bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes in Patient Neuronal Cultures and Brain Organoids Improved by 2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin Treatment
Authors: Jarazo Javier , Barmpa Kyriaki , Modamio Jennifer , Saraiva Cláudia , Sabaté‐Soler Sònia , Rosety Isabel , Griesbeck Anne , Skwirblies Florian , Zaffaroni Gaia , Smits Lisa M. , Su Jihui , Arias‐Fuenzalida Jonathan , Walter Jonas , Gomez‐Giro Gemma , Monzel Anna S. , Qing Xiaobing , Vitali Armelle , Cruciani Gerald , Boussaad Ibrahim , Brunelli Francesco , Jäger Christian , Rakovic Aleksandar , Li Wen , Yuan Lin , Berger Emanuel , Arena Giuseppe , Bolognin Silvia , Schmidt Ronny , Schröder Christoph , Antony Paul M.A. , Klein Christine , Krüger Rejko , Seibler Philip , Schwamborn Jens C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is only partially understood despite the fact that environmental causes, risk factors, and specific gene mutations are contributors to the disease. Biallelic mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) gene involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, vesicle trafficking, and autophagy are sufficient to cause PD.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the difference between controls' and PINK1 patients' derived neurons in their transition from neuroepithelial stem cells to neurons, allowing us to identify potential pathways to target with repurposed compounds.MethodsUsing two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models of patients' derived neurons we recapitulated PD‐related phenotypes. We introduced the usage of midbrain organoids for testing compounds. Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9), we corrected the point mutations of three patients' derived cells. We evaluated the effect of the selected compound in a mouse model.ResultsPD patient‐derived cells presented differences in their energetic profile, imbalanced proliferation, apoptosis, mitophagy, and a reduced differentiation efficiency to tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons compared to controls' cells. Correction of a patient's point mutation ameliorated the metabolic properties and neuronal firing rates as well as reversing the differentiation phenotype, and reducing the increased astrocytic levels. Treatment with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin increased the autophagy and mitophagy capacity of neurons concomitant with an improved dopaminergic differentiation of patient‐specific neurons in midbrain organoids and ameliorated neurotoxicity in a mouse model.ConclusionWe show that treatment with a repurposed compound is sufficient for restoring the impaired dopaminergic differentiation of PD patient‐derived cells. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Juvenile‐Onset Huntington Disease Pathophysiology and Neurodevelopment: A Review
Authors: Bakels Hannah S. , Roos Raymund A.C. , van Roon‐Mom Willeke M.C. , de Bot Susanne T. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTHuntington disease is an autosomal dominant inherited brain disorder that typically becomes manifest in adulthood. Juvenile‐onset Huntington disease refers to approximately 5% of patients with symptom onset before the age of 21 years. The causal factor is a pathologically expanded CAG repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Age at onset is inversely correlated with CAG repeat length. Juvenile‐onset patients have distinct symptoms and signs with more severe pathology of involved brain structures in comparison with disease onset in adulthood. The aim of this review is to compare clinical and pathological features in juvenile‐ and adult‐onset Huntington disease and to explore which processes potentially contribute to the observed differences. A specific focus is placed on molecular mechanisms of mutant huntingtin in early neurodevelopment and the interaction of a neurodegenerative disease and postnatal brain maturation. The importance of a better understanding of pathophysiological differences between juvenile‐ and adult‐onset Huntington disease lies in development and implementation of new therapeutic strategies. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Novel CACNA1A Variant p.Cys256Phe Disrupts Disulfide Bonds and Causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Nikonishyna Yuliia V. , Ortner Nadine J. , Kaserer Teresa , Hoffmann Jessica , Biskup Saskia , Dafotakis Manuel , Reetz Kathrin , Schulz Jörg B. , Striessnig Jörg , Dohrn Maike F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder typically associated with CAG repeat expansions.ObjectiveWe assessed the pathogenicity of the novel, heterozygous missense variant p.Cys256Phe (C256F) in the pore‐forming α1‐subunit of the Cav2.1 Ca2+ channel found in a 63‐year‐old woman with SCA with no CAG repeat expansion.MethodsWe examined the effect of the C256F variant on channel function using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in transfected tsA‐201 cells.ResultsThe maximum Ca2+ current density was significantly reduced in the mutant compared to wild‐type, which could not be explained by lower expression levels of mutant Cav2.1 α1‐ protein. Together with a significant increase in current inactivation, this is consistent with a loss of channel function. Molecular modeling predicted disruption of a conserved disulfide bond through the C256F variant.ConclusionsOur results support the pathogenicity of the C256F variant for the SCA phenotype and provide further insight into Cav2.1 structure and function.
Weaving attention U‐net: A novel hybrid CNN and attention‐based method for organs‐at‐risk segmentation in head and neck CT images
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Tianyu , Gay Hiram , Zhang Weixiong , Sun Baozhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeIn radiotherapy planning, manual contouring is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Accurate and robust automated segmentation models improve the efficiency and treatment outcome. We aim to develop a novel hybrid deep learning approach, combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the self‐attention mechanism, for rapid and accurate multi‐organ segmentation on head and neck computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsHead and neck CT images with manual contours of 115 patients were retrospectively collected and used. We set the training/validation/testing ratio to 81/9/25 and used the 10‐fold cross‐validation strategy to select the best model parameters. The proposed hybrid model segmented 10 organs‐at‐risk (OARs) altogether for each case. The performance of the model was evaluated by three metrics, that is, the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance 95% (HD95), and mean surface distance (MSD). We also tested the performance of the model on the head and neck 2015 challenge dataset and compared it against several state‐of‐the‐art automated segmentation algorithms.ResultsThe proposed method generated contours that closely resemble the ground truth for 10 OARs. On the head and neck 2015 challenge dataset, the DSC scores of these OARs were 0.910.02, 0.730.10, 0.950.03, 0.760.08, 0.790.05, 0.870.05, 0.860.08, 0.870.03, and 0.870.07 for brain stem, chiasm, mandible, left/right optic nerve, left/right submandibular, and left/right parotid, respectively. Our results of the new weaving attention U‐net (WAU‐net) demonstrate superior or similar performance on the segmentation of head and neck CT images.ConclusionsWe developed a deep learning approach that integrates the merits of CNNs and the self‐attention mechanism. The proposed WAU‐net can efficiently capture local and global dependencies and achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on the head and neck multi‐organ segmentation task.
3D gray density coding feature for benign‐malignant pulmonary nodule classification on chest CT
Authors: Zheng BingBing , Yang Dawei , Zhu Yu , Liu Yatong , Hu Jie , Bai Chunxue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeEarly detection is significant to reduce lung cancer‐related death. Computer‐aided detection system (CADs) can help radiologists to make an early diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D gray density coding feature (3D GDC) and fuse it with extracted geometric features. The fusion feature and random forest are used for benign–malignant pulmonary nodule classification on Chest CT.MethodsFirst, a dictionary model is created to acquire codebook. It is used to obtain feature descriptors and includes 3D block database (BD) and distance matrix clustering centers. 3D BD is balanced and randomly selecting from benign and malignant pulmonary nodules of training data. Clustering centers is got by clustering the distance matrix, which is the distance between every two blocks in 3D BD. Then, feature descriptor is obtained by coding the pulmonary nodule with codebook, and 3D GDC feature is the result of histogram statistics on feature descriptor. Second, geometric features are extracted for fusion feature. Finally, random forest is performed for benign–malignant pulmonary nodule classification with fusion feature of the 3D gray density coding feature and the geometric features.ResultsWe verify the effectiveness of our method on the public LIDC‐IDRI dataset and the private ZSHD dataset. For LIDC‐IDRI dataset, compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods, we achieve more satisfactory results with 93.17 ± 1.94% for accuracy and 97.53 ± 1.62% for AUC. As for private ZSHD dataset, it contains a total of 238 lung nodules from 203 patients. The accuracy and AUC achieved by our method are 90.0% and 93.15%.ConclusionsThe results show that our method can provide doctors with more accurate results of benign–malignant pulmonary nodule classification for auxiliary diagnosis, and our method is more interpretable than 3D CNN methods, which can provide doctors with more auxiliary information.
Evaluation of double‐tuned single‐sided planar microcoils for the analysis of small 13C enriched biological samples using 1H‐13C 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Moxley‐Paquette Vincent , Wu Bing , Lane Daniel , Bastawrous Monica , Ning Paris , Soong Ronald , De Castro Peter , Kovacevic Ivan , Frei Thomas , Stuessi Juerg , Al Adwan‐Stojilkovic Danijela , Graf Stephan , Vincent Franck , Schmidig Daniel , Kuehn Till , Kuemmerle Rainer , Beck Armin , Fey Michael , Bermel Wolfgang , Busse Falko , Gundy Marcel , Boenisch Holger , Heumann Hermann , Nashman Ben , Dutta Majumdar Rudraksha , Lacerda Andressa , Simpson André J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrocoils provide a cost‐effective approach to improve detection limits for mass‐limited samples. Single‐sided planar microcoils are advantageous in comparison to volume coils, in that the sample can simply be placed on top. However, the considerable drawback is that the RF field that is produced by the coil decreases with distance from the coil surface, which potentially limits more complex multi‐pulse NMR pulse sequences. Unfortunately, 1H NMR alone is not very informative for intact biological samples due to line broadening caused by magnetic susceptibility distortions, and 1H‐13C 2D NMR correlations are required to provide the additional spectral dispersion for metabolic assignments in vivo or in situ. To our knowledge, double‐tuned single‐sided microcoils have not been applied for the 2D 1H‐13C analysis of intact 13C enriched biological samples. Questions include the following: Can 1H‐13C 2D NMR be performed on single‐sided planar microcoils? If so, do they still hold sensitivity advantages over conventional 5 mm NMR technology for mass limited samples? Here, 2D 1H‐13C HSQC, HMQC, and HETCOR variants were compared and then applied to 13C enriched broccoli seeds and Daphnia magna (water fleas). Compared to 5 mm NMR probes, the microcoils showed a sixfold improvement in mass sensitivity (albeit only for a small localized region) and allowed for the identification of metabolites in a single intact D. magna for the first time. Single‐sided planar microcoils show practical benefit for 1H‐13C NMR of intact biological samples, if localized information within ~0.7 mm of the 1 mm I.D. planar microcoil surface is of specific interest.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in biomedical and clinical applications: A review
Authors: Anik Muzahidul I. , Mahmud Niaz , Al Masud Abdullah , Hasan Maruf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively used in various applications ranging from environmental detection to biomedical applications. Due to their unique characteristics such as tunable surface properties as well as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), GNPs have garnered attention in various applications exclusively in therapy and diagnostics. Their ease of synthesis and compatibility with various functionalizing ligands has made them efficient and a robust biomedical platform. Due to their flexibility in synthesis and functionalization, GNPs have been profoundly used in cancer treatment as well as, antiviral, and antibacterial agents. In addition, owing to possessing unique optical properties, GNPs have been utilized as molecular imaging and contrast agent. This article discusses and highlights special characteristics of GNPs that have been exploited in biomedical applications in recent years to improve biomedical research in various biomedical field such as nuclear medicine, molecular imaging and contrast agent, vaccine development, medical implant, diagnostics, biosensing, and lab‐on‐chip applications. Moreover, their size dependent biocompatibility, biodistribution, and excreation was discussed in details for various in vivo applications. At the forefront of modern theraputic technology, GNPs based cancer treatment and antiviral agents have great potential which is also highlighted briefly in this article. In addition, current state of ongoing clinical trials and challenges associated with regulatory approval are explored. Lastly, the article sheds light on recent findings on the toxicity of GNPs and discusses the current challenges and prospects to future direct GNPs based biomedical research.
Effect of different positions on gastric residuals in preterm infants initiating full enteral feeding
Authors: Gözen Duygu , Erkut Zeynep , Uslubaş Rabia , Bilgin Leyla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding in different positions on the gastric residual volume after feeding in preterm infants who initiated full enteral feeding.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study was conducted with the hypothesis that testing the right lateral position leads to less gastric residual than left lateral position and the prone position leads to less gastric residual than the supine position. The data were collected in four stages from 35 preterm infants. Initially, the infants were positioned in supine position and were fed. After feeding, the infant rested in the supine position for 3 h. The stomach content was aspirated, and the volume of gastric residual was measured at the 60th, 120th, and 180th min after feeding. These steps are repeated in order of in the right lateral, left lateral, and prone position. Total gastric residual volume and type of enteral feeding were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference among the positions in terms of the volume of gastric residuals in the measurements made at 60th (P = 9.552), 120th (P = .505), and 180th min (P = .430). When the amount of decrease in the gastric residual volumes was a significant difference between all measurement times in right lateral and prone positions (P < .001).ConclusionAlthough no significant difference was determined between the positions, the smallest residual volumes were determined in the right lateral and prone positions. The amount of decrease in residual volume was significant in right lateral and prone positions.
Characterizing shared and distinct symptom clusters in common chronic conditions through natural language processing of nursing notes
Authors: Koleck Theresa A. , Topaz Maxim , Tatonetti Nicholas P. , George Maureen , Miaskowski Christine , Smaldone Arlene , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData‐driven characterization of symptom clusters in chronic conditions is essential for shared cluster detection and physiological mechanism discovery. This study aims to computationally describe symptom documentation from electronic nursing notes and compare symptom clusters among patients diagnosed with four chronic conditions–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Nursing notes (N = 504,395; 133,977 patients) were obtained for the 2016 calendar year from a single medical center. We used NimbleMiner, a natural language processing application, to identify the presence of 56 symptoms. We calculated symptom documentation prevalence by note and patient for the corpus. Then, we visually compared documentation for a subset of patients (N = 22,657) diagnosed with COPD (n = 3339), heart failure (n = 6587), diabetes (n = 12,139), and cancer (n = 7269) and conducted multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering to discover underlying groups of patients who have similar symptom profiles (i.e., symptom clusters) for each condition. As expected, pain was the most frequently documented symptom. All conditions had a group of patients characterized by no symptoms. Shared clusters included cardiovascular symptoms for heart failure and diabetes; pain and other symptoms for COPD, diabetes, and cancer; and a newly‐identified cognitive and neurological symptom cluster for heart failure, diabetes, and cancer. Cancer (gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue) and COPD (mental health symptoms) each contained a unique cluster. In summary, we report both shared and distinct, as well as established and novel, symptom clusters across chronic conditions. Findings support the use of electronic health record‐derived notes and NLP methods to study symptoms and symptom clusters to advance symptom science.
A New Integral Critic Learning for Optimal Tracking Control with Applications to Boiler‐Turbine Systems
Authors: Wei Qinglai , Liu Yujia , Lu Jingwei , Ling Jun , Luan Zhenhua , Chen Mingliang 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTOptimal control theory and reinforcement learning are gradually being used in the field of industrial control. In this article, a new optimal tracking control scheme for 160 MW boiler‐turbine systems is proposed based on an online policy iteration integral reinforcement learning (IRL) method. Firstly, a self‐learning state tracking control with a cost function is developed to deal with the optimal tracking control problems for the boiler‐turbine nonlinear system. Then with a modified cost function, a policy iteration‐based IRL method is introduced to obtain the optimal control law. Finally, the monotonicity and the convergence of the cost function is analyzed and the detailed implementation of the policy iteration‐based IRL method is provided via neural networks. The simulation results show that the control of the boiler‐turbine system can converge in a short time by using this online iterative method. Through a theoretical simulation case, it can be concluded that the proposed method is more advanced compared with the MPC method.
Synthesis of n‐alkylated quaternary ammonium chitosan and its long‐term antibacterial finish for rabbit hair fabric
Authors: Jiang Yingxue , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hao , Zhu Ruoying , Hu Yanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, n‐alkyl chitosan (N‐CTS) was obtained by alkylation modification of chitosan with n‐butylaldehyde using Schiff alkali method. The etherifying agent 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl triethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC‐ethyl) was synthesized from triethylamine and epichlorohydrin. The N‐CTS and CHPTAC‐ethyl were etherized to finally synthesize n‐alkyl quaternary ammonium chitosan (N‐CCTS). Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 13CNMR were used to characterize the surface morphology and chemical structure. Viscosity method and spectrophotometry were used to determine its physical and chemical properties. The etherification reaction mechanism was studied systematically and the influence of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution and solubility of N‐CCTS was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of N‐CCTS against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was both 0.15 g/L, which was superior to the MIC value of natural chitosan. N‐CCTS was used to finish rabbit hair fabric with citric acid as cross‐linking agent and sodium hypophosphite as catalyst. The antibacterial and washing resistance of the product were investigated. After 25 times of washing, the antibacterial rate of N‐CCTS against E. coli and S. aureus remained stable at about 90%, and the antibacterial rate was higher than that of N‐CTS and natural chitosan, and it was a kind of natural polymer long‐acting antibacterial finishing agent for rabbit hair fabric.
Fabrication and characterization of piezoresistive flexible pressure sensors based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)/thermoplastic polyurethane filled with carbon black‐polypyrrole
Authors: Bertolini Mayara C. , Dul Sithiprumnea , Lopes Pereira Elaine C. , Soares Bluma G. , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrically conductive composites of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and carbon black‐polypyrrole (CB‐PPy) were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression molding or by filament production followed by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The storage modulus (G′) and complex viscosity (η*) of the composites increased with the addition of CB‐PPy leading to a more rigid material. The electrical and rheological percolation threshold of composites were 5 and 3 wt%, respectively. In fact, composites with 5 wt% or more CB‐PPy content display G′ higher than G″ indicating a solid‐like behavior. Furthermore, the addition of CB‐PPy increased the electrical conductivity of all composites. However, the electrical conductivity values of composites containing 5 and 6 wt% of CB‐PPy produced by compression molding are one and seven order of magnitude higher than those of FFF composites with same composition. Compression molded and 3D printed composites with 6 wt% of CB‐PPy displayed high sensitivity/gauge factor, large measurement range and reproducible piezoresistive response during 100 loading‐unloading cycles for both processing methods. The results presented in this study demonstrated the potential use of FFF for producing piezoresistive flexible sensors based on PVDF/TPU/CB‐PPy composites.