bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-adiabatic superconductivity in the electron-doped graphene
Authors: Szczeşńiak Dominik , Drzazga-Szczeşńiak Ewa A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we investigate the impact of the non-adiabatic effects on the superconducting state in the electron-doped graphene. In particular, by using the Eliashberg formalism we analyze the case scenario of the nitrogen-doped graphene, showing that the non-adiabatic effects complement electron-electron interaction and notably reduce (up to∼40%) pivotal thermodynamic properties, such as: the critical temperature, the superconducting gap and their characteristic ratio. Interestingly, the influence of the non-adiabatic effects is found to rise together with the increase of the depairing Coulomb interaction. These observations are elucidated based on the structure of the vertex corrections to the electron-phonon interaction. As a result, we draw a direction for the future research in the field of the two-dimensional non-adiabatic superconductivity.
Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Riddle Matthew C , Cefalu William T , Evans Philip H , Gerstein Hertzel C , Nauck Michael A , Oh William K , Rothberg Amy E , le Roux Carel W , Rubino Francesco , Schauer Philip , Taylor Roy , Twenefour Douglas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImprovement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long-term risks versus benefits of its attainment are not well understood. To update prior discussions of this issue, an international expert group was convened by the American Diabetes Association to propose nomenclature and principles for data collection and analysis, with the goal of establishing a base of information to support future clinical guidance. This group proposed “remission” as the most appropriate descriptive term, and HbA1c &lt; 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) measured at least 3 months after cessation of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy as the usual diagnostic criterion. The group also made suggestions for active observation of individuals experiencing a remission and discussed further questions and unmet needs regarding predictors and outcomes of remission.
There’s Something about Murray: Victorian Literary Societies and Alfred Forman’s Translation of Richard Wagner’sDer Ring des Nibelungen
Authors: Anderson Timothy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlfred Forman’s translations of Richard Wagner’s operas are often derided for their weird diction and minute imitation of German poetic devices. Forman has seemed to represent a zealous and uncritical approach to Wagner that was typical of the early London Wagner Society. But London’s literary societies were important preprofessional gatherings for the appreciation and research of vernacular literature at a time when universities restricted who could study and what could be studied. Forman contributed to other London societies and organized for them dramatic readings of Wagner’s poetry featuring Forman’s wife, Alma Murray. In making Wagner legible and audible for these societies, Forman aligned Wagner with contemporary radical poets and promoted the Ring as a political allegory. Forman’s translations, far from cranky or cultish, show how Victorian society culture affected translation practices, renewed study of poetic alliteration, and inaugurated the political interpretation of Wagner’s works.
Ideias e Agenda da Cooperação Prestada: o Caso do Prosavana | Ideas and delivered cooperation agenda: the ProSAVANA case
Authors: Kuss Laís Caroline 
Published: August 2021

Alguns fatores domésticos determinam a alocação da ajuda internacional, contribuindo com as abordagens que procuram uma interface entre o doméstico e o externo, o que não é diferente na cooperação brasileira. Neste trabalho, busca-se explorar um desses fatores, as ideias que, ao influenciarem a política externa e a cooperação prestada pelo Brasil, podem ter influenciado também a adoção do ProSAVANA na agenda da Política Externa Brasileira. Portanto, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental, depreende-se que o programa de cooperação triangular entre Brasil, Moçambique e Japão na área agrícola, assinado em 2009, sofreu influências de visões de mundo, crenças causais e normas de seu tempo. A exemplo disso, a identidade brasileira, enquanto modelo de país em desenvolvimento para os países africanos, e sua posição de liderança, buscada a nível global.Palavras-chave: ideias; cooperação internacional; política externa; ProSAVANA.ABSTRACTSome domestic factors determine the allocation of international aid, contributing to approaches that seek an interface between the domestic and the external, that is not different in Brazilian cooperation. In this research, we seek exploring one of these factors, ideas, which influencing foreign policy and cooperation provided by Brazil, may also have influenced theadoption of ProSAVANA on the Brazilian Foreign Policy agenda. Therefore, from a bibliographic and documentary review, it appears that the program, triangular cooperation between Brazil, Mozambique and Japan in the agricultural area (signed in 2009) was influenced by worldviews, causal beliefs and norms of its time, such as Brazilian identity as a model of developing country for African countries and its leadership position, sought globally.Keywords: ideas; international cooperation; foreign policy; ProSAVANA. Recebido em: 10 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 18 ago. 2021.
Habituation to a unilateral walking device after stroke: new considerations for an old habit, a case series
Authors: Vadas Dor , Elkins Jeananne 
Published: August 2021

Background/aims Unilateral walking devices, including single-point canes, quad canes and single crutches, are often prescribed in the acute phase of rehabilitation for patients who have had a stroke and have hemiparesis. However, the literature suggests that the usefulness of this practice is questionable. Unilateral walking devices are provided to patients to allow immediate or short-term improvement in their stability and in their walking ability, yet long-term effects include dependency, decreased use of the more affected side, increased risk of falls and decreased social participation. This case series demonstrates changes in walking that occur in the presence of unilateral walking devices, discusses their possible implications for the rehabilitation of this population, and presents them as a consideration worthy of future examination regarding the prescription of unilateral walking devices. Methods A total of 14 videos of seven patient evaluations were retrospectively analysed using still pictures taken from the videos. The pelvic (centre of mass) shift over the points of contact (feet) while walking with a unilateral walking device was measured, as well as walking without them. Results When walking with a unilateral walking device, the centre of mass (ie the mid-pelvic point) shifted significantly more toward the less-affected side than to the more-affected side (0.689 ± 0.143 vs 0.924 ± 0.065, P=0.014). When walking without a device, the shift is more symmetric (0.860 ± 0.166 vs 0.849 ± 0.098, P=0.817). Confounding variables in this case series, including the type of device used or side of paresis, were examined by separate t tests and were not found to be significant. Conclusions The cases demonstrate a possible consideration in the prescription of unilateral walking device for hemiplegic patients. Gait symmetry was analysed using a mediolateral shift of the centre of mass. The descriptive result of these cases points to a decreased symmetry while using a unilateral walking device. This is a presentation of one aspect of gait analysis, among others, and is only being raised as a possible additional consideration in the prescription of unilateral walking devices.
Long-term changes in Al thin-film extreme ultraviolet filters
Authors: Schmidt Jiri , Kolacek Karel , Frolov Alexandr , Straus Jaroslav , Hoffer Petr , Stelmashuk Vitaliy , Tuholukov Andrii , Jiricek Petr , Houdkova Jana 
Published: August 2021

Thin-film Al filters are very popular owing to their high transmittance in the wavelength range of 17–67 nm and low transmittance in the visible and near-UV regions; however, they are prone to oxidation. The amorphous

A
l

2

O

3

layers on the Al surfaces have much smaller transmittance than the bulk Al material; therefore, they strongly influence the total transmittance of the filter. This paper not only provides the transmittance of very old Al filters but also maps the transmittance development of Al filters over two years since their delivery (in 2016) in an uncontrolled atmosphere.
Reflection removal detection enabled by single-pixel imaging through
the semi-reflective medium
Authors: Ma Mengchao , Zhang Yi , Gu Lei , Su Yilong , Gao Xicheng , Mao Ning , Deng Huaxia , Zhong Xiang 
Published: August 2021

Due to the substantial reflection information of the surrounding environment, it is
difficult for a conventional camera to directly capture the distinct
image behind without interference from the reflected virtual image
through semi-reflective media such as an acrylic plate, glass, or
water. Traditional reflective artifact removal methods either demand a
major commitment of calculations or constrained photography conditions
such as the use of a polarizer, which often degrades the performance
of the reflection removal process and imposes a limitation on the
application area. A different reflection removal method is
investigated, where the interfering light rays can be attenuated
effectively based on a differential calculation with a Fourier
single-pixel imaging method. Experiments show that this method
eliminates the interference caused by reflection from interfering
objects and obtains clear images through an acrylic plate (with
thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm), glass (5 mm), and even
transparent water (100 mm). Another experiment has been carried out to
effectively image the target by removing the reflection through the
glasses, which have the same thickness (1.1 mm) but different
reflectivity (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%).
Coherent beam combination of seven 1.5  µm fiber amplifiers through up to 1  km atmospheric turbulence: near- and far-field experimental analysis
Authors: Rouzé Bastien , Lombard Laurent , Jacqmin Hermance , Liméry Anasthase , Durécu Anne , Bourdon Pierre 
Published: August 2021

A laser testbed based on active coherent beam combination (CBC) of seven 1.5 µm, 3 W fiber amplifiers was developed for applications requiring high power such as power density deposition on targets or free space laser communication. For the first time to our knowledge, the frequency-tagging locking of optical coherence by single-detector electronic-frequency tagging technique was implemented in the field in real atmospheric turbulence conditions in a target-in-the-loop configuration. Successful combination was achieved after horizontal propagation of 311 m and 1 km, at 1.5 m above the ground, while the estimated average turbulence strength was

C
n
2

∼

4.10

−
14

m

−
2

/

3

. We present the CBC laser bench and an embedded near-field interferometer called PISTIL (PISton and TILt) able to measure the relative phase shift of each emitter. We show that this measurement can provide information on relative turbulence-induced phase variation of the combined laser beams. In particular, the far-field beam envelope wandering can be estimated through this diagnosis. Results are supported by an analytical model and confirmed by numerical post-analysis of measured far-field interference. This additional interferometer may improve CBC beam pointing through turbulence.
Beam-size effects on the measurement of sub-picosecond intrinsic laser induced damage threshold of dielectric oxide coatings
Authors: Stehlík Marek , Wagner Frank , Zideluns Janis , Lemarchand Fabien , Lumeau Julien , Gallais Laurent 
Published: August 2021

Laser-induced damage experiments on

H
f
O

2

and

N
b

2

O

5

thin films were performed with 500 fs pulse duration at 1030 nm wavelength. Threshold fluences as a function of beam size have been determined for effective beam diameters ranging from 40 to 220 µm, in a single shot regime. The results suggest no beam-size effect related to material properties in the investigated range, but size effects related to the metrology. The results indicate the importance of appropriate focusing conditions and beam measurement to qualify the optics for use in lasers with large beam sizes.
Ultralow-intensity noise, 10  W all-fiber single-frequency tunable laser system around 1550  nm
Authors: Darwich Dia , Bardin Yves-Vincent , Goeppner Mathieu , Dixneuf Clément , Guiraud Germain , Traynor Nicholas , Santarelli Giorgio , Hilico Adèle 
Published: August 2021

We report herein on
the development of a linearly
polarized, single-frequency tunable laser system producing more than
10 W in the 1550 nm range, using a two-stage erbium/ytterbium co-doped
fiber-based master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) architecture. The
all-fiber MOPA provides an ultralow intensity noise of

−

160

d
B
c

/

H
z

beyond 200 kHz between 1533 and
1571 nm (

Δ
λ
=

38

n
m

) at full output power and a minimum
optical signal to noise ratio of 38 dB. A good stability is obtained
over 4 h at maximum power for several wavelengths with peak-to-peak
fluctuation less than 3% and rms below 0.5%.
Theoretical study on the effectiveness of optical filters to suppress orientation-based solar light noise
Authors: Mahapatra Saroj Kumar , Varshney Shailendra Kumar 
Published: August 2021

It is well established in the literature that the performance of an
underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system degrades due
to various channel-based and environmental attributes. So far,
consistent performance by a UOWC system has not been discussed when
the system receiver (Rx) is positioned at a certain depth and takes on
different orientations, i.e., vertically upward or downward, and
horizontally left or right. This paper discusses the UOWC system
performance when the Rx points in three different orientations and
captures the modulated light signal and different intensities of solar
light. We carry out a detailed comparative performance analysis of the
UOWC Rx system considering various optical components, such as a
colored glass optical bandpass filter, optical thin-film interference
filter, and optical wide-field birefringent filter (OWFBF), which are
mounted in front of the UOWC Rx to suppress solar light noise
interference for different orientations. We observe that the same UOWC
Rx behaves differently in all three orientations and the OWFBF
outperforms.
Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Mengying , Song Yongze , Ma Hao , Zhou Tao , Liang Zhaoxia , Qi Lu 
Published: August 2021

Background
Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship.

Methods and findings
A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants.

Conclusions
We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5–10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.
Sequential determination of viral load, humoral responses and phylogenetic analysis in fatal and non-fatal cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients from Gujarat, India, 2019
Authors: Sahay Rima R. , Shete Anita M. , Yadav Pragya D. , Patil Savita , Majumdar Triparna , Jain Rajlaxmi , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Kaushal Himanshu , Panjwani Sunil J. , Upadhyay Kamlesh J. , Varevadiya Chetan L. , Vora Alpesh , Kanani Amit , Gangakhedkar Raman R. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThirty-four CCHF cases (17 fatal; 17 survived) were confirmed from Gujarat state, India during the year 2019. We aimed to find out the viral load, antibody kinetics, cytokine profile and phylogenetic analysis between fatal and non- fatal cases.MethodsThirty four cases were included in this study. Blood and urine samples were collected from all the cases on the day of admission to hospital. Non-fatal cases were followed weekly for understanding the profile of viral kinetics, anti-CCHFV IgM and IgG antibodies. We also quantified the cytokines in both fatal and non-fatal cases. For epidemiological correlation, livestock were screened for anti-CCHF IgG antibodies and the tick pool specimens were tested by real time RT-PCR. Virus isolation was attempted on tick pools and human specimens and phylogenetic analysis performed on human and ticks complete genome sequences.ResultsCCHF cases were detected throughout year in 2019 with the peak in August. Out of 34 cases, eight secondary CCHF cases were reported. Cases were predominantly detected in males and in 19–45 years age group (55.88%). The persistence of viremia was observed till 76thPOD (post onset date) in one case whereas anti-CCHFV IgM and IgG was detected amongst these cases from the 2ndand 20thPOD respectively. Positivity observed amongst livestock and tick pools were was 21.57% and 7.4% respectively. The cytokine analysis revealed a significant increase in the level of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ during the acute phase of the infection, but interestingly IL-10 lowered to normal upon clearance of the virus in the clinically recovered case. Fatal cases had high viral RNA copy numbers. Bleeding from one or two mucosal sites was significantly associated with fatality (OR-16.47;p-0.0034 at 95% CI). We could do CCHF virus isolation from two cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed circulation of re-assortment of Asian-West African genotypes in humans and ticks.ConclusionsThe persistence of CCHF viral RNA was detected till 76thPOD in one of the survivors. The circulation of a re-assortment Asian-West African genotype in a CCHF case is also reported first time from India.
Evidence for an increase in cannabis use in Iran – A systematic review and trend analysis
Authors: Rostam-Abadi Yasna , Gholami Jaleh , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Baheshmat Shahab , Hamzehzadeh Marziyeh , Rafiemanesh Hossein , Nasserbakht Morteza , Ghalichi Leila , Safarcherati Anousheh , Taremian Farhad , Mojtabai Ramin , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin 
Published: August 2021

Background and aims
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally. In this systematic review, we examined the prevalence and trends of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in Iran.

Methods
We searched International and Iranian databases up to March 2021. Pooled prevalence of use among sex subgroups of the general population, university and high school students, combined youth groups, and high-risk groups was estimated through random-effects model. Trends of various use indicators and national seizures were examined.

Results
Ninety studies were included. The prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 1.3% (95%CI: 0.1–3.6) and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1–0.3) among the male and female Iranian general population, respectively. The prevalence of cannabis use disorder among general population in national studies rose from 0% in 2001 to 0.5% in 2011. In the 2016–2020 period, the pooled prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4–6.7) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0–1.3) among males and females of “combined youth groups”, respectively. The linear trend of last 12-month cannabis use among males of "combined youth groups" and among female university students increased significantly from 2000 to 2020.

Conclusions
Prevalence of cannabis use in Iran is low compared to many countries. However, there is strong evidence of an increase in cannabis use among the youth and some evidence for an increase in cannabis use disorder.
Restrictive versus liberal transfusion thresholds in very low birth weight infants: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Xing , Deng Haidong , Li Linjie , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2021

Background
To assess the efficacy and safety of restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion thresholds in very low birth weight infants.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane database without any language restrictions. The last search was conducted in August 15, 2020. All randomized controlled trials comparing the use of restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion thresholds in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were selected. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous variable with 95% confidence intervals were assessed by a random-effects model. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.

Results
Overall, this meta-analysis included 6 randomized controlled trials comprising 3,483 participants. Restrictive transfusion does not increase the risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.17; I2 = 0%; high-quality evidence), and does not increase the composite outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (RR, 1.01, 95% CI, 0.93–1.09; I2 = 7%; high-quality evidence) or other serious adverse events. Results were similar in subgroup analyses of all-cause mortality by weight of infants, gestational age, male infants, and transfusion volume.

Conclusions
In very low birth weight infants, a restrictive threshold for red blood cell transfusion was not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, in either short term or long term.