bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt Overload During Postnatal Period Promotes Neurogenic‐mediated Increase of Arterial Blood Pressure in Adult Rats
Authors: Moreira Marina , Mourão Aline , Nunes Allancer , Castro Carlos , Pedrino Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

The present study evaluated the effects of salt (NaCl) overload during the postnatal phases on cardiovascular parameters, cardiac function and cardiovascular responses induced by MnPO blockade in adulthood. 21 days‐old male Wistar rats were maintained on 0.3 M NaCl solution and food for 60 days (experimental group; EG); the control group was maintained on tap water and food. Later, both groups were maintained on tap water and food for 15 days (recovery). After the recovery period, baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in unanaesthetized rats. The EG presented increased MAP (118.3 ± 2.7 mmHg vs. 98.6 ± 2.6 mmHg) and HR (398.2 ± 7.5 bpm vs. 365.4 ± 12.2 bpm) when compared to control group. To evaluate the cardiac function, the isolated hearts were perfused using the Langendorff technique in constant flow; after the basal recording, the hearts were submitted to ischemia/reperfusion. The salt overload did not affect the cardiac function in basal conditions. However, during the reperfusion, the hearts from EG presented increased intraventricular diastolic pressure (20.5 ± 5.16 mmHg vs. 11.5 ± 1.6 mmHg) and increased duration of reperfusion arrhythmias (208.8 ± 32.9 s vs. 75.0 ± 7.8 s), when compared to control group. Muscimol nanoinjections into MnPO promoted a decrease of MAP in both control and experimental rats, however, the decrease was greater in the EG (‐23.68 ± 1.46 mmHg vs. ‐15.58 ± 1.57 mmHg). These results demonstrate that postnatal salt overload alters cardiovascular regulation in adulthood. However, other studies are required to clarify the mechanisms by which the changes occur.Sponsors: Fapeg, Capes, CnPq
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity – Controlled by Renal Afferent Sympathoexcitatory or ‐Inhibitory Nerves ?
Authors: Ditting Tilmann , Rodionova Kristina , Heinlein Sonja , Hilgers Karl , Ott Christian , Schmieder Roland , Veelken Roland 
Published: June 2021

Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is important in hypertension, volume disorders or renal disease. It is unclear if increases of RSNA in disease are due to sympathoexcitatory or impaired sympathoinhibitory renal afferent nerves. We present data from nephritic rats suggesting the latter.Nephritis due to OX7‐antibodies. Methohexital anesthetized nephritic rats & controls instrumented to stimulate renal afferent nerve activity (ARNA) in order to influence RSNA: ipsilateral renal arterial catheter for intrarenal administration (IRA) of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to stimulate ARNA (CAP 6.6*10‐7M) and induce release of the tachykinin receptor agonist SP from renal afferents; contralateral stainless steel electrode for RSNA recording; before and after IRA CAP the tachykinin‐receptor blocker RP67580 was given. Baseline RSNA & ARNA were assessed. Some nephritic rats pretreated with tachykinin receptor antagonists to prove increased SP effects.IRA CAP decreased RSNA from 67.5±12.0 µV*sec to 14.8±4.2 µV*sec (p<0.05) over 60 minutes while in nephritis RSNA suppression was abolished. Suppressed RSNA in controls was transiently reversed by the tachykinin inhibitor. Under resting conditions RSNA was higher, ARNA lower in nephritis as compared to controls. Tachykinreceptor antagonism ameliorated damage in renal nephritis suggesting increased SP release from renal afferent nerves despite lack of the tachykinin dependant sympathoinhibition seen in controls.Our data suggest that a tachykinin dependant reno‐sympathetic reflex mechanism exerts sympathoinhibitory effects being impaired under pathophysiological circumstances.
Early Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation Leads to Tissue‐Specific Recruitment of Lectin Complement Pathway Initiators
Authors: Plovsing Ronni , Berg Ronan , Munthe‐Fog Lea , Konge Lars , Iversen Martin , Møller Kirsten , Garred Peter 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe wanted to clarify whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation induces localized and systemic recruitment of mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study in 15 healthy volunteers that received Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS, 4 ng/kg) intravenously (IV) or in a lung subsegment on two different occasions. Groups were evaluated by blood samples and by bronchoalveolar lavage 2, 4, 6, 8, or 24 hours post‐challenge; gene expression patterns and protein levels of MBL and ficolins were determined in both blood and lung.ResultsEndobronchial challenge with LPS was associated with an increase in alveolar ficolin‐3 levels, with a peak after 24 hours (p < 0.04),imageand an increase in alveolar MBL (p < 0.001). IV LPS challenge led to an increase in plasma ficolin‐1 protein levels (p < 0.001),imagewhereas no changes were observed in ficolin‐1 gene expression patterns or plasma protein levels of MBL, ficolin‐2, or ficolin‐3.ConclusionsLPS induces a tissue‐specific recruitment of ficolin‐3, MBL, and ficolin‐1 in the lung and circulation, suggesting an important role of lectin complement pathway initiators in both local and systemic host defense.
Naturally Occurring Anti‐oxidants As Possible Chemo‐preventives For Pancreatic Tumor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Chowdhury Parimal , Fenton Ember 
Published: June 2021

Identification and limited utilization of various naturally occurring compounds in search for novel and effective cancer chemo‐preventive agents is the subject of investigation in many laboratories. This study is designed in‐vitro to evaluate the properties of some most common naturally occurring anti‐oxidants in pancreatic cancer proliferation.Materials and methodsCultured AR42J cells from a rat pancreatic cancer cell line were exposed to a fixed dose of nicotine (100uM) either alone or in combination with several naturally occurring and other anti‐oxidants. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay and the oxidative status by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. Further characterization of the effect of nicotine and anti‐oxidants were investigated at the molecular level by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis to identify the involvement of mitogen activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways in this process.ResultsThe results show that proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell was induced by nicotine and these effects appear to have been reversed to a various degree in the presence of these compounds. Further analysis suggests that the responses by nicotine is mediated by oxidant activities since these effects were reversed in the presence of these compounds.ConclusionsOur study suggest that proliferative activity of rat pancreatic tumor cells by nicotine is associated with its evoked oxidative response and the compounds used in the study counteracted the antioxidant activity. Our data implicate the potential role of these agents as chemo‐preventive agents to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation (supported by UAMS Foundation Fund)
The Effect of Iqmik‐derived Metals on ROS Production in Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Dwyer Gaelen , Knall Cindy 
Published: June 2021

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) users have 4 ‐ 6 times higher risk for developing oral cancer than non‐users. The percentage of Alaska Natives (AN) who use SLT is 4 times than that of other Alaskans. Out of all adult AN who use smokeless SLT, 35% use only iqmik, a unique combination of tobacco leaves mixed with punk fungus ash. Tobacco has a large number of carcinogens including toxic metals. The ash component of iqmik contains higher levels of pro‐inflammatory toxic metals, such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), than tobacco. These metals trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this research was to determine the intracellular redox response of primary human gingival epithelial cells (HGEP) to artificial saliva extracts of iqmik, punk ash and tobacco. Levels of Cd, Co and Ni were analyzed by ICP‐MS in iqmik, tobacco and punk ash samples and in artificial saliva extracts of iqmik, tobacco and punk ash samples following microwave‐assisted acid digestion. Intracellular redox status was quantified using H2DCFDA in primary HGEP after exposure to iqmik, tobacco and punk ash artificial saliva extracts, CdCl2, CoCl2 and NiCl2. Significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Co and Ni were isolated in punk ash and iqmik samples than in tobacco samples. Artificial saliva extracts of iqmik produced a greater than additive ROS response compared to extracts of tobacco and punk ash. Treatment with Coproduced significantly greater ROS than Cd or Ni treatment, indicating that Co may account for more of the overall ROS.The research reported was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM103395.
Neonatal Exercise and Age‐Related Oxidative Stress of the Rat Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Lopes‐de‐Morais Andréia , Mendes‐da‐Silva Rosâgela , Ferreira Dioginis , Pedroza Anderson , Amâncio‐dos‐Santos Angela , Lagranha Claudia , Batista‐de‐Oliveira‐Hornsby Manuella 
Published: June 2021

Aging is related to increased oxidative damage, since Harman proposed the “free‐radical theory of aging”. The cerebral tissue is strongly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS). Although, exercise can counteract OS by increasing anti‐oxidative defenses, it is not necessarily clear which factor of the exercise protocol is more critical. Furthermore, neonatal moderate exercise can decrease brain excitability in a long‐lasting manner (Batista‐de‐Oliveira et al 2012), however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Therefore, we evaluated if the effects of neonatal moderate exercise is related to OS in cerebral cortexes of aged rats (585 days of age). At 15 days old, Wistar rats (n=20) were equally distributed in sedentary or exercised. The treadmill exercise was performed according to Batista‐de‐Oliveira et al (Exp Gerontology 47: 452–457, 2012). Malondialdehyde was measured as described by Buege & Aust (M Enzymol 52, 302‐310; 1978), Sulfhydryl content by G. Leipnitz et al. (Life Sciences 87 275–280; 2010), GSH levels by Hissin & Hilf (Analytical Biochemistry 74:214‐216; 1976), SOD activity by Misra & Fridovich (JBC 247(10): 3170‐3175), Catalase measured according to Aebi (M Enzymol 105, 121‐126; 1984), and GST by Nascimento et al. (APNM 39:1‐8). Neonatal exercise does not affect antioxidant enzymes in a long‐lasting manner (p > 0.05). Thereby, this exercise changes brain excitability later in life by other mechanism than increasing anti‐oxidative defenses.Study conducted in conformance with the FASEB Statement and the Institutional Ethics Committee for Animal Research (23076.028310/2012‐52)
Responses of Lipolysis to a Meal after Physical Activity in Lean and Obese Children
Authors: Yan Huimin , Myers Kimberly , Dubis Gabriel S Dubis , Pierce Joseph , Tanner Chuck , Hickner Robert 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis investigation was conducted to determine whether an acute bout of aerobic exercise would affect lipolytic response to food intake in lean (LN) and obese (OB) children.Methods44 children (EX: 16 LN and 28 OB, age 8‐11yr) performed 20 min of aerobic exercise eliciting an average heart rate of 140 beats/min (plus 6 min of warm‐up and cool‐down) between standardized breakfast (~300 kcal) and lunch (~500 kcal) meals, while 21 children (CON: 9 LN and 12 OB, age 8‐11 yr) remained rested between meals. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to monitor interstitial glycerol (lipolysis). Changes in interstitial glycerol concentrations were calculated from one‐hour dialysate samples collected before and after ingestion of each meal. Two‐way (meal by adiposity group) ANOVAs were separately performed in EX and CON.ResultsIn CON, the lipolytic response to the meal was attenuated after lunch compared to after breakfast regardless of obesity status (main effect of meal, p<0.05; ‐141 ± 44 uM vs. ‐4 ± 24 uM for changes in interstitial glycerol after breakfast and lunch, respectively). In EX, a meal by group interaction was found for changes in interstitial glycerol (p<0.05; LN: ‐416 ± 15 vs. ‐66 ± 58 uM; OB: ‐60 ± 117 vs. ‐152 ± 44 uM for breakfast and lunch, respectively).ConclusionThe suppressive effect of food intake on lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in children may be attenuated after lunch compared to breakfast. The anti‐lipolytic response to food intake can be enhanced with acute exercise in obese children.Supported by NIH RO1DK071081
Effect of long‐term voluntary running on bone tissue in mice
Authors: Takamine Yuri , Ichinoseki‐Sekine Noriko , Yoshihara Toshinori , Tsuzuki Takamasa , Machida Shuichi , Naito Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt is well known that exercise has positive effects on bone. It has been reported that voluntary exercise increase bone formation and bone density during growing period. However, effects of more long‐term exercise performed until adult on bone tissue are little known.PurposeTo investigate the effects of long‐term voluntary wheel running on histological and mechanical properties of bone tissue in mice.MethodsFour‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice (n=31) were assigned to 1) a sedentary control (CON) and 2) a voluntary running (VE) groups. Mice in VE group were allowed free access a wheel. Femurs were removed at 4, 28, or 40 weeks of age. Bone volume was measured histologically as the bone volume per tissue volume［BV/TV (%)］, and bone strength was measured using three‐point bending test. Bone strength was normalized to body weight［N/g; maximum breaking force (N) per body weight (g)］.ResultsThe body weight in the CON at 4, 28, 40 weeks of age was 18.4±0.5, 30.1±1.3, 29.8±1.4 g, respectively, while it in VE at 28 and 40 weeks of age was 26.7±0.8, and 29.2±2.4 g. BV/TV (%) significantly decreased with aging from 4 to 28 weeks of age in both groups. There were no significant differences in BV/TV (%) between CON and VE. Also, bone strength significantly increase with aging from 4 to 28 weeks of age in both groups. There were no significant differences between CON and VE.ConclusionOur data suggests that long‐term voluntary running do not effect on histological and mechanical properties of bone tissue in mice.This work was supported by grants from the MEXT‐Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities (S1101008).
Chemotherapeutic Properties of Factors Released from Contracting Skeletal Muscle: Early “Exercise” versus Fatigue
Authors: Riechman Steven , Davis Amanda , Simpson Tess , Porter Weston , Fluckey James 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study is to determine the chemotherapeutic effects of early and late secretions of contracting skeletal muscle on breast cancer cells in vitro. METHODS: MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with “exercise” perfusate collected from a rat hemicorpus perfusion in which the hindlimb was electrically stimulated via the sciatic nerve. Study groups (n = 3 wells per group x 3 animals) include perfusate collected from quiescent muscle (NoEx), during the first 5 minutes of contraction, Early Exercise (EEx), during the last 5 minutes of contraction, Fatigue (FTG), as well as normal cell culture media (CON) as a control. Cell counts were taken in triplicate on Day 5 after four days of exposure (refreshed media daily, consisting of 10% perfusate). RESULTS: Average percent reduction in cell counts as compared to NoEx controls were 7% for EEx and 20% for FTG perfusate (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONThese data support evidence for chemotherapeutic factors being released from contracting skeletal muscle which is more strongly associated with fatigue. These results have important implications for the clinical application of exercise in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Future studies will include isolation of candidates and determination of mechanisms of action.This work was funded by the TAMU Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research and Prevention Incentive Grant (SER).
Relationship between Exercise Capacity and Rapid Vasodilator Responses to Single Skeletal Muscle Contractions in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Ganger Charles , Treichler David , Ueda Kenichi , Casey Darren 
Published: June 2021

We examined the relationship between exercise capacity (VO2peak) and contraction‐induced rapid vasodilation in skeletal muscle and whether the potential relationship varied by limb (leg vs. arm) and/or age (young vs. older). 33subjects (14 young, 23±1yr; 19 older, 65±1yr) performed single muscle contractions at 10, 20 and 40% of maximum for handgrip and 20, 40, and 60% work rate maximum for knee extension. Blood flow (ml/min) was measured using Doppler ultrasound and vascular conductance was calculated from blood flow and blood pressure (mmHg) and normalized for muscle mass (kg). VO2peak was related to peak contraction‐induced vasodilation in the arm (r=0.32‐0.37, P=0.04‐0.07) and leg (r=0.48 – 0.60, P<0.01) across intensities for all individuals included in the study. However, when separated by age group VO2peak was not related to rapid vasodilation in the arm within either group or in the leg of the young adults. Conversely, older adults demonstrated a strong relationship between VO2peak and peak rapid vasodilation in the leg at the 20% (r=0.68), 40% (r=0.65), and 60% (r=0.75) intensity (P<0.01 for all). Our data suggest that a relationship between VO2peak and contraction‐induced rapid vasodilation exists in the leg of older adults. These relationships may provide insight into the positive effects of exercise training on vascular function and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults.Funded by NIH HL‐105467
Mechanisms of Pronounced and Sustained Cutaneous Vasoconstriction During Cryotherapy
Authors: christmas kevin , Patik Jordan , Khoshnevis Sepideh , Diller Kenneth , Brothers R. 
Published: June 2021

Cryotherapy is a therapeutic technique using ice or cold water applied to the skin to reduce local blood flow. While beneficial, there are some side effects such as pronounced vasoconstriction and tissue ischemia that is sustained for hours post‐treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that sustained vasoconstriction is mediated by 1) Rho‐kinase and/or 2) elevated oxidative stress. 13 subjects were fitted with a commercially available cryotherapy unit with a water perfused bladder on the lateral portion of the right calf. 3 microdialysis membranes were threaded through the dermis underneath the bladder. One site received lactated ringers (CON), one received the Rho‐Kinase inhibitor Fasudil (FAS), and one received ascorbic acid (VitC). Skin temperature (SkT) and skin vascular conductance (SkVC) was measured at each site. Subjects had 0 °C water perfused through the cryotherapy bladder for 30 min, followed by passive rewarming for 2 hr. SkT fell from 34°C to 17.9°C cold water application across all sites. SkVC was reduced after 30 min of cooling with both FAS and VitC having attenuated vasoconstriction when compared to CON (P<0.05 for both). After 2 hr of passive rewarming SkVC was elevated at the FAS site where as it remained reduced CON and VitC sites (p<0.05). These findings indicate Rho‐kinase and oxidative stress contribute to pronounced vasoconstriction during cryotherapy and that the Rho‐kinase contributes to sustained vasoconstriction during the rewarming period post treatmentSupported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; R01EB015522 (Multi PI: K.D. Diller & R.M. Brothers).
Microbiological Investigation of Waters of River Moravica during Summer Season 2012
Authors: Rashiti Fahrie , Ismaili Muharrem , Kurteshi Yll , Tuna Lush 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater pollution due to chemicals and microbes is one of the serious environmental problems, which has greatly impacted human health. This study was conducted for physiochemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water of new urban areas ofPeshawarand compared the old historical areas of the city. Present study results had shown that mostly Physio‐chemical and Bacteriological parameters of drinking water were found above the permissible limits of WHO. The results indicate that drinking water is highly vulnerable to bacterial contamination.Based on achieving results led us to conclude: The waters of MoravicaRiverare high polluted by bacteria at all investigated localities(4).
Post‐Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia: Effects on Skeletal Muscle Capillary Hemodynamics
Authors: Wright J , Ferguson S , Holdsworth C , Colburn T , Fees A , Barstow T , Musch T , Poole D 
Published: June 2021

Post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) is the commonly accepted non‐invasive diagnostic test used for evaluating endothelial function in humans. In contrast to conduit brachial artery blood flow, little is known regarding capillary hemodynamics during PORH. An understanding of microcirculatory behavior post occlusion is fundamental to interpreting the PORH response. Based on previous results found in humans we tested the hypothesis that mechanically induced ischemia of the spinotrapezius muscle would increase the percentage of capillaries supporting red blood cell (RBC) flux during reperfusion. Capillary hemodynamics were measured via intravital microscopy in young male Sprague‐Dawley rats at baseline (BL), during mechanical feed artery occlusion (OCC, 1 min and 5 min) and subsequent reperfusion. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not altered (both P > 0.05). As expected, the percentage of capillaries supporting RBC flux was reduced during 1 min OCC (BL: 90 ± 3, OCC: 2 ± 2%, P < 0.05) and 5 min OCC (BL: 87 ± 3, OCC: 0 ± 0%, P <0.05). At 30 s reperfusion the percentage of capillaries supporting RBC flux decreased relative to BL following 1 min OCC (BL: 90 ± 3%, reperfusion: 85 ± 3%, P < 0.05) and 5 min OCC (BL: 87 ± 3, reperfusion: 29 ± 3%, P < 0.05). Thus during reperfusion the percentage of capillaries supporting RBC flux neither exceeded nor even returned to BL levels up to 5 min post OCC thereby demonstrating impaired capillary function and thus blood‐myocyte O2 and substrate flux. Consequently, the PORH state in the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat differs markedly from physiological contraction‐induced hyperemia found in humans.Grants: NIH HL‐108328 NIH T32OD011169
Increased Circulating Angiotensin‐(1‐7) in Transgenic Rats Modulates Lipogenic and Lipolytic Activities in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Moreira Carolina , Cordeiro Letícia , Mario Érica , Chaves Valéria , Santos Robson , Botion Leida 
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of transgenic rats that overexpress an Angiotensin (Ang)‐(1‐7)‐producing fusion protein, TGR(A1‐7)3292 (TGR), which induces a lifetime increase in circulating levels of this peptide. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats, control (C) and TGR, 12‐15 weeks old, were used. After removal of epididymal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues, adiposity index was calculated. Lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were evaluated in epididymal adipose tissue and triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolases activity were analyzed in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Data are means±SEM (p<0.05). The results obtained in fed rats showed reduction of 35% in visceral adiposity in the TGR group in relation to control. Basal lipogenesis presented reduction in the TGR group when compared to control (TGR:124±14; C:279±36). Insulin‐stimulated lipogenesis was also reduced in the TGR group in relation to control (TGR:229±35; C:414±21). The TGR animals presented decreased LPL activity compared to control (TGR:0.70±0.14; C:1.56±0.18). TAG hydrolases activity was increased in the TGR group in relation to control (TGR:0.79±0.05; C:1.01±0.05). Our data show that increased levels of Ang‐(1‐7) have beneficial effects on the reduction of visceral adiposity, probably by decreasing fatty acids uptake and lipogenic activity in epididymal adipose tissue and by increasing TAG‐hydrolytic activity in retroperitoneal adipose tissue.Supported by: CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG