bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asset ownership & incentives to undertake non‐contractible actions: The case of trucking
Authors: Miller Jason , Skowronski Keith , Saldanha John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFirms must continually adjust their operations and those of their supply chain members in response to a continually evolving external environment. Many of these modifications are non‐contractible in that firms cannot devise and enforce contracts on these behaviors. In this research, we extend property rights theory of the firm (PRTF) by suggesting that small entrepreneurs’ ownership of assets used to perform delegated tasks does not always incentivize small entrepreneurs to undertake non‐contractible actions (NCAs) as assumed by canonical PRTF. We argue that the ability of asset ownership to incentivize small entrepreneurs to undertake NCAs will be muted when undertaking NCAs reduces small entrepreneurs’ productivity. We test our hypotheses by examining how trucking companies’ use of independent contractors affected the rate at which they improved compliance with different types of safety rules following a major regulatory change. Consistent with our arguments, we find that the use of independent contractors slowed carriers’ rate of firm‐wide improvement on compliance with hours‐of‐service and vehicle maintenance rules relative to driving safety rules. These results, which remain after extensive robustness testing, have important implications for theory and practice.
Home delivery of the communicator for remote monitoring of cardiac implantable devices: A multicenter experience during the covid‐19 lockdown
Authors: Magnocavallo Michele , Bernardini Alessia , Mariani Marco Valerio , Piro Agostino , Marini Massimiliano , Nicosia Antonino , Adduci Carmen , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Saporito Davide , Grossi Stefano , Santarpia Giuseppe , Vaccaro Paola , Rordorf Roberto , Pentimalli Francesco , Giunta Giuseppe , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic in‐person visits for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices should be replaced by remote monitoring (RM), in order to prevent viral transmission. A direct home‐delivery service of the RM communicator has been implemented at 49 Italian arrhythmia centers.MethodsAccording to individual patient preference or the organizational decision of the center, patients were assigned to the home‐delivery group or the standard in‐clinic delivery group. In the former case, patients received telephone training on the activation process and use of the communicator. In June 2020, the centers were asked to reply to an ad hoc questionnaire to describe and evaluate their experience in the previous 3 months.ResultsRM was activated in 1324 patients: 821 (62%) received the communicator at home and the communicator was activated remotely. Activation required one additional call in 49% of cases, and the median time needed to complete the activation process was 15 min [25th‐75th percentile: 10–20]. 753 (92%) patients were able to complete the correct activation of the system. At the time when the questionnaire was completed, 743 (90%) communicators were regularly transmitting data. The service was generally deemed useful (96% of respondents) in facilitating the activation of RM during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possibly beyond.ConclusionsHome delivery of the communicator proved to be a successful approach to system activation, and received positive feedback from clinicians. The increased use of a RM protocol will reduce risks for both providers and patients, while maintaining high‐quality care.
Detection and diversity of viruses infecting African yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in a collection and F1 progenies in Côte d'Ivoire shed light to plant‐to‐plant viral transmission
Authors: Bakayoko Yacouba , Kouakou Amani M. , Kouassi Abou B. , Gomez Rose‐Marie , Dibi Konan E. B. , Essis Brice S. , N’Zué Boni , Adebola Patrick , N’Guetta Assanvon S.‐P. , Umber Marie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple food whose production is hampered by viral diseases. However, the prevalence, diversity, transmission, and impact of yam‐infecting viruses remain poorly documented. This study reports on the symptomatology, prevalence, and molecular diversity of eight viruses in 38 D. rotundata accessions from a germplasm collection and 206 F1 hybrid progenies maintained in Côte d'Ivoire. Mean severity scores as assessed from leaf symptoms ranged from 2 to 4 in the germplasm collection and from 1 to 3 in F1 hybrids, respectively. Dioscorea mosaic‐associated virus (DMaV), potexviruses, and yam mosaic virus (YMV) were detected by PCR‐based diagnosis tools in single and mixed infections in both the D. rotundata collection and F1 progenies, whereas badnaviruses were detected only in the germplasm collection. In contrast, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), yam macluraviruses, yam asymptomatic virus 1 (YaV1), and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) could not be detected. No correlation could be established between severity scores and indexing results. Phylogenetic analysis performed on partial viral sequences amplified from infected samples unveiled the presence of two putative novel viral species belonging to genera Badnavirus and Potexvirus and provided evidence for plant‐to‐plant transmission of YMV, DMaV, and yam potexviruses.
Digital media and identity construction: Exploring the discourse of Pakistani vloggers
Authors: Farrukh Fizza , Haidar Sham , Shehzad Wasima 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNegative framing of the image of Muslims, especially after 9/11, has caused numerous Muslim communities to become apprehensive about the way their identity is presented in the mass media. One such community being affected by negative representations based on Islamophobia and other gender‐related stereotypes is Pakistan. As a result, these misunderstandings are being addressed through the construction of alternative and contrasting online identities by Pakistani vloggers through digital media. This paper excavates the diversified constructions of vloggers’ online identities using two theoretical approaches to explaining identity construction: micro‐hegemonies and the investment model. Nineteen Pakistani vloggers were purposively selected for the study, who were observed over a period of two years using online observations, interviews, and email conversations, adopting a digital ethnographic approach. The investigation found that the vloggers choose to portray their religious practices, Pakistani identity, and local culture and norms while simultaneously utilizing Western norms to indicate their modernity. Moreover, they regularly emphasize that they are normal, regular human beings. Hence, the paper contributes to understanding how Pakistanis present a complex, hybrid identity which counters the dominant narratives in the media.
Estimation of Vortex-Induced Vibration Based on Observed Wakes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics-Trained Deep Neural Network
Authors: Misaka Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The vibration of a circular cylinder due to fluid forces is of interest in various engineering fields. In this study, we investigate an approach to estimate the fluid forces acting on a circular cylinder in a flow field based on experimental flow visualizations using a deep neural network (DNN). Specifically, the wake patterns and fluid forces are correlated in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and the forces in the experiment are estimated by comparing experimental and computational wake patterns using a DNN. The approach is tested via dye-ink visualization around a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 560, referring to Seyed-Aghazadeh et al. (2015, “An Experimental Investigation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Rotating Circular Cylinder in the Crossflow Direction,” Phys. Fluids, 27(6), p. 067101). First, the CFD simulation of a circular cylinder with forced vibration in the crossflow direction is conducted with various vibration frequencies. Subsequently, the visualized wake images of the resulting flow fields and corresponding fluid forces are used as training data for the DNN. In the estimation, the images from the experiment are detected by the CFD-trained DNN. Thus, we can recall the correlated fluid forces using CFD simulation. The average drag coefficient and peak value of the lift coefficient estimated using streaming experimental images, have standard deviations of 2.1–13.7% and 6.6–18.6%, respectively, depending on the number of training images. The root-mean-square value of the lift coefficient obtained from the estimation is 0.82, which is comparable to the experimental value of 0.8, under the same flow and oscillation conditions.
A Comprehensive Micro-Milling Force Model for a Low-Stiffness Machining System
Authors: Qu Da , Wang Bo , Gao Yuan , Cao Huajun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Micro-milling is widely used in various crucial fields with the ability of machining micro- and meso-scaled functional structures on various materials efficiently. However, the micro-milling force model is not comprehensively developed yet when tool feature sizes continually decrease to under 200 µm in a low-stiffness system. This paper proposes an analytical force model considering the influence of tool radius, size effect, tool runout, tool deflection, and the actual trochoidal trajectories and the interaction of historical tool teeth trajectories (IHTTT). Different micro-milling status are recognized by analyzing the cutting process of different tool teeth. Conditions of single-tooth cutting status are determined by a proposed numerical algorithm, and entry angle and exit angle are analyzed under various cutting conditions for the low-stiffness system. Three micro-milling status, including single-tooth cutting status, are distinguished based on the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness resulting in three types of material removal mechanisms in predicting micro-milling force components. Discontinuous change rates of undeformed chip thickness are found in the low-stiffness micro-milling system. The proposed micro-milling force model is then verified through experiments of micro slot milling Elgiloy alloy with a 150-μm-diametrical two-teeth micro-end mill. The experimental results show a root-mean-square error (RSME) of 0.092 N in the predicted resultant force, accounting for approximately 5.12% of the measured force, by which the proposed theoretical model is verified to be of good prediction accuracy.
Approximate Solution of the Varying Speed Impact of Three-Dimensional Bodies on the Water Surface
Authors: Wen Xueliang , Liu Peiqing , Qu Qiulin , Hu Tianxiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an approximate solution for the varying speed impact of three-dimensional (3D) bodies on the water surface, with the assumptions that the fluid is considered to be incompressible, inviscid, weightless, and with negligible surface tension effects and the flow to be irrotational. The approximate solution provides a linear relationship between Cp and a dimensionless variable K, and the equation of body acceleration. These equations can be used to rapidly predict the pressure distribution on the body surface and the motions of the body. The predictions of the approximate solution match the computational fluid dynamics results very well for the varying speed impacts, including the normal and oblique impacts of a cone on the water surface and the normal impact of a pyramid on the water surface. The present approximate solution can be suitable for the two-dimensional, axisymmetric, and fully 3D impacts of bodies on the water surface with varying speed.
The Transient Temperature Prediction in the Deepwater Riserless Well
Authors: Feng Ming , Teodoriu Catalin , Schubert Jerome 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the transient thermal problem of the circulation fluids in riserless wells, which is critical to well integrity and thus to operational safety of the well. The transient heat transfer model is based on the theory of the energy balance and control volumes to solve the downhole circulation fluids temperature distribution in a riserless well. Examples demonstrate the calculated circulation fluids temperature distribution in the wellbore by using this model.
A Nonlinear Programming Continuation Strategy one Parameter Design Optimization Problems
Authors: Rao J. R. J. , Papalambros P. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An algorithm for computing the effect of large parameter changes on an optimal design solution is presented in some detail. The numerical procedure involves a path-following continuation strategy that takes advantage of the usual computations performed by a nonlinear programming algorithm, specifically the sequential quadratic programming method. One of the applications of this method is to allow the designer to introduce an arbitrary parameter embedding in the model for which a local optimum is known and then to explore the path that this solution would follow under large parameteric deformation. Several examples are included, but detailed design examples are deferred to a sequel article. The present article is itself a sequel to a previous one that presents the theoretical foundation and design motivation for this algorithm.
Systematic Construction of the Equations of Motion for Multibody Systems Containing Closed Kinematic Loops
Authors: Nikravesh P. E. , Gim G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic method for deriving the minimum number of equations of motion for multibody system containing closed kinematic loops. A set of joint or natural coordinates is used to describe the configuration of the system. The constraint equations associated with the closed kinematic loops are found systematically in terms of the joint coordinates. These constraints and their corresponding elements are constructed from known block matrices representing different kinematic joints. The Jacobian matrix associated with these constraints is further used to find a velocity transformation matrix. The equations of motions are initially written in terms of the dependent joint coordinates using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Then the velocity transformation matrix is used to derive a minimum number of equations of motion in terms of a set of independent joint coordinates. An illustrative example and numerical results are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
Serum galectin-3BP as a novel marker of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Zhen Shihan , Ma Yanan , Han Yanshuo , Zhao Zhongyi , Yang Xuelian , Wen Deliang 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionChildhood obesity (OB) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become a worldwide health problem. Comparative proteomic approaches are widely used in human OB to analyze protein changes in blood plasma. The present study determined the galectin-3 binding protein (galectin-3BP) expression level in different weight categories and assessed the associations between galectin-3BP and OB and MetS.Research design and methodsThe current study included 932 Chinese adolescents 13–18 years of age. The biochemical and anthropometric variables of all the subjects were evaluated using standardized procedures. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were investigated among 60 adolescents (20 normal weight, 20 overweight and 20 obese) using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics. The serum galectin-3BP level was measured using ELISA. The associations between galectin-3BP and OB and MetS were analyzed in 932 adolescents using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsA significant DEP, galectin-3BP, can effectively separate the obese from the normal weight group using TMT. Adolescents in tertile 3 of galectin-3BP, when compared with adolescents in the tertile 1, were positively associated with OB (OR=3.32, 95% CI 1.79 to 6.16) and MetS (OR=3.28, 95% CI 1.30 to 8.26). The receiver operating characteristic curve for galectin-3BP in subjects with MetS indicated that the area under the curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91).ConclusionsThis study confirmed an association between galectin-3BP and OB in Chinese adolescents, and galectin-3BP was also positively associated with MetS, and thus might be useful for identifying adolescents with MetS.
Data blinding for the nEDM experiment at PSI
Authors: Ayres N. J. , Ban G. , Bison G. , Bodek K. , Bondar V. , Chanel E. , Chiu P.-J. , Crawford C. B. , Daum M. , Emmenegger S. , Ferraris-Bouchez L. , Flaux P. , Grujić Z. , Harris P. G. , Hild N. , Hommet J. , Kasprzak M. , Kermaïdic Y. , Kirch K. , Komposch S. , Kozela A. , Krempel J. , Lauss B. , Lefort T. , Lemiere Y. , Leredde A. , Mohanmurthy P. , Mtchedlishvili A. , Naviliat-Cuncic O. , Pais D. , Piegsa F. M. , Pignol G. , Rawlik M. , Rebreyend D. , Rienäcker I. , Ries D. , Roccia S. , Rozpedzik D. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Schnabel A. , Virot R. , Weis A. , Wursten E. , Zejma J. , Zsigmond G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPsychological bias towards, or away from, prior measurements or theory predictions is an intrinsic threat to any data analysis. While various methods can be used to try to avoid such a bias, e.g. actively avoiding looking at the result, only data blinding is a traceable and trustworthy method that can circumvent the bias and convince a public audience that there is not even an accidental psychological bias. Data blinding is nowadays a standard practice in particle physics, but it is particularly difficult for experiments searching for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM), as several cross measurements, in particular of the magnetic field, create a self-consistent network into which it is hard to inject a false signal. We present an algorithm that modifies the data without influencing the experiment. Results of an automated analysis of the data are used to change the recorded spin state of a few neutrons within each measurement cycle. The flexible algorithm may be applied twice (or more) to the data, thus providing the option of sequentially applying various blinding offsets for separate analysis steps with independent teams. The subtle manner in which the data are modified allows one subsequently to adjust the algorithm and to produce a re-blinded data set without revealing the initial blinding offset. The method was designed for the 2015/2016 measurement campaign of the nEDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, it can be re-used with minor modification for the follow-up experiment n2EDM, and may be suitable for comparable projects elsewhere.
Sub-TeV hadronic interaction model differences and their impact on air showers
Authors: Pastor-Gutiérrez Á. , Schoorlemmer H. , Parsons R. D. , Schmelling M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the sub-TeV regime, the most widely used hadronic interaction models disagree significantly in their predictions for post-first interaction and ground-level particle spectra from cosmic ray induced air showers. These differences generate an important source of systematic uncertainty in their experimental use. We investigate the nature and impact of model uncertainties through a simultaneous analysis of ground level particles and first interaction scenarios. We focus on air shower primaries with energies close to the transition between high and low energy hadronic interaction models, where the dissimilarities have been shown to be the largest and well within the range of accelerator measurements. Interaction models are shown to diverge as several shower scenarios are compared, reflecting intrinsic differences in the model theoretical frameworks. Finally, we discuss the importance of interactions in the energy regime where the switching between models occurs ($$<1$$

<
1

TeV) and the effect of the choice of model on the number of hadronic interactions within cosmic ray induced air showers of higher energies.
Investigation of $$\varXi _c^0$$ in a chiral quark model
Authors: Hu Xiaohuang , Tan Yue , Ping Jialun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, three new states of $$\varXi _c^0$$

Ξ
c
0

were observed in the invariant mass spectrum of $$\varLambda ^+_cK^-$$

Λ
c
+

K
-

by LHCb collaboration. In this work, we use a chiral quark model to investigate these three exited states with the help of Gaussian expansion method both in three-quark structure and in five-quark structure with all possible quantum numbers $$IJ^P=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

I

J
P

=

1
2

(

1
2

)

-

, $$\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2})^-$$

1
2

(

3
2

)

-

, $$\frac{1}{2}(\frac{5}{2})^-$$

1
2

(

5
2

)

-

, $$\frac{3}{2}(\frac{1}{2})^-$$

3
2

(

1
2

)

-

, $$\frac{3}{2}(\frac{3}{2})^-$$

3
2

(

3
2

)

-

and $$\frac{3}{2}(\frac{5}{2})^-$$

3
2

(

5
2

)

-

. The calculations shows that the masses of 2S and 1D states of $$\varXi _c$$

Ξ
c

are comparable to experimental results; In addition, the resonance states of five-quark configuration are possible candidates of these new states with negative parity by using the real scaling method and their decay width is also given.
Ball intersection properties in metric spaces
Authors: Miesch Benjamin , Pavón Maël 
Published: April 2021

The goal of the present work is to introduce new metric space techniques to study the intersection properties of families of balls. These new techniques add, on the one hand, to results due to Lindenstrauss on the extension of uniformly continuous functions and compact linear operators, and answer, on the other hand, questions raised by Aronszajn and Panitchpakdi on hyperconvex metric spaces. The present work is divided into two parts. In the first part, the proofs of our two main results on ball intersection properties in metric spaces are presented. The first main result states that for any integer n greater or equal to three, a complete and almost n-hyperconvex metric space is automatically n-hyperconvex. The second main result shows that in complete metric spaces, the property of being 4-hyperconvex is equivalent to the property of being finitely hyperconvex and that the analogues are true for externally 4-hyperconvex and weakly externally 4-hyperconvex subsets. This last result and the results proved later in this work unify the analysis of those three properties: hyperconvexity, external hyperconvexity and weak external hyperconvexity. In the second part of this work, we make the link with notions of convexity and bicombings and present applications. We extend local-to-global results on hyperconvex spaces to externally hyperconvex spaces as well as to weakly externally hyperconvex spaces. We conclude with applications of our results to the characterization of externally hyperconvex and weakly externally hyperconvex subsets of hyperconvex spaces.
A Highly Active Oxygen Reduction Composite Electrocatalyst of Fe3C with a N, F Dual-Doped Carbon Layer Hide
Authors: Zhang Hui-Juan , Jia Li , Zhang Yujing , Ma Zi-Feng , Xue Yuhua , Zheng Shiyou , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: April 2021

In low-temperature fuel cells, effective and low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have played an critical role in achieving a practical performance. In this study, a class of non-precious composite electrocatalyst of Fe3C nanoparticles hided in N, F dual-doped carbon layer (Fe3C@NFC) for ORR is successfully synthesized through a facile strategy by heat-treating iron chloride, melamine hydrogen fluoride together with carbon black at high temperature. The obtained Fe3C@NFC pyrolyzed at 800 °C (Fe3C@NFC800) shows the best ORR electrocatalytic activity, where its ORR peak potential and half-wave potential are 0.908 V and 0.882 V, respectively, and the ORR process is dominated by a major direct 4-electron reaction pathway (n = 3.8–4.0) in alkaline solution. Furthermore, it owns more methanol tolerance and stability than those of 20 wt% Pt/C. The high ORR electrocatalytic performance of this Fe3C@NFC800 origins from the synergistic effect between Fe3C crystal and N, F dual-doped carbon layer to form a core–shell structure, having a specific surface area of 786 m2 g−1 with high defect degree (ID/IG is ∼1.2), where Fe3C species are beneficial to the formation of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N for enhancing catalytic ORR process.