bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Success and Failure in Public-private Innovation Partnerships
Authors: HAMMOND JONATHAN , BAILEY SIMON , GORE OZ , CHECKLAND KATH , DARLEY SARAH , MCDONALD RUTH , BLAKEMAN THOMAS 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic-Private Innovation Partnerships (PPIPs) are increasingly used as a tool for addressing ‘wicked’ public sector challenges. ‘Innovation’ is, however, frequently treated as a ‘magic’ concept: used unreflexively, taken to be axiomatically ‘good’, and left undefined within policy programmes. Using McConnell’s framework of policy success and failure and a case study of a multi-level PPIP in the English health service (NHS Test Beds), this paper critically explores the implications of the mobilisation of innovation in PPIP policy and practice. We highlight how the interplay between levels (macro/micro and policy maker/recipient) can shape both emerging policies and their prospects for success or failure. The paper contributes to an understanding of PPIP success and failure by extending McConnell’s framework to explore inter-level effects between policy and innovation project, and demonstrating how the success of PPIP policy cannot be understood without recognising the particular political effects of ‘innovation’ on formulation and implementation.
Music and misogyny: a content analysis of misogynistic, antifeminist forums
Authors: de Boise Sam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch exploring the relationship between misogyny and music has been divided between those who argue that certain music causes, confirms or is a manifestation of misogyny. Yet this often takes for granted the link between certain genres (predominantly hip hop, rap and metal) and misogynistic 'messages'. Instead of asking what types of music might be misogynistic, this article instead asks how music is discussed amongst those who actively espouse misogynistic views. Through content analysis of 1173 posts, from 6 ‘misogynistic antifeminist movement’ (MAM) forums, it shows that whilst hip hop, rap and metal genres and artists are the most commonly mentioned, there is significant variation in terms of musical preferences and justifications. Whilst masculinist lyrics were the main reasons for music preferences, this study shows how MAM communities’ musical judgments are a confluence of sonic and extra-musical discourses which are shaped and amplified within these online communities.
Broadening research in gender and music practice
Authors: Werner Ann , Gadir Tami , De Boise Sam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article builds on research about gender in music practice, concerned with skewed musical canons, ratios and quotas of gender representation, unfair treatment and power dynamics, and the exclusionary enmeshment with music technologies. The aim is to critically discuss what ‘gender’ is understood to be, how it has been studied and how gendered power has been challenged, in order to suggest new routes for research on gender and music practice. While we count ourselves among the scholars working in the field and critically investigate our own work as well as that of others, the article addresses some additional concerns to those of previous studies by examining how gender is ontologically constructed in these studies, how intersectional approaches can enrich analyses of gender in music practice and how the material dimensions of music practice can be actively addressed. The conclusions outline suggestions for broadening research in gender and music practice.
The Hebrew Web Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI): Lexical Development Growth Curves
Authors: GENDLER-SHALEV Hila , DROMI Esther 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents data on lexical development of 881 Israeli Hebrew-speaking monolingual toddlers ages 1;0 to 2;0. A Web-based version of the Hebrew MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (H-MB-CDI) was used for data collection. Growth curves for expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, actions and gestures were characterized. Developmental trajectories of toddlers with various demographic characteristics, such as education, income, religiosity level, birth order of the child, and child-care arrangements were compared. Results show that the lexical growth curves for Hebrew are comparable to those reported for other languages. Sex, birth order, and child-care arrangements were found to influence the size of lexicons. It is recommended that the trajectories presented here be used as norms for lexical growth among typical Hebrew-speaking toddlers in the second year of life.
Associations of genetic variants at TAP1 and TAP2 with pulmonary tuberculosis risk among the Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Mingwu , Wang Xiaomeng , Zhu Yelei , Chen Songhua , Chen Bin , Liu Zhengwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infectious disease, and the present study aims to explore the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs1135216 and rs1057141 of transporter-associated antigen processing (TAP1) and rs2228396 of TAP2 with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) risk. A case–control study including 168 smear-positive PTB cases and 251 controls was conducted. Genotyping of the SNPs at rs1135216, rs1057141 and rs2228396 was performed, and their associations with PTB risk were analysed with SPSS software version 19.0. After conducting stratification for age, a significant association was detected for rs1057141 with increased PTB risk (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.79) among those aged ≥60 years. For those aged <60 years, a marginally significant association was detected between rs1135216 TC/CC and PTB risk (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 0.93–4.19). Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype AT at rs1135216 and rs2228396, as well as AAT at rs1057141, rs1135216 and rs2228396, was associated with increased PTB risk, and the ORs were 2.83 (95% CI 1.30–6.14) and 2.89 (95% CI 1.34–6.27), respectively. Rs1057141 is a genetic predictor of reduced PTB risk for those aged ≥60 years, while rs1135216 might be a potential genetic predictor for those aged <60 years. Haplotype AT at rs1135216 and rs2228396, as well as AAT at rs1057141, rs1135216 and rs2228396, is a genetic marker that may predict PTB risk.
The decline and fall of an early modern slum: London's St Giles ‘Rookery’, c. 1550–1850
Authors: Crymble Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Rookery of London's St Giles-in-the-Fields became the city's most notorious slum by the eighteenth century. This article asks why? Why there, why then and why for so long? Building on existing research about urban development and the failure of local government, by considering the geography, economics and legal influences acting upon the space and the people who interacted with it over the long durée, it becomes clear that the Rookery of St Giles-in-the-Fields was always high risk because of happenstance of geography, but that a lack of leadership from its owners and a system of urban upkeep that distributed responsibility too widely led to its longevity and the depth of its misfortune.
Becoming an older caregiver: A study of gender differences in family caregiving at the end of life
Authors: Spatuzzi Roberta , Giulietti Maria Velia , Romito Francesca , Reggiardo Giorgio , Genovese Carmela , Passarella Michele , Raucci Letizia , Ricciuti Marcello , Merico Fabiana , Rosati Gerardo , Attademo Luigi , Vespa Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesOlder people are not traditionally expected to become caregivers. For this reason, the experience of caregiving in older persons has not been explored adequately in the research on gender differences. The objective of this study was to assess the caregiver burden among older family members who care for cancer patients facing the end of their lives, in order to compare their differences according to gender (male vs. female).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. A total of 102 older caregivers (aged ≥65 years) of hospice patients were interviewed through the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). The sample group was divided into two gender subgroups.ResultsCompared with male caregivers, the older female group reported significantly higher scores in the CBI–physical subscale (P = 0.028), and in the CBI, the overall score (P = 0.0399) confirmed by the generalized linear model (multivariate) evaluation that included possible predictors in the model. There were no significant differences in the other CBI subscale scores (time-dependent, developmental, social, and emotional).Significance of resultsOlder female caregivers are at higher risk of experiencing burden and worse physical health compared with men. Further research is needed in modern palliative care to assess the role of gender differences in the experience of caregiving when the caregiver is an older person.
Determinants of institutional trust: the role of cultural context
Authors: Kaasa Anneli , Andriani Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe examine the cultural context for individual's trust in public institutions. To shed some light on possible cultural explanations from a more comparative perspective and cover a wider set of cultural aspects, we use indicators of cultural dimensions by Kaasa et al. (2014) based on Hofstede's (1980) approach. Multilevel regression analysis is conducted with individual-level data from two waves of the European Social Survey (2008, 2010) and regional-level data from multiple sources. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to construct the indicators of social and institutional trust and corruption. Our results suggest that individuals tend to trust institutions less in regions with large power distance. Hence, an important key for governments being more successful in achieving their aims seems to be related to improving the sense of participation and civic responsibility.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Vigorous Exercise in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwin studies of physical exercise for Asian twins are sparse. This study aimed to examine genetic and environmental influences on frequency of vigorous exercise (FVE) in South Korean twins, with a special emphasis on sex effects. Telephone interviews on FVE were administered to 1757 twins (mean age = 19.05 years, SD = 3.01 years). Tetrachoric correlations were significantly different between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in males (.40 vs. .12), but they were similar in females (.44 vs. .45), suggesting the importance of genetic factors in FVE in males and that of common environmental factors in females. A scalar sex-limitation model incorporating age as a modifier was applied to data. The results revealed that genetic, common and individual environmental influences did not vary significantly with age, but differed across two sexes, confirming twin correlational analyses. In the best-fitting model, additive genetic and individual environmental influences on FVE were, respectively, .35 (95% CI [.26, .39]) and .65 (95% CI [.61, .74]) in males, and common and individual environmental influences were, respectively, .45 (95% CI [.35, .53]) and .55 (95% CI [.47, .65]) in females. These results contrasted starkly with recent findings from a large sample of Chinese adult twins (age >18 years), in which most variance (≥95%) of vigorous physical activity was attributable to common environmental influences in both sexes. Replications in other Asian samples are clearly needed.
Assessing the Effect of Riming on Snow Microphysics: The First Observational Study in East China
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zheng Hepeng , Zhang Lifeng , Huang Yanbin , Liu Xichuan , Wu Zuhang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThrough the collision and freezing of supercooled droplets on the surface of snow particles, riming can change the density, fall velocity and aspect ratio of snow particles. Riming plays an important role in the formation of precipitation in cold clouds. To our knowledge, the impact of riming on snow microphysics is yet well understood, and there is a lack of observations obtained in China addressing this issue. For the first time in East China, the connection between riming and snow microphysical properties was investigated quantitatively during snow events in two winters. To quantify the degree of riming, the rime mass fraction (FR) is derived using the combination of a 2‐D video disdrometer (2DVD) and a weighing gauge. FR is added to the density‐diameter and fall velocity‐diameter relations, and a quantitative relation between riming and shapes of snowflakes is established based on the in situ observation of the 2DVD. The results show that riming can well explain the variability in the density and fall velocity of snowflakes. The changes in the shape of snowflakes can be divided into two distinct stages with increasing riming: in the initial stage (FR < 0.5), the aspect ratio increases very slowly, while in the later stage (FR > 0.5), the aspect ratio increases rapidly. Direct observations of the continuous changes in the shapes of snowflakes with riming are in good agreement with the retrieval results of radar.
Unraveling the Combined Effects of Ice and Permafrost on Arctic Delta Morphodynamics
Authors: Piliouras A. , Lauzon R. , Rowland J. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArctic delta channel dynamics and coastal deposition patterns are uniquely affected by ice and permafrost. Building on previous experiments that documented the individual effects of ice and permafrost, we conducted new numerical modeling experiments to examine the combined influences of ice thickness and permafrost erodibility. We quantified the effects of ice, permafrost, and their combination on channel migration, avulsion, and persistence; onshore and nearshore deposition; and large‐scale delta morphology. Both ice and permafrost limited channel mobility, enhanced overbank deposition, and roughened shorelines. Thick ice increased offshore channel incision and sediment delivery. Permafrost stabilized channels and focused deposition that led to enhanced channel levee development. The increased levee deposition limited widespread channel infilling leading to the preservation of abandoned channels. Levee growth was enhanced by overbank flooding due to ice‐driven changes in water surface elevations. This flooding led to more extensive levees on deltas with both ice and permafrost compared to deltas with only permafrost. Ice also preserved small channels, leading to size‐dependent channel persistence: the presence of ice in the channels reduced the fraction of time small channels remained active relative to larger channels. Resistant permafrost damped this effect, as smaller and more distal channels were active earlier in the flood on deltas with resistant permafrost likely due to the smaller number of channels on permafrost‐laden deltas. Finally, our results suggest that the loss of both ice and permafrost will increase channel mobility, decrease overbank flooding, increase shoreline progradation rates, and decrease offshore transport of riverine fluxes.
Reply to Comment by Zhao et al. on “Paleomagnetism of the Late Cretaceous Red Beds From the Far Western Lhasa Terrane: Inclination Discrepancy and Tectonic Implications”
Authors: Bian Weiwei , Yang Tianshui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, we checked all the pieces of evidence separately and conclude that the evidence Zhao et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006520) provided cannot be regarded as arguments supporting their points. Our observations show that (i) sampling units and depositional environment support that the Jingzhushan Formation red beds could be affected by the syntectonic sedimentation, (ii) characteristic remanent magnetization directions observed from the Jingzhushan Formation red beds represent primary magnetization acquired during the syntectonic sedimentation, not secondary remagnetization due to strain reorientation of remanence, and (iii) inclination discrepancy of the Jingzhushan Formation red beds could be attributed to syntectonic sedimentation. Therefore, the paleomagnetic results obtained from the Jingzhushan Formation red beds are reliable for paleogeographic reconstructions.
Sediment Management for Reservoir Sustainability and Cost Implications Under Land Use/Land Cover Change Uncertainty
Authors: Shrestha Bikesh , Cochrane Thomas A. , Caruso Brian S. , Arias Mauricio E. , Wild Thomas B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAddressing uncertainty in sediment predictions due to land use/land cover (LULC) change could better inform the selection of sediment management options for reservoir sustainability. We used the Nam Kong catchment of the Mekong River Basin in Southern Laos, with two hydropower dams in series, to understand the implications of LULC change uncertainty for catchment‐level and reservoir‐level sediment management options. The catchment‐level sediment management options of terracing, vegetative filter strips, and no tillage were evaluated applying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The reservoir‐level sediment management option of flushing was assessed using the Sediment Simulation Screening Python Model (PySedSim). Costs of sediment management options were assessed via the economic value of the loss in hydropower production and the avoided cost of dredging. Our results suggest that LULC projections resulted in high variability in loss of reservoir capacity and cost of sediment management. Terracing was found to be the best catchment‐level management option at decreasing both the magnitude and variability in loss of reservoir storage for both dams, but it was also the most expensive option. Flushing was also effective in reducing sedimentation, but it was less economically beneficial compared to catchment‐level sediment management options. Combinations of catchment‐level and reservoir‐level management strategies, however, can be effective in reducing the magnitude and variability in loss of reservoir storage and associated costs in response to LULC change uncertainty.
Changing River Network Synchrony Modulates Projected Increases in High Flows
Authors: Rupp David E. , Chegwidden Oriana S. , Nijssen Bart , Clark Martyn P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProjections of change in high‐flow extremes with global warming vary widely among, and within, large midlatitude river basins. The spatial variability of these changes is attributable to multiple causes. One possible and little‐studied cause of changes in high‐flow extremes is a change in the synchrony of mainstem and tributary streamflow during high‐flow extremes at the mainstem‐tributary confluence. We examined reconstructed and simulated naturalized daily streamflow at confluences on the Columbia River in western North America, quantifying changes in synchrony in future streamflow projections and estimating the impact of these changes on high‐flow extremes. In the Columbia River basin, projected flow regimes across colder tributaries initially diverge with warming as they respond to climate change at different rates, leading to a general decrease in synchrony, and lower high‐flow extremes, relative to a scenario with no changes in synchrony. Where future warming is sufficiently large to cause most subbasins upstream from a confluence to transition toward a rain‐dominated, warm regime, the decreasing trend in synchrony reverses itself. At one confluence with a major tributary (the Willamette River), where the mainstem and tributary flow regimes are initially very different, warming increases synchrony and, therefore, high‐flow magnitudes. These results may be generalizable to the class of large rivers with large contributions to flood risk from the snow (i.e., cold) regime, but that also receive considerable discharge from tributaries that drain warmer basins.
hPER3 promotes adipogenesis via hHSP90AA1-mediated inhibition of Notch1 pathway
Authors: Wan Xinxing , Zhu Liyong , Zhao Liling , Peng Lin , Xiong Jing , Yang Wenjun , Yuan Jingjing , Liang Fang , Zhang Keke , Chen Ke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) has been reported to play a negative role in human immortalized bone marrow-derived Scp-1 cells (iBMSCs) and patient adipose-derived stromal cells (PASCs) or a negative/positive role in mice adipogenesis. However, human PER3 (hPER3) was identified as a positive regulator of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) adipogenesis in this study. Silencing or overexpression of hPER3 in hADSCs inhibited and promoted adipogenesis in vitro. In vivo, the overexpression of hPER3 increased high-fat diet-induced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) forms, increasing systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Molecularly, hPER3 does not interact with hPPARγ, but represses Notch1 signaling pathway to enhance adipogenesis by interacting with hHSP90AA1, which is able to combine with the promoter of hNotch1 and inactivate its expression. Thus, our study revealed hPER3 as a critical positive regulator of hADSCs adipogenesis, which was different from the other types of cells, providing a critical role of it in treating obesity.
Real-time molecular-level visualization of mass flow during patterned photopolymerization of liquid-crystalline monomers
Authors: Ueda Keisuke , Aizawa Miho , Shishido Atsushi , Vacha Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle-particle fluorescence imaging is used to monitor dynamic processes that occur during patterned photopolymerization of liquid-crystalline monomers. A spatial gradient of chemical potential can be created at the border of bright and dark regions by structured illumination in the photopolymerization process, leading to mutual diffusion of polymers and monomers. Analysis of the fluorescence from single quantum dots doped into the monomers at minute concentrations enables visualization of highly directional flow from the illuminated region where the photopolymerization proceeds toward a masked unpolymerized region. This directional mass flow causes flow-induced orientation of the polymers that is subsequently fixed by completion of the polymerization reaction, resulting in a mesoscopic aligned area of the polymer film.
Unsafe “crossover-use” of chloramphenicol in Uganda: importance of a One Health approach in antimicrobial resistance policy and regulatory action
Authors: McCubbin Kayley D. , Ramatowski John W. , Buregyeya Esther , Hutchinson Eleanor , Kaur Harparkash , Mbonye Anthony K. , Mateus Ana L. P. , Clarke Sian E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the introduction of antibiotics into mainstream health care, resistance to these drugs has become a widespread issue that continues to increase worldwide. Policy decisions to mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance are hampered by the current lack of surveillance data on antibiotic product availability and use in low-income countries. This study collected data on the antibiotics stocked in human (42) and veterinary (21) drug shops in five sub-counties in Luwero district of Uganda. Focus group discussions with drug shop vendors were also employed to explore antibiotic use practices in the community. Focus group participants reported that farmers used human-intended antibiotics for their livestock, and community members obtain animal-intended antibiotics for their own personal human use. Specifically, chloramphenicol products licensed for human use were being administered to Ugandan poultry. Human consumption of chloramphenicol residues through local animal products represents a serious public health concern. By limiting the health sector scope of antimicrobial resistance research to either human or animal antibiotic use, results can falsely inform policy and intervention strategies. Therefore, a One Health approach is required to understand the wider impact of community antibiotic use and improve overall effectiveness of intervention policy and regulatory action.