bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually Transmitted Infections Among US Women and Men: Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2018
Authors: Kreisel Kristen M. , Spicknall Ian H. , Gargano Julia W. , Lewis Felicia M.T. , Lewis Rayleen M. , Markowitz Lauri E. , Roberts Henry , Johnson Anna Satcher , Song Ruiguang , St. Cyr Sancta B. , Weston Emily J. , Torrone Elizabeth A. , Weinstock Hillard S. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The most recent estimates of the number of prevalent and incident sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States were for 2008. We provide updated estimates for 2018 using new methods.

Methods
We estimated the total number of prevalent and incident infections in the United States for 8 STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, sexually transmitted hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted HIV. Updated per-capita prevalence and incidence estimates for each STI were multiplied by the 2018 full resident population estimates to calculate the number of prevalent and incident infections. STI–specific estimates were combined to generate estimates of the total number of prevalent and incident STIs overall, and by sex and age group. Primary estimates are represented by medians, and uncertainty intervals are represented by the 25th (Q1) and 75th (Q3) percentiles of the empirical frequency distributions of prevalence and incidence for each STI.

Results
In 2018, there were an estimated 67.6 (Q1, 66.6; Q3, 68.7) million prevalent and 26.2 (Q1, 24.0; Q3, 28.7) million incident STIs in the United States. Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus comprised 97.6% of all prevalent and 93.1% of all incident STIs. Persons aged 15 to 24 years comprised 18.6% (12.6 million) of all prevalent infections; however, they comprised 45.5% (11.9 million) of all incident infections.

Conclusions
The burden of STIs in the United States is high. Almost half of incident STIs occurred in persons aged 15 to 24 years in 2018. Focusing on this population should be considered essential for national STI prevention efforts.
Suicide by an Unusual Compound
Authors: Fenu Elena M. , Brower Justin O. , O'Neill Tiffany E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Forensic pathologists may sometimes encounter cases of suicide with ingestion of unusual compounds. Herein, we describe a case of suicide by ingestion of barium acetate. Deaths by ingestion of this compound have not previously been reported in literature. This case shows the clinical presentation of the toxicity of barium compounds and highlights the importance of scene investigation and clinicopathologic correlation in suicides by unusual ingestion.
Autopsy Education in Canadian Pathology Programs
Authors: Multan Michael , Alakija Pauline , Orde Matthew , White Steven 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
This survey of Canadian pathology residents was designed to quantify the number of autopsies Canadian residents aim to complete during residency training, to better understand the perception of residents about access and quality of autopsy skills education. In addition, the interest of current pathology residents in autopsy and forensic pathology as a future career was also assessed.

Methods
A web-based survey was sent to all Canadian pathology residents. This survey consisted of 19 questions on institution, level of training, intention to complete the American Board of Pathology examination, number of autopsies completed, perception of quality/access to autopsy skills education, interest, and factors contributing to autopsy and forensic pathology.

Results
Eighty two (26%) of a possible 310 residents (12/47 general pathology, 70/263 anatomical pathology) across all Canadian institutions offering anatomical or general pathology programs (16/16 institutions) participated in the survey. Eighty-three percent of the respondents rated autopsy education as either very important or important. Fifty-five percent of the respondents intended to either challenge the American Board of Pathology examination or wanted the option to do so in the future, whereas only 47% of the participants agreed that all residents who wish to challenge the examination will easily be able to complete 50 autopsies during residency. Only 18% of the respondents were interested in performing autopsies as a major part of their career, and a combined 52% were only interested in performing autopsies to secure a desired position or felt that having to do autopsies would be a job deterrent. The quality of autopsy teaching received and the number of autopsies performed was identified as the most significant factors affecting interest in performing autopsies as part of a future career. A combined 68% of the respondents felt that the job market in forensic pathology in Canada was either good (better than most subspecialties) or very good (more jobs than graduating fellows). Seventy-one percent (12/17) of postgraduate year 5 respondents reported having completed 50 or more autopsies at the time of survey completion. Eleven percent of the respondents did not agree that all residents who document having completed an autopsy at their institution will have participated in all 8 essential autopsy tasks. Twenty four (29%) of the 82 respondents provided detailed narrative comments.

Discussion
Most Canadian pathology residents believe that autopsy education is an important component of residency training. Limited access to quality autopsy teaching seems to be an important factor in resident interest in forensic pathology as a future career, despite a perceived good job market in comparison with most other subspecialties.
Effect of Case Management on HIV Outcomes for Community Corrections Population: Results of an 18-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Crable Erika L. , Blue Thomas R. , McKenzie Michelle , Rich Josiah D. , Gordon Michael S. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Evidence-based interventions that engage community-dwelling, justice-involved, people living with HIV (PLWH) in care are urgently needed. Project Bridge, an intensive case management intervention, has demonstrated efficacy for linking PLWH to care transitioning from prison to the community. We assessed whether a modified Project Bridge model was effective for increasing rates of HIV treatment engagement, antiretroviral therapy receipt, and adherence for community-dwelling individuals supervised on probation and parole.

Setting:
Baltimore, Maryland

Methods:
In this study, the 18-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial in which PLWH were also on probation or parole received either Project Bridge (n = 50) or treatment as usual (n = 50) were assessed. HIV treatment engagement (primary outcome), antiretroviral therapy prescription, and adherence (secondary outcomes) are evaluated using the intent-to-treat approach.

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences in rates of HIV treatment engagement, antiretroviral therapy prescription receipt, or adherence between groups over the 18-month study period. Across groups, participants were 5.6 times more likely to receive HIV care, 5.8 times more likely to receive an antiretroviral therapy prescription, and 4 times more likely to report antiretroviral therapy adherence at each follow-up period.

Conclusions:
Future research is needed to identify potentially less-intensive interventions that target the unique needs of PLWH under community supervision.
124I-PET/CT–Guided Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer to the Pancreas
Authors: Wong Bernadette Z. Y. , Dickie Graeme , Garcia Peter , Scott Dominique , Pattison David A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metastasis to the pancreas from differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare. A new pancreatic lesion was identified on surveillance imaging of a man with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma 7 years after initial diagnosis. Imaging with 124I-PET/CT was performed to noninvasively confirm metastatic thyroid cancer and provide prospective dosimetry to guide selection of a safe and effective administered activity of 131I. This case demonstrates the emerging role of 124I-PET/CT as a useful diagnostic scan, pretherapy scan, and dosimetric tool to deliver personalized therapy for patients with metastatic thyroid cancer.
Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy in Pulmonary Vein Occlusion After Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Jobanputra Kamlesh , Oz Orhan K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe functional and anatomical imaging findings in an 86-year-old woman who was treated for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 5 years ago with radiofrequency ablation. She had been symptom-free for 4 years. Five years after the ablation, she presented with exertional dyspnea of several months’ duration. She had left bundle branch block and aortic insufficiency with normal ejection fraction on 2-dimensional echocardiogram, none of which explained her symptoms. A CT coronary angiogram showed no obstructive coronary artery disease: Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System category 1. Complete occlusion of the left superior pulmonary vein was, however, noted at its origin. Lung perfusion scintigraphy was obtained to evaluate differential perfusion.
Porta Hepatic Schwannoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Ozguven Salih , Ones Tunc , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells of neural sheath. They can occur in any part of the body. However, the most common locations are the head, neck, spinal cord, and extremities. Schwannoma in the porta hepatis is extremely rare. Herein, we describe a case of porta hepatic schwannoma in a 36-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain for a month.
Cortisol-Producing Adrenal Adenomas With Intense Activity on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT
Authors: Ding Jie , Tong Anli , Zhang YuShi , Zhang Hui , Huo Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor type 4 as a G-protein–coupled receptor has been confirmed to be highly expressed in functional adrenocortical adenomas. 68Ga-pentixafor, a CXC chemokine receptor type 4–specific ligand, has been reported as a promising tracer to evaluate functional nature of adrenal adenomas. We report intense 68Ga-pentixafor activity of cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas in 2 patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone–independent Cushing syndrome.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Prostate Stromal Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential
Authors: Fabio Minutoli , Alfredo Blandino , Antonella Cinquegrani , Stefano Pergolizzi , Sergio Baldari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 79-year-old man presented with dysuria and increased serum prostate-specific antigen level (21 ng/mL). MRI revealed bulky prostate enlargement but was inconclusive in revealing neoplastic lesions. Nevertheless, because of high clinical suspicion for neoplasm, transrectal biopsy revealed stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential mixed with foci of low-grade primitive prostate stromal sarcoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed high FDG uptake consistent with neoplasm in the lower part of the hypertrophic prostate gland and focal areas of elevated FDG uptake, consistent with metastases in the spine, ribs, and femur.
Effects of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering and Fruiting ofGlycyrrhiza uralensis
Authors: Yan Binbin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiaobo , Wang Sheng , Cui Jie , Sun Kai , Wang Tielin , Kang Chuanzhi , Sun Jiahui , Ge Yang , Guo Lanping , Wang Wenquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) play an important role in flower bud differentiation and seed-filling; however, the effects of these elements on the flowering and fruiting ofGlycyrrhiza uralensisFisch. are not known. In this study, we evaluated the differences in the C, N, P, and K levels between the fruiting and nonfruiting plants ofG. uralensisat different growth stages. The correlations between the elements C, N, P, and K and the flower and fruit falling rates, rate of empty seeds, rate of shrunken grains, and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were also determined. The results show that the P and K levels and C:N, P:N, and K:N ratios of flowering plants are significantly higher than those of nonflowering plants; N level of flowering plants is significantly lower than that of nonflowering plants at the flower bud differentiation stage. The number of inflorescences was positively correlated with C and K levels and C:N and K:N ratios. A low level of C, P, and K and high level of N in flowering and pod setting stage may lead to the flower and fruit drop ofG. uralensis. The K level is significantly negatively correlated with the rates of empty and shrunken seeds. The N level is significantly positively correlated with TKW. Thus, high levels of C, P, and K might be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, while higher levels of N is not beneficial to the flower bud formation ofG. uralensis. Higher levels of N and K at the filling stage were beneficial to the seed setting and seed-filling ofG. uralensis.HighlightHigh levels of C, P, and K might be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, while higher levels of N is not beneficial to the flower bud formation ofG. uralensis. Higher levels of N and K at the filling stage were beneficial to the seed setting and seed-filling ofG. uralensis.
On mobility trends analysis of COVID-19 dissemination in Mexico City
Authors: Prieto Kernel , Chávez-Hernández M. Victoria , RomeroLeiton Jhoana P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work presents a forecast of the spread of the new coronavirus in Mexico City based on a mathematical model with metapopulation structure by using Bayesian Statistics inspired in a data-driven approach. The mobility of humans on a daily basis in Mexico City is mathematically represented by a origin-destination matrix using the open mobility data from Google and a Transportation Mexican Survey. This matrix, is incorporated in a compartmental model. We calibrate the model against borough-level incidence data collected between February 27, 2020 and October 27, 2020 using Bayesian inference to estimate critical epidemiological characteristics associated with the coronavirus spread. Since working with metapopulation models lead to rather high computational time consume, we do a clustering analysis based on mobility trends in order to work on these clusters of borough separately instead of taken all the boroughs together at once. This clustering analysis could be implemented in smaller or lager scale in different part of the world. In addition, this clustering analysis is divided in the phases that the government of Mexico City has set up to restrict the individuals movement in the city. Also, we calculate the reproductive number in Mexico City using the next generation operator method and the inferred model parameters. The analysis of mobility trends can be helpful in public health decisions.
Genome evolution of a non-parasitic secondary heterotroph, the diatomNitzschia putrida
Authors: Kamikawa Ryoma , Mochizuki Takako , Sakamoto Mika , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Nakayama Takuro , Onuma Ryo , Cenci Ugo , Moog Daniel , Speak Samuel , Sarkozi Krisztina , Toseland Andrew , van Oosterhout Cock , Oyama Kaori , Kato Misako , Kume Keitaro , Kayama Motoki , Azuma Tomonori , Ishii Ken-ichiro , Miyashita Hideaki , Henrissat Bernard , Lombard Vincent , Win Joe , Kamoun Sophien , Kashiyama Yuichiro , Mayama Shigeki , Miyagishima Shin-ya , Tanifuji Goro , Mock Thomas , Nakamura Yasukazu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecondary loss of photosynthesis is observed across almost all plastid-bearing branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genome-based insights into the transition from a phototroph into a secondary heterotroph have so far only been revealed for parasitic species. Free-living organisms can yield unique insights into the evolutionary consequence of the loss of photosynthesis, as the parasitic lifestyle requires specific adaptations to host environments. Here we report on the diploid genome of the free-living diatomNitzschia putrida(35 Mbp), a non-photosynthetic osmotroph whose photosynthetic relatives contribute ca. 40% of net oceanic primary production. Comparative analyses with photosynthetic diatoms revealed that a combination of genes loss, the horizontal acquisition of genes involved in organic carbon degradation, a unique secretome and the rapid divergence of conserved gene families involved in cell wall and extracellular metabolism appear to have facilitated the lifestyle of a non-parasitic, free-living secondary heterotroph.
A multiscale model suggests that a moderately weak inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by type I IFN could accelerate the clearance of the virus
Authors: Bouchnita Anass , Tokarev Alexey , Volpert Vitaly 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible RNA virus that emerged in China at the end of 2019 and caused a large global outbreak. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune response is complex because it is regulated by various processes taking part at the intracellular, tissue, and host levels. To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19, we formulate a multiscale model that integrate the main mechanisms which regulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 across multiple scales. The model describes the effect of type I interferon on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 inside cells. At the tissue level, we simulate the interactions between infected cells and immune cells using a hybrid agent-based representation. At the same time, we model the dynamics of virus spread and adaptive immune response in the host organism. After model validation, we demonstrate that a moderately weak inhibition of virus replication by type I IFN could elicit a strong adaptive immune response which accelerates the clearance of the virus. Furthermore, numerical simulations suggest that the deficiency of lymphocytes and not dendritic cells could lead to unfavourable outcomes in the elderly population.
Functional roles of GRP78 in hepatitis B virus infectivity and antigen secretion
Authors: Suwanmanee Yadarat , Wada Masami , Ueda Keiji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractViruses utilize cellular proteins to mediate their life cycle. However, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle is still mysterious and remains to be elucidated. Here, GRP78/BiP/HSPA5, a 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein, was identified as a preS2 interacting protein. Pulldown assay showed the interaction of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) with both the preS2 domain‐containing large S and middle S proteins expressed in a human hepatocellular cell line. The immunofluorescence studies revealed that the preS2 colocalized with GRP78. Interestingly, it was found that preS2 specifically bound to the ATPase domain of GRP78. To understand how GRP78 plays a role in HBV infection, stably GRP78‐expressing cells were established, which promoted HBV infectivity and replication. In contrast, knockdown of GRP78 changed the HBV antigen secretion but not the viral DNA amplification. Taken together, these results suggest that GRP78 should interact with preS2 via the ATPase domain and modulate both the HBV infectivity and HBV antigen secretion.
Prestack seismic data interpolation and enhancement with common‐reflection‐surface–based migration and demigration
Authors: Garabito German 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe standard common‐reflection‐surface stacking method simulates high‐quality zero‐offset stacked data from multi‐coverage prestack data and, as by‐products, provides three kinematic wavefield attributes in two dimensions that can be applied to solve reflection seismic problems. One of the most significant applications of those attributes is for interpolation and enhancement of prestack data through the partial common‐reflection‐surface stack approach. Because this interpolation method is based on the stacking process, it usually introduces spurious noises that can create artefacts in the migration results. In order to overcome these limitations, a new prestack data interpolation and enhancement method is presented by applying the attributes and the common‐reflection‐surface operator based on two fundamental seismic imaging operations: the Kirchhoff‐type time migration and demigration. The diffraction curves required to apply these two fundamental operations are particular cases of the common‐reflection‐surface stack operator, which better fits the diffraction events and, consequently, is the best approximation for the Kirchhoff migration operator. From synthetic and real data, impulse responses of the migration and demigration operations are shown to demonstrate how this new approach regularizes and interpolates prestack data. A simple synthetic example shows good accuracy for reconstructed reflection events and well‐resolved conflicting dip events. The application example in real data reveals that the proposed approach provides cleaner regularized sections with better reconstructed events than the results of the well‐known partial common‐reflection‐surface stack approach. It has been successfully shown that the proposed approach is a well‐founded alternative for interpolation and denoising of seismic data and produces better preconditioned data for prestack migration.
Holding onto the ‘mystery’ within online family and systemic therapy
Authors: Cronin Irene , Judson Andrew , Ekdawi Isabelle , Verma Gauri , Baum Sandra , Grant Paula , Harrison‐Rowe Hannah , Parker Joel , Ramsey Bethan , Nicholson Jacqueline , Waterman Colin , Simpson Elaine , Nash Helen , Weetman Hannah , Adams John 
Published: January 2021

Covid‐19 has led to a shift towards online therapy. This paper focuses on therapists’ experiences of translating systemic practice online with families. A range of UK services are represented, including community, inpatient, adult and children services. A social construction theory, coordinated management of meaning, is used to understand online family and systemic therapy. The new context of online therapy influenced all other levels of the therapeutic encounter including content and structure of sessions, therapeutic relationship, therapists’ identity and culture of therapy. The relationship between ‘doing’ online therapy and reflecting on practice has been central in co‐constructing new ways of interacting. There were many similarities across services, where there were differences these were client and context specific. As better ways of engaging emerged, therapists became more confident, creativity in therapy increased and attitudes about online therapy became more positive.Practitioner points

Online systemic therapy is possible across adult and children services at different tiers within community and inpatient settings.

CMM provides a framework to understand communication in online therapy.

Online therapy requires reconsiderations at all levels of the therapeutic encounter.

Increased confidence and competence correlates with positive attitudes about online therapy.

Online therapy is impacting on the overall evolving culture of therapy.
Hong Kong's New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Sticky information or sticky price?
Authors: Hung Tsz H. , Kwan Yum K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the validity of Hong Kongʼs New Keynesian Phillips Curve, focusing on the sticky price and the sticky information model. Drawing on Hong Kongʼs quarterly data 1982Q1–2017Q2, we find that (a) both models can account for the cyclical movements of the observed inflation dynamics, but the sticky information model appears to be better in predictive performance; (b) the Hong Kong economy is characterized by substantial price rigidity but very low information rigidity; and (c) the sticky‐information model highlights the importance of past expectations in explaining the inflation dynamics in Hong Kong.