bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design a Fractional Chaotic Logistic Dynamical System
Authors: Bagheedh Adil K , Abid Salah H , Mehdi Sadiq A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the present article, a new procedure to design a continuous fractional chaotic dynamical system with delay time from a logistic map by using sampled data representation of continuous time Caputo fractional models. An exact expression for the solution of the constructed method is found. In addition, the latest chaotic attractor that results is seen. Finally, using the MATLAB software, all theoretical results were numerically confirmed in this study.
Fuzzy Homotopy Analysis Method For Solving Fuzzy Riccati Differential Equation
Authors: Sabr Hadeer A , Abood Basim N , Suhhiem Mazin H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have used fuzzy homotopy analysis method to find the fuzzy series solution (fuzzy semi-analytical solution) of the first order fuzzy Riccati differential equation. The fuzzy approximate-analytical solutions that we obtained during this paper are accurate solutions and very close to the fuzzy exact-analytical solutions. Some numerical results are given to illustrate the method. The obtained numerical results are compared with the exact solutions.
The numerical Calculations of Single-Diode Solar Cell Modeling Parameters
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Nuhad Al-Darraji Mustafa , Shihab Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest and analyze two algorithms; a new Inverse Quadratic Interpolation and Illinois for solving nonlinear equation of a solar cell single diode type with initial value x0and load resistance R varies from 1 to 5 Ω is implemented in MATLAB program. Using five numerical testes examples, the results secured reveal that the suggested algorithm has lesser iterations than the other method (Illinois method), so the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is the best.
Controlling a chaotic anti-synchronized oscillator by a phase interplayed optical injected seed with an FBG sensor
Authors: Hemed Ayser A. , Rashid Ghayib Zainab , Ghazi Rashid Hayfa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this simmulation study, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is used to partially separat a signal emitted from a laser diode (LD1), which is originally modulated with a noise source. Separation done into two parts; reflected, in which a phase is interpayed (similarly to Michelson interferometry) in order to make it differ than that passed without reflection. The two separated signals, remixed agin with themselves and additionally add to a third signal came from second laser diode (LD2), which is also modulated with a noise source furthermore to a frequency message. Output signal resulted from this interferometry, originally based on two self electro optic effect devices (seed) undergoes external optical injection. Thus these two osillators followes anti-synchronization within their emission. Observation and analyses was based on detremination for their final output spectra from periodic to chaotic. FBG sensor used in this experiment is play a role of temperature (T) and/or Stress (S) controlling to the incident signal for LD1.
Results shows that LD1 signal cannot modify output final signal, unless several parameters are carfuley tuned. These parameters are; LD1 seed, LD2 seed, LD1 phase (filtering with FBG). These results approves noval application for operating sensors in parallel to optical communications in order to satisfy the application of high level security with two antisynchronized lasers within one chaotic transmitter.
Early Esophageal Cancer detection using Deep learning Techniques. (Review Article)
Authors: Thamir Noor N. , Mohammed Faisel G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases for humans, since it is discovered in very advanced stages. As result, pathologists are increasingly relying in image recognition and artificial intelligence tools to aid in the early identification and evaluation of this lesion. We examined a number of papers that dealt with this issue during the time span in order to shed light on the studies that were performed in this area (2017 and 2020). We have looked at experiments that used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technologies in the study of endoscopic images to help with early detection or diagnosis of esophageal cancer and its various forms. More research on esophageal malignant growth is required, as well as improving the disease’s indicative existence and employing more proven techniques for feature selection/extraction of endoscopic images. The aim of this review is to highlight the research conducted on endoscopic images of the esophagus using deep learning algorithms, including CNN, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and other techniques that were used to design the Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system. In this review we covered some but not all articles that was of great contact with our master’s thesis research in this regard.
J-Small Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Al-Mothafar Nuhad S. , Al-Shibani Rafid M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with identity and Y be an unitary R-module. We say a non-zero submodule s of Y is a J – small semiprime if and only if for whenever i ∈ R, y ∈ Y,(Y) is small in Y and i2y ∈ S + Rad (Y) implies iy ∈ S. In this paper, we investigate some properties and characterizations of these class of submodules
Proposed Ranking Function to Solve the Fuzzy Project Management and Network Problem
Authors: Abbass Huda Fadhil , Al-Kanani Idean Hassan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we create a relationship between network model and project management by using data of cost to the residential project. we solved these data by using the crisp network method(real data). After that, by using the same data we convert it to fuzzy data then the fuzzy data tested by trapezoidal membership function to be sure its belong to the duration [0,1], Proposed ranking function had solved the fuzzy network problem to the fuzzy data.
Estimation of monthly average daily of the global solar radiation using the linear regression algorithm
Authors: Hadi Hussein H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solar radiation is the backbone for the existence of life on the earth. Its measurement is too expensive. Therefore, it has been great importance to propose an efficient method to use as a solar predictor based on other more readily available meteorological data. In this study, Linear regression method has been applied in two locations that have two different climates in Egypt, location A that has a coastal climate on the Mediterranean coast and location B that has a dry desert climate, using three weather vectors (minimum, maximum and average) of temperature values. The performance of the linear regression models provides better predictions for global solar radiation (GSRa) at different locations. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = (2.7716 and 2.9392) MJ m−2 with Relative Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE) = (14.5962 and 14.0861) % in location A and B respectively. The accurate prediction results of the GSRa using this approach can be employed in the various purposes of the solar applications.
Smart System for Detecting the Entry of Authority People in the Security Facilities Based IoT using SURF Recognition and Viola-Jones Algorithms
Authors: Hussien Nadia Mahmood , Meteab Al-Obaidi Mohanad Ali , Abtan Rasha Awad , Al-Saleh Anwar H. , Al-Zuky Ali Abid D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Modern security systems are beginning using advanced technologies to detect any security breaches via a combination of devices, programming methods and notify security personnel of monitoring of any security breach, starting with people entering the building, ending with monitor the electronic archive in computers, monitor employees-customers calls, and banking accounts. Which consists of two stages, as the first stage relates to building an Arduino system to detect employees entering the building using the Arduino UNO, passive infrared sensor (PIR) hardware then requesting from the employee to go to the security audit platform to compare the face image with the database images using the viola-jones algorithm facial recognition program based on SURF algorithm. If the image is identical, he is allowed to enter and if the face image does not match the set of images in data set, he is asked to wait in the queries office. Also, the system can send all data to the central security authority with the date and times of entry for persons through the WhatsApp using Twilio IoT application.
Calculation of ensquared energy of the diffraction-limited optical system with Higher-order parabolic filter
Authors: Qasim Nada , Karam Ghada S. , Al-Hamadani Ali H. , Haleot Rafid A. , Abood Ziad M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mathematical properties of the ensquared energy functions for apodized point-spread function (PSF) are presented. An expression of ensquared energy for the apodized point Spread function of the optical system with a circular aperture was derived using a parabolic apodized filter with a different arrangement N =1, 2,3,4. The results obtained were discussed graphically.
Good Characteristics of The New Spectral Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Sheekoo Ahmed Hussien , Al-Naemi Ghada M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is an effective method to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, we propose a new SCG method in which performance is numerically analyzed. We established the descent property and global convergence conditions based on assumptions through the strongWolfe-Powell line search. Numerical results were performed using benchmark functions widely used in many conventional functions to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Subject Classification: 90C30, 90C06, 65K05, 65K10.
The Novel Refractive Index for Optical Coating Applications
Authors: Ali Rand H , Aadim Kadhim A , Abd Algaffar Alaa N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, an attempt to produce a novel refractive index using mixing dielectric material. Composed of ZnS and MgF2 with a different concentrate ratio using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of shots and energy were studied. Resulting indicate that flexibility refractive indexes can be obtained with optimum optical performance for optical coating application.
Even Power Weighted Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Mutlk Rana Hadi , Al-Dubaicy Awatif Rezzoky 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this search, derivation a new even-power weighted generalized Exponential distributions with some statistical properties are discussed, such as [cumulative dist, probability generating function, moment generating function, reliability, and Entropy functions] and other properties The scale parameter for this dist. has been estimated, using two methods, [method of moment and maximum likelihood].and simulation study has been to compare by MSE criteria, for the performance of the two estimation.
Construction and spectral characterization of the gliding arc reverse vortex flow plasma system at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Lazem Farah A. , Humud Hammad R. , Alwazzan Mohammed J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a low-cost reverse-gliding arc three-dimensional reactor with local materials and a homemade voltage source was proposed. This system works by pumping out argon gas while mixing in atmospheric air. The spectral properties of the resulting arc were investigated, as well as the calculation of electron temperature and density. The process of mixing air with argon gas is a novel method for obtaining nitrogen gas at a low cost and with ease of access. Nitrogen gas has numerous applications, and the findings are promising for future applications.
Mathematical Model of the Effect of Hyphal Death on T-W Types of fungi with Energy
Authors: Jafaar Zainab , Shuaa Ali Hussein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mathematical model is model show behavior for growth of Tip-tip anastomosis, Tip death hyphal death and we show the consumption energy. In general, To mathematical modeling to shorten the effort, time and mony to get the right result even though there is error ratio. In this paper we will study a mathematical model of branching using the solution of a system of partial equations (PDEs). The results of this solution will be describe a success or failure of the growth of the fungus species studied, and we used some codes in numerical analysis because some difficulty in direct mathematical solution.[2]
Mathematical Model of Tip-hypha Anastomosis and Dichotomous Branching with Hyphal Death
Authors: Ajme Gufran Moneam , Shuaa Ali Hussein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, We studied the case of growth of kinds of fungi when blend two kinds of hyphal anastomosis and Dichotomous branched with a hyphal death. These species consume all energy. We use mathematical models as partial differential equations (PDEs) which illustrate phenomena biological for each kind. we need Some time, that’s true for the growth of fungi. To get an approximate solution for this system, we will rely on the numerical solution. For this, we need Some of the steps in this solution are stationary, phase, and traveling states Solution And to determine the initial condition. we will use the code and Thus we recognize the behavior of the kinds.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) Derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa a plant and CuCl
Authors: Ali Ehab Mohammed , Rasool Khetam H. , Abad Wedian K. , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was the synthesis of CuO NPs) using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extracts and CuCl. Copper Oxide CuO prepared by simple a chemical method. Analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), XRD and SEM (XRD analyses confirmed the characterization of the prepared CuO NPs. (XRD) measurements that the (CuO) thin film was poly-crystalline and there is no trace of the other material. Crystallite sizes 18.99nm calculated using the Scherrer’s equation. SEM was used to estimate the average diameter CuO NPs was less than 100 nm. From the optical properties the energy gap was 5eV. This study focused on effect of CuO on the Antifungal and different type of bacterial. CuO had an inhibitory effect against fungal more than bacterial
Frequency Domain for Color Image Authentication Proofing
Authors: Gaid Sabah Karri , Jabbar Khalid Kadhim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data known as a watermark into a multimedia object so that the watermark can later be identified or recovered to claim its object. The use of an embedded watermark would enable the owner of the work hardware to be identified. In the proposed method the Particle-Swarm-Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been applied to embed a binary watermark bit in the optimal color sub-bands, resulting in a less extreme value after the PSO point. The embedding level, which uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to embed binary bits in the resulted image in the low-frequency domain, must be able to withstand intended attacks while maintaining high quality, as well as assess image authentication and localize tampering areas (s). Various consistency metrics and watermark removal attacks are used to evaluate the algorithm in an experimental environment. The results show that the model can support imperceptible watermarking as well as high attack resistance.
Predicting the knowledge flow of social networks based on machine learning
Authors: Radhi Muhi Saadi , Aghaei Mohammadreza Soltan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Predicting the release of information deals with the path of publishing a news or information or topic in a structural data such as a graph. Researchers in this field seek to solve the following questions by providing methods for predicting the path of publication: 1-Which information or topics that are most common, 2-Why, how and in what Information path will be published and will be published in the future? And 3-Which network member has an important role in the dissemination process? Machine learning is an area which has been very helpful recently in order to answer such questions. Machine learning as an artificial intelligence subset presents so acceptable to predict the dissemination of information. Since predicting novel users who are in information flow is the process of diagnostic, the issue is able to be solved by the algorithms of Machine learning.
Automatic COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis from x-ray lung image: A Deep Feature and Machine Learning Solution
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Al-qaysi Z.T. , Shuwandy Moceheb Lazam , Salih Mahmood Maher , Ali Majid Hamid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 was announced after unidentified pneumonia was discovered in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread around the world (COVID-19). This outbreak has claimed the lives of so many people. It has a long-term negative impact on public health. The goal of this study is to develop an intelligent computer-aided system that can detect positive COVID-19 cases automatically, which can help with daily medical problems. The proposed system is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically expose discriminative features on chest X-ray images due to its convolution with rich filter families and weight-sharing characteristics. As a deep feature extractor, the CNN model SqueezeNet was used. The extracted deep discriminative features were fed machine Decision Tree, Random Forest, Neural Network (NN), Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and k-nearest neighbor learning algorithms. As a result, the NN classifier with an accuracy of 97.24 per cent, a sensitivity of 0.9724, a specificity of 0.9858, and an F-score of 0.972 provided the most effective results. The high detection performance obtained in this study demonstrates the utility of deep CNN features and an NN classifier approach for detecting COVID-19 cases in CXR images. With the current resources, this would be hugely beneficial in speeding up disease diagnosis.
On Z-Radical of Modules and Z-Lifting modules
Authors: Hamad Amina T , Elewi Alaa A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Inthis paper, Z-Radical of module and Z-Lifting module and Z-local module are defined as ageneralization of radical of module and lifting module and local module. Where anR-module E has amaxima submodule define

R
a
d

(

E

)
=
∩
{

N

<

E

:

N

i
s

m
a
x
i
m
a
l

w
i
t
h

N

⊇

Z

2

(

E

)
}

z

. An R-module E iscalled Z-lifting if forany submodule N of E, there exists submodules X, H of E suchthat E = X⨁H with X ≤ N and N ∩ H «z
N. anR-module ग iscalled Z-local if

R
a
d

(

E

)

≪
z

E

z

and

R
a
d

(

E

)

z

is maximal. Several properties of these modules are proved.
Study of the temperature and electron density of the cadmium sulfide plasma produced by the exploding wire technique using optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Abed Haneen T. , Humud Hammad R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study was conducted to reveal the most important parameters of the plasma which are the temperature and density of the electron, the plasma response, the Debye length and the number of particles inside the Debye sphere of the cadmium sulfide by a spectrometer. The results of the electron temperature (Te) and the electron density (ne) were discussed. The results of the cadmium sulfide plasma were discussed. It is generated by using the explosive wire and with different currents.
Study of Colorimetric properties of Ethidium bromide dye-doped PVP/DNA film
Authors: Badran Hussain Ali , Bader Sattar Jabbar , Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Saleh Noor Al-Huda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effects of deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) on full brightness, and color matching functions of Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were studied. Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the deep casting method. The variation of CIE chromaticity coordinates for PVP/DNA films with increasing Ethidium bromide dye concentration values are determined. The CIE 1931 color space move to the magenta region. The results indicate that Ethidium bromide dye doped PVP/DNA films have potential promising material for optical device applications and candidates used for LEDs pumped by UV chips and applied in many advanced technologies.
Convergence Rate For Low-Pass Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filter
Authors: Alsahlanee Abbas T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The hybrid optimization technique is used to design a low-pass infinite impulse response (IIR) digital filter, to improve the coefficients of adaptive IIR digital filter, thus ensure stability. In this paper, the newly technique of hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. This technique is a dynamic and static topology with a PSO algorithm, which called dynamic and static PSO (DS-PSO) algorithm. In the simulation, the low-pass IIR digital filter 8th order is designed. The fitness function problem is discussed based on values of the ripple of the passband, a ripple of the stopband, and a transition band. Thus, the proposed algorithm results are compared with previous studies results. From results comparison, results have shown the convergence rate with the DS-PSO algorithm outperformed the convergence rates using fuzzy gravitational search algorithm (FGSA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and differential evolution (DE) with mean values of 55.21%, 57.80%, and 70.40%, respectively.
The Development of interfaces in a Parabolic p-Laplacian type diffusion equation with weak convection
Authors: Aal-Rkhais Habeeb A. , Qasim Ruba H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work has the objective to analyse the initial growth of interface and structure of nonnegative weak solution for one-dimensional parabolic p-Laplacian type diffusion-convection with non-positive convection coefficient c. In this situation, the interfaces may expand, shrink or remain stationary relying on the competition between these two factors. In this paper, we concentrate on three regions to classify the behavior of local solutions near the asymptotic interface in the irregular domain. In the first and second regions, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection term with expanding interfaces under some restrictions. In the third region, the slow diffusion dominates over the convection, but the interfaces have a waiting time. In our proof, the rescaling method and blow-up techniques are applied.
Study of the Blood Flow average for Atherosclerosis using Ultrasound Doppler shift
Authors: Nabaa Q A , Mariam M A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a condition that affects the walls of arteries repeatedly; blood vessel blockage caused by atherosclerosis is a frequent cause of heart attack and stroke. The use of Doppler change, a recent advancement in ultrasound technology, would improve its function by improving accuracy. Blood flow measurement is crucial because it can aid in the early detection of many diseases. One of these diseases is atherosclerosis, which has been researched using the ultrasound Doppler scattering method to measure blood flow average velocity in the dorsal artery of the foot. The study’s findings revealed that age and diabetes had a greater impact than other factors such as medical history, high blood pressure, and triglycerides.