bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving reliable pain change scores for individuals in the postoperative phase: carefully choose sampling density, test length, and administration mode
Authors: Obbarius Alexander , Schneider Stefan , Junghaenel Doerte U. , Stone Arthur A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts to increase the reliability of pain measures and other self-report instruments, improving or even evaluating the reliability of change scores has been largely neglected. In this study, we investigate the ability of 2 instruments from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, pain interference (6 items) and pain behavior (7 items), to reliably detect individual changes in pain during the postsurgical period of a hernia repair in 98 patients who answered daily diaries over almost 3 weeks after surgery. To identify the most efficient strategy for obtaining sufficiently reliable estimates of change (reliability >0.9), the number of measurement occasions over the study period (sampling density), the number of items (test length), and the mode of administration (ie, static short form vs Computer adaptive testing) were manipulated in post-hoc simulations. Reliabilities for different strategies were estimated by comparing the observed change with the best approximation of “real” (ie, latent) change. We found (1) that near perfect reliability can be achieved if measures from all days over the whole study period, obtained with all pain interference or pain behavior items, were used to estimate the observed change, (2) that various combinations of the number of items and the number of measurement occasions could achieve acceptable reliability, and (3) that computer adaptive testings were superior to short forms in achieving sufficient reliability. We conclude that the specific strategy for assessing individual postoperative change in pain experience must be selected carefully.
Postoperative Rehabilitation of Multiligament Knee Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keeling Laura E. , Powell Sarah N. , Purvis Evan , Willauer Thomas J. , Postma William F. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Multiligamentous knee injuries (MLKIs) are rare, and heterogeneous in presentation and treatment options. Consequently, optimal postoperative rehabilitation of MLKI remains unclear.

Objective:
To summarize the latest evidence for postoperative rehabilitation protocols following multiligamentous knee reconstruction (MLKR).

Patients and Methods:
A multidatabase search was conducted with the aid of a health sciences librarian. Blinded reviewers conducted multiple screenings of studies evaluating postoperative rehabilitation protocols following MLKR. All included studies were then graded based on level of evidence, and data concerning patient demographics and rehabilitation protocols were extracted.

Results:
MLKR rehabilitation protocols differ widely in terms of weightbearing, bracing, initiation, and types of physical therapy, yet several established protocols were referenced frequently throughout the literature. Such protocols resulted in good outcomes, with patients returning to running in 6 to 12 months and returning to sport in 8 to 12 months.

Conclusion:
The rare nature of MLKI hinders the ability to create a standardized rehabilitation protocol. However, early postoperative physical therapy and range of motion consistently lead to improved outcomes. Randomized studies are needed to determine optimal postoperative rehabilitation following MLKR.
Normative and Psychometric Characteristics of the Health and Behavior Inventory Among Children With Mild Orthopedic Injury Presenting to the Emergency Department: Implications for Assessing Postconcussive Symptoms Using the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (Child SCAT5)
Authors: O'Brien Heidi , Minich Nori M. , Langevin Lisa Marie , Taylor H. Gerry , Bigler Erin D. , Cohen Daniel M. , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Craig William R. , Doan Quynh , Zemek Roger , Bacevice Ann , Mihalov Leslie K. , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The study sought to present normative and psychometric data and reliable change formulas for the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI), a postconcussive symptom rating scale embedded in the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition (Child SCAT5).

Design:
Prospective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up.

Setting:
Pediatric emergency departments (EDs).

Participants:
As part of 3 studies conducted in the United States and Canada between 2001 and 2019, 450 children aged 8 to 16 years with mild orthopedic injuries were recruited during ED visits and assessed postacutely (M = 9.38 days, SD = 3.31) and 1 month and 3 months postinjury. Independent variables were rater (child vs parent), sex, and age at injury.

Main Outcome Measure:
HBI ratings.

Methods:
Children and parents rated children's symptoms at each time point; parents also rated children's preinjury symptoms retrospectively. Normative data (mean, SD, skewness, kurtosis, and percentiles) were computed for child and parent ratings. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach alpha (α), and test–retest reliability and interrater agreement were assessed with intraclass correlations (ICCs). Reliable change formulas were computed using linear regression and mixed models.

Results:
HBI ratings were positively skewed. Mean ratings and percentiles were stable over time. Child and parent ratings demonstrated good-to-excellent internal consistency (α 0.76-0.94) and moderate-to-good test–retest reliability (ICC 0.51-0.76 between adjacent assessments). However, parent–child agreement was poor to moderate (ICC 0.31-0.69).

Conclusions:
The HBI demonstrates acceptable normative and psychometric characteristics. Modest parent–child agreement highlights the importance of multiple informants when assessing postconcussive symptoms. The results will facilitate the use of the HBI in research and clinical practice.
The Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Tinnitus and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yuen Erick , Ma Cheng , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To ascertain the effect of cochlear implantation (CI) on tinnitus and quality of life.

Databases Sources:
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched through August 21, 2020. Search strategies used a combination of subject headings (e.g., MeSH in PubMed) and keywords for the following two concepts: cochlear implantation and tinnitus.

Study Selection:
English articles reporting on pre-intervention tinnitus-related patient-reported outcome measures (e.g., Tinnitus Handicap Inventory [THI], Tinnitus Questionnaire [TQ], Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] for loudness) and quality of life measures (e.g., Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire [NCIQ] and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) for CI recipients were included.

Data Extraction:
Demographics, baseline, and follow-up data.

Data Synthesis:
Total of 27 articles reporting on 1,285 patients (mean age 54.5 years, range 14–81) were included. Meta-analysis of all tinnitus-related measures demonstrated improvement following implantation, with a mean difference of −23.2 [95% CI: −28.8 to –17.7], –12.6 [95% CI: −17.5 to –7.8], and –4.5 [95% CI: −5.5 to –3.4] (p < 0.05 for all) for THI, TQ, and VAS, respectively. NCIQ increased by 12.2 points [95% CI: 8.2–16.2] (p < 0.05), indicating improved quality of life among CI recipients. Psychological comorbidities were also ameliorated, as evidenced by reductions in HADS depression (−1.7 [95% CI: −2.4 to −0.9]) and anxiety (−1.3 [95% CI: −2.1 to −0.5]) (p < 0.05 for both) scores.

Conclusion:
Following CI, patients reported significant improvement in tinnitus via several validated questionnaires. Additional benefits include improved quality of life and reduction in psychological comorbidities.
Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Focused on Tinnitus
Authors: Rucker Brayden , Umbarger Erich , Ottwell Ryan , Arthur Wade , Brame Lacy , Woodson Elena , Wright Drew N. , Hartwell Micah , Khojasteh Jam , Vassar Matt 
Published: May 2021

Hypothesis:
The objective was to investigate the prevalence of spin in abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering the treatment of tinnitus. We hypothesized that spin would be present in these articles and a significant relationship would exist between spin usage and extracted study characteristics.

Background:
Spin, the misrepresentation of study findings, can alter a clinician's interpretation of a study's results, potentially affecting patient care. Previous work demonstrates that spin is present in abstracts of randomized clinical trials.

Methods:
Using a cross-sectional analysis, we conducted a systematic search using MEDLINE and Embase databases on June 2, 2020, for systematic reviews focused on tinnitus treatment. Investigators performed screening and data extraction in a masked, duplicate fashion.

Results:
Forty systematic reviews met inclusion criteria, and spin was identified in four of them. Spin in abstracts most frequently occurred when conclusions claimed the beneficial effect of the experimental treatment despite high risk of bias in primary studies (n = 3). The other form of spin found was the conclusion claims safety based on nonstatistically significant results with a wide confidence interval (n = 1). There was no significant association between spin and any of our extracted study characteristics.

Conclusion:
Spin was observed in 10% of abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering the treatment of tinnitus. Although this percentage may be small, we recommend that medical journals provide a more detailed framework for abstract structure and require the inclusion of risk of bias assessment results in abstracts to prevent the incorporation of spin.
Evaluating Neurotrophin Signaling Using MicroRNA Perilymph Profiling in Cochlear Implant Patients With and Without Residual Hearing
Authors: Shew Matthew , Wichova Helena , Warnecke Athanasia , Lenarz Thomas , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: May 2021

Hypothesis:
MicroRNAs predicted to regulate neurotrophin signaling can be found in human perilymph.

Background:
Animal and human temporal bone studies suggest that spiral ganglion health can affect cochlear implant (CI) outcomes. Neurotrophins have been identified as a key factor in the maintenance of spiral ganglion health. Changes in miRNAs may regulate neurotrophin signaling and may reflect neurotrophin expression levels.

Methods:
Perilymph sampling was carried out in 18 patients undergoing cochlear implantation or stapedotomy. Expression of miRNAs in perilymph was evaluated using an Agilent miRNA gene chip. Using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software, miRNAs targeting neurotrophin signaling pathway genes present in a cochlear cDNA library were annotated. Expression levels of miRNAs in perilymph were correlated to the patients’ preoperative pure-tone average.

Results:
Expression of mRNAs coding for neurotrophins and their receptors were identified in tissue obtained from normal human cochlea during skull base surgery. We identified miRNAs predicted to regulate these signaling cascades, including miR-1207-5p, miR-4651, miR-103-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-200-3p. There was a correlation between poor preoperative hearing and lower expression of miR-1207 (predicted to regulate NTR3) and miR-4651 (predicted to regulate NTR2). Additionally, miR-3960, miR-4481, and miR-675 showed significant differences in expression level when comparing mild and profound hearing loss patients.

Conclusions:
Expression of some miRNAs that are predicted to regulate neurotrophin signaling in the perilymph of cochlear implant patients vary with the patient's level of residual hearing. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for changes in neurotrophin signaling.
Colorectal Neoplasia Detection in Individuals With Positive Multitarget Stool DNA Tests
Authors: Anderson Joseph C. , Robinson Christina M. , Hisey William M. , Edwards David K. , Kneedler Bonny L. , Berger Barry M. , Butterly Lynn F. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) includes multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing as a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening option in average-risk individuals, but data on colonoscopy outcomes after positive mt-sDNA tests in community settings are needed.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate colonoscopy outcomes and quality following positive mt-sDNA in the population-based New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry.

Methods:
We compared colonoscopy outcomes and quality between age-matched, sex-matched, and risk-matched patients from 30 endoscopy practices with and without a preceding positive mt-sDNA test. Main outcomes were colonoscopy findings of CRC, advanced noncancerous neoplasia, nonadvanced neoplasia, or normal examination. Quality measures included withdrawal time, bowel preparation quality, examination completion, and percentage of average-risk individuals with normal colonoscopies receiving a USPSTF-recommended 10 year rescreening interval.

Results:
Individuals with positive mt-sDNA tests (N=306, average age 67.0 y; 61.8% female) were significantly more likely than colonoscopy-only patients (N=918, 66.2 y; 61.8% female) to have CRC (1.3% vs. 0.4%) or advanced noncancerous neoplasia (27.1% vs. 8.2%) (P<0.0001). Neoplasia was found in 68.0% of patients having colonoscopy after a positive mt-sDNA test, (positive predictive value, was 68.0%), versus 42.3% of patients with colonoscopy only (P<0.0001). No significant differences in colonoscopy quality measures were observed between cohorts.

Conclusions:
Colonoscopy after a positive mt-sDNA test was more frequently associated with CRC and colorectal neoplasia than colonoscopy alone. Positive mt-sDNA tests can enrich the proportion of colonoscopies with clinically relevant findings. Follow-up recommendations suggest that endoscopists do not inappropriately shorten rescreening intervals in mt-sDNA-positive patients with normal colonoscopy. These findings support the clinical utility of mt-sDNA for CRC screening in community practice.
Risk stratification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Authors: Paez Rafael , Kammer Michael N. , Massion Pierre 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with poor overall 5-year survival. Early detection and diagnosis are key to survival as demonstrated in lung cancer screening trials. However, with increasing implementation of screening guidelines and use of computed tomography, there has been a sharp rise in the incidence of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs). Risk stratification of IPNs, particularly those in the intermediate-risk category, remains challenging in clinical practice. Individual risk factors, imaging characteristics, biomarkers, and prediction models are currently used to assist in risk stratifying patients, but such strategies remain suboptimal. This review focuses on established risk stratification methods, current areas of research, and future directions.

Recent findings
The multitude of yearly incidental and screening-detected IPNs, its management-related healthcare costs, and risk of invasive procedures provides a strong rationale for risk stratification efforts. The development of new molecular and imaging biomarkers to discriminate benign from malignant lung nodules shows great promise. Yet, risk stratification methods need integration into the diagnostic workflow and await validation in prospective, biomarker-driven clinical trials.

Summary
Novel biomarkers and new imaging analysis, including radiomics and deep-learning methods, have been developed to optimize the risk stratification of IPNs. While promising, additional validation and clinical studies are needed before they can be part of routine clinical practice.
Study on the effect of percutaneous intervertebral foraminoscopic discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Ji Qing-hui , Xue Yu , Qiao Xiao-feng , Shi Lei , Liu Shi-chen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study explored the effect of percutaneous intervertebral foraminoscopic discectomy (PIFD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
This retrospective study collected a total of 88 patient cases for inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical data of patients with LDH at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University between May 2017 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of those, 44 patients received PIFD and were allocated to an intervention group. The other 44 patients administrated fenestration discectomy (FD), and were assigned to a control group. We compared surgery time (minute), incision length (cm), duration of hospital stay after surgery (day), pain intensity (as checked by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), health-related quality of life (as examined by Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), and complications between 2 groups.
There were not significant differences in surgery time (minute) (P = .56), VAS (P = .33) and ODI (P = .46) after surgery between 2 groups. However, there were significant differences in incision size (cm) (P < .01) and length of hospital stay (day) (P < .01) after surgery between 2 groups. When compared before the surgery, patients in both groups had significant improvements in VAS (P < .01) and ODI (P < .01) after the surgery. Moreover, both groups had similar safety profiles (P > .05).
The findings of this study showed that both PIFD and FD benefit patients with LDH. However, PIFD can benefit patients more than FD in the incision size and duration of hospital stay after surgery.
The association between air pollution level and breast cancer risk in Taiwan
Authors: Li Yu-Chia , Chiou Jeng-Yuan , Lin Cheng-Li , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Yeh Ming-Hsin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence of cancer among women in Taiwan, and air pollutants have been documented to have multiple adverse effects on human health. There is no relevant data, there has been no research in Taiwan to discuss the relevance of air pollutants to breast cancer, and evidence is sparse and inconclusive.
Air quality data used in this study was collected from the 78 air quality monitoring stations situated in 74 municipalities in Taiwan during 2000 to 2011. The daily measurements taken at each monitoring station represented the level of exposure for each participant residing in that zone. The air pollution concentration is partitioned based on the concentration level in Quartile. We calculate the annual average air pollutants concentration (CO, NO, NO2, PM2.5, THC, and CH4) and the long-term average exposure levels of these pollutants until diagnosis of breast cancer, ending the study period for each individual.
Patients who were living in areas with the highest air pollutants concentration (Quartile 4) had the most people diagnosed with breast cancer (CO:1.47%, NO:1.41%, NO2:1.63%, PM2.5:0.91%, THC:1.53%, CH4:2.33%). The patients who were exposed to Quartile 1 level of CO, NO, and NO2 concentration were the oldest, and other patients who were exposed to Quartile 4 level of CO, NO, and NO2 concentration were living in the areas of highest urbanization. Participants exposed to Quartile 4 level concentrations of air pollutants were associated with highest hazards ratios for breast cancer incidences.
Most participants who were exposed to the high concentration of air pollutants (CO, THC and CH4) had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer. If we can improve air pollution in the environment, we can reduce the incidence of breast cancer and save precious medical resources.
Multidisciplinary treatment of primary intracranial yolk sac tumor
Authors: Xu Zhen-Ning , Yue Xiang-Yong , Cao Xiao-Ci , Liu Ya-Dong , Fang Bao-Shuan , Zhao Wen-Hao , Li Chen , Xu Shuai , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Intracranial yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignancies with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. They are usually managed with surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report a patient with primary YST in the pineal region who achieved long term survival. Despite undergoing treatment, he experienced several recurrences over a 15-year period.

Diagnosis:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the presence of space-occupying lesions in the pineal region and the medial tail of the left lateral ventricle. The tumors were excised, and the histological diagnosis suggested an intracranial YST.

Interventions:
The patient achieved long term survival after combined modality therapy including surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

Outcomes:
The disease remained stable. However, the patient gave up treatment and passed away in October 2020, with a total survival of about 15 years.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this patient with intracranial YST had received a longer survival compared with other published reports. We summarize previously published reports of intracranial YST and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary treatment. SRS may have a role, as a focal boost to residual tumor after resection or in case of recurrence after conventional radiotherapy, in the multimodality management of intracranial YSTs.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonitis due to the inhalation of aerosolized face lotion
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Morimoto Kozo , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Takemura Tamiko , Oka Teruaki , Yoshimori Kozo , Ken Ota 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Inhalation of toxic agents can induce eosinophilic pneumonia. However, only a few case reports demonstrate that exposure to materials can induce chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). Here, we describe a rare case of CEP with mild alveolar hemorrhage due to the inhalation of aerosols from face lotion. This is the first report of eosinophilic pneumonia caused by face lotion exposure.

Patient concerns:
A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with cough and dyspnea for 2 months, which coincided when she started to use a new aerosolized face lotion. Laboratory findings showed high blood eosinophil levels, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed bilateral peripheral consolidation and ground-glass opacity mainly in the left upper lobe. She underwent flexible bronchoscopy. Eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were slightly elevated, and the gross appearance of BALF was bloody. The histological examination of the transbronchial lung biopsy showed infiltration of eosinophils and macrophages in alveolar septa with edema and without vasculitis and granuloma formation; a small number of hemosiderin-laden macrophages were also observed. An inhalation challenge test involving the face lotion was performed. Six hours after the test, the blood test showed an increased white blood cell (WBC) count, and chest radiography showed slight exacerbation. Forced vital capacity decreased the following day.

Diagnosis:
According to histological analysis and positive result of an inhalation challenge test, she was diagnosed with CEP with mild alveolar hemorrhage due to inhalation of aerosols from the face lotion.

Interventions and outcomes:
She gradually improved without medication after stopping the use of face lotion.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CEP with mild alveolar hemorrhage due to the inhalation of face lotion. Various inhaled agents, such as face lotion, can induce CEP in rare cases.