bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating elimination of sleeping sickness from the Guinean littoral through enhanced screening in the post-Ebola context: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Camara Oumou , Biéler Sylvain , Bucheton Bruno , Kagbadouno Moïse , Mathu Ndung’u Joseph , Solano Philippe , Camara Mamadou 
Published: February 2021

Background
Activities to control human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Guinea were severely hampered by the Ebola epidemic that hit this country between 2014 and 2016. Active screening was completely interrupted and passive screening could only be maintained in a few health facilities. At the end of the epidemic, medical interventions were progressively intensified to mitigate the risk of HAT resurgence and progress towards disease elimination.

Methodology/Principal findings
A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the medical activities that were implemented in the three most endemic prefectures of Guinea (Boffa, Dubreka and Forecariah) between January 2016 and December 2018. Passive screening using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) was progressively resumed in one hundred and one health facilities, and active screening was intensified by visiting individual households and performing RDTs, and by conducting mass screening in villages by mobile teams using the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis. A total of 1885, 4897 and 8023 clinical suspects were tested in passive, while 5743, 14442 and 21093 people were actively screened in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The number of HAT cases that were diagnosed first went up from 107 in 2016 to 140 in 2017, then subsequently decreased to only 73 in 2018. A progressive decrease in disease prevalence was observed in the populations that were tested in active and in passive between 2016 and 2018.

Conclusions/Significance
Intensified medical interventions in the post-Ebola context first resulted in an increase in the number of HAT cases, confirming the fear that the disease could resurge as a result of impaired control activities during the Ebola epidemic. On the other hand, the decrease in disease prevalence that was observed between 2016 and 2018 is encouraging, as it suggests that the current strategy combining enhanced diagnosis, treatment and vector control is appropriate to progress towards elimination of HAT in Guinea.
Counterfactual thinking in psychiatric and neurological diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Tagini Sofia , Solca Federica , Torre Silvia , Brugnera Agostino , Ciammola Andrea , Mazzocco Ketti , Ferrucci Roberta , Silani Vincenzo , Pravettoni Gabriella , Poletti Barbara 
Published: February 2021

Background
The ability to simulate alternatives to factual events is called counterfactual thinking (CFT) and it is involved both in emotional and behavioral regulation. CFT deficits have been reported in psychiatric and neurological conditions, possibly contributing to patients’ difficulties in modulating behaviors and affections. Thus, acknowledging the presence and possible consequences of CFT impairments might be essential for optimal clinical management.

Objectives
This scoping review aims to summarize the previous evidence about CFT in psychiatric and neurological diseases to determine the extent of the previous research and what has been discovered so far, the variety of clinical conditions considered, the methodologies adopted, and the relevant issues to be addressed by future investigations.

Methods
PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify articles published up to January 2020, written in English and focused on CFT in adults affected by psychiatric or neurological conditions.

Results
Twenty-nine studies have been included; most of them focused on psychiatric conditions, a minority considered neurological diseases. The generation of counterfactual thoughts related to a negative real-life or a fictional event and the counterfactual inference test were the most popular tasks adopted. CFT impairments were reported in both psychiatric and neurological conditions, likely associated with a fronto-executive dysfunction.

Conclusions
Future research might further explore CFT in those psychiatric and neurological conditions in which CFT difficulties have been preliminary reported. Furthermore, it would be recommendable to extend this investigation to all the clinical conditions possibly at risk of fronto-executive dysfunction. In the end, we speculate that since CFT plays a role in driving everyday behaviors, it might be crucial also when medical decisions are involved; thus, future research might extend the investigation of CFT especially to those populations that implicate complex clinical management.
Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in a major referral cardiology clinic in Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Asmare Melkamu H. , Woldehanna Frehiwot , Hunegnaw Samuel , Janssens Luc , Vanrumste Bart 
Published: February 2021

Background
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains one of the major causes of death and disability in developing countries. This preventable, treatable but not curable form of cardiovascular disease is needlessly killing scores of children and youth mainly due to the misunderstanding of the burden of the disease in these countries. We sought to describe the prevalence of RHD at one of the major referral cardiology clinics in Ethiopia.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional chart review of all patients referred for a cardiopathy at the Tikur Anbessa Referral Cardiac Clinic from June 2015 to August 2018. We excluded records of patients with a non-cardiac diagnosis and those without a clear diagnosis. A predesigned and tested EXCEL form was used to collect the data. The data was encoded directly from the patient record files. MATLAB’s statistics toolbox (MATLAB2019b) was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Among the total 7576 records analyzed 59.5% of the patients were women. 83.1% of the data belonged to adult patients with the largest concentration reported in the 18 to 27 age group. 69.7% of the patients were from urban areas. The median age of the study population was 30 (interquartile range = 21–50). 4151 cases were caused by RHD which showed that RHD constituted 54.8% of the cases. The median age for RHD patients was 25 (interquartile range = 19–34). The second most prevalent disease was hypertensive heart disease which constituted 13.6% that was followed by congenital heart disease with 9% prevalence rate.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated the extent of the RHD prevalence in Ethiopia’s cardiac hospital was 54.8%. What was more critical was that almost 70% of the RHD patients were mainly the working-age group(19 to 34 years).
Does aluminum exposure affect cognitive function? a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Tao , He Fan , Lin Shangtong , Wang Xinyi , Li Fudong , Zhai Yujia , Gu Xue , Wu Mengna , Lin Junfen 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
This study assessed the cognitive function of aluminum-exposed participants from an alum mining zone, compared them with unexposed subjects, and aimed to elucidate the effect of aluminum exposure on cognition.

Design
This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Univariate analyses were used to assess the differences between the aluminum-exposed and unexposed groups. Binary logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effect of aluminum exposure.

Setting
The aluminum-exposed participants were included from an alum mining zone and the unexposed subjects were residents from another district without alum-mine-related factories.

Participants
We included 539 aluminum-exposed participants (254 men, 285 women) and 1720 unexposed participants (692 men, 1028 women).

Results
The mean cognition score on Mini-Mental State Examination was 21.34 (± 6.81) for aluminum-exposed participants. The exposed group had 6.77 times (95% confidence interval, 5.09–9.00) more risk of cognitive impairment than the unexposed group, after adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. No statistically significant association was found between exposure duration and cognition.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a significant association between aluminum exposure and lower cognitive function.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: An institutional-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Eyayu Tahir , Kiros Teklehaimanot , Workineh Lemma , Sema Meslo , Damtie Shewaneh , Hailemichael Wasihun , Dejen Eninur , Tiruneh Tegenaw 
Published: February 2021

Background
Intestinal Parasitic Infections are the most prevalent diseases in the world, predominantly in developing countries. It is estimated that more than two billion people are affected globally, mostly in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Ethiopia is one of the countries in Africa with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. However, there is a limited study conducted in the study area. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitosis among patients attending at Sanja Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sanja Primary Hospital from January 1 to August 20, 2019. Stool samples were collected from 1240 study participants and analyzed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic and explanatory variables were collected using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.4.2.1 and transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered to ascertain the significance of the association.

Results
The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 52.9% (95% CI: 50.2%-55.5%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (21.5%) was the leading cause of intestinal parasitosis followed by Hookworm species (13.3%). Furthermore, the rate of double and triple parasitic infections was observed in 6.1% and 0.5% of study participants respectively. Being Illiterate (AOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.06–7.47, p = 0.038), swimming habits of more than 4 times a month (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.62–5.24, p< 0.001) and not washing hands before a meal (AOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.74–8.83, p = 0.001) were the key factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infection.

Conclusions
The present study showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis is high in the study area. Therefore, there is a need for an integrated control program, including improving personal, environmental sanitation and health education should be given to have a lasting impact on transmission.
Gene expression profiling identifies FLT3 mutation-like cases in wild-type FLT3 acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mosquera Orgueira Adrián , Peleteiro Raíndo Andrés , Cid López Miguel , Antelo Rodríguez Beatriz , Díaz Arias José Ángel , Ferreiro Ferro Roi , Alonso Vence Natalia , Bendaña López Ángeles , Abuín Blanco Aitor , Bao Pérez Laura , Melero Valentín Paula , González Pérez Marta Sonia , Cerchione Claudio , Martinelli Giovanni , Montesinos Fernández Pau , Pérez Encinas Manuel Mateo , Bello López José Luis 
Published: February 2021

Background
FLT3 mutation is present in 25–30% of all acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and it is associated with adverse outcome. FLT3 inhibitors have shown improved survival results in AML both as upfront treatment and in relapsed/refractory disease. Curiously, a variable proportion of wild-type FLT3 patients also responded to these drugs.

Methods
We analyzed 6 different transcriptomic datasets of AML cases. Differential expression between mutated and wild-type FLT3 AMLs was performed with the Wilcoxon-rank sum test. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify FLT3-mutation like AMLs. Finally, enrichment in recurrent mutations was performed with the Fisher’s test.

Results
A FLT3 mutation-like gene expression pattern was identified among wild-type FLT3 AMLs. This pattern was highly enriched in NPM1 and DNMT3A mutants, and particularly in combined NPM1/DNMT3A mutants.

Conclusions
We identified a FLT3 mutation-like gene expression pattern in AML which was highly enriched in NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations. Future analysis about the predictive role of this biomarker among wild-type FLT3 patients treated with FLT3 inhibitors is envisaged.
Low muscle mass assessed by psoas muscle area is associated with clinical adverse events in elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Funamizu Takehiro , Nagatomo Yuji , Saji Mike , Iguchi Nobuo , Daida Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: February 2021

Background
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a growing healthcare burden with increasing prevalence and comorbidities due to progressive aging society. Accumulating evidence suggest that low skeletal muscle mass has a negative impact on clinical outcome in elderly adult population. We sought to determine the significance of psoas muscle area as a novel index of low skeletal muscle mass in elderly patients with ADHF.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective observational study, we reviewed consecutive 865 elderly participants (65 years or older) who were hospitalized for ADHF and 392 were available for analysis (79 years [74–85], 56% male). Cross-sectional areas of psoas muscle at the level of fourth lumbar vertebra were measured by computed tomography and normalized by the square of height to calculate psoas muscle index (PMI, cm2/m2).

Results
Dividing the patients by the gender-specific quartile value (2.47 cm2/m2 for male and 1.68 cm2/m2 for female), we defined low PMI as the lowest gender-based quartile of PMI. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed female sex, body mass index (BMI), and E/e’, but not left ventricular ejection fraction, were independently associated with PMI. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed low PMI was associated with higher rate of composite endpoint of all-cause death and ADHF re-hospitalization (P = 0.033). Cox proportional hazard model analysis identified low PMI, but not BMI, was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (Hazard ratio: 1.52 [1.06–2.16], P = 0.024).

Conclusions
PMI predicted future clinical adverse events in elderly patients with ADHF. Further studies are needed to assess whether low skeletal muscle mass can be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of ADHF.
Wood-steel composite shear walls with openings
Authors: Vogiatzis Tzanetis , Tsalkatidis Themistoklis , Avdelas Aris 
Published: February 2021

This paper reports an investigation into the behaviour of wood-steel composite shear walls, consisting of strand laminated lumber boundary frames with infill steel plates. Recently it has been shown that wood-steel composite shear wall systems can offer various advantages over code-approved wood frame shear walls, including architectural flexibility. However, further research is needed so as to gain a better insight and understanding into the structural behaviour of this lateral load resisting system. On this basis, three-dimensional full-scale finite element models are developed and used to simulate the wood-steel composite shear wall with solid infill plates and with centrally-perforated infill plates. In this paper, firstly, a three-dimensional finite element model of wood-steel composite shear wall under monotonic loading. The numerical results were compared with experimental data and it was found that the model can predict the behaviour of wood-steel composite shear walls with reasonable precision. Using the verified model, a parametric study on wood-steel composite shear wall models with and without openings was performed. Critical parameters influencing the wood-steel composite shear walls behaviour such as the thickness of the steel plate and the opening ratio were investigated. The results of this parametric study provide useful information for the engineering application of wood-steel composite shear wall systems.Â Â
Assessment of selected heavy metal load and identification of bacterial status associated with suya meat sold in Anambra state, Nigeria
Authors: N. Asomugha R. , E. Ilodigwe E. , O. Amedu J. , Ogbonnaya M. , Ifediba E. 
Published: February 2021

Heavy metals and some pathogenic bacteria tend to contaminate food substances commonly consumed and this pose as health risks to the populace. The study was therefore conducted to assess the level of metal and bacteria contamination of meat barbecue (SUYA) commonly consumed in Anambra State, Nigeria. Thirty six sample were evenly collected from the sensational Zones and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Metal values obtained range as follows: Cadmium(4.17-7.93mg/kg), Lead(0.24-3.39mg/kg),Zinc(2.6-28.3mg/kg) and Arsenic(0.19-2.3mg/kg). Samples from Anambra North had the highest Zinc, Lead, and Arsenic levels 14.02, 0.94, and 0.96mg/kg rewspectively, while Anambra South recorded the highest cadmium level 6.16mg/kg. The Estimated daily intake(EDI) of Cadmium alone was found to be greater than the recommended value in the 3 senatorial zones. Again only Cadmium had a target hazard quotient(THQ) of greater than one in all the senatorial zones. All the zones had hazard index (HI) greater than one. North(5.95+00). South,(8.1E+00) and Central(4.8+00). Cancer risk for cadmium recorded in all the zones were above accepted limits. While for Arsenic the North zone recorded levels above acceptable limits. The following bacteria species were isolated from analyze soya samples. Staphyloccocus cereus, Bacillus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia,however bacillus cereus was most commonly isolated and Pseudomonas aeruginosa least commonly isolated. The results indicated an appreciable level of contamination and a possible public health risk.Â Â
مدى علاقة الغرامات المالية بتحقيق المصالح العامة من خلال إدارة الأسواق
Authors: Hamadameen Othman K. , Bajalan Jamal M. F. 
Published: February 2021

إنّ هذا البحث دراسة تناولت الغرامات المالية بصفتها عقوبة تعزيرية أو ذات طبيعة خاصة مختلطة من التأديب والتعويض، التي تخصّ مسائل التعزير. واهتم هذا البحث بمواضع كثيرة متعلّقة بالغرامات المالية في مسائل الإخلال بالتنظيمات الإداريّة في الأسواق والمجالات التي تتعلق بالأمن الغذائي، في ضوء مقاصد الشرع في التشريع، على أنّ معظم تطبيقات الغرامة المالية في هذ المجال تنتج من ترك المأمور، أو ارتكاب المحظور، وبعضها مبنية على تقييد المباح. وتناول هذا البحث دراسة الغرامات المالية من زاوية (السبب والأثر)، باعتبارها عقاباً على المعاصي دون اعتبار للعلاقة بين المال الذي تقع فيه الغرامة بالجناية من جهة تعلّقه بها وعدم تعلّقه بها، وبغضّ النظر عن كونها قُصد بها إتلاف ما وقعت به الجناية أو قصد بها تأديب الجاني. إذ ما من حكومة معاصرة إلا وقد جعلت عقوباتٍ على من يخالف نظامها، ومن أبرزها عقوبة الغرامة حفظاً له، ومن هذا المنطلق قد جاءت هذه الدراسة التطبيقية لتقودنا إبراز تطبيقاتٍ مقاصدية من اجتهادات وأحكام تتعلّق بالغرامات المالية من التغريم والمصادرة والإتلاف والحرمان على الإخلال بالأنظمة الإدارية: من جرائم الأسواق في مسائل الاحتكار، و مخالفة التسعير الجبري، والغشّ، والمواد المنتهية الصلاحية. وهي جرائم ضدّ الأمن المالي والتجاري، ممّا يشكّل اعتداء على نظام الدولة، أو تعدّ من الجرائم ضدّ الأمن العام والمنافع العامة للمجتمع، وبذلك يُبرز مدى علاقة الغرامات في الأنظمة الإدارية في جميع المجالات والشؤون بتحقيق المصالح العامة، وحفظ مقاصد الشريعة من الضروريات أو الحاجيات أو التحسينيات.
Banlieue Films Festival (BFF): Growing Cinephilia and Filmmaking in Senegal
Authors: Sendra Estrella 
Published: February 2021

This article examines small film festivals in the socio-cultural context of Senegal. Through the case study of the Banlieue Films Festival (BFF) in Dakar, founded in 2013 by Abdel Aziz Boye, I analyse the crucial role of festivals in strengthening the film industry, fostering cinephilia and encouraging the practical application of cultural policies. I suggest that contemporary film production, particularly, in the past five years (2015-2020) has been significantly shaped by grassroots initiatives that have eventually been transformed into structures. I also explore the role of “rooted cosmopolitans”, borrowing Kwame Appiah’s term in relation to the figure of Abdel Aziz Boye, who founded Ciné UCAD at the Université Cheikh Anta Diop, in Dakar, Ciné Banlieue, and, upon returning to Senegal from France, the BFF. I discuss BFF’s various forms of legacy, concluding that it has been an active agent in forging a new cinephilia and inspiring a wave of young filmmakers in Senegal.
Para uma Análise dos Festivais de Cinema em Portugal: Génese, institucionalização e desafios
Authors: Leão Tânia 
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio propõe analisar o nascimento e evolução dos festivais de cinema, em Portugal, a partir de duas orientações principais: (i) efetuando uma revisão da literatura que permita identificar as principais lacunas existentes sobre a matéria e apontar possibilidades de pesquisa; e (ii) desenvolvendo um itinerário analítico diacrónico, complementado por múltiplas dimensões de análise, para sublinhar a complexidade de que se reveste o fenómeno dos festivais de cinema (enformado por fatores históricos, políticos, económicos, sociais, territoriais/ espaciais e culturais). O texto procura, assim, discutir a relação entre essas múltiplas dimensões que, de forma dialogante, contribuem para uma análise interpretativa do modo como tem evoluído o fenómeno em Portugal: a conexão entre, por um lado, a gradativa proliferação de festivais de cinema e, por outro, as transformações nos espaços de exibição cinematográfica, as mudanças nas políticas públicas para o cinema (particularmente, na legislação aplicável ao circuito alternativo de exibição), e a crescente perceção dos festivais como fatores de desenvolvimento local; a reconfiguração dos circuitos de consumo/ fruição de cinema, com o agravamento das assimetrias territoriais na oferta cinematográfica; e a preservação da importância dos festivais de cinema enquanto contextos decisivos para a criação e manutenção de comunidades cinéfilas, espaços de reunião de intermediários culturais e profissionais do setor, e agentes dinamizadores da cinefilia e da cultura cinematográfica do país.
Zealous clout of COVID-19: analytical research at sixes and sevens
Authors: Raina Madhu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This New Year’s wake-up call warned us of Democles’ sword in the form of COVID-19, an epidemic turned pandemic. Seeming to reach a novel and awful landmark every day, governments across globe are fighting on toes to contain its spread. The pandemic is accelerating and information is being updated and changing by the hour. Till date shattering causalities across globe have been reported to World Health Organization. Nevertheless, the world is responding to this novel enemy with urgency and purpose. The challenge is great, but the response has been massive. Record characterisation and multiple sequences of this novel pathogen are being shared on global platform leading to a lot of diagnostics to get developed. Currently no treatment is effective against COVID-19 and there is a desperate need for international solidarity for valuable therapeutics. Present article briefs some milestones achieved by the killer virus thereby posing a challenge to medical science.