bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do we effectively communicate air pollution to change public attitudes and behaviours? A review
Authors: Riley Rosie , de Preux Laure , Capella Peter , Mejia Cristian , Kajikawa Yuya , de Nazelle Audrey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolutions that engage the public are needed to tackle air pollution. Technological approaches are insufficient to bring urban air quality to recommended target levels, and miss out on opportunities to promote health more holistically through behavioural solutions, such as active travel. Behaviour change is not straightforward, however, and is more likely to be achieved when communication campaigns are based on established theory and evidence-based practices. We systematically reviewed the academic literature on air pollution communication campaigns aimed at influencing air pollution-related behaviour. Based on these findings, we developed an evidence-based framework for stimulating behaviour change through engagement. Across the 37 studies selected for analyses, we identified 28 different behaviours assessed using a variety of designs including natural and research-manipulated experiments, cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys and focus groups. While avoidance behaviour (e.g. reducing outdoor activity) followed by contributing behaviours (e.g. reducing idling) were by far the most commonly studied, supporting behaviour (e.g. civil engagement) shows promising results, with the added benefit that supporting local and national policies may eventually lead to the removal of social and physical barriers that prevent wider behavioural changes. Providing a range of actionable information will reduce disengagement due to feelings of powerlessness. Targeted localized information will appear more immediate and engaging, and positive framing will prevent cognitive dissonance whereby people rationalize their behaviour to avoid living with feelings of unease. Communicating the co-benefits of action may persuade individuals with different drivers but as an effective solution, it remains to be explored. Generally, finding ways to connect with people’s emotions, including activating social norms and identities and creating a sense of collective responsibility, provide promising yet under-explored directions. Smartphones provide unique opportunities that enable flexible and targeted engagement, but care must be taken to avoid transferring responsibility for action from national and local authorities onto individuals. Multidisciplinary teams involving artists, members of the public, community and pressure groups, policy makers, researchers, and businesses, are needed to co-create the stories and tools that can lead to effective action to tackle air pollution through behavioural solutions.
Fixed point–critical point hybrid theorems and application to systems with partial variational structure
Authors: Benedetti Irene , Cardinali Tiziana , Precup Radu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, fixed point arguments and a critical point technique are combined leading to hybrid existence results for a system of two operator equations where only one of the equations has a variational structure. An application to periodic solutions of a semi-variational system is given to illustrate the theory.
Too many cooks spoil the broth: on the impact of external advisors on mergers and acquisitions
Authors: McCarthy Killian J. , Noseleit Florian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlmost 60% of mergers and acquisitions are concluded with the aid of multiple third-party advisors. While there has been work on the impact of advisors, the theoretical and empirical implications of using multiple advisors remain unclear. Using insights from the "cheap talk" literature, we derive hypotheses on the impact of multiple advisors. Expanding upon this, we then consider the moderating impact of advisor reputation/quality and deal timing (in terms of merger wave periods vs. non-merger wave periods), as factors that both the cheap talk and the literature on single advisors highlight as relevant. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 10,544 large US acquisitions, and evaluate the impact of advisors using an event study and abnormal returns. Our results support a value-creating role for single advisors—we find that deals with single advisors create a higher expectation of value-creation—but find little support for the use of multiple advisors. Furthermore, we show that the moderating effect of advisor reputation, and deal timing, are contingent on the number of advisors. In doing so, we make a number of academic and practical contributions to the discussion of advisors in mergers and acquisitions.
From using heat to using work: reconceptualising the zero carbon energy transition
Authors: Eyre Nick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that the key sources of energy for the zero carbon transition will be renewable electricity sources. The most rapidly expanding sources, photovoltaics and wind produce work, as electricity, directly rather than via heat engines. Making the assumption that these will be the dominant sources of energy in a future zero carbon system, the paper makes two new related and innovative contributions to the literature on the energy transition. First, it shows that the energy transition will be more than just a shift away from carbonaceous fuels, and that it is more usefully thought of as including a systemic shift from heat-producing to work-producing energy sources. Secondly, it shows that this enables very large improvements in the conversion efficiency of final energy, through the use of electricity and hydrogen, in particular in heating and transportation. The paper presents a thought experiment showing a reduction in final energy demand of up to 40% is likely from this effect alone. Technical standards and product regulation for end use conversion efficiency and/or service delivery efficiency seem likely to be key policy instruments.
Impact and Determinants of Structural Barriers on Physical Activity in People with Cancer
Authors: Depenbusch Johanna , Wiskemann Joachim , Haussmann Alexander , Tsiouris Angeliki , Schmidt Laura , Ungar Nadine , Sieverding Monika , Steindorf Karen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
A better understanding of the role of structural barriers for physical activity (PA) after a cancer diagnosis could help to increase PA among people with cancer. Thus, the present study aimed to identify determinants of structural barriers to PA in people with cancer and investigate the association between structural barriers and insufficient post-diagnosis PA, taking different PA change patterns into account.

Methods
A total of 1299 people with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer completed a questionnaire assessing their socio-demographic and medical characteristics, pre- and post-diagnosis PA, and perceived PA impediment by seven structural barriers. Regression analyses were used to investigate determinants of the perception of structural barriers and to examine the association between structural barriers and insufficient post-diagnosis PA, also with regard to different pre-diagnosis PA levels.

Results
Overall 30–60% of participants indicated to feel impeded by structural barriers. The analyses revealed a younger age, higher BMI, lower educational level, no current work activity, co-morbidities, and lacking physicians’ exercise counseling as significant determinants of the perception of structural barriers. Individuals reporting stronger impediments by structural barriers were significantly less likely to be meeting PA guidelines post-diagnosis, particularly those with sufficient pre-diagnosis PA levels.

Conclusions
The study highlights the need for tailored PA programs for people with cancer as well as for more guidance and support in overcoming structural barriers to improve PA behavior.
The study has been registered under NCT02678832 at clinicaltrials.gov on February 10th 2016.
Whole genome sequences from non-invasively collected caribou faecal samples
Authors: Taylor Rebecca S. , Manseau Micheline , Redquest Bridget , Keobouasone Sonesinh , Gagné Patrick , Martineau Christine , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConservation genomics is an important tool to manage threatened species under current biodiversity loss. Recent advances in sequencing technology mean that we can now use whole genomes to investigate demographic history, local adaptation, inbreeding, and more in unprecedented detail. However, for many rare and elusive species only non-invasive samples such as faeces can be obtained, making it difficult to take advantage of whole genome data. We present a method to extract DNA from the mucosal layer of faecal samples to re-sequence high coverage whole genomes using standard laboratory techniques. We use wild collected faecal pellets collected from caribou (Rangifer tarandus), a species undergoing declines in many parts of its range in Canada and subject to comprehensive conservation and population monitoring measures. We compare four faecal genomes to two tissue genomes sequenced in the same run. Quality metrics were similar between faecal and tissue samples with the main difference being the alignment success of raw reads to the reference genome due to differences in low quality and endogenous DNA content, affecting overall coverage. One of our faecal genomes was only re-sequenced at low coverage (1.6 ×), however the other three obtained between 7 and 15 ×, compared to 19 and 25 × for the tissue samples. We successfully re-sequenced high-quality whole genomes from faecal DNA and are one of the first to obtain genome-wide data from wildlife faecal DNA in a non-primate species. Our work represents an important advancement for non-invasive conservation genomics.
Coastal atmospheres: the peninsula of the blessed and the art of noticing
Authors: Krauß Werner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, I explore the atmosphere of Dangast, a coastal village located at the Jadebusen, a huge bay at the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony. To write about atmospheres means evoking a specific forcefield, which is different from observing and analyzing an object from a distance. In the first part, I write about my own experience of the coastal atmosphere by “looking around rather than ahead,” as Tsing (2015) defined the art of noticing. Based on his paintings, on literature, and interviews, I show in the second part how a local artist, the painter Franz Radziwill, made the specific atmosphere of Dangast explicit. Finally, I follow a citizens’ initiative on their way to preserve the specific atmosphere of this coastal village as an artists’ place. In doing so, I provide a detailed insight into the atmospheres of democracy, which define how transitions take place and decisions are taken locally. In the conclusion, I argue that the focus on coastal atmospheres is a way to transcend the boundaries between nature and culture and to undermine the teleological argument of growth and development which more often than not shape coastal politics.
Ecolabeled seafood and sustainable consumption in the Canadian context: issues and insights from a survey of seafood consumers
Authors: Winson Anthony , Choi Jin Young , Hunter Devan , Ramsundar Chantelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe concept of sustainable consumption is a much debated practice that has been seen as an outcome of the emergence ofecological citizenship—a concept that brings together the citizen and the environment in a framework that is underlined by social justice considerations and incorporates a vision of citizenship that involves both the private sphere and the public sphere of human activity. This study examines Canadian consumer awareness and uptake of certified sustainable seafood. We introduce the conceptsecological citizenshipandsustainable consumptionas a way of framing our research. Seafood ecolabels may be a valuable tool in translating general environmental concern about the marine environment into more sustainable fisheries practices. We conducted an on-site consumer survey in the Greater Toronto Area and a nearby city. Our findings showed that in contrast to high levels of awareness of the importance of the marine environment and the sustainability of seafood, consumers had a limited understanding about the meaning of sustainability in the case of seafood, and little knowledge about actual ecolabels found in the Canadian marketplace. Attitudes towards the marine environment and sustainable seafood, understanding of the meaning of seafood sustainability, and purchasing behaviors of sustainable seafood were significantly different by some socio-demographic characteristics. Positive attitudes towards the marine environment and sustainable seafood and better understanding of seafood sustainability were significantly associated with the increased purchasing of ecolabeled seafood. Lack of understanding of ecolabels, limited information about product sustainability, and lack of in-store guidance were identified as key barriers to purchasing ecolabeled seafood products.
A retrospective clinical study on the resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions: the operator’s effect
Authors: Diab E. , Hesse D. , Bonifacio C. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This retrospective university-based study investigated the effect of operators’ training and previous experience on the success of resin infiltration (RI) in arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth.

Methods
Information was collected regarding RI of proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth with a follow-up period up to 32 months. Factors investigated were: operators’ clinical experience and training, patient’s age, tooth, arch, mouth-side, surface treated, tooth separation, and baseline lesion depth. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analysis with shared frailty were used (α = 5%).

Results
A total of 130 proximal surfaces treated on 115 teeth of 43 children (11 ± 4.4 years) were evaluated. Survival of RI was 46% up to 32 months. Lesions treated by non-trained dentists were more likely-to-present progression than those performed by non-trained dental students under supervision (HR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.00–5.80); conversely, no difference was found between non-trained dental students under supervision and trained dentists (HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.16–1.70). Additionally, dentin lesions were 59% more-likely-to-present progression than enamel lesions (HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.99).

Conclusion
The operator’s experience and training could influence the success of RI on proximal non-cavitated caries lesions and it should be taken into consideration when choosing this treatment modality.
Making sense of gas measurements: quantification of multicomponent gas mixtures in biological and chemical laboratory experiments
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Kretzschmar Jörg , dos Santos Tatiane Regina , Härtig Claus , Harnisch Falk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTextbooks in physical chemistry start from the treatise of the ideal gas. Gaseous compounds are important reactants and products of (bio)chemical reactions, and thus their absolute amounts are needed to establish mass balances. However, in contrast to solid, for dissolved and liquid compounds, their qualitative and especially quantitative analysis is less widely established in biological and chemical laboratories. This can be mainly ascribed to the seemingly simple chemical nature of gaseous compounds that is in contrast to the effort needed for their precise quantification. In this article, we will guide the reader through the considerations and steps needed to perform a meaningful analysis of multicomponent gas mixtures, which are reactants for or products of (bio)chemical reactions in aqueous solutions in the laboratory environment and scale. After a brief introduction, special focus is set on the methods for quantification and calculations needed to derive absolute amounts of gases in a mixture. The overall concept will be exemplified by biogas production as well as by an electroorganic reaction (Kolbe electrolysis of n-hexanoic acid), and general pitfalls will be highlighted.
Popular cultural representations of postfeminist religiosity in the International Christian Fellowship: an analysis of the “Ladies Lounge 2021” webpage
Authors: Freudenberg Maren , Sharbat Dar Dunja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFemininity and female gender roles in conservative religious environments are highly disputed topics both within communities of faith and in sociological discourse. In light of social transformations of gender perceptions in the past decades, conservative Christians have had to reevaluate traditional understandings of womanhood in societies that have become steeped in popular culture and thoroughly mediatized. Taking this development as a point of departure, this article examines how femininity is represented in the International Christian Fellowship, particularly on its “Ladies Lounge” webpage. Advertising an annual event geared exclusively towards women, the website’s landing page contains images and text that we examine by means of visual and textual sequence analysis. Our research results reveal that women are depicted as sensually attractive and self-confidently professional while at the same time being relegated to an exclusively female sphere within (but not beyond) which they wield authority and influence. As such, femininity is represented as self-empowering, but only within a specific, postfeminist framework. This ambivalent depiction of women’s agency challenges conservative Evangelical values at the same time as it affirms them. In this sense, the study contributes the growing body of literature on gender and Evangelicalism.
A review of the use of simple time-domain NMR/MRI for material-science
Authors: Webber J. Beau W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe intention of this discussion is as a simple introduction for general—non-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-specialist—materials scientists, to make them aware as to how some of the materials science measurements that they need to make might possibly be addressed by simple physical measurements using low-cost time-domain NMR apparatus. The intention is to include a minimum of complex NMR detail, while enabling general material-scientists to see that simple easily understood time-domain NMR might be of use to them. That is how I have tried to structure this discussion. It seems to me be generally forgotten how much of materials science is actually physics, as opposed to chemistry, and the extent to which simple time-domain NMR may be used to make measurements of the physical properties of materials. There frequently seems to be an assumption that if NMR is mentioned that it is chemical analysis methods that are under discussion, or possibly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These are both extremely powerful techniques, but to forget about the physics that often governs the properties of the sample can be a significant mistake. Key material science properties are often described in different fields using the terms mobility/dynamics/stiffness/viscosity/rigidity of the sample. These properties are usually dependent on atomic and molecular motion in the sample. We will discuss a method, time-domain NMR, that appears often to be ignored, to obtain quantitative or comparative information on these properties. The intention of this paper is not to probe the material properties of some interesting system, but to discuss in as clear a manner as possible a particular technique, “low-field time-domain NMR”, to bring this technique and its advantages to the attention of other material scientists. Thus we discuss time-domain NMR and MRI, as methods of measuring the physical properties of liquid and solid materials. Time-domain NMR is also a good technique for measuring pore-size distributions from the nano-meter to microns, using a technique known as NMR cryoporometry (NMRC). Standard MRI protocols may be combined with NMRC, so that spatial resolution of pore dimensions may also be obtained. Low-field time-domain NMR is, at its fundamentals, a very approachable and easily comparative technique, where the material properties may often be extracted from the time-domain data much more simply than from say high-field high-resolution spectral data. In addition, low-field time-domain NMR apparatus is typically a factor of 10 to 100 times cheaper than high-field high-resolution solid-state NMR systems.
Optimal PID and fuzzy logic based position controller design of an overhead crane using the Bees Algorithm
Authors: Esleman Esmael Adem , Önal Gürol , Kalyoncu Mete 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifferent industrial applications frequently use overhead cranes for moving and lifting huge loads. It applies to civil construction, metallurgical production, rivers, and seaports. The primary purpose of this paper is to control the motion/position of the overhead crane using a PID controller using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bee Algorithms (BA) as optimization tools. Moreover, Fuzzy Logic modified PID Controller is applied to obtain better controller parameters. The mathematical model uses an analytical method, and the PID model employs Simulink in MATLAB. The paper presents the PID parameters determination with a different approach. The development of membership functions, fuzzy rules employ the Fuzzy Logic toolbox. Both inputs and outputs use triangular membership functions. The result shows that the optimized value of the PID controller with the Ziegler-Nichols approach is time-consuming and will provide only the initial parameters. However, PID parameters obtained with the optimization method using GA and BA reached the target values. The results obtained with the fuzzy logic controller (0.227% overshoot) show improvement in overshoot than the conventional PID controller (0.271% overshoot).
Alternative Method to Evaluate Performance Improvement Rate in Athletics Middle Distance Events
Authors: Barbosa Lucas Pinheiro , Santos Patrick Aguiar , Aguiar Samuel Silva , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Knechtle Beat , Sousa Caio Victor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate (PIR) that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best, mainly those seeking for national, continental or even world record (WR) in middle-distance events. We further compared the improvement rate of women vs. men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance events

Method
The top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m, 1500 m, and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record (PR). The difference between PR (‘actual’ season) and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate (1-SIR), whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate (M-SIR). 1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete.

Result
There were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size (d = − 0.746) in 1-SIR (P = 0.001) and very large (d = − 2.249) in M-SIR (P = 0.001). Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events (P = 0.001) and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events (P = 0.533).

Conclusion
Women improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races. However, in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.