bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Cascade Annulation Approach for Modular Assembly of Alkynyl/Benzoyl Functionalized Quinolines
Authors: Tang Qiang , Yuan Meng , Duan Jiahui , Xu Keke , Li Ruxue , Xie Mengqing , Kong Shuwen , He Xinwei , Shang Yongjia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA concise and efficient synthetic method for alkynyl quinolines through TfOH‐promoted cascade 1,4‐conjugate addition/intramolecular annulation/aromatization process is established. By virtue of reactive aza‐o‐AQM (in situ generated from modular propargylamine), this reaction proceeds smoothly to afford a variety of alkynyl quinolines in good to excellent yields. This transition‐metal‐free process features halogen groups tolerance, such as the −Cl, −Br, and −I groups; thus, this protocol circumvents the inherent shortcomings of the existing Sonogashira coupling of halogenated quinolines.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Double Addition of Kojic Acids to 2‐Nitroallylic Carbonates
Authors: Kovalevsky Ruslan A. , Smirnov Maxim V. , Kucherenko Alexander S. , Bykova Kseniya A. , Shikina Elizaveta V. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2‐Nitroallylic carbonates were first applied as promising bis‐electrophilic C3 synthons for bifunctional squaramide catalyzed asymmetric domino reaction with kojic acid derivatives to afford so far inaccessible nitro compounds bearing two hydroxypyranone units. The reaction products undergo non‐catalytic epimerization at the carbon atom next to the nitro group. Plausible mechanism of the epimerization based on reversible formation of intermediate aci‐nitro compound is proposed. The double addition products were transformed to configurationally stable acetates and to chiral nitro glutarates, promising precursors to chiral amino glutaric acid derivatives.
Recent advances of energy storage technologies for grid: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rahman Md. Arafat , Kim Jin‐Hyuk , Hossain Shakhawat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnergy storage is an idea that dates back over two thousand years. Engineers, investors, and politicians are increasingly researching energy storage solutions in response to growing concerns about fossil fuels' environmental effects as well as the capacity and reliability of global power systems. Various energy storage technologies are explored in depth in this study, with a focus on their application to the energy storage of electric grids. Specific consideration is paid to a few chosen technologies including flywheel energy storage, pumped hydro energy storage, compressed air energy storage, thermal energy storage in molten salt, hydrogen energy storage, battery energy storages, and capacitor and supercapacitor energy storage. Furthermore, this article delves into the concept of energy storage, focusing on a comprehensive examination of various deployments of these technologies around the world. Some of the barriers to commercial adoption of energy storage technologies, as well as the future, are covered in the article’s conclusion.
3D‐printed microneedles with open groove channels for liquid extraction
Authors: Leng Fang , Zheng Mengjia , Xu Chenjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) offer a simple and minimally invasive way to sample skin interstitial fluid for bioanalysis. Through the integration with portable or wearable sensing devices, it allows us to get qualitative information about some biomarkers in situ. This work is to show a MN platform with open groove channels that are manufactured using photopolymerization 3D printing. The grooves on the needle surface permit that liquid flows from the tips to the base under the influence of capillary force. The ultimate MN device can penetrate skin and tissues and sample liquid in the skin model. By taking the glucose as the model biomarker, we demonstrate that the biomarkers in the extracted liquid can be analyzed in situ by the commercial test strips attached to the back.
Effects of different phosphorus‐free water‐retaining agents on the quality of frozen tilapia fillets
Authors: Li Min , Luo Jing , Zhang Ying , Zhang Ke , Guan Zhi Qiang , Ling Chang Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTilapia is an economically important fish worldwide, but its quality is affected by storage practices. To improve the quality of tilapia fillets during frozen storage, we examined the effect of pretreatment with various combinations of different concentrations of trehalose, potassium bicarbonate, and chitosan. Following pretreatment, we analyzed the tilapia fillets using quality indicators, including soaking weight gain, coating weight gain, water‐holding capacity, thawing loss, pH, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and texture characteristics. Water distribution was analyzed using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and the optimal combination of water‐retaining agents was obtained using an L8(27) orthogonal experiment. The results showed that trehalose, potassium bicarbonate, and chitosan improved fillet quality at pretreatment concentrations of 5%–8%, 1.0%, and 0.5%, respectively. The optimal combination was 4% trehalose plus 1.2% potassium bicarbonate plus 0.2% chitosan. The Ca2+‐ATPase activity and mastication property of the frozen fillets that were pretreated with the optimized formulation were 1.39 μmol Pi/mg protein·h and 8.55 mJ, respectively, which were 43.3% and 80.0% greater, respectively, than that of the control group. Using a suitable concentration and combination of water‐retaining agents cannot only lock‐in the internal water content of frozen tilapia fillets but also improve their quality during frozen storage. These results can inform practical storage practices of similar aquatic products.
Influence of cooking process on the content of water‐soluble B vitamins in rice marketed in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad , Alizadeh Sani Mahmood , Amini Mohsen , Shariatifar Nabi , Alikord Mahsa , Arabameri Majid , Chalipour Anita , Hazrati Reziabad Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cooking method on thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), and pyridoxine (B6) vitamin content of rice samples consumed in Iran by using high‐performance liquid chromatography technique. The amount of B1, B2, and B6 obtained ranged from 2.98 to 15.89, 1.15 to 22.19, and 0.96 to 4.44 μg/g, respectively, for the boiling method. In the traditional method, these vitamins had a concentration between 4.09 and 29.55, 4.87 and 16.19, and 1.52 and 12.18 μg/g, respectively. However, limit of detection (LOD) values for B1, B2, and B6 vitamins were 0.159, 0.090, and 0.041 μg/ml, respectively. Multivariate methods and heatmap visualization were applied to estimate the correlation among the type and amount of vitamins and cooking methods. According to heatmap findings, B1 and B6 vitamins and the cooking method had the closest accessions, representing that this variable had similar trends. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the traditional cooking method can maintain more vitamins in rice samples.
Plasma 5‐HIAA activity indicative of serotonergic disturbances in cognitively impaired, elderly patients experiencing postoperative delirium
Authors: Heylen Annelies , Vermeiren Yannick , De Rooij Sophia E. , Scholtens Rikie M. , Van Munster Barbara C. , Van Dam Debby , De Deyn Peter P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesDelirium frequently arises in older demented and non‐demented patients in postoperative, clinical settings. To date, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Monoamine neurotransmitter alterations have been linked to delirium and cognitive impairment. Our aim was to investigate if this holds true in cognitively normal and impaired patients experiencing delirium following hip surgery.MethodsMonoamines and metabolites were measured in plasma samples of 181 individuals by means of reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Delirium and delirium severity were scored with the Confusion Assessment Method and Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐1998. Cognitive function was assessed using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline and the Mini‐Mental State Examination, multimorbidity with the Charlson Comorbidity Index.ResultsPlasma 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), the major metabolite of serotonin (5‐HT), was significantly higher in delirious and non‐delirious cognitively impaired subjects as compared to control individuals without delirium and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001 andp = 0.007), which remained highly significant after excluding patients taking psychotropic medication (p < 0.0001 andp = 0.003). No significant differences were found for cognitively normal delirious patients, although serotonergic levels were numerically higher compared to control counterparts.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a general serotonergic disturbance in delirious and non‐delirious postoperative patients suffering from cognitive impairment. We observed a similar, but less pronounced difference in delirious patients, which suggests serotonergic disturbances may be further aggravated by the co‐occurrence of delirium and cognitive impairment.
Fear of COVID‐19 contagion and consumption: Evidence from a survey of Italian households
Authors: Immordino Giovanni , Jappelli Tullio , Oliviero Tommaso , Zazzaro Alberto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing a new survey of Italian households, we study the effect of fear of COVID‐19 contagion and income risk on consumption. The survey elicits individual‐level indicators of fear of contagion, distinguishing between worries while working, shopping, traveling, eating out and meeting relatives or friends. We find that the probabilities of consumption drops and increased saving after the pandemics are positively associated to fear of contagion, particularly while shopping. Income uncertainty also contributes to savings increase and consumption drop. Our findings suggest that fear of contagion and income risk limits the effectiveness of policies aimed at stimulating consumption during the pandemic.
Serum Proteomics Uncovers Biomarkers of Clinical Portal Hypertension in Children With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Osborn Julie , Mourya Reena , Thanekar Unmesha , Su Weizhe , Fei Lin , Shivakumar Pranavkumar , Bezerra Jorge A. 
Published: December 2021

Children with biliary atresia (BA) often develop portal hypertension (PHT) and its complications, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to identify serum biomarkers of PHT by using large‐scale proteomics. We applied the slow off‐rate modified aptamer scan (SOMAscan) to measure 1,305 proteins in serum samples of children with BA with and without clinical evidence of PHT in validation and discovery cohorts enrolled in the Biliary Atresia Study of Infants and Children. Serum proteomics data was analyzed using logistic regression to identify protein(s) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) ≥ 0.90. Immunostaining was used to characterize the cellular localization of the new biomarker proteins in liver tissues. We identified nine proteins in the discovery cohort (n = 40 subjects) and five proteins in the validation cohort (n = 80 subjects) that individually or in combination predicted clinical PHT with AUROCs ≥ 0.90. Merging the two cohorts, we found that semaphorin 6B (SEMA6B) alone and three other protein combinations (SEMA6B+secreted frizzle protein 3 [SFRP3], SEMA6B+COMM domain containing 7 [COMMD7], and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [VCAM1]+BMX nonreceptor tyrosine kinase [BMX]) had AUROCs ≥ 0.90 in both cohorts, with high positive‐ and negative‐predictive values. Immunostaining of the new protein biomarkers showed increased expression in hepatic endothelial cells, cholangiocytes, and immune cells within portal triads in BA livers with clinical PHT compared to healthy livers. Conclusion: Large‐scale proteomics identified SEMA6B, SFRP3, COMMD7, BMX, and VCAM1 as biomarkers highly associated with clinical PHT in BA. The expression of the biomarkers in hepatic epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells support their potential role in the pathophysiology of PHT.
When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Racine Nicole , Eirich Rachel , Cooke Jessica , Zhu Jenney , Pador Paolo , Dunnewold Nicole , Madigan Sheri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParents have experienced considerable challenges and stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which may impact their well‐being. This meta‐analysis sought to identify: (1) the prevalence of depression and anxiety in parents of young children (<age 5) during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and (2) sociodemographic (e.g., parent age, being racially minoritized) and methodological moderators (e.g., study quality) that explain heterogeneity among studies. A systematic search was conducted across four databases from January 1, 2020 to March 3, 2021. A total of 18 non‐overlapping studies (8981 participants), all focused on maternal mental health, met inclusion criteria. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted. Pooled prevalence estimates for clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms for mothers of young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic were 26.9% (95% CI: 21.3–33.4) and 41.9% (95% CI: 26.7–58.8), respectively. Prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in Europe and North America and among older mothers. Clinically elevated depressive symptoms were lower in studies with a higher percentage of individuals who were racially minoritized. In comparison, clinically elevated anxiety symptoms were higher among studies of low study quality and in samples with highly educated mothers. Policies and resources targeting improvements in maternal mental health are essential.
The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on immune responses and intracellular metabolic pathways of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells from lean and obese mice
Authors: Cho Da Hye , Lee Ga Young , An Jeong Hee , Han Sung Nim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVitamin D affects differentiation, maturation, and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Obesity‐related immune dysfunction is associated with metabolic changes in immune cells. Objectives of the study are to investigate the effects of vitamin D and obesity on immune responses and markers related to immunometabolism of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from lean and obese mice, and BMDCs were generated by culturing BMCs with rmGM‐CSF. BMDCs were treated with 1 or 10 nM of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and maturation was induced by LPS (50 ng/ml) stimulation for 24 hr. Cell phenotypes, cytokine productions, and expression of proteins and genes involved in Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and glycolytic pathway were determined. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment inhibited differentiation of BMDCs (CD11c+ %), expression of phenotypes related with DC function (MHC class II and CD86) and production of IL‐12p70 in both lean and obese mice. The expression of PD‐L1 and the ratio of IL‐10/IL‐12p70 were increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. With 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was suppressed, and expression of genes related to glycolysis (Glut1, Pfkfb4, and Hif1A) was increased. The upregulation of glycolysis‐related genes observed with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment seems to be associated with the induction of tolerogenic features of BMDCs from lean and obese mice, and Hif1A seems to have a potential role in conveying the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on glycolysis.
Analysis of changes of cavity volumes in predefined directions of protein motions and cavity flexibility
Authors: Barletta German P. , Barletta Matias , Saldaño Tadeo E. , Fernandez‐Alberti Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDynamics of protein cavities associated with protein fluctuations and conformational plasticity is essential for their biological function. NMR ensembles, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and normal mode analysis (NMA) provide appropriate frameworks to explore functionally relevant protein dynamics and cavity changes relationships. Within this context, we have recently developed analysis of null areas (ANA), an efficient method to calculate cavity volumes. ANA is based on a combination of algorithms that guarantees its robustness against numerical differentiations. This is a unique feature with respect to other methods. Herein, we present an updated and improved version that expands it use to quantify changes in cavity features, like volume and flexibility, due to protein structural distortions performed on predefined biologically relevant directions, for example, directions of largest contribution to protein fluctuations (principal component analysis [PCA modes]) obtained by MD simulations or ensembles of NMR structures, collective NMA modes or any other direction of motion associated with specific conformational changes. A web page has been developed where its facilities are explained in detail. First, we show that ANA can be useful to explore gradual changes of cavity volume and flexibility associated with protein ligand binding. Secondly, we perform a comparison study of the extent of variability between protein backbone structural distortions, and changes in cavity volumes and flexibilities evaluated for an ensemble of NMR active and inactive conformers of the epidermal growth factor receptor structures. Finally, we compare changes in size and flexibility between sets of NMR structures for different homologous chains of dynein.
Facile synthesis of zwitterionic surfactant‐assisted molybdenum oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Ishtiaq Aisha , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar , Rehman Atta ur , Karim Shafqat , Chong Kok‐Keong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by chemical reduction method and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) was synthesized by sol–gel method, separately. Molybdenum oxide/reduced graphene oxide (MoO3/rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized by sol–gel method followed by sonication method in the presence of zwitterionic surfactant, myristyl sulfobetaine (SB3‐14) at its critical micelle concentration. The optical properties of nanocomposite were studied by calculating the bandgap. The average crystallite size of the nanocomposite was calculated as 22.16 nm using XRD. Direct allowed bandgap of MoO3/rGO nanocomposite was found 3.69 eV and its photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of sunlight showed 97.64% degradation against methylene blue. Antimicrobial activities were also checked against different bacterial strains.
Diagnostic value of periostin in lung cancer‐related malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Zhang Jinjin , Zha Tongtong , Zhang Na , Sun Gengyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is overexpressed in lung cancer and is considered an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of POSTN and to further evaluate the diagnostic value of POSTN combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer ratio [CR: serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (PE ADA)] in lung cancer‐related malignant PE (MPE).MethodsA total of 108 patients with PE, including 54 with lung cancer and 54 with benign lung disease, were enrolled in this study. The POSTN levels of PE and serum were detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Information on the expression of PE and serum CEA, serum LDH, and PE ADA was collected from medical records.ResultsThe levels of PE POSTN in MPE of patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign PE (p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PE POSTN for lung cancer‐related MPE were respectively 77.78% and 68.52% when the cutoff value was determined to be 53.45 ng/ml. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PE POSTN has a high diagnostic value in MPE associated with lung cancer [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.764], and the combination of PE POSTN, PE CEA, and CR can improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer‐related MPE (AUC = 0.948).ConclusionPOSTN can be used as a potential marker for lung cancer‐related MPE diagnosis.
Vertebral morphology in extant porpoises: Radiation and functional implications
Authors: Marchesi María Constanza , Galatius Anders , Zaffino Martina , Coscarella Mariano Alberto , González‐José Rolando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVertebral morphology has profound biomechanical implications and plays an important role in adaptation to different habitats and foraging strategies for cetaceans. Extant porpoise species (Phocoenidae) display analogous evolutionary patterns in both hemispheres associated with convergent evolution to coastal versus oceanic environments. We employed 3D geometric morphometrics to study vertebral morphology in five porpoise species with contrasting habitats: the coastal Indo‐Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides); the mostly coastal harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and Burmeister's porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis); and the oceanic spectacled porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica) and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli). We evaluated the radiation of vertebral morphology, both in size and shape, using multivariate statistics. We supplemented data with samples of an early‐radiating delphinoid species, the narwhal (Monodon monoceros); and an early‐radiating delphinid species, the white‐beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris). Principal component analyses were used to map shape variation onto phylogenies, and phylogenetic constraints were investigated through permutation tests. We established links between vertebral morphology and movement patterns through biomechanical inferences from morphological presentations. We evidenced divergence in size between species with contrasting habitats, with coastal species tending to decrease in size from their estimated ancestral state, and oceanic species tending to increase in size. Regarding vertebral shape, coastal species had longer centra and shorter neural processes, but longer transverse processes, while oceanic species tended to have disk‐shaped vertebrae with longer neural processes. Within Phocoenidae, the absence of phylogenetic constraints in vertebral morphology suggests a high level of evolutionary lability. Overall, our results are in accordance with the hypothesis of speciation within the family from a coastal ancestor, through adaptation to particular habitats. Variation in vertebral morphology in this group of small odontocetes highlights the importance of environmental complexity and particular selective pressures for the speciation process through the development of adaptations that minimize energetic costs during locomotion and prey capture.
Radiofrequency ablation on the right ventricular septum changed a bundle branch block pattern of a ventricular tachycardia: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Takasugi Nobuhiro , Yamada Takumi , Naruse Genki , Nakashima Takashi , Kanamori Hiromitsu , Okura Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a left bundle branch block (BBB) pattern exhibited the earliest activation (EA) at the left ventricular basal septum near the His bundle with no excellent pace map (PM). Radiofrequency ablation at the right ventricular basal septum (opposite site of the EA site) changed the QRS morphology of VT to a right BBB pattern that matched a PM at the opposite site in the left ventricle. VT ablation was successful at the earliest activation site. The VT should have originated from an intramural origin with preferential pathways to the endocardial breakout sites in the right and left ventricular septum.