bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial stability and the Fed: Evidence from congressional hearings
Authors: Wischnewsky Arina , Jansen David‐Jan , Neuenkirch Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article retraces how financial stability considerations interacted with US monetary policy before and during the Great Recession. Using text‐mining techniques, this article innovates by constructing indicators for financial stability sentiment expressed during testimonies of five Federal Reserve Chairs. Including these text‐based measures adds explanatory power to Taylor‐rule models. Negative financial stability sentiment coincided with a more accommodative monetary policy stance than implied by standard Taylor‐rule factors, even during the decades before the Great Recession. These findings are consistent with a preference for monetary policy reacting to financial instability rather than acting pre‐emptively to a perceived build‐up of risks.
The role of surgery in the management of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical evidence
Authors: Thirunavu Vineeth , Du Rebecca , Wu Joyce Y. , Berg Anne T. , Lam Sandi K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood onset epilepsy in which patients require multiple medications and may be candidates for palliative surgical intervention. In this meta‐analysis, we sought to evaluate the impact of palliative vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), corpus callosotomy (CC), and resective surgery (RS) by analyzing their impact on seizure control, antiepileptic drug (AED) usage, quality of life (QOL), behavior, cognition, prognostic factors, and complications. A systematic search of PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed to find articles that met the following criteria: (1) prospective/retrospective study with original data, (2) at least one LGS surgery patient aged less than 18 years, and (3) information on seizure frequency reduction (measured as percentage, Engel class, or qualitative comment). Seizures were analyzed quantitatively in a meta‐analysis of proportions and a random‐effects model, whereas other outcomes were analyzed qualitatively. Forty studies with 892 LGS patients met the selection criteria, with 19 reporting on CC, 17 on VNS, four on RS, two on RS + CC, one on CC + VNS, and one on deep brain stimulation. CC seizure reduction rate was 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.5%–83.7%), and VNS was 54.6% (95% CI = 42.9%–66.3%), which was significantly different (p < .001). RS seizure reduction was 88.9% (95% CI = 66.1%–99.7%). Many VNS patients reported alertness improvements, and most had no major complications. VNS was most effective for atonic/tonic seizures; higher stimulation settings correlated with better outcomes. CC patients reported moderate cognitive and QOL improvements; disconnection syndrome, transient weakness, and respiratory complications were noted. Greater callosotomy extent correlated with better outcomes. AED usage most often did not change after surgery. RS showed considerable QOL improvements for patients with localized seizure foci. In the reported literature, CC appeared to be more effective than VNS for seizure reduction. VNS may provide a similar or higher level of QOL improvement with lower aggregate risk of complications. Patient selection, anatomy, and seizure type will inform decision‐making.
Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae): a new introduced alien plant species in Turkey
Authors: Onen H. , Ozaslan C. , Farooq S. , Jones C. A. 
Published: February 2021

This study reports the first record of Ipomoea coccinea L. [(Convolvulaceae), red morning glory] from Turkey. The literature review revealed that this taxon has not been recorded yet for the flora of Turkey. The species was mainly observed on the embankments along the Ardeşen‐Çamlıhemşin road during 2016. It was again recorded during 2019 with a certain extension of the invaded area and a significant increase in population density. I. coccinea was observed in disturbed areas along roads, on the edges of tea plantations, in abandoned fields and in other waste lands. The rapid spread of the species in a short period of time suggests that it could become troublesome in future, if not managed. Therefore effective management strategies must be developed to halt its further spread. Modelling and risk assessment studies are needed to predict the potential spread and possible risks of the species to different ecosystems.
Police and policing in geography: From methods, to theory, to praxis
Authors: Bloch Stefano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that any semblance of a “police studies” in geography is relatively recent, with calls for its development and expansion still being made in the literature today, geographers have nevertheless made important contributions to how scholars understand police and policing as a multifaceted manifestation of state power, coercion, and territoriality. Given the formative contributions that have already been made, and with promises of increased scholarly activity to come, there remains much opportunity for geography to become the go‐to social scientific discipline for translating theory into action and advanced methods into practice. This is particularly so given heightened and widespread credence to the concept of defunding policing as we know it in the wake of continued and increasingly ruthless killings by police across the United States. In this article on police and policing in geography, I trace the brief history of a police studies, highlighting recent and contemporary contributions to its progress through critical examinations of community‐, border‐, affective‐, and insidious‐policing practices. Finally, I conclude with a brief discussion about how a police/policing studies can move forward as a durable geographical sub‐field vis‐à‐vis greater inclusion of would‐be scholars for whom being policed has been a lived experience that has resulted in personal encounters with hyper‐criminalization, displacement, expulsion, un‐homing, and incarceration.
Enzymatic and extrusion pretreatments of defatted rice bran to improve functional properties of protein concentrates
Authors: Leal Francisco Henrique Pereira Neves , Senna Caroline de Almeida , Kupski Larine , Mendes Gabriela da Rocha Lemos , Badiale‐Furlong Eliana 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThis study evaluated effects of enzymatic, extrusion and combined pretreatments on functional and thermal properties of protein concentrates from defatted rice bran to improve their applicability to food formulations. After the pretreatments, protein concentrates were recovered by alkaline solubilisation and isoelectric point precipitation. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying and foaming properties, and thermal stability were determined in protein concentrates. Yields of each pretreatment were above 62% protein. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased all functional properties studied, mainly for emulsifying activity index (an increase of 71.1%) and foaming capacity (an increase of 60.3%). The extrusion affected positively the oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity index and foaming capacity. The combined process was able to raise the functional properties. The principal component analysis confirmed that 95.5% improvement in functional properties of concentrates had a strong positive correlation with the pretreatments. However, the pretreatments affected thermal stability and the enthalpy of denaturation negatively.
Household gender dynamics and remitting behaviour in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Souza Emmanuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how gender dynamics in different patriarchal societies shape remitting behaviour in sub‐Saharan Africa. Data come from surveys conducted in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Uganda and Senegal. Results show that immediate family members, migrants with high earning potential and household with most financial need are more likely to send or receive remittances and, on average, send or receive more remittances than contrasting migrants or households. Gender dynamics show that remitters are more likely to be married individuals, particularly men, which demonstrate the importance of conjugal family responsibility in remitting behaviour. Consequently, the bulk of evidence suggests altruism as the primary motive behind remittances, although results also point to insurance as a motivation. However, the altruistic behaviour seems to be driven by the responsibility to remit rather than mere concern for the non‐migrating household members. This remitting pattern is much stronger in societies with high gender inequality than not.
How nursing leaders promote evidence‐based practice implementation at point‐of‐care: A four‐country exploratory study
Authors: Kitson Alison L. , Harvey Gillian , Gifford Wendy , Hunter Sarah C. , Kelly Janet , Cummings Greta G. , Ehrenberg Anna , Kislov Roman , Pettersson Lena , Wallin Lars , Wilson Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe strategies nursing leaders use to promote evidence‐based practice implementation at point‐of‐care using data from health systems in Australia, Canada, England and Sweden.DesignA descriptive, exploratory case‐study design based on individual interviews using deductive and inductive thematic analysis and interpretation.MethodsFifty‐five nursing leaders from Australia, Canada, England and Sweden were recruited to participate in the study. Data were collected between September 2015 and April 2016.ResultsNursing leaders both in formal managerial roles and enabling roles across four country jurisdictions used similar strategies to promote evidence‐based practice implementation. Nursing leaders actively promote evidence‐based practice implementation, work to influence evidence‐based practice implementation processes and integrate evidence‐based practice implementation into everyday policy and practices.ConclusionThe deliberative, conscious strategies nursing leaders used were consistent across country setting, context and clinical area. These strategies were based on a series of activities and interventions around promoting, influencing and integrating evidence‐based practice implementation. We conjecture that these three key strategies may be linked to two overarching ways of demonstrating effective evidence‐based practice implementation leadership. The two overarching modes are described as mediating and adapting modes, which reflect complex, dynamic, relationship‐focused approaches nursing leaders take towards promoting evidence‐based practice implementation.ImpactThis study explored how nursing leaders promote evidence‐based practice implementation. Acknowledging and respecting the complex work of nursing leaders in promoting evidence‐based practice implementation through mediating and adapting modes of activity is necessary to improve patient outcomes and system effectiveness.
Invertebrate‐mediated dispersal plays an important role in shaping the current distribution of a herbaceous monocot
Authors: Chen Yong‐Sheng , Zeng Chun‐Xia , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. , Wang Zhi‐Heng , Sun Lu , Schinnerl Johann , Kongkiatpaiboon Sumet , Kadota Yuichi , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Chen Gao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimInvertebrate‐mediated dispersal has previously been proposed to promote angiosperm diversification and distribution. However, little is known about the specific impact of invertebrate‐mediated dispersal on the biogeography and current distribution of plants. We aim to infer the influence of vespicochorous (hornet) and myrmecochorous (ant) dispersal on the historical biogeography of herbaceous monocot species.LocationSoutheast Asia, East Asia, Australia, North America.TaxonFamily Stemonaceae.MethodWe sampled ca. 75% of the species diversity in Stemonaceae (28 out of 37 species), covering the entire distribution range of the family, to reconstruct the biogeographic history of this family. Using phylogenetic logistic regression analyses, we then tested the relationship between dispersal modes and geographic distributions.ResultsStemonaceae originated on the Asian mainland during the late Cretaceous and then dispersed to North America, the western Malay Archipelago and eastern Malay Archipelago and Australia between the late Cretaceous and Pliocene. Geographical ranges of ant‐ versus hornet‐dispersed Stemonaceae species are significantly different, with vespicochorous species having broader distribution ranges than myrmecochorous species.Main conclusionsInvertebrate‐mediated dispersal in Stemonaceae may promote narrow endemism and play an important role in shaping the current distribution of species. Most lineages dispersed by ants failed to cross biogeographic barriers and exhibit limited range expansion overland. Vespicochorous lineages were able to cross oceanic barriers and occupy larger continental areas and/or occur on oceanic islands.
The collaborative care model: Improving access to children's mental health care
Authors: LaVille Thoren Kennedy , Vista‐Wayne Joyce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCurrent accessibility to child and adolescent mental health services is negatively affected by the shortage of mental health providers. The primary care provider or pediatrician is in a key position to identify behavioral health concerns, coordinate services, and provide treatment to the patient.AimThis project aimed to improve access to children's mental health care by creating and implementing an educational course on the collaborative care model (CoCM), a model of integrated care that embeds mental health professionals into the primary care setting.MethodsPre‐ and post‐surveys were embedded in the online CoCM course to track course completion, identify clinical staff knowledge, and identify clinical staff interest in implementing the CoCM in practice.ResultsFollowing project implementation, clinical staffs’ responses from the pre‐ and post‐surveys represented an increase in knowledge and interest in implementing the CoCM in practice after taking the online course.ConclusionThis project suggests further exploration of funding and planning to implement a pilot of the CoCM in a primary care practice setting.
A unique mapping strategy for localization and ablation of the atrial input of an antegrade only conducting accessory pathway
Authors: Ward Chad , Kamp Anna , Kertesz Naomi , Kalbfleisch Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe standard technique for accessory pathway ablation involves mapping along the mitral and tricuspid annulus to localize the regions of earliest ventricular activation during antegrade pathway conduction, earliest atrial activation during retrograde conduction or detection of an accessory pathway potential. In some cases despite what appears to be appropriate mapping, catheter positioning and adequate power delivery the ablation is not successful. In many of these cases, the pathway is felt to be inaccessible because of a location remote from the mitral or tricuspid annulus that cannot be affected by endocardial power delivery along the annulus. In the case of difficult left sided pathways, some may be reached and ablated via the coronary sinus or its branches. Right sided pathways cannot be approached in this fashion since there is no venous structure analogous to the coronary sinus around the tricuspid annulus. Alternative mapping and ablation techniques for these difficult pathways have included epicardial mapping via direct pericardial access or attempts to localize pathway insertion areas remote from the valve annulus which may be amenable to endocardial ablation. We describe the use of post‐pacing interval mapping to localize the atrial input of a right sided antegrade only accessory pathway that was resistant to conventional mapping and ablation strategies.
When market unraveling fails and mandatory disclosure backfires: Persuasion games with labeling and costly information acquisition
Authors: Bilancini Ennio , Boncinelli Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a variant of the persuasion game by Milgrom and Roberts to study the emergence and the desirability of product labeling when buyers can acquire information on the quality of the product by paying a cost. Labeling is modeled as the (verifiable) public disclosure of an otherwise unobservable trait of the seller that is correlated with the quality of the product. Our main finding is that market unraveling can fail, in which case imposing mandatory disclosure can backfire. When the joint distribution of seller's qualities and traits is exogenous, if market unraveling fails and mandatory labeling is imposed, then profits decrease for high‐quality sellers and, if the label is sufficiently informative, buyers are better off and profits increase for low‐quality sellers as well. When, instead, the joint distribution of qualities and traits is endogenous, mandatory labeling fails to yield an increase in average quality and buyers' utility, while cost inefficiencies arise.
Physiological response to capture stress in endemic Southern African catsharks (familyScyliorhinidae)
Authors: Scarponi Valentina , Gennari Enrico , Hughes William 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFishing is the major threat to marine fish populations, particularly to higher trophic‐level predators such as sharks. Many sharks, and other fish, are caught as commercial by‐catch or for recreational purposes and then released; therefore, it is important to understand the effects of capture stress on their physiology and subsequent survival. Nonetheless, although important data have been collected for some sharks, there can be substantial interspecific differences, and the consequences of capture stress are still poorly understood for most species. In this study, the authors quantified the physiological effect of capture on four catshark species endemic to Southern Africa, which are regularly discarded as by‐catch and targeted by recreational fisheries. Fifteen pyjama sharks, nine leopard sharks and nine shysharks were captured, and a blood sample was collected to measure their physiological response to capture stress. Stressed blood biochemistry was compared to samples obtained after the sharks recovered for 24 h in an underwater pen. Levels of pH and K+were significantly lower, and lactate levels were significantly higher, in sharks immediately after capture stress compared to after the 24 h recovery period. Although the species showed a similar response to capture stress, they differed significantly in pH, K+and lactate levels, and there was some evidence of size affecting the strength of the response to capture stress. The substantial physiological response elicited by even the relatively quick capture event in this study suggests that common fishing practices will have a stronger impact on catshark homeostasis because of longer hooking times and more disruptive fishing gear. Although the relationship between survival and physiological changes elicited by capture needs further investigation, the results provide further evidence that minimizing stress would be beneficial to maximize the survival of sharks and other fish following capture‐and‐release fishing practices.
Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in animal feed and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples of different species of milking animals from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Pervaiz Wajeeha , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Iqbal Shahzad Zafar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe research was designed to investigate the amount of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in animal feed (corn, wheat bran, peanut cake, soybean meal, and cotton seed meal) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk of animals (cow milk, buffalo milk, goat milk and sheep milk), from Punjab, Pakistan collected March 2017 till February 2018. The samples were examined with liquid chromatography, with a fluorescence detector. The findings demonstrated that 126 (65.3%) out of 193 samples of animal feed were found positive with AFB1, and 88 (45.6%) samples have levels higher than 5 μg/kg; positive samples are those whose levels of AFM1 ≥ LOD. The highest average amount of AFB1 was found in mustard oil cake meal (25.0 ± 4.5 μg/kg). Out of 278 samples of milk, 134 (48.2%) were found positive with AFM1, and 48 (17.3%) samples have levels of AFM1 higher than the European Union legal limit (i.e., 50 ng/L). The highest mean level of 70.5 ± 10.5 ng/L was found in raw milk of buffalo. The levels of AFM1 in milk from the urban region versus suburb region showed a significant difference (at α 0.05) except sheep milk samples, which presented a significant difference at α 0.01. Samples, 65 (64.4%) out of 140 from the urban region, and 69 (50%) from the suburb region were found positive with AFM1 in milk samples. The amount of AFB1 in animal feed and AFM1 in milk samples are comparatively high and could pose health hazards for local consumers.
Challenges of developing artificial intelligence‐assisted tools for clinical medicine
Authors: Shung Dennis L , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMachine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), is a set of computational tools that can be used to enhance provision of clinical care in all areas of medicine. Gastroenterology and hepatology utilize multiple sources of information, including visual findings on endoscopy, radiologic imaging, manometric testing, genomes, proteomes, and metabolomes. However, clinical care is complex and requires a thoughtful approach to best deploy AI tools to improve quality of care and bring value to patients and providers. On the operational level, AI‐assisted clinical management should consider logistic challenges in care delivery, data management, and algorithmic stewardship. There is still much work to be done on a broader societal level in developing ethical, regulatory, and reimbursement frameworks. A multidisciplinary approach and awareness of AI tools will create a vibrant ecosystem for using AI‐assisted tools to guide and enhance clinical practice. From optically enhanced endoscopy to clinical decision support for risk stratification, AI tools will potentially transform our practice by leveraging massive amounts of data to personalize care to the right patient, in the right amount, at the right time.
Applications of artificial intelligence in pancreatic and biliary diseases
Authors: Chen Po‐Ting , Chang Dawei , Wu Tinghui , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wang Weichung , Liao Wei‐Chih 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has increased rapidly with respect to tasks including disease detection/diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis prediction. With recent advances in computing power and algorithms, AI has shown promise in taking advantage of vast electronic health data and imaging studies to supplement clinicians. Machine learning and deep learning are the most widely used AI methodologies for medical research and have been applied in pancreatobiliary diseases for which diagnosis and treatment selection are often complicated and require joint consideration of data from multiple sources. The aim of this review is to provide a concise introduction of the major AI methodologies and the current landscape of AI research in pancreatobiliary diseases.