bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling Relationship Between the Wavelength of Longitudinal Ridges and the Thickness of Long Runout Landslides on the Moon
Authors: Magnarini G. , Mitchell T. M. , Grindrod P. M. , Schmitt H. H. , Petro N. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe formation mechanism of longitudinal ridges in long runout landslides has been proposed to require ice and/or clay minerals, as low friction materials would allow the spreading of the deposit, causing the development of longitudinal ridges by tensile deformation of the slide. The necessity of ice in the formation of longitudinal ridges has been challenged by the finding that the wavelength of longitudinal ridges is 2–3 times the thickness of the deposit in both ice‐free laboratory experiments on rapid granular flows and in a martian and terrestrial long runout landslide, suggesting a scale‐ and environment‐independent mechanism. We conduct morphometric analysis of the longitudinal ridges in two landslides on the Moon, considered ice‐free throughout its geological history: the Tsiolkovskiy crater landslide, and the Light Mantle avalanche in Taurus‐Littrow Valley. We show that Tsiolkovskiy crater landslide exhibits a scaling relationship between the wavelength of its longitudinal ridges and the thickness of its deposit that is consistent with previous studies, supporting the idea that ice is not a necessary condition for the development of longitudinal ridges. As the Tsiolkovskiy crater landslide is laterally confined, it demonstrates that neither the development of longitudinal ridges nor the occurrence of the scaling relationship between the wavelength of the ridges and the thickness of the deposit depend on the lateral spreading of the deposit. Finally, we use the Light Mantle to test the use of the scaling relationship as a tool to estimate the thickness of the deposit when classical geomorphological methods are not applicable.
A Multi‐Phase Heat Transfer Model for Water Infiltration Into Frozen Soil
Authors: Heinze T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn many regions, water infiltration into frozen soil is a critical process. Frozen soil is known to have a substantially reduced infiltration capacity, resulting in surface water runoff. This surface runoff is often associated with erosive behavior posing a potential natural hazard as it facilitates snow avalanches and debris flow, especially in springtime when rainfall and snowmelt coincide. As infiltration capacity depends on the ice content within the porous soil, thermal and hydraulic processes are strongly coupled. The involved phases during water infiltration into frozen soil are initially not in a local thermal equilibrium as the infiltrated water is warmer than the frozen soil. The duration of the temperature differences is yet to be determined. To adequately describe this thermal state, a local thermal non‐equilibrium (LTNE) model needs to be applied, which accounts for separate phase temperatures and describes the heat transfer between the phases explicitly. While LTNE models are common in more simple setups of saturated porous media flow, in this work, a multi‐phase LTNE model for water infiltration into a partly saturated, frozen soil is presented. All required parameters, such as heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient are discussed and derived based on a capillary tube model. The theoretical model is implemented into a numerical model and compared to experimental data available from literature. Substantial differences of up to C between phase temperatures during freezing and melting are observed after hours of infiltration and are especially pronounced around the freezing front.
Reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in Plcb1 +/− mice
Authors: Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Martín-García Elena , Gallego-Roman Ana , Maldonado Rafael , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Cormand Bru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCocaine addiction causes serious health problems, and no effective treatment is available yet. We previously identified a genetic risk variant for cocaine addiction in the PLCB1 gene and found this gene upregulated in postmortem brains of cocaine abusers and in human dopaminergic neuron-like cells after an acute cocaine exposure. Here, we functionally tested the contribution of the PLCB1 gene to cocaine addictive properties using Plcb1+/− mice. First, we performed a general phenotypic characterization and found that Plcb1+/− mice showed normal behavior, although they had increased anxiety and impaired short-term memory. Subsequently, mice were trained for operant conditioning, self-administered cocaine for 10 days, and were tested for cocaine motivation. After extinction, we found a reduction in the cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in Plcb1+/− mice. After reinstatement, we identified transcriptomic alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex of Plcb1+/− mice, mostly related to pathways relevant to addiction like the dopaminergic synapse and long-term potentiation. To conclude, we found that heterozygous deletion of the Plcb1 gene decreases cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking, pointing at PLCB1 as a possible therapeutic target for preventing relapse and treating cocaine addiction.
Sex-specific effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on lifespan cognitive functioning in healthy individuals
Authors: Koch Elise , Nyberg Lars , Lundquist Anders , Pudas Sara , Adolfsson Rolf , Kauppi Karolina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract﻿Polygenic risk for schizophrenia has been associated with lower cognitive ability and age-related cognitive change in healthy individuals. Despite well-established neuropsychological sex differences in schizophrenia patients, genetic studies on sex differences in schizophrenia in relation to cognitive phenotypes are scarce. Here, we investigated whether the effect of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia on childhood, midlife, and late-life cognitive function in healthy individuals is modified by sex, and if PRS is linked to accelerated cognitive decline. Using a longitudinal data set from healthy individuals aged 25–100 years (N = 1459) spanning a 25-year period, we found that PRS was associated with lower cognitive ability (episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability), but not with accelerated cognitive decline. A significant interaction effect between sex and PRS was seen on cognitive task performance, and sex-stratified analyses showed that the effect of PRS was male-specific. In a sub-sample, we observed a male-specific effect of the PRS on school performance at age 12 (N = 496). Our findings of sex-specific effects of schizophrenia genetics on cognitive functioning across the lifespan indicate that the effects of underlying disease genetics on cognitive functioning is dependent on biological processes that differ between the sexes.
Familial cleft tongue caused by a unique translation initiation codon variant in TP63
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Schreiber Gudrun , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Li Yun , Kaulfuß Silke , Funke Rudolf , Wilken Bernd , Yigit Gökhan , Wollnik Bernd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVariants in transcription factor p63 have been linked to several autosomal dominantly inherited malformation syndromes. These disorders show overlapping phenotypic characteristics with various combinations of the following features: ectodermal dysplasia, split-hand/foot malformation/syndactyly, lacrimal duct obstruction, hypoplastic breasts and/or nipples, ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, hypospadias and cleft lip/palate. We describe a family with six individuals presenting with a striking novel phenotype characterized by a furrowed or cleft tongue, a narrow face, reddish hair, freckles and various foot deformities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel heterozygous variant, c.3G>T, inTP63affecting the translation initiation codon (p.1Met?). Sanger sequencing confirmed dominant inheritance of this unique variant in all six affected family members. In summary, our findings indicate that heterozygous variants inTP63affecting the first translation initiation codon result in a novel phenotype dominated by a cleft tongue, expanding the complex genotypic and phenotypic spectrum ofTP63-associated disorders.
COVID-19: Impact on linguistic and genetic isolates of India
Authors: Singh Prajjval Pratap , Suravajhala Prashanth , Basu Mallick Chandana , Tamang Rakesh , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Machha Pratheusa , Singh Royana , Pathak Abhishek , Mishra Vijay Nath , Shrivastava Pankaj , Singh Keshav K. , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Chaubey Gyaneshwer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid expansion of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has impacted various ethnic groups all over the world. The burden of infectious diseases including COVID-19 are generally reported to be higher for the Indigenous people. The historical knowledge have also suggested that the indigenous populations suffer more than the general populations in the pandemic. Recently, it has been reported that the indigenous groups of Brazil have been massively affected by COVID-19. Series of studies have shown that many of the indigenous communities reached at the verge of extinction due to this pandemic. Importantly, South Asia also has several indigenous and smaller communities, that are living in isolation. Till date, despite the two consecutive waves in India, there is no report on the impact of COVID-19 for indigenous tribes. Since smaller populations experiencing drift may have greater risk of such pandemic, we have analysed Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) among South Asian populations and identified several populations with longer homozygous segments. The longer runs of homozygosity at certain genomic regions may increases the susceptibility for COVID-19. Thus, we suggest extreme careful management of this pandemic among isolated populations of South Asia.
Truly privacy-preserving federated analytics for precision medicine with multiparty homomorphic encryption
Authors: Froelicher David , Troncoso-Pastoriza Juan R. , Raisaro Jean Louis , Cuendet Michel A. , Sousa Joao Sa , Cho Hyunghoon , Berger Bonnie , Fellay Jacques , Hubaux Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing real-world evidence in biomedical research, an indispensable complement to clinical trials, requires access to large quantities of patient data that are typically held separately by multiple healthcare institutions. We propose FAMHE, a novel federated analytics system that, based on multiparty homomorphic encryption (MHE), enables privacy-preserving analyses of distributed datasets by yielding highly accurate results without revealing any intermediate data. We demonstrate the applicability of FAMHE to essential biomedical analysis tasks, including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in oncology and genome-wide association studies in medical genetics. Using our system, we accurately and efficiently reproduce two published centralized studies in a federated setting, enabling biomedical insights that are not possible from individual institutions alone. Our work represents a necessary key step towards overcoming the privacy hurdle in enabling multi-centric scientific collaborations.
Electro-optic spatial light modulator from an engineered organic layer
Authors: Benea-Chelmus Ileana-Cristina , Meretska Maryna L. , Elder Delwin L. , Tamagnone Michele , Dalton Larry R. , Capasso Federico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTailored nanostructures provide at-will control over the properties of light, with applications in imaging and spectroscopy. Active photonics can further open new avenues in remote monitoring, virtual or augmented reality and time-resolved sensing. Nanomaterials with χ(2) nonlinearities achieve highest switching speeds. Current demonstrations typically require a trade-off: they either rely on traditional χ(2) materials, which have low non-linearities, or on application-specific quantum well heterostructures that exhibit a high χ(2) in a narrow band. Here, we show that a thin film of organic electro-optic molecules JRD1 in polymethylmethacrylate combines desired merits for active free-space optics: broadband record-high nonlinearity (10-100 times higher than traditional materials at wavelengths 1100-1600 nm), a custom-tailored nonlinear tensor at the nanoscale, and engineered optical and electronic responses. We demonstrate a tuning of optical resonances by Δλ = 11 nm at DC voltages and a modulation of the transmitted intensity up to 40%, at speeds up to 50 MHz. We realize 2 × 2 single- and 1 × 5 multi-color spatial light modulators. We demonstrate their potential for imaging and remote sensing. The compatibility with compact laser diodes, the achieved millimeter size and the low power consumption are further key features for laser ranging or reconfigurable optics.
Structural mechanism of GTPase-powered ribosome-tRNA movement
Authors: Petrychenko Valentyn , Peng Bee-Zen , de A. P. Schwarzer Ana C. , Peske Frank , Rodnina Marina V. , Fischer Niels 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGTPases are regulators of cell signaling acting as molecular switches. The translational GTPase EF-G stands out, as it uses GTP hydrolysis to generate force and promote the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. The key unresolved question is how GTP hydrolysis drives molecular movement. Here, we visualize the GTPase-powered step of ongoing translocation by time-resolved cryo-EM. EF-G in the active GDP–Pi form stabilizes the rotated conformation of ribosomal subunits and induces twisting of the sarcin-ricin loop of the 23 S rRNA. Refolding of the GTPase switch regions upon Pi release initiates a large-scale rigid-body rotation of EF-G pivoting around the sarcin-ricin loop that facilitates back rotation of the ribosomal subunits and forward swiveling of the head domain of the small subunit, ultimately driving tRNA forward movement. The findings demonstrate how a GTPase orchestrates spontaneous thermal fluctuations of a large RNA-protein complex into force-generating molecular movement.
Self-regeneration of supported transition metals by a high entropy-driven principle
Authors: Hou Shengtai , Ma Xuefeng , Shu Yuan , Bao Jiafeng , Zhang Qiuyue , Chen Mingshu , Zhang Pengfei , Dai Sheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sintering of Supported Transition Metal Catalysts (STMCs) is a core issue during high temperature catalysis. Perovskite oxides as host matrix for STMCs are proven to be sintering-resistance, leading to a family of self-regenerative materials. However, none other design principles for self-regenerative catalysts were put forward since 2002, which cannot satisfy diverse catalytic processes. Herein, inspired by the principle of high entropy-stabilized structure, a concept whether entropy driving force could promote the self-regeneration process is proposed. To verify it, a high entropy cubic Zr0.5(NiFeCuMnCo)0.5Ox is constructed as a host model, and interestingly in situ reversible exsolution-dissolution of supported metallic species are observed in multi redox cycles. Notably, in situ exsolved transition metals from high entropy Zr0.5(NiFeCuMnCo)0.5Ox support, whose entropic contribution (TΔSconfig = T⋆12.7 J mol−1 K−1) is predominant in ∆G, affording ultrahigh thermal stability in long-term CO2 hydrogenation (400 °C, >500 h). Current theory may inspire more STWCs with excellent sintering-resistance performance.
High temperature superconductivity at FeSe/LaFeO3 interface
Authors: Song Yuanhe , Chen Zheng , Zhang Qinghua , Xu Haichao , Lou Xia , Chen Xiaoyang , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xuetao , Tao Ran , Yu Tianlun , Ru Hao , Wang Yihua , Zhang Tong , Guo Jiandong , Gu Lin , Xie Yanwu , Peng Rui , Feng Donglai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnormous enhancement of superconducting pairing temperature (Tg) to 65 K in FeSe/SrTiO3 has made it a spotlight. Despite the effort of interfacial engineering, FeSe interfaced with TiOx remains the unique case in hosting high Tg, hindering a decisive understanding on the general mechanism and ways to further improving Tg. Here we constructed a new high-Tg interface, single-layer FeSe interfaced with FeOx-terminated LaFeO3. Large superconducting gap and diamagnetic response evidence that the superconducting pairing can emerge near 80 K, highest amongst all-known interfacial superconductors. Combining various techniques, we reveal interfacial charge transfer and strong interfacial electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in FeSe/LaFeO3, showing that the cooperative pairing mechanism works beyond FeSe-TiOx. Intriguingly, the stronger interfacial EPC than that in FeSe/SrTiO3 is likely induced by the stronger interfacial bonding in FeSe/LaFeO3, and can explain the higher Tg according to recent theoretical calculations, pointing out a workable route in designing new interfaces to achieve higher Tg.
FBXL2 counteracts Grp94 to destabilize EGFR and inhibit EGFR-driven NSCLC growth
Authors: Niu Mengmeng , Xu Jing , Liu Yang , Li Yuhuang , He Tao , Ding Liangping , He Yajun , Yi Yong , Li Fengtian , Guo Rongtian , Gao Ya , Li Rui , Li Luping , Fu Mengyuan , Hu Qingyong , Luo Yangkun , Zhang Chunyan , Qin Kewei , Yi Jianqiao , Yu Shuhan , Yang Jian , Chen Hu , Wang Liang , Li Zhonghan , Dong Biao , Qi Shiqian , Ouyang Liang , Zhang Yujun , Cao Yang , Xiao Zhi-Xiong Jim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) drives non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. EGFR mutations-mediated resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a major hurdle for NSCLC treatment. Here, we show that F-box protein FBXL2 targets EGFR and EGFR TKI-resistant mutants for proteasome-mediated degradation, resulting in suppression of EGFR-driven NSCLC growth. Reduced FBXL2 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we show that glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94) protects EGFR from degradation via blockage of FBXL2 binding to EGFR. Moreover, we have identified nebivolol, a clinically used small molecule inhibitor, that can upregulate FBXL2 expression to inhibit EGFR-driven NSCLC growth. Nebivolol in combination with osimertinib or Grp94-inhibitor-1 exhibits strong inhibitory effects on osimertinib-resistant NSCLC. Together, this study demonstrates that the FBXL2-Grp94-EGFR axis plays a critical role in NSCLC development and suggests that targeting FBXL2-Grp94 to destabilize EGFR may represent a putative therapeutic strategy for TKI-resistant NSCLC.
Polyphenolics profile effects upon the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of propolis extracts
Authors: Nichitoi Mădălina Maria , Josceanu Ana Maria , Isopescu Raluca Daniela , Isopencu Gabriela Olimpia , Geana Elisabeta-Irina , Ciucure Corina Teodora , Lavric Vasile 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPropolis, a complex bee product, is a source of numerous bioactive principles, beneficial for human health, therefore it is intensively studied. In the present work, extracts of propolis from Bihor Romanian County were studied to identify the relationship between the polyphenolic derivatives profile and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Extracts were obtained using water and 25%, 50%, and 70% ethanolic solutions (w/w), at 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1 liquid: solid ratios (w/w). 21 polyphenolic derivatives were quantified by UHPLC-MS, proving that the extracts composition strongly depends on the solvent. The sum of quantified polyphenolics extracted varied between 1.5 and 91.2 mg/g propolis. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the free radicals 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging methods. Antimicrobial efficiency was tested against Gram-positive (B. subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), and fungi (C. albicans) by disc-diffusion method. All extracts, even the aqueous ones, demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activity. Chemometric methods (partial least squares) and a saturation-type model were used to evaluate the contribution of various bioactive principles in building the antioxidant capacity of extracts. Both experimental and modelling results show that 50% ethanolic extracts provide a rich polyphenolics profile and ensure a good antioxidant capacity.
Age constraints for the Trachilos footprints from Crete
Authors: Kirscher Uwe , El Atfy Haytham , Gärtner Andreas , Dallanave Edoardo , Munz Philipp , Niedźwiedzki Grzegorz , Athanassiou Athanassios , Fassoulas Charalampos , Linnemann Ulf , Hofmann Mandy , Bennett Matthew , Ahlberg Per Erik , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present an updated time frame for the 30 m thick late Miocene sedimentary Trachilos section from the island of Crete that contains the potentially oldest hominin footprints. The section is characterized by normal magnetic polarity. New and published foraminifera biostratigraphy results suggest an age of the section within the Mediterranean biozone MMi13d, younger than ~ 6.4 Ma. Calcareous nannoplankton data from sediments exposed near Trachilos and belonging to the same sub-basin indicate deposition during calcareous nannofossil biozone CN9bB, between 6.023 and 6.727 Ma. By integrating the magneto- and biostratigraphic data we correlate the Trachilos section with normal polarity Chron C3An.1n, between 6.272 and 6.023 Ma. Using cyclostratigraphic data based on magnetic susceptibility, we constrain the Trachilos footprints age at ~ 6.05 Ma, roughly 0.35 Ma older than previously thought. Some uncertainty remains related to an inaccessible interval of ~ 8 m section and the possibility that the normal polarity might represent the slightly older Chron C3An.2n. Sediment accumulation rate and biostratigraphic arguments, however, stand against these points and favor a deposition during Chron C3An.1n.
Communication processes about predictive genetic testing within high-risk breast cancer families: a two-phase study design
Authors: Blomen Chiara L. , Pott Aliaksandra , Volk Alexander E. , Budäus Lars , Witzel Isabell 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe detection of a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene has medical and psychological consequences for both, affected mutation carriers and their relatives. A two-phase study with explanatory sequential mixed methods design examined the psychological impact of genetic testing and associated family communication processes. Analyzing a survey data of 79 carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, the majority had general psychological distress independent of cancer diagnosis in the patients’ history. The point prevalence of depression was 16.9%. Contrary to their subjective perception, the respondents’ knowledge about those mutations was moderate. Despite the high rate of information transfer to relatives at risk (100%), their reported uptake of genetic testing was low (45.6%). Communication about the mutation detection was more frequent with female than with male relatives. In-depth focus group interviews revealed significant barriers to accessing genetic counseling including anxiety, uncertainty about the benefits of testing and about the own cancer risk, particularly among males. This study suggests that an adequate knowledge of the genetic background and psychological support is required to reduce emotional distress, to support familial communication and to facilitate genetic testing.