bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental experiences of short term supported use of a do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitor (DIYrtCGM): A qualitative study
Authors: Crocket Hamish , Elbashy Mona M. , Kavanagh Tom , Styles Sara , Galland Barbara , Haszard Jillian J. , Wiltshire Esko , Jefferies Craig , de Bock Martin I. , Tomlinson Paul , Jones Shirley , Wheeler Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the experiences of parents caring for young children with type 1 diabetes type 1 diabetes using a do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitor (DIYrtCGM) in a supported setting.MethodsExit interviews were conducted with parents from 11 families at the end of the MiaoMiao study: a randomised cross‐over trial focusing on parental fear of hypoglycaemia. Technical support was provided to participants while using DIYrtCGM during the trial. A convenience sampling approach was used to recruit parents. An in‐depth, semi‐structured interview approach was used. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and subthemes.ResultsParents identified that remote monitoring enabled proactive management and that overall alarms/glucose alerts were useful. Some parents reported reductions in anxiety, increased independence for their child, and improvements in the child–parent relationship. However, parents also reported regular signal loss with DIYrtCGM, along with complicated apps and challenges troubleshooting technical problems. Despite this, nine of the 11 families continued to use the system after the end of the trial.ConclusionsDo‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was on balance beneficial for the parents interviewed. However, while access to CGM shifted the burden of care experienced by parents, burden did not significantly reduce for all parents, as the improved glycaemic control that they achieved was accompanied with the responsibility for continually monitoring their child’s data. Supported use of do‐it‐yourself CGM may be an achievable, cost‐effective option for parents caring for children with type 1 diabetes in countries without funded access to CGM.
How to refocus attention on working memory representations following interruptions—Evidence from frontal theta and posterior alpha oscillations
Authors: Zickerick Bianca , Rösner Marlene , Sabo Melinda , Schneider Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterruptions lead to a deterioration of primary task performance. Applied research usually describes a delay in primary task resumption as an essential component of this performance deficit. Here, we investigate this approach using electrophysiological correlates of the focusing of attention within working memory, a process that is fundamental to switching between different tasks. A lateralized working memory task was frequently interrupted by either a high‐ or low‐demanding arithmetic task and a subsequent retrospective cue indicated the working memory item required for later report. The detrimental effect of interruptions on primary task performance was most pronounced for high‐demanding interruptions. After retro‐cue presentation, fronto‐central theta power (4–7 Hz) was lowest following high‐demanding interruptions and posterior alpha power (8–14 Hz) was less suppressed in the two interruption conditions. These effects might be related to a deficit in attentional control processes following the retrospective cue. Furthermore, we introduce the suppression of posterior alpha power contralateral to the remembered primary task stimuli during the interruption phase as a temporal marker for primary task resumption. Especially for cognitively demanding interruption tasks, this effect seems to overlap in time with the processing of the interruption, which should contribute to the primary task performance deficit.
Relapsing–remitting and secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis patients differ in decoding others' emotions by their eyes
Authors: Argento Ornella , Spanò Barbara , Serra Laura , Incerti Chiara Concetta , Bozzali Marco , Caltagirone Carlo , Francia Ada , Fratino Mariangela , Nocentini Ugo , Piacentini Chiara , Quartuccio Maria Esmeralda , Pisani Valerio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDifficulties in emotion processing and social cognition identified in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a potential impact on their adaptation to the social environment. We aimed to explore the neural correlates of emotion recognition in MS and possible differences between relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMEt).MethodsA total of 43 MS patients (27 RRMS, 16 SPMS) and 25 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessments, RMEt, and a high‐resolution T1‐weighted 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The number of correct answers on the RMEt was compared between groups. T1‐weighted volumes were processed according to an optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) protocol to obtain gray matter (GM) maps. Voxelwise analyses were run to assess potential associations between RMEt performance and regional GM volumes.ResultsTaken altogether, MS patients reported significantly lower performance on the RMEt compared to HC. When dividing the patients into those with RRMS and those with SPMS, only the latter group was found to perform significantly worse than HC on the RMEt. VBM analysis revealed significant association between RMEt scores and GM volumes in several cortical (temporoparieto‐occipital cortex) and subcortical (hippocampus, parahippocampus, and basal ganglia) brain regions, and in the cerebellum in SPMS patients only.ConclusionsResults suggest that, in addition to other clinical differences between RRMS and SPMS, the ability to recognize others' emotional states may be affected in SPMS more significantly than RRMS patients. This is supported by both behavioral and MRI data.
Effects of group behavior in the predatory raid on damselfish nests by the false cleanerfishAspidontus taeniatus
Authors: Sato Hajime , Sakai Yoichi , Kuwamura Tetsuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe false cleanerfishAspidontus taeniatus, which resembles the bluestreak cleaner wrasseLabroides dimidiatus, is one of the best‐known examples of mimicry in vertebrates. This mimicry system has been viewed as an aggressive mimicry to bite fish fins. However, recent field studies have reported that large individuals of the false cleanerfish often form groups and jointly raid damselfish nests to eat eggs that are guarded by their parents. The benefits of group behavior have been reported in a variety of animals. In the case of false cleanerfish, parental defense of territorial damselfishes is the main factor that constrains the availability of nutritionally valuable food resources. Here, we conducted field observations on the reefs of Okinawa, and found that the false cleanerfish formed groups of 2–12 individuals when they raided breeding nests of 13 species of damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and one species of triggerfish (Balistidae). Since the cleaner wrasse does not form such groups, the feeding groups of the false cleanerfish are assumed to reduce the effectiveness of mimicry. However, our results showed that the group behavior has two effects: a dilution effect, which reduces the risk of being attacked by egg‐guarding fish, and an increase in foraging efficiency. We conclude that the false cleanerfish need to form foraging groups during egg‐eating because the mimicry has no effect on parental damselfishes.
Internet of things and machine learning‐based approaches in the urban solid waste management: Trends, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Joshi Lalit Mohan , Bharti Rajendra Kumar , Singh Rajesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolid waste management (SWM) is a crucial management entity in urban cities to handle the waste from its generation to disposal to accomplish a clean environment. The waste management operation mainly encompasses various climatic, demographic, environmental, legislative, technological, and socioeconomic dimensions. The traditional approaches deliver limitations in the process of predict and optimizing such composite non‐linear operations. The integration of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods have progressively gained attention by delivering potential alternatives for resolving the difficulties in SWM. This article presents a review of the significance of the amalgamation of IoT and machine learning (ML) in the SWM to predict waste generation, waste classification, route optimization, estimation of methane emissions, and so forth. The article covers the application of each ML model for the activities, including SWM, compositing, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, landfill, and anaerobic digestion. Moreover, it is concluded that the decision tree and random forest (DT‐RF) algorithm is minor implemented, and artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented majorly in the SWM. The large number of data sets covered in the publication are secured and hidden; it limits replicating the AI models; this is also one key constraint of the non‐implementation of AI models in SWM. Scarcity of data, accurate data, rare availability of customized AI models for tackling the activities in SWM are the limitations identified from the previous studies. Implementation of low‐power ML processors, edge and fog computing‐based devices is the future direction for overcoming SWM limitations.
Poor oral health and anorexia in older rehabilitation patients
Authors: Nomoto Akiko , Shimizu Akio , Ohno Tomohisa , Tohara Haruka , Hashidume Momoyo , Hatano Machiko , Fujishima Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between anorexia and comprehensive oral health status in older inpatients.BackgroundAnorexia in older inpatients is a major concern, but whether it is associated with oral problems is currently unclear.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 160 participants (42.5% men) aged ≥65 years (mean age 78.6 ± 7.9) who had been admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. A score of ≤14 on the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire for Japanese Elderly indicated anorexia. A score of ≥3 on the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) indicated poor oral health. Malnutrition was diagnosed according to the criteria set out by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between poor oral health and anorexia and, additionally, which subcategory of the OHAT (represented by a score ≥1) was associated with anorexia.ResultsAnorexia and poor oral health status were observed in 86 (53.8%) and 85 (53.1%), respectively. Poor oral health was associated with anorexia after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–5.9). Additionally, poor status of dentures (AOR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2–5.7) and poor oral cleanliness (AOR 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4–6.4) were independently associated with anorexia.ConclusionsPoor oral health was associated with anorexia in older inpatients. Detection of poor oral health status using a comprehensive oral health assessment may be useful for anorexic patients. Early detection for poor oral health using comprehensive oral health assessments and oral care and prosthetic treatment may be useful for anorexic patients.
Poor protective potential of influenza nucleoprotein antibodies despite wide prevalence
Authors: Vanderven Hillary A , Esterbauer Robyn , Jegaskanda Sinthujan , Tan Hyon‐Xhi , Wheatley Adam K , Kent Stephen J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHumans are exposed to influenza virus through periodic infections. Due to these repeated exposures, human populations commonly have elevated antibody titers targeting the conserved internal influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP). Despite the presence of anti‐NP antibodies, humans are acutely susceptible to drifted influenza viruses with antigenically different surface proteins and the protective potential of human NP antibodies is unclear. In this study, high levels of anti‐NP antibody and NP‐specific B cells were detected in both adult humans and influenza‐infected mice, confirming that NP is a major target of humoral immunity. Through sorting single B cells from influenza‐exposed human adults, we generated a panel of 11 anti‐NP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The majority of anti‐NP human mAbs generated were capable of engaging cellular Fc receptors and bound NP on the surface of influenza‐infected cell lines in vitro, suggesting that anti‐NP mAbs have the potential to mediate downstream Fc effector functions such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody‐dependent phagocytosis. However, human anti‐NP mAbs were not protective in vivo when passively transferred into a murine influenza challenge model. Future in vivo studies examining the synergistic effect of anti‐NP mAbs infused with other influenza‐specific mAbs are warranted.
A thermodynamic model for feldspars in KAlSi3O8−NaAlSi3O8−CaAl2Si2O8 for mineral equilibrium calculations
Authors: Holland Tim J. B , Green Eleanor C. R , Powell Roger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActivity–composition (a‐x) relations for feldspars for petrological calculations in KAlSi3O8−NaAlSi3O8−CaAl2Si2O8 are calibrated using literature data for (i) plagioclase cation exchange experiments at 600 and 700°C, (ii) experimental ternary feldspar pairs at 880 − 900°C, (iii) the alkali feldspar solvus, and (iv) the dry melting loop for plagioclase. The results are tested against the calorimetric heat of solution data and the experimental pressures for plagioclase coexisting with grossular, wollastonite, and quartz. As the aim is to produce a‐x relations suitable for petrological modelling, we do not attempt to model complex structural phenomena in feldspar, except where they appear to contribute significantly to the energetics of high‐temperature mixing. Seven models were investigated, using various formulations of entropy of mixing together with the van Laar model for non‐ideal mixing. The model (4TR) that most satisfactorily reproduces the experimental data is one in which Al and Si partially order onto the four tetrahedral sites, approximated by reducing the tetrahedral site entropy of mixing by a factor of 4. When combined with an ordered albite, this model allows a peristerite gap closing at 600°C at the albite composition. The resulting activity‐composition relations for feldspar should be applicable in petrological phase equilibrium calculations over a large range of geologically relevant pressure and temperature.
Leukocyte and cytokine variables in asymptomatic Pugs at genetic risk of necrotizing meningoencephalitis
Authors: Windsor Rebecca , Stewart Samuel D. , Talboom Joshua , Lewis Candace , Naymik Marcus , Piras Ignazio S. , Keller Stefan , Borjesson Dori L. , Clark Gary , Khanna Chand , Huentelman Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME, aka Pug dog encephalitis) is an inflammatory brain condition associated with advanced disease at initial presentation, rapid progression, and poor response to conventional immunomodulatory therapy.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat genetic risk for NME, defined by a common germline DNA haplotype located on chromosome 12, is associated with altered blood cytokine concentrations and leukocyte subsets in asymptomatic Pugs.AnimalsForty Pug dogs asymptomatic for NME from a hospital sample.MethodsProspective observational cohort study, including germline genome‐wide genotyping, plasma cytokine determination by multiplexed profiling, and leukocyte subset characterization by flow cytometric analysis.ResultsSeven (18%) dogs were high risk, 10 (25%) medium risk, and 23 (58%) low risk for NME, giving a risk haplotype frequency of 30%. High and medium risk Pugs had significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T cells (median 22% [range, 7.3%‐38%] vs 29% [range, 16%‐41%], P = .03) and higher plasma IL‐10 concentrations than low‐risk Pugs (median 14.11 pg/mL [range, 9.66‐344.19 pg/mL] vs 12.21 pg/mL [range, 2.59‐18.53 pg/mL], P = .001). No other variables were significantly associated with the NME haplotype‐based risk.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese data suggest an immunological underpinning to NME and a biologic rationale for future clinical trials that investigate novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Phenolic-rich extracts from acerola, cashew apple and mango by-products cause diverse inhibitory effects and cell damages on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: da Costa Lima M. , Magnani M. , dos Santos Lima M. , de Sousa C.P. , Dubreuil J.D. , de Souza E.L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of phenolic-rich extracts from acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C., PEA), cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L., PEC) and mango (Mangifera indica L., PEM) by-products on distinct enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. The capability of PEA and PEC of impairing various physiological functions of ETEC strains was investigated with multiparametric flow cytometry. Procyanidin B2, myricetin and p-coumaric acid were the major phenolic compounds in PEA, PEC and PEM, respectively. PEA and PEC had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (MIC: 31·25 mg ml−1; MBC: 62·5 mg ml−1) on ETEC strains than PEM (MIC and MIC: &gt;1000 mg ml−1). PEA and PEC (15·6, 31·2, 62·5 mg ml−1) caused viable count reductions (P &lt; 0·05) on ETEC strains after 24 h of exposure, notably the ≥3 log reductions caused by 62·5 mg ml−1. The 24 h exposure of ETEC strains to PEA and PEC (31·2, 62·5 mg ml−1) led to high sizes of cell subpopulations with concomitant impairments in cell membrane polarization and permeability, as well as in enzymatic, respiratory and efflux activities. PEA and PEC are effective in inhibiting ETEC through a multi-target action mode with disturbance in different physiological functions.
Antimicrobial effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a single agent and in combination with commonly nebulized antibiotics
Authors: Haines R.R. , Putsathit P. , Tai A.S. , Hammer K.A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Broth microdilution assays were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of tea tree oil (TTO), tobramycin, colistin and aztreonam (ATM) against clinical cystic fibrosis-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CFPA) isolates (n = 20). The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and fractional biofilm eradication concentration index (FBECI) were also determined using a similar microbroth dilution checkerboard assay, with biofilms formed using the MBEC device®. TTO was effective at lower concentrations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) CFPA isolates (n = 3) in a biofilm compared to in a planktonic state (MBEC 18·7-fold lower than MIC). CFPA within biofilm was less susceptible to ATM, colistin and tobramycin compared to planktonic cells (MBEC 6·3-fold, 9·3-fold, and 2·1-fold higher than MIC respectively). All combinations of essential oil and antibiotic showed indifferent relationships (FICI 0·52–1·72) when tested against planktonic MDR CFPA isolates (n = 5). Against CFPA isolates (n = 3) in biofilm, combinations of TTO/aztreonam and TTO/colistin showed indifferent relationships (mean FBECI 0·85 and 0·60 respectively), whereas TTO/tobramycin showed a synergistic relationship (mean FBECI 0·42). The antibiofilm properties of TTO and the synergistic relationship seen between TTO and tobramycin against CFPA in vitro make inhaled TTO a promising candidate as a potential therapeutic agent.
Examining the Role of Domain‐General Skills in Mathematics Learning and Intervention Response in Kindergarten
Authors: Shanley Lina , Clarke Ben , Smolkowski Keith , Doabler Christian T. , Kurtz‐Nelson Evangeline C. , Fien Hank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective early mathematics instruction is critical to support long‐term mathematics achievement. Given that student response to typical instruction varies, a range of mathematics interventions have been developed to support foundational mathematics development. However, not all students respond to these interventions. To better understand factors associated with intervention response, the current study explored how domain general cognitive skills were associated with intervention response for 621 kindergarten students with or at risk for mathematics difficulties. Results indicated that although domain general skills were associated with mathematics achievement, there was no evidence of differential response to intervention based on cognitive skills. When examining differences while holding initial mathematics skill constant, there was a non‐significant, but potentially important pattern of students with higher domain general skills demonstrating greater mathematics gains as a result of intervention participation. Implications for mathematics intervention and curriculum development, including potentially impactful instructional approaches and cognitive scaffolds are discussed.
Moderation effect of economic status in the association between early life famine exposure and MAFLD in adulthood
Authors: Wang Yuying , Zhang Wen , Xia Fangzhen , Wan Heng , Chen Chi , Chen Yi , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in China resulted in high prevalence of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the moderation of economic status in the association between early famine exposure and metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adulthood.Methods10 190 participants in the SPECT‐China study enrolled from 2014 to 2016 were included in this study. Participants with fetal famine exposure (birth year 1959‐1962) or early‐childhood famine exposure (birth year 1955‐1958) formed the exposure group. The associations with MAFLD were assessed via regression analyses.ResultsIn men, economic status could not moderate the association between early life famine and MAFLD after adjusting for age, excess alcohol drinking, current smokers, famine severity, waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (P for interaction = .52). However, in women and in the total population, economic status could moderate the association between early life famine and MAFLD after adjusting for the above confounders (P for interaction = .01). In the total population and in women, early life famine exposure was associated with MAFLD in both low economic status and high economic status. However, in men, early life famine exposure was not associated with MAFLD in low economic status, while in high economic status, early‐childhood famine exposure was associated with MAFLD.ConclusionsEconomic status could moderate the association between early life famine exposure and MAFLD in total population and in women.