bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning‐based model for prediction of hemorrhagic transformation after stroke
Authors: Jiang Liang , Zhou Leilei , Yong Wei , Cui Jinluan , Geng Wen , Chen Huiyou , Zou Jianjun , Chen Yang , Yin Xindao , Chen Yu‐Chen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the most serious complications after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate deep‐learning (DL) models based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to automatically predict HT in AIS patients. Multiparametric MRI and clinical data of AIS patients with EVT from two centers (data set 1 for training and testing: n = 338; data set 2 for validating: n = 54) were used in the DL models. The acute infarction area of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and hypoperfusion of perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) was labeled manually. Two forms of data sets (volume of interest [VOI] data sets and slice data sets) were analyzed, respectively. The models based on single parameter and multiparameter models were developed and validated to predict HT in AIS patients after EVT. Performance was evaluated by area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value. The results showed that the performance of single parameter model based on MTT (VOI data set: AUC = 0.933, ACC = 0.843; slice data set: AUC = 0.945, ACC = 0.833) and TTP (VOI data set: AUC = 0.916, ACC = 0.873; slice data set: AUC = 0.889, ACC = 0.818) were better than the other single parameter model. The multiparameter model based on DWI & MTT & TTP & Clinical (DMTC) had the best performance for predicting HT (VOI data set: AUC = 0.948, ACC = 0.892; slice data set: AUC = 0.932, ACC = 0.873). The DMTC model in the external validation set achieved similar performance with the testing set (VOI data set: AUC = 0.939, ACC = 0.884; slice data set: AUC = 0.927, ACC = 0.871) (p > 0.05). The proposed clinical, DWI, and PWI multiparameter DL model has great potential for assisting the periprocedural management in the early prediction HT of the AIS patients with EVT.
Safety and efficacy of depatuxizumab mafodotin in Japanese patients with malignant glioma: A nonrandomized, phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Narita Yoshitaka , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Kagawa Naoki , Asai Katsunori , Nagane Motoo , Matsuda Masahide , Ueki Keisuke , Kuroda Junichiro , Date Isao , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kumabe Toshihiro , Beppu Takaaki , Kanamori Masayuki , Kasai Shota , Nishimura Yasuko , Xiong Hao , Ocampo Christopher , Yamada Masakazu , Mishima Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractINTELLANCE‐J was a phase 1/2 study of a potent antibody‐drug conjugate targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux‐M), as a second‐ or first‐line therapy, alone or combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in 53 Japanese patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade III/IV glioma. In second‐line arms, patients with EGFR‐amplified recurrent WHO grade III/IV glioma received Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy (temozolomide) or Depatux‐M alone regardless of EGFR status. In first‐line arms, patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade III/IV glioma received Depatux‐M plus chemoradiotherapy. The study was halted following lack of survival benefit with first‐line Depatux‐M in the global trial INTELLANCE‐1. The primary endpoint was 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with EGFR‐amplified tumors receiving second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy. Common nonocular treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with both second‐line and first‐line Depatux‐M included lymphopenia (42%, 33%, respectively), thrombocytopenia (39%, 47%), alanine aminotransferase increase (29%, 47%), and aspartate aminotransferase increase (24%, 60%); incidence of grade ≥3 TEAEs was 66% and 53%, respectively. Ocular side effects (OSEs) occurred in 93% of patients receiving second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy and all patients receiving second‐line Depatux‐M alone or first‐line Depatux‐M plus chemoradiotherapy. Most OSEs were manageable with dose modifications and concomitant medications. The 6‐month PFS estimate was 25.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.4‒42.6), and median PFS was 2.1 months (95% CI 1.9‒3.9) with second‐line Depatux‐M plus chemotherapy in the EGFR‐amplified subgroup. This study showed acceptable safety profile of Depatux‐M alone or plus chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in Japanese patients with WHO grade III/IV glioma. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02590263).
Can we predict mucosal remission in ulcerative colitis more precisely with a redefined cutoff level of C‐reactive protein?
Authors: Bakkaloglu Oguz Kagan , Eskazan Tugce , Celik Sinem , Kurt Enes Ali , Hatemi Ibrahim , Erzin Yusuf , Celik Aykut Ferhat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimMost patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) with active mucosal disease have a lower C‐reactive protein (CRP) level than the classic accepted cutoff level (≤5 mg/l). We aimed to predict the mucosal remission in UC with an optimal cutoff level of CRP when mucosal activity and extensiveness of UC were both considered.MethodIn this retrospective study, we evaluated CRP values and their relation to mucosal extension and UC activity in 331 colonoscopic examinations performed between December 2016 and March 2019. Endoscopic activity and disease extension were assessed using Mayo scores and the Montreal classification.ResultsThe Mayo 2 and 3 groups’ CRP values were significantly higher when compared with Mayo 0–1 between values of E1 and both E2 and E3 with an increasing trend. The standard CRP cutoff level ≤5 mg/l only yielded 55% specificity in predicting mucosal remission. In the ROC analysis, a CRP cutoff level ≤2.9 mg/l predicted an overall mucosal remission (Mayo 0–1) with 77% sensitivity and 80% specificity, and ≤1.9 mg/l predicted Mayo‐0 with 70% sensitivity and specificity. In the clinical remission subgroup, the overall CRP cutoff level was even lower, at ≤1.58 mg/l.ConclusionAn overall CRP cutoff level ≤2.9 mg/l predicts mucosal remission in UC better than the standard cutoff ≤5 mg/l. Mucosal remission in stable clinical remission may present with an even lower CRP level. An increasing trend in the CRP level from E1 through E3 even in mucosal remission suggests that both histological inflammation and extensiveness may have some influence on a CRP‐based prediction of endoscopic remission.
Evaluating the evidence of culling a native species for conservation benefits
Authors: Melton Courtney B. , Reside April E. , Simmonds Jeremy S. , Mcdonald Paul G. , Major Richard E. , Crates Ross , Catterall Carla P. , Clarke Michael F. , Grey Merilyn J. , Davitt Galen , Ingwersen Dean , Robinson Doug , Maron Martine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractControlling problem species for conservation can be fraught, particularly when native species are subject to lethal control. The noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), has been the target of numerous lethal control efforts. Outcomes of these noisy miner removals have varied substantially, so identifying the circumstances under which they are effective is essential for ethical and effective management. We compiled data for all identified noisy miner removals (n = 45), including both permit‐based and unofficial removals. We investigated whether methodological and ecological factors explained the effectiveness of removals in reducing noisy miner density or increasing woodland bird richness and abundance. The only predictor of any measure of success was time between first and final culls which was positively related to reduction in noisy miner density. Surprisingly, despite removals mainly failing to reduce noisy miner density to below a threshold above which noisy miners impact smaller birds, woodland birds usually still increased. Disrupted social structure as noisy miners recolonized may have led to less effective aggressive exclusion of small birds. Further removals may not need to reduce noisy miner density to below this threshold to benefit woodland birds, but consistent monitoring and reporting would support better evaluation of effectiveness and correlates of success.
Nature and treatment outcomes of bleeding post‐bulbar duodenal ulcers
Authors: Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Fukuda Sho , Abe Yasuhiko , Mikami Tatsuya , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Hikichi Takuto , Nakamura Jun , Onozato Yusuke , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi , Ohyauchi Motoki , Ito Hirotaka , Hanabata Norihiro , Araki Yasumitsu , Yanagita Takumi , Imamura Hidemichi , Tsuji Tsuyotoshi , Sugawara Kae , Horikawa Youhei , Ohara Shuichi , Kondo Yutaka , Dohmen Takahiro , Iijima Katsunori 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAlthough post‐bulbar duodenal ulcers (PBDUs) could become a source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the whole picture of the disease is unknown. We compared the characteristic features and treatment outcomes after endoscopic hemostasis between PBDUs and bulbar duodenal ulcers (BDUs).MethodsData on duodenal ulcers with evidence of endoscopically‐active bleeding were extracted from the data that were retrospectively collected from 12 institutes in Japan between 2011 and 2018. Rebleeding and in‐hospital mortality were compared between patients with PBDUs and those with BDUs by logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong 468 consecutive patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers, 96 (20.5%) had endoscopically‐confirmed PBDUs. PBDUs were more frequently observed in patients with a poor general condition in comparison to BDUs. The rates of rebleeding and in‐hospital mortality in patients with PBDUs were approximately three times higher than those in patients with BDUs (PBDU vs. BDU: 29.2% vs. 10.2% [P < 0.0001] and 14.6% vs. 5.1% [P = 0.0029], respectively). Although the high in‐hospital mortality in PBDUs could be explained, to a lesser extent, by the likelihood of rebleeding, and, to a greater extent, by the patients' poor general condition, the presence of a PBDU itself was largely responsible for the high rebleeding rates in PBDUs.ConclusionThis is the first study focusing on the nature and treatment outcomes of bleeding PBDUs. PBDUs were associated with much higher rebleeding and mortality rates in comparison to BDUs, and the likelihood of rebleeding may be derived from their unique anatomic location.
Treatment of nevus of Ota with 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Hedan , Guo Lifang , Jia Gaorong , Gong Xiangdong , Wu Qiuju , Zeng Rong , Zhang Mengli , Ding Hui , Fang Fumin , Zheng Huiying , Liu Xing , Ge Yiping , Yang Yin , Lin Tong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNevus of Ota has been successfully treated by lasers. Currently, 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG lasers have become available for the treatment of pigmented disorders. However, there are few studies concerning the application of 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser in nevus of Ota. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of nevus of Ota. We conducted a retrospective analysis of Chinese patients with nevus of Ota who had been treated with a 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Those who had any other laser treatment during the period of picosecond laser treatment were excluded. Via a visual analog scale for percentage of pigmentary clearance in standard photographs, the treatment efficacy was assessed by three blinded physician evaluators. A total of 16 subjects were included in this retrospective study. The average age at the beginning of treatment was 16.87 years old (range of 4 months to 59 years), and all patients were of Fitzpatrick skin type IV. Total treatment ranged from 1 to 5 sessions. A 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser with a mean fluence of 1.8–4.3 J/cm2 was used at 3–12 month intervals. The mean efficacy score for all 16 patients was 2.56 after one session, and the mean efficacy score of 13 patients who completed two sessions and nine patients who completed three sessions were 3.15 and 3.51, respectively. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after treatment was only observed in 1 (1/16, 6.25%) patient. The 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser is an effective and safe approach for treating nevus of Ota.
The effect of education on unemployment duration
Authors: Altindag Duha T. , Dursun Bahadіr , Filiz Elif S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExploiting the variation in education induced by a reform that compelled individuals to obtain additional schooling in Turkey, and using administrative unemployment insurance (UI) records, we show that high‐educated unemployed workers, compared to their low‐educated counterparts, use unemployment benefits longer, and they are less likely to find employment before their benefit periods expire. This suggests education increases one's selectiveness over jobs. We also show benefit generosity impacts the high‐ versus low‐educated differentially. Extended benefits increase low‐educated workers' probability of finding employment more than the high‐educated. Our findings highlight the importance of considering worker attributes when designing the UI system.
Marriage and immigration enforcement: The impact of Secure Communities on immigrant women
Authors: Bansak Cynthia , Pearlman Sarah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigate if increased deportations under the Secure Communities (SC) program impacted the marriage patterns of immigrant women in the United States. We focus on country of origin‐MSA deportation rates, arguing this is appropriate given the dominance of endogamous marriage among immigrants and large heterogeneity in removal rates. We find that rising deportations increased marriage rates and endogamous marriage, decreased exogamous marriage to immigrants from other countries, and had no impact on marriage to native‐born men. This is striking because SC likely reduced same ethnicity partners in marriage markets. We find some evidence that increased network effects may explain these results.
Data‐driven identification in SVARs—When and how can statistical characteristics be used to unravel causal relationships?
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Lange Alexander , Maxand Simone 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStructural vector autoregressive analysis aims to trace the contemporaneous linkages among multiple economic time series back to underlying orthogonal structural shocks. Traditionally, researchers rely on economically motivated restrictions to identify these shocks. However, in the presence of heteroskedasticity or non‐Gaussian independent components, only these statistical properties allow a locally unique identification. In this paper, we compare alternative statistical identification procedures under distinct covariance changes and distributional frameworks. We find that statistical identification schemes are robust under distinct data structures to some extent and support researchers in detecting shocks that feature an economic underpinning. The detection of independent components appears most flexible.
Understanding the economic activity generated by recreational fishing in South Africa provides insights on the role of recreational fisheries for social development
Authors: Potts Warren M. , Saayman Melville , Saayman Andrea , Mann Bruce Q. , Van der Merwe Peet , Britz Peter , Bova Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the economic activity associated with recreational fishing is well assessed in the developed world, substantially less is known in developing countries. South Africa is a unique microcosm for applying economic evaluation frameworks as its dualist economy shares characteristics of both the developed and developing world. Understanding participation levels and the role of dualism in economic activity linked to recreational fisheries is a crucial step towards leveraging the sector for economic development. A total of 1320 face‐to‐face and online questionnaires were used to estimate annual economic spend by recreational fishers, and the economic activity associated with this spend was modelled using Social Accounting Matrix analysis. Recreational fishing participation estimates totalled 1,327,633, which contributed ZAR 32.6 billion (US$2.2 billion) per year to economic activity and sustained 94,070 full‐time jobs. However, less than 10% of the economic activity benefitted lower income households, suggesting that the “first” and “second” economies of this dualist economy are disconnected. This is likely similar in other developing nations with international tourism‐driven recreational fisheries. To reduce this disconnect, changes in tourism policies to focus on local development, the identification of recreational fisheries tourism hotspots and the development of local education, skills and appropriate infrastructure through public–private partnerships will be necessary.
Soil multitrophic network complexity enhances the link between biodiversity and multifunctionality in agricultural systems
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Lu Yahai , Wei Gehong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBelowground biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem functions and services that humans rely on. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring the determinants of the biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, particularly in intensely managed agricultural ecosystems. Here, we reported significant and positive relationships between soil biodiversity of multiple organism groups and multiple ecosystem functions in 228 agricultural fields, relating to crop yield, nutrient provisioning, element cycling, and pathogen control. The relationships were influenced by the types of organisms that soil phylotypes with larger sizes or at higher trophic levels, for example, invertebrates or protist predators, appeared to exhibit weaker or no BEF relationships when compared to those with smaller sizes or at lower trophic levels, for example, archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protist phototrophs. Particularly, we highlighted the role of soil network complexity, reflected by co‐occurrence patterns among multitrophic‐level organisms, in enhancing the link between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Our results represent a significant advance in forecasting the impacts of belowground multitrophic organisms on ecosystem functions in agricultural systems, and suggest that soil multitrophic network complexity should be considered a key factor in enhancing ecosystem productivity and sustainability under land‐use intensification.
Interactive effects of growth stage and nitrogen fertilization on herbage characteristics and nutritive value of Paspalum atratum
Authors: Hughes Martin , Mlambo Victor , Lallo Cicero 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPaspalum atratum is a tropical grass with potential to contribute to forage availability in areas dominated by waterlogged acidic soils. However, little is known of the interactive effect of N fertilization and stage of harvest on its nutritive value. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the interactive effects of N fertilization and harvesting stage on herbage characteristics and nutritive value of P. atratum (Cv. Ubon) and to determine the optimum N fertilization rate at each stage of regrowth. P. atratum seedlings were planted in 18,631‐cm3 plastic pots containing growth media amended with 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha. Forage was harvested after 6‐ and 12‐weeks regrowth. Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on herbage yield, sward height, crude protein yield, crude protein concentration, and 12‐ and 24‐h in vitro ruminal organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). P. atratum fertilized with 50 kg N/ha produced the highest dry matter yield (1,133 kg DM/ha) at 12‐week regrowth. Crude protein (CP) was highest (133 g/kg DM) in 6‐week regrowth forage that received 50 kg N/ha. IVOMD at 12 and 24 h of incubation was highest in 6‐week regrowth forage amended with 0 and 50 kg N/ha, respectively. Herbage characteristics and nutritive value of P. atratum showed a quadratic response to N fertilization at both regrowth stages. Response surface optimization indicated that N fertilizer application rates of 56.0 and 52.3 kg N/ha maximized P. atratum herbage yield, CP content, and 12‐h IVOMD at 6‐ and 12‐week regrowth, respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that the herbage yield and nutritive value of 6‐ and 12‐week regrowth P. atratum is optimized with N fertilizer rates of 56.0 and 52.3 kg N/ha, respectively.
A single‐institution retrospective study of causes of prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the outpatient setting
Authors: Hazim Antonious Z. , Ruan Gordon J. , Khodadadi Ryan B. , Slusser Joshua P. , Marshall Ariela L. , Pruthi Rajiv K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAn algorithmic approach, termed the prolonged clot time profile (PROCT), consisting of initial screening with prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), reflexive mixing studies if indicated, and follow‐up assays depending on initial testing results, offers an efficient approach to delineate the etiology of a prolonged PT/aPTT. Herein, we present the outcomes of the PROCT in the outpatient setting.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of consecutive outpatients who had prolonged PT and/or aPTT noted in the routine coagulation laboratory and who had PROCT ordered in our institutional Special Coagulation Laboratory between 2010 and 2017.ResultsOne hundred and six patients, median age 55 years (IQR 30‐67), met our study criteria. Twenty‐nine patients had normal PT/aPTT, while 77 had persistent abnormalities and underwent reflexive testing. A prolonged PT, aPTT, or PT and aPTT was noted in 27 (35%), 27 (35%), and 23 (30%) respectively. Forty‐nine (64%) had an acquired condition, 17 (22%) had a congenital condition, 7 (9%) had unclear etiology, and 4 (5%) were the result of laboratory artifact. The most common known cause of an isolated prolonged PT in our study was vitamin K deficiency in 8 (10%), the most common cause of an isolated prolonged aPTT was lupus anticoagulant in 4 (5%), and the most common cause of prolonged PT and aPTT was liver disease in 11 (14%).ConclusionProlonged PT/aPTT have a wide range of causes, including artifactual prolongation or abnormalities in secondary hemostasis due to both inherited and acquired conditions.
Diagnosis and treatment of the invasive extension of bacteria (cellulitis) from chronic wounds utilising point‐of‐care fluorescence imaging
Authors: Andersen Charles A. , McLeod Katherine , Steffan Rowena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly diagnosis of wound‐related cellulitis is challenging as many classical signs and symptoms of infection (erythema, pain, tenderness, or fever) may be absent. In addition, other conditions (ie, chronic stasis dermatitis) may present with similar clinical findings. Point‐of‐care fluorescence imaging detects elevated bacterial burden in and around wounds with high sensitivity. This prospective observational study examined the impact of incorporating fluorescence imaging into standard care for diagnosis and management of wound‐related cellulitis. Two hundred thirty‐six patients visiting an outpatient wound care centre between January 2020 and April 2021 were included in this study. Patients underwent routine fluorescence scans for bacteria (range: 1‐48 scans/patient). Wound‐related cellulitis was diagnosed in 6.4% (15/236) of patients. In these patients, fluorescence scans showed an irregular pattern of red (bacterial) fluorescence extending beyond the wound bed and periwound that could not be removed through cleansing or debridement, indicating the invasive extension of bacteria (wound‐related cellulitis). Point‐of‐care identification facilitated rapid initiation of treatments (source control and antibiotics, when warranted) that resolved the fluorescence. No patients had worsening of cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics and/or hospitalisation. These findings demonstrate the utility of point‐of‐care fluorescence imaging for efficient detection and proactive, targeted management of wound‐related cellulitis.