bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation complications in obese and diabetic patients: Insights from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005–2013
Authors: D'Souza Shawn , Elshazly Mohamed B. , Dargham Soha R. , Donnellan Eoin , Asaad Nidal , Hayat Sajjad , Kanj Mohamed , Baranowski Brian , Wazni Oussama , Saliba Walid , Abi Khalil Charbel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity and diabetes are risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence and recurrence after catheter ablation. However, their impact on post‐ablation complications in real‐world practice is unknown.ObjectivesWe examine annual trends in AF ablations and procedural outcomes in obese and diabetic patients in the US and whether obesity and diabetes are independently associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2005–2013), we identified obese and diabetic patients admitted for AF ablation. Common complications were identified using ICD‐9‐CM codes. The primary outcome included the composite of any in‐hospital complication or death. Annual trends of the primary outcome, length‐of‐stay (LOS) and total‐inflation adjusted hospital charges were examined. Multivariate analyses studied the association of obesity and diabetes with outcomes.ResultsAn estimated 106 462 AF ablations were performed in the US from 2005 to 2013. Annual trends revealed a gradual increase in ablations performed in obese and diabetic patients and in complication rates. The overall rate of the primary outcome in obese was 11.7% versus 8.2% in non‐obese and 10.7% in diabetic versus 8.2% in non‐diabetic patients (p < .001).ConclusionsObesity was independently associated with increased complications (adjusted OR, 95% CI:1.39, 1.20–1.62), longer LOS (1.36, 1.23–1.49), and higher charges (1.16, 1.12–1.19). Diabetes was only associated with longer LOS (1.27, 1.16–1.38). Obesity, but not diabetes, in patients undergoing AF ablation is an independent risk factor for immediate post‐ablation complications and higher costs. Future studies should investigate whether weight loss prior to ablation reduces complications and costs.
Synthesis of L‐[5‐11C]Leucine and L‐α‐[5‐11C]Methylleucine via Pd0‐mediated 11C‐Methylation and Microfluidic Hydrogenation: Potentiality of Leucine PET Probes for Tumor Imaging
Authors: Takatani Shuhei , Tahara Tsuyoshi , Tsuji Mieko , Ozaki Daiki , Shibata Nina , Hashizume Yoshinobu , Suzuki Masaaki , Onoe Hirotaka , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Doi Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of L‐[5‐11C]leucine and L‐α‐[5‐11C]methylleucine has been investigated using a continuous two‐step sequence of rapid reactions consisting of Pd0‐mediated 11C‐methylation and microfluidic hydrogenation. The synthesis of L‐[5‐11C]leucine and L‐α‐[5‐11C]methylleucine was accomplished within 40 min with a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 15–38 % based on [11C]CH3I, radiochemical purity of 95–99 %, and chemical purity of 95–99 %. The Pd impurities in the injectable solution measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry met the international criteria for human use. Positron emission tomography scanning after an intravenous injection of L‐[5‐11C]leucine or L‐α‐[5‐11C]methyl leucine in A431 tumor‐bearing mice was performed. As a result, L‐α‐[5‐11C]methylleucine was found to be a potentially useful probe for visualizing the tumor. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the accumulation value of L‐α‐[5‐11C]methylleucine in tumor tissue was high [12±3% injected dose/g tissue (%ID/g)].
User defined weight based budget and deadline constrained workflow scheduling in cloud
Authors: Gupta Swati , Singh Ravi S. , Vasant Umare D. , Saxena Vijit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCloud computing is a technology that is being used by scientists for the execution of huge scale workflows as it has various features such as availability, faster, cheaper, elasticity, and high accessibility. In addition, the users are charged on a pay per use basis which makes it more efficient to be used by various clients. Scheduling workflows in the cloud is a difficult task as it takes into account the dependencies of workflows along with quality of service (QoS) demands. The problem becomes more challenging when there are multiple QoS objectives which are often disagreeing to each other. A lot of research has been done to minimize makespan and execution cost under deadline and budget constraints. This article presents a workflow scheduling algorithm based on Jaya to minimize them both and returns solutions according to the weights a user gives. The algorithm has been compared with Min‐Min, Max‐Min, Round Robin, heterogeneous earliest finish time first, first come first serve, minimum completion time, dynamic heterogeneous earliest finish time first in WorkflowSim. The results are compared based on both cost and time. In the end, a trade‐off between the objectives has been shown. Results show that Jaya performs much better than other algorithms when averaged over several iterations.
Ether‐Functionalized Pyrrolidinium‐Based Room Temperature Ionic Liquids: Physicochemical Properties, Molecular Dynamics, and the Lithium Ion Coordination Environment
Authors: Yoshii Kazuki , Uto Takuya , Onishi Takakazu , Kosuga Daichi , Tachikawa Naoki , Katayama Yasushi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA−) combined with 1‐hexyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1,6+), 1‐(butoxymethyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1,1O4+), 1‐(4‐methoxybutyl)‐1‐methyl pyrrolidinium (Pyr1,4O1+), and 1‐((2‐methoxyethoxy)methyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1,1O2O1+) were investigated using both experimental and computational approaches. Pyr1,1O2O1TFSA, which contains two ether oxygen atoms, showed the lowest viscosity, and the relationship between its physicochemical properties and the position and number of the ether oxygen atoms was discussed by a careful comparison with Pyr1,1O4TFSA and Pyr1,4O1TFSA. Ab initio calculations revealed the conformational flexibility of the side chain containing the ether oxygen atoms. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations suggested that the ion distributions have a significant impact on the transport properties. Furthermore, the coordination environments of the Li ions in the RTILs were evaluated using Raman spectroscopy, which was supported by MD calculations using 1000 ion pairs. The presented results will be valuable for the design of functionalized RTILs for various applications.
Detecting Förster resonance energy transfer in living cells by conventional and spectral flow cytometry
Authors: Henderson Jared , Havranek Ondrej , Ma Man Chun John , Herman Vaclav , Kupcova Kristyna , Chrbolkova Tereza , Pacheco‐Blanco Mariana , Wang Zhiqiang , Comer Justin M. , Zal Tomasz , Davis Richard Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAssays based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be used to study many processes in cell biology. Although this is most often done with microscopy for fluorescence detection, we report two ways to measure FRET in living cells by flow cytometry. Using a conventional flow cytometer and the “3‐cube method” for intensity‐based calculation of FRET efficiency, we measured the enzymatic activity of specific kinases in cells expressing a genetically‐encoded reporter. For both AKT and protein kinase A, the method measured kinase activity in time‐course, dose–response, and kinetic assays. Using the Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer, which applies linear unmixing to emission measured in multiple wavelength ranges, FRET from the same reporters was measured with greater single‐cell precision, in real time and in the presence of other fluorophores. Results from gene‐knockout studies suggested that spectral flow cytometry might enable the sorting of cells on the basis of FRET. The methods we present provide convenient and flexible options for using FRET with flow cytometry in studies of cell biology.
A cross‐standardized flow cytometry platform to assess phenotypic stability in precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) xenografts
Authors: Rolf Nina , Liu Lorraine Y. T. , Tsang Angela , Lange Philipp F. , Lim Chinten James , Maxwell Christopher A. , Vercauteren Suzanne M. , Reid Gregor S. D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the continued poor outcome of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), new patient‐specific approaches for disease progression monitoring and therapeutic intervention are urgently needed. Patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) of primary ALL in immune‐deficient mice have become a powerful tool for studying leukemia biology and therapy response. In PDX mice, the immunophenotype of the patient's leukemia is commonly believed to be stably propagated. In patients, however, the surface marker expression profile of the leukemic population often displays poorly understood immunophenotypic shifts during chemotherapy and ALL progression. We therefore developed a translational flow cytometry platform to study whether the patient‐specific immunophenotype is faithfully recapitulated in PDX mice. To enable valid assessment of immunophenotypic stability and subpopulation complexity of the patient's leukemia after xenotransplantation, we comprehensively immunophenotyped diagnostic B‐ALL from children and their matched PDX using identical, clinically standardized flow protocols and instrument settings. This cross‐standardized approach ensured longitudinal stability and cross‐platform comparability of marker expression intensity at high phenotyping depth. This analysis revealed readily detectable changes to the patient leukemia‐associated immunophenotype (LAIP) after xenotransplantation. To further investigate the mechanism underlying these complex immunophenotypic shifts, we applied an integrated analytical approach that combined clinical phenotyping depth and high analytical sensitivity with unbiased high‐dimensional algorithm‐based analysis. This high‐resolution analysis revealed that xenotransplantation achieves patient‐specific propagation of phenotypically stable B‐ALL subpopulations and that the immunophenotypic shifts observed at the level of bulk leukemia were consistent with changes in underlying subpopulation abundance. By incorporating the immunophenotypic complexity of leukemic populations, this novel cross‐standardized analytical platform could greatly expand the utility of PDX for investigating ALL progression biology and assessing therapies directed at eliminating relapse‐driving leukemic subpopulations.
Multiple co‐occurrent alien invaders constrain aquatic biodiversity in rivers
Authors: Guareschi Simone , Laini Alex , England Judy , Barrett Jon , Wood Paul J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA greater understanding and effective management of biological invasions is a priority for biodiversity conservation globally. Many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing the colonization and spread of multiple co‐occurrent alien species. Here the implications of both the relative abundance and richness of alien invaders on aquatic macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional richness, ecosystem quality, and functional redundancy are assessed using long‐term data from rivers in England. Based on the most common aquatic invaders, results indicated that their richness, rather than abundance, was the most important factor negatively affecting aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity. However, the response of functional redundancy was negatively affected by invader abundance at the river basin scale. The response of communities varied as the number of invading taxa increased, with the most marked reductions following the colonization of the first few invaders. Results indicate that different facets of multiple biological invasions influence distinct aspects of aquatic biodiversity. Preventing the establishment of new invaders and limiting invader taxa richness within a community should therefore be a conservation priority. These findings will assist river scientists in understanding mechanisms driving changes in biodiversity and facilitate the testing of ecological theories while also ensuring environmental managers and regulators can prioritize conservation / management opportunities.
Fine‐scale movements and behaviors of coyotes (Canis latrans) during their reproductive period
Authors: Chamberlain Michael J. , Cohen Bradley S. , Wightman Patrick H. , Rushton Emily , Hinton Joseph W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn canids, resident breeders hold territories but require different resources than transient individuals (i.e., dispersers), which may result in differential use of space, land cover, and food by residents and transients. In the southeastern United States, coyote (Canis latrans) reproduction occurs during spring and is energetically demanding for residents, but transients do not reproduce and therefore can exhibit feeding behaviors with lower energetic rewards. Hence, how coyotes behave in their environment likely differs between resident and transient coyotes. We captured and monitored 36 coyotes in Georgia during 2018–2019 and used data from 11 resident breeders, 12 predispersing residents (i.e., offspring of resident breeders), and 11 transients to determine space use, movements, and relationships between these behaviors and landcover characteristics. Average home range size for resident breeders and predispersing offspring was 20.7 ± 2.5 km² and 50.7 ± 10.0 km², respectively. Average size of transient ranges was 241.4 ± 114.5 km². Daily distance moved was 6.3 ± 3.0 km for resident males, 5.5 ± 2.7 km for resident females, and 6.9 ± 4.2 km for transients. We estimated first‐passage time values to assess the scale at which coyotes respond to their environment, and used behavioral change‐point analysis to determine that coyotes exhibited three behavioral states. We found notable differences between resident and transient coyotes in regard to how landcover characteristics influenced their behavioral states. Resident coyotes tended to select for areas with denser vegetation while resting and foraging, but for areas with less dense vegetation and canopy cover when walking. Transient coyotes selected areas closer to roads and with lower canopy cover while resting, but for areas farther from roads when foraging and walking. Our findings suggest that behaviors of both resident and transient coyotes are influenced by varying landcover characteristics, which could have implications for prey.
COVID‐19 in a country with a very high prevalence of diabetes: The impact of admission hyperglycaemia on mortality
Authors: Martínez‐Murillo Carlos , Ramos Peñafiel Christian , Basurto Lourdes , Balcázar‐Hernández Lourdes , Pellón Karen , Flores López Eder , Li Gómez Beatriz , Ledesma Mercedes Estefania , Rivera Tapia Rodrigo , Madera Maldonado Elizabeth , Bejarano Rosales Monica , Barranco Lampon Gilberto , Zazueta Juan Francisco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the frequency of diabetes and admission hyperglycaemia in Mexican COVID‐19 patients, to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with admission hyperglycaemia and to determinate the impact of diabetes and admission hyperglycaemia on COVID‐19 severity and mortality.MethodsA multicentric study was performed in 480 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were evaluated in patients with admission hyperglycaemia and compared with non‐hyperglycaemic patients. The effect of diabetes and admission hyperglycaemia on severity and risk of death were evaluated.ResultsAge was 50.7 ± 13.6 years; 68.3% were male. Some 48.5% (n = 233) had admission hyperglycaemia; 29% (n = 139) of these patients had pre‐existing diabetes. Patients with admission hyperglycaemia had more requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), higher levels of urea, D‐dimer and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as well as lower lymphocyte count. An association between admission hyperglycaemia with IMV and D‐dimer with glucose was found. Age ≥50 years (OR 2.09; 95%CI 1.37–3.17), pre‐existing diabetes (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.59–5.04) and admission hyperglycaemia (OR 8.24; 95%CI 4.74–14.32) were risk factors for mortality.ConclusionsAdmission hyperglycaemia is presented in 48.5% of COVID‐19 patients. Diabetes and admission hyperglycaemia are associated with the severity of disease and mortality. This study shows the devastating conjunction of hyperglycaemia and COVID‐19.Clinical trial registration: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID‐19, DI/20/204/04/41 (Hospital General de Mexico) and NR‐13‐2020 (Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca).
Utilization of Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Complexes Featuring a Dinitrophenylsulfonamide Moiety as Biothiol‐Selective Phosphorogenic Bioimaging Reagents and Photocytotoxic Agents
Authors: Xu Guang‐Xi , Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Kwok Cyrus Wing‐Ching , Leung Peter Kam‐Keung , Zhu Jing‐Hui , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report herein a series of rhenium(I) polypyridine complexes featuring a 2,4‐dinitrophenylsulfonamide (DNPS) unit as phosphorogenic bioimaging reagents and photocytotoxic agents. The biothiol‐selective rhenium(I) polypyridine complexes [Re(N^N)(CO)3(py‐DNPS)](CF3SO3) (py‐DNPS=3‐((2,4‐dinitrophenylsulfonyl)aminomethyl)pyridine) and their DNPS‐free counterparts [Re(N^N)(CO)3(pyridine)](CF3SO3) were synthesized and characterized. Upon photoexcitation, the DNPS complexes exhibited very weak luminescence as a result of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited rhenium(I) diimine moiety to the DNPS quenching unit. However, upon treatment with glutathione (GSH), the DNPS moiety was removed, resulting in emission enhancement of the solutions (I/Io=12.6–22.2). After reaction of the DNPS complexes with GSH in living cells, intense intracellular emission and potent photocytotoxicity were both observed. Additionally, the modification of the diimine ligand with a tosylamide unit conferred on the complexes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeting ability, which can be exploited for selective bioimaging and photocytotoxic applications.
Preparation of Cobalt Nanoparticles
Authors: Khusnuriyalova Aliya F. , Caporali Maria , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Sinyashin Oleg G. , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of modern chemistry is currently proceeding in several priority areas including investigations focused on the synthesis, stabilisation, and application of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs), which are widely used in physical, chemical, engineering, and biomedical processes. A special place among known transition metal NPs is occupied by cobalt nanoparticles, since they are used for highly important targets, such as creation of new catalysts, magnetic devices, composites, or carriers for drug delivery. The selective preparation of NPs is a difficult task that requires special conditions and has some limitations. In this minireview, we summarise the most successful and most efficient methods for obtaining Co NPs, including chemical and physical aspects of their preparation.
Synthesis, Structures and Magnetic Properties of two Heteroleptic Dy3+ Borohydride Complexes
Authors: Long Jérôme , Selikhov Alexander N. , Rad'kova Natalia Yu. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Trifonov Alexander A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of two Dy3+ heteroleptic complexes [Dy(BH4)2(THF)5][BPh4] (1) and [Dy(BH4)2(tBu4Carb)(THF)] (2) (tBu4Carb=1,3,6,8‐tetra‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazole). Both complexes show a κ3‐coordination mode of the borohydride anion but distinct geometries. Whereas the cationic complex 1 does not exhibit a slow relaxation of the magnetization, the neutral complex 2 behaves as a field‐induced single‐molecule magnet.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Heterocycles through Base Metal‐Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative and Borrowing Hydrogen Approach
Authors: Mondal Avijit , Sharma Rahul , Pal Debjyoti , Srimani Dipankar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopment in the area of acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) and borrowing hydrogen (BH) catalysis emerge as one of the potential tools for various C−C and C‐heteroatom bond forming reactions. Alcohols, which are important lignocellulosic biomass products, act as pivotal electrophilic coupling partners in such processes and interestingly only H2 or H2O is eliminated as a byproduct. Initially, the area was developed by the use of noble metal catalysts. Recently, base metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni proved to be environmentally benign and inexpensive alternatives for the noble metals in the application of AD and BH methods. This transition metal catalyzed AD and BH approaches also allow access toward a plethora of structurally important heterocyclic molecules via environmentally benign and atom economical strategy. Herein, we summarize the current and rising expansion of base metal catalyzed heterocycles synthesis through acceptorless dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogenation strategy.
Save water and energy: A techno‐economic analysis of a floating solar photovoltaic system to power a water integration project in the Brazilian semiarid
Authors: da Costa Luana Carolina Alves , da Silva Gardenio Diogo Pimentel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes the use of a floating solar photovoltaic (FSPV) power plant as an alternative renewable energy resource for the San Francisco River Integration Project (SFIP), which aims to deliver water to 12 million people in the Brazilian semiarid. The SFIP requires considerable amounts of energy in a region that has had increasing electricity costs and consumption of water in the past decade. By simulating an FSPV power plant at the System Advisor Model (SAM) using techniques and parameters of real FSPV projects, the results demonstrated the techno‐economic feasibility of this technology linked to the SFIP. The economic outcomes are positive net present value (NPV), $2.8 million, and a payback varying from 10.5 to 11.7 years. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of $32.17/MWh is smaller than the current energy rates paid by the SFIP administrator, and the water costs to final consumers could be reduced by 40%. In addition, the FSPV's capacity factor was 21.1%, and the system could minimize water evaporation from one of the SFIP's reservoirs by 16.7%. The system can also create revenues for the San Francisco and Parnaiba Valleys Development Company (CODEVASF) by trading the excess of electricity with the grid. This paper also analyses the FSPV's environmental impacts and its relevance under the water–energy nexus in the Brazilian Northeast. The FSPV could minimize the SFIP's operational costs, avoid environmental impacts, and improve the efficiency of water and energy management. Such components are crucial when analyzing the water–energy nexus in such a region, marked by strong competition for water access and long periods of drought.
Space degradation of triple junction solar cells at low temperatures: II‐electron irradiation
Authors: Park Seonyong , Cavani Olivier , Lefèvre Jérémie , Baur Carsten , Khorenko Victor , Boizot Bruno 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe investigated the behavior of electron‐irradiated 3G28 InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells and their component (top, middle and bottom) cells at low temperatures from 100 to 300 K and low illumination intensity. Significant degradation of their performances has been observed. We found that it is induced by an excess current associated with tunneling due to the presence of the radiation‐induced defects introduced in the junctions of each sub‐cell. The amount of tunneling current, hence of the effect of degradation, is significantly higher in the bottom sub‐cell than in the top and middle sub‐cells. This particular cell is formed by diffusion of group V atoms into p‐Ge substrate, which leads to relatively inhomogeneous doping profile and thus tunneling current distribution compared to well controlled top and middle sub‐cells deposited by epitaxy. The degradation associated with tunneling recovers significantly at 300 K in the bottom cell.