bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between education and dementia in the Caribbean and the United States: An international comparison
Authors: Li Jing , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Harrati Amal , Weiss Jordan , Jiménez‐Velázquez Ivonne Z. , Acosta Daisy , Llibre‐Rodriguez Juan de Jesús , Liu Mao‐Mei , Dow William H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite high dementia prevalence in Hispanic populations globally, especially Caribbean Hispanics, no study has comparatively examined the association between education and dementia among Hispanics living in the Caribbean Islands and older adults in the United States.MethodsWe used data on 6107 respondents aged 65 and older in the baseline wave of the population‐based and harmonized 10/66 survey from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, collected between 2003 and 2008, and 11,032 respondents aged 65 and older from the U.S.‐based Health and Retirement Study data in 2014, a total of 17,139 individuals. We estimated multivariable logistic regression models examining the association between education and dementia, adjusted for age, income, assets, and occupation. The models were estimated separately for the Caribbean population (pooled and by setting) and the U.S. population by race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Black, and White), followed by pooled models across all populationsResultsIn the Caribbean population, the relative risk of dementia among low versus high educated adults was 1.45 for women (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17, 1.74) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.35, 2.49) for men, smaller compared to those in the United States, especially among non‐Hispanic Whites (women: 2.78, 95% CI 1.94, 3.61; men: 5.98, 95% CI 4.02, 7.95).DiscussionThe differential associations between education and dementia across the Caribbean and US settings may be explained by greater disparities in social conditions in the United States compared to the Caribbean, such as access to health care, healthy behaviors, and social stressors, which serve as potentially important mediators.
Plasma antioxidants and risk of dementia in older adults
Authors: Koch Manja , Furtado Jeremy D. , Cronjé Héléne Toinét , DeKosky Steven T. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Lopez Oscar L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Jensen Majken K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPlant‐based diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been associated with lower risk of dementia, but the specific role of antioxidants, a key class of bioactive phytochemicals, has not been well ascertained.MethodsWe measured antioxidants in a case‐cohort study nested within the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. We included 996 randomly selected participants and 521 participants who developed dementia, of which 351 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during a median of 5.9 years of follow‐up. We measured baseline plasma levels of retinol, α‐, and γ‐tocopherol; zeaxanthin and lutein (combined); beta‐cryptoxanthin; cis‐lycopene; trans‐lycopene; α‐carotene; and trans‐β‐carotene by organic phase extraction followed by chromatographic analysis and related these to neurologist‐adjudicated risks of all‐cause dementia and AD.ResultsPlasma retinol, α‐, and γ‐tocopherol, and carotenoids were not significantly related to risk of dementia or AD. Associations were not significant upon Bonferroni correction for multiple testing and were consistent within strata of sex, age, apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype, mild cognitive impairment at baseline, and intake of multivitamin, vitamin A or β‐carotene, or vitamin E supplements. Higher trans‐β‐carotene tended to be related to a higher risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 1 standard deviation [SD] higher trans‐β‐carotene: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.20) and α‐carotene tended to be associated with higher risk of AD only (adjusted HR per 1 SD higher α‐carotene: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.29).DiscussionPlasma antioxidants were not significantly associated with risk of dementia or AD among older adults. Similar studies in younger populations are required to better understand the association between plasma antioxidants and dementia risk.
Life‐threatening pharyngeal oedema secondary to severe perianaesthetic regurgitation in a French bulldog: Management with topical adrenaline and nasotracheal tube
Authors: Debuigne Morgane , Chesnel Maud‐Aline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPostoperative upper airway obstructions in brachycephalic dogs (BDs) mainly occur following brachycephalic airway surgery. Tracheostomy is the most frequently reported technique to relieve upper airway obstructions. A 10‐year‐old French bulldog presented repeated regurgitation during anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery. Oesophageal and pharyngeal lavage were performed. Seven hours after recovery, the dog displayed severe stertor and hypoxemia, which were not relieved with oxygen flow‐by and sedation. Emergency anaesthesia and tracheal intubation were performed. Laryngoscopy revealed severe pharyngeal inflammation. A nasotracheal tube (NTT) was placed while the dog remained intubated, and diluted adrenaline was sprayed on the pharynx using a mucosal atomization device. Mild sedation and oxygenotherapy through NTT were maintained for 3 days. The dog was discharged after 5 days. This report describes an uncommon complication of perianaesthetic repeated regurgitation in a BD, and an unusual technique for managing an upper airway obstruction.
Time-periodicities in holographic CFTs
Authors: Craps Ben , De Clerck Marine , Evnin Oleg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dynamics in AdS spacetimes is characterized by various time-periodicities. The most obvious of these is the time-periodic evolution of linearized fields, whose normal frequencies form integer-spaced ladders as a direct consequence of the structure of representations of the conformal group. There are also explicitly known time-periodic phenomena on much longer time scales inversely proportional to the coupling in the weakly nonlinear regime. We ask what would correspond to these long time periodicities in a holographic CFT, provided that such a CFT reproducing the AdS bulk dynamics in the large central charge limit has been found. The answer is a very large family of multiparticle operators whose conformal dimensions form simple ladders with spacing inversely proportional to the central charge. We give an explicit demonstration of these ideas in the context of a toy model holography involving a ϕ4 probe scalar field in AdS, but we expect the applicability of the underlying structure to be much more general.
DNA methylation regulates the expression of the negative transcriptional regulators ID2 and ID4 during OPC differentiation
Authors: Tiane Assia , Schepers Melissa , Riemens Renzo , Rombaut Ben , Vandormael Patrick , Somers Veerle , Prickaerts Jos , Hellings Niels , van den Hove Daniel , Vanmierlo Tim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes is the prerequisite for remyelination in demyelinated disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, have been suggested to control the intricate network of transcription factors involved in OPC differentiation. Yet, the exact mechanism remains undisclosed. Here, we are the first to identify the DNA-binding protein inhibitors, Id2 and Id4, as targets of DNA methylation during OPC differentiation. Using state-of-the-art epigenetic editing via CRISPR/dCas9-DNMT3a, we confirm that targeted methylation of Id2/Id4 drives OPC differentiation. Moreover, we show that in the pathological context of MS, methylation and gene expression levels of both ID2 and ID4 are altered compared to control human brain samples. We conclude that DNA methylation is crucial to suppress ID2 and ID4 during OPC differentiation, a process that appears to be dysregulated during MS. Our data do not only reveal new insights into oligodendrocyte biology, but could also lead to a better understanding of CNS myelin disorders.
Circulating circRNA as biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy etiology
Authors: Costa Marina C. , Calderon-Dominguez Maria , Mangas Alipio , Campuzano Oscar , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Ramos Mónica , Quezada-Feijoo Maribel , Pinilla José Manuel García , Robles-Mezcua Ainhoa , del Aguila Pacheco-Cruz Galan , Belmonte Thalia , Enguita Francisco J. , Toro Rocío 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of heart failure. The multidisciplinary nature of testing — involving genetics, imaging, or cardiovascular techniques — makes its diagnosis challenging. Novel and reliable biomarkers are needed for early identification and tailored personalized management. Peripheral circular RNAs (circRNAs), a leading research topic, remain mostly unexplored in DCM. We aimed to assess whether peripheral circRNAs are expressed differentially among etiology-based DCM. The study was based on a case–control multicentric study. We enrolled 130 subjects: healthy controls (n = 20), idiopathic DCM (n = 30), ischemic DCM (n = 20), and familial DCM patients which included pathogen variants of (i) LMNA gene (n = 30) and (ii) BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) gene (n = 30). Differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed in plasma samples by quantitative RT-PCR and correlated to relevant systolic and diastolic parameters. The pathophysiological implications were explored through bioinformatics tools. Four circRNAs were overexpressed compared to controls: hsa_circ_0003258, hsa_circ_0051238, and hsa_circ_0051239 in LMNA-related DCM and hsa_circ_0089762 in the ischemic DCM cohort. The obtained areas under the curve confirm the discriminative capacity of circRNAs. The circRNAs correlated with some diastolic and systolic echocardiographic parameters with notable diagnostic potential in DCM. Circulating circRNAs may be helpful for the etiology-based diagnosis of DCM as a non-invasive biomarker.

Key messages

The limitations of cardiac diagnostic imaging and the absence of a robust biomarker reveal the need for a diagnostic tool for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

The circular RNA (circRNA) expression pattern is paramount for categorizing the DCM etiologies.

Our peripheral circRNAs fingerprint discriminates between various among etiology-based DCM and correlates with some echocardiographic parameters.

We provide a potential non-invasive biomarker for the etiology-based diagnosis of LMNA-related DCM and ischemic DCM.
Waiting for family reunification and the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers: a 24-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark
Authors: Hvidtfeldt Camilla , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine whether family separation caused by prolonged waiting for family reunification is associated with the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers.

Method
Based on full-population Danish registry data covering 1995–2015, we mapped arrival patterns among nuclear refugee family members resettled in Denmark (n = 76,776) and established a cohort of refugee fathers (n = 6176) who all arrived alone and later obtained family reunification with their wife and children. The fathers were followed for up to 24 years, from the day their residence permit was issued until their first psychiatric diagnosis, emigration, death, or study end, whichever came first. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of being diagnosed with a mental disorder (i) for the period while the fathers were still separated from their family and (ii) across varying lengths of family separation.

Results
The HR of any mental disorder was 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–2.81) for fathers still separated from their family compared with those who had obtained family reunification. The HR increased with longer family separation. Compared with fathers separated for < 9 months, the HR of any mental disorder was 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.89) for 9–11 months’ separation, increasing to 2.02 (95% CI 1.52–2.68) for 18–23 months’ separation. Results were driven by post-traumatic stress disorder.

Conclusion
Fathers waiting for their wives and children face an increased risk of mental disorders. Countries receiving refugees should be aware that delaying family reunification can lead to adverse mental health effects.
Sentinel-6A precise orbit determination using a combined GPS/Galileo receiver
Authors: Montenbruck Oliver , Hackel Stefan , Wermuth Martin , Zangerl Franz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Sentinel-6 (or Jason-CS) altimetry mission provides a long-term extension of the Topex and Jason-1/2/3 missions for ocean surface topography monitoring. Analysis of altimeter data relies on highly-accurate knowledge of the orbital position and requires radial RMS orbit errors of less than 1.5 cm. For precise orbit determination (POD), the Sentinel-6A spacecraft is equipped with a dual-constellation GNSS receiver. We present the results of Sentinel-6A POD solutions for the first 6 months since launch and demonstrate a 1-cm consistency of ambiguity-fixed GPS-only and Galileo-only solutions with the dual-constellation product. A similar performance (1.3 cm 3D RMS) is achieved in the comparison of kinematic and reduced-dynamic orbits. While Galileo measurements exhibit 30–50% smaller RMS errors than those of GPS, the POD benefits most from the availability of an increased number of satellites in the combined dual-frequency solution. Considering obvious uncertainties in the pre-mission calibration of the GNSS receiver antenna, an independent inflight calibration of the phase centers for GPS and Galileo signal frequencies is required. As such, Galileo observations cannot provide independent scale information and the estimated orbital height is ultimately driven by the employed forces models and knowledge of the center-of-mass location within the spacecraft. Using satellite laser ranging (SLR) from selected high-performance stations, a better than 1 cm RMS consistency of SLR normal points with the GNSS-based orbits is obtained, which further improves to 6 mm RMS when adjusting site-specific corrections to station positions and ranging biases. For the radial orbit component, a bias of less than 1 mm is found from the SLR analysis relative to the mean height of 13 high-performance SLR stations. Overall, the reduced-dynamic orbit determination based on GPS and Galileo tracking is considered to readily meet the altimetry-related Sentinel-6 mission needs for RMS height errors of less than 1.5 cm.
Trauma Training Courses and Programs in Low‐ and Lower Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Livergant Rachel J. , Demetrick Selina , Cravetchi Xenia , Kung Janice Y. , Joos Emilie , Hawes Harvey G. , Saleh Abdullah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInjury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries (LMICs). Trauma training is a cost‐effective way to improve injury outcomes. Several trauma programs have been implemented in LMICs; however, their scope and effectiveness remain unclear. In this review, we sought to describe and assess the current state of trauma training in LMICs.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global for trauma training courses in LMICs. An additional gray literature search was conducted on university, governmental, and non‐ governmental organizations’ websites to identify trauma‐related postgraduate medical education (PGME) opportunities.ResultsMost studies occurred in sub‐Saharan Africa and participants were primarily physicians/surgeons, medical students/residents, and nurses. General and surgical trauma management courses were most common, followed by orthopedic trauma or plastic surgery trauma/burn care courses. 32/45 studies reported on participant knowledge and skills, 27 of which had minimal follow‐up. Of the four studies commenting on cost of courses, only one demonstrated cost‐effectiveness. Three articles evaluated post‐course effects on patient outcomes, two of which failed to demonstrate significant improvements. Overall, 43.0% of LMICs have PGME programs with defined trauma competency requirements.ConclusionsCurrent studies on trauma training in LMICs do not clearly demonstrate sustainability, cost‐effectiveness, nor improved outcomes. Trauma training programs should be in response to a need, championed locally, and work within a cohesive system to demonstrate concrete benefits. We recommend standardized and contextualized trauma training with recertifications in LMICs for lasting and improved trauma care.
Improvement in systematic error in background-oriented schlieren results by using dynamic backgrounds
Authors: Reichenzer Frieder , Schneider Mike , Herkommer Alois 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The use of electronic visual displays for background-oriented schlieren allows for the quick change of the reference images. In this study, we show that the quality of synthetic and background-oriented schlieren images can be improved by acquiring a set of images with different reference images and generating a median displacement field from it. To explore potential benefits, we studied different background changing strategies and their effect on the quality of the evaluation of the displacement field via artificial and experimental image distortions.

Graphic abstract
Different strategies, equivalent treatment approaches in terms of mortality in four university hospitals: a retrospective multicenter study of gastroschisis in Finland
Authors: Tauriainen Asta , Hyvärinen Anna , Raitio Arimatias , Sankilampi Ulla , Gärding Mikko , Tauriainen Tuomas , Helenius Ilkka , Vanamo Kari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Optimal treatment of gastroschisis is not determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate treatment methods of gastroschisis in four university hospitals in Finland.

Methods
The data of neonates with gastroschisis born between 1993 and 2015 were collected. The primary outcomes were short and long-term mortality and the length of stay (LOS). Statistical analyses consisted of uni- and multivariate models.

Results
Total of 154 patients were included (range from 31 to 52 in each hospital). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality or LOS between centers. Significant differences were observed between the hospitals in the duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.046), time to full enteral nutrition (p = 0.043), delay until full defect closure (p = 0.003), central line sepsis (p = 0.025), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.018), number of abdominal operations during initial hospitalization (p = 0.000) and follow-up (p = 0.000), and ventral hernia at follow-up (p = 0.000). In a Cox multivariate analysis, the treating hospital was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion
There were no differences in short or long-term mortality between four university hospitals in Finland. However, some inter-hospital variation in postoperative outcomes was present.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Diverging prefrontal cortex fiber connection routes to the subthalamic nucleus and the mesencephalic ventral tegmentum investigated with long range (normative) and short range (ex-vivo high resolution) 7T DTI
Authors: Coenen Volker A. , Döbrössy Máté D. , Teo Shi Jia , Wessolleck Johanna , Sajonz Bastian E. A. , Reinacher Peter C. , Thierauf-Emberger Annette , Spittau Björn , Leupold Jochen , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Schlaepfer Thomas E. , Reisert Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUncertainties
concerning anatomy and function of cortico-subcortical projections have arisen during the recent years. A clear distinction between cortico-subthalamic (hyperdirect) and cortico-tegmental projections (superolateral medial forebrain bundle, slMFB) so far is elusive. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the slMFB (for major depression, MD and obsessive compulsive disorders, OCD) has on the one hand been interpreted as actually involving limbic (prefrontal) hyperdirect pathways. On the other hand slMFB’s stimulation region in the mesencephalic ventral tegmentum is said to impact on other structures too, going beyond the antidepressant (or anti OCD) efficacy of sole modulation of the cortico-tegmental reward-associated pathways. We have here used a normative diffusion MRT template (HCP, n = 80) for long-range tractography and augmented this dataset with ex-vivo high resolution data (n = 1) in a stochastic brain space. We compared this data with histological information and used the high resolution ex-vivo data set to scrutinize the mesencephalic tegmentum for small fiber pathways present. Our work resolves an existing ambiguity between slMFB and prefrontal hyperdirect pathways which—for the first time—are described as co-existent. DBS of the slMFB does not appear to modulate prefrontal hyperdirect cortico-subthalamic but rather cortico-tegmental projections. Smaller fiber structures in the target region—as far as they can be discerned—appear not to be involved in slMFB DBS. Our work enfeebles previous anatomical criticism and strengthens the position of the slMFB DBS target for its use in MD and OCD.
Numerical experiments with LP formulations of the maximum clique problem
Authors: Kardos Dóra , Patassy Patrik , Szabó Sándor , Zaválnij Bogdán 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe maximum clique problems calls for determining the size of the largest clique in a given graph. This graph problem affords a number of zero-one linear programming formulations. In this case study we deal with some of these formulations. We consider ways for tightening the formulations. We carry out numerical experiments to see the improvements the tightened formulations provide.
Integrin β1 orchestrates the abnormal cell-matrix attachment and invasive behaviour of E-cadherin dysfunctional cells
Authors: Figueiredo Joana , Ferreira Rui M. , Xu Han , Gonçalves Margarida , Barros-Carvalho André , Cravo Janine , Maia André F. , Carneiro Patrícia , Figueiredo Céu , Smith Michael L. , Stamenović Dimitrije , Morais-de-Sá Eurico , Seruca Raquel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Tumour progression relies on the ability of cancer cells to penetrate and invade neighbouring tissues. E-cadherin loss is associated with increased cell invasion in gastric carcinoma, and germline mutations of the E-cadherin gene are causative of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Although E-cadherin dysfunction impacts cell–cell adhesion, cell dissemination also requires an imbalance of adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Methods
To identify ECM components and receptors relevant for adhesion of E-cadherin dysfunctional cells, we implemented a novel ECM microarray platform coupled with molecular interaction networks. The functional role of putative candidates was determined by combining micropattern traction microscopy, protein modulation and in vivo approaches, as well as transcriptomic data of 262 gastric carcinoma samples, retrieved from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA).

Results
Here, we show that E-cadherin mutations induce an abnormal interplay of cells with specific components of the ECM, which encompasses increased traction forces and Integrin β1 activation. Integrin β1 synergizes with E-cadherin dysfunction, promoting cell scattering and invasion. The significance of the E-cadherin-Integrin β1 crosstalk was validated in Drosophila models and found to be consistent with evidence from human gastric carcinomas, where increased tumour grade and poor survival are associated with low E-cadherin and high Integrin β1 levels.

Conclusions
Integrin β1 is a key mediator of invasion in carcinomas with E-cadherin impairment and should be regarded as a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer.