bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haplotype‐Resolved Genotyping and Association Analysis of 1,020 β‐Thalassemia Patients by Targeted Long‐Read Sequencing
Authors: Ye Yuhua , Niu Chao , Mao Aiping , Qin Lang , Zhan Jiahan , Chen Weijie , Liu Zhentian , Xie Tiantian , Zhang Qianqian , Li Jiaqi , Huang Li , Meng Wanli , Liu Yumeng , Liao Liuhua , Cai Junqin , Liu Riyang , Zhang Xinhua , Zeng Lihong , Li Yaoyun , Lin Bin , Li Kui , Hua Xiaoyun , Huang Binbin , Qin Honggui , Huang Yueyan , Huang Zhijing , Lao Jinquan , Qu Xiang , Chen Juanjuan , Feng Xiaoqin , Liu Qiujun , Lin Wanying , Zhou Xiaoman , Liang Yidan , Long Xingjiang , Qin Jiaofeng , Yan Lixiang , Zhu Weijian , Yu Lian , Fan Chengwu , Tang Deguo , Zhong Tianyu , Tan Jufang , Ren Zhilin , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the well‐documented mutation spectra of β‐thalassemia, the genetic variants and haplotypes of globin gene clusters modulating its clinical heterogeneity remain incompletely illustrated. Here, a targeted long‐read sequencing (T‐LRS) is demonstrated to capture 20 genes/loci in 1,020 β‐thalassemia patients. This panel permits not only identification of thalassemia mutations at 100% of sensitivity and specificity, but also detection of rare structural variants (SVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in modifier genes/loci. The highly homologous regions of α‐/β‐globin gene clusters are then phased and 3 novel haplotypes in HBG1/HBG2 region are reported in this population of β‐thalassemia patients. Furthermore, one of the haplotypes is associated with ameliorated symptoms of β‐thalassemia. Similarly, 5 major haplotypes are identified in HBA1/HBA2 homologous region while one of them is found highly linked with deletional α‐thalassemia mutations. Finally, rare mutations in erythroid transcription factors in DNMT1 and KLF1 associated with increased expression of fetal hemoglobin and reduced transfusion dependencies are identified. This study presents the largest T‐LRS study for β‐thalassemia patients to date, facilitating precise clinical diagnosis and haplotype phasing of globin gene clusters.
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Hyocholic Acid Enhances Type 3 Immunity and Protects Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Yang Zhipeng , Lin Zhiyuan , You Yaojie , Zhang Mei , Gao Ning , Wang Xinru , Peng Jian , Wei Hongkui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how microbiome colonization influences the development of intestinal type 3 immunity in neonates. The results showed that reduced oxygen levels in the small intestine of neonatal rats induced by Saccharomyces boulardii accelerated microbiome colonization and type 3 immunity development, which protected against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Microbiome maturation increased the abundance of microbiome‐encoded bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes and hyocholic acid (HCA) levels. Furthermore, reducing oxygen levels in the intestine increased the abundance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a bacterium encoding BSH, and promoted intestinal type 3 immunity. However, inhibition of BSH blocked the L. reuteri‐induced development of intestinal type 3 immunity. Mechanistically, HCA promoted the development of gamma‐delta T cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells by stabilizing the mRNA expression of RAR‐related orphan receptor C via the farnesoid X receptor–WT1‐associated protein‐N6‐methyl‐adenosine axis. These results reveal that gut microbiota‐derived HCA plays a crucial role in promoting the development of intestinal type 3 immunity in neonates. This discovery introduces potential therapeutic avenues for strengthening intestinal immunity in early life or treating bacterial infections by targeting microbial metabolites.
Enabling Aqueous Phase Long‐lived Deep‐blue Phosphorescence With Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Chen Qian , Cao Peisheng , Wu Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous‐phase phosphors are of utmost importance for a myriad of applications. However, the emission wavelengths of the current aqueous organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials are limited to green and red bands, while the blue part is rarely reported, thus limiting the development of a full‐color RTP system. Theoretically, carboxylated benzene is expected to be blue phosphorescence‐emissive, but only green phosphorescence is observed in solid, due to the strong intermolecular π–π stacking that decreases the energy gap. Herein, the use of water‐dispersible layered double hydroxide (ZnAl‐LDH) is proposed for isolating Ph‐(COOH)n and the distance between the adjacent chromophores is confirmed to be larger (≈7.0 Å) than the threshold of π–π interaction. Deep‐blue phosphorescence with a lifetime over 0.1 s, and a maximum luminescence quantum yield of 42%, is harvested in the aqueous phase. The long‐lived deep‐blue phosphorescence is successfully explored for high‐temperature display and luminescent dyes.
High Enantiomeric Purity Carboxylic Acid Synthesis via Synergistic Electrocatalytic Oxidation Using Mn‐NiSe2 and Aminoxyl Radicals
Authors: He Jiahui , Li Suiqin , Li Kai , Liu Lihao , Wang Yuhang , Ren Linhan , Chen Ying , Wang Jieyu , Cao Yongyong , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChiral drugs play an indispensable role in pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. However, large‐scale synthesis is hindered by challenges such as low reaction rates, racemization, and difficulties in scaling up. In this study, an effective synergistic electrocatalytic strategy involving a 3D Mn‐NiSe2/GF electrocatalyst and aminoxyl is proposed and demonstrated for the multi‐hundred‐gram scale synthesis of the chiral drug intermediate Levetiracetam. The mild reaction conditions of electrocatalysis effectively preserves the stereochemical configuration adjacent to the oxidation site, achieving yields of up to 93.5% and enantiomeric excess retention of 99.1% through process intensification in a continuous flow electrolyzer. Surface reconstruction of the Mn‐NiSe2/GF and potential catalytic mechanisms are validated through a series of electrochemical and in situ characterizations. Additionally, theoretical calculations elucidate the critical role of Mn doping in the adsorption of intermediates. The electrode area is expanded from 10 to 1200 cm2 in the modular stacked electrolyzer, with ee retention remaining above 97.6% across varying reaction scales from 7.8 to 250 g further validating the robustness and scalability of the process. This work offers an effective approach for preparing efficient electrocatalytic materials and synthesizing chiral pharmaceutical intermediates, providing valuable insights for the design and application of modular industrial‐scale electrolyzers.
Thinopyrum intermedium showed a slower establishment phase compared to winter wheat in a controlled environment
Authors: Fagnant Laura , Delaplace Pierre , Delory Benjamin M. , Dumont Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThinopyrum intermedium is currently proposed as a perennial grain crop benefiting from raising interest through its environmental performances. As a new crop, little attention was paid to the understanding of the eco‐physiological regulations of its growth cycle. We conducted an experiment in growth chambers to evaluate the aboveground and belowground development of Th. intermedium in comparison to annual wheat during the first days of growth after sowing. The dynamic of growth was faster for wheat, in line with a strategy of rapid acquisition of resources and a quicker colonization of its environment compared to Th. intermedium. In contrast, the latter had a preferential investment in roots that could reflect an adaptation from nutrient‐poor environments to prioritize soil resource acquisition. These insights highlighted a slow establishment phase for this new crop, which may lead to difficulties during the field establishment, such as weed competition, but could enable it to withstand stressful conditions in terms of soil resources once well established.
Cereal rye biomass effects on giant ragweed suppression inform management decisions
Authors: Chudzik Guilherme , Nunes Jose J. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Stoltenberg David E. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) has become one of the most troublesome weeds across the US Midwest partially due to its early emergence, high competitiveness, and herbicide resistance evolution. This study aimed to determine the amount of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass needed to suppress giant ragweed establishment and growth. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Rock County Farm near Janesville, WI, in naturally infested giant ragweed fields. At establishment, the research site was tilled to remove weed biomass and crop residue, followed by placement of eight cereal rye biomass treatments: 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, and 12.0 Mg ha−1. Cereal rye biomass was collected from a fall‐seeded cover‐cropped field, oven‐dried until constant mass, and evenly spread on the surface of each plot based on respective rates. Data were collected 42 days after study establishment, consisting of giant ragweed plant height, density, and dry biomass. Results showed that 3.8 and 4.8 Mg ha−1 of cereal rye biomass reduced giant ragweed biomass and density by 50%, respectively, compared to the no‐biomass treatment. Maximum giant ragweed height reduction in this study was 40% compared to the no‐biomass treatment. Our results show that cereal rye cover crop biomass was effective in suppressing giant ragweed establishment and growth with a minimum of 3.8 Mg ha−1 cereal rye biomass for >50% suppression of giant ragweed establishment and growth. These results quantify the relationship between cereal rye dry biomass and the suppression of giant ragweed, and can support grower decision‐making for timing of cereal rye termination.
Forage rotation and tillage effects on soil physical and chemical properties
Authors: Holman Johnathan D. , Mauler Payton S. , Obour Augustine K. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Simon Logan M. , Assefa Yared 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnnual forages can be grown more intensively than grain crops, which may have negative impacts on soil health because of biomass removal. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of annual forage crop rotations of varying intensity, diversity, forage removal, and associated tillage practices on soil physical and chemical properties. A long‐term forage study was conducted near Garden City, KS. The six rotation and tillage combination treatments of the study were (1) forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)–forage sorghum (FS–FS) no‐tillage (NT), (2) triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum])/FS–FS–oat (Avena sativa L.; T/FS–FS–O) reduced till (RT), (3) T/FS‐FS‐O NT, (4) T/FS–FS–FS‐O NT, (5) T/FS–FS–FS–O RT, and (6) T–FS–O NT. Soil samples were taken in 2021 and 2022 at depths of 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm from the experimental plots and adjacent land used for grain production in a wheat‐sorghum‐fallow rotation. Results of the study indicated that the less intense rotation, T‐FS‐O, had more water stable microaggregates, the grain control had smaller macroaggregates, and T/FS‐FS‐O RT had larger macroaggregates and tended to have fewer small aggregates. Similarly, diverse forage rotations like T‐FS‐FS‐FS‐O had larger sized (2.0–6.3 mm) dry aggregates and tended to have fewer smaller aggregates. The grain control had more medium sized (0.42–0.84 mm) dry aggregate than T/FS‐FS‐O RT. Soil total nitrogen concentrations were less for less diverse or less intense forage rotations compared with the grain control, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and P were less for all forages compared with the grain control, perhaps because forage harvesting reduced crop residue cover and organic matter cycling. We conclude that forage systems that remove biomass from the field should be integrated with management that leaves more residue on the soil surface, such as allowing forage regrowth after hay harvest, alternating between hay removal and grazing, or rotating between forage and grain crops to keep more residue on the soil surface to maintain SOC and protect the soil from erosion.
Guidelines for the standardization of pre‐analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group
Authors: Ng Ted K. S. , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Lim Mei‐Ann , Gleerup Helena Sophia , Leifert Wayne , Ajalo Catherine , Ashton Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Rissman Robert A. , Winston Charisse N. , O’ Bryant Sid , Jenkins Robert , Carro Eva , Orive Gorka , Tamburin Stefano , Olvera‐Rojas Marcos , Solis‐Urra Patricio , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Santos Gustavo Alves Andrade Dos , Rajan Kumar B. , Koh David , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Slowey Paul D. ,   the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment: Biofluid Based Biomarkers Professional Interest Area Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group (ISTAART‐BBB‐PIA‐SWG)
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers. We critically appraised the current state of the literature, examining both consistencies and discrepancies in existing pre‐analytical variables and methodologies. We discussed how various pre‐analytical variables could influence the detection and quantification of salivary biomarkers, showed technologies available to standardize collection procedures, and proposed a standardized pre‐analytical protocol to guide future studies on salivary AD biomarker examinations. We identified potential contexts of use, gaps, and priorities and proposed future research directions.Highlights
Given its non‐invasive nature, wider accessibility, and cultural acceptability, particularly in low‐resourced settings, saliva is a biofluid complementary to blood and CSF.
Current salivary AD biomarker studies do not control for many confounding pre‐analytical variables during the sampling process, potentially leading to inaccurate salivary biomarker readings and conclusions, contributing to conflicting findings.
Reviewing the current literature, including the consistencies and non‐consistencies observed in the existing parameters and methodologies, discussing how they can affect salivary AD biomarker detection and quantification.
Proposing a standardized salivary pre‐analytical protocol, identifying the gaps and prioritizations needed to move this area forward, proposing future directions and potential contexts of use.
Spatial proteomic differences in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, and primary age‐related tauopathy hippocampi
Authors: Richardson Timothy E. , Orr Miranda E. , Orr Timothy C. , Rohde Susan K. , Ehrenberg Alexander J. , Thorn Emma L. , Christie Thomas D. , Flores‐Almazan Victoria , Afzal Robina , De Sanctis Claudia , Maldonado‐Díaz Carolina , Hiya Satomi , Canbeldek Leyla , Kulumani Mahadevan Lakshmi Shree , Slocum Cheyanne , Samanamud Jorge , Clare Kevin , Scibetta Nicholas , Yokoda Raquel T. , Koenigsberg Daniel , Marx Gabriel A. , Kauffman Justin , Goldstein Adam , Selmanovic Enna , Drummond Eleanor , Wisniewski Thomas , White Charles L. , Goate Alison M. , Crary John F. , Farrell Kurt , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. , Bieniek Kevin F. , Kautz Tiffany F. , Daoud Elena V. , Walker Jamie M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD), primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) all feature hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau)–immunoreactive neurofibrillary degeneration, but differ in neuroanatomical distribution and progression of neurofibrillary degeneration and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.METHODSWe used Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling to compare the expression of 70 proteins in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)‐bearing and non–NFT‐bearing neurons in hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA4 subregions and entorhinal cortex of cases with autopsy‐confirmed AD (n = 8), PART (n = 7), and CTE (n = 5).RESULTSThere were numerous subregion‐specific differences related to Aβ processing, autophagy/proteostasis, inflammation, gliosis, oxidative stress, neuronal/synaptic integrity, and p‐tau epitopes among these different disorders.DISCUSSIONThese results suggest that there are subregion‐specific proteomic differences among the neurons of these disorders, which appear to be influenced to a large degree by the presence of hippocampal Aβ. These proteomic differences may play a role in the differing hippocampal p‐tau distribution and pathogenesis of these disorders.Highlights
Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), possible primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), definite PART, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can be differentiated based on the proteomic composition of their neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)‐ and non–NFT‐bearing neurons.
The proteome of these NFT‐ and non–NFT‐bearing neurons is largely correlated with the presence or absence of amyloid beta (Aβ).
Neurons in CTE and definite PART (Aβ‐independent pathologies) share numerous proteomic similarities that distinguish them from ADNC and possible PART (Aβ‐positive pathologies).
Quantum Speed Limit and Nonclassicality in Open Quantum System Models Using the Wigner Function
Authors: Gaharwar Arti , Tiwari Devvrat , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe quantum speed limit and the Wigner function of open system models are studied. To this end, the phase covariant and a two‐qubit model interacting with a squeezed thermal bath via position‐dependent coupling are used. The dependence of the coupling on the position of the qubits allows for the study of the dynamics in the collective regime, which is conducive to speeding up the evolution. An interesting interplay is observed between non‐Markovian behavior, quantumness, and the quantum speed limit. The presence of quantum correlations is seen to speed up the evolution.
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO on Ni‐Based Cationic Polymer with TiO2‐Assisted Exfoliation and Stabilization
Authors: Wu Can , Song Ke , Zhang Xiting , Tan Bien , Liao Rongzhen , Liu Zhao‐Qing , Zhu Huaiyong , Wang Jingyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous organic polymers have shown great potential in photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to their unique tunable structure favoring gas adsorption and metal sites integration. However, efficient photocatalysis in porous polymers is greatly limited by the low surface reactivity and electron mobility of bulk structure. Herein, we incorporate TiO2 nanoparticles and Ni(II) sites into a layered cationic imidazolium polymer (IP), in which the imidazolium moieties and free anions can stabilize the key intermediates and enhance the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction. During the photocatalytic reaction, the layered TiO2/NiIP is in situ exfoliated to nanosheets (NSs) with more accessible active sites and shorten electron transport pathways. The formed TiO2/NiIP‐NSs exhibit an impressively high CO production rate as 54.9 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 with selectivity of 99.9 %. The embedding with TiO2 nanoparticles could improve the electron transport efficiency so as to facilitate the photochemical stripping process of layered polymer. Moreover, the exfoliated nanosheets with assistance of TiO2 possess excellent stability during the recycling experiments in comparison to the rapidly declined activity of NiIP‐NSs. This work presents a new strategy to construct highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Achievement vs. engagement: Providing support in socially disadvantaged schools
Authors: Obrovská Jana , Majcík Martin , Simonová Jaroslava 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEducational inequalities persist between students of low socioeconomic status and their more affluent peers. At the same time, there is evidence of positive relations between student engagement and achievement. This multiple case study investigates a national project aimed at increasing student engagement and achievement through post‐Covid‐19 support focused on disadvantaged schools in the Czech Republic. School staff perceived poor attendance, low student motivation and discipline problems as the most challenging issues to be addressed through project support measures. Attendance problems are tackled mainly through experiential activities; motivation and discipline problems are usually addressed by personnel positions. We argue that the selected measures aimed predominantly to support student emotional and behavioural engagement; strategies to enhance cognitive engagement and student achievement were sidelined. Paradoxically, student engagement may become a goal in itself rather than being inscribed into learning outcomes. Implications for programme support and school improvement research are suggested.
Epithelial Polarity Loss and Multilayer Formation: Insights Into Tumor Growth and Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Jie , Hosen Md Biplob , Deng Wu‐Min , Tian Aiguo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEpithelial tissues serve as critical barriers in metazoan organisms, maintaining structural integrity and facilitating essential physiological functions. Epithelial cell polarity regulates mechanical properties, signaling, and transport, ensuring tissue organization and homeostasis. However, the barrier function is challenged by cell turnover during development and maintenance. To preserve tissue integrity while removing dying or unwanted cells, epithelial tissues employ cell extrusion. This process removes both dead and live cells from the epithelial layer, typically causing detached cells to undergo apoptosis. Transformed cells, however, often resist apoptosis, leading to multilayered structures and early carcinogenesis. Malignant cells may invade neighboring tissues. Loss of cell polarity can lead to multilayer formation, cell extrusion, and invasion. Recent studies indicate that multilayer formation in epithelial cells with polarity loss involves a mixture of wild‐type and mutant cells, leading to apical or basal accumulation. The directionality of accumulation is regulated by mutations in polarity complex genes. This phenomenon, distinct from traditional apical or basal extrusion, exhibits similarities to the endophytic or exophytic growth observed in human tumors. This review explores the regulation and implications of these phenomena for tissue biology and disease pathology.