bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Mechanically Enhanced Hydroxyapatite Scaffold With the Assistance of Numerical Analysis
Authors: Abifarin Johnson Kehinde , Suleiman Muhammad Uhuotu , Abifarin Emmanuel Alaba , Fidelis Fredah Batale , Oyelakin Opeyemi Kolawole , Jacob David Ifeakachukwu , Abdulrahim Moshood Yemi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been found to be incompetent as it relates to its mechanical integrity, which somewhat restricts its use for load bearing clinical applications. In this study, synthesis and Taguchi grey relational analysis were conducted in the fabrication of mechanically enhanced HAp scaffold for load bearing application. The XRD and FTIR of raw cow bones (RB) and HAp sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 oC show calcium phosphate contents of the bulk materials. It was also observed that increase in sintering temperature made prominent characteristic peaks of HAp phase to become narrower on the XRD patterns. Taguchi design analysis on the individual hardness and compressive strength revealed 1100 oC as the optimal sintering temperature, but a disparity in compaction load displaying 5 KN for high hardness and 15 K for high compressive strength. Conversely, Taguchi-grey relational analysis gave a common optimal processing parameter levels for high hardness and compressive strength to produce mechanically enhanced HAp scaffold, and are 1100 oC sintering temperature and 5 KN compaction load. Significantly, this study revealed that compaction load has a very high percentage of contribution of 90.15% compared to sintering temperature having a contribution of 7.79%. Confirmation analysis also proved that the experimental grey relational grade of 0.7824 is within 95% confidence interval.
A High Index of Malaria Suspicion is Necessary for Febrile Episodes in Travellers and Migrants Coming from Endemic Areas
Authors: de Morales Alejandro Garcia-Ruiz , Morcate Covadonga , Isaba-Ares Elena , Perez-Tanoira Ramon , Perez-Molina Jose A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to analyse the likelihood of imported malaria in people with a suggestive clinical picture and its distinctive characteristics in a hospital in the south of Madrid, Spain.Methods: This retrospective study consisted of a review of all medical files of patients with any malaria test registered at Móstoles University Hospital between April 2013 and April 2018. All suspected malaria cases were confirmed by Plasmodium spp. polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Of the 328 patients with suspected malaria (53.7% migrant-travellers; 38.7% visitors; 7.6% travellers), 108 cases were confirmed (101 by P. falciparum), accounting for a 33% positive sample rate. Sixteen cases were diagnosed only by PCR. Patients with malaria, compared to those without, presented predominantly with fever (84% vs 65%), were older (34 vs 24 years), sought medical attention earlier (17d vs 32d), had a greater number of previous malaria episodes (74% vs 60%), lower levels of platelets (110,500µL vs 250,000µL), and higher of bilirubin (0.6mg/dL vs 0.5mg/dL). Severe malaria was present in 13 cases; no deaths were recorded. Malaria diagnosis showed a bimodal distribution with two peaks: June to September and November to January. Conclusion: Malaria is still a common diagnosis among febrile patients coming from the tropics specially among migrant travellers. Fever, thrombocytopenia, and/or high bilirubin levels should raise suspicion for this parasitosis. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to avoid severe cases and deaths. We suggest a proportion around 30% of positive samples as a potential adequate index of suspicion for malaria diagnosis.
Fungal Infections Lead to Shifts in Thermal Tolerance and Voluntary Exposure to Extreme Temperatures in Both Prey and Predator Insects
Authors: Porras Mitzy F. , Agudelo-Cantero Gustavo A. , Santiago Geovanni , Navas Carlos A. , Loeschcke Volker , Sørensen Jesper G. , Rajotte Edwin G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pathogens can alter the thermal tolerances of insects; these changes can have cascading impacts across trophic levels in terrestrial food webs. However, the effects of fungal infections on thermal tolerances and behavioral responses to extreme temperatures (ET) across trophic levels have rarely been studied. We examined how a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, affects the thermal physiology and behavior of an herbivorous insect, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and a predator beetle, Hippodamia convergens. We compared thermal tolerance limits (CTMin and CTMax), thermal boldness (voluntary exposure to ET), energetic cost (ATP) posed by each response (thermal tolerance and boldness) between healthy and infected insects with two fungal loads. Results showed that fungal infection reduced upper thermal tolerance (CTMax) of aphids and beetles, as well as lower thermal tolerance (CTMin) of beetles. CTMin of aphids was not altered by infection. Healthy aphids and beetles crossed warm ET zones (ETZ). Fungal infection modified the tendency, or boldness, of aphids and predator beetles to either cross warm or cold ETZ. ATP levels increased with pathogen infection in insect species, and the highest ATP levels were found in individuals that crossed cold ETZ. Fungal infection narrows the thermal tolerance range and inhibited thermal boldness behaviors to cross ET which may have implications for predator-pay interactions, food web structures, and species distributions. As environmental temperature rises, response to thermal stress will be asymmetric among members of a food web at different trophic levels.
The Molecular Mechanisms of Suanzaoren Prescription for Anti-Anxiety Were Investigated Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Bao Xiaohong , Ye Tianyuan , Wang Xiaolong , Han Lu , Wang Tongxing , Qi Dongmei , Wang Xin , Cheng Xiaorui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anxiety is a common, universal disease caused by psychological and environmental factors. There are medications available to treat anxiety disorders, but these are accompanied by problems such as addiction and withdrawal difficulties. Suanzaoren Prescription (SZRP) is often used to treat anxiety disorders in traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice. However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. This work aims to identify potential core therapeutic targets and predict major bioactive compounds by means of network pharmacology, screen compounds that may bind to anxiety targets by molecular docking methods, and validate and evaluate possible therapeutic mechanisms of compounds for anxiety in vitro cell experiments. Datebase TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, ETCM, TCMGeneDIT and TCMID was used to obtain SZRP compounds, while TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM and ETCM were used to obtain target of compounds. The targets of anxiety disorders were obtained through database TTD, OMIM, PharmgKB, CTD, DrugBank and Metacore. The network diagram is drawn by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and STRING. Biological process and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted by MetaCore and NIMNT. AutoDock Vina software was used to conduct molecular docking. The calcium Flux assay was employed to detect the activation of compounds on CNR1 in cell line CHO-K1/CNR1/Gα15. The 545 compounds in SZRP were collected. We found there were 1050 potential targets of these compounds in SZRP which involved in brain disease, mood disorder, endocrine system disease, bipolar disorder, etc. There were 117 potential targets of SZRP against anxiety (such as DRD2, BDNF, COMT, SLC6A4, HTR1A, etc.), which played the roles in regulation of membrane potential and synaptic transmission, nicotine addiction, retinol metabolism, GABAergic and serotonergic synapse, etc. The results of molecular docking indicated there were the biggest affinity between Jujuboside B and DRD2, BDNF, COMT, SLC6A4, Anemarsaponin B_qt and HTR1A, n-methylasimilobine and MAPK3. Based on cell CHO-K1/CNR1/Gα15 and calcium flux technique, we found Chrysophanol, Kaempferol and Emodin have activation effects on CNR1 with EC50 138.3µM, 52.28µM and 56.86µM respectively. These results indicated that the effects of SZRP against anxiety were correlated with synaptic transmission, substance addiction and retinol metabolism, especially targeted on CNR1. It suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of SZRP treating anxiety might be due to the weak action of multiple compounds on multiple pathways and biological processes.
In vivo metabolomic study uncovers distinct metabolic phenotypes of host tissues and predicts oxidative state of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cognet Guillaume , Stuani Lucille , Farge Thomas , Gotanègre Mathilde , Heuillet Maud , Gales Lara , Rocher Amandine , Lager-Lachaud Nina , Bosc Claudie , Sabatier Marie , Saland Estelle , Sahal Ambrine , Poillet-Perez Laura , Vergez Francois , de Mas Véronique , Récher Christian , Portais Jean-Charles , Bellvert Floriant , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Metabolic adaptation is a hallmark of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Tumor microenvironment is also described as an essential support of leukemic metabolism. We explored how systemic and tissue metabolism was rewired in leukemia-bearing mice and upon chemotherapy.
Methods

Using AML cell line- and primary patient-derived xenograft models, we developed in vivo metabolomics to uncover the metabolic pattern of 10 tissues including plasma, bone marrow, spleen, liver, adipose tissue, lung, pancreas, kidney, heart and muscle.
Results

In vivo targeted mass spectrometry allowed metabolic characterization of tissues from naïve and AML-xenografted immunocompromised mice. AML xenotransplantation and cytarabine treatment induced AML cell type-dependent global changes in tissue metabolomes. Infiltration of high OxPHOS MOLM14 cells that are intrinsically chemoresistant, induced minor changes in tissue metabolomes. In contrast, low OxPHOS U937 xenograft led to major reprogramming of metabolic tissue niches for survival upon chemotherapy. Interestingly, plasma metabolite signatures could predict the oxidative phenotype of leukemic cells.
Conclusion

Major metabolic changes in host tissues play a crucial role in tumor xenotransplantation and define their OxPHOS state in AML. Since mitochondrial phenotype is an essential determinant of drug response in AML, plasma metabolite signatures might be novel biomarkers for patient stratification.
Development and Validation of a New Risk Scoring System for Cancer Patients with Suspected Infection
Authors: Chae Bora , Kim Seonok , Lee Yoon-Seon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to develop a new prognostic model for predicting 30-day mortality in cancer patients with suspected infection.Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study and was conducted from August 2019 to December 2019 at a single center. Adult active cancer patients with suspected infection were enrolled among visitors to the emergency room (ER). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors for a new model. Results: A total of 899 patients were included; 450 in the development cohort and 449 in the validation cohort. Six independent variables predicted 30-day mortality: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), creatinine, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate. The C-statistic of the new scoring system was 0.799 in the development cohort and 0.793 in the validation cohort. The C-statistics in the development cohort was significantly higher than those of SOFA [0.723 (95% CI: 0.663–0.783)], qSOFA [0.596 (95% CI: 0.537–0.655)], and SIRS [0.547 (95% CI: 0.483–0.612)]. Conclusions: The discriminative capability of the new cancer-specific risk scoring system was good in cancer patients with suspected infection. The new scoring system was superior to SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS in predicting mortality.
LATS1 Knockdown with SiRNA Induces Pyroptosis via the Activation of TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Gao Shuting , Chi Ming , Jiang Xuefeng , Liu Nanqi , Liu Chang , Yang Zhe , Yang Yi , Wu yanju , Sun Xun , Yin Bo , Meng Xin , Wang Biao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Traditionally, it is believed that large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) is a negative regulator of oncogene. But the latest research showed that LATS1 has an opposite effect in some tumors. We found that LATS1 has a cancer-promoting effect in BLCA, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Methods: RNAi method was used for the related genetic functional analysis. CCK-8 method and colony formation assay were used to explore the cellular viabilities and proliferation of BLCA cells transfected with LATS1 siRNAs (si-LATS1), in vitro. Flow Cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the cell cycle and cellular apoptosis of the BLCA cells or the expression of CD68, CD86, CD11b, and CD163 in PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from the si-LATS1 cells or in the THP-1 macrophages cultured directly with BLCA cells. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-2/4/6/10/18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the BLCA cells. Western Blot was performed to detect the expressions of LATS1, Yap1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-1/3, GSDMD, TNF-α IL-1β, IL-18, NF-κB, AIM2, NLRC4 and NLRP3 in the BLCA cell lines. For in vivo experiments, a xenograft model was used to investigate the inhibitory effects of LATS1 knockdown on BLCA cells in nude mice.Results: LATS1 knockdown via siRNA inhibited the proliferation of the BLCA cells, neither changing cell cycle distribution nor inducing apoptosis. Via further analysis, we found that the expressions of TNF-α, p-NF-κB/RelA, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 in si-LATS1 BLCA cells were significantly increased. The activity of caspase-1 and the expressions of IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were obviously increased in the si-LATS1 BLCA cells, which was restored by the addition of NF-κB inhibitor PS341. In the LATS1 over-expression cells (OE-LATS1), the expressions of TNF-α, p-NF-κB/p65, NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 were notably inhibited, and the expressions of IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were significantly decreased. THP-1 macrophages exhibited an M1 phenotype polarization in the presence of si-LATS1 BUC-87 cell supernatant or when cocultured with the BLCA cells transfected with LATS1 siRNA, represented by an increase in the surface expression of CD86. Furthermore, we observed that LATS1 knockdown inhibited the cell proliferation in xenograft model. Conclusion: Our findings showed that LATS1 knockdown via siRNA induces BLCA cell pyrolysis due to the enhanced formation of inflammasomes by activation of TNF-α/NF-κB pathway; and inflammatory factors released by the pyrolytic cells promote M1 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro, providing a therapeutic target for BLCA and a brand-new idea for the development of BLCA immunotherapy drugs.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Marafivirus Infecting Pearl Millet in Burkina Faso
Authors: Palanga Essowè , Tibiri Ezechiel Bionimian , Bangratz Martine , Filloux Denis , Julian Charlotte , Pinel-Galzi Agnès , Koala Moustapha , Néya James Bouma , Brugidou Christophe , Tiendrébéogo Fidèle , Roumagnac Philippe , Hébrard Eugénie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a staple food that is widely cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa. In August 2018, a survey was conducted in the main producing regions of Burkina Faso and leaf samples were analyzed using virion-associated nucleic acid (VANA)-based metagenomic approach and Illumina sequencing. A new virus, tentatively named “pennisetum glaucum marafivirus” (PGMV), was detected and its complete nucleotide sequence of 6364 nucleotides was determined. The sequence contains a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 224.2 kDa with five domains (methyltransferase, papain-like protease, helicase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coat proteins), typical of members of the marafiviruses. Additionally, a characteristic conserved marafibox domain was detected in the genome. The nucleotide sequence of the PGMV complete genome shares 68.5% identity with Sorghum bicolor marafivirus and its coat protein shares 58.5% identity with Oat blue dwarf virus. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the pearl millet virus is unambiguously grouped with members of the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae. This is the first report on the occurrence of a marafivirus on pearl millet.
IL-1β Primed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Alleviate Chronic Prostatitis/chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Through Systemic Immunity
Authors: Liu Hanchao , Zhu Xinning , Chi Ani , Dai Jian , Wang Zhenqing , Deng Chunhua , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) seriously affects patient health. Despite the elusiveness of innate therapeutic effects, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise for inflammation-related diseases. Recent evidence indicates that disease-specific inflammatory cytokines could enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs.Methods: By establishing a CP/CPPS mouse model and pretreating MSCs with the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), we studied the IL-1β-primed MSC immunoregulatory ability and targeted migration ability in vitro and in CP/CPPS mice.Results: IL-1β levels significantly increased in the prostate tissue and serum of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice. Pretreatment with IL-1β enhanced the immunomodulatory potential and targeted migration of MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, intravenous infusion of IL-1β-primed MSCs dampened inflammation in prostate tissues and alleviated hyperalgesia in EAP mice. The infused MSCs inhibited monocyte infiltration and promoted regulatory T lymphocyte formation in prostate tissue, thus remodeling the local environment. Surprisingly, IL-1β-primed MSCs exhibited improved accumulation in the spleen but not in prostate tissue. Accordingly, infused MSCs reshaped systemic immunity by reducing the proportion of Ly6ChighCD11b+ monocytes and boosting the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in the spleen and lung. Inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) decreased through the downregulation of the NF-κB and JNK/MAPK pathways by inflammatory resolution via MSCs infusion to alleviate pain.Conclusion: In summary, IL-1β primed MSCs restored systemic immunologic homeostasis to alleviate CP/CPPS by modulating systemic immunity. These findings provide a novel strategy to boost the therapeutic effects of MSC-based therapy for CP/CPPS and reveal the essential role of systematic immunity in the treatment of CP/CPPS with MSC infusion.
Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine Versus Artemether-lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Among Children in Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Assefa Dawit Getachew , Yesmaw Gizachew , Makonnen Eyasu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives poses a threat to global effort in controlling malaria. Meanwhile the emergence of antimalarial resistance has become a great public health challenge and continues to be a leading threat to ongoing malaria control efforts. The aim of this review was to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared to artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria among children in Africa.Method: A systematic literature search was done to identify relevant articles from online databases PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Center for Clinical Trial database (CENTRAL) for retrieving randomized control trials comparing efficacy of DHA-PQ and AL for treatment of uncomplicated P.falciparum malaria in African children. The search was performed from August 2020 to 30 April 2021. Using Rev-Man software (V5.4.1), R-studio, and Comprehensive Meta-analysis software version 3, the extracted data from eligible studies were pooled as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Result: In this review, 25 studies which involved a total of 13,198 participants were included. PCR unadjusted treatment failure in children aged between 6 months and 15 years was significantly lower in DHA-PQ treatment arm on day 28 than that of AL (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.26; participants = 1302; studies = 4; I2 = 0%, high quality of evidence). Consistently, the PCR adjusted treatment failure was significantly lower with DHA-PQ treatment group on day 28 (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.68; participants = 8508; studies = 16; I2 = 51%, high quality of evidence) and on day 42 (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.78; participants = 5959; studies = 17; I2 = 0%, high quality of evidence). However, the efficacy was ≥95% in both treatment groups on day 28. Conclusion: From this review, it can be concluded that DHA-PQ reduces new infection and recrudescence on days 28 and 42 more than AL. This may trigger DHA–PQ to become the first-line treatment option.
Synthesize of Poly (Acrylamide-Co-Itaconic/TiO2) Nanocomposite for Ce(III) Sorption from Monazite Leachate
Authors: Dakrorury Gehan AbdelRahman , Maree Ragab mohasab , Shazly Ehab Abu El Soud Abdel Halim El , Allan Karam Fatwhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, Acrylamide (AAM), Itaconic acid (IA) and nano TiO2 were copolymerized using gamma irradiation with 60Co γ-rays at a dose of 25 KGy to form a novel nanocomposite; Poly(acrylamide-co-Itaconic acid/TiO2) (P(AAM-co-IA/TiO2)) for Ce(III) sorption from monazite leachate. P(AAM-co-IA/TiO2) nanocomposite is characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The optimum pH for the sorption process at 298 K is 6 and the equilibrium attained after 60 min. Different kinetics and isothermal models is applied. The monolayer adsorption capacity is 76.04 mgg-1 at 298 K. The sorption reaction follows a pseudo−2nd - order mechanism. The process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Comparison of Surface Wind Speed and Wind Speed Profiles in the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Xinchun Liu , yongde kang , Hongna Chen , Hui Lu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Near-surface (10 m) wind speed (NWS) plays a crucial role in many areas, including the hydrological cycle, wind energy production, and the dispersion of air pollution. Based on wind speed data from Tazhong and the northern margins of the Taklimakan Desert in Xiaotang in spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2014 and 2015, statistical methods were applied to determine the characteristics of the diurnal changes in wind speed near the ground and the differences in the wind speed profiles between the two sites. The average wind speed on a sunny day increased slowly with height during the day and rapidly at night. At heights below 4 m the wind speed during the day was higher than at night, whereas at 10 m the wind speed was lower during the day than at night. The semi-empirical theory and Monin-Obukhov (M-O) similarity theory were used to fit the NWS profile in the hinterland of the Tazhong Desert. A logarithmic law was applied to the neutral stratification wind speed profile, and an exponential fitting correlation was used for non-neutral stratification. The more unstable the stratification, the smaller the n. Using M-O similarity theory, the “linear to tens of” law was applied to the near-neutral stratification. According to the measured data, the distribution of with stability was obtained. The was obtained when the near-surface stratum was stable in the hinterland of Tazhong Desert and the was obtained when it was unstable. In summer, and were 5.84 and 15.1, respectively, while in winter, and were 1.9 and 27.1, respectively.