bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic and anti-excitotoxic effects of selected plant and algal extracts using COMET and cell viability assays
Authors: Aldbass Abeer , Amina Musarat , Al Musayeib Nawal M. , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Al-Rashed Sara , Marraiki Najat , Fahmy Rania , El-Ansary Afaf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExcess glutamate in the central nervous system may be a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases with gradual loss and dysfunction of neurons. Primary or secondary metabolites from medicinal plants and algae show potential for treatment of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Three plant extracts were evaluated for impact on glutamate excitotoxicity-induced in primary cultures of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). These cells were treated separately in seven groups: control; Plicosepalus. curviflorus treated; Saussurea lappa treated; Cladophora glomerate treated. Cells were treated independently with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/ml of extracts of plant or alga material, respectively, for 2 h. Glutamate-treated cells (48 h with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µM glutamate); and P. curviflorus/glutamate; S. lappa/glutamate; C. glomerata/glutamate [pretreatment with extract for 2 h (50 and 100 µg/ml) before glutamate treatment with 100 µM for 48 h]. Comet and MTT assays were used to assess cell damage and cell viability. The number of viable cells fell significantly after glutamate exposure. Exposure to plant extracts caused no notable effect of viability. All tested plants extracts showed a protective effect against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. Use of these extracts for neurological conditions related to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress might prove beneficial.
High-fidelity transmission of high-frequency burst stimuli from peripheral nerve to thalamic nuclei in children with dystonia
Authors: Hernandez-Martin Estefanía , Arguelles Enrique , Zheng Yifei , Deshpande Ruta , Sanger Terence D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation has emerged as a noninvasive alternative to thalamic deep brain stimulation for some patients with essential tremor. It is not known whether such techniques might be effective for movement disorders in children, nor is the mechanism and transmission of the peripheral stimuli to central brain structures understood. This study was designed to investigate the fidelity of transmission from peripheral nerves to thalamic nuclei in children with dystonia undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. The ventralis intermediate (VIM) thalamus nuclei showed a robust evoked response to peripheral high-frequency burst stimulation, with a greatest response magnitude to intra-burst frequencies between 50 and 100 Hz, and reliable but smaller responses up to 170 Hz. The earliest response occurred at 12–15 ms following stimulation onset, suggesting rapid high-fidelity transmission between peripheral nerve and thalamic nuclei. A high-bandwidth, low-latency transmission path from peripheral nerve to VIM thalamus is consistent with the importance of rapid and accurate sensory information for the control of coordination and movement via the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. Our results suggest the possibility of non-invasive modulation of thalamic activity in children with dystonia, and therefore the possibility that a subset of children could have beneficial clinical response without the need for invasive deep brain stimulation.
Naturally occurring layered mineral franckeite with anisotropic Raman scattering and third-harmonic generation responses
Authors: Tripathi Ravi P. N. , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVertically stacked van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have introduced a unique way to engineer optical and electronic responses in multifunctional photonic and quantum devices. However, the technical challenges associated with the artificially fabricated vertical heterostructures have emerged as a bottleneck to restrict their proficient utilization, which emphasizes the necessity of exploring naturally occurring vdW heterostructures. As one type of naturally occurring vdW heterostructures, franckeite has recently attracted significant interest in optoelectronic applications, but the understanding of light–matter interactions in such layered mineral is still very limited especially in the nonlinear optical regime. Herein, the anisotropic Raman scattering and third-harmonic generation (THG) from mechanically exfoliated franckeite thin flakes are investigated. The observed highly anisotropic Raman modes and THG emission patterns originate from the low-symmetry crystal structure of franckeite induced by the lattice incommensurability between two constituent stacked layers. The thickness-dependent anisotropic THG response is further analyzed to retrieve the third-order nonlinear susceptibility for franckeite crystal. The results discussed herein not only provide new insights in engineering the nonlinear light–matter interactions in natural vdW heterostructures, but also develop a testbed for designing future miniaturized quantum photonics devices and circuits based on such heterostructures.
Modulating skin colour: role of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in regulating melanogenesis
Authors: Lu Yaoying , F. Tonissen Kathryn , Di Trapani Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Different skin colour among individuals is determined by the varying amount and types of melanin pigment. Melanin is produced in melanocytes, a type of dendritic cell located in the basal layer of the epidermis, through the process of melanogenesis. Melanogenesis consists of a series of biochemical and enzymatic reactions catalysed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins, leading to the formation of two types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin. Melanogenesis can be regulated intrinsically by several signalling pathways, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit and wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signalling pathways. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major extrinsic factor in the regulation of melanogenesis, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants or antioxidant systems, with the ability to scavenge ROS, may decrease melanogenesis. This review focuses on the two main cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, and discusses their roles in melanogenesis. In the Trx system, high levels/activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are correlated with melanin formation. The GSH system is linked with regulating pheomelanin formation. Exogenous addition of GSH has been shown to act as a depigmenting agent, suggesting that other antioxidants may also have the potential to act as depigmenting agents for the treatment of human hyperpigmentation disorders.
Eintrübung von Intraokularlinsen
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Spektrum an Komplikationen und die Explantationsgründe bei der Verwendung von
Intraokularlinsen (IOL) haben sich durch die Weiterentwicklung der
Kataraktchirurgie verändert. Eintrübungen des Materials beeinflussen dabei
unterschiedlich stark die optische Qualität. Im Fall einer störenden Eintrübung
des Materials ist auch heute noch – trotz aller Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der
IOL-Materialien – ein Austausch der IOL die einzige Behandlungsoption.
Perinatalmedizin – ein weibliches Fach wird „weiblicher“
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: April 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,mit diesem Heft der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) gilt es eine erfreuliche Erweiterung im Bereich der Beiräte bekanntzugeben: Neu zum wissenschaftlichen Beirat Geburtshilfe sind Frau PD Dr. Tanja Groten aus Jena und Frau Prof. Dr. Ute Schäfer-Graf aus Berlin hinzugekommen. Neu für den wissenschaftlichen Beirat Neonatologie konnten Frau Prof. Dr. Ursula Felderhoff-Müser aus Essen und Frau PD Dr. Angela Kribs aus Köln sowie Herr Prof. Dr. Michael Zemlin aus Homburg an der Saar gewonnen werden. Darüber hinaus wurde der aktuellen Akademisierung des Hebammenberufs Rechnung getragen, indem die bisher schon vertretenen Hebammen weitere Verstärkung erhalten haben: Im Beirat Hebammenwissenschaft werden künftig auch Herr Prof. Dr. Harald Abele aus Tübingen und Frau Prof. Dr. Anke Diemert aus Hamburg mitarbeiten – letztere ist unserer Zeitschrift noch von ihrer Zeit als „Assistant Editor“ der ZGN verbunden.
Right Trigonal Cavernoma with Cysts and Superficial Siderosis
Authors: Niti Dinesh , Nagarajan Krishnan , Kumari Mani Manoranjitha , Balla Lalith Kumar , Chauhan Sushila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeriventricular cavernomas presenting with hydrocephalus and superficial siderosis are uncommon lesions. We report a rare case of one such periventricular cavernoma located in the peritrigonal location of the right lateral ventricle in a 26-year-old male who presented with progressive headache for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneous lesion with “blooming” on susceptibility-weighted imaging and superficial siderosis due to repeated microhemorrhages. The lesion was resected and found histopathologically to be cavernoma. We present this uncommon lesion with a review of the literature.
Pectobacterium brasiliense (soft rot and blackleg of ornamentals and potato).
Authors: Joshi Janak Raj , Zeng Yuan , Charkowski Amy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pectobacterium brasiliense is a bacterial pathogen primarily of potato and other vegetables and ornamentals. The earliest reports of the bacterium causing disease were from Brazil in 2004 (El-Tassa and Duarte, 2004). This pathogen was reported for the first time in Europe (Belgium) in 2012 (van der Wolf et al., 2017). Since then, the pathogen has been reported in many regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America. The bacterium has adapted itself to a wide range of temperatures and host species, thus it is considered a culprit for significant losses in China, South Africa, Brazil, Netherlands, Switzerland and UK (Meng et al., 2017; van der Wolf et al., 2017). Symptoms caused by P. brasiliense are indistinguishable from other soft rot Pectobacterium and Dickeya, therefore it is impossible to identify this species on the basis of field and laboratory symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no evidence of curative measures and varietal resistance (in cultivated potatoes) against this group of bacteria, so farmers rely on seed certification, exclusion and sanitation to mitigate its worst effects.
Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly).
Authors: Meats Alan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

B. tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is the most costly horticultural pest in Australia and has invaded several countries in the surrounding region (White and Elson-Harris, 1994). It has the potential to spread to many places around the world because of its wide climatic and host range (Meats 1989b; Sutherst et al., 2000) and a tendency to be carried by human travellers at the larval stage inside infested fruit. B. tryoni is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruits throughout its range. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit.
Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips).
Authors: Reitz Stuart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Since the 1970s Frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread of the species throughout the world (Kirk and Terry, 2003; Reitz et al., 2020). Individuals are very small and they reside in concealed places on plants; thus are easily hidden and hard to detect in transported plant material. They reproduce rapidly and are highly polyphagous, breeding on many horticultural crops that are transported around the world. F. occidentalis is species no. 177 on the list of A2 pests regulated as quarantine pests in the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) region (version 2005-09). It has now reached many countries, and remains a serious threat to crops in those countries that it has not yet reached.
Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)).
Authors: Harrison Nigel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Atlantic tall, the most prevalent coconut ecotype throughout the Caribbean region and Atlantic coast of the Americas (Harries, 1978a), is highly susceptible to LY disease. During the past three decades, at least 50% of Florida's estimated one million coconut palms and over 80% of Jamaica's five million coconut palms have been eliminated by LY (McCoy et al., 1983). Similar epidemic losses of coconut to LY continued along the Atlantic coasts of southern Mexico and Honduras (Oropeza and Zizumbo, 1997). Although rarely affecting palms less than 5 years old, the disease prevents any re-establishment of highly susceptible coconut ecotypes in LY-endemic locations such as Florida and Jamaica.
Rapid, wide-field, high quality laser speckle angiography for retinal and choroidal vessels
Authors: Feng Ximeng , Zou Da , Hu Yicheng , Huang Zhiyu , Gu Zheng , Zhou Cuanqing , Liu Gangjun , Ren Qiushi , Lu Yanye 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging has been widely used for quantifying blood perfusion. In this letter, we propose a rapid, wide-field laser speckle angiography technique for noninvasive imaging of retinal and choroidal vessels. The field of view (FOV) reaches ∼50∘ while the acquisition time was less than 1 s. Larger FOV (∼90∘) can be further improved by mosaicking. The results were comparatively studied with optical coherence tomography angiography and fundus fluorescence angiography. The low-cost technology can obtain wide-field fundus vascular and perfusion images less than 1 s. This technology is more suitable for optic disc and choroidal vasculature imaging. In addition, blood flow dynamic information such as pulsation can be provided by this technique.
Comparison second order versus zero order boundary element method for tomography imaging
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Sikora J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article a new version of the algorithm for Electrical Impedance Tomography is presented. By describing the problem with differential equations brought to integral equations the inverse problem for tomography has been defined. This algorithm can be used for many types of nonclassical tomography. This approach is particularly useful where it is not possible to formulate accurately the boundary conditions at the outer boundary of the region. The influence of the order of BEM effect on precision of imaging was shown.
Image reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography using a reconfigurable FPGA system
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Kosior A , Tchórzewski P , Vejar A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A networked tomographic data acquisition device architectured with FPGA is developed to provide remotely-reconfigurable waveform functions for emission of excitation signals. The purpose of the device is to explore online data acquisition techniques for medical applications. Dedicated electrodes for excitation and sensing were selected for the electrical perturbation of the media under study. This device precisely controls input and acquire output in synchrony. The envisaged use is particularly the exploitation of signal modulation to achieve selective response levels in live tissue. In this work we study the acquired data, simulate the measuring scheme selected for electrical perturbation using the finite element method, and estimate the impedance image of the media.
A Preliminary Study For Initial 1-D Velocity Model in The Banggai’s Tectonic System
Authors: Simanjuntak Andrean V H , Sihotang Noviana , Kuncoro Djati Cipto , Irwandi I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
After Palu Earthquake that occurred on September 2018, another moderate earthquake on April 2019 with 6.8 Moment Magnitude (Mw) at a depth of 17 km occured in Banggai Islands. The earthquake occurred on the shallow depth that generated by an active fault with horizontal mechanism on the Banggai’s tectonic system. To explain the tectonic system in the Banggai Islands, we present a well-calculated 1-D velocity model by solving the coupled hypocentre-velocity inversion for 385 local earthquakes that recorded by BMKG regional network. The earthquakes was selected based on azimuthal gap, minimum number of stations and root mean square of travel‐time residuals. Technically, the fit solution are simultaneously inverted for total 81 inital models and will give an unique final model. The model is constructed by using Velest program that analyse the fit velocity model from body wave traveltimes (P and S wave), together with station corrections. The final 1-D velocity model will be very useful to conduct another high precision relative relocation and make a focal mechanism inversion.
Breakdown voltages of cryogenic gaseous helium and in liquid helium
Authors: Shigematsu Toshinobu , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Ono Bunji , Kawae Tatsuya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As practical applications of superconductivity have been made in electric power engineering, the breakdown voltage superconductor coolants, such as liquid helium or supercritical helium, have been needed intensively. Furthermore, in our discharge experiment in liquid helium to search for a novel carbon nanotube structure, it was predicted that the breakdown voltage was much higher. So, using the metal spherical electrodes, d.c. breakdown voltages in 4.2K gaseous helium (just above the liquid helium) and in liquid helium have been measured. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that the value is several times larger. Moreover, it found that there was no difference in the discharge phenomenon before and after the superfluid transition temperature.
Analytical and experimental study on the feasibility of rotor cooling with thin gas for fully superconducting rotating machines
Authors: Kato M , Terao Y , Ohsaki H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rotor cooling with thin gas in air gap was considered for fully superconducting rotating machines. This does not require designing coolant channels in the rotor, so the rotor structure can be simplified. The aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of this cooling system with thin gas. In this paper, at first, steady state thermal analysis with the finite element analysis software COMSOL® was conducted to investigate whether it would be possible to observe cooling characteristics of thin gas in our experiment. The analytical result suggests an enhancement of cooling due to convection can be observed in an experiment with liquid-nitrogen cooling by increasing helium gas pressures to 5000 Pa and above. Then an experiment device including a helium gas vessel was fabricated and an experiment without rotation was performed. The temperature of the rotor which was in the vessel cooled by liquid nitrogen was apparently decreasing after feeding helium gas. Therefore, it was confirmed that the rotor was cooled by heat conduction through the helium gas. In the future, to verify whether rotor cooling with thin gas is enhanced by convection, the experiment will be conducted at various rotational speeds and pressures of helium gas.
Investigation of the Cu based binary alloys and the internal matrix reinforcement bronze processed Nb3Sn wires
Authors: Hishinuma Yoshimitsu , Taniguchi Hiroyasu , Mizuta Taiji , Mizuta Yasunari , Kikuchi Akihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mechanical strength improvement on Nb3Sn wire is the most important research subject to realize high field magnet applications operated under higher electromagnetic force environment. Recently, we approached to the internal matrix reinforcement technique due to the solid solution mechanism using ternary bronze alloy matrix on the bronze processed Nb3Sn wire. In this study, the effect of the solute element on the mechanical property of the matrix after Nb3Sn synthesis heat treatment was evaluated. Several Cu based binary alloys were casted, and these alloys were sintered in order to demonstrate the matrix after Nb3Sn synthesis. We confirmed that the both 0.2% proof stress and ultimate tensile stress of the Cu-In alloy was higher than those of the pure Cu and Cu-Zn alloy. The mechanical strength improvement due to the internal matrix reinforcement using Cu-Sn-In ternary alloy matrix was caused by (Cu, In) solid solution formation. The comparisons of mechanical property between several Cu alloys were also investigated for the further mechanical strength improvement.
Analysis of Aggregate Production Planning Problem with Goal Programming Model
Authors: Tyas P K A , Bakhtiar T , Silalahi B P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aggregate production planning is medium range planning (3-18 months) that determines production quantities, production time management, and resources management. In the real world, companies that faced this problem usually want to optimize some objective functions that conflict each other. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to reconstruct goal programming model and to solve multiobjective aggregate production planning problem. Also, to obtain numerical solutions of production planning scenarios and weights of goal programming objective function. The model is followed by the constraint of raw material capacity, workforce level, storage space, and production capacity. The proposed planning period is six months with four objective functions to maximize profit, minimize inventory cost, minimize subcontract cost, and minimize workforce changes cost. A set of hypothetical data is used to test the validity of the proposed model with several different scenarios. The result for each scenario has been fulfilled the company’s requirement and objectives. It described through monthly quantity and mechanism of the production planning. For in-depth analysis, the effect of different weighting on target’s achievement is evaluated with 24 combinations of case.
Probabilistic population projections for provincial levels in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan B , Sukamdi  , Listyaningsih U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research aims to produce a probabilistic population projection for the provincial level in Indonesia. The base population uses the base population used by Bappenas, BPS, and UNFPA Indonesia in compiling the 2015-2045 Indonesian official population projection. One thousand trajectories of future E0 values are projected using JPP with Asian countries as the prior distribution, while 1,000 trajectories of future TFR values are projected using BHM-based projections with Asian countries as the prior distribution. Meanwhile, the number and pattern of net internal migration are assumed to be constant during the projection period. The calculation process uses the bayesPop package in R software. The projection results show that the total population of the official projection is located at the predicted interval of the Bayesian population projection, except for the Kepulauan Riau.