bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oral fat stimulation on fat taste perception and preference among Japanese young men and women
Authors: Yamauchi Yuho , Inoshita Mmiko , Ueshima Kyouko , Uchida Yuki , Takamata Akira , Morimoto Keiko 
Published: June 2021

Recent evidence suggests that oral chemoreception is involved in the detection of fat via its breakdown products, fatty acids. In addition, long‐term consumption of high‐fat diet was reported to decrease oral fatty acid sensitivity. However, it is unclear whether dietary fat temporarily modulates fat taste perception and preference. We examined whether dietary fat stimulation of lingual lipid sensors affects oral fatty acid sensitivity and fat preference, and compared the results with those of sucrose among healthy young Japanese men and women. In addition, we assessed the sex difference or effects of sex hormones on the basal level of oral fatty acid sensitivity, fat preference, and changes in their levels after dietary fat stimulation.Female subjects participated in laboratory experiments three times in a random order in the early and late follicular phases, and mid‐luteal phases during the menstrual cycle, and male subjects did so on an arbitrary day. To test oral fatty acid sensitivity, oleic acid (C18:1) detection thresholds were determined using a three‐alternative forced‐choice methodology. The fat preference test was carried out by choosing the preference for cottage cheese containing four different concentrations of food lipids. Measurements of oleic acid detection threshold and fat preference were repeated after a lingual stimulation by 5 min exposure of dietary fat or sucrose. After the experiments, subjects consumed a buffet‐style lunch where they ate various food items until comfortably full, and their energy intake, fat intake, and fat‐energy ratio was assessed. We analyzed the relationship between oleic acid sensitivity and fat preference, or energy intake and the effects of sex hormones on these variables.Oral oleic acid thresholds did not vary between men and women in the early follicular phase, but changed in three phases during the menstrual cycle in women. Short‐term lingual stimulation with dietary fat enhanced the oleic acid thresholds in both women and men. In addition, there was a correlation between the oleic acid threshold and energy intake after the stimulation. The present result suggests that oral fatty acid sensitivity decreases after dietary fat stimulation and mediates total energy intake in a meal. Additionally, ovarian hormones possibly affect energy intake through oral fatty acid sensitivity in women.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Experimental Pediatric Obesity Impairs Central Control of Food Behavior
Authors: da Silva Aline Isabel , Braz Glauber Ruda F , Silva Severina Cassia A , Silva Tercya Lucidi A , Lagranha Claudia 
Published: June 2021

According to WHO in 2016, 41 million children in their frist5 years of age are either overweight or obese. Overweight and obese children have a higher risk to stay obese into adulthood and present more incidences to develop chronic diseases. The control of the food and energy intake is essentially controlled and integrated by hypothalamic neuropeptide with anorexigenic and orexigenic functions such as ‘cocaine‐and‐amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) co‐expressing neurons, which suppress feeding behavior or activation of agouti related‐peptide (AgRP) co‐expressing neurons that induces an increase in appetite response. Additionally to the peptides, specific receptors also play a key role in the control of the food behavior, such as 5‐HT1b and 5‐HT2c, acting regulating meal size and eating rate in association to the neuropeptides. Until the moment the effect of pediatric obesity and the expression of these neuropeptides and receptors remains to be more explored. Three days after delivery, the puppies were randomly assigned into two groups: Controls (nine pups per mother, n=6) or Overfed (three pups per mother, n=6). At 21 days, all male pups began to receive water and commercial chow ad libitum until 60 days of age. We evaluate body weight‐BW, 24 hours food intake‐FI, blood glucose and triglycerides levels, CART, AgRP, 5‐HT1b, and 5‐HT2c gene expression. Our data demonstrate that reduction in litter size induce the increase in BW since the seventh day of life and maintains until the sacrifice (7, 22, 60th, p<0.001). Associated with BW, we observed an increase in FI in dark cycle (p<0.01) and in light cycle (p<0.05). Evaluating serum patterns, we verify an increase in glucose (p<0.05) and in triglycerides (p<0.001). At the molecular levels, we observe an impressive decrease in CART expression (p<0.001) in the overfed group. Taken our data together, we suggest that neonatal overfed induce energetic disturb increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome in a possible mechanism mediated to alteration on neuropeptide signaling in the central control of food behavior.Support or Funding InformationFACEPE APQ grant #0164‐4.05/15; This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ‐ Brasil (CAPES) ‐ Finance code 001This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Sweeteners as a Cause of Alteration in the Consumption of Food, Water, Variation in Percentage of Lymphocytes and Cytokines
Authors: DE MARIA CRUZ ESTRADA FLOR , CARRILLO BEATRIZ ELINA MARTINEZ 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDThe use of sweeteners influences the appetite, activation of immune responses and release of proinflammatory factors, causing increased glucose and weight, generating acute inflammation.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of sweeteners as a cause of alterations in the consumption of food, water, variation in the percentages of lymphocytes and cytokines.MATERIAL AND METHODA total of 96 male mice CD1 [Crl: CD1 (ICR)] with eight week old, divided into three groups: CD1 (A), CD1 (B) and CD1 (C); each group with n = 32 subdivided into a control group: with a normal standard diet (rodent laboratory chow 5001 purine [3.02kcal/gr] and water ad libitum; one supplemented with sucrose (41.66 mg/mL), with stevia (4.16) mg/mL) and sucralose (4.16 mg/mL) respectively The weight, feed intake and water, percentage of B lymphocytes and cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐a and INF‐g) were calculated initially, intermediate and final in each group.RESULTSMice with sucrose from the CD1 (A) group consume less food, more water and have high glucose levels. There is weight gain in the three CD1 (B) groups supplemented; mice with sucrose and sucralose consume more food; lymphocytes elevated in peyer's plates by sucrose and decreased in spleen and blood by stevia and sucralose. High levels of TNF‐a by sucrose and high initial levels of INF‐g by the three sweeteners; low levels at the end in CD1 (C).CONCLUSIONSSweeteners can influence as anorexigenic, however, they generate weight gain, elevation of glucose levels and acute inflammatory response.Support or Funding InformationAUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF STATE OF MEXICO
imageThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Does a High‐Fat Diet Mimic Biological Aging in Mice? A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ives Stephen , Bloom Samuel , Tuluca Andrei , Reynolds T.H. 
Published: June 2021

Age and obesity are risk factors for many chronic diseases, which are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, and is thought to alter telomere function. Telomeres are the endcaps of eukaryotic chromosomes that maintain chromosomal structural integrity protecting genetic information. Telomeres are regulated and protected by the shelterin complex, made up of Telomere‐repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) and 2 (TRF2), protection of telomeres 1 (POT1a and b) as well as the enzyme telomerase that can elongate telomeres. However, to date, the effect of a high‐fat diet and age on the shelterin complex of telomeres in adipose tissue has not been examined. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of a high‐fat diet and aging on C57Bl6J (N=15) mice adipose tissue mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of telomeres. Young mice were randomly assigned to be fed either a high‐fat (YG+HF; n=5; 60% kcal from fat) or a low fat diet (YG+LF; n=4; 10% kcal from fat) for three months. A subset of mice were fed a low fat diet (AGED; n=6; 10% kcal from fat) and aged until 16 months.RESULTSBody weight and epididymal white adipose tissue weight (EWAT) increased with age or a high‐fat diet. TRF1 mRNA expression was reduced by age and a high‐fat diet, whereas age alone reduced TRF2. mTERT, the gene that codes for the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, was significantly higher in the YG+HF than the YG+LF and AGED mice (p=0.001). Body weight was significantly correlated with TRF1 and TRF2 mRNA expression (p=0.01), whereas mTERT expression was significantly correlated to EWAT weight (p=0.008). There were no significant differences between groups for mRNA expression of POT1A (p=0.928) and POT1B (p=0.930), respectively. To understand potential impacts of alterations to shelterin complex proteins on phenotype we probed for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), though unexpectedly, mRNA expression in adipose tissue were significantly elevated in the YG+LF group compared to the YG+HF and aged groups for TNFα (p=0.001) and MCP1 (p=0.000), respectively. We also assessed gene expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53, which is involved in the DNA damage response. There was no significant difference between groups for p53 mRNA expression (p=0.199). A high‐fat diet, increased the expression of mTERT, the catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, but decreased TRF1, whereas age decreased mTERT, TRF1, and TRF2. POT1a, POT1b, p53 were not different. Together, these findings suggest diet and age impact expression of the shelterin complex, and perhaps telomere function in adipose tissue which might be associated with the development of chronic disease associated with obesity or aging, but further work is needed.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
High plasma soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR) levels correlate with systolic blood pressure in aged male but not in female mice
Authors: Visniauskas Bruna , Wong Christopher TU , Crabtree Stephanie L , Hong Jennifer , Reverte Virginia , Rosales Carla B , Mejia‐Gomez Hernan , Mostany Ricardo , Prieto Minolfa C 
Published: June 2021

Elderly subjects are predisposed to intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) activation, which increases the risk for hypertension, kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prorenin receptor (PRR), a component of the RAS that enhances the activity of renin and fully activates prorenin, is upregulated in the kidney in hypertensive rodent models. PRR possesses two molecular forms, a cell membrane bound and a soluble form (sPRR). Levels of sPRR in plasma are elevated in patients with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes, and CKD. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that age increases plasma sPRR, blood pressure, and renal function in mice. We used male and female C57Bl/J6 mice distributed in 4 groups according with age (months, m) and sex (♂/♀) as follows: 1) 4–6 m, N=8/5; 2) 8–10 m, N=8/7; 3) 15–19 m, N=12/7; and 4) +20 m, N=9/7. Systolic blood pressures (SBP, mm Hg) measured by the tail cuff method were increased in male mice in 15–19 m (118±1.9) and +20 m (129±2.9) groups, compared to 4–6 m (103.0±1.8) and 8–10 m (105.0±1.6); p<.0001). No significant changes in SBP were observed in females. SBP positively correlated with age in male mice only (r=0.669; p=0.001). Plasma sPRR levels measured by ELISA (IBL America, Inc) did not differ between male and female young mice (10 m or younger). However, plasma sPRR levels were significantly higher in male mice of 15–19 m (3.8±0.2 ng/ml) and even greater in older mice (+20 m: 4.9±0.4 ng/ml), compared to 4–6 m (1.8±0.2 ng/ml) and 8–10 m (1.8±0.1 ng/ml) (p<.001). In contrast, only female mice older than 20 m of age showed significant increased plasma sPRR (4.3±0.1 ng/ml) compared to younger mice (p=0.03). Interestingly, plasma sPRR was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.602, p=0.02) in males but not in females. No differences were found in plasma and urine creatinine, osmolality, and BUN, or in urinary sodium concentration and proteinuria among groups. We conclude that: 1) Age positively correlates with SBP in male mice but not in females; 2) Plasma sPRR levels increase with age in male and female mice; and 3) Plasma sPRR levels are associated with SBP in aged males but not in female mice. The data suggests that age‐associated increases in plasma levels of sPRR and SBP are more sensitive to advanced age in male than in female C57Bl/6J mice. Further studies are needed to define whether hormone effects on plasma sPRR and SBP are independent or not of age.Support or Funding InformationSupport from NIH‐NIDDK (R01DK104375) to MCP; NIH‐NIA (R01AG047296) to RMThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Efficacy of Intermittent Fasting in Weight Reduction in Non‐obese and Obese Rats
Authors: Niepoetter Paige , Colley Zachary , Viernow Coral , Allen Alyssa , Gopalan Chaya 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a major contributing factor in the development of many chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Intermittent fasting (IF) isa pattern of feeding that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. It allows eating within a specific time period, and fast during the rest of the day. Intermittent fasting appears to be a promising approach to prevent or reverse obesity. Our project involved the induction of obesity using a high fat diet (HFD; D12492‐60% kcal diet) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Blood glucose and ketone levels were measured twice a week and daily body weights were monitored. The rats being fed on the HFD gained 12% more weight than those on a standard diet (SD) and 14% weight gain compared to the growth chart of the animal supplier within seven weeks of feeding this special diet. Blood ketone and glucose levels remained unchanged between these groups. The animals with HFD, now referred to as the obese (OB) group and those with SD referred to as non‐obese (non‐OB) rats were placed on IF next. Intermittent fastingin this experiment was designed to allow animals to eat for 6 hours during their nocturnal window of time and fast during the remaining 18 hours. The OB and non‐OB groups were subdivided into five groups during the IF study: (1) OB rats on IF who were given HFD (OB‐IF‐HFD; N=3), (2) OB rats on IF given SD (OB‐IF‐SD; N=3), (3) OB rats maintained on HFD ad libitum (OB‐non‐IF; N=4), (4) non‐OB rats on IF with SD (non‐OB‐IF; N=3), and (5) non‐OB rats maintained on SD ad libitum (non‐OB‐non‐IF; N=3). Within three weeks of exposure to IF, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight in the IF groups compared to the non‐IF groups receiving food ad libitum. However, blood ketone levels were significantly increased in the non‐OB‐IF rats compared to non‐OB‐non‐IF group, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was also noted in the OB‐IF‐SD group compared to OB‐non‐IF animals. This study suggests that HFD induces obesity as measured by body weight in approximately seven weeks, which can be reversed by subsequent practice of IF for three weeks but depends on the nature of the diet being used during IF i.e., IF‐induced weight loss with HFD is significantly less than with SD.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Chloroquine, an Activator of Bitter Taste Receptors, Relaxed Male Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips
Authors: Kline Loren 
Published: June 2021

Taste receptor cells are present in several extra‐oral locations such as the gut, human airway smooth muscle, vascular smooth muscle, and myometrial smooth muscle. A pharmacologic approach was used. The purpose of this study was to determine if the motility of the gallbladder was affected by a bitter tastant such as chloroquine (ChQ). ChQ relaxed both cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK)‐ and KCl‐induced tension in a concentration dependent manner. There was no significant difference in the amount of ChQ‐induced relaxation of either CCK (1.0 nM) ‐ or KCl (40 mM)‐induced tension at any concentration of ChQ used (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM). In some strips ChQ induced a transient tension (0.4 g lasting 1.4min). To determine if ChQ inhibited extracellular Ca2+ entry, ChQ was added to the chambers prior to the CCK a significant decrease in the amount of CCK‐induced tension was observed (1.12±0.08 vs. 0.9±0.06 g, n=4, p<0.001). A similar result was observed when KCl was used (1.12±0.1 vs. 0.7±0.1 g, n=4, p<0.001). Penitrem A, a blocker of high conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels, decreased the amount of ChQ‐induced relaxation (34.5±4.3 vs. 27.0±3.2%, n=3, p<0.02). Bisindolylmaleimide IV (BIM) and chelerythrine Cl− were used together to block PKC. They significantly decreased the amount of ChQ‐induced relaxation (23.8±3.2 vs. 18.9±3.0%, n=3, p<0.03). Neither PKA‐IM, a PKA blocker, nor KT5823, a PKG blocker, had a significant effect on the amount of ChQ‐induced relaxation. ChQ relaxed guinea pig gallbladder strips by blocking extracellular Ca2+ entry and blocked the actions of PKC.Support or Funding InformationThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Heart Rate Variability Measures Positively Correlate with Gastric Motility in Freely‐Moving Adult Rats
Authors: Meister Alissa L , Jiang Yanyan , Doheny Kim K , Travagli R. Alberto 
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that a decrease in parasympathetic tone to the GI tract is associated with increasing adverse outcomes associated with inflammation and sepsis. Currently, there are no non‐invasive methods to measure vagal tone to the GI tract. Conversely, cardiac vagal tone can be monitored non‐invasively via measurement of the high frequency power spectrum of heart rate variability (HF‐HRV). Although these parasympathetic outputs arise from distinct brainstem nuclei (cardiac from nucleus ambiguus, GI from dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus), it is unclear whether these efferent outputs are regulated in parallel.The aim of our study, thus, was to test the hypothesis that cardiac vagal tone is a surrogate marker for gastric motility by demonstrating that HF‐HRV is positively correlated with gastric motility and can be altered by pharmacological interventions targeted to the GI tract.Adult age‐matched male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats were implanted with a miniaturized strain gauge on the gastric antrum and 2‐pole electrocardiogram electrodes to collect simultaneous antral motility and HRV recordings. After a 2–3 day recovery period, rats were fasted from 8am–8pm, and daily recordings of gastric motility and HRV were performed. During these recordings, male rats received intraperitoneal injections of saline (1ml), cholecystokinin (CCK; 5nmoles), or ghrelin (100 pmoles/kg). Female rats underwent daily vaginal swabs to determine the stage in estrus cycle.Male rats displayed a significant positive correlation between HF‐HRV and gastric motility (N=8; r2=0.43, p<0.05) that was maintained following the decrease in antral motility induced by CCK (N=7; r2=0.046, p<0.05). Conversely, administration of ghrelin, despite inducing a significant increase in antral motility, did not display a significant correlation with HF‐HRV (N=6; r2=0.047, p>0.05). There were no significant changes in heart rate after any of the treatments.Female rats showed a significant correlation between HF‐HRV and gastric motility during metestrus and diestrus (N=4; r2=0.062, p<0.05); however this correlation was absent during proestrus and estrus (N=4; r2=0.003, p>0.05).Our data indicate that HF‐HRV positively correlates with gastric motility in males at baseline or following pharmacological interventions known to affect vagal tone and during periods of low estrus in female rats. Conversely, increased estradiol levels disrupt the correlation between HF‐HRV and antral motility.Support or Funding InformationNIH grant DK99350 to R.A.T. & K.K.D.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hepatic Bbs1 Gene is a Critical Determinant of Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Guo Deng Fu , Rahmouni Kamal 
Published: June 2021

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive human disorder associated with several features including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Mice lacking Bbs genes are also obese and display diabetes as indicated by the increased blood glucose, impaired glucose clearance and insulin resistance. We showed that these changes in glucose and insulin sensitivity are independent of obesity. Thus, we hypothesized that BBS proteins in insulin‐sensitive tissues contribute to the development of diabetes in BBS. To address this, we deleted the hepatic Bbs1 gene by crossing the Bbs1flox mice with liver‐sepecific (albumin) AlbCre mice. Interestingly, body weight of male and female AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice was slightly increased compared to control littermates (40.8±1.6 vs 36.2±2, male and 29.6±1.9 vs 25.8±1.2, female at age of 25 weeks). Fat mass, but not lean mass was higher in male and female AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice relative to controls. AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice exhibited fasting glucose (6 hrs fasting) was elevated (169± 14vs 136±8 in controls), but glucose tolerance test showed no significant difference in glucose clearance between AdipoCre/Bbs1flox mice and controls. On the other hand, insulin tolerance test revealed impaired insulin sensitivity in AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice compared to controls. Insulin‐induced activation of AKT was significantly decreased in the liver (6.6± 0.34vs 2.6±0.07 in controls), but not in the white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, of AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice. Using immunohistochemistry, we found significantly decreased plasma membrane insulin receptor levels in primary cultured hepatocytes derived from AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice (24.2±6.8%). Expression glucogenesis gene such as FBP1, G6Pase, MCAD, FASN, ACOX1 and SREBP1 was increased by 2–4 folds in the liver of AlbCre/Bbs1flox mice relative to control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hepatic Bbs1 gene is critical for glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH, AHA and VA grants to K.R.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.