bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dodiplomsko spletno poučevanje družinske medicine v času epidemije virusa SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Petek Davorina , Kolšek Marko , Petek Šter Marija , Rifel Janez , Homar Vesna , Cedilnik Gorup Eva , Rotar Pavlič Danica , Kopčavar Guček Nena , Švab Igor 
Published: October 2021

Izhodišča: V času epidemije covida-19 v Sloveniji je bilo potrebno celotni teoretični del pouka družinske medicine izvesti po spletu.
Metode: Pouk družinske medicine smo prilagodili izvedbi preko videokonferenčnega sistema. Dodali smo aktualne teme o epidemiji, uvedli redne domače naloge, povečali uporabo spletne učilnice in vzpostavili možnost foruma. Uporabili smo nove metode, na primer predavanje z “obrnjeno učilnico”, problemsko usmerjeno učenje s kliničnimi vinjetami in video-posvet o pouku sporazumevanja. Posebej se je obnesla metoda igrifikacije oz. uvedba kviza v pouk.
Rezultati: Kakovost, prednosti in nevarnosti spletnega pouka smo ocenili z anketo študentov in mnenjem pedagogov. Študenti so ocenili, da je pouk dobro potekal, sodobne metode so jim ugajale, predlagali pa so več kliničnih primerov in predstavitev najpogostejših stanj v družinski medicini. Spletni pouk so ocenili enako visoko kot klinične vaje. Pedagogi so navedli visoko lastno motivacijo in inovativnost pri spremembi pouka, poudarili prednost časovne prilagodljivosti, po drugi strani pa časovno zahtevnost spletnega poučevanja. V prihodnosti bi lahko s pomočjo spletnega poučevanja določen delež študentov opravljal klinične vaje v domačem okolju, s čimer bi potrebovali manj mentorjev v Ljubljani. Spletno poučevanje ponuja možnost učenja modernih veščin zdravnika družinske medicine (npr. videoposvet), aktivacije študentov (npr. igra vlog) ter omogoči ustvarjanje repozitorija učnih gradiv in sodelovanje gostov iz tujine. Slabost pa je odsotnost osebnega stika s študenti ter neustreznost za učenje kliničnih veščin.
Zaključek: Ob takojšnjem prehodu na spletno poučevanje smo preizkusili nove metode pouka, ugotovili nekatere prednosti in pomanjkljivosti. Te izkušnje bodo pomembne za spremembe pouka v naslednjih letih.
Yield Gap Analysis of Rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Toria) in Kokrajhar District of Assam, India
Authors: Deka P. , Baishya B. K. , Bhagawati G. , Bhuyan M. K. , Nath R. K. 
Published: October 2021

The present study was carried out at five different villages of Kokrajhar district of Assam where cluster front line demonstration (CFLD) of High Yielding Variety (HYV) of rape seed (TS 46) was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kokrajhar. A total of 652 nos. of front line demonstration (FLD)s were evaluated to find out the yield gaps between HYV toria variety TS 46 and variety grown by farmers. Yield data of both demonstration and farmers practice were recorded and their yield gap, technology gap, extension gap and technology index were analyzed. The yield of rape seed variety TS 46 was registered 22.38 to 50.00 per cent higher over farmer’s variety. On an average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were recorded as 2.28qha-1, 2.08 qha-1 and 20.73 per cent respectively.
Community Acquired Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae versus Non-Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: A Comparative Analysis from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gandhi Chhavi , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Chawla Kiran , Chaudhry Rama 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The study aims to compare the clinical and microbiological profile in adult, hospitalised patients of community acquired pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) vs other bacterial agents.
Study Design: Prospective, observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out in Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal in a span of eighteen months (August 2014 to February 2016).
Methodology: A Hospital based study in a tertiary care center was conducted. Adult hospitalised patients suspected of community acquired pneumonia (according to IDSA guidelines) were included in the study. Cases with immunosuppression and prior hospital admission were excluded. Respiratory samples were collected and cultured for all the studied cases. PCR was performed for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by targeting P1 gene.
Results: The study cases (n=140) had mean age of 57 years and mean hospital stay of 7 days, comprising 67.6% males and 32.4% females. Amongst all the cases of CAP that were included in the study, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in 23(16.4%) cases with 12 (52.2%) cases due to MP alone and 11 cases (47.8%) had multiple bacterial etiology. Symptoms such as chest pain (91.7%), joint pains (45.8%), earache (41.7%) and sepsis (56.5%) were significantly higher (p<0.005) when Mycoplasma pneumonia was the detected pathogen. Moreover worsening of clinical condition and mortality was also observed higher in this group.
Conclusion: Association of higher morbidity and mortality, as observed in current study, highlights the importance of early and timely diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis Detected by Enzyme Immunoassay Coproantigen among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Selected Hospitals in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: M. Umoru Askira , Samaila A. B. , Panda S. M. , Iliyasu M. Y. , Kadaura U. M. , Umar M. A. , Hamafylto H. S , Bukar U. A. , Wakawa H. U. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Cryptosporidium species are intestinal parasites that infect both humans and animals; it causes cryptosporidiosis which usually resulted to diarrhea especially among those with impaired immunity. It was observed that enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) be ascertain was never been used as one of the techniques in the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum antigen in Maiduguri, Borno state.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred stool and blood samples were collected in four selected hospitals in the study area. Stool samples were analyzed by Enzyme link immunosorbent assay to detect fecal Cryptosporidium antigen, while the blood samples were analyzed with Partec sysmex ® flow cytometric machine for CD4 T-lymphocyte counts.
Results: Demographically, female are 275 while male 125 in number. The result of the stool samples have shown that, of the four hundred samples, seventy nine (79) patients were positive for Cryptosporidium species with an infection rate of 19.8%. According to gender, females have the highest infection rate of 14.25% while males 5.5%.based on age, patients between the ages of 20-39 have the highest prevalence of 9.5% followed by 40-59 with 7.5% and lastly 0-19 and >60 old are1.25 and 1.5% respectively. Traders (businessmen and women) demonstrated the highest infection rate of 8.0% followed by housewives 6.25%, civil servants 4.25% and lastly student and farmer with 1.0 and 0.25% respectively. In terms of CD4-T-lymphocyte count, those with CD4 <200cells/µl has an occurrence rate of 8.25% followed by 201-499 with 7.0% and >500 with 4.5%. on the bases of clinical details, the results have shown that patients with diarrhea has a prevalence of 13.0% while those without diarrhea has 6.75%, however, according to the hospitals the patients attended, the result has that, USUMH has 7.0%.Followed by UMTH 6.5%, SSHM 3.75%, and MSMH 2.5% respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that those with cd4 count bellow 200 are at risk of contacting the parasites and hence is one of the causes of diarrhea among HIV patients. It is recommended that proper hygiene practice should be encouraged.
A Research Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy of Powerball versus Mulligan Mobilization with Movement on Pain and Function in Patients with Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Uttamchandani Shivani , Phansopkar Pratik 
Published: October 2021

Background: Amongst the most frequently repeated stress conditions within the elbow joint includes lateral epicondylitis (LE). The extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle attachment is affected mostly. The management of an individual with LE that manifests itself in repetitive upper extremity motions is the purpose of this research. There seems to be no study on the effects of PowerBall device training on the pain and function in individuals with Lateral Epicondylitis. “PowerBall device” practice is a type of strength training.
Methods / Design: After conducting initial evaluations and allocation, the subjects (n=50) with LE will be involved in a randomized controlled study and classified either in an intervention group or a conventional group. The interventional group will do “PowerBall device” exercises, while others in the control group, doing MMWM. These groups will receive basic movements and ultrasound in accordance with the procedures.
Discussion: The PRTEE scale measured the intervention's impact on pain and function in patients with LE, and a Hand-held Dynamometer was utilized to quantify grip strength. The findings will give considerable support for the use of the "PowerBall device" exercise and MMWM on LE patients.
Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn post study so as to see whether PowerBall device is more helpful or Mulligan Mobilization with Movement on pain and function in patients with LE. This study will give better approach to the therapist in managing the condition.
Microfluidic Arrays of Breast Tumor Spheroids for Drug Screening and Personalized Cancer Therapies
Authors: Prince Elisabeth , Kheiri Sina , Wang Yihe , Xu Fei , Cruickshank Jennifer , Topolskaia Valentina , Tao Huachen , Young Edmond W. K. , McGuigan Alison. P. , Cescon David W. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the obstacles limiting progress in the development of effective cancer therapies is the shortage of preclinical models that capture the dynamic nature of tumor microenvironments. Interstitial flow strongly impacts tumor response to chemotherapy; however, conventional in vitro cancer models largely disregard this key feature. Here, a proof of principle microfluidic platform for the generation of large arrays of breast tumor spheroids that are grown under close‐to‐physiological flow in a biomimetic hydrogel is reported. This cancer spheroids‐on‐a‐chip model is used for time‐ and labor‐efficient studies of the effects of drug dose and supply rate on the chemosensitivity of breast tumor spheroids. The capability to grow large arrays of tumor spheroids from patient‐derived cells of different breast cancer subtypes is shown, and the correlation between in vivo drug efficacy and on‐chip spheroid drug response is demonstrated. The proposed platform can serve as an in vitro preclinical model for the development of personalized cancer therapies and effective screening of new anticancer drugs.
Titanium Carbide‐Based Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Radionuclides: From Nanomaterials to 3D Architectures
Authors: Dong Xinsheng , Bhattacharjee Subhajit , Zhang Chonghuan , Chai Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeavy metal ions (HMIs) and radionuclides pose serious threats to food safety, human health, and marine ecosystems. Titanium carbides are advantageous owing to their good hydrophilicity, controllable surface charge, specific active groups, and high radiation stability, which make them effective candidates for removing toxic HMIs and radionuclides from wastewater. Recently, a lot of research is conducted to discover new methods for preparing functional titanium carbide composite materials to enhance the adsorption performance and overcome the shortcomings of conventional nanomaterials. Since 2011, the titanium carbide‐based adsorbents have undergone a developmental process from a single 2D nanosheet to a wide range of composite materials and 3D architectures. In this review, the development and progress in the design and synthesis methods of various titanium carbide‐based adsorbents are summarized. These methods are practical, scalable, and controllable in terms of structure and surface chemistry. The application of these surface‐modified composite materials in the adsorption of HMIs and radionuclides is also discussed, and the adsorption mass transfer mechanism of the adsorbates on titanium carbide‐based adsorbents is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of titanium carbide composite materials for future applications in the domain of metal ion adsorption are discussed.
Emerging Roles of Energy Metabolism in Ferroptosis Regulation of Tumor Cells
Authors: Yao Xuemei , Li Wei , Fang De , Xiao Chuyu , Wu Xiao , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death, which is characterized by the iron‐dependent accumulation of lethal lipid peroxides and involved in many critical diseases. Recent reports revealed that cellular energy metabolism activities such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and tricarboxylic acid cycle are involved in the regulation of key ferroptosis markers such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore imposing potential regulatory roles in ferroptosis. Remarkably, tumor cells can activate adaptive metabolic responses to inhibit ferroptosis for self‐preservation such as the upregulation of glycolysis and PPP. Due to the rapid proliferation of tumor cells and the intensified metabolic rate, tumor energy metabolism has become a target for disrupting the redox homeostasis and induce ferroptosis. Based on these emerging insights, regulatory impact of those‐tumor specific metabolic aberrations is systematically characterized, such as rewired glucose metabolism and metabolic compensation through glutamine utilization on ferroptosis and analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms. Additionally, those ferroptosis‐based therapeutic strategies are also discussed by exploiting those metabolic vulnerabilities, which may open up new avenues for tumor treatment in a clinical context.
Genetic structure in patchy populations of a candidate foundation plant: a case study ofLeymus chinensisusing genetic and clonal diversity
Authors: Guo Jian , Richards Christina L. , Holsinger Kent E. , Fox Gordon A. , Zhang Zhuo , Zhou Chan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseThe distribution of genetic diversity on the landscape has critical ecological and evolutionary implications. This may be especially the case on a local scale for foundation plant species because they create and define ecological communities, contributing disproportionately to ecosystem function.MethodsWe examined the distribution of genetic diversity and clones, which we defined first as unique multilocus genotypes (MLG), and then by grouping similar MLGs into multilocus lineages. We used 186 markers from inter‐simple sequence repeats (ISSR) across 358 ramets from 13 patches of the foundation grassLeymus chinensis. We examined the relationship between genetic and clonal diversities, their variation with patch size, and the effect of the number of markers used to evaluate genetic diversity and structure in this species.ResultsEvery ramet had a unique MLG. Almost all patches consisted of individuals belonging to a single multilocus lineages. We confirmed this with a clustering algorithm to group related genotypes. The predominance of a single lineage within each patch could be the result of the accumulation of somatic mutations, limited dispersal, some sexual reproduction with partners mainly restricted to the same patch, or a combination of all three.ConclusionsWe found strong genetic structure among patches ofL. chinensis. Consistent with previous work on the species, the clustering of similar genotypes within patches suggests that clonal reproduction combined with somatic mutation, limited dispersal, and some degree of sexual reproduction among neighbors causes individuals within a patch to be more closely related than among patches.
Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
Authors: Milligan Joseph N. , Flynn Andrew G. , Wagner Jennifer D. , Kouwenberg Lenny L.R. , Barclay Richard S. , Byars Bruce W. , Dunn Regan E. , White Joseph D. , Zechmann Bernd , Peppe Daniel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseReconstructing the light environment and architecture of the plant canopy from the fossil record requires the use of proxies, such as those derived from cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes. All approaches assume that plant taxa will respond predictably to changes in light environments. However, most species‐level studies looking at cell wall undulation only consider “sun” or “shade” leaves; therefore, we need a fully quantitative taxon‐specific method.MethodsWe quantified the response of cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes of Platanus occidentalis using two experimental setups: (1) two growth chambers at low and high light and (2) a series of outdoor growth experiments using green and black shade cloth at different densities. We then developed and applied a proxy for daily light integral (DLI) to fossil Platanites leaves from two early Paleocene floras from the San Juan Basin in New Mexico.ResultsAll traits responded to light environment. Cell wall undulation was the most useful trait for reconstructing DLI in the geological record. Median reconstructed DLI from early Paleocene leaves was ~44 mol m−2 d−1, with values from 28 to 54 mol m−2 d−1.ConclusionsCell wall undulation of P. occidentalis is a robust, quantifiable measurement of light environment that can be used to reconstruct the paleo‐light environment from fossil leaves. The distribution of high DLI values from fossil leaves may provide information on canopy architecture; indicating that either (1) most of the canopy mass is within the upper portion of the crown or (2) leaves exposed to more sunlight are preferentially preserved.
Diversification, spread, and admixture of octoploid strawberry in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Bird Kevin A. , Hardigan Michael A. , Ragsdale Aaron P. , Knapp Steven J. , VanBuren Robert , Edger Patrick P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremisePolyploid species often have complex evolutionary histories that have, until recently, been intractable due to limitations of genomic resources. While recent work has further uncovered the evolutionary history of the octoploid strawberry (Fragaria L.), there are still open questions. Much is unknown about the evolutionary relationship of the wild octoploid species, Fragaria virginiana and Fragaria chiloensis, and gene flow within and among species after the formation of the octoploid genome.MethodsWe leveraged a collection of wild octoploid ecotypes of strawberry representing the recognized subspecies and ranging from Alaska to southern Chile, and a high‐density SNP array to investigate wild octoploid strawberry evolution. Evolutionary relationships were interrogated with phylogenetic analysis and genetic clustering algorithms. Additionally, admixture among and within species is assessed with model‐based and tree‐based approaches.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that the two octoploid strawberry species are monophyletic sister lineages. The genetic clustering results show substructure between North and South American F. chiloensis populations. Additionally, model‐based and tree‐based methods support gene flow within and among the two octoploid species, including newly identified admixture in the Hawaiian F. chiloensis subsp. sandwicensis population.ConclusionsF. virginiana and F. chiloensis are supported as monophyletic and sister lineages. All but one of the subspecies show extensive paraphyly. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships among F. chiloensis populations supports a single population range expansion southward from North America. The inter‐ and intraspecific relationships of octoploid strawberry are complex and suggest substantial gene flow between sympatric populations among and within species.
Vegetation‐type conversion of evergreen chaparral shrublands to savannahs dominated by exotic annual herbs: causes and consequences for ecosystem function
Authors: Pratt R. Brandon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWoody, evergreen shrublands are the archetypal community in mediterranean‐type ecosystems, and these communities are profoundly changed when they undergo vegetation‐type conversion (VTC) to become annual, herb‐dominated communities. Recently, VTC has occurred throughout southern California chaparral shrublands, likely with changes in important ecosystem functions. The mechanisms that lead to VTC and subsequent changes to ecosystem processes are important to understand as they have regional and global implications for ecosystem services, climate change, land management, and policy. The main drivers of VTC are altered fire regimes, aridity, and anthropogenic disturbance. Some changes to ecosystem function are certain to occur with VTC, but their magnitudes are unclear, whereas other changes are unpredictable. I present two hypotheses: (1) VTC leads to warming that creates a positive feedback promoting additional VTC, and (2) altered nitrogen dynamics create negative feedbacks and promote an alternative stable state in which communities are dominated by herbs. The patterns described for California are mostly relevant to the other mediterranean‐type shrublands of the globe, which are biodiversity hotspots and threatened by VTC. This review examines the extent and causes of VTC, ecosystem effects, and future research priorities.
Turning Renewable Feedstocks into a Valuable and Efficient Chiral Phosphate Salt Catalyst
Authors: Antenucci Achille , Messina Monica , Bertolone Massimiliano , Bella Marco , Carlone Armando , Salvio Riccardo , Dughera Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolketal, the chiral acetonide of glycerol, has been employed as the starting material in the design of a novel punctually chiral phosphate sodium salt for catalytic applications in organic and asymmetric synthesis. The racemate and the two enantiomers of the substrate are economic and commercially available, straightforwardly prepared in high yields from naturally occurring feedstocks. Therefore, remarkably, both enantiomers of the final catalyst can be synthesized by simple procedures in high yield and in compliance with several principles of green chemistry. To further demonstrate the usefulness of the novel catalyst, its application in a solventless protocol for cyanohydrin synthesis from a series of aldehydes has been presented.
Ether‐Based Electrolyte Chemistry Towards High‐Voltage and Long‐Life Na‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Liang Hao‐Jie , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Yang Jia‐Lin , Li Wen‐Hao , Li Bao , Liu Zhi‐Ming , Li Wen‐Liang , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough ether‐based electrolytes have been extensively applied in anode evaluation of batteries, anodic instability arising from solvent oxidability is always a tremendous obstacle to matching with high‐voltage cathodes. Herein, by rational design for solvation configuration, the fully coordinated ether‐based electrolyte with strong resistance against oxidation is reported, which remains anodically stable with high‐voltage Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NVPF) cathode under 4.5 V (versus Na+/Na) protected by an effective interphase. The assembled graphite//NVPF full cells display superior rate performance and unprecedented cycling stability. Beyond that, the constructed full cells coupling the high‐voltage NVPF cathode with hard carbon anode exhibit outstanding electrochemical performances in terms of high average output voltage up to 3.72 V, long‐term cycle life (such as 95 % capacity retention after 700 cycles) and high energy density (247 Wh kg−1). In short, the optimized ether‐based electrolyte enriches systematic options, the ability to maintain oxidative stability and compatibility with various anodes, exhibiting attractive prospects for application.