bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact Microscope Module for High- Throughput Microscopy
Authors: Schäfer Max B. , Weiland Sophie , Stewart Kent W. , Pott Peter P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microscopy is an essential tool in research and science. However, it is relatively resource consuming regarding cost, time of usage, and consumable supplies. Current low-cost approaches provide good imaging quality but struggle in terms of versatility or applicability to varying setups. In this paper, a Compact Microscope Module for versatile application in custom-made setups or research projects is presented. As a first application and proof of concept, the use of the module in a High-Throughput Microscope for screening of samples in microtiter plates is shown. The Compact Microscope Module allows for simple and resource-efficient microscopy in various applications while still enabling relatively good imaging qualities.
Validation of iterative CT reconstruction by inter and intra observer performance assessment of artificial lung foci
Authors: König Britta , Guberina Nika , Kühl Hilmar , Zylka Waldemar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate the suitability of statistical and model-based iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm strengths and their influence on image quality and diagnostic performance in low-dose computer tomography (CT) protocols for lung-cancer screening procedures. We evaluate the inter- and intra-observer performance for the assessment of iterative CT reconstruction. Artificial lung foci shaped as spheres and spicules made from material with calibrated Hounsfield units were pressed within layered granules in lung lobes of an anthropomorphic phantom. Adaptively, a soft-tissue- and fat- extension ring were attached. The phantom with foci was scanned using standard high contrast, low-dose and ultra lowdose protocols. For reconstruction the IR algorithm ADMIRE at four different strength levels were used. Two ranking tests and Friedman statistics were performed. Fleiss k and modified Cohen’s kneywere used to quantify inter- and intra-observer performance. In conjunction with the standard lung kernel BL75 radiologists evaluated medium to high IR strength, with preference to S4, as suitable for lung foci detection. When varying reconstruction kernels the ranking became more random than with varying phantom diameter. The inter-observer reliability shows poor to slight agreement expressed by k<0 and k=0-0.20 . For the intra-observer reliability non- agreement with kney=0-0.20and moderate agreement with kney=0.60-0.79 for the first ranking test, and almost perfect agreement with kney>0.90 for the second ranking test was observed. In conclusion, our validation suggests radiological preference of medium to high iteration strengths, especially S4, for lung foci detection. An investigation of the correlation between diagnostic experience and the subjective perception of IR reconstructed CT images still needs to be investigated.
Decomposition and modeling of signal shapes of single point cardiac monitoring
Authors: Eyvazi Hesar Milad , Madhat Munief Walid , Müller Achim , Ponon Nikhil , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We introduce a novel method for electronic recording of cardiac signals from a single point at the skin in contrast to classical differential electrocardiography (ECG). Ultralownoise transistor devices with an adaptable, auto-stabilizing transimpedance amplifier are able to measure tiny skin potential modulations from a single contact electrode located at an individual’s wrist (single-point cardiography-SPC). Although SPC signals were highly prone to interspersed noise, they contained periodic patterns. In an electromagnetically shielded setting, we could clearly extract breathing and cardiac rhythms from the acquired SPC signals. As the reference, we measured ECG in parallel. Several signal-processing techniques like smoothening, correlation, decomposition and signal extraction showed that SPC signals contain breathing and periodic heart potential variations, which are time-correlated with ECG. In the future, we intent to use this novel technique to measure heart signals from patients in different health conditions.
How do we need to adapt Biomedical Engineering Education for the Health 4.0 challenges?
Authors: Fritzsche Holger , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Novel challenges and developments require adaptations on skill set, content, and associated education. A biomedical engineer will require a broad range of skills - which to a large extent are currently not taught - in the coming years to meet the development needs of future healthcare: intensive interdisciplinary team work, advanced communication skills, team management and coaching capabilities, advanced project management, learn how to learn, visionary and forward looking thinking, understanding of health economics, entrepreneurship and leadership. But above all empathy towards the clinical user and patients is needed as well as a basic understanding of the current and future clinical workflows that can globally vary. An innovation process for a healthcare related product or service will likely only create value through the consideration and implementation of several of these points. Even though techniques for the development of innovation and enhancing creativity in individuals are widely discussed, there are relatively few reports on the practice of mainstreaming creativity in an organizational setting. We report on the setup of our Graduate School “Technology Innovation in Therapy and Imaging (T²I²)” that has implemented a structured post graduate program and focuses on interdisciplinary and application-oriented innovation generation education. The educational process starts with the observation and identification of clinical needs and an in-depth understanding of the problem and subsequently covers all steps necessary to transfer prototypes into viable solutions and further into implementing valuable products.
On the non-hypercyclicity of scalar type spectral operators and collections of their exponentials
Authors: Markin Marat V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Generalizing the case of a normal operator in a complex Hilbert space, we give a straightforward proof of the non-hypercyclicity of a scalar type spectral operator A in a complex Banach space as well as of the collection

{

e

t
A

}

t
≥
0

{\{{e}^{tA}\}}_{t\ge 0}

of its exponentials, which, under a certain condition on the spectrum of the operator A, coincides with the

C

0

{C}_{0}

-semigroup generated by A. The spectrum of A lying on the imaginary axis, we also show that non-hypercyclic is the strongly continuous group

{

e

t
A

}

t
∈
ℝ

{\{{e}^{tA}\}}_{t\in {\mathbb{R}}}

of bounded linear operators generated by A. From the general results, we infer that, in the complex Hilbert space

L

2

(
ℝ
)

{L}_{2}({\mathbb{R}})

, the anti-self-adjoint differentiation operator

A
≔

d

d
x

A:= \tfrac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}

with the domain

D
(
A
)
≔

W

2

1

(
ℝ
)

D(A):= {W}_{2}^{1}({\mathbb{R}})

is non-hypercyclic and so is the left-translation strongly continuous unitary operator group generated by A.
Diameters of random Cayley graphs of finite nilpotent groups
Authors: El-Baz Daniel , Pagano Carlo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We prove the existence of a limiting distribution for the appropriately rescaled diameters of random undirected Cayley graphs of finite nilpotent groups of bounded rank and nilpotency class, thus extending a result of Shapira and Zuck which dealt with the case of abelian groups.
The limiting distribution is defined on a space of unimodular lattices, as in the case of random Cayley graphs of abelian groups.
Our result, when specialised to a certain family of unitriangular groups, establishes a very recent conjecture of Hermon and Thomas.
We derive this as a consequence of a general inequality, showing that the diameter of a Cayley graph of a nilpotent group is governed by the diameter of its abelianisation.
Heat source model for electron beam welding of nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Jokisch Torsten , Doynov Nikolay , Ossenbrink Ralf , Michailov Vesselin Georgiev 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An adapted heat source model is developed for transient thermal numerical analysis of electron beam welded nickel-based alloy with increased susceptibility to hot cracking. The model enables the consideration of heat redistribution due to beam deflection phenomena. The modeling concept is validated by the appropriate theoretical models and in addition, experimental studies especially performed for this purpose. Special attention is given to the calibration of heat source model parameters. The calibration procedure is based on a statistical approach involving a combination of novel analytical solutions and quasi-steady state finite element models. The model parameter field is statistically analyzed, and a prediction algorithm is developed using optimization algorithms from the six sigma theory. The reliability and practicability of the model is demonstrated by validation weldments. The work is dedicated to precisely calculating the temperature field in the high temperature region around the weld pool and thus to provide a more detailed explanation of the formation of hot cracks when welding turbine materials commonly used in industry and aircraft constructions.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts
Authors: Gupta Pulkin , Kumari Sudha , Gupta Abhishek , Sinha Ankit Kumar , Jindal Prashant 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % (
ε
) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.
The crystal structure of 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid chloride, C7H3Cl3O
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C7H3Cl3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.0518(15) Å, b = 9.7403(11) Å, c = 6.9562(9) Å, β = 99.047(4)°, V = 806.42(17) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0793, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of para-nitrobenzylbromide, C7H6BrNO2 – A second polymorph and correction of 3D coordinates
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C7H6BrNO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.7019(6) Å, b = 6.4700(9) Å, c = 25.283(4) Å, V = 769.14(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0294, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0671, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 2-methoxy-4b,5,14,15-tetrahydro-6H-isoquinolino[2′,1′:1,6] pyrazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline, C19H18N4O
Authors: Dan Yan Rong , Gan Lin Ling , Yu Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C19H18N4O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3744(16) Å, b = 13.7367(15) Å, c = 11.208(2) Å, β = 118.51(2)°, V = 1538.9(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0494, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1327, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[tetra(μ
2-cyanido-κ2
N:O)-bis(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)-manganese(II)-platinum(II)], C10H14MnN6O2Pt
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C10H14MnN6O2Pt, monoclinic, C2/m (no. 12), a = 15.8030(7) Å, b = 7.6794(3) Å, c = 7.0970(3) Å, β = 110.8462(17)°, V = 804.89(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0108, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0266, T = 223 K.
Obtaining Dynamic Responses of Rotor from a Synchronizing Derived System Driven by Responses of Some Elastic Supports
Authors: Sun Tao , Qin Wei-yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For rotating machinery, during its running, direct measuring for vibration of rotating components is very difficult. To overcome this defect, we presented a scheme to obtain dynamical responses of a rotor system by synchronizing with a derived virtual system. For a rotor system, a derived system is established, of which some parts are designed to be incorporated with the measurable part of the original rotor system. Then it is proved theoretically that the two systems can reach synchronization, which implies the two systems’ responses are identical. We hope that the derived virtual system can exhibit the dynamical response of the original system, especially in the case of faults occurring. Thus in simulations, first we add a base disturbance to the rotor system. The simulation results reveal that the derived system can reach synchronization with the disturbed rotor quiet well and thus show the disturbed response. Then we assume that there occurs bolt looseness in the rotor support, the simulation shows that the derived system can maintain synchronization with the fault rotor. Thus we can obtain the response of the rotor from the derived system, even the angle response difficult to measure in practice.
The role of the President of the Republic of Poland in Conferring the Academic Title of Professor – Selected Issues
Authors: Hyżorek Aleksander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents selected issues related to the conferring scientific titles by the President of the Republic of Poland. It was pointed out that The Council of Scientific Excellence was the body competent to carry out the procedure for granting the academic title, and the President merely conferred the academic title. Such an act of the President is a conventional act – an official act of the President, which requires a countersignature of the Prime Minister. The article indicates that the President must confer a scientific title if the Council of Scientific Excellence submits such a request. There is no legal basis for the head of state to check the activities of The Council of Scientific Excellence. The example of receiving the vow by the President from newly appointed judges was used, the procedure in this regard was indicated, the date of picking up the oath and the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal was presented. In the summary, it was indicated that the President should immediately submit the request of The Council of Scientific Excellence to be awarded, i.e. in the order of receipt of the applications. It was also noted that there were no legal grounds for the President’s refusal to confer an academic title.
Violation of the Regulations in Force at the University as a Ground for the Student’s Disciplinary Liability
Authors: Piwoński Karol 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Violation of the regulations in force at the university is one of the basis of student’s disciplinary liability. The law does not specify a catalogue of these regulations, which contributed to discrepancies in the scientific works and jurisprudence of disciplinary commissions. The article aims to determine the normative content of this basis. The considerations include changes introduced by the Higher Education and Science Act, as well as statements of the representatives of science and jurisprudence. The analysis leads the author to the position that the considered basis includes the abovementioned Act, as well as the internal law of the university issued on its basis, in particular its statute and study regulations. Although internal acts can not be indicated exhaustively, in order to establish the disciplinary offence it is necessary to determine that the infringed obligation was legally binding for the student.
Selected Problems Regarding the Status of PhD Student
Authors: Pyrzyńska Agata 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Act of 20 July 2018 Law on Higher Education and Science modifies the system of education of PhD students in a significant way. In this act, the doctoral studies model was abandoned in favor of the doctoral school system. Along with the indicated change, the status of PhD students as a separate academic group was also ordered. Thus, the practice of treating PhD students as quasi-students has been broken. The new education model also provides for a number of institutional guarantees, which should have a pro-quality impact on the education system of future academic staff. The paper discusses selected solutions in this area, paying special attention to the universal scholarship system, the social security system of PhD students and mechanisms of parenthood protection among doctoral students.
The Right to Education for Learners with Special Educational Needs in Lithuanian Higher Education
Authors: Pasvenskienė Aušrinė , Žaliauskaitė Milda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article considers the implementation of the right to higher education for learners with special needs in Lithuania. Although this right is guaranteed by various international documents and national legal acts, the main responsibility to ensure equality in higher education for all learners is embedded in the discretion of higher education institutions. The aim of this article is to analyse Lithuanian legal regulation regarding inclusion of students with special needs into higher education institutions and to evaluate Lithuanian university policies, as institutional documents, concerning students with special educational needs. A brief overview and comparison of all Lithuanian HEI policies illustrates the institutional approach towards educating students with SEN and the level of attentiveness to realization of their right to education. The research also considers pivotal challenges of ensuring inclusive education for those students as well as presents recommendations to address these challenges.
Dynamic economic growth: A new method of approach
Authors: Villalbos Céspedes Daniel 
Published: February 2021

This paper looks at Harrod’s fundamental assumptions and equations in ‘An essay in dynamic theory’ as the foundation for suggesting a better understanding of his postulates on economic growth. The analysis we present attempts to measure the effects of resource composition on the field of economic growth by determining its elasticity and the coefficient of acceleration. By addressing new critical assumptions, key formulas, and methods of approach, some crucial findings provide a strong theoretical model with which to examine dynamic economic growth. Furthermore, this paper offers a brief review of Solow’s and Swan’s critiques of Harrod’s essay. This analysis could inspire further advances in the study of economic growth at the academic level and even in terms of government macroeconomic policies and business decisions.
A odienta direita brasileira: elementos para sua compreensão
Authors: Guidotti Vitor Hugo Rinaldini 
Published: February 2021

Resenha da obra: GALLEGO, Esther S. (Org). <strong>O ódio como política:</strong> a reinvenção das direitas no Brasil. 1. ed. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2018. 118p.
Governos progressistas na América Latina e seus impasses em contexto neoliberal
Authors: Mogilka Maurício 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este artigo pretende fazer uma análise das possibilidades de ascensão de governos progressistas na América Latina e em especial no Brasil no atual contexto neoliberal e agora, mais recentemente, de extrema direita. Refletindo a partir de uma perspectiva não-dirigista, mostra as dificuldades para os projetos políticos progressistas chegarem ao poder e aí se manter. Analisa também os governos de coalizão e seus limites. O artigo propõe uma alternativa de solução para estes impasses, baseada em uma crítica construtiva às esquerdas dirigistas e uma defesa de posturas mais dialógicas na relação esquerda-povo. Desta forma se poderia constituir as condições para o apoio popular necessário à ascensão de governos e legislativos progressistas, condição humanizadora necessária para se fazer frente à eficaz máquina política neoliberal. </p>
Identidades territoriais Kalunga da/na Comunidade Quilombola do Mimoso, em Tocantins
Authors: Alves Elizeth Da Costa , Da Silva Junior Augusto Rodrigues , Almeida Maria Geralda de 
Published: February 2021

<span>Nesse artigo objetiva-se discorrer sobre as identidades territoriais Kalunga, da Comunidade Quilombola Rural Mimoso em Tocantins. Amparados pela geografia cultural, realizamos observações em pesquisas de campo, estudo bibliográfico e análise de narrativas. Utilizamos de metodologias qualitativas e tecemos reflexões acerca das relações dos Kalunga com o espaço social produzido. Acreditamos que as narrativas orais, advindas da tradição oral e compartilhada entre as gerações por meio da memória, formam o vínculo temporal com o passado e com o local onde os sujeitos Kalunga vivem. Portanto, entendemos que os aspectos imateriais, com base nas narrativas orais, são elementos relevantes para a configuração das identidades territorial, da comunidade em questão.</span>
Invisibilidade da população ribeirinha ao acesso e efetivação das políticas públicas: as experiências no território em disputa de Anajás-PA
Authors: Carmo Eunápio Dutra do , Silva Maria Elisane De Souza 
Published: February 2021

<p>A intensificação da ocupação de terras por agentes capitalistas no território de Anajás impulsionara a invisibilidade da população ribeirinha frente às políticas públicas. Por isso a necessidade de compreender as experiências desse território como forma de desvelar a realidade em que essa população está inserida. O histórico quadro político revela como as formas de disputa, dominação e resistência são agenciadas na correlação de força presentes no município. É deste processo social que o território emerge como categoria central de análise crítica, tanto na perspectiva de entender a lógica de expropriação da terra, mas, sobretudo, a agudização das expressões da questão social que os ribeirinhos vêm enfrentando. Com base em documentos históricos, entrevistas com entidades sociais e pesquisa de campo, via CRAS, junto às comunidades ribeirinhas, observa-se a manutenção de estruturas políticas e econômicas que privilegiam a elite regional/local em detrimento das populações camponesas, ribeirinhas e de pequenos proprietários que são socialmente invisibilidade, não obstante a história de luta e resistência que retualiza-se nos modos de vida, na preservação da natureza e na garantia de direitos. Todas foram herdadas e forjadas na história secular de índios, quilombolas e caboclos que enfrentaram processos genocidas de colonização e que estão inscritos, até hoje, no território.</p>