bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Enabled Cascade Phosphorylation of N−H/O−H/S−H Bonds with P−H Compounds: An Efficient Access to P(O)‐X Bonds
Authors: Wang Ruige , Dong Xiaojuan , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Abdukader Ablimit , Xue Fei , Jin Weiwei , Liu Chenjiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical three component cascade phosphorylation reaction of various heteroatoms‐containing nucleophiles including carbazoles, indoles, phenols, alcohols, and thiols with Ph2PH has been established. Electricity is used as the “traceless” oxidant and water and air are utilized as the “green” oxygen source. All kinds of structurally diverse organophosphorus compounds with P(O)‐N/P(O)‐O/P(O)‐S bonds are assembled in moderate to excellent yields (three categories of phosphorylation products, 50 examples, up to 97 % yield). A tentative free radical course is put forward to rationalize the reaction procedure.
Metal‐to‐Metal Distance Modulation by Ligand Design: A Case Study of Structure‐Property Correlation in Planar Chiral Cyclophanyl Metal Complexes
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Bräse Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultinuclear metal complexes have seen tremendous progress in synthetic advances, their versatile structural features, and emerging applications. Here, we conceptualize Metal‐to‐Metal distance modulation in cyclophanyl metal complexes by bridging ligand design employing the co‐facially stacked cyclophanyl‐derived pseudo‐geminal, ‐ortho, ‐meta, and ‐para constitutional isomers grafted with N‐, O‐, and P‐ containing chelates that allow the installation of diverse (hetero)metallic moieties in a distance‐defined and spatially‐oriented relation to one another. Metal‐to‐Metal distance modulation and innate transannular “through‐space” π–π electronic interactions via the co‐facially stacked benzene rings in cyclophanyl‐derived complexes as well as their specific stereochemical structural features (element of planar chirality) are crucial factors that contribute to the tuning of structure‐property relationships, which stand at the very center from the perspective of cooperative effects in catalysis as well as emerging material applications.
ent‐Pimarane Diterpenoid Dimers from Sigesbeckia glabrescens with Potent Anti‐inflammatory Activities
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Xu , Zheng Ying‐Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Hu Gao‐Sheng , Jia Jing‐Ming , Wang An‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionChromatographic purification of Sigesbeckia glabrescens extracts led to three undescribed ent‐pimarane diterpenoid dimers, named glabreside A—C (1—3). Their structures were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the structures of compound 1 and 3 were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity assay showed that glabreside C (3) exhibited the most potent inhibition activity on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV2 microglia compared with the other two compounds. Glabreside C also increased the protein expression level of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells. Mechanistically, glabreside C exerts its anti‐inflammatory effect by inhibiting AKT/MAPKs signaling pathway. These findings indicate the vital role of ent‐pimarane diterpenoid dimers in explaining the anti‐inflammatory activity of S. glabrescens and provide important evidence for further development and utilization of Sigesbeckiae Herba. These results also suggest that glabreside C is a potential lead compound for anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Density‐ and moisture‐dependent effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on drought acclimation in wheat
Authors: Duan Hai‐Xia , Luo Chong‐Liang , Zhu Sai‐Yong , Wang Wei , Naseer Minha , Xiong You‐Cai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) is widely viewed as an ecosystem engineer to help plants adapt to adverse environments. However, a majority of the previous studies regarding AMF's eco‐physiological effects are mutually inconsistent. To clarify this fundamental issue, we conducted an experiment focused on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants with or without AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation. Two water regimes (80% and 40% field water capacity, FWC80 (CK) and FWC40 (drought stress) and four planting densities (6 or 12 plants per pot as low densities, 24 or 48 plants per pot as high densities) were designed. AMF inoculation did not show significant effects on shoot biomass, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) under the low densities, regardless of water regimes. However, under the high densities, AMF inoculation significantly decreased shoot biomass, grain yield and WUE in FWC80, while it significantly increased these parameters in FWC40, showing density and/or moisture‐dependent effects of AMF on wheat performance. In FWC40, the relationships between reproductive biomass (y‐axis) vs. vegetative biomass (x‐axis) (R‐V), and between grain biomass (y‐axis, sink) vs. leaf biomass (x‐axis, source) fell into a typical allometric pattern (α > 1, P < 0.001), and the AMF inoculation significantly increased the values of α. Yet in FWC80, they were in an isometric pattern (α ≈ 1, P < 0.001) and AMF addition had no significant effects on α. Similarly, AMF did not significantly change the isometric relationship between leaf biomass (i.e., metabolic rate) and shoot biomass (body size) in FWC80, while it significantly decreased the α of allometric relationship between both of them in FWC40 (α > 1, P < 0.001). We therefore, sketched a generalized model of R‐V and sink‐source relationships as affected by AMF, in which AMF inoculation might enhance the capabilities of sink acquisition and utilization under drought stress, while having no significant effect under the well watered conditions. Our findings demonstrate dual density‐ and moisture‐dependent effects of AMF on plant development and provide new insights into current ecological applications of AMF as an ecosystem engineer.
Experimental investigation of single slope solar still with Eucheuma (agar‐agar) fiber for augmentation of freshwater yield: Thermo‐economic analysis
Authors: Sampathkumar Arivazhagan , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe accessibility of pure drinking water is one of the most complex challenges that humankind experiencing around the world. In this study, the experimental investigation has been carried out in the single slope solar still by the incorporation of naturally available Eucheuma fiber in the absorber basin. The Eucheuma fiber has high water absorbing capacity and acts like a wick material. The experimental results on two consecutive days in the month of February 2021 shows that the solar still with agar‐agar fiber (SSAAF) has an increase in productivity of 22.06% on Day 1 and 21.05% on Day 2 in comparison with conventional solar still (CSS). The freshwater productivity of SSAAF was 3150 ml/m2/day on Day 1 and 3800 ml/m2/day on Day 2, whereas for CSS it was 2600 and 3100 ml/m2/day on Day 1 and Day 2, respectively. The thermal efficiency was increased by 10% and 13% on Day 1 and 2 for SSAAF. The economic analysis indicates that SSAAF has a payback period of 4.3 months whereas CSS has 5.1 months. The cost per liter of freshwater is about $ 0.026 and $ 0.022 for CSS and SSAAF, respectively.
Performance analysis of M‐ary amplitude and phase shift keying uncoded space‐time labeling diversity with three transmit antennas in nonlinear Rician channels
Authors: Ayanda Dauda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates uncoded space‐time labeling diversity (USTLD) with three transmit antennas schemes based on amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK) modulation. The proposed USTLD schemes are DVB‐S2 and DVB‐S2X standards compatible and provide robustness against nonlinear distortion for both Rician frequency‐flat fast and quasi‐static fading channels. Numerical analysis of the proposed schemes is derived based on pairwise error probability. The analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations, which converge accurately at high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, by adapting constellation structure between square quadratic amplitude modulations and concentric rings of APSK modulations, the author proposes mapper design for 16‐APSK, 32‐APSK, and 64‐APSK modulations for USTLD using heuristic algorithm. Finally, the proposed USTLD schemes show bit error rate (BER) improvement over the existing two transmit USTLD scheme with error performance gain of 1.2 and 2.8 dB at a BER of for 16‐APSK and 64‐APSK USTLD scheme, respectively.
Effects of maca (Lepidium meyenii) on nutrient digestibility and major nutrient transporters in rats fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Sahin Nurhan , Orhan Cemal , Gencoglu Hasan , Er Besir , Ozercan Ibrahim H. , Komorowski James R. , Sahin Kazim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScopeThis study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of a new combination of root extracts of the Lepidium meyenii (maca) plant, known for its nutritional and energizing features as well as its antioxidant properties, on nutrient digestibility and nutrient transporters expression.Methods and resultsA total of 28 Sprague‐Dawley rats (8‐week‐old) were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) Lepidium m., (iii) high‐fat diet (HFD), and (iv) HFD+Lepidium m. Maca was given to the rats as a powdered combination of the plant roots with a daily dose of 40 mg per kg BW. Maca administration significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE), and some nutrient transporter (Pept1/2, Fatp1, Glut1/2, and Sglt1)‐expressions compared with non‐treated control and HFD groups in the jejunum and ileum tissues (p < .0001).ConclusionsMaca supplementation improved the digestibility of nutrients and expressions of nutrient transporters in the small intestine of the rats. These results indicate the positive communication between maca consumption and nutrient absorption in the small intestines of the animals.
An innovative outpatient monitor service for gynecological patients in the United Kingdom: Case study evaluation of clinical effectiveness, economic outcomes, patient safety, and service improvement
Authors: Tinelli Michela , Jackson Anne , Siddique Sulman , Hamilton Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFailure to attend appointments places a huge strain on health care systems around the world, resulting in poorer care for the patients, waste of staff time and increased waiting times. This study looked at the impact of an Outpatient‐Monitor‐Service (OMS) on clinical, economic, patient safety and service improvement outcomes in gynaecology patients compared with care as usual (with no access to the OMS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective match‐pair controlled study at a London‐based hospital. The cohort included adult women who received either (i) gynecological, (ii) hysteroscopy or (iii) vulval procedures. A cost‐consequences analysis compared intervention (who received the OMS) with control (historical cases who did not receive the OMS. Main outcome measures were clinical‐effectiveness, NHS‐cost, patient safety, and service improvement.ResultsThe intervention had positive impacts spanning clinical, patient safety and service improvement areas and showed cost saving results for the healthcare in terms of reduced follow‐up consultations and did‐not‐attend occurrences.ConclusionsThe OMS offered by Message Dynamics appears to be a successful digital health technology to monitor gynecological patients' conditions and inform clinical decision making via remote channels, which is particularly relevant in coronavirus disease pandemic.
HOMA‐IR as a risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus and a novel simple surrogate index in early pregnancy
Authors: Song Shuoning , Zhang Yuemei , Qiao Xiaolin , Duo Yanbei , Xu Jiyu , Peng Zhenyao , Zhang Jing , Chen Yan , Nie Xiaorui , Sun Qiujin , Yang Xianchun , Lu Zechun , Liu Shixuan , Zhao Tianyi , Yuan Tao , Fu Yong , Dong Yingyue , Zhao Weigang , Sun Wei , Wang Ailing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy and find a simple surrogate index of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR).MethodsA total of 700 pregnant women were included in this prospective, double‐center, observational cohort study. The glucose and lipid metabolic characterization was performed at 6–12 weeks of pregnancy. All participants underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. Linear regression analysis was applied to find a novel surrogate index of HOMA‐IR. Binary logistic analysis was applied to estimate possible associations of different indices with GDM and insulin resistance.ResultsGDM was diagnosed in 145 of 700 women with singleton pregnancies (20.7%). HOMA‐IR was higher in the GDM group than in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and was an individual risk factor for GDM (adjusted risk ratio RR 1.371, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.129–1.665, P < 0.001). TyHGB index as the surrogate index of HOMA‐IR was represented as TG/HDL‐C + 0.7*FBG (mmol/L) +0.1*preBMI (kg/m2)(where TG/HDL‐C is triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG is fasting blood glucose, and preBMI is the pre‐pregnancy body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters]). The cut‐off point of the TyHGB index was 6.0 (area under the curve 0.827, 95% CI 0.794–0.861, P < 0.001) for mild insulin resistance.ConclusionIncreased HOMA‐IR in early pregnancy was a risk factor of GDM. TyHGB index could be a surrogate index of HOMA‐IR and had a predictive value for GDM.
The effect of smoking on COVID‐19–linked biomarkers in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Çetin Kargin Nisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic, an infection (coronavirus disease 2019—COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to have a strong influence worldwide. Although smoking is a major known risk factor for respiratory infectious disease, the effects of smoking on COVID‐19 are unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between smoking and important hematologic (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet count, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet‐lymphocyte ratio [PLR]), inflammatory, and biochemical biomarkers in the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.MethodsIn a COVID‐19 pandemic hospital between June and August 2020, 200 adult patients aged over 18 years were hospitalized with COVID‐19 inflammatory and hematologic biomarkers at their first admission and smoking data were selected for this study.ResultsThe rate of smokers was much higher among men (91.5%) than in women (8.5%) (p = 0.001). Neutrophil counts were evaluated and was significantly higher in current smokers (p < 0.001) and ex‐smokers (p = 0.001), and NLR (p = 0.008) and ferritin (p = 0.004) levels were higher than in never smokers. The saturation of patients had a negative significant linear correlation of NLR, PLR, and pack years of smoking. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had higher neutrophil counts (OR = 0.828 [0.750–0.915]; p = 0.041), NLR values (OR = 0.948 [0.910–0.987]; p = 0.009), and CRP levels (OR = 0.994 [0.990–0.999]; p = 0.019).ConclusionSerum neutrophil, NLR, and ferritin levels, which are widely used in determining the prognosis of COVID‐19, were found higher in current smokers/ex‐smokers. These results support the view that a poor prognosis of COVID‐19 is associated with smoking.
Autophagy based cellular physiological strategies target oncogenic progression
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Jagtap Yuvraj Anandrao , Patwa Som Mohanlal , Kinger Sumit , Dubey Ankur Rakesh , Prajapati Vijay Kumar , Dhiman Rohan , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Mishra Amit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvidence accumulated from past findings indicates that defective proteostasis may contribute to risk factors for cancer generation. Irregular assembly of abnormal proteins catalyzes the disturbance of cellular proteostasis and induces the ability of abnormal cellular proliferation. The autophagy mechanism plays a key role in the regular clearance of abnormal/poor lipids, proteins, and various cellular organelles. The results of functional and effective autophagy deliver normal cellular homeostasis, which establishes supportive metabolism and avoids unexpected tumorigenesis events. Still, the precise molecular mechanism of autophagy in tumor suppression has not been clear. How autophagy triggers selective or nonselective bulk degradation to dissipate tumor promotion under stress conditions is not clear. Under proteotoxic insults to knockdown the drive of tumorigenesis, it is critical for us to figure out the detailed molecular functions of autophagy in human cancers. The current article summarizes autophagy‐based theragnostic strategies targeting various phases of tumorigenesis and suggests the preventive roles of autophagy against tumor progression. A better understanding of various molecular partners of autophagic flux will improve and innovate therapeutic approaches based on autophagic‐susceptible effects against cellular oncogenic transformation.
The effects of washing a collagen sample prior to TEM examination
Authors: Oosterlaken Bernette Maria , Friedrich Heiner , de With Gijsbertus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an important analysis technique to visualize (bio)macromolecules and their assemblies, including collagen fibers. Many protocols for TEM sample preparation of collagen involve one or more washing steps to remove excess salts from the dispersion that could hamper analysis when dried on a TEM grid. Such protocols are not standardized and washing times as well as washing solvents vary from procedure to procedure, with each research group typically having their own protocol. Here, we investigate the influence of washing with water, ethanol, but also methanol and 2‐propanol, for both mineralized and unmineralized collagen samples via a protocol based on centrifugation. Washing with water maintains the hydrated collagen structure and the characteristic banding pattern can be clearly observed. Conversely, washing with ethanol results in dehydration of the fibrils, often leading to aggregation of the fibers and a less obvious banding pattern, already within 1 min of ethanol exposure. As we show, this process is fully reversible. Similar observations were made for methanol and propanol. Based on these results, a standardized washing protocol for collagenous samples is proposed.
Survival benefit of a combined surgical approach in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Bilani Nadeem , Yaghi Marita , Singh Jabbal Iktej , Elson Leah , Elimimian Elizabeth Blessing , Liang Hong , Nahleh Zeina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported survival benefit of surgery in patients with stage IV breast cancer (BC); prospective trials yielded inconclusive results.MethodsWe sampled the National Cancer Database (2004–2016) for de novo stage IV BC patients undergoing both primary site resection and metastasectomy. A multivariate Cox‐regression survival model investigated the overall survival (OS) of this surgical approach as compared to lumpectomy/mastectomy alone, metastasectomy alone, or no surgery. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to demonstrate the utility of surgery when metastasis were confined to 1 site stratifying by tissue type.ResultsA total of n = 55,125 patients were included. As compared to lumpectomy/mastectomy alone (43 months), lumpectomy/mastectomy + metastasectomy exhibited the best OS (50 months, p = 0.012), metastasectomy alone showed slightly worse OS (30 months, p < 0.0001), and no surgery had the worst OS (21 months, p < 0.0001). In metastasis confined to 1 site, superior OS with combined lumpectomy/mastectomy and metastasectomy versus lumpectomy/mastectomy alone was observed with liver (72.8 vs. 48.1 months, p < 0.001) or lung (49.2 vs. 36.8 months, p < 0.001) metastasis but not bone (52.2 vs. 49.9 months, p < 0.001) or brain (16.2 vs. 15.5 months, p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with metastatic BC undergoing primary site resection and metastasectomy exhibited optimal OS, particularly when metastasis involved only the liver or lung.
Comparison of the United Kingdom and United States approaches to approval of new neuromuscular therapies
Authors: Gallagher Gary W. , Nowacek Dustin , Gutgsell Olivia , Callaghan Brian C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany novel therapies are now available for rare neuromuscular conditions that were previously untreatable. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and spinal muscular atrophy are two examples of diseases with new medications that have transformed our field. The United States and the United Kingdom have taken disparate approaches to the approval and coverage of medications, despite both providing incentives to develop therapies targeting rare diseases. The US requires less evidence for approval when compared with medications for common diseases and does not have a mechanism to ensure or even encourage cost‐effectiveness. The Institute of Clinical and Economic Review provides in‐depth cost‐effectiveness analyses in the US, but does not have the authority to negotiate drug costs. In contrast, the UK has maintained a similar scientific threshold for approval of all therapies, while requiring negotiation with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to ensure that medications are cost‐effective for rare diseases. These differences have led to approval of medications for rare diseases in the US that have less evidence than required for common diseases. Importantly, these medications have not been approved in the UK. Even when medications meet traditional scientific thresholds, they uniformly arrive with high list prices in the US, whereas they are available at cost‐effective prices in the UK. The main downsides to the UK approach are that cost‐effective medications are often available months later than in the US, and some medications remain unavailable.
Evaluation of a suggested novel method to adjust BMI calculated from self‐reported weight and height for measurement error
Authors: Flegal Katherine M. , Graubard Barry I. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn 2019, Ward et al. proposed a method to adjust BMI calculated from self‐reported weight and height for bias relative to measured data. They did not evaluate the adjusted values relative to measured BMI values for the same individuals.MethodsA large data set (n = 37,439) with both measured and self‐reported weight and height was randomly divided into two groups. The proposed method was used to adjust the BMI values in one group to the measured data from the other group. The adjusted values were then compared with the measured values for the same individuals.ResultsBefore adjustment, 24.9% were incorrectly classified relative to measured BMI categories, including 7.9% in too high a category; after adjustment, 24.3% were incorrectly classified, with 12.8% in too high a category. The variance of the difference was unchanged. The adjustments reduced some errors and introduced new errors. At an individual level, results were unpredictable.ConclusionsThe suggested method has little effect on misclassification, can introduce new errors, and could magnify errors associated with factors, such as age, race, educational level, or other characteristics. State‐level estimates and projections of obesity prevalence from values adjusted by this method may be incorrect.