bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective cross-sectional survey on nosocomial bacterial infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in hospitalized patients in northwest of Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Hamid , Khoei Saeideh Gholamzadeh , Bakht Mehdi , Rostamani Mohammad , Rahimi Sara , Ghaemi Mehdi , Mirzaei Bahman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
Nosocomial infections (NIs) are known as one of the remarkable problems in all countries. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of nosocomial bacterial agents with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in hospitalized patients. This study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2018, on 4029 hospitalized patients. We set out to recognize the commonest bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial infection.

Results
Of the 4029 patients, 509 (12.6%) of them were culture positive. Of these Escherichia coli (E. coli) (98.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (37.5%) were the most abundant bacterial identified in the urinary tract and bloodstream cultures respectively, Moreover, Acinetobacter spp. (100%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%) were the most abundant organisms detected in the respiratory system. According to susceptibility testing results, 370 (80.5%) and 264 (57.3%) in Gram-negatives and 44 (91.7%) and 35 (72.9%) in gram positives isolated strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) strain respectively. On account of the high prevalence of MDR and XDR bacterial species, there is a pressing need for the expansion of new strategies on antibiotic supervision and infection control to introduce new guideline on empirical antibiotic therapy.
Continuation of an eating disorders day programme during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Plumley Sarah , Kristensen Anna , Jenkins Paul E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current paper describes an adaptation of a daypatient programme for adults with anorexia nervosa in the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent government guidelines. The paper details how the programme, which is normally delivered face-to-face, became a ‘virtual’ clinic, providing support to a group of patients via the Internet and conducting its core activities almost exclusively via videoconferencing. Anxiety around the pandemic influenced patients’ feelings about recovery, and there were concerns about the programme moving online, which necessitated careful management. It has been possible to continue an intensive level of care given wider organisational backing and the support of the patients involved. Some of the patients’ reflections on the experience are included in the article. As well as the adaptations, the article also discusses some of the challenges and opportunities encountered, in the hope of guiding similar services.
Overview of lithium's use: a nationwide survey
Authors: Pérez de Mendiola Xabier , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Vieta Eduard , González-Pinto Ana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Lithium is considered the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Current clinical guidelines and scientific evidence support its use as a first-line treatment in BD. However, over the last two decades, there has been a downward tendency in lithium's use in several developed countries. Based on a nationwide survey, this study's objective is to analyze in a large sample of psychiatrists relevant issues of the use of lithium salts in BD.

Methods
Data were collected through an anonymous survey sent by email among 500 psychiatrists who belong to a National Society of Psychiatry (Spanish Society of Biological Psychiatry). The survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 21 items on the most key aspects of lithium's use (indication, dosage, monitoring, and information for patients).

Results
212 psychiatrists completed the survey. 70% of psychiatrists prescribe lithium to more than 50% of patients diagnosed with BD. Adverse effects are the main reason not to use lithium salts. Over 75% of the participants consider lithium salts the treatment of choice for the maintenance phase of BD, both in women and men. Most of the participants (> 50%) start lithium after the first affective episode, use conservative plasma concentrations (0.6–0.8 mmol/L), and generally prescribe it twice a day. 57% of psychiatrists who treat patients under 18 do not use lithium in this population. About 70% of the survey respondents use official protocols to inform and monitor patients on lithium treatment.

Conclusions
From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of lithium in Spain is in line with the recommendations of the main international clinical guidelines and current scientific literature. The first reason not to prescribe lithium in our country is the perception of its adverse effects and not the aspects related to its practical use or its effectiveness. Considering that BD is a chronic disease with a typical onset in adolescence, the low rate of prescription of lithium salts in patients under 18 must be thoroughly studied.
Assessing the measurement invariance of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires across people living with HIV/AIDS and healthy people
Authors: Bagheri Zahra , Noorshargh Pegah , Shahsavar Zahra , Jafari Peyman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Recently, extensive research has been reported the higher rate of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) as compared to the general population. However, no single study has been carried out to investigate whether this disparity is a real difference or it happens due to lack of measurement invariance. This study aims to assess the measurement invariance of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) questionnaires across PLWHAs and healthy individuals.

Methods
One hundred and fifty PLWHAs and 500 healthy individuals filled out the Persian version of the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires. Multi-group multiple-indicators multiple-causes model (MG-MIMIC) was used to assess measurement invariance across PLWHAs and healthy people.

Results
Our findings revealed that PLWHAs and healthy individuals perceived the meaning of all the items in the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires similarly. In addition, although depression scores were significantly higher in PLWHAs as opposed to the healthy individuals, no significant difference was observed in anxiety scores of these two groups.

Conclusions
The current study suggests that the BAI and CESD-10 are invariant measures across PLWHAs and healthy people which can be used for meaningful cross-group comparison. Therefore, in comparison to healthy individuals, higher depression score of PLWHAs is a real difference. It is highly recommended that health professionals develop therapeutic interventions and psychological supports to promote the mental health of PLWHAs which alleviate their depressive symptoms.
Systemic delivery of a specific antibody targeting the pathological N-terminal truncated tau peptide reduces retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Latina Valentina , Giacovazzo Giacomo , Cordella Federica , Balzamino Bijorn Omar , Micera Alessandra , Varano Monica , Marchetti Cristina , Malerba Francesca , Florio Rita , Ercole Bruno Bruni , La Regina Federico , Atlante Anna , Coccurello Roberto , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Calissano Pietro , Amadoro Giuseppina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRetina and optic nerve are sites of extra-cerebral manifestations of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein are detected in eyes from AD patients and transgenic animals in correlation with inflammation, reduction of synapses, visual deficits, loss of retinal cells and nerve fiber. However, neither the pathological relevance of other post-translational tau modifications—such as truncation with generation of toxic fragments—nor the potential neuroprotective action induced by their in vivo clearance have been investigated in the context of AD retinal degeneration. We have recently developed a monoclonal tau antibody (12A12mAb) which selectively targets the neurotoxic 20–22 kDa NH2-derived peptide generated from pathological truncation at the N-terminal domain of tau without cross-reacting with its full-length normal protein. Previous studies have shown that 12A12mAb, when intravenously (i.v.)-injected into 6-month-old Tg2576 animals, markedly improves their AD-like, behavioural and neuropathological syndrome. By taking advantage of this well-established tau-directed immunization regimen, we found that 12A12mAb administration also exerts a beneficial action on biochemical, morphological and metabolic parameters (i.e. APP/Aβ processing, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic proteins, microtubule stability, mitochondria-based energy production, neuronal death) associated with ocular injury in the AD phenotype. These findings prospect translational implications in the AD field by: (1) showing for the first time that cleavage of tau takes part in several pathological changes occurring in vivo in affected retinas and vitreous bodies and that its deleterious effects are successfully antagonized by administration of the specific 12A12mAb; (2) shedding further insights on the tight connections between neurosensory retina and brain, in particular following tau-based immunotherapy. In our view, the parallel response we detected in this preclinical animal model, both in the eye and in the hippocampus, following i.v. 12A12mAb injection opens novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for the clinical management of cerebral and extracerebral AD signs in human beings.
Radiomic nomogram based on MRI to predict grade of branching type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: a multicenter study
Authors: Cui Sijia , Tang Tianyu , Su Qiuming , Wang Yajie , Shu Zhenyu , Yang Wei , Gong Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Accurate diagnosis of high-grade branching type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) is challenging in clinical setting. We aimed to construct and validate a nomogram combining clinical characteristics and radiomic features for the preoperative prediction of low and high-grade in BD-IPMNs.

Methods
Two hundred and two patients from three medical centers were enrolled. The high-grade BD-IPMN group comprised patients with high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma in BD-IPMN (n = 50). The training cohort comprised patients from the first medical center (n = 103), and the external independent validation cohorts comprised patients from the second and third medical centers (n = 48 and 51). Within 3 months prior to surgery, all patients were subjected to magnetic resonance examination. The volume of interest was delineated on T1-weighted (T1-w) imaging, T2-weighted (T2-w) imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CET1-w) imaging, respectively, on each tumor slice. Quantitative image features were extracted using MITK software (G.E.). The Mann-Whitney U test or independent-sample t-test, and LASSO regression, were applied for data dimension reduction, after which a radiomic signature was constructed for grade assessment. Based on the training cohort, we developed a combined nomogram model incorporating clinical variables and the radiomic signature. Decision curve analysis (DCA), a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), a calibration curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the utility of the constructed model based on the external independent validation cohorts.

Results
To predict tumor grade, we developed a nine-feature-combined radiomic signature. For the radiomic signature, the AUC values of high-grade disease were 0.836 in the training cohort, 0.811 in external validation cohort 1, and 0.822 in external validation cohort 2. The CA19–9 level and main pancreatic duct size were identified as independent parameters of high-grade of BD-IPMNs using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The CA19–9 level and main pancreatic duct size were then used to construct the radiomic nomogram. Using the radiomic nomogram, the high-grade disease-associated AUC values were 0.903 (training cohort), 0.884 (external validation cohort 1), and 0.876 (external validation cohort 2). The clinical utility of the developed nomogram was verified using the calibration curve and DCA.

Conclusions
The developed radiomic nomogram model could effectively distinguish high-grade patients with BD-IPMNs preoperatively. This preoperative identification might improve treatment methods and promote personalized therapy in patients with BD-IPMNs.
LncRNA MALAT1 aggravates oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via the miR-195a-5p/HMGA1 axis
Authors: Jia Ying , Yi Lian , Li Qianqian , Liu Tingjiao , Yang Shanshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.ResultsUsing an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model, we determined that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly increased during OGD/R. MALAT1 knockdown reversed OGD/R-induced apoptosis and ER stress. Mechanistically, MALAT1 promoted OGD/R-induced neuronal injury through sponging miR-195a-5p to upregulating high mobility group AT-hook1 (HMGA1).ConclusionsCollectively, these data demonstrate the mechanism underlying the invovlvement of MALAT1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, thus providing translational evidence that MALAT1 may serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Left brachiocephalic vein aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Ueno Harushi , Yazawa Mari , Tsubouchi Hideki , Nakanishi Keita , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Goto Masaki , Ozeki Naoki , Nakamura Shota , Fukui Takayuki , Mutsuga Masato , Chen Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Aneurysm of the left brachiocephalic vein is a very rare clinical disease and only 40 cases have been reported so far.

Case presentation
The patient was a 61-year-old woman with no related medical history. She underwent CT to investigate the cause of a cough and a mass was noted in the anterior mediastinum. Dynamic computed tomography with contrast medium injected into the left basilic vein demonstrated the venous aneurysm with blood flow to the left brachiocephalic vein. The patient had no symptoms, but because of the risk of pulmonary infarction and aneurysm rupture, the aneurysm was surgically resected. A median sternotomy was a reasonable approach because of the fragility of the venous aneurysm wall with little working space in the anterior mediastinum.

Conclusions
We diagnosed an aneurysm of the left brachiocephalic vein on preoperative imaging and excised it through a median sternotomy. The venous wall was thin and fragile in some areas and so this approach was appropriate in view of the possibility of intraoperative injury.
Ultrastructure and functional morphology of the appendages in the reef-building sedentary polychaete Sabellaria alveolata (Annelida, Sedentaria, Sabellida)
Authors: Meyer Christian , André Thomas , Purschke Günter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The sedentary polychaete Sabellaria alveolata, the sandcastle or honeycomb worm, possesses four different kinds of appendages besides the parapodia: opercular papillae, tentacular filaments, palps, and branchiae. It exhibits a highly specialized anterior end, the operculum, formed by the prostomium, peristomium, and two anterior segments. The operculum comprises opercular papillae, tentacular filaments, and palps. Paired branchiae are present from the second thoracic chaetiger onwards on the posteriorly following segments except for the last ones. Ultrastructural data on these appendages are either scanty, incomplete, or even lacking in Sabellariidae. In order to analyze their functional morphology, to bridge the data gap, and providing data for future phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses, we investigated the appendages of S. alveolata by applying light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results
In S. alveolata the entire body is covered by a thin cuticle characterized by the absence of layers of parallel collagen fibers with no differentiation between the various body regions including the branchiae. The opercular papillae bear numerous tufts of receptor cells and lack motile cilia. The tentacular filaments show a distinctive pattern of motile cilia. Their most conspicuous morphological feature is a cell-free cartilaginous endoskeletal structure enclosed by ECM. Besides musculature the filaments include a single coelomic cavity but blood vessels are absent. The palps are ciliated and possess two coelomic cavities and a single blind-ending internal blood vessel. Besides external ciliation and receptor cells, the coelomate branchiae are highly vascularized and equipped with numerous blood spaces extending deep between the epidermal cells resulting in low diffusion distances.

Conclusions
All appendages, including the branchiae, bear receptor cells and, as such, are sensory. The opercular papillae resemble typical parapodial cirri. In contrast, the tentacular filaments have a triple function: sensing, collecting and transporting particles. A similarity to branchiae can be excluded. The palps are typical grooved palps. A revised classification of polychaete branchiae is suggested; thereby, the branchiae of S. alveolata belong to the most common type comprising coelom, musculature, and blood vessels. The results indicate that diffusion distances between blood and environment have been underestimated in many cases.
The value of the portable fibrinogen measuring device—a case report of severe postpartum hemorrhage with obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Hikida Yoko , Sumikura Hiroyuki , Okada Hisako , Fujino Takashi , Tanaka Mayumi , Sakai Yu , Okahara Shoko , Inoue Rie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Fibrinogen concentration is an important indicator of the treatment for obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We present how using the fibrinogen measuring device could solve problems in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with complicated DIC.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old woman with monochorionic diamniotic twins at 22 weeks of pregnancy was diagnosed with placental abruption and underwent emergent cesarean section. The estimated blood loss was 8375 g. She was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Compressive uterine sutures and balloon tamponade were performed. We transfused fibrinogen and fresh frozen plasma actively during the operation to maintain plasma fibrinogen above 200 mg/dL by using a point-of-care fibrinogen measuring device. In spite of massive hemorrhage exceeding 10 L, she was extubated at the end of the operation and discharged on the 7th day after the operation.

Conclusion
The portable fibrinogen measuring device was useful for point-of-care assessment of obstetric DIC.
Scavengers of hemoproteins as potential biomarkers for severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Verheij Myrddin W. , Bulder Ingrid , Wuillemin Walter A. , Voermans Carlijn , Zeerleder Sacha S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite improvements in diagnosis, interventions and supportive care, mortality among sepsis patients is still high. Research of the past decade has attempted to identify biomarkers that can accurately discriminate sepsis from other diseases with comparable symptoms to improve diagnosis, but results have been lackluster. Recent studies have shown that hemoproteins and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released as the result of hemolysis play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The aim of this study was to measure plasma levels of the indirect markers for hemoproteins hemopexin, haptoglobin and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as the mitochondrial damage marker mtDNA in the plasma of a cohort of sepsis patients to determine the feasibility of their use as biomarkers in the diagnosis of sepsis.

Methods
Hemopexin, haptoglobin and HO-1 were measured in plasma by ELISA and mtDNA was measured by digital droplet PCR. Plasma levels of hemopexin, haptoglobin, HO-1 and mtDNA were measured in 32 patients with severe sepsis and 8 patients with septic shock at baseline and 4 days after admission to the ICU and in 20 healthy donors.

Results
Plasma levels of hemopexin were significantly lower and plasma levels of HO-1, haptoglobin and mtDNA were significantly higher in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock at baseline compared to healthy controls. Additionally, HO-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with septic shock compared to patients with severe sepsis. Finally, levels of HO-1 and mtDNA, but not of hemopexin, seemed to slowly revert back towards levels measured in healthy donors within 5 days after admission.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that plasma levels of the hemoprotein scavengers hemopexin, haptoglobin and HO-1 and the mitochondrial damage marker mtDNA might be useful as additional biomarkers for the early diagnosis of sepsis and disease severity.
Late Tremadocian (Early Ordovician) reefs on the Yangtze Platform, South China, and their geobiological implications: a synthesis
Authors: Wang Jian-Po , Li Qi-Jian , Kershaw Stephen , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Yu Shen-Yang , Li Yue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study provides an overview and discussion of controls on the distribution of organic reefs during the Early Ordovican Period, in the Yangtze Platform, a region of epicontinental sedimentary rocks in South China. The Yangtze Platform was located in low latitudes during the Early Ordovician and recorded rich and diverse reefs through that time. During the late Tremadocian Epoch, dolomitic and stratiform stromatolites were common in supratidal to intertidal zones of the western Yangtze Platform, while columnar stromatolites formed in deeper waters of the eastern Yangtze Platform. Skeletal-dominated reefs occurred in upper subtidal settings of the central Yangtze Platform. A transition from microbial-dominated to metazoan-dominated reefs with shallowing-upward cycles was evident, indicating that the composition of the main reef-builders was driven mainly by water depth. Increasing metazoan competition during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event reduced the abundance of microbial reefs. Sufficient nutrient supply is interpreted to have promoted development of skeletal-dominated reefs locally in shallow settings in the central Yangtze Platform, especially represented by the expansion of abundant solitary fossils of lithistid sponges andCalathium. High salinity environmental settings facilitated the bloom of stromatolites in near-shore locations. Low oxygen content in deep subtidal settings may have led to the absence of skeletal reefs in these habitats, so the mass occurrences of stromatolites was located in the shallower-water central and eastern platform. No keratose sponge-bearing stromatolite can be confirmed across the platform during this interval.