bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of hydroxychloroquine in dermatology: A multicenter retrospective study in Korea
Authors: Lim Jae Woo , Lee June Hyunkyung , Kim Hee Joo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the expanding clinical application of hydroxychloroquine in dermatology, the overall data on hydroxychloroquine use among dermatologists are limited. With retrospective review of the medical records of the 790 patients who were prescribed hydroxychloroquine, we classified the diagnoses into 12 disease categories, the lupus erythematosus group being the largest. The lupus erythematosus group had the longest prescription duration (median, 6.2 months), whereas the photodermatitis group had a significantly shorter prescription duration (median, 0.5 months). The overall good response rate was 77.1%. The photodermatitis group had the best response (88.7%), followed by the lupus panniculitis (85.1%) and lichen planus (84.4%). In conclusion, hydroxychloroquine has proven utility for various inflammatory skin diseases, including but not limited to cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Le développement financier affecte‐t‐il l'inégalité de revenus en Afrique subsaharienne?
Authors: Fankem Gislain Stéphane Gandjon , Melingui Marthe Dorelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractL'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'effet du développement financier sur l'inégalité de revenus pour 27 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. A cette fin, la méthodologie utilisée repose sur un modèle économétrique spécifié en panel dynamique et estimé par la méthode des moments généralisés en système. Sur la période 2000‐2015, les résultats indiquent que le développement financier réduit l'inégalité de revenus en Afrique Subsaharienne. En outre, ils rejettent l'hypothèse d'une courbe financière de Kuznets. Ces résultats, qui sont robustes au type de mesure de développement financier et à la méthode d'estimation, invitent les décideurs politiques à davantage développer le système financier en vue de diminuer efficacement l'inégalité de revenus en Afrique subsaharienne.
Comparison of methods to develop fingerprints on papers impregnated with AB‐PINACA and AB‐FUBINACA
Authors: Gulekci Yakup , Efeoglu Ozseker Pınar , Cavus Yonar Fatma , Daglioglu Nebile 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough there have been significant advances in fingerprinting techniques, studies on how these techniques affect other criminal evidence are limited. Synthetic cannabinoids (SC), which are illegal substances frequently encountered in crime scenes and are widely used worldwide, are available in various forms in the market (pill, powder, liquid, and herbal product). These synthetic cannabinoid substances have recently been introduced to places such as prisons and rehabilitation centers, primarily via an infused piece of paper. The first seizure of the paper‐impregnated form of AB‐PINACA and AB‐FUBINACA in Turkey was observed in 2014. This study investigates the effects of fingerprint development methods on the concentrations of these SCs impregnated on paper. Therefore, eccrine and sebaceous fingerprints of volunteers were imprinted on the papers before and after they were impregnated with AB‐PINACA and AB‐FUBINACA. Six different fingerprint development methods were applied. Fingerprint development methods were later checked in 384 fingerprints. AB‐PINACA and AB‐FUBINACA infused on papers were extracted by the liquid−extraction method, and concentrations were analyzed via LC‐MS/MS. After applying Thermanin, 1,2‐indandione, iodine vapor, DFO, and 5‐MTN fingerprint development methods, the concentration levels of AB‐FUBINACA were 26.25, 19.60, 21.43, 17.76, and 17.77 ng/cm2, while the concentration levels of AB‐PINACA were 1.1, 0.98, 1.31, 1.28, and 1.22 ng/cm2, respectively. Finally, although the best fingerprint visualization was obtained on papers that were applied the Ninhydrin method, the method failed to detect SCs on papers.
Novel transaminases from thermophiles: from discovery to application
Authors: Cárdenas‐Fernández Max , Sinclair Oliver , Ward John M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTransaminases (TAs) are promising biocatalysts for chiral amine synthesis; however, only few thermophilic TAs have been described to date. In this work, a genome mining approach was taken to seek novel TAs from nine thermophilic microorganisms. TA sequences were identified from their respective genome sequences and their Pfam were predicted confirming that TAs class I–II are the most abundant (50%), followed by class III (26%), V (16%), IV (8%) and VI (1%). The percentage of open reading frames (ORFs) that are TAs ranges from 0.689% in Thermococcus litoralis to 0.424% in Sulfolobus solfataricus. A total of 94 putative TAs were successfully cloned and expressed into E. coli, showing mostly good expression levels when using a chemical chaperone media containing d‐sorbitol. Kinetic and end‐point colorimetric assays with different amino donors–acceptors confirmed TAs activity allowing for initial exploration of the substrate scope. Stereoselective and non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs were selected for the synthesis of hydroxypyruvate (HPA). Low HPA reaction yields were observed with four non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs, whilst two stereoselective serine‐TAs showed significantly higher yields. Coupling serine‐TA reactions to a transketolase to yield l‐erythrulose (Ery) substantially increased serine conversion into HPA. Combining both stereoselective serine‐TAs and transketolase using the inexpensive racemic D/L‐serine led to high Ery yield (82%). Thermal characterization of stereoselective serine‐TAs confirmed they have excellent thermostability up to 60°C and high optimum temperatures.
Reevaluation of the effect of dietary restriction on different recombinant inbred lines of male and female mice
Authors: Unnikrishnan Archana , Matyi Stephanie , Garrett Karla , Ranjo‐Bishop Michelle , Allison David B. , Ejima Keisuke , Chen Xiwei , Dickinson Stephanie , Richardson Arlan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDietary restriction (DR) was reported to either have no effect or reduce the lifespan of the majority of the 41‐recombinant inbred (RI) lines studied by Liao et al. (Aging Cell, 2010, 9, 92). In an appropriately power longevity study (n > 30 mice/group), we measured the lifespan of the four RI lines (115‐RI, 97‐RI, 98‐RI, and 107‐RI) that were reported to have the greatest decrease in lifespan when fed 40% DR. DR increased the median lifespan of female RI‐115, 97‐RI, and 107‐RI mice and male 115‐RI mice. DR had little effect (<4%) on the median lifespan of female and male 98‐RI mice and male 97‐RI mice and reduced the lifespan of male 107‐RI mice over 20%. While our study was unable to replicate the effect of DR on the lifespan of the RI mice (except male 107‐RI mice) reported by Liao et al. (Aging Cell, 2010, 9, 92), we found that the genotype of a mouse had a major impact on the effect of DR on lifespan, with the effect of DR ranging from a 50% increase to a 22% decrease in median lifespan. No correlation was observed between the changes in either body composition or glucose tolerance induced by DR and the changes observed in lifespan of the four RI lines of male and female mice. These four RI lines of mice give the research community a unique resource where investigators for the first time can study the anti‐aging mechanism of DR by comparing mice in which DR increases lifespan to mice where DR has either no effect or reduces lifespan.
Legacies of forest harvesting on plant diversity and plant community composition in temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Roy Marie‐Ève , Surget‐Groba Yann , Rivest David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo conserve forest natural heritage, sustainable forest harvesting requires the recovery of plant diversity and ecosystem functions following management. There is a need to clarify the temporal dynamics of plant diversity following harvesting, for both even‐aged and uneven‐aged silvicultural systems. To achieve this goal, the temporal dynamics of plant diversity in the herb layer were measured in unmanaged forests (control) and along a chronosequence (<5 years, 15 years and 30 years after harvesting) for even‐aged and uneven‐aged managed forests.LocationHardwood forest of southern Quebec, Canada.MethodsPlant diversity, plant community composition and ecosystem functioning were investigated using metrics exploring richness, evenness and disparity diversity components, and included two scales of diversity partitioning (alpha and beta). Shrub–canopy layer, forest tree species composition and structure, and total forest basal area were also measured.ResultsIn both uneven‐aged and even‐aged managed forest stands, we found: (a) a substantial decrease in mean plant phylogenetic diversity compared with unmanaged forest, even 30 years after harvesting (i.e., decrease of 16% and 22%, respectively); and (b) lowest plant alpha‐diversity in the herb layer 15 years after harvesting. Modification of community composition based upon dissimilarity (beta‐diversity) metrics demonstrated more numerous effects of even‐aged management than uneven‐aged management. For forest composition and structure, plant community and plant traits, dissimilarity relative to the unmanaged control was highest 5 years after even‐aged management. Trait‐based communities were more similar to unmanaged forest at the intermediate levels of forest density (i.e., ~20 m2/ha) that were found 5 years after uneven‐aged management.ConclusionsForest management clearly affected diversity, community composition and ecosystem functions along the chronosequence, highlighting the strongest effects of more intensive management (i.e., even‐aged) and the need to improve the sustainability of forest management.
SNHG17, as an EMT‐related lncRNA, promotes the expression of c‐Myc by binding to c‐Jun in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shen Supeng , Liang Jia , Liang Xiaoliang , Wang Gaoyan , Feng Bo , Guo Wei , Guo Yanli , Dong Zhiming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDysregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG17 is associated with the occurrence of several tumors; however, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains obscure. The present study demonstrated that SNHG17 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines, induced by TGF‐β1, and associated with poor survival. It is also involved in the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The mechanism underlying SNHG17‐regulated c‐Myc was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. SNHG17 was found to directly regulate c‐Myc transcription by binding to c‐Jun protein and recruiting the complex to specific sequences of the c‐Myc promoter region, thereby increasing its expression. Moreover, SNHG17 hyperactivation induced by TGF‐β1 results in PI3K/AKT pathway activation, promoting cells EMT, forming a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, SNHG17 facilitated ESCC tumor growth in vivo. Overall, this study demonstrated that the SNHG17/c‐Jun/c‐Myc axis aggravates ESCC progression and EMT induction by TGF‐β1 and may serve as a new therapeutic target for ESCC.
Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abdalla Mohammed A. , Shah Najeeb , Deshmukh Harshal , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Östlundh Linda , Al‐Rifai Rami H. , Atkin Stephen L. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by insulin resistance and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The objective was to review the literature on the effect of different pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with PCOS.DesignWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library and the Web of Science in April 2020 and updated in March 2021. The study follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐ana. Reviwers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsIn 58 randomized controlled trials there were significant reductions in the fasting blood glucose (FBG) with metformin versus placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.40, −0.06; I² = 0%, low‐grade evidence), and acarbose versus metformin (mean difference [MD]: −10.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: −15.76, −5.24; I² = 0%, low‐grade evidence). Significant reductions in fasting insulin (FI) with pioglitazone versus placebo (SMD: −0.55; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.07; I² = 37%; p = .02, very‐low‐grade evidence). A significant reduction in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was seen with exenatide versus metformin (MD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.03; I² = 0%, low‐grade evidence). No effect on homoeostatic model assessment of beta cells (HOMA‐B) was observed.ConclusionsPharmacological interventions, including metformin, acarbose, pioglitazone and exenatide have significant effects on FBG, FI, HOMA‐IR but not on HOMA‐B.
Genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation amongMicrohyla fissipespopulations: Implications for conservation
Authors: Jin Long , Liao Wen Bo , Merilä Juha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAmphibians require both terrestrial and aquatic environments to complete their life cycles. Thus, they are subject to complex selection pressures stemming from different environments, and these selection pressures are likely to vary geographically with variation in temperature and precipitation. Studies of genetic differentiation along geographical clines allow identification of footprints of these selection pressures.LocationChina.MethodsTo identify possible signatures of local adaptation to particular environmental conditions, we conducted a genome‐scan with 20,572 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained with restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing of pooled samples from 10Microhyla fissipespopulations spanning a 1,398 km long latitudinal gradient in China.ResultsThe results revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST=0.090). Numerous outlier SNPs associated with variation in both annual average temperature (n = 69) and precipitation (n = 248) were detected.Main conclusionsThe degree and pattern of population differentiation in the SNPs supported the hypothesis that these SNPs have been subject to directional natural selection associated with temperature and precipitation and, hence, are reflective of geographically varying local adaptation. Hence, conservation and management plans forMicrohyla fissipesshould take into account this heterogeneity in genetic constitution in its populations.
Challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling of terrestrial arthropod predators
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Pétillon Julien , Hacala Axel , Monsimet Jérémy , Marti Sapho‐Lou , Cardoso Pedro , Lafage Denis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) have emerged as essential tools in the equipment of many ecologists, useful to explore species distributions in space and time and answering an assortment of questions related to biogeography, climate change biology and conservation biology. Historically, most SDM research concentrated on well‐known organisms, especially vertebrates. In recent years, these tools are becoming increasingly important for predicting the distribution of understudied invertebrate taxa. Here, we reviewed the literature published on main terrestrial arthropod predators (ants, ground beetles and spiders) to explore some of the challenges and opportunities of species distribution modelling in mega‐diverse arthropod groups.LocationGlobal.MethodsSystematic mapping of the literature and bibliometric analysis.ResultsMost SDM studies of animals to date have focused either on broad samples of vertebrates or on arthropod species that are charismatic (e.g. butterflies) or economically important (e.g. vectors of disease, crop pests and pollinators). We show that the use of SDMs to map the geography of terrestrial arthropod predators is a nascent phenomenon, with a near‐exponential growth in the number of studies over the past ten years and still limited collaborative networks among researchers. There is a bias in studies towards charismatic species and geographical areas that hold lower levels of diversity but greater availability of data, such as Europe and North America.ConclusionsArthropods pose particular modelling challenges that add to the ones already present for vertebrates, but they should also offer opportunities for future SDM research as data and new methods are made available. To overcome data limitations, we illustrate the potential of modern data sources and new modelling approaches. We discuss areas of research where SDMs may be combined with dispersal models and increasingly available phylogenetic and functional data to understand evolutionary changes in ranges and range‐limiting traits over past and contemporary time‐scales.
Endoscopy‐guided transesophageal echocardiography for large esophageal varices: Use of the “Double Barrel” technique
Authors: Rhee David W. , Nayar Ambika C. , Yan Joe L. , Gausman Valerie , Park David S. , Vareedayah Ashley A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRhythm control strategies in patients with esophageal varices and atrial arrhythmias pose a unique challenge. The left atrium should be imaged for a thrombus prior to attempting cardioversion or ablation, but the presence of varices is a relative contraindication for transesophageal echocardiography. We present a safe, novel technique of evaluating for left atrial thrombus with simultaneous transesophageal echocardiography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy using slim probes in a patient with large, high‐risk esophageal varices, and symptomatic atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rates despite medical therapy.
Endosymbionts mediate the effects of antibiotic exposure in the tramp ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
Authors: Ün Çiğdem , Hacker Julia , Heinze Jürgen , Oettler Jan , Schultner Eva 
Published: October 2021

1. Bacterial endosymbionts play a fundamental role in insect ecology. Ants host a large diversity of bacterial symbionts, but comparably little is known about how the loss or reduction of symbionts affects ant fitness.2. We investigated the effects of the rifampicin, a commonly used antibiotic, on colonies from several populations of the globally distributed tramp ant Cardiocondyla obscurior, which differ in their endosymbiont communities.3. We found that rifampicin treatment negatively affected queen fecundity and colony productivity, even when there was a delay of 3 months between treatment and productivity assessment. In addition, the viability of sperm from males produced in rifampicin‐treated colonies was significantly reduced, pointing towards a trans‐generational effect of antibiotics on male ant fitness. As expected, rifampicin treatment also led to a significant decrease in the titres of Candidatus Westeberhardia cardiocondylae and Wolbachia sp., the main bacterial endosymbionts of this ant.4. The negative effects of antibiotic exposure on ant and symbiont fitness were modulated by the presence and strain of symbiotic bacteria, revealing a complex relationship between the microbiome and ant fitness.
Pomalidomide plus dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Final results of the non‐interventional study POSEIDON and comparison with the pivotal phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Dechow Tobias , Aldaoud Ali , Behlendorf Timo , Knauf Wolfgang , Eschenburg Henning , Groschek Matthias , Hansen Richard , Söling Ulrike , Grebhardt Sina , Siebenbach Hans Ulrich , Vannier Corinne , Potthoff Karin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have relapsed on or become refractory to immunomodulators and bortezomib is poor, and treatment options are limited. While pomalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (POM/DEX) has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, real‐world evidence is scarce.Patients and MethodsPOSEIDON was a prospective non‐interventional study designed to evaluate effectiveness, safety and quality of life (QoL) of POM/DEX in patients with relapsed or refractory MM (R/RMM) pretreated with at least two prior therapy lines including both lenalidomide and bortezomib in real world in Germany. Patients received POM/DEX according to physicians’ choice. Data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2017, 151 patients were enrolled, 144 patients with a median of three prior therapy lines qualified for effectiveness analysis. Median age was 73.2 years. Median progression‐free and overall survival were 6.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2, 8.6] and 12.9 months [95% CI 10.6, 15.1]. Most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events were leukopenia (8.2%), pneumonia (7.5%) and anemia (5.5%). QoL was maintained after start of POM/DEX.ConclusionThe results of POSEIDON support the effectiveness and safety of POM/DEX in R/RMM patients pretreated with lenalidomide and bortezomib and highlight the clinical value of the POM/DEX regimen in the real‐world setting.Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02075996).
How to build a game for empirical bioethics research: The case of ‘Tracing Tomorrow’
Authors: Lyreskog David M. , Pavarini Gabriela , Lorimer Jessica , Jacobs Edward , Bennett Vanessa , Singh Ilina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that the field of empirical bioethics requires methodological innovations that can keep up with the scale and pace of contemporary research in health and medicine. With that in mind, we have recently argued for Design Bioethics—the use of purpose‐built, engineered research tools that allow researchers to investigate moral decision‐making in ways that are embodied and contextualized. In this paper, we outline the development, testing and implementation of a novel prototype tool in the Design Bioethics Workshop—with each step illustrated with collected data. Titled ‘Tracing Tomorrow’ (www.tracingtomorrow.org), the tool is a narrative game to investigate young people's values and preferences in the context of digital phenotyping for mental health. The process involved (1) Working with young people to discover, validate and define the morally relevant cases or problems, (2) Building and testing the game concept in collaboration with relevant groups and game developers, (3) Developing prototypes that were tested and iterated in partnership with groups of young people and game developers and (4) Disseminating the game to young people to collect data to investigate research questions. We argue that Design Bioethics yields tools that are relevant, representative and meaningful to target populations and provide improved data for bioethics analysis.Patient or Public ContributionIn planning and conducting this study, we consulted with young people from a diverse range of backgrounds, including the NeurOX Young People's Advisory Group, the What Lies Ahead Junior Researchers Team, Censuswide youth participants and young people from the Livity Youth Network.
Diving into the mechanism of action of tumor immunotherapies with intravital imaging*
Authors: Bousso Philippe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe clinical successes and tremendous hopes raised by tumor immunotherapies such as tumor‐targeting monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockers, or CAR T cells demand that we better understand how these treatments precisely act in the patient body. Such a detailed knowledge is indeed essential to optimize therapeutical efficacy and maximize the number of cancer patients that could benefit from these therapies. This review aims to illustrate that intravital two‐photon imaging is providing unique insights into the mode of action of tumor immunotherapies and is helping identify their critical bottlenecks in vivo. Moreover, this article discusses how spatiotemporal observations of immune cells, tumor subclones, and cytokine dynamics in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the emergence of new concepts in anti‐tumor immune responses.