bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated geophysical and archaeological approach to the study of the Late Medieval castle in Żelechów in Mazovia, Poland
Authors: Bis Wojciech , Herbich Tomasz , Ryndziewicz Robert , Osiadacz Mateusz , Radomski Maciej , Cembrzyński Paweł , Zbieranowski Michał , Majewski Jarosław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of the 2016–2019 study of the residence of the noble Ciołek family, in Żelechów (Mazovia, eastern Poland). The complex, located on a marshy and overgrown terrain, was recently discovered through the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data analysis. The site was surveyed using three geophysical methods: magnetometry (fluxgate gradiometer); electrical resistivity (two level twin‐probe profiling); ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) (450‐MHz antenna). The data allowed to formulate hypotheses on the layout of the complex, its functions, phases and used building materials, which were verified by simultaneously conducted archaeological excavations. Adopted interdisciplinary approach resulted in the comprehensive exploration of the large defensive residence and the reconstruction of its phases with only a minor use of the intrusive archaeological excavation method. The examination of written records and dendrochronological and numismatic analyses allowed to date the complex to the 15th–17th century as well as to verify some hypotheses formulated based on the geophysical data. The presented study gives an impulse for transdisciplinary geophysical, archaeological and historical exploration of rarely identified and scarcely researched noble residences on the border between two medieval administrative regions—Mazovia and Lesser Poland.
Environmental analysis on the first documented tornado outbreak in China
Authors: Bai Lanqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study presents an analysis on the storm environmental features during the first recorded tornado outbreak in the modern history of China on August 13–14, 2018. Eleven reported tornadoes were spawned within a 20‐hr period by Typhoon Yagi (1814) during its dissipating stage after its landfall. They primarily formed when Yagi was at a relatively weak intensity. Six tornadoes were generated after that Yagi had lost its intensity as a tropical depression. These tornadoes were mainly located in the northeast quadrant with respect to the typhoon center. Specifically, they were concentrated in the overlapping region of the large storm relative helicity (SRH) and large entraining convective available potential energy (E‐CAPE) that considers the effects of the environmental air entrainment. The intrusion of midlevel dry air was responsible for the spatial pattern of large‐value E‐CAPE. Special focus was further put into the dynamical diagnosis of the cause that the maxima in SRH were distributed in Yagi's northeast sector. On cylindrical coordinates, the northeast quadrant was characterized by the strongest upward increase in the radial velocity in a layer of 950–700 hPa, which resulted from the interaction between the typhoon circulation and the subtropical high and a midlevel trough. The resultant in‐up‐out radial wind profile contributed to the large helicity in the northeast quadrant. In the lowest 50 hPa layer, the helicity was mainly owed to the upward increase in the tangential velocity associated with typhoon vortex. The diagnoses of the atmospheric environment for the tornado outbreak in this case may provide additional benefit for assessing the tornado risk within landfalling tropical cyclones in China.
The effect of environmental regulations, top management commitment, and organizational learning on green product innovation: Evidence from automobile industry
Authors: Bhatia Manjot Singh , Jakhar Suresh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes and empirically examines a model to investigate the effect of environmental regulations, top management commitment (TMCO) and organizational learning toward green product innovation (GPI). The proposed theoretical model, grounded in dynamic capabilities view (DCV) and upper echelons theory, is analyzed by Partial least squares (PLS) method using the data from Indian automotive manufacturing firms. The findings indicate the importance of TMCO and organizational learning for implementing GPI (in response to regulations), and achieve desired performance. Further, organizational learning fully mediates between commitment of top management and GPI. The findings can be useful for managers in automotive manufacturing firms who are interested toward implementing GPI. The paper contributes to green innovation literature by empirically examining the role of TMCO and organizational learning for GPI.
Interactions of the Main Components in Paper‐Plastic‐Aluminum Complex Packaging Wastes during the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Wang Ying , Zhu Yitong , Fang Changqing , Xu Donghai , Zheng Xing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrothermal liquefaction was applied to treat paper‐plastic‐aluminum (Al‐PE‐Pa) complex packaging waste for bio‐oil production. The interactive effects between the main components of paper fiber, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and aluminum foil in such complex material were studied. The co‐liquefaction of paper fiber and LDPE had a significant synergistic effect. The addition of hydrogen‐rich LDPE effectively promoted the removal of oxygen‐containing groups. Aluminum foil had only a slight impact on the liquefaction of paper fiber, but it can significantly decrease the oxygen content of the bio‐oil, increase the high heating value of the bio‐oil, and significantly reduce the ester and phenol contents in the bio‐oil. The co‐liquefaction of paper fiber/LPDE/aluminum foil exhibited superimposed effects of paper‐plastic synergy and in‐situ hydrogenation of Al‐H2O reaction. A new pathway for the energy utilization of Al‐PE‐Pa complex packaging waste is provided.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsules with Appended Spiropyran Units: Towards Controlled Cargo Release
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Moncelsi Giulia , Aragay Gemma , Ballester Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of unprecedented tetra‐urea derivatives of calix[4]arene and calix[4]pyrrole containing four spiropyran (SP) units at their upper rim. We investigate the photo‐ and acid‐induced isomerization of the monomeric and homo‐dimeric tetra‐ureas derivatives using UV‐Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies. At micromolar concentration, irradiation of the samples with 365 nm light induces changes in their absorption spectra that are consistent with SP→merocyanine (MC) isomerization. However, analogous experiments at millimolar concentration do not produce noticeable changes in the 1H NMR spectra. The addition of triflic acid to micromolar and millimolar solutions of the tetra‐ureas produces the quantitative isomerization of the SP units to the protonated merocyanine form (E‐MCH+) and the simultaneous disassembly of the capsular dimers to form ill‐defined aggregates. The neutralization of the acid solutions resets the SP form. Under these acid/base treatment conditions, the controlled release of the included guest and the reassembly of the all‐SP tetra‐urea dimers occurs at different extents depending on its calix[4]arene or calix[4]pyrrole scaffold.
Non‐conventional Behavior of a 2,1‐Benzazaphosphole: Heterodiene or Hidden Phosphinidene?
Authors: Kremláček Vít , Kertész Erik , Benkő Zoltán , Erben Milan , Jirásko Robert , Růžička Aleš , Jambor Roman , Dostál Libor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe titled 2,1‐benzazaphosphole (1) (i. e. ArP, where Ar=2‐(DippN=CH)C6H4, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) showed a spectacular reactivity behaving both as a reactive heterodiene in hetero‐Diels‐Alder (DA) reactions or as a hidden phosphinidene in the coordination toward selected transition metals (TMs). Thus,1reacts with electron‐deficient alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2Me, C5F4N) giving 1‐phospha‐1,4‐dihydro‐iminonaphthalenes2and3, that undergo hydrogen migration producing 1‐phosphanaphthalenes4and5. Compound1is also able to activate the C=C double bond in selectedN‐alkyl/aryl‐maleimides RN(C(O)CH)2(R=Me,tBu, Ph) resulting in the addition products7–9with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structures. The binding of the maleimides to1is semi‐reversible upon heating. By contrast, when1was treated with selected TM complexes, it serves as a 4edonor bridging two TMs thus producing complexes [μ‐ArP(AuCl)2] (10), [(μ‐ArP)4Ag4][X]4(X=BF4(11), OTf (12)) and [μ‐ArP(Co2(CO)6)] (13). The structure and electron distribution of the starting material1as well as of other compounds were also studied from the theoretical point of view.
Efficient Decomposition of Formaldehyde on Ni−Al Hydrotalcite/AlOOH Nanocomposites Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Qin Lifan , Cheng Hefa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanocomposites of nickel‐aluminum hydrotalcite (Ni−Al HT) and boehmite (AlOOH) decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and evaluated for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature. Experimental results showed that Ni−Al HT modification improved the activity of Pt/AlOOH, and the nanocomposite with Ni/Al molar ratio of 1 : 9 (Pt/Ni1Al9) exhibited remarkable and stable catalytic activity. Characterization results indicated that Pt/Ni1Al9 had a larger specific surface area, higher degree of Pt NPs dispersion, and more surface active sites compared to the nanocomposites with other Ni/Al ratios. The enhanced catalytic activity of Pt/Ni1Al9 was attributed to the generation of more surface active oxygen species from the adsorbed oxygen molecules, which was activated by the electron transfer between Ni−Al HT and Pt/AlOOH, and the suitable interaction and synergistic effect among Ni−Al HT, Pt NPs, and AlOOH. These findings indicate that the nanocomposites of Ni−Al hydrotalcite and boehmite hold significant promises for removal of indoor formaldehyde.
Inception of a pediatric cancer caregiver support group guided by parental needs
Authors: Rao Vasudha N. , Anantharaman Rajeshwari Rajeshwari , Rajagopal Revathi , Normen Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurvivorship in childhood cancers has steadily improved and increased the need for caregivers to provide a longer duration of care both in the hospital and at home. Involving parents and caregivers to voice their unmet needs could significantly impact and direct the institution of support groups.AimsTo ascertain the need for a pediatric caregiver support group based on a survey that explored the unmet needs of caregivers of children with cancer.MethodsCaregivers of pediatric patients (n = 17) undergoing treatment at the hospital were requested to complete our Pediatric Caregiver Psycho‐social Needs Survey. The survey encompassed questions on different aspects of caregiving and the caveats felt by the caregivers. The needs were categorized into seven main domains (physical, emotional, family‐related issues, spiritual, social, logistics, and information) that focused on understanding the importance and the perceived level of professional support that was expected. The data was analyzed using SPSS.ResultsThe most often reported needs were (i) emotional concerns with the majority reporting fear (58.8%), (ii) logistics‐related needs for play/art‐based activities (58.8%), (iii) informational needs focusing on understanding diagnosis/prognosis (47.1%), side‐effects of treatment and physical changes (41.2%). Family‐related needs escalated when caregivers (23.5%) looked after other ill family members at home. Caregivers (23.5%) also reported Spiritual concerns suggesting the need for religious/spiritual support in the hospital. Majority of caregivers (82.4%) expressed interest to be part of a pediatric caregiver support group. However, professional support sought for was much lesser compared to the percentage of needs/concerns expressed.ConclusionOur study highlighted the unmet needs of caregivers which included emotional, logistics‐related needs, and concerns about information. Hence, the goal is to provide a unified platform through a support group that holistically can address needs and empower caregivers.
Micro‐computed tomography analysis of enamel structure after different bleaching treatments
Authors: Yalcin Eda Didem , Surmelioglu Derya , Orhan Kaan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this investigation is to assess effect of three different bleaching techniques on structural integrity, mineral density and volume of enamel via micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and examine color changes by CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Twenty‐four upper premolar teeth were randomly separated into three different groups (n = 8) (group 1, 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel with Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation; group 2, 35% HP gel with diode laser activation; group 3, 35% HP gel with chemically activation). High‐resolution micro‐CT system (Bruker Skyscan 1275, Kontich, Belgium) was carried out to scan samples. Each tooth was scanned twice before‐after application of bleaching with same scanning parameters. Structural thickness, structural separation, fragmentation index, mineral density, and mineral volume of enamel were calculated for each region of interest (ROI). Color changes were measured with spectrophotometer and calculated with CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Data analysis was made with one‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc LSD. Micro‐CT analysis indicated that statistically significant differences were found in structural thickness, and separation, mineral density, and mineral volume of enamel for different ROIs before and after whitening for whole groups (P < .05). Significant differences were detected among inter‐groups for these parameters in different ROIs (P < .05). There was no significant difference among groups for color alterations (P > .05). All bleaching applications exhibited similar efficiency on the enamel surface. Nevertheless, bleaching process with Er,Cr:YSGG laser had less negative effects on enamel as it showed less change in enamel compared to other bleaching treatments. Micro‐CT analysis of histomorphometric parameters can be useful for further mineralization studies of dental hard tissues.
The Generalization Error of Random Features Regression: Precise Asymptotics and the Double Descent Curve
Authors: Mei Song , Montanari Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep learning methods operate in regimes that defy the traditional statistical mindset. Neural network architectures often contain more parameters than training samples, and are so rich that they can interpolate the observed labels, even if the latter are replaced by pure noise. Despite their huge complexity, the same architectures achieve small generalization error on real data.This phenomenon has been rationalized in terms of a so‐called ‘double descent’ curve. As the model complexity increases, the test error follows the usual U‐shaped curve at the beginning, first decreasing and then peaking around the interpolation threshold (when the model achieves vanishing training error). However, it descends again as model complexity exceeds this threshold. The global minimum of the test error is found above the interpolation threshold, often in the extreme overparametrization regime in which the number of parameters is much larger than the number of samples. Far from being a peculiar property of deep neural networks, elements of this behavior have been demonstrated in much simpler settings, including linear regression with random covariates.In this paper we consider the problem of learning an unknown function over the ‐dimensional sphere , from i.i.d. samples , . We perform ridge regression on random features of the form , . This can be equivalently described as a two‐layer neural network with random first‐layer weights. We compute the precise asymptotics of the test error, in the limit with and fixed. This provides the first analytically tractable model that captures all the features of the double descent phenomenon without assuming ad hoc misspecification structures. In particular, above a critical value of the signal‐to‐noise ratio, minimum test error is achieved by extremely overparametrized interpolators, i.e., networks that have a number of parameters much larger than the sample size, and vanishing training error. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
On‐Cell NMR Contributions to Membrane Receptor Binding Characterization
Authors: Höfurthner Theresa , Mateos Borja , Konrat Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNMR spectroscopy has matured into a powerful tool to characterize interactions between biological molecules at atomic resolution, most importantly even under near to native (physiological) conditions. The field of in‐cell NMR aims to study proteins and nucleic acids inside living cells. However, cells interrogate their environment and are continuously modulated by external stimuli. Cell signaling processes are often initialized by membrane receptors on the cell surface; therefore, characterizing their interactions at atomic resolution by NMR, hereafter referred as on‐cell NMR, can provide valuable mechanistic information. This review aims to summarize recent on‐cell NMR tools that give information about the binding site and the affinity of membrane receptors to their ligands together with potential applications to in vivo drug screening systems.
Evaluation of healing at molar extraction sites with ridge preservation using a non‐resorbable dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane: A four‐arm cohort prospective study
Authors: Al Hugail Arwa M. , Mealey Brian L. , Walker Christopher , Al Harthi Shaimaa , Duong Mylinh , Noujeim Marcel , Lasho David J. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Huynh‐Ba Guy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine ridge dimensional changes and histologic parameters of healing when ridge preservation (RP) was performed at molar sites using dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane alone, without a bone graft.Material and MethodsEighteen patients had molar extraction and RP using dPTFE membrane alone. Ridge dimensions were measured using two standardized cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans taken within 72 h and 3 months following extraction. Following a 3‐month healing period, an implant osteotomy was prepared using a trephine drill and bone cores were collected for histological analysis. Four‐arm analyses were performed using data from three previously published study arms of the same research group.ResultsThere was a significant change in the buccal ridge height between the four groups at all aspects of the socket. Alveolar ridge width reduction at 3 mm from crest for all aspects (mesial, midpoint, distal) of the socket showed statistically significant difference for dPTFE alone group compared to the other three groups. Percentage of vital bone formation (62.10%) was significantly greater in dPTFE alone group compared to the other groups.ConclusionsRP using dPTFE membrane alone in molar sites with intact socket walls showed successful outcomes in maintaining ridge dimensions and in histologic wound healing.
A note on investigating co‐occurrence patterns and dynamics for many species, with imperfect detection and a log‐linear modeling parameterization
Authors: MacKenzie Darryl I. , Lombardi Jason V. , Tewes Michael E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Patterns in, and the underlying dynamics of, species co‐occurrence is of interest in many ecological applications. Unaccounted for, imperfect detection of the species can lead to misleading inferences about the nature and magnitude of any interaction. A range of different parameterizations have been published that could be used with the same fundamental modeling framework that accounts for imperfect detection, although each parameterization has different advantages and disadvantages.

We propose a parameterization based on log‐linear modeling that does not require a species hierarchy to be defined (in terms of dominance) and enables a numerically robust approach for estimating covariate effects.

Conceptually, the parameterization is equivalent to using the presence of species in the current, or a previous, time period as predictor variables for the current occurrence of other species. This leads to natural, “symmetric,” interpretations of parameter estimates.

The parameterization can be applied to many species, in either a maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation framework. We illustrate the method using camera‐trapping data collected on three mesocarnivore species in South Texas.
A Configurational Approach to Model Triglyceride Pure Component Properties
Authors: Seilert Julia , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, a new model to predict the thermodynamic properties, namely enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf) and melting temperature (Tm), of pure triglycerides (TAGs) is presented. Different contributions to these properties could be expressed by means of repetitive structural attributes deduced from molecular structures. Carefully formulated configurational and geometrical simplifications enabled to attribute physical meaning to most of the parameters. Overall, the number of adjustable parameters is successfully minimized to less than half compared to the well‐known model proposed by Wesdorp in “Liquid‐multiple solid phase equilibria in fats: theory and experiments” (1990). Comparing both models revealed that the new model surpasses the reference model considering desirable prediction quality, thermodynamical consistency, and the number of adjustable parameters.Practical application: The successful description of the phase behavior of TAG mixtures is crucial to understand complex phenomena in fat‐based products. This objective is based on reliable predictions of pure component properties and non‐ideal mixing in liquid‐ and solid‐phases. The newly formulated model gives reliable descriptions of experimental data and predictions of unknown data of TAGs — both thermodynamically consistent. Those are of benefit as prerequisite for any meaningful effort to predict the solid‐liquid phase behavior of TAG mixtures as well as crystallization kinetics.
Michael Addition‐Elimination and [4+1] Annulation of Sulfonylphthalide with Hydroxychalcones for the Synthesis of Alkylidenephthalides and Indanediones
Authors: Satam Nishikant , Basu Pallabita , Pati Soumyaranjan , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of alkylidenephthalides and indanediones has been developed through the reaction of o‐hydroxychalcones and their styrenyl analogues, respectively, with 3‐sulfonylphthalide. The mechanism for the former synthesis involves Michael addition‐E2 elimination sequence, while the latter involves a [4+1] Hauser‐Kraus annulation. The mechanistic studies reveal that the strategically positioned phenolic group plays a pivotal role in the observed reactivities. The alkylidenephthalides, which are latent 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds, were further converted to triarylfurans under Paal‐Knorr conditions in good to excellent yields. This protocol unravels several key features such as substrate specific product formation, namely, alkylidenephthalides from chalcones, and indanediones from vinylogous chalcones in their reaction with 3‐sulfonylphthalide as well as the role of alkylidenephthalides as 1,4‐dicarbonyl surrogates in Paal‐Knorr furan synthesis.