bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in Higher Order Model Extensions of Basic Spatial Regression Methodology
Authors: LeSage James P. , Pace Robert Kelley 
Published: March 2021

Spatial regression methodology has been around for most of the 50 years (1961-2011) that the Southern Regional Science Association has been in existence. Cliff and Ord (1969) devised a parsimonious specification for the structure of spatial dependence among observations that could be used to empirically model spatial interdependence. Later work (Cliff and Ord, 1973, 1981; Ord, 1975) further developed these ideas into basic spatial regression models, which were popularized and augmented by Anselin (1988). We discuss several issues that have arisen in recent work that attempts to extend basic models of spatial interdependence to include more types of spatial and non-spatial interdependencies. Understanding these issues should help future work avoid several pitfalls that plague current and past attempts at extensions along these lines.
Determinants of Innovative Versus Non-Innovative Entrepreneurs in Three Southern States
Authors: Gallardo Roberto , Scammahorn Roseanne 
Published: March 2021

Entrepreneurship is becoming an important economic development strategy for communities across the nation. This research distinguishes between innovative and non-innovative entrepreneurs as well as “traditional” entrepreneurs—percent nonfarm proprietors of total employed—across counties in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Three sets of predictor variables were used to better understand the determinants of these entrepreneurs: demographic/location, infrastructure, and socioeconomic. Results indicate that innovative entrepreneurs are more sensitive to highway proximity and rurality while non-innovative are more sensitive to educational attainment, creative class, and access to broadband. Important differences surface comparing innovative versus non-innovative versus nonfarm proprietors.
What Drives Intra-county Migration: The Impact of Local Fiscal Factors on Tiebout Sorting
Authors: Grassmueck Georg 
Published: March 2021

This study adds to the abundant and rich literature on the Tiebout-sorting hypothesis by investigating the motivation for intra-county migration within a state, the move from one municipality to another municipality within the same county. Using the data available from the Census on intra-county migration and demographic characteristics, as well as the Census of Government on local government expenditures, this study employs a difference model to test which local public services and products, in combination with taxes and demographic characteristics, encourage intra-county moves. Ultimately, this study presents a test to determine whether people at the local level are attracted to or repelled by higher spending and taxes. Results indicate that intra-county movers are attracted to local government units with both higher adjusted property taxes and higher government expenditures for certain local public goods and services. The results do not support the notion of the destructive force of competition among local government units resulting in the inability to levy local taxes to fund public goods and services.
Green Taxes in a Federal Context: An Empirical Model for Industrial Waste in Spain
Authors: Vallés - Giménez Jaime , Zárate - Marco Anabel , Trueba - Cortés Carmen 
Published: March 2021

This paper reveals that the design of the green taxes levied on the production of industrial waste by certain regional governments in Spain does not appear to reduce environmental damage. This may be because these taxes try to mitigate financial shortfalls, tax rates are too low and are fixed arbitrarily, and agents react to tax differentials across regions by disposing of their waste in regions with lower or null tax rates or illegally dumping it. This suggests that the environmental issues related to the disposal of industrial waste should be supervised by the national government or somehow coordinated across regions.
Core-Periphery Market Failure in the Location of Economic Activity
Authors: Malul Miki , Bar-El Raphael 
Published: March 2021

Using a simplified theoretical model, we illustrate the potential existence of a market failure in the location of economic activity, which could lead to an exaggerated concentration in the core region. Based on this, we analyze whether a public policy intervention of decreasing the mobility costs of production factors could lead to the elimination of, or at least a decrease in, the consequences of a market failure. We show that the market failure can be eliminated only when the reduction in mobility costs is made concurrently with changing exogenous conditions in the peripheral regions (such as improvements in infrastructure).
Factors Affecting Hospital Choice for Rural Iowa Residents
Authors: Jintanakul Kanlaya , Otto Daniel 
Published: March 2021

This study uses Iowa Hospital Association records related to inpatient and outpatient procedures performed at rural Iowa hospitals to examine how institutional, locational, and individual characteristics affect choice of hospitals for rural residents. The rural residents most likely to bypass their local hospitals are younger people with private outpatient insurance already living a long distance from any hospital. Complex procedures and life-threatening illnesses can reduce the probability of choosing the nearest rural hospital. Rural residents also appear less likely to bypass the nearest rural hospital for outpatient services.
PySAL: A Python Library of Spatial Analytical Methods
Authors: Rey Sergio J. , Anselin Luc 
Published: March 2021

PySAL is an open source library for spatial analysis written in the object-oriented language Python. It is built upon shared functionality in two exploratory spatial data analysis packages––GeoDA and STARS––and is intended to leverage the shared development of these components. This paper presents an overview of the motivation behind and the design of PySAL, as well as suggestions for how the library can be used with other software projects. Empirical illustrations of several key components in a variety of spatial analytical problems are given, and plans for future development of PySAL are discussed.
A Multi-Method Research Strategy for Understanding Change in the Rate of Working Poor in the North Central Region of the United States
Authors: Anderson Cynthia D. , Goe W. Richard , Weng Chih-Yuan 
Published: March 2021

Spatial statistics, econometric modeling, and other quantitative research methods provide the dominant approach to conducting research in regional science. This paper contends that a deeper understanding of many regional development processes can be gained by employing mixed method research designs that combine quantitative research methods with qualitative methods. This is illustrated through an analysis of change in the working poor in the North Central region of the U.S. during the post-1990 period. The findings from this paper combined with the subsequent paper by Loveridge et al. (2007) demonstrate that deeper insight into regional development processes can be gained by using mixed method research designs compared to quantitative designs alone.
The Persistence of County High School Dropout Rates in the Rural South, 1970-2000
Authors: McGranahan David A. 
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates Smith’s (1989) thesis that county drop out rates have been self- perpetuating in the rural South, a pattern reinforced by the presence of mining and manufacturing employers with few skill demands. The results show that the associations of mining and manufacturing with high drop out rates, notable as late as 1980, have largely disappeared. But counties with high proportions of female headed families and low young adult (age 25-44) education continue to have little improvement in high schools completion. The extent of perpetuation of low education varies by state, whether due to differences education policies or economic structures.
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRUM OF DIFFERENT COLORS OF HAIR
Authors: ცხვედიანი ნ. Tskhvediani N. , ციბაძე ა. Tsibadze A. , ჩიკვაიძე ე. Chikvaidze E. , კვაჭაძე ი. Kvachadze I. , ხუციშვილი ლ. Khutsishvili L. 
Published: March 2021

In the result of interaction of the metabolic processes of the human organism and external factors free radicals are formed in tissues including hair. An objective assessment of an intensity of this process is possible by means of electronic paramagnetic resonance’s (EPR) signal and its intensity indices. The purpose of the survey was a comparative evaluation of the EPR spectrum’s specificity of black and brown hair and a study of a photo dynamic in the condition of a treating with blue light. The survey was conducted among young volunteers of age 17-21 on the base of their informed consent and with adherence of all bioethical requirements established for this type of research. No single person’s hair involved in the survey was treated with chemical dye or active, specific remedy for hair care. This article analyzes data of young men donors. All measurements were carried out at standard conditions: room temperature (22-240C), humidity - 60-70%, the measurement error - ± 5%. EPR spectrum was determined at the Department of Biophysics,TSU by means of a radio-spectrometer TSR - V. Study results have determined a uniform EPR spectrum and no difference in the intensity of the photoinduced EPR spectrum that indicates the equal concentrations of eumelanin in black and brown hair.
ANALYSIS OF METABOLITES OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS JWH-018 AND JWH-073 BY CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS-SPECTROMETRIC (LC-MS/MS)METHOD IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: ჯოხაძე მ. Jokhadze M. , თუშურაშვილი პ. Tushurashvili P. , მურთაზაშვილი თ. Murtazashvili T. , იმნაძე ნ. Imnadze N. , სივსივაძე კ. Sivsivadze K. 
Published: March 2021

A liquid chromatographic method was developed to resolve a comprehensive set of metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073. In addition to the chromatographic analysis method, an extraction method was developed to recover a broad range of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites, including carboxylic acid metabolites that are not traditionally recovered using a high pH liquid/liquid extraction. The extraction and analysis methods were used to identify and quantify the significant metabolites in urine samples. The chromatographic method detailed in this application note employed a RP-HPLC column and MS/MS detection. The quantitative range validated for all metabolites was 1 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL in urine. Based on the data, this method is suitable for quantifica- tion of metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 to support broader research studies that positively identify clinically significant metabolites and their concentrations in urine.
Transporte de oxígeno por plantas macrófitas en aguas residuales de origen acuícola
Authors: Medina Cristóbal , Tunnerman Ernesto , Coleman Eli , Fonseca Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

Las macrófitas transportan oxigeno atmosférico a la rizosfera creando un ambiente aireados para los miroorganismos que contribuyen a la disminución de la demanda biológica de oxígeno, demanda química de oxígenos y sólidos suspendido, así como en la remoción de sustancias orgánicas como nutrientes, metales pesados, fenoles, ácido fórmico, colorantes, pesticidas entre otros. Esta investigación pretende evaluar a nivel de laboratorio el mejoramiento de la calidad de aguas residuales utilizando plantas acuáticas de jacinto (Eichhornia crassipes) y lechuga de agua (Pistia stratiotes). Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: plantas con barrera, plantas sin barrera, sin plantas con barrera y sin plantas sin barreras. El análisis de varianza al contenido de oxígeno disuelto en aguas residuales mostró diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) entre especies y tratamiento. Jacinto presenta valores promedios de 2.60 a 5.08 mg l-l en un periodo de nueve días de observación, asimismo el tratamiento sin barrera muestra mayor valor en un rango de 2.7 a 4.85 mg l-l. Con lechuga de agua se observan mayores valores en el tratamiento sin barrera (2.27 a 4.81 mg l-l) y con barrera (1.24 a 1.53 mg l-l). Jacinto con barrera y sin barrera presenta valores de oxígeno disuelto transferido entre 0.46 y 0.45 mg O2 d-1 l-1 respectivamente. Jacinto sin barrera removió en aguas residuales el 20.23 % de la demanda biológica de oxígeno y con berrera el 19 % al final del noveno día de observación. El tratamiento sin plantas sin barrera removió un promedio de 63 %, de la demanda biológica de oxígeno, mientras el tratamiento sin plantas con barrera fue de 42 %. Jacinto sin barrera mostró mayor promedio de peso de biomasa seca total (6.06 g) y concentración de oxígeno disuelto (3.63 – 5.34 mg l-l) lechuga de agua sin barrera (3.20 g) y oxígeno disuelto (1.7-4.81 mg l-l).
Business Intelligence + Lean Manufacturing: uma revisão sistemática da literatura (2008-2018)
Authors: Mastrapa Lorena Hernández , Pontes de Assumpção Maria Rita , Celso de Campos Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Lean Manufacturing (LM) é uma filosofia de gestão apoiada por um grupo de técnicas que, quando combinadas e amadurecidas, reduzem o tempo e o custo de produção, maximizam o valor ao cliente e minimiza desperdícios. Para isto a tomada de decisão desempenha um papel fundamental e se torna um ponto crítico para esta filosofia de gestão. A ferramenta Business Intelligence (BI) fornece uma abordagem baseada em dados para vincular as metas estratégicas das empresas às políticas gerenciais e ações operacionais, podendo ser de ajuda para as empresas enxutas. Assim, o presente estudo pretende analisar as principais aplicações das ferramentas de BI para dar suporte à tomada de decisão às empresas que aplicam LM. Com apoio do software de revisão sistemática StArt, foi feita uma análise da literatura atual relacionada ao tema de pesquisa. A análise permitiu definir oportunidades de aplicação de BI nas empresas que, de alguma forma, utilizam o LM.
The Centenarians: An Emerging Population
Authors: M. Heshmati Hassan 
Published: March 2021

Long life is a topic of great interest in medicine and among the general public. The “successful aging” which is a high priority for individuals and societies, is aging without any disabilities and severe diseases. In several countries, the increase in life expectancy has led the very old to become the fastest growing segment of the population. Centenarians are subjects living 100 years or older. The majority of centenarians are females (female to male ratio around 3.6/1). A very small fraction of centenarians (up to 0.5%) will live 110 years or older (supercentenarians). Most centenarians have managed to avoid, postpone, or overcome the important age-related and life-threatening diseases and disabilities (e.g., ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, respiratory infection, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and dementia). Some forecasts suggest that most babies born in developed countries since 2000 will become centenarians. In 2020, the number of centenarians in the world was approximately 573,000, mainly from the United States of America (USA). This number could reach approximately 3,676,000 by 2050. In the absence of the genetic predisposition to become centenarian, there are several ways to extend longevity (e.g., lifestyle, reduction of several life-threatening diseases and disabilities, hormonal replacement or blockade, antioxidants, maintenance of a proper autophagic activity, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy). The continuous increase of the number of centenarians has worldwide practical implications including profound impact on intergenerational interactions and significant financial challenges for any society, especially in relation to medical expenses.
Mitochondria and Eye
Authors: Singh Lata , Kumar Singh Mithalesh 
Published: March 2021

Mitochondria are essential subcellular organelles and important key regulators of metabolism. Mammalian mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA). Human mtDNA is remarkably small (16,569 bp) compared to nuclear DNA. Mitochondria promote aerobic respiration, an important part of energy metabolism in eukaryotes, as the site of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and involves 5 protein complexes that sequentially undergo reduction-oxygen reactions ultimately producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Tissues with high metabolic demand such as lungs, central nervous system, peripheral nerves, heart, adrenal glands, renal tubules and the retina are affected preferentially by this critical role in energy production by mitochondrial disorders. Eye-affected mitochondrial disorders are always primary, but the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is now best understood in acquired chronic progressive ocular diseases. Recent advances in mitochondrial research have improved our understanding of ocular disorders. In this chapter, we will discuss the mitochondria in relation to eye diseases, ocular tumors, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities that will help to improve the outcomes of these conditions.
The Effect of HNO3 and/or NaOH Treatments on Characteristics of Mordenite
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega , Wijaya Karna , Suryani Desi , Chasanah Uswatul 
Published: March 2021

Modification of mordenite had been performed by HNO3 and/or NaOH treatments and used as a catalyst in the hydrotreating of pyrolyzed α-cellulose. The Si/Al ratio of mordenites was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), the acidity was gravimetrically determined using ammonium vapor adsorption, the crystallinity was identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and pore characters of mordenites (BHM, BAM0.1, and BAM0.5) were analyzed using Gas Sorption Analyzed (GSA). Catalytic activity and selectivity of the mordenites were evaluated in the hydrotreating of pyrolyzed α-cellulose under 20 mL minute−1 H2 gas flow at 450 °C for 2 h with the weight ratio of catalyst:feed was 1:60. The liquid products were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). The acidity of mordenites decreased along with the increase of Si/Al rasio, except for the AM0.1 mordenite. The average pore diameter of BHM, BAM0.1 and BAM0.5 was 2.96; 3.34 and 4.53 nm, respectively. The BAM0.1 showed the highest catalytic activity in producing liquid fraction (64.04 wt%). The BAM0.5 showed the highest catalytic selectivity towards biofuels, i.e. 1-pentene 0.44 (wt%); 2-heptyne 2.75 (wt%) and 1-propanol 3.05 (wt%) from the hydrotreating process of pyrolyzed α-cellulose.
Formulae of Sediment Transport in Steady Flows (Part 1)
Authors: Yang Shu-Qing , AL-Fadhly Ishraq 
Published: March 2021

This paper makes an attempt to answer why the observed critical shear stress for incipient sediment motion sometimes deviates from the Shields curve largely, and the influence of vertical velocity is analyzed as one of the reasons. The data with d50 = 0.016 ∼ 29.1 mm from natural streams and laboratory channels were analyzed. These measured data do not always agree with the Shields diagram’s prediction. The reasons responsible for the deviation have been re-examined and it is found that, among many factors, the vertical motion of sediment particles plays a leading role for the invalidity of Shield’s prediction. The positive/negative deviations are associated with the up/downward vertical velocity in decelerating/accelerating flows, and the Shields diagram is valid only when flow is uniform. A new theory for critical shear stress has been developed, a unified critical Shields stress for sediment transport has been established, which is valid to predict the critical shear stress of sediment with/without vertical motion.
Needs of family members of patients admitted to a university hospital critical care unit, Izmir Turkey: comparison of nurse and family perceptions
Authors: Büyükçoban Sibel , Mermi Bal Zehra , Oner Ozlem , Kilicaslan Necmiye , Gökmen Necati , Ciçeklioğlu Meltem 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
This study aims to compare the perceptions of nurses and families on the needs of the relatives of the patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU of a university hospital. The study comprised 213 critical care patients’ relatives and 54 nurses working in the same ICU. Data were collected using the Turkish version of Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and a questionnaire on the characteristics of the participants. The difference between the perceptions of families and nurses was analyzed using Student t-test. Results: CCFNI’s assurance/proximity subscale mean scores ranked first among bothpatients and nurses. The item “To be assured the best care possible is being given to the patient” was the top priority for both groups. Mean assurance/proximity and information dimensions of relatives were significantly higher compared to nurses (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the perception of patient relatives and nurses related to support and comfort dimensions (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The needs of the relatives of patients are underestimated by nurses. This inhibited the performance of ICU nurses in line with the holistic care approach. Educational objectives that include the needs of ICU patients’ relatives should be incorporated into the undergraduate and in-service training of nurses. Policies should be established to create space and time for effective relative-nurse communication.
Waste Tire Pyrolysis Product: An Alternative to Petrochemical Feedstock
Authors: Egwuonwu Christian C. , Arinze Rosemary U. , Agbata Paul C. , Ike Vera C. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The amount of waste tire generated constantly in the modern society is on a rapid increase due to the world’s urbanization, industrialization and population increase. This research was conducted to recover useful products from waste tyre and harness the possibility of using these products as a petrochemical feedstock alternative.
Study Design: Conventional pyrolysis was used to produce bio char, bio-oil and bio-gas
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University between January 2020 and march 2020
Methodology: Waste tyre was pyrolyzed using a conventional pyrolysis over three different temperature 400,550 and 750oC. The yield of the oil and char was determined by weight measurement, while that of gas was determined by mass balancing. The oil produced was characterized using GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry)
Results: The percentage yield of char, oil and gas at 400oC, 550oC and 750oC respectively are 62, 24, 14; 48, 36.2, 15.8 and 42, 40, 18. The statistical analysis of yield gave a p-value of 0.785211 this showed that there is no significant change across the three samples statistically. The GC/MS analyses of the oil showed that the oil contains more than 35 compounds of which 6 accounted for more than 50% of the oil, these six include d-limonene with 12.83%, 1-2- benzene dicarboxylic acid with 10.48%, benzene, 1-ethyl-3methyl with 8.89%, benzene 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl) with 8.6%, benzene 1-ethenyl-4-methyl with 6.13% and hexadecenoic acid at 5.27%,while another six accounted for less than 5% of the oil, they includes (1-methylenebut-2-enyl)benzene with 0.89%, 1-methylbut-1,3-dienyl)benzene with 0.71%, naphthalene-2,7-dimethyl with 0.71%, quinoline with 0.96%, Spiro[4,5]dec-7-ene,1,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) with 0.74%, phenol 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl).
Conclusion: The composition of tire derived oil are very important petrochemicals derivatives which can be separated or can be used as feedstocks for petrochemical industries.