bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding and weaning in Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers of the lower Paraná wetland, South America
Authors: Loponte Daniel , Mazza Bárbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we analyze breastfeeding and weaning practices in pre‐Columbian complex hunter‐gatherers from the lower Paraná River basin (South America).Materials and MethodsWe carried out bone isotope analyses concerning δ13C in collagen and apatite, the spacing between both carbon sources and δ15N in a sample of 23 subadult and adult individuals of both sexes recovered from Late Holocene archaeological sites, ranging from 1665 ± 45 to 680 ± 80 14C years BP.Results and DiscussionThe results indicate that exclusive breastfeeding continued until the age of ~2 years, and weaning probably until 4 years of age. Supplementary foods included C3 plants and probably animal fats and C4 carbohydrates. A high fractionation of 4.9‰ in δ15N values was recognized between breastfeeding infants and adult females, perhaps reflecting episodic hyper‐protein diets in women linked to men's food provisioning during women's gestational/postpartum period. Additionally, male adults present a higher protein intake than females. Although this difference is not statistically significant with the current sample size, it could be a clue related to a sexual division in food procurement.
FRONTotemporal dementia Incidence European Research Study—FRONTIERS: Rationale and design
Authors: Borroni Barbara , Graff Caroline , Hardiman Orla , Ludolph Albert C. , Moreno Fermin , Otto Markus , Piccininni Marco , Remes Anne M , Rowe James B , Seelaar Harro , Stefanova Elka , Traykov Latchezar , Logroscino Giancarlo ,   FRONTIERS
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)–related disorders and their characteristics are not well known. The “FRONTotemporal dementia Incidence European Research Study” (FRONTIERS) is designed to fill this gap.MethodsFRONTIERS is a European prospective, observational population study based on multinational registries. FRONTIERS comprises 11 tertiary referral centers across Europe with long‐lasting experience in FTLD‐related disorders and comprehensive regional referral networks, enabling incidence estimation over well‐defined geographical areas.EndpointsThe primary endpoints are (1) the incidence of FTLD‐related disorders across Europe; (2) geographic trends of FTLD‐related disorders; (3) the distribution of FTLD phenotypes in different populations and ethnicities in Europe; (4) inheritance of FTLD‐related disorders, including the frequencies of monogenic FTLD as compared to overall disease burden; and (5) implementation of data banking for clinical and biological material.Expected impactsFRONTIERS will improve the understanding of FTLD‐related disorders and their epidemiology, promoting appropriate public health service policies and treatment strategies.
Incidence of dementia in a Brazilian population: The Tremembé Epidemiologic Study
Authors: César‐Freitas Karolina G. , Suemoto Claudia K. , Power Melinda C. , Brucki Sonia M. D. , Nitrini Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionFew dementia incidence studies have been performed in Latin America. We aimed to provide the incidence of dementia in a Brazilian community‐dwelling elderly population.MethodsThis study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Tremembé. The 520 participants without dementia at baseline were invited to participate in the follow‐up.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 5 years, the incidence rate of dementia was 26.1 per 1000 person‐years (PY) (95% confidence interval = 18.7–36.6/1000PY). This rate increased exponentially with age (8.3/1000PY for 60‐ to 64‐year‐olds to 110.2/1000PY for ≥80‐year‐olds) and lower education (10.5/1000PY for > 8 years of education to 59.2/1000PY for illiterates). Higher dementia risk was found among individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia at baseline.DiscussionThe dementia incidence rate found was higher than in other countries in people under 65 years. Higher incidence in younger individuals is expected in developing countries probably due to low education and a high burden of cardiovascular diseases.
Synergistic Deoxynucleoside and Gene Therapies for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency
Authors: Lopez‐Gomez Carlos , Sanchez‐Quintero Maria J. , Lee Eung Jeon , Kleiner Giulio , Tadesse Saba , Xie Jun , Akman Hasan Orhan , Gao Guangping , Hirano Michio 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveAutosomal recessive human thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) mutations cause TK2 deficiency, which typically manifests as a progressive and fatal mitochondrial myopathy in infants and children. Treatment with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides deoxycytidine and thymidine ameliorates mitochondrial defects and extends the lifespan of Tk2 knock‐in mouse (Tk2KI) and compassionate use deoxynucleoside therapy in TK2 deficient patients have shown promising indications of efficacy. To augment therapy for Tk2 deficiency, we assessed gene therapy alone and in combination with deoxynucleoside therapy in Tk2KI mice.MethodsWe generated pAAVsc CB6 PI vectors containing human TK2 cDNA (TK2). Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐TK2 was administered to Tk2KI, which were serially assessed for weight, motor functions, and survival as well as biochemical functions in tissues. AAV‐TK2 treated mice were further treated with deoxynucleosides.ResultsAAV9 delivery of human TK2 cDNA to Tk2KI mice efficiently rescued Tk2 activity in all the tissues tested except the kidneys, delayed disease onset, and increased lifespan. Sequential treatment of Tk2KI mice with AAV9 first followed by AAV2 at different ages allowed us to reduce the viral dose while further prolonging the lifespan. Furthermore, addition of deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine supplementation to AAV9 + AAV2 treated Tk2KI mice dramatically improved mtDNA copy numbers in the liver and kidneys, animal growth, and lifespan.InterpretationOur data indicate that AAV‐TK2 gene therapy as well as combination deoxynucleoside and gene therapies is more effective in Tk2KI mice than pharmacological alone. Thus, combination of gene therapy with substrate enhancement is a promising therapeutic approach for TK2 deficiency and potentially other metabolic disorders. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:640–652
Selective Electrosynthetic Hydrocarboxylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with Carbon Dioxide**
Authors: Sheta Ahmed M. , Alkayal Anas , Mashaly Mohammad A. , Said Samy B. , Elmorsy Saad S. , Malkov Andrei V. , Buckley Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe carboxylation of low‐value commodity chemicals to provide higher‐value carboxylic acids is of significant interest. Recently alternative routes to the traditional hydroformylation processes that used potentially toxic carbon monoxide and a transition metal catalyst have appeared. A significant challenge has been the selectivity observed for olefin carboxylation. Photochemical methods have shown a viable route towards the hydrocarboxylation of α,β‐unsaturated alkenes but rely on the use of an excess reducing or amine reagent. Herein we report our investigations of an electrochemical approach that is able to hydrocarboxylate α,β‐unsaturated alkenes with excellent regioselectivity and the ability to carboxylate hindered substrates to afford α‐quaternary center carboxylic acids. The reported process requires no chromatography and the products are purified by simple crystallization from the reaction mixture after work‐up.
Harte Röntgen‐Nanotomographie zur 3D‐Analyse der Verkokung in Nickel‐basierten Katalysatoren
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Batey Darren , Cipiccia Silvia , Stehle Matthias , Abel Ken L. , Gläser Roger , Sheppard Thomas L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDas Verständnis der Katalysatordesaktivierung durch Verkokung ist entscheidend für ein wissensbasiertes Katalysator‐ und Prozessdesign bei Reaktionen mit Kohlenstoffverbindungen. Die Katalysatorverkokung wird dabei typischerweise durch Post‐Mortem‐Analyse untersucht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ptychographische Röntgentomographie (PXCT) zur Analyse von künstlich verkokten Ni/Al2O3‐Katalysatoren für die CO2‐Methansierung und CH4‐Trockenreformierung verwendet. PXCT liefert dabei 3D‐Informationen der lokalen Elektronendichte mit ca. 80 nm Auflösung und ermöglicht somit die Visualisierung und Untersuchung der Ausprägung der Verkokung in Katalysatorpartikeln mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 40 μm. Die Verkokung wurde hauptsächlich im nanoporösen Festkörper identifiziert und konnte nicht in den aufgelösten Makroporen gefunden werden. Die Kohlenstoffbildung wurde unabhängig dazu mittels operando Raman‐Spektroskopie bestätigt. PXCT wird als aufkommende Charakterisierungstechnik hervorgehoben, die eine nanoskalige Identifizierung, Lokalisierung und möglicherweise Quantifizierung von verschiedenen Desaktivierungsphänomenen mit 3D‐Auflösung in kompletten Katalysatorpartikeln ermöglicht.
Gerüst‐Editierung – Stickstoff‐Deletion sekundärer Amine mithilfe anomerer Amid‐Reagenzien
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Seibert Jasmin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie gezielte, nachträgliche Modifikation vorhandener Vorläufermoleküle ermöglicht den Zugang zu einer großen Breite biologisch aktiver Verbindungen. Periphere Editierungen (z. B. C‐H‐Aktivierung) sind weit verbreitete Methoden, während Editierungen am molekularen Grundgerüst noch in den Kinderschuhen stecken. Die Deletion eines Stickstoffatoms unter Verwendung von anomeren Amid‐Reagenzien stellt ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug zur Modifizierung des molekularen Gerüsts sekundärer Amine dar. N‐Pivaloyloxy‐N‐alkoxyamid lässt sich leicht in großem Maßstab herstellen und ermöglicht die Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen unter N2‐Extrusion für eine Vielzahl von (cyclischen) aliphatischen Aminen in hohen Ausbeuten. Durch die breite Verfügbarkeit der Amine können bestehende Syntheseprotokolle in die Konstruktion neuer C‐C‐Bindungen übertragen werden. Dies ermöglicht Ringkontraktionen und zeigt ein hohes Potenzial zur Strukturoptimierung biologisch aktiver Verbindungen.
Laterally Engineering Lanthanide‐MOFs Epitaxial Heterostructures for Spatially Resolved Planar 2D Photonic Barcoding
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Yang Shuo , Xu Baoyuan , Zhang Tongjin , Chen Shunwei , Zhang Weiguang , Sun Xun , Wang Zifei , Wang Xue , Meng Xiangeng , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) heterostructures with domain‐controlled emissive colors have shown great potential for achieving high‐throughput sensing, anti‐counterfeit and information security. Here, a strategy based on steric‐hindrance effect is proposed to construct lateral lanthanide‐MOFs (Ln‐MOFs) epitaxial heterostructures, where the channel‐directed guest molecules are introduced to rebalance in‐plane and out‐of‐plane growth rates of the Ln‐MOFs microrods and eventually generate lateral MOF epitaxial heterostructures with controllable aspect ratios. A library of lateral Ln‐MOFs heterostructures are acquired through a stepwise epitaxial growth procedure, from which rational modulation of each domain with specific lanthanide doping species allows for definition of photonic barcodes in a two‐dimensional (2D) domain with remarkably enlarged encoding capacity. The results provide molecular‐level insight into the use of modulators in governing crystallite morphology for spatially assembling multifunctional heterostructures.
Chemoselective and Highly Sensitive Quantification of Gut Microbiome and Human Metabolites
Authors: Lin Weifeng , Conway Louis P. , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Löhr J.‐Matthias , Globisch Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe microbiome has a fundamental impact on the human host's physiology through the production of highly reactive compounds that can lead to disease development. One class of such compounds are carbonyl‐containing metabolites, which are involved in diverse biochemical processes. Mass spectrometry is the method of choice for analysis of metabolites but carbonyls are analytically challenging. Herein, we have developed a new chemical biology tool using chemoselective modification to overcome analytical limitations. Two isotopic probes allow for the simultaneous and semi‐quantitative analysis at the femtomole level as well as qualitative analysis at attomole quantities that allows for detection of more than 200 metabolites in human fecal, urine and plasma samples. This comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis enhances the scope of metabolomics‐driven biomarker discovery. We anticipate that our chemical biology tool will be of general use in metabolomics analysis to obtain a better understanding of microbial interactions with the human host and disease development.
Grafting polymers from cellulose nanocrystals via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Sèbe Gilles , Hou Yelin , Wang Juan , Huang Jin , Zhou Guofu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are rod‐like nanoparticles extracted from cellulose. Due to their fascinating properties—renewable, biocompatible, non‐toxic, biodegradable, excellent mechanical performances, high specific surface area, water dispersible, can be assemble in chiral nematic phases—CNC have shown promise in various fields, including oil recovery, polymer composites reinforcing, hydrogels, aerogels, supercapacitors, energy saving buildings, cosmetics, papermaking, coatings, liquid crystals, and waste water treatment. However, the hydrophilic surface of CNC hinders their broader applications. In this context, surface modification of CNC via polymer grafting can be used to finely tune their surficial properties and endow CNC with a variety of functionalities, such as conductivity, pH or temperature responsiveness, reactivity…In particular, surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) is a powerful tool to graft various polymers with a high grafting density and controlled chain length. In this review, the precise control of grafted polymers from CNC via SI‐ATRP is first discussed, including issues related to the polymer grafting density, chain length and possibility to perform an asymmetric grafting. Then, the properties and applications of CNC grafted with a variety of polymers are presented. Finally, some challenges and outlook related to the SI‐ATRP method applied to the field of CNC is discussed.
Effects of difunctional reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on the properties of EPDM
Authors: Ma Xutao , Ji Tiezheng , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhao Xiaoran , Wang Wentao , Guo Hongbin , Shen Shuai , Fan Cunlong , Yang Miaomiao , Hou Xiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBifunctional reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) of 3, 13‐divinyl octyphenyl silsesquioxane (DV‐DDSQ) and 3, 13‐dihydro octyphenyl silsesquioxane (DH‐DDSQ) were used as additive to modify ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM), and double vinyl groups or active hydrogen groups of bifunctional reactive POSS (brPOSS) underwent a cross‐linking reaction with the active hydrogen groups and double bonds of EPDM, to investigate the effect of brPOSS regulating functional reaction group on the properties of EPDM. Crosslinking density, mechanical properties, thermal stability and ablation performance of brPOSS modified EPDM were investigated, and the pyrolysis behavior and surface structure of modified EPDM was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the ablation performance of brPOSS modified insulation based on EPDM was investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength of EPDM/DV‐DDSQ and EPDM/DH‐DDSQ increased by 35.8% and 55.3% respectively compared with EPDM; the tear strength increased by 6.4% and 5% than that of EPDM. Moreover, the 5% initial thermal decomposition temperature based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mass (or linear) ablation rate ablative performance of brPOSS modified EPDM were optimized to a certain extent, and the ablative performance of brPOSS modified insulation based on is significantly improved, the mass ablation rate of DV‐DDSQ/insulation and DH‐DDSQ/insulation decreased by 35.4% and 41.6% respectively, and linear ablation rate decreased by 38.2% and 39.4% respectively.
Potential links between wintertime snow cover in central Europe and precipitation over the low‐latitude highlands of China in May
Authors: Ma Anqi , Zhao Jinchuan , Cai Lei , Dong Zeyu , Yang Ruowen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research describes a link between winter–springtime snow cover anomalies in central Europe and precipitation over the low‐latitude highlands of China (LLHC). Excessive snow cover over Europe and East Asia alters the meridional temperature gradient, which induces zonal wind anomalies at the 500 hPa level that impact the strength and position of subtropical streams. These anomalies persist until spring and result in a distinctive paired cyclonic–anticyclonic circulation pattern. Over Mongolia, the imposition of cyclonic circulation weakens the Mongolia High and reduces the potential southward flow of cold air that normally affects the LLHC during spring. Concurrently, the development of anticyclonic conditions over the LLHC weakens springtime precipitation in this area. This paired circulation system is verified by the linear baroclinic model, which also confirms that the observed linkage between snow cover and precipitation is not modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. This analysis affords new insight into the effects of snow cover on the subtropical stream and atmospheric circulations downwind.
Eu(III)–DO3A and BODIPY dyad as a chemosensor for anthrax biomarker
Authors: Alp Meltem , Pamuk Algi Melek , Algi Fatih 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sensitive and selective determination of Bacillus anthracis spores before the infection is vital for human health and safety. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is an excellent biomarker due to its presence in the nucleus of bacterial spores at high concentrations (up to 1 M, about 15% dry weight). In the present work, a new molecular chemosensor 1, based on europium(III)–DO3A and BODIPY dyad, is developed to detect DPA in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) buffered solution and tap water samples. Also, 1 can be used as a ratiometric optical chemosensor to track DPA.
Environmental investment decisions of family firms—An analysis of competitor and government influence
Authors: Bendell Bari L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrior research suggests that family firms are more likely to engage in environment‐friendly practices. However, the source of this difference is less clear. This study investigates how environmental innovations and stakeholder pressure tradeoffs (specifically from competitors and government) are simultaneously evaluated within family and nonfamily firms. An experimental rating‐based conjoint methodology was used to capture and analyze 1936 firm environmental innovation investment decisions. The results indicate that firms were significantly more likely to invest in an environmental innovation that helped reduce regulatory oversight, and less likely to do so when it leads to a negative reputation among their industry peers. The findings also suggest that while firms will make an environmental innovation investment decisions to keep the government close, they are much more likely to avoid these investments if doing so will negatively impact their reputation among their peers—thus keeping their competitors closer. However, the results also demonstrated that family firms who were highly engaged with their peers were significantly less influenced by the possibility of negative peer reputation repercussions when making investment decisions compared with other firms. This research contributes to the development of a more comprehensive theoretical synthesis among the fields of corporate social responsibility (CSR), family business, and stakeholder theory.
Differential responses in EPA and fucoxanthin production by the marine diatom Stauroneis sp. under varying cultivation conditions
Authors: Parkes Rachel , Archer Lorraine , Gee Dónal Mc , Smyth Thomas J. , Gillespie Eoin , Touzet Nicolas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been an increasing drive toward better valorising raw biological materials in the context of the sustainability of bio‐based industries and the circular economy. As such, microalgae hold the ability to biosynthesise valuable metabolites, which are sought after within the bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or nutrition sectors. Owing to their bioactivities, the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin and the omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have fostered increasing interests in terms of sustainably refining them from natural sources, such as microalgae. Together with the suitability of individual species to industrial cultivation, a key challenge resides in optimizing the yields of these compounds within the microalgal biomass they are retrieved from. The marine diatom Stauroneis sp. LACW24 was batch cultivated into its stationary phase of growth prior to being subjected at high cell density (1 × 106 cells mL−1) to seven different regimes of light exposure in replenished medium and under nutritional limitation (silica and nitrate) for 12 days. The highest EPA proportions and yields were obtained under blue LED in f/2 medium (16.5% and 4.8 mg g−1, respectively), double the values obtained under red LED illumination. The fucoxanthin yield was the highest when cells were subjected to blue LEDs (5.9 mg g−1), a fourfold increase compared to the nitrogen‐limited treatment under white LEDs. These results indicate that a two‐stage approach to the batch cultivation of this diatom can be used for enhancing the production of the high‐value metabolites fucoxanthin and EPA post‐stationary phase.
Efficient design optimization of a miniaturized thermoelectric generator for electrically active implants based on parametric model order reduction
Authors: Rao Yongchen , Yuan Chengdong , Sadashivaiah Gunasheela , Hohlfeld Dennis , Bechtold Tamara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research focuses on the design of a miniaturized thermoelectric generator (TEG) for electrically active implants. Its design optimization is performed using the finite element method. A simplified TEG model is obtained by replacing the thermocouple array with a single representative thermopile, which considers the number and fill factor of the thermocouples as parameters. Instead of rebuilding the geometry of a detailed model with multiple thermocouples, the simplified model adapts the material properties of its representative thermopile, facilitating design optimization. We extend the model by integrating the simplified TEG together with a housing inside a human tissue model for thermoelectric analysis. For computation efficiency and applicability of model order reduction (MOR), a thermal model is derived from the thermoelectric one, with the Peltier effect being considered through an effective thermal conductivity. Through parametric MOR, two parametric reduced‐order models are generated from the full‐scale thermoelectric and thermal model, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the design optimization of TEG both in full‐scale and reduced‐order model for maximal power output and sufficient voltage output.