bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute haemorrhage rate in 28,000 Out-of-Hours CT heads
Authors: Hocking Katherine C , Wright Catriona R , Alhun Utku , Hughes Frances , Balian Vartan J , Kabuli Mohammed A K , Tse George , McGonnell Maria , Chopra Annu , Kotnis Nikhil , Connelly Daniel , Alabed Samer 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this paper is to assess the acute haemorrhage rate in patients who had CT head investigation out-of-hours with and without trauma and compare the rates of haemorrhage between warfarin and DOACs, at a busy teritary teaching hospital.

Methods:
All CT heads performed between January 2008 and December 2019 were identified from the radiology information system (RIS) at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (STH), with the requesting information being available from January 2015. The clinical information was assessed for the mention of trauma or anticoagulation, and the reports were categorised into acute and non-acute findings.

Results:
Between 2008 and 2019 the number of scans increased by 63%, with scans performed out of hours increasing by 278%. Between 2015 and 2019, the incidence of acute ICH was similar over the 5-year period, averaging at 6.9% and ranging from 6.1 to 7.6%. The rate of detection of acute haemorrhage following trauma was greater in those not anticoagulated (6.8%), compared with patients on anticoagulants such as warfarin (5.2%) or DOACs (2.8%).

Conclusions:
Over 12 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of CT heads performed at STH. The rate of ICH has remained steady over the last 5 years indicating a justified increase in imaging demand. However, the incidence of ICH in patients prescribed DOACs is lower than the general population and those on warfarin.

Advances in knowledge:
This finding in a large centre should prompt discussion of the risk of bleeding with DOACs in relation to CT head imaging guidelines.
Added value of enhanced CT on LR-3 and LR-4 observation of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI for the diagnosis of HCC: are CT and MR washout features interchangeable?
Authors: Lim Kyungjae , Kwon Heejin , Cho Jinhan , Kim Dongwon , Kang Eunju , Kim Sanghyeon 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To characterize the use of portal venous or delayed phase CT as an alternative to estimate washout for the non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in combination with other features.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 226 observations (n = 162 patients) at high risk for HCC imaged with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and enhanced liver CT between March 2015 and March 2018. Two radiologists independently evaluated two sets of images and assigned the final Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categories by consensus using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. LR-1, LR-2, LR-5, and LR-M were excluded from the study.
The observations were divided using different criteria for washout: hypointensity on the portal venous phase (PVP) at MRI (criteria 1), hypointensity on PVP at MRI and/or hypoattenuation on the PVP/delayed phase at dynamic CT (criteria 2), and hypointensity on the PVP and/or hepatobiliary phase at MRI (criteria 3). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of HCC were analyzed for each criterion.

Results:
Using gadoxetic acid-enhanced, 226 lesions were diagnosed as LR-3 or LR-4 by LI-RADS. Among them, 98 and 152 had “washout” at criteria 1 and 2, respectively. For the diagnosis of HCC, criteria 2 and 3 showed significantly higher sensitivities (67.3 and 92.5%, respectively) compared with criteria 1 (35.5%) (p &lt; 0.001). The specificity of criteria 3 (13%) was significantly lower than those of criteria 1 and 2 (40.7% and 38.4%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). The specificities between criteria 1 and 2 were not statistically different (p = 0.427).

Conclusion:
Although the LI-RADS lexicon does not permit the interchange of image features among various image modalities, the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis could be improved without any decrease in specificity by adding CT image washout features.

Advances in knowledge:
Although the LI-RADS lexicon does not permit the interchange of image features among various image modalities, complementary use of dynamic CT in LR-3 or LR-4 categories on the basis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may contribute to major imaging feature.
What Makes a Good Image? Airbnb Demand Analytics Leveraging Interpretable Image Features
Authors: Zhang Shunyuan , Lee Dokyun , Singh Param Vir , Srinivasan Kannan 
Published: December 2021

We study how Airbnb property demand changed after the acquisition of verified images (taken by Airbnb’s photographers) and explore what makes a good image for an Airbnb property. Using deep learning and difference-in-difference analyses on an Airbnb panel data set spanning 7,423 properties over 16 months, we find that properties with verified images had 8.98% higher occupancy than properties without verified images (images taken by the host). To explore what constitutes a good image for an Airbnb property, we quantify 12 human-interpretable image attributes that pertain to three artistic aspects—composition, color, and the figure-ground relationship—and we find systematic differences between the verified and unverified images. We also predict the relationship between each of the 12 attributes and property demand, and we find that most of the correlations are significant and in the theorized direction. Our results provide actionable insights for both Airbnb photographers and amateur host photographers who wish to optimize their images. Our findings contribute to and bridge the literature on photography and marketing (e.g., staging), which often either ignores the demand side (photography) or does not systematically characterize the images (marketing). This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Switchable and tunable bifunctional THz metamaterial absorber
Authors: Zhang Baohe , Xu Kai-da 
Published: December 2021

The recent rise of active materials offers new opportunities for dynamically tunable metamaterial devices. However, metamaterial devices with a dynamically switchable function are in high demand. Inspired by previous studies, a dynamically switchable and tunable bifunctional THz (THz) metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) and graphene is proposed and investigated in this paper. Using the phase transition properties of

V
O

2

, the switchable performance between broadband near-perfect absorption and multiband near-perfect absorption can be achieved. When

V
O

2

is in the metallic state, the designed metamaterial absorber acts as a broadband near-perfect absorber with more than 90% absorption in the frequency range from 2.6 THz to 7.5 THz. Alternatively, the designed metamaterial absorber with the same geometry can be transformed into a tunable multiband absorber when

V
O

2

is converted to the insulated state. The performance of the absorber is analyzed by the multiple interference theory (MIT), which is in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. Due to the high symmetry of the structure, the presented absorber exhibits excellent polarization insensitivity and wide incident-angle stability, which opens a direction to design a new type of multifunctional metamaterial devices in the THz regime.
Highly sensitive methane detection based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy with a 2.33 µm diode laser and adaptive Savitzky-Golay filtering
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Qiao Shunda , Ma Yufei 
Published: December 2021

In this manuscript, a highly sensitive methane (CH4) sensor based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) using a 2.33 µm diode laser with high power is demonstrated for the first time. A quartz tuning fork (QTF) with an intrinsic resonance frequency of 32.768 kHz was used to detect the light-induced thermoelastic signal. A Herriot multi-pass cell with an effective optical path of 10 m was adopted to increase the laser absorption. The laser wavelength modulation depth and concentration response of this CH4-LITES sensor were investigated. The sensor showed excellent long term stability when Allan deviation analysis was performed. An adaptive Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering algorithm with χ2 statistical criterion was firstly introduced to the LITES technique. The SNR of this CH4-LITES sensor was improved by a factor of 2.35 and the minimum detection limit (MDL) with an integration time of 0.1 s was optimized to 0.5 ppm. This reported CH4-LITES sensor with sub ppm-level detection ability is of great value in applications such as environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
Green und Sustainable Software im Kontext von Software Qualitätsmodellen
Authors: Gerstlacher Julia , Groher Iris , Plösch Reinhold 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere durch die gegenwärtige Corona-Krise ist der Digitalisierungsdruck gestiegen. Doch Digitalisierung hat auch ihre Schattenseiten, in Form von steigenden Emissionen und einem hohen Bedarf an Energie und Ressourcen. Konzepte wie Green Software, Green in IT und Green by IT sollen ein Bewusstsein für diese Thematik schaffen und dazu beitragen Nachhaltigkeitsziele zu erreichen. Ziel dieser Publikation ist die Untersuchung von Green Software Qualitätsmodellen, welche auf dem Standard ISO/IEC 25010 basieren. Im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche haben wir Publikationen herausgefiltert, welche im Zeitraum 2011 bis 2020 veröffentlicht wurden und sich mit Green Software und Nachhaltigkeit im Kontext von Softwarequalität (ISO/IEC 25010) beschäftigt haben. Wir haben 7 verschiedene Modelle gefunden, welche Nachhaltigkeit in der folgenden Weise berücksichtigen: als eigenes Konzept von Softwarequalität (2 von 7), als Erweiterung des ISO/IEC 25010 (3 von 7), Nachhaltigkeit im ISO/IEC 25010 bereits enthalten (1 von 7), als Einflussfaktor, aber nicht als Teil der Produktqualität. Ein Modell lässt sich zu mehreren Betrachtungsweisen zuordnen. Fast alle Modelle (5 von 7) adressieren dabei die Dimension der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit. Soziale Nachhaltigkeit wird in 2 von 7 Modellen angesprochen. Lediglich 1 Modell berücksichtigt zusätzlich ökonomische, technische und individuelle Nachhaltigkeit. Im Kontext von Green und Sustainable Software werden, in den 7 Modellen, die folgenden Kriterien des ISO/IEC 25010 am häufigsten genannt: Performance Efficiency, Usability und Freedom from risk. Unser Beitrag liegt in der Identifikation von Green Software Qualitätsmodellen und dem ausführlichen Vergleich der einzelnen Modelle. Insbesondere analysieren wir, welche Qualitätskriterien des ISO/IEC 25010 als relevant für die Entwicklung von Green und Sustainable Software angesehen werden und wie die einzelnen Modelle Nachhaltigkeit adressieren.
Prevalence and factors associated with chronic use of levothyroxine: A cohort study
Authors: Janett-Pellegri Camilla , Wildisen Lea , Feller Martin , Del Giovane Cinzia , Moutzouri Elisavet , Grolimund Oliver , Walter Patrick , Waeber Gérard , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Vollenweider Peter , Rodondi Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

Importance
Levothyroxine prescriptions are rising worldwide. However, there are few data on factors associated with chronic use.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of chronic levothyroxine use, its rank among other chronic drugs and factors associated with chronic use. To assess the proportion of users outside the therapeutic range of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Design
Cohort study (CoLaus|PsyCoLaus) with recruitment from 2003 to 2006. Follow-ups occurred 5 and 10 years after baseline.

Participants
A random sample of Lausanne (Switzerland) inhabitants aged 35–75 years.

Main outcomes
We evaluated the prevalence of chronic levothyroxine use and we then ranked it among the other most used chronic drugs. The ranking was compared to data from health insurance across the country. We assessed the association between each factor and chronic levothyroxine use in multivariable logistic regression models. The proportion of chronic levothyroxine users outside the usual TSH therapeutic range was assessed.

Results
4,334 participants were included in the analysis (mean±SD age 62.8±10.4 years, 54.9% women). 166 (3.8%) participants were chronic levothyroxine users. Levothyroxine was the second most prescribed chronic drug after aspirin in the cohort (8.2%) and the third most prescribed when using Swiss-wide insurance data. In multivariable analysis, chronic levothyroxine use was associated with increasing age [odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05 per 1-year increase]; female sex [11.87 (5.24–26.89)]; BMI [1.06 (1.02–1.09) per 1-kg/m2 increase]; number of concomitant drugs [1.22 (1.16–1.29) per 1-drug increase]; and family history of thyroid pathologies [2.18 (1.37–3.48)]. Among chronic levothyroxine users with thyroid hormones assessment (n = 157), 42 (27%) were outside the TSH therapeutic range (17% overtreated and 10% undertreated).

Conclusions
In this population-based study, levothyroxine ranked second among chronic drugs. Age, female sex, BMI, number of drugs and family history of thyroid pathologies were associated with chronic levothyroxine use. More than one in four chronic users were over- or undertreated.
Computed tomography radiomics for the prediction of thymic epithelial tumor histology, TNM stage and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Blüthgen Christian , Patella Miriam , Euler André , Baessler Bettina , Martini Katharina , von Spiczak Jochen , Schneiter Didier , Opitz Isabelle , Frauenfelder Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
To evaluate CT-derived radiomics for machine learning-based classification of thymic epithelial tumor (TET) stage (TNM classification), histology (WHO classification) and the presence of myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods
Patients with histologically confirmed TET in the years 2000–2018 were retrospectively included, excluding patients with incompatible imaging or other tumors. CT scans were reformatted uniformly, gray values were normalized and discretized. Tumors were segmented manually; 15 scans were re-segmented after 2 weeks by two readers. 1316 radiomic features were calculated (pyRadiomics). Features with low intra-/inter-reader agreement (ICC<0.75) were excluded. Repeated nested cross-validation was used for feature selection (Boruta algorithm), model training, and evaluation (out-of-fold predictions). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values were calculated to assess feature importance.

Results
105 patients undergoing surgery for TET were identified. After applying exclusion criteria, 62 patients (28 female; mean age, 57±14 years; range, 22–82 years) with 34 low-risk TET (LRT; WHO types A/AB/B1), 28 high-risk TET (HRT; WHO B2/B3/C) in early stage (49, TNM stage I-II) or advanced stage (13, TNM III-IV) were included. 14(23%) of the patients had MG. 334(25%) features were excluded after intra-/inter-reader analysis. Discriminatory performance of the random forest classifiers was good for histology(AUC, 87.6%; 95% confidence interval, 76.3–94.3) and TNM stage(AUC, 83.8%; 95%CI, 66.9–93.4) but poor for the prediction of MG (AUC, 63.9%; 95%CI, 44.8–79.5).

Conclusions
CT-derived radiomic features may be a useful imaging biomarker for TET histology and TNM stage.
Analysis of PET parameters predicting response to radiotherapy for myeloid sarcoma
Authors: Choi Kyu Hye , Song Jin Ho , Kwak Yoo-Kang , Lee Jong Hoon , Jang Hong Seok 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT has recently been used for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy for myeloid sarcoma, but there is little research on predicting the response of radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between PET-CT variables and the response to radiotherapy in patients with myeloid sarcoma.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in myeloid sarcoma patients who received radiotherapy and PET-CT before and after radiotherapy. The response to radiotherapy was evaluated based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer PET response criteria, and binary regression analysis was performed to assess the factors predicting reductions in the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax).

Results
Twenty-seven sites in 12 patients were included in the study. Complete metabolic responses were seen in 24 patients after radiotherapy, a partial metabolic response in one, and progressive metabolic disease in two patients. The prescribed dose of more than 3000 cGy10 was significantly greater in the treatment control group (P = 0.024). In binary logistic regression analysis predicting reductions in the SUVmax of more than 70% after radiotherapy, the pretreatment SUVmax (≥ 7.5) and further chemotherapy after radiotherapy showed significant differences in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
Good metabolic responses (complete or partial) to radiotherapy were achieved in 92.6% of the myeloid sarcoma patients. Radiation doses < 3000 cGy10 and increased SUVmax were related to treatment failure and high SUVmax before radiotherapy was a factor influencing SUVmax reduction. Further large-scale studies are needed.
Healthcare-associated links in transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria among people with cystic fibrosis (HALT NTM) study: Rationale and study design
Authors: Gross Jane E. , Caceres Silvia , Poch Katie , Hasan Nabeeh A. , Davidson Rebecca M. , Epperson L. Elaine , Lipner Ettie , Vang Charmie , Honda Jennifer R. , Strand Matthew , Strong Michael , Saiman Lisa , Prevots D. Rebecca , Olivier Kenneth N. , Nick Jerry A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Healthcare-associated transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has been reported and is of increasing concern. No standardized epidemiologic investigation tool has been published for healthcare-associated NTM outbreak investigations. This report describes the design of an ongoing observational study to standardize the approach to NTM outbreak investigation among pwCF.

Methods
This is a parallel multi-site study of pwCF within a single Center who have respiratory NTM isolates identified as being highly-similar. Participants have a history of positive airway cultures for NTM, receive care within a single Center, and have been identified as part of a possible outbreak based on genomic analysis of NTM isolates. Participants are enrolled in the study over a 3-year period. Primary endpoints are identification of a shared healthcare-associated encounter(s) among patients in a Center and identification of environmental isolates that are genetically highly-similar to respiratory isolates recovered from pwCF. Secondary endpoints include characterization of potential transmission modes and settings, as well as incidence and prevalence of healthcare-associated environmental NTM species/subspecies by geographical region.

Discussion
We hypothesize that genetically highly-similar strains of NTM among pwCF cared for at the same Center may arise from healthcare sources including patient-to-patient transmission and/or acquisition from environmental sources. This novel study design will establish a standardized, evidence-based epidemiologic investigation tool for healthcare-associated NTM outbreak investigation within CF Care Centers, will broaden the scope of independent outbreak investigations and demonstrate the frequency and nature of healthcare-associated NTM transmission in CF Care Centers nationwide. Furthermore, it will provide valuable insights into modeling risk factors associated with healthcare-associated NTM transmission and better inform future infection prevention and control guidelines. This study will systematically characterize clinically-relevant NTM isolates of CF healthcare environmental dust and water biofilms and set the stage to describe the most common environmental sources within the healthcare setting harboring clinically-relevant NTM isolates.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04024423. Date of registry July 18, 2019.
THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Workneh Ayana 
Published: December 2021

The prime purpose of this article was to investigate the monetary and fiscal policy interaction and their impact on economic growth in a panel of 35 sub-Saharan African economies from 1980 to 2018. To achieve this objective, the study employs a Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) estimation technique. Using a PVAR approach, we show that an expansionary fiscal policy through tax revenue and an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via broad money supply have a positive effect on gross national income, whereas an expansionary fiscal policy through the government spending have a contractionary impact on gross national income. We also find that an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via real exchange rate has no effect on gross national income. Finally, we show evidence that there is a negative and significant relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy and thus supporting the need of policy coordination between fiscal and monetary policies. Therefore, to have continuous and sustainable economic growth, the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is vital, and the lack of this coordination leads to a sharp downturn of overall economic performance, even can hurt the economy
The empirical results also show that the variation in gross national income is more explained by fiscal policy variables than monetary policy variables which show fiscal policy is more effective than monetary policy in influencing gross national income.
Comparative longitudinal variation of total IgG and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recipients of BNT162b2 vaccination
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Salvagno Gian Luca , Henry Brandon M. , Pighi Laura , De Nitto Simone , Gianfilippi Gianluca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This article aims to summarize the 6-month variation of a vast array of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recipients of BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccination.

Methods
The study population consisted of 84 baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative healthcare employees (median age 45 years, 53.6% females), receiving mRNA-based BNT162b2 primary vaccination cycle. Blood was collected before the first and second BNT162b2 vaccine doses, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months afterwards. The serum titers of the following anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were assayed: total anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), anti-spike trimeric IgG, anti-RBD IgG and anti-spike S1 IgA.

Results
All antibodies’ levels peaked 1 month after vaccination, but then displayed a considerable decrease. The median rates of 6-month decline were −95% for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD, −85% for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, −73% for IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 and −56% for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, respectively. The median time of seronegativization was estimated at 579 days for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, 271 days for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, 264 days for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD and 208 days for IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1, respectively. The rate of seropositive subjects declined from 98–100% at the peak to 50–100% after 6 months. The inter-individual variation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reduction at 6 months was 3–44% from the peak.

Conclusions
The results of this longitudinal serosurvey demonstrate that the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies declined 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination, with median time of IgG/IgA seronegativization estimated between 7 and 9 months, thus supporting the opportunity of administering vaccine boosters approximately 5 to 6 months after the last dose of the primary vaccination cycle.