bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement entropy of inhomogeneous XX spin chains with algebraic interactions
Authors: Finkel Federico , González-López Artemio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We introduce a family of inhomogeneous XX spin chains whose squared couplings are a polynomial of degree at most four in the site index. We show how to obtain an asymptotic approximation for the Rényi entanglement entropy of all such chains in a constant magnetic field at half filling by exploiting their connection with the conformal field theory of a massless Dirac fermion in a suitably curved static background. We study the above approximation for three particular chains in the family, two of them related to well-known quasi-exactly solvable quantum models on the line and the third one to classical Krawtchouk polynomials, finding an excellent agreement with the exact value obtained numerically when the Rényi parameter α is less than one. When α ≥ 1 we find parity oscillations, as expected from the homogeneous case, and show that they are very accurately reproduced by a modification of the Fagotti-Calabrese formula. We have also analyzed the asymptotic behavior of the Rényi entanglement entropy in the non-standard situation of arbitrary filling and/or inhomogeneous magnetic field. Our numerical results show that in this case a block of spins at each end of the chain becomes disentangled from the rest. Moreover, the asymptotic approximation for the case of half filling and constant magnetic field, when suitably rescaled to the region of non-vanishing entropy, provides a rough approximation to the entanglement entropy also in this general case.
Non-supersymmetric AdS6 and the swampland
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , De Luca G. Bruno , Monaco Gabriele Lo , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We discuss infinite families of non-supersymmetric AdS6 solutions in Type IIB string theory. They are siblings of supersymmetric solutions which are associated with (p, q) 5-brane webs and holographically dual to 5d SCFTs engineered by those brane webs. The non-supersymmetric backgrounds carry identical 5-brane charges and are connected to the supersymmetric ones by RG flows. We study the stability of the non-supersymmetric solutions, identifying perturbative and non-perturbative decay channels for all the backgrounds explicitly available. We also identify likely decay mechanisms for solutions that have not been constructed explicitly but may be expected to exist based on brane web considerations. Finally, we exclude scale separation by constructing universal spin 2 modes with masses comparable to the mass-scale of the cosmological constant.
Operator growth in 2d CFT
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Datta Shouvik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate and characterize the dynamics of operator growth in irrational two-dimensional conformal field theories. By employing the oscillator realization of the Virasoro algebra and CFT states, we systematically implement the Lanczos algorithm and evaluate the Krylov complexity of simple operators (primaries and the stress tensor) under a unitary evolution protocol. Evolution of primary operators proceeds as a flow into the ‘bath of descendants’ of the Verma module. These descendants are labeled by integer partitions and have a one-to-one map to Young diagrams. This relationship allows us to rigorously formulate operator growth as paths spreading along the Young’s lattice. We extract quantitative features of these paths and also identify the one that saturates the conjectured upper bound on operator growth.
The knapsack problem with special neighbor constraints
Authors: Goebbels Steffen , Gurski Frank , Komander Dominique 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe knapsack problem is one of the simplest and most fundamental NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We consider two knapsack problems which contain additional constraints in the form of directed graphs whose vertex set corresponds to the item set. In the one-neighbor knapsack problem, an item can be chosen only if at least one of its neighbors is chosen. In the all-neighbors knapsack problem, an item can be chosen only if all its neighbors are chosen. For both problems, we consider uniform and general profits and weights. We prove upper bounds for the time complexity of these problems when restricting the graph constraints to special sets of digraphs. We discuss directed co-graphs, minimal series-parallel digraphs, and directed trees.
Post-VX exposure treatment of rats with engineered phosphotriesterases
Authors: Stigler Lisa , Köhler Anja , Koller Marianne , Job Laura , Escher Benjamin , Potschka Heidrun , Thiermann Horst , Skerra Arne , Worek Franz , Wille Timo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe biologically stable and highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent (OP) VX poses a major health threat. Standard medical therapy, consisting of reactivators and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonists, is insufficient. Recently, two engineered mutants of the Brevundimonas diminuta phosphotriesterase (PTE) with enhanced catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM = 21 to 38 × 106 M−1 min−1) towards VX and a preferential hydrolysis of the more toxic P(−) enantiomer were described: PTE-C23(R152E)-PAS(100)-10-2-C3(I106A/C59V/C227V/E71K)-PAS(200) (PTE-2), a single-chain bispecific enzyme with a PAS linker and tag having enlarged substrate spectrum, and 10-2-C3(C59V/C227V)-PAS(200) (PTE-3), a stabilized homodimeric enzyme with a double PASylation tag (PAS-tag) to reduce plasma clearance. To assess in vivo efficacy, these engineered enzymes were tested in an anesthetized rat model post-VX exposure (~ 2LD50) in comparison with the recombinant wild-type PTE (PTE-1), dosed at 1.0 mg kg−1 i.v.: PTE-2 dosed at 1.3 mg kg−1 i.v. (PTE-2.1) and 2.6 mg kg−1 i.v. (PTE-2.2) and PTE-3 at 1.4 mg kg−1 i.v. Injection of the mutants PTE-2.2 and PTE-3, 5 min after s.c. VX exposure, ensured survival and prevented severe signs of a cholinergic crisis. Inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) could not be prevented. However, medulla oblongata and diaphragm AChE activity was partially preserved. All animals treated with the wild-type enzyme, PTE-1, showed severe cholinergic signs and died during the observation period of 180 min. PTE-2.1 resulted in the survival of all animals, yet accompanied by severe signs of OP poisoning. This study demonstrates for the first time efficient detoxification in vivo achieved with low doses of heterodimeric PTE-2 as well as PTE-3 and indicates the suitability of these engineered enzymes for the development of highly effective catalytic scavengers directed against VX.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2-RNA in post-mortem samples of human eyes
Authors: Penkava Josef , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Badell Irina , Osterman Andreas , Delbridge Claire , Niederbuchner Florian , Soliman Sarah , Rudelius Martina , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Ulbig Michael , Baumann Carmen , Zapp Daniel , Maier Mathias , Keppler Oliver T. , Lohmann Chris P. , Ledderose Stephan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in post-mortem human eyes. Ocular symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. In some cases, they can occur before the onset of respiratory and other symptoms. Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in conjunctival samples and tear film of patients suffering from COVID-19. However, the detection and clinical relevance of intravitreal SARS-CoV-2 RNA still remain unclear due to so far contradictory reports in the literature.

Methods
In our study 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated post-mortem to assess the conjunctival and intraocular presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using sterile pulmonary and conjunctival swabs as well as intravitreal biopsies (IVB) via needle puncture. SARS-CoV-2 PCR and whole genome sequencing from the samples of the deceased patients were performed. Medical history and comorbidities of all subjects were recorded and analyzed for correlations with viral data.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 10 conjunctival (50%) and 6 vitreal (30%) samples. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing showed the distribution of cases largely reflecting the frequency of circulating lineages in the Munich area at the time of examination with no preponderance of specific variants. Especially there was no association between the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in IVBs and infection with the variant of concern (VOC) alpha. Viral load in bronchial samples correlated positively with load in conjunctiva but not the vitreous.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected post mortem in conjunctival tissues and IVBs. This is relevant to the planning of ophthalmologic surgical procedures in COVID-19 patients, such as pars plana vitrectomy or corneal transplantation. Furthermore, not only during surgery but also in an outpatient setting it is important to emphasize the need for personal protection in order to avoid infection and spreading of SARS-CoV-2. Prospective studies are needed, especially to determine the clinical relevance of conjunctival and intravitreal SARS-CoV-2 detection concerning intraocular affection in active COVID-19 state and in post-COVID syndrome.
Generalization and ranking of fuzzy numbers by relative preference relation
Authors: Koppula Kavitha , Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas , Kuncham Syam Prasad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe define $$2n+1$$

2
n
+
1

and 2n fuzzy numbers, which generalize triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, respectively. Then, we extend the fuzzy preference relation and relative preference relation to rank $$2n+1$$

2
n
+
1

and 2n fuzzy numbers. When the data is representable in terms of $$2n+1$$

2
n
+
1

fuzzy number, we generalize the FMCDM (fuzzy multi-criteria decision making) model constructed with TOPSIS and relative preference relation. Lastly, we give an example from telecommunications to present the proposed FMCDM model and validate the results obtained.
Differences in adults’ spatial scaling based on visual or haptic information
Authors: Szubielska Magdalena , Szewczyk Marta , Möhring Wenke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study examined differences in adults’ spatial-scaling abilities across three perceptual conditions: (1) visual, (2) haptic, and (3) visual and haptic. Participants were instructed to encode the position of a convex target presented in a simple map without a time limit. Immediately after encoding the map, participants were presented with a referent space and asked to place a disc at the same location from memory. All spaces were designed as tactile graphics. Positions of targets varied along the horizontal dimension. The referent space was constant in size while sizes of maps were systematically varied, resulting in three scaling factor conditions: 1:4, 1:2, 1:1. Sixty adults participated in the study (M = 21.18; SD = 1.05). One-third of them was blindfolded throughout the entire experiment (haptic condition). The second group of participants was allowed to see the graphics (visual condition); the third group were instructed to see and touch the graphics (bimodal condition). An analysis of participants’ absolute errors showed that participants produced larger errors in the haptic condition as opposed to the visual and bimodal conditions. There was also a significant interaction effect between scaling factor and perceptual condition. In the visual and bimodal conditions, results showed a linear increase in errors with higher scaling factors (which may suggest that adults adopted mental transformation strategies during the spatial scaling process), whereas, in the haptic condition, this relation was quadratic. Findings imply that adults’ spatial-scaling performance decreases when visual information is not available.
Multirate linearly-implicit GARK schemes
Authors: Günther Michael , Sandu Adrian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany complex applications require the solution of initial-value problems where some components change fast, while others vary slowly. Multirate schemes apply different step sizes to resolve different components of the system, according to their dynamics, in order to achieve increased computational efficiency. The stiff components of the system, fast or slow, are best discretized with implicit base methods in order to ensure numerical stability. To this end, linearly implicit methods are particularly attractive as they solve only linear systems of equations at each step. This paper develops the Multirate GARK-ROS/ROW (MR-GARK-ROS/ROW) framework for linearly-implicit multirate time integration. The order conditions theory considers both exact and approximative Jacobians. The effectiveness of implicit multirate methods depends on the coupling between the slow and fast computations; an array of efficient coupling strategies and the resulting numerical schemes are analyzed. Multirate infinitesimal step linearly-implicit methods, that allow arbitrarily small micro-steps and offer extreme computational flexibility, are constructed. The new unifying framework includes existing multirate Rosenbrock(-W) methods as particular cases, and opens the possibility to develop new classes of highly effective linearly implicit multirate integrators.
Peroxidasin Enhances Basal Phenotype and Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis in Breast Epithelial Progenitor Cell Line D492
Authors: Sigurdardottir Anna Karen , Jonasdottir Arna Steinunn , Asbjarnarson Arni , Helgudottir Hildur Run , Gudjonsson Thorarinn , Traustadottir Gunnhildur Asta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human breast is composed of terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) that are surrounded by stroma. In the TDLUs, basement membrane separates the stroma from the epithelial compartment, which is divided into an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Stem cells and progenitor cells also reside within the epithelium and drive a continuous cycle of gland remodelling that occurs throughout the reproductive period. D492 is an epithelial cell line originally isolated from the stem cell population of the breast and generates both luminal and myoepithelial cells in culture. When D492 cells are embedded into 3D reconstituted basement membrane matrix (3D-rBM) they form branching colonies mimicking the TDLUs of the breast, thereby providing a well-suited in vitro model for studies on branching morphogenesis and breast development. Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that crosslinks collagen IV with the formation of sulfilimine bonds. Previous studies indicate that PXDN plays an integral role in basement membrane stabilisation by crosslinking collagen IV and as such contributes to epithelial integrity. Although PXDN has been linked to fibrosis and cancer in some organs there is limited information on its role in development, including in the breast. In this study, we demonstrate expression of PXDN in breast epithelium and stroma and apply the D492 cell line to investigate the role of PXDN in cell differentiation and branching morphogenesis in the human breast. Overexpression of PXDN induced basal phenotype in D492 cells, loss of plasticity and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as is displayed by complete inhibition of branching morphogenesis in 3D culture. This is supported by results from RNA-sequencing which show significant enrichment in genes involved in epithelial differentiation along with significant negative enrichment of EMT factors. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel role of PXDN in breast epithelial differentiation and mammary gland development.
School-Based Interventions Improve Body Image and Media Literacy in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kurz Martina , Rosendahl Jenny , Rodeck Johanna , Muehleck Julia , Berger Uwe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBody ideals conveyed by the media and by body comparisons often result in body dissatisfaction, which can cause risky health behaviours and eating disorders, especially in adolescents. We conducted a meta-analytic review of existing school-based interventions designed to enhance media literacy in order to reduce body dissatisfaction and to promote a positive body image. We included controlled trials examining children and adolescents from grade five to nine (age 10–15 years) after a manual search and a comprehensive literature search using PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We computed average weighted effect sizes (Hedges’ g) with the help of a random effects model and identified seventeen different programme evaluations with 7392 participants. We found a significantly larger effect on positive body image and media literacy in the intervention compared to control groups. However, heterogeneity was substantial for both outcomes. Results suggest that media literacy interventions have the potential to improve media literacy and reduce body dissatisfaction. Interventions that worked with the principle of induction of cognitive dissonance were the most effective.
Main environmental variables influencing the abundance of plant species under risk category
Authors: Antúnez Pablo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetermining climatic and physiographic variables in Mexico's major ecoregions that are limiting to biodiversity and species of high conservation concern is essential for their conservation. Yet, at the national level to date, few studies have been performed with large data sets and cross-confirmation using multiple statistical analyses. Here, we used 25 endemic, rare and endangered species from 3610 sampling points throughout Mexico and 25 environmental attributes, including average precipitation for different seasons of the year, annual dryness index, slope of the terrain; and maximum, minimum and average temperatures to test our hypothesis that these species could be assessed with the same weight among all variables, showing similar indices of importance. Our results using principal component analysis, covariation analysis by permutations, and random forest regression showed that summer precipitation, length of the frost-free period, spring precipitation, winter precipitation and growing season precipitation all strongly influence the abundance of tropical species. In contrast, annual precipitation and the balance at different seasons (summer and growing season) were the most relevant variables on the temperate region species. For dry areas, the minimum temperature of the coldest month and the maximum temperature of the warmest month were the most significant variables. Using these different associations in different climatic regions could support a more precise management and conservation plan for the preservation of plant species diversity in forests under different global warming scenarios.
Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration
Authors: Liu Chuanqi , Pei Ming , Li Qingfeng , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell—matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid constructionin vitroor tissue regenerationin vivo.However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture developmentin vitroand tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling forin vivoregeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culturein vitroare discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
Total Knee Arthroplasty and Intra-Articular Pressure Sensors: Can They Assist Surgeons with Intra-Operative Decisions?
Authors: Yapp Liam Z. , Robinson Patrick G. , Clement Nicholas D. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Soft tissue imbalance, presenting as instability or stiffness, is an important cause of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Traditional methods of determining soft tissue balance of the knee lack precision and are not reliable between operators. Use of intra-operative pressure sensors offers the potential to identify and avoid soft tissue imbalance following TKA. This review aims to summarise the literature supporting the clinical indication for the use of intra-articular pressure sensors during TKA.

Recent Findings
Analytical validation studies suggest that intra-operative pressure sensors demonstrate ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ intra-observer reliability and ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ interobserver reliability throughout the flexion arc. However, there are important errors associated with measurements when devices are used out-with the stated guidelines and clinicians should be aware of the limitations of these devices in isolation. Current evidence regarding patient benefit is conflicting. Despite positive early results, several prospective studies have subsequently failed to demonstrate significant differences in overall survival, satisfaction, and patient-reported outcome measures within 1 year of surgery.

Summary
Surgeon-defined soft tissue stability appears to be significantly different from the absolute pressures measured by the intra-operative sensor. Whilst it could be argued that this confirms the need for intra-articular sensor guidance in TKA; the optimal ‘target’ balance remains unclear and the relationship with outcome in patients is not determined. Future research should (1) identify a suitable reference standard for comparison; (2) improve the accuracy of the sensor outputs; and (3) demonstrate that sensor-assisted TKA leads to patient benefit in patient-reported outcome measures and/or enhanced implant survival.