bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La calle no se dobla por la esquina sino por el centro: del agua y el territorio
Authors: Moreno Fabiola 
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo expone el proceso de una experiencia pedagógica fundamentada en una perspectiva contemporánea del pensamiento, ella introduce criterios de integralidad en la aproximación al estudio del territorio conforme a la metáfora del fractal; visión en la cual el todo y las partes se hallan en interacción dinámica y contradictoria. La experiencia comienza en el aula de clase, fue trabajada recurriendo a problemas contextuales, es decir, problemáticas cercanas a la localidad cuarta de Bogotá, San Cristóbal, concretamente, preguntas relativas a los procesos de degradación ecológica.
Temporal expectancy modulates stimulus–response integration
Authors: Schmalbrock Philip , Frings Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe can use information derived from passing time to anticipate an upcoming event. If time before an event varies, responses towards this event become faster with increasing waiting time. This variable-foreperiod effect has been often observed in response-speed studies. Different action control frameworks assume that response and stimulus features are integrated into an event file that is retrieved later if features repeat. Yet the role of foreperiods has so far not been investigated in action control. Thus, we investigated the influence of foreperiod on the integration of action-perception features. Participants worked through a standard distractor–response binding paradigm where two consecutive responses are made towards target letters while distractor letters are present. Responses and/or distractors can repeat or change from first to second display, leading to partial repetition costs when only some features repeat or repetition benefits when all features repeat (the difference constituting distractor–response binding). To investigate the effect of foreperiod, we also introduced an anti-geometric distribution of foreperiods to the time interval before the first response display. We observed that distractor–response binding increased with increasing foreperiod duration, and speculate that this was driven by an increase in motor readiness induced by temporal expectancy.
The Competing Effect of Gas and Stars in the Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Bortolas Elisa , Franchini Alessia , Bonetti Matteo , Sesana Alberto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Massive black hole binaries are predicted to form during the hierarchical assembly of cosmic structures and will represent the loudest sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) detectable by present and forthcoming GW experiments. Before entering the GW-driven regime, their evolution is driven by the interaction with the surrounding stars and gas. While stellar interactions are found to always shrink the binary, recent studies predict the possibility of binary outspiral mediated by the presence of a gaseous disk, which could endlessly delay the coalescence and impact the merger rates of massive binaries. Here we implement a semianalytical treatment that follows the binary evolution under the combined effect of stars and gas. We find that binaries may outspiral only if they accrete near or above their Eddington limit and only until their separation reaches the gaseous disk self-gravitating radius. Even in case of an outspiral, the binary eventually reaches a large enough mass for GW to take over and drive it to coalescence. The combined action of stellar hardening, mass growth, and GW-driven inspiral brings binaries to coalescence in a few hundreds of megayears at most, implying that gas-driven expansion will not severely affect the detection prospects of upcoming GW facilities.
Antitumor activity of the combination of artemisinin and epirubicin in human leukemia cells
Authors: Zhelyazkova Margarita Y. , Hristova-Avakumova Nadya G. , Momekov Georgi Tsv. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: We evaluated the tumor-inhibiting effect of artemisinin applied separately and in combination with epirubicin on leukemia HL-60 and HL-60/Dox cell lines, its dose modulation effect and its potency to&nbsp; influence iron-induced oxidative damage of biologically relevant molecules.
Materials and methods: MTT assay and the method of Chou-Talalay were used to show the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and to evaluate the synergistic effect and modulation effect of artemisinin and epirubicin at varying concentrations. We also used spectrophotometric assays to determine the potency of artemisinin to influence iron-induced molecular degradation of lecithin and deoxyribose.
Results: Artemisinin exhibits tumor-inhibiting effect on both the anthracycline-sensitive and anthracycline-resistant promyelocytic cell lines, reaching 88% and 61% (T/C), respectively, when applied at higher concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of artemisinin and epirubicin shows synergistic effects in all tested concentrations on doxorubicin-resistant cells (CI<0.7). Artemisinin sensitizes the resistant cells towards epirubicin as shown by the CI (combination index) values and has a dose-modulation effect as shown by DRI (dose reduction index). Artemisinin induces deoxyribose oxidative degradation when applied alone and exerts synergistic deoxyribose degradation effect when applied with iron. However, artemisinin does not influence the studied processes in the lecithin-containing model system and has no potential to induce lipid peroxidation.
Conclusions: This study presents a new opportunity to enhance the effectiveness of epirubicin-based treatment regimens with addition of artemisinins for resistant tumors.
Irregular Astigmatism Induced by Irregular Epithelial Remodeling After Conductive Keratoplasty and Transepithelial CXL
Authors: Ferguson Tanner J. , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe the evaluation and management of irregular astigmatism induced by persistent irregular epithelial remodeling in the absence of persistent underlying stromal curvature irregularity following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) re-treatment after remote myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with subsequent conductive keratoplasty (CK) and transepithelial corneal cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:
Case report.

RESULTS:
A 41-year-old woman presented for evaluation 1 year after developing blurred vision. She had irregular astigmatism in her right eye following PRK re-treatment for regression after remote myopic LASIK, with a subsequent combined CK and modified transepithelial CXL procedure 1 month after PRK. Scheimpflug tomography demonstrated a post-myopic ablation pattern with an apparent decentered optical zone. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) revealed an irregular epithelial thickness pattern, with an asymmetric focal region of epithelial thickness para-centrally temporally. Superficial keratectomy was performed. Following the procedure, the patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity improved by two lines to 20/20, and her subjective blur symptoms resolved and remained stable during 12 months of follow-up. Repeat AS-OCT demonstrated a more uniform epithelial thickness pattern. Scheimpflug tomography showed resolution of the optical zone decentration, confirming that the irregular epithelial remodeling caused the curvature irregularity, and the underlying stromal curvature was not significantly irregular at the time of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although uncommon, irregular epithelial remodeling can occur without permanent underlying stromal irregularity. The authors surmise that a temporary induced stromal curvature change from combined CK and transepithelial CXL regressed, but epithelial remodeling did not return to the anticipated regular postoperative pattern. This phenomenon would be unrecognizable in the absence of epithelial mapping and highlights the need for thorough evaluation and targeted management strategies to improve epithelial regularization.

[
Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports
. 2021;1(2):e23–e30.]
Le bleu impérieux du ciel
Authors: Nicolas-Pierre Delphine 
Published: August 2021

C’est un défaut de lecture que ce présent ouvrage s’attache à corriger en adoptant un regard neuf sur un objet terni, jauni par les images successives laissées par les commentaires critiques au fil du temps. Longtemps mise à l’écart de l’histoire littéraire, l’œuvre de Simone de Beauvoir a suscité de nombreux malentendus. Elle a généré des pesanteurs dans l’interprétation de ses textes, déplaçant le centre de gravité d’une pensée et d’une écriture pourtant singulières. Le récit d’enfance et d’adolescence est la première marche du cycle beauvoirien des mémoires. Or relire les Mémoires d’une jeune fille rangée invite à saisir la vitalité d’un vaste continuum de textes empruntant la voie de l’écriture de soi depuis les premiers essais littéraires de Simone de Beauvoir. Ce premier opus n’est pas seulement ancré dans la réalité de son temps. L’œuvre rayonne de part et d’autre de la ligne « classique » de l’autobiographie : elle ouvre sur le monde et sur l’universel
L’expérience des mœurs
Authors: Stiker-Metral Charles-Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Machine de guerre au service des anciens, lancée au plus fort de la que­relle, instrument d'une christianisation des pratiques littéraires, Les caractères stupéfient par ce qui fut à leur époque considéré comme « une manière d’écrire toute nouvelle », utilisant l’écriture discontinue pour s’interroger sur l’intelligi­bilité des comportements humains. Cette œuvre ouverte permet d’inventer un mode d’investigation à même de restituer le processus par lequel s’élabore un savoir en perpétuelle réflexion sur lui-même, et rend sensible la force d’indi­gnation et d’inquiétude qui perce derrière l’humour, l’ironie et la comédie. Une hygiène de la pensée est nécessaire à celui qui entend résister à la puissance de falsification de l’égocentrisme. Elle est aussi condition d’efficacité du discours moral : le lecteur ne deviendra pas « raisonnable et plus proche de devenir chrétien » en demeurant passif, mais en entrant dans la dynamique cognitive du livre de morale, et en faisant pour son propre compte le parcours intellec­tuel déjà effectué par l’écrivain.
La muse au couteau
Authors: Roger Thierry 
Published: August 2021

Tiré de dix années d’oubli par Verlaine, rival posthume de Laforgue, salué par Tzara et Breton, Corbière n’est pas seulement le « poète maudit » ni « moderniste » qu’une certaine histoire littéraire a construit. Son œuvre, traversée par une puissance de dérision féroce, propose un recommencement du lyrisme à partir d’une esthétique polyphonique qui mêle dissonance antiromantique et consonance primitiviste. Son « ironie lyrique » (Bakhtine) perpétuelle ne peut plus être une quête de soi, mais une quête du vrai qui se fera aussi recueil de voix. Où l’on découvrira un « Maître-philosophe cynique » qui nous apprend à mourir de rire, qui «joue du couteau » contre une certaine tradition, romantique, contre le présent, parnassien, mais aussi contre la domination grapho-centrique, et donc pour l’inscription du corps dans la langue : « Si ce n’est pas vrai - Que je crève ! »
Quality of Life and Burden of Caregiving Among the Primary Caregivers of Children with Disability in Rural Karnataka
Authors: Arasu Sakthi , Shanbhag Deepthi 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
The primary caregiver of a child with disability has to undergo a lot of difficulties in taking care of the child.

Objective:
To assess the quality of life and burden of caregiving of primary caregivers of children with disability registered in a CBR services in rural Karnataka.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was done among 100 children with disability and their primary caregivers. Interview schedule including socio-demography, WHOQOL-BREF, ZBI and WHODAS was used.

Results:
Mean age of caregivers was 36.38 of which 97% were women and 82% were mothers of children with disability. Mean age of children was 11.43 years, 56% males and most common diagnosis was multiple disabilities (38%). Mean caregiver burden according to Zarit scale was 33.27 and mean burden scores were significantly different between the disability domains of the children. Mean quality of life (QOL) scores for each domain was 49.6 in physical, 60.47 in psychological, 45.67 in social and 58.44 in environmental domains. Marital status of the caregivers was significantly associated with both physical and the social domain of the QOL. Occupation of the caregiver was significantly associated with the environmental domain and the type of disability in the children significantly affected the physical domain of the QOL of the caregivers.

Conclusion:
Caregiver QOL is overall poor but it was the lowest in the physical domain and higher in psychological domain. Caregiver burden scores were high and depends on the type of disability. Importance should be given to the care of the caregivers.
Experience from a COVID-19 screening centre of a tertiary care institution
Authors: Pradhan Somen Kumar , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Singh Arvind Kumar , Patro Binod Kumar , Mohanty Sachidananda 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a significant public health concern across the whole world, including India. In the absence of any specific treatment or vaccine against COVID-19, the role of efficient testing and reporting has been uncontested so far as the number of cases is rising daily. In order to strengthen the screening activities and to prevent nosocomial infection, facility-based screening centres have been designed and operated at various levels of healthcare, including tertiary care institutions.

Methods:
The present study has been planned with an objective to understand the patient profile and evaluate the functioning of COVID-19 screening OPD (CS-OPD) at a tertiary care hospital. In this hospital-based retrospective study, data from individuals visiting the COVID-19 screening OPD during the period from 17th March 2020 to 31st July 2020 were collected. We documented and analysed relevant demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients.

Results:
A total of 10,735 patients visited the COVID-19 screening OPD during the defined study period of which 3652 individuals were tested. The majority of the patients, i.e., 65.67% (7050) were male and in the 15–59 years age group (84.68%). The most common symptoms among patients visiting CS-OPD was cough (9.86%). Of the total, 17.17% (1843) of patients reported to the CS-OPD with a contact history of COVID-19–positive patient. On the other hand, 13.49% (1448) of patients were with either domestic or international travel history. The overall testing rate and positivity rate for CS-OPD during this period were found to be 34.02% and 7.94%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The clinical, demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients visiting CS-OPD varied across the study period depending upon the containment and testing strategy. The CS-OPD played a crucial role in preventing nosocomial infection and maintaining non-COVID care at the tertiary care hospital.
India needs a resilient cancer program
Authors: Pilakkadavath Zarin I. , Rao Arathi P. , Nayar K. Rajasekharan , Kumar Raman , Koya Shaffi F. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
We analyzed the trends for two important cancers affecting females, breast cancer and cervical cancer, using the Indian cancer registry data and correlated the findings with selected relevant sociodemographic and behavioral indicators.

Methods:
We examined National Family Health Survey data for the respective states in which registries are located, on relevant indicators like multiparity, early childbearing, cervical examination, multiple sexual partners/high-risk sexual behavior, and HIV prevalence (for cervical cancer), multiparity, early childbearing, duration of breastfeeding, overweight, alcohol use, and clinical breast examination (for breast cancer). We used Global Adult Tobacco Survey smoking data.

Results:
The top four positions in cancer cervix were all in registries from northeast India with a higher proportion of multiparous women (≥3 births; around 40%), whereas three major metros in the south and the national capital of Delhi, all with a relatively low proportion of multiparous women (11–25%) topped the chart for breast cancer. Overweight/obesity was higher in states with a higher incidence of breast cancer (23.3–31%) compared to states with a lower incidence (12.2–16%). No clear patterns emerged with regard to alcohol consumption, duration of breastfeeding or clinical breast examination.

Conclusion:
The shift in the childbearing age group explains the increasing breast cancer rates in urban areas, whereas the persisting higher rate of multiparity explains higher cervical cancer rates especially in underserved states in the northeast. India needs to invest in transforming its cancer control program to be a more resilient one with a focus on screening and prevention.
Job satisfaction among family medicine physicians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulrahman Khalid Bin , Alnosian Moath Yosef , Alshamrani Abdulwahab Ali , ALassaf Hatim Ibrahim , Aldayel Abdulrahman Saleh , Alaskar Yazeed Ahmed , Alshehri Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Physicians are subject to chronic stressors, depression, and burnout due to long working hours, high requirements, and critical decision-making.[1
2
3
4
5] All those reasons contribute to the dissatisfaction of physicians. The dissatisfaction of physicians might lead to lower health-care quality.[6] Moreover, patient satisfaction is strongly affected by physician satisfaction.[7
8] This study aims to measure job satisfaction among family medicine (FM) physicians in Saudi Arabia.

Study Design:
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 265 FM physicians working in Saudi Arabia to participate in an online survey between October 2019 and January 2019.

Results:
Results showed that more than 50% of the respondents were very satisfied with their career choice (55.5%, n = 147). Non-Saudis who were satisfied or strongly satisfied were higher than those of Saudis (P = 0.035) and 2.45 times more likely to be dissatisfied compared to non-Saudi respondents. Respondents from the southern region were 81% less likely to be dissatisfied than respondents from the central region (OR = 0.19, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Family medicine physicians showed a high level of satisfaction with their career choice regardless of gender, age, sector public or private, marital status. This is promising for family medicine as a medical specialty. The future of health care in Saudi Arabia is driven toward general practice and primary care centers, which aligns with the future vision of Saudi Arabia 2030.
The attitude and prevalence of patient noncompliance toward chronic disease medications in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altamimi Alhanouf Fahad , Alqahtani Zuhour Abdullah , Almughaiseeb Fay Ahmed , Alshiha Kholoud Abdullah , Alaryni Abdullah , Alotaibi Azzam 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Failure of patients' adherence to medications has been a big issue for both physicians and patients; not only it does affect the patients' health but also it affects the financial status of the hospital and the patient.

Objective:
This investigation aims to explore the prevalence and the factors affecting the compliance of patients with chronic conditions to their medications.

Materials and Methods:
An online survey was distributed to patients who had chronic conditions and lived in the main cities of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included sections about the patients' general characters, type of chronic disease, the pattern of prescribed medications' usage, and factors affecting compliance of patients toward their medications. Data was collected in a predesigned excel sheet, and analysis was executed through SPSS program version 26.

Results:
301 patients responded to this questionnaire. The lowest incidence of missing pills was among patients with heart failure, followed by chronic kidney disease, whereas the highest frequency of missing pills was among patients with vitamin D deficiency, followed by hyperlipidemia. 38.5% of the patients used mobile applications as reminders for the administration of their medications. 50% of the patients who use reminders take more than four pills a day. 48.2% of the patients stopped medications without consulting their doctors, where 20.9% stopped one medication for less than a month. 57.5% forgot to take drug doses in a year, with a mean of 8.55 ± 26.3 forgotten doses. Females, patients aging between 31 and 45 years old, obese, married, illiterate, self-employed, those who follow with military hospitals, exercising regularly, and ex-smoker all showed a higher incidence of noncompliance to medications. The main reason for noncompliance was forgetfulness in 60% of patients. 63.2% of the patients did not have a GP to help them with medications compliance.

Conclusion:
The compliance of Saudi patients toward their chronic medications requires improvement. Similar studies in other areas in Saudi Arabia are recommended.
Cost analyses of hospital admissions among the elderly seeking care at a rural tertiary care hospital, South India
Authors: Tripathi Ruchi R. , Reddy Mahendra M. , Bhattacharyya Ananta 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
In a developing country like India, a proportionately higher number of elderly people live in the rural areas and many of them are financially challenged. Hospitalization and consequent cost thereto pose a heavy burden especially for the elderly.

Objective:
Among elderly in.patients at a tertiary care rural hospital to estimate the average number of episodes of hospitalizations, duration of stay in the hospital, and the direct and indirect costs associated with hospitalizations with 1 year as a reference period.

Materials and Methods:
A structured pre.tested questionnaire was used to capture the details regarding hospitalizations and the costs involved and also the hospital records were verified for the current hospital admission to finally arrive at the direct and indirect costs calculations. Quantitative details like age, episodes of hospitalization in the last 1 year, duration of hospitalization, hospitalization costs, etc., were summarized as median (inter.quartile range [IQR]). Costing analyses were noted separately as direct, indirect, and total costs and expressed in Indian National Rupees (INR).

Results:
The total number of episodes of hospitalization among the 150 study participants was 204 with a mean of 1.36 episodes per person in 1-year duration. The average total cost per episode of hospitalization was found to be INR 11,249 while the average total cost per person per day was INR 1,670.30. The median (IQR) direct and indirect costs were INR 6,222 (3,060-12,670) and INR 690 (200-700), respectively.

Conclusion:
Duration, as well as cost of hospitalization, has been found to be more among females in most age groups among elderly in.patients.
APLICAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR (CDC) EM UM COMÉRCIO VAREJISTA - ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Santos Valdemar Dias dos 
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a aplicação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC) nos negócios realizados junto aos clientes de uma empresa varejista, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso. O trabalho se apresenta de forma acessível às questões mais relevantes sobre a evolução do direito do consumidor e a necessidade da empresa em estudo em praticar um atendimento de qualidade junto aos clientes. Para tanto, buscou-se informações no CDC e com clientes da empresa, para identificar o cumprimento desta exigência legal. Os resultados concluem-se que a empresa atende as exigências legais do CDC, se enquadrando como uma empresa que transmite confiabilidade junto aos seus clientes.