bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial‐spectral feature extraction of hyperspectral images using tensor‐based collaborative graph analysis
Authors: Pan Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the collaborative graph‐based discriminant analysis (CGDA) method has shown promising performance for the feature extraction of the hyperspectral image (HSI), both the intrinsic local subspace structures and spatial structural information are ignored in CGDA. To address these problems, a novel spatial‐spectral feature extraction method, i.e. tensor‐based collaborative graph analysis, is proposed in this letter. Specifically, the spectral similarity is utilized to calculate the Tikhonov matrix, which can constrain the testing samples to be represented by similar training samples in the collaborative representation model. To fully exploit the 3D spatial‐spectral structural information, the collaborative representation model is extended to tensor space by using the third‐order tensor representation of HSI, in which samples are constructed by small local patches around the central pixels. Depending on the above techniques, the quality of the collaborative graph constructed by the coefficient matrix can be significantly improved to obtain the discriminative low‐dimensional features. Experiments on three HSI data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
An efficient 70 GHz divide‐by‐4 CMOS frequency divider employing low threshold devices
Authors: Tibenszky Zoltán , Carta Corrado , Ellinger Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe idea to use a lower threshold, but slightly slower transistor over the fastest transistor type for large‐signal circuits is presented with experimental verification for a compact divide‐by‐4 true single phase clock (TSPC) frequency divider. The use of the lowest threshold PMOS devices resulted in self‐resonance frequencies of 41.7, 56, and 60 GHz at supply voltages of 0.5, 0.8 and 0.9 V, respectively. Compared to a divider of the same architecture in the same technology, but with higher threshold voltage devices, this corresponds to improvements of 67%, 33% and 27%, respectively. Power consumptions of 26 and 355 W were measured for a 20 GHz and a 70 GHz input signal for supply voltages of 0.5 and 0.9 V, respectively. The best knowledge of the authors, these results are the best reported to date for TSPC divider architecture, and they compete with state of the art for inductorless current‐mode logic dividers.
Continuous digital zooming using generative adversarial networks for dual camera system
Authors: Yang Yifan , Li Qi , Yu Yongyi , He Zhuang , Feng Huajun , Xu Zhihai , Chen Yueting 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a generative adversarial network (GAN) with patch match algorithm to realize a high‐quality digital zooming using two camera modules with different focal lengths. In dual camera system, shorter focal length module produces the wide‐view image with the low resolution. On the other hand, the longer focal length module produces the tele‐view image via optical zooming. The long‐focal image contains more details than short‐focal image and can be used to guide short‐focal image to reconstruct high frequency part. Firstly, a feature extraction block (FEB) is advanced to extract feature of long‐focal image and short focal‐image to reconstruct a wide‐view image with different resolutions. Next, a patch match algorithm is integrated into convolution neural networks (CNN) to fuse information of long‐focal with short‐focal image and generate a new fused image. Finally, the fused image and short‐focal image are merged with a feature fusion block (FFB) to predict high‐resolution images. In addition, generative adversarial networks are used for filtering information integrated by previous network and output the zoomed image. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that our algorithm achieves favorable performance against state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Home Treatment Compared to Initial Hospitalization in Normotensive Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the Netherlands: A Cost Analysis
Authors: Hendriks Stephan V. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , van Bemmel Thomas , Bistervels Ingrid M. , Eijsvogel Michiel , Faber Laura M. , Hofstee Herman M. A. , van der Hulle Tom , Iglesias del Sol Antonio , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , Mairuhu Albert T. A. , Middeldorp Saskia , Nijkeuter Mathilde , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. ,   for the YEARS Investigators
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism constitutes substantial health care costs amounting to approximately 60 million euros per year in the Netherlands. Compared with initial hospitalization, home treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with a cost reduction. An accurate estimation of cost savings per patient treated at home is currently lacking.
Aim The aim of this study was to compare health care utilization and costs during the first 3 months after a PE diagnosis in patients who are treated at home versus those who are initially hospitalized.
Methods Patient-level data of the YEARS cohort study, including 383 normotensive patients diagnosed with PE, were used to estimate the proportion of patients treated at home, mean hospitalization duration in those who were hospitalized, and rates of PE-related readmissions and complications. To correct for baseline differences within the two groups, regression analyses was performed. The primary outcome was the average total health care costs during a 3-month follow-up period for patients initially treated at home or in hospital.
Results Mean hospitalization duration for the initial treatment was 0.69 days for those treated initially at home (n = 181) and 4.3 days for those initially treated in hospital (n = 202). Total average costs per hospitalized patient were €3,209 and €1,512 per patient treated at home. The adjusted mean difference was €1,483 (95% confidence interval: €1,181–1,784).
Conclusion Home treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE was associated with an estimated net cost reduction of €1,483 per patient. This difference underlines the advantage of triage-based home treatment of these patients.
Developing an Instrument to Measure Maternal Knowledge and Attitude of Oral Health on Children Under 3 Years
Authors: Suryanti Netty , Setiawan Arlette Suzy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Parental knowledge, belief, and attitude about oral health affect children’s dental cleaning behavior. Further research on maternal knowledge and attitude about early-age children’s oral health has been suggested to identify factors related to pediatric dental and oral health. For that purpose, a measurement instrument is needed.The research aimed to develop an instrument to measure maternal knowledge and attitude about under 3-year-old children’s oral health.
Materials and Methods Using a validity-based approach, we held a series of basic consultation (workshops and interviews) to identify the conceptually different domains. Instrument items were derived from relevant theories. Cognitive interviews were conducted to ensure that the items were properly understood. The items were first tested among the population calibration samples (n = 150). All instrument items were analyzed for reliability and validity.
Results In total, 15 items were derived from Bloom’s theory of learning and were developed for the knowledge instrument, while 10 others were developed for the attitude instrument. The reliability analysis yielded Cronbach’s α scores of 0.620 for the knowledge instrument and 0.565 for the attitude instrument. All items were considered valid based on Pearson’s correlation test results.
Conclusion The instruments on maternal knowledge and attitude about under 3-year-old children’s oral health consisted of three dimensions, respectively. Both instruments have been tested and analyzed and therefore are applicable for use.
Which LDL Value Should Clinicians Look at?
Authors: Malve Harshad , Asalkar Amit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives LDL cholesterol is routinely estimated by the Friedewald formula to guide the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, Friedewald equation has certain limitations, especially with high triglyceride levels. Direct methods are available for LDL estimation but have received relatively little scrutiny in the Indian setting. This study was aimed at comparing the calculative and direct methods of LDL estimation in Indian hyperlipidemic patients.
Materials and Methods In this observational study, data from 380 consecutive lipid profiles of patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai were analyzed retrospectively. CHOD PAP method was used to estimate total cholesterol. Enzymatic colorimetric method was used to estimate triglycerides. Enzyme selective protection method was used to estimate HDL. Direct LDL was estimated by homogenous enzymatic colorimetric assay and very low-density lipoprotein was calculated, whereas Friedewald’s formula was used to derive calculated LDL.
Results Total cholesterol values correlated positively with the LDL values measured by both methods. However, a statistically significant difference was noted between the correlation coefficients of both the methods. Triglyceride values correlated weakly with the LDL levels measured by both the methods. A weak negative correlation was observed with LDL by the calculated method, whereas a weak positive correlation existed between TG and LDL by the direct method. The difference between the correlation coefficients was statistically significant.
Conclusion Both direct and calculated methods of LDL estimation have their limitations. A robust study with a larger sample size is needed to further investigate whether the differences in the different LDL estimation methods can translate to “clinical relevance” in the Indian setting.
Theoretical studies of the THz compression of low-to-medium energy electron pulses and the single-shot stamping of electron–THz timing jitter
Authors: Qi Yingpeng , Yang Lele , Yue Luye , Li Jingjun , Wang Xuan , Sun Zhenrong , Cao Jianming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recent development of optical control of electron pulses brings new opportunities and methodologies in the fields of light–electron interaction and ultrafast electron diffraction (UED)/microscopy. Here, by a comprehensive theoretical study, we present a scheme to compress the longitudinal duration of low (⩽1 keV) to medium energy (1–70 keV) electron pulses by the electric field of a THz wave, together with a novel shot-by-shot jitter correction approach by using the magnetic field from the same wave. Our theoretical simulations suggest the compression of the electron pulse duration to a few femtoseconds and even sub-femtosecond. A comprehensive analysis based on typical UED patterns indicates a sub-femtosecond precision of the jitter correction approach. We stress that the energy independence of Coulomb interaction in the compression and the compact structure of THz device lay the foundation of the compression of low energy electron pulses. The combination of the THz compression of the electron pulse and the electron–THz jitter correction opens a way to improve the overall temporal resolution to attosecond for ultrafast electron probes with low to medium energies and high charge number per pulse, and therefore, it will boost the ultrafast detection of transient structural dynamics in surface science and atomically thin film systems.
Effect of Foliar Spraying with Ascorbic Acid and Dry Yeast Extract on Some Vegetative Growth Traits and Chemical Content of Bitter Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Var. Amara) Seedlings
Authors: Al-Douri E. F. S. , Basheer R. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bitter almond seedlings are an important rootstock of sweet almond and other stone fruit species. The suitable stem diameter of rootstock for budding and grafting is the aim of nurseries. Thus, the seedlings are treated with nutrients, hormones and organic materials to enhance the vegetative growth and produce healthy and typical rootstocks. In this study, the emerged bitter almond seedlings were sprayed with three concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) (150, 300 and 450 mg. L−1), two concentration of dry yeast extract (DY) (4 and 8 g. L−1) and their interactions, as well as the control treatment (Tap water). The treatments were applied three times throughout the 2017 growing season. The results showed that the ascorbic acid spraying especially 300 mg.L−1 significantly increased leaf area, total leaves area per plant, seedling height, stem diameter, branches length and leaves’ content of phosphorus and ascorbic acid. Meanwhile the effect of dry yeast extract treatments when separately sprayed were less than expected, but the interaction treatments affected positively on some studied measurements. The foliar spray with 150 mg.L−1 AsA + 4.0 g.L−1 DY gave the highest values of stem diameter, branch length and carbohydrate concentration in leaves of bitter almond seedlings. Finally, the foliar spray with 300 mg. L−1 AsA alone or 150 mg.L−1 AsA + 4.0 g.L−1 DY are the recommended to obtain rootstocks of suitable diameter to budding or grafting during one growing season.
Estimation of Combining Ability and Gene Action for Yield and Yield Components in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Fayyad H. F. , Hammadi H. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the farms in the AL- Sufi area of Anbar Governorate. Six Inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) (Pio-36, Sy-52, Am-63, Zm-69, ART-B17, NAdh-26) were used in this study. These lines were introduced into program Half dillael in the spring season 2019 15 hybrids were obtained. These crosses and their parents were in the full season using a randomized complete block design with three replications in the autumn season, to analyze the general and specific combining ability and estimate their effects, hybridization and some genetic parameters. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were high significant differences between the genotypes (parents + hybrids) for all the studied traits, and the (Pio-36) was the best in plant height and leaf area as it reached 163.67 cm and 536.3 cm 2 respectively. In the ear diameter, the (ART-B17) was the highest and it reached 5.49cm, and in the Weight 300 grains (NAdh-26) was the highest, and it reached 78.33g, while the yield plant high value with line (Pio-36) was 203 g. In hybrids, the hybrid 3x5 gave the highest average for the number of grains per row, and it was 36.4 grains per row, and at 300 grains, the Add this word (hybrid 4x5) gave the highest hybrids and it reached 84.67 g, and the 4x5 hybrid gave the highest individual plant yield, as it reached 285.2 g. plant−1. The of heritability in the narrow sense was low in all the studied traits, and the value of the average degree of dominance was greater than one in all the studied traits, which indicates the importance of the effect of the over dominance of genes. It is concluded from the study the possibility of using some superior Inbred lines in their speculations to derive individual hybrids.
Estimation of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Yield, Yield Component Using Line × Tester Methods in Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Abdulazeez Sebar D. , Kakarash Sakar A. , Ismael Namam B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was initiated with the objective of estimating heterosis, combing ability of selected conventional maize genotypes, comparison between hybrids, parents, and testers. Ten maize genotypes were selected (three testers and seven lines). The crosses were done in a Line × Tester mating design to produce 21 F1 single spring hybrids during 2018. The experiment was conducted. At fall season 2019; thirty-one genotypes (21 crosses + 3 tester + 7 lines) were sown in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications at Gerdarash research station/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University, Erbil. The analysis of variance confirmed that the mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all studied characters, the tester parent (Talar) showed maximum value for tasseling number, while the parent Mst4279 recorded the maximum value for no. of days to 50% tasseling and silking and no. of ears/plant. The hybrid 232Dss × Talar showed maximum positive heterosis for plant height and ear length. The general combining ability variance was higher than specific combining ability for the plant height, ear height, 300 grain weight (g) and tassel branch number. These characters were identified to be under the control of additive-gene. Generally, the superior maize F1 hybrid L1×T2 is recommended to be taken to large-scale multilocational trials prior to commercial cultivation in Kurdistan region.
Detection of Tetracycline tet(k) Gene in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Aziz K. E. , Abdulrahman Z. F. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper concerned with the identification of S .aureus and detection of tet (k) gene using PCR technique .A total of fifty samples were collected from different clinical sources: 20 from burns, (10) surgical wounds, (10) dental carries, and (10) urine samples from patients who were admitted to West Erbil Emergency and Rizgary teaching Hospitals during 1 October to 17december 2020. Isolates were identified using conventional method and confirmed by VITEK2 compact system. Twenty out of Fifty isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Disk diffusion method was done for antibiotic resistance, all S. aureus isolates were showed resistance to antibiotic in different percentage: 100% for AMC, AP, AX, and PG, 90% for ME, 65% for CAZ, 65% for TM, 60% for T, 60% for E, 50% for CRO, 45% for CTX, and S, 45% for L, 40% for RA, 40% for DA, 35% for CIP, 35% for C%15, for KF and 10% for GM while all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin . PCR technique results of partial fragments of tet (K) gene using 360bp primer were shown that 7 (35%) of isolates were tetk positive, while 13 (65%) of the isolates were tetk negative.
Estimation of Technical Efficiency (TE) for Watermelon Crop in Karma District Using Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Hamza M A , Mahmood Q N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agricultural production, in both parts of the plant and animal, is the main nerve of the national economy, as the economics of plant production is an important tributary to achieving the economic surplus that the world seeks, regardless of the different systems and inputs to achieve economic growth. Targeting the research: Estimating Technical Efficiency for Watermelon in Anbar province, Karma district, the random sample consisting of (67) farmers of the study population of 381 farmers for the productive year 2020, the results of estimating technical efficiency using the method of random boundaries analysis and using the trans-logarithmic function (Trans Loge), The average efficiency is about 81%, so it is required that these farms use only 81% or less of the inputs to produce the same quantity or more of the cereal crop in order to be described as technically efficient. It gave a modest estimate for the intercept part B0, as it reached a value of 8.95 it is less than the estimated values according to the corrected least squares method (COLS) and the method of Maximum Likelihood (ML), as it reached 9.12, 9.24. The estimations of the function parameters by the OLS showed a positive relationship between the quantity of the crop produced and the inputs (Seeds, pesticides, size of holding) while the relationship was negative with inputs (labor, fertilizer).
Research on Flood Disaster Simulation of Hongqi River Basin Based on HEC-RAS
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Quan Hechun , Lin Zhehao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, flood disasters are one of the main natural disasters in the world, and the research on flood disasters in current geography is also a research hotspot in recent years. Floods pose a serious threat to people’s lives and properties such as farmland and urban areas. Research on flood simulation can help reduce such losses to a certain extent. This paper takes the Hongqi River Basin in the upper reaches of the Tumen River as the research area, applies the Terrain Digital Elevation Model (DEM), uses the HEC-RAS model, and combines the HEC-GeoRAS module under the ArcGIS platform to build on the Tumen River as the terrain is more complicated. The hydrodynamic simulation of flood water flow when flood disaster occurs in the river basin, the rough visual analysis of the flood situation in the Hongqi River Basin, and the comparison and analysis with the measured data, will be used for future flood control early warning, disaster assessment, and Project site selection and other work provide reference data. The simulation analysis shows that HEC-RAS has a good simulation effect in this area and can provide decision support for flood prevention and control.
Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Affecting down Deflection of Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge
Authors: Ma Yurong , Chen Haibo , Han Qianwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to deeply analyze the factors affecting the excessive mid-span deflection of the long-span continuous rigid frame bridge in service, this paper uses the Shaanxi A Bridge as the supporting project and uses the finite element analysis software Midas Civil to establish the bridge model. Put forward the factors that may affect the deflection, adopt a sensitivity analysis method that controls the value of a single factor while other factors remain unchanged, and repeatedly adjust the model parameters to obtain the deflection calculation results. According to the results, determine whether the factor is the main influencing factor of deflection. The research results show that structural stiffness, prestress loss, environmental temperature, and concrete shrinkage and creep are the main factors affecting the deflection of rigid frame bridges. The degree and direction of their influence on deflection are different. The research results can provide reference and guidance for actual engineering.
Analysis of Cement Sheath Stress in Horizontal Well Fracturing
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Jingfu , Shen Baoming , Pan Rongshan , Li Yan , Zhao Yingnan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research of cement sheath stress in horizontal well fracturing plays an important role in horizontal well fracturing analysis, and is also related to the work of horizontal wells to a certain extent. The core work of the shaft is also affected by its cement sheath, so we should pay attention to the actual control of the cement sheath pressure in the actual work process to ensure that the cement sheath analysis is more effective. In this paper, the stress distribution model of casing-cement sheath-formation system is established. Through the model analysis, the whole stress analysis is completed, which is of great significance to the subsequent wellbore integrity control.
Simulation and Experimental Research on Transverse Random Vibration of Typical Valve for Launch Vehicle
Authors: Song Jing , Guo Zhen , Xia Chao , Zhao Jiamin , Gao Hanjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to effectively suppress the transverse random vibration of a class of irregular shape and structure valve for launch vehicle in the ground test, adopting the method of combining finite element simulation and experiment, the influence of different structure tools on the transverse vibration of the valve is investigated. Moreover, the impact of arrangement position of valve and semi-circular tool assembly on transverse vibration of valve is studied. Based on the analysis of the influence of tooling of different structures on the transverse random vibration of the valve, it is proposed that semi-circular fixture can effectively reduce the transverse vibration for this kind of valve. Furthermore, when placed in the center of vibration table or near the vibration source, can decrease transverse vibration of the valve remarkably.