bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of Improvements in a System-Wide Peer Support Program for Pediatric Critical Care Providers
Authors: Wolf Michael , George Roshan , Smith Kathleen , Rodriguez Zahidee , Gleason Michelle , Border William 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHealth care providers are at risk of emotional distress and Second Victim Syndrome (SVS). We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of improvements in a system-wide peer support program in reducing emotional distress after an unanticipated adverse event, poor patient outcome, medical error, or patient-related injury. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool was sent to all intensive care (intensive care unit [ICU]) providers (n = 900) in our health care system. The current survey results were compared with the same survey from 2020. The period between the surveys included increased peer supporters and awareness of peer support programs, rapid deployment of unit-based support, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The response rate in 2022 increased to 40% (n = 364) from 28% (n = 266) in 2020. Respondents did not differ in age, gender, home unit, role, or years of experience. The number of providers who experienced psychological distress (42% to 33%; p = 0.02) and physical distress (26% to 17%; p = 0.01) decreased between surveys. Significant decreases occurred primarily in nurses and respiratory therapists. Consideration of turnover increased from 25% to 33% (p = 0.01). Desired support did not change between survey periods with “the ability to take time away” (74% and 73%), “a peaceful location to recover” (64% and 70%), and “a respected peer to discuss the details of what happened” (83% and 78%) being most desired. We demonstrate results consistent with the positive impact of a peer support program on staff and provider emotional distress and SVS in our pediatric health care system. A multidisciplinary peer support program is crucial to staff well-being and resilience in high-stress ICU and inpatient environments.
Understanding the ECMO, Recovery, and Outcome Experience of Pediatric Respiratory ECMO Survivors
Authors: Hennigan Claire M. , Cheung Eva W. , Zygmunt Annette P. , Garey Donna , Morris Marilyn C. , Geneslaw Andrew S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is deployed to support children with severe respiratory failure. Unlike neonatal and cardiac ECMO populations, childhood respiratory ECMO survivors are rarely studied as a distinct population, leading to gaps in our understanding of their experiences. This study aimed to describe the family and patient experiences and functional outcomes of childhood respiratory ECMO survivors. Retrospective, mixed-methods, single center cohort study of children who required ECMO for respiratory failure in the pediatric intensive care unit and survived to discharge from May 2014 to December 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, and functional assessments of children were conducted via Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd edition (VABS-3). Of 22 respiratory ECMO survivors, 15 (68%) were successfully contacted and 12 (55%) completed interviews. Median age was 7 years (IQR: 1-16) at cannulation and 12 years (IQR: 5-16) at interview. Interviews revealed the need for greater preparation before ECMO, and practitioner-led guidance and education during ECMO. Only 50% had a medical home. The magnitude of physical and psychological recovery was unexpected, and mental health needs continued after discharge. VABS-3 was assessed in 92% of participants and varied widely (median, 85, IQR: 74-107). Despite wide ranging outcomes, families shared difficulties surrounding rehabilitation, centralized care, and the emotional toll of their child’s illness. Families desired additional support before, during, and after ECMO, particularly anticipatory guidance. Psychiatric needs were underestimated. Understanding the challenges faced by survivors and their parents will enable pediatric intensivists to better advise families through all phases of ECMO.
Evaluation of radiological risks due to natural radionuclides in the soil of Khanaqin district, Diyala, Iraq
Authors: Namq Berivan F , Hussein Zakariya A , Othman Sardar Qader , Najam Laith Ahmed , Wais Taha Yaseen , Sayyed M I , Mansour Howaida , Rilwan U 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the radiological impacts in Khanaqin, located in the Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The specific activities of natural radionuclides of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples were investigated by collecting thirty composite soil samples from different locations in the area. Measurements were performed using a NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry system to acquire the data and analyses were conducted using the UCS-20 program. From the results, the average specific activities of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were 25.15 ± 3.65 Bq kg−1, 12.27 ± 2.28 Bq kg−1, and 300.09 ± 14.50 Bq kg−1, respectively. These results were lower than the global average recommended by UNSCEAR. The radiological risk criteria were estimated based on the specific activities of radionuclides to assess any radiological risks that may be associated with the soil of the study area under investigation. The radiological risk criteria included radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (DR), annual effective dose (AEDE), annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGDE), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), representative gamma index (I
γ
) and effective dose rate to different body organs (Dorgan). They were compared with the international safe limits. Overall, all the radiological risk criteria had values lower than the worldwide average recommended by UNSCEAR. This work employed statistical techniques to understand and explain the statistical characteristics of measured radionuclide-specific activities and the associated radiological risk criteria , including skewness, kurtosis, correlation coefficients, and K-means cluster analysis.
Off-equatorial deflections and gravitational lensing. II. In general stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
Authors: Ying Xinguang 英信广 , Jia Junji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we develop a general perturbative procedure to find the off-equatorial plane deflections in the weak deflection limit in general stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes, allowing the existence of the generalized Carter constant. Deflections of both null and timelike rays, with the finite distance effect of the source and detector taken into account, are obtained as dual series of $M/r_0$ and $r_0/r_{s,d}$. These deflections allow a set of exact gravitational lensing equations from which the images' apparent angular positions are solved. The method and general results are then applied to the Kerr-Newmann, Kerr-Sen, and rotating Simpson-Visser spacetimes to study the effect of the spin and characteristic (effective) charge of the spacetimes and the source altitude on the deflection angles and image apparent angles. It is found that, in general, both the spacetime spin and charge only affect the deflections from the second non-trivial order, while the source altitude influences the deflection from the leading order. Because of this, it is found that, in gravitational lensing in realistic situations, it is hard to measure the effects of the spacetime spin and charge from the images' apparent locations. We also presented the off-equatorial deflections in the rotating Bardeen, Hayward, Ghosh, and Tinchev black hole spacetimes.
Search for the lepton number violation decay $\phi \to \pi^+ \pi^+ e^- e^-$ via $J/\psi\to \phi\eta$
Authors: Zhao Ming-Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using $(1.0087\pm0.0044)\times10^{10}$ $J/\psi$ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the lepton number violation decay $\phi \to \pi^+ \pi^+ e^- e^-$ via $J/\psi\to \phi\eta$. No signal is found and the upper limit on the branching fraction of $\phi \to \pi^+ \pi^+ e^- e^-$ is set to be $1.3\times10^{-5}$ at the 90\% confidence level.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
External kink related sideways force on the tokamak wall
Authors: Abate D. , Yanovskiy V. , Cordaro L. , Pigatto L. , Pustovitov V.D. , Terranova D. , Zanca P. , Zuin M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The external kink related sideways wall force is investigated on ultralow-q RFX-mod plasma discharge. Several theoretical predictions are experimentally verified. The presence of coupled kink modes is observed when the wall is subject to a sideways force. The absence of an integral electromagnetic force on the plasma is analyzed in such conditions. The dependence of sideways force on the mode growth rate is also revealed. A comparison between different theoretical predictions of the sideways force magnitude is performed for both flat-top and ramp-down phases. The results are compared with the direct calculation of sideways force provided by the ex-vessel magnetic measurements. These analyses show that the sideways force related to kink-like mode is much smaller than predicted by models that approximate the plasma as a rigid current-carrying ring or that neglect the presence of the wall.
Current use and development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a review
Authors: Blagov Alexander , Orekhov Nikolay , Churov Alexey , Starodubtseva Irina , Beloyartsev Dmitry , Kovyanova Tatiana , Sukhorukov Vasily , Orekhov Alexander 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The development of targeted drugs for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a promising area of research because targeted drugs are associated with a lower risk of severe side effects than systemic drugs. There are only two approved drugs based on monoclonal antibodies (a group of targeted drugs) for the treatment of SLE, so there is an unmet need for the development of new and improved antibody analogs. This review analyzes the effectiveness and safety of both already approved antibodies (anifrolumab and belimumab) for the treatment of SLE and antibodies under development with an assessment of their future prospects for entering the pharmaceutical market. In addition to the antibodies themselves, the choice of their therapeutic targets and what role the targets can play in the effectiveness and safety of the antibodies are analyzed here.
Evaluating the clarity, applicability, and evaluability of an ASHP standard for international pharmaceutical practice in a Quebec healthcare institution
Authors: Bonnabry Elsa , Lebel Denis , Atkinson Suzanne , Roy Hélène , Piaget Iciar , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Disclaimer
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Purpose
The primary objective was to assess the clarity, applicability, and evaluability of the criteria included in the ASHP accreditation standard for international hospital and health-system pharmacy services. The secondary objective was to determine the proportion of the ASHP criteria that could be matched with those of Accreditation Canada’s medication management standards.

Methods
For this cross-sectional descriptive study, a panel of 5 experts was recruited. Each panelist was invited, by electronic means, to consult the ASHP standard and rate its criteria in terms of clarity, applicability, and evaluability. After a 21-day consultation period, a summary grid was produced for a meeting, during which individual results were presented and, after discussion and by consensus, a rating for each criterion was determined.

Results
Regarding the primary objective, the panel of experts considered the criteria of the ASHP standard to be clear (98.8%, 82/83), applicable to pharmaceutical practice in Quebec healthcare institutions (96.4%, 80/83), and evaluable (95.2%, 79/83). Regarding the secondary objective, almost one-third (28.9%, 24/83) of the criteria within the ASHP standard could be matched completely to criteria within the Accreditation Canada medication management standards; a smaller proportion (26.5%, 22/83) could be partially matched to the Canadian standards, and the remainder (44.6%, 37/83) could not be matched.

Conclusion
This descriptive, cross-sectional study showed that the ASHP criteria for international facilities are clear, applicable to hospital pharmacy practice in Quebec, and can be evaluated. However, only a limited proportion of the ASHP criteria could be matched with the Accreditation Canada medication management standards. The applicability to a larger cross section of hospital sites in Quebec or Canada (general hospitals as well as pediatric and specialty hospitals) could also be undertaken.
Adapting situational judgment tests to the postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency selection process at an academic medical center
Authors: Le Christina K , Stevens Craig A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Evaluation methods for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency positions must objectively rank candidates and assess clinical and nonclinical characteristics. Situational judgment tests (SJTs), many of which have been shown to be both consistent and validated, were used as a structure for a new assessment adapted into our selection process to predict candidates’ future success in our residency program. To our knowledge, no PGY1 pharmacy residency program has published its experience adapting an SJT in a live panel environment.

Summary
We formulated a modified SJT with 5 scenarios devised to judge 5 behavioral domains: communication, integrity, assertiveness, time management, and problem solving. These domains align with our organization’s core values and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) required competency areas, goals, and objectives (CAGOs) for PGY1 programs. Similarly, scenarios and responses attempted to reduce risk of bias and ensure measurement of relevant skills. These assessments were intended to expose patterns that suggested fear of authority, lack of awareness, aversion to confrontation, or carelessness. We also noted if candidates struggled to grasp and follow instructions, commit to answers, consider multiple facets of a decision, or defend their choice. This information was not assessed in other components of our current process.

Conclusion
Our modified SJTs and structured rubric assess candidate skills in a standardized manner. By evaluating a candidate’s response and verbalized thought process in search of core values, we move away from using subjective “fit” and instead focus on specific characteristics we seek to nurture and develop in our future residents.
Neuropsychological Functioning in Cognitively Normal, Older American Indians of the Southwestern United States
Authors: Cerbone Brittany , Hanson Krista D , Lomay Vicky T , Wicklund Meredith , Weidman David A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
There is a dearth of research on neuropsychological functioning and the validity of assessment measures in American Indian (AI) older adults. The present study sought to comprehensively examine neuropsychological functioning in cognitively normal AI older adults in the southwestern USA (i.e., Arizona).

Participants and Methods
Ninety predominantly female participants (45 AIs and 45 non-Hispanic Whites) aged 44 years and older (mean age of mid-60s) were matched on age, decade, gender, and assessment battery. Participants were enrolled in the Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Center database. Data obtained included demographics, medical history, psychiatric variables, and raw neuropsychological scores. Analyses included ANCOVAs, chi-square, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results
AIs generally had lower performance across all neuropsychological measures compared with matched Whites, even after controlling for demographic variables. Performance between groups was most discrepant on several measures of global cognition, attention, executive functioning, and language, while performance was statistically comparable on measures of memory and visuospatial abilities. The AI group had higher proportions of diabetes and obesity, but results showed that higher cardiovascular risk was not predictive of lower cognitive performance with the exception of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that older AIs perform lower on many neuropsychological measures compared with non-Hispanic Whites, even after controlling for demographic variables. This suggests that other factors, including language, culture, educational quality, overall health, socioeconomic status, and level of acculturation may be impacting test scores and need to be considered when assessing and diagnosing older AIs.
A line in the sand: Moving from surface improvement to foundational shifts to develop effective responses to extra-familial risks and harms
Authors: Firmin Carlene , Lefevre Michelle , Langhoff Kristine , Ruch Gillian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For over a decade, UK policymakers have responded to global ambitions to protect children from exploitation and other forms of extra-familial risks and harms by recommending that social workers coordinate local responses. This has required a significant shift in the design and delivery of social care services. In this article, we report findings from a three-year Institutional Ethnography of six social care sites that used three innovation frameworks to facilitate this shift. We identify corresponding points of progress and challenge regarding the ability of these sites to create systems in which responses to extra-familial risks and harms were reflective of the dynamics of this harm-type; relational; and interagency. While site progress illustrated improvements in service, delivery challenges indicated an absence of shifts in service foundations. By discussing our findings in dialogue with psychosocial theories, we uncover a direct relationship between day-to-day practice shortfalls and often unseen ‘ruling relations’ that govern safeguarding systems of Anglophone countries. At a time when further UK policy reform is anticipated, we draw a line in the sand and recommend national and international policymakers looks beyond service improvement and commit to reform system foundations to effectively safeguard young people abused beyond their homes.
Synthesis of natural products and their derivatives using dynamic crystallization
Authors: Sato Takaaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Syntheses of natural products and their derivatives require compounds of ever-increasing complexity. Therefore, the control of selectivity becomes more challenging under conventional kinetic and thermodynamic conditions in solution. Dynamic crystallization (alternatively referred to as crystallization-induced transformation: CIT) has been recognized as a practical approach to control the selectivity when the desired product is a less-soluble crystal under equilibrium conditions. This highlight review summarizes the applications of dynamic crystallization to natural product synthesis.
Insights from a year of field deployments inform the conservation of an endangered estuarine fish
Authors: Davis Brittany E , Hammock Bruce G , Kwan Nicole , Pien Catarina , Bell Heather , Hartman Rosemary , Baerwald Melinda R , Schreier Brian , Gille Daphne , Acuña Shawn , Teh Swee , Hung Tien-Chieh , Ellison Luke , Cocherell Dennis E , Fangue Nann A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Freshwater fishes are increasingly facing extinction. Some species will require conservation intervention such as habitat restoration and/or population supplementation through mass-release of hatchery fish. In California, USA, a number of conservation strategies are underway to increase abundance of the endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus); however, it is unclear how different estuarine conditions influence hatchery fish. The goal of this study was to evaluate a year of Delta Smelt field deployments to inform species conservation strategies of suitable conditions for smelt physiology. Hatchery-reared Delta Smelt was deployed in experimental cages (seven deployments) throughout the Estuary in the winter, summer and fall of 2019. Effects of season and location of cage deployments on fish health (condition factor and histological condition of liver and gill), growth, thermal tolerance and survival were evaluated. The results indicate both seasonal and location differences, with high survival in the winter (100%) and fall (88–92%) compared to lower survival in summer (67%). In the summer, one of the study sites had no surviving fish following high temperature exposure, which peaked ~26°C. After 29 days in the cages, surviving Delta Smelt in summer and fall showed signs of nutritional stress that may be related to biofouling of the cages limiting passive food inputs, restriction of natural foraging behaviour by containment in the cages, and water temperatures that were too high given the chronically low pelagic productivity in the Estuary overall. Field measurements of upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) following caging exposures suggest that laboratory measures of CTmax may overestimate the realized tolerance in a more stochastic field environment. This study demonstrates the utility of using cages as an experimental tool to better understand aspects of Delta Smelt physiological responses to environmental changes across estuarine habitats in a more natural-field setting, while also highlighting potential limitations of using cages.
A development-centric perspective on pace-of-life syndromes
Authors: Smallegange Isabel M , Guenther Anja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Organism responses to environmental change require coordinated changes across correlated traits, so-called syndromes. For example, animals differ in their “pace-of-life syndrome” (POLS); suites of correlated life-history, behavioral and physiological traits. But standard “gene-centric” evolutionary theory cannot explain why POLSs exist because it assumes that the expression of phenotypic traits of animals is determined by genotype-specified reaction norms; it ignores that developmental processes can bias the direction of evolution so that phenotypes no longer match genotype-by-environment interactions. Here we apply a development-centric perspective to derive new POLS hypotheses that can resolve the conflict that current POLS predictions fail to explain which species/populations are resilient to environmental change.