bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity‐based cost of platelet transfusions in medical and surgical inpatients at a US hospital
Authors: Hofmann Axel , Ozawa Sherri , Shander Aryeh 
Published: March 2021

Background and objectivesPrevious studies by the Cost of Blood Consensus Conference (COBCON) have used a comprehensive, standardized and generalizable activity‐based costing (ABC) model to estimate the cost of red blood cell transfusions and plasma transfusion. The objective of this study was to determine the total cost of platelet transfusions in a real‐world US hospital inpatient setting.Materials and methodsThis database analysis study retrospectively collected costs for all activities related to platelet transfusion in a single‐acute care US teaching hospital in 2017. Costs were collected in a stepwise manner using a custom ABC model which mapped the technical, administrative and clinical processes involved in the transfusion of platelets.ResultsFor the 15 024 inpatients included in the analysis, 6335 (42·2%) were given a blood type and screen, and 941 (6·3%) received a transfusion of one or more blood products. A total of 333 platelet units were transfused in 131 patients (mean 2·54 units per patient): 211 (63·4%) units in medical inpatients and 122 (36·6%) in surgical inpatients. The total cost was $1359·99 per platelet unit, corresponding to $3457·06 per inpatient. Acquisition costs made up the largest proportion of the total cost (45·1%) followed by direct and indirect overheads (38·7%) and hospital processes costs (16·3%).ConclusionThis is the first study to use an ABC costing model to determine the full cost of platelet transfusions within a US inpatient setting. This provides a useful reference point for comparisons with other transfusion products, and considerations for cost reduction.
Genome‐wide DNA and phenotypic information supports recent colonization of South American grasslands by Correndera Pipit (Aves, Motacillidae)
Authors: Norambuena Heraldo V. , van Els Paul , Victoriano Pedro F. , Knowles Lacey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnthus correndera has a wide distribution in southern South America with several subspecies assigned to the taxon. We take an integrative approach, analysing genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected using ddRAD sequencing, songs and linear morphological data, to evaluate the evolutionary history of A. correndera and divergence of each subspecies. The final genomic data set of 11,467 SNPs for 40 individuals supports a primary divergence of two main lineages: one in the Andean highlands and another in the lowlands. Estimated divergence times suggest the Andean and lowland groups diverged around 135.5 to 99 thousand years ago (Ka), whereas divergence among populations within each group was much more recent, ranging from 54.7 Ka among the Andean populations to as recent as 20.6 Ka among the lowland populations. Analyses of territorial songs showed slight differences between all operational taxonomic units; however, morphological differences were apparent only between geographically distant populations (i.e. Puna vs. South Georgia). Based on multiple lines of evidence, we propose to reduce the number of subspecies within the correndera complex to three: A. c. calcaratus on the Andean Altiplano (treating A. c. catamarcae as a junior synonym), A. c. correndera in the lowlands (treating A. c. chilensis and A. c. grayi as junior synonyms), and A. c. antarcticus on South Georgia.
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling and Vibration Analysis of Faulty Rolling Bearing Based on Collision Impact
Authors: Zheng Longkui , Xiang Yang , Sheng Chenxing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a new nonlinear dynamic model of rolling bearing faults based on a collision impact system. The dynamic model accounts for the collision impact system consisting of the rolling elements and localized faults according to the nonlinear Hertzian contact. First, considering the impact of the rolling element and fault structure, the collision impact system between rolling element and localized fault is established, and the vibration responses of the collision impact system can be obtained. Second, the overall rolling bearing is treated as a mass-spring model, and the contact between the rolling element and raceway is treated as a nonlinear spring that conforms to the Hertzian contact deformation theory. Third, according to the Lagrange equation, overall potential energy, overall kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, and kinetic energy of the collision impact system are used to describe the vibration characteristics. Considering the impact of collision impact systems, a nonlinear dynamic model of rolling bearing faults is established. The simulated acceleration results based on the nonlinear dynamic model are compared to experimental results. The comparison indicates that the numerical model can be used to predict the vibration characteristics of rolling bearings faults effectively.
Exploiting Redundancies for Workspace Enlargement and Joint Trajectory Optimization of a Kinematically Redundant Hybrid Parallel Robot
Authors: Wen Kefei , Gosselin Clément 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, possibilities for workspace enlargement and joint trajectory optimization of a (6 + 3)-degree-of-freedom kinematically redundant hybrid parallel robot are investigated. The inverse kinematic problem of the robot can be solved analytically, which is a desirable property of redundant robots, and is implemented in the investigations. A new method for detecting mechanical interferences between two links which are not directly connected is proposed for evaluating the workspace. Redundant degrees-of-freedom are optimized in order to further expand the workspace. An approach for determining the desired redundant joint coordinates is developed so that a performance index can be minimized approximately when the robot is following a prescribed Cartesian trajectory. The presented approaches are readily applicable to other kinematically redundant hybrid parallel robots proposed by the authors.
Stiffness Evaluation of an Adsorption Robot for Large-Scale Structural Parts Processing
Authors: Chen Jiakai , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Bi Weiyao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Efficient and economical processing of large-scale structural parts is in increasing need and is also a challenging issue. In this paper, an adsorption machining robot for processing of large-scale structural parts is presented. It has potential advantages in flexible, efficient, and economical processing of large-scale structural parts because of the adsorption ability. Stiffness is one of the most important performance for machining robots. In order to investigate the stiffness of the robot in the workspace, the kinematics of the adsorption manipulator, the five-axis machining manipulator, and the adsorption machining robot is derived step by step. Then with the help of finite element analysis (FEA), a stiffness modeling method considering the compliance of the base is proposed. A stiffness isotropy index is put forward to evaluate the robot’s overall stiffness performance by taking all possible working conditions into consideration. Based on the index, stiffness evaluation in the reachable workspace is carried out and an optimized workspace is identified considering the overall stiffness magnitude, stiffness isotropy, and workspace volume, which will be used in the machining process. The stiffness modeling method and stiffness isotropy index proposed in the paper are universal and can be applied to other parallel robots.
Digital Twin-Driven Human-Centered Design Frameworks for Meeting Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Onan Demirel H. , Irshad Lukman , Ahmed Salman , Tumer Irem Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a manifesto for the future design of human-made systems and engage this reflection by promoting a computational human factors engineering (HFE) approach. In this paper, we concentrate on the fact that human well-being and sustainability objectives are inseparable. Thus, this paper’s primary focus is to demonstrate a simulation-based computational design methodology, digital human-in-the-loop (D-HIL), which utilizes the digital human modeling (DHM) platform to inject HFE design principles early in design. The D-HIL methodology enables human, product, and systems data to be coupled with computational toolkits; thus, bringing opportunities for facilitating ergonomics decision-making to be part of the digital twin (DT)-driven design. We presented two frameworks originating from our recent work in D-HIL research: (1) prototyping toolbox and (2) human error and functional failure reasoning (HEFFR) as means for realizing sustainability goals through DT-based design. While our preliminary studies show that both tools show promise in terms of realizing the sustainability goals, they are limited to only goals that relate to cost. In our future work, we plan to explore models and computational tools from non-traditional engineering domains to expand our frameworks’ scope to realizing sustainability goals that go beyond cost estimations.
A Zero Trust Hybrid Security and Safety Risk Analysis Method
Authors: Papakonstantinou Nikolaos , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Linnosmaa Joonas , Hale Britta , O’Halloran Bryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Designing complex, socio-technical, cyber-physical systems has become increasingly challenging in recent years. Interdependencies between engineering domains can lead to emergent behavior that is difficult to predict and manage. The recent shift toward model-based design has demonstrated significant advantages for minimizing these challenges (McDermott et al. 2020. Benchmarking the benefits and current maturity of model-based systems engineering across the enterprise. results of the model-based systems engineering (MBSE) maturity survey, part 1: Executive summary. Technical Report SERC-2020-SR-001, Systems Engineering Research Center.). Further, the early identification of safety and security design weaknesses in safety-critical systems leads to reduced redesign costs in later design phases (Yang and EI-Haik, 2003. Design for Six Sigma. McGraw-Hill, New York City; Clausing and Frey, 2005. Improving system reliability by failure-mode avoidance including four concept design strategies. Systems Engineering, 8(3), pp. 245–261.). As a result, this article contributes the Multidisciplinary Early Design Risk Assessment Framework (MEDRAF) methodology for early combined safety and security assessment based on interdisciplinary dependency models of a system. The focus is on factors contributing to the estimation of the probabilities of successful attacks on system components. The Zero Trust paradigm is applied in which all humans, hardware, and processes interacting with the system are considered to pose a security risk. A calculation of security-related probability estimates is presented which is dependent on the current global security environment. Subsequently, security and safety probability estimates are combined to present an overall safety-security risk calculation using hybrid safety-security trees. The risk values help designers assess the loss of specific key components and safety functions. The methodology is demonstrated with a case study of a spent fuel pool cooling system in a nuclear reactor. The results of the case study show that the risk of losing one key system component doubles when combining security and safety compared to only assessing safety events. This paper is based on a paper presented at the CIE 2020 conference (Papakonstantinou et al., 2020. Towards a zero trust hybrid security and safety risk analysis method. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.).
Low Muscular Strength, Weight Status, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Pilli Nicholas M. , Kybartas Tyler J. , Lagally Kristen M. , Laurson Kelly R. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the association between muscular strength and metabolic syndrome (MetS), with a specific focus on the role of weight status, using a nationally representative sample of US youth. Methods: The analysis included 409 boys and 415 girls from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 12 and 18 years of age. The prevalence of MetS was defined using age- and sex-specific criteria for abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Strength was assessed via handgrip dynamometer and expressed as age- and sex-specific z scores of relative strength. Low strength was defined as a relative strength below the 25th percentile. Analyses controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity, and weight status. Results: The sample prevalence of MetS was approximately 5.3%. However, MetS prevalence was 18.5% in overweight/obese youth with low strength. The adjusted odds of MetS were 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.5–6.3, P < .001) times higher for overweight/obese youth with low strength versus sufficient strength. Conclusion: Muscular strength is predictive of adolescent MetS, specifically in those with unhealthy weight status. Approximately one in 5 overweight/obese youth with low strength had MetS. These findings highlight the relevance of muscular strength in youth cardiometabolic morbidities.
Impact of COVID-19 on School-Aged Male and Female Health-Related Fitness Markers
Authors: Wahl-Alexander Zachary , Camic Clayton L. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 on male and female anthropometric variables and physical performance. Methods: This study utilized a mixed (time [PRE vs POST], gender [male vs female]) methods design to examine changes in the body mass index and physical fitness performance measures prior to and following closures. Data were collected from 264 third through eighth graders. This sample consisted of 131 males and 133 females. The data was collected through anthropometric (body mass index) and physical performance measures and was analyzed with separate 2 × 2 mixed-factorial analyses of variance (time [PRE, POST] × gender [male, female]). Results: The findings indicated both males and females exhibited mean increases in the body mass index (+10.6%; 18.8–20.8 kg·m−2, P < .001, partial η2 = .627) and decreases in push-ups (−35.6%; 7.3–4.7 repetitions, P < .001, partial η2 = .371), sit-ups (−19.4%; 22.7–18.3 repetitions, P < .001, partial η2 = .420), and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test (−26.7%; 31.4–22.4 laps, P < .001, partial η2 = .644) scores from PRE to POST. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that both males and females exhibited significant anthropometric and physical performance losses during the Coronavirus disease 2019 shutdown.
Clinical and Pharmacological Considerations for Concomitant Administration of Posaconazole and Isavuconazole with Letermovir
Authors: Terrier Jean , Zanella Marie-Céline , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Kronig Ilona , Chalandon Yves , Vernaz Nathalie , Van Delden Christian , Papanicolaou Genovefa , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: March 2021

We sought in this case-control retrospective study to compare posaconazole and isavuconazole (PCZ and IVC, respectively) plasma trough concentration (
C
trough
) levels in high-risk allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients who received letermovir (LET) or not. PCZ/IVC
C
trough
levels were not found to be significantly different between cases and controls, as they were 1.31 mg/liter (median) (interquartile range [IQR], 0.90) versus 1.36 mg/liter (IQR, 1.16) (
P
= 0.31) and 3.20 mg/liter (IQR, 2.40) versus 2.35 mg/liter (IQR, 1.50) (
P
= 0.17), respectively.
Collective behavior of thermophoretic dimeric active colloids in three-dimensional bulk
Authors: Wagner Martin , Roca-Bonet Sergi , Ripoll Marisol 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColloids driven by phoresis constitute one of the main avenues for the design of synthetic microswimmers. For these swimmers, the specific form of the phoretic and hydrodynamic interactions dramatically influences their dynamics. Explicit solvent simulations allow the investigation of the different behaviors of dimeric Janus active colloids. The phoretic character is modified from thermophilic to thermophobic, and this, together with the relative size of the beads, strongly influences the resulting solvent velocity fields. Hydrodynamic flows can change from puller-type to pusher-type, although the actual flows significantly differ from these standard flows. Such hydrodynamic interactions combined with phoretic interactions between dimers result in several interesting phenomena in three-dimensional bulk conditions. Thermophilic dimeric swimmers are attracted to each other and form large and stable aggregates. Repulsive phoretic interactions among thermophobic dimeric swimmers hinder such clustering and lead, together with long- and short-ranged attractive hydrodynamic interactions, to short-lived, aligned swarming structures.Graphic Abstract
Left non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation and dynamical extensions of q-cycle sets
Authors: Castelli Marco , Catino Francesco , Stefanelli Paola 
Published: March 2021

A first aim of this paper is to give sufficient conditions on left non-degenerate bijective set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation so that they are non-degenerate. In particular, we extend the results on involutive solutions obtained by Rump in A decomposition theorem for square-free unitary solutions of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, Adv. Math. 193 (2005) 40–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2004.03.019 and answer positively a question posed by Cedó et al. in Question 4.2 in Structure monoids of set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation, preprint (2019), https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.09710 . Moreover, we develop a theory of extensions for left non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation that allows one to construct new families of set-theoretic solutions.
Precise Cache Profiling for Studying Radiation Effects
Authors: Marshall James , Gifford Robert , Bloom Gedare , Parmer Gabriel , Simha Rahul 
Published: March 2021

Increased access to space has led to an increase in the usage of commodity processors in radiation environments. These processors are vulnerable to transient faults such as single event upsets that may cause bit-flips in processor components. Caches in particular are vulnerable due to their relatively large area, yet are often omitted from fault injection testing because many processors do not provide direct access to cache contents and they are often not fully modeled by simulators. The performance benefits of caches make disabling them undesirable, and the presence of error correcting codes is insufficient to correct for increasingly common multiple bit upsets.
This work explores building a program’s cache profile by collecting cache usage information at an instruction granularity via commonly available on-chip debugging interfaces. The profile provides a tighter bound than cache utilization for cache vulnerability estimates (50% for several benchmarks). This can be applied to reduce the number of fault injections required to characterize behavior by at least two-thirds for the benchmarks we examine. The profile enables future work in hardware fault injection for caches that avoids the biases of existing techniques.
Nontrivial Solutions for 4-Superlinear Schrödinger–Kirchhoff Equations with Indefinite Potentials
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Yue 
Published: March 2021

This paper is devoted to the 4-superlinear Schrödinger–Kirchhoff equation

−

a
+
b

∫

ℝ

3

∇
u

2

d
x

Δ
u
+
V

x

u
=
f

x
,
u

,
in

ℝ

3

,

where

a
>
0

,

b
≥
0

. The potential

V

here is indefinite so that the Schrödinger operator

−
Δ
+
V

possesses a finite-dimensional negative space. By using the Morse theory, we obtain nontrivial solutions for this problem.
The Efficacy of Plantago major Seed on Liver Enzymes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Jazayeri Seyedeh Ferdows , Ghods Roshanak , Hashem Dabaghian Fataneh , Shojaii Asie , Moravej Seyed Ali Al-Hadi , Khadem Ebrahim , Seyedian Seyed Saeed 
Published: March 2021

Objective. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Plantago major (P. major) seed on liver enzymes and ultrasound patterns in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Design. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 74 patients with NAFLD were administered either 2 g P. major or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. All patients were advised to follow the recommendations for daily exercise and diet modification. Levels of liver enzymes as well as other laboratory indexes were measured at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks. Indeed, the alteration in ultrasound grade was evaluated in NAFLD patients. Results. Sixty-three participants completed the study in the intervention and control groups. The mean age of participants was 43.3 (±8.927) and 38.7 (±8.48) years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. P. major group showed significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (47.32 ± 21.77 IU/L vs. 50.03 ± 21.19,

P

= 0.021), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (28.29 ± 10.49 IU/L vs. 32.03 ± 13.30,

P

= 0.004), triglyceride (TG) (200.93 ± 106.741 mg/dl vs. 183.75 ± 73.96,

P

= 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (101.25 ± 9.27 cm vs. 101.18 ± 8.63,

P

= 0.027), and grade of fatty liver in ultrasonography (

P

= 0.038), comparing to the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and other outcomes. Conclusion. P. major supplementation with a daily dose of 2 g for 12 weeks improved serum levels of ALT, AST, and TG in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.
Do Women Require Less Permanent Pacemaker After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation? A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression
Authors: Ravaux Justine M. , Di Mauro Michele , Vernooy Kevin , Van’t Hof Arnoud W. , Veenstra Leo , Kats Suzanne , Maessen Jos G. , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: March 2021

Background
Limited clinical evidence and literature are available about the potential impact of sex on permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between sexes and atrioventricular conduction disturbances requiring PPI after TAVI.

Methods and Results

Data were obtained from 46 studies from PubMed reporting information about the impact of patient sex on PPI after TAVI. Total proportions with 95% Cls were reported. Funnel plot and Egger test were used for estimation of publication bias. The primary end point was 30‐day or in‐hospital PPI after TAVI, with odds ratios and 95% CIs extracted. A total of 70 313 patients were included, with a cumulative proportion of 51.5% of women (35 691 patients; 95% CI, 50.2–52.7). The proportion of women undergoing TAVI dropped significantly over time (
P
<0.0001). The cumulative PPI rate was 15.6% (95% CI, 13.3–18.3). The cumulative rate of PPI in women was 14.9% (95% CI, 12.6–17.6), lower than in men (16.6%; 95% CI, 14.2–19.4). The risk for post‐TAVI PPI was lower in women (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.96 [
P
=0.0022]). By meta‐regression analysis, age (
P
=0.874) and ventricular function (
P
=0.302) were not significantly associated with PPI among the sexes. Balloon‐expandable TAVI significantly decrease the advantage of women for PPI, approaching the same rate as in men (
P
=0.0061).

Conclusions
Female sex is associated with a reduced rate of PPI after TAVI, without influence of age or ventricular function. Balloon‐expandable devices attenuate this advantage in favor of women. Additional investigations are warranted to elucidate sex‐based differences in developing conduction disturbances after TAVI.