bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of cannabis reimbursement by workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. and Canada
Authors: Howard John , Wurzelbacher Steven , Osborne Jamie , Wolf Jennifer , Ruser John , Chadarevian Raji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChanging public attitudes about cannabis consumption have currently led 36 U.S. states and the District of Columbia to approve laws that make cannabis available to consumers with qualifying medical conditions. This article reviews the 36 states and the District of Columbia with medical cannabis access laws to determine if the state or the District also allows reimbursement of the costs of cannabis for a work‐related health condition under that state's or District's workers’ compensation insurance (WCI) laws and administrative regulations. The legal basis for a state allowing or not allowing WCI reimbursement is described. The review found that only six of the 36 states expressly allow cannabis WCI reimbursement, six expressly prohibit it, 14 states do not require reimbursement, and 10 states, and the District of Columbia, are silent on the issue. The article describes the role of the insurer, treating physician, and worker in obtaining WCI reimbursement in the six states that expressly allow cannabis WCI reimbursement. Comparisons are made to how selected Canadian provinces and territories administer cannabis reimbursement under Canada's new national cannabis legalization law. The article discusses the future role of cannabis legalization in the United States and the evolving role of cannabis from an international perspective.
Kontrolle von Genexpression in Säugetierzellen mithilfe von parallel schaltbaren Guide‐RNAs für Cas12a**
Authors: Oesinghaus Lukas , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie räumliche und zeitliche Kontrolle der Aktivität von CRISPR‐assoziierten (Cas‐)Proteinen ist von großem Interesse für Grundlagenforschung und Therapie. Hier zeigen wir, dass schaltbare “Guide‐RNAs” (gRNAs) für Cas12a mithilfe von RNA‐Polymerase II in Säugetierzellen transkribiert werden können. Darauf folgt eine Aktivierung durch Input‐abhängige Prozessierung des 3′‐Endes des gRNA‐Transkripts. Wir demonstrieren diese Prozessierung durch einen RNA‐Strangverdrängungsmechanismus, eine microRNA‐abhängige Verarbeitung sowie via Abspaltung durch ein auf Guanin reagierendes Ribozym. Des Weiteren zeigen wir, dass Cas12a zusammen mit mehreren unabhängig schaltbaren gRNAs kompakt auf einem einzelnen Transkript integriert werden kann, indem stabilisierende RNA‐Triplexe verwendet werden. Dies ebnet einen Weg zu Cas12a‐basierten Konstrukten für die Genregulation mit Multi‐Input‐Schaltfähigkeit. Wir zeigen mithilfe von Lumineszenz und Fluoreszenz, dass dieses Prinzip in HEK‐ und Maus‐Fibroblastenzellen funktioniert und sich auch zur schaltbaren Hochregulierung eines endogenen Gens nutzen lässt.
Sub‐Nanometer Thick Wafer‐Size NiO Films with Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Behavior
Authors: Wang Jiong , Ma Liang , Wang Xiangyi , Wang Xiaohan , Yao Junjie , Yi Qinghua , Tang Rujun , Zou Guifu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdding ferromagnetism into semiconductors attracts much attentions due to its potential usage of magnetic spins in novel devices, such as spin field‐effect transistors. However, it remains challenging to stabilize their ferromagnetism above room temperature. Here we introduce an atomic chemical‐solution strategy to grow wafer‐size NiO thin films with controllable thickness down to sub‐nanometer scale (0.92 nm) for the first time. Surface lattice defects break the magnetic symmetry of NiO and produce surface ferromagnetic behaviors. Our sub‐nanometric NiO thin film exhibits the highest reported room‐temperature ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 157 emu/cc and coercivity of 418 Oe. Attributed to wafer size, the easily‐transferred NiO thin film is further verified in a magnetoresistance device. Our work provides a sub‐nanometric platform to produce wafer‐size ferromagnetic NiO thin films as atomic layer magnetic units in future transparent magnetoelectric devices.
Enantio‐ and Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Spirocycles through Dual‐Metal‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of 2‐Vinyloxiranes with Nucleophilic Dipoles
Authors: Peng Youbin , Huo Xiaohong , Luo Yicong , Wu Liang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient and straightforward methods for obtaining all optically active isomers of structurally rigid spirocycles from readily available starting materials is of great value in drug discovery and chiral ligand development. However, the stereodivergent synthesis of spirocycles bearing multiple stereocenters remains an unsolved challenge owing to steric hindrance and ring strain. Herein, we report an enantio‐ and diastereodivergent synthesis of rigid spirocycles through dual‐metal‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of oxy π‐allyl metallic dipoles with less commonly employed nucleophilic dipoles (imino esters). A series of spiro compounds bearing a pyrroline and an olefin were easily synthesized in an enantio‐ and diastereodivergent manner (up to 19:1 dr, >99 % ee), which showed great promise as a new type of N‐olefin ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also carried out to understand the process of this bimetallic catalysis.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembled DNA Nanosystem for Synergistic Chemical and Gene Regulations on Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Feng , Lv Zhaoyue , Zhang Xue , Dong Yuhang , Ding Xiaohui , Li Zhemian , Li Shuai , Yao Chi , Yang Dayong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncorporating multiple molecular interactions within a system to realize the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is prospected to be of great potential in cancer therapy. Herein, we report a supramolecular self‐assembled DNA nanosystem, which reprogrammed the cellular antioxidant system via synergistic chemical and gene regulations. In the nanosystem, amphipathic telluroether was coordinated with MnII to self‐assemble into micelle, on which a siNrf2 integrated DNA network was assembled. The great electron‐donating capability of telluroether was revealed to greatly promote MnII‐based Fenton‐like reaction to generate subversive .OH in cancer cells. In response to adenosine triphosphoric acid, the siNrf2 was specially released in cytoplasm for down‐regulating expression of detoxification enzymes, which enhanced chemocatalysis‐mediated oxidative stress in cancer cells, thus significantly suppressing tumor progression.
Nuclear organization of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalamus of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee
Authors: Williams Victoria M. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Swiegers Jordan , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Thannickal Thomas C. , Siegel Jerome M. , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmploying orexin‐A immunohistochemical staining we describe the nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee. The clustering of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalamus and the terminal networks follow the patterns generally observed in other mammals, including laboratory rodents, strepsirrhine primates and humans. The orexinergic neurons were found within three distinct clusters in the ape hypothalamus, which include the main cluster, zona incerta cluster and optic tract cluster. In addition, the orexinergic neurons of the optic tract cluster appear to extend to a more rostral and medial location than observed in other species, being observed in the tuberal region in the anterior ventromedial aspect of the hypothalamus. While orexinergic terminal networks were observed throughout the brain, high density terminal networks were observed within the hypothalamus, medial and intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, and within the serotonergic and noradrenergic regions of the midbrain and pons, which is typical for mammals. The expanded distribution of orexinergic neurons into the tuberal region of the ape hypothalamus, is a feature that needs to be investigated in other primate species, but appears to correlate with orexin gene expression in the same region of the human hypothalamus, but these neurons are not revealed with immunohistochemical staining in humans. Thus, it appears that apes have a broader distribution of orexinergic neurons compared to other primate species, but that the neurons within this extension of the optic tract cluster in humans, while expressing the orexin gene, do not produce the neuropeptide.
Rissbreitennachweis und Mindestbewehrung nach EC 2 – aktuelles Modell versus Vorschlag für die Revision
Authors: Tue Nguyen Viet , Fehling Ekkehard , Schlicke Dirk , Krenn Christina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Begrenzung von Rissbreiten auf ein akzeptables Maß und die Ermittlung der erforderlichen Mindestbewehrung sind wichtige Bestandteile der Planung von Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetontragwerken. Erfahrungen mit unterschiedlichen Bauweisen und Tragwerkstypen von Weißen Wannen bis hin zu Spannbetonbrücken zeigen, dass das derzeit verwendete Konzept in Deutschland und Österreich sehr zielführend ist und wesentliche Änderungen nicht notwendig sind. Im Entwurf für die bevorstehende Revision des EC2 wird ein neues Konzept für die Rissbreitenermittlung und Mindestbewehrung vorgestellt, welches im Gegensatz zu dem derzeitigen Konzept in Deutschland und Österreich mehr auf der Auswertung einer Datenbank basiert und weniger die mechanischen Zusammenhänge des Stahl‐ bzw. Spannbetons nach der Rissbildung berücksichtigt. Hierzu werden zahlreiche empirische Faktoren eingeführt, die nicht nur das Verständnis, sondern auch die Anwendung in der Praxis deutlich erschweren. Eine Verbesserung der Aussagegenauigkeit zu den Rissbreiten wird hiermit allerdings nicht erzielt und die Mindestbewehrung wird vor allem für vorgespannte gegliederte Querschnitte und dicke Bauteile deutlich unterschätzt. In diesem Aufsatz wird das vorgeschlagene Konzept für die Revision des EC2 detailliert erläutert. Die darin enthaltenen wesentlichen Schwächen und Widersprüche werden anhand des Vergleichs mit dem derzeitigen Konzept in Deutschland und Österreich sowie detaillierten Betrachtungen mittels 2D‐FEM‐Simulationen mit diskreten Rissen und adäquater Berücksichtigung der Verbundspannungs‐Schlupf‐Beziehung verdeutlicht. Hiermit sollten Grundlagen für eine sachliche Diskussion vor der Einführung des neuen EC2 geschaffen werden.
Quality assurance review: Intra‐operative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Aldoheyan Tamadar , Klein Julianne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative consultation (IOC) of axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy continues to play a role in selected breast cancer patients. The reported sensitivity rates for intraoperative SLN evaluation in breast cancer range from 47% to 80%. We study a center where the majority of SLN IOC is performed by imprint cytology, and a protocol was established to limit microscopic examination to three slides for a reporting TAT goal of 30 min.MethodsApproval to conduct this study was obtained from the REB. A retrospective review was performed on all consecutive SLN cases sent for IOC. Reported IOC assessments of all cases were compared with the final pathology.ResultsOf 164 patients, there were 22 (13%) false negative IOC events, including 15 missed macro‐metastasis and 7 missed micro‐metastasis. The overall sensitivity for touch imprint in detecting SLNs macro‐metastasis was 70.9%. Reporting total turnaround time was on average 3 min longer, whereas sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different in the two protocol periods.ConclusionImplementation of an IOC policy for a maximum of three slides for imprint cytology did not result in a significant impact on the sensitivity, specificity, or total turnaround time for SLN in breast cancer patients. False negative IOC events were mainly due to sampling error. Quality review was made difficult by limited documentation related to the gross handling of the specimens at IOC. System factors identified include insufficient space for the IOC report on the pathology requisition, and the lack of clearly communicated expectations for documentation.
Initial in‐human experience with the conveyor cardiovascular system for the delivery of large profile transcatheter valve devices
Authors: O'Neill Brian P. , Wang Dee Dee , Caranasos Thomas G. , Chitwood W. Randolph , O'Neill William W. , Stack Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the safety and efficacy of the conveyor cardiovascular system (CCS) to facilitate the delivery of large profile transcatheter valve devices.BackgroundTranscatheter valve devices rely on force provided by the operator to be delivered to their intended position. This delivery may be challenging in a variety of anatomic scenarios. The ability to provide steering from the tip of the device by forming an arterial venous loop may help overcome these challenges.MethodsBetween May, 2019 and October, 2020, five patients were recruited for delivery of transcatheter valve devices with the CCS. These patients were deemed by the operators to have challenging anatomy which could make conventional valve delivery difficult or impossible. These patients were recruited as part of an FDA approved early feasibility study or through an institutional review board approved compassionate use protocol.ResultsThree patients underwent transcatheter mitral valve replacement with a SAPIEN‐3 valve. One patient each underwent transcatheter aortic valve (TAVR) implantation with a SAPIEN 3 and 1 patient underwent TAVR implantation with a Lotus valve. All patients underwent successful implantation of the valve and removal of the CCS and valve delivery systems. There was no more than trivial mitral regurgitation post procedure in any patient and there was no more than trivial paravavular leak. There were no major in‐hospital complications.ConclusionsThe CCS facilitates the delivery of large profile transcatheter valve devices in challenging anatomic scenarios. Further studies are needed with additional valve technologies.
Partial Hydrolysis of Cyanide Coordination Polymers Induced by a Pillar Ligand with Optimized Electrochemical Kinetics for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Feng Jie , Zhao Hongyang , Ali Wajid , Yin Dandan , Li Xinyang , Khan Nawab Ali , Ding Shujiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoordination polymers are promising cathode materials for rechargeable alkaline batteries. Therefore, the precise modulation of these cathodes by chemical structure and in‐depth structure transform study is necessary. Here, two model coordination polymer battery cathodes were designed to demonstrate the dynamic structure–performance relationship. We studied the electrochemical performance of two kinds of nickel‐based coordination polymer, comprising a planar 2D cyanide‐bridged network and a 3D cyanide‐bridged network pillared by pyrazine molecules. The 2D coordination polymer showed serious voltage degradation with poor rate capability, whereas the 3D coordination polymer exhibited stable voltage output coupled with high rate at various current densities. The investigation revealed the underlining relationship of plateau voltage degradation and hydrolysis process of electrodes. It was revealed that the pyrazine pillar molecules in the 3D coordination polymer could suppress the hydrolysis and lead to the in situ formation of partially hydrolyzed structure with excellent electrochemical kinetics; this exhibited obvious smaller peak separation (27 mV compared with 149 mV) and hence an almost twofold increase in capacity retention (31.9 to 50.0 %) and energy density retention (18.2 to 35.9 %) at 10 A g−1.
Targeting radiation‐induced upstream stimulatory factor‐1 by histone deacetylase inhibitors to reverse radioresistance in prostate cancer
Authors: Gupta Seema , Ahmed Mansoor M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIonizing radiation (IR) is a standard modality for the management of solid tumors. Apart from its killing effects, IR can induce pro‐survival factors leading to radioresistance of cancer. Mechanistic understanding of radiation resistance is warranted to overcome the pro‐survival effects of IR.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of upstream stimulatory factor‐1 (USF‐1) in the induction of radioresistance in prostate cancer and its targeting by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to reverse resistance.Methods and resultsThis study reports here that USF‐1 is a marker for radioresistance in PC‐3 cells. Using protein‐DNA array analysis, it was documented that DNA binding activity of USF‐1 was elevated following IR in PC‐3 cells. Novel HDAC inhibitors downregulated USF‐1 binding either alone or in combination with IR. A 5 Gy dose of IR induced the expression of target genes of USF‐1 (human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT], IGF2R, CyclinB1, and Cdk1), however, HDAC inhibitors alone or in combination with IR reduced their expression as measured by real time RT PCR analysis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that while USF‐1 localized primarily in the nucleus following IR, it localized in the cytoplasm when treated with HDAC inhibitors/combination. Maximum effects of modulation of USF‐1 expression (overexpression or suppression) were observed on hTERT activity as determined by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. To further confirm the role of USF‐1 in radioresistance, cell growth was analyzed using the real‐time cell electronic sensing (RT‐CES) system. This study found that USF‐1‐transfected cells proliferated faster than the vector‐transfected cells with or without treatments with HDAC inhibitors/IR/combination. Colony forming assay also confirmed that USF‐1 overexpression led to increased survival following IR. Importantly, colony‐forming assay demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors reversed the radioresistance in both PC‐3 and DU‐145 cells.ConclusionThese studies demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors reverse the radioresistance in prostate cancer through down‐modulation of USF‐1‐mediated transactivation of target genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle.
Thermal Excitation Polarized Field Drives Photoelectric Catalysis for Dye Degradation in a BaTiO3/CdS Heterojunction through Integration of Solar and Thermal Energy
Authors: Qiao Zhenxiang , Liu Zhifeng , Ruan Mengnan , Guo Zhengang , Yan Weiguo , Wu Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficient charges separation and transfer are considered to be the key factors to achieve high efficiency photoelectric catalysis. Herein, we proposed that the internal potential difference and the macroscopic polarization field of the homotype BaTiO3/CdS pyroelectric heterojunction can adjust the photoelectric catalytic performance to achieve degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. Under 20–50 °C hot–cold cycles, light and external bias, the catalytic rate of BaTiO3/CdS for MB is 4.82×10−2 min−1, which is 1.29 times and 1.36 times higher than photoelectric catalytic rates of BaTiO3/CdS (3.74×10−2 min−1) and BaTiO3 (2.15×10−2 min−1) alone, respectively. In addition, the catalytic rate of BaTiO3/CdS for RhB is 3.07×10−2 min−1, which is 1.41 times and 1.28 times higher than photoelectric catalytic rates of BaTiO3/CdS (2.18×10−2 min−1) and BaTiO3 (1.45×10−2 min−1) alone, respectively. The improvement of catalytic efficiency is due to the generation of pyrogenerated and photogenerated carriers, and the macroscopic polarization field and the potential difference at the BaTiO3/CdS heterojunction interface can enhance the separation and transfer of charge. This study confirms that the homotype heterojunction based on the pyroelectric effect can use solar/thermal energy to achieve efficient photoelectric catalysis. This provides a reference for the design and development of new and efficient electrodes in the field of photoelectric catalysis.
Cytological detection of metastatic chordoma cells in pleural effusions: A case report
Authors: Tamba‐Sakaguchi Mio , Oshiro Hisashi , Mato Naoko , Kikkawa Ichiro , Endo Teruaki , Yanagita Miki , Suzuki Tomoko , Akimoto Maho , Okabe Naota , Hiruta Masahiro , Ikeda Eriko , Fukushima Noriyoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCytological detection of chordoma cells in the serosal cavity is challenging because of its rare presentation. Herein, we report a case of chordoma showing malignant pleural effusion accompanied by pleuropulmonary metastases in a 68‐year‐old woman. Cytological analysis was performed using pleural fluid obtained following thoracentesis. Conventional cytological staining demonstrated few clusters of large, atypical cells characterized by epithelial cell‐like connectivity and rich cytoplasm with foamy and/or multivacuolar changes. The nuclei of these atypical cells were large and either round or oval with no conspicuous irregularities in the nuclear membrane. Periodic acid‐Schiff staining of these atypical cells revealed fine granules in the cytoplasm. Giemsa staining showed foamy and/or multivacuolar cytoplasm in these cells, with metachromatic mucoid stroma in the surroundings. Immunocytochemistry analysis using cellblock showed these cells to be positive for broad cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, vimentin, and Brachyury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in which chordoma cells were cytologically detected in pleural effusions. Our findings also suggest that conventional cytology combined with cellblock immunocytochemistry can increase the accuracy of chordoma cell detection in the serosal cavity.
Room‐Temperature Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Flower‐Like α‐MnO2 Microspheres for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Chai Hui , Liu Anjie , Jia Wei , Cao Yali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConstructing manganese oxide nanoparticles with different crystal structures and morphologies is crucial for the development of improved supercapacitors. Here, zero‐dimensional (0D) α‐MnO2 and δ‐MnO2 nanoparticles were first synthesized by an ultra‐simple solvent‐free synthetic strategy. The α‐MnO2 nanoparticles exhibited better performance for supercapacitors than δ‐MnO2 nanoparticles due to a higher specific surface area and accelerated electrical charge transfer. Two‐dimensional (2D) α‐MnO2 nanosheets and three‐dimensional (3D) flower‐like α‐MnO2 microspheres were also fabricated by the inclusion of surfactants to investigate the effects of morphology on electrochemical storage capacity with the assistance of different surfactants. Notably, 3D α‐MnO2 microspheres exhibited enhanced electrochemical properties than 0D α‐MnO2 nanoparticles and 2D α‐MnO2 nanosheets for supercapacitors, and generated a favorable specific capacitance of 212.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, primarily originating from high porosity, which allows the full infiltration of electrolytes and the rapid shuttling of ions. This work thus describes a simple strategy for the synthesis of 2D nanosheets and 3D self‐assembled nanostructures of MnO2 for application in supercapacitor development.