bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of active system operation optimization in office buildings
Authors: Ganjali Bonjar Mohammad Reza , Baranyai Bálint , Horváth Kristóf Roland , Kistelegdi István 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a solution for optimizing the operation of the Szentágothai Research Center. This building has several different functions at a high degree, so it can represent most of the difficulties in achieving an ideal level of operation energy consumption while assuring an adequate comfort level.As a first stage of a generic office building optimization research, a monitored reference building of common type was chosen. Various active operation optimization experiments were carried out. The successive reduction of operation intensity and schedules resulted in 63.3% operation energy savings. The results provide considerable potential in generic office design applications.
Community gardens: contribution to food safety and social inclusion
Authors: Santos Lucas Sales dos , Régis Milena de Moura , Nascimento Ana Paula Branco do 
Published: April 2021

Sustainability in large-scale food production is one of humanity's greatest contemporary challenges. Today’s society is totally dependent on agricultural fields. In face of the increasing environmental and food crisis in the world, it is necessary to improve ways of promote sustainable agriculture. Conventional agriculture has proved to be predatory to the environment and maleficent to human health due to the intensive use of agrochemicals, and also inefficient to supply with quality and safety the whole urban population. Therefore, urban agroecology has become a tendency. The study presented here investigated a community garden of the West Zone of São Paulo City, organically grown in the Previdência Municipal Park, which is an intensely urbanized area. Observations were carried out in loco, plus interviews with the responsible for the community garden, and compilation of relevant literature, focusing on the importance of horticulture, practical difficulties in the community involved in the project, benefits to society, and the role in urban sustainability. Horticulturists’ social aspects, involvement of the regulars, and adopted cultivation techniques were also investigated. The challenges of urban agriculture projects reported in the literature were identified, so as to define the best cultivation strategies to be adopted in the community garden. The main results pointed to benefits to food and nutrition safety, interpersonal involvement, and environmental education; the main challenges consist of social leaderships, technical-scientific knowledge regarding productivity of organic cultivars, and planning aiming the continuity of the projects. Relevant benefits can be obtained from the implementation of urban garden projects, contemplating some of the Objectives of Sustainable Development that are related not only to sustainable agriculture, but also to the sustainability of cities and communities. KEYWORDS: Urban Agriculture. Food Safety. Urban Parks. Sustainability.
Pengelolaan Perikanan Skala Kecil di Perairan Pesisir Kota Semarang
Authors: Malik Jamaludin , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Taryono Taryono 
Published: April 2021

Overfishing can occur in open access fisheries, where fishermen conduct fishing activities without restrictions. Fisheries management based on biological factors alone (Maximum Sustainable Yield approach) is considered inadequate because it does not consider socio-economic aspects in fisheries management. The study aims to analyze the utilization of small-scale fishery resources in Semarang City and determine its policies to be sustainable. Bioeconomic analysis was used to optimize the utilization of fishery resources. Small-scale fisheries management strategic policies, used analysis of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The results showed utilization of small scale fishery resources in Semarang City can be achieved with optimal production of anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) 1,477.79 tons/year and optimal effort of 324 units; optimal production of Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) 235.96 tons/year and optimal effort of 516 units; optimal production of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) 28.51 tons/year and optimal effort of 479 units; and optimal production of Petek (Leiognathus sp.) 25.54 tons/year and optimal effort of 847 units. In conclusion, the Anchovy (Stolephorus spp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2007-2008; Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) resources overfishing occurred from 2009-2015; and Petek (Leiognathus sp.) resources have experienced overfishing since 2014-2016; while Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) resources have not experienced overfishing because they are not the main target. The key sub-elements of small-scale fisheries management in Semarang City include: a) fishermen; b) Semarang City Fisheries Agency; c) overcapacity; d) decreasing catches; e) environmentally unfriendly arrests; f) ineffective regulation; g) conservation fish resources; h) increasing fishermen's income; i) limitation environmentally unfriendly fishing gear.
Keywords: bioeconomic, fisheries, management, MEY, Maximum Sustainable Yield
Identifikasi Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Karakteristik Hidrologi DAS Citarum Hulu
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad Yahya , Hidayat Yayat , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo 
Published: April 2021

The Citarum watershed is one of the priority watersheds due to problems of critical land, flooding, erosion, and sedimentation which continue to increase every year. As the main catchment area that contributes to maintaining the availability of water resources, the upstream Citarum watershed continues to experience a reduction in forest and an increase in built-up land. A research aimed to analyze land use changes to the hydrological characteristics was carried out at the Watershed. The methods used include interpretation of SPOT image data, analysis of land use changes, and determining the values of KRA and KAT. The results of the analysis of land use change conditions in 2009-2018 saw a reduction in forest area (-5.5%), rice fields (-17.4%), and shrubs (-60.8%). Land use increased in built up land (39.7%), dry land agriculture (13%), plantations (6.4%), and open land (95.5%). The highest discharge occurred in 2010 at 606,3 m3/second and the lowest discharge in 2012 was 4,3 m3/second. The KRA and KAT values of the Upper Citarum watershed were moderate and very high. The multiple linear regression model of the relationship between land use changes that affect river flow fluctuations is Y = 2380.5 + 0.9 rainfall -206.5 forest + 6.1 build-up area -31.8 dryland agriculture + e. Other factors that influence the increase in river discharge are the slope of land slopes, rainfall patterns, and inadequate land use methods.
Keywords: hydrological characteristics, landuse change, Upper Citarum watershed
The Peranan Pergerakan Air Dalam-Tanah dalam Menurunkan Aliran Permukaan
Authors: Wahjunie Enni Dwi , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo , Tarigan Suria Darma 
Published: April 2021

The main cause of flooding and erosion that creates critical land in various regions in Indonesia is surface runoff. The surface runoff will occur if rainfall exceeds the capacity of soil water absorption (infiltration capacity). The soil management of each land use could improve the infiltration capacity. The water movement both on the surface and in the soil determines the water infiltration. This study predicts surface runoff based on the infiltration rate of various land uses and rainfall in the Ciliwung Watershed. A series of studies were performed in the upstream and middle areas of the watershed. Observations of soil properties, water movement, and rainfall were carried out in various dry land uses. The results showed that the soil's physical properties mostly determine the constant infiltration rate, which affected the water movement in the ground. The initial water content, the degree of saturation of the initial moisture content, and the soil's physical properties determine the time of constant infiltration rate. The value of constant rate infiltration and the time of its achievement define the amount of surface runoff that occurs.
Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, run off, soil management, time achievement of infiltration capacity
CALÇADOS E “VESTUÁRIO DECENTE E SIMPLES” COMO CONDIÇÃO PARA INSTRUÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: uma análise sobre a obrigatoriedade escolar no Maranhão
Authors: Cruz Mariléia Santos 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo aborda a desigualdade escolar favorecida pela permanência, nas leis e regulamentos da instrução pública do Maranhão, de critérios impeditivos da admissão escolar de crianças pobres sem condições de vestir roupas e calçados adequados para os padrões estabelecidos. Comparam-se medidas legais voltadas para a efetivação da obrigatoriedade escolar no período Imperial e nas primeiras três décadas da República. Analisam-se dispositivos voltados para isenção da obrigatoriedade escolar, demonstrando uma relação de exclusão social que relacionava riqueza ao direito de escolarização. Neste trabalho foram analisadas legislações da educação maranhense e jornais do período.Palavras-chave: Ensino compulsório; Crianças pobres; Séculos XIX e XX.FOOTWEAR AND “SIMPLE DECENT CLOTHING” AS A CONDITION FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION: an analysis on school compulsory in MaranhãoAbstractThis article addresses the inequality favored by the permanence, in the laws and regulations of the public education of Maranhão, of criteria that prevent the admission of poor children without conditions to wear clothes and shoes adequate to the established standards. Legal measures aimed at enforcing school compulsory in the Imperial period and in the first three decades of the Republic are compared. Devices focused on exemption from compulsory schooling are analysed, demonstrating a relationship of social exclusion that related wealth to the right to schooling. In this work were analysed legislation of the state of Maranhão and newspapers of the period.Keywords: Compulsory teaching; Poor children; 9th and 20th centuries.CALZADO Y "ROPA DECENTE Y SENCILLA" COMO CONDICIÓN PARA LA EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA: un análisis sobre la obligación escolar en MaranhãoResumenEste artículo aborda la desigualdad escolar favorecida por la permanencia, en las leyes y reglamentos de la educación pública en Maranhão, de criterios que impiden la admisión escolar de niños pobres sin condiciones para llevar ropa y calzado adecuados para las normas establecidas. Las medidas legales encaminadas a la aplicación de la escuela obligatoria se comparan en el período imperial y en las tres primeras décadas de la República. Se analizan los dispositivos destinados a la exención de las obligaciones escolares, lo que demuestra una relación de exclusión social que relacionaba la riqueza con el derecho de escolarización. En este trabajo, se analizó la legislación de la educación de Maranhão y los periódicos de la época.Palabras clave: Enseñanza obligatoria; Niños pobres; Siglos XIX y XX.
Gamification in EFL classroom to support teaching and learning in 21st century
Authors: Redjeki Indah Sri , Muhajir R. 
Published: April 2021

In the 21st century, the use of games becomes a trend within adults and youngsters and has recently obtained a massive notice of academics, educators, and practitioners. Gamification is a term used in learning with games that can be used to improve English since it reflects an innovative and captivating learning activity. Several studies on gamification show that it can make students feel more excited and motivated during their effort to elevate their English language skills. In this research, one medium of gamification called Duolingo was explored in grammar learning activities for the second-year students in the subject of “Grammar for Written Discourse”. They used Duolingo from their smartphones to support their grammar learning. This research employed an action research design in which observations, questionnaires, and documentation were used to collect the data. By the end of the result, it can be concluded that Duolingo is a medium that can be effectively used to implement gamification in language learning. It is also confirmed that students gave positive attitudes and results in the implementation of Duolingo in grammar lesson. The results of the research can be used as a reference in facilitating the students with innovative and captivating English learning.
HIGHLIGHTS:

Duolingo provides some language skills that students can improve: grammar, writing, translating, listening, and pronunciation.
However, all respondents assumed that the application was more suitable for grammar since Duolingo gives the right answers and repetitions for the wrong answers.
Duolingo understands Indonesian words and automatically correct the wrong words.
Association of Preoperative Cone Biopsy With Recurrences After Radical Hysterectomy
Authors: Klapdor Rüdiger , Hertel Hermann , Delebinski Laura , Hillemanns Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate association of preoperative cone biopsy with the probability of recurrent disease after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer.MethodsThis is a retrospective single-center study. Patients with cervical cancer stage IA1 with LVSI to IIA2 and squamous, adenosquamous and adenocarcinoma subtype were included. Patients were analyzed for general characteristics and recurrence-free survival (RFS). ResultsIn total, of 480 patients with cervical cancer 183 patients met the inclusion criteria (117 with laparoscopic and 66 with open surgery). The median tumor diameter was 25.0 mm (range 4.6-70.0 mm) with 66 (36.2%) patients having tumors smaller than 2 cm. During median follow-up of 54.0 months (range 0-166.0 months) the RFS for the laparoscopic cohort was 93.2% and 87.5% at 3 and 4.5 years, and 79.3% for the open cohort after 3 and 4.5 years, respectively. In total, 17 (9.3%) patients developed recurrent disease, 9 (7.3%) after laparoscopic, and 8 (12.1%) after open surgery. No preoperative cone biopsy (OR 9.60, 95%CI 2.14-43.09) as well as tumor diameter >2cm (OR 5.39, 95%CI 1.20-24.25) were significantly associated with increased risk for recurrence. In multivariate analysis only missing preoperative cone biopsy was significantly associated with increased risk for recurrence (OR 5.90, 95% CI 1.11-31.29)ConclusionThere appears to be a subgroup of patients (preoperative cone biopsy, tumor diameter <2cm) with excellent survival and low risk for recurrence after radical hysterectomy which might benefit from the advantages of laparoscopic surgery.
Qigesan Reduced the Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Inhibiting TGF-β1 Pathway
Authors: Shang Yin-wan , Zhu Rui , Meng Dan-hua , Wu Ying-shuo , Chen Xing , Zhou Zhe-xu , WU Yao-song , Ren Shan-shan , Chen Yu -long , Yang Lian-he 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study aim to investigate the mechanism of Qigesan (QGS) on migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. Methods: First, we detected the cells in the normal group and the QGS group using microarray, and analyzed the ontology function and signaling pathway of target genes, and screened out TGF-β as one of the important targets of QGS. The subsequent verification experiments were divided into four groups: control group, model group (TGF-β1 stimulation group), QGS group (TGF-β1+QGS group) and positive control group (TGF-β1+TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor group). The migration and invasion abilities, as well as the expressions of related proteins and mRNA of each experimental group were detected. The migration and invasion ability of cells were detected by cell scratch test, and the Gene expression levels of E-cadherin, Vimentin, Smad2 and Smad7 mRNA in TGF-β1/Smad pathway were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3 and Smad7 were detected by WB. Results: The results showed that TE-1 cells were reversed from fibroblast induced by TGF-β1 to epithelial cells after being treated QGS with the concentration of 20ug/mL for 36 h. Besides, QGS inhibited the migration and invasion of TE-1 cells and down-regulated the Gene and protein expression of Vimentin, Smad2 mRNA and Vimentin, p-Smad2/3 and Smad2/3. Meanwhile, The gene and protein overexpression E-cadherin and Smad7 was observed in QGS-treated cells. Conclusions: Together, these data indicated that QGS interfered with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of TE-1 cells and reduced the migration and invasion of TE-1 cells via regulating TGF-β pathway, which maybe provided idea for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
CuO-Decorated ZnO Nanotube-based Sensor for Detecting CO Gas: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Tohidi Somayeh , Tohidi Tavakkol , Mohammadabad Parvin Hamdi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Understanding the effect of decorating of copper oxide (CuO) on Carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption at zinc oxide nanotube is crucial for designing a high performance CO gas sensor. In this work, CO sensing properties of copper oxide-decorated zinc oxide (CuO-ZnO) nanotube is studied theoretically by employing first-principles density functional theory for the first time. The stability, adsorption mechanism, density of states, and change in electrical conductivity are studied. The results of calculating the adsorption energy show strong chemical adsorption of CO on CuO-ZnO nanotubes. The adsorption energy of CO on CuO-ZnO nanotube is calculated as 7.5 times higher than that on ZnO nanotube. The results of the Mulliken charge analysis reveal that electron transfer occurs from CO molecules to CuO-ZnO nanotubes. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of CuO-ZnO nanotubes significantly changes after adsorption of CO at room temperature. According to these studies, CuO-ZnO nanotube sensors can be used for the detection of CO gas. The results are in excellent agreement with the reported experimental results.
Modification of an Engineered Escherichia Coli by a Combinatorial Strategy to Improve 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric Acid Production
Authors: Liu Yidi , Mao Xinlei , Zhang Baoqi , Lin Jinping , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives: 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid (3,4-DHBA) is a multi-functional C4 platform compound with wide applications in the synthesis of materials and pharmaceuticals. Currently, although the biosynthetic pathway for the production of 3,4-DHBA has been developed, low productivity still hampers its use on large scales. Here, a non-natural four-steps biosynthetic pathway was established in recombinant E. coli with a combinatorial strategy.Results: Firstly, several aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) were screened and characterized for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of 3,4-dihydroxybutanal (3,4-DHB) to 3,4-DHBA through in vitro enzyme assays. Secondly, a recombinant E. coli was successfully constructed to generate 3,4-DHBA from D-xylose by introducing the pathway containing BsGDH, YagF, PpMdlC and ALDH into E. coli with 3.04 g/L 3,4-DHBA obtained. Then, disruption of competing pathways by deleting xylA, ghrA, ghrB and adhP genes contributed to increase the accumulation of 3,4-DHBA by 87%. Final, fusion expression of PpMdlC and YagF resulted in an enhancement of 3,4-DHBA titer (7.71 g/L), as the highest titer reported so far.Conclusions: These results showed that deleting competing pathways and constructing fusion protein could significantly improve the 3,4-DHBA titer in engineered E. coli.
Regional Variation of Avoidable Hospitalisations: An Observational Study
Authors: Gygli Niklaus , Zúñiga Franziska , Simon Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Primary health care is subject to regional variation, which may be due to unequal and inefficient distribution of services. One key measure of such variation are avoidable hospitalisations, i.e., hospitalisations for conditions that could have been dealt with in situ by sufficient primary health care provision. Particularly, avoidable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are a substantial and growing burden for health care systems that require targeting in health care policy. Aims Using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (SFSO) from 2017, we applied small area analysis to visualize regional variation to comprehensively map avoidable hospitalisations for five ACSCs from Swiss nursing homes, home care organisations and the general population. Methods This retrospective observational study used data on all Swiss hospitalisations in 2017 to assess regional variations of avoidable hospitalisations for angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , diabetes complications and hypertension. We used small areas (MedStat), utilisation-based hospital service areas (HSAs), and administrative districts (Cantons) as geographic zones. The outcomes of interest were age and sex standardised rates of avoidable hospitalisations for ACSCs in adults (>15years). Our inferential analyses used linear mixed models with Gaussian distribution. Results We identified 46,479 hospitalisations for ACSC, or 4.3% of all hospitalisations. Most of these occurred in the elderly population for congestive heart failure and COPD. The median rate of avoidable hospitalisation for ACSC was 1,080 (IQR 893 – 1,274) per 100.000 inhabitants. We found substantial regional variation for HSAs and administrative districts as well as disease-specific regional patterns. Conclusions Differences in continuity of care might be key drivers for regional variation of avoidable hospitalisations for ACSCs. These results provide a new perspective on the functioning of primary care structures in Switzerland and call for novel approaches in effective primary care delivery.
Effect of Alkali-Treated Birch Sawdust on the Lignocellulase Secretion and Exo-Polysaccharide Production by Inonotus Obliquus Under Submerged Fermentation and its Lignocellulose Degradation Patterns
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Lu Xiaohong , Zhao Zhezhen , Wang Mengya , Liu Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus on the production of polysaccharides and changes of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes during submerged fermentation using alkali-treated birch sawdust as substrate. Meanwhile, in order to explore the degradation mode of lignocellulose in alkali-treated birch sawdust, degradation analysis of three components of lignocellulose was carried out. The fungus process in alkali-treated birch sawdust medium resulted in a higher degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of 39.24%, 51.00% and 31.3% after 11 days of submerged fermentation by the mycelium of I. obliquus, respectively. Maximal polysaccharide production and α-glucosidase inhibition rate determined in the alkali-treated birch sawdust medium were 6.93 mg/mL and 55.80%,while they were 4.98 mg/mL and 27.89% in the control. Moreover, high activities of Laccase (51.95 IU/mL) , CMCase (1.35 IU/mL) , FPA (0.50 IU/mL) and β-glucosidase (0.55 IU/mL) were observed in alkali-treated birch sawdust medium, respectively. The results demonstrated that the addition of alkali-treated birch sawdust could promote the yield of active polysaccharides and induce the production of cellulase and xylanase, indicating that alkali pretreatment was conducive to utilization of birch sawdust by I. obliquus.