bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shade dispersion methodologies for performance improvement of classical total cross‐tied photovoltaic array configuration under partial shading conditions
Authors: Pachauri Rupendra Kumar , Bai Jianbo , Kansal Isha , Mahela Om Prakash , Khan Baseem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge size photovoltaic (PV) systems face a large number of issues based on malfunction and unfavourable climatic conditions such as partial shading conditions (PSCs). These PSCs are the major causes of PV systems’ performance degradation. In this paper, a symmetric matrix (SM) game puzzle is used to reconfigure the electrical connections of the PV array system. Present shade dispersion methodology is based on the ‘physical reallocation of PV module‐fixed electrical connections’ principle. Modification in the electrical connections of conventional total cross‐tied (TCT) PV array configuration introduces a new ‘SM‐TCT’ configuration. An extensive comparative study of conventional TCT and novel‐TCT (NTCT) configurations with proposed SM‐TCT configuration prove the effectiveness to achieve higher performance. The MATLAB/Simulink results are obtained on the basis of the non‐linear nature of current‐voltage and power‐voltage characteristics. SM‐TCT, Shape‐do‐Ku, NTCT and TCT configurations are examined under three realistic PSCs in terms of power and voltage at global maximum power point, improved fill factor, reduced power losses, performance ratio and power enhancement.
Simultaneous wound border segmentation and tissue classification using a conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Sarp Salih , Kuzlu Murat , Pipattanasomporn Manisa , Guler Ozgur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenerative adversarial network (GAN) applications on medical image synthesis have the potential to assist caregivers in deciding a proper chronic wound treatment plan by understanding the border segmentation and the wound tissue classification visually. This study proposes a hybrid wound border segmentation and tissue classification method utilising conditional GAN, which can mimic real data without expert knowledge. We trained the network on chronic wound datasets with different sizes. The performance of the GAN algorithm is evaluated through the mean squared error, Dice coefficient metrics and visual inspection of generated images. This study also analyses the optimum number of training images as well as the number of epochs using GAN for wound border segmentation and tissue classification. The results show that the proposed GAN model performs efficiently for wound border segmentation and tissue classification tasks with a set of 2000 images at 200 epochs.
Research on the electromagnetic scattering from foam sea based on small slope approximation
Authors: Li Xin‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the research of electromagnetic scattering characteristics and mechanism of the foam in the marine environment, considering the complexity and sensitivity of the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the sea surface, the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the foam sea surface are studied by the improved small slope approximation (SSA) method. The double Debye dielectric constant model is adopted to calculate the dielectric constant of seawater and foam. Based on the Elfouhaily sea spectrum model, the expression of scattering coefficient of the foam sea surface under SSA is derived, and then the theoretical calculation results of the SSA method are compared with the finite‐difference time‐domain method and the measured values in the literature, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The model of the relationship between the thickness of the foam layer and the wind speed is established, and the composite backscattering characteristics of the ocean below the wind speed of 20 m/s are simulated. It is found that as the wind speed increases, the foam layer becomes thicker and the scattering intensity increases. The foam layer will weaken the ocean specular reflection and increase the diffuse reflection, which is more obvious when viewed at grazing and large incidence angle, and when the incident angle is greater than 83 degrees, the inflexion point caused by the foam will be clearly observed in the backscattering curve. The results of this study can provide a reference for civil and military activities and optimise the detection capability in the marine environment.
Nowhere to hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field
Authors: Radcliffe J. F. , Barthel P. D. , Thomson A. P. , Garrett M. A. , Beswick R. J. , Muxlow T. W. B. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Obtaining a census of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity across cosmic time is critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution and formation. Many AGN classification techniques are compromised by dust obscuration. However, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can be used to identify high brightness temperature compact radio emission (> 105 K) in distant galaxies that can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity.
Aims. We present the second in a series of papers dealing with the compact radio population in the GOODS-N field. This paper reviews the various multi-wavelength data and AGN classification techniques in the context of a VLBI-detected sample and use these to investigate the nature of the AGN as well as their host galaxies.
Methods. Multi-wavelength data from radio to X-ray were compiled for the GOODS-N AGN sample, and fourteen widely used multi-wavelength AGN classification schemes were tested. We discuss and compare the various biases that affect multi-wavelength and VLBI selection. We use the physical interpretation to imply the nature of VLBI-selected AGN and their hosts.
Results. Firstly, we find that no single identification technique can identify all VLBI objects as AGN. Infrared colour–colour selection is most notably incomplete. However, the usage of multiple classification schemes can identify all VLBI-selected AGN, independently verifying similar approaches used in other deep field surveys. In the era of large area surveys with instruments such as the SKA and ngVLA, multi-wavelength coverage, which relies heavily upon observations from space, is often unavailable. Therefore, VLBI remains an integral component in detecting AGN of the jetted efficient and inefficient accretion types. Secondly, a substantial fraction (46%) of the VLBI AGN have no X-ray counterpart, which is most likely due to lack of sensitivity in the X-ray band. Thirdly, a high fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in low or intermediate redshift dust-poor early-type galaxies. These most likely exhibit inefficient accretion. Fourthly, A significant fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in symbiotic dusty starburst – AGN systems. Finally, in the appendix, we present an extensive compilation of the multi-wavelength properties of all the VLBI AGN in GOODS-N.
Monitoring precipitable water vapour in near real-time to correct near-infrared observations using satellite remote sensing
Authors: Meier Valdés E. A. , Morris B. M. , Demory B.-O. 
Published: March 2021

Context. In the search for small exoplanets orbiting cool stars whose spectral energy distributions peak in the near infrared, the strong absorption of radiation in this region due to water vapour in the atmosphere is a particularly adverse effect for ground-based observations of cool stars.
Aims. To achieve the photometric precision required to detect exoplanets in the near infrared, it is necessary to mitigate the effect of variable precipitable water vapour (PWV) on radial-velocity and photometric measurements. The aim is to enable global PWV correction by monitoring the amount of precipitable water vapour at zenith and along the line of sight of any visible target.
Methods. We developed an open-source Python package that uses imagery data obtained with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), which provide temperature and relative humidity at different pressure levels to compute the near real-time PWV above any ground-based observatory that is covered by GOES every 5 min or 10 min, depending on the location.
Results. We computed PWV values on selected days above Cerro Paranal (Chile) and San Pedro Mártir (Mexico) to benchmark the procedure. We also simulated different pointing at test targets as observed from the sites to compute the PWV along the line of sight. To asses the accuracy of our method, we compared our results with the on-site radiometer measurements obtained from Cerro Paranal.
Conclusions. Our results show that our publicly available code proves to be a good supporting tool for measuring the local PWV for any ground-based facility within the GOES coverage, which will help to reduce correlated noise contributions in near-infrared ground-based observations that do not benefit from on-site PWV measurements.
HD 142527: quantitative disk polarimetry with SPHERE
Authors: Hunziker S. , Schmid H. M. , Ma J. , Menard F. , Avenhaus H. , Boccaletti A. , Beuzit J. L. , Chauvin G. , Dohlen K. , Dominik C. , Engler N. , Ginski C. , Gratton R. , Henning T. , Langlois M. , Milli J. , Mouillet D. , Tschudi C. , van Holstein R. G. , Vigan A. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. We present high-precision photometry and polarimetry based on visual and near-infrared imaging data for the protoplanetary disk surrounding the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 142527, with a strong focus on determining the light scattering parameters of the dust located at the surface of the large outer disk.
Methods. We re-reduced existing polarimetric differential imaging data of HD 142527 in the VBB (735 nm) and H-band (1625 nm) from the ZIMPOL and IRDIS subinstruments of SPHERE at the VLT. With polarimetry and photometry based on reference star differential imaging (RDI), we were able to measure the linearly polarized intensity and the total intensity of the light scattered by the circumstellar disk with high precision. We used simple Monte Carlo simulations of multiple light scattering by the disk surface to derive constraints for three scattering parameters of the dust: the maximum polarization of the scattered light Pmax, the asymmetry parameter g, and the single-scattering albedo ω.
Results. We measure a reflected total intensity of 51.4 ± 1.5 mJy and 206 ± 12 mJy and a polarized intensity of 11.3 ± 0.3 mJy and 55.1 ± 3.3 mJy in the VBB and H-band, respectively. We also find in the visual range a degree of polarization that varies between 28% on the far side of the disk and 17% on the near side. In the H-band, the degree of polarization is consistently higher by about a factor of 1.2. The disk also shows a red color for the scattered light intensity and the polarized intensity, which are about twice as high in the near-infrared when compared to the visual. We determine with model calculations the scattering properties of the dust particles and find evidence for strong forward scattering (g ≈ 0.5–0.75), relatively low single-scattering albedo (ω ≈ 0.2–0.5), and high maximum polarization (Pmax ≈ 0.5–0.75) at the surface on the far side of the disk for both observed wavelengths. The optical parameters indicate the presence of large aggregate dust particles, which are necessary to explain the high maximum polarization, the strong forward-scattering nature of the dust, and the observed red disk color.
In search of Bennu analogs: Hapke modeling of meteorite mixtures
Authors: Merlin F. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Fornasier S. , Barucci M. A. , Praet A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Clark B. E. , Hamilton V. E. , Simon A. A. , Reuter D. C. , Zou X.-D. , Li J.-Y. , Schrader D. L. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: March 2021

Context.The OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer onboard the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer spacecraft obtained many spectra from the surface of the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu, enabling the characterization of this primitive small body. Bennu is spectrally similar to the hydrated carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), but questions remain as to which CCs, or combinations thereof, offer the best analogy to its surface.Aims.We aim to understand in more detail the composition and particle size of Bennu’s surface by refining the relationship between this asteroid and various CC meteorites.Methods.We used published absorbance and reflectance data to identify new optical constants for various CC meteorites measured in the laboratory at different temperatures. We then used the Hapke model to randomly generate 1000 synthetic spectra in order to find the combinations of these potential meteoritic analogs that best reproduce the spectral features of the asteroid.Results.Our investigations suggest that the surface of Bennu, though visibly dominated by boulders and coarse rubble, is covered by small particles (tens to a few hundreds of μm) and that possibly dust or powder covers the larger rocks. We further find that the surface is best modeled using a mixture of heated CM, C2-ungrouped, and, to some extent, CI materials.Conclusions.Bennu is best approximated spectrally by a combination of CC materials and may not fall into an existing CC group.
Spinalanalgesie – clever nutzen zur vaginalen Geburt
Authors: Töpel Lisa , Wenk Manuel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungNeuroaxiale Verfahren stellen eine Möglichkeit der Analgesie in der Geburtshilfe dar. Insbesondere in der späten Phase der vaginalen Entbindung erfordern überraschende Momente, instrumentelle Methoden oder spezielle Manöver eine schnelle und suffiziente Analgesie. Hier können die Vorteile der Spinalanästhesie gegenüber der Epiduralanästhesie clever genutzt werden.
Perioperatives Management: vom OP auf die Intensivstation
Authors: Iken Sonja 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungJährlich unterziehen sich weltweit über 300 Mio. Patienten einem chirurgischen Eingriff und ihr postoperativer Weg ist oft nicht klar vorgegeben. „Braucht mein Patient postoperativ ein Intensivbett?“ ist eine Frage, die sich die behandelnden Ärzte täglich stellen und die hier diskutiert wird – ebenso wie die Anforderungen an den Intrahospitaltransport auf die Intensivstation sowie die strukturierte Patientenübergabe nach dem SBAR-Konzept.
CO2-Trockengasbäder verändern den topischen pH-Wert auf Wundflächen und intakter Haut
Authors: Ranker Alexander , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Korallus Christoph , Krezdorn Nicco , Bingöl Alperen , Enechukwu Anieto , Sturm Christian 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund CO2-Therapie ist seit Jahrzehnten ein etabliertes physikalisch-medizinisches Therapieverfahren. CO2 reagiert mit Wasser zu Kohlensäure und könnte den kutanen pH-Wert verändern. Veränderungen des Wund-pH-Wertes spielen eine große Rolle beim modernen Wundmanagement chronischer Wunden. Da Kohlensäure eine schwache Säure ist, könnte CO2-Therapie den Wund-pH-Wert positiv beeinflussen. Bislang wurde noch keine explorative Datenanalyse durchgeführt, die pH-Veränderung an Wunden und Haut durch CO2-Therapie systematisch analysiert. Das Ziel dieser explorativen Pilotstudie ist es, Veränderungen von Haut-und Wund-pH-Werten vor und nach CO2-Trockengasbädern zu erheben. Dies soll Auskünfte über mögliche weitere Wirkmechanismen von CO2-Therapie geben.
Material und Methoden Von April bis Oktober 2020 wurde bei alle Patienten einer physikalisch-medizinischen Universitätsklinik-Ambulanz, die aufgrund Wundheilungsstörungen CO2-Therapie erhalten haben, vor und nach der CO2-Therapie der Haut- bzw. Wund-pH-Wert gemessen. Dies geschah mittels einer pH-Oberflächenmesssonde an 3 Messpunkten: Wundzentrum, intakte Haut im CO2-Expositionsbereich (Kontrolle1) und intake Haut ohne CO2-Exposition (Kontrolle2). Die Daten wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Alle Patienten erhielten CO2-Trockengasbäder im Regelfall mit 12 Therapiesitzungen à 20 min.
Ergebnisse Ausgewertet wurden die Messungen von N=13 Patienten (N=936 Messungen). Die gesamte Therapiezeit betrug 5,38±1,67 Wochen. Alle Patienten wiesen initial an der Wunde einen alkalischen pH-Wert auf (7,22±0,81), der sich signifikant von den pH-Werten der intakten Haut unterschied (Kontrolle 1: pH=5,86±0,26; p<0,001, Kontrolle2: pH=4,98±0,28; p<0,001). Im Mittel konnte CO2-Therapie die alkalischen Werte signifikant in Richtung saures Milieu verschieben (p=0,009). Die kutanen pH-Werte intakter Haut wurden alkalischer.
Schlussfolgerung CO2-Trockengasbäder verändern den topischen pH-Wert auf Wundflächen und intakter Haut. Sie beeinflussen den oberflächlichen Wund-pH günstig mit einem Shift in Richtung physiologischer Haut-pH-Werte.
Real Metal-Free C–H Arylation of (Hetero)arenes: The Radical Way
Authors: Bellina Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthetic methodologies involving the formation of carbon–carbon bonds from carbon–hydrogen bonds are of significant synthetic interest, both for efficiency in terms of atom economy and for their undeniable usefulness in late-stage functionalization approaches. Combining these aspects with being metal-free, the radical C–H intermolecular arylation procedures covered by this review represent both powerful and green methods for the synthesis of (hetero)biaryl systems.1	Introduction2	Arylation with Arenediazonium Salts and Related Derivatives2.1	Ascorbic Acid as the Reductant2.2	Hydrazines as Reductants2.3	Gallic Acid as the Reductant2.4.	Polyanilines as Reductants2.5	Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride as the Reductant2.6	Phenalenyl-Based Radicals as Reductants2.7	Electrolytic Reduction of Diazonium Salts2.8	Visible-Light-Mediated Arylation3	Arylation with Arylhydrazines: Generation of Aryl Radicals Using an Oxidant4	Arylation with Diaryliodonium Salts5	Arylation with Aryl Halides6	Conclusions
Factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención para el desarrollo de estrechez uretral de origen iatrogénico: Papel del urólogo
Authors: Goméz Hoyos Andres , Gaviria Gil Federico 
Published: March 2021

ResumenLa estrechez uretral constituye una patología con morbilidad importante en el sexo masculino. Se evidencia en la actualidad un cambio en la frecuencia de las etiologías, con la disminución de causas inflamatorias y una transición hacia la iatrogenia como la más común. Mediante la búsqueda del estado del arte en cuanto a los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos conocidos como factores asociados a la estrechez uretral iatrogénica, se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura con el fin de describir y generar estrategias para su prevención. De los procedimientos terapéuticos que originan la estrechez uretral como complicación, el sondaje vesical es la mayor causa (hasta 34,3%), seguido de la prostatectomía radical (29,9%). Una buena técnica de sondaje vesical orientada desde el adecuado entrenamiento del personal disminuye de forma considerable su incidencia. Por otra parte, la adecuada selección de tratamientos y aspectos técnicos en pacientes que requieren el manejo de patologías obstructivas del tracto urinario como la hiperplasia prostática y litiasis u oncológicas como el cáncer de próstata, son unas de las recomendaciones para la prevención de ese trastorno. El entendimiento de los factores de riesgo y la adherencia a las estrategias de prevención descritas buscan disminuir la incidencia de la estrechez uretral de origen iatrogénico.
Clinical and Laboratory Markers of Brain Abscess in Tetralogy of Fallot (‘BA-TOF’ Score): Results of a Case–Control Study and Implications for Community Surveillance
Authors: Kanneganti Vidyasagar , Thakar Sumit , Aryan Saritha , Kini Prayaag , Mohan Dilip , Hegde Alangar S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background Cardiogenic brain abscess (CBA) is the commonest noncardiac cause of morbidity and mortality in cyanotic heart disease (CHD). The clinical diagnosis of a CBA is often delayed due to its nonspecific presentations and the scarce availability of computed tomography (CT) imaging in resource-restricted settings. We attempted to identify parameters that reliably point to the diagnosis of a CBA in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

Methods From among 150 children with TOF treated at a tertiary care institute over a 15-year period from 2001 to 2016, 30 consecutive patients with CBAs and 85 age- and sex-matched controls without CBAs were included in this retrospective case–control study. Demographic and clinical features, laboratory investigations, and baseline echocardiographic findings were analyzed for possible correlations with the presence of a CBA.

Statistical Analysis Variables demonstrating significant bivariate correlations with the presence of a CBA were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression (LR) analysis. Various LR models were tested for their predictive value, and the best model was then validated on a hold-out dataset of 25 patients.

Results Among the 26 variables tested for bivariate associations with the presence of a CBA, some of the clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables demonstrated significant correlations (p < 0.05). LR analysis revealed elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values and a lower age-adjusted resting heart rate percentile to be the strongest independent biomarkers of a CBA. The LR model was statistically significant, (χ2 = 23.72, p = <0.001), and it fitted the data well. It explained 53% (Nagelkerke R
2) of the variance in occurrence of a CBA, and correctly classified 83.93% of cases. The model demonstrated a good predictive value (area under the curve: 0.80) on validation analysis.

Conclusions This study has identified simple clinical and laboratory parameters that can serve as reliable pointers of a CBA in patients with TOF. A scoring model—the ‘BA-TOF’ score—that predicts the occurrence of a CBA has been proposed. Patients with higher scores on the proposed model should be referred urgently for a CT confirmation of the diagnosis. Usage of such a diagnostic aid in resource-limited settings can optimize the pickup rates of a CBA and potentially improve outcomes.
Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome in Open Carpal Tunnel Release Surgeries with and without External Neurolysis of Median Nerve, Using Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ)–Hindi Version
Authors: Pattankar Sanjeev , Roy Rohan , Warade Anshu , Desai Ketan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background The effectiveness of open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) in treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is well known. However, the role of ancillary external neurolysis of the median nerve is not well-documented. The Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire (BCTQ) is a commonly used disease-specific outcome instrument for CTS, which is validated across major languages of the world. No such validated Hindi version of BCTQ exists.

Objectives To analyze and compare the long-term outcome in patients who underwent OCTR alone and OCTR with external neurolysis of the median nerve, using BCTQ–Hindi version, while checking its validity.

Materials and Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care institute. The BCTQ was translated into Hindi language by a language expert. Eighty-four consecutive patients who underwent either unilateral/bilateral OCTR, with or without external neurolysis of the median nerve, between 2009 and 2019 were included in the study. Outcome analysis was done using BCTQ–Hindi version and patient satisfaction scoring. BCTQ–Hindi version was examined for statistical validity. Subgroup analysis of the outcome based on surgical technique (OCTR vs. OCTR with external neurolysis) used was carried out.

Results Response rate was 80.9%. Total hands evaluated were 108. BCTQ–Hindi version showed statistical validity. Overall symptom severity score (SSS) and functional severity score (FSS) were 1.14 ± 0.4 and 1.12 ± 0.35, respectively. Subgroup analysis of outcome revealed statistically significant results in favor of OCTR with external neurolysis of the median nerve.

Conclusions BCTQ–Hindi version is statistically validated. OCTR with external neurolysis of the median nerve is a promising avenue in surgical management of CTS. Further prospective studies are warranted.