bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of antemortem clinical diagnosis and post-mortem findings in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Rusu Stefan , Lavis Philomène , Domingues Salgado Vilma , Van Craynest Marie-Paule , Creteur Jacques , Salmon Isabelle , Brasseur Alexandre , Remmelink Myriam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutopsy is an important quality assurance indicator and a tool to advance medical knowledge. This study aims to compare the premortem clinical and postmortem pathology findings in patients who died in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to analyze if there are any discrepancies between them, and to compare the results to two similar studies performed in our institution in 2004 and 2007. Between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, 888 patients died in the ICU and 473 underwent post-mortem examination (PME) of whom 437 were included in the present study. Autopsies revealed discrepancies between clinical diagnosis and pathologic findings according to in 101 cases (23.1%) according to Goldman classification. Forty-eight major discrepancies (class I and class II) were identified in 44 cases and the most frequent identified discrepancies were pulmonary embolism (3/12) as class I and malignancies (13/35) as class II. They were more frequent in patients hospitalized for less than 10 days then in the group with more than 10 days of hospitalization (13.8% vs 4.5%; p = 0.002). No statistical difference has been noticed concerning age, gender, and ICU stay. We observed an increase of performed autopsies and a total discrepancy rate similar to the studies performed in the same institution in 2004 (22.5%) and 2007 (21%). In conclusion, discrepancies between clinical and PME diagnoses persist despite the medical progress. Secondly, the autopsy after a short hospital stay may reveal unexpected findings whose diagnosis is challenging even if it may be suspected by the intensivist.
Collateral impact of COVID-19: why should children continue to suffer?
Authors: Nagakumar Prasad , Chadwick Ceri-Louise , Bush Andrew , Gupta Atul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 virus fortunately resulted in few children suffering from severe disease. However, the collateral effects on the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have had significant detrimental effects on children affected and young people. There are also some positive impacts in the form of reduced prevalence of viral bronchiolitis. The new strain of SARS-COV-2 identified recently in the UK appears to have increased transmissibility to children. However, there are no large vaccine trials set up in children to evaluate safety and efficacy. In this short communication, we review the collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people. We highlight the need for urgent strategies to mitigate the risks to children due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

What is Known:• Children and young people account for <2% of all COVID-19 hospital admissions• The collateral impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and young people is devastating• Significant reduction in influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the southern hemisphere

What is New:• The public health measures to reduce COVID-19 infection may have also resulted in near elimination of influenza and RSV infections across the globe• A COVID-19 vaccine has been licensed for adults. However, large scale vaccine studies are yet to be initiated although there is emerging evidence of the new SARS-COV-2 strain spreading more rapidly though young people.• Children and young people continue to bear the collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic
From the Bottlecap to the Bottleneck: Frequent Esophageal Impaction of Bottlecaps Among Young Males in a Small University Town
Authors: Bertlich Mattis , Ihler Friedrich , Sommerlath Sohns Jan M. , Canis Martin , Weiss Bernhard G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere have been few reports of ingestion of bottlecaps worldwide. However, all of these seemed to be unlikely accidental ingestions with a comic side effect. In contrast to this, the authors of this study found an accumulation of bottlecap ingestions in a small university town. Hence, we conducted a study to investigate the nature of these ingestions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center in a small German university town (Göttingen). All patients that were admitted for esophageal foreign bodies were screened for accidental ingestion of bottlecaps and included in the study at hand. Overall, there were 14 cases of bottlecap ingestion within 12 years. Patients were exclusively male, average age was 23.0 ± 4.2 years, ranging from 18.3 to 35.6 years. In 13 out of 14 cases, association to a fraternity was found. Young men, particularly those belonging to a fraternity, should be beware of bottlecap ingestion when consuming beer in risky rituals in small university towns. Alternatively, competitive beer drinking may generally be avoided.
Composite dynamic movement primitives based on neural networks for human–robot skill transfer
Authors: Si Weiyong , Wang Ning , Yang Chenguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, composite dynamic movement primitives (DMPs) based on radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are investigated for robots’ skill learning from human demonstrations. The composite DMPs could encode the position and orientation manipulation skills simultaneously for human-to-robot skills transfer. As the robot manipulator is expected to perform tasks in unstructured and uncertain environments, it requires the manipulator to own the adaptive ability to adjust its behaviours to new situations and environments. Since the DMPs can adapt to uncertainties and perturbation, and spatial and temporal scaling, it has been successfully employed for various tasks, such as trajectory planning and obstacle avoidance. However, the existing skill model mainly focuses on position or orientation modelling separately; it is a common constraint in terms of position and orientation simultaneously in practice. Besides, the generalisation of the skill learning model based on DMPs is still hard to deal with dynamic tasks, e.g., reaching a moving target and obstacle avoidance. In this paper, we proposed a composite DMPs-based framework representing position and orientation simultaneously for robot skill acquisition and the neural networks technique is used to train the skill model. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulation and experiments.
Pair correlations of Halton and Niederreiter Sequences are not Poissonian
Authors: Hofer Roswitha , Kaltenböck Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNiederreiter and Halton sequences are two prominent classes of higher-dimensional sequences which are widely used in practice for numerical integration methods because of their excellent distribution qualities. In this paper we show that these sequences—even though they are uniformly distributed—fail to satisfy the stronger property of Poissonian pair correlations. This extends already established results for one-dimensional sequences and confirms a conjecture of Larcher and Stockinger who hypothesized that the Halton sequences are not Poissonian. The proofs rely on a general tool which identifies a specific regularity of a sequence to be sufficient for not having Poissonian pair correlations.
Low-aspect ratio appendages for wind-assisted ships
Authors: van der Kolk N. J. , Akkerman I. , Keuning J. A. , Huijsmans R. H. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWind propulsion for commercial ships has been identified as a key component in the energy transition for the maritime industry. The sailing hybrid ship will operate with leeway (drift) angles to produce a lateral force known as sideforce, for steady operation under sail. In this paper, experimental results for the sailing performance of ships fitted with bilge keel appendages are presented. Systematic variations in appendage height, length, and position were tested, including several special cases (multiple bilge keels). The appendage typology is shown to mitigate the strong ‘destabilizing’ yaw moment that is characteristic of wind-assisted commercial vessels and to promote the non-linear sideforce component. The working principal for bilge keels—promotion of flow separation—can be employed to specify the separation location for components of the vessel vortex wake to improve the sailing performance of the ship.
Self-projection in middle childhood: a study on the relationship between theory of mind and episodic future thinking
Authors: Adornetti Ines , Chiera Alessandra , Altavilla Daniela , Deriu Valentina , Marini Andrea , Valeri Giovanni , Magni Rita , Ferretti Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that theory of mind (ToM) and episodic future thinking (EFT) are closely related at both brain and functional level. This study explored the relationship between ToM and EFT in 96 Italian-speaking children with typical development aged between 8 and 10.11 using a behavioral design. ToM was assessed through an emotional facial expression recognition task. EFT was assessed with a task where participants were required to project themselves forward in time by anticipating future states of the self; this resulted in two scores: a nonverbal measure and a verbal explanation measure. Results showed that the participants’ performance on the task assessing ToM correlated with and predicted the nonverbal measure of the EFT task. These findings are discussed in the light of theories suggesting that each of these abilities is governed by a common system devoted to self-projection.
Weak relationships of continuous forest management intensity and remotely sensed stand structural complexity in temperate mountain forests
Authors: Asbeck Thomas , Frey Julian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of stand structural complexity and forest management is relevant to create desired stand structures by adapting management strategies under changing disturbance scenarios and climatic conditions. To overcome difficulties in differentiating between strict categories of silvicultural practices and to describe the impact of forest management more appropriate, we used a continuous indicator of forest management intensity (ForMI). The ForMI consists of three components including volumes of natural deadwood, non-native tree species and harvested trees. There are a great number of approaches to quantify stand structure; here we used the recently established stand structural complexity index (SSCI) which represents a density-dependent as well as vertical measure of complexity based on the distribution of points in 3D space inventoried by terrestrial laser scanning. The data collection took place in 135 one-hectare plots managed under close-to-nature forest management (CTNFM) located in the Black Forest, Germany. We build generalized additive models to test the relationship of the SSCI with the ForMI. The model results did not prove a significant relationship between the SSCI and the ForMI, but components of the ForMI showed significant relationships to the SSCI. Our results indicate that the relationship between stand structural complexity and forest management intensity is, while plausible, not trivial to demonstrate. We conclude that forest managers have a relatively wide range of choices in CTNFM to adapt forests within a similar range of management intensity as presented here to future challenges, since management intensity does not change the forest structure drastically.
Nitrous oxide emissions with enhanced efficiency and conventional urea fertilizers in winter wheat
Authors: An Haibo , Owens Jen , Beres Brian , Li Yuejin , Hao Xiying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptimizing nitrogen fertilizer management can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This study tested if split applying enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) resulted in lower N2O emissions than applying equivalent rates of urea at planting. In semiarid southern Alberta, field trials were conducted during three years (planting to harvest) in rainfed winter wheat crops. Annual fertilizer rates ranged from 146 to 176 kg N ha−1. Fertilizer types were urea, and three EEFs (polymer-coated urea, urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors, and urea with a nitrification inhibitor). Each fertilizer type was applied three ways: 100% banded at planting, split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast in late fall, and split applied 30% banded at planting and 70% broadcast at Feekes growth stage 4 (GS4, post-tiller formation, wheat entering the greening up phase in the early spring). Nitrous oxide was measured using static chambers between sub-weekly and monthly from planting to harvest. Over three years, cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 0.16 to 1.32 kg N ha−1. This was equivalent to emissions factors between 0.009 and 0.688%. Cumulative N2O emissions and emissions factors did not differ between fertilizer types, but they were lower when fertilizer was split applied at GS4 compared to in late fall (P ≤ 0.10). Our study suggests that EEFs do not reduce N2O emissions from rainfed winter wheat crops, but a well-timed split application with a majority of fertilizer applied after winter can minimize N2O emissions.
Students’ attitudes toward technology: exploring the relationship among affective, cognitive and behavioral components of the attitude construct
Authors: Svenningsson Johan , Höst Gunnar , Hultén Magnus , Hallström Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen studying attitudes toward technology education, the affective attitudinal component has primarily been the focus. This study focuses on how the affective, cognitive and behavioral attitudinal components of technology education can be incorporated using a two-step survey: the traditional PATT-questionnaire (PATT-SQSE) and the recently developed Mitcham Score questionnaire. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship among the cognitive, affective and potential behavioural components of students’ attitudes toward technology in a Swedish context, using the PATT-SQ-SE instrument including the Mitcham score open items. Results of the analyses show that relationships among the attitudinal components are observable. The results also imply that relationships among the attitudinal components are different for girls than boys. A key factor for the participating students’ attitudinal relations was interest (affective component) in technology education. An individual interest in technology education was related to both the cognitive component and behavioral intention. Another key relationship, for girls, was that the cognitive component had a strong relationship with behavioral intention, which was not the case for boys. Based on the observed relations between the cognitive, affective and behavioural components we have identified two key implications for educational practice: Girls should learn a broader conception of technology in technology education, if we want them to pursue technology-related careers to a higher degree; Students’ interest in technology should be stimulated through engaging tasks in technology education.
Dysfunctions in Infants’ Statistical Learning are Related to Parental Autistic Traits
Authors: Roberta Bettoni , Riva Valentina , Cantiani Chiara , Riboldi Elena Maria , Molteni Massimo , Macchi Cassia Viola , Bulf Hermann 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStatistical learning refers to the ability to extract the statistical relations embedded in a sequence, and it plays a crucial role in the development of communicative and social skills that are impacted in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we investigated the relationship between infants’ SL ability and autistic traits in their parents. Using a visual habituation task, we tested infant offspring of adults (non-diagnosed) who show high (HAT infants) versus low (LAT infants) autistic traits. Results demonstrated that LAT infants learned the statistical structure embedded in a visual sequence, while HAT infants failed. Moreover, infants’ SL ability was related to autistic traits in their parents, further suggesting that early dysfunctions in SL might contribute to variabilities in ASD symptoms.
An empirical analysis of price differences for male and female artists in the global art market
Authors: Bocart Fabian Y. R. P. , Gertsberg Marina , Pownall Rachel A. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study prices paid at auction for artworks created by male and female artists, based on birth-identified sex, and how these prices have evolved over time. Artworks produced by female artists comprise less than 4% of art auction sales; after controlling for artwork characteristics, we find that artworks by female artists are 4.4% more expensive than artworks by male artists. In the top echelon of the art market—for sales above $1 million—artworks by male artists sell for 18.4% more than by female artists. The top 40 artists represent 40% of total market share; no female artist makes the top 40 ranking of artists in terms of total sales value at auction in the period under study, 2000–2017. However, for contemporary artists, our empirical results show that works by male artists sell for 8.3% more than their female counterparts. Overall, this study highlights significant price differences across birth-identified sex in the secondary market for fine art.
Leptin activates Akt in oesophageal cancer cells via multiple atorvastatin-sensitive small GTPases
Authors: Beales Ian L. P. , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObesity is a risk factor for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Adipose tissue secretes the hormone leptin. Leptin is a growth factor for several cell types, including Barrett’s cells and oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Statins are associated with reduced rates of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal cancer and exhibit anti-cancer effects in vitro. The mechanisms of these effects are not fully established. We have examined the effects of leptin and the lipid-soluble statin, atorvastatin, on signalling via monomeric GTP-binding proteins and Akt. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in OE33 cells. Akt activity was quantified by cell-based ELISA and in vitro kinase assay. Specific small-molecule inhibitors and a dominant-negative construct were used to reduce Akt activity. Small GTPases were inhibited using transfection of dominant-negative plasmids, prenylation inhibitors and pretreatment with atorvastatin. Leptin stimulated Akt activity and cell proliferation and inhibited camptothecin-induced apoptosis in an Akt-sensitive manner. Leptin induced phosphorylation of Bad and FOXO1 in an Akt-sensitive manner. Leptin activated Ras, Rac, RhoA and cdc42. Transfection of dominant-negative plasmids confirmed that leptin-induced Akt activation required Ras, RhoA cdc42 but not Rac. Atorvastatin inhibited leptin-induced activation of Ras, RhoA, cdc42 and Akt. Co-treatment with mevalonate prevented these effects of atorvastatin. The protein kinase Akt is essential to the growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic effects of leptin in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Akt is activated via Ras-, Rho- and cdc42-dependant pathways. Atorvastatin reduces leptin-induced Akt activation by inhibiting prenylation of small GTPases. This may explain the reduced incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in statin-users.
Environmental forcings and micro-seismic monitoring in a rock wall prone to fall during the 2018 Buran winter storm
Authors: D’Angiò D. , Fantini A. , Fiorucci M. , Iannucci R. , Lenti L. , Marmoni G. M. , Martino S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study reports a comparative analysis of the environmental conditions and micro-seismicity recorded on a rock wall resulting from an intense meteorological event. The findings are focused on a quarry wall located in the Acuto Field Laboratory (Central Italy), where multi-parametric environmental monitoring is operating and an Artificial intelligence Camera Prototype has been placed to detect rock falls reaching a railway target. Six accelerometers were installed to detect micro-seismic events caused by the expected strong thermal transient caused by the Buran storm on February 2018. Within a few hours, a steep decrease in the average air and rock mass temperature down to 8 °C was recorded, and −4 °C and −8 °C were reached for the rock and air temperatures, respectively. A total of 103 micro-seismic events were analysed with respect to both rainfall and thermal forcing: while no correlation with rainfall was reported, the steep thermal transient was responsible for the strain effect that occurred during the heating phase of the rock mass following the Buran storm. An elastic deformation event with a maximum daily amplitude of 165 μ strain was recorded by the strain gages installed on the mm-joints due to the rock heating and cooling caused by the variation in temperature. The collected evidences show the relevance of short thermal transients in modifying stress conditions within rock masses and their relationship to a peculiar micro-seismic response. The main outcomes established the key role played by integrated monitoring systems to better understand the relationship between vibrational behaviour and environmental forcings in terms of understanding the precursors to rock failure.
Reducing corticosteroid phobia in pharmacy staff and parents of children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Koster Ellen S. , Philbert Daphne , Zheng Xiang , Moradi Nila , de Vries Tjalling W. , Bouvy Marcel L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBesides physicians, pharmacy staff has an important role to inform patients on appropriate medication use. However, they might also experience corticophobia themselves, affecting patient counseling and subsequently patient’s disease management.ObjectiveImplementation of an intervention for pharmacy staff to improve knowledge and stimulate positive perceptions towards TCS use, in order to reduce corticophobia in pharmacy staff and parents of young AD patients.SettingNine community pharmacies in the Netherlands.MethodWe developed an intervention consisting of education of pharmacy staff followed by counseling of parents. The intervention was implemented in pharmacies and intervention effectiveness was studied using a pre-post design with an intervention period of 3 months. At baseline and follow-up (3 months), pharmacy staff and parents completed a questionnaire.Main outcome measureCorticophobia, both beliefs and worries, measured with the TOPICOP questionnaire. Higher scores indicate a more negative attitude.ResultBaseline and follow-up data were available for 19 pharmacy staff members and 48 parents who attended a counseling session in the pharmacy. In both groups there was as decrease in negative beliefs and worries towards TCS (p < 0.05). Mean total TOPICOP scores decreased from 42 to 35% and from 33 to 25% for parents and pharmacy staff respectively.ConclusionOur results show the prevalence of corticophobia among parents. Education of pharmacy staff and targeted patient counseling seems to be effective in reducing corticophobia.