bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic expansions through the loop-tree duality
Authors: Plenter Judith , Rodrigo Germán 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAsymptotic expansions of Feynman amplitudes in the loop-tree duality formalism are implemented at integrand-level in the Euclidean space of the loop three-momentum, where the hierarchies among internal and external scales are well-defined. The ultraviolet behaviour of the individual contributions to the asymptotic expansion emerges only in the first terms of the expansion and is renormalized locally in four space-time dimensions. These two properties represent an advantage over the method of Expansion by Regions. We explore different approaches in different kinematical limits, and derive explicit asymptotic expressions for several benchmark configurations.
Testing weakest force with coldest spot
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Wang Shao-Jiang , Yi Su , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUltra-cold atom experiment in space with microgravity allows for realization of dilute atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with macroscopically large occupation number and significantly long condensate lifetime, which allows for a precise measurement on the shape oscillation frequency by calibrating itself over numerous oscillation periods. In this paper, we propose to measure the Newtonian gravitational constant via ultra-cold atom BEC with shape oscillation, although it is experimentally challenging. We also make a preliminary perspective on constraining the modified Newtonian potential such as the power-law potential, Yukawa interaction, and fat graviton. A resolution of frequency measurement of $$(1-100)\,\mathrm {nHz}$$

(
1
-
100
)

nHz

at most for the occupation number $$10^9$$

10
9

, just one order above experimentally achievable number $$N\sim 10^6{-}10^8$$

N
∼

10
6

-

10
8

, is feasible to constrain the modified Newtonian potential with Yukawa interaction greatly beyond the current exclusion limits.
Quasilocal Smarr relation for an asymptotically flat spacetime
Authors: Lee Yein , Richards Matthew , Stotyn Sean , Park Miok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate the thermodynamics of Einstein–Maxwell (-dilaton) theory for an asymptotically flat spacetime in a quasilocal frame. We firstly define a quasilocal thermodynamic potential via the Euclidean on-shell action and formulate a quasilocal Smarr relation from Euler’s theorem. Then we calculate the quasilocal energy and surface pressure by employing a Brown–York quasilocal method along with Mann–Marolf counterterm and find entropy from the quasilocal thermodynamic potential. These quasilocal variables are consistent with the Tolman temperature and the entropy in a quasilocal frame turns out to be same as the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. As a result, we found that a surface pressure term and its conjugate variable, a quasilocal area, do not participate in a quasilocal thermodynamic potential, but should be present in a quasilocal Smarr relation and the quasilocal first law of black hole thermodynamics. For dyonic black hole solutions having dynamic dilaton field, a non-trivial dilaton contribution should occur in the quasilocal first law but not in the quasilocal Smarr relation.
Mining Largest Maximal Quasi-Cliques
Authors: Sanei-Mehri Seyed-Vahid , Das Apurba , Hashemi Hooman , Tirthapura Srikanta 
Published: April 2021

Quasi-cliques are dense incomplete subgraphs of a graph that generalize the notion of cliques. Enumerating quasi-cliques from a graph is a robust way to detect densely connected structures with applications in bioinformatics and social network analysis. However, enumerating quasi-cliques in a graph is a challenging problem, even harder than the problem of enumerating cliques. We consider the enumeration of top-
k
degree-based quasi-cliques and make the following contributions: (1) we show that even the problem of detecting whether a given quasi-clique is maximal (i.e., not contained within another quasi-clique) is NP-hard. (2) We present a novel heuristic algorithm K
ernel
QC to enumerate the
k
largest quasi-cliques in a graph. Our method is based on identifying
kernels
of extremely dense subgraphs within a graph, followed by growing subgraphs around these kernels, to arrive at quasi-cliques with the required densities. (3) Experimental results show that our algorithm accurately enumerates quasi-cliques from a graph, is much faster than current state-of-the-art methods for quasi-clique enumeration (often more than three orders of magnitude faster), and can scale to larger graphs than current methods.
CAR T cells Targeting Human Immunoglobulin Light Chains Eradicate Mature B-cell Malignancies While Sparing a Subset of Normal B Cells
Authors: Ranganathan Raghuveer , Shou Peishun , Ahn Sarah , Sun Chuang , West John , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
CD19-redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR.CD19) T cells promote clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, patients showing sustained clinical responses after CAR.CD19-T treatment show increased infection risk due to compromised B-lymphocyte recovery. Mature B cell–derived malignancies express monoclonal immunoglobulins bearing either κ- or λ-light chains. We initially constructed CAR-T targeting the κ-light-chain (CAR.κ) and established a clinical study with it. After optimizing the CAR molecule, cells developed CAR-T targeting the λ-light chain (CAR.λ) and we explored their antitumor activity.

Experimental Design:
Using Igλ+ lymphoma cell lines and patient-derived Igλ+ CLL cells, we evaluated the in vitro tumor cytotoxicity and cytokine profiles of CAR.λ. We also assessed the in vivo efficacy of CAR.λ in xenograft Igλ+ lymphoma models including a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of mantle cell lymphoma, and the effects of λ- or κ-light chain–specific CAR-T on normal B lymphocytes in a humanized murine model.

Results:
CAR.λ demonstrated antitumor effects against Igλ+ lymphoma cells and patient-derived CLL cells in vitro, and in vivo in xenograft and PDX Igλ+ lymphoma murine models. Antitumor activity of CAR.λ was superimposable to CAR.CD19. Furthermore, we demonstrated in the humanized murine model that λ- or κ-light chain–specific CAR-T cells only depleted the corresponding targeted light chain–expressing normal B cells, while sparing the reciprocal light chain carrying B cells.

Conclusions:
Adoptive transfer of CAR.λ and CAR.κ-T cells represents a useful and alternative modality to CAR.CD19-T cells in treating mature B-cell malignancies with minimal impact on humoral immunity.
See related commentary by Jain and Locke, p. 5736
Ciudades para la gente: perspectivas situadas e interculturales desde el movimiento social y popular en Bogotá.
Authors: Cortés-Millán Germán Andrés 
Published: April 2021

El proyecto de investigación “Construcción social del territorio, desde una perspectiva intercultural crítica”, abre paso a un marco de reflexión - acción denominado “Ciudades para la gente. Por el derecho a la ciudad”, en el que se convocan activamente las voces de habitantes de la ciudad, vinculados con procesos organizativos y de movilización social, que por razones distintas, han puesto al territorio y a la ciudad en sus agendas y en sus procesos de trabajo comunitario y político. Es así que el documento que se presenta, abre toda una discusión sobre el valor y el sentido intercultural, asociado a la concepción de la ciudad como derecho, que posee, para los movimientos y las organizaciones sociales y populares de la ciudad de Bogotá, el territorio en construcción. El proceso se circunscribe en la investigación acción participativa decolonial en dos fases denominadas “contextualización de la Interculturalidad” y “propuestas para la acción colectiva intercultural”, y se orienta a partir de tres dimensiones categoriales definidas como “lo intercultural y los desafíos al modelo”, “lo intercultural y los procesos organizativos”, y “lo intercultural como proyecto político”.
Mammals of northeastern India: an updated checklist
Authors: Talukdar Nazimur Rahman , Choudhury Parthankar , Barbhuiya Rofik Ahmed , Ahmad Firoz , Daolagupu Deborah , Baishya Jyoti Bikash 
Published: April 2021

A systematic review was carried out to prepare a checklist of the mammalian species of northeastern India. The region is located between two prominent biodiversity hotspots, Himalaya and Indo-Burma. Though it is only 8% of the country, it supports almost half of the country’s total wild flora and fauna. Ongoing developmental activities such as the construction of roads, electrification, and mining in and around the wildlife habitats have threatened the survival of many species of wildlife. A lot of literature has been checked to understand the status and distribution of wildlife in the region and the present manuscript is prepared from existing literature. A total of 267 species representing 11 orders and 38 families from the region have been reported. A state-wise updated list of species along with their status as per IUCN, WPA (Wildlife Protection Act) of India, 1972 and CITES has been provided which is intended to serve as a baseline data for further research in mammalian fauna of the region.
Carbon Monoxide Suppresses Neointima Formation in Transplant Arteriosclerosis by Inhibiting Vascular Progenitor Cell Differentiation
Authors: Sakihama Hideyasu , Lee Ghee Rye , Chin Beek Y. , Csizmadia Eva , Gallo David , Qi Yilin , Gagliani Nicola , Wang Hongjun , Bach Fritz H. , Otterbein Leo E. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Evidence indicates that bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC) are a major contributor to neointima formation in transplant arteriosclerosis. HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1,
Hmox1
) and carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme degradation by HO-1, ameliorate neointima formation by inhibiting proliferation of smooth muscle cells. We investigated the mechanism whereby HO-1 and CO modulate BMPC and mitigates neointima formation in transplant arteriosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Using a murine model of aortic transplantation, bone marrow chimeric mice, and in vitro experiments, we report that CO does not inhibit mobilization of BMPC into the circulation or their homing to the vessel adventitia, but instead suppresses differentiation of BMPC into smooth muscle cells after they arrive in the adventitia. Specifically, the effect of CO on differentiation of BMPC into smooth muscle cell is mediated in part, by limiting PDGFR-β (platelet derived growth factor receptor-β) signaling.
Hmox1
−/−
BMPC exhibit a greater propensity to differentiate into smooth muscle cell in vitro, in part by regulating PDGFR-β
+
expression. Furthermore, wild-type mice transplanted with
Hmox1
−/−
bone marrow cells show augmented neointima formation after allografting versus control. CO exposure significantly ameliorated neointima formation, which remains more severe with
Hmox1
−/−
bone marrow cell versus air-treated mice receiving HO-1-expressing bone marrow cell, highlighting the importance of endogenous HO-1 in neointima formation.

Conclusions:
Host BMPC contribute to neointima formation in transplant arteriosclerosis and the protective effect afforded by HO-1/CO against neointima formation is mediated in part through the regulation of PDGFR-β expression. We propose that suppressing differentiation of BMPC is a major mechanism by which HO-1 and CO prevent neointima expansion after transplant.
Synaptotagmin-Like Protein 2a Regulates Angiogenic Lumen Formation via Weibel-Palade Body Apical Secretion of Angiopoietin-2
Authors: Francis Caitlin R. , Claflin Shea , Kushner Erich J. 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Vascular lumen formation requires the redistribution of intracellular proteins to instruct apicobasal polarity, thereby enforcing maturation of both luminal and basal domains. In the absence of proper apical signaling, lumen formation can be distorted leading to lumen collapse and cessation of blood flow. Slp2a (synaptotagmin-like protein-2a) has been implicated in apical membrane signaling; however, the role of Slp2a in vascular lumen formation has never been assessed.

Approach and Results:
Our results demonstrate that Slp2a is required for vascular lumen formation. Using a 3-dimensional sprouting assay, sub-cellular imaging, and zebrafish blood vessel development, we establish that Slp2a resides at the apical membrane acting as a tether for Rab27a that decorates Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). We show that Slp2a regulates exocytic activity of WPBs, thus regulating release of WPB contents into the luminal space during angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-2 is a Tie-2 receptor ligand that is selectively released from WPB secretory granules. We identify a critical role for angiopoietin-2 in regulating endothelial lumenization and show that in the absence of Slp2a, WPB contents cannot fuse with the apical membrane. This disrupts the release of angiopoietin-2 and blocks Tie-2 signaling necessary for proper lumen formation.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate a novel requirement of Slp2a for vascular lumen formation. Moreover, we show that Slp2a is required for the exocytic release of WPB secretory granule cargo during vascular lumen development, and thus is a core upstream component of the WPB secretory pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that WPB-housed angiopoietin-2 is required for vascular lumen formation.
Joint Associations Between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Atrial Fibrillation in Men and Women
Authors: Poorthuis Michiel H. F. , Sherliker Paul , de Borst Gert J. , Carter Jennifer L. , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Jones Nicholas R. , Halliday Alison , Lewington Sarah , Bulbulia Richard 
Published: April 2021

Background
Associations between adiposity and atrial fibrillation (AF) might differ between sexes. We aimed to determine precise estimates of the risk of AF by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in men and women.

Methods and Results

Between 2008 and 2013, over 3.2 million adults attended commercial screening clinics. Participants completed health questionnaires and underwent physical examination along with cardiovascular investigations, including an ECG. We excluded those with cardiovascular and cardiac disease. We used multivariable logistic regression and determined joint associations of BMI and WC and the risk of AF in men and women by comparing likelihood ratio χ
2
statistics. Among 2.1 million included participants 12 067 (0.6%) had AF. A positive association between BMI per 5 kg/m
2
increment and AF was observed, with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.57–1.73) for men and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.30–1.42) for women among those with a BMI above 20 kg/m
2
. We found a positive association between AF and WC per 10 cm increment, with an odds ratio of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.36–1.60) for men and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.26–1.49) for women. Improvement of likelihood ratio χ
2
was equal after adding BMI and WC to models with all participants. In men, WC showed stronger improvement of likelihood ratio χ
2
than BMI (30% versus 23%). In women, BMI showed stronger improvement of likelihood ratio χ
2
than WC (23% versus 12%).

Conclusions
We found a positive association between BMI (above 20 kg/m2) and AF and between WC and AF in both men and women. BMI seems a more informative measure about risk of AF in women and WC seems more informative in men.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Peak Wall Stress and Peak Wall Rupture Index in Ruptured and Asymptomatic Intact Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Singh Tejas P. , Moxon Joseph V. , Gasser T. Christian , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Background
Prior studies have suggested aortic peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) can estimate the rupture risk of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but whether these measurements have independent predictive ability over assessing AAA diameter alone is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to compare PWS and PWRI in participants with ruptured and asymptomatic intact AAAs of similar diameter.

Methods and Results

Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify studies assessing PWS and PWRI in ruptured and asymptomatic intact AAAs of similar diameter. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed using inverse variance‐weighted methods. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings. Risk of bias was assessed using a modification of the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers. Seven case‐control studies involving 309 participants were included. Meta‐analyses suggested that PWRI (standardized mean difference, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14–0.70;
P
=0.004) but not PWS (standardized mean difference, 0.13; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.44;
P
=0.418) was greater in ruptured than intact AAAs. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the findings were not dependent on the inclusion of any single study. The included studies were assessed to have a medium to high risk of bias.

Conclusions
Based on limited evidence, this study suggested that PWRI, but not PWS, is greater in ruptured than asymptomatic intact AAAs of similar maximum aortic diameter.
How Much Does Public School Facility Funding Depend on Property Wealth?
Authors: Brunner Eric J. , Schwegman David , Vincent Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examine how funding for public school facilities varies with school district property wealth and household income. Using data on school facility (i.e., capital) funding in California from fiscal years 1986–87 to 2015–16, we find that funding for school construction and modernization varies widely across districts. Disparities in funding are driven primarily by interdistrict differences in property wealth, with the highest property wealth districts raising considerably more funding for school facilities. Assessed value per pupil in California is also negatively correlated with the share of disadvantaged students and students of color. As a result, school facility funding tends to be substantially lower in districts with the highest concentrations of disadvantaged students and students of color.
Teachers’ Preferences for Proximity and the Implications for Staffing Schools: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Bertoni Eleonora , Elacqua Gregory , Hincapié Diana , Méndez Carolina , Paredese Diana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the 2015 Peruvian national teacher selection process to explore candidates’ rank-ordered preferences for public schools. We show that, in seeking a permanent position, candidates prefer schools that are closer to where they attended their Teacher Education Program and that are located in urban areas. These preferences vary by candidates’ attributes: urban location seems to be particularly important for women and higher-performing candidates. Preferences for proximity to previous workplace are weaker for younger candidates and stronger for high performers. Candidates also prefer larger schools located in low-poverty districts, with one teacher per classroom (versus non-single-teacher/multigrade), Spanish language instruction (versus non-bilingual), and access to basic services. A greater understanding of which school characteristics are most valued by teachers can help to design effective policies for attracting candidates to hard-to-staff schools.
Runtime Analysis of Restricted Tournament Selection for Bimodal
Optimisation
Authors: Osuna Edgar Covantes , Sudholt Dirk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Niching methods have been developed to maintain the population diversity, to investigate many peaks in parallel, and to reduce the effect of genetic drift. We present the first rigorous runtime analyses of restricted tournament selection (RTS), embedded in a (μ+1) EA, and analyse its effectiveness at finding both optima of the bimodal function TwoMax. In RTS, an offspring competes against the closest individual, with respect to some distance measure, amongst w (window size) population members (chosen uniformly at random with replacement), to encourage competition within the same niche. We prove that RTS finds both optima on TwoMax efficiently if the window size w is large enough. However, if w is too small, RTS fails to find both optima even in exponential time, with high probability. We further consider a variant of RTS selecting individuals for the tournament without replacement. It yields a more diverse tournament and is more effective at preventing one niche from taking over the other. However, this comes at the expense of a slower progress towards optima when a niche collapses to a single individual. Our theoretical results are accompanied by experimental studies that shed light on parameters not covered by the theoretical results and support a conjectured lower runtime bound.
The Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm Copes Well with
Deception and Epistasis
Authors: Doerr Benjamin , Krejca Martin S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In their recent work, Lehre and Nguyen (2019) show that the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) needs time exponential in the parent populations size to optimize the DeceptiveLeadingBlocks (DLB) problem. They conclude from this result that univariate EDAs have difficulties with deception and epistasis. In this work, we show that this negative finding is caused by the choice of the parameters of the UMDA. When the population sizes are chosen large enough to prevent genetic drift, then the UMDA optimizes the DLB problem with high probability with at most λ(n2+2elnn) fitness evaluations. Since an offspring population size λ of order nlogn can prevent genetic drift, the UMDA can solve the DLB problem with O(n2logn) fitness evaluations. In contrast, for classic evolutionary algorithms no better runtime guarantee than O(n3) is known (which we prove to be tight for the (1+1) EA), so our result rather suggests that the UMDA can cope well with deception and epistatis. From a broader perspective, our result shows that the UMDA can cope better with local optima than many classic evolutionary algorithms; such a result was previously known only for the compact genetic algorithm. Together with the lower bound of Lehre and Nguyen, our result for the first time rigorously proves that running EDAs in the regime with genetic drift can lead to drastic performance losses.
Training Spiking Neural Networks in the Strong Coupling Regime
Authors: Kim Christopher M. , Chow Carson C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecurrent neural networks trained to perform complex tasks can provide insight into the dynamic mechanism that underlies computations performed by cortical circuits. However, due to a large number of unconstrained synaptic connections, the recurrent connectivity that emerges from network training may not be biologically plausible. Therefore, it remains unknown if and how biological neural circuits implement dynamic mechanisms proposed by the models. To narrow this gap, we developed a training scheme that, in addition to achieving learning goals, respects the structural and dynamic properties of a standard cortical circuit model: strongly coupled excitatory-inhibitory spiking neural networks. By preserving the strong mean excitatory and inhibitory coupling of initial networks, we found that most of trained synapses obeyed Dale's law without additional constraints, exhibited large trial-to-trial spiking variability, and operated in inhibition-stabilized regime. We derived analytical estimates on how training and network parameters constrained the changes in mean synaptic strength during training. Our results demonstrate that training recurrent neural networks subject to strong coupling constraints can result in connectivity structure and dynamic regime relevant to cortical circuits.