bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of sludge dewaterability and disintegration efficiency using electrolytic zero-valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Guo Shaodong , Huang Yuxin , Zhou Long , Huang Xinghu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrolysis zero-valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate (EZVI-PMS) was applied to enhance sludge dewaterability and disintegration performance. Sludge dewaterability was characterized by capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and disintegration performance was explored by measuring sludge DNA content, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). EPS, including soluble EPS (SB-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were analyzed by three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectrum (3D-EEM) to confirm the proteins' transformation tendency. DOC, protein and polysaccharide in EPSs were quantified to investigate the conditioning mechanism. The results showed that sludge CST and SRF were reduced significantly when the current was 0.2 A and PMS dosage was 130 mg/gDS with the reductions of 43.8% and 74.1%, respectively, and DNA was released from sludge cells to the liquid phase. Mechanically, sludge TB-EPS converted to SB-EPS with DOC in TB-EPS decreasing from 367.0 mg/L to 210 mg/L, while DOC in SB-EPS increased from 44 mg/L to 167.4 mg/L. Besides, the changes of protein and polysaccharide contents in SB-EPS and TB-EPS were similar to DOC, and protein in TB-EPS transformed to other protein-like or organic substances obviously.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Cilnidipine and
Metoprolol Succinate by RP-HPLC: Its Pharmacokinetic Application
Authors: Kachave Ramanlal N. , Shelke Suvarna H. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate are antihypertensive agents used in
the treatment of hypertension. Methods: A pharmacokinetic study of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol
Succinate in rat plasma was carried out using the chromatographic method.

Methods:
The chromatographic method involved a reverse phase C18 column, using acetonitrile
and pH 4.0 water in the ratio of 80:20 v/v as mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, and UV
detection at 231 nm. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed on rats. Rats were treated
with Cilnidipine (1mg/kg) and Metoprolol Succinate (1 mg/kg) orally, and blood samples were
collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h post-treatment.

Results:
The retention time of Plasma, Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was found to be 2.3,
3.1 and 5.5 min, respectively. Linearity was acceptable in the concentration range of 2-10 and 10-
50 for Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day variances
were found to be less than 2. The mean recovery of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was
100.12 and 100.15, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in
rat after oral administration. After oral administration, maximal concentration (Cmax) of
Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was found to be 460.01 and 642.13 (μg g/mL), and the halflife
was found at 2.0 and 3.904 hours, respectively.

Conclusion:
The present method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of
Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate in rat plasma after oral administration.
Marijuana Legalization in Colorado: Increasing Potency, Changing Risk Perceptions, and Emerging Public Health Concerns for Youth
Authors: Hinckley Jesse D. , Hopfer Christian 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Marijuana legalization occurred gradually in Colorado through political processes.

Objectives:
This study aimed to describe the history of marijuana legalization and correlated shifts in product availability, use patterns, and risk perceptions and describe associated emerging concerns with this process for adolescents and young adults.

Methods:
This review focuses on the history of marijuana legalization and correlated shifts in product availability, use patterns, and risk perceptions.

Results:
Along with the legalization of marijuana, there has been strong commercialization characterized by the widespread development of dispensaries, new products including edibles and concentrates, and an overall lowering of the “price per serving” of marijuana. While the frequency of marijuana use among adolescents does not appear to have shifted substantially, young adult patterns of use have demonstrated an increase in usage. A substantial shift has occurred in the increasing use of concentrates and high potency products. Emerging concerns related to high potency products include increased acute care visits, prevalence and outcomes of comorbid mental health disorders, cannabis-induced psychosis, driving while high, marijuana-related lung injuries, and increased use during pregnancy. Yet, there are also potential medical uses of marijuana.

Conclusion:
To date, scientific evidence of the mental or physical effects of high potency products is currently very limited. Clinical issues related to the treatment of marijuana use and comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth are discussed, focusing on how low-risk perceptions influence treatment considerations.
Rating Hospital Performance in China: Review of Publicly Available Measures and Development of a Ranking System
Authors: Dong Shengjie , Millar Ross , Shi Chenshu , Dong Minye , Xiao Yuyin , Shen Jie , Fan Xianqun , Li Guohong 
Published: June 2021

Background
In China, significant emphasis and investment in health care reform since 2009 has brought with it increasing scrutiny of its public hospitals. Calls for greater accountability in the quality of hospital care have led to increasing attention toward performance measurement and the development of hospital ratings. Despite such interest, there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of what performance information is publicly available to understand the performance of hospitals in China.

Objective
This study aims to review the publicly available performance information about hospitals in China to assess options for ranking hospital performance.

Methods
A review was undertaken to identify performance measures based on publicly available data. Following several rounds of expert consultation regarding the utility of these measures, we clustered the available options into three key areas: research and development, academic reputation, and quality and safety. Following the identification and clustering of the available performance measures, we set out to translate these into a practical performance ranking system to assess variation in hospital performance.

Results
A new hospital ranking system termed the China Hospital Development Index (CHDI) is thus presented. Furthermore, we used CHDI for ranking well-known tertiary hospitals in China.

Conclusions
Despite notable limitations, our assessment of available measures and the development of a new ranking system break new ground in understanding hospital performance in China. In doing so, CHDI has the potential to contribute to wider discussions and debates about assessing hospital performance across global health care systems.
Aktivitas Analgesik Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) Pada Mencit
Authors: Yuda Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma , Setiawati Ni Made Wiwik , Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita , Sanjaya Dwi Arymbhi , Cahyaningsih Erna 
Published: June 2021

Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS) pada nyeri kronis dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping terutama gangguan pada saluran pencernaan sehingga diperlukan agen alternatif yang lebih aman terutama dari herbal. Dalam Usada Bali, salah satu tanaman yang digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri adalah Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) famili Lamiaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas analgesik ekstrak daun Liligundi pada mencit. Daun Liligundi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut alkohol 70% dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas analgesik menggunakan metode induksi panas (hot plate) suhu 55°C pada 20 ekor mencit yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan Tween 80, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Ibuprofen 52 mg/kg BB, dan perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (EDL) dosis 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB. Waktu respon nyeri pada mencit diukur pada menit ke-30 ditandai dengan gerakan melompat ataupun menjilat kaki setelah diletakkan diatas hot plate. Data dianalisis secaraOne Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa EDL mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. EDL dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB mampu memperpanjang respon nyeri secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif dan menghasilkan waktu respon nyeri yang lebih panjang secara bermakna dibandingkan Ibuprofen (p<0.05).
Standardisasi Ekstrak Etanol 70% Buah Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
Authors: Rosidah Idah , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Agustini Kurnia , Bunga Olivia , Pudjiastuti Lestari 
Published: June 2021

Labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) merupakan tanaman sayur yang dapat digunakan untuk obat tradisional dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikolesterol, antihipertensi, antidiabetes maupun antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan mutu ekstrak buah labu siam sebagai bahan baku obat yang berasal dari bahan alam. Standardisasi ekstrak buah labu siam dilakukan terhadap parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik menurut metode standardisasi yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil parameter spesifik ekstrak buah labu siam menunjukkan kadar sari larut air 2,74 ± 0,07%, kadar sari larut etanol 2,75 ± 0,05%, kadar senyawa fenolik 0,36 ± 0,04 mg EAG/g ekstrak dan kadar pektin (bobot equivalen 4.083,51 ± 635,30 mg/eki, kadar metoksi 0,35 ± 0,03% dan kadar galakturonat 2,00 ± 0,19%). Parameter non-spesifik ekstrak buah labu siam menunjukkan kadar air 7,62 ± 0,53%, susut pengeringan 4,49 ± 0,42%, bobot jenis 1,408 ± 0,001 g/ml, abu total 6,33 ± 0,15%, abu tidak larut asam 0,76 ± 0,14%, kadar logam berat As, Cd, Hg dan Pb tidak terdeteksi. Total cemaran mikroba ektrak 7,5 x 103 koloni/g dan angka kapang khamir 20* koloni/g. Berdasarkan data diatas disimpulkan ekstrak etanol 70% buah labu siam memenuhi persyaratan secara umum untuk ekstrak tumbuhan obat.
Parameter Standar Ekstrak Etanol Stelechocarpus burahol Dalam Pengembangan Bahan Baku Obat
Authors: Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih , Hakim Arief Rahman , Purwantini Indah 
Published: June 2021

Ekstrak etanol daun Kepel (Stelochocarpus burahol) dilaporkan memiliki potensi untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat darah pada tikus dan tidak berbeda nyata dari allopurinol (P <0,05). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter standar simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun Kepel untuk pengembangan bahan baku obat. Standarisasi simplisia dilakukan untuk menentukan parameter non-spesifik dan spesifik serta kandungan kimia ekstrak. Parameter non-spesifik terdiri dari kadar air, susut pengeringan, kadar abu, kadar senyawa larut air dan kadar senyawa larut ethanol, kontaminasi logam berat, mikroba dan pestisida. Sedangkan parameter non-spesifik untuk ekstrak kental dan kering adalah semua parameter tersebut kecuali kadar ekstrak. Parameter khusus meliputi profil TLC dan kandungan flavonoid total. Kandungan flavonoid Total dihitung setara dengan jumlah kuersetin dalam gram per 100 g sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun Kepel memenuhi standar sesuai yang ditetapkan oleh Farmakope Herbal Indonesia baik untuk parameter non-spesifik maupun spesifik. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan, simplisia mengandung total flavonoid 0,52% b/b, sedangkan ekstrak kental dan kering daun kepel masing-masing mengandung 13,04 b/b dan 11,02% b/b. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kepel memenuhi standar sesuai Farmakope Herbal Indonesia.
Antibacterial Potential of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) Plant Against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus Bacteria
Authors: Ramses  , Fenny Agustina  , R. Pramuanggit Panggih Nugroho  
Published: June 2021

Background: Vibriosis is currently still a major problem in marine aquaculture and is highly dependent on availability of antibacterial agents in its handling. Investigation of antibacterial potential of the coastal plants of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) has been carried out. Methods: Parts of the X. americana plant taken are Old Fruit, Young Fruit, Old Leaf, and Young Leaf. A total of ± 200 grams of each part of X. americana plant was taken to be extracted using maceration method. The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Observations were made in time units, namely every 6 hours of incubation for 24 hours. Results: The tested extract of plant parts of X. americana showed an inhibition zone against the growth of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in each replication in all-time units of observation. Of the four types of extracts tested, old leaves showed strong category resistance to V. alginolyticus with the highest clear zone diameter of 16 mm (average 14.67 mm) at 6 hours incubation. Young leaves gave the highest of 18 mm (average 16.33 mm) against V. parahaemolyticus at 6 hours incubation. Conclusions: X. americana plants have potential for antibacterial against Vibriosis disease in aquaculture. The ability of power to be seen tended to decrease for all tests until the end of observation, but until the end of observation, the ability of extract inhibition of all parts of the plant was still in the moderate to strong category.
Pelatihan Akupresur Mandiri Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Senudin Putriatri Krimasusini , Janggu Jayanti Petronela , Eufrasia Prinata Padeng  
Published: June 2021

Pada umumnya ibu hamil mengalami ketidaknyamanan dan kekhawatiran yang terjadi selama kehamilan khusunya pada usia kehamilan trimester III. Ketidaknyamanan yang dirasakan ibu hamil perlu untuk diatasi secara mandiri dengan melakukan akupresur. Akupresur dinilai efektif dilakukan pada ibu hamil untuk membantu mengurangi mual muntah, membantu proses induksi persalinan, mengurangi kecemasan, mengurangi nyeri punggung serta mengatasi insomnia. Akupresur juga terbukti aman dilakukan pada ibu hamil, maka kegiatan pengabdian kepda masyarakat dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan akupresur mandiri, agar dapat menolong dirinya sendiri pada saat merasakan keluhan – keluhan serta mengurangi ketidaknyamanan fisiologis yang dirasakan pada kehamilan trimester III. Pelatihan akupresur mandiri bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan bagi ibu hamil tentang akupresur dan teknik akupresur yang benar untuk mengatasi ketidanyamanan ada ibu hamil trimester III . Metode yang dilakukan yaitu penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang dilakukan secara klasikal diawali pretest dan diakhiri posttest. Hasil evaluasi pada kegiatan ini menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang akupresur pada kategori baik dan cukup dan terjadi penurunan persentase pada kategori kurang.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembuatan Video Animasi Pembelajaran Interaktif dengan Powtoon
Authors: Astuti Irnin Agustina Dwi , Dasmo Dasmo , Bhakti Yoga Budi 
Published: June 2021

Perilaku inovatif guru sangat dibutuhkan selama pandemi Covid 19 saat ini. Guru dituntut untuk membuat media pembelajaran yang kreatif agar bisa diberikan ke siswa agar siswa tidak jenuh belajar selama belajar di rumah. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru di SMK Paya Rumput Melaka Malaysia dalam pembuatan video animasi pembelajaran interaktif dengan Powtoon Mitra dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah SMK Paya Rumput Melaka Malaysia dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 59 guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat meliputi wawancara, sosialisasi, dan pelatihan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran angket secara online melaui google form. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh peningkatan guru dalam pembuatan video animasi pembelajaran dengan Powtoon sebesar 39 %. Guru sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan.
Resistance: An Arendtian Reading of Solidarity and Friendship in Foucault
Authors: Schoonheim Liesbeth 
Published: June 2021

Recent scholarship has firmly established the similarities between Arendt and Foucault, in particular with regard to the dangers of late-modern social processes. Yet, few have compared their accounts of resistance. This paper argues that although Foucault offers the more comprehensive account, it omits the encounter with the other as unique and unfathomable, which is central to Arendt’s. This omission is particularly striking given the authors’ shared belief that the danger of ‘the social’ and ‘governmentality’ lies in atomizing individuals and barring the development of a singular style of being, and their allusion to friendship and solidarity as sites of resistance.
Drawing on Arendt, I show how Foucault restricts his thematization of solidarity and friendship to a reflexive praxis of the subject on her own limits, and argue instead for the relational dimension of resistance. I start by reconstructing their converging analysis of biological racism. I then continue with a discussion of resistance in Arendt, which she develops in response to the Shoah. More specifically, she provides a concept of solidarity and friendship that I draw on to extend Foucault’s analysis of the transnational solidarity among the governed in fighting for their rights vis-à-vis their governments; and of friendship in the context of his interrogation of the LGBT-movement.
HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF AUSTRALIAN RED-CLAW CRAYFISH HEMOLYMPH
Authors: Lagutkina Lina Yurievna , Evgrafova Elena , Kuzmina Evgeniia Germanovna , Mazlov Alexey Mikhaylovich 
Published: June 2021

The article describes Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, which is currently one of the most promising cultivation targets. However, to increase production volumes, it is necessary to improve cultivation technologies, which should be based on the data of physiological and biochemical parameters. An objective method for monitoring the physiological state
of Australian red claw crayfish in the artificial conditions is determining its hematological and biochemical indicators that complement the general characteristics of hemolymph and later define its physiological norm. When giving the objects the compound feed, which the authors produced by their own recipe, there was recorded a high level of total hemolymph protein of 40.8 ± 4.5 g/l. According to the results of biochemical research, the cholesterol content in the hemolymph of Australian crayfish was 3.2 ± 0.6 mmol/l, and the concentration of lipoproteins was 0.8 ± 0.2 g/l (levels within the reference values). When considering the hemogram of hemolymph there were found the dominant types and linear dimensions of native formed elements. The diameter of agranulocytes in Australian freshwater crayfish varied from 85 to 90 μm, semi-granulocytes - from 90 to 95 μm, granulocytes - from 65 to 78 μm, transparent cells differed by greater variability in size, which ranged from 85 to 120 μm. The part of granulocytes in relation to other shaped elements exceeded 50%, for transparent cells it turned out to be above 20%, for semi-granulocytes - about 15% and for agranulocytes - about 5%, which means that the latter form the rarest group. The established ratios are specific for Cherax quadricarinatus, its hemocytic characteristics greatly differs from Astacus leptodactylus, which is the main object of comparative research. The results of comparative analysis of the cellular composition of the hemolymph of the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) demonstrate the taxonomic specificity of this representative of freshwater aquaculture
Linguistic complexity of lecturers’ class register and its relationship to their personality traits
Authors: Malec Pinar Sinan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many research studies indicated a correlation between classroom behaviour and the language of the instructors and learners. The inter-language that the teachers prefer to use in the class differs from the natural, daily life conversations in linguistic terms. It is characterized by more simplistic, repetitive, carefully selected language, or “classroom register”. The paper discusses a „foreign language classroom register” as a specific linguistic subsystem which is operated both by the rules of linguistic simplification and by constraints imposed by the specific social (school) setting. The standard language used in a classroom communication with a high ratio of short basic and coordinate sentences, more universal constructions, such as base case nominal phrases and active present indicative verb phrases, the limited reduction in morphological complexity as a result of a preference for a simple sentence structure. The research study examines a linguistic complexity of the teacher talk with focus on reductions, modifications, and simplifications. It also studies the personal attitudes of lecturers toward school discourse and the relation between teachers´ personality and a language complexity of their language.
DO LIXO AO LIVRO: QUARTO DE DESPEJO E DIÁRIO DE BITITA, DE CAROLINA MARIA DE JESUS
Authors: Souza Flavia de Castro 
Published: June 2021

Carolina Maria de Jesus revela em Quarto de despejo (1960) e Diário de Bitita (1986) o cotidiano de muitas brasileiras negras do século XX. Da infância no interior de Minas Gerais Ã vida adulta na favela do Canindé, São Paulo, a trajetória de Carolina foi marcada pela rejeição ao tentar adentrar espaços marcados pelo privilégio branco. Os diários de Carolina podem ser considerados denúncias contra seus agressores, embora tragam, em sua forma, traços de uma cultura dominante assimilada. A escrita poética de Carolina é forjada na tentativa de emergir de uma camada subalterna Ã elite, revelando um deslocamento do ponto de vista de classe. Durante a ditadura militar no Brasil, sua obra passa a ser censurada e silenciada da cena literária porque sua crítica social não atendia o padrão proposto pelos militares. Analisarei as relações entre os sujeitos subalternizados e o sistema literário brasileiro, através da escrita íntima de Carolina.
Presença do Museólogo nos Museus de Minas Gerais
Authors: Nunes Gilson Antonio , Lima Júnio Campos de Abreu 
Published: June 2021

A partir da necessidade de mapear a presença do profissional museólogo nos museus das cidades sede dos cursos de graduação em museologia de nosso estado, após completarem-se 10 anos de seu surgimento na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP) e posteriormente na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), em Belo Horizonte, detectou-se que 38% e 24% das instituições possuem museólogos em atividade, respectivamente. Analisaram-se todos os museus dessas cidades, a partir do Guia dos Museus Brasileiros (2011), identificando os impactos da criação dos cursos uma vez que a maioria dos profissionais em atuação formou na UFOP e UFMG.
Museus fazem bem Ã saúde?
Authors: COSTA HELOISA HELENA F. G. 
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem a intenção de demonstrar, através de resultados de pesquisa sobre as relações necessárias entre memória, museus, patrimônio cultural e saúde dos indivíduos, que o uso adequado e constante dos bens culturais de uma dada sociedade podem promover saude cultural e integral nos cidadãos e nas cidades. Para demonstarr isso, foram explicitados os autores de referencia que fundamentam a pesquisa e corroboram para a comprovação das questões suscitadas, assim como foram relatadas experiencias marcantes entre patrimônio cultural, museus e público que dão base aos pressupostos que levaram Ã formulação do titulo indagativo Museus fazem bem Ã saúde? A autora, professora de Museologie e de História, vem dedicando seu tempo Ã pesquisia desse tema que lhe parece fundamental ao campo da Museologia, desde 2008, principalmente durante os anos de intervenção com percepção sensivel no Museu de Imagens do Inconsciente, no Rio de Janeiro e no Hospital Santa Isabel, unidade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia.