bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared lunch intake: implications of food sharing in double fortified salt intervention trial (804.30)
Authors: Venkatramanan Sudha , Marquis Grace , Haas Jere 
Published: June 2021

Shared lunch intake: implications of food sharing in double fortified salt intervention trial Sudha Venkatramanan1, Grace S. Marquis1, Jere D. Haas2 1McGill University, Canada, 2Cornell University, NY Treatment contamination can be a challenge in randomized control trials. Sharing foods during lunch is a common social practice in the tea garden culture and it has a significant role in creating a communal bond. The objective of this analysis was to assess the amount of treatment that was diluted due to contamination. The double masked study randomized 248 women to either double fortified salt (DFS) or iodized salt (control) for 10 mo. Information on the amount of food shared between the women in two different ethnic groups and total amount consumed was measured by weighing the lunch intake. The women were 18‐55 y old, Adivasi or Nepali, not pregnant or lactating, and full‐time experienced tea pickers. The endline lunch intake data from 206 women was used to estimate the amount of treatment received from sharing and the effect of treatment on the energy and nutrient intakes at lunch. Average shared foods received from other members and given away to others were 91.6 and 93.6 g, respectively. Food sharing resulted in both the control and treatment groups benefitting from DFS. The proportion of treatment received through the lunch by the IS and DFS groups were 40% and 54 %, respectively. A significant association of ethnicity (P <0.0001) on the total food and macronutrient intakes at lunch was observed. The results conclude that sharing lunches resulted in the contamination of the control group, somewhat diminishing the expected group difference in iron intake.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition and the Micronutrient Init
“Amarrarnos Las Tripas” (tie up your gut): perspectives on food insecurity from Mexican‐origin seniors living in colonias along the Texas‐Mexico border (805.3)
Authors: Munoz Linda , Sharkey Joseph , Dean Wesley 
Published: June 2021

Latinos are the largest and fastest growing minority group in the United States, with persons of Mexican‐origin as the largest subgroup. Accompanying an increased number of Mexican‐origin seniors are persistent poverty and high rates of food insecurity, especially among Mexican‐origin seniors who live in the burgeoning colonias along the Texas‐Mexico border. This study described the perceptions of food security among Spanish‐speaking Mexican‐origin seniors under conditions of material hardship and structural vulnerability in colonia areas of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. In 2012, 95 Mexican‐origin seniors (22 men and 73 women) were recruited by promtoras de salud (community health workers) from clusters of colonias in four geographic areas of Hidalgo County (TX) to participate in focus group discussions conducted in Spanish. A promotora, trained as a moderator, conducted the focus groups using a semi‐structured interview guide developed with the assistance of promotoras. Discussions were audio recorded and underwent a 6‐stage process for transcription and translation into English. The mean age of participants was 65 y, 87 were born in Mexico, and 29% completed < 9 years of education).The results identified six major themes: stretching, most necessary, that’s good enough, amarrarnos las tripas (tie up your gut, which implies bear with the hunger), situación difícil (difficult situation), and not natural. This study shows that vulnerable Mexican‐origin seniors in the rural colonias are experiencing food insecurity and hunger. The voices of these marginalized people also stress the need for policy changes and action on federal, state, and the local community level to reduce food insecurity by providing more economic resources, expanding access to food and nutrition programs, and integrating culturally sensitive interventions and services.Grant Funding Source: Supported by AARP Foundation and CDC's PRC Healthy Aging Research Network
Self‐efficacy for healthy eating of Hispanics participating in a lifestyle intervention (806.3)
Authors: Duarte‐Gardea Maria , Burgos Ximena , Balcazar Hector , Braham Sandra 
Published: June 2021

The increasing epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US requires effective interventions to reduce its multiple risk factors. Our study focuses on an intervention for Hispanics, a population of high prevalence for CVD and the largest minority group in US since 2009. OBJECTIVE: To asses self‐efficacy to eat healthier of participants engaging in an intervention led by Community Health Workers (CHW). The intervention is part of a CBPR named HEART that uses an ecological approach to demonstrate the efficacy of CHW at reducing CVD risk in Hispanics. METHODS: 421 low‐income Hispanics ages 46 ± 12 years engaged in a 16‐week culturally appropriate intervention consisting of a menu of nutrition and physical activities led by CHW at partner agencies. Demographic and anthropometric measures and self‐efficacy using a Likert scale were recorded at baseline and four months after the intervention. General linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures was conducted to test for time effect. RESULTS: 85% of participants were female and overweight or obese. Differences in average scores between baseline and follow up indicate that the intervention was effective at increasing self‐efficacy for healthy eating across six domains (e.g., can prepare with less salt, can cook using less fat) and at engaging in physical activity of 30 min 3 times per week (× = 8.41 ± 1.54 vs x = 9.1 ± 1.12: p = .0000). The mean difference in body mass index was also significantly different after the intervention (× = 31.3 ± 6.47 vs × = 30.7 ± 6.78: p = .0000). CONCLUSION: A culturally appropriate intervention led by CHW appears to be a promising approach for low‐income Hispanics to positively impact self‐efficacy for heart healthy eating and for reducing overweight and obesity, a risk factor for CVD.Grant Funding Source: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
“Don’t eat so much:” how parental comments about a girl’s weight influence her as an adult (811.20)
Authors: Latimer Lara , Pope Lizzy , Wansink Brian 
Published: June 2021

Objective: How do the comments that a parent makes about a girl’s weight or eating behavior influence them long after they have left home? Methods: 501 women aged 20‐35 completed a survey assessing what comments they recalled their parents making about their eating habits and their weight as a young girl. These responses were correlated with their current BMI, eating habits, and satisfaction with their weight.Results: Regression analyses indicated that women’s BMIs were positively associated with parental comments about the women’s weight (p<0.001) and how much they ate (p<0.01). Moreover, young women’s weight satisfaction was negatively impacted by parental comments about the women’s weight (p<0.01). Importantly, all of these findings were significant even after accounting for their parents’ concern about their own weight.Conclusions: A parent’s comment about their daughter’s weight or eating habits may have a lingering influence long after it is spoken. A parent’s negative comments about eating habits are related to their daughter having a higher BMI and more dissatisfaction with her weight as an adult.
Effects of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids on the ethograms of rodents simulating PTSD‐like aspects (814.7)
Authors: Chakraborty Nabarum , Melige Monique 
Published: June 2021

The influences of unsaturated fatty acids in various clinical and patho‐physiological paradigms are documented.A balanced composition of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids (n‐3 and n‐6 FA) is beneficial for the daily diet, but the Western diet is biased towards n‐6 FA.The optimum balance between these two fatty acid types is yet to be established.Probing the suitable dietary compositions purposed for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amelioration, groups of C57BL/6Jmice were fed three different diet types. The standard lab diet (diet c) containeda highn‐6 FA/n‐3 FAratio, while the two other customized diets had high(diet 1) and equivalent (diet 2)ratios of n‐3/n‐6 FAs, respectively.The rodents were subjected to an aggressor‐induced social stress established to elicit PTSD‐like behavioral and histo‐pathological symptoms.The subject mice were co‐habited with aggressors for 6 h/d for 10 days with 3x/d random direct exposures. A situation reminder study assayed their behavioral shiftsas a function of time delay. The behavioral traits simulating PTSD among the mice consuming diet cwerecriticallyaugmented during the delay period. Diets 1 and 2 facilitated development of stress resistance,but these impacts varied among the different traits of behaviors, such as fear, anxiety, and social withdrawal.
Development and characterization of Hephaestin knockdown Caco‐2 cells (818.13)
Authors: Doguer Caglar , Gulec Sukru , Collins James 
Published: June 2021

Intestinal transport of inorganic iron has been intensively studied. Ferric iron is reduced, possibly by duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), and transported into cells by divalent metal‐ion transport 1 (Dmt1). Ferrous iron is exported from enterocytes via ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) and is then oxidized prior to binding to transferrin. The efflux step, involving the export‐oxidation functional couple, is the rate‐limiting step in iron absorption. Although an iron oxidase has been discovered (Heph), it is likely that other oxidases also exist. The current study was thus designed to assess the necessity of Heph for iron transport using the Caco‐2 cell model. Caco‐2 cells, which differentiate in post‐confluent culture, express an inducible, vectorial iron transport system, faithfully recapitulating mammalian iron absorption. Heph was effectively silenced in Caco‐2 cells using shRNA technology. A control cell line was also established with negative‐control shRNA transfected cells. Heph KD cells grew normally and were visually indistinguishable from control cells. Gene expression studies showed that Dcytb (~55%) and Dmt1 (~25%) mRNA expression was decreased, while Fpn1 expression was unaffected. Heph protein levels were significantly reduced (<90%) in cytosolic and membrane fractions of the KD cells. Ferrous iron oxidation measurements, using a transferrin‐coupled assay, showed that Heph KD had very little effect on membrane and cytosolic ferroxidase (FOX) activity. Additional studies showed for the first time that Heph was detected in early and late endosomes isolated from Caco‐2 cells, fractions in which Rab7 was also detected (an endosomal marker). This investigation has thus provided further evidence that Heph is not the sole FOX in mammalian intestinal epithelial cells.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH Grant, 2R01DK074867‐07A1
Fatty acid profiles of undifferentiated and differentiated white and brown adipose cell lines supplemented with alpha‐linolenic acid (821.5)
Authors: Qin Xia , Park Hui Gyu , Zhang Jiyao , Lawrence Peter , Liu Guowen , Kothapalli Kumar , Brenna James Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ which coordinates several crucial biological functions including fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, and immune function. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy.Our aim was to characterize fatty acid profiles of the undifferentiated and differentiated WAT and BAT transformed cells.Methods. Mouse WAT and BAT cells were grown in regular media to confluence, and differentiation was induced. At days 10, 12 and 14, cell were supplemented with 50 μM of albumin bound alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA). Cells with no ALA supplementation served as controls. Twenty‐four hours after supplementation, fatty acid profiles of the cells were analyzed by GC and structural mass spectrometry.Results. ALA supplementation caused increase in cellular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) with no change in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) levels in undifferentiated and differentiated WAT cells. Differentiated WAT cells accumulated more EPA. However, differentiated BAT cells accumulate significant amounts of DHA when compared to undifferentiated cells.Conclusion. When provided with ALA, WAT cells accumulate EPA with no change in DHA; BAT cells accumulate EPA and DHA.Grant Funding Source: NIH R01AT007003
Human breast cancer cells stably expressed FADS2 synthesize sapienic acid (16:1n‐10) from palmitic acid (16:0) (821.8)
Authors: Park Hui Gyu , Kothapalli Kumar , Park Woo Jung , Qin Xia , Lawrence Peter , Brenna J. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Sapienic acid, 16:1n‐10, is synthesized in sebocytes and is the most abundant unsaturated fatty on human skin. Its biosynthesis from palmitic acid (16:0) has not been demonstrated apart from skin glands. MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells have no detectable 6‐desaturase activity despite detectable FADS2 expression.Our aim was to characterize the fatty acid profile of MCF‐7 cells stably expressing FADS2 grown in MEM‐α media containing 16:0, 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3, and long chain PUFA.Methods. Cells stably expressing FADS2, FADS1, and empty vector were created by using pcDNA3.1 expression vector system. At confluence cells were dosed with 100 μM of albumin‐bound 16:0 fatty acid. Cells were harvested after 24 hours, FAME were analyzed by GC and structures confirmed by CACI‐MS/MS.Results. FADS2 MCF‐7 cells preferentially biosynthesize 16:1n‐10 which is more abundant than 16:1n‐9. The two fatty acids have nearly identical retention times under our standard GC conditions. No synthesis of 16:1n‐10 was observed for FADS1 or vector‐only cells.Conclusion. Human cells stably expressing FADS2 synthesize 16:1n‐10 even in the presence of alternative FADS2 substrates 18:2n‐6 and 18:3n‐3. Sapienic acid detected in human plasma may be the product of biosynthesis in internal organs.Grant Funding Source: NIH (R01AT007003)
An omega‐3 epoxide of docosahexaenoic acid lowers blood pressure in angiotensin II‐dependent hypertension (832.5)
Authors: Ulu Arzu , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Miyabe Christina , Yang Jun , Hammock Bruce , Dong Hua , Hammock Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Mediators of anti‐hypertensive actions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are largely unknown. The omega‐3 epoxide of DHA, 19, 20‐EDP (epoxydocosapentaenoic acid) is metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which also metabolizes the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hypertensive arachidonic acid (ARA) epoxides, EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids). Based in part on plasma levels of EDPs following a DHA‐rich diet, we hypothesized that 19, 20‐EDP contributes to the anti‐hypertensive actions of DHA in angiotensin‐II dependent hypertension. Treatment individually with 19, 20‐EDP, and a potent sEH inhibitor (sEHI) TPPU (1‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl‐3‐(1‐propionylpiperidin‐4‐yl) urea) significantly lowered blood pressure (BP) as compared to angiotensin‐II infused animals. The largest reduction in BP was obtained with the combination of 19, 20‐EDP and TPPU, which was more efficacious than the combination of 14, 15‐EET and TPPU. Oxylipin profiling revealed that 19, 20‐EDP and 14, 15‐EET infusion affected mostly metabolites of the P450 pathway but also renal levels of prostaglandin‐E2. Our findings suggest that 19, 20‐ EDP is a mediator of the anti‐hypertensive and anti‐inflammatory effects of DHA in angiotensin‐II dependent hypertension. It appears that 19, 20‐ EDP requires metabolic stabilization with a sEHI to be most effective in lowering BP, although both TPPU and 19, 20‐ EDP are so effective on their own that demonstrating additive or synergistic interactions is difficult.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIEHS R01 ES002710, NIEHS Superfund Research Program grant P42 ES004699
Ligand binding in PECAM‐1‐dependent cell motility (832.8)
Authors: Abraham Valsamma , Parambath Andrew , DeLisser Horace 
Published: June 2021

Although PECAM‐1 is able to mediate homophilic or heterophilic ligand binding, the roles of these interactions in PECAM‐1‐dependent cell motility have not been determined. Mutants of mouse PECAM‐1 (MP) in which homophilic (MPΔHom) or heterophilic (MPΔHet) binding are disabled by targeted mutations in the extracellular domain of the molecule were generated and expressed in REN cells (an endothelial cell surrogate). The resulting cells, along with wild type controls, were assessed for localization at intercellular junctions and wound‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation (required for PECAM‐1 dependent cell motility), cell migration and filopodia formation. Our findings are summarized in the table.

Construct
Localization to Intercellular Junctions
Wound‐Induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation
Increased Wound‐Induced Migration
Increased Filopodia Formation

Wild type
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

MPÎ”Hom
No
Yes
No
No

MPÎ”Het
Yes
Yes
No
No

As expected, disabling homophilic (but not heterophilic) adhesion prevented the localization of PECAM‐1 at intercellular junctions. Further, despite preservation of tyrosine phosphorylation, loss of either homophilic or heterophilic binding completely eliminated the increases in wound‐induced migration and filopodia formation resulting from the expression of PECAM‐1. These data therefore suggest that in the setting of PECAM‐1‐dependent cell motility, ligand interactions occur downstream of PECAM‐1 tyrosine phosphorylation and that both homophilic and heterophilic binding are necessary for the increase in cell motility and filopodia formation mediated by PECAM‐1. Thus during PECAM‐1‐dependent cell motility, PECAM‐1‐PECAM‐1 interactions in the membrane, as well as PECAM‐1‐matrix interactions may be active.Grant Funding Source: Supported by VA Merit Award
Pulmonary histopathology of a case of fat embolism (FE) in a patient and its similarity to an animal model of FE (834.11)
Authors: Ajemba Ogugua , Zia Hamid , Lankachandra Kamani , Singh Gurmukh , Poisner Alan , Herndon Betty , Molteni Agostino 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: FE, predominantly a respiratory disease, is thought to be the result of fat globules entering the bloodstream from tissue that has been disrupted by trauma but scarce information about the histopathology is available from clinical reports on pregnancy and other FE ‐ induced conditions.CASE REPORT: A 29‐year‐old Caucasian female, obese, with a complex medical history, underwent Cesarean section at 35 weeks gestation due to preeclampsia. Postoperatively, 53 hours after surgery, she was found dead. At necropsy, lungs showed edema, mononuclear and histiocytic cell infiltrate and scattered fat emboli (Oil Red O stain) in the lumen of small arteries and in air spaces. Early interstitial fibrosis mostly in the adventitia of the same vessels, peribronchial musculature and lobular septa was seen with trichrome stain, while smooth muscle actin was present in the media of medium size vessels, suggesting incipient fibrosis.CONCLUSION: The histopathological findings in lungs of this patient concur with the earlier reported findings in lungs of an animal model of fat embolism produced by i.v. triolein (J. Orthopedic Res, 28, 191‐197, 2010). Such histologic alterations may underscore the pulmonary pathobiology after pregnancy or other FE causes.
Potential role of anxiety and stress in aggressive behavior in rats (839.2)
Authors: Patki Gaurav , Solanki Naimesh , Alkadhi Isam , Allam Farida , Salim Samina 
Published: June 2021

The social defeat paradigm involves aggressive encounters by a large Long‐Evans (LE) male rat (resident) toward a smaller Sprague‐Dawley (SD) male rat (intruder). Successful application of chronic social defeat stress to SD rats is dependent upon appropriate selection of LE rats with consistent levels of aggressive behaviors, as determined from the 3‐d screening process. During screening for the aggressor LE rats, we observed that half of all screened LE rats did not reach the criterion for aggression (LE rats performing a defeat, characterized by the intruder surrendering or acquiring a supine position for at least 3 sec). This difference in aggression between age and weight matched LE rats was startling and led us to the present study. Herein, we measured behavioral differences between the two groups of LE rats (aggressors and non‐aggressors). We analyzed their anxiety‐like behavior using open‐field and elevated plus maze tests. We also examined aggressive behavior in the two groups. (Aggression was measured by recording time taken to defeat the intruder SD rat and time taken to attack a novel object. We observed a significant increase in anxiety‐like behavior in aggressor rats when compared to the non‐aggressive group. Furthermore, time taken to defeat the intruder rat and to attack a novel object was significantly lower in aggressive LE rats. Biochemical data suggests occurrence of significant differences in the levels of stress (assessed via corticosterone assay) and oxidative stress (analyzed via 8‐isoprostane and protein carbonylation) in rats associated with aggressive and non‐aggressive behaviors.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐R15‐G103327
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts celecoxib‐induced lesions on gastric mucosa in rats (840.6)
Authors: Drmic Domagoj , Kolenc Danijela , Seiwerth Sven , Sikiric Predrag 
Published: June 2021

Aim: We investigated the anti‐ulcer effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157, after celecoxib overdose. Methods: Gastric mucosal injuries in rats were induced by celecoxib (1g/kg) intraperitoneally. To counteract, BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng (/kg)) or saline (5ml/kg) were given intraperitoneally immediately thereafter. Rats were sacrificed after 24 and 48 hours, and stomach mucosal defects were assessed as described (Curr Pharm Des 2013;19(1):76‐83). Results: Celecoxib induced huge gastric lesions, huge confluent lesions (4±1 (48h)), and multitude of punctiforming black hemorrhagic lesions (20±3 (24h), 30±5 (48h)), that were both counteracted in BPC 157 rats (no confluent lesions, no punctiform lesions at 24h, punctiform lesions at 48h: 4±2 (µg);10±3 (ng)). Conclusions: Celecoxib induces in overdose huge gastric lesions. BPC 157 was able to counteract lesion formation. This effect is along with counteraction of the lesions induced by nonselective NSAIDs (Curr Pharm Des 2013;19(1):76‐83).Grant Funding Source: 108‐1083570‐3635, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Croatia
Molecular mechanisms of phospholipase C‐β autoinhibition (843.10)
Authors: Lyon Angeline , Begley Jessica , Manett Taylor , Tesmer John 
Published: June 2021

Phospholipase C‐β (PLCβ) enzymes hydrolyze the inner membrane lipid PIP2 to produce the second messengers inositol‐1,4,5‐triphosphate and diacylglycerol. PLCβ enzymes are characterized by low basal activity, due in part to a linker region within catalytic core that physically occludes the active site. We previously identified a highly conserved autoinhibitory helix in the PLCβ C‐terminal regulatory region that makes extensive interactions with the PLCβ catalytic core. Mutations within this interface lead to dramatic increases in basal activity and decreased thermal stability. Furthermore, this autoinhibitory helix docks in close proximity to the PLCβ active site and the regulatory linker. However, the molecular basis for how this inhibitory helix regulates basal activity, and whether or how it works in conjunction with the catalytic core regulatory linker remains unclear. We have used mass spectrometry, site‐directed mutagenesis, and biochemical assays to begin to elucidate the molecular basis of autoinhibition of lipid hydrolysis by these various regulatory elements. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing PLCβ activity are essential for developing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.Grant Funding Source: NIH grants HL086865 and HL071818 (J.J.G.T.) and AHA Fellowship 13POST1637009 (A.M.L.).