bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and inter‐comparison of appropriate long‐term precipitation datasets using decision tree model and statistical matrix over China
Authors: Faiz Muhammad Abrar , Zhang Yongqiang , Baig Faisal , Wrzesiński Dariusz , Naz Farah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe reliability of long‐term precipitation estimates is vital for climatology and hydrometeorology applications. Different climatic zones and high rain gauge network (more than 800) of China are a suitable topography for performance evaluation of different long‐term precipitation datasets. In this study, seven long‐term precipitation datasets are tested against in situ observations at different time scales (1981–2016) at 813 grid points. Well‐known statistical indicators and Fast‐frugal tree (FFt) decision model are employed to identify the best long‐term datasets. Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks Climate Data Record is the only datasets that did not perform well in the study area. Asian Precipitation‐Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE), Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC‐Global) estimates are comparable with in situ observations. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP2) overestimate the precipitation extremes in the region. There exists a difference of 100–250 mm among precipitation datasets at an annual scale. All of the seven long‐term datasets underestimate the rxdays across China. The minimum range of rxdays (maximum precipitation amount in under defined days: 1 day or 5 days) captured by datasets is comparable except PERSIANN‐CDR. The maximum range calculated with PERSIANN‐CDR is 55.01 (rx1day), and 129.67 (rx5day), much less than the in situ rxdays. This analysis shows that datasets failed to capture maximum precipitation intensity in the region as well. FFt decision model results show that APHRODITE ranked first based on calculated consecutive dry days among all six other datasets in the most climatic zones. Overall, results indicate that data assimilation, the spatial coverage of ground stations, and interpolation techniques used to develop the datasets may limit the reliability of precipitation datasets in the study area.
Theoretical modeling study of the reaction H + CF4 → HF + CF3
Authors: Cobos Carlos J. , Knight Gary , Marshall Paul , Troe Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe high‐temperature hydrogenation of CF4 in mixtures of CF4 and H2 is assumed to involve the reaction H + CF4 → HF + CF3. The hydrogen atoms here are either formed by the reaction of F and CF3 (i.e., the products of the thermal dissociation of CF4) with H2, or by the thermal dissociation of H2. In the former case, a complicated chain process is started, while the reaction proceeds in a more direct way in the latter. This article determines the rate constant of the reaction H + CF4 → HF + CF3, characterizing its transition state by quantum‐chemical methods. Over the temperature range 1000–3000 K, the most accurate results for the rate constant can be represented in the form 1.64 × 1014 (T/1000 K)1.95 exp(−178.8 kJ mol–1/RT) cm3 mol–1 s–1, based on coupled cluster theory extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, and incorporating vibrational anharmonicity, electron correlation through CCSDT(Q), and relativistic and non‐Born–Oppenheimer effects.
Cannabidiol for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: de Almeida Carlos M.O. , Brito Manuelina M.C. , Bosaipo Nayanne B. , Pimentel Angela V. , Tumas Vitor , Zuardi Antonio W. , Crippa Jose A.S. , Hallak Jaime E.C. , Eckeli Alan L. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundREM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a common non‐motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main non‐psychoactive components of Cannabis sativa and may represent an alternative route for treating RBD.ObjectiveThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of CBD for RBD in PD.MethodsWe conducted a phase II/III, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in 33 patients with RBD and PD. Patients were randomized 1:1 to CBD in doses of 75 to 300mg or matched capsules placebo and were followed up for 14 weeks. The primary outcomes were the frequency of nights with RBD, CGI‐I, and CGI‐S.ResultsCBD showed no difference to placebo for primary outcomes. Regarding secondary outcomes, we observed a significant improvement in average sleep satisfaction from the 4th to 8th week in the CBD versus placebo group with P = 0.049 and P = 0.038, respectively.ConclusionCBD, as an adjunct therapy, showed no reduction in RBD manifestations in PD patients. A transient improvement in sleep satisfaction with a dose of 300mg has been noted. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative validation of MRI mapping of cerebral venous oxygenation with direct blood sampling: A graded‐O2 study in piglets
Authors: Jiang Dengrong , Koehler Raymond C. , Liu Xiuyun , Kulikowicz Ewa , Lee Jennifer K. , Lu Hanzhang , Liu Peiying 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo validate two neonatal cerebral venous oxygenation (Yv) MRI techniques, T2 relaxation under phase contrast (TRUPC) and accelerated TRUPC (aTRUPC) MRI, with oxygenation measured with direct blood sampling.MethodsIn vivo experiments were performed on seven healthy newborn piglets. For each piglet, a catheter was placed in the superior sagittal sinus to obtain venous blood samples for blood gas oximetry measurement as a gold standard. During the MRI experiment, three to five venous oxygenation levels were achieved in each piglet by varying inhaled O2 content and breathing rate. Under each condition, Yv values of the superior sagittal sinus measured by TRUPC, aTRUPC, and blood gas oximetry were obtained. The Yv quantification in TRUPC and aTRUPC used a standard bovine blood calibration model. The aTRUPC scan was repeated twice to assess its reproducibility. Agreements among TRUPC Yv, aTRUPC Yv, and blood gas oximetry were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and paired Student’s t‐test.ResultsThe mean hematocrit was 23.6 ± 6.5% among the piglets. Across all measurements, Yv values were 51.9 ± 21.3%, 54.1 ± 18.8%, and 53.7 ± 19.2% for blood gas oximetry, TRUPC and aTRUPC, respectively, showing no significant difference between any two methods (P > .3). There were good correlations between TRUPC and blood gas Yv (ICC = 0.801; P < .0001), between aTRUPC and blood gas Yv (ICC = 0.809; P < .0001), and between aTRUPC and TRUPC Yv (ICC = 0.887; P < .0001). The coefficient of variation of aTRUPC Yv was 8.1 ± 9.9%.ConclusionThe values of Yv measured by TRUPC and aTRUPC were in good agreement with blood gas oximetry. These findings suggest that TRUPC and aTRUPC can provide accurate quantifications of Yv in major cerebral veins.
Adventure‐based training to enhance resilience and reduce depressive symptoms among juveniles: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chung Joyce O. K. , Li William H. C. , Ho K. Y. , Lam Katherine K. W. , Cheung Ankie T. , Ho Laurie L. K. , Lin Jessie J. , Lopez Violeta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is growing concern about mental health problems among juveniles. Evidence shows that adventure‐based training can reduce depressive symptoms in school children. However, a rigorous empirical investigation of the effectiveness of such training in enhancing resilience among juveniles has not yet been performed. In this study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of adventure‐based training in enhancing resilience and self‐esteem and reducing depressive symptoms among juveniles. Secondary school students from grades 7 to 9 (aged 12–16 years) who attended the Integrated Children and Youth Services Centre in a large public housing estate in Hong Kong from December 20, 2018 to November 25, 2019 were invited to participate in this study. We randomly assigned 228 eligible adolescents to an experimental group (n = 115) that received a 2‐day/1‐night adventure‐based training or a placebo control group (n = 113) that received 2 days of leisure activities organized by the Integrated Children and Youth Services Centre. Data were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the corresponding interventions. The primary outcome was resilience at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms and self‐esteem at 6 months. Compared with the placebo control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher resilience (p = 0.001) and fewer depressive symptoms (p = 0.02) at 6 months, and significantly higher self‐esteem at 3 months (p = 0.04), but not at 6 months (p = 0.12). However, the generalizability of the findings is limited as we used a convenience sample.
Long‐term outcomes of pediatric and young adult patients receiving radiotherapy for nonmalignant vascular anomalies
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Lamba Nayan , Marcus Karen J. , Sandler Eric S. , Gold Stuart H. , Margolin Judith F. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne A. , Adams Denise M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNonmalignant vascular anomalies (VA) comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions characterized by aberrant growth or development of blood and/or lymphatic vessels and can cause significant morbidity. Little is known about outcomes after radiotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with nonmalignant VA.MethodsThirty patients who were diagnosed with nonmalignant VA and treated with radiotherapy prior to 2017 and before the age of 30 were identified. Clinical and treatment characteristics and outcomes were recorded.ResultsMedian age at first radiotherapy was 15 years (range 0.02–27). Median follow‐up from completion of first radiotherapy was 9.8 years (range 0.02–67.4). Lymphatic malformations (33%), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (17%), and venous malformations (17%) were the most common diagnoses. The most common indication for first radiotherapy was progression despite standard therapy and/or urgent palliation for symptoms (57%). After first radiotherapy, 14 patients (47%) had a complete response or partial response, defined as decrease in size of treated lesion or symptomatic improvement. After first radiotherapy, 27 (90%) required additional treatment for progression or recurrence. Long‐term complications included telangiectasias, fibrosis, xerophthalmia, radiation pneumonitis, ovarian failure, and central hypothyroidism. No patient developed secondary malignancies. At last follow‐up, three patients (10%) were without evidence of disease, 26 (87%) with disease, and one died of complications (3.3%).ConclusionsA small group of pediatric and young adult patients with nonmalignant, high‐risk VA experienced clinical benefit from radiotherapy with expected toxicity; however, most experienced progression. Prospective studies are needed to characterize indications for radiotherapy in VA refractory to medical therapy, including targeted inhibitors.
An efficient colorimetric inspection of ammonia using silver nanoparticles synthesized by 3‐(1‐(2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl)‐1H‐indole as chemo‐sensors in water environment
Authors: Elsharkawy Rehab G. , Ghoneim Amira A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe synthesized 3‐(1‐(2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl)‐1H‐indole by condensed of 3‐acetylindole with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine used as chemo sensor for ammonia. Silver nanoparticles were prepared using a straightforward strategy technique of chemical reduction process by hydrazine derivative (HD) at room temperature. HD has been utilized as a reducing and stabilizer; that is, no other capping agent needed to guide the anisotropic formation of Ag‐NPs. UV/Vis spectroscopy was used to evaluate the formation of silver nanoparticles where the maximum LSPR was recorded at 440 nm at various stirring time. It is noticed that the amplitude of UV/vis band increased with increasing stirring reaction time. Chemically prepared AgNPs employed in colorimetric tests to track ammonia in solution that is dependent on color shift of a chemochromic agent embedded in a porous matrix. Ammonia influences the characteristics of the nanoparticles synthesized in a concentration‐dependent condition as established by localized surface plasmon resonance. The designed novel detectors are efficient at room temperature, showing quick rebuttal times in a broad array of sensing rates.
A network analysis approach in multidimensional poverty
Authors: García‐Vélez Diego , Nuñez Velázquez José J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper applies a network analysis approach to weight the dimensions of multidimensional poverty. Weights are allocated according to the interaction of the deprivations to eliminate arbitrary value judgments used in equitable weighting. The approach is applied to a developing country. The results indicate that some dimensions are more relevant than others and measures of poverty show significant differences when changing the weighting approach.
The predictive value of impulse oscillometry for asthma exacerbations in childhood: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Ling Yaoyao , Si Minghui , Niu Yufan , Han Yuqi , Xu Yongsheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have explored the predictive value of impulse oscillometry (IOS) for asthma exacerbations in childhood, but its specific parameters are still unclear. Therefore, we designed this meta‐analysis to determine the related indicators of acute asthma attacks.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed on July 9, 2020 based on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science database. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using fixed‐ or random‐effects models.ResultsA total of 615 patients from six trials were included in this analysis. IOS may be a useful tool to predict asthma exacerbations. And the results showed that R5 (WMD = −1.21, 95% CI: −1.55 to −0.87, p < .001), Fres (WMD = −1.34, 95% CI: −2.03 to −0.65, p = .018), and AX (WMD = −7.35, 95% CI: −9.94 to −4.76, p < .001) had significant correlation with asthma exacerbations. In addition, X5 may also predict the acute attack of asthma (WMD = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.01, p < .001).ConclusionsR5, AX, Fres, and X5 may be able to identify the risk of an acute attack of asthma. Besides, our research further demonstrated that peripheral airway injury may play an important role in the acute attack of asthma.
Changes in atmospheric latent energy transport into the Arctic: Planetary versus synoptic scales
Authors: Rydsaa J. H. , Graversen R. G. , Heiskanen T. I. H. , Stoll P. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAtmospheric meridional energy transport into the Arctic plays an important role in Arctic weather and climate. The transport of latent energy in the form of water vapour strongly influences the Arctic atmosphere. The transport is achieved by circulation mechanisms on various scales and is largely comprised of extreme transport events. Here, we use a Fourier‐based method of dividing the latent energy transport into spatial scales and investigate the extent to which extreme events in latent energy transport on planetary and synoptic scales have changed over the past four decades, and how they influence the Arctic winter temperatures. We find that wintertime extreme transport events on planetary scales are associated with warm temperature anomalies across the entire Arctic, while the extreme events on synoptic scales have less impact on the Arctic temperatures. We show that over the past four decades, there has been a significant increase in the wintertime latent energy transport by planetary‐scale systems, and a decrease in synoptic‐scale transport. This shift may have contributed to the amplified warming observed in the Arctic winter over the past decades.
Arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene as anchoring materials for lithium‐sulfur batteries: A computational study
Authors: Mao Xiaotong , Zhu Lin , Fu Aiping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinding effective anchoring materials for the immobilization of soluble lithium polysulfides to suppress the shuttling effect has become the key to large‐scale application of lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this work, the potentials of group‐VA two‐dimensional (2D) materials including arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene (As, Sb and Bi monolayers) as Li‐S battery cathode anchoring materials were systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption energies of sulfur (S8) and various lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, n = 8, 6, 4, 2, 1), as well as the diffusion energy barriers for long‐chain Li2S4 and Li2S6 on these three monolayers were studied in detail. The calculated moderate adsorption energies of these monolayers to all polysulfides imply that they can effectively inhibit the shuttling effect. The favorable diffusion barriers for Li2S4 and Li2S6 ensure the efficient diffusion of polysulfides on monolayer surface. In addition, these 2D materials can keep a balance between binding strength and the structural integrity of polysulfides. The presented merits demonstrate that As, Sb and Bi monolayers can be the promising cathode anchoring materials to improve performance of Li‐S batteries.
A novel linear matrix inequality‐based robust event‐triggered model predictive control for a class of discrete‐time linear systems
Authors: Hu Yingjie , Fan Ding , Peng Kai , Iu Herbert Ho‐Ching , Zhang Xinan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies a linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based robust event‐triggered model predictive control (ET‐MPC) for a class of discrete linear time‐invariant systems subject to bounded disturbances. In the presented robust event‐triggered MPC, the event‐triggered mechanism is first set by the deviation between the optimal state and actual state. In addition, the Lyapunov‐based stability condition is employed in the constraints for simplifying parameters and enhancing the universality. Subsequently, a novel design framework that involves LMIs approach is developed. In such a framework, the Lyapunov weight matrix is predesigned by solving a convex optimization problem with LMIs and the infinite horizon MPC optimization problem is also transformed as LMIs such that the computational complexity is significantly reduced. To guarantee robust constraint satisfaction, a dual‐mode control strategy is adopted. In this way, the proposed robust ET‐MPC has the ability to deal with the constrained system. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the recursive feasibility and stability is provided. The numerical simulations and comparison studies demonstrate that the proposed robust ET‐MPC not only has satisfying control performance but also significantly reduces the computational burden.
Successful treatment of occult hyperadrenocorticism with mitotane but not trilostane in a dog
Authors: Park Su‐Min , Kim Kyeong‐Bo , Song Woo‐Jin , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOccult (or atypical) hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) shows clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities similar to classic hyperadrenocorticism, but normal signs in routine screening tests such as the corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation test and low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST). Here, we describe a case of occult HAC in a Yorkshire terrier treated with mitotane.CaseAn 11‐year‐old spayed female presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University because of respiratory distress symptoms, polyphagia, and polydipsia, suggestive of HAC. In abdominal sonography, enlargement of the caudal pole of the left adrenal gland was found, but the cortisol level of post‐ACTH stimulation test was below the cut‐off value, and LDDST was negative. To finalise the diagnosis of occult HAC, 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) was examined. The concentrations of 17‐OHP (pre‐ and post‐ACTH stimulation) were found to be elevated. As occult HAC was highly suspected, we prescribed trilostane for trial therapy. At first, the clinical signs improved, but they later worsened. We changed medication as trilostane to mitotane, and the symptoms were relieved after mitotane administration.ConclusionThis is a unique case of occult HAC in which the response to mitotane was better than trilostane.
Large eddy simulation: A study of clearings in forest and their effect on wind turbines
Authors: Matsfelt Johanna , Davidson Lars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, the Ryningsnäs site in Sweden is investigated using large eddy simulation with three different clearing setups: a homogeneous forest, that is, no clearing, the current clearing, that is, the existing clearing at the location, and an extended clearing. Neutral stratification is simulated, and the wind turbines are modelled by a two‐way‐coupled actuator line model. From the simulations, the electrical generator power was found to be the highest for the current clearing. But the fatigue loads were both higher and lower than the homogeneous forest depending on which part of the wind turbine that was investigated. The extended clearing nearly always had the lowest fatigue loads but unfortunately also the lowest electrical generator power. Further optimization of the clearings and the wind turbine locations in relation to them is needed to find the sweet spot where the fatigue loads are lower and the electrical generator power is higher.
Pair-production of cusps on a string in AdS3
Authors: Vegh David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The classical motion of a Nambu-Goto string in AdS3 spacetime is governed by the generalized sinh-Gordon equation. It can locally be reduced to the sinh-Gordon (shG), cosh-Gordon (chG), or Liouville equation, depending on the value of the scalar curvature of the induced metric. In this paper, I examine solutions that contain both shG-type and chG-type regions. The boundary between these regions moves with the speed of light. I show that near such boundaries (generalized) solitons can be classically pair-produced. The solitons move subluminally (superluminally) in the shG (chG) region on the worldsheet, and they correspond to cusps on the string. A direct energy cascade is observed at the moment of pair-creation.For the calculations, I use an exact discretization of the equation of motion. The solutions are segmented strings. In this discrete system, pair-production leads to a complete evaporation of the shG region. The final state is a gas of cusps in a chG environment.
Biomechanics of a cemented short stem: a comparative in vitro study regarding primary stability and maximum fracture load
Authors: Freitag Tobias , Kutzner Karl Philipp , Bieger Ralf , Reichel Heiko , Ignatius Anita , Dürselen Lutz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In total hip arthroplasty, uncemented short stems have been used more and more frequently in recent years. Especially for short and curved femoral implants, bone-preserving and soft tissue-sparing properties are postulated. However, indication is limited to sufficient bone quality. At present, there are no curved short stems available which are based on cemented fixation.

Methods
In this in vitro study, primary stability and maximum fracture load of a newly developed cemented short-stem implant was evaluated in comparison to an already well-established cemented conventional straight stem using six pairs of human cadaver femurs with minor bone quality. Primary stability, including reversible micromotion and irreversible migration, was assessed in a dynamic material-testing machine. Furthermore, a subsequent load-to-failure test revealed the periprosthetic fracture characteristics.

Results
Reversible and irreversible micromotions showed no statistical difference between the two investigated stems. All short stems fractured under maximum load according to Vancouver type B3, whereas 4 out of 6 conventional stems suffered a periprosthetic fracture according to Vancouver type C. Mean fracture load of the short stems was 3062 N versus 3160 N for the conventional stems (p = 0.84).

Conclusion
Primary stability of the cemented short stem was not negatively influenced compared to the cemented conventional stem and no significant difference in fracture load was observed. However, a clear difference in the fracture pattern has been identified.