Risiko Gangguan Kesehatan Masyarakat Akibat Pajanan PM10 di Kota Padang
Authors: Nur Erdi , Seno Basuki Ario , Hidayanti Rahmi 
Published: October 2021

Latar belakang: Pencemaran udara merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang mempunyai dampak serius pada kesehatan manusia dan kualitas lingkungan. Salah satu polutan udara yang dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan adalah partikel debu/ Particullate Matter (PM10). Kegiatan penambangan tanah liat di Gunung Sarik merupakan yang terbesar di Kota Padang. Proses pengangkutan tanah liat ke perusahaan, menimbulkan dampak terhadap masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko lingkungan pajanan PM 10 kegiatan penambangan tanah liat dan manajemen risiko yang dapat dilakukan.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April sampai November 2019, sebanyak 53 responden. Parameter yang diukur adalah PM10 pada empat titik pengukuran. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara systematik random sampling. Instrumen berupa LVAS, termohygrometer, anemometer, timbangan dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan tahapan analisis risiko lingkungan.Hasil: Konsentrasi PM10 adalah 0,152 µg/m3 melebihi baku mutu sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 2009. Nilai intake pajanan PM10 secara inhalasi di titik empat memiliki nilai RQ > 1, menunjukkan bahwa pemajanan tidak aman bagi masyarakat di sepanjang jalan Gunung Sarik sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian.Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu titik pengukuran dengan konsentrasi PM10 udara ambien di Gunung Sarik 0,152 µg/m3 melewati baku mutu sesuai PP No 41 Tahun 2009 yaitu 150 µg/m3 . Hasil analisis risiko RQ>1, artinya pemajanan tidak aman bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di sepanjang Jalan Gunung Sarikdan sebanyak 43 responden (86%) memiliki gejala gangguan saluran pernafasan ABSTRACTTitle: Public Health Problems Due to PM10 Exposure in Padang CityBackground: Air pollution is a public health problem that has a serious impact on human health and environmental quality. One of the air pollutants that can cause health problems is dust particles / Particullate Matter (PM10). The clay mining activity in Gunung Sarik is the largest in Padang City. The process of transporting clay to the company has an impact on the community and the surrounding environment. This study aims to analyze the environmental risk of exposure to PM10 clay mining activities and the risk management that can be carried out.Method: The study used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method. The study was conducted from April to November 2019, with a total of 53 respondents. The measured parameter is the four point PM10 measurement. The sampling technique is systematic random sampling. Instruments using LVAS, thermohygrometer, anemometer, scales and questionnaires. Data analysis uses the environmental risk analysis stage. Result: The concentration of PM10 is 0.152 µg/m3 exceeding the quality standard in accordance with Government Regulation No. 41 of 2009. The value of PM10 exposure by inhalation at point four has a value of RQ> 1, indicating that the exposure is not safe for the community along the Gunung Sarik road so it needs to be done control. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a single point of measurement with the concentration of PM10 in ambient air at Mount Sarik 0.152 µg / m3 passing the quality standard according to Government Regulation No. 41 of 2009, namely 150 µg / m3. The results of the risk analysis RQ> 1, meaning that the exposure is not safe for people who live along Jalan Gunung Sarik and as many as 43 respondents (86%) have symptoms of respiratory problems.