bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Osteogenic Potential of Conventional Glass-ionomer Cement with Chitosan-modified Glass-ionomer and Bioactive Glass-modified Glass-ionomer Cement - An In vitro Study
Authors: Ranjani Muthukrishnan Sudharshana , Kavitha Mahendran , Venkatesh Srinivasan 
Published: March 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) with chitosan-modified GIC (CH-GIC) and bioactive glass-modified GIC (BAG-GIC) as a function of time in varying proportions.

Materials and Methods:
CH-GIC was prepared by adding 10 v/v% (Group II) and 50 v/v% (Group III) CH to the commercial liquid of GIC. BAG-GIC was prepared by the addition of 10 wt% (Group IV) and 30 wt% (Group V) of BAG to the GIC powder. Conventional GIC was kept as Group I. Nine round-shaped samples measuring 2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter were prepared for every experimental material. Human osteosarcoma cells were cultured and cell proliferation was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell differentiation was assessed at 7,14, and 21 days using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. All experiments were done in triplicate. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc multiple comparisons at 0.05 level significance.

Results:
Cell culture studies showed a significant increase in proliferative activity and ALP activity in Group II, III, IV, and V than Group I at all-time intervals (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in osteogenic potential between CH-GIC and BAG-GIC groups.

Conclusion:
The osteogenic potential was significantly higher in CH-GIC and BAG-GIC compared to conventional GIC.
Evaluation of Postoperative Pain after Pulpectomy using Different File Systems in Primary Teeth
Authors: Lakshmanan Lakshimi , Somasundaram Sujatha , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Subramanian EMG 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain after pulpectomy using different instrumentations in primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:
An extensive literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, LILAC, SIGLE, and Google Scholar was performed to identify English language articles with human subjects that evaluated the effects of different instruments on postoperative pain after pulpectomy.

Results:
The search retrieved 187 references. After screening of the abstracts and articles, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of three articles were included in the systematic review. Of the three included studies, two of them had a moderate risk of bias and one showed a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:
The use of rotary instruments contributed to a lower incidence and intensity of postoperative pain than did the hand instruments in all the three studies. More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed in this field in future studies to support the evidence.
Effect of Cathodic Arc Plasma Deposition on Shear Bond Strength between Palladium Cobalt Chromium Coated with Titanium Nitride and Titanium Aluminium Nitride with Ceramic
Authors: Prabhakar Vaishnavi , Chidambaranathan Ahila Singaravel , Balasubramanium Muthukumar 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The success of esthetic ceramo-metal restoration is strongly influenced by its bond strength. The success of ceramo-metal restoration is subjective to its bond strength.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the shear bond strength between palladium-based cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy coated with titanium nitride (TiNi) and titanium aluminum nitride with feldspathic ceramics.

Materials and Methods:
According to the International Organization for standardization 9693; technical report 1,140,640 samples were prepared using Palladium-based Co-Cr alloy with ×4 vertical projection resting on 5 mm diameter base. The samples were divided into Group: A (control), Group: B (Sandblasted), Group: C (TiNi coated), and Group: D (titanium aluminum nitride coated by cathodic arc plasma deposition, following which feldspathic ceramic application was performed. Shear bond test was performed using universal testing machine and surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscope.

Results:
The mean shear bond strength for Group A was 172.994 ± 3.739 N, Group B 209.485 ± 5.913 N, Group C 176.536 ± 4.780 N, and Group D 260.576 ± 16.351 N. Comparison within the groups was made using one-way ANOVA, and multiple group comparisons were made using Tukey's honestly significant difference Post hoc test where the P < 0.001was considered statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Palladium based Co-Cr alloy coated with titanium aluminum nitride by cathodic plasma arc deposition showed maximum shear bond strength with feldspathic ceramic compared to noncoated, sandblasted, and TiNi coated alloy.
Effects of ventilation mode type on intra-abdominal pressure and intra-operative blood loss in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Kundra Sandeep , Gupta Rekha , Luthra Neeru , Dureja Mehak , Katyal Sunil 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mode of mechanical ventilation; pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) vs. volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on airway pressures, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intra-operative surgical bleeding in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:
This was a prospective, randomised study that included 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery who were mechanically ventilated using PCV or VCV mode. The respiratory parameters (peak and plateau pressures) and IAP were measured after anaesthesia induction in supine position, 10 min after the patients were changed from supine to prone position, at the end of the surgery in prone position, and after the patients were changed from prone to supine position. The amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding was measured by objective and subjective methods.

Results:
The primary outcome was the amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding. It was significantly less in the PCV group than in the VCV group (137 ± 24.37 mL vs. 311 ± 66.98 mL) (P = 0.000). Similarly, on comparing other parameters like peak inspiratory pressures, plateaupressures and IAP, the patients in PCV group had significantly lower parameters than those in VCV group (P < 0.05). No harmful events were recorded.

Conclusion:
In patie,nts undergoing lumbar spine surgery, use of PCV mode decreased intraoperative surgical bleeding, which may be related to lower intraoperative respiratory pressures and IAP.
Incidence of Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Utilization of Tocilizumab for the Treatment of COVID-19 – A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Moore Joanna L. , Stroever Stephanie J. , Rondain Patricia E. , Scatena Robyn N. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Immunosuppressive agents are theorized to target the cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19. However, the downstream effects regarding susceptibilities to secondary infection risk remains unknown. This study seeks to determine risk differences for secondary infections among COVID-19 patients who did and did not receive tocilizumab.

Methods:
We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study from two large, acute care hospitals in Western Connecticut from March 1, to May 31, 2020. We collected variables using manual medical record abstraction. The primary exposure variable was any dose of tocilizumab. The primary outcome was any healthcare-associated bacterial or fungal infection as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network. We performed a Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess the crude difference in cumulative probability of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) across exposure groups. We also performed a multivariable Cox regression analysis to determine the hazard ratio for HAI by exposure group while controlling for potential confounders.

Results:
The Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in the cumulative probability of HAI across groups. The adjusted hazard of HAI for patients given tocilizumab was 0.85 times that of patients not given tocilizumab (95% confidence interval = 0.29, 2.52, P = 0.780) after controlling for relevant confounders.

Conclusions:
Tocilizumab did not increase the incidence of secondary infection among COVID-19 patients. Larger, randomized trials should evaluate infection as a secondary outcome to validate this finding.
Progressive Behavior Modification for Diabetes Patients Based on the GH-Math-Physical Medicine Method Along with the Psychological and Physiological Linkage Pattern Analysis
Authors: Hsu Gerald C 
Published: March 2021

The author self-studied abnormal (traumatized) and behavior psychology for nine years and he also conducted his own research on endocrinology including chronic diseases, especially diabetes, for another nine years.

1.1.	He has contemplated a specific question

“Why do some type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients choose to face serious complications, including death, rather than change their lifestyle in order to control their diabetic conditions?”

1.2.	T2D patients have faced three major challenges

1.2.1.	Availability of accurate disease information with either physical evidence or quantitative proof, not just some general qualitative descriptions that may include either false or commercial driven purpose over the internet (knowledge issue).

1.2.2.	Awareness of disease status and then be able to overcome “self-denial” to move onto “psychological acceptance” state in order to take effective action. The most difficult barriers are having willpower, determination, and persistence on lifestyle change (psychology issues).

1.2.3.	A non-invasive, effective, and ease-of-use artificial intelligence technology (AI) based tool to accurately predict outcomes and also guide patients (technology issue).

His previous three specific papers in this area have already addressed the general understanding of the possible reasoning from a behavior psychology viewpoint by using wave theory, energy theory, frequency domain analysis (Fourier Transform), and segmentation pattern analysis. In those papers he also linked the patient’s psychological issues and diabetes physiological characteristics together in a mathematical and quantitative manner.

From his T2D clinical cases, he was able to identify some of those patients’ key personality traits and psychological behavior patterns. In this paper, he further tries to offer a few practical “tips” in order to help diabetes patients to control their disease. He named his approach as the “Progressive Behavior Modification” which is also a part of the generalized “MPM: Mentality-Personality Modeling”.
Training Need Assessment for Teachers Working in an Inclusive Setting for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Pasha Shaheen , Aftab Muhammad Javed , Naqvi Robina 
Published: March 2021

In an inclusive setup, general education teachers are expected to handle students with different needs. These teachers should always be supported to meet these problems. The purpose of the present research study addresses the importance of teachers' training attitudes towards inclusive education of children with disabilities. Training enhances teachers ‘self- efficiency’ and information regarding adapting their teaching methodologies in an inclusive environment for the individual needs of exceptional children. Literature review studies the areas such as perception about disability, the notion of inclusive education, movement from special education to inclusive setup and teachers training provided to use teaching skills. An inclusive set up is advantageous for learners with disabilities. A total of 280 respondents, male 79 and female 201 from 15 schools and centers of special education, District Multan were selected as a population in the study. A sample of 125 participants selected through stratified random sampling techniques. In this research, a questionnaire was the only instrument for the collection of data. After planning the questionnaire, the researchers administered it to 5 members for pilot testing. The results were analyzed and finally, the questionnaire contained 30 items covering all the components of training need assessment for teachers working in an inclusive setting for children with disabilities. The descriptive and qualitative research method was applied to analyze the collected data. It was highly recommended that teachers' training programs are designed to share information about awareness of disability and enhance teaching skills and knowledge for an efficacious inclusive system for children with disabilities.
Review of the Implementation of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) Provision of Outpatient Medical Record Documents for Dr. Panti Wilasa Hospital Cipto Semarang
Authors: Khoirunnisa Nurma , Sugiyanto Zaenal 
Published: March 2021

Background: Minimum Service Standards have set up at Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang that the standard time of outpatient services is 10 minutes which is calculated from the registration process. From the data obtained by the researcher from the assignment in carrying out the Minimal Standard of Service in serving the outpatients has been fully implemented. However, there are still healthcare service workers who do not understand the Minimum Service Standards when interviewing healthcare service officers in the Outpatient Registration Place section.Methods: This type of research is descriptive research that gives an overview of the data as a result of research. The method used is interviewing the outpatient registration officer and filing. Sampling technique in this study using random sampling data with a sample size of 30 person.Results: There is no specific Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) regarding the provision of outpatient medical records which were interviewed to the head of the medical records, which is already quite a good service at the outpatient registration place Dr. Panti Wilasa Hospital Cipto Semarang and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in outpatient registration conducted interviews with the head of the medical record at Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang. Results of the study showed that the average rapidity in medical record document provision was 31 minutes 20 seconds. At the Wilasa Panti Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang, that the time for providing more medical records is more than ten minutes.Conclusions: The standard time for providing medical records is included in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the collection and compilation of medical records on a storage rack, so that medical records officers can work on the basis and rules that have been determined and the standard time for providing medical records is included in the quality objectives, The results are announced and written in a place easily seen by officers, Monitoring active medical record storage racks regularly by medical records officers and this can reduce the wrong medical record documents.
Effect of Temperature and Composition on Corrosion Behavior of Medium Cr Steel in a Salt Solution Containing CO2
Authors: Gu Yang , Wu Huibin , Yuan Rui , Zhang Pengcheng , Zhang Zhihui , Song Shuai 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the corrosion behavior of three kinds of medium Cr low C steels in the simulated service environment of the transport pipeline was investigated through accelerated corrosion experiments, and the corrosion resistance mechanism of these experimental steels at different temperatures was investigated by electrochemical means. Finally, the reasons for the difference in corrosion behavior were analyzed from the grain boundary and surface Volta potential. The results show that as the temperature rose, the corrosion rate of the 5Cr specimen increased sharply and the corrosion type developed from slight general corrosion to severe general corrosion. The 7Cr specimen was less sensitive to temperature, and the type of corrosion changed from slight general corrosion to local corrosion. Finally, the 9Cr specimen was not sensitive to temperature, and the type of corrosion was always local corrosion. 5Cr steel could form a protective product film at 30°C. As the temperature rose, the protective ability of the product film decreased, and the matrix dissolved easily. The film of 7Cr and 9Cr samples had not yet precipitated and the matrix was difficult to dissolve at 30°C. However, the matrix dissolved easily at 50°C, and the product film had formed, which played a major role. At 70°C, the protective effect of the product film decreased, and the gap between the 7Cr and 9Cr samples began to appear. The increase of Cr content helped to refine grains and increased the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries. At the same time, the increase of Cr element helped to increase the maximum Volta potential of the experimental steel and increased the Volta potential difference. As a result, the test steel was shown to be resistant to uniform corrosion, but it also increased the risk of pitting corrosion.
The Role of Investors and Financiers’ Support in Globalization of Pakistani Companies
Authors: Qureshi Jawaid Ahmed , Qureshi Muhammad Asif , Jalbani Amanat Ali 
Published: March 2021

In the regime of globalization, many companies around the world attempt to globalize their business network beyond domestic boundaries. The stimulus behind that is to nourish, avail opportunities, and earn profits by leveraging the global skills and resources. Such an extension of business can not only benefit them but also to the domestic economies, and overseas economies too in many respects. This study intensively examines the way investors and financers’ assist Pakistani companies to expand their business worldwide. When companies flourish their business ventures and even go global, investors feel confident in investing with them. Similarly, financers trust them and finance them at soft/discounted terms. This is a novel study in the matrix of Pakistan. One earlier research on this issue in some other country ascertained only about the role of bank lending in corporate globalization, while this probe also enlarges its scope by probing about the relationship among investors and globally expanding companies.
The research design of this study consists of sequential hybrid research approaches. At the first stage, a qualitative study was conducted to have basic acquaintance about the core theme of the investigation, corporate globalization and the role of investors and banks cum lending agencies to support Pakistani companies. At the second stage, quantitative study was conducted to test the hypotheses. The samples belong to the population of top-five export-oriented sectors in Pakistan since many of their companies have globalized their operations. The findings reveal evidence of trust and support by investors, banks, and lending entities to these companies.
EXAMINING THE DIFFERENT FACTORS OF THE MID-TERM PERFORMANCE OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN VERY POOR COUNTRIES
Authors: Nanéma Mahamadi , Nassè Dr. Théophile Bindeouè , Ouédraogo Prof. Alidou 
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the factors of performance in the development projects of the very poor countries in general and in particular in the context of Burkina Faso. It is about the identification of the internal and external factors that explain the level of mid-term performance of the development projects. The methodology is focused on a quantitative approach with a limited sample of 35 respondents due to some professional and technical problems. The research results show, first, that there are two internal factors to project management namely the planning variable and the Human resources management variable that positively and significantly influence mid-term performance of development projects in Burkina Faso. Second, with con identified external factors, the variable environment or area of project intervention influences positively and significantly the mid-term performance of development projects in Burkina Faso. The recommendation is that these factors should be considered by development project managers and governmental authorities.
Keywords: Mid-term performance, Project, Development Project, World Bank, Burkina Faso.
SUSTAINING INNOVATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Ositadinma Ndubuisi Dr. Peter , Nonyelum Ugwu Dr. Joy 
Published: March 2021

Business organisations are facing the challenges of innovative adaptation in human resource management in Nigeria. The study aims at highlighting the various areas of conscious alignment of human resource management to the ever changing technology in the Nigerian work environment as a boast to achieving organizational productivity. Data used for the research were secondary and primary. In a field research of Petterson Group Ltd, an Onitsha based human resource consultancy firm, a likert structured questionnaire containing eight (8) items were designed and administered on the management staff. Data were analysed using mean and standard deviation. Hypotheses were tested using Z-test in the SPSS software. Findings reveal that functional areas of human resources; recruitment, training and development as well as salary and wage administration are experiencing noticeable innovations. It is recommended that close cooperation between employers and relevant agencies and organs of government will go a long way in facilitating effective implementation of statutory innovations and reforms like in the areas of contributory pension scheme, monetization, minimum wage, etc.
Keywords: Innovation, Human Resource Management, Organizational Productivity.
Pattern of Refractive Errors and Strabismus in Children
Authors: Iqbal Maryam , Rehmat Maimoona , Omair Qazi Muhammad , Kulsoom Thaira , Mohd-Ali Bariah , Abdul Ali Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

Refractive errors(RE) is an optical defect that reduces the ordinary imaginative and prescient and is a prime contributor to visual impairment, especially among school youngsters, and most of the time it remains undiagnosed for lengthy intervals leading to visionary disabilities in children. Other condition is strabismus that is when eyes do not pair as depicting misalignment, it seems as if the two eyes are not fixating on the identical region on the equal time.
Objectives: To determine the pattern of refractive errors & strabismus in children.
Methods: 1889 patients were observed, children of age ranging from 1 month to 14 years in Ophthalmology department of Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore between the year 2018 to 2019. A self-structure Performa was utilized to gather information. Ocular misalignment was evaluated by cover test and the Hirschberg light reflex. The data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago,USA).
Results: Total 1889 children examined, 18.7% were less than 1 year, 54.7% were between 1 to 4 years, and 26.6%were 4 to 14 years. In those children prevalence of Refractive error was 37.6% in which 18.8% had hypermetropia, 11.2% had astigmatism and 7.6% had myopia. In the data of 1889 patients, 18.7% were less than 1 year in which 79 had strabismus out of which 11.6% are alternating exotropia, 5.4% are alternating exotropia, 4.0% are exotropia, and 1.4% were exotropia. While 54.68% patients were between 1 to 4 years, in which 29.7% had squint. 26.57% patients were between 4 to 14 years, 157 had strabismus. In those patients 13.9% were alternating exotropia, 8.2% were exotropia, 7.4% were alternating exotropia, and 1.8% were exotropia.
Conclusions: Hypermetropia appears significantly general in the children of age that is less than 1 year. While in strabismus, alternating esotropia is more commonplace in our study, but it does not suggests any significance with age.