bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐predictive control‐based hybrid optimized load frequency control of multi‐area power systems
Authors: MV Mahendran , V Vijayan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is distinguished that there should be a balance between power generation and load demand, thereby maintaining the frequency and tie‐line power of the multi‐source multi‐area interconnected power system (MS‐MA‐IPS) in a determined limit to safeguard the entire system from failure. Hence, load frequency control (LFC) by adjusting the megawatt output of generators is applied, which has been considered as the most recent research work in this field. Under these circumstances, this paper intends to construct a dual‐mode‐switch‐controller‐based LFC in a multi‐area power system, which obviously considers the impact of incremental control action along with the system dynamic constraints such as capacitive energy storage, generation rate constraint, and governor with dead band. In order to achieve this effect, in this research work, the operations of the proposed controller of the MS‐MA‐IPS are based on the dual‐mode switch, and here, switching is carried out with respect to a threshold value . Based on switching, the control varies between proportional–integral (PI) control and model‐predictive control. Moreover, in order to make the performance elegant, the proportional gain of the PI controller and the threshold of the switch are optimally tuned by introducing a novel optimisation algorithm referred to as particle updated dragonfly algorithm, which is the conceptual hybridisation of the traditional dragonfly algorithm and particle swarm optimisation. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated by varying the control parameters such as , , , and to minimize the undesired deviations in power flows between control areas.
Form Deconstruction of Chinese Contemporary Landscape Architecture-Take the Design of Wuhan University of Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park as an Example
Authors: Zou Zhe , Gan Ting , Yi Xiduo 
Published: February 2021

There are several differences in architectural forms and cultural systems between the east and the west, which are attributed to different traditional philosophical ontologies. China takes "Tao" as its ideological basis emphasizes: "Nothing". Chinese fundamental principles are deeply related to philosophy and metaphysics. Traditional culture pursues spiritual connotations. Inversely, the west regards "Logos" as the origin of the world. This emphasizes the "being", with fundamental principles based in geometry, mathematics and science. The west has established a scientific spatial consciousness since the beginning of the Renaissance. It is based on mathematical relations and geometric principles, and focused on the pursuit of matter. "Logos" is an important aspect of Western philosophy, meaning that the “center”, the “source” or the “truth”, is a transcendental "presence." Pythagorean's mathematical theory and Plato's "rational" thinking are ultimately a variant of "Logos". The external imitation of nature in western classical gardens aims to explore the essence of nature. The separation of subject and object as the fundamental formula of Western philosophical epistemology has made mankind dominating nature for a long time. It leads to the deterioration of our living environment. Deconstructive philosophical thought is the subversion and criticism of the "Logos centralism" since ancient Greece. It eliminates the sense of "center" and the "subject-object dichotomy", which is the process of transforming "being" to "nothing". "Anthropocentrism" is disintegrated, when people and nature re-entered in an equal dialogue and symbiosis. Therefore, the symbiotic relationship between man and nature has been reshaped by the spirit of deconstruction. This is highly compatible with the ideological concept of "harmony between man and nature". The cultural spirit of harmony is precious in Chinese traditional philosophy.
Taking the design project of the Innovation Pioneer Park of Wuhan University of Technology as a casestudy, this paper analyses the morphological deconstruction characteristics and their cultural connotation to contemporary Chinese courtyard spaces. It explores a design language and method that breaks through the traditional thinking paradigm, bridging it to characteristics of a particular era as well as the aesthetic appeal. This is not a universal design paradigm, but an exploratory series of philosophical speculative processes, which in turn can inform a dynamic and sustainable development. It shows ideological essence of reminiscent of culture and spirit of the traditional Chinese landscape. Contemporary people’s world views should be manifest. By doing so, it becomes a conceptual, radiant and pioneering Chinese cultural spiritual symbol in a chaotic contemporary society.
40 Jahre AIDS: Die Geschichte einer Krankheit
Authors: Jüttemann A. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungVor 40 Jahren, im Frühjahr 1981, wurde das erste Mal vom US-amerikanischen Center for Disease Control and Prevention über eine neue Krankheit berichtet. Bei den Betroffenen fielen 2 parallele Syndrome auf: das sog. „Kaposi-Sarkom“ und die Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonie. Zunächst waren hauptsächlich Männer betroffen, die Sex mit Männern hatten. Die Erkrankung bezeichnete man zunächst als „Gay Related Immunodeficiency“, sie wurde aber in „Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome“ (AIDS) umbenannt, als sie gesamtgesellschaftlich relevant wurde. Ab 1983 konnte die mysteriöse Seuche auf das von Montagnier und Gallo entdeckte HI-Virus zurückgeführt werden. Zur unterschiedlichen Situation in BRD und DDR und zur öffentlichen Wahrnehmung von AIDS in den 1980er-Jahren wurden vom Autor 2 bekannte Dermatologen (aus Ost- und Westberlin) interviewt. In der öffentlichen Medienwahrnehmung blieb die Krankheit bis heute eher eine Randgruppenkrankheit. Heute, nach 40 Jahren, ist AIDS behandelbar geworden. Es sind aber immer noch nicht alle Stigmatisierungen aufgehoben und Einschränkungen lassen sich z. B. noch in den Regularien zur Blutspende finden.
Refluxsymptomatik – kein Unterschied in Ausprägung und Schweregrad bei Patienten mit und ohne funktionell bewiesene gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung
Authors: Grechenig Michael , Gruber Ricarda , Weitzendorfer Michael , von Rahden Burkhard H. A. , Widmann Bernhard , Emmanuel Klaus , Koch Oliver 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit gastroösophagealem Reflux (GERD) leiden oft sehr unter der Symptomatik. Im Rahmen unserer Studie galt es deshalb herauszufinden, ob sich die Lebensqualität und die Symptome bei Patienten mit objektiv nachgewiesener GERD von Patienten ohne funktionell bewiesenes Korrelat unterscheidet.
Material und Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten mit typischer Refluxsymptomatik, die 2017 an unserer Abteilung für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie hinsichtlich des Vorliegens einer GERD abgeklärt wurden. Alle Patienten erhielten eine hochauflösende Manometrie, 24-h-Impedanz-pH-Metrie und eine Gastroskopie. Die Lebensqualität wurde mittels Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) und die gastrointestinale Symptomatik mittels einer Symptomcheckliste (SCL) evaluiert. Mittels SCL wurde die Schwere und Intensität von 14 verschiedenen Symptomen eruiert. Basierend auf den Resultaten der 24-h-pH-Impedanzmessung wurden die Patienten in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt – Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Refluxerkrankung und Patienten mit rein funktioneller Symptomatik ohne organisches Korrelat. Diese Gruppen wurden miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Ein vollständiger Datensatz war bei 162 Patienten verfügbar, wovon 86 Patienten (52,2%) objektiv an Reflux erkrankt waren (DeMeester-Mittelwert: 37,85; SD ± 29,11) und 76 Patienten (46,1%) einen unauffälligen DeMeester-Score (Mittelwert: 7,01; SD ± 4,09) aufwiesen. Zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Lebensqualität gefunden werden (Mittelwert GIQLI von GERD-Patienten: 94,81; SD ± 22,40; Mittelwert GIQLI von Patienten mit rein funktionellen Symptomen: 95,26; SD ± 20,33; p = 0,988). Außerdem konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Symptomwahrnehmung der Patienten gefunden werden (Mittelwert SCL-Score von Refluxpatienten: 46,97; SD ± 29,23; Mittelwert SCL-Score bei Patienten mit rein funktioneller Symptomatik 48,03; SD ± 29,17; p = 0,827).
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit funktionellen Refluxbeschwerden unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich des Leidensdrucks nicht von Patienten mit objektiv bewiesener Refluxerkrankung. Eine Differenzierung zwischen gastroösophagealer Refluxerkrankung und funktionellen Refluxsymptomen ist nur mittels Funktionsdiagnostik möglich.
Ungewöhnliche Ursache einer Hyperkalzämie in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Mehl Lisa , Schrader Jörg , Winterberg Torsten , Daniels Thies , Gross Andreas , Weidner Ulrike , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Lock Guntram 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der Schwangerschaft diagnostizierte neuroendokrine Tumoren (NET) sind eine absolute Rarität. Die vorliegende Kasuistik beschreibt Diagnostik und Therapie eines im 2. Trimenon symptomatisch gewordenen metastasierten NET des Pankreas.
Fallbeschreibung Eine 33-jährige Patientin stellte sich in der 19. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) mit persistierender Diarrhoe in der Notaufnahme vor. Laborchemisch fiel eine ausgeprägte Hyperkalzämie (3,53 mmol/l) auf. In der Bildgebung fand sich eine Raumforderung im Bereich des Pankreaskorpus/-schwanzes mit ausgedehnter Lebermetastasierung. Histologisch zeigte sich ein NET (G2, SSTR-positiv) mit einer paraneoplastischen Parathormon-related-Peptide-Sekretion als Ursache der Hyperkalzämie. Unter einer Therapie mit Octreotid normalisierte sich das Kalzium, die Diarrhoe sistierte. Nach Geburt eines gesunden Kindes (32. SSW per sectio) fand sich ein Progress; der Pankreastumor wurde komplett entfernt, die Leberfiliae so weit wie möglich. In einem postoperativen CT zeigten sich verbliebene metastasensuspekte Läsionen, eine palliative Therapie mit Lanreotid wurde eingeleitet. Darunter ist die Patientin seit einem Jahr symptomfrei, das Serumkalzium blieb normwertig. Das Kind entwickelte sich unauffällig.
Diskussion Dieser ungewöhnliche Fall zeigt, dass es auch bei ausgedehnt metastasierten symptomatischen NETs in der Schwangerschaft weitreichende diagnostische und therapeutische Optionen geben kann, die in enger interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit unter sorgfältiger Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung für Mutter und Kind eine Fortführung der Schwangerschaft erlauben.
2-Pyridyl Sulfoxide Directed Pd(II)-Catalyzed C–H Olefination of Arenes with Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant
Authors: Bhanuchandra M. , Yadav Mamta , Jat Ram Singh , Sarma Bibek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPd(II)-catalyzed C–H olefination of aryl 2-pyridyl sulfoxides with unactivated and activated olefins has been demonstrated. We employed environmentally benign and inexpensive molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. The versatile nature of the 2-pyridyl sulfoxide directing group has been proven by its transformation to the sulfone functionality. Deuterium scrambling experiments and intramolecular kinetic isotopic studies were carried out to gain insights into the reaction pathway.
Synthetic Applications and Computational Perspectives on Eosin Y Induced Direct HAT Process
Authors: Foley Jonathan J. , Xing Yalan , Inoa Joan , Dominici Grecia , Eldabagh Reem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, advancements in photocatalysis have allowed for a plethora of chemical transformations under milder conditions. Many of these photochemical reactions utilize hydrogen atom transfer processes to obtain desired products. Hydrogen atom transfer processes can follow one of two unique pathways: the first, a direct path and the second, an indirect path. In this paper, we highlight the ability of eosin Y to act as a direct hydrogen atom transfer catalyst from both synthetic and computational chemistry perspectives.
A global phylogeny of turtles reveals a burst of climate-associated diversification on continental margins
Authors: Thomson Robert C. , Spinks Phillip Q. , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceBiodiversity is unevenly distributed across the tree of life. Understanding the factors that led to this unevenness can illuminate how macroevolutionary processes have interacted with changing global environments to shape patterns of biodiversity. By developing a comprehensive phylogeny for extant turtles and analyzing the diversification dynamics of the group, we show that species-level diversity is strongly associated with historical climate shifts. Our findings indicate that newly exposed continental margins created during a period of cooling and drying are important evolutionary cradles for turtle speciation, explain why turtle biodiversity is orders of magnitude more depauperate than the remaining major lineages of amniotes, and reconcile the seemingly contradictory insights that fossils and extant species suggest into a single picture of evolutionary diversification.
Placental genomic risk scores and early neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Ursini Gianluca , Punzi Giovanna , Langworthy Benjamin W. , Chen Qiang , Xia Kai , Cornea Emil A. , Goldman Barbara D. , Styner Martin A. , Knickmeyer Rebecca C. , Gilmore John H. , Weinberger Daniel R. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Environmental and genetic risk factors, and the early antecedents of schizophrenia, represent pieces of a puzzle still far from completion. We show that, in infants with a history of prenatal complications, a measure of genomic risk for schizophrenia linked with placental gene expression is associated with early neurodevelopmental trajectories of risk, particularly in male individuals. While the majority of individuals on this altered neurodevelopmental path likely “canalize” back toward normal development, some may not be rescued and instead “decanalize” toward illness. Specific strategies of prevention may benefit from understanding the unique placental effects of schizophrenia genomic risk and from defining which factors contribute to decanalize the neurodevelopmental trajectories of individuals with a history of risk factors who develop schizophrenia.
Measurement of the density and rotational temperature of OH in a saturated water vapor slot-excited microwave plasma
Authors: Inoue Itsuki , Aizawa Takeshi , Ishijima Tatsuo , Ono Ryo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
OH density and rotational temperature were measured in a saturated water vapor slot-excited microwave plasma using spatio-temporally resolved laser-induced fluorescence. The microwave power was 20–100 W under continuous wave mode, whereas 40–200 W peak under pulse-modulated mode (30% duty cycle, 100 Hz). The water vapor pressure was 2.3 kPa. An approximately 2 mm thick flat-shaped plasma was generated on the surface of a slot antenna. The OH density and rotational temperature in the plasma ranged from 1 × 1014 cm−3 to 1 × 1015 cm−3 and from 1100 K to 3000 K, respectively. OH was produced via various routes originating from electron collisions (e + H2O) and was primarily lost through recombination (OH+OH → H2O+O) and diffusion. The production rate (k

p
) of OH per H2O molecule, which was calculated based on a simplified reaction model using the measured OH density and temperature, showed a relation of

k
p

/

[

H

2

O

]
∝

P

1.8

, where P represents the microwave power. This relationship implies a two-step production process of OH via the vibrational excitation of H2O. Although the OH density increased with increasing microwave power, the density became saturated at high power values.
Evolution of local structure and superconductivity in CaFe2As2
Authors: Pandeya Ram Prakash , Pramanik Arindam , Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Mondal Rajib , Yadav A K , Jha S N , Thamizhavel A , Maiti Kalobaran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the evolution of the local structural parameters and their implication in unconventional superconductivity of 122 class of materials employing extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies. The spectral functions near the Fe K- and As K-absorption edges of CaFe2As2 and its superconducting composition, CaFe1.9Co0.1As2 (T
c = 12 K) exhibit evidence of enhancement of Fe contributions near the Fermi level with Co substitution, which becomes more prominent at low temperatures indicating enhanced role of Fe in the electronic properties with doping. As–Fe and Fe–Fe bondlengths derived from the experimental data reveal evolution with temperature across the magneto-structural transition in the parent compound. The evolution of these parameters in Co-doped superconducting composition is similar to its parent compound although no magneto-structural transition is observed in this system. These results reveal an evidence of doping induced evolution to the proximity to critical behavior and/or strong nematic fluctuations which might be important for superconductivity in this system.
Fault diagnosis of a rolling bearing based on the wavelet packet transform and a deep residual network with lightweight multi-branch structure
Authors: Xiong Shoucong , Zhou Hongdi , He Shuai , Zhang Leilei , Shi Tielin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Deep residual networks (DRNs) are a state-of-the-art deep learning model used in the data-driven fault diagnosis field. Their especially deep architectures give them sufficient capacity to deal with very complex diagnosis issues. However, a neural network with excellent performance usually requires hundreds of thousands of parameters, which is unaffordable for use in current industrial machines due to their limited computational resources. To enable practical applications for fault diagnosis, developing deep learning methods that can perform powerfully and have an economical computational burden is necessary. This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on the wavelet packet transform (WPT) and a lightweight variant of DRN called a multi-branch deep residual network (MB-DRN) in order to resolve the above issues. WPT is utilized to map raw signals into the time-frequency domain, from which the MB-DRN can extract a set of robust features more easily. Additionally, MB-DRN builds several small-sized convolutional layer branches in each building block to increase the network non-linearity, the construction of layer branches can be achieved freely and this design strategy largely saves the parameter usage while approaching a stronger model’s capacity. Two rolling bearing datasets with variable operating conditions were conducted on the proposed method to validate performance. The results verify the necessity of the WPT-based data processing method and show that MB-DRN can outperform the accuracies of standard DRN with only one quarter of the parameter amount, revealing the significant potential of the proposed method for realistic industrial fault diagnosis applications.
Improved responsivity of MgZnO film ultraviolet photodetectors modified with vertical arrays ZnO nanowires by light trapping effect
Authors: Fei Xiaomiao , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man , Deng Rui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The light trapping effect of ZnO nanowires (NWs) is attracting increasing attention as it effectively enhances the photoelectric effect. In this paper, high-density ZnO NWs are grown on a metal–semiconductor–metal structure MgZnO film UV photodetector (PD) as a light trapping unit. The photogenerated carriers diffuse along the longitudinal axis of the ZnO NWs, then diffuse onto the thin film and are collected by an applied bias electrode. When the device is connected to the NWs, the responsivity is about 12 times higher than that of the pure MgZnO film UV PD with a large light-dark current ratio (4.93 × 104). The array structure of the ZnO NWs enhances the number of photogenerated carriers at the top interface and provides a longer optical path length and a larger surface area. The resulting light trapping effect endows the device with excellent photoelectric properties. In this work, the introduction of NWs not only fundamentally improves the performance of the MgZnO thin film UV PD, but the resulting photodetector also demonstrates a sharp contrast between light trapping UV PD and the MgZnO thin film UV PD.
Silver decorated 2D nanosheets of GO and MoS2 serve as nanocatalyst for water treatment and antimicrobial applications as ascertained with molecular docking evaluation
Authors: Qumar U , Hassan J , Naz S , Haider A , Raza A , Ul-Hamid A , Haider J , Shahzadi I , Ahmad I , Ikram M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was realized through a modified Hummers route. Different concentrations (5 and 10 wt%) of Ag were doped in MoS2 and rGO using a hydrothermal technique. Synthesized Ag-MoS2 and Ag-rGO were evaluated through XRD that confirmed the hexagonal structure of MoS2 along with the transformation of GO to Ag-rGO as indicated by a shift in XRD peaks while Mo–O bonding and S=O functional groups were confirmed with FTIR. Morphological information of GO and formation of MoS2 nanopetals as well as interlayer spacing were verified through FESEM and HRTEM respectively. Raman analysis was employed to probe any evidence regarding defect densities of GO. Optical properties of GO, MoS2, Ag-rGO, and Ag-MoS2 were visualized through UV–vis and PL spectroscopy. Prepared products were employed as nanocatalysts to purify industrial wastewater. Experimental results revealed that Ag-rGO and Ag-MoS2 showed 99% and 80% response in photocatalytic activity. Besides, the nanocatalyst (Ag-MoS2 and Ag-rGO) exhibited 6.05 mm inhibition zones against S. aureus gram positive (G+) and 3.05 mm for E. coli gram negative (G-) in antibacterial activity. To rationalize biocidal mechanism of Ag-doped MoS2 NPs and Ag-rGO, in silico molecular docking study was employed for two enzymes i.e. β-lactamase and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase B (ddlB) from cell wall biosynthetic pathway and enoyl-[acylcarrier-protein] reductase (FabI) from fatty acid biosynthetic pathway belonging to S. aureus. The present study provides evidence for the development of cost-effective, environment friendly and viable candidate for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications.
Estimation of heavy tails in optical non-linear processes
Authors: Rácz Éva , Ruppert László , Filip Radim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In optical non-linear processes, rogue waves can be observed, which can be mathematically described by heavy-tailed distributions. These distributions are special since the probability of registering extremely high intensities is significantly higher than for the exponential distribution, which is most commonly observed in statistical and quantum optics. Our work provides a practical overview of the generic statistics toolkit concerning heavy-tailed distributions and proposes methods to deal with issues specific to non-linear optics. We take a closer look at supercontinuum generation, where rogue waves were already observed. We propose modifications to the Hill estimator to deal with detector saturation as well as corrections introduced by pumping the process by bright squeezed vacuum. The suggested methodology facilitates statistically reliable observation of heavy-tailed distribution in non-linear optics, nano-optics, atomic, solid-state processes, and optomechanics.