus is the only sampled fungal genus in Ustilaginomycotina with significant intragenomic variation at the ITS, with up to 25 nucleotide variant sites in the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region and 2.6% divergence among analyzed ITS haplotypes. We found many conflicting patterns across the three detection methods, with up to 27 conflicting variant sites recorded from a single individual. At least 40% of the conflicting patterns are possibly due to PCR-cloning-sequencing errors, as the corresponding variant sites were not observed in the other detection methods. Based on our data and the literature, we evaluated the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each detection method. Finally, a model for how intragenomic variation in the rDNA copies within a genome may arise is presented.