bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of thermal processing time on various quality attributes of meatballs (rista) during storage
Authors: Mir Sajad Ahmad , Wani Shoib Mohmad , Masoodi Farooq Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMeatballs (rista) being processed traditionally suffer loss in nutrient, textural, and sensory value. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal processing time on texture, cooking attributes, collagen solubility, and proximate composition of meatballs. Meatballs were processed at 121°C for 20 min (T1), 25 min (T2), and 30 min (T3). Meatballs hot‐filled at 100°C acted as control (C). The values for conjugated dienes ranged from 0.43 to 2.12 μmol/mg over a period of 12 months of storage in the case of T1 sample. However, the value of collagen solubility varied from 12.17 to 26.16% and carbonyl content from 0.19 to 9.14 nmol/mg protein, respectively. The tyrosine value at the 12th month of storage for T1, T2, and T3 was 1.53, 1.28, and 0.92 mg/kg, respectively, which was significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than the initial values. The overall quality attributes of T1 were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher among all samples.Practical applicationsThe traditional meatballs (rista) are among the commonly consumed processed meat products. These meatballs are preferred over raw meat and stored for a longer duration when abundantly available. A need was felt to standardize the time of processing in order to avoid the undesirable changes during the processing of meatballs at a higher temperature for a longer period. Processing meatballs (rista) for a longer time at a higher temperature not only causes quality degradation but also results in loss of nutritive value. The standardized time–temperature combination will result in retaining the quality attributes of the processed meat when stored for a longer duration. This method can be applicable at the local and industrial levels.
Effect of whey protein isolate addition on thermoplasticized pectin packaging properties
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Carolina Salgado , de Oliveira Begali Danielly , Ferreira Laura Fonseca , Ugucioni Julio Cesar , de Sena Neto Alfredo Rodrigues , Yoshida Maria Irene , Borges Soraia Vilela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPectin is a natural polysaccharide from plants and the peel of some fruits and is available as a byproduct from the fruit juice industry. Whey protein isolate (WPI) is available as a byproduct of cheese production. Both the pectin and WPI are biodegradable polymers, atoxic, biocompatible, and not expensive. The aim of this article was the study the effect of the WPI addition (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) on thermoplasticized extruded/thermo‐compressed pectin film (TPP). The films were compact and homogenous and did not present statistical differences in mechanical properties, independent of WPI concentration. Furthermore, infrared spectra of the samples with WPI presented an indication of Maillard reaction by the characteristic presence of melanoidin, which was also observed in colorimetric results. Thermogravimetric results indicated the samples were thermal stable with the increase of WPI amount. Moreover, the barrier properties and contact angles suggested the films presented major barrier properties and hydrophilic surfaces for samples with WPI. Finally, the addition of WPI in TPP resulted in a potential material for applications in several industries.Practical applicationsPectin and whey protein isolate (WPI) are biodegradable polymers and byproducts of the food industry. The aim of this article was the study the effect of the WPI addition on thermoplasticized extruded/thermo‐compressed pectin film (TPP), in other words, packagings produced by the industrial method. The samples with WPI presented an indicative of Maillard reaction by the presence of melanoidin, which was also observed in color. The addition of WPI in TPP resulted in a potential material for applications in several industries.
Carbonated wollastonite – An effective supplementary cementitious material?
Authors: Leemann Andreas , Winnefeld Frank , Münch Beat , Läng Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbonated wollastonite clinker (CS) may be suitable as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for mortar and concrete. The microstructure of unground CS clinker, carbonated CS slurry and a mortar blended with carbonated CS are investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, a reference mortar with pure Portland cement and one with a cement replacement level of 30 mass‐% by carbonated CS are produced to assess its contribution to compressive strength development. The calcium silicates are decalcified during carbonation resulting in CaCO3 and amorphous SiO2. The latter reacts when used as SCM in mortar influencing the Ca/Si ratio of calcium‐silicate‐hydrate and contributing to compressive strength development.
Contexts of reproduction: Gender dynamics and unintended birth in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Bras Hilde , Smits Jeroen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how women's chances of having an unintended birth is related to gender inequalities in education, employment, intra‐household decision‐making, and norms at individual, household, and community levels in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).BackgroundWomen in SSA have the highest rates of unintended births in the world, often with severe implications for the health and well‐being of families. A comprehensive understanding of how gender dynamics are associated with their chances of unintended birth is however lacking.MethodMultilevel binomial logistic regression models of unintended birth were estimated with harmonized data from 123 Demographic and Health Surveys including 534,533 married women living in 43,136 communities within 39 SSA countries over the period 1992–2019.ResultsThe odds of unintended birth are higher among higher‐educated women, women with a small age difference with their husband, and women living in communities with more higher‐educated women, and better (reproductive) health facilities. These women are more willing to acknowledge a birth as unintended. In communities where women are relatively more educated than their husband and in households where husbands and wives are equal in terms of education, higher occupational status, and fertility preferences, odds of unintended birth are lower.ConclusionUnintended birth is a complex reproductive experience related to local gender systems, women's relative position in intra‐household power relations, and their willingness to acknowledge a birth as unintended.ImplicationsImproving gender equality at household level may result in women's improved reproductive health. However, outcomes are also strongly shaped by the local gender system.
Posaconazole treatment of refractory coccidioidomycosis in dogs
Authors: Shubitz Lisa F. , Schlacks Sallianne , Vishkautsan Polina , Butkiewicz Christine D. , Worthing Kate A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of dogs with coccidioidomycosis recover with administration of fluconazole or itraconazole, although some cases are refractory or the dogs do not tolerate administration of these medications.ObjectivesThe objective was to describe the treatment outcomes and therapeutic monitoring of 8 dogs with refractory coccidioidomycosis treated with posaconazole.AnimalsEight dogs with refractory coccidioidomycosis.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records from Veterinary Specialty Center of Tucson were searched to identify dogs with refractory coccidioidomycosis that were treated with posaconazole. Clinical information and the results of monitoring trough serum posaconazole concentrations were retrieved.ResultsEight dogs with refractory coccidioidomycosis were treated with 2.5 to 10 mg/kg per day of posaconazole. Six of 8 dogs recovered or developed clinical remission while administered posaconazole. Thirteen serum concentrations from 8 dogs tested were >1 μg/mL (range, 1.52 to >6 μg/mL) and the drug was well‐tolerated by 7 dogs. One dog required dosage reductions and treatment was ultimately discontinued because of hepatotoxicosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePosaconazole should be considered as a treatment option for dogs with refractory coccidioidomycosis. Monitoring of indicators of liver function or injury along with therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to tailor dosage in the event of hepatic toxicosis.
Spatial mapping memory: methods used to determine the existence and type of cognitive maps in arboreal mammals
Authors: Rolland Eléonore , Trull Sam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Researchers have used multiple methods to understand spatial mapping memory used by arboreal mammals for orientation: the change‐point test, measures of path tortuosity, field experiments with feeding platforms, nearest‐neighbour feeding tree methods, complex calculations of travel route parameters, and theoretical models.

This literature review provides details of all of these methods, highlights previous results from spatial mapping memory studies, and discusses perspectives for future studies.

Previous studies have shown that various arboreal mammals, mostly in the order Primates, can memorise spatial environments using a cognitive map. Two types of maps are characterised: the topological map, based on landmarks and reused routes, and the Euclidean map, including the ability to create shortcuts by measuring distances and distinguishing between directions. Most of the studies showed that mammals do not travel randomly but, due to the difficulty of determining which spatial map is used, the use of cognitive maps remains hypothetical.

When studying spatial mapping memory, data collection and analysis should account for the species’ characteristics, such as the home‐range size, food preferences, and types of movements. The role of sensory cues (visual, auditory, olfactory) is crucial to understanding spatial orientation. The most relevant way to determine how arboreal mammals orientate themselves in space is by using a mix of methods: random theoretical models, collecting data in a controlled environment, measuring different parameters of travel patterns, and considering the use of sensory cues and environmental factors of the study sites.

Research pertaining to spatial mapping memory in arboreal mammals and forest‐dwelling mammals is important for understanding cognitive abilities in mammal species, and more studies are needed in mammals of various orders.
Defence by duplication: The relation between phenotypic glyphosate resistance and EPSPS gene copy number variation in Amaranthus palmeri
Authors: Yakimowski Sarah B. , Teitel Zachary , Caruso Christina M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGene copy number variation (CNV) has been increasingly associated with organismal responses to environmental stress, but we know little about the quantitative relation between CNV and phenotypic variation. In this study we quantify the relation between variation in EPSPS (5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase) copy number using digital drop PCR and variation in phenotypic glyphosate resistance in 22 populations of Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer Amaranth), a range‐expanding agricultural weed. Overall, we detected a significant positive relation between population mean copy number and resistance. The majority of populations exhibited high glyphosate resistance yet maintained low‐resistance individuals, resulting in bimodality in many populations. We also investigated threshold models for the relation between copy number and resistance, and found evidence for a threshold of ~15 EPSPS copies: there was a steep increase in resistance below the threshold, followed by a much shallower increase. Across 924 individuals, as copy number increased the range of variation in resistance decreased, yielding an increasing frequency of high phenotypic resistance individuals. Among populations we detected a decline in variation (s.d.) as mean phenotypic resistance increased from moderate to high, consistent with the prediction that as phenotypic resistance increases in populations, stabilizing selection decreases variation in the trait. Our study demonstrates that populations of A. palmeri can harbour wide variation in EPSPS copy number and phenotypic glyphosate resistance, reflecting the history of, and template for future, resistance evolution.
Results from a national survey on COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis in Germany: 13 patients from six tertiary hospitals
Authors: Seidel Danila , Simon Michaela , Sprute Rosanne , Lubnow Matthias , Evert Katja , Speer Claudius , Seeßle Jessica , Khatamzas Elham , Merle Uta , Behrens Christopher , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Enghard Philipp , Haas Christian S. , Steinmann Joerg , Kurzai Oliver , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases are reported from India and neighbouring countries. Anecdotally cases from Europe have been presented.ObjectiveTo estimate the disease burden and describe the clinical presentation of CAM in Germany.MethodsWe identified cases through German mycology networks and scientific societies, and collected anonymised clinical information via FungiScope®.ResultsWe identified 13 CAM cases from six tertiary referral hospitals diagnosed between March 2020 and June 2021. Twelve patients had severe or critical COVID‐19, eleven were mechanically ventilated for a median of 8 days (range 1‐27 days) before diagnosis of CAM. Eleven patients received systemic corticosteroids. Additional underlying medical conditions were reported for all but one patient, five were immunocompromised because of malignancy or organ transplantation, three were diabetic. Eleven patients developed pneumonia. Mortality was 53.8% with a median time from diagnosis of mucormycosis to death of 9 days (range 0–214 days) despite treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and/or isavuconazole in 10 of 13 cases. CAM prevalence amongst hospitalised COVID‐19 patients overall (0.67% and 0.58% in two centres) and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (1.47%, 1.78% and 0.15% in three centres) was significantly higher compared to non‐COVID‐19 patients (P < .001 for respective comparisons).ConclusionCOVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis is rare in Germany, mostly reported in patients with comorbidities and impaired immune system and severe COVID‐19 treated in the ICU with high mortality compared to mainly rhino‐orbito‐cerebral CAM in patients with mild COVID‐19 in India. Risk for CAM is higher in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients than in other patients.
Affliction And Resignation in George Herbert: Reflections on Human Agency In A Global Pandemic
Authors: Myers Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper reflects on the context of lockdown in a global pandemic, where entire populations have experienced severe curtailments of the opportunity to exercise agency. The experience has made me notice the surprisingly large role that resignation has played in Christian moral thinking in earlier ages. This paper takes the devotional poetry of George Herbert as a case study, since Herbert had a particular preoccupation with the psychology of religious belief in circumstances where the will cannot be deployed to any end. Herbert reflects on the predicament in which the moral life has to continue even though opportunities for the exercise of agency have collapsed. After examining Herbert's poems of affliction, I conclude by setting out a brief case for understanding resignation as a moral practice – a practice that centres not on the will but on imagination and the emotions.
Modeling and control of Mongolian forest utilization: Impact of illegal logging
Authors: Gompil Battur , Tseveen Batchuluun , Almasbek Janerke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDepletion and deforestation of forest resources are mainly due to industrialization, population, pollution, forest fire, improper commercial logging, and illegal logging in the world. In this paper, we consider two dynamic models. A mathematical Model 1 is proposed considering the forest biomass density , the density of wood‐based industries with unknown parameter . Model 2 is an extension of Model 1 with the density of illegal logging with unknown parameter . It is assumed that the density of forest biomass grows logistically in the absence of wood‐based industries and illegal logging. In the proposed models, the controlling parameters and are crucial parameters for the local stable conditions of the equilibrium points and system control. We also show in this paper that it is possible to control illegal logging by increasing the level of logging by selecting system parameters efficiently and effectively.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Depletion and deforestation of Mongolian forest resource are mainly due to forest fire, illegal logging. We consider mathematical models of forest depletion due to forest operation and illegal logging.
Mongolian forest's current situation is that the rate of illegal logging is higher than the wood‐based industries. We show that this situation can be changed by changing the parameters.
Based on the mathematical modeling and statistical analysis, we define the upper bound of the rate of resources of the wood‐based industries.
We also presented that it is possible to control the parameters efficiently. The result suggests that to approximate the limit of wood utilized for the nationwide supply from the government it is necessary to increase the current amount of forest utility considering the actual forest resources and demands.
Plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit Alpha1 is involved in galactolipid biosynthesis required for amyloplast development in rice
Authors: Lei Jie , Teng Xuan , Wang Yongfei , Jiang Xiaokang , Zhao Huanhuan , Zheng Xiaoming , Ren Yulong , Dong Hui , Wang Yunlong , Duan Erchao , Zhang Yuanyan , Zhang Wenwei , Yang Hang , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Rongbo , Zhang Yu , Yu Mingzhou , Xu Shanbin , Bao Xiuhao , Zhang Pengcheng , Liu Shijia , Liu Xi , Tian Yunlu , Jiang Ling , Wang Yihua , Wan Jianmin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryStarch accounts for over 80% of the total dry weight in cereal endosperm and determines the kernel texture and nutritional quality. Amyloplasts, terminally differentiated plastids, are responsible for starch biosynthesis and storage. We screened a series of rice mutants with floury endosperm to clarify the mechanism underlying amyloplast development and starch synthesis. We identified the floury endosperm19 (flo19) mutant which shows opaque of the interior endosperm. Abnormal compound starch grains (SGs) were present in the endosperm cells of the mutant. Molecular cloning revealed that the FLO19 allele encodes a plastid‐localized pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit α1 (ptPDC‐E1‐α1) that is expressed in all rice tissues. In vivo enzyme assays demonstrated that the flo19 mutant showed decreased activity of the plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In addition, the amounts of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were much lower in the developing flo19 mutant endosperm, suggesting that FLO19 participates in fatty acid supply for galactolipid biosynthesis in amyloplasts. FLO19 overexpression significantly increased seed size and weight, but did not affect other important agronomic traits, such as panicle length, tiller number and seed setting rate. An analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism data from a panel of rice accessions identified that the pFLO19L haplotype was positively associated with grain length, implying a potential application in rice breeding. In summary, our study demonstrates that FLO19 is involved in galactolipid biosynthesis which is essential for amyloplast development and starch biosynthesis in rice.
CRISPR‐BETS: a base‐editing design tool for generating stop codons
Authors: Wu Yuechao , He Yao , Sretenovic Simon , Liu Shishi , Cheng Yanhao , Han Yangshuo , Liu Guanqing , Bao Yu , Fang Qing , Zheng Xuelian , Zhou Jianping , Qi Yiping , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tao 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCytosine base editors (CBEs) can install a predefined stop codon at the target site, representing a more predictable and neater method for creating genetic knockouts without altering the genome size. Due to the enhanced predictability of the editing outcomes, it is also more efficient to obtain homozygous mutants in the first generation. With the recent advancement of CBEs on improved editing activity, purify and specificity in plants and animals, base editing has become a more appealing technology for generating knockouts. However, there is a lack of design tools that can aid the adoption of CBEs for achieving such a purpose, especially in plants. Here, we developed a user‐friendly design tool named CRISPR‐BETS (base editing to stop), which helps with guide RNA (gRNA) design for introducing stop codons in the protein‐coding genes of interest. We demonstrated in rice and tomato that CRISPR‐BETS is easy‐to‐use, and its generated gRNAs are highly specific and efficient for generating stop codons and obtaining homozygous knockout lines. While we tailored the tool for the plant research community, CRISPR‐BETS can also serve non‐plant species.
Introduction of the Effective Photon Concentration Variable for Studying the Mechanism of Crystal Violet Photodegradation
Authors: Arabameri Mojtaba , Bashiri Hadis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have proposed a new approach to study the mechanism of crystal violet (CV) photodegradation on TiO2 surface using kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The TiO2 surface was considered as a set of reactive centers, which is essential in dye photodegradation. A new variable "the effective photon concentration" (Ieff) is defined. A detailed chemical understanding of the photocatalytic reaction is provided. This approach provides a simple and effective method to find the optimal conditions of the studied system. This goal was achieved by investigating the effects of some operational parameters, including initial concentration of CV, pH, loading TiO2, light intensity and volume, on the degradation percent, and also, on the effective photon concentration. The perfect agreements between the experimental and simulated data at different conditions confirmed the proposed approach for describing the CV photodestruction. Also, the simulation results indicated that: (1) a significant fraction of the scattered UV irradiation into the reaction vessel does not lead to charge carrier generation; (2) the generation and recombination of charge carriers have crucial roles in the photodegradation. This is the first time that a method based on the reactive centers is employed to investigate the dye degradation by a photocatalyst.
ASMTL‐AS1 impedes the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating SAT1 to promote ferroptosis
Authors: Sui Xiujie , Hu Na , Zhang Ze , Wang Yirong , Wang Pengbo , Xiu Guanghong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is difficult to cureradically. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LUAD are a hotspot in molecular research, however, the role of lncRNA ASMTL‐AS1 in LUAD is still unknown. Our study explores the role and mechanisms of ASMTL‐AS1 in LUAD. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR or western blot was utilized to analyze the expression of RNAs or proteins. The influences of ASMTL‐AS1 and SAT1 on LUAD cells were analyzed by functional assays. Biological instruments were applied to observe ferroptosis‐related markers. In vivo assays were performed to uncover the impact of ASMTL‐AS1 on LUAD. Moreover, mechanism assays were done to confirm the relationship among ASMTL‐AS1, SAT1 and U2AF2. Results showed that ASMTL‐AS1 was down‐regulated in LUAD cells and ASMTL‐AS1 up‐regulation resulted in retarded LUAD cell and xenograft tumor growth along with stimulated ferroptosis. ASMTL‐AS1 recruited U2AF2 to stabilize SAT1 mRNA. Furthermore, SAT1 exerted a cancer suppressor role in LUAD cells. In conclusion, we first demonstrated that ASMTL‐AS1 positively regulated SAT1 to promote ferroptosis and could stabilize SAT1 mRNA via recruiting U2AF2, shedding a light on a novel molecular mechanism in LUAD progression.