bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical and Engineering College Students in North-East India
Authors: Karmakar Nabarun , Saha Jayati , Datta Anjan , Nag Kaushik , Tripura Kaushik , Bhattacharjee Partha 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Physiological stress among medical and engineering students is common as compared to other professional courses. Increased stress levels result in an increased prevalence of psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, drug abuse, and suicide ideation. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical and engineering students in North-East India.

Materials and Methods:
This institution-based epidemiological study was conducted among undergraduate students in engineering and medical college (310 students from each college) of North-East India from January 2017 to December 2017. Participants were interviewed with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 scale to assess the different grades of stress, anxiety, and depression. Data were entered and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 16.0, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Greater mean scores among medical students indicated that they had more depression, anxiety, and stress in comparison to engineering students (P < 0.05). Gender, education, socioeconomic status, permanent residence, satisfaction with academic performances, smoking, and alcohol intake were found to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in students from both courses (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
A vast majority of the students were suffering from mild to very severe grades of depression, anxiety, and stress which is a matter of concern. Early interventions are needed to reduce the development of this depression, anxiety, and stress among professional students in today's date.
Helical tomotherapy for prostate cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Kunheri Beena , Lakshmi J. S. , Ravindran Greeshma C. , Haridas  , Marwaha Vishal 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Radiation plays a major role in the management of localized prostate cancer (CaP). There are limited studies reporting the quality of life (QOL) and toxicity with CaP tomotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
This is a single-institutional prospective observational study evaluating the acute toxicity and QOL of patients with CaP receiving tomotherapy from May 2018 to October 2019. Toxicity assessed using radiation therapy oncology group toxicity grading. QOL assessed using International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and QOL score.

Results:
A total number of 74 patients received radiation therapy (RT), of which 25 had postoperative RT and 49 had radical RT. The median age was 71 years. During RT, 8 (10.8%) had Grade 2 gastrointestinal (GI) and 4 (5.4%) had Grade 2 genito urinary (GU) toxicities. At 3 months, 1 (1.4%) had Grade 2 GI, 1 (1.4%) had Grade 2 GU, and 1 (1.4%) had Grade 3 GU toxicities. At 6 months, 1 patient had Grade 2 GU and no Grade 2 GI toxicity noted. In postoperative RT Group, 2 (8%) Grade 2 GI and 1 (1.4%) Grade 2 genitourinary toxicity reported during radiation. At 3 months, 1 (1.4%) Grade 2 GI, 1 (1.4%) G2 GU, and 1 (1.4%) G3 GU toxicities noted. At 6 months, no ≥ Grade 2 noted. In radical RT group, during radiation 6 (12.2%) Grade 2 GI and 3 (6.1%) Grade 2 GU recorded. At 3 and 6 months, no ≥ Grade 2 GI/GU toxicity was recorded. No Grade 3/Grade 4 observed in radical RT group. One patient in radical RT and one in postoperative RT had severe IPSS symptom score. Results are comparable to reported studies.

Conclusion:
Our initial clinical experience with helical tomotherapy in CaP confirms lower rate of toxicities and no significant worsening of QOL with RT.
Prostate permanent implant brachytherapy with BARC I-125 Ocu-Prosta seeds
Authors: Palled Siddanna R. , Saminathan Sathiyan , Pasha Tanvir , Naveen T. , Ganesh K. M. , Lokesh V. 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is implementation and establishment of standard operating procedure for permanent prostate implant brachytherapy technique using BARC I-125 Ocu-Prosta seeds.

Materials and Methods:
The transrectal ultrasound (US)-guided procedure was used for permanent implant procedure. The Best® Sonalis™ US Imaging System and Best NOMOS™ Treatment Planning system was used for volume study and implant procedure. The BARC provided I-125 Ocu-Pro radioactive seeds were implanted into the patient with help of Mick@ Applicator. The implant was performed based on pre-implant dosimetry and intraoperative planning performed during implant procedure.

Results:
The necessary quality assurance tests were performed for US system before clinical use. The boost dose of 110 Gy was prescribed to the prostate volume of 34.71 cc. About 48 seeds with activity of 0.35 mCi (each) implanted into the prostate volume with reference to intraoperative planning. At the end of procedure, the patient underwent abdomen fluoroscopic examination, to ensure the seed counts in the prostate volume. The day after the implant, the patient was discharged. One month later a planning computed tomography and treatment planning was performed for seed position and dose verification.

Conclusions:
Low dose rate permanent implant brachytherapy has the advantage of being a one-time procedure and the existing long term follow-up supports its excellent outcome and low morbidity. BARC-BRIT is supplying the loose 125I seeds. These seeds can be easily implanted into the patient using Mick applicator. However, the pre-implant seed preparation and implant procedure may result some radiation exposure to staff involved. The radiation dose can be minimized with good practice. This report is one patient pilot study and intended to test the implant systems and standard operative procedure henceforth for permanent implant brachytherapy procedure.
Clinical presentation and course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with various types of cancer
Authors: Acar Ramazan , Yilmaz Gulden , Savasci Umit , Aykan Musa Baris , Kiziloz Halil , Cuce Ferhat , Kadioglu Ekin , Filiz Mine , Fidan Gonca , Eksert Sami , Taskin Gurhan , Dogan Deniz , Arslan Yakup , Tasci Cantürk , Kayahan Neslihan , Dogan Tolga , Basgoz Bilgin Bahadir , Sertoglu Erdim , Erturk Ismail , Keskin Gul Sema Yildiran , Okcelik Sezgin , Yildiz Birol , Karadurmus Nuri 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Cancers have been reported to worsen the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to demonstrate the real-life data on health outcomes in COVID-19-infected cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed the data of 43 COVID-19-infected cancer patients in our COVID-19 clinics between March 25, 2020, and May 9, 2020, retrospectively.

Results:
We determined that 1051 patients were followed up with COVID-19 infection and 43 (4%) of them were cancer patients. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 ± 12.3 years. Lung cancer is the most common cancer type among the patients (23.2%). Dyspnea (51.2%) was the most common symptom in the first admission. Typical ground-glass consolidation or patchy appearance with peribronchial thickening resembling bronchopneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was present in 29 (67.4%) patients. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 14 (32.5%) patients based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of nose-throat swab samples without any sign of lung involvement on HRCT. Total mortality of the COVID-19 infection was 46.5% (n = 20). Presence of heart disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–9.4), previous surgeries to the respiratory system (HR: 6.95; 95% CI: 1.29–27.7), and presence of dyspnea at admission (HR: 4; 95% CI: 1.31–12.3) were statistically significantly associated with death (P = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion:
Our practices supported that cancer patients were more affected by COVID-19 disease than the normal population. However, our findings can not be generalized due to being retrospective and single centered study, Also, we did not compare the findings with noncancer patients with COVID19 disease.
Evaluating the effects of metal artifacts on dose distribution of the pelvic region
Authors: Banaee Nooshin , Barough Mehdi Salehi , Asgari Sepideh , Hosseinzadeh Elham , Salimi Ehsan 
Published: June 2021

Aim of the Study:
Some cancerous patients have hip prosthesis of metal elements when they undergo radiation therapy. Metal implants are a cause of metal artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images due to their higher density compared to normal tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quantitative effects of metal artifacts on dose distribution of the pelvic region.

Materials and Methods:
Seven patients with metal implants in the pelvic region were scanned and CT images were exported to the Monaco treatment planning system. Based on the diagnosis of each patient, three-dimensional plans were implemented on CT images and dose distributions were extracted. At the next step, metal artifacts were contoured and electron densities of these new structures were modified to the extent of soft tissue. Finally, dose distributions and the differences were investigated by VeriSoft software.

Results:
The results of this study showed that if the electron density to metal artifacts is not assigned properly, it will increase the calculated monitor units (MUs) by almost 3.78 MUs/fraction which will significantly affect total dose distribution of treatment.

Conclusion:
For the precise implementation of the treatment and in order to minimize the systematic errors related to the calculated MUs, necessary corrections on the electron density of metal artifacts should be considered before the treatment planning. The issue will be more critical in advanced treatment modalities where dose escalation is needed.
Vitamin D in skin psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: El Tawab Sarah , Eldeeb Marwa E. , Abdel- Fattahah Yousra H. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Psoriasis can affect skin, as well as articular and extra-articular tissues. It has a multifactorial pathogenesis in which vitamin D has been implicated.

Objective
To assess vitamin D status in patients with skin psoriasis (PsO) and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and its correlation with disease activity and quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of Egyptian patients.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 45 patients, divided into group A (21 patients) with PsO and group B (24 patients) with PsA, as well as 38 healthy controls as group C. Disease activity and QOL were assessed in all patients. The serum total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level was measured for all participants.

Results
The median psoriasis area severity index was 8.4 (0.8–45.8) in group A and 10.9 (0.9–44.4) in group B. The median dermatology life quality index in group A was 7 (2–18) and in group B was 12 (3–30). In group B, the mean disease activity in PsA was 40.2±21.2 and PsAQOL was 14.5±4.18. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not statistically different among the three studies groups (H=4.213 at P=0.122). However, the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value (26.8 ng/ml) showed that group C had a statistically higher number of participants with normal vitamin D status compared with groups A and B.

Conclusion
Although a higher percentage of vitamin D deficiency may be found among patients with PsO and PsA, 25(OH)D levels did not correlate with different parameters in both patient groups.
A perception among general dental practitioners and postgraduates of Central India toward the use of “magnifying loupes” in clinical practice – A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Madakwade Sangham Dinkar , Makade Chetana S. , Shenoi Pratima Ramakrishna , Kubde Rajesh , Thawale Himani Vilas , Tiwari Vinay Harishchandra 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The introduction of magnification aids such as dental operating microscope and magnifying loupes is one of the most important technologies that have improved dental treatment quality and allow dentists to enhance their visibility and accuracy for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the awareness, attitude, and prevalence of usage of magnifying loupes among the general dental practitioners and postgraduate students in Central India.

Methodology:
A close-ended validated questionnaire was structured to assess the awareness, attitude, and prevalence of magnifying loupes among the general dental practitioners and postgraduate students in Central India. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics (SPSS Ver 22).

Results:
Almost 91.9% of the participants were aware of dentistry magnification, whereas only 47.17% of the participants were using them in their clinical practice.

Conclusions:
Although most participants were aware of the magnifying loupes, its practical usage was limited to only 47.17%.
STUDI EVALUASI PENGADAAN PENYEDIA JASA KONSTRUKSI DENGAN PROGRAM SPSE 4 (STUDI KASUS: EVALUASI RENOVASI SD SURYODININGRATAN I TAHUN 2017)
Authors: Erlina Erlina 
Published: June 2021

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi di era globalisasi menuntut adanya efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan pemerintahan, seperti pada pengadaan jasa konstruksi di lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta yang didasarkan pada Peraturan Kepala LKPP Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 sekarang beralih ke Sistem Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (SPSE) versi 4. Sehingga dari uraian tersebut, penulis mengambil langkah penelitian bagaimana sistem SPSE 4 ini bekerja dengan mengambil evaluasi pada pelelangan Renovasi SD Suryodiningratan I Tahun 2017.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi pelelangan dengan SPSE 4 yaitu: kelebihan dan kekurangan proses pelelangan menggunakan SPSE 4, dan alasan sehingga dinas atau instansi menggunakan sistem SPSE 4 ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan tentang penyelenggaraan lelang berdasarkan informasi, gejala, dan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan.
Hasil akhir yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah program SPSE 4 dari Pokja BLP dan Penyedia Jasa bekerja pada sistem yang sudah disediakan ploting/tempatnya secara otomatis sehingga dalam pembuatan dokumen penawaran sampai penunjukan penyedia jasa lebih mudah, cepat, transparan dan akuntabel.
PEMANFAATAN SERBUK HALUS TRAS ASAL KULON PROGO SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN PADA MORTAR
Authors: Nurokhman Nurokhman 
Published: June 2021

Salah satu pertimbangan ekonomi dalam pembuatan mortar adalah jumlah semen. Adanya potensi bahan lokal tras di Kulon Progo Yogyakarta menjadi pemikiran dalam upaya menggali potensi sumber alam lokal untuk membuat mortar yang murah tetapi tidak mengurangi kualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tras dalam campuran mortar sebagai bahan pengganti sebagain semen terhadap kekuatan mortar.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bahan PAU Universitas Gadjah Mada. Agregat yang digunakan adalah pasir dari Kali Krasak, bahan tambah yang digunakan adalah tras dengan prosentase penambahan 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% terhadap pasir dan fas 0.60. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah kuat tekan dengan menggunakan cetakan mortar dengan ukuran 50x50 x50 mm, kuat lentur dengan cetakan balok dengan ukuran 50 x50 x 300 mm, kuat tarik dengan cetakan berbentuk angka delapan dengan ukuran p: 75mm l: 50mm dan lebar tengan 25 mm dan untuk serapan air menggunakan benda uji mortar ukuran 50x50x50 mm hasil pengujian kuat lentur. Pengujian kuat tekan pada umur 14, 21 dan 28 hari dan kuat tarik, lentur dan daya serap air pada umur 28 hari
Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, bahwa dengan adanya penambahan bahan tambah tras pada mortar tidak dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur dan kuat tarik mortar. Daya serap air pada mortar meningkat antara 8.11 - - 13,85%. Pada umur 28 hari untuk penambahan tras 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% masing-masing kuat tekannya adalah 151.577 kg/cm2, 108.426 kg/cm2, 110.187 kg/cm2, 96.939 kg/cm2 dan kuat lentur 12.279 kg/cm2, 8.795 kg/cm2,11.678 kg/cm2 ,9.615 kg/cm2 dan kuat tarik 15.864 kg/cm2 ,7.547 kg/cm2 ,7.620 kg/cm2 ,5.310 kg/cm2.
SO2 and BrO emissions of Masaya volcano from 2014 to 2020
Authors: Dinger Florian , Kleinbek Timo , Dörner Steffen , Bobrowski Nicole , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas , Ibarra Martha , Espinoza Eveling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Masaya (Nicaragua, 12.0∘ N, 86.2∘ W; 635 m a.s.l.) is one of the few volcanoes hosting a lava lake, today. This study has two foci: (1) discussing the state of the art of long-term SO2 emission flux monitoring with the example of Masaya and (2) the provision and discussion of a continuous data set on volcanic gas data with a large temporal coverage, which is a major extension of the empirical database for studies in volcanology as well as atmospheric bromine chemistry. We present time series of SO2 emission fluxes and BrO/SO2 molar ratios in the gas plume of Masaya from March 2014 to March 2020 – covering the three time periods (1) before the lava lake appearance, (2) a period of high lava lake activity (November 2015 to May 2018), and (3) after the period of high lava lake activity. For these three time periods, we report average SO2 emission fluxes of (1000±200), (1000±300), and (700±200) t d−1 and average BrO/SO2 molar ratios of (2.9±1.5)×10-5, (4.8±1.9)×10-5, and (5.5±2.6)×10-5. Our SO2 emission flux retrieval is based on a comprehensive investigation of various aspects of spectroscopic retrievals, the wind conditions, and the plume height. We observed a correlation between the SO2 emission fluxes and the wind speed in the raw data. We present a partial correction of this artefact by applying dynamic estimates for the plume height as a function of the wind speed. Our retrieved SO2 emission fluxes are on average a factor of 1.4 larger than former estimates based on the same data. Further, we observed different patterns in the BrO/SO2 time series: (1) an annual cyclicity with amplitudes between 1.4 and 2.5×10-5 and a weak semi-annual modulation, (2) a step increase by 0.7×10-5 in late 2015, (3) a linear trend of 1.4×10-5 per year from November 2015 to March 2018, and (4) a linear trend of -0.8×10-5 per year from June 2018 to March 2020. The step increase in 2015 coincided with the lava lake appearance and was thus most likely caused by a change in the magmatic system. We suggest that the cyclicity might be a manifestation of meteorological cycles. We found an anti-correlation between the BrO/SO2 molar ratios and the atmospheric water concentration (correlation coefficient of −0.47) but, in contrast to that, neither a correlation with the ozone mixing ratio (+0.21) nor systematic dependencies between the BrO/SO2 molar ratios and the atmospheric plume age for an age range of 2–20 min after the release from the volcanic edifice. The two latter observations indicate an early stop of the autocatalytic transformation of bromide Br− solved in aerosol particles to atmospheric BrO.
Identification of snowfall microphysical processes from Eulerian vertical gradients of polarimetric radar variables
Authors: Planat Noémie , Gehring Josué , Vignon Étienne , Berne Alexis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Polarimetric radar systems are commonly used to study the microphysics of precipitation. While they offer continuous measurements with a large spatial coverage, retrieving information about the microphysical processes that govern the evolution of snowfall from the polarimetric signal is challenging. The present study develops a new method, called process identification based on vertical gradient signs (PIVSs), to spatially identify the occurrence of the main microphysical processes (aggregation and riming, crystal growth by vapor deposition and sublimation) in snowfall from dual-polarization Doppler radar scans. We first derive an analytical framework to assess in which meteorological conditions the local vertical gradients of radar variables reliably inform about microphysical processes. In such conditions, we then identify regions dominated by (i) vapor deposition, (ii) aggregation and riming and (iii) snowflake sublimation and possibly snowflake breakup, based on the sign of the local vertical gradients of the reflectivity ZH and the differential reflectivity ZDR. The method is then applied to data from two frontal snowfall events, namely one in coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica, and one in the Taebaek Mountains in South Korea. The validity of the method is assessed by comparing its outcome with snowflake observations, using a multi-angle snowflake camera, and with the output of a hydrometeor classification, based on polarimetric radar signal. The application of the method further makes it possible to better characterize and understand how snowfall forms, grows and decays in two different geographical and meteorological contexts. In particular, we are able to automatically derive and discuss the altitude and thickness of the layers where each process prevails for both case studies. We infer some microphysical characteristics in terms of radar variables from statistical analysis of the method output (e.g., ZH and ZDR distribution for each process). We, finally, highlight the potential for extensive application to cold precipitation events in different meteorological contexts.
Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Müller Jurek , Joos Fortunat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Peatlands are diverse wetland ecosystems distributed mostly over the northern latitudes and tropics. Globally they store a large portion of the global soil organic carbon and provide important ecosystem services. The future of these systems under continued anthropogenic warming and direct human disturbance has potentially large impacts on atmospheric CO2 and climate. We performed global long-term projections of peatland area and carbon over the next 5000 years using a dynamic global vegetation model forced with climate anomalies from 10 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and three standard future scenarios. These projections are seamlessly continued from a transient simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present to account for the full transient history and are continued beyond 2100 with constant boundary conditions. Our results suggest short to long-term net losses of global peatland area and carbon, with higher losses under higher-emission scenarios. Large parts of today's active northern peatlands are at risk, whereas peatlands in the tropics and, in case of mitigation, eastern Asia and western North America can increase their area and carbon stocks. Factorial simulations reveal committed historical changes and future rising temperature as the main driver of future peatland loss and increasing precipitations as the driver for regional peatland expansion. Additional simulations forced with climate anomalies from a subset of climate models which follow the extended CMIP6 scenarios, transient until 2300, show qualitatively similar results to the standard scenarios but highlight the importance of extended transient future scenarios for long-term carbon cycle projections. The spread between simulations forced with different climate model anomalies suggests a large uncertainty in projected peatland changes due to uncertain climate forcing. Our study highlights the importance of quantifying the future peatland feedback to the climate system and its inclusion into future earth system model projections.