bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering large-scale perfused tissues via synthetic 3D soft microfluidics
Authors: Grebenyuk Sergei , Fattah Abdel Rahman Abdel , Rustandi Gregorius , Kumar Manoj , Toprakhisar Burak , Salmon Idris , Verfaillie Catherine , Ranga Adrian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The vascularization of engineered tissues and organoids has remained a major unresolved challenge in regenerative medicine. While multiple approaches have been developed to vascularize in vitro tissues, it has thus far not been possible to generate sufficiently dense networks of small-scale vessels to perfuse large de novo tissues. Here, we achieve the perfusion of multi-mm3 tissue constructs by generating networks of synthetic capillary-scale 3D vessels. Our 3D soft microfluidic strategy is uniquely enabled by a 3D-printable 2-photon-polymerizable hydrogel formulation, which allows for precise microvessel printing at scales below the diffusion limit of living tissues. We demonstrate that these large-scale engineered tissues are viable, proliferative and exhibit complex morphogenesis during long-term in-vitro culture, while avoiding hypoxia and necrosis. We show by scRNAseq and immunohistochemistry that neural differentiation is significantly accelerated in perfused neural constructs. Additionally, we illustrate the versatility of this platform by demonstrating long-term perfusion of developing liver tissue. This fully synthetic vascularization platform opens the door to the generation of human tissue models at unprecedented scale and complexity.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Menza Timothy William , Capizzi Jeff , Zlot Amy , Barber Michelle , Bush Lea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for severe COVID-19 and are a priority population for COVID-19 vaccination. As of June 15, 2021, 61.5% of PLWH in Oregon received ≥ 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose. Younger PLWH, Hispanic/Latinx PLWH and PLWH who inject drugs or reside in rural and frontier areas had low vaccine uptake while PLWH who were engaged in care, enrolled in the AIDS Drug Assistance Program, and vaccinated against influenza had high vaccine uptake. Greater advocacy, education, and care navigation are required to increase COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake among PLWH.
Investigation on the Cutting Mechanism of Al/SiCp Composites in Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Machining
Authors: Chen Wenxiang , Zhang Xu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based silicon carbide (SiC) material composites are considered as difficult-to-machine materials because of the presence of hard reinforced SiC particles, which results in a greater cutting force and poor surface integrity during the machining process. This paper uses two finite element models to study the difference in the machining mechanism between ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) and ordinary cutting (OC). Moreover, this paper mainly focuses on the influence of UEVC on cutting force, von Mises stress distribution, surface integrity, and chip formation. The models are validated by comparing chip shapes and machined surface features in OC machining Al/SiCp experience from the literature. Simulation results indicate that the cutting mechanism of Al/SiCp on UEVC is different from that of OC and has several good properties. At the same cutting parameters, high frequency vibration makes the cutting force of UEVC exhibit variable periodicity and reduces average cutting force. The instantaneous impact of tool and fast separation results in a more concentrated von Mises stress distribution, thereby resulting in the particles having a greater break degree than that obtained with OC. A comparison of the surface roughness values from the simulation result shows that UEVC obtains better surface integrity than OC does.
Preoperative Tumor Abnormal Protein as a Promising Biomarker to Predict Oncological Outcome of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Cai Huayong , Li Wenxin , Zhang Yu , Hua Xiangdong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: TAP (tumor abnormal protein) has been used as an important indicator in the early diagnosis of cancers, and some literatures showed that TAP can act as a prognostic factor in different kinds of cancer. The objective of this study was to explore the potential relationship between TAP and the prognosis of HCC after radical hepatectomy, and attempted to construct a robustly predictive nomogram on the strength of TAP and other prognostic variables of HCC patients.Methods: This retrospective study included 168 HCC patients (tumor recurrence occurred in 78 patients) who had undergone curative resection during January 2018 to June 2020 at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery of Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute. Serum TAP was detected by Abnormal Sugar Chain Structure of Glycoproteins, and according to the area of condensation particle, the whole population was categorized into the TAP high group (TAP≥225μm2) and TAP low group (TAP<225μm2).Results: There was no correlation between maximum tumor size and TAP. In the whole population or subgroups stratified by maximum tumor size, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate of the TAP low group was distinctly higher than TAP high group (P<0.05 for all). The multivariate analysis revealed that TAP (hazard ratio [HR], 3.47; 95% CI, 2.18-5.51; P<0.001), large tumor size (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.36-3.49; P<0.001), poor tumor differentiation (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.84; P=0.007) and presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.28-3.22; P=0.003) were independently associated with RFS. The prognostic implication of nomogram incorporating TAP, maximun tumor diameter, tumor differentiation and MVI was stronger than the model that integrated maximun tumor diameter, degree of tumor differentiation and MVI only.Conclusion: The present study suggested that higher preoperative TAP was correlated with undesirable prognosis in HCC patients who had undergone radical hepatectomy,and on the strength of prognostic variables identified by multivariate analysis, we constructed a robust nomogram for RFS of postoperative HCC patients.
Quantitative Mismatch Between Empirical Temperature-Size Rule Slopes and Predictions Based on Oxygen Limitation
Authors: Einum Sigurd , Bech Claus , Kielland Øystein Nordeide 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In ectotherms, adult body size commonly declines with increasing environmental temperature, a pattern known as the temperature-size rule. One influential hypothesis explaining this observation is that the challenge of obtaining sufficient oxygen to support metabolism becomes greater with increasing body size, and more so at high temperatures. Yet, previous models based on this hypothesis do not account for phenotypic plasticity in the physiology of organisms that counteracts oxygen limitation at high temperature. Here, we model the predicted strength of the temperature-size response using estimates of how both the oxygen supply and demand is affected by temperature when allowing for phenotypic plasticity in the aquatic ectotherm Daphnia magna. Our predictions remain highly inconsistent with empirical temperature-size responses, with the prior being close to one order of magnitude stronger than the latter. These results fail to provide quantitative support for the hypothesis that oxygen limitation drives temperature-size clines in aquatic ectotherms. Future studies into the role of oxygen limitation should address how the strength of the temperature-size response may be shaped by evolution under fluctuating temperature regimes. Finally, our results caution against applying deterministic models based on the oxygen limitation hypothesis when predicting future changes in ectotherm size distributions under climate change.
An evaluation of the efficacy of a four-grade fat infiltration classification method, presented for the first time in literature
Authors: Yazici Alikemal , Yerlikaya Tuba , Oniz Adile 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a semi-quantitative simplified 4-grade fat infiltration measurement system, described for the first time in literature, through comparison with the existing simplified 3-grade fat infiltration system in the prediction of lumbar disc herniation.Material and MethodThe study included 39 lumbar disc herniation patients (LDH) and 38 healthy subjects (control), comprising 33 (42.9%) males and 44 (57.1%) females with a mean age of 37 ± 11.3 years (range, 20–64 years). The patients were evaluated in respect of fat infiltration of the right and left lumbar multifidus and erector spina muscles on axial magnetic resonance imaging slices passing through the centre of the disc at L3-S1 level using the 3 and 4-grade fat infiltration measurement systems. The results were compared and the correlations of the results of the two systems with lumbar disc herniation were examined.ResultsThe 3-grade fat infiltration system was found to be insufficient in the prediction of lumbar disc herniation (p > 0.05) and the 4-grade fat infiltration system was determined to be effective in the prediction of lumbar disc herniation (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe 4-grade fat infiltration system was seen to be more effective than the 3-grade fat infiltration system in the determination of the level of fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscles and the prediction of lumbar disc herniation. The 4-grade fat infiltration system is an effective semi-quantitative grading system which can be used instead of the simplified 3-grade system.
Double Electron Spin Resonance of Engineered Atomic Structures on a Surface
Authors: Phark Soo-Hyon , Chen Yi , Wolf Christoph , Bui Hong , Wang Yu , Haze Masahiro , Kim Jinkyung , Lutz Christopher , Heinrich Andreas , Bae Yujeong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Atomic-scale control of multiple spins with individual addressability enables the bottom-up design of functional quantum devices. Tailored nanostructures can be built with atomic precision using scanning tunneling microscopes, but quantum-coherent driving has thus far been limited to a spin in the tunnel junction. Here we show the ability to drive and detect the spin resonance of a remote spin using the electric field from the tip and a single-atom magnet placed nearby. Read-out was achieved via a weakly coupled second spin in the tunnel junction that acted as a quantum sensor. We simultaneously and independently drove the sensor and remote spins by two radio frequency voltages in double resonance experiments, which provides a path to quantum-coherent multi-spin manipulation in customized spin structures on surfaces. One-Sentence Summary: Using a scanning tunneling microscope, we simultaneously control two spins using one tip, paving the way for multi-spin-qubit operations on surfaces.
Quantitative Modeling of Carcinogenesis Induced By Single Beams Or Mixtures of Space Radiations Using Targeted And Non-Targeted Effects
Authors: Shuryak Igor , Sachs Rainer K. , Brenner David J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ionizing radiations encountered by astronauts on deep space missions produce biological damage by two main mechanisms: (1) Targeted effects (TE) due to direct traversals of cells by ionizing tracks. (2) Non-targeted effects (NTE) caused by release of signals from directly hit cells. The combination of these mechanisms generates non-linear dose response shapes, which need to be modeled quantitatively to predict health risks from space exploration. Here we used a TE+NTE model to analyze data on APC(1638N/+) mouse tumorigenesis induced by space-relevant doses of protons, 4He, 12C, 16O, 28Si or 56Fe ions, or γ rays. A customized weighted Negative Binomial distribution was used to describe the radiation type- and dose-dependent data variability. This approach allowed detailed quantification of dose-response shapes, NTE- and TE-related model parameters, and radiation quality metrics (relative biological effectiveness, RBE, and radiation effects ratio, RER, relative to γ rays) for each radiation type. Based on the modeled responses for each radiation type, we predicted the tumor yield for a Mars-mission-relevant mixture of these radiations, using the recently-developed incremental effect additivity (IEA) synergy theory. The proposed modeling approach can enhance current knowledge about quantification of space radiation quality effects, dose response shapes, and ultimately the health risks for astronauts.
A Prospective Comparison of [18F]FAPI-42 and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Patients With Various Cancers
Authors: Hu Kongzhen , Wang Lijuan , Wu Hubing , Huang Shun , Tian Ying , Wang Qiaoyu , Xiao Caixia , Han Yanjiang , Tang Ganghua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: [18F]FAPI-42 is a new fibroblast activation protein (FAP) specific tracer used for cancer imaging. Here, we describe the in vivo evaluation of [18F]FAPI-42 and compared intra-individual biodistribution, tumor uptake, and detection ability to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04.Methods: A total of 22 patients with various types of cancer received [18F]FAPI-42 whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Among them, 4 patients underwent PET/CT scans, including an early dynamic 20-min, static 1-hour and static 2-hours. The in vivo biodistribution in normal organs and tumor uptake were semi-quantitatively evaluated using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Furthermore, both [18F]FAPI-42 and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT were performed in 12 patients to compare biodistribution, tumor uptake, and tumor detection ability.Results: [18F]FAPI-42 uptake in the tumors was rapid and reached a high level with an average SUVmax of 15.8 at 18 minutes, which stayed at a similarly high level to 2 hours. The optimal image acquisition time for [18F]FAPI-42 was determined to be 1 hour post injection. Compared to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, [18F]FAPI-42 had a higher uptake in the parotid, salivary gland, thyroid, and pancreas (P < 0.05). For tumor detection, [18F]FAPI-42 had a high uptake and could be clearly visualized in the lesions. [18F]FAPI-42 and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 showed the same detectability for 144 positive lesions. In addition, [18F]FAPI-42 had a higher SUVmax in liver and bone lesions (P < 0.05) and higher TBRs in liver, bone, lymph node, pleura and peritonea lesions (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that [18F]FAPI-42 is a good tracer for imaging malignant tumors and exhibited comparable lesion detectability to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. The 1-hour scan is an appropriate time for tumor detection and is superior to the early 10-min scan for the detection of small lesions.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045757)
The glass transition and the non-Arrhenian viscosity of carbonate melts
Authors: Dingwell Donald B. , Hess Kai-Uwe , Wilding Martin C. , Brooker Richard A. , Di Genova Danilo , Drewitt James W.E. , Wilson Mark , Weidendorfer Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report the first calorimetric observation of the glass transition for a carbonate melt. A carbonate glass [55K2CO3–45MgCO3 (molar)] was quenched from 780 °C at 0.1 GPa. The activation energy of structural relaxation close to the glass transition was derived through a series of thermal treatments comprising excursions across the glass transition at different heating rates. Viscosities just above the glass transition temperature were obtained by applying a shift factor to the calorimetric results. These viscosity measurements (in the range of 109 Pa·s) at supercooled temperatures (ca. 230 °C) dramatically extend the temperature range of data for carbonates, which were previously restricted to super-liquidus viscosities well below 1 Pa·s. Combining our calorimetrically derived results with published alkaline-earth carbonate melt viscosities at high temperatures yields a highly non-Arrhenian viscosity-temperature relationship and confirms that carbonate liquids are “fragile.” Based on simulations, fragile behavior is also exhibited by Na2CO3 melt. In both cases, the fragility presumably relates to the formation of temperature-dependent low-dimensional structures and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) curves adequately describe the viscosity-temperature relationships of carbonate melts below 1000 °C.
Tylenol® and Aspirin® as Green Promoters for Ipso-Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Kwon Gyu-Tae , Kim Seung-Hoi 
Published: September 2021

:We explored the most expedient pathway for phenolic compound preparation using a combination of arylboronic acids, a green oxidant (H2O2) and a catalytic amount of readily available medicinal materials (TYLENOL® and ASPIRIN®). The arylboronic acids were successfully transformed into the corresponding phenols in high yields under metal- and base-free aqueous aerobic conditions. We demonstrated that enhanced availability and sustainability are some advantages associated with the use of medicinal supports.
Predictors of Avascular Necrosis in a Cohort of Egyptian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Retrospective Two Centers Study
Authors: Moghazy Abdelkawy A. , Ibrahim Amira M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Avascular necrosis is a common complication in patients with SLE.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of avascular necrosis
among SLE patients receiving steroid therapy at various doses in combination with immunosuppressants.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, the medical records of all SLE patients under follow-up at the
outpatient clinics of Cairo and Kafr Elsheikh University hospitals through the period from November
2014 to August 2019 were included. Avascular necrosis was diagnosed by the findings of different
imaging modalities.

Results:
We retrieved the medical records of 770 SLE patients during the study period; of them, 55
patients (7.1%) had avascular necrosis. There was significant higher usage of cyclophosphamide (p
= 0.003), total cumulative dose of steroids 15-35g plus immunosuppressants (p < 0.001), and
steroids >35g plus immunosuppressants (p = 0.016) in the avascular necrosis cohort. Based on the
univariate analysis, disease duration of more than five years and cumulative use of steroids were
statistically significant predictors for the evolvement of avascular necrosis. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis revealed that a disease duration of more than five years was associated independently
with avascular necrosis.

Conclusion:
Our data seem to show a role of the association of immunosuppressants plus steroids
in the risk of developing avascular necrosis.
Metallodrugs as Anticancer Chemotherapeutics and Diagnostic Agents: A
Critical Patent Review (2010-2020)
Authors: Ronconi Luca , Fotopoulou Eirini , Titilas Ioannis 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The development of metallodrugs with potential applications in cancer
treatment and diagnosis has been a hot topic since the approval and subsequent marketing of the anticancer
drug cisplatin in 1978. Since then, thousands of metal-based derivatives have been reported
and evaluated for their chemotherapeutic or tumor imaging properties, but only a very limited
number gained clinical status. Nonetheless, research in the field has been increasing exponentially
over the years, especially in a view to exploiting novel drug designing approaches and strategies
aimed at improving pharmacological outcomes and, at the same time, reducing side-effects.

Objective:
This review article reports on the patents filed during the last decade and strictly focusing
on the development of metal-based anticancer and diagnostic agents. The goal is to identify the
latest trends and designing strategies in the field, which would represent a valuable starting point to
researchers interested in the development of metallodrugs.

Methods:
The most relevant patents filed in the 2010-2020 timeframe have been retrieved from
various databases using dedicated search engines (such as SciFinder, Google Patents, PatentPak,
Espacenet, Global Dossier, PatentScope), sorted by type of metallodrug and screened to include
those reporting a substantial amount of biological data.

Results :
The majority of patents here reviewed are concerned with metallodrugs (mostly platinum-
based) showing interesting pharmacological properties but no specific tumor-targeting features.
Nonetheless, some promising trends in the development of novel drug delivery strategies
and/or metallodrugs with potential applications in targeted chemotherapy are envisaged.

Conclusion:
In this review, the latest trends in the development of metallodrugs from recent patents
are summarized and critically discussed. Such trends would be of interest not only to the scientific
community but also to lay audiences aiming to broaden their knowledge of the field and industrial
stakeholders potentially interested in the exploitation and commercialization of this class
of pharmaceuticals.
Targeting cAMP-pathway in Regeneration-competent Cells of Nervous Tissue: Potential to Create a Novel Drug for Treatment of Ethanol-induced
Neurodegeneration
Authors: Zyuz’kov Gleb Nikolaevich , Arkad`evna Larisa , Polykova Tatyana Yur`evna , Simanina Elena Vladislavovna , Stavrova Larisa Alexandrovna 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Existing neuroprotective drugs are not effective enough to treat alcoholic
encephalopathy. This makes the development of novel pharmacological approaches to treating patients
with ethanol-induced neurodegeneration(EIN) relevant. Therefore, the search for new targets
among intracellular signaling molecules of regeneration-competent cells of nervous tissue is
promising.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) in the realization of the functions of nervous tissue progenitors
and glial cells in EIN.

Methods:
Experiments were conducted on mice of C57B1/6. EIN was modeled in vitro and in vivo.
The effects of the adenylate cyclase (AC) and PKA inhibitors on the colony-forming capacity
of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP), their proliferative activity,
and intensity of specialization were investigated. The secretion of neurotrophins by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,
and microglial cells was also evaluated. Individual fractions of cells were obtained
using the immunomagnetic separation method.

Results:
The cAMP/PKA signaling is shown to stimulate the proliferation of the NSC and inhibit
the mitotic activity of the NCP under the conditions of their optimal vital activity. cAMP reduces
the specialization intensity of both types of progenitors. EIN leads to the inversion of the role of
the cAMP/PKA-pathway in the regulation of NSC functions. cAMP-pathway has varying influences
on the secretion of neurotrophic growth factors by glial cells depending on their living conditions.
AC blockage stimulates the realization of the NSC and NCP growth potential and production
of neurotrophins by astrocytes and microglial cells in EIN.

Conclusion:
These findings show the potential for the use of AC inhibitors as novel effective
drugs for the therapy of alcoholic encephalopathy.