bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Materialverhalten von Polymerbeton
Authors: Lambert Thomas , Bender Michél , Becker Wieland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolymerbeton ist ein hochleistungsfähiges Material, welches im Bau‐ und Maschinenbauwesen bereits eine vielfältige Anwendung erfährt. Im Bauwesen kann das Potenzial des Materials allerdings bislang nicht gänzlich genutzt werden. Ursache ist neben fehlenden normativen Grundlagen für das Material und dessen Bemessung auch eine fehlende Klassifizierung des Materials nach den relevanten bautechnischen Normen. Gerade im Anwendungsbereich tragender Bauteile, wie z. B. hochbeanspruchter Knoten‐ und Anschlussgeometrien von Stabtragwerken und Ingenieurkonstruktionen, liegt jedoch das Potenzial des Polymerbetons mit seiner hohen Druck‐ und Biegezugfestigkeit. Um die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im Bauwesen entsprechend zu erweitern, werden maßgebende Materialparameter eines handelsüblichen Polymerbetons, wie die Druck‐, Biegezug‐, Zugfestigkeit, der E‐Modul sowie die Verbundfestigkeit zum gerippten Betonstahl, nach bautechnischen Normen geprüft und charakteristische Materialkennwerte abgeleitet. Die Untersuchungen variieren nach Probekörpergeometrien, Betonalter und Temperatur. Die Einordnung und Klassifizierung der Materialeigenschaften erfolgt im Vergleich mit normal‐, hoch‐ und ultrahochfesten Betonen.
Biotechnological production of the European corn borer sex pheromone in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Petkevicius Karolis , Koutsoumpeli Eleni , Betsi Petri Christina , Ding Bao‐Jian , Kildegaard Kanchana Rueksomtawin , Jensen Hilbert , Mezo Nora , Mazziotta Andrea , Gabrielsson Anders , Sinkwitz Christina , Lorantfy Bettina , Holkenbrink Carina , Löfstedt Christer , Raptopoulos Dimitris , Konstantopoulou Maria , Borodina Irina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis is a widespread pest of cereals, particularly maize. Mating disruption with the sex pheromone is a potentially attractive method for managing this pest; however, chemical synthesis of pheromones requires expensive starting materials and catalysts and generates hazardous waste. The goal of this study was to develop a biotechnological method for the production of ECB sex pheromone. Our approach was to engineer the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce (Z)‐11‐tetradecenol (Z11‐14:OH), which can then be chemically acetylated to (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14:OAc), the main pheromone component of the Z‐race of O. nubilalis. First, a C14 platform strain with increased biosynthesis of myristoyl‐CoA was obtained by introducing a point mutation into the α‐subunit of fatty acid synthase, replacing isoleucine 1220 with phenylalanine (Fas2pI1220F). The intracellular accumulation of myristic acid increased 8.4‐fold. Next, fatty acyl‐CoA desaturases (FAD) and fatty acyl‐CoA reductases (FAR) from nine different species of Lepidoptera were screened in the C14 platform strain, individually and in combinations. A titer of 29.2 ± 1.6 mg L‐1 Z11‐14:OH was reached in small‐scale cultivation with an optimal combination of a FAD (Lbo_PPTQ) from Lobesia botrana and FAR (HarFAR) from Helicoverpa armigera. When the second copies of FAD and FAR genes were introduced, the titer improved 2.1‐fold. The native FAS1 gene's overexpression led to a further 1.5‐fold titer increase, reaching 93.9 ± 11.7 mg L‐1 in small‐scale cultivation. When the same engineered strain was cultivated in controlled 1 L bioreactors in fed‐batch mode, 188.1 ± 13.4 mg L‐1 of Z11‐14:OH was obtained. Fatty alcohols were extracted from the biomass and chemically acetylated to obtain Z11‐14:OAc. Electroantennogram experiments showed that males of the Z‐race of O. nubilalis were responsive to biologically‐derived pheromone blend. Behavioral bioassays in a wind tunnel revealed attraction of male O. nubilalis, although full precopulatory behavior was observed less often than for the chemically synthesized pheromone blend. The study paves the way for the production of ECB pheromone by fermentation.
RETRACTED: LINC01224 accelerates malignant transformation via MiR‐193a‐5p/CDK8 axis in gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Hui , Yan Jihong , Tian Guangyu , Chen Xiaojun , Song Wenbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with a significantly high mortality rate, yet, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Bioinformatics predicted that LINC01224 is highly expressed in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and showed that LINC01224 adsorbed miR‐193a‐5p to target CDK8. Therefore, this study intended to verify the effect of the LINC01224/miR‐193a‐5p/CDK8 axis on the biological behavior of gastric cancer.MethodsExpressions of LINC01224, miR‐193a‐5p, CDK8, apoptosis‐, and EMT‐related genes were analyzed using the GEPIA website, RT‐qPCR, in situ hybridization, and Western blot as needed. Bioinformatics and dual luciferase assay were used to evaluate the relationship between LINC01224, miR‐193a‐5p, and CDK8. Functional experiments and rescue experiments (MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell) were conducted to detect the effects of the above genes on the biological characteristics of GC cells. Tumorigenesis assay was used to verify the results of in vitro experiments.ResultsLINC01224 adsorbed miR‐193a‐5p to target and upregulate CDK8. The expressions of LINC01224 and CDK8 were increased, while the expression of miR‐193a‐5p was decreased in GC. Overexpressed LINC01224 promoted cell viability, migration and invasion, accelerated tumor formation, attenuated apoptosis, inhibited the expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins, and promoted the expressions of EMT‐related proteins, whereas silenced LINC01224 led to the opposite effect. MiR‐193a‐5p inhibitor partially offset the effect of silenced LINC01224; interestingly, siCDK8 significantly reversed the effect of miR‐193a‐5p inhibitor on GC cells.ConclusionLINC01224 affects the biological behavior of gastric cancer by mediating miR‐193a‐5p to regulate CDK8.
When should retailers increase prices during a crisis? A longitudinal inquiry during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Ye Hongjun , Bhatt Siddharth , Zhang Jintao , Suri Rajneesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe consumer price index in the United States has increased since the COVID‐19 outbreak. Little is known about how consumers perceive price increases during such a crisis. Our research focuses on how consumers' price fairness perceptions change at different time points of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results from a longitudinal study (April–May, 2020, N = 271) suggest that when the lockdown restrictions were eased, consumers experienced changes in affect and perceived price increases to be less unfair. Our analysis reveals that such an effect was driven by changes in positive affect rather than negative affect. This research advances pricing literature by showing that affect, triggered by external situations such as a crisis, influences price fairness perceptions over and above the negative affect induced by the price increase.
Green Emulsified Liquid Membrane for Hexavalent Chromium Extraction: Formulation and Process Optimization
Authors: Anarakdim Katia , Gutiérrez Gemma , Cambiella Ángel , Senhadji‐Kebiche Ounissa , Matos María 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of several formulation and operating conditions on hexavalent chromium extraction by green emulsified liquid membranes (GELMs) was studied. An excellent removal efficiency was achieved under optimized conditions. The optimum GELM formulation in terms of stability was obtained with tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as extractant, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) as stabilizers in sunflower oil. Optimum GELMs showed a monomodal distribution of sizes around 1.29 µm. Results confimed that the use of a vegetable solvent and PGPR for GELM formulation is a promising alternative to petroleum organic solvents.
Comparison of partial least squares‐discriminant analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy methods for classification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells based on mid‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sampaio Pedro Sousa , Calado Cecília R. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely studied and highly utilized eukaryotic organism, ideally suited to high throughput metabolic analysis, being a powerful model for understanding basic cell biology. This study compares the models developed by two supervised methods, such as the partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectra registered during the growth of S. cerevisiae in bioreactor. The spectra were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), with resolution in five different classes, which were well defined in terms of their biochemical parameters. The SIMCA model showed a significant fitting, 99%, validation, 98%, and prediction parameters, 97%, comparatively with PLS‐DA model. Regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity parameters, a value between 83% and 100% was achieved for both methods, but the SIMCA method showed significant specificity and sensitivity values, 98%–100%, representing a suitable classification tool of yeast cells. According to these results, the MIR spectra associated with chemometric tools can be considered a valued strategy for a classification and detailed analysis for an accurate control, allowing to predict the evolution of the corrected process in advance, avoiding losses of time and costs associated with new fermentations, identifying a significant number of samples in any biotechnological process.
The Simplest Model for Doped Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): Single‐crystalline EDOT Dimer Radical Cation Salts
Authors: Kameyama Ryohei , Fujino Tomoko , Dekura Shun , Kawamura Mitsuaki , Ozaki Taisuke , Mori Hatsumi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Tomoko Fujino and Hatsumi Mori at the University of Tokyo. The image depicts the structural information of doped PEDOT uncovered by the single‐crystalline EDOT dimer model. Read the full text of the article at .10.1002/chem.202005333
A coupled hydrodynamic‐biokinetic simulation of three‐phase flow in an oxidation ditch using CFD
Authors: Norouzi‐Firouz Hossein , Sarrafzadeh Mohammad‐Hossein , Zarghami Reza , Moshiri‐Tabrizi Iman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoupling the hydrodynamic and biokinetic models, was done on a lab‐scale oxidation ditch as the bioreactor of the activated sludge process and validated against the available experimental data. The simulation was carried out in three‐phase, three‐dimensional conditions with k‐є and Eulerian–Eulerian methods. A simplified activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1) has been added to transport terms to account for the biokinetic model. Rotatory speed for surface aerator was initially increased and its corresponding effects on solid volume fraction, dissolved oxygen, and velocity profile and values were observed. A 150 rpm increase in the rotational velocity resulted in 36% higher average liquid phase velocity for the one‐aerator arrangement, which was 3% more than that of the two‐aerator oxidation ditch. The 150% increase in the solid volume fraction led to a 10% reduction in the maximum liquid phase velocity. The effect of aerators number has been considered explicitly on baffle performance and liquid phase velocity profile. Finally, a new design for the aerator has been offered that provides an ordered flow field and optimal conditions for the performance of the baffle and oxidation process.
Origin of the Electron Transport Properties of Aromatic and Antiaromatic Single Molecule Circuits
Authors: Arasu Narendra P. , Vázquez Héctor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntiaromatic molecules have been predicted to exhibit increased electron transport properties when placed between two nanoelectrodes compared to their aromatic analogues. While some studies have demonstrated this relationship, others have found no substantial increase. We use atomistic simulations to establish a general relationship between the electronic spectra of aromatic, antiaromatic, and quinoidal molecules and illustrate its implications for electron transport. We compare the electronic properties of a series of aromatic‐antiaromatic counterparts and show that antiaromaticity effectively p‐dopes the aromatic electronic spectra. As a consequence, the conducting properties of aromatic‐antiaromatic analogues are closely related. For similar attachment points to the electrodes, an interference feature is expected in the HOMO‐LUMO gap of one whenever it is absent in the other one. We demonstrate how the relative conductance of aromatic‐antiaromatic pairs can be tuned and even reversed through the choice of chemical linker groups. Our work provides a general picture relating connectivity, (anti)aromaticity, and quantum interference and establishes new design rules for single molecule circuits.
Mechanistic insights into the heterogeneous response to anti‐VEGF treatment in tumors
Authors: Li Ding , Finley Stacey D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong promoter of angiogenesis in tumors, and anti‐VEGF treatment, such as a humanized antibody to VEGF, is clinically used as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy to treat cancer patients. However, this approach is not effective in all patients or cancer types. To better understand the heterogeneous responses to anti‐VEGF and the synergy between anti‐VEGF and other anticancer therapies, we constructed a computational model characterizing angiogenesis‐mediated growth of in vivo mouse tumor xenografts. The model captures VEGF‐mediated cross‐talk between tumor cells and endothelial cells and is able to predict the details of molecular‐ and cellular‐level dynamics. The model predictions of tumor growth in response to anti‐VEGF closely match the quantitative measurements from multiple preclinical mouse studies. We applied the model to investigate the effects of VEGF‐targeted treatment on tumor cells and endothelial cells. We identified that tumors with lower tumor cell growth rate and higher carrying capacity have a stronger response to anti‐VEGF treatment. The predictions indicate that the variation of tumor cell growth rate can be a main reason for the experimentally observed heterogeneous response to anti‐VEGF. In addition, our simulation results suggest a new synergy mechanism where anticancer therapy can enhance anti‐VEGF simply through reducing the tumor cell growth rate. Overall, this work generates novel insights into the heterogeneous response to anti‐VEGF treatment and the synergy of anti‐VEGF with other therapies, providing a tool that be further used to test and optimize anticancer therapy.
The efficacy and safety of the combination of axitinib and pembrolizumab‐activated autologous DC‐CIK cell immunotherapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a phase 2 study
Authors: Song Meng‐Jia , Pan Qiu‐Zhong , Ding Ya , Zeng Jianxiong , Dong Pei , Zhao Jing‐Jing , Tang Yan , Li Jingjing , Zhang Zhiling , He Junyi , Yang Jieying , Huang Yue , Peng Ruiqing , Wang Qi‐Jing , Gu Jia‐Mei , He Jia , Li Yong‐Qiang , Chen Shi‐Ping , Huang Rongxing , Zhou Zi‐Qi , Yang Chaopin , Han Yulong , Chen Hao , Liu Heping , Xia Shangzhou , Wan Yang , Weng De‐Sheng , Xia Liming , Zhou Fang‐Jian , Xia Jian‐Chuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough axitinib has achieved a preferable response rate for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), patient survival remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of axitinib and a low dose of pembrolizumab‐activated autologous dendritic cells–co‐cultured cytokine‐induced killer cells in patients with advanced RCC.MethodsAll adult patients, including treatment‐naive or pretreated with VEGF‐targeted agents, were enrolled from May 2016 to March 2019. Patients received axitinib 5 mg twice daily and pembrolizumab‐activated dendritic cells–co‐cultured cytokine‐induced killer cells intravenously weekly for the first four cycles, every 2 weeks for the next four cycles, and every month thereafter.ResultsThe 43 patients (22 untreated and 21 previously treated) showed a median progression‐free survival (mPFS) of 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.16–18.30). mPFS in treatment‐naive patients was 18.2 months, as compared with 14.4 months in pretreated patients (log‐rank P‐value = 0.07). Overall response rates were 25.6% (95% CI, 13.5–41.2%). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 5% of patients included hypertension (11.6%) and palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia (7.0%). Peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotype and serum cytokine profile analyses demonstrated increased antitumor immunity after combination treatment particularly in patients with a long‐term survival benefit, while those with a minimal survival benefit demonstrated an elevated proportion of peripheral CD8+TIM3+ T cells and lower serum‐level immunostimulatory cytokine profile.ConclusionsThe combination therapy was active and well tolerated for treatment of advanced RCC, either as first‐ or second‐line treatment following other targeted agents. Changes in immunophenotype and serum cytokine profile may be used as prognostic biomarkers.
A story from the Miocene: Clock‐dated phylogeny of Sisymbrium L. (Sisymbrieae, Brassicaceae)
Authors: Žerdoner Čalasan Anže , German Dmitry A. , Hurka Herbert , Neuffer Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphological variability and imprecise generic boundaries have hindered systematic, taxonomical, and nomenclatural studies of Sisymbrium L. (Brassicaceae, Sisymbrieae DC.). The members of this almost exclusively Old‐World genus grow mostly on highly porous substrates across open steppe, semidesert, or ruderal habitats in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere and African subtropics. The present study placed the biological history of Sisymbrium L. into time and space and rendered the tribus Sisymbrieae as monotypic. Five nuclear‐encoded and three chloroplast‐encoded loci of approximately 85% of all currently accepted species were investigated. Several accessions per species covering their whole distribution range allowed for a more representative assessment of intraspecific genetic diversity. In the light of fossil absence, the impact of different secondary calibration methods and taxon sets on time spans was tested, and we showed that such a combinatorial nested dating approach is beneficial. Multigene phylogeny accompanied with a time divergence estimation analysis placed the onset and development of this tribus into the western Irano‐Turanian floristic region during the Miocene. Continuous increase in continentality and decrease in temperatures promoted the diversity of the Sisymbrieae, which invaded the open grasslands habitats in Eurasia, Mediterranean, and South Africa throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Our results support the assumption of the Irano‐Turanian region as a biodiversity reservoir for adjacent regions.
Influence of limited replacement of NaCl with KCl and yeast extract on microbiological, chemical, sensory, and textural properties of emulsion‐type chicken sausages
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Majid , Berizi Enayat , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract‏In this study, the production of emulsion‐type sausage by replacement of 20% to 40% KCl plus 1% or 2% yeast extract instead of NaCl was studied. The physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of the samples were analyzed up to 28 days of storage. The sample sausages were approved by the panelists. The physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of emulsion‐type sausages were not considerably influenced by these changes. The 40% replaced salt by KCl showed a similar property rather than the regular sausages. The aroma and taste of the sausages improved by using yeast extract. In addition, the adverse flavors resulted from adding KCl were excluded by adding the yeast extract. As a result, production of healthy emulsion‐type sausages (having 40% lower NaCl) with acceptable sensory qualities was introduced.
The Precise Relationship Between Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease and Survival Without a Liver Transplant
Authors: VanDerwerken Douglas N. , Wood Nicholas L. , Segev Dorry L. , Gentry Sommer E. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Scores from the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD), which are used to prioritize candidates for deceased donor livers, are widely acknowledged to be negatively correlated with the 90‐day survival rate without a liver transplant. However, inconsistent and outdated estimates of survival probabilities by MELD preclude useful applications of the MELD score.

Approach and Results
Using data from all prevalent liver waitlist candidates from 2016 to 2019, we estimated 3‐day, 7‐day, 14‐day, 30‐day, and 90‐day without‐transplant survival probabilities (with confidence intervals) for each MELD score and status 1A. We used an adjusted Kaplan‐Meier model to avoid unrealistic assumptions and multiple observations per person instead of just the observation at listing. We found that 90‐day without‐transplant survival has improved over the last decade, with survival rates increasing >10% (in absolute terms) for some MELD scores. We demonstrated that MELD correctly prioritizes candidates in terms of without‐transplant survival probability but that status 1A candidates’ short‐term without‐transplant survival is higher than that of MELD 40 candidates and lower than that of MELD 39 candidates. Our primary result is the updated survival functions themselves.

Conclusions
We calculated without‐transplant survival probabilities for each MELD score (and status 1A). The survival function is an invaluable tool for many applications in liver transplantation: awarding of exception points, calculating the relative demand for deceased donor livers in different geographic areas, calibrating the pediatric end‐stage liver disease score, and deciding whether to accept an offered liver.
An Updated Assessment of Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born Persons Living in the United States
Authors: Wong Robert J. , Brosgart Carol L. , Welch Sue , Block Tim , Chen Mark , Cohen Chari , Kim W. Ray , Kowdley Kris V. , Lok Anna S. , Tsai Naoky , Ward John , Wong Steven S. , Gish Robert G. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Although prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the USA includes 0.42 million (range, 0.28‐0.67) U.S.‐born persons, foreign‐born (FB) persons contribute a substantially larger number to the burden of CHB in the USA. Over the past decade, patterns of U.S. immigration have changed and many countries have implemented HBV prevention programs. This study aims to estimate the number of FB persons with CHB in the USA by country of origin, updating our 2011 study.

Approach and Results
We performed systematic searches for articles published in 2009–2019 reporting HBsAg seroprevalence in emigrants and in‐country populations of 117 countries. Data meeting inclusion criteria were combined with data from our 2011 study to calculate pooled prevalence estimates for 99 countries using meta‐analyses (total 2,800 surveys involving 112 million subjects). Combining country‐specific CHB rate estimates with the number of FB in the USA in 2018, by country of origin from the U.S. Census Bureau, we estimate that the number of FB with CHB in the USA in 2018 was 1.47 million (95% CI, 1.21‐1.73), substantially higher than previously reported. The weighted average CHB prevalence for all FB in the USA in 2018 was 3.07%. Approximately 59% of FB with CHB in the USA in 2018 emigrated from Asia, 19% from the Americas, and 15% from Africa. Subgroup analyses found that for many countries, CHB rates are higher in males than females and have declined over the past three decades, but no consistent pattern is observed between emigrant and in‐country rates.

Conclusions
Including FB and U.S.‐born persons, the total prevalence of CHB in the USA may be as high as 2.4 million.