bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision on a Digital Twin of the Road-Tire-Vehicle System for Future Mobility
Authors: Kaliske Michael , Behnke Ronny , Wollny Ines 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Innovative trends such as autonomous cars and smart vehicles have gained increasing attention and will form a new mobility technology. At the same time, the appearance of smart tire systems will give rise to better tire performance, better vehicle control, and the enhancement of current intelligent systems for autonomous vehicles. In contrast, innovations for the road system, which must carry the increasing traffic loads, have been rare in recent years. However, to solve current and future challenges of mobility related to road transport (e.g., durability, safety, efficiency, ecology, cost, etc.), the potential for innovative trends and digitalization of all interacting components—vehicle, tire, and road—should be used to change the industrial ecosystem and paradigm of transport in human life. The vision of a digital twin of the road system, which is the digital/virtual image (reality model in space and time) of the vehicle, tire, and roadway, would enable, among other aspects, the future pioneering condition predictions of single components (ranging from manufacturing, service to failure state), targeted traffic control, optimal synthesis of building materials and structures, interfaces to automated driving, as well as reduction in emissions. The digital twin of the road system contains and combines all available and relevant information about the “road of the future” system from physical examinations and modeling as well as from data-driven models and further available data (e.g., real-time sensor data from the vehicle, tire and road sensors, data models, etc.). This contribution presents the current state of research, tasks, and challenges toward achieving the digital twin of the road system as well as the potential of the digital twin for future mobility.
An experimental study on settlement for gypseous soil using electrical method
Authors: Alshamary Methaq 
Published: March 2021

This paper provides an experimental study on the effect of electro-osmosis in improving the properties of gypseous soil ,two type of gypseou s soil used in this study with gypsum content of 30% and 60%. the test modle in inner size (30x30x30)cm ,water tank (50x50x35)cm and arectangular plate (5x5)cm used to simulate arigid foundation.Time settlement tests were performed for the 10 volt model in addition to the reference readings (without applying any voltage for comparison )with the applied load change where a load (20and28) T/m2used. Boundary conditions that considered as variables were the gypseous content , time , load apply and corresponding settlement. Conditions such as vertical load, depth and geometry of electrodeThe results showed a general trend of improvement where it was found percentagof emprovement increases with increasing The gypsum content due to the movement of salt ions within the soil from the anode towards the cathode reducing the occurrence of settlement.
IMUNIZAÇÃO CONTRA MALÁRIA: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Cavalcante Daniel Alexandre Lima 
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO Analisar e avaliar a atual conjuntura das pesquisas científicas na busca da imunização eficiente contra a malária, destacando alguns dos principais mecanismos imunológicos e moleculares subjacentes à referida proteção, bem como, quais as perspectivas a curto e médio prazo na busca por uma imunização eficaz.MÉTODOS: Overview de revisões sistemáticas. A busca e a seleção dos estudos transcorreram nas bases de dados da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), bem como, foram utilizadas pesquisas publicadas em outras bases de dados, as quais possuiam em seu escopo, períodicos de notável interesse na área, com descobertas inovadoras inerentes ao escopo do tema. Foram combinando os termos Malaria. Immunization. Vaccine. Epidemiology. Com seus sinônimos remissivos e outros descritores associados, no período compreendido entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Como fator preponderante dos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados revisões sistemáticas com ou sem metanálise, publicadas nos últimos 5 anos, que discorressem detalhadamente sobre o tema, ou que, a qualquer data, apresentaram alguma informação estatística ou histórica relevante, relacionada ao escopo dessa pesquisa. Como critérios de exclusão foram considerados: materiais literários e científicos, anteriores ao período de 2014 e que não apresentavam informações estatísticas ou histórica relevante ao tema, ou que, não se adequavam à temática da pesquisa supracitada. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foi realizada a análise dos títulos e resumos dos artigos e selecionados aqueles que se alinhavam ao objetivo da coleta. RESULTADOS: Dos 451 artigos identificados, 44 preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão. Na referida pesquisa foram descritas as principais características e ações biológicas proporcionadas pelas atuais vacinas para malária, assim como, os principais obstáculos a serem superados para alcançar uma vacina de estudo clínico fase IV.CONCLUSÕES: As pesquisas sistemáticas apresentadas nesse overview convergem no sentido de que erradicação a malária é uma tarefa demasiadamente complexa, a qual não será alcançada com as vacinas atuais, havendo necessidade do desenvolvimento de ferramentas imunizadoras de maior eficácia. De maneira que para se alcançar este objetivo, a indução de respostas imunológicas benéficas, minimizando os efeitos deletérios não direcionados, será essencial.
Inwestycje z zakresu transportu zbiorowego w Poznaniu w kontekście realizacji założeń polityki transportowej miasta oraz perspektywicznych priorytetów w przestrzennym rozwoju Poznania
Authors: Majewski Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

Artykuł przedstawia zrealizowane w Poznaniu inwestycje z zakresu publicznego transportu zbiorowego w kontekście realizacji założeń polityki transportowej miasta (1999), a także podjęte działania zmierzające do integracji komunikacji publicznej na obszarze aglomeracji poznańskiej oraz plany inwestycyjne dotyczące budowy nowych tras tramwajowych w Poznaniu.
Wybrane aspekty lokalizacji hoteli
Authors: Gruszka Izabela , Ilnicki Dariusz , Jakubowicz Edyta 
Published: March 2021

Na współczesnym rynku usług turystycznych jednym z głównych elementów decydujących o sukcesie lub porażce przedsięwzięcia hotelarskiego jest jego lokalizacja. Szczególne znaczenie ma to na obszarach miejskich, gdzie konkurencja jest bardzo duża, a hotele często oferują podobny standard i jakość usług; tu dogodne usytuowanie może być kluczowym czynnikiem wyboru danego obiektu. Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze aspekty lokalizacji hoteli. Problematyka rozpatrywana jest w dwóch płaszczyznach: ogólnej – dotyczącej wyboru kraju i regionu – oraz lokalnej – dotyczącej konkretnego miejsca, konkretnej lokalizacji danego hotelu. Na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu wskazano istotne tendencje odnoszące się do lokalizacji hoteli, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dużych ośrodków miejskich. Rozważania teoretyczne potwierdziły potrzebę prowadzenia dalszych studiów, w tym w konkretnych przykładowych miastach, ze względu na fakt, że baza noclegowa ulega dość szybkim zmianom i pojawiają się nowe obszary koncentracji usług hotelarskich.
The Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in Relative Permeability Upscaling for Oil-Water System
Authors: Wang Yanji , Li Hangyu , Tian Ji , Fan Ling , Xu Jianchun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Traditional two-phase relative permeability upscaling requires the fine-scale two-phase flow simulation over the target regions/blocks. It can be very computationally expensive especially for cases with multiple (hundreds of) geological realizations (as commonly used in subsurface uncertainty quantification or optimization). In this paper, we develop a machine learning assisted relative permeability upscaling procedure, in which the full numerical upscaling is performed for only a portion of the coarse blocks, while the upscaled functions for the rest of the coarse blocks are calculated by the machine learning algorithm. The upscaling procedure was tested for generic (left to right) flow problems using 2D models for scenarios involving multiple realizations. Numerical results have shown that the coarse-scale simulation results using the newly developed machine learning assisted upscaling procedure are of similar accuracy to the coarse results using full numerical upscaling. Because the fine-scale numerical simulation is only performed for a small fraction of the model, significant speedup is achieved.
Magnetic Flux Leakage Data Processing for Casing Inspection: An Inversion Approach
Authors: Assous Said , Whetton James , Bacciarelli Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Measurements of magnetic flux leakage are used extensively to map and monitor defects and corrosion in pipelines, well casings, and storage tanks. The application of this method enables locating defects and determining metal loss. The measurements have complex response characteristics, which must be understood to optimize measurement design and data processing choices. Until recently, the industry lacked an adequate first principles description of sensitivity to defect penetration and size, including the foundational cases of circular and elliptical defects. An inversion method has been developed and validated with independent synthetic and lab data. The data was obtained using an analytical forward model, finite element modeling, and laboratory data from different thickness and diameter pipes with known machined defects of different sizes and penetrations. The approach enables inverting field data to reconstruct 3D defect profiles, which helps to assess casing health and offers valuable information to the decision-maker for well integrity.
Operational Readiness Case Study for Accessibility and Mobility of Wells Real Time Centre System and Applications During Movement Control Order
Authors: Hamid Mohd Ridzuan , Meor Hashim Meor M. , Norhashimi Lokman , Arriffin Muhammad Faris , Mohamad Azlan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recent global pandemic is an unprecedented event and took the world by storm. The Movement Control Order (MCO) issued by Malaysia's government to halt the spread of the deadly infection has changed the landscape of work via a flexible working arrangement. The Wells Real Time Centre (WRTC) is not an exception and is also subjected to the change. WRTC is an in-house proactive monitoring hub, built to handle massive real-time drilling data, to support and guide wells delivery effectiveness and excellence. The functionality of the WRTC system and applications are embedded in the wells delivery workflow. The centre houses drilling specialists who are responsible for observing the smooth sailing of well construction and are tasked to intervene when necessary to avoid any unintended incidents. WRTC is equipped with myriads of engineering applications and drilling software that are vital for the operations. Such applications include monitoring software, machine learning applications, engineering modules, real-time data acquisition, and database management. These applications are mostly cloud-based and Internet-facing, hence it is accessible and agile as an infrastructure that is ready to be deployed anytime anywhere when it is required. The strategy for WRTC mobility started as soon as the MCO was announced. This announcement mandated the WRTC to operate outside of the office and required the staff to work from home. The careful coordination and preparation to transform and adapt WRTC to a new norm was greatly assisted by the infrastructure readiness. All of these factors contributed greatly to a successful arrangement with zero to minimal downtime where a workstation was set up in each personnel's home, running at full capacity. This transformation was done within one day of the notice and completed within hours of activation. Despite the successful move, few rooms for improvements such as redundancy of VPN use to access applications and limited access to some proprietary software can be enhanced in the future. WRTC is ready to be mobile and agile to support the drilling operations remotely either in the office or from home. The quick turnaround is a major indicator that WRTC infrastructure and personnel are ready and capable for remote operations without interruption.
A Novel Fourble Land Rig and its Application in Ultra Deep Well Drilling
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Junjie , Ding Mingming , Yang Xiuying , Zhou Tuo , Zhong Zhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A traditional land rig uses tribble in drilling operation. A novel fourble land rig using four joints as a unit has been researched and developed in order to promote operational efficiency in ultra deep well drilling. Design, overall plan and crucial techniques as well as the field application result of the fourble drilling rig are presented in this paper.
The fourble land drilling rig was studied based on the conventional tribble rig which utilizes three joints as a unit or a tribble. However, the novel rig adopts four joints as a unit or a fourble. Therefore, the improvement of the drilling operational efficiency could be realized by extending the length of the stand, reducing trip time and frequency, and increasing the high speed operational time of the travelling block. The extra high derrick design, fourble handling and drum roping techniques of the 9000m fourble land rig were researched.
The fourble land drilling rig with nominal drilling depth of 9,000m was designed and manufactured. The heights of the derrick and racking platform of the fouble rig were increased. The rig is able to run in hole and pull out of hole the fourble united by four joints. The high speed tripping distance gets longer, and the setback capacity gets increased. Ultra deep well drilling in the piedmont zone of Tarim basin in Xinjiang, China showed the reliable integral performance and substantial enhancement of drilling speed. The average drilling time using the fourble rig could be 15%-30% decreased as compared to that of the traditional tribble rig. The cycle of drilling would be cut down and cost of drilling would be reduced for ultra deep wells by means of the fourble rig.
Oil and gas reservoirs were deep buried in depths of 7,000m-9,000m in the submountain area of Tarim basin where the ultra deep wells drilling are increasingly growing. The novel fourble land rig was developed in high demand of efficient drilling of ultra deep wells. It filled the gap of China's drilling rig series.
The Road to Zero Routine Gas Flaring: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsuwailem Majed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGas is envisaged as the fuel of choice in the power sector and is ideal for helping to transition toward clean, sustainable, and affordable energy access. As vital as gas is for electricity generation, the petrochemical industry, the transportation sector, and heating, many oil operators either flare or vent associated gas, a by-product of oil extraction, at the wellhead or gathering stations. Gas flaring releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. It occurs for various reasons, including infrastructure and financial constraints to capture the gas, inadequate regulatory frameworks, or binding contractual rights.The World Bank estimated the amount of flared natural gas in the oil and gas industry reached 5.1 trillion cubic feet (tcf) in 2018 (World Bank 2018). The amount of energy lost due to flaring or venting this gas is equivalent to more than 770 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh). It releases more than 310 million tonnes of carbon equivalent. Many countries and oil operators have managed to mitigate gas flaring and venting across their oil and gas value chains due to these troubling statistics.One such example is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Before 1975, the Saudi oil and gas industry flared or vented over 4 billion standard cubic feet (SCF) of associated gas, a by-product of oil extraction. The flaring intensity would have increased had it not been for the construction of Saudi Arabia’s Master Gas System (MGS).The Kingdom’s gas flaring mitigation process is a successful case study of how governments and oil operators can collaborate to eliminate gas flaring by developing a domestic market for gas and enhancing the value of natural gas resources. It also demonstrates the successful transition that the kingdom had in the past five decades to achieve zero flaring through technology deployment and advancing the "reduce" component of the circular carbon economy.This paper discusses Saudi Arabia’s progress in gas flaring, the measures the government has taken thus far, and how operators have adapted to them. It also identifies many lessons learned and technological solutions that could be scaled up on a national or a corporate level to reduce gas flaring towards achieving zero routine flaring targets, especially in cases where the state owns hydrocarbon assets and leases them to private operators.
Acceleration of New Technology Qualification and Deployment for Sand Level Measurement in Production Vessels
Authors: Myo Thant Maung Maung , Che Daud M. Faizal , Shaffee Siti Nur , Chua Kien Kiet , Nissinen Antti , Kartikainen Jouni , Laakkonen Pasi , Li Alan Ong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeasurement of sand build-up in the production separators has been a challenge for field personnel due to the limitations of current technologies. Nucleonic-type level profiler has been previously implemented in a few offshore locations but limited due to special handling and permit/license requirements of radioactive material involved. Therefore, this paper aims to present the acceleration of new non-nucleonic tomographic technology testing and qualification to measure accumulating sand in separators as well as multi-disciplinary approvals for fast-track field application.The general idea in tomography is to expose the target of interest to electrical signals and measure the response of the target. With the aid of mathematical models, it is possible to infer the distribution of different materials within the target from the responses. Results of tomographic measurements are displayed on a computer as a vertical profile. The tested tomographic solution was based on a tomographic technology called Electrical Tomography. The key idea in Electrical Tomographic image construction is to find a permittivity and conductivity distribution for which the observations predicted by the model are in good agreement with actual ET measurement data and hence profiling is to be created.The test was performed at the laboratory with a full tomographic profiler setup including a test probe sensor for profiling, electronics, and a computer unit. In addition to the tomographic instrumentation, a transparent plastic vessel was used for visual observations of the accumulated sand layers. Visual observations were made simultaneously with tomographic imaging. In the test setup, we had sand, water, emulsion, and oil. The samples were placed into a transparent vessel. It was visually observed that the probe sensor was able to distinguish "wet sand-water" interface and "water-oil interface" in all the tested conditions. At the end of the test, the sand layer was flattened and packed more tightly and the change in the layer thickness was seen in the tomographic image. We concluded that the resolution of the detection of the sand layer was in the range of 1-2 cm. The technology is novel as it is a non-nucleonic profiler and a field-safe technology to be used. The profiler is intrinsically safe and certified to the most demanding IECEx class to be used in Zone 0 hazardous atmospheres.Detailed engineering of the technology to be installed at one of the production separators has proceeded. Finite Element Analysis has shown that the system can withstand turbulent conditions within the multi-phase production separator.
First-Time Insights into Hydraulic Fracturing of Unconsolidated Sands from Novel Laboratory Experiments with in-situ CT-Scanning
Authors: de Borst Karin , Tan Chee Phuat , Mat Piah M. Faizzudin , Groenenboom Jeroen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waterflooding in unconsolidated sands has been observed to frequently result in injectivity decline of injectors when operated under ‘fractured’ conditions, resulting in reduction of waterflooding value creation and potential premature injector failure. Optimization of injector design and operation is currently limited by an insufficient understanding of the mechanics of ‘fracture’ and its associated mechanisms in unconsolidated sands, and the lack of adequate quantitative tools to predict injection performance.
Utilizing in-situ CT scanning during large-scale laboratory injection experiments delivered novel insights into generation, closure and re-opening of ‘fractures’ in sand packs built from synthetic sands and highly unconsolidated downhole core material. Cavity formation was identified as main ‘fracturing’ mechanism. The cavities opened at injection pressures exceeding the confining stress and subsequently enlarged against a very low cohesive strength for the downhole core sands. This suggests material fluidization rather than shear failure as the immediate cavity initiation mechanism. Injectivity was found to be controlled by the interplay of fines transportation away from the injection region, resulting in injectivity increase, and the permanent compaction of the sand around the cavity, resulting in injectivity decrease.
These first-time insights challenge the current understanding of matrix vs ‘fractured’ injection in unconsolidated sand reservoirs and highlight the role of sand fluidization and cavity formation. Furthermore, the injectivity behaviour is dependent on the combined effects of the sand material, the presence of fines, and the injection flow regime. The knowledge of the sand destabilization and mobilization processes enable design and operation optimizationof water injectors with implications on sand control strategies and remediation measures.