bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effect of Removing Bandage Contact Lens on the Days 3 and 5 Following Photorefractive&nbsp;&nbsp;Keratectomy
Authors: Daryabari Seyed-Hashem , Jadidi Khosrow , Mosavi Seyed Aliasghar , Naderi Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
AIM: To compare the outcomes of removing bandage contact lens (BCL) on days 3and 5 after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Methods: One hundred patients underwent PRK (totally 200 eyes) were enrolled in the present study. The subjects were assigned to two groups. BCL removal was performed in group 1 on the day 3 after PRK from the right eye, but the removal in the group 2 was performed 5 days after the surgery from the left eye. Then, data obtained from both groups were compared. To evaluate complications, the subjects underwent slit-lamp examination in all visits.Results: Filamentary keratitis (FK) was observed in one eye in both groups. The frequency of haze was higherin group 1; however, it was not significant between two group. Using mixed model analysis, significant differences were observed in the rate of complications as well as pain and eye discomfort scores between the groups (P <0.05). No major complication was reported.Conclusion: Majority of post PRK corneal epithelial defect is healed on day 3. However, keeping BCL for 5 days postoperatively, instead of the three days produces slightly lower rate of total complication.
Modeling and Analysis of the Material Removal Rate for Ultrasonic Vibration-assisted Polishing of Optical Glass BK7
Authors: Liang Yingdong , Zhang Chao , Chen Xin , Zhang Tianqi , Yu Tianbiao , Zhao Ji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence of ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing technology has effectively improved the machining accuracy and efficiency of hard and brittle materials in modern optical industry, however, the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing (UVAP) still needs to be further revealed. This paper focuses on the material removal mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing of optical glass (BK7), the application of ultrasonic vibration to axial vibration and the atomization of polishing slurry, the material removal model was established. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the nominal distance d of the polishing pad and the actual contact area distribution, the prediction of the material removal profile is realized. In addition, the effects of different parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) were analyzed, including polishing force, spindle speed, abrasive particle size, ultrasonic amplitude, feed rate, and flow-rate of polishing slurry. Based on the motion equation of abrasive particles, the trajectory of abrasive particles in the polishing slurry was simulated, and the simulation results show that the introduction of the ultrasonic vibration field changes the motion state and trajectory of embedded and free abrasive particles. The new model can not only qualitatively analyze the influence of different process parameters on MRR, but also predict the material removal depth and MRR, providing a possibility for deterministic material removal and a theoretical basis for subsequent polishing of complex curved surfaces of optical glass.
Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers of Photoreceptor Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Gong Yuting , Xia Honghe , zhang anlin , Chen LiJia , Chen Haoyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Several parameters on optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been suggested as biomarkers for photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study is to investigate which OCT parameters can serve as the earliest biomarkers in RP.Methods: OCT line scans of the horizontal meridian were conducted in 22 eyes of 22 RP patients and 30 eyes of 30 healthy controls. Longitudinal reflectance profiles were obtained using ImageJ at every 5 pixels. The following parameters on OCT were quantitatively measured: 1) relative optical intensity (ROI) of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ); 2) thickness of outer nuclear layer (ONLT), photoreceptor (PRT), inner segment (IST) and outer segment (OST). The variations of these parameters across different regions were analyzed. Results: From fovea to peripheral retina, all the OCT biomarkers declined before disappeared, except IST and IZ-ROI. There was no identifiable declining zone for the IST and IZ-ROI between the normal and disappeared zones. The earliest biomarker was the shortening of OST and reduced IZ-ROI, followed by the shortening of PRT, EZ-ROI, then IST, and finally, ONLT. All these biomarkers had significant correlations with best-corrected visual acuity, except ONLT.Conclusion: In retinitis pigmentosa, EZ-ROI, IZ-ROI, PRT, OST, IST and ONLT are valuable biomarkers of photoreceptor degeneration. OST and IZ-ROI may serve as the earliest biomarkers.
Information interactions between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during performance of a spatial working memory task
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guo Lei , Liu Dongzhao , Xu Guizhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spatial working memory (SWM) refers to a short-term system for temporary manipulation of spatial information and requires the cooperation of multiple brain regions. Despite evidence that hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are involved in SWM, how PFC and HPC coordinate the neural information during SWM remains puzzling. In this study, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded simultaneously from rat ventral HPC and medial PFC during SWM tasks. Then cross-frequency coupling algorithm was used as functional connectivity for construction of undirected networks; Grange causality algorithm was used as effective connectivity for construction of directed networks. Finally, information interactions across two brain regions were analyzed based on undirected and directed networks. Experimental results show that LFPs power in PFC and HPC both decreased over learning days and peaked before the reference point during SWM, moreover, LFPs mainly distributed in theta and gamma. From the undirected aspect, undirected PFC subnetwork and HPC subnetwork have the same effect on information transmission for SWM; the PAC between PFC-gamma and HPC-theta in undirected PFC-HPC network is related to SWM formation and contributes to information interactions between PFC and HPC. From the directed aspect, the effect of information transmission in directed HPC subnetwork is greater than PFC subnetwork; the enhancement of coordination between directed PFC and HPC subnetworks contributes to correct execution of SWM tasks; directed HPC→PFC network plays a predominant role in information interaction; with the increasing of learning days, PFC and HPC tend to be the causal sink and causal source of information flow.
Synergistic action of Viteselen with anti-Fasciola drug as a tool for improving fertility and hemato-biochemical biomarkers &nbsp;in Fasciola infected Sheep&nbsp;
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Ghada H. , Abdel-Radi Shimaa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fascioliasis causes public health problems and economic losses all over the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic action between Viteselen (anti-oxidant) and specific anti-Fasciola drug (Triclalbendazole (TCBZ) for improvement body condition of F. gigantica naturally infected sheep with reference to some hematological and biochemical biomarkers in their sera. Animals were divided into five equal groups include G-1 as control non-infected animals, G-2 to G-5 are Fasciola naturally infected animals. G-2 is non-treated group, animals in G-3 were treated with TCBZ, animals in G-4 were injected by Viteselen and those in G-5 were treated by both TCBZ and Viteselen. The results revealed significant decrease in mean eggs in feces and F. gigantica circulating antigens (FCAg) in sera of TCBZ treated sheep after the 1st week post treatment. Complete disappearance of eggs from feces of drug treated groups was recorded at 21st d.p.t. While the value of FCAg decreased to negative at 14th d.p.t. The highest significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the estimated hematological parameters (RBCs, Hb and TLC), liver enzymes (AST and ALT), oxidative stress and antioxidant markers (TAC, MDA, SOD and GSH) and reproductive hormones (Progesterone and Estradiol) was recorded in animals in G-5 followed by G-3. While non-significant improvement was recorded in animals in G-4 in comparison with those in the control group. This improvement increased with increasing the time post treatment. For conclusion; using of Viteselen in association with specific anti-parasitic drug improved the general health parameters and reproductive performance of the investigated sheep.
Protective Reactions of Seedlings Against Systemic and Local Zearalenone Application to Tolerant and Sensitive Wheat Varieties – Epr Studies&nbsp;
Authors: Sieprawska Apolonia , Łabanowska Maria , Kurdziel Magdalena , Filek Maria , Skórka Magdalena , Barbasz Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDAmong the environmental stressors, which oxidative action is currently widely studied, are mycotoxins. The aim of presented studies was to investigate the response of leaves of seedlings to zearalenone (ZEN) applied directly to leaves and to grains (indirectly) of tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars.RESULTS Biochemical analyses of antioxidative activity were performed for chloroplasts and showed the similar decrease of this activity independently of plant sensitivity and the way of ZEN application. On the other hand, higher amounts of superoxide radicals (microscopic observation) were formed in leaves of plants grown from grains incubated in solution of ZEN and in sensitive variety. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that upon ZEN treatment larger amount of Mn - aqua complexes was formed in leaves of tolerant wheat cultivar than in those of sensitive one whereas the degradation of Fe-protein complexes occurred independently of the sensitivity of plant varieties. CONCLUSIONThe changes in the quantity of organic stable radicals, which were formed by stabilizing reactive oxygen species on biochemical macromolecules, pointed to the higher ability to their generation in leaf tissues subjected to foliar ZEN treatment indicating the important role of these radical species in protective mechanism mainly against direct toxin action. The way of activation the defense mechanisms depended on the method of applications toxin.
Socioeconomic inequalities in lifestyle risk factors across low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Dieteren Charlotte , Bonfrer Igna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The heavy and ever rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) warrants interventions to reduce their underlying risk factors, which are often linked to lifestyles. To effectively supplement nationwide policies with targeted interventions, it is important to know how these risk factors are distributed across socioeconomic segments of populations in LMICs. This study quantifies the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in lifestyle risk factors in LMICs, to identify policy priorities conducive to the Sustainable Development Goal of a one third reduction in deaths from NCDs by 2030.
Methods

Data from 1,278,624 adult respondents to Demographic & Health Surveys across 22 LMICs between 2013 and 2018 are used to estimate crude prevalence rates and socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco use, overweight, harmful alcohol use and the clustering of these three in a household. Inequalities are measured by a concentration index and correlated with the percentage of GDP spent on health. We estimate a multilevel model to examine associations of individual characteristics with the different lifestyle risk factors.
Results

The prevalence of tobacco use among men ranges from 59.6% (Armenia) to 6.6% (Nigeria). The highest level of overweight among women is 83.7% (Egypt) while this is less than 12% in Burundi, Chad and Timor-Leste. 82.5% of women in Burundi report that their partner is “often or sometimes drunk” compared to 1.3% in Gambia. Tobacco use is concentrated among the poor, except for the low share of men smoking in Nigeria. Overweight, however, is concentrated among the better off, especially in Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Erreygers Index (EI) 0.227 and 0.232). Harmful alcohol use is more concentrated among the better off in Nigeria (EI 0.127), while Chad, Rwanda and Togo show an unequal pro-poor distribution (EI respectively − 0.147, -0.210, -0.266). Cambodia exhibits the largest socioeconomic inequality in unhealthy household behaviour (EI -0.253). The multilevel analyses confirm that in LMICs, tobacco and alcohol use are largely concentrated among the poor, while overweight is concentrated among the better-off. The associations between the share of GDP spent on health and the socioeconomical distribution of lifestyle factors are multidirectional.
Conclusions

This study emphasizes the importance of lifestyle risk factors in LMICs and the socioeconomic variation therein. Given the different socioeconomic patterns in lifestyle risk factors - overweight patters in LMICs differ considerably from those in high income countries- tailored interventions towards specific high-risk populations are warranted to supplement nationwide policies.
Genetic Optimization for Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks in Interweave Mode
Authors: D sumithra sofia , Edward.A Shirly 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dynamic spectrum sharing among the wireless users is growing demand to increase the spectrum usage. In this paper,, based upon a pricing strategy to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional mechanisms. The proposed mechanism enhances the spectral efficiency of the cognitive users and also motivates the primary users to lease the bands to the cognitive users, with increased primary user revenue. Fairness among cognitive users is also ensured in this mechanism.. Simulation results show that our mechanism increases the spectral efficiency of cognitive users and the revenue of primary users.
Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract Regulates Redox Status In Patients Receiving Hemodialysis With Anemia
Authors: Milosavljevic Isidora , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Petrovic Dejan , Draginic Nevena , Jeremic Jovana , Mitrovic Miroslav , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejo Ivan , Stojic Vladislava , Bolevich Sergey , Andjelkovic Nebojsa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of one-month consumption of polyphenol-rich standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE) on redox status in anemic hemodialysis patients. The study included 30 patients (Hb < 110g/l, hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration > 3 months; > 3 times week). Patients were treated with commercially available SAE in a dose of 30 ml/day, for 30 days. After finishing the treatment blood samples were taken in order to evaluate the effects of SAE on redox status. Several parameters of anemia and inflammation were also followed. After the completion of the treatment, the levels of superoxide anion radical and nitrites significantly dropped, while the antioxidant capacity improved via elevation of catalase and reduced glutathione. Proven antioxidant effect was followed by beneficial effects on anemia parameters (increased hemoglobin and haptoglobin concentration, decreased ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase concentration), but SAE consumption didn`t improve inflammatory status, except for minor decrease in C-reactive protein. The consumption of SAE regulates redox status (reduce the productions of pro-oxidative molecules and increase antioxidant defense) and has beneficial effects on anemia parameters. SAE could be considered as supportive therapy in patients receiving hemodialysis which are prone to oxidative stress caused by both chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis procedure. Additionally, it could potentially be a good choice for supplementation of anemic hemodialysis patients. TRN: NCT04208451 December 23, 2019 “retrospectively registered”
Researching, characterising, co-creating and testing innovations in Paper Health Information Systems (PHISICC) to support frontline health workers decision-making: protocol of a multi-country, transdisciplinary, mixed-methods research programme in three Sub-Saharan countries
Authors: Bosch-Capblanch Xavier , O'Donnell David , Krause L Kendall , Auer Christian , Oyo-Ita Angela , Samba Mamadou , Matsinhe Graça , Garba Abdullahi Bulama , Rodríguez Damaris , Zuske Meike , Njepuome Anthonia Ngozi , Lee Sofia Micael Mandjate , Ross Amanda , Gajewski Suzanne , Muloliwa Artur Manuel , Yapi Richard B , Brown David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth Information Systems (HIS) are crucial to provide data for decision-making and data demands are constantly growing. However, the link between data and decisions is not always rational nor linear and the management of data ends up overloading frontline health workers, who may have to compromise the health care. Despite limited evidence, there is an increasing push for HIS digitalisation, which faces enormous challenges, particularly in remote, rural settings in low- and middle-income countries. Paper-based tools will continue to be used and this warrants efforts to make them more responsive to local needs. Paper Health Information Systems (PHISICC) is a transdisciplinary, multi-country research initiative to create and test innovative paper-based HIS in three Sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsThe PHISICC initiative is taking place in remote, rural settings, in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria, through partnership with Ministries of Health and research institutions. We began with research syntheses to acquire the most up to date knowledge on HIS. These were coupled with field work in the three countries to understand the current design, patterns and contexts of use, and health care worker perspectives. Frontline health workers, with designers and researchers, used co-creation methods to produce the new PHISICC tools. This suite of tools is being tested in the three countries. Throughout the project we have engaged with a wide range of stakeholders and have kept the highest scientific standards to keep it relevant to health policy in each of the three countries.DiscussionWe have deployed a comprehensive research approach to ensure the robustness and future policy uptake of the finding. Beyond the resulting paper-based tool design innovations, our process itself was innovative. Rather than emphasizing the data management compliance aspects we focused instead on frontline health workers’ decision-making; by tackling the whole scope of health care areas in PHC rather than incremental improvement to existing tools, we developed an entirely new design approach and language for a suite of tools in Primary Health Care. The initiative is being tested in remote, rural areas where the most vulnerable live.
QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia-resistance in the wild cabbage species Brassica oleracea var. villosa
Authors: Bergmann Thomas , Menkhaus Jan , Schemmel Markus , Ye Wanzhi , Hasler Mario , Rietz Steffen , Leckband Gunhild , Cai Daguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil-producing crops worldwide. The narrow gene pool of oilseed rape hampers its resistance breeding. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases in many oilseed rape growing regions, worldwide. So far, no effective genetic source of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus germplasm is available, and yet knowledge of molecular plant-fungal interactions is limited. To identify new resistance source against SSR, we generated a segregating F2 population for Sclerotinia resistance with 510 individuals from an interspecific cross between the resistant B. villosa (BRA1896) and a wild susceptible B. oleracea (BRA1909). Genetic mapping using a 15k Illumina Infinium SNP-array resulted in a high-density genetic map that contains 1,118 markers and spans a total genetic length of 792.2 cM. QTL-analysis identified 7 QTLs for Sclerotinia-resistance and 5 QTLs for trichome-phenotype, which explain up to 16.85 % and 34.45 % of corresponding phenotypic variance, respectively. Although a partial co-localization of major QTLs for trichome-phenotype and Sclerotinia-resistance was given, no functional association between these two traits could be validated. In addition, comparative RNAseq analysis suggests that activation of JA- and ethylene-mediated responses plays a central role in the Sclerotinia-resistance, associated with a stronger plant immune response, depressed cell death and elevated phytoalexin biosynthesis in B. villosa. Our data demonstrate that the wild Brassica oleracea complex represents a novel and unique genetic source of Sclerotinia resistance for breeding resistant oilseed rape against SSR.
Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV
Authors: Alrubayyi Aljawharah , Gea-Mallorquí Ester , Touizer Emma , Hameiri-Bowen Dan , Kopycinski Jakub , Charlton Bethany , Fisher-Pearson Natasha , Muir Luke , Rosa Annachiara , Roustan Chloë , Earl Christopher , Cherepanov Peter , Pellegrino Pierre , Waters Laura , Burns Fiona , Kinloch Sabine , Dong Tao , Dorrell Lucy , Rowland-Jones Sarah , McCoy Laura , Peppa Dimitra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the nature of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, to inform risk-mitigation strategies for people living with HIV (PLWH). We show that the majority of PLWH, controlled on ART, mount a functional adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Humoral and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are comparable between HIV-positive and negative subjects and persist 5-7 months following predominately mild COVID-19 disease. T cell responses against Spike, Membrane and Nucleocapsid are the most prominent, with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells outnumbering CD8 T cells. We further show that the overall magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses relates to the size of the naive CD4 T cell pool and the CD4:CD8 ratio in PLWH, in whom disparate antibody and T cell responses are observed. These findings suggest that inadequate immune reconstitution on ART, could hinder immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 with implications for the individual management and vaccine effectiveness in PLWH.
Construction and directional evolution of anti-enrofloxacin ScFv antibody for the immunoassay of fluoroquinolones
Authors: Xing Guangxu , Zhang Yunshang , Wang Fangyu , Wen Liuding , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recombinant anti-enrofloxacin single-chain antibody (scFv) was produced for the detection of enrofloxacin. An immunized mouse phage display scFv library with a capacity of 2.35×109 CFU/mL was constructed and used for anti-enrofloxacin scFv screening. After four rounds of bio-panning, 10 positives were isolated and identified successfully. The highest positive scFv was expressed in E. coli BL21. Then, its recognition mechanisms were studied using the molecular docking method. The result showed the amino acid residues Leu121 were the key residues for the binding of ScFv to ENR. Based on the results of virtual mutation, the ScFv antibody was evolved by directional mutagenesis of contact amino acid residue Leu121 to Asn. After the expression and purification, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) based on the parental and mutant ScFv were established for enrofloxacin respectively. The IC50 value of the assay established with the ScFv mutant was 1.63 ng/mL, while the parental ScFv was 21.08 ng/mL, this result showed highly increased affinity with up to 12.9-folds improved sensitivity. The mean recovery for ENR ranged from 71.80% to 117.35% with 10.46% relative standard deviation between the intra-assay and the inter-assay. The results indicate that we have obtained a highly sensitive anti-ENR scFv by the phage library construction and directional evolution, and the scFv-based IC-ELISA is suitable for the detection of ENR residue in animal derived edible tissues and milk.