bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
121 Behavioral Attention Relationships Vary Between Demographic Groups Across Sleep Loss and Recovery
Authors: Antler Caroline , Yamazaki Erika , Brieva Tess , Casale Courtney , Goel Namni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a behavioral attention measure widely used to describe sleep loss deficits. Although there are reported differences in PVT performance for various demographic groups, no study has examined the relationship between measures on the 10-minute PVT (PVT10) and the 3-minute PVT (PVT3) within sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) groups throughout a highly controlled sleep deprivation study.

Methods
Forty-one healthy adults (mean±SD ages, 33.9±8.9y) participated in a 13-night experiment [2 baseline nights (10h-12h time in bed, TIB) followed by 5 sleep restriction (SR1-5) nights (4h TIB), 4 recovery nights (R1-R4; 12h TIB), and 36h total sleep deprivation (TSD)]. A neurobehavioral test battery, including the PVT10 and PVT3 was completed every 2h during wakefulness. Repeated measures correlation (rmcorr) compared PVT10 and PVT3 lapses (reaction time [RT] &gt;355ms [PVT3] and &gt;500ms [PVT10]) and response speed (1/RT) by examining correlations by day (e.g., baseline day 2) and time point (e.g., 1000h-2000h) within sex groups (18 females), within age groups defined by a median split (median=32, range=21-49y), and within BMI groups defined by a median split (median=25, range=17-31).

Results
PVT10 and PVT3 1/RT was significantly correlated at all study days and time points excluding at baseline for the younger group and at R2 for the higher BMI group. PVT10 and PVT3 lapses showed overall lower correlations across the study relative to 1/RT. Lapses were not significantly correlated at baseline for any group, for males across recovery (R1-R4), for the high BMI group at R2-R4, for the older group at R2-R3, or for the younger group at SR5 or R3.

Conclusion
Differentiating participants based on age, sex, or BMI revealed important variation in the relationship between PVT10 and PVT3 measures across the study. Surprisingly, lapses were not significantly correlated at baseline for any demographic group or across recovery for males or the high BMI or older group. Thus, PVT10 and PVT3 lapses may be less comparable in certain populations when well-rested. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting demographic factors may be important factors to consider when evaluating the effects of sleep loss.

Support (if any)
ONR Award N00014-11-1-0361;NIH UL1TR000003;NASA NNX14AN49G and 80NSSC20K0243; NIHR01DK117488
124 Skeletal muscle RNA and insulin sensitivity during insufficient sleep
Authors: Morton Sarah , Sharp Julia , Wright Kenneth , Broussard Josiane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Insufficient sleep is associated with a down-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis, in conjunction with an upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, whether changes in RNA are associated with impairments in insulin sensitivity is unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that insufficient sleep will induce alterations in skeletal muscle RNA that correlate with changes in insulin sensitivity.

Methods
As part of an ongoing study, sixteen sedentary, healthy, lean adults (24.9±3.4y; 22.6±1.7kg/m2; 6F; mean±SD) participated in a controlled 6-day in-laboratory protocol with 9h in bed (habitual sleep) followed by 4 nights of 5h in bed (insufficient sleep), achieved by delaying bedtime by 4 hours. For one week prior to the study, participants maintained a 9h sleep schedule based on their habitual bed and wake times. Participants consumed energy-balanced diets 3 days prior to and throughout the laboratory protocol. Whole body insulin sensitivity was assessed using glucose infusion rate from a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before and after 4 nights of insufficient sleep. Skeletal muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were taken immediately before each clamp. In a subset of subjects (n=12), RNA sequencing was performed (Novogene Co., Ltd). Generalized linear model likelihood ratio tests were completed using the DESeq2/EdgeR R packages with a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off of 5%. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method and a corrected p-value of 0.05 and log2 fold-change of 0 were set as the threshold for statistical significance.

Results
Insulin sensitivity was impaired by 6% following insufficient sleep (10.1±1.4 vs 9.1±1.1mg/kg/min, p&lt;0.05, mean±SEM). Preliminary results from skeletal muscle RNAseq analyses suggest approximately 25 genes were down-regulated and 60 genes were up-regulated. Down-regulated genes were involved in insulin-like growth factor binding and signal transduction (p=8.4e-11), while up-regulated genes were involved in glycolysis and ATP binding (p=1.1e-9). While there were trends for associations between changes in gene expression and insulin sensitivity, these relationships did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Preliminary findings suggest insufficient sleep alters skeletal muscle RNA. Changes in these aforementioned pathways may contribute to metabolic dysregulation during insufficient sleep.

Support (if any)
NIH K01DK110138, R03 DK118309, UL1 TR002535, and GCRC RR-00036
134 Acute effects of methadone, buprenorphine or naltrexone on sleep-like parameters evaluated with actigraphy in male rhesus monkeys
Authors: Berro Lais , Zamarripa C Austin , Talley Joseph , Freeman Kevin , Rowlett James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant public health problem, and it has been associated with the emergence of sleep disturbances. Effective treatment options for OUD exist, including medication-assisted therapy with methadone or buprenorphine. However, emerging evidence suggests that these treatments also may be associated with significant sleep impairment. The extent to which these effects are a result of the medication or an effect of chronic opioid use remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of methadone, buprenorphine or naltrexone in male rhesus monkeys in order to understand whether pharmacological treatment with these drugs per se would have deleterious effects on sleep.

Methods
Adult naïve male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n=5) maintained on a 12h/12h light/dark cycle were fitted with primate collars to which actigraphy monitors were attached. Actigraphy recording was conducted during baseline conditions and following acute injections of vehicle, methadone (0.03 – 1.0 mg/kg, i.m.), buprenorphine (0.01 – 1.0 mg/kg, i.m.) or naltrexone (0.03 – 1.0 mg/kg, i.m.) in the morning (10h, 4h after “lights on”) or in the evening (16:30h, 1.5h before “lights off”).

Results
Morning treatment with methadone or buprenorphine dose-dependently impaired sleep in rhesus monkeys, with at least one dose significantly increasing sleep latency and decreasing sleep efficiency. Evening treatment with methadone or buprenorphine also impaired sleep, with lower doses significantly inducing sleep alterations compared to morning treatments. The effects of buprenorphine on sleep was a biphasic function, with the highest doses not disrupting sleep. Treatment with naltrexone significantly improved sleep-like measures in rhesus monkeys, with evening treatments improving measures of both sleep latency and sleep efficiency.

Conclusion
Acute administration of methadone and buprenorphine induced marked sleep impairment in rhesus monkeys, even when the drugs were administered in the morning. Unexpectedly, acute administration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone significantly improved sleep-like measures. Our findings show that the currently available pharmacotherapies for OUD significantly affect sleep in naïve monkeys, and that opioid mechanisms yet to be determined may play a significant role in sleep-wake regulation.

Support (if any)
Supported by NIH grants DA049886 to L.F.B.; DA048586 to C.A.Z.; DA039167 to K.B.F.; DA011792, DA043204 and DA046778 to J.K.R..
143 The Shared and Unique Genetic Influences of Pubertal Development and Objective Sleep During Middle Childhood
Authors: Lecarie Emma , Doane Leah , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
More advanced pubertal development has negative impacts on sleep quality and quantity in adolescents (Foley et al., 2018). Pubertal development and sleep both have high genetic influences, while environmental factors are also evident (Breitenstein et al., 2020; Dick et al., 2001). To elucidate underlying relations between pubertal development and sleep, the present study examined the genetic and environmental influences on the covariation of these health processes using a twin study design.

Methods
This racially and socioeconomically diverse sample included 596 twin children (Mage=8.41, SD=.69; 51.7% female; 66.3% White; 33.7% Hispanic; 156 monozygotic, 217 same-sex dizygotic, and 179 opposite-sex dizygotic). Children wore wrist-based accelerometers (Motion Logger Micro Watch; Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc, Ardsley, NY USA) on their non-dominant wrist for 7 nights (M= 6.81, SD= .67) to measure their sleep (efficiency, duration). Primary caregivers completed Zygosity Questionnaire for Young Twins (Goldsmith, 1991), as well as the Pubertal Development Scale (Petersen et al., 1988) for each twin, and puberty composite scores for males and females were used (Coleman & Coleman, 2002). Bivariate Cholesky decompositions were fit in OpenMX to estimate genetic and environmental influences on the covariance between pubertal development and sleep (Boker et al., 2011). The -2 log-likelihood chi-square test of fit and the Akaike’s Information Criterion were used to find the most parsimonious solution.

Results
261 White (68.9%) and 135 Hispanic (77.1%) participants had initiated puberty. Pubertal development was positively correlated with sleep efficiency (r =.15) and sleep duration (r =.15). Pubertal development, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration were all heritable at 59%, 54%, and 73%, respectively. The AE-A-AE twin model was the best-fitting model for both bivariate models, with additive genetics accounting for 86% and 90% of the shared covariance between pubertal development and sleep efficiency and duration, respectively.

Conclusion
The genetic association between pubertal development and sleep suggests a third variable influence, and Wang and colleagues (2020) have identified genetic variants that partially explain the association. Future directions include longitudinal analyses across the pubertal transition as environmental demands increase.

Support (if any)
Supported by the US Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: R01 HD079520 to Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant and Leah Doane.
148 Sleep thief! Falling asleep with the TV on is related to shorter sleep duration among Latino/a children
Authors: Martinez Suzanna , Esaryk Erin , Jimenez Eli , Tschann Jeanne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep duration is associated with obesity in Latino/a children. However, little is known about Latino/a children’s bedtime behaviors who have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to white children. An improved understanding of Latino/a children’s bedtime behaviors is warranted to inform health promotion programs in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine bedtime activities and behaviors with sleep characteristics of Latino/a children.

Methods
Children of Mexican descent (8-10 years old) and their mothers (N=32) from the San Francisco Bay Area were invited to participate in a 3-week crossover study. Mothers completed a questionnaire on sleep behaviors (e.g., duration, disturbances) and activities 1 hour before bed (e.g., television viewing in bed, eating or drinking). Mother and child anthropometrics were measured. Preliminary bivariate analyses included: (1) a linear regression examining child weekday sleep duration (dependent) with child behavior before bed (independent), and (2) a logistic regression examining child sleep disturbances (dependent) with child behavior before bed (independent).

Results
The average child age was 9.71 (SD = 0.96); almost half of children were obese (47%) and their mothers (53%). Children slept on average 10.07 (SD= 2.36) hours on weekdays and 10.31 on weekends (SD = 2.21); 26% of children experienced difficulty falling asleep ≥ 1per week, 52% watched television in the hour before bed, and 21% watched television to fall asleep ≥ 1 per week. Mothers slept on average 6.07 (SD = 1.57) on weekends and 6.99 (SD =5.75) on weekdays. In the hour before bed, children consumed/drank cereal and/or waffles (59%), drank plain milk (38%), drank flavored milk (19%), and juice (16%). Watching television to fall asleep was associated with shorter sleep duration (B = -0.45, P = 0.03), with a trend toward significance with increased odds of difficulty falling asleep (OR = 5.0, P = 0.09).

Conclusion
Watching television to fall asleep may be a risk factor for shorter sleep duration and difficulty falling asleep. A larger study to examine sleep related factors, such as unhealthy practices before bed, is warranted to understand the high obesity prevalence among Latino/a children.

Support (if any)
K01HL129087 (PI: Martinez)
153 Early Positive Parent-Child Interactions and Enriched Home Environment are Associated with Better Infant Sleep
Authors: Jiao Nana , Petrov Megan , Reifsnider Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Infant sleep is influenced by biopsychosocial interactions. However, the influence of an interactive home environment is underexplored. The aim was to examine whether early positive parent-child interactions and an enriched home environment were associated with better infant sleep later.

Methods
Pregnant, obese, and low-income Latina women were recruited for a RCT delivering a 12-month intervention for infants to prevent overweight (n=129). At 1, 6, and 12 months, mothers reported breastfeeding duration, completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised (BISQ-R, range: 0-100), and underwent the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME, range: 0-45) Inventory including subscales of Responsivity, Acceptance, Organization, Learning Materials, Involvement, and Variety. Pearson correlations between HOME and BISQ-R at each visit were conducted. Significant associations (α&lt;0.05) were entered into stepwise multivariable linear regressions adjusting for infant sex, mother’s education, breastfeeding, and 1-month BISQ-R to determine which HOME subscales were associated with 6- and 12-month total BISQ-R if the total HOME was significant.

Results
The mean 1-, 6- and 12-month BISQ-R were 84(SD=6.1), 76.4(SD=8.3), and 78.5(SD=8.0), respectively. The 1-month HOME total score (M=21.8[SD=4.4]) significantly correlated with the 6- and 12-month BISQ-R. The regression of 1-month HOME with 6-month BISQ-R indicated greater BISQ-R scores were associated with shorter breastfeeding (β=-0.3, p=0.001), greater HOME total scores (β=0.2, p=0.037), and 1-month BISQ-R scores(β=0.2, p=0.038), which explained 13.1% of the variance (F[3,106]=6.5, p&lt;0.001). The regression of 1-month HOME subscales with 6-month BISQ-R indicated greater BISQ-R scores were associated with shorter breastfeeding (β=-0.31, p=0.001), greater Responsivity scores (β=0.21, p=0.022), and 1-month BISQ-R scores (β=0.2, p=0.027), which explained 13.9% of the variance (F[3,106]=6.86, p&lt;0.001). The regression of 1-month HOME with 12-month BISQ-R indicated greater BISQ-R scores were associated with shorter breastfeeding (β=-0.24, p=0.013) and greater HOME total scores (β=0.24, p=0.016), which explained 7.9% of the variance (F[2,100]=5.4, p=0.006). The regression of 1-month HOME subscales with 12-month BISQ-R indicated greater BISQ-R scores were associated with greater Variety scores (β=0.29, p=0.003), shorter breastfeeding (β=-0.24, p=0.011), and 1-month BISQ-R scores(β=0.18, p=0.049), which explained 13.5% of the variance (F[3,99]=6.29, p=0.001).

Conclusion
Better infant sleep was associated with an early interactive home environment, especially parent’s responsiveness and people/events providing organized variety.
Support (if any):
154 Cortical thickness and sleep slow wave activity mediates age-related improvements in cognition during late adolescence
Authors: Ong Ju Lynn , Jamaluddin Azrin , Leong Ruth , Lo June , Chee Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescence is a period of rapid brain maturation, and studies have independently documented reductions in cortical thickness, reduced sleep slow wave activity (0.5-4Hz), and improved cognition as a child transitions into adulthood. In the present work, we investigate whether these factors interact in late adolescence.

Methods
114 adolescents aged 15-19y (52 males) underwent a structural MRI scan, polysomnography (PSG) and a series of cognitive tests assessing fluid intelligence, sustained attention, speed of processing and working memory. As sleep history has been known to affect EEG measures of slow wave activity, actigraphic recordings ensured that participants received 9h of night the week prior to the PSG session. Cognitive scores were combined to obtain a single measure of global cognition. For assessment of cortical thickness, the Freesurfer (v5.3) pipeline was used to obtain measures for all regions of interest from the Desikan-Killiany cortical atlas. Pearson correlations were conducted to independently confirm associations between aging and reductions in cortical thickness, slow wave activity and improved global cognition, controlling for sex. Finally, a serial mediation model (SPSS PROCESS Model 6) was performed to test the mediating role of cortical thickness and slow wave activity between aging and global cognition.

Results
Reductions in EEG sleep slow wave activity, cortical thickness and improved global cognition was observed with increasing age, likely representing synaptic pruning and a decrease in waking metabolic activity that contributes to increased overall neural efficiency. Regions in the temporal and parietal areas showed the steepest age-related reductions. In addition, the age-related improvement in cognition was found to be mediated by both cortical thinning as well as reduced SWA activity, particularly in the middle temporal cortex.

Conclusion
The adolescent brain undergoes rapid growth in preparation for adulthood. Cortical restructuring through pruning of neural circuits during this period is associated with reduced slow wave activity, mediating the age-related improvement in cognition. Future work should investigate whether insults to the brain during this critical period alters this trajectory.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by grants awarded to Michael Chee (NMRC/STaR/015/2013, NRF2016-SOL002-001 and the Far East Organization).
158 The Association Between Sleep Spindles and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Parker Jesse , Appleton Sarah , Melaku Yohannes , D’Rozario Angela , Wittert Gary , Catcheside Peter , Adams Robert , Vakulin Andrew , Martin Sean 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep spindles are thought to play an important role in learning and memory. The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function and the potential confounding influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uncertain. We examined the cross-sectional association between sleep spindles and cognitive function controlled for OSA in a sample of community dwelling middle-aged and older men.

Methods
Participants of the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography. These participants also completed the inspection time (IT) task, trail-making test part A (TMT-A) and part B (TMT-B), and Fuld object memory evaluation (FOME) test. Spindle metrics derived from sleep electroencephalography (n=356) included occurrence (total number) and fast (13-16 Hz) and slow (11-13 Hz) spindle density (number/minute) during N2 and N3 sleep. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, OSA, education, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol risk.

Results
In covariate unadjusted analyses, higher spindle occurrence during N2 sleep was associated with better IT, TMT-A, TMT-B, and FOME performance (all p&lt;0.05). Spindle density (fast and slow) during N2 and N3 sleep (slow spindles only) was associated with better inspection time, TMT-A, and TMT-B performance (all p&lt;0.05). Fast spindle density during N2 sleep was also associated with better FOME performance (B=1.03, 95% CI [0.47, 1.59], p&lt;0.05). In covariate adjusted analyses, higher spindle occurrence during N2 sleep was independently associated with better IT (B=-0.002, 95% CI [-0.004, 0.000], p=0.046), while fast spindle density during N3 sleep was independently associated with worse TMT-B performance (B=0.12, 95% CI [0.03, 0.21], p=0.011).

Conclusion
Specific sleep spindle metrics during N2 and N3 sleep were independently associated with better visual processing speed and worse executive attention, suggesting a differential association between cognitive function and spindles during N2 and N3 sleep. The utility of sleep spindles for predicting cognitive impairment needs investigation in prospective studies.

Support (if any)
National Health and Medical Research Foundation, Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Hospital Research Foundation, and ResMed Foundation.
159 The Role of Education on the Association between OSA and Cognitive Functions in Middle-age and Older Adults
Authors: Hlaing Ei , Dollinger Stephanie Clancy , Brown Terry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A weak relation between an increase in education and improved health knowledge was observed among those who attended college, but not among those whose highest educational level attainment was high school (Altindag, Cannonier, & Mocan, 2014). Alachantis and colleagues (2005) had applied cognitive reserve theory (Stern, 2002) to help explain why OSA patients with higher intelligence scores perform well on cognitive tasks. The resource substitution theory (RST; Ross & Mirowsky, 2006) posits that higher education compensates for background disadvantages rather than magnifying background advantages. The goals of the current study were to examine the interaction between educational level and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognitive functions such as verbal fluency, psychomotor vigilance, executive functions, visuospatial ability, and attention span and to determine whether the results would support the RST.

Methods
One hundred and nine participants (47 ApneaLinkTM -screened controls and 62 untreated OSA patients) participated in the study and completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WAIS-III digit span and block design, semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and a psychomotor vigilance task. Subjective sleep (PSQI and ESS) and health measures (depression, anxiety, mood disturbance, diabetes, hypertension) were assessed. A hierarchical regression was conducted to test for the additional variance explained by the interaction term even after accounting for the covariates.

Results
In semantic fluency and visuospatial ability tasks, patients with higher education performed better than patients with high school or less education. This moderation effect of education was not observed for the control group. A significant interaction effect was not observed for vigilance, phonemic fluency, attention span, or executive functions although education was a significant predictor for all cognitive tasks.

Conclusion
The resource substitution theory was supported as the benefit of education seemed more crucial for OSA patients than for controls, specifically in semantic fluency and visuospatial ability. This benefit of higher education contributing to larger cognitive reserves in patients with OSA helped buffer some cognitive deficits but not for others, but this buffer no longer works when the cognitive demand gets larger.

Support (if any)
A grant from the Center for Integrative Research on Cognitive Neural Science, Southern Illinois University Carbondale was received.