bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the regulation mechanism of probiotics on the microecological flora of infected intestines in livestock and poultry
Authors: Shi S. , Liu J. , Dong J. , Hu J. , Liu Y. , Feng J. , Zhou D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The animal intestine is a complex ecosystem composed of host cells, gut microbiota and available nutrients. Gut microbiota can prevent the occurrence of intestinal diseases in animals by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal environment. The intestinal microbiota is a complex and stable microbial community, and the homeostasis of the intestinal environment is closely related to the invasion of intestinal pathogens, which plays an important role in protecting the host from pathogen infections. Probiotics are strains of microorganisms that are beneficial to health, and their potential has recently led to a significant increase in studies on the regulation of intestinal flora. Various potential mechanisms of action have been proposed on probiotics, especially mediating the regulation mechanism of the intestinal flora on the host, mainly including competitive inhibition of pathogens, stimulation of the host's adaptive immune system and regulation of the intestinal flora. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technology has given us a clearer understanding and has facilitated the development of research methods to investigate the intestinal microecological flora. This review will focus on the regulation of probiotics on the microbial flora of intestinal infections in livestock and poultry and will depict future research directions.
Food allergen ladders: A need for standardization
Authors: Venter Carina , Meyer Rosan , Ebisawa Motohiro , Athanasopoulou Panagiota , Mack Douglas Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe process of gradually reintroducing food allergens into an individual's diet is referred to as food allergen “ladders”. There remain many questions regarding the foods chosen, structure and composition of the ladder, and medical and safety considerations. The COVID‐19 pandemic has propelled us into an era where medicine is increasingly practiced via online platforms, highlighting the need for standardized food allergen ladder approaches for successful and safe introduction of food allergens.MethodsWe performed a search of currently published food allergen ladders and obtained published information and clinical expertise to summarize current knowledge and suggest future standardized approaches for using food allergen ladders.ResultsThere are currently a limited number of published milk, egg, wheat, and soy ladders. We suggest the following points should be considered when developing food ladders: (1) Food allergen: dose, time, and temperature of heating of the food allergen, simplicity of the ladder and recipes, the possible role of the wheat matrix, and testing for allergenic protein levels to standardize doses; (2) Nutritional factors: health and nutritional value of the foods in the ladder, taste, texture, and cultural appropriateness of foods should be considered; and (3) Medical aspects: consideration of which patients are safe to undergo ladders outside of the clinical setting, other safety aspects and risk factors for severe reactions, number of days suggested per steps, and availability and provision of rescue medication. Written instructions and recipes should be provided to families who wish to use food allergen ladders.DiscussionFood allergen ladders used for gradual reintroduction of food allergens into a food allergic individual's diet are increasingly being used internationally. Standardization regarding the foods included in the ladder and medical considerations are required to practice patient‐centered care, best assist patients and families, and ensure safety.
Children born of genocidal rape: What do we know about their experiences and needs?
Authors: Uwizeye Glorieuse , DeVon Holli A. , McCreary Linda L. , Patil Crystal L. , Thayer Zaneta M. , Rutherford Julienne N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn often under addressed and tragic legacy of genocide is the conception of children from rape. While the experience has been documented from their mothers' perspective, the perspectives and needs of individuals born of genocidal rape has been under‐studied.MethodsWe conducted an integrative review of all peer‐reviewed articles that reported on studies conducted among individuals born of genocidal rape published through 2020. We used an inductive process to identify and describe the themes from those studies.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten articles reported on youth born of genocidal rape in Rwanda aged between 16 and 21 years, and two articles represented the perspective of adolescents in the former Yugoslavia aged 1416 years. Four themes were indentified: (1) birth origin stories associated with the crime of the father, (2) fractured sense of belonging to the victim‐mother, perpetrator‐father, their families, and the community at large, (3) intergenerational legacy of trauma and family identity, and (4) strategies to move forward including knowing the truth about one's origin, mental health, and peer support.ConclusionThese findings suggest that understanding increased risk of adverse health outcomes of youth born of genocidal rape could inform the design of evidence‐based interventions for these and similar populations.
TRIM39 is a poor prognostic factor for patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer and promotes cell cycle progression
Authors: Ogura Takuya , Azuma Kotaro , Takeiwa Toshihiko , Sato Junichiro , Kinowaki Keiichi , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Kawabata Hidetaka , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are involved in various biological processes and the pathophysiology of cancers. However, the roles of TRIM39, a TRIM family member, in breast cancer is not well‐understood. Here, we performed immunohistochemical study of TRIM39 protein in clinical estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer tissues from 108 patients. TRIM39 immunoreactivity (IR) was positively correlated with advanced stage (p < 0.001), large invasive tumor size (p = 0.012), and positive lymph node status (p = 0.002). Positive TRIM39 IR was significantly correlated with short disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the TRIM39 status is an independent prognostic factor in DFS (p = 0.049). Microarray analysis of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells treated with siRNA revealed that TRIM39 knockdown downregulated the cell cycle‐ and cell division‐related genes, including MLLT11, CDCA3, CDC25C, BIRC5, and ANP32E. Consistently, TRIM39 knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation and cell cycle transition to S phase in MCF‐7 and 4‐hydroxytamoxifen‐resistant (OHTR) breast cancer cells. These results suggest that TRIM39 promotes ER+ breast cancer growth by promoting cell cycle progression.
Suvorexant with or without ramelteon to prevent delirium: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Yu , Qin Zaisheng , Han Yunyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDelirium is a common and serious neurobehavioral syndrome, associated with prolonged hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality. As it remains unclear whether suvorexant with or without ramelteon prevents delirium in elderly hospitalized patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate, searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and EBSCOhost databases for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control studies, and cohort studies that investigated the effects of suvorexant with or without ramelteon on delirium in adult hospitalized patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium. Two randomized controlled trials, 7 cohort studies and 2 case–control studies involving 2594 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The results showed that both suvorexant alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.65, P = 0.002) and suvorexant with ramelteon (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.23–0.65, P = 0.0003) reduced the incidence of delirium in adult hospitalized patients. Six studies involved the use of benzodiazepines; subgroup analysis performed separately in the suvorexant alone and suvorexant with ramelteon groups indicated that when benzodiazepine was administered, suvorexant with ramelteon was effective at reducing the incidence of delirium (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37–0.74, P = 0.0002), but no significant difference was observed for suvorexant alone (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.11–1.53, P = 0.18). The current literature thus supports the effectiveness of suvorexant with or without ramelteon for delirium prevention, although suvorexant alone failed to significantly reduce the incidence of delirium when benzodiazepine was administered. The present study was limited by the significant heterogeneity among the included studies, and caution should be exercised when interpreting the results. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD4202017964).
Religious innovations of chieftaincy in Ghana: Pentecostal Christianity and the complex persistence and transformation of Akan chieftaincy
Authors: Prempeh Charles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChieftaincy is an important indigenous political system in West Africa. In Ghana–based on ancestral cult–the institution has gone through and survived the major historical epochs–precolonial, colonial, and post‐independence–albeit with some changes. The institution's flexibility has been a singular source of its survival. This has made it possible for Pentecostals to become indigenous chiefs. In this article, I depend on a year's ethnographic research in Ghana in 2019 and a review of literature on chieftaincy in Africa to explore how Pentecostal chiefs negotiate the complex terrain between indigenous religion and Pentecostal Christianity–as they take up chiefly office. I argue that through creative innovation and investment in social services, Pentecostal chiefs subvert chiefly rituals and also legitimize their authority. In all this, I discuss the flexibility embodied in chieftaincy and Pentecostalism.
Statins downregulateYAPandTAZand exert anti‐cancer effects in canine mammary tumour cells
Authors: Vigneau Anne‐Laurence , Rico Charlène , Boerboom Derek , Paquet Marilène 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact bitches, and few chemotherapeutic options are available for highly invasive and metastatic tumours. Recent studies have shown the potential involvement of dysregulated Hippo signalling in CMT development and progression. Statins can activate the Hippo pathway by blocking protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation), resulting in decreased expression and activity of the transcriptional co‐activators YAP and TAZ. In this study, we therefore sought to determine if statins could exert anti‐cancer effects in CMT cells. Our results demonstrate that Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin are cytotoxic to two CMT cell lines (CMT9 and CMT47), with ED50 values ranging from 0.95 to 23.5 μM. Both statins acted to increase apoptosis and promote cell cycle arrest. Both statins also decreased YAP and TAZ expression and reduced the mRNA levels of key Hippo transcriptional target genes known to be involved in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance (CYR61,CTGFandRHAMM). Moreover, both statins effectively inhibited cell migration and anchorage independent growth, but did not influence matrix invasion. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that statins act upon the Hippo pathway in CMT cells to counteract several molecular and cellular hallmarks of cancer. These findings suggest that targeting the Hippo pathway with statins represents a novel and promising approach for the treatment canine mammary gland cancers.
Efficacy and safety of as-needed albuterol/budesonide versus albuterol in adults and children aged ≥4 years with moderate-to-severe asthma: rationale and design of the randomised, double-blind, active-controlled MANDALA study
Authors: Chipps Bradley E , Albers Frank C , Reilly Laurence , Johnsson Eva , Cappelletti Christy , Papi Alberto 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionUncontrolled asthma is associated with substantial morbidity. While fast-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief from asthma symptoms, their use as rescue fails to address the underlying inflammation. Combining a short-acting beta2-agonist, such as albuterol (salbutamol), with an inhaled corticosteroid, such as budesonide, in a single inhaler as rescue therapy could help control both bronchoconstriction and inflammation, and reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.Methods and analysisThe Phase 3 MANDALA study was designed to determine the efficacy of albuterol in combination with budesonide (albuterol/budesonide 180/160 µg or 180/80 µg, two actuations of 90/80 µg or 90/40 µg, respectively) versus albuterol (180 µg, two actuations of 90 µg) as rescue therapy in adult, adolescent and paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. This event-driven study enrolled symptomatic patients (3000 adults/adolescents and 100 children aged 4–11 years) who experienced ≥1 severe asthma exacerbation in the previous year and were receiving maintenance therapy for ≥3 months prior to study entry. The primary efficacy endpoint was time-to-first severe asthma exacerbation.Ethics and disseminationThe study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and Good Clinical Practice and the applicable regulatory requirements.Trial registrationNCT03769090.
Feasibility of using real-world data in the evaluation of cardiac ablation catheters: a test-case of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology Coordinating Center
Authors: Dhruva Sanket S , Jiang Guoqian , Doshi Amit A , Friedman Daniel J , Brandt Eric , Chen Jiajing , Akar Joseph G , Ross Joseph S , Ervin Keondae R , Collison Farr Kimberly , Shah Nilay D , Coplan Paul , Noseworthy Peter A. , Zhang Shumin , Forsyth Thomas , Schulz Wade L , Yu Yue , Drozda, Jr. Joseph P 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of using real-world data to assess the safety and effectiveness of two cardiac ablation catheters for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation and ischaemic ventricular tachycardia.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingThree health systems in the USA.ParticipantsPatients receiving ablation with the two ablation catheters of interest at any of the three health systems.Main outcome measuresFeasibility of identifying the medical devices and participant populations of interest as well as the duration of follow-up and positive predictive values (PPVs) for serious safety (ischaemic stroke, acute heart failure and cardiac tamponade) and effectiveness (arrhythmia-related hospitalisation) clinical outcomes of interest compared with manual chart validation by clinicians.ResultsOverall, the catheter of interest for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation was used for 4280 ablations and the catheter of interest for ischaemic ventricular tachycardia was used 1516 times across the data available within the three health systems. The duration of patient follow-up in the three health systems ranged from 91% to 97% at ≥7 days, 89% to 96% at ≥30 days, 77% to 90% at ≥6 months and 66% to 84% at ≥1 year. PPVs were 63.4% for ischaemic stroke, 96.4% for acute heart failure, 100% at one health system for cardiac tamponade and 55.7% for arrhythmia-related hospitalisation.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use real-world health system data to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cardiac ablation catheters, though evaluations must consider the implications of variation in follow-up and endpoint ascertainment among health systems.
Role of targeted therapies in rheumatic patients on COVID-19 outcomes: results from the COVIDSER study
Authors: Álvaro Gracia Jose María , Sanchez-Piedra Carlos , Manero Javier , Ruiz-Lucea María Ester , López-Vives Laura , Bohorquez Cristina , Martinez-Barrio Julia , Bonilla Gema , Vela Paloma , García-Villanueva María Jesús , Navío-Marco María Teresa , Pavía Marina , Galindo María , Erausquin Celia , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A , Rua-Figueroa Inigo , Pego-Reigosa Jose M , Castrejon Isabel , Sanchez-Costa Jesús T , González-Dávila Enrique , Diaz-Gonzalez Federico 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo analyse the effect of targeted therapies, either biological (b) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs and other factors (demographics, comorbidities or COVID-19 symptoms) on the risk of COVID-19 related hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.MethodsThe COVIDSER study is an observational cohort including 7782 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of hospitalisation. Antirheumatic medication taken immediately prior to infection, demographic characteristics, rheumatic disease diagnosis, comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms were analysed.ResultsA total of 426 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 to 13 April 2021 were included in the analyses: 106 (24.9%) were hospitalised and 19 (4.4%) died. In multivariate-adjusted models, bDMARDs and tsDMARDs in combination were not associated with hospitalisation compared with conventional synthetic DMARDs (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.25 of b/tsDMARDs, p=0.15). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF-i) were associated with a reduced likelihood of hospitalisation (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.82, p=0.018), whereas rituximab showed a tendency to an increased risk of hospitalisation (OR 4.85, 95% CI 0.86 to 27.2). Glucocorticoid use was not associated with hospitalisation (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.55). A mix of sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms contribute to patients’ hospitalisation.ConclusionsThe use of targeted therapies as a group is not associated with COVID-19 severity, except for rituximab, which shows a trend towards an increased risk of hospitalisation, while TNF-i was associated with decreased odds of hospitalisation in patients with rheumatic disease. Other factors like age, male gender, comorbidities and COVID-19 symptoms do play a role.
Companies under stress: the impact of shocks on the production network
Authors: Pálovics Róbert , Dolenc Primož , Leskovec Jure 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the effect of shocks in production networks. Our work is based on a rich dataset that contains information about companies from Slovenia right after the financial crisis of 2008. The processed data spans for 8 years and covers the transaction history as well as performance indicators and various metadata of the companies. We define sales shocks at different levels, and identify companies impacted by them. Next we investigate stress, the potential immediate upstream and downstream impact of a shock within the production network. We base our main findings on a matched pairs analysis of stressed companies. We find that both shock and stress are associated with reporting bankruptcy in the future and that stress foremost impacts the future sales of customers. Furthermore, we find evidence that stress not only results in performance losses but the reconfiguration of the production network as well. We show that stressed companies actively seek for new trading partners, and that these new links often share the industry of the shocked company. These results suggest that both stressed customers and suppliers react quickly to stress and adjust their trading relationships.
Geopolitical Thinking behind the US Policy-Making toward China and the Diplomatic Choice of Japan
Authors: Lian Degui 
Published: December 2021

The roots of US policy toward China are laid in the geopolitical thinking mode of its strategic culture. This mode of thinking first originated in Britain and later evolved into geopolitics. Bearing such thoughts, the United States sees China as a country at the southeastern rim of the Eurasian continent, and the rise of China is a threat to its dominance as a maritime state in the Eurasian continent. No matter the rotation of governing parties in the United States, containing the development of China is not merely an expedient for electoral politics but an inevitable choice for maritime states to contain continental states and an objectively necessary national security strategy aimed at retaining the global hegemony of the United States. As China further develops, such intention will become more and more apparent. In order to achieve the goal of slowing down China’s development pace and maintaining US’s political dominance over Eurasia, it seems that the United States has to build a maritime alliance system. The alliance between Japan and the United States will be further strengthened since Japan is a strategic pivot of this system. However, Japan’s perception of interests and strategic thinking are not fully aligned with those of the United States, and as a result, Japan will choose strategies with a certain degree of autonomy, thus eventually limiting the implementation of US’s geopolitical strategies. From the viewpoints of power transfer, geopolitics and ideology for the confrontation between maritime and continental states, this paper focuses on the limitations of the geopolitical thinking behind US’s policy-making toward China and the relatively autonomous strategy of Japan to analyze the status quo and underlying trends of China–US–Japan relations.
The Systematic Design of Responsibility Analysis by Abstract Interpretation
Authors: Deng Chaoqiang , Cousot Patrick 
Published: December 2021

Given a behavior of interest, automatically determining the corresponding responsible entity (i.e., the root cause) is a task of critical importance in program static analysis. In this article, a novel definition of responsibility based on the abstraction of trace semantics is proposed, which takes into account the cognizance of observer, which, to the best of our knowledge, is a new innovative idea in program analysis. Compared to current dependency and causality analysis methods, the responsibility analysis is demonstrated to be more precise on various examples.However, the concrete trace semantics used in defining responsibility is uncomputable in general, which makes the corresponding concrete responsibility analysis undecidable. To solve this problem, the article proposes a sound framework of abstract responsibility analysis, which allows a balance between cost and precision. Essentially, the abstract analysis builds a trace partitioning automaton by an iteration of over-approximating forward reachability analysis with trace partitioning and under/over-approximating backward impossible failure accessibility analysis, and determines the bounds of potentially responsible entities along paths in the automaton. Unlike the concrete responsibility analysis that identifies exactly a single action as the responsible entity along every concrete trace, the abstract analysis may lose some precision and find multiple actions potentially responsible along each automaton path. However, the soundness is preserved, and every responsible entity in the concrete is guaranteed to be also found responsible in the abstract.