bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 360° Gaze
Authors: Stiegler Christian 
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive study of the pervasive role of immersion and immersive media in postmodern culture, from a humanities and social sciences perspective.
Virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and other modes of digitally induced immersion herald a major cultural and economic shift in society. Most academic discussions of immersion and immersive media have focused on the technological aspects. In The 360° Gaze, Christian Stiegler takes a humanities and social science approach, emphasizing the human implications of immersive media in postmodern culture. Examining characteristics common to all immersive experiences, he uncovers dominant metaphors, such as the rabbit hole, and prevailing ideologies. He raises fundamental questions about opportunities and risks associated with immersion, as well as the potential effects on individuals, communities, and societies.
Stiegler expands the range of media practices we should consider immersive. Introducing his theoretical framework of “the 360° gaze,” he navigates immersive experiences in literature, film, television, the performing arts, digital games, and immersive technologies. He considers their implications for psychology and reception, as well as their role in cultural industries and digital ecosystems. As he examines the intersections among immersive settings in media and in everyday immersive acts, he reframes such topics as mediation of the self, binge-watching, fandom, extended reality, and artificial intelligence. Immersion, he argues, is key to understanding the role of mass media in postmodern society. Stiegler perceives immersion to be an even more powerful and enduring form of engagement than mediation. Writing as a researcher and storyteller, he provides a guide to rethinking immersion in mediated experiences from the past, to enable us to prepare ourselves for the future.
Analysis of ceRNA networks and identification of potential drug targets for drug-resistant leukemia cell K562/ADR
Authors: Liu Zhaoping , Wang Yanyan , Xu Zhenru , Yuan Shunling , Ou Yanglin , Luo Zeyu , Wen Feng , Liu Jing , Zhang Ji 
Published: May 2021

Background
Drug resistance is the main obstacle in the treatment of leukemia. As a member of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, underlying roles of lncRNA are rarely reported in drug-resistant leukemia cells.

Methods
The gene expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in doxorubicin-resistant K562/ADR and sensitive K562 cells were established by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Expression of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and DEmRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR. The potential biological functions of DElncRNAs targets were identified by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was further constructed. K562/ADR cells were transfected with CCDC26 and LINC01515 siRNAs to detect the mRNA levels of GLRX5 and DICER1, respectively. The cell survival rate after transfection was detected by CCK-8 assay.

Results
The ceRNA network was composed of 409 lncRNA-miRNA pairs and 306 miRNA-mRNA pairs based on 67 DElncRNAs, 58 DEmiRNAs and 192 DEmRNAs. Knockdown of CCDC26 and LINC01515 increased the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells to doxorubicin and significantly reduced the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of doxorubicin. Furthermore, knockdown of GLRX5 and DICER1 increased the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells to doxorubicin and significantly reduced the IC50 of doxorubicin.

Conclusions
The ceRNA regulatory networks may play important roles in drug resistance of leukemia cells. CCDC26/miR-140-5p/GLRX5 and LINC01515/miR-425-5p/DICER1 may be potential targets for drug resistance in K562/ADR cells. This study provides a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and deepens the understanding of the ceRNA regulatory mechanism related to drug resistance in CML cells.
Functional characterization of Lilium lancifolium cold-responsive Zinc Finger Homeodomain (ZFHD) gene in abscisic acid and osmotic stress tolerance
Authors: Yong Yubing , Zhang Yue , Lyu Yingmin 
Published: May 2021

Background.
We have previously performed an analysis of the cold-responsive transcriptome in the mature leaves of tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium) by gene co-expression network identification. The results has revealed that a ZFHD gene, notated as encoding zinc finger homeodomain protein, may play an essential regulating role in tiger lily response to cold stress.

Methods.
A further investigation of the ZFHD gene (termed as LlZFHD4) responding to osmotic stresses, including cold, salt, water stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) was performed in this study. Based on the transcriptome sequences, the coding region and 5′ promoter region of LlZFHD4 were cloned from mature tiger lily leaves. Stress response analysis was performed under continuous 4 °C, NaCl, PEG, and ABA treatments. Functional characterization of LlZFHD4 was conducted in transgenic Arabidopsis, tobacco, and yeast.

Results.
LlZFHD4 encodes a nuclear-localized protein consisting of 180 amino acids. The N-terminal region of LlZFHD4 has transcriptional activation activity in yeast. The 4 °C, NaCl, PEG, and ABA treatments induced the expression of LlZFHD4. Several stress- or hormone-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements (T-Box, BoxI. and ARF) and binding sites of transcription factors (MYC, DRE and W-box) were found in the core promoter region (789 bp) of LlZFHD4. Also, the GUS gene driven by LlZFHD4 promoter was up-regulated by cold, NaCl, water stresses, and ABA in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of LlZFHD4 improved cold and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis; higher survival rate and better osmotic adjustment capacity were observed in LlZFHD4 transgenic plants compared to wild type (WT) plants under 4 °C and PEG conditions. However, LlZFHD4 transgenic plants were less tolerant to salinity and more hypersensitive to ABA compared to WT plants. The transcript levels of stress- and ABA-responsive genes were much more up-regulated in LlZFHD4 transgenic Arabidopsis than WT. These results indicate LlZFHD4 is involved in ABA signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in regulating the response of tiger lily to cold, salt and water stresses.
Prevalence of Malaria at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai, India
Authors: Das Rashmita , Patil Shilpa , Balakrishnan Kavita , Bhagat Chaitali , Subramanian Arunagiri , Warke Rajas , Chowdhary Abhay 
Published: May 2021

Background: Malaria is caused by parasites of genus Plasmodium. It remains a major public health concern around the world. Though various diagnostic tools are available, there is an urgent need to use a more sensitive diagnostic method for early diagnosis to prevent unwanted outcomes.
Objectives: (i) To assess the prevalence of malaria in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai (ii) To detect and speciate Plasmodium by Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS), Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and to compare their performance characteristics.
Methodology: A hospital-based diagnostic study was carried over a period of 18 months. A total of 550 non-duplicated blood samples from clinically suspected cases of malaria were collected and subjected to three tests- PBS by Field’s staining, RDT and PCR to detect Plasmodium species. The agreement and the differences between the three tests were analyzed and the statistical significance was assessed using Chi-square test.
Results: Out of the 550 samples, 166 (30.2%) were positive for malaria by either of the three tests, of which 92 (55.42%), 119 (71.69%) and 161 (96.99%) samples were positive by PBS, RDT and PCR, respectively. P. vivax was the predominant Plasmodium species. The most significant finding was PCR detected mixed infections in 8.43% of cases whereas PBS and RDT could detect 0% and 1.20% of mixed infection, respectively. Considering PBS as gold standard, sensitivity of RDT and PCR was 100% and 97.83% and specificity was 94.10% and 84.50% respectively.
Conclusions: In this study, 30% of the population was infected with malaria with P. vivax being the predominant Plasmodium species. PCR helped identify more mono and mixed infections than conventional methods and would be a helpful adjunct for malaria diagnosis in tertiary care setup.
Design and In silico Studies of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Pteridine Reductase 1 Inhibitors
Authors: Phadke Shraddha , Pathak Devender , Somani Rakesh 
Published: May 2021

Aims: Design and in silico studies of 2,5-disubstituted triazole and thiadiazole derivatives as Pteridine Reductase 1 inhibitors. With a view to develop effective agents against Leishmaniasis, 2-substituted-5-[(1H-benzimidazol-2yl) methyl] azole derivatives (A1-A12) were designed against the target enzyme Pteridine reductase 1.
Methodology: The series was designed by targeting Pteridine reductase 1 which is an enzyme responsible for folate and pterin metabolism. Based on thorough study of the enzyme structure and structural features of ligands required for optimum interaction with the enzyme, a series of 12 compounds consisting of 2,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was designed. In silico studies were carried out which included docking studies (using V Life software) to understand binding of the compounds with enzyme PTR1, ADMET studies, drug likeness studies for physicochemical properties and bioactivity studies to understand the possible mechanism of action of the compounds. These studies were undertaken using online softwares, molinspiration and admetSAR web servers.
Results: Compounds A10 and A12 gave the best docking scores of -59.9765 and -60.4373 respectively that were close to dihydrobiopterin (original substrate). All the compounds complied with Lipinski’s rule of five. Most of the compounds displayed favorable ADMET properties.
Conclusion: The 2,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives exhibited good binding affinity for PTR1 enzyme (PDB code: 1E92). The docking scores indicated that enzyme binding may be governed by the nature and size of the substituents on the azole ring. The compounds display well-defined drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties based on Lipinski’s rule of five with additional physicochemical and ADMET parameters. Bioactivity studies suggested the possible drug mechanism as enzyme inhibition. Hence, this study provides evidence for consideration of valuable ligands in 2,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potential pteridine reductase 1 inhibitor and further in vitro and in vivo investigations may prove its therapeutic potential.
Clinical Manifestations and Long‐Term Outcomes of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in North America
Authors: Doubelt Irena , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Chung Sharon A. , Forbess Lindsy J. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol , McAlear Carol A. , Moreland Larry W. , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Specks Ulrich , Spiera Robert F. , Springer Jason M. , Sreih Antoine G. , Warrington Kenneth J. , Merkel Peter A. , Pagnoux Christian ,   the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo describe clinical manifestations and outcomes in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in North America.MethodsAnalysis of patients aged 18 years or older who fulfilled the 1990 American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for EGPA enrolled in the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium from 2003 to 2019. Main clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and accumulated damage were studied.ResultsThe cohort included 354 patients; 59% female; age at diagnosis of 50.0 (±14) years; 39% were antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) positive. Time from diagnosis to last follow‐up was 7.0 (±6.2) years; 49.4% had one or more relapse. Patients positive for ANCA more commonly had neurological and kidney involvement when compared with patients negative for ANCA, who had more cardiac and lung manifestations. At last study visit, only 35 (12.6%) patients had been off all therapy for more than 2 years during their follow‐up. The overall mortality rate was 4.0% and did not differ by ANCA status or cyclophosphamide use. Scores on the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) for 134 patients with two or more visits and more than 1 year of follow‐up increased from 1.7 (±1.8) at enrollment (3.7 [±5.1] years after diagnosis) to 3.35 (±2.1) at last follow‐up (7.5 [±5.8] years after diagnosis), mainly represented by chronic asthma (67.5%), peripheral neuropathy (49.6%), and chronic sinusitis (31.3%). Longer duration of glucocorticoid use and relapse were associated with higher VDI scores.ConclusionThis analysis describes the many clinical manifestations and varied outcomes of EGPA and highlights the ongoing need to attain more sustained, long‐term remission to limit the accrual of disease‐related damage.
Fabrication Method, Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spintronics Devices Based on the Organic‐Based Ferrimagnet Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Bola Jaspal S. , Popli Henna , Stolley Ryan M. , Liu Haoliang , Malissa Hans , Kwon Ohyun , Boehme Christoph , Miller Joel S. , Vardeny Zeev Valy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic‐based magnetic materials have been used for spintronic device applications as electrodes of spin aligned carriers and spin‐pumping substrates. Their advantages over more traditional inorganic magnets include reduced magnetic damping and lower fabrication costs. Vanadium tetracyanoethylene, V[TCNE]x (x ≈ 2), is an organic‐based ferrimagnet with an above room‐temperature magnetic order temperature (Tc ≈ 400 K). V[TCNE]x has deposition flexibility and can be grown on a variety of substrates via low‐temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A systematic study of V[TCNE]x thin‐film CVD parameters to achieve optimal film quality, reproducibility, and excellent magnetic properties is reported. This is assessed by broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) that shows most narrow linewidth of ≈1.5 Gauss and an extremely low Gilbert damping coefficient. The neat V[TCNE]x films are shown to be efficient spin injectors via spin pumping into an adjacent platinum layer. Also, under an optimized FMR linewidth, the V[TCNE]x films exhibit Fano‐type resonance with a continuum broadband absorption in the microwave range, which can be readily tuned by the microwave frequency.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Nanostructures as Multifaceted Electrodes in Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yan Rui , Ma Tian , Cheng Menghao , Tao Xuefeng , Yang Zhao , Ran Fen , Li Shuang , Yin Bo , Cheng Chong , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal‐sulfur batteries (MSBs) are considered up‐and‐coming future‐generation energy storage systems because of their prominent theoretical energy density. However, the practical applications of MSBs are still hampered by several critical challenges, i.e., the shuttle effects, sluggish redox kinetics, and low conductivity of sulfur species. Recently, benefiting from the high surface area, regulated networks, molecular/atomic‐level reactive sites, the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived nanostructures have emerged as efficient and durable multifaceted electrodes in MSBs. Herein, a timely review is presented on recent advancements in designing MOF‐derived electrodes, including fabricating strategies, composition management, topography control, and electrochemical performance assessment. Particularly, the inherent charge transfer, intrinsic polysulfide immobilization, and catalytic conversion on designing and engineering of MOF nanostructures for efficient MSBs are systematically discussed. In the end, the essence of how MOFs’ nanostructures influence their electrochemical properties in MSBs and conclude the future tendencies regarding the construction of MOF‐derived electrodes in MSBs is exposed. It is believed that this progress review will provide significant experimental/theoretical guidance in designing and understanding the MOF‐derived nanostructures as multifaceted electrodes, thus offering promising orientations for the future development of fast‐kinetic and robust MSBs in broad energy fields.
Pd‐Doped Cellulose Carbon Aerogels for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Ramirez Nathalia , Zámbó Dániel , Sardella Fabiana , Kißling Patrick A. , Schlosser Anja , Graf Rebecca T. , Pluta Denis , Deiana Cristina , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to implement a sustainable approach in the development of carbonaceous materials with improved capacitive properties, the development of Pd‐doped cellulose carbon aerogels (CA‐PdX) is presented. Upon introducing Pd nanoparticles to the carbonaceous matrix prior to the gel formation, carbon aerogels with various Pd content are prepared. Physicochemical properties (such as texture, morphology, crystal structure, and surface chemistry) of CA‐PdX are revealed. Additionally, a comparative analysis in their electrochemical properties is performed to shed light on the effect of Pd incorporated into the matrices. It is found that Pd‐doping leads to the significant enhancement of power and energy densities (2.9‐fold and 55‐fold, respectively) compared to those of carbon aerogel without doping (CA‐Blank). The straightforward preparation method as well as the powerful control over the structure and composition pave the way toward the utilization of these hybrid materials in energy storage applications.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Emerging Nano‐ and Microcrystalline Materials
Authors: Zaręba Jan K. , Nyk Marcin , Samoć Marek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe activity in the research on novel optical materials exhibiting nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is surveyed, especially nonlinear absorption, that may be attractive for various applications, including those in optoelectronics, photonics, and biophotonics. The recently introduced concept of “NLO pigments”—insoluble colored materials that can exhibit useful NLO effects—is demonstrated to apply to the multifunctional group of coordination polymers (CPs) and their subgroup of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which may be applied in their microcrystalline form or as nanoparticles. Nanocrystalline materials such as semiconductor quantum dots or plasmonic particles made of noble metals have been widely studied and their properties have been often reviewed, thus they are not included in this review. On the other hand, studies performed on perovskites are described: materials that appear to have great potential for NLO applications in addition to their well‐known merit in photovoltaics. There is also much activity in the field of low‐dimensional, especially 2D structures of various kinds, and this review covers many examples of such structures, not including the broad topic of carbon nanostructures (graphene, nanotubes etc.) but concentrating on other emerging nonlinear optical materials such as black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and topological insulators.
Production of Rainbow Colorants by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Dongsoo , Park Seon Young , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere has been much interest in producing natural colorants to replace synthetic colorants of health concerns. Escherichia coli has been employed to produce natural colorants including carotenoids, indigo, anthocyanins, and violacein. However, production of natural green and navy colorants has not been reported. Many natural products are hydrophobic, which are accumulated inside or on the cell membrane. This causes cell growth limitation and consequently reduces production of target chemicals. Here, integrated membrane engineering strategies are reported for the enhanced production of rainbow colorants—three carotenoids and four violacein derivatives—as representative hydrophobic natural products in E. coli. By integration of systems metabolic engineering, cell morphology engineering, inner‐ and outer‐membrane vesicle formation, and fermentation optimization, production of rainbow colorants are significantly enhanced to 322 mg L–1 of astaxanthin (red), 343 mg L–1 of β‐carotene (orange), 218 mg L–1 of zeaxanthin (yellow), 1.42 g L–1 of proviolacein (green), 0.844 g L–1 of prodeoxyviolacein (blue), 6.19 g L–1 of violacein (navy), and 11.26 g L–1 of deoxyviolacein (purple). The membrane engineering strategies reported here are generally applicable to microbial production of a broader range of hydrophobic natural products, contributing to food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
The Chemistry and Biological Applications of 3H‐Pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinolines and Marinoquinolines
Authors: Dias do Espírito Santo Rafael , Capitão Rebeca Monique , Santos Barbosa Patrícia , Simão dos Santos Eric Francisco , Roque Duarte Correia Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe heterocyclic 3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinoline system and its closely related natural products, the marinoquinolines, have been attracting considerable attention in recent years in view of its interesting chemistry and diverse biological activities. Known since 1924, only in 2006 were the 3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinolines associated with the first marinoquinolines isolated from natural sources. Their architecture and biological activities such as antiplasmodial, anti‐proliferative, anti‐bacterial, antifungal, phosphodiesterase and AChE inhibitors, and as ion‐sensing have stimulated the development of new strategies to obtain the natural marinoquinolines and new 3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinoline derivatives. This review details the recent synthesis and biological evaluation of natural and unnatural marinoquinolines and its 3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]quinoline core.
Selenium Dioxide Promoted α‐Keto N‐Acylation of Sulfoximines Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Baranwal Siddharth , Gupta Surabhi , Kandasamy Jeyakumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA practical method for the synthesis of α‐ketoamides of sulfoximines was developed from NH‐sulfoximines and acetophenones using selenium dioxide as an oxidant. The reactions proceeded under mild conditions in the absence of any additives and provided good to excellent yields of α‐keto‐N‐acylsulfoximines. Moreover, the optimized condition was well‐suited to the task of α‐ketoacylation of sulfoximines with phenylacetaldehyde and arylacetylenes. α‐Hydroxy N‐acylsulfoximines were obtained in good yields from α‐keto N‐acylsulfoximines via reduction or Grignard reactions.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten und stark eutektische Lösungsmittel in der anorganischen Synthese
Authors: Zhang Tao , Doert Thomas , Wang Hui , Zhang Suojiang , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIonische Flüssigkeiten und stark eutektische Lösungsmittel sind für die ressourceneffiziente Synthese anorganischer Materialien von zunehmendem Interesse. Dieser Aufsatz thematisiert die chemischen Reaktionen vielfältiger stark eutektischer Lösungsmittel und verschiedener Typen von ionischen Flüssigkeiten, darunter metallhaltige, [BF4]−‐ oder [PF6]−‐basierte sowie chalkogenhaltige ionische Flüssigkeiten. Dies schließt Beispiele ein, in denen sowohl Kation als auch Anion im Endprodukt enthalten sind. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist, das Bewusstsein für die chemische Reaktivität von ionischen Flüssigkeiten und stark eutektischen Lösungsmitteln zu erhöhen und einen Leitfaden für ihre sachgerechte Anwendung zu etablieren.