bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of viremia during febrile neutropenic episodes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms
Authors: Obrová Klára , Grumaz Silke , Remely Marlene , Czurda Stefan , Krickl Isabella , Herndlhofer Susanne , Gleixner Karoline V. , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Größlinger Lisa , Frank Tijana , Andrade Nuno , Egger‐Matiqi Teresa , Peters Christina , Engstler Gernot , Dworzak Michael , Attarbaschi Andishe , van Grotel Martine , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Moiseev Ivan S. , Rogacheva Yuliya , Zubarovskaya Ludmilla , Zubarovskaya Natalia , Pichler Herbert , Lawitschka Anita , Koller Elisabeth , Keil Felix , Valent Peter , Sohn Kai , Lion Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe importance of viral infections as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality is well documented in severely immunosuppressed patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. By contrast, viral infections generally receive less attention in patients with malignant disorders undergoing chemotherapy, where the onset of neutropenic fever is mostly associated with bacterial or fungal infections, and screening for viral infections is not routinely performed. To address the occurrence of invasive viral infections in a clinical setting commonly associated with less pronounced immunosuppression, we have prospectively screened 237 febrile neutropenic episodes in pediatric (n = 77) and adult (n = 69) patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, primarily for treatment of acute leukemia. Serial peripheral blood specimens were tested by RQ‐PCR assays for the presence and quantity of the clinically relevant viruses CMV, EBV, HHV6 and HAdV, commonly reactivated in highly immunocompromised patients. Viremia was documented in 36 (15%) episodes investigated, including the detection of HHV6 (n = 14), EBV (n = 15), CMV (n = 6), or HAdV (n = 1). While low or intermediate levels of viremia (<104 virus copies/mL) were commonly associated with bacterial or fungal co‐infection, viremia at higher levels (>104 copies/mL) was documented in patients without evidence for other infections, raising the possibility that at least in some instances the onset of fever may have been attributable to the virus detected. The observations suggest that viral infections, potentially resulting from reactivation, might also play a clinically relevant role in patients receiving chemotherapy for treatment of malignant neoplasms, and routine screening for viremia in this clinical setting might be warranted.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bearing Polyethynyl Bridges: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and their Applications
Authors: Islam Khadimul , Narjinari Himani , Kumar Akshai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolyacetylene bridged π‐conjugated polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have found wide applications in the fabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices (OPV), liquid crystal displays and sensors. The ease with which semiconducting and/or emissive behaviour of polyacetylene bridged PAHs could be modulated by tailored functionalities via state‐of‐art powerful synthetic tools along with their low production cost and mechanical flexibility makes them one among the favourites for versatile optoelectronic and sensing applications. The current review sheds light on the applicability of Sonogashira coupling in the synthesis of PAHs with alkynyl bridges with particular emphasis on their photophysical properties. The review further discusses the utility of alkynyl bridged PAHs from the point of view of their applications in optoelectronic devices and in sensing nitroaromatics. The rich synthetic Sonogashira coupling that is available at one‘s disposal along with the promising photophysical properties demonstrated by alkynyl bridged PAHs offers great promise in design of novel π‐conjugated molecules that are capable of exhibiting exciting optoelectronic and sensing applications.
Scaling of linear anthropometric dimensions in living humans
Authors: Fox Maria C. , Konigsberg Lyle W. , Hsiao‐Wecksler Elizabeth T. , Whitcome Katherine K. , Polk John D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesSome previous studies suggest that humans do not conform to geometric similarity (isometry) in anthropometric dimensions of the upper and lower limbs. Researchers often rely on a single statistical approach to the study of scaling patterns, and it is unclear whether these methods produce similar results and are equally robust. This study used one bivariate and one multivariate method to examine how linear anthropometric dimensions scale in a sample of adult humans.Materials and methodsMotion capture marker data from 104 adults of varying height and mass were used to calculate anthropometric dimensions. We analyzed scaling patterns in pooled and separate sexes with two methods: (1) bivariate log–log regression and (2) multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). We calculated 95% highest density/confidence intervals for each method and defined positive/negative allometry as estimates lying outside those intervals.ResultsResults identified isometric scaling of the upper arm, thigh, and shoulder, positive allometry of the forearm and shank, and negative allometry of the pelvis in the pooled sample using both statistical methods. Patterns of allometry in the pooled sample were similar between methods but differed in magnitude. Sex‐specific results differed in both pattern and magnitude between log–log regression and PCA. Only one measurement (shoulder width) departed from isometry in the sex‐specific log–log regressions.DiscussionOur findings suggest that especially in sex‐specific analyses, the pattern and magnitude of allometry are sensitive to statistical methodology. When body mass was selected as the size variable, most human linear anthropometric dimensions in this sample scaled isometrically and were therefore geometrically similar within sexes.
Operando Cooperated Catalytic Mechanism of Atomically Dispersed Cu−N4 and Zn−N4 for Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tong Miaomiao , Sun Fanfei , Xie Ying , Wang Ying , Yang Yuqi , Tian Chungui , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDual‐metal single‐atom catalysts exhibit superior performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however, the synergistic catalytic mechanism is not deeply understood. Herein, we report a dual‐metal single‐atom catalyst consisted of Cu−N4 and Zn−N4 on the N‐doped carbon support (Cu/Zn−NC). It exhibits high‐efficiency ORR activity with an Eonset of 0.98 V and an E1/2 of 0.83 V, excellent stability (no degradation after 10 000 cycles), surpassing state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C and great mass of Pt‐free single atom catalysts. Operando XANES demonstrates that the Cu−N4 as active center experiences the change from atomic dispersion to cluster with the cooperation of Zn−N4 during ORR process, and then turns to single atom state again after reaction. DFT calculation further indicates that the adjustment effect of Zn on the d‐orbital electron distribution of Cu could benefit to the stretch and cleavage of O‐O on Cu active center, speeding up the process of rate determining step of OOH*.
The Hydrotropic Effect of Ionic Liquids in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes**
Authors: Becker Maximilian , Rentsch Daniel , Reber David , Aribia Abdessalem , Battaglia Corsin , Kühnel Ruben‐Simon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater‐in‐salt electrolytes have successfully expanded the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 2 V. Further improvements in stability can be achieved by partially substituting water with either classical organic solvents or ionic liquids. Here, we study ternary electrolytes composed of LiTFSI, water, and imidazolium ionic liquids. We find that the LiTFSI solubility strongly increases from 21 mol kg−1 in water to up to 60 mol kg−1 in the presence of ionic liquid. The solution structure is investigated with Raman and NMR spectroscopy and the enhanced LiTFSI solubility is found to originate from a hydrotropic effect of the ionic liquids. The increased reductive stability of the ternary electrolytes enables stable cycling of an aqueous lithium‐ion battery with an energy density of 150 Wh kg−1 on the active material level based on commercially relevant Li4Ti5O12 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 electrode materials.
Just Culture: The Foundation of Staff Safety in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. , Willoughby Carrie , Jackson Katrina 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn today’s perioperative setting, staff members are potentially exposed to a variety of safety and environmental concerns. As health care organizations implement measures to provide safe environments for perioperative team members, organizational leaders must pivot away from antiquated mindsets and responses and other hierarchical models of leadership. Foundational to creating and fostering safe environments is providing an atmosphere in which staff members, regardless of their role, are empowered to speak up for safety. This article defines a just culture; explores the critical elements of a just culture, including psychological safety, leader and staff member responsibilities, and staff member empowerment; and provides tools and resources that may be beneficial for leaders who are creating a just culture for staff safety in the perioperative setting.
Hydrogen production from herbal wastewater via anaerobic fermentation with diatomite‐immobilized sludge
Authors: Liu Ruina , Lin Youwei , Xu Gongdi , Li Yongfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe feasibility and performance of continuous hydrogen production from herbal wastewater via anaerobic fermentation was investigated at different organic loading rates (OLRs) (from 12 to 96 kg chemical oxygen demand [COD]·L−1·day−1) in diatomite‐immobilized sludge reactor and suspended sludge reactor. Results indicated that the diatomite‐immobilized sludge reactor presented more efficient and stable performance than suspended sludge reactor in terms of hydrogen production rate. In diatomite‐immobilized sludge reactor, the highest hydrogen production rate of 11.17 ± 0.45 mmol·L−1·h−1 was achieved at the optimum OLR of 72‐kg COD·L−1·day−1. The metabolic route of acetate acid and butyrate acid production at low OLR (from 12‐ to 40‐kg COD·L−1·day−1) was modified to be ethanol production by an increase in OLR to 56 and 72‐kg COD·L−1·day−1, which was reflected by the distribution of bacterial community. The maximum energy recovery efficiency by dual production of hydrogen and ethanol was determined to be 31.2 kJ·L−1·h−1 at OLR of 72‐kg COD·L−1·day−1.
Hidden Markov model‐based robustH∞fault estimation for Markov switching systems with application to a single‐link robot arm
Authors: Che Junxing , Zhu Yanzheng , Zhou Donghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the hidden Markov model method is used to represent the asynchronous mode variations between the original systems and the fault estimator. The robustH∞performance index is employed when calculating the fault estimator gain, which effectively suppresses the effect of noise on fault estimation performance. The derived conditions of linear matrix inequalities ensure that the error system is stochastically stable, and a prescribed robustH∞performance index requirement is satisfied. The explicit numerical solutions are obtained on the asynchronous fault estimator gains via resolving the derived conditions of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of developed theoretical results are verified through a numerical example and a practical single‐link robot arm application.
Examining the extent of and determinants for sustainability assurance quality: The role of audit committees
Authors: Zaman Rashid , Farooq Muhammad Bilal , Khalid Fahad , Mahmood Zeeshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the extent of and determinants for sustainability assurance quality. Data comprise sustainability assurance statements published by the top 100 listed companies in Australia and New Zealand from 2017 to 2019. The findings indicate that Australian companies lead their New Zealand counterparts in sustainability assurance. Although sustainability reporting has risen, assurance rates remain significantly low. Accountants dominate the market, and companies prefer to use their own auditors for sustainability assurance work. Sustainability assurance quality is poor and does not vary significantly among Australian and New Zealand companies. Low‐quality sustainability assurance plays a limited role in mitigating potential stakeholder–agency conflicts. The regression analysis indicates that audit committee characteristics such as members' independence, industry/market expertise, and attending meetings enhance sustainability assurance quality, whereas audit committee size has no affect. These findings suggest that audit committee characteristics such as independence, industry expertise, and regular meeting attendance have the potential to reduce stakeholder–agency conflicts by improving the quality of sustainability statement assurance. Our findings build on the sustainability assurance literature by exploring current trends in sustainability assurance practices in Australia and New Zealand where corporate governance codes have been recently revised. Further, these findings are timely given recent changes in standards (International Standard on Assurance Engagements [ISAE] 3000 and Global Reporting Initiative [GRI]). Our study contributes to the audit committee literature and sheds light on the role played by audit committee characteristics on sustainability assurance statement quality. The study findings potentially offer useful insights for practitioners, standard setters, and regulators.
Correlation between the surface characteristics of carbon supports and their electrochemical stability and performance in fuel cell cathodes
Authors: Jiménez‐Morales Ignacio , Reyes‐Carmona Alvaro , Dupont Marc , Cavaliere Sara , Rodlert Marlene , Mornaghini Flavio , Larsen Mikkel J. , Odgaard Madeleine , Zajac Jerzy , Jones Deborah J. , Rozière Jacques 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an extensive characterisation of a range of carbon blacks (CB) with similar surface area but different surface chemistry is carried out by flow calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic water vapour sorption, instrumental gas analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption and high potential chronoamperometry. Using these carbon materials as supports, Pt/CB electrocatalysts are prepared by microwave‐assisted polyol‐mediated synthesis in gram scale. Structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrocatalysts are evaluated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, rotating disc electrode and in situ fuel cell characterisation of the corresponding membrane–electrode assemblies. The obtained results allow to establish a relationship between surface chemistry and electrochemical properties useful for the design of Pt/C catalyst layers with high performance and stability.
Qualification of Image‐Based Measurement Systems for Characterization of Sprays
Authors: Schulz Jonas , Schunk Christoph , Schleicher Eckhard , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImage‐based measurement techniques become increasingly popular and expedite digitalization in chemical engineering. This article demonstrates their potential by testing two inline probes, namely modified optical multimode online probe (OMOP) and process microscope. Validations are performed with static monodisperse standards (9.2 µm to 406 µm) and fast‐moving droplets (68.6 µm to 860.7 µm; 24.5 m s−1 to 11 m s−1). Screening of a lithography attests both probes great distortion‐free image quality. A 1951 USAF chart attests a low optical resolution of 8 µm or 7 µm with respect to the OMOP or process microscope, respectively. The modified OMOP and process microscope reaches accuracies of 7.6 % or 5.9 % for particles and 8.2 % or 6.8 % for droplets.
Quality measures for end‐of‐life care for children with cancer: A modified Delphi approach
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Martinez Isaac , Wolfe Joanne , Asch Steven M. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe quality of adult end‐of‐life (EOL) cancer care has benefited from quality measures, but corresponding pediatric measures are lacking. Therefore, the authors used a validated expert panel method to recommend EOL quality measures for pediatric oncology.MethodsThe authors used the modified Delphi method to assess potential quality measures. Panelists were selected on the basis of professional organization nominations and expert qualifications. Pediatric and adult oncology, pediatric palliative care, social work, nursing, and hospice were represented. The authors provided the panel with a literature review on 20 proposed measures derived from adult measures and bereaved family interviews. The panel first scored the importance of each measure on a 9‐point scale and then discussed the measures via a conference call. The panel then rescored the measures. According to a priori standards, measures with median scores ≥ 7 with at least 7 of 9 experts ranking it as ≥4 were endorsed.ResultsThe 16 endorsed measures included measures related to avoidance of medically intense care (eg, intensive care unit death and intubation in the last 14 days of life), death location (eg, death in the preferred location), hospital policies/programs (eg, the removal of visitor restrictions at EOL and the presence of a bereavement program), and supportive care services (eg, pediatric palliative care involvement and sibling needs assessment). Unendorsed measures included avoidance of chemotherapy at EOL and home death.ConclusionsExpert panel–endorsed quality measures have been developed for EOL care in pediatric oncology. The measures need validation with bereaved families and further refinement before they are ready for real‐world application as a tool for standardizing EOL care in pediatric oncology.Lay Summary

Quality measures for end‐of‐life care for children with cancer lag behind adult quality measures. Therefore, the authors have conducted an expert panel to develop an endorsed list of quality measures for end‐of‐life care for children with cancer.

The 16 endorsed measures include measures related to avoidance of medically intense care (eg, intensive care unit death and intubation in the last 14 days of life), location of death (eg, death in the preferred location), hospital policies/programs (eg, the removal of visitor restrictions at the end of life and the presence of a bereavement program), and supportive care services (eg, pediatric palliative care involvement and sibling needs assessment).
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia in a child associated with a NUP98‐NSD1 fusion and NRAS p.Gly61Arg mutation
Authors: Ganapathi Shireen S. , Raikar Sunil S. , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Djokic Miroslav , Bukowinski Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare subset of acute leukemia in the pediatric population associated with genetic alterations seen in both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).CaseWe describe a patient with MPAL with a NUP98 (nucleoporin 98)‐NSD1 gene fusion (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein1) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog mutation) p.Gly61Arg mutation who was treated with upfront AML‐based chemotherapy, received hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but unfortunately died from relapsed disease.ConclusionThis case highlights the challenges faced in choosing treatment options in MPAL patients with complex genomics, with predominant myeloid features.
Design cloud‐fog systems based on the energy of Internet of Things devices
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Thinh Le Duc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlong with the development of connected devices and smart environments, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been receiving attention for years because of the growth in the number of devices. It enables a new breed of services and applications expected to analyze and augment captured data from IoT devices in order to create meaningful information for end‐users. Due to the limitations of computing and storage on devices, cloud computing is considered as a promising computing paradigm, which can provide elastic resources to the IoT services and applications. In this paper, we investigate the problem of IoT devices deployment in Cloud‐Fog system to provide the maximum operation time under the battery constraint of IoT devices. We formulate the problem using a Linear Programming (LP) model taking into account the characteristics of energy resources in Cloud‐Fog system as well as the IoT services‐specific requirements under two situations with and without battery constraints of the Fog Node devices. As the solution from the LP model might be too complicated for small devices, we propose a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem. The experimental results show that our proposed heuristic solution is very close to optimum solution in terms of energy efficiency.
A clustering algorithm based on the weighted entropy of conditional attributes for mixed data
Authors: Zhou Jing , Chen Ke , Liu Jinsheng 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA novel definition for weighted entropy is proposed to improve clustering performance for small and diverse datasets. First, intra‐class and inter‐class weighted entropies for categorical and numeric conditional attributes are respectively developed using the mathematical definition of entropy. Second, the weighted entropy is used to calculate cluster weights for mixed conditional attributes. A unique weighted clustering algorithm that adopts entropy as its primary description term, after integrating the corresponding distance calculation mechanism, is then introduced. Finally, a theoretical analysis and validation experiment were conducted using the UC‐Irvine dataset. Results showed that the proposed algorithm offers high self‐adaptability, as its clustering performance was superior to the existing K‐prototypes, SBAC, and OCIL algorithms.
Methane Over‐Oxidation by Extra‐Framework Copper‐Oxo Active Sites of Copper‐Exchanged Zeolites: Crucial Role of Traps for the Separated Methyl Group
Authors: Adeyiga Olajumoke , Odoh Samuel O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCopper‐exchanged zeolites are useful for stepwise conversion of methane to methanol at moderate temperatures. This process also generates some over‐oxidation products like CO and CO2. However, mechanistic pathways for methane over‐oxidation by copper‐oxo active sites in these zeolites have not been previously described. Adequate understanding of methane over‐oxidation is useful for developing systems with higher methanol yields and selectivities. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) to examine methane over‐oxidation by [Cu3O3]2+ active sites in zeolite mordenite MOR. The methyl group formed after activation of a methane C−H bond can be stabilized at a μ‐oxo atom of the active site. This μ‐(O−CH3) intermediate can undergo sequential hydrogen atom abstractions till eventual formation of a copper‐monocarbonyl species. Adsorbed formaldehyde, water and formates are also formed during this process. The overall mechanistic path is exothermic, and all intermediate steps are facile at 200 °C. Release of CO from the copper‐monocarbonyl costs only 3.4 kcal/mol. Thus, for high methanol selectivities, the methyl group from the first hydrogen atom abstraction step must be stabilized away from copper‐oxo active sites. Indeed, it must be quickly trapped at an unreactive site (short diffusion lengths) while avoiding copper‐oxo species (large paths between active sites). This stabilization of the methyl group away from the active sites is central to the high methanol selectivities obtained with stepwise methane‐to‐methanol conversion.