bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelargonium Extract EPs 7630 in the Treatment of Human Corona Virus-Associated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections – A Secondary Subgroup-Analysis of an Open-Label, Uncontrolled Clinical Trial
Authors: Keck Tilman , Strobl Andreas , Weinhaeusel Andreas , Funk Petra , Michaelis Martin 
Published: April 2021

Background: Experience in treating human coronavirus (HCoV) infections might help to identify effective compounds against novel coronaviruses. We therefore performed a secondary subgroup-analysis of data from an open-label, uncontrolled clinical trial published in 2015 investigating the proanthocyanidin-rich Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630 in patients with the common cold.Methods: 120 patients with common cold and at least 2 out of 10 common cold symptoms received one film-coated 20 mg tablet EPs 7630 thrice daily for 10 days in an uncontrolled, interventional multicentre trial (ISRCTN65790556). At baseline, viral nucleic acids were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Common cold-associated symptoms and treatment satisfaction were evaluated after 5 days and at treatment end. Based on the data of patients with proof of viral nucleic acids, we compared the course of the disease in patients with or without HCoV infection.Results: In 61 patients, viral nucleic acids were detected. Of these, 23 (37.7%) were tested positive for at least one HCoV (HCoV subset) and 38 (62.3%) for other viruses only (non-HCoV subset). Patients of both subsets showed a significant improvement of common cold symptoms already after 5 days of treatment, although the observed change tended to be more pronounced in the HCoV subset. At treatment end, more than 80% of patients of both groups were completely recovered or majorly improved. In both subsets, less than 22% of patients took concomitant paracetamol for antipyresis. The mean number of patients’ days off work or school/college was similar (0.9 ± 2.6 days in HCoV subset vs 1.3 ± 2.8 days in non-HCoV subset). In both groups, most patients were satisfied or very satisfied with EPs 7630 treatment.Conclusion: EPs 7630 treatment outcomes of common cold patients with confirmed HCoV infection were as favourable as in patients with other viral infections. As this trial was conducted before the pandemic, there is currently no evidence from clinical trials for the efficacy of EPs 7630 in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dedicated non-clinical studies and clinical trials are required to elucidate the potential of EPs 7630 in the early treatment of HCoV infections.
Psychological Health Issues of Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Xie Jun , Liu Qi , Jiang Xiaobing , Manandhar Upasana , Zhu Zhen , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Bo 
Published: April 2021

Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused public panic and psychological health problems, especially in medical staff. We aimed to investigate the psychological effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on medical staff.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the psychological impact of medical staff working in COVID-19 designated hospitals from February to March 2020 in China. We assessed psychological health problems using the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90).Results: Among 656 medical staff, 244 were frontline medical staff and 412 general medical staff. The prevalence of psychological health problems was 19.7%. The SCL-90 scores in frontline medical staff were significantly higher than that in general medical staff (mean: 141.22 vs. 129.54, P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% CI = (1.02, 2.30), P = 0.042 for female vs. male] and the burden of current work [OR = 7.55, 95% CI = (3.75, 15.21), P &lt; 0.001 for high burden; OR = 2.76, 95% CI = (1.80, 4.24), P &lt; 0.001 for moderate burden vs. low burden] were associated with increased risk of poor psychological status.Conclusions: Medical staff experienced a high risk of psychological health problems during the outbreak of COVID-19, especially for frontline medical staff. Psychological health services are expected to arrange for medical staff in future unexpected infectious disease outbreaks.
Availability, Affordability, Access, and Pricing of Anti-cancer Medicines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Ocran Mattila Phyllis , Ahmad Rabbiya , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally accounting for more than half of deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Cancer treatment is expensive and the high prices of cancer medicines have a huge impact on access in LMICs. Scarcity of pricing or affordability data is one of the major barriers in the development of effective and transparent pricing policies in LMICs. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding pricing, availability, affordability, and access to anti-cancer medicines in LMICs.Method: A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases: PubMed, Medline/CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, Springer Links, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The literature (from 2015 to 2020) was reviewed to identify original research articles published in English.Results: A total of 13 studies were included in the review with some having multiple outcomes: five studies on pricing, four studies addressed affordability, five studies reported on availability, and four studies on access to anti-cancer medicines. The studies showed that in LMICs, there are wide variations in cancer prices and availability amongst the medicine brands and across different countries, with less affordability by patients with low-income levels, sometimes leading to treatment abandonment.Conclusion: Given the importance of medicine availability and prices in patient access and medicine buying capacity of governments, multi-pronged policy and program approaches by multiple stakeholders are needed to ensure access to cancer medicines.
Differences in Beliefs About Cholesterol-Lowering Medications Among the Visegrad Group Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Boruzs Klára , Fekete Zita , Dombrádi Viktor , Bányai Gábor , Nagy Attila , Horne Robert , Bíró Klára 
Published: April 2021

Background: New cholesterol guidelines highlight more personalized risk assessments and new cholesterol-lowering drugs for people at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease. Adherence due to fear of and lack of trust in medications prevents treatment to provide better health outcomes.Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the possible differences in the beliefs about the necessity and concerns regarding lipid-lowering drugs among the Visegrad Group countries.Methods: The Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ-Specific) was used in our research. The responses of 205 Hungarian, 200 Slovak, 235 Czech, and 200 Polish participants, all taking cholesterol-lowering medications, were compared to each other.Results: Hungarian participants' belief in the necessity of cholesterol-lowering drugs was significantly lower compared to the Slovak (P = 0.001), Czech (P = 0.037), and Polish (P &lt; 0.001) participants. While no difference was observed between the Czech and Slovak responses (P = 0.154), both the Czech (P &lt; 0.001) and Slovak (P = 0.006) respondents' belief regarding necessity was lower than that of the Polish. Regarding concerns, the only significant difference was observed between the Czech and the Polish respondents (P = 0.011).Conclusions: While the beliefs about benefits (necessity) are most prominent among the Polish participants, except in comparison to Czech responses, the Visegrad Group countries do not differ considerably regarding their beliefs about the fear (concerns) of the treatment.
Major Amputation Profoundly Increases Mortality in Patients With Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Vuorlaakso Miska , Kiiski Juha , Salonen Tapani , Karppelin Matti , Helminen Mika , Kaartinen Ilkka 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: An acute diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious condition and a leading cause of hospitalization and major amputation in patients with diabetes. Aim of this study was to evaluate the long term survival and risk factors for death and amputation after the DFI requiring hospital treatment.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study included all adult patients hospitalized for DFI treatments during 2010–2014. Overall survival (OS) and amputation free survival (AFS) (without major amputation) was calculated. We performed a Cox regression analysis of several clinical parameters to evaluate the effects of clinical parameters on overall and amputation-free survival.Results: Total of 324 patients with mean age of 66.8 (SD 12.8) years were included. The one- and five-year OS after DFI 81.2% (95%CI 77.5–84.9%) and 49.7% (95%CI 44.8–54.6%), respectively. Major amputation, wound ischemia, older age, and a low glomerular filtration rate reduced the OS after DFI. After a major amputation, the one- and five-year OS was 41.7% (95%CI 13.9–69.5) and 8.3% (95%CI 0.0–24.0%), respectively. Wound ischemia, older age, and elevated C-reactive protein reduced AFS. In contrast, hypertensive medication use was identified as a protective factor.Conclusion: Mortality after a DFI remains high and is significantly increased after a major amputation. Findings highlight the importance of early wound and ischemia management for DFI prevention.
Lymphoma of the Uvula: Clinical, Morphological, Histopathological, and Genetic Characterization. A Nationwide Danish Study From 1980 to 2019
Authors: Iversen Lars , Eriksen Patrick Rene Gerhard , Andreasen Simon , Clasen-Linde Erik , Homøe Preben , Wessel Irene , von Buchwald Christian , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: April 2021

Background: In the head and neck region the uvula is a rare site for extranodal lymphomas to develop. In this national study, we present six cases and provide an overview of the current literature, characterizing the clinical and histopathological features of lymphomas involving this location.Materials and Methods: Clinical information was obtained retrospectively from patient records in a nationwide Danish study covering from 1980 through 2019. In order to validate the diagnoses, uvular tissue specimens were examined histologically and immunohistochemically and if relevant for subtyping, cytogenetic rearrangements were investigated.Results: We present six cases of lymphomas involving the uvula, of which four of the cases were diagnosed with a B-cell lymphoma (two diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, one extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and one Mantle cell lymphoma), while two were diagnosed with a T-cell lymphoma (one peripheral T-cell lymphoma and one natural killer/T-cell lymphoma). Presenting symptoms included swelling, pain and ulceration of the uvula. Treatment was comprised of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, with T-cell lymphomas showing a poorer outcome than B-cell lymphomas.Conclusion: Lymphoma of the uvula is rare, with few case reports being reported in the literature. The most frequent histological subtypes reported are extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. When encountering a swollen, painful and/or ulcerated uvula, the clinician should always consider malignancy as a possible cause. Lymphoma of the uvula is a possible diagnosis and if this is the case, there is a high risk of disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis.
A Novel mHealth Monitoring System during Cycling in Elite Athletes
Authors: Iliadis Alexandros , Tomovic Milena , Dervas Dimitrios , Psymarnou Markella , Christoulas Kosmas , Kouidi Evangelia Joseph , Deligiannis Asterios Pantazis 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cycling is a very demanding physical activity that may create various health disorders during an athlete’s career. Recently, smart mobile and wearable technologies have been used to monitor physiological responses and possible disturbances during physical activity. Thus, the application of mHealth methods in sports poses a challenge today. This study used a novel mobile-Health method to monitor athletes’ physiological responses and to detect health disorders early during cycling in elite athletes. Methods: Sixteen high-level cyclists participated in this study, which included a series of measurements in the laboratory; health and performance assessments; and then application in the field of mHealth monitoring in two training seasons, at the beginning of their training period and in the race season. A field monitoring test took place during 30 min of uphill cycling with the participant’s heart rate at the ventilatory threshold. During monitoring periods, heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and electrocardiogram were monitored via the mHealth system. Moreover, the SpO2 was estimated continuously, and the symptoms during effort were reported. Results: A significant correlation was found between the symptoms reported by the athletes in the two field tests and the findings recorded with the application of the mHealth monitoring method. However, from the pre-participation screening in the laboratory and from the spiroergometric tests, no abnormal findings were detected that were to blame for the appearance of the symptoms. Conclusions: The application of mHealth monitoring during competitive cycling is a very useful method for the early recording of cardiac and other health disorders of athletes, whose untimely evaluation could lead to unforeseen events.
Effect of a 6-Week Physical Education Intervention on Motor Competence in Pre-School Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Navarro-Patón Rubén , Martín-Ayala Juan Luis , Martí González Mariacarla , Hernández Alba , Mecías-Calvo Marcos 
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of an intervention program performed by a specialist in physical education (PE) to contribute to the development of motor competence (MC) in pre-school children with motor development problems. The sample consisted of 28 children (12 from the intervention group and 16 from the control group) aged between 4.1 and 5.9 years (mean = 4.71 ± 0.54) who were in the fifth and sixth grades of pre-school education in two schools from Lugo, Spain. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used for data collection. The data revealed that, in the pre- and post-test intervention groups, there are statistically significant differences in manual dexterity (p < 0.001; d = 2.63), aiming and catching (p < 0.002; d = 1.13), balance (p < 0.001; d = 1.68), total test score (p < 0.001; d = 3.30) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; d = 1.88). Between the control and intervention post-test groups, significant differences were found in manual dexterity (p = 0.015; η2 = 0.22), aiming and catching (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.32), balance (p = 0.050; η2 = 0.15), total test score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.47) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48). Based on the results obtained, a specific MC program implemented by a PE specialist contributed to the improvement of manual dexterity, aiming and catching and balance, as well as a better percentile in the general MC of pre-school children diagnosed with motor skill problems.
Electrical Breakdown Spectroscopy of Nano-/Micro-Thermites
Authors: Lundgaard Stefan , Ng Soon Hock , Cahill Damien , Dahlberg Johan , Allender Jamie , Barber Michael , Stephens Joshua , Juodkazis Saulius 
Published: April 2021

We describe the optical and electrical analysis of a micro-explosion of silicon and micro-thermite micro-bridges with a spectral temporal resolution within a 2 ms time range. The intensity of peaks and their mean lifetimes are calculated to identify the contributing atomic and molecular species. Singly ionised atoms and molecules were the main contributor to spectroscopic signature of emission. It is shown that micro-bridges can be used to characterise small (safe) < 10 mg amounts of energetic materials. Use of ions at low ionisation numbers of Si as well as Cu-oxides with different metal-to-oxygen ratios allows the thermal conditions for micro-explosions and a higher temperature of the discharge plasma to be engineered. Temperatures of 5000 ± 500 K (the black-body radiation fit) were achieved with simple micro-bridge junctions of 10–30 Ω resistance initiated with 100–250 V (triggered capacitor discharge). The demonstrated approach can be applied in material science research concerning ultra-fast melting, phase transitions, and detailed steps leading towards detonation (exponentially growing exothermic chemical reactions).
PROGRAMAS INTEGRADOS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS: CASO DE APLICAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE UNG, (SP).
Authors: Macena Lincoln Villas Boas , Arruda Regina De Oliveira Moraes , Oliveira Antonio Manoel Dos Santos 
Published: April 2021

A partir de maio de 2012, por meio de parâmetros avaliativos, descritos em instrumento de indicadores e destinados a mensurar a qualidade dos cursos superiores de graduação presencial e a distância no país, o poder público iniciou ação efetiva de exigência ao cumprimento da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente que, dentre outras ações, legislada desde 1981, previa oferta obrigatória de Educação Ambiental em todos os níveis de ensino, incluindo a educação superior. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de apresentar uma metodologia para a disciplina de programas integrados, a fim de cumprir as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Ambiental em cursos de graduação. Para tanto foi utilizado o Método VERAH (vegetação, erosão, resíduo, água e habitação) de Educação Ambiental, desenvolvido na Universidade UNG, sob a forma de pesquisa por estudo de caso, para o curso de bacharelado de Direito. Os estudantes foram divididos em grupos organizados por temas e orientados sobre a questão ambiental com utilização de mapas geoprocessados, petições judiciais, sentenças judiciais e pareceres técnicos municipais. Após essa etapa foi realizada a visita na área objeto gerando um Relatório Diagnóstico com problemas e propostas. Como resultado observou-se atendimento às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Ambiental caracterizada pela assimilação conceitual dos componentes ambientais pesquisados e resultando em projeto diagnóstico sobre as condições de preservação do meio ambiente do entorno da instituição. Com isso pode-se validar o método como mecanismo de interação dos estudantes com os conceitos ambientais e, portanto, ao cumprimento institucional da Política de Educação Ambiental de modo transvesal e interdisciplinar.
SISTEM PEMANAS INDUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOLENOID COIL DAN MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Kurniati Sri , Syam Sudirman , Bantoruan Febri Lumban 
Published: April 2021

Pemanas induksi memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kumparan induksi, di ameter kumparan, benda kerja, dan beban yang dipanaskan. Ketiga faktor ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik pemanas yang dibuat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh kinerja pemanas terhadap perubahan diameter dan jumlah lilitan kumparan induksinya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental, dengan membuat sistem pemanas induksi dan melakukan pengujian terhadap pemanas yang telah dibuat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengujian suhu 1000C tanpa beban terhadap waktu pemanasan adalah 1,32 menit pada diameter benda kerja 7 cm dengan 7 lilitan. Ini adalah waktu tersingkat dibanding dengan diamater 7 cm dengan 12 lilitan yakni 2,22 menit. Selanjutnya, pada pengujian dengan beban terhadap waktu, dengan volume air 231mL diperoleh waktu pemanasan 2,79 4 menit. Selain itu, energi terkecil yang digunakan dalam waktu yang singkat ini adalah 83,89 kJ.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid
Authors: Anggraeny Ebta Narasukma , Sunarsih Endang Sri , Wibowo Patricia Sanggita Listyoputri , Elisa Novi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid; jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT