bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting developed and BRICS stock markets with cryptocurrencies and gold: generalized orthogonal generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and generalized autoregressive score analysis
Authors: Jeribi Ahmed , Ghorbel Achraf 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it models and forecasts the risk of the five leading cryptocurrencies, stock market indices (developed and BRICS) and gold returns. Second, it conducts different backtesting procedures forecasts. Third, it focuses on the hedging potential of cryptocurrencies and gold.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the generalized autoregressive score (GAS) models to model and forecast the risk of cryptocurrencies, stock market indices and gold returns. They conduct different backtesting procedures of the 1% and 5%-value-at-risk (VaR) forecasts. They also use the generalized orthogonal generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GO-GARCH) model to explore the hedging potential of cryptocurrencies by estimating the dynamic conditional correlation between cryptocurrencies and gold, on the one hand, and stock markets on the other hand.FindingsWhen conducting different backtesting procedures of VaR, our finding suggests that Bitcoin has the highest VaR among cryptocurrencies and Gold and the BRICS indices returns have lower VaR compared to the developed countries. Finally, we provide evidence that the risks among developed stock markets can be hedged by Bitcoin and Gold. Bitcoin can be considered as the new Gold for these economies. Unlike Bitcoin, Gold can be considered as a hedge for Chinese and Indian investors. However, Gold and Bitcoin can be considered as diversifier assets for the other BRICS economies while Dash and Monero are diversifier assets for developed stock markets.Originality/valueThe first paper's empirical contribution lies in analyzing optimal forecast models for cryptocurrencies (other than Bitcoin) returns and risk. The second contribution consists of studying the hedging potential of five leading cryptocurrencies. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the role of cryptocurrencies for BRICS investors.
Broadening the concept of patient safety culture through value-based healthcare
Authors: Dombrádi Viktor , Bíró Klára , Jonitz Guenther , Gray Muir , Jani Anant 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDecision-makers are looking for innovative approaches to improve patient experience and outcomes with the finite resources available in healthcare. The concept of value-based healthcare has been proposed as one such approach. Since unsafe care hinders patient experience and contributes to waste, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how the value-based approach can help broaden the existing concept of patient safety culture and thus, improve patient safety and healthcare value.Design/methodology/approachIn the arguments, the authors use the triple value model which consists of personal, technical and allocative value. These three aspects together promote healthcare in which the experience of care is improved through the involvement of patients, while also considering the optimal utilisation and allocation of finite healthcare resources.FindingsWhile the idea that patient involvement should be integrated into patient safety culture has already been suggested, there is a lack of emphasis that economic considerations can play an important role as well. Patient safety should be perceived as an investment, thus, relevant questions need to be addressed such as how much resources should be invested into patient safety, how the finite resources should be allocated to maximise health benefits at a population level and how resources should be utilised to get the best cost-benefit ratio.Originality/valueThus far, both the importance of patient safety culture and value-based healthcare have been advocated; this paper emphasizes the need to consider these two approaches together.
International advances in self-direction: themes from a disability leadership exchange
Authors: Bradley Valerie , Kwak Miso , Rich Highsmith , Croft Bevin 
Published: March 2021

PurposeSelf-direction–also known as participant direction, personalization and self-directed care–is a service delivery model that enables people to manage their personal budget and purchase services and supports tailored to their needs based on a person-centered plan. This paper, the outcome of an international learning exchange on self-direction, describes approaches across four countries’ successful strategies, unresolved questions and recommendations to enhance self-direction globally.Design/methodology/approachThe findings are a product of discussions at the 2019 International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership and International Initiative for Disability Leadership Exchange on Advances in Self-Direction. Participants included people who are self-directing, providers and caregivers who support people who are self-directing, advocates, fiscal agents and public managers who administer self-direction from the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand.FindingsIn all four countries, people who self-direct exercise high levels of choice and control and are able to individualize their services and supports to promote a good life in the community. The exchange also revealed challenges and possible solutions to improve and expand self-direction.Practical implicationsThe results of the meeting provide guidance for public managers, providers and advocates for initiating and expanding self-direction.Originality/valueThis international meeting was a unique opportunity to compare self-direction across four different countries and across multiple perspectives, including people with disabilities, caregivers, providers and administrators.
Mental health and stigma in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review
Authors: Alattar Nada , Felton Anne , Stickley Theodore 
Published: March 2021

PurposeStigma associated with mental health problems is widespread in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Consequently, this may prevent many Saudi people from accessing the mental health-care services and support they need. The purpose of this study is to consider how stigma affects people needing to access mental health services in the KSA. To achieve this aim, this study reviews the knowledge base concerning stigma and mental health in KSA and considers specific further research necessary to increase the knowledge and understanding in this important area.Design/methodology/approachThis review examines the relevant literature concerning mental health stigma and related issues in KSA using the Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses frameworks. As a scoping review, it has used a systematic approach in literature searching. The results of the search were then thematically analysed and the themes were then discussed in light of the concepts of stigma and mental health.FindingsStigma around mental health impedes access to care, the nature of care and current clinical practice in the KSA. The voices of those with mental health issues in KSA are almost entirely unrepresented in the literature.Originality/valueThe review identifies that mental health stigma and cultural beliefs about mental health in KSA may act as barriers to accessing services. The voice of mental health service users in KSA remains largely unheard. If public discussion of mental health issues can increase, people’s experiences of accessing services may be improved.
Discrimination, competitiveness, and support in US graduate student mental health
Authors: Posselt Julie 
Published: March 2021

PurposeRising rates of anxiety and depression and the varied costs of these conditions indicate a clear need to create learning environments in which graduate and professional students can more readily thrive. However, the absence of multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary evidence about mental health in graduate education has obscured a clear picture of which populations, contexts and social dynamics merit focused attention and resources. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze prevalence and risk factors associated with anxiety and depression among a large sample of graduate students, with special attention to how graduate education environments and interactions may be associated with mental health.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers the first multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary analysis of depression and anxiety among US graduate and professional students. Using a sample of 20,888 students randomly sampled within 69 universities, the author compares depression and anxiety prevalence among fields of study with hierarchical cluster modeling. Then, using a conceptual framework that links social support, role strain and self-determination theories, the author estimates fixed effects multivariate logistic regressions to measure how depression and anxiety are associated with experiencing racial discrimination, support from friends and family, perceived competitiveness in one’s classes, and comfort speaking with one’s professors about mental health.FindingsGraduate students who endure frequent racial discrimination have odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety that are 2.3 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than those who never experience discrimination. Support from family and friends moderates these relationships and perceived competitiveness exacerbates them. LGBTQ students and students who self-report that finances are a struggle or tight also have higher odds of depression and anxiety. Students in the humanities, arts and architecture have significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than the sample as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper offers broadest base of evidence to date about patterns that are usually experienced at the individual level or analyzed institution-by-institution and field-by-field. Specifically, the author identified social dynamics, fields of study and populations where attention to wellbeing may be especially warranted. The conceptual framework and multivariate results clarify how organizational and individual factors in graduate students’ mental health may be intertwined through competitive, discriminatory, or supportive interactions with peers, faculty, family and friends. Findings clarify a need for awareness of the contexts and interactions that graduate students experience as well as individual factors that are associated with student wellbeing.
Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Sandra , García‐Aznar José Manuel , Gonzalo‐Asensio Jesús 
Published: March 2021

SummarySome bacteria have coevolved to establish symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with plants, animals or humans. With human association, the bacteria can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, understanding bacterial phenotypes at the single‐cell level is essential to develop beneficial applications. Traditional microbiological techniques have provided great knowledge about these organisms; however, they have also shown limitations, such as difficulties in culturing some bacteria, the heterogeneity of bacterial populations or difficulties in recreating some physical or biological conditions. Microfluidics is an emerging technique that complements current biological assays. Since microfluidics works with micrometric volumes, it allows fine‐tuning control of the test conditions. Moreover, it allows the recruitment of three‐dimensional (3D) conditions, in which several processes can be integrated and gradients can be generated, thus imitating physiological 3D environments. Here, we review some key microfluidic‐based studies describing the effects of different microenvironmental conditions on bacterial response, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. For this aim, we present different studies classified into six groups according to the design of the microfluidic device: (i) linear channels, (ii) mixing channels, (iii) multiple floors, (iv) porous devices, (v) topographic devices and (vi) droplet microfluidics. Hence, we highlight the potential and possibilities of using microfluidic‐based technology to study bacterial phenotypes in comparison with traditional methodologies.
Psoas muscle depletion during preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer has a negative impact on long‐term outcomes after gastrectomy
Authors: Horii Nobutoshi , Kosaka Takashi , Fujiwara Ryo , Sato Sho , Akiyama Hirotoshi , Kunisaki Chikara , Endo Itaru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe significance of sarcopenia in cancers has been widely recognized. However, few studies have focused on chronological changes in sarcopenia in cancer patients. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of changes in the psoas muscle area before and after preoperative chemotherapy.MethodsThis study included 39 patients who underwent gastrectomy followed by preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer between January 2010 and December 2016 in our hospital. The psoas muscle area was measured at the umbilical level before and after chemotherapy, and the relationship between its chronological changes and the long‐term prognosis was examined.ResultsPatients were classified into two groups according to changes in the psoas muscle area before and after preoperative chemotherapy: remarkable muscle depletion and normal groups. No significant differences were observed in clinicopathological factors. Notably, the remarkable muscle depletion group included significantly more male patients (P = .018) and showed a high weight loss rate (P < .001). Although no significant difference was observed in the recurrence‐free survival between the two groups (P = .484), overall survival was significantly worse in the remarkable muscle depletion group (P < .001). Multivariate analysis for prognosis revealed that pathological stage III or higher (P = .022) and decreased psoas muscle area (P = .038) were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that psoas muscle depletion during preoperative chemotherapy is a prognostic factor for poor long‐term outcomes in patients who underwent gastrectomy followed by preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.
Stress, physical activity, and screen‐related sedentary behaviour within the first month of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Woodruff Sarah J. , Coyne Paige , St‐Pierre Emily 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated how stress, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, of a small sample of Canadians, changed within the first month (i.e. March/April) of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the reasons/barriers associated with such changes. Individuals who regularly wear activity trackers were recruited via social media. Participants (N = 121) completed fillable calendars (March/April 2020) with their step counts and answered an online survey. Separate paired‐sample t‐tests, one‐way ANOVAs and bivariate chi‐squares were conducted, in addition to qualitative analysis. Daily (p <.001) and work (p =.003) stress increased, physical activity (measured by step count) decreased (p =.0014), and screen‐related sedentary behaviour increased (p <.001) as a result of COVID‐19. A decrease in physical activity, as a result of the pandemic, was also associated with a larger increase in work stress, compared with those who self‐reported their physical activity to have been maintained or increased (p =.005). The most common reasons/barriers to changes in physical activity behaviours were access/equipment, time and motivation. Findings provide initial evidence of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the health of some Canadians and highlight the need for continued monitoring of the health of Canadians throughout the pandemic.
Suicide prevention in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of current knowledge on risk and protective factors and effectiveness of interventions
Authors: Wasserman Danuta , Carli Vladimir , Iosue Miriam , Javed Afzal , Herrman Helen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a global mental health problem for people of all ages. While rates of suicide in children and adolescents are reported as lower than those in older populations worldwide, they represent the third leading cause of death in 15–19‐year‐olds. The rates are higher among boys than girls worldwide, though the death rates for girls exceed those for boys in Bangladesh, China, India, and Nepal. There has been a general decrease in adolescent suicide rates over recent decades. However, increases are reported in South East Asia as well as South America over the same time period.MethodsA narrative review method has been used to summarize current knowledge about risk and protective factors for suicide among children and adolescents and to discuss evidence‐based strategy for suicide prevention in this age group.ResultsIdentified suicide risk and protective factors for children and adolescents largely overlap with those for adults. Nevertheless, developmental characteristics may strengthen the impact of some factors, such as decision‐making style, coping strategies, family and peer relationships, and victimization. The implementation of evidence‐based suicide preventive strategies is needed. Restricting access to lethal means, school‐based awareness and skill training programs, and interventions delivered in clinical and community settings have been proven effective. The effectiveness of gatekeeper training and screening programs in reducing suicidal ideation and behavior is unproven but widely examined in selected settings.DiscussionSince most studies have been conducted in western countries, future research should assess the effectiveness of these promising strategies in different cultural contexts. The use of more rigorous study designs, the use of both short‐ and long‐term follow‐up evaluations, the larger inclusion of individuals belonging to vulnerable groups, the evaluation of online intervention, and the analysis of programs' cost‐effectiveness are also required.
The Janus face of ouabain in Na+/K+‐ATPase and calcium signalling in neurons
Authors: Kinoshita Paula Fernanda , Orellana Ana Maria Marques , Nakao Vinicius Watanabe , de Souza Port's Natacha Medeiros , Quintas Luis Eduardo Menezes , Kawamoto Elisa Mitiko , Scavone Cristoforo 
Published: March 2021

Na+/K+‐ATPase, a transmembrane protein essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, acts as a receptor for cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain. Cardiotonic steroids binding to Na+/K+‐ATPase triggers signalling pathways or inhibits Na+/K+‐ATPas activity in a concentration‐dependent manner, resulting in a modulation of Ca2+levels, which are essential for homeostasis in neurons. However, most of the pharmacological strategies for avoiding neuronal death do not target Na+/K+‐ATPase activity due to its complexity and the poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in Na+/K+‐ATPase modulation. The present review aims to discuss two points regarding the interplay between Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+signalling in the brain. One, Na+/K+‐ATPase impairment causing illness and neuronal death due to Ca2+signalling and two, benefits to the brain by modulating Na+/K+‐ATPase activity. These interactions play an essential role in neuronal cell fate determination and are relevant to find new targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Patient decision‐making and regret in pilonidal sinus surgery: a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Strong Emily , Callaghan Tia , Beal Erin , Moffatt Christine , Wickramasekera Nyantara , Brown Steven , Lee Matthew J. , Winton Catherine , Hind Daniel ,   PITSTOP Project Management Group, PITSTOP Collaborators
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimLittle is known about optimal management strategies for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD). We conducted a mixed‐methods study to understand why patients make, and sometimes regret, treatment decisions.MethodWe conducted longitudinal semi‐structured interviews at the time of surgery and 6 months later with 20 patients from 13 UK hospitals. Framework analysis was performed, and themes were mapped to (1) the coping in deliberation framework and (2) an acceptability framework. Results were triangulated with those from structured survey instruments evaluating shared decision‐making (SDM, best = 9) at baseline and decision regret (DR, most regret = 100) at 6 months.ResultsNine of 20 patients were not offered a choice of treatment, but this was not necessarily seen as negative (SDM median 4; range 2–4). Factors that influenced decision‐making included previous experience and anticipated recovery time. Median (range) DR was 5 (0–50). Those with the highest DR (scores 40–50) were, paradoxically, also amongst the highest scores on SDM (scores 4). Burden of wound care and the disparity between anticipated and actual recovery time were the main reasons for decision regret.ConclusionTo minimize regret about surgical decisions, people with PSD need better information about the burden of wound care and the risks of recurrence associated with different surgical approaches.
Integrated species distribution models: A comparison of approaches under different data quality scenarios
Authors: Ahmad Suhaimi Siti Sarah , Blair Gordon S. , Jarvis Susan G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimIntegrated species distribution modelling has emerged as a useful tool for ecologists to exploit the range of information available on where species occur. In particular, the ability to combine large numbers of ad hoc or presence‐only (PO) records with more structured presence–absence (PA) data can allow ecologists to account for biases in PO data which often confound modelling efforts. A range of modelling techniques have been suggested to implement integrated species distribution models (IDMs) including joint likelihood models, including one dataset as a covariate or informative prior, and fitting a correlation structure between datasets. We aim to investigate the performance of different types of integrated models under realistic ecological data scenarios.InnovationWe use a virtual ecologist approach to investigate which integrated model is most advantageous under varying levels of spatial bias in PO data, sample size of PA data and spatial overlap between datasets.Main conclusionsJoint likelihood models were the best performing models when spatial bias in PO data was low, or could be modelled, but gave poor estimates when there were unknown biases in the data. Correlation models provided good model estimates even when there were unknown biases and when good quality PA data were spatially limited. Including PO data via an informative prior provided little improvement over modelling PA data alone and was inferior to using either the joint likelihood or correlation approach. Our results suggest that correlation models provide a robust alternative to joint likelihood models when covariates related to effort or detection in PO data are not available. Ecologists should be aware of the limitations of each approach and consider how well biases in the data can be modelled when deciding which type of IDM to use.