bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral Representation and Supports of Functionals on Lipschitz Spaces
Authors: Aliaga Ramón J , Pernecká Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe analyze the relationship between Borel measures and continuous linear functionals on the space $\textrm{Lip}_0(M)$ of Lipschitz functions on a complete metric space $M$. In particular, we describe continuous functionals arising from measures and vice versa. In the case of weak$^\ast $ continuous functionals, that is, members of the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal{F}(M)$, measures on $M$ are considered. For the general case, we show that the appropriate setting is rather the uniform (or Samuel) compactification of $M$ and that it is consistent with the treatment of $\mathcal{F}(M)$. This setting also allows us to give a definition of support for all elements of $\textrm{Lip}_0(M)^\ast $ with similar properties to those in $\mathcal{F}(M)$, and we show that it coincides with the support of the representing measure when such a measure exists. We deduce that the members of $\textrm{Lip}_0(M)^\ast $ that can be expressed as the difference of two positive functionals admit a Jordan-like decomposition into a positive and a negative part.
Anti-dsDNA Testing Specificity for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Orme Michelle E , Voreck Anja , Aksouh Redha , Schreurs Marco W J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoantibody specificity in autoimmune diseases is variable due to each patient’s individual spectrum of autoantibodies and the inherent differences between detection methods and tests. Since false-positive results have downstream consequences, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) specificity from published studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) identified cross-sectional or case-control studies published January 2004 to August 2019, reporting anti-dsDNA test accuracy data in SLE. Study quality was assessed using Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, version 2. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate specificity by test method or named test where feasible.ResultsThirty studies were included covering 43 different tests. The Crithidia luciliae indirect immunofluorescence test (CLIFT) and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay methods are likely to be ≥ 90% specific (Euroimmun 97.8% (95% CI 96.2%–98.7%) 4 studies; EliA 94.7% (95% CI 91.7%–96.7%), 6 studies; CLIFT 98.7% (95% CI 96.7%–99.5%), 8 studies/7 tests]. For other test methods, specificity was not fully demonstrated to be ≥ 90% and/or the control group included healthy patients possibly overestimating specificity. More studies are required for NOVA Lite [96.0% (95% CI 87.2%–98.9%), 5 studies], chemiluminescence immunoassays [92.3% (95% CI 83.6%–96.6%), 6 studies/4 tests], multiplex immunoassays [89.3% (95% CI 86.1%–91.8%), 4 studies/2 tests], and Farr fluorescent immunoassays (no estimate, 2 studies). Specificity data reported for Farr radioimmunoassays [93.8% (95% CI 85.4–97.5%), 11 studies, 9 tests] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [93.4% (95% CI 89.9%–95.7%), 15 studies/16 tests] lacked consistency.ConclusionAnti-dsDNA testing shows considerable variation in test specificity, with potential impact on the management of SLE patients. This review may help laboratory specialists and clinicians choose and interpret the appropriate anti-dsDNA test for their setting.
Prioritizing Design Process over Design Outcomes to Address Non-Indigenous Engagement with Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Design Practice
Authors: Kelly Meghan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article will discuss non-Indigenous designer engagement with Indigenous knowledge systems and the tensions that surround these areas of design practice historically. Scholarly literature demonstrates the way in which a Eurocentric design sensibility dominates design discourse and how, more recently, the discourse has shifted to first, the decolonization of design and the recognition of Indigenous design without influence or input from non-Indigenous participation and secondly, a process of collaboration which recognizes Indigenous led, Indigenous determined outcomes. Examining the argument of ‘whiteness’ which explains that non-Indigenous and Indigenous collaboration will demonstrate colonial power structures, this article will refer to the International Indigenous Design Charter, a document created to address this tension and guide designers on best practice protocols when working with Indigenous knowledge systems in professional design practice. The International Charter offers a way to restore historical narratives and leads us to understand that attention should move away from design outcomes to one where there is a focus on the design process. This would ensure self-determination and empowerment of Indigenous communities and will challenge the dominance of Eurocentric design sensibilities by providing the opportunity for new voices in the evaluation of design.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Banana Weevils (Cosmopolites sordidus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Using Transcriptome-Derived Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Milton Ali , Muhanguzi Dennis , Male Allan , Kajubi Ali , Buah Stephen , Kubiriba Jerome , Tumuhimbise Robooni 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an economically important insect pest of bananas. It causes up to 100% yield losses and substantial lifespan reduction in bananas. Advances in genomics, proteomics, and sequencing technologies have provided powerful pathways to genotyping disastrous pests such as C. sordidus. However, such technologies are often not available to the majority of rural subtropical African banana growers and pest control managers. This study was therefore motivated by the need to create cheap and easily accessible C. sordidus genotyping methods that could be deployed by banana pest control managers to the benefit of C. sordidus control programs in the tropics where such advanced technologies are not readily accessible. We used an in-house C. sordidus transcriptome from the an-ongoing study from which we mined an array of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of these, six highly polymorphic transcriptome-derived SSR markers were used to successfully genotype within and among banana weevil population genetic diversity of 12 C. sordidus populations collected from four banana-growing agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Uganda. The developed transcriptome-derived SSR markers can be used by researchers in population genetics for characterization of the C. sordidus and identification of new genes that are linked to traits of particular interest. The significant genetic diversity revealed in C. sordidus provides pertinent information for integrated pest management strategies.
Assessing the risk of resistance to cationic biocides incorporating realism-based and biophysical approaches
Authors: Fox Laura J , Kelly Paul P , Humphreys Gavin J , Waigh Thomas A , Lu Jian R , McBain Andrew J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The control of microorganisms is a key objective in disease prevention and in medical, industrial, domestic, and food-production environments. Whilst the effectiveness of biocides in these contexts is well-evidenced, debate continues about the resistance risks associated with their use. This has driven an increased regulatory burden, which in turn could result in a reduction of both the deployment of current biocides and the development of new compounds and formulas. Efforts to balance risk and benefit are therefore of critical importance and should be underpinned by realistic methods and a multi-disciplinary approach, and through objective and critical analyses of the literature. The current literature on this topic can be difficult to navigate. Much of the evidence for potential issues of resistance generation by biocides is based on either correlation analysis of isolated bacteria, where reports of treatment failure are generally uncommon, or laboratory studies that do not necessarily represent real biocide applications. This is complicated by inconsistencies in the definition of the term resistance. Similar uncertainties also apply to cross-resistance between biocides and antibiotics. Risk assessment studies that can better inform practice are required. The resulting knowledge can be utilised by multiple stakeholders including those tasked with new product development, regulatory authorities, clinical practitioners, and the public. This review considers current evidence for resistance and cross-resistance and outlines efforts to increase realism in risk assessment. This is done in the background of the discussion of the mode of application of biocides and the demonstrable benefits as well as the potential risks.
Arai Shōgo and His Global Civil War, circa 1885
Authors: Ghadimi Amin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores the historical relationship between terrorism and global thought through the case of Arai Shōgo, a commoner from Tochigi, Japan. Arai was chief of operations in the 1885 Osaka Incident, a failed plot among Japanese democratic radicals to travel to Korea, detonate explosives, topple the Korean government, incite war with China, resist European imperialism, and invigorate the democratic movement back in Japan. By examining Arai’s intellectual life as well as his geopolitical and local context, the article suggests that the rise of public political terrorism in East Asia not only signaled but also resulted from the crisis of intellectual globalization in the 1880s, in which terrorism marked the historical origins of the phenomenon of global civil war.
An ecological perspective on water shedding from leaves
Authors: Lenz Anne-Kristin , Bauer Ulrike , Ruxton Graeme D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWater shedding from leaves is a complex process depending on multiple leaf traits interacting with rain, wind, and air humidity, and with the entire plant and surrounding vegetation. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of the physics of water shedding with implications for plant physiology and ecology. We argue that the drop retention angle is a more meaningful parameter to characterize the water-shedding capacity of leaves than the commonly measured static contact angle. The understanding of the mechanics of water shedding is largely derived from laboratory experiments on artificial rather than natural surfaces, often on individual aspects such as surface wettability or drop impacts. In contrast, field studies attempting to identify the adaptive value of leaf traits linked to water shedding are largely correlative in nature, with inconclusive results. We make a strong case for taking the hypothesis-driven experimental approach of biomechanical laboratory studies into a real-world field setting to gain a comprehensive understanding of leaf water shedding in a whole-plant ecological and evolutionary context.
‘We can’t read it all’: Theorizing a hermeneutics for large-scale data in the humanities with a case study in stylometry
Authors: Ringler Hannah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComputational methods often produce large amounts of data about texts, which create theoretical and practical challenges for textual interpretation. How can we make claims about texts, when we cannot read every text or analyze every piece of data produced? This article draws on rhetorical and literary theories of textual interpretation to develop a hermeneutical theory for gaining insight about texts with large amounts of computational data. It proposes that computational data about texts can be thought of as analytical lenses that make certain textual features salient. Analysts can read texts with these lenses, and argue for interpretations by arguing for how the analyses of many pieces of data support a particular understanding of text(s). By focusing on validating an understanding of the corpus rather than explaining every piece of data, we allow space for close reading by the human reader, focus our contributions on the humanistic insight we can gain from our corpora, and make it possible to glean insight in a way that is feasible for the limited human reader while still having strategies to argue for (or against) certain interpretations. This theory is demonstrated with an analysis of academic writing using stylometry methods, by offering a view of knowledge-making processes in the disciplines through a close analysis of function words.
The management of membranous nephropathy—an update
Authors: Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Fernández-Juárez Gema M , Floege Jürgen , Goumenos Dimitrios , Kronbichler Andreas , Turkmen Kultigin , van Kooten Cees , Frangou Eleni , Stevens Kate I , Segelmark Mårten , Tesar Vladimir , Anders Hans-Joachim , Bruchfeld Annette 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent decades, several important advances have taken place in the understanding of the pathogenesis underlying membranous nephropathy (MN) that have sparked renewed interest in its management. Four landmark trials in MN and a fifth clinical trial—which was a pilot study—have been published in recent years. The results from some of these trials have had a significant impact on the recommendations included in the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases, representing a significant step forward compared with the previous guideline in several aspects, including diagnosis, disease monitoring and treatment strategies. However, considering the rapidly evolving advances in the knowledge of MN and the recent publication of the STARMEN and RI-CYCLO trials, several recommendations contained in the guideline warrant updates. This article provides a perspective of the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association regarding the management of MN in native kidneys of adult patients.
Guazia, the earliest ovule without cupule but with unique integumentary lobes
Authors: Wang De-Ming , Liu Le , Zhou Yi , Qin Min , Meng Mei-Cen , Guo Yun , Xue Jin-Zhuang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The earliest ovules in the Late Devonian (Famennian) are surrounded by a cupule that is involved in both protection and pollination, and generally have free integumentary lobes. Here we report a new taxon from the Famennian of China, Guazia dongzhiensis gen. et sp. nov. The terminally borne ovule is apparently acupulate (without cupule) and has four radially arranged wing-like integumentary lobes that are extensively fused, and folded lengthwise and inwards. Guazia provides evidence that not all Devonian seeds possess a cupule and it increases their diversity in integumentary lobes. This genus also suggests that the integuments develop new functions, probably including wind dispersal at the expense of the cupules.
Governing evidence use in the nutrition policy process: evidence and lessons from the 2020 Canada food guide
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Parkhurst Justin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nutrition guideline development is traditionally seen as a mechanism by which evidence is used to inform policy decisions. However, applying evidence in policy is a decidedly complex and politically embedded process, with no single universally agreed-upon body of evidence on which to base decisions, and multiple social concerns to address. Rather than simply calling for “evidence-based policy,” an alternative is to look at the governing features of the evidence use system and reflect on what constitutes improved evidence use from a range of explicitly identified normative concerns. This study evaluated the use of evidence within the Canada Food Guide policy process by applying concepts of the “good governance of evidence” – an approach that incorporates multiple normative principles of scientific and democratic best practice to consider the structure and functioning of evidence advisory systems. The findings indicated that institutionalizing a process for evidence use grounded in democratic and scientific principles can improve evidence use in nutrition policy making.
Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health
Authors: Monfoulet Laurent-Emmanuel , Martinez Maria Carmen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
Archiving Faith: Record-Keeping and Catholic Community Formation in Eighteenth-Century Mesopotamia
Authors: Parker Lucy , Maxton Rosie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the archiving practices of a little-known group of Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, the Diyarbakır Chaldeans, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It argues for a flexible definition of archives, based not on traditional characteristics such as links to a defined institutional repository, but on their purpose of community formation. The loose institutional structure of the Chaldean Church resulted in an unconventional archive, which never had one physical centre and consisted largely of liturgical manuscripts; nonetheless, it recorded recognizably archival material and gained cohesion from the overlapping circles of families, scribes and churches involved in its production, as well as from systematic innovations in scribal practices. The Diyarbakır Chaldean archive not only reflected the distinctive form of the community but also contributed to creating and reshaping it. By recording social ties, it kept these obligations alive for decades and generated ongoing commitments. It also imagined the community on an illusory level, occluding tensions and troubles in order to preserve an idealized image of a church united under pious leadership. This dispersed, mobile archive thus was intimately connected to community formation and contributed to the survival of the Chaldean Church in a time of immense difficulty.
Respiratory and C4-photosynthetic NAD-malic enzyme coexist in bundle sheath cell mitochondria and evolved via association of differentially adapted subunits
Authors: Hüdig Meike , Tronconi Marcos A , Zubimendi Juan P , Sage Tammy L , Poschmann Gereon , Bickel David , Gohlke Holger , Maurino Veronica G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In plant mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) has a housekeeping function in malate respiration. In different plant lineages, NAD-ME was independently co-opted in C4 photosynthesis. In the C4 Cleome species, Gynandropsis gynandra and Cleome angustifolia, all NAD-ME genes (NAD-MEα, NAD-MEβ1, and NAD-MEβ2) were affected by C4 evolution and are expressed at higher levels than their orthologs in the C3 species Tarenaya hassleriana. In T. hassleriana, the NAD-ME housekeeping function is performed by two heteromers, NAD-MEα/β1 and NAD-MEα/β2, with similar biochemical properties. In both C4 species, this role is restricted to NAD-MEα/β2. In the C4 species, NAD-MEα/β1 is exclusively present in the leaves, where it accounts for most of the enzymatic activity. Gynandropsis gynandra NAD-MEα/β1 (GgNAD-MEα/β1) exhibits high catalytic efficiency and is differentially activated by the C4 intermediate aspartate, confirming its role as the C4-decarboxylase. During C4 evolution, NAD-MEβ1 lost its catalytic activity; its contribution to the enzymatic activity results from a stabilizing effect on the associated α-subunit and the acquisition of regulatory properties. We conclude that in bundle sheath cell mitochondria of C4 species, the functions of NAD-ME as C4 photosynthetic decarboxylase and as a housekeeping enzyme coexist and are performed by isoforms that combine the same α-subunit with differentially adapted β-subunits.
Protease-stable DARPins as promising oral therapeutics
Authors: Simeon Rudo A , Zeng Yu , Chonira Vikas , Aguirre Andrea Martinez , Lasagna Mauricio , Baloh Marko , Sorg Joseph A , Tommos Cecilia , Chen Zhilei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is an enteric bacterium whose exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, inactivate small GTPases within the host cells, leading to bloody diarrhea. In prior work, our group engineered a panel of potent TcdB-neutralizing designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin) as oral therapeutics against C. difficile infection. However, all these DARPins are highly susceptible to digestion by gut-resident proteases, i.e. trypsin and chymotrypsin. Close evaluation of the protein sequence revealed a large abundance of positively charged and aromatic residues in the DARPin scaffold. In this study, we significantly improved the protease stability of one of the DARPins, 1.4E, via protein engineering. Unlike 1.4E, whose anti-TcdB EC50 increased &gt;83-fold after 1-hour incubation with trypsin (1 mg/ml) or chymotrypsin (0.5 mg/ml), the best progenies—T10-2 and T10b—exhibit similar anti-TcdB potency as their parent in PBS regardless of protease treatment. The superior protease stability of T10-2 and T10b is attributed to the removal of nearly all positively charged and aromatic residues except those directly engaged in target binding. Furthermore, T10-2 was found to retain significant toxin-neutralization ability in ex vivo cecum fluid and can be easily detected in mouse fecal samples upon oral administration. Both T10-2 and T10b enjoy a high thermo- and chemo-stability and can be expressed very efficiently in Escherichia coli (&gt;100 mg/l in shaker flasks). We believe that, in additional to their potential as oral therapeutics against C. difficile infection, T10-2 and T10b can also serve as a new generation DARPin scaffold with superior protease stability.