bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific genetic factors affect the risk of early‐onset periodontitis in Europeans
Authors: Freitag‐Wolf Sandra , Munz Matthias , Junge Olaf , Graetz Christian , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Staufenbiel Ingmar , Bruckmann Corinna , Lieb Wolfgang , Franke Andre , Loos Bruno G. , Jepsen Søren , Dommisch Henrik , Schaefer Arne S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsVarious studies have reported that young European women are more likely to develop early‐onset periodontitis compared to men. A potential explanation for the observed variations in sex and age of disease onset is the natural genetic variation within the autosomal genomes. We hypothesized that genotype‐by‐sex (G × S) interactions contribute to the increased prevalence and severity.Materials and methodsUsing the case‐only design, we tested for differences in genetic effects between men and women in 896 North‐West European early‐onset cases, using imputed genotypes from the OmniExpress genotyping array. Population‐representative 6823 controls were used to verify that the interacting variables G and S were uncorrelated in the general population.ResultsIn total, 20 loci indicated G × S associations (P < 0.0005), 3 of which were previously suggested as risk genes for periodontitis (ABLIM2, CDH13, and NELL1). We also found independent G × S interactions of the related gene paralogs MACROD1/FLRT1 (chr11) and MACROD2/FLRT3 (chr20). G × S‐associated SNPs at CPEB4, CDH13, MACROD1, and MECOM were genome‐wide‐associated with heel bone mineral density (CPEB4, MECOM), waist‐to‐hip ratio (CPEB4, MACROD1), and blood pressure (CPEB4, CDH13).ConclusionsOur results indicate that natural genetic variation affects the different heritability of periodontitis among sexes and suggest genes that contribute to inter‐sex phenotypic variation in early‐onset periodontitis.
Embryonic development and effect of temperature on larval growth of the Peruvian anchovy Engraulis ringens
Authors: Rioual Fanny , Ofelio Claudia , Rosado‐Salazar Maryandrea , Dionicio‐Acedo Jhon , Peck Myron A. , Aguirre‐Velarde Arturo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding aspects of the biology of early life stages of marine fish is critical if one hopes to reveal the factors and processes that impact the survival and recruitment (year class) strength. The Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) is a key species in the Humboldt current system, and the present study provides the first description of the embryonic and larval development of this species reared in captivity. Embryonic and early exogenous feeding stages of larvae were illustrated in detail at 18.5°C. Hatching was completed within 42 and 48 h post‐fertilization at 18.5 and 14.5°C, respectively. Mean ± 95% C.I. standard length (LS) at hatch (3.40 ± 0.10 mm at 18.5°C and 2.76 ± 0.34 mm at 14.5°C) was significantly different between the two temperatures. Larval behaviour was assessed at 18.5°C; at the onset of exogenous feeding [3 days post‐hatch (dph)], larvae were fed small, motile dinoflagellates, Akashiwo sanguinea. At 7 dph, larvae started to feed almost exclusively on zooplankton (rotifers and Artemia nauplii). Larval activity increased with age, and the first sign of schooling was noted at 31 dph (18.56 mm LS) at 18.5°C. Temperature had a significant effect on size‐at‐age, but not on body shape (depth to LS ratio). The size‐at‐age data for larvae (this study) was used to parameterize a temperature‐corrected von Bertalanffy growth function for Peruvian anchovy, the accuracy of which was assessed for juveniles and adults (literature values).
Contribution of circular economy strategies to climate change mitigation: Generic assessment methodology with focus on developing countries
Authors: Serrano Teddy , Aparcana Sandra , Bakhtiari Fatemeh , Laurent Alexis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs part of the Paris Agreement, countries are asked to put forward their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which present their proposed pathways to tackle climate change. To that end, circular economy (CE) has been proposed as a potentially important catalyzer to meet NDCs. Yet, the potential of CE strategies to help reach climate goals at the country scale has been little explored until now. Here, we propose a consistent step‐wise methodology, which assesses quantitatively the potential of CE strategies to reach national targets for GHG emission mitigation. Projections of a given country's business‐as‐usual (BAU) emissions are derived to pinpoint key emitting sectors and link those with relevant CE strategies identified from the literature that can mitigate their emissions. The resulting mitigation potentials can be compared to different national benchmarks to serve policy making processes. Although applicable to any countries, we focus on applications to developing countries, which often lack structured approaches and efficient mechanisms to integrate their climate objectives into national strategies and policies. As proof‐of‐concept, we thus applied the methodology to the case of Chile. For this country, the proposed sector‐specific CE measures were found to potentially reduce by 37% the GHG emissions in 2030 compared to BAU levels, thus putting the country on track to fulfill its NDC commitments. Building on this proof‐of‐concept and discussions from its run, we recommend the application of our methodology to other countries to identify CE opportunities and enable capacity building to support policy making.
Report from “International Workshop for Junior Fellows 2: Tocolytic treatment for prevention of preterm birth” at the 73rd Annual Congress of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Aoyagi Yoko , Okimura Hiroyuki , Ueda Akihiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt the 73rd Annual Congress of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, we discussed recent tocolytic treatments for the prevention of preterm birth with obstetricians from Korea and Taiwan. The rate of preterm birth in our countries has been increasing, and optimal tocolytic treatments are of great concern. Ritodrine hydrochloride was the first available drug for tocolysis in our countries and is often administered for over 48 h, although it is not recommended for maintenance therapy in Western countries. Meanwhile, there are differences in the use of other tocolytic drugs, based on approval of the drugs and the health insurance systems. Nifedipine and atosiban have not been considered first‐line agents in Japan. The long‐term use of unnecessary tocolysis should be avoided, and the introduction of other tocolytic drugs, including nifedipine or atosiban, should be discussed.
Adult children's estrangement from parents in Germany
Authors: Arránz Becker Oliver , Hank Karsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and predictors of children's estrangement from noncoresident biological mothers and fathers during young and middle adulthood.BackgroundIntergenerational relationships exhibit considerable heterogeneity and need not always be close or intact. However, despite its potentially far‐reaching impact on the entire family system, only very few quantitative studies have been conducted yet investigating adult parent–child estrangement.MethodThis study draws on ten waves of longitudinal survey data from the German Family Panel (pairfam;n = 10,228). We estimate two‐level random‐intercept logit panel regressions of parent–child estrangement, defined as noncontact or emotional distance.ResultsSubstantially, more children experienced periods of estrangement from fathers (20%; corresponding to 12% of person‐years of observation) than from mothers (9%; corresponding to 5% of person‐years of observation). We observed a longitudinal pattern reflecting “modest” dynamics, that is, neither continuously estranged relationships nor multiple transitions into and out of estrangement were the rule. Disruptive family events and, particularly, children's estrangement from “other” (biological or nonbiological) parental figures turned out to be the most important predictors of being estranged from the “focal” biological parent, especially from fathers. Children expressing stronger familistic attitudes were less likely to experience estrangement.ConclusionsEstrangement is a quantitatively relevant phenomenon in adult parent–child relations, where relationships with fathers are particularly vulnerable. Crossovers between children's relationships with various parental figures indicate that estrangement is a family matter that is best addressed by taking a family systems perspective. Estrangement deserves further attention by both researchers and practitioners in family counseling and therapy.
Being creative during lockdown: The relationship between creative potential and COVID‐19‐related psychological distress in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: D’Anselmo Anita , Agnoli Sergio , Filardi Marco , Pizza Fabio , Mastria Serena , Corazza Giovanni Emanuele , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe national lockdown imposed in several countries to counteract the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to an unprecedented situation with serious effects on mental health of the general population and of subjects affected by heterogeneous diseases. Considering the positive association between narcoleptic symptoms and creativity, we aimed at exploring the psychological distress associated with COVID‐19 restrictions and its relationship with depressive symptoms and creativity in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). A total of 52 patients with NT1 and 50 healthy controls, who completed a previous study on creativity, were contacted during the first lockdown period to complete an online survey evaluating psychological distress related to the COVID‐19 outbreak, sleep quality, narcolepsy and depressive symptoms, and creative abilities. The patients with NT1 showed an improvement in subjective sleepiness while controls reported worsening of sleep quality during the lockdown. Depression and NT1 symptom severity proved significant predictors of COVID‐19‐related distress. Creative performance, namely generative fluency, turned out to be a favourable moderator in the relationship between depression and patients’ distress, reducing the detrimental effect of depression on the patients’ wellbeing. On the contrary, creative originality proved to be a disadvantageous moderator in the relationship between NT1 symptom severity and the distress associated with this traumatic event indicating a higher vulnerability to developing COVID‐19‐related distress, particularly evident in patients displaying higher originality. Overall, these results highlight a crucial role of creativity in patients with NT1, suggesting that creative potential could be used as a protective factor against the development of distress associated with the lockdown.
Subjective and objective sleep in young people with borderline personality disorder features
Authors: Jenkins Claire A. , Thompson Katherine N. , Chanen Andrew M. , Hartmann Jessica A. , Nicol Katie , Nicholas Christian L. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCharacterising sleep in young people (aged 15–25 years) with borderline personality disorder (BPD) features is crucial given the association between BPD features and sleep disturbance, negative consequences of poor sleep, and normative developmental sleep changes that occur in this age group. The present study aimed to characterise the sleep profile of young people with BPD to determine whether this profile is non‐normative and specific to BPD. Participants were 96 young people (40 with BPD features, 38 healthy individuals, and 18 young people seeking help for mental health difficulties without BPD). Sleep was measured subjectively (self‐report questionnaires) and objectively (10 days of actigraphy). Young people with BPD features reported poorer subjective sleep quality, greater insomnia symptoms and later chronotype than same‐age healthy and clinical comparison groups. Young people with BPD features also displayed irregular sleep timing, later rise times, greater time in bed and longer sleep durations than healthy young people. Those with BPD features had superior sleep quality (greater sleep efficiency, less wake after sleep onset) and longer sleep durations than the clinical comparison group. Sleep profiles were similar across young people with BPD features with and without co‐occurring depression. Overall, the findings revealed a subjective–objective sleep discrepancy and suggest that sleep‐improvement interventions might be beneficial to improve subjective sleep in young people with BPD features.
Brain diffusion tensor imaging in dogs with degenerative myelopathy
Authors: Lewis Melissa J. , Shomper Jeremy L. , Williamson Baye G. , Vansteenkiste Daniella P. , Bibi Katherine F. , Lim Stefanie H. Y. , Kowal Joseph B. , Coates Joan R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs shares similarities with superoxide dismutase 1‐associated human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Brain microstructural lesions are quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ALS patients.ObjectiveCharacterize brain neurodegenerative changes in DM‐affected dogs using DTI.AnimalsSixteen DM‐affected and 8 control dogs.MethodsProspective observational study. Brain DTI was performed at baseline and every 3 months on DM‐affected dogs and compared to controls. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were calculated on specified regions of interest. Gait scores (0, normal to 14, tetraplegia) were assigned at each scan. Diffusion tensor imaging values in DM‐affected dogs were compared to controls, gait scores, and evaluated over time.ResultsMean age was 5.7 years (SD 3.2) in controls and 9.7 years (SD 1.4) in DM‐affected dogs. In DM‐affected dogs, mean baseline gait score was 4 (SD 1), and mean score change from baseline to last scan was 4.82 (SD 2.67). Nine dogs had ≤3 scans; 7 had >3 scans. Accounting for age, no differences in DTI indices were identified for any brain or proximal spinal cord regions between DM‐affected dogs and controls (P > .05). Diffusion tensor imaging values poorly correlated with gait scores (R2 < .2). No significant changes were identified in diffusion indices over time (P > .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDiffusion tensor imaging indices did not differentiate DM‐affected from control dogs, detect longitudinal changes, or differentiate disease severity. Findings do not yet support brain DTI as an imaging biomarker.
Corrosive effects of corruption on human capital and aggregate productivity
Authors: Abdulla Kanat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorruption has been shown to affect a variety of observed human capital inputs, such as health status, school enrollment, and student dropout rates. However, to the best of our knowledge, the question of how corruption affects unobserved skills has received little attention. This study investigates the effect of corruption on unobserved human capital, measured from the earnings of immigrants, using the U.S. census data for the period 1980–2000. In the human capital model built in the paper, corruption enters the budget constraint of an individual as a cost of the accumulation of unobservable skills. Using data on immigrants and the theoretical model motivating an empirical analysis, the study reveals how corruption impacts the stock of human capital across countries. According to the prediction deriving from the empirical analysis, corruption has a negative effect on the stocks of human capital. The counterfactual findings using the calibrated model suggest that the elimination of corruption increases aggregate output by 18–21% on average.
FindingThe Irish Girl: Race, displacement, and the aesthetic promise of portraiture
Authors: Prizel Natalie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAesthetic considerations have often been ignored, or even derided, when it comes to discussions of race in the 19th century. A disregard for aesthetics and the genres that arise from aesthetic experience has prevented critics from seeing how crucial such questions are to thinking about racial formations. This essay argues for the necessity of taking aesthetic practices and effects seriously in contending with questions of Irishness and anti‐Irish racism in Victorian Britain. In attending to Pre‐Raphaelite fellow‐traveler Ford Madox Brown'sThe Irish Girl(1860), this essay demonstrates how formal approaches not only allow us to observe how racial formations come to be in aesthetic terms but also teach us how to fully see the subject of the painting herself. Thinking about the painting according to the conventions of portraiture is significant for understanding the strategies by which minoritized racialized subjects—and particularly women and girls—make themselves visible.
Exceptional preservation of reidite in the Rochechouart impact structure, France: New insights into shock deformation and phase transition of zircon
Authors: Plan Anders , Kenny Gavin G. , Erickson Timmons M. , Lindgren Paula , Alwmark Carl , Holm‐Alwmark Sanna , Lambert Philippe , Scherstén Anders , Söderlund Ulf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReidite, the high‐pressure zircon (ZrSiO4) polymorph, is a diagnostic indicator of impact events. Natural records of reidite are, however, scarce, occurring mainly as micrometer‐sized lamellae, granules, and dendrites. Here, we present a unique sequence of shocked zircon grains found within a clast from the Chassenon suevitic breccia (shock stage III) from the ˜200 Ma, 20–50 km wide Rochechouart impact structure in France. Our study comprises detailed characterization with scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron backscatter diffraction with the goal of investigating the stability and response of ZrSiO4under extremeP–Tconditions. The shocked zircon grains have preserved various amounts of reidite ranging from 4% up to complete conversion. The grains contain various variants of reidite, including the common habits: lamellae and granular reidite. In addition, three novel variants have been identified: blade, wedge, and massive domains. Several of these crosscut and offset each other, revealing that reidite can form at multiple stages during an impact event. Our data provide evidence that reidite can be preserved in impactites to a much greater extent than previously documented. We have further characterized reversion products of reidite in the form of fully recrystallized granular zircon grains and minute domains of granular zircon in reidite‐bearing grains that occur in close relationship to reidite. Neoblasts in these grains have a distinct crystallography that is the result of systematic inheritance of reidite. We interpret that the fully granular grains have formed from prolonged exposure of temperatures in excess of 1200 °C. Reidite‐bearing grains with granular domains might signify swift quenching from temperatures close to 1200 °C. Grains subjected to these specific conditions therefore underwent partial zircon‐to‐reidite reversion, instead of full grain recrystallization. Based on our ZrSiO4microstructural constraints, we decipher the grains evolution at specificP–Tconditions related to different impact stages, offering further understanding of the behavior of ZrSiO4during shock.
Can nutrition education mitigate the impacts of COVID‐19 on dietary quality? Cluster‐randomised controlled trial evidence in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone
Authors: Ragasa Catherine , Lambrecht Isabel , Mahrt Kristi , Zhao Hongdi , Aung Zin Wai , Scott Jessica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the immediate impact of a nutrition and gender behaviour change communication on dietary quality in rural communities in Myanmar and assess whether the communication helped mitigate the effect of the COVID‐19 crisis on dietary quality. The intervention was designed and implemented as a cluster‐randomised controlled trial in which 15 villages received the intervention and 15 control villages did not. The intervention was implemented from June to October 2020. This paper provides an assessment of the intervention's impact on dietary quality based on the results of two phone surveys conducted in August and October 2020. Immediate impacts of the intervention indicate an improvement in women's dietary diversity scores by half a food group out of 10. At baseline, 44% of women were likely to have consumed inadequately diverse diets; results indicate that 6% (p‐value: 0.003, SE: 0.02) fewer sample women were likely to have consumed inadequately diverse diets. More women in treatment villages consumed pulses, nuts, eggs and Vitamin A‐rich foods daily than in control villages. In response to economic shocks related to COVID‐19, households in the treatment villages were less likely to reduce the quantity of meat and fish consumption than in control villages. The long‐term impacts of the intervention need to be continuously evaluated.
Rapid adaptive radiation in a hillstream cyprinid fish in the East African White Nile River basin
Authors: Levin Boris , Simonov Evgeniy , Franchini Paolo , Mugue Nikolai , Golubtsov Alexander , Meyer Axel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptive radiation of freshwater fishes was long thought to be possible only in lacustrine environments. Recently, several studies have shown that riverine and stream environments also provide the ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation. In this study, we report on a riverine adaptive radiation of six ecomorphs of cyprinid hillstream fishes of the genusGarrain a river located in the Ethiopian Highlands in East Africa.Garraare predominantly highly specialized algae‐scrapers with a wide distribution ranging from Southeast Asia to West Africa. However, adaptive phenotypic diversification in mouth type, sucking disc morphology, gut length and body shape have probably been found among these ecomorphs in a single Ethiopian river. Moreover, we found two novel phenotypes ofGarra(“thick‐lipped” and “predatory”) that had not been discovered before in this species‐rich genus (>160 species). Mitochondrial and genome‐wide data suggest monophyletic, intrabasin evolution ofGarraphenotypic diversity with signatures of gene flow from other local populations. Although sympatric ecomorphs are genetically distinct and can be considered to being young species as suggested by genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, mitochondrial DNA was unable to identify any genetic structure suggesting recent and rapid speciation events. Some data suggest a hybrid origin of the novel “thick‐lipped” ecomorph. Here we highlight how, driven by ecological opportunity, an ancestral trophically highly specialized lineage is likely to have rapidly radiated in a riverine environment promoted by the evolution of novel feeding strategies.