bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A co‐fumigation strategy utilizing reduced rates of phosphine (PH3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) to control strongly resistant rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Jagadeesan Rajeswaran , Singarayan Virgine T , Nayak Manoj K 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDManaging resistance to phosphine (PH3) in rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, is challenging, as strongly resistant insects of this species require very high concentrations over lengthy exposure periods (>10 days). Recently, approaches that enhance the efficacy of PH3 have gained momentum to control this pest, especially co‐fumigations. In this study, efficacy of co‐fumigating PH3 with another commercially available fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride (SF), has been evaluated against adults and eggs of two PH3‐resistant strains of C. ferrugineus. Concentrations of the mixture, representing lower than current application rates of both fumigants, were tested towards its field use.RESULTSCo‐fumigation of PH3 with SF was achieved in two patterns: over a continuous exposure period of 168 h simultaneously and sequentially over two periods of 78 h, in which insects were exposed to SF first followed by PH3 with 12 h aeration in‐between. Results of simultaneous fumigations identified two effective co‐fumigation rates, SF 185 + PH3 168 g hm−3 and SF 370 + PH3 84 g hm−3 that yielded complete control of adults and eggs. These two rates also were equally effective when they were applied sequentially and produced consistent results. Irrespective of application methods, concentrations of both PH3 and SF failed individually in achieving complete mortality of either adults or eggs or both.CONCLUSIONOur results confirmed that a co‐fumigation strategy involving half the current standard rate of PH3 (84 g hm−3) with one‐fourth of the current maximal registered rate of SF (370 g hm−3) can provide effective control of strongly PH3‐resistant C. ferrugineus.
Statistical testing for sufficient control chart performances during monitoring of grouped processes
Authors: Kostyszyn Kevin Nikolai , Brandstätter Tobias Claus , Vollmer Thomas , Schmitt Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith ISO 7870‐8, a standardized application of charting techniques for short runs and small mixed batches was presented in 2017. Similar to various scientific approaches, it requires that sample values from grouped processes follow nearly identical distributions. In practice, however, there tend to be differences between distribution parameters. Moreover, equal parameters do not ensure that distributions are properly aligned to the center line and control limits of the chart. These facts can lead to undesired control chart performances which can be expressed by average run lengths (ARL) during in‐control and out‐of‐control conditions. In this work, a statistical test for sufficient control chart performances during monitoring of grouped processes based on preliminary samples is proposed. Control chart performances are defined as sufficient when they deviate within acceptable ranges from usual performances during single process monitoring in mass production. The ARL resulting from estimated distributions and planned production sequences is used as test statistic and calculated via the Markov chain approach. Exemplary tests are executed for scenarios with individuals and cumulated sum (CUSUM) charts. A simulative determination of error rates resulting from the ARL‐based testing demonstrates its effectiveness in testing for sufficient control chart performances compared to an indirect testing with Levene's test and a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Floating boat method for carbonate stable isotopic ratio determination in a GasBench II peripheral
Authors: Rangarajan Ravi , Pathak Pousali , Banerjee Sanchita , Ghosh Prosenjit 
Published: April 2021

RationaleEfficient high‐precision stable isotope ratio determination using the GasBench II peripheral for carbonates involves loading of a reaction vial with carbonate powder and injection of phosphoric acid of high density for carbonate digestion. Herein, we present an alternative method, which bypasses the need for acid dosing with an automated pump. The advantages of the new method include minimization of clogging within capillaries caused by the acid, acid spillage, and diffusive fractionation due to repeated piercing of the septa.MethodsThe alternative method involves the use of low‐cost boats preloaded with carbonate powder introduced into an Exetainer vial preinjected with phosphoric acid and placed within the compartment of a heated block maintained at a constant temperature in the GasBench II.ResultsThe new method yielded an improvement in precision for δ13CVPDB and δ18OVPDB values during replicate analyses of NBS 19, with an overall precision of ±0.04‰ and ±0.06‰, respectively. The accuracy and precision of analysis using the conventional method and the floating boat method were statistically re‐evaluated using a bootstrap error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation methods.ConclusionsThe proposed floating boat method of acid digestion showed significant improvement in analytical procedure and overall precision. This method is easily adoptable in other laboratories and is free from frequent issues of needle clogging and irregular fractionation due to diffusion facilitated by repeated puncturing of septa, and can serve as an alternative method for high‐precision carbonate stable isotope analysis.
Evacuation of an anaesthetised dog from theatre due to a hospital fire alarm
Authors: Gregson Rachael , Clutton R. Eddie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old entire male Beagle was anaesthetised for repair of a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in the left stifle. The anaesthesia and surgery proceeded uneventfully until a fire alarm necessitated evacuation from the theatre, initially to the assembly area in the Hospital for Small Animals’ car park, and then to the Equine Hospital's orthopaedic theatre for completion of surgery. The dog was maintained on gaseous anaesthesia throughout without incident and recovered well. Although we were able to move the dog promptly and safely while maintaining anaesthesia, this might not be possible or appropriate in other situations; the decision‐making process and options available in this case are discussed as well as safety and planning considerations raised by this situation.
Market Success: The Quest for the Objectives and Success Factors of Markets
Authors: Gimpel Henner , Hanny Lisa , Ott Marion , Wagner Jonathan , Weibelzahl Martin , Bichler Martin , Ober Steffi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarkets are an essential tool to coordinate complex systems. Engineering markets requires the consideration of numerous objectives and factors that will eventually determine the market’s success. These objectives and factors are frequently not well defined or elaborated. Hence, this chapter aims to support market design through a perspective on what determines market success. To this end, we review the literature, consider examples of market success and failure, and reflect on our ongoing work regarding future electricity market design. We provide a framework for market objectives and success factors with a focus on electricity markets. The framework could spur the identification of objectives and success factors of markets in other domains, and inform the engineering of future electricity markets.
Engineering Energy Markets: The Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Dinther Clemens van , Flath Christoph M. , Gaerttner Johannes , Huber Julian , Mengelkamp Esther , Schuller Alexander , Staudt Philipp , Weidlich Anke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the energy sector liberalization, the design of energy markets has become a prominent field of research. Markets nowadays facilitate efficient resource allocation in many fields of energy system operation, such as plant dispatch, control reserve provisioning, delimitation of related carbon emissions, grid congestion management, and, more recently, smart grid concepts and local energy trading. Therefore, good market designs play an important role in enabling the energy transition toward a more sustainable energy supply for all. In this chapter, we retrace how market engineering shaped the development of energy markets and how the research focus shifted from national wholesale markets to more decentralized and location-sensitive concepts.
Extremal correlators and random matrix theory
Authors: Grassi Alba , Komargodski Zohar , Tizzano Luigi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the correlation functions of Coulomb branch operators of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Superconformal Field Theories (SCFTs). We focus on rank-one theories, such as the SU(2) gauge theory with four fundamental hypermultiplets. “Extremal” correlation functions, involving exactly one anti-chiral operator, are perhaps the simplest nontrivial correlation functions in four-dimensional Quantum Field Theory. We show that the large charge limit of extremal correlators is captured by a “dual” description which is a chiral random matrix model of the Wishart-Laguerre type. This gives an analytic handle on the physics in some particular excited states. In the limit of large random matrices we find the physics of a non-relativistic axion-dilaton effective theory. The random matrix model also admits a ’t Hooft expansion in which the matrix is taken to be large and simultaneously the coupling is taken to zero. This explains why the extremal correlators of SU(2) gauge theory obey a nontrivial double scaling limit in states of large charge. We give an exact solution for the first two orders in the ’t Hooft expansion of the random matrix model and compare with expectations from effective field theory, previous weak coupling results, and we analyze the non-perturbative terms in the strong ’t Hooft coupling limit. Finally, we apply the random matrix theory techniques to study extremal correlators in rank-1 Argyres-Douglas theories. We compare our results with effective field theory and with some available numerical bootstrap bounds.
DCE-MRI in Glioma, Infiltration Zone and Healthy Brain to Assess Angiogenesis: A Biopsy Study
Authors: Keil Vera C. , Gielen Gerrit H. , Pintea Bogdan , Baumgarten Peter , Datsi Angeliki , Hittatiya Kanishka , Simon Matthias , Hattingen Elke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the focal predictability of vascular growth factor expression and neovascularization using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in glioma.Methods120 brain biopsies were taken in vital tumor, infiltration zone and normal brain tissue of 30 glioma patients: 17 IDH(isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM), 1 IDH-wildtype astrocytoma °III (together prognostic group 1), 3 IDH-mutated GBM (group 2), 3 anaplastic astrocytomas IDH-mutated (group 3), 4 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and 2 low-grade oligodendrogliomas (together prognostic group 4). A mixed linear model evaluated the predictabilities of microvessel density (MVD), vascular area ratio (VAR), mean vessel size (MVS), vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (VEGF-A, VEGFR‑2) and vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) expression from Tofts model kinetic and model-free curve parameters.ResultsAll kinetic parameters were associated with VEGF‑A (allp < 0.001) expression. Ktrans, kepand vewere associated with VAR (p = 0.006, 0.004 and 0.01, respectively) and MVS (p = 0.0001, 0.02 and 0.003, respectively) but not MVD (p = 0.84, 0.74 and 0.73, respectively). Prognostic groups differed in Ktrans(p = 0.007) and ve(p = 0.004) values measured in the infiltration zone. Despite significant differences of VAR, MVS, VEGF‑A, VEGFR‑2, and VE-PTP in vital tumor tissue and the infiltration zone (p = 0.0001 for all), there was no significant difference between kinetic parameters measured in these zones.ConclusionThe DCE-MRI kinetic parameters show correlations with microvascular parameters in vital tissue and also reveal blood-brain barrier abnormalities in the infiltration zones adequate to differentiate glioma prognostic groups.
The olfactory nerve is not a likely route to brain infection in COVID-19: a critical review of data from humans and animal models
Authors: Butowt Rafal , Meunier Nicolas , Bryche Bertrand , von Bartheld Christopher S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the most frequent symptoms of COVID-19 is the loss of smell and taste. Based on the lack of expression of the virus entry proteins in olfactory receptor neurons, it was originally assumed that the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) does not infect olfactory neurons. Recent studies have reported otherwise, opening the possibility that the virus can directly infect the brain by traveling along the olfactory nerve. Multiple animal models have been employed to assess mechanisms and routes of brain infection of SARS-CoV-2, often with conflicting results. We here review the current evidence for an olfactory route to brain infection and conclude that the case for infection of olfactory neurons is weak, based on animal and human studies. Consistent brain infection after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in mouse models is only seen when the virus entry proteins are expressed abnormally, and the timeline and progression of rare neuro-invasion in these and in other animal models points to alternative routes to the brain, other than along the olfactory projections. COVID-19 patients can be assured that loss of smell does not necessarily mean that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has gained access to and has infected their brains.
When rebuilding no longer means recovery: the stress of staying put after Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Koslov Liz , Merdjanoff Alexis , Sulakshana Elana , Klinenberg Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter a disaster, it is common to equate repopulation and rebuilding with recovery. Numerous studies link post-disaster relocation to adverse social, economic, and health outcomes. However, there is a need to reconsider these relationships in light of accelerating climate change and associated social and policy shifts in the USA, including the rising cost of flood insurance, the challenge of obtaining aid to rebuild, and growing interest in “managed retreat” from places at greatest risk. This article presents data from a survey of individuals who opted either to rebuild in place or relocate with the help of a voluntary home buyout after Hurricane Sandy. Findings show those who lived in buyout-eligible areas and relocated were significantly less likely to report worsened stress than those who rebuilt in place. This suggests access to a government-supported voluntary relocation option may, under certain circumstances, lessen the negative mental health consequences associated with disaster-related housing damage.
Cytocompatibility of Ti–xZr alloys as dental implant materials
Authors: Ou Pinghua , Hao Cong , Liu Jue , He Rengui , Wang Baoqi , Ruan Jianming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTi–xZr (x = 5, 15, 25, 35, 45% wt%) alloys with low elastic modulus and high mechanical strength were fabricated as a novel implant material. The biocompatibility of the Ti–xZr alloys was evaluated by osteoblast-like cell line (MG63) in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic induction using CCK-8 and live/dead cell assays, electron microscopy, and real-time PCR. The Ti–xZr alloys were non-toxic and showed superior biomechanics compared to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Ti–45Zr had the optimum strength/elastic modulus ratio and osteogenic activity, thus is a promising to used as dental implants.
Location Dynamic Tabu Routing Protocol for MANETs
Authors: Bujari Armir , De Giovanni Luigi , Palazzi Claudio E. , Ronzani Daniele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMobile Ad-Hoc Networks are currently experiencing a second youth in terms of research interest as well as providing benefits to our society. Clearly, this has been fostered by the wide range of applications that have become actually feasible thanks to the pervasive and increasing presence of smartphones, drones, sensors and other small devices with communication and sensing capability. Aiming to deploy solutions able to self-organize without the need for any infrastructure support, packet routing remains an open and critical research problem. Several routing solutions have been conceived to guarantee delivery and low overhead in this context. A promising approach, trying to limit the information needed and stored in the network, is represented bystatelesssolutions, a class of solutions not relying on topology state information. However, since they exploit local knowledge, the achieved performance in terms of packet delivery and latency is not always up to expectations. To this aim, we propose a dynamic routing protocol based on atabu searchapproach, relying on local network knowledge and in-packet short-term memory to alleviate the local minima problem. A through experimental assessment is conducted, measuring protocol performance under different configurations and profiles, evidencing its benefits.
Anti-intellectualism, instructive representations, and the intentional action argument
Authors: Springle Alison Ann , Humphreys Justin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntellectualists hold that knowledge-how is a species of knowledge-that, and consequently that the knowledge involved in skill is propositional. In support of this view, the intentional action argument holds that since skills manifest in intentional action and since intentional action necessarily depends on propositional knowledge, skills necessarily depend on propositional knowledge. We challenge this argument, and suggest that instructive representations, as opposed to propositional attitudes, can better account for an agent’s reasons for action. While a propositional-causal theory of action, according to which intentional action must be causally produced “in the right way” by an agent’s proposition-involving reasons, has long held sway, we draw on Elizabeth Anscombe’s insights offer a path toward an alternative theory of action. In so doing, we reject the implicitly Cartesian conception of knowledge at the core of the intentional action argument, while hanging on to the idea that mental states are representations of a certain kind. Our argument provides theoretical support for anti-intellectualism by equipping philosophers with an account of non-propositional, practical content.
KCNQ Channels in the Mesolimbic Reward Circuit Regulate Nociception in Chronic Pain in Mice
Authors: Wang Hao-Ran , Hu Su-Wan , Zhang Song , Song Yu , Wang Xiao-Yi , Wang Lei , Li Yang-Yang , Yu Yu-Mei , Liu He , Liu Di , Ding Hai-Lei , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury (CCI) in mice increased the firing activity and decreased the KCNQ channel-mediated M-currents in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic inhibition of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons alleviated CCI-induced thermal nociception. Opposite changes in the firing activity and M-currents were recorded in VTA DA neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but did not affect nociception. In addition, intra-VTA injection of retigabine, a KCNQ opener, while reversing the changes of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons, alleviated CCI-induced nociception, and this was abolished by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc. Taken together, these findings highlight a vital role of KCNQ channel-mediated modulation of mesolimbic DA activity in regulating thermal nociception in the chronic pain state.
Machine learning and a computational fluid dynamic approach to estimate phase composition of chemical vapor deposition boron carbide
Authors: Zeng Qingfeng , Gao Yong , Guan Kang , Liu Jiantao , Feng Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemical vapor deposition is an important method for the preparation of boron carbide. Knowledge of the correlation between the phase composition of the deposit and the deposition conditions (temperature, inlet gas composition, total pressure, reactor configuration, and total flow rate) has not been completely determined. In this work, a novel approach to identify the kinetic mechanisms for the deposit composition is presented. Machine leaning (ML) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques are utilized to identify core factors that influence the deposit composition. It has been shown that ML, combined with CFD, can reduce the prediction error from about 25% to 7%, compared with the ML approach alone. The sensitivity coefficient study shows that BHCl2 and BCl3 produce the most boron atoms, while C2H4 and CH4 are the main sources of carbon atoms. The new approach can accurately predict the deposited boron–carbon ratio and provide a new design solution for other multi-element systems.
Augmented Reality in Esthetic Dentistry: a Case Report
Authors: Touati Romane , Fehmer Vincent , Ducret Maxime , Sailer Irena , Marchand Laurent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this case report was to illustrate the clinical procedure integrating augmented reality (AR) for complex patient cases requiring full mouth rehabilitation.

Recent Findings
The introduction of AR technology to the fields of medicine and dentistry has led to numerous applications in education, surgery, and esthetics. Recently, a new AR software was introduced in esthetic dentistry which allows for real-time smile projection and thus improves communication with patients and the dental laboratory.

Summary
The presented case shows a patient with multiple missing teeth, diastemata, and an impaired masticatory and phonetic ability. After reconstruction of the posterior zone, the AR software was used for the conception of the esthetic zone, integrating the patient into the decision-making process. The result was an esthetic rehabilitation applying palatal and buccal veneers which corresponded to the chosen AR design. The patient appreciated the opportunity to pre-visualize a possible final outcome in an interactive way which increased his confidence in the chosen treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the precision and reproducibility of the described protocol.