bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput phenotyping reveals a link between transpiration efficiency and transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand and new loci controlling water use-related traits in African rice,Oryza glaberrimaSteud
Authors: Affortit Pablo , Effa-Effa Branly , Ndoye Mame Sokhatil , Moukouanga Daniel , Luchaire Nathalie , Cabrera-Bosquet Llorenç , Perálvarez Maricarmen , Pilloni Raphaël , Welcker Claude , Champion Antony , Gantet Pascal , Diedhiou Abdala Gamby , Manneh Baboucarr , Aroca Ricardo , Vadez Vincent , Laplaze Laurent , Cubry Philippe , Grondin Alexandre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecause water availability is the most important environmental factor limiting crop production, improving water use efficiency, the amount of carbon fixed per water used, is a major target for crop improvement. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand, remain unknown. These traits were measured in a panel of 147 African riceOryza glaberrimagenotypes, known as potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly differentiated genotypes confirmed these associations and suggested that the root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency and its residuals, that links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.
Restricted X chromosome introgression and support for Haldane’s rule in hybridizing damselflies
Authors: Swaegers Janne , Sánchez-Guillén Rosa Ana , Chauhan Pallavi , Wellenreuther Maren , Hansson Bengt 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTContemporary hybrid zones act as natural laboratories for the investigation of species boundaries and allow to shed light on the little understood roles of sex chromosomes in species divergence. Sex chromosomes are considered to function as a hotspot of genetic divergence between species; indicated by less genomic introgression compared to autosomes during hybridisation. Moreover, they are thought to contribute to Haldane’s rule which states that hybrids of the heterogametic sex are more likely to be inviable or sterile. To test these hypotheses, we used contemporary hybrid zones of Ischnura elegans, a damselfly species that has been expanding its range into the northern and western regions of Spain, leading to chronic hybridization with its sister species Ischnura graellsii. We analysed genome-wide SNPs in the Spanish I. elegans and I. graellsii hybrid zone and found (i) that the X chromosome shows less genomic introgression compared to autosomes and (ii) that males are underrepresented among admixed individuals as predicted by Haldane’s rule. This is the first study in Odonata that suggests a role of the X chromosome in reproductive isolation.Moreover, our data adds to the few studies on species with X0 sex determination system and contradicts the hypothesis that the absence of a Y chromosome causes exceptions to Haldane’s rule.
Parameter estimation in the age of degeneracy and unidentifiability
Authors: Lederman Dylan , Patel Raghav , Itani Omar , Rotstein Horacio G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParameter estimation from observable or experimental data is a crucial stage in any modeling study. Identifiability refers to one’s ability to uniquely estimate the model parameters from the available data. Structural unidentifiability in dynamic models, the opposite of identifiability, is associated with the notion of degeneracy where multiple parameter sets produce the same pattern. Therefore, the inverse function of determining the model parameters from the data is not well defined. Degeneracy is not only a mathematical property of models, but it has also been reported in biological experiments. Classical studies on structural unidentifiability focused on the notion that one can at most identify combinations of unidentifiable model parameters. We have identified a different type of structural degeneracy/unidentifiability present in a family of models, which we refer to as the Lambda-Omega (Λ-Ω) models. These are an extension of the classical lambda-omega (λ-ω) models that have been used to model biological systems, and display a richer dynamic behavior and waveforms that range from sinusoidal to square-wave to spike-like. We show that the Λ-Ω models feature infinitely many parameter sets that produce identical stable oscillations, except possible for a phase-shift (reflecting the initial phase). These degenerate parameters are not identifiable combinations of unidentifiable parameters as is the case in structural degeneracy. In fact, reducing the number of model parameters in the Λ-Ω models is minimal in the sense that each one controls a different aspect of the model dynamics and the dynamic complexity of the system would be reduced by reducing the number of parameters. We argue that the family of Λ-Ω models serves as a framework for the systematic investigation of degeneracy and identifiability in dynamic models and for the investigation of the interplay between structural and other forms of unidentifiability resulting on the lack of information from the experimental/observational data.
StabilitySort: assessment of protein stability changes on a genome-wide scale to prioritise potentially pathogenic genetic variation
Authors: Chuah Aaron , Li Sean , Do Andrea , Field Matt A , Andrews T. Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSummaryMissense mutations that change protein stability are strongly associated with human inherited genetic disease. With the recent availability of predicted structures for all human proteins generated using the AlphaFold2 prediction model, genome-wide assessment of the stability effects of genetic variation can, for the first time, be easily performed. This facilitates the interrogation of personal genetic variation for potentially pathogenic effects through the application of stability metrics. Here, we present a novel algorithm to prioritise variants predicted to strongly destabilise essential proteins, available as both a standalone software package and a web-based tool. We demonstrate the utility of this tool by showing that at values of the Stability Sort Z-score above 1.6, pathogenic, protein-destabilising variants from ClinVar are detected at a 58% enrichment, over and above the destabilising (but presumably non-pathogenic) variation already present in the HapMap NA12878 genome.Availability and ImplementationStabilitySort is available as both a web service (http://130.56.244.113/StabilitySort/) and can be deployed as a standalone system (https://gitlab.com/baaron/StabilitySort).ContactDan.Andrews@anu.edu.au
Usability of the login authentication process: passphrases and passwords
Authors: Bhana Bhaveer , Flowerday Stephen Vincent 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The average employee spends a total of 18.6 h every two months on password-related activities, including password retries and resets. The problem is caused by the user forgetting or mistyping the password (usually because of character switching). The source of this issue is that while a password containing combinations of lowercase characters, uppercase characters, digits and special characters (LUDS) offers a reasonable level of security, it is complex to type and/or memorise, which prolongs the user authentication process. This results in much time being spent for no benefit (as perceived by users), as the user authentication process is merely a prerequisite for whatever a user intends to accomplish. This study aims to address this issue, passphrases that exclude the LUDS guidelines are proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
To discover constructs that create security and to investigate usability concerns relating to the memory and typing issues concerning passphrases, this study was guided by three theories as follows: Shannon’s entropy theory was used to assess security, chunking theory to analyse memory issues and the keystroke level model to assess typing issues. These three constructs were then evaluated against passwords and passphrases to determine whether passphrases better address the security and usability issues related to text-based user authentication. A content analysis was performed to identify common password compositions currently used. A login assessment experiment was used to collect data on user authentication and user – system interaction with passwords and passphrases in line with the constructs that have an impact on user authentication issues related to security, memory and typing. User–system interaction data was collected from a purposeful sample size of 112 participants, logging in at least once a day for 10 days. An expert review, which comprised usability and security experts with specific years of industry and/or academic experience, was also used to validate results and conclusions. All the experts were given questions and content to ensure sufficient context was provided and relevant feedback was obtained. A pilot study involving 10 participants (experts in security and/or usability) was performed on the login assessment website and the content was given to the experts beforehand. Both the website and the expert review content was refined after feedback was received from the pilot study.

Findings
It was concluded that, overall, passphrases better support the user during the user authentication process in terms of security, memory issues and typing issues.

Originality/value
This research aims at promoting the use of a specific type of passphrase instead of complex passwords. Three core aspects need to be assessed in conjunction with each other (security, memorisation and typing) to determine whether user-friendly passphrases can support user authentication better than passwords.
Synergy between sectoral output, energy and CO2 emission: a panel cointegration analysis of South Asia
Authors: Sharmin Mowshumi 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the synergy between sectoral output, energy use and CO2 emission with other factors for a panel of South Asian economies including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is done using annual panel data from 1980–2019 using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and Toda-Yamamoto techniques.

Findings
Empirical findings reveal the existence of a statistically significant long-run cointegrating relationship between energy use, sectoral output such as agricultural, industry and service gross domestic product (GDP), globalization, urbanization and CO2 emission. DOLS and FMOLS result posits that in the case of the South Asian region agriculture GDP does not contribute to increasing CO2 emission while service and industrial GDP is responsible for increasing CO2 emission along with urban population, energy use and to some extent globalization. More remarkably, the contribution of the service GDP is greater than the other two sectoral outputs in increasing CO2 emission with a feedback hypothesis.

Practical implications
As CO2 emission is a global phenomenon with a cross-boundary effect, these empirical findings might contribute to formulating implementable energy and environmental policies to sustain growth, as well as to protect the environment in the regional context.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature by providing an empirical investigation of South Asia incorporating the contribution of sectoral output to understand the potential contribution of each sector on energy and emission. This is the first study on the South Asian context from the perspective of sectoral output, energy and emission.
A comparative analysis of employees’ and customers’ attitude towards Islamic banking
Authors: Ali Syed Ahmad , Loussaief Aida , Ahmed Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Islamic banking industry with all of its exponential growth and global recognition has been under criticism for the past two decades. However, the problem signifies further when such criticism is made from within the organization and is well supported by outside (the customers). The purpose of this study is to provide a coherent exploration to investigate the factors that polarize its employees and customers across many parts of the world.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the phenomenon, a total of 30 responses were taken through interviews 15 each from customers and employees. Afterwards, the data was analysed and summarized into two categories. In doing so, the top five Malaysia’s Islamic banks were shortlisted to collect data from employees and customers.

Findings
A detailed thematic analysis resulted in six themes (Contradiction between theory and practice, Islamic banking knowledge and awareness, inadequate Shariah training, employees’ background, Shariah compliance, Islamic banking benefits) for employees and five (Islamic banking benefits, applying Shariah in Islamic banking, knowledge of Islamic banking, Islamic banking promotion, Islamic banking employees’ behaviour) for customers, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The results have stronger implications for both practice and theory as organizations can assess stakeholders and their perceptions about Islamic banking. Another implication is the comparative examination of employees and customers which can potentially affect decision and policy making in Islamic banks. Islamic banks can also address employment-related issues related to employees’ behaviour vis-à-vis marketing-related problems faced by its customers that will ultimately improve its global market share and strategic positioning.

Originality/value
The study is based on the importance of Islamic banking in Malaysia and explores the factors that potentially create a positive or negative insight into Islamic banking – both in employees and customers.
Allocation discretion, price discounts and returns in Turkish initial public offerings
Authors: Tutuncu Lokman 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether underwriters exercise their allocation discretion to offer favorable discounts to institutional investors.

Design/methodology/approach
The research covers 173 offerings at Borsa Istanbul between 2010 and September 2021. Two hypotheses related to allocation discretion are developed and tested by means of probit, ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares regressions. Heckman selection regressions are used for robustness tests.

Findings
Allocation discretion is catered toward institutional investors who account for more than 56% of all initial allocations adjusted by gross proceeds. Close to 84% of all gross proceeds come from offerings that allocation discretion is exercised. These discretionary offerings are sold with larger price discounts, yet provide lower initial returns, while evidence points to reallocation to retail investors due to weak demand from institutional investors.

Research limitations/implications
Despite using the population of firms in the research period, the sample size is small relative to more developed markets. The research period cannot be extended because allocation discretion is allowed in 2010.

Practical implications
The research highlights the importance of institutional and foreign investors to the equity markets. This issue is relevant due to the ongoing flight of foreign investors from emerging economies and the increasing participation of small investors in the stock markets.

Social implications
The study cautions retail investors against greater (re)allocations by underwriters who may seek to compensate for the loss of their foreign investor base and urges policymakers to regain foreign investors.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research paper to use actual discounts disclosed in the prospectus to test the predictions related to allocation discretion. The study also contributes to the emerging markets literature by documenting allocation practices of the Turkish underwriters for the first time.
Technological capabilities, technology management and economic performance: the complementary roles of corporate governance and institutional environment
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Liang Zhou , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2021

PurposeNowadays, faced with increasingly dynamic and fierce competition, knowledge is considered to be the core to survive and maintain competitive advantages in both managerial practices and academia. Against this background, this study analyzed the influence of technological capabilities (TC) and technology management (TM) on corporate economic performance in the contexts of corporate internal governance mechanisms and external institutional environment from the institutional perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data on Chinese publicly listed manufacturing firms in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets from 2008 to 2017 and the final data included 3,679 firm-year observations. Ordinary least square regression was used in both regression analysis and robustness tests.FindingsThe empirical results showed that the interaction between TC and TM was positively related to corporate economic performance and both corporate incentives and monitoring mechanisms strengthened this positive relationship; the positive moderating effects of corporate governance were stronger under a more developed corporate external institutional environment.Originality/valueThis research provides a better understanding of the economic effect of TC and TM from the perspective of knowledge integration by indicating that the interaction between TC and TM can enhance corporate economic performance and delimiting the boundaries of this relationship from the institutional perspective.
Does knowledge structure matter? Key factors influencing formal and informal knowledge sharing in manufacturing
Authors: Wen Peihan , Wang Ruiquan 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the factors from four dimensions that have an effect both on formal and informal knowledge sharing (FKS and IKS) and the relationship between knowledge sharing (KS) and task performance in Chinese manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachThe structural equation modeling approach was applied to hypothesis testing according to the data collected from employees of manufacturing companies through the online questionnaire. A total of 530 valid responses were obtained.FindingsThe results indicate that level of knowledge structure, self-efficacy, leadership support and KS culture all have a significant positive effect on both FKS and IKS while trust only positively affects FKS and information technology support positively affects IKS. Both FKS and IKS positively contribute to the task performance of manufacturing companies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study merely considered the impact of six factors on KS from four perspectives. Consequently, the relationship between some important other factors and KS is not revealed. In addition, the results of this study indicate that there might be a more complicated relationship between these factors and KS than the model constructed by this study. Therefore, in future research, more influencing factors could be considered in the research framework, and a multilevel model, such as a model considering the mediation effect, could be further explored.Practical implicationsAccording to the results, both FKS and IKS play a significant role in promoting organizational task performance, which is worthy of attention by the managers of manufacturing companies. In addition, the relationship between the different factors and the FKS and IKS found in this study provides specific guidance for improving the organizational KS practice.Originality/valueFirst, previous studies considered the construction of explicit KS and tacit KS models based on the content of KS while this study considered FKS and IKS from the perspective of the process and approach of KS. Second, this research has clearly defined the level of knowledge structure from the perspective of knowledge ontology and verifies the positive effect of this factor on KS, providing a new theoretical perspective for exploring KS factors.
Knowledge management in turbulent times: time-based scenario analysis of vaccinations against COVID-19
Authors: Mennini Francesco Saverio , Magni Domitilla , Daniele Lucia Michela , Favato Giampiero 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to estimate the delay or timely effects of the national vaccination strategy for COVID-19 on Italian gross domestic product (GDP). By adopting a knowledge management lens, the study highlights the importance of “time” for Italian recovery. Indeed, recovering an adequate growth rate is crucial for the future of employment, well-being and management of Italian public debt.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies an epidemiological model of a universal access vaccination programme against COVID-19. The economic model is based on the time-shift of available quarterly projections deriving from the expected delay or acceleration of the national vaccination plan against COVID-19.

Findings
The basic concept underlying the scenario analysis is that the sustainability of the expected recovery of the Italian economy due to the COVID-19 shock, and consequently the growth of the GDP, is time-dependent on the rollout of the national vaccination plan.

Research limitations/implications
A delay in the vaccination campaign could have a twofold negative impact on the growth of the Italian gross product: it reduces the quarterly growth over the previous year in the short term and it delays the quarterly upwards trend over the next two years. Policymakers and practitioners are called to promptly face new dynamic scenarios due to public and economic policies to fight the COVID-19 crisis.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt of research that focuses attention on the synchrony between the economic time necessary for recovery and the real-time necessary to achieve vaccination coverage for the restart of production activities.