bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chine/Japon : redéfinir les termes de la coexistence
Authors: Pajon Céline 
Published: June 2021

Face à la Chine, le Japon adopte une posture ménageant sa coopération économique avec Pékin, assurant la dissuasion de ses stratégies agressives, et sa sécurité économique globale : sécurisation des approvisionnements, autonomie du développement technologique… L’alliance nippo-américaine, renforcée et articulée à des accords régionaux, vise à former un contrepoids systémique à la Chine. Le raidissement des relations américano-chinoises pourrait rendre la posture d’équilibre de Tokyo plus difficile à tenir.
Détroit d’Ormuz : la guerre des nerfs
Authors: Paglia Morgan 
Published: June 2021

En cas de conflit majeur, l’Iran pourrait décider de fermer le détroit d’Ormuz, ce qui provoquerait une crise énergétique mondiale. La République islamique a les moyens militaires d’imposer temporairement un tel blocus, mais sa capacité à le faire durer pose question. Pour faire face à l’escalade qu’engendrerait cette décision, elle devrait sans doute recourir aux autres éléments de sa « triade dissuasive » : le terrorisme et l’embrasement régional par l’intermédiaire de ses proxies .
Mots scolaires et modèle éducatif
Authors: Garcia Alain 
Published: June 2021

Pour tenter de définir le modèle éducatif français, nous ciblons quatre termes courants dans les collèges et lycées publics. « Vie scolaire », « administration », « autorité » et « pédagogie » semblent en effet naturalisées et préservées des questionnements. Ces quatre notions, pourtant, témoignent de constructions sémantiques et d’enjeux idéologiques. Bien que polysémiques, les formules « vie scolaire », « administration » et « autorité » affirment en effet le même ordre scolaire, la même hiérarchie de valeurs, les mêmes rangs statutaires et les mêmes pouvoirs fonctionnels. La coupure entre enseignants et non-enseignants est, de ce point de vue, le premier enseignement de l’École. À cette logique duale répond un autre fait : au centre de l’activité scolaire, la « pédagogie » est rarement évoquée dans ses aspects pratiques. Pour préserver, peut-être, le huis clos des cours et les aléas de leur mise en œuvre, les personnels de l’enseignement secondaire parlent de « pédagogie » dans une acception réifiée et quasi immobile : le sens des formules « équipe pédagogique », « liberté pédagogique » ou pédagogie en actes n’est donc pas débattu. Tronçonnée en horaires, acteurs et apprentissages isolés, l’éducation offerte aux élèves semble finalement peu cohérente et peu intégratrice.
Emission characterization of diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel its blends and diesel
Authors: Musa Nicholas A. , Teran Georgina M. , Yaman Saraki A. 
Published: June 2021

The use of biodiesel in running diesel has been called for, with a view to mitigating the environmental pollution, depletion, cost and scarcity associated with the use diesel in running diesel engine. So the need to characterize the emissions from these biodiesel, cannot be overemphasized, hence this paper presents the evaluation of the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) from diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel, its blends and diesel for comparison. The result of the evaluation showed that NOX emission increased with increase in percentage of the biodiesel in the blend, while PM, CO, HC decreased with increase in the percentage biodiesel in the blend. In comparison with diesel, diesel has the least emission of NOX and the highest emission of PM, CO and HC.Keywords: Diesel engine, diesel, coconut oil biodiesel, blends, emissions
Gas flaring: Carbon dioxide contribution to global warming
Authors: Amaechi Chika Floyd , Biose Ekene 
Published: June 2021

Within 1950 - 2004 the earth recorded a considerable increase in its average ambient temperature. This was however due to increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions resulting from high consumption of fossil fuels. Flaring been a source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, is a concern to skeptics and local oil producing communities as a significant contributor to global warming, environmental degradation, health risk and economic loss. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the impacts of gas flaring on global warming and the local oil producing communities. The study adopted the quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The quantitative method involved using results complied by researchers of the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center showing the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (1950 -2004) from various sources to determine the impact carbon dioxide from flaring has had on global warming. The determination was done using a computer software (excel). The qualitative method on the other hand involved the use of case study literatures to examine and review the impacts gas flaring has on the local oil producing communities. The quantitative method of analysis showed that carbon dioxide from gas flaring constitute 1% of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide which was considered insignificant, whilst the case study review of the qualitative method showed that gas flaring cause environmental degradation, health risks and constitute financial loss to the local oil producing communities. The research went ahead to refute the argument that gas flaring causes global warming, however acknowledging that it causes environmental degradation, health risks and economic loss to the local oil producing communities.
On-site assessment of environmental and sanitary qualities of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWH) in a rural community in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Igbinosa Isoken H. , Osemwengie Osahon V. 
Published: June 2021

Around fifty percent of individuals living in underdeveloped countries lack safe drinking water and sanitation. Occasionally their water sources get contaminated with their waste leading to an elevated level of distress. The improvement of water supply, sanitation, hygiene and management of water resources can hugely prevent up to one-tenth of the global disease burden. On-site assessment of environmental and sanitary qualities of rainwater harvesting system (RWH) in households was carried out using a structured questionnaire. The structural assessment of the rainwater harvesting system showed that corrugated iron sheet was the roof type used in all sites surveyed. Also all the rainwater harvesting (RWH) system surveyed was found to have gutters, although the condition of the gutters varied: good (15%), fair (65%) and poor (20%). The harvested rainwater reservoir was mainly made of concrete (90%) with subsurface submerge in the ground. On-site assessment of the sanitary location of the RWH system showed that 5% were located near a septic tank and another 5% in flooded area. The harvested rainwater was used for several domestic purposes including drinking. All respondent agreed that they use rainwater for washing while 10% of the respondent agreed that they drink the harvested rainwater. The maintenance culture of RWH system owners was investigated. Sixty-five percent (65%) of respondent agreed that they have first diverters devise installed in the rainwater harvesting system. Ten percent (10%) of respondent has never cleaned their storage reservoir. Of the remaining respondents, 50% cleaned their reservoir once a year while 25% clean twice a year. The rainwater harvesting system in the study area lack basic environmental and structural requirements which pose potential health risk to individual who rely on the source of water for potable use.Keywords: Water shortage, Health risk, Water quality, Roof-top, Rainwater
Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen
Authors: Alwabr Gawad M.A. , Al-Mikhlafi Ahmed S. , Al-Hakimi Saif A. , Dughish Munira A. 
Published: June 2021

The composition analysis of medical waste is generally considered to be the fundamental information for the most basic steps in the development of a plan for solid hospitals waste management. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity, generation rate, and the physical composition of medical waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the composition of hospital wastes generated in four governmental hospitals in Sana'a City. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the hospitals, which included (Al-Thawra, Al-Kuwait, Republic, and Military). Results of this study showed that the daily average of the waste generated from the studied hospitals was 5615 kg/day. Approximately 26% of the total waste was hazardous (infectious, pathological, and chemical wastes). While 74% was a general (non-hazardous) waste. The average rate of the total waste generation was 3 kg/patient/day, and 2.5 kg/bed/day. The mean individual components of generated waste in the studied hospitals were; foods 27%, plastic 22%, paper/cardboard 22%, glass 11%, metals 10%, and others 8%. In conclusion, about 26% of the waste was hazardous. The physical component analysis of the waste indicated that the foods, plastic, and paper/cartoon has the highest content of the hospitals waste. Decision makers in Yemen can use this study information for designing and plan the properly management for the collecting system and the healthy disposal of the hazardous waste. Also, for estimating the total policy of required facilities, manpower, and other related costs.Keywords: Composition; medical waste; hospitals waste; Yemen
Municipal water resources management: evaluation of water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi Town, Nigeria
Authors: Odiana Sylvester , Onoja Monday , Ebun-Igbeare Ernest 
Published: June 2021

Car wash can be defined as a facility used to clean the exterior and in some cases, the interior of motor vehicles. These facilities are common in Bauchi and other cities in Nigeria. They use water as a major input thereby causing serious challenges to water resources management. Car wash facilities in Bauchi depend on municipal water supply by water board. The study aimed at determining the rate of municipal water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi. It was carried out by measuring the volume of water used in washing cars by some selected car wash facilities in the town using both bucket and hose methods. The data collected were analysed using statistical method such as random sampling techniques and simple descriptive method like Tables, Figures and mean. The result shows that 1,710,091.2L is withdrawn daily from the municipal water supply by car wash facilities. This is more than the quantity of water serving zone ‘L’ of the 16-zones of Bauchi Water Demand Zones. It also shows that the use of hose consume 441.2L/day and the use of bucket consume 115.5L/day which indicate that more water is wasted using hose method. Therefore, car wash facilities consume significant amount of water supplied by the Water Board. If the current trend continues and with the proliferation of car wash in Bauchi, there will be water shortage to the populace who are the primary beneficiaries.Keywords: car wash, Bauchi, input,Water Board, consumption, volume
Potentials for commercial production of biogas from domestic food waste generated in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Akhator E.P. , Igbinomwanhia D.I. , Obanor A.I. 
Published: June 2021

The work reported in this paper investigated the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feed stock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.49% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of 305.075tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91m3 of biogas in Benin metropolis per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 24,076.91 families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilised to generate about 49.023MW of electricity per day.Keywords: Solid waste management, food waste, anaerobic digestion, biogas
Effect of particulates generated from asphalt production on the morphological and leaf epidermal traits of some common plants
Authors: Ajuru Mercy Gospel , Upadhi Friday 
Published: June 2021

A comparative study was carried out to ascertain the effects of particulate matter on the gross morphological and leaf epidermal features of some tropical plants. Two populations of Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott, Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, and Ageratum conyzoides (L.) were collected; one from an unpolluted area and the other from a polluted environment (generated from an asphalt production industry). Plants from the polluted area show marked reduction in leaf size and area, and reduced chlorophyll content in leaves. There were chlorotic and necrotic leaf spots on the species from polluted area and an average leaf area of 94.81 cm2, 15.81 cm2, and 17.29 cm2 for X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively while the non-polluted species had no leaf spots and an average leaf area of 181.95cm2, 36.75 cm2, and 32.11cm2 for X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively. Length and width of stomatal pore of leaves from polluted area had increased number of stomata, but the length and width of stomata were reduced by -12.89% and -08.42%, -19.54% and -28.60% and -27.50% and -37.86% in the length and width of X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively, as compared to the leaf samples from unpolluted area. Also, epidermal cells decreased compared to the leaves from unpolluted area, while the density of epidermal cells per unit area increased. These suggest that these plants are under air pollution stress and the results are adaptive and compensated mechanism to the adverse effects of the particulate matter.
Tree size comparison of some important street trees growing at different sites of Karachi City, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Amber , Shafiq Muhammad , Athar Mohammad , Farooqi Zia-Urrehman , Kabir Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

The importance of trees in urban environment is now widely recognized as they cleanse the particulate air pollution and help to make cities and towns more agreeable places to dwell upon. A detailed survey was conducted to study the size of Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta indica, Bombax ceiba, Cassia fistula, Eucalyptus sp., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and Guaiacum officinale trees in the urban environment of Karachi, Pakistan. Results showed a wide range of variation in tree diameter breast height (17.12-65.50 cm) at M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. A. indica, Eucalyptus sp., and F. benghalensis showed less dbh (tree diameter breast height) at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. G. officinale growing at University Road (near Hassan Square) showed ess tree dbh as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road and Karachi University campus. Similarly, the tree size of B. ceiba and A. scholaris was recorded less at Nazimabad as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. C. fistula growing at North Nazimabad site showed low tree dbh as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square) site. A. scholaris growing at Karachi University Campus site showed highest dbh value as compared to all studied sites. The tree size of G. officinale was recorded highest at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to North Nazimabad, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. Whereas, Eucalyptus sp. and F. benghalensis recorded highest dbh at North Nazimabad site as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. More research is needed on these trees for healthy environment of city. The present study recommends for the complete documentation of tree species growing in city. Such information will be useful to identify characteristics that can be used to select tree species that are better suited for planting on other areas of the city. These findings can be helpful for arboriculturists, environmental scientists and town planners when working on plantation in the selected area.Keywords: Circumference, diameter at breast height, size, roadside tree, urban environment, Pakistan
Assessment of physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo – a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ikhuoriah S.O. , Oronsaye C.G. 
Published: June 2021

Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo- a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria was carried out from April 2012 to December 2012. Three stations were studied from upstream to downstream with a distance of about 2 kilometres between each station. A total of twenty-two (22) physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals were studied. Air temperature ranged from the mean 27.01 to 29.57°C, water temperature 25.87 to 27.56°C, depth 1.32 to 1.705m, flow velocity 0.08 to 0.13m/s, transparency 1.01 to 1.30m, pH 5.76 to 6.01, electrical conductivity 62.03 to 70.11μS/cm, turbidity 3.97 to 4.39 NTU, total suspended solid 5.01 to 5.80mg/l, total solid 38.82 to 42.11mg/l, total dissolve solid 29.60 to 33.84mg/l, DO 7.12 to 7.54mg/l, BOD5 1.51 to 2.60mg/l, alkalinity 48.63 to 53.28mg/l, the cations (sodium 1.35 to 1.43mg/l, potassium 0.25 to 0.26mg/l, calcium 0.92 to 1.00mg/l, magnesium 0.44 to 0.52mg/l), chloride 26.44 to 36.39mg/l, and the nutrient components (phosphorus 0.25 to 0.33mg/l, nitrate 0.16 to 0.20 mg/l, sulphate 0.88 to 0.94mg/l). Heavy metals level were generally low ranging from 0.05 to 2.61mg/l (cadmium 0.05 to 0.51mg/l, lead 0.06 to 0.09mg/l, zinc 0.11 to 0.12mg/l, copper 0.39 to 0.41mg/l, iron 2.00 to 2.61mg/l. Mean across stations were compared using Analysis of Variance and only three characteristics namely, air temperature, water temperature and flow velocity were significant. In station 1 (upstream), air temperature and water temperature were significantly higher than other 2 stations (downstream) while the flow velocity was significantly faster in station 3 than both upstream and midstream stations. A marked seasonal significant faster flow velocity was recorded in the wet than in the dry season. Furthermore, a significant (P < 0.05) pattern of seasonal variation was observed in seven (7) characteristics, total solids, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate. Anthropogenic activities had negatively impacted on station 2 of the river, although the recorded values were still within acceptable limits.Keywords: Physicochemical, Characteristics, Ossiomo River, Assessment, Heavy metals, Ologbo
Heavy metal analyses and nutritional composition of raw and smoked fishes from Ologe and Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Jolaoso Anuoluwapo Omosileola , Njoku Kelechi Longinus , Akinola Modupe Olatunde , Adesuyi Adeola Alex , Adedokun Aderinola Hannah 
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional composition and heavy metals concentration of smoked and raw edible fish species from Ologe lagoon (freshwater) and Lagos lagoon (marine). The fish species from Ologe include: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Monodactylus sebae (African moony), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), Sphyraena barracuda (Great barracuda), and Pseudotolithus elongatus (Croaker), while that of Lagos lagoon include Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Caranx hippos (Crevalle jack), Liza falcipinnis (Sicklefin mullet), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), and Monodactylus sebae (African moony). The nutritional composition ranged in the following trend moisture (43.24 - 76.79 %) > carbohydrate (3.16 – 63.45 %) > protein (0.80 - 31.55 %) > fibre (1.07 – 2.8 %) > ash (0.81 – 1.88 %) > fat (0.40 – 1.30 %). In this study, these fishes are generally low in fats (lean fish), and fish smoking tend to reduces their nutritional composition. Heavy metals concentration trend thus Zn (2.4 – 7.75 mg/kg) > Ni (0.80 – 1.925 mg/kg) > Cr (0.20 – 0.550 mg/kg) > Pb (0.025 – 0.50 mg/kg). In all the samples, all the metals of interest were detected except cadmium which was not found in any of the samples analysed. Pb (0.025 - 0.5 mg/kg) values in the fishes were lower than the maximum standard level reported to be 0.5 mg/kg dry weight by FAO except in the raw Pomadasys jubelini where the value is 0.5mg/kg. The fresh water fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than marine water fishes but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although, smoked fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than the raw fishes, it was only significant for zinc (p<0.05). In view of this study and the importance of fish in human diet, it is recommended that biological monitoring of fishes meant for consumption from these two water bodies be carried out regularly to ensure human safety.Keywords: Nutritional composition, heavy metals, fresh water fishes, marine water fishes, lagoons
Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu
Authors: Din Jamal Ud , Qadri Muhammad Ahmed , Khan Root ul Amin 
Published: June 2021

This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented 12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2018
Authors: Ady Rony Arpinto 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif (menggunakan data yang dapat diukur dalam suatu skala numerik/angka), dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel (pooling data) yang menggabungkan data runtut waktu (time series) dan data kerat lintang (cross section) dalam periode waktu. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data arsip berupa data sekunder menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data pengambilan basis data pooling data/ data panel (gabungan data time series dan cross section). Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara ROA terhadap Harga Saham. Tidak terdapat pengaruh antara ROE terhadap Harga Saham. Terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara NPM terhadap Harga Saham.