bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining resection margins and dissection planes in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma—radical resection is a rare event
Authors: D’Souza Melroy A , Al-Saffar Hasan Ahmad , Fernández Moro Carlos , Shtembari Sonia , Danielsson Olof , Sparrelid Ernesto , Sturesson Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadical tumor resection (pR0) is prognostic for disease-free and overall survival after resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA). However, no universal agreement exists on the definition of radical resection and histopathological reporting. The aim of this study was to provide a standardized protocol for histopathological assessment and reporting of the surgical specimen obtained after resection for pCCA. All consecutive patients operated for pCCA with curative intent at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden between 2012 and 2021 were included. A standardized protocol for histopathological assessment and reporting of the surgical specimen after liver resection for pCCA is presented. A detailed mapping of the transection margins and dissection planes was performed. The results of applying different existing pR0 definitions were compared. Sixty-eight patients with pCCA were included. Five transection margins and two dissection planes were defined. By defining pR0 as cancer-free margins and planes tolerating distances <1mm, the pR0 rate was 66%. However, when pR0 was set as >1mm from invasive cancer to all resection margins and dissection planes, the pR0 rate fell to 16%. This study supports the use of thorough and standardized pathological handling, assessment and reporting of resection margins and dissection planes of surgical specimens of pCCA.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Falls Among Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wehner-Hewson Natasha , Watts Paul , Buscombe Richard , Bourne Nicholas , Hewson David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether differences in reported fall rates exist between different ethnic groups. Searches were carried out on four databases: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Web of Science. Only English language studies with community-dwelling participants aged 60 + years were included. Studies also needed to compare fall prevalence for at least two or more ethnic groups. Two reviewers independently screened all articles and evaluated study quality. Twenty-three articles were included for systematic review, and meta-analyses were carried out on the 16 retrospective studies that reported falls in the previous 12 months. The Asian group demonstrated significantly lower fall prevalence than all other ethnic groups at 13.89% (10.87, 16.91). The Hispanic group had a fall prevalence of 18.54% (12.95, 24.13), closely followed by the Black group at 18.60% (13.27, 23.93). The White group had the highest prevalence at 23.77% (18.66, 28.88). Some studies provided adjusted estimates of effect statistics for the odds/risk of falls, which showed that differences still existed between some ethnic groups even after adjusting for other risk factors. Overall, differences in fall prevalence do appear to exist between different ethnic groups, although the reasons for these differences currently remain undetermined and require further investigation. These findings highlight the need to provide more ethnically tailored responses to public health challenges, which could potentially increase the adherence to prevention interventions, and allow for a more targeted use of resources.
Testing pigeon control efficiency by different methods in urban industrial areas, Hungary
Authors: Teffo Thabang Rainett , Fuszonecker Gergő , Katona Krisztián 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of cities and urban sprawl has made room for wildlife inhabiting human environments. Among birds, feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are often present in large numbers in the cities. Problems related to pigeon occurrence result in economic loss and health issues for humans. There are different methods of controlling pigeon populations in urban areas. In this study, we compared three techniques that can be used for pigeon pest control. In two urban industrial sites in Hungary, we used trapping, falconry (in both Study Area 1 and 2) and mist-netting (only in Study Area 2) to remove pigeons. We compared the effectiveness and limitations of each method. Our results show that over 105 days in Study Area 1, we managed to remove 173 individual pigeons. We did not find a significant difference between the effectiveness of trapping or falconry. In Study Area 2, the overall number of pigeons removed was 1412 over a period of 150 days. There, we managed to catch significantly more birds by netting than by trapping or falconry, but the latter two did not differ statistically. We recommend a combination of techniques for pigeon control. Mist-netting can be the most effective way for direct pigeon removal, whereas trapping is an easier but less efficient method to catch pigeons. Falconry is the least efficient in pigeon catching and requires the most investments, but the bird of prey may chase the pigeons away for a short time.
The Benefits and Costs of Automotive Regulations for Low-Income Americans
Authors: Conrad Kylie , Graham John D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBenefit-cost analyses of regulations address Kaldor-Hicks efficiency but rarely investigate the distribution of benefits and costs as experienced by low-income households. In order to fill this gap, this article assembles the available evidence to determine how regulations of the automobile industry may impact the well-being of low-income Americans. The scope of the investigation includes air pollution, safety and fuel-economy regulations. We find that performing benefit-cost analyses for low-income households is more challenging than commonly understood. Given the difficulties in completing distributional analysis with available information, the authors offer practical suggestions on how to change the federal data systems and the rulemaking process to ensure that information is collected about how future automobile regulations impact the well-being of the poor.
Glacial deposits and landforms at the terminus of a Laurentide ice stream, Oneida Lake, New York, from multichannel seismic reflection data
Authors: Zaremba Nicholas , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe deglaciation record of the Ontario Lowland and Mohawk Valley of North America is important for constraining the retreat history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, end-Pleistocene paleoclimate, and ice-sheet processes. The Mohawk Valley was an important meltwater drainage route during the last deglaciation, with the area around modern Oneida Lake acting as a valve for meltwater discharge into the North Atlantic Ocean. The Mohawk Valley was occupied by the Oneida Lobe and Oneida Ice Stream during the last deglacial period. Multichannel seismic reflection data can be used to generate images of preglacial surfaces and internal structures of glacial bedforms and proglacial lake deposits, thus contributing to studies of deglaciation. This paper uses 217 km of offshore multichannel seismic reflection data to image the entire Quaternary section of the Oneida basin. A proglacial lake and paleo-calving margin is interpreted, which likely accelerated the Oneida Ice Stream, resulting in elongated bedforms observed west of the lake. The glacial bedforms identified in this study are buried by proglacial lake deposits, indicating the Oneida basin contains a record of glacial meltwater processes, including a 60-m-thick proglacial interval in eastern Oneida Lake.
Population dynamics and diversity of trematode infections inBithynia siamensis goniomphalosin an irrigated area in northeast Thailand
Authors: Kopolrat Kulthida Y. , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Kiatsopit Nadda , Namsanor Jutamas , Pitaksakulrat Opal , Yasaka Patiwat , Saichua Prasert , Saijuntha Weerachai , Tesana Smarn , Andrews Ross H. , Petney Trevor N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral trematodes includingOpisthorchis viverriniutilizeBithynia siamensis goniomphalosas a snail intermediate host in their life cycles. In order to capture a comprehensive range of host–parasite interactions and their transmission dynamic patterns,B. s. goniomphaloswere sampled monthly over 4 consecutive years in an irrigated paddy-field habitat in northeast Thailand. Using a standard cercarial shedding method, a high diversity of trematodes (17 types) was recovered. Virgulate xiphidiocercariae were the most prevalent (7.84%) followed byO. viverrini(0.71%). In addition to seasonal and environmental factors, the quantity of irrigation water for rice cultivation correlated with transmission dynamics of trematodes inB. s. goniomphalos. The peak prevalence of all trematode infections combined in the snails shifted from the cool-dry season in 2010–2012 to the hot-dry season in 2013 associated with an increasing quantity of water irrigation. A low frequency of mixed trematode infections was found, indicating that the emergence of virgulate cercariae, but not ofO. viverrini, was negatively impacted by the presence of other trematodes in the same snail. Taken together, the observed results suggest that interactions between host and parasite, and hence transmission dynamics, depend on specific characteristics of the parasite and environmental factors including irrigated water for rice cultivation.
Importance, Fame, and Death
Authors: Kahane Guy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome people want their lives to possess importance on a large scale. Some crave fame, or at least wide recognition. And some even desire glory that will only be realised after their death. Such desires are either ignored or disparaged by many philosophers. However, although few of us have a real shot at importance and fame on any grand scale, these can be genuine personal goods when they meet certain further conditions. Importance that relates to positive impact and reflects our agency answers a distinctive existential concern for one's life to matter. And since what is important merits wide appreciation, the step from wanting to be significant and wanting that significance widely appreciated is small. Still, desires for importance and fame can take a more vicious character when they are not properly structured, and when they are not dominated by more impartial aims. If we accept the personal value of importance and fame, it is hard to see why that value cannot extend beyond our death. The temporal distribution of glory is actually irrelevant to its value. But it is also a mistake to identify a concern with posthumous glory with the wish to leave a trace after our death.
Desirability without Desire: Life Extension, Boredom and Spiritual Experience
Authors: Chastain Drew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn response to Bernard Williams’ suspicion that we would inevitably become bored with immortal life, John Martin Fischer has argued that we could continue to enjoy repeatable pleasures such as fine wine, beautiful music, and spiritual experiences. In more recent work on near-death experiences, Fischer has also explored the non-religious meaning of spiritual experiences in more depth. I join this deeper exploration of spiritual experience, and I also join Williams’ critics who question his view that character and desire are needed to explain the desirability of life, while providing additional reason for concern that Williams’ way of valuing life may itself actually be a cause of boredom with life. With an eye to spiritual experience, I indicate how we can distance ourselves even further from Williams’ view, and I suggest how the attitude thatlife is good but death is not bademerges from spiritual experience, as expressed in numerous religious and secular spiritual traditions. This lends support to the conclusion that radically extended life is desirable even if not actively desired.
‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits
Authors: Carel Havi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a nexus of terms – mortality, limits, contingency and vulnerability – painting a picture of human life as marked by limitation and finitude. I suggest that limitations of possibility, capacity, and resource are deep features of human life, but not only restrict it. Limits are also the conditions of possibility for human life and as such have productive, normative, and creative powers that not only delimit life but also scaffold growth and transformation within it. The paper takes a less known interpretation of the term ‘ephēmeros', to mean ‘of the day', rather than ‘short-lived' and suggests that as ephemeral, human life is contingent and mutable, subject to events beyond our control. However, virtue can still be exercised – indeed, can be exuberantly displayed – when we respond to contingent events marked by adversity.
The Reason for Miracles and the Miracles in Reason: Kant’s Practical Conception of Miracles
Authors: Kravitz Amit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe term ‘miracle’ generally refers to events that are not explicable by natural causes alone. Kant’s notion of miracles is usually understood along these lines. However, Kant’s occupation with miracles should be understood in a practical context. Belief in miracles plays a constitutive role in Kant’s philosophy of religion concerning the need to strengthen the will both before and after departing from original evil. I demonstrate how my argument sheds new light on Kant’s claim that theoretical reason precludes the possibility of material miracles.
On the Controlling Factors for Globally Extreme Humid Heat
Authors: Raymond Colin , Matthews Tom , Horton Radley M. , Fischer Erich M. , Fueglistaler Stephan , Ivanovich Catherine , Suarez‐Gutierrez Laura , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHumid heat presents a major societal challenge through its impacts on human health, energy demand, and economic productivity, underlined by the projected emergence of conditions beyond human tolerance. However, systematic assessment of what drives the most extreme humid heat worldwide has been lacking. Here, we investigate factors determining the location and magnitude of humid‐heat extremes, framing our analysis around the four regions with the highest values: the southern Persian Gulf, north‐central Pakistan, eastern South Asia, and the western Amazon. We find that strong boundary‐layer moisture fluxes, together with stability that inhibits moist convection, explain well the timing and location of near‐surface humid‐heat extremes. These favorable conditions are achieved through regionally distinct factors, including shallow sea breezes in the Persian Gulf and large‐scale subsidence in eastern South Asia. Our results demonstrate some of the principal controls on the most intense humid heat, both globally and for particular regions and heat events.
Hard tissue stability after guided bone regeneration: a comparison between digital titanium mesh and resorbable membrane
Authors: Li Songhang , Zhao Junyi , Xie Yu , Tian Taoran , Zhang Tianxu , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuided bone regeneration (GBR) uses resorbable and non-resorbable membranes as biological barriers. This study compared the differences in hard tissue stability between GBR using evidence-based digital titanium mesh and resorbable collagen membranes during implant placement. A total of 40 patients (65 implant sites) were enrolled and divided into two groups: resorbable membrane and digital titanium mesh groups. The alveolar bone was analyzed at two- and three-dimensional levels using cone-beam computed tomography and by reconstructing and superimposing the hard tissues at four time points: preoperatively, postoperatively, before second-stage surgery, and 1 year after loading. The use of digital titanium mesh showed less alveolar bone resorption in vertical and horizontal directions two-dimensionally before the second-stage surgery and 1 year after loading. Regarding volumetric stability, the percentage of resorption after 6 months of healing with resorbable membrane coverage reached 37.5%. However, it was only 23.4% with titanium mesh. Although postoperative bone volume was greater at all labial sites with resorbable membrane than with digital titanium mesh, after substantial bone resorption within 1 year of loading, the labial bone thickness at the upper part of implants was thinner with resorbable membrane than with digital titanium mesh. Furthermore, digital titanium meshes made according to ideal bone arch contour reduced soft tissue irritation, and the exposure rate was only 10%. Therefore, although both resorbable membrane and digital titanium mesh in GBR were able to successfully reconstruct the bone defect, digital titanium meshes were better at maintaining the hard tissue volume in the osteogenic space.
Strategies to identify candidate repurposable drugs: COVID-19 treatment as a case example
Authors: Imami Ali S. , McCullumsmith Robert E. , O’Donovan Sinead M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrug repurposing is an invaluable strategy to identify new uses for existing drug therapies that overcome many of the time and financial costs associated with novel drug development. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an unprecedented surge in the development and use of bioinformatic tools to identify candidate repurposable drugs. Using COVID-19 as a case study, we discuss examples of machine-learning and signature-based approaches that have been adapted to rapidly identify candidate drugs. The Library of Integrated Network-based Signatures (LINCS) and Connectivity Map (CMap) are commonly used repositories and have the advantage of being amenable to use by scientists with limited bioinformatic training. Next, we discuss how these recent advances in bioinformatic drug repurposing approaches might be adapted to identify repurposable drugs for CNS disorders. As the development of novel therapies that successfully target the cause of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders has stalled, there is a pressing need for innovative strategies to treat these complex brain disorders. Bioinformatic approaches to identify repurposable drugs provide an exciting avenue of research that offer promise for improved treatments for CNS disorders.
Optogenetic control of receptors reveals distinct roles for actin- and Cdc42-dependent negative signals in chemotactic signal processing
Authors: Bell George R. R. , Rincón Esther , Akdoğan Emel , Collins Sean R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring chemotaxis, neutrophils use cell surface G Protein Coupled Receptors to detect chemoattractant gradients. The downstream signaling system is wired with multiple feedback loops that amplify weak inputs and promote spatial separation of cell front and rear activities. Positive feedback could promote rapid signal spreading, yet information from the receptors is transmitted with high spatial fidelity, enabling detection of small differences in chemoattractant concentration across the cell. How the signal transduction network achieves signal amplification while preserving spatial information remains unclear. The GTPase Cdc42 is a cell-front polarity coordinator that is predictive of cell turning, suggesting an important role in spatial processing. Here we directly measure information flow from receptors to Cdc42 by pairing zebrafish parapinopsina, an optogenetic G Protein Coupled Receptor with reversible ON/OFF control, with a spectrally compatible red/far red Cdc42 Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer biosensor. Using this toolkit, we show that positive and negative signals downstream of G proteins shape a rapid, dose-dependent Cdc42 response. Furthermore, F-actin and Cdc42 itself provide two distinct negative signals that limit the duration and spatial spread of Cdc42 activation, maintaining output signals local to the originating receptors.
Rare variant analysis in eczema identifies exonic variants in DUSP1, NOTCH4 and SLC9A4
Authors: Grosche Sarah , Marenholz Ingo , Esparza-Gordillo Jorge , Arnau-Soler Aleix , Pairo-Castineira Erola , Rüschendorf Franz , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Almqvist Catarina , Arnold Andreas ,   Australian Asthma Genetics Consortium (AAGC), Baurecht Hansjörg , Bisgaard Hans , Bønnelykke Klaus , Brown Sara J. , Bustamante Mariona , Curtin John A. , Custovic Adnan , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Esplugues Ana , Falchi Mario , Fernandez-Orth Dietmar , Ferreira Manuel A. R. , Franke Andre , Gerdes Sascha , Gieger Christian , Hakonarson Hakon , Holt Patrick G. , Homuth Georg , Hubner Norbert , Hysi Pirro G. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Karlsson Robert , Koppelman Gerard H. , Lau Susanne , Lutz Manuel , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Marks Guy B. , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Nöthen Markus M. , Paternoster Lavinia , Pennell Craig E. , Peters Annette , Rawlik Konrad , Robertson Colin F. , Rodriguez Elke , Sebert Sylvain , Simpson Angela , Sleiman Patrick M. A. , Standl Marie , Stölzl Dora , Strauch Konstantin , Szwajda Agnieszka , Tenesa Albert , Thompson Philip J. , Ullemar Vilhelmina , Visconti Alessia , Vonk Judith M. , Wang Carol A. , Weidinger Stephan , Wielscher Matthias , Worth Catherine L. , Xu Chen-Jian , Lee Young-Ae 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious genome-wide association studies revealed multiple common variants involved in eczema but the role of rare variants remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of rare variants in eczema susceptibility. We meta-analyze 21 study populations including 20,016 eczema cases and 380,433 controls. Rare variants are imputed with high accuracy using large population-based reference panels. We identify rare exonic variants inDUSP1,NOTCH4, andSLC9A4to be associated with eczema. InDUSP1andNOTCH4missense variants are predicted to impact conserved functional domains. In addition, five novel common variants atSATB1-AS1/KCNH8,TRIB1/LINC00861,ZBTB1,TBX21/OSBPL7, andCSF2RBare discovered. While genes prioritized based on rare variants are significantly up-regulated in the skin, common variants point to immune cell function. Over 20% of the single nucleotide variant-based heritability is attributable to rare and low-frequency variants. The identified rare/low-frequency variants located in functional protein domains point to promising targets for novel therapeutic approaches to eczema.
Revealing nonlinear neural decoding by analyzing choices
Authors: Yang Qianli , Walker Edgar , Cotton R. James , Tolias Andreas S. , Pitkow Xaq 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSensory data about most natural task-relevant variables are entangled with task-irrelevant nuisance variables. The neurons that encode these relevant signals typically constitute a nonlinear population code. Here we present a theoretical framework for quantifying how the brain uses or decodes its nonlinear information. Our theory obeys fundamental mathematical limitations on information content inherited from the sensory periphery, describing redundant codes when there are many more cortical neurons than primary sensory neurons. The theory predicts that if the brain uses its nonlinear population codes optimally, then more informative patterns should be more correlated with choices. More specifically, the theory predicts a simple, easily computed quantitative relationship between fluctuating neural activity and behavioral choices that reveals the decoding efficiency. This relationship holds for optimal feedforward networks of modest complexity, when experiments are performed under natural nuisance variation. We analyze recordings from primary visual cortex of monkeys discriminating the distribution from which oriented stimuli were drawn, and find these data are consistent with the hypothesis of near-optimal nonlinear decoding.