bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and age differences in the diet of the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) using web‐sourced photographs: exploring the feasibility of a new citizen science approach
Authors: Panter Connor T. , Amar Arjun 
Published: January 2021

Diet differences between the sexes and ages have often been recorded for bird species. Many raptor species show extreme sexual size dimorphism, with females often considerably larger than the males and these differences may be reflected in their diets. Diet studies in raptors most frequently focus on analysing prey remains or pellets collected at nest‐sites. These methods are subsequently limited to breeding birds in the breeding season and are also restricted by their inability to distinguish prey items between the sexes. The use of web‐sourced photographs to examine raptor diet has the potential to overcome some limitations of more traditional methods used to assess diet. We used this approach for the Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus in the United Kingdom, exploring diet between the sexes and ages throughout the entire year. In total, we obtained 843 web‐sourced photographs of Sparrowhawks with their prey items. There were 12 key prey items that had a frequency ≥ 10 in the Sparrowhawk diet: Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus, Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris, Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto, Rock Dove Columba livia, Common Blackbird Turdus merula, House Sparrow Passer domesticus, unidentified ‘small’ and ‘medium’ birds, European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis, European Greenfinch Chloris chloris, Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and Stock Dove Columba oenas. Several prey species were more often seen in the diet of one sex or age group. Overall, average prey weights of adult females were two and a half times heavier than for adult males and one and a half times heavier for juvenile females. However, this method may be slightly biased towards larger prey items, which should be considered in future studies. Despite this limitation, our method enabled dietary differences between the sexes and ages of this highly sexual size dimorphic raptor species to be explored throughout the year.
Associations of caesarean section with body mass and waist circumference trajectories from age 2 to 13 years: A nationally representative birth cohort study in Australia
Authors: Begum Tahmina , Fatima Yaqoot , Perales Francisco , Anuradha Satyamurthy , Mamun Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundMeasuring obesity at a single time point does not explain the independent association between C‐section birth and obesity in a child's life course.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the longitudinal link between C‐section with obesity trajectories during childhood.MethodsWe analysed data from a nationally representative birth cohort study named “Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)”, commenced in 2004. General obesity was measured through the Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal obesity by the Waist Circumference (WC) using the biennially collected data from age 2 to 13 years (2006‐2016). Group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to identify the distinct pattern of BMI & WC trajectories. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between C‐section and obesity trajectories after adjusting for perinatal factors.ResultsOf the 3524 study children, 30% were born by C‐section. Three distinct BMI trajectory groups emerged: stable normal (60%), moderately rising (33%) and accelerated (7%). The WC trajectories were, stable normal (58%), moderate (34%) and accelerated (8%). Compared with the stable normal group, children born through C‐section had a higher risk to follow accelerated trajectories for both BMI (OR:1.72; 95% CI: 1.28‐2.32) and WC (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.15‐1.98) with P‐value <0.01. Adjustment of potential confounders did not alter these associations substantially.ConclusionsC‐section birth significantly increases the risk of having an accelerated obesity trajectory in children. Limiting the C‐section for absolute clinical causes and early institution of preventive approach can reduce the obesity burden among children delivered through C‐section.
Parenting practices of Somali immigrant mothers in Alberta
Authors: Tetreault Brittany , Salami Bukola O. , Mohamud Habiba , Fernández‐Sánchez Higinio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper provides insights into the little‐explored gendered perspective of the parenting practices of Somali immigrant mothers in a Canadian province (Alberta). We use a critical ethnographic methodology and a transnational feminist framework. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ten Somali mothers aged 18 to 50. Mothers were interviewed about their parenting practices in a post‐migration context, including challenges. Our results show immigrant mothers combine their cultural values with new values from Canada that they find effective. We find gendered differences in how parenting experiences are perceived. Our results suggest the need for anti‐racist and culturally safe health, education, and child policies and practices.
Helicobacter pylori eradication prevents secondary gastric cancer in patients with mild‐to‐moderate atrophic gastritis
Authors: Kato Minoru , Hayashi Yoshito , Nishida Tsutomu , Oshita Masahide , Nakanishi Fumihiko , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Kitamura Shinji , Nishihara Akihiro , Akasaka Tomofumi , Ogiyama Hideharu , Nakahara Masanori , Yamada Takuya , Kishida Osamu , Yamamoto Masashi , Shimayoshi Akinori , Tsujii Yoshiki , Kato Motohiko , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Iijima Hideki , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWhether Helicobacter pylori eradication prevents metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer remains controversial. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long‐term (> 5 years) effects of H. pylori eradication by stratifying patients' baseline degrees of atrophic gastritis.MethodsA total of 483 H. pylori‐positive patients who had undergone ER for early gastric cancer were divided into two groups—(i) those having undergone successful H. pylori eradication within 1 year after ER (eradicated group, n = 294) and (ii) those with failed or not attempted H. pylori eradication (non‐eradicated group, n = 189). The cumulative incidences of metachronous gastric cancer between the two groups were compared for all patients, for patients with mild‐to‐moderate atrophic gastritis (n = 182), and for patients with severe atrophic gastritis (n = 301).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 5.2 years (range 1.1–14.8), metachronous cancer developed in 52 (17.7%) patients in the eradicated group and in 35 (18.5%) patients in the non‐eradicated group (P = 0.11, log–rank test). In patients with mild‐to‐moderate atrophic gastritis (111 and 71 in the eradicated and non‐eradicated groups, respectively), the cumulative incidence of metachronous cancer was significantly lower in the eradicated group than that in the non‐eradicated group (P = 0.03, log–rank test). However, no significant intergroup difference was observed in patients with severe atrophic gastritis (P = 0.69, log–rank test).ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori eradication had a preventive effect on the development of metachronous gastric cancer in patients with mild‐to‐moderate atrophic gastritis.
Getting from here to there: future planning as reported by adult siblings of individuals with disabilities
Authors: Casale E. G. , Burke M. M. , Urbano R. C. , Arnold C. K. , Hodapp R. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough they will often serve as caregivers for their brothers–sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), adult siblings are rarely included in future planning.MethodThis study examined 495 American siblings who completed a web‐based questionnaire about themselves, their brother–sister with IDD, parents and whether their families completed 11 future planning activities.ResultsAlthough virtually all families completed some future planning, on average, families completed slightly over half of the 11 activities (75% completed eight or fewer). Families more frequently identified a successor to current caregivers and engaged in planning discussions with one another and with the brother–sister; least often, families completed a letter of intent or began securing residential placements. Future planning activities comprised three domains: (1) legal activities, (2) residential activities and (3) family discussions about the future. Variables relating to one or more domains included whether the brother–sister lived in or outside of family home; brother–sister independent living abilities; presence of an intellectual disability; parent caregiving ability; and current sibling caregiving and involvement with the brother–sister with IDD.ConclusionsAlthough most families engage in some future planning, performance varies widely within and across future planning domains. Future planning involves different considerations and interventions depending on whether one is considering legal, residential or family discussions.
Distilling agro‐extractivism: Agave and tequila production in Mexico
Authors: Tetreault Darcy , McCulligh Cindy , Lucio Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to challenge the notion that the concept of agro‐extractivism be restricted to crops destined for export with little or no processing. Based on a study of agave and tequila production in Mexico, it argues that the domestic processing of biomass does not change nor necessarily compensate for the negative social and environmental impacts of upstream agricultural activities; it can in fact add to them. We seek to demonstrate this to be the case for industrialized agave–tequila production by adopting an approach that traces the flows of materials, pollutants and money, taking into consideration the degree to which transnational companies control the agave–tequila value chain, the portion of tequila that is exported, technologies, company–farmer and company–worker relations, relevant public policy, and environmental and social impacts. We analyse the polluting consequences of industrialized tequila production and show how the expansion and intensification of agave production since the mid‐1990s has been characterized by increasing volumes of biomass extraction, the emergence or exacerbation of different forms of environmental degradation, the marginalization of small‐scale agave farmers, and deteriorating working conditions for agave‐field workers. In addition, we briefly discuss traditional mezcal production as a socially and ecologically sustainable alternative model.
DNA methylome profiling identifies novel methylated genes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients with platinum resistance
Authors: Hua Tian , Kang Shan , Li Xiao‐fei , Tian Yun‐jie , Li Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimPlatinum‐based chemotherapy is widely used for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). As high as 20–25% of EOC patients will not respond to the initial chemotherapy. Accumulated evidences have implied that DNA methylation may serve as a potential bio‐marker for chemotherapy‐resistant phenotypic screening; however, the pattern underlying primary platinum resistance remains unclear.MethodsReduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis was performed to identify differences in methylation status between primary platinum‐resistant patients Progression free survival (PFS) (PFS < 6 months, n = 8) and extreme sensitive patients (PFS ≥ 24 months, n = 8). The Qubit 3.0 Fluorometer was used for the quantification of RRBS library. The RRBS library was sequenced on Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencer as 50 bp paired‐end reads.ResultsAfter screening, 94 valid hyper‐/hypo‐methylated regions were identified to be located within 94 gene promoter and exon regions (adjusted q ≤ 0.5), which were primarily associated with cell–cell adhesion, B cell activation and lymphocyte activation according to GO analysis. The 19 differentially methylated regions (DMR) located in the promoter region including TRC‐GCA11‐1, LOC105370912, ANO7P1, DHX4,MSH2, CDCP2, CCNL1, ARHGAP42P2, PRDM13, LOC101928344, USP29, ZIC5,IL1RAPL1, EVX2, ABR, MGRN1, UBALD1, LINC00261, and ISL2 were identified according to the order of P‐values from low to high, of which MSH2, LINC00261, MGRN1, ZIC5, EVX2, CCNL1, and DHX40 were presented to play a variety of roles in cancers process based on the previous studies.ConclusionDNA methylome profiling based on RRBS assay is an effective method for screening aberrantly methylated genes in primary platinum‐resistant patients, which may serve as a potential epigenetic bio‐marker for the prediction of primary platinum resistance.
Patients' need for information on permanent contraception during a cesarean section: A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Ida Tsutomu , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Yoshimi , Kohyama Akira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to explore the need for information about permanent contraception in Japanese women with repeated cesarean sections (CS).MethodsThe present, cross‐sectional survey used a self‐administered questionnaire mailed to women with a second or later CS at Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center between March 2010 and December 2017. Those who were pregnant, had given birth less than 1 year before the survey or had an hysterectomy were excluded.ResultsThe present study analyzed 284 patients (60 with permanent contraception, 224 without permanent contraception). Forty‐eight (80%) of women with permanent contraception, and 135 (60%) of women without permanent contraception believed that information on permanent contraception was needed before CS. Among women without permanent contraception, significantly fewer women obtained adequate information of permanent contraception from their healthcare workers before a CS compared with women with permanent contraception (8% vs. 71%, p < 0.001). A higher rate of unreliable contraceptive use (41%) and unintended pregnancies (4%) after the latest CS were found among the women without permanent contraception.ConclusionsA large portion of the study cohort wished they had received information on permanent contraception before CS; however, the patients without permanent contraception had limited access to this information. Adequate information about permanent contraception should be provided to women planning a CS to enable them to make an informed decision with respect to the treatment.
Oxidative stress and the cholinergic system in non‐segmental vitiligo: Effect of narrow band ultraviolet b
Authors: Said Eman Raafat , Nagui Noha Abd El Rahim , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Mostafa Wedad Zoheir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite exhaustive research, melanocyte disappearance and the evolution of vitiligo remain enigmatic, and although multi‐factorial, oxidative stress appears as a major player. The role of cutaneous cholinergic system in vitiligo pathogenesis has also been reported in some studies.ObjectiveTo evaluate and correlate the influence of phototherapy on cutaneous cholinergic system and oxidative stress in vitiligo.MethodsAcetyl choline (ACh), its receptors; nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR); acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and H2O2 levels were estimated in de‐pigmented and re‐pigmented lesions of 30 vitiligo patients before and after NB‐UVB phototherapy and in 30 controls. ACh and H2O2 levels were measured by colorimetry. AChE and acetylcholine receptors expression were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsMean ACh and H2O2 levels were significantly higher in vitiligo lesions before NB‐UVB (P < .001) whereas AChE enzyme level was significantly lower (P < .001) compared to both re‐pigmented and control skin. Additionally, mean mAChR was significantly higher and mean nAChR was significantly lower in vitiligo lesions before NB‐UVB versus controls and re‐pigmented skin (P < .001). Also, H2O2 and AChE showed negative correlation whereas ACh and mAChR showed significant positive correlation. Although all the studied parameters showed significant changes after treatment and subsequent re‐pigmentation, a significant difference continued to exist between all vitiligo skin and controls.ConclusionCholinergic system is strongly involved in vitiligo pathogenesis through H2O2 inhibition of AChE which could be reversed by NB‐UVB. Moreover, the strong activation of mAChRs may reflect genetic and/or acquired errors, direct up‐regulation by ACh and H2O2 or both.
Development and evaluation of a quality control system based on transdermal electrical resistance for skin barrier function in vitro
Authors: Knoth Katharina , Zäh Ralf‐Kilian , Veldung Barbara , Burgio Dominic , Wiegand Birgit , Smola Hans , Bock Udo , Lehr Claus‐Michael , Hittinger Marius , Groß Henrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro skin permeation experiments are highly relevant for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural developments, and regulatory evaluation. A key requirement is the skin barrier integrity, that is accompanied by an intact stratum corneum (SC) which implements high skin quality. A variety of integrity tests are currently available, for example, measurement of transepidermal water loss, monitoring the permeation of tritiated water and the measurement of transdermal electrical resistance (TER).Materials and MethodsWe aimed for a non‐destructive examination of barrier integrity as quality control system, based on TER. Therefore, the in‐house developed instrument SkinTER measures electrical resistance on excised human skin samples in a non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use pattern. In this proof of concept study, we compared three human in vitro skin models with focus on their TER and permeation properties. The skin integrity was impaired to mimic conditions of skin during age, lifestyle (eg, shaving) or diseases (eg, obesity, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis). The OECD permeation marker caffeine was correlated to the corresponding TER value.ResultsA correlation between both was obtained by having a Pearson coefficient of −0.830. Hereby, a minimum TER value for intact skin samples of ~1.77 kΩ*cm2 was suggested. Intact samples are significantly different (α = ≤0.05) to their impaired counterparts in flux and TER values.ConclusionThe new SkinTER instrument gives a quick and non‐invasive feedback on skin quality before a permeation experiment.
Determining agreement between preoperative computed tomography lymphography and indocyanine green near infrared fluorescence intraoperative imaging for sentinel lymph node mapping in dogs with oral tumours
Authors: Wan Jennifer , Oblak Michelle L. , Ram Ann , Singh Ameet , Nykamp Stephanie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLymphatic drainage from the head and neck is variable with significant crossover, therefore sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping can help ensure the appropriate lymph node(s) are sampled. To improve sensitivity, SLN mapping utilizing multiple modalities and a combination of preoperative computed tomography lymphography (CTL) and intraoperative near infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) with indocyanine green (ICG) +/− methylene blue (MB) dye has been suggested. The aim of this study was to describe a method for intraoperative ICG lymphography and determine agreement for SLN detection using preoperative CTL and intraoperative ICG NIRF + MB lymphography (IOL) in dogs with oral tumours. Fourteen client‐owned dogs were included. All dogs had preoperative CTL with iodinated contrast and intraoperative IOL with an exoscope. Lymph nodes with CTL contrast‐enhancement, blue staining or fluorescence were considered sentinel. The overall SLN identification rate was 100% when CTL and IOL were combined. A total of 57 SLNs were identified. Indocyanine green NIRF identified a greater proportion of SLNs (91%; 52/57) compared with MB (50.8%; 29/57) and CTL (42.1%; 24/57). Eighteen SLNs were identified by all three modalities with a fair level of agreement using Fleiss kappa. These findings suggest a combination of preoperative CTL with intraoperative SLN mapping techniques may greatly improve the ability to accurately detect the SLN in dogs with oral tumours.
Multiplex fluorescent immunocytochemistry for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis: Determining optimal storage conditions
Authors: Howell Margaret , Evans Samantha J. M. , Cornwall Michelle , Santangelo Kelly S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFeline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease of cats that can be very difficult to definitively diagnose antemortem. Multiplex fluorescent immunocytochemical (MF‐ICC) assays are emerging as useful diagnostic tests in veterinary medicine, particularly for fluid samples.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and optimize an MF‐ICC assay to detect feline coronavirus within macrophages, with the primary goal of determining the allowable/recommended sample storage conditions for clinical use of this assay.MethodsA feline macrophage cell line was infected with the FIP virus. Following harvest into EDTA tubes (simulating typical clinical collection of effusion), cells were stored at 4℃, 22℃, and 37℃. For each temperature condition, slides for MF‐ICC were made at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 days post‐collection. To assess the stability of immunoreactivity following fixation, freshly harvested infected cells were fixed onto slides and maintained at 4℃ for 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. All slides were analyzed by MF‐ICC for the presence of mononuclear cells with co‐expression of vimentin and coronaviral antigen.ResultsMF‐ICC confirmed that cells tested positive for coronavirus at 4℃ through 3 days post‐harvest, 22℃ through 48 hours post‐harvest, and 37℃ through 24 hours post‐harvest. The MF‐ICC assay was successfully performed on fixed slides through the 12‐week time point. This assay also demonstrated positive results on a clinical sample of abdominal fluid from a cat later confirmed to have FIP.ConclusionsThe MF‐ICC assay described here offers a potentially specific and relatively stable antemortem diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis. Evaluation of this assay in clinical samples is ongoing.
Making sense of neural development by comparing wiring strategies for seeing and hearing
Authors: Sitko A. A. , Goodrich L. V. 
Published: January 2021

Complex diversity from shared toolkits
Neural development builds diverse circuits out of a common toolkit, with shared mechanisms, transcription factors, and cellular signaling systems. Sitko and Goodrich compare and contrast the development of visual and auditory systems to parse the similarities in logic and the differences in sensory information processing.

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