bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of tropical convective enhancement in Pacific on the trend of stratospheric sudden warmings in Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Li Yuanpu , Wen Zhiping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe exploration of the trend in stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) is conducive to predict SSWs in the future. Utilizing the National Centre for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis (NCEP) (1948–2020) and Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA55) (1958–2020), we investigated the duration and strength of SSWs in the Northern Hemisphere occurred in the boreal winter (December–February). We found the duration of SSWs tends to increase and the strength of SSWs tends to strengthen from 1948 to 2003. After 2003, these trends did not continue. We utilized the observed cloudiness from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) to find that the convective activities in the tropical Central Pacific were enhanced during 1948–2003, and the enhancement of the convective activities did not continue after 2003. The circulation anomalies caused by the enhanced convective activities propagate to the high latitudes through wave trains. The anomalies of circulation and the climatological circulation at high latitudes interfere with each other and superimpose, which has a significant impact on planetary wave 1 (PW1). As a result, the PW1 also showed an increasing trend from 1948 to 2003 and a decreasing trend after 2003. After the stratosphere filters out the planetary wave with a large wavenumber, PW1 accounts for more proportion of planetary waves, which causes the trend in SSWs to change.
Salvage surgery for continent ileostomies (CI) after a first successful revision: more long-term blame on the reservoir than the nipple valve
Authors: Ecker Karl-Wilhelm , Tönsmann Mathias , Ecker Nils Karl Josef , Möslein Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate the underlying cause of long-term complications in patients requiring at least one revision surgery of a continent ileostomy (CI) and to analyze functional outcome.

Methods
Only patients with CI at least one revision were included in the retrospective data analysis. Four different classes of complications (Cl A–D) were defined: Cl A = Nipple valve (NV), Cl B = pouch, Cl C = outlet (stoma), and Cl D = afferent loop (AL). Associations between underlying disease and origin of complications were analyzed. Cumulative probabilities were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
A total of 77 patients were identified with a follow-up of 30 years, requiring 133 surgeries for 148 complications (c.). Cl A 49 c. (33.1%), Cl B 50 c. (33.8%), Cl C 39 c. (26.4%), and Cl D 10 c. (6.8%). Cl A and C complications were not correlated to underlying disease, whereas Cl B and D complications were only found in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The cumulative probability of a second revision showed a linear rise, reaching 62.5% after 20 years. Cl A and B complications both reached 42.1%. Eleven (14.3%) patients (10 Cl B) had pouch failure in a follow-up period of 11.5 ± 8.7 years (1–31 years), whereas 66 (85.7%) had successful revisional surgery. Overall CI survival was 78.8% at 44 years.

Conclusion
CI survival is limited by inflammatory complications of the pouch based on the underlying disease and not by mechanical limitations of the NV.

Trial registration numbers
None.
Hemp and buckwheat are valuable sources of dietary amino acids, beneficially modulating gastrointestinal hormones and promoting satiety in healthy volunteers
Authors: Neacsu Madalina , Vaughan Nicholas J. , Multari Salvatore , Haljas Elisabeth , Scobbie Lorraine , Duncan Gary J. , Cantlay Louise , Fyfe Claire , Anderson Susan , Horgan Graham , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Russell Wendy R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated the postprandial effects following consumption of buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp and lupin compared to meat (beef); focussing on biomarkers of satiety, gut hormones, aminoacids and plant metabolites bioavailability and metabolism.

Methods
Ten subjects (n = 3 men; n = 7 women; 42 ± 11.8 years of age; BMI 26 ± 5.8 kg/m2) participated in six 1-day independent acute interventions, each meal containing 30 g of protein from buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp, lupin and meat (beef). Blood samples were collected during 24-h and VAS questionnaires over 5-h.

Results
Volunteers consumed significantly higher amounts of most amino acids from the meat meal, and with few exceptions, postprandial composition of plasma amino acids was not significantly different after consuming the plant-based meals. Buckwheat meal was the most satious (300 min hunger scores, p < 0.05).Significant increase in GLP-1 plasma (AUC, iAUC p = 0.01) found after hemp compared with the other plant-based meals. Decreased plasma ghrelin concentrations (iAUC p < 0.05) found on plant (hemp) vs. meat meal. Several plasma metabolites after hemp meal consumption were associated with hormone trends (partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA): 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, indole 3-pyruvic acid, 5-hydoxytryptophan, genistein and biochanin A with GLP-1, PYY and insulin; 3-hydroxymandelic acid and luteolidin with GLP-1 and ghrelin and 4-hydroxymandelic acid, benzoic acid and secoisolariciresinol with insulin and ghrelin. Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), (iAUC, p < 0.001); and phenylalanine and tyrosine (iAUC, p < 0.05) were lower after buckwheat comparison with meat meal.

Conclusion
Plants are valuable sources of amino acids which are promoting satiety. The impact of hemp and buckwheat on GLP-1 and, respectively, BCAAs should be explored further as could be relevant for aid and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Study registered with clinicaltrial.gov on 12th July 2013, study ID number: NCT01898351.
From marginal outcrops to basin interior: a new perspective on the sedimentary evolution of the eastern Pannonian Basin
Authors: Bartha István Róbert , Botka Dániel , Csoma Vivien , Katona Lajos Tamás , Tóth Emőke , Magyar Imre , Silye Lóránd , Sztanó Orsolya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSedimentary successions exposed at basin margins as a result of late-stage inversion, uplift and erosion usually represent only a limited portion of the entire basin fill; thus, they are highly incomplete records of basin evolution. Small satellite basins, however, might have the potential of recording more complete histories. The late Miocene sedimentary history of the Șimleu Basin, a north-eastern satellite of the vast Pannonian Basin, was investigated through the study of large outcrops and correlative well-logs. A full transgressive–regressive cycle is reconstructed, which formed within a ca. 1 million-year time frame (10.6–9.6 Ma). The transgressive phase is represented by coarse-grained deltas overlain by deep-water lacustrine marls. Onset of the regressive phase is indicated by sandy turbidite lobes and channels, followed by slope shales, and topped by stacked deltaic lobes and fluvial deposits. The deep- to shallow-water sedimentary facies are similar to those deposited in the central, deep part of the Pannonian Basin. The Șimleu Basin is thus a close and almost complete outcrop analogue of the Pannonian Basin’s lacustrine sedimentary record known mainly from subsurface data, such as well-logs, cores and seismic sections from the basin interior. This study demonstrates that deposits of small satellite basins may reflect the whole sequence of processes that shaped the major basin, although at a smaller spatial and temporal scale.
Energy Requirement for Rock Breakage in Laboratory Experiments and Engineering Operations: A Review
Authors: Zhang Zong-Xian , Ouchterlony Finn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the review of a wide range of literature, this paper finds that: (1) the average specific surface energy of various single crystals is only 0.8 J/m2. (2) The average specific fracture energy of the rocks with a pre-crack under static cleavage tests is 4.6 J/m2. (3) The average specific fracture energy of the rocks with a pre-cut notch but with no pre-crack under static tensile fracture (mode I) tests is 4.6 J/m2. (4) The average specific fracture energies of regular rock specimens with neither pre-made crack nor pre-cut notch are 26.6, 13.9 and 25.7 J/m2under uniaxial compression, tension and shear tests, respectively. (5) The average specific fracture energy of irregular single quartz particles under uniaxial compression is 13.8 J/m2. (6) The average specific fracture energy of particle beds under drop weight tests is 74.0 J/m2. (7) The average specific fracture energy of multi-particles in milling tests is 72.5 J/m2. (8) The average specific energy of rocks in percussive drilling is 399 J/m3, that in full-scale cutting is 131 J/m3, and that in rotary drilling is 157 J/m3. (9) The average energy efficiency of milling is only 1.10%. (10) The accurate measurements of specific fracture energy in blasting are too few to draw reliable conclusions. In the last part of the paper, the effects of inter-granular displacement, loading rate, confining pressure, surface area measurement, premade crack, attrition and thermal energy on the specific fracture energy of rock are discussed.
Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio is a possible prognostic factor for type 1 endometrial cancer
Authors: Wada Michiko , Yamaguchi Ken , Yamakage Hajime , Inoue Takayuki , Kusakabe Toru , Abiko Kaoru , Takakura Kenji , Konishi Ikuo , Satoh-Asahara Noriko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Associations have been observed between obesity defined by the body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of endometrial cancer. However, the impact of obesity on the prognosis of endometrial cancer is not yet clear. Recently, visceral fat has been considered to have a greater impact on malignant disease in obese patients than subcutaneous fat. In this study, we investigated the association between prognostic factors of type 1 and type 2 endometrial cancer and obesity parameters.

Methods
The impacts of clinical factors on the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed retrospectively in 145 primary endometrial cancer patients. The factors included age, BMI, pathological findings, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, status of lymph node metastasis, and the amounts of visceral and subcutaneous fat obtained from computed tomography (CT) data.

Results
Only the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio) (cutoff value 0.5) corresponded to a significant difference in OS and PFS in type 1 endometrial cancer (p = 0.0080, p = 0.0053) according to the results of log-rank tests of Kaplan–Meier curves. The COX regression univariate analysis revealed that only the V/S ratio was a significant prognostic factor for PFS, but not OS (p = 0.033 and p = 0.270, respectively).

Conclusion
A V/S ratio > 0.5 is a possible factor for poor prognosis in type 1 endometrial cancer. Further research is needed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of reducing visceral fat on the prognosis of this type of cancer.
The effect of iron on Chilean Alexandrium catenella growth and paralytic shellfish toxin production as related to algal blooms
Authors: Yarimizu Kyoko , Mardones Jorge I. , Paredes-Mella Javier , Norambuena-Subiabre Luis , Carrano Carl J. , Maruyama Fumito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. Blooms of this species have repeatedly brought severe ecological and economic impacts to Chile, especially in the southern region, where the shellfish and salmon industries are world-famous. The mechanisms of such HABs have been intensively studied but are still unclear. Nutrient overloading is one of the often-discussed drivers for HABs. The present study used the A. catenella strain isolated from southern Chile to investigate how iron conditions could affect their growth and toxin production as related to HAB. Our results showed that an optimum concentration of iron was pivotal for proper A. catenella growth. Thus, while excess iron exerted a toxic effect, low iron media led to iron insufficiency and growth inhibition. In addition, the study shows that the degree of paralytic shellfish toxin production by A. catenella varied depending on the iron concentration in the culture media. The A. catenella strain from southern Chile produced GTX1-4 exclusively in the fmol cell−1 scale. Based on these findings, we suggest that including iron and paralytic shellfish toxin measurements in the fields can improve the current HAB monitoring and contribute to an understanding of A. catenella bloom dynamics in Chile.
Environmental matching reveals non-uniform range-shift patterns in benthic marine Crustacea
Authors: Simões Marianna V. P. , Saeedi Hanieh , Cobos Marlon E. , Brandt Angelika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that marine species respond to ocean warming by shifting ranges poleward and/or into deeper depths. However, future distributional patterns of deep-sea organisms, which comprise the largest ecosystem of Earth, remain poorly known. We explore potential horizontal range shifts of benthic shallow-water and deep-sea Crustacea due to climatic changes within the remainder of the century, and discuss the results in light of species-specific traits related to invasiveness. Using a maximum entropy approach, we estimated the direction and magnitude of distributional shifts for 94 species belonging to 12 orders of benthic marine crustaceans, projected to the years 2050 and 2100. Distance, direction, and species richness shifts between climate zones were estimated conservatively, by considering only areas suitable, non-extrapolative, and adjacent to the currently known distributions. Our hypothesis is that species will present poleward range-shifts, based on results of previous studies. Results reveal idiosyncratic and species-specific responses, with prevailing poleward shifts and a decline of species richness at mid-latitudes, while more frequent shifts between temperate to polar regions were recovered. Shallow-water species are expected to shift longer distances than deep-sea species. Net gain of suitability is slightly higher than the net loss for shallow-water species, while for deep-sea species, the net loss is higher than the gain in all scenarios. Our estimates can be viewed as a set of hypotheses for future analytical and empirical studies, and will be useful in planning and executing strategic interventions and developing conservation strategies.
Improvement of online monitoring of drinking water quality for the city of Prague and the surrounding areas
Authors: Soldán Přemysl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the article, a new method of continuous monitoring of the biological quality of raw and treated waters at the Želivka Water Treatment Plant is suggested and assessed. This water treatment plant is one of the largest water treatment plants in Europe and the largest water treatment plant in the Czech Republic with a maximum projected peak output of 7 m3.s−1 and current output of around 3 m3.s−1 of drinking water. It is the largest water treatment plant for Prague which is the capital city of the Czech Republic. Additionally, this water treatment plant also supplies drinking water to the Central Bohemia and Vysočina regions. The main intention of the research was to suggest a new system of monitoring, which can guarantee a more reliable continuous control of the safe drinking water supply for the city of Prague and the surrounding area. The suggested method represents a completely new approach to monitoring the biological quality of drinking water in the Czech Republic using the DaphTox apparatus, only two of which exist in the Czech Republic. The article describes the experience and knowledge gained during the operation of such a monitoring system, including a description of the necessary measures to ensure its proper operation with a focus on the pre-treatment of raw and chlorinated waters. Recommended simple pre-treatment methods secure optimal living conditions for monitoring organisms and have no impact on the original biological quality of monitored water which is a necessary condition for proper monitoring of biological quality.
“Farming with Alternative Pollinators” approach increases pollinator abundance and diversity in faba bean fields
Authors: Sentil Ahlam , Lhomme Patrick , Michez Denis , Reverté Sara , Rasmont Pierre , Christmann Stefanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPollinators are threatened worldwide and strategies and measures to support their conservation are proliferating. Among them, the approach “Farming with Alternative Pollinators” (FAP) aims to support pollinators by seeding strips of pollinator-attracting cultivated plants surrounding the crops, and simultaneously providing income to the farmer. In this study we assessed whether this approach supports pollinator diversity in agro-ecosystems and increases flower visitor diversity and abundance in faba bean fields in north-west Morocco. We tested the impact of FAP using a variety of marketable habitat enhancement plants (MHEP): flax, coriander, arugula, chia and canola. A total of 62 pollinator species were recorded, among which almost half of them are new records for the region. Most wild pollinators recorded in faba bean were digger bees (genusAnthophora) and long-horn bees (genusEucera). MHEP shared diverse flower visitors with faba bean and hosted diverse pollinator groups that did not meet their food requirements from the main crop. The FAP approach highly increased flower visitor abundance and diversity in the whole FAP fields, however it did not generate significant pollinator spillover towards the main crop. Implications for insect conservation: our results show that the FAP approach is an effective approach to mitigate pollinator decline in agro-ecosystems.
Explicit Blowing Up Solutions for a Higher Order Parabolic Equation with Hessian Nonlinearity
Authors: Escudero Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work we consider a nonlinear parabolic higher order partial differential equation that has been proposed as a model for epitaxial growth. This equation possesses both global-in-time solutions and solutions that blow up in finite time, for which this blow-up is mediated by its Hessian nonlinearity. Herein, we further analyze its blow-up behaviour by means of the construction of explicit solutions in the square, the disc, and the plane. Some of these solutions show complete blow-up in either finite or infinite time. Finally, we refine a blow-up criterium that was proved for this evolution equation. Still, existent blow-up criteria based on a priori estimates do not completely reflect the singular character of these explicit blowing up solutions.
Absolute Poverty and Sound Public Finance in the Eurozone
Authors: Canale Rosaria Rita , Liotti Giorgio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe respect of fiscal parameters is supposed to be – according to the official position of the European institutions – the best recipe for granting stability and growth. This optimistic view appears to be in contrast with the recent increase in poverty. The aim of this paper is to individuate the existence of a relation between governments’ decisions about fiscal policy and absolute poverty in 19 Eurozone countries from 2005 to 2017. The attempt is to answer the question as to whether the effect on growth generated by fiscal policy measures can account for the objective of poverty alleviation. The results support the conclusion that absolute poverty increases in the presence of a restrictive fiscal policy, while it decreases in the opposite case. During declining macroeconomic conditions, national governments belonging to the Eurozone appear to be unable to reconcile the objective of sound public finance with that of poverty alleviation.
Multiple action options in the context of time: When exams approach, students study more and experience fewer motivational conflicts
Authors: Capelle Jan Dirk , Grunschel Carola , Bachmann Olga , Knappe Miriam , Fries Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUniversity students’ study motivation in a particular moment is shaped by contextual factors such as upcoming exams and conflicts between different action tendencies. We investigated how these two contextual factors are related. Based on the theoretical assumption that students’ in-the-moment study motivation increases relative to their motivation for other activities as exams approach, we investigated how students’ study activities and their experience of motivational action conflicts develop when exams come closer in time. Using the experience sampling method, we tracked the in-situ activities and conflict experience of 134 first-semester university students over one week and a total of 4995 measurement points just before exams. Multilevel logistic regression revealed that the probability to study increased by 13.9% and the probability to experience a motivational conflict decreased by 17.5% each day the exam came closer in time. Multilevel regression showed that motivational conflicts were more intense the closer the exam was in time. Students were generally less likely to experience conflicts while studying and experienced more intense conflicts when the conflicting activity was study related. We discuss that both multiple goals and the temporal distance of relevant events should be considered as relevant contexts shaping the situated motivation of university students.
Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue–Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model
Authors: Leisengang Stephan , Heilen Laura B. , Klymiuk Michele C. , Nürnberger Franz , Ott Daniela , Wolf-Hofmann Kathrin , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Rummel Christoph , Schmidt Martin J. , Arnhold Stefan , Roth Joachim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Neuroinflammation within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord induces inflammatory pain with symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Glial activation and production of inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines) is associated with modulation of nociceptive signalling. In this context, medicinal signalling cells, e.g. obtained from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), gained attention due to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response in several diseases, e.g. spinal cord injury. We applied the recently established mixed neuroglial primary cell culture of the rat SDH to investigate effects of AdMSCs on the inflammatory response of SDH cells. Following establishment of a co-cultivation system, we performed specific bioassays for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in cytokine production and glial activation upon inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) by SDH cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of AdMSCs. Further evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of AdMSCs derived from a blunted LPS-induced TNFα/IL-10 expression ratio and suppressed nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in SDH microglial cells. Expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was detected in AdMSCs, which are putative candidates for anti-inflammatory capacities of these cells. We present a novel co-cultivation system of AdMSCs with neuroglial primary cultures of the SDH to investigate immunomodulatory effects of AdMSCs at a cellular level.