bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the European Drug Addiction Prevention Trial Questionnaire (EU-Dap) for substance use screening and to assess risk and protective factors among early adolescents in Chile
Authors: Ramírez Saray , Gana Sofía , Godoy María Inés , Valenzuela Daniela , Araya Ricardo , Gaete Jorge 
Published: October 2021

Background
Substance use is highly prevalent among Chilean adolescents, and the damage it causes at the neurobiological, psychological, and social levels is known. However, there are no validated screening instruments that also assess risk and protective factors for this population in Chile, which is essential for evaluating future prevention interventions.

Objective
To determine the psychometric properties of the European Drug Addiction Prevention Trial Questionnaire (EU-Dap) questionnaire.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 13 schools in the city of Santiago de Chile. The sample included 2261 adolescents ranging from 10 to 14 years old. Linguistic and cultural adaptation was assessed using focus groups with adolescents, the construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, and measures of its reliability were also determined. Furthermore, the associations regarding risk and protective factors with substance use were explored.

Results
Substance use questions were well understood and seemed to adequately capture the consumption of different drugs. Regarding the subscales of risk and protective factors, the analyses showed that most subscales had good psychometric properties, and few needed some degree of improvement (e.g., some items were removed). After the changes, most final subscales had good or adequate goodness of fit adjustments and good or acceptable internal consistency. Finally, the main associated factors with the substance use outcomes were: future substance use and school bonding for tobacco use; negative beliefs about alcohol, future substance use, school bonding and refusal skills for alcohol use; and negative beliefs about marihuana, positive attitudes towards drugs, risk perception, and substance abuse index for marihuana use. Normative beliefs increased the risk for all substances use.

Conclusions
The current findings suggest that the EU-Dap is a valid and reliable instrument, and it may help to evaluate the effectiveness of drug use prevention interventions.
Pengaruh Arah dan Tebal Irisan Rimpang Terhadap Rendemen Flavonoid, Berat Kering dan Performa Simplisia Umbi Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) Setelah Pengeringan
Authors: Ermawati Devi , Prihastanti Erma , Hastuti Endah Dwi 
Published: October 2021

Simplisia merupakan bahan alami sebagai bahan pembuatan obat yang belum mengalami pengolahan. Pengirisan merupakan salah satu tahap penting dalam pembuatan bahan simplisia untuk mempermudah dalam proses pengepakan, penyimpanan dan penggilingan. Pengirisan dapat dilakukan secara melintang atau membujur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh arah dan tebal irisan rimpang terhadap rendemen flavonoid, berat kering dan performa simplisia umbi garut (Maranta arundinaceaL.) setelah pengeringan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium BSF Tumbuhan UNDIP. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2X2 dengan perlakuan kombinasi ketebalan (3 mm dan 5 mm) dan arah irisan (membujur dan melintang). Parameter penelitian meliputi berat kering dan performa simplisia yang meliputi warna, kekerasan, dan aroma pada simplisia kering. Analisis data menggunakan Anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arah irisan berpengaruh terhadap berat kering simplisia, sedangkan interaksi antara tebal dan arah irisan tidak berpengaruh terhadap berat kering simplisia umbi garut. Arah irisan berpengaruh terhadap berat kering dan performa simplisia umbi garut, tebal irisan berpengaruh terhadap rendemen flavonoid. Crude simplisia is natural material for making medicine, which has not undergo processing, packing, drying and saving. Slicing is an important step in making medicine because in this process the loss of some parts could ease the process of packing and milling. Slicing could be done diagonally or longitudinally. A Different way of slicing could affect this simplisia. This study aimed to examine the influence of slicing direction, the thickness of slices, and its combination on the dry weight and the performance of arrowroot. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of BSF Tumbuhan UNIDIP. The design used was Completely Randomized Design with combination treatment of thickness (3mm and 5mm) and slice direction (diagonally and longitudinally). The parameter of this research used dry weight by weighing after the drying process and the performance (by measuring color, hardness, and the aroma of dried simplisia). The data analysis used Analysis of Variance. The findings showed that slice direction influenced the weight loss on simplisia, but the interaction did not influence on the dry weight of arrowroot simplisia. Slice direction affects dry weight and performance of arrowroot simplicia, slice thickness affects flavonoid yield.
Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Beralkohol (Ciu) Terhadap Histomorfometri Ren Mencit (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Yusuf Aida Ridwanah , Tana Silvana , Saraswati Tyas Rini 
Published: October 2021

Ciu merupakan salah satu minuman beralkohol yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Konsumsi Ciu dapat merusak jaringan dan organ tubuh, karena hasil metabolisme alkohol merupakan molekul reaktif yang berupa Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi Ciu terhadap perubahan histomorfologi ren. Penelitian menggunakan 15 ekor mencit jantan dengan Desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 kelompok perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu T0: mencit tidak diberikan perlakuan Ciu, T1: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 1 x 0,2ml/hari, dan T2: mencit diberi perlakuan Ciu 2 x 0,2ml/hari. Parameter pengukuran antara lain bobot ren, diameter glomerulus, lebar ruang Bowman, ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan ukuran sel epitel dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus distal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncanpada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Ciu memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot ren, ukuran sel epitel tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan diameter lumen tubulus kontortus distal. Kesimpulan, pemberian Ciu pada mencit dapat merubah histomorfometri dan menurunkan bobot ren. Ciu is one of an alcoholic beverages that widely consumed by Indonesian people. Ciu consumption could damage body tissues and organs, because the result of alcohol metabolism is a reactive molecule that forms Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The study aims to analyze the effect of Ciu consumption on ren histomorphometry changes. The study used 15 male mice with Completed Random Design with 3 treatment groups and 5 repetitions, i.e. T0: mice were not given Ciu treatment, T1: mice were treated with Ciu 1 x 0,2ml/day, T2: mice were treated with Ciu 2 x 0,2ml/day. The measurement parameters are ren weight, glomerular diameter, Bowman space width, epithelial cell size and lumen diameter of proximal tubules, and epithelial cell size and lumen diameter of distal tubules. Data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The result of the study showed that giving Ciu had a significant effect on ren weight (P<0,05), epithelial cell size of proximal tubule, and lumen diameter of distal tubule. In conclusion, Ciu given to mice could change the histomorphometry and decrease weight of its ren.
Efek Serbuk Kunyit dan Kurkumin pada Spermatogenesis Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diberi Minuman Beralkohol
Authors: Hanisa Helena Chika Valencia , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana 
Published: October 2021

Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang dapat digunakan sebagai zat antiinflamasi dan membantu memperbaiki sel-sel yang rusak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh serbuk kunyit dan kurkumin pada jumlah dan ukuran sel spermatogonium; spermatosit primer; dan spermatosit sekunder; bobot testis serta diameter tubulus seminiferus Mus musculus yang diberi minuman beralkohol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 12 ekor Mus musculus jantan yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. R0 merupakan kontrol, R1 kontrol alkohol, R2 pemberian serbuk kunyit sebanyak 0,1 mg/hari, R3 pemberian kurkumin sebanyak 0,01 mg/hari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 30 hari. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0.05) pada jumlah spermatogonium dan ukuran sel (spermatogonium, spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder), namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada (P<0,05) pada bobot testis, diameter tubulus seminiferus dan jumlah sel (spermatosit primer, dan spermatosit sekunder). Turmeric contains curcumin compounds that can be used as anti-inflammatory substances and help repair damaged cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of turmeric powder and curcumin on the number and size of spermatogonia cells; primary spermatocytes; and secondary spermatocytes; testicular weight and diameter of the seminiferous tubules of Mus musculus given alcoholic beverages. This study is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD), using 12 male Mus musculus which were divided into 4 treatment groups and 3 replications. R0 is control, R1 is alcohol control, R2 is 0.1 mg/day of turmeric powder, R3 is 0.01 mg/day of curcumin. The treatment was given for 30 days. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% confidence level. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of spermatogonia and cell size (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes), but there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in testicular weight, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of cells (primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes).
Bobot Karkas dan Morfometri Serabut Muskulus Pektoralis Itik Pengging Periode Layer Setelah Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor Dalam Pakan
Authors: Gibran Muhammad Alvin , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Sunarno Sunarno 
Published: October 2021

Kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan tanaman fungsional yang mengandung nutrisi dan antioksidan. Daun tanaman ini digunakan sebagai bahan pakan karena nutriennya yang lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh substitusi tepung daun kelor dalam pakan itik pengging periode layer pada bobot karkas dan ukuran serabut muskulus pektoralis. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan 60 ekor itik dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan. Pengulangan tiap perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali dengan 4 ekor itik setiap ulangan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol (K0) menggunakan pakan standar; K1 menggunakan 97,5% pakan standar dan 2,5% tepung daun kelor; K2 menggunakan 95% pakan standar dan 5% tepung daun kelor; K3 menggunakan 92,5% pakan standar dan 7,5% tepung daun kelor; K4 menggunakan 90% pakan standar dan 10% tepung daun kelor. Analisis data menggunakan one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa substitusi pakan dengan tepung daun kelor tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap bobot karkas, bobot muskuli pektoralis, dan ukuran serabut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah substitusi tepung daun kelor pada pakan itik pengging periode bertelur tidak memberikan dampak pada bobot karkas, muskulus pektoralis, dan diameter serabut otot. Nutrien lebih banyak diarahkan untuk produksi telur daripada sintesis karkas.Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a functional plant that contains lots of nutrients and antioxidants. The leaves on this plant are often used as a feed ingredient because of their potential to increase growth and cells development. The objective of the study is to examine moringa leaf inclusion meal on carcass weight and size of pectoral musculus fibrils of sexually mature laying ducks. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments. Treatment was repeated 3 times. Feeding were carried out at 07.00 WIB and 16.00 WIB. Treatment Control (K0) used standard feed; treatment 1 (K1) used 97.5% standard feed and 2.5% moringa leaf meal; treatment 2 (K2) used 95% standard feed and 5% Moringa leaf meal; treatment 3 (K3) used 92.5% standard feed and 7.5% Moringa leaf meal; treatment 4 (K4) used 90% standard feed and 10% moringa leaf meal. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression test using SPSS version 25. The results showed that feed substitution on Moringa leaves did not have a significant effect on carcass weight and fibril size of treated and control ducks. In conclusion, substitution of Moringa leaf meal in pengging ducks feed on layer period had no impact of carcass and pectoral muscles weight, and could not change the diameter of pectoral muscles fibril. Nutrient and energy leads to egg production than carcass synthesis.
Effects of sea urchin and herbivorous gastropod removal, coupled with transplantation, on seaweed forest restoration
Authors: Hong Seokwoo , Kim Junsu , Ko Young Wook , Yang Kwon Mo , Macias Daniela , Kim Jeong Ha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relative effects of urchin removal, non-urchin gastropod herbivores removal, and transplantation on macroalgal forest restoration using an additive manipulation design. A field experiment was conducted in subtidal urchin barren rocks in the eastern coast of South Korea from August 2017 to June 2020 with three experimental treatments: no urchins (NU), NU plus no herbivorous gastropods (NH), NH plus Ecklonia bicyclis transplant (NHT). Six months after experiment initiation, seaweed abundance rapidly increased in all three experimental treatments. The highest peak was found in the spring season of the first year (2018). The year-to-year variations became smaller throughout the survey period. The results of comparing NU and control site indicated that urchin removal had an exclusive effect on algal recovery while additional removal of herbivorous gastropods did not affect algal recovery quantitatively. With the successful establishment of E. bicyclis, the community assemblages of the three treatments became more distinct in the subsequent years, showing diverse dominance in NU, red algal dominance in NH, and dominance of E. bicyclis canopy and understory groups in NHT. This study provides evidence that urchin removal on its own from barren grounds can lead to rapid restoration of seaweed forest in subtidal habitats.
Lexical richness development in Chinese second language writing: empirical research based on Cambodian Chinese learners
Authors: Zhang Huan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the developmental features of lexical richness in Chinese compositions by Cambodian native speakers (n = 40) and the relationship between lexical richness and writing quality in Chinese Second Language (CSL) writing from three dimensions of lexical variation, lexical sophistication and lexical error rate.The results show that with the improvement of Chinese level, there are notable increases in lexical variation (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and lexical sophistication (p = 0.000 < 0.05). As for lexical errors, the overall lexical error rate is decreasing. Among which, the form error rate is decreasing obviously (p = 0.000 < 0.05), while the usage error rate is increasing, but not significantly (p = 0.039 > 0.005). Multiple regression analysis shows that lexical sophistication and lexical error rate are more closely related to CSL writing quality, which can predict writing quality well, while lexical variation has less impact on writing quality.
漢語移動事件中「來」與「過來」之探究
Authors: 惠貞 蕭 , 吟玲 魏 
Published: October 2021

提要
漢語指示動詞「來」與「過來」皆表示移動主體朝向指示中心之移動 (齊滬揚，1996)，反映說話者與移動主體之間的參照關係,但兩者存在細微的差異。據此, 本文旨在考察移動事件中「來」與「過來」各別側重的認知概念, 以釐清兩個動詞所指涉的移動事件有何異同。透過語料庫分析研究與漢語母語者實證調查,本研究結果顯示:「來」與「過來」分別突顯不同的認知概念,「來」強化終點參照, 弱化路徑概念, 可用於描述較抽象的移動事件; 相較之下, 「過來」則突顯過程路徑, 多用於表示具體移動路徑的移動事件。然而, 由於「過來」受限於強化過程路徑的概念,無法用於抽象移動事件中,因此「來」的使用範圍較「過來」廣。
Appling the computational fluid dynamics studies of the thermogravitational column for N2-CO2 and He-Ar gas mixtures separation
Authors: Salimi Hesam , Hashemipour Neda , Karimi-Sabet Javad , Amini Younes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present work, three-Dimensional stationary numerical simulations were accomplished for a deeper understanding of the gas mixtures separation by the thermogravitational column. To address the optimum condition and examine the limitation of the process, the thermogravitational column behavior has been thoroughly analyzed. First, the simulation model was validated by the experimental results of Youssef et al. then the model was developed for the pilot column. The mixture of helium-argon was chosen as feed composition. It was concluded that the variation of the separation factor in relation to pressure for both columns was almost the same. The optimum condition verified as

p
=
0.2
atm
,
θ
=
0.4
,
m
°
=
4

SCCM

$p=0.2\text{atm},\theta =0.4,m{}^{\circ}=4\hspace{0.17em}\text{SCCM}$

.
Automatisiertes klinisches Codieren
Authors: Illing Susan 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die in diesem Artikel vorgestellte Bachelorarbeit behandelt die Ergebnisse einer Shared Task im Bereich eHealth. Es wird untersucht, ob die Klassifikationsgenauigkeit ausgewählter klinischer Codiersysteme durch den Einsatz von Ensemble-Methoden verbessert werden kann. Entscheidend dafür sind die Werte der Evaluationsmaße Mean Average Precision und F1-Maß.
Complementary mechanisms of modulation of spontaneous phasic contractions by the gaseous signalling molecules NO, H2S, HNO and the polysulfide Na2S3 in the rat colon
Authors: Pouokam Ervice , Vallejo Adriana , Martínez Emma , Traserra Sara , Jimenez Marcel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may be produced during inflammation leading to the formation of NO, H2S or HNO. Enzymes such as iNOS, CSE and CBS might also be responsible for polysulfide production. Since these signalling molecules might have an impact on colonic motility, the aim of this study was to compare their effect on rat colonic slow phasic contractions (SPC).

Methods
Organ bath measurements with strips obtained from rat proximal colon were performed using the polysulfide Na2S3, sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), Angeli’s salt as NO, H2S, and HNO donors, respectively. TTX (1 µM) was used to block neuronal activity.

Results
All four molecules, concentration-dependently, inhibited the amplitude and frequency of SPC both in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer. The relative potency was NaNP>Angeli’s salt>NaHS>Na2S3. The inhibitory response induced by NaNP (1 µM) and Angeli’s salt (50 µM) was reversed by ODQ (10 µM) whereas the inhibitory effect of NaHS (1 mM) was reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). Na2S3 (1 mM) response was partially reversed by apamin (1 µM) and glibenclamide (10 µM). High concentrations of Na2S3 caused an increase in tone. Low concentrations of NaHS or Na2S3 did not potentiate NaNP responses.

Conclusions
All signalling molecules inhibit SPC in both muscle layers. The effect is independent of neural activity and involves guanylyl cyclase (NO and HNO) and SKCa and KATP channels (NaHS or Na2S3). Other pathways might also be involved in Na2S3 responses. Accordingly, complementary mechanisms of inhibition might be attributable to these signalling molecules.
The effects of saffron petals and damask rose petals on biochemical and inflammatory measurements
Authors: Majidi Nazanin , Kosari Monfared Mahboubeh , Mazaheri-Eftekhar Fatemeh , Movahedi Ariyo , Karandish Majid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by high blood sugar greatly affected by diet. The chemical medicines applied to treat diabetes usually have side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron petals, damask rose petals, and saffron-damask rose petal herbal teas on weight loss, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and the inflammatory factors of diabetic rats.

Methods
In this study, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats with an average age of four weeks received a high-calorie, high-fat, high-sugar diet for nine weeks. The rats were then randomly assigned to five groups, including normal, control, saffron petal, damask rose petal, and saffron plus damask rose petal groups. For nine weeks, 3 mL of the herbal tea was administered to the intervention groups daily through oral gavage. The levels of FBS, lipid profile, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were measured following the intervention.

Results
Saffron petals reduced weight gain, Triglyceride (TG), and HbA1c and increased hs-CRP and IGF-1 (all p < 0.05). The damask rose petal reduced weight gain, FBS, hs-CRP, and HbA1c and increased the IGF-1 (all p < 0.05). Saffron plus damask-rose petals reduced the weight gain, TG, hs-CRP and HbA1c, and increase IGF-1 factor (all p < 0.05) compared to the control group. No significant effect was found on visceral fat, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Compared with the normal group, saffron petals and damask rose petals increased the FBS, HDL, and LDL levels. Damask rose and the combination of saffron petals and damask rose decreased IGF-1 compared with the normal group (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Saffron and damask rose petals could have beneficial effects on improving the status of biochemical markers. The simultaneous use of saffron and damask rose may counteract the adverse effects of saffron on inflammatory indices.
Is discourse made up of sentences? Focusing on dependent grafted speech in modern standard Japanese
Authors: Sadanobu Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe idea that discourse is made up of sentences has been widespread among linguists. Does this traditional discourse perspective (“sententialism”) apply to casual language in daily communication? This paper examines the validity of sententialism by focusing on a type of speech called “dependent grafted speech” in Japanese conversation. Close examinations of various words, phrases, and sentences reveal that dependent grafted speech is different from sentences on two points: (i) Generally, the lexical accent of the copula at the beginning of dependent grafted speech is a high tone; and (ii) the interaction particle at the end of dependent grafted speech is not uttered with a falling intonation unless it is proceeded by a very abrupt rising intonation (“leaping” intonation). These findings cast doubt on the status of dependent grafted speech as a sentence. Moreover, they demonstrate a new conception of discourse as a mixture of diverse constituents, including sentences, dependent grafted speech, and other utterance types.