bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DPYSL2 is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker Linked to Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Yangjie , Nai Aitao , He Guicheng , Xiao Fei , Li Zhimin , Tang Sanyuan , Liu Yanping , Ai Xiaohong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Dihydropyrimidinase Like 2 (DPYSL2) has been linked to tumor metastasis. However, the function of DPSY2L in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is yet to be explored.Methods: Herein, we assessed DPYSL2 expression in various tumor types via online databases such as Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Further, we verified the low protein and mRNA expressions of DPYSL2 in LUAD via the ULCAN, The TCGA and GEPIA databases. We applied the ROC curve to examine the role of DPYSL2 in diagnosis. The prognostic significance of DPYSL2 was established through the Kaplan-Meier plotter and the Cox analyses (univariate and multivariate). TIMER was used to explore DPYSL2 expression and its connection to immune infiltrated cells. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, the possible mechanism of DPYSL2 in LUAD was investigated. Results: In this study, database analysis revealed lower DPYSL2 expression in LUAD than in normal tissues. The ROC curve suggested that expression of DPYSL2 had high diagnostic efficiency in LUAD. The DPYSL2 expression had an association with the survival time of LUAD patients in the Kaplan-Meier plotter and the Cox analyses. The results from TIMER depicted a markedly positive correlation of DPYSL2 expression with immune cells infiltrated in LUAD, such as macrophages, dendritic cell, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, many gene markers for the immune system had similar positive correlations in the TIMER analysis. In Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, six immune-related signaling pathways were associated with DPYSL2.Conclusions: In summary, DPYSL2 is a novel biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic potential for LUAD as well as an immunotherapy target.
Understanding Pathogen-host Interplay by Expression Profiles of LncRNA and mRNA in the Liver of Echinococcus Multilocularis-infected Mice
Authors: Nian Xiaofeng , Li Li , Ma Xusheng , Li Xiurong , Li Wenhui , Zhang Nianzhang , Ohiolei John Asekhaen , Li Le , Dai Guodong , Yan Hongbin , Fu Baoquan , Xiao Sa , Jia Wanzhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) infection and the growth and proliferation of its metacestode within the internal organs of hosts are related to complex host–parasite interactions at the molecular level. Previous studies reported the profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in Echinococcus granulosus-infected mice or cells, suggesting the potential role of lncRNAs in regulating host-parasite interplay. However, the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs of mice in response to Em are poorly understood. Methods: Numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs (DEMs) in the mouse liver at eight time points after Em infection were identified by microarray. Functional Annotation of dysregulated DEMs was conducted by gene ontology (GO) classification and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The potential function of DELs was predicted by constructing lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and Transcription factor (TF)-lncRNA-mRNA Ternary Network. Additionally, qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to validate the upregulated DEMs at 30 days post-infection (dpi), which were enriched in Toll-like and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Cytokines and chemokines involved in these two pathways were determined by ELISA.Results: Thirty-one DEMs and 68 DELs were found continuously dysregulated. These DEMs were notably enriched in the “antigen processing and presentation,” “Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation” and “Th17 cell differentiation” pathways. The potential function prediction of DELs revealed that most DELs might influence the differentiation of Th17 cell and TGF-β/Smad pathway through trans regulating the SMAD3, STAT1, and early growth response (EGR) genes. Additionally, the validated results by qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that the mRNA expression levels of these genes increased while the corresponding protein expression levels were unaltered except c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Regardless, phospho-nuclear factor Kappa B (p-NF-κB) downstream of these two pathways was induced at 15 and 30 dpi, which led to the elevated levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 in the serum. Conclusion: Our data provide novel clues in understanding the roles of lncRNAs in the host–Em interplay and the influence of Em infection on host innate immunity.
Development and Evaluation of a Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 RT-ddPCR, Applicable to Respiratory and Wastewater Samples
Authors: Poelvoorde Laura A. E. Van , Gand Mathieu , Fraiture Marie-Alice , De Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. , Verhaegen Bavo , Hoorde Koenraad Van , Cay Ann Brigitte , Balmelle Nadège , Herman Philippe , Roosens Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The worldwide emergence and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2019 has highlighted the importance of rapid and reliable diagnostic testing to prevent and control the viral transmission. The monitoring of the viral spread can be performed using individual diagnostics in clinical samples and global detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples. Reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) offers an attractive platform for absolute RNA quantification in comparison to the gold standard reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) that only yields relative quantification results. To avoid inaccurate results due to false negatives caused by polymorphisms or point mutations that can possibly compromise the accuracy of the diagnostic tests, a multiplex RT-ddPCR method was developed by combining previously published SARS-CoV-2 detection RT-qPCR assays targeting well-conserved ORF1a and RdRp genes. These assays were successfully evaluated in silico for their inclusivity using GISAID sequences from the beginning of November 2020 to the end of February 2021. The sensitivity and specificity of the new RT-ddPCR method was evaluated and its applicability on both clinical and wastewater samples was illustrated. In conclusion, a reliable and sensitive multiplex one-step RT-ddPCR assay for reliable quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical and wastewater samples was developed and assessed, providing a key tool for the current health crisis.
Cell Surface and Functional Features of Cortical Bone Stem Cells
Authors: Sasaki Norihiko , Itakura Yoko , Mohsin Sadia , Ishigami Tomoaki , Kubo Hajime , Chiba Yumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background: The newly established mouse cortical bone–derived stem cells (mCBSCs) are unique stem cells compared with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs), and can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, the mCBSCs’ characterizations including their stem cell features, non-cardiac therapeutic potential, and cell surface features have not been fully understood. In this study, we examined stem cell features, cell surface glycan profiles, and cell functional features in mCBSCs compared to the bone marrow-derived mMSCs. Methods: The stem cell features were compared between mCBSCs and mMSCs by immunoblotting of stem cell markers, self-renewal assay, and multilineage differentiation. The cell surface glycan profiles were examined by lectin array analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis using lectins. The production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from mCBSCs were examined by ELISA. The effects of TGF-β1 released from mCBSCs on self-migration and on activation of fibroblast were examined by migration assay and immunocytostaining, respectively. Results: The stem cell feature, including the self-renewing ability in mCBSCs was higher than that in mMSCs. In contrast, the differentiation ability of mCBSCs was limited to the chondrogenic lineage among three types of cells (adipocyte, osteoblast, chondrocyte). The cell surface glycan profiles revealed that α2-6sialic acid is expressed at very low levels on the cell surface of mCBSCs compared with that on mMSCs. Additionally, the lactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc)-structure, poly lactosamine- or poly N-acetylglucosamine-structure, and α2-3sialic acid on both N- and O-glycans are more highly expressed in mCBSCs compared with mMSCs. Furthermore, these highly expressed glycans were increased with cellular aging of mCBSCs. We found that TGF-β1 was released from mCBSCs and the released TGF-β1 contributed to the self-migration of mCBSCs and activation of fibroblasts. Conclusions: These results reveal the differences between mCBSCs and mMSCs, and it is proposed that there is the potential use of mCBSCs for infarct healing and wound healing.
Triptolide Inhibits the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway and Improves Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Shen Jianyao , Ma Hailiang , Wang Chaoquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTriptolide (TPL) is identified to be involved in the treatment for myocardial fibrosis (MF). This study investigated the mechanism of TPL in MF in rats and observed its effect on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.Materials and MethodsThe MF rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO), and treated by subcutaneous injection of TPL. After modeling for 1 week, the cardiac function of rats was evaluated, including LVEF, LVFS, LVES, LVED LVIDs and LVPWs. The HMI and LVMI were measured. The expressions of ANP, BNP, inflammatory related factors (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM-1), and NLRP3 inflammasome factors (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1) in rats were detected. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial cell inflammation and fibrosis of rats.ResultsLVED, LVES, LVIDs and LVPWs of MF group were significantly upregulated, LVEF and LVFS were significantly downregulated, HMI and LVMI were upregulated, while TPL treatment reversed these trends; TPL treatment downregulated the tissue injury and improved the pathological damage of MF rats. TPL treatment downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrosis factors, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway reversed the effect of TPL on MF.ConclusionsTPL inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, and improved the degree of MF in MF rats.
Zinc Systematics Quantify Crustal Thickness Control on Fractionating Assemblages of Arc Magmas
Authors: Chiaradia M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding the processes leading to the broad chemical variability of arc magmas is an essential, yet not fully elucidated, issue in Earth Sciences. Here, I show that Zn-MgO-SiO2 systematics of magmatic arc rocks correlate significantly with arc thickness. Because Zn-MgO-SiO2 systematics are mostly controlled by fractionation of different mineral phases this suggests a systematic change in the proportions of fractionating mineral assemblages depending on arc thickness. Using a mass balance model with a Monte Carlo approach, I show that Zn-MgO-SiO2 systematics can be quantitatively explained by a continuous transition from plagioclase-dominated fractionating assemblages in thin arcs to amphibole-garnet-magnetite-dominated assemblages in increasingly thicker arcs. Such a systematic change results from the increase of average depth of magma differentiation that is ultimately controlled by arc thickness. Results presented have implications on the causes of different geochemical trends in arcs, the role of arcs as H2O filters, and their association with major porphyry deposits.
Dexmedetomidine reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis through regulating BDNF and proBDNF
Authors: Ding Xudong , Zhang Hui , Sun Shiwei , Ma Chenguang , ZHENG NINGNING , Liu Hongtao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: It is well-acknowledged that Isoflurane induces neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine, as an α2-adrenergic agonist, was previously demonstrated to provide neuroprotection when administered during isoflurane anesthesia. Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms concerning the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine from the alterations of BDNF,ERK, and JNK signals in the hippocampal region. Methods: Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 7 were assigned into Control group, Isoflurane group, Dexmedetomidine group and Inhibitor group. After exposed to 2% isoflurane in 40% of oxygen mixed with nitrogen for 4h, the hippocampus tissues were separated and critical signal pathway proteins of BDNF, proBDNF, JNK, ERK, and caspase 3 were detected. Results: Neuroapoptosis was triggered by Isoflurane with the increased expression of caspase 3 and TUNEL-positive cells. This effect was reversed by dexmedetomidine accompanying with up-regulation of BDNF and phospho-ERK and down-regulation of proBDNF and phospho-JNK. Conclusions: This study revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment can attenuate neurotoxicity caused by isoflurane in neonatal rats by regulating BDNF, proBDcNF, ERK, and JNK, which would provide a new target for neuroprotection.
The relationship between dietary inflammatory index, physical performance and anthropometric indices in marines
Authors: Ramezani Amirhossein , Parastouei Karim , Delkhosh Marjan , Rostami Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Military forces can be considered in the group of active people or athletes due to their high activity and exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with physical function and anthropometric indices in the marine.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 male aged 18 to 45 years in the Navy. Individual data were collected using a general questionnaire, exercise tests and anthropometric assessments. Food intake over the past year was assessed using a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and then the DII score was calculated for each subject. Aerobic performance was assessed using the 12 minutes cooper test. Also, the repetitions of sit up, pull up and push up in 1 minute were recorded to assess physical strength. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between DII with anthropometric indices and athletic performance.Results:The present study showed that the increase in DII is directly related to body mass index (P = 0.04) and body fat percentage (P = 0.03), and inversely related to VO2max (P = 0.001). However, after adjusting for the effect of energy intake in regression model, only the association between DII and VO2max was statistically significant (β= -1.69, SE=0.67, P=0.01). Conclusion:In general, with the increase of dietary potential in causing inflammation, it may lead to an increase in BMI and body fat percentage and a decrease in aerobic capacity in military personnel. However, the observed relationship between DII and anthropometric indices seems to be influenced by the energy intake. Further well-designed studies with a prospective method are warranted to find a definitive result.
Probabilistic demand assessment of bridges considering the effect of corrosion and seismic loading over time
Authors: Tolentino Dante , Herrera Daniel , Flores Ricardo B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an approach to calculate demand hazard curves considering the effect of both corrosion and seismic loadings over time. The corrosion is defined as the reduction of the cross-sectional area in the reinforced bars of concrete, induced by chloride ions. Three corrosion phases are considered: starting time of corrosion, cracking, and evolution time. Seismic loads are characterized as a stochastic Poisson process. Uncertainties related to the randomness of geometric properties, mechanical properties, and seismic loadings are considered. The approach is illustrated in a continuous bridge designed to comply with a drift of 0.002. The structure is located in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. Fragility curves and demand hazard curves are obtained at 0, 45, 57, 75, 100, and 125 years, based on the global drift. The effect of both corrosion and seismic loadings over time increase the annual rate of demand up to 308% between 0 years (without damage) and 125 years after the bridge construction.
Are New Zealand podiatrists satisfied with mandatory continuing professional development?
Authors: Carroll Matthew , Brenton-Rule Angela , Jepson Hannah , Molyneux Prue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

New Zealand (NZ) registered podiatrists are required to participate in continuing professional development (CPD). This study investigated podiatrist’s perceptions and satisfaction surrounding mandatory CPD requirements following the implementation of a new CPD programme.
Methods

A cross-sectional study of NZ registered podiatrists was conducted between October 9th and December 9th, 2020. Data was collected using a web-based survey. The 39-item survey included questions to elicit participant characteristics, perceptions of CPD, difficulties undertaking CPD, and satisfaction with the new CPD programme. A mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to report the survey findings.
Results

One hundred and thirty-four podiatrists completed the survey. Most respondents worked in private practice (n = 107, 80%), and were in full-time employment (n = 83, 62%), and had greater than 16 years of work experience (n = 73, 54%). Respondents agreed it was important to engage in CPD (n = 126, 94%) and reported that knowledge gained from CPD contributed to their daily work (n = 78, 58%). Forty-four percent (n = 58) reported difficulties keeping up to date with CPD. The main barriers to CPD participation reported were workload (n = 90, 67%) and lack of time (n = 84, 63%). Three categories (understanding the CPD programme; access to CPD; and time to complete CPD) were identified from the qualitative analysis to describe why it was difficult to meet CPD requirements.
Conclusion

Overall, NZ podiatrists value CPD and are satisfied with most aspects of the mandatory CPD programme. Facilitation of CPD activities that are flexible, relevant to practitioner’s scope of practice and conducted in the workplace environment may address barriers to CPD access.
Experimental Estimation of the Longitudinal Component of a Highly Focused Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Maluenda David , Aviñoá Marcos , Ahmadi Kavan , Martínez-Herrero Rosario , Carnicer Artur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The detection of the longitudinal component of a highly focused electromagnetic beam is not a simple task. Although in recent years several methods have been reported in the literature, this measure is still not routinely performed. This paper describes a method that allows us to estimate and visualize the longitudinal component of the field in a relatively simple way. First, we measure the transverse components of the focused field in several planes normal to the optical axis. Then, we determine the complex amplitude of the two transverse field components: the phase is obtained using a phase recovery algorithm, while the phase difference between the two components is determined from the Stokes parameters. Finally, the longitudinal component is estimated using the Gauss’s theorem. Experimental results show an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
RadImageNet: A Large-scale Radiologic Dataset for Enhancing Deep Learning Transfer Learning Research
Authors: Yang Yang , Mei Xueyan , Robson Philip , Marinelli Brett , Huang Mingqian , Doshi Amish , Jacobi Adam , Link Katherine , Yang Thomas , Cao Chendi , Wang Ying , Greenspan Hayit , Deyer Timothy , Fayad Zahi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most current medical imaging Artificial Intelligence (AI) relies upon transfer learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) created using ImageNet, a large database of natural world images, including cats, dogs, and vehicles. Size, diversity, and similarity of the source data determine the success of the transfer learning on the target data. ImageNet is large and diverse, but there is a significant dissimilarity between its natural world images and medical images, leading Cheplygina to pose the question, “Why do we still use images of cats to help Artificial Intelligence interpret CAT scans?”. We present an equally large and diversified database, RadImageNet, consisting of 5 million annotated medical images consisting of CT, MRI, and ultrasound of musculoskeletal, neurologic, oncologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and pulmonary pathologies over 450,000 patients. The database is unprecedented in scale and breadth in the medical imaging field, constituting a more appropriate basis for medical imaging transfer learning applications. We found that RadImageNet transfer learning outperformed ImageNet in multiple independent applications, including improvements for bone age prediction from hand and wrist x-rays by 1.75 months (p<0.0001), pneumonia detection in ICU chest x-rays by 0.85% (p<0.0001), ACL tear detection on MRI by 10.72% (p<0.0001), SARS-CoV-2 detection on chest CT by 0.25% (p<0.0001) and hemorrhage detection on head CT by 0.13% (p<0.0001). The results indicate that our pre-trained models that are open-sourced on public domains will be a better starting point for transfer learning in radiologic imaging AI applications, including applications involving medical imaging modalities or anatomies not included in the RadImageNet database.
Impact of COVID-19 on brain and psychological health, its possible mechanisms, and coping strategies
Authors: Simnani Faizan Zarreen , Singh Dibyangshee , Choudhury Anmol , Akhtar Ansab 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has been depicted to possess a robust association with psychological disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent virus of the coronavirus family and has the potential to bind angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptor. The receptor is majorly present peripherally, and up to some extent in the brain. Different psychological and neurodegenerative disorders can arise due to peripheral origin of destruction. These triggers could be inflammatory pathways releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines reaching the brain and causing neuroinflammation. In continuation with traditional viruses, SARS-CoV-2 too might lead to brain diseases like meningitis, encephalitis, etc. Besides, several peripheral hormonal changes like cortisol can influence the neurochemical alterations, thereby inflicting mood-related activities and psychological phenomenon. In this regard, health care workers, frontline line worriers, family and relatives of COVID-19 patients can be the secondary victims; however, patients with COVID-19 themselves remain the primary ones prone to neurological health problems. Several strategies like socialization, engagement, physical activity, etc. are well-opted measures to get relief from and check the psychiatric disturbances.