bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance on the Market Value of Financial Sector Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Adinegara Galih , Sukamulya Sukmawati 
Published: November 2021

Corporate governance is an interesting topic to discuss recently. Governance builds trust and predictability, hence generating comfort to investors. Companies that implement good corporate governance are expected to have a good financial performance to minimize agency problems and provide more benefits to shareholders. A corporate governance framework can determine the agency problem and its effect on shareholders' value. This study uses a random effect model estimation method. Good corporate governance in this study is measured with the corporate governance index (CGI) score and formed based on five sub-indexes. The company's market value is calculated by Tobin's Q ratio. The results of statistical tests show a positive relationship between the implementation of good corporate governance and its market value. Furthermore, this research shows how Indonesian banks listed in IDX from 2010 to 2019 implement good corporate governance practices as the index continues to increase every year.
Transfer RNA Synthesis and Regulation
Authors: Hori Hiroyuki , Hirata Akira , Ueda Takuya , Watanabe Kimitsuna , Tomikawa Chie , Tomita Kozo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), which is primarily transcribed from tRNA genes by RNA polymerase, matures via several steps: processing, splicing, CCA addition and posttranscriptional modifications. Primary transcripts of tRNA genes contain extra 5′ and 3′ sequences, which are removed by a set of nucleases. In addition, some primary transcripts contain introns, which are spliced out by specific endonucleases or in self‐splicing reactions. The ligation of exons generally requires a tRNA ligase. In some species, the CCA sequences present at the 3′‐termini of all mature tRNAs are not encoded in the tRNA genes but are added posttranscriptionally by a CCA‐adding enzyme. All mature tRNA molecules contain modified nucleotides, generated by specific tRNA modification enzymes or guide RNA systems. Recent studies have revealed that tRNA‐derived fragments act on biological phenomena such as regulation of translation. Furthermore, numerous tRNA‐like small RNAs have been found by genome sequencing.

Key Concepts

tRNA is transcribed from tRNA genes by RNA polymerase and matures through processing, splicing, CCA addition and posttranscriptional modification.

Synthesis of tRNA is regulated by promoter activity and specific factors, depending on the nutrient conditions of the cell.

The relative amounts of tRNA are regulated by several factors: copy number of tRNA genes, transcriptional activity and degradation by various nucleases.

Primary transcripts of tRNA genes contain extra 5′ and 3′ sequences, which are removed by a set of nucleases.

In some cases, tRNA transcripts contain introns, which are spliced out by specific endonuclease or the group I intron reaction. The two resultant fragments are joined by RNA ligase or the self‐splicing reaction.

CCA‐adding enzyme regulates the amount of active tRNA by introducing the CCA sequence at the
C
‐terminus of tRNA.

tRNA possesses a variety of modified nucleotides, which are introduced by specific tRNA modification enzymes.

Several modifications of tRNA play important roles in the translation process: promotion, expansion, restriction, and/or alteration of codon–anticodon interactions; stabilisation of tRNA structure; recognition by translation factors and aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases; etc.

Several modified nucleotides in tRNA are involved in RNA quality control systems, regulation of tRNA transport, infection and immune responses.

Fragments derived from tRNA are not degradation products of tRNA but function as regulator molecules for translation and gene expression.

In living cells, tRNA‐like small RNAs, which are often aminoacylated, have been found and may possess several physiological functions.
Messel
Authors: Smith Krister T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The Messel Pit, located near Frankfurt am Main, Germany, is inscribed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites due to the breathtaking quality of its fossils and the wealth of detail they reveal about life in an ancient ecosystem. Its age, about 48 million years old, places it in the last sustained greenhouse phase of Earth's climate, the Eocene. Fossils of most major terrestrial groups of organisms are preserved together, from freshwater algae to fungi, plants and animals. Species diversity in many groups is higher than in the same area today. Extraordinary details of organismic anatomy are preserved, from iridescent insect colouration to bird plumage and reptile scales. Furthermore, stunning specimens record organismic interactions, from predator–prey relations to reproductive behaviour. Messel arguably holds the greatest promise to elucidate a terrestrial ecosystem in a greenhouse climate.

Key Concepts

Messel is an ancient maar lake that resulted from volcanic eruptions 48 Ma.

Climate at the time was warm and equable, a so‐called ‘greenhouse climate’.

The sediment in which the fossils are preserved is an ‘oil shale’ with a high water and organic content.

A special transfer method developed in the mid‐twentieth century made possible the long‐term conservation of vertebrate fossils from Messel.

Messel preserves an exceptional taxonomic range of fossils, from algae to plants and animals.

Soft‐tissue preservation at Messel gives unparalleled insight into the anatomy of ancient organisms.

Extraordinary specimens from Messel document organismic interactions, from trophic relations to reproductive behaviour.
Atomic‐Level Insight into the Formation of Subsurface Dislocation Layer and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties During Ultrafast Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication
Authors: Xie Jiawang , Yan Jianfeng , Zhu Dezhi , He Guangzhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicro/nano processing technologies have been extensively studied since micro/nano structures are used in different area such as microelectronics and microdevices. As a high‐precision processing technology, ultrafast laser has been applied in the fabrication of different types of metallic micro/nano structures. However, the knowledge about the materials response of metals at atomic scale during laser processing is still necessary to explore. Herein, the femtosecond laser processing of metals from the atomic structure perspective is revealed. Three different layers named recast layer, high density dislocation layer, and unaffected layer are found after femtosecond laser irradiation. The recast layer is on the surface, which is generated from the resolidification of melting materials. The high density dislocation layer, consisting of dislocations and stacking faults, is observed beneath the irradiated surface. The dislocation layer is produced by the laser‐induced stress wave, and the mechanical properties of irradiated surface are affected by the laser‐induced subsurface dislocation layer. The unaffected layer is not affected by laser irradiation, and maintains the initial atomic structure. The research gives new information about the ultrafast laser processing of metals at atomic‐level, which is helpful to the fabrication of functional micro/nano devices for wide applications.
Sequential Activation of Molecular and Macroscopic Spin‐State Switching within the Hysteretic Region Following Pulsed Light Excitation
Authors: Ridier Karl , Nicolazzi William , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular spin‐crossover (SCO) compounds constitute a promising class of photoactive materials exhibiting efficient photoinduced phase transitions (PIPTs). Taking advantage of the unique, picture‐perfect reproducibility of the spin‐transition properties in the compound [Fe(HB(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)3)2], the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PIPT within the thermodynamic metastability (hysteretic) region of a single crystal is dissected, using pump–probe optical microscopy. Beyond a threshold laser‐excitation density, complete PIPTs are evidenced, with conversion rates up to 200 switched molecules per absorbed photon. It is shown that the PIPT takes place through the sequential activation of two (molecular and macroscopic) switching mechanisms, occurring on sub‐microsecond and millisecond timescales, governed by the intramolecular and free energy barriers of the system, respectively. The main finding here is that the thermodynamic metastability has strictly no influence on the sub‐millisecond switching dynamics. Indeed, before this millisecond timescale, the response of the crystal to the laser excitation involves a gradual, molecular conversion process, as if there were no hysteresis loop. Consequently, in this regime, even a 100% photoinduced conversion may not give rise to a PIPT. These results provide new insight on the intrinsic dynamical limits of the PIPT, which is an important issue from a technological perspective.
Progress and Challenges for Memtransistors in Neuromorphic Circuits and Systems
Authors: Yan Xiaodong , Qian Justin H. , Sangwan Vinod K. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to the increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI), significant recent effort has been devoted to the development of neuromorphic circuits that seek to emulate the energy‐efficient information processing of the brain. While non‐volatile memory (NVM) based on resistive switches, phase‐change memory, and magnetic tunnel junctions has shown potential for implementing neural networks, additional multi‐terminal device concepts are required for more sophisticated bio‐realistic functions. Of particular interest are memtransistors based on low‐dimensional nanomaterials, which are capable of electrostatically tuning memory and learning behavior at the device level. Herein, a conceptual overview of the memtransistor is provided in the context of neuromorphic circuits. Recent progress is surveyed for memtransistors and related multi‐terminal NVM devices including dual‐gated floating‐gate memories, dual‐gated ferroelectric transistors, and dual‐gated van der Waals heterojunctions. The different materials systems and device architectures are classified based on the degree of control and relative tunability of synaptic behavior, with an emphasis on device concepts that harness the reduced dimensionality, weak electrostatic screening, and phase‐changes properties of nanomaterials. Finally, strategies for achieving wafer‐scale integration of memtransistors and multi‐terminal NVM devices are delineated, with specific attention given to the materials challenges for practical neuromorphic circuits.
Stabilization of Exposed Metal Nanocrystals in High‐Temperature Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Feng Kai , Li Chaoran , Tang Rui , Xiao Mengqi , Song Rui , Yang Di , Yan Binhang , He Le 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColloidal metal nanocrystals with uniform sizes, shapes, compositions, and architectures are ideal building blocks for constructing heterogeneous catalysts with well‐defined characteristics toward the investigation of accurate structure–property relationships and better understanding of catalytic mechanism. However, their applications in high‐temperature heterogeneous catalysis are often restricted by the difficulty in maintaining the high metal dispersity and easy accessibility to active sites under harsh operating conditions. Here, a partial‐oxide‐coating strategy is proposed to stabilize metal nanocrystals against sintering and meanwhile enable an effective exposure of active sites. As a proof‐of‐concept, controlled partial silica coating of colloidally prepared Pd0.82Ni0.18 nanocrystals with the size of 8 nm is demonstrated. This partially coated catalyst exhibits excellent activity, selectivity, and stability, outperforming its counterparts with fully coated and supported structures, in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) catalysis particularly at high operating temperatures. This study opens a new avenue for the exploration of colloidal metal nanocrystals in high‐temperature heterogeneous catalysis.
Dichroic Dipole Antenna Membranes from Aligned Linear BOPHY Dyes
Authors: Hupfer Maximilian L. , Ghosh Soumik , Wang Yingchun , Opsomer Tomas , Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Dehaen Wim , Presselt Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinear dyes are molecular mimics of dipole antennas that receive UV–vis light. In this work the assembly of linear dyes via the Langmuir technique to achieve uniform dye alignment for optically anisotropic molecular dipole antenna arrays is presented. The molecular orientations in these arrays are quantified from Langmuir isotherms, topography data, and from polarization‐ and angle‐dependent UV–vis transmission spectra. It is achieved the smallest angles by which the transition dipole moment orientation deviates from vertical alignment (16°–30°) in the antenna arrays that have been reported in literature so far. The resulting maximum absorption contrast between grazing and vertical incidence amounts to 75%. This high optical anisotropy enables application as anisotropic receiver arrays in optical communication, as optical layers for privacy applications, or other applications building on dichroic dye layers.
Device Simulation of Ag2SrSnS4 and Ag2SrSnSe4 Based Thin‐Film Solar Cells from Scratch
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Tripathy Susanta Kumar , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Hvizdos Pavol , Menon P. Susthitha , Lin Fen , Aberle Armin Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe structural, optoelectronic and elastic properties of quaternary chalcogenide materials Ag2SrSn(S/Se)4 in kesterite (Kes) and stannite (Sta) phases are studied using the HSE hybrid functional within the density functional theory. Ag2SrSnSe4 in kesterite and stannite phases is found to have direct bandgap of 1.13 and 1.38 eV, respectively, along the high symmetry Γ points. To analyze the electronic properties, PDOS for Ag2SrSn(S/Se)4 in kesterite and stannite phases are studied and explained. To get more insights into the optical behavior of the materials the authors also investigate the dielectric function, refractive function, absorption spectrum, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, and optical conductivity. They also calculate the single‐layer absorber efficiency of Ag2SrSn(S/Se)4 in kesterite and stannite phases using the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) approach to predict their potential as an efficient absorber layer material in thin‐film solar cells (TFSC). The SLME for Ag2SrSnSe4 in kesterite and stannite phases is found to be 31.4% and 32.4%, respectively. Further, a complete solar cell device analysis with these materials as an absorber layer is carried out using the SCAPS‐1D software. They found that devices with the kesterite and stannite structure of Ag2SrSnSe4 have a predicted efficiency of 20.04% and 18.59%, respectively.
Computational Search to Find Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Emitting Organic Molecules Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Eskandarian Parvin , Fallah Hamidreza , Hajimahmoodzadeh Morteza , Zabolian Hossein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComputational screening is highly fruitful for initial studies of unknown molecules due to the capability of this tool in molecular discovery and the continuous improvement of computational methods. This article reports how computational studies on more than 300 organic molecules can identify thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters that emit light within the range of red up to near‐infrared (NIR) with high TADF rates. According to time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) computations, the best compounds exhibit a low singlet‐triplet energy gap of 0.03 eV and oscillator strength of 0.0425, leading to a high rate of delayed fluorescence decay of 1.4483 μs−1. Additionally, an experimental‐theory calibration approach is used as an adjunct to experimental research in the future, and emission wavelengths in promising charge‐transfer compounds are estimated as large as 689 nm.
Nanomotor‐Derived Porous Biomedical Particles from Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Yuxiao , Cheng Yi , Zhao Cheng , Wang Huan , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPorous particles have found widespread applications in therapeutic diagnosis, drug delivery, and tissue engineering due to their typical properties of large surface area, extensive loading capacity, and hierarchical microstructures. Attempts in this aspect are focusing on the development of effective methods to generate functional porous particles. Herein, a simple droplet microfluidics for continuously and directly generating porous particles by introducing bubble‐propelled nanomotors into the system is presented. As the nanomotors can continuously generate gas bubbles in the unsolidified droplet templates, the desirable porous microparticles can be obtained after droplet polymerization. It is demonstrated that the generation process is highly controlled and the resultant microparticles show excellent porosity and monodispersity. In addition, the obtained porous microparticles can serve as microcarriers for 3D cell culture, because of their characteristic porous structures and favorable biocompatibility. Moreover, owing to the existence of oxygen in these microparticles, they can be used to improve the healing effects of wounds in the type I diabetes rat models. These remarkable features of the generation strategy and the porous microparticles point to their potential values in various biomedical fields.
Narrow Band Red Emission Fluorophore with Reasonable Multiple Resonance Effect
Authors: Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Hwang Soon Jae , Lee Hyuna , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping boron‐based emitters in red region with a narrow band spectrum is crucial and challenging for optoelectronic applications. Herein the authors report novel emitters with reasonable multiple resonance (MR) effect by utilizing a CC bond type connection instead of conventional CN bond. The designed emitters BP‐2DPA and DBP‐4DPA exhibit narrowband pure red emissions with photoluminescence (PL) maxima of 599, 605 nm with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 34 nm and high PL quantum yield of 91.3, 96.4%, respectively. Moreover, compared to reported MR emitters, the synthesis of BP‐2DPA and DBP‐4DPA has resulted in a high yield near to 40% with ease to scale in grams. The designed rigid moieties show reasonable MR effect with atomically highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital separations. The fabricated organic light‐emitting diodes based on BP‐2DPA and DBP‐4DPA possessed an external quantum efficiency of 11.3% and 15.1%, pure red emission with electroluminescence maxima at 605 and 617 nm, a narrow FWHM of 42 and 44 nm respectively. The corresponding CIE coordinates are well approaching near to red color NTSC requirements. This is the first work reported with this strategy for achieving narrow emission spectrum for pure red color emitters.
Defining well‐being: A case‐study among emergency medicine residents at an academic center: A qualitative study
Authors: Deutsch Amanda J. , Sangha Hareena , Spadaro Anthony , Goldenring Jacob , Mamtani Mira , Scott Kevin R. , Conlon Lauren W. , Agarwal Anish K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare‐associated burnout is linked to reduced quality of care, decreased patient experience, and higher cost. The National Academy of Medicine has emphasized the importance of supporting clinician well‐being across healthcare; however, well‐being is poorly defined, especially early in emergency medicine training.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to explore and understand the attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives of emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians surrounding well‐being. A secondary objective was to identify priority areas of focus to promote a culture of well‐being for EM trainees.ApproachWe conducted semi‐structured focus groups of EM resident physicians at an urban, academic institution with a 4‐year training curriculum. Focus group interviews were transcribed and constructivist aggregated themes were identified using content analysis with a constant comparative coding approach.ResultsSeventeen EM residents participated in semi‐structured qualitative focus groups (PGY1 = 6, PGY2 = 6, PGY3 = 2, PGY4 = 3). Six key themes related to well‐being emerged spanning clinical and nonclinical areas: (1) a focus on basic needs being met, (2) on‐shift operational structure, (3) individual feedback, (4) feeling valued for clinical contributions, (5) a sense of community within the clinical environment, and (6) a sense of personal ownership over time.ConclusionsShifting the focus for medical trainees away from mitigating burnout and toward proactively promoting well‐being is important. Understanding the perspectives and key themes in how EM residents define well‐being can help support trainees early in their careers. Using qualitative methods, this study identified six key themes that can guide trainees, educational leaders, and academic hospital systems as they work toward building a culture of well‐being early in graduate medical education.
Longitudinal Pancreaticojejunostomy for Pancreaticodigestive Tract Anastomotic Stricture After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Matsumoto Ippei , Kamei Keiko , Kawaguchi Kohei , Yoshida Yuta , Matsumoto Masataka , Lee Dongha , Murase Takaaki , Satoi Shumpei , Takebe Atsushi , Takeyama Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimPancreaticodigestive tract anastomotic stricture is a long‐term complication of pancreticoduodenectomy (PD). However, optimal treatment has not yet been defined. We conducted longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) in symptomatic patients with anastomotic stricture after PD. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure.MethodsPancreticoduodenectomy was performed in 605 patients at our institution between January 2005 and April 2020. Of these, 15 patients (2.5%) developed symptomatic pancreaticodigestive tract anastomotic stricture after PD. Three patients were referred to our institution owing to recurrent pancreatitis with anastomotic stricture after PD. LPJ was indicated for these 18 patients, and they were enrolled in this study.ResultsThe median time from the initial operation to LPJ was 2.0 y. Preoperative clinical presentations included obstructive pancreatitis in 10 patients, a rapid deterioration of glucose tolerance in nine, and severe steatorrhea in two. Surgical morbidity ≥grade III defined by the Clavien–Dindo classification was not observed. After LPJ, preoperative symptoms improved in 16 patients (89%) during a median follow‐up of 39 mo. Nine of the 10 patients with obstructive pancreatitis achieved complete pain relief. All nine patients with a rapid deterioration of glucose tolerance showed improved endocrine function. Daily insulin requirement was significantly decreased after LPJ (11.6 ± 3.3 vs 3.4 ± 4.3 units, P = .0239). Four of the seven patients who required insulin injections were free of insulin after LPJ.ConclusionLPJ is a safe and effective surgical procedure for symptomatic patients with stricture of the pancreaticodigestive tract anastomosis after PD.
Advances in Synthesis of Enantioenriched Chiral Sulfones by Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reactions
Authors: Liang Xiayu , Shen Yongcun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChiral sulfones, a class of organic compounds with broad application prospects in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry, are an important part of building bioactive molecules or functional materials. In this paper, the advances and the state of synthesizing chiral sulfones by addition reactions are reviewed. The methods described in the manuscript are classified according to the types of reaction. Moreover, each chapter is arranged in chronological order.