bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of biogas production on the organic carbon input to the soil of Dutch dairy farms: A substance flow analysis
Authors: Hoang Dieu Linh , Wiersema Brienne , Moll Henri C. , Nonhebel Sanderine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of Dutch dairy manure for biogas production is expected to increase from 10% in 2020 to 60% in 2030. Traditionally, manure is returned to fields as a source of nutrients and organic carbon. Since a share of manure carbon is converted into biogas, this practice impacts the organic carbon input to soil (OCIS) of the dairy farms. The magnitude of the impact depends on the magnitude of the other sources of organic carbon. This impact is not considered by current advocates for large‐scale use of dairy manure for biogas while understanding it is essential because of the risk of decreasing carbon soil input. Therefore, a study of carbon flows of dairy farms that eventually contribute to the OCIS is required. In this paper, we use substance flow analysis to quantify the carbon flows on different Dutch dairy farms and investigate the impact of using manure for biogas production to their OCIS (kgC/year/ha). The farms differ in farming practices such as whether cows are grazed outside or not. The results show that about 40% of OCIS of a Dutch dairy farm comes from manure and the rest comes from its crop production. The organic carbon from manure to the soil is also limited by the need to export manure due to the Dutch nutrient regulations. The overall reduction in OCIS caused by biogas production is 10%–20%. The impact is largest in farms with no grazing. These findings provide insights into the possible trade‐offs of using manure for biogas production.
ENETS standardized (synoptic) reporting for radiological imaging in neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Dromain Clarisse , Vullierme Marie‐Pierre , Hicks Rodney J. , Prasad Vikas , O’Toole Dermot , de Herder Wouter W. , Pavel Marianne , Faggiano Antongiulio , Kos‐Kudla Beata , Öberg Kjell , Krejs Guenter J. , Grande Enrique , Niederle Bruno , Sundin Anders 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis expert consensus document represents an initiative by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) to provide guidance for synoptic reporting of radiological examinations critical to the diagnosis, grading, staging and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Template drafts for initial tumor staging and follow‐up by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were established, based on existing institutional and organisational reporting templates relevant for NEN imaging, and applying the RadLex lexicon of radiological information (Radiological Society of North America), for consistency regarding the radiological terms. During the ENETS Scientific Advisory Board meeting 2018, the template drafts were subject to iterative interdisciplinary discussions among experts in imaging, surgery, gastroenterology, oncology and pathology. Members of the imaging group stated a strong preference for a combination of limited and standardised options by way of drop‐down menus. Separate templates were produced for the initial work‐up and for follow‐up, respectively. To provide a detailed description of the radiological findings of the primary tumor and its local extension and spread, different templates were developed for bronchial, pancreatic and gastrointestinal NENs for CT and MRI, respectively. Each template was structured in 10 sections: clinical details, comparative imaging modality, acquisition technique, primary tumor findings, regional lymph node metastases, distant metastases, TNM classification, reference lesions according to RECIST 1.1, additional findings and conclusion. Two templates were developed for follow‐up, for CT and MRI, respectively, and were specifically focused on assessment of therapy response. These included a qualitative response assessment, such as decrease of vascularisation and presence of necrosis, and a quantitative assessment according to RECIST 1.1 and the modified RECIST (mRECIST) for assessing tumor response following transarterial chemoembolisation.
Activation of Nrf2 signaling protects hypoxia‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells against ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Li , Zhou Xunxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis article aims to investigate the possible mechanism by which nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling exerts protective effects on the progression of preeclampsia (PE).MethodsHTR‐8/SVneo cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions to establish PE cell model. Cell viability and invasion were respectively examined by CCK‐8 assay and transwell assay. The detection of oxidative stress and Fe2+ content was carried out by corresponding commercial kits, and the expression of corresponding proteins and genes was detected by western blot and qPCR. After Nrf2 was overexpressed in HTR‐8/SVneo cells, the above assays were conducted to confirm the exact effects of Nrf2 activation on ferroptosis.ResultsHypoxia reduced the invasion of HTR‐8/SVneo cells, induced oxidative stress (upregulated levels of glutathione [GSH], malondialdehyde [MDA], and reactive oxygen species [ROS]), and induced ferroptosis which exhibited by upregulated Fe2+ and downregulated expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11/System xCT (SCL7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferroportin1 (FPN1). Meanwhile, hypoxia promoted the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, leading to Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling activation. These changes upon hypoxia induction were strengthened by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) but were abolished by deferoxamine (DFO). Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression in hypoxia‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells exerted inhibitory effects on levels of GSH, MDA, ROS, and Fe2+, and promotive effects on Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling activation and expression of SCL7A11, GPX4, and FPN1, indicating that Nrf2 overexpression decreased oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hypoxia‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells.ConclusionCollectively, activation of Nrf2 signaling alleviated hypoxia‐induced invasion lacking, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in hypoxia‐induced HTR‐8/SVneo cells, suggesting that Nrf2 signaling activation play a protective role in PE, which can provide instructions for the targeted treatment of PE.
White Allies and the Semiotics of Wokeness: Raciolinguistic Chronotopes of White Virtue on Facebook
Authors: Delfino Jennifer B. 
Published: September 2021

This study examines how the figure of the white ally is constructed on Facebook via raciolinguistic chronotopes of “white virtue,” which is the idea that whites who can identify racism are good people who cannot themselves be racist. Using data I collected from a public group called “White People ACTING for Change!” (WPAC) I use semiotic discourse analysis to highlight how participants produce histories of becoming a woke white ally towards an imagined future of anti‐racist praxis in which “people of all colors” are equally positioned. These posts appear to promote inclusion and equality while actually recentering white perspectives on race and the racial difference by recruiting individualist understandings of race and racism. This study considers how allyship recruits liberal democratic discourses of racial difference such that white supremacy is reconstructed as an ordinary ideology of governance.
Management and referral of acute laryngotracheitis – Croup: The New South Wales Neonatal and Paediatric Emergency Transport Service experience
Authors: Syamkumar Suma , Jani Shefali , Browning Carmo Kathryn 
Published: September 2021

AimTo evaluate the experience of NETS (The Newborn and paediatric Emergency Transport Service) New South Wales (NSW) with children referred with a provisional diagnosis of croup. To examine the adherence of referral hospitals to NSW Health policy guidelines and to establish criteria for the need to transfer and the level of escort required for a child with croup to a higher level of care.MethodsA retrospective audit of all children with a provisional diagnosis of croup referred to NETS over the epoch: 2005–2015. The NETS database was searched for keywords: croup and laryngotracheitis. Demographics, retrieval characteristics and management strategies were collected.ResultsA total of 432 patients were identified. The number of children triaged to a medically led NETS team for transfer decreased (P < 0.001) whilst those transferred into more local regional or metropolitan hospitals (P < 0.001) increased. The number of adrenaline doses was not associated with intensive care admissions or the need for invasive ventilation.ConclusionMedically led retrieval teams are not necessary for safe transfer of children with a provisional diagnosis of croup unless the airway is secured with an endotracheal tube. Transfer to more local hospitals for paediatric care should be considered and time allowed for medications to take effect prior to movement.
Relationship between drinking frequency and fatty liver prevalence or incidence in Japanese undergoing health checkup in 2008‐2019
Authors: Sugiyama Aya , Kurisu Akemi , Ouoba Serge , E Bunthen , Ko Ko , Rakhimov Anvarjon , Hussain Md Razeen Ashraf , Akita Tomoyuki , Harakawa Takayuki , Sako Toru , Koshiyama Makoto , Tanaka Junko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe relationship between the frequency of drinking and fatty liver in the general population is still poorly understood. This study analysed data from a large cohort who underwent health checkups in Japan between 2008 and 2019 to investigate the prevalence and incidence of fatty liver by alcohol consumption and risk factors for fatty liver.MethodsThe prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed with ultrasonography was calculated in 75,670 residents. The incidence of fatty liver in 31,062 residents who underwent ultrasonography at least twice during the period without fatty liver at the first time was calculated using the person‐year method. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to investigate risk factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of fatty liver.ResultsThe prevalence of fatty liver was 27.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.2‐27.9) in non‐drinkers, 28.5% (27.5‐29.5) in moderate‐drinkers and 28.0% (26.0‐29.9) in heavy‐drinkers. The incidence of fatty liver was 3,084/100,000 person‐years (2,997‐3,172/100,000) in non‐drinkers, 3,754/100,000 person‐years (3,481‐4,042/100,000) in moderate‐drinkers and 3,861/100,000 person‐years (3,295‐4,497/100,000) in heavy‐drinkers. The prevalence and incidence of fatty liver were not associated with drinking status. Obesity was the most important independent risk factor (prevalence: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.3; 95% CI, 6.0‐6.5; incidence: AOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.3‐2.6).ConclusionsDrinking status does not affect the prevalence or incidence of fatty liver in Japanese residents undergoing health checkups. From a public health perspective, measures for obesity control must be prioritised to reduce the burden of disease of fatty liver in Japan.
Understanding delays in the introduction of complementary foods in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Hirvonen Kalle , Wolle Abdulazize , Laillou Arnaud , Vinci Vincenzo , Chitekwe Stanley , Baye Kaleab 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAge‐appropriate breastfeeding and introduction to complementary foods can shape child feeding practices, ensure adequate energy and nutrient intake and prevent linear growth faltering. This study aimed to assess mothers' and health workers' knowledge of timely introduction to complementary foods and evaluate the relationship between delays in complementary feeding and subsequent linear growth. We conducted two rounds of surveys (March/August 2017) among 249 health workers (n = 249) and caregivers (n = 2635) of children 6–23 months of age. We collected information about socio‐demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice related to timely introduction to complementary foods. The study was conducted in households from the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) districts, in four highland regions of Ethiopia. Delays in the introduction to complementary feeding were widespread with 53% of children 6–8 months of age not consuming solid, semisolid or soft foods in the past 24 h. After controlling for child, caregiver and household characteristics, children not introduced to complementary foods by 6–8 months had a 0.48 SD lower length‐for‐age z‐score at 12–15 months. Caregivers' knowledge was strongly and inversely correlated with untimely introduction of complementary foods in logistic regressions (OR = 0.55, p < 0.01). In turn, local health extension worker's knowledge was strongly correlated with caregiver's knowledge. Consequently, frequent and timely visits by health extension workers emphasising not only on what to feed but also when and how to feed a child are needed. Innovative ways of increasing reach, intensity and frequency of nutrition messaging by using the PSNP interactions as an additional point of contact would need to be explored further.
Relation between number of teeth, malnutrition, and 3‐year mortality in elderly individuals ≥85 years
Authors: Nishio Kensuke , Arai Yasumichi , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Michiyo , Fukasawa Mai , Oikawa Daichi , Ito Tomoka , Takatsu Masaki , Iinuma Toshimitsu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe number of teeth has been shown to affect mortality. However, it is unclear why the number of teeth is associated with mortality. We focused on the number of teeth and malnutrition and examined whether these differences affect 3‐year all‐cause mortality among very elderly individuals.MethodsThis analysis was conducted using data from the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study. Altogether 513 participants ≥85 years were categorized based on remaining teeth (0, 1–7, 8–18, ≥19). All‐cause mortality was determined by calculating the cumulative 3‐year survival rate according to the remaining number of teeth and the presence/absence of malnutrition. Further, hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed using Cox regression analyses.ResultsNo difference was observed according to the number of teeth (p = 0.638), but the presence/absence of malnutrition was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Malnutrition was independently associated with higher HRs, even after adjusting for confounding factors associated with mortality. (HR: 2.315, 95% CI: 1.431–3.746). Additionally, adjusting for the number of teeth, HR remained significant (HR: 2.365, 95% CI: 1.449–3.853).ConclusionIn the very elderly, malnutrition—but not the number of teeth—was independently associated with 3‐year all‐cause mortality after adjusting for various health issues.
Comparison of Intravertebral Clefts between Kümmell Disease and Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Radiological Study
Authors: Chen Zhenzhong , Lou Chao , Yu Weiyang , He Dengwei 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the radiological features of intravertebral clefts (IVC) between Kümmell disease (KD) and acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study. A total of 79 patients with IVC from January 2014 to December 2018 were included in this study. There were 22 men and 57 women, with an average of 73.5 years. Based on the exact time interval from injury to treatment and the pathological examination results, the patients were divided into KD group (44 patients) and acute OVCF group (35 patients). The two groups were compared by the margin sclerosis of IVC, vertebra and pedicle ossification, stress fracture of the spinous process, paravertebral callus, the shape of IVC, cleft in the adjacent disc, and flatness of IVC's margin from plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT). The two groups were compared by the IVC content, double‐line sign, and signal of fracture vertebral from their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsThere were no significant differences in sex, age, and fracture distribution between the KD group and the acute OVCF group. IVC was present in both the KD group and the acute OVCF group. Six radiological features were only present in the KD group, including sclerosis of the cleft margin (95.5%, 42/44), ossification of the fractured vertebrae (100%, 44/44), ossification of the pedicle (31.8%, 14/44), double‐line sign (27.3%, 12/44), stress fracture of the spinous process (13.6%, 6/44), and even formation of paravertebral callus (18.2%, 8/44). Although there were statistical differences in the other four radiological features of content of IVC (P = 0.02), cleft sign in adjacent intervertebral disc (P < 0.01), margin of IVC (P = 0.02), and the shape of IVC (P = 0.01) between the KD group and acute OVCF group, these characteristics could be found in both groups.ConclusionIVC could present in patients with both KD and acute OVCF; however, we found that marginal cleft sclerosis, vertebral and pedicle ossification, double‐line sign, spinous process fracture, and formation of paravertebral callus are unique radiological features of KD and could be used for differentiation of KD from acute OVCF with IVC.
Improving the urine spot protein/creatinine ratio by the estimated creatinine excretion to predict proteinuria in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Incir Said , Tasdemir Mehmet , Kocak Burak , Yelken Berna , Arpali Emre , Akyollu Basak , Palaoglu Kerim Erhan , Baygul Arzu , Bilge Ilmay , Turkmen Aydin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the daily creatinine excretion rate (CER) is directly affected by muscle mass, which varies with age, gender, and body weight, using the spot protein/creatinine ratio (Spot P/Cr) follow‐up of proteinuria may not always be accurate. Estimated creatinine excretion rate (eCER) can be calculated from spot urine samples with formulas derived from anthropometric factors. Multiplying Spot P/Cr by eCER gives the estimated protein excretion rate (ePER). We aimed to determine the most applicable equation for predicting daily CER and examine whether ePER values acquired from different equations can anticipate measured 24 h urine protein (m24 h UP) better than Spot P/Cr in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.MethodsThis study enrolled 23 children with kidney transplantation. To estimate m24 h UP, we calculated eCER and ePER values with three formulas adapted to children (Cockcroft‐Gault, Ghazali‐Barratt, and Hellerstein). To evaluate the accuracy of the methods, Passing‐Bablok and Bland‐Altman analysis were used.ResultsA statistically significant correlation was found between m24 h UP and Spot P/Cr (p < .001, r = 0.850), and the correlation was enhanced by multiplying the Spot P/Cr by the eCER equations. The average bias of the ePER formulas adjusted by the Cockcroft‐Gault, Ghazali‐Barratt, and Hellerstein equations were −0.067, 0.031, and 0.064 g/day, respectively, whereas the average bias of Spot P/Cr was −0.270 g/day obtained by the Bland‐Altman graphics.ConclusionUsing equations to estimate eCER may improve the accuracy and reduce the spot urine samples’ bias in pediatric kidney transplantation recipients. Further studies in larger populations are needed for ePER reporting to be ready for clinical practice.
Deeply virtual Compton scattering off Helium nuclei with positron beams
Authors: Fucini Sara , Hattawy Mohammad , Rinaldi Matteo , Scopetta Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPositron initiated deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) off $$^4$$

4

He and $$^3$$

3

He nuclei is described. The way the so-called $$d-$$

d
-

term could be obtained from the real part of the relevant Compton form factor is summarized, and the importance and novelty of this measurement is discussed. The measurements addressed for $$^3$$

3

He targets could be very useful even in a standard unpolarized target setup, measuring beam spin and beam charge asymmetries only. The unpolarized beam charge asymmetries for DVCS off $$^3$$

3

He and $$^4$$

4

He are also estimated, at JLab kinematics and, for $$^4$$

4

He, also at a configuration typical at the future Electron–Ion Collider. Incoherent DVCS processes, in particular the ones with tagging the internal target by measuring slow recoiling nuclei, and the unique possibility offered by positron beams for the investigation of Compton form factors of higher twist, are also briefly addressed.
Determination of the up/down-quark mass within QCD sum rules in the scalar channel
Authors: Yin Fang-Hui , Tian Wen-Ya , Tang Liang , Guo Zhi-Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we determine up/down-quark mass $$m_{q=u/d}$$

m

q
=
u
/
d

in the isoscalar scalar channel from both the Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov (SVZ) and the Monte-Carlo-based QCD sum rules. The relevant spectral function, including the contributions from the $$f_0(500)$$

f
0

(
500
)

, $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

and $$f_0(1370)$$

f
0

(
1370
)

resonances, is determined from a sophisticated U(3) chiral study. Via the traditional SVZ QCD sum rules, we give the prediction to the average light-quark mass $$m_q(2 ~\text {GeV})=\frac{1}{2}(m_u(2 ~\text {GeV}) + m_d(2 ~\text {GeV}))=(3.46^{+0.16}_{-0.22} \pm 0.33) ~\text {MeV}$$

m
q

(
2

GeV
)

=

1
2

(

m
u

(
2

GeV
)

+

m
d

(
2

GeV
)

)

=

(
3
.

46

-
0.22

+
0.16

±
0.33
)

MeV

. Meanwhile, by considering the uncertainties of the input QCD parameters and the spectral functions of the isoscalar scalar channel, we obtain $$m_q (2~\text {GeV}) = (3.44 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.32) ~\text {MeV}$$

m
q

(
2

GeV
)

=

(
3.44
±
0.14
±
0.32
)

MeV

from the Monte-Carlo-based QCD sum rules. Both results are perfectly consistent with each other, and nicely agree with the Particle Data Group value within the uncertainties.
The dynamics of faculty hiring networks
Authors: Lee Eun , Clauset Aaron , Larremore Daniel B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFaculty hiring networks—who hires whose graduates as faculty—exhibit steep hierarchies, which can reinforce both social and epistemic inequalities in academia. Understanding the mechanisms driving these patterns would inform efforts to diversify the academy and shed new light on the role of hiring in shaping which scientific discoveries are made. Here, we investigate the degree to which structural mechanisms can explain hierarchy and other network characteristics observed in empirical faculty hiring networks. We study a family of adaptive rewiring network models, which reinforce institutional prestige within the hierarchy in five distinct ways. Each mechanism determines the probability that a new hire comes from a particular institution according to that institution’s prestige score, which is inferred from the hiring network’s existing structure. We find that structural inequalities and centrality patterns in real hiring networks are best reproduced by a mechanism of global placement power, in which a new hire is drawn from a particular institution in proportion to the number of previously drawn hires anywhere. On the other hand, network measures of biased visibility are better recapitulated by a mechanism of local placement power, in which a new hire is drawn from a particular institution in proportion to the number of its previous hires already present at the hiring institution. These contrasting results suggest that the underlying structural mechanism reinforcing hierarchies in faculty hiring networks is a mixture of global and local preference for institutional prestige. Under these dynamics, we show that each institution’s position in the hierarchy is remarkably stable, due to a dynamic competition that overwhelmingly favors more prestigious institutions. These results highlight the reinforcing effects of a prestige-based faculty hiring system, and the importance of understanding its ramifications on diversity and innovation in academia.