bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the use of ram and suction during prey capture by cichlid fishes
Authors: Wainwright Peter C. , Ferry-Graham Lara A. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Carroll Andrew M. , Hulsey C. Darrin , Grubich Justin R. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYWe characterized prey-capture strategies in seven species of cichlid fishes representing diverse trophic habits and anticipated feeding abilities. The species examined were Petenia splendida, Cichla ocellaris, Cichlasoma minckleyi, Astronotus ocellatus, Crenicichla geayi, Heros severus (formerly Cichlasoma severum) and Cyprichromis leptosoma. Three individuals per species were filmed with video at 500Hz as they captured live adult Artemia sp. and Poecilia reticulata. For each feeding sequence, we measured the contribution of predator movement towards the prey (i.e. ram) and the movement of prey towards the predator due to suction. The use of ram differed significantly among prey types and predator species, varying as much as sixfold across predator species. High values of ram resulted in high attack velocities. Jaw protrusion contributed as much as 50% to overall ram values in some species, verifying its role in enhancing attack velocity. Suction distance did not vary significantly among species. Diversity in prey-capture behavior was therefore found to reflect differences among species in the strategy used to approach prey. Limited variation in the distance from which prey were sucked into the mouth is interpreted as the result of an expected exponential decline in water velocity with distance from the mouth of the suction-feeding predator. We propose that this relationship represents a major constraint on the distance over which suction feeding is effective for all aquatic-feeding predators.
Metabolic power, mechanical power and efficiency during wind tunnel flight by the European starlingSturnus vulgaris
Authors: Ward S. , Möller U. , Rayner J. M. V. , Jackson D. M. , Bilo D. , Nachtigall W. , Speakman J. R. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYWe trained two starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to fly in a wind tunnel whilst wearing respirometry masks. We measured the metabolic power (Pmet) from the rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and calculated the mechanical power (Pmech) from two aerodynamic models using wingbeat kinematics measured by high-speed cinematography. Pmet increased from 10.4 to 14.9 W as flight speed was increased from 6.3 to 14.4 m s–1 and was compatible with the U-shaped power/speed curve predicted by the aerodynamic models. Flight muscle efficiency varied between 0.13 and 0.23 depending upon the bird, the flight speed and the aerodynamic model used to calculate Pmech. Pmet during flight is often estimated by extrapolation from the mechanical power predicted by aerodynamic models by dividing Pmech by a flight muscle efficiency of 0.23 and adding the costs of basal metabolism, circulation and respiration. This method would underestimate measured Pmet by 15–25 % in our birds. The mean discrepancy between measured and predicted Pmet could be reduced to 0.1±1.5 % if flight muscle efficiency was altered to a value of 0.18. A flight muscle efficiency of 0.18 rather than 0.23 should be used to calculate the flight costs of birds in the size range of starlings (approximately 0.1 kg) if Pmet is calculated from Pmech derived from aerodynamic models.
Juvenile-Hormone-Mediated Plasticity of Aggregation Behaviour and Olfactory Processing in Adult Desert Locusts
Authors: Ignell Rickard , Couillaud Franck , Anton Sylvia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria, aggregation behaviour is elicited by aggregation pheromones. In this study, we show that the behavioural response to the major and most potent adult aggregation pheromone component, phenylacetonitrile, is age- and juvenile-hormone-dependent. Furthermore, we show that juvenile hormone influences the responsiveness of olfactory interneurons in the antennal lobe to aggregation pheromone, whereas the responsiveness of antennal receptor neurons is not changed. Old locusts and locusts injected with juvenile hormone, in contrast to young locusts and locusts deprived of juvenile hormone through allatectomy, i.e. after surgical removal of the gland producing this hormone, do not display any aggregation behaviour, as indicated by long-term behavioural observations. The lack of positive olfactory-guided behaviour coincides with an impairment of the central olfactory system, which displays a lower number of neurons responding to aggregation pheromone. Indirect and direct actions of juvenile hormone at different levels of the central nervous system may thus contribute to the regulation and modulation of behavioural responsiveness in the locust.
Functional organisation of anterior thoracic stretch receptors in the deep-sea isopodBathynomus doederleini: behavioural, morphological and physiological studies
Authors: Iwasaki Masazumi , Ohata Ayako , Okada Yoshinori , Sekiguchi Hideo , Niida Akiyoshi 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYThe relationship between segmental mobility and the organisation of thoracic stretch receptors was examined in the deep-sea isopod Bathynomus doederleini, which shows a developed adaptive behaviour during digging. The movements of segments during digging were analysed from video recordings, which showed that a large excursion occurred in the anterior thoracic segments. Dye-fills of axons revealed four types of thoracic stretch receptor (TSR): an N-cell type (TSR-1), a differentiated N-cell type (TSR-2), a muscle receptor organ (MRO)-type with a long, single receptor muscle (TSR-3) and an MRO-type with a short, single receptor muscle (TSR-4 to TSR-7).Physiologically, TSR-1 and TSR-2 are tonic-type stretch receptors. TSR-3 to TSR-7 show two kinds of stretch-activated responses, a tonic response and a phasico-tonic response in which responses are maintained as long as the stretch stimulus is delivered. Both TSR-2, with a long muscle strand, and TSR-3, with a single, long receptor muscle, have a wide dynamic range in their stretch-activated response. In addition, TSR-2 is controlled by an intersegmental inhibitory reflex from TSR-3. These results suggest that, although TSR-1 has no receptor muscle and TSR-2 has a less-differentiated receptor-like muscle, they are fully functional position detectors of segmental movements, as are the MRO-type receptors TSR-3 to TSR-7.
Znaczenie Dunaju w europejskiej sieci dróg wodnych
Authors: Kastory Agnieszka Małgorzata 
Published: April 2021

The Role of the Danube River in the Trans-European Waterway Network
In the 20th century, the Danube Region was subject to numerous and far-reaching political transformations, which had a negative impact on the expansion of the Danube waterway transport, affected mainly by political, economical and military crises that took place in the 1990s. Nowadays, only 9% of all river cargo is shipped via the Danube River. The European Union makes an effort to increase this number up to 30%, and to ensure the river’s permanent inclusion in the Trans-European Transport Network, with an ongoing process of adjusting the Danube shipping law to the regulations applicable to other European rivers. Nonetheless, the implementation of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region has little effect on the transportation growth in the Danube Basin so far – due to insufficient support from the European Union, the Danubian countries’ unwillingness to carry out expensive investments, and difficulties related to the process of redirecting the existing trade routes.
Unia Europejska a zapomniany konflikt o Naddniestrze
Authors: Koszel Bogdan 
Published: April 2021

The European Union and the Forgotten Conflict over Transnistria
The European Community/European Union was not formally involved in the resolution of the Transnistria conflict. It was believed that success would be possible with the help of an OSCE mission with active Russian participation. The EU considers the rebellious Transnistria as an integral part of Moldova. It sought to support its pro-Western course through the PCA and the Association Agreement. Moldova’s lack of prospects for EU membership and strong Russian influence in the country perpetuate existing divisions. In Europe, hardly anyone remembers the frozen conflict over Transnistria. After a brief period of armed struggle in the early 1990s, it did not accumulate any more international tension and attracted no more attention from the international public opinion.
Vertical transmission of chikungunya virus: A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Fátima Cristiane Pinho de Almeida Di Maio , da Silva Anamaria Szrajbman Vaz , Recht Judith , Guaraldo Lusiele , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , de Siqueira André Machado , Gerardin Patrick , Brasil Patrícia 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo describe and estimate the frequency of pregnancy outcomes, clinical and laboratory characteristics of vertical transmission of CHIKV in the neonate.Study designWe performed a systematic review evaluating the clinical presentation of perinatally-acquired CHIKV infection in neonates. The search was performed using Medline (via PubMed), LILACS, Web of Science, Scielo, Google Scholar and Open grey to identify studies assessing vertical transmission of CHIKV up to November 3, 2020. There were no search restrictions regarding the study type, the publication date or language. Studies with no documented evidence of CHIKV infection in neonates (negative RT-PCR or absence of IgM) were excluded.ResultsFrom the 227 studies initially identified, 42 were selected as follows: 28 case reports, 7 case series, 2 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohort studies, for a total of 266 CHIKV infected neonates confirmed by serological and/or molecular tests. The vertical transmission rate was 50% in the Reunion Island outbreak, which was the subject of the majority of the studies; the premature delivery were reported in 19 (45.2%) studies; the rate of fetal distress was 19.6% of infected babies and fetal loss occurred in 2% of the cases. Approximately 68.7% of newborns were diagnosed with encephalopathy or encephalitis after perinatally acquired CHIKV. Most of the infected neonates were born healthy, developing CHIKV sepsis clinical syndrome within the first week of life.ConclusionsWe alert neonatologists to the late manifestations of neonatal CHIKV infection, relevant to the management and reduction of morbidity. A limitation of our review was that it was not possible to carry out meta-analysis due to differences in study design and the small number of participants.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Kenyan healthcare workers regarding pediatric discharge from hospital
Authors: Paul Shadae , Tickell Kirkby D. , Ojee Ednah , Oduol Chris , Martin Sarah , Singa Benson , Ickes Scott , Denno Donna M. 
Published: April 2021

Objective
To assess attitudes, perceptions, and practices of healthcare workers regarding hospital discharge and follow-up care for children under age five in Migori and Homa Bay, Kenya.

Methods
This mixed-methods study included surveys and semi-structured telephone interviews with healthcare workers delivering inpatient pediatric care at eight hospitals between November 2017 and December 2018.

Results
The survey was completed by 111 (85%) eligible HCWs. Ninety-seven of the surveyed HCWs were invited for interviews and 39 (40%) participated. Discharge tasks were reported to be “very important” to patient outcomes by over 80% of respondents, but only 37 (33%) perceived their hospital to deliver this care “very well” and 23 (21%) believed their facility provides sufficient resources for its provision. The vast majority (97%) of participants underestimated the risk of pediatric post-discharge mortality. Inadequate training, understaffing, stock-outs of take-home therapeutics, and user fees were commonly reported health systems barriers to adequate discharge care while poverty was seen as limiting caregiver adherence to discharge and follow-up care. Respondents endorsed the importance of follow-up care, but reported supportive mechanisms to be lacking. They requested enhanced guidelines on discharge and follow-up care.

Conclusion
Kenyan healthcare workers substantially underestimated the risk of pediatric post-discharge mortality. Pre- and in-service training should incorporate instruction on discharge and follow-up care. Improved post-discharge deaths tracking–e.g., through vital registry systems, child mortality surveillance studies, and community health worker feedback loops–is needed, alongside dissemination which could leverage platforms such as routine hospital-based mortality reports. Finally, further interventional trials are needed to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of novel packages to improve discharge and follow-up care.
Prevalence assessment of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women visiting an antenatal care center of Nepal: Pilot of the World Health Organization’s standard protocol for conducting STI prevalence surveys among pregnant women
Authors: Dev Rubee , Adhikari Shambhu P. , Dongol Anjana , Madhup Surendra K. , Pradhan Pooja , Shakya Sunila , Shrestha Shrinkhala , Maskey Sneha , Taylor Melanie M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common during pregnancy and can result in adverse delivery and birth outcomes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of STIs; Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among pregnant women visiting an antenatal care center in Nepal.

Materials and methods
We adapted and piloted the WHO standard protocol for conducting a prevalence survey of STIs among pregnant women visiting antenatal care center of Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Patient recruitment, data collection, and specimen testing took place between November 2019-March 2020. First catch urine sample was collected from each eligible woman. GeneXpert platform was used for CT and NG testing. Wet-mount microscopy of urine sample was used for detection of trichomoniasis. Serological test for HIV was done by rapid and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Serological test for syphilis was done using “nonspecific non-treponemal” and “specific treponemal” antibody tests. Tests for CT, NG and trichomoniasis were done as part of the prevalence study while tests for syphilis and HIV were done as part of the routine antenatal testing.

Results
672 women were approached to participate in the study, out of which 591 (87.9%) met the eligibility criteria and consented to participate. The overall prevalence of any STIs was 8.6% (51/591, 95% CI: 6.3–10.8); 1.5% (95% CI: 0.5–2.5) for CT and 7.1% (95% CI: 5.0–9.2) for trichomoniasis infection. None of the samples tested positive for NG, HIV or syphilis. Prevalence of any STI was not significantly different among women, age ≤ 24 years (10%, 25/229) compared to women age ≥25 years (7.1%, 26/362) (p = 0.08).

Conclusions
The prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women in this sub-urban population of Nepal was high compared to few cases of CT and no cases of NG, syphilis, and HIV. The WHO standard protocol provided a valuable framework for conducting STI surveillance that can be adapted for other countries and populations.
Proteinuria changes in kidney disease patients with clinical remission during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tsuboi Nobuo , Sasaki Takaya , Kashihara Naoki , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds
Data on how lifestyle changes due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have influenced the clinical features of kidney disease patients remain scarce.

Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed clinical variables in patients with stage G1–G4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) with complete or incomplete remission of proteinuria, who were managed in a nephrology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Tokyo. The clinical variables during the COVID-19 pandemic (term 1, June–July 2020) were compared to those one year before the pandemic (term 0, June–July 2019). The urinary protein excretion (UPE) was used as the primary outcome measure.

Results
This study included 325 patients with stage G1–G4 CKD (mean age 58.5 years old, 37.5% female, 80.6% on renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors [RAASis], 12.0% on maintenance dose immunosuppression therapy) evaluated at term 0. The UPE at terms 0 and 1 was 247 (92–624) and 203 (84–508) mg/day [median (25th–75th percentile)], respectively; the value in term 1 was 18% lower than that in term 0 (p<0.001), with no marked difference in body weight, blood pressure, protein intake or urinary salt excretion. In multivariable analyses, incomplete remission of proteinuria in term 0 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70, p = <0.001), RAASi use (OR = 2.09, p = 0.02) and decreased urinary salt excretion in term 1 vs. term 0 (OR = 1.94, p = 0.002) were identified as independent variables associated with reduced UPE in term 1 vs. term 0. No significant interactions between the variables were observed.

Conclusion
In kidney disease patients receiving standard medical care from nephrologists, the UPE after the emergency declaration in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than before the declaration. The UPE reduction may be associated with reduced dietary salt intake during the pandemic in patients treated with RAASi for insufficient control of proteinuria. Our results support the current proposal to continue therapeutic approaches to these patients, which involve RAASi therapy along with optimizing dietary habits, even while dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
LUGARES-CONVERGENTES DE RELIGIOSIDADE POPULAR: USOS, DES-USOS E ABUSOS DAS GEOSSACRALIDADES NOS SERTÕES CEARENSES.
Authors: Pontes Emilio Tarlis Mendes 
Published: April 2021

Os cultos e preceitos religiosos de tradições cristãs/católicas nos sertões nordestinos entremeiam uma miscelânea de aspectos socioculturais que perpassam a herança dogmática heteronômica eclesial romana, abrangendo em sua práxis elementos afros, ameríndios, europeus, mouros e asiáticos. Os lugares comunitários onde ocorrem as manifestações podem ser tanto igrejas, santuários e/ou marcos arquitetados e institucionalizados pela Igreja Católica quanto uma pluralidade de geossímbolos aqui denominados de lugares-convergentes de religiosidade popular, cujo processo de formação sincrético-religioso nos sertões está prenhe de geossacralidades. O presente artigo objetiva analisar os usos, des-usos e abusos de práticas religiosas marcantes na cultura nordestina no tocante às contemporâneas formas de manipulação das massas, geradoras de espaços-mundos que se perpetuam como manutenção do poder através do iletramento religioso e associadas a questões de ordem política, visam a permanência de determinados núcleos de poder nos sertões.
POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E INDÚSTRIA EM MINAS GERAIS: ANÁLISE DOS DISTRITOS INDUSTRIAIS DE UBERABA-MG
Authors: Matushima Marcos Kazuo , Sousa Thiago de Jesus 
Published: April 2021

O município de Uberaba tem se destacado como polo industrial do interior do estado de Minas Gerais, apresentando um crescimento industrial importante a partir da década de 1970, com a expansão da fronteira agrícola e do processo de desconcentração industrial que ocorreu no Brasil. Neste artigo, será analisado esse modelo de industrialização, que através de incentivos fiscais e da oferta de infraestrutura e terrenos atraíram diversas empresas e indústrias para o município, o que gerou diversos impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais. O município de Uberaba conta hoje com três distritos industriais em atividade e um quarto distrito em implantação. Cada um dos distritos conta com empresas de vários segmentos de atividades industriais, como químico, alimentício, metalúrgico, moveleiro, etc., destacando-se as indústrias ligadas a produção de fertilizantes e insumos agrícolas, que se começaram a se instalar no final da década de 1970, tornando atualmente o município um dos principais polos de produção de fertilizantes químicos do país.
Epicurus on Justice ‘In Itself’ (καθ᾽ ἑαυτό) (Kuria Doxa33)
Authors: Robitzsch Jan Maximilian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is a commentary on Epicurus’Kuria Doxa(KD) 33, according to which “justice is not anything in itself [τι καθ᾽ ἑαυτό].” It explores what it means for something to exist ‘in itself’ in Hellenistic philosophy, speculating on the sources of Epicurean technical vocabulary and suggesting an ontological reading of KD 33.
Duodenal adenocarcinoma with skin metastasis as initial manifestation: A case report
Authors: Fu Yixiao , Zheng Cuiping , Huang Jian , Wu Shenghao , Dai Yanyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) with skin metastasis as initial manifestation is clinically rare. In this study, we report a rare case of skin metastasis of DA.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old male patient developed multiple ecchymoses on the trunk and lower extremities. Physical examination showed that the ecchymosis was dark red and had a hard texture, but showed no bulging, rupture, or tenderness. The skin biopsy implied skin metastatic adenocarcinoma. After an endoscopic duodenal biopsy, the patient was finally diagnosed with DA with skin metastasis. The patient received two courses of oral treatment of Tegafur (40 mg, bid d1–d14). However, the patient stopped taking Tegafur because of its poor effect and received Chinese medicine as a replacement treatment. Unfortunately, he was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions
Early diagnosis of DA metastasis is of significant importance as prognosis of these patients is poor.
Neue mittel- und spätbyzantinische Inschriften aus Bithynien
Authors: Adak Mustafa , Nowakowski Paweł 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents a collection of seventeen previously unpublished inscriptions on stone and small objects from Bithynia. The majority of them belong to the middle Byzantine period and comes from the area of Nikaia and Nikomedeia. First of all, the inscription from a boundary stone of a monastery of Theotokos near Niketiaton is discussed, in which the bridge of a certain Eustathios and the monastery of Johannes Kranbas are mentioned. The building inscription of a refectory attests to the existence of a splendid monastic complex near Kanlıçay, to the east of the Sangarios River. The inscription from a column offered by Leon lists several saints. In addition to clerics and monks, the funerary inscriptions also mention one Basil who came from the Diocese of Ikonion. This is followed by an epigraphical attestation of the koinonikon σῶμα Χριστοῦ (an Easter hymn), a fragment of an inscription mentioning the city of Joannina, a reliquary cross of Saint Damian, and two processional or blessing crosses. A clay seal with the monogram probably of a certain Photios closes the collection.
Rituali di corte. Il Triclinio dei XIX Letti del Grande Palazzo di Costantinopoli
Authors: Baldini Isabella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present contribution aims at reviewing the available data on the Triclinium of the Nineteen couches. It is divided into three parts: the first is intended to overview the information that Byzantine authors have handed down to us about this great banquet hall; the second aims at proposing reconstructive hypotheses about its dimensions and architecture, as well as to investigate the material aspects related to the organisation of the banquet in late antiquity; the third part deals with the ceremonial functions that were performed in it. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the Triclinium was probably not a huge hall with nine apses on each side, but a rectangular hall with a final apse and akkoubita arranged along the perimeter walls. In terms of ritual, the Triclinium must have continued to be in use throughout the early Middle Ages, with a particular revival in the 10th century.