bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Stress Fractures in Soldiers During the First 6 Career Months: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kardouni Joseph R. , McKinnon Craig J. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Hughes Julie M. 
Published: May 2021

ContextStress fractures (SFs) are injuries that can result from beginning new or higher-volume physical training regimens. The pattern of clinical presentation of SFs over time after individuals start a new or more demanding physical training regimen is not well defined in the medical literature.ObjectiveTo report trends in the clinical presentation of SFs over the first 6 months of soldiers' time in the service.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted using medical encounter and personnel data from US Army soldiers during the first 6 months of their career.Patients or Other ParticipantsUnited States Army soldiers beginning their careers from 2005 to 2014 (N = 701 027).Main Outcome Measure(s)Weekly SF numbers and incidence were calculated overall, as well as by sex, over the first 6 months of military service.ResultsStress fracture diagnoses (n = 14 155) increased steeply in weeks 3 and 4, with a peak in the overall incidence during weeks 5 to 8. Although the clinical incidence of SFs generally decreased after 8 weeks, incident lower extremity SFs continued to present for more than 20 weeks. The hazard ratio for SFs among women compared with men was 4.14 (95% CI = 4.01, 4.27).ConclusionsAcross the 6-month study period, women showed a more than 4 times greater hazard for SFs than men. The results also suggest that health care providers should be particularly vigilant for SFs within 3 weeks of beginning of a new or higher-intensity exercise regimen. The incidence of SFs may continue to climb for several weeks. Even as the SF incidence declines, these injuries may continue to appear clinically several months after a change in activity or training.
Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening Assessment Outcomes After Sport-Related Concussion in High School and Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Tomczyk Christopher P. , Anderson Morgan , Petit Kyle M. , Savage Jennifer L. , Covassin Tracey 
Published: May 2021

Context
Vestibular and ocular motor assessment is an emerging clinical assessment for patients with sport-related concussion (SRC). The increased use of these assessments by clinicians calls for the examination of outcomes that may affect clinical practice.

Objective
To compare vestibular and ocular motor impairments in high school and collegiate athletes within 72 hours of SRC and examine the distribution of impairments in these populations based on pre-established clinical cutoff scores.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
High school and collegiate athletics.

Patients or Other Participants
Data were collected from 110 athletes (high school: n = 47, age = 15.40 ± 1.35 years; college: n = 63, age = 19.46 ± 1.28 years) within 72 hours of sustaining an SRC.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Total and change scores were calculated for the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool, along with average near point of convergence (NPC) distance. Separate Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare group differences, and χ2 analyses were used to examine the proportion of athletes with scores greater than clinical cutoff scores for all VOMS outputs. The α level was set a priori at .05.

Results
No differences were found between high school and collegiate athletes for VOMS total and change scores and NPC distance. A larger proportion of the sample had scores greater than the cutoff for all total scores (P &lt; .001) and change scores in horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (59.01%; P &lt; .001), vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (60.91%; P &lt; .001), and visual motion sensitivity (60.91%; P &lt; .001). However, a larger proportion demonstrated smooth pursuit change scores (85.45%; P &lt; .001) and NPC distances (73.64%; P = .01) that were less than the cutoff scores.

Conclusions
During the acute phase of SRC, high school and collegiate athletes presented with similar vestibular and ocular motor impairments as measured using the VOMS, but vestibular tasks appeared to cause greater symptom provocation. Lastly, VOMS change scores may offer more clinical utility compared with total scores in assessing specific impairments after SRC.
Laparoscopic posterior rectopexy for complete rectal prolapse
Authors: Ganapathi Senthil Kumar , Subbiah Rajapandian , Rudramurthy Sathiyamoorthy , Kakkilaya Harish , Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi , Chinnusamy Palanivelu 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Rectal prolapse is more common in elderly women worldwide, but in India, it predominantly occurs in young- and middle-aged males. While ventral mesh rectopexy is proposed as the preferred procedure in females, the debate on the best procedure in men is still wide open.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all adult male patients operated for external rectal prolapse (ERP) between January 2005 and December 2019 was performed. Patients either underwent modified laparoscopic posterior mesh rectopexy (LPMR) or laparoscopic resection rectopexy (LRR). The outcome was analysed in terms of recurrence, post-operative constipation, sexual dysfunction and other complications.

Results:
A total of 118 male patients were included (LPMR: 106, LRR: 12). The mean age was 46.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 11.8, range: 21–88). The mean operating time was 108 min (SD: 24). The mean length of hospital stay was 4.8 days (SD: 1.4, range: 3–11 days). There was no anastomotic leak in the LRR group. Other complications included wound infection (n = 2), mesh infection with sigmoid colon perforation (n = 1), constipation (n = 4), sexual dysfunction (n = 2), urinary urgency (n = 3) and retention of urine (n = 4). There was no mortality in both the groups. During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, recurrent ERP was noted in one patient and partial mucosal prolapse was seen in three patients.

Conclusion:
LPMR/LRR is a safe and effective treatment for ERP in men with very low recurrence rates. Randomised trials comparing modified LPMR with LVMR are needed to establish the better procedure in males.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUESTION STUDENT HAVE (QSH) BERBANTUAN PERMAINAN BINGO TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V DI SD TEGALJAYA
Authors: Winaya I Made Astra , Eka Kurniati Putu 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan penulis untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas V antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran Question Student Have (QSH) berbantuan permainan bingo dengan siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Tegaljaya dengan populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V di SD Tegaljaya sejumlah 109 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang terdiri atas 45 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode tes pemahaman konsep, observasi dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial, dengan uji-t. Berdasarkan analisis data dengan uji-t, diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar -2,704 dengan signifikansi (sig) sama dengan 0,011, sehingga nilai sig. (0,011) lebih kecil daripada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas V antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran Question Student Have (QSH) berbantuan permainan bingo dengan siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini menunjukkan model pembelajaran Question Student Have (QSH) berbantuan permainan bingo berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas V di SD Tegaljaya.

Kata-kata kunci: question student have, bingo, pemahaman konsep matematika
Evaluating the home isolation of COVID-19 patients in primary care
Authors: Yılmaz Zeynep Unus , Duman Sevgi , Öztürk Güzin Zeren , Özdemir Hacı Mustafa , Hogan Gözde Günindi , Karataş Elif 
Published: May 2021

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of home isolation and medical follow-up by analyzing data collected over the phone from isolated individuals.
Methods: A cross-sectional phone-based survey designed to evaluate the home isolated COVID-19 suspected patients at the Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Family Health Center in Istanbul city between 16th March 5th May 2020. A semi-structured questionnaire and the universal sampling technique were recruited to collect data about the socio-demographic and the COVID-19 related laboratory and clinical findings. The SPSS for Windows program was used to perform a univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. The Statistical alpha significance level was accepted at less than 0.05.
Results: A total of 463 confirmed, probable, or suspected cases of COVID-19 took part in this study with a mean age of 35.38 ∓17.1 (range: 0-86 years). Tow-third 310 (67.0%) underwent the PCR tests, and 67 (21.6%) confirmed positive results. Moreover, one-third (159, 34.3%) exposed to CT scans; however, 51(32.3%) were compatible with COVID-19. The median age of individuals with PCR positive was 38 years. More than half (40, 59.7%) were males, compared to 27 (40.3%) were females. There was no significant relationship between PCR positivity and pandemic period, age, or gender (P = 0.149; P = 0.545; P = 0.285), respectively. Although older individuals had a higher rate of CT scan compatible with COVID-19, the relation between increased age and COVID-19 compatible CT was found not to be statistically significant (P = 0.053). Moreover, there was significant relationship between CT scan positivity and coughing, the tobacco smoking and diabetes (P = 0.003; P = 0.032; P = 0.016), respectively.
Conclusion: Combining PCR, symptoms, and CT together doubles the likelihood of a correct diagnosis. Quarantined patients must be regularly monitored.
Anorectal malformations: Early outcome analysis in a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Mathew Priya , Gupta Arun Kumar , Gupta Rahul , Sharma Dharmesh 
Published: May 2021

Background: Delayed diagnosis, referral, and presence of associated anomalies may influence the outcome of Anorectal malformations (ARM). The aim of this study was to analyze the early outcomes (1 month postoperatively) of ARM presenting in the neonatal period.
Methods: A prospective study was carried out in our tertiary care teaching institute from December 2018 to March 2020. All neonates admitted in the NICU with ARM were studied.
Results: There were 315 neonates; out of these, 236 (74.92%) were male and 79 (25.07%) were female. High ARM (HARM) was present in 265 (84.13%) and low ARM (LARM) in 50 (15.87%). Associated congenital anomalies were noted in 121 (38.41%). Major associated anomalies consisted of gastrointestinal (GIT) (41.32%), oesophageal (31.4%), and genitourinary (GU) (19.83%). Out of 306 procedures for ARM, 196 (64.05%) neonates underwent left transverse colostomy (LTC). The most frequent postoperative complications were thrombocytopenia (115) followed by sepsis (98). Colostomy prolapse was uncommon (2). The overall mortality was 87/315 (27.61%) neonates - 82/265 (30.94%) in HARM and 5/50 (10%) in LARM. Neonatal mortality was significantly high with birth weight <2500gm 55/153 (35.94%; p value= 0.0001), associated malformations 82 (67.76%, p value= 0.003); and delayed presentation 40/87 (45%), and with primary perforation 5/6 (83.33%).
Conclusions: Higher mortality was associated with low birth weight, double/ triple atresia, neonatal GIT perforation, sepsis on admission, and those with oesophageal and cardiac anomalies. More than 1/3rd (38.41%) patients had associated anomalies; thus, a detailed systematic evaluation of all subtypes is paramount.
EL NUEVO RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO DE LOS CENTROS DE INTERNAMIENTO DE EXTRANJEROS
Authors: LÓPEZ BENÍTEZ MARIANO 
Published: May 2021

Los Centros de Internamiento de Extranjeros son unos establecimientos
públicos dedicados a asegurar el cumplimiento de las resoluciones administrativas que, en
su día, decidan la expulsión, devolución o regreso de los extranjeros que se encuentren
o pretendan ingresar ilegalmente en España. Aunque ni por su naturaleza ni por su finalidad
son establecimientos penitenciarios, generan, sin embargo, un régimen jurídico entre
la Administración y los extranjeros ingresados que presenta fuertes concomitancias con
aquéllos. El presente trabajo se dedica precisamente a analizar su régimen jurídico.
Atzerritarrak barneratzeko zentroak establezimendu publikoak dira eta
helburu hau dute: Espainian legez kanpo egon edo sartzen saiatzen diren atzerritarrei buruzko
administrazio-ebazpenak (kanporatzea, itzulketa edo itzulera) betetzen direla bermatzea.
Izaeraz eta helburuz espetxeak ez badira ere, zentro horietan barneratutakoen eta
administrazioaren artean sortutako araubideak antzekotasun handiak ditu espetxeen araubidearekin.
Lan honetan, zentro horien araubidea aztertzen da, hain zuzen.
Alien Internment Centres ¿best know by their Spanish abbreviation
CIES¿ are public establishments dedicated to ensure the fulfilment of the administrative
resolutions deciding on the expulsion, devolution or returning of foreigners either already
illegally in Spain or willing to enter the country illegally. Neither their nature nor their finality
is to serve as penitentiary centres. Nevertheless the legal functioning of CIES and prisons
share some similarities. The aim of the present essay is to analyze their legal status.
REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL DOCTORADO EN DERECHO
Authors: LÓPEZ RAMÓN FERNANDO 
Published: May 2021

El objeto de este trabajo es recapacitar sobre los objetivos de los estudios
de Derecho, particularmente de los relativos al doctorado. Se sostiene aquí que la función
prioritaria de los programas de doctorado es formar en las tareas investigadoras a los futuros
profesores, por lo que las Universidades han de prestar especial atención a las condiciones
y al proceso de la investigación científica. Sobre tales aspectos se realizan algunas
consideraciones, tratando de contribuir a su adecuado diseño y desarrollo.
Lan honen helburua da gogoeta egitea Zuzenbideko ikerketen eta batik
bat doktoretzako ikerketen helburuei buruz. Hemen defendatzen denez, doktoretza-programen
funtzio nagusia da etorkizuneko irakasleak ikerketa-lanetan prestatzea, eta, hortaz,
unibertsitateek arreta bereziz zaindu behar dituzte ikerketa zientifikoaren baldintzak eta prozesua.
Hainbat azalpen ematen dira alderdi horiei buruz, behar bezala diseinatzen eta garatzen
laguntzeko.
The object of this article is to reflect on the objectives of the Law Studies,
particularly those relating to the PhD programmers. The article argues that the main role of
PhD degrees is to train future lecturers in their research competencies. Universities should
consequently pay special attention to the conditions and the process of scientific research.
The paper makes some considerations on how to contribute to the proper design and
development of the PhD programmers.
ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS DE LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE CENTROS COMERCIALES EN LOS MERCADOS MUNICIPALES Y LA PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y DEL ENTORNO URBANO. LA CONSIDERACIÓN DE LAS RAZONES IMPERIOSAS DEL INTERÉS
Authors: LÓPEZ TUBIA EVA MARÍA 
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza la evolución normativa de la implantación de
los centros comerciales en el territorio del País vasco y Navarra, como estrategia complementaria
de protección de los mercados tradicionales, que goza de una creciente vitalidad
y posibilidades de futuro tras la aprobación de la Directiva Bolkestein. En especial, se trata
la evolución de los mecanismos de autorización y protección ambiental que, si bien descansaban
en el ejercicio unilateral de potestades administrativas, hoy en día se orientan a
estrategias acordadas con los sectores interesados y afectados, como modo de garantizar
el derecho a un medio ambiente adecuado y el pacífico disfrute del derecho de los vecinos
a la prestación y establecimiento de los servicios públicos como son los mercados municipales
tradicionales.
Artikulu hau ezartzeko erosketa Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko eta Nafarroako
lurraldean zentroetako arauak duen bilakaera aztertzen du, merkatu tradizionalen babesaren
osagarria den estrategia bezalakoen, bizitasun hazkorraz gozatzen duen bilakaera
arau-emailea eta Bolkestein Zuzentarauren onespenaren ondoren etorkizunaren posibilitateak.
Batez ere, baimeneko eta ingurumenaren babeseko mekanismoen bilakaera tratatzen
da, administrazio-ahaletako ariketa unilateralean egon arren, gaur egun sektore interesatuekin
oroitutako estrategietara orientatzen dira eta eraginda, ingurumen egokirako eskubidea
eta auzotarren eskubidearen gozamen baketsua prestazioari eta zerbitzu publikoen ezarpenari.
This article analyzes the legal evolution of the shopping centers in the
territory of the Basque Country and Navarra; this is a complementary protection strategy
of traditional market, which enjoys a growing vitality and future expectations before
the Bolkestein Directive. Specially, the evolution of the authorization and environmental
protection mechanisms, which in the past relied in the unilateral exercise of administrative
authority and now are increasingly oriented to shared strategies with the stakeholders,
as a way to guaranteeing the right to enjoy an adequate environment and the right to
peaceful enjoyment of neighbors in achieving collective aims, in this case, the traditional
city markets.
EL DEBER DE CONSERVACIÓN DESDE EL PRISMA DEL ESTADO SOCIAL
Authors: MENÉNDEZ SEBASTIÁN EVA Mª 
Published: May 2021

Si siempre ha sido fundamental para el Derecho Administrativo el estudio
del papel del Estado en la Sociedad, hoy en día nos encontramos ante una etapa de cambio
y, fundamentalmente, ante la importantísima crisis del Estado Social en que se hace
imprescindible reformular las relaciones entre ambos.
Así, a través de un tema tan concreto como es el deber de conservación de los propietarios,
especialmente de inmuebles, se tratará una cuestión tan primordial de nuestro
tiempo como es el Estado Social y la situación de crisis que el mismo afronta en estos momentos.
A tales efectos, se analiza cómo una definición u otra de este deber, así como su regulación
concreta, puede incidir en dar un paso hacia delante o hacia atrás en la consecución
de la vivienda digna como derecho social integrante de nuestro Estado.
Estatuak gizartean duen eginkizuna aztertzea Administrazio Zuzenbiderako
betidanik funtsezkoa izan da, eta gaur egun bizi dugun aldaketa-fasean funtsezkoagoa,
estatu soziala krisialdi larrian baitago. Horrenbestez, ezinbestekoa da bien arteko loturak
berrikustea.
Hala, estatu soziala, egungo oso gai garrantzitsua, eta haren krisialdia aztertuko ditugu, jabeen,
batez ere higiezinen jabeen, kontserbazio-betebeharra bezalako gai zehatz baten bidez.
Horretarako, betebehar horren definizio ezberdinek eta erregulazio zehatzak izan dezaketen
eragina aztertuko dugu, gure Estatuaren gizarte-eskubide bat lortzeko, etxebizitza
duina edukitzeko, aurrerapausoak edo atzerapausoak izan baitaitezke.
If the study of State¿s role within society has always been fundamental as
far as Administrative Law is concerned, nowadays we find ourselves in a changing period
and principally, before the so important crisis of the Welfare State, where the relationships
between both of them need to be reformulated.
Hence, by means of such a specific subject as the duty of preservation by the owners,
specially of properties, we deal with a key issue of our times as it is Social State
and the crisis situation it faces nowadays.
To that end, it is analyzed how one or another definition for this duty together with
its specific regulation will have an impact to move forward or backward so as to
achieve a dignified housing as a social right which is to be part of our State.
LA PROTECCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL DE LOS DERECHOS A LA INTIMIDAD Y A LA PROPIA IMAGEN EN LAS RELACIONES LABORALES: UNA VISIÓN DESDE LA JURISPRUDENCIA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: MIERES MIERES LUIS JAVIER 
Published: May 2021

La protección del derecho fundamental a la intimidad en el ámbito de las
relaciones laborales ha dado lugar a una amplia y rica jurisprudencia constitucional. Dentro
del ámbito protegido por el derecho a la intimidad cabe distinguir entre intimidad en sentido
fuerte (o intimidad socialmente reconocida) y en sentido débil (intimidad subjetivamente
reservada). Ambas manifestaciones del derecho se proyectan sobre el desarrollo de
la prestación laboral imponiendo límites a los poderes empresariales de vigilancia y control,
cuyo ejercicio debe ajustarse al principio de proporcional. Aunque el artículo 18.1 CE no
protege lo que puede denominarse la libertad de la vida privada, la jurisprudencia constitucional
ha articulado distintas técnicas a fin de amparar ciertas manifestaciones del libre desarrollo
de la personalidad de los trabajadores directamente vinculadas con la vida privada.
Lan-harremanen arloan funtsezkoa den intimitatearen eskubidea babesteak
jurisprudentzia konstituzional zabala eta aberatsa eragin du. Intimitate-eskubideak babesten
duen eremuaren baitan, intimitatearen zentzu sendoa (edo gizarteak onartzen duena)
eta zentzu ahula dago (intimitate subjektiboa). Biak ala biak proiektatzen dira lan-prestazioan,
enpresen zaintza-eta kontrol-ahalmenak mugatuz, eta proportzionaltasunaren printzipioa
betearaziz. EKaren 18.1 artikuluak ez du babesten bizitza pribatuaren askatasuna esan ahal
zaiona, baina jurisprudentzia konstituzionalak hainbat teknikaren bidez babesten ditu langileen
nortasunaren garapen librearen zenbait alderdi, zuzenean bizitza pribatuarekin lotuak.
The protection of the fundamental right to privacy in the area of the work
relations has caused a rich and wide-ranging constitutional jurisprudence. In the protected
area for the right to privacy, it can be distinguished among a hard privacy (or socially recognized
privacy) and a weak privacy (privacy subjectively reserved). Both manifestations
of the right to privacy are projected on the workplace and they limit the entrepreneurial
powers of surveillance and control, the exercise of which it has to fit the principle of proportionality.
Although article 18.1 CE does not protect what can be denominated the freedom
of the private life, the constitutional jurisprudence has articulated different techniques
in order to protect certain manifestations of the free development of the personality of the
workers directly linked to the private life.