bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Human Sensor Framework for Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Buerkle Achim , Matharu Harveen , Al-Yacoub Ali , Lohse Niels , Bamber Thomas , Ferreira Pedro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Manufacturing challenges are increasing the demands for more agile and dexterous means of production. At the same time, these systems aim to maintain or even increase productivity. The challenges risen from these developments can be tackled through Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC). HRC requires effective task distribution according to each parties’ distinctive strengths, which is envisioned to generate synergetic effects. To enable a seamless collaboration, the human and robot require a mutual awareness, which is challenging, due to the human and robot “speaking” different languages as in analogue and digital. Thus, this challenge can be addressed by equipping the robot with a model of the human. Despite a range of models being available, data-driven models of the human are still at an early stage. This paper proposes an adaptive human sensor framework, which incorporates objective, subjective, and physiological metrics, as well as associated Machine Learning. Thus, it is envisioned to adapt to the uniqueness and dynamic nature of human behavior. To test the framework, a validation experiment was performed, including 18 participants, which aims to predict Perceived Workload during two scenarios, namely a manual and an HRC assembly task. Perceived Workloads are described to have a substantial impact on a human operator’s task performance. Throughout the experiment physiological data from an electroencephalogram (EEG), an electrocardiogram (ECG), and respiration sensor was collected and interpreted. For subjective metrics, the standardized NASA Task Load Index was used. Objective metrics included task completion time and number of errors/assistance requests. Overall, the framework revealed a promising potential towards an adaptive behavior, which is ultimately envisioned to enable a more effective HRC.
Age Related Non-Type 2 Inflammation and its Association with Treatment Outcome in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyp in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeong-Whum , Won Tae-Bin , Woo Hyunjun , Yang Seung Koo , Phannikul Chayakoen , Ko Seung Ah , Kim Hyojin , Rhee Chae-Seo , Cho Sung-Woo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of age in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). 296 patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups based on tissue eosinophilia, defined by eosinophils accounting for more than 20% of the total inflammatory cells. Patients were then further divided into younger and older groups based on the age of 35 years. Clinical characteristics including blood eosinophil, Lund Mackay score, and modified Lund-Kennedy(mLK) scores were compared. Levels of 14 cytokines from nasal tissues of an additional 58 patients were analyzed. Tissue eosinophilia was significantly associated with age, and the proportion of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP was significantly higher in younger patients as compared to older patients (79.2% vs 56.6%). There was no difference in clinical characteristics and cytokine levels between the younger and older patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. In contrast, younger patients had significantly lower preoperative blood eosinophils and higher mLK scores at three and six months, postoperatively, compared to older patients in patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin and IL-5 levels were significantly lower in younger patients than in older patients in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. This study suggests a potential association between age, non-type 2 inflammation and treatment outcome in CRSwNP.
Age Assessment Practices by Dental Practitioners in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Kihara Eunice Njeri , Karanja Simon , wanzala Peter , Wagaiyu Evelyn Gacheri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, individuals who do not possess authentic documentation of date of birth may require age assessment before accessing certain rights or facing legal consequences. The determination of age requires customization and a systematic multidisciplinary approach. Hence, professional and human rights organizations have established relevant guidelines. In Kenya, there is lack of a documented local policy on age assessment; nevertheless, the dentists working in public hospitals often receive patients for age assessment. In order to improve on local practices, there is need to investigate current age assessment procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to look at the age assessment methods in use currently.
Methods

The study design was cross-sectional. Data was collected prospectively from new patients who visited eight (8) selected public dental health facilities for age assessment during the study period 2019–2020.Patients were sampled through convenience sampling from randomly selected hospitals. Study variables included gender, estimated age and age assessment methods. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test.
Results

The study included 316 patients, 186(58.9%) males and 130(41.1%) females. The average age was 19.42 ± 12.33 years, with a range of 1.5–79 years. There were significantly (Χ2(7) = 39.883, p = 0.000) more children (248,78.5%) than adults (68,21.5%). The age was assessed through examination of presented documents, social history and review of eruption patterns. There was significant use of dental panoramic radiographs (210,66.5%) to review root formation (Χ2(7) = 164.991, p = 0.000). Unspecified tooth maturity tables were used to deduce the dental age.
Conclusion

Age assessment was mostly indicated for children aged 18 years and below. Both non-medical and medical methods were applied in age assessment though devoid of any structured processes. Observation of eruption patterns and use of dental panoramic images to assess developing teeth were utilized in most patients. The dental age was assessed through the use of unspecified tooth maturity tables. There is need for further training on application and limitations of age estimation methods as well as development of a national protocol so as to ensure equality and provision of evidence based age assessment services.
Lay Health Workers in Community-based Care and Management of Dementia: a ‘Pre’ and ‘Post’ Pilot Intervention Study in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Karungi Christine K , Wakida Edith K , Rukundo Godfrey Z , Talib Zohray M , Haberer Jessica E , Obua Celestino 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The global need for efficient and cost-effective use of healthcare resources in low-income countries has led to the introduction of lay health workers (LHWs) as a link of the community to the formal health care services, especially in remote areas. As such, the LHWs perform a variety of tasks such as patient care, education, support for care delivery, and social support across all disease types. However, little is known about their ability to support dementia care and management in the community. Purpose: The goal of the pilot intervention study was to evaluate the ability of LHWs in rural southwestern Uganda to support community-based care and management for people with dementia. Methods: This was a ‘pre’ and ‘post’ pilot intervention study which involved a qualitative assessment of LHWs’ knowledge on community-based management and care for people with dementia. The pilot intervention focused on four core competency domains in the WHO dementia toolkit. It began with a five-day training of the LHWs, followed by eight weeks of implementation of knowledge and skills gained during the training, and an evaluation of their experiences. Analysis focused on apriori themes i.e., needs assessment, early detection and management, community engagement, and support for people with dementia; as well as evaluation of the eight-weeks implementation. Results: Before the training, the LHWs did not know much about dementia and provided no dementia-specific support in the community. Activities were limited to general support, including sanitation, nutrition, and health education. After the training, LHWs had a basic understanding of dementia and began sensitizing their communities. They provided dementia-specific support, although they had challenges in differentiating the signs of early dementia from superstitious beliefs. They felt more comfortable in handling people with dementia and reported a notable change in the attitude of family members towards people with symptoms of dementia. Conclusion: Results from the pilot intervention study showed that, with enhanced capacity, LHWs may be able to support community-based management for people with dementia. A larger study is needed to confirm these findings and further assess effectiveness of the LHWs’ skills.
Winter Precipitations of Northern Part of Farming-pastoral Zone and Hulunbuir Grassland
Authors: Xia You 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In January 2018 a high record of monthly total precipitation in northern China drew our attention. This number is 4 times more than that in normal winters over the past 30 years, and its location is in northern China. Thus our research region is composed by the northern part of the farming-pastoral zone and the Hulunbuir Grassland. We target our research at understanding the phenomena and causes of such high precipitations. We explore the heavy precipitation locations, and use dynamical analyses on different pressure levels to find out the cause of the high score. We analyze wind fields, geopotential heights and relative humidity for the pressure levels of 200 hPa, 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850 hPa. We find that the location of the highest monthly total precipitation in January 2018 is on the mountain, whereas the spots of heavy precipitations during one event are not located on the mountain. Zooming in January 2018, it is the precipitation frequency that drastically increased, not the number of heavy precipitation events. The dynamical analyses show that the heavy precipitation events in January 2018 are mainly caused by appearance of cyclones either in or near the research region at high geopotential heights.
Immobilization of mercury in contaminated soils through the use of new carbon foam amendments
Authors: Janeiro-Tato Iria , Antón María Antonia López , Baragaño Diego , Antuña-Nieto Cristina , Rodriguez Elena , Pelaez Ana Isabel , Gallego José Luis , Martinez-Tarazona Maria Rosa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Mercury (Hg) is recognized as one of the 10 most toxic elements and is much more persistent in soils than in other environmental compartments. However, an effective, environmentally friendly, economical, and applicable at large-scale technology for the remediation of soils contaminated by Hg has not yet been established. This study evaluates the feasibility of a new carbon foam-based product for the remediation of three soils contaminated with Hg, and infers the mobilization or immobilization mechanism through a detailed study of Hg speciation. Results: Soil treatment with the carbon foams, one of them impregnated with goethite, reduced Hg availability by between 75 and 100%. Mercury associated to humic acid (Hg-HA) determined the proportion of mobility and availability of Hg when soils were treated with carbon foams. When the pH dropped, the structure of HA changed causing the Hg-HA to become part of the unavailable fraction of the soil along with HgS. The carbon foam impregnated with goethite did not mobilize Fe as occurred with ZVI nanoparticles. The presence of acid groups on the surface of the foam (carboxyl, quinone and phenolic groups) can bind metal cations strongly improving Fe immobilization. Conclusions: A novel carbon foam-based amendment was efficient in immobilizing Hg in all the soils studied. The carbon foam impregnated with goethite, in addition to not mobilizing Fe, had the additional advantage of its lesser effect on the electrical conductivity of the soil. This novel approach could be considered as a potential amendment for other sites contaminated with Hg and/or other metal(loid)s.
Growth Patterns of Activity of Daily Living Disability and Associated Factors Among The Chinese Elderly: A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huang Xitong , Zhang Minqiang , Fang Junyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The acceleration of population aging has brought a lot of attention to the disability among older populations, but existing results about the development patterns of disability were largely mixed. The current study aimed to identify the potential different development patterns of disability and the influential factors using a large, nationally representative sample of the Chinese elderly.
Methods
We adopted a five-wave longitudinal dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and a total of 1,654 elderly aged 65 and over were obtained. Disability was measured using the Katz index scale which graded individuals on a scale of difficulty to carry out the activities of daily living (ADL). We utilized the conditional growth mixture model (GMM) with time-invariant covariates to identify various development patterns and associated factors.
Results
Compared with those without disability (n = 1,140), individuals living with ADL disability (n = 514) were more likely to be old, female, or Han ethnic, eat more healthy food and suffer from chronic disease. Two groups with distinct developmental trajectories of ADL disability were identified among those with ADL disability, including the Slightly Increasing and the Quickly Increasing groups. People who did less housework (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12−0.90; p = 0.030), suffered from stroke (OR = 5.39, 95% CI:1.43−20.35; p = 0.013) or dementia (OR = 10.29, 95% CI: 1.01−104.44; p = 0.049) were more likely to be classified into the Quickly Increasing group.
Conclusion
There existed two development patterns of ADL disability among the Chinese elderly. Besides, doing housework could help prevent the deterioration of disability to some extent, and suffering from stroke or dementia may accelerate the deterioration of ADL ability in later years. The findings provided implications for public health interventions.
Sintering Characteristic, Structure, Microwave Dielectric Properties and Compatibility with Ag of Novel 3MgO-B2O3-xwt% Ba(CuB2)O5-ywt% H3BO3 Ceramics
Authors: WANG Haiquan , LI Shixuan , WANG Kangguo , WANG Xi , ZHANG Hailin , WU You , CHEN Xiuli , Zhou Huanfu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, 3MgO-B2O3-xwt%BCB-ywt%H3BO3 (2 ≤ x ≤ 8, 0 ≤ y ≤ 20) ceramics were sintered at the optimum temperature to form Mg3B2O6 and MgO phases. The effects of H3BO3 and BCB on product characteristics, phase transition, microstructure, and microwave properties of 3Mg-B2O3 ceramics were investigated. The intensities of diffraction peaks of two phases varied with changing the x and y values. After sintering at 950 °C, the ceramics with x = 6 and y = 15 achieved excellent microwave properties with a εr of 6.72, Q × f of 83205 GHz, and τf of −65.05 ppm/℃. Besides, the ceramic with x = 8 and y = 5 sintered at 925 ℃ also achieved good microwave dielectric properties with a εr of 6.64, Q × f of 78173 GHz, and τf of −57.27 ppm/℃. The sintering temperatures of above both ceramics are well lower than the melting point of Ag, showing promising applications in low temperature cofired ceramic devices. In particular, these two ceramics can be used as potential candidate materials for microwave ceramics for 5G technology, provided that τf can be further optimized.
Immunhistochemical Assessment of PD-L1 Expression Using Three Different Monoclonal Antibodies in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Schmidt Gilda , Guhl Margit Maria , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Hammadeh Mohammed Eid , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Endrikat Jan , Kasoha Mariz , Bohle Rainer Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: PD-L1 receptor expression in breast cancer tissue can be assessed with different anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. The performance of three specific monoclonal antibodies in a head-to-head comparison is unknown. Also, a potential correlation of PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters has not been investigated.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on tissue samples of patients with histologically confirmed triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). PD-L1 receptors were immune histochemically stained with three anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies: 22C3 and 28-8 for staining of tumor cell membranes (TC) and cytoplasm (Cyt), SP142 for immune cell staining (IC).Three different tissue samples of each patient were evaluated separately by two observers in a blinded fashion. The percentage of PD-L1 positive tumor cells in relation to the total number of tumor cells was determined. For antibodies 22C3 and 28-8 PD-L1 staining of 0 to <1% of tumor cells was rated "negative", 1 to 50% was rated "positive" and > 50% was rated "strong positive". Cyt staining was defined as “negative” when no signal was observed and as “positive”, when any positive signal was observed. For IC staining with SP142 all samples with PD-L1 expression ≥1% were rated as “positive”. Finally, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed.Results Tissue samples from 59 of 60 enrolled patients could be analyzed. Mean age was 55 years. Both the monoclonal antibodies 22C3 and 28-8 had similar properties, and were positive for both TC in 13 patients (22%) and for Cyt staining in 24 patients (40.7%). IC staining with antibody SP142 was positive in 24 patients (40.7%), who were also positive for Cyt staining. The differences between TC and Cyt staining and TC and IC staining were significant (p=0.001). Cases with positive TC staining showed higher Ki67 expression compared to those with negative staining, 40% vs 30%, respectively (p=0.05). None of the other clinico-pathological parameters showed any correlation with PDL1 expression. ConclusionAntibodies 22C3 and 28-8 can be used interchangeably for PD-L1 determination in tumor cells of TNBC patients. Results for Cyt staining with 22C3 or 28-8 and IC staining with SP142 were identical. PD-L1 expression correlates with Ki67 expression but not with OS or DFS.
Comparison of Metropolitan Cities for Mortality Rates Attributed to Ambient Air Pollution Within the Context of SDGs Using the AirQ Model
Authors: Kahraman Ahmet Cihat , Sivri Nüket 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the air pollution dynamics of the metropolitan cities of Balıkesir, Bursa, İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya and Tekirdağ in the Marmara Region, which is the geographical region with the highest urban and industrial activity in Turkey, were examined for the time period between 2016 and 2019. Annual changes in the cities in terms of air pollution, which was examined with a focus on the PM2.5 parameter as indicated by United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), differences in the cities by years, and the seasonal changes in air pollution in the cities were investigated. Additionally, mortality rates attributed to air pollution were calculated with the AirQ+ software based on integrated exposure-response function recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN using city-scale statistics of fatal disease cases that can be attributed to air pollution. It was determined that all cities in the Marmara Region study area exceeded the limit PM2,5 values specified by the European Union (EU) in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 while only Kocaeli and Tekirdağ were below the limit values in 2019. The limit values specified by the WHO were exceeded in all cities in each year. A total of 46.920 premature deaths attributed to the exceedance of WHO limit values were calculated for the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 with 11.895, 13.853, 11.748 and 9.429, respectively.Determining national limit values for the PM2.5 parameter, which is among the most important factors of air pollution, and monitoring it in a sustainable manner using a sufficient number of well-equipped stations is of great importance. This way, national, regional and urban action plans regarding the impact of air pollution on human health, as indicated by UN SDGs, can be prepared.
Mind-Shift: An Method for Power and Energy Reduction inApplication Mapping onto Network-o-Chip architectures
Authors: asadi yasin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Network-on-chip (NoC) is an efficient interconnection designing method for solving the limitations of buses in connecting IP cores. Power consumption is one of the most important issues in this area, solving this problem can lead to a more reliable and efficient design of NoC. Besides, there is another problem which is the More’s law is reaching an end. In this paper, we used a new approach, which improves designing points, so we can design NoC architecture more efficiently based on previous designs. Briefly, this method adds one step before the overall change of architecture which tests if the current design can be improved if we change some internal characteristics. For validation, we applied this method by using wire NoC, and changing its bottlenecks, and make them more efficient by using mapping and adding antennas for wireless communication. While this method seems simple at the first sight, but the result can help many designing, which are vital for industries, and technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Briefly, this method can be used in NoC architectures and make them more efficient in a new style for new purposes. The results compared with the basic designing method with the new improved method; power and Energy improvements are respectively 25% and 46% with mapping and wireless improvements and approximately 60% more than traditional NoC in comparison with the basic method in this approach. This method also paves the way for green computing by avoiding producing more chemicals and products from a reusability perspective.
KAŞKAY TÜRKÇESİNDE -(y)AsI GELECEK ZAMAN EKİNİN KULLANIM ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KİPLİK ANLAMLARI
Authors: DOĞAN Talip 
Published: August 2021

Tarihsel Türk dili alanında -(y)AsI (< -GA(y)sUG) eki, Eski Oğuz Türkçesinde karakteristikleşmiştir. Eski Oğuz Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki, genellikle sıfat-fiil eki olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu dönemin metinlerinde -(y)AsI ekine kimi zaman çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde de yer verilmiştir. -(y)AsI eki bugün Oğuzcanın bir üyesi olan Kaşkay Türkçesinde (Güney Oğuzcada) işlek olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde kullanılmaktadır. -(y)AsI, sıfat-fiil eki işleviyle kalıplaşmış ifadeler dışında kalmamış durumdadır. Bunun temel sebebi Kaşkay Türkçesinin Farsçayla etkileşimidir. Türkçenin fiilimsili yapıları, Farsçada yan cümlelerle karşılanmaktadır. Farsçanın bu özelliğinin sonucu olarak Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI ekli sıfat-fiiller kullanımdan çekilmiştir.
Kaşkay Türkçesinde çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde -(y)AsI ekinden sonra tarihsel gelişime de uygun olmak suretiyle çoğunlukla iyelik kökenli şahıs ekleri kullanılmaktadır. Bununla beraber çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde -(y)AsI ekine zamir kökenli şahıs ekleri de getirilmektedir. -(y)AsI’nın ikinci çekim tablosu zamir kökenli şahıs eklerinden örnekseme yoluyla ortaya çıkmıştır.
Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI, gelecek zaman eki olmasından dolayı doğası gereği birtakım kiplik anlamların ifadesinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu açıdan -(y)AsI’nın çoğu zaman kiplik anlamları işaretleyen bir ek özelliğinde olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Cümlelerde -(y)AsI’nın eş dizimli olduğu ekler, yer aldığı sözdizimsel yapılar ve kodladığı anlamlar bu olguyu doğrulamaktadır.
Diğer taraftan Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki geniş zaman işlevinde başka bir deyişle odaksıllık içermeyen ve her zaman gerçekleşen olayların aktarımında da kullanılmıştır.