bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization
Authors: Pagès Stéphane , Chenouard Nicolas , Chéreau Ronan , Kouskoff Vladimir , Gambino Frédéric , Holtmaat Anthony 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Here we describe a mechanism for cortical map plasticity. Classically, representational map changes are thought to be driven by changes within cortico-cortical circuits, e.g., Hebbian plasticity of synaptic circuits that lost vs. maintained an excitatory drive from the first-order thalamus, possibly steered by neuromodulatory forces from deep brain regions. Our work provides evidence for an additional gating mechanism, provided by plateau potentials, which are driven by higher-order thalamic feedback. Higher-order thalamic neurons are characterized by broad receptive fields, and the plateau potentials that they evoke strongly facilitate long-term potentiation and elicit spikes. We show that these features combined constitute a powerful driving force for the fusion or expansion of sensory representations within cortical maps.
Personal and Professional Attitudes Associated with Nurses’ Motivation to Work with Patients with Opioid use and Opioid Use-Related Problems
Authors: Mahmoud Khadejah F. , Finnell Deborah S. , Sereika Susan M. , Lindsay Dawn , Schmitt Karen , Cipkala-Gaffin Janet , Puskar Kathryn R. , Mitchell Ann M. 
Published: February 2021

Background Opioid use and opioid use-related problems contribute significantly to increased morbidity rates and premature deaths as well as an increased economic burden. Nurses have key roles in providing care to this patient population; however, they often report low motivation toward working with these patients. Examining personal and professional attitudes associated with nurses’ motivation to work with this population can present a valuable opportunity to enhance their willingness to intervene at an earlier stage when patients do not have a diagnosable opioid use disorder. Methods A descriptive, correlational design was used. Nurses were recruited from four hospital settings in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Data on nurses’ demographic/background characteristics, personal attitudes, professional attitudes, and motivation related to working with patients with opioid use and opioid use-related problems were collected via a paper/pencil survey and analyzed using linear regression. Results A sample of 234 nurses were included in the final analyses. Personal attitudes associated with nurses’ motivation included personal experience with a family member related to alcohol and/or other drugs, and stigma perceptions (familiarity, perceived dangerousness, fear, social distance and personal responsibility beliefs). Professional attitudes associated with nurses’ motivation included working experience with substance use (SU), SU education as continuing education or other educational resources, role security, therapeutic commitment, role responsibility, and self-efficacy. Conclusions This study's findings provide valuable information regarding the bivariate relationships between nurses’ personal attitudes, professional attitudes, and motivation to work with patients with opioid use and opioid use-related problems. The study provides a base for future studies aimed at developing interventions to enhance nurses’ motivation to work with this patient population particularly related to preventing the progression of opioid use to a diagnosable disorder.
Understanding Barriers to Treatment among Individuals not Engaged in Treatment who Misuse Opioids: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Cavazos-Rehg Patricia , Xu Christine , Krauss Melissa J. , Min Caroline , Winograd Rachel , Grucza Richard , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: February 2021

Background Many individuals misusing opioids do not enter into treatment. The question of who enters into treatment for their opioid abuse and under what circumstances is complex and shaped by multiple factors. The objective of the current study is to explore the risk factors for wide-ranging and numerous barriers to treatment among social media users. Method Opioid-related forums within a popular social media platform were used to recruit non-treatment engaged individuals (≥15 years) who had misused opioids in the past month ( n = 144; 66% male; median age 28). Four treatment barrier factors were identified utilizing principle component analysis: (1) stigma, (2) awareness, (3) attitudinal, and (4) denial. A structural equation model (SEM) was then created to explore the risk factors for different types of barriers to OUD treatment. Results The most common barriers among participants not engaged in treatment for their opioid misuse were the belief that one should be able to help themselves with their condition (66%), treatment was too expensive (63%), and worries about being labeled or judged (57%). Additionally, SEM results demonstrate stigma barriers, awareness, and attitudinal barriers were associated with mental health comorbidities, opioid abuse and dependence severity, and treatment history. Denial barriers, however, were only associated with treatment history, and structural/financial barriers were only associated with opioid abuse and dependence severity. Conclusions Our research findings are relevant for underscoring the wide-ranging and numerous barriers to treatment faced by individuals misusing opioids that are especially concentrated among those who also struggle with comorbid mental illness.
Clinical features and outcomes of childhood polyarteritis nodosa: A single referral center experience
Authors: Tekgöz Nilüfer , Aydın Fatma , Kurt Tuba , Sezer Müge , Tekin Zahide , Karagöl Cüneyt , Çakar Nilgün , Acar Banu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features, comorbidities and outcome of systemic childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and to evaluate PAN-like diseases in differential diagnosis.

Methods
The study group consisted of patients who were diagnosed as PAN in a referral center in Turkey. The files of all patients were reviewed retrospectively. Disease activity was evaluated with pediatric vasculitis activity score (PVAS).

Results
A total of 19 (13 boys/six girls) patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 10.37 ± 3.6 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.73 ± 3.74 years. Eight patients (42.1%) were also diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The cutaneous involvement was higher in patients with PAN than those with FMF-associated PAN (p = .03). The median (min–max) PVAS at diagnosis was 5 (3–7). There was no correlation between PVAS scores at the time of diagnosis and age, clinical findings and relapse. CECR1 mutation was detected in one patient leading to deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2.

Conclusion
The clinical presentation is variable in children with PAN. PAN-like diseases characterized by necrotizing vasculitis should be considered. The possibility of FMF should be kept in mind if inflammation cannot be controlled.
SIM.QM-S10: supplementary comparison for trace elements in skim milk powder
Authors: Grinberg Patricia , Mester Zoltan , Gatti Patricia , Acosta Osvaldo , Puelles Mabel , Delgado Mabel , Sena Rodrigo Caciano de , Almeida Marcelo Dominguez de , Rocha Marcia Silva da , Sandoval Soraya , Núñez Claudia , Vera Javier , Chao Wei , Xiao Li , Quezada Henry Torres , Torres Gina , Garzón Diego A , Ahumada Diego A , Padilla Jimmy Venegas , Ovares Katia Rosales , Calderón Jiménez Bryan , Vasco Evelyn , Contreras Laura Regalado , Osuna Mariana Arce , Jacimovic Radojko , Zuliani Tea , Laitip Nunnapus , Thiengmanee Usana , Ornthai Nattikarn , Phukphatthanachai Pranee , Taebunpakul Suttinun , Klich Hanen 
Published: February 2021

Main text
SIM.QM-S10 was performed to assess the analytical capabilities of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) of SIM members (or other regions) for the accurate determination of trace metals in skim milk powder. The study was proposed by the coordinating laboratories National Research Council Canada (NRC) and INTI Argentina as an activity of Sistema Interamericano de Metrología (SIM) approved by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). Participants included NMIs/DIs from twelve countries. No measurement method was prescribed by the coordinating laboratories. Therefore, NMIs used measurement methods of their choice. However, the majority of NMIs/DIs used closed vessel microwave system using a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2 for the digestion and ICP-MS and ICP-OES for the determination of the measurands. One laboratory used INAA technique.
This SIM.QM-S10 Supplementary Comparison provides NMIs/DIs with the needed evidence for CMC claims for trace elements in skim milk powder and similar matrices.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Applications of the Hawking energy on lightcones in cosmology
Authors: Stock Dennis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The past lightcone of an observer in a cosmological spacetime is the unique geometric structure directly linked to observations. After general properties of the Hawking energy along slices of the past lightcone have previously been studied, the present work continues along this path by providing explicit cosmological applications of the Hawking energy associated with a lightcone. Firstly, it is shown that amongst all two-dimensional non-trapped spheres with equal area and average matter density, a shear-free matter distribution maximizes the Hawking energy for sufficiently high densities. Secondly, a Robertson–Walker reference slice is constructed for every lightcone slice based on area and energy. Thirdly, after a few pedagogical examples in concrete FLRW spacetimes, the implications of monotonicity of the energy down the lightcone are explored, arriving at two new bounds on the cosmic fluid’s density and equation-of-state parameter.
Lamination of transparent conductive adhesives for tandem solar cell applications
Authors: Klein Talysa R , Young Michelle S , Tamboli Adele C , Warren Emily L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) interlayer for mechanically stacked multijunction solar cells provides adhesive strength and electrical connection between sub-cells when stacked. The fabrication of TCA sheets from an ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix and silver coated compliant conductive microspheres, similar to industry-standard EVA encapsulant sheets, compatible with a standard lamination process was developed. Blade coating TCA sheets using 3D printed blades and testing of vertical conduction through the interlayer with a TCA conductivity jig allowed for reproducible measurements and low-cost fabrication. The supplemental information provides design files to enable other researchers to produce their own blades and testing jigs. We identified 0.5 mm as an optimal blade height for producing lab-scale TCA sheets and 120 °C at 3 psi for 10 min as the optimal vacuum lamination process to minimize resistance and possible damage to samples. For TCA sheets with coverages between 0.75% and 9%, the series resistance was approximately 0.2 Ω cm2 which should result in minimal losses for one-sun photovoltaic applications.
Tuning plasma parameters to control reactive species fluxes to substrates in the context of plasma catalysis
Authors: Jiang Jingkai , Bruggeman Peter J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The key reactive plasma-produced gas phase species responsible for the enhanced conversion of chemicals in plasma catalysis compared to thermal catalysis have to date not been identified. This outstanding question is mainly due to the inherent large variety of plasma-produced species and the challenge of controlling and measuring the flux of each constituent of the cocktail of reactive species to a (catalytic) substrate. In this paper, we explore the possibility to control the dominant reactive species fluxes, relevant for plasma–catalysis, to a substrate in the effluent of an RF driven Ar–O2 plasma jet. The absolute species densities of the major reactive species (O, O2(a
1Δg), O3 and ions) were quantified by molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) to assess the possibility of using treatment distance, O2 admixture concentration, plasma dissipated power, RF modulation frequency and duty cycle as well as the feed gas flow rate to alter the dominant species densities. Selected experimental results were also compared with a pseudo-1D plug flow model. The short-lived and long-lived species can be effectively separated by changing the treatment distance and the RF modulation frequency. Furthermore, adjusting the O2 admixture concentration enables to change the ratio of the O2(a
1Δg) and O3 density. The changes in the trend of ion and O flux were found to be very similar for nearly all investigated parameters. Nonetheless the gas flow rate was able to significantly change the ratio of the O and ion density in the plasma jet effluent. The impact of the surface-dependent loss probability and boundary layer reactions on the species flux to a substrate and how this qualitatively relates to the MBMS density measurements is further addressed.
Structure-activity correlation of Ti2CT2 MXenes for C–H activation
Authors: Niu Kaifeng , Chi Lifeng , Rosen Johanna , Björk Jonas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a bourgeoning class of 2D materials, MXenes have recently attracted significant attention within heterogeneous catalysis for promoting reactions such as hydrogen evolution and C–H activation. However, the catalytic activity of MXenes is highly dependent on the structural configuration including termination groups and their distribution. Therefore, understanding the relation between the structure and the activity is desired for the rational design of MXenes as high-efficient catalysts. Here, we present that the correlation between the structure and activity of Ti2CT2 (T is a combination of O, OH and/or F) MXenes for C–H activation can be linked by a quantitative descriptor: the hydrogen affinity (E
H). A linear correlation is observed between the mean hydrogen affinity and the overall ratio of O terminations (x
O) in Ti2CT2 MXenes, in which hydrogen affinity increases as the x
O decreases, regardless to the species of termination groups. In addition, the hydrogen affinity is more sensitive to the presence of OH termination than F terminations. Moreover, the linear correlation between the hydrogen affinity and the activity of Ti2CT2 MXenes for C–H activation of both –CH3 and –CH2– groups can be extended to be valid for all three possible termination groups. Such a correlation provides fast prediction of the activity of general Ti2CT2 MXenes, avoiding tedious activation energy calculations. We anticipate that the findings have the potential to accelerate the development of MXenes for heterogeneous catalysis applications.
Tritium in environmental objects in the area affected by FSUE Mayak Production Association in 2014–15
Authors: Vostrotin V V , Yanov A Y , Finashov L V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Comparison of tritium volume activity (VA) rates in objects of environment in the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA) affected area in the period from 2014 to 2015 with tritium VA rates in the same or similar objects of environment measured in the period from 2001 to 2013. Water samples from environmental objects—precipitations, ponds, wells—were the material for this research. Tritium VA in various environmental objects was measured using liquid scintillation method. The results were processed using parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis. In samples collected in 2014–15 from open reservoirs located in Mayak PA affected area tritium VA was 1.4 times lower than the level of tritium VA in water samples from the same reservoirs collected in 2001–03. There was no statistically significant difference between tritium VA in water samples from the same open reservoirs collected in periods 2009–12 and 2014–15. Tritium VA in the water sample from production reservoir R-2 (lake Kyzyltash) in 2015 made 11 200 Bq l−1 that was 1.7 times higher than average rate in 2007–09. In water samples collected in 2014 from 11 wells and boreholes located in the affected area of Mayak PA tritium VA made in average 22 ± 5 Bq l−1. No statistically significant difference was detected in water samples taken from boreholes in 2005–06 and in 2014. Comparison of median values revealed a statistically significant 3.2 times decrease of tritium VA in samples of daily precipitations in Ozyorsk in the time interval between 2007 and 2014. In single samples of daily precipitation in 2007, 2014 and 2015 tritium VA in Ozyorsk made 1020, 145 and 3500 Bq l−1 respectively that in respect exceeded the median values 29 times in 2007, 13 times in 2014 and 160 times in 2015. This could indicate irregular tritium air emissions from Mayak PA that provides ground for necessity of tritium VA monitoring not only in daily precipitation but also in air vapor condensate. Decrease of tritium VA in water samples from open reservoirs from the period of 2001–03 to 2014–15 as well as decrease of the levels of tritium VA in samples of daily precipitation from 2007 to 2014 could be an evidence of possible decrease of tritium atmospheric emission from Mayak PA.
High stability of photovoltaic cells with phenethylammonium iodide-passivated perovskite layers and printable copper phthalocyanine-modified carbon electrodes
Authors: Wu Yue , Wang Shiyu , Ouyang Tao , Li Wenhui , Chen Mingyue , Lu Yu , Qi Pengcheng , Tang Yiwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Defects caused by the structural disorder of perovskites and voltage loss resulting from mismatched band structure are important issues to address to improve the performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Different from the conventional approaches of additive-based passivation of perovskite precursors and introducing a hole-transport layer between the perovskite layer and carbon electrode, herein we report a defect-healing method using phenethyl ammonium iodide (PEAI) treatment and band-structure modification using high-work-function inorganic copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Because of its relatively smoother surfaces and lower defect content, the optimized device after PEAI-based passivation of the perovskite achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.74%. The PCE is further raised to 13.41% through the auxiliary energy-level matching and high hole extraction abilities of the CuPc-modified carbon electrode. The best-performing device exhibits excellent moisture tolerance and thermal stability with minor current density–voltage hysteresis.
Effect of ZnO nanorods and nanotubes on the electrical and optical characteristics of organic and perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Mohammadnejad Shahram , Ahadzadeh Shabnam , Nouri Rezaie Mahdiyar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to their suitable electrical and optical properties, ZnO nanostructure-based organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and perovskite LEDs can be utilized in the optoelectronics industry. A combination of ZnO nanorods and nanotubes with various types of polymers or hybrid perovskites leads to better waveguides and transportation of carriers. Therefore, more efficient LEDs are offered to the industry. In this research, four devices, including ZnO nanorod (nanotube)/MEH-PPV (CH3NH3PbI3) LEDs are simulated by SILVACO TCAD software. To provide deeper understanding of the impact of applying nanorods and nanotubes in hybrid heterostructures, an ab initio study has been conducted and the electronic structure, density of states, absorption coefficient and dielectric function of each of these nanostructures have been scrutinized. Subsequently, the obtained data have been utilized in the SILVACO simulation, and characteristics such as the current–voltage curve, light power–voltage curve, electroluminescence (EL) spectra and radiative recombination rate of four devices have been investigated. By employing a combination of a perovskite layer and ZnO nanotubes, the turn-on voltage of the simulated devices has been decreased from 13.7 V to 1.1 V. Moreover, a drastic increment in ultraviolet emission from devices based on ZnO nanotubes can be seen, which stems from occurrence of the whispering gallery mode and low defects of nanotubes compared to nanorods. A redshift caused by a reduction in the band gaps of the nanostructures can also be observed in the EL spectra.
Inverting logic-in-memory cells comprising silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors
Authors: Park Young-Soo , Lim Doohyeok , Son Jaemin , Jeon Juhee , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose inverting logic-in-memory (LIM) cells comprising silicon nanowire feedback field-effect transistors with steep switching and holding characteristics. The timing diagrams of the proposed inverting LIM cells under dynamic and static conditions are investigated via mixed-mode technology computer-aided design simulation to verify the performance. The inverting LIM cells have an operating speed of the order of nanoseconds, an ultra-high voltage gain, and a longer retention time than that of conventional dynamic random access memory. The disturbance characteristics of half-selected cells within an inverting LIM array confirm the appropriate functioning of the random access memory array.
Numerical analysis of magnetic levitation forces for bulk superconductors with different superconducting junctions between multiple-seed-growth domains
Authors: Sawamura Mitsuru , Izumi Mitsuru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We studied magnetic levitation forces for bulk superconductors through numerical analysis. We virtually varied the superconducting junctions between domains formed through multiple seeding (four seeds) and investigated the effect of the following parameters on the magnetic levitation force: (1) the critical current density
J
c
across grain boundaries (GBs) or superconducting junctions between crystal domains.
J
c
across GBs was varied from 0% to 100% of the base material’s
J
c
and (2) the depth of the insulation phase (0% of the base material’s
J
c
) formed between domains. For parameters in (a), we found that in the presence of superconducting junctions between crystal domains with less than 50% for the ratio of
J
c
to the base materials’
J
c
, the magnetic levitation force decreased significantly under the conditions where the superconducting bulk and the permanent magnet face each other like this study. Furthermore, for 100% of the base
J
c
, the largest levitation force was generated by the first layer (0–1 mm thick), while with a reduced superconducting junction (25% of
J
c
to 0% of
J
c
), the deeper layers also contributed to the levitation force. For the parameters in (2), even a thin insulation phase layer between crystal domains significantly affected the magnetic levitation force, and different bulk layers (each 1 mm thick) below the insulation phase showed different levels of contribution to the levitation force.