bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: P NAGARAJ , P SARAVANAN , R MANI 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the neurological, behavioral, and autonomic changes of Phyllanthus niruri in Swiss albino mice using Irwin’s method.
Methods: A total of 24 mice was divided into four groups of six each (3-male, 3-female in each group). Aqueous extract of P. niruri was prepared. Based on body weight aqueous extract was given to the mice by orally through gavage tube (Group I – 300 mg/kg, Group II – 600 mg/kg, Group III – 900 mg/kg, and Group IV – 1200 mg/kg). Neuropharmacological profile is studied for each mice using Irwin’s observational test, the mice were observed for 4 h after oral administration for various behavioral, neurological, and autonomic changes at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 h.
Results: P. niruri showed negligible actions at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight. At 900 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg P. niruri showed certain behavioral and neuronal changes. P. niruri increased alertness, stereotypy, restlessness, irritability/aggressiveness in behavioral profile indicating that the drug is a CNS stimulant. Furthermore, it showed mild tremors in neurological profile indicating CNS excitation.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of P. niruri at 900 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg showed changes in behavioral profile, neurological profile, showing it as CNS stimulant properties. Since it is an observational study further research should be done to explore CNS stimulant properties in various in vivo studies.
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of a novel polyherbal formulation in streptozotocin - nicotinamide induced diabetic wistar rats
Authors: KISHOR KUMAR V  , LALITHA K G  
Published: April 2021

Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing seven plants namely Cassia auriculata, Cassia fistula, Syzygium cumini, Cyperus rotundus, Saussurea lappa, Terminalia arjuna and Salacia reticulate in streptozotocin (STZ) - nicotinamide (NC) induced diabetic rats by administering oral doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight).
Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Rats were fed with normal laboratory diet and induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg of STZ, and thereafter 120 mg/kg NC was injected after 15min. Diabetic rats were treated with formulation (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with ACCU CHEK glucometer. Glycosylated haemoglobin, total haemoglobin, lipid profiles, lipoproteins, hepatic marker enzymes activity were determined in normal and STZ- NC induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the PHF for 28 days. Histopathological changes in normal and diabetic rat pancreas organs were also observed after PHF treatment.The statistical analysis of results was carried out using one-way analysis (ANOVA) followed by post hoc multiple comparison tests.
Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) indicate significant decreased blood glucose level and significant improvement in body weight. PHF treated rats showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the level of HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT and ALP while a significant increment in the level of Hb, HDL cholesterol was observed. Furthermore, the PHF treated rats has a favourable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ-NC induced diabetes.
Conclusion: These findings suggested the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of the PHF and thus help in preventing future complications of diabetes.
Integrating Cultural Materials as the Media for Extensive Reading for Teaching Bahasa Indonesia as Foreign Language
Authors: Isnaini Mohamad , Faizin Faizin , Anisa Rochmatika Nur 
Published: April 2021

Menyajikan teks Bahasa Indonesia yang ditulis dengan meintegrasikan unsur-unsur budaya untuk materi belajar siswa Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) memberikan banyak manfaat. Selain sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan jumlah kosa kata, materi yang memasukkan unsur-unsur budaya juga menjadi media untuk mempromosikan budaya Indonesia. Melalui pertimbangan pada kebutuhan belajar siswa BIPA di mana harus memasukkan pembelajaran budaya lokal, penyajian teks bacaan ini dapat dilakukan secara insidental maupun secara langsung dengan menggunakan model membaca ekstensif. Oleh karena itu, penyusanan materi yang mengintegrasikan unsur budaya sangat direkomendasikan untuk dipilih oleh guru karena membantu siswa BIPA dalam mempelajari prinsip-prinsip yang menarik dan otentik. Pada artikel ini, data diambil dari berbagai penelitian terdahulu yang mencakup penyusunan teks berbasis interkultural, model pembelajaran BIPA, dan berbagai jenis model membaca ekstensif. Data diolah secara deskriptif untuk dapat melahirkan gagasan baru tentang penyusunan bahan ajar sebagai materi pendukung proses belajar mengajar di kelas BIPA. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pengajar BIPA diharapkan dapat menyusun teks bacaan yang memiliki kesamaan topik untuk selanjutnya dapat diimbuhkan dengan latihan praktik. Penyusunan buku teks dengan menitikkberatkan konten berbasis budaya dan dikelompokkan sesuai dengan tingkat kemahiran berbahasa juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis bagi para siswa BIPA.

Presenting Indonesian text written by combining cultural elements for student learning materials of Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) provides many benefits. Apart from being a stimulation to enrich vocabulary, material that contains cultural elements is also a means to promote Indonesian culture. By considering the learning needs of BIPA students who must include local cultural learning, the presentation of this reading text can be done incidentally or directly by using an extensive reading model. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers choose a material that integrates cultural elements since it beneficial for BIPA students to learn interesting and authentic principles. In this article, data is drawn from various previous studies which include compilation of intercultural based texts, BIPA learning models, and various types of extensive reading models. The data is processed descriptively to be able to generate new ideas about the preparation of teaching materials as expected to support the teaching and learning process in BIPA classes.
Design of a Portable Soil Analysis Instrument for Remote Teleoperated Rover Platforms
Authors: Xie James , Archer Emily 
Published: April 2021

The search for extant life has long been an interest since people have been able to successfully explore other worlds. However, on space missions, experiments must be performed autonomously, with limited resources, and a carefully selected suite of instruments. Instruments are additionally constrained by weight, reliability, and size which limits use of many modern advanced systems. The Queen’s Space Engineering Team (QSET) is proposing the design of a portable (12” x 12” x 12”) instrument to identify signs supporting extant life aboard a mobile rover platform during exploration missions. The instrument will receive soil samples collected by the rover, analyse the composition to identify key molecules, and transmit data back to a ground station. This system relies on colorimetric measurements using a UV-VIS spectrometer and features a solvent recycle system to minimize weight and waste. This project is part of a larger environment characterisation module to be mounted on a Mars rover system designed for competition at the University Rover Challenge (URC) at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah. As of this date, each subsystem has successfully passed performance testing and the entire instrument is entering its system-level prototyping stage.
Validation of a low-cost adjustable, handheld needle guide for spine interventions
Authors: Wiercigroch Julia 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: MR-guided injections are safer for the patient and the physician than CT-guided interventions but require a significant amount of hand-eye coordination and mental registration by the physician. We propose a low-cost, adjustable, handheld guide to assist the operator in aligning the needle in the correct orientation for the injection.
Methods: The operator adjusts the guide to the desired insertion angle as determined by an MRI image. Next, the operator aligns the guide in the image plane using the horizontal laser and level gradient. The needle is inserted into the sleeve of the guide and inserted into the patient. To evaluate the method, two operators inserted 5 needles in two facet joints of a lumbar spine phantom. Insertion points, final points and trajectory angles were compared to the projected needle trajectory using an electromagnetic tracking system.
Results: On their first attempt, operators were able to insert the needle into the facet joint 85% of the time. On average, operators had an insertion point error of 2.92 ± 1.57 mm, a target point error of 3.39 ± 2.28 mm, and a trajectory error of 3.98 ± 2.09 degrees.
Conclusion: A low-cost, adjustable, handheld guide was developed to assist in correctly positioning a needle in MR-guided needle interventions. The guide is as accurate as other needle placement assistance mechanisms, including the biplane laser guides and image overlay devices when used in lumbar facet joint injections in phantoms.
Diagnostic value of lymph node fine-needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Ton Eryilmaz Ozlem , Ucak Ramazan , Ozagari Ayse Aysim , Kabukcuoglu Fevziye 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cytology by comparing the results of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathologic examination.

Material and Methods:
A 4-year retrospective study design was conducted on FNAC samples from the lymph nodes of patients in our hospital between January 2015 and December 2018. The cytopathological diagnoses were compared with the histopathological results of the same excised lymph nodes. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy rate were calculated.

Results:
A total of 392 lymph nodes were aspirated during the study period. Cytologic analysis of the lymph nodes revealed the following: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 239 (61%); metastatic, 61 (15.6%); granulomatous lymphadenitis, 24 (6.1%); suspicious, 24 (6.1%); pyogenic abscess, 10 (2.6%); necrosis, 4 (1%); non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 (0.5%); and non-diagnostic, 28 (7.1%). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 26 (6.6%) cases to the cell block samples. Histopathological correlation was available in 73 (18.7%) cases. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of FNAC of lymph nodes were 87.9%, 100%, 100%, and 89.7%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94.1%. In case of malignancies, the histopathological correlation was 100%. Of four cases with false negative, three were low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one was granulocytic sarcoma.

Conclusion:
FNAC of lymph nodes is a safe, easy, cheap, quick diagnostic tool and reduces the need for diagnostic excisional biopsy in many patients. Cytological diagnosis can be supported with immunohistochemical analysis of cell block samples. However, lymphomas, particularly low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas, are a diagnostic challenge and additional studies such as flow cytometry are required in cases with suspicious for lymphoma.
Linear trends over 20 years in sexually transmitted infections among patients attending a tertiary care centre in north Kerala, India
Authors: Suresh Archana , Jose Reeshma , Sasidharanpillai Sarita , Chathoth Anuradha Thalian , Ajithkumar Kidangazhiathmana 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Worldwide, a declining trend is observed in sexually transmitted infections of bacterial origin which is reflected as a rise in the proportion of viral sexually transmitted infections.

Aims:
To find out the clinical referral patterns of sexually transmitted infections among patients who attended the sexually transmitted infection clinic attached to Dermatology and Venereology Department of Government Medical College, Kozhikode from 1.1.1998 to 31.12.2017 and to study the linear trends in the pattern of sexually transmitted infections over 20 years.

Methods:
After clearance from the institutional ethics committee, a retrospective study was conducted among patients who attended the sexually transmitted infection clinic of Government Medical College, Kozhikode from 1.1.1998 to 31.12.2017 and were diagnosed to have sexually transmitted infections.

Results:
During the 20 year study period 5227 patients, attended the sexually transmitted infection clinic of our institution. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection was made in 2470 (47.3%) cases. Predominant sexually transmitted infections were herpes genitalis (964, 39%), condyloma acuminata (921, 37.9%) and syphilis (418, 17.2%). Viral sexually transmitted infections (1885, 76.3%) outnumbered bacterial sexually transmitted infections (575, 23.3%). A declining trend was noted for both bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections over the 20 year period, which was more marked for the former. But the latter years of the study documented a rising trend in total sexually transmitted infections including bacterial sexually transmitted infections.

Limitations:
The study does not reflect the status of sexually transmitted infections in the general population since it was conducted in a tertiary referral center.

Conclusion:
The disturbing ascending trend recorded in sexually transmitted infections including syphilis during the final years of the 20-year period needs to be watched closely, to plan future strategies.
Non-venereal genital dermatoses and their impact on quality of life—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vinay N. , Ranugha P. S. S. , Betkerur Jayadev B. , Shastry Veeranna , Ashwini P. K. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Lesions on the external genitalia could be venereal or non-venereal. Non-venereal genital dermatoses are common and may cause considerable anxiety to patients, particularly if noticed after sexual intercourse. However, this aspect has not been studied much till now.

Objectives:
Our study proposes to describe the profile of non-venereal genital dermatoses and determine their impact on quality of life both social and sexual, using the dermatology life quality index questionnaire.

Methods:
We recruited patients aged 18 years and above, who were diagnosed to have non-venereal genital dermatoses during the study period. A detailed history was obtained and clinical examination done with relevant investigations when necessary. The dermatology life quality index was assessed and graded in all patients using Finlay dermatology life quality index questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 293 patients with non-venereal genital dermatoses were seen and 25 different dermatoses were observed. Men 242(82.6%) outnumbered women. The commonest age group affected was 31–50 years 144(50%). Chronic inflammatory dermatoses 135(41.6%) constituted the majority of cases. Scrotal dermatitis 46(15.7%), lichen simplex chronicus 37(12.6%), vitiligo 31(10.6%) were seen most frequently. In the study group, 111(37.9%) patients had moderate and 133(45.4%) had large impact on the quality of life. Erectile dysfunction was seen in 48(19.8%) men and 9(3.7%) had premature ejaculation. A significant effect on dermatology life quality index was found with increasing age (P = 0.007), positive marital status (P = 0.006), history of unprotected sex (P < 0.001), history of recurrences (P = 0.002) and venereophobia. (P = 0.008).

Limitations:
The number of women in the study group was less compared to men and we could not ascertain the type of sexual dysfunction in them.

Conclusion:
Non-venereal genital dermatoses are common, more so among men. They have a significant impact on the quality of life of the individual. Recognizing and addressing this problem will help in managing these patients effectively.
El caso del juicio de comiso de José Francisco Córdova en Chiapas.
Authors: Torres Freyermuth Amanda Úrsula 
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es explorar los procesos de comiso de mercancía en la “raya” Chiapas-Guatemala del caso de José Francisco Córdova, un abogado y expatriado guatemalteco. A partir de su descripción y análisis se vislumbra de qué manera las distintas autoridades en el estado de Chiapas, actuaron en el “combate” al contrabando.
La Administración Autónoma del norte y este de Siria frente a la pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: Aguilar Silva Erika Susana 
Published: April 2021

Acechada por el régimen sirio, así como por un buen número de actores locales, regionales y extra-regionales que no ven con buenos ojos el afianzamiento de una forma de organización anti-sistémica y emancipatoria, la Administración Autónoma del Norte y Este de Siria (AANES) ha hecho frente a la actual crisis sanitaria mediante la práctica del comunalismo, el trabajo cooperativo y formas de vida que se apartan de la modernidad capitalista. Por ello, el artículo tiene como objetivo identificar la serie de estrategias implementadas por este ejercicio de democracia radical para hacer frente a la pandemia por Covid-19, al tiempo que sus detractores redoblan esfuerzos para desarticular su proyecto, basado en la ideología del Confederalismo Democrático.
Investigação de Ilhas de Calor em Brasília: Análise Multitemporal com Enfoque na Cobertura do Solo (Investigation of Heat Islands in Brasilia: Multi-Temporal Analysis with Focus on Land Cover)
Authors: Santana Nickolas Castro 
Published: April 2021

As questões relacionadas com o clima urbano tem se intensificado a partir da crescente urbanização imposta pelo sistema de desenvolvimento vigente. Um dos problemas gerados são as Ilhas de Calor, um aquecimento da superfície que tende a se formar em centros de cidades onde há intensa urbanização, sendo que a cidade de Brasília possuí as características básicas para a formação das mesmas. Para detectar a formação das ilhas de calor em Brasília foram utilizadas quatro imagens termais do satélite Landsat – 5, de 1987 á 2011. A partir da análise dos mapas de temperatura superficial foi possível perceber o constante aumento das temperaturas e abrangência das ilhas de calor em Brasília, fato este influenciado pela expansão urbana e intensificação do uso urbano, outro grande foco de calor foram as áreas de solo exposto que se apresentaram em certos casos com temperaturas maiores até mesmo que o centro da cidade, percebe-se portanto a necessidade de uma melhor gestão e planejamento das áreas urbanas para minimizar os impactos climáticos que tendem a se tornar cada vez mais significativos. A B S T R A C T Issues related to urban climate has intensified from increasing urbanization imposed by the current development system. One of the problems generated are the heat islands, a warming of the surface that tends to form in city centers where there is intense urbanization, and the city of Brasilia possess the basic characteristics for forming the same. To detect the formation of heat islands in Brasilia the research used four thermal images of Landsat - 5, 1987 to 2011. Based on the analysis of the maps of temperature was possible to perceive the rising temperatures and breadth of heat islands in Brasilia, this fact influenced by urban expansion and intensification of urban use, another major focus of heat were the areas of exposed soil that performed in some cases with even higher temperatures than the city center, so realizes the need for better management and planning of urban areas to minimize climate impacts that are likely to become increasingly significant. Keywords: Heat Islands; Thermal Sensor; Brasília; Land Use;
Efektivitas Pelatihan Relaksasi Otot Progresif terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Primary Caregiver Anak Penderita Leukemia
Authors: Nainggolan Ananda Imanuela , Widyastuti Widyastuti , Ridfah Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

Tingkat kecemasan di antara primary caregiver dalam memberikan perawatan pada anak penderita leukemia tergolong sedang hingga tinggi, sehingga dibutuhkan intervensi yang sesuai untuk mengatasinya. Salah satu intervensi yang sesuai adalah teknik relaksasi otot progresif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelatihan relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan primary caregiver anak penderita leukemia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design with follow up. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah empat orang yang merupakan primary caregiver dan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Skala Kecemasan. Subjek penelitian berjumlah empat orang yang memperoleh skor dari Skala Kecemasan pada kategori sedang. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan relaksasi otot progresif yang dilakukan secara rutin dapat menurunkan kecemasan primary caregiver anak penderita leukemia.
Kata kunci: kecemasan, primary caregiver, relaksasi otot progresif
Pelatihan Intentional Change Model untuk Meningkatkan Leader Effectiveness Pengurus PPGT
Authors: Mahari Ellyana Surya , Handoyo Seger , Eko Maria 
Published: April 2021

Efektifitas pemimpin bukanlah hal yang mudah untuk dicapai oleh seorang pemimpin. Pemimpin itu harus membangun kesadaran untuk memperlengkapai diri dan anggotanya demi tercapainya tujuan. Keyakinan intrapersonal dalam kapabilitasnya untuk berfungsi sebagai pemimpin disebut leader role-efficacy (LRE), kemampuannya untuk menavigasi dan mengelola hubungan interpersonal dengan anggotanya disebut leader trust in subordinate (LTS), keduanya merupakan elemen kunci dari leader effectiveness. Penelitian ini bertujuann untuk mengetahui apakah pelatihan intentional change model (ICM) dapat meningkatkan leader effectiveness pengurus Persekutuan Pemuda Gereja Toraja (PPGT) jemaat Pajalesang Palopo. Subjek penelitian yaitu pengurus organisasi PPGT berjumlah limabelas orang sebagai one group pre and post-test design. Kuesioner ­pre-test diberikan seminggu sebelum perlakuan dan kuesioner post-test diberikan dua minggu setelah perlakuan. Alat ukur yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah Leader effectiveness scale dari Ladegard dan Gjerde (2014) dan Psychological Capital Quetionnaire (PCQ) dari Luthans, Youssef, dan Avolio (2015). Dari pengukuran menggunakan teknik analisa t sample t-test. Hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan pelatihan intentional change model dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar p=0,000 (p?0,05).
Kata kunci: Efektivitas Pemimpin; Intentional Change Model; PPGT.
Peran Attachment terhadap Self-Esteem pada Dewasa Muda Diselingkuhi
Authors: Hasian Breninda Junita , Ariela Jessica 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ada atau tidaknya pengaruh attachment terhadap self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang pernah diselingkuhi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 113 partisipan dengan karakteristik usia 20-40 tahun, pernah diselingkuhi sewaktu berpacaran, dan sudah memiliki pasangan baru dengan status berpacaran maupun menikah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik survei yang disebar online. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur The Experienced in Close Relationship Revised (ECR-R) untuk mengukur attachment dan Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) untuk mengukur self-esteem. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji regresi berganda untuk melakukan analisa pengaruh. Hasil penelitian dengan melihat attachment sebagai sebuah konstruk, didapatkan hanya dimensi attachment related-anxiety yang memberikan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang pernah diselingkuhi (R2=.286, p= .000, p<.05). Selain itu, hasil analisa korelasi dan uji beda antara data demografis yang berkaitan dengan kedua variabel juga dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci: attachment, self-esteem, dewasa muda, selingkuh