bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence by Community Survey and Residual Specimens, Denver, Colorado, July–August 2020
Authors: Kugeler Kiersten J. , Podewils Laura J. , Alden Nisha B. , Burket Tori L. , Kawasaki Breanna , Biggerstaff Brad J. , Biggs Holly M. , Zacks Rachael , Foster Monique A. , Lim Travis , McDonald Emily , Tate Jacqueline E. , Herlihy Rachel K. , Drobeniuc Jan , Cortese Margaret M. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is underestimated in surveillance data. Various approaches to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have different resource requirements and generalizability. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Denver County, Colorado, via a cluster-sampled community survey. Methods: We estimated the overall seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 via a community seroprevalence survey in Denver County in July 2020, described patterns associated with seroprevalence, and compared results with cumulative COVID-19 incidence as reported to the health department during the same period. In addition, we compared seroprevalence as assessed with a temporally and geographically concordant convenience sample of residual clinical specimens from a commercial laboratory. Results: Based on 404 specimens collected through the community survey, 8.0% (95% CI, 3.9%-15.7%) of Denver County residents had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, an infection rate of about 7 times that of the 1.1% cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence during this period. The estimated infection-to-reported case ratio was highest among children (34.7; 95% CI, 11.1-91.2) and males (10.8; 95% CI, 5.7-19.3). Seroprevalence was highest among males of Black race or Hispanic ethnicity and was associated with previous COVID-19–compatible illness, a previous positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and close contact with someone who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Testing of 1598 residual clinical specimens yielded a seroprevalence of 6.8% (95% CI, 5.0%-9.2%); the difference between the 2 estimates was 1.2 percentage points (95% CI, −3.6 to 12.2 percentage points). Conclusions: Testing residual clinical specimens provided a similar seroprevalence estimate yet yielded limited insight into the local epidemiology of COVID-19 and might be less representative of the source population than a cluster-sampled community survey. Awareness of the limitations of various sampling strategies is necessary when interpreting findings from seroprevalence assessments.
Swallowing Function Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A 2‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Lee Esther , Gorelik Daniel , Crowder Hannah R. , Badger Christopher , Schottler Jennifer , Li Ning‐Wei , Siegel Robert , Sadeghi Nader , Goodman Joseph F. , Thakkar Punam G. , Joshi Arjun S. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate 2‐year follow‐up swallowing function in patients with human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) who completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery (NAC+S)Study DesignRetrospective analysis of patients with OPSCC treated with NAC+S between 2010 and 2021.SettingA single academic institution.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of patient‐reported swallowing function, assessed with the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) at least 2 years after completion of treatment. The inclusion criteria are patients with HPV+ OPSCC who underwent NAC+S at least 2 years ago. Those requiring adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation or experiencing relapse were excluded from the study.ResultsCompleted MDADIs were received from 37 patients at a median 3.8 years posttreatment (interquartile range, 2.0‐8.6 years). Of those, 94.6% (n = 35) were male and 81.1% (n = 30) were White. The median age at OPSCC diagnosis was 59.0 years (interquartile range, 41‐80 years). The most frequent primary subsite of OPSCC was the base of the tongue (n = 20, 54.1%), followed by the tonsils (n = 16, 43.2%). In addition, 75.7% (n = 28) had stage IVa disease (TNM seventh edition), and 29 (78.4%) had scores ≥80, classified as optimal function. When compared with patients who received bilateral neck dissection, patients who received unilateral neck dissection were associated with an age <65 years old (P =. 036) and lower clinical TNM stage (P =. 04), as well as higher composite, emotional, functional, and physical MDADI scores (P =. 017,. 046,. 013, and. 05, respectively).ConclusionPatients with OPSCC who were treated with NAC+S achieved satisfactory long‐term swallowing outcomes. Unilateral neck dissection was significantly associated with higher MDADI scores in this patient cohort.
The Transition in Household Energy Use for Cooking in India: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Brahmanandam N. , Nagarajan R. 
Published: November 2021

This article seeks to assess the transition in household energy use for cooking in India based on data from two rounds of the India Human Development Survey in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. In this study, we have used the multinomial logistic regression and Multiple Classification Analysis conversion model to assess the transition in household energy use according to the socio-economic characteristics of households. Our findings suggest that although the transition from solid fuel to clean fuel is universal across households, it is greater among the socio-economically better-off households than their poorer counterparts. The use of solid fuel for cooking was more prevalent among the socio-economically disadvantaged households than among their socio-economically better-off counterparts in both 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Convergence in clean cooking fuel use across the households can be possible only when socio-economically disadvantaged households progress faster than their already better-off counterparts. JEL Codes: B5, C23, D31, I3, Q5
India–European Union Trade Integration: An Analysis of Current and Future Trajectories
Authors: Loganathan Swetha , Karakunnel Joshy Joseph , Victor Vijay 
Published: November 2021

In a dynamic global environment of increased economic interdependence, nations are more than ever seeking to remove barriers to trade, despite growing trends of protectionism. In this context, India and the EU-27 have initiated talks for the establishment of a Bilateral Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) in an attempt to bring their economies together. However, after 16 rounds of negotiations, the failure to conclude this agreement has raised questions regarding the benefits of the agreement to India. This study attempts to examine the current trade scenario and the effects of the proposed regional trade agreement by estimating a structural gravity model. This study employs the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator for analysing the trade-creation and trade-diversion effects of the BTIA to overcome the shortcomings of ordinary least square (OLS) estimators. For the empirical analysis, the merchandise export data from the Gravity database has been taken for a period of 19 years from 2001 to 2019. The results indicate that the BTIA could lead to trade creation and trade diversion, highlighting the need for a re-evaluation of India’s trade policy. JEL Classification: F10, F13, F14, F15, O24
Comparing successful insertions, dwell time, reinsertions and the costs of supplies between integrated and simple short peripheral catheters
Authors: Cura Jonathan D 
Published: November 2021

Background: Along with the challenges to strengthen patient safety in the use of short peripheral catheters (SPCs), various studies have been conducted in the past to explore differences between two main types of SPCs—integrated SPC (ISPC) and simple SPC (SSPC) in terms of clinical performance. The accumulated evidence from the literature lean toward the benefits of ISPC use in preventing complications leading to longer dwell time and more economical savings than SSPC use. The study aimed to compare ISPC and SSPC in terms of first-attempt successful insertions, number of attempts before successful insertion, perceived ease of insertion, dwell time, reinsertion rate, reasons for removal, and costs of supplies used for the insertions. Furthermore, it aimed to verify whether the previous results of referenced work in the use of ISPC were similar, and its use provided more foreseeable benefit for patient safety and cost-efficiency. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a 650-bed tertiary academic medical center in the Philippines. Eligible participants were adult patients who were required SPC for at least 72 h by the physician. Using inferential statistics, comparisons were done among adult patients with integrated ( n = 350) and simple ( n = 350) SPC. Comparisons were also made according to insertion site and gauge of SPC. Results: The successful first-attempt insertions did not vary significantly at around 80% in both groups ( p = 0.428). No significant differences were found in terms of attempts before successful insertion ( p = 0.677), dwell time ( p = 0.144), reinsertions ( p = 0.934), and reasons for removal ( p = 0.424). Meanwhile, comparable differences were noted in terms of perceived ease of insertion ( p < 0.001) and cost of supplies used during the insertions ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: ISPCs can yield the same results with that of SSPCs while being easier to use and less costly.
Incidence of COVID-19 in Children and Young People Who Play Federated Football
Authors: Seijo Bestilleiro Rocío , Suanzes Hernández Jorge , Batalla Bautista Diego , Pereira Rodríguez María José , Martín Cristina González , Garcia Rodriguez Mara Teresa , Pértega Díaz Sonia 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection in children and young people who play federated football. Methods: Prospective study, from October 2020 to January 2021, in players aged 4 to 19 years from federated football clubs in Galicia, Spain (N = 23,845). Outbreaks and cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. The cumulative incidence was compared with the incidence registered in Galicia in the same age range. Results: The cumulative incidence was 29.8 cases per 10,000 licenses in 4 months, lower than the incidence registered in the general population for all ages and both sexes (283.7 per 10,000 inhabitants; rate ratio = 9.5). It was higher in January (40.7 per 10,000), coinciding with the population peak. More cases were registered in futsal (42.9 vs 27.5 per 10,000) and competitions with periodic screenings (127.4 vs 9.1 per 10,000). There were 2 outbreaks in 2389 teams (0.08%). Conclusion: The results support the safety of football practice in children and young people with prevention protocols.
The status of serum cortisol before and after treatment of schizophrenia and its correlation to disease severity and improvement: A longitudinal study
Authors: Woldesenbet Yohannes Markos , Alenko Arefayne , Bukata Iyasu Tadesse , Gedefaw Lealem , Fikru Chaltu 
Published: November 2021

Background: Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning, with cortisol as its major output hormone, has been presumed to play a key role in the development of psychopathology of schizophrenia. Objective: We examined the association of serum cortisol with disease severity and improvement in schizophrenia patients in Jimma, Ethiopia. Method: A total of 34 newly diagnosed schizophrenics were included in this study. Data on demographic, behavioral, clinical state, serum cholesterol level, and antipsychotic usage were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms severity. A paired sample t-test was used to compare baseline and post-treatment values. Linear regression was used to assess associations. Result: Post-treatment serum cortisol level was significantly lower than its baseline value ( p = 0.001). There was also a significant positive and negative psychotic symptoms decrease after treatment (baseline positive psychotic vs post-treatment positive psychotic symptoms: t(33) = 6.24 (95% confidence interval = 7.03,13.84, p = 0.000) and (baseline negative psychotic vs post-treatment negative psychotic symptoms: t(33) = 4.21 (95% confidence interval = 3.82, 10.99, p = 0.000). At baseline, neither positive nor negative subscore on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale showed an association with serum cortisol level ( B = −0.016, p = 0.794 and B = −0.032, p = 0.594). However, serum cortisol level showed strong associations with post-treatment positive sub scores and negative sub scores ( B = 0.167, p = 0.007) and ( B = 0.144, p = 0.010) on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Conclusion: We found a significant decrease in serum cortisol level after antipsychotics treatment and that was associated with improvement in psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics in Jimma, Ethiopia.
Acute and severe haemorrhage following pentosan polysulfate injection in a Cornish Rex
Authors: Tong Miranda X , Romine Jessica F , Hardcastle Michael R 
Published: November 2021

Case summary A 14-year-old male castrated Cornish Rex cat was referred for lethargy progressing rapidly to collapse in the hours following a subcutaneous injection of a product containing 100 mg/ml pentosan polysulfate sodium and 168 mg/ml glucosamine. Physical examination revealed the cat to be in hypotensive shock with swelling and interstitial oedema around the cranial thorax and caudal cervical regions without cutaneous haemorrhage. Initial diagnostics revealed a severe anaemia (packed cell volume 11%) which later deteriorated further, necessitating a blood transfusion and aggressive fluid therapy. Post-transfusion, the patient remained dyspnoeic and subsequent diagnostics found evidence of pre-existing cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. The cat was euthanased 24 h following presentation due to increasing dyspnoea. Post-mortem findings were of severe subcutaneous and intermuscular haemorrhage over the neck and thorax, among other changes. There were no detectable levels of coumarin anticoagulants in the liver. Relevance and novel information This is the first reported case of acute subcutaneous and intermuscular haemorrhage of this severity suspected to be related to the off-label use of an injectable product containing pentosan polysulfate in a cat. Given the popularity of its use for feline arthritis, there is a need for large-scale clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of products containing pentosan polysulfate for cats, and any side effects to be reported.
Wages and Firm Ownership: A Study of the Manufacturing Sector of India
Authors: Sahu Santosh Kumar , Goel Ankita 
Published: November 2021

From an ownership viewpoint, we analyse the determinants of significant wage differences for India’s manufacturing sector. We use data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy’s Prowess database from 2000–2015. Using fixed-effects and Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method, we confirm that foreign firms pay higher wages and salaries than domestic firms. Most importantly, productivity, participation in the export market, firm size, firm age and profit margin explain the inter-firm and intra-firm differences in labour intensity for the manufacturing firms in the Indian economy. The wage gap seems higher for intra-firm than the inter-firm, indicating that demand for labour is higher within the sector. JEL Classifications: E24, G32, L6, C13
Earlier Resolution of Symptoms and Return of Function After Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair As Compared With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Barnett Samuel C. , Murray Martha M. , Badger Gary J. ,   the BEAR Trial Team, Sanborn Ryan , Kiapour Ata , Proffen Benedikt , Sant Nicholas , Fleming Braden C. , Micheli Lyle J. , Yen Yi-Meng , Kramer Dennis E. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Bridge-enhanced anterior cruciate ligament repair (BEAR) has noninferior patient-reported outcomes when compared with autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at 2 years. However, the comparison of BEAR and autograft ACLR at earlier time points—including important outcomes such as resolution of knee pain and symptoms, recovery of strength, and return to sport—has not yet been reported. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the BEAR group would have higher outcomes on the International Knee Documentation Committee and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, as well as improved muscle strength, in the early postoperative period. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 100 patients aged 13 to 35 years with complete midsubstance anterior cruciate ligament injuries were randomized to receive a suture repair augmented with an extracellular matrix implant (n = 65) or an autograft ACLR (n = 35). Outcomes were assessed at time points up to 2 years postoperatively. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses were used to compare BEAR and ACLR outcomes. Patients were unblinded after their 2-year visit. Results: Repeated-measures testing revealed a significant effect of group on the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Score ( P = .015), most pronounced at 6 months after surgery (BEAR = 86 points vs ACLR = 78 points; P = .001). There was a significant effect of group on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Symptoms subscale scores ( P = .010), largely attributed to the higher BEAR scores at the 1-year postoperative time point (88 vs 82; P = .009). The effect of group on hamstring strength was significant in the repeated-measures analysis ( P < .001), as well as at all postoperative time points ( P < .001 for all comparisons). At 1 year after surgery, approximately 88% of the patients in the BEAR group and 76% of the ACLR group had been cleared for return to sport ( P = .261). Conclusion: Patients undergoing the BEAR procedure had earlier resolution of symptoms and increased satisfaction about their knee function, as well as improved resolution of hamstring muscle strength throughout the 2-year follow-up period. Registration: NCT02664545 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
Authors: Nawrocka Zofia Anna , Nawrocka Zofia , Nawrocki Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: A swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) analysis of vasculature in vitreomacular traction (VMT) before and after surgery as well as 15 months’ “watchful waiting” follow-up data. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 38 eyes. Patients were divided into group 1: untreated (20 eyes); group 2: untreated, spontaneous release of traction (4 eyes); and group 3: vitrectomy (14 eyes). Results: In all cases, SS-OCTA of the choriocapillaris revealed a hyporeflective area, which disappeared after traction release. In group 1, none of the analyzed factors significantly changed. In group 2, visual acuity (VA) improved from 0.3 logMAR to 0.1 logMAR. None of the following parameters significantly changed: central choroidal thickness, superficial fovea avascular zone (sFAZ), deep fovea avascular zone (dFAZ), and vessel densities. In 1 eye a lamellar macular hole formed. Factors increasing the chances of spontaneous release of traction were width of traction and central retinal thickness ( P < .05). In group 3, VA improved from 0.27 Snellen (0.6 logMAR) to 0.44 Snellen (0.4 logMAR) ( P < .05). Postoperative OCTA revealed significant decreases in central retinal thickness ( P < .001), the parameters sFAZ, and dFAZ ( P < .05). Conclusions: sFAZ and dFAZ decreased after vitrectomy but not after spontaneous release of traction. VA was better in eyes with spontaneous release of traction. The degree of improvement in VA was greater in the vitrectomy group. In all cases a hyporeflective area is visible in the choriocapillaris layer in SS-OCTA. It disappears when traction is released. Early treatment, at least in patients with lower VA, might be beneficial.
Revision Quadriceps Tendon Repair With Bone-Achilles Allograft Augmentation
Authors: Dandu Navya , Trasolini Nicholas A. , DeFroda Steven F. , Holland Tai , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Surgical repair of chronic quadriceps tendon ruptures can be daunting, especially after failure of a prior repair. In this setting, tissue quality is usually poor, necessitating graft augmentation. In this video, we describe our technique for Achilles tendon allograft augmentation for revision quadriceps tendon repair. Indications: Failed quadriceps tendon repair defined as ongoing extensor mechanism deficit including patella baja, functional deficit, or palpable quadriceps defect with confirmed retear on advanced imaging. Technique Description: Patient is placed in the supine position, and a midline incision is extended to the tibial tubercle. Full thickness medial and lateral flaps are raised, nonviable scar tissue is excised, and suprapatellar adhesions are released to ensure full mobilization of the viable remnant quadriceps. A plane is then developed deep to the patellar tendon paratenon from proximal to distal. A reamer is used to prepare a socket just medial to the tibial tubercle. The calcaneal bone block of the Achilles allograft is fashioned to match the recipient site on the tibia with a sagittal saw. The graft is shuttled deep to the paratenon, and the bone plug is fixed to the tibia with an interference screw. Suture from the patellar anchors is then used to place 2 running Krackow stitches spanning the remnant quadriceps tendon proximally. The remnant tissue is subsequently reduced and tied with an anchor pull-through technique. The soft tissue component of the Achilles graft is laid over the repair and oversewn with free nonabsorbable suture. Patient is placed in a brace locked in extension for 6 weeks and allowed to be weight bearing as tolerated. Results: Long-term patient-reported outcomes of Achilles allograft reconstruction for revision extensor mechanism repairs are limited. Two studies of 17 reconstructions each reported this to be a reliable and durable option at a mean follow-up of 65 and 52 months, respectively. Discussion/Conclusion: Revision surgery for extensor mechanism deficits can be a challenging procedure. Our preference is to perform augmentation with Achilles allograft with bone plug fixation on the tibial side. This allows for augmentation of the entire extensor mechanism, as well as bone-to-bone healing on the tibial side.