bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to inequality in access to urban health service delivery in low resource setting country
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Kamal Muhammad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Health is considered as constitutional and fundamental right for general people in Bangladesh. Due to poor socio-economic conditions, income disparities, and socio-cultural barriers, many poor people have limited accessibility in health services and also unable to afford quality health care. This study attempts to examine the factors associated with accessibility and affordability of urban health services.
Methods

This is an explanatory research which is being carried out using mixed research approach. Primary data was collected using simple random sampling technique from 150 household’s residents in Sylhet City who have experience in receiving services from the urban public health care centers. This study uses a structured interview schedule including both open ended as well as close ended questions. Moreover, descriptive statistics are used for analyzing field data for understanding accessibility of health services.
Results

This study found that 56% urban poor people have inadequate accessibility of health services as they have different types of financial difficulties including maintaining medical expenditure. The health system prevail discrepancy between mentioned services in citizen charter and availability of services as education and the existence of superstitions significantly impact on access to public health care but religion and age have a little impact in getting health services. Most of the respondents either satisfied (47%) or highly satisfied (29%) with the cordiality of senior consultants, and almost half of the respondents assumed the standard of cabin service is satisfactory (44%) as well as highly satisfactory (2%); however, wealthy and powerful people of the society always get privileges over disadvantaged people paying extra money or social network to get a cabin. Unfortunately, the professionalism of nurses and 4th class employees of public hospitals are not satisfactory. Moreover, there exists a high level of corruption and bureaucratic resistance in public hospitals which hinders equal access of general people to get services. The economic and cultural factors in this research are not highly influential issues for access to health care, but adequate information is one of the challenges for access to health care. Besides, administrative factors in this study have significant influence on the accessibility of health services.
Conclusion

Equal access to health services from public providers are prime need and right for every resident in Sylhet city. Reform in health system management and service provision are useful for promoting accessibility in health services. Therefore, expansion of health coverage, introduction to health insurance scheme, empowerment of urban poor, and ensuring efficient and accountable health service management in public hospital must be ensured for getting adequate health services.
COMSOL Multiphysics® Modelling of Oxygen Diffusion Through a Cellulose Nanofibril Conduit Employed for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Towne Julia , Carter Nicklaus , Neivandt David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Peripheral nerve injury can cause significant impairment, and the current methods for facilitating repair, particularly over distances greater than approximately 1mm, are not entirely effective. Allografts, autografts, and synthetic conduits are three of the most common surgical interventions for peripheral nerve repair, however each has limitations including poor biocompatibility, adverse immune responses, and the need for successive surgeries. A potential new method for promoting peripheral nerve repair that addresses the shortcomings of current interventions is a biocompatible cellulose nanofibril (CNF) conduit that degrades in-vivo over time. Preliminary testing in multiple animal models has yielded positive results, but more information is needed regarding how the CNF conduit facilitates nutrient and gas flow.
Results

The current work employs 3D modelling and analysis via COMSOL Multiphysics® to determine how the CNF conduit facilitates oxygen movement both radially through the conduit walls and axially along the length of the conduit. Various CNF wall permeabilities, conduit lengths, and nerve-to-conduit diameter ratios have been examined; all of which were shown to have an impact on the resultant oxygen profile within the conduit. When the walls of the CNF conduit were modeled to have significant oxygen permeability, oxygen diffusion across the conduit was shown to dominate relative to axial diffusion of oxygen along the length of the conduit, which was otherwise the controlling diffusion mechanism.
Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that there is a complex relationship between axial and radial diffusion as the properties of the conduit such as length, diameter, and permeability are altered and when investigating various locations within the model. At low wall permeabilities the axial diffusion is dominant for all configurations, while for higher wall permeabilities the radial diffusion became dominant for smaller diameters. The length of the conduit did not alter the mechanism of diffusion, but rather had an inverse relationship with the magnitude of the overall concentration profile. As such the modeling results may be employed to predict and control the amount and distribution of oxygenation throughout the conduit, and hence to guide experimental conduit design.
Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in HER2-positive Breast Cancer: A Brown University Oncology Research Group (BrUOG) Study
Authors: Lopresti Mary Lorraine , Bian Jessica J , Sakr Bachir Joseph , Strenger Rochelle S , Legare Robert Duffy , Fenton Mary Anne , Witherby Sabrina M , Dizon Donald S , Pandya Sonali V , Stuckey Ashley R , Edmondson David A , Gass Jennifer S , Emmick Christine M , Graves Theresa A , Cutitar Marlene , Olszewski Adam J , Sikov William M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2+BC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with dual HER2-targeted therapy achieves high pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. Anthracycline-free NACT regimens avoid toxicities associated with anthracyclines, but every 3-week TCHP also has substantial side effects. We hypothesized that a weekly regimen might have equivalent efficacy with less toxicity; we also investigated whether poorly responding patients would benefit from switching to AC. Methods:Patients with clinical stage II-III HER2+BC received weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC2 with every 3-week trastuzumab and pertuzumab (wPCbTP), with the option of splitting the pertuzumab loading dose. After 12 weeks, responding patients continued wPCbTP for another 6 weeks, while non-responders switched to AC. Dose modifications and post-op therapy were at investigator discretion. Results:In 30 evaluable patients, the pCR rate was 77% (95% CI 58-90%); 12/14 (86%) in ER-negative and 11/16 (69%) in ER-positive. Only two patients transitioned to AC for non-response, of which one achieved pCR. There were no episodes of febrile neutropenia or grade >3 peripheral neuropathy, though several patients who continued wPCbTP stopped before week 18. Split-dose pertuzumab was associated with less grade >2 diarrhea (40%) than the standard loading dose (60%). Conclusions:pCR rates with our regimen were as high as reported with TCHP with fewer grade >3 toxicities, though diarrhea remains a concern. Too few patients had a suboptimal response to adequately test switching to AC. The wPCbTP regimen should be considered an alternative to TCHP as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+BC.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02789657
LC circuit mediated sympathetic cooling of a proton via image currents
Authors: Bohman Matthew , Grunhofer Valentin , Smorra Christian , Wiesinger Markus , Will Christian , Borchert Matthias , Devlin Jack , Erlewein Stefan , Fleck Markus , Gavranovic Steffen , Harrington James , Latacz Barbara , Mooser Andreas , Popper Daniel , Wursten Elise , Blaum Klaus , Matsuda Yasuyuki , Ospelkaus Christian , Quint Wolfgang , Walz Jochen , Ulmer Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential in many fundamental physics experiments, for high-precision metrology, and for quantum technology. Until now, ion-ion coupling for sympathetic cooling or quantum state control has been limited to ion species with accessible optical transitions or has required close-range Coulomb interactions. To overcome this limitation and further develop scalable quantum control techniques, there has been a sustained desire to extend laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps, opening quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions, and antimatter particles. Here, we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton by laser cooled Be+ ions stored in a spatially separated Penning trap. The two traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We simultaneously demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environment temperature. Importantly, as this technique does not rely on the direct Coulomb interaction but rather on image-current interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons, facilitating improved precision in matter-antimatter comparisons and dark matter searches.
Safety profiles of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus: A literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mukai Junichi , Kanno Shinya , Kubota Rie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of safety profiles of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The electronic databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Ichushi-web were searched for studies from their inception through to August 2019 and there was no language restriction. Trials were included in the analysis if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (1) comparing the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors with a placebo in Japanese patients with DM ≤ 18 years, and (2) reporting HbA1c and at least one adverse event. We calculated risk ratios with 95%CI and used a random-effects model. Twenty-two out of the 765 RCTs retrieved were ultimately included in the present review, and only one RCT included patients with type 1 DM. The durations of RCTs ranged between 4 and 24 weeks. In comparisons with a placebo, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with similar risks of hypoglycemia, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypovolemia, and fracture. The outcomes of treatments with SGLT2 inhibitors among Japanese patients with DM suggest favorable safety profiles. However, further evidence from studies with a longer duration, involving more diverse populations, or including individual SGLT2 inhibitors is needed to resolve the limitations of the present study.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I: A Multicenter Study in Turkey
Authors: Yaz Ismail , Ozbek Begum , Bildik Hacer Neslihan , Tan Cagman , Halacli Sevil Oskay , Aytekin Elif Soyak , Esenboga Saliha , Cekic Sukru , Kilic Sebnem Sara , Keskin Ozlem , Leeuwen Karin van , Roos Dirk , Cagdas Deniz , Tezcan Ilhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I is rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by mutations in the ITGB2 gene encoding CD18. We present clinical and immunological features of 15 patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed with either a primary immunodeficiency gene panel comprising 266 genes or a small LAD-panel consisting of five genes for genetic analysis. To measure the expression level of integrins on the leukocyte surface, flow cytometry analysis was performed. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 3 (1-48) months. Eleven (73%) of the 15 patients had LAD-I diagnosis in their first 6 months, and fourteen (93%) patients had consanguineous parents. Delayed separation of the umbilical cord was present in 80% (n=12) of the patients in our cohort, whereas omphalitis was observed in 53% (n=8) of the patients. Leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance was observed in 73% (n=11) patients. Nine distinct variants in the ITGB2 gene in 13 of the 15 patients with LAD-I were characterized, of which two (c.305_306delAA and c.779_786dup) are novel homozygous mutations of ITGB2 . Four unrelated patients from Syria had a novel c.305_306delAA mutation that might be a founder effect for patients of Syrian origin. Four (27%) patients underwent HSCT. Two of them died because of HSCT complications, and the other two are alive and well. Early differential diagnosis of the patients is critical in the management of the disease and genetic evaluation provides a basis for family studies and genetic counseling.
Immunomodulation therapy for primary prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injury during primary rehabilitation: protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial (UROVAXOM-Pilot)
Authors: Krebs Joerg , Stoyanov Jivko , Wöllner Jens , Valido Ezra , Pannek Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in individuals with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) following spinal cord injury (SCI). They are not only a great burden for affected individuals, but also cause considerable health costs. Furthermore, recurrent antibiotic treatments of UTIs contribute to the growing problem of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Even though there is a multitude of different measures to prevent UTIs in individuals with NLUTD, no clear evidence exists for any of these. Oral immunomodulation therapy with UTI-relevant Escherichia coli antigens may be a promising preventative measure with a good safety profile in individuals with NLUTD. However, currently available data are sparse.Methods: This is a randomized, quasi-blinded, placebo-controlled, mono-centric pilot trial investigating the feasibility of a main trial regarding the effects of a lyophilized lysate of E. coli strains for oral application (Uro-Vaxom®, OM Pharma SA, Meyrin, Switzerland). There will be two parallel groups of 12 participants each. Individuals with acute SCI (duration SCI ≤56 days) from 18 to 70 years of age admitted for primary rehabilitation will be eligible. Blood and urine samples will be taken prior to intervention start, at the end of the intervention and 3 months after intervention termination. The trial intervention will last 90 days. The participants will not be informed regarding the treatment allocation (quasi-blinded). The nursing staff will prepare the daily dose of the allocated treatment from the original packaging. The trial personnel and the biostatistician will be blinded. Feasibility (e.g. recruitment rate, patient attrition), clinical (e.g. number of symptomatic UTIs) and laboratory parameters (e.g. urinary culture, urinary proteo- and microbiome, blood cell counts) as well as adverse events will be collected. Discussion: Effective and efficient measures for the prevention of UTIs in individuals with NLUTD are urgently needed. If the conclusion of this pilot is positive regarding feasibility, the effects of oral immunomodulation therapy with E. coli antigens will be investigated in a larger, sufficiently powered, multi-center trial.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04049994. Registered 8 August 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04049994
Anmerkungen zum Schiffbau der Hansezeit
Authors: Lehmann Eike , Hoheisel Wolf-Dieter 
Published: March 2021

Remarks on Shipbuilding in the Hanseatic PeriodAs naval architects especially interested in the history of shipbuilding during the Hanseatic period, we feel compelled to highlight some disturbing aspects of the scholarly discussions of shipping among Hanseatic historians. In particular, we note a number of definitions and findings that simply cannot be squared with the physical and technical principles which modern naval architecture has discovered. Of course, we all agree that Hanseatic shipbuilding was a rough-and-ready affair, in which trial and error led to an intuitive understanding of the physical principles involved, even if these were not articulated. Blissfully unaware of maritime engineering, Hanseatic historians have, however, advanced arguments which, viewed in the light of the current state of knowledge in shipbuilding science, are unconvincing.
For instance, concepts such as wales or bends and other structural terms, e.g. deck beams and watertight decks, are described without any clear explanation of their function. Moreover, the definitions of deadweight tonnage, freeboard, calculation of displacement, and the dependency of ship safety on freeboard are inadequate. In short, there is a crying need for cross-polination between Hanseatic historians and naval architects, since a linkage between the archival material and the scientific principles of maritime engineering cannot be but fruitful.
Lübecker Ratsurteile.
Authors: Groth Carsten 
Published: March 2021

The edition of the “Lübecker Ratsurteile” (verdicts by the council of Lübeck) by Wilhelm Ebel (1908 – 1980), a legal historian primarily active in Göttingen, is still considered to be a standard work. This article assesses and critiques this common assessment. In view of the assumptions of its editor – and in particular his activities as a member of the SS-Ahnenerbe, a Nazi organization charged with ‘scientifically’ investigating (and maintaining) Arian racial purity – the edition might be flawed.Ebel assumed that the verdicts embodied Lübeck law (“Lübisches Recht”) and that one could reconstruct Lübeck Law by analysing the “Ratsurteile”. Recent work shows that Lübeck law had a number of other sources as well, so that Ebel’s assumption seems questionable. Moreover, Ebel did not edit all the extant verdicts but rather selected particular ones which he deemed 'essential, substantial and intuitively iomprehensible’. It is unknown which verdicts he left out, much less why. In short, we simply do not know whether Ebel’s reconceptions biased (consciously or unconsciously) his selection of sources for publication and therefore skewed all subsequent research based on his edition. Furthermore, it is probable that he was only able to gain access to the sources (which had been removed for safe-keeping during the war) because he was officially tasked with this project by the SS- Ahnenerbe. Ebel was not above hinting that his work might prove to be politically useful to his Nazi masters. Again, we do not know whether this influenced the selection of the verdicts which Ebel deemed worthy to be included in his edition of the “Lübecker Ratsurteile”.
Modeling sulfide production in full flow concrete sewers based on the HRT variation of sewerage
Authors: Wang Junyan , Xu Xianglong , Liu Shuai , Shao Yuting , Zhang Jingbing , Wang Jian , Li Qinyu , He Yuanpu , Wang Yue , Sun Wenzhuo , Luo Fangzhou , Qi Wei , Liu Guohua , Qi Lu , Wang Hongchen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe corrosion and odor in concrete sewers are mainly related to the sulfide production, which is, under certain circumstances, directly proportional to the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the sewer. To reduce the corrosion and control the odor in concrete sewers, it is necessary to model the production of sulfide in the concrete sewers with different HRTs. However, previous researches were mostly carried out in simulated Perspex-made sewers, and the obtained theoretical formulas based on the Monod equation were impractical because of the complexity. An actual concrete pipe with domestic sewage was employed in this study to obtain a simple but practical model, which can be applied to quantitively describe the sulfide production according to the HRT of the sewer and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the sewage. The empirical equation obtained was , the coefficient is a logarithmic function of the HRT, and the sulfide production rate and COD have a power relationship. Based on the data of COD and HRT obtained in the realistic sewer, the production of sulfide in the sewer can be predicted for better maintaining sewers through sulfide control.
Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Coastal South India
Authors: Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rathi Priya , Shenoy Suchitra M. , Nandan Gautam , Sanil Meenakshi , Saxena Shwetansh , Rai Harshit R. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
It is crucial for the frontline force such as health care workers to be up-to-date with the knowledge of the trend of COVID-19 pandemic and its epidemiology. We conducted this study to assess the knowledge, awareness and perception of health care workers towards the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional survey in the hospitals of coastal Karnataka among health care workers from February to May 2020.

Results:
A total of 197 Health care workers responded. Most of them were females (64%), physicians (45%), with a working experience of 1-10 years (77%). Five percent had a prior experience of the outbreak. The survey showed that the study participants had knowledge about treatment and precautions to be taken. However, some of them were not aware of the recent updates on quarantine and sample testing. Most of them perceived this pandemic as an important public health issue and were concerned that they might get infected in the course.

Conclusion:
There is a partial knowledge among HCWs regarding recent updates on COVID-19 pandemic and its related epidemiology. Hence, frequent sessions with the help of virtual media may be utilized to provide updates, and counseling sessions by experts may be arranged to reduce the fear of the pandemic.
Digital Communications and Society: Student Proceedings from the 2018 Canadian Communication Association Annual Conference
Authors: Lao Mary Grace , Hübner Lena 
Published: March 2021

It is our privilege to publish this special section of the current issue of Stream: Inspiring Critical Thought devoted to publishing the student proceedings from the Canadian Communication Association’s 2018 Conference at the Congress for the Social Science and Humanities held at the University of Regina. In its third year, these proceedings sought to provide a space for graduate students in communication studies across the country to publish their works.
C’est un privilège pour nous de publier une section spéciale du numéro actuel de Stream: Inspiring Critical Thought, consacré à la publication des actes des communications étudiantes du colloque de l’Association canadienne des communications 2018, colloque organisé dans le cadre du Congrès des sciences humaines à l’Université de Régina. Pour une troisième année de suite, cette publication vise à fournir un espace aux étudiants et étudiantes de deuxième et troisième cycle en communication à travers le pays leur permettant de publier leurs travaux de recherche.
MA Defence: â€œOppression in the Reddit Hivemindâ€ By Jesse Betteridge
Authors: Chen Sibo 
Published: March 2021

Our dear colleague, Jesse Betteridge, will defend his MA Thesis on Friday, August 19th, 2016 at Harbour Centre, Room 1505 (10 am -12 noon). Here is the abstract of his thesis “Oppression in the Reddit Hivemind: Tracing Patterns of Misogyny in Electronic Public Spaces”.