bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetism of Na2[Ir(OH)6] and its Dehydration to Na2IrO3
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Poddig Hagen , Hunger Jens , Ruck Michael , Benrath Philipp , Möller Angela , Doert Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYellow single‐crystals of Na2[Ir(OH)6] were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in 20 m sodium hydroxide solution at 473 K within 5 hours. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed the trigonal space group
(no. 148) with lattice parameters a=582.76(3) pm and c=1399.30(8) pm at 100(1) K. Na2[Ir(OH)6] crystallizes in a hettotype of Mg(OH)2 (brucite) and is isostructural to Na2[Sn(OH)6]. The oxygen atoms are arranged in a hexagonal close packing, Na+ and Ir4+ ions occupy the octahedral voids in every second layer in an ordered manner, the voids of the next layers remain empty. The hydroxidometalate layer can be seen as isolated [Ir(OH)6]2− octahedra, which are embedded in a honeycomb net of alkali metal cations. Temperature‐dependent magnetic measurements revealed paramagnetic behavior with an effective moment of 1.9 μB per iridium ion. The thermal decomposition of Na2[Ir(OH)6] in air starts at about 220 °C and results in pure Na2IrO3.
Social Vulnerability of Rural Dwellers to Climate Variability: Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Jemimah Timothy , Umoh Idongesit Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor their livelihood activities, rural farming communities depend more on extractive capital. Their capacity to cultivate sufficiently for their family maintenance is greatly impeded by the absence of either temperature or rainfall quantity pattern or uniformity. The divergent effects of recent extreme weather events around the world, including within relatively small geographical areas, exemplify the unequal impacts of climate change on populations. Akwa Ibom State has been found vulnerable to extreme weather events, such as flooding, severe storms, and rising sea levels, leading to homelessness, poverty, conflicts, and war for millions of people. All of these have resulted in social disturbances and dislocations among rural populations, especially in coastal communities, making them more vulnerable to climate variability. In the field of social vulnerability in the state, not much has been achieved. This chapter analyzes the vulnerability of the rural population to climate variability; the socio-economic characteristics of the rural population; the index of social vulnerability of rural dwellers to climate variability; social vulnerability factors; and the rural population’s social vulnerability mitigation initiatives in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Social science approaches to human vulnerability draw critical attention to the root causes and factors why people are forced to respond to risks from climate change. A complex social approach to vulnerability is most likely to enhance mitigation and adaptation preparation efforts, given that vulnerability is a multidimensional mechanism rather than an invariable state.
DeepHTTP: Anomalous HTTP Traffic Detection and Malicious Pattern Mining Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yu Yuqi , Yan Hanbing , Ma Yuan , Zhou Hao , Guan Hongchao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) accounts for a large portion of Internet application-layer traffic. Since the payload of HTTP traffic can record website status and user request information, many studies use HTTP protocol traffic for web application attack detection. In this work, we propose DeepHTTP, an HTTP traffic detection framework based on deep learning. Unlike previous studies, this framework not only performs malicious traffic detection but also uses the deep learning model to mine malicious fields of the traffic payload. The detection model is called AT-Bi-LSTM, which is based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) with attention mechanism. The attention mechanism can improve the discriminative ability and make the result interpretable. To enhance the generalization ability of the model, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method. Experiments show that DeepHTTP has an excellent performance in malicious traffic discrimination and pattern mining.
A Label Propagation Based User Locations Prediction Algorithm in Social Network
Authors: Ma Huan , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetwork community detection is an important service provided by social networks, and social network user location can greatly improve the quality of community detection. Label propagation is one of the main methods to realize the user location prediction. The traditional label propagation algorithm has the problems including “location label countercurrent” and the update randomness of node location label, which seriously affects the accuracy of user location prediction. In this paper, a new location prediction algorithm for social networks based on improved label propagation algorithm is proposed. By computing the K-hop public neighbor of any two point in the social network graph, the nodes with the maximal similarity and their K-hopping neighbors are merged to constitute the initial label propagation set. The degree of nodes not in the initial set are calculated. The node location labels are updated asynchronously is adopted during the iterative process, and the node with the largest degree is selected to update the location label. The improvement proposed solves the “location label countercurrent” and reduces location label updating randomness. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of position prediction and reduces the time cost compared with the traditional algorithms.
A Survey on Cyberspace Search Engines
Authors: Li Ruiguang , Shen Meng , Yu Hao , Li Chao , Duan Pengyu , Zhu Lihuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of cyberspace search engine, and makes a deep survey on 5 well-known search engines, say Shodan, Censys, BinaryEdge, ZoomEye and Fofa, by querying official websites, analyzing APIs, and making academic research. We discuss the following items in details: Supporting internet protocols, Total amounts of detected devices, Device information, Scanning frequency, System architecture, The third party databases, Probes distribution, etc. We give a comprehensive comparison of the detecting abilities and working principles of the cyberspace search engines.
Based on GAN Generating Chaotic Sequence
Authors: Chen Xuguang , Ma Hongbin , Ji Pujun , Liu Haiting , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an adversarial encryption algorithm based on generating chaotic sequence by GAN is proposed. Starting from the poor leakage resistance of the basic adversarial encryption communication model based on GAN, the network structure was improved. Secondly, this paper used the generated adversarial network to generate chaotic-like sequences as the key K and entered the improved adversarial encryption model. The addition of the chaotic model further improved the security of the key. In the subsequent training process, the encryption and decryption party and the attacker confront each other and optimize, and then obtain a more secure encryption model. Finally, this paper analyzes the security of the proposed encryption scheme through the key and overall model security. After subsequent experimental tests, this encryption method can eliminate the chaotic periodicity to a certain extent and the model’s anti-attack ability has also been greatly improved. After leaking part of the key to the attacker, the secure communication can still be maintained.
MinerGate: A Novel Generic and Accurate Defense Solution Against Web Based Cryptocurrency Mining Attacks
Authors: Yu Guorui , Yang Guangliang , Li Tongxin , Han Xinhui , Guan Shijie , Zhang Jialong , Gu Guofei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWeb-based cryptocurrency mining attacks, also known as cryptojacking, become increasingly popular. A large number of diverse platforms (e.g., Windows, Linux, Android, and iOS) and devices (e.g., PC, smartphones, tablets, and even critical infrastructures) are widely impacted. Although a variety of detection approaches were recently proposed, it is challenging to apply these approaches to attack prevention directly.Instead, in this paper, we present a novel generic and accurate defense solution, called “MinerGate”, against cryptojacking attacks. To achieve the goal, MinerGate is designed as an extension of network gateways or proxies to protect all devices behind it. When attacks are identified, MinerGate can enforce security rules on victim devices, such as stopping the execution of related JavaScript code and alerting victims. Compared to prior approaches, MinerGate does not require any modification of browsers or apps to collect the runtime features. Instead, MinerGate focuses on the semantics of mining payloads (usually written in WebAssembly/asm.js), and semantic-based features.In our evaluation, we first verify the correctness of MinerGate by testing MinerGate in a real environment. Then, we check MinerGate’s performance and confirm MinerGate introduces relatively low overhead. Last, we verify the accuracy of MinerGate. For this purpose, we collect the largest WebAssembly/asm.js related code with ground truth to build our experiment dataset. By comparing prior approaches and MinerGate on the dataset, we find MinerGate achieves better accuracy and coverage (i.e., 99% accuracy and 98% recall). Our dataset will be available online, which should be helpful for more solid understanding of cryptojacking attacks.
Research Status and Prospect of Blockchain Technology in Agriculture Field
Authors: Xu Dawei , Wang Weiqi , Zhu Liehuang , Li Ruiguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgriculture 4.0 is the era of integrating intelligent technologies in agriculture. Problems such as low informatization, food safety, high management cost and imbalance between supply and demand in agriculture have greatly hindered the development of agriculture. The various properties of blockchain technology can make up for the lack of agricultural mechanism, and the fusion of the two is a hot issue in the application of blockchain. Blockchain technology has already had some application cases in the field of agriculture. Based on the research status of Chinese and foreign scholars in this field, this paper firstly introduces the basic overview of blockchain. Then, with agricultural supply chain and agricultural product traceability as the core, it describes the application of blockchain technology in the agricultural field, and further explores solutions to different application problems. Finally, combined with the practical application of “agriculture + blockchain”, relevant Suggestions are proposed to provide reference for cross-disciplinary research.
Research on the Remote Deployment Design of OTN Electrical Racks
Authors: Yang Tianpu , Gao Junshi , Wang Haitao , Dai Guangchong , Zhai Rui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of 4G and multimedia services drives the exponential increase of the demand for transmission bandwidth. The OTN technology therefore emerges. In recent years, the number of OTN devices in backbone and core equipment rooms has increased sharply. However, due to factors such as equipment room planning, air conditioner, and power supply, new electrical racks cannot be installed in the same equipment room as original optical racks during OTN expansion of 80-wavelength systems. The remote deployment of OTN electrical racks has certain impact on OTN system indicators, OM/OD, and OTU optical-layer parameters. This document analyzes the factors that are affected by the remote deployment of OTN electrical racks, creates simulation models based on scenarios, and provides suggestions on the remote deployment design of OTN electrical racks.
Luftverschmutzung und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen
Authors: Münzel Thomas , Hahad Omar , Daiber Andreas , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Luftverschmutzung in der Umgebung und in Haushalten ist weltweit jährlich für mittlerweile knapp 9 Mio. vermeidbare, vorzeitige Todesfälle und innerhalb Europas für knapp 800.000 solcher Todesfälle verantwortlich. Die Luftverschmutzung verkürzt somit weltweit die Lebenserwartung um knapp 3 Jahre. Das Rauchen, ein nachgewiesener Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko-Faktor, verkürzt die mittlere Lebenserwartung um 2,2 Jahre. Epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub mit erhöhter kardiovaskulärer Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert ist. Hierfür verantwortlich sind hauptsächlich durch Feinstaub ausgelöste oder verschlimmerte Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, wie koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK), Herzinfarkt, Herzinsuffizienz, Schlaganfall, Hypertonie und auch Diabetes. Feinstaubpartikel können nach Inhalation zum einen direkt ins Gehirn und zum anderen über einen Transitionsprozess in die Blutbahn gelangen. Dort werden sie in die Blutgefäße aufgenommen, wo sie die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) in der Gefäßwand stimulieren. Damit begünstigen sie die Entstehung atherosklerotischer Veränderungen und steigern so das kardiovaskuläre Risiko, insbesondere eine Zunahme an chronisch-ischämischer Herzerkrankung und Schlaganfall. Neuere Untersuchungen berichten, dass bei COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Patienten ein hoher Grad an Luftverschmutzung mit schweren Krankheitsverläufen mit kardiovaskulären Komplikationen und Lungenerkrankungen korreliert. Dies macht präventive Maßnahmen, wie z. B. eine Absenkung der Grenzwerte für Luftschadstoffe, erforderlich. Individuelle Maßnahmen, um die gesundheitlichen Folgen von Feinstaub abzumildern, werden ebenfalls diskutiert.
High cut-off microdialysis catheters to clinically investigate cytokine changes following flap transfer
Authors: Tollan Clare Josephine , MacFarlane Niall G. , MacKay Iain R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
‘Choke vessels’ are thought to dilate in the first 72 h when blood flow to an area is disrupted. This study used ‘high cut-off’ microdialysis catheters in clinical research to investigate factors mediating circulatory change within free flaps.

Methods
Six patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction each had three ‘high cut-off’ microdialysis catheters, with a membrane modification allowing molecules as large as 100 kDa to pass, inserted into Hartrampf zones 1, 2 and 4 to assess multiple vascular territories. Microdialysis continued for 72 h post-operatively. Samples were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and fibroblast growth factor basic (FGFβ).

Results
Three hundred and twenty-four samples were analysed for IL-6, FGFβ and TNFα totalling 915 analyses. IL-6 showed an increasing trend until 36 h post-operatively before remaining relatively constant. Overall, there was an increase (p < 0.001) over the time period from 4 to 72 h, fitting a linear trend. TNFα had a peak around 20–24 h before a gradual decrease. There was a significant linear time trend (p = 0.029) between 4 and 76 h, decreasing over the time period. FGFβ concentrations did not appear to have any overall difference in concentration with time. The concentration however appeared to oscillate about a horizontal trend line. There were no differences between the DIEP zones in concentrations of cytokines collected.

Conclusion
This study uses high-cut off microdialysis catheters to evaluate changes in cytokines, and requires further research to be undertaken to add to our knowledge of choke vessels and flap physiology.

Level of evidence:
Level IV, diagnostic study.
Requirements for Study Registration and Adherence to Reporting Guidelines in Surgery Journals: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Zhou Jing , Li Jianqiang , Zhang Jingao , Geng Bo , Chen Yao , Zhou Xiaobin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundReporting guidelines and study registration can minimize bias and improve the reporting quality of biomedical research, but may not be fully utilized. The objective of this study was to investigate the policies of surgery journals as for reporting guidelines and study registration and explore associated journal characteristic variables.MethodsStudy samples were obtained from the Expanded Science Citation Index of the 2018 Journal Citation Reports (surgery category). The online guides for authors were browsed to identify which journals endorsed reporting guidelines and study registration. The predictors related to the endorsement were explored by using Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis, respectively.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐eight surgery journals were included in our study. One hundred and sixty‐three journals (86.7%) endorsed reporting guidelines and 103 journals (54.8%) endorsed study registration. About reporting guidelines, ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) recommendations were the most frequently endorsed (n = 155, 82.4%) by journals, followed by CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement (n = 94, 50.0%). About study registration, randomized controlled trial registration was endorsed by 101 (53.7%) journals, whereas the systematic review registration was endorsed by only 9 journals (4.8%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that not North America, higher JCR (Journal Citation Reports) rank journals were more likely to endorse reporting guidelines and study registration.ConclusionsSurgery journals frequently use reporting guidelines, but nearly half of journals did not require study registration. Implementing these two mechanisms can prevent bias, and their adoption should be strengthened by authors, reviewers and journal editors in surgery.
Measuring strain in the exoskeleton of spiders—virtues and caveats
Authors: Blickhan Reinhard , Weihmann Tom , Barth Friedrich G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe measurement of cuticular strain during locomotion using foil strain gauges provides information both on the loads of the exoskeleton bears and the adaptive value of the specific location of natural strain detectors (slit sense organs). Here, we critically review available literature. In tethered animals,by applying loads to the metatarsus tip,strain and mechanical sensitivity (S = strain/load) induced at various sites in the tibia were determined. The loci of the lyriform organs close to the tibia–metatarsus joint did not stand out by high strain. The strains induced at various sites during free locomotion can be interpreted based onSand, beyond the joint region, on beam theory. Spiders avoided laterad loading of the tibia–metatarsus joint during slow locomotion. Balancing body weight, joint flexors caused compressive strain at the posterior and dorsal tibia. While climbing upside down strain measurements indicate strong flexor activity. In future studies, a precise calculation and quantitative determination of strain at the sites of the lyriform organs will profit from more detailed data on the overall strain distribution, morphology, and material properties. The values and caveats of the strain gauge technology, the only one applicable to freely moving spiders, are discussed.
Mindreading and metacognition patterns in patients with borderline personality disorder: experimental study
Authors: Cyrkot Tomasz , Szczepanowski Remigiusz , Jankowiak-Siuda Kamila , Gawęda Łukasz , Cichoń Ewelina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent psychopathology attempts to understand personality disorders in relation to deficits in higher cognition such as mindreading and metacognition. Deficits in mindreading are usually related to limitations in or a complete lack of the capacity to understand and attribute mental states to others, while impairments in metacognition concern dysfunctional control and monitoring of one’s own processes. The present study investigated dysfunctional higher cognition in the population of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) by analyzing the accuracy of metacognitive judgments in a mindreading task [reading the mind in the eyes Test (RMET)] and a subsequent metacognitive task based on self-report scales: a confidence rating scale (CR) versus a post-decision wagering scale (PDW). It turned out that people from the BPD group scored lower in the RMET. However, both groups had the same levels of confidence on the PDW scale when giving incorrect answers in the RMET test. As initially hypothesized, individuals with BPD overestimated their confidence in incorrect answers, regardless of the type of metacognitive scales used. The present findings indicate that BPD individuals show dysfunctional patterns between instances of mindreading and metacognition.
Pinched ancient solutions to the high codimension mean curvature flow
Authors: Lynch Stephen , Nguyen Huy The 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study solutions of high codimension mean curvature flow defined for all negative times, usually referred to as ancient solutions. We show that any compact ancient solution whose second fundamental form satisfies a certain natural pinching condition must be a family of shrinking spheres. Andrews and Baker (J Differ Geom 85(3):357–395, 2010) have shown that initial submanifolds satisfying this pinching condition, which generalises the notion of convexity, converge to round points under the flow. As an application, we use our result to simplify their proof.
Cytokine adsorption therapy in lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rademacher Jan-Gerd , Wulf Gerald , Koziolek Michael J. , Zeisberg Michael , Wallbach Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLymphoma-associated Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) represents a severe complication of disease progression, mediated through cytokine release from the lymphoma cells. Cytokine adsorption may contribute as a supportive treatment to stabilize organ function by reduction of cytokine levels. So far, no experiences of cytokine adsorption and simultaneous stem cell transplantation were published. We report the case of a patient with aggressive lymphoma secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia with rapidly progressive HLH (Richter’s transformation) upon conditioning chemotherapy prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Continuous hemodiafiltration was initiated in the treatment of shock with acute renal failure, lactacidosis and need for high-dose catecholamine therapy, integrating an additional cytokine-adsorbing filter (CytoSorb®) to reduce cytokine levels. This was followed by scheduled allogenic stem cell transplantation. We observed a marked decrease in interleukin-6 plasma levels, associated with a reduced need for vasopressor therapy and organ function stabilization. Hematopoietic engraftment was present at day 14 post-ASCT, leading to disease-free discharge at day 100 post-transplantation. Cytokine adsorption may serve as a safe adjunct to HLH/sepsis treatment during allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clinical studies are required to make future treatment recommendations.
Efficiency in reducing air pollutants and healthcare expenditure in the Seoul Metropolitan City of South Korea
Authors: Kumbhakar Subal C. , An Jiyeon , Rashidghalam Masoomeh , Heshmati Almas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes efficiency in the reduction of air pollutants and the associated healthcare costs using a stochastic frontier cost function panel data approach. For the empirical analysis, we use monthly data covering 25 districts in the Seoul metropolitan city of South Korea observed over the period January 2010 to December 2017. Our results show large variations in air pollution and healthcare costs across districts and over time and their efficiency in reducing air pollutants. The study concludes that efforts are needed to apply the World Health Organization’s air quality standards for designing and implementing location-specific customized policies for improving the level of air quality and its equal distribution, provision of health services, and improved efficiency in improving air quality standards. The study identifies a number of determinants of air pollutants and efficiency enhancement which provide useful pointers for policymakers for addressing the current environmental problems in South Korea.