bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of risk perception for COVID‐19 pandemic on posttraumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers: A survey from four designated hospitals
Authors: Geng Shiyu , Zhou Yaoguang , Zhang Wenyong , Lou Anni , Cai Yuhan , Xie Jieying , Sun Jing , Zhou Wangmei , Liu Weizhi , Li Xu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of current study was to investigate risk perception of COVID‐19 pandemic, sleep quality and time change of leisure activity and their correlations with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in healthcare workers (HCWs) from four designated hospitals in China. Medical staffs (n = 317) from three designated hospitals in Guangdong Province and one designated hospital in Guangxi Province were surveyed on their demographic information, sleep quality and time change of leisure activity, risk perception of pandemic and PTSD symptoms (by using PTSD checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5)). Hierarchical regression and structural equation model (SEM) were used to examine the correlated factors of PTSD. The prevalence of high level of PTSD symptoms (PCL‐5 > =33, a probable diagnosis of PTSD) was 10.7%. Regression analysis found that risk perception (dread: β = 0.142, p < 0.01; familiarity: β = 0.203, p < 0.01), sleep quality (β = 0.250, p < 0.001), time change of leisure activity (β = −0.179, p < 0.01), were independently correlated with PTSD severity, which was further confirmed by SEM. Locations of COVID‐19‐related hazards were significant different in cognitive map of risk perception between groups with high and low levels of PTSD symptoms. Risk perception of COVID‐19 pandemic influenced PTSD symptoms in HCWs. Adequate time for leisure activity and good sleep quality protected some HCWs against PTSD symptoms under the influence of pandemic. More researches were warranted to understand the path from pre‐factors of risk perception to its psychological consequences among HCWs.
Assembly and Exploration of a Single Cell Atlas of the Drosophila Larval Ventral Cord. Identification of Rare Cell Types
Authors: Vicidomini Rosario , Nguyen Tho Huu , Choudhury Saumitra Dey , Brody Thomas , Serpe Mihaela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSingle‐cell RNA sequencing provides a new approach to an old problem: how to study cellular diversity in complex biological systems. This powerful tool has been instrumental in profiling different cell types and investigating, at the single‐cell level, cell states, functions, and responses. However, mining these data requires new analytical and statistical methods for high‐dimensional analyses that must be customized and adapted to specific goals. Here we present a custom multistage analysis pipeline which integrates modules contained in different R packages to ensure flexible, high‐quality RNA‐seq data analysis. We describe this workflow step by step, providing the codes, explaining the rationale for each function, and discussing the results and the limitations. We apply this pipeline to analyze different datasets of Drosophila larval ventral cords, identifying and describing rare cell types, such as astrocytes and neuroendocrine cells. This multistage analysis pipeline can be easily implemented by both novice and experienced scientists interested in neuronal and/or cellular diversity beyond the Drosophila model system. © 2021 US Government.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
In Vitro Cultivation of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum
Authors: Edmondson Diane G. , Norris Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor over a century, investigation of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the spiral‐shaped bacterium that causes syphilis, was hindered by an inability to culture the organism in vitro. A recent breakthrough has enabled continuous in vitro growth of this organism in co‐culture with mammalian tissue culture cells. This article contains the protocols needed to culture T. pallidum in the standard laboratory environment. In addition, protocols for growing and maintaining the required tissue culture cells, for generating isogenic strains by limiting dilution, and for quantitating T. pallidum by darkfield microscopy are included. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: In vitro cultivation of Treponema pallidumBasic Protocol 2: Generation of isogenic strainsSupport Protocol 1: Alternate harvest procedureSupport Protocol 2: Culture of Sf1Ep cellsSupport Protocol 3: Assessment of T. pallidum number and viability
Shear bond strength of acid and laser conditioned enamel and dentine to composite resin restorations: An in vitro study
Authors: Al Habdan Al Hanouf , Al Rabiah Reem , Al Busayes Riham 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the shear bond strength of enamel or dentin conditioned with either Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium, chromium: yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet) laser or phosphoric acid to composite resin restoration.Material and methodsForty posterior human extracted teeth were used. After mesiodistal sectioning of the teeth crowns, the samples were randomly divided into two groups—in the first group (E), bonding was performed on the enamel after roughening and in the second group (D), the enamel was removed and bonding was performed on the dentin. These groups were further randomly divided into two subgroups according to the type of etching (n = 20 each). In the acid‐etched groups (EA and DA), the surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. In the laser‐conditioned groups (EL and DL), the surfaces were conditioned with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Total‐etch adhesive system was used to bond all the 80 specimens resin composite. The composite was vertically light‐cured, and the specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test. Modes of bond failure were determined with a stereomicroscope.ResultsThe highest shear bond strength was observed for the DA group (16.25 ± 1.10 MPa, p < 0.0001), whereas the lowest was observed for the DL group (8.56 ± 0.67 MPa). The adhesive failure mode was the most frequently observed in all groups.ConclusionsThe shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel and dentin etched with phosphoric acid was higher than when conditioned with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Thus, laser conditioning is not recommended.
Differentiated consumer responses to corporate social responsibility domains moderated by corporate social responsibility perceptions: A Kano model‐based perspective
Authors: Li Jinhua , Chen Yongyi , Qing Qiankai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe extant literature has generally overlooked the qualitative differences in corporate social responsibility (CSR) domains. Inspired by this gap, we first propose and justify a new classification of CSR domains (including the must‐be, one‐dimensional and attractive domains) based on the Kano model from the perspective of consumer demand and then experimentally test consumers' differentiated responses to different CSR domains moderated by consumers' CSR perceptions in the cases of both CSR strengths and CSR lapses. Using a sample of adult consumers in China, we find that in both cases, the influences of the three CSR domains on consumers' company evaluation and purchase intention are different, and such influences are moderated by consumers' CSR perceptions and show characteristics of asymmetry. The results not only support asymmetric and nonlinear consumer responses to CSR domains but also provide a novel explanation for such phenomena.
Tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) in human carcinoma‐draining lymph nodes: a novel TAN compartment
Authors: Lonardi Silvia , Missale Francesco , Calza Stefano , Bugatti Mattia , Vescovi Raffaella , Debora Bresciani , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Mattavelli Davide , Lombardi Davide , Benerini Gatta Luisa , Marini Olivia , Tamassia Nicola , Gardiman Elisa , Cassatella Marco A , Scapini Patrizia , Nicolai Piero , Vermi William 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe role of tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) in the nodal spread of cancer cells remains unexplored. The present study evaluates the occurrence and clinical significance of human nodal TANs.MethodsThe relevance, derivation, phenotype and interactions of nodal TANs were explored via a large immunohistochemical analysis of carcinoma‐draining lymph nodes, and their clinical significance was evaluated on a retrospective cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The tumor‐promoting function of nodal TAN was probed in the OSCC TCGA dataset combining TAN and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) signatures.ResultsThe pan‐carcinoma screening identified a consistent infiltration (59%) of CD66b+ TANs in tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Microscopic findings, including the occurrence of intra‐lymphatic conjugates of TANs and cancer cells, indicate that TANs migrate through lymphatic vessels. In vitro experiments revealed that OSCC cell lines sustain neutrophil viability and activation via release of GM‐CSF. Moreover, by retrospective analysis, a high CD66b+ TAN density in M‐TDLNs of OSCC (n = 182 patients) predicted a worse prognosis. The analysis of the OSCC‐TCGA dataset unveiled that the expression of a set of neutrophil‐specific genes in the primary tumor (PT) is highly associated with an EMT signature, which predicts nodal spread. Accordingly, in the PT of OSCC cases, CD66b+TANs co‐localised with PDPN+S100A9− EMT‐switched tumor cells in areas of lymphangiogenesis. The pro‐EMT signature is lacking in peripheral blood neutrophils from OSCC patients, suggesting tissue skewing of TANs.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with a novel pro‐tumoral TAN compartment that may promote nodal spread via EMT, through the lymphatics.
Lysine methyltransferase G9a is an important modulator of trained immunity
Authors: Mourits Vera P , van Puffelen Jelmer H , Novakovic Boris , Bruno Mariolina , Ferreira Anaísa V , Arts Rob JW , Groh Laszlo , Crișan Tania O , Zwaag Jelle , Jentho Elisa , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter , van de Veerdonk Frank L , Weis Sebastian , Oosterwijk Egbert , Vermeulen Sita H , Netea Mihai G , Joosten Leo AB 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesHistone methyltransferase G9a, also known as Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), mediates H3K9 methylation which is associated with transcriptional repression. It possesses immunomodulatory effects and is overexpressed in multiple types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of G9a in the induction of trained immunity, a de facto innate immune memory, and its effects in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG).MethodsEHMT2 expression was assessed upon induction of trained immunity by RNA sequencing and Western blotting. G9a inhibitor BIX‐01294 was used to investigate the effect on trained immunity responses in vitro. Subsequent cytokine production was measured by ELISA, epigenetic modifications were measured by ChIP‐qPCR, Seahorse technology was used to measure metabolic changes, and a luminescence assay was used to measure ROS release. RNA sequencing was performed on BIX‐01294‐treated monocytes ex vivo.ResultsThe expression of EHMT2 mRNA and protein decreased in monocytes during induction of trained immunity. G9a inhibition by BIX‐01294 induced trained immunity and amplified trained immunity responses evoked by various microbial ligands in vitro. This was accompanied by decreased H3K9me2 at the promoters of pro‐inflammatory genes. G9a inhibition was also associated with amplified ex vivo trained immunity responses in circulating monocytes of NMIBC patients. Additionally, altered RNA expression of inflammatory genes in monocytes of NMIBC patients was observed upon ex vivo G9a inhibition. Furthermore, intravesical BCG therapy decreased H3K9me2 at the promoter of pro‐inflammatory genes.ConclusionInhibition of G9a is important in the induction of trained immunity, and G9a may represent a novel therapeutic target in NMIBC patients.
Approximations for the product, ratio, and sum ofα‐μrandom variables with application in the analysis of cognitive radio networks
Authors: Leonardo Elvio J. , Mafra Samuel B. , Montejo‐Sánchez Samuel , Fernández Evelio M. G. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryNovel methods to approximate the probability density function of the product, ratio, and sum ofα‐μrandom variables are presented in this article. The approximations are simple to compute and produce results that range from fairly accurate to perfectly accurate, depending on the parameters of the involvedα‐μdistributions. In addition, as an application of the results, it is investigated the performance of a cooperative cognitive network in which the secondary source and the relays are energy‐constrained nodes and harvest their energy from the primary network.
Effect of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology with histologic follow‐up
Authors: Rohra Prih , Ocampo Gonzalez Fernando A. , Yan Lei , Mir Fatima , Furlan Karina , Basu Sanjib , Barua Animesh , Cheng Lin , Park Ji‐Weon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris system (TPS) for Reporting Urinary Cytology provides a standardized reporting system whose main focus is the diagnosis of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). We conducted a study to see the impact of The Paris System on our cytologic diagnoses with associated histology.Materials and methodsWe reviewed our pathology database regarding urinary specimens in the year before implementation of The Paris System and the year after. We gathered the data regarding cytologic diagnosis and concurrent/subsequent histology.ResultsOver a 1‐year period from 2016‐2017, 486 urine cytology specimens were identified before implementation of The Paris System and diagnosed as follows: 83% benign/negative, 10% atypical, 2% suspicious, 5% HGUC, 0.2% low grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN), and 0.2% unsatisfactory.Over a next 1‐year period from 2017 to 2018, 602 specimens used TPS and diagnosed as follows: 85% negative for HGUC, 6% atypical, 3% suspicious, 4% HGUC, 0.17% LGUN, and 2% unsatisfactory.Although, not listed as a standardized category in The Paris System, our institution used “Negative for high‐grade, cannot rule out low‐grade urothelial neoplasm (NHL)” as a subcategory of Negative for HGUC. 4% of the cases fell into this category.Focusing on the Atypical category before TPS, histology was available in 15/49 (31%) cases. Of these, 40% had HGUC. Regarding the Atypical category after TPS, histology was available in 21/36 (58%) cases. Of these, 52% were HGUC. For the NHL category, concurrent histology was available in 13/26 (50%) cases. Of these, 67% were low grade urothelial neoplasms.ConclusionOur study showed that TPS lowered the rate of Atypical from 10% to 6%. After the implementation of TPS, Atypical corresponded to a higher rate of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma. Also, the NHL subcategory had a high positive predictive value for diagnosing low grade urothelial neoplasms.
Spatial patterns of leaf δ13C and δ15N of aquatic macrophytes in the arid zone of northwestern China
Authors: Gong Xusheng , Xu Zhiyan , Peng Qiutong , Tian Yuqing , Hu Yang , Li Zhongqiang , Hao Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnalysis of stable isotope composition is an important tool in research on plant physiological ecology. However, large‐scale patterns of leaf‐stable isotopes for aquatic macrophytes have received considerably less attention. In this study, we examined the spatial pattern of stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of macrophytes leaves collected across the arid zone of northwestern China (approximately 2.4 × 106 km2) and attempted to illustrate its relationship with environmental factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, sediment total carbon and nitrogen). Our results showed that the mean values of the leaf δ13C and δ15N in the macrophytes sampled from the arid zone were −24.49‰ and 6.82‰, respectively, which were far less depleted than those measured of terrestrial plants. The order of averaged leaf δ13C from different life forms was as follows: submerged > floating‐leaved > emergent. Additionally, our studies indicated that the values of foliar δ13C values of all the aquatic macrophytes were only negatively associated with precipitation, but the foliar δ15N values were mainly associated with temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. Therefore, we speculated that water‐relation factors are the leaf δ13C determinant of macrophytes in the arid zone of northwestern China, and the main factors affecting leaf δ15N values are the complex combination of water and energy factors.
Current and time‐lagged effects of climate on innate immunity in two sympatric snake species
Authors: Combrink Lucia L. , Bronikowski Anne M. , Miller David A. W. , Sparkman Amanda M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Changing environments result in alterations at all levels of biological organization, from genetics to physiology to demography. The increasing frequency of droughts worldwide is associated with higher temperatures and reduced precipitation that can impact population persistence via effects on individual immune function and survival.

We examined the effects of annual climate variation on immunity in two sympatric species of garter snakes from four populations in California over a seven‐year period that included the record‐breaking drought.

We examined three indices of innate immunity: bactericidal competence (BC), natural antibodies (NABs), and complement‐mediated lysis (CL).

Precipitation was the only climatic variable explaining variation in immune function: spring precipitation of the current year was positively correlated to Thamnophis sirtalis BC and NABs, whereas spring precipitation of the previous year was positively correlated to T. elegans BC and NABs. This suggests that T. elegans experiences a physiological time‐lag in response to reduced precipitation, which may reflect lack of capital for investment in immunity in the year following a dry year.

In general, our findings demonstrate compelling evidence that climate can influence wild populations through effects on physiological processes, suggesting that physiological indices such as these may offer valuable opportunities for monitoring the effects of climate.
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline diuretic use: a post hoc analysis from the CANVAS Program
Authors: Yu Jie , Arnott Clare , Neuen Brendon L. , Heersprink Hiddo L. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Cannon Christopher P. , Khan Sadiya S. , Baldridge Abigail S. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Huang Yuli , Li Chao , Figtree Gemma A. , Perkovic Vlado , Jardine Meg J. , Neal Bruce , Huffman Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe CANVAS Program identified the effect of canagliflozin on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) differed according to whether participants were using diuretics at study commencement. We sought to further evaluate this finding related to baseline differences, treatment effects, safety, and risk factor changes.Methods and resultsThe CANVAS Program enrolled 10 142 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomized to canagliflozin or placebo and followed for a mean of 188 weeks. The primary outcome was major cardiovascular events, a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included multiple cardiovascular, renal, and safety events. In this post hoc subgroup analysis, participants were categorized according to baseline use of any diuretic. The effect on outcomes was compared using Cox proportional hazards models, while risk factor changes were compared using mixed‐effect models. At baseline, 4490 (44.3%) participants were using a diuretic. Compared with those not using a diuretic, participants using a diuretic were more likely to be older (mean age ± standard deviation, 64.3 ± 8.0 vs. 62.5 ± 8.3), be female (38.9% vs. 33.4%), and have heart failure (19.6% vs. 10.3%) (all Pdifference < 0.0001). The effect of canagliflozin on major cardiovascular events was greater for those using diuretic at baseline than for those who were not [adjusted hazard ratio 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.78) vs. adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.93–1.36), Pheterogeneity < 0.0001]. Changes in most risk factors, including blood pressure, body weight, and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, were similar between groups (all Pdifference > 0.11), although the effect of canagliflozin on haemoglobin A1c reduction was slightly weaker in participants using compared with not using diuretics at baseline (−0.52% vs. −0.64%, Pheterogeneity = 0.0007). Overall serious adverse events and key safety outcomes, including adverse renal events, were also similar (all Pheterogeneity > 0.07).ConclusionsParticipants on baseline diuretics derived a greater benefit for major cardiovascular events from canagliflozin, which was not fully explained by differences in participant characteristics nor risk factor changes.
Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the EMPULSE trial
Authors: Tromp Jasper , Ponikowski Piotr , Salsali Afshin , Angermann Christiane E. , Biegus Jan , Blatchford Jon , Collins Sean P. , Ferreira João Pedro , Grauer Claudia , Kosiborod Mikhail , Nassif Michael E. , Psotka Mitchell A. , Brueckmann Martina , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: February 2021

AimsTreatment with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improves outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. There is limited experience with the in‐hospital initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with acute HF (AHF) with or without diabetes. EMPULSE is designed to assess the clinical benefit and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin compared with placebo in patients hospitalized with AHF.MethodsEMPULSE is a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled multinational trial comparing the in‐hospital initiation of empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) with placebo. Approximately 500 patients admitted for AHF with dyspnoea, signs of fluid overload, and elevated natriuretic peptides will be randomized 1:1 stratified to HF status (de‐novo and decompensated chronic HF) to either empagliflozin or placebo at approximately 165 sites across North America, Europe and Asia. Patients will be enrolled regardless of ejection fraction and diabetes status and will be randomized during hospitalization and after stabilization (between 24 h and 5 days after admission), with treatment continued up to 90 days after initiation. The primary outcome is clinical benefit at 90 days, consisting of a composite of all‐cause death, HF events, and ≥5 point change from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ‐TSS), assessed using a ‘win‐ratio’ approach. Secondary outcomes include assessments of safety, change in KCCQ‐TSS from baseline to 90 days and change in natriuretic peptides from baseline to 30 days.ConclusionThe EMPULSE trial will evaluate the clinical benefit and safety of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for AHF.