bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TRAJETÓRIA DO PERDÃO NA OBRA DE HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Correia Adriano 
Published: February 2021

<div class="trans-abstract"><p>O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o desenvolvimento do tema do perdão na obra de Hannah Arendt, principalmente nos textos da década de 1950. Ao longo da década a autora modifica substancialmente sua compreensão da relação do perdão com o cristianismo e progressivamente situa o perdão, assim como a promessa e o poder, no centro de sua análise da ação e de suas fragilidades. Realizamos uma análise bibliográfica que percorre obras publicadas e textos inéditos e buscamos realizar uma síntese conceitual das várias características do perdão na obra da autora a partir do exame da relação da ação com a necessária reconciliação com sua imprevisibilidade.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave: </strong>Perdão; Ação; Reconciliação; Hannah Arendt; Paul Ricoeur</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><strong>THE TRAJECTORY OF FORGIVENESS IN THE WORK OF HANNAH ARENDT</strong></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>The aim of this article is to examine the development of the theme of forgiveness in Hannah Arendt’s work, especially in the texts of the 1950s. Throughout the decade, the author substantially modifies her understanding of the relationship of forgiveness with Christianity and progressively places forgiveness, as well as promise and the power at the center of her analysis of the action and its weaknesses. We performed a bibliographic analysis that covers published works and unpublished texts and we seek to carry out a conceptual synthesis of the various characteristics of forgiveness in the author’s work from the examination of the relationship of the action with the necessary reconciliation with its irreversibility.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Forgiveness; Action; Reconciliation; Hannah Arendt; Paul Ricoeur</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><strong>LA TRAJECTOIRE DU PARDON DANS L’ŒUVRE D’HANNAH ARENDT</strong></p><p class="sec">ABSTRACT</p><p>Le but de cet article est d’examiner l’évolution du thème du pardon dans l’œuvre d’Hannah Arendt, notamment dans les textes des années 50. Tout au long de la décennie, l’auteur modifie considérablement sa compréhension de la relation entre le pardon et le christianisme et place progressivement le pardon, ainsi que la promesse et le pouvoir, au centre de son analyse de l’action et de ses faiblesses. Nous avons effectué une analyse bibliographique qui couvre les œuvres publiées et les textes non publiés et nous cherchons à réaliser une synthèse conceptuelle des différentes caractéristiques du pardon dans le travail de l’auteur, basée sur un examen de la relation entre l’action et la nécessaire réconciliation avec son irréversibilité.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Pardon; Action; Reconciliation; Hannah Arendt; Paul Ricoeur</p></div>
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Nurse Burnout in the US
Authors: Shah Megha K. , Gandrakota Nikhila , Cimiotti Jeannie P. , Ghose Neena , Moore Miranda , Ali Mohammed K. 
Published: February 2021

ImportanceClinician burnout is a major risk to the health of the US. Nurses make up most of the health care workforce, and estimating nursing burnout and associated factors is vital for addressing the causes of burnout.ObjectiveTo measure rates of nurse burnout and examine factors associated with leaving or considering leaving employment owing to burnout.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary analysis used cross-sectional survey data collected from April 30 to October 12, 2018, in the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses in the US. All nurses who responded were included (N = 50 273). Data were analyzed from June 5 to October 1, 2020.ExposuresAge, sex, race and ethnicity categorized by self-reported survey question, household income, and geographic region. Data were stratified by workplace setting, hours worked, and dominant function (direct patient care, other function, no dominant function) at work.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the likelihood of leaving employment in the last year owing to burnout or considering leaving employment owing to burnout.ResultsThe weighted sample of 50 273 respondents (representing 3 957 661 nurses nationally) was predominantly female (90.4%) and White (80.7%); the mean (SD) age was 48.7 (0.04) years. Among nurses who reported leaving their job in 2017 (n = 418 769), 31.5% reported burnout as a reason, with lower proportions of nurses reporting burnout in the West (16.6%) and higher proportions in the Southeast (30.0%). Compared with working less than 20 h/wk, nurses who worked more than 40 h/wk had a higher likelihood identifying burnout as a reason they left their job (odds ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.61-6.67). Respondents who reported leaving or considering leaving their job owing to burnout reported a stressful work environment (68.6% and 59.5%, respectively) and inadequate staffing (63.0% and 60.9%, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that burnout is a significant problem among US nurses who leave their job or consider leaving their job. Health systems should focus on implementing known strategies to alleviate burnout, including adequate nurse staffing and limiting the number of hours worked per shift.
Reassessment of the threshold of the blood lead level to increase urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid based on their relationship in recent lead workers in Japan
Authors: Ono Akira , Horiguchi Hyogo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present study investigated the quantitative relationship between blood lead (Pb-B) and urinary δ⁻aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) in lead workers, and examined the Pb-B level that induces increases in ALA-U and the corresponding ALA-U.

Methods
We collected 10 562 data sets on Pb-B, ALA-U, age, and smoking habits from 808 workers (771 males and 37 females) who underwent multiple lead poisoning medical examinations at a lead-acid battery and lead smelting plant in Japan between 1995 and 2018. Females were excluded, and data collected in 169 subjects prior to engaging in lead work were used as the control. Pb-B and ALA-U levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography respectively.

Results
A significant dose-response relationship was observed between Pb-B and ALA-U based on Pb-B-classified observations of increases in ALA-U values and the prevalence of over-reference ALA-U as well as regression analyses independent of smoking habits. The results obtained revealed that the threshold of Pb-B to increase ALA-U was 25.1-35.0 µg/dL based on the significant elevation point of the prevalence of over-reference ALA-U and 16.2-22.3 µg/dL from a 3rd degree regression equation.

Conclusions
We proposed a threshold of Pb-B to increase ALA-U of 20 µg/dL and a biologically acceptable value of ALA-U of 1 mg/L, corresponding to the threshold.
The mediating effect of exhaustion in the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and turnover intentions: A 4-year longitudinal study from Sweden
Authors: Leineweber Constanze , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia , Eib Constanze , Peristera Paraskevi , Li Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Earlier studies suggest that imbalance between effort and reward at work associates with exhaustion. Others have found that exhaustion increases turnover intentions; an important precursor of actual turnover that also associates with counterproductive work behaviors. Few, however, have studied the associations between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and employees’ intentions to leave their current employment, and whether exhaustion is underpinning that relationship. Here, we investigate the mediating role of exhaustion in the effort-reward imbalance – turnover intentions relationship.

Methods
Data from three waves covering a time span of four years from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) were analysed using structural equation modeling. Cross-lagged mediation analyses were conducted to estimate if associations from ERI to subsequent turnover intentions were mediated by exhaustion. Other causal directions (direct and reversed direct effects, reversed mediation) were also examined.

Results
A direct path from ERI T1 to turnover intentions T2 was found, but not from ERI T2 to turnover intentions T3. Additionally, results showed that ERI at time points T1/T2 associated significantly with exhaustion two years later (T2/T3). Also, exhaustion at T1 showed a small but statistically significant direct association with turnover intentions at T2 (no association was found between exhaustion T2 and turnover intentions T3). A small, but statistically significant indirect effect from ERI to turnover intentions was found (estimate 0.005; 95% CI 0.002-0.010).

Conclusions
Providing a good balance between effort and reward for workers is essential to protect employee health and help retain employees in the organization.
French gendarmes' ability to make inferences while listening to witnesses: Implicit and interfering information curbs their comprehension
Authors: Duran Geoffrey , Michael George A. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryForty French gendarmes from the Gendarmerie Nationale, and 40 laypersons completed two experiments to assess how they make inferences from testimonies. The first experiment targeted how inferences are made when the critical information on which a judgment has to be made is explicitly stated in the testimony or it is implicit and has to be inferred. The second experiment assessed the comprehension of statements when critical information about an event described by a witness was directly and clearly available in the testimony or embedded within irrelevant information and personal thoughts of the witness. Results showed that gendarmes had fewer false alarms than laypersons when the statements were explicit but had as many false alarms as laypersons when information was implicit and had to be inferred. It was also found that gendarmes had fewer false alarms than laypersons when the critical information was not embedded within irrelevant information but had as many false alarms as laypersons when irrelevant information was present. This study shows that being a gendarme involves better understanding of testimonies, but only as long as testimonies do not contain redundant, interfering, and implicit information. Otherwise, this superiority is lost.
Design of Smart Antibody Mimetics with Photosensitive Switches
Authors: He Lian , Tan Peng , Huang Yun , Zhou Yubin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs two prominent examples of intracellular single‐domain antibodies or antibody mimetics derived from synthetic protein scaffolds, monobodies and nanobodies are gaining wide applications in cell biology, structural biology, synthetic immunology, and theranostics. Herein, a generally applicable method to engineer light‐controllable monobodies and nanobodies, designated as moonbody and sunbody, respectively, is introduced. These engineered antibody‐like modular domains enable rapid and reversible antibody–antigen recognition by utilizing light. By the paralleled insertion of two light‐oxygen‐voltage domain 2 modules into a single sunbody and the use of bivalent sunbodies, the range of dynamic changes of photoswitchable sunbodies is substantially enhanced. Furthermore, the use of moonbodies or sunbodies to precisely control protein degradation, gene transcription, and base editing by harnessing the power of light is demonstrated.
Highly Efficient Osmotic Energy Harvesting in Charged Boron‐Nitride‐Nanopore Membranes
Authors: Pendse Aaditya , Cetindag Semih , Rehak Pavel , Behura Sanjay , Gao Haiqi , Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Lan , Wang Tongshuai , Berry Vikas , Král Petr , Shan Jerry , Kim Sangil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies of the high energy‐conversion efficiency of the nanofluidic platform have revealed the enormous potential for efficient exploitation of electrokinetic phenomena in nanoporous membranes for clean‐energy harvesting from salinity gradients. Here, nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis (NF‐RED) consisting of vertically aligned boron‐nitride‐nanopore (VA‐BNNP) membranes is presented, which can efficiently harness osmotic power. The power density of the VA‐BNNP reaches up to 105 W m−2, which is several orders of magnitude higher than in other nanopores with similar pore sizes, leading to 165 mW m−2 of net power density (i.e., power per membrane area). Low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition technology is employed to uniformly deposit a thin BN layer within 1D anodized alumina pores to prepare a macroscopic VA‐BNNP membrane with a high nanopore density, ≈108 pores cm−2. These membranes can resolve fundamental questions regarding the ion mobility, liquid transport, and power generation in highly charged nanopores. It is shown that the transference number in the VA‐BNNP is almost constant over the entire salt concentration range, which is different from other nanopore systems. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the BN deposition on the nanopore channels can significantly enhance the diffusio‐osmosis velocity by two orders of magnitude at a high salinity gradient, resulting in a huge increase in power density.
Exfoliation of Alpha‐Germanium: A Covalent Diamond‐Like Structure
Authors: Gibaja Carlos , Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Paz Wendel S. , Torres Iñigo , Salagre Elena , Segovia Pilar , Michel Enrique G. , Assebban Mhamed , Ares Pablo , Hernández‐Maldonado David , Ramasse Quentin , Abellán Gonzalo , Gómez‐Herrero Julio , Varela Maria , Palacios Juan José , Zamora Félix 
Published: February 2021

Abstract2D materials have opened a new field in materials science with outstanding scientific and technological impact. A largely explored route for the preparation of 2D materials is the exfoliation of layered crystals with weak forces between their layers. However, its application to covalent crystals remains elusive. Herein, a further step is taken by introducing the exfoliation of germanium, a narrow‐bandgap semiconductor presenting a 3D diamond‐like structure with strong covalent bonds. Pure α‐germanium is exfoliated following a simple one‐step procedure assisted by wet ball‐milling, allowing gram‐scale fabrication of high‐quality layers with large lateral dimensions and nanometer thicknesses. The generated flakes are thoroughly characterized by different techniques, giving evidence that the new 2D material exhibits bandgaps that depend on both the crystallographic direction and the number of layers. Besides potential technological applications, this work is also of interest for the search of 2D materials with new properties.
Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons for Sensing Applications
Authors: Zhang Xuanru , Cui Wen Yi , Lei Yi , Zheng Xin , Zhang Jingjing , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocalized surface plasmons (LSPs) are localized oscillations of free electrons in metal nanoparticles at optical frequencies. Confined mode profiles and near‐field enhancements make LSPs ultrasensitive to the dielectric environment, making them good candidates as sensors. The concept and applications have been generalized to spoof LSPs in microwave and terahertz frequencies, via plasmonic metamaterials composed of subwavelength corrugations. Herein, the basic physics, sensing prototypes, detection schemes, and state‐of‐the‐art progress are broadly reviewed from optical LSP sensing to microwave spoof LSP sensing. While optical LSPs exhibit localized sensitivity enhancement with high attenuation, spoof LSPs in microwave and terahertz frequencies combine the characteristics of deep‐subwavelength confinement and sensitivity enhancement of optical LSPs with low loss, high quality factor, multipole modes, and on‐chip detection of optical microcavities. Meanwhile, advances in printed circuits, integrated circuits, wireless communications, wearable devices, and Internet of things have endowed microwave sensing with a solid technical foundation and promising prospects. Applications in liquid sensing, gas sensing, and wearable sensing are demonstrated. Discussions are extended to electromagnetic sensing throughout the wave spectra, with concerns about key supporting technologies. The prospect of microwave sensing is emphatically investigated, specifically on leveraging the advantages of plasmonic enhancement.
Fetal early motor neuron disruption and prenatal molecular diagnosis in a severe BICD2‐opathy
Authors: Marchionni Enrica , Agolini Emanuele , Mastromoro Gioia , Guadagnolo Daniele , Coppola Giulia , Roggini Mario , Riminucci Mara , Novelli Antonio , Giancotti Antonella , Corsi Alessandro , Pizzuti Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBICD2 (BICD Cargo Adaptor 2, MIM*609797) mutations are associated with severe prenatal‐onset forms of spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity‐predominant 2B (SMALED2B MIM 618291) or milder forms with childhood‐onset (SMALED2A MIM 615290). Etiopathogenesis is not fully clarified and a wide spectrum of phenotypic presentations is reported, ranging from extreme prenatal forms with adverse outcome, to slow progressive late‐onset forms. We report a fetus at 22 gestational weeks with evidence of Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita on ultrasound, presenting with fixed extended lower limbs and flexed upper limbs, bilateral clubfoot and absent fetal movements. A trio‐based prenatal Exome Sequencing was performed, disclosing a de novo heterozygous pathogenic in frame deletion (NM_015250.3: c.1636_1638delAAT; p.Asn546del) in BICD2. After pregnancy termination, quantitative analysis on NeuN immunostained spinal cord sections of the ventral horns, revealed that neuronal density was markedly reduced compared to the one of an age‐matched normal fetus and an age‐matched type‐I Spinal Muscular Atrophy sample, used as a comparative model. The present case, the first prenatally diagnosed and neuropathologically characterized, showed an early motor neuron loss in SMALED2B, providing further insight into the pathological basis of BICD2‐opathies.
Later Stone Age human hair from Vaalkrans Shelter, Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, reveals genetic affinity to Khoe groups
Authors: Coutinho Alexandra , Malmström Helena , Edlund Hanna , Henshilwood Christopher S. , van Niekerk Karen L. , Lombard Marlize , Schlebusch Carina M. , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious studies show that the indigenous people of the southern Cape of South Africa were dramatically impacted by the arrival of European colonists starting ~400 years ago and their descendants are today mixed with Europeans and Asians. To gain insight on the occupants of the Vaalkrans Shelter located at the southernmost tip of Africa, we investigated the genetic make‐up of an individual who lived there about 200 years ago. We further contextualize the genetic ancestry of this individual among prehistoric and current groups. From a hair sample excavated at the shelter, which was indirectly dated to about 200 years old, we sequenced the genome (1.01 times coverage) of a Later Stone Age individual. We analyzed the Vaalkrans genome together with genetic data from 10 ancient (pre‐colonial) individuals from southern Africa spanning the last 2000 years. We show that the individual from Vaalkrans was a man who traced ~80% of his ancestry to local southern San hunter–gatherers and ~20% to a mixed East African‐Eurasian source. This genetic make‐up is similar to modern‐day Khoekhoe individuals from the Northern Cape Province (South Africa) and Namibia, but in the southern Cape, the Vaalkrans man's descendants have likely been assimilated into mixed‐ancestry “Coloured” groups. The Vaalkrans man's genome reveals that Khoekhoe pastoralist groups/individuals lived in the southern Cape as late as 200 years ago, without mixing with non‐African colonists or Bantu‐speaking farmers. Our findings are also consistent with the model of a Holocene pastoralist migration, originating in Eastern Africa, shaping the genomic landscape of historic and current southern African populations.
The effect of high wear diets on the relative pulp volume of the lower molars
Authors: Selig Keegan R. , Kupczik Kornelius , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesOne role of dental pulp is in the upkeep and maintenance of dentine. Under wear, odontoblasts in the pulp deposit tertiary dentine to ensure the sensitive internal dental tissues are not exposed and vulnerable to infection. It follows that there may be an adaptive advantage for increasing molar pulp volume in anthropoid primate taxa that are prone to high levels of wear. The relative volume of dental pulp is therefore predicted to covary with dietary abrasiveness (in the sense of including foods that cause high degrees of wear).Materials and MethodsWe examined relatively unworn lower second molars in pairs of species of extant hominoids, cebids, and pitheciids that vary in the abrasiveness of their diet (n = 36). Using micro‐CT scans, we measured the percent of tooth that is pulp (PTP) as the ratio of pulp volume to that of the total volume of the tooth.ResultsWe found that in each pair of species, the taxa that consume a more abrasive diet had a significantly higher PTP than the closely related taxa that consume a softer diet.ConclusionsOur results point to an adaptive mechanism in the molars of taxa that consume abrasive diets and are thus subject to higher levels of wear. Our results provide additional understanding of the relationship between dental pulp and diet and may offer insight into the diet of extinct taxa such as Paranthropus boisei or into the adaptive context of the taurodont molars of Neanderthals.
Selectively Upgrading Lignin Derivatives to Carboxylates through Electrochemical Oxidative C(OH)−C Bond Cleavage by a Mn‐Doped Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Hua , Li Zhenhua , Xu Si‐Min , Lu Lilin , Xu Ming , Ji Kaiyue , Ge Ruixiang , Yan Yifan , Ma Lina , Kong Xianggui , Zheng Lirong , Duan Haohong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxidative cleavage of C(OH)−C bonds to afford carboxylates is of significant importance for the petrochemical industry and biomass valorization. Here we report an efficient electrochemical strategy for the selective upgrading of lignin derivatives to carboxylates by a manganese‐doped cobalt oxyhydroxide (MnCoOOH) catalyst. A wide range of lignin‐derived substrates with C(OH)‐C or C(O)‐C units undergo efficient cleavage to corresponding carboxylates in excellent yields (80–99 %) and operational stability (200 h). Detailed investigations reveal a tandem oxidation mechanism that base from the electrolyte converts secondary alcohols and their derived ketones to reactive nucleophiles, which are oxidized by electrophilic oxygen species on MnCoOOH from water. As proof of concept, this approach was applied to upgrade lignin derivatives with C(OH)‐C or C(O)‐C motifs, achieving convergent transformation of lignin‐derived mixtures to benzoate and KA oil to adipate with 91.5 % and 64.2 % yields, respectively.
Biomimetic Nanoemulsion for Synergistic Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy Against Hypoxic Breast Tumor
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Liao Yunyan , Tang Qinan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly used as an “in situ vaccine” to enhance the response rate of PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies. Unfortunately, the high cost and adverse effects of these antibodies, and the hypoxic state of solid tumors limits the efficacy of synergistic photodynamic‐immunotherapy. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoemulsion camouflaged with a PD‐1‐expressing cell membrane for synergistic photodynamic‐immunotherapy against hypoxic breast tumors. The perfluorocarbon of the nanoemulsion could provide oxygen as the source of PDT against hypoxic tumors. Moreover, co‐delivering a photosensitizer and the PD‐1 protein (substituting for a PD‐L1 antibody) achieves the synergy effect of PDT and immunotherapy. Synergistic photodynamic‐immunotherapy completely inhibited primary and distant subcutaneous 4T1 tumors, mechanistically by boosting the maturation of dendritic cells and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.