bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bentonite clay in modified and unmodified forms to remove fluoride from water
Authors: Kalsido Adane Woldemedhin , Kumar Arun , Tekola Beteley , Mogessie Beshah , Alemayehu Esayas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The feasibility of fluoride adsorption from aqueous solutions using naturally available bentonite clay in both modified and unmodified forms is investigated in this report. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was applied to describe the structure and nature of modified and unmodified bentonite clay. The physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent were also investigated for moisture content, pH, apparent density, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and its point-of-zero charge. SEM images reveal particles are dispersed homogeneously and are irregular in shape. XRD and EDX analyses reveal that the bentonite is composed of seven materials: calcite, silica, alumina, hematite, bornite and green cinnabar, and chloride which are considered as impurities. Raw bentonite clays have shown very low fluoride removal efficiency (47.19%). Modification of the clay surface with HCl and aluminum oxide, on the other hand, increased fluoride removal efficiency to 79.77% and 94.38%, respectively. At 5 mg/L initial fluoride concentration, 10 cm bed depth packed dose of adsorbent, and 180 min breakthrough time, a 2.88 mg/g of fluoride removal capacity was observed. As a result, aluminum oxide modified bentonite clay was chosen for further investigation and the results are not presented here.
Design and Synthesis of Tri-substituted Imidazole Derivatives as CD73 Inhibitors for Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Ghara Abhishek , Andhale Ganesh Sakharam , Matada Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga , Dhiwar Prasad Sanjay 
Published: June 2021

Background:Monoclonal antibodies licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) target diverse biological targets relevant to immuno-oncology, and small compounds in clinical trials target various aspects of immuno-oncology. Several small compounds that target CD73 are at various stages of clinical studies. Several imidazoles are currently being utilized to treat malignancies, including Dacarbazine, Zoledronic acid, Mercaptopurine, and others. As a result, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of modified tri-phenyl imidazoles against breast cancer cell lines, as well as conducted virtual tests.Methods:We used Accelrys Drug Discovery Studio 3.5 software to undertake molecular docking, ADMET, and molecular properties studies on 68 proposed imidazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds' binding mechanisms were investigated against the CD73 protein (PDB Code: 4H1S). To find the drugs with the best pharmacokinetics, researchers assessed ADMET solubility, BBB penetration, hepatotoxicity, PPB binding, and polar surface area. The MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was treated with these produced compounds, and the MTT test method was used to determine the IC50 values.Results:The selected 14 compounds showed good binding in the active site of CD73 by forming Hbonds with amino acid residues, according to molecular docking studies. Breast cancer cell lines were treated with substituted tri-phenyl imidazole derivatives, which displayed anticancer activity. Compounds 3a and 3h, which had an electron-donating group at the 2nd and 3rd positions and p-substitutions of the chloro and nitro groups, respectively, showed considerable anticancer action.Conclusion:Fourteen imidazole derivatives were produced and tested against breast cancer cell lines based on in-silico research. The MDA-MB-231 cell line was strongly suppressed by compounds 3a and 3h. In-vitro enzyme inhibition experiments revealed that only 3h demonstrated considerable inhibition.
Preliminary Results of Expandable Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cages
Authors: Kitsopoulos Kyriakos , Wiedenhoefer Bernd , Hemmer Stefan , Fleege Christoph , Arabmotlagh Mohammad , Rauschmann Michael , Rickert Marcus 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Compared with static cages, expandable cages for Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF), are thought to require less posterior bony removal and nerve root retraction. They may allow the creation of a greater lordotic angle and lordosis restoration.

Objective:
This study investigated whether TLIF using an expandable lordotic interbody cage facilitates an improvement in both segmental lordosis and the restoration of intradiscal height.

Methods:
A total of 32 patients with 40 operated segments underwent TLIF surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease and were consecutively included in this prospective observational study. Of those patients, 25 received monosegmental treatment, six were treated bisegmentally, and one was treated trisegmentally. All patients were assessed clinically and radiographically preoperatively, as well as one week, six months, and two years postoperatively.

Results:
Two patients required revision for screw loosening and pseudarthrosis. In four patients, the endplate was violated intraoperatively due to cage placement. Postoperatively, cage subsidence was observed in four patients. Significant improvement in the mean degree of spondylolisthesis was noted at the two-year mark. Mean segmental lordosis improved postoperatively. A significant increase in mean disc height of the treated segment was also found. Overall, with the exception of pain, no significant clinical or radiographic changes were reported between the first postoperative week and the two-year year follow-up mark. The mean pain, functional, and quality of life outcomes improved significantly from the preoperative to postoperative period, with no deterioration between six months and two years.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that favorable outcomes can be achieved by using an expandable titanium cage in TLIF procedures.
Ethics and Law in Research on Algorithmic and Data-Driven Technology in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review
Authors: Gooding Piers , Kariotis Timothy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundUncertainty surrounds the ethical and legal implications of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in the mental health context, including technologies characterized as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and other forms of automation.ObjectiveThis study aims to survey empirical scholarly literature on the application of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives to identify the legal and ethical issues that have been raised.MethodsWe searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies on the application of algorithmic technologies in mental health care in the Scopus, Embase, and Association for Computing Machinery databases. A total of 1078 relevant peer-reviewed applied studies were identified, which were narrowed to 132 empirical research papers for review based on selection criteria. Conventional content analysis was undertaken to address our aims, and this was supplemented by a keyword-in-context analysis.ResultsWe grouped the findings into the following five categories of technology: social media (53/132, 40.1%), smartphones (37/132, 28%), sensing technology (20/132, 15.1%), chatbots (5/132, 3.8%), and miscellaneous (17/132, 12.9%). Most initiatives were directed toward detection and diagnosis. Most papers discussed privacy, mainly in terms of respecting the privacy of research participants. There was relatively little discussion of privacy in this context. A small number of studies discussed ethics directly (10/132, 7.6%) and indirectly (10/132, 7.6%). Legal issues were not substantively discussed in any studies, although some legal issues were discussed in passing (7/132, 5.3%), such as the rights of user subjects and privacy law compliance.ConclusionsEthical and legal issues tend to not be explicitly addressed in empirical studies on algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives. Scholars may have considered ethical or legal matters at the ethics committee or institutional review board stage. If so, this consideration seldom appears in published materials in applied research in any detail. The form itself of peer-reviewed papers that detail applied research in this field may well preclude a substantial focus on ethics and law. Regardless, we identified several concerns, including the near-complete lack of involvement of mental health service users, the scant consideration of algorithmic accountability, and the potential for overmedicalization and techno-solutionism. Most papers were published in the computer science field at the pilot or exploratory stages. Thus, these technologies could be appropriated into practice in rarely acknowledged ways, with serious legal and ethical implications.
NARRATIVE-BASED MEDICAL WRITING: AN EMP CASE STUDY
Authors: Torubarova Irina , Stebletsova Anna 
Published: June 2021

The article discusses a case study employing medical writing for the development of skills, attitudes and values that are essential for the healthcare worker’s identity. The emphasis is made on empathy, communication skills and communicative tolerance. The authors argue that these attitudes can be enhanced in the academic curriculum of medical universities. The possible way to improve personal qualities essential for the future career of a medical worker is through narrative-based medical writing, which can be implemented in the course of the English for Specific (Medical) Purposes (ES(M)P) course. The 13-week course ‘Narrative-based medical writing’ designed and performed at Voronezh Medical University involved 60 undergraduate students. The participants had to complete 10 to 13 writing assignments describing patients’ experience of a disease. The key findings of the study have demonstrated a more competent usage of reflective writing techniques, a higher level of empathy manifestation and communicative tolerance comparing to the baseline measurements. These results support the idea that EMP with a narrative-based writing module can make an essential contribution to the development of communicative tolerance and empathic manifestation, thereby enabling the development of the crucial professional attitudes of a healthcare practitioner.
DOCTORAL RESEARCH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN INDIA: A STUDY OF UNIVERSITIES IN MAHARASHTRA STATE
Authors: Tasildar Ravindra 
Published: June 2021

English Language Education (ELE) in India has a history of about two hundred years. There were some significant studies in ELE during the British rule. The research in ELE in India was mostly carried out in the second half of twentieth century. A cursory review of bibliographies reveals that ELE is one of the less researched sub-disciplines of English Studies in India. In the absence of a separate study on research in ELE in India, the present paper is a modest attempt to evaluate the doctoral research in different areas of ELE in the universities in Maharashtra State of India. The purpose of the present study is to know the less explored and over explored areas of ELE for doctoral research. This study would not only strengthen the research in ELE but also define the scope for further research in ELE in India. Besides, it may not only help the aspirant researchers but also will determine the path of ELE in twenty-first century India.
STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED TIME AND RISKY BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS IN CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Jaredić Biljana , Minić Jelena , Radojević Tatjana 
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this research is to determine how much adolescents prefer certain types of structured free time and unstructured time (leisure time), as well as their connection with risky behavior of adolescents in social crisis. The sample consists of a number of adolescents (N = 287), 116 or 40.4% of male and 171 or 59.6% of female respondents, age from 18 to 24, average age is 20.44 years (AS = 20.44, SD = 2.75) living in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Leisure and Leisure Assessment Questionnaire (constructed only for research purpose), Risk Behavior Rating Scale (RBRS), Scaar, 2009 were used in this research. The data was processed through descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis and the T-test. Results showed that adolescents mostly prefer internet as an unstructured activity and the least preferred is the theater as the structured one. A negative correlation was obtained between academic success and risky behavior, which indicates that if adolescents achieve better results in academic career, they have less propensity for risky behavior. According to the results, boys are more prone to risky behavior than girls, and risky behavior of adolescents can be predicted with 14% variance (significant predictors are unstructured leisure time and the gender of adolescents). Within our work, our objective is to bring attention to the importance of a structured way of spending leisure time regarding adolescents, with necessary engagement of experts from different areas.
How Has the Change in the Way Auditors Determine the Audit Report Date Changed the Meaning of the Audit Report Date? Implications for Academic Research
Authors: Glover Steven M. , Hansen James C. , Seidel Timothy A. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Archival research in accounting often relies on the audit report date to capture the constructs of audit efficiency, audit timeliness, audit effort, or audit completion. Auditors' view of what constitutes sufficient appropriate evidence to support the audit opinion, and consequently the date of the audit report, previously coincided with the substantial completion of audit fieldwork, which would be days or weeks before a 10-K filing. However, this view has shifted to coincide with the timing of the public issuance of clients' financial statements (i.e., the 10-K filing date) following several regulatory actions, audit practice changes, and professional standard-setting changes occurring since the turn of the century. In this study, we present evidence of this shift in auditor perspective and discuss implications for academic research and standard setting.
The Effects of the Internal Control Opinion and Use of Audit Data Analytics on Perceptions of Audit Quality, Assurance, and Auditor Negligence
Authors: Barr-Pulliam Dereck , Brown-Liburd Helen L. , Sanderson Kerri-Ann 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Audit data analytics (ADAs) allow auditors to analyze the entire population of transactions that has measurable benefits for audit quality. However, auditors caution that the level of assurance on the financial statements is not incrementally increased. We examine whether the testing methodology and the type of ICFR opinion issued affect jurors' perceptions of auditor negligence. We predict and find that when auditors issue an unqualified ICFR opinion, jurors make higher negligence assessments when auditors employ statistical sampling than when they employ ADAs. Further, when auditors issue an adverse ICFR opinion, jurors attribute less blame to auditors and more blame to the investor for an audit failure. Additionally, jurors perceive the use of ADAs as an indicator of higher audit quality and are less likely to find auditors negligent. However, jurors do not perceive a difference in the level of assurance provided when auditors use ADAs versus sampling testing methods.
Revisiting the Status of the U.S. Academic Profession of Accounting
Authors: Oler Derek K. , Skousen Christopher J. , Smith Kevin R. , Talakai Jayson 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We revisit whether the academic accounting profession is in decline. Using data gathered from Hasselback Accounting Faculty Directory from 1974 to 2016, we confirm prior results indicating a decrease in the number of U.S. assistant accounting professors from 1991 to 2005. However, accounting faculty counts (including assistant professors) increased from 2005 to 2016. These results suggest that actions to slow and reverse the decline in the academic accounting profession, in combination with broad economic factors, have been largely successful. While future challenges remain, the academic accounting profession is no longer in decline.
JEL Classifications: I23.
The Impact of Tax Incentive Structure on Taxpayers' Retirement Savings Decisions
Authors: Cuccia Andrew D. , Doxey Marcus M. , Stinson Shane R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether and how the structure of retirement savings incentives influences their relative attractiveness to taxpayers, independent of their effect on after-tax returns. To that end, we examine taxpayers' preferences between defined contribution retirement plans with back-loaded (i.e., Roth) and front-loaded (i.e., traditional) tax incentives. In three experiments, we find limited evidence that individuals appropriately weight temporal tax rate changes, the primary factor differentiating after-tax returns across incentive structures, in their plan preferences. In contrast, we find consistent evidence that the incentive structure's relation to taxpayers' broader attitudes and preferences significantly impacts plan preferences. Overall, we find evidence that generally held attitudes and preferences lead to a systematic preference for back-loaded retirement plans, even in situations in which taxpayers know that a back-loaded plan is economically dominated by a front-loaded plan. The results have implications for policymakers and others considering how best to encourage retirement savings.
JEL Classifications: D14; H31; K34.
Finite element simulations of the effects of an extraoral device, RAMPA, on anterosuperior protraction of the maxilla and comparison with gHu-1 intraoral device
Authors: Moshfeghi Mohammad , Mitani Yasushi , Choi Bumkyoo , Emamy Peiman 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the effects of an extraoral device, right-angle maxillary protraction appliance (RAMPA), combined with a semi-rapid maxillary expansion intraoral device (gHu-1) on the anterosuperior protraction of maxillary bone.

Materials and Methods
The finite element (FE) model included craniofacial bones and all sutures. The linear assumption was assumed for the FE simulations and the material properties of bones and sutures. The gHu-1 was simulated under screw activations equal to Δx = 0.25 and 0.5 mm in the lateral direction with and without RAMPA under a set of external forces {F1 = 2.94, F2 = 1.47, F3 = 4.44} N.

Results
Displacement contours, nodal displacements of 12 landmarks, and von Mises stresses were compared. Combining RAMPA and gHu-1 (with Δx = 0.25 mm) resulted in changes in the displacement of the front part of the maxilla near the mid-palatal suture from (0.02, −0.1, −0.02) mm to (0.02, 0.3, 0.8) mm. For gHu-1 with Δx = 0.5 mm, the displacement of the same part changed from (0.04, −0.04, −0.2) mm to (0.04, 0.3, 0) mm. Similar trends were found in other locations.

Conclusions
The findings are in agreement with the previous cephalometric clinical data of an 8-year-old patient and prove the positive effects of RAMPA on the anterosuperior protraction of the maxilla when it is combined with the intraoral device gHu-1. In addition, RAMPA does not interfere with the lateral expansion generated by the intraoral device.
State of in situ forest genetic resources of broadleaved tree species in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Neyko Ihor , Monarkh Veronika , Poznyakova Svitlana , Matusyak Mykhailo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Forest genetic resources (FGRs) are an important source of biodiversity conservation and forest restoration. Today, more than 600 genetic reserves (GRs) of more than 30 main forest tree species have been allocated in Ukraine. The main aim of the work is to reveal the features of the distribution, environmental condition and the trends of state of in situ gene sources of broadleaved tree species in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Based on the research results, it has been established that the share of FGR in situ is only 0.3–0.5% of the total forest area of the region. The predominant species of forest stands of the region are English oak (Quercus robur L.) – 37.7%, European beach (Fagus sylvatica L.) – 26.8% and Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) – 7.6%. The in situ locations of Black alder (Alnus incana L.), Sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), English oak and Common ash are characterized by the highest average annual temperature (8.1–8.2°С), the accumulated temperatures for the growing season (3111.9–3237.1°С). Stands with the European beech predominance are allocated in better moisture conditions by the precipitation-temperatures ratio (Selianinov Hydrothermal Index (HTI) – 1.769–1.802; climatic index by Vorobyov – 2.707–2.951). The in situ gene pool conservation units are defined by 12 soil types that are included in the 7 main groups according to the FAO international classification. The largest number of sites, 67 (56.8%), is concentrated on grey and dark-grey forest soils (Haplic Greyzems) (47%). According to the research results, GRs are not evenly distributed, they do not fully reflect the environmental diversity, and their area is negligible. We indicated the unsatisfactory condition of most genetic reserves. It was caused by reducing the share of main tree species, decrease in relative stocking density of stands and tree-breeding structure and deterioration of tree stands condition. This requires the development and implementation of an integration strategy based on the established concept of developing a national ecological network on both national and pan-European levels.
Perbandingan Pengaturan Rahasia Bank antara Indonesia dan Singapura
Authors: Santika I Komang 
Published: June 2021

The researh objectives to found the exception of opening bank secrets in Indonesia and comparison of bank secret arrangements between Indonesia and Singapore. This research used the noemative method. Technique of data analiytical used is the juridical analysis. The result of this study shown the exceptions of opening bank secrets in Indonesia are regulated in Article 41 until 44A the Banking Act Year 1998 and comparison of bank secret regulation in Indonesia and Singapore indicates that these two countries provide exceptions for opening bank secrets in some cases with relations to society, justice, interests and state.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengecualian pembukaan rahasia perbankan Indonesia dan perbandingan pengaturan rahasia bank antara Negara Indonesia dan Singapura. Studi ini menggunakan metode normatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis yuridis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengecualian pembukaan rahasia bank di Indonesia diatur pada Pasal 41 sampai dengan Pasal 44A UU Perbankan Tahun 1998 dan perbandingan pengaturan rahasia bank di Indonesia dan Singapura menunjukkan bahwa kedua negara ini memberikan pengecualian pembukaan rahasia bank untuk beberapa kasus yang terkait dngan kepentingn keadilan masyarakat dan negara.