bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring total‐factor energy environment efficiency, energy‐saving and carbon emission‐reduction potential in China's food industry: Based on a meta‐frontier slacks‐based measure model
Authors: Xie Xuan , Li Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChina's food industry is a large energy consumer and carbon emitter due to its huge scale, so it cannot be ignored if China wants to achieve the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, and clean production. It is necessary to conduct an in‐depth analysis of the energy environment efficiency of the industry. This paper measures the total‐factor energy environment efficiency (TFEEE) of China's food industry and calculates its energy‐saving and CO2 emission‐reduction potential. A method that combines the slacks‐based measure (SBM) model with meta‐frontier technology is adopted, which considers the heterogeneity of production between regions while dealing with the undesirable output (CO2 emissions). This method is used to calculate the energy environment efficiency of each province based on the group frontier (GTFEEE) and the meta‐frontier (MTFEEE). Through the difference between these two efficiencies, the energy‐saving potential is further decomposed into energy saving from management efficiency improvement and energy saving from technology catch‐up. The results show that, overall, the energy environment efficiency of China's food industry is low, and there are obvious technology gaps between regions. In 2013, the energy‐saving potential of China's food industry reached 49.28 million tce, accounting for 60.7% of the industry's energy consumption that year. Among them, 76% came from the improvement of management efficiency. And the CO2 emission‐reduction potential was 154.6 million tons. Finally, targeted energy saving and emission reduction recommendations were put forward.
Origin of the dioritic porphyrite and its associated Matouniu skarn gold polymetallic deposits in the Eastern Hebei Province, North China: Evidence from geochronology, geochemistry, and C–O–S–Pb–Hf isotopes
Authors: Yu Run‐tao , Li Bi‐le , Wu Feng , Yuan Yong‐jian , Huo Liang , Zhang Yan‐jun , Li Zhi‐hua 
Published: September 2021

The Matouniu gold polymetallic deposit in the Eastern Hebei Province (Jidong) in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) is a skarn‐type ore deposit. Geochemical data, zircon U–Pb, and Hf isotope analysis of the mineralization‐related dioritic porphyrite and C–O–S–Pb isotopes from the deposit were used to investigate the origin, magmatic evolution, mineralization, and tectonic setting of the Matouniu gold polymetallic deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals an emplacement age of 146.7 ± 1.1 Ma, indicating that the magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Late Jurassic. Geochemical, Hf, and Pb isotopic compositions indicate that the dioritic porphyrite was formed by the partial melting of the ancient mafic lower crust, leaving behind residual plagioclase, amphibole, and garnet, with traces of mantle material involvement. The S and Pb isotopic compositions revealed that both the ore‐forming materials and the dioritic porphyrite were derived from a deep‐seated magmatic source, which mainly originated from the lower crust, with minor input from the mantle. The C–O isotopic compositions suggest that the early ore‐forming fluids had a mainly deep‐seated magmatic source with minor meteoric water involvement, and were accompanied by continuous meteoric water involvement and water‐rock interaction during the fluid migration. The Matouniu gold polymetallic deposit and Late Jurassic dioritic porphyrite associated with skarn mineralization formed under geodynamics involved a compressional regime that was associated with the continuous subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate beneath the East Asia Plate.
Health risk behaviors before and during COVID‐19 and gender differences
Authors: Branquinho Cátia , Paiva Teresa , Guedes Fábio , Gaspar Tânia , Tomé Gina , Gaspar de Matos Margarida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChanges in routines and habits, fear of contamination from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) virus, and economic crisis have resulted in significant impacts upon individuals' lives, health, and risk behaviors. The present study aims to analyze health risk behaviors and gender differences of Portuguese adults before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A quantitative analysis using SPSS v. 26 software presents the evaluation of 5746 responses (M = 48.5 years, SD = 14.3), of which 67.7% were female. t Test was used to study differences in means before and during the pandemic and analysis of variance test to analyze gender differences. In the comparative study before and during the pandemic showed a decrease in the number of meals per day, physical activity and perception of sleep quality; an increase in tobacco use, beer consumption, and media use (TV, mobile phone, social networks, and online games). Gender differences study demonstrated that the number of meals per day suffered a decrease from pre to pandemic in women, while increasing in men, becoming prominent in the second moment under study. Both genders had an increase in consumption behaviors and substance use, but women revealed a decrease in the consumption of wine during the pandemic, while men revealed more consumption behaviors in the variables under study. The use of media also changed, with men showing a higher level in TV hours per day, social networks and online games before the pandemic and in TV hours per day and games/online during the pandemic. Women stand out in the use of mobile phone per day during the pandemic. Daily physical activity decreased during the pandemic, as did sleep quality. Males revealed a higher practice of physical activity at both periods, as well as sleep quality. Based on the results presented, it is expected that considerations and actions in the scope of public health policies and health prevention and promotion, will be rethought and adapted to the specificities of each gender.
Myeloid PTEN deficiency aggravates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension
Authors: An Changlong , Jiao Baihai , Du Hao , Tran Melanie , Zhou Dong , Wang Yanlin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypertension is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. However, the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney disease is not fully understood. Recently, we have shown that CXCL16/phosphoinositide‐3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) plays an important role in the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II (AngII) induced hypertensive nephropathy. In the present study, we examined the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major regulator of PI3K signaling, in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis in an experimental model of hypertension induced by AngII. We generated myeloid PTEN conditional knockout mice by crossing PTENflox/flox mice with LysM‐driven Cre mice. Littermate LysM‐Cre−/−PTENflox/flox mice were used as a control. Both myeloid PTEN knockout mice and their littermate control mice exhibited similar blood pressure at baseline. AngII treatment resulted in an increase in blood pressure that was comparable between myeloid PTEN knockout mice and littermate control mice. Compared with littermate control mice, myeloid PTEN knockout mice developed more severe kidney dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis following AngII treatment. Furthermore, myeloid PTEN deficiency exacerbated total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production and enhanced myeloid fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidney following AngII treatment. Finally, myeloid PTEN deficiency markedly augmented infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells into the kidneys of AngII‐treated mice. Taken together, these results indicate that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis through the regulation of infiltration of myeloid fibroblasts, macrophages, and T lymphocytes into the kidney.
N6‐methyladenosine RNA methylation: A novel regulator of the development and function of immune cells
Authors: Dong Lin , Cao Yejin , Hou Yueru , Liu Guangwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is a reversible posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes involving three types of functional proteins: “writers”, “erasers”, and “readers”. m6A regulates the metabolism of messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs through RNA structure, splicing, stability, export, and translation, thereby participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the current state of m6A methylation researches, focusing on how these modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells and regulate immune responses in immune‐associated diseases, including viral infections and cancer. These studies showed that m6A modifications and m6A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. m6A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation.
Mechanisms, development, and comparative perspectives on experience‐dependent plasticity in social behavior
Authors: Sakata Jon T. , Catalano Isabella , Woolley Sarah C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRevealing the mechanisms underlying experience‐dependent plasticity is a hallmark of behavioral neuroscience. While the study of social behavior has focused primarily on the neuroendocrine and neural control of social behaviors, the plasticity of these innate behaviors has received relatively less attention. Here, we review studies on mating‐dependent changes to social behavior and neural circuitry across mammals, birds, and reptiles. We provide an overview of species similarities and differences in the effects of mating experiences on motivational and performative aspects of sexual behaviors, on sensory processing and preferences, and on the experience‐dependent consolidation of sexual behavior. We also discuss recent insights into the neural mechanisms of and developmental influences on mating‐dependent changes and outline promising approaches to investigate evolutionary parallels and divergences in experience‐dependent plasticity.
Effects of acute temperature increases on House sparrow (Passer domesticus) pectoralis muscle myonuclear domain
Authors: De Jesus Aliyah D. , Jimenez Ana Gabriela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith rapid climate change, heat wave episodes have become more intense and more frequent. This poses a significant threat to animals, and forces them to manage these physiologically challenging conditions by adapting and/or moving. As an invasive species with a large niche breadth, House sparrows (Passer domesticus) exhibit high phenotypic flexibility that caters to seasonal changes in function and metabolism. For example, their pectoral muscle complex exhibits size and mass plasticity with winter and summer acclimation. Here, we investigated the effects of acute whole‐organism heat stress to 43°C on cellular‐level changes in House sparrow pectoralis muscle myonuclear domain (MND), the volumetric portion each nucleus is responsible for, that have gone overlooked in the current literature. House sparrows were separated into a control group, a heat‐shocked group subjected to thermal stress at 43°C for 24 h, and a recovery group that was returned to room temperature for 24 h after experiencing the same temperature treatment. Here, we found that heat‐shocked and recovery groups demonstrated a decrease in number of nuclei per millimeter of fiber and increase in MND, when compared with the control. We also found a significant positive correlation between fiber diameter and MND in the recovery group, suggesting the possibility that nuclei number constrains the extent of muscle fiber size. Together, these results show that acute heat shock alters House sparrow pectoralis muscle cellular physiology in a rigid way that could prove detrimental to long‐term muscle integrity and performance.
Middle Pleistocene environments, landscapes and tephrostratigraphy of the Armenian Highlands: evidence from Bird Farm 1, Hrazdan Valley
Authors: Sherriff Jenni E. , Wilkinson Keith N. , Harding Poppy , Hawkins Hayley , Timms Rhys G. O. , Adler Daniel S. , Beverly Emily J. , Blockley Simon P. E. , Gasparyan Boris , Manning Christina J. , Mark Darren , Nahapetyan Samvel , Preece Katie J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe significance of the southern Caucasus in understanding Pleistocene hominin expansions is well established. However, the palaeoenvironments in which Palaeolithic occupation of the region took place are presently poorly defined. The Hrazdan river valley, Armenian Highlands, contains a rich Palaeolithic record alongside Middle Pleistocene volcanic, fluvial and lacustrine strata, and thus offer exciting potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. We present the first results of sedimentological, geochemical, tephrostratigraphical and biological (diatoms) study of the sequence of Bird Farm 1, located in the central part of the valley. These data show six phases of landscape development during the interval 440–200 ka. The sequence represents the first quantitative Pleistocene diatom record from the Armenian Highlands and the southern Caucasus, and indicates the persistence of a deep, stratified lacustrine system, with evidence for changing lake productivity that is tentatively linked to climate. Furthermore, major element chemical characterization of visible and crypto‐tephra horizons in the sequence enables the first stages of the development of a regional tephrostratigraphy. Together, the evidence from Bird Farm 1 demonstrates the importance of lacustrine archives in the region for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and highlights the potential for linkages between archives on both a local and regional scale.
Toward trait‐based food webs: Universal traits and trait matching in planktonic predator–prey and host–parasite relationships
Authors: Litchman Elena , Edwards Kyle F. , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that traits offer a powerful way to examine the relationship between the environment, organismal strategies, species interactions, and ecological success. To date, trait‐based research has largely been focusing on individual trophic levels and not on cross‐level interactions. Looking at traits not only within but across trophic levels and identifying traits that together define trophic interactions holds a great potential for understanding the mechanisms of interactions. Here, we outline the conceptual foundation for cross‐trophic trait‐based frameworks, using planktonic food webs as an example. First, we compile a list of traits important within different individual trophic levels and show that there are traits that are common across trophic levels (“universal” traits), as well as trophic level‐specific traits. Next, we focus on traits that characterize interactions across trophic levels, focusing on two types of interaction—grazer–primary producer and host–parasite, identifying the similarities and differences between these interactions. We outline the trait hierarchies that define possible and realized intertrophic interactions and their strengths. We then highlight the importance of trade‐offs among those traits in shaping interactions and explaining general patterns in the structure and function of food webs. Finally, we discuss the environmental influences on traits, their eco‐evolutionary responses to changing conditions and how those responses may alter trophic interactions. The extension of trait‐based approaches from individual trophic levels to food webs and different trophic interactions should stimulate further conceptual development, enrich the field of aquatic sciences, and provide a framework to better predict global change effects on ecosystems.
Synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymer using high molecular weight spherical nanoparticles and arm‐first method
Authors: Liu Guangyao , Yang Yongqi , Zheng Chao , Cao Xiaoqun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractP (N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide) ‐b‐P (2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PDMA‐b‐PMEA) and Poly (poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) ‐b‐P (2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PPEGMA‐b‐PMEA) di‐block copolymer nanoparticles are prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization in water at 35°C. By changing the degree of polymerization (DP) of PMEA and the solid content of the reaction solution, only spherical nanoparticles are obtained. Using PDMA and PPEGMA as macromolecular chain transfer agents (Macro‐CTA), the actual DP of PMEA block can be up to 11,520 and 17,000, respectively, the size of the obtained spherical nanoparticles can be close to 600 nm, and the molecular weight of the block copolymer can reach 106. Such large spheres may serve as model sterically stabilized particles for analytical centrifugation studies. In the mixed solvent of ethanol and water (1:1, v/v), we synthesize ultra‐high molecular weight CCS polymer by the arm‐first method. Star polymer with such high molecular weight and small particle size can be used for emulsification.
Results of the patient report of intermittent catheterization experience (PRICE) study
Authors: Roberson Daniel , Newman Diane K. , Ziemba Justin B. , Wein Alan , Stambakio Hanna , Hamilton Rita G. , Callender Librada , Holderbaum Leah , King Tamara , Jackson Angela , Tran Thanh , Lin George , Smith Ariana L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsPatient satisfaction is paramount to health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) outcomes. High quality, quantitative data from the US describing patients’ actual experiences, difficulties, and HR‐QoL while on an intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) regimen is very scarce. Our objective was to better understand patient practices with and attitudes towards ISC.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, multi‐centered, clinical study of adult men and women performing ISC in the United States. Data collected included demographics, medical history, catheter characteristics, specific self‐catheterization habits and two validated HR‐QoL questionnaires: The Intermittent Self‐Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q) and the Intermittent Catheterization Difficulty Questionnaire (ICDQ).ResultsTwo hundred participants were recruited from six sites; 70.0% were male, 73.5% were Caucasian with a median age was 51.0 years (range 19–90 years). The ISC‐Q showed that the vast majority of participants reported ease with ISC (82.0% satisfaction score) had confidence in their ability to perform ISC (91.9% satisfaction score); yet, many felt self‐conscious about doing so (58.3% satisfaction score) and had concerns about long‐term adverse effects (58.1% satisfaction score). The ICDQ indicated little to no difficulty for most participants with all routine ISC practices. A small minority of participants reported some difficulty with a “blocking sensation” during initiation of catheterization, leg spasticity, and painful catheterization. Multivariate linear regression results are also reported.Discussion/ConclusionParticipants are confident with ISC and have little overall difficulty, which may be a product of successful education and/or catheter design. urinary tract infections (UTIs) were common (yet variable) and may contribute to the noted long‐term ISC concerns. Limitations exist including various selection biases leading to concerns of external validity. Future educational interventions in this population may further improve HR‐QoL, optimize UTIs prevention, and diminish concerns with long‐term ISC.
FoilMet®‐Interconnect: Busbarless, electrically conductive adhesive‐free, and solder‐free aluminum interconnection for modules with shingled solar cells
Authors: Paschen Jan , Baliozian Puzant , John Oliver , Lohmüller Elmar , Rößler Torsten , Nekarda Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe investigation of novel cell‐to‐cell interconnection methods has gained importance with the increase of wafer sizes. Shingling (i.e., overlapping) of solar cells is not only a solution for the interconnection of smaller solar cells but also a chance to increase the output power density by (i) increasing the active cell area within the module, (ii) decreasing shading losses, and (iii) reducing electrical interconnection losses. Replacing the commonly used expensive materials such as the silver in the cell's electrodes and the electrically conductive adhesive increases the attractiveness of a shingled interconnection. This article introduces the FoilMet®‐Interconnect, an approach using laser‐welded aluminum foil, for shingling and presents two solutions for configuration. With the production of aluminum foil‐based shingle strings and modules, saving 36.7% of silver, a proof of concept was successful. In subsequent measurements, an efficiency of ηFoilMet = (21.0 ± 0.2)% was achieved with foil‐based strings of three shingled cell. Temperature cycle tests after encapsulation indicate the applicability and durability of the approach.
Changing misconceptions of abilities: The impact of a brief mindset refutation text intervention
Authors: Torsney Benjamin M. , Korstange Ryan , Symonds Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current study investigated whether a brief refutation text intervention could change college students’ misconceptions about the malleability of their intelligence and abilities. Students from a 2‐year college and a 4‐year university in a large urban city in the Northeastern United States participated in experimental and control conditions. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated a significant overall model with a medium effect size (ηp2 = 0.11) for increased growth mindset and decreased fixed mindset for students in the experimental condition. A follow‐up χ2 analysis for a dichotomous variable of fixed/growth mindset demonstrated a 3% increase from pre‐ to posttest (from 229 students to 236) of students believing in growth mindset. The results demonstrate that a refutation text intervention is effective in promoting growth mindset in undergraduate college students during a brief mindset intervention. This study extends research from a European secondary school context to a US college context.