bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolic origins of non-photorespiratory CO2 release during photosynthesis: a metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Xu Yuan , Fu Xinyu , Sharkey Thomas D , Shachar-Hill Yair , Walker and Berkley J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Respiration in the light (RL) releases CO2 in photosynthesizing leaves and is a phenomenon that occurs independently from photorespiration. Since RL lowers net carbon fixation, understanding RL could help improve plant carbon-use efficiency and models of crop photosynthesis. Although RL was identified more than 75 years ago, its biochemical mechanisms remain unclear. To identify reactions contributing to RL, we mapped metabolic fluxes in photosynthesizing source leaves of the oilseed crop and model plant camelina (Camelina sativa). We performed a flux analysis using isotopic labeling patterns of central metabolites during 13CO2 labeling time course, gas exchange, and carbohydrate production rate experiments. To quantify the contributions of multiple potential CO2 sources with statistical and biological confidence, we increased the number of metabolites measured and reduced biological and technical heterogeneity by using single mature source leaves and quickly quenching metabolism by directly injecting liquid N2; we then compared the goodness-of-fit between these data and data from models with alternative metabolic network structures and constraints. Our analysis predicted that RL releases 5.2 μmol CO2 g−1 FW h−1 of CO2, which is relatively consistent with a value of 9.3 μmol CO2 g−1 FW h−1 measured by CO2 gas exchange. The results indicated that ≤10% of RL results from TCA cycle reactions, which are widely considered to dominate RL. Further analysis of the results indicated that oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to pentose phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate (the G6P/OPP shunt) can account for &gt;93% of CO2 released by RL.
Pastoral and spiritual care for quarantined individuals and their families
Authors: Galang Joseph Renus F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A recent article showed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients quarantined in isolation facilities instead of in their homes help control the spread of the virus. Given this, isolation facilities must be promoted, no matter how difficult for the patient and the family. This article recommends that pastoral and spiritual care is necessary for both the isolated individual and the family left behind. Ultimately, pastoral and spiritual care may provide a more profound kind of immunity for COVID-19 patients.
QUANTIFICATION OF PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS–COMPARISON BETWEEN DIGITAL CHEST TOMOSYNTHESIS AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Meltzer C , Gilljam M , Vikgren J , Norrlund R R , Vult von Steyern K , Båth M , Johnsson Å A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is currently undergoing validation for potential clinical implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for DTS as a low-dose alternative to computed tomography (CT) in imaging of pulmonary pathology in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: DTS and CT were performed as part of the routine triannual follow-up in 31 CF patients. Extent of disease was quantified according to modality-specific scoring systems. Statistical analysis included Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) and Krippendorff’s alpha (α). Major findings: The median effective dose was 0.14 for DTS and 2.68 for CT. Intermodality correlation was very strong for total score and the subscores regarding bronchiectasis and bronchial wall-thickening (r = 0.82–0.91, P &lt; 0.01). Interobserver reliability was high for total score, bronchiectasis and mucus plugging (α = 0.83–0.93) in DTS. Conclusion: Chest tomosynthesis could be a low-dose alternative to CT in quantitative estimation of structural lung disease in CF.
Crowdfunding artists: beyond match-making on platforms
Authors: Dalla Chiesa Carolina , Dekker Erwin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the role that crowdfunding plays for artists who create small-scale projects. We find that artists struggle to reach new audiences and, thus, mainly use this funding tool to transform monetary gifts into reputation for their careers. Crowdfunding platforms are believed to lower transaction costs while allowing for more direct engagement between founders and funders. Instead, our study demonstrates that artists use the platform to build distance from their thick relationships and intimate networks where most of their funding originates. They hope that a successful project will help them cross the symbolic boundaries between amateur and professional realms. Despite a high success rate, most of them report not wanting to create crowdfunding campaigns again since they rarely reach other social networks. We develop these arguments to contribute to a socio-economic perspective of online funding platforms as important intermediaries in the career path of users operating at the boundary of amateur and professional production. This article contributes to developing a critical understanding of platforms, especially when users are not typical entrepreneurs or business-oriented agents but artists and do-it-yourself creators searching for funding opportunities.
Mechanisms Linking High Residential Mobility to Decreased Contraceptive Use: The Importance of Method Availability
Authors: Clark Anne C , Kusunoki Yasamin , Barber Jennifer S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While research has demonstrated that high residential mobility has negative consequences for an array of outcomes, particularly among women and young adults, the mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. The consequences of high residential mobility may be comprised solely of a series of short-term disruptions surrounding individual moves, or there may also be long-term, cumulative effects from repeated moves. High residential mobility may diminish access to resources as individuals move to different neighborhoods, impose a cognitive burden that impairs their ability to plan ahead, or decrease the relative power they have in their relationships to limit exposure to risk behaviors. We adjudicate between these possibilities by predicting the effects of high residential mobility on sexual intercourse and contraceptive use, the proximate determinants of pregnancy, during women’s transition to adulthood. Using 2.5 years of monthly address data for 882 respondents in the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study—a random sample of young women in Genesee County, Michigan—we find that high residential mobility is associated with long-term decreases in contraceptive use. These long-term consequences are independent of the short-term effects of individual moves and attributable to diminished contraceptive access. We disentangle the effects of home-leaving, which is distinct from subsequent moves.
Questioning corona—a study and research path
Authors: Jensen Mette , Winsløw Carl 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a so-called ‘study and research path’, designed for advanced high school teaching in the context of a master’s thesis project, along with an outline of the mathematical and didactic background. The aim of the paper is to present and discuss an adaptation of Chevallard’s ‘paradigm of questioning the world’ to currently prevailing institutional conditions and in particular to show how mixed mathematics may be revived at a time of crisis, such as the coronavirus outbreak during which the specific design was developed.
EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni: a clinical management alert
Authors: Vaz de Melo Trindade Guilherme , Pereira Thiago Almeida , Caporali Júlia Fonseca de Morais , Vaz de Melo Trindade Debora , Roriz Silvana Junia , Donado Vaz de Melo Patrícia , Lambertucci José Roberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni (HS) is associated with thrombocytopenia. Accurate platelet counts are required for identification and management of HS patients. EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) is an in vitro phenomenon of anticoagulant-activated platelet agglutination resulting in low platelet counts by automated methods. The prevalence of EDTA-PCTP in schistosomiasis is unknown and only one case has been described. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of EDTA-PTCP in HS and evaluate alternative methods to overcome this analytical error.

Methods
Blood samples from 56 HS patients and 56 healthy volunteers were collected, and platelet counts were obtained using standard microscopy and automated (electric impedance) methods. Automated platelet counts and the presence of platelet clumps in blood smears were evaluated in samples collected in EDTA or sodium citrate tubes 20 and 180 min after blood collection.

Results
EDTA-PTCP was more frequent in HS patients than healthy volunteers (8.92% vs 0.00%, p&lt;0.0285). Platelet clumps and PTCP were also observed in samples collected in sodium citrate tubes, refuting its use as an alternative method.

Conclusions
Automated platelet counts in blood samples from HS patients should be performed right after blood collection in EDTA tubes and verified by manual counts in blood smears.
Hepatitis delta virus-like circular RNAs from diverse metazoans encode conserved hammerhead ribozymes
Authors: de la Peña Marcos , Ceprián Raquel , Casey John L , Cervera Amelia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique infectious agent whose genome is composed of a small circular RNA. Recent data, however, have reported the existence of highly divergent HDV-like circRNAs in the transcriptomes of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. The HDV-like genomes described in amniotes such as birds and reptiles encode self-cleaving RNA motifs or ribozymes similar to the ones present in the human HDV, whereas no catalytic RNA domains have been reported for the HDV-like genomes detected in metagenomic data from some amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Herein, we describe the self-cleaving motifs of the HDV-like genomes reported in newts and fish, which belong to the characteristic class of HDV ribozymes. Surprisingly, HDV-like genomes from a toad and a termite show conserved type III hammerhead ribozymes, which belong to an unrelated class of catalytic RNAs characteristic of plant genomes and plant subviral circRNAs, such as some viral satellites and viroids. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of similar HDV-like hammerhead ribozymes encoded in two termite genomes, but also in the genomes of several dipteran species. In vitro transcriptions confirmed the cleaving activity for these motifs, with moderate rates of self-cleavage. These data indicate that all described HDV-like agents contain self-cleaving motifs from either the HDV or the hammerhead class. Autocatalytic ribozymes in HDV-like genomes could be regarded as interchangeable domains and may have arisen from cellular transcriptomes, although we still cannot rule out some other evolutionary explanations.
Conventional Gel Electrophoresis and TaqMan Probes Enable Rapid Confirmation of Thousand Cankers Disease from Diagnostic Samples
Authors: Stackhouse Tammy , Boggess Sarah L. , Hadziabdic Denita , Trigiano Robert N. , Ginzel Matthew D. , Klingeman William E. 
Published: February 2021

Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is caused by the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida and vectored by the walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis. In infected walnut and butternut (Juglans spp.) hosts and wingnut species (Pterocarya spp.) hosts, tree decline and death results in ecological disruption and economic losses. A rapid molecular detection protocol for TCD using microsatellite markers can confirm the presence of insect vector or fungal pathogen DNA, but it requires specialized expensive equipment and technical expertise. Using four different experimental approaches, capillary and conventional gel electrophoresis, and traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we describe simplified and inexpensive processes for diagnostic confirmation of TCD. The improved and rapid detection protocols reported in this study reduce time and equipment costs associated with detection of molecular pest and pathogen DNA by (1) using conventional gel electrophoresis or TaqMan molecular probes to elucidate the detection limits for G. morbida and P. juglandis DNA and (2) identifying resources that allow visualization of positive test results for infected host plant tissue samples. Conventional gel electrophoresis and TaqMan molecular probe protocols detected presence of DNA from TCD-associated fungal and insect samples. These procedural improvements can be readily adopted by diagnostic end-users and adapted for use with other complex disease systems to enable rapid pest and pathogen detection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Effect of Early and Conventional Sowings on Soybean Establishment Quality, Nodulation, and Early Biomass Development Under Inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Lamichhane Jay Ram , Aubertot Jean-Noël 
Published: February 2021

Early sowing has potential to reduce negative impacts of summer drought on soybean productivity in southern Europe. However, performing early sowing into cool and moist soil conditions may increase risks of soilborne pathogens that cause damping-off disease. We investigated whether and to what extent soybean germination, emergence, nodulation, and early biomass growth was affected when inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani, an important causal agent of damping-off disease. We conducted this study through four complementary approaches: (i) in vitro laboratory tests, (ii) field experiments including two sowing dates (early and conventional), (iii) growth-chamber experiments, and (iv) modeling. The pathogen caused disease symptoms and significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.001) radicle growth in vitro but failed to cause disease under field or growth-chamber conditions. No biological suppressiveness of the field soil to R. solani was found when tested in the growth chamber. Final field emergence rates ranged from 72 to 92% for early and conventional sowing, respectively, while those in the growth chamber ranged from 80 to 100%. Under field conditions, abiotic stresses were the major causes of nonemergence while biotic stresses had only minor impact on seedling emergence. A significant effect of sowing date (P < 0.001) was observed on the average shoot and root length and on the number of average nodules per plantlet. The overall prediction quality of the SIMPLE model was very good for both sowing dates. The contrasts between laboratory and field experiments in terms of disease development, time to emergence, and early growth parameters are discussed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Confirmation of an Inverse Relationship between Bioaerosol Count and Influenza-like Illnesses, Including COVID-19. On the Contribution of Mold Spores
Authors: Shah Richa B. , Shah Rachna D. , Retzinger Damien G. , Retzinger Andrew C. , Retzinger Deborah A. , Retzinger Gregory S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractData from Chicago confirm the end of flu season coincides with the beginning of pollen season. The end of flu season also coincides with onset of seasonal aerosolization of mold spores. Overall, the data suggest bioaerosols, especially mold spores, compete with viruses for a shared receptor, with the periodicity of influenza-like illnesses, including COVID-19, a consequence of seasonal factors that influence aerosolization of competing species.
Investigation of Autosomal Genetic Sex Differences in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Blauwendraat Cornelis , Iwaki Hirotaka , Makarious Mary B. , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Leonard Hampton , Grenn Francis P. , Lake Julie , Krohn Lynne , Tan Manuela , Kim Jonggeol Jeff , Gibbs Jesse Raphael , Hernandez Dena G. , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Toft Mathias , van Hilten Jacobus J. , Marinus Johan , Schulte Claudia , Brockmann Kathrin , Sharma Manu , Siitonen Ari , Majamaa Kari , Eerola-Rautio Johanna , Tienari Pentti J. , Grosset Donald , Lesage Suzanne , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Brice Alexis , Wood Nick , Hardy John , Gan-Or Ziv , Heutink Peter , Gasser Thomas , Morris Huw , Noyce Alastair J. , Nalls Mike A. , Singleton Andrew B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Males are on average ∼1.5 times more likely to develop PD compared to females. Over the years genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic risk factors for PD, however it is unclear whether genetics contribute to disease etiology in a sex-specific manner.In an effort to study sex-specific genetic factors associated with PD, we explored two large genetic datasets from the International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium and the UK Biobank consisting of 13,020 male PD cases, 7,936 paternal proxy cases, 89,660 male controls, 7,947 female PD cases, 5,473 maternal proxy cases and 90,662 female controls. We performed GWAS meta-analyses to identify distinct patterns of genetic risk contributing to disease in male versus female PD cases.In total 19 genome-wide significant regions were identified, and no sex-specific effects were observed. A high genetic correlation between the male and female PD GWASes was identified (rg=0.877) and heritability estimates were identical between male and female PD cases (∼20%).We did not detect any significant genetic differences between male or female PD cases. Our study does not support the notion that common genetic variation on the autosomes could explain the difference in prevalence of PD between males and females at least when considering the current sample size under study. Further studies are warranted to investigate the genetic architecture of PD explained by X and Y chromosomes and further evaluate environmental effects that could potentially contribute to PD etiology in male versus females.
Anterior nasal versus nasal mid-turbinate sampling for a SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid test: does localisation or professional collection matter?
Authors: Nikolai Olga , Rohardt Chiara , Tobian Frank , Junge Andrea , Corman Victor M. , Jones Terry C. , Gaeddert Mary , Lainati Federica , Sacks Jilian A. , Seybold Joachim , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Denkinger Claudia M. , Lindner Andreas K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this diagnostic accuracy study was direct comparison of two different nasal sampling methods for an antigen-based rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) that detects severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, the accuracy and feasibility of self-sampling was evaluated.MethodsThis manufacturer-independent, prospective diagnostic accuracy study, compared professional anterior nasal (AN) and nasal mid-turbinate (NMT) sampling for a WHO-listed SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT. A second group of participants collected a NMT sample themselves and underwent a professional nasopharyngeal swab for comparison. The reference standard was real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using combined oro-/nasopharyngeal sampling. Individuals with high suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested. Sensitivity, specificity, and percent agreement were calculated. Self-sampling was observed without intervention. Feasibility was evaluated by observer and participant questionnaires.ResultsAmong 132 symptomatic adults, both professional AN- and NMT-sampling yielded a sensitivity of 86.1% (31/36 RT-PCR positives detected; 95%CI: 71.3-93.9) and a specificity of 100.0% (95%CI: 95.7-100). The positive percent agreement (PPA) was 100% (95%CI: 89.0-100). Among 96 additional adults, self NMT- and professional NP-sampling yielded an identical sensitivity of 91.2% (31/34; 95%CI 77.0-97.0). Specificity was 98.4% (95%CI: 91.4-99.9) with NMT- and 100.0% (95%CI: 94.2-100) with NP-sampling. The PPA was 96.8% (95%CI: 83.8-99.8). Most participants (85.3%) considered self-sampling as easy to perform.ConclusionProfessional AN- and NMT-sampling are of equivalent accuracy for an Ag-RDT in ambulatory symptomatic adults. Participants were able to reliably perform the NMT-sampling themselves, following written and illustrated instructions. Nasal self-sampling will likely facilitate scaling of SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing.
SARS-CoV2- infection as a trigger of humoral response against apolipoprotein A-1
Authors: Pagano Sabrina , Yerly Sabine , Meyer Benjamin , Juillard Catherine , Suh Noémie , Terrier Christophe Le , Daguer Jean-Pierre , Farrera-Soler Lluc , Barluenga Sofia , Piumatti Giovanni , Hartley Oliver , Lemaitre Barbara , Eberhardt Christiane S. , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Eckerle Isabella , Stringhini Silvia , Guessous Idris , Kaiser Laurent , Pugin Jerome , Winssinger Nicolas , Vuilleumier Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAimsUnravelling autoimmune targets triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide crucial insights in the physiopathology of the disease and foster the development of potential therapeutic candidate targets and prognostic tools. We aimed at determining i) the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 humoral response, ii) their relationship to prognosis, and iii) the degree of linear homology between SARS-CoV-2, apoA-1, and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) epitopes.Methods and ResultsImmunoreactivity against different engineered peptides as well as cytokines were assessed by immunoassays, on a case-control (n=101), an intensive care unit (ICU; n=126) with a 28-days follow-up, and a general population cohort (n=663) with available samples in the pre and post-pandemic period. Using bioinformatics modelling a linear sequence homologies between apoA-1, TLR2, and Spike epitopes were identified. Overall, anti-apoA-1IgG levels were higher in COVID-19 patients or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals than in healthy donors or anti-SARS-CoV-2 seronegative individuals (p<0.0001). Significant and similar associations were noted between anti-apoA-1, anti-SARS-CoV-2IgG, cytokines, and lipid profile. In ICU patients, anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-apoA-1 seroconversion rates displayed similar 7-days kinetics, reaching 82% for anti-apoA-1 seropositivity. C-statistics (CS) indicated that anti-Spike/TLR2 mimic-peptide IgGs displayed a significant prognostic accuracy for overall mortality at 28 days (CS: 0.64; p=0.02). In the general population, SARS-CoV-2 exposure increased baseline anti-apoA-1 IgG levels.ConclusionCOVID-19 induces a marked humoral response against the major protein of high-density lipoproteins. As a correlate of poorer prognosis in other clinical settings, such autoimmunity signatures may relate to long-term COVID-19 prognosis assessment and warrant further scrutiny in the current COVID-19 pandemic.