bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of bioethanol production from tapioca flour waste through the addition of a starter and fermentation duration
Authors: Amalia A V , Widiatningrum T , Herdiyanti R D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The production of tapioca flour often results in waste problems that have not been handled properly. Utilization of solid waste tapioca flour as an alternative energy for bioenergy is an energy innovation that is renewable and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioethanol content of tapioca flour waste based on variations in the addition of a starter and variations in fermentation time. The research method used was an experimental method with quantitative data collection. One of the industrial wastes is solid tapioca starch waste in the form of onggok and cassava peels used as the sample. The procedures of this research were: isolation of cassava peels and onggok, hydrolysis and fermentation. The study was conducted with 8 variations of treatment, namely a mixture of cassava skin-onggok plus a 24 hours starter, cassava skin plus a 24hours starter, a mixture of cassava-onggok skin plus a starter, cassava skin plus starter, a mixture of cassava skin-onggok starter for 24 hours and Cassava skin D-1 starter 24 hours. Duration of fermentation treatments on the sample were 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 30 days. The results showed that the mixture of cassava peel and onggok added directly to the starter without waiting 24 hours was the most significant, the alcohol percentage is 55% and the glucose percentage is 17% with a 7 days of fermentation. It can be concluded that solid tapioca starch waste in the form of cassava peels and onggok had potential in bioethanol production with the addition of an optimal starter and not too long fermentation time.
Molecular, morphological, and biochemical identification of sembada merah and sembada hitam rice (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Kristamtini  , Indrasari S D , Widyayanti S , Andriyanto R , Sumarno  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sembada Merah and Sembada Hitam rice were Sleman Yogyakarta Local Genetic Resources which have potential as a functional food. This study aimed to determine the molecular, morphological, and biochemical character of Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice. Molecular identification using RM 220, RM 224 and RM 252 microsatellite markers was carried out in Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of UGM Yogyakarta. Morphological identification including plant, stem, leaf, flower, panicle and grain character was carried out at AIAT Yogyakarta, meanwhile biochemical identification (amylose and anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) content) was conducted in Indonesian Center for Rice Research. Those two rice varieties were identified with Segreng Handayani as a check. The results showed that Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice differ of molecularly, morphologically, and biochemically so that Sembada Hitam and Sembada Merah rice are separate varieties.
Distribution and ecology of mosquito larvae in Pahandut subdistrict, Palangkaraya city
Authors: Augustina I , Jabal A R , Permana G I , Ratnasari A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. This study aimed to navigate and analyze the presence of mosquito larvae in the environment of Pahandut District collected and documented from Langkai, Panarung, Pahandut, Tanjung Pinang, Pahandut Seberang, and Tumbang Rungan urban village in Pahandut Sub-District. The collected samples were examined in Biomedic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Palangka Raya University. The distribution larvae was dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus which was 20.89% in Langkai urban village, Culex quinquefasciatus was 14.24% in Panarung urban village, Aedes aegypti was 5.41% in Pahandut urban village. In Pahandut Seberang and Tumbang Rungan urban village were dominated by Aedes albopictus larvae (17.18% and 7.02% respectively). Most mosquito breeding habitats in ditches were 16.9% in Panarung urban villages. This reported the existence of mosquito breeding habitats in the environment which was significant to the abundance of mosquito larvae, and the observed conditions were thought to be the cause of the disease spread in Pahandut Sub-District.
Species richness of Pteridophyta in Mount Merbabu National Park
Authors: Rahayuningsih M , Rahayu ES , Pratiwi AN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mount Merbabu National Park is a conservation area with a high diversity of unique flora and fauna. The purpose of this study was an inventory of Plantae Divisio of Pteridophyta in Mount Merbabu National Park, Selo, Boyolali Regency. The method used wes exploration with a zoning system, namely the utilization zone and the core zone. The results were analyzed descriptively on characteristics, habitus, benefits, and distribution. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the diversity of Pteridophyta was 41 species in 2 classes and 14 families. Pteridophyta in 2 classes, namely Lycopodiinae and Filicinae. The species included in the Lycopodiinae were Class are Lycopodium clavatum and Huperzia squarrosa. Other species belong to the Class Filicinae. Pteridophyta characteristics that are most easily seen are sorus and leaf shape. Pteridophyta whose terrestrial habitus was more dominant than epiphytic habitus. The benefits of Pteridophyta include ornamental plants, growing media, various kinds of traditional medicine, and a mixture of organic fertilizers. The spread of Pteridophyta is in a place where the higher it is, the Pteridophyta is, the less the number of Pteridophyta is. Pteridophyta in Sabana with an altitude of 2,571 masl, there was only one species, namely Pteridium aquillinum.
Needs analysis of biodiversity encyclopedia on Mount Ungaran
Authors: Setyorini D , Rahayuningsih M , Andin I , Setiati N 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the needs analysis of biodiversity encyclopedia on Mount Ungaran Central Java. This research method was descriptive qualitative. This research method using questionnaires and interviews to obtain data with a Likert Scale. The sampling technique is purposive sampling by considering the biological abilities of students. The total population of all students of class X MIPA SMAN 2 Ungaran is 210. The sample is 58 people from each of the 6 classes and class X biology teachers. The results of the analysis showed that the students are currently using the learning resources in the form of textbooks, Student worksheets (LKS), and PowerPoint (PPT). The use of books is still less clearly describing biodiversity based on the potential of the school’s environment. as much as 63,79% reveal that the material biodiversity yet has the uniqueness as well as utilizing local potential. As much as 70,68% of students said they need to learn the material biodiversity based on the local potential, especially in Mount Ungaran in Encyclopedia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop learning resources on biodiversity to utilize local schools’ potential.
Soil Nematode identification service and training in the new normal
Authors: Gafur A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nematodes constitute one of the key components of soil ecosystems, and further studies are needed to explore the roles of each nematode taxon in soil ecosystems. Nematode communities can serve as bioindicator of soil health. However, the two points necessitate accurate identification of existing nematode taxa which in Indonesia is challenging due to the insufficient skill of workers and lack of identification service. The present study was aimed to explore the prospect of online nematode identification training and service as a solution to the above problem. A video conference with 38 participants was held during which still and video images of nematodes examined under a microscope were shared. The results showed that most participants reported clear images with minimum delay, although a smaller percentage had problems related to unstable internet connection. Therefore, the present study suggested the possibility of online nematode identification training and service. In this paper some procedures and setups are proposed for implementing such services, emphasizing on online activities during New Normal and beyond. Fully online or blended deliveries are proposed with increasing nematode handling skill development but also increasing need of access to laboratory facilities. The blended program is extensible to the post-pandemic state or new normal schemes of such activities have been proposed. The present paper also argues that Indonesia needs to build center(s) of nematode collection employing specialist taxonomists who can identify nematodes and are competent in providing identification services.
Probiotic characterization of Bacillus subtilis SM10.1
Authors: City S , Sugata M , Jan T T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As compared to common probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus species has the advantage of being able to produce spores that withstand extreme conditions and long storage period. One of the Bacillus species that has been reported to have probiotic properties is Bacillus subtilis. However, different bacterial strains of the same species might exhibit completely different abilities. Therefore, the specific properties of individual strains should be well-defined. In this study, Bacillus subtilis SM10.1 were examined in vitro for its probiotic properties such as low pH tolerance, bile salt resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, auto- and co-aggregation, and adhesion ability to epithelial cells. Based on the results, spores of B. subtilis SM10.1 showed more tolerance to low pH than vegetative cells. Nevertheless, the vegetative cells of B. subtilis SM10.1 were resistant to bile salts. B. subtilis SM10.1 exhibited antimicrobial activity and high auto-aggregation ability. Its co-aggregation ability with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was also strong. B. subtilis SM10.1 demonstrated adherence ability to the buccal epithelial cell and was only resistance to streptomycin, bacitracin, and clindamycin among twenty-three kinds of antibiotics. The results of this study suggested that B. subtilis SM10.1 has potential as a probiotic strain. However, further investigation is required for the use of B. subtilis SM10.1 in human.
Turning waste into valuable products: utilization of agroindustrial oily wastes as the low-cost media for microbial lipase production
Authors: Fibriana F , Upaichit A , Cheirsilp B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cost-effective production of lipase by microorganisms are currently needed. The bioconversion of agro-industrial oily wastes as an alternative oily substrate for lipase production in the form of solid-state fermentation (SSF) or submerged fermentation (SmF) would hold a potential role in future biotechnology. There are some studies revealed that yeast, fungi, and bacteria are the choice for lipase production such as from the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Candida, Geotrichum, Stenotrophomonas, Lasiodiplodia, and Yarrowia, as well as Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus utilizing several residues such as oil cakes and oily wastewater. In this review, the microbial lipase production conducted by many scientists utilizing agro-industrial oily wastes as the substrates is summarized.
Callus induction from tuber of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) on MS media supplemented by 2,4-D and kinetin
Authors: Habibah N A , Safitri S , Pratiwi Y R , Wijawati N , Musafa F , Puspitasari A D S , Yuniastuti A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lesser yam contains active pharmaceutical compounds. Secondary metabolic production of lesser yam plants takes time because of the long harvest period. Callus induction can be used to acquire active compounds in relatively short periods. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin combination in inducing lesser yam callus in light and dark conditions. The research design used was a two-factor randomized block design, namely the combination of PGR (2,4-D 1 ppm + kinetin 1 ppm, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + kinetin 1 ppm, 2,4-D 1 ppm + kinetin 0.5 ppm, 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + kinetin 0.5 ppm) and lightness conditions (light and dark). The observed parameters included callus appearance time, percentage of callus formation, and callus color and texture. The results showed that the combination of 0.5 ppm 2,4-D + 0.5 ppm kinetin in light conditions indicated the fastest callus time. Meanwhile, the percentage of explants with the highest callus was shown in all treatments in dark conditions by 100%. The calluses produced in light conditions were generally green with a friable texture, calluses in dark conditions were generally white and had friable texture.
Species richness of mosses in selo hiking trails mount merbabu national park
Authors: Fitriani A A , Rahayuningsih M , Rahayu E S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bryophyte are a group of low vascular plants that are not vascular, small, can grow in several substrates and tend to have a humid habitat. Mount Merbabu National Park (TNGMb) is a forest area located in the Mount Merbabu area, which is located in three districts, namely Magelang Regency, Boyolali Regency and Semarang Regency (Central Java Province). The purpose of this study was to analyze the species richness of bryophyte along the Merbabu climbing track through Selo, Boyolali. The method used is the exploration or exploration method. The results of bryophyte that were successfully recorded and identified were 11 families and 15 species, namely Marchantia emarginata, Marchantia polymorpha, Marchantia inflexa, Asterella limbata, Bryum capillare, Rhodobryum ontariense, Brachytecium runtabulum, Barbula indica, Lagiomnium succulentum, Pseudosleropendodium purum flabellatum, Ectropothecium dealbatum, Funaria hygrometrica, Leucobryum Javaness. The Bryophytes that are often encountered are Bryopsida and Marchantiaceae
Spesies richness of Orchidaceae in Selo Resort Mount Merbabu National Park Central Java
Authors: Khoirurrais M , Rahayuningsih M , Saptono S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mount Merbabu National Park with an area management system into 5 resort areas, namely Selo, Wonolelo, Pakis, Kopeng, Ampel and diversity in these places is highly and still sustainable. One of the plants that has a high diversity of species is the orchid (Orchidaceae). Orchids are a family of plants that have a fairly high variation and are very interesting. It is estimated that in the world there are about 20,000 species. This study aims to determine the species richness of orchids in mount Merbabu National Park resort Selo. This study uses the cruising method by making observations along the path with a radius of 10 m to the right and 10 m to the left. then recorded any orchid species found. The research found 7 species of orchids in mount Merbabu National Park resort Selo : Habenaria multipartita, Oberonia similis, Liparis pallida, Malaxis kobi, Coelegyne sp, Bulbophyllum flavescens, and Cheirostylis sp.
Morphology characteristic of some local durian from Kulon Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Widyayanti S , Wirasti C A , Kristamtini  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Kulon Progo is one of the regencies in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta which has diverse of plant genetic resources, one is durian (Durio zibethinus). Exploration and characterization of durian genetic resources have been carried out. Durian diversity can be determined by characterization and it is also an effort to complete information in registering process of local varieties. Registration and releasing varieties are an effort that must be made to provide legal protection for the status of variety ownership. Characterization was done using descriptor for durian. The aim of this research was to determine some of Kulon Progo local durian diversity based on their morphology characteristic and then analysed it to determine similarity among cultivars by cluster analysis. Method research was exploration. The results showed that there were six local durian from Kulon Progo : Menoreh Kuning, Menoreh Jambon, Promasan, Banjar, Kendil and Cempli. Based on morphological characteristic, there were three groups of Kulon Progo local durian, namely group I consisting of Banjar, Kendil, Cempli and Menoreh Jambon, group II (Promasan) and group III (Menoreh Kuning).
Characteristics of productive broodstock based on body length and gonad histology of eel (Monopterus albus) in Semarang
Authors: Setiati N , Partaya  , Ngabekti S , Priyono B , Rabiha S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of productive broodstock based on body length and histological gonad description of eels in Semarang. Samples of catched eels in various sizes, each measured its length and weight, determined its sex, recorded morphologically and made microtechnic histological description of gonads. Based on description of gonad hyostology, the eels body length is 28-32 cm for female and consists of egg cells set, which are in 32-36 cm is intersex, the egg cell is decreased sperm cells begin to develop and those are in 37-45 cm. Based on IKG eels obtained in four subdistricts, the egg size cannot be measured because they are in 1.7 to 2.3 mm. Based on gonads microscopic view and visual body length at TKG II, TKG III and IV consisted of eggs and sperm. While eels IKG obtained the most are 25 eels in IKG class 2.829943-3.829943. Conclusion of this research showed that productive female eels have an average body length of 26 - 34 cm with a morphology characteristic sharp head, greenish skin color on the back and yellowish white on the abdomen. Productive male eels have a body length in 54 - 60 cm with a morphological characteristic is greenish brown back, brownish yellow belly, large head and nape size, slightly short tail and blunt ends.
Trends to the development of combined foods to create functional foods
Authors: Bintari S H , Putri M F , Saputro D D , Suwahyo  , Sunyoto  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An overview of functional food trends from food combinations of several ingredients has been seen. Prediction of functional food through the realization of a combination of several foodstuffs, namely the combination of animal and vegetable ingredients and their relationship with fermented food continues to increase. In the pandemic era, people need healthy foods that are comprehensively contained in combination foods in one type of food. This has an impact on increasing the nutrients in it. According to functional food studies, it is said that if the food is a daily diet containing important nutrient sources, ie. protein, dietary fiber, probiotic bacteria, antioxidants, halal and good food. Currently, dietary changes are taking place, namely towards a more diverse diet. Changes in food consumption at the lowest level to the region to the global level must meet the criteria for healthy food and good for overall health. During the Cofid-19 period, people needed to make a switch to eating foods with complete nutrition, variety and health. During the last 8 months the implications of food for health have increased. Several types of functional food have been realized as a result of a combination of animal-plant complex foods and their micronutrient and antioxidant elements, such as milkfish and tempeh; meat with tempeh, wheat flour with tempeh. It turns out that the food products produced are preferred and have a trend that can be developed widely for now and in the future. The impact will be beneficial for business actors, agriculture, human health and the environment.
Species Richness of spermatophytes in Mranak forest area of mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Alimah S , Mujabah I S , Abdullah M , Hadiyanti L N , Mubarok I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Forest clearing that has been used as agricultural land in Mount Prau is increasing. As a result, the sustainability of biodiversity, natural habitat of mountain forest and natural resources are increasingly under threat. However, green, and natural landscapes of mountain forest can still be found in eastern and northern slopes of Mount Prau. Although at lower slopes already contain agricultural land, the rate of forest encroachment for conversion to agricultural land is relatively slow. Mranak forest in Genting Gunung village, Sukorejo sub-district, Kendal district is one forest area that still in good condition. This forest is one of the unofficial hiking routes to the top of Mount Prau. This study aims to assess species richness of seed plants (Spermatophytes) in the Mranak forest. The exploration method was used to assess plant species. Based on preliminary field study, four observation areas were determined at different altitudes (1600, 1900, 2100, and 2300 meter above sea level). The results found 124 species of seed plants belonging to 61 families. Melastoma malabathricum found in zones 1 and 4 (lowest and highest area). The two zones are indeed more open according to the habitat preferences of this species. The Important species found in this research were Sarangan (Castanopsis argentea), Corybas orchid, and Edelweiss (Anaphalis longifolia). All three species are important because of their conservation status.
Effect of rootstock variety, cut surface and grafting time on graft success of Mangifera indica L. var. wirasangka
Authors: Rahayu E S , Retnoningsih A , Abdullah M , Sholihah N K 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMangifera indicaL. var.wirasangkais a local variety of Tegal Regency. It is rarely planted due to the limited number of seedling. The research aimed to develop an effective shoot grafting method. The study was conducted experimentally with a factorial completely randomized design of three factors. The first factor was mango variety for rootstock (keongmango andsantokmango). The second factor was cut surface shape (cleft, splice, and side-veneer graft). The third was time of grafting (morning and afternoon). The observed data were the number of shoots, the shoot length, the number of leaves, and the percentage of success graft. Data were analysed using Analyses of Variance and LSD test. The results showed that variety of rootstock did not affect the success graft, but affected the growth of scion. The cut surface affected the success graft and growth of scion. In contrast, grafting time did not affect the success graft and growth of scion. Cleft graft were most effective for grafting ofwirasangkamango. Based on the result it was recommended that the success shoot grafting ofwirasangkamango can usekeongandsantokvarieties, grafted using the cleft surface and done in the morning or afternoon.