bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas viridiflava: An internal outsider of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex
Authors: Lipps Savana M. , Samac Deborah A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPseudomonas viridiflava is a gram‐negative pseudomonad that is phylogenetically placed within the Pseudomonas syringae species complex. P. viridiflava has a wide host range and causes a variety of symptoms in different plant parts, including stems, leaves, and blossoms. Outside of its role as a pathogen, P. viridiflava also exists as an endophyte, epiphyte, and saprophyte. Increased reports of P. viridiflava causing disease on new hosts in recent years coincide with increased research on its genetic variability, virulence, phylogenetics, and phenotypes. There is high variation in its core genome, virulence factors, and phenotypic characteristics. The main virulence factors of this pathogen include the enzyme pectate lyase and virulence genes encoded within one or two pathogenicity islands. The delineation of P. viridiflava in the P. syringae complex has been investigated using several molecular approaches. P. viridiflava comprises its own species, within the complex. While seemingly an outsider to the complex as a whole due to differences in the core genome and virulence genes, low average nucleotide identity to other of P. syringae complex members, and some phenotypic traits, it remains as part of the complex. Defining phylogenetic, phenotypic, and genomic characteristics of P. viridiflava in comparison to other P. syringae members is important to understanding this pathogen and for the development of disease resistance and management practices.TaxonomyKingdom Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Family Pseudomonadaceae; Genus Pseudomonas; Species Pseudomonas syringae species complex, Genomospecies 6, Phylogroup 7 and 8.Microbiological propertiesGram‐negative, fluorescent, aerobic, motile, rod‐shaped, oxidase negative, arginine dihydrolase negative, levan production negative (or positive), potato rot positive (or negative), tobacco hypersensitivity positive.GenomeThere are two complete genomes, five chromosome‐level genomes, and 1,540 genomes composed of multiple scaffolds of P. viridiflava available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Genome database. The median total length of these assemblies is 5,975,050 bp, the median number of protein coding genes is 5,208, and the median G + C content is 59.3%.Disease symptomsP. viridiflava causes a variety of disease symptoms, including spots, streaks, necrosis, rots, and more in above‐ and below‐ground plant parts on at least 50 hosts.EpidemiologyThere have been several significant disease outbreaks on field and horticultural crops caused by P. viridiflava since the turn of the century. P. viridiflava has been reported as a pathogen, epiphyte, endophyte, and saprophyte. This species has been isolated from a variety of environmental sources, including asymptomatic wild plants, snow, epilithic biofilms, and icepacks.
NEAT1 and MALAT1 are highly expressed in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab samples of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Carolina , Adamoski Douglas , Genelhould Gustavo , Zhen Felipe , Yamaguto Guilherme Eiji , Araujo‐Souza Patrícia Savio , Nogueira Meri Bordignon , Raboni Sonia Mara , Bonatto Ana Claudia , Gradia Daniela Fiori , Carvalho de Oliveira Jaqueline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, has become a significant global public health problem, with a wide variety of clinical manifestations and disease progression outcomes. LncRNAs are key regulators of the immune response and have been associated with COVID‐19 risk infection. Previous studies focused mainly on in‐silico analysis of lncRNA expression in the lungs or peripheral blood cells. We evaluated the expression of lncRNAs NEAT1, MALAT1, and MIR3142 in saliva and nasopharyngeal swab from SARS‐CoV‐2 positive (n = 34) and negative patients (n = 46). A higher expression of the lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 (p < 0.05) were found in positive samples. NEAT1 had a higher expression mainly in saliva samples (p < 0.001), and MALAT1 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal samples (p < 0.05). Area under the ROC curve for NEAT1 in saliva was 0.8067. This study was the first to investigate the expression of lncRNAs in saliva and nasopharyngeal samples of COVID‐19 patients, which gives new insights into the initial response to infection and infectivity and may provide new biomarkers for severity and targets for therapy.
Outcomes of non‐left bundle branch block conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Wang Dongjuan , Li Hengdong , Ye Honghua , Jiang Longfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTranscatheteraortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a revolutionized treatment for severe aortic valve stenosis. Although new and improved TAVR devices are constantly being developed, cardiac conduction abnormalities post‐TAVR requiring permanent pace14353maker implantation (PPMI) still occur frequently. Previously, pre‐existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) has been shown to be predictive of PPMI after TAVR compared with patients without RBBB, while occurrence of new left bundle branch block (LBBB) was associated with a higher rate of PPMI. However, less attention has been paid to the clinical values of new onset non‐LBBB conduction disturbances such as RBBB, left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) or atrioventricular block (AVB). To our knowledge, this is the first report focus on the association of new‐onset non‐LBBB and PPMI after TAVR. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Exploring the costs associated with isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Shah Nidhi , Byrne Morgan , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe multistep process to obtain an isotretinoin prescription under the iPLEDGE program is challenging for patients, particularly female patients. This retrospective study evaluates the differences in treatment and costs between male and female patients. While male patients had a higher total cost of treatment than female patients, female patients had a higher treatment cost when medication costs were excluded. Female patients who missed prescription windows had a longer treatment course and incurred significantly higher treatment costs than female patients who did not miss a prescription window. The iPLEDGE program places female patients at a disadvantage of incurring higher treatment costs as a consequence of the prescription window requirement.
Neurocutaneous melanocytosis‐associated malignant melanoma presenting with peritoneal seeding
Authors: Sener Ugur , Elmore Kevin , Jayaseelan Keerthana , Porter Joanne , Marghoob Ashfaq , Rosenblum Marc K. , Haque Sofia , Khakoo Yasmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is characterized by melanocyte deposition in the leptomeninges and brain parenchyma, primarily occurring in children with large or giant congenital melanocytic nevi (LCMN) or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi. Patients with NCM may develop hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure, which can be managed with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. We present the case of a 16‐month‐old girl who developed peritoneal carcinomatosis and malignant ascites following VP shunting for hydrocephalus secondary to NCM to increase awareness of this rare, but serious, complication of cerebrospinal fluid diversion.
Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease: Basic biologic considerations
Authors: Clark Daniel , Kotronia Eftychia , Ramsay Sheena E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAging is associated with the development of disease. Periodontal disease is one of the many diseases and conditions that increase in prevalence with age. In addition to the traditional focus on individual age‐related conditions, there is now a greater recognition that multisystem conditions such as frailty play an important role in the health of older populations. Frailty is a clinical condition in older adults that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. Both frailty and periodontal disease are common chronic conditions in older populations and share several risk factors. There is likely a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and frailty. Comorbid systemic diseases, poor physical functioning, and limited ability to self‐care in frail older people have been implicated as underlying the association between frailty and periodontal disease. In addition, both frailty and periodontal disease also have strong associations with inflammatory dysregulation and other age‐related pathophysiologic changes that may similarly underlie their development and progression. Investigating age‐related changes in immune cells that regulate inflammation may lead to a better understanding of age‐related disease and could lead to therapeutic targets for the improved management of frailty and periodontal disease.
Probiotics for periodontal health—Current molecular findings
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Brody Hanna , Radaic Alan , Kapila Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDysbiosis of the oral microbiome is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease. Oral dysbiosis in periodontal disease leads to an exacerbated host immune response that induces progressive periodontal tissue destruction and ultimately tooth loss. To counter the disease‐associated dysbiosis of the oral cavity, strategies have been proposed to reestablish a “healthy” microbiome via the use of probiotics. This study reviews the literature on the use of probiotics for modifying the oral microbial composition toward a beneficial state that might alleviate disease progression. Four in vitro and 10 preclinical studies were included in the analysis, and these studies explored the effects of probiotics on cultured biofilm growth and bacterial gene expressions, as well as modulation of the host response to inflammation. The current molecular findings on probiotics provide fundamental evidence for further clinical research for the use of probiotics in periodontal therapy. They also point out an important caveat: Changing the biofilm composition might alter the normal oral flora that is beneficial and/or critical for oral health.
Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: What have we learned about their connection and their treatment?
Authors: González‐Febles Jerián , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases defined respectively by the destruction of the articular cartilage and tooth‐supporting periodontal tissues. Although the epidemiologic evidence for an association between these two diseases is still scarce, there is emerging scientific information linking specific bacterial periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in the citrullination process, leading to autoantibody formation and compromised immunotolerance of the susceptible patient to rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we update the existing information on the evidence, not only regarding the epidemiologic association, but also the biologic mechanisms linking these two diseases. Finally, we review information emerging from intervention studies evaluating whether periodontal treatment could influence the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Waistline to the gumline: Relationship between obesity and periodontal disease‐biological and management considerations
Authors: Ganesan Sukirth M. , Vazana Stephanie , Stuhr Sandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObesity is a pandemic and periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease in the world. These two noncommunicable diseases share several risk determinants. Epidemiologic evidence from the last 2 decades has established an increase in periodontitis prevalence in obese and overweight individuals. Biologic mechanisms potentially linking obesity and periodontal disease are adiposity‐associated hyperinflammation, microbial dysbiosis, altered immune response, specific genetic polymorphisms, and increased stress. However, because of the lack of longitudinal interventional studies and randomized clinical trials, there is insufficient evidence to determine the cause‐effect relationship between these two diseases. Despite this, the negative impact of obesity on oral health is well established. Several logistic and physiologic complications are associated with treating obese patients in a dental setting, and it requires an interprofessional team approach. Oral health care professionals need to be aware of the specific management considerations while rendering for this cohort, including modified practice facility and equipment, tailored supportive periodontal therapy, and heightened precaution during conscious sedation and surgical procedures.
The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease
Authors: Sedghi Lea , DiMassa Vincent , Harrington Anthony , Lynch Susan V. , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStates of oral health and disease reflect the compositional and functional capacities of, as well as the interspecies interactions within, the oral microbiota. The oral cavity exists as a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata and microenvironments that house diverse microbial communities. Specific to the oral cavity, the nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate the development of highly complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by the distinct microbes comprising them, but cumulatively by their activities. Adding to this complexity, the oral cavity faces near‐constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, and introduction of exogenous microbes. The composition of the oral microbiome is shaped throughout life by factors including host genetics, maternal transmission, as well as environmental factors, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practice, medications, and systemic factors. This dynamic ecosystem presents opportunities for oral microbial dysbiosis and the development of dental and periodontal diseases. The application of both in vitro and culture‐independent approaches has broadened the mechanistic understandings of complex polymicrobial communities within the oral cavity, as well as the environmental, local, and systemic underpinnings that influence the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Here, we review the present knowledge and current understanding of microbial communities within the oral cavity and the influences and challenges upon this system that encourage homeostasis or provoke microbiome perturbation, and thus contribute to states of oral health or disease.
Periodontology and pregnancy: An overview of biomedical and epidemiological evidence
Authors: Raju Karen , Berens Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWomen are particularly susceptible to developing gingival problems during pregnancy. In addition, periodontal disease in pregnant women may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and infant, which have serious clinical and public health implications. Both scenarios have been extensively researched, helping to bring attention to pregnant women as an important and vulnerable population as it concerns periodontal health. The increase in gingival inflammation caused by hormonal changes in pregnant women is undisputed and has been studied and documented since the 1960s, although the exact etiology is not fully understood. The relationship between periodontal disease during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes is less substantiated, because of conflicting evidence. This review of the biomedical and epidemiologic literature provides an overview of both sides of this relationship and examines the potential mechanisms for developing periodontal disease during pregnancy and the proposed mechanisms by which periodontal disease leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Oral and periodontal implications of tobacco and nicotine products
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. , Couch Elizabeth T. , Vora Manali V. , Holliday Richard S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTobacco use contributes to more mortality and morbidity globally than any other behavioral risk factor. Adverse effects do not spare the oral cavity, with many oral diseases more common, and treatments less successful, in the tobacco‐using patient. Many of the oral health effects of cigarette smoking are well established, but other forms of tobacco, including cigars and smokeless tobacco, merit dental professionals' attention. Recently, an expanding variety of new or emerging tobacco and/or nicotine products has been brought to market, most prominently electronic cigarettes, but also including heated tobacco and other noncombustible nicotine products. The use of cannabis (marijuana) is increasing and also has risks for oral health and dental treatment. For the practicing periodontist, and all dental professionals, providing sound patient recommendations requires knowledge of the general and oral health implications associated with this wide range of tobacco and nicotine products and cannabis. This review provides an overview of selected tobacco and nicotine products with an emphasis on their implications for periodontal disease risk and clinical management. Also presented are strategies for tobacco use counselling and cessation support that dental professionals can implement in practice.
Human and herpesvirus microRNAs in periodontal disease
Authors: Naqvi Afsar R. , Slots Jørgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a multi‐etiologic infection characterized clinically by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Herpesviruses and specific bacterial species are major periodontal pathogens that cooperate synergistically in producing severe periodontitis. Cellular immunity against herpesviruses and humoral immunity against bacteria are key periodontal host defenses. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are modifiers of periodontal disease severity. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding, gene expression‐based, posttranscriptional regulatory RNAs of great importance for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with several medical diseases. Periodontal tissue cells and herpesviruses elaborate several microRNAs that are of current research interest. This review attempts to conceptualize the role of periodontal microRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The diagnostic potential of salivary microRNAs is also addressed. Employment of microRNA technology in periodontics represents an interesting new preventive and therapeutic possibility.
The role of resource reallocation in promoting total factor productivity growth: Insights from China’s agricultural sector
Authors: Zheng Hongyun , Ma Wanglin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the contribution of resource reallocation to aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) in China's agricultural sector using unique county‐level panel data for the period 2002–2016. The factors affecting resource reallocation are also investigated by estimating an unconditional quantile regression (UQR) model. Our results show that there exists an “N‐shaped” contribution of resource reallocation to aggregate TFP over time, and on average, resource reallocation increases aggregate TFP by 4.84% annually. The results of the UQR model indicate that government intervention and financial and labor market development affect resource reallocation heterogeneously. In particular, we show that government intervention significantly decreases resource reallocation at the selected quantiles (except for the 70th quantile), with the largest effect occurring at the lowest 10th quantile. Financial market development significantly increases resource reallocation at all the selected quantiles, whereas labor market development significantly increases resource reallocation exclusively at the 10th, 50th, and 70th quantiles.
The advocacy coalition framework in Japan: Contributions to policy process studies and the challenges involved
Authors: Ohno Tomohiko , Hirayama Naoko , Mineo Keito , Iwata Kengo , Inasawa Izumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advocacy coalition framework (ACF), a unified framework for understanding the policy process, has been applied in various countries and regions; however, there are few contributions from Japan, despite seemingly favorable conditions for applying it. An exploration of what hinders ACF applications in Japan is worthwhile for developing the ACF as a framework for comparative policy process studies across various social and political settings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review previous Japanese ACF studies. Our review found that Japanese ACF studies are fewer in number, have less coverage of policy fields, and have less methodological diversity and transparency than international trends. While most of the Japanese ACF studies supported the basic hypotheses of the ACF, we found a need to refine some hypotheses and research methods of the ACF studies. We also discuss the background factors in the inactivity of ACF studies in Japan and suggest solutions for it.
State Populism in Rural Hungary*
Authors: Czibere Ibolya , Kovách Imre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur concern in this contribution is to ask what the special features of populism in Hungary are, where government and the largest opposition party can be considered populist. The study aims at analyzing motivations, interests, benefits, and profits of populism in fragile Hungarian regions. The main part examines three peculiar features of state populism: the rural support for stabile political and social structures; early‐born conservative social policy, which freezes and preserves social inequalities and pacificates social conflicts; and selective social policy that has made a strong difference between “worthy” and “unworthy” poor, thus, contributing to ethnic‐based conflicts and emerging prejudice. The Hungarian case shows that poverty and social inequalities, disintegration, hierarchical local power structure with dominance of economic–political oligarchy, weak participation, monopolization of local and non‐local media, and racialization of poverty are enabling factors of populism.
Automatic content‐based georeferencing of historical topographic maps
Authors: Luft Jonas , Schiewe Jochen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOld maps are more than a cultural artefact: they are data. Data about the past still hold value for science and decision‐making today. Libraries and archives have come a long way in digitising their inventories of thousands, sometimes millions, of historical maps using high‐resolution scanning. Unfortunately, even with digital images the rich spatial and semantic information is inaccessible for people without a strong background in history and cartography. Only with georeferencing can historical maps be used in GIS and thus processed and compared with modern geospatial data. We introduce content‐based image retrieval to automatically localise and georeference map images from topographic map series. We align the maps by extracting a subset of their symbols and cross‐referencing them with online reference data from OpenStreetMap. We demonstrate our method with the Karte des Deutschen Reiches at 1: 100,000 scale, obtaining 96% correct location predictions and a median georeferencing error of 101 m.