bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Second Hit Somatic (P.R905W) and a Novel Germline Intron-Mutation of TSC2 Gene is Found in Intestinal Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Han Bogyeong , Lee Juhwan , Kwak Yoon Jin , Kim Hyun-Young , Lee Kwang Hoon , Shim Yumi , Lee Hyunju , Park Sung-Hye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with germline mutations in TSC1 and TSC2, including exonic, intronic, or mosaic mutations. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an extremely rare manifestation of TSC, with few reported cases. Herein, we aimed to determine the driver mutation, pathogenesis, and relationship of germline and somatic mutations of LAM through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the tumor and blood samples and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) analysis. Case presentation: A nine-year-old girl with a full-blown TSC presented with abdominal masses detected during a routine check-up. Resected intestinal masses were diagnosed as LAM by thorough pathological examination. Interestingly, the LAM presented a somatic TSC2 gene mutation in exon 24 (p.R905W, c.C2713T), and the patient had intron retention by a novel germline mutation in the intron region of TSC2 (chr16:2126489, C>G). Conclusion: Our case suggests that intron retention by a single nucleotide intronic mutation of TSC2 is sufficient to develop severe manifestations of TSC, but the development of LAM requires an additional somatic oncogenic mutation.
Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Patients
Authors: Engen Phillip A. , Naqib Ankur , Jennings Cheryl , Green Stefan J. , Landay Alan , Keshavarzian Ali , Voigt Robin M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigated nasopharyngeal microbial community structure in COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed microbial community structure differences between COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that: (1) nasopharyngeal microbiome communities can be assessed using collection procedures for SARS-CoV-2 testing and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered dysbiotic microbial profiles which could be a biomarker for disease progression and prognosis in SARS-CoV-2.
Impact of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 during the first wave in Spain
Authors: Soriano Alejandro , Montejano Rocío , Moreno José Sanz , Figueira Juan Carlos , Grau Santiago , Güerri-Fernández Robert , Castro-Gomez Antonio , Pérez-Román Inés , Hidalgo-Vega Álvaro , González-Domínguez Almudena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Spain was one of the most affected countries during the first wave of COVID-19, having the highest mortality rate in Europe. The aim of this retrospective study is to estimate the impact that remdesivir -the first drug for COVID-19 approved in EU- would have had in the first wave. Methods: This study estimated the impact on the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) capacity (bed occupancy), and the number of deaths that could have been prevented, based on two scenarios: a real-life scenario (without remdesivir), and an alternative scenario (with remdesivir). It considered the clinical results of the ACTT-1 trial in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, who required supplemental oxygen. The occupancy rates in general wards and ICUs were estimated in both scenarios. Results: Remdesivir would have avoided the admission of 2,587 patients (43.75%) in the ICUs. It would have also increased the SNHS capacity in 5,656 general wards beds and 1,700 ICU beds, showing an increase in the number of beds available of 17.53% (95% CI: 3.98% - 24.42%), and 23.98% (95% CI: 21.33% - 28.22%), respectively, at the peak of the occupancy rates. Furthermore, remdesivir would have avoided 7,639 deaths due to COVID-19, which implies a 27.51% reduction (95% CI: 14.25% - 34.07%). Conclusions: Remdesivir would have relieved the pressure of the SNHS, and would have reduced the death toll, providing a better strategy for the management of COVID-19 during the first wave.
On Non-Spherical Models for Spiral Galaxy Gravitation Potential Yielding Flat Rotation Curve
Authors: Sen Swagatam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A two component model of gravitation potential for spiral galaxies has been proposed which couples a spherically symmetric component with a second component that observes planar radial symmetry on the galactic plane and vanishes outside an annular disk beyond the edge of galaxy's effective radius. It is shown that such a model for potential satisfying Poisson Equation would produce rotation velocity curve towards the edge of the galaxy which is flat over distance from the galactic centre. This relationship, which is experimentally observed in many spiral galaxies, is shown as a consequence of classical understanding of gravity and specific symmetry of the gravitational potential without any extrinsic requirement of dark matter. It is also demonstrated that this potential directly yields a relationship between inner mass of the galaxy and terminal rotation velocity, which has been empirically observed and known as Baryonic Tully-Fisher relations. Furthermore a direct test has been proposed for experimental verification of the proposed theory.
Simulation of the Progression of the COVID-19 Disease in Northwest Syria Using Basic and Adjusted SIR Model
Authors: Abdulla Orwa Al , Kallström Agneta , Kauhanen Jussi , Valderrama Camilo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Syria has been experienced an armed conflict since 2011. At the time of writing, Northwest Syria is outside governmental control and facing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, we studied the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in northwest Syria. We studied the impact of wearing facial masks and discussed the results compared to the existing figures and facts.
Methods: Based on available data and using the basic and adjusted SIR model, we estimated the value of the basic reproduction number () which gives an initial prediction of the disease progression. We studied the disease progression for one year (from July 2020 to July 2021) and simulated using the basic and adjusted SIR models.
Results: We estimated that the for 2019-nCOV was 2.38, and the resulted figures were overestimated compared to the reported numbers and data concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when adjusting the model by a preventive measure (in this case, wearing face masks), the results were significantly less and closer to the actual reported numbers.
Conclusions: Hospital utilization throughout 365 days was projected depending on the basic and adjusted SIR model. The pandemic's peak in the studied area was predicted to arise in December 2020. The expected number of cases to be infected and admitted to hospitals and ICU in 365 days was 633636, 1901, and between 1141 and 2090, accordingly.
Neonatal outcomes in pregnant women infected with COVID-19 in Babol, North of Iran: retrospective study with short-term follow-up
Authors: Akbarian-Rad Zahra , Mojaveri Mohsen Haghshenas , Bouzari Zinatossadat , Sadeghi Farzin , Yahyapour Yousef , Rad Mojgan Naeimi , Alizadeh Somayeh , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Javanian Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of pregnant women and neonates suffering from COVID-19 increased. However, there is a lack of evidence on clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. We evaluated short-term outcomes (4 weeks post-discharge) and symptoms in neonates born to mothers infected with COVID-19. In this retrospective cohort study, we included all neonates born to pregnant women with COVID-19 who were admitted to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol, Iran, from February 10 to May 20, 2020. Clinical features, treatments, and neonatal outcomes were measured. Eight neonates were included in the current study. The mean gestational age and birth weight of newborns were 37 ± 3.19 weeks (30₊6 − 40) and 3077.50 ± 697.64 gr (1720–3900) respectively. Apgar score of the first and fifth minutes in all neonates was ≥ 8 and ≥ 9 out of 10 respectively. The most clinical presentations in symptomatic neonates were respiratory distress, tachypnea, vomiting, and feeding intolerance. This manifestation and high levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), in three infants, are common in neonatal sepsis. The blood culture in all of them was negative. They have been successfully treated with our standard treatment. Our pregnant women showed a pattern of clinical characteristics and laboratory results almost similar to those described for non-pregnant COVID-19 infection. This study found no evidence of intrauterine or peripartum transmission of COVID-19 from mother to her child. Furthermore, the long-term outcomes of neonates need more study.
Ribavirin Aerosol in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Messina Emanuela , Danise Anna , Ferrari  , Andolina Andrea , Chiurlo Matteo , Razanakolona SN Marie , Barakat  , Israel Robert J. , Castagna Antonella 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ribavirin is an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor with demonstrated activity against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Two hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by positive tests for SARS-CoV-2) received treatment with ribavirin for inhalation solution (ribavirin aerosol) as part of a compassionate use program. Patient 1 was a 33-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history. Patient 2 was a 29-year-old male who was an active smoker. Both patients were managed according to international and Italian treatment guidelines for COVID-19. In addition, therapy with ribavirin aerosol 100 mg/mL was administered for 30 minutes twice daily for 6 days (ie, 12 doses) in both patients. In order to address concerns about a possible increase in viral dispersal with the use of a nebulizer, healthcare providers remained outside the patient room during ribavirin aerosol administration. Pretreatment chest computed tomography scans showed pseudonodular areas in the upper right lobe with associated ground glass opacities (Patient 1) and multiple areas of parenchymal consolidation in both lower lobes with associated ground glass opacities (Patient 2) that were almost completely resolved on imaging at the end of ribavirin treatment. No adverse reactions to ribavirin treatment were observed in either patient. Both patients recovered fully, and 2 sequential nasopharyngeal swabs obtained after hospital discharge tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Ribavirin aerosol appears to be efficacious in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The compassionate use study of ribavirin aerosol is ongoing and will provide additional data across a broader patient population.
DIVISÃO SEXUAL DO TRABALHO ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DA COVID 19
Authors: Abreu de Oliveira Fernanda , Marques de Queiroz Fernanda , Diniz Maria Ilidiana 
Published: March 2021

O artigo visa problematizar alguns elementos em torno da desigual divisão sexual do trabalho e como isso vem repercutindo em tempos de isolamento social em face da pandemia de Covid-19, que tem modificado a dinâmica social, com impactos diferenciados para homens e mulheres, uma vez que, mesmo em espaços em que há algum tipo de divisão do trabalho doméstico e do cuidado, a responsabilização por tais atividades ainda é quase que exclusivamente das mulheres. Compreendemos, portanto, que o trabalho doméstico extrapola a dimensão de uma atividade doméstica, se configurando em uma forma de exploração de milhões mulheres na sociedade capitalista.
Morphological and Proteomic Evaluation of Zea Mays in Response to Osmotic Stress
Authors: Thamaga L. , Ruzvidzo O. , Dikobe T.B. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Drought is the main abiotic stress responsible for crop loss worldwide. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely grown drought-sensitive crop used as a staple food by the growing population. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the molecular mechanisms behind drought response and tolerance in maize. Transcriptomic profiling of abiotic stress responsive pathways in various crops appeared to be an unreliable approach due to post-transcriptional modifications, while there is limited published data on molecular mechanisms of osmotic-stress response in maize. Hence our study aimed at profiling osmotic stress responsive proteins augmented by their associated morphological features in Z. mays.

Materials and Methods:
In this regard, morphological and proteomic investigations were carried out on 16-day maize seedlings exposed to 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol(PEG) to induce osmotic-stress. Proteomics approach (one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis) compared differential protein abundance between controls and the osmotic stressed maize plants.

Results:
Morphological parameters such as plant growth, height, shoot diameter, leaf area, and colour were highly affected with PEG treatment as compared to the untreated ones. Molecular evaluation by 1D gel electrophoresis revealed that the separated protein patterns were highly expressed in the experiments than the controls. Using 2D gel electrophoresis, a total of seven and eight protein spots were revealed in experimental plants under 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) PEG treatment respectively while the control plants only expressed one protein. Increased drought stress resulted in a greater number of proteins with differential abundance.

Conclusion:
This study has successfully profiled the total osmotic stress responsive proteins and revealed the efficiency of proteomic tools in the qualitative detection of differential proteins from maize.
Maximizing the Rice Yield (Oryza Sativa L.) using NPK Fertilizer
Authors: Paiman . , Ardiyanta . , Kusumastuti C. Tri , Gunawan Sri , Ardiani Fani 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Rice has become a primary daily necessity for mostly Indonesian population. The upsurge of national rice production can be done by agricultural intensification through the application of NPK fertilizer.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of NPK Mutiara fertilizer, which could provide the highest rice yield of Ciherang variety in Alluvial soil.

Methods:
This study was a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The NPK Mutiara fertilizer treatment consisted of four doses, i.e., 0, 160, 320, and 480 kg ha‾1. The data observations were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance levels. The difference between the averages of the treatment was compared using Duncan′s new multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance levels.

Results:
The results of the research showed that the application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer could increase the growth and yield of the Ciherang variety in Alluvial soil. The quadratic regression analysis revealed that the optimum dose of NPK Mutiata was obtained at 656 kg ha‾1 with the maximum grains dry weight of 4.26 tons ha‾1. The application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer could not affect the shoot root ratio and panicle length.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study suggest that the application of NPK fertilizer interval has not reached the optimum dose in Alluvial soils for the Ciherang variety. Therefore, application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer with doses higher than 480 kg ha‾1 is required for alluvial soils.
Corrected ESR/Albumin Ratio as a Simple, Practical Marker Predicts the Severity in Egyptian Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: El Sharawy Shimaa , El-Horany Hemat , Amer Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Background:Serum biomarkers are commonly used for diagnosing and monitoring the disease activity of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. However, their role in predicting disease severity among Egyptian patients is unknown.Objectives:The aim of this study was to correlate these biomarkers with clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity.Methods:This is a cross-sectional survey where 55 patients with UC were included to measure corrected Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), hematocrit (Hct), corrected ESR/albumin ratio and albumin, as well as colonoscopy and biopsy. Sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values were correlated with clinical, endoscopic, histologic severity.Results:The mean age of patients was 33 ± 8.4 years. In total, 27 (49.1%) were males and 28 (50.9%) were females. Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the diagnosis of severe clinical disease were 0.947, 0.932, 0.727 and 0.685 for corrected ESR/albumin ratio, corrected ESR, Hct and albumin, respectively. Cut-off value to determine endoscopic severity for Hct was 34 (sensitivity: 88.89%, specificity: 83.78%, PPV: 72.7%, NPV: 93.9%, AUC: 0.963, p<0.001).Conclusion:Corrected ESR/albumin ratio was the best predictor of severe clinical activity of UC disease. Hct may be a marker of endoscopic and histological severity due to its high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic test.
The Use of Social Media for Health Research Purposes: Scoping Review
Authors: Bour Charline , Ahne Adrian , Schmitz Susanne , Perchoux Camille , Dessenne Coralie , Fagherazzi Guy 
Published: March 2021

Background
As social media are increasingly used worldwide, more and more scientists are relying on them for their health-related projects. However, social media features, methodologies, and ethical issues are unclear so far because, to our knowledge, there has been no overview of this relatively young field of research.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to provide an evidence map of the different uses of social media for health research purposes, their fields of application, and their analysis methods.

Methods
We followed the scoping review methodologies developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. After developing search strategies based on keywords (eg, social media, health research), comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We limited the search strategies to documents written in English and published between January 1, 2005, and April 9, 2020. After removing duplicates, articles were screened at the title and abstract level and at the full text level by two independent reviewers. One reviewer extracted data, which were descriptively analyzed to map the available evidence.

Results
After screening 1237 titles and abstracts and 407 full texts, 268 unique papers were included, dating from 2009 to 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 32.71% for the 2009-2019 period. Studies mainly came from the Americas (173/268, 64.6%, including 151 from the United States). Articles used machine learning or data mining techniques (60/268) to analyze the data, discussed opportunities and limitations of the use of social media for research (59/268), assessed the feasibility of recruitment strategies (45/268), or discussed ethical issues (16/268). Communicable (eg, influenza, 40/268) and then chronic (eg, cancer, 24/268) diseases were the two main areas of interest.

Conclusions
Since their early days, social media have been recognized as resources with high potential for health research purposes, yet the field is still suffering from strong heterogeneity in the methodologies used, which prevents the research from being compared and generalized. For the field to be fully recognized as a valid, complementary approach to more traditional health research study designs, there is now a need for more guidance by types of applications of social media for health research, both from a methodological and an ethical perspective.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040671
Comparative effectiveness of glasdegib versus venetoclax combined with low-dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tremblay Gabriel , Daniele Patrick , Bell Timothy , Chan Geoffrey , Brown Andrew , Cappelleri Joseph C 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Two combination therapies recently approved and recommended for use in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) in acute myeloid leukemia patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy are glasdegib+LDAC and venetoclax+LDAC.
Materials & methods:
An indirect treatment comparison used median overall survival, overall survival hazard ratios, complete remission (CR), CR+CR with incomplete blood count recovery and transfusion independence to assess comparative effectiveness, and a simulated treatment comparison accounted for differences in patient characteristics between trials.
Results:
Differences in efficacy between glasdegib+LDAC and venetoclax+LDAC were suggestive and not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
With no significant differences in comparative effectiveness, considerations such as safety profiles, burden of administration and patient preference are likely to guide treatment decisions.
Side effects of triazoles on treated crops
Authors: Jakl Michal , Zeljković Sanja Ćavar , Kovač Ishak , Bělonožníková Kateřina , Dytrtová Jana Jaklová 
Published: March 2021

Triazolic fungicides are widely applied in crop production to protect
plants against fungal pathogens. However, they may influence the
biochemical processes in plants and other non-target species. This paper
is aimed at the effect of triazoles (namely tebuconazole, cyproconazole,
and penconazole) single/mixed applications on the phenolics production
in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit peel, amount of
chlorophyll a and b in tomato leaves as well as on basic
plant growth parameters. For this purpose, cherry tomatoes were planted
in the pot experiment and foliarly-treated weekly, with the same total
triazoles dose of 3.52 μmol per plant (in mixtures of 1.71 or 1.17 μmol
of each in two or three components, respectively). The treatments
increased the weight of fruits in the 1 harvest
about 43%, however, this effect was not observed in the next harvest.
Increased oxidative stress in the triazoles presence was observed, based
on the elevated production of antioxidant phenolics in the
1 harvest. Most alarming is the decrease of the
weight of thin stems and foliage and the concentration of
chlorophyll a (b) in leaves in all triazoles-treated
variants. The non-target impacts on plant biochemical processes (related
to the phenolics or chlorophylls production and functionality) were
confirmed.
Frank Lewis Clarke (1933–2020): An International Journey in Quest of a More Serviceable Accounting
Authors: Dean Graeme W. , Persson Martin E. , Sargiacomo Massimo 
Published: March 2021

SYNOPSIS
Frank Lewis Clarke (1933–2020), a member of the Sydney School of Accounting, was a keen observer of business practices, successes, and failures, an international journeyman for better accounting standards, an influential accounting academic, and a master teacher. This memorial considers Clarke's early childhood, education, and his contribution to accounting scholarship. During a career spanning several decades, Clarke published over 50 articles in scholarly journals, a dozen books, smaller pieces in professional outlets and popular press, and many submissions to professional and governmental inquiries. Ideas were exposed in presentations at conferences nearly every year. His prodigious output addressed, generally, how to improve the usefulness of accounting data in respect to the uses ordinarily made of them. Much of his research examined accounting anomalies revealed in analyses of corporate financial dilemmas and unexpected corporate collapses. He leaves behind a legacy that highlights the need for a more serviceable accounting.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.