bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of pharmacy involvement in a disaster simulation exercise within a pediatric hospital emergency department: A pilot project
Authors: Marks Kayla , Chung Sarita , Li Joyce , Waltzman Mark , Manzi Shannon , Shah Dhara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
In this descriptive report, we describe a unique trial of pharmacist participation in a multidisciplinary pediatric emergency department disaster simulation exercise. With the number of disasters increasing worldwide, the role of pharmacists in disaster response is of particular interest to the profession.

Summary
This observational study describes pharmacist participation in a disaster simulation exercise. An evaluation tool was developed to assess participants’ performance in the following domains: communication, pharmacotherapy, problem solving/decision making, and teamwork/organization. The observers used a rating scale of “concise/prompt,” “needs improvement,” or “not done” to evaluate performance on each objective. The participants’ self-perceived knowledge of disaster response was assessed with pre- and postsimulation surveys using Likert scales. Five simulation exercises were held from June to October 2019, with 2 pharmacists participating in each simulation. Within the problem solving/decision making and communication domains, pharmacists were concise/prompt 66% of the time, while they were concise/prompt for 88.8% and 92.5% of tasks in the teamwork/organization and pharmacotherapy domains, respectively. Surveys of self-perceived knowledge revealed that while only 10% of pharmacists felt “moderately prepared” prior to the simulation exercise, 80% of pharmacists felt moderately prepared to care for patients during a disaster event after the simulation exercise.

Conclusion
This report describes a unique approach of including emergency department–trained pharmacists in disaster simulation exercises to enhance their professional development, improve team dynamics in a mass casualty scenario, and increase their own reported level of preparedness to effectively manage a surge in critically ill pediatric patients.
Aging Facial Recognition for Feature Extraction Using Adaptive Fully Recurrent Deep Neural Learning
Authors: Shoba Betcy Thanga , Shatheesh Sam I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The face recognition (FR) process identifies or confirms a person with the help of images and videos. The traditional aging FR (AFR) method encounters numerous issues as a result of age-related biological transformation. An adaptive fully recurrent deep neural learning (AFRDNL) technique is presented in this research to improve FR accuracy (FRA) with minimal time complexity (TC). Feature extraction and classification are two processes included in the proposed technique. The AFRDNL technique gathers facial images from the database and trains the face images with three layers. To learn the facial features, three hidden layers are employed in the AFRDNL technique. Finally, the AFRDNL technique utilizes the Gaussian activation function for matching extracted testing features with earlier saved training features. This process is repeated until a minimal training error with a higher FRA is achieved. Experimental evaluation is carried out with three image datasets like Face and Gesture Recognition Research Network, MORPH and Cross-Age Labeled faces in the Wild (CALFW) datasets using different metrics, such as FRA, false-positive rate (FPR), TC and F1score. The experimental results confirm that the AFRDNL technique effectively increases the FRA and F1score and minimizes the FPR and TC more effectively than the state-of-the-art methods.
Gut Epithelial-derived CXCL9 Maintains Gut Homeostasis Through Preventing Overgrown E. coli
Authors: Wei Jianmei , Zhang Chunze , Gao Yunhuan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Qianjing , Qi Houbao , Jin Mengli , Yang Xiaorong , Su Xiaomin , Zhang Yuan , Yang Rongcun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Increased E. coli in the colon are related to the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. Chemokines are shown to possess potential antimicrobial activity, including against Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens. We here investigated function[s] of chemokine CXCL9 expressed in the gut epithelial cells, and mechanism[s] of CXCL9 by which to kill E. coli.

Methods
We generated CXCL9fl/flpvillin-creT mice [pvillin-cre positive mice] and their control CXCL9fl/flpvillin-crewmice [pvillin-cre negative mice], and then employed a dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-mediated colitis model to determine the sensitivity of CXCL9fl/flpvillin-creT mice. We analysed the composition of the gut microbiota by using 16S ribosomal RNA [V3-V4 variable region] sequencing and shotgun metagenomic analyses. We generated E. coli ΔFtsX [FtsX-depleted E. coli] and E. coli ΔaceE [aceE-depleted E. coli] by using a bacterium red recombining system to investigate the mechanism[s] of CXCL9 by which to kill E. coli.

Results
CXCL9 fl/flpvillin-creTmice were more sensitive to chemically induced colitis than their control littermates, CXCL9fl/flpvillin-crewmice. After DSS treatment, there were markedly increased gut E. coli [Escherichia-Shigella] in the colonic contents of CXCL9fl/flpvillin-creT mice as compared with control CXCL9fl/flpvillin-crew mice. The increased E. coli could promote colitis through NLRC4 and caspase 1/11-mediated IL-18, which was derived from gut epithelial cells. We finally demonstrated that CXCL9 expressed in gut epithelial cells could kill the overgrown E. coli. E. coli expressed Ftsx and PDHc subunits aceE. E.coliΔaceE but not E. coliΔFtsX were resistant to CXCL9-mediated killing.

Conclusions
Gut epithelial cells-derived CXCL9 can kill the expanded E. coli through aceE, to remain gut homeostasis.
Creation of a video library for education and virtual simulation of anatomical lung resection
Authors: Tokuno Junko , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi , Nakao Megumi , Iwakura Masashi , Motoki Tamaki , Matsuda Tetsuya , Date Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recently, preoperative and intraoperative simulation using three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) has attracted much attention in thoracic surgery. However, because conventional three-dimensional CT only shows static images, dynamic simulation is required for a more precise operation. We previously reported on a resection process map for pulmonary resection, which we developed to generate virtual dynamic images from preoperative patient-specific CT scans. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the clinical use of the resection process map for anatomical lung resection.

METHODS
This study included 5 lobectomies for different lobes and 4 representative segmentectomies. Dissection of the pulmonary arteries, veins and bronchi were considered key parts of each procedure. To assess the description of images obtained from the resection process map, relevant clips from the actual surgical videos were collected, retrospectively replicated and superimposed on the resection process map to explain the procedures.

RESULTS
In all surgical procedures, the resection process map successfully and semiautomatically generated a virtual dynamic image from the patient-specific CT data. Moreover, superimposition of the virtual images on the selected clips from the surgical videos showed no major differences.

CONCLUSIONS
The resection process map could generate virtual images that corresponded to the actual surgical videos and has the potential for clinical use as preoperative and intraoperative simulation.
A taxonomic revision of the freshwater crab genusBarytelphusaAlcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species
Authors: Pati Sameer K , Yeo Darren C J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe taxonomy of the gecarcinucid crab genus Barytelphusa Alcock, 1909, native to peninsular India, is revised. The genus was formerly known from as many as 13 species and four varieties. We examined their name-bearing type specimens, and to stabilise their taxonomy, designated lectotypes for Potamon (Potamonautes) jacquemontiRathbun, 1905, Thelphusa guerini H. Milne Edwards, 1853, and Telphusa pocockianaHenderson, 1893, and a neotype for Thelphusa cunicularis Westwood in Sykes, 1836. With most of the species already assigned to other genera in previous works, we restrict Barytelphusa s. str. further to only two species, i.e., Barytelphusa cunicularis (Westwood in Sykes, 1836), and a new species described herein, Barytelphusa inflatasp. nov.Potamon (Potamonautes) jacquemonti, the type species of the genus, is here synonymised with Barytelphusa cunicularis. A new genus, Barusagen. nov., is established to accommodate two species placed previously in Barytelphusa (Thelphusa guerini and Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) mccanniChopra & Das, 1935) and two new species (Barusa gracillimasp. nov. (type species) and Barusa obesasp. nov.). Thelphusa planata A. Milne-Edwards, 1869, and Telphusa pocockiana remain as junior synonyms of Barusa guerini (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) comb. nov.Barusagen. nov. resembles Barytelphusa but can be differentiated by several significant characters of the carapace, antennae, cheliped, male pleon, and male first gonopod. Identification keys to the species of both genera are provided. The taxonomy of Potamon napaeum Alcock, 1909, placed previously in Barytelphusa, and more recently in TravancorianaBott, 1969, is also clarified, and the species is now reassigned to MaydelliathelphusaBott, 1969.
The Ethics of Head Transplant from the Confucian Perspective of Human Virtues
Authors: Li Jianhui , Li Yaming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Head transplantation has ignited intense discussions about whether it should be done scientifically and ethically. This paper examines the ethics of head transplantation from a Confucian perspective and offers arguments against the permissibility of head transplantation. From a Confucian point of view, human beings are the most precious organisms in the world, and ren (benevolence) and li (propriety) are the basic moral principles of human beings. As long as head transplant technology remains underdeveloped, this procedure should not be done because it will pose a serious risk of harm to humans and thus violate the principles of Confucian ren and li. If head transplant technology matures to the point that it would be safe to try in humans, it still should not be performed because it would change the selfhood or identity of the head donor and the body donor and create a new person. Confucian personal virtues greatly depend on selfhood or personal identity, and selfhood or personal identity depend on one’s body cultivation and mind rectification. Through the hard effort of body cultivation and mind rectification, one transforms one’s selfhood or identity and personality. This selfhood, identity, and personality cannot be separated from one’s body but are embedded in one’s body. Thus, head transplant would destroy two persons’ identities and result in a new person, and the characteristics of this new person’s identity are still unknown.
Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm with rupture: an atypical cause of abdominal pain
Authors: Peacock Timothy , Liu Luke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm management has evolved in the last 20 years with a greater emphasis on interventional radiological intervention. This case reviews a 60-year-old lady who had a ruptured superior mesenteric aneurysm resulting in a large mesenteric haematoma.
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with intraoperative administration of indocyanine green for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Is it a useful weapon for pelvic lymph node dissection?
Authors: Baio Raffaele , Intilla Olivier , Di Mauro Umberto , Pane Umberto , Molisso Giovanni , Sanseverino Roberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green has emerging applications in urologic surgery. This technology is strongly used in robotic surgery for several ablative and reconstructive procedures. On the contrary, it is not used at all in the urological laparoscopic surgery. To date, bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection represents the most accurate and reliable staging procedure for the detection of lymph node invasion in prostate cancer and bladder cancer. However, it is not devoid of complications. In this field, indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node identification is an emerging technique, as accurate staging of urologic cancer could be enhanced by an intraoperative lymphatic mapping. Our goal was to show a high spatial resolution, real-time intraoperative imaging technique to recognize the main lymphatic drainage networks, avoiding at same time lymphatic vessel damage. Furthermore, the use of such an imaging system represents an absolute novelty in the field of urological laparoscopy.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum diagnosed by the Macklin effect
Authors: Kumeda Hirotaka , Saito Gaku 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vomiting-induced pneumomediastinum is often caused by oesophageal perforation or alveolar rupture due to increased pressure. A correct diagnosis is important because both diseases have different treatments and severities. We report the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with chest pain and fever after frequent vomiting and had elevated white blood cell counts on blood tests. There was extensive pneumomediastinum, and the lower oesophagus was swollen and thickened on chest computed tomography. An oesophagram was not possible due to severe nausea and vomiting. Accumulation of free air was found along the peripheral bronchi or the pulmonary vascular sheath in the left lower lobe, which was continuous with the mediastinum. Based on the presence of the Macklin effect, we diagnosed a pneumomediastinum with a high possibility of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The Macklin effect is a finding that can likely distinguish oesophageal perforation from spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Sugar conundrum in plant–pathogen interactions: roles of invertase and sugar transporters depend on pathosystems
Authors: Liu Yong-Hua , Song You-Hong , Ruan Yong-Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that CWIN (cell wall invertase) and sugar transporters including STP (sugar transport protein) and SWEET (sugar will eventually be exported transporters) play important roles in plant–pathogen interactions. However, the information available in the literature comes from diverse systems and often yields contradictory findings and conclusions. To solve this puzzle, we provide here a comprehensive assessment of the topic. Our analyses revealed that the regulation of plant–microbe interactions by CWIN, SWEET, and STP is conditioned by the specific pathosystems involved. The roles of CWINs in plant resistance are largely determined by the lifestyle of pathogens (biotrophs versus necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs), possibly through CWIN-mediated salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling and programmed cell death pathways. The up-regulation of SWEETs and STPs may enhance or reduce plant resistance, depending on the cellular sites from which pathogens acquire sugars from the host cells. Finally, plants employ unique mechanisms to defend against viral infection, in part through a sugar-based regulation of plasmodesmatal development or aperture. Our appraisal further calls for attention to be paid to the involvement of microbial sugar metabolism and transport in plant–pathogen interactions, which is an integrated but overlooked component of such interactions.
Astrometric excess noise in Gaia EDR3 and the search for X-ray binaries
Authors: Gandhi P , Buckley D A H , Charles P A , Hodgkin S , Scaringi S , Knigge C , Rao A , Paice J A , Zhao Y 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Astrometric noise (ϵ) in excess of parallax and proper motion is a potential signature of orbital wobble (ω) of individual components in binary star systems. The combination of X-ray selection with astrometric noise could then be a powerful tool for robustly isolating accreting binaries in large surveys. Here, we mine the Gaia EDR3 catalogue for Galactic sources with significant values of astrometric noise over the parameter space expected for known and candidate X-ray binaries (XRBs). Cross-matching our sample with the Chandra Source Catalogue returns a primary sample of ≈6500 X-ray sources with significant ϵ. X-ray detection efficiency for objects with significant ϵ is a factor of ≈4.5 times higher than in a matched control sample exhibiting low ϵ. The primary sample branches off the main sequence much more than control objects in colour–mag space, and includes a higher fraction of known binaries, variables, and young stellar object class types. However, values of ϵ reported in the Gaia pipeline releases so far can exceed expectations for individual XRBs with known semimajor axis size and other system parameters. It is likely that other factors (possibly attitude and modelling uncertainties, as well as source variability) currently dominate the observed excess noise in such systems. Confirmation of their nature must therefore await future Gaia releases. The full X-ray matched catalogue is released here to enable legacy follow-up.
Association Between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Ram-Mohan Nikhil , Kim David , Rogers Angela J , Blish Catherine A , Nadeau Kari C , Blomkalns Andra L , Yang Samuel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Determinants of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 are not known. Here we show that 83.3% of patients with viral RNA in blood (RNAemia) at presentation were symptomatic in the post-acute phase. RNAemia at presentation successfully predicted PASC, independent of patient demographics, worst disease severity, and length of symptoms.
Red dwarf contact binary V0627 Hydrae
Authors: Xu Hu-Shan , Zhu Li-Ying , Thawicharat Sarotsakulchai , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Liu Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew complete light curves in B, V, RC, and IC bands for the short-period eclipsing binary V0627 Hya (period shorter than 0.22 d) are presented. From the longer wavelength to the shorter one, the amplitudes of the light variation become larger. The different height of the successive maxima in each band’s light curve could be seen clearly. We analyzed those multi-wavelength light curves using the Wilson–Devinney code and derived the photometric solutions of V0627 Hya for the first time. It is found that V0627 Hya is a W-type shallow-contact binary. Combined with the GAIA parallax, the absolute parameters of this system are obtained: M1 = 0.31 M⊙, M2 = 0.64 M⊙, R1 = 0.50 R⊙, R2 = 0.69 R⊙, L1 = 0.06 L⊙, L2 = 0.08 L⊙. Thus, V0627 Hya is a new member of the red dwarf contact binary class. The asymmetry in the light curves could be explained by the spot model due to the magnetic activity of its late-type component. The amplitude differences in the different bands’ light curves imply the existence of a cool third body, which is supported by the third light contribution in the photometric solutions. The third body in this system may play an important role in its formation and evolution by removing the angular momentum. More red dwarf contact binaries need to be found and studied, since they are rare and not enough is known to reveal their mysteries at present.
Characterization and associated risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with AIRD: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Zichu , Huang Yanli , Ming Bingxia , Zhong Jixin , Dong Lingli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To explore clinical features of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and identify potential risk factors and prognostic factors.

Methods
AIRD patients who had respiratory symptoms and underwent P. jirovecii detection were identified from the database in our department from November 2018 to October 2020. These patients were categorized into PJP and non-PJP groups according to the diagnostic criteria of PJP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results
A total of 173 patients were enrolled and 46 of them had laboratory-confirmed PJP. Glucocorticoid increased the risk of PJP in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, shorter duration of immunosuppressive therapy (IST), combination therapy with CSA and chronic pulmonary comorbidities were also strongly associated with a higher risk of PJP. Combination of IgM and IgA could well identify AIRD patients with PJP from other AIRD patients with respiratory symptoms, with the optimal cut-off value of −0.96 g/l. Seven of 46 AIRD patients with PJP died (15.2%). A higher level of serum LDH, dyspnoea and ARDS, and the presence of extensive ground glass opacity (GGO) in radiologic examinations were more common in deceased patients.

Conclusions
AIRD patients with high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, recent initiation of IST, combination therapy with CSA and history of chronic pulmonary diseases had a greater risk of PJP infection. PJP patients with a higher level of serum LDH, dyspnoea, moderate and severe ARDS, and the presence of extensive GGO in radiologic examinations had poorer prognosis.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Register; https://www.chictr.org.cn/; ChiCTR2100044095.
The modern application of the rule in Keech v Sandford
Authors: Pawlowski Mark 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article examines the current law on the application of the rule in Keech v Sandford with a view to identifying its scope and ambit, and to argue that, despite earlier caselaw, it should be viewed today as an application of the broad principle of equity that a trustee or fiduciary must not make a profit out of the trust or his fiduciary position.
Pit aspiration causes an apparent loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity in a subalpine fir (Abies mariesiiMast.) overwintering at the alpine timberline
Authors: Maruta Emiko , Yazaki Kenichi , Ogasa Mayumi Y , Taneda Haruhiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConifers growing at the alpine timberline are exposed to combinatorial stresses that induce embolism in xylem during winter. We collected branches of Abies mariesii Mast. at the timberline on Mt Norikura of central Japan to evaluate the seasonal changes in the loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity (percent loss of hydraulic conductivity; PLC). Concurrently, we evaluated the distribution of embolized tracheids in native samples via cryo-scanning electron microscopic (cryo-SEM) observation in comparison with the drought-induced embolism samples used for the vulnerability curve. The twigs collected in late winter showed 100 PLC at a water potential of ~−3 MPa, and air-filled tracheids were observed sporadically in the cryo-SEM images. The cryo-SEM images also showed that nearly all pits of the samples from the timberline were aspirated in the xylem with 100 PLC. Conversely, in drought-induced samples used for vulnerability analysis, lower frequency of aspirated pits was observed at similar water potentials and all tracheids in the earlywood of xylem with 100 PLC were filled with air. We hypothesized that pit aspiration is the primary cause of the pronounced winter xylem conductivity loss at the timberline when water potential is near, but still above, the drought-induced vulnerability threshold. Pit aspiration before water loss may be an adaptation to severe winter conditions at timberlines to prevent widespread xylem embolism. The possible causes of pit aspiration are discussed in relation to complex stresses under harsh winter conditions at timberlines.