bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Adjuvant Strategy of Aidi Injection With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Non–small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 70 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Cheng-Qiong , Zheng Xiao-Tian , Chen Xiao-Fan , Jiang Hong , Huang Jun , Jiang Yuan , Hu Shan-Shan , Huang Xiao-Rong , Liu Shi-Yu , Gong Qi-Hai , Feng Ji-Hong , Xiao Xue , Li Xiao-Fei , Xiao Zheng 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Aidi injection (Aidi) is composed of cantharidin, astragaloside, ginsenoside, and elentheroside E. As an important adjuvant therapy, Aidi in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) is often used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Objectives: We performed a new evaluation to demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Aidi and GP combination and further explored an optimal strategy for achieving an ideal response and safety level in advanced NSCLC.Methodology: We collected all the related trials from Chinese and English-language databases, analyzed their methodological bias risk using the Cochrane evaluation Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0, extracted all the data using a predefined data extraction form, pooled the data using a series of meta-analyses, and finally summarized the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Results: We included 70 trials with 5,509 patients. Compared with GP alone, the Aidi and GP combination showed a significant improvement in the objective response rate (ORR) [1.82 (1.62–2.04)], disease control rate (DCR) [2.29 (1.97–2.67)], and quality of life (QOL) [3.03 (2.55–3.60)] and a low incidence of hematotoxicity and gastrointestinal and hepatorenal toxicity. Aidi might be more suitable for patients who are first-treated, elderly, or patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ≥ 60 or anticipated survival time (AST) ≥3 months. An Aidi (50 ml/day, 7–14 days/cycle for one to two cycles), gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2), and cisplatin (20–30 mg/m2, 40–50 mg/m2, or 60–80 mg/m2) might be an optimal regimen for realizing an ideal response and safety level. Most results were robust and of moderate quality.Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that Aidi's value in adjuvant chemotherapy may be broad-spectrum, not just for some regimens. The Aidi and GP combination may show a good short-term response, antitumor immunity, and safety level in patients with NSCLC. Aidi (50 ml/day, 7–14 days/cycle for one and two cycles) with GEM (1000 mg/m2) and DDP (20–30 mg/m2 or 40–50 mg/m2) may be an optimal regimen for realizing an ideal goal in patients who are first-treatment, elderly, or have a KPS score ≥ 60 or AST≥3 months.
Amazonian Medicine and the Psychedelic Revival: Considering the “Dieta”
Authors: O’Shaughnessy David M. , Berlowitz Ilana 
Published: May 2021

Background: In Peruvian Amazonian medicine, plant diets (dietas) are a fundamental and highly flexible technique with a variety of uses: from treating and preventing illness, to increasing strength and resilience, to rites of passage, to learning even medicine itself. Many of the plants used in diets are psychoactive; for example, one now well-known plant that can be dieted is Banisteriopsis caapi—the vine also used in the psychoactive brew ayahuasca. The use of ayahuasca has attracted increasing clinical attention towards Amazonian medicine in recent decades, and much work has focused on the potent DMT-containing ayahuasca brew, thus placing the tradition within the purview of psychedelic science.Aims: In comparison to ayahuasca, the properties of diets have been studied less often. Our work draws on data from Amazonian healers to examine plant diets as medical practices, while also considering their fit within the “set and setting framework” that is central to psychedelic research. We argue that the framework is not sufficiently broad for understanding diets, and thus the investigation aimed to expand the conceptual field of Amazonian medicine, particularly in the context of a renewed psychedelic science and its theoretical concepts.Design: We used qualitative data from interviews with Amazonian healers, applying a thematic analysis and contrasting findings with the available literature.Setting: Interviews were conducted in various locations in the San Martín province of Peru between 2015 and 2017.Participants: We selected and interviewed eight healers who had been extensively trained in traditional Amazonian medicine.Measures: Semi-structured interviews were used to gain insight into the healers’ personal experiences with plant diets.Conclusions: Diets are complex but understudied medical practices that should not be explained by reference to pharmacology or psychology only. Intercultural and interdisciplinary research programmes are called for in order to not only better understand plant diets, but traditional Amazonian medicine on the whole.
Benzaldehyde, A New Absorption Promoter, Accelerating Absorption on Low Bioavailability Drugs Through Membrane Permeability
Authors: Wen Wen , Luo Jie , Li Ping , Huang Wenge , Wang Ping , Xu Shijun 
Published: May 2021

Styrax, one of the most famous folk medicines, is a necessary medicine in formulas to help other drugs reach the focal zone and maximize the effectiveness, the mechanism that promotes absorption is not clear yet. This study was carried out to investigate the absorption-promoting effects and the mechanism of benzaldehyde, a key active compound of styrax, on the diffusion rates of drugs with different oral bioavailability. Caco-2 transport experiments were used to investigate the transport rate. Molecular Dynamics Simulation analysis and fluorescence-anisotropy measurements were used to explore the underlying mechanism of absorption-promoting. Validation test in vivo was carried out to reveal the absorption-promoting effects of benzaldehyde on high hydrophilicity drugs. Our data indicated that benzaldehyde(50 μM) elevated the cumulative quantity of passively diffusion drugs with high hydrophilicity such as acyclovir and hydrochlorothiazide. MD and membrane fluidity data explained that benzaldehyde can loosen the structure of the lipid bilayer. The validation tests showed that benzaldehyde (140 mg/kg) remarkably increased the Cmax and AUC0-6 of acyclovir and hydrochlorothiazide in vivo. These present studies suggested that benzaldehyde can promote the absorption of drugs with a lower oral bioavailability through disturbing the integrity of lipid bilayer enhanced membrane permeability.
Leveraging the Variability of Pharmacovigilance Disproportionality Analyses to Improve Signal Detection Performances
Authors: Khouri Charles , Nguyen Thuy , Revol Bruno , Lepelley Marion , Pariente Antoine , Roustit Matthieu , Cracowski Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2021

Background: A plethora of methods and models of disproportionality analyses for safety surveillance have been developed to date without consensus nor a gold standard, leading to methodological heterogeneity and substantial variability in results. We hypothesized that this variability is inversely correlated to the robustness of a signal of disproportionate reporting (SDR) and could be used to improve signal detection performances.Methods: We used a validated reference set containing 399 true and false drug-event pairs and performed, with a frequentist and a Bayesian disproportionality method, seven types of analyses (model) for which the results were very unlikely to be related to actual differences in absolute risks of ADR. We calculated sensitivity, specificity and plotted ROC curves for each model. We then evaluated the predictive capacities of all models and assessed the impact of combining such models with the number of positive SDR for a given drug-event pair through binomial regression models.Results: We found considerable variability in disproportionality analysis results, both positive and negative SDR could be generated for 60% of all drug-event pairs depending on the model used whatever their truthfulness. Furthermore, using the number of positive SDR for a given drug-event pair largely improved the signal detection performances of all models.Conclusion: We therefore advocate for the pre-registration of protocols and the presentation of a set of secondary and sensitivity analyses instead of a unique result to avoid selective outcome reporting and because variability in the results may reflect the likelihood of a signal being a true adverse drug reaction.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: A Comparison Between Healthy Caucasian and Chinese Subjects
Authors: Zhu Min , Wang Mei-xia , Li Zi-ran , Wang Wei , Su Xia , Jiao Zheng 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for ropeginterferon alfa-2b and to compare its PK properties between Caucasian and Chinese populations.Methods: A population PK model was developed based on data from two phase I clinical trials conducted in Caucasian and Chinese individuals, to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on the PKs of ropeginterferon alfa-2b.Results: We included 456 observations from 30 healthy Caucasian subjects and 438 observations from 27 healthy Chinese subjects in the population PK analysis. The PKs of ropeginterferon alfa-2b were best described by a one-compartment quasi-equilibrium approximated target-mediated drug disposition model with first-order absorption and absorption lag times. The typical value (relative standard error%) of apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution of ropeginterferon alfa-2b in 70-kg subjects were 0.778 (12%) L/day and 2.32 (14%) L, respectively. Body weight was the only significant factor affecting the CL/F. There were no obvious differences in the PK properties of ropeginterferon alfa-2b, and predicted steady-state exposure was similar in the Chinese and Caucasian populations.Conclusion: No significant ethnic differences in ropeginterferon alfa-2b PKs were observed between the Chinese and Caucasian populations.
Increased Endogenous Activity of the Renin-Angiotensin System Reduces Infarct Size in the Rats with Early Angiotensin II-dependent Hypertension which Survive the Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Husková Zuzana , Kikerlová Soňa , Sadowski Janusz , Alánová Petra , Sedláková Lenka , Papoušek František , Neckář Jan 
Published: May 2021

We investigated the role of the interaction between hypertension and the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that in the early phase of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension with developed left ventricular hypertrophy, cardioprotective mechanism(s) are fully activated. The experiments were performed in transgenic rats with inducible hypertension, noninduced rats served as controls. The early phase of ANG II-dependent hypertension was induced by five-days (5 days) dietary indole-3-carbinol administration. Cardiac hypertrophy, ANG II and ANG 1–7 levels, protein expression of their receptors and enzymes were determined. Separate groups were subjected to acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and infarct size and ventricular arrhythmias were assessed. Induced rats developed marked cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by elevated ANG levels. Ischemia/reperfusion mortality was significantly higher in induced than noninduced rats (52.1 and 25%, respectively). The blockade of AT1 receptors with losartan significantly increased survival rate in both groups. Myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced after 5 days induction (by 11%), without changes after losartan treatment. In conclusion, we confirmed improved cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in hypertensive cardiohypertrophied rats and found that activation of AT1 receptors by locally produced ANG II in the heart was not the mechanism underlying infarct size reduction.
Triazine Derivative as Putative Candidate for the Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor: In Silico, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Approach
Authors: Tayyab Imtiaz Muhammad , Anwar Fareeha , Saleem Uzma , Ahmad Bashir , Hira Sundas , Mehmood Yumna , Bashir Manal , Najam Saima , Ismail Tariq 
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that poses the highest incidence of morbidity among women and presents many treatment challenges. In search of novel breast cancer therapies, several triazine derivatives have been developed for their potential chemotherapeutic activity. This study aims to evaluate the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)–induced anti–mammary gland tumor activity of 2,4,6 (O-nitrophenyl amino) 1,3,5-triazine (O-NPAT).Methods: The in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity assay were performed to strengthen the research hypothesis. For in vivo experimentation, 30 female rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) received normal saline. Group II (disease control) received NMU (50 mg/kg). Group III (standard control) was treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Groups IV and V received O-NPAT at a dose level of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. For tumor induction, 3 intraperitoneal doses of NMU were given at a 3-week interval, whereas all treatment compounds were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers were estimated for all experimental animals. DNA strand breakage alongside inflammatory markers was also measured for the analysis of inflammation. The hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogen was also estimated.Results: The test compound presented a significant reduction in organ weight and restored the hepatic and renal enzymes. O-NPAT treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzyme level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sulfhydryl (TSH), with a highly significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation. Also, the decrease in fragmented DNA, hormonal levels (estradiol and progesterone), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) justified the dosage efficacy further supported by histopathological findings.Conclusion: All results indicated the anti–breast tumor activity of O-NPAT and presented its possibility of exploitation for beneficial effects in breast cancer treatment.
Text4Support Mobile-Based Programming for Individuals Accessing Addictions and Mental Health Services—Retroactive Program Analysis at Baseline, 12 Weeks, and 6 Months
Authors: Noble Jasmine M. , Vuong Wesley , Surood Shireen , Urichuk Liana , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Agyapong Vincent I. O. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:Where traditional approaches fall short, widely accessible and accepted, yet under leveraged, digital technologies such as text messaging present novel opportunities to solve a range of health care solutions. The following provides a preliminary analysis of the Text4Support program, a text-messaging intervention using the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, which seeks to support the health and well-being of individuals seeking support for addiction or mental health concerns. The goal of this study was to assess whether the Text4Support program improved the perceived overall mental well-being of participants.Methods:The evaluation analyzes survey responses of individuals who were enrolled in the Text4Support program beginning in July 2019, who had completed the 6-months program by May 2020. Participants were asked to provide responses to three surveys during their time in the program—at baseline, 12-weeks and 6-months, which included questions documenting demographic information, general satisfaction with the program, and a participants' level of “global distress” through use of the Clinical Outcomes Routine Evaluation System (CORE-10)—a validated brief 10-item assessment and outcome measurement tool used to assess conditions including anxiety, depression, physical problems, and risk to self.Results and Conclusions:This data set did not include a large enough sample of participants to reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, the study provides some preliminary analysis, and identifies opportunities for the future analysis and research.
Increasing uptake of NHS Health Checks: a randomised controlled trial using GP computer prompts
Authors: Gold Natalie , Tan Karen , Sherlock Joseph , Watson Robin , Chadborn Tim 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPublic Health England wants to increase the uptake of the NHS Health Check (NHSHC), a cardiovascular disease prevention programme. Most invitations are sent by letter, but opportunistic invitations may be issued and verbal invitations have a higher rate of uptake. Prompting staff to issue opportunistic invitations might increase uptake.AimTo assess the effect on uptake of automated prompts to clinical staff to invite patients to NHSHC, delivered via primary care computer systems.Design and settingPseudo-randomised controlled trial of patients eligible for the NHSHC attending GP practices in Southwark, London.MethodEligible patients were allocated into one of two conditions, (a) Prompt and (b) No Prompt, to clinical staff. The primary outcome was attendance at an NHSHC.ResultsFifteen of 43 (34.88%) practices in Southwark were recruited; 7564 patients were eligible for an NHSHC, 3778 (49.95%) in the control and 3786 (50.05%) in the intervention. Attendance in the intervention arm was 454 (12.09%) compared with 280 (7.41%) in the control group, a total increase of 4.58% (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.46 to 3.55; P<0.001). Regressions found an interaction between intervention and sex (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.86, P = 0.004), with the intervention primarily effective on males. Comparing the probabilities of attendance for each age category across intervention and control suggests that the intervention was primarily effective for younger patients.ConclusionPrompts on computer systems in general practice were effective at improving the uptake of the NHSHC, especially for males and younger patients.
Identifying safe care processes when GPs work in or alongside emergency departments: a realist evaluation
Authors: Cooper Alison , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Edwards Michelle , Davies Freya , Donaldson Liam J , Anderson Pippa , Cooke Matthew , Dale Jeremy , Evans Bridie Angela , Harrington Barbara , Hepburn Julie , Hibbert Peter , Hughes Thomas , Porter Alison , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Snooks Helen , Edwards Adrian 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIncreasing pressure on emergency services has led to the development of different models of care delivery including GPs working in or alongside emergency departments (EDs), but with a lack of evidence for patient safety outcomes.AimThis study aimed to explore how care processes work and how patient safety incidents associated with GPs working in ED settings may be mitigated.Design and settingRealist methodology with a purposive sample of 13 EDs in England and Wales with different GP service models. The study sought to understand the relationship between contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes to develop theories about how and why patient safety incidents may occur, and how safe care was perceived to be delivered.MethodQualitative data were collected (observations, semi-structured audio-recorded staff interviews, and local patient safety incident reports). Data were coded using ‘if, then, because’ statements to refine initial theories developed from an earlier rapid realist literature review and analysis of a sample of national patient safety incident reports.ResultsThe authors developed a programme theory to describe how safe patient care was perceived to be delivered in these service models, including: an experienced streaming nurse using local guidance and early warning scores; support for GPs’ clinical decision making, with clear governance processes relevant to the intended role (traditional GP approach or emergency medicine approach); and strong clinical leadership to promote teamwork and improve communication between services.ConclusionThe findings of this study can be used as a focus for more in-depth human factors investigations to optimise work conditions in this complex care delivery setting.
KEANEKARAGAMAN LEGUM LOKAL DI BUTON SELATAN
Authors: B Yenni , Andarias S Hafidhawati , Slamet Agus 
Published: May 2021

Local legum is one of the important genetic resource materials. In South Buton, there are various types of local legum, whether cultivated or growing wild. The lack of local legum information motivation more exploration to investigate plant diversity characteristics.This study to collect data on local legum germplasm in South Buton and pre-identification potential genetic for legum breeding and their use as a functional food. Collections of morphological samples (flowers, pods, and seeds) were carried out using the exploratory method. The results of the study showed that 11 samples of local legum gene plasma were collected, based on the morphological character of local legum showed variation in flower color, pod characteristic (pod shape, pod color, and pod texture), and seed characteristics (shape and color of seed) also agronomy characteristic (the number of seeds, weight of seeds, age of planting and age of harvesting). The diversity of local legums can be used as a source of genes and alternative functional food in the future.
Keywords: local legum, South Buton, diversity
Analisis Dinamik Model SIR Pada Kasus Penyebaran Penyakit Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Sari Shinta Puspita , Arfi Eristia 
Published: May 2021

Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) merupakan salah satu virus yang menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan hewan. Penyakit ini menyebabkan gangguan saluran pernapasan sedang atau berat. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui dinamika perkembangan COVID-19 dengan menggunakan model persamaan diferensial SIR. Model SIR merupakan salah satu pemodelan matematika yang menghubungkan antara individu yang rentan, terinfeksi dan individu yang sembuh. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dinamik model SIR dengan parameter laju infeksi dan laju kesembuhan berturut-turut yaitu beta = 0.5 dan gama=0.3 . Model SIR memiliki dua titik kesetimbangan yaitu kesetimbangan bebas penyakit pada titik E_0=(0,0,0) dan titik kesetimbangan endemik pada titik E_1=(gama/beta,0,0) . Analisis kestabilan perilaku dinamik model S dan I pada titik kesetimbangan E_0=(0,0,0) memiliki sifat semi stabil dan E_1=(gama/beta,0,0) memiliki sifat konstan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa akan terjadi epidemi COVID-19 dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Solusi dinamik model SIR pada titik kesetimbangan menggunakan solusi numerik metode runge-kutta orde 4 dengan solusi analitik menunjukkan suatu perbedaan yang tidak terlalu besar saat mencapai titik kestabilan.