bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of the 4C Mortality Score for patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases/risk factors
Authors: Kuroda Shunsuke , Matsumoto Shingo , Sano Takahide , Kitai Takeshi , Yonetsu Taishi , Kohsaka Shun , Torii Sho , Kishi Takuya , Komuro Issei , Hirata Ken-ichi , Node Koichi , Matsue Yuya 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPredictive algorithms to inform risk management decisions are needed for patients with COVID-19, although the traditional risk scores have not been adequately assessed in Asian patients. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a COVID-19-specific prediction model, the 4C (Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium) Mortality Score, along with other conventional critical care risk models in Japanese nationwide registry data.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsHospitalised patients with COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease or coronary risk factors from January to May 2020 in 49 hospitals in Japan.Main outcome measuresTwo different types of outcomes, in-hospital mortality and a composite outcome, defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality.ResultsThe risk scores for 693 patients were tested by predicting in-hospital mortality for all patients and composite endpoint among those not intubated at baseline (n=659). The number of events was 108 (15.6%) for mortality and 178 (27.0%) for composite endpoints. After missing values were multiply imputed, the performance of the 4C Mortality Score was assessed and compared with three prediction models that have shown good discriminatory ability (RISE UP score, A-DROP score and the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS)). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the 4C Mortality Score was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.88) for in-hospital mortality and 0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.81) for the composite endpoint. It showed greater discriminatory ability compared with other scores, except for the RISE UP score, for predicting in-hospital mortality (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.86). Similarly, the 4C Mortality Score showed a positive net reclassification improvement index over the A-DROP and REMS for mortality and over all three scores for the composite endpoint. The 4C Mortality Score model showed good calibration, regardless of outcome.ConclusionsThe 4C Mortality Score performed well in an independent external COVID-19 cohort and may enable appropriate disposition of patients and allocation of medical resources.Trial registration numberUMIN000040598.
A varying dark energy effective speed of sound parameter in the phantom Universe
Authors: Albarran Imanol , Bouhmadi-López Mariam , Marto João 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyse the phenomenological effects of a varying Dark Energy (DE) effective speed of sound parameter,$$c^{2}_{\text {sd}}$$csd2, on the cosmological perturbations of three phantom DE models. Each of these models induce a particular abrupt future event known as Big Rip (BR), Little Rip (LR), and Little Sibling of the Big Rip (LSBR). In this class of abrupt events, all the bound structures in the Universe would be ripped apart at a finite cosmic time. We compute the evolution of the perturbations,$$f\sigma _{8}$$fσ8growth rate and forecast the current matter power spectrum. We vary the$$c^{2}_{\text {sd}}$$csd2parameter in the interval [0, 1] and compute the relative deviation with respect$$c^{2}_{\text {sd}}=1$$csd2=1. In addition, we analyse the effect of gravitational potential sign flip that occurs at very large scale factors as compared with the current one.
Gastric Mucosal Abnormality and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Gastric Biopsy Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Yu Jingru , Song Huan , Ekheden Isabella , Löhr Matthias , Ploner Alexander , Ye Weimin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
It remains open whether gastric precancerous lesions are associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between gastric mucosal status and pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods:
Patients with gastric biopsies [normal, minor changes, superficial gastritis, and atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia (AG/IM/Dys)] from the Swedish histopathology registers during 1979 to 2011 were included. Cross-linkages with several nationwide registries allowed complete follow-up and identification of pancreatic cancer cases until 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and HRs were estimated.

Results:
During 3,438,248 person-years of follow-up with 318,653 participants, 3,540 cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. The same pattern of excess risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population was observed across all groups: a peak of 12- to 21-fold excess risk in the first year after biopsy [e.g., normal: SIR = 17.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 15.7–19.3; AG/IM/Dys: SIR = 11.5; 95% CI, 9.9–13.4], which dropped dramatically during the second and third years, followed by 20% to 30% increased risk after the third year (e.g., normal: SIR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4; AG/IM/Dys: SIR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5). However, no significant excess risk was observed with the normal gastric mucosa as reference.

Conclusions:
This unique, large pathologic cohort study did not find evidence that abnormal gastric mucosal status is causally associated with a long-term pancreatic cancer risk. However, a highly increased short-term risk was observed for people undergoing gastroscopy with biopsy sampling compared with the general population.

Impact:
Further studies for a long-term risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with gastric biopsies are needed, with further adjustments.
ПОРІВНЯННЯ ВПЛИВУ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА ПСИХІЧНИЙ СТАН ДІТЕЙ ТА ДОРОСЛИХ ПІД ЧАС ЛОКДАУНУ, РОБОТИ ТА НАВЧАННЯ В ОНЛАЙН-РЕЖИМІ
Authors: Венгер О. П. , Воронцова Т. О. , Іваніцька Т. І. , Бондарук Б. О. , Трохимчук А. В. 
Published: September 2021

Резюме. Проблема негативного впливу мультимедійних технологій на населення є надзвичайно актуальною, особливо в період пандемії та вимушеного локдауну.
Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив пандемії COVID-19 та мультимедійних технологій на психічний стан дітей та дорослих під час локдауну, роботи та навчання в онлайн-режимі.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано особливості вираження депресії, тривоги та стресу, наявність Інтернетзалежності, розладів пам’яті та уваги під час пандемії у 285 респондентів (50 дітей і 235 дорослих респондентів). Протягом дослідження ми зібрали інформацію про кількість проведеного часу респондентами в ґаджетах та використано: тест-опитувальник на наявність Інтернет-адикції Кімберлі-Янг (IAT), шкалу депресії, тривоги та стресу (DASS-21), методики дослідження уваги Х’юго-Мюнстерберг та «Дослідження короткотривалої пам’яті» і методи математичної статистики.
Результати. Опитаних поділили на дві групи відповідно до віку та чотири підгрупи відповідно до статі. Протягом дослідження було встановлено, що рівень депресії під час перебування на карантині частіше спостерігався у дітей, натомість рівень вираження тривоги та стресу – в дорослих респондентів. З’ясовано, що групою ризику для розвитку інтернет-адикції є дорослі жінки, в яких надмірне користування засобами мультимедії спостерігалося у 35 %, натомість найменш уразливими виявилися дорослі чоловіки з ймовірністю розвитку даної залежності у 14 %. Встановлено, що використання мультимедійних засобів більшою мірою викликають порушення уваги у дорослих респондентів, зокрема низький рівень спостерігався у 27,61% жінок та 20,79 % чоловіків, коли у дітей даний показник становив 7,15 і 9,1 % відповідно. Натомість у респондентів-дітей частіше було зниження пам’яті (у 7,14 % дівчат та 9,09 % хлопців), ніж у дорослих (у 2,98 % жінок та 4,95 % чоловіків).
Висновки. Рівень депресії під час перебування на карантині частіше спостерігався у дітей, натомість рівень вираження тривоги та стресу – в дорослих респондентів. Групою ризику для розвитку інтернет-адикції під час вимушеного локдауну є дорослі жінки. Використання мультимедійних засобів більшою мірою викликають порушення уваги у дорослих респондентів та порушення пам’яті серед дітей.
Thrombolysis in Mild Stroke
Authors: Asdaghi Negar , Romano Jose G. , Gardener Hannah , Campo-Bustillo Iszet , Purdon Barbara , Khan Yosef M. , Gulati Deepak , Broderick Joseph P. , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Sacco Ralph , Khatri Pooja ,   on behalf of MaRISS and PRISMS Collaborators and Investigators†
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Mild ischemic stroke patients enrolled in randomized controlled trials of thrombolysis may have a different symptom severity distribution than those treated in routine clinical practice.

Methods:

We compared the distribution of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, neurological symptoms/severity among patients enrolled in the PRISMS (Potential of r-tPA for Ischemic Strokes With Mild Symptoms) randomized controlled trial to those with NIHSS score ≤5 enrolled in the prospective MaRISS (Mild and Rapidly Improving Stroke Study) registry using global
P
values from χ
2
analyses.

Results:

Among 1736 participants in MaRISS, 972 (56%) were treated with alteplase and 764 (44%) were not. These participants were compared with 313 patients randomized in PRISMS. The median NIHSS scores were 3 (2–4) in MaRISS alteplase-treated, 1 (1–3) in MaRISS non–alteplase-treated, and 2 (1–3) in PRISMS. The percentage with an NIHSS score of 0 to 2 was 36.3%, 73.3%, and 65.2% in the 3 groups, respectively (
P
<0.0001). The proportion of patients with a dominant neurological syndrome (≥1 NIHSS item score of ≥2) was higher in MaRISS alteplase-treated (32%) compared with MaRISS nonalteplase-treated (13.8%) and PRISMS (8.6%;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Patients randomized in PRISMS had comparable deficit and syndromic severity to patients not treated with alteplase in the MaRISS registry and lesser severity than patients treated with alteplase in MaRISS. The PRISMS trial cohort is representative of mild patients who do not receive alteplase in current broad clinical practice.
Reanalyses and a High-Resolution Model Fail to Capture the “High Tail” of CAPE Distributions
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Franke James A. , Luo Zhenqi , Moyer Elisabeth J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConvective available potential energy (CAPE) is of strong interest in climate modeling because of its role in both severe weather and in model construction. Extreme levels of CAPE (>2000 J kg−1) are associated with high-impact weather events, and CAPE is widely used in convective parameterizations to help determine the strength and timing of convection. However, to date few studies have systematically evaluated CAPE biases in models in a climatological context, and none have addressed bias in the high tail of CAPE distributions. This work compares CAPE distributions in ~200 000 summertime proximity soundings from four sources: the observational radiosonde network [Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA)], 0.125° reanalyses (ERA-Interim and ERA5), and a 4-km convection-permitting regional WRF simulation driven by ERA-Interim. Both reanalyses and the WRF Model consistently show too-narrow distributions of CAPE, with the high tail (>90th percentile) systematically biased low by up to 10% in surface-based CAPE and even more in alternate CAPE definitions. This “missing tail” corresponds to the most impacts-relevant conditions. CAPE bias in all datasets is driven by surface temperature and humidity: reanalyses and the WRF Model underpredict observed cases of extreme heat and moisture. These results suggest that reducing inaccuracies in land surface and boundary layer models is critical for accurately reproducing CAPE.
Variability of Tropical Cyclone Landfalls in China
Authors: Shan Kaiyue , Yu Xiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reported decreasing trend of the annual tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls in southern China and increasing trend in southeastern China in recent decades are confirmed to be an abrupt shift occurring at the end of the twentieth century, based on a statistical analysis. The opposite trends in the two adjacent regions are often considered to be a result of tropical cyclone landfalls in southern China being deflected northward. However, it is demonstrated in this study that they are phenomenally independent. In fact, the abrupt decrease of TC landfalls in southern China occurs as a result of an abrupt decrease of the westward events in the postpeak season (October–December), which in turn is a consequence of a significant decrease of the TC genesis frequency in the southeastern part of the western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean basin. On the other hand, the abrupt increase of TC landfalls in southeastern China occurs because of an abrupt increase of the northwest events in the peak season (July–September), as the consequence of a statistically westward shift of TC genesis. The relevant variations of TC genesis are shown to be mainly caused by decreased relative vorticity and increased vertical wind shear, which, however, are intrinsically related to the accelerated zonal atmospheric circulation driven by a La Niña–like sea surface warming pattern over the WNP that developed after the end of twentieth century.
Global trends in downward surface solar radiation from spatial interpolated ground observations during 1961-2019
Authors: Yuan Menghan , Leirvik Thomas , Wild Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDownward surface solar radiation (SSR) is a crucial component of the Global Energy Balance, affecting temperature and the hydrological cycle profoundly, and it provides crucial information about climate change. Many studies have examined SSR trends, however they are often concentrated on specific regions due to limited spatial coverage of ground based observation stations. To overcome this spatial limitation, this study performs a spatial interpolation based on a machine learning method, Random Forest, to interpolate monthly SSR anomalies using a number of climatic variables (various temperature indices, cloud coverage, etc.), time point indicators (years and months of SSR observations), and geographical characteristics of locations (latitudes, longitudes, etc). The predictors that provide the largest explanatory power for interannual variability arediurnal temperature rangeandcloud coverage. The output of the spatial interpolation is a 0:5° ×0:5° monthly gridded dataset of SSR anomalies with complete land coverage over the period 1961-2019, which is used afterwards in a comprehensive trend analysis fori)each continent separately, andii)the entire globe.The continental level analysis reveals the major contributors to the global dimming and brightening. In particular, the global dimming before the 1980s is primarily dominated by negative trends in Asia and North America, while Europe and Oceania have been the two largest contributors to the brightening after 1982 and up until 2019.
An energy budget framework to understand mechanisms of land–ocean warming contrast induced by increasing greenhouse gases Part I: Near-equilibrium state
Authors: Toda Masaki , Watanabe Masahiro , Yoshimori Masakazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModeling studies have shown that surface air temperature (SAT) increase in response to an increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration is larger over land than over ocean. This so-called land–ocean warming contrast, φ, defined as the land–mean SAT change divided by the ocean-mean SAT change, is a striking feature of global warming. Small heat capacity over land is unlikely the sole cause because the land-ocean warming contrast is found in the equilibrium state of CO2 doubling experiments.Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the land–ocean warming contrast, but the comprehensive understanding has not yet been obtained. In Part I of this study, we propose a framework to diagnose φ based on energy budgets at the top of atmosphere and for the atmosphere, which enables the decomposition of contributions from effective radiative forcing (ERF), climate feedback, heat capacity, and atmospheric energy transport anomaly to φ. Using this framework, we analyzed the SAT response to an abrupt CO2 quadrupling using 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth system models. In the near-equilibrium state (years 121-150), φ is 1.49 ± 0.11, which is primarily induced by the land–ocean difference in ERF and heat capacity. We found that contributions from ERF, feedback, and energy transport anomaly tend to cancel each other, leading to a small inter-model spread of φ compared to the large spread of individual components. In the equilibrium state without heat capacity contribution, ERF and energy transport anomaly are the major contributors to φ, which shows a weak negative correlation with the equilibrium climate sensitivity.
Toward All-Sky Assimilation of Microwave Temperature Sounding Channels in Environment Canada’s Global Deterministic Weather Prediction System
Authors: Shahabadi Maziar Bani , Buehner Mark 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The all-sky assimilation of radiances from microwave instruments is developed in the 4D-EnVar analysis system at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Assimilation of cloud-affected radiances from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) temperature sounding channels 4 and 5 for non-precipitating scenes over the ocean surface is the focus of this study. Cloud-affected radiances are discarded in the ECCC operational data assimilation system due to the limitations of forecast model physics, radiative transfer models, and the strong nonlinearity of the observation operator. In addition to using symmetric estimate of innovation standard deviation for quality control, a state-dependent observation error inflation is employed at the analysis stage. The background-state clouds are scaled by a factor of 0.5 to compensate for a systematic overestimation by the forecast model before being used in the observation operator. The changes in the fit of the background state to observations show mixed results. The number of AMSU-A channels 4 and 5 assimilated observations in the all-sky experiment is 5%–12% higher than in the operational system. The all-sky approach improves temperature analysis when verified against ECMWF operational analysis in the areas where the extra cloud-affected observations were assimilated. Statistically significant reductions in error standard deviation by 1%–4% for the analysis and forecasts of temperature, specific humidity, and horizontal wind speed up to maximum 4 days were achieved in the all-sky experiment in the lower troposphere. These improvements result mainly from the use of cloud information for computing the observation-minus-background departures. The operational implementation of all-sky assimilation is planned for the fall of 2021.
Aggressive B-cell lymphoma cases with 11q aberration patterns indicate a spectrum beyond Burkitt-like lymphoma
Authors: Gebauer Niklas , Witte Hanno M. , Merz Hartmut , Oschlies Ilske , Klapper Wolfram , Caliebe Almuth , Tharun Lars , Spielmann Malte , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Feller Alfred C. , Murga Penas Eva M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recent characterization of a group of non-MYC rearranged aggressive B-cell lymphomas, resembling Burkitt lymphoma (BL), characteristically harboring a telomeric 11q loss or combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern has led to the introduction of the provisional entity of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration (BLL-11q). Prompted by the discovery of a telomeric 11q loss in an HIV+ high-grade B-cell lymphoma patient, we investigated an extended cohort of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, enriched for cases with histopathological features intermediate between DLBCL and BL, including double- and triple-hit lymphomas (n = 47), for 11q loss/combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We provide first evidence that 11q aberrations can be found in both BLL in the context of an underlying HIV infection as well as in high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements. We therefore propose that the clinicopathological spectrum of malignancies carrying this aberration may be broader than previously assumed.
Structuring of plant communities across agricultural landscape mosaics: the importance of connectivity and the scale of effect
Authors: McLeish Michael , Peláez Adrián , Pagán Israel , Gavilán Rosario , Fraile Aurora , García-Arenal Fernando 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlant communities of fragmented agricultural landscapes, are subject to patch isolation and scale-dependent effects. Variation in configuration, composition, and distance from one another affect biological processes of disturbance, productivity, and the movement ecology of species. However, connectivity and spatial structuring among these diverse communities are rarely considered together in the investigation of biological processes. Spatially optimised predictor variables that are based on informed measures of connectivity among communities, offer a solution to untangling multiple processes that drive biodiversity.ResultsTo address the gap between theory and practice, a novel spatial optimisation method that incorporates hypotheses of community connectivity, was used to estimate the scale of effect of biotic and abiotic factors that distinguish plant communities. We tested: (1) whether different hypotheses of connectivity among sites was important to measuring diversity and environmental variation among plant communities; and (2) whether spatially optimised variables of species relative abundance and the abiotic environment among communities were consistent with diversity parameters in distinguishing four habitat types; namely Crop, Edge, Oak, and Wasteland. The global estimates of spatial autocorrelation, which did not consider environmental variation among sites, indicated significant positive autocorrelation under four hypotheses of landscape connectivity. The spatially optimised approach indicated significant positive and negative autocorrelation of species relative abundance at fine and broad scales, which depended on the measure of connectivity and environmental variation among sites.ConclusionsThese findings showed that variation in community diversity parameters does not necessarily correspond to underlying spatial structuring of species relative abundance. The technique used to generate spatially-optimised predictors is extendible to incorporate multiple variables of interest along with a priori hypotheses of landscape connectivity. Spatially-optimised variables with appropriate definitions of connectivity might be better than diversity parameters in explaining functional differences among communities.