bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Secondary Poor Response to Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia: A Multicenter Audit
Authors: Tucker Harry , Osei‐Poku Foster , Ashton Diane , Lally Rachael , Jesuthasan Aaron , Latorre Anna , Bhatia Kailash P. , Alty Jane E. , Kobylecki Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) is an effective treatment for cervical dystonia. Nevertheless, up to 30% to 40% patients discontinue treatment, often because of poor response. The British Neurotoxin Network (BNN) recently published guidelines on the management of poor response to BoNT‐A in cervical dystonia, but adherence to these guidelines has not yet been assessed.ObjectivesTo assess adherence to and usefulness of BNN guidelines in clinical practice.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective medical notes audit of adherence to the BNN guidelines in 3 United Kingdom tertiary neurosciences centers.ResultsOf 76 patients identified with poor response, 42 (55%) had a suboptimal response and, following BNN recommendations, 25 of them (60%) responded to adjustments in BoNT dose, muscle selection or injection technique. Of the remaining 34 (45%) patients with no BoNT response, 20 (59%) were tested for immune resistance, 8 (40%) of whom showed resistance. Fourteen (18%) of all patients were switched to BoNT‐B, and 27 (36%) were referred for deep brain stimulation surgery. In those not immune to BoNT‐A, clinical improvement was seen in 5 (41%) after adjusting their dose and injection technique.ConclusionOur audit shows that optimizing BoNT dose or injection strategy largely led to improvements in those with suboptimal response and in those reporting no response without resistance. It would be helpful to standardize investigations of potential resistance in those with no therapeutic response.
Impact of detrusor underactivity on the postoperative outcomes after benign prostatic enlargement surgery
Authors: Plata Mauricio , Santander Jessica , Trujillo Carlos Gustavo , Bravo‐Balado Alejandra , Robledo Daniela , Higuera Tatiana , Caicedo Juan Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivePrevious studies suggest that men with detrusor underactivity (DUA) have less symptomatic improvement after prostate surgery than those with normal contractility, but the available data is controversial. We aim to determine the differences in functional outcomes of patients with or without DUA who underwent photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLight™180 W XPS.MethodsA cohort of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) who underwent PVP between 2012 and 2019 was evaluated. Patients were stratified according to bladder contractility index (BCI). DUA was defined as BCI < 100. Those with normal contractility (BCI = 100–150) were included in Group 1, and those with DUA (BCI < 100) in Group 2. Primary outcomes were symptomatic improvement defined as a reduction ≥ 4 points in the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and a reduction of at least 1 point in the quality of life (IPSS‐QoL). Complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification were also recorded.ResultsA total of 271 patients who underwent PVP with GreenLight™ and met the inclusion criteria were assessed. Group 1 included 158 patients, while Group 2 included 113 patients. Mean follow‐up was 24 months. Patients with normal contractility had a median reduction of 11 points (18.9 ± 8.0 to 7.1 ± 7.0) while patients with DUA had a median reduction of 10 points (19.3 ± 6.9 to 8.6 ± 8.4) in IPSS score; these differences were not statistically significant (p = .20). Patients in Group 1 had a 1.92 higher chance of QoL improvement (OR, 1.92; 90% CI, 1.10–3.37), compared to those in Group 2. Failure to void after PVP was most frequently reported in DUA patients (OR, 2.36; 90% CI, 1.26–4.43). Sociodemographic characteristics, intraoperative complications, conversion rates, hospital stay, and urinary catheterization time were similar between groups.ConclusionsPatients with LUTS, regardless of their BCI, improved their symptoms after PVP according to the IPSS. However, patients with DUA were more likely not to improve their QoL after the procedure and had a higher chance of failure to void in the immediate postoperative period. An appropriate counseling process with the patient discussing possible outcomes based on these findings should be encouraged.
Trends in the use and costs of intermittent urinary catheters in the Netherlands from 1997 to 2018: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Berendsen Sophie A. , van Doorn Tess , Blok Bertil F. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo obtain insight into the the use and costs of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) in the Netherlands from 1997 to 2018.MethodsFor this population‐based study, data on the use and costs of disposable catheters were provided by the Drug Information Project database. This database contains information about the Dutch insured population, which increased from 9.9 to 17.1 million persons between 1997 and 2018 (64%–100% of the Dutch population). The following trends were evaluated: (1) CIC users, (2) distribution of users by gender and age‐group, (3) distribution of users by neurogenic and non‐neurogenic cause for CIC, (4) total costs, and (5) costs per user. Total users are adjusted for the Dutch population. Costs are corrected for inflation and expressed in euros.ResultsExtramural use of CIC increased from 14,258 users in 1997 to 45,909 users in 2018. CIC users per 100,000 persons nearly tripled from 92 users to 267 users. Male CIC users almost quadrupled from 92 to 334 per 100,000 insured persons, whereas female users more than doubled from 91 to 201 per 100,000 insured persons. In 2018, 49% of the users had a non‐neurogenic cause for CIC. Total costs increased from 16.4 million euros in 1997 to 74.6 million euros in 2018. Costs per user rose from 1151 to 1624 euros (41.1%).ConclusionsThe use and costs of disposable catheters in the Netherlands increased substantially over the past two decades. Non‐neurogenic bladder patients represent 49% of the population on CIC, which has not been described before in the literature.
Cardiac medication management in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Wittekind Samuel G. , Villa Chet R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere have been significant improvements in the skeletal muscle and respiratory care for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) over the last two decades. This has resulted in longer expected survival as many patients will live into their 20s and 30s. This timeline has resulted in a greater proportion of patients experiencing heart failure and cardiac‐related mortality. Herein, we describe the current indications for medical therapy for patients with DMD.
A novel behavioral health program for family caregivers of children admitted to a transitional chronic ventilator unit
Authors: Borschuk Adrienne P. , Williams Sara E. , McClure Jessica M. , Kendall Megan , Mack Lisa , Coleman Michelle , Gurbani Neepa , Benscoter Dan , Amin Raouf , Stark Lori J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe care of mechanically ventilated pediatric patients is complex and burdensome. It is essential to adequately support the family caregivers of these children to optimize outcomes; however, there is no literature describing interventions for caregivers in this population.Research QuestionThis study described a novel behavioral health program and examined its impact on family caregiver engagement and psychological distress on a pediatric inpatient chronic ventilator unit.Study Design and MethodsElectronic chart review was completed with retrospective and prospective participant enrollment for the purposes of longitudinal evaluation of caregiver engagement. For analytic purposes, participants were grouped into three categories: (1) preprogram, (2) postprogram, and (3) postprogram with completion of psychotherapy.ResultsThe behavioral health program was associated with increased caregiver participation in rounds, t = 7.76, p = < .001. Parents who completed a course of psychotherapy within the behavioral health program demonstrated reduced time to training completion (F = 5.89; p < .01), higher staff‐rated caregiver engagement (F = 3.69; p < .05), and significantly reduced levels of caregiver distress (t = 2.09; p < .05).
Crystal Structure and Properties of an Energetic Perchlorate Complex Compound with Copper and Cytosine
Authors: Lewczuk Rafał , Rećko Judyta , Wojtulewski Sławomir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA coordination compound from copper(II) perchlorate with cytosine was synthesized. The molecule contains copper(II) cation, four cytosine ligands, and two perchlorate anions. The single crystals of the compound were grown from the methanol solution. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (Pbcnspace group) with crystal parameters: a=19.454(2) Å, b=10.185(2) Å, c=13.604(1) Å, V=2695.83(5) Å3, Z=4, and F(000)=1508 as a solvate with one methanol molecule in the asymmetric unit. It was characterized with elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (temperature of decomposition – 270.1 °C), differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy. Small‐scale safety testing was done to determine the impact and friction sensitivity. The title compound has sensitivity typical to secondary explosives (7.5 J, 230 N). Measured density and enthalpy of formation were used to calculate detonation parameters. With detonation velocity and pressure of 6132 m/s and 14.6 GPa, respectively, it has the moderate performance.
Primary Explosive Processing in the Resonant Acoustic Mixer
Authors: Beckel Eric , Oyler Karl , Mehta Neha , Khatri Natasha , Marin John , Shah Akash , Cordaro‐Gioia Emily , Decker Robert , Grau Henry , Stec Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) technology has rapidly matured for use in the defense sector. Its ability to rapidly mix even highly viscous substances through application of acoustic energy while avoiding the use of traditional blades has provided substantial leaps forward in both safety and efficiency. To date, RAM has been applied by the energetics community to a variety of secondary explosive and propellant formulations with no reported incidents; however, the technology has never been rigorously evaluated with highly sensitive energetic materials, such as primary explosives. The work described in this report was performed to facilitate the establishment of safe operating procedures for the RAM mixing of primary explosives and primary explosive formulations. Through a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach, an analysis of mixing conditions that produce an initiation event was performed, which were used to set boundaries for the safe mixing of primary explosives and primary explosive formulations. For initial trials, uncoated copper (I) 5‐nitrotetrazolate (DBX‐1) was utilized, and boundaries were set for the results of this material only.
How to use statistics to claim antagonism and synergism from binary mixture experiments
Authors: Ritz Christian , Streibig Jens C , Kniss Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe review statistical approaches applicable for the analysis of data from binary mixture experiments, which are commonly used in pesticide science for evaluating antagonistic or synergistic effects. Specifically, two different situations are reviewed, one where every pesticide is only available at a single dose level and a mixture simply combines these doses, and one where the pesticides and their mixture are used at increasing doses. The former corresponds to using factorial designs whereas the latter corresponds to fixed‐ratio designs. We consider dose addition and independent action as references for lack of antagonistic and synergistic effects. Data from factorial designs should be analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance models whereas data from fixed‐ratio designs should be analyzed using non‐linear dose–response analysis. In most cases, independent action seems the more natural choice for factorial designs. In contrast, dose addition is more appropriate for fixed‐ratio designs although dose addition is not equally compatible with all types of dose–response data. Fixed‐ratio designs should be preferred as they allow validation of the assumed dose–response relationship and, consequently, provide much stronger claims about antagonistic and synergistic effects than factorial designs. Finally, it should be noted that, in any case, simple ways of summarizing pesticide mixture effects may come at the price of more or less restrictive modeling assumptions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sex‐based differences in severity and mortality in COVID‐19
Authors: Alwani Mustafa , Yassin Aksam , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Aboumarzouk Omar M. , Nettleship Joanne , Kelly Daniel , AL‐Qudimat Ahmad R. , Shabsigh Ridwan 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe current coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has a male bias in severity and mortality. This is consistent with previous coronavirus pandemics such as SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV, and viral infections in general. Here, we discuss the sex‐disaggregated epidemiological data for COVID‐19 and highlight underlying differences that may explain the sexual dimorphism to help inform risk stratification strategies and therapeutic options.
Covid‐19 and oral diseases: Crosstalk, synergy or association?
Authors: Brandini Daniela A. , Takamiya Aline S. , Thakkar Pari , Schaller Samantha , Rahat Rani , Naqvi Afsar R. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that clinically affects multiple organs of the human body. Cells in the oral cavity express viral entry receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 that allows viral replication and may cause tissue inflammation and destruction. Recent studies have reported that Covid‐19 patients present oral manifestations with multiple clinical aspects. In this review, we aim to summarise main signs and symptoms of Covid‐19 in the oral cavity, its possible association with oral diseases, and the plausible underlying mechanisms of hyperinflammation reflecting crosstalk between Covid‐19 and oral diseases. Ulcers, blisters, necrotising gingivitis, opportunistic coinfections, salivary gland alterations, white and erythematous plaques and gustatory dysfunction were the most reported clinical oral manifestations in patients with Covid‐19. In general, the lesions appear concomitant with the loss of smell and taste. Multiple reports show evidences of necrotic/ulcerative gingiva, oral blisters and hypergrowth of opportunistic oral pathogens. SARS‐CoV‐2 exhibits tropism for endothelial cells and Covid‐19‐mediated endotheliitis can not only promote inflammation in oral tissues but can also facilitate virus spread. In addition, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in patients with Covid‐19 and oral infectious disease can impair tissue homeostasis and cause delayed disease resolution. This suggests potential crosstalk of immune‐mediated pathways underlying pathogenesis. Interestingly, few reports suggest recurrent herpetic lesions and higher bacterial growth in Covid‐19 subjects, indicating SARS‐CoV‐2 and oral virus/bacteria interaction. Larger cohort studies comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 negative and positive subjects will reveal oral manifestation of the virus on oral health and its role in exacerbating oral infection.
Flexural behavior of ultra‐high performance concrete filled high‐strength steel tube
Authors: Li Jiayue , Deng Zongcai , Sun Tong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo research the flexural performance of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) filled high‐strength steel tube (UHPCFST) and UHPC filled double skin high‐strength steel tube (UHPCFDST) under bending load, an experimental investigation was presented. In this paper, four UHPCFST specimens, one UHPCFDST with square tube inner specimen and three UHPCFDST with circular tube inner specimens were designed to evaluate the influence of steel ratio, steel yield strength, and cross‐section combination form on the flexural performance of the specimens. Experimental results indicated that the composite action between UHPC and high‐strength steel tube was efficient, all specimens showed ductile failure under pure bending load. As the steel ratio and steel yield strength increased, the ultimate flexural capacity of specimens significantly increased, but the changes of flexural stiffness were not obvious. The results also demonstrated that when the hollow section ratio was 0.535 to 0.567, the UHPCFDST with circular tube inner specimens had higher ultimate flexural capacity and ductility than the UHPCFST specimens. Compared with square inner tube, when the steel ratio was the same, circular inner tube was recommended for UHPCFDST specimens. An analytical model of ultimate flexural capacity for UHPCFST and UHPCFDST specimens was proposed. Compared with the three current codes, the accuracy of the model was proved.
Prediction on concrete splitting strength from compressive strength of drilling‐core
Authors: Yang Su‐hang , Xu Zhi‐feng , Wang Jun‐xia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCores were drilled from the panels made of different concrete mixtures. The compressive strength and splitting strength of core and cube specimens were tested at the ages of 7, 28, 60, 90, and 180 days. The effect of the diameter on concrete core splitting strength was examined. The strength correction factors were determined to convert the splitting strength of the core with diameter of 75 mm to that of the core with diameter of 100 mm. The regression analysis was carried out using experimental data to evaluate the core splitting strength as a function of the compressive strength of the concrete core. Then, the reliability of the proposed equation based on experimental data for compressive strength ranging from 20 to 80 MPa was assessed with the integral absolute error (IAE). Other existing relations between splitting strength and compressive strength of the cylinder were also evaluated with IAE, and most of the existing relations are not suitable for splitting strength of cores. The accurate power function relation formula is obtained with the test data. Only compressive test can be carried out by using drilling core samples in existing buildings, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete can be obtained simultaneously, thus the numbers of splitting tests can be reduced and the mechanical property of existing buildings can be evaluated.
A proposed scheme for the monitoring of antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens of food animals in the UK
Authors: Teale Christopher , Borriello Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global threat to both animal and public health, and detecting its occurrence is an important component of control strategies. Monitoring programmes for antibiotic resistance are currently in place in food‐producing animals in the European Union covering the zoonotic bacteria Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni and the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. However, there is no equivalent pan‐European statutory monitoring programme covering the antibiotic susceptibility of veterinary bacterial pathogens in food animals. This paper considers that issue and aims to facilitate and stimulate further discussion.Methods: Recommendations, proposed by the authors from the scientific literature and following expert discussion at international meetings, are presented for monitoring the susceptibility of key veterinary pathogens.Results: The selected veterinary pathogens comprise Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. from the major food animal species cattle, pigs and poultry. The organisms are tested using harmonised panels of antibiotics over specified dilution ranges in a broth microdilution method.Conclusion: The selected antibiotics and their respective dilution ranges are presented together with the underlying rationale for inclusion; the ranges chosen are suitable for incorporation into three microtitre plates, with each organism tested using a single plate. The recommendations are being implemented in 2020 in the UK for monitoring of the susceptibility of veterinary bacterial pathogens.
Occupational stress and coping strategies in experienced Australian veterinarians
Authors: Whitnall Vicki Margot , Simmonds Janette Graetz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Veterinarians have been identified as being at particularly high risk of stress in the workplace, this predisposes them to anxiety, depression and suicide. Previous quantitative studies have identified causes of stress and common coping strategies used by veterinarians. The current research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of veterinarian stress and ways of coping using qualitative methods.Method: Twelve practicing small animal veterinarians in Australia were recruited. They took part individually in semi‐structured research interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to design the study and to analyse the transcripts.Results: Analyses of the interview data identified an overarching theme: spending less time working in clinical settings and four main themes: Preoccupation, self‐doubt, conflicting responsibilities (between care of the animal, the human client and financial demands of the business) and insufficient support.Conclusion: The results give a deeper understanding of sources of stress and the difficulties experienced in coping. These findings can help explain why veterinarians are leaving the profession or reducing their work hours, as well as emphasize the importance of continuing education of veterinarians on self‐care and coping with stress, help with resolving ethical dilemmas, and working as a team.
Sero‐detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle, sheep and goats in selected regions of Nepal
Authors: Paudyal Narayan , Poudel Subash , Pandey Durga , Khanal Doj R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoxiella burnetii, a Gram‐negative bacterium is a zoonotic agent causing coxiellosis in animals. Small ruminants and cattle are the primary reservoirs for human infection. This study was aimed to estimate the sero‐prevalence of C. burnetii in the ruminants of the selected region in Nepal. Field visits were carried out at four sites in different geographical regions of Nepal. A total of 522 sera samples were collected from 118 sheep, 242 goats and 162 cattle with the history of abortion, anoestrus and infertility. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii using a commercially available ready‐to‐use ELISA test kit. The overall true sero‐prevalence was 1.89% (95% CI: 0.33–3.45), the prevalence ranged between 4.35% and 23.21% in goats. Sero‐prevalence in goat was higher than that of cattle and sheep which ascertained that total freedom from coxiellosis cannot be confirmed in Nepal. This could complement the impacts of other infectious causes of the infertility in the farm animals as well as the public health of the farming households.