bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of neurospheres spontaneously generated in the culture from sheep ovarian cortical cells
Authors: Rojo Salvador Concepción , Galicia Guerrero María de Lourdes , Sánchez Maldonado Belén , González‐Gil Alfredo , Picazo González Rosa Ana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeurospheres (NS) derived from adult stem cells of non‐neural tissues represent a promising source of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for autologous cell therapy. Knowing the fine structure of NS cells is essential for characterizing them during differentiation or oncogenic transformation. NS are generated by culturing ovarian cortical cells (OCCs) under specific conditions. To establish whether these OCCs exhibited a similar morphophenotype as those from the central nervous system (CNS) reported in the literature, sheep OCCs were cultured for 21 days to generate NS. Expression levels of pluripotency (Nanog, octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], and SRY‐box transcription factor 2 [Sox2]) and NSCs/NPCs (nestin, paired box 6 [Pax6], and p75 neurotrophin receptor [P75NTR]) transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), the NSC/NPC antigens were immunolocalized, and structural and ultrastructural analyses were performed in OCC‐NS on Days 10, 15, and 21 in culture. Spheroids expressed transcripts and antigens of pluripotency as well as NSCs/NPCs. Cells were arranged into an inner core, with frequent apoptotic and degenerative events, and a peripheral epithelial‐like cover with abundant cytoplasmic organelles, apical microvilli, and filament bundles of cytoskeleton elements. Adherens junctions and apical tight and lateral loose interdigitations were found in peripheral cells that eventually lost apical–basal polarization, which might indicate their disengaging/aggregating from/to the NS. We can conclude that OCC‐NS shares the most structural and ultrastructural characteristics with CNS‐NS.
Longitudinal assessment of point‐of‐use carbon filters for removal of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from private well water
Authors: Mulhern Riley , Bynum Nichole , Liyanapatirana Chamindu , DeStefano Noelle J. , Knappe Detlef R. U. , MacDonald Gibson Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEighteen private well users in North Carolina were recruited to test the performance of under‐sink, activated carbon block water filters to remove per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Monthly sampling was conducted for 8 months. Filters were certified for removal of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid under NSF International certification P473, but not for additional short‐chain perfluoroalkyl acids or perfluoroalkyl ether acids (PFEAs) evaluated in this study. Out of 47 targeted analytes, 17 PFAS were detected in filter influent samples (influent ∑PFAS 4.7–131 ng/L). Mixed‐effects Tobit regression models showed that the filters effectively removed 97%–99% of all influent PFAS, including short‐chain PFEAs, for the entire manufacturer‐recommended lifetime of the device. The prevalence of PFAS above the minimum reporting limits was reduced by 99.5%, and the prevalence of any PFAS above the method detection limits was reduced by 92%. The results provide increased confidence in NSF P473‐certified filters for the removal of PFAS from private well water.
The economic value of genetically engineered mosquitoes as a malaria control strategy depends on local transmission rates
Authors: Lacy Katherine , Schaefer K. Aleks , Scheitrum Daniel P. , Klein Eili Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the economic value of genetically engineered (GE) Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes as a malaria control strategy. We use an epidemiological‐economic model of malaria transmission to evaluate this technology for a range of village‐level transmission settings. In each setting, we evaluate public health outcomes following introduction of GE mosquitoes relative to a “status quo” baseline scenario. We also assess results both in contrast to—and in combination with—a Mass Drug Administration (MDA) strategy. We find that—in low transmission settings—the present value (PV) public health benefits of GE mosquito release are substantial, both relative to status quo dynamics and MDA. In contrast, in high transmission settings, the release of GE mosquitoes may increase steady‐state infection rates. Our results indicate that there are substantial policy complementarities when GE mosquito release is combined with local MDA—the combined control strategy can lead to local eradication.
“Keep your distance for me”: A field experiment on empathy prompts to promote distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: de Ridder Denise , Aarts Henk , Benjamins Jeroen , Glebbeek Marie‐Louise , Leplaa Hidde , Leseman Paul , Potgieter Renske , Tummers Lars , Zondervan‐Zwijnenburg Mariëlle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 has turned out to be a major challenge to societies all over the globe. Curbing the pandemic requires rapid and extensive behavioural change to limit social interaction, including physical distancing. In this study, we tested the notion that inducing empathy for people vulnerable to the virus may result in actual distancing behaviour beyond the mere motivation to do so. In a large field experiment with a sequential case–control design, we found that (a) empathy prompts may increase distancing as assessed by camera recordings and (b) effectiveness of prompts depends on the dynamics of the pandemic and associated public health policies. In sum, the present study demonstrates the potential of empathy‐generating interventions to promote pro‐social behaviour and emphasizes the necessity of field experiments to assess the role of context before advising policy makers to implement measures derived from behavioural science. Please refer to Supplementary Material to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement
Severe hypothyroidism‐induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report
Authors: Baghi Mohamed Abdunasser , Sirajudeen Jaseem , Naushad Vamanjore A. , Alarbi Khaled S. , Benshaban Nada 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHypothyroidism causing rhabdomyolysis is a known but an uncommon entity. Hashimoto's thyroiditis causing rhabdomyolysis in the absence of precipitating factors is even rarer. Here, we report a 42‐year‐old previously healthy man with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated by severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in the absence of precipitating factors. The diagnosis was based on his clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, and he was successfully treated with intravenous fluid therapy and oral levothyroxine.
Can betamethasone prevent Nicolau syndrome when coadministered with penicillin? A case report
Authors: Mojarrad Paria , Barikbin Behnaz , Oghazian Mohammad Bagher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a 33‐year‐old female patient with Nicolau syndrome (NS) who received one injection of benzathine penicillin and one injection of betamethasone to the right buttock, and one injection of benzathine penicillin to the left. NS was seen only in the left buttock, where it was intramuscularly injected with penicillin benzathine alone.
Using a multilevel implementation strategy to facilitate the screening and treatment of tobacco use in the outpatient urology clinic: A prospective hybrid type I study
Authors: Matulewicz Richard S. , Bassett Jeffrey C. , Kwan Lorna , Sherman Scott E. , McCarthy William J. , Saigal Christopher S. , Gore John L. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundUrologists frequently treat patients for tobacco‐related conditions but infrequently engage in evidence‐based practices (EBPs) that screen for and treat tobacco use. Improving the use of EBPs will help to identify smokers, promote cessation, and improve patients' health outcomes.MethodsA prospective type I hybrid effectiveness‐implementation study was performed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of using a multilevel implementation strategy to improve the use of tobacco EBPs. All urology providers at outpatient urology clinics within the Veterans Health Administration Greater Los Angeles and all patients presenting for a new urology consultation were included. The primary outcome was whether a patient was screened for tobacco use at the time of consultation. Secondary outcomes included a patient's willingness to quit, chosen quit strategy, and subsequent engagement in quit attempts.ResultsIn total, 5706 consecutive veterans were seen for a new consultation during the 30‐month study period. Thirty‐six percent of all visits were for a tobacco‐related urologic diagnosis. The percentage of visits that included tobacco use screening increased from 18% (before implementation) to 57% in the implementation phase and to 60% during the maintenance phase. There was significant provider‐level variation in adherence to screening. Of all screened patients, 38% were willing to quit, and most patients chose a “cold turkey” method; 22% of the patients elected referral to a formal smoking cessation clinic, and 24% chose telephone counseling. Among those willing to quit, 39% and 49% made a formal quit attempt by 3 and 6 months, respectively.ConclusionsA strategy that includes provider education and a customized clinical decision support tool can facilitate provider use of tobacco EBPs in a surgery subspecialty clinic.
Guide to the Larval Zebrafish‐Aspergillus Infection Model
Authors: Schoen Taylor J. , Huttenlocher Anna , Keller Nancy P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe larval zebrafish is an increasingly popular host model for the study of Aspergillosis. The visual accessibility, genetic resources, small size, and ease of handling make zebrafish larvae compatible with higher‐throughput investigation of fungal virulence and host resistance mechanisms. This article provides the protocols needed to prepare Aspergillus fumigatus spore inocula and use microinjection to infect the hindbrain ventricle of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, we include protocols for analyzing host survival, immobilizing larvae for live imaging, and suggestions for image analysis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Support Protocol 1: Preparing Aspergillus sporesSupport Protocol 2: Dechorionating zebrafish embryosSupport Protocol 3: Generating transparent larvae with 1‐phenyl 2‐thiourea (PTU)Basic Protocol 1: Hindbrain microinjection of zebrafish larvae with Aspergillus sporesBasic Protocol 2: Survival analysisBasic Protocol 3: Multi‐day imaging of infected larvaeAlternate Protocol: Embedding larvae in low‐melting‐point agarose
Can Charge‐Modulated Metal‐Organic Frameworks Achieve High‐Performance CO2 Capture and Separation over H2, N2, and CH4?
Authors: Wang Maohuai , Kong Lingyan , Lu Xiaoqing , Wu Chi‐Man Lawrence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCO2 capture and separation by using charge‐modulated adsorbent materials is a promising strategy to reduce CO2 emissions. Herein, three TM‐HAB (TM=Co, Ni, and Cu; HAB=hexa‐aminobenzene) metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) were evaluated as charge‐modulated CO2 capture and separation materials by using density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that each TM‐HAB presented a high electrical conductivity and structural stability when injecting charges. The CO2 adsorption energy increased from 0.211 to 2.091 eV on Co‐HAB, 0.262 to 2.119 eV on Ni‐HAB, and 0.904 to 2.803 eV on Cu‐HAB, respectively, with the increase in charge state from 0.0 to 3.0 e−. Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB were better charge‐modulated CO2 capture materials with less structure deformation based on energy decomposition analyses. The kinetic process demonstrated that considerably low energy consumptions of 0.911 and 1.589 GJ ton−1 CO2 were observed for a complete adsorption–desorption cycle on Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB. All charged MOFs, especially Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB, exhibited higher CO2 adsorption energies and adsorption capacities than those of H2, N2, and CH4, thereby exhibiting high CO2 selectivities. Interaction analysis confirmed that the injecting charges had a more pronounced enhancement in the coulombic interactions between CO2 and MOFs. The results of this work highlight Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB as promising charge‐modulated CO2 capture and separation materials with controllable CO2 capture, high selectivity, and low energy consumption.
The origin and repopulation of microglia
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Cao Yue , Zhang Xin , Gu Xinyang , Mao Ying , Peng Bo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system. There is growing interest in the study of microglia due to their implication in neurodevelopment, acute injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders. They undergo birth, death, and regeneration during the lifetime. Although data on the ontogeny of microglia have been studied for decades, the birth and repopulation of microglia remain legendary and mysterious. In this review, we discuss recent studies that provide new insights into the origin and regeneration of microglia. Modulating the development of microglia may offer new therapeutic opportunities for preventing deleterious effects of inflammation and controlling excessive inflammation in brain diseases.
Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xie Manling , Zhao Shunyi , Bosco Dale B. , Nguyen Aivi , Wu Long‐Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an aggressive motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by selective loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are poorly understood. The involvement of nonmotor neuraxis emphasizes the contribution of glial cells in disease progress. Microglia comprise a unique subset of glial cells and are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a surface receptor that, within the CNS, is exclusively expressed on microglia and plays crucial roles in microglial proliferation, migration, activation, metabolism, and phagocytosis. Genetic evidence has linked TREM2 to neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, but its function in ALS pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this review, we summarize how microglial activation, with a specific focus on TREM2 function, affects ALS progression clinically and experimentally. Understanding microglial TREM2 function will help pinpoint the molecular target for ALS treatment.
Predicted declines in suitable habitat for greater one‐horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) under future climate and land use change scenarios
Authors: Pant Ganesh , Maraseni Tek , Apan Armando , Allen Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapidly changing climate is likely to modify the spatial distribution of both flora and fauna. Land use change continues to alter the availability and quality of habitat and further intensifies the effects of climate change on wildlife species. We used an ensemble modeling approach to predict changes in habitat suitability for an iconic wildlife species, greater one‐horned rhinoceros due to the combined effects of climate and land use changes. We compiled an extensive database on current rhinoceros distribution and selected nine ecologically meaningful environmental variables for developing ensemble models of habitat suitability using ten different species distribution modeling algorithms in the BIOMOD2 R package; and we did this under current climatic conditions and then projected them onto two possible climate change scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5) and two different time frames (2050 and 2070). Out of ten algorithms, random forest performed the best, and five environmental variables—distance from grasslands, mean temperature of driest quarter, distance from wetlands, annual precipitation, and slope, contributed the most in the model. The ensemble model estimated the current suitable habitat of rhinoceros to be 2610 km2, about 1.77% of the total area of Nepal. The future habitat suitability under the lowest and highest emission scenarios was estimated to be: (1) 2325 and 1904 km2 in 2050; and (2) 2287 and 1686 km2 in 2070, respectively. Our results suggest that over one‐third of the current rhinoceros habitat would become unsuitable within a period of 50 years, with the predicted declines being influenced to a greater degree by climatic changes than land use changes. We have recommended several measures to moderate these impacts, including relocation of the proposed Nijgad International Airport given that a considerable portion of potential rhinoceros habitat will be lost if the airport is constructed on the currently proposed site.
Individual variation in feeding morphology, not diet, can facilitate the success of generalist species in urban ecosystems
Authors: Marques Piatã , Zandonà Eugenia , Mazzoni Rosana , El‐Sabaawi Rana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeneralist species dominate urban ecosystems. The success of urban generalists is often related to a plastic diet and feeding traits that allow them to take advantage of a variety of food resources provided by humans in cities. The classification of a species as a generalist is commonly based on mean estimates of diet‐ and feeding‐related traits. However, there is increasing evidence that a generalist population can consist of individual specialists. In such cases, estimates based on mean can hide important individual variation that can explain trophic ecology and the success of urban dwellers. Here, we focus on guppies, Poecilia reticulata, a widespread alien fish species which has invaded both urban and non‐urban systems, to explore the effect of urbanization on individual diet and feeding morphology (cranium shape). Our results show that guppies in urban and non‐urban populations are not individual specialists, having a similar generalist diet despite the high population density. However, there is important individual variation in cranium shape which allow urban guppies to feed more efficiently on highly nutritious food. Our data suggest that individual variation in feeding efficiency can be a critical overlooked trait that facilitates the success of urban generalists.
A review of current rate‐dependent phase transformations of lithium metal orthosilicate cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Wiriya Narinthorn , Kanaphan Yutthanakon , Hongtong Rattiya , Kaewmala Songyoot , Nash Jeffrey , Limphirat Wanwisa , Srilomsak Sutham , Thipthanaratchaphong Nantiya , Meethong Nonglak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium metal orthosilicates, Li2MSiO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and their mixtures), have been attracting significant attention as alternative cathodes for next‐generation high energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). The high capacity of these cathodes is attributed to two reversible transitions, those of Li2MSiO4 to LiMSiO4 and LiMSiO4 to MSiO4 phases involving two Li+ ions per mole. However, due to their complex structures and phase transformation behaviors, these materials are not yet available for practical commercial applications. Rate capability is one of the most important properties of cathode materials that are affected by phase transformations. This review will comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of the rate‐dependent phase transformations of Li2MSiO4 materials based on various characterization tools to facilitate future developments of these high potential cathode materials for future LIBs.
A YAP1::TFE3 cutaneous low‐grade fibromyxoid neoplasm: A novel entity!
Authors: Patton Ashley , Bridge Julia A. , Liebner David , Chung Catherine , Iwenofu O. Hans 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous fibromyxoid neoplasms (CFMN) comprise a vast category of benign and malignant tumors that include, but are not limited to, low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myxoid solitary fibrous tumor, and myxoid neurofibroma with differing implications for treatment and prognosis. Herein, a case of CFMN arising as a painless, slow‐growing, flesh‐colored forearm mass in a 53‐year‐old female is presented. The neoplasm comprised of copious myxoid material with banal spindle cells, exhibiting mild hyperchromasia, dissecting the dermal collagen table. Focal perivascular accentuation of spindle cells was identified in the absence of vasoformative features. Immunohistochemically, lesional cells were strongly and diffusely positive for CD34 and multifocally for Factor XIIIa and epithelial membrane antigen while negative for CD31, ERG, FLI‐1, D2‐40, smooth muscle actin, Desmin, S100, HMB‐45, STAT6, MUC4, and keratins. RNA‐ and DNA‐sequencing identified a YAP1::TFE3 fusion transcript that were subsequently corroborated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for TFE3 (Xp11.23) locus rearrangement and strong, diffuse TFE3 immunoreactivity, respectively. To date, the YAP1::TFE3 fusion has only been identified in a subset of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas and clear cell stromal tumors of the lung. This is the first report of a CFMN featuring a YAP1::TFE3 fusion (YAP1 Exon 1 and TFE3 Exon 4). The morphologic findings are unlike those previously described for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and suggest that this neoplasm may represent a yet unclassified or novel CFMN entity. Although the patient is 1‐year status postsurgical excision with no evidence of clinical recurrence, the clinical behavior of this novel entity remains to be fully characterized.
The clinical burden of cow's milk allergy in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sorensen Katy , Meyer Rosan , Grimshaw Kate E. , Cawood Abbie L. , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Stratton Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCow's milk allergy (CMA) is common in infants and children. Clinical presentations may vary, with a range of symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal (GI), skin and respiratory systems. Whilst the primary focus of research to date has been on the management of these symptoms, studies investigating the broader clinical burden of CMA are limited.MethodsWe performed a retrospective matched cohort study examining clinical data, including allergic symptoms and infections, extracted from case records within The Health Improvement Network database. A total of 6998 children (54% male) were included in the study, including 3499 with CMA (mean age at diagnosis 4.04 months) and 3499 matched controls without CMA, observed for a mean period of 4.2 years.ResultsGI, skin and respiratory symptoms affected significantly more children with CMA (p < .001), which recurred more often (p < .001), compared with children without CMA. More children with CMA had symptoms affecting multiple systems (p < .001). CMA was associated with a greater probability of these symptoms requiring hypoallergenic formula (HAF) prescription persisting over time (log‐rank test p < .0001, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–0.85, p < .001), with a longer median duration of symptoms and HAF prescription compared with the duration of symptoms in those without CMA (3.48 vs. 2.96 years). GI, skin, respiratory and ear infections affected significantly more children with CMA than those without, increasing by 74% (p < .001), 20% (p < .001), 9% (p < .001), and 30% (p < .001) respectively. These infections also recurred more often among children with CMA, increasing by 62% for GI infections, 37% for skin and respiratory infections, and 44% for ear infections (p < .001).ConclusionsThis real‐world study provides evidence to suggest that CMA presents a significant clinical burden to children, which has implications for the healthcare system. Further research is warranted to understand the health economic impact of this, and the phenotypes, factors and management approaches which may affect clinical outcomes.