bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Realized Volatility and Returns in the Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Shi Kuaile 
Published: November 2021

This paper uses high-frequency stock index data to construct realized volatilities for the Chinese stock market and applies in-sample and out-of-sample to test the predictive power of realized volatility on Chinese stock market returns. The empirical results show that realized volatility can significantly predict the excess return of the Chinese stock market in the next month, and the in-sample and out-of-sample regression models are positive, and the out-of-sample The p-value of the regression model is significant. And after controlling for a range of other stock predictor variables, we find that the regression coefficient of realized volatility is still significant, and we find that after adding realized volatility, the in-sample adj- increases with the inclusion of realized volatility, suggesting that realized volatility does have components that are not explained by other economic variables. Also based on a different construction method, the realized variance still has significant predictive power after averaging the realized variance. After combining two different realized variance indicators, the predictive power is still better. In terms of economic interpretation, this paper finds that the predictive power of realized variance on stock returns is through influencing the turnover rate (market trading activity), which in turn influences stock market returns. We find that realized volatility has a significant effect on the turnover rate, and when we use realized volatility to predict the turnover rate, which in turn predicts the excess return, we find that the coefficient is highly significant, indicating that realized volatility can indeed cause changes in excess return by affecting the turnover rate.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Education and Educational Development (EED 2021)
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wu Benqing , Wang Pin 
Published: November 2021

It was a great honor to extend a warm invitation to the 2nd International Conference on Education and Educational Development (EED 2021). The conference was held from September 29-30, 2021 in Suzhou City, China. EED 2021 was co-organized by Hubei Xuemi Cultural Development Co., Ltd. and Research Center of Engineering and Science (RCES).

The aim of EED 2021 is to provide a platform for educators, scholars, managers and graduate students from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in the fields of Education Reform & Social Science. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.

EED 2021 received 85 manuscripts. And 41 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to EED 2021, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of EED 2021 invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.
A comprehensive study of indole catalytic hydrodenitrogenation under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Liu Xu , Guo Yang , He Haoran , Zheng Lixiao , Kong Lingzhao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the catalytic hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) mechanism of indole under hydrothermal conditions. Formic acid (FA), which is a donor of both gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen, can improve indole conversion and total yield of denitrogenated products. Ru/C showed the highest activity among the catalysts in this study for indole conversion at all temperature conditions with the existence of H2, and 91.17% indole was converted at 400°C and 60 min. Based on reaction kinetic experiments, a kinetic model was developed mathematically to describe the hydrothermal HDN reaction of indole over the home‐made Ni80Ru20/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, which clearly captured all data trends and fitted the temporal variation of all major liquid products. High activation energy for the formation of the O‐containing substance o‐cresol from both mathematical fitting and density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated the rare occurrence of a reaction between the pyrrole ring‐opening product methyl aniline and H2O, consistent with the experimental observation that only a trace of o‐cresol was detected.
Polymerase Synthesis of DNA Containing Iodinated Pyrimidine or 7‐Deazapurine Nucleobases and Their Post‐synthetic Modifications through the Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Sýkorová Veronika , Tichý Michal , Hocek Michal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAll four iodinated 2′‐deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) derived from 5‐iodouracil, 5‐iodocytosine, 7‐iodo‐7‐deazaadenine and 7‐iodo‐7‐deazaguanine were prepared and studied as substrates for KOD XL DNA polymerase. All of the nucleotides were readily incorporated by primer extension and by PCR amplification to form DNA containing iodinated nucleobases. Systematic study of the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions with two bulkier arylboronic acids revealed that the 5‐iodopyrimidines were more reactive and gave cross‐coupling products both in the terminal or internal position in single‐stranded oligonucleotides (ssONs) and in the terminal position of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), whereas the 7‐iodo‐7‐deazapurines were less reactive and gave cross‐coupling products only in the terminal position. None of the four iodinated bases reacted in an internal position of dsDNA. These findings are useful for the use of the iodinated nucleobases for post‐synthetic modification of DNA with functional groups for various applications.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of Australian and Russian wheat flour mill streams
Authors: Abo‐Dief Mohammed , Abo‐Bakr Taisser , Youssef Mohammed , Moustafa Ayat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe physicochemical and rheological properties of flour mill streams obtained from the normal milling process of two wheat types were studied. Flour mill streams from consecutive milling processes (breaking, dividing, and reduction stages) differed in their overall technological functionality.FindingsFor both Australian and Russian wheat types, break streams had higher moisture and ash contents than did reduction streams. Ash content increased with progressively increasing break and reduction streams. Likewise, protein and fat contents increased with successive break streams (B1–B5) and reduction streams (C5 and C6). The results for both wheat types indicate that the progressive milling of break and reduction mill streams led to a marked decrease in flour gluten index. For both wheat types, the reduction flour streams had higher levels of damaged starch than did the break section flour streams. The break section flour streams had a higher α‐amylase activity than did the reduction flour streams.ConclusionsRheological properties illustrated a wide range of dough properties between the different break and reduction streams of Australian and Russian wheat types.Significance and noveltyThe present study was applied on flour mill streams at large‐scale milling. Also, fat content of the investigated mill streams is somewhat novel.
Combining Nanoconfinement in Ag Core/Porous Cu Shell Nanoparticles with Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Improved Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Junqueira João R. C. , O'Mara Peter B. , Wilde Patrick , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Benedetti Tania M. , Andronescu Corina , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBimetallic silver‐copper electrocatalysts are promising materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to fuels and multi‐carbon molecules. Here, we combine Ag core/porous Cu shell particles, which entrap reaction intermediates and thus facilitate the formation of C2+ products at low overpotentials, with gas diffusion electrodes (GDE). Mass transport plays a crucial role in the product selectivity in CO2RR. Conventional H‐cell configurations suffer from limited CO2 diffusion to the reaction zone, thus decreasing the rate of the CO2RR. In contrast, in the case of GDE‐based cells, the CO2RR takes place under enhanced mass transport conditions. Hence, investigation of the Ag core/porous Cu shell particles at the same potentials under different mass transport regimes reveals: (i) a variation of product distribution including C3 products, and (ii) a significant change in the local OH‐ activity under operation.
A Flexible Ionic Polymer for “Soft Machines” – Where is the Low Temperature Limit?
Authors: Thibodeau Jake , Ignaszak Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoft wearable robotics, electronic skins, exoskeletons, implantable drug delivery, medical sensors, fitness trackers as well as flexible power sources (batteries, capacitors, fuel cells) are emerging technologies that require significant innovation to succeed. Conducting hydrogels are one of the promising flexible platforms that can adopt a modular specification of wearable electronics. However, a common difficulty arises from incorporation of water that serves as main facilitator of ionic conductivity for these materials. This results in severe loss of performance when need to operate below freezing point of water. This work shows that the hydrogel with 50 vol % of glycerol with respect to water content can nominally support a modest weight at room temperature (360 g), and a significantly higher weight (1.5 kg) when cooled to −60 °C. Unlike other formulations, this hydrogel remained transparent at extremely low temperatures and thus could be useful in flexible optical devices. At −20 °C, conductivity of hydrogel without anti‐freeze drops below 2×10−4 S cm−1, with 25–50 vol % of glycerol ranging at ∼0.5 to 4×10−3 S cm−1. Furthermore, at −40 °C the hydrogel without glycerol becomes an insulator (∼2×10−6 S cm−1), and the one with 50 vol % glycerol shows ionic conductivity in the range of 1–4 ×10−4 S cm−1. Altogether, we define the operational temperature limit at −40 °C with respect to the ionic conductivity and at −60 °C in terms of sufficient mechanical strength for the hydrogel containing 50 vol % glycerol.
Developmentally regulated pathways for motor skill learning in songbirds
Authors: Chung Jin Hyung , Bottjer Sarah W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVocal learning in songbirds is mediated by cortico‐basal ganglia circuits that govern diverse functions during different stages of development. We investigated developmental changes in axonal projections to and from motor cortical regions that underlie learned vocal behavior in juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Neurons in LMAN‐core project to RA, a motor cortical region that drives vocal output; these RA‐projecting neurons send a transient collateral projection to AId, a region adjacent to RA, during early vocal development. Both RA and AId project to a region of dorsal thalamus (DLM), which forms a feedback pathway to cortico‐basal ganglia circuitry. These projections provide pathways conveying efference copy and a means by which information about vocal motor output could be reintegrated into cortico‐basal ganglia circuitry, potentially aiding in the refinement of juvenile vocalizations during learning. We used tract‐tracing techniques to label the projections of LMAN‐core to AId and of RA to DLM in juvenile songbirds. The volume and density of terminal label in the LMAN‐core→AId projection declined substantially during early stages of sensorimotor learning. In contrast, the RA→DLM projection showed no developmental change. The retraction of LMAN‐core→AId axon collaterals indicates a loss of efference copy to AId and suggests that projections that are present only during early stages of sensorimotor learning mediate unique, temporally restricted processes of goal‐directed learning. Conversely, the persistence of the RA→DLM projection may serve to convey motor information forward to the thalamus to facilitate song production during both learning and maintenance of vocalizations.
Vapor Adsorption Measurements with Two‐Dimensional Membranes
Authors: Dementyev Petr , Khayya Neita , Kreie Jakob , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) membranes display extraordinary mass transfer properties, in particular for the permeation of gaseous substances. Their ultimate thickness not only ensures the shortest diffusion pathways, but also makes the membrane surface play a significant role in accommodating and guiding the permeating molecules. As saturated vapors of water and organic solvents are often observed to pass 2D membranes faster than inert gases, condensation is believed to be responsible for surface‐mediated transport. Here, we present a spectroscopic experiment to probe adsorption of condensable species on 2D membranes under realistic conditions. Polarization‐modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM IRAS) is coupled with a reaction chamber and a vacuum system to control the vaporous environments. The measurements are demonstrated to yield quantitative information on the amount of adsorbates onto supported 2D layers. As a case study, the azeotropic mixture of water and propanol is revealed to maintain its molar composition upon interaction with carbon nanomembranes.
Facile N≡N Bond Cleavage by Anionic Trimetallic Clusters V3−xTaxC4− (x=0–3): A DFT Study
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ya , Ding Xun‐Lei , Gurti Joseph Israel , Chen Yan , Huang Xue‐Qian , Li Wei , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractActivation of N2 on anionic trimetallic V3−xTaxC4− (x=0–3) clusters was theoretically studied employing density functional theory. For all studied clusters, initial adsorption of N2 (end‐on) on one of the metal atoms (denoted as Site 1) is transferred to an of end‐on: side‐on: side‐on coordination on three metal atoms, prior to N2 dissociation. The whole reaction is exothermic and has no global energy barriers, indicating that the dissociation of N2 is facile under mild conditions. The reaction process can be divided into two processes: N2 transfer (TRF) and N−N dissociation (DIS). For V‐series clusters, which has a V atom on Site 1, the rate‐determining step is DIS, while for Ta‐series clusters with a Ta on Site 1, TRF may be the rate‐determining step or has energy barriers similar to those of DIS. The overall energy barriers for heteronuclear V2TaC4− and VTa2C4− clusters are lower than those for homonuclear V3C4− and Ta3C4−, showing that the doping effect is beneficial for the activation and dissociation of N2. In particular, V−Ta2C4− has low energy barriers in both TRF and DIS, and it has the highest N2 adsorption energy and a high reaction heat release. Therefore, a trimetallic heteronuclear V‐series cluster, V−Ta2C4−, is suggested to have high reactivity to N2 activation, and may serve as a prototype for designing related catalysts at a molecular level.
Inclusion of the other in the self as a potential risk factor for prolonged grief disorder: A comparison of patients with matched bereaved healthy controls
Authors: Harrison Octavia , Windmann Sabine , Rosner Rita , Steil Regina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPathological grief has received increasing attention in recent years, as about 10% of the bereaved suffer from one kind of it. Pathological grief in the form of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a relatively new diagnostic category which will be included into the upcoming ICD‐11. To date, various risk and protective factors, as well as treatment options for pathological grief, have been proposed. Nevertheless, empirical evidence in that area is still scarce. Our aim was to identify the association of interpersonal closeness with the deceased and bereavement outcome. Interpersonal closeness with the deceased in 54 participants (27 patients suffering from PGD and 27 bereaved healthy controls) was assessed as the overlap of pictured identities via the inclusion of the other in the self scale (IOS scale). In addition to that, data on PGD symptomatology, general mental distress and depression were collected. Patients suffering from PGD reported higher inclusion of the deceased in the self. By contrast, they reported feeling less close towards another living close person. Results of the IOS scale were associated with PGD severity, general mental distress and depression. Inclusion of the deceased in the self is a significant statistical predictor for PGD caseness.
Amorphous Molecular Materials for Directed Supercontinuum Generation
Authors: Dehnen Stefanie , Schreiner Peter R. , Chatterjee Sangam , Volz Kerstin , Rosemann Nils W. , Pilgrim Wolf‐Christian , Mollenhauer Doreen , Sanna Simone 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Stefanie Dehnen, Kerstin Volz, Wolf‐Christian Pilgrim (Philipps University Marburg), Peter R. Schreiner, Sangam Chatterjee, Doreen Mollenhauer, Simone Sanna (Justus Liebig University Giessen), and Nils W. Rosemann (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). The image illustrates the conversion of red light from a continuous wave (CW) infrared laser into directed white light when propagating through a sample of the inherently amorphous adamantane‐type cluster compound [(StySn)4S6] (Sty=styryl). Cover design by Elisa Monte. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cptc.202100130.
Dimeric Cyclobutane Formation Under Continuous Flow Conditions Using Organophotoredox‐Catalysed [2+2] Cycloaddition**
Authors: Grantham Helena F. , Kimber Marc C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadical‐cation‐initiated dimerization of electron rich alkenes is an expedient method for the synthesis of cyclobutanes. By merging organophotoredox catalysis and continuous flow technology, a batch versus continuous flow study has been performed providing a convenient synthetic route to an important carbazole cyclobutane material dimer 1,2‐trans‐dicarbazylcyclobutane (t‐DCzCB) using only 0.1 mol % of an organophotoredox catalyst. The scope of this methodology was explored giving a new class of functional materials, as well as an improved synthetic route to styrene‐based lignan dimeric natural products. The cyclobutane dimers could be isolated in higher chemical yields under continuous flow conditions and reaction times were reduced significantly compared to traditional batch reaction conditions.
The use of objective adherence measures targeting four placebo microbicide delivery forms in the Quatro Clinical Crossover Study
Authors: Jacot Terry A. , Adedipe Oluwatosin E. , Godbout Susan , Peele Abby G. , Schwartz Jill L. , Ju Susan , Cunningham Tina D. , Montgomery Elizabeth , van der Straten Ariane , Beksinska Mags , Smit Jenni , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Thurman Andrea R. , Clark Meredith R. , Doncel Gustavo F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to topical microbicides for HIV prevention has been a challenge for women using them and those developing novel products. The Quatro Clinical Crossover Study investigated user preference and acceptability of four different placebo‐based vaginal delivery forms among young African women. The objective of this sub‐study was to test the ability of objective adherence measures in assessing placebo product usage.MethodsA total of two hundred women from Zimbabwe and South Africa used placebo vaginal gel, insert, and film once per week, with or without sex, for 1 month and an intravaginal ring continuously for one month (Months 1–4). Women then chose their preferred product and used it with sex each week during Month 5. Women self‐collected vaginal swabs after using the gel, insert and film. Collected vaginal swabs and used intravaginal rings were analysed for placebo‐based adherence measures using spectroscopy and excipient‐based analyses to determine product use. Vaginal insertion and semen exposure was determined using previously developed and published adherence biomarkers. Intravaginal rings were extracted for residual excipient (glycerin) and penetrated bioanalytes.ResultsBoth methodologies showed that women used gel the most during Months 1–4 (75% by excipient methods, 85% by spectroscopy). The methodologies also determined that nearly all swabs from both sites were vaginally inserted, and 51–86% had detectable placebo product. Semen was detected in more swabs collected during Month 5 from women in Zimbabwe than the swabs from women in South Africa, and most of those swabs had placebo product present as well. The majority of women used the ring for the required four weeks. Sixty‐eight per cent of women who used the ring for the required 4 weeks increased to 78% during Month 5.ConclusionThis sub‐study demonstrated how these objective placebo‐based measures of adherence determined product use of various microbicide delivery forms.
Tardive peritonitis after the endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastorostomy: A case report
Authors: Yasuhara Yukitaka , Shimamoto Nana , Tsukinaga Shintaro , Kato Masayuki , Sumiyama Kazuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has become popular as a new drainage technique for malignant biliary strictures. Although EUS‐BD has been reported to show high technical and clinical success rates, the rate of adverse events is 15%. In particular, peritonitis, which is generally caused by bile leakage from the aspiration side during the procedure and occurs within a few days after EUS‐BD, needs to be considered as it can be fatal. In the present case, a jaundiced patient presented with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Due to duodenal invasion, we performed EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy for biliary drainage. After the procedure, jaundice improved, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed only a small amount of air in the intrahepatic bile duct. However, 7 days after the procedure, the patient developed fever, and clinical findings indicated peritonitis. Abdominal CT showed food in the stomach accompanied by the appearance of perihepatic free air, with increased air in the intrahepatic bile duct. The duodenal stent insertion settled the peritonitis and improved the perihepatic free air and the air in the intrahepatic bile duct through the discharge of food from the stomach. To date, no case of tardive peritonitis associated with air leakage after EUS‐BD has been reported. We noted that even if there was no evidence of bile leakage after EUS‐BD, the possibility of tardive peritonitis due to gradual air leakage from the stent implantation side of the stomach should be considered, and careful follow‐up is needed.