bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: A new Co(II)‐coordination polymer: Photocatalytic studies and treatment values on mania by reducing the ErbB4 expression on the noradrenergic neurons
Authors: Zhou Yun‐Shan , Wang Jia , Lin Xiao‐Fang , Jiang Qiuhua , Zhu Jian‐Nan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel coordination polymer based on Co(II) has been generated utilizing the 4,4′,4″‐phosphanetriyltribenzoic acid (H3tpp) as the tritopic connector in the existence of a second N‐donor ligand 3,3′‐bipyridine (3,3′‐bpy) under the solvothermal reaction conditions, and its chemical formula is [Co3(tpp)2(3,3′‐bpy)]·7DMF (1). Moreover, under ultraviolet irradiation, complex 1 has high photocatalytic activities for methylene blue degradation, and its photodegradation performance does not show much reduction after three cycles of experiments. Furthermore, the compound's biological activity against the mania was assessed, and the protentional mechanism was discussed. First, the neuroregulin1 content in the hippocampus was detected via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the compound's treatment activity on mania. Then, the ErbB4 relative expression levels were detected using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The carboxyl groups have been confirmed to be responsible for all the binding interactions formed by molecular docking simulation.
Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Berberis balochistanica: Characterization, and diverse biological applications
Authors: Uddin Siraj , Safdar Luqman Bin , Iqbal Javed , Yaseen Tabassum , Laila Sabiha , Anwar Saeed , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Saif Muhammad Saqib , Quraishi Umar Masood 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn current report, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) were synthesized using leaf extract of Berberis balochistanica (BB) an endemic medicinal plant. The BB leaves extract act as a strong reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent in the synthesis of BB@NiONPs. Further, BB@NiONPs were characterized using Uv–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and average size was calculated ~21.7 nm). Multiple in vitro biological activities were performed to determine their therapeutic potentials. The BB@NiONPs showed strong antioxidant activities in term of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with scavenging potential of 69.98 and 59.59% at 200 μg/ml, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal testes were examined using different bacterial and fungal strains and dose‐dependent inhibition response was reported. Laterally, cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities were studied using brine shrimp and radish seeds. The result determined potential cytotoxic activity with LD50 value (49.10 μg/ml) and outstanding stimulatory effect of BB@NiONPs on seed germination at lower concentrations as compared to control. Overall, result concluded that biosynthesis of NiONPs using leaf extracts of Berberis balochistanica is cheap, easy, and safe method and could be used in biomedical and agriculture field as nanomedicine and nano fertilizer.
Fetal and placental infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in early pregnancy
Authors: Valdespino‐Vázquez María Y. , Helguera‐Repetto Cecilia A. , León‐Juárez Moises , Villavicencio‐Carrisoza Oscar , Flores‐Pliego Arturo , Moreno‐Verduzco Elsa R. , Díaz‐Pérez Diana L. , Villegas‐Mota Isabel , Carrasco‐Ramírez Elba , López‐Martínez Irma E. , Giraldo‐Gómez David M. , Lira Rosalia , Yocupicio‐Monroy Martha , Rodríguez‐Bosch Mario , Sevilla‐Reyes Edgar E. , Cortés‐Bonilla Manuel , Acevedo‐Gallegos Sandra , Merchant‐Larios Horacio , Cardona‐Pérez Jorge Arturo , Irles Claudine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo date, mother‐to‐fetus transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, remains controversial. Although placental COVID‐19 infection has been documented in some cases during the second‐ and third‐trimesters, no reports are available for the first trimester of pregnancy, and no SARS‐CoV‐2 protein has been found in fetal tissues. We studied the placenta and fetal organs from an early pregnancy miscarriage in a COVID‐19 maternal infection by immunohistochemical, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy methods. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein, viral RNA, and particles consistent with coronavirus were found in the placenta and fetal tissues, accompanied by RNA replication revealed by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) positive immunostain. Prominent damage of the placenta and fetal organs were associated with a hyperinflammatory process identified by histological examination and immunohistochemistry. The findings provided in this study document that congenital SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is possible during the first trimester of pregnancy and that fetal organs, such as lung and kidney, are targets for coronavirus. The infection and multi‐organic fetal inflammation produced by SARS‐CoV‐2 during early pregnancy should alert clinicians in the assessment and management of pregnant women for possible fetal consequences and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Dissemination and evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the early pandemic phase in South America
Authors: Wolf Jonas Michel , Streck André Felipe , Fonseca André , Ikuta Nilo , Simon Daniel , Lunge Vagner Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil with more than seven million cases of infection. Three major pandemic lineages/clades could be identified along with SARS‐CoV‐2 dissemination (G, GR, and GH) in the Americas. These clades differ according to their genomic characteristics, virulence, and spreading times. The present study describes the main clades and the respective temporal spreading analyses based on SARS‐CoV‐2 whole‐genome sequences (WGS) from South America, obtained in the early pandemic phase (from March 1 to May 31 in 2020). SARS‐CoV‐2 WGSs with available information from country and year of sampling were obtained from different countries and the main clades were identified and analyzed independently with a Bayesian approach. The results demonstrated the prevalence of clades GR (n = 842; 54.6%), G (n = 529; 34.3%), and GH (n = 171; 11.1%). The frequencies of the clades were significantly different between South American countries. Clade G was the most prevalent in Ecuador, Suriname, and Uruguay, clade GR in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, and clade GH in Colombia. The phylodynamic analysis indicated that all these main lineages increased viral spreading from February to early March and after an evolutionary stationary phase was observed. The decrease observed in the virus dissemination was directly associated to the reduction of social movement after March. In conclusion, these data demonstrated the current predominance of clades G, GR, and GH in South America because of the early dissemination of them in the first pandemic phase in South America.
The influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on the interdecadal variability of winter precipitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Gui Shu , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie , Tan Shucheng , Janjai Serm , Dong Zeyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the interdecadal variability (IDV) of winter precipitation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) between 1892 and 2016. The results showed that the precipitation IDV was characterized mainly by opposite variations between the southern and northern parts of GMS. This IDV pattern was closely linked to the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Rossby waves excited by the AMO modulated the atmospheric circulation across Eurasia, inducing an EU‐like teleconnection with alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across Eurasia. The GMS was directly affected by the anticyclonic anomaly over East Asia. This anticyclonic anomaly had dual effects on the GMS precipitation. Firstly, it caused a descending anomaly over the northern GMS and generated easterly anomalies that impeded the moisture transport from the northern BOB. Secondly, it strengthened the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) that weakened the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) to facilitate moisture transport from South China Sea to the southern GMS. Consequently, the precipitation varied inversely between the southern and northern parts of GMS. Numerical experiments confirmed the causal link between the AMO and IDV of winter precipitation in the GMS.
Surface Activity and Performance Properties of Gemini Salts of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Smith George A. , Huggett Alicia , Jones Christian , Ortego Gabe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGemini salts of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS) were prepared by neutralization of sulfonic acid with a series of low‐molecular‐weight diamines in aqueous solution. The equilibrium surface activity of Gemini salts of LABS was determined by measuring the surface tension as a function of surfactant concentration to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), and the area per molecule at the air‐water interface (Å2). Electrical conductivity was measured as a function of surfactant concentration to determine the CMC and counterion binding. Dynamic surface tension was measured using a bubble pressure tensiometer to infer the rate at which the surfactant migrates to the air‐water interface. Equilibrium interfacial tension against mineral oil was measured using a spinning drop tensiometer. Dynamic interfacial tension was measured using a drop volume tensiometer. The surface tension, CMC, and interfacial tension of Gemini salts of LABS decreased compared to monovalent organic and inorganic salts. The CMC decreases with increasing molecular weight of the diamine spacer group. Dynamic surface and interfacial tension of Gemini salts of LABS are lower than monovalent salts. The foam volume of Gemini salts of LABS was determined using a high shear blender test. The foam volume of Gemini salts of LABS is lower than monovalent salts and depends on the size of the spacer group. Hard‐surface cleaning was measured using artificial soil applied to white Formica tiles. Soil removal was determined by optical reflectance as a function of abrasion cycles. Gemini salts of LABS show reduced hard‐surface cleaning performance compared to monovalent salts. Detergency of different types of soils on cotton and polyester/cotton fabric was determined by optical reflectance measurements. Gemini salts of LABS show improved cleaning performance compared to monovalent salts. Cleaning performance increases with increasing molecular weight of the diamine spacer group. In situ neutralization of LABS with organic diamines is a simple and efficient way to prepare anionic Gemini surfactants for industrial scale applications.
Subjective assessment of display stream compression for stereoscopic imagery
Authors: Mohona Sanjida Sharmin , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution display bandwidth requirements often now exceed the capacity of display link channels necessitating compression. The goal of visually lossless compression codecs such as VESA DSC 1.2 is that viewers perceive no difference between the compressed and uncompressed images, maintaining long‐standing expectations of a lossless display link. Such low impairment performance is difficult to validate as artifacts are at or below sensory threshold. We have developed a 3D version of the ISO/IEC 29170‐2 flicker paradigm and used it to compare the effects of image compression in flat images presented in the plane of the screen (2D) to compression in flat images with a disparity offset from the screen (3D). We hypothesized that differences in the location and size of the compression errors between the disparate images in the 3D case would affect their visibility. The results showed that artifacts were often less visible in 3D compared to 2D viewing. These findings have practical applications with respect to codec performance targets and algorithm development for 3D movie, animation, and virtual reality content. In particular, higher compression should be attainable in stereoscopic compared to equivalent 2D images because of increased tolerance to artifacts that are binocularly unmatched or have disparity relative to the screen.
The predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index for postoperative survival of gallbladder carcinoma patients
Authors: Chen Hao , Huang Zhiwei , Sun Bo , Wang Ankang , Wang Yanrong , Shi Hao , Zheng Tianxiang , Li Tongxi , Huang Meizhou , Fu Wenguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence indicates that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) can predict the prognosis of various solid tumors. The objective of this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SII in predicting the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients after radical surgery.MethodsA consecutive series of 93 patients with GBC who underwent radical resection were enrolled in the retrospective study. The cutoff value for the SII was calculated using the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis by overall survival (OS) prediction. The associations between the SII and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of preoperative parameters. The multivariate Cox regression proportional hazard model was used to assess variables significant on univariate analysis.ResultsThe Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the multivariate analysis of patients with GBC who received radical resection showed SII independently predicted OS. The univariate analysis showed that the TNM stage, SII, CA19‐9, ALP, prealbumin, NLR, MLR, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type were all associated with overall survival. In time‐dependent ROC analysis, the area of the SII‐CA19‐9 under the ROC curve (AUC) was higher than that of the preoperative SII or CA19‐9 levels for the prediction of OS.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that high SII was a predictor of poor long‐term outcomes among patients with GBC undergoing curative surgery. SII‐CA19‐9 classification may be more effective in predicting the postoperative prognosis of GBC patients.
Is osseous reattachment of the greater trochanter necessary compared to soft‐tissue‐only abductor repair in proximal femoral megaprosthesis reconstruction?
Authors: Groundland John , Brown Jeffrey M. , Jones Kevin B. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the challenges to surgical reconstruction following oncologic proximal femur resection is reliable re‐establishment of the abductor mechanism. Surgical and functional outcomes following re‐approximation of the abductor mechanism to a metallic endoprosthetic after tumor resection of the proximal femur have not been well established in the literature.MethodsA retrospective review was performed, inclusive of patients who received a proximal femur replacement with a metallic endoprosthesis following tumor resection. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) those that received an abductor repair involving a trochanteric osteotomy and osseous fixation of the greater trochanter/abductor mechanism to the endoprosthesis, and (2) those that did not have a trochanteric osteotomy and therefore had an abductor repair consisting of only soft tissue reattachment to the endoprosthesis. The two groups were assessed for demographic characteristics, diagnosis, surgical outcomes including rates of complication and failure, radiographic evidence of trochanteric failure, and functional outcomes. Descriptive statistics, comparative statistics, and logistic regression analyses were performed to discern differences between the two study groups.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included in the analysis, 29 had abductor reconstructions involving reattachment of the greater trochanter to the metallic endoprosthesis and 24 had soft tissue reconstruction of the abductor mechanism without bony fixation. There were no differences between the two groups for demographic data, cancer diagnosis, follow up, or survivorship. Radiographic evidence of trochanteric dissociation from the endoprosthesis was observed in 45% of osteotomy cases. Only 10% of patients in the trochanter osteotomy group and 38% of the soft tissue only group were able to resume a normal, non‐Trendelenburg gait at final postoperative visit (p = .024). Need for an assistive ambulatory device was seen in 83% and 67% of the osteotomy and soft‐tissue‐only patients, respectively (p = .21).ConclusionRe‐establishing the abductor mechanism following proximal femur oncologic resection remains a challenge to orthopedic oncologists. Even when possible, salvage of the greater trochanter for reattachment to the endoprosthesis did not lead to improved function in this series, when compared to a similar cohort that received a soft‐tissue‐only abductor repair. Abductor mechanism reconstruction with a greater trochanteric osteotomy and subsequent fixation to the proximal femur endoprosthesis had a high rate of radiographic failure. Additionally, reattachment of the greater trochanter to the proximal femur endoprosthesis demonstrated no improvement in Trendelenburg gait or reliance on an assistive ambulatory device when compared to a soft‐tissue‐only abductor repair.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children Under 3 Years of Age
Authors: Rayasam Swathi , Johnson Romaine , Lenahan Danielle , Abijay Claire , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children under 3 years of age and to compare demographics, comorbidities, and polysomnographic characteristics of infants and toddlers with OSA.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWe examined children under 3 years of age who had polysomnogram between August 2012 and March 2020. Demographics, clinical, and polysomnographic parameters were compared in children age 0–1 versus 1–3 years and 0–2 versus 2–3 years and severe versus mild–moderate OSA. Univariate analysis was used to compare age groups; multiple logistic regression for predictors of severe OSA. Significance was set at P < .05.ResultsOf the 413 children, 267 (65%) were male and 131 (32%) obese. The population included Hispanic (41%), African American (28%), and Caucasian (25%) children. A total of 98.5% had OSA and 35% had severe OSA. Children under 1 year of age more commonly had gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (38% vs. 23%; P = .014); tonsillar hypertrophy was more common in children over 2 years of age (56% vs. 34%, P = .001). Down syndrome (odds ratio (OR): 3.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–8.68, P = .026) and tonsillar hypertrophy (OR: 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28–3.02, P = .002) were predictors of severe OSA.ConclusionChildren under 3 years of age with OSA are more likely to be male and have GERD. Down syndrome and tonsillar hypertrophy are predictors of severe OSA, and children with these conditions should be prioritized for polysomnography.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2603–E2608, 2021
Spontaneous succession on road verges—An effective approach with minimum effort
Authors: Janečková Petra , Řehounková Klára , Vítovcová Kamila , Šebelíková Lenka , Prach Karel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRoad verges represent new habitats providing an opportunity for enhancing biodiversity in human‐altered landscapes. However, it is common practice to plant trees or sow species‐poor seed mixtures regardless of their geographical origin. We assessed the effectiveness of spontaneous restoration to fulfil the requirements for both functions, the formation of vegetation cover to prevent erosion and native species‐rich vegetation, which may provide conservation benefits. We sampled 113 vegetation plots on road verges in the Czech Republic, central Europe. The sampling plots were 25 m2 in size and differed in age (1–42 years). We recorded surrounding landscape (land‐cover categories, landscape heterogeneity, and length of roads and railways in a 1‐km radius zone) and site factors (altitude, substrate texture, slope, aspect, and potential solar radiation) and analysed the data using multivariate methods. Species composition was significantly explained by successional age, altitude, substrate texture, and surrounding forest area. The total herb cover reached on average 30% already in the first 2 years, and later shrub and tree layers developed. Out of 320 identified vascular plant species, almost 5% (15 species) were endangered and 6% (19 species) were invasive aliens. Early successional stages were characterised by a high cover of insect‐pollinated species, which can serve as important food sources for insects. Despite some limitations (poor seed sources and inconvenient site conditions), our results showed that spontaneous succession could be used more often in the restoration of road verges because this approach may provide an alternative, cost‐effective solution of reasonable conservation value.
Soil water carrying capacity for vegetation
Authors: Guo Zhong‐Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonnative plantations can effectively conserve soil and water and improve the ecology and environment, but soil desiccation can occur and may become severe in forest and grass lands in water‐limited regions, leading to soil degradation, vegetation decline, and crop failure. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the changing relationship between plant growth and soil water. However, there is no universally accepted theory to provide guidance in the sustainable use of soil water resources, management of forests, and production of crops in such regions. The regulation of the relationship between plant growth and soil water in water‐limited regions can be expressed by the soil water resources use limit by plant (SWRULP) and soil water carrying capacity for vegetation (SWCCV) indexes. The SWCCV is the population in a plant population or density of indicator plants in a plant community when the soil water supply is equal to soil water consumption in the root zone at a given time, and changes with plant community type, location, and time. For example, the SWRULP in caragana shrubland is 222.8 and the SWCCV is 71 bushes per 100 m2 in the semiarid region. The degree of coverage, productivity, and benefits of a plant community when the population quantity of an indicator plant equals the SWCCV provides the theoretical basis for ensuring the sustainable use of soil water resources and sustainable development of forest land.