bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bile acid–farnesoid X receptor–fibroblast growth factor 19 axis in patients with short bowel syndrome: The randomized, glepaglutide phase 2 trial
Authors: Hvistendahl Mark Krogh , Naimi Rahim Mohammad , Hansen Svend Høime , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Kissow Hannelouise , Pedersen Jens , Dragsted Lars Ove , Sonne David Peick , Knop Filip Krag , Jeppesen Palle Bekker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe gut‐liver axis and enterohepatic circulation have gained increasing attention lately. Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are, in fact, human knock‐out models that may assist in the understanding of bile acid synthesis and regulation.We evaluated effect of glepaglutide (a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog) on bile acid synthesis (the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and liver biochemistry in patients with SBS).MethodIn a single‐center, double‐blinded, dose‐finding, crossover phase 2 trial, 18 patients with SBS were randomly assigned to 2 of 3 treatment arms (0.1, 1, and 10 mg) with daily subcutaneous injections of glepaglutide for 3 weeks. The washout period between the 2 treatment periods was 4–8 weeks. Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of each treatment period and included postprandial plasma samples for fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4), total excretion of fecal bile acids, gene expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in intestinal mucosal biopsies, total plasma bile acids, and liver biochemistry.ResultsCompared with baseline, the median (interquartile range) postprandial response (area under the curve 0–2h) of FGF19 increased by 150 h × ng/L (41, 195; P = 0.001) and C4 decreased by 82 h × µg/L (−169, −28; p = 0.010) in the 10‐mg dose. FXR gene expression did not change in any of the groups. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased.ConclusionGlepaglutide may stimulate the bile acid/FXR/FGF19 axis, leading to increased plasma concentrations of FGF19. Thereby, glepaglutide may ameliorate the accelerated de novo bile acid synthesis and play a role in the prevention and/or treatment of intestinal failure–associated liver disease.
Catheter‐related infection rates in patients receiving customized home parenteral nutrition compared with multichamber bags
Authors: Crooks Benjamin , Harrison Simon , Millward Graham , Hall Kirsty , Taylor Michael , Farrer Kirstine , Abraham Arun , Teubner Antje , Lal Simon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of bloodstream infections may be increased in hospitalized patients receiving ready‐made parenteral nutrition (PN) multichamber bags (MCBs) compared with customized PN; however, as highlighted in recent international guidelines, there are no comparable data relating to home PN (HPN).MethodsData from a prospectively maintained database were analyzed to compare incidence rates of catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) between patients receiving customized HPN compared with MCB HPN at a national UK referral center between May 2018 and August 2020.ResultsSixty patients with chronic intestinal failure were commenced on MCBs and 45 received customized HPN for a total of 5914 and 7641 catheter days, respectively. No difference in CRBSI incidence was found (0.51/1000 catheter days for MCBs, 0.39/1000 catheter days for customized HPN; incidence rate ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.26–6.37). Eighteen patients were switched from customized HPN to MCB HPN. The study period covered 7401 catheter days receiving customized HPN and 4834 days on MCBs. No significant change was noted in the CRBSI rates following this switch (0.27/1000 catheter days receiving customized HPN vs 0.21/1000 catheter days on MCBs; incidence rate ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.12–14.3).ConclusionThe use of MCBs for HPN patients is not associated with an increased risk of CRBSI. This study will inform international guidelines and provide reassurance for the continued, safe use of MCB HPN.
Efficacy of a harvest graft substitute for recession coverage and soft tissue volume augmentation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Janakievski Jim , Scheyer E. Todd , Velásquez Diego , Gunsolley John C. , Heard Rick H. , Morelli Thiago 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG) with coronally advanced flap (CTG+CAF) is the "gold standard" for recession defect coverage; however, researchers continue to pursue lower morbidity, more convenient and unlimited supply harvest graft substitutes, including those that could provide soft tissue volume augmentation.MethodsA randomized, controlled, double‐masked comparison of a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) versus CTG was conducted at four clinical investigation sites. Single, contralateral, within patient matched‐pair, RT1 recession defects were treated with VCMX+CAF (test) and CTG+CAF (control). The primary efficacy end point was percent root coverage at 6 months. Secondary efficacy end points included clinical measures such as soft tissue volume, attachment level, and keratinized tissue width. Patient‐reported outcomes included measures such as discomfort, esthetics, and overall satisfaction; 6‐month end point results were followed for 1 year.ResultsThirty patients received control and test therapies, and all patients were available for follow‐up measures. Average percent root coverage for CTG+CAF was 90.5% ± 14.87% versus 70.7% ± 28.26% for VCMX+CAF, P <0.0001. Both therapies produced significant soft tissue volume increases (84.8 ± 47.43 mm3 control versus 48.90 ± 35.58 mm3 test, P = 0.0006). The test, harvest graft substitute produced less postoperative pain and was preferred by patients at the 6‐month end point. All other end point measures were not significantly different.ConclusionsVCMX+CAF root coverage was inferior to CTG+CAF but produced less morbidity and was preferred by patients. Case/patient selection and surgical technique appear key to achieving successful results with the harvest graft alternative.
An evaluation of pharmacist activity in hospital outpatient clinics
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , Draper Megan J. , Barras Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultidisciplinary healthcare teams embedded into outpatient clinics enhance patient outcomes; it is therefore important that when medications are a focus of treatment in these clinics that clinical pharmacists are included in the team. At the start of the 2019/2020 financial year, the Princess Alexandra Hospital added 13 clinic pharmacist positions to their outpatient services. The aim of this study is to describe the results of a retrospective appraisal of the contents of clinical notes written by pharmacists in these outpatient clinics during the first two months. This appraisal is a preliminary investigation into the activities undertaken in these new clinic roles. A sample of notes was randomly selected from each clinic. Data included the number and type of activities undertaken by the pharmacists and the recommendations they recorded in their notes. It was found that of the 249 clinic pharmacist notes that were assessed, new patients made up 75.5% of the cohort. Recommendations were documented in 91 (37%) notes and included both dose adjustments to promote the judicious use of medicines and advice on how to withhold medications prior to surgical procedures. Although the results are preliminary, it is expected that the patients and hospital will benefit from embedding these pharmacists in these outpatient clinics; however, further research is required. Additionally, further standardisation of clinic pharmacist notes will improve future evaluation of these roles and allow for clearer conclusions to be drawn regarding the clinical benefits for patients and the hospital from the addition of clinical pharmacists in outpatient clinics.
Structural insights into the distinctive RNA recognition and therapeutic potentials of RIG‐I‐like receptors
Authors: Batool Maria , Kim Moon Suk , Choi Sangdun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRNA viruses, including the coronavirus, develop a unique strategy to evade the host immune response by interrupting the normal function of cytosolic retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLRs). RLRs rapidly detect atypical nucleic acids, thereby triggering the antiviral innate immune signaling cascade and subsequently activates the interferons transcription and induction of other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Nonetheless, these receptors are manipulated by viral proteins to subvert the host immune system and sustain the infectivity and replication potential of the virus. RIG‐I senses the single‐stranded, double‐stranded, and short double‐stranded RNAs and recognizes the key signature, a 5′‐triphosphate moiety, at the blunt end of the viral RNA. Meanwhile, the melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5) is triggered by longer double stranded RNAs, messenger RNAs lacking 2′‐O‐methylation in their 5′‐cap, and RNA aggregates. Therefore, structural insights into the nucleic‐acid‐sensing and downstream signaling mechanisms of these receptors hold great promise for developing effective antiviral therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the critical roles played by RLRs in viral infections as well as their ligand recognition mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the crosstalk between the toll‐like receptors and RLRs and provide a comprehensive overview of RLR‐associated diseases as well as the therapeutic potential of RLRs for the development of antiviral‐drugs. Moreover, we believe that these RLR‐based antivirals will serve as a step toward countering the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Sensor interrogation technique with multi‐wavelength laser based microwave photonic filter
Authors: Dai Weiyu , Wang Haoran , Fu Hongyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we have proposed and demonstrated a sensing interrogation scheme of microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on multi‐wavelength fiber laser (MWFL). A Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (FMZI) acts as the wavelength selective component in the laser cavity as well as the sensing element. An erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are employed as hybrid gain medium to suppress the homogeneous broadening of erbium doped fiber. The MWFL is employed as the optical source to implement the MPF together with a dispersive medium. The free spectrum range of interference pattern of the FMZI changes with the temperature variation, thus changing the central frequency of MPF's passbands. The sensitivities are −12.23 and 6.11 MHz/°C, respectively, when the sensing optical fiber with the length of 2.2 and 1.1 m are used.
Study on 13.56‐MHz out‐to‐in body channel and its coexistence with human body communication for capsule endoscope
Authors: Jung Jaehyo , Li Meina , Kim Youn Tae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA capsule endoscope transmits images of the digestive organs from the inside to the outside of the body. For in‐to‐out body transmission, a capsule endoscope can use human body communication (HBC) instead of radio frequency (RF). However, an HBC endoscope does not transmit in the opposite direction (i.e., out‐to‐in body transmission). In this study, out‐to‐in body transmission using HBC at 13.56 MHz was investigated, and the results are presented herein. The coexistence between the 13.56‐MHz out‐to‐in body transmission and HBC was investigated through channel measurement and bit error rate (BER) analysis. The use of 13.56 MHz is advantageous because out‐to‐in body transmission can be easily implemented using various existing chip solutions that have been developed for 13.56‐MHz radio‐frequency identification (RFID).
Compact combined antenna for high‐power ultrawideband radiation sources with subnanosecond pulse duration
Authors: Balzovsky Evgeny , Buyanov Yury , Koshelev Vladimir , Nekrasov Eduard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the design of a combined antenna, optimized in numerical calculations to radiate high‐power bipolar pulses with a duration of 0.5 ns. According to the results of the calculations, a compact antenna with the dimensions of 60 × 65 × 55 mm3 (width × height × length) was made. The influence of a high‐voltage insulator position relative to the antenna input on the matching band of the antenna with the coaxial feeder is shown. In the absence of an isolator, the matching band is in the range of 0.98–9.33 GHz. The antenna efficiency by the peak electric field strength and the energy efficiency are equal to 0.75–0.8 and 0.9, respectively.
Comparison of convolutional neural networks for detecting large vessel occlusion on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Remedios Lucas W. , Lingam Sneha , Remedios Samuel W. , Gao Riqiang , Clark Stephen W. , Davis Larry T. , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeArtificial intelligence diagnosis and triage of large vessel occlusion may quicken clinical response for a subset of time‐sensitive acute ischemic stroke patients, improving outcomes. Differences in architectural elements within data‐driven convolutional neural network (CNN) models impact performance. Foreknowledge of effective model architectural elements for domain‐specific problems can narrow the search for candidate models and inform strategic model design and adaptation to optimize performance on available data. Here, we study CNN architectures with a range of learnable parameters and which span the inclusion of architectural elements, such as parallel processing branches and residual connections with varying methods of recombining residual information.MethodsWe compare five CNNs: ResNet‐50, DenseNet‐121, EfficientNet‐B0, PhiNet, and an Inception module‐based network, on a computed tomography angiography large vessel occlusion detection task. The models were trained and preliminarily evaluated with 10‐fold cross‐validation on preprocessed scans (n = 240). An ablation study was performed on PhiNet due to superior cross‐validated test performance across accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score. The final evaluation of all models was performed on a withheld external validation set (n = 60) and these predictions were subsequently calibrated with sigmoid curves.ResultsUncalibrated results on the withheld external validation set show that DenseNet‐121 had the best average performance on accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score. After calibration DenseNet‐121 maintained superior performance on all metrics except recall.ConclusionsThe number of learnable parameters in our five models and best‐ablated PhiNet directly related to cross‐validated test performance—the smaller the model the better. However, this pattern did not hold when looking at generalization on the withheld external validation set. DenseNet‐121 generalized the best; we posit this was due to its heavy use of residual connections utilizing concatenation, which causes feature maps from earlier layers to be used deeper in the network, while aiding in gradient flow and regularization.
Acupuncture in addition to standard conservative treatment for overactive bladder; a feasibility trial for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hargreaves Emma , Harding Chris , Clarkson Carl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to assess the feasibility of an randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test treatment efficacy of acupuncture for symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), a common long‐term condition with physical, psychological, social and sexual consequences.MethodsA total of 30 participants were recruited and randomized to either standard conservative management for OAB or standard conservative management plus acupuncture. Standard care consisted of individually tailored advice regarding bladder health, pelvic floor exercises and lifestyle adjustments. The intervention group received 6 sessions of acupuncture over an 8‐week period. Outcomes measured included adherence to the study protocol, recruitment rate, participant attrition rate and adverse events. A 3‐day bladder diary and Incontinence Questionnaire—short form questionnaire were used to assess symptoms. The ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults measure was used to assess well‐being. Outcomes were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention and 6 weeks after completing intervention. An exit questionnaire captured participant experience data.ResultsComparison of the two groups at baseline did not detect statistically significant differences in demographics and symptom profile. A total of 23 participants completed all study proceedures. Recruitment was completed in 11 months, quicker than anticipated. No serious adverse events occurred; minor adverse events were recorded in 11/114 (9.6%) treatments. A total of seven participants failed to complete one or more study proceedures with an overall attrition rate of 23.3%.ConclusionsMost participants completed all aspects of the study and found the protocol acceptable. The interventions appear safe and well tolerated. The concept of a large‐scale RCT with a similar protocol was proven and appears feasible based on this pilot work.
“Novice nurse and novel coronavirus”—experiences of novice nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Thailand
Authors: Sarnkhaowkhom Chawapon , Promkanya Anucha , Pomisrikeaw Siriluk , Ritthapanya Nutchaporn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences of novice nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Thailand.DesignA qualitative descriptive research.MethodsThe experiences of twelve novice nurses were explored through in‐depth interviews, telephone and video conferencing interviews. All interviews were recorded, verbatim transcribed and analysed by thematic content analysis.ResultsThe findings fell into five main themes as follows: from novice nurses to nurse who care for COVID‐19 patients; various learning methods focused on providing care to COVID‐19 patients; work experiences and confrontations with COVID‐19; various feelings that arise when being a nurse caring for patients with COVID‐19; the power of novice nurse to bring along positive changes.ConclusionsThe study provides an understanding of novice nurses’ experiences when caring for COVID‐19 patients. It also highlights the stress, fear and anxiety of novice nurses during the pandemic and suggests novice nursing practice training systems to enhance their familiarity and confidence when dealing with situations during the pandemic. The novice nurses were found to demonstrate a large amount of self‐determination and possess several technological skills and innovative abilities to improve the nursing practice and quality of care.
Multierror stochastic gradient algorithm for identification of a Hammerstein system with random noise and its application in the modeling of a continuous stirring tank reactor
Authors: Jing Shaoxue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, a stochastic gradient algorithm based on the minimum Shannon entropy is proposed to identify a type of Hammerstein system with random noise. Firstly, the probability density function is estimated by a parzen window based on the Gaussian kernel. Then, the traditional stochastic gradient algorithm is adopted to estimate the parameters. However, the traditional stochastic gradient algorithm converges quite slowly. To fasten the algorithm, a multierror method is integrated into the algorithm. In this multierror gradient algorithm, the scalar error is replaced by a vector error. This vector error can accelerate the algorithm greatly and give a more accurate estimate by using the same data set. Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated by a numerical example and an industrial process. The estimation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain more accurate estimates than the traditional gradient algorithm and has a faster convergence speed.
Notions of (In)Dependence at a Papua New Guinean University
Authors: Syndicus Ivo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores notions of interpersonal dependence and personal independence voiced by university students, graduates, and staff in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It discusses how those obtaining a university education to become regular wage earners reflect on navigating the financial requests of less privileged kin. Wage earners often ascribe dependence to these kin and former sponsors who subsequently may rely on them in times of need. As the number of putatively dependent kin are often large, the process of social stratification that university‐educated wage earners experience also gives rise to reflections about social welfare systems that underlie or could potentially alleviate specific constellations of perceived dependence. Ascriptions of dependence as discussed in this article highlight the combination of the dynamic circumstances of ongoing social stratification and nation‐making with increased levels of connectivity through transport and mobile phone infrastructure, leading an emerging middle class to reconsider some of their social connections.
Asian stock markets, a decade after global recession, coupled or decoupled?
Authors: T. G. Saji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the dynamics of price integration among Asian financial markets during the postfinancial crisis period. We employ the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test to analyze the long‐run relationships, and the nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) test to explore asymmetries in the stock price behavior. The cointegration results could not produce any conclusive evidence of long‐run relations between stock markets. The estimated NARDL model affirms the presence of asymmetries in the stock price behavior. Namely, in the long run, we find a significant relation among stock price decreases of some markets while the long‐run relations among price increases are almost absent. Furthermore, in the short run, only negative changes in the stock price exert significant influences on the price performance of peers. This study improves the previous research in the area by testing the asymmetric effects of stock price integration on portfolio optimizations for global investors.
Influence of the hydrophilicity of montmorillonite on structure and properties of thermoplastic wheat starch/montmorillonite bionanocomposites
Authors: Derungs Irene , Rico Maite , López Joaquín , Barral Luis , Montero Belén , Bouza Rebeca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increasing environmental pollution with petroleum‐based plastics has advanced research on biodegradable polymers. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is one promising candidate due to wide availability from various renewable sources, low cost and biodegradability. However, TPS has significant shortcomings, as high water sensitivity and low mechanical properties. An approach to overcome these drawbacks is adding nanofillers as reinforcement of the starch matrix. Among the nanofillers, montmorillonite clays have the advantages of a wide availability, low cost, versatility and environmental friendliness. Bionanocomposites based on wheat starch plasticized with glycerol and reinforced with three types of montmorillonite nanoclays, one natural (Cloisite Na+) and two organomodified (Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 10A), were prepared by melt processing. The effect of nanoclay type and amount on processing properties, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and water absorption was widely investigated. The properties strongly depended on the dispersion state of the nanoclay in the TPS matrix. The dispersion improved with the hydrophilicity of the nanoclay. Cloisite Na+, the most hydrophilic nanoclay, was the most effective in reinforcing TPS, improving the thermal stability and the dynamic mechanical properties, and showing a greater resistance to water absorption in normal humidity environments. Bionanocomposites of TPS andCloisite Na+ can be a good alternative for use in packaging applications.