bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Deformation and Compensation for Micromilled Thin Walls With High Aspect Ratios
Authors: Li Yang , Cheng Xiang , Ling Siying , Zheng Guangming , He Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to further improve the dimensional accuracy of micromilled thin walls with high aspect ratios, the machining process should be actively controlled. An active cutting force measurement and cutting parameter compensation device is developed to realize the real-time measurement of radial cutting forces and compensation of radial cutting parameters in thin wall cutting process. Firstly, based on the cantilever beam deformation theory, a mathematical model is established to calculate the deformation and cutting force of thin walls. By measuring the cutting force, the thin wall deformation in the cutting process could be estimated. Then, the obtained incremental thin wall deformation is to be compared with the compensation threshold, which is set at 0.5 μm. If the value of the incremental deformation is less than 0.5 μm, compensation will not be processed. Otherwise, the incremental deformation is used as the compensation value for iterative compensation, until the incremental deformation of the thin wall is less than 0.5 μm. At last, a contrast experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the introduced device and method are feasible. Machining quality of the thin wall has been obviously improved in dimension precision after the cutting parameter compensations.
Natural Phytoalexin Stilbene Compound Resveratrol and its Derivatives as Anti-tobacco Mosaic Virus and Anti- Phytopathogenic Fungus Agents
Authors: Song Pengfei , Yu Xiuling , Yang Wenqiang , Wang Qingmin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plant diseases caused by plant viruses and pathogens seriously affect crop yield and quality, and it is very difficult to control them. The discovery of new leads based on natural products is an important way to innovate pesticides. In this work, based on the resveratrol is a kind of natural phytoalexin, but it cannot be used as candidate for the development of new drug due to its poor druggability, novel resveratrol derivatives with improved water solubility and highly potent biological activity could be obtained by chemical modifying of chemical structure of resveratrol, the phenolic hydroxyl groups in the resveratrol structure are easily destroyed by oxidation, in order to improve its stability, ester formation is the most commonly used modification method in drug design, which can protect the hydroxyl groups from oxidation and improve its solubility, stability and druggability. The present study was designed to synthesize ester derivatives of E-resveratrol and evaluate their activities against TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus). A series of resveratrol ester derivatives have been successfully synthesized via a feasible chemical modification. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) of these ester derivatives has been tested for the first time. The bioassay results showed part of the target compounds exhibited good to excellent in vivo activities against TMV. The optimum compounds III-2 (inhibitory rates of 50, 53, and 59% at 500 µg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo, respectively), III-4 (inhibitory rates of 57, 59, and 51% at 500 µg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo, respectively), and II-5 (inhibitory rates of 54, 52, and 51% at 500 µg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo, respectively) displayed higher activity than commercial plant virucide ribavirin (inhibitory rates of 38, 37, and 40% at 500 µg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo, respectively). Compounds I-9 and I-10 also showed excellent activities. The systematic study provides strong evidence that these simple resveratrol derivatives could become potential TMV inhibitors. The novel concise structure provides another new template for antiviral studies.
Transcriptional Regulation of Exopolysaccharide-related Genes in Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum VAL6 Under Environmental Stresses
Authors: Le Trung-Son , Nguyen Phu-Tho , Nguyen-Ho Song-Hao , Nguyen Tang-Phu , Nguyen Thi-Tho , Thai My-Ngan , Nguyen-Thi To-Uyen , Nguyen Minh-Chon , Hoang Quoc-Khanh , Huu-Thanh NGUYEN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental factors can alter exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in LAB. To further clarify this potential relationship, the mRNA expression of exopolysaccharide-related genes such as glmU, pgmB1, cps4E, cps4F, cps4J and cps4H genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 under different conditions including high temperature, acidic or alkaline pH, sodium chloride (NaCl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) intensification culture was studied. The transcriptomic data revealed that the exposure of L. plantarum VAL6 to acid at pH 3 increased the expression level of cps4H but decreased the expression levels of pgmB1 and cps4E. Under pH 8 stress, cps4F and cps4E were significantly upregulated, whereas pgmB1 was downregulated. Similarly, the expression levels of cps4F, cps4E and cps4J increased sharply under stresses at 42 or 47oC. In the case of NaCl stress, glmU, pgmB1, cps4J and cps4H were downregulated in exposure to NaCl at 7-10% concentrations while cps4E and cps4F were upregulated at 1 h of 10% NaCl treatment and at 5 h of 4% NaCl treatment. Remarkably, CO2 intensification culture stimulated the expression of all tested genes. In addition, simultaneous changes in expression of cps4E and cps4F under environmental challenges may elicit the possibility of an association between the two genes. These findings indicated that the expression level of exopolysaccharide-related genes is responsible for changes in the yield and monosaccharide composition of exopolysaccharides under environmental stresses.
Title page An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism by a novel entomopathogen – Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)
Authors: Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Podder Dipanjan , Mukerjee Anirvan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Anopheline larvicidal property of T. asperellum has been found recently in medical science. The mechanisms of action exhibited by T. asperellum to infect mosquito larvae is the pivotal context of our present study. To infect an insect, entomopathogens must undergo some events of pathogenesis. We performed some experiments to find out the mechanisms of action of T. asperellum against anopheline larvae and compared its actions with other two well recognized entomopathogens like Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. The methodology adopted for this includes Compound light and SE Microscopic study of host-pathogen interaction, detection of fungal spore adhesion on larval surface (Mucilage assay), detection of cuticle degrading enzymes (Spore bound pr1, Chitinase and Protease ) by spectro-photometric method, Quantitative estimation of Chitinase and Protease enzymes, and determination of nuclear degeneration of hemocyte cells of ME treated larvae by T. asperellum under florescence microscope. Compound light microscopic studies showed spore attachment, appressorium and germ tube formation, invasion and proliferated hyphal growth of T. asperellum on epicuticle and inside of dead larvae. SEM study also supported them. After 3 hrs of interaction, spores were found to be attached on larval surface exhibiting pink coloured outer layer at the site of attachment indicating the presence of mucilage surrounding the attached spores. The enzymatic cleavage of the 4-nitroanilide substrate yields 4-nitroaniline which indicates the presence of spore-bound PR1 protein and it was highest (absorbance 1.298 ± 0.002) for T. asperellum in comparison with control and other two entomopathogens. T. asperellum exhibited highest enzymatic index values for both chitinase (5.20) and protease (2.77) among three entomomethogens. Quantitative experiment showed that chitinase enzyme concentration of T. asperellum (245 µg/mL) was better than other two M. anisopliae (134.59 µg/mL) and B. bassiana (128.65 µg/mL). Similarly Protease enzyme concentration of this fungus was best (298.652 µg/mL) among three entomopathogens. Here we have detected and estimated fragmentized nuclei of hemocyte cells by fluorescence microscopy in treated larvae with different ME doses of T. asperellum, and also observed that mosquito larvae exposed to 0.1mg/ml dose of ME showed maximum (100%) nuclear fragmentations of hemocytes and while 20, 45, 70 and 85% of nuclear deformities were recorded at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg/ml concentration of ME. The knowledge of this work certainly will help in understanding of mechanism of action of T. asperellum for anopheline larval killing and consequently in eradication of malaria vector.
sABLATE: A Simplified ABLATE Score for Prediction of Complications and Outcome in Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Renal Lesions
Authors: Papa Maurizio , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Colombo Roberta , Ierardi Anna Maria , Angileri Salvatore Alessio , Lucignani Gianpaolo , Boeri Luca , Montanari Emanuele , Cardone Gianpiero , Scagnelli Paola , Carrafiello Gianpaolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the performance of a simplified-ABLATE score (sABLATE) in predicting complications and outcome in respect to RENAL, mRENAL and ABLATE scores. Methods This study included 136 renal lesions in 113 patients (M:F ratio=2.5; mean age 70.8 years). 98 tumors underwent cryoablation at San Raffaele hospital between 01/2015 and 03/2020, 37 microwave ablation at San Paolo or Policlinico hospitals between 07/2016 and 03/2020. RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE and sABLATE scores were calculated using preprocedural imaging. Data regarding complications and follow-up were registered. Mann-Whitney U test, ROC analyses, and logistic regression analyses were used for complications. Cox-regression analyses were performed for outcome Results Mean tumor diameter was 23.2mm. Mean and median RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE and sABLATE scores were 6.8 and 7, 6.9 and 7, 5.3 and 5, and 3.5 and 3, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 21.9 months (range 1-73) we registered 7 complications, 3 cases of residual disease and 10 local tumor progressions. Mann-Whitney U test p-values for complications for RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE and sABLATE were 0.51, 0.49, 0.66 and 0.056 respectively. ROC analyses for complications showed an AUC for RENAL, mRENAL, ABLATE and sABLATE of 0.57, 0.57, 0.55 and 0.71 respectively. Regarding outcome, HR and p-values of Cox-regression analyses were 1.30 and 0.36 for RENAL, 1.33 and 0.35 for mRENAL, 2.16 and 0.01 for ABLATE, 2.29 and 0.004 for sABLATE.Conclusion sABLATE was the only score close to significance for complications, representing a progress even if not definitive. Regarding outcome, ABLATE confirmed its value, and sABLATE maintained validity despite being a simplification.
Removal of Murexide Dye from Aqueous Solution Using A Novel Schiff Base Tin(IV) Compound
Authors: BOZBAS SEDA KARAYÜNLÜ , Aras Begüm Canan Yıldız , Karabulut Muhammed , Kayan Asgar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Schiff base tin (IV) compound was synthesized by reactions between 2-((E)-(p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol (TIMPH) and butyltin trichloride in 2:1 mole ratio in ethanol at room temperature. [SnBuCl3(TIMPH)2] was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Optimization of Murexide dye from aqueous solution was performed by examining; effect of contact time, initial pH, adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration and temperature on the tin adsorbent. The highest adsorption recovery value of was 98.00% and the adsorption capacity was 248.8 mg/g at the end of 20 minutes at 100 mg/L dye concentration while the temperature was 25°C and the pH was 3. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherms were calculated at 25 ºC. The highest R2 value was found 0.099 for the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption characteristics of murexide dye showed that adsorption kinetic obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the thermodynamic data suggested the spontaneous and exothermic process.
Researching, Co-creating and Testing Innovations in Paper Health Information Systems (PHISICC) to Support Health Workers Decision-making: Protocol of a Multi-country, Transdisciplinary, Mixed-methods Research Programme in Three Sub-saharan Countries
Authors: Bosch-Capblanch Xavier , O’Donnell David , Krause L Kendall , Auer Christian , Oyo-Ita Angela , Samba Mamadou , Matsinhe Graça , Garba Abdullahi Bulama , Rodríguez Damaris , Zuske Meike , Njepuome Anthonia Ngozi , Lee Sofia Micael Mandjate , Ross Amanda , Gajewski Suzanne , Muloliwa Artur Manuel , Yapi Richard B , Brown David W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth Information Systems are crucial to provide data for decision-making and data demands are constantly growing. However, the link between data and decisions is not always rational nor linear and the management of data ends up overloading frontline health workers, who may have to compromise the health care. Despite limited evidence, there is an increasing push for the digitalisation of Health Information Systems, which faces enormous challenges, particularly in remote, rural settings in low- and middle-income countries. Paper-based tools will continue to be used and this warrants efforts to make them more responsive to local needs. Paper Health Information Systems (PHISICC) is a transdisciplinary, multi-country research initiative to create and test innovative paper-based Health Information Systems in three Sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsThe PHISICC initiative is taking place in remote, rural settings, in Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique and Nigeria, through partnership with Ministries of Health and research institutions. We began with research syntheses to acquire the most up to date knowledge on Health Information Systems. These were coupled with field work in the three countries to understand the current design, patterns and contexts of use, and health care worker perspectives. Frontline health workers, with designers and researchers, used co-creation methods to produce the new PHISICC tools. This suite of tools is being tested in the three countries. Throughout the project, we have engaged with a wide range of stakeholders and have kept the highest scientific standards to keep it relevant to health policy in each of the three countries.DiscussionWe have deployed a comprehensive research approach to ensure the robustness and future policy uptake of the finding. Beyond the resulting paper-based tool design innovations, our process itself was innovative. Rather than emphasizing the data management compliance aspects we focused instead on frontline health workers’ decision-making; by tackling the whole scope of health care areas in Primary Health Care rather than incremental improvement to existing tools, we developed an entirely new design approach and language for a suite of tools in Primary Health Care. The initiative is being tested in remote, rural areas where the most vulnerable live.
Financial risk protection for neurosurgical care in Indonesia and the Philippines: a primer on health financing for the global neurosurgeon
Authors: Ferraris  , Yap  , Bautista Maria Cristina G. , Wardhana Dewa Putu Wisnu , Maliawan  , Wirawan  , Rosyidi  , Seng Kenny , Navarro Joseph Erroll 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Which conditions treated by neurosurgeons cause the worst economic hardship among patients in low- and middle-income countries? Might a responsive health financing be the solution to the inequities in the delivery of neurosurgical care? In this review article, we attempt to answer these questions that are relevant to global neurosurgery. Based on the results of a survey of neurosurgeons from Indonesia and the Philippines, socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with malignant intracranial tumors were found to incur the highest out-of-pocket expenses. The surveyed neurosurgeons also observed that treatment of traumatic brain injury may have to require greater financial subsidies. It is therefore imperative to frame health financing alongside the goals of equity, efficiency, and quality of neurosurgical care for the impoverished. Using principles and perspectives from managerial economics and public health, we conceptualize an implementation framework that addresses both the supply and demand sides of healthcare provision as applied to neurosurgery. For the supply side, strategic purchasing enables a systematic and contractual management of payment arrangements that provide performance-based economic incentives for providers. For the demand side, the scheme of conditional cash transfers similarly leverages on financial incentives to reward certain health-seeking behaviors of patients that significantly influence their clinical outcomes. We formulate these health financing strategies in order to ultimately build neurosurgical capacity in LMICs, improve access to care for patients, and ensure financial risk protection.
Megavolt Bremsstrahlung Measurements from Linear Induction Accelerators Demonstrate Possible Use as a FLASH Radiotherapy Source to Reduce Acute Toxicity
Authors: Sampayan Stephen , Sampayan Kristin , Caporaso George , Chen Yu-Jiuan , Falabella Steve , Hawkins Steven A. , Hearn Jason , Watson James , Zentler Jan-Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent studies indicate better efficacy and healthy tissue sparing with high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) cancer treatment. This technique delivers a prompt high radiation dose rather than fractional doses over a longer period of time. The threshold is >40 Gy-s-1 with a maximal effect at >100 Gy-s-1 that must be maintained in the treatment volume. Mechanisms are still widely debated, but toxicity is minimized while inducing apoptosis in malignant tissue. Delivery technologies to date show that a capability gap exists with clinic scale, broad area, deep penetrating, high dose rate capability. Based on present trends, if FLASH-RT is adopted, it may become a dominant approach except in the least technologically advanced countries. The linear induction accelerator (LIA) developed for high current, high repetition rate, species independent charged particle acceleration, has yet to be considered for this application. We briefly review the status of LIA technology, explore the physics of bremsstrahlung-converter-target interactions and our work on stabilizing the electron beam. While the gradient of the LIA is low, we present our preliminary work to improve the gradient by an order of magnitude, presenting a point design for a multibeam FLASH-RT system using a single accelerator for application to conformal FLASH-RT.
Effect of carbon source and metal toxicity for potential acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment with an anaerobic sludge using sulfate-reduction
Authors: Loreto C. D. , Monge O. , Martin A. R. , Ochoa-Herrera V. , Sierra-Alvarez R. , Almendariz F. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study compares sulfate-reduction performance in an anaerobic sludge with different carbon sources (ethanol, acetate, and glucose). Also, the toxic effect of copper was evaluated to assess its feasibility for possible acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment. Serological bottles with 1.5 g VSS/L and 150 mL of basal medium (0.67 g COD/g SO42− at a 7–8 pH) were used to determine the percentage of electron equivalents, maximum specific methanogenic (SMA), and sulfide generation activities (SGA). The copper effect was evaluated in a previously activated sludge in batch bioassays containing different concentrations of copper (0–50 mg/L), 3 gVSS/L, and 150 mL of basal medium (0.67 g COD/g SO42−). Carbon source bioassays with glucose obtained the best results in terms of the SGA (1.73 ± 0.34 mg S2−/g VSS•d) and SMA (10.41 mg COD-CH4/g VSS•d). The electron flow in the presence of glucose also indicated that 21.29 ± 5.2% of the metabolic activity of the sludge was directed towards sulfidogenesis. Copper toxicity bioassays indicated that a considerable decline in metabolic activity occurs above 10 mg/L. The 20%IC, 50%IC, and 80%IC were 4.5, 14.94, and 35.31 mg Cu/L. Compared to the other carbon sources tested, glucose proved to be a suitable electron donor since it favors sulfidogenesis. Finally, copper concentrations above 15 mg/L inhibited metabolic activity in the toxicity bioassays.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Breastfeeding as a Factor in the Prevention
of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cabrera Luna , Trapero Isabel 
Published: April 2021

Background:
As cancer is one of the main causes of fatal illnesses in the world, and breast
cancer is responsible for an elevated number of deaths in women, it is important to implement measures
to prevent this disease.

Method:
In order to assess the influence of breastfeeding in preventing breast cancer in women,
forteen prospective cohort articles are included in this study, and their methodological quality has been
assessed through the Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale cohort studies. After determining the
risk of bias for each case study, those with fewer systematic errors and therefore greater validity, have
been selected to demonstrate the relationship they propose exists between breastfeeding and breast
cancer.

Results:
50% percent of the research included found that breastfeeding does not reduce the risk of
breast cancer, while the other 50% argue that it is a protective factor. However, with regards to quality,
the case studies that conclude that breastfeeding is not associated with breast cancer have more evidential
support.

Conclusion:
It is difficult to establish whether or not breastfeeding prevents breast cancer, given the
diversity of conclusions in the literature. Nevertheless, the findings of this study reinforce the importance
of developing strategies to improve long-term women's health in the field of prevention.
Stability Indicating Assay Method for the Determination of Febuxostat by
RP-HPLC
Authors: Kachave Ramanlal N. , Mandlik Pragati B. , Mundhe Akshay G. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
A simple, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC stability indicating method
was developed and validated for the estimation of Febuxostat in bulk drug and marketed tablet
formulation.

Methods:
The chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm)
using solvent 15 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) and acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) as a mobile
phase at flow rate of 1 mL/min and ambient column temperature analysis were carried out at
detection wavelength of 315 nm.

Result:
The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD and LOQ,
and robustness. The linearity was studied in the concentration range of 5-25 μg/mL and correlation
coefficient was found to be 0.999. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found to
be 0.37 μg/mL and 1.13 μg/mL. Febuxostat was subjected to stress conditions of degradation,
including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradation. Febuxostat is more
sensitive toward acidic condition than oxidation and less sensitive towards alkaline, thermal and
photolytic degradation.

Conclusion:
The method is simple, reliable, sensitive and precise, which could separate the drug
and their degraded product formed under various stress conditions; thus it can be employed as
stability-indicating method for the determination of FBX in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.