bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating seabird dietary and groundfish stock assessment data: Can puffins predict pollock spawning stock biomass in the North Pacific?
Authors: Sydeman William J. , Thompson Sarah Ann , Piatt John F. , Zador Stephani G. , Dorn Martin W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInformation on the annual variability in abundance and growth of juvenile groundfish can be useful for predicting fisheries stocks, but is often poorly known owing to difficulties in sampling fish in their first year of life. In the Western Gulf of Alaska (WGoA) and Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystems, three species of puffin (tufted and horned puffin, Fratercula cirrhata, Fratercula corniculata, and rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, Alcidae), regularly prey upon (i.e., “sample”) age‐0 groundfish, including walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogramma, Gadidae) and Pacific cod (Gadus microcephalus, Gadidae). Here, we test the hypothesis that integrating puffin dietary data with walleye pollock stock assessment data provides information useful for fisheries management, including indices of interannual variation in age‐0 abundance and growth. To test this hypothesis, we conducted cross‐correlation and regression analyses of puffin‐based indices and spawning stock biomass (SSB) for the WGoA and EBS walleye pollock stocks. For the WGoA, SSB leads the abundance of age‐0 fish in the puffin diet, indicating that puffins sample the downstream production of the WGoA spawning stock. By contrast, the abundance and growth of age‐0 fish sampled by puffins lead SSB for the EBS stock by 1–3 years, indicating that the puffin diet proxies incoming year class strength for this stock. Our study indicates connectivity between the WGoA and EBS walleye pollock stocks. Integration of non‐traditional data sources, such as seabird diet data, with stock assessment data appears useful to inform information gaps important for managing US fisheries in the North Pacific.
Developing students' solidarity disposition: A case for translation in community‐based service‐learning
Authors: Drewelow Isabelle , Granja Ibarreche Xabier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the ways students' disposition toward solidarity can be fostered during a community‐based service‐learning (CBSL) project performed remotely, not requiring direct contact or interactions with community members. Seventeen students were enrolled in an advanced Spanish grammar course section with a service‐learning component and collaborated throughout the semester to translate documents from English to Spanish for three local non‐profit organizations. The analysis of their end‐of‐semester reflection papers reveals that the high stakes of the outcome (facilitating the local Spanish‐speaking population's access to essential social services) influenced students' engagement in the task, triggered by an emotional buy‐in with the nonprofit organization's missions. Participation in the CBSL project fostered solidarity disposition as students considered opportunities to get involved and reflected on how they might be able to support Spanish speakers in their future jobs. The article concludes with suggested guidelines for the design of remote CBSL opportunities to nurture solidarity disposition as a primary objective.
Consequential choices: A language ideological perspective on learners' (non‐)adoption of a dialectal variant
Authors: Grammon Devin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article employs a language ideological framework to explore how particular language attitudes and beliefs shaped one group of U.S. students' choices to avoid producing a dialectal variant, Castilian Spanish [θ], in the context of an undergraduate Spanish pronunciation class. An analysis of ethnographic data points to the significance of three common beliefs that frame the appropriate use of [θ] in idealized monolingual terms that are incongruous with a U.S. national identity. The instructor mobilized these beliefs at key moments to establish normative expectations that discouraged learners from producing [θ]. Students also alluded to these beliefs and the consequences of being unable to use [θ] appropriately to explain their decisions to eschew this variant following the class. These findings suggest that language attitudes and beliefs shape learners' choices to adopt dialectal variants in production as an effect of language ideologies on the L2 development of phonology and sociolinguistic competence.
Study on corrosion resistance of TC4 titanium alloy micro‐arc oxidation/(PTFE + graphite) composite coating
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Hu Jie , Zhang Defen , Ren Peng , Liao Dandan , Cai Liping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy and sealed with (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] + graphite) emulsion to obtain MAO/(PTFE + graphite) composite coating. The surface morphology and phase composition of the MAO coating were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by the potentiodynamic polarization curve and the scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) micro‐area voltage. The results show that the TiO2 ceramic oxide coating formed on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate has the characteristics of porous structure, which will become a channel for corrosive media to enter the coating and accelerate the corrosion of the MAO coating. However, the MAO/(PTFE + graphite) composite coating can prevent corrosive media from entering the coating and improve the corrosion resistance of the composite coating. The corrosion potential increased from 0.146 V to 0.241 V, the corrosion current density decreased from 4.31 × 10–7 A/cm2 to 7.92 × 10–8 A/cm2, and the self‐corrosion current dropped to one fifth of the MAO coating. In addition, the charge transfer resistance has also increased from 5.305 × 104Ω·cm2 to 2.493 × 105Ω·cm2.
The molecular mechanism of RIG‐I activation and signaling
Authors: Thoresen Daniel , Wang Wenshuai , Galls Drew , Guo Rong , Xu Ling , Pyle Anna Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRIG‐I is our first line of defense against RNA viruses, serving as a pattern recognition receptor that identifies molecular features common among dsRNA and ssRNA viral pathogens. RIG‐I is maintained in an inactive conformation as it samples the cellular space for pathogenic RNAs. Upon encounter with the triphosphorylated terminus of blunt‐ended viral RNA duplexes, the receptor changes conformation and releases a pair of signaling domains (CARDs) that are selectively modified and interact with an adapter protein (MAVS), thereby triggering a signaling cascade that stimulates transcription of interferons. Here, we describe the structural determinants for specific RIG‐I activation by viral RNA, and we describe the strategies by which RIG‐I remains inactivated in the presence of host RNAs. From the initial RNA triggering event to the final stages of interferon expression, we describe the experimental evidence underpinning our working knowledge of RIG‐I signaling. We draw parallels with behavior of related proteins MDA5 and LGP2, describing evolutionary implications of their collective surveillance of the cell. We conclude by describing the cell biology and immunological investigations that will be needed to accurately describe the role of RIG‐I in innate immunity and to provide the necessary foundation for pharmacological manipulation of this important receptor.
Regnase‐1–related endoribonucleases in health and immunological diseases
Authors: Mino Takashi , Takeuchi Osamu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDynamic changes in gene expression are key factors in the development and activation of immune cells. RNA metabolism is one of the critical steps for the control of gene expression. Together with transcriptional regulation, mRNA decay by specific ribonucleases (RNases) plays a vital role in shaping gene expression. In addition to the canonical exoribonuclease‐mediated mRNA degradation through the recognition of cis‐elements in mRNA 3′ untranslated regions by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), endoribonucleases are involved in the control of mRNAs in immune cells. In this review, we gleam insights on how Regnase‐1, an endoribonuclease necessary for regulating immune cell activation and maintenance of immune homeostasis, degrades RNAs involved in immune cell activation. Additionally, we provide insights on recent studies which uncover the role of Regnase‐1–related RNases, including Regnase‐2, Regnase‐3, and Regnase‐4, as well as N4BP1 and KHNYN, in immune regulation and antiviral immunity. As the dysregulation of immune mRNA decay leads to pathologies such as autoimmune diseases or impaired activation of immune responses, RNases are deemed as essential components of regulatory feedback mechanisms that modulate inflammation. Given the critical role of RNases in autoimmunity, RNases can be perceived as emerging targets in the development of novel therapeutics.
Densifying (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high‐entropy ceramics by two‐step pressureless sintering
Authors: Yu Duo , Zhang Buhao , Yin Jie , Wang Yichen , Liu Xuejian , Reece Michael J. , Huang Zhengren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA pressureless two‐step sintering method was used to densify high‐entropy carbide (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C, with high density and good mechanical performance. The material was heated up to 2200°C and subsequently soaked at 1900°C for 2–8 h with the incorporation of 2–4 wt.% phenolic resin. With increasing resin content, the large‐sized pores disappeared, and the average grain size decreased. However, with increased holding time from 2 to 8 h, the average grain and pore size did not change significantly, the density increased up to 96.2%, and evident grain growth of graphite was observed. The mechanical properties of (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C with 4 wt.% phenolic resin addition and 8 h soaking at 1900°C were measured as follows: flexural strength 361±28 MPa, Vickers hardness 16.0±0.3 GPa, and elastic modulus 426±2 GPa.
Flash sintering and dielectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3
Authors: Şavklıyıldız İlyas , Okur Çiğdem , Akdoğan E. Koray 
Published: September 2021

AbstractK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) of 4‐μm average particle size was flash sintered in parallel plate capacitor configuration (PPCC) under 100 V/mm (0.8 mA/mm2 cut‐off) with 10°C/min heating rate in air. Precipitous densification occurred from Tf = 662–670°C (Tf–furnace temperature) in 60 s with 55 mW/mm3 peak power absorption at Tf = 667°C, resulting in 98% dense ceramic of < 5‐μm grains size. No grain growth was observed. A cubic grain morphology was inherited from the starting KNN powder. No sign of liquid phase formation on grain boundaries (GBs) was detected. A 147°C rise above Tf = 667°C due to Joule heating is predicted. At 25°C and 1 kHz, relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tan(δ)) are 4096 and 2.9%, respectively. From 0.1 to 100 kHz, εr and tan(δ) undergo relaxation, reaching εr = 577 and tan(δ) = 0.2% at 1000 kHz. Variation of εr with temperature revealed Amm2 → P4mm and P4mm → Pm3m transitions at ∼204°C and 409°C, respectively. As per Curie–Weiss analysis, Curie temperature and Curie–Weiss constant are θ = 375°C and C = 3.1 × 10−5°C for the P4mm → Pm3m transition, respectively. The transition is first order as Ttr > θ with a diffusiveness exponent γ = 1.04, indicating normal ferroelectric behavior. The low‐frequency dielectric relaxation is attributed to the space charge in the vicinity of GBs, which is a remnant of flash sintering. Joule heating cannot alone account for the densification in 60 s, which we substantiate within the framework of phase equilibrium and diffusion kinetics. We conjecture that oxygen vacancies start ionizing at Tf = 662°C, couple with the applied electric field via the Lorentz force, and increase their electrochemical potential, causing ultrafast densification. The effects of sample shape, size, and PPCC contributing to high sintered density are also discussed.
Role for calcium‐activated potassium channels (BK) in migration control of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: He Yuan , Lin Yingying , He Fei , Shao Lijuan , Ma Wei , He Fei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Its high metastasis rate is significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying HCC metastasis is essential for HCC treatment. Owing to their high conductance, large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels (BK channels) play a critical role in the control of membrane potential and have repeatedly been proposed as potential targets for cancer therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that BK channels are involved in the progression of cancer malignancies. The present study investigated the role of BK channels in mediating the hypoxia‐stimulated migration of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo in the absence and presence of various BK channels modulators. We found that BK channels were functionally expressed on the membranes of the SMMC‐7721 and Huh7 HCC cell lines. Furthermore, blockage or activation of BK channels on the surface of HCC cells correspondingly inhibited or promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in hypoxia conditions, with altered expression and distribution of cell‐cell adhesion molecule E‐cadherin and typical marker of mesenchymal cells, Vimentin, but not N‐cadherin. Hypoxia conditions did not alter BK channels expression but increased its open probability. Moreover, BK channels blocker IbTX significantly inhibited HCC cell remote colonization in HCC cell xenografted mice. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that blocking BK channels offers an attractive strategy for treating HCC.
Power or Luck? The Limitations of the European Commission's Agenda Setting Power and Autonomous Policy Influence
Authors: Oztas Buket , Kreppel Amie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBuilding on the existing research on the European Commission's agenda‐setting powers, this study examines the relationship between the policy priorities of the Commission and those of the other key policy actors in the European Union to determine the impact of other EU institutional actor preferences on the success of Commission priority initiatives. By using new and existing datasets to compare the European Commission's Work Programmes with European Council Summit Conclusions, the European Parliament's own initiative reports and Council Presidency Work Programmes, we are able to analyse the effect of policy priority congruence on the Commission's success and measure the autonomous policy influence of the Commission more accurately. Our results demonstrate that the Commission's priority initiatives are significantly more likely to result in legislative outcomes when they address policy topics already highlighted (whether fortuitously or as a result of Commission efforts) by the other key EU institutions. They also suggest that interpretations of the EU political system that ascribe the role of political executive to the Commission misconstrue its role.
Economic Sentiment and Aggregate Activity: A Tale of Two European Cycles*
Authors: Sorić Petar , Lolić Ivana , Logarušić Marija 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeparting from the mainstream literature on European monetary integration, we acknowledge the interdependence of economic sentiment synchronisation and business cycle co‐movements for 17 European countries and the euro area (EA). Building on national accounts and survey data, we find non‐negligible evidence that sentiment cycles are the driving force behind general economic cycle synchronization. We demonstrate that recent EA acquisitions have witnessed an intensification of cycle synchronization with the EA core after the introduction of a common currency, corroborating the beneficial effects of the Eurosystem. Our results show a certain degree of dependence on the business cycle. The synchronization of 17 examined countries vis‐à‐vis the EA is mostly of equal magnitude or even more intensive during recessions than in expansions. In other words, the common monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) should be able to effectively act as a countercyclical tool when an individual economy is facing a recession.
Implementation of uncertainty analysis and moment‐independent global sensitivity analysis for full‐scale life cycle assessment models
Authors: Cucurachi Stefano , Blanco Carlos Felipe , Steubing Bernhard , Heijungs Reinout 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) models and databases have increased in size, resolution, and complexity, requiring analysts to rely on an ever‐increasing number of uncertain model inputs. Such increased complexity calls for systematic approaches to assessing the uncertainty of the output results of LCA models and the sensitivity of LCA model outputs to the model's uncertain inputs. In this contribution, we provide a theoretical basis and present a practical software implementation that combines uncertainty analysis and moment‐independent global sensitivity analysis, which can be readily applied to full‐scale LCA models. We implemented our approach in the Activity‐Browser open source LCA software and it is made available for use in LCA studies. We demonstrate the approach and software implementation with a case study of crystalline silicon photovoltaics.
Phasic spiking in vasopressin neurons: How and Why
Authors: MacGregor Duncan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe plain title might have been an almost retro sounding grumpy retort, but it has inspired a journey of sorts, and something along the way I hope you won’t have come across before. An opinionated exploration of the distinctive phasic spiking patterns of magnocellular vasopressin neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. A mostly life essential population of neurons that signal the kidneys to regulate water loss in response to signals that encode plasma volume and osmotic pressure, as well as regulating blood pressure, and possibly metabolism and social behaviour. The viewpoint of a modeller shorn of any explicit maths.
Nurses’ perceptions of social rejection, resilience and well‐being during COVID‐19: A national comparative study
Authors: Benbenishty Julie , Ashkenazy Shelly , Levdov Avital Iris , Jakobson Levana , Kolpak Orly , DeKeyser Ganz Freda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine the level of social rejection and well‐being of nurses, whether resilience is a mediator between them and to compare nurses who worked versus did not work on COVID‐19 wards.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic health care workers reported psychological distress and social rejection.MethodsAn online survey was sent to nursing social media groups in Israel. Respondents completed a Demographic, Social Rejection, Resilience and General Well‐being questionnaire.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐seven nurses responded. The majority were female with a mean age of 43.6 years Approximately one‐third were worried about infecting their family members and many agreed that their family fears that the nurse will infect them. Nurses reported their partner, family members, neighbours and the public physically distanced themselves from them. Approximately one quarter reported feeling lonely. Statistically significant differences were found between those who worked versus not work on a COVID‐19 unit on general well‐being, and social rejection. No differences were found in resilience scores.ConclusionsSocial rejection was felt by many nurses as shown by an inverse relationship between the closeness of the relationship and the sense of social rejection and a high level of loneliness and depression. A higher level of social rejection and lower well‐being were found among nurses working on COVID‐19 wards as opposed to those who did not. General well‐being was found to be exceptionally low during COVID‐19. Resilience did not mediate the relationship between social rejection and general well‐being.Relevance to clinical practicePerceived social rejection might be associated with decreased well‐being. The level of resilience is related to the level of well‐being among nurses in general. Nurses not working in COVID‐19 wards have higher levels of well‐being and less social rejection compared with nurses working in these wards.
Pulpal and Periapical Status of the Vital Teeth Used as Abutment for Fixed Prosthesis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kohli Shivani , Bhatia Shekhar , Al‐Haddad Afaf , Pulikkotil Shaju Jacob , Jamayet Nafij Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis is a systematic review to identify the incidence of pulp necrosis and/or periapical changes among vital teeth which are used as an abutment for crown and fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Materials and MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched two electronic databases, PubMed and Scopus. The search was complemented from references of included studies and published reviews. Studies published in the English language through January 2021 that had assessed and documented the clinical and radiographic failure of crown or FPD in vital permanent teeth due to pulpal or periapical pathology with a follow‐up of at least 12 months were selected. Data screening, data collection and extraction of data was performed. Quality of studies involved was analyzed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. Meta‐analysis was done using random effects model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.ResultsElectronic searches provided 10,075 records among which 20 studies were selected for systematic review and 7 studies were selected for meta‐analysis. With respect to quality assessment, all the studies involved were considered as high quality as the score in scale ranged between 6 and 9 as per the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. The meta‐analyses showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the loss of pulp vitality or pulp necrosis through clinical and radiographic examination with the follow up period of 5 years: p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.96‐1.00, I2 = 77.84%; 10 years: p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.95, I2 = 93.59%; 15 years: p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.92‐0.96, I2 = 94.83%; and 20 years: p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.94‐0.96, I2 = 95.01%.ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis revealed clinical and radiographic success rate ranging between 92% to 98% at different follow up periods ranging between 5 years and 20 years. Future high‐quality randomized clinical controlled trials with a larger population are required to confirm the evidence as only observational studies were considered in this paper.