bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of lamin B receptor levels by miR-340-5p disrupts chromatin, promotes cell senescence and enhances senolysis
Authors: Herman Allison B , Anerillas Carlos , Harris Sophia C , Munk Rachel , Martindale Jennifer L , Yang Xiaoling , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , Zhang Yongqing , Heckenbach Indra J , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten , De Supriyo , Sen Payel , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA major stress response influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) is senescence, a state of indefinite growth arrest triggered by sublethal cell damage. Here, through bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation, we identified miR-340-5p as a novel miRNA that foments cellular senescence. miR-340-5p was highly abundant in diverse senescence models, and miR-340-5p overexpression in proliferating cells rendered them senescent. Among the target mRNAs, miR-340-5p prominently reduced the levels of LBR mRNA, encoding lamin B receptor (LBR). Loss of LBR by ectopic overexpression of miR-340-5p derepressed heterochromatin in lamina-associated domains, promoting the expression of DNA repetitive elements characteristic of senescence. Importantly, overexpressing miR-340-5p enhanced cellular sensitivity to senolytic compounds, while antagonization of miR-340-5p reduced senescent cell markers and engendered resistance to senolytic-induced cell death. We propose that miR-340-5p can be exploited for removing senescent cells to restore tissue homeostasis and mitigate damage by senescent cells in pathologies of human aging.
Revising Conventional Wisdom About Histoplasmosis in the United States
Authors: Benedict Kaitlin , Toda Mitsuru , Jackson Brendan R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Studies performed during the 1940s–1960s continue to serve as the foundation of the epidemiology of histoplasmosis given that many knowledge gaps persist regarding its geographic distribution, prevalence, and burden in the United States. We explore 3 long-standing, frequently cited, and somewhat incomplete epidemiologic beliefs about histoplasmosis: (1) histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis in the United States, (2) histoplasmosis is endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, and (3) histoplasmosis is associated with bird or bat droppings. We also summarize recent insights about the clinical spectrum of histoplasmosis and changes in underlying conditions associated with the severe forms. Continuing to identify prevention opportunities will require better epidemiologic data, better diagnostic testing, and greater awareness about this neglected disease among health care providers, public health professionals, and the general public.
A network of stress-related genes regulates hypocotyl elongation downstream of selective auxin perception
Authors: Rigal Adeline , Doyle Siamsa M. , Ritter Andrés , Raggi Sara , Vain Thomas , O’Brien José Antonio , Goossens Alain , Pauwels Laurens , Robert Stéphanie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The plant hormone auxin, a master coordinator of development, regulates hypocotyl elongation during seedling growth. We previously identified the synthetic molecule RubNeddin 1 (RN1), which induces degradation of the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID-INDUCIBLE3 (IAA3) and IAA7 in planta and strongly promotes hypocotyl elongation. In the present study, we show that despite the structural similarity of RN1 to the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid (2,4-D), direct treatments with these compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in distinct effects, possibly due to enhanced uptake of RN1 and low-level, chronic release of 2,4-D from RN1 in planta. We confirm RN1-induced hypocotyl elongation occurs via specific TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT1 (TIR1)/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) receptor-mediated auxin signaling involving TIR1, AFB2, and AFB5. Using a transcriptome profiling strategy and candidate gene approach, we identify the genes ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA10 (ZAT10), ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA31 (ATL31), and WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN33 (WRKY33) as being rapidly upregulated by RN1, despite being downregulated by 2,4-D treatment. RN1-induced expression of these genes also occurs via TIR1/AFB-mediated auxin signaling. Our results suggest both hypocotyl elongation and transcription of these genes are induced by RN1 via the promoted degradation of the AUX/IAA transcriptional repressor IAA7. Moreover, these three genes, which are known to be stress-related, act in an inter-dependent transcriptional regulatory network controlling hypocotyl elongation. Together, our results suggest ZAT10, ATL31, and WRKY33 take part in a common gene network regulating hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis downstream of a selective auxin perception module likely involving TIR1, AFB2, and AFB5 and inducing the degradation of IAA7.
Proton motive force in plant photosynthesis dominated by ΔpH in both low and high light
Authors: Wilson Sam , Johnson Matthew P. , Ruban Alexander V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The proton motive force (pmf) across the thylakoid membrane couples photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthesis. In recent years, the electrochromic carotenoid and chlorophyll absorption band shift (ECS), peaking ∼515 nm, has become a widely used probe to measure pmf in leaves. However, the use of this technique to calculate the parsing of the pmf between the proton gradient (ΔpH) and electric potential (Δψ) components remains controversial. Interpretation of the ECS signal is complicated by overlapping absorption changes associated with violaxanthin de-epoxidation to zeaxanthin (ΔA505) and energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching (qE; ΔA535). In this study, we used Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with altered xanthophyll cycle activity and photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) content to disentangle these overlapping contributions. In plants where overlap among ΔA505, ΔA535, and ECS is diminished, such as npq4 (lacking ΔA535) and npq1npq4 (also lacking ΔA505), the parsing method implies the Δψ contribution is virtually absent and pmf is solely composed of ΔpH. Conversely, in plants where ΔA535 and ECS overlap is enhanced, such as L17 (a PsbS overexpressor) and npq1 (where ΔA535 is blue-shifted to 525 nm) the parsing method implies a dominant contribution of Δψ to the total pmf. These results demonstrate the vast majority of the pmf attributed by the ECS parsing method to Δψ is caused by ΔA505 and ΔA535 overlap, confirming pmf is dominated by ΔpH following the first 60 s of continuous illumination under both low and high light conditions. Further implications of these findings for the regulation of photosynthesis are discussed.
Who Backs Separation? An Empirical Assessment of the Objective and Subjective Markers of Identity in Support for Secession in Catalonia
Authors: Guinjoan Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective markers of distinctiveness such as language, ethnicity, religion, or origin are instrumental in the formation of territorial identities. In turn, territorial identity tends to be the most powerful factor in explaining differences in support for secession. Along with this subjective identity, objective markers of distinctiveness also play a role in explaining support for secession. In this article, I argue that the literature lacks an empirical assessment of how objective and subjective markers of identity are related to support for secession. In particular, I argue that most of the effect of objective markers on support for secession is indirectly expressed via (changes in) identity. Results from survey data from Catalonia (2015–2020, N = 30,000), confirm that a large share of the effect of the region’s objective markers—language and ancestry—on secession is, as expected, mediated. This evidence has both theoretical and empirical implications for studies on identity formation and support for secession.
Prediction of shiftworker alertness, sleep, and circadian phase using a model of arousal dynamics constrained by shift schedules and light exposure
Authors: Knock Stuart A , Magee Michelle , Stone Julia E , Ganesan Saranea , Mulhall Megan D , Lockley Steven W , Howard Mark E , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Sletten Tracey L , Postnova Svetlana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
The study aimed to, for the first time, (1) compare sleep, circadian phase, and alertness of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses working rotating shifts with those predicted by a model of arousal dynamics; and (2) investigate how different environmental constraints affect predictions and agreement with data.

Methods
The model was used to simulate individual sleep-wake cycles, urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) profiles, subjective sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and performance on a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) of 21 ICU nurses working day, evening, and night shifts. Combinations of individual shift schedules, forced wake time before/after work and lighting, were used as inputs to the model. Predictions were compared to empirical data. Simulations with self-reported sleep as an input were performed for comparison.

Results
All input constraints produced similar prediction for KSS, with 56%–60% of KSS scores predicted within ±1 on a day and 48%–52% on a night shift. Accurate prediction of an individual’s circadian phase required individualized light input. Combinations including light information predicted aMT6s acrophase within ±1 h of the study data for 65% and 35%–47% of nurses on diurnal and nocturnal schedules. Minute-by-minute sleep-wake state overlap between the model and the data was between 81 ± 6% and 87 ± 5% depending on choice of input constraint.

Conclusions
The use of individualized environmental constraints in the model of arousal dynamics allowed for accurate prediction of alertness, circadian phase, and sleep for more than half of the nurses. Individual differences in physiological parameters will need to be accounted for in the future to further improve predictions.
“Jocks Gone Wild”: Masculinity, Sexual Bullying, and the Legal Normalization of Boys’ Victimization
Authors: Small Jamie L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe enactment of sexual violence is a key mechanism in the reproduction of masculinity. Yet most previous research examines the victimization of women and girls, even though men and boys do sometimes experience sexual violence. I take the case of sexual bullying on a high school athletic team to investigate the legal construction of teenaged boys’ sexual victimization. I examine the police investigation and subsequent prosecution of five youths who were charged with felonies related to sexual bullying. Data are threefold: 1) audio recordings of police detective interviews with 21 witnesses; 2) in-depth interviews with three attorneys who worked on the case; and 3) media reports about the case. This is an innovative approach because there is little knowledge about the analytical logics of sex crime investigations, as scholarly research often focuses on legal outcomes. Findings show that key actors involved in the case, including many of the boys, were ultimately able to contain the stigmatizing threat of male-male sexual bullying by invoking a discourse of comedy and friendship. This research has theoretical implications for masculinity studies, sociology of law, and scholarship on sexual assault.
Effects of bale feeder design on hay waste, intake, and apparent diet digestibility in gestating beef cows
Authors: Sexten Austin J , Moore Mikayla F , McMurphy Casey P , Mourer Gant L , Linneen Sara K , Brown Michael A , Richards Chris J , Lalman David L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeder design on hay intake, apparent diet digestibility, and hay waste in gestating beef cows. Native tallgrass prairie hay and a protein supplement was fed throughout both experiments. In Exp. 1, 56 crossbred cows were used in a Latin square arrangement. Feeder design treatments included a conventional open bottom steel ring (OBSR), an open bottom polyethylene pipe ring (POLY); a sheeted bottom steel ring (RING), and a sheeted bottom steel ring with a basket (BASK). Cows were weighed and allotted based on BW to one of four previously grazed 2.0 ha paddocks equipped with a concrete feeding pad. Fourteen cows were assigned to each paddock and three round bales were fed consecutively within each treatment period. The cows acclimated to the feeders while the first bale was being consumed. Subsequently, hay waste data were collected while the second and third bale within each period were being consumed. Waste was measured for each bale at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after each bale was introduced into the pen. Hay waste was significantly affected by hay feeder design with 19.7, 21.1, 12.4, and 5.5% of original bale weight wasted for OBSR, POLY, RING, and BASK, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). There was a feeder design × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) with greater waste when the bale was first introduced into the pen in OBSR, POLY, and RING feeders and gradually declining thereafter, while waste from the BASK feeder was consistently low. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for cows eating from OBSR feeders to consume less hay than cows eating from RING feeders. Feeder design did not influence apparent diet digestibility (P = 0.46). In Exp. 2, 64 crossbred cows (body weight = 590 ± 59 kg) were used to determine waste, forage intake, and apparent diet digestibility when hay was fed from a sheeted bottom steel ring (RING) or a RING feeder with a cone insert (CONE). More hay was wasted when cows were fed from RING feeders compared to CONE feeders (11.9% vs. 4.8%, P &lt; 0.01). Feeder design had no effect on DMI or apparent digestibility (P &gt; 0.45). Hay savings from adopting a more conservative feeder design can have a dramatic influence on hay utilization by beef cows and thus on cost of production.
A Novel Curriculum Assessment Tool, Based on AAMC Competencies, to Improve Medical Education About Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Zumwalt Ann C. , Carter Erin E. , Gell-Levey Isabelle M. , Mulkey Nat , Streed Carl G. , Siegel Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Problem
Medical education aspires to mitigate bias in future professionals by providing robust curricula that include perspectives of and practices for caring for sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations; however, implementation of these ideals remains challenging. Medical school leaders motivated to improve curricula on caring for SGM populations must survey their school’s current curricula to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement. In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published 30 SGM competencies that curricula should address. Here the authors describe the development of a tool to efficiently assess whether an undergraduate medical education (UME) curriculum adequately incorporates the AAMC-recommended SGM competencies.

Approach
In 2018, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) convened a group of faculty and students with experience and expertise regarding SGM health. The group distilled the 30 AAMC competencies into 12 SGM topic areas that should be addressed in any UME curriculum, and they developed a curriculum assessment tool to evaluate the presence and timing of these topic areas in the BUSM curriculum. This tool was distributed to all course and clerkship directors responsible for the required UME curriculum at BUSM to investigate where these topic areas are addressed (May–June 2019).

Outcomes
The curriculum assessment tool identified several strengths in the preclerkship and clerkship curricula, including faculty willingness and enthusiasm to include SGM content. The assessment tool also revealed that some SGM topic areas are underrepresented in the BUSM curriculum, particularly during clerkships.

Next Steps
The curriculum assessment tool described here is a straightforward, standardized instrument to map SGM topic areas within any UME curriculum. It is designed to be comprehensible by individuals who are not familiar with SGM health. The tool minimizes barriers to medical curricular change by providing a mechanism to assess and understand how SGM health is incorporated into existing curricula.
Heart Rate Variability and Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Exposed to Passive Viewing of Photographs of Daily Activities
Authors: Bandeira Pâmela M. , Reis Felipe J.J. , Muniz Fernanda D.N. , Chaves Anna C.S. , Fernandes Orlando , Arruda-Sanchez Tiago 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Investigation if emotional reactivity by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) and pressure pain sensitivity during a passive visualization task in participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Materials and Methods:
This case-control study was composed of 47 participants with CLBP and 47 asymptomatic participants. Both groups were submitted to a passive visualization task using 27 pictures from PHODA (Photograph Series of Daily Activities). HRV frequency domains were measured before, during, and after the task. Pressure pain threshold and pain intensity were also measured before and after the task.

Results:
The adjusted mean difference was statistically significant for HRV frequency domains during the visualization task, including low frequency [−5.92; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−9.60 to −2.23], high frequency (−0.71; 95% CI=−1.02 to −0.39), and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (8.82; 95% CI=5.19 to 12.45). Pressure pain threshold decreased after the task in the CLBP group in all body sites, and pain intensity increased (−0.8; 95% CI=−1.16 to −0.39).

Discussion:
Aversive environmental stimuli, such as visual cues, may generate defensive physiological reactions. HRV can provide a measure that reflects the perceptions of threat and safety in the environment. Participants with CLBP presented changes in sympathovagal balance during passive visualization of pictures of daily activities, higher pain sensitivity, and high pain intensity when they were exposed to a passive visualization task using pictures of daily living that may arouse fears of harm.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Auxiliary Significance of DNEP for MEP-positive Event During Severe Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Chen Jian , Deng Yao-long , Sui Wen-yuan , Yang Jing-fan , Xu Jing , Huang Zi-fang , Yang Jun-lin 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective analysis.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the intraoperative neuromonitoring auxiliary significance of descending neurogenic–evoked potential (DNEP) for motor-evoked potential (MEP) during severe spinal deformity surgery when MEP-positive event occurs.

Summary of Background Data:
MEP detection is the most widely applied neurological monitoring technique in spinal deformity surgery. MEP is quite vulnerable to anesthesia, blood pressure, and other intraoperative factors, leading to a high false-positive rate of MEP (3.2%–45.0%), which has greatly interfered with the surgical process. At present, the widely used “presence-or-absence” alarm criteria of MEP is not enough to solve the problem of false positive of MEP.

Methods:
A total of 205 cases undergoing severe spinal deformity correction were retrospectively studied. Overall, 74 MEP-positive cases were classified as 2 subgroups: DNEP (+) and DNEP (−) groups. The MEP recovery, wake-up test, and Frankle grade were used to assess the neurological functions. The perioperative and long-term neurological outcomes were assessed.

Results:
There were significant differences in preoperative scoliosis angle and kyphosis angle between DNEP (−) and DNEP (+) groups. Patients in DNEP (−) group showed more MEP improvement (81.5%), compared with the DNEP (+) group (53.2%). The Wake-up test showed 59.3% motor function deficit cases in DNEP (−) group, which was lower than the 87.2% in DNEP (+) group. More patients in DNEP (−) group had normal nerve function (Frankel level E) than those in DNEP (+) group immediately after surgery, as well as at follow-up.

Conclusions:
MEP-positive cases with intraoperative DNEP (−) showed superior prognosis after severe spinal deformity surgery. Intraoperative DNEP could be regarded as an important quantitative tool to assist MEP to monitor neurological injury and can serve as a temporary substitution monitoring technique after MEP is lost.
Long-Term Outcomes of a Community of Practice for Dietitians Working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health: A Multimethod, Follow-up Study
Authors: Wynn Ellen , Palermo Claire , Delbridge Robyn , Wilson Annabelle 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Dietitians are in an important position to work alongside Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to improve their health and may play a role in reducing the burden of disease experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Many dietitians do not feel confident to practice effectively in these settings and require improved workforce development opportunities. Communities of Practice can improve dietitians' confidence and practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health; however, evidence for long-term impacts is limited. This study aims to determine if a Community of Practice can have long-term impacts on dietitians working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.

Methods:
Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a cultural awareness self-assessment tool. Analysis was through a multimethod approach and combined qualitative inductive thematic analysis, social network analysis, and descriptive statistics.

Results:
Three main areas of long-term impact were identified including development of a social and professional network, career progression and retention, and a fundamental change in thinking and practice. All participants experienced feelings of support and increased confidence.

Discussion:
Communities of practice may be a feasible, low-cost workforce development strategy that can reduce dietitians' feelings of professional isolation when working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Further research is required to identify the mechanisms underlying sustained impacts. Social network analysis, combined with realist evaluation may be an appropriate research design, to answer future and more in-depth questions about the effectiveness of communities of practice.
PolliRS: A 3D-printed Pollicization Retractor System that Improves Access and Autonomy during the Surgical Procedure
Authors: Papavasiliou Theodora , Chatzimichail Stelios , Yoshimura Ryo , Sivakumar Branavan 
Published: June 2021

Summary
We demonstrate the design, manufacture, and deployment of the first custom-made 3-dimensional (3D)-printed hand retractor for the pollicization procedure. Radiological images of the patient’s hand were taken preoperatively to measure anatomical dimensions and guide the design of the device in a patient-precise manner. The 3D-printed, sterilizable, device was autoclaved and successfully used on a patient that underwent a pollicization procedure in our unit. The radiolucency of the device and the fluency enabled by the ability to exchange between different positions demonstrated the potential of this device in increasing the overall autonomy afforded to the lead-surgeon during the operation and demonstrated the potential of rapid-prototyping techniques such as 3D printing for producing patient-precise tools on-the-fly that taken account the specific needs of the patient.