bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Laser Transmission Joining of Fused Silica and Polymethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Sfregola Felice Alberto , De Palo Raffaele , Gaudiuso Caterina , Patimisco Pietro , Ancona Antonio , Volpe Annalisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is joined with fused silica using pulsed femtosecond laser transmission micro‐welding. This technique enables the welding of transparent materials to each other without the need for intermediate opaque layers, through localized energy deposition. The laser parameters – peak fluence, scanning speed, and hatch distance – are systematically optimized to maximize joint shear strength. The ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic analysis has proven that mechanical interlocking is the primary mechanism of joint formation between the two materials. An analytical model based on heat accumulation is developed to describe the joining process, with a good predictive quality confirmed by comparison with the experimental results. This joining approach is applied to seal a hybrid PMMA‐fused silica microfluidic chip. The device has successfully passed a static leakage test by withstanding pressures up to the full‐scale value of the employed microfluidic pump at 2 bar, demonstrating the effectiveness of femtosecond laser transmission welding for fabricating robust and reliable joints in hybrid microfluidic devices.
Approximation Properties of (λ,μ)$$ \left(\lambda, \mu \right) $$‐Bernstein‐Durrmeyer Operators
Authors: Cai Qing‐Bo , Zhou Guorong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this manuscript, a new kind of ()‐Bernstein‐Durrmeyer operators is introduced. A Korovkin‐type approximation theorem is obtained, the rate of convergence is investigated by using the modulus of smoothness, Lipschitz continuous function, and Steklov mean, a Voronovskaja asymptotic formula is established, and graphical representations and numerical examples are also presented to compare the newly defined ones with other forms.
Automatic Pavlov ratio measurement method based on spinal landmarks identification by a deep‐learning model
Authors: Wang Yongli , Huang Chi , Zhou Junhao , Zhang Xueyuan , Ren Fei , Zhang Benbo , Wang Xiaowen , Cheng Xiyue , Cao Kai , Dou Yibo , Cao Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCervical canal stenosis is one of the important pathogenic factors of cervical spondylosis. The accuracy of the Pavlov ratio measurement is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spinal stenosis. Manual measurement is influenced by observer variability, accompanied by its inefficiency, which affects clinical evaluation.PurposeTo automatically and accurately measure the Pavlov ratio, we develop a novel deep‐learning model by detecting keypoints of cervical spine and measure the Pavlov ratio on plain lateral cervical spine radiographs.MethodsWe developed a two‐stage deep‐learning model; in the first stage, we employ the YOLOX model as the object detection network to locate the ROIs containing the vertebral bodies and spinous processes; in the second stage, we introduce the high‐resolution net (HRNet) as keypoint detection network and a series of deconvolutional networks (DNs) as the heatmap‐based regressor. Based on the mentioned combining algorithms, we can rapidly detect the 38 keypoints in plain lateral cervical spine radiographs, and then measure the Pavlov ratio of the cervical spine. Radiographs from Shanghai Changhai Hospital (a total of 874) were split into training and test subsets (787 and 87 radiographs, respectively). One hundred twelve cases from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and 108 cases from Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital are used as external validation datasets.ResultsOur proposed model successfully achieved the objective of automating the recognition of spinal landmarks with the mean absolute error (MAE)ranged from 0.05 to 0.08, and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) ranged from 4.54% to 6.43%. The achieved accuracy is comparable to that of seasoned medical professionals and notably surpasses the performance of junior physicians (SMAPE ranged from 8.74% to 26.19%). Furthermore, our model demonstrated excellent accuracy in external validation experiments (SMAPE ranged from 4.40% to 5.95%).ConclusionThis study presents a novel YOLOX‐HRNet‐DN model to assist landmarks identification on lateral cervical spine radiographs and demonstrates excellent accuracy in measuring the Pavlov ratio. The proposed method could provide a potential tool for the automatic estimation of the Pavlov ratio to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the treatment workflow.
An AI dose‐influence matrix engine for robust pencil beam scanning protons therapy
Authors: Liu Yaoying , Shang Xuying , Li Nan , Wang Zishen , Fang Chunfeng , Zou Yue , Le Xiaoyun , Zhang Gaolong , Xu Shouping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRapid planning is of tremendous value in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) therapy in overcoming range uncertainty. However, the dose calculation of the dose influence matrix (Dij) in robust PBS plan optimization is time‐consuming and requires substantial acceleration to enhance efficiency.PurposeTo accelerate the Dij calculations in PBS therapy, we developed an AI‐Dij engine integrated into our in‐house treatment planning system (TPS).MethodsThe AI‐Dij engine calculates spot dose using a transformer‐based spot dose calculation model (SDM), which takes CT volumes (CT‐bars, 256 16 16 voxels, 3 mm resolution) and energy (a float value) as inputs and outputs the spot dose distribution (256 16 16). The SDM was trained on over 200 000 CT‐bars and Monte Carlo (MC) spot dose (spanning energy levels from 70 to 225 MeV). Clinical‐implemented treatment plans for the head, lung, and liver, initially created on Raystation, were replanned using our AI‐Dij engine under identical gantry angles and uncertainties settings. After optimizing the spot weight, each in‐house plan was recalculated using MCsquare for MC dose evaluation. The dose‐volume histogram (DVH) metrics from the in‐house TPS and Raystation were compared, evaluating both the optimized and MC doses.ResultsIn optimization, the differences of DVH metrics (%, Valuein‐house—ValueRaystation) across all uncertainty scenarios between the in‐house and Raystation plans were 0.93 ± 2.04% for clinical target volume (CTV) and −5.94 ± 12.19% for organ at risks (OARs). For the MC doses, the differences were 2.48 ± 2.78% for CTV and −5.47 ± 14.16% for OARs. The time cost of a robust AI‐Dij calculation can be within 2s on an RTX3090 GPU.ConclusionWe conducted a feasibility study on AI‐Dij engine‐based robust PBS plan optimization, demonstrating both high planning speed and quality.
ORACLE: An analytical approach for T1, T2, proton density, and off‐resonance mapping with phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Plähn Nils M. J. , Safarkhanlo Yasaman , Açikgöz Berk C. , Mackowiak Adèle L. C. , Radojewski Piotr , Bonanno Gabriele , Peper Eva S. , Heule Rahel , Bastiaansen Jessica A. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a novel analytical approach simplifying , , proton density (PD), and off‐resonance quantifications from phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) data. Additionally, to introduce a method to correct aliasing effects in undersampled bSSFP profiles.Theory and MethodsOff‐resonant‐encoded analytical parameter quantification using complex linearized equations (ORACLE) provides analytical solutions for bSSFP profiles. which instantaneously quantify , , proton density (PD), and . An aliasing correction formalism was derived to allow undersampling of bSSFP profiles. ORACLE was used to quantify , , PD, /, and based on fully sampled () bSSFP profiles from numerical simulations and 3T MRI experiments in phantom and 10 healthy subjects' brains. Obtained values were compared with reference scans in the same scan session. Aliasing correction was validated in subsampled () bSSFP profiles in numerical simulations and human brains.ResultsORACLE quantifications agreed well with input values from simulations and phantom reference values (R2 = 0.99). In human brains, and quantifications when compared with reference methods showed coefficients of variation below 2.9% and 3.9%, biases of 182 and 16.6 ms, and mean white‐matter values of 642 and 51 ms using ORACLE. The quantification differed less than 3 Hz between both methods. PD and maps had comparable histograms. The maps effectively identified cerebrospinal fluid. Aliasing correction removed aliasing‐related quantification errors in undersampled bSSFP profiles, significantly reducing scan time.ConclusionORACLE enables simplified and rapid quantification of , , PD, and from phase‐cycled bSSFP profiles, reducing acquisition time and eliminating biomarker maps' coregistration issues.
Obesity and postpartum hospital use among individuals without additional medical comorbidities
Authors: Glazer Kimberly B. , Janevic Teresa , Boychuk Natalie , Egorova Natalia , Hebert Paul , Zeitlin Jennifer , Howell Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine whether obesity without preexisting or gestational comorbidities is associated with postpartum hospital use (PHU).MethodsWe studied 2016 to 2018 birth certificate and discharge data on 178,729 New York City births without International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes at delivery for diabetes; hypertension; placental disease; anemia; thyrotoxicosis; bariatric surgery; and pulmonary, cardiac, renal, bleeding, autoimmune, digestive, neuromuscular, mental, or substance‐use disorders. We defined PHU as ≥1 readmission or emergency department visit within 30 days of delivery discharge. We used ICD‐10 codes to specify postpartum hypertension, infection, or hemorrhage during PHU (i.e., “cause‐specific PHU”) because these are leading mortality causes. We examined associations between prepregnancy BMI and PHU using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsPHU incidence was 3.7% for those with normal weight, 5.1% for those with overweight, 6.3% for those with class 1 or 2 obesity, and 9.1% for those with class 3 obesity. A positive association persisted after adjustment. Obesity was associated with cause‐specific PHU of postpartum hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.2, 95% confidence limits [CL]: 1.8–2.7, normal weight referent) and wound infection (aOR: 1.5, 95% CL: 1.2–1.8), but not hemorrhage (aOR: 0.9, 95% CL: 0.7–1.3), mastitis, or genitourinary infection (aOR: 1.1, 95% CL: 0.9–1.3).ConclusionsAmong individuals without other comorbidities, elevated BMI was associated with PHU. Findings can inform obstetric management to reduce morbidity during the critical fourth trimester.
Polyetheretherketone‐hydroxyapatite composite filament: A comparative analysis of the effect of micro and nano hydroxyapatite particles on extrusion and performance
Authors: Francis Justy N. , Saha Sahely , Tiwari Devendra , Chugh Ankita , Singh Jaiveer , Banerjee Indranil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe performance of polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) as an orthopedic biomaterial can be improved by bulk modification of PEEK through hydroxyapatite (HA) incorporation. In this context, we have studied the size effect of HA particles (from micro to nano) on the high‐temperature extrusion, physicochemical and biological properties of the extruded PEEK‐HA filaments. Our study showed that incorporation of HA into PEEK up to 5% w/w allows filament formation through single screw extrusion. However, a more significant temperature gradient between the hopper end and nozzle was necessary for the extrusion of nano‐HA incorporated PEEK compared to micro‐HA incorporated PEEK. The micro‐CT revealed a homogeneous dispersion of HA particles within the extruded filaments. The inclusion of nano HA powder (<200 nm) in PEEK (5%w/w) did not alter the mechanical properties of PEEK. When checked in vitro using MG‐63 cells, PnHA exhibited better cytocompatibility, as evidenced by calcein‐AM staining and MTT assay. Cellular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and alkaline phosphatase was also found to be 2–3 fold higher for PnHA. Further, PnHA was found to be a promoter of angiogenesis when checked by tube formation assay. The results together implied that nano‐HA is more suitable than micro‐HA for improving the essential qualities of PEEK for orthopedic applications.Highlights
Incorporation of HA in PEEK improves the performance of PEEK as a biomaterial.
PEEK with 5% micro/nano HA can be extruded as PEEK‐HA composite filament.
Variation in HA particle size (micro/nano) impacts the performance of composite.
PEEK‐HA composite filament has improved angiogenic and osteoconductive properties.
Disease‐modifying therapies for amyloid transthyretin cardiomyopathy: Current and emerging medications
Authors: Hellenbart Erika L. , Ipema Heather J. , Rodriguez‐Ziccardi Mary C. , Krishna Hema , DiDomenico Robert J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a rare disease that results in amyloid fibril misfolding and deposition in multiple organs, including the heart, leading to the development of ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM), which is associated with poor outcomes. In the last decade, several disease‐modifying medications are in advanced stages of clinical development or have been approved to treat ATTR‐CM. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate clinical trial data investigating the use of approved and investigational medications for the treatment of ATTR‐CM. We performed a comprehensive literature search via PubMed and EMBASE to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating medications for the treatment of ATTR‐CM published through August 2024. This narrative review describes the pathophysiology of ATTR‐CM, highlights important screening and diagnostic work‐up, and summarizes the existing clinical evidence resulting from our literature search. Several classes of disease‐modifying medications are in development for ATTR‐CM. The tetramer stabilizers and transthyretin silencers have proven to be the most effective therapies to date. Tafamidis and acoramidis are currently approved for ATTR‐CM while vutrisiran approval for ATTR‐CM may be forthcoming. Other disease‐modifying medication classes in development include antisense oligonucleotides, gene editing therapies, and monoclonal antibodies. However, several unmet needs exist including the lack of cost‐effectiveness due to the extremely high acquisition costs of these medications. Disease‐modifying medications approved and in development to treat ATTR‐CM offer hope for patients with this disease, but their lack of affordability is the biggest barrier to their use.
Clinical Implications of the Obstructive Pattern on Chest Radiography in Children Aged 3–59 Months With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Shim Moon Ki , Park Ji Eun , Jeon Hyelynn , Park Bumhee , Kim Jung Heon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the clinical implications of the obstructive pattern on plain chest radiography, defined as peribronchial cuffing or hyperinflation, in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).MethodsWe reviewed all children aged 3‒59 months with LRTIs who underwent radiography and polymerase chain reaction in a Korean emergency department from 2016 through 2020. The radiographs were read as consolidation, peribronchial cuffing, or hyperinflation, with each interrater reliability computed. As per the obstructive pattern, we compared their clinical features, therapeutic interventions, outcomes, and microbiology.ResultsAmong 599 children with LRTIs, 465 were enrolled, of whom 98 (21.1%) had consolidation (κ = 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.50‒0.70), and 367 (78.9%) had peribronchial cuffing (0.55; 0.46‒0.65) or hyperinflation (0.59; 0.52‒0.67). The obstructive pattern was significantly associated with more frequent wheezing (obstructive, 28.6% vs. consolidation, 10.2%) and the use of inhaled albuterol or systemic steroids (39.0% vs. 23.5%), and lower median values or frequencies of age (22.0 vs. 35.0 months), crackle or diminished breath sound (42.0% vs. 61.2%), C‐reactive protein (1.4 vs. 2.9 mg/dL), antibiotic therapy (72.2% vs. 93.9%), length of hospital stay (4.0 vs 5.0 days), fever lasting 3 days or longer (7.9% vs. 29.6%), and complications (0.5% vs. 9.2%). Microbiologically, viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus, were more frequently detected in children with the obstructive pattern or at a younger age.ConclusionsThis study confirms an association of the obstructive pattern on radiography with viral infection and inflammatory airway obstruction‐relieving therapy in young children with severe LRTIs.
New channel selection method of hyperspectral infrared sounders for use in numerical weather prediction
Authors: Lee Ahreum , Chun Hyoung‐Wook , Kwon In‐Hyuk , Kang Jeon‐Ho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study proposed a new channel selection method by examining explicit analysis results obtained from the assimilation of hyperspectral infrared radiances in a numerical weather prediction model. Initially, this new method was evaluated to expand the limited use of infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) channels in the current operational Korean Integrated Model (KIM) data assimilation system. To reduce the computational cost of getting the analysis results, we divided all IASI channels into 20 channel groups using the K‐means clustering algorithm based on the three‐dimensional Jacobian probability density function calculated for each channel. We selected the first channel group with the smallest temperature and humidity analysis errors compared to the ERA5 reanalysis. The channel group that made the smallest errors along with previously selected groups was added sequentially until the additional channel group increased the error. The IASI channel list was expanded to 138 by adding channels sensitive to upper‐tropospheric temperature and mid‐ and upper‐tropospheric water vapor. The impact of the new IASI channel set on the background, analysis, and forecast fields in the KIM was assessed by comparing the results to those obtained using the current operational IASI channels. It was confirmed that the new channels have an overall positive impact on the background and analysis and have improved the KIM forecast accuracy, particularly demonstrating significant improvements in the Northern Hemisphere. Hence, this study potentially provides a new way of channel selection for the assimilation of any future hyperspectral radiances.
A Periodic Dynamic Encoding Mechanism for Stealthy Attack Detection in Distributed State Estimation
Authors: Ding Kun , Yang Wen , Liu Yun , Luo Yue , Chen Jialing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the design and defense issues of false data injection attack in distributed state estimation. At each time step, each sensor sends its estimate to neighboring sensors. To verify the security of the received data, a column vector composed of state estimate differences is used as the detection variable. Based on the data directly obtained by the attacker in the wireless communication network, an attack strategy is established to degrade the system estimation performance while not being detected by the detector. Under the attack strategy, the update of the estimation error covariance is analyzed and the optimal attack parameters are obtained. To enhance the security of the system, a periodic dynamic encoding mechanism is proposed to prevent attackers from eavesdropping on original data, which consists of two stages: preparation stage and periodic encoding stage. It is proved that the proposed encoding mechanism can destroy the stealthiness of the attack, thus ensuring the detection ability of the detector. Numerical simulations are given to verify the results of the theoretical analysis.
The secret acoustic world of leopards: A paired camera trap and bioacoustics survey facilitates the individual identification of leopards via their roars
Authors: Growcott Jonathan , Lobora Alex , Markham Andrew , Searle Charlotte E. , Wahlström Johan , Wijers Matthew , Simmons Benno I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConservation requires accurate information about species occupancy, populations and behaviour. However, gathering these data for elusive, solitary species, such as leopards (Panthera pardus), is often challenging. Utilizing novel technologies that augment data collection by exploiting different species' traits could enable monitoring at larger spatiotemporal scales. Here, we conducted the first, large‐scale (~450 km2) paired passive acoustic monitoring (n = 50) and camera trapping survey (n = 50), for large African carnivores, in Nyerere National Park, Tanzania. We tested whether leopards could be individually distinguished by their vocalizations. We identified individual leopards from camera trap images and then extracted their roaring bouts in the concurrent audio. We extracted leopard roar summary features and used 2‐state Gaussian Hidden–Markov Models (HMMs) to model the temporal pattern of individual leopard roars. Using leopard roar summary features, individual vocal discrimination was achieved at a maximum accuracy of 46.6%. When using HMMs to evaluate the temporal pattern of a leopard's roar, individual identification was more successful, with an overall accuracy of 93.1% and macro‐F1 score of 0.78. Our study shows that using multiple modes of technology, which record complementary data, can be used to discover species traits, such as, individual leopards can be identified from their vocalizations. Even though additional equipment, data management and analytical expertise are required, paired surveys are still a promising monitoring methodology which can exploit a wider variety of species traits, to monitor and inform species conservation more efficiently, than single technology studies alone.
Transient Absorption Microscopy Maps Spatial Heterogeneity and Distinct Chemical Environments in Photocatalytic Carbon Nitride Particles
Authors: Khasnabis Sutripto , Godin Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLimitations in solar energy conversion by photocatalysis typically stem from poor underlying charge carrier properties. Transient Absorption (TA) reveals insights on key photocatalytic properties such as charge carrier lifetimes and trapping. However, on the microsecond timescale, these measurements use relatively large probe sizes ranging in millimetres to centimetres which averages the effect of spatial heterogeneity at smaller length scales. A home‐built Transient Absorption Microscopy (TAM) setup is reported and used to study single particles of carbon nitride (CNx), an emerging photocatalyst. For the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, µs‐s timescales are explored within individual particles to gain a more complete understanding of their photophysics. The dynamics of trapped charges are monitored, enabling measurement and quantification of heterogeneity in the transient absorptance signal of individual CNx particles and within them. Particle‐to‐particle heterogeneity in the trapped charge density is observed, while spatial heterogeneity in lifetimes within a particle is revealed using a smaller probe beam with a ≈5 µm diameter. Overall, the observations suggest that contributions from different local environments independently influence charge trapping at different timescales. TAM on the micron and microsecond spatiotemporal resolution will aid in tackling design questions about optimal chemical environments for the promotion of photoactivity.