bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison and evaluation of state-of-the-art LSM merge policies
Authors: Mao Qizhong , Jacobs Steven , Amjad Waleed , Hristidis Vagelis , Tsotras Vassilis J. , Young Neal E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModern NoSQL database systems use log-structured merge (LSM) storage architectures to support high write throughput. LSM architectures aggregate writes in a mutable MemTable (stored in memory), which is regularly flushed to disk, creating a new immutable file called an SSTable. Some of the SSTables are chosen to be periodically merged—replaced with a single SSTable containing their union. A mergepolicy (a.k.a. compaction policy) specifies when to do merges and which SSTables to combine. A bounded depth merge policy is one that guarantees that the number of SSTables never exceeds a given parameter k, typically in the range 3–10. Bounded depth policies are useful in applications where low read latency is crucial, but they and their underlying combinatorics are not yet well understood. This paper compares several bounded depth policies, including representative policies from industrial NoSQL databases and two new ones based on recent theoretical modeling, as well as the standard Tiered policy and Leveled policy. The results validate the proposed theoretical model and show that, compared to the existing policies, the newly proposed policies can have substantially lower write amplification with comparable read amplification.
Three decades of landslide activity in western Nepal: new insights into trends and climate drivers
Authors: Muñoz-Torrero Manchado A. , Allen S. , Ballesteros-Cánovas J. A. , Dhakal A. , Dhital M. R. , Stoffel M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, landslide disasters in the Himalayas, as in other mountain regions, are widely reported to have increased. While some studies have suggested a link to increasing heavy rainfall under a warmer climate, others pointed to anthropogenic influences on slope stability, and increasing exposure of people and assets located in harm’s way. A lack of sufficiently high-resolution regional landslide inventories, both spatially and temporally, has prevented any robust consensus so far. Focusing on Far-Western Nepal, we draw on remote sensing techniques to create a regional inventory of 26,350 single landslide events, of which 8778 date to the period 1992–2018. These events serve as a basis for the analyses of landslide frequency relationships and trends in relation to precipitation and temperature datasets. Results show a strong correlation between the annual number of shallow landslides and the accumulated monsoon precipitation (r = 0.74). Furthermore, warm and dry monsoons followed by especially rainy monsoons produce the highest incidence of shallow landslides (r = 0.77). However, we find strong spatial variability in the strength of these relationships, which is linked to recent demographic development in the region. This highlights the role of anthropogenic drivers, and in particular road cutting and land-use change, in amplifying the seasonal monsoon influence on slope stability. In parallel, the absence of any long-term trends in landslide activity, despite widely reported increase in landslide disasters, points strongly to increasing exposure of people and infrastructure as the main driver of landslide disasters in this region of Nepal. By contrast, no climate change signal is evident from the data.
Young refugees’ and asylum seekers’ career choices: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Fedrigo Laurence , Udayar Shagini , Toscanelli Cecilia , Clot-Siegrist Eva , Durante Federico , Masdonati Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA major challenge for refugees and asylum seekers is social and professional integration. Using constructivist and capability approaches, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 young refugees and asylum seekers enrolled in an integration program in French-speaking Switzerland about their career choices. Following consensual qualitative and phenomenological approaches, we focused on their life trajectories (the situation in their home country, triggers behind their flight, arrival in Switzerland) and their current situation (resources and barriers). From their career plans, interests, and values, we formed three profiles (the vocation seekers, the altruists, and the work lovers) to characterize how they constructed their careers.
Clinical follow-up of left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with atrial fibrillation ineligible of oral anticoagulation treatment—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Labori Frida , Bonander Carl , Persson Josefine , Svensson Mikael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The recommended stroke prevention for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and increased risk of ischemic stroke is oral anticoagulation (OAC). Parts of the patient population are not eligible due to contraindication, and percutaneous left atrial occlusion (LAAO) can then be a preventive treatment option. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the long-term clinical effectiveness of LAAO as stroke prevention in patients with AF, increased risk of ischemic stroke, and contraindication to OAC.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, using Poisson random effect models, to estimate the incidence rate (events per 100 patient-years) of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, major bleeding, and all-cause death after LAAO treatment. We also calculated the risk reduction of ischemic stroke with LAAO compared with no stroke prevention estimated through a predicted risk in an untreated population (5.5 per 100 patient-years).

Results
We included 29 observational studies in our meta-analysis, including 7 951 individuals and 12 211 patient-years. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score among the patients in the included studies is 4.32. The pooled incidence rate of ischemic stroke is 1.38 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 1.08; 1.77). According to a meta-regression model, the estimated incidence rate of ischemic stroke at CHA2DS2-VASc 4 is 1.39 per 100 patient-years. This implies a risk reduction of 74.7% with LAAO compared to predicated risk with no stroke prevention.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that LAAO is effective as stroke prevention for patients with AF, increased risk of stroke, and contraindication to oral anticoagulation.
Optimal electromechanical bandgaps in piezo-embedded mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Dwivedi Ankur , Banerjee Arnab , Adhikari Sondipon , Bhattacharya Bishakh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElastic mechanical metamaterials are the exemplar of periodic structures. These are artificially designed structures having idiosyncratic physical properties like negative mass and negative Young’s modulus in specific frequency ranges. These extreme physical properties are due to the spatial periodicity of mechanical unit cells, which exhibit local resonance. That is why scientists are researching the dynamics of these structures for decades. This unusual dynamic behavior is frequency contingent, which modulates wave propagation through these structures. Locally resonant units in the designed metamaterial facilitate bandgap formation virtually at any frequency for wavelengths much higher than the lattice length of a unit. Here, we analyze the band structure of piezo-embedded negative mass metamaterial using the generalized Bloch theorem. For a finite number of the metamaterial units coupled equation of motion of the system is deduced, considering purely resistive and shunted inductor energy harvesting circuits. Successively, the voltage and power produced by piezoelectric material along with transmissibility of the system are computed using the backward substitution method. The addition of the piezoelectric material at the resonating unit increases the complexity of the solution. The results elucidate, the insertion of the piezoelectric material in the resonating unit provides better tunability in the band structure for simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration attenuation. Non-dimensional analysis of the system gives physical parameters that govern the formation of mechanical and electromechanical bandgaps. Optimized numerical values of these system parameters are also found for maximum first attenuation bandwidth. Thus, broader bandgap generation enhances vibration attenuation, and energy harvesting can be simultaneously available, making these structures multifunctional. This exploration can be considered as a step towards the active elastic mechanical metamaterials design.
Hölder estimates for magnetic Schrödinger semigroups in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$$ from mirror coupling
Authors: Fürst Oliver , Güneysu Batu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe use the mirror coupling of Brownian motion to show that under a $$\beta \in (0,1)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
)

-dependent Kato-type assumption on the possibly nonsmooth electromagnetic potential, the corresponding magnetic Schrödinger semigroup in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

has a global $$L^{p}$$

L
p

-to-$$C^{0,\beta }$$

C

0
,
β

Hölder smoothing property for all $$p\in [1,\infty ]$$

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]

; in particular, his all eigenfunctions are uniformly $$\beta $$
β
-Hölder continuous. This result shows that the eigenfunctions of the Hamilton operator of a molecule in a magnetic field are uniformly $$\beta $$
β
-Hölder continuous under weak $$L^q$$

L
q

-assumptions on the magnetic potential.
Motivational Differences? Comparing Private, Public and Hybrid Organizations
Authors: Jacobsen Dag Ingvar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile studies of motivational differences between managers in private and public organizations proliferate, few have compared managers’ motivation in hybrid organizations to the motivation of managers in private and public organizations. This lack of studies is surprising, as corporatization has been an important trend in the public sector over the last decades. Using a large survey covering almost 3000 managers from a representative sample of organizations in Norway, this study fills this hole by comparing how managers in hybrid organizations differ on extrinsic, intrinsic and prosocial motivation from their counterparts in public and private organizations.
Evaluation of Static Mapping for Dynamic Space-Shared Multi-task Processing on FPGAs
Authors: Minhas Umar Ibrahim , Woods Roger , Karakonstantis Georgios 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhilst FPGAs have been used in cloud ecosystems, it is still extremely challenging to achieve high compute density when mapping heterogeneous multi-tasks on shared resources at runtime. This work addresses this by treating the FPGA resource as a service and employing multi-task processing at the high level, design space exploration and static off-line partitioning in order to allow more efficient mapping of heterogeneous tasks onto the FPGA. In addition, a new, comprehensive runtime functional simulator is used to evaluate the effect of various spatial and temporal constraints on both the existing and new approaches when varying system design parameters. A comprehensive suite of real high performance computing tasks was implemented on a Nallatech 385 FPGA card and show that our approach can provide on average 2.9 × and 2.3 × higher system throughput for compute and mixed intensity tasks, while 0.2 × lower for memory intensive tasks due to external memory access latency and bandwidth limitations. The work has been extended by introducing a novel scheduling scheme to enhance temporal utilization of resources when using the proposed approach. Additional results for large queues of mixed intensity tasks (compute and memory) show that the proposed partitioning and scheduling approach can provide higher than 3 × system speedup over previous schemes.
FPGA-Based Inter-layer Pipelined Accelerators for Filter-Wise Weight-Balanced Sparse Fully Convolutional Networks with Overlapped Tiling
Authors: Shimoda Masayuki , Sada Youki , Nakahara Hiroki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit state-of-the-art performance while performing computer-vision tasks. CNNs require high-speed, low-power, and high-accuracy hardware for various scenarios, such as edge environments. However, the number of weights is so large that embedded systems cannot store them owing to their limited on-chip memory. A different method is used to minimize the input image size, for real-time processing, but it causes a considerable drop in accuracy. Although pruned sparse CNNs and special accelerators are proposed, the requirement of random access incurs a large number of wide multiplexers for a high degree of parallelism, which becomes more complicated and unsuitable for FPGA implementation. To address this problem, we propose filter-wise pruning with distillation and block RAM (BRAM)-based zero-weight skipping accelerator. It eliminates weights such that each filter has the same number of nonzero weights, performing retraining with distillation, while retaining comparable accuracy. Further, filter-wise pruning enables our accelerator to exploit inter-filter parallelism, where a processing block for a layer executes filters concurrently, with a straightforward architecture. We also propose an overlapped tiling algorithm, where tiles are extracted with overlap to prevent both accuracy degradation and high utilization of BRAMs storing high-resolution images. Our evaluation using semantic-segmentation tasks showed a 1.8 times speedup and 18.0 times increase in power efficiency of our FPGA design compared with a desktop GPU. Additionally, compared with the conventional FPGA implementation, the speedup and accuracy improvement were 1.09 times and 6.6 points, respectively. Therefore, our approach is useful for FPGA implementation and exhibits considerable accuracy for applications in embedded systems.
Alterations in oleanolic acid and sterol content in marigold (Calendula officinalis) hairy root cultures in response to stimulation by selected phytohormones
Authors: Alsoufi Abdulwadood S. M. , Staśkiewicz Klaudia , Markowski Michał 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHairy root cultures are an efficient tool for the biotechnological production of plant metabolites and a convenient experimental model for analyzing the effect of various compounds on plant metabolism. In contrast to many other types of in vitro plant cultures, hairy roots do not require an external supply of phytohormones to the medium. Consequently, plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins are rarely used as elicitors in hairy root in vitro cultures; however, they can strongly influence plant defense responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two auxins: natural indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and synthetic 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), as well as two cytokinins: natural kinetin and synthetic 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a concentration of 0.75 mg/L on the metabolism of sterols and triterpenoids in Calendula officinalis hairy roots. Auxins prevented the accumulation of triterpenoid saponins (oleanolic acid glycosides), while cytokinin BAP increased their accumulation by 17% and their release into the culture medium by a factor of 10. Other cytokinins and kinetins increased the sterol levels by 17%, the level of stigmasterol by 15%, and the level of isofucosterol by 7 times.
Autonomic Cardiovascular Alterations in Chronic Kidney Disease: Effects of Dialysis, Kidney Transplantation, and Renal Denervation
Authors: Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Seravalle Gino , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review the results of studies of the effects of dialysis and kidney transplantation on the autonomic nervous system alterations that occur in chronic kidney disease.

Recent Findings
Vagal control of the heart mediated by arterial baroreceptors is altered early in the course of the renal disease. Sympathetic activation occurs, with increases in resting heart rate, venous plasma norepinephrine levels, muscle sympathetic nerve traffic, and other indirect indices of adrenergic drive. The magnitude of the changes reflects the clinical severity of the kidney disease. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic alterations have a reflex origin, depending on the impairment in baroreflex and cardiopulmonary reflex control of the cardiovascular system. These alterations are partially reversed during acute hemodialysis, but the responses are variable depending on the specific type of dialytic treatment that is employed. Renal transplantation improves reflex cardiovascular control, resulting in sympathoinhibition following renal transplantation if the native kidneys are removed. Sympathoinhibitory effects have been also reported in renal failure patients after bilateral renal denervation.

Summary
Assessment of autonomic nervous system responses to dialysis and renal transplantation provides information of clinical interest, given the evidence that autonomic alterations are involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular complications, as well as in the prognosis of chronic kidney disease.
Statins as Potential Chemoprevention or Therapeutic Agents in Cancer: a Model for Evaluating Repurposed Drugs
Authors: Joharatnam-Hogan Nalinie , Alexandre Leo , Yarmolinsky James , Lake Blossom , Capps Nigel , Martin Richard M , Ring Alistair , Cafferty Fay , Langley Ruth E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Repurposing established medicines for a new therapeutic indication potentially has important global and societal impact. The high costs and slow pace of new drug development have increased interest in more cost-effective repurposed drugs, particularly in the cancer arena. The conventional drug development pathway and evidence framework are not designed for drug repurposing and there is currently no consensus on establishing the evidence base before embarking on a large, resource intensive, potential practice changing phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT). Numerous observational studies have suggested a potential role for statins as a repurposed drug for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and we review the strength of the cumulative evidence here.

Recent Findings
In the setting of cancer, a potential repurposed drug, like statins, typically goes through a cyclical history, with initial use for several years in another disease setting, prior to epidemiological research identifying a possible chemo-protective effect. However, further information is required, including review of RCT data in the initial disease setting with exploration of cancer outcomes. Additionally, more contemporary methods should be considered, such as Mendelian randomization and pharmaco-epidemiological research with “target” trial design emulation using electronic health records. Pre-clinical and traditional observational data potentially support the role of statins in the treatment of cancer; however, randomised trial evidence is not supportive. Evaluation of contemporary methods provides little added support for the use of statin therapy in cancer.

Summary
We provide complementary evidence of alternative study designs to enable a robust critical appraisal from a number of sources of the go/no-go decision for a prospective phase III RCT of statins in the treatment of cancer.
Who achieves superior rates of upward social mobility and better labor market outcomes in China: international student returnees or postgraduates who study domestically?
Authors: Zhai Keyu , Gao Xing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGiven the growth in student mobility and transnational higher education, there is an abundance of research on international students’ studying and living experiences in a new environment. However, their poststudy transitions and social mobility have rarely been touched. This study addresses how student returnees perform in China’s labor market and social mobility, following their accomplishment of their master degree in the UK and return to China. In theoretical considerations of the graduates’ social mobility, Bourdieu’s capital theory helps identify the capital accumulation and conversion in the social mobility process. Based on a survey to collect data, 756 questionnaires are collected, including 347 questionnaires for returnees and 409 questionnaires for home graduates. Multi-regression model and visualization are employed to analyze the collected data. This study reports that home graduates have better performance in social mobility than their peers. Additionally, employment preference and spatial mobility between international and home graduates represent large diversity.
Potential of Typha latifolia L. for phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters in laboratory-scale constructed microcosm conditions
Authors: Meitei Maibam Dhanaraj , Prasad Majeti Narasimha Vara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study gave a preliminary report on the phytofiltration of iron-contaminated waters and aggravation of iron uptake by copper supplementation usingTypha latifoliaL. in constructed microcosms. During the experiment, Fe concentrations reduced up to 1.67 ± 0.076 mg L−1(94.43% removal efficiency) and 0.087 ± 0.013 mg L−1(97.10% removal efficiency) by 14th day from the initial concentrations of 30 mg L−1in the microcosm setups. Iron accumulation in the plant tissues was 2425.65 ± 41.01 mg kg−1(Fe with Cu) compared with 1446.00 ± 36.01 mg kg−1(without Cu), revealing that Cu addition in the microcosm setup magnifies Fe accumulation and removal. Thus, the results signify that constructed wetlands (CW) can serve as the low-cost, ecofriendly alternative for wastewater treatment.
Making Tweedie’s compound Poisson model more accessible
Authors: Delong Łukasz , Lindholm Mathias , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe most commonly used regression model in general insurance pricing is the compound Poisson model with gamma claim sizes. There are two different parametrizations for this model: the Poisson-gamma parametrization and Tweedie’s compound Poisson parametrization. Insurance industry typically prefers the Poisson-gamma parametrization. We review both parametrizations, provide new results that help to lower computational costs for Tweedie’s compound Poisson parameter estimation within generalized linear models, and we provide evidence supporting the industry preference for the Poisson-gamma parametrization.
Parallel modular multiplication using 512-bit advanced vector instructions
Authors: Buhrow Benjamin , Gilbert Barry , Haider Clifton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApplications such as public-key cryptography are critically reliant on the speed of modular multiplication for their performance. This paper introduces a new block-based variant of Montgomery multiplication, the Block Product Scanning (BPS) method, which is particularly efficient using new 512-bit advanced vector instructions (AVX-512) on modern Intel processor families. Our parallel-multiplication approach also allows for squaring and sub-quadratic Karatsuba enhancements. We demonstrate $$1.9\,\times $$

1.9

×

improvement in decryption throughput in comparison with OpenSSL and $$1.5\,\times $$

1.5

×

improvement in modular exponentiation throughput compared to GMP-6.1.2 on an Intel Xeon CPU. In addition, we show $$1.4\,\times $$

1.4

×

improvement in decryption throughput in comparison with state-of-the-art vector implementations on many-core Knights Landing Xeon Phi hardware. Finally, we show how interleaving Chinese remainder theorem-based RSA calculations within our parallel BPS technique halves decryption latency while providing protection against fault-injection attacks.