bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to Critics of Emotions and Collectives
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 explore three questions: why other climate ethicists including Dale Jamieson, Stephen M. Gardiner, and Tracy Lynn Isaacs have not examined moral emotions or the negative emotions of guilt and shame; why their philosophical assumptions prevent them from doing so; and what the advantages are of taking guilt and shame seriously in environmental and climate ethics. Philosophical climate ethics generally prioritizes rational, individual analyses and direct linear causality. These commitments are challenged by the complex layers of agency causing climate change and lead scholars to overlook (1) the contributions of guilt and shame to moral development and (2) how such moral emotions can help agents recognize their as-yet unacknowledged moral commitments––particularly critical tasks in rapidly developing moral circumstances such as that of climate change. Additionally, philosophical commitments of most climate ethicists hinder their recognition of important ethical questions: What are the ethical ramifications of environmental guilt and shame? Should agents intentionally induce them? Regardless of how these emotions come to exist, how should agents respond to them? A more capacious vision of ethics as outlined in this project—which draws on insights of laypeople as well as academics in multiple disciplines; includes rationality, emotion, relationships; acknowledges the agency of individuals and collectives; and recognizes human limits—can address a broader scope of ethical questions including but not limited to those sparked by environmental guilt and shame.
Ritual Responses to Environmental Guilt and Shame
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Having articulated the conditions to respond to or induce environmental guilt and shame, it is reasonable to wonder how humans could develop such resources. Chapter 9 maintains that religious rituals have the ability to create and sustain the conditions. This argument is founded on two strands of thought: J. Z. Smith and Catherine Bell’s theories of ritual, particularly regarding rites of affliction, which respond to disorder or wrong and provide terminology for conceiving of ritual in general. Studies of environmental ritual, especially the work of William R. Jordan III, Gretel van Wieren, and Joanna Macy who identify ritual as a way of responding to negative experiences, affects, and states of being, enable the consideration of environmental rituals. Their work requires expansion to deal relationships between humans or involving collectives, particularly the need to apologize to those harmed and change behavior to prevent further harm. Spontaneous confessional rituals about environmental guilt and shame in popular online confessions and an apology ritual at the Standing Rock prayer camp against the Dakota Access Pipeline exhibit some of these features but are still limited with respect to the conditions required to respond to guilt and shame. Thus, intentional ritualization and using multiple rituals will likely be necessary to respond to all of the dimensions of guilt and shame.
Epilogue Looking Back, Looking Forward
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The epilogue summarizes the contributions of studying environmental guilt and shame to environmental ethics and sets agendas for future research. Even as approaching environmental ethics as a finger-wagging scold is ethically suspect, it is also problematic to avoid the study of negative emotions given the many insights prompted by such study. Questions of motivation deserve more attention in environmental ethics, as the paralyzing character of shame among people with environmental values indicates that environmental values are not enough to spark environmental behavior as many environmental ethicists presume. Other future lines of inquiry include how demographic factors beyond gender, such as race and class, affect the experience of environmental guilt and shame and how environmental rituals may foster environmental and climate apology, restitution, adaptation, and mitigation. Addressing both the theoretical and applied ethical insights arising from environmental guilt and shame not only leads to richer accounts of responsibility and agency that better fit the phenomena but also enables more well-rounded approaches to environmental degradation than those that eschew emotions, the experience of laypeople, and collectives. Without such approaches, denial, paralysis, or incomplete and therefore unsuccessful approaches to environmental degradation including climate change are likely.
Frege
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book is about Frege and his contribution to philosophy. It has three parts. Part I presents his general picture of thought, that is, the object of a capacity for thought (what may be thought). The point is to stress the value of separating the business of being true from thinkers’ engagement with such business, thus from issues specifically about language, and this as a model for philosophy in general. It also expands on Frege’s case for the intrinsic publicity (sharability) of thought. Part II concerns some particular developments of the general view made by Frege with a view to serving the needs of his central project (after logic itself): showing arithmetic to be logic. Part III applies the general picture in presenting a view of truth (and its irreducibility), logic of logic’s independence both of thinkers and of the world (its indifference to anything in how things happen to be), and of objectivity.
Sinn
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There are two things Sinn might be: first, a generic spanning two cases: an expression’s meaning what it does; a thought’s being the one it is. Second, a notion applying only to this second case. Occasionally (notably 1906) Frege hesitated between the two, or exchanged the one with the other. Such is a lesson in how and why not to do so. The chapter also discusses the issue of how thoughts are to be counted. One point here is that thoughts must be counted such as to fulfill their role in proof adequately, thus to restrict the notion of truth-transmission to the case where a sequence of truth-transmitting transitions amounts to proof. There is also a discussion of Russell and his rejection of the idea of Sinn.
The Limits of Neutrality
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For Frege logic is topic-neutral and thinker-neutral. Its laws, for him, are thus immune to be borne on by anything outside of logic itself, and thus to being or have been any other than they are. This chapter examines those two notions of neutrality and their limits. It locates logic in a particular restricted area of the object of the capacities of a rational being. It then asks how much of this can really be immune to thinker-specificity. It also draws on ideas of Leibniz, Reichenbach, and Putnam to cast doubt on the supposed consequences of topic-neutrality (or anyway offers a different understanding of what topic-neutrality might be).
Virginia Woolf and Poetry
Authors: Kopley Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Virginia Woolf’s career was shaped by her impression of the conflict between poetry and the novel, a conflict she often figured as one between masculine and feminine, old and new, bound and free. In large part for feminist reasons, Woolf promoted the triumph of the novel over poetry, even as she adapted some of poetry’s techniques for the novel in order to portray the inner life. Woolf considered poetry the rival form to the novel. A monograph on Woolf’s sense of generic rivalry thus offers a thorough reinterpretation of the motivations and aims of her canonical work. Drawing on unpublished archival material and little-known publications, the book combines biography, book history, formal analysis, genetic criticism, source study, and feminist literary history. Woolf’s attitude toward poetry is framed within contexts of wide scholarly interest: the decline of the lyric poem, the rise of the novel, the gendered associations with these two genres, elegy in prose and verse, and the history of English Studies. Written in clear and lively language, the book maintains a narrative drive as it traces Woolf’s reading and writing over her lifetime, including her response to poets and critics in her circle such as J. K. Stephen, Julian Bell, Vita Sackville-West, Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, T. S. Eliot, Stephen Spender, and W. H. Auden. Virginia Woolf and Poetry makes three important contributions. It clarifies a major prompt for Woolf’s poetic prose. It exposes the generic rivalry that was creatively generative to many modernist writers. And it details how holding an ideology of a genre can shape literary debates and aesthetics.
“the Author disdained poetry”
Authors: Kopley Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a young woman, Virginia Stephen associated poetry with a patriarchal imagination, due to the overbearing declamations of her father, Leslie Stephen, the Cambridge education in poetry of her older brother, Thoby Stephen, and the misogynistic verse of her cousin J. K. Stephen. These family members’ love of poetry seemed of a piece with their participation in the world of educated, admired men, while their mental instability shaded poetry as perilous as well as patriarchal. This chapter examines the poetry in Virginia Stephen’s world, and ends by studying her early book reviews of poetry.
A Room of One’s Own, Woolf’s “little book on poetry”
Authors: Kopley Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In several essays concurrent with her major experimental works of the 1920s, Woolf proclaims that the novel will usurp the tools and the place of poetry. Most important among these essays is the book-length A Room of One’s Own (1929). Here Woolf identifies the lack of poet foremothers available as models to women writers. She urges young women to fill this gap by writing not poetry per se, but rather prose whose greatness qualifies it as “poetry.” Woolf wants to gain for prose, and by extension women writers, the prestige historically accorded to verse. This chapter sketches the historic link among English Studies, poetry, and patriarchy. This link contributed to Woolf’s vision of the novel as the democratic, feminist alternative to poetry. It also spurred her subtle challenge in A Room of One’s Own to Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, who had doubted women’s ability to write poetry. This chapter concludes by considering the real women poets who inspired Woolf’s fiction of Judith Shakespeare.
Orlando’s Celebration of “prose not verse”
Authors: Kopley Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Woolf’s literary history, the eighteenth century saw the male writer and poetry begin to cede power and popularity to the female writer and the novel. Orlando (1928) personifies this literary history with the title character, a nobleman-poet who turns from man to woman in the eighteenth century, while his/her poetry turns from tolerable to bathetic. Some of the adventures of the newly female Orlando take their inspiration from the novels of Daniel Defoe and the life of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Woolf draws on Defoe and Lady Montagu to underscore the mutual ascent of women and prose. Orlando is based primarily, of course, on Vita Sackville-West. Allusions in the novel to Sackville-West’s long poem The Land (1926) betray Woolf’s dim view of her lover’s poetry and the conventional, sentimental poet figure more generally, and argue that a woman poet after the eighteenth century writes in a form poorly suited to her era and her sex.
Woolf and the Thirties Poets
Authors: Kopley Emily 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Studying Woolf’s relationship with the British male poets who first came to public attention in the 1930s clarifies tensions of the time concerning gender, generations, and, especially, literary form. The poetry of W. H. Auden, Cecil Day-Lewis, John Lehmann, Louis MacNeice, and Stephen Spender provoked Woolf’s criticism in large part for a reason that has received little attention, Woolf’s competition with poetry. This spirit of competition was not matched by the 1930s poets themselves. While Woolf’s criticism prompted the poets’ counter-arguments, Woolf’s fiction stirred only the young poets’ admiration, and in some cases imagination, both in her lifetime and after. This chapter looks at Woolf’s “A Letter to a Young Poet,” the poets’ response to Woolf in letters, poetry, and criticism, Woolf’s essay “The Leaning Tower” (1941), and the poets’ writing on Woolf after her death.
The Great Health Dilemma
Authors: Dye Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The proverbial benefits of prevention over cure are self-evident—and yet we are reluctant to invest in staying healthy. Resolution of this age-old dilemma begins with a timeless truth: the benefits of good health come at a cost: prevention is not better than cure at any price. That logic leads to a testable—and refutable—proposition: that prevention should be favoured when an imminent, high-risk, high-impact hazard can be averted at relatively low cost. Application of this idea helps to explain why cigarette smoking is still commonplace, why the world was not ready for the COVID-19 pandemic, why the idea of a ‘sin tax’ is misconceived, why billions still do not have access to safe sanitation, why the response to climate change has been so slow, and why public health advice often falls on deaf ears. Much more money and effort are invested in health promotion and prevention today than is commonly thought, but the enormous avoidable burden of illness is reason to seek incentives for investing still more. The principles, together with a series of case studies in diverse settings, offer 12 lessons for prevention. These are methods and motives for shifting the balance away from reactive medical treatment, bypassing illness and injury, to promote better health and well-being.
Community Work
Authors: Martin Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter engages in a detailed examination of how neighbourhood officers made sense of human rights in everyday work with communities. It begins by introducing community policing in Northern Ireland, as well as in the two towns where the fieldwork took place. The analysis is then developed across three sections, drawing on neighbourhood officers’ accounts, narratives and experiences. First, the chapter critically tests the two analytical bridges that have been constructed by the PSNI and the Policing Board to discursively connect human rights with community policing. Second, it examines how officers encountered, and responded to, the lay lexicons of rights that confronted them within communities, as juxtaposed with the official narrative of chief officers presented in Chapter 2. This analysis reveals how removed officers felt human rights were from their daily work; that is, rights could neither adequately account for, nor make sense of, their relationships or activities in communities. The chapter concludes by asking what this distance means for the protection of certain groups in society.
Righting the Public Order Script
Authors: Martin Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Contentious parades and protests in Northern Ireland present a paradigm case of competing rights, requiring the PSNI to respond in ways that respect the human rights of the various parties involved. This chapter introduces and develops the idea of the PSNI’s public order ‘script’ which is used to manage contentious parades and protests. The script can be thought of as the organization’s carefully constructed template for managing public order events, especially contentious parades and protests. This script is written and promoted by public order commanders who are acutely aware of the political sensitivities of parades and protests and the formal oversight they face in policing them. In the material form of operational plans and briefing documents, the script is communicated to frontline officers – often the TSG – who are tasked with performing the police operation according to the script. The first two sections of this chapter provide the platform for the analysis of the police script by explaining the social and legal context within which it is written and performed. The production, promotion and delivery of human rights law as an integral part of the police script is then traced in detail, before the chapter analyses how public order commanders came to acquire the knowledge and expertise needed to become human rights script-writers and decision-makers. This hints at the movement away from the kinds of ‘common sense’ understandings described in Part III and towards a more legalistic, technical one reflecting the responsibilities commanders shouldered and the formal audiences they addressed.
Conclusion
Authors: Martin Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By way of its concepts, methods and style of analysis, this book has aspired to embrace criminology’s interdisciplinary spirit to produce a sociological account that illuminates the empirical realities of human rights law in policing. Drawing the book to a close, this chapter reflects upon the substantive findings from across the four sites of policing. In particular, it summarizes the specific types of encounters officers had with human rights law and then considers what lessons might be gleaned from the Northern Ireland case study. But before doing so, a brief recapitulation on the type of sociological project the book has sought to advance across its chapters is given – and, in doing so, it is asked what this might offer in response to the ‘clear legal fault line’ that is said to crisscross academic criminology’s engagement with human rights (Murphy and Whitty, 2013: 569–70).
Friends and Enemies in the Global History of Diplomacy
Authors: Netzloff Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter juxtaposes three episodes in the history of early modern diplomacy: Sir Henry Wotton’s tenure as England’s ambassador to Venice; the English state’s efforts to extradite a group of Catholic exiles in connection to the Gunpowder Plot; and Sir Francis Drake’s alliance with the nation of Cimarrons in Panama. The discussion of Wotton focuses on the unique position of the embassy as a space of residence, domestic business, and social and pedagogical conduct. In contrast to Wotton’s more autonomous model of state service, the English response to the Gunpowder Plot reflects the elision of any legal or conceptual place for the exile, extraterritorial subject, or nonstate agent. The final section examines the modes of sociability and definitions of enmity applied to colonial and extra-European regions, looking at the lines of amity, the premise that extraterritorial violence “beyond the line” did not disrupt peaceful relations among European states.
Afterword
Authors: Netzloff Mark 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Afterword turns to the first citation of the term cosmopolitan, from James Howell, in order to explore some of the legacies of the early modern period that continue to resonate in our own historical moment. Howell’s model of cosmopolitanism is that of a comparative form of political knowledge, one deriving from a position of exile or social displacement that provides a framework for turning a critical gaze back to one’s national culture. Howell significantly correlates this critical, cosmopolitical outlook with the distinctive practices of writing that emerge from the “bureau” of state governance.
Realist Pace
Authors: Gingrich Brian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reality principle, reality effect: those two notions—psychoanalytical, narratological, epistemological—have determined our understanding of nineteenth-century literature explicitly for at least half a century. But perhaps they were both, after all, functions of narrative pace. That is what this chapter begins by arguing: that what we consider to be realism is largely a function of pace that mediates between two senses of scene. Scene, like summary, is not an altogether coherent unit. One must acknowledge that it is split between a dramatic-presentational aspect and a pictorial-representational one and that that split is decisive for how realist narrative defines its movement. The central example here is Middlemarch, with Balzac and Flaubert in the near background. But the chapter ends by looking far forward, considering the capacity of narrative fiction to pause and to speak to its reader, from Fielding and Eliot to Joyce, Faulkner, Beckett, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, and Toni Morrison.
Epiphanic and Everyday Modernisms
Authors: Gingrich Brian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The threat to conventional realist pace posed by the lyricism of something like epiphany is the central conflict of this chapter. But it begins by acknowledging another phenomenon: from Flaubert to Hemingway, there has emerged a mode of narration that makes little distinction between scene and summary and also makes little distinction between episodes. Call it interepisodic pacing, a flat refusal to amplify scenes in the service of a dramatic mandate. But then there is Joyce, who begins his career with famously amplified moments of epiphany and then desacralizes them into fleeting moments of consciousness. Between those moments and between the everyday interepisodic events of modernist fiction, a new rhythm and a new pace takes shape. One may see it in Woolf above all. Its deconstruction is envisioned by Mann.
Maintain and Increase Blood Supply to the Brain
Authors: Alessi Charles , Chambers Larry W. , Gray Muir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There are two imbalances in diet that increase the risk of dementia: the intake expenditure imbalance and the dietary mix imbalance. It is important to change your food choices Recent research has emphasized the importance of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent) as a factor that increases the risk of dementia. This chapter presents perspectives of what you can do, how your family and friends can help, agencies to seek help from in the community, and types of assistance that can be obtained from the health service to manage type 2 diabetes. Keeping your cholesterol as low as you can and reducing blood pressure is essential. The chapter covers the evidence on statins, as well as the modifiable risk factors affecting blood pressure. The chapter ends by discussing the risks of smoking and smoking cessation support and self-care of atrial fibrillation, beginning with an understanding of the treatment goal and actions to take if the treatment goal is not met or if adverse effects of treatment occur.
Communicating with Data
Authors: Nolan Deborah , Stoudt Sara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Communicating with Data: The Art of Writing for Data Science aims to help students and researchers write about their data insights in a way that is both compelling and faithful to the data. This book aims to be both a resource for students who want to learn how to write about scientific findings both formally and for broader audiences and a textbook for instructors who are teaching science communication. In addition, a researcher who is looking for help with writing can use this book to self-train. The book consists of five parts. Part I helps the novice learn to write by reading the work of others. Part II delves into the specifics of how to describe data at a level appropriate for publication, create informative and effective visualizations, and communicate an analysis pipeline through well-written, reproducible code. Part III demonstrates how to reduce a data analysis to a compelling story and organize and write the first draft of a technical paper. Part IV addresses revision; this includes advice on writing about statistical findings in a clear and accurate way, general writing advice, and strategies for proof-reading and revising. Finally, Part V gives advice about communication strategies beyond the witten page, which includes giving talks, building a professional network, and participating in online communities. This part also contains 22 “portfolio prompts” aimed at building upon the guidance and examples in the earlier parts of the book and building a writer’s portfolio of data communication.