bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cervical cancer screening: awareness is not enough”. Understanding barriers to screening among women in West Cameroon—a qualitative study using focus groups.
Authors: Datchoua Moukam Alida Manoëla , Embolo Owono Muriel Samartha , Kenfack Bruno , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick , Sormani Jessica , Schmidt Nicole C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in sub-Saharan countries, constituting a major public health concern. In Cameroon, cervical cancer ranks as the second most common type of cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, mainly due to the lack of prevention.

Objectives
Our first and main objective was to understand the barriers affecting women’s decision-making process regarding participation in a cervical cancer screening program in the Dschang district (West Cameroon). Second, we aimed to explore the acceptability and perception of a single-visit approach (screen and treat).

Methods
A qualitative study using focus groups (FGs) was conducted from February to March 2020. Female participants aged between 30 and 49 years and their male partners were invited to participate. Thematic analysis was used, and barriers were classified according to the three-delay model of Thaddeus and Maine.

Results
In total, six FGs with 43 participants (31 women and 12 men) were conducted. The most important barriers were lack of health literacy, low accessibility of the program (in respect to cost and distance), and disrespectful treatment by healthcare workers.

Conclusions
Our study identified three needs: (1) enhancing health literacy; (2) improving the delivery of cervical cancer screening in rural areas; and (3) providing training for healthcare providers and community healthcare workers to improve patient-provider-communication.
Trial registration Ethical Cantonal Board of Geneva, Switzerland (CCER, N°2017-0110 and CER-amendment n°3) and Cameroonian National Ethics Committee for Human Health Research (N°2018/07/1083/CE/CNERSH/SP). NCT: 03757299
Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity
Authors: Gupta Neha , Reddy Kishorekumar , Bhattacharyya Dhriti , Chakraborty✉ Supriya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants. As a response to viral infection, plants have evolved to deploy various strategies to subvert the virus invasion and reinstate cellular homeostasis.

Main body
Numerous reports exploring various aspects of plant-geminivirus interaction portray the subtlety and flexibility of the host–pathogen dynamics. To leverage this pool of knowledge towards raising antiviral resistance in host plants, a comprehensive account of plant’s defence response against geminiviruses is required. This review discusses the current knowledge of plant’s antiviral responses exerted to geminivirus in the light of resistance mechanisms and the innate genetic factors contributing to the defence. We have revisited the defence pathways involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing, ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway, protein kinase signalling cascades, autophagy, and hypersensitive responses. In addition, geminivirus-induced phytohormonal fluctuations, the subsequent alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, and their impact on pathogenesis along with the recent advancements of CRISPR-Cas9 technique in generating the geminivirus resistance in plants have been discussed.

Conclusions
Considering the rapid development in the field of plant-virus interaction, this review provides a timely and comprehensive account of molecular nuances that define the course of geminivirus infection and can be exploited in generating virus-resistant plants to control global agricultural damage.
Transit time flow measurement of coronary bypass grafts before and after protamine administration
Authors: Leviner Dror B. , von Mücke Similon Miriam , Rosati Carlo Maria , Amabile Andrea , Thuijs Daniel J. F. M. , Giammarco Gabriele Di , Wendt Daniel , Trachiotis Gregory D. , Kieser Teresa M. , Kappetein A. Pieter , Head Stuart J. , Taggart David P. , Puskas John D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative graft assessment with tools like Transit Time Flow Measurement (TTFM) is imperative for quality control in coronary surgery. We investigated the variation of TTFM parameters before and after protamine administration to identify new benchmark parameters for graft quality assessment.

Methods
The database of the REQUEST (“REgistry for QUality AssESsmenT with Ultrasound Imaging and TTFM in Cardiac Bypass Surgery”) study was retrospectively reviewed. A per graft analysis was performed. Only single grafts (i.e., no sequential nor composite grafts) where both pre- and post-protamine TTFM values were recorded with an acoustical coupling index > 30% were included. Grafts with incomplete data and mixed grafts (arterio-venous) were excluded. A second analysis was performed including single grafts only in the same MAP range pre- and post- protamine administration.

Results
After adjusting for MAP, we found a small increase in MGF (29 mL/min to 30 mL/min, p = 0.009) and decrease in PI (2.3 to 2.2, p <  0.001) were observed after the administration of protamine. These changes were especially notable for venous conduits and for CABG procedures performed on-pump.

Conclusion
The small changes in TTFM parameters observed before and after protamine administration seem to be clinically irrelevant, despite being statistically significant in aggregate. Our data do not support a need to perform TTFM measurements both before and after protamine administration. A single TTFM measurement taken either before or after protamine may suffice to achieve reliable data on each graft’s performance. Depending on the specific clinical situation and intraoperative changes, more measurements may be informative.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials Number: NCT02385344, registered February 17th, 2015.
Elevated retrotransposon activity and genomic instability in primed pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fu Haifeng , Zhang Weiyu , Li Niannian , Yang Jiao , Ye Xiaoying , Tian Chenglei , Lu Xinyi , Liu Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNaïve and primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent two different pluripotent states. Primed PSCs following in vitro culture exhibit lower developmental potency as evidenced by failure in germline chimera assays, unlike mouse naïve PSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the lower developmental competency of primed PSCs remain elusive.ResultsWe examine the regulation of telomere maintenance, retrotransposon activity, and genomic stability of primed PSCs and compare them with naïve PSCs. Surprisingly, primed PSCs only minimally maintain telomeres and show fragile telomeres, associated with declined DNA recombination and repair activity, in contrast to naïve PSCs that robustly elongate telomeres. Also, we identify LINE1 family integrantL1Md_Tas naïve-specific retrotransposon and ERVK family integrantIAPEzto define primed PSCs, and their transcription is differentially regulated by heterochromatic histones and Dnmt3b. Notably, genomic instability of primed PSCs is increased, in association with aberrant retrotransposon activity.ConclusionsOur data suggest that fragile telomere, retrotransposon-associated genomic instability, and declined DNA recombination repair, together with reduced function of cell cycle and mitochondria, increased apoptosis, and differentiation properties may link to compromised developmental potency of primed PSCs, noticeably distinguishable from naïve PSCs.
Soil microbial functional diversity responses to different vegetation types in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve
Authors: Weng Xiaohong , Li Jiayi , Sui Xin , Li Mengsha , Yin Weiping , Ma Weichao , Yang Libin , Mu Liqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The soil microbial community is an important bioactive component of terrestrial ecosystems. Its structural and functional diversity directly affects carbon and nitrogen processes. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in forests with different types of vegetation.

Methods
We selected three typical vegetation types, larch (LG), black birch (BD), and larch and black birch mixed (LGBD) forests, located in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve. The Biolog-Eco microplate technology was selected to perform these analyses.

Result
Our results showed clear differences between microorganisms in the three typical forests. The average well colour development (AWCD) change rate gradually increased with incubation time. The BD type had the highest AWCD value, followed by LGBD; the LG forest type had the lowest value. The difference in the soil microbial alpha diversity index between BD and LG was significant. A principal component analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 respectively explained 62.77% and 13.3% of the variance observed. The differences in the soil microbial carbon-source utilisation patterns under different vegetation types were mainly caused by esters and carbohydrates. Redundancy analysis showed that soil microbial functional diversity was strongly affected by soil physicochemistrical properties (e.g. organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH).

Conclusion
These results provide a reference for further exploring the relationship between forest communities and soil microbes during the process of forest succession.
Gene–gene and gene-environment interactions on cord blood total IgE in Chinese Han children
Authors: Hua Li , Liu Quanhua , Li Jing , Zuo Xianbo , Chen Qian , Li Jingyang , Wang Yuwei , Liu Haipei , Shen Zhaobo , Li Yi , Ma Zenan , Dong Shengdong , Ji Ruoxu , Fang Dingzhu , Chen Yi , Zhong Wenwei , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jianhua , Bao Yixiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIL13, IL4, IL4RA, FCER1BandADRB2are susceptible genes of asthma and atopy. Our previous study has found gene–gene interactions on asthma between these genes in Chinese Han children. Whether the interactions begin in fetal stage, and whether these genes interact with prenatal environment to enhance cord blood IgE (CBIgE) levels and then cause subsequent allergic diseases have yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether there are gene–gene and gene-environment interactions on CBIgE elevation among the aforementioned five genes and prenatal environmental factors in Chinese Han population.Methods989 cord blood samples from a Chinese birth cohort were genotyped for nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes, and measured for CBIgE levels. Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. Gene–gene and gene-environment interactions were analyzed with generalized multifactor dimensionality methods.ResultsA four-way gene–gene interaction model (IL13rs20541,IL13rs1800925,IL4rs2243250 andADRB2rs1042713) was regarded as the optimal one for CBIgE elevation (testing balanced accuracy = 0.5805,P = 9.03 × 10–4). Among the four SNPs, onlyIL13rs20541 was identified to have an independent effect on elevated CBIgE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36,P = 3.57 × 10–3), while the other three had small but synergistic effects. Carriers ofIL13rs20541 TT,IL13rs1800925 CT/TT,IL4rs2243250 TT andADRB2rs1042713 AA were estimated to be at more than fourfold higher risk for CBIgE elevation (OR = 4.14,P = 2.69 × 10–2). Gene-environment interaction on elevated CBIgE was found betweenIL4rs2243250 and maternal atopy (OR = 1.41,P = 2.65 × 10–2).ConclusionsGene–gene interaction betweenIL13rs20541,IL13rs1800925,IL4rs2243250 andADRB2rs1042713, and gene-environment interaction betweenIL4rs2243250 and maternal atopy begin in prenatal stage to augment IgE production in Chinese Han children.
Research on the influence of accounting computerization and networking on E-commerce
Authors: Shi Wenquan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractE-commerce has broken through the pattern and boundary of traditional commodity exchange, so that there is no need for face-to-face transactions between merchants and consumers. This has impacted the traditional accounting industry, which broke the environmental setting of traditional accounting industry. This requires the extension and expansion of the economic environment of the new accounting industry, which has led to the computerization of accounting and the network of further upgrades. Accounting computerization and networking have greatly improved the speed and accuracy of accounting information processing, and at the same time made the classification of accounting duties more clear. However, accounting computerization and higher-level networking have in turn affected the development of e-commerce. Due to the rapid development of e-commerce, the corresponding internal auditing schemes of traditional enterprises have been unable to meet accounting and computerization. The impact of this will constrain the further development of e-commerce. Accounting computerization and networking the internal audit of e-commerce is mainly reflected in clues, internal control, and content and environment issues. This paper analyses the impact of accounting computerization and networking on the internal auditing of e-commerce, and finally analyse the auditing setup and experience based on a company H in the accounting information system, and explore the accounting calculation. In the context of globalization and networking, the strategy of how to deal with the trial and control part of e-commerce.
On a fractional problem of Lane–Emden type: Ulam type stabilities and numerical behaviors
Authors: Tablennehas Kamel , Dahmani Zoubir , Belhamiti Meriem Mansouria , Abdelnebi Amira , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study some types of Ulam stability for a nonlinear fractional differential equation of Lane–Emden type with anti periodic conditions. Then, by using a numerical approach for the Caputo derivative, we investigate behaviors of the considered problem.
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes and identification of an miRNA–mRNA network associated with entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Haoming , Zou Linqing , Shi Jinhong , Han Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, and the lesions originate in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HIP) at the early stage of AD progression. Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Recent discoveries have uncovered the essential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aging and have identified the potential of miRNAs serving as biomarkers in AD diagnosis.

Methods
We sought to apply bioinformatics tools to investigate microarray profiles and characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both EC and HIP and identify specific candidate genes and pathways that might be implicated in AD for further analysis. Furthermore, we considered that DEGs might be dysregulated by miRNAs. Therefore, we investigated patients with AD and healthy controls by studying the gene profiling of their brain and blood samples to identify AD-related DEGs, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), along with gene ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and construction of an AD-specific miRNA–mRNA interaction network.

Results
Our analysis identified 10 key hub genes in the EC and HIP of patients with AD, and these hub genes were focused on energy metabolism, suggesting that metabolic dyshomeostasis contributed to the progression of the early AD pathology. Moreover, after the construction of an miRNA–mRNA network, we identified 9 blood-related DEmiRNAs, which regulated 10 target genes in the KEGG pathway.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated these DEmiRNAs having the potential to act as diagnostic biomarkers at an early stage of AD.
Density of medical and recreational cannabis outlets: racial/ethnic differences in the associations with young adult intentions to use cannabis, e-cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine
Authors: Shih Regina A. , Tucker Joan S. , Pedersen Eric R. , Seelam Rachana , Dunbar Michael S. , Kofner Aaron , Firth Caislin , D’Amico Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Differences in access to medical versus recreational cannabis outlets and their associations with intentions to use cannabis have not yet been examined among young adults. This study compares the associations between densities of medical versus recreational cannabis outlets and young adults’ intentions to use cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine products. Racial/ethnic differences in these associations were examined.

Methods
Young adults ages 18–23 (mean age = 20.9) in Los Angeles County were surveyed online in 2018 after the legalization of recreational cannabis (n = 604). Multiple linear regressions were estimated for the entire sample and stratified by race/ethnicity. Outcomes were intentions to use cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine in the next 6 months. Density was measured as the number of medical cannabis dispensaries (MCDs), recreational cannabis retailers (RCRs), and outlets of any type within 5 miles of respondents’ homes.

Results
Living near more outlets of any type was not significantly associated with intentions to use in the full sample, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics. However, race/ethnicity-stratified models indicated that living near more outlets of any type and more RCRs were significantly associated with stronger co-use intentions among white young adults. Higher MCD density was marginally associated with stronger co-use intentions among Asian young adults. However, higher MCD density was significantly associated with lower intentions to use e-cigarettes among Hispanic young adults.

Conclusions
The results suggest racial/ethnic differences in the impact of living near cannabis outlets on intentions to use. Prevention efforts targeting young adults who live near more cannabis outlets may be especially beneficial for white and Asian young adults.
Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer
Authors: Girisa Sosmitha , Henamayee Sahu , Parama Dey , Rana Varsha , Dutta Uma , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
Oncologists' Perspective on Dental Care Around the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pattern of Practice Survey
Authors: Ward Matthew C. , Carpenter Michael D. , Noll Jenene , Carrizosa Daniel , Moeller Benjamin J. , Helgeson Erika S. , Lalla Rajesh V. , Brennan Michael T. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE: Patients with head and neck cancer are at risk of long-term dental complications. Proper dental assessment pre- and post-treatment can improve outcomes but is logistically challenging. We surveyed oncologists to better understand their perspectives surrounding dental care in this unique population. METHODS: We surveyed oncologists at institutions associated with an ongoing national study of oral health after treatment of head and neck cancer. Seventeen questions were used to assess provider characteristics, patterns of practice, patterns of referral, barriers to referral, and willingness to apply fluoride varnish in the oncology clinic. RESULTS: Ninety-seven oncologists were invited from six institutions, of whom 40 (41%) responded. Surgeons represented 45% of the sample, followed by radiation oncologists (40%) and medical oncologists (15%). Both generalists and subspecialists were included. All practiced in a metropolitan area with an academic dental practice, and many felt that this improved access to care. Despite this, most oncologists thought that financial factors were a significant barrier to obtaining timely dental care. Most oncologists performed a dental assessment during visits. Oncologists felt qualified to identify the most significant complications of treatment, such as exposed bone, but felt underqualified to identify early changes in need of intervention. When asked if the oncology clinic could apply fluoride varnish during follow-ups, most stated that this seemed feasible but would require education and financial support. CONCLUSION: Oncologists often perform limited dental evaluations during their routine visits. Given the challenges associated with access to proper dental care for this population, these oncology visits may provide a window for preventative intervention.
Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor as the Presenting Feature of McCune-Albright Syndrome
Authors: Marks Brynn E , Sugrue Ronan , Bourgeois Wallace , Frazier A Lindsay , Voss Stephan D , Laufer Marc R , Gordon Catherine M , Cohen Laurie E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
GNAS mutations have been reported in both McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT) but have never been reported simultaneously in the same patient.

Case Presentation
A 15-year-old girl developed secondary oligomenorrhea. Laboratory studies revealed suppressed gonadotropin levels with markedly elevated estradiol and inhibin B levels. Pelvic ultrasound showed a 12-cm heterogeneous right adnexal mass; pelvic magnetic resonance imaging to further characterize the mass displayed heterogeneous bilateral femoral bone lesions initially concerning for metastatic disease. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed minimal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the pelvic mass but unexpectedly revealed FDG uptake throughout the skeleton, concerning for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the context of MAS. The adnexal mass was excised and pathology confirmed a JGCT. The patient’s affected bone and JGCT tissue revealed the same pathogenic GNAS p.R201C mutation, while her peripheral blood contained wild-type arginine at codon 201.

Conclusion
This mutation has been previously reported in cases of MAS and JGCT but never simultaneously in the same patient. This demonstration of a GNAS mutation underlying both JGCT and MAS in the same patient raises questions about appropriate surveillance for patients with these conditions.