bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Period Surface-Wave Tomography in the Continental United States—A Resource for Research
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Ammon Charles J. , Benz Harley M. , Aziz-Zanjani Asiye , Boschelli Joshua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The variation of phase and group velocity dispersion of Love and Rayleigh waves was determined for the continental United States and adjacent Canada. By processing ambient noise from the broadband channels of the Transportable Array (TA) of USArray and several Program for the Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere experiments and using some earthquake recordings, the effort was focused on determining dispersion down to periods as short as 2 s. The relatively short distances between TA stations permitted the use of a 25  km×25  km grid for the four independent tomographic inversions (Love and Rayleigh and phase and group velocity). One reason for trying to obtain short-period dispersion was to have a data set capable of constraining upper crust velocity models for use in determining regional moment tensors. The benefit of focusing on short-period dispersion is apparent in the tomography maps—shallow geologic structures such as the Mid-Continent Rift, and the Michigan, Illinois, Anadarko, Arkoma, and Appalachian basins are imaged. In our processing, we noted that the phase velocities were more robustly determined than the group velocities. We also noted that the inability to obtain dispersion at short periods shows distinct regional patterns that may be related to the local upper crust structure.
Patient satisfaction with medication therapy adherence clinic services in a district hospital: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sim Yi C. , Mohd-Rosli Intan S. , Lau Boon T. , Ng Siew Y. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Patient satisfaction is one of the essential indicators for assessing the quality of healthcare services being delivered, including pharmacy ambulatory care service, as it determines the practicability and sustainability of the service provided. As such, pharmaceutical care services provided during medication therapy adherence clinic (MTAC) sessions need to be assessed to maximise its effectiveness and benefits to the patients.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between patient satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the predictors for patient satisfaction.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the medical outpatient department in Hospital Port Dickson from January until October 2019. Convenience sampling method was used to recruit potential study participants. Patient satisfaction was measured using Validated Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ2.0), consisted of quality of care and interpersonal relationship between pharmacist and patient domains. Descriptive data were presented as mean and standard deviation or numbers and percentages, while Independent Sample t-test, ANOVA and post-hoc analysis, and multiple linear regression were used for inferential data analysis.
Results: There were 37 (25%) diabetes MTAC, 36 (24.3%) respiratory MTAC, and 75 (50.7%) warfarin MTAC patients recruited. On average, the mean overall satisfaction score was 3.30(SD=0.43). The mean satisfaction score in the interpersonal relationship domain [3.35(SD=0.44)] was higher than the quality of care domain [3.26(SD=0.45)]. There was a significant association between gender, education level, and patient satisfaction towards pharmaceutical care service (p<0.05). Gender and education level statistically predicted respondents' satisfaction with MTAC services (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The overall patient satisfaction towards MTAC services in this setting was high. Gender and education level were significant predictors for patient satisfaction. These findings could potentially contribute to the planning of MTAC services in the future.
Increasing Trends in Physical and Mental Health Problems among US Workers in Different Job Sectors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Gopal K , Lee Hyunjung , Azuine Romuladus E. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial adverse impact on workers’ employment and physical and mental health. However, job losses, job-related household income shocks, and their related physical and mental health problems have not been well-documented. Using temporal, nationally representative data, this study examines inequalities in job-related income losses and their resultant health impact among US workers aged 18-64 years in different job sectors during the pandemic.
Methods: Using April, August, and December 2020 rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (N=56,156, 82,173, and 51,500), job-related income losses among workers in various job sectors and associated impacts on self-assessed health, depression, anxiety, worry, and lack of interest were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.
Results: In December 2020, 64.0% of self-employed and 66.3% of unemployed adults reported that they or someone in their household experienced a loss of employment income since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. This percentage was the lowest for the public sector (35.2%) and non-profit-sector (45.0%) workers. Job/income losses increased by 26% between April and December for workers in the private and non-profit sectors. Prevalence of fair/poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest increased substantially during the pandemic for workers in all sectors, with the self-employed, those in the family business, and the unemployed experiencing the highest risk and those in the government/public and non-profit sectors experiencing the lowest risk of poor physical and mental health. Workers in all sectors reporting job-related income losses experienced approximately 2-to-4-fold higher odds of poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest, compared to public-sector workers with no job/income losses, controlling for covariates.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Job-related income losses and prevalence of poor overall health and mental health among workers in all sectors increased markedly during the pandemic, with the self-employed, family business, and unemployed workers being especially vulnerable to poor health, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Copyright © 2021 Singh, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Medical Education in Nigeria
Authors: Usman Fatima , Iliyasu Zubairu , Salihu Hamisu , Aliyu Muktar 
Published: June 2021

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the learning process and outcome of medical education. In this commentary, we discuss the effect of COVID-19 on medical education in Nigeria. The disruption of educational services due to government-imposed lockdown and subsequent transition to e-learning with reduction in direct tutor-trainee contact hours to limit virus spread have had a profound effect on the quality of medical education. These measures have impacted adversely on the proficiency, and the intellectual, psychological, financial and social wellbeing of trainees, worsened by a compromised educational system from pre-existing challenges militating against quality education. Prompt re-evaluation of all aspects of medical training with emphasis on developing digital learning platforms that will enable trainees to acquire the needed knowledge and improve learning outcomes is paramount, as it is likely the effects of COVID-19 will linger for a while.

Copyright © 2021 Usman, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Modelling Oscillations in the Supply Chain: The Case of a Just-in-Sequence Supply Process from the Automotive Industry
Authors: Klug Florian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pervasive and ubiquitous oscillations, mapping the repetitive variation in time of a specific state, are well known as abundant phenomena in research and practice. Motivated by the success of oscillators in the modelling, analysis and control of dynamical systems, we developed a related approach for the dynamic description of supply chains. This paper aims to introduce a generic oscillator model for supply chains by the original application of oscillator equations. Therefore an established oscillator model for deductive modelling of supply chain echelons is used. With the help of coupled van der Pol oscillators, the dynamical interaction of an inventory system is described and applied to a real-life supply process in automotive industry. According to its reductionist approach only two differential equations are used to analyse a Just-in-Sequence supply process in car industry. Based on the fact that any oscillatory state can be reduced to the phase of the oscillation (phase reduction), a phase space map is generated. This compact visual reference of the supply process can act as the quantitative basis for an adaptive control mechanism during its operation. By delaying or accelerating the inventory oscillations of the supplier stock a detuned coupled supply process can be re-synchronised without changing the amplitude. An additional analysis of Hilbert transform is applied to determine the boundaries of phase-locking between the inventory oscillation phases, where the instantaneous phases are bounded. Furthermore parameters of the synchronisation threshold and the transient phases between synchronous and non-synchronous regimes have been investigated, supported by an Arnold tongue representation. The investigations show that with the help of a generic oscillatory model it is possible to measure and quantify phenomena of inventory dynamics in supply chains. Especially the analysis of synchronisation phenomena with the help of phase space and Arnold tongue representations foster developments of performance measurement in supply chain management.
Associations of Preoperative Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels with the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lin Qingqing , Liu Wenchao , Xu Song , Sun Liping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The effect of serum lipids on ovarian cancer is controversial. We conduct this study to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma lipid profile in patients with ovarian cancer.Methods: The medical records of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical resection in our department were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Serum lipids profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and clinicopathologic data were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Results: Multivariable Cox regression analysis found that preoperative higher LDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR 2.088, 95% CI 1.052-4.147, p = 0.035), whereas higher HDL-C level showed significant association with better PFS (HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.247-0.975, p = 0.042). Further Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that OS was longer for patients with low levels of LDL-C (< 2.76 mmol/L) compared to those with high levels of LDL-C (≥ 2.76 mmol/L) (P = 0.028), and PFS was better for patients with high levels of HDL-C (≥ 1.19 mmol/L) compared to those with low levels of HDL-C (< 1.19 mmol/L) (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Preoperative HDL-C and LDL-C levels are significant predictors of clinical outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Salt tolerance in rice: seedling and reproductive stage QTL mapping come of age
Authors: Singh Rakesh Kumar , Kota Suneetha , Flowers Timothy J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although rice has been categorized as a salt-sensitive crop, it is not equally affected throughout its growth, being most sensitive at the seedling and reproductive stages. However, a very poor correlation exists between sensitivity at these two stages, which suggests that the effects of salt are determined by different mechanisms and sets of genes (QTLs) in seedlings and during flowering. Although tolerance at the reproductive stage is arguably the more important, as it translates directly into grain yield, more than 90% of publications on the effects of salinity on rice are limited to the seedling stage. Only a few studies have been conducted on tolerance at the reproductive stage, as phenotyping is cumbersome. In this review, we list the varieties of rice released for salinity tolerance traits, those being commercially cultivated in salt-affected soils and summarise phenotyping methodologies. Since further increases in tolerance are needed to maintain future productivity, we highlight work on phenotyping for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage. We have constructed an exhaustive list of the 935 reported QTLs for salinity tolerance in rice at the seedling and reproductive stages. We illustrate the chromosome locations of 63 meta-QTLs (with 95% confidence interval) that indicate the most important genomic regions for salt tolerance in rice. Further study of these QTLs should enhance our understanding of salt tolerance in rice and, if targeted, will have the highest probability of success for marker assisted selections.
Dust-related impacts of mining operations on rangeland vegetation and soil: a case study in Yazd province, Iran
Authors: IbrahimPour Shahab , KhavaninZadeh Alireza , mehrjardi Ruhollah Taghizadeh , De Boeck Hans , Gul Alvina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Destructive mining operations are affecting large areas of natural ecosystems, especially in arid lands. The present study aims at investigating the impact of iron mine exploitation on vegetation and soil in Nodoushan (Yazd province, central Iran). Based on the dominant wind, topography, slope, vegetation and soil of the area, soil and vegetation parameters close to ​the mine were recorded and analyzed according to the distance from the mine. In order to obtain the vegetation cover, a transect and plot on the windward and leeward side of the mine, with 100 m intervals and three replicates at each sampling location was used, yielding 96 soil samples. The amount of dust on the vegetation, the seed weight and seed germination rate of Artemisia sp. as the dominant species within the area, and the soil microbial respiration were measured. The relationship between vegetation cover and distance from the mine was not linear, which was due to an interplay between pollution from the mine and local grazing, while other factors did increase or decrease linearly. The results showed that, as the distance from the mine increased, the weight of 1000 seeds of Artemisia sp. was significantly increased from 271 to 494 mg and seed germination rate and soil microbial respiration were significantly increased from 11.7 to 48.4 % and from 4.5 to 5.9 mg CO2 g− 1 soil day− 1 respectively, while the amount of dust significantly decreased from 43.5 to 6 mg (g plant)−1 between the distance of 100 to 600 m from the mine in the leeward direction. A similar trend was observed in the windward side, though negative effects were lower compared to the same distance along the leeward sample locations. The direct and indirect effects on plant growth and health from mining impacts generally decreased linearly with increasing distance from the mine, up to at least 600 m. Our study serves as a showcase for the potential of bio-indicators as a cost-effective method for assessing impacts of mining activities on the surrounding environment.
Comparison of spatiotemporal carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus burial in two plateau lacustrine sediments: Implication for N and P control
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Yang Hao , Xue Bin , Zhang Mingli , Yang Benjun , Huang Changchun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The long-term accumulation, burial and release of nutrients, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lacustrine sediments are responsible for the global lake eutrophication. Interpretation of the spatiotemporal sedimentary record of nutrients (C, N and P) in contrasting trophic level of lakes is helpful for understanding the evolutionary process of water eutrophication. Based on the radiochronology of 210Pbex and 137Cs, a comparative study of spatial and temporal concentrations, burial of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), the sources of organic matter were conducted using sediment cores from two plateau lakes Dianchi (DC) and Fuxian (FX) of SW China. Results showed that concentrations and burial of C, N and P in sediments of DC, a shallow hypertrophic lake with the maximum depth of 5.8 m, were both higher than those in FX, an oligotrophic deep lake with the maximum depth of 155.0 m. For both lakes the molar ratio of TOC/TN increased in the sediments moving from north to south. The values of TOC/TN molar ratios increased over time in DC and was higher than in FX. The extremely high values of TOC/TN appeared in the central and southern parts of FX, indicating the impacts of accumulation effect and sediment focusing in the deeper region and indirect supplement from the Lake Xingyun (XY), an adjoining lake connected with FX via the Gehe River. Time-integrated sources identification in DC indicated the contribution of allochthonous sources was dominant over the past few decades, which contributed to the increased trophic level of the lake. The comparison of relationships of carbon accumulation rates (CAR), nitrogen accumulation rates (NAR) and phosphorous accumulation rates (PAR), the ratios of N/P and the utilizations of N and P fertilizer between DC and FX implied that both of N and P inputs should be limited for reducing the trophic level, but N control was predominant in comparison with P for both lakes. The results indicated that caution is required in plateau lakes to limit transition from oligotrophic to eutrophic in these lakes.
Experimental Studies on Natural Convection Open and Closed Solar Drying Using External Reflector
Authors: Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Dharmadurai Paul Durai Leon , Vasanthaseelan Sathiyaseelan , Sathyamurthy Prof. Dr. Ravishankar , Ramani Bharathwaaj , Manokar Athikesavan Muthu , Chamkha Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work presents the experimental investigation on a solar food dryer equipped with external reflectors to enhance the rate of drying efficiency by removing the moisture content available in the anchovy fish. A comparison on conventional open solar drying is carried out to assess the parameters such as drying efficiency, moisture removal rate, and heat energy required for drying the anchovy fish using the modified solar dryer using natural convection technique. The physical examination results on the dried products proved that using modified solar dryer, the dried product are free from insects, dust. Also, it is found that the loss of colour from the product is minimum while compared to conventional open solar drying. The results showed that the thermal efficiency of dryer 1 and dryer 2 are comparatively higher as compared to that of conventional open solar drying and found as 16.73 and 19.34 % respectively.
Water Quality and Trophic Status of a Lake (Mariut, Egypt) Eight Years After Diversion of Wastewater Effluents
Authors: Shaaban Nashwa A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water resource management and lake rehabilitation is a global interest, to overcome the acute water scarcity facing most urban areas, especially in developing countries. Lake Mariut (LM) is an Egyptian lake that lies south of Mediterranean Sea, and its management had a great interest in Alexandria’s future development and as a part of the environmental sustainability of the Mediterranean basin. LM consists of 4 major basins namely, main basin MB, NWB, SWB, and FB. The MB has deteriorated as it consistently received (sewage and industrial) wastewaters till 2010. This was the date of diversion of the polluting sources as a rehabilitation step. The present work is made after elapsing 8 years from the diversion and aims at monitoring and assessing the status of the water quality not only of MB but also for the other 3 basins too. This was carried out twice, one in cold winter and the other in warm summer. The parameters studied were physico-chemical ones including DO besides nutrient salts (N and P compounds). The results revealed that the waters of both MB and SW basin were depleted in DO to a level difficult to sustain fish life. Tropically, all the studied basins were in eutrophic-hypereutrophic condition. The depletion in the vital DO is catastrophic and needs urgent solution/s. One of the proposed solutions is the dredging of bottom spoiled organic-rich sediments. This and other suggested solutions are, however, discussed, evaluated, and presented.
Portal vein thrombosis associated with high 14-day and 6-week rebleeding in patients after oesophageal variceal band ligation: A retrospective, multicentre, nested case–control study
Authors: Gao Zhanjuan , Zhao Jingrun , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Senlin , Wang Minghui , Gao yanjing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: The association between prognosis of variceal bleeding and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is unclear. In this multicentre study, we determined the effect of PVT on rebleeding and mortality in patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) after oesophageal variceal band ligation (EVL).Methods: Cirrhotic patients with AVB who had undergone EVL were included. The patients were allocated to either the PVT group or the control cirrhotic group (CCG) based on the presence or absence of PVT. One-year rebleeding episodes and mortality after EVL were recorded.Results: A total of 218 cirrhotic patients with AVB from 3 centres were included. Patients with PVT had a higher rate of 14-day and 6-week rebleeding than those without PVT (14-day: 8.26% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.03; 6-week: 11.92% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.003). The rates of 5-day failure (3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175), 1-year rebleeding (21.10% vs. 20.18%, p = 0.867), and 14-day, 6-week, and 1-year mortality were similar between the groups (14-day: 3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175; 6-week: 3.67% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.175; 1-year: 3.67% vs. 1.83%, p = 0.408). The Child-Pugh class [p = 0.022, hazard ratio (HR): 1.453; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.056–1.998], PVT (p = 0.050, HR: 4.622, 95% CI: 0.999–21.395), albumin < 30 g/L (p = 0.023, HR: 5.886, 95% CI: 1.272–27.245), and number of bands (p = 0.010, HR: 1.207, 95% CI: 1.046–1.393) were identified as the predictors for 14-day rebleeding; the multivariate analysis revealed only the number of bands (p = 0.009, HR: 1.247, 95% CI: 1.056–1.473) as the independent factor. PVT (p = 0.012, HR: 6.732, 95% CI: 1.519–29.835) and albumin < 30 g/L (p = 0.027, HR: 3.643, 95% CI: 1.160–11.441) were identified as predictors for 6-week rebleeding; however, only PVT (p = 0.015, HR: 6.380, 95% CI: 1.427–28.515) was found to be the independent factor in the multivariate analysis. Further analysis showed that superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis is the only risk factor predicting 6-week rebleeding in patients with PVT (p = 0.032, HR: 3.405, 95% CI: 1.112–10.429). Conclusions: PVT was associated with high 14-day and 6-week rebleeding in patients after EVL. SMV thrombosis was the only risk factor for 6-week rebleeding in patients with PVT. High albumin levels may serve as a protective factor for the 14-day and 6-week rebleeding risk. PVT was not responsible for mortality after EVL during 1-year follow-up.