bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Jaundice meter in the assessment of jaundice among Nigerian preterm neonates
Authors: Kayode-Adedeji BO , Owa JA , Akpede GO , Alikah SO 
Published: May 2021

Background: The objective assessment of the severity of neonatal jaundice is Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) determination, which requires multiple blood sampling. This has inherent problems, including risks of anaemia and infection. Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry (TcB) is a reliable, non-invasive alternative, however there is paucity of data on its performance in black preterm neonates.Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) among Nigerian preterm neonates, and to determine the parameters affecting the relationship.Method: Jaundiced preterm neonates delivered between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation admitted at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Nigeria were recruited . The TSB levels were determined by spectrophotometry while the corresponding TcB levels were obtained using Jaundice Meter (JM-103). The neonates were stratified into gestational age and birth weight groups.Results: A total of 189 paired TcB and TSB levels were obtained from 60 neonates. The Mean (sd) TcB level of 11.4 (3.1) mg/dl was significantly higher than the mean TSB level of 10.2 (2.8)mg/dl (p= 0.028). The overall correlation coefficient between TcB and TSB was 0.98 and it was not significantly affected by the gestational age, birth weight and bilirubin levels.Conc lusion: Transcutneous bilirubin strongly correlates with total serum bilirubin levels among Nigerian preterm neonates, irrespective of gestational age, birth weight and the degree of jaundice.Keywords: hyperbiliruinaemia, jaundice meter, Nigerian, preterm, neonates, transcutaneous bilirubinometry
Socio-economic variables of children with undernutrition and their controls in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
Authors: Abdullahi S.M. , Yakubu A.M. , Bugaje M.A. , Akuyam S.M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Low socio-economic and educational levels of parents are important risk factors for under-nutrition in children. The distribution ofhealth and diseases in childhood had been shown to be strongly influenced by the social characteristics like occupation and educational attainment. The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic status among children with Protein Energy Malnutrition and the Controls in Zaria usingthe modification of the method earlier used by Oyedeji.
Method: This study was a case control health- based descriptive study to determine the socioeconomic and demographic variables in undernourished children in Zaria. Using systematic sampling method, a total of 132 children (cases and controls) between 6 and 59 months of age were selected for assessment of socioeconomic and demographic variables.
Results: Nineteen (28.8%) of the study group belong to social class III as compared to 12 (18.2%) for the controls. As for the educational levels of the parents, among the cases, 28 (42.4%) had Islamic education, 25 (37.9%) had secondary education, 10 (15.1%), 2 (3.0%) and 1 (1.5%) had primary, tertiary and no formal education respectively. For the controls, 7 (10.6%) had Islamic education, 34 (51.5%) had secondary education, 13 (19.7%) and 12 (18.1%) had primary and tertiary education respectively. There was none with no formal education, The statistical analysis showed significant difference (P= 0.0009) between cases and controls for maternal educational levels only among the demographic data.
Conclusion: This study has been able to establish low socio- economic factors among undernourished children studied.
Keywords: Under-nutrition, socioeconomic factors, educational levels, children
Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 as seen in a tertiary institution in South-East Nigeria: A case report
Authors: Daniyan O.W. , Ezeanosike O.B. , Ogbonna-Nwosu C. , Iloduba U.C. 
Published: May 2021

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a lethal form of skeletal dysplasia seen in neonates. The word ‘thanatophoric’ is derived from the Greek word thanatophorus meaning death bringing. Thanatophoric dysplasia results from mutations within the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene which is located on chromosome 4p16.3. A female neonate with dysmorphic features such as macrocephaly, frontal bossing, periorbital swelling and depressed nasal bridge was delivered to a 35year old woman. The upper and lower limbs were short with excessive skin folds. A case of female neonate with thanatophoric dysplasia is hereby reported to raise awareness of this condition and to describe the features of thanatophoric dysplasia seen in this patient .
Key words: Thanatophoric Dysplasia (TD), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene (FGFR3), dysmorphic, macrocephaly
Economic burden of acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 6 – 36 months presenting to a tertiary hospital in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ofora V.C. , Ezechukwu C.C. , Ebenebe J.C. , Elo-Ilo J.C. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Globally,acute watery diarrhoea is amajor cause of childhood morbidityand mortality. It is the fourthleading cause of death in childrencontributing as high as 11% of allchildhood deaths. In Nigeria,acute watery diarrhoea causes240,106 deaths per year. Out ofpocket expenditure is a majorsource of healthcare funding inNigeria, hence treatment of acutewatery diarrhoea places extra financialburden on the familiesespecially those in the low socioeconomicclass.Objective: To determine the costof treatment of acute watery diarrhoeain children aged 6 to 36months.Methodology: This was a crosssectional study conducted on children aged 6-36 months who presented with acute watery diarrhoea from January through October 2017. Data obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire, included sociodemography, duration of illness, treatment cost of the index diarrhoeal episode before presenting to our facility, transportation cost, food and other incidental cost, duration of hospitalization. Diagnostic tests requested and medications prescribed were obtained from the patient’s medical file. Information on drug cost, diagnostic test cost and hospital bed day cost were obtained from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) central pharmacy, NAUTH main laboratoryand account section respectively. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.
Result: Seventy two patients were recruited for the study, of whom 47(65.0%) were males giving a male female ratio of 1.9:1. Forty eight (66.6%) of the study participants belonged to the lower socioeconomic class while 22(30.6%) and 2(2.8%) belonged to the middle and upper socioeconomic class respectively. A mean total treatment post per diarrhoea episode derived from this study was # 37,572.2 ± #12,479.0 which at the time of the study was equivalent to US$ 104.7 ± US$ 34.8. This is well above the then Nigerian minimum monthly wage of 18,000.0 (US$ 50.1).
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the economic burden of acute watery diarrhoea is quite enormous especially to the low socio-economic group. Prevention and improvement of home treatment of diarrhoea may reduce the treatment cost.
Key words: Acute watery diarrhoea, Cost, Children, Hospital
Characterizations of Galena as Potential Photosensitizer in a Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Akinsola Ibukun , Alabi Aderemi Babatunde  , Adedayo Kayode Seun  , Coppede Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Dye is one of the principal parts for high power conversion efficiency in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Conspicuous developments have taken place via the work of several researchers in the engineering of novel dye structures so as to enhance the performance of the system. The properties of a natural mineral dye were studied in this work. The structure of the dye was determined and discovered to have contains constituents that could enhance better absorption of solar radiation for use in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The Lead sulphide and iron content of the mineral dye studied as revealed by the X-Ray diffraction analysis done suggest this. The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) done revealed that the concentration of Lead and Iron (Fe) is high as compared to other elements present in the material, probably as a result of the fact that it is a geological sample (of the earth) and which may even suggest its colour and hence makes it absorbs solar radiation of visible region at its wavelength (around 380 nm – 800 nm). The functional groups present in the dye as obtained from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are the Amine, Carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups, all of which confirm the suitability of the dye material in photosensitizing a semiconductor in a DSSC. The absorption spectra of the dye within the visible region of electromagnetic radiation show that the material has high, increased, and stable absorption of visible light which is suggesting a more durable natural dye for a DSSC than the easily degraded natural dyes of plants source.
The Islamic Education Through Scientific Approach
Authors: Suradi Ahmad , Nilawati Nilawati , Aryati Ani 
Published: May 2021

This article aims to reveal that the learning of Islamic education and scientific-based character is an attempt to neutralize the assumptions about the inability of teachers to develop students to their full potential. Likewise, the assumptions about the learning of Islamic education and manners only have ritual, ethical and moral dimensions so that students can verbally understand the teachings of Islam and are skilled at implementing them, but they do not appreciate the depth of their meaning. This research is qualitative; the informants are religious teachers and students through interview and observation techniques. The research results show that implementing Islamic education and character education through a scientific approach explores the field to find concrete examples of how to empathize with others and be devoted to parents and teachers. Furthermore, learning with a scientific approach, especially on students' character matter, has promising implications for shaping student morals for the better. It is because students are required to practice directly the phenomena that arise from the existing learning material. Therefore, experiments carried out through observation and making simple reports and then discussed in class groups are practical approaches to remember, understand, and practice the messages in the material delivered.
Natural Resources, Institutional Quality and Financial Development in GCC Member Countries: Visiting ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis’ by DCCE Estimation
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Hussain Sadam 
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of the study is to check whether natural resource rent affects the financial development or supporting the resource curse hypothesis by employing a recently developed estimation technique by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) from 1985 to 2017 in GCC member countries. The novelty of this methodology is to consider structural breaks and the heterogeneity issues that are common in panel data. The results of DCCE estimates are in support of the resource hypothesis that natural resource rent hurt financial development. Additionally, this study takes moderation of institutional quality to check the threshold point or turning point where the natural resource rent effect becomes positive. Our results of interaction term postulate that a higher level of institutional quality mitigates the adverse effect of natural resource rent on financial development. The study results recommend the policy of natural resource rent in the presence of high institutional quality should continue because it improves the financial development in GCC member countries.
Общая характеристика предварительного следствия в республике Узбекистан
Authors: Коленко Евгений , Мамбеткулова Маржона 
Published: May 2021

Уголовный процесс — особая сфера взаимоотношений между личностью и государством. Специфика этих взаимоотношений проявляется, в первую очередь, в определенном неравноправии гражданина и сложной системы государственной машины, причем это равно относимо как к обвиняемому (подсудимому), так и к потерпевшему. Этим, кстати, определяется важное значение изучения предварительного следствия, особенностей порядка его реализации. Актуальность исследования в настоящей научной статье также обусловлена тем, что несмотря на практическую применимость института предварительного следствия в Узбекистане, его теоретическая составляющая, охват наибольшего количества аспектов его проведения на данный момент недостаточны.
Cost-Structure and the Volatility of Capitalism
Authors: Philipson Sarah 
Published: May 2021

This conceptual paper explores the phenomena of changing cost-structures and the implications for the volatility of capitalism and the possibility to manage firms in such a hostile environment and proposes future research. It also provides an explanation of why the relevance of accounting is lost, the so-called “relevance lost” debate (see among others Francis & Schipper, 1999).
The changing cost-structures raises fundamental questions concerning the resulting volatility of capitalism and the management of firms in such an increasingly more volatile environment. In Philipson, Johansson & Scheley (2016), we raised the question if it was possible to “...to ride the dragon.” Considering the importance of these phenomena, it is astonishing that we have not found any empirical research concerning them. They rest research questions, based on the author’s almost 25 years of experience as a senior executive in Scandinavian industry.
Bahaya Hamba Bersandar Pada Amal: Perspektif Khauf dan Raja’
Authors: Yusuf Moh 
Published: May 2021

Khauf dan raja' merupakansuatu elemen dari komposisi struktur bangunan jiwa manusia. Suatu elemen yang disediakan oleh sang Pencipta. Kedua elemen ini akan mencul dalam diri manusia pada suatu kondisi atau keadaan tertentu dari pengalaman manusia.Khauf ketika berlebihan dan mendominasi jiwa manusia maka akan berujung kepada putus asa dan berbuah petaka. Sedangkan raja'yang merambat secara liar akan menuntun kepada kesombongan dan berganti kerugian. Hadirnyadominasi khauf berawal dari sikap bersandar kepada amal atau kemampuan secara berlebihan dari seorang hamba. Sedangkan kemunculan raja'yang merambat tidak terkontrol disebabkan oleh sikap yang sama kepada amal. Karakterkebergantunganini telah membuat manusia bersikap minimalis terhadap rahmat Allah serta peran-Nya sebagai pencipta kebijakan absolut suatu amal dinilai/diterima atau ditolak. Dibutuhkan kesimbangan terus menerus antara khauf dan raja' supaya rasa bersandar kepada amal terelimener dan terbangun harmonisasi batin yang nyaman merambah kepada mahabbah.
Economic Crises and Returns to University Education in Middle-Income Countries: Stylized Facts and COVID-19 Projections
Authors: Fasih Tazeen , Patrinos Harry A. , Shafiq M. Najeeb 
Published: May 2021

In this study, we develop a conceptual framework that explains the reasons behind a widening of the gaps in private rates of return to university education during an economic crisis such as COVID-19. Next, we report stylized facts on the private rates of return to university education before and after economic crises in Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa. We further conduct panel regression analysis to assess the statistical significance of the relationship between private returns and crises in the three countries. We conclude by speculating on COVID-19 implications and future research.
Food beliefs and practices during pregnancy in Northern Ghana: Implications for nutrition counseling
Authors: Abubakari Abdulai , Jahn Albrecht , Beiersmann Claudia 
Published: May 2021

Cultural practices and beliefs are important factors that could influence a woman’s dietary choices during pregnancy. We investigated food beliefs among pregnant women in Northern Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty women, selected from three districts. We describe food beliefs regarding ‘recommended’ and ‘prohibited’ foods during pregnancy. There was a general agreement among participants about the recommended foods but not on the prohibited foods. For example, for some banana was regarded as prohibited, while for others it was recommended. Hypersensitivity to smell was attributed to nausea, vomiting and spiting and was largely the most important factor that could modify dietary habits of those who experienced it. Pregnancy is a sensitive phase and thus requires critical care and attention. Therefore, individualized counseling during antenatal clinics instead of the ongoing mass education is recommended as this will help address conditions peculiar to individual pregnancies.
A Study of the Family Names of the Royal Household in the Early Tibetan Empire དུས་རབས ༧-༩ པའི་བར་གི་རྒྱལ་བློན་ཁྱིམ་རྒྱུད་ཀི་རུས་མིང་གི་བྱུང་འཕེལ་ལ་ཅུང་ཙམ་དཔྱད་པ།
Authors: Don grub Pad ma 
Published: May 2021

This current paper aims to explore the evolution of ‘Bla’ belief among Tibetan people during the early Tibetan Empire Period. This paper will also examine how the tradition of family name interacts with the Bla belief. On this basis, individual names and tribal’s names appeared, and further introduced the names of royal household in the period from the seventh to the ninth century. Last but not least, this paper will investigate for what reason people were using names in Shang shung dialect.
དཔྱད་རྩོམ་འདིར་བོད་མིའི་བླའི་འདུ་ཤེས་ཁྲོད་རུས་དང་མིང་གི་བྱུང་འཕེལ་བརྗོད་པ་དང་། ལྷར་ཡང་རུས་དང་མིང་དེ་ཚོ་བ་ག་གེ་མོ་ནས་མི་སྒེར་གྱི་མིང་དུ་གྱུར་ཚུལ། སྒོས་སུ་དུས་རབས་བདུན་པ་ནས་དགུ་པའི་བར་གྱི་བོད་བཙན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་བློན་བཙུན་མོ་དག་གི་མིང་འདོགས་སྟངས་དང་། སྐབས་དེར་དགོས་པ་ག་འདྲ་ཞིག་གི་འོག་ཞང་ཞུང་སྐད་ཀྱི་མཚན་གསོལ་ཚུལ་སོགས་ལ་དཔྱད་པ་ཕྲན་ཙམ་བཏང་ཡོད།
【གནད་ཚིག】བླ། རུས། མིང་། ཞང་སྐད།
Analysis of the Recently Discovered Autobiography of Surkhang Sichö Tseten ༄༅།། གསར་དུ་རྙེད་པའི་བྲིས་དཔེ་བཀའ་བློན་ཟུར་ཁང་སིད་བཅོད་ཚེ་བརྟན་གྱི་རྣམ་ཐར་བཀའི་གུང་བློན་གི་འཁུར་འཛིན་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད་བུང་བའི་མགྲིན་གླུ་ཞེས་པར་དཔྱད་པ།
Authors: 'gyur med Gyung drung 
Published: May 2021

ནང་དོན་གནད་བསྡུས། ཉེ་བའི་ལོ་ཤས་ནང་རྙེད་པའི་བྲིས་དཔེ་འདི་ནི་དུས་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ནས་བཅུ་དགུ་བར་བོད་ས་གནས་སྲིད་གཞུང་གི་བཀའ་བློན་ཟུར་ཁང་སྲིད་བཅོད་ཚེ་བརྟན་གྱི་རང་རྣམ་འཁྲུལ་མེད་ཅིག་ཡིན་ཞིང་། འདིར་ཡིག་ཚང་ཞིབ་འཇུག་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་རིག་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་མ་དཔེའི་བྲིས་རྒྱུན་རྣམ་པ་དང་རྩོམ་རིག་ཁྱད་ཆོས། ལོ་རྒྱུས་རིན་ཐང་སོགས་ལ་དབྱེ་ཞིབ་བགྱིས་ཁུལ་དང་། རྣམ་ཐར་ལས་བསྟན་པའི་ཟུར་ཁང་ཁྱིམ་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་བཀའ་བློན་གྱི་མི་ཚེ། དེ་མིན་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་ལོ་རྒྱུས་གནད་དོན་འགའ་དང་། སྐབས་དེའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་མི་སྣ་ཁག་དང་ཨམ་བན། ཁ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་དཔོན་སོགས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་འཁོད་པར་ངོ་སྤྲོད་དང་དཔྱད་གླེང་ཞུས་ཡོད།

བརྡ་ཆད་གཙོ་བོ། བཀའ་བློན། ཟུར་ཁང་སྲིད་བཅོད་ཚེ་བརྟན། རྟོགས་བརྗོད།
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI, ETIKA, PENGALAMAN AUDITOR, DAN TEKANAN ANGGARAN WAKTU TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Angelina Stella 
Published: May 2021

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of auditor's competency, independency, ethic, experience, and time budget pressure toward audit quality. The object of this research is public accountants (external auditor) that working at Public Accounting Firm in Jakarta and Tangerang.
This research was conducted using a survey method. Data were collected using questionnaires. From 180 questionnaires distributed, 119 questionnaires were returned, and 28 questionnaires were not meet the criteria, so that only 91 questionnaire could be process. Data analysis conducted with multiple linear regression model.
The result of this study were competency, independency, ethic, experience, and time budget pressure have significant influence to audit quality simultaneously. Competency, independency, experience, and time budget pressure have significant influence to audit quality partially. But, ethic not have significant influence to audit quality partially.
ORDER CONVERGENCE OF ORDER BOUNDED SEQUENCES IN RIESZ SPACES
Authors: LAVRIC BORIS 
Published: May 2021

We consider sequences in a Dedekind $\sigma$-complete Riese space, satisfying a

recursive relation
\[ x_{n+p}\ge \sum_{j=1}^p \alpha_{n,j} x_{n+p-j} \qquad \text{for } n=1, 2, \cdots\]

where $p$ is a given natural number and $\alpha_{n,j}$ are nonnegative real numbers satisfying $\sum_{j=1}^p\alpha_{n,j}=1$. We obtain a sufficient condition on coefficients $\alpha_{n,j}$ for which order boundedness of such a sequence $(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ implies its order convergence. In a particular case when $\alpha_{n,j}=\alpha_{j}$ for all $n$ and $j$, it is shown that every order bounded sequence satisfying the above recursive relation order converges if and only if natural numbers $j \le p$ for which $\alpha_{j}>0$, are relative prime.
Lyme disease and arrhythmias
Authors: Dąbrowski Rafał 
Published: May 2021

Infections with spirochetes (Borelia burgdoferi) occur through contact with ticks (Ixodes ricinus) found in
forests, meadows, lawns, in bushes, most often from May to September. The risk of developing Lyme disease after a single tick bite does not exceed 1%. Clinically overt disease develops usually after 0.3-1.4% bites. Lyme disease may affect many organs and is chronic. Symptoms may include skin, eyes, nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, digestive and urogenital system. Cardiovascular system involvement occurs, according to va­rious reports, in 0.5 to 10% of cases. Men are sick more often than women, young patients predominate, < 50 years old. The clinical onset is acute and atrioventricular conduction disturbances are most commonly diagnosed (80-90% of cases). Atrioventricular blocks: first (>70%), second (30%) and third (70%) degree may occur. There are also descriptions of cardiac arrhythmias – both supraventricular and ventricular – as well as cases of prolonged QT interval, especially in children. Identification of patients who are more likely to have a third degree atrioventricular block in Lyme disease is critical to ensure timely and appropriate treatment. In most patients, antibiotic treatment helps to avoid the use of permanent cardiac pacing, but 20-50% of patients may need temporary pacing. In patients quickly, correctly diagnosed and treated – the prognosis is good.
A Comparative Study of COD Removal Efficacy from Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Areca Nut Husk Produced and Commercially Available Activated Carbons
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Sultana Ferdousi , Kabir Md. Rakibul , Brahma Partha Pratim , Tasneem Atkeeya , Sarker Nandita , Akter Mst. Mahmoda , Kabir Md. Mahbub , Uddin Md. Khabir 
Published: May 2021

Pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh are considered as one major industrial as well as environmental pollution problems which discharge a significant amount of organic contaminants in the environment hence require advanced treatment technologies to decontaminate pharmaceutical wastewater. In the present investigation, areca nut husk treated activated carbon (ANHC) was used as an adsorbent to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from pharmaceutical effluent as well as a comparative adsorption efficiency with commercial activated carbon (CAC) was performed. The batch experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale. The materials also evaluated for different adsorbent dosages and contact times. The experiment revealed a removal percentage up to 70% for ANHC and 90% for CAC for 3g of adsorbents in 180 min. The adsorption processes were satisfactorily described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model which shows a better fitting with the maximum regression coefficient for both adsorbents. The results show that Langmuir model best described the experimental data with a highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.9856 for ANHC and 0.9993 for CAC) compared to Freundlich model and the experimental data showed asorption capacity of 36.549 and 64.935 mg/g for ANHC and CAC, correspondingly. According to the adsorption studies, the results revealed that COD adsorption process followed by the monolayer chemisorption mechanisms. The results revealed that ANHC adsorbent is potentially low cost and environmental friendly adsorbent for the removal of organic matter from pharmaceutical effluent.