bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisource information fusion strategies of mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data for authenticating the age and parts of Vietnamese ginseng
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Wan‐Yi , Zuo Zhi‐Tian , Wang Yuan‐Zhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming at two different classification tasks in the field of quality evaluation of valuable Chinese herbal medicine, the applicability of data fusion strategy based on different complementary analysis techniques was studied. In this study, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF/MS) were used to analyze the different parts (including roots, stems, leaves, and fibrils) of 2‐to 5‐year‐old Vietnamese ginseng. The multivariate classification models (orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis, OPLS‐DA; support vector machine, SVM) were established using low‐level and mid‐level data fusion methods to identify different parts and age of Vietnamese ginseng. The OPLS‐DA model have shown that the fusion data matrix with low‐level fusion processing could separate Vietnamese ginseng samples with different growth years to the greatest extent, whereas the single data matrix had partial overlap. But 100% of prediction set classification accuracy could be achieved. The SVM model combined with two parameter optimization algorithms (grid search, GS; genetic algorithm, GA) was used to identify Vietnamese ginseng samples with different ages. The mid‐level fusion strategy based on the recursive feature elimination (RFE) features variable extraction method was more suitable for SVM model. In the model established by combining the two parameter optimization methods, the identification effect can reach 83.33%. The results showed that data fusion, as an effective strategy, could distinguish different ages and parts of Vietnamese ginseng.
A Spiral Graphene Framework Containing Highly Ordered Graphene Microtubes for Polymer Composites with Superior Through‐Plane Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Gong Jinrui , Tan Xue , Yuan Qilong , Liu Zhiduo , Ying Junfeng , Lv Le , Yan Qingwei , Chu Wubo , Xue Chen , Yu Jinhong , Nishimura Kazuhito , Jiang Nan , Lin Cheng‐Te , Dai Wen 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryAs the power density of electronic devices increases, there has been an urgent demand to develop highly conductive polymer composites to address the accompanying thermal management issues. Due to the ultra‐high intrinsic thermal conductivity, graphene is considered a very promising filler to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers. However, graphene‐based polymer composites prepared by the conventional mixing method generally have limited thermal conductivity, even under high graphene loading, due to the failure to construct efficient heat transfer pathways in the polymer matrix. Here, a spiral graphene framework (SGF) containing continuous and highly ordered graphene microtubes was developed based on a modified CVD method. After embedding into the epoxy (EP) matrix, the graphene microtubes can act as efficient heat pathways, endowing the SGF/EP composites with a high through‐plane thermal conductivity of 1.35 W·m−1·K−1 at an ultralow graphene loading of 0.86 wt%. This result gives a thermal conductivity enhancement per 1 wt% filler loading of 710%, significantly outperforming various graphene structures as fillers. In addition, we demonstrated the practical application of the SGF/EP composite as a thermal interface material for efficient thermal management of the light‐emitting diode (LED).
Treatment patterns and outcomes in older patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma: Analyses of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data
Authors: Danese Mark D. , Daumont Melinda , Nwokeji Esmond , Gleeson Michelle , Penrod John R. , Lubeck Deborah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm associated with asbestos exposure. Characterizing treatment patterns and outcomes of older patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is important to understand the unmet needs of this population.AimTo evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes among older patients diagnosed with advanced MPM in the United States between 2007 and 2013.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data linked with Medicare claims. We included patients who were age 66 or older at the time of their primary MPM diagnosis between 2007 and 2013 and followed them through 2014. Treated patients who received first‐line chemotherapy with pemetrexed and platinum within 90 days of diagnosis, second‐line, or third‐line therapy were identified for evaluation of outcomes.ResultsThere were 666 older patients with advanced MPM, of whom 82% were male, 87% White, 78% stage IV, and 70% had no mobility limitation indicators at diagnosis. There were 262 patients who received first‐line chemotherapy for advanced MPM, most of whom (80%; n = 209) received pemetrexed‐platinum. Of these 209 patients, 41% (n = 86) initiated second‐line therapy, and 26% (n = 22) initiated third‐line therapy. Median overall survival for the cohort of 209 patients was 7.2 months. Patients with epithelioid histology had better median overall survival (12.2 months) compared with other histologies (4.4–5.6 months). Within 90 days of diagnosis of advanced MPM, 78% of patients were hospitalized, 52% visited an emergency department, and 21% had hospice care. The 2‐year cost of care was over $100 000 for all patients with advanced MPM treated with first‐line pemetrexed‐platinum.ConclusionsAlthough first‐line systemic anticancer treatment was generally consistent with guidelines (e.g., pemetrexed‐platinum), poor patient outcomes highlight the need for effective treatment options for older patients with advanced MPM.
Efficiency‐Enhanced Scalable Organic Photovoltaics Using Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Yakoob Mohammed A. , Lamminaho Jani , Petersons Karlis , Prajapati Ashish , Destouesse Elodie , Patil Bhushan R. , Rubahn Horst‐Günter , Shalev Gil , Stensborg Jan , Madsen Morten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLight‐trapping nanostructures have for decades been researched as a route to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Whereas the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs have reached above 18 %, industrially compatible devices made by scalable processing in air, using only nontoxic solvents and materials, have shown significantly lower performance values. Although light‐trapping nanostructures may improve this, the methods for integrating the nanostructures are typically not compatible with industrial scale up. In this work, scalable, industrially compatible, nonfullerene‐based OSCs are developed with integrated light‐trapping nanostructures at the back electrodes in the devices. The OSCs are made by using scalable roll‐to‐roll (R2R) and sheet‐to‐sheet (S2S) processes and the nanostructures are made by using roll‐to‐plate (R2P) nanoimprint lithography. A fully scalable solution is thereby developed for industrially compatible nanostructured OSCs. The nanostructured devices show enhancements in PCE up to 25 % compared to reference cells, owing to an enhancement in the short‐circuit current density (15 %) by enhanced absorption, and improved charge carrier extraction leading to an enhancement in the fill factor (7 %). Optical modeling is utilized to verify the optical effect of the nanostructures. The best devices attain a PCE of 6.5 %, which is the highest reported efficiency for air‐processed slot‐die coated ITO‐free flexible PBDB‐T : ITIC devices, here using nontoxic solvents.
Global patterns of particulate organic carbon export from land to the ocean
Authors: Li Mingxu , Peng Changhui , He Nianpeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal rivers and streams are important carbon transport pathways from land to the ocean. However, few studies have quantified terrigenous carbon dynamics in river ecosystems and its variations due to climate change and anthropogenic perturbations. Therefore, our study analysed fluvial particulate organic carbon (POC) and developed a processed‐based model (TRIPLEX‐HYDRA) to simulate the production, transport and removal (i.e., deposition, degradation and dam retention) processes of fluvial POC along the land–ocean aquatic continuum (LOAC). Based on our results, approximately 0.29 Pg of POC is exported from land to the ocean through rivers each year. More specifically, we found that rivers at low latitudes (30°S–30°N, 0.18 Pg yr−1) and high northern latitudes (60°N–90°N, 0.05 Pg yr−1) had higher POC fluxes compared to rivers in other regions. This high POC flux is related to strong erosion rates and high soil organic carbon storage. Additionally, our model simulation revealed that total POC flux from global river has not significantly changed from 1983 to 2015 but displays markedly decreased or increased trend at regional scale. These regional variations in POC export are affected by climate warming and dam construction. Moreover, approximately 0.46 Pg of POC is deposited or trapped by dams along the LOAC system, which plays a vital role in the global river carbon budget. Although some limitations and uncertainties remain, this study establishes a theoretical and methodological basis for quantifying riverine POC dynamics in the LOAC system.
Multifunctions of fine root phenology in vegetative and reproductive growth in mature beech forest ecosystems
Authors: Nakahata Ryo , Naramoto Masaaki , Sato Masako , Mizunaga Hiromi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMasting, a large interannual variation of reproductive investment spatially synchronized within perennial plants, is an important factor for understanding the use and storage of carbon and nutrient resources in various forest ecosystems. Fine roots play essential roles in water and nutrient uptake but also consume a large amount of net primary production (NPP) during growth. Understanding masting mechanisms requires knowledge of how masting trees succeed in abundant fructification by adjusting resource acquisition via fine roots and how mast seeding influences fine root dynamics. The aims of the present study were to estimate interannual variations in NPP, including belowground production, over several years while evaluating fine root phenology and to suggest possible relationships between fine root growth and the production of nuts, leaves, and woody biomass in mature forest ecosystems. Nut and leaf production was quantified using litter traps in two beech forests located at different altitudes of 550 and 1500 m, and woody biomass increment was estimated using allometric equations. Seasonal and mass‐based annual fine root production was determined using minirhizotrons and soil cores. Correlations between seasonal fine root and aboveground production were analyzed using the state‐space model, which can verify masting effects on fine root production between flower bud formation and mast seeding. NPP estimates exhibited almost biennial or irregular masting behavior. Nut production was positively correlated with fine root production in autumn of the previous year in the lower site but showed negative correlations with that in the early growing season of the same year in the upper site. The former indicated enhanced fine root production to absorb nutrients prior to mast seeding, and the latter suggested the suppression of fine root production due to resource depletion during masting. Fine root production increased with increasing leaf production in the early growing season in both sites, indicating the corresponding water transport between them. Thus, fine root phenology has distinct multiple functions to ensure water and nutrient resources in supporting aboveground vegetative and reproductive growth, resulting in variable seasonal patterns of fine root production.
Mechanistic Insights into the Organocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Oxazinones through Alcoholysis
Authors: Trujillo Cristina , Cronin Sarah A. , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA complete computational study has been performed in order to rationalise the results of a new organocatalytic approach to the kinetic resolution of 4‐substituted oxazinones which results in highly enantioenriched and orthogonally‐protected β‐amino acids. DFT‐analysis elucidated the preferable binding orientation of the 4‐oxazinone under study, predicted the formation of the observed majorRproduct with a calculatedeein good agreement with the experimental data and allowed a complete mechanistic and stereochemical understanding of the catalysis. The alcoholytic kinetic resolution of a 7‐memebered ring analogue to generate enantioenrichedγ‐amino acids was experimentally and computationally investigated for the first time.
The clinical course of neck pain: Are trajectory patterns stable over a 1‐year period?
Authors: Irgens Pernille , Myhrvold Birgitte Lawaetz , Kongsted Alice , Waagan Knut , Engebretsen Kaia Beck , Vøllestad Nina Køpke , Robinson Hilde Stendal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies with data‐driven approaches have established common pain trajectories. It is uncertain whether these trajectory patterns are consistent over time, and if a shorter measurement period will provide accurate trajectories.MethodsWe included 1,124 patients with non‐specific neck pain in chiropractic practice. We classified patients into pre‐defined trajectory patterns in each of four quarters of the follow‐up year (persistent, episodic, and recovery) based on measures of pain intensity and frequency from weekly SMS. We explored the shifts between patterns and compared patients with stable and shifting patterns on baseline characteristics and clinical findings.Results785 (70%) patients were in the same pattern in 1st and 4th quarters. Patients with episodic pattern in the 1st quarter shifted to other patterns more frequently than patients in the other patterns. A stable persistent pattern was associated with reduced function and higher scores on psychosocial factors. There was a decreased frequency of patients classified as persistent pattern (75% to 63%) and an increase of patients in recovery pattern (4% to 15%) throughout the four quarters. The frequency of patients classified as episodic remained relatively stable (21% to 24%).ConclusionsWe found an overall stability of the persistent pattern, and that episodic patterns have more potential for shifts. Shifts mostly occurred between patterns closest in pain variation. The deviation in pattern distribution compared with previous studies suggests that the duration of measurement periods has an impact on the results of the classification.SignificanceHaving persistent pain and having very minor pain is relatively stable over one year, while episodic pain has more potential for shifts. The duration of measurement periods appears to have an impact on the results of the classification. The given criteria resulted in a reduced frequency of episodic pattern due to shorter measurement periods. Our findings contribute to improved understanding and predicting NP using a combination of patient characteristics and trajectory patterns.
A New Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Derived from Aloe Vera Xanthate Nanoparticles to Detect Mercury Ions
Authors: Muthukumaran M. , Waseem Basha Z. , Venkatachalam K. , Rasheeth A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis environmentally benign work describes a simple electrochemical sensor constructed with a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) using aloe vera xanthate nanoparticles to detect mercury ions. The characterization and morphology of nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated using modern techniques. The CMCPE efficiently senses the mercury ions. The limit of detection of mercury ions wasexcellent to the order of 0.231 μg mL−1. Real‐time sample analysis showed promising results. The recovery range was between 99.4 % and 101.7 %. The activity of CMCPE was commendable even after fifty days.
Shaking table tests of a resilient bridge system with precast reinforced concrete columns equipped with springs
Authors: Reggiani Manzo Natalia , Vassiliou Michalis F. , Mouzakis Harris , Badogiannis Efstratios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the shake table test results of a novel system for the design of precast reinforced concrete bridges. The specimen comprises a slab and four precast columns. The connections are dry and the columns are connected to the slab by an ungrouted tendon. One of the tendon ends is anchored above the slab, in series with a stack of washer springs, while the other end is anchored at the bottom of the column. The addition of such a flexible restraining system increases the stability of the system, while keeping it relatively flexible allowing it to experience negative post‐uplift stiffness. It is a form of seismic isolation. Anchoring the tendon within the column, caps the design moment of the foundation, and reduces its size. One hundred and eighty‐one shake table tests were performed. The first 180 caused negligible damage to the specimen, mainly abrasion at the perimeter of the column top ends. Hence, the system proved resilient. The 181stexcitation caused collapse, because the tendons unexpectedly failed at a load less than 50% of their capacity (provided by the manufacturer), due to the failure of their end socket. This highlights the importance of properly designing the tendons. The tests were used to statistically validate a rigid body model. The model performed reasonably well never underestimating the median displacement response of the center of mass of the slab by more than 30%. However, the model cannot predict the torsion rotation of the slab that was observed in the tests and is due to imperfections.
How far have management practices come in ‘working with the river’?
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie , Brierley Gary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe philosophy of ‘working with nature’ and ‘working with the river’ is increasingly embedded in global management practice. However, what does this mean? Has real progress been made in operationalizing what is known, how scientists and practitioners work and how rivers are conceptualized as integral parts of landscapes, culture and society? The first sections of this commentary outline what this philosophy means to us (the authors) and briefly summarize the evolution of associated concepts and principles in recent decades. In the final section, we comment on what we believe needs to be done to ‘work with the river’ in practice. We are communicating to both river scientists and practitioners as a collective when we ask: Will we be brave enough to hold the course in the face of many global challenges, be ready to respond when called upon, and commit to creation of diverse, inclusive and open access communities of practice in geoethical programmes that ‘work with the river’?
Diatom‐inferred microtopography formation in peatlands
Authors: Chen Xu , McGowan Suzanne , Bu Zhao‐Jun , Huang Xian‐Yu , Bai Xue , Zhang Yu‐Ke , Peng Jia , Li Jun‐Lu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeatlands, an important carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, are often characterised by a hummock–hollow microtopography, which has important implications for hydrologic conditions, biotic community structure and carbon cycling. However, dynamics of microtopography formation are poorly understood. Moss‐inhabiting diatoms are sensitive to water table change and may be used to infer microtopography formation. Sixty‐three surface moss samples were collected from four Sphagnum peatlands in the Changbai Mountains (north‐eastern China), covering a water table gradient of 0–55 cm. Ordination analyses revealed that depth to the water table (DWT) was the determinant of diatom distribution, and its sole effect explained 15% of total variance in diatom composition. Accordingly, a diatom‐based water table transfer function was developed using a weighted averaging model with inverse deshrinking (R2 = 0.82, RMSEP = 5.63 cm with leave‐one‐out cross validation), and applied to diatom records of a Sphagnum hummock profile. Quantitative reconstruction of DWT showed that the height of the Sphagnum hummock increased obviously in the early stage and then remained relatively stable when the reconstructed height was more than 35 cm. The results suggested that annual addition of Sphagnum litter exceeded its decomposition during the early stage of hummock formation, and Sphagnum production and decomposition reached equilibrium when the hummock had grown to a certain height. This is the first study to explore dynamics of hummock height using moss‐inhabiting diatoms, and hence provides a novel tool for quantitative reconstruction of microtopography formation in Sphagnum peatlands.
Management of human resources for health in health districts in Uganda: A decision space analysis
Authors: Mansour Wesam , Aryaija‐Karemani Adelaine , Martineau Tim , Namakula Justine , Mubiri Paul , Ssengooba Freddie , Raven Joanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDecentralisation has been adopted by many governments to strengthen national systems, including the health system. Decision space is used to describe the decision‐making power devolved to local government. Human resource Management (HRM) is a challenging area that District Health Management Teams (DHMT) need some control over its functions to develop innovative ways of improving health services. The study aims to examine the use of DHMTs' reported decision space for HRM functions in Uganda.MethodsMixed methods approach was used to examine the DHMTs' reported decision space for HRM functions in three districts in Uganda, which included self‐assessment questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs).ResultsThe decision space available for the DHMTs varied across districts, with Bunyangabu and Ntoroko DHMTs reporting having more control than Kabarole. All DHMTs reported full control over the functions of performance management, monitoring policy implementation, forecasting staffing needs, staff deployment, and identifying capacity needs. However, they reported narrow decision space for developing job descriptions, resources mobilisation, and organising training; and no control over modifying staffing norms, setting salaries and developing an HR information system (HRIS). Nevertheless, DHMTs tried to overcome their limitations by adjusting HR policies locally, better utilising available resources and adapting the HRIS to local needs.ConclusionsDecentralisation provides a critical opportunity to strengthen HRM in low‐and‐middle‐income countries. Examining decision space for HRM functions can help identify areas where district health managers can change or improve their actions. In Uganda, decentralisation helped the DHMTs be more responsive to the local workforce needs and analysing decision space helped identify areas for improvement in HRM. There are some limitations and more power over HRM functions and strong management competencies would help them become more resourceful.