bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vorkommen künstlicher Süßstoffe in deutschen Grundwässern
Authors: Schödl Isabel , Hilliges Falk 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Süßstoffe werden als Zuckeraustauschstoffe in der Lebensmittelindustrie und Landwirtschaft verwendet. Es gibt keine abschließende Bewertung über das Vorkommen in und die Auswirkungen auf Gewässer. Für künstliche Süßstoffe liegen bisher keine Grenzwerte für aquatische Umweltmedien vor. Um das Vorkommen im Grundwasser in Deutschland zu analysieren, konnten im Rahmen dieser Studie Monitoringdaten aus sieben Bundesländern und insgesamt 3311 Messstellen ausgewertet werden. Am häufigsten wurde Acesulfam, gefolgt von Cyclamat, Sucralose und Saccharin bestimmt. Acesulfam wurde mit den höchsten Konzentrationen gemessen. Für die anderen drei Süßstoffe lagen die Maximalwerte deutlich unter den Werten für Acesulfam. Für Acesulfam konnte in den letzten Jahren ein Rückgang der Konzentrationen festgestellt werden. Dies lässt sich durch den vermehrten Abbau von Acesulfam in Kläranlagen erklären. Eine Zunahme an Messwerten über der Bestimmungsgrenze, und somit ein gegenteiliger Trend, zeigte sich für Sucralose. Insgesamt ist für Deutschland die Datenlage für eine flächendeckende Zustandsbeschreibung der Belastungssituation mit Süßstoffen noch nicht ausreichend.
Prognose des Schadstoffaustrags aus mehrphasigen DNAPL-Pools mittels semi-analytischem Berechnungsmodell
Authors: Steding Svenja , Schneider Wilfried 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungMehrphasige DNAPL-Pools zählen zu den häufigsten Ursachen für Grundwasserkontaminationen und sind bekannt für ihre Langlebigkeit. Obwohl Untersuchungen bereits gezeigt haben, dass die Phasen sich in ihrer Wasserlöslichkeit gegenseitig beeinflussen, werden diese Interaktionen von bisherigen Modellen vernachlässigt. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein semi-analytisches Berechnungsmodell entwickelt, welches die Poolzusammensetzung als zeitlich variabel behandelt. Basierend auf dem Raoult’schen Gesetz werden für jede Komponente Molanteil, effektive Wasserlöslichkeit und schließlich der Schadstoffaustrag infolge Advektion, Dispersion und Diffusion bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich deutlich von Studien an einphasigen Pools. So wird gezeigt, dass Schadstofffrachten über die Zeit sowohl zu- als auch abnehmen können und dass ohne Berücksichtigung des Raoult’schen Gesetzes sowohl die Langlebigkeit von DNAPL-Pools als auch die Dauer bis zur Unterschreitung von Grenzwerten teils deutlich unterschätzt wird. Eine Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigt zudem, dass schwer lösliche Nebenbestandteile nicht vernachlässigt werden dürfen, leicht lösliche hingegen schon.
Creative leaps in theory: the might of abduction
Authors: Veen Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that abductive reasoning has a central place in theorizing Health Professions Education. At the root of abduction lies a fundamental debate: How do we connect practice, which is always singular and unique, with theory, which describes the world in terms of rules, generalizations, and universals? While abduction was initially seen as the ‘poor cousin’ of deduction and induction, ultimately it has something important to tell us about the role of imagination and humility in theorizing Health Professions Education. It is that which makes theory possible, because it allows us to ask whatmightbe the case and calls attention to the role of creative leaps in theory. Becoming aware of the abductive reasoning we already perform in our research allows us to take the role of imagination—something rarely associated with theory—seriously.
Simplification of gel point characterization of cellulose nano and microfiber suspensions
Authors: Sanchez-Salvador Jose Luis , Monte M. Concepcion , Negro Carlos , Batchelor Warren , Garnier Gil , Blanco Angeles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanocellulose is an emerging material that needs to be well characterized to control its performance during industrial applications. Gel point (Øg) is a convenient parameter commonly used to estimate the aspect ratio (AR) of cellulose nano/microfibers (CNFs/CMFs), providing critical information on the nanofiber network. However, its estimation requires many sedimentation experiments, tedious and time consuming. In this study, a simpler and faster technique is presented to estimate Øg, based on one or two sedimentation experiments, reducing the experiments by a factor of at least 2.5. Here, this new methodology is successfully validated by using the Øgof different CNF/CMF hydrogels calculated with the traditional methodology, showing an error lower than 7%. The error in the estimation of the AR is lower than 3% in all cases. Furthermore, the two mathematical models currently used to estimate Øg, the smoothing spline and the quadratic fit, are compared and the mathematical assumptions improved.Graphical abstract
Man is a “Rope” Stretched Between Virosphere and Humanoid Robots: On the Urgent Need of an Ethical Code for Ecosystem Survival
Authors: Agnati Luigi F. , Anderlini Deanna , Guidolin Diego , Marcoli Manuela , Maura Guido 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we compare the strategies applied by two successful biological components of the ecosystem, the viruses and the human beings, to interact with the environment. Viruses have had and still exert deep and vast actions on the ecosystem especially at the genome level of most of its biotic components. We discuss on the importance of the human being as contraptions maker in particular of robots, hence of machines capable of automatically carrying out complex series of actions. Beside the relevance of designing and assembling these contraptions, it is of basic importance the goal for which they are assembled and future scenarios of their possible impact on the ecosystem. We can’t procrastinate the development and implementation of a highly inspired and stringent “ethical code” for human beings and humanoid robots because it will be a crucial aspect for the wellbeing of the mankind and of the entire ecosystem.
Values and Beliefs That Shape Cattle Breeding in Southwestern Burkina Faso
Authors: Zoma-Traoré Bienvenue , Ouédraogo-Koné Salifou , Soudré Albert , Ouédraogo Dominique , Yougbaré Bernadette , Traoré Amadou , Khayatzadeh Negar , Mészáros Gábor , Burger Pamela Anna , Mwai Okeyo Ally , Sölkner Johann , Wurzinger Maria , Probst Lorenz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCattle production in southwestern Burkina Faso is under pressure because of resource scarcity, changing climate, and cattle diseases. Well-adapted local breeds, such as Lobi taurine cattle, are increasingly replaced by more productive exotic breeds. Community-based breeding programs (CBBPs) could be a viable option for preserving the breed and improving its productivity. Presuming that CBBPs would succeed only if they align with producers’ beliefs and values, we relied on a combination of conceptual frameworks (theory of basic values, rural livelihood transitions) to explore the values and beliefs of cattle producers. Security was the respondents’ dominant value in their aim to mitigate threats to livelihood, and it was closely linked to achievement in terms of harvest and animal quantity. Livestock-oriented respondents particularly valued conformity with accepted social roles, while achievement and power were more pronounced among crop-oriented respondents. We conclude that CBBPs, to be successful, will need to reduce threats to participants’ livelihood and make benefits of participation immediately visible. We consider the emergence of trusted leadership from the community to be pivotal for creating momentum for novel arrangements in cattle keeping and feeding.
2-D08 treatment regulates C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation via the Erk1/2 and proteasome signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Hyunju , Lee Su-Mi , Joung Hosouk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSUMOylation is one of the post-translational modifications that involves the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to the substrate. SUMOylation regulates multiple biological processes, including myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. 2-D08 is a synthetically available flavone, which acts as a potent cell-permeable SUMOylation inhibitor. Its mechanism of action involves preventing the transfer of SUMO from the E2 thioester to the substrate without influencing SUMO-activating enzyme E1 (SAE-1/2) or E2 Ubc9-SUMO thioester formation. However, both the effects and mechanisms of 2-D08 on C2C12 myoblast cells remain unclear. In the present study, we found that treatment with 2-D08 inhibits C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation. We confirmed that 2-D08 significantly hampers the viability of C2C12 cells. Additionally, it inhibited myogenic differentiation, decreasing myosin heavy chain (MHC), MyoD, and myogenin expression. Furthermore, we confirmed that 2-D08-mediated anti-myogenic effects impair myoblast differentiation and myotube formation, reducing the number of MHC-positive C2C12 cells. In addition, we found that 2-D08 induces the activation of ErK1/2 and the degradation of MyoD and myogenin in C2C12 cells. Taken together, these results indicated that 2-D08 treatment results in the deregulated proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. However, further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of 2-D08 on skeletal muscles.
Believing on eggshells: epistemic injustice through pragmatic encroachment
Authors: Schönherr Julius , Perez Gomez Javiera 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper defends the claim that pragmatic encroachment—the idea that knowledge is sensitive to the practical stakes of believing—can explain a distinctive kind of epistemic injustice: the injustice that occurs when prejudice causes someone to know less than they otherwise would. Thisencroachment injustice, as we call it, occurs when the threat of being met with prejudice raises the stakes for someone to rely on her belief when acting, by raising the level of evidential support required for knowledge. We explain this notion of encroachment injustice, connect it to the empirical literature on implicit bias, and defend it against important objections.
Every normal-form game has a Pareto-optimal nonmyopic equilibrium
Authors: Brams Steven J. , Ismail Mehmet S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well known that Nash equilibria may not be Pareto-optimal; worse, a unique Nash equilibrium may be Pareto-dominated, as in Prisoners’ Dilemma. By contrast, we prove a previously conjectured result: every finite normal-form game of complete information and common knowledge has at least one Pareto-optimal nonmyopic equilibrium (NME) in pure strategies, which we define and illustrate. The outcome it gives, which depends on where play starts, may or may not coincide with that given by a Nash equilibrium. We use some simple examples to illustrate properties of NMEs—for instance, that NME outcomes are usually, though not always, maximin—and seem likely to foster cooperation in many games. Other approaches for analyzing farsighted strategic behavior in games are compared with the NME analysis.
Evaluation of two wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) accessions for cadmium tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Yeboah Akwasi , Lu Jiannong , Gu Shuailei , Liu Haiyan , Shi Yuzhen , Amoanimaa-Dede Hanna , Agyenim-Boateng Kwadwo Gyapong , Payne Joseph , Yin Xuegui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to assess the effect of toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on growth, tolerance index (TI), antioxidant activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in two contrasting wild castor accessions (16-024 and S2-4) via hydroponic experiment (0 and 100 mg/L Cd). The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the growth rate, seedling height, root length, and shoot length of the castor accessions compared to the control, with the Cd effect being more severe in S2-4 than in 16-024. In addition, biomass response including the root and shoot fresh weight and root dry weight decreased in both accessions compared to the control. Compared to the control group, the shoot dry weight of accession S2-4 declined by 21.7%, whereas there was no change in 16-024, suggesting a level of tolerance in 16-024. Analysis of TI on all the growth parameters and biomass content revealed that accession 16-024 was highly tolerant to Cd stress than S2-4. The results further revealed that the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant, glutathione, and MDA content, was influenced by genotype. S2-4 exhibited a higher antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT) and lipid peroxidation activity than 16-024, indicative of oxidative damage from Cd stress.
Geochemical characteristics and genetic families of crude oil in DWQ oilfield, Kuqa Depression, NW China
Authors: Ji Hong , Huang Guanghui , Xiao Wenjie , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs one of the most petroliferous oil producing area in Kuqa depression, Dawanqi (DWQ) oilfield is supplying with great attention. In this regard, the geochemical characteristics and oil families from DWQ field were investigated using molecular compounds analysis of GC, GC–MS techniques. The bulk geochemistry of oils from DWQ oilfield displays complicated molecular composition characteristics, including relative higher indices of Pr/Ph (1.4 ~ 4.26, with an average of 2.4), high concentration of light hydrocarbons and certain abundant pentacyclic triterpene and steranes. The C7 light hydrocarbon and isoprenoids ratios indicate the oils were derived from terrestrial and higher plant input in weak oxidizing and reducing environment. Most of the oils are among the mature oils in the study area, except a few samples that are identified as slightly biodegraded by C7 hydrocarbon. Three oil families are identified in DWQ oilfield of Kuqa depression by biomarker analysis and geochemical parameters. The family A shares the attributes with higher amount of tricyclic terpanes, such as C19- C20 tricyclic terpane, higher C24-tercyclic terpane, lower concentration of gammacerane (< 0.6) but poor diasteranes. Family C is characterized with lower content of C19-tricyclic terpane than C20 tricyclic terpane, low C24-tercyclic terpane than C23-tricycli terpane, relative high concentration of gammacerane (> 0.6) but poor diasteranes. The oils of family B are mixed from the two types, showing mixed features of family A and C. The results can shed light for the exploration of the studied area.
Major hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in elderly patients: is it reasonable?
Authors: Ripamonti L. , De Carlis R. , Lauterio A. , Mangoni I. , Frassoni S. , Bagnardi V. , Centonze L. , Poli C. , Buscemi V. , Ferla F. , De Carlis L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
We sought to evaluate the effect of age on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing major liver surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC).

Methods
77 patients were included. Patients were categorized into two groups: the “< 70-year-olds” group (n = 54) and the “≥ 70-year-olds” group (n = 23).

Results
Median LOS was 19 both for < 70-year-old group and ≥ 70-year-old group (P = 0.72). No differences in terms of severe complication were detected (44.4% Clavien–Dindo 3–4–5 in < 70-year-old group vs 47.8% in ≥ 70-year-old group, P = 0.60). Within 90 postoperative days, 11 patients died, 6 in < 70-year-old group (11.3%) and 5 in ≥ 70-year-old group (21.7%), P = 0.29. The median follow‐up was 20 months. The death rate was 72.2% and 78.3% among patients < 70 years old and ≥ 70 years old. The OS at 2 and 5 years was significantly higher among the < 70 years old (57.0% and 27.7%) compared to the ≥ 70 years old (27.1% and 13.6%), P = 0.043. Adjusting for hypertension and Charlson comorbidity index in a multivariate analysis, the HR for age was 1.93 (95% CI 0.84–4.44), P = 0.12. Relapse occurred in 43 (81.1%) patients in the < 70-year-old group and in 19 (82.6%) patients in the ≥ 70-year-old group. DFS at 12, 24, and 36 months was, respectively, 59.6, 34.2, and 23.2 for the < 70 -year-old group and 32.5, 20.3, and 13.5 for the ≥ 70-year-old group (P = 0.26). Adjusting for hypertension and Charlson comorbidity index in a Cox model, the HR for age was 1.52 (95% CI 0.67–3.46), with P = 0.32.

Conclusions
≥ 70-year-old patients with PHCC can still be eligible for major liver resection with acceptable complication rates and should not be precluded a priori from a radical treatment.
Block-based compressed sensing of MR images using multi-rate deep learning approach
Authors: Haq Ejaz Ul , Jianjun Huang , Huarong Xu , Li Kang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) models are highly research-oriented field in image compressive sensing in the recent studies. In compressive sensing theory, a signal is efficiently reconstructed from very small and limited number of measurements. Block-based compressive sensing is most promising and lenient compressive sensing (CS) approach mostly used to process large-sized videos and images: exploit low computational complexity and requires less memory. In block-based compressive sensing, a number of deep models are needed to train with each corresponding to different sampling rate. Compressive sensing performance is highly degraded through allocating low sampling rates to various blocks within same image or video frames. In this work, we proposed multi-rate method using deep neural networks for block-based compressive sensing of magnetic resonance images with performance that greatly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed approach is capable in smart allocation of exclusive sampling rate for each block within image, based on the image information and removing blocking artifacts in reconstructed MRI images. Each image block is separately sampled and reconstructed with different sampling rate and reassembled into a single image based on inter-correlation between blocks, to remove blocking artifacts. The proposed method surpasses the current state-of-the-arts in terms of reconstruction speed, reconstruction error, low computational complexity, and certain evaluation metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), feature similarity (FSIM), and relative l2-norm error (RLNE).
An edge-cloud collaboration architecture for pattern anomaly detection of time series in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gao Cong , Yang Ping , Chen Yanping , Wang Zhongmin , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith large deployment of wireless sensor networks, anomaly detection for sensor data is becoming increasingly important in various fields. As a vital data form of sensor data, time series has three main types of anomaly: point anomaly, pattern anomaly, and sequence anomaly. In production environments, the analysis of pattern anomaly is the most rewarding one. However, the traditional processing model cloud computing is crippled in front of large amount of widely distributed data. This paper presents an edge-cloud collaboration architecture for pattern anomaly detection of time series. A task migration algorithm is developed to alleviate the problem of backlogged detection tasks at edge node. Besides, the detection tasks related to long-term correlation and short-term correlation in time series are allocated to cloud and edge node, respectively. A multi-dimensional feature representation scheme is devised to conduct efficient dimension reduction. Two key components of the feature representation trend identification and feature point extraction are elaborated. Based on the result of feature representation, pattern anomaly detection is performed with an improved kernel density estimation method. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted with synthetic data sets and real-world data sets.
Development of catalytic combustion and CO2 capture and conversion technology
Authors: Yang Zhibin , Lei Ze , Ge Ben , Xiong Xingyu , Jin Yiqian , Jiao Kui , Chen Fanglin , Peng Suping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChanges are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO2 emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation, which is the main source of global CO2 emissions. The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) process, which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells, was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO2 emissions. Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the IGFC for near-zero CO2 emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO2 emissions based on (1) catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks and (2) CO2 conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). In this work, we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack, evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis, and established a multi-scale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs. The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.
Recurrence Score Testing Does not Appear to Benefit Patients With Grade 1, Progesterone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Sibia Udai S. , Sanders Thomas J. , Mylander Charles , Rosman Martin , Tweed Carol , Tafra Lorraine , Jackson Rubie S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
We previously described a risk prediction model (Anne Arundel Medical Center [AAMC] model) based on pathology which may eliminate the need for recurrence score (RS) testing in select early-stage breast cancers. There is a concern that patients in discordant risk prediction groups (AAMC vs. RS) may be overtreated or undertreated if RS testing were omitted.

Methods:
We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for all breast cancer patients between 2004 and 2015. AAMC low-risk was defined as Grade 1 and progesterone receptor-positive (PR +) tumors, while AAMC high-risk was defined as Grade 3 or estrogen-negative tumors. RS low-risk group was defined as RS < 16 and age ≤ 50 years, or RS ≤ 25 and age > 50 years. RS high-risk group was defined as RS > 25.

Results:
A total of 71,212 cases were analyzed. Of these, 590 were AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk discordant, while 5,596 were AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant. For AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk discordant, 10-year breast cancer- specific survival (BCSS) did not differ for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not (93% chemotherapy vs. 99% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .12). Overall survival (OS) was also comparable (92% chemotherapy vs. 91% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .42). In the AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant group, 10-year BCSS (92% chemotherapy vs. 96% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .06) and OS (87% chemotherapy vs. 90% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .52) did not differ between adjuvant chemotherapy and unknown/no chemotherapy groups.

Conclusions:
Adjuvant chemotherapy in the AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk and AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant groups did not improve survival. This supports consideration of omission of RS testing in Grade 1, PR + tumors. Patients with Grade 3 tumors do benefit from RS testing.