bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update on fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Waller Karen M. J. , Leong Rupert W. , Paramsothy Sudarshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the microbiome and its implications for human health and disease continues to develop. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now an established treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. There is also increasing evidence for the efficacy of FMT in inducing remission for mild–moderate ulcerative colitis. However, for other indications, data for FMT are limited, with randomized controlled trials rare, typically small and often conflicting. Studies are continuing to explore the role of FMT for many other conditions, including Crohn's disease, functional gut disorders, metabolic syndrome, modulating responses to chemotherapy, eradication of multidrug resistant organisms, and the gut–brain axis. In light of safety, logistical, and regulatory challenges, there is a move to standardized products including narrow spectrum consortia. However, the mechanisms underpinning FMT remain incompletely understood, including the role of non‐bacterial components, which may limit success of novel microbial approaches.
Advancing nutrition measurement: Developing quantitative measures of nutrition service quality for pregnant women and children in low‐ and middle‐income country health systems
Authors: King Shannon E. , Sheffel Ashley , Heidkamp Rebecca , Xu Yvonne Yiru , Walton Shelley , Munos Melinda K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe health sector plays an important role in the delivery of high‐quality nutrition interventions to women and children in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, there are no standardized approaches to defining and measuring nutrition service quality in these contexts. This study aims to systematically develop quality of care indices for direct health systems nutrition interventions using a five‐step process: (1) identify recommended interventions for inclusion in indices, (2) extract service readiness, provision of care, and experience of care items from intervention‐specific clinical guidelines, (3) map items to data available in global health facility surveys, (4) conduct an expert survey to prioritize interventions and items, and (5) use findings from previous steps to propose quality of care metrics. Thirty‐two recommended interventions were identified, for which the guidelines review yielded 763 unique items that were reviewed by experts. The proposed nutrition quality of care indices for pregnant women reflects eight interventions and the indices for children under 5 reflects six interventions. The indices provide a standardized measure for nutrition intervention quality and can be operationalized using existing health facility assessment data, facilitating their use by LMIC decision makers for planning and resource allocation.
Island communities and disaster resilience: Applying the EnRiCH community resilience framework
Authors: Snyder Audrey , Matthew Stephanie , Leahy Nancy , Gaul Raiden , Hood Tiffany Lee , Hijmans Kyler , Milbrath Gwyneth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the beliefs, attitudes, and perspectives of community resilience in St. Kitts and Nevis.DesignQualitative Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis using the EnRiCH Community Resilience Framework for High‐Risk Populations (EnRiCH Framework) to identify factors that enhance or create barriers to community resilience to disasters in St. Kitts and Nevis.SampleTwenty‐one key informants and 23 community informants provided insight into the history of disasters.ResultsUnique strengths and barriers that significantly influenced this high‐risk population's adaptive capacity were identified. A discrepancy between the way disaster preparedness was perceived by government officials and the local population was noted. Cultural factors promoted connectedness and communication and created barriers to empowerment and collaboration. Innovative strategies were suggested that could enhance upstream leadership, downstream management, and resource management during disasters.ConclusionsIsland communities represent a unique opportunity to examine risk reduction and vulnerability within the context of community and societal characteristics. This research addresses a significant gap in the literature on interventions that utilize a strengths‐based approach to building adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters among at‐risk populations. The EnRiCH Framework can be used to develop an approach to strengthen adaptive capacity and improve resilience to disasters.
Historical and recent tomato black ring virus and beet ringspot virus isolate genomes reveal interspecies recombination and plant health regulation inconsistencies
Authors: Fowkes Aimee , Adams Ian P. , Jones Roger A. C. , Fox Adrian , McGreig Sam , Boonham Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTomato black ring virus (TBRV) and beet ringspot virus (BRSV) are closely related but distinct members of subgroup B of the genus Nepovirus. Both viruses have broad host ranges and are transmitted by seed, pollen, and ectoparasitic nematodes. Although 13 TBRV and 3 BRSV genome sequences were already available, no attempt has been made to link sequence data from these recent sequences with those of historical isolates studied in the pre‐sequencing era. High‐throughput sequencing was used to generate eight new TBRV and BRSV genome sequences from three historical >60‐year‐old and two >30‐year‐old isolates, and three more recent isolates. These eight isolates were from the Czech Republic, Germany, and the UK. We compared these with all genomes sequenced previously. Intraspecies recombination (three of four TBRV and two of four BRSV isolates) was frequent amongst the eight new genomes. Interspecies recombination was also present within the RNA1 of TBRV isolates BRSV‐3393 SG GB and BRSV‐9888 ST GB. No satellite RNAs were associated with the eight new genomes. Two commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits used to detect TBRV during routine testing differed in that one detected only TBRV and the other only BRSV, so they are likely to provide incorrect but potentially complementary virus occurrence information. We suggest both ELISA kits, or appropriate molecular tests, be used by biosecurity authorities to avoid this problem. This study illustrates the value of sequencing historical isolates preserved from the pre‐sequencing era.
Fanconi anemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A case report with a 12‐year follow‐up
Authors: Macedo Larissa Fernanda dos Santos Lima , Domaneschi Carina , Miguita Luiz Lucyene , Peres Maria Paula Siqueira de Melo , Franco Juliana Bertoldi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFanconi anemia is a rare disorder resulting from defects in genes responsible for DNA damage responses. It is characterized by congenital anomalies, aplastic anemia, and a predisposition to cancer. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the only curative treatment available for bone marrow failure; however, HSCT increases oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. Here we report the case of a patient diagnosed with Fanconi anemia in childhood who was treated with HSCT and later diagnosed with multiple OSCCs during a 12‐year follow‐up. Despite multiple surgical interventions and radiotherapy regimens, the patient`s health deteriorated. Management of individuals with Fanconi anemia is challenging and must be provided by a multidisciplinary healthcare team to ensure better staging, treatment planning, and coordination.
Hemodiafiltration improves red blood cell lifespan in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Jiang Ying , Li Jiu‐Hong , Luo Jun‐Feng , Han Quan‐Sheng , Zhu Sheng‐Lang , Ma Yong‐Jian , Zhang Hou‐De 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionUremic toxin‐induced shortening of red blood cell (RBC) lifespan is an important mechanism of anemia in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Conventional hemodialysis does not improve RBC lifespan; the efficacy of hemodiafiltration (HDF) for alleviating RBC lifespan has not yet been evaluated in patients with ESRD.MethodsTwenty‐three patients with ESRD in maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled. Baseline data for sex, age, dialysis vintage, pre‐dialysis hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), single pool Kt/V (spKt/V), and plasma indophenol sulfate (IS) were collected. RBC lifespans before and after one session of HDF were compared. The resultant differences were subjected to correlational analyses with baseline data.ResultsRBC lifespan increased from 73 (66, 89) days at baseline to 77 (71, 102) days after a single HDF treatment (p = 0.034). Meanwhile, plasma IS concentration decreased from 113.05 (80.67, 133.05) mg/L to 83.87 (62.98, 96.78) mg/L (p < 0.001). RBC lifespan increases correlated negatively with Hb levels.ConclusionsA single HDF treatment improved RBC lifespan in ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, with more severe pre‐HDF anemia at baseline being associated with greater increases in RBC lifespan.
Mapping conflict of interests: scoping review
Authors: Chimonas Susan , Mamoor Maha , Zimbalist Sophia A , Barrow Brooke , Bach Peter B , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify all known ties between the medical product industry and the healthcare ecosystem.DesignScoping review.MethodsFrom initial literature searches and expert input, a map was created to show the network of medical product industry ties across parties and activities in the healthcare ecosystem. Through a scoping review, the ties were then verified, cataloged, and characterized, with data abstracted on types of industry ties (financial, non-financial), applicable policies for conflict of interests, and publicly available data sources.Main outcome measuresPresence and types of medical product industry ties to activities and parties, presence of policies for conflict of interests, and publicly available data.ResultsA map derived through synthesis of 538 articles from 37 countries shows an extensive network of medical product industry ties to activities and parties in the healthcare ecosystem. Key activities include research, healthcare education, guideline development, formulary selection, and clinical care. Parties include non-profit entities, the healthcare profession, the market supply chain, and government. The medical product industry has direct ties to all parties and some activities through multiple pathways; direct ties extend through interrelationships among parties and activities. The most frequently identified parties were within the healthcare profession, with individual professionals described in 422 (78%) of the included studies. More than half (303, 56%) of the publications documented medical product industry ties to research, with clinical care (156, 29%), health professional education (145, 27%), guideline development (33, 6%), and formulary selection (8, 1%) appearing less often. Policies for conflict of interests exist for some financial and a few non-financial ties; publicly available data sources seldom describe or quantify these ties.ConclusionsAn extensive network of medical product industry ties to activities and parties exists in the healthcare ecosystem. Policies for conflict of interests and publicly available data are lacking, suggesting that enhanced oversight and transparency are needed to protect patient care from commercial influence and to ensure public trust.
The effects of physical activity on arterial stiffness during pregnancy: an observational study
Authors: Matenchuk Brittany A. , Fujii Katelyn , Skow Rachel J. , Sobierajski Frances , MacKay Christina , Steinback Craig D. , Davenport Margie H. 
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and arterial stiffness in pregnancy. Thirty-nine women participated in this study, resulting in 68 measurements in non-pregnant (NP; n = 21), first (TM1; n = 8), second (TM2; n = 20), and third trimesters (TM3; n = 19). Compliance, distensibility, elasticity, β-stiffness, and carotid to femoral (central) and carotid to finger (peripheral) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. MVPA was measured using accelerometry. Multilevel linear regressions adjusted for multiple tests per participant using random effects to generate β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Distensibility, elasticity, β-stiffness, and central- and peripheral-PWV did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant assessments. Carotid artery compliance was higher in TM2 compared with NP. Central PWV (β coefficient: –0.14, 95% CI: –0.27, –0.02) decreased from early to mid-pregnancy and increased in late pregnancy. Meeting the MVPA guidelines was significantly associated with central-PWV (adjusted β coefficient: –0.34, 95% CI: –0.62, −0.06, p = 0.016), peripheral-PWV (adjusted β coefficient: –0.54, 95% CI: –0.91, –0.16, p = 0.005), and distensibility (adjusted β coefficient: –0.001, 95% CI: –0.002, –0.0001, p = 0.018), in pregnancy. These results suggest that MVPA may be associated with improved (i.e., reduced) arterial stiffness in pregnancy. Novelty: Central PWV, distensibility, compliance, elasticity, and β-stiffness, but not peripheral PWV, exhibited curvilinear relationships with gestational age Central and peripheral PWV were lower in pregnant women who met the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week
Designing for health and wellbeing: various concepts, similar goals
Authors: Voordt Theo van der 
Published: November 2021

The last decades show a growing interest in the impact of buildings, facilities and services on health and wellbeing. This paper aims to present different design concepts that have been developed to support health and wellbeing of the end users, such as healing environments and healthy offices, or to avoid negative impacts, such as the Sick Building Syndrome and toxic workplaces. Each concept is supported by a selection of references to available evidence of its influence.
The paper is based on an extensive narrative literature review of buildings and facilities related publications on how to provide healthy environments, with a focus on offices and health care facilities.
The discussed design concepts have much in common, but also different focus points, Overall it is shown that a variety of building design characteristics - spatial layout, indoor climate, interior design, finishing, contact with nature - affect the health and wellbeing of building users. Facilities such as desk bikes and plants and services such as healthy food and drinks or healthy behaviour stimulating programs have a positive impact as well.
As a consequence, the design and management of healthy environments needs a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between designers, corporate real estate and facility managers, human resource managers, IT specialists, and the involvement of different stakeholder such as clients and end users.
Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies
Authors: Hossack Blake R. , Lemos-Espinal Julio Alberto , Sigafus Brent H. , Muths Erin , Carreón Arroyo Gerardo , Toyos Martinez Daniel , Hurtado Félix David , Padilla Guillermo Molina , Goldberg Caren S. , Jones Thomas R. , Sredl Michael J. , Chambert Thierry , Rorabaugh James C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many aquatic species in the arid USA-Mexico borderlands region are imperiled, but limited information on distributions and threats often hinders management. To provide information on the distribution of the Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium), including the USA-federally endangered Sonoran Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi), we used traditional (seines, dip-nets) and modern (environmental DNA [eDNA]) methods to sample 91 waterbodies in northern Sonora, Mexico, during 2015-2018. The endemic Sonoran Tiger Salamander is threatened by introgressive hybridization and potential replacement by another sub-species of the Western Tiger Salamander, the non-native Barred Tiger Salamander (A. m. mavortium). Based on occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection, eDNA sampling provided a similar detection probability (0.82 [95% CI: 0.56-0.94]) as seining (0.83 [0.46-0.96]) and much higher detection than dip-netting (0.09 [0.02-0.23]). Volume of water filtered had little effect on detection, possibly because turbid sites had greater densities of salamanders. Salamanders were estimated to occur at 51 sites in 3 river drainages in Sonora. These results indicate tiger salamanders are much more widespread in northern Sonora than previously documented, perhaps aided by changes in land and water management practices. However, because the two subspecies of salamanders cannot be reliably distinguished based on morphology or eDNA methods that are based on mitochondrial DNA, we are uncertain if we detected only native genotypes or if we documented recent invasion of the area by the non-native sub-species. Thus, there is an urgent need for methods to reliably distinguish the subspecies so managers can identify appropriate interventions.
Overlooked Current Estimation Biases Arising from the Lagrangian Argo Trajectory Derivation Method
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Du Yan , Wang Minyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn Argo simulation system is used to provide synthetic Lagrangian trajectories based on the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Model, phase II (ECCO2). In combination with ambient Eulerian velocity at the reference layer (1000 m) from the model, quantitative metrics of the Lagrangian trajectory–derived velocities are computed. The result indicates that the biases induced by the derivation algorithm are strongly linked with ocean dynamics. In low latitudes, Ekman currents and vertically sheared geostrophic currents influence both the magnitude and the direction of the derivation velocity vectors. The maximal shear-induced biases exist near the equator with the amplitudes reaching up to about 1.2 cm s−1. The angles of the shear biases are pronounced in the low-latitude oceans, ranging from −8° to 8°. Specifically, the study shows an overlooked bias from the float drifting motions that mainly occurs in the western boundary current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) regions. In these regions, a recently reported horizontal acceleration measured via Lagrangian floats is significantly associated with the strong eddy–jet interactions. The acceleration could induce an overestimation of Eulerian current velocity magnitudes. For the common Argo floats with a 9-day float parking period, the derivation speed biases induced by velocity acceleration would be as large as 3 cm s−1, approximately 12% of the ambient velocity. It might have implications to map the mean middepth ocean currents from Argo trajectories, as well as to understand the dynamics of eddy–jet interactions in the ocean.
Influence of a Stay-At-Home Order on Trauma Volume and Injury Patterns at a Level I Trauma Center in Ohio
Authors: Huang Gregory S. , Chance Elisha A. , Dunham C. Michael 
Published: November 2021

Background Changes in injury patterns during the COVID pandemic have been reported in other states. The objective was to explore changes to trauma service volume and admission characteristics at a trauma center in northeast Ohio during a stay-at-home order (SAHO) and compare the 2020 data to historic trauma census data. Methods Retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center in northeast Ohio. Trauma admissions from January 21 to July 21, 2020 (COVID period) were compared to date-matched cohorts of trauma admissions from 2018 to 2019 (historic period). The COVID period was further categorized as pre-SAHO, active-SAHO, and post-SAHO. Results The SAHO was associated with a reduction in trauma center admissions that increased after the SAHO ( P = .0033). Only outdoor recreational vehicle (ORV) injuries ( P = .0221) and self-inflicted hanging ( P = .0028) mechanisms were increased during the COVID period and had substantial effect sizes. Glasgow Coma Scores were lower during the COVID period ( P = .0286) with a negligible effect size. Violence-related injuries, injury severity, mortality, and admission characteristics including alcohol and drug testing and positivity were similar in the COVID and historic periods. Discussion The SAHO resulted in a temporary decrease in trauma center admissions. Although ORV and hanging mechanisms were increased, other mechanisms such as alcohol and toxicology proportions, injury severity, length of stay, and mortality were unchanged.
Shifting the Surgical Residency Match to a 100% Virtual Interview Format During the COVID-19 Pandemic, How has It Affected Placement Into Surgical Training Programs?
Authors: Newsome Kevin , Selvakumar Sruthi , McKenny Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: November 2021

Introduction The AAMC transitioned to virtual interview formats for the 2020-2021 residency match. This study aims to examine the impact of the 100% virtual interview format for the 2020-2021 residency match on both application and match changes for multiple surgical specialties, including neurosurgery (NS), orthopedic surgery (OS), plastic surgery (PS), general surgery (GS), thoracic surgery (TS), and vascular surgery (VS). Methods Cross-sectional study comparing application and match changes between the in-person 2019-2020 and virtual 2020-2021 residency match cycles for different surgical specialties. Results There was an overall increase in the number of applicants for 5 of the surgery specialties but not VS, and an overall increase in the number of applications per residency program across all specialties. The average number of applications per applicant also increased, except in TS. There were no major match changes except in TS, which saw an increase in number of spots filled by MDs to nearly 100% from 84.2% in the previous cycle. Conclusion The switch to the 100% virtual 2020-2021 residency match interview format was associated with an overall increase in the number of applications per program and number of applications per applicant across multiple surgical specialties. There was a decrease in the number of applicants to VS and an increase in the number of applications per applicant. The switch to a virtual interview format in 2020-2021 was also associated with an increase in TS spots filled by MDs to almost 98%, increasing the already concerning TS match disparity for DO and IMG applicants.