bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting maintenance procedures for public buildings
Authors: Breesam Hatem K , Jawad Zahraa A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Government buildings, like any other building, need to be maintained frequently, to preserve the original and to ensure that they perform their functions. Maintenance depends on a set of procedures, and these measures are affected by several technical and administrative factors. This study aims to know the most important factors affecting maintenance procedures and their time, to enhance the reality of maintenance of government buildings. A survey was conducted for professionals in the field of building maintenance. The analysis of the questionnaire answered by (75) engineers showed that the most influencing factors on maintenance procedures and their time are; Maintenance time (when it started), safety and health measures, work completion time, defective construction, lack of implementation, poor completed maintenance work, design problems, delay in reporting failure, response time for maintenance work, the skill of maintenance personnel, unavailability of skilled workers, services Building materials, material properties, unqualified contractor, poor budget control, insufficient funds, building age, structure condition, and sewage component networks. Therefore, controlling these factors can reflect positively on maintenance procedures and time, and thus enhance the reality of maintenance of government buildings in Iraq.
Design of robot assisted wireless sensor
Authors: Khamis Hassan Abdul-Kareem , Khamis Hiba Abdulkareem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper constraints on designing of a multi-purpose robot. A various sensor is used in this design, controls system, automatic arm, wireless communication system and remote controlling. The robot was success in test indoor and outdoor and. It can move easily in rough ground in order to find the destination avoiding any obstacles. The movement of the proposed robot could be wirelessly controlled by using control unit. The proposed robot can be used to protect human since it can allocate the position of gas leakage in home, office, industry or bank. And also, can be used for civil field as detecting metal area. By using modern technology for basic automatic robot with a wireless system so it does not cause any additional cost of wiring. This research success here discovered the metal and toxics gases by using sensors, the alarm will be operating when there is any material or toxics gas appear near the robot.
Photocatalytic Decolorization Simulated Textile Dyebath Effluent under Solar Light and Reuse it for Industrial Propose
Authors: Al-Azawiey Sundus S , Dakhel Ihsan Habeb , Naser Ghaze Fasil , Ali Ahmed Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, the photocatalytic is related to simulated wastewater as well as recycling for industrial uses. Photocatalytic degradation of simulated wastewater content (Eosin Yellowish, Eriochrom Black T, Methyl Violet, EDTA, FeSO4.7H2O, NaCl, and NaOH) was utilized as a treatment approach in batch reactors within solar light in a heterogeneous slurry with the use of many concentrations regarding the commercial powder ZnO as photocatalysts semiconductors. We have tested many operation conditions like (catalyst concentration, pH, initial dye concentration and final water treated properties). The water quality related to treated wastewater is based on the nature of waste added during usage, the industrial water supply quality, and the treatment degree which is received via wastewater. After that, the quality data of wastewater is evaluated and indicated at waste-water treatment plant majorly for the disposal of the treated effluents or discharge requirements with regard to gross pollution parameter.
Flexural Behaviour of Hollow Reinforced Concrete T-Beams
Authors: Abdulhusain Haider M. , Ismael Murtada A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hollow reinforced concrete Tee beam (HRCTB) is a beam that has longitudinal cavities that can be made usually by placing recycled plastic pipes in the web of beam within the tension zone. These cavities are used to pass electrical and mechanical equipment as well as the economic and sustainable benefits coming from subtraction some amount of concrete from these beams. This study tries to investigate experimentally the effect of circular cavities depth and its geometrical shape on the flexural behaviour of hollow reinforced concrete Tee beams. The experimental program comprises constructing and testing seven reinforced concrete Tee beams that have total height of 300 mm, flange width of 250 mm, flange depth of 75 mm as well as web width of 150 mm with beam length of 2000 mm. The first specimen is solid specimen while the others are divided into two groups, the first group consists of three specimens that have different longitudinal cavities depth which are 105 mm, 170 mm and 235 mm measured from top fibre of beam, and the second group includes three specimens that have different geometrical shape which are sharp parabolic (diameters are 35 mm by 65 mm), normal parabolic (diameters are 40 mm by 60 mm) and circular cavity of 50 mm diameter respectively. The results showed that increasing cavities depth from 105 to 170 and 235 mm from the top fibre of beam reduced the relevant first crack load by 3.57 %, 7.14 % and 17.86 % respectively and reduced ultimate strength by 0.39 %, 1.03 %, and 2.31 % respectively. In addition, the results revealed that the first crack load decreased by 3.57 %, 7.14 % and 7.14 % and ultimate load strength decreased by 0.26 %, 0.39 % and 1.03 % respectively for sharp parabolic, normal parabolic and circular specimen respectively.
Well-Organized Complexities: A New Theory of Life
Authors: Al-Guesbi Hassan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Unfortunately, humanizing nature becomes the dilemma instead of the solution. Imposing improper man-made systems on existing realms would destroy them. Mostly, they failed to respond and coexist effectively with their surroundings. In fact, they need both, adaptive and survived qualities to compromise between inner self-organizing and outer space-occupying structures together. The degrees of adaptively organized-complexities, emergent self-preserving structures, are presented and estimated by unique adaptive dimensions (DA). In addition, other different dimensions (called survived dimensions/DS
) are produced to measure the degrees of survivably organized-complexities and their evolving self-maintaining structures. Anti-patterns appear because of deliberated destructions that need to be repaired and ignorant interruptions that need to be completed. Hence, properly fixed and continually guided anti-patterns could be livable again accordingly. It is claimed that living patterns of healthy systems have well-organized complexities that can be detected, estimated and explained by new living dimensions (DL). They are sensitive parameters of wholeness as indicators of life. LAS (DL=DA/DS) is presented as a new formula to estimate living dimensions of (2D) systems according to their adaptive and survived dimensions. It is concluded that livable systems have specific living dimensions that approach to (DL≈1). Also, sustained systems have equivalent values of (DL≈DA≈DS≈1). Accordingly, it is possible now to recognize, trace and create optimal well-organized, coherent and livable systems. On the urban levels, these new findings open the way ahead to diagnose, treat and cure different unhealthy or inefficient performances of architectural and urban systems by optimal interventions. More different (2D) and (3D) ill-diagnosed systems would be of future hopeful investigations and researches.
A Novel Hybrid PV/T System for Sustainable Production of Distillate Water from the Cooling of the PV Module
Authors: Abed Angham Fadil , Hachim Dhafeer Manee , Najim Saleh E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A large portion of incident solar radiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels is transformed into heat; thus, reducing photovoltaic panel power. The photovoltaic module’s efficiency depends primarily on the ambient temperature, the temperature of the module, the incoming intensity of the solar radiation, and the composition of the PV material. Depending on the type of solar cells used, PV panel efficiency typically drops by 0.5 for each degree rise in temperature. The cooling technique is also beneficial to maintain the cell at the operating temperature and should be such that, with a uniform distribution, it holds the average cell temperature to its minimum values. The supply of drinking water is increasingly declining with increasing population, growth, and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is appropriate to concentrate on available distilling water. Due to its low cost, energy, and ability requirements, solar still is one of the promising technologies available for water purification. The current work attempts numerically to suggest and analyze the production of distilled water, electric power, and heating water for domestic by utilizing a simple passive cooling technique for a new hybrid PV/T. The present work benefits from the unwilled heat of PV panel to obtain freshwater without the construction of solar still by putting a glass cover on the original frame of PV. The system’s performance is investigated from various aspects such as distilled water yield, production of electrical and thermal power instantaneously, and daily by considering three types of mass flow rate in inner wick and four types in the outer wick. Results show that the mass flow rate of inner wick does not significantly affect the temperature of PV and distilled water yield, but the mass flow rate in outer wick has affected distilling water. The production of water was maximum for the CPVWD module and is increased by about 65.73% more than that for the PVWD. The CPVWD module is found to display the highest electrical efficiency while the PVWD shows the lowest value. Good agreement between the present results and previous works was found.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Stepped Beam Using Cotton Belt (New Technique)
Authors: Alhussein Zahraa Abd , Jaafer Abdulkhaliq A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The stepped beam is a type of non-prismatic beams that extend the stepped joint by stress collection and require adequate detail for this joint to prevent early failure. This research demonstrates an experimental study aimed at the behaviour of reinforced concrete stepped beams. The status issue is the premature failure of the stepped joint. The experimental program consists of eight concrete beams. All beams are tested under a four-point load. Three variables are studied in this work, the first of which is compressive strength, which is normal strength of 40 MPa and high strength of 80 MPa. The second variable is the details of the steel reinforcement at the stepped joint and the third variable is the strengthening with a cotton belt. Models achieved increases ranging from (26.3-37.4) kN, (1.88-3.95) mm, and (31.75-116.882) kN.mm in the ultimate capacity, deflection, and energy absorption respectively. Whereas it showed a decrease ranging (14.38-27.68) in the initial stiffness for the compression strength variable. As for the rebar detail variable, it showed an increase ranging between (39-138) kN, (7.5-28.29) mm, (244-3099.619) kN.mm, and (22.285-31.425) kN/mm, for the maximum load, deflection, energy absorption, and initial stiffness, respectively. On the other hand, the strengthened beams achieved an increase in the maximum load by 120% with a slight decrease in stiffness by 3.5% concerning an unstrengthened beam.
Mechanical Properties of Porcelain-CaSiO3 Biocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Dental Application
Authors: Abed I J , Abbas R R , Hamza A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, improving the mechanical properties of Porcelain-CaSiO3 bioactive composites has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), flexural strength, and Vickers microhardness tester. Preparing the porcelain-CaSiO3 composite has been done using the sol-gel method from Si(OC2H5)4, Ca (NO3)2.4H2O as starting materials and HNO3 used as a catalyst and mixed the sol of CaSiO3 with Porcelain IPS inline powder with three different weight percentages of CaSiO3 (P90CS10, P80CS20 and P70CS30 wt. %). Structural characterization revealed the amorphous phase of CaSiO3 when heated at 700 °C and phase transition to the crystalline phase when heated at 950 °C, where pseudowollastonite (α-CaSiO3) and Ca2(SiO4) phases have appeared. Concerning the mechanical properties, flexural strength, and Vickers microhardness for porcelain-CaSiO3 composites were increased with increasing CaSiO3 content in the composites. The maximum values of flexural strength and Vicker microhardness were recorded at P70CS30, and they were 99.85 MPa and 1604 MPa, respectively.
Chemical Inhibition for Steel Corrosion in Succinic acid at Different Temperature
Authors: Assi Abdullah Dhayea , Al-Alawy Ramy Mohamed Jebir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The steel infrastructure is continuously under corrosive attack in most environmental and industrial conditions. There is an ongoing search for environmentally friendly, highly effective inhibitor compounds that can provide a protective action in situations ranging from the marine environment to oil and gas pipelines. The corrosion inhibition of transmission steel in 1M HCl cell in the presence of succinic acid at temperatures (20,30,40,50 and 60) °C at concentrations within the range (10−6- 10−4) M for two hours using the weight loss method (WLM). The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and increases with temperature up to 60°C. The activation significance of the corrosion rates was calculated as the activation energy Ea, the change of the activation entropy ΔH, and the change in the activation entropy ΔS. Also, results show that the inhibition efficiency was increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration and increased with the increase of temperature up to 60°C. Activation parameters of the corrosion process include activation energies (Ea), activation enthalpies (ΔH), and activation entropies (ΔS). The results also showed that the adsorption of the inhibitor is subjected to the Langmuir law, and the maximum efficiency reached approximately 97% at 60°C in the 10−4M inhibitor concentration.
External strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with strand without stressing under flexural loading
Authors: Iswanto I , Oesman M , Mujiman M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research was purposed to study the composite behavior and the increased capacity of reinforced concrete beam strength under flexural loading caused by external strand strength without stressing. The specimen is divided into 2 types. Type-I specimen has (150 x 300 x 3200) mm dimension with center point loading, and distance of strand clamp as (Ubars) variable; whereas, the Type-II specimen has (200 x 300 x 3200) mm dimension with third point loading, and the number of strand as variable. The test is carried out by static-monotonic loading, and displacement control. Experimental test results shows that the addition of strand on the lower surface of the beam increase the beam’s load capacity. However, the use of U- bars affects the stability of the concrete. The tighter distance of the U-bars decrease the capacity of the strengthening occured. The increased load capacity of Type I specimens, S3-150, S5-150 and S9-150 are 33.2%, 17%, and 12.1% against control beam (BK-150), respectively. Whereas, the increased capacity of the type-II beam strength of test specimens B1-200 and B2-200 are 10% and 17% against control beam (BN-200), respectively. And the increase of initial stiffness of beam Type-I test specimen S3-150, S5-150, and S9-150 are 14%, 18% and 5% against control beam (BK-150), respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of initial stiffness of Type-II beam of test specimens B1-200 and B2-200 are 21% and 24% against control beam (BN-200), respectively. This study shows that concrete and strand bonding is not compatible. The concrete has been reaching the limit strain, as well as the steel reinforcement in the concrete has been in yielded; meanwhile, strand that has fy is much higher than fy of reinforced steel, is still in elastic condition.
Mapping of flood-prone-zone and puddle-prone-zone in Cimahi city, West Java province
Authors: Karnisah I , Astor Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change and advanced urbanization level followed by the changing function of an area affect to the amount of water absorption area. It causes puddle and flood in city, include Cimahi, West Java, which is in the last 10 years has been surrounded by flood and puddle. To avoid the flood case in Cimahi, the re-identification and flood-factor inventory are needed. The identification and inventory are using the simplest method (literary study from any source), start from discussing session with Cimahi government, interviewing and filling questioner to the citizen who live in flood and puddle area, measuring river and drainage profile, counting the capacity of river and drainage, until simulating the 2-dimension and 3-dimension of flood and puddle. The result of the identification and inventory is shown in Flood-Prone-Zone Map and Puddle-Prone-Zone Map. According to Cimahi’s Flood-Prone-Zone Map, it shows that the flood-safe area is about 110,747 ha (2,70%), the not-flood-prone area is about 494,233 ha (12,05%), the flood-prone area is about 2016,474ha (49,18%), and the very-flood-prone area is about 1478,799 ha (36,07%). According to Cimahi’s Puddle-Prone-Zone Map, it shows that the puddle-safe area is about 128,616 ha (3,14%), the not-puddle-prone area is about 551,246 ha (13,44%), the puddle prone area is about 2702,826 ha (65,92%), and the very-puddle prone area is about 717,556 ha (17,50%). The Flood-Prone-Zone Map and the Puddle-Prone-Zone Map can be used as a reference for the Cimahi Government in formulating the policy of regional development.
Speed control system in mobile robot based on Bezier curve trajectory
Authors: Alfatih M F , Riyadi M A , Setiawan I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of robot technology is currently growing rapidly. Mobile robot is one robot with many applications in everyday life. One of the important things in the field of mobile robots is the problem of trajectories or trajectories, in this case how robots can track approved paths. In this study, the mobile robot control system has been tested to track tracks. The path used in this study is the third-order Bezier Order, with control points and end points of the predetermined pathway. Based on the results of simulation tests on the development of mobile robot trajectories, based on the results of simulation tests on mobile robots, it is found that the performance of the track tracking control system is very dependent on the placement of the Bezier curve control points or in other words the actual path formed by the robot is greatly influenced by the shape of the Bezier trajectory that was designed.
Bandwidth constrained distributed estimation for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wardihani E D , Suharjono A , Sayekti I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The focus of this paper is power constrained in wireless sensor networks. We purpose an adaptive transmit power levels based on sensors noise variance and channel conditions. We also investigate its impact on energy saving. First, the measurement results of the sensors are quantized into discrete messages. Second, the quantized data are transmitted to the fusion center where a final estimate is generated. The optimal transmit power levels for each sensor is determined by the sensor noise levels and channels conditions from sensor to the fusion center. The goal is minimized the total transmitting power, while ensuring a given Mean Squared Error (MSE) performance. The sensor will be active when the measurement results of the sensors have low noises variances and the condition of the channel between the sensor and the FC is good and if the conditions are otherwise the sensor is not active with the aim of saving power. For the remaining active sensors, their optimal transmit power levels are determined jointly by individual channels gain, local observation noise variance sensor and the targeted MSE performance. Numerical examples show that an adaptive power levels achieves significantly smaller MSE than uniform power levels for the same average power consumption.
Web-based rule-based expert system to screen postpartum depression
Authors: Mufidati D , Widyawati M N , Suryono S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high prevalence of postpartum depression significantly increases maternal morbidity. Lack of diagnosis for postpartum depression results in mothers missing early treatment necessary. The traditional screening method using questionnaire presents its own disadvantage in diagnosis. Therefore, development of postpartum screening method that focuses on ease in implementation is very much needed to improve postpartum maternal health. This paper proposes a screening information system for postpartum depression to help its proper treatment. This research employed the rule-based method to diagnose postpartum depression and the expert system to input symptoms data that will result in diagnoses. Respondents input symptoms data to be diagnosed by the system. The system then automatically generate output of suggested treatment based on expert input associated with the diagnoses the system is working on. This research employed the Randomized Control Trial method with Control Group Pre and Post Tests Design. Samples of this research were 52 postpartum mothers consisting of 26 respondents in the system group, and the other 26 in the manual group. Results show that 42.31% (n=11) of mothers suffer from postpartum depression. There is a significant difference in EPDS score prior to and after the use of the information system (P=0.000). The system also successfully generated very high TAM score, meaning that it is capable of postpartum screening along with ease of use and some other advantages. Therefore, screening for postpartum depression using information system is very effective and ensures proper and timely treatment.
Accelerometer sensor data analysis of bridge structural health monitoring system
Authors: Hapsari A A , Supriyanto E , Hasan A , Suharjono A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for monitoring systems continues to grow, as it is required data analysis of a sensor node in which there is an accelerometer, use WSN system intended for structural health monitoring application. This monitoring system prototype, built by integrating software and hardware with device microcontroller and sensor. The node sensor produces data and processed with a microcontroller, the resulting data is then immediately transmitted to the cloud by internet network using MQTT. The system was built with a firmware-based Internet of Things (IoT) and this verified using accelerometer sensor node. The data has also been explored and analyzed in the time domain and frequency domain using FFT. Using MQTT, data can be sent directly to the internet in the form of raw data or graph data over time. And in this paper authors do an analysis of the raw data of the output sensor accelerometer ADXL345 and applied to monitor the bridge. From experiments, conducted output accelerometer sensor can vary depending on the sensitivity of the values.