bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal evaluation of gridded precipitation products for the high‐altitude Indus basin
Authors: Dahri Zakir Hussain , Ludwig Fulco , Moors Eddy , Ahmad Shakil , Ahmad Bashir , Shoaib Muhammad , Ali Irfan , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Pomee Muhammad Saleem , Mangrio Abdul Ghafoor , Ahmad Muhammad Munir , Kabat Pavel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe high‐altitude Indus basin is one of the most complex and inadequately explored mountain terrains in the World, where reliable observations of precipitation are highly lacking. Therefore, spatially distributed precipitation products developed at global/regional scale are often used in several scientific disciplines. However, large uncertainties in precipitation estimates of such precipitation data sets often lead to suboptimal outcomes. In this study, performance of 27 widely used gridded precipitation products belonging to three different categories of gauge‐based, reanalysis and merged products is evaluated with respect to high‐quality reference climatologies of mean monthly precipitation. Widely used statistical measures and quantitative analysis techniques are used to analyse the spatial patterns and quantitative distribution of mean monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation at sub‐regional scale. Mean annual precipitation estimates of the gridded data sets are cross validated with the corresponding adjusted streamflows using Turc‐Budyko non‐dimensional analysis. Results reveal poor to moderately good performance of the gridded data sets. Marked differences in spatiotemporal and quantitative distribution of precipitation are found among the data sets. All data sets are consistent in their patterns showing negative or dry bias in wet areas and positive or wet bias in dry areas, although considerable differences in the magnitudes of the biases are noticed at sub‐regional scale. None of the data sets is equally good for all sub‐regions due to very high spatiotemporal variability in their performance at sub‐regional scale. Gauge‐based and merged products performed better in dry regions and during monsoon season, while reanalysis products provided better estimates in wet areas and during winter months. GPCC V8, ERA5 and MSWEP2.2 are found better than their counter‐grouped data sets. Overall, ERA5 is found most acceptable for all sub‐regions, particularly at higher‐altitudes, in wet areas and during winter months.
Seascape topography slows predicted range shifts in fish under climate change
Authors: Champion Curtis , Coleman Melinda A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShifts in marine species distributions are occurring rapidly in response to climate change, yet predicted rates of change are partly dependent on the data used to estimate species distributions. While pelagic fishes are known to respond to dynamic oceanographic variables, static topographic features can also regulate their distributions, yet the effect of topography on rates of range shifts remains poorly understood. For a suite of five pelagic fishes from an ocean warming hotspot, we developed generalized additive mixed models that did and did not incorporate preferences for seascape topographic heterogeneity when estimating species distributions. Monthly spatial predictions over two decades revealed that poleward extensions in species' core environmental habitats were significantly reduced by 5.3–60.4% (7.1–131.4 km per decade) when preferences for seascape topography were incorporated. These findings suggest that ignoring species associations with static environmental features can substantially affect predicted rates of climate‐driven redistributions in fishes.
Sperm chromatin integrity and DNA methylation in Norwegian Red bulls of contrasting fertility
Authors: Narud Birgitte , Khezri Abdolrahman , Zeremichael Teklu Tewoldebrhan , Stenseth Else‐Berit , Heringstad Bjørg , Johannisson Anders , Morrell Jane M. , Collas Philippe , Myromslien Frøydis Deinboll , Kommisrud Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the complexity of chromatin integrity was investigated in frozen‐thawed semen samples from 37 sires with contrasting fertility, expressed as 56‐day non‐return rates (NR56). Protamine deficiency, thiols, and disulfide bonds were assessed and compared with previously published data for DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS). In addition, in vitro embryo development and sperm DNA methylation were assessed using semen samples from 16 of these bulls. The percentages of DFI and HDS were negatively associated with NR56 and cleavage rate and positively associated with sperm protamine deficiency (p < 0.05). Significant differences in cleavage and blastocyst rates were observed between bulls of high and low NR56. However, once fertilization occurred, further development into blastocysts was not associated with NR56. The differential methylation analysis showed that spermatozoa from bulls of low NR56 were hypermethylated compared to bulls of high NR56. Pathway analysis showed that genes annotated to differentially methylated cytosines could participate in different biological pathways and have important biological roles related to bull fertility. In conclusion, sperm cells from Norwegian Red bulls of inferior fertility have less compact chromatin structure, higher levels of DNA damage, and are hypermethylated compared with bulls of superior fertility.
Dynamics and stability of matter‐wave solitons in cigar‐shaped Bose–Einstein condensates dragged by Pöschl–Teller potential
Authors: Pereira Lucas Carvalho , Marangoni Bruno Spolon , do Nascimento Valter Aragão 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we theoretically investigate the dynamics and stability of matter‐wave solitons (MWS) in a cigar‐shaped Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) consisting of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions trapped by Pöschl–Teller (PT) potential. In this scenario, we propose the idea of the BEC being dragged by PT potential at a constant speed. The BEC was modeled by the quasi‐one‐dimensional Gross–Piteaevskii Equation (1D‐GPE). In addition, an analytical (time‐dependent variational method) and numerical (split‐step Crank–Nicolson method) approach has been proposed to investigate the dynamic properties of solitons during the temporal evolution of this system. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrated that MWSs dragged by PT potential can be stable. From a general point of view, the results obtained in this paper can motivate both theoretical and experimental investigations on the dynamics and stability of solitons in dilute and ultracold unitary Bose gases trapped by PT potential, nonlinear optical properties in PT quantum wells, and propagation of solitons in nonlinear media.
Dietary protein content and digestibility influences discrimination of amino acid nitrogen isotope values in a terrestrial omnivorous mammal
Authors: Whiteman John P. , Rodriguez Curras Mauriel , Feeser Kelli L. , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: February 2021

RationaleEcologists increasingly determine the δ15N values of amino acids (AA) in animal tissue; “source” AA typically exhibit minor variation between diet and consumer, while “trophic” AA have increased δ15N values in consumers. Thus, trophic‐source δ15N offsets (i.e., Δ15NT‐S) reflect trophic position in a food web. However, even minor variations in δ15Nsource AA values may influence the magnitude of offset that represents a trophic step, known as the trophic discrimination factor (i.e., TDFT‐S). Diet digestibility and protein content can influence the δ15N values of bulk animal tissue, but the effects of these factors on AA Δ15NT‐S and TDFT‐S in mammals are unknown.MethodsWe fed captive mice (Mus musculus) either (A) a low‐fat, high‐fiber diet with low, intermediate, or high protein; or (B) a high‐fat, low‐fiber diet with low or intermediate protein. Mouse muscle and dietary protein were analyzed for bulk tissue δ15N using elemental analyzer‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS), and were also hydrolyzed into free AA that were analyzed for δ15N using gas chromatography‐combustion‐IRMS.ResultsAs dietary protein increased, Δ15NConsumer‐Diet slightly declined for bulk muscle tissue in both experiments; increased for AA in the low‐fat, high‐fiber diet (A); and remained the same or decreased for AA in the high‐fat, low‐fiber diet (B). The effects of dietary protein on Δ15NT‐S and on TDFT‐S varied by AA but were consistent between variables.ConclusionsDiets were less digestible and included more protein in Experiment A than in Experiment B. As a result, the mice in Experiment A probably oxidized more AA, resulting in greater Δ15NConsumer‐Diet values. However, the similar responses of Δ15NT‐S and of TDFT‐S to diet variation suggest that if diet samples are available, Δ15NT‐S accurately tracks trophic position. If diet samples are not available, the patterns presented here provide a basis to interpret Δ15NT‐S values. The trophic‐source offset of Pro‐Lys did not vary across diets, and therefore may be more reliable for omnivores than other offsets (e.g., Glu‐Phe).
Polydopamine‐Based Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy/Chemotherapy and their Synergistic Therapy with Autophagy Inhibitor to Promote Antitumor Treatment
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Cai Lulu , Dai Yue , Liu Yawen , Zuo Fengmei , Ni Chen , Shi Meilin , Li Jingjing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) has attracted much attention recently due to its strong adhesion capability to most substrates. After combining with organic (such as organic metal framework, micelles, hydrogel, polypeptide copolymer) or inorganic nanomaterials (such as gold, silicon, carbon), polydopamine‐based nanoparticles (PDA NPs) exhibit the merging of characteristics. Until now, the preparation methods, polymerization mechanism, and photothermal therapy (PTT) or chemotherapy (CT) applications of PDA NPs have been reported detailly. Since the PTT or CT treatment process is often accompanied by exogenous stimuli, tumor cells usually induce pro‐survival autophagy to protect the cells from further damage, which will weaken the therapeutic effect. Therefore, an in‐depth understanding of PDA NPs modulated PTT, CT, and autophagy is required. However, this association is rarely reviewed. Herein, we briefly described the relationship between PTT/CT, autophagy, and tumor treatment. Then, the outstanding performances of PDA NPs in PTT/CT and their combination with autophagy inhibitors for tumor synergistic therapy have been summarized. This work is expected to shed light on the multi‐strategy antitumor therapy applications of PDA NPs.
Nonuniform dependence of the R‐b‐family system in Besov spaces
Authors: Holmes John , Thompson Ryan C. , Tiğlay Feride 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a generalized rotation b‐family system (R‐b‐family system) which models the evolution of equatorial water waves. Based on local well‐posedness results and lifespan estimates, we establish sharpness of continuity on the data‐to‐solution map by showing that it is not uniformly continuous from to . The proof of nonuniform dependence is based upon approximate solutions and Littlewood‐Paley decomposition theory.
Hominin Footprints in Caves from Romanian Carpathians
Authors: Onac Bogdan P. , Veres Daniel S. , Stringer Chris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Romanian karst hosts numerous caves and shelters that over time provided remarkable archaeological and anthropological vestiges. Altogether they show that humans must have entered caves in Romania at least as early as 170,000 years ago. However, ancient human footprints are very rare in the fossil record of East-Central Europe, with only two known locations in the Apuseni Mountains of western Romania. Vârtop Cave site originally preserved three fossil footprints made about 67,800 years ago by a Homo neanderthalensis, whereas Ciur Izbuc Cave was probably home of early H. sapiens that left almost 400 footprints (interspersed with spoors of cave bears), which were indirectly dated to be younger than ~36,500 years.
Prehistoric Speleological Exploration in the Cave of Aldène in Cesseras (Hérault, France): Human Footprint Paths and Lighting Management
Authors: Galant Philippe , Ambert† Paul , Colomer† Albert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAldène Cave is a system of 9 km of extent, on four hydrogeological levels. Within the first two fossil levels, which comprise more than half of the system, many archaeological remains have been discovered. They represent a continuum of more than 350,000 years of human history. On the second level, we find the Paul Ambert gallery, discovered in 1948 by the Abbé Dominique Cathala. This gallery contains many human traces, with footprints and marks of torches that were brought into the cave. A recent geomorphological study of these elements concerned registration and systematic analysis of the lighting marks, as well as an initial determination of the footprints. This work confirmed the contemporaneousness and functional link of these archaeological remains. Lighting management could be determined precisely with the traces on the walls and the remains discovered on the floor in connection with the footprints. These data, investigated with a spatial approach in relation to the cave network, clarify the prehistoric passages and allow an interpretation of the behaviour of visitors. All elements together form the picture of a family at a speleological investigation, which is attributed to the Mesolithic.
Steps from History
Authors: Ashton Nick 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman footprints were discovered at Happisburgh, UK, in 2013. This paper describes their discovery and the difficulties of recording such enigmatic remains in a coastal environment. The geological and environmental context in which they were found is given, together with the evidence of the dating of the site to either 850,000 or 950,000 years ago. The implications of how humans coped with long, cold winters of northern Europe is discussed; the evidence of a family group indicates that seasonal migration is highly unlikely, leaving the possibilities of either physiological adaptations, such as functional body hair, or the use of technologies such as shelter, clothing and fire. The second part of the paper shows the various ways in which the footprints have reached wide and diverse audiences through media reports, exhibitions and books. They show the powerful messages that footprints can generate through the ideas and emotions that they provoke and the immediacy of their connection with the deep past.
Advancing Joint Design and Operation of Water Resources Systems Under Uncertainty
Authors: Bertoni Federica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, many countries are actively seeking to maximize the hydropower potential of major river basins, yielding proposals for constructing approximately 3,700 major dams in the near future. The planning of new water reservoir systems raises several major challenges that must be conjunctively accounted for within the system design phase, in order to design efficient yet sustainable infrastructures able to satisfy multiple water needs and perform well under a wide range of external future changes. This contribution aims at advancing the current planning and operation of water reservoir systems, focusing on the coupling of dam sizing and operation design in order to thoroughly capture their interdependencies also with respect to uncertainty in the main external drivers.
Inductorless Frequency Synthesizers for Low-Cost Wireless
Authors: Santiccioli Alessio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe quest for ubiquitous wireless connectivity, drives an increasing demand for compact and efficient means of frequency generation. Conventional synthesizer options, however, generally trade one requirement for the other, achieving either excellent levels of efficiency by leveraging LC-oscillators, or a very compact area by relying on ring-oscillators. This chapter describes a recently introduced class of inductorless frequency synthesizers, based on the periodic realignment of a ring-oscillator, that have the potential to break this tradeoff. After analyzing their jitter-power product, the conditions that ensure optimum performance are derived and a novel digital-to-time converter range-reduction technique is introduced, to enable low-jitter and low-power fractional-N frequency synthesis. A prototype, which implements the proposed design guidelines and techniques, has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS. It occupies a core area of 0:0275 mm$$^{2}$$

2

and covers the 1:6-to-3:0 GHz range, achieving an absolute rms jitter (integrated from 30 kHz-to-30 MHz) of 397 fs at 2:5 mW power. With a corresponding jitter-power figure-of-merit of −244 dB in the fractional-N mode, the prototype outperforms prior state-of-the-art inductorless frequency synthesizers.
Preplay Communication in Multi-Player Sequential Games: An Overview of Recent Results
Authors: Celli Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe computational study of game-theoretic solution concepts is fundamental to describe the optimal behavior of rational agents interacting in a strategic setting, and to predict the most likely outcome of a game. Equilibrium computation techniques have been applied to numerous real-world problems. Among other applications, they are the key building block of the best poker-playing AI agents [5, 6, 27], and have been applied to physical and cybersecurity problems (see, e.g., [18, 20, 21, 30–32]).
Using IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) Data: Northern Lights on ICCS
Authors: Biseth Heidi , Hoskins Bryony , Huang Lihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Nordic context of civic and citizenship education in schools including reviews of previous results and research on IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). By discussing the issues relevant to democratic citizenship education that are of central significance in the four Nordic countries, this chapter argues for new cross-country comparative analyses of ICCS data based on themes typically engaging Nordic scholars, including students’ understandings of citizenship, school principals’ understandings of the priorities of citizenship education, digital citizenship education, environmental citizenship education, and inequalities and citizenship education. Furthermore, this chapter provides a layout of the volume through positioning the five analytical chapters across contesting the understanding of civic engagement and democratic dispositions in Nordic democracies.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Civic Learning in Nordic Schools: Identifying the Potential of In-School Civic Participation for Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Hoskins Bryony , Huang Lihong , Arensmeier Cecilia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an analysis of the complex role of Nordic schools in both enhancing and reducing socioeconomic inequalities in civic competences. A multilevel analysis method was used to examine the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2009 and 2016 data of all four Nordic countries. The results show that unequal access to civic learning (in-school civic participation and open classroom climate) exist in all Nordic countries. We found differences in access within schools in which students with more advantages experienced greater opportunities to participate. Additionally, we found differences between schools. Those schools that had an intake with a higher proportion of socioeconomically advantaged students tended to provide more civic learning opportunities and open classroom climates. Inequalities in access to civic learning activities manifested itself in different ways in schools across the Nordic countries. There is some evidence that this happens more regularly in Sweden than Finland, though Norway recorded the highest levels of unequal access inside schools, and no Nordic country provides equal access to all the forms of civic learning we studied. At the same time, however, there were forms of civic learning in Nordic schools that were found to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in civic competences. The results showed that when disadvantaged students gained access to civic learning, they mostly appeared to benefit either the same or more from the experience than their more advantaged peers. A unique contribution of this chapter to the field of citizenship education is that we found that in-school civic participation can compensate for a disadvantaged background for developing future electoral participation and civic knowledge in students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Internes Crowdsourcing in Unternehmen
Authors: Wedel Marco , Ulbrich Hannah , Pohlisch Jakob , Göll Edgar , Uhl André , Iskender Neslihan , Polzehl Tim , Schröter Welf , Porth Florian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie grundlegende Idee von internem Crowdsourcing (IC) ist, den innerbetrieblichen Wissensaustausch und die Interaktion im Unternehmen zu mobilisieren und zu stärken. Das Lösen von Problemstellungen durch bereichs- und fachübergreifendes Denken und kollaborative Handlungskompetenzen für die Zusammenarbeit sowohl zwischen den Beschäftigten untereinander als auch zwischen Unternehmensführung und Beschäftigten soll mit dem Verfahren auf direkte Weise gefördert werden. Vorhandenes explizites, aber vor allem auch personengebundenes implizites Fach- und Erfahrungswissen kann durch die Anwendung von internem Crowdsourcing schnell im Unternehmen abgerufen und für die Entwicklung von Lösungen, Prozessen und Entscheidungen genutzt werden. Insbesondere durch das niedrigschwellige Erproben neuer Kommunikations- und Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten kann internes Crowdsourcing einen wichtigen Beitrag zu einer veränderten, arbeitnehmerfreundlichen und agileren Unternehmenskultur für die digitalisierte Arbeitswelt leisten.
Erreichbarkeitsmanagement im Unternehmen
Authors: Grießhaber Daniel , Laufs Uwe , Maucher Johannes , Miedzianowski Nadine , Saternus Zofia , Staab Katharina 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die Verbreitung von Smartphones und Laptops sind viele Arbeitnehmer ständig erreichbar und in der Lage, ortsunabhängig zu arbeiten. Dies führt zu dem Problem, dass die Grenze zwischen Freizeit und Arbeit verschwimmt und dass für viele Arbeitnehmer unterbrechungsfreie Regenerationsphasen zur Seltenheit werden. Das Forschungsprojekt SANDRA verfolgt den Ansatz des Erreichbarkeitsmanagements, wobei die ständige Erreichbarkeit sowohl durch organisatorische Maßnahmen als auch durch eine technische Lösung, einen Erreichbarkeitsassistenten für Smartphones, zurückgedrängt werden soll. Im Projekt wurden interdisziplinär Stakeholder-Präferenzen in Interviews sowie einer Breitenbefragung erhoben. Das Projekt wurde rechtswissenschaftlich begleitet, wobei rechtliche Empfehlungen in die Entwicklung der Maßnahmen einflossen. Die Maßnahmen wurden in zwei Anwenderunternehmen erprobt und werden in der Evaluation per HRV-basierter Stressmessung auf ihre Wirksamkeit überprüft.
Digitalisierung der Arbeitssicherheit auf Baustellen
Authors: Teizer Jochen , König Markus , Herrmann Thomas , Jelonek Markus , Embers Stephan , Kazanci Caner , Bükrü Samed , Golovina Olga , Quirke Ian , Glasner Edgar , Daum Oliver , Richter Jens , Hanff Jochen , Kikidi Eleni , Hecker Daniel , Vollstädt Raimo , Bücken Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

ZusammefassungDie digitale Transformation der Bauindustrie ist bereits in vollem Gang. Für die Planung und Umsetzung des Arbeitsschutzes in Bauprojekten werden die digitalen Möglichkeiten aktuell noch nicht konsequent genutzt. DigiRAB entwickelt smarte Prozesse und Technologien für das sichere Arbeiten auf Baustellen. Hierzu gehören (1) digitales Planen der Arbeitssicherheit, (2) pro-aktives Warnen, Melden und Auswerten von Beinahe-Unfällen in Echtzeit und (3) personalisiertes Schulen und Lernen in der Gefahrenerkennung.