bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of opposing needling on motor cortex excitability in healthy participants and in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: Study protocol for a single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xu Mindong , Zi Yinyu , Wu Jianlu , Xu Nenggui , Lu Liming , Liu Jiahui , Yu Yanling , Mo Haofeng , Wen Weifeng , Tang Xiaorong , Fan Wenjuan , Zhang Yu , Liu Churong , Yi Wei , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Opposing needling has obvious curative effect in the treatment of poststroke hemiplegia, however, the mechanism of the opposing needling in the treatment of poststroke hemiplegia is still not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of opposing needling on the excitability of primary motor cortex(M1) of healthy subjects and patients with poststroke hemiplegia, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of opposing needling in treating poststroke hemiplegia.Methods: This will be a single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial in which 80 healthy participants and 40 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia will be recruited. Healthy participants will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to the 2-Hz, 50-Hz, 100-Hz, and sham electroacupuncture groups. Patients with post-stroke hemiplegia will be randomised 1:1 to the opposing needling or conventional treatment groups. The M1 will be located in both groups by using neuroimaging-based navigation. The stimulator coil of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be moved over the left and right M1 in order to identify the TMS hotspot, followed by recording of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and resting motor thresholds (RMTs) of the thenar muscles induced by TMS before and after electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture. The primary outcome measure will be the percent change in the RMT of the thenar muscles at baseline and after the intervention. The secondary outcome measures will be the amplitude (μV) and latency (ms) of the MEP of the thenar muscles at baseline and after the intervention.Discussion: The aim of this trial is to explore the effect of opposing needling on the excitability of M1of healthy subjects and patients with poststroke hemiplegia.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900028138, Registered on 13 December 2019.
Protocol for GET FIT Prostate: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Group Exercise Training for Fall Prevention and Functional Improvements During and After Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Winters-Stone Kerri , Li Fuzhong , Horak Fay , Dieckmann Nathan , Hung Arthur , Amling Christopher , Beer Tomasz M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany prostate cancer survivors are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but these therapies may increase frailty, worsen physical functioning, and increase fall risk. While exercise may counter functional declines associated with ADT, no studies have tested whether and which type of exercise may reduce falls and frailty. The purpose of this trial is to compare the relative efficacy of strength training versus tai ji quan training against each other and to a stretching control group on falls, frailty and physical functioning in men expose to ADT for prostate cancer.MethodsProstate cancer survivors treated with ADT (N = 360) who have fallen in the past year or are at risk of a fall based on validated risk factors will be recruited to participate in this single-blind, parallel group, randomized trial. Participants will be randomized to one of three supervised, group training programs: i) strength training, ii) tai ji quan training, or iii) stretching (control), that train 3x/week for 6 months. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 3 (mid-intervention), 6 (immediately post-intervention) and 12 (follow-up) months. The primary outcome is falls assessed by monthly self-report. Secondary outcomes include the following: Frailty (low lean body mass (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), exhaustion (by SF-36 vitality scale), low activity (by CHAMPS physical activity survey), slowness (by 4 m usual walk speed), and weakness (by chair stand time)); Objective and subjective measures of physical function will also be collected. Negative binomial regression models will be used to assess differences in falls between groups, while mixed-effects modeling will be used to compare the relative efficacy of training group on secondary outcomes.DiscussionExercise represents a non-pharmacologic approach to mitigate the problem of falls experienced among men treated with ADT. By engaging in appropriate exercise men may be able to avoid or delay falls, frailty and disability associated with their cancer treatment. Findings of the trial are expected to inform clinical practice about how exercise could be prescribed as part of cancer care for prostate cancer survivors prescribed ADT.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03741335. Registered November 18, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03741335
Micro cutting force model of micro-jet induced by cavitation collapse in the ultrasonic field at micro-nano scale
Authors: Ye Linzheng , Zhu Xijing , He Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The micro-jet is the main mechanism of cavitation on materials. More and more ultrasonic cavitation assisted machining uses the micro-jet effect in the industrial field. In this paper, the micro-jet impact is considered as the micro cutting process. To deeply analyze the micro cutting mechanism of micro-jet, the size effect of materials was considered, and the micro cutting force model of micro-jet was established and solved based on the spherical indentation test theory and the strain gradient plasticity theory. The results showed that the micro cutting force and impact pressure of micro-jet with size effect are larger than those without size effect, and the micro cutting force of single micro-jet is within 2.35 N. The micro cutting force of micro-jet increases exponentially with the increase of pit radius, but only slightly increases with the increase of pit depth. When the size effect is considered or not, the impact pressure of micro-jet is 1616-2922 MPa or 1615-1980 MPa, respectively. The increase ratio of micro cutting force with size effect is , which can directly reflect the strength of size effect. The size effect is more obvious when the pit size is smaller, and the maximum increase ratio is 47.54%.The increase ratio increases nonlinearly with the decrease of pit radius and increases with the increase of pit depth. It has a strong correlation with pit radius and pit depth. This paper can provide a new theoretical viewpoint and support for the quantitative description of cavitation effect in ultrasonic assisted machining.
The ecological implications of interplant drought cuing
Authors: Novoplansky Ariel , Falik Omer , Mauda Shachar , Kersting Lennart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plants are able to perceive, integrate and respond to multiple signals and cues informative of imminent threats and opportunities. Here we studied the ecological implications of interplant drought cuing by subjecting unstressed target plants to short periods of root cuing from neighbors that were either stressed or unstressed by drought. Our findings show for the first time that cues emitted from the roots of drought-inflicted plants could elicit greater survival in neighboring plants under a subsequent drought, yet at the expense of lowered performance under benign conditions. Interestingly, these adaptations and costs could be similarly elicited in immediate neighbors via direct cuing and in more distant neighbors via relayed-cuing. Further investigation into the mechanism of interplant drought cuing implicated abscisic acid (ABA) as the exogenous vector based on three lines of evidence- a) drought cuing was greatly reduced in ABA-deficient plants such as Wilty mutant plants or fluridone-treated plants, b) metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the roots of both drought-stressed plants and their unstressed neighbors exuded significantly more ABA than their uncued controls, c) Both direct and relayed cuing from ABA-treated neighbors increased the survival and performance of unstressed target plants under a subsequent drought, and inflicted performance costs on target plants that grew under benign conditions. were not subjected to a subsequent drought. Our findings suggest that interplant root communication of drought cues could have novel implications for plant interactions, survival and performance under both natural and agricultural settings, calling for its further investigation under field conditions.
The characteristic of economically important traits of dairy cows depending on type of body constitution
Authors: Stavetska Ruslana , Dynko Yurii 
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on research of economically important traits of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with different types of body constitution. The aim of the study was to differentiate dairy cows into constitution types and to identify the best types in terms of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproductive capacity. The cows were differentiated into low-, mid- and high-capacity types of body constitution. Depending on their type the features of growth, exterior, milk productivity and reproduction capacity of primiparous have been studied. It has been established, that the intensity of growth of heifers from birth to 18 months depended on the type of their body constitution. Higher live weight, absolute and average daily gains were characteristic of heifers with low-capacity body constitution. Their live weight at the age of 18 months on average was 388.5 kg, it was on 30.9 kg and 60.3 kg (Р < 0.01) more than live weight of mid- and high-capacity heifers. The advantages of low-capacity heifers in average daily gain during the growing period were 60 g and 117 g, respectively. The results of the exterior evaluation have shown that primiparous with the high-capacity type of body constitution had greater size and larger measurements primarily of the chest and barrel (Р < 0.05–0.001).The higher values of linear evaluation were also observed in cows with the high-capacity type, which were characterized by well-developed chest, wide rump, desired rear view of rear legs, firm udder attachment and strong central ligament. The power of influence of the type of body constitution on linear type traits ranged from 0.5 % (rear teat placement) to 46.2 % (chest width). Higher milk productivity was a characteristic of mid-capacity cows (an advantage of 305-d milk yield – 340–662 kg, milk fat yield – 9.0–21.0 kg, milk protein yield – 9.8–19.8 kg).The best results of reproduction capacity have been observed in cows with the high-capacity type of body constitution (calving percentage – 87.5 %)
Low-molecular components of colostrum as a regulator of the organism redox-system and biological antidote
Authors: Ivanov Ievgen , Kozheshkurt Valentyn , Bozhkov Anatoly , Goltvjansky Anatolii , Katrich Victor , Sidorov Vadim , Gromovoy Taras 
Published: April 2021

The protein composition in the diapason of molecular masses from 4800 to 9500 Dа has been studied in colostrum, taken from different cows, and manifested the expressed biological activity. For this aim, an influence of low-molecular components of colostrum on some physiological parameters (change of body mass and temperature) at intoxication of animals (Wistar rats) by blue stone has been studied. An influence of colostrum low-molecular components on parameters of the organism redox-system (content of hyperperoxides of lipids and activity of glutathione peroxidase) in the blood serum of animals has been studied. For determining integral characteristics of colostrum components, electric conductivity of skim colostrum and one of colostrum with low-molecular proteins (less than 10 000 Dа), taken from different cows, were used. The aim of this work is to study interconnections of an influence of colostrum low-molecular proteins on models of organism intoxication by cooper ions.
It is demonstrated, that the colostrum composition includes 25–35 different proteins with a molecular mass from 4800 to 9500 Dа. The number and ratio between protein fractions depend on individual physiological-biochemical characteristics of producers. It has been revealed, that there is no direct dependence between the protein content in a measuring cell (2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) with skim colostrum and electric conductivity change, and this dependence is different for skim colostrum, taken from different cows. Individual differences are manifested both at electric conductivity change and by the content of colostrum low-molecular proteins in a measuring cell. It is demonstrated, that colostrum low-molecular components can eliminate the toxic effect of blue stone on the organism, which mechanisms are connected with a balance shift in the system “prooxidants↔antioxidants” towards antioxidants. The electric conductivity of colostrum components may be used as an express-method for evaluating biologically active substances of colostrum
Assay of Bacillus cereus Emetic toxin produced in orange squash
Authors: Singh Sunita , Lad Prachi 
Published: April 2021

The contamination of squash by B. cereus, an enterotoxin producer, was found to range between 7.5×104 and 1.8×104 CFU/g in orange squash (during storage), that is hazardous. Orange squash is widely produced and consumed in India, but has a low rating of 3 on the scale of 10 (on feedback), mostly due to high sugars, not preferred these days. It can be preserved for >9 months due to added sugars and preservatives. During processing squash, if juice is not quickly cooled and/or squash is kept for long at temperatures <48 °C after processing, it can be a source of food poisoning. Reason, a large number of toxins can be produced by B. cereus. B. cereus strains, isolated from squash, produce heat stable toxin. Vacuolar assay confirmed them as emetic toxins, produced in squash. The toxin behaved like an ionophore in assay using mitochondria, extracted from liver cells of chicken with potassium ions in buffer. The toxicity of toxin by assay was 3200 IU/ng (BC IV strain) and 800 IU/ng (BC X strain). By the vacuolar expansions of mitochondria in assay, toxins of B. cereus demonstrated a toxic effect, in the range of 20.93 to 60.94 % by BC IV toxin and 43.28 to 45.02 % by BC X toxin, on the 3rd day growth of B. cereus in squash and toxin extraction for assay. It was also possible to produce antibodies against the B. cereus whole cell and toxin of BC IV, as an attempt to detect B. cereus contaminations in foods, by Ouchterlony’s immune-diffusion test
Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview
Authors: da Silva Costa Rouse , Sainara Maia Fernandes Tatiana , de Sousa Almeida Edmilson , Tomé Oliveira Juliene , Carvalho Guedes Jhonyson Arruda , Julião Zocolo Guilherme , Wagner de Sousa Francisco , do Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The global water bottling market grows annually. Today, to ensure consumer safety, it is important to verify the possible migration of compounds from bottles into the water contained in them. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) exposure through water bottle consumption have become an important issue. BPA, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can cause adverse effects on human health. Papers of literature published in English, with BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP detections during 2017, by 2019 by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography analysis methods were searched. The highest concentrations of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in all the bottled waters studied were found to be 5.7, 12.11, 82.8 and 64.0 μg/L, respectively. DBP was the most compound detected and the main contributor by bottled water consumption with 23.7% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Based on the risk assessment, BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in commercial water bottles do not pose a serious concern for humans. The average estrogen equivalent level revealed that BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled waters may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health.
In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Models for Peripheral Nerve Injury and
Regeneration
Authors: Li Andrew , Pereira Clifford , Hill Elise Eleanor , Vukcevich Olivia , Wang Aijun 
Published: April 2021

:
Peripheral Nerve Injuries (PNI) frequently occur secondary to traumatic injuries. Recovery
from these injuries can be expectedly poor, especially in proximal injuries. In order to study and
improve peripheral nerve regeneration, scientists rely on peripheral nerve models to identify and test
therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the best described and most commonly used peripheral
nerve models that scientists have and continue to use to study peripheral nerve physiology
and function.
Aortic Regurgitation as a Complication of Electrophysiologic Ablation
Techniques: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shehata Esraa , Abdel-Samie Mohamed Samy , Elkoumy Ahmad , Yehia Ahmed , Soliman Osama , Abdelghani Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a well-established treatment for several
cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias originating from the left side of the heart including ventricular
and supraventricular tachycardia and ectopy can be successfully ablated through either transseptal
or retrograde aortic approach. Although these techniques have a generally low rate of complications,
aortic valve injury is a potential complication of ablation at the left cardiac side that warrants
more investigation.

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the incidence of iatrogenic aortic valve regurgitation
and explore the potential mechanisms and risk factors that might contribute to aortic valve injury
during radiofrequency ablation. Additionally, the course and progression of aortic regurgitation
in the reported cases will be described.

Methods:
Authors searched PubMed for articles using the keywords “ablation” AND
“aortic insufficiency” OR “aortic valve injury” OR “aortic regurgitation”. Case reports and series
as well as retrospective and prospective studies were included, and relevant review articles and editorial
comments were used as a supplementary source of data. A total of 19 references were used
and a detailed description of patient characteristics, procedural techniques, and incidence, predictors,
and fate of aortic regurgitation were reported by 11 clinical studies.

Results:
There is a small risk of significant iatrogenic aortic regurgitation after radiofrequency ablation
of left-sided cardiac arrhythmias, especially techniques performed via a retrograde aortic approach.

Conclusion:
Although the risk is not confined to procedures applying direct energy to the aortic
cusp region, a more aggressive ablation applied in the vicinity of the valvular complex seems to be
associated with a higher risk. Routine post-procedural surveillance should be adopted to detect de
novo aortic valve injury following radiofrequency ablation techniques.
Architektura eksperymentalna w strukturach miejskich według ARCHItektonicznych teleGRAMÓW
Authors: Sarlej Arkadiusz 
Published: April 2021

Artykuł stara się wskazać przyczyny rozwoju architektury eksperymentalnej w drugiej połowie XX wieku. W tym czasie (po 1950) możemy zaobserwować bardzo dużą aktywność architektów i artystów poprzez projekty dotyczące życia i odczuć związanych z byciem tu i teraz, a także w dużej mierze w przyszłości. Powodami powstawania eksperymentalnych projektów są: –	niezadowolenie z sytuacji życiowej oraz politycznej – termin „sytuacja” został opisany oraz bardzo głęboko przeanalizowany przez Guy Deborda, który założył Międzynarodówkę Sytuacjonistyczną (1957), a wszystkie opisy mają charakter buntu, –	powstanie nowej filozofii życia, pracy i zabawy (na podstawie książki Johana Huinzingi Homo ludens. Zabawa jako źródło kultury – 1938), –	bardzo gwałtowny postęp technologiczny (silna wiara np. w loty w kosmos, ruchome domy, życie pod wodą i nowe materiały budowlane) – pierwszy opis marzenia o ruchomym domu napisał Ivan Chtcheglov w 1953. Bazując na powyższym, w roku 1961 powstaje Grupa Archigram, która w ciągu 13 lat wydała 10 numerów magazynów o tej samej nazwie, co posłużyło jako materiał badawczy (upublicznione oficjalnie pierwszy raz w całości) do przeanalizowania rozwoju myślenia o architekturze eksperymentalnej. Grupa poprzez swoje teksty, projekty, a także bardzo ciekawą oprawę graficzną była jedną z pierwszych, która ukazała inne eksperymentalne oblicze architektury i miast. Cały czas poszukiwała odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak zaprojektować przestrzeń, aby życie było jak najbardziej wygodne, a w związku z tym: szczęśliwe. Członkowie grupy nie znali ograniczeń w swoich futurystycznych projektach i głęboko wierzyli w to, że realizacja ich projektów będzie kwestią czasu. Tym bardziej, że założenia i koncepcje projektów były bardzo proste. Po analizie numerów oraz projektów w nich zawartych widać, jaki duży wpływ grupa Archigram wywarła na współczesne projekty. Natomiast mimo ogromnego postępu technologicznego marzenia o zmiennym i mobilnym domu do dzisiaj są wciąż tylko marzeniem wielu twórców.
Model Rehna-Meidnera i jego rola w polityce gospodarczej Szwecji
Authors: Sawer Marta 
Published: April 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie szwedzkiego modelu polityki gospodarczej i płacowej Rehna-Meidnera, powodów jego powstania, jego cech, a także przyczyn zmian polityki gospodarczej Szwecji po kilkudziesięciu latach. Model ten, stworzony przez dwóch szwedzkich ekonomistów w 1951 r., stanowił podstawę polityki ekonomicznej przez kolejne dekady. Miał on ułatwić osiągnięcie celów pełnego zatrudnienia, stabilności cen, wzrostu gospodarczego i równości w redystrybucji dochodów poprzez politykę – solidarną płacową, restrykcyjną gospodarczą, aktywną na rynku pracy i marginalną w odniesieniu do zatrudnienia. Model został zaprojektowany z myślą o przegrzewającej się gospodarce, będącej problemem Szwecji w latach 50. Jego wdrożenie początkowo okazało się skuteczne, jednakże od lat 70. zaczęto coraz bardziej podporządkowywać politykę gospodarczą celom związków zawodowych, a wraz z postępującą globalizacją, coraz większy wpływ miały na Szwecję czynniki zewnętrzne, takie jak kryzysy naftowe i ujemne wstrząsy popytowe. Zaczęto wtedy odbiegać od zaleceń modelu przy podejmowaniu decyzji gospodarczych, a „złoty wiek” lat 50. i 60., dobiegł końca. Niniejsza analiza prowadzi do zrozumienia, czym model się charakteryzował, jaki miał wpływ na rozwój Szwecji, oraz dlaczego polityka gospodarcza uległa tam z czasem zmianie. Wykazano także, iż pomimo zmian w gospodarce kraju, elementy modelu wciąż pozostają aktualne.
Educação do Campo no âmbito da Universidade do Estado da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Maria Jucilene Lima , Carvalho Luzeni Ferraz de Oliveira , Bogo Maria Nalva Rodrigues de Araújo 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar o percurso histórico da Universidade do Estado da Bahia com projetos na Educação do Campo e a relação que se estabeleceu com a participação dos movimentos sociais populares do campo para proposição, elaboração e acompanhamento dos projetos e ações formativas realizadas. A pesquisa filia-se, epistemologicamente, ao Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, apoiando-se na pesquisa/participante/ação e se utiliza da revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental no processo de investigação. Os resultados apontam possibilidades e situações limites de diálogo e trabalho coletivo com os Movimentos Sociais e Sindicais Populares do Campo para a realização de projetos com a Educação do Campo no percurso histórico de 26 anos. Conclui-se que, a universidade tem buscado implementar novas frentes de trabalho, sob a escuta das demandas dos movimentos e princípios do trabalho coletivo, portanto, sinalizam-se possibilidades de se reafirmar o seu compromisso social com os povos do campo.
Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo. UNEB. Formação.