bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not the age but education and vitamins a secret to good auditory memory and attention
Authors: Agrawal Deepashri , Menon Meenakshi , Narayanasamy Rajitha , Malo Palash K , Lingegodwa Abhishek Mensegere , R Meghana , Vishwanath Vindhya , Mallikarjun Divya N , M Amitha C , Velavarajan Goutham , Partha Ajith , Arvind Prathima , Hameed Shafeeq K Shahul , HS Sunitha , Singh Sadhana , Stezin Albert , Sundarakumar Jonas S. , Issac Thomas Gregor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAuditory attention and memory are the understudied aspects of cognition. Poor performance on cognitive tasks is assumed to be due to peripheral hearing loss, which is not always the case. Auditory processing issues may affect the auditory recall and attention tasks even though the hearing and cognition are normal. Education and nutrition influence cognitive function, including auditory attention and memory. Education provides individuals with strategies essential for effective auditory processing, while nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting brain health and optimal cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between education, nutrition, and auditory cognition in adults, especially when the peripheral hearing and CDR scores are normal.MethodEducational backgrounds were assessed based on years of schooling and academic achievements, nutritional status was evaluated through blood sample biochemistry. The hearing is assessed through a handheld audiometer, and cognition through a CDR score. Auditory attention and memory through standardized cognitive tests, immediate and delayed recall and Digit span forward and backwards.ResultThe results revealed that education played a very significant role in our study. Subject with postgraduate and above education levels performed better compared to primary education level on auditory attention (B(S.E.) = ‐0.49 (0.19), p < 0.01), Logical memory‐ immediate (B(S.E) = ‐3.93 (0.85), p<0.001) and delayed recall (B (S.E) = ‐4.5 (0.86), p<0.001) tasks and Digit Span forward (‐1.2 (0.35), p<0.01) and digit span backward tasks (B (S.E) = ‐0.98 (0.27), p<0.001). Additionally, older individuals with Vitamin D insufficiency (B (S.E.) = ‐0.44 (0.2), p < 0.05) and Vitamin B12 deficiency exhibited poorer auditory attention, Immediate memory (B (S.E.) = ‐7.2 (2.90), p < 0.05) and delayed memory (B (S.E.) = ‐6.3 (2.91), p < 0.05) performance, respectively.ConclusionThis study highlights the role of auditory processing and importance of good education and proper nutrition in supporting auditory cognition. Investing in quality education and promoting healthy dietary habits, including adequate intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12, can contribute to better outcomes, particularly in the domain of auditory cognition. These findings underscore the need for proper hearing assessments, diet, and education for comprehensive interventions to optimize cognitive functions.
TER‐Ox: Simultaneous Monitoring of Epithelial Barrier Function (TER) and Mitochondrial Respiration (Ox)
Authors: Naber Tobias , Winter Katharina , Wegener Joachim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEpithelial barrier function and cellular respiration are key cellular phenotypes in health and disease and as such involved in the progression of many pathological disorders. Accordingly, the molecular drivers are targeted extensively in drug development using appropriate disease models in vitro. So far, quantification of barrier function and metabolic respiration had to be conducted in individual phenotypic assays, making it impossible to track changes simultaneously in a single cell layer over longer periods. We have developed an assay platform that allows for simultaneous monitoring of both, the epithelial barrier function and metabolic activity of cell layers cultured on permeable substrates label‐free and non‐invasively. Therefore, we designed a stainless‐steel measurement chamber capable of combining impedance spectroscopy and ratiometric fluorescence‐based oxygen mapping. In this platform, the barrier function is quantified as the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) while the respiratory activity is expressed as the apparent oxygen consumption rate (AOCR) yielding the name TER‐Ox for the combined setup. We validated the TER‐Ox system by studying the epithelial cell lines MDCK‐I, MDCK‐II, and A549, covering a wide range of barrier tightness. Results of the combined TER‐Ox setup were compared to established but individual readouts of barrier function (cellZscope®) and oxygen consumption (VisiSens TD®). Also, we show that differences in both parameters are readily monitored while treating cell layers with modulators affecting the electron transport chain (Antimycin A and malonoben) or barrier integrity (Cytochalasin D).
Functional Carbon Interlayer with Indium Oxide‐Rich Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ma Ting , Xiao Yibo , Lv Xiaoxia , Yue Haixia , Huang Yaxin , Li Xin , He Na , Zhan Changzhen , Bai Yu , Nan Ding 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are gaining a lot of attention from researchers due to their high energy density, high theoretical specific capacity, and low raw material prices. Nevertheless, the dissolution and diffusion of certain polysulfides during charge and discharge cycles result in a shuttle effect, while reduced sulfur utilization remains a barrier to their commercial viability. In this study, we propose the use of carbon nanofibers enriched with indium oxide nanoparticles (be called In2O3@CNF) as a functional interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries. The interlayer of this innovation serves a dual purpose. Indium oxide nanoparticles can adsorb polysulfide to inhibit the shuttle effect, and accelerate the catalytic transformation of polysulfide to enhance the reaction kinetics. As a result, the electrochemical performance of the battery with the In2O3@CNF interlayer exhibited remarkable improvements. The initial discharge capacity was 1187 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and the capacity retention was 77.5 % after 100 cycles. Furthermore, even at a higher current density of 1 C, the battery demonstrated a substantial initial capacity of 997 mAh g−1, maintaining a capacity retention of 589 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles. Notably, the battery exhibited stable Coulombic efficiency (CE) and minimal single‐cycle capacity decay (0.1 %).
Ensemble‐based soil liquefaction assessment: Leveraging CPT data for enhanced predictions
Authors: Moayedi Far Arsham , Zare Masoud 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study focuses on predicting soil liquefaction, a critical phenomenon that can significantly impact the stability and safety of structures during seismic events. Accurate liquefaction assessment is vital for geotechnical engineering, as it informs the design and mitigation strategies needed to safeguard infrastructure and reduce the risk of catastrophic failures. To enhance the accuracy of classification problems associated with liquefaction, we employ ensemble methods, leveraging diverse machine learning techniques such as support vector machines, stochastic gradient descent, multi‐layer perceptron neural networks, K‐nearest neighbors, and decision trees. The research encompasses data exploration and a subsequent division for performance assessment, followed by hyperparameter tuning through GridSearchCV to optimize model effectiveness. Among the ensemble methods employed, AdaBoost stands out as the most accurate, achieving precision of 85%, recall of 84%, F1 score of 83%, Jaccard index of 72%, and overall accuracy of 84%. However, K‐nearest neighbors and decision trees exhibit higher false negative values compared to other methods. Notably, both ensemble approaches provide acceptable estimations, with false negative values ranging from 0 to 1 and false positive values between 7 and 10. The decision tree, while predicting the lowest false positive rate, has a higher false negative count, rendering it less favorable for practical applications.
Ultra‐high‐flux passive cooling enabled by a sweating‐inspired hygroscopic membrane
Authors: Sui Zengguang , Li Fuxiang , Sui Yunren , Lin Haosheng , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPassive thermal management in electronics has disadvantages of low efficiency and high cost. Herein, experimental and numerical studies on the geometric optimization of a hygroscopic‐membrane heat sink (HMHS) are conducted. The HMHS is based on water evaporation from a membrane‐encapsulated hygroscopic salt solution, in which pin fins are used for thermal conductivity enhancement. A comprehensive heat and mass transfer model is developed and validated. To obtain the HMHS configuration with the maximum cooling performance, an approach that couples the Taguchi method with numerical simulations is utilized. The contribution ratio of each design factor is determined. Experimentally validated results demonstrate that the maximum temperature reduction provided by the HMHS can be further improved from 15.5°C to 17.8°C after optimization, achieving a temperature reduction of up to 21°C at a fixed heat flux of 25 kW/m2 when compared with a similarly sized fin heat sink. Remarkably, the optimized HMHS extends the effective cooling time by ∼343% compared with traditional phase‐change materials, achieving a maximum temperature reduction ranging from 7.0°C to 20.4°C. Meanwhile, the effective heat transfer coefficient achieved is comparable with that of forced liquid cooling. Our findings suggest that the proposed cooling approach provides a new pathway for intermittent thermal management, which is expected to be used for thermal regulation of electronics, batteries, photovoltaic panels, and LED lights.
“Similar stacking”‐inspired compressive strain of heterogeneous phosphide for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Tianyi , Jiao Dongxu , Fan Jinchang , Dong Yilong , Jin Zhaoyong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Wei , Zhao Jingxiang , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStrain effects have garnered significant attention in catalytic applications due to their ability to modulate the electronic structure and surface adsorption properties of catalysts. In this study, we propose a novel approach called “similar stacking” for stress modulation, achieved through the loading of Co2P on Ni2P (Ni2P/Co2P). Theoretical simulations reveal that the compressive strain induced by Co2P influences orbital overlap and electron transfer with hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, the number of stacked layers can be adjusted by varying the precursor soaking time, which further modulates the strain range and hydrogen adsorption. Under a 2‐h soaking condition, the strain effect proves favorable for efficient hydrogen production. Experimental characterizations using X‐ray diffraction, high‐angel annular dark‐field scanning transmission election microscope (HAADF‐STEM), and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy successfully demonstrate lattice contraction of Co2P and bond length shortening of Co–P. Remarkably, our catalyst shows an ultrahigh current density of 1 A cm−2 at an overpotential of only 388 mV, surpassing that of commercial Pt/C, while maintaining long‐term stability. This material design strategy of similar stacking opens up new avenues of strain modulation and the deeper development of electrocatalysts.
Stereospecific Radical Bromination of β‐Aryl Alcohols with Thiourea Additives Through A Serendipitous Discovery of A 1,2‐Aryl Migration
Authors: Assy Habib , Mishra Uttam K. , Rösler Tom , Khurana Raman , Lemcoff N. Gabriel , Reany Ofer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of new protocols for stereospecific and stereoselective halogenation transformations by mild reaction conditions is a highly desirable research target for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Following the straightforward methodology for directly transforming a wide scope of alcohols to alkyl bromides and chlorides using substoichiometric amounts of thioureas and N‐halo succinimides (NXS) as a halogen source in a single step, we noticed that in apolar solvents bromination of chiral secondary alcohols did not produce the expected racemates. In this study, the stereochemical aspects of the bromination reaction were examined. Surprisingly, bromination of (±)‐threo‐ or (±)‐erythro‐3‐phenyl‐2‐butanols revealed a single diastereomeric brominated product with retention of configuration. The scope of these reactions was expanded on several β‐aryl alcohols. During these studies, an unexpected stereospecific 1,2‐migration of the phenyl group was shown to take place. The proposed mechanism of the 1,2‐phenyl migration involves the formation of a spiro[2,5]octadienyl radical, which is then attacked by a bromide radical at any of the two cyclopropyl positions anti to the phenyl position, leading to products that retain the stereoisomeric configuration of the starting material.
Catalyst‐Free Photooxidative N‐Acylation of Azoles with Aldehydes
Authors: Gong Nianfeng , Zhao Zelin , James Young David , Cao Xiangqian , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hong‐Xi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA catalyst‐free photochemical N‐acylation of azoles with aldehydes has been developed using inexpensive BrCCl3 as the oxidant. This transition‐metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free amidation proceeded efficiently with a wide variety of substrates to give the corresponding N‐acylazoles, including for the late modification of pharmaceutically active molecules, and on a gram‐scale.
Beyond the Toll‐Like Receptor 4. Structure‐Dependent Lipopolysaccharide Recognition Systems: How far are we?
Authors: De Chiara Stefania , De Simone Carone Luca , Cirella Roberta , Andretta Emanuela , Silipo Alba , Molinaro Antonio , Mercogliano Marcello , Di Lorenzo Flaviana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith an enormous potential in immunology and vaccinology, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are among the most extensively studied bacteria‐derived molecules. LPS centered studies are countless, and their results reverberate in all areas of the life sciences, including chemistry, biology, genetics, biophysics, and medicine. Most of these research activities are focused on the LPS‐induced immune response activation by means of Myeloid Differentiation protein‐2/Toll Like Receptor 4 (MD‐2/TLR4) complex, which currently is the most largely explored LPS sensing pathway. However, the enormous structural variability of LPS allows interactions with numerous other receptors involved in a wide range of equally important immunological scenarios. In this review, we explore these additional LPS recognition systems, which operate within interconnected signaling cascades, highlighting their role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and their involvement in the development of severe human diseases. Understanding these pathways, their interconnections, and the crosstalk between them and TLR4/MD‐2 is essential for guiding the development of pharmacologically active molecules that could specifically modulate the inflammatory response, paving the way to new strategies for combating immune‐mediated diseases and resistant infections.
Advanced Alkali Metal Batteries Based on MOFs and Their Composites
Authors: Li Wenting , Li Chengze , Guo Jin , Jiang Tianhao , Kang Wei , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integration of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with functional materials has established a versatile platform for a wide range of energy storage applications. Due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and tunable structural properties, MOFs hold significant promise as components in energy storage systems, including electrodes, electrolytes, and separators for alkali metal‐ion batteries (AIBs). Although lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used, their commercial graphite anode materials are nearing their theoretical capacity limits, and the scarcity of lithium and cobalt resources increases costs. Although zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) suffer from limited cycling stability, they are attractive for their low cost, high capacity, and excellent safety. Meanwhile, potassium‐ion (PIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show promise due to their affordability and abundant resources, but they encounter issues such as short cycle life and low energy density. This review outlines the applications of MOF composites in LIBs, SIBs, and ZIBs, introduces common synthesis methods, and forecasts future development directions and challenges in energy storage applications. We emphasize how the understanding can lay the foundation for developing MOF composites with enhanced functionalities.
A High‐Efficiency Codesign Method for Bandgap Circuit by Submodule Optimization
Authors: Yang Yunqi , Chen Dongdong , Wang Xianglong , Li Di , Yang Yintang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a high‐efficiency codesign method for bandgap circuit (BGR) circuit by submodule optimization is proposed. In the proposed method, the BGR circuit is divided into operation amplifier module (OPM) and reference voltage generation module (RVGM) to be separately optimized to improve the optimization design efficiency. Firstly, the OPM is optimized based on neural network (NN) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. NN models are established to describe the relationship between design parameters and performance metrics of OPM, and then the parameters of OPM are optimized by PSO algorithm according to the established optimization function with constraints. The parameters of RVGM are optimized based on the optimized OPM. The high‐accuracy approximate equations of temperature coefficient (TC) are established based on compensation functions. The TC, total area, and total power consumption are co‐optimized by interior point method. According to the optimized parameters of OPM and RVGM, the verifications are conducted by Cadence. The results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the design efficiency of BGR circuit, whose total running time is only 552.5 s. Meanwhile, the optimized TC is 4.76 ppm/°C over −40°C–125°C at 2.5‐V supply, and the optimized area and power consumption are 0.0187 mm2 and 288.5 μW. The Monte Carlo results show that Vref has a standard deviation of 1.503 mV, which is only 0.12% across 1000 runs, so the Vref is very stable. Therefore, the proposed codesign method can be used to effectively optimize the BGR circuit.
Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chiu Yen‐Ling , Yan Sui‐Hing , Fan Yang‐Teng , Chang Chiung‐Fang , Hung Ruo‐Wei , Liu Yi‐Chien , Yang TienYu Owen , Chuang Yi‐Fang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) involves neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, yet the role of amyloid‐reactive immune response in neurodegeneration remains unclear. We investigate amyloid‐reactive T cell levels in the Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment Study in Taiwan (EMCIT) and Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (TPMIC) cohorts.MethodUsing diverse amyloid peptide formulations, we established a polyfunctionality assay for five T cell functions and compared mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to control subjects in both cohorts.ResultsIn both cohorts, MCI individuals exhibit higher amyloid‐reactive T cell responses than controls. In the TPMIC cohort, CD4+ and CD8+ total response frequencies are notably elevated in MCI (CD4: 1.3%, CD8: 1.91%) versus controls (CD4: 0.15%, CD8: 0.28%; both p < 0.001). Amyloid‐reactive T cell response outperforms plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) in discriminating MCI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve CD4+: 0.97; CD8+: 0.96; p‐tau181: 0.72; both p < 0.001).DiscussionAmyloid‐reactive T cell polyfunctional response distinguishes MCI from normal aging and could serve as a novel MCI biomarker.Highlights
Amyloid‐reactive polyfunctional T cell responses can be detected in the peripheral circulation.
Amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly enhanced in individuals with mild cognitive impairment compared to age‐matched, cognitively unimpaired individuals.
The unique discriminative accuracy of amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly higher than phosphorylated tau181 and is not a result of overall T cell hyperreactivity.
Future studies are needed to determine the predictive role of amyloid‐reactive T cell responses in disease progression and if the amyloid‐reactive immune response could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegeneration.
(Epistemic) Injustice and Resistance in Canadian Research Ethics Governance
Authors: Clairmont Sarah , Doerksen Emily , Gunay Alize Ece , Friesen Phoebe 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article brings a philosophical perspective to bear on issues of research ethics governance as it is practiced and organized in Canada. Insofar as the processes and procedures that constitute research oversight are meant to ensure the ethical conduct of research, they are based on ideas or beliefs about what ethical research entails and about which processes will ensure the ethical conduct of research. These ideas and beliefs make up an epistemic infrastructure underlying Canada's system of research ethics governance, but, we argue, extensive efforts by community members to fill gaps in that system suggest that these ideas may be deficient. Our aim is to make these deficiencies explicit through critical analysis by briefly introducing the philosophical literature on epistemic injustice and ignorance, and by drawing on this literature and empirical evidence to examine how injustice and ignorance show up across three levels of research ethics governance: research ethics boards, regulations, and training. Following this critique, and drawing on insights from the same philosophical tradition, we highlight the work that communities across Canada have done to rewrite and rework how research ethics as a site of epistemic resistance is practiced.
3D structure reconstruction of plant‐based meat substitute through X‐ray microscopy method
Authors: Hu Anna , Zhang Jinchuang , Shi Aimin , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThe texture of plant‐based meat substitute is closely related to its microstructure. X‐ray microscopy (XRM) is a non‐destructive imaging technology that can provide high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) images of the internal structure of objects. XRM can visualize the 3D structure of meat‐like fibrous structure and realize 3D reconstruction of fibrous structure.MethodsThis research method provides a more comprehensive spatial characterization of the plant protein fibrous structure formation process by 3D analysis through several steps of plant‐based meat substitute preparation, freeze‐drying and XRM measurement of the extrudate.Expected OutcomesThe non‐invasive nature of XRM makes it possible to visualize the internal structure without destroying fibrous structure. The research results provide new research methods and theoretical basis for the study of “plant‐based meat substitute” and other foods.