bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Guide for Businesses and Employers Responding to Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): 4th edition
Authors:   Members of Occupational Health Committee on JSTH (Japanese Society of Travel and Health), Suzuki Hidetaka , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Hamada Atsuo , Nakano Akiyasu , Okoshi Hirofumi , Yamasawa Fumihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Japanese Society of Travel and Health (JSTH) and the Japanese Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) have compiled “Novel Coronavirus Information” together as a joint document, which has been shared with the public on their respective websites since February 2020. In May 11, 2020, this document was to be published as “A Guide for Businesses and Employers Responding to Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)” (hereinafter referred to as “this Guide”). This Guide was prepared for persons in charge of COVID-19 control measures in their workplace. It should be used at the discretion of each business operator according to their workplace environment. The examples of infection control measures shown in this Guide are not guaranteed to work for all situations, and they do not limit or bind actual measures being put in place. When selecting actual measures, it is necessary to obtain new information and thoroughly understand individual cases and situations. This Guide was prepared based on findings and reports about the virus and response measures taken by the relevant ministries (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, etc.) that could be confirmed as of December 15, 2020. Therefore, the contents of this Guide may need to be modified in the future, depending on changes in the situations mentioned above. In the preparation of this Guide, every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of currently obtainable information. However, neither JSTH or JSOH shall be held liable for any unfavorable circumstance, such as loss and damage (including lost profits and various expenses), harmful rumors, etc. experienced by a business operator, his/her employees, and any other persons concerned as a result of various measures considered/implemented using this Guide by persons responsible for infection control in the workplace.
KRAS mutant rectal cancer cells interact with surrounding fibroblasts to deplete the extracellular matrix
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Marco Michael R. , Choi Seo‐Hyun , Qu Xuan , Chen Chin‐Tung , Elkabets Moshe , Fairchild Lauren , Chow Oliver , Barriga Francisco M. , Dow Lukas E. , O’Rourke Kevin , Szeglin Bryan , Yarilin Dmitry , Fujisawa Sho , Manova‐Todorova Katia , Paty Philip B. , Shia Jinru , Leslie Christina , Smith J. Joshua , Lowe Scott , Pelossof Raphael , Sanchez‐Vega Francisco , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio 
Published: April 2021

Somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene are associated with poor outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer but the underlying biologic mechanisms are not fully understood. We profiled mRNA in 76 locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas from patients that were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial and investigated differences in gene expression between KRAS mutant (KRAS‐mt) and KRAS‐wild‐type (KRAS‐wt) patients. We found that KRAS‐mt tumors display lower expression of genes related to the tumor stroma and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. We validated our findings using samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and also by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) in orthogonal cohorts. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we show that oncogenic KRAS signaling within the epithelial cancer cells modulates the activity of the surrounding fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment.
Dosimetric feasibility of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy in pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation using intensity‐modulated proton therapy
Authors: Ren Xue‐Ying , He Peng‐Kang , Gao Xian‐Shu , Zhao Zhi‐Lei , Zhao Bo , Bai Yun , Liu Si‐Wei , Li Kang , Qin Shang‐Bin , Ma Ming‐Wei , Zhou Jing , Rong Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate dosimetric properties of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for simulated treatment planning in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) targeting left atrial‐pulmonary vein junction (LA‐PVJ), in comparison with volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and helical tomotherapy (TOMO).MethodsTen thoracic 4D‐CT scans with respiratory motion and one with cardiac motion were used for the study. Ten respiratory 4D‐CTs were planned with VMAT, TOMO, and IMPT for simulated AF. Targets at the LA‐PVJ were defined as wide‐area circumferential ablation line. A single fraction of 25 Gy was prescribed to all plans. The interplay effects from cardiac motion were evaluated based on the cardiac 4D‐CT scan. Dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) of the ITV and normal tissues were compared. Statistical analysis was evaluated via one‐way Repeated‐Measures ANOVA and Friedman’s test with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test.ResultsThe median volume of ITV was 8.72cc. All plans had adequate target coverage (V23.75Gy ≥ 99%). Compared with VMAT and TOMO, IMPT resulted in significantly lower dose of most normal tissues. For VMAT, TOMO, and IMPT plans, Dmean of the whole heart was 5.52 ± 0.90 Gy, 5.89 ± 0.78 Gy, and 3.01 ± 0.57 Gy (P < 0.001), mean dose of pericardium was 4.74 ± 0.76 Gy, 4.98 ± 0.62 Gy, and 2.59 ± 0.44 Gy (P < 0.001), and D0.03cc of left circumflex artery (LCX) was 13.96 ± 5.45 Gy, 14.34 ± 5.91 Gy, and 8.43 ± 7.24 Gy (P < 0.001), respectively. However, no significant advantage for one technique over the others was observed when examining the D0.03cc of esophagus and main bronchi.ConclusionsIMPT targeting LA‐PVJ for patients with AF has high potential to reduce dose to surrounding tissues compared to VMAT or TOMO. Motion mitigation techniques are critical for a particle‐therapy approach.
Neurofilament light chain is a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker in hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Kessler Christoph , Serna‐Higuita Lina M. , Rattay Tim W. , Maetzler Walter , Wurster Isabel , Hayer Stefanie , Wilke Carlo , Hengel Holger , Reichbauer Jennifer , Armbruster Marcel , Schöls Ludger , Martus Peter , Schüle Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite the need for diagnostics and research, data on fluid biomarkers in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) are scarce. We, therefore, explore Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia and provide information on the influence of demographic factors.MethodsThe study recruited 59 HSP cases (33 genetically confirmed) and 59 controls matched in age and sex. Neurofilament light chain levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The statistical analysis included the effects of age, sex, and genetic status (confirmed vs. not confirmed).ResultsLevels of CSF NfL were significantly increased in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia compared to controls (median 741 pg/mL vs. 387 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Age (1.4% annual increase) and male sex (81% increase) impacted CSF NfL levels in patients. The age‐dependent increase of CSF NfL levels was steeper in controls (2.6% annual increase). Thus, the CSF NfL ratio of patients and matched controls—expressing patients’ fold increases in CSF NfL—declined considerably with age.InterpretationCSF NfL is a reliable cross‐sectional biomarker in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Sex is a relevant factor to consider, as male patients have remarkably higher CSF NfL levels. While levels also increase with age, the gap between patients and controls is narrowing in older subjects. This indicates distinct temporal dynamics of CSF NfL in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia, with a rise around phenotypic conversion and comparatively static levels afterward.
Effect of TU‐100 on Peyer's patches in a bacterial translocation rat model
Authors: Takasu Chie , Miyazaki Katsuki , Yoshikawa Kozo , Nishi Masaaki , Tokunaga Takuya , Kashihara Hideya , Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Ogawa Hirohisa , Morine Yuji , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDaikenchuto (TU‐100), a Japanese herbal medicine, is widely used for various gastrointestinal diseases. We have previously reported that TU‐100 suppresses CPT‐11‐induced bacterial translocation (BT) by maintaining the diversity of the microbiome. In this study we show that TU‐100 modulates the immune response during BT by inducing PD‐1 expression in Peyer's patches.MethodsEighteen male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group; a control + TU‐100 group, given TU‐100 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 d; a BT group, given CPT‐11 250 mg/kg intra‐peritoneal for 2 d; and a TU‐100 group, given TU‐100 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 d with CPT‐11 250 mg/kg intra‐peritoneal on days 4 and 5.ResultsThe size of Peyer's patch was significantly bigger in the BT group compared to the control group (9.0 × 104 µm2 vs 29.4 × 104 µm2, P < .05), but improved in the TU‐100 group (15.4 × 104 µm2, P < .005). TU‐100 significantly induced PD‐1 expression in Peyer's patch compared to the control group and the BT group (control vs BT vs TU‐100 = 4.3 ± 4.9 vs 5.1 ± 10.3 vs 17.9 ± 17.8). The CD4+ cells were increased in the BT group (P < .05) compared to the control group but decreased in the TU‐100 group. The Foxp3+ cells were increased in the BT group compared to the control group (P < .05), and further increased in the TU‐100 group compared to the BT group. CPT‐11 significantly increased TLR4, NF‐κβ, TNF‐α mRNA expressions in the BT group. TU‐100 cotreatment significantly reversed these mRNA expressions.ConclusionTU‐100 may have a protective effect against BT through PD‐1 expression in Peyer's patch.
Communicating complex marine science: Does media format matter?
Authors: Kolandai‐Matchett Komathi , Armoudian Maria , Thrush Simon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Considering the deteriorated state of the ocean, maximizing the impact of scientists' media communication is essential for gaining public interest in, and support for, marine conservation initiatives. Unlike conventional news, that involves journalists' interpretation, the media Q&A offers scientists a way to convey insights on complex marine ecosystem issues in their own words. However, the Q&A approach for communicating marine science and conservation issues has not been empirically examined for format‐related differences in impact.
The modality theory in multimedia learning suggests that information is more effective for accelerating learning and retention when visuals are combined with narrated words, than when combined with written text. This study compared the effects of identically framed information presented in two different media Q&A formats: narrated multimedia (a video on YouTube) and written text with photos (designed to resemble an online mainstream news article). In both formats, a marine scientist explained the complex phenomenon of marine ecosystem tipping points.
In an online experiment, 116 respondents were randomly assigned to either view the video or read the article. Effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation were tested for format‐related differences. Data related to time spent on the interventions were used to test the effects of attention retention on awareness and motivation gains. Additionally, the study gauged participants' assessment about the effectiveness of the communication features and framings used and suggestions for enhancing communication effectiveness.
Findings showed positive effects on knowledge, awareness, and motivation irrespective of media format, suggesting that other communication aspects such as the messengers, the scientist's communication style, educative content, and message frames probably contributed to impact. Findings also suggest that multimedia formats, which tend to be more costly, may not necessarily be more effective.
The prevalence of mental illness and unmet needs of police custody detainees
Authors: Samele Chiara , McKinnon Iain , Brown Penelope , Srivastava Samir , Arnold Aleksandra , Hallett Nicholas , Forrester Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundInternationally, there is evidence of high rates of mental disorders amongst police custody detainees but this literature is limited, and there has been little research into the unmet needs of police detainees in the UK, or elsewhere. Such research could support better focussed interventions for improving health and recidivism outcomes.AimTo examine psychiatric and developmental morbidity amongst police detainees, and ascertain differences in need between morbidity categories.MethodWe used a cross‐sectional study design and interviewed a 40% sample of people entering police custody in one South London police station over a 2‐week period. A series of standardised measures was administered to screen for the presence of mental illness, general health and social care needs.ResultsA cohort of 134 people was generated, of whom nearly one‐third (39, 29%) had current mental illness (major depression and/or psychosis); more had a lifetime diagnosis (54, 40%). Just under a fifth met the threshold for post‐traumatic stress disorder (11, 8%). Clinically relevant alcohol or daily cannabis use affected about one quarter of the sample. Twenty‐one percent (or 28) screened positive for personality disorder, 11% (or 15) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 4% (6) for intellectual disability. Nearly one‐fifth (24, 18%) were at risk for suicide. Those with psychosis, and those deemed at risk for suicide, had the highest levels of unmet need and, indeed, overall need. The most frequent unmet need was for accommodation.ConclusionOur findings not only confirm high rates of mental health problems amongst police detainees but also demonstrate their high risk of suicide and high levels of unmet need, especially as regards accommodation. This underscores the need to provide mental health services in police stations, to help identify and resolve these issues at this early stage in the criminal justice system. Extending accommodation capacity to help some arrestees may help to save lives and interrupt cycling through the criminal justice system.
Primary age‐related EBV‐associated effusion‐based lymphoma successfully treated with rituximab and thoracentesis
Authors: Kuhlman Justin J. , Alhaj Moustafa Muhamad , Tun Alexander J. , Menke David M. , Tun Han W. , Jiang Liuyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEBV‐positive HHV8‐negative EBL is part of the spectrum of EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma NOS. This entity can be labeled as primary age‐related EBV‐associated EBL and appears to respond well to rituximab and thoracentesis.
Understanding the effects of counterfeit quality on consumer attitudes toward genuine brands: An associative judgment model
Authors: Astray Tatiana V. , Darke Peter R. , Tasa Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing an associative judgment framework, the authors examine the implications that negative feedback about counterfeit performance can have on subsequent evaluations for both the imitated genuine brand and competing genuine brands. Findings from two studies suggest that poor–quality counterfeits can carry over to produce negative evaluations for the target brand and closely associated competitors, but not to weakly associated competitors. These negative carry–over effects were qualified by country–of–origin differences and increased cognitive elaboration. These findings have important theoretical and managerial implications for the problems that counterfeits pose to genuine brands.
Longitudinal evaluation of multiple biomarkers for the detection of testosterone gel administration in women with normal menstrual cycle
Authors: Salamin Olivier , Nicoli Raul , Langer Tobias , Boccard Julien , Grundisch Carine Schweizer , Xu Cheng , Rudaz Serge , Kuuranne Tiia , Pitteloud Nelly , Saugy Martial 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn women, hormonal fluctuations related to the menstrual cycle may impose a great source of variability for some biomarkers of testosterone (T) administration, which can ultimately disrupt the sensitivity of their longitudinal monitoring. In this study, the sensitivity of the current urinary and haematological markers of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), as well as serum steroid biomarkers, was investigated for the monitoring of a 28‐day T gel treatment combined with endogenous fluctuation of the menstrual cycle in 14 healthy female subjects. Additionally, the analysis of urinary target compounds was performed on a subset of samples for endogenous/exogenous origin via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In serum, concentrations of T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased significantly during the treatment, whereas in urine matrix the most affected biomarkers were found to be the ratios of testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) and 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol/epitestosterone (5αAdiol/E). The detection capability of both urinary biomarkers was heavily influenced by [E], which fluctuated depending on the menstrual cycle, and resulted in low sensitivity of the urinary steroidal ABP module. On the contrary, an alternative approach by the longitudinal monitoring of serum T and DHT concentrations with the newly proposed T/androstenedione ratio showed higher sensitivity. The confirmatory IRMS results demonstrated that less than one third of the tested urine samples fulfilled the criteria for positivity. Results from this study demonstrated that the ‘blood steroid profile’ represents a powerful complementary approach to the ‘urinary module’ and underlines the importance of gathering bundle of evidence to support the scenario of an endogenous prohibited substance administration.
Rapid deforestation of a coastal landscape driven by sea‐level rise and extreme events
Authors: Ury Emily A. , Yang Xi , Wright Justin P. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change is driving ecological shifts in coastal regions of the world, where low topographic relief makes ecosystems particularly vulnerable to sea‐level rise, salinization, storm surge, and other effects of global climate change. The consequences of rising water tables and salinity can penetrate well inland, and lead to particularly dramatic changes in freshwater forested wetlands dominated by tree species with low salt tolerance. The resulting loss of coastal forests could have significant implications to the coastal carbon cycle. We quantified the rates of vegetation change including land loss, forest loss, and shrubland expansion in North Carolina’s largest coastal wildlife refuge over 35 yr. Despite its protected status, and in the absence of any active forest management, 32% (31,600 hectares) of the refuge area has changed landcover classification during the study period. A total of 1,151 hectares of land was lost to the sea and ~19,300 hectares of coastal forest habitat was converted to shrubland or marsh habitat. As much as 11% of all forested cover in the refuge transitioned to a unique land cover type—“ghost forest”—characterized by standing dead trees and fallen tree trunks. The formation of this ghost forest transition state peaked prominently between 2011 and 2012, following Hurricane Irene and a 5‐yr drought, with 4,500 ± 990 hectares of ghost forest forming during that year alone. This is the first attempt to map and quantify coastal ghost forests using remote sensing. Forest losses were greatest in the eastern portion of the refuge closest to the Croatan and Pamlico Sounds, but also occurred much further inland in low‐elevation areas and alongside major canals. These unprecedented rates of deforestation and land cover change due to climate change may become the status quo for coastal regions worldwide, with implications for wetland function, wildlife habitat, and global carbon cycling.
Long‐term trends in the phylogenetic and functional diversity of Anatidae in South China coastal wetlands
Authors: Che Xianli , Zhang Min , Zhao Xuebing , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Yanyan , Møller Anders Pape , Zou Fasheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecies loss has attracted much attention among scientists for more than half a century. However, we have little information on the trends in phylogenetic and functional changes behind the species loss although this information is always asynchronous and important for conservation and management. We measured community trends in Anatidae (ducks and geese) for the last 50 yr to quantify trends in phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns coinciding with taxonomic historical dynamics. We used one‐way ANOVAs to test if there was a significant historical trend in communities of Anatidae. We characterized taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of communities. For taxonomic diversity, we used species richness (SR). For phylogenetic diversity, we calculated the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances (ses.MPD) and the standard effect size of mean nearest taxon distances (ses.MNTD) in communities. For functional diversity, we calculated functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), and the community‐level weighted means (CWM) of trait values for diet, foraging stratum, and body mass, separately. From the 1950s to 2010s, species richness declined without significant trends. The ses.MNTD of Anatidae communities showed no clear trends. However, ses.MPD of Anatidae communities declined dramatically during this period. For functional diversity, functional evenness of diet, foraging stratum, body mass, and functional dispersion of diet, foraging stratum did not increase or decline significantly. However, functional evenness of all traits, functional richness, and functional dispersion of body mass showed declined trends. The basic phylogenetic diversity and species body mass of Anatidae communities declined significantly because of a declining trend in the relative independent branch of geese. This makes it more challenging for implement community recovery in the future. More attention in conservation biology should consider taxonomic diversity and asynchrony in phylogenetic and functional diversity.