bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and barriers for biofuel and bioenergy production from poplar
Authors: An Yi , Liu Yu , Liu Yijing , Lu Mengzhu , Kang Xihui , Mansfield Shawn D. , Zeng Wei , Zhang Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the growing demand for transportation fuels and concerns about the greenhouse gas emissions derived from the use of fossil fuels, the development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, such as lignocellulosic biomass, is of paramount importance. This is compounded by the fact that there are increasing pressures and limitation on available arable land for renewable biomass production, and therefore, how to obtain more biomass resources and how to make full use of these biomass resources are key issues. Poplar (Populus spp.) is one of the fastest‐growing temperate trees in the world and is a very promising raw material for the production of biofuels and other bio‐based commodities. As the first tree species to have its genome sequenced, and significant continuing efforts towards resequencing of different species/varieties, poplar resources will undoubtedly pave the way for the targeted cultivation of new poplar varieties suitable for biofuel production. In this article, we summarized that the main problems faced by using poplar as a biomass resource for biofuel production are the inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, and highlighted the response status on improving the biomass yield and efforts towards developing efficient poplar varieties for biofuel production.
Remembering the Vikings: Ancestry, cultural memory and geographical variation
Authors: Ellis Caitlin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Vikings are an excellent example of the significance of cultural memory: from post‐Viking‐Age sources to their rediscovery in the Victorian period to their popular appeal in current times. Ancestry is a key dimension as vikings could be dynasty founders or imbue a region with Scandinavian heritage. The importance of settlements remaining connected with Iceland and the Old Norse cultural milieu is highlighted. Archaeological evidence and non‐Scandinavian sources can highlight the gaps in Norse memory, where specific events have been forgotten and some regions of the Viking world have received less attention than others. Stretching from America to Russia, the impact of post‐medieval political events, of modern marketisation and of different scholarly approaches is also considered.
Alvimopan as part of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol following radical cystectomy is associated with decreased hospital stay
Authors: Hanna Peter , Regmi Subodh , Kalapara Arveen , Mulpuri Kalyana Srujana , Zabell Joseph , Albersheim Jacob , Wahr Joyce , Randle Darrel , Kaizer Alexander , Patten Luke , Konety Badrinath , Weight Christopher 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo study the effect of alvimopan and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol on length of hospital stay in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.MethodsOur retrospective study involved 296 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer at our institution from 2010 through 2018. Patients were grouped according to three stages of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol implementation: (i) pre‐Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (group A; n = 146); (ii) pre‐alvimopan Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (group B; n = 102); and (iii) Enhanced Recovery After Surgery plus alvimopan (group C; n = 48). The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were time to first bowel movement, time to tolerate a regular diet, the incidence of postoperative ileus, postoperative complications and 30‐day readmission rate.ResultsGroup C showed a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay (7 days, P = 0.003), shorter gastrointestinal recovery time (4 days, P = 0.018) and a lower rate of postoperative ileus (14.6%, P = 0.005). The reduction in length of hospital stay, gastrointestinal recovery time and a lower rate of postoperative ileus was significant after controlling for other confounders on multivariable regression analysis. With the open approach, group C showed a significantly shorter length of hospital stay and gastrointestinal recovery time (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, respectively); however, in robotic cohorts, no significant differences were observed. There was no difference among groups in the 30‐day readmission rate or postoperative complications.ConclusionsPatients undergoing radical cystectomy and managed by an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol experience a significantly shorter length of hospital stay when receiving alvimopan as part of the protocol. Patients seem to derive the optimum benefits of alvimopan when it is used with an open approach; however, these benefits become less obvious with the robotic approach.
Caries risk assessment with the ‘Bangkok checklist’ in preschool children: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Agouropoulos Andreas , Birpou Eleftheria , Twetman Svante , Kavvadia Katerina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaries risk assessment in preschool children is poorly validated in prospective studies.AimTo validate the Bangkok checklist (BCL) in predicting caries development in a cohort of preschool children from low and moderate socioeconomic areas and compare it with two established risk assessment tools.DesignWe followed 146 preschool children, aged 2‐5 years for 2 years. At baseline, the caries risk category (low, moderate, high) was determined with three checklists: (a) BCL, (b) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry form (CRAF), and (c) Caries Management By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA). Data were collected from questionnaires and clinical examinations. Caries increment was recorded by counting the number of surfaces that changed from sound to decayed. We used Kendall's tau, Poisson regression models and ROC analysis to assess the predictive ability of the different checklists.ResultsOver 50% of the children developed new caries on a yearly basis. The BCL assigned the majority of the children (87%) into the high‐risk category. Sensitivity was 88% but specificity was low (16%). Accuracy of BCL was similar to CRAF but inferior to CAMBRA.ConclusionsBangkok checklist had a very limited performance in accurately predicting future early childhood caries in this population.
Nurse‐led telephone intervention for lifestyle changes on glycaemic control in people with prediabetes: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbate Manuela , Fresneda Sergio , Yañez Aina , Ricci‐Cabello Ignacio , Galmes‐Panades Aina M , Aguilo Antoni , Bennasar‐Veny Miquel ,   the PREDIPHONE trial group
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐led personalized telephone lifestyle intervention versus automated SMSs in the reduction of fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes.DesignThe PREDIPHONE is a randomized controlled, parallel, two arms, superiority trial with 15 months of follow‐up. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention group (teleconsultations) or the active control group (SMSs).MethodsA total of 428 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two arms and followed up during 9 months. The teleconsultations group will receive nurse‐led personalized advice, while the SMSs group will receive 4–5 brief SMSs a week. Participants in both groups will receive evidence‐based recommendations for diet and physical activity (PA). Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, months 4 and 9 and at month 15, to evaluate post‐intervention effects.DiscussionPrevention of diabetes through the implementation of lifestyle interventions remains an important priority. The current pandemic situation has magnified its urgency as it heavily affected the functionality of the healthcare system. Moreover, it created the need of remotely delivering preventative interventions. This study will provide insights on the effectiveness and feasibility of a telephone‐based intervention led by nurses in the amelioration of risk factors associated with diabetes.ImpactFindings from this study will offer health services decision‐makers sound evidence regarding an alternative method to face‐to‐face consultations that could be practical, acceptable and inexpensive, and that concretely answers the need for easily implementable prevention strategies.Trial RegistrationNCT04735640 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).Protocol versionV1.0, 18/02/2021.
Isovaleric acid ameliorates ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Cho Kwang Min , Kim Ye Seon , Lee Mingyu , Lee Ha Young , Bae Yoe‐Sik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoclasts (OCs) play important roles in bone remodelling and contribute to bone loss by increasing bone resorption activity. Excessively activated OCs cause diverse bone disorders including osteoporosis. Isovaleric acid (IVA), also known as 3‐methylbutanoic acid is a 5‐carbon branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA), which can be generated by bacterial fermentation of a leucine‐rich diet. Here, we find that IVA suppresses differentiation of bone marrow‐derived macrophages into OCs by RANKL. IVA inhibited the expression of OC‐related genes. IVA‐induced inhibitory effects on OC generation were attenuated by pertussis toxin but not by H89, suggesting a Gi‐coupled receptor‐dependent but protein kinase A‐independent response. Moreover, IVA stimulates AMPK phosphorylation, and treatment with an AMPK inhibitor blocks IVA‐induced inhibition of OC generation. In an ovariectomized mouse model, addition of IVA to the drinking water resulted in significant decrease of body weight gain and inhibited the expression of not only OC‐related genes but also fusogenic genes in the bone tissue. IVA exposure also blocked bone destruction and OC generation in the bone tissue of ovariectomized mice. Collectively, the results demonstrate that IVA is a novel bioactive BCFA that inhibits OC differentiation, suggesting that IVA can be considered a useful material to control osteoclast‐associated bone disorders, including osteoporosis.
The Production of Contemporary Sociological Knowledge in Hong Kong
Authors: Tang Denise Tse‐Shang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the development of academic sociology in Hong Kong since the expansion of higher education and increased student enrolment in the nineties. Colleges gained university titles and sociology departments matured as a result. I attempt to trace the current state of sociology in teaching programs and research directions. I conclude with a discussion of future developments with specific reference to the repositioning of Hong Kong within sociology as the former British colony continue to negotiate, navigate and grapple its relationship with Mainland China both as a productive site for sociological research and a reference point to be different in method.
Different School Reopening Plans on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Growth Rates in the School Setting in the United States
Authors: Liu Dong , Lin Ge , Sun Xiaoting , Du Yi , Liu Han , Qu Ming 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDIn fall 2020, all public K‐12 schools reopened in broadly 3 learning models. The hybrid model was considered a mid‐risk option compared with remote and in‐person learning models. The current study assesses school‐based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) spread in the early fall using a national data set.METHODSWe assess COVID‐19 case growth rates from August 10 to October 14, 2020 based on a crowdsourcing data set from the National Education Association. The study follows a retrospective cohort design with the baseline exposures being 3 teaching models: remote learning only, hybrid, and in‐person learning. To assess the consistency of our findings, we estimated the overall, as well as region‐specific (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) and poverty‐specific (low, mid, and high) COVID‐19 case‐growth rates. In addition, we validated our study sample using another national sample survey data.RESULTSThe baseline was from 617 school districts in 48 states, where 47% of school districts were in hybrid, 13% were in remote, and 40% were in‐person. Controlling for state‐level risk and rural‐urban difference, the case growth rates for remote and in‐person were lower than the hybrid (odds ratio [OR]: 0.963, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.960‐0.965 and OR: 0.986, 95% CI: 0.984‐0.988, respectively). A consistent result was found among school districts in all 4 regions and each poverty level.CONCLUSIONSHybrid may not necessarily be the next logical option when transitioning from the remote to in‐person learning models due to its consistent higher case growth rates than the other 2 learning models.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and School Success Among Children With and Without Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Kanda Deborah , Walker Ashley , Siekirk Nicholas , Colquitt Gavin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐environments are thought to be strong influences of behavioral choices. There is limited research available on the role of physical activity (PA) and school success among children with special health care needs (CSHCN). The purpose of this study was to explore differences in PA among CSHCN and non‐CSHCN and how the school success index is related to PA in both groups.METHODSData were taken from new version of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), which consolidated questions from the previous NSCH and the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS‐CSHCN). Chi‐square and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine group differences.RESULTSThere were significant differences among both subgroups, although most school‐aged children did not meet recommended PA guidelines. Chi‐squared analyses indicated; school engagement and the parent's perception of child safety at school were associated with the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines. Logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of meeting PA guidelines were associated with the school success index.CONCLUSIONSComprehensive school health programs should focus on PA both subgroups. School health educators should continue to advocate for safe and structured extracurricular activities to improve the child and adolescent's engagement and overall well‐being.
Evaluation of Preferences Among Students Participating in the US Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program
Authors: Masis Natalie , McCaffrey Jennifer , Johnson Susan L. , Chapman‐Novakofski Karen 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDImproving children's fruit and vegetable (FV) preferences may be important as preferences can predict FV consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate FV preferences over time, with repeated experience, as part of the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP).METHODSFruits (F; N = 28) and vegetables (V; N = 29) were distributed twice a week, over 35 weeks, at a participating FFVP school (N = 236 students, 12 teachers, K‐2nd grade). Preference ratings using 3‐point Likert scale were analyzed over 35 weeks.RESULTSFor 57 FVs rated for preference, ratings revealed that F had higher frequency of children choosing “I like it” than for V (78% F; 38.2% V; p < .05) and liking distribution was different between F and V (p < .001). Significant relations were found between liking and: (1) grade (r = −0.02, p = .02), and (2) time (r = −0.09, p < .001). Models indicated that V served (β = −0.40), timepoint (β = −0.07), and grade level (β = −0.02) accounted for significant variance for preference ratings (R2 = 0.17, p < .001), indicating that preference ratings declined over time.CONCLUSIONSFruits were preferred over vegetables. Overall preference ratings were negatively impacted by time, grade level, and vegetables served. Being exposed one time to a variety of FVs did not improve ratings for vegetables.
MRIofCNSlymphoma with choroid plexus involvement in five dogs and one cat
Authors: Lampe R. , Levitin H. A. , Hecht S. , Vieson M. D. , Selting K. A. , Hague D. W. , Foss K. D. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome of dogs and cats with central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that involved the choroid plexus.Materials and MethodsA bi‐institutional retrospective study of MRI of dogs and cats with CNS lymphoma, in which the choroid plexus was affected on MRI. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings were recorded and evaluated.ResultsCNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement on the MRI was identified in five dogs and one cat. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement and multifocal nodularity in the choroid plexus in most cases, with the fourth ventricle the most common site affected. Five of the cases had signs of extraneural involvement (including the cat), while the sixth case was not staged. Four of five CSF samples analysed provided a diagnosis of lymphoma.Clinical SignificanceWe report MRI findings of CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus. These results show the importance of recognising novel imaging patterns and the potential utility of CSF collection in diagnosing CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus ante mortem.
Late onset recurrence of clinical signs after surgery for intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs
Authors: Kerr S. , Crawford A. H. , De Decker S. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of recurrence of clinical signs after initial successful decompressive surgery for intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs.Materials and MethodsA medical record search was performed to identify French bulldogs that experienced an initial successful outcome after surgery for thoracolumbar or cervical intervertebral disc extrusion. Collected information included signalment, neurological examination findings, intervertebral disc extrusion location, presence of vertebral malformations, kyphosis, type and extent of surgery. Decompressive surgery was not followed by extensive prophylactic fenestrations. Follow‐up information was retrieved from medical records and telephone interviews with referring veterinary surgeons.Results
Eighty‐four French bulldogs with thoracolumbar (n=55) or cervical (n=29) intervertebral disc extrusion were included. Forty‐three (51%) dogs that had decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar (n=29) or cervical (n=14) intervertebral disc extrusion suffered recurrence of signs. The median time between decompressive surgery and recurrence of clinical signs was 9 months and 21 days. Of the 29 dogs suffering recurrence of clinical signs following surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion, 24 returned for recurrence of clinical signs localised to the thoracolumbar segments, while five returned for recurrence of signs localised to the cervical region. Of the 14 dogs who suffered recurrence of signs following surgery for cervical intervertebral disc extrusion, nine returned for signs localised to the cervical region, while five returned for clinical signs localised to the thoracolumbar region.Clinical Significance
This study suggests a high rate of late onset recurrence of clinical signs after decompressive surgery for intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs. This information can aid in the management of owner expectations.
The appearance of canine insulinoma on dual phase computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Coss P. , Gilman O. , Warren‐Smith C. , Major A. C. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo further evaluate the appearance of insulinoma in dogs on dual‐phase CT angiography, given the disparity of findings in recent publications. To establish whether CT angiographic localisation of insulinoma correlates with surgical findings.Materials and MethodsSingle centre study of dogs with a final diagnosis of insulinoma which underwent abdominal CT angiography. Scans were retrospectively re‐evaluated for specific features by two board‐certified veterinary radiologists. These findings were also subsequently compared to surgical and histopathological reports to determine the accuracy of lesion localisation on CT.ResultsThirty‐five cases were included in final analysis, with pancreatic nodules identified in 33. Twenty‐one were confirmed as insulinoma with histopathology. Jack Russell Terriers were over‐represented. Twenty of 21 cases with confirmed insulinoma and 27 of 33 overall showed hyperattenuation in the arterial phase. The mean size of pancreatic insulinoma on CT was 15.1 mm, and 18.2% were larger than 20 mm. Eighteen of 21 confirmed and eight of 12 suspected insulinomas caused a deformation of the pancreatic shape, with two only identified as a result of this feature as these lesions were isoattenuating throughout the study. Pancreatic insulinoma location at surgery matched that described on the CT images in 17 of 19 cases where location was described in the surgical report.Clinical SignificanceIn contrast to recent publications, this study suggests hyperattenuation of insulinomas in the arterial phase is a predominant feature, and that hypoattenuation or isoattenuation are much less common. CT angiography is accurate in prediction of lesion location before surgery in most cases.
Effect of telmisartan, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition, or both, on proteinuria and blood pressure in dogs
Authors: Fowler Brittany L. , Stefanovski Darko , Hess Rebecka S. , McGonigle Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of telmisartan (TEL), an angiotensin‐receptor blocker, for the control of systemic hypertension and proteinuria in dogs has not been reported extensively in a clinical setting.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) alone, ACEi in combination with TEL, or TEL alone on systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in dogs with protein losing nephropathy (PLN).AnimalsForty‐two client‐owned dogs being treated for PLN.MethodsRetrospective observational study of medical records of dogs at a university teaching hospital from 2012 to 2018 with the use of benazepril or enalapril alone, TEL alone, or both modalities for the management of PLN. Noninvasive blood pressure and urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) were compared among the treatment groups over time. A multivariable mixed‐effects linear regression model followed by post hoc analysis was used to estimate the marginal means and differences between the treatment groups.ResultsIn comparison to group ACEi alone, combination treatment of an ACEi with TEL significantly reduced (P = .007) systolic blood pressure by 13 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 4‐22 mm Hg). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor + TEL in comparison to ACEi alone showed significant (P = .01) reduction in UPC of 2.5 (95% CI: 0.6‐4.4). The UPC of group ACEi + TEL was significantly lower (P = .01) in comparison to TEL alone by 3.8 (95% CI: 0.8‐6.8).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTelmisartan can be used to treat systemic hypertension and proteinuria in dogs.