bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphine exposure alters Fos expression in a sex‐, age‐, and brain region‐specific manner during adolescence
Authors: Figueroa C. , Yang H. , DiSpirito J. , Bourgeois J. R. , Kalyanasundaram G. , Doshi I. , Bilbo S. D. , Kopec A. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData in both humans and preclinical animal models clearly indicate drug exposure during adolescence, when the “reward” circuitry of the brain develops, increases the risk of substance use and other mental health disorders later in life. Human data indicate that different neural and behavioral sequelae can be observed in early versus late adolescence. However, most studies with rodent models examine a single adolescent age compared to a mature adult age, and often only in males. Herein, we sought to determine whether the acute response to the opioid morphine would also differ across adolescence, and by sex. By quantifying Fos positive cells, a proxy for neural activity, at different stages during adolescence (pre‐, early, mid‐, and late adolescence) and in multiple reward regions (prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate/putamen), we determined that the neural response to acute morphine is highly dependent on adolescent age, sex, and brain region. These data suggest that heterogeneity in the consequences of adolescent opioid exposure may be due to age‐ and sex‐specific developmental profiles in individual reward processing regions. In future studies, it will be important to add age within adolescence as an independent variable for a holistic view of healthy or abnormal reward‐related neural development.
Marine Algal Sensitivity to Source and Weathered Oils
Authors: Softcheck Katherina A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, toxicity tests were conducted using 4 microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, Isochrysis galbana, and Thalassiosira pseudonana) and one macroalga (Ectocarpus siliculosus) to study potential impacts on phytoplankton and other primary producers in the Gulf of Mexico and characterize species sensitivity. Tests were performed with Corexit 9500 and fresh source oil and weathered oil samples collected from the field during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Because crude oils are mixtures of poorly water-soluble hydrocarbons, dosing was performed using water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) and chemically enhanced (CE) WAFs with the addition of dispersant at a 1:20 dispersant:oil ratio using standard toxicity testing protocols. Exposure media were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and saturated hydrocarbon compounds. Toxicity was reported as no-observable effect concentration and median effect concentration (EC50) values for average specific growth rate based on nominal percent dilution of stock solution WAFs and sum of dissolved oil toxic units for WAF/CEWAF tests. The macroalga and green alga D. tertiolecta were largely unaffected by any WAF or CEWAFs tested. Isochrysis galbana was found to be the most sensitive species overall with significant growth rate inhibitions for dispersant and all the WAFs/CEWAFs tested. Physically dispersed source oils were generally more toxic than weathered oils. The protectiveness of the chronic toxic units was effective at identifying observed algal growth rate inhibitions across algal species and oil types despite the impact of dispersants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2742–2754. © 2021 SETAC
Review of proposed different irradiation methods to inactivate food‐processing viruses and microorganisms
Authors: Shahi Sharifeh , Khorvash Reza , Goli Mohammad , Ranjbaran Seyed Mohsen , Najarian Afsaneh , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoronaviruses, which have been enveloped nonsegmented positive‐sense RNA viruses, were first mentioned in the mid‐1960s and can attack people as well as a wide range of animals (including mammals and birds). Three zoonotic coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of large‐scale epidemics over the last two decades: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Epithelial cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract are the principal targeted cells, and viral shedding occurs via these systems in diverse ways such as through fomites, air, or feces. Patients infected with the novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) reported having visited the Wuhan seafood wholesale market shortly before disease onset. The clinical data on established 2019‐nCoV cases reported so far indicate a milder disease course than that described for patients with SARS‐CoV or MERS‐CoV. This study aimed to review radiation inactivation of these viruses in the food industry in three sections: visible light, ionizing radiation (alpha ray, beta ray, X‐ray, gamma ray, neutron, plasma, and ozone), and nonionizing radiation (microwave, ultraviolet, infrared, laser light, and radiofrequency). Due to the obvious possibility of human‐to‐human and animal‐to‐human transmission, using at least one of these three methods in food processing and packaging during coronavirus outbreaks will be critical for preventing further outbreaks at the community level.
Physics‐based modeling and predictive simulation of powder bed fusion additive manufacturing across length scales
Authors: Meier Christoph , Fuchs Sebastian L. , Much Nils , Nitzler Jonas , Penny Ryan W. , Praegla Patrick M. , Proell Sebastian D. , Sun Yushen , Weissbach Reimar , Schreter Magdalena , Hodge Neil E. , John Hart A. , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPowder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBFAM) of metals has the potential to enable new paradigms of product design, manufacturing and supply chains while accelerating the realization of new technologies in the medical, aerospace, and other industries. Currently, wider adoption of PBFAM is held back by difficulty in part qualification, high production costs and low production rates, as extensive process tuning, post‐processing, and inspection are required before a final part can be produced and deployed. Physics‐based modeling and predictive simulation of PBFAM offers the potential to advance fundamental understanding of physical mechanisms that initiate process instabilities and cause defects. In turn, these insights can help link process and feedstock parameters with resulting part and material properties, thereby predicting optimal processing conditions and inspiring the development of improved processing hardware, strategies and materials. This work presents recent developments of our research team in the modeling of metal PBFAM processes spanning length scales, namely mesoscale powder modeling, mesoscale melt pool modeling, macroscale thermo‐solid‐mechanical modeling and microstructure modeling. Ongoing work in experimental validation of these models is also summarized. In conclusion, we discuss the interplay of these individual submodels within an integrated overall modeling approach, along with future research directions.
Correlation of preoperative and intraoperative assessment of pelvic organ prolapse by pelvic organ prolapse quantification system
Authors: Chaudhuri Snehamay , Vaitheeswari Jayamoorthy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo correlate the measurements of pelvic organ quantification (POP‐Q) score obtained preoperatively with Valsalva maneuver with POP‐Q score obtained intraoperatively under anesthesia in the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsA prospective observational study included 25 women attending gynecology outpatient department with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse in Midnapore Medical College, India and planned for vaginal operative treatment between March 2019 and February 2020. The preoperative examination was performed in the outpatient department using the POP‐Q system with Valsalva maneuver and final examination was performed under spinal anesthesia with mechanical traction. The correlation was performed using the preoperative and intraoperative measurements.ResultsAll intraoperative POP‐Q measurements showed a significantly higher descent compared with preoperative measurements (mean difference Aa 0.72 cm, Ba 1.08 cm, C 1.66 cm, Ap 0.26 cm, Bp 1.6 cm, D 1.6 cm, Gh 0.6 cm,) except for Pb and Tvl. Among all nine measurements, the greatest difference between the preoperative and intraoperative values was observed for points C, D, and Bp.ConclusionPreoperative POP‐Q scores significantly differed when assessed intraoperatively under spinal anesthesia with traction. The patient should be informed that the surgical plan may change depending on the intraoperative findings. Our study is an alert for both surgeons and patients.
Conspiracy beliefs in Britain and North Macedonia: A comparative study
Authors: Stojanov Ana , Douglas Karen 
Published: August 2021

The psychological research on conspiracy beliefs to date has focused predominantly on conspiracy beliefs in Western democracies. The current study sought to fill this gap by examining beliefs in conspiracy theories in a democratic society and a society in transition. British (N = 298) and Macedonian (N = 312) participants completed an online questionnaire measuring conspiracy beliefs, trust in media and institutions and support for democratic principles. Macedonian participants endorsed conspiracy theories more than British. In addition, support for democratic principles, low trust in institutions and media were significant predictors of conspiracy beliefs. The relationship between trust and conspiracy beliefs was moderated by country, such that it was significantly stronger in the British group. This study draws attention to the need for cross‐societal research on belief in conspiracy theories.
Chondrocyte Polarity During Endochondral Ossification Requires Protein–Protein Interactions Between Prickle1 and Dishevelled2/3
Authors: Wan Yong , Szabo-Rogers Heather L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe expansion and growth of the endochondral skeleton requires organized cell behaviors that control chondrocyte maturation and oriented division. In other organs, these processes are accomplished through Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway and require the protein–protein interactions of core components including Prickle1 (PK1) and Dishevelled (DVL). To determine the function of Wnt/PCP signaling in endochondral ossification of the cranial base and limb, we utilized the Prickle1Beetlejuice (Pk1Bj) mouse line. The Pk1Bj allele has a missense mutation in the PK1 LIM1 domain that results in a hypomorphic protein. Similar to human patients with Robinow syndrome, the Prickle1Bj/Bj mouse mutants lack growth plate expansion resulting in shorter limbs and midfacial hypoplasia. Within the Prickle1Bj/Bj limb and cranial base growth plates we observe precocious maturation of chondrocytes and stalling of terminal differentiation. Intriguingly, we observed that the growth plate chondrocytes have randomized polarity based on the location of the primary cilia and the location of PRICKLE1, DVL2, and DVL3 localization. Importantly, mutant PK1Bj protein has decreased protein–protein interactions with both DVL2 and DVL3 in chondrocytes as revealed by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Finally, we propose a model where the interaction between the Prickle1 LIM1 domain and DVL2 and DVL3 contributes to chondrocyte polarity and contributes to proximal-distal outgrowth of endochondral elements. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Synthesis of Styrenic Triblock Copolymer and its Application in Polyester Blends
Authors: Rao Adarsh R. , K Suriya V , Yeolekar Shraddha M. , Patel Nikhil P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work deals with the synthesis of functional impact modifier Polystyrene–block‐Polybutyl acrylate‐block‐Poly(Styrene‐co‐acrylic acid) (PS‐b‐PBA‐b‐P(S‐co‐AA)) triblock copolymer through atom transfer radical polymerization. This triblock copolymer is characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC. Compatibilizing effect of synthesized impact modifier PS‐b‐PBA‐b‐P(S‐co‐AA) is studied in polymer blends of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polystyrene (PS). Mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of PET/PS blend are studied.
Impact of Ionic Liquid on the Dielectric and Mechanical Performance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Nanocomposites
Authors: Hafusa Akhina , Nair M.R. Gopinathan , Kalarickal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites with enhanced electrical and mechanical properties are fabricated using a hybrid filler. This study hereby reports the effect of introducing reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/ionic liquid (IL) hybrid filler on the properties of plasticized PVC. Hybrid nanostructures, if appropriately designed, are expected to combine the merits of the individual building nanomaterials. An imidazolium based ionic liquid, 1‐benzyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetra fluro borate is used for the hybrid formation. The structural and morphological characterization of hybrid filler using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirms the successful formation of hybrid. Dielectric constant is found to be increased even by the addition of a small quantity of ionic liquid to RGO. The ionic moieties in the added ionic liquid in addition to the π bonds in the RGO are found to be responsible for the enhancement. Elongation at break is found to be increased with addition of hybrid filler due to the plasticizing action of the ionic liquid. It is clear from the investigations that ionic liquid, 1‐benzyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetra fluro borate can be used as an efficient modifier for RGO.
Facile One‐Step Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate/Cellulose Composite: Synthesis, Morphology, Structure and Properties
Authors: Mathew Meldin , Lyczko Nathalie , Nzihou Ange , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study focusses on reporting a facile one‐step synthesis method to fabricate calcium phosphate‐microcrystalline cellulose composite with an enhanced surface area. The composite preparation is done using a simple one‐step method called co‐precipitation method under ambient and 60 °C temperature. The calcium carbonate and orthophosphoric acid are taken, which are the two best known widely available starting materials for the synthesis of calcium phosphate. The sample is collected and taken for the drying process in an oven at 105 °C. The characterizations like XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR, TGA, and DSC of the demonstrated composites are done. From BET analysis, it can be concluded that the surface area of the demonstrated composite enhances substantially after the incorporation of the microcrystalline cellulose.
Qualitative exploration of the challenges and the benefits of the nursing process in clinical practice: A study among registered nurses in a municipal hospital in Ghana
Authors: Gazari Timothy , Apiribu Felix , Afaya Richard Adongo , Awenabisa Atanuriba Gideon , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine , Kukeba Margaret Wekem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the challenges and benefits of using the nursing process in a Ghanaian Hospital.DesignThe study employed a qualitative descriptive design to explore the challenges and the benefits of the utilization of the nursing process.MethodsTwelve (12) Registered Nurses were recruited for the study using purposive sampling. Recorded in‐depth interviews were conducted and data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe study found a low nurse‐to‐patient ratio, inadequate knowledge, apathy, inadequate logistics, poor supervision as challenges. However, quality and cost‐effective care improved nurse–patient relationships, and job satisfaction was found to be the benefits of nursing process use. Interventions to improve its utilization should be targeted towards improving the nurse‐to‐patient ratio, provision of adequate resources and inclusion of the nursing care plan in patient folders.
First-Line Osimertinib in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Outcome and Safety in the Real World: FLOWER Study
Authors: Lorenzi Martina , Ferro Alessandra , Cecere Fabiana , Scattolin Daniela , Del Conte Alessandro , Follador Alessandro , Pilotto Sara , Polo Valentina , Santarpia Mariacarmela , Chiari Rita , Pavan Alberto , Dal Maso Alessandro , Da Ros Valentina , Targato Giada , Vari Sabrina , Indraccolo Stefano , Calabrese Fiorella , Frega Stefano , Bonanno Laura , Conte Pier Franco , Guarneri Valentina , Pasello Giulia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Osimertinib became the standard treatment for patients with untreated EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) following results reported in the phase III randomized FLAURA trial. Because of strict exclusion criteria, patient populations included in pivotal trials are only partially representative of real-world patients.

Methods
We designed an observational, prospective, multicenter study enrolling patients with EGFR-mutant aNSCLC receiving first-line osimertinib to evaluate effectiveness, safety, and progression patterns in the real-world.

Results
At data cutoff, 126 White patients from nine oncology centers were included. At diagnosis, 16 patients (12.7%) had a performance status (PS) ≥2 and 38 (30.2%) had brain metastases. Overall response rate (ORR) was 73%, disease control rate (DCR) 96.0%. After a median follow-up of 12.3 months, median time to treatment discontinuation (mTTD) was 25.3 months, median progression-free-survival (mPFS) was 18.9 months and median overall survival (mOS) was not reached (NR). One hundred and ten patients (87%) experienced adverse events (AEs), 42 (33%) of grade 3–4, with venous thromboembolism (VTE) as the most common (n = 10, 7.9%). No difference in rates of VTE was reported according to age, PS, comorbidity, and tumor load. We observed longer mTTD in patients without symptoms (NR vs. 18.8 months) and with fewer than three metastatic sites at diagnosis (NR vs. 21.4 months). Patients without brain metastases experienced longer mPFS (NR vs. 13.3 months). No difference in survival outcome was observed according to age, comorbidity, and type of EGFR mutation. Isolated progression and progression in fewer than three sites were associated with longer time to treatment discontinuation (TTD).

Conclusion
Osimertinib confirmed effectiveness and safety in the real world, although thromboembolism was more frequent than previously reported.
Environments and situations as correlates of eating and drinking among women living with obesity and urban poverty
Authors: Clark Daniel O. , Keith NiCole R. , Ofner Susan , Hackett Jason , Li Ruohong , Agarwal Neeta , Tu Wanzhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveOne path to improving weight management may be to lessen the self‐control burden of physical activity and healthier food choices. Opportunities to lessen the self‐control burden might be uncovered by assessing the spatiotemporal experiences of individuals in daily context. This report aims to describe the time, place, and social context of eating and drinking and 6‐month weight change among 209 midlife women (n = 113 African–American) with obesity receiving safety‐net primary care.MethodsParticipants completed baseline and 6‐month weight measures, observations and interviews regarding obesogenic cues in the home environment, and up to 12 ecological momentary assessments (EMA) per day for 30 days inquiring about location, social context, and eating and drinking.ResultsHome was the most common location (62%) at times of EMA notifications. Participants reported “yes” to eating or drinking at the time of nearly one in three (31.1% ± 13.2%) EMA notifications. Regarding social situations, being alone was significantly associated with less frequent eating and drinking (OR = 0.75) unless at work in which case being alone was significantly associated with a greater frequency of eating or drinking (OR = 1.43). At work, eating was most common late at night, whereas at home eating was most frequent in the afternoon and evening hours. However, eating and drinking frequency was not associated with 6‐month weight change.ConclusionsHome and work locations, time of day, and whether alone may be important dimensions to consider in the pursuit of more effective weight loss interventions. Opportunities to personalize weight management interventions, whether digital or human, and lessen in‐the‐moment self‐control burden might lie in identifying times and locations most associated with caloric consumption.Clinical trial registration: NCT03083964 in clinicaltrials.gov
Synthesis and characterization of bile acid‐based polymeric micelle as a drug carrier for doxorubicin
Authors: Altinkok Cagatay , Acik Gokhan , Karabulut Huseyin Riza Ferhat , Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Dag Aydan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a polymeric micelle based on amphiphilic block copolymer, namely poly(methacrylated methyl lithocholate)‐block‐poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (PMML‐b‐POEGMA) bearing bile acid moiety is prepared via sequential photo‐initiated free radical polymerizations, and its drug carrying capacity is investigated using doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug. For this purpose, two‐step procedure is applied in the presence of phenylbis (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) as bifunctional photo initiator. Based on spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses, the desired amphiphilic block copolymer (PMML‐b‐POEGMA) is successfully synthesized by wavelength‐selective free radical photopolymerization under mild conditions. Finally, the DOX drug is loaded into the PMML‐b‐POEGMA micelles and then drug release behavior is investigated at two different pH (5.5 and 7.4) values. It is concluded from the results that PMML‐b‐POEGMA micelles may be used as an efficient nanocarrier to deliver conventional anti‐cancer drugs for combination chemotherapy.
Adaptive finite‐time super‐twisting sliding mode control for robotic manipulators with control backlash
Authors: Li Zeyu , Zhai Junyong , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article aims at the problem of trajectory tracking for industrial robotic manipulators with control backlash. An arctangent terminal sliding mode surface is developed to deal with the lumped disturbance and enhance the robustness of the system. A novel adaptive super‐twisting sliding mode control method is developed to achieve fast convergence and continuous control. The chattering in control law is surmounted by using super‐twisting method. The lumped disturbance with unknown upper bound is compensated with the help of the adaptive technique. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the sliding mode surface will be arrived in a finite time and the trajectory tracking error will converge to zero in a finite time. The feasibility of the proposed control scheme is validated through an example of a two‐link robotic manipulator.