bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature termination of the unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: The role of ambivalence towards change
Authors: Oliveira João Tiago , Sousa Inês , Ribeiro António P. , Gonçalves Miguel M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmbivalence towards change is an expected, recurrent process in psychological change. However, the prolonged experience of ambivalence in psychotherapy contributes to client disengagement, which could result in treatment dropout. Considering the negative effects of premature termination of therapy and the convenience of the identification of clients who are at risk of dropping out before achieving good‐outcome, the current study explored the predictive power of ambivalence for premature therapy termination using a multilevel time‐backwards model (i.e., considering the session of the dropout as session zero and then modelling what occurred from the dropout until session 1). Participants included a total of 96 psychotherapy clients (38 dropouts) treated in a university‐based clinic following the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Multilevel modelling using a time‐backwards model to analyse dropout data provided evidence of the predictive power of ambivalence evolution throughout treatment on the decision to prematurely discontinue treatment (p < .0001;R2adj = .29). Specifically, good‐outcome dropouts presented a decreasing ambivalence trend throughout treatment, whereas poor‐outcome dropouts tended to experience the same levels of ambivalence before deciding to drop out (time × dropout;β11 = .64,p = .014). Additionally, poor‐outcome dropouts presented higher levels of ambivalence (β01 = 9.92,p < .0001) in the last session. The results suggest that the pattern of client ambivalence towards change is a predictor of premature termination of therapy. Implications for clinical and research contexts are discussed.
2‐Quinolyl Benzodiazaborine: A Tunable Platform for Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens via Formation of Dimeric Borate Crystals with Acid Additives
Authors: Shimo Shunsuke , Nakamura Takumu , Takahashi Kohei , Toriumi Naoyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract2‐Quinolyl benzodiazaborine (DAB) was synthesized and its conversion to a borate species was investigated. Addition of carboxylic acids and hydrogen fluoride led to facile formation of a stable borate derivative, whose structure was unambiguously characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The borates show intense aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in crystals, which is thought to be derived from a rigid dimeric structure with intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Proteome‐Scale Drug‐Target Interaction Predictions: Approaches and Applications
Authors: MacKinnon Stephen Scott , Madani Tonekaboni S. A. , Windemuth Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrug‐Target interaction predictions are an important cornerstone of computer‐aided drug discovery. While predictive methods around individual targets have a long history, the application of proteome‐scale models is relatively recent. In this overview, we will provide the context required to understand advances in this emerging field within computational drug discovery, evaluate emerging technologies for suitability to given tasks, and provide guidelines for the design and implementation of new drug‐target interaction prediction models. We will discuss the validation approaches used, and propose a set of key criteria that should be applied to evaluate their validity. We note that we find widespread deficiencies in the existing literature, making it difficult to judge the practical effectiveness of some of the techniques proposed from their publications alone. We hope that this review may help remedy this situation and increase awareness of several sources of bias that may enter into commonly used cross‐validation methods. © 2021 Cyclica Inc. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synthesis and Purification of N3‐Methylcytidine (m3C) Modified RNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Mathivanan Johnsi , Du Jinxi , Mao Song , Zheng Ya Ying , Sheng Jia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis protocol describes a step‐by‐step chemical synthesis approach to prepare N3‐methylcytidine (m3C) and its phosphoramidite. The method for synthesizing m3C starts from commercially available cytidine, and proceeds via N3‐methylation in the presence of MeI, which generates the N3‐methylcytidine (m3C) nucleoside, followed by the installation of several protecting groups at sites that include the 5'‐hydroxyl group (4,4'‐dimethoxytrityl protection), the 4‐amino group (benzoyl protection), and the 2'‐hydroxyl group (tert‐butyldimethylsilyl, TBDMS, protection). Standard phosphoramidite chemistry is applied to prepare the final m3C phosphoramidite for solid‐phase synthesis of a series of RNA oligonucleotides. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of N3‐methylcytidine (m3C) and its phosphoramiditeBasic Protocol 2: Automated synthesis of m3C modified RNA oligonucleotides
Whole transcriptome analysis of high and low IFN‐α producers reveals differential response patterns following rhinovirus stimulation
Authors: Murray Liisa M , Thillaiyampalam Gayathri , Xi Yang , Cristino Alexandre S , Upham John W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesViral respiratory infections cause considerable morbidity and economic loss. While rhinoviruses (RV) typically cause little more than the common cold, they can produce severe infections and disease exacerbations in susceptible individuals, such as those with asthma. Variations in the regulation of key antiviral cytokines, particularly type I interferon (IFN‐α and IFN‐β), may contribute to RV susceptibility. To understand this variability, we compared the transcriptomes of high and low type I IFN producers.MethodsBlood mononuclear cells from 238 individuals with or without asthma were cultured in the presence or absence of RV. Those samples demonstrating high or low RV‐stimulated IFN‐α production (N = 75) underwent RNA‐sequencing.ResultsGene expression patterns were similar in samples from healthy participants and those with asthma. At baseline, the high IFN‐α producer group showed higher expression of genes associated with plasmacytoid dendritic cells, the innate immune response and vitamin D activation, but lower expression of oxidative stress pathways than the low IFN‐α producer group. After RV stimulation, the high IFN‐α producer group showed higher expression of genes found in immune response biological pathways and lower expression of genes linked to developmental and catabolic processes when compared to the low IFN‐α producer group.ConclusionsThese differences suggest that the high IFN‐α group has a higher level of immune system readiness, resulting in a more intense and perhaps more focussed pathogen‐specific immune response. These results contribute to a better understanding of the variability in type I IFN production between individuals.
Projected impacts of climate change on snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Li Jia , Xue Yadong , Hacker Charlotte E. , Zhang Yu , Li Ye , Cong Wei , Jin Lixiao , Li Gang , Wu Bo , Li Diqiang , Zhang Yuguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAssessing species’ vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to reduce emerging climate‐related threats. We used the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt model) to assess potential changes in suitable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Qinghai Province, China, under a mild climate change scenario. Our results showed that the area of suitable snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province was 302,821 km2 under current conditions and 228,997 km2 under the 2050s climatic scenario, with a mean upward shift in elevation of 90 m. At present, nature reserves protect 38.78% of currently suitable habitat and will protect 42.56% of future suitable habitat. Current areas of climate refugia amounted to 212,341 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Sanjiangyuan region, Qilian mountains, and surrounding areas. Our results provide valuable information for formulating strategies to meet future conservation challenges brought on by climate stress. We suggest that conservation efforts in Qinghai Province should focus on protecting areas of climate refugia and on maintaining or building corridors when planning for future species management.
Association of self‐reported financial burden with quality of life and oncologic outcomes in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Farnan Laura , Sheth Siddharth , Zevallos Jose P. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data on financial toxicity among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MaterialsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of patients with HNSCC surveyed at an outpatient oncology clinic.ResultsThe sample included 202 patients with HNSCC with a mean age of 59.6 years (SD 10.0). There were 53 patients (26%) with self‐reported financial burden. Education of high school or less was a significant predictor of self‐reported financial burden (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.03–6.14, p = 0.042). Patients reporting financial burden had significantly worse physical (p = 0.003), mental (p = 0.003), and functional (p = 0.036) health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients reporting financial burden appeared to have lower 5‐year overall survival (74.3% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.165), but this association did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionFinancial burden or toxicity may affect approximately a quarter of patients with HNSCC and appears to be associated with worse HRQOL outcomes.
Controlled release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from bioactive nerve grafts promotes nerve regeneration in rats with facial nerve injuries
Authors: Ma Fukai , Wang Hanming , Yang Xiaosheng , Wu Yiwei , Liao Chenlong , Xie Bingran , Li Yi , Zhang Wenchuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is critical to repair severed facial nerves, as lack of treatment may cause long‐term motor and sensory impairments. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) plays an important role in terms of enhancing nerve axon regrowth and maturation during peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. However, simple application of CNTF to the transected nerve site does not afford functional recovery, because it is rapidly flushed away by bodily fluids. The aim of the present study was the construction of a new, bioactive composite nerve graft facilitating persistent CNTF delivery to aid the reconstruction of facial nerve defects. The in vitro study showed that the bioactive nerve graft generated sustainable CNTF release for more than 25 days. The bioactive nerve graft was then transplanted into the injury sites of rat facial nerves. At 6 and 12 weeks post‐transplantation, functional and histological analyses showed that the bioactive nerve graft featuring immobilized CNTF significantly enhanced nerve regeneration in terms of both axonal outgrowth and Schwann cell proliferation in the rat facial nerve gap model, compared to a collagen tube with adsorbed CNTF that initially released high levels of CNTF. The bioactive nerve graft may serve as novel, controlled bioactive release therapy for facial nerve regeneration.
Modulating response of Zea mays to induced salinity stress through application of nitrate mediated silver nanoparticles and indole acetic acid
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ali Sara , Binte Abid Afroz , Nafees Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has been amplified in different areas of science as well as agriculture in the present era. So, the present work was designed to evaluate the result of nitrate mediated silver nanoparticles (Nit‐AgNPs) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on physio‐biochemical features of the selected maize variety (Pahari white) under 40 and 80 mM salinity induction. Seeds were propagated in triplicates in earthen pots (18 cm inferior and superior inside diameter, 20 cm stature, and 2 cm breadth) filled with silt and soil (1:2) having 3.09–5.12 Electrical conductivity (EC), 6.8–7.3 pH, and 4–16% moisture contents. Scanning electron microscopy results showed the average particle size around 90 nm indicating a high surface area suitable for adsorption properties, agglomerated, roughly spherical, and were uniformly dispersed. Elemental quantification of biosynthesized AgNPs analyzed via energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy showed a strong peak at 3.0 KeV along with the presence of elements K, N, O, and C. Results of Thermo‐gravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) showed endothermic major decline at 150–300°C, while exothermic peak at 300–400°C. The growth responses at 40 mM salinity concentration have been reduced representing from the least boundary of chlorophyll “a,” “b,” and peroxidase content, whereas; this adverse effect has been reduced by operation of Nit‐AgNPs as separate treatment and in combination with IAA. From the current study, it has been concluded that salinity concentration at 80 mM adversely affected the values of osmolytes, protein, and superoxide dismutase whereas the maximum amplitude of proline reduced by the application of Nit‐AgNPs as distinct treatment indicating that the plant behaves normal with the combined application of nanoparticles and IAA.
Iron (III)‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of fused 4H‐pyran derivatives via Knoevenagel‐Michael‐cyclization reaction
Authors: Yang Hongchen , Xiong Dongdong , Peng Yanqing , Shao Xusheng , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA facile and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of fused 4H‐pyran derivatives via one‐pot three components combination of aldehydes, 1,1‐bis(methylthio)‐2‐nitroethylene (BMTNE), and enolketone/dimedone derivatives under the catalysis of FeCl3. The target products could be obtained in moderate to good yields.
Low donor chimerism may be sufficient to prevent demyelination in adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Ikeda Takahiro , Kawahara Yuta , Miyauchi Akihiko , Niijima Hitomi , Furukawa Rieko , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Morimoto Akira , Osaka Hitoshi , Yamagata Takanori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by white matter degeneration caused by adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette subfamily D member 1 (ABCD1) gene mutations, which lead to an accumulation of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most effective treatment; however, the ratio of donor‐to‐recipient cells required to prevent the progression of demyelination is unclear. The proband was diagnosed with the childhood cerebral form of ALD at 5 years of age based on the clinical phenotype, elevated plasma VLCFA levels, and pathogenic ABCD1 mutation c.293C>T (p.Ser98Leu). Soon after the diagnosis, he became bedridden. At 1 year of age, his younger brother was found to carry the same ABCD1 mutation; despite being asymptomatic, at 1 year and 9 months, head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high‐signal‐intensity lesions in the cerebral white matter. The patient underwent unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) with a reduced conditioning regimen, which resulted in mixed chimerism. For 7 years after UCBT, the donor chimerism remained low (<10%) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, even though a second HSCT was not performed, his neurological symptoms and brain MRI findings did not deteriorate. Our case suggests that even a small number of donor cells may prevent demyelination in ALD. This is an important case when considering the timing of a second HSCT.
Segmentation of the Aorta and Pulmonary Arteries Based on 4D Flow MRI in the Pediatric Setting Using Fully Automated Multi‐Site, Multi‐Vendor, and Multi‐Label Dense U‐Net
Authors: Fujiwara Takashi , Berhane Haben , Scott Michael B. , Englund Erin K. , Schäfer Michal , Fonseca Brian , Berthusen Alexander , Robinson Joshua D. , Rigsby Cynthia K. , Browne Lorna P. , Markl Michael , Barker Alex J. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAutomated segmentation using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been developed using four‐dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To broaden usability for congenital heart disease (CHD), training with multi‐institution data is necessary. However, the performance impact of heterogeneous multi‐site and multi‐vendor data on CNNs is unclear.PurposeTo investigate multi‐site CNN segmentation of 4D flow MRI for pediatric blood flow measurement.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 174 subjects across two sites (female: 46%; N = 38 healthy controls, N = 136 CHD patients). Participants from site 1 (N = 100), site 2 (N = 74), and both sites (N = 174) were divided into subgroups to conduct 10‐fold cross validation (10% for testing, 90% for training).Field Strength/Sequence3 T/1.5 T; retrospectively gated gradient recalled echo‐based 4D flow MRI.AssessmentAccuracy of the 3D CNN segmentations trained on data from single site (single‐site CNNs) and data across both sites (multi‐site CNN) were evaluated by geometrical similarity (Dice score, human segmentation as ground truth) and net flow quantification at the ascending aorta (Qs), main pulmonary artery (Qp), and their balance (Qp/Qs), between human observers, single‐site and multi‐site CNNs.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, and Bland–Altman analysis. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsNo difference existed between single‐site and multi‐site CNNs for geometrical similarity in the aorta by Dice score (site 1: 0.916 vs. 0.915, P = 0.55; site 2: 0.906 vs. 0.904, P = 0.69) and for the pulmonary arteries (site 1: 0.894 vs. 0.895, P = 0.64; site 2: 0.870 vs. 0.869, P = 0.96). Qs site‐1 medians were 51.0–51.3 mL/cycle (P = 0.81) and site‐2 medians were 66.7–69.4 mL/cycle (P = 0.84). Qp site‐1 medians were 46.8–48.0 mL/cycle (P = 0.97) and site‐2 medians were 76.0–77.4 mL/cycle (P = 0.98). Qp/Qs site‐1 medians were 0.87–0.88 (P = 0.97) and site‐2 medians were 1.01–1.03 (P = 0.43). Bland–Altman analysis for flow quantification found equivalent performance.Data ConclusionMulti‐site CNN‐based segmentation and blood flow measurement are feasible for pediatric 4D flow MRI and maintain performance of single‐site CNNs.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Variations in relative humidity across Poland and its possible impacts on outdoor thermal comfort: An analysis based on hourly data from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Sachindra D. A. , Nowosad M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the variations in relative humidity (RH) and its impacts on outdoor thermal comfort in Poland. The study considered hourly RH data from 44 stations over the period 1995–2020. A countrywide declining trend in average RH was seen over the above period. This trend was more pronounced at stations in central and northwestern Poland. In the majority of the stations, in spring and summer, a statistically significant decline in the average RH was seen in the period 2008–2020 (second half of data) in comparison to that in the period 1995–2007 (first half of data). In all seasons, during the period 1995–2020, frequency distributions of RH corresponding to all stations were heavily left‐skewed and the peak occurred at an RH around about 90–95% or even higher. This indicated that high RH values are frequent in Poland. In the majority of the stations, an increase in the average number of hours per year above high percentiles of RH (95, 96th, 97th, 98th, 99th and 99.5th) and an increase in the average number of hours per year below low percentiles of RH (0.5th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) were seen in the period 2008–2020 compared to that in the period 1995–2007. The above findings lead to the conclusion that occurrences of low and high extremes of RH have increased though the average of RH shows a decline. Also, in the majority of the stations, the number of hot–humid hours and the number of cold–dry hours have increased in the period 2008–2020 compared to those in the period 1995–2007. According to the Discomfort Index, over the period 1995–2020, the outdoor warm thermal comfort in Poland has declined due to high temperature and high humidity.
Maturation‐ and degeneration‐dependent articular cartilage metabolism via optical redox ratio imaging
Authors: Walsh Shannon K. , Soni Rikin , Arendt Lisa M. , Skala Melissa C. , Henak Corinne R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom the two metabolic processes in healthy cartilage, glycolysis has been associated with proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) with matrix synthesis. Recently, metabolic dysregulation was significantly correlated with cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression. While these findings suggest maturation predisposes cartilage to metabolic instability with consequences for tissue maintenance, these links have not been shown. Therefore, this study sought to address three hypotheses (a) chondrocytes exhibit differential metabolic activity between immaturity (0–4 months), adolescence (5–18 months), and maturity (>18 months); (b) perturbation of metabolic activity has consequences on expression of genes pertinent to cartilage tissue maintenance; and (c) severity of cartilage damage is positively correlated with glycolysis and oxphos activity as well as optical redox ratio in postadolescent cartilage. Porcine femoral cartilage samples from pigs (3 days to 6 years) underwent optical redox ratio imaging, which measures autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and FAD. Gene expression analysis and histological scoring was conducted for comparison against imaging metrics. NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence both demonstrated increasing intensity with age, while optical redox ratio was lowest in adolescent samples compared to immature or mature samples. Inhibition of glycolysis suppressed expression of Col2, Col1, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5, while oxphos inhibition had no effect. FAD fluorescence and optical redox ratio were positively correlated with histological degeneration. This study demonstrates maturation‐ and degeneration‐dependent metabolic activity in cartilage and explores the consequences of this differential activity on gene expression. This study aids our basic understanding of cartilage biology and highlights opportunity for potential diagnostic applications.