bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance plasmid composition and architecture in Escherichia coli isolates from meat
Authors: Darphorn Tania S. , Bel Keshia , Koenders-van Sint Anneland Belinda B. , Brul Stanley , Ter Kuile Benno H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResistance plasmids play a crucial role in the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from the veterinary sector to human healthcare. In this study plasmids from foodborne Escherichia coli isolates with a known (ES)BL or tetracycline resistance were sequenced entirely with short- and long-read technologies to obtain insight into their composition and to identify driving factors for spreading. Resistant foodborne E. coli isolates often contained several plasmids coding for resistance to various antimicrobials. Most plasmids were large and contained multiple resistance genes in addition to the selected resistance gene. The majority of plasmids belonged to the IncI, IncF and IncX incompatibility groups. Conserved and variable regions could be distinguished in each of the plasmid groups. Clusters containing resistance genes were located in the variable regions. Tetracycline and (extended spectrum) beta-lactamase resistance genes were each situated in separate clusters, but sulphonamide, macrolide and aminoglycoside formed one cluster and lincosamide and aminoglycoside another. In most plasmids, addiction systems were found to maintain presence in the cell.
Tuning the hierarchical pore structure of graphene oxide through dual thermal activation for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Kim Jeongpil , Eum Jeong-Hyun , Kang Junhyeok , Kwon Ohchan , Kim Hansung , Kim Dae Woo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we introduce a simple method to prepare hierarchical graphene with a tunable pore structure by activating graphene oxide (GO) with a two-step thermal annealing process. First, GO was treated at 600 °C by rapid thermal annealing in air, followed by subsequent thermal annealing in N2. The prepared graphene powder comprised abundant slit nanopores and micropores, showing a large specific surface area of 653.2 m2/g with a microporous surface area of 367.2 m2/g under optimized conditions. The pore structure was easily tunable by controlling the oxidation degree of GO and by the second annealing process. When the graphene powder was used as the supercapacitor electrode, a specific capacitance of 372.1 F/g was achieved at 0.5 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, which is a significantly enhanced value compared to that obtained using activated carbon and commercial reduced GO. The performance of the supercapacitor was highly stable, showing 103.8% retention of specific capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. The influence of pore structure on the supercapacitor performance was systematically investigated by varying the ratio of micro- and external surface areas of graphene.
Terahertz optics-driven phase transition in two-dimensional multiferroics
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Shunhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDisplacive martensitic phase transition is potentially promising in semiconductor-based data storage applications with fast switching speed. In addition to traditional phase transition materials, the recently discovered two-dimensional ferroic materials are receiving a lot of attention owing to their fast ferroic switching dynamics, which could tremendously boost data storage density and enhance read/write speed. In this study, we propose that a terahertz laser with an intermediate intensity and selected frequency can trigger ferroic order switching in two-dimensional multiferroics, which is a damage-free noncontacting approach. Through first-principles calculations, we theoretically and computationally investigate optically induced electronic, phononic, and mechanical responses of two experimentally fabricated multiferroic (with both ferroelastic and ferroelectric) materials, β-GeSe and α-SnTe monolayer. We show that the relative stability of different orientation variants can be effectively manipulated via the polarization direction of the terahertz laser, which is selectively and strongly coupled with the transverse optical phonon modes. The transition from one orientation variant to another can be barrierless, indicating ultrafast transition kinetics and the conventional nucleation-growth phase transition process can be avoidable.
Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: He Jason L. , Wodka Ericka , Tommerdahl Mark , Edden Richard A. E. , Mikkelsen Mark , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Puts Nicolaas A. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination, and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Interestingly, in our subsequent correlation analyses between tactile perception and disorder-specific clinical symptoms, tactile detection and order judgment correlated exclusively with the core symptoms of ADHD, while tactile discrimination correlated exclusively with the symptoms of ASD. When taken together, these results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.
Genome-wide analysis of DNA G-quadruplex motifs across 37 species provides insights into G4 evolution
Authors: Wu Feng , Niu Kangkang , Cui Yong , Li Cencen , Lyu Mo , Ren Yandong , Chen Yanfei , Deng Huimin , Huang Lihua , Zheng Sichun , Liu Lin , Wang Jian , Song Qisheng , Xiang Hui , Feng Qili 
Published: January 2021

AbstractG-quadruplex (G4) structures have been predicted in the genomes of many organisms and proven to play regulatory roles in diverse cellular activities. However, there is little information on the evolutionary history and distribution characteristics of G4s. Here, whole-genome characteristics of potential G4s were studied in 37 evolutionarily representative species. During evolution, the number, length, and density of G4s generally increased. Immunofluorescence in seven species confirmed G4s’ presence and evolutionary pattern. G4s tended to cluster in chromosomes and were enriched in genetic regions. Short-loop G4s were conserved in most species, while loop-length diversity also existed, especially in mammals. The proportion of G4-bearing genes and orthologue genes, which appeared to be increasingly enriched in transcription factors, gradually increased. The antagonistic relationship between G4s and DNA methylation sites was detected. These findings imply that organisms may have evolutionarily developed G4 into a novel reversible and elaborate transcriptional regulatory mechanism benefiting multiple physiological activities of higher organisms.
Nuclear Niño response observed in simulations of nuclear war scenarios
Authors: Coupe Joshua , Stevenson Samantha , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Rohr Tyler , Harrison Cheryl S. , Robock Alan , Olivarez Holly , Bardeen Charles G. , Toon Owen B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe climate impacts of smoke from fires ignited by nuclear war would include global cooling and crop failure. Facing increased reliance on ocean-based food sources, it is critical to understand the physical and biological state of the post-war oceans. Here we use an Earth system model to simulate six nuclear war scenarios. We show that global cooling can generate a large, sustained response in the equatorial Pacific, resembling an El Niño but persisting for up to seven years. The El Niño following nuclear war, or Nuclear Niño, would be characterized by westerly trade wind anomalies and a shutdown of equatorial Pacific upwelling, caused primarily by cooling of the Maritime Continent and tropical Africa. Reduced incident sunlight and ocean circulation changes would cause a 40% reduction in equatorial Pacific phytoplankton productivity. These results indicate nuclear war could trigger extreme climate change and compromise food security beyond the impacts of crop failure.
Cu(ii/i) redox couples: potential alternatives to traditional electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Srivishnu K. S. , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Giribabu Lingamallu 
Published: January 2021

DSSCs have reached certified efficiency of 11.9% and device efficiency of 14.3% using I−/I3− or Co(ii/iii) redox shuttles. But, they have many constraints and Cu(i/ii) electrolytes are found to be best alternatives and the efficiency has crossed 30% under low light conditions, potential applications in Internet of things.
Periodic DFT insights into hydrogen storage of a B4CN3 nanosheet
Authors: Rahimi Rezvan , Solimannejad Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

The B4CN3 monolayer is fulfilling both the conditions for utilizing it as a hydrogen storage material. First, favorable averaged adsorption energy per H2 molecule which is within the ideal range for faster adsorption/desorption kinetics and second, the H2 uptake capacity of B4CN3 monolayer is higher than the target set by DOE (5.5 wt% by 2020).
Spectroscopic observations of a flare-related coronal jet
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Huang Z. H. , Hou Y. J. , Li D. , Ning Z. J. , Wu Z. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Coronal jets are ubiquitous in active regions and coronal holes.
Aims. In this paper, we study a coronal jet related to a C3.4 circular-ribbon flare in the active region 12434 on 2015 October 16.
Methods. The flare and jet were observed in ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The line-of-sight magnetograms of the photosphere were observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board SDO. The whole event was covered by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph during its imaging and spectroscopic observations. Soft X-ray fluxes of the flare were recorded by the GOES spacecraft. Hard X-ray (HXR) fluxes at 4−50 keV were obtained from observations of RHESSI and Fermi. Radio dynamic spectra of the flare were recorded by the ground-based stations belonging to the e-Callisto network.
Results. Two minifilaments were located under a 3D fan-spine structure before flare. The flare was generated by the eruption of one filament. The kinetic evolution of the jet was divided into two phases: a slow rise phase at a speed of ∼131 km s−1 and a fast rise phase at a speed of ∼363 km s−1 in the plane-of-sky. The slow rise phase may correspond to the impulsive reconnection at the breakout current sheet. The fast rise phase may correspond to magnetic reconnection at the flare current sheet. The transition between the two phases occurred at ∼09:00:40 UT. The blueshifted Doppler velocities of the jet in the Si IV 1402.80 Å line range from −34 to −120 km s−1. The accelerated high-energy electrons are composed of three groups. Those propagating upward along the open field generate type III radio bursts, while those propagating downward produce HXR emissions and drive chromospheric condensation observed in the Si IV line. The electrons trapped in the rising filament generate a microwave burst lasting for ≤40 s. Bidirectional outflows at the base of jet are manifested by significant line broadenings of the Si IV line. The blueshifted Doppler velocities of outflows range from −13 to −101 km s−1. The redshifted Doppler velocities of outflows range from ∼17 to ∼170 km s−1.
Conclusions. Our multiwavelength observations of the flare-related jet are in favor of the breakout jet model and are important for understanding the acceleration and transport of nonthermal electrons.
Direct evidence for magnetic reconnection at the boundaries of magnetic switchbacks with Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Froment C. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Dudok de Wit T. , Agapitov O. , Fargette N. , Lavraud B. , Larosa A. , Kretzschmar M. , Jagarlamudi V. K. , Velli M. , Malaspina D. , Whittlesey P. L. , Bale S. D. , Case A. W. , Goetz K. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Larson D. E. , MacDowall R. J. , Mozer F. S. , Pulupa M. , Revillet C. , Stevens M. L. 
Published: January 2021

Context.The first encounters of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) with the Sun revealed the presence of ubiquitous localised magnetic deflections in the inner heliosphere; these structures, often called switchbacks, are particularly striking in solar wind streams originating from coronal holes.Aims.We report the direct piece of evidence for magnetic reconnection occurring at the boundaries of three switchbacks crossed by PSP at a distance of 45 to 48 solar radii to the Sun during its first encounter.Methods.We analyse the magnetic field and plasma parameters from the FIELDS and Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons instruments.Results.The three structures analysed all show typical signatures of magnetic reconnection. The ion velocity and magnetic field are first correlated and then anti-correlated at the inbound and outbound edges of the bifurcated current sheets with a central ion flow jet. Most of the reconnection events have a strong guide field and moderate magnetic shear, but one current sheet shows indications of quasi anti-parallel reconnection in conjunction with a magnetic field magnitude decrease by 90%.Conclusions.Given the wealth of intense current sheets observed by PSP, reconnection at switchback boundaries appears to be rare. However, as the switchback boundaries accomodate currents, one can conjecture that the geometry of these boundaries offers favourable conditions for magnetic reconnection to occur. Such a mechanism would thus contribute in reconfiguring the magnetic field of the switchbacks, affecting the dynamics of the solar wind and eventually contributing to the blending of the structures with the regular wind as they propagate away from the Sun.
One-Shot Deprotonative Metalation/Transmetalation/Polymerization of Halothiophenes Catalyzed by Nickel Complex for Polythiophene Synthesis
Authors: Mori Atsunori , Yamamoto Sonoka , Shibuya Yushin , Suzuki Toyoko , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffect of divalent metals was studied in the cross-coupling polymerization of thiophenes leading to head-to-tail-type poly-3-hexyl­thiophene. Deprotonation of the C–H bond at the 5-position of 2-halo-3-hexylthiophene by LDA followed by metal exchange was carried out in one pot and following addition of nickel catalyst underwent polymerization. One-shot reaction involving deprotonation/transmetalation/ cross coupling polymerization was also examined with manganese(II) chloride and nickel(II) catalyst.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in Osteoporosis and Fragility Hip Fracture Patients: A Retrospective NHANES Study
Authors: Nigh Evan D. , Summers Spencer H. , Nguyen Duc M. , Conway Sheila A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation therapy in osteoporosis reduces the risk of fragility fractures and correlates with improved mortality outcomes in postoperative fragility hip fracture patients. However, the prevalence of adequate supplementation in this population remains unclear. Our purpose was to describe supplement use among the adult population in United States who have been told they had osteoporosis and identify factors associated with adequate supplementation, particularly in patients with history of hip fracture. The study sample comprised a total of 15,968 respondents from the National Health and Examinations Survey (NHANES 2007–2010, 2013–2014); 1,065 self-reported a diagnosis of osteoporosis and 266 self-reported a history of hip fracture. Additional patient factors were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression to assess associated factors of adequate vitamin D (≥ 600 international unit [IU]/day) and calcium (≥ 1000 mg/day) supplementation. The prevalence of vitamin D and calcium supplementation was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than without (p = 0.001). However, supplemental intake reached adequate levels (≥ 600 IU/day of vitamin D and ≥ 1000mg/day of calcium) in only 28.8% of individuals with osteoporosis for vitamin D, 51.6% for calcium, and 19.2% for both. Of individuals with additional history of hip fracture, only 14% reported adequate intake of both nutrients. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35, p < 0.001), older age (OR: 1.02, p < 0.001), and Caucasian race (OR: 1.456, p = 0.004) were positive factors of adequate supplementation, while Hispanic ethnicity was a negative factor (OR: 0.658, p = 0.009). Unexpectedly, a history of hip fracture did not affect the odds of adequate treatment (OR: 0.685, p = 0.176). Adults with known osteoporosis in the United States are self-reporting inadequate supplementation therapy, and significant gender and racial disparities exist. There is a broad need for improved supplementation to help manage this disease, particularly among adults with prior hip fracture, a vulnerable population most relevant for orthopaedic surgeons. This study serves as a call-to-action for orthopaedic surgeons to ensure their fragility hip fracture patients receive adequate supplementation postoperatively to maximize their health and recovery. This was a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Effect of Adhatoda zeylanica Ethanolic Extract on Attenuated Kidney in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: D’souza Prima Swetha , Holla Rajendra , Swamy Gangadhara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda zeylanica (EAZ) leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats.Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected from a colony, divided into four groups, namely, A, B, C, and D, with each having six rats (n = 6) and each weighing between 200 and 250 g. Group A served as control and received only water per oral (p.o.). Group B, C, and D animals received a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kg body weight (kbw) intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) on day 1 and observed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to induce DM for next 72 hours. After the DM was induced, group B served as DM control, group C received the standard drug glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kbw p.o. once daily, and group D received EAZ of 500 mg/kbw p.o. once daily for 35 days. After the observation period, the animals were euthanized, serum creatinine and blood urea, antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate, and histopathological studies were assessed to know the ameliorative effect of the test drugs.Results Renal parameters, such as serum creatinine, blood urea, antioxidants activities, in group D were nearer to the control when compared with groups B and C. Histopathological studies revealed that there was minimal renal damage in group D when compared with groups B and C.Conclusion Administration of ethanolic EAZ showed significant ameliorative effects on the FBG, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters on kidney tissues treated with STZ to induce DM.
The challenges of rural family physician program in Iran: a discourse analysis of the introduction to criticizing power imbalance between rural health and mainstream urban health
Authors: Tamasizadeh Navekh Ghasem , Khosrobeigi Bozchalouie Reza , Hamidian Alireza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompared with many metropolitan residents, Iranians living in rural areas have a poorer health status partly due to the inequitable access to healthcare services. However, despite policy efforts to ameliorate the disparities, the gap in healthcare between rural and urban residents is growing wider according to several published studies. Among the fundamental causes of these disparities, dominant discourses play a critical role. This paper seeks to unpack the relations of power operated by socio-politically constructed discourses around rural health-promoting interventions, including rural Family Physician Program (FPP). We adopted a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) to examine how well-intentioned efforts to advance equity policy may unintentionally maintain discourse and practices that reinforce inequity. We followed the analytic steps, outlined by Carabine, for distinguishing discourses in order to select and analyze 25 documents, 31 interviews, and 21 observations. The analysis revealed three interconnected discourses with supporting roles constructed in opposition to the putative role of the designed program: the rural FPP to achieve the government’s ideological purposes about justice and equality (the discourse of deficits), the rural FPP to align with the urban-oriented medical curriculum (the discourse of career disadvantages) and the rural FPP to represent discipline perceptions about rural communities (the discourse of rural inferiority). These oppositional role constructions can hinder the proper functioning of this policy, usually in favor of urban claims on rural space.
Large remodeling of the Myc-induced cell surface proteome in B cells and prostate cells creates new opportunities for immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Wentao , Mou Kurt Yun , Solomon Paige , Aggarwal Rahul , Leung Kevin K. , Wells James A. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceMYC is a powerful transcription factor and when overexpressed can drive cancers. We broadly characterized the MYC-driven surfaceome in B cells and prostate cells using proteomics. MYC overexpression induces large bidirectional changes in the surfaceome through broad up-regulation of >80 metabolite transporters important for cell proliferation and paradoxical up-regulation of two receptors involved in cell turnover such as a TNF receptor family member and a natural killer cell activating ligand. We targeted these two receptors using recombinant bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) to kill MYC overexpressing cells. These cells are also more sensitive to toxic nucleosides to two up-regulated nucleoside transporters. Our studies identify surface targets or combinations thereof as possible candidates for immunotherapy or cytotoxic metabolites.
Kěài ‘cute’ in Mandarin
Authors: Chen Yu-Chieh , Li Jen-i 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The word kěài in Mandarin is semantically rich. However, little research has been devoted to examining
its meanings and uses, let alone possible innovative usage following the popularity of social media platforms. Hence, this study aims to
examine in detail (a) the descriptive range, meanings and functions of kěài, and (b) possible changes of its usage in
Internet communication. To achieve these goals, a total of 800 tokens of kěài were collected and analyzed–400 from the
Sinica Corpus and 400 from two widely used social media platforms, representing the data before and after social media platforms became
popular. Our major findings are: First, although human beings and non-human objects are what kěài mostly
describes, its descriptive range is shifting to more abstract entities for much higher percentages of Abstract Entity and Event are found on
the social media platforms. Second, the influence of age and gender factors has weakened. Third, although most of the non-human cases are
described as kěài due to their external features, most of the human cases in the Sinica Corpus are called
kěài for their external features while on the social media platforms, for their non-external features. Fourth,
kěài conveys positive meanings most of the time, and the three most frequently found meanings of kěài in
the Sinica Corpus are different from those on the social media platforms. Fifth, kěài is found to serve as hedges in both
sets of data, but it is also used to show surprise on the social media platforms.