bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Baicalin on the ATP Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex in Mice Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Authors: Lu Shuai-fei , Jin Xiao-hui , Zhu Lei-lei , Shen Ji-duo , Bai Ming , Li Yu-cheng , Xu Er-ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Depression is gradually becoming a primary mental disease threatening human health. It is urgent to clarify the pathogenesis of depression and find new effective natural antidepressants. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of baicalin and explore its potential mechanism in a mice model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Following a 6-weeks CUMS exposure, the CUMS mice were treated with baicalin (10 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks by oral gavage. The sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed to evaluate the depression-like behaviors, and the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the prefrontal cortex were detected. Moreover, the gene expression and enzyme activities related to the production of ATP and mitochondrial function were detected. The results indicated that the depression-like behaviors of mice induced by CUMS were improved by baicalin and fluoxetine. In addition, baicalin significantly increased the ATP content, the mRNA expression of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha (PDHα), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1alpha (PGC1α), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, baicalin also increased the activity of respiratory chain complex I, V, and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In conclusion, the present results suggested that the antidepressant effect of baicalin may be partly mediated by accelerating the process of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and improving the mitochondrial function to enhance the ATP level in the brain.
Evaluation of Seaweed Sulfated Polysaccharides As Natural Antagonists Targeting Salmonella typhi OmpF: Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Profiling
Authors: MALAISAMY ARUN KUMAR , Murugan Mahalakshmi , Vairamuthu Ashok Kumar , Aravind Manikka Kubendran , Gunaseelan Sathaiah , Mohankumar Verma , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem , Perumal Varalakshmi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, and pathogenic bacteria that transmit through unhygienic conditions. It is estimated that 21 million new infections arise every year, resulting in approximately 200,000 deaths. It is more prevalent among children, the old aged, and immunocompromised individuals. The frequent usage of classical antimicrobials has begun the increasing emergence of various drug-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. Hence, this study was intended to evaluate the bioactive seaweed sulfated polysaccharides (SSP) against the ompF (outer membrane porin F) protein target of Salmonella typhi. SSP are sulfated compounds with a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-microbial, anti-allergy, anti-cancer, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral. Results: In this study, eleven compounds were targeted against S. typhi OmpF by molecular docking approach and were compared with two commercially available typhoid medications. The SSP showed good binding affinity compared to commercial drugs, particularly carrageenan/MIV-150, carrageenan lambda, fucoidan, and 3-Phenyllactate, ranked as top antagonists against OmpF. Further, pharmacokinetics and toxicology (ADMET) studies corroborated that SSP possessed drug-likeness and highly progressed in all parameters.Conclusion: AutoDockTools and Schrodinger's QikProp module results suggest that SSP could be a promising drug for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. typhi. To our best of knowledge, this is the first report on in-silico analysis of SSP against S. typhi OmpF. Thus, implying the capabilities of SSP's especially compounds like carrageenans, as a potential anti-microbial agent against Salmonella typhi infections. Eventually, advanced studies could corroborate SSPs to the next level of application in the crisis of XDR microbial diseases.
Increased Connectivity of Thalamocortical Tract/Occipital Cortex Concurrent with Recovery of Impaired Consciousness in a Stroke Patient: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study: A Case Report
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kim Jae Woon , Lee Sung Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Little has been reported about the role of the occipital cortex in the recovery from impaired consciousness. In this case report, we report on a stroke patient who showed increased connectivity of the thalamocortical tract (TCT), including the occipital cortex, on follow-up diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) that was concurrent with recovery of impaired consciousness. Case presentation: A 64-year-old male patient underwent craniectomy and hematoma removal for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the left fronto-parieto-temporal lobes and extraventricular catheterization for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). When he started rehabilitation eight weeks after onset, he was in a minimally conscious state with a Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score of 14. On 8-week DTT, decreased connectivity of the TCT between the thalamic intralaminar nuclei and the cerebral cortex was observed in both medial prefrontal cortices (mPFCs), the occipital cortex, and the left parietal cortex. By contrast, on 12-week DTT, TCT connectivity had increased to include both medial prefrontal cortices and the right occipital cortex. Conclusion: Increased neural connectivity of the TCT to the mPFC and the occipital cortex, as shown by DTT, contributed to the recovery of impaired consciousness in a stroke patient. The results suggest that increased neural connectivity to the occipital cortex might contribute to the recovery of impaired consciousness in stroke patients.
Determinants of Electricity Production from Renewable Source Excluding Hydroelectricity in Selected East African Countries: Panel ARDL Approach
Authors: asratie teshager 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Though east Africa has ample resource endowments for electricity production, the region has the lowest performance in generating electricity and millions of people are living without access to electricity. To fill the electricity gap countries used fossil fuels as the major source of energy, but electricity production from renewable resource is lower. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinant factors of electricity production from renewable resources excluding hydropower sources. Panel data for five east African countries for the period 1998 to 2019 was used and it was examined by pooled mean group panel ARDL estimation technique. The estimation result revealed that that in both long and short run GDP per capita growth, population growth, energy consumption per capita and energy import have positive significant effect on electricity production from renewable resources other than hydropower. While political instability, electricity production from hydropower, and electricity production from oil, gas, and coal have negative significant effect. However in the short run energy use and resource rent percentage of GDP have positive and negative significant effect respectively, but in the long run the two variables have no significant effect. Error correction coefficient is negative 0.64, which indicates that deviation from long run disequilibrium adjusts toward equilibrium at a rate of 64% per year. Based on the result this study recommends that the government should improve the performance of GDP growth by quality education, lower lending interest rate, improving political stability through controlling internal conflicts caused by difference in religion and ethnicity, improving energy security.
A CT-Based Radiomics Nomogram To Predict The Biological Activity of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Tieliang , Jiang Yi , Zhao Yafei , Xu Wenyao , Xia Yuwei , Liu Wenya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to establish a computed tomography (CT) - based radiomics nomogram to predict the biological activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodsA total of 174 HAE patients (139 for training, 35 for test) were enrolled whose CT and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations were performed before surgery, and the biological activity was evaluated according to the PET/CT. Radiomic features were extracted from CT images, based on which radiomic scores (Rad-score) were calculated with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. Three radiomics models (K-Nearest Neighbors, Logical regression, and Multilayer Perceptron), including only radiomic features and a radiomics nomogram, comprised of demographics, clinical indexes, and radiomic features were constructed respectively to predict the biological activity of HAE. The model performance was evaluated by area under curve (AUC), decision curve, and calibration curve.Results30 features in total were selected as optimal radiomic features and considered as input to calculate the Rad-score. There were no significant differences in the predictive efficacy between the combined models and the radiomics models from the perspective of the decision curve. The radiomics models was unparalleled, with an AUC of 0.952 (95%CI=0.902~0.981, P<0.0001) and 0.800 (95%CI=0.631~0.916, P<0.0020) in the training and testing cohort, respectively.ConclusionThe radiomics nomogram model showed great potential in identifying HAE biological activity.
Patient Perspectives on Symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Treatment Experience Associated with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nathwani Nitya , Bell Jill , Cherepanov Dasha , Sowell France Ginchereau , Shah Rachel , McCarrier Kelly P. , Hari Parameswaran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to better understand the patient perspective on relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) treatment.Methods: This non-interventional, cross-sectional study enrolled adult RRMM patients from 6 US clinics who had ≥3 months of life expectancy, ≤6 prior lines of therapy, and ≥1 treatment regimen with a proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulator, or a CD38 monoclonal antibody or an alkylating agent, and a steroid. In-person semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to capture concepts that were relevant and important to patients. Topics included RRMM symptoms and impacts and the mode of administration, frequency, duration, convenience, side effects, and overall experience with RRMM treatment.Results: Twenty-two patients completed interviews. At enrollment, 59.1% of participants were using regimens containing dexamethasone, 36.4% daratumumab, 27.3% carfilzomib, and 18.2% lenalidomide. More participants had experience using intravenous or injectable therapy alone (40.9%) than oral therapy alone (18.2%). Back pain and fatigue were the most frequently reported symptoms (40.9% each); 27.3% reported no symptoms. Most participants reported physical function limitations (86.4%), emotional impacts (77.3%), MM-related activity limitations (72.7%), and sleep disturbances (63.6%). Most participants perceived treatment effectiveness based on physician-explained clinical signs (68.2%) and symptom relief (40.9%). Participants experienced gastrointestinal side effects (59.1%), fatigue (59.1%), sleep disturbances (31.8%), and allergic reactions (31.8%) with treatment. Key elements of treatment burden included the duration of a typical treatment day (68.2%), treatment interfering with daily activities (54.5%), and infusion duration (50.0%).Conclusions: These results provide treatment experience–related data to further understand RRMM treatment burden and better inform treatment decision-making.
The Combination of Bacillus Subtilis wt55 with AiiO-AIO6 Improve the Resistance of Zebrafish to Aeromonas Veronii Infection by Simple Collocation Rather Than B. Subtilis Quorum-Quenching Recombinant Expression Strain
Authors: Yao Yuan-Yuan , Xia Rui , Yang Ya-Lin , Gao Chen-Chen , Zhang Feng-Li , Hu Juan , Hao Qiang , Ran Chao , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Disease problems will seriously restrict the sustainable development of aquaculture, and the environmental-friendly prevention strategies are urgently needed. Probiotics and quorum-quenching enzyme are innovative strategies to control bacterial diseases. Firstly, the bacteriostatic activity of B. subtilis wt55 strain and quenching enzyme AiiO-AIO6 on the growth of A. veronii were tested in vitro, and the results showed that this two had different effects on A. veronii: wt55 inhibit the growth of A. veronii, but AiiO-AIO6 did not. Then, the synergistic effects of simple combination of B. subtilis wt55 and AiiO-AIO6 was evaluated next. The results showed this combination could improve the survival rate and significantly reduce the number of invasive A. veronii in gut after challenge compared to the other groups, corresponding to the lower intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. In vitro co-culture experiments showed this combination could inhibit the growth of A. veronii. Direct immersion of germ-free zebrafish proved AiiO-AIO6 did not directly regulate the innate immune response of the host, but wt55 did it, and the combination of wt55 and AiiO-AIO6 could significantly reduce the expression of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, increase the expression of lysozyme gene. The gut microbiota induced by either experimental diet was transferred to germ-free zebrafish, and the results showed that intestinal microbiota also plays a regulatory role. The gut microbiota from combination group could significantly inhibit the expression of IL-1β and NF-κB, and increased the expression of TGF-β and lysozyme. Given the effectiveness of this combination, a B. subtilis quorum-quenching recombinant expression strain in which AiiO-AIO6 was surface displayed on the spores and secreted by vegetative cells was built. The results showed that the survival rate after challenge was lower than that of the group treated with AiiO-AIO6 or wt55 alone, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and NF-κB were significantly higher. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of B. subtilis and AiiO-AIO6 simple combination and established an efficient B. subtilis expression system.
Lethal, Sublethal And Transgenerational Effects of Insecticides Labeled For Cotton On Immature Trichogramma Pretiosum
Authors: Costa Mariana Abreu , Farias Elizeu Sá , Andrade Eliana Donizete , Carvalho Vinícius Castro , Carvalho Geraldo Andrade 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) regulates lepidopteran pest populations in cotton crops. However, cotton harbors dozens of pests, and growers rely on multiple insecticide applications to manage these damaging organisms. A harmonious integration of control tactics is required for proper pest management, and the use of selective insecticides (i.e., those promoting effective pest control while causing little impact on natural enemies) fits within this scope. This study aimed to assess the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides from varying chemical groups on T. pretiosum. The insecticides were sprayed on parasitized host [Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller)] eggs with developing T. pretiosum stages (egg-larva, prepupa and pupa), and biological traits were assessed following adult emergence. Overall, pupae were more susceptible to the insecticides. We found thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr to reduce F0 adult emergence in rates comparable to the positive control (methomyl). Adult F0 deformation was the highest on flupyradifurone-treated organisms, and both the F0 parasitism rate and female survival were reduced by the insecticides (except for teflubenzuron). The sex ratio was affected by thiodicarb and flupyradifurone. Transgenerational effects occurred on adult emergence, which was reduced on the offspring (F1) of thiodicarb-, chlorfenapyr-, and flupyradifurone-treated T. pretiosum. In addition, thiodicarb lessened the F1 sex ratio. Combined, these results indicate that teflubenzuron is the safest insecticide; the other insecticides (especially thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr) are non-selective to T. pretiosum. Field and semifield studies are required to confirm the harmfulness of thiodicarb and chlorfenapyr towards T. pretiosum.
Ultrasonic Preparation of PN For The Photodegradation of 17ß-Estradiol In Water And Biotoxicity Assessment Of E2 After Degradation
Authors: Meng Kun , Zhou Ke-Fu , Nguyen Nhat-Thien , Chen Bor-Yann , Long Min , Zhang Yang-Yang , Le Thuy-Trang , Chang Chang Tang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study prepared a novel Phosphorene (PN) and load it onto TiO2 to fabricated PN-TiO2, to effectively photo degrade the hydrophobic environmental hormone 17ß-estradiol in aqueous solutions. First, the corresponding characterization of prepared materials was implemented by myriads of methods (e.g, atomic force microscopy), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Next, the effect of the PN on the degradation efficiency was systematically investigated. Apparently, the doping of TiO2 by PN significantly enhanced its photocatalytic and adsorption properties with the addition of PN, compared to that in the absence of TiO2. That is the addition improved the adsorption capability of the composite. The optimal PN weight content was found to be 0.5%. However, the photo degradation efficiency gradually decreased when the PN content increased further. This optimal PN content directly suggested synergistic interactions upon the photo degrading efficiency. Compare to other PN-based photocatalysts mentioned in literature, this PN-based material owned striking advantages, such as higher energy efficiency, greater remove capacity, and superior cost-effectiveness. Further, biotoxicity of the water after treatment decreased was evident by observing the development of zebrafish embryos. In conclusion, the prepared PN-based materials exhibited promising photocatalytic capabilities for removal and biotoxicity reduction of 17ß-estradiol in aqueous solutions.
Salinity Interdecadal Variability in the Western Equatorial Pacific and Its Effects During 1942-2018
Authors: Zhang Rong-Hua , Zhou Guanghui , Zhi Hai , Gao Chuan , Wang Hongna , Feng Licheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ocean reanalysis products are used to examine salinity variability and its relationships with temperature in the western equatorial Pacific during 1942-2018. An ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method is adopted to separate salinity and temperature signals at different time scales; a focus is placed on interdecadal component in this study. Pronounced interdecadal variations in salinity are seen in the western equatorial Pacific, which exhibits persistent and transitional phases in association with temperature. A surface freshening is accompanied by a surface warming during the 1980s-1990s, but saltening and cooling in the 2000s, with interdecadal shifts occurring around the late 1970s, late 1990s, and in 2016-2018, respectively. Determined by anomaly signs of temperature and salinity, their combined effects can be density-compensated or density-uncompensated, acting to produce density variability that is suppressed or enhanced, respectively. The effects are phase- and region dependent. In the subsurface layers at 200m, where salinity and temperature anomalies are nearly of the same sign during interdecadal evolution, their effects are mostly density-compensated. The situation is more complicated in the surface layer. Variations in SSS and SST during the persistent phases tend to be of opposite sign with their density-uncompensated effects, acting to enhance density anomalies; but they can be of the same sign during the transitional periods, with density-compensated salinity effects. Examples are given for relationships among these fields which exhibit phase differences in anomaly transitions in the late 1990s in the western equatorial Pacific; salinity anomalies are seen to cause a delay in phase transition of density anomalies. Furthermore, their relative contributions to interdecadal variabilities of density and stratification are quantified. The consequences for salinity effects are also discussed with their feedbacks on local SST.
Effects of Polyamines And Silver Thiosulphate On Phoenix Dactylifera L. Cv. Quntar Micropropagation And Molecular Analysis.
Authors: Almayahi Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There are some limitations in the practical applications of in vitro date palm tissue culture, such as low multiplication efficiency, low rooting rate, and high mortality experienced by in vitro raised plantlets during laboratory to soil transfer. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of polyamines (putrescine "PUT" and spermidine" SPD") and silver thiosulfate (STS) on enhancing propagation of date palm cv Quntar in vitro. Media supplemented with 75 mg L-1 SPD in combination with 10 mgL-1 STS gave the highest percentage of callus producing buds (83.34%) and average bud formation (16.3) per jar. The addition of PUT and STS to the medium was most effective in root regeneration and the number of roots per shoot, where the best result 91.67% and 6.37 roots per shoot, respectively, were obtained using 75 mgL-1 PUT and 10 mgL-1 STS, resulting in fast-growing plantlets during acclimatization phase, reaching 90% of plant survival. The genetic fidelity assessment of plants derived from micropropagation was confirmed by RAPD analysis. Four operon primers were used, and all of them showed amplified unambiguous (OPA02, OPC-04, OPD-07, and OPE-15). All generated bands were monomorphic and had no variation among the tissue culture-derived plants tested. Accordingly, these results indicate that adding polyamines and silver thiosulfate to the nutrient medium of date palm cv. Quntar is beneficial in improving shoot organogenesis, rooting, and production of genetically stable date palm plants.
Study on removal of volatile organic compounds by metal-organic framework composite material
Authors: Xiao Yong-I , Thomas Joy , Nguyen Nhat-Thien , Le Thuy-Trang , Chang Chang Tang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For decades, people have made many efforts to improve air quality. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the chemical and textile industries are indeed listed as serious problems that need to be controlled to avoid the emission of toxic substances and reduce the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere. In this study, a novel β-cyclodextrin-metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) was produced by a green and simple method to achieve the goal of making environmentally friendly adsorption materials through a green process. Compared with pure β-CD (the specific surface area is only 22 m2/g), β-CD-MOF has higher crystallinity and larger specific surface area (up to 869 m2/g). Through the dynamic acetone adsorption device, the adsorption capacity of β-CD-MOF for acetone can reach 211 mg/g at room temperature, which is higher than that of activated carbon (the adsorption capacity is only about 192 mg/g). In addition, the adsorption of acetone by β-CD-MOF is a single-layer physical adsorption behavior through isothermal adsorption simulation, and it is known from the kinetic simulation that the adsorption mainly occurs on the surface, and the limiting condition of the adsorption is mainly external mass transfer. According to the results of thermodynamic analysis, the adsorption reaction is a spontaneous and exothermic reaction. Because the adsorption is a physical adsorption behavior, β-CD-MOF adsorbent has good reusability. After four cycling experiments, the adsorption capacity of acetone is only reduced by about 10%. This research has provided an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and high-efficiency solution for the removal of VOCs.