bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local path planning for autonomous mobile robots by integrating modified dynamic‐window approach and improved follow the gap method
Authors: Hossain Tagor , Habibullah Habibullah , Islam Rafiqul , Padilla Ricardo V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMobile robots need to automatically generate a safe, goal‐oriented, and fast collision‐free trajectory in real‐time during the movement in an indoor/outdoor environment. A planned trajectory must be adaptable and drivable with environmental changes where various static and moving obstacles may be present. The ultimate goal of a robot is to reach the destination without hitting any obstacles, therefore, a reactive local path planning algorithm is needed. In this paper, a novel local algorithm is proposed by integrating dynamic window approach (DWA) and improved follow the gap method (IFGM) to generate a collision‐free trajectory for a mobile robot which is capable to avoid any moving obstacles presenting in the surrounding environment. In this proposed method, first, a safety distance is maintained according to the relative position of obstacles and the robot. Moreover, find a feasible gap to direct the robot toward the desired goal. Besides, the heading angle is calculated to change the direction of the robot for avoiding collision with nearby obstacles. After that, calculate the appropriate velocity for the robot. Finally, a robust, safe, and goal‐directed trajectory is generated which does not suffer from global convergence and local minima problems. The performance and effectiveness of this proposed algorithm are evaluated by experimental results.
Evaluation of compressive strength using novel in situ test method
Authors: Yang Suhang , Xu Zhifeng , Singh Amardeep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDouble shear test method (DSTM) proposed in the past is commonly used for the estimation of the in situ compressive strength of concrete. A novel in situ compressive testing method (IST), which can reduce core testing time from 2 to 3 days to 30 min using short cores tested in site is developed and proposed in this paper. The core samples with different diameters and lengths were tested using the in situ single shear test (IST) and then compared with DSTM. No significant difference exists in the core strength results obtained from the Student's t tests by IST and DSTM. A correction factor correlating the results obtained using IST methods was therefore provided. Experimental results indicate that an excellent correlation exists between concrete IST strength and cube compressive strength (10–60 MPa). Since no extraction of the core is needed, the specimens can be readily and quickly prepared in situ with less damage to the structure. The verification investigation shows that the IST can provide a more accurate estimate of in‐place cube strength than the core drilling method and can be performed easier than the core drilling method, with less time‐consuming than other methods.
Recent Advances in the High‐Valent Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Chandra Devesh , Manisha  , Sharma Upendra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect functionalization of heterocycles using C−H activation widely relies on the precious metal complexes. In past decade, the use of earth abundant and inexpensive transition metal to functionalize heterocycles has become an attractive alternate strategy. This concept is also interesting due to the unique reactivity pattern of these inexpensive metals. In this context we and other research groups have utilized the high‐valent cobalt complexes as an inexpensive and readily available catalyst for the functionalization of heterocycles. In this review, we intend to brief recent progress made in the area of high‐valent cobalt complexes catalyzed C−H functionalization of N‐containing heterocycles.
Use of Drones With Thermal Infrared to Locate White‐tailed Deer Neonates for Capture
Authors: Obermoller Tyler R. , Norton Andrew S. , Michel Eric S. , Haroldson Brian S. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTDrones are growing in popularity and are used to locate individual animals, estimate ungulate population size, and monitor endangered species. Our goal was to assess the efficacy of using drones to locate neonatal white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for capture. During May–June 2019 and June 2020, we used a drone equipped with thermal‐infrared (TIR) and conventional multispectral red‐green‐blue (RGB) cameras to locate and confirm fawn thermal signatures in Minnesota's southern farmland region. We confirmed 29 and 71 fawn thermal signatures in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We captured 13 fawns to validate the methodology (detection and identification) of using drones for capture in 2019. We flew the drone for 47.3 hours covering 792 hectares (17 hectares per hour) in 2019 and flew for 41.1 hours and covered 1640 hectares (40 hectares per hour) in 2020. We worked 201.5 person‐hours with a mean crew size of 4 people that required 6.9 person‐hours to locate each fawn in 2019, whereas we worked 145.7 person‐hours with a mean crew size of 4 people that required 70% less effort and resulted in 2.1 person‐hours to locate each fawn in 2020. Flight efficiency was highest at 60 m above ground level (AGL) with a speed of 9 m/s; however, diurnal use of drones made identifying fawn thermal signatures difficult as thermal loading of the environment quickly reduced the temperature differential between vegetation and signatures. We found TIR‐equipped drones to be an efficient method to locate and subsequently capture fawns in open habitats in comparison to other capture methods such as vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), ground searches, or monitoring doe behavior. We recommend flying at night or in cloudy conditions to avoid false positives. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Modeling cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis
Authors: Mc Auley Mark Tomás 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Western populations. Many risk factors have been identified for ASCVD; however, elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) remains the gold standard. Cholesterol metabolism at the cellular and whole‐body level is maintained by an array of interacting components. These regulatory mechanisms have complex behavior. Likewise, the mechanisms which underpin atherogenesis are nontrivial and multifaceted. To help overcome the challenge of investigating these processes mathematical modeling, which is a core constituent of the systems biology paradigm has played a pivotal role in deciphering their dynamics. In so doing models have revealed new insights about the key drivers of ASCVD. The aim of this review is fourfold; to provide an overview of cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis, to briefly introduce mathematical approaches used in this field, to critically discuss models of cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis, and to highlight areas where mathematical modeling could help to investigate in the future.This article is categorized under:
Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Quasi-Hopf twist and elliptic Nekrasov factor
Authors: Cheewaphutthisakun Panupong , Kanno Hiroaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the quasi-Hopf twist of the quantum toroidal algebra of$$ {\mathfrak{gl}}_1 $$gl1as an elliptic deformation. Under the quasi-Hopf twist the underlying algebra remains the same, but the coproduct is deformed, where the twist parameterpis identified as the elliptic modulus. Computing the quasi-Hopf twist of theRmatrix, we uncover the relation to the elliptic lift of the Nekrasov factor for instanton counting of the quiver gauge theories on ℝ4× T2. The sameRmatrix also appears in the commutation relation of the intertwiners, which implies an elliptic quantum KZ equation for the trace of intertwiners. We also show that it allows a solution which is factorized into the elliptic Nekrasov factors and the triple elliptic gamma function.
Prospects for $$ {B}_c^{+} $$→ τ +ντ at FCC-ee
Authors: Amhis Yasmine , Hartmann Marie , Helsens Clément , Hill Donal , Sumensari Olcyr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the prospects for a precise measurement of the branching fraction of the leptonic $$ {B}_c^{+} $$

B
c
+

→ τ+ντ decay at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) running at the Z -pole. A detailed description of the simulation and analysis framework is provided. To select signal candidates, two Boosted Decision Tree algorithms are employed and optimised. The first stage suppresses inclusive $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, $$ c\overline{c} $$
c

c
¯

, and $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

backgrounds using event-based topological information. A second stage utilises the properties of the hadronic τ+→ π+π+π−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

τ decay to further suppress these backgrounds, and is also found to achieve high rejection for the B+→ τ+ντ background. The number of $$ {B}_c^{+} $$

B
c
+

→ τ+ντ candidates is estimated for various Tera-Z scenarios, and the potential precision of signal yield and branching fraction measurements evaluated. The phenomenological impact of such measurements on various New Physics scenarios is also explored.
Positionspapier Schlaganfallnachsorge der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft – Teil 2: Konzept für eine umfassende Schlaganfallnachsorge
Authors: Hotter Benjamin , Ikenberg Benno , Kaendler Stephen , Knispel Petra , Ritter Martin , Sander Dirk , Schwarzbach Christopher , von Büdingen Hans Joachim , Wagner Markus , Meisel Andreas ,   Mitglieder Kommission Nachsorge der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft, Audebert Heinrich , von Büdingen Hans Joachim , Claßen Joseph , Dreßing Andreas , Elstner Matthias , Grau Armin , Hotter Benjamin , Ikenberg Benno , Kaendler Stephen , Knispel Petra , Meisel Andreas , Michalski Dominik , Sander Dirk , Schwarzbach Christopher , Wagner Markus , Winkler Tobias 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Schlaganfallnachsorge ist im Gegensatz zur akuten und rehabilitativen Versorgung des Schlaganfalls wenig standardisiert. Der fragmentierte ambulante Sektor erlaubt hierbei ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität, leidet aber folglich an variabler Qualität der Nachsorge. Die Kommission Nachsorge der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft formuliert in diesem Positionspapier ein inhaltliches Konzept, um eine strukturierte Nachsorge mit multiprofessionellem Ansatz zu entwickeln. Diese soll im Sinne einer „Comprehensive-care“-Versorgung und patientenzentriert erfolgen. Dazu schlagen wir ein diagnostisches Stufenkonzept mit Screening und ggf. weitergehender Untersuchung vor, das in Absprache mit den Betroffenen zu einem standardisierten Therapieplan führt, der im Langzeitverlauf entsprechend angepasst werden muss. Inhaltlich sind sowohl internistische Domänen (Management von Risikofaktoren) als auch genuin neurologische Domänen (Spastik, kognitive Defizite etc.) zu berücksichtigen. Besondere Herausforderungen an dieses Konzept sind die sektorenübergreifende (inter- und intrasektorale) Kommunikation zwischen den Akteuren im Gesundheitswesen untereinander sowie mit den Patienten und Angehörigen, die Notwendigkeit zur Schaffung eines Vergütungsmodells für eine solche Nachsorge und letztlich die Etablierung eines entsprechenden Qualitätsmanagements. Digitale Lösungen erachten wir als hilfreiche Werkzeuge für Aspekte der Diagnose, Therapie und Kommunikation in der Schlaganfallnachsorge.
Higher baseline inflammatory marker levels predict greater cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes: year 10 follow-up of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Sluiman Anniek J. , McLachlan Stela , Forster Rachel B. , Strachan Mark W. J. , Deary Ian J. , Price Jackie F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to determine the longitudinal association of circulating markers of systemic inflammation with subsequent long-term cognitive change in older people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study is a prospective cohort study of 1066 adults aged 60 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes. Baseline data included C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α fibrinogen and neuropsychological testing on major cognitive domains. Cognitive testing was repeated after 10 years in 581 participants. A general cognitive ability score was derived from the battery of seven individual cognitive tests using principal component analysis. Linear regression was used to determine longitudinal associations between baseline inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes at follow-up, with baseline cognitive test results included as covariables to model cognitive change over time.

Results
Following adjustment for age, sex and baseline general cognitive ability, higher baseline fibrinogen and IL-6 were associated with greater decline in general cognitive ability (standardised βs = −0.059, p=0.032 and −0.064, p=0.018, respectively). These associations lost statistical significance after adjustment for baseline vascular and diabetes-related covariables. When assessing associations with individual cognitive tests, higher IL-6 was associated with greater decline in tests of executive function and abstract reasoning (standardised βs = 0.095, p=0.006 and −0.127, p=0.001, respectively). Similarly, raised fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels were associated with greater decline in processing speed (standardised βs = −0.115, p=0.001 and −0.111, p=0.001, respectively). These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for the diabetes- and vascular-related risk factors.

Conclusions/interpretation
Higher baseline levels of inflammatory markers, including plasma IL-6, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, were associated with subsequent cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes. At least some of this association appeared to be specific to certain cognitive domains and to be independent of vascular and diabetes-related risk factors.

Graphical abstract
Multiscale thermal and thermo-structural optimization of three-dimensional lattice structures
Authors: Imediegwu Chikwesiri , Murphy Ryan , Hewson Robert , Santer Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a robust framework for the multiscale design of three-dimensional lattices with macroscopically tailored thermal and thermo-structural characteristics. A multiscale approach is implemented where the discrete evaluations of small-scale lattice unit cell characteristics are converted to response surface models so that the properties exist as continuous functions of the lattice micro-parameters. The derived framework constitutes free material optimization in the space of manufacturable lattice micro-architecture. The optimization of individual lattice member dimensions is enabled by the adjoint method and the explicit expressions of the response surface material property sensitivities. The approach is demonstrated by solving thermal and thermo-structural optimization problems, significantly extending previous work which focused on linear structural response. The thermal optimization solution shows a design with improved optimality compared to the SIMP methodology. The thermo-structural optimization solution demonstrates the method’s capability for attaining a prescribed displacement in response to temperature gradients.
Efficient production of immunologically active Shigella invasion plasmid antigens IpaB and IpaH using a cell-free expression system
Authors: Kapoor Neeraj , Ndungo Esther , Pill Lucy , Desalegn Girmay , Berges Aym , Oaks Edwin V. , Fairman Jeff , Pasetti Marcela F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shigella spp. invade the colonic epithelium and cause bacillary dysentery in humans. Individuals living in areas that lack access to clean water and sanitation are the most affected. Even though infection can be treated with antibiotics, Shigella antimicrobial drug resistance complicates clinical management. Despite decades of effort, there are no licensed vaccines to prevent shigellosis. The highly conserved invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa), which are components of the Shigella type III secretion system, participate in bacterial epithelial cell invasion and have been pursued as vaccine targets. However, expression and purification of these proteins in conventional cell-based systems have been challenging due to solubility issues and extremely low recovery yields. These difficulties have impeded manufacturing and clinical advancement. In this study, we describe a new method to express Ipa proteins using the Xpress+TM cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform. Both IpaB and the C-terminal domain of IpaH1.4 (IpaH-CTD) were efficiently produced with this technology at yields > 200 mg/L. Furthermore, the expression was linearly scaled in a bioreactor under controlled conditions, and proteins were successfully purified using multimode column chromatography to > 95% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE. Biophysical characterization of the cell-free synthetized IpaB and IpaH-CTD using SEC-MALS analysis showed well-defined oligomeric states of the proteins in solution. Functional analysis revealed similar immunoreactivity as compared to antigens purified from E. coli. These results demonstrate the efficiency of CFPS for Shigella protein production; the practicality and scalability of this method will facilitate production of antigens for Shigella vaccine development and immunological analysis.

Key points

• First report of Shigella IpaB and IpaH produced at high purity and yield using CFPS
• CFPS-IpaB and IpaH perform similarly to E. coli–produced proteins in immunoassays
• CFPS-IpaB and IpaH react with Shigella-specific human antibodies and are immunogenic in mice.

Graphical abstract
Correlation of nutrition-associated parameters with non-relapse mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Schaffrath Judith , Diederichs Tanja , Unverzagt Susanne , Wass Maxi , Gläser Ulrike , Weber Thomas , Binder Mascha , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Müller Lutz P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOutcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is hampered by substantial non-relapse mortality (NRM). Given its impact on organ function and immune response, the nutritional status has been suggested as relevant for NRM. We aimed to evaluate the association of NRM with nutritional status prior to alloSCT and in the post-SCT course. In a retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 128 alloSCTs. Besides standard characteristics, nutrition-associated parameters BMI, serum total protein, and serum albumin were recorded before conditioning and at various time points after alloSCT. Association with NRM was evaluated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The cohort comprised patients with a median BMI of 26 kg/m2 (16.7–46.9 kg/m2), median serum total protein of 59 g/l (41–77 g/l), and serum albumin of 36 g/l (22–46 g/l) before SCT. NRM at d+100 was 14.8% and at 1 year 26.6%. Prior to SCT, only serum albumin deficiency was associated with increased NRM (p = .010) in multivariate analysis. After SCT (d+30 and d+100), all nutrition-associated parameters decreased (p < .002), but no association of deteriorating nutritional status with NRM was found. In multivariate analysis, serum albumin (p = .03) and severe albumin deficiency (p = .02) correlated with NRM at d+30 and d+100, while BMI and serum total protein did not. In our study, albumin deficiency, particularly prior to alloSCT, shows a strong correlation with NRM. This finding may add to monitoring, risk evaluation, and counseling of patients and serve as a rational for interventions to improve the nutritional status in patients undergoing SCT.
Cognitive and functional deficits are associated with white matter abnormalities in two independent cohorts of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Yamada Shinichi , Takahashi Shun , Malchow Berend , Papazova Irina , Stöcklein Sophia , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Papazov Boris , Kumpf Ulrike , Wobrock Thomas , Keller-Varady Katriona , Hasan Alkomiet , Falkai Peter , Wagner Elias , Raabe Florian J. , Keeser Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Significant evidence links white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ), but the relationship of these abnormalities with functional outcome remains unclear.

Methods
In two independent cohorts (C1, C2), patients with SZ were divided into two subgroups: patients with higher cognitive performance (SZ-HCP-C1, n = 25; SZ-HCP-C2, n = 24) and patients with lower cognitive performance (SZ-LCP-C1, n = 25; SZ-LCP-C2, n = 24). Healthy controls (HC) were included in both cohorts (HC-C1, n = 52; HC-C2, n = 27). We compared fractional anisotropy (FA) of the whole-brain WM skeleton between the three groups (SZ-LCP, SZ-HCP, HC) by a whole-brain exploratory approach and an atlas-defined WM regions-of-interest approach via tract-based spatial statistics. In addition, we explored whether FA values were associated with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores in the SZ groups.

Results
In both cohorts, mean FA values of whole-brain WM skeleton were significantly lower in the SCZ-LCP group than in the SCZ-HCP group. Whereas in C1 the FA of the frontal part of the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) was positively correlated with GAF score, in C2 the FA of the temporal part of the left IFOF was positively correlated with GAF score.

Conclusions
We provide robust evidence for WM microstructural abnormalities in SZ. These abnormalities are more prominent in patients with low cognitive performance and are associated with the level of functioning.