bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco use disorder and cardiovascular health
Authors: Benowitz Neal L. , Liakoni Evangelia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis narrative review examines the impact of cigarette smoking and the use of other tobacco and nicotine products on cardiovascular disease. Smoking increases the incidence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases, and the harmful effects are substantially and relatively quickly reversible after quitting. Recommended cessation treatment includes offering pharmacotherapy, counseling which should emphasize the rapid risk reduction that occurs after quitting and adequate follow‐up contacts. Although most research on cardiovascular disease in relation to tobacco use has focused upon cigarette smoking, we also review available data related to other combustible tobacco products, smokeless tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems and second‐hand smoke. We discuss the implications of smoking on clinical management of patients with heart disease and newer developments with potential relevance to treatment of such patients.
The impact of disease activity on psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—results from the Stress, Anxiety and Depression with Disease Activity (SADD) Study
Authors: Mules Thomas C. , Swaminathan Akhilesh , Hirschfeld Esther , Borichevsky Grace , Frampton Chris , Day Andrew S. , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundDisease activity may be a risk factor for psychological illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimTo correlate objective measures of disease activity with psychological symptoms.MethodsAdult patients with IBD undergoing ileocolonoscopy were prospectively recruited. Demographic, psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), disease activity (symptoms, biomarkers, endoscopy), and quality of life (QoL) data were collected. One‐way ANOVA and multivariable analyses examined the associations between disease activity and symptoms of psychological illness, and identified other predictors of mental illness and reduced QoL.ResultsA total of 172 patients were included, 107 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 65 with ulcerative colitis (UC). There was no significant association between objective disease activity (endoscopic scores, faecal calprotectin or C‐reactive protein) and depression, anxiety or stress scores (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with CD and UC (P < 0.05). On multivariable analysis, only gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with severe symptoms of depression (OR 20.78 [6.71‐92.37], P < 0.001) and anxiety (OR 4.26 [1.70‐12.25], P = 0.004). Anti‐TNF and corticosteroid use, the presence of severe depressive, moderate–severe stress and gastrointestinal symptoms, and endoscopically active IBD were associated with a reduced QoL (P < 0.05). Longer duration of IBD predicted an improved QoL (P < 0.05).ConclusionsObjective measures of disease activity are not associated with symptoms of psychological illness in patients with IBD. Clinicians should consider underlying mental illness in patients with IBD with active gastrointestinal symptoms.
Lymphocytic gastritis and its relationships with other gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Genta Robert M. , Singhal Anuradha , Turner Kevin O. , Sonnenberg Amnon 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYBackgroundLymphocytic gastritis (LyG) is a histopathologic finding of unknown clinical relevance.AimsTo explore the clinical epidemiology of LyG and its associations with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, coeliac disease (CD) and microscopic colitis (MC)MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, the demographic, clinical, and histopathologic data of patients with and without LyG were compared. Between 2008 and 2020, 1.5 million patients with endoscopic biopsies of the gastroduodenal mucosa were extracted from a database. LyG diagnoses were reviewed to collect detailed information regarding its topographic distribution within the stomach. In a large subgroup of 400 000 patients, tissue samples from the colon were also available.ResultsOf 1 481 336 patients, 341 had LyG with Hp and 2697 had Hp‐negative LyG (with an overall prevalence of 0.21%). In patients with Hp‐negative LyG, 450 (17%) had corpus‐predominant LyG, 1068 antrum‐predominant LyG (40%), and 1179 pangastric LyG (44%). LyG was more common in males and in subjects aged 50‐70 years. There was no significant ethnic variation. Anaemia, diarrhoea, and weight loss were more common in patients with than without LyG. In 35% and 19% of patients, LyG was associated with CD and MC, respectively. All 72 patients with Hp‐positive LyG and 280 of 310 patients with Hp‐negative LyG with follow‐up biopsies became free of LyG within a year.ConclusionsMost cases of LyG may represent a self‐limited expression, frequently associated with other GI conditions, such as Hp infection, CD, and MC. In most patients, LyG is likely to resolve within a year after its initial diagnosis.
Different clinicopathologic features predispose to different patterns of distant metastasis with heterogeneous short‐term prognosis in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Tan Li‐Cheng , Huang Nai‐Si , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Han Pei‐Zhen , Liu Wan‐Lin , Lu Zhong‐Wu , Shi Rong‐Liang , Shi Xiao , Wang Yu , Ji Qing‐Hai , Qu Ning , Wei Wen‐Jun , Wang Yu‐Long 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have focused on the associated clinicopathologic features and short‐term prognostic impacts of metastatic patterns at initial diagnosis in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).MethodsOverall, 530 individuals with distant DTC diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the clinicopathologic factors influencing the pattern of distant metastasis. Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox regression were used to estimate the short‐term effects of metastatic patterns on overall (OS) and thyroid cancer‐specific survival (TCSS).ResultsFifty, 111, 263, 59 and 47 patients presented with distant lymph node (LN)‐only, bone‐only, lung‐only, bone plus lung, and liver and/or brain metastases (Mets), respectively. Regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) and follicular histotype were the only confirmed risk factors for distant LN‐only Mets and bone‐only Mets, respectively. Larger tumour size, extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and papillary histotype were associated with lung‐only Mets. Synchronous bone and lung Mets were more likely to occur in older patients. In addition, patients with distant LN‐only Mets had hardly any negative effect on OS and TCSS, whereas those with synchronous bone and lung or liver/brain Mets predicted unfavourable short‐term outcomes, regardless of whether they received total thyroidectomy and radioisotopes.ConclusionsDifferent clinicopathologic factors predispose to different patterns of metastases with profound short‐term survival differences among DTC patients. Our findings may help to determine effective pretreatment screening for aggressive metastatic patterns at initial diagnosis, and thus to provide additional treatment or access of clinical trials for these patients.
Alterations in the gut microbiome with hemorrhagic transformation in experimental stroke
Authors: Huang Qin , Di Liao , Yu Fang , Feng Xianjing , Liu Zeyu , Wei Minping , Luo Yunfang , Xia Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a life‐threatening complication of stroke. Whether changes in gut microbial composition underlie the development of HT remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota is altered in HT rats and examine the association between these changes and inflammatory responses.MethodsHT was successfully established in rats injected with 50% glucose (6 ml/Kg, i.p.) 15 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 90 min occlusion) with reperfusion. After 5 days, rats were euthanized, and their brains used to estimate infarct volume. The inflammatory factors, the analysis of gut microbiota, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed.ResultsIn contrast with non‐HT rats, gut microbiota sequencing showed an elevation in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in HT rats. Total SCFAs, especially butyrate and valeric acid, were significantly lower in the cecal contents of HT rats than in those of non‐HT rats. Hyperglycemia‐induced HT exacerbation was not observed when rats were treated with antibiotics, suggesting that altered microbiota play a critical role in hyperglycemic HT pathogenesis. Furthermore, rats whose gut was colonized with HT rat microbiota showed increased susceptibility to HT.ConclusionThis study provides important information about the gut microbiota profiles and SCFA levels of MCAO rats with HT or non‐HT. The susceptibility to HT in MCAO rats is associated with inflammation and gut microbiota modulation.
Patch tests in nonimmediate cutaneous adverse drug reactions: The importance of late readings on day 4
Authors: Bhujoo Zoé , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Saskia , Gener Gwendeline , Gaudin Olivier , Fleck Margaux , Verlinde‐Carvalho Muriel , Paul Muriel , Chosidow Olivier , Wolkenstein Paul , Assier Haudrey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatch tests (PTs) with two readings have been used for decades to identify the culprit drug in nonimmediate cutaneous adverse drug reactions (NICADRs), followed more recently by late reading of intradermal tests (IDTs). Some teams tend to perform PTs with only one reading before IDTs or even directly perform IDTs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relevance of a late PT reading on day 4 (D4) in NICADRs.MethodsWe retrospectively selected patients who had a PT for an NICADR between July 2014 and March 2020.ResultsDuring the study period, 328 patients had a PT with available results. Among the 75 positive‐PT patients with available data for the two readings, 41 (54.7%) had positive results on D2 and D4 and 34 (45.3%) had negative results on D2 but positive results on D4. No patient had positive results on D2 and negative results on D4.ConclusionThis study shows that a D4 reading enhanced the PT‐positive results. A positive PT result allows for reducing the number of IDTs, which are more difficult and costly to perform. Our series suggests that a late PT reading at D4 should be performed for exploring NICADRs.
Objectively measured teacher and preschooler vocalizations: Phonemic diversity is associated with language abilities
Authors: Mitsven Samantha G. , Perry Lynn K. , Tao Yudong , Elbaum Batya E. , Johnson Neil F. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver half of US children are enrolled in preschools, where the quantity and quality of language input from teachers are likely to affect children's language development. Leveraging repeated objective measurements, we examined the rate per minute and phonemic diversity of child and teacher speech‐related vocalizations in preschool classrooms and their association with children's end‐of‐year receptive and expressive language abilities measured with the Preschool Language Scales (PLS‐5). Phonemic diversity was computed as the number of unique consonants and vowels in a speech‐related vocalization. We observed three successive cohorts of 2.5–3.5‐year‐old children enrolled in an oral language classroom that included children with and without hearing loss (N = 29, 16 girls, 14 Hispanic). Vocalization data were collected using child‐worn audio recorders over 34 observations spanning three successive school years, yielding 21.53 mean hours of audio recording per child. The rate of teacher vocalizations positively predicted the rate of children's speech‐related vocalizations while the phonemic diversity of teacher vocalizations positively predicted the phonemic diversity of children's speech‐related vocalizations. The phonemic diversity of children's speech‐related vocalizations was a stronger predictor of end‐of‐year language abilities than the rate of children's speech‐related vocalizations. Mediation analyses indicated that the phonemic diversity of teacher vocalizations was associated with children's receptive and expressive language abilities to the extent that it influenced the phonemic diversity of children's own speech‐related vocalizations. The results suggest that qualitatively richer language input expands the phonemic diversity of children's speech, which in turn is associated with language abilities.
Sweet syndrome after Oxford‐AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine (AZD1222) in an elderly female
Authors: Majid Imran , Mearaj Samia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVaccination for COVID19 infection is in full swing all around the world and while the vaccines are considered overall safe, many cutaneous and extracutaneous adverse effects have been reported after their use. Local injection‐site reactions are the commonest adverse effect described with the use of these vaccines. We describe a case of Sweet syndrome in an elderly female after the first dose of Oxford‐AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine (AZD1222).
Transaction fee economics in the Ethereum blockchain
Authors: Donmez Anil , Karaivanov Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the economic determinants of transaction fees in the Ethereum blockchain. We estimate an empirical model based on queueing theory and analyze the factors determining the “gas price” (transaction cost per unit of service, “gas”). Using block‐ and transaction‐level data from the Ethereum blockchain, we show that changes in service demand significantly affect the gas price—when there is high block utilization, per‐unit fees increase on average, with strong nonlinear effect above 90% utilization. The transaction type is another important factor—larger fraction of regular transactions (direct transfers between users) is associated with higher gas price.
De facto immigration enforcement, ICE raid awareness, and worker engagement
Authors: Amuedo‐Dorantes Catalina , Antman Francisca M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explore whether fear of apprehension affects immigrants' labor market engagement by examining how Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) removals due to immigration violations and increased awareness of immigration raids impact their labor market outcomes. We find that ICE deportations are associated with reductions in the labor force participation and employment of likely undocumented immigrants when compared to similarly skilled foreign‐born US citizens. Effects are particularly strong among women, especially those with children, as well as in industries likely targeted by ICE raids. Controlling for perceived threats and de jure immigration policies has little impact on these results.
Test of plant defense elicitors for arthropod pest suppression and PR‐1 gene induction in pear orchards
Authors: Orpet Robert J. , Cooper W. Rodney , Beers Elizabeth H. , Nottingham Louis B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant defense elicitors (PDEs) are chemicals that stimulate plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Previous work shows that PDEs acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and harpinαβ protein (harpin) can induce the pathogenesis‐related gene PR‐1 in plants and suppress herbivorous arthropods. In this study, we tested the potential for these PDEs to induce PR‐1 in pear, Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) orchards and suppress pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), and spider mites, Tetranychus spp. (Acari: Tetranychidae). In 2017, we compared densities of each pest on mature pear trees following a single application of either an ASM product (Actigard; Syngenta), a harpin product (Employ; Plant Health Care), or no PDE treatment in four commercial and two research center orchards. In 2018, we sampled pear psylla and used qPCR to assess PR‐1 induction in pear leaf samples before and after PDE treatments at one commercial orchard. Neither PDE treatment showed evidence of pest suppression in either year, and no differences in PR‐1 expression were detected. Potted greenhouse trees treated with ASM in 2019 showed higher PR‐1 expression relative to untreated trees, verifying that our procedures can detect induction and suggesting that a single PDE application was sufficient to induce PR‐1 in potted but not mature pear trees. We conclude that plant defense elicitors may contribute to pear pest suppression in some contexts, but effects are unlikely to be strong or consistent. Our results highlight the need for field experiments to advance plant defense elicitor knowledge towards effective field applications.
Location and spatial dynamics of maritime services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Ye Shilin , Jiang Ziran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe evolution of the spatial structure of maritime services is a geographical phenomenon closely associated with regional port economic development. However, the spatial and temporal characteristics of maritime services are still not fully understood, especially in emerging market countries and regions. The goal of this study was to reveal the regional‐scale location and spatial dynamic characteristics of maritime services and their influencing factors. Specifically, using value chain perspectives, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches, we develop a database of maritime service enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Our empirical results show that maritime services and their various value chain segments display significant spatial agglomeration closely related to the scale of port development. Hub ports and large port cities are the main areas of concentrated maritime services. Moreover, during the spatial reconstruction of regional maritime services, non‐port and small port cities have gradually become important locations for agent maritime services (e.g., shipping agencies, freight forwarding) and traditional maritime services (e.g., port operators, warehouse and storage), dispersing and reconcentrating services in the hinterland. Finally, we analyze the influences of the hinterland logistics center, regional comprehensive transportation network, information communication technology, industrial agglomeration effect, local government competition, and cooperation on the spatial dynamics of maritime services in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Beyond technological relatedness: An evolutionary pro‐growth coalition and industrial transformation in Kunshan, China
Authors: Wang Cassandra C. , Gereffi Gary , Liu Zhigao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article develops an analytical framework for an adaptable and evolutionary pro‐growth coalition led by local government to understand regional industrial transformation in developing China. Taking Kunshan as an example, we argue that evolutionary and adaptable coalitions were key to Kunshan's successful transformation from an agriculture county to an export‐oriented industrial center, and to a more diversified city. The coalition of the local state with land‐holding farmers, domestic and international firms, and the central government during the 1980s‐1990s laid a foundation for industrial transformation; the strong coalition of local state and Taiwanese investors in the 1990s‐2000s shaped its new industry of IT manufacturing; and the coalition of local state with multiple actors at various geographical scales contributed a more diversified and innovative industrial structure of Kunshan. This study highlights that industrial evolution is not only driven by technological relatedness but also by the evolutionary state‐led coalition of multiple actors from different levels and at different stages, and appeals for a political economy perspective to understand industrial transformation of resource‐ scarce regions.
Monitoring of different factor VIII replacement products using a factor VIII one‐stage clotting assay on cobas t 511/711 analysers
Authors: Ketteler Carolin , Hoffmann Ingrid , Davidson Simon , Tiede Andreas , Richter Nina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecombinant coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) products are the standard of care for patients with haemophilia A. The development of modified FVIII products has provided benefit for patients but presented challenges for monitoring FVIII activity.AimThis single‐centre study evaluated the Roche FVIII one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) in measuring FVIII activity in plasma samples spiked with seven FVIII products at clinically relevant concentrations.MethodsFVIII‐deficient plasma samples were spiked with two batches of recombinant FVIII products (octocog alfa, moroctocog alfa, simoctocog alfa, efmoroctocog alfa, damoctocog alfa pegol, rurioctocog alfa pegol, lonoctocog alfa) at 1–120 IU/dL FVIII activity, according to their labelled potency. Measurement was conducted on the cobas t 511/711 analysers using the Roche FVIII OSA and the Technoclone TECHNOCHROM FVIII:C chromogenic substrate assay (CSA).ResultsUsing the OSA, FVIII activity was close to labelled potency for most analysed FVIII products including a recombinant FVIII Fc fusion protein. PEGylated FVIII product, damoctocog alfa pegol, was marginally above and single‐chain product, lonoctocog alfa, below the predefined acceptance criteria: for FVIII activity < 25 IU/dL: ± 5 IU/dL; for FVIII activity ≥ 25 IU/dL: ± 20% (relative). The different principles of OSA and CSA led to discrepancies in the estimation of all analysed FVIII products. Additionally, in vitro recovery was increased at lower levels of FVIII activity using the OSA, whereas recovery was more consistent using the CSA.ConclusionThese data allow the interpretation of FVIII activity results for different FVIII products using the Roche FVIII OSA on the cobas t 511/711 analysers.
Eu2+ activated NaBa3Si2O7F: A new efficient blue‐emitting luminescent material for solid‐state lighting and display
Authors: Chen Hang , Wang Yuhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExploring novel efficient phosphors for lighting and display has always been an important and meaningful work for researchers. Herein, a novel efficient blue‐emitting phosphor, Eu2+ doped barium‐containing silicate fluoride NaBa3Si2O7F, was prepared by solid‐state method. The phosphor can produce bright blue light peaked at 452 nm with full‐width at half‐maximum about 57 nm under near‐UV light excitation, and it exhibits a high internal quantum yield about 76.23%. The temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra show that this phosphor owns good thermal stability, and the emission intensity at 425 K is 67% of that at room temperature. The outstanding data of fabricated device demonstrate that the blue phosphor has large possibility of practical application for white light‐emitting diode. Furthermore, the phosphor also possesses good cathodoluminescence properties under various accelerating voltage with different probe currents, indicating its potential application in field emission displays.
Electrochemical and magnetic properties of electrospun SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 nanofibers
Authors: Hu Quanli , Yue Bin , Yang Daotong , Zhang Zixuan , Wang Yin , Liu Jinghai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUniform perovskite type SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 nanofibers have been prepared by a simple electrospinning approach and calcination process. The obtained samples had orthorhombic structure and strong absorbance behaviors in UV‐vis regions. The diameters of SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 nanofibers were 220 and 300 nm, respectively. The electrochemical and magnetic properties of SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 were investigated. SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 electrodes exhibited typical pseudocapacitive behaviors owing to the redox reactions of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Co3+/Co2+. At 0.5 A g‐1, the specific capacitances of SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 nanofibers were 90.8 and 126.6 F g‐1, respectively. The high‐performance nanostructured SmFeO3 and SmCoO3 have significantly potential application in supercapacitors. SmFeO3 nanofibers exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior. SmCoO3 nanofibers presented paramagnetism at high temperature and ferromagnetism at 5 K.