bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in Italy
Authors: Azzari Chiara , Baraldi Eugenio , Bonanni Paolo , Bozzola Elena , Coscia Alessandra , Lanari Marcello , Manzoni Paolo , Mazzone Teresa , Sandri Fabrizio , Checcucci Lisi Giovanni , Parisi Salvatore , Piacentini Giorgio , Mosca Fabio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections in infants and the second most frequent cause of death during the first year of life. This highly contagious seasonal virus is responsible for approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children under the age of 5 years. Bronchiolitis is the most common severe manifestation; however, RSV infections are associated with an increased long-term risk for recurring wheezing and the development of asthma. There is an unmet need for new agents and a universal strategy to prevent RSV infections starting at the time of birth. RSV is active between November and April in Italy, and prevention strategies must ensure that all neonates and infants under 1 year of age are protected during the endemic season, regardless of gestational age at birth and timing of birth relative to the epidemic season. Approaches under development include maternal vaccines to protect neonates during their first months, monoclonal antibodies to provide immediate protection lasting up to 5 months, and pediatric vaccines for longer-lasting protection. Meanwhile, improvements are needed in infection surveillance and reporting to improve case identification and better characterize seasonal trends in infections along the Italian peninsula. Rapid diagnostic tests and confirmatory laboratory testing should be used for the differential diagnosis of respiratory pathogens in children. Stakeholders and policymakers must develop access pathways once new agents are available to reduce the burden of infections and hospitalizations.
A supervised exercise intervention during cancer treatment for adolescents and young adults—FiGHTING F!T: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Munsie Claire , Ebert Jay , Collins Joanne , Plaster Megan , Joske David , Ackland Timothy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
High-quality evidence supports the integration of exercise to mitigate treatment-related side effects in a wide range of paediatric and adult cancer cohorts. However, the implementation of exercise in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients is yet to be explored in depth. FiGHTINGF!T is a randomised controlled cross over trial designed to determine if a supervised, structured, and progressive exercise programme can reduce the decline in physical fitness (V02peak) associated with cancer treatment in AYAs from diagnosis.

Methods/design
A total of 40 AYAs recently diagnosed and due to commence systemic treatment (± 2 weeks) for a primary haematological malignancy or solid tumour will be recruited and randomised to either an immediate exercise intervention or usual care (delayed exercise) for 10 weeks. This randomised controlled crossover trial will see both groups engage in a supervised exercise intervention from either diagnosis (baseline assessment) for 10 weeks (0–10 weeks) or following an interim assessment to 20 weeks (10–20 weeks). The bi-weekly tailored exercise programme will combine aerobic and resistance exercises and be supervised by an Accredited Exercise Physiologist. Participants will complete a range of assessments at 0, 10, and 20 weeks including cardiopulmonary exercise tests, 1 repetition maximum strength measures, physical functioning, and self-reported quality of life measurements. Patient-reported treatment-related toxicities will be recorded on a weekly basis.

Discussion
The FiGHTINGF!T trial will provide insight into the potential benefits of a supervised exercise programme in AYAs undergoing cancer treatment. This trial will contribute to the evidence supporting the necessary integration of exercise during cancer treatment, specifically in the under-reported AYA cohort.

Trial registration
This trial was registered retrospectively with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial registry (ACTRN12620000663954). Registered on 10 June 2020
Effectiveness of expiratory technique and induced sputum in obtaining good quality sputum from patients acutely hospitalized with suspected lower respiratory tract infection: a statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cartuliares Mariana Bichuette , Skjøt-Arkil Helene , Rosenvinge Flemming Schønning , Mogensen Christian Backer , Skovsted Thor Aage , Pedersen Andreas Kristian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Targeted antimicrobial treatment is essential to avoid unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance. Targeted treatment relies on a precise microbiological diagnosis — in pneumonia, this poses a challenge as the usefulness of Gram stains and cultures is highly dependent on the quality of the sputum sample.
This study aims to examine adverse effects and quality of sputum samples obtained by expiratory techniques (forced expiratory technique and sputum induction) compared with tracheal suction. The hypothesis is that expiratory techniques are non-inferior to tracheal suction in obtaining samples from the lower respiratory tract. This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the study design, method, and data analysis of the trial to increase transparency, avoid reporting bias or data-driven analysis and increase the study’s reproducibility.

Method
The design is a pragmatic, non-inferiority, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial including 280 patients admitted with suspected lower respiratory infection to two emergency departments. Patients are randomized to a usual care group, where sputum samples are collected by tracheal suction or to an intervention group where sputum samples are collected by forced expiratory technique and sputum induction. The statistical analysis will follow an intention-to-treat protocol. This SAP is developed and submitted before the end of recruitment, database closure, and statistical analyses.

Discussion
The results of this study will provide valuable knowledge to clinical practice by comparing adverse effects and sputum sample quality associated with different sample methods.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04595526. Submitted on October 19, 2020
Emergence of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Khartoum State, Central Sudan
Authors: Ahmed Ayman , Khogali Rua , Elnour Mohammed-Ahmed B. , Nakao Ryo , Salim Bashir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the Asian invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, has been identified in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan. This is the first report that confirms the geographical expansion of this urban mosquito into Central Sudan. We urgently recommend the launch of a national entomological survey to determine the distribution of this invasive disease vector and to generate essential information about its bionomics and susceptibility to available malaria control measures.
Graphical Abstract
Asthma, allergies and respiratory symptoms in different activity groups of swimmers exercising in swimming halls
Authors: Päivinen Marja , Keskinen Kari , Putus Tuula , Kujala Urho M. , Kalliokoski Pentti , Tikkanen Heikki O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Respiratory symptoms are common in competitive swimmers. However, among these and in swimmers at other activity levels the swimming distance, the total spent time in swimming halls and their medical background varies. Our objectives were, first, to assess their medical histories and the associations with respiratory symptoms among swimmers in different activity groups and then second, to study the pulmonary function findings and related medications in competitive swimmers who exercise in swimming hall environments the most.

Methods
First, 1118 participants consisting of 133 competitive-, 734 fitness- and 251 occasional swimmers answered questionnaires concerning their medical background, their respiratory symptoms in connection to swimming distance and their amount of time spent in swimming halls. Secondly, in 130 competitive swimmers, pulmonary function was tested by spirometry and a specific questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms, medical histories and prescribed medication.

Results
Respiratory symptoms were reported by 18% of the studied swimmers. Competitive swimmers had significantly more symptoms than fitness- and occasional swimmers. Naturally competitive swimmers swum more than 2000 m and stayed by the pool more than 90 min, longer than the other activity groups of swimmers. Spirometry testing showed airway obstruction in 15 swimmers, which was 12% of the 130 competitive swimmers. 21 of them, had physician-diagnosed asthma and 16 of these individuals had prescribed medication for it.

Conclusions
Competitive swimmers had the highest swimming hall exposure and reported significantly more respiratory symptoms. A high prevalence of airway obstruction findings in competitive swimmers with asthma and allergies suggests a need for future recommendations for regular testing and special medical care for competitive swimmers.
Underwater image segmentation in the wild using deep learning
Authors: Drews-Jr Paulo , Souza Isadora de , Maurell Igor P. , Protas Eglen V. , C. Botelho Silvia S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImage segmentation is an important step in many computer vision and image processing algorithms. It is often adopted in tasks such as object detection, classification, and tracking. The segmentation of underwater images is a challenging problem as the water and particles present in the water scatter and absorb the light rays. These effects make the application of traditional segmentation methods cumbersome. Besides that, to use the state-of-the-art segmentation methods to face this problem, which are based on deep learning, an underwater image segmentation dataset must be proposed. So, in this paper, we develop a dataset of real underwater images, and some other combinations using simulated data, to allow the training of two of the best deep learning segmentation architectures, aiming to deal with segmentation of underwater images in the wild. In addition to models trained in these datasets, fine-tuning and image restoration strategies are explored too. To do a more meaningful evaluation, all the models are compared in the testing set of real underwater images. We show that methods obtain impressive results, mainly when trained with our real dataset, comparing with manually segmented ground truth, even using a relatively small number of labeled underwater training images.
Scalable estimator of the diversity for de novo molecular generation resulting in a more robust QM dataset (OD9) and a more efficient molecular optimization
Authors: Leguy Jules , Glavatskikh Marta , Cauchy Thomas , Da Mota Benoit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChemical diversity is one of the key term when dealing with machine learning and molecular generation. This is particularly true for quantum chemical datasets. The composition of which should be done meticulously since the calculation is highly time demanding. Previously we have seen that the most known quantum chemical dataset QM9 lacks chemical diversity. As a consequence, ML models trained on QM9 showed generalizability shortcomings. In this paper we would like to present (i) a fast and generic method to evaluate chemical diversity, (ii) a new quantum chemical dataset of 435k molecules, OD9, that includes QM9 and new molecules generated with a diversity objective, (iii) an analysis of the diversity impact on unconstrained and goal-directed molecular generation on the example of QED optimization. Our innovative approach makes it possible to individually estimate the impact of a solution to the diversity of a set, allowing for effective incremental evaluation. In the first application, we will see how the diversity constraint allows us to generate more than a million of molecules that would efficiently complete the reference datasets. The compounds were calculated with DFT thanks to a collaborative effort through the QuChemPedIA@home BOINC project. With regard to goal-directed molecular generation, getting a high QED score is not complicated, but adding a little diversity can cut the number of calls to the evaluation function by a factor of ten
On-farm colorimetric detection of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in crude bovine nasal samples
Authors: Pascual-Garrigos Ana , Maruthamuthu Murali Kannan , Ault Aaron , Davidson Josiah Levi , Rudakov Grigorii , Pillai Deepti , Koziol Jennifer , Schoonmaker Jon P. , Johnson Timothy , Verma Mohit S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work modifies a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) bacterial pathogens Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in a colorimetric format on a farm. BRD causes a significant health and economic burden worldwide that partially stems from the challenges involved in determining the pathogens causing the disease. Methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have the potential to identify the causative pathogens but require lab equipment and extensive sample processing making the process lengthy and expensive. To combat this limitation, LAMP allows accurate pathogen detection in unprocessed samples by the naked eye allowing for potentially faster and more precise diagnostics on the farm. The assay developed here offers 66.7–100% analytical sensitivity, and 100% analytical specificity (using contrived samples) while providing 60–100% concordance with PCR results when tested on five steers in a feedlot. The use of a consumer-grade water bath enabled on-farm execution by collecting a nasal swab from cattle and provided a colorimetric result within 60 min. Such an assay holds the potential to provide rapid pen-side diagnostics to cattle producers and veterinarians.
A neural network framework for binary classification of radar detections
Authors: Akhtar Jabran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA desired objective in radar target detection is to satisfy two very contradictory requirements: offer a high probability of detection with a low false alarm rate. In this paper, we propose the utilization of artificial neural networks for binary classification of targets detected by a depreciated detection process. It is shown that trained neural networks are capable of identifying false detections with considerable accuracy and can to this extent utilize information present in guard cells and Doppler profiles. This allows for a reduction in the false alarm rate with only moderate loss in the probability of detection. With an appropriately designed neural network, an overall improved system performance can be achieved when compared against traditional constant false alarm rate detectors for the specific trained scenarios.
On local spectral properties of operator matrices
Authors: An Il Ju , Ko Eungil , Lee Ji Eun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on a$2 \times 2$2×2operator matrix$T_{\epsilon _{k}}$Tϵkas follows:$$\begin{aligned} T_{\epsilon _{k}}= \begin{pmatrix} A & C \\ \epsilon _{k} D & B\end{pmatrix}, \end{aligned}$$Tϵk=(ACϵkDB),where$\epsilon _{k}$ϵkis a positive sequence such that$\lim_{k\rightarrow \infty }\epsilon _{k}=0$limk→∞ϵk=0. We first explore how$T_{\epsilon _{k}}$Tϵkhas several local spectral properties such as the single-valued extension property, the property$(\beta )$(β), and decomposable. We next study the relationship between some spectra of$T_{\epsilon _{k}}$Tϵkand spectra of its diagonal entries, and find some hypotheses by which$T_{\epsilon _{k}}$Tϵksatisfies Weyl’s theorem anda-Weyl’s theorem. Finally, we give some conditions that such an operator matrix$T_{\epsilon _{k}}$Tϵkhas a nontrivial hyperinvariant subspace.
Multiple positive solutions for a system of $(p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3})$-Laplacian Hadamard fractional order BVP with parameters
Authors: Rao Sabbavarapu Nageswara , Ahmadini Abdullah Ali H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we are pleased to investigate multiple positive solutions for a system of Hadamard fractional differential equations with $(p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3})$
(

p
1

,

p
2

,

p
3

)
-Laplacian operator. The main results rely on the standard tools of different fixed point theorems. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the obtained results with the aid of examples.
Exploring carer burden amongst those caring for a child or adolescent with an eating disorder during COVID-19
Authors: Maunder Kristen , McNicholas Fiona 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Carer burden amongst carers of youth with an eating disorder is substantial and if not addressed can lead to negative outcomes for the patient, carer and family. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made caring for youth with an ED even more onerous and preliminary research is beginning to emerge demonstrating the profound negative impact the pandemic is having upon individuals with EDs and their carers.

Main
In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about carer burden in families where a young person has an ED, consider the additional impact consequent to COVID-19 and highlight the need for interventions aimed at alleviating this. Pre-COVID-19 research identifies high levels of psychological and physical strain amongst those caring for a child with an ED. Themes are beginning to emerge as to why COVID-19 may further exacerbate carer burden: (1) reduced access to ED services; (2) increased physical vulnerability and exacerbation of psychiatric co-morbidity amongst youth with EDs; (3) increased practical demands placed on carers; and (4) social isolation and decreased social support.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a specific threat to the mental health of youth with EDs and their carers. Given the salient role families play in caring for youth with an ED, attending to carer burden is imperative. Supporting carers through all phases of their child’s ED journey by offering adaptive and flexible supportive services which accommodate time constraints, geographic barriers and possible COVID-19 spread is essential.
The effects of corticotomy and piezocision in orthodontic canine retraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes Larissa Salgado da Matta Cid Pinto , Figueiredo Daniel Santos Fonseca , Oliveira Dauro Douglas , Houara Ricardo Gontijo , Rody Wellington José , Gribel Bruno Frazão , Soares Rodrigo Villamarim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar corticotomy (AC) and piezocision (PZ) in accelerating maxillary canine retraction, and their effects on multiple bone remodeling expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was performed at the Department of Orthodontics of Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Eligibility criteria included orthodontic need for first maxillary premolars extractions, followed by canine retraction. Fifty-one adult patients were recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1). Random allocation of surgical or control interventions to each side of the maxillary arch was also conducted: G1 − AC × Control, G2 − PZ × Control, and G3 − AC × PZ. Both the definition of the group and the decision of the experimental or control sides were randomized by the software. Intraoral digital scans were performed before, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of canine retraction, and subsequently, at every 14 days until a maximum period of 6 months. GCF samples were collected before, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome consisted in the cumulative distal movement of the canines and was measured by digital model superimposition. The secondary outcome consisted in GCF bone remodeling samples that were quantified in a multiplex immunoassay. The measurements examinator was properly blinded.

Results
Forty-seven patients, 19 males and 28 females, were analyzed (mean age 20.72, SD = 6.66, range 15 to 38). Statistically significant differences in canine distal movement between AC and control in G1 were not observed (p > 0.05). In G2, PZ showed lower cumulative incisal and cervical measurements than control from the 2nd to the 24th week (p < 0.05). In G3, PZ showed a lower cumulative incisal and cervical measurements than AC from the16th to the 24th week (p < 0.05). In all groups, differences on biomarkers expression occurred at specific timepoints (p < 0.05), but a distinct pattern was not observed.

Conclusions
AC and PZ were not effective to accelerate maxillary canine retraction and did not induce a distinct pattern of biomarker expression.

Trial registration
NCT03089996. Registered 24 March 2017 - Registered.
Remote sensing detection enhancement
Authors: Ma Tian J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBig Data in the area of Remote Sensing has been growing rapidly. Remote sensors are used in surveillance, security, traffic, environmental monitoring, and autonomous sensing. Real-time detection of small moving targets using a remote sensor is an ongoing, challenging problem. Since the object is located far away from the sensor, the object often appears too small. The object’s signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is often very low. Occurrences such as camera motion, moving backgrounds (e.g., rustling leaves), low contrast and resolution of foreground objects makes it difficult to segment out the targeted moving objects of interest. Due to the limited appearance of the target, it is tough to obtain the target’s characteristics such as its shape and texture. Without these characteristics, filtering out false detections can be a difficult task. Detecting these targets, would often require the detector to operate under a low detection threshold. However, lowering the detection threshold could lead to an increase of false alarms. In this paper, the author will introduce a new method that improves the probability to detect low SNR objects, while decreasing the number of false alarms as compared to using the traditional baseline detection technique.
Dynamic response of thickened tailings in shaking table testing
Authors: Alshawmar Fahad , Fall Mamadou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, an instrumented thickened tailings deposit model was designed, built and employed to evaluate the behaviour of layered thickened tailings to dynamic loading by using a shaking table equipment. The thickened tailings were deposited subsequently in three thin layers in a flexible laminar shear box mounted on top of the shaking table. Cyclic loading with a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.13 g and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied to the layered tailings deposit. Different types of sensors were placed to monitor the accelerations, displacements, volumetric water content and pore water pressures at the intermediate depth of each layer. Results indicated that the acceleration for the bottom and middle layers were similar to that of the base of the shaking table; but, this was not the case for the top layer. The measurements of vertical displacements indicated that all layers of thickened tailings experienced initially contraction and subsequently dilation during the shaking. The excess pore water pressure ratios were found to exceed unity through all layers of thickened tailings when the shaking ended. In other words, the results showed that the layered thickened tailings are susceptible to liquefaction under the considered testing conditions. It is also found that upward pore water migration to the top layer and downward pore water flow to the bottom layer occurred in the thickened tailings deposit. This water migration generated additional pore water pressure and also impacted the vertical displacement and liquefaction susceptibility of the thickened tailings material. The results of this study give a better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of thickened tailings, which is crucial for the safety of thickened tailings systems as well as sustainable mining.