bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Healing of Crystal Voids in Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Is Related to Surface Passivation
Authors: Khalfin Sasha , Veber Noam , Dror Shaked , Shechter Reut , Shaek Saar , Levy Shai , Kauffmann Yaron , Klinger Leonid , Rabkin Eugen , Bekenstein Yehonadav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDouble perovskites are considered for future photovoltaic and electro‐optic applications as a toxic‐free alternative to lead halide perovskites. Alas, due to the lower efficiency of lead‐free devices, material properties need to improve to compete. In this work, the self‐healing and annealing of crystal voids is reported. Experiments are conducted on nanocrystals and in situ a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microscope. The setup enables creation of crystal voids and to monitor their dynamics in real time. Void trajectories and velocities are calculated for TEM videos. An inaccessible, protected volume for migration near the nanocrystal outer surface is discovered, confining the migration of voids to inner crystal parts. Once surface passivation in the form of organic ligands is removed, void dynamics changes, to enable annealing of the voids and self‐healing of the crystal. It is determined that surface ligand protection against void migration is extending several atomic layers below the crystal surface. Modeling based on these results predict equilibrium positions for the voids, which are discovered in the data. The study suggests that tuning of organic ligand density influences structural stability and crystal defect tolerance in double perovskites. Engineering surfaces with inherent self‐healing properties may increase efficiencies in future devices based on these materials.
A Portable Optical Fiber Sensing Platform Based on Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Real‐Time pH Detection
Authors: Cai Yi , Wang Minghao , Liu Mengxian , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn optical fiber sensing platform based on the nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) for online detection of pH value in real time has been developed. The pH‐sensitive N‐CDs are synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method. To compose the sensing probe, the N‐CDs are immobilized on the surface of the fiber tip by the biocompatible hydrogel. According to the results of optical simulation, the fiber tip is designed to be tapered for efficient excitation and fluorescence collection. The assembling process of the sensing probe can be accomplished by the method of in‐situ polymerization without any mold in seconds. The fluorescence of the sensing probe can be enhanced or quenched by pH value variation in a certain range and transmits to the spectrometer. The maximum diameter of the proposed sensing probe is only 450 µm. Therefore, the sensing platform with rapid response has great potential application for remote monitoring in the narrow space. Besides, the proposed platform is portable and provides a new photonic‐sensing method for emergency analysis.
Porous PdWM (M = Nb, Mo and Ta) Trimetallene for High C1 Selectivity in Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Qin Yingnan , Huang Hao , Yu Wenhao , Zhang Haonan , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Zuochao , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei , Feng Shouhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect ethanol fuel cells are among the most efficient and environmentally friendly energy‐conversion devices and have been widely focused. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is a multielectron process with slow kinetics. The large amount of by‐product generated by incomplete oxidation greatly reduces the efficiency of energy conversion through the EOR. In this study, a novel type of trimetallene called porous PdWM (M = Nb, Mo and Ta) is synthesized by a facile method. The mass activity (15.6 A mgPd−1) and C1 selectivity (55.5%) of Pd50W27Nb23/C trimetallene, obtained after optimizing the compositions and proportions of porous PdWM, outperform those of commercial Pt/C (1.3 A mgPt−1, 5.9%), Pd/C (5.0 A mgPd−1, 7.2%), and Pd97W3/C bimetallene (9.5 A mgPd−1, 14.1%). The mechanism by which Pd50W27Nb23/C enhances the EOR performance is evaluated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. It is found that W and Nb enhance the adsorption of CH3CH2OH and oxophilic high‐valence Nb accelerates the subsequent oxidation of CO and CHx species. Moreover, Nb promotes the cleavage of CC bonds and increases the C1 selectivity. Pd60W28Mo12/C and Pd64W27Ta9/C trimetallene synthesized by the same method also exhibit excellent EOR performance.
Atomically Dispersed Cu Nanozyme with Intensive Ascorbate Peroxidase Mimic Activity Capable of Alleviating ROS‐Mediated Oxidation Damage
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zou Hang , Yan Bo , Wu Xiaoju , Cao Weiwei , Qian Yihang , Zheng Lei , Yang Guowei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAscorbate peroxidase (APX) as a crucial antioxidant enzyme has drawn attentions for its utilization in preventing cells from oxidative stress responses by efficiently scavenging H2O2 in plants. For eliminating the specific inactivation of natural APXs and regulating the catalytic activity, single‐atom nanozymes are considered as promising classes of alternatives with similar active sites and maximal atomic utilization efficiency to natural APXs. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) anchored with isolated single copper atoms (Cu SAs/CN) is designed as an efficient nanozyme with intrinsic APX mimetic behavior. The engineered Cu SAs/CN exhibits comparable specific activity and kinetics to the natural APXs. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), Cu‐N4 moieties in the active center of Cu SAs/CN are determined to exert such favorable APX catalytic performance, in which the electron transfer between Cu and coordinated N atoms facilitates the activation and cleavage of the adsorbed H2O2 molecules and results in fast kinetics. The constructed Cu SAs/CN nanozyme with superior APX‐like performance and high biocompatibility can be applied for effectively protecting the H2O2‐treated cells against oxidative injury in vitro. These findings report the single‐atom nanozymes as a successful paradigm for guiding nanozymes to implement APX mimetic performance for reactive oxygen species‐related biotherapeutic.
Super Electrical Insulating Materials Based on Honeycomb‐Inspired Nanostructure: High Electrical Strength and Low Permittivity and Dielectric Loss
Authors: Sun Potao , Li Chuang , Sima Wenxia , Yuan Tao , Yang Ming , Chen Yongqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high breakdown field strength is the most important index to evaluate the performance of insulating materials. It is theoretically found that the breakdown field strength of dielectric samples can be significantly improved by up to 1–2 orders of magnitude by constructing nanopore structures. Thus, bridged silsesquioxane super electrical insulating materials (BSSEIM) are developed with nanosized pore structures and their extremely high electrical insulation performance is realized. The results indicate that the breakdown field strength of the BSSEIM is dramatically higher than aluminosilicate fiber insulating materials (ASFIM) by 570.5% for dry samples and 118.1% for oil‐impregnated samples. Specifically, the prepared BSSEIM samples have excellent dielectric performances with permittivity and dielectric losses that are only 51.3% and 1.1% of ASFIM, which are significantly lower than most existing insulating materials. Finally, the theoretical analysis indicates that the nanopore structures can effectively limit the scale of the head size for an electron avalanche and significantly reduce the number of effective gas molecules by dividing the gas into nanounits. This significantly inhibits the ionization of gas molecules and improves the breakdown field strength of samples. This discovery overturns previous understandings of traditional insulating materials and opens an avenue toward super electrical insulating materials.
Electromagnetic Shielding Triboelectric Yarns for Human–Machine Interacting
Authors: Shen Shen , Yi Jia , Cheng Renwei , Ma Liyun , Sheng Feifan , Li Huimin , Zhang Yihan , Ning Chuang , Wang Hongbo , Dong Kai , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic radiation, as one of the public hazards that injures human health and information safety, shall be shielded from the ambient environment. Here, by the virtue of polypyrrole polymerized polyamide yarns and silicone rubber, a yarn‐based electromagnetic shielding‐﻿triboelectric nanogenerator (EMS‐TENG) equipped with sensing ability is presented, which not only generates electricity from harvesting body motion energy but also serves as EMS to prevent electromagnetic interference. With the aid of knitting method, the developed EMS‐TENG fabric exhibits the EMS effectiveness of 32.49 dB in 8.2–12.5 GHz and achieves a maximum instantaneous peak power density of 142.27 µW m−1. Furthermore, ﻿a real‐time human‐interactive system is developed by adopting the Internet of Things technology and EMS‐TENG sensor. Based on the above, a simulated intelligent calculator with multiplication and division function is proposed, which can successfully translate electronic signals to digital numbers. With energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing abilities, the EMS‐TENG can convert mechanical energy into electrical signals from human movements. Looking forward, the EMS‐TENG spurs an innovative technique toward a self‐powered human‐interactive sensing and functional protective textile for next‐generation intelligent wearable applications.
A retrospective cohort study for the treatment of Asian diabetic ketoacidosis: optimizing initial doses of insulin
Authors: Hishida Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yuta , Tsukiyama Hidekazu , Nakagawa Tomoko , Sone Masakatsu 
Published: December 2021

AimAn insulin dose of 0.1 U/kg/h recommended by Western guidelines occasionally induces a precipitous decreasing blood glucose in Asian diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It is known that clinical factors, such as insulin sensitivity, differ between Asians and Americans/Europeans. We investigated how treatment options affect the time to DKA resolution to determine the optimal treatment for Asian DKA patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study from a single institution in Japan. A total of 34 adult DKA patients were observed. Baseline characteristics and treatment‐related parameters were compared between patients whose DKA was resolved within 18 h and those in which it was not.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the initial insulin dose (mean [standard deviation]: 0.053 [0.021] versus 0.031 [0.014] U/kg/h; P = 0.003) and the baseline β‐hydroxybutyrate (7.2 [3.2] versus 9.9 [2.6] mmol/L; P = 0.024) and levels (11.2 [4.1] versus 7.7 [3.1] mmol/L; P = 0.014). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the initial insulin dose was significantly associated with early resolution of DKA and was independent of basal conditions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal cut‐off point for the initial insulin dose was 0.051 U/kg/h. With an initial insulin dose of 0.051 U/kg/h or higher, early resolution of DKA was obtained in 92.9% of patients.ConclusionAn initial insulin dose of more than 0.05 U/kg/h provides an early resolution of DKA in Asian patients. Lower insulin doses significantly delay resolution. These results provide practical information for acute phase treatment of Asian DKA.
Bleeding Risk of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Wang Anxin , Meng Xia , Tian Xue , Johnston S. Claiborne , Li Hao , Bath Philip M. , Zuo Yingting , Xie Xuewei , Jing Jing , Lin Jinxi , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Zixiao , Jiang Yong , Liu Liping , Wang Feng , Li Ying , Liu Jingyao , Wang Yongjun ,   for the CHANCE‐2 Investigators
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify the risk of bleeding events and potential risk factors within 90 days in patients who carried CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles and received dual antiplatelet therapy after minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.MethodsA total of 6,412 patients were enrolled from the CHANCE‐2 (Clopidogrel with Aspirin in High‐Risk Patients with Acute Non‐disabling Cerebrovascular Events II) trial. The main outcome was any bleeding within 90 days defined by the criteria from GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries).ResultsA total of 250 (3.9%) bleeding events were reported, which occurred mainly within the 21 days of dual antiplatelet therapy (200 cases, 3.1%). Minor bleeding of the skin bruises, epistaxis, and gum bleeding were most frequent. Multivariate analysis showed that treatment with ticagrelor‐aspirin compared with clopidogrel‐aspirin was associated with increased bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68–2.89, p < 0.001). Current smoking was associated with a lower risk of bleeding (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.95, p = 0.02). Additionally, ticagrelor‐aspirin compared with clopidogrel‐aspirin was associated with higher risk of bleeding in patients aged <65 years (HR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.95–4.22) and those without diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.88–3.73; p for interaction = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively).InterpretationBleeding events mostly occurred within the 21‐day dual antiplatelet therapy stage and were generally mild. The risk of bleeding was greater in nonsmoking patients, and was associated with treatment with ticagrelor‐aspirin compared with clopidogrel‐aspirin, particularly in patients aged <65 years and nondiabetic patients. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:380–388
Synthesis of ferrocene‐based esters by alkylation of carboxylate ions and investigation of their electrochemical and optical behaviors
Authors: Jamali Hajar , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of new ferrocene‐based esters has been studied with the alkylation of a variety of carboxylic acids with potassium carbonate as a base. The effect of various ferrocenyl‐based alkyl halides has been examined and proclaimed that 4‐iodobutylferrocene is the most useful initial reagent for synthesizing novel ferrocene‐based esters. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used as the solvent at room temperature without catalysts with acceptable reaction yields in the optimized procedure. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been performed as the first method to exhibit the potential application of the synthesized esters in electrochemical approaches. The CV results confirm the satisfying reversible electrochemical behavior of 4‐ferrocenylbutyl phenylacetate (7h). Additionally, the optical behavior of the synthesized solvatochromic esters has been investigated in acetonitrile utilizing spectrophotometric measurements. The optical studies manifest potential for optical uses, such as photosensor applications.
The use of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide as a potential accelerator in efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber compounds
Authors: Samarasinghe I. Hasara Kalanika , Walpalage Shantha , Edirisinghe Dilhara G. , Egodage Shantha Maduwage 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the emerging concerns on the use of nitrosamine evolving accelerators, safer alternatives are desirable for the rubber industry. In the present study, cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties, crosslink density, aging, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of vulcanizates prepared with two nitrosamine safe binary accelerator systems containing diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXP) and tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD), and DIXP and dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (ZBeC) were investigated for efficient sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) compounds. Synergistic effect in both cure and physicomechanical properties was observed for all the combinations of the two accelerator systems. The composition containing DIXP with a lower loading (0.6 phr) of TBzTD, and ZBeC, demonstrated the highest technological performance. Retention of tensile properties on oxidative aging was highest for the vulcanizate prepared with DIXP/TBzTD (1.4/0.6). Dynamic mechanical and thermogravimetric analysis further confirmed the crosslink density and thermal stability of the network structure of the binary systems. In overall, DIXP shows the potential to be used as a safer accelerator in the manufacture of appropriate dry NR‐based rubber products.
Statistical estimation in passenger‐to‐train assignment models based on automated data
Authors: Xiong Shifeng , Li Chunya , Sun Xuan , Qin Yong , Wu Chien‐Fu Jeff 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of metro systems, it has become increasingly important to study phenomena such as passenger flow distribution and passenger boarding behavior. It is difficult for existing methods to accurately describe actual situations and to extend to the whole metro system due to the limitations from parameter uncertainties in their mathematical models. In this article, we propose a passenger‐to‐train assignment model to evaluate the probabilities of individual passengers boarding each feasible train for both no‐transfer and one‐transfer situations. This model can be used to understand passenger flows and crowdedness. The input parameters of the model include the probabilities that the passengers take each train and the probability distribution of egress time, which is the time to walk to the tap‐out fare gate after alighting from the train. We present the likelihood method to estimate these parameters based on data from the automatic fare collection and automatic vehicle location systems. This method can construct several nonparametric density estimates without assuming the parametric form of the distribution of egress time. The EM algorithm is used to compute the maximum likelihood estimates. Simulation results indicate that the proposed estimates perform well. By applying our method to real data in Beijing metro system, we can identify different passenger flow patterns between peak and off‐peak hours.
Bax and Bak knockout apoptosis‐resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines significantly improve culture viability and titer in intensified fed‐batch culture process
Authors: Tang Danming , Lam Cynthia , Bauer Niels , Auslaender Simon , Snedecor Brad , Laird Michael W. , Misaghi Shahram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the field of therapeutic protein production, process intensification strategies entailing higher starting cell seeding densities, can potentially increase culture productivity, lower cost of goods and improve facility utilization. However, increased cell densities often trigger apoptotic cell death at the end of the cell culture process and thus reduce total viable cell count. Apoptosis‐resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines may offer the possibility to diminish this undesired outcome of the intensified production process. In this study, we have generated and tested Bax/Bak double‐knock‐out (DKO) apoptosis resistant hosts to express standard and bispecific antibodies, as well as complex molecules in intensified production processes both as pools and single cell clones, and at different scales. In all cases, therapeutic proteins expressed from clones or pools generated from the Bax/Bak DKO hosts showed not only better viability but also enabled extended productivity in the later stages of the 14‐day intensified production process. The product qualities of the produced molecules were comparable between Bax/Bak DKO and wild type cells. Overall, we showed that Bax/Bak DKO apoptosis‐resistant host cell lines significantly improve viability and volumetric productivity of the intensified production cultures without altering product qualities.
Challenges posed by COVID‐19 in cancer patients: A narrative review
Authors: Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Hosseinzadeh Rezvan , Barary Mohammad , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Alijanpour Amirmasoud , Sayad Babak , Hosseinzadeh Dariush , Miri Seyed Rouhollah , Sio Terence T. , Sullman Mark J. M. , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Babazadeh Arefeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel coronavirus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), was identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID‐19 the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID‐19 pandemic has substantially affected many groups within the general population, but particularly those with extant clinical conditions, such as having or being treated for cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID‐19 since the malignancy and chemotherapy may negatively affect the immune system, and their immunocompromised condition also increases the risk of infection. Substantial international efforts are currently underway to develop specific methods for diagnosing and treating COVID‐19. However, cancer patients’ risk profiles, management, and outcomes are not well understood. Thus, the main objective of this review is to discuss the relevant evidence to understand the prognosis of COVID‐19 infections in cancer patients more clearly, as well as helping to improve the clinical management of these patients.
Modelling and optimization of the ferrous to ferric sulphate conversion with hydrogen peroxide using polynomial‐PSO and PSO‐ANNs models
Authors: Mazza Verônica Barbosa , Bustamante Rodrigo , de Aguiar Martins Ana Rosa Fonseca , Teixeira Luiz Alberto Cesar , dos Santos Brunno Ferreira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this present work, polynomial and artificial neural networks models, adjusted by particle swarm optimization, were implemented in an attempt to improve process modelling and to achieve reliable reaction representation behaviour. Parameter optimization of the conversion reaction of ferrous to ferric sulphate in concentrated solutions using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant is a process of interest due to the importance of producing this ferric salt, a widely used coagulant/flocculant in water treatment, as a chlorine‐free product. Previous work reported a process optimization attempt based on a factorial design of experiments. The obtained polynomial model based on least‐squares showed a minimally satisfactory R2 of 0.7481. The comparison of the obtained models' performance showed a significant improvement in the prediction of experimental conditions. The results indicated that artificial neural networks‐based models presented a higher predictive capability for highly non‐linear experimental data, and the best model achieved an R2 of 0.9744 for the conversion prediction. Optimal ranges for cost‐effective process conditions were investigated through the refined response surface charts obtained.