bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barries in precision medicine implementation among Advanced Nonsquamous Cell Lung Cancer-patients: A Real-World-Evidence Scenario
Authors: Duarte Flávia A. , Ferreira Carlos Gil , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Ferrari Bruno L. , Silva Matheus Costa e , Junior Pedro Narazeth A. , Salle Paulo Guilherme O. , Diniz Paulo Henrique C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Precision oncology has a prominent role in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC) treatment progress. This study aimed to investigate not-cost-related factors involved in the use of the molecular profile in clinical practice and the influence of its availability on clinical decisions.
METHODS

nsNSCLC patients who underwent molecular testing in a private referral Brazilian center were identified. The primary endpoint was the interval from the diagnosis of advanced nsNSCLC to the characterization of the molecular profile. Other outcomes, focusing on the biomarker tissue journey, were also assessed, as well as the choice of therapy and changes in the treatment upon the testing results.
RESULTS

In this cohort (n = 78), the median time between the advanced nsNSCLC diagnosis and biomarker characterization was 40.5 days (range, 29.5–68.5). The median interval between the diagnosis and the test request was longer than the interval between the request and the results (respectively 29.0 versus 12.0 days; p < 0.001). At the treatment initiation, 51% (36/71) of the patients did not have their full driver mutations panel results available. Of these, 42% (15/36) had a targetable alteration identified later on. Among patients harboring a targetable alteration, only 46% (n = 13/28) received a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as first-line therapy. The median time to the TKI initiation was even longer than the median time to all treatment initiation (92.0 versus 40.0 days).
CONCLUSIONS

Our data show a long median time from advanced nsNSCLC diagnosis and the availability of the biomarker testing in medical practice, which impacted the choice of a non-personalized therapy as the first-line and the necessity of treatment changes after the final report.
AI-based Atomic Force Microscopy Image Analysis Allows to Predict Electrochemical Impedance Spectra of Defects in Tethered Bilayer Membranes
Authors: Raila Tomas , Penkauskas Tadas , Ambrulevičius Filipas , Jankunec Marija , Meskauskas Tadas , Valincius Gintaras 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analysis of supported bilayers, such as tethered bilayer membranes (tBLMs) can reveal the nature of the membrane damage by pore-forming proteins and predict the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) response of such objects. However, automated analysis involving pore detection in such images is often non-trivial and can require AI-based object detection techniques. The specific object-detection algorithm we used to determine the defect coordinates in real AFM images was a convolutional neural network (CNN). Defect coordinates allow to predict the EIS response of tBLMs populated by the pore-forming toxins using finite element analysis (FEA) modeling. We tested if the accuracy of the CNN algorithm affected the EIS spectral features sensitive to defect densities and other physical parameters of tBLMs. We found that the EIS spectra can be predicted sufficiently well, however, systematic errors of characteristic spectral points were observed and need to be taken into account. Importantly, the comparison of predicted EIS curves with experimental ones allowed to estimate important physical parameters of tBLMs such as the specific resistance of submembrane reservoir. This reservoir separates phospholipid bilayer from the solid support. We found that the specific resistance of the reservoir amounts to 10 4.25±0.10 Ω · cm which is approximately two orders of a magnitude higher compared to the specific resistance of the buffer bathing tBLMs studied in this work. We hypothesize that such effect may be related in part due to decreased concentration of ionic carriers in the submembrane due to decreased relative dielectric permittivity in this region.
Characterizing the Urban Diet: Development of an urbanized diet index
Authors: Cyr-Scully Ali , Howard Annie Green , Sanzone Erin , Meyer Katie A , Du Shufa , Zhang Bing , Wang Huijun , Gordon-Larsen Penny 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent decades China has experienced rapid urbanization leading to a major nutrition transition, with increased refined carbohydrates, added sweeteners, edible oils, and animal-source foods, and reduced legumes, vegetables, and fruits. These changes have accompanied increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). There is no single dietary measure that summarizes the distinct food changes across regions and levels of urbanization.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a diet urbanization index that would represent a dietary pattern for urbanized diet across diverse regions. MethodsUsing a sample of adults (≥18 years) in the 2015 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS; n = 14,024), we selected literature-based candidate dietary variables and tested their univariate associations with overall and within-region urbanization. Using iterative exclusion of select diet-related variables, we created six potential urbanized diet indices, which we examined relative to overall urbanization to select a final urbanized diet index based on a priori considerations, strength of association with urbanization, and minimal missingness. We tested stability of the final urbanized diet index across sociodemographic factors and used mixed effects logistic regression models to examine associations between the final urbanized diet index and CMD risk factors – hypertension (HTN), overweight, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), adjusting for sociodemographics, overall urbanization, physical activity, and including random intercepts to account for correlation at community and household level.ResultsWe identified a final urbanized diet index that captured dietary information unique to consumption of an urbanized diet and performed well across regions. We found a positive association (R2 = 0.17, 0.01 SE) between the final urbanized diet index and overall urbanization in the fully adjusted model. We found no associations between the urbanized diet index with HTN, overweight, and T2DM in fully adjusted models (OR (95% CI) = 0.94 (0.89-1.0), 1.0 (0.95 - 1.05), 1.02 (0.94 - 1.10), respectively).Conclusions We derived an urbanized diet index that captured dietary urbanization that was distinct from overall urbanization and performed well across all regions of China. This urbanized diet index provides an alternative to measures of traditional versus Westernized diet that vary across regions due to different cultural dietary traditions.
“I Tried to Get Help About my Addiction but he Just gave me Tablets:” Male Aboriginal Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Clients’ Experiences and Preferences Speaking about Substance use in Primary Care
Authors: Farnbach Sara , Fernando Jamie , Coyte Joe , Simms Matthew , Hackett Maree 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Primary healthcare (PHC) services are crucial in supporting people with substance use problems. The aims of this study were to explore Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) males in treatment for substance use problems experiences about speaking about their substance use with PHC staff, and their preferences for accessing PHC about their substance use.MethodsSemi-structured interviews with residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation treatment service clients. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes inductively and deductively. Two interviews were independently double coded by an Aboriginal researcher and the project was supported by an Aboriginal Advisory Group.ResultsTwenty male adults who self-identified as Aboriginal participated (mean age 27 years). Half reported visiting PHC and talking about their substance use before their residential service stay. Two major themes developed: (1) asking for help for substance use or mental health problems linked with substance use, (2) ways to improve access to PHC about substance use. Although some males were offered treatment, some were not, and others had concerns about the treatments offered. ConclusionThis research highlights opportunities to improve access and to better support Aboriginal males with substance use problems in PHC. Focus on culturally appropriate PHC and providing staff with training around substance use and treatment options may improve access. It is important to foster culturally appropriate services, develop PHC staff knowledge around substance use, focus on therapeutic relationships and have a range of treatment options available that can be tailored to individual circumstances.
A comparative study on surface topography and micro hardness of laser polished hardened AISI D2 tool steel
Authors: Liu Zuofa , Zhou Jie , Wang Hang , Wang Qiuyun , Liang Qiang , Li Yongliang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, a laser polishing-hardening (LPH) method with integration and high efficiency for the treatment of AISI D2 tool steel was proposed, and the effects of laser hardening (LH), laser polishing (LP) and LPH treatments on the surface topography and microhardness were examined. The results show that LH method had a negligible effect on the surface roughness of the treated sample, while the surface roughness Ra of LP and LPH specimens was reduced by 74.6% and 80.9% respectively, indicating that the milled surface topography had been significantly improved, especially LPH was more effective in reducing the roughness. Besides, the polishing efficiency of LPH was 10 times that of LP approach. In terms of hardness improvement, the near-surface microhardness of LH and LPH samples increased by 1.5 times and 1.3 times respectively, and the effective hardened zone (EHZ) depth was 0.42 mm and 0.24 mm respectively, demonstrating that these two laser processing methods had a beneficial effect on the cross-section microhardness of D2 tool steel, while the increase of LP on the microhardness was insignificant. The comprehensive analysis of the surface morphology and microhardness of LPH specimen indicates that LPH was a feasible laser surface treatment method for D2 tool steel. On the premise of ensuring a high surface finish, the polishing efficiency can be remarkably improved, the subsurface microhardness and EHZ depth of processed specimen can be also significantly enhanced, which provided a feasible idea for the application of laser surface treatment technology in industrial mold production.
The integrated nuclear medicine and radiology residency program in the Netherlands: strengths and potential areas for improvement according to nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists.
Authors: Velleman Ton , Kwee Thomas C. , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Ongena Yfke P , Noordzij Walter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the Dutch integrated nuclear medicine and radiology residency program from the perspective of nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists.
Methods

A survey was distributed among nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists in hospitals that participate in the Dutch integrated nuclear medicine and radiology training program.
Results

A total of 139 completed questionnaires were included. Nuclear medicine physicians (n = 36) assigned a mean score of 5.7 ± 2.0, and radiologists (n = 103) assigned a mean score of 6.5 ± 2.8 (on a 1–10 scale) to the success of the integrated training program in their hospital. On multiple regression, female gender of the survey participant (B = 2.22, P = 0.034), musculoskeletal radiology as subspecialty of the survey participant (B = 3.36, P = 0.032), and the survey participant’s expectancy of resident’s ability to handle workload after completion of residency, were significantly associated with perceived success of the integrated training program (B = 1.16, P = 0.023). Perceived strengths of the integrated training program included: broadening of expertise, a better preparation of future imaging specialists for hybrid imaging, increased efficiency in training residents, and increased efficiency in multidisciplinary meetings. Perceived weaknesses of the integrated training program included: reduced exposure to nuclear medicine, less time for research and innovation, and concerns about its international recognition.
Conclusion

This study provided insights into the experiences of nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists with the Dutch integrated nuclear medicine and radiology residency program, which may be helpful to improve the program and similar residency programs in other countries.
Comparative Assessment of Crystallographic Phase Stability of Anatase and Rutile TiO2 at Dynamic Shock Wave Loaded Conditions
Authors: Sivakumar A , Kalaiarasi K , Dhas S.Sahaya Jude , Sivaprakash P. , Arumugam S. , Jose M. , Dhas Martin Britto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present research article, authors have experimentally evaluated the shock wave resistant properties of technologically potential materials of the anatase and the rutile phase TiO2 nanoparticles at the dynamic shock wave loaded conditions. The shock wave resistant behavior has been quantitatively drawn utilizing the crystallographic phase stability of the test samples for which the required crystallographic information has been extracted from the powder XRD patterns. Based on our observed experimental results as well as the respective interpretations, it is strongly authenticated that Rutile TiO2 NPs are suitable candidates for aerospace and defense industrial applications of materials fabrications because of the outstanding shock resistant properties than that of Anatase TiO2 NPs which undergo the crystallographic phase transition of rutile-TiO2 at shocked conditions.
Occult Nodal Metastasis Defined by PET-CT Identifies a Unique Clinical Subtype of Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Deng Jiajun , Zhong Yifan , Wang Tingting , Yang Minglei , Ma Minjie , Song Yongxiang , She Yunlang , Chen Chang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the surgical prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with occult lymph node metastasis (ONM) defined by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).MethodsA total of 3537 NSCLC patients receiving surgical resection were included in this study. The prognosis between patients with ONM and evident nodal metastasis, ONM patients with and without adjuvant therapy were compared, respectively.ResultsONM was associated with significantly better prognosis than evident nodal metastasis whether for patients with N1 (5-year OS: 56.8% versus 52.3%, adjusted p value=0.267; 5-year RFS: 44.7% versus 33.2%, adjusted p value=0.031) or N2 metastasis (5-year OS: 42.8% versus 32.3%, adjusted p value=0.010; 5-year RFS: 31.3% versus 21.6%, adjusted p value=0.025). In ONM population, patients receiving adjuvant therapy yielded better prognosis comparing to those without adjuvant therapy (5-year OS: 50.1% versus 33.5%, adjusted p value<0.001; 5-year RFS: 38.4% versus 22.1%, adjusted p value<0.001). Conclusions﻿ONM defined by PET-CT identifies a unique clinical subtype of lung cancer, ONM is a favorable prognostic factor whether for pathological N1 or N2 NSCLC and adjuvant therapy could provide additional survival benefits for ONM patients.
Morphological and Functional Assessment of Meibomian Glands in Keratoconus
Authors: Uçakhan Ömür Ö , Özcan Gökçen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the morphology and function of the meibomian glands (MG) in keratoconus patients.Methods: One hundred eyes of 100 keratoconus patients and 100 eyes of 100 age-matched healthy subjects were included into this study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, non-invasive break up time (NIBUT), meibography findings, fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test were recorded in all patient eyes and were compared with controls.Results: The mean TBUT and NIBUT were significantly lower, corneal staining and OSDI scores were statistically higher in the keratoconus group (p<0.05). The mean meiboscore, partial gland, gland dropout and gland thickening scores of the upper and lower eyelids were significantly higher in keratoconus patients compared to controls (p<0.05). The NIBUT measurements significantly correlated with MG loss in both upper and lower eyelids (p<0.05). The severity of keratoconus seemed to correlate with meiboscore, partial gland, gland thickening scores in both upper and lower eyelids. Conclusion: Our data suggest that corneal ectasia in keratoconus is associated with alterations in ocular surface, tear film function and MG morphology. Early screening and treatment of MG dysfunction may improve ocular surface quality and allow better disease management in keratoconus patients.
The Role of Institutional Quality in Health Expenditure-Labour Force Participation Nexus in Africa
Authors: Opeloyeru Olaide Sekinat , Faronbi Temitope Olanike , Raifu Isiaka Akande 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the role of institutional quality in the relationship between health expenditure and labour force participation (LFP) in Africa, taking into consideration two forms of health expenditures (government health expenditure (GHE) and out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPHE)) and gender labour force participation dichotomy. We employed data of 39 African countries for the period between 2000 and 2018 using Panel Fixed Effects with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and two-stage System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The results revealed that government health expenditure yields an increasing effect on total, female, and male LFP. OOPHE, in most cases, leads to a decline in LFP. The institutional quality was found to be detrimental to LFP. The magnitude of the positive effect of government health expenditure on LFP is reduced by the interaction of institutional quality with government expenditure. In conclusion, we advocate for the improvement in institutional apparatuses across African countries. JEI CODE: E62; H51; J21; O43
The evolution of COVID-19 pandemic wave and optimal levels of vaccination to reduce negative effects in society
Authors: Coccia Mario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a pandemic threat with new mutations of the viral agent (SARS-CoV 2) that are generating a constant state of attention in manifold countries. Innovative drugs, such as vaccines can sustain, as far as possible, immunity of people and decrease negative effects in society. The study here, using data of vaccines and confirmed cases of COVID-19 between countries from March to May 2021, clarifies different optimal levels of vaccination associated with the growth of pandemic wave for reducing infected individuals in society. Findings reveal that a vaccination campaign in the initial phase of pandemic wave has a lower optimal level of doses administered per 100 inhabitants, but the growth of pandemic wave moves up the optimal level of vaccines from 58.5 in March to more than 86 doses per 100 people in May 2021. This study suggests that the optimal strategy and response to pandemic crisis is a rapid vaccination rollout, before the takeoff of pandemic wave, for an effective response to reduce numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths and negative effects of pandemic crisis on environment and socioeconomic systems.
Advancing on the promises of techno-ecological nature-based solutions: A framework for green technology in water supply and treatment
Authors: Blackburn Emma A. J. , Emelko Monica B. , Dickson-Anderson Sarah , Stone Micheal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly proposed for effectively and adaptively addressing societal challenges such as water security and natural disasters. However, NBS that are exclusively reliant on natural processes are not fit-for-purpose for the provision of safe drinking water – some range of built technology is required. There is a wide spectrum of techno-ecological NBS – ‘green technologies’ – that are fit-for-purpose in the treatment and distribution of safe drinking water. A framework was developed to enable an accurate and transparent description of the ‘green’ attributes of technology – including green infrastructure – in the water industry. The framework differentiates technology ‘greenness’ by relatively examining key attributes that may cause environmental impacts across the technology's life cycle through the lens of the environmental setting in which it is applied. In the water industry, green technology can be described by four main attributes: natural-resource basis, energy consumption, waste production, and footprint. These attributes are closely linked and must be considered relative to the biophysical and human environments in which they are applied and the other technologies to which they are being compared. The use of the framework can facilitate techno-ecological decision-making that strives to address diverse stakeholder priorities – including the influence of sociocultural factors on the green technology preferences of individuals, groups, or communities.
Trends in global greywater reuse: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pinto Gustavo Oliveira , da Silva Junior Luis Carlos Soares , Assad Daniel Bouzon Nagem , Pereira Samira Herculano , Mello Luiz Carlos Brasil de Brito 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The increase in water demand in recent years led to the expansion of research and public policies on the reuse of water, especially greywater (GW). Given the diversity of research in the area, this paper proposes an analysis of the evolution of the area through an objectivity metric. Metadata of 1,524 publications indexed in the Scopus database between 1974 and 2021 were analyzed using the VOSviewer tool, and showed exponential growth in publications from 2013. Six different spelling variations were found for GW in the database. Despite the highly geographical scattering of academic production, developed countries, who began researching greywater earlier, had more connections and published more papers; except for Israel, which had the highest average of citations per article. While developed countries lead the research area, developing countries are emerging in GW reuse research. These aspects reveal both the dispersion of the research structure development and a trend of intellectual production in GW from developed to developing countries. Also, we noted that countries suffering from water scarcity stood out with the highest activity in paper publishing. Thus, we expect that future research on GW reuse will take place in developing countries that face water scarcity.