bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offices scarce but housing scarcer: Estimating the premium for London office conversions
Authors: Cheshire Paul Charles , Kaimakamis Katerina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBritish planning is among the most restrictive in the world and has been restrictive for longer than elsewhere. Restrictive regulation substantially increases the costs of office space and, especially in London, increases the house prices. Partly in response to the crisis in housing supply an automatic right to convert offices to residential use was introduced in 2013. Some major office locations in central London and Manchester were excluded from this relaxation. We exploit the resulting boundary discontinuities to estimate the impact on prices of the new right to convert offices to housing. Using a panel data set of some 2,000 office transactions between 2009 and 2016, we find a significant increase in the price of offices eligible for this automatic conversion: our central estimate is a premium of 50%. This result demonstrates that London's restrictions on the supply of housing were substantially more severe than those on offices–already estimated to have been tighter than anywhere else in Europe. This article contributes to the small literature analyzing the restrictive effect of regulation on offices and is, as far as we are aware, the first analyzing regulatory restriction on offices relative to housing.
Exploring patient satisfaction with hospital foodservice: A Swedish study using the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire
Authors: Rapo Sofia , Mattson Sydner Ylva , Kautto Ethel , Hörnell Agneta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction with hospital foodservice in the Swedish setting, using a validated instrument, adding this context to the existing body of research.MethodsThe study was carried out at three hospitals employing cyclic menus and conventional cook‐serve foodservice systems with centralised tray assemblies and hot‐trolley distributions to the wards for service. Patient satisfaction was explored using a translated version of the validated Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Groups were compared with Mann‐Whitney U‐test and Kruskal Wallis test with a set significance level of P < .05.ResultsQuestionnaires from 439 patients were included in the analysis. The majority (80%) reported an overall satisfaction of “good” or “very good.” Questions related to Staff and Service received mostly the highest possible ratings, while questions related to Food Quality and Meal Size had slightly lower ratings and higher variation. Comparisons between groups showed that differences were small even when statistically significant. Low appetite and a long hospital stay had an adverse effect on overall satisfaction and food quality‐related questions. Men and younger patients reported more often being hungry after and between meals.ConclusionsHospital foodservice faces the challenge of catering to multiple patient needs. Monitoring patient satisfaction is crucial to ensure that foodservice operations remain evidence based. The Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire provided a general overview that indicated foodservice areas with potential for improvement, although patient satisfaction overall was high. However, patient satisfaction is a complex measure and reflexivity is required when interpreting empirical results.
Rodent control to fight plague: field assessment of methods based on rat density reduction
Authors: RAHELINIRINA Soanandrasana , SCOBIE Kathryn , RAMASINDRAZANA Beza , ANDRIANAIVOARIMANANA Voahangy , RASOAMALALA Fanohinjanaharinirina , RANDRIANTSEHENO Lovasoa Nomena , RAKOTONIAINA Jerry Sylvio , GORGÉ Olivier , LAMBIN Xavier , VALADE Eric , TELFER Sandra , RAJERISON Minoarisoa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRodents represent a serious threat to food security and public health. The extent to which rodent control can mitigate the risk from rodent‐borne disease depends on both the effectiveness of control in reducing rodent abundance and the impact on disease epidemiology. Focusing on a plague‐endemic region of Madagascar, this study compared the effectiveness of 3 methods: live‐traps, snap‐traps, and rodenticides. Control interventions were implemented inside houses between May and October 2019. Tracking tiles monitored rodent abundance. Rodent fleas, the vector involved in plague transmission, were collected. Rodent populations consisted of Rattus rattus and Mus musculus. In terms of trap success, we found that our live‐trap regime was more effective than snap‐traps. While all 3 control strategies appeared to reduce in‐house rodent activity in the short term, we found no evidence of a longer‐term effect, with in‐house rodent abundance in treated sites comparable to non‐treatment sites by the following month. Endemic flea, Synopsyllus fonquerniei, is a key plague vector usually found on rats living outdoors. Although we found no evidence that its abundance inside houses increased following control, this may have been due to a lack of power caused by significant variation in S. fonquerniei abundance. The presence of S. fonquerniei in houses was more likely when S. fonquerniei abundance on outdoor rats was higher, which in turn correlated with high rat abundance. Our results emphasize that control strategies need to consider this connectivity between in‐house rat–flea populations and the outdoor populations, and any potential consequences for plague transmission.
Evaluation of an ankylosing spondylitis education and self‐management program: Beneficial effects on ankylosing spondylitis specific outcomes
Authors: Inderjeeth Charles A. , Boland Emma , Connor Clara , Johnson Christina , Jacques Angela , McQuade Jean 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐management programs have demonstrated significant health benefits in people with musculoskeletal diseases.AimTo examine the benefits of a tailored ankylosing spondylitis self‐management program (ASSMP) delivered by trained health professionals for people with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) relative to health status, quality of life and disease activity.MethodsASSMP was developed within a continuous quality improvement framework following a needs assessment and focus group discussions. Formal feedback from the group after each 6 week program cycle group by questionnaire helped refine the ASSMP. Patient health status, quality of life and disease activity were assessed at multiple time points up to 12 months.ResultsFifty‐five percent were female; mean age 48.5 ± 15.2 years. Median time to AS diagnosis was 4 years (interquartile range: 1‐10). AS disease activity Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score scores improved at 3, 6 and 12 months (P < .001). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index improved at 6 weeks and was sustained at 3, 6 and 12 months (P < .001). The Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life improved at 3, 6 and 12 months (P < .001). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index improved by 12 months (P < .001). Participants reported less nocturnal back pain at 6 months and was sustained at 12 months (P < .001). Patients Global Disease Activity improved by 6 months (P = .012), Multi‐Dimensional Assessment of Fatigue and a Global Fatigue Index at 6 months (P = .003), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ‐ Anxiety at 12 months (P = .001), Evaluation Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life at 6 months (P = .001) and Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire at 12 months (P = .002).ConclusionThis ASSMP demonstrated significant and sustained benefit in symptoms, disease activity measures and quality of life in a condition that results in significant impairment, disability and poorer quality of life. The cost effectiveness and benefit of this program should be tested.
Alcohol‐associated intestinal dysbiosis alters mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cell phenotype and function
Authors: Gu Min , Samuelson Derrick R. , Taylor Christopher M. , Molina Patricia E. , Luo Meng , Siggins Robert W. , Shellito Judd E. , Welsh David A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic alcohol consumption is associated with a compromised innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious disease. Mucosa‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a critical role in antibacterial host defense. However, whether alcohol‐associated deficits in innate and adaptive immune responses are mediated by alterations in MAIT cells remains unclear.MethodsTo investigate the impact of alcohol on MAIT cells, mice were treated with binge‐on‐chronic alcohol for 10 days and sacrificed at day 11. MAIT cells in the barrier organs (lung, liver, and intestine) were characterized by flow cytometry. Two additional sets of animals were used to examine the involvement of gut microbiota on alcohol‐induced MAIT cell changes: (1) Cecal microbiota from alcohol‐fed (AF) mice were adoptive transferred into antibiotic‐pretreated mice and (2) AF mice were treated with antibiotics during the experiment. MAIT cells in the barrier organs were measured via flow cytometry.ResultsBinge‐on‐chronic alcohol feeding led to a significant reduction in the abundance of MAIT cells in the barrier tissues. However, CD69 expression on tissue‐associated MAIT cells was increased in AF mice compared with pair‐fed (PF) mice. The expression of Th1 cytokines and the corresponding transcriptional factor was tissue specific, showing downregulation in the intestine and increases in the lung and liver in AF animals. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from AF mice resulted in a MAIT cell profile aligned to that of AF mouse donor. Antibiotic treatment abolished the MAIT cell differences between AF and PF animals.ConclusionMAIT cells in the intestine, liver, and lung are perturbed by alcohol use and these changes are partially attributable to alcohol‐associated dysbiosis. MAIT cell dysfunction may contribute to alcohol‐induced innate and adaptive immunity and consequently end‐organ pathophysiology.
Approvals of type 2 diabetes drugs tested in cardiovascular outcome trials: A tripartite comparison
Authors: Shimazawa Rumiko , Ikeda Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

AimsIn 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance requiring that cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) be conducted for newer hypoglycaemic drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to examine the decisions by 3 regulatory authorities in response to identical CVOT data.MethodsWe surveyed ClinicalTrials.gov to identify CVOTs and examined the revision histories of drug labels in databases from the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in Japan.ResultsWe selected 14 drugs and corresponding CVOTs, 12 of which were conducted as postmarketing trials. In the USA and the EU, the pre‐CVOT indication on all 14 labels was “improvement in glycaemic control”. Six drugs showed significant cardiovascular risk reduction, which led to an additional indication regarding reduction of cardiovascular adverse events in the USA, and a change to the EU indication to specify treatment of adults with T2D. The initial indication in Japan, T2D, remained unchanged. Regarding safety, significant increases in heart failure were observed only in the saxagliptin trial. A warning was added to the saxagliptin labels in the EU and Japan, whereas the FDA required a class effect warning to be added to the labels of all 4 dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors.ConclusionsRegulatory authorities using identical trial data made substantially different decisions regarding both safety and efficacy of hypoglycaemic drugs. The differences in initial indication wording between Japan and the other authorities suggest that trial data and T2D are interpreted differently in these regions.
Nonparametric estimation of Spearman's rank correlation with bivariate survival data
Authors: Eden Svetlana K. , Li Chun , Shepherd Bryan E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study rank‐based approaches to estimate the correlation between two right‐censored variables. With end‐of‐study censoring, it is often impossible to nonparametrically identify the complete bivariate survival distribution, and therefore it is impossible to nonparametrically compute Spearman's rank correlation. As a solution, we propose two measures that can be nonparametrically estimated. The first measure is Spearman's correlation in a restricted region. The second measure is Spearman's correlation for an altered but estimable joint distribution. We describe population parameters for these measures and illustrate how they are similar to and different from the overall Spearman's correlation. We propose consistent estimators of these measures and study their performance through simulations. We illustrate our methods with a study assessing the correlation between the time to viral failure and the time to regimen change among persons living with HIV in Latin America who start antiretroviral therapy.
Development of children’s metacognitive knowledge, reading, and writing in English as a foreign language: Evidence from longitudinal data using multilevel models
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundLimited studies have been conducted on delineating the rationale behind individual differences in children developing metacognitive knowledge, as well as reading and writing proficiency.AimsThis study examined the dynamics of children’s development of metacognitive knowledge as well as reading and writing proficiency during their progression from Grade 1 to Grade 6.Sample(s)A total of 420 students participated in the study, who were tested 6 times to assess their metacognitive knowledge, reading, and writing proficiency.MethodsThe participants were invited to complete three tests: metacognitive knowledge, reading, and writing, which were administered at the end of each grade year.Results and conclusionsThree variables (i.e., metacognitive knowledge, reading, and writing) showed high stability and increasing variance over time. These findings suggest individual differences in children’s development of metacognitive knowledge, as well as reading and writing proficiency. Students’ metacognitive knowledge grew more quickly among those who entered primary school with already strong metacognitive skills; the same was true for their reading and writing development. Results also revealed predictive effects of students’ metacognitive knowledge on their reading and writing performance. Implications are discussed based on these findings.
Do children use logic to spell logician? Implicit versus explicit teaching of morphological spelling rules
Authors: Burton Lauren , Nunes Terezinha , Evangelou Maria 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIntervention studies have reported the advantage of teaching children about morphemes for spelling, but direct comparisons between explicit and implicit teaching have been examined systematically in relation to only a few morphological rules.AimsThis study compared explicit versus implicit teaching of the functional rule for the conservation of stem morphemes in derived words in English (e.g.,logicis conserved in the derivativelogicianin spite of changes in pronunciation).SampleParticipants (n = 90; 7‐ to 9‐year‐olds) were drawn from three schools with a diverse intake.MethodsThe design included a pre‐test and two post‐intervention tests. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an explicit group, taught about stems and their conservation in derived words; an implicit group, exposed to the same stems and derivatives without explicit teaching; and an unseen control group. At pre‐ and post‐test, the children’s spelling of stems in derivatives was assessed. The interventions involved practice games in which the children spelled derived words after seeing the base forms; the explicit group discussed the connection between the spellings, whereas the implicit group did not.ResultsAnalyses of variance revealed that explicit teaching led to more significant spelling improvements than implicit or no teaching, and this effect held at both post‐tests.ConclusionsIt was concluded that explicit teaching of the stem conservation rule in derived forms combined with appropriate practice games shows a sustained effect on spelling. The evidence supports explicit teaching of this morphological rule in classroom practice.
Pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma: genetics to the microenvironment to clinical translation
Authors: Kumar Emil , Pickard Lucy , Okosun Jessica 
Published: March 2021

SummaryFollicular lymphoma (FL) represents a heterogeneous disease both clinically and biologically. The pathognomonic t(14;18) translocation can no longer be thought of as the primary genetic driver, with increasing recognition of the biological relevance of recurrent genetic alterations in epigenetic regulators that now feature as a pivotal hallmark of this lymphoma subtype. Furthermore, sequencing studies have provided a near complete catalogue of additional genetic aberrations. Longitudinal and spatial genetic studies add an additional layer to the biological heterogeneity, providing preliminary molecular insights into high‐risk phenotypes such as early progressors and transformation, and also supporting evidence for the existence of persisting re‐populating cells that act as lymphoma reservoirs and harbingers for FL recurrence. Simultaneously, understanding of the tumour microenvironmental cues promoting lymphomagenesis and disease progression continue to broaden. More recently, studies are beginning to unravel the convergence and co‐operation between the genetics, epigenetics and microenvironment. There is a pressing need to marry biology with therapeutics, especially with the burgeoning treatment landscape in FL, to aid in optimising patient selection and guiding the ‘right drug to the right patient’.
Halofuginone, a promising drug for treatment of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Jain Pritesh P. , Zhao Tengteng , Xiong Mingmei , Song Shanshan , Lai Ning , Zheng Qiuyu , Chen Jiyuan , Carr Shane G. , Babicheva Aleksandra , Izadi Amin , Rodriguez Marisela , Rahimi Shamin , Balistrieri Francesca , Rahimi Shayan , Simonson Tatum , Valdez‐Jasso Daniela , Thistlethwaite Patricia A. , Shyy John Y.‐J. , Wang Jian , Makino Ayako , Yuan Jason X.‐J. 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeHalofuginone is a febrifugine derivative originally isolated from Chinese traditional herb Chang Shan that exhibits anti‐hypertrophic, anti‐fibrotic and anti‐proliferative effects. We sought to investigate whether halofuginone induced pulmonary vasodilation and attenuates chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH).Experimental ApproachPatch‐clamp experiments were conducted to examine the activity of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Digital fluorescence microscopy was used to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentration in PASMCs. Isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs were used to measure pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Mice exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 4 weeks were used as model of HPH for in vivo experiments.Key ResultsHalofuginone increased voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) currents in PASMCs and K+ currents through KCNA5 channels in HEK cells transfected with KCNA5 gene. HF (0.03–1 μM) inhibited receptor‐operated Ca2+ entry in HEK cells transfected with calcium‐sensing receptor gene and attenuated store‐operated Ca2+ entry in PASMCs. Acute (3–5 min) intrapulmonary application of halofuginone significantly and reversibly inhibited alveolar hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction dose‐dependently (0.1–10 μM). Intraperitoneal administration of halofuginone (0.3 mg·kg−1, for 2 weeks) partly reversed established PH in mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsHalofuginone is a potent pulmonary vasodilator by activating Kv channels and blocking VDCC and receptor‐operated and store‐operated Ca2+ channels in PASMCs. The therapeutic effect of halofuginone on experimental PH is probably due to combination of its vasodilator effects, via inhibition of excitation–contraction coupling and anti‐proliferative effects, via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
N‐glycosylated GPNMB ligand independently activates mutated EGFR signaling and promotes metastasis in NSCLC
Authors: Han Chia‐Li , Chen Xuan‐Ren , Lan Albert , Hsu Yuan‐Ling , Wu Pei‐Shan , Hung Pei‐Fang , Hung Chung‐Lieh , Pan Szu‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. As well as the identified role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its association with driver mutations has improved the therapeutics for patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. These patients usually display shorter overall survival and a higher tendency to develop distant metastasis compared with those carrying the wild‐type EGFR. Nevertheless, the way to control mutated EGFR signaling remains unclear. Here, we performed membrane proteomic analysis to determine potential components that may act with EGFR mutations to promote lung cancer malignancy. Expression of transmembrane glycoprotein non‐metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) was positively correlated with the status of mutated EGFR in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This protein was not only overexpressed but also highly glycosylated in EGFR‐mutated, especially EGFR‐L858R mutated, NSCLC cells. Further examination showed that GPNMB could activate mutated EGFR without ligand stimulation and could bind to the C‐terminus of EGFR, assist phosphorylation at Y845, turn on downstream STAT3 signaling, and promote cancer metastasis. Moreover, we also found that Asn134 (N134) glycosylation of GPNMB played a crucial role in this ligand‐independent regulation. Depleting N134‐glycosylation on GPNMB could dramatically inhibit binding of GPNMB to mutated EGFR, blocking its downstream signaling, and ultimately inhibiting cancer metastasis in NSCLC. Clarifying the role of N‐glycosylated GPNMB in regulating the ligand‐independent activation of mutated EGFR may soon give new insight into the development of novel therapeutics for NSCLC.
Investigating the in‐solution photodegradation pathway of Diamond Green G by chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Sabatini Francesca , Degano Ilaria , van Bommel Maarten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiamond Green G (CI 42040, Basic Green 1) is a triarylmethane dye mostly employed in the industrial dyeing of miscellaneous natural and artificial textile fibres, in the production of printing inks and as an anti‐fungal agent for aquaculture products. Diamond Green (DG) tends to fade under light irradiation, similar to several other dyes and pigments belonging to the triarylmethane family. In this paper, an in‐solution degradation study was carried out to shed light on DG photostability. The experiments were performed by artificially irradiating DG in water and dimethyl sulphoxide, and analysing aliquots sampled at different time intervals by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector quadrupole and time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. The degradation products formed were characterised and the product‐ion spectra discussed and interpreted. On the basis of the structure of the identified compounds and their kinetic trend in relation to the accelerated ageing time, degradation mechanisms were proposed for DG, taking into account the role played by the solvent. Finally, the dyeing formulation of an historical textile sample, collected from a stage costume worn in a Zeffirelli lyric opera, was determined utilising the information collected from the analysis of irradiated DG solutions.