bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Characterizing Uncertainty Sources in Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Models
Authors: Moges Tesfaye , Jones Kevontrez , Feng Shaw , Witherell Paul , Ameta Gaurav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been made to use computational and simulation models of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The goals of these efforts are to better understand process complexities and to realize better high-quality parts. However, understanding whether any model is a correct representation for a given scenario is a difficult proposition. For example, when using metal powders, the laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) process involves complex physical phenomena such as powder morphology, heat transfer, phase transformation, and fluid flow. Models based on these phenomena will possess different degrees of fidelity since they often rely on assumptions that may neglect or simplify process physics, resulting in uncertainties in their prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy and its characterization can vary greatly between models due to their uncertainties. This paper characterizes several sources of L-PBF model uncertainty for low, medium, and high-fidelity thermal models including modeling assumptions (model-form uncertainty), numerical approximations (numerical uncertainty), and input parameters (parameter uncertainty). This paper focuses on the input uncertainty sources, which we model in terms of a probability density function (PDF), and its propagation through all other L-PBF models. We represent uncertainty sources using the webontologylanguage, which allows us to capture the relevant knowledge used for interoperability and reusability. The topology and mapping of the uncertainty sources establish fundamental requirements for measuring model fidelity and for guiding the selection of a model suitable for its intended purpose.
Mitigation of Antisymmetric Mode and Drag With Base Cavities
Authors: Viji M. , Vikramaditya N. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Experiments were carried out to examine the impact of base cavities on the base pressure fluctuations and total drag of a cylindrical afterbody for freestream Mach numbers 0.6–1.5. Significant improvement in the base pressure and a substantial reduction in the afterbody drag was noticed in the presence of a base cavity at subsonic Mach numbers. However, on increasing the cavity length beyond a certain value, its performance deteriorates. At supersonic Mach numbers, their effectiveness drops drastically. Tones in the spectra can be classified into two types depending on the dominant azimuthal mode, which is either 0 or 1 and are referred to as symmetric and an antisymmetric mode, respectively. Spectra at subsonic Mach numbers exhibit tones, which are related either to mode 0 or 1. However, at supersonic Mach numbers, only tones related to mode 0 exist. The base cavity either effectively suppresses the antisymmetric mode or modifies it into a symmetric mode resulting in mitigation of the tones related to antisymmetric mode.
Optimized Design of Various Ag Decorated Sn-xAg-Cu0.7 Solder Bump on Cycling Fatigue Reliability for Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packaging
Authors: Lee H. T. , Ho C. Y. , Lee C. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Effects of Ag content (0 ∼ 3 wt%) in Sn-xAgCu0.7 solders on microstructure characteristics and low cycling fatigue at different temperature conditions are overall investigated. To increase Ag content, the solidus points 228.8 °C of Sn-Cu0.7 gradually decrease to 218.5 °C and temperature range of solid–liquid coexistence phase reduces at the same time. The Sn-Cu0.7 matrix consisted of small particles of Cu6Sn5 within β-Sn equiaxial grains and did not significantly influence solder hardness. Moreover, much intermetallic compound of plate-like Ag3Sn and rod-like Cu6Sn5 existed in Sn-xAgCu0.7 solders enables to enhance the hardness due to dense network of Ag3Sn precipitation and near eutectic point. As a result of plastic displacement decreases with higher Ag additions, better fatigue lifetime could be achieved at Ag content to 1.5 wt%. Besides, crack stemmed from thicker intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer in Sn-3.0Ag-Cu0.7 solder interface will decrease fatigue performance especially for 80 °C and 120 °C.
Non-specific aortoarteritis (NSAA) in children: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Kaur Navjyot , Saxena Anita , Jagia Priya , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Sharma Sanjeev , Kothari Shyam S , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveProspective data on clinical profile, natural history and outcomes of NSAA (non-specific aortoarteritis) in children is limited. We initiated this prospective study to evaluate the short-term and medium-term outcomes of NSAA in children.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTertiary care hospital in India.PatientsWe included 28 consecutive children (<15 years) with a diagnosis of NSAA.Main outcome measuresClinical profile, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the pattern of vessel involvement, complications and markers of disease activity were assessed at the time of diagnosis. All the patients underwent treatment and interventions as per the current guidelines and were followed up for a mean duration of 13.5±6.7 months for disease activity and outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 10±2.9 years (14 boys). Twenty (71%) patients had hypertension. Half of the children presented with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Only 21 patients (75%) met Sharma et al modified Ishikawa criteria for the diagnosis. The children with active disease (36%) were managed with immunosuppressive drugs. Percutaneous and surgical interventions were performed in 26 (93%) children. New York Heart Association functional class, LVEF and control of hypertension improved in most children on follow-up. Four children developed vascular restenosis requiring reinterventions. There was no death during mid-term follow-up.ConclusionsChildren with NSAA, unlike adults seldom present with classical features of the disease. ADHF and ventricular dysfunction are strikingly common in children. Appropriate immunosuppressive therapy for active disease and timely intervention improves clinical outcomes over a medium term follow-up. Future studies assessing long-term outcome are needed.
Free-fall landing and interval running have different effects on trabecular bone mass and microarchitecture, serum osteocalcin, biomechanical properties, SOST expression and on osteocyte-related characteristics
Authors: Boudenot Arnaud , Pallu Stéphane , Uzbekov Rustem , Dolleans Eric , Toumi Hechmi , Lespessailles Eric 
Published: August 2021

The effects of treadmill interval training (IT) and free-fall exercise were evaluated on bone parameters including osteocyte related characteristics. Thirty-eight 4-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control (C) group and exercise groups: IT, 10 free-fall impacts/day with a 10-s (FF10) or 20-s interval between drops (FF20), 5 days/week, for 9 weeks. We assessed bone mineral density (BMD); microarchitecture by µCT; mechanical strength by a 3-point bending test; density and occupancy of the osteocyte lacunae by toluidine blue staining; osteocalcin and NTx systemic levels by ELISA; and bone tissue Sost messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by RT-PCR. NTx levels were significantly lower in exercise groups as compared with the C group. In exercise groups the Sost mRNA expression was significantly lower than in C. Tb.N was significantly higher for IT and FF20 compared with the C group. Tb.Sp was significantly lower in FF10 compared with the C group. Both IT and FF20 were associated with higher tibial lacunar density as compared with FF10. compared with FF10, IT fat mass was lower, while tibial osteocyte lacunae occupancy and systemic osteocalcin level were higher. All exercise modes were efficient in reducing bone resorption. Both IT and free-fall impact with appropriate recovery periods, which may be beneficial for bone health and osteocyte-related characteristics. Novelty: Interval training is beneficial for bone mineral density. Exercises decreased both bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation (Sost mRNA). Longer interval recovery time favors osteocyte lacunae density.
The Sakharov-Medvedev Debate on Détente and Human Rights
Authors: Martin Barbara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article examines the debate between Soviet dissidents Andrei Sakharov and Roy Medvedev in the 1970s concerning the Jackson-Vanik Amendment and détente. Although both dissidents stood for East-West détente and democratization of the Soviet system and believed in the possibility of a dialogue with Soviet leaders until 1970, they later diverged in their views about methods of action. As Sakharov lost faith in the possibility of influencing the Soviet regime headed by Leonid Brezhnev, he shifted to a more radical position, adopting the language of human rights and turning to Western politicians and public opinion as an audience for his calls. Sakharov's public embrace of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment was in line with his advocacy of freedom of emigration and his belief that the West should extract concessions in the field of human rights before granting trade benefits to the Soviet Union. Medvedev, by contrast, argued that the amendment was counterproductive insofar as it risked alienating Soviet leaders and triggering adverse results. He considered that détente should be encouraged for its own sake, with the hope that over time it would spur democratization in the country. Medvedev's argument had much in common with the West German leader Willy Brandt's notion of “change through rapprochement,” a concept invoked as a rationale for Brandt's Ostpolitik. Although Sakharov's position earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, the Helsinki Accords showed how détente could serve the cause of human rights even with the Cold War under way.
Motives for walking and cycling when commuting – differences in local contexts and attitudes
Authors: Ek Kristina , Wårell Linda , Andersson Linda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to analyse what factors that explain individual differences in walking and cycling when commuting in different parts of Sweden. Walking and cycling is potentially accessible all over the country, while well developed public transport is mainly a viable option in densely populated areas.

Methodology
The importance of differences in local characteristics for the choice of transport mode will be scrutinised, together with individual differences in attitudes andpreferences. Data is collected through a survey sent to people living in five Swedish municipalities with different demographic, socio-economic ,infrastructural and geographical characteristics.

Results
The results for the pooled sample indicate that the choice to walk/cycle when commuting is related to health considerations and environmental concerns. Distance to work/school is also an important factor. Men tend to be more prone to choose active transport, and so do respondents with lower income. The results further reveal that availability of safe routes for walking and cycling are important for the choice to walk/cycle when commuting. As health considerations are important, we suggest policy makers to stress health motives when they promote walking and cycling in the future. Our results further suggest that it is important to consider availability and accessibility in community planning, and to prioritize safety and comfort of walking and cycling, not least in parts of the country where public transport is not an economically viable option.
Bone responsiveness to parathyroid hormone is negatively associated with parathyroid hormone-lowering drug use in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tominaga Naoto , Yonaha Tomoki , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Sumi Hirofumi , Taki Yasuhiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Shiizaki Kazuhiro , Yano Shozo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on bone to indirectly increase the number and activity of osteoclasts. Thus, PTH has a stimulatory effect on bone resorption and upregulates bone turnover. However, the responsiveness of bone to PTH varies widely among patients receiving dialysis. In fact, relative to the serum PTH level, the level of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), a bone resorption marker derived from osteoclasts, varies as well. This study aimed to examine factors related to bone responsiveness to PTH in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD).

Methods
This study included patients receiving chronic HD in Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital (Kanagawa, Japan) and Yonaha Medical Clinic (Okinawa, Japan) and excluded patients who received HD for less than 6 months, those who received a combination of HD and peritoneal dialysis, and those who had cancer bone metastases or myeloma. The TRACP-5b/intact PTH (iPTH) ratio was created as an index of bone responsiveness to PTH, categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high), and a cross-sectional study was conducted. P < 0.05 indicated statistically significant differences.

Results
One hundred and six patients were analyzed. Age (P = 0.010), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.003), use of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonists (P = 0.008), use of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) (P = 0.012), plasma iPTH level (P < 0.001), serum 1,25(OH)2D level (P = 0.003), and serum TRACP-5b level (P < 0.001) were significantly different among the three categories. In the single linear regression analysis, age (P = 0.016), corrected serum calcium level (P = 0.007), and ln [1,25(OH)2D] (P = 0.044) showed a significant positive correlation with ln [TRACP-5b/iPTH], whereas BMI (P = 0.026), use of CaSR agonists (P = 0.001), use of VDRAs (P = 0.009), and serum phosphorus level (P = 0.018) showed a significant negative correlation. Upon conducting multiple linear regression analysis incorporating significant variables in the single linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the TRACP-5b/iPTH ratio and intravenous administration of a CaSR agonist (etelcalcetide) and/or a VDRA (calcitriol or maxacalcitol) in all the adjusted models.

Conclusions
Bone responsiveness to PTH is negatively correlated with the intravenous administration of a CaSR agonist and/or a VDRA in patients undergoing chronic HD.
Stereotactic radiotherapy is a useful treatment option for patients with medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Kukulska Aleksandra , Krajewska Jolanta , Kołosza Zofia , Grządziel Aleksandra , Gajek Mateusz , Paliczka-Cieślik Ewa , Syguła Dorota , Ficek Kornelia , Kluczewska-Gałka Aneta , Jarząb Barbara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The role of radiotherapy in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is confined to patients in whom surgical treatment or the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not possible or contraindicated. High fractionated radiation doses during radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy are applied to reduce cancer-related symptoms and stabilize irradiated lesions. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the therapeutic effect of stereotactic radiotherapy in MTC patients.

Material and methods
The study group involved 11 MTC patients, treated due to 16 cancer lesions, mainly bone metastases (10 lesions), lymph node (2 lesions) metastases, or liver metastases (2 lesions), one primary thyroid tumor, and one MTC recurrence in the thyroid bed. The fractionated and total radiation doses ranged between 5 and 12 Gy and 8–44 Gy, respectively. Six lesions were treated with a single radiation fraction, three lesions with 2 fractions, another 6 lesions with 3 fractions, whereas the remaining one metastatic lesion with 9 fractions of stereotactic radiosurgery.

Results
The beneficial effect of stereotactic radiosurgery was obtained in all treated lesions. None of treated lesions progressed in the further disease course. Fourteen lesions were stable (87.5 %), including eight lesions showing progression before radiosurgery (good response). Disease control was obtained in all soft-tissue metastases. Regarding bone metastases, partial regression was achieved in 20 % lesions, whereas in 30 % lesions progressive before radiotherapy, the treatment led to disease stabilization.

Conclusions
Our data pointed to the effectiveness of high-dose fractionated radiotherapy in MTC. However, an observation of a larger group of patients is required to confirm it.
Building a virtual summer research experience in cancer for high school and early undergraduate students: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Corson Timothy W. , Hawkins Shannon M. , Sanders Elmer , Byram Jessica , Cruz Leigh-Ann , Olson Jacob , Speidell Emily , Schnabel Rose , Balaji Adhitya , Ogbeide Osas , Dinh Julie , Hinshaw Amy , Cummings Laura , Bonds Vicki , Nakshatri Harikrishna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a unique challenge for summer research programs in 2020, particularly for programs aimed at hands-on experience for younger trainees. The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center supports two pipeline programs, which traditionally immerse high school juniors, seniors, and early undergraduate students from underrepresented populations in science in hands-on projects in cancer biology labs. However, due to social distancing policies during the pandemic and reduction of research operations, these students were not physically allowed on campus. Thus, the authors set out to strategically pivot to a wholly virtual curriculum and evaluate the Virtual Summer Research Experience in Cancer outcomes.

Methods
The virtual program included four components: 1. a core science and professional development curriculum led by high school teachers and senior undergraduates; 2. faculty-delivered didactic sessions on cancer science; 3. mentored, virtual research projects with research faculty; and 4. online networking events to encourage vertical mentoring. Outcomes data were measured using a locally created 11-item Research Preparation Scale, daily electronic feedback, and weekly structured evaluation and feedback via Zoom.

Results
Outcome data suggested high self-reported satisfaction with the virtual program. Outcome data also revealed the importance of coordination between multiple entities for seamless program implementation. This includes the active recruitment and participation of high school teachers and further investment in information technology capabilities of institutions.

Conclusions
Findings reveal a path to educate and train high school and early undergraduate students in cancer research when hands-on, in-person training is not feasible. Virtual research experiences are not only useful to engage students during public health crises but can provide an avenue for cancer centers to expand their cancer education footprints to remotely located schools and universities with limited resources to provide such experiences to their students.
Adiponectin in psoriasis and its comorbidities: a review
Authors: Ruiyang Bai , Panayi Adriana , Ruifang Wu , Peng Zhang , Siqi Fu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal T cell activation and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes. In addition to skin manifestations, psoriasis has been associated with multiple metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. An increasing amount of evidence has highlighted the core role of adipokines in adipose tissue and the immune system. This review focus on the role of adiponectin in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities, highlighting the future research avenues.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0081343 promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion and inhibits trophoblast apoptosis by regulating miR-210-5p/DLX3 axis
Authors: Wang Hui , Luo Caiqun , Wu Xiaoxia , Zhang Jianming , Xu Zhiyong , Liu Yang , Li Bohong , Li Jing , Xie Jiansheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Various circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dysregulated in the placenta of fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses, but their roles and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of hsa_circ_0081343 in regulating the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of human extravillous trophoblast HTR-8 cells.

Methods
CircRNA and miRNA levels were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Overexpression plasmid constructs and siRNAs were used to overexpress and knockdown hsa_circ_0081343, respectively. Transwell assays and flow cytometry analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of hsa_circ_0081343 or miR-210-5p on migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. Dual luciferase activity and anti-AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to identify the relationship between miR-210-5p and hsa_circ_0081343.

Results
Hsa_circ_0081343 expression was significantly downregulated in 37 FGR placental tissues compared to healthy placental control tissues. Hsa_circ_0081343 overexpression may inhibit apoptosis by downregulating the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9 and alleviating the migration and invasion of HTR-8 cells by inducing the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. The dual luciferase activity and anti-AGO2 RIP assay results showed that hsa_circ_0081343 binds to miR-210-5p. miR-210-5p overexpression eliminated the effect of hsa_circ_0081343 overexpression in HTR-8 cells. Finally, DLX3 was identified as a direct target of miR-210-5p.

Conclusions
hsa_circ_0081343 expression levels are significantly downregulated in FGR placental tissues. Hsa_circ_0081343 regulates the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of HTR-8 cells via the hsa-miR-210-5p/DLX3 axis.
Pharmacologic targeting of the P-TEFb complex as a therapeutic strategy for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Qing Yingjie , Wang Xiangyuan , Wang Hongzheng , Hu Po , Li Hui , Yu Xiaoxuan , Zhu Mengyuan , Wang Zhanyu , Zhu Yu , Xu Jingyan , Guo Qinglong , Hui Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) kinase activity is involved in the process of transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a core component of P-TEFb, regulates the process of transcription elongation, which is associated with differentiation and apoptosis in many cancer types. Wogonin, a natural CDK9 inhibitor isolated fromScutellaria baicalensis.This study aimed to investigate the involved molecular mechanisms of wogonin on anti- chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells.Materials and methodsmRNA and protein levels were analysed by RT-qPCR and western blot. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell differentiation and apoptosis. Cell transfection, immunofluorescence analysis and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were applied to address the potential regulatory mechanism of wogonin. KU-812 cells xenograftNOD/SCIDmice model was used to assess and verify the mechanism in vivo.ResultsWe reported that the anti-CML effects in K562, KU-812 and primary CML cells induced by wogonin were regulated by P-TEFb complex. We also confirmed the relationship between CDK9 and erythroid differentiation via knockdown the expression of CDK9. For further study the mechanism of erythroid differentiation induced by wogonin, co-IP experiments were used to demonstrate that wogonin increased the binding between GATA-1 and FOG-1 but decreased the binding between GATA-1 and RUNX1, which were depended on P-TEFb. Also, wogonin induced apoptosis and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MCL-1 in KU-812 cells, which is the downstream of P-TEFb. In vivo studies showed wogonin had good anti-tumor effects in KU-812 xenograftsNOD/ SCIDmice model and decreased the proportion of human CD45+cells in spleens of mice. We also verified that wogonin exhibited anti-CML effects through modulating P-TEFb activity in vivo.ConclusionsOur study indicated a special mechanism involving the regulation of P-TEFb kinase activity in CML cells, providing evidences for further application of wogonin in CML clinical treatment.