bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Manoogian Emily N C , Chow Lisa S , Taub Pam R , Laferrère Blandine , Panda Satchidananda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTime-restricted feeding (TRF, animal-based studies) and time-restricted eating (TRE, humans) are an emerging behavioral intervention approach based on the understanding of the role of circadian rhythms in physiology and metabolism. In this approach, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval of less than 12 hours without overtly attempting to reduce calories. This article will summarize the origin of TRF/TRE starting with concept of circadian rhythms and the role of chronic circadian rhythm disruption in increasing the risk for chronic metabolic diseases. Circadian rhythms are usually perceived as the sleep-wake cycle and dependent rhythms arising from the central nervous system. However, the recent discovery of circadian rhythms in peripheral organs and the plasticity of these rhythms in response to changes in nutrition availability raised the possibility that adopting a consistent daily short window of feeding can sustain robust circadian rhythm. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated proof of concept and identified potential mechanisms driving TRF-related benefits. Pilot human intervention studies have reported promising results in reducing the risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated that maintaining a consistent long overnight fast, which is similar to TRE, can significantly reduce risks for chronic diseases. Despite these early successes, more clinical and mechanistic studies are needed to implement TRE alone or as adjuvant lifestyle intervention for the prevention and management of chronic metabolic diseases.
The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 promotes efficient tip cell sprouting during angiogenesis
Authors: Grant Zoe L. , Hickey Peter F. , Abeysekera Waruni , Whitehead Lachlan , Lewis Sabrina M. , Symons Robert C. A. , Baldwin Tracey M. , Amann-Zalcenstein Daniela , Garnham Alexandra L. , Naik Shalin H. , Smyth Gordon K. , Thomas Tim , Voss Anne K. , Coultas Leigh 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Blood vessel growth and remodelling are essential during embryonic development and disease pathogenesis. The diversity of endothelial cells (ECs) is transcriptionally evident and ECs undergo dynamic changes in gene expression during vessel growth and remodelling. Here, we investigated the role of the histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (KAT7), which is important for activating genes during development and for histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac). Loss of HBO1 and H3K14ac impaired developmental sprouting angiogenesis and reduced pathological EC overgrowth in the retinal endothelium. Single-cell RNA sequencing of retinal ECs revealed an increased abundance of tip cells in Hbo1-deficient retinas, which led to EC overcrowding in the retinal sprouting front and prevented efficient tip cell migration. We found that H3K14ac was highly abundant in the endothelial genome in both intra- and intergenic regions, suggesting that HBO1 acts as a genome organiser that promotes efficient tip cell behaviour necessary for sprouting angiogenesis.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Collegiate Student-Athlete Training, Health, and Well-Being
Authors: Chandler Alexa J. , Arent Michelle A. , Cintineo Harry P. , Torres-McGehee Toni M. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Arent Shawn M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 and stay-at-home (SAH) orders on collegiate student-athletes’ training, nutrition, sleep habits, and mental health and to identify disparities between sexes and competitive divisions.

Methods
Collegiate student-athletes (n = 401; age, 20 ± 2 yr) completed an 84-question anonymous survey regarding demographics, sport/exercise training, nutrition, sleep habits, and mental health. Response frequencies were calculated for each question, and χ2 analyses were used to determine statistical significance (α = 0.05).

Results
Although 80.7% of respondents indicated training for their sport, only 38.7% could fully perform their training programs. More D1 versus D3 athletes reported they could perform their training plan as written (D1: 44.4% [n = 83] vs D3: 27.3% [n = 50]; P < 0.01), but there were no differences between sexes. Cardiovascular exercise was the most common mode (87.5%) followed by resistance exercise (78.4%). Although there were no differences for cardiovascular exercise, more males (87.5%) than females (74.8%) indicated resistance training (P < 0.01). Average number of meals consumed per day remained similar before and during SAH, but females reported consuming less food and perceived increased healthfulness of their diets. Although most athletes did not use nutritional supplements, rates were higher among D3 and females. Respondents reported longer sleep durations but increased sleep disturbances, negative psychological states, and overall concerns during SAH. Maintaining fitness and sport-specific skills (~70.0%) were the most common concerns. In addition, ~60.6% of females and 41.9% of males indicated increased mental health concerns.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that while attempting to be diligent with training during SAH, many student-athletes reported difficulties regarding limited equipment, motivation, and mental health concerns such as heightened anxiety. Many of these difficulties were division- and sex-specific. Discussions between coaches and student-athletes regarding SAH training and mental stressors may aid in determining student-athletes’ readiness to return to sport.
Diagnostic test accuracy of artificial intelligence analysis of cross-sectional imaging in pulmonary hypertension: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hardacre Conor J , Robertshaw Joseph A , Barratt Shaney L , Adams Hannah L , MacKenzie Ross Robert V , Robinson Graham RE , Suntharalingam Jay , Pauling John D , Rodrigues Jonathan Carl Luis 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To undertake the first systematic review examining the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to cross-sectional imaging for the diagnosis of acquired pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: Searches of Medline, Embase and Web of Science were undertaken on 1 July 2020. Original publications studying AI applied to cross-sectional imaging for the diagnosis of acquired PAH in adults were identified through two-staged double-blinded review. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies and Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine frameworks. Narrative synthesis was undertaken following Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines. This review received no funding and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID:CRD42020196295). Results: Searches returned 476 citations. Three retrospective observational studies, published between 2016 and 2020, were selected for data-extraction. Two methods applied to cardiac-MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with the best model achieving AUC=0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.93), 89% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Stronger results were achieved using cardiac-MRI for classification of idiopathic PAH, achieving AUC=0.97 (95% CI: 0.89–1.0), 96% sensitivity and 87% specificity. One study reporting CT-based AI demonstrated lower accuracy, with 64.6% sensitivity and 97.0% specificity. Conclusions: Automated methods for identifying PAH on cardiac-MRI are emerging with high diagnostic accuracy. AI applied to cross-sectional imaging may provide non-invasive support to reduce diagnostic delay in PAH. This would be helped by stronger solutions in other modalities. Advances in knowledge: There is a significant shortage of research in this important area. Early detection of PAH would be supported by further research advances on the promising emerging technologies identified.
Bunch characteristics evolution for lepton and hadron rings under the influence of the intra-beam scattering effect
Authors: Παπαδοπούλου Στεφανία 
Published: September 2021

Η φυσική παράμετρος που ποσοτικοποιεί την παραγωγή των γεγονότων σωματιδίων και συνεπώς την απόδοση ενός επιταχυντή είναι η φωτεινότητα. Υψηλές φωτεινότητες επιτυγχάνονται αυξάνοντας τον πληθυσμό σωματιδίων σε συγκεκριμένο όγκο του φασικού χώρου (εκπεμπτικότητα - emittance) της δέσμης. Η φωτεινότητα των επιταχυντικών δακτυλίων λεπτονίων και αδρονίων περιορίζεται από ένα συνδυασμό φαινομένων που προκαλούν απώλειες σωματιδίων και αύξηση της emittance. Συγκεκριμένα, η ενδο-δεσμική σκέδαση (intra-beam scattering - IBS) επηρεάζει την ποιότητα της δέσμης, μέσω της αύξησης της emittance. Τα υπάρχοντα θεωρητικά μοντέλα της IBS και οι προσεγγίσεις τους, θεωρούν πως οι δέσμες είναι και παραμένουν Γκαουσιανές. Η παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζει το σχεδιασμό και τη βελτιστοποίηση της οπτικής του μαγνητικού πλέγματος για ένα δακτύλιο λεπτονίων και τη μελέτη της εξέλιξης των χαρακτηριστικών της δέσμης για ένα δακτύλιο αδρονίων, υπό την επίδραση της IBS. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την IBS, βάσει αναλυτικών αποτελεσμάτων και αριθμητικών προσομοιώσεων, μελετήθηκε η βελτιστοποίηση του σχεδιασμού της οπτικής για τους δακτυλίους απόσβεσης (Damping Ring - DR) του Γραμμικόυ Συμπαγή Συγκρουστήρα (Compact Linear Collider - CLIC). Συγκεκριμένα, με στόχο τη μείωση της emittance των DRs, χρησιμοποιούνται δίπολα των οποίων το μαγνητικό πεδίο μεταβάλλεται διαμήκως, σε συνδυασμό με υπεραγώγιμους συστρεφόμενους μαγνήτες απόσβεσης υψηλού πεδίου. Επίσης, βάσει μετρήσεων και προσομοιώσεων Monte-Carlo, μελετάται η αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ της IBS και φαινομένων ακτινοβολίας για τον Μεγάλο Επιταχυντή Αδρονίων (Large Hadron Collider - LHC), ώστε να κατανοηθεί η εξέλιξη των παραμέτρων της δέσμης που καθορίζουν την παραγόμενη φωτεινότητα. Για τις κατανομές των δεσμών σωματιδίων του LHC, οι οποίες παρατηρούνται να είναι μη Γκαουσιανές κατά τον κύκλο ενέργειας του LHC, χρησιμοποιούνται κατάλληλες συναρτήσεις κατανομών για την ακριβή περιγραφή τους. Επιπλέον, ερευνώνται οι επιπτώσεις των μη Γκαουσιανών κατανομών στην εκτίμηση του μεγέθους της δέσμης και συνεπώς της φωτεινότητας. Τέλος, υπογραμμίζεται η σημασία της ανάπτυξης αναλυτικών τύπων και εργαλείων προσομοίωσης που υπολογίζουν την IBS για οποιαδήποτε κατανομή.
Factors Associated With COVID‐19 Disease Severity in US Children and Adolescents
Authors: Antoon James W , Grijalva Carlos G , Thurm Cary , Richardson Troy , Spaulding Alicen B , II Ronald J Teufel , Reyes Mario A , Shah Samir S , Burns Julianne E , Kenyon Chén C , Hersh Adam L , Williams Derek J 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the clinical factors associated with COVID‐19 disease severity in children and adolescents.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study across 45 US children's hospitals between April 2020 to September 2020 of pediatric patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of COVID‐19. We assessed factors associated with hospitalization and factors associated with clinical severity (eg, admission to inpatient floor, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], admission to ICU with mechanical ventilation, shock, death) among those hospitalized.RESULTSAmong 19,976 COVID‐19 encounters, 15,913 (79.7%) patients were discharged from the emergency department (ED) and 4063 (20.3%) were hospitalized. The clinical severity distribution among those hospitalized was moderate (3222, 79.3%), severe (431, 11.3%), and very severe (380, 9.4%). Factors associated with hospitalization vs discharge from the ED included private payor insurance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR],1.16; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.3), obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) (aOR, 10.4; 95% CI, 8.9‐13.3), asthma (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6), cardiovascular disease, (aOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 4.3‐5.8), immunocompromised condition (aOR, 5.9; 95% CI, 5.0‐6.7), pulmonary disease (aOR, 5.3; 95% CI, 3.4‐8.2), and neurologic disease (aOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.7‐5.8). Among children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID‐19, greater disease severity was associated with Black or other non‐White race; age greater than 4 years; and obesity/type 2 DM, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and pulmonary conditions.CONCLUSIONSAmong children and adolescents presenting to US children's hospital EDs with COVID‐19, 20% were hospitalized; of these, 21% received care in the ICU. Older children and adolescents had a lower risk for hospitalization but more severe illness when hospitalized. There were differences in disease severity by race and ethnicity and the presence of selected comorbidities. These factors should be taken into consideration when prioritizing mitigation and vaccination strategies.
Perspectives audiovisuals de l'espai a Llucià de Samòsata
Authors: Solé Gimeno David 
Published: September 2021

En un context en què els estudis sobre la percepció sensorial en l’Antiguitat són tendència, aquest article es proposa analitzar i demostrar com els sentits de la vista i l’oïda juguen un paper determinant en la construcció imaginària de l’espai a Llucià de Samòsata.
Si diverses evocacions sensorials activen una vívida ficció a Relats verídics (el receptor de la narració n’experimenta amb molta enárgeia les circumstantiae espacials), una sèrie de reflexions de caràcter audiovisual reprodueixen l’espai (circumstantia que, aquí, esdevé temàtica principal) descrit a Sobre la sala. Efectivament, l’autor insisteix en una sèrie d’evocacions visuals i auditives que promourien la imaginació d’un autèntic espai de declamació i performance fins al punt que arribarem a considerar aquesta laliá com una metàfora il·lustrativa de les bones pràctiques d’un sofista.
Comprovarem, doncs, com l’autor de Samòsata tenia una tendència habitual a recórrer als sentits de la percepció per captar l’atenció de l’auditori, implicar-lo en el context de les seves composicions i fer que imaginés vivament les situacions i els espais descrits.
Ongoing Transformation in the Field of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Taking Action for Future Progress
Authors: Schalock Robert L. , Luckasson Ruth , Tassé Marc J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere has been a significant transformation in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the last 5 decades. Although this transformation has profoundly influenced multiple stakeholders, the field is currently at a critical juncture and facing a number of social and political challenges. Given the relevance of the question, “where is the field of IDD and where do we go,” the present article describes the field's transformation, and suggests future action steps to facilitate and sustain the transformation. The seven action steps discussed in the article relate to using precise terminology, incorporating a functional and holistic approach to IDD, embracing the supports model and evidence-based practices, implementing outcome evaluation, empowering individuals and families, understanding better the multidimensional properties of context, and incorporating an explicit notion of professional responsibility.
Effect of Online Palliative Care Training on Knowledge and Self-Efficacy of Direct Care Workers
Authors: Kim Jinsook , Gray Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of an online training on palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy among staff working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Staff from four nonprofit residential and day services organizations in a U.S. Midwestern state participated. Among 132 staff who completed a baseline assessment, a 2-hour online training, and a posttest, 98 staff completed a 1-month follow-up survey. Palliative care knowledge was assessed before and after the training, and palliative care self-efficacy, at baseline and 1-month follow-up. We used linear regression to identify the factors that influence the effect of the training on main outcomes. Overall palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy significantly improved while higher education and longer work tenure enhanced training effectiveness.
Job Interview and Vocational Outcomes Among Transition-Age Youth Receiving Special Education Pre-Employment Transition Services
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Sherwood Kari , Blajeski Shannon , Ross Brittany , Smith Justin D. , Jordan Neil , Dawalt Leann , Bishop Lauren , Atkins Marc S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Vocational outcomes among transition-age youth receiving special education services are critically poor and have only incrementally improved since the implementation of the Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act. Few studies highlight whether interviewing may be critical to obtaining vocational outcomes such as competitive employment or internships. This study evaluated vocational interviewing and outcomes among 656 transition-age youth receiving special education pre-employment transition services from 47 schools. Results suggest 20.8% of these youth were currently employed, and 88.8% of these employed youth interviewed prior to obtaining their job, which is higher than anecdotal evidence suggests and speaks to the importance of job interview skills as an intervention target for special education pre-employment transition services. We discuss the implications and directions for further study.
Hemodynamics-driven mathematical model of first and second heart sound generation
Authors: Shahmohammadi Mehrdad , Luo Hongxing , Westphal Philip , Cornelussen Richard N. , Prinzen Frits W. , Delhaas Tammo 
Published: September 2021

We propose a novel, two-degree of freedom mathematical model of mechanical vibrations of the heart that generates heart sounds in CircAdapt, a complete real-time model of the cardiovascular system. Heart sounds during rest, exercise, biventricular (BiVHF), left ventricular (LVHF) and right ventricular heart failure (RVHF) were simulated to examine model functionality in various conditions. Simulated and experimental heart sound components showed both qualitative and quantitative agreements in terms of heart sound morphology, frequency, and timing. Rate of left ventricular pressure (LV dp/dtmax) and first heart sound (S1) amplitude were proportional with exercise level. The relation of the second heart sound (S2) amplitude with exercise level was less significant. BiVHF resulted in amplitude reduction of S1. LVHF resulted in reverse splitting of S2 and an amplitude reduction of only the left-sided heart sound components, whereas RVHF resulted in a prolonged splitting of S2 and only a mild amplitude reduction of the right-sided heart sound components. In conclusion, our hemodynamics-driven mathematical model provides fast and realistic simulations of heart sounds under various conditions and may be helpful to find new indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac diseases.

New & noteworthy
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hemodynamic-based heart sound generation model embedded in a complete real-time computational model of the cardiovascular system. Simulated heart sounds are similar to experimental and clinical measurements, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our model can be used to investigate the relationships between heart sound acoustic features and hemodynamic factors/anatomical parameters.
Cholera outbreak in Forcibly Displaced Myanmar National (FDMN) from a small population segment in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2019
Authors: Faruque Abu S. G. , Khan Azharul Islam , Nahar Baitun , Islam S. M. Rafiqul , Hossain M. Nasif , Abdullah Syed Asif , Khan Soroar Hossain , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Khan Feroz Hayat , Prajapati Mukeshkumar , Widiati Yulia , Hasan A. S. M. Mainul , Kim Minjoon , Musto Jennie , Vandenent Maya , Clemens John David , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: September 2021

Background
Bangladesh experienced a sudden, large influx of forcibly displaced persons from Myanmar in August 2017. A cholera outbreak occurred in the displaced population during September-December 2019. This study aims to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of cholera patients who were hospitalized in diarrhea treatment centers (DTCs) and sought care from settlements of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) as well as host country nationals during the cholera outbreak.

Methods
Diarrhea Treatment Center (DTC) based surveillance was carried out among the FDMN and host population in Teknaf and Leda DTCs hospitalized for cholera during September-December 2019.

Results
During the study period, 147 individuals with cholera were hospitalized. The majority, 72% of patients reported to Leda DTC. Nearly 65% sought care from FDMN settlements. About 47% of the cholera individuals were children less than 5 years old and 42% were aged 15 years and more. Half of the cholera patients were females. FDMN often reported from Camp # 26 (45%), followed by Camp # 24 (36%), and Camp # 27 (12%). Eighty-two percent of the cholera patients reported watery diarrhea. Some or severe dehydration was observed in 65% of cholera individuals. Eighty-one percent of people with cholera received pre-packaged ORS at home. About 88% of FDMN cholera patients reported consumption of public tap water. Pit latrine without water seal was often used by FDMN cholera individuals (78%).

Conclusion
Vigilance for cholera patients by routine surveillance, preparedness, and response readiness for surges and oral cholera vaccination campaigns can alleviate the threats of cholera.
Acute Pain Service in Hungarian hospitals
Authors: Lovasi Orsolya , Lám Judit , Schutzmann Réka , Gaál Péter 
Published: September 2021

Background
Surgical procedures play an increasing role among health technologies to treat diseases. Pain often accompanies such diseases, both as a result of their pathology, but also as the side-effect of the intervention itself, and it is not only a burdensome subjective feeling, but adversely affects the recovery process, can induce complications and increases treatment costs. Acute Pain Service Teams are becoming increasingly widespread in hospitals to address post-operative pain, yet we have so far no data on how many hospitals have actually adopted this technology in Hungary.

Objectives
The main objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of Acute Pain Service Teams, map their structure and operation, as well as to understand the barriers and conducive factors of their establishment in Hungarian hospitals.

Methods
We carried out a survey among the 72 hospitals with surgical departments. The questionnaire was filled in by 52 providers, which gave us a response rate of 72.2%.

Results
Our results show, that only two of the responding hospitals have Acute Pain Service Teams albeit their structure and operation are in line with the literature. In the 50 hospitals without such teams, financing difficulties and human resources shortages are mentioned to be the most important obstacles of their establishment, but the lack of initiative and interest on the part of the specialities concerned are also an important barrier.

Conclusions
Lagging behind the more affluent EU member states, but similarly to other Central and Eastern European countries, Acute Pain Service has been hardly adopted by Hungarian hospitals. Hungarian health professionals know the technology and would support its wider introduction, if the technical feasibility barriers could be overcome. Health policy should play a more active role to facilitate change in this area, the investment in which promises a substantial return in terms of health gains and cost savings.