bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term Gait Parameters Change in Mild Spastic Cerebral Palsy after Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy Guided by Our Newly-Modified Protocol
Authors: jiang wenbin , Jiang Shuyun , Yu Yan , Zhan Qijia , Wei Min , Mei Rong , Chen Fang , Guo Yao , Xiao Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) guided by our modified protocol can decrease spasticity in certain muscles. This study aimed to investigate gait parameters changes in cerebral palsy (CP) with focal spasticity after SDR in short-term follow-up. Methods CP classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level Ⅰ and Ⅱ who underwent SDR were included. Changes of spasticity, gait parameters and gait deviation index (GDI) were retrospectively reviewed. Results This study contained 26 individuals with 44 affected and 8 intact lower limbs (4 monoplegia, 4 hemiplegia and 18 diplegia). Mean age was 5.7 ± 1.9 years-old and follow-up duration was 9.9 ± 6.6 months. After SDR, average spasticity of 108 target muscles decreased from 2.9 ± 0.8 to 1.8 ± 0.6 in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Kinematic curves changed after the surgery in sagittal and transverse plane in affected sides, further investigation showed improvements in ankle and knee. No changes were found in temporal-spatial parameters except decrease in cadence in affected sides. GDI improved significantly in affected limbs. Conclusion In short-term follow up, the new-protocol-guiding SDR can lower focal spasticity, GA showed improvements in kinematic parameters and GDI. Longer follow-up duration is needed to clarify the long-term outcome.
A New Side-effect of Sufentanil: Increased Monocyte-endothelial Adhesion
Authors: Yuan Dongdong , Zou Zhaowei , Li Xianlong , Cheng Nan , Guo Na , Sun Guoliang , Liu Dezhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Opioids have been identified by the World Health Organization to be ‘indispensable for the relief of pain and suffering’. Side-effects, such as nausea, vomiting, postoperative delirium, and effects on breathing, of opioids have been well investigated; however, the influence of opioids on monocyte-endothelial adherence has never been reported. Therefore, we explored the effects of representative opioids, fentanyl, sufentanil, and remifentanil, on monocyte-endothelial adherence and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We built a cell adhesion model with U937 monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Two kinds of connexin43 (Cx43) channel inhibitors, 18-α-GA and Gap 27, were used to alter Cx43 channel function in U937 monocytes and HUVECs, respectively, to determine the effects of Cx43 channels on U937-HUVEC adhesion. Subsequently, the effects of fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil on Cx43 channel function and U937-HUVEC adhesion were explored. Results: When fentanyl, sufentanil and remifentanil acted on monocytes or endothelial cells, their effects on monocyte-endothelial adherence differed. When acting on U937 monocytes, sufentanil significantly increased U937-HUVEC adhesion via the inhibition of Cx43 channels in U937 monocytes (the mechanism was related to Cx43 channels modulating ATP release), while fentanyl and remifentanil did not have these influences. Although sufentanil could also inhibit Cx43 channel function in HUVECs, it had no effect on ATP release from HUVECs or U937-HUVECs adhesion. Conclusions: We demonstrated that sufentanil application increases monocyte-endothelial adherence via the inhibition of ATP release mediated by Cx43 channels in monocytes. This side-effect of sufentanil should be considered seriously by clinicians.
Optimal Time Lags from Causal Prediction Model Help Stratify and Forecast Nervous System Pathology
Authors: Bermperidis Theodoros , Rai Richa , Ryu Jihye , Torres Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Traditional clinical approaches diagnose disorders of the nervous system using standardized observational criteria. Although aiming for homogeneity of symptoms, this method often results in highly heterogeneous disorders. A standing question thus is how to automatically stratify a given random cohort of the population, such that treatment can be better tailored to each cluster’s symptoms, and severity of any given group forecasted to provide neuroprotective therapies. In this work we introduce new methods to automatically stratify a random cohort of the population composed of healthy controls of different ages and patients with different disorders of the nervous systems. Using a simple walking task and measuring micro-fluctuations in their biorhythmic motions, we show that gait is compromised in healthy aging and that in young FMR1 premutation carriers, gait forecasts, even by 15 years ahead, symptoms resembling those of elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Our methods combine non-linear causal network connectivity analyses in the temporal and frequency domains with stochastic mapping, defining a new type of internal motor timings amenable to create personalized clinical interventions. We frame our results using the principle of reafference and operationalize them using causal prediction, thus renovating the theory of internal models for the study of neuromotor control.
The prognostic significance of a histological response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Tanaka Hideharu , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Imai Hisashi , Higashi Toshiya , Kiyama Shigeru , Okumura Naoki , Murase Katsutoshi , Takahashi Takao , Saigo Chiemi , Takeuchi Tamotsu , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Preoperative chemotherapy (PC) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is widely used to improve prognosis, but its clinical benefit has not been fully established. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PC for synchronous CRLMs, and to analyze the correlation between histological response to PC and survival.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological factors and outcomes of 69 patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for synchronous CRLM between 2004 and 2018 after receiving PC (PC group: n = 43) or who underwent upfront hepatectomy without PC (Non-PC group: n = 26).
In the PC group, the patients were
divided into two groups, Grade 1 (n = 27) and Grade 2/3 (n = 16)
groups according to their histological responses to PC.
Results
The median survival and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 80.9 months and 61.5%, respectively, in the PC group and 71.7 months and 61.5%, respectively, in the Non-PC group (P = 0.867). Regarding recurrence-free survival (RFS) and remnant liver-RFS, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.087 and 0.291). However, in a subgroup analysis according to the histological response to PC, the median 5-year OS, RFS, and remnant liver-RFS in the Grade 2/3 group were significantly longer than in the Grade 1 group (OS: 66 vs. 53 months; P = 0.008, RFS: 15 vs. 6.7 months; P = 0.002, remnant liver-RFS: 62 vs. 8.3 months; P < 0.001). Surgical margin positive status (< 1 mm) was associated with a high remnant liver recurrence rate (hazard ratio 2.597, P = 0.008).
Conclusion
PC should not be routinely administered to all patients with synchronous CRLMs. However, some patients benefit from PC, and the histological response to PC had prognostic significance for patients with synchronous CRLM.
Association between Endoscopist Specialty and Colonoscopy Quality: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Forbes Nauzer , Mazurek Matthew , Murray Alistair , Ruan Yibing , Hilsden Robert J , Heitman Steven J , Brenner Darren R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Colonoscopy is an important modality in the provision of colorectal cancer screening. Though effective and safe, the performance of screening-related colonoscopy is variable in terms of its overall quality, with endoscopist-related factors playing an important role in this variation. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the association between endoscopist specialty and colonoscopy quality and outcomes.
Methods

A comprehensive electronic search will be carried out to determine the association between endoscopist specialty and colonoscopy quality metrics and/or outcomes in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy. Two abstracters will independently determine study eligibility, assess study quality, and abstract study data. The primary outcome will be the adenoma detection rate (ADR); secondary outcomes will include cecal intubation rate (CIR), withdrawal time (WT), adverse events (AEs) and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). Rates of the above metrics and outcomes will also be compared between clinically relevant subgroups determined a priori. DerSimonian and Laird models will be used to perform meta-analyses for each outcome. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored via meta-regression analyses, if possible.
Discussion

Given the significant established variation in colonoscopy quality, endoscopist-related factors need to be explored. Our meta-analysis will address the important question of whether the specialty of the endoscopist impacts colonoscopy quality and/or outcomes.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021226251.
Biodegradation α-endosulfan and α-cypermethrin by Acinetobacter schindleri B7 isolated from the microflora of grasshopper (Poecilimon tauricola)
Authors: Ozdal Ozlem Gur , ALGUR Omer Faruk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extensive applications of pesticides have led to the contamination of ecosystem. Therefore, the isolation of new pesticide degrading bacteria is important. For the biodegradation of α-endosulfan and α-cypermethrin, new bacteria isolates were isolated from grasshopper (Poecilimon tauricola). According to different tests, these isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa B5, Acinetobacter johnsonii B6, Acinetobacter schindleri B7, Bacillus megaterium B9 and Brevibacillus parabrevis B12. The first two of these bacteria have been isolated as those that can use only α-endosulfan and the last two only use α-cypermethrin. Moreover, A. schindleri B7 was determined to be able to degrade both pesticides. When glucose was added to non-sulfur medium containing α-endosulfan (100 mg/L) and minimal salt medium containing α-cypermethrin (100 mg/L), both pesticide degradation and bacterial growth was increased. As a result, A. schindleri, a new gram negative bacterium, can inevitably be used in the biological treatment of environments exposed to pesticides.
Integrative Analyses of Biomarkers and Pathways for Osteosarcopenia
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Jianmin , Wang Guodong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying osteosarcopenia have not been fully elucidated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for osteoporosis and sarcopenia were respectively identified by analyzing four expression datasets from the GEO. We extracted the gene expression datasets GSE56814 and GSE56815 for osteoporosis, GSE1428 and GSE8479 for sarcopenia. 133 co-expressed DEGs were included in osteoporosis and sarcopenia datasets. Furthermore, functional enrichment analyses and PPI network construction were performed to explore the potential biological function of the DEGs and identify hub genes. S100 protein binding (GO:0044548; p-value = 1.83E-06) and regulation of mRNA metabolic process (GO:1903311; p-value = 2.30E-05) were significantly enriched in gene ontology(GO) analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that salmonella infection (hsa05132; p-value = 1.05E-04) and AMPK signaling pathway (hsa04152; p-value = 2.18E-03) were significantly enriched. According to the results of PPI, we finally identified five most critical genes as the hub genes, including AKT1, ANXA2, VIM, S100A6 and S100A11. The integrated analysis will contribute to the understanding of comprehensive molecular changes in osteosarcopenia and the development of new target therapies.
Risk Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Bensa District ISTRICT, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: TAFESSE TEMESGEN , YOSEPH AMANUEL , MAYISO KALEB , GARI TAYE 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Stunting remains one of the most common under-nutrition problems among children in the Ethiopia. Children aged 6-59 months share for 35–45% of the burden in endemic areas. Identifying the causes of stunting assists health planners to prioritize prevention strategies, and is a fundamental step for intervention. However, evidence scarce about risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Bensa district, South Ethiopia; 2019. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 10 to March 10, 2018 on a sample of 237(79 cases and 158 controls) children aged 6-59 months with their respective mothers. Data were collected using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard physical measurements. The data were entered using EPINFO version 7 and WHO Anthro software version 3.0.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square(X2) test was used to determine the overall association between explanatory and outcome variables. The variables were entered to the multivariable model using the backward stepwise regression approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to evaluate the presence and strength of associations. Results: Diarrhea in past two weeks (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.42-5.16) and male sex (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.224-4.59) were positively associated with stunting. The odds of stunting increased 2.7 times for children who had inappropriate exclusive breast feeding (AOR =2.07, 95%CI: 1.07-4.01) as compared to those who had the appropriate exclusive breast feeding. Having less than or equal to three under five children in the household (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 03-4.64), and mothers had no formal education (AOR =3.28, 95%CI: 1.56-6.924) were positively associated with stunting. Conclusions: Male sex, diarrhea in past two weeks, inappropriate exclusive breast feeding, number of the under five children in the household and mothers had no formal education were major predictors of the stunting. Educating mothers/care takers on Infant and Young Child Feeding practice. Findings support a focus on prevention of diarrhea as part of an overall public health strategy for improving child health and nutrition.
Automatic Lesion Segmentation Using Atrous Convolutional Deep Neural Networks in Dermoscopic Skin Cancer Images
Authors: Kaur Ranpreet , GholamHosseini Hamid , Sinha Roopak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Among skin cancers, melanoma is the most dangerous and aggressive form, exhibiting a high mortality rate worldwide. Biopsy and histopatholog-ical analysis are common procedures for skin cancer detection and prevention in clinical settings. A significant step involved in the diagnosis process is the deep understanding of patterns, size, color, and structure of lesions based on images obtained through dermatoscopes for the infected area. However, the manual seg-mentation of the lesion region is time-consuming because the lesion evolves and changes its shape over time which makes its prediction challenging. Moreover, at the initial stage, it is difficult to predict melanoma as it closely resembles other skin cancer types that are not malignant as melanoma, thus automatic segmentation techniques are required to design a computer-aided system for accurate and timely detection. Methods: As deep learning approaches have gained high attention in recent years due to their remarkable performance, therefore, in this work, we proposed a novel, end-to-end atrous spatial pyramid pooling based convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for automatic lesion segmentation. This architecture is built based on the concept of atrous dilated convolutions which are effective for semantic segmentation. A dense deep neural network is designed using several building blocks consisting of convolutional, batch normalization, leaky ReLU layer with fine-tuning of hyperparameters contributing towards higher performance. Conclusion: The network was tested using three benchmark datasets by International Skin Imaging Collaboration, i.e. ISIC 2016, ISIC 2017, and ISIC 2018. The experimental results showed that the proposed network achieved an average Jac-card index of 86.5% on ISIC 2016, 81.2% on ISIC 2017, and 81.2% on ISIC 2018 datasets, respectively which is recorded as higher than the top three winners of the ISIC challenge. Also, the model successfully extracts lesions from the whole image in one pass, requiring no pre-processing process. The conclusions yielded that network is accurate in performing lesion segmentation on skin cancer images.
Long-term Survival Following Radiofrequency Ablation of Lung Metastases in an Elderly Patient With Calcaneal Osteosarcoma: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Futani Hiroyuki , Takaki Haruyuki , Sawai Tatsuo , Taniguchi Junichi , Kako Yasukazu , Ide Yoshi-Hiro , Yamakado Koichiro , Tachibana Toshiya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung metastases are the primary cause of death from osteosarcomas. Complete resection of lung metastases can prolong the survival. However, complete surgical resection in elderly patients is often difficult due to high risk of peri-operative complications. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive technique to destroy tumor nodules using heat. Here, we present an elderly patient with osteosarcoma in calcaneus a scapular osteochondroma, who metachoronusly developed multiple lung metastases. Subsequently, he has been surviving a relatively long period by the use of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided lung RFA against his lung metastases.Case presentation: A 74-year-old male presented with 1-year history of heel pain. Imaging analysis demonstrated a mixture of osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions in the calcaneus with extraskeletal lesions. The histology of the biopsy specimen showed osteoid matrix with malignant spindle cells, which was diagnosed as a conventional high-grade osteosarcoma. Below-knee amputation was performed. However, 6 lung metastases were found in both lungs 1 year after surgery. During 4.5 years from the initial percutaneous CT-guided lung RFA, 18 lung metastases were treated in 8 procedures. Lung RFA was performed under moderate sedation and local anesthesia. The most frequent complication was pneumothoraxes in 3 procedures followed by pleuritis with pneumothorax in 1 procedure. Chest tube drainage was required in 2 of 8 (25%) lung RF procedures. Mean duration of hospital stay for lung RFA was 5.3 ± 2.1 days (range, 3-10 days). The patient has been alive with disease for 5.5 years after initial surgery. Conclusion: Our experience indicates that lung RFA is effective for elderly patients with lung metastases of osteosarcoma without serious complications.
Developing and validating a nomogram for prediction coronary heart disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yu Yun , Cai Xiao-Xian , Chen Jun-Lin , Xu Jing-song 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Previous studies indicate that there is an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Herein,we established and further validated a novel nomogram for predicting CHD in patients with COPD.
Methods

In total,we assessed 421 patients with COPD admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2017 to August 2019 .Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to develop a nomogram model containing variables which we screened,testing the discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram by C-index,area under the curve(AUC) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis was applied to evaluate the benefit of the screeing model.Further, we conducted an internal validation by using the bootstrapping validation.
Results

Multivariate analysis shows that arterial thrombosis,prealbumin,albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate are independent factors in predicting the risk of CHD.The prediction model exhibited discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.882 (95% CI: 0.848–0.916), and the AUC at 0.878(95% CI: 0.843–0.913).The nomogram demonstrated efficient calibration and clinical applicability when deciding on interventions with a CHD possibility threshold of 7% .During the interval validation, it could still attain a C-index value of 0.869.
Conclusion

The nomogram can predict the risk of CHD in patients with COPD,with a high discriminative ability and potential clinical applicability.
Interaction between CETP Polymorphism and Dietary Insulin Index and Load on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Diabetic adults
Authors: Abaj Faezeh , Rafiee Masoumeh , Koohdani Fariba 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The objectives were to investigate the effect of the interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism, Dietary Insulin Index and Insulin Load (DII and DIL) on cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 220 patients. DIL and DII were obtained via validated FFQ. CETP Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method.
Results
The highest BMI (P = 0.08) and WC (P = 0.01) values were observed in B2B2 genotype with the highest adherence to DII. Patients with B1B1 genotype who were in the highest DIL tertile had lower LDL/HDL (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.03), and higher HDL (P = 0.02). The highest SOD (P = 0.01), PGF2α (P = 0.04), CRP (P = 0.02), and IL-18 (P = 0.06) was observed in B2B2 genotype carriers with the highest DIL adherence. Individuals with B2B2 genotype in the highest tertile of DII had higher CRP (P = 0.04), TAC (P = 0.01), SOD (P = 0.02), and PGF2α (P = 0.02). B1B1 homozygotes who were in the highest tertile of DII had lower lipid profile TG (P = 0.02), LDL (P = 0.08), and LDL/HDL < 0.001.
Conclusion
Based on the current study, it may be proposed that CETP Taq1B polymorphism can be associated with CVD risk factors in diabetic patients with high adherence to insulin indices, including DII and DIL