bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on red and green porcelain sherd of Bayi Kiln using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Zhang Yawei , Ren Guanhua , Zhou Xiang , Zhou Lu , Ta La , Su Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technology is particularly suitable for non-destructive detection of porcelain sherd due to the unique properties of non-ionizing, high penetration, and broad-spectrum. In this paper, we investigated the reflection characteristics of the pigments and sediments for red and green porcelain sherd of Bayi Kiln made in Shanxi province during the Jin Dynasty by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), obtaining the spectral responses of different components. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was used as a complementary technique to complete the qualitative analysis of the pigments and sediments. In addition, the reflective THz imaging was performed to visualize the pigments and sediments in different regions of the porcelain sherd, realizing the visual detection of the pattern on the surface of the porcelain sherd. These results show that THz-TDS and THz-imaging can serve as effective tools for the detection and analysis of ancient Chinese porcelain.
Analysis of step-velocity-dependent concentration of magnesium in GaN based on Burton−Cabrera−Frank theory and step-edge segregation model
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Kaneda Naoki , Hayashi Kentaro , Ohta Hiroshi , Horikiri Fumimasa , Mishima Tomoyoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on Burton−Cabrera−Frank theory and the step-edge segregation model, we analyzed the reported difference in the sheet concentration of doped magnesium under naturally formed surface stripes on homo-epitaxially grown layers on a freestanding GaN substrate misoriented from a c-plane by 0.3°. By assuming the step height being equal to the peak-to-valley height of the surface stripes, we considered the growth steps on gently and sharply sloped surfaces to be supplied, respectively, from mixed dislocations and the misorientation from the c-plane. The step-velocity dependence of the magnesium concentration was reproduced with the reported magnesium diffusivity of 3 × 10−14 cm2 s−1.
Síndrome metabólico en trabajadores de un hospital de nivel III de atención (Estudio SIMETRA)
Authors: Pinzón Junca Alfredo , Velandia Ómar Olimpo , Ortiz Carlos Alberto , Azuero Luisa Fernanda , Echeverry Díaz Tatiana , Rodríguez Pérez Ximena 
Published: November 2021

Introducción: el Síndrome Metabólico (SM) se caracteriza por obesidad, hiperglucemia o diabetes, hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. La presencia de este síndrome incrementa el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, con el consecuente aumento de la mortalidad.
Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia del SM y sus componentes en los trabajadores de un hospital de III nivel de atención, utilizando tanto los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) como la definición unificada (armonizada).
Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en personal del Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana de Bogotá. Para 1.140 trabajadores, considerando prevalencia de 26% e IC 95%, se calculó una muestra de 235 sujetos, a quienes se les realizó encuesta personalizada, exámenes paraclínicos (perfil lipídico y glucemia) y toma de medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, perímetro de cintura y tensión arterial). Para el análisis, la muestra se distribuyó en 2 grupos: Administrativo (sin formación específica en el área de salud) y Salud (con dicha formación), para determinar la posible relación entre prevalencia de SM y conocimiento previo sobre este síndrome.
Resultados: se obtuvo información completa de 209 trabajadores: 83 (39,7%) en Administrativo y 126 (60,3%) en Salud; la mayoría (50,7%) con edad entre 35 y 50 años, y con predominio de mujeres (72,7%). La frecuencia de SM fue 28,7% por criterios unificados (armonizados) y 26,3% por IDF; utilizando los primeros la frecuencia fue 30,1% en el grupo Administrativo y 27,8% en el grupo Salud, diferencia sin significancia estadística. El SM fue más frecuente en mayores de 50 años (46,4%) y en los niveles educativos Secundaria (42,9%) y Técnico (32,5%). El análisis de frecuencia según conocimiento previo sobre SM y sus componentes no mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa.
Conclusiones: la frecuencia de SM en trabajadores de este hospital universitario es tan alta como la reportada para la población general. Los datos sugieren que aunque el personal de salud posee conocimiento básico sobre el SM no toma acciones eficaces para evitarlo.
Wolf 503 b: Characterization of a Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Metal-poor K Dwarf
Authors: Polanski Alex S. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Burt Jennifer A. , Nowak Grzegorz , López-Morales Mercedes , Mortier Annelies , Poretti Ennio , Behmard Aida , Benneke Björn , Blunt Sarah , Bonomo Aldo S. , Butler R. Paul , Chontos Ashley , Cosentino Rosario , Crane Jeffrey D. , Dumusque Xavier , Fulton Benjamin J. , Ghedina Adriano , Gorjian Varoujan , Grunblatt Samuel K. , Harutyunyan Avet , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kosiarek Molly R. , Latham David W. , Luque Rafael , Martinez Fiorenzano Aldo F. , Mayor Michel , Mills Sean M. , Molinari Emilio , Nagel Evangelos , Pallé Enric , Petigura Erik A. , Shectman Stephen A. , Sozzetti Alessandro , Teske Johanna K. , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Weiss Lauren M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using radial-velocity measurements from four instruments, we report the mass and density of a 2.043 ±0.069 R
⊕ sub-Neptune orbiting the quiet K-dwarf Wolf 503 (HIP 67285). In addition, we present improved orbital and transit parameters by analyzing previously unused short-cadence K2 campaign 17 photometry and conduct a joint radial-velocity-transit fit to constrain the eccentricity at 0.41 ± 0.05. The addition of a transit observation by Spitzer also allows us to refine the orbital ephemeris in anticipation of further follow-up. Our mass determination, 6.26

−
0.70

+
0.69

M
⊕ , in combination with the updated radius measurements, gives Wolf 503 b a bulk density of

ρ
=

2.92

−
0.44

+
0.50

g cm−3. Using interior composition models, we find this density is consistent with an Earth-like core with either a substantial H2O mass fraction (45

−
16

+
19

%) or a modest H/He envelope (0.5% ± 0.3%). The low H/He mass fraction, along with the old age of Wolf 503 (11 ± 2 Gyr), makes this sub-Neptune an opportune subject for testing theories of XUV-driven mass loss while the brightness of its host (J = 8.3 mag) makes it an attractive target for transmission spectroscopy.
Testing Models of Triggered Star Formation with Young Stellar Objects in Cepheus OB4
Authors: Mintz Abby , Hora Joseph L. , Winston Elaine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
OB associations are home to newly formed massive stars, whose turbulent winds and ionizing flux create H ii regions rich with star formation. Studying the distribution and abundance of young stellar objects (YSOs) in these ionized bubbles can provide essential insight into the physical processes that shape their formation, allowing us to test competing models of star formation. In this work, we examined one such OB association, Cepheus OB4 (Cep OB4)—a well-suited region for studying YSOs due to its Galactic location, proximity, and geometry. We created a photometric catalog from Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) mosaics in bands 1 (3.6 μm) and 2 (4.5 μm). We supplemented the catalog with photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, IRAC bands 3 (5.8 μm) and 4 (8.0 μm), MIPS 24 μm, and MMIRS near-infrared data. We used color–color selections to identify 821 YSOs, which we classified using the IR slope of the YSOs’ spectral energy distributions, finding 67 Class I, 103 flat spectrum, 569 Class II, and 82 Class III YSOs. We conducted a clustering analysis of the Cep OB4 YSOs and fit their spectral energy distributions. We found many young Class I objects distributed in the surrounding shell and pillars as well as a relative age gradient of unclustered sourcesin the bubble surrounding the OB association, with YSOs generally decreasing in age with distance from the central cluster. Both of these results indicate that the expansion of the H ii region may have triggered star formation in CepOB4.
Photometric Variability of the Pre-main-sequence Stars toward the Sh 2-190 Region
Authors: Sinha Tirthendu , Sharma Saurabh , Panwar Neelam , Matsunaga N. , Ogura K. , Kobayashi N. , Yadav R. K. , Ghosh A. , Pandey R. , Bisht P. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the results from our time-series imaging data taken with the 1.3 m Devasthal fast optical telescope and 0.81 m Tenagara telescope in V, R

c
, and I

c
bands covering an area of ∼18.′4 × 18.′4 toward the star-forming region Sh 2–190. This photometric data helped us to explore the nature of the variability of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars. We have identified 85 PMS variables, i.e., 37 Class ii and 48 Class iii sources. Forty-five of the PMS variables show periodicity in their light curves. We show that the stars with thicker disks and envelopes rotate slower and exhibit larger photometric variations compared to their diskless counterparts. This result suggests that rotation of the PMS stars is regulated by the presence of circumstellar disks. We also found that the periods of the stars show a decreasing trend with increasing mass in the range of ∼0.5–2.5 M
⊙. Our result indicates that most of the variability in Class ii sources is ascribed to the presence of a thick disk, while the presence of cool spots on the stellar surface causes the brightness variation in Class iii sources. X-ray activities in the PMS stars were found to be at the saturation level reported for the main-sequence stars. The younger counterparts of the PMS variables show less X-ray activity, hinting at a less significant role of a stellar disk in X-ray generation.
Signature of a Heliotail Organized by the Solar Magnetic Field and the Role of Nonideal Processes in Modeled IBEX ENA Maps: A Comparison of the BU and Moscow MHD Models
Authors: Kornbleuth M. , Opher M. , Baliukin I. , Dayeh M. A. , Zirnstein E. , Gkioulidou M. , Dialynas K. , Galli A. , Richardson J. D. , Izmodenov V. , Zank G. P. , Fuselier S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Energetic neutral atom (ENA) models typically require post-processing routines to convert the distributions of plasma and H atoms into ENA maps. Here we investigate how two kinetic-MHD models of the heliosphere (the BU and Moscow models) manifest in modeled ENA maps using the same prescription and how they compare with Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations. Both MHD models treat the solar wind as a single-ion plasma for protons, which include thermal solar wind ions, pick-up ions (PUIs), and electrons. Our ENA prescription partitions the plasma into three distinct ion populations (thermal solar wind, PUIs transmitted and ones energized at the termination shock) and models the populations with Maxwellian distributions. Both kinetic-MHD heliospheric models produce a heliotail with heliosheath plasma that is organized by the solar magnetic field into two distinct north and south columns that become lobes of high mass flux flowing down the heliotail; however, in the BU model, the ISM flows between the two lobes at distances in the heliotail larger than 300 au. While our prescription produces similar ENA maps for the two different plasma and H atom solutions at the IBEX-Hi energy range (0.5–6 keV), the modeled ENA maps require a scaling factor of ∼2 to be in agreement with the data. This problem is present in other ENA models with the Maxwellian approximation of multiple ion species and indicates that either a higher neutral density or some acceleration of PUIs in the heliosheath is required.
Implications of Eccentric Observations on Binary Black Hole Formation Channels
Authors: Zevin Michael , Romero-Shaw Isobel M. , Kremer Kyle , Thrane Eric , Lasky Paul D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Orbital eccentricity is one of the most robust discriminators for distinguishing between dynamical and isolated formation scenarios of binary black hole mergers using gravitational-wave observatories such as LIGO and Virgo. Using state-of-the-art cluster models, we show how selection effects impact the detectable distribution of eccentric mergers from clusters. We show that the observation (or lack thereof) of eccentric binary black hole mergers can significantly constrain the fraction of detectable systems that originate from dynamical environments, such as dense star clusters. After roughly 150 observations, observing no eccentric binary signals would indicate that clusters cannot make up the majority of the merging binary black hole population in the local universe (95% credibility). However, if dense star clusters dominate the rate of eccentric mergers and a single system is confirmed to be measurably eccentric in the first and second gravitational-wave transient catalogs, clusters must account for at least 14% of detectable binary black hole mergers. The constraints on the fraction of detectable systems from dense star clusters become significantly tighter as the number of eccentric observations grows and will be constrained to within 0.5 dex once 10 eccentric binary black holes are observed.
Personal Protective Equipment and Nurse Self-efficacy due to Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sulistia Ayu Nur Meity , Novieastari Enie , Gayatri Dewi , Handiyani Hanny , Arruum Diah 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: High number of nurses who infected and died from contracting covid-19 put them in a difficult situation during the covid-19. Personal protective equipment is the final line protection for nurses from the risk of Healthcare Associated Infections, while self-efficacy plays an important role in surviving from stressors during the pandemic.
AIM: This review aims to analyze factors related to the use of personal protective equipment and nurse self-efficacy during Covid-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses with six electronic databases were used. Nine cross-sectional, three cohort and survey, one case control, one surveillance study met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: From 104 articles screened, 16 articles were included in this review. The high self-protection was the main factor preventing nurses from contracting Covid-19 infection. Lack of personal protective equipment and low cautiousness was the primary factor for nurses of contracting Covid-19. Increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and insomnia were associated with nurse’s low self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION: The best protection for nurses from Covid-19 exposure is the availability and consistent use of personal protective equipment. Moreover, the consideration for designing staff training programmes and psychological support were recommended for building nurses self-efficacy.

Keywords: Health Associated Infections, Personal Protective Equipment, Nurse, Self-efficacy, Covid-19
Corrosion of indium doped E-AlMgSi aluminum conductor alloy (Aldrey)
Authors: Ganiev Izatullo N. , Aliev Firdavs A. , Odinazoda Haydar O. , Safarov Ahror M. , Usmonov Rakhmazhon 
Published: November 2021

The effect of impurities on the electrical conductivity of aluminum has been studied in detail. The electrical conductivity of aluminum is 65.45% of that of copper. The tensile strength of aluminum wire is 150–170 MPa which, at equal conductivity, is about 65% of the strength of copper wire. This strength of aluminum wire is sufficient for bearing the wire’s own weight but may be too low in case of snow, ice or wind overloads.
One way to improve the strength of aluminum wire is to use aluminum alloys having higher strength combined with sufficiently high electrical conductivity, e.g. the E-AlMgSi alloy (Aldrey). The key strengthening agent of the E-AlMgSi alloy (Aldrey) is the Mg2Si phase which imparts high mechanical strength to aluminum.
In this work we present experimental data on the kinetics of high-temperature oxidation and electrochemical corrosion of indium doped E-AlMgSi aluminum conductor alloy (Aldrey). Thermal gravimetric study has shown that indium doping and high temperature exposure increase the oxidation rate of E-AlMgSi alloy (Aldrey), with the apparent alloy oxidation activation energy decreasing from 120.5 to 91.8 kJ/mole. Alloy oxidation rate data determined using a potentiostatic technique in NaCl electrolyte media have shown that the corrosion resistance of the indium doped alloy is 20–30% superior to that of the initial alloy. With an increase in NaCl electrolyte concentration the electrochemical potentials of the alloys decrease whereas the corrosion rate increases regardless of alloy composition.
Clinical correlation of diabetic retinopathy with nephropathy and neuropathy
Authors: Saini Deep C , Kochar Anju , Poonia Raunaq 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the presence of nephropathy and neuropathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to correlate the severity of DR to that of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy.

Methods:
This prospective noninterventional hospital-based study included 57 consecutive cases of DR of either sex, presenting to the eye OPD between January 2019 and November 2020 with minimum 5-year duration of Type 1 and 2 DM. Complete ophthalmic examination was done and DR was classified according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study classification. Severity of diabetic nephropathy was based on urine albumin creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Severity of diabetic neuropathy was based on nerve conduction velocity.

Results:
The study was conducted on 57 patients of whom patients 45 were males and 12 were females. Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 22 patients, moderate in 14 patients, severe in 18 patients, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 3 patients. In our study, group 30 patients of DR presented without clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and 27 patients presented with CSME. The distribution of severity of DR according to CSME was observed to be statistically significant (P<<0.05). The association of severity of DR with severity of diabetic nephropathy was observed to be statistically significant (P<<0.05). The association of severity of DR with that of diabetic neuropathy was inconclusive.

Conclusion:
The association of severity of DR with severity of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy can be used as a marker for future chronic kidney diseases progression and also to prognosticate neurological outcomes in diabetic patients.
Elevated advanced glycation end products are associated with subfoveal ellipsoid zone disruption in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mishra Nibha , Singh Malvika , Singh Rajendra K , Saxena Sandeep 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), due to increased production and a slow turnover rate, serve as mediators of “metabolic memory” even after the resolution of hyperglycemia. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the association of AGEs with subfoveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods:
A tertiary-care-center-based cross-sectional study included 40 consecutive cases with DME and 20 healthy controls in the age group of 40–65 years. All the study subjects underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for cross-sectional imaging of the retina. The EZ was defined as a hyperreflective band below the external limiting membrane. The disruption of EZ was graded as intact EZ and disrupted EZ. Serum AGEs were assessed by assay of N
ε-carboxymethyl-lysine (N
ε-CML) using the standard protocol. Data were analyzed statistically.

Results:
Subfoveal EZ disruption was noted in 80% (32/40) of the cases of DME. In the cases without EZ disruption, visual acuity (LogMAR VA) was 0.60 ± 0.52, whereas in cases with EZ disruption, LogMAR VA was 0.96 ± 0.56 (P < 0.001). In the cases without EZ disruption, N
ε-CML was 94.31 ± 57 ng/mL, whereas in cases with EZ disruption N
ε-CML was 120.64 ± 71.98 ng/mL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In DME, increased levels of AGEs are significantly associated with EZ disruption on SD-OCT.
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus versus type 2 diabetes mellitus - A comparative observational study
Authors: Kumar Karthik , Baliga Girish , Babu Naresh , Rajan Renu P , Kumar Gautam , Mishra Chitaranjan , Chitra R , Ramasamy Kim 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical profile, visual outcomes, and complications among young adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent DM-T1DM) in comparison with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)..

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients between 18 and 45 years with T1DM undergoing vitrectomy for complications of PDR between June 2017 and June 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Consecutive patients between 30 and 45 years with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent DM-T2DM) who underwent vitrectomy for the same indications were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.

Results:
There were 42 eyes (28 patients) in the T1DM group and 58 eyes (47 patients) in the T2DM group. The average age at operation was 35.9 ± 6.88 years and 39.8 ± 3.03 years, respectively (P < 0.001). At the end of follow-up, the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.53 ± 0.55 to 1.30 ± 0.93 (P value 0.07) in the T1DM group and from 1.59 ± 0.46 to 1.00 ± 0.78 in the T2DM group (P = 0.0001). The rate of the primary and final reattachment was 76.2% and 88.1% in the T1DM group and 84.5% and 96.6% in the T2DM group. Preoperative macular tractional retinal detachment (MTRD) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in both the groups, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lack of preoperative Pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the T1DM group, hypertension (HTN) and, resurgery in the T2DM group, were risk factors for poor vision at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:
The visual and anatomic outcomes were poorer in the T1DM patients which could be due to the longer duration of diabetes with worse glycemic control, associated comorbidities like CKD, and a higher incidence of MTRD.