bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of medicanes with a minimal number of geopotential levels
Authors: de la Vara Alba , Gutiérrez‐Fernández Jesús , González‐Alemán Juan Jesús , Gaertner Miguel Á. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedicanes are tropical‐like cyclones that develop in the Mediterranean Sea. Due to their harmful potential, the study of medicanes has captured great attention from the scientific community. In the context of a changing climate, their future climatological characterization can only be achieved using climate model output. A frequently used method to characterize the thermal structure of medicanes is the cyclone phase space (CPS) described by Hart (2003). This requires geopotential data from 300 to 900 hPa every 50 hPa. However, in long, high‐resolution climate simulations, model output requires very high storage space and only data from a few geopotential levels are saved. To overcome the lack of geopotential data at some levels, available data are vertically interpolated to obtain data for the 13 levels required. In this work, we use high horizontal resolution data from the ERA‐5 reanalysis (1979–2018) to analyse the climatology of medicanes simulated using the 13 vertical levels required according to Hart (2003), as well as different combinations of geopotential data from a few selected levels. Our results allow us to propose, for the first time, a limited set of recommended geopotential levels required for an adequate climatological characterization of medicanes in the perspective of long climate change simulations, taking into account the associated limitations of output data storage.
Prospective evaluation of a novel enteral feeding guideline based on individual gastric emptying times: an improvement project in a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Knight Dawn E. , Larmour Kelly , Wellman Paul , Mulvey Nicki , Hopkins Julia , Tibby Shane M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOn a 20‐bed, mixed cardiac and general, UK pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), we aimed to determine if a physiologically based enteral feeding guideline for critically ill children, using feed frequency tailored to individual gastric emptying times, resulted in earlier establishment of full feeds (when 100% of fluid allowance (FA) available to be given as intravenous maintenance fluid or feed, defined as free FA [FFA], is given as enteral nutrition [EN]) and an increase in FFA given as EN.MethodsFour prospective audits (totaling 331 patients and 19,771 hours) were conducted at 1 year before guideline introduction and 1, 5, and 10 years after. Patient feeding data were collected from admission until day 4 or discharge, including reasons why feed was withheld.ResultsThe median time from admission to establishing full feeds decreased from 18 to 10 hours preguideline and postguideline and was sustained over 10 years. After adjustment for 5 confounders, this represented a reduction in the geometric mean time to full feeds of 30% (2009), 29% (2013), and 48% (2019) compared with 2007 (all P < .01). Nil‐per‐oral (NPO) hours were categorized as due to modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. Preguideline and postguideline NPO hours from modifiable factors decreased from 21 (2007) to 10 (2009) per 100 audit hours, which was sustained across 10 years (all P < .01). Conversely, NPO hours from nonmodifiable factors ranged from 27 to 36 per 100 audit hours throughout the audits, with no consistent trend over time. Similar inconsistency was shown in the proportion of FFA given as EN: 48% (2007), 71% (2009), 51% (2013), and 64% (2019). Continuous nasogastric and hourly bolus feeds decreased over time; they comprised 66% of feeds in 2007 but only 4%–11% in subsequent periods, being replaced with more 2–6 hour bolus, on‐demand, or continuous nasojejunal feeds.ConclusionThe guideline was associated with sustained reduction in the time to establishing full feeds and NPO hours due to modifiable factors and more or no less FFA being given as EN.
Impact of freeze‐drying conditions on the sensory perception of a freeze‐dried orange snack
Authors: Silva‐Espinoza Marilú Andrea , Salvador Ana , Camacho María del Mar , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health benefits provided by fruit mean that there is continuous interest in offering consumers new products to stimulate its consumption. To this end, dehydrated fruit snacks may be an interesting option. In this study, we evaluated the impact of freezing rate (slow and high), shelf temperature (40 and 50 °C), and working pressure (5 and 100 Pa) on the perception and acceptability of a freeze‐dried orange snack obtained from an orange puree.RESULTSOf the different freeze‐drying conditions studied, working pressure was the variable with the greatest effect. The lowest working pressure (5 Pa) led to samples being obtained with a slightly lower water content, which was perceived with higher citrus flavor and crispiest. The highest pressure (100 Pa) led to samples with a greater water content, perceived with a more yellow intense color. Nevertheless, there is no significant consumer preference for any of the different processed samples. The number of force peaks, which is positively correlated with the crispness, shows a significant and negative correlation (r = −0.91) with the water content of the sample.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that considerations other than the sensory can determine the best conditions of the freeze‐drying process with which to obtain an orange snack. The number of force peaks obtained from a penetration test may be proposed as a tool for instrumental analysis of the snack's crispness that supplies information closely resembling customer perception of this attribute. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline aluminum nanomaterials to enhance properties for green organic light‐emitting diode devices
Authors: Duan Liangfei , Yang Huiqin , Wang Guanghua , Duan Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTris(8‐hydroquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) plays an important role in the applications of green organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this paper, Alq3 nanofilms were prepared on glass substrates by physical vapor deposition system with different surface states. The structures and morphologies of Alq3 nanofilms were characterized by X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. Alq3 nanomaterials were used as the main luminescent material for green OLED devices. The structure of the green OLED is Mo/2‐TNATA (20 nm)/NPB (10 nm)/Alq3 (25 nm):Ir(ppy)3 (5%)/Bphen (10 nm)/LiF (5 nm)/Mg:Ag (10%) (10 nm). The photoelectric properties of green OLED devices were characterized by the system of Photo Research PR655 spectrometer. The results show that the weak interactions among Alq3 molecules such as π–π bond interactions and van der Waals forces caused molecules self‐assembling into nanospheres, nanospherical chains, nanowires, or nanotubes in physical vapor deposition system. Precise surface state control of Alq3 nanomaterials can be realized by controlling the deposition temperature, thus, to enhance properties for green OLED displays. It is found that among different morphologies, Alq3 nanotubes have been proved to be the best green OLED devices with the brightness of 11,490 cd/m2, CIE (3358, 0.6302) at 5 V, and the current efficiency is 20.24 cd/A.
Chemorheology and Kinetics of High‐Performance Polyurethane Binders Based on HMDI
Authors: Lucio Beatriz , de la Fuente José Luis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAliphatic diisocyanates, such as 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), are preferred curing agents for the formation of polyurethanes (PUs) in applications where resistance to abrasion or degradation by ultraviolet light takes precedence. Aside from the final properties, the curing agent plays a key role in the bulk manufacturing of such materials, and it mainly affects the polymerization kinetics and their rheology. The copolymerization of HMDI and a metallo‐prepolymer derivative from hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is studied under isothermal conditions (50–80 °C). This study is carried out by means of an indirect method, using both rotational viscometry and dynamic rheometry. At the beginning of the process, the viscosity growth fit well to a first‐order kinetic model. Afterward, the reactive system passes through gelation, from which only rheology is allowed for the investigation of the entire polymerization process. This transition is analyzed in depth together with predictions from percolation theory. The conversion degree is determined from rheological measurements, and then an autocatalytic kinetic model is applied to describe the overall process. Finally, an isoconversional method allows the evolution of activation energy to be studied. This analysis merits attention for the development of high‐performance binders that are of great interest in aerospace propulsion technology.
Training deep‐learning segmentation models from severely limited data
Authors: Zhao Yao , Rhee Dong Joo , Cardenas Carlos , Court Laurence E. , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo enable generation of high‐quality deep learning segmentation models from severely limited contoured cases (e.g., ~10 cases).MethodsThirty head and neck computed tomography (CT) scans with well‐defined contours were deformably registered to 200 CT scans of the same anatomic site without contours. Acquired deformation vector fields were used to train a principal component analysis (PCA) model for each of the 30 contoured CT scans by capturing the mean deformation and most prominent variations. Each PCA model can produce an infinite number of synthetic CT scans and corresponding contours by applying random deformations. We used 300, 600, 1000, and 2000 synthetic CT scans and contours generated from one PCA model to train V‐Net, a 3D convolutional neural network architecture, to segment parotid and submandibular glands. We repeated the training using same numbers of training cases generated from 7, 10, 20, and 30 PCA models, with the data distributed evenly between each PCA model. Performance of the segmentation models was evaluated with Dice similarity coefficients between auto‐generated contours and physician‐drawn contours on 162 test CT scans for parotid glands and another 21 test CT scans for submandibular glands.ResultsDice values varied with the number of synthetic CT scans and the number of PCA models used to train the network. By using 2000 synthetic CT scans generated from 10 PCA models, we achieved Dice values of 82.8% ± 6.8% for right parotid, 82.0% ± 6.9% for left parotid, and 74.2% ± 6.8% for submandibular glands. These results are comparable with those obtained from state‐of‐the‐art auto‐contouring approaches, including a deep learning network trained from more than 1000 contoured patients and a multi‐atlas algorithm from 12 well‐contoured atlases. Improvement was marginal when >10 PCA models or >2000 synthetic CT scans were used.ConclusionsWe demonstrated an effective data augmentation approach to train high‐quality deep learning segmentation models from a limited number of well‐contoured patient cases.
Bulk volume susceptibility difference between deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin for HbA and HbS: A comparative study
Authors: Eldeniz Cihat , Binkley Michael M. , Fields Melanie , Guilliams Kristin , Ragan Dustin K. , Chen Yasheng , Lee Jin‐Moo , Ford Andria L. , An Hongyu 
Published: January 2021

PurposeSickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that alters the morphology and the oxygen affinity of the red blood cells. Cerebral oxygen extraction fraction measurements using quantitative BOLD contrast have been used for assessing inadequate oxygen delivery and the subsequent risk of ischemic stroke in sickle cell anemia. The BOLD signal in MRI studies relies on , the bulk volume susceptibility difference between fully oxygenated and fully deoxygenated blood. Several studies have measured for normal hemoglobin A (HbA). However, it is not known whether the value is different for sickle hemoglobin. In this study, was measured for both HbA and sickle hemoglobin.MethodsSix sickle cell anemia patients and 6 controls were recruited. Various blood oxygenation levels were achieved through in vivo manipulations to keep the blood close to its natural state. To account for the differences in oxygen affinity, Hill’s equations were used to translate partial pressure of oxygen to oxygen saturation for HbA, sickle hemoglobin, and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) separately. The pH and PCO2 corrections were performed. Temperature and magnetic field drift were controlled for. A multivariate generalized linear mixed model with random participant effect was used.ResultsAssuming that is similar for HbA and HbF and that is 5/4 of for HbA, it was found that the values for HbA and sickle hemoglobin were not statistically significantly different from each other.ConclusionThe same value can be used for both types of hemoglobin in quantitative BOLD analysis.
Recent progress of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review
Authors: Anik Muzahidul I. , Hossain M. Khalid , Hossain Imran , Mahfuz A. M. U. B. , Rahman M. Tayebur , Ahmed Isteaque 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer tremendous potentialities in biomedical applications for a long while. Since these materials' interactions in biological media largely rely on their crystal structures, sizes, and shapes, detailed studies on their synthesis mechanism for medicinal aspects are crucial. Despite many review reports that have already been published on MNPs, they mainly have focused either on their perspective in biomedical applications or their synthesis and characterization along with functionalization mechanisms as individual entities. For this reason, this review uncovers a comprehensive insight into the ongoing improvement of fabrication processes, surface functionalization of MNPs for biomedical applications together. Besides, various magnetic nanocomposite (MNCs) for smart drug delivery, recent hyperthermia treatment, lab‐on‐a‐chip, and magnetic bio‐separation, and some of the recent emerging imaging techniques using MNPs are discussed. A detailed analysis of toxicity, challenges, and recent progress of clinical trials of MNPs is sketched out to open numerous entryways for advanced research on MNPs for biomedical applications.
Controller placement problem in software‐defined networking: A survey
Authors: Kumari Abha , Sairam Ashok Singh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA distinctive feature of software‐defined networking (SDN) is a logically centralized control plane realized using multiple physical controllers. The placement of the controllers, the so‐called controller placement problem (CPP), is a crucial design issue. It influences network performance parameters such as latency, flow setup time, network availability, load balance of the controllers, and energy consumption. In this article, we illustrate the formulation of these CPP objectives. We categorize the CPP design solutions as either static or adaptive. In adaptive CPP, the solutions proposed dynamically adapt to the number of controllers required and the switch to controller mapping to varying network traffic. We further differentiate adaptive CPP as wired or wireless. The optimization strategies adopted by the papers are analyzed and grouped into five categories: exact, heuristic, meta‐heuristic, clustering, and game theory. The merits and demerits of each approach are discussed. In conclusion, we outline the research challenges worth investigating.
Developing a nursing diagnosis for the risk for malnutrition: a mixed‐method study
Authors: Brunner Silvia , Mayer Hanna , Breidert Matthias , Dietrich Michael , Müller‐Staub Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimAs the risk for malnutrition in older people in hospitals is often underreported, we aimed to develop a risk nursing diagnosis, including label, definition and risk factors.DesignA convergent parallel mixed‐methods design was employed.MethodsA literature review led to risk factors, validated by 22 hospitalized older people's perspectives and observations, including their nursing records. Per participant, one interview (qualitative), one non‐participatory observation of three meals (198 hr; qualitative) and one nursing record evaluation (quantitative) were conducted.FindingsAccording to the classification system of NANDA International, the risk for protein–energy malnutrition is defined with 18 risk factors, including associated conditions. Content validated risk factors are presented from three participants with the most, medium and least coherent nursing record, measured with the Quality of Diagnosis, Intervention and Outcomes tool.ConclusionThis new nursing diagnosis supports nurses to manage the risk for malnutrition and optimize older people's nutrition.
New discussion on approximate controllability results for fractional Sobolev type Volterra‐Fredholm integro‐differential systems of order 1 < r < 2
Authors: Vijayakumar V. , Ravichandran Chokkalingam , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Kucche Kishor D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn our article, we are primarily concentrating on approximate controllability results for fractional Sobolev type Volterra‐Fredholm integro‐differential inclusions of order 1 < r < 2. By applying the results and ideas belongs to the cosine function of operators, fractional calculus and fixed point approach, the main results are established. Initially, we establish the approximate controllability of the considered fractional system, then continue to examine the system with the concept of nonlocal conditions. In the end, we present an example to demonstrate the theory.
Short Radiative Lifetime and Non‐Triplet Sensitization in Near‐Infrared‐Luminescent Yb(III) Complex with Tripodal Schiff Base
Authors: Masuya‐Suzuki Atsuko , Goto Satoshi , Kambe Takafumi , Karashimada Ryunosuke , Kubota Yasuhiro , Iki Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe prepared Ln(III) (Ln=Eu, Gd, and Yb) complexes with a tripodal Schiff base, tris[2‐(5‐methylsalicylideneimino)ethyl]amine (H3L) and studied their photophysical properties. Upon ligand excitation, YbL showed Yb(III)‐centered luminescence in the near‐infrared region. While the overall quantum yield (0.60(1)%) of YbL in acetonitrile was moderate among the reported values for Yb(III) complexes, its radiative lifetime (0.33(2) ms) was significantly shorter than those reported previously. We propose that the ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer (LMCT) state mediated the sensitization in YbL. The emission and excitation spectra of EuL indicated the participation of the LMCT state in the sensitization. The radiative lifetime (0.84(7) ms) for EuL in the solid state was rather short compared to those of reported Eu(III) complexes. Our results show that the Yb(III) complex with the Schiff base ligand has two features: the short radiative lifetime and the non‐triplet sensitization path.
Risk Factors for the Development of Shoulder Pain in Elite Sled Hockey Players
Authors: Spangenberg Jacqueline , Nussbaum Ryan , Chen Liqi , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundShoulder pain is one of the most common injuries in adaptive athletes. There are minimal prior studies that investigate shoulder pain prevalence and associated risk factors in sled hockey players.ObjectiveTo characterize the prevalence of shoulder pain in elite‐level adaptive sled hockey athletes and identify associated risk factors.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.Setting2019 USA Sled Hockey Classic in Chicago, IL from 7 February 2019 to 10 February 2019.ParticipantsEighty‐two elite sled hockey athletes who participated in a nationally sanctioned sports event.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome of the study was to describe the experience of shoulder pain using player‐reported outcomes of pain including: binary (yes/no) pain reporting in the last month, Performance‐Corrected Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (PC‐WUSPI) reporting pain in the last week, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) reporting pain in the last month. Associations were assessed between the measurements of pain and characteristics of participants.ResultsOf all participants, 70.5% endorsed shoulder pain in the last month. The average VAS for the past month was 2.13 and average PC‐WUSPI for the past week was 15.46. Statistically significant associations were found between endorsement of pain in the last month and specific correlative factors including increased weight (P value .008; odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01‐1.07) and increased duration of manual wheelchair use (P‐value .002; OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04‐1.22).ConclusionElite‐level sled hockey athletes commonly report experiencing shoulder pain. There is evidence that an elite‐level sled hockey player's weight and longer duration of manual wheelchair use are both associated with a greater likelihood for self‐reporting shoulder pain rather than number of years of playing the sport.
Hamiltonian‐driven adaptive dynamic programming for mixedH2/H∞performance using sum‐of‐squares
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Mazouchi Majid , Modares Hamidreza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, the mixedH2/H∞performance optimization is first formulated as a nonzero‐sum game, of which the sufficient condition guaranteeing the existence of the Nash equilibrium is derived using the Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) theory. Then, Hamiltonian‐driven inequalities are presented to evaluate theH2andH∞performances. Using this Hamiltonian‐inequality driven approach, the coupled HJ equations arising from finding the Nash equilibrium are relaxed to the HJ inequality constraints. A novel mixed policy iteration (PI) algorithm is developed that uses sum‐of‐squares (SOS) program in policy evaluation step, and consists of anH2performance improvement step and anH∞performance guarantee step. This constrained‐driven approach allows us to present a PI algorithm that takes into account both robustness and performance objectives. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out to highlight the efficacy of the proposed framework.
Adaptive optimization algorithm for nonlinear Markov jump systems with partial unknown dynamics
Authors: Fang Haiyang , Zhu Guozheng , Stojanovic Vladimir , Nie Rong , He Shuping , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn online adaptive optimal control problem for a class of nonlinear Markov jump systems (MJSs) is studied. It is worth noting that the dynamic information of MJSs is partially unknown. Applying the neural network linear differential inclusion techniques, the nonlinear terms in MJSs are approximately converted to linear forms. By using subsystem transformation schemes, we can transfer the nonlinear MJSs to N new coupled linear subsystems. Then a new online policy iteration algorithm is put forward to obtain the adaptive optimal controller. Some theorems are given afterward to ensure the convergence of the new algorithm. At last, a simulation example is provided to verify the applicability of the algorithm.
Surface Modification of Cobalt‐Manganese Mixed Oxide and Its Application for Low‐Temperature Propane Catalytic Combustion
Authors: Liu Yihao , Zhao Peng , Sun Liang , Feng Nengjie , Wang Lei , Wan Hui , Guan Guofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Co−Mn mixed metal oxide was firstly fabricated using Co(NO3)2, KMnO4 and K2CO3. The tuned catalysts, donated as xM‐Co3Mn1 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1), were synthesized by selective dissolve method (SD). The physicochemical properties induced by different acid concentrations on catalysts were explored via a series of characterization techniques. Compared with the original material, the catalysts treated by SD had higher advantages in enriching crystal defects, surface Co2+ and adsorbed oxygen species as well as increasing the specific surface areas (SSA). Among acid‐treated catalysts, 0.05 M‐Co3Mn1 exhibited the best catalytic activity, while the T50 and T90 were 71 and 117 °C lower than the original one. Meanwhile, 0.05 M‐Co3Mn1 showed excellent stability and great regeneration ability.