bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leakage current characteristics and ageing assessment technology of roof arrester under ultra harmonics overvoltage
Authors: Sun Jixing , Ding Fan , Lv Yunlong , Ren Jiayi , Song Sibo , Li Tiance , Zhi Qingyun , Guo Changwang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe large leakage current of the roof arrester caused by the high‐frequency resonant overvoltage on the high‐speed train occurs intermittently, which will cause the arrester to overheat locally. In this work, the overheating issue of the arrester under Ultra Harmonics Overvoltage is studied. Then, the relationship between the active power and the voltage (including amplitude and frequency) of the arrester is investigated, and the impact mechanism of the harmonic voltage on the overheating fault of the arrester is analysed based on experiments in this work. It is found that the total leakage current of the arrester is proportional to the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage. The internal resistance of the arrester is independent of the amplitude of the voltage, but it will decrease with the increase of the frequency. The main reason that leads to thermal breakdown of the arrester valve under high‐frequency harmonic voltage is the heating power elevation of the arrester valve. The research study can provide theoretical basis and data support for the design, type selection and monitoring of the high‐speed train roof arrester.
Certification of the efficient random number generation technique based on single‐photon detector arrays and time‐to‐digital converters
Authors: Stanco Andrea , Marangon Davide G. , Vallone Giuseppe , Burri Samuel , Charbon Edoardo , Villoresi Paolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrue random number generators (TRNGs) allow the generation of true random bit sequences, guaranteeing the unpredictability and perfect balancing of the generated values. TRNGs can be realised from the sampling of quantum phenomena, for instance, the detection of single photons. Here, a recently proposed technique, which implements a quantum random number generator (QRNG) out of a device that was realised for a different scope, is further analysed and certified [1]. The combination of a CMOS single‐photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, a high‐resolution time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the exploitation of a single‐photon temporal degree of freedom, and an unbiased procedure provided by H. Zhou and J. Bruck [2, 3] allows the generation of true random bits with a high bitrate in a compact and easy‐to‐calibrate device. Indeed, the use of the ‘Zhou–Bruck’ method allows the removal of any correlation from the binary representation of decimal data. This perfectly fits with the usage of a device with non‐idealities like SPAD's afterpulses, pixel cross‐correlation, and time‐to‐digital converter non‐uniform conversion. In this work, an in‐depth analysis and certification of the technique presented in [1] is provided by processing the data with the NIST suite tests in order to prove the effectiveness and validity of this approach.
Blood Pharming – eine realistische Option?
Authors: Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Thiel Jessica , Tonn Torsten 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bluttransfusion ist ein wesentlicher und unersetzlicher Teil der modernen Medizin. Jedoch stellt vor allem bei Patienten mit sehr seltenen Blutgruppenkonstellationen der Mangel an Blutprodukten auch heute noch ein wichtiges Gesundheitsproblem weltweit dar. Um diesem Problem entgegenzutreten, versucht man seit einiger Zeit künstlich rote Blutzellen zu generieren. Diese haben potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber Spenderblut, wie z. B. ein verringertes Risiko für die Übertragung von Infektionskrankheiten. Diese Übersicht fasst die aktuellen Entwicklungen über den Prozess der Erythropoese, die Expansionsstrategien der erythrozytären Zellen, der verschiedenen Quellen für ex vivo expandierte Erythrozyten, die Hürden für die klinische Anwendung und die zukünftigen Möglichkeiten der Anwendung zusammen.
Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Schrezenmeier Hubert 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über kommerziell erhältliche Testsysteme zur Untersuchung von Probenmaterial aus Blut auf verschiedene Antikörper gegen SARS-CoV-2. Dabei wird auch auf mögliche Anwendungen solcher Testungen eingegangen, angefangen von Seroprävalenz- und Longitudinalstudien über das Screening potenzieller Rekonvaleszenzplasmaspender bis hin zum Monitoring der humoralen Immunantwort nach Impfung gegen SARS-CoV-2.
Therapeutische Apheresen
Authors: Witt Volker 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungApheresen können ihre therapeutische Wirkung entfalten durch die Entfernung von pathologischen Komponenten, den Austausch von krankhaften Komponenten oder die Entnahme von kranken Komponenten, um sie außerhalb des Körpers zu behandeln. Der Beitrag stellt die verschiedenen Verfahren und Einsatzmöglichkeiten vor.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs. endoscopic mucosal resection for early Barrett's neoplasia in the West: a retrospective study
Authors: Mejia Perez Lady Katherine , Yang Dennis , Draganov Peter V. , Jawaid Salmaan , Chak Amitabh , Dumot John , Alaber Omar , Vargo John J. , Jang Sunguk , Mehta Neal , Fukami Norio , Chua Tiffany , Gabr Moamen , Kudaravalli Praneeth , Aihara Hiroyuki , Maluf-Filho Fauze , Ngamruengphong Saowanee , Pourmousavi Khoshknab Milad , Bhatt Amit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The difference in clinical outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early Barrett's esophagus (BE) neoplasia remains unclear. We compared the recurrence/residual tissue rates, resection outcomes, and adverse events after ESD and EMR for early BE neoplasia.
Methods We included patients who underwent EMR or ESD for BE-associated high grade dysplasia (HGD) or T1a esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) at eight academic hospitals. We compared demographic, procedural, and histologic characteristics, and follow-up data. A time-to-event analysis was performed to evaluate recurrence/residual disease and a Kaplan–Meier curve was used to compare the groups.
Results 243 patients (150 EMR; 93 ESD) were included. EMR had lower en bloc (43 % vs. 89 %; P < 0.001) and R0 (56 % vs. 73 %; P = 0.01) rates than ESD. There was no difference in the rates of perforation (0.7 % vs. 0; P > 0.99), early bleeding (0.7 % vs. 1 %; P > 0.99), delayed bleeding (3.3 % vs. 2.1 %; P = 0.71), and stricture (10 % vs. 16 %; P = 0.16) between EMR and ESD. Patients with non-curative resections who underwent further therapy were excluded from the recurrence analysis. Recurrent/residual disease was 31.4 % [44/140] for EMR and 3.5 % [3/85] for ESD during a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 15.5 (6.75–30) and 8 (2–18) months, respectively. Recurrence-/residual disease-free survival was significantly higher in the ESD group. More patients required additional endoscopic resection procedures to treat recurrent/residual disease after EMR (EMR 24.2 % vs. ESD 3.5 %; P < 0.001).
Conclusions ESD is safe and results in more definitive treatment of early BE neoplasia, with significantly lower recurrence/residual disease rates and less need for repeat endoscopic treatments than with EMR.
Zur Konzeptgeschichte der Myotonia congenita: Die Beiträge
von Julius Thomsen und Adolph Seeligmüller
Authors: Arendt Carolin , Zierz Stephan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Erkrankung Myotonia congenita wurde als Entität 1876 erstmals durch
Julius Thomsen beschrieben. Noch im gleichen Jahr wurde diese Beschreibung von
Adolph Seeligmüller kritisch betrachtet und um wesentliche Befunde
ergänzt. Bereits Charles Bell, Moritz Benedict und Ernst von Leyden
hatten vor 1876 die Symptomatik der Erkrankung beschrieben, ohne jedoch eine
neue Entität anzunehmen. Der Vergleich der Publikationen von Thomsen und
Seeligmüller von 1876 untereinander und mit Seeligmüllers
Lehrbuchkapitel von 1887 sowie mit dem heute genetisch gesicherten
Krankheitsbild zeigt, dass Seeligmüller zurecht zwei Aspekte an Thomsens
Publikation kritisierte: (i) Die von Thomsen vermutete Pathogenese in
„der einen Thätigkeitshälfte des Gehirns, des
Willens“ mit „Sitz im Cerebrospinalsysteme“ und (ii) die
Annahme einer Koordinationsstörung im Sinne einer Ataxie [1].
Demgegenüber diskutierte Seeligmüller eine „schwerer
beweglich Muskelsubstanz“ [2] als Pathogenese mit der er gleichwohl eine
angeborene Affection der Seitenstränge des Rückenmarks nicht
ausschließen wollte. Es wäre deshalb durchaus gerechtfertigt
gewesen, Seeligmüllers Anteil an der Konzeptgeschichte der Myotonia
congenita durch die Aufnahme seines Namens in das Eponym zu würdigen
[3].
An Expedient Approach to Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamides via Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation
Authors: Keating John J. , Alam Ryan M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine is a privileged scaffold found in many small drug molecules that possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. Efforts to further develop and exploit synthetic methodologies that permit the functionalization of this heterocyclic moiety warrant investigation. To this end, a series of novel 1,3-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives have been prepared by introducing the 3-carboxamide moiety using palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation methodology and employing CO gas generated ex situ using a two-chamber reactor (COware®). The functional group tolerance of this optimized aminocarbonylation protocol is highlighted through the synthesis of a range of diversely substituted C-3 carbox­amide pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in excellent yields of up to 99%.
Thumb Injuries and Instabilities. Part 2: Spectrum of Lesions
Authors: Blum Alain G. , van Holsbeeck Marnix T. , Bianchi Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe motor function of the thumb and its alignment with regard to the hand make it particularly vulnerable to trauma. Pathology encountered in this joint is varied, and imaging techniques play a crucial role in the diagnosis and characterization of injury. Despite advances in imaging technology, acute thumb injuries remain a challenge for radiologists. Currently, standard radiography and ultrasonography are frequently used first-line imaging techniques. Computed tomography is most often indicated for complex fractures and dislocations. Magnetic resonance imaging may be used to optimally characterize soft tissues and bone marrow. In this article, we cover the most common traumatic injuries: fractures, dislocations, collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint, as well as soft tissue lesions.
Safe Lines to Life Savers—A Focus on Rescuer Safety
Authors: Sharma Ashima , Narla Sreelekha , Pasupuleti Shalini 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective To describe and discuss the new cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period.

Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire humankind despite immense efforts by the government, like mandatory personal protection, lockdown, and so forth. Numerous health care workers (HCW) lay rescuers during resuscitation are at risk of acquiring infection. This resulted in the formulation of additional guidelines during CPR, specific to COVID-19.

Method A narrative overview of new resuscitation guidelines made for protecting rescuers during COVID-19 by American Heart Association (AHA), European guidelines on resuscitation update, Research Society of Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Indian Resuscitation Council (IRC).

Discussion An overview of all new steps of resuscitation starting from the checking responsiveness of the patient, rescuer safety, control of aerosolization, number of team members, CPR, airway management, drugs and dosages, defibrillation, appropriateness of continuing resuscitation, and discussing the changes made in standard guidelines.
Unveiling Potential Active Constituents and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Pudilanxiaoyan Oral Liquid for Anti-Coronavirus Pneumonia Using Network Pharmacology
Authors: Tong Ying-Peng , Shen Xiao-Fei , Li Chao , Zhou Qi , Jiang Chun-Xiao , Li Na , Xie Zhen-Da , Zhu Zi-Ping , Wang Jian-Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), defined as a worldwide pandemic, has been a public health emergency of international concern. Pudilanxiaoyan oral liquid (PDL), an effective drug of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is considered to be an effective and alternative means for clinical prevention of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to identify potential active constituents of PDL, and explore its underlying anti-COVID-19 mechanism using network pharmacology. Integration of target prediction (SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH database) was used to elucidate the active components of PDL. Protein–protein interaction network analyses, gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, network construction, and molecular docking were applied to analyze the prospective mechanisms of the predicted target genes. Our results showed that the key active ingredients in PDL were luteolin, apigenin, esculetin, chrysin, baicalein, oroxylin A, baicalin, wogonin, cymaroside, and gallic acid. A majority of the predicted targets were mainly involved in the pathways related to viral infection, lung injury, and inflammatory responses. An in vitro study further inferred that inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-кB signaling pathway was a key mechanism by which PDL exerted anti-COVID-19 effects. This study not only provides chemical basis and pharmacology of PDL but also the rationale for strategies to exploring future TCM for COVID-19 therapy.
Prediction Model Assessing Risk of Delivery after Diagnosis of Abnormal Umbilical Artery Doppler
Authors: Yu Hope Y. , Has Phinnara , Danilack Valery A. , Werner Erika F. , Rouse Dwight J. 
Published: August 2021

Objective Umbilical artery Doppler (UAD) velocimetry abnormalities are associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no risk stratification methods to assist in antepartum management such as timing of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS). Therefore, we sought to develop a model to predict risk of delivery within 7 days following diagnosis of abnormal UAD velocimetry in patients with fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Study Design Retrospective single referral center study of liveborn singleton pregnancies complicated by FGR and ≥1 abnormal UAD velocimetry value (≥95th percentile for gestational age [GA]). We considered 17 variables and used backward stepwise logistic regression to create a multivariable model for the prediction of delivery within 7 days. We assessed model fit with calibration, discrimination, likelihood ratios, and area under the curve. Internal validation of the model was assessed by using the bootstrap method.
Results Between 2008 and 2015, a total of 176 patients were eligible and included for model development. Median (range) GA at initial eligibility was 32.1 weeks (28.1–36.1 weeks) and from initial eligibility until delivery was 21 days (0–104 days). Fifty-two patients (30%) were delivered in the 7 days following inclusion. GA at first abnormal UAD, severity of first abnormal UAD, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, and pre-pregnancy BMI were included in the model. The model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–0.98), sensitivity of 85%, and specificity of 91%. If the model alone were used for ACS timing, 85% of the cohort who delivered in the following week would have received ACS, and ACS would not have been given to 91% who delivered later. Internal validation yielded similar results with a mean area under the curve (95% CI) of 0.94 (0.88–0.98).
Conclusion If validated externally, our model can be used to predict risk of delivery in patients with FGR and abnormal UAD velocimetry, potentially improving timing of ACS.
Key Points
Design, simulation, and test of surface and volume radio frequency coils for 13C magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Frijia Francesca , Flori Alessandra , Giovannetti Giulio 
Published: August 2021

Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance (MR) is a promising technique for in vivo non-invasive assessment of metabolism in humans. Despite the considerable signal increase provided by hyperpolarization techniques, the low molar concentration of derivate 13C metabolites gives rise to technological limits in terms of data quality. The development of dedicated radio frequency coils, capable of providing a large field of view with high signal-to-noise ratio data, is thus a fundamental task. This work describes the design, simulation, and test of a surface and a volume coil, both designed to be integrated with a clinical scanner for hyperpolarized 13C studies in small animal models, with the purpose to provide a detailed characterization and comparison of their performance. In particular, coil inductance was evaluated with analytical calculation, while the magnetostatic theory was employed for coils magnetic field pattern estimation. Workbench tests permitted us to characterize coil performance in terms of quality factor and efficiency. Additionally, this Tutorial summarizes the acquisition experience for the reconstruction of 13C spectroscopic maps in phantom using the two designed coils and a 3 T MR clinical scanner. We believe that this Tutorial could be interesting for graduate students and researchers in the field of magnetic resonance coil design and development, especially for 13C studies.
The N terminus of α-synuclein dictates fibril formation
Authors: McGlinchey Ryan P. , Ni Xiaodan , Shadish Jared A. , Jiang Jiansen , Lee Jennifer C. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
α-Synuclein truncations are prevalent in Parkinson’s disease. While C-terminal truncations are known to accelerate α-synuclein aggregation, the understanding of how N-terminal truncations influence fibril formation lags behind. Here, we show that the removal of N-terminal residues outside the canonical amyloid core weakens the fibril seeding efficiency and hinders propagation. Remarkably, a unique, asymmetric amyloid core is revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy in the N-terminally truncated 41–140 variant, highlighting the strong influence of the N terminus in dictating fibril structure. This work offers insights into the interplay of truncations and full-length proteins; thus, changes in their relative levels could prove to be beneficial for molecular intervention.
Amino acids activate mTORC1 to release roe deer embryos from decelerated proliferation during diapause
Authors: van der Weijden Vera A. , Bick Jochen T. , Bauersachs Stefan , Rüegg Anna B. , Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Goeritz Frank , Jewgenow Katarina , Giesbertz Pieter , Daniel Hannelore , Derisoud Emilie , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Bruckmaier Rupert M. , Drews Barbara , Ulbrich Susanne E. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
In mammals, embryo development can halt at the hatched blastocyst stage. Uniquely, proliferation of diapausing embryonic roe deer cells decelerates to a doubling time of 2 to 3 wk over a period of 4 mo. We highlight nutrient sensing as an important factor regulating embryonic developmental pace. The resumption of embryo development is characterized by an increase in uterine fluid mTORC1-activating amino acids, embryonic mTORC1 activity, and expression of metabolism and cell cycle genes. We propose selective mTORC1 inhibition via reduced estrogen signaling and high let-7 levels as mechanisms for slow cell cycle progression. We hypothesize that it is the lack of embryonic mTORC2 inhibition during embryonic diapause in the roe deer that enables the continuous decelerated rate of proliferation.
Ssu72 phosphatase directly binds to ZAP-70, thereby providing fine-tuning of TCR signaling and preventing spontaneous inflammation
Authors: Ko Jae Sung , Jeong Dongjin , Koh Jaemoon , Jung Hyeryeon , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Hye Young , Yi Eugene C. , Lee Ho , Lee Chang-Woo , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThe appropriate T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated activation in T cells is mandatory for efficient adaptive immunity. However, the mechanism for maintaining appropriate TCR signaling remains elusive. Moreover, Ssu72 is a phosphatase that regulates RNA polymerase II activity in the nucleus, and its functions in the fine-tuning of TCR signaling has not been investigated. This study demonstrates that Ssu72 regulates the fine-tuning of TCR signaling by binding to ZAP-70 and regulating its tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby preventing spontaneous inflammation. These results provide an immunologic insight for the fine-tuning of TCR signaling during autoimmunity.
Bayesian metamodeling of complex biological systems across varying representations
Authors: Raveh Barak , Sun Liping , White Kate L. , Sanyal Tanmoy , Tempkin Jeremy , Zheng Dongqing , Bharath Kala , Singla Jitin , Wang Chenxi , Zhao Jihui , Li Angdi , Graham Nicholas A. , Kesselman Carl , Stevens Raymond C. , Sali Andrej 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Cells are the basic units of life, yet their architecture and function remain to be fully characterized. This work describes Bayesian metamodeling, a modeling approach that divides and conquers a large problem of modeling numerous aspects of the cell into computing a number of smaller models of different types, followed by assembling these models into a complete map of the cell. Metamodeling enables a facile collaboration of multiple research groups and communities, thus maximizing the sharing of expertise, resources, data, and models. A proof of principle is provided by a model of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion produced by the Pancreatic β-Cell Consortium.
Pathway conversion enables a double-lock mechanism to maintain DNA methylation and genome stability
Authors: He Li , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Qingzhu , Zinta Gaurav , Wang Dong , Lozano-Durán Rosa , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceIn plants, several DNA methylation pathways help maintain DNA methylation patterns to ensure that transposons remain in a silenced state and cell-specific DNA methylation is preserved after cell division. Here, we demonstrate that loss of function of the chromatin remodeler DDM1 induces a pathway conversion from CMT2- to RdDM-dependency to ensure the maintenance of CHH methylation. In plants defective in both DDM1 and RdDM, there is strong reactivation of TEs and a burst of TE transposition. Thus, our work not only identifies a variant of the RdDM pathway, but also shows that DNA methylation maintenance at a given locus is an adaptable process, revealing the existence of a double-insurance mechanism for the regulation of DNA methylation to guarantee genome integrity.
Knowledge types and presuppositions
Authors: Navera Jocelyn A. S. , Gustilo Leah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic apologies are so prevalent in our social lives that they have become a subject of scholarly investigation all over the globe. The present study, which involves coding, frequency counting, and qualitative analysis, examines the strategic aspects of 16 public apologies issued to Filipino apologizees. The results of our analysis indicate that apologizers often choose varied knowledge types and draw upon presuppositions to strategically omit details that can negatively influence their credibility and the reception of their apology. More specifically, apologizers use the audience’s presuppositions to avoid presenting common knowledge of the offense that may incriminate them further; they also omit the mention of future action that may hold them more accountable for their transgressions. Our present analysis bolsters the view that although the sincerity of public apologies cannot be exactly measured, they are still performed as part of image repair and management of interpersonal relationships.