bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of coherence flow in PT- and anti-PT-symmetric systems
Authors: Fang Yu-Liang , Zhao Jun-Long , Zhang Yu , Chen Dong-Xu , Wu Qi-Cheng , Zhou Yan-Hui , Yang Chui-Ping , Nori Franco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon-Hermitian parity-time ($${{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$
P
T
) and anti-parity-time ($${{{{{{{\mathcal{APT}}}}}}}}$$
APT
)-symmetric systems exhibit novel quantum properties and have attracted increasing interest. Although many counterintuitive phenomena in $${{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$
P
T
- and $${{{{{{{\mathcal{APT}}}}}}}}$$
APT
-symmetric systems were previously studied, coherence flow has been rarely investigated. Here, we experimentally demonstrate single-qubit coherence flow in $${{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$
P
T
- and $${{{{{{{\mathcal{APT}}}}}}}}$$
APT
-symmetric systems using an optical setup. In the symmetry unbroken regime, we observe different periodic oscillations of coherence. Particularly, we observe two complete coherence backflows in one period in the $${{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$
P
T
-symmetric system, while only one backflow in the $${{{{{{{\mathcal{APT}}}}}}}}$$
APT
-symmetric system. Moreover, in the symmetry broken regime, we observe the phenomenon of stable value of coherence flow. We derive the analytic proofs of these phenomena and show that most experimental data agree with theoretical results within one standard deviation. This work opens avenues for future study on the dynamics of coherence in $${{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$
P
T
- and $${{{{{{{\mathcal{APT}}}}}}}}$$
APT
-symmetric systems.
A high dimensional oxysulfide built from large iron-based clusters with partial charge-ordering
Authors: Almoussawi Batoul , Arevalo-Lopez Angel M. , Simon Pardis , Kabbour Houria 
Published: October 2021

We report the original non-centrosymmetric Ba10Fe7.75Zn5.25S18Si3O12 oxysulfide which crystallizes in a new structural type. Contrary to usual oxychalcogenides, it crystallizes with a 3D spatial network structure built from large magnetic clusters.
Predictors of Aspiration and Silent Aspiration in Patients With New Tracheostomy
Authors: Marvin Stevie , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Hospitalized, medically complex patients with new tracheostomy are at risk for aspiration. This study reports incidence of aspiration in these patients with new tracheostomy and investigates possible risk factors for aspiration and silent aspiration in this patient population.

Method
Retrospective review of instrumental swallowing evaluations from hospitalized inpatients with new tracheostomy tubes to determine frequency of aspiration and silent aspiration and patient factors associated with aspiration. Patient variables including sex, age, reason for hospital admission, reason for tracheostomy, duration of intubation, time since tracheostomy placement, and tracheostomy cuff and cap status were examined as possible risk factors for aspiration and silent aspiration.

Results
Of the 272 patients with new tracheostomies who underwent instrumental swallowing evaluation, 59% aspirated on at least one consistency. Odds of aspiration were twice as high in patients with uncapped tracheostomy compared to closed (i.e., cap or speaking valve in place). Odds of aspiration were 3.4 times greater with patients who underwent tracheostomy for an oropharyngeal etiology (oropharyngeal or laryngeal tumor, surgery, or infection). Of the patients who aspirated, 81% aspirated silently on at least one consistency. Odds of silent aspiration was 4.5 greater with an uncapped tracheostomy.

Conclusions
Medically complex patients with new tracheostomy are at risk for aspiration and benefit from instrumental swallowing evaluations. Future prospective research is warranted to determine contributing factors responsible for this risk. Lastly, speech pathologists play an important role in the patient’s recovery.
Comparing the Informativeness of Single-Word Samples and Connected Speech Samples in Assessing Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Yeh Li-Li , Liu Chia-Chi 
Published: October 2021

PurposeSpeech-language pathologists (SLPs) are faced with the challenge of quickly and accurately identifying children who present with speech sound disorders (SSD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical relevance of two speech sampling methods (single-word vs. connected speech samples) in how sensitive they are in detecting atypical speech sound development in children, and to know whether the information obtained from single-word samples is representative enough of children's overall speech sound performance.MethodWe compared the speech sound performance of 37 preschool children with SSD (Mage= 4;11 years) and 37 age-sex-matched typically developing children (Mage= 5;0 years) by eliciting their speech in two ways: (a) a picture-naming task to elicit single words, and (b) a story-retelling task to elicit connected speech. Four speech measures were compared across sample type (single words vs. connected speech) and across groups (SSD vs. TD): intelligibility, speech accuracy, phonemic inventory, and phonological patterns.ResultsInteraction effects were found between sample type and group on several speech sound performance measures. Single-word speech samples were found to differentiate the SSD group from the TD group, and were more sensitive than connected speech samples across various measures. The effect size of single-word samples was consistently higher than connected speech samples for three measures: intelligibility, speech accuracy, and phonemic inventory. The gap in sample type informativeness may be attributed to salience and avoidance effects, given that children tend to avoid producing unfamiliar phonemes in connected speech. The number of phonological patterns produced was the only measure that revealed no gap between two sampling types for both groups.ConclusionsOn measures of intelligibility, speech accuracy, and phonemic inventory, obtaining a single-word sample proved to be a more informative method of differentiating children with SSD from TD children than connected speech samples. This finding may guide SLPs in their choice of sampling type when they are under time pressure. We discuss how children's performance on the connected speech sample may be biased by salience and avoidance effects and/or task design, and may, therefore, not necessarily reveal a poorer performance than single-word samples, particularly in intelligibility, speech accuracy, and the number of phonological patterns, if these task limitations are circumvented. Our findings show that the performance gap, typically observed between the two sampling types, largely depends on which performance measures are evaluated with the speech sample. Our study is the first to address sampling type differences in SSD versus TD children and has significant clinical implications for SLPs looking for sampling types and measures that reliably identify SSD in preschool-aged children.
Assessing Language in Unstructured Conversation in People With Aphasia: Methods, Psychometric Integrity, Normative Data, and Comparison to a Structured Narrative Task
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Edmonds Lisa A. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study evaluated interrater reliability (IRR) and test–retest stability (TRTS) of seven linguistic measures (percent correct information units, relevance, subject–verb–[object], complete utterance, grammaticality, referential cohesion, global coherence), and communicative success in unstructured conversation and in a story narrative monologue (SNM) in persons with aphasia (PWAs) and matched participants without aphasia (M-PWoAs). Furthermore, the relationship of language in unstructured conversation and SNM was investigated for these measures.

Methods
Twenty PWAs and 20 M-PWoAs participated in two unstructured conversations on different days with different speech-language pathologists trained as social conversation partners. An 8- to 12-min segment of each conversation was analyzed. Additionally, a wordless picture book was used to elicit an SNM sample at each visit. Correlational analyses were conducted to address the primary research questions. Normative range and minimal detectable change data were also calculated for the measures in both conditions.

Results
IRR and TRTS were moderate to good for parametric measures and moderate to excellent for nonparametric measures for both groups, except for TRTS for referential cohesion for the PWAs in conversation. Furthermore, in PWAs, a strong correlation was demonstrated for three of eight measures across conditions. Moderate or weaker correlations were demonstrated for three of eight measures, and correlations for two of eight measures were not significant. An ancillary finding was no significant differences occurred for sample-to-sample variability between the two conditions for any measure.

Conclusions
This study replicates previous research demonstrating the feasibility to reliably measure language in unstructured conversation in PWAs. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence that language production varies for some measures between unstructured conversation and SNM, contributing to a literature base that demonstrates language variation between different types of monologue. Thus, these findings suggest that inclusion of the specific types of discourse of interest to the PWA may be important for comprehensive assessment of aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16569360
Zink und Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Claßen Hans-Georg , Reich Anna 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungZink spielt beim Diabetes mellitus eine wichtige Rolle, da das Spurenelement die Insulinbildung, -wirkung und -resistenz beeinflusst. Diabetiker*innen sind für die Ausbildung von Zinkmangelzuständen prädisponiert. Eine hohe Phytataufnahme mit Vollkornprodukten und Hülsenfrüchten vermindert die Bioverfügbarkeit von Zink. Die prophylaktische Zinksupplementation zeigt Studien zufolge positive Effekte bei Prodiabetes und Gestationsdiabetes. Für Erwachsene gilt ein oberer sicherer Dosenbereich (UL) von 25 mg Zink/d in Supplementen.
Magnesiumstatus bei älteren Hypertonikern – Bedeutung des ionisierten Magnesiums
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Kisters Sophia , Gröber Uwe 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungMagnesium ist an ca. 600 enzymatischen Reaktionen und Stoffwechselprozessen beteiligt. Ein Mangel beeinträchtigt die Energieproduktion mit Auswirkungen auf Organfunktionen sowie die Reaktion des Körpers auf Stress. Magnesium hat sich bewährt in der Therapie und Prävention insbes. von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen wie Hypertonie. In einer Studie an 45 älteren Hypertoniker*innen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Bestimmung der ionisierten Magnesiumkonzentrationen als Laborparameter aussagekräftiger ist als die herkömmliche Messung der Konzentration im Serum. Magnesiummangel betrifft bes. häufig ältere Menschen und Hypertoniker. Ein Mangel an Vitamin D verschlechtert den Magnesiumstatus. Bei Hypertonie wird die orale Supplementierung von 300–500 mg Mg/d empfohlen.
Diabetische Angiopathien
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Europa ist Deutschland das Land mit der höchsten Prävalenz für Diabetes mellitus mit stark zunehmender Tendenz. Der überwiegende Teil der Patienten ist am Typ-2-Diabetes erkrankt. Die diabetisch bedingten Mikro- und Makroangiopathien können zu einer Reihe Spätfolgen wie Gefäß-, Nerven- und Organschäden führen. Sie beruhen auf Induktion prooxidativer und entzündlicher Prozesse, die insb. auf eine mitochondriale Mehrproduktion von Superoxidradikalen (-O2
•) und anderen reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) zurückzuführen sind. Die Kompensation von Mikronährstoffmängeln und eine frühzeitige Supplementierung mit Mikronährstoffen ist eine vielversprechende Therapieoption.
Diagnosis and Management of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Al-Faraj Abrar O. , Abdennadher Myriam , Pang Trudy D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeizures are among the most common neurological presentations to the emergency room. They present on a spectrum of severity from isolated new-onset seizures to acute repetitive seizures and, in severe cases, status epilepticus. The latter is the most serious, as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and treatment of both seizure activity and associated acute systemic complications are essential to improve the overall outcome of these patients. The purpose of this review is to provide the current viewpoint on the diagnostic evaluation and pharmacological management of patients presenting with status epilepticus, and the common associated systemic complications.
Acute Neurologic Manifestations of Systemic Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Galetta Kristin , Bhattacharyya Shamik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSystemic autoimmune diseases can affect the peripheral and central nervous system. In this review, we outline the common inpatient consultations for patients with neurological symptoms from rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, immunoglobulin G4–related disease, Behçet's disease, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, and ankylosing spondylitis. We discuss the symptoms, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options.
Radiation Segmentectomy
Authors: Prachanronarong Kristina , Kim Edward 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRadiation segmentectomy is an yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization treatment where a high radiation dose is administered to a small volume of liver to achieve a high tumoricidal dose to a target with anatomic surgical precision while sparing surrounding parenchyma. This therapeutic modality is often used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, and recent studies have demonstrated that radiation segmentectomy is an effective treatment as a neoadjuvant to transplant, resection, or as a standalone treatment. This article provides a review of radiation segmentectomy, indications for treatment, recent outcome data, and guidelines for postprocedural management.
Post Yttrium-90 Imaging
Authors: Rice Mitchell , Krosin Matthew , Haste Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y) is a mainstay for the treatment of liver cancer. Imaging the distribution following delivery is a concept that dates back to the 1960s. As β particles are created during 90Y decay, bremsstrahlung radiation is created as the particles interact with tissues, allowing for imaging with a gamma camera. Inherent qualities of bremsstrahlung radiation make its imaging difficult. SPECT and SPECT/CT can be used but suffer from limitations related to low signal-to-noise bremsstrahlung radiation. However, with optimized imaging protocols, clinically adequate images can still be obtained. A finite but detectable number of positrons are also emitted during 90Y decay, and many studies have demonstrated the ability of commercial PET/CT and PET/MR scanners to image these positrons to understand 90Y distribution and help quantify dose. PET imaging has been proven to be superior to SPECT for quantitative imaging, and therefore will play an important role going forward as we try and better understand dose/response and dose/toxicity relationships to optimize personalized dosimetry. The availability of PET imaging will likely remain the biggest barrier to its use in routine post-90Y imaging; thus, SPECT/CT imaging with optimized protocols should be sufficient for most posttherapy subjective imaging.
Principles of Radioembolization
Authors: Sivananthan Gajan , Tabori Nora E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRadioembolization has become a mainstay therapy in the treatment of primary and secondary liver cancers. This article will specifically discuss a brief history of yttrium treatment as well as an overview of the physical properties of the currently available devices. A discussion of the mechanism of action will be followed by a discussion on patient selection for this treatment.
First Computed Tomography Evidence of Pulmonary Cavitated Lipoma: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Valente Tullio , Bocchini Giorgio , Rea Gaetano , Paccone Marianna , Vitale Giuseppe , Sica Giacomo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLipomas are the most common form of benign soft tissue tumors in humans, occurring infrequently in visceral organs. Pulmonary lipomas are seen rarely and can occur such as an endobronchial (80%) or peripheral parenchymal (20%) lesion. Less than 10 cases of lung peripheral lipoma are described in literature, none cavitated. We report the clinical case of a 51-year-old emphysematous smoker man with a peripheral intrapulmonary middle-lobe cavitating lipoma, revealed during a routine chest X-ray for emphysema, subsequently confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and positron emission tomography (PET)–CT. Some hypotheses are made about the origin of cavitation. Biopsy and surgery were not done due to the fully benign nodular features at imaging. The nodule was unchanged till 2 years, last follow-up with low-dose HRCT. It is probably useful to choose a conservative approach with a follow-up, if there is a high suspicion of benignity.
Postpartum Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Presenting with Radiological Plethora
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Menon Bindu , Manam Gayatri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries with resolution in most patients within 1 to 3 months. It has been known to be a benign uniphasic reversible illness but cases of fulminant RCVS with mortality have also been reported. The symptoms can be varied with presentations like transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). We report a postpartum female with RCVS with radiological features of ICH, SAH, atypical PRES, and atypical clinical presentation as well. RCVS can be frequently missed unless there is a high index of suspicion. Hence clinicians should be aware of the typical and the atypical presentation of RCVS along with the radiological findings with the potential complications. Early suspicion and detection in the emergency help in recovery and reducing morbidity.
On- and Off-Farm Diversification and Travel Time to Markets: Linkages to Food Security in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Bergau Sven , Loos Tim K. , Sariyev Orkhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFood insecurity persists in large parts of Ethiopia. Recent literature suggests that both on-farm and off-farm diversification, as well as access to agricultural markets, may help improve household dietary diversity scores (HDDS) as an indicator for food and nutrition security. While the HDDS is frequently used, a diversity score for the production side has rarely been applied at a comparable level of (dis-)aggregation. Employing socio-economic data collected covering 400 Ethiopian smallholder farmers, this study investigates how the travel time to markets, non-farm income, and on-farm production diversity associate with household food and nutrition security. Findings suggest that production diversity and higher non-farm income are linked to more diverse diets. With longer travel time to markets, food consumption is less varied. Production diversity and increased market participation do not appear to be mutually exclusive, and thus, should be considered equally when developing policy interventions.
Growth rates of modern science: a latent piecewise growth curve approach to model publication numbers from established and new literature databases
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Haunschild Robin , Mutz Rüdiger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowth of science is a prevalent issue in science of science studies. In recent years, two new bibliographic databases have been introduced, which can be used to study growth processes in science from centuries back: Dimensions from Digital Science and Microsoft Academic. In this study, we used publication data from these new databases and added publication data from two established databases (Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics and Scopus from Elsevier) to investigate scientific growth processes from the beginning of the modern science system until today. We estimated regression models that included simultaneously the publication counts from the four databases. The results of the unrestricted growth of science calculations show that the overall growth rate amounts to 4.10% with a doubling time of 17.3 years. As the comparison of various segmented regression models in the current study revealed, models with four or five segments fit the publication data best. We demonstrated that these segments with different growth rates can be interpreted very well, since they are related to either phases of economic (e.g., industrialization) and/or political developments (e.g., Second World War). In this study, we additionally analyzed scientific growth in two broad fields (Physical and Technical Sciences as well as Life Sciences) and the relationship of scientific and economic growth in UK. The comparison between the two fields revealed only slight differences. The comparison of the British economic and scientific growth rates showed that the economic growth rate is slightly lower than the scientific growth rate.
Perceptions of risk for COVID-19 among individuals with chronic diseases and stakeholders in Central Appalachia
Authors: Ahuja Manik , Mamudu Hadii M. , Weierbach Florence M. , Dowling-McClay Karilynn , Stewart David W. , Awasthi Manul , Paul Timir K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving and is a serious public health threat worldwide. Timely and effective control of the pandemic is highly dependent on preventive approaches. Perception of risk is a major determinant of health behavior. The current study explores the association between actual risk and perceived risk for one’s self, family/friends and friends, and community. A questionnaire was administered to participants in Central Appalachia (n = 102). The actual risk was based on the number of chronic conditions of the following conditions: hypertension, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Participants were also queried about their perception of risk for COVID-19. Generalized Linear Models were used to independently evaluate the likelihood of perceived risk for one’s: self, family/friends, and community, based on actual risk. Actual risk for COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher likelihood of higher perception of risk for one’s self (b = 0.24; p = 0.04), but not with one’s family/friends (b = 0.05; p = 0.68), or one’s community (b = 0.14; p = 0.16). No health insurance was negatively associated with perception of risk for self (b = −0.59; p = 0.04) and family/friends (b = −0.92; p < 0.001). Male gender (b = −0.47; p = 0.01) was also negatively associated with perception of risk for family/friends. In conclusion, individuals’ actual risk for COVID-19 is associated with their own perception of risk. This indicates that one’s perception of risk for COVID-19 is greater for their own health compared to their family/friends or the community. Therefore, monitoring and following up with chronic disease patients and addressing their lack of awareness of risk to others is needed to prevent and curtail the spread of COVID-19.