bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONGÂ SANTRIÂ ATÂ ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN MEDAN, NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Purnama Tri Bayu , Askhori Samsul , Pohan Devi Juliana , Augie Dwichy 
Published: May 2021

Dental healthÂ remains a public health problem with increasedÂ the prevalence of dental problemsÂ from 2007 to 2013. The problem isÂ highest in the early adolescent age group.Â A dental problem occursÂ due to lack of behavior on the routine toothbrush (2.8%).Â The purpose of this study was to describeÂ dental problems in Islamic boarding schools in Medan.Â This study used aÂ cross sectionalÂ designÂ in seven Islamic boarding schools in Medan with a total sample of 436 studentsÂ in the 5.319 total population.Â System random sampling was applied in this study and the questionnaire was distributed to sample. The data analysis used wasÂ descriptiveÂ frequency.Â The results showed that the behavior of brushing teeth based on age group was highest in the early adolescent group in the category of brushing teeth in the morning (78%) and afternoon (92%).Â Based on gender, both men and womenÂ showedÂ the highest tooth brushing behavior in the morning (37.8%; 40.4%) and afternoon (45.9%; 46.6%).Â Dental health problems by age group were included in the category of healthy teeth (49.1%).Â Based on gender also showed dental problems for both men and women (25.9%; 24.1%)Â in the category of healthy teeth.Â DentalÂ healthÂ amongÂ female students isÂ still found to have dental health problems caused by the behavior of brushing teeth that is not in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, namely after breakfast and before going to bed at night.
Implementasi Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 27 Tahun 2016 Tentang Tarif Angkutan Penumpang pada Dinas Perhubungan Propinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Adiwidjaja Ignatius 
Published: May 2021

Transportasi dan angkutan umum merupakan suatu persoalan yang selalu dihadapi oleh pemerintah di berbagai daerah di tanah air ini, terutama daerah yang memiliki suasana kota yang yang ramai karena padatnya penduduk serta tingginya intensitas masyarakatnya diikuti dengan tidak sesuainya jumlah moda transportasi umum serta belum seimbangnya luas ruas jalan antar kota dalam propinsi yang mempunyai struktur serta aktifitas penduduk sudah tergolong sagat tinggi. Regulasi kebijakan pemerintah propinsi Jawa Timur yang tertuang dalam Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 27 Tahun 2016. Dinas perhubungan sebagai implementor, melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, serta menyediakan sarana sebagai pendukung dalam system transportasi di Jawa Timur. Dalam penelitian ini kami menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan gambaran (deskripsi) mengenai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan apa yang diteliti. Kualitatif sendiri merupakan wujud kata-kata dari pada deretan angka-angka. Pendekatan metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai pemecahan masalah dengan menggambarkan atau melukiskan keadaan subjek atau objek penelitian, baik perilaku individu, kelompok masyarakat, lembaga-lembaga dan lain-lain sebagainya.Kata kunci : Implementasi, Pelayanan PublikABSTRACT. Public transportation and transportation is a problem that is always faced by the government in various regions in this country, especially areas that have a bustling city atmosphere due to overcrowding and high intensity of the community followed by mismatching the number of modes of public transportation and the imbalance of the size of roads inter-city in the province which has a structure and activity of the population is already classified as very high. East Java provincial government policy regulations contained in East Java Governor Regulation No. 27 of 2016. Transportation Agency as an implementor, conducts socialization to the community, and provides facilities as a support in the transportation system in East Java. In this study we used a qualitative method that produced a description (description) of matters relating to what was studied. Qualitative itself is a form of words rather than a row of numbers. Descriptive method approach can be interpreted as problem solving by describing or describing the state of the subject or object of research, both the behavior of individuals, community groups, institutions and so forth.Keywords: Implementation, Public Services
Стан пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців і членів їхніх сімей
Authors: Андрейчук С. К. , Морушко О. О. , Гасяк М. С. 
Published: May 2021

Проаналізовано стан пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців і членів їх сімей та осіб, звільнених з військової служби, в Україні та можливості адаптації зарубіжного досвіду до вітчизняних умов. Тема реформування пенсійної системи України є однією з найболючіших та найактуальніших тем останніх десятиліть. Відновлення справедливості у визначенні пенсійних виплат є основною метою всіх кроків пенсійної реформи. Водночас, пенсійне забезпечення є однією з найбільших проблем державної політики ХХІ ст. не тільки в Україні. Саме тому аналіз набутого досвіду реформ інших країн може дати змогу уникнути багатьох проблемних моментів реформування та допомогти виокремити основні найефективніші кроки процесу трансформації пенсійної системи України. Предметом цього дослідження є пенсійне забезпечення військовослужбовців. Адже останні роки затяжного збройного конфлікту на Сході України актуалізували питання соціальної захищеності саме категорії військовослужбовців і членів їхніх сімей. Вирішення цих питань пришвидшить темп становлення стандартів соціального захисту військових Збройних Сил України. Розглянуто соціальний захист військовослужбовців як діяльність держави у сфері соціальної політики, яка спрямована на забезпечення гідного рівня життя для військовослужбовців та членів їхніх сімей. Описано багаторівневу ієрархію системи соціального захисту військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України. Проаналізовано функції Міністерств та інституцій, які забезпечують функціонування системи соціального захисту військовослужбовців загалом. Здійснено аналіз видів пенсійного забезпечення, на які мають право особи, звільнен і з військової служби в нашій країні. Розмір пенсійних виплат та інших видів грошового забезпечення є базою для нарахування пенсій військовослужбовцям нашої держави. Актуальним завданням реалізації пенсійної реформи є уникнення "зрівнялівки" у розмірах пенсій різних категорій населення. У разі нарахування пенсій військовослужбовцям перерахунок пенсій здійснюють з порушеннями, зокрема ігноруючи певні складові грошового забезпечення, а саме: оплату за науковий ступінь, оплату за вчене звання та низку надбавок, серед яких надбавки за спортивні звання, за почесні звання та за виконання певних спеціальних функцій у межах службових повноважень. Одним із кроків поліпшення ефективності механізму соціального захисту є вивчення, аналіз та переймання досвіду аналогічної роботи закордонних інституцій. Для визначення шляхів реформування пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців здійснено порівняння аналогічного досвіду пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців і членів їхніх сімей на приклад і провідних країн – членів НАТО (США, Великобританії, Франції). Вибір цих країн зумовлений тим, що реформування вітчизняної системи пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців у пострадянській Україні багато в чому ґрунтується на запозиченні досвіду названих країн. Зроблені висновки містять рекомендації щодо рефорування системи пенсійного забезпечення військовослужбовців України.
COMPARISON OF THE PARENTERAL AND ORAL VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE TREATMENT OF NUTRITIONAL RICKETS IN TERMS OF MEAN CHANGE IN SERUM CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Authors: Nisar Khan Sajid  , Sumaira Tehseen  , Tahir Mehmood  , Tanveer Ahmed  , Ramsha Abbas  , Saeed Ahmed  
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Rickets is a common presentation on the pediatric floor, with nutritional rickets being the cause of leading significant morbidity, disability, especially in the developing countries of the world. The objective is to compare the efficacy of parenteral and oral vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of nutritional rickets
METHODOLOGY: This comparative interventional, prospective analysis was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad (1-1-2017 to 30-6-2017) outdoor patients divided into parenteral and oral groups. All of the outcome variables were measured at baseline and one month after treatment.
RESULTS: In this study, mean age was calculated as 2.12 + 0.76 years and 2.15+0.77 in parental and oral groups respectively. 49.29% (n=69) and 45%(n=63) were male and 50.71%(n=71) and 55% (n=77) were female respectively in both groups. At baseline, serum calcium was 8.68 + 0.35 and 8.71 + 0.37 (p=0.62) serum phosphorus was 3.92 + 9.22 and 3.84 + 0.20 (p=0.03), and serum alkaline phosphatase was 230.01 + 13.09 and 228.89 + 13.80 (p=0.48) in parenteral and oral groups respectively. After treatment the mean change seen in serum calcium was 1.14 + 0.26 and 0.72 + 0.19 (p=0.001), serum phosphorus was 1.42 + 0.33 and 0.71 + 0.26 (p=0.001), serum Alkaline phosphatase was 79.48 + 14.84 and 23.65 + 12.21 (p=0.001) in parenteral and oral groups respectively.
CONCLUSION: We concluded that the parenteral route for vitamin. D supplementation is significantly better than the oral route in treating nutritional rickets in terms of mean change in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and serum alkaline phosphatase.
Toute phrase suppose un sujet, toute traduction, un choix !
Authors: Rădulescu Anda 
Published: May 2021

Le chapitre XXII du livre Versus : la version réfléchie. Des signes au texte (2004) de Michel Ballard est le point de départ de notre réflexion. La question que nous nous posons est : le choix du sujet dans une phrase repose-t-il sur une contrainte du système linguistique ou s’agit-il simplement d’un choix de traduction ? En nous appuyant sur une comparaison de la traduction en roumain du roman d’Amélie Nothomb, Métaphysique des tubes (2000), nous avons analysé les contraintes dues au système linguistique roumain (sujet inclus, sujet sous-entendu), les rôles thématiques dans la construction du sujet, la nécessité d’expliciter le sujet pour faciliter la compréhension, la préférence du traducteur Giuliano Sfichi pour les sujets animés et pour les constructions passives. Sauf contraintes du système, le choix du sujet est dicté par l’intention de communication et le point de vue du traducteur.
A rapid reversed-phase thin layer chromatographic detection protocol for adulteration in some edible fats and oils food formulation
Authors: Olajide Mustapha Aliru , Rashidat Adepoju Adenike , Olugbenga Fadipe Victor 
Published: May 2021

The problems of adulteration in the vegetable oil and fat have been the major draw backs in the food products formulation, in spite of the various adulteration detection methods in different applications that have been reported. However, the detection tools that can be fast and reliable for the routine analysis necessitated the current work. The two groups of three different samples: vegetable fat containing sample (Blue Band, Golden Penny, La Prairie Classic) and animal fat containing samples (Kell Salad Cream, Crosse & Blackwell and Nola) was used for the purity check using the reversed phased - thin layer chromatographic (RPTLC) method of analysis were developed. The average Rf ratio of 0.95 and 0.92, found for the vegetable and animal fat groups were reported, respectively. The Rf = 0.03 difference between the two groups indicated the presence of sistosterol (plant sterol) and cholesterol (animal sterol), an improvement over color detection methods to screen oils and fats to ascertain purity.
Keywords: Sistosterol, Cholesterol, Adulteration, Animal fat, Vegetable oil
Analysis of consumer behaviour in a retail drugstore chain in Russia based on the type of consumer loyalty
Authors: Galkina Galina , Gribkova Elena , Pak Tatiana , Bazarkina Olga , Sudarenko Kristina , Kurashov Maxim , Smirnov Alexey 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To identify the consumer loyalty types in a retail segment of the Russian pharmaceutical market.
Methods: A sociological study was conducted in pharmaceutical organisations of various forms of ownership, located in different administrative districts of Moscow (Russian Federation). This was done using a questionnaire developed in advance, and based on literature review. The survey involved 480 respondents selected in a simple random sampling.
Results: All questionnaire filled out by the respondents were considered valid. Analysis of the loyalty parameters obtained during the study are as follows: (1) behavioural (repeated purchases), (2) emotional (subjective opinions and experience, sympathy, respect for the brand, etc) and (3) rational (utility assessment) components (4) consumer satisfaction, (5) the desire to buy again, (6) the ability to switch to competitors. They were allocated to four consumer segments. In the course of the study, one consumer segment identified a type of loyalty that had not been previously reviewed by other authors; therefore, a modified classification of the loyalty types was created. Under this classification, constancy, constancy imaginary, inconstancy, and migratory loyalties can be some types of loyalty. The identified socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents influenced the categorization of the loyalty type.
Conclusion: A modified classification of loyalty types was created which serves as a parameter for segmentation of the respondents into four groups, with well-readable characteristics and the primary trends in making purchases.
Erratum for “Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Thunbergia laurifolia on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats”
Authors: Palipoch Sarawoot , Koomhin Phanit , Punsawad Chuchard , Suwannalert Prasit 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of T. laurifolia against alcoholic liver injury in rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered either normal saline, ethanol (EtOH), normal saline with low or high dose T. laurifolia leaf extract (TL-LD or TL-HD), EtOH with TL-LD or EtOH with TL-HD. Blood biochemical indices: hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, liver histopathology, hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expressions, were determined using standard methods.
Results: The leaf extract of T. Laurifolia decreased hepatic MDA levels, improved liver pathology and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokinesin ethanol-treated rats.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that aqueous extract of T. Laurifolia exerts hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver injury through a mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Morphological evaluation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells treated with DMEM extract of Turkish propolis
Authors: Uçar Meltem , Değer Orhan 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of DMEM extract of Turkish propolis (TP) on the morphology of metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells.
Methods: The cells were incubated with DMEM extract of TP (collected from Trabzon in Turkey) at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL for 72 h. The effect of DMEM extract on proliferation and cytotoxicity of the cells was determined using 3-[4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion assay. MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with or without extracts were randomly photographed with a camera-coupled inverted microscope. Treated and control MDA-MB-231 cells were classified as monopolar, bipolar or multipolar, and their dimensions measured with an electronic caliper.
Results: Although the extract reduced the proliferation of the cells, the effect was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, no cytotoxic effect was observed. Field diameters, process length and cell body diameters of the treated cells were increased by DMEM extract treatment in bipolar and multipolar cell types, but these parameters were decreased in monopolar cell type, although insignificantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the process thickness of treated MDA-MB-231 cells increased insignificantly in all cell types (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that DMEM extract of TP at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL morphologically suppresses monopolar MDA-MB-231 cells. Future studies would examine the morphological effects of different concentrations of the propolis extract in anti-proliferation, cytotoxicity and morphological investigations in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Swarna Prashana Samskar In Ayurveda-a critical review
Authors: Nishad Prashant , Bhonsle Amiya , Anchal Chandrakar 
Published: May 2021

The health promotive, disease preventive and rejuvenation approach available in the Indian system of medicine that is known as â€˜Ayurvedaâ€™, which is gaining greater attention and popularity in many regions of the world. Ayurvedic pharmacology classifies medicinal plants into different groups according to their actions. One of these is the â€˜Rasayanaâ€™. It deals with the preservation and promotion of the health by revitalizing the metabolism and enhancing the immunity. In Kashyap samnhita sutrasthan Swarna prashana samskar is a unique method of giving swarna bhasma mixed with honey and ghrita that is fortified with herbal extract to children orally. This process promotes overall growth in a natural way. This paper deals with the process of Swarna prashan sanskara, its uses the role of the Swarna with the other drugs, ingredients in the children, and also to determinate Swarna prashana as a natural immunization process.
A comprehensive review of senile immature cataract and its correlation with kaphaj kach in ayurvedic literature.
Authors: Patil Swapna Ramakant , Dhote Shilpa 
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda, The science of life, since its origin is serving the mankind throughout in health & disease state of life. Shalakyatantra, one of its specialized branch deals with the science of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Orodental surgery & Head; was contributed and developed by Rajrishi Nimi, the King of Videha, who was a colleague of Atreya, Punarvasu, Dhanwantri, Bharadwaja, Kashyapa etc. The available literature related to this speciality is reproduced from original text of Nimitantra in Uttartantra of Sushruta samhita.
Correlation of Tritiya Patalagata kach with modern science is varies according to different authors, but according to some it can be correlated with different stages of senile immature cataract after considering the signs and symptoms and histological changes in the lens.One of the oldest concepts is that precipitation, denaturation, coagulation or agglutination of soluble lens protein is responsible for lens opacification. Accordingly after considering signs and symptoms, here correlating Kaphaja kach with Senile Immature Cataract. Senile immature Cataract is also called as age related Cataract. It is one of the major causes for the age related visual impairment and blindness. It affects 11.5- to 15.5 million persons worldwide. At certain age of life, opacification of lens starts in everyoneâ€™s eye which leads to gradual diminished vision or loss of vision. which means gradual opacification leads to cataract. According to modern science, senile immature cataract can be correlated with kaphaja kach. In modern science surgery is the only treatment available in cataract. In Ayurveda our Acharyas have mentioned various procedures like anjana, aschotana, pariseka, tarpana to delay kach or arrest the procedure of opacification. which can be useful in senile immature cataract.
Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal Jalan Abdullah Daeng Sirua – Batua Raya – Taman Makam Pahlawan Kota Makassar
Authors: Kendek Febry Gita , Rachman Rais , Radjawane Louise Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisa kinerja persimpangan bersinyal di kawasan komersil perkotaan dengan menggunakan metode MKJI 1997. Lokasi penelitian persimpangan jalan Abdullah Daeng Sirua – Jalan Batua Raya – Jalan Taman makam Pahlawan. Kendaraan yang diamati diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenisnya, yaitu sepeda motor, kendaraan ringan dan kendaraan berat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai derajat kejenuhan tertinggi 1,4 terjadi pada jam sibuk sore dan terendah pada jam sibuk siang hari sebesar 0,8. Hubungan arus terhadap kapasitas, hubungan arus terhadap antrian, dan hubungan arus terhadap tundaan pada simpang bersinyal jalan Abdullah Daeng Sirua – Jalan Taman Makam Pahlawan – Jalan Batua Raya yaitu berbanding lurus dimana semakin besar nilai arus maka semakin besar pula kapasitas, antrian dan tundaan.
Tinjauan Perencanaan Spillway Bendungan Karalloe di Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Alik Nataniel Yunus , Tanan Benyamin , Lukman Melly 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang tinjauan perencanaan Spillway pada proyek Bendungan Karalloe. Spillway tersebut berfungsi untuk mengalirkan air yang berlebihan dari bendungan agar tidak terjadi overtopping pada bendungan kembali ke sungai. Digunakan tiga metode dalam perhitungan analisa curah hujan yaitu Metode Gumbel, Log Pearson Tipe III, dan Log Normal. Debit banjir rancangan dianalisis menggunakan Metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintesis Gama-I. Perencanaan Spillway direncanakan berdasarkan perbedaan debit banjir rancangan dan tipe mercu Spillway. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan debit banjir rancangan sebesar 613,251 m3/det dan tinggi energi di atas mercu sebesar 2,902 m dengan menggunakan tipe mercu bulat.
Efficacy of Bio-Insecticides and Synthetic Insecticides on the Control of Helicoverpa armigera Insect on Tomato Crop
Authors: Ahmad Taimur , Khan Rasool , Ullah Mazhar , Khattak Tariq Nawaz , Ahmad Imtiaz , Khan Ihsanullah , Khan Ayaz , Khan Saleem 
Published: May 2021

A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of botanical extracts i.e. neem oil emulsified with NIFA adjuvant, turmeric and hinge crude extracts and neem oil in combination with white oil emulsified with NIFA adjuvants and the synthetic insecticides i.e. emamectin and bifenthrin on the control of Helicoverpa armigera on tomato crop. It was found that the highest control of H. armigera was observed for emamactin and the lowest was recoded for control. Similarly, the highest yield of tomato was recoded for neem-white oil treatment and lowest infestation was recorded for emamactin benzoate. The neem oil and neem oil in combination with white oil emulsified with NIFA adjuvant also showedbetter results than bifenthrin and hinge and turmeric crude extracts in controlling the larvae population of H. armigera. On the basis of these findings, neem oil and neem oil combined with white oil is the best management technique for controlling the H. armigera, as these agents pose least environmental hazards and are relatively nontoxic to beneficial insects and humans and readily photodegrade.
Keywords: