bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobbing responses of great tits (Parus major) do not depend on the number of heterospecific callers
Authors: Dutour Mylène , Randler Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerical competence—the ability to estimate and process the number of objects and events—is important during antipredator strategies because it influences individual's survival chances. Animals can benefit from numerical competence during mobbing—when a prey moves toward and vocalizes at or harasses a predator. Mobbing responses of some species are related to the number of conspecific callers, and responses are stronger during playbacks simulating multiple callers. Here, we tested heterospecific individual vocal recognition (IVR) in combination with numerical competence in great tits (Parus major). Since previous work showed that great tits respond to mobbing calls of chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), we predict that great tits showed a stronger response when two or four different individual chaffinches were played back versus only one individual by keeping the duty cycle (number of total calls/min) identical. Individuals were exposed to playbacks simulating calling by one, two or four heterospecific callers, or singing by one caller (control song). Great tits approached the speaker closer and produced more calls during the mobbing calls treatments than during the control treatment (song). However, in contrast to our prediction, great tits responded similarly to mobbing calls from several heterospecific callers as they did toward mobbing calls from one heterospecific caller. Maybe the great tits still are capable of determining the identity of the callers, but what might matter most for them in this very specific situation might be the mobbing intensity. We assume that the duty cycle itself has the stronger impact on the response.
Deltex positively regulates Toll signaling in a JNK independent manner in Drosophila
Authors: Sharma Vartika , Mutsuddi Mousumi , Mukherjee Ashim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractToll pathway is the center for the function of immune system in both Drosophila and mammals. Toll pathway in Drosophila gets activated upon binding of the ligand Spätzle to the receptor, Toll, triggering a series of proteolytic cascade culminating into the activation of the NF‐κB factors Dorsal and/or Dif (Dorsal‐related immunity factor). Inappropriate activation of the Toll pathway is often associated with systemic inflammation phenotype in the absence of infection, and thus, it is important to understand the regulation of Toll signaling. Deltex (Dx) is a context‐dependent regulator of Notch signaling and has been linked with cell‐mediated immunity in the mammalian system lately. However, the unambiguous role of Dx in humoral and cell‐mediated immunity is yet to be explored. Our study unravels the novel role of Dx in Toll pathway activation. Gain of function of dx in Drosophila larvae results in increased melanotic mass formation and increased lamellocyte production. Our results also reveal the nuclear accumulation of transcription factors Dorsal and Dif and expression of Toll‐associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in Dx over‐expression background. Further, we also tried to elucidate the role of Dx in JNK‐independent Toll activation. Here we present Dx as a novel candidate in the regulation of Toll pathway.
Long‐term joint outcomes of regular low‐dose prophylaxis in Chinese children with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Wu Yuefang , Lu Jingjing , Zhou Yin , Li Kuixing , Liu Ying , Liu Shufen , Li Zhuo , zhao Yongqiang , Poon Man‐Chiu , Xiao Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the long‐term joint outcomes of low‐dose prophylaxis in Chinese children with severe haemophilia A and to analyse their related factors.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed follow‐up data from 21 severe haemophilia A children on regular low‐dose prophylaxis for 6–10 years. We used International Prophylaxis Study Group magnetic resonance imaging score (IPSG MRI score), Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), number of target joints, and Hemophilia‐Specific Quality of Life Index (Haemo‐QoL) to evaluate joint outcomes. Factors associated with these outcomes were evaluated by statistical analysis.Results(1) The children were 1.75 to 17 years age at prophylaxis initiation. Median prophylactic factor VIII dose was 22.9 IU/kg per week. (2) At the end of follow‐up: (a) The total IPSG MRI scores were 2–24 with 90.5% children exhibiting moderate to severe joint involvement (score 7–24); (b) The HJHS ranged 2–27, with 0–10 for 46.7% children and >10 for 53.3% children. There was a positive correlation between the MRI score and HJHS (p < .05); (c) Compared to their on‐demand treatment period before prophylaxis, target joints numbers decreased, and no child needed auxiliary devices to walk; (d) Joint outcomes were positively correlated with the age at initiation of low‐dose prophylaxis (p < .05) and negatively correlated with the treatment dose.ConclusionLong‐term low‐dose prophylaxis had positive effect on joint outcomes compared with on‐demand treatment. However, a certain degree of joint damage remained in all children indicating the need for improving the current strategy of low‐dose prophylaxis.
Consumer confidence and conspicuous consumption: A conservation of resources perspective
Authors: Hampson Daniel Peter , Ma Shuang (Sara) , Wang Yonggui , Han Myat Su 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the global economy faces major contraction, speculation abounds that conspicuously branded products will be especially vulnerable. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between consumer confidence and conspicuous consumption. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we develop a theoretical model, which we test with data from a sample of Brazilian consumers (n = 1,043), using structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis. Results reveal that financial insecurity, need for status and anticipated luxury guilt each positively mediate the consumer confidence‐conspicuous consumption relationship. The effects of consumer confidence on conspicuous consumption via financial insecurity and anticipated luxury guilt are strongest for the highest socioeconomic status consumers.
Simvastatin in vitiligo: an update with recent review of the literature
Authors: Hasan Rashidul , Agarwal Komal , Podder Indrashis , Misitzis Angelica , Schwartz Robert A. , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPatients with vitiligo often seek medical attention, as it diminishes their quality of life resulting in significant morbidity. Several topical and systemic therapies are in vogue targeting the immunological aspect of this disease, but results are often unsatisfactory, and complete cure remains elusive. Recently, simvastatin, a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylyglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitor, is being evaluated for vitiligo management because of its multimodal action, easy availability, and low cost. The proposed multimodal actions range from anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, to immunomodulatory properties which may be of therapeutic benefit in vitiligo patients. The authors intend to evaluate the role of simvastatin as a novel therapeutic agent for vitiligo along with relevant review of literature.
Risk factors for outbreaks of COVID‐19 in care homes following hospital discharge: A national cohort analysis
Authors: Emmerson Chris , Adamson James P. , Turner Drew , Gravenor Mike B. , Salmon Jane , Cottrell Simon , Middleton Victoria , Thomas Buffy , Mason Brendan W. , Williams Chris J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe population of adult residential care homes has been shown to have high morbidity and mortality in relation to COVID‐19.MethodsWe examined 3115 hospital discharges to a national cohort of 1068 adult care homes and subsequent outbreaks of COVID‐19 occurring between 22 February and 27 June 2020. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the impact of time‐dependent exposure to hospital discharge on incidence of the first known outbreak, over a window of 7‐21 days after discharge, and adjusted for care home characteristics, including size and type of provision.ResultsA total of 330 homes experienced an outbreak, and 544 homes received a discharge over the study period. Exposure to hospital discharge was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of a new outbreak (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.89, 1.47, P = .29) after adjusting for care home characteristics. Care home size was the most significant predictor. Hazard ratios (95% CI) in comparison with homes of <10 residents were as follows: 3.40 (1.99, 5.80) for 10‐24 residents; 8.25 (4.93, 13.81) for 25‐49 residents; and 17.35 (9.65, 31.19) for 50+ residents. When stratified for care home size, the outbreak rates were similar for periods when homes were exposed to a hospital discharge, in comparison with periods when homes were unexposed.ConclusionOur analyses showed that large homes were at considerably greater risk of outbreaks throughout the epidemic, and after adjusting for care home size, a discharge from hospital was not associated with a significant increase in risk.
Significant presence of biofilm‐producing gut‐derived bacteria in anal fistula of chronic duration
Authors: Jaiswal Prakhar , Sharma Swati , Pratap Arvind , Ansari Mumtaz , Shukla Vijay K , Basu Somprakas , Banerjee Tuhina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFistula‐in‐ano though not a life‐threatening condition, yet its symptoms often significantly impact patients' social, intimate, and work lives. There is an established role of bacterial microflora in acute infections. However, we proposed that biofilm‐forming organisms might be present in the microflora of anal fistula of prolonged duration. This aspect has rarely been studied earlier. Therefore, the study describes the microbiology of anal fistula and the biofilm‐forming capacity of the isolated organisms. A total of 30 patients were included in the study as per the criteria. Anal fistula tissue sample, tissue fluid, and blood samples were collected from each individual. The collected specimens were detected for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic microflora through standard microbiological method and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the role of biofilm formation by microtitre plate assay and serum matrix metalloproteinases‐9 was also studied. The result showed significant predominance of gut‐derived microflora with high‐to‐moderate biofilm‐producing ability in anal fistulas of prolonged duration. The study emphasises the presence of biofilm‐forming bacteria in chronic, non‐healing fistula.
Undertaking a scoping review: A practical guide for nursing and midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Davies Ellen L. , Peters Micah D. J. , Tricco Andrea C. , Alexander Lyndsay , McInerney Patricia , Godfrey Christina M. , Khalil Hanan , Munn Zachary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to discuss the available methodological resources and best‐practice guidelines for the development and completion of scoping reviews relevant to nursing and midwifery policy, practice, and research.DesignDiscussion Paper.Data SourcesScoping reviews that exemplify best practice are explored with reference to the recently updated JBI scoping review guide (2020) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review extension (PRISMA‐ScR).Implications for nursing and midwiferyScoping reviews are an increasingly common form of evidence synthesis. They are used to address broad research questions and to map evidence from a variety of sources. Scoping reviews are a useful form of evidence synthesis for those in nursing and midwifery and present opportunities for researchers to review a broad array of evidence and resources. However, scoping reviews still need to be conducted with rigour and transparency.ConclusionThis study provides guidance and advice for researchers and clinicians who are preparing to undertake an evidence synthesis and are considering a scoping review methodology in the field of nursing and midwifery.ImpactWith the increasing popularity of scoping reviews, criticism of the rigour, transparency, and appropriateness of the methodology have been raised across multiple academic and clinical disciplines, including nursing and midwifery. This discussion paper provides a unique contribution by discussing each component of a scoping review, including: developing research questions and objectives; protocol development; developing eligibility criteria and the planned search approach; searching and selecting the evidence; extracting and analysing evidence; presenting results; and summarizing the evidence specifically for the fields of nursing and midwifery. Considerations for when to select this methodology and how to prepare a review for publication are also discussed. This approach is applied to the disciplines of nursing and midwifery to assist nursing and/or midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics.
Trajectory of smoking behaviour during the first 6 months after diagnosis of lung cancer: A study from Taiwan
Authors: Yang Chia‐Chen , Liu Chien‐Ying , Wang Kwua‐Yun , Chang Yun‐Kuang , Wen Fur‐Hsing , Lee Yu‐Chin , Chen Mei‐Ling 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify different classes of change pattern/ trajectory of tobacco smoking behaviour after diagnosis of lung cancer using multi‐wave data and to explore factors associated with the class membership.DesignThis is a multi‐wave observational study.MethodsSmoking behaviour data were collected at diagnosis and then every month for 6 months from 133 newly diagnosed people with lung cancer who had recently quit smoking or continued to smoke at diagnosis. These patients were recruited from three medical centres and data were collected from May 2014 to January 2017. Smoking behaviour was assessed based on patients’ self‐reports on whether they smoked during the last month (yes/no) for a total of seven times. Mixture latent Markov model and logistic regression were used to analyse data.ResultsTwo latent classes of smoking trajectory were identified among recent quitters or current smokers of people with lung cancer, namely “perseverance for abstinence” and “indecisive for abstinence.” Patients who were younger age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.026), exposure to second‐hand smoke (OR = 3.35, p = 0.012) and lower self‐efficacy for not smoking (OR = 0.96, p = 0.011) were more likely to belong to the class of “indecisive for abstinence.”ConclusionsHeterogeneous classes of smoking trajectory existed in newly diagnosed people with lung cancer. The risk factors associated with a less favourable smoking trajectory can be incorporated into tailored smoking‐cessation programs for patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer.ImpactThe dynamic trajectory of smoking behaviour had not been adequately explored among newly diagnosed people with lung cancer. Two classes of smoking trajectory and the predictors associated with the class membership were identified. These findings suggest that the diagnosis of cancer is a teachable moment for smoking cessation. Patients with younger age, lower self‐efficacy of not smoking and exposure to second‐hand smoke at home need special attention.
Non‐muscle myosin II regulates aortic stiffness through effects on specific focal adhesion proteins and the non‐muscle cortical cytoskeleton
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Kim Anne B. , Morgan Kathleen G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNon‐muscle myosin II (NMII) plays a role in many fundamental cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, and cytokinesis. However, its role in mammalian vascular function is not well understood. Here, we investigated the function of NMII in the biomechanical and signalling properties of mouse aorta. We found that blebbistatin, an inhibitor of NMII, decreases agonist‐induced aortic stress and stiffness in a dose‐dependent manner. We also specifically demonstrate that in freshly isolated, contractile, aortic smooth muscle cells, the non‐muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) isoform is associated with contractile filaments in the core of the cell as well as those in the non‐muscle cell cortex. However, the non‐muscle myosin IIB (NMIIB) isoform is excluded from the cell cortex and colocalizes only with contractile filaments. Furthermore, both siRNA knockdown of NMIIA and NMIIB isoforms in the differentiated A7r5 smooth muscle cell line and blebbistatin‐mediated inhibition of NM myosin II suppress agonist‐activated increases in phosphorylation of the focal adhesion proteins FAK Y925 and paxillin Y118. Thus, we show in the present study, for the first time that NMII regulates aortic stiffness and stress and that this regulation is mediated through the tension‐dependent phosphorylation of the focal adhesion proteins FAK and paxillin.
Prognostic role of c‐Jun activation domain‐binding protein‐1 in cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Deyao , Mu Shidai , Hu Binwu , Zhang Shuo , Liu Jianxiang , Zhang Zhicai , Shao Zengwu 
Published: February 2021

Abstractc‐Jun activation domain‐binding protein‐1 (Jab1) is aberrantly overexpressed in multiple cancers and plays an oncogenic role in cancer progression. We examined the association between Jab1 expression and prognosis in patients with cancer by conducting a meta‐analysis. A comprehensive search strategy was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and EMBASE in July 2020. Eligible studies were enrolled according to definite criteria. Twenty‐seven studies involving 2609 patients were enrolled in this meta‐analysis. A significant association between high Jab1 expression and poor overall survival (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 2.344, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.037‐2.696) was observed. Subgroup analyses of the type of cancer, sample size, follow‐up period, Jab1 detection method and preoperative treatment did not alter the significance. On pooling data from Cox multivariate analyses, high Jab1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival. In addition, high Jab1 expression was found to be associated with advanced clinicopathological features such as clinical stage, lymphatic metastasis, histological grade and distant metastasis in cancers. Our meta‐analysis is the first to demonstrate that high Jab1 expression may be a promising indicator of poor prognosis and has an independent prognostic value for overall survival in patients with cancer.
Regenerative periodontal surgery and orthodontic tooth movement in stage IV periodontitis: A retrospective practice‐based cohort study
Authors: Tietmann Christina , Bröseler Frank , Axelrad Tamar , Jepsen Karin , Jepsen Søren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimEvaluation of the effectiveness of regenerative treatment of intra‐bony defects in combination with consecutive orthodontic tooth movements in stage IV periodontitis.Material and methodsA total of 526 intra‐bony defects in 48 patients were analysed after regenerative therapy using collagen‐deproteinized bovine bone mineral with or without collagen membrane or enamel matrix derivative followed by orthodontic tooth movement initiated 3 months after surgery. Changes in radiographic bone levels (BL) and probing pocket depths (PPD) were evaluated after 1 year and up to 4 years.ResultsTooth loss amounted to 0.57%. Mean BL gain was 4.67 mm (±2.5 mm) after 1 year and 4.85 mm (±2.55 mm) after up to 4 years. Mean PPD was significantly reduced from 6.00 mm (±2.09 mm) at baseline to 3.45 mm (±1.2 mm) after 1 year, and to 3.12 mm (±1.36 mm) after 2–4 years. Pocket closure (PPD ≤4 mm) was accomplished in 87% of all defects. Adjunctive antibiotic therapy did not show any statistically significant impact on treatment outcomes.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this retrospective study design, the findings suggest that the combination of regenerative treatment and consecutive orthodontic tooth movements resulted in favourable results up to 4 years.
Seasonal abundance of Tuberolachnus salignus and its effect on flowering of host willows of varying susceptibility
Authors: Tun Kyaw Min , Clavijo McCormick Andrea , Jones Trevor , Minor Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe giant willow aphid Tuberolachnus salignus Gmelin is a large phloem‐feeding insect which colonizes the stems of willow trees. This aphid is a new invasive species in New Zealand and there is limited knowledge of its inter‐annual population patterns and the damage it can cause to willow hosts. Our study investigated the T. salignus population dynamics and its effects on the flowering parameters of fifteen willow species and hybrids in a field trial. The aphid population levels were found to vary among the willow species and hybrids. Based on the aphid population levels, the willow species and hybrids were classified as resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible or highly susceptible. T. salignus infestation had no effect on the flowering of resistant and moderately resistant willows, but significantly delayed the flowering time, extended the flowering duration, and decreased the catkin length in susceptible species and hybrids. Interestingly, aphid infestation was found to increase the catkin number and total floral output of some willow species and hybrids. It can be concluded that aphid populations and their effects on flowering are host‐specific, with large differences between resistant and susceptible host plants.
A comparative analysis of the relationship between flood experience and private flood mitigation behaviour in the regions of England
Authors: Barendrecht Marlies H. , McCarthy Simon , Viglione Alberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere has been a move towards a more integrated approach to flood risk management, which includes a stronger focus on property level measures. However, in England the uptake of these measures remains low. Flood experience has been found to influence preparedness (i.e., the uptake of measures), but even experience does not always result in an increase in preparedness. We investigate the variations in the relationship between experience and preparedness for the regions of England as defined by the Environment Agency. Analysis of survey data collected by the Environment Agency among the at risk population between 1997 and 2004 was undertaken to determine the differences between the seven regions. We find that in the South West, Southern and Anglian regions increases in preparedness with increasing experience are higher compared to other regions. In the Thames, Midlands and North West regions the preparedness increases less with increasing experience. We explore the influence of other factors influencing flood mitigation behaviour that have been previously found in the literature and find that the differences between regions are correlated with the severity of experienced flooding and whether English is the first language of the respondents.