bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction and the Efficacy of Ivabradine Therapy Post-CABG Surgery
Authors: Khedr Wael E. , Elashmawy Hesham , Alawady Samir , Attia Ashraf E. , Salama Samir R. , Helmy Eman D. , Mahmoud Ahmed E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diastolic dysfunction is common in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study investigates the effects of ivabradine, a selective inhibitor of the cardiac pacemaker current (If), on diastolic function following CABG.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective cohort study included sixty adult patients with coronary artery disease and preserved systolic left ventricular function but with diastolic dysfunction (DD). Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group I received standard postoperative medical therapy with ivabradine (5.0–7.5 mg BID), initiated early after surgery, whereas Group II received standard postoperative medical therapy alone. Exclusion criteria included those having concomitant valvular or pericardial disease, atrial fibrillation, and contraindications to ivabradine. Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial dimensions, filling velocities, tissue Doppler imaging, and deceleration time, were assessed preoperatively, at 7 days postoperatively and at 90 days.

Results:
Group I exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure and hematocrit levels and elevated levels of creatine kinase-MB and LDH, along with reductions in left atrial volume, aortic diameter, and right ventricular diameter, whereas Group II showed decreased platelet counts, ejection fraction, and isovolumic relaxation time; an improvement in diastolic function, and lack of tendency toward normalization of DD.

Conclusion:
The addition of ivabradine to standard postoperative therapy may enhance diastolic function in patients post-CABG surgery. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings.
Effect of Abdominal Girth and Vertebral Column Length on the Spread of Spinal Anesthesia with Fixed-dose Plain 0.5% Levobupivacaine
Authors: Mahendru Kiran , Wadhwa Bharti , Saxena Kirti Nath 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The spread of spinal anesthesia can be unpredictable and is influenced by various factors. A high spinal block increases the incidence of hemodynamic instability and duration of hospital stay, whereas a low level of block may result in inadequate surgical anesthesia. It has been hypothesized that body shape metrics in terms of abdominal girth (AG) and vertebral column length (VCL) influence the spread of local anesthetic within the subarachnoid space and the level of sensory block achieved. We explored the effects of AG, VCL, and their ratio on the level of sensory block achieved after the administration of a fixed dose of levobupivacaine.

Methods:
Fifty patients, ASA Grade Ι-ΙΙ, from 18 to 60 years of age scheduled for elective lower abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb surgery were enrolled in this observational study. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), AG, and VCL were recorded preoperatively. Subarachnoid block was administered with 3 ml of 0.5% plain levobupivacaine in all patients using a standard 25G Quincke needle in lateral decubitus position through midline approach at the L3L4 intervertebral space. The correlation between the maximal sensory level of the block and physical parameters was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

Results:
The parameters were statistically correlated with maximal sensory block by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) using linear regression analysis. The correlation of age (r = 0.076 and P = 0.601), height (r = −0.049 and P = 0.737), and VCL (r = −0.046 and P = 0.753) of the patient to the maximum level of sensory block achieved was not statistically significant. Whereas, the weight (r = 0.43 and P = 0.002), BMI (r = 0.452 and P = 0.001), AG (r = 0.662 and P ≤ 0.001), and the ratio VCL/AG2 (r = −0.673 and P ≤ 0.001) had statistically significant correlation with the level of sensory block achieved at 30 min after the administration of 3 ml of 0.5% plain levobupivacaine.

Conclusion:
VCL/AG2 which simulated the ratio of long axis and the transaction area of abdomen may help anesthesiologists choose the proper local anesthetic dose for the subarachnoid block to achieve appropriate surgical anesthesia.
Comparative Evaluation of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Alone versus Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score with Procalcitonin in Outcome Prediction among Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Kalra Priyanka , Kerai Sukhyanti , Gupta Lalit , Chaudhary Kapil , Goswami Binita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
In critically ill patients with sepsis, it is essential to implement risk stratification and targeted interventions to enhance their prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain the discriminatory accuracy of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and their combination for predicting the short-term mortality of patients with sepsis.

Methodology:
This prospective observational study was undertaken on 40 patients with sepsis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. SOFA score and PCT levels were measured at the time of ICU admission and at 48 h later. Based on these values, the delta SOFA and PCT clearance were calculated. All the patients were provided standard institutional ICU care, and they were followed up to 14 days after ICU admission.

Results:
We found that 21 were survivors (52.5%) and 19 (47.5%) were nonsurvivors. The area under the curve (AUC) for SOFA scores at ICU admission and at 48 h is 0.704 and 0.771, respectively, suggesting fair accuracy for mortality prediction. The PCT level at ICU admission has fair accuracy (AUC = 0.739), whereas at 48 h, it has shown improved accuracy with an AUC of 0.812. Assessment of patients at these study intervals by combining SOFA scores and PCT levels resulted in AUC of 0.704 and 0.839, respectively.

Conclusion:
The ability of SOFA score at 48 h after ICU admission to predict the short-term mortality of patients with sepsis is improved by combining it with PCT levels; however, the performance of this combination is not better than PCT levels alone.
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Causing Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
Authors: Batra Nitish , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Shukla Samarth , Gupta Anusha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The illness known as nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is characterized by the deposition of fibrin and thrombi on deteriorated or normal heart valves without microbes. Compared to infective endocarditis, this disease is more frequently observed in chronic inflammatory conditions and is linked to a higher incidence of thromboembolic events. Vegetations on two-dimensional echocardiography and negative blood cultures suggest the disease. It is generally associated with advanced malignancies and very rarely with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. Here, we describe the case of a 68-year-old female with SCC of the esophagus who developed NBTE.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices – Past, Present, and Future: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kumar Devesh , Seth Sandeep , Narang Rajiv 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Advanced heart failure (AHF) is a major problem with an aging population and profound unmet needs. While heart transplant offers the most definitive solution, it is largely unavailable for most and mandates a long waiting period. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) help in expanding the treatment armamentarium to those for whom transplant is either a contraindication or unavailable (destination therapy) and those who need stabilization before transplant (bridge to transplant). LVADs are truly a renaissance in the management of AHF as they make treatment available to a much larger population and improve not only symptoms and quality of life but also survival as compared to patients on medical therapy only. Consequently, they have now been adopted in many European centres as destination therapy with a median survival of 7 years in patients with a LVAD implantation. LVADS are plagued with multiple complications, and while they do offer an opportunity of improved survival, the patients often are plagued with morbid complications. Newer advances in technology have paved the way for smaller and better engineered devices with lesser complications like bleeding and pump thrombosis. We review briefly the burden of advanced Heart Failure, evolution of LVADs, current status and the future of these devices.
Multivalvular Heart Disease: A Bedside Case Discussion for Residents
Authors: Garg Prerna , Suman Saurav , Jain Abhinav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A middle-aged patient presented with symptoms of shortness of breath. He had been operated for a heart disease many years ago. He had a history of cough, hemoptysis, and a recent febrile episode. Clinical examination revealed a slow rising pulse and both systolic and diastolic murmurs. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were reviewed. The stepwise diagnostic approach to a patient with valvular heart disease starting from history to examination and then evaluation of the investigations and planning the treatment is discussed for the training of cardiology fellows.
Persistent pain in maxillary premolars following root canal treatment with apical transportation: A report of two cases without periapical pathology
Authors: Ong Teng Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Persistent pain after endodontic treatment is often associated with evidence of periapical pathology. Nonetheless, this case report presents two instances of persistent pain in maxillary premolars post root canal treatment (RCT), without evident periapical radiolucency on imaging. A 35-year-old Asian female experienced dull, aching pain on biting in tooth #25, whereas a 40-year-old Caucasian female reported similar symptoms in tooth #15. Both teeth showed tenderness to percussion but not palpation. Periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans revealed completed RCT with apical transportation but no detectable periapical pathology. Thus, both teeth were diagnosed as previously treated with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Non-surgical retreatment successfully addressed untreated canal spaces, resolving symptoms. This report suggested persistent pain following RCT might stem from endodontic reasons, even in the absence of visible apical pathology on CBCT scans, highlighting the importance of thorough canal debridement to resolve symptoms associated with untreated canal spaces in apical transportation. Furthermore, this case report demonstrates that clinicians should make a diagnosis through thorough dental history and other clinical investigations, without relying solely on CBCT for the diagnosis of posttreatment endodontic pain.
Agreement between students’ self/peer and faculty assessments of the radiographic technical quality of root canal treatment performed during preclinical and clinical endodontic courses
Authors: Awooda Elhadi Mohieldin , Elzaki Wail Mohammed , Al-Nazhan Saad Abdulaziz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study investigated the agreement between students’ self-assessment or peer assessment and faculty assessment of the quality of root canal treatment (RCT) performed during preclinical and clinical endodontic courses.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 23 4th-year students and a faculty member from the University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan. The radiographic technical quality of RCTs performed during preclinical and clinical endodontic courses was evaluated by the students themselves, their peers, and faculty members in terms of the obturation length, shape, and density. Paired Student’s t-test was used to compare self-peer and faculty assessments. P < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance.

Results:
No statistically significant differences were observed among the three assessment groups in terms of the quality of RCTs performed during the preclinical course. However, statistically significant differences were observed between self- and peer assessments (P = 0.014), and between self- and faculty assessments (P = 0.005), which may be attributable to lower confidence among students when working on real patients, leading to lower self-assessment scores.

Conclusion:
Significant differences were observed between self- and peer assessments and faculty assessments in the quality of RCT performed during the clinical course, with students underrating their performance. Formative assessment of learning rather than summative assessment, during endodontic courses, is recommended at the end of academic year.
A cross-sectional study on awareness regarding management of dental trauma among clinical dental students and interns
Authors: Ikhile Favour Osasenaga , Enabulele Joan Emien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Dental trauma could lead to separation or crushing of the dental supporting tissues and esthetic and functional disorders. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge regarding the management of dental trauma among clinical dental students and interns in Benin City, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 closed and open-ended questions to garner data focused on sociodemograhic characteristics and awareness of the management of traumatic dental injury, from respondents. Data from 95 respondents were statistically analyzed and both univariate and bivariate analyses were used in this study.

Results:
A significant proportion; 77 (81.1%) had a poor overall knowledge of management, although most respondents had knowledge of some of the steps involved in emergency management of dental trauma. The association between respondents’ level of education and their knowledge of the management of dental trauma was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Respondents at higher level in their dental training were found to have better overall knowledge compared to those at lower levels.

Conclusion:
The knowledge regarding the management of dental trauma among the respondents was poor. This was associated with the level of study and clinical exposure.
Serum uric acid level in the first episode of acute ischemic stroke: A case–control study
Authors: Khatri Ankita , Jaiswal Amit , Joshi Amit , Parate Tilottama 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant disease burden globally. However, its association with raised serum uric acid (SUA) levels remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated the uric acid level in the first episode of AIS and assessed the association of SUA levels with the severity of AIS and functional disability produced.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This single-center, case–control study was performed in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care institute, over a period of 24 months. Cases included patients with the first episode of AIS proven on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. SUA levels were estimated in cases (n = 50) and matched controls (n = 50) within 24-h of admission. Among cases, the severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and a modified Ranking Score (mRS) was used for evaluating the disability.

RESULTS:
Hyperuricemia was present in 88% of cases. The mean SUA levels were significantly higher among cases relative to controls (7.78 ± 1.26 mg/dl vs. 5.24 ± 1.18; P < 0.0001). Based on the NIHSS score and mRS, most of the patients had a severe stroke (56%) and moderate functional disability (40%), respectively. Among cases, SUA levels had a moderate and significantly positive correlation with NIHSS score (r = 0.527, P < 0.0001), and mRS (r = 0.533, P < 0.0001). However, SUA levels were not significantly associated with comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and ischemic heart disease (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent among patients with AIS, and it is positively and significantly correlated with NIHSS score and mRS.
Методика распределения непроизводственных расходов
Authors: Текеев М.-А.Э. , Уртенов А.Б. , Текеева Х.Э. 
Published: December 2024

На протяжении всей истории развития рыночных отношений одним из факторов, влияющих на эффективность коммерческой деятельности, остается величина затрат и определяемая ею себестоимость выпускаемой продукции, выполняемых работ, оказываемых услуг. В связи с этим в каждую историческую эпоху, в любых экономических условиях существовала потребность в информации о затратах со стороны различных пользователей. Современный этап развития экономики характеризуется усилением международной, глобальной конкуренции, ускорением экономических процессов, усложнением структур управления компаний вследствие расширения масштабов их деятельности и т.п.
Throughout the history of the development of market relations, one of the factors affecting the efficiency of commercial activity remains the value of costs and the cost of production, work performed, and services provided determined by it. In this regard, in every historical era, in any economic conditions, there was a constant need for information on costs from various users. The current stage of economic development is characterized by the intensification of international and global competition, the acceleration of economic processes, the complication of the management structures of companies due to the expansion of their activities, etc.
Анализ показателей деятельности компаний в Краснодарском крае с помощью комплекса статистических методов
Authors: Гоник Г.Г. , Аблезова Е.А. , Огибенина А.А. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу деятельности крупных компаний, функционирующих в Краснодарском крае, с использованием комплекса статистических методов. Собраны и обработаны данные о различных аспектах деятельности компаний, включая географическое распределение, отраслевую принадлежность, численность работников, финансовые результаты. Применение статистических методов позволило глубже понять взаимосвязи между различными факторами и оценить их влияние на эффективность бизнеса. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали наличие значительных различий в показателях компаний в зависимости от их размера и отрасли, а также выявили ключевые тенденции, способствующие успешному развитию бизнеса в Краснодарском крае.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of large companies operating in the Krasnodar Territory, using a set of statistical methods. During the study, data on various aspects of the companies’ activities were collected and processed, including geographic distribution, industry affiliation, number of employees, and financial results. The use of statistical methods allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationships between various factors and an assessment of their impact on business efficiency. The results of the study demonstrated the presence of significant differences in the performance of companies depending on their size and industry, and also identified key trends and patterns that contribute to the successful development of business in the Krasnodar Territory.
Роль искусственного интеллекта при принятии управленческих решений в процессе производства: риски и их решения
Authors: Соколов А.П. , Максимов М.И. , Батсайхан И. , Полтарыхин А.Л. , Фатьянова И.Р. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается вопрос о роли искусственного интеллекта при принятии управленческих решений. Данная тема своевременна и актуальна. Использование автоматизированных систем управления не исключает угрозы возникновения риска при принятии неправильных управленческих решений. Определены ключевые понятия, классифицированы основные производственные риски и пути их решения. Полученные данные позволят в дальнейшем сформировать банк данных решений, который позволит искусственному интеллекту принимать оптимальное решение с минимальными рисками для организации. Статья будет полезна менеджерам крупных организаций и ученым-исследователям.
The article discusses the role of artificial intelligence in making managerial decisions. This topic is timely and relevant. The use of automated management systems does not exclude the threat of risk when making incorrect management decisions. The key concepts are defined, the main production risks and ways to solve them are classified. The data obtained will allow us to further form a database of solutions that will allow artificial intelligence to make the best decision with minimal risks to the organization. The article will be useful for managers of large organizations and research scientists.
Экономическое развитие организаций регионов в условиях санкционного давления на Россию
Authors: Болотнова Е.А. , Альшеновская А.А. , Бойко Н.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются проблемы экономического развития организаций российских регионов в условиях беспрецедентного усиления санкционного давления на Россию в 2022-2024 гг. На основе систематизации статистических данных и аналитических материалов выявлены проблемы, с которыми столкнулись региональные предприятия в новых реалиях: разрыв устоявшихся логистических и кооперационных цепочек, острый дефицит критически важных комплектующих и оборудования, резкое сокращение инвестиционных ресурсов и оборотных средств, падение платежеспособного спроса и объемов производства. Обоснованы приоритетные направления структурной адаптации промышленности регионов к новым вызовам.
The article analyzes the problems of economic development of organizations in Russian regions in the context of an unprecedented increase in sanctions pressure on Russia in 2022-2024. Based on the systematization of statistical data and analytical materials, the key challenges faced by regional enterprises in the new realities have been identified: the rupture of established logistics and cooperation chains, an acute shortage of critical components and equipment, a sharp reduction in investment resources and working capital, a drop in effective demand and production volumes. The priority directions of the structural adaptation of the industry of the regions to new challenges are substantiated.
Предпосылки возникновения информационной революции
Authors: Текеева Х.Э. , Динаев А.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрены этапы развития цифровой экономики. Выделено, что изначально развивались ИКТ и интернет, технические средства, затем сетевое сообщество. Сделан акцент на том, что благодаря техническим средствам появилась возможность сетевого общения, а значит, появилось новое поле для ведения бизнеса, которое отличается легкостью и скоростью доступа к непосредственному потребителю.
The article examines the stages of development of the digital economy, in which it was highlighted that ICT and the Internet, technical means were initially developed. Then they highlight the development of the network community, emphasize that thanks to technical means, the possibility of network communication has appeared, which means that a new field for doing business has appeared, which is distinguished by the ease and speed of access to the direct consumer.
Методика использования корпусной лингвистики в преподавании иностранных языков
Authors: Гюльмагомедов Г.А. , Саидова Я.М. , Адамова С.М. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается методика преподавания иностранного языка, заключающаяся в использовании при изучении иностранных языков потенциала языкового корпуса. Представлен анализ компетенций корпусной лингвистики как с позиции изучаемого языка, так и с точки зрения языка, на основе которого проходит обучение.
The article considers the methodology of teaching a foreign language, which consists in using the potential of the language corpus in the study of foreign languages. The article presents an analysis of the competencies of corpus linguistics, both from the perspective of the language being studied and from the point of view of the language on the basis of which the training takes place.