bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Vitamin D in Increasing the Body's Immunity and Reducing Injuries due to Viral Infections: With an Emphasis on its Possible Role in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Elahe , Deravi Niloofar , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Hooshyar Dariush , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

Background:
It is known that vitamin D can increase the body’s immunity against some viral infections.
Many people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency; therefore, this has become a public concern whether
vitamin D is an important factor protecting against COVID-19 infection. In this paper, the data about the roles
of vitamin D in immunity and recovery from viral infections, especially novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-
19), are reviewed.

Methods:
The electronic databases of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Excerpta Media Database
(EMBASE), and Medical and Health Education (Medrix) were searched.

Results:
Vitamin D is considered an important factor in immune homeostasis. Various effects have been considered
for this nutrient on the immune system, particularly because of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Cytochrome
P450 Family 27 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP27B1) expression in most of the immune cells. Vitamin
D can increase cellular immunity, reduce cytokine storm, and enhance antioxidants production. It also has
modulatory effects on Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and might have protective functions
against acute lung injuries, including COVID-19 infection. However, there are some articles against this positive
effect.

Conclusion:
Vitamin D supplementation is reported to be effective in the enhancement of the immune system
and might be effective in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection, especially in those with its deficiency.
However, it should be considered that vitamin D deficiency shows the overall health status of the patients
and cannot be considered specific for COVID-19 infection.
MicroRNA, a Promising Biomarker for Breast and Ovarian Cancer: A Review
Authors: Akram Fatima , Atique Noman , Haq Ikram ul , Ahmed Zeeshan , Jabbar Zuriat , Nawaz Ali , Aqeel Amna , Akram Rabia 
Published: June 2021

Background:
MicroRNAs (miRNA) belong to the substantial class of posttranscriptional
gene regulators with decisive functions in typical cellular and disease progressions.
They are short RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but bind to the complementary
sites of various mRNAs, thus blocking them and leading to translational inhibition.

Objective:
These miRNA molecules act as signatory molecules or biomarkers for various types of
malignancies. Different miRNAs are involved in different cancer-linked pathways depending on the
nature, stage, and kind of cancer. The objective of this article is to discuss and review the role and
significance of various miRNAs in two of the most prominent cancers; breast and ovarian cancer.

Methods:
The role of miRNAs in the instigation, propagation, and metastasis of melanoma has been
elucidated.

Results:
This article focuses on the up- and down-regulation of various miRNAs in breast and ovarian
cancer, with stress on diversity in their occurrence and specificity in their threshold levels in
certain types and stages of cancer, suggesting their potential role as an effective diagnostic and
treatment tool for cancer.

Conclusion:
Considering all the aforementioned information, it can be concluded that miRNAs can
act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancers.
Parkinson’s Symptoms and Caregiver Affiliate Stigma: A Multinational Study
Authors: Henry Richard S. , Perrin Paul B. , Lageman Sarah K. , Villaseñor Teresita , Cariello Annahir N. , Pugh Mickeal , Smith Erin R. , Arroyo Monica , Zarate Alejandra , Avila Judith , Soto-Escageda Jose A. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective:
Research has documented the stigma that individuals with
degenerative neurological diseases experience, but caregivers also experience stigma by association
(i.e., affiliate stigma). In order to shed light on the stigma of caregivers of people with degenerative
neurological diseases, the current study aimed to explore cross-cultural differences in the prevalence
of Parkinson’s disease (PD) caregiver affiliate stigma, as well as the relationship between
PD symptoms and caregiver affiliate stigma. Applications for Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.

Methods:
Survey data were collected in PD clinics at public, academic medical centers. Informal
caregivers of an individual with PD from the US (n = 105) and from Mexico (n = 148) participated
in the study. Caregivers completed a questionnaire that included the MDS Unified PD Rating Scale
to describe the symptoms of the individual with PD, as well as the Affiliate Stigma Scale and demographic
information.

Results:
A series of multiple regressions was run to examine whether PD symptoms were associated
with affiliate stigma and if these differed by country. These regressions suggested that different
patterns of PD symptoms predicted affiliate stigma in each country. Stigma was higher in the US
compared to Mexico, and the relationship between bowel/bladder symptoms and affiliate stigma
was significantly stronger in the US.

Conclusions:
Symptoms of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases are related to affiliate stigma
experienced by caregivers, and these relationships may differ cross-culturally. Negative public
attitudes concerning bowl and bladder issues and the physical symptoms that accompany PD remain
a source of stigma for caregivers and families, particularly in the US. Interventions for caregivers
of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases should include strategies for coping with stigma
concerning bladder and bowel problems, as well as other physical and mental health issues.
Perilesional Lymph Node Swelling Might be a Radiologic Clue for Appendiceal Schwannoma: A Case Report
Authors: Suzuki Kunihito , Saito Kazuhiro , Yamada Takafumi , Arizono Elly , Kumita Hidehiro , Kasahara Kenta , Katsumata Kenji , Tasaki Koichiro , Matsubayashi Jun , Nagao Toshitaka 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Gastrointestinal schwannoma is not a common type of tumor, and lesions
originating from the appendix are extremely rare. Herein, we report a patient with appendiceal schwannoma
characterized by lymph node swelling.

Case report:
A 67-year-old male patient who had diabetes complained of weight loss. A computed
tomography scan revealed a mass in the right side of the pelvic cavity. Moreover, a contrast-enhanced
computed tomography scan showed perilesional lymph node swelling measuring up to 28
mm. A low-intensity mass was observed on T1-weighted imaging, heterogeneous high-intensity
mass on T2-weighted imaging, and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging. There were
no abnormal findings on colonoscopy. Based on a preoperative examination, a differential diagnosis
of either appendiceal schwannoma, carcinoid, or gastrointestinal stromal tumor was considered.
During surgery, a large appendiceal mass and multiple swollen perilesional lymph nodes were observed.
Therefore, ileocecal resection and D3 lymph node dissection were performed. Pathological
and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of appendiceal schwannoma. There
were numerous swollen lymph nodes in the mesenteric region. The lymph nodes revealed reactive
lymphoid hyperplasia, with enlarged follicles of various sizes and shapes with an irregular distribution.
Almost all lymphocytes, except those at the germinal centers, were small.

Conclusion:
Gastrointestinal schwannoma is characterized by lymph node swelling. Appendiceal
schwannoma may have characteristics, including peritumoral lymph node swelling, similar to other
types of gastrointestinal schwannoma such as that in the stomach. Thus, this characteristic can be a
diagnostic clue for appendiceal schwannoma.
Anti-Cancer Effects of Epigenetics Drugs Scriptaid and Zebularine in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Ngai Siew Ching , Yap Zhi Hung , Kong Wei Yang , Azeez Abdur Rahmaan , Fang Chee-Mun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
High relapse and metastasis progression in breast cancer patients have prompted the need to
explore alternative treatments. Epigenetic therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy due to the reversibility
of epigenome structures.

Objective:
This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of epigenetic drugs scriptaid and zebularine in human breast
adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.

Methods:
First, the half maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of scriptaid and zebularine, and the combination of
both drugs on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells were determined. Next, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7
cells were treated with IC50 of scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both. After IC50 treatments, the anti-cancer
effects were evaluated via cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies which included histochemical
staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the apoptotic genes.

Results:
Both epigenetic drugs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2 nM scriptaid, 8 μM
zebularine and a combination of 2 nM scriptaid and 2 μM zebularine. Both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells exhibited
a reduction in cell migration after the treatments. In particular, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a significant reduction in
cell migration (p < 0.05) after the treatments of zebularine and the combination of scriptaid and zebularine. Besides,
cell cycle analysis demonstrated that scriptaid and the combination of both drugs could induce cell cycle arrest at the
G0/G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, histochemical staining allowed the observation of
apoptotic features, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin
fragmentation and cytoplasmic extension, in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after the treatments. Further, apoptotic
studies revealed the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and elevation of
Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with zebularine and MCF-7 cells treated with all drug regimens.

Conclusion:
Collectively, these findings suggest that scriptaid and zebularine are potential anti-cancer drugs, either
single or in combination, for the therapy of breast cancer. Further investigations of the gene regulatory pathways directed
by scriptaid and zebularine are definitely warranted in the future.
Demethylzeylasteral Exerts Antitumor Effects via Disruptive Autophagic Flux
and Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells and Increases Cell
Chemosensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Pang Yi , Liu Guiyuan , Lai Dengxiang , Jiang Yi , Yang Hongjing , Zhao Hui , Zhang Yonghui , Liu Dan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Demethylzeylasteral (ZST93), a pharmacologically active triterpenoid monomer extracted
from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been reported to exert antineoplastic effects in several
cancer cell types. However, the anti-tumour effects of ZST93 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are unknown.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of ZST93 on cell cycle arrest,
disruptive autophagic flux, apoptotic cell death and enhanced chemosensitivity to 5-FU in human CRC cells.

Methods:
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay,
flow cytometry, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay
and autophagy analysis were used to evaluate the effects of ZST93 on cell viability, cell cycle progression,
apoptosis and autophagy in two human CRC cell lines. Moreover, ZST93’s combined anti-tumour effects with
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated.

Results:
ZST93 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and growth. It was responsible for blocked cell cycle transition
by arresting CRC cells in the G0/G1 phase via down-regulation of CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin D1 and c-MYC.
Moreover, ZST93 induced suppressive autophagic flux and caspase-3-dependent cell death, which was further
strengthened by the blocking of the autophagy process using chloroquine (CQ). Moreover, ZST93 enhanced
CRC cells’ chemosensitivity to 5-FU via modulation of autophagy and apoptosis.

Conclusion:
ZST93 exerts anti-tumor effects via disruptive autophagic flux and apoptotic cell death in human
CRC cells and increases cell chemosensitivity to 5-FU. These results provide insights into the utilisation of
ZST93 as an adjuvant or direct autophagy inhibitor and suggest ZST93 as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating
CRC.
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS IT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMK BIDANG OTOMOTIF DI SLEMAN DAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fatah Amir , Sudiyanto Sudiyanto 
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan media berbasis IT lebih tinggi dari pada pembelajaran yang menggunakan media non IT. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Perlakuan berupa penggunaan media berbasis IT dan media non IT untuk pembelajaran Sistem Kelistrikan, Chasis, dan Las Cair Busur Listrik Elektroda Terbungkus. Subyek penelitian diambil dari siswa SMK kelas XI dari tiga sekolah.di Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Magelang. Setiap sekolah diambil dua rombongan belajar sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas control. Penetuan subyek penelitian dilakukan secara propursive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan post test dan observasi. Validasi instrumen dilakukan oleh pakar Perguruan Tinggi dan SMK. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan Uji Jenjang Wilconxon. Hasil penelitian menujukkan rerata aktivitas belajar siswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran pada kelas kontrol (dengan media berbasis non IT) antara cukup-baik (skore 67.00; 74.25, dan 63.13), sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen(dengan media berbasis IT) termasuk baik (skore 74.50; 73.25; dan 75.00). Penggunaan media berbasis IT dalam pembelajaran tidak semua dapat membuat aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa lebih tinggi dari pada kelas yang menggunakan media berbasis non IT.Kata kunci: Media Berbasis IT, Aktivitas Belajar, Prestasi Belajar
KESADARAN BERLALU LINTAS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rabiman Rabiman , Handoyono Nurcholish Arifin 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine: 1) The level of safety riding for students of Mechanical Engineering Education; and 2) The level of eco riding for students of Mechanical Engineering Education. The type of research used is descriptive. The research population was all students of Mechanical Engineering Education at The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. The sample was taken using the Stratified random sampling technique which found 199 students. The instrument used is a multiple choice test to measure the level of safety riding and the level of eco riding. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics. The result results showed that: 1) The level of safety riding for students of Mechanical Engineering Education was categorized very hight with an average value of 24,78; and 2) 1) The level of eco riding for students of Mechanical Engineering Education was categorized very hight with an average value of 6,85.
Design and Implementation of an Informatics Infrastructure for Standardized Data Acquisition, Transfer, Storage, and Export in Psychiatric Clinical Routine: Feasibility Study
Authors: Blitz Rogério , Storck Michael , Baune Bernhard T , Dugas Martin , Opel Nils 
Published: June 2021

Background
Empirically driven personalized diagnostic applications and treatment stratification is widely perceived as a major hallmark in psychiatry. However, databased personalized decision making requires standardized data acquisition and data access, which are currently absent in psychiatric clinical routine.

Objective
Here, we describe the informatics infrastructure implemented at the psychiatric Münster University Hospital, which allows standardized acquisition, transfer, storage, and export of clinical data for future real-time predictive modelling in psychiatric routine.

Methods
We designed and implemented a technical architecture that includes an extension of the electronic health record (EHR) via scalable standardized data collection and data transfer between EHRs and research databases, thus allowing the pooling of EHRs and research data in a unified database and technical solutions for the visual presentation of collected data and analyses results in the EHR. The Single-source Metadata ARchitecture Transformation (SMA:T) was used as the software architecture. SMA:T is an extension of the EHR system and uses module-driven engineering to generate standardized applications and interfaces. The operational data model was used as the standard. Standardized data were entered on iPads via the Mobile Patient Survey (MoPat) and the web application Mopat@home, and the standardized transmission, processing, display, and export of data were realized via SMA:T.

Results
The technical feasibility of the informatics infrastructure was demonstrated in the course of this study. We created 19 standardized documentation forms with 241 items. For 317 patients, 6451 instances were automatically transferred to the EHR system without errors. Moreover, 96,323 instances were automatically transferred from the EHR system to the research database for further analyses.

Conclusions
In this study, we present the successful implementation of the informatics infrastructure enabling standardized data acquisition and data access for future real-time predictive modelling in clinical routine in psychiatry. The technical solution presented here might guide similar initiatives at other sites and thus help to pave the way toward future application of predictive models in psychiatric clinical routine.
Needs and Experiences of Users of Digital Navigation Tools for Mental Health Treatment and Supportive Services: Survey Study
Authors: Stafford Elizabeth , Brister Teri , Duckworth Ken , Rauseo-Ricupero Natali , Lagan Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Background
Despite a recent proliferation in web-based and digital resources that are designed to assist users in finding appropriate mental health treatment and supportive services, it can be overwhelming, confusing, and difficult for an individual or family member to access and use an appropriate navigation tool. As digital resources are increasingly sought after, there is an urgent need for a clearer understanding of digital navigation tools in order to help link individuals with the tool that is best suited to their needs.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the needs of individuals seeking mental health treatment and supportive services and to quantify their experiences and satisfaction with available digital navigation tools.

Methods
A survey was offered via an email newsletter and social media posting throughout the extended membership of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, which includes both individuals with a mental health condition and their family members and support networks. A 13-item anonymous survey, which consisted of multiple-choice and open response options, was developed to measure participants’ past use of and experiences with web-based, mobile, and phone-based navigation tools. The survey was available from April 9 through May 21, 2020.

Results
A total of 478 respondents completed the survey; the majority of respondents were female (397/478, 83.1%) and aged ≥35 years (411/478, 86%). Younger respondents were more likely to report seeking mental health services for themselves, while older respondents were more likely to be searching for such services on behalf of a family member. The majority of respondents seeking such services on behalf of a family member (113/194, 58.2%) required a combination of mental health treatment and supportive services. Furthermore, two-thirds of respondents (322/478, 67.4%) used a navigation tool to find treatment or services. The majority of respondents who provided feedback about their experiences with navigation tools (224/280, 80%) reported difficulties, with data availability and accuracy being the most commonly reported issues.

Conclusions
The survey results suggest that issues with data availability and accuracy in available navigation tools remain a major barrier for locating timely and appropriate mental health treatment and supportive services within the population of individuals seeking such services. Particularly for individuals seeking care on behalf of a family member, improving the accuracy of and users’ experiences with navigation tools could have a major impact on effectively connecting people to treatment and support services.
Private Investigations and Self-Disclosure of Suspected Fraud: Experimental Evidence on Forensic Accounting Services
Authors: Friedrich Christian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
When a company internally suspects material fraud, it faces difficult choices. It can choose to investigate internally or engage an external specialist. Additionally, it can choose to disclose the investigation or take the risk that the investigation is leaked to the public. I analyze whether the choice to engage an external specialist, rather than investigate internally, changes investors' willingness to invest in the company. I argue that, when engaging external specialists, disclosure choices matter. Conceptualizing the engagement of external specialists as an external credibility signal, I hypothesize that, when engaging external specialists, self-disclosure increases investors' willingness to invest compared to when the press reveals the investigation. Results from a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with 128 non-professional investors support my hypothesis. This suggests that aligning a signal of credible investigation efforts with forthcoming disclosure could be beneficial. Hence, companies conducting genuine investigations could benefit from resisting temptation of nondisclosure.