bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of future changes in photovoltaic potential in Australia due to climate change
Authors: Poddar Shukla , Evans Jason P , Kay Merlinde , Prasad Abhnil , Bremner Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources globally. However, the dependency of PV generation on climatological factors such as the intensity of radiation, temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, etc can impact future power generation capacity. Considering the future large-scale deployment of PV systems, accurate climate information is essential for PV site selection, stable grid regulation, planning and energy output projections. In this study, the long-term changes in the future PV potential are estimated over Australia using regional climate projections for the near-future (2020–2039) and far-future (2060–2079) periods under a high emission scenario that projects 3.4 °C warming by 2100. The effects of projected changes in shortwave downwelling radiation, temperature and wind speed on the future performance of PV systems over Australia is also examined. Results indicate decline in the future PV potential over most of the continent due to reduced insolation and increased temperature. Northern coastal Australia experiences negligible increase in PV potential during the far future period due to increase in radiation and wind speed in that region. On further investigation, we find that the cell temperatures are projected to increase in the future under a high emission scenario (2.5 °C by 2079), resulting in increased degradation and risks of failure. The elevated cell temperatures significantly contribute to cell efficiency losses, that are expected to increase in the future (6–13 d yr−1 for multi-crystalline silicon cells) mostly around Western and central Australia indicating further reductions in PV power generation. Therefore, long-term PV power projections can help understand the variations in future power generation and identify regions where PV systems will be highly susceptible to losses in Australia.
Air pollution, human health and climate change: Newspaper coverage of Australian bushfires
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina , Marrone Mauricio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We examine 512 Australian newspaper articles published over a 5-year period (2016 to 2021) that report on air pollution due to bushfire smoke and resulting human health impacts. We analyze to what extent these articles provide information on the possible range of negative health impacts due to bushfire smoke pollution, and to what extent they report on climate change as a driver behind increased bushfire risk. A temporary surge in articles in our sample occurs during the unusually severe 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires. However, most articles are limited to general statements about the health impacts of bushfire smoke, with only 50 articles in the sample (9%) mentioning an explicit link between bushfire smoke inhalation and cardiovascular and respiratory problems or increases in mortality risk. 148 of the 512 articles in the sample (29%) established a connection between bushfire risk and climate change. We carry out a further keyword analysis to identify differences in reporting by Australia’s two main publishing groups (News Corp Australia and Nine Entertainment), which shows that articles in News Corp Australia outlets offered the lowest climate change coverage. We suggest that more detailed communication strategies are needed to strengthen public preparedness for future impacts.
Recent advancements in nonwoven bio-degradable facemasks to ameliorate the post-pandemic environmental impact
Authors: Khan Junaid , Momin Syed Abdul , Mariatti M , Vilay V , Todo M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plastics have become a severe risk to natural ecosystems and human health globally in the last two decades. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, which led to the manufacturing and use of billions of facemasks made from non-biodegradable and petroleum-derived polymers has aggravated the situation further. There is an urgent need to develop bio-degradable facemasks with excellent filtration efficiency and antimicrobial characteristics using scalable technology. This review article aims to provide the fundamentals of mask technology, its environmental footprint, facemask’s lifecycle assessment, conventional manufacturing routes, and state-of-the-art reports on using bio-degradable polymers for facemask applications. The article also focuses on the current challenges of the conventional facemask and the prospects of an ideal facemask that could significantly reduce the ill effects of petroleum-based polymers. The review includes concise information on the basics of polymer biodegradation and standardized tests to evaluate biodegradability. The use of currently available facemasks has been an effective measure to curb the infection rate, however, is a threat to the environment. Reusing the facemask after decontamination is not a solution from a safety perspective as cloth-based facemasks have lower filtration efficiencies which get further reduced with the washing cycle necessitating a shift towards biodegradable facemask. Systematic information is provided through this article to stimulate research on a bio-degradable facemask with excellent filtration efficiency, antimicrobial properties, and cost-effectiveness for global usage.
On topological materials as photocatalysts for water splitting by visible light
Authors: Ranjbar Ahmad , Mirhosseini Hossein , Kühne Thomas D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We performed a virtual materials screening to identify promising topological materials for photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation. Topological compounds were screened based on band gap, band edge energy, and thermodynamics stability criteria. In addition, topological types for our final candidates were computed based on electronic structures calculated usingthe hybrid density functional theory including exact Hartree–Fock exchange. Our final list contains materials which have band gaps between 1.0 and 2.7 eV in addition to band edge energies suitable for water oxidation and reduction. However, the topological types of these compounds calculated with the hybrid functional differ from those reported previously. To that end, we discuss the importance of computational methods for the calculation of atomic and electronic structures in materials screening processes.
Features of ion generation by a picosecond laser in the range of 1011–1013 W cm−2 power densities
Authors: Kondrashev S , Beebe E , Kanesue T , Okamura M , Scott R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Picosecond lasers (ps-lasers) have significant advantages for the generation of low charge state ions compared to nanosecond lasers because the influence of heat conductivity on a solid target is almost negligible in the case of ps-laser ablation for laser pulse durations less than 10 ps. However, there is no comprehensive data on ion yields for different elements and target irradiation conditions for laser power densities at the target surface around and below 1013 W cm−2, which is of interest to our study of such plasmas as a source of low charge state ions for various applications, particularly for external injection of those ions into an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). We investigated ion generation from Al, Ti, Cu, Nb and Ta target elements by a ps-laser with power densities in the range of 1011–1013 W cm−2 at the target surface. A ps-laser with 1.27 mJ maximum energy within an 8 ps pulse and repetition rate up to 400 Hz has been used to generate a laser-ablated plasma. Dependencies of ion current versus time, total charge of registered ions as well as ion kinetic energy distributions are characterized using a Faraday cup. Significant difference in ion current dynamics between first, second and following shots onto the same target spot was found for all five target elements. The total charge of ions registered by the Faraday cup increases linearly with increasing laser pulse energy and is almost independent of the target element and number of shots onto the same target spot for all five target elements studied. The results obtained give us a basis for specification and design of the source of low charge state ions for external injection into EBIS.
Localizing the Responsibility to Protect in Civil Society: Paving the Road to Norm Degeneration?
Authors: Gilgan Chloe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is the relevant framework for state responses to mass atrocities, which are ongoing in Syria. This article examines how that framework has been localized by civil society and the effects of that localization. Using an empirical case study of the UK’s responses to Syrian refugees during 2014–16, the research demonstrates how state practice of a norm can affect civil society advocacy, which may have a deleterious effect on a norm’s life cycle. The research also revealed that civil society is resisting a link between R2P and refugee protection in practice, despite states’ international commitments to both and despite how both overlap in some cases. Two conclusions are reached. First, the research found a complex, iterative relationship between states and civil society. How the UK has understood and practiced R2P has directly affected how civil society contests and modifies R2P in response, despite the norm’s relevance to the Syrian case. Rather than using advocacy and engagement with states to reconceptualize the norm to fit its broader remit, some civil society actors have rejected or modified the norm instead. This has effectively helped entrap R2P within a narrow understanding and has made it politically expedient to show support for the norm’s aspirations implicitly rather than explicitly in the organizational discourse. Second, based on the results of this interdependent relationship, the political resistance against R2P is further entrenched, even when based upon the state’s narrow understandings, which serve to marginalize the norm.
Supplementing the Forest Health National Aerial Survey Program with Remote Sensing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a Collaborative Approach
Authors: Hanavan Ryan P , Kamoske Aaron G , Schaaf Abigail N , Eager Tom , Fisk Haans , Ellenwood Jim , Warren Kayanna , Asaro Christopher , Vanderbilt Brian , Hutten Karen , Leatherman Lila , Finco Mark , Frament William , Ryerson Daniel , Ross Jen , Schwert Brenna , Chastain Robert , Smith Ben , Hof Justin , Tischler Crystal , Downing Marla 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in the way the USDA Forest Service conducts business. Standard data collection methods were immediately challenged due to travel restrictions and due to uncertainty regarding when it would be safe to return to a “business as usual” approach. These challenges were met with an inspiring collaboration between forest health specialists directly involved in the annual Aerial Detection Survey (ADS) program and remote sensing specialists from the Forest Service and academia. This group worked together to generate informative training materials, new workflows, and weekly help sessions to directly address problems that arose during this capacity building exercise. Small ad hoc teams were created to identify regionally specific program resources to enhance remote sensing utilization while supplementing information gaps where aerial detection surveys were either limited or not possible. The lessons learned from this challenge provide an opportunity to continue the exploration of combining ADS, remote sensing, and field data to deliver comprehensive information for managing the nation’s forests, while applying what is working and learning and growing from both successes and limitations.
Suturable Mesh Demonstrates Improved Outcomes over Standard Suture in a Porcine Laparotomy Closure Model
Authors: Dumanian Gregory A. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Laparotomy closures fail due to suture pull-through. I hypothesize that a suturable mesh may limit pull-through via mechanisms of force distribution and fibrous encapsulation of the device filaments.

Methods:
Fifteen domestic swine 74 kg in size were randomly allocated to three groups for laparotomy closure with either size 0 suturable mesh, number 1 suturable mesh, or number 1 polypropylene. All three devices were placed in running fashion with 1-cm bites and 1-cm travels. Primary endpoints were hernia formation at 13 weeks and a semiquantitative analysis of the histological tissue response. Secondary endpoints included adhesions, surgical site occurrence (SSO), and documentation of “loose sutures.”

Results:
There were numerically fewer hernias in the number 1 suturable mesh group. Nine of the 10 suturable mesh devices were well encapsulated within the tissues and could not be pulled away, whereas four of the five polypropylene sutures were loose. Adhesions were least for number 1 suturable mesh. Histologically, the suturable mesh implanted devices showed good fibrovascular ingrowth and were judged to be “nonirritants.” The soft-tissue response was statistically greater (P = 0.006) for the number 1 suturable mesh than for the number 1 polypropylene.

Conclusions:
The mechanism by which meshes support closure sites is clearly demonstrated with this model. Suturable mesh has the potential to change surgical algorithms for abdominal wall closure.
Structural Racism and Psychiatric Practice
Authors: Talley Rachel M. , Edwards Matthew L. , Berlant Jeffrey , Wagner Elizabeth S. , Adler David A. , Erlich Matthew D. , Goldman Beth , Dixon Lisa B. , First Michael B. , Oslin David W. , Siris Samuel G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural racism has received renewed focus over the past year, fueled by the convergence of major political and social events. Psychiatry as a field has been forced to confront a legacy of systemic inequities. Here, we use examples from our clinical and supervisory work to highlight the urgent need to integrate techniques addressing racial identity and racism into psychiatric practice and teaching. This urgency is underlined by extensive evidence of psychiatry's long-standing systemic inequities. We argue that our field suffers not from a lack of available techniques, but rather a lack of sustained commitment to understand and integrate those techniques into our work; indeed, there are multiple published examples of strategies to address racism and racial identity in psychiatric clinical practice. We conclude with recommendations geared toward more firmly institutionalizing a focus on racism and racial identity in psychiatry, and suggest applications of existing techniques to our initial clinical examples.
Epigenetic signature of chronic low back pain in human T cells
Authors: Grégoire Stéphanie , Cheishvili David , Salmon-Divon Mali , Dymov Sergiy , Topham Lucas , Calderon Virginie , Shir Yoram , Szyf Moshe , Stone Laura S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Determine if chronic low back pain (LBP) is associated with DNA methylation signatures in human T cells that will reveal novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets and explore the feasibility of epigenetic diagnostic markers for pain-related pathophysiology.

Methods:
Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of 850,000 CpG sites in women and men with chronic LBP and pain-free controls was performed. T cells were isolated (discovery cohort, n = 32) and used to identify differentially methylated CpG sites, and gene ontologies and molecular pathways were identified. A polygenic DNA methylation score for LBP was generated in both women and men. Validation was performed in an independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 63) of chronic LBP and healthy controls.

Results:
Analysis with the discovery cohort revealed a total of 2,496 and 419 differentially methylated CpGs in women and men, respectively. In women, most of these sites were hypomethylated and enriched in genes with functions in the extracellular matrix, in the immune system (ie, cytokines), or in epigenetic processes. In men, a unique chronic LBP DNA methylation signature was identified characterized by significant enrichment for genes from the major histocompatibility complex. Sex-specific polygenic DNA methylation scores were generated to estimate the pain status of each individual and confirmed in the validation cohort using pyrosequencing.

Conclusion:
This study reveals sex-specific DNA methylation signatures in human T cells that discriminates chronic LBP participants from healthy controls.
Use of lower extremity orthoses in patients with cerebral palsy and related factors
Authors: Akaltun Mazlum Serdar , Altindag Ozlem , Bicer Sükrü , Turan Neytullah , Gursoy Savas , Gur Ali 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of using lower extremity orthosis prescribed for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and to determine the factors associated with orthosis use.

Study design:
The study had a retrospective and descriptive design.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty-nine patients with CP who were prescribed orthoses were included in this study. The sociodemographic data and orthosis use status of patients were questioned with telephone calls. Motor functions were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Spasticity was evaluated with the modified Ashworth scale, and range of motion was evaluated by goniometry. The study had a retrospective and descriptive design and included 129 patients with CP (53 females and 76 males) who were prescribed orthosis. The sociodemographic data and orthosis use status of patients were questioned with telephone calls. Motor functions were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Spasticity was evaluated with the modified Ashworth scale, and range of motion was evaluated by goniometry.

Results:
A total of 53 patients who were included in the study were female, and 76 were male. The most commonly used orthosis was Ankle-Foot Orthosis. The number of patients who used orthosis every day was 45 (34.8%). The most common reason for not using orthosis was difficulty in wearing it. The mean age was significantly lower in the group that used orthosis regularly (P < 0.05). Spasticity and range of motion limitations were low in the group that used orthosis regularly at significant levels (P < 0.05). A significant relation was detected in logistic regression analysis between age and orthosis use (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Regular orthosis use is at quite low levels in patients with CP. The decision for prescribing orthosis should be made with a rehabilitation team, with the patient included before orthosis is prescribed. Problems related to orthosis use should be addressed at regular intervals after prescribing orthosis.
Changes of Key Rate-Limiting Enzyme Activity in Glucose Metabolism After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Wang Liwen , Wu Liangliang , Fu Yue , Jiang Longyuan , Huang Zitong , Yang Zhengfei , Fang Xiangshao 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To investigate the activity of key rate-limiting enzymes of glucose metabolism after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), to explore the potential pathophysiological mechanism of impaired myocardial energy metabolism after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Methods:
Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three experimental groups assigned in accordance with different observation times after ROSC: Sham, instrumented rats without induced cardiac arrest or resuscitation; post-resuscitation (PR2 h); PR24 h. In these groups, CPR, including precordial compressions and synchronized mechanical ventilation, was initiated 6 min after asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest. Hearts were harvested after ROSC and samples were used to detect high-energy phosphate and glucose metabolic enzyme activity.

Results:
Compared with sham, the contents of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate reduced in the PR2 h group, while remained unchanged in the PR24 h group. Activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase did not change after ROSC. Phosphofructokinase activity decreased only in the PR24 h group. Activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase fell in PR2 h group and recovered in the PR24 h group. However, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities fell in the PR2 h group, but did not recover in the PR24 h group.

Conclusions:
Lowered key rate-limiting enzymes activity in glucose metabolism resulted in impairment of energy production in the early stage of ROSC, but partially recovered in 24 h. This process has a role in the mechanism of impaired myocardial energy metabolism after CPR. This investigation might shed light on new strategies to treat post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction.
Improving symptom-related communication skills among cancer patients in an oncology ward: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Zeng Kai , Wang Ning , Wang Mei , Hu Lijuan , Deng Guoyu , Stephenson Matthew , Zhang Lili 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
As a symptom is a subjective perception of patients, good symptom management requires the patients to actively talk to clinicians about their symptom experience and to effectively express concerns about treatment. It has been found that the patients displayed poor communication behaviors and lacked communication knowledge and skills in the oncology ward of a tertiary hospital in PR China, indicating the need for improvement. This project aimed to promote the cancer patients’ symptom-related communication with clinicians in this hospital setting.

Method:
A baseline audit against six evidence-based audit criteria derived from best practice recommendations was conducted, utilizing the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System tool. Identification of facilitators and barriers to best practice was then carried out and strategies were implemented to overcome identified barriers. A postimplementation audit was undertaken to assess any improvement in practice.

Results:
The baseline audit showed that the nurses’ compliance with best practice recommendations was unsatisfactory, with five out of six criteria recording 0% compliance. Strategies including nurse education, patient symptom assessment, patient education and use of communication tools were implemented. The postimplementation audit showed significantly improved compliance in the nurses’ practice with all best practice recommendations, with all audit criteria achieving at least 69% compliance.

Conclusion:
The project achieved improved practice in patient communication promotion across all six audit criteria. However, further effort is needed to strengthen and maintain best practice. Patient symptom-related communication behavior should be measured in the future.