bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study and genomic heritabilities for blood protein levels in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep
Authors: Zamani P. , Mohammadi H. , Mirhoseini S. Z. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSerum protein levels are related to physiological and pathological status of animals and could be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate genetic variation of serum protein profile in sheep. Blood samples were randomly collected from 96 Lori-Bakhtiari ewes, a heavy meat-type breed. Total protein, albumin, globulin, α1, α2, β and γ globulins and IgG levels were measured in blood serum. The samples were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The studied traits adjusted for age, birth type, birth season and estimate of breeding value for body weight were considered as pseudo-phenotypes in genome-wide association analysis. In the GWAS model, the first five principal components were fitted as covariates to correct the biases due to possible population stratification. The Plink, R and GCTA software were used for genome-wide association analysis, construction of Q-Q and Manhattan plots and estimation of genetic variances, respectively. Noticeable genomic heritabilities ± SE were estimated for total and γ globulins (0.868 ± 0.262 and 0.831 ± 0.364, respectively), but other protein fractions had zero or close to zero estimates. Based on the Bonferroni adjusted p values, four QTLs located on 181.7 Mbp of OAR3, 107.7 Mbp of OAR4, 86.3 Mbp of OAR7 and 83.0 Mbp of OAR8 were significantly associated with α1, β, β and γ globulins, respectively. The results showed that the PKP2, IGF2R, SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 genes could be considered as candidate genes for blood serum proteins. The present study showed significant genetic variations of some blood protein fractions.
The role of reactive oxygen species in the immunity induced by nano-pulse stimulation
Authors: Guo Siqi , Burcus Niculina I. , Scott Megan , Jing Yu , Semenov Iurii 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of tumor cells treated with Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS). Recently, ROS have been suggested as a contributing factor in immunogenic cell death and T cell-mediated immunity. This research further investigated the role of NPS induced ROS in antitumor immunity. ROS production in 4T1-luc breast cancer cells was characterized using three detection reagents, namely, Amplex Red, MitoSox Red, and Dihydroethidium. The efficiency of ROS quenching was evaluated in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers and/or antioxidants. The immunogenicity of NPS treated tumor cells was assessed by ex vivo dendritic cell activation, in vivo vaccination assay and in situ vaccination with NPS tumor ablation. We found that NPS treatment enhanced the immunogenicity of 4T1-luc mouse mammary tumor, resulted in a potent in situ vaccination protection and induced long-term T cell immunity. ROS production derived from NPS treated breast cancer cells was an electric pulse dose-dependent phenomenon. Noticeably, the dynamic pattern of hydrogen peroxide production was different from that of superoxide production. Interestingly, regardless of NPS treatment, different ROS scavengers could either block or promote ROS production and stimulate or inhibit tumor cell growth. The activation of dendritic cells was not influenced by blocking ROS generation. The results from in vivo vaccination with NPS treated cancer cells suggests that ROS generation was not a prerequisite for immune protection.
Lyl-1 regulates primitive macrophages and microglia development
Authors: Wang Shoutang , Ren Deshan , Arkoun Brahim , Kaushik Anna-Lila , Matherat Gabriel , Lécluse Yann , Filipp Dominik , Vainchenker William , Raslova Hana , Plo Isabelle , Godin Isabelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring ontogeny, macrophage populations emerge in the Yolk Sac (YS) via two distinct progenitor waves, prior to hematopoietic stem cell development. Macrophage progenitors from the primitive/”early EMP” and transient-definitive/”late EMP” waves both contribute to various resident primitive macrophage populations in the developing embryonic organs. Identifying factors that modulates early stages of macrophage progenitor development may lead to a better understanding of defective function of specific resident macrophage subsets. Here we show that YS primitive macrophage progenitors express Lyl-1, a bHLH transcription factor related to SCL/Tal-1. Transcriptomic analysis of YS macrophage progenitors indicate that primitive macrophage progenitors present at embryonic day 9 are clearly distinct from those present at later stages. Disruption of Lyl-1 basic helix-loop-helix domain leads initially to an increased emergence of primitive macrophage progenitors, and later to their defective differentiation. These defects are associated with a disrupted expression of gene sets related to embryonic patterning and neurodevelopment. Lyl-1-deficiency also induce a reduced production of mature macrophages/microglia in the early brain, as well as a transient reduction of the microglia pool at midgestation and in the newborn. We thus identify Lyl-1 as a critical regulator of primitive macrophages and microglia development, which disruption may impair resident-macrophage function during organogenesis.
Nrf2 plays a critical role in the metabolic response during and after spaceflight
Authors: Uruno Akira , Saigusa Daisuke , Suzuki Takafumi , Yumoto Akane , Nakamura Tomohiro , Matsukawa Naomi , Yamazaki Takahiro , Saito Ristumi , Taguchi Keiko , Suzuki Mikiko , Suzuki Norio , Otsuki Akihito , Katsuoka Fumiki , Hishinuma Eiji , Okada Risa , Koshiba Seizo , Tomioka Yoshihisa , Shimizu Ritsuko , Shirakawa Masaki , Kensler Thomas W. , Shiba Dai , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpace travel induces stresses that contribute to health problems, as well as inducing the expression of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) target genes that mediate adaptive responses to oxidative and other stress responses. The volume of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in mice increases during spaceflight, a change that is attenuated by Nrf2 knockout. We conducted metabolome analyses of plasma from wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice collected at pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight time points, as well as tissues collected post-flight to clarify the metabolic responses during and after spaceflight and the contribution of Nrf2 to these responses. Plasma glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid levels were elevated during spaceflight, whereas triacylglycerol levels were lower after spaceflight. In wild-type mouse eWAT, triacylglycerol levels were increased, but phosphatidylcholine levels were decreased, and these changes were attenuated in Nrf2 knockout mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed marked changes in the expression of lipid-related genes in the liver and eWAT after spaceflight and the effects of Nrf2 knockout on these changes. Based on these results, we concluded that space stress provokes significant responses in lipid metabolism during and after spaceflight; Nrf2 plays critical roles in these responses.
Dual‐mode linearity enhanced power amplifier with wideband AM‐PM compensation for 5–6‐GHz FeLAA applications
Authors: Li Jiajin , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Gary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis letter presents a 5–6‐GHz dual‐mode power amplifier (PA) realized for further enhanced licensed assisted access application of downlink transmission. The output matching network with multiple harmonic traps and the wideband AM‐PM compensation technique are used in the design. To achieve high linear output power with less variation in the wide frequency range, different bias voltages of the first stage PA are set for dual‐mode operation. In the range 5–6 GHz, the PA delivers > 30 dBm saturated output power and reaches 24.4–24.8 dBm linear power at −35 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio.
Experimental analysis of fractional order PIλDμ controller for improvement of power quality in smart grid environment
Authors: Sharma Monika , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPower electronics load is considered to be a strengthening factor that leads the system operators more concerned about power quality issues. Poor power quality can lead to distinctive operation of electrical components and devices, which may cause heavy economic loss to the customers and power network operators. An application of fractional order PIλDμ (FOPIλDμ) controller for power quality improvement in smart power distribution systems is presented here. Analytical design steps are presented for the FOPIλDμ controller. A genetic algorithm is used for tuning the control parameters of the FOPIλDμ controller optimally. The FOPIλDμ controller is employed and evaluated for shunt active power filter (APF) to filter out harmonics and improve reactive power compensation for non‐stationary, non‐linear load conditions for a smart power distribution system. Effectiveness of FOPIλDμ controller for instantaneous reactive power theory based PQ control algorithm applied to shunt APF is validated using a small‐scale laboratory experimental setup. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the FOPIλDμ controller in terms of its superior transient response, significant reduction in harmonic distortion, and improved reactive power compensation in a smart grid environment.
The NICU during COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Maternal Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress (PMTS)
Authors: Raho Laura , Bucci Silvia , Bevilacqua Francesca , Grimaldi Teresa , Dotta Andrea , Bagolan Pietro , Aite Lucia 
Published: December 2021

Objective The objective of this paper was to assess how hospital and outpatient clinic policies changes due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impact pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) symptoms in mothers of newborns admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design Observational case-control study included the comparison between mothers of infants admitted in the NICU at birth during the COVID-19 pandemic and mothers of infants admitted in the NICU before the COVID-19 pandemic. The control group was selected matching 1:1 with the study group for the following infants' clinical variables: gender, type of pathology, gestational age, weight at birth, day of recovery, ventilator time days, and associated malformations. The Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) was used as a measure of PMTS.
Result Mothers of the study group (50) scored significantly higher than mothers of the control group on three of four scales of IES-R (“IES-R total”: F = 6.70; p = 0.011; IES-R subscale “intrusion”: F = 7.45; p = 0.008; IES-R subscale “avoidance”: F = 8.15; p = 0.005). A significantly higher number of mothers in the study group scored above the IES-R total clinical cut-off compared with mothers of control group (72 vs. 48%; Chi2 = 6.00; p = 0.012).
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic acted as superimposed stress in mothers of newborns admitted in the NICU at birth determining high levels of PMTS. Clinicians and researchers should identify and implement novel strategies to provide family-centered care during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Key Points
Barriers to Adult Cochlear Implant Care in the United States: An Analysis of Health Care Delivery
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Marinelli John P. , Sorkin Donna L. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPersistent underutilization of cochlear implants (CIs) in the United States is in part a reflection of a lack of hearing health knowledge and the complexities of care delivery in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. An evaluation of the patient experience through the CI health care delivery process systematically exposes barriers that must be overcome to undergo treatment for moderate-to-severe hearing loss. This review analyzes patient-facing obstacles including diagnosis of hearing loss, CI candidate identification and referral to surgeon, CI evaluation and candidacy criteria interpretation, and lastly CI surgery and rehabilitation. Pervasive throughout the process are several themes which demand attention in addressing inequities in hearing health disparities in the United States.
Determining Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Adults: Limitations, Expansions, and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Zwolan Teresa A. , Basura Gregory 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe safety, efficacy, and success of cochlear implants (CIs) are well established and have led to changes in criteria used by clinicians to determine who should receive a CI. Such changes in clinical decision-making have out-paced the slower-occurring changes that have taken place with regulatory bodies' and insurers' indications. We review the historical development of indications for CIs, including those of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. We report on expansion to include patients with greater residual hearing, such as those who receive Hybrid and EAS devices, and report on recent FDA approvals that place less emphasis on the patient's best-aided condition and greater emphasis on the ear to be treated. This includes expansion of CIs to patients with single-side deafness and asymmetric hearing loss. We review changes in the test materials used to determine candidacy, including transition from sentences in quiet to sentences in noise to the recent use of monosyllabic words and cognitive screening measures. Importantly, we discuss the recent trend to recommend CIs despite a patient not meeting FDA or insurers' indications (a practice known as “off-label”), which serves as attestation that current indications need to be updated.
4.1 Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (SPAAC): Background, Substrate Preparation, and Reactivity
Authors: Harris T. , Alabugin I. V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the creative synthetic approaches to azides and cycloalkynes, provides the rationale for controlling SPAAC reactivity through tuning cycloalkyne and azide backbone modifications, and highlights research on nitrone cycloadditions with cycloalkynes. This synthetic and knowledge toolset will help in the design of better cycloalkynes and their partners to answer challenging research questions and aid the development of new applications.
4.2 Applications of SPAAC and SPANC in Life Sciences
Authors: Janssen L. J. N. , Blanco-Ania D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bioorthogonal, strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and the strain-promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reactions have been used for conjugation with high affinity and specificity. In contrast to the cytotoxic copper-catalyzed cycloaddition, both SPAAC and SPANC are inert in biological environments. This chapter reviews the developments and applications of SPAAC and SPANC in life sciences reported since 2004, when Bertozzi et al. published the first bioorthogonal reaction.
Dissonant dementia: neuropsychiatry, awareness, and contradictions in cognitive decline
Authors: Fletcher James Rupert , Maddock Carol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of contemporary neuropsychiatric meaning-making regarding dementia, encompassing distinct beliefs, practices and objects, and the peculiarities of its fragmented public manifestations. First, some core neuropsychiatric beliefs are discussed, arguing that the designation of those beliefs as exceptional truths engenders an imperialist ethic whereby the beliefs must be spread into other populations. Second, the enactment of this spread through dementia awareness is considered, whereby people are presented as having wrong beliefs to justify the promotion of alternative correct knowledge. Third, some emerging contradictions within neuropsychiatric dementia are outlined, as moves toward early diagnosis and “living well” sit uneasily beside notions of dementia as a frightening epidemic. The paper concludes that this produces dissonant dementia wherein contradictory meanings are held together. Finally, it is suggested that this dissonance will likely continue, underpinned by specific interests.
Post-Newtonian gravitational and scalar waves in scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Shiralilou Banafsheh , Hinderer Tanja , Nissanke Samaya M , Ortiz Néstor , Witek Helvi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gravitational waves emitted by black hole binary inspiral and mergers enable unprecedented strong-field tests of gravity, requiring accurate theoretical modeling of the expected signals in extensions of general relativity. In this paper we model the gravitational wave emission of inspiralling binaries in scalar Gauss–Bonnet gravity theories. Going beyond the weak-coupling approximation, we derive the gravitational waveform to relative first post-Newtonian order beyond the quadrupole approximation and calculate new contributions from nonlinear curvature terms. We also compute the scalar waveform to relative 0.5PN order beyond the leading −0.5PN order terms. We quantify the effect of these terms and provide ready-to-implement gravitational wave and scalar waveforms as well as the Fourier domain phase for quasi-circular binaries. We also perform a parameter space study, which indicates that the values of black hole scalar charges play a crucial role in the detectability of deviation from general relativity. We also compare the scalar waveforms to numerical relativity simulations to assess the impact of the relativistic corrections to the scalar radiation. Our results provide important foundations for future precision tests of gravity.
Spacetime entanglement entropy of de Sitter and black hole horizons
Authors: Mathur Abhishek , Surya Sumati , X Nomaan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We calculate Sorkin’s manifestly covariant entanglement entropy

S

for a massive and massless minimally coupled free Gaussian scalar field for the de Sitter horizon and Schwarzschild de Sitter horizons, respectively, in d > 2. In de Sitter spacetime we restrict the Bunch–Davies vacuum in the conformal patch to the static patch to obtain a mixed state. The finiteness of the spatial

L

2

norm in the static patch implies that

S

is well defined for each mode. We find that

S

for this mixed state is independent of the effective mass of the scalar field, and matches that of Higuchi and Yamamoto (2018 Phys. Rev. D 98 065014), where, a spatial density matrix was used to calculate the horizon entanglement entropy. Using a cut-off in the angular modes we show that

S
∝

A

c

, where A

c
is the area of the de Sitter cosmological horizon. Our analysis can be carried over to the black hole and cosmological horizon in Schwarzschild de Sitter spacetime, which also has finite spatial

L

2

norm in the static regions. Although the explicit form of the modes is not known in this case, we use the boundary conditions of Qiu and Traschen (2020 Class. Quantum Grav.
37 135012) for a massless minimally coupled scalar field, to find the mode-wise

S

b
,
c

, where b, c denote the black hole and de Sitter cosmological horizons, respectively. As in the de Sitter calculation we see that

S

b
,
c

∝

A

b
,
c

after taking a cut-off in the angular modes.
Experimental investigations on rotation–vibration energy transfer in H2–N2 collisions
Authors: Nie Kunpu , Liu Jing , Xing Jun , Alghazi Abai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigated the rotational–vibrational impact energy transfer processes in a H2–N2 gas mixture system. The stimulated Raman pumping technique was used to excite H2 molecules to the (1, 7) high rotational states. The population of the H2(1, 7) level was verified by the coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectra, the total pressure of the mixture was maintained at 500 Torr and nitrogen with different molar ratios was filled in the sample cell. The collisional deactivation rate coefficients of the excited state H2(1, 7) with H2 and N2 were obtained by fitting the experimental data with the Stern–Volmer equation. The multi-quantum near-resonant rotational relaxation process of H2(1, 7) colliding with N2 was confirmed by the time-resolved CARS profile measurements of H2(v = 1, J = 7, 5, 3) after the excitation of H2(1, 7). The results can provide data reference for atomic and molecular physics, atomic and molecular collisions, rotation and vibration excitation calculation, etc.
Interpretability of deep convolutional neural networks on rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Yang Huixin , Li Xiang , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite the rapid development of deep learning-based intelligent fault diagnosis methods on rotating machinery, the data-driven approach generally remains a ‘black box’ to researchers, and its internal mechanism has not been sufficiently understood. The weak interpretability significantly impedes further development and application of the effective deep neural network-based methods. This paper contributes to understanding the mechanical signal processing of deep learning on the fault diagnosis problems. The diagnostic knowledge learned by the deep neural network is visualized using the neuron activation maximization and the saliency map methods. The discriminative features of different machine health conditions are intuitively observed. The relationship between the data-driven methods and the well-established conventional fault diagnosis knowledge is confirmed by the experimental investigations on two datasets. The results of this study can benefit researchers on understanding the complex neural networks, and increase the reliability of the data-driven fault diagnosis model in real engineering cases.
Deep learning model for imbalanced multi-label surface defect classification
Authors: Liu Yang , Yuan Yachao , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Automatic defect classification is vital to ensure product quality, especially for steel production. In the real world, the amount of collected samples with labels is limited due to high labor costs, and the gathered dataset is usually imbalanced, making accurate steel defect classification very challenging. In this paper, a novel deep learning model for imbalanced multi-label surface defect classification, named ImDeep, is proposed. It can be deployed easily in steel production lines to identify different defect types on the steel’s surface. ImDeep incorporates three key techniques, i.e. Imbalanced Sampler, Fussy-FusionNet, and Transfer Learning. It improves the model’s classification performance with multi-label and reduces the model’s complexity over small datasets with low latency. The performance of different fusion strategies and three key techniques of ImDeep is verified. Simulation results prove that ImDeep accomplishes better performance than the state-of-the-art over the public dataset with varied sizes. Specifically, ImDeep achieves about 97% accuracy of steel surface defect classification over a small imbalanced dataset with a low latency, which improves about 10% compared with that of the state-of-the-art.