bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First molecular-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the field-collected houseflies
Authors: Soltani Aboozar , Jamalidoust Marzieh , Hosseinpour Amin , Vahedi Mozaffar , Ashraf Hadi , Yousefinejad Saeed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis is the first report of SARS-CoV-2 detection on field-collected Musca domestica housefly surface and tissue samples using the high-sensitive PCR assay which suggests the possible insect-borne transmission. The study was conducted in Shiraz city, southern Iran, in May and Jun 2020. Adult flies were sampled at the outdoor areas of two hospitals treating COVID-19 patients. Fly samples were first washed twice to remove the insect surface attached to SARS-CoV-2 virions. After that, the disinfected fly samples were homogenized. Fly surface washout and homogenate samples were tested using Taq Man real-time PCR assay for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 156 houseflies, 75% of samples from the body washout samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Strikingly, 37% of the homogenized specimens were positive for the SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the possible infection of the insects or uptake of the virion to the insect metabolism. The other possibility is the houseflies up took the blood or blood fluids of the patients and the RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 survived in the insect body without replicating. Our preliminary findings suggest that the houseflies could transmit SARS-CoV-2 as a mechanical or biological vector especially during the warm seasons while increasing the population and activity of houseflies.
Impact of surgical resection of butterfly glioblastoma on survival: a meta-analysis based on comparative studies
Authors: Chojak Rafał , Koźba-Gosztyła Marta , Słychan Katarzyna , Gajos Daniel , Kotas Marek , Tyliszczak Michał , Czapiga Bogdan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractButterfly glioblastoma (bGBM) is a rare brain tumor that invades both hemispheres by crossing the corpus callosum. bGBM is associated with a dismal prognosis with a median survival time of a few months. Surgical resection is a rare treatment option due to the unfavorable location and assumed poor risk-to-benefit ratio. Therefore, a biopsy-alone approach is considered the main treatment option. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate whether resection of bGBM is associated with improved overall survival compared with biopsy alone. We searched three databases to find studies that compare resection with biopsy in 6-, 12- and 18-months overall survival in patients with bGBM. We calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) of mortality using a random-effects model. Five studies with 194 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Mortality was decreased for resection compared with biopsy at 6-months (RR 0.63 [95% CI 0.44–0.91]). No significant differences in overall survival were found at 12 (RR 0.76 [95% CI 0.50–1.14]) and 18-months (RR 0.84 [95% CI 0.56–1.26]). Surgical resection of bGBM is associated with an improved 6-months overall survival compared with biopsy alone. We have not found strong evidence supporting the superiority of resection over biopsy alone in overall survival at 12 and 18-months.
Elevated resting heart rate as a predictor of inflammation and cardiovascular risk in healthy obese individuals
Authors: Al-Rashed Fatema , Sindhu Sardar , Al Madhoun Ashraf , Ahmad Zunair , AlMekhled Dawood , Azim Rafaat , Al-Kandari Sarah , Wahid Maziad Al-Abdul , Al-Mulla Fahd , Ahmad Rasheed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of leukocyte inflammatory markers and toll like receptors (TLRs)2/4 in pathologies associated with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) levels in healthy obese (HO) individuals is not well elucidated. Herein, we investigated the relationship of RHR with expression of leukocyte-inflammatory markers and TLRs in HO individuals. 58-obese and 57-lean participants with no history of a major medical condition, were recruited in this study. In HO individuals, the elevated-RHR correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, pro-inflammatory monocytes CD11b+CD11c+CD206− phenotype (r = 0.52, P = 0.0003) as well as with activated T cells CD8+HLA-DR+ phenotype (r = 0.27, P = 0.039). No association was found between RHR and the percentage of CD16+CD11b+ neutrophils. Interestingly, elevated RHR positively correlated with cells expressing TLR4 and TLR2 (CD14+TLR4+, r = 0.51, P ≤ 0.0001; and CD14+TLR2+, r = 0.42, P = 0.001). TLR4+ expressing cells also associated positively with the plasma concentrations of proinflammatory or vascular permeability/matrix modulatory markers including TNF-α (r = 0.36, P = 0.005), VEGF (r = 0.47, P = 0.0002), and MMP-9 (r = 0.53, P ≤ 0.0001). Multiple regression revealed that RHR is independently associated with CD14+TLR4+ monocytes and VEGF. We conclude that in HO individuals, increased CD14+TLR4+ monocytes and circulatory VEGF levels associated independently with RHR, implying that RHR monitoring could be used as a non-invasive clinical indicator to identify healthy obese individuals at an increased risk of developing inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
All trans retinoic acid alleviates coronary stenosis by regulating smooth muscle cell function in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Suganuma Eisuke , Sato Satoshi , Honda Satoko , Nakazawa Atsuko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoronary artery (CA) stenosis is a detrimental and often life-threatening sequela in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). Therapeutic strategies for these patients have not yet been established. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a modulator of smooth muscle cell functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atRA on CA stenosis in a mouse model of KD. Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) was intraperitoneally injected into 5-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice to induce CA stenosis. Two weeks later, the mice were orally administered atRA (30 mg/kg) 5 days per week for 14 weeks (LCWE + atRA group, n = 7). Mice in the untreated group (LCWE group, n = 6) received corn oil alone. Control mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, n = 5). Treatment with atRA significantly suppressed CA inflammation (19.3 ± 2.8 vs 4.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.0001) and reduced the incidence of CA stenosis (100% vs 18.5%, p < 0.05). In addition, atRA suppressed the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer (PDGF-BB). In conclusion, atRA dramatically alleviated CA stenosis by suppressing SMC migration. Therefore, it is expected to have clinical applications preventing CA stenosis in KD patients with CAA.
Influence of acetylene on methane–air explosion characteristics in a confined chamber
Authors: Jia Jinzhang , Zhu Jinchao , Niu Wenxing , Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo study the impact of acetylene on methane explosions, the safe operation of coal mines should be ensured. In this paper, a 20 L spherical tank was used to study the explosive characteristics of acetylene–methane–air mixture. In addition, the GRI-Mech3.0 mechanism was used to study the chemical kinetic mechanism for the mixed gas, and the effect of adding acetylene on the sensitivity of methane and the yield of free radicals was analysed. The results show that acetylene can expand the scope for methane explosion, lower the lower explosion limit, and increase the risk of explosion. Acetylene increases the maximum explosion pressure, laminar combustion rate and maximum pressure rise rate for the methane–air mixture while shortening the combustion time. Three combustion modes for the acetylene–methane–air mixture were determined: methane-dominated, transitional and acetylene-dominated combustion modes. Chemical kinetic analysis for the mixed gas shows that as the volume fraction of acetylene increases, the generation rate for key free radicals (H*, O* and OH*) gradually increases, thereby increasing the intensity of the explosive reaction. The results from this research will help formulate measures to prevent coal mine explosion accidents.
The mitochondrial genome of the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator is intron rich and exhibits a distinct gene organization
Authors: Zaccaron Alex Z. , De Souza Jorge T. , Stergiopoulos Ioannis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPowdery mildews are notorious fungal plant pathogens but only limited information exists on their genomes. Here we present the mitochondrial genome of the grape powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator and a high-quality mitochondrial gene annotation generated through cloning and Sanger sequencing of full-length cDNA clones. The E. necator mitochondrial genome consists of a circular DNA sequence of 188,577 bp that harbors a core set of 14 protein-coding genes that are typically present in fungal mitochondrial genomes, along with genes encoding the small and large ribosomal subunits, a ribosomal protein S3, and 25 mitochondrial-encoded transfer RNAs (mt-tRNAs). Interestingly, it also exhibits a distinct gene organization with atypical bicistronic-like expression of the nad4L/nad5 and atp6/nad3 gene pairs, and contains a large number of 70 introns, making it one of the richest in introns mitochondrial genomes among fungi. Sixty-four intronic ORFs were also found, most of which encoded homing endonucleases of the LAGLIDADG or GIY-YIG families. Further comparative analysis of five E. necator isolates revealed 203 polymorphic sites, but only five were located within exons of the core mitochondrial genes. These results provide insights into the organization of mitochondrial genomes of powdery mildews and represent valuable resources for population genetic and evolutionary studies.
Enhancement of aragonite mineralization with a chelating agent for CO2 storage and utilization at low to moderate temperatures
Authors: Wang Jiajie , Watanabe Noriaki , Inomoto Kosuke , Kamitakahara Masanobu , Nakamura Kengo , Komai Takeshi , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong the CaCO3 polymorphs, aragonite demonstrates a better performance as a filler material in the paper and plastic industries. Despite being ideal from the environmental protection perspective, the production of aragonite particles via CO2 mineralization of rocks is hindered by the difficulty in achieving high production efficiencies and purities, which, however, can be mitigated by exploiting the potential ability of chelating agents on metal ions extraction and carbonation controlling. Herein, chelating agent N,N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid (GLDA) was used to enhance the extraction of Ca from calcium silicate and facilitate the production of aragonite particles during the subsequent Ca carbonation. CO2 mineralization was promoted in the presence of 0.01–0.1 M GLDA at ≤ 80 °C, with the maximal CaCO3 production efficiency reached 308 g/kg of calcium silicate in 60 min using 0.03 M GLDA, which is 15.5 times higher than that without GLDA. In addition, GLDA showed excellent effects on promoting aragonite precipitation, e.g., the content of aragonite was only 5.1% in the absence of GLDA at 50 °C, whereas highly pure (> 90%, increased by a factor of 18) and morphologically uniform aragonite was obtained using ≥ 0.05 M GLDA under identical conditions. Aragonite particle morphologies could also be controlled by varying the GLDA concentration and carbonation temperature. This study proposed a carbon-negative aragonite production method, demonstrated the possibility of enhanced and controlled aragonite particle production during the CO2 mineralization of calcium silicates in the presence of chelating agents.
In vivodual fluorescence imaging of mucin 1 and its glycoform in tumor cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Ye Yufei , Huang Zhaohui , Seeberger Peter H. , Hu Jing , Yin Jian 
Published: July 2021

A light activated FRET-based MUC1 dual imaging system of nanoprobes is developed. This system can achieve dual imaging of MUC1 and its sialylation in vitro, in vivo and in clinical human tissue samples, with high specificity and biocompatibility.
Microstructure and defect characteristics of lithium niobate with different Li concentrations
Authors: Chen Kunfeng , Li Yanlu , Peng Chao , Lu Zheng , Luo Xingyun , Xue Dongfeng 
Published: July 2021

Li vacancies and Nb antisites are stable point defects in congruent lithium niobate. The intrinsic point defects induce the Li/Nb cation mixing, the formation of temperature-dependent defect microstructures, and disorder within the LiNbO3 lattice frame.
Impact of PEGDA photopolymerization in micro-stereolithography on 3D printed hydrogel structure and swelling
Authors: Alketbi Afra S. , Shi Yunfeng , Li Hongxia , Raza Aikifa , Zhang TieJun 
Published: July 2021

Molecular insights into PEGDA photopolymerization in SLA 3D printing are revealed through spectroscopic, microscopic and computational studies. The impact of processing parameters on microscale swelling dynamics of hydrogels is investigated.
Nanomaterials for bioprinting: functionalization of tissue-specific bioinks
Authors: Theus Andrea S. , Ning Liqun , Jin Linqi , Roeder Ryan K. , Zhang Jianyi , Serpooshan Vahid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is rapidly evolving, offering great potential for manufacturing functional tissue analogs for use in diverse biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and disease modeling. Biomaterials used as bioinks in printing processes must meet strict physiochemical and biomechanical requirements to ensure adequate printing fidelity, while closely mimicking the characteristics of the native tissue. To achieve this goal, nanomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a robust tool to functionalize bioink materials. In this review, we discuss the growing role of different nano-biomaterials in engineering functional bioinks for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The development and commercialization of these nanomaterial solutions for 3D bioprinting would be a significant step towards clinical translation of biofabrication.
Multi‐UAV cooperative trajectory optimisation for a multi‐hop UAV relaying network
Authors: Liu Cuntao , Guo Yan , Li Ning , Zhou Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this letter, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted data collection scenario is considered in the Internet of Things (IoT), where a multi‐hop UAV relaying network is constructed for real‐time data transmission. Taking the minimisation of the completion time of data collection, a non‐convex multi‐UAV trajectory optimisation problem is formulated, and it is converted to a cooperative hover position selection problem when “Hover‐Forwarding” data transmission mode is adopted. “Equal Distance” hover location selection scheme is proposed and analysed theoretically, based on which, an improved adaptive differential evolution algorithm (IADEA) is proposed to solve the hover position selection problem effectively. Simulation results show that IADEA can achieve an objective value that is no more than 8% higher than the optimal value, and it is more efficient than traditional genetic algorithm.
An improved 24‐pulse rectifier for harmonic mitigation in more electric aircraft
Authors: Abdollahi R. , Gharehpetian G. B. , Anvari‐Moghaddam A. , Blaabjerg F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo increase the power rating and reduce the cost and complexity of a multi‐pulse rectifier (MPR), it is well known that the pulse number must be increased. In some practical cases, a 12‐pulse rectifier (12PR) is suggested as a good solution considering its relatively simple structure and low weight. However, 12‐pulse rectifiers cannot technically meet the standards of harmonic distortion requirements for some industrial applications, and therefore they must be used along with output filters. Two cost‐effective 24‐pulse rectifiers (24PRs) are suggested in the article, which consist of a polygon autotransformer 12PR and two pulse doubling circuits (PDCs) at dc link. The first PDC (PDC1) is based on an inter‐phase transformer (IPT) with a step‐up secondary winding, and the second one (PDC2) is based on an IPT with a step‐down secondary winding. To show the advantages of the proposed combinations compared with other solutions, simulation results are used, and also a prototype is implemented to evaluate and verify the simulation results. The simulation and experimental test results show that the total harmonic distortion (%THD) of the input current for the 12PR with PDC1 is less than 3.67%, and the 12PR with PDC2 is less than 1.45%, which meets the IEEE 519 and DO‐160G requirements. Also, it is shown that in comparison with other solutions, the proposed two configurations are cost‐effective, power factor is near unity, rating is almost 29% of the load rating, and the efficiency is almost 97.5%, which makes them a practical solution for more electric aircraft.
Penumbral decay observed in active region NOAA 12585
Authors: Murabito M. , Guglielmino S. L. , Ermolli I. , Romano P. , Jafarzadeh S. , Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The physical conditions leading the sunspot penumbra decay are poorly understood so far.
Aims. We investigate the photospheric magnetic and velocity properties of a sunspot penumbra during the decay phase to advance the current knowledge of the conditions leading to this process.
Methods. A penumbral decay was observed with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope on 2016 September 4 and 5 in the active region NOAA 12585. During these days, full-Stokes spectropolarimetric scans along the Fe I 630 nm line pair were acquired over more than one hour. We inverted these observations with the VFISV code to obtain the evolution of the magnetic and velocity properties. We complement the study with data from instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Hinode space missions.
Results. The studied penumbra disappears progressively in time and space. The magnetic flux evolution seems to be linked to the presence of moving magnetic features (MMFs). Decreasing Stokes V signals are observed. Evershed flows and horizontal fields were detected even after the disappearance of the penumbral sector.
Conclusions. The analyzed penumbral decay seems to result from the interaction between opposite polarity fields in type III MMFs and penumbra, while the presence of overlying canopies regulates the evolution in the different penumbral sectors.
Immunology and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer – Current Aspects
Authors: Bronger Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decade immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) against the PD-1/PD-L1 system have revolutionised the treatment of numerous entities. To date, ovarian cancer has benefited very little from this success story. Possible causes include a rather low mutational burden compared to other tumour types, inadequate presentation of (neo-)antigens, and increased infiltration with immunosuppressive immune cells such as regulatory T cells and tumour-associated macrophages. In the clinical trials completed to date, the response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have therefore been disappointingly low as well, although isolated long-term remissions have also been observed in ovarian cancer. The task now is to find suitable predictive biomarkers as well as to identify combination partners for ICB therapy that can increase the immunogenicity of ovarian cancer or overcome immunosuppressive resistance mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the immune milieu in ovarian cancer, its impact on the effect of ICB, and summarises the clinical trial data available to date on ICB in ovarian cancer.
A Prospective Study to Assess the Optimal Incubation Times for Culture and Aerobic Bacterial Profile in Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Kaur Mandeep , Bora Prapti , Kumari Pooja , Datta Priya , Gupta Ravi , Chander Jagdish 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction With an increase in the number of total joint arthroplasties, the count of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is also increasing and has become a nightmare for an orthopaedic surgeon. Microbiological diagnosis is important for administering definitive antimicrobial treatment. Negative culture reports hamper patient management and prolonged incubation periods have increased the culture yield but at the risk of culture contamination in conventional microbiology settings. Thus, we aimed to optimize the best incubation time for culture and the aerobic bacterial profile of PJIs.
Material and Methods Over a year, samples from clinically suspected PJI patients were collected and processed for culture using standard techniques. The samples were incubated for up to 10 days with daily subculturing on to solid media. The bacterial isolates were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was performed.
Results Out of 200 patients, 105 were included in the study and samples were collected in triplicate. In 70 cases culture was positive and 35 were culture negative PJIs. Mean incubation days to culture positivity was 3.6 days with 97.14% culture positivity seen by the seventh day of incubation. Twenty-four percent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and more than 50% extended spectrum β lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated.
Discussion Culture positivity in PJIs provides definitive evidence of infection and guides the treatment. Increasing the incubation times can help in maximizing the culture yield, and we found that 97.14% pathogens grew within 7 days of incubation. Prolonging it further would not provide an added advantage especially in a resource-constraint setting.