bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation Modulates Tropical Cyclone Days on the Interannual Timescale in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Scoccimarro Enrico , Villarini Gabriele , Gualdi Silvio , Navarra Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe North Pacific Ocean is the most active region on our planet in terms of tropical cyclone (TC) activity. These storms are responsible for numerous fatalities and economic damages, affecting the livelihood of those living in the impacted areas. Historically the examination of TCs in the North Pacific Ocean has been performed separately for its two main sub‐basins: the West North Pacific and the East North Pacific. Here, we consider the TC activity in the North Pacific as a single basin and examine the climate processes responsible for its number of TC days. We show that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation modulates the number of TC days in the North Pacific Ocean through its connection to the sea surface temperature. The insights from this work will advance the understanding of the climate processes responsible for these storms, and will provide valuable information toward our preparation and adaptation efforts on long timescales.
Molecular landscape and prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD insertion site in acute myeloid leukemia: RATIFY study results
Authors: Rücker Frank G. , Du Ling , Luck Tamara J. , Benner Axel , Krzykalla Julia , Gathmann Insa , Voso Maria Teresa , Amadori Sergio , Prior Thomas W. , Brandwein Joseph M. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Tallman Martin S. , Savoie Lynn , Sierra Jorge , Pallaud Celine , Sanz Miguel A. , Jansen Joop H. , Niederwieser Dietger , Fischer Thomas , Ehninger Gerhard , Heuser Michael , Ganser Arnold , Bullinger Lars , Larson Richard A. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Stone Richard M. , Döhner Hartmut , Thiede Christian , Döhner Konstanze 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML) internal tandem duplications of theFLT3gene (FLT3-ITD) are associated with poor prognosis. Retrospectively, we investigated the prognostic and predictive impact ofFLT3-ITD insertion site (IS) in 452 patients randomized within the RATIFY trial, which evaluated midostaurin additionally to intensive chemotherapy. Next-generation sequencing identified 908 ITDs, with 643 IS in the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) and 265 IS in the tyrosine kinase domain-1 (TKD1). According to IS, patients were categorized as JMDsole (n = 251, 55%), JMD and TKD1 (JMD/TKD1;n = 117, 26%), and TKD1sole (n = 84, 19%). While clinical variables did not differ among the 3 groups,NPM1mutation was correlated with JMDsole (P = 0.028). Overall survival (OS) differed significantly, with estimated 4-year OS probabilities of 0.44, 0.50, and 0.30 for JMDsole, JMD/TKD1, and TKD1sole, respectively (P = 0.032). Multivariate (cause-specific) Cox models for OS and cumulative incidence of relapse using allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in first complete remission as a time-dependent variable identified TKD1sole as unfavorable and HCT as favorable factors. In addition, Midostaurin exerted a significant benefit only for JMDsole. Our results confirm the distinct molecular heterogeneity ofFLT3-ITD and the negative prognostic impact of TKD1 IS in AML that was not overcome by midostaurin.
High-order replica bands in monolayer FeSe/SrTiO3 revealed by polarization-dependent photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Chong , Day Ryan P. , Li Fengmiao , Roemer Ryan L. , Zhdanovich Sergey , Gorovikov Sergey , Pedersen Tor M. , Jiang Juan , Lee Sangjae , Schneider Michael , Wong Doug , Dosanjh Pinder , Walker Frederick J. , Ahn Charles H. , Levy Giorgio , Damascelli Andrea , Sawatzky George A. , Zou Ke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of the enhanced superconductivity in monolayer FeSe/SrTiO3 has been enthusiastically studied and debated over the past decade. One specific observation has been taken to be of central importance: the replica bands in the photoemission spectrum. Although suggestive of electron-phonon interaction in the material, the essence of these spectroscopic features remains highly controversial. In this work, we conduct angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on monolayer FeSe/SrTiO3 using linearly polarized photons. This configuration enables unambiguous characterization of the valence electronic structure with a suppression of the spectral background. We consistently observe high-order replica bands derived from various Fe 3d bands, similar to those observed on bare SrTiO3. The intensity of the replica bands is unexpectedly high and different between dxy and dyz bands. Our results provide new insights on the electronic structure of this high-temperature superconductor and the physical origin of the photoemission replica bands.
A plug-and-play platform of ratiometric bioluminescent sensors for homogeneous immunoassays
Authors: Ni Yan , Rosier Bas J. H. M. , van Aalen Eva A. , Hanckmann Eva T. L. , Biewenga Lieuwe , Pistikou Anna-Maria Makri , Timmermans Bart , Vu Chris , Roos Sophie , Arts Remco , Li Wentao , de Greef Tom F. A. , van Borren Marcel M. G. J. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Bosch Berend-Jan , Merkx Maarten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous immunoassays such as ELISA have become indispensable in modern bioanalysis, yet translation into point-of-care assays is hindered by their dependence on external calibration and multiple washing and incubation steps. Here, we introduce RAPPID (Ratiometric Plug-and-Play Immunodiagnostics), a mix-and-measure homogeneous immunoassay platform that combines highly specific antibody-based detection with a ratiometric bioluminescent readout. The concept entails analyte-induced complementation of split NanoLuc luciferase fragments, photoconjugated to an antibody sandwich pair via protein G adapters. Introduction of a calibrator luciferase provides a robust ratiometric signal that allows direct in-sample calibration and quantitative measurements in complex media such as blood plasma. We developed RAPPID sensors that allow low-picomolar detection of several protein biomarkers, anti-drug antibodies, therapeutic antibodies, and both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. With its easy-to-implement standardized workflow, RAPPID provides an attractive, fast, and low-cost alternative to traditional immunoassays, in an academic setting, in clinical laboratories, and for point-of-care applications.
Opposing effects of selectivity and invariance in peripheral vision
Authors: Ziemba Corey M. , Simoncelli Eero P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSensory processing necessitates discarding some information in service of preserving and reformatting more behaviorally relevant information. Sensory neurons seem to achieve this by responding selectively to particular combinations of features in their inputs, while averaging over or ignoring irrelevant combinations. Here, we expose the perceptual implications of this tradeoff between selectivity and invariance, using stimuli and tasks that explicitly reveal their opposing effects on discrimination performance. We generate texture stimuli with statistics derived from natural photographs, and ask observers to perform two different tasks: Discrimination between images drawn from families with different statistics, and discrimination between image samples with identical statistics. For both tasks, the performance of an ideal observer improves with stimulus size. In contrast, humans become better at family discrimination but worse at sample discrimination. We demonstrate through simulations that these behaviors arise naturally in an observer model that relies on a common set of physiologically plausible local statistical measurements for both tasks.
Synergy of ferroelectric polarization and oxygen vacancy to promote CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Yu Hongjian , Chen Fang , Li Xiaowei , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Qiuyu , Su Shaoqiang , Wang Keyang , Mao Enyang , Mei Bastian , Mul Guido , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Yihe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar-light driven CO2reduction into value-added chemicals and fuels emerges as a significant approach for CO2conversion. However, inefficient electron-hole separation and the complex multi-electrons transfer processes hamper the efficiency of CO2photoreduction. Herein, we prepare ferroelectric Bi3TiNbO9nanosheets and employ corona poling to strengthen their ferroelectric polarization to facilitate the bulk charge separation within Bi3TiNbO9nanosheets. Furthermore, surface oxygen vacancies are introduced to extend the photo-absorption of the synthesized materials and also to promote the adsorption and activation of CO2molecules on the catalysts’ surface. More importantly, the oxygen vacancies exert a pinning effect on ferroelectric domains that enables Bi3TiNbO9nanosheets to maintain superb ferroelectric polarization, tackling above-mentioned key challenges in photocatalytic CO2reduction. This work highlights the importance of ferroelectric properties and controlled surface defect engineering, and emphasizes the key roles of tuning bulk and surface properties in enhancing the CO2photoreduction performance.
Changes in expression of PD-L1 on peripheral T cells in patients with melanoma and lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors
Authors: Dart Sarah J. , Cook Alistair M. , Millward Michael J. , McDonnell Alison M. , Chin Wee L. , Hakeem Muhammad U. , Meniawy Tarek M. , Bowyer Samantha E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvances in cancer immunology have increased the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice, however not all patients respond, and treatment can have severe side-effects. Blood-based immunological biomarkers are an attractive method for predicting which patients will respond to therapy, however, reliable biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade are lacking. This study aimed to identify patients before or early in treatment who would best respond to PD-1 inhibitors. We hypothesised that higher baseline PD-L1 and/or PD-1 on peripheral blood T cells could predict radiological response to PD-1 inhibitors. This pilot prospective cohort study assessed 26 patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer, treated with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or nivolumab/ipilimumab combined. Response was assessed by RECIST 1.1. Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected at baseline, after one cycle, 10 weeks and at discontinuation of therapy were analysed by flow cytometry. Patients with a higher proportion of PD-L1+ T cells at baseline had improved objective response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and patients with a lower proportion of regulatory T cells at baseline experienced more immune-related adverse events. These findings may prove useful to assist in clinical decision making. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to validate these findings.
Control system research in wave compensation based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Tang Gang , Lu Peng , Hu Xiong , Men Shaoyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the offshore wave compensation control system, its controller setting will directly affect the platform's compensation effect. In order to study the wave compensation control system and optimization strategy, we build and simulate the wave compensation control model by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the controller's control parameters and compare the results with other intelligent algorithms. Then we compare the response errors of the wave compensation platform under different PID controllers; and compare the particle swarm algorithm's response results and the genetic algorithm to the system controller optimization. The results show that the particle swarm algorithm is 63.94% lower than the genetic algorithm overshoot, and the peak time is 0.26 s lower, the adjustment time is 1.4 s lower than the genetic algorithm. It shows that the control effect of the wave compensation control system has a great relationship with the controller's parameter selection. Meanwhile, the particle swarm optimization algorithm's optimization can set the wave compensation PID control system, and it has the optimization effect of small overshoot and fast response time. This paper proposes the application of the particle swarm algorithm to the wave compensation system. It verifies the superiority of the method after application, and provides a new research reference for the subsequent research on the wave compensation control systems.
Feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic irreversible electroporation for the upper gastrointestinal tract: an experimental animal study
Authors: Jeon Han Jo , Choi Hyuk Soon , Keum Bora , Bang Eun Joo , Lee Kang Won , Kim Sang Hyun , Yim Sun Young , Lee Jae Min , Kim Eun Sun , Seo Yeon Seok , Jeen Yoon Tae , Lee Hong Sik , Chun Hoon Jai , Kim Hong Bae , Kim Jong Hyuk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a local non-thermal ablative technique currently used to treat solid tumors. Here, we investigated the clinical potency and safety of IRE with an endoscope in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Pigs were electroporated with recently designed endoscopic IRE catheters in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Two successive strategies were introduced to optimize the electrical energy for the digestive tract. First, each organ was electroporated and the energy upscaled to confirm the upper limit energy inducing improper tissue results, including bleeding and perforation. Excluding the unacceptable energy from the first step, consecutive electroporations were performed with stepwise reductions in energy to identify the energy that damaged each layer. Inceptive research into inappropriate electrical intensity contributed to extensive hemorrhage and bowel perforation for each tissue above a certain energy threshold. However, experiments performed below the precluded energy accompanying hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays showed that damaged mucosal area and depth significantly decreased with decreased energy. Relevant histopathology showed infiltration of inflammatory cells with pyknotic nuclei at the electroporated lesion. This investigation demonstrated the possibility of endoscopic IRE in mucosal dysplasia or early malignant tumors of the hollow viscus.
Age-related differences in strategic competition
Authors: Horn Sebastian S. , Avrahami Judith , Kareev Yaakov , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how people of different ages decide in competition is a question of theoretical and practical importance. Using an experimental laboratory approach, this research investigates the ability of younger and older adults to think and act strategically with equal or unequal resources. In zero-sum games of resource allocation, younger adults (19–35 years) and older adults (65–81 years) made strategic decisions in competition against opponents of a similar age (Study 1; N = 120) or different age (Study 2; N = 120). The findings highlight people’s ability to make good interpersonal decisions in complex scenarios: Both younger and older adults were aware of their relative strength (in terms of material resources) and allocated their resources adaptively. When competing against opponents of a similar age, people’s gains were in line with game-theoretic predictions. However, younger adults made superior strategic allocations and won more frequently when competing against older adults. Measures of fluid cognitive and numerical abilities correlated with strategic behavior in interpersonal competition.
Process intensification of the ionoSolv pretreatment: effects of biomass loading, particle size and scale-up from 10 mL to 1 L
Authors: Chambon Clementine L. , Verdía Pedro , Fennell Paul S. , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ionoSolv process is one of the most promising technologies for biomass pretreatment in a biorefinery context. In order to evaluate the transition of the ionoSolv pretreatment of biomass from bench-scale experiments to commercial scale, there is a need to get better insight in process intensification. In this work, the effects of biomass loading, particle size, pulp washing protocols and 100-fold scale up for the pretreatment of the grassy biomassMiscanthus giganteuswith the IL triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], are presented as a necessary step in that direction. At the bench scale, increasing biomass loading from 10 to 50 wt% reduced glucose yields from 68 to 23% due to re-precipitation of lignin onto the pulp surface. Omitting the pulp air-drying step maintained saccharification yields at 66% at 50 wt% loading due to reduced fiber hornification. 100-fold scale-up (from 10 mL to 1 L) improved the efficacy of ionoSolv pretreatment and increasing loadings from 10 to 20 wt% reduced lignin reprecipitation and led to higher glucose yields due to the improved heat and mass transfer caused by efficient slurry mixing in the reactor. Pretreatment of particle sizes of 1–3 mm was more effective than fine powders (0.18–0.85 mm) giving higher glucose yields due to reduced surface area available for lignin re-precipitation while reducing grinding energy needs. Stirred ionoSolv pretreatment showed great potential for industrialization and further process intensification after optimization of the pretreatment conditions (temperature, residence time, stirring speed), particle size and biomass loading. Pulp washing protocols need further improvement to reduce the incidence of lignin precipitation and the water requirements of lignin washing.
Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Walls Rachel H. L. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe loss of biodiversity is increasingly well understood on land, but trajectories of extinction risk remain largely unknown in the ocean. We present regional Red List Indices (RLIs) to track the extinction risk of 119 Northeast Atlantic and 72 Mediterranean shark and ray species primarily threatened by overfishing. We combine two IUCN workshop assessments from 2003/2005 and 2015 with a retrospective backcast assessment for 1980. We incorporate predicted categorisations for Data Deficient species from our previously published research. The percentage of threatened species rose from 1980 to 2015 from 29 to 41% (Northeast Atlantic) and 47 to 65% (Mediterranean Sea). There are as many threatened sharks and rays in Europe as there are threatened birds, but the threat level is nearly six times greater by percentage (41%, n = 56 of 136 vs. 7%, n = 56 of 792). The Northeast Atlantic RLI declined by 8% from 1980 to 2015, while the higher-risk Mediterranean RLI declined by 13%. Larger-bodied, shallow-distributed, slow-growing species and those with range boundaries within the region are more likely to have worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic. Conversely, long-established, severe threat levels obscure any potential relationships between species’ traits and the likelihood of worsening IUCN status in the Mediterranean Sea. These regional RLIs provide the first widespread evidence for increasing trends in regional shark and ray extinction risk and underscore that effective fisheries management is necessary to recover the ecosystem function of these predators.
Characterizing chloroplast genomes and inferring maternal divergence of the Triticum–Aegilops complex
Authors: Fu Yong-Bi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTheTriticum(wheat)–Aegilops(goatgrass) complex has been extensively studied, but the evolutionary history of polyploid wheats has not been fully elucidated. The chloroplast (cp) with maternal inheritance and homoplasy can simplify the sequence-based evolutionary inferences, but informative inferences would require a complete and accurate cp genome sequence. In this study, 16 cp genomes representing fiveAegilopsand 11Triticumspecies and subspecies were sequenced, assembled and annotated, yielding five novel circular cp genome sequences. Analyzing the assembled cp genomes revealed no marked differences in genome structure and gene arrangement across the assayed species. A polymorphism analysis of 72 published cp genome sequences representing 10Aegilopsand 15Triticumspecies and subspecies detected 1183 SNPs and 1881 SSRs. More than 80% SNPs detected resided on the downstream and upstream gene regions and only 2.78% or less SNPs were predicted to be deleterious. The largest nucleotide diversity was observed in the short single-copy genomic region. Relatively weak selection pressure on cp coding genes was detected. Different phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the maternal divergence of theTriticum–Aegilopscomplex had three deep lineages each representing a diploid species with nuclear A, B, or D genome. Dating the maternal divergence yielded age estimates of divergence that matched well with those reported previously. The divergence between emmer and bread wheats occurred at 8200–11,200 years ago. These findings are useful for further genomic studies, provide insight into cp genome evolvability and allow for better understanding of the maternal divergence of theTriticum–Aegilopscomplex.
A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples
Authors: Sancilio Amelia E. , D’Aquila Richard T. , McNally Elizabeth M. , Velez Matthew P. , Ison Michael G. , Demonbreun Alexis R. , McDade Thomas W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction to prevent infection. Widespread application of this important marker of protective immunity is limited by logistical and technical challenges associated with live virus methods and venous blood collection. To address this gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization of the spike-ACE2 interaction in a single drop of capillary whole blood, collected on filter paper as a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. Samples are eluted overnight and incubated in the presence of spike antigen and ACE2 in a 96-well solid phase plate. Competitive immunoassay with electrochemiluminescent label is used to quantify neutralizing activity. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: dilution series of confirmed positive and negative samples, agreement with results from matched DBS-serum samples, analysis of results from DBS samples with known COVID-19 status, and precision (intra-assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV) and reliability (inter-assay; %CV). Dilution series produced the expected pattern of dose–response. Agreement between results from serum and DBS samples was high, with concordance correlation = 0.991. Analysis of three control samples across the measurement range indicated acceptable levels of precision and reliability. Median % surrogate neutralization was 46.9 for PCR confirmed convalescent COVID-19 samples and 0.1 for negative samples. Large-scale testing is important for quantifying neutralizing antibodies that can provide protection against COVID-19 in order to estimate the level of immunity in the general population. DBS provides a minimally-invasive, low cost alternative to venous blood collection, and this scalable immunoassay-based method for quantifying inhibition of the spike-ACE2 interaction can be used as a surrogate for virus-based assays to expand testing across a wide range of settings and populations.