bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’aide au développement en Haïti : des réponses paradoxales aux déséquilibres territoriaux
Authors: Providence Christophe 
Published: April 2021

Cette étude cherche à expliquer les externalités locales générées par le système d’aide au développement territorial en Haïti. En prenant en compte les échelons territoriaux dans lesquels les projets sont réalisés, elle s’interroge sur les modes de répartition des flux financiers et humains par rapport aux besoins de développement exprimés par les populations locales. Deux phénomènes attirent alors l’attention : les acteurs locaux en interaction avec d’autres acteurs externes (1) et les externalités locales à partir de l’introduction des projets locaux dans les territoires (2). Nous proposons dans ce papier une analyse exploratoire des données géo-référencées qui consiste en un ensemble de techniques permettant de décrire et de visualiser les distributions spatiales des projets locaux. La prise en compte des externalités socioéconomiques dégagées par le système d’aide au développement renvoie au phénomène d’hétérogénéité spatiale qui caractérise les projets locaux. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent la réponse paradoxale de l’aide au développement qui ne fait qu’accroître la dépendance des acteurs locaux vis-à-vis des experts importés et renforcer les disparités territoriales.
A structural analysis of the hypoxia response network
Authors: Li Jianjie , Gao Yuqi , Yu Xuan 
Published: April 2021

Background
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway is an important topic in high-altitude medicine. Network analysis is a novel method for integrating information on different aspects and levels of biological networks. However, this method has not been used in research on the HIF-1 signaling pathway network. To introduce this method into HIF-1-related research fields and verify its feasibility and effectiveness, we used a network analytical method to explore the structural attributes of the HIF-1 signaling pathway network.

Methods
First, we analyzed the overall network of the HIF-1 signaling pathway using information retrieved from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). We performed topology analysis, centrality analysis, and subgroup analysis of the network. Then, we analyzed the core network based on the overall network analysis. We analyzed the properties of the topology, the bow-tie structure, and the structural complexity of the core network.

Results
We obtained topological structure diagrams and quantitative indicators of the overall and core networks of the HIF-1 signaling pathway. For the structure diagrams, we generated topology diagrams of the network and the bow-tie structure of the core network. As quantitative indicators, we identified topology, centrality, subgroups, the bow-tie structure, and structural complexity. The topology indicators were the number of nodes, the number of lines, the network diameter, and the network density. The centrality indicators were the degree, closeness, and betweenness. The cohesive subgroup indicator was the components of the network. The bow-tie structure indicators included the core, input, and tendril-like structures. The structural complexity indicators included a power-law fitting model and its scale parameter.

Conclusions
The core network could be extracted based on the subgroup analysis of the overall network of the HIF-1 signaling pathway. The critical elements of the network could be identified in the centrality analysis. The results of the study show the feasibility and effectiveness of the network analytical method used to explore the network properties of the HIF-1 signaling pathway and provide support for further research.
Ramadan Fasting and Intracerebral Hematoma: Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Eltoukhy Khaled , Mustafa Wessam , Elgendy Nadia , Egila Hossam 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Fasting over a prescribed period of time is a common religious tradition practiced by several prominent faiths in the world. It is also currently regaining interest as a medical practice, both as preventive and as therapy and/or simple choice of lifestyle. For the first time, we evaluate how Ramadan (an Islamic month) fasting can influence the incidence of intracerebral hematoma and its outcome.
Methods: 69 patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage enrolled in this study, 32 patients were enrolled during Ramadan (18 patients were fasting, 14 patients were not fasting) and 37 patients were enrolled one month later (Shawal) which is not a mandatory fasting month among Muslims. All patients were admitted to Neurology department, Mansoura university hospital. The clinical characteristics and mortality during hospital admission were noticed. They were all assessed using routine lab, CT brain, “National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale” (NIHSS) and “Modified Rankin Scale” (mRS).
Results: About 22 percentage of fasting patients with intracerebral hematoma died, 28.6% non-fasting patients died and 20.5% of patients died in the month after Ramadan without significant difference among the three groups (ρ>0.05). Also regarding NIHSS, hematoma expansion and mRS, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (ρ>0.05).
Conclusion: Ramadan fasting showed neither protective effect nor worsening as regard incidence or bad impact on patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Experimental Determination and Modeling of Desorption Isotherms of the Tomato "Lycopersicum esculentum"
Authors: Lankouande Roland , Nana G. Gilbert , Ouedraogo Souleymane , Palm Kalifa , Ouattara Frédéric , Kam Sié 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work is to make a contribution to the drying of tomatoes. The purpose of this contribution is the experimental determination of the desorption isotherms of a variety of tomato (one of the most widespread on the Burkinabe market place) using the static gravimetric method at temperatures of 25°C, 40°C and 50°C. It is more specifically a question of validating a theoretical model based on these experimental studies.
Sorption isotherms allow us to have information to establish the stability of food products and their storage conditions.
These isotherms are curves which give valuable information on the hygroscopic balance of a product because they allow to know its range of stability after drying by determining the final water content.
Obesity Associated Hypertension in University Staff at SMBBMU Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Shahani Muhammad Parial , Humayun Arsalan , Shaikh Zahid , Siddiqui Ilyas , Khoso Mir Hassan , Naz Saba , Siyal Fahad Jibran , Unar Khalida , Unar Ayaz Ali , Saleem Raheela , Advani Rahul Sagar , Shaikh Saeed Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To determine the association of obesity and hypertension among the faculty members of ShaheedMohtarma Benazir Bhutto University Larkana.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 340 subjects from SMBB Medical University. A self-administered questionnaire, mercury sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, weighing and height scales were the research instruments, data was entered and analyzed using the statistical program for social sciences SPSS version 19.
Results: A 340 subjects were included in the study. There were 123 (36.2%) female and 217 (63.8%) male participants, Prevalence of hypertension in the sample was 31.5% (27.6% in females and 33.6% in males) Hypertension was more comparatively more prevalent in overweight group (39.3%) and obese group (32.5%).
Conclusion: Obesity is an important public health challenge in the study setting and its highly associated with HTN. Prevalence of Obesity and hypertension among university teachers was observed significantly higher compared to the general population. Measures to prevent the obesity and hypertension are strongly recommended.
Clinicohematological Study of Different Patterns of Anemia in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Nilofer F. K. K. Jasima , Lilly Rajalakshmi V. Mary 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Pediatric anemia is one of the major health problems in India and in many parts of the world, as it results in reduced exercise tolerance, slower rate of growth, impaired development and cognition, and delayed wound healing. Anemic children are also at a higher risk of death due to complications associated with malnutrition and infection.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical features and the basic hematological parameters of anemia in infants and children, in the age group of 6 months to 14 years. To study the morphological patterns of different types of anemia on peripheral smear & correlate the corresponding clinical presentation.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 100 patients between the age group of 6 months to 14 years in the pediatric ward of Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai. The hematological analysis was made by using automated analyser (Sysmex KX-21 autoanalyser). The complete haemogram was done from Peripheral smears for each participant. The reticulocyte count was done by the supravital staining technique using Brilliant crystal blue. The experiments were done in triplicates and statistical analysed were performed by using Graphpad Prism (Ver.5).
Results: The present study showed that anemia was more prevalent among male children than female counterparts and pre- school children were severely affected. The commonest presenting condition was acute gastroenteritis followed by respiratory symptoms. The most common morphological type was microcytic hypochronic anemia and iron deficiency anemia was the most common etiological type.
Conclusion: Pediatric anemia is quiet common due to the fact that children are the most vulnerable population for anemia to occur. This compels prompt screening and diagnosis at an early stage through necessary investigations & utilization of available advanced technical modalities in order to initiate timely treatment and management.
Comparative dosimetry of radiography device, MSCT device and two CBCT devices in the elbow region
Authors: Koivisto Juha , van Eijnatten Maureen , Ludlow John , Kiljunen Timo , Shi Xie‐Qi , Wolff Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to estimate and to compare effective doses in the elbow region resulting from four different x‐ray imaging modalities. Absorbed organ doses were measured using 11 metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeters that were placed in a custom‐made anthropomorphic elbow RANDO phantom. Examinations were performed using Shimadzu FH‐21 HR radiography device, Siemens Sensation Open 24‐slice MSCT‐device, NewTom 5G CBCT device, and Planmed Verity CBCT device, and the effective doses were calculated according to ICRP 103 recommendations. The effective dose for the conventional radiographic device was 1.5 µSv. The effective dose for the NewTom 5G CBCT ranged between 2.0 and 6.7 µSv, for the Planmed Verity CBCT device 2.6 µSv and for the Siemens Sensation MSCT device 37.4 µSv. Compared with conventional 2D radiography, this study demonstrated a 1.4–4.6 fold increase in effective dose for CBCT and 25‐fold dose for standard MSCT protocols. When compared with 3D CBCT protocols, the study showed a 6‐19 fold increase in effective dose using a standard MSCT protocol. CBCT devices offer a feasible low‐dose alternative for elbow 3D imaging when compared to MSCT.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality Among Patients With Osteoarthritis in the Skåne Region of Sweden
Authors: Lindéus Maria , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Englund Martin , Kiadaliri Ali 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the association between education and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in comparison to an OA‐free reference cohort.MethodsUsing data from the Skåne Healthcare Register, we identified all residents age ≥45 years in the region of Skåne in southern Sweden with doctor‐diagnosed OA of peripheral joints between 1998 and 2013 (n = 123,993). We created an age‐ and sex‐matched reference cohort without OA diagnosis (n = 121,318). Subjects were followed until death, relocation outside Skåne, or the end of 2014. The relative index of inequality (RII) and the slope index of inequality (SII) were estimated by the Cox model and Aalen's additive hazard model, respectively.ResultsWe found an inverse association between education and mortality. The magnitude of relative inequalities in all‐cause mortality were comparable in the OA, with an RII of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.46, 1.61), and reference cohorts (RII 1.54 [95% CI 1.47, 1.62]). The absolute inequalities were smaller in the OA cohort (all‐cause deaths per 100,000 person‐years, SII 937 [95% CI 811, 1,063]) compared with the reference cohort (SII 1,265 [95% CI 1,109, 1,421]). Cardiovascular mortality contributed more to the absolute inequalities in the OA cohort than in the reference cohort (60.1% versus 48.1%) while the opposite was observed for cancer mortality (8.5% versus 22.3%).ConclusionWe found higher all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in OA patients with lower education. The observed inequalities in the OA cohort reflect the inequalities in the population at large. The greater burden of cardiovascular diseases in OA patients suggests that proper management of cardiovascular risk factors in OA patients is important.
High‐Performance Large‐Scale Vertical 1T'/2H Homojunction CVD‐Grown Polycrystalline MoTe2 Transistors
Authors: Xie Zijian , Lei Wenyu , Zhang Wenfeng , Liu Yuan , Yang Li , Wen Xiaokun , Chang Haixin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as an ideal alternative to silicon in advanced electronics. Especially, MoTe2 attracts peculiar attention since it offers a unique opportunity of resolving critical electrical contacts. Currently, although MoTe2‐based coplanar semiconductor‐metal circuitry realized by epitaxial growth and chemical assembly has been demonstrated, while still suffers from the requirement of extremely accurate synthesis process control. Here, a facile strategy is demonstrated to fabricate large scale and high performance MoTe2 transistors with a 1T'/2H vertical homojunction structure by combining a spatial and phase controlled MoTe2 scalable synthesis and a scalable universal transfer method with water‐soluble poly‐vinylpyrrolidone and poly‐(vinyl alcohol) bilayer mediator. Both high quality 1T'‐ and 2H‐ MoTe2 with controlled dimensions can be scalable synthesized via a shadow mask assisted chemical vapor deposition method. These as‐synthesized MoTe2 patterns can be successfully transferred to a wide range of substrates at a high yield >80% with well‐retained properties to construct transistors with a complex vertical 1T'/2H‐MoTe2/HfAlO2 structure. The devices exhibit an on/off current ratio surpassing 104 and a typical mobility of ≈29 cm2 V−1 s−1. The developed scaled strategy of combining both scalable MoTe2 synthesis and transfer offers a feasible way for potential MoTe2‐based large‐scale electronics.
Functionalization of Low‐k Polyimide Gate Dielectrics with Self‐Assembly Monolayer Toward High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Zheng Yingshuang , Yu Li , Wang Zhongwu , Chen Xiaosong , Li Jie , Zou Ye , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe functionalization of polymer dielectrics with self‐assembly monolayer is still a big issue to be resolved due to the lack of particular anchoring sites on their surface for specific binding. To this end, hydroxyl groups are a kind of commonly used anchoring sites, which can be effectively produced on polymer surface by oxygen plasma treatment. In this work, the modification methods are investigated and the assembly conditions of self‐assembly monolayer are characterized on the surface of low‐k polyimide (PI) gate dielectric layers. As a result, the device performance can be enhanced by an order of magnitude under the optimal modified state compared with the initial state. In addition, the charge transport mechanism of organic semiconductor on PI surface is studied through temperature‐variable experiments. Furthermore, organic logic circuits (NAND gate, NOR gate, inverter, and oscillator) are manufactured using modified PI as insulating layers. The functionalization of polymer dielectrics with self‐assembly monolayer offers an effective strategy to improve the device performance in organic electronics.
Technical Challenges and Perspectives for the Commercialization of Solution‐Processable Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Yu Ming‐Hsuan , Lee Chia‐Chen , Yu Xinyu , Li Yibin , Zhu Zonglong , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Li Zhong'an , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the new‐generation photovoltaic technologies, organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) offer significant advantages over Si‐ and CdTe‐based solar cells, that is, facile low‐temperature solution processability and excellent cost‐performance ratios. At present, OSCs and PVSCs have achieved very high certified power conversion efficiencies of 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively, which have already approached the efficiencies needed for commercial applications. However, there are still several obstacles that need to be overcome before they can be deployed as new‐generation of printable photovoltaic technologies. More efforts also need to be devoted to finding applicable methods for manufacturing highly efficient, large‐area devices and improving their long‐term operational stability. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review on the current status and technical challenges for commercializing these two solution‐processable solar cells.
The Recent Progress in Cellulose Paper‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Liang Shuaibo , Wang Yanyun , Liu Qian , Yuan Tao , Yao Chunli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeveloping new energy technology is a significant challenge in the context of the energy crisis. As a novel energy conversion device to convert mechanical energy into electricity, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted significant attention in the past few years. The choice of component materials directly affects the cost, environmental performance, output performance, and preparation process of a TENG. In recent years, cellulose paper has become an ideal material for fabricating a TENG due to its lightweight, biodegradability, low‐cost, high flexibility, environmental friendliness, porosity, and easy modification. Cellulose paper‐based TENG has become a hot topic in the field of green energy. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the cellulose paper‐based TENG. The advantages of cellulose paper as raw material to fabricate a TENG, followed by introducing the different roles of cellulose paper in paper‐based TENGs, are first discussed. Then the recent progress in energy storage, performance optimization methods, hybridization, and applications of cellulose paper‐based TENGs is successively elaborated. Finally, some perspectives and challenges for the future development of cellulose paper‐based TENG are discussed to provide guidance.
Nanotechnologies for Intracellular Protein Delivery: Recent Progress in Inorganic and Organic Nanocarriers
Authors: Le Saux Sarah , Aubert‐Pouëssel Anne , Ouchait Lyria , Mohamed Khaled Elhady , Martineau Pierre , Guglielmi Laurence , Devoisselle Jean‐Marie , Legrand Philippe , Chopineau Joël , Morille Marie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrom recombinant insulin to monoclonal antibodies, proteins have become essential drugs in the therapeutic arsenal and respond to a broad spectrum of diseases. While commercially available proteins have an extracellular activity, intracellular targets can be a powerful alternative to treat many pathologies such as cancers and immune disorders, but also infectious diseases. Nevertheless, to enter the cell and reach the target organelle or molecule, therapeutic proteins have to face numerous barriers (internalization, endosomal escape, and cytoplasm trafficking). In view of the fragile nature and high heterogeneity of proteins in terms of size, charge, and hydrophilic/lipophilic profile, the development of an efficient cytoplasm delivery system remains a long‐standing challenge. The discovery of several gene editing tools (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), involving caspase 9 (Cas9) protein (CRISPRCas9), transcription activator‐like effectors (TALEs) or other zinc‐finger proteins (ZFPs)) has particularly boosted this research field in the last decade. Among delivery systems that can be used in vivo, some synthetic nanovectors offer interesting opportunities. In this review, the authors describe the most recent progress in the development of inorganic (silica, gold, phosphate, metal–organic framework, carbon nanoparticles) as well as organic (polymer, lipid) nanoparticles, both applied to intracellular protein delivery.
Progress and Prospects of Regulatory Functions Mediated by Nitric Oxide on Immunity and Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Qian , Shi Jingyu , Zhang Jiao , Wang Yi , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitric oxide (NO), as a crucial signaling biomolecule, is closely involved in the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous system. NO not only participates in the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells but also regulates the secretion and function of immune‐related cytokines. Meanwhile, NO plays an important role in regulating diversified pathological processes, such as cancer, autoimmune disease, pathogenic infection, and so on. Therefore, the intensive immunological study of NO has been expected to provide valuable approaches to the clinical prevention and treatment of these related diseases. Since NO has a wide range of chemical activities and biological functions, the pleiotropic effects of NO are affected by its production, concentration and duration, target cell types and subtypes, species, and pathogenesis of the immune‐related diseases. It is thus necessary to create and develop certain platforms of drugs and related preparations that can precisely regulate NO for immunotherapy. This review summarizes the regulatory functions exerted by NO in immune response, and the pathological mechanisms of tumor, autoimmune disease, and pathogenic infection in which NO is involved. The application and trend of therapeutic strategies based on the direct regulation of NO in immunotherapy are further discussed.
Layer‐Controlled Low‐Power Tunneling Transistors Based on SnS Homojunction
Authors: Liang Jiakun , Li Hong , Liu Fengbin , Lu Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUtilizing the layer‐controlled bandgap of a 2D material is an effective way of improving a tunneling field‐effect transistor (TFET) device's performance because of the narrowing tunneling barrier. An ab initio quantum transport method is used to study the SnS homojunction TFETs at a sub‐10 nm scale through layer controlling. The optimal SnS homojunction TFET has a bilayer SnS as the source electrode, which possesses a low leakage current like the ML SnS TFET and a high on‐state current like the BL SnS TFET. The low SSave_4dec (subthreshold swing over four decades of the drain currents) of ≈47–48 mV dec−1 and I60 (drain current at 60 mV dec−1) of ≈1.1–1.2 µA µm−1 implies the BL source SnS TFET, a fast low‐power (LP) device. The optimal BL source SnS TFET with a gate length of Lg = 10 nm exceeds the LP device requirement of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) (2013 version), and its negative capacitance counterparts can exceed the ITRS 2028 target for LP device at Lg = 5 nm.