bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer and with a history of previous cancer
Authors: Pruitt Sandi L. , Gerber David E. , Zhu Hong , Heitjan Daniel F. , Maddineni Bhumika , Xiong Danyi , Singal Amit G. , Tavakkoli Anna , Halm Ethan A. , Murphy Caitlin C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with previous cancer are often excluded from clinical trials despite limited evidence about their prognosis. We examined the effect of previous cancer on overall and colorectal cancer (CRC)‐specific survival of patients newly diagnosed with CRC. This population‐based cohort study from the U.S.A. included patients aged ≥66 years and diagnosed with CRC between 2005 and 2015 in linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data. We estimated the stage‐specific effects of a previous cancer on overall survival using Cox regression and on CRC‐specific survival using competing risk regression. We also examined the effect of previous cancer type, timing, and stage on overall survival. Of 112,769 patients, 14.1% were previously diagnosed with another cancer––commonly prostate (32.9%) or breast (19.4%) cancer, with many (47.1%) diagnosed <5 years of CRC. For all CRC stages except IV, in which there was no difference, patients with previous cancer (vs. without) had worse overall survival. However, patients with previous cancer had improved CRC‐specific survival. Overall survival for those with stage 0–III CRC varied by previous cancer type, timing, and stage; for example, patients with previous melanoma had overall survival equivalent to those with no previous cancer. Our results indicate that, in general, CRC patients with previous cancer have worse overall survival but superior CRC‐specific survival. Given their equivalent survival to those without previous cancer, patients with previous melanoma and those with stage IV CRC with any type of previous cancer should be eligible to participate in clinical trials.
Immunophenotype‐associated gene signature in ductal breast tumors varies by receptor subtype, but the expression of individual signature genes remains consistent
Authors: Behring Michael , Ye Yuanfan , Elkholy Amr , Bajpai Prachi , Agarwal Sumit , Kim Hyung‐Gyoon , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Wiener Howard W , Manne Upender , Shrestha Sadeep , Vazquez Ana I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn silico deconvolution of invasive immune cell infiltration in bulk breast tumors helps characterize immunophenotype, expands treatment options, and influences survival endpoints. In this study, we identify the differential expression (DE) of the LM22 signature to classify immune‐rich and ‐poor breast tumors and evaluate immune infiltration by receptor subtype and lymph node metastasis.MethodsUsing publicly available data, we applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate immune cells infiltrating the tumor into immune‐rich and immune‐poor groups. We then tested the association of receptor subtype and nodal status with immune‐rich/poor phenotype. We used DE to test individual signature genes and over‐representation analysis for related pathways.ResultsCCL19 and CXCL9 expression differed between rich/poor signature groups regardless of subtype. Overexpression of CHI3L2 and FES was observed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) relative to other subtypes in immune‐rich tumors. Non‐signature genes, LYZ, C1QB, CORO1A, EVI2B, GBP1, PSMB9, and CD52 were consistently overexpressed in immune‐rich tumors, and SCUBE2 and GRIA2 were associated with immune‐poor tumors. Immune‐rich tumors had significant upregulation of genes/pathways while none were identified in immune‐poor tumors.ConclusionsOverall, the proportion of immune‐rich/poor tumors differed by subtype; however, a subset of 10 LM22 genes that marked immune‐rich status remained the same across subtype. Non‐LM22 genes differentially expressed between the phenotypes suggest that the biologic processes responsible for immune‐poor phenotype are not yet well characterized.
Stacked Thiazole Orange Dyes in DNA Capable of Switching Emissive Behavior in Response to Structural Transitions
Authors: Takada Tadao , Nishida Koma , Honda Yurika , Nakano Aoi , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Fan Shuya , Kawai Kiyohiko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Yamana Kazushige 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFunctional nucleic acids with the capability of generating fluorescence in response to hybridization events, microenvironment or structural changes are valuable as structural probes and chemical sensors. We now demonstrate the enzyme‐assisted preparation of nucleic acids possessing multiple thiazole orange (TO) dyes and their fluorescent behavior, that show a spectral change from the typical monomer emission to the excimer‐type red‐shifted emission. We found that the fluorescent response and emission wavelength of the TO dyes were dependent on both the state of the DNA structure (single‐ or double‐stranded DNA) and the arrangement of the TO dyes. We showed that the fluorescent behavior of the TO dyes can be applied for the detection of RNA molecules, suggesting that our approach for preparing the fluorescent nucleic acids functionalized with multiple TO dyes could be useful to design a fluorescence bioimaging and detection technique of biomolecules.
An Iron Porphyrin Complex with Pendant Pyridine Substituents Facilitates Electrocatalytic CO2Reduction via Second Coordination Sphere Effects
Authors: Ramuglia Anthony R. , Budhija Vishal , Ly Khoa H. , Marquardt Michael , Schwalbe Matthias , Weidinger Inez M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA bispyridylamine‐based hanging unit within the ligand framework of a newly synthesized iron porphyrin complex (Py2XPFe) can act, on the one hand, as a hydrogen bonding site to facilitate proton transfer in catalysis and, on the other hand, as coordination site for a second Lewis acidic metal center. The bispyridylamine group in close proximity of the iron porphyrin center is able to mediate electrocatalytic CO2reduction in anhydrous MeCN. The hydrogen bonding interactions within the hanging group affect the kinetics of catalysis likely through stabilization of the [FeI(CO2H)]−intermediate, increasing the overall rate of catalysis when compared to the non‐functionalized analog,TMPFe(TMP=tetramesitylporphyrin). The rate constants (kapp) of the reduction reaction were calculated using the FOWA method which resulted in a higher TOFmaxfor the complexPy2XPFecompared withTMPFein neat MeCN (1.7×102vs. 1.1×101 s−1). The addition of weak Brønsted acids to the reaction mixture (TFE or PhOH) shows an increase in the rate of catalysis for both complexes, yet thePy2XPFeanalog displays higher TOFmaxat each relative acid concentration, suggesting the hanging group beneficially impacts the rate of catalysis in the presence of these proton sources. The addition of Lewis acidic Sc3+toPy2XPFealso results in an increase in current density of the CO2reduction reaction. Resonance Raman as well as1H‐NMR spectroscopy indicates coordination to the pyridine substituents.
Busulfan‐containing conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Taiwan observational study
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hung , Tien Feng‐Ming , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Huang Huai‐Hsuan , Liu Jia‐Hau , Liao Xiu‐Wen , Tang Jih‐Luh , Yao Ming , Ko Bor‐Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is the ultimate cure for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).AimThis study was performed to compare the outcomes of ALL patients receiving busulfan (Bu) with cyclophosphamide (Cy)‐based or total body irradiation (TBI)‐based regimen in a Chinese population.MethodsWe enrolled 224 adult patients with ALL who received allo‐HSCT at National Taiwan University Hospital between 1997 and 2016.ResultsThe median age at transplantation was 33 years. Before allo‐HSCT, 75.9% of patients attained first or late complete remission. A total of 141 patients (62.9%) received Bu/Cy‐based conditioning, either myeloablative (MA) or reduced‐intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST), and 83 patients received a TBI‐based regimen (MA‐TBI). Patients receiving the MA‐Bu regimen had longer relapse‐free survival (RFS) than those receiving the MA‐TBI regimen (median, 24.1 vs. 6.7 months, p = .044). There was no difference in overall survival (OS, MA‐Bu vs. MA‐TBI vs. RIST‐Bu: 39.4 vs. 28.2 vs. 13.1 months, p = .276), treatment‐related mortality (TRM), or incidences of grade 3–4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). Among patients receiving identical GvHD prophylactic regimens, there was no difference between MA‐Bu and MA‐TBI groups regarding the incidence of grade 3–4 acute GvHD, grade 2–4, and all‐grade chronic GvHD. In subgroup analysis, patients receiving oral busulfan had comparable RFS and OS to the intravenous busulfan group (p = .436 and p = .236, respectively), but a higher TRM (25% vs. 9.8%, p = .016). In the multivariable analysis, disease status before allo‐HSCT was the only risk factor impacting RFS and OS.ConclusionIn summary, patients receiving Bu/Cy‐based or TBI‐based regimens as conditioning had similar results in terms of OS, TRM, and acute GvHD, whereas the use of myeloablative Bu/Cy resulted in a better RFS. A Bu‐based regimen could be an alternative conditioning choice for patients who are ineligible to receive TBI. Prospective and randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate the long‐term outcomes.
The influence of social media on stakeholder engagement and the corporate social responsibility of small businesses
Authors: Khanal Ananda , Akhtaruzzaman Muhammad , Kularatne Indrapriya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social media have gained immense importance among businesses and their stakeholders. These concepts have gained popularity and acceptance among both large and small businesses of most industries. However, the existing CSR literature showed that most studies concentrated on large businesses, leaving the domain of small businesses under‐explored. The literature review revealed that only a few researchers had investigated the influence of social media on stakeholder engagement and the CSR of small businesses. This research aimed to explore the impacts of social media on the CSR of small businesses and used a concurrent mixed‐method research design, employing survey questionnaires from 82 participants and semi‐structured interviews with eight participants. The study conducted among the owners and managers of small businesses in a local government district in New Zealand discovered that many of them considered social media beneficial to engage with stakeholders and understand CSR trends. It also found that social media encouraged businesses to understand their vision, values and implement policies that are environmentally friendly and beneficial to the employees.
Asexual reproduction and vegetative growth of Bionectria ochroleuca in response to temperature and photoperiod
Authors: Zheng Yi , Xie Yichun , Xie Yan , Yu Shixiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowth and reproduction are two essential life‐history traits for fungi. Understanding life‐history strategies provides insight into the environmental adaption of species. Here, we investigated the colonial morphology, vegetative growth, and asexual reproduction of the ascomycete fungus Bionectria ochroleuca in response to a variety of environmental conditions. We demonstrated that the increased temperature from 15 to 25°C induced mycelial growth and conidiation in B. ochroleuca. We also found that the optimal temperatures for mycelial growth and conidial formation in this fungus species were 25 and 30°C, respectively. However, as the temperature increased from 25 to 30°C, mycelial growth was suppressed, but the total number of conidia was significantly increased. The shift in light–dark cycles dramatically changed the morphological features of the colonies and affected both vegetative growth and asexual reproduction. Under incubation environments of alternating light and dark (16:8 and 8:16 light:dark cycles), conidiophores and conidia in the colonies formed dense‐sparse rings and displayed synchronous wave structures. When the light duration was prolonged in the sequence of 0, 8, 16, and 24 hr per day, mycelial growth was suppressed, but conidiation was promoted. Together, our results indicate that temperature and light period may trigger a trade‐off between vegetative growth and asexual reproduction in B. ochroleuca.
Vericiguat in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the VICTORIA trial
Authors: Ponikowski Piotr , Alemayehu Wendimagegn , Oto Ali , Bahit M. Cecilia , Noori Ebrahim , Patel Mahesh J. , Butler Javed , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Pieske Burkert , Roessig Lothar , Voors Adriaan A. , Westerhout Cynthia , Armstrong Paul W. ,   for the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: July 2021

AimsWe evaluated the relation between baseline and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and outcomes, and assessed whether vericiguat modified the likelihood of new‐onset AF in patients with worsening heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction in VICTORIA.Methods and resultsOf 5050 patients randomized, 5010 with recorded AF status at baseline were analysed. Patients were classified into three groups: no known AF (n = 2661, 53%), history of AF alone (n = 992, 20%), and AF on randomization electrocardiogram (n = 1357, 27%). Compared with those with no AF, those with history of AF alone had a higher risk of cardiovascular death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.47] without excess myocardial infarction or stroke; neither type of AF was associated with a higher risk of the primary composite outcome (time to cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization), HF hospitalizations, or all cause‐death. The beneficial effect of vericiguat on the primary composite outcome and its components was evident irrespective of AF status at baseline. Over a median follow‐up of 10.8 months, new‐onset AF occurred in 6.1% of those with no AF and 18.3% with history of AF alone (P < 0.0001). These events were not influenced by vericiguat treatment (adjusted HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.16; P = 0.51), but were associated with an increase in the hazard of both primary and secondary outcomes.ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation was present in nearly half of this high‐risk population with worsening HF. A history of AF alone at baseline portends an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Neither type of AF affected the beneficial effect of vericiguat. Development of AF post‐randomization was associated with an increase in both cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization which was not influenced by vericiguat.
Optimal operation of a smart railway station based on a multi‐energy hub structure considering environmental perspective and regenerative braking utilization
Authors: Akbari Saeed , Fazel Seyed Saeed , Jadid Shahram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a stochastic bi‐objective model to reduce the operation cost and the carbon emission of a smart railway station along with dependent commercial buildings, according to a multi‐energy hub system's structure. The proposed energy hub system (EHS) includes a power, heating, and cooling subenergy hub. The recovered energy obtained from the regenerative braking (RB) during train deceleration is utilized to supply the load of EHS. To calculate the recovered energy, the motion of trains is simulated in MATLAB software. Furthermore, a demand response program (DRP) is integrated into the model to improve the flexibility of the EHS. Also, the uncertainty related to the photovoltaic generation and the power obtained from RB is considered. GAMS software is used to solve the bi‐objective model with the ɛ‐constraint approach. Then, to select the best possible solution, a fuzzy technique is engaged. Seven case studies are considered investigating the effect of exerting the DRP, utilizing the recovered energy, and employing the energy storage on operation cost and carbon emission. The simulation results demonstrate a significant improvement in operating cost and the carbon emission for the proposed EHS.
Rain on snow induced urban floods in cold maritime climate: Risk, indicators and trends
Authors: Andradóttir Hrund Ólöf , Arnardóttir Anna Rut , Zaqout Tarek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban floods pose a societal and economical risk. This study evaluated the risk and hydro‐meteorological conditions that cause pluvial flooding in coastal cities in a cold climate. Twenty years of insurance claims data and up to 97 years of meteorological data were analysed for Reykjavík, Iceland (64.15°N; <100 m above sea level). One third of the city's wastewater collection system is combined, and pipe grades vary from 0.5% to 10%. Results highlight semi‐intensive rain (<7 mm/h; ≤3 year return period) in conjunction with snow and frozen ground as the main cause for urban flood risk in a climate which undergoes frequent snow and frost cycles (avg. 13 and 19 per season, respectively). Floods in winter were more common, more severe and affected a greater number of neighbourhoods than during summer. High runoff volumes together with debris remobilized with high winds challenged the capacity of wastewater systems regardless of their age or type (combined vs. separate). The two key determinants for the number of insurance claims were antecedent frost depth and total precipitation volume per event. Two pluvial regimes were particularly problematic: long duration (13–25 h), late peaking rain on snow (RoS), where snowmelt enhanced the runoff intensity, elongated and connected independent rainfall into a singular, more voluminous (20–76 mm) event; shorter duration (7–9 h), more intensive precipitation that evolved from snow to rain. Closely timed RoS and cooling were believed to trigger frost formation. A positive trend was detected in the average seasonal snow depth and volume of rain and snowmelt during RoS events. More emphasis, therefore, needs to be placed on designing and operating urban drainage infrastructure with regard to RoS co‐acting with frozen ground. Furthermore, more detailed, routine monitoring of snow and soil conditions is important to predict RoS flood events.
Ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land‐applied manure
Authors: van der Weerden Tony J. , Noble Alasdair , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Hutchings Nicholas , Thorman Rachel E. , Alfaro Marta A. , Amon Barbara , Beltran Ignacio , Grace Peter , Hassouna Mélynda , Krol Dominika J. , Leytem April B. , Salazar Francisco , Velthof Gerard L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManure application to land and deposition of urine and dung by grazing animals are major sources of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Using data on NH3 and N2O emissions following land‐applied manures and excreta deposited during grazing, emission factors (EFs) disaggregated by climate zone were developed, and the effects of mitigation strategies were evaluated. The NH3 data represent emissions from cattle and swine manures in temperate wet climates, and the N2O data include cattle, sheep, and swine manure emissions in temperate wet/dry and tropical wet/dry climates. The NH3 EFs for broadcast cattle solid manure and slurry were 0.03 and 0.24 kg NH3–N kg–1 total N (TN), respectively, whereas the NH3 EF of broadcast swine slurry was 0.29. Emissions from both cattle and swine slurry were reduced between 46 and 62% with low‐emissions application methods. Land application of cattle and swine manure in wet climates had EFs of 0.005 and 0.011 kg N2O–N kg–1 TN, respectively, whereas in dry climates the EF for cattle manure was 0.0031. The N2O EFs for cattle urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0095 and 0.002 kg N2O–N kg–1 TN, respectively, which were three times greater than for dry climates. The N2O EFs for sheep urine and dung in wet climates were 0.0043 and 0.0005, respectively. The use of nitrification inhibitors reduced emissions in swine manure, cattle urine/dung, and sheep urine by 45–63%. These enhanced EFs can improve national inventories; however, more data from poorly represented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) are needed.
Clinical characteristics of older Japanese patients with acute appendicitis: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Komatsu Fumiya , Kashima Naoyasu , Maeda Tadashi , Honda Yoshiko , Shimada Nagato , Funahashi Kimihiko , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis (AA) in older patients can look different from AA in younger patients. Although it is crucial that primary care physicians can recognize AA in patients of any age, few Japanese studies have examined the characteristics of older AA patients. To address this, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of older Japanese patients with AA.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the data from a previous Japanese single‐center study. We analyzed the clinical information of both younger (age: 16–64 years) and older patients (age: ≥65 years).ResultsA cohort of 236 patients consisting of 219 (92.8%) younger patients and 17 (7.2%) older patients was evaluated. The median ages of the younger and older patients were 34 (interquartile range [IR], 24–45) and 78 years (IR, 74–81), respectively. The prevalence of complicated appendicitis (CA) (older: 41.2% vs. younger: 14.2%), comorbidities (70.6% vs. 13.2%), and thrombocytopenia (17.7% vs. 4.1%), along with serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (6.7 mg/dl vs. 1.0 mg/dl), was significantly higher in older patients. Significantly fewer older patients had epigastric pain (17.7% vs. 53.0%). Logistic regression evaluating the characteristics of older AA patients showed that CRP >5 mg/dl had a high odds ratio (OR) (5.01; 95% CI, 1.73–14.54), while epigastric pain had a low OR (0.24; 95% CI, 0.06–0.90).ConclusionOur study reveals a higher prevalence of CA and comorbidities in older patients, and suggests that a lack of epigastric pain, thrombocytopenia, and higher serum CRP level are characteristics of older AA patients.
Characterization of AlGaN/GaN based HEMT for low noise and high frequency application
Authors: Dubey Shashank Kumar , Mishra Meena , Islam Aminul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents a detailed study on AlGaN/GaN based HEMT for DC (such as ID − VDS, ID − VGS and gm), RF (such as cut off frequency, fT and maximum oscillation frequency, fMAX) and noise parameters (such as minimum noise figure (NFmin), noise resistance (Rn) and optimum reflection coefficient (Гopt)). AlGaN/GaN based HEMT having gate length 250 nm and 500 nm have been simulated and verified on the Silvaco TCAD tool.