bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categorization of two-loop Feynman diagrams in the
𝒪α2 correction to

*
Authors: Li Zhao , Wang Yefan , Wu Quan-feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The

process is the dominant process for the Higgs boson production at the future Higgs factory. In order to match the analysis on the Higgs properties with highly precise experiment data, it will be crucial to include the theoretical prediction to the full next-to-next-to-leading order electroweak effect in the production rate

. In this inspiring work, we categorize the two-loop Feynman diagrams of the

correction to

into 6 categories according to relevant topological structures. Although 25377 diagrams contribute to the

correction in total, the number of the most challenging diagrams with seven denominators is 2250, which contain only 312 non-planar diagrams with 155 independent types. This categorization could be a valuable reference for the complete calculation in future.
Outdoor Courier Lockboxes in Summer Are a Significant Source of Preanalytical Error
Authors: Dibbern Megan E , Pierre Christina C , Wiencek Joesph R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the impact of short-term (&lt;4-hour) exposure of summer-like temperatures on lithium heparin (uncentrifuged and centrifuged) samples stored in outdoor courier lockboxes in the Mid-Atlantic United States.

Methods
Healthy adults (n = 8) were recruited to investigate the impact of the short-term exposure of lithium heparin samples (centrifuged and uncentrifuged) inside 2 LabLocker-KF300 courier lockboxes placed outside in direct sunlight during summer. Each courier lockbox was monitored every 5 minutes with a temperature data logger and contained either the standard number (n = 2) of cold packs (cold) or no standard cold packs (warm). Acceptable tolerance limits were defined for each analyte by significant change limit (SCL) analysis (P &lt; .05), as previously described.

Results
Significant changes were identified in each study condition for warm and cold lockbox conditions. Aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium commonly crossed SCLs from mean baseline (t0) in the majority of conditions.

Conclusions
Outdoor courier lockboxes are an underrecognized source of preanalytical error.
SATB2 Is Expressed in a Subset of Pulmonary and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Vrana Julie A , Boland Jennifer M , Terra Simone B S P , Xie Hao , Jenkins Sarah M , Mansfield Aaron S , Molina Julian R , Cassivi Stephen D , Roden Anja C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate SATB2 expression and prognostic implications in a large cohort of thoracic neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods
Surgical pathology files (1995-2017) and an institutional thymic epithelial tumor database (2010-2020) were searched for resected neuroendocrine tumors. Cases were stained with SATB2 (clone EP281). Percent SATB2-positive tumor cells and expression intensity were scored.

Results
In the lung, SATB2 was expressed in 5% or more of tumor cells in 29 (74.4%) of 39 small cell carcinomas and 9 (22.5%) of 40 atypical and 26 (40.6%) of 64 typical carcinoid tumors. SATB2 percent tumor cell expression and intensity were higher in small cell carcinomas than in carcinoid tumors (both P &lt; .001, respectively). After adjusting for tumor subtype, SATB2 expression did not correlate with outcome. In the thymus, four (100%) of four atypical carcinoid tumors and one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma but no small cell carcinoma (n = 2) expressed SATB2 in 5% or more of tumor cells.

Conclusions
SATB2 (clone EP281) is expressed in a large subset of pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine tumors and therefore does not appear to be a useful marker to identify the origin of neuroendocrine tumors. Validation studies are needed, specifically including thymic neuroendocrine tumors, as the expression pattern might be different in those tumors.
Presence of a dominant native shrub is associated with minor shifts in the function and composition of grassland communities in a northern savannah
Authors: Peetoom Heida Isaac , Brown Charlotte , Dettlaff Margarete A , Oppon Kenneth J , Cahill James F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEcosystems are spatially heterogenous in plant community composition and function. Shrub occurrence in grasslands is a visually striking example of this, and much research has been conducted to understand the functional implications of this pattern. Within savannah ecosystems, the presence of tree and shrub overstories can have significant impacts on the understory herbaceous community. The exact outcomes, however, are likely a function of the spatial arrangement and traits of the overstory species. Here we test whether there are functional linkages between the spatial patterning of a native shrub and the standing biomass, community composition, and overall nutrient cycling of a neighbouring grassland understory communities within the Aspen Parkland of central Alberta, Canada. In a paired grassland-shrub stand study, we found the native shrub, Elaeagnus commutata, has relatively few stand-level impacts on the composition and standing biomass of the ecosystem. One factor contributing to these limited effects may be the overdispersion of shrub stems at fine spatial scales, preventing areas of deep shade. When we looked across a shrub density gradient and incorporated shrub architecture into our analyses, we found these shrub traits had significant associations with species abundance and root biomass in the understory community. These results suggest that stem dispersion patterns, as well as local stand architecture, are influential in determining how shrubs may affect their herbaceous plant understory. Thus, it is important to incorporate shrub spatial and architectural traits when assessing shrub-understory interactions.
The functional impact of nuclear reorganization in cellular senescence
Authors: Rocha Azucena , Dalgarno Audrey , Neretti Nicola 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellular senescence is the irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Because senescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to chronic inflammation, they are promising therapeutic targets for healthspan extension. The senescent phenotype can vary depending on cell type and on the specific insults that induce senescence. This variability is also reflected in the extensive remodeling of the genome organization within the nucleus of senescent cells. Here, we give an overview of the nuclear changes that occur in different forms of senescence, including changes to chromatin state and composition and to the three-dimensional organization of the genome, as well as alterations to the nuclear envelope and to the accessibility of repetitive genomic regions. Many of these changes are shared across all forms of senescence, implicating nuclear organization as a fundamental driver of the senescent state and of how senescent cells interact with the surrounding tissue.
Children Speaking against Home Arrest: Decolonising Racial Penologies
Authors: Shalhoub-Kevorkian Nadera 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Home arrest (HA), an alternative rehabilitative sentence to the more punitive disposal of imprisonment, is utilised in a range of ways by criminal justice regimes across the world. However, its implementation contains the potential for intimate political intrusion. This paper engages with forty-one testimonials gathered from Palestinian children, young people (aged 12–18 years) and their families, examining their experiences under HA in Occupied East Jerusalem. The analysis of their voices reveals how HA has affected children and young people’s intimate spaces, psyches and behaviour, and dismembered their relationships and sense of belonging. It simultaneously uncovers creative manifestations of freedom and the refusal to accept HA’s destructive consequences. The paper draws on children’s own understandings of HA as a violent technology of control, rethinks the role of social work in violent contexts and offers new insights on intervention. It suggests that in settler colonial militarised contexts, HA serves as a racialised disciplinary practice that poses major ethical challenges for critical social work practice. The paper concludes by underscoring the importance of encouraging social workers to engage with the anti-oppressive social work agenda and to examine their positions and ethics in politically complex realities.
A case report: extensive myocardial calcification and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy related to past sepsis
Authors: Lim Anthony , Be Kim Kuy , Wong Chiew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Diffuse myocardial calcification following severe sepsis is a rare complication whose long-term effects are not well-understood.

Case summary
A 51-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of worsening dyspnoea on a background of sepsis 9 years prior. His initial echocardiogram showed moderate systolic dysfunction and a mildly dilated left ventricle. Cardiac computed tomography showed signs of mild coronary artery disease without significant stenosis, but the diffuse extensive left ventricular (LV) mid-myocardial calcification was visible. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse extensive LV mid-myocardial late gadolinium enhancement in keeping with the calcification. He was diagnosed with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. He was commenced on appropriate anti-failure medical therapy, maintains New York Heart Association functional class II functional status, and has received a prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Discussion
Diffuse myocardial calcification might be associated with long-term development of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The benefit of monitoring such patients for long-term effects is not routine, but should be considered.
Syncope triggered by atrial flutter in a patient with a pacemaker: cross-stimulation—a case report
Authors: Durán-Bobin Olga , Crespo-Mancebo Francisco , Elices-Teja Juliana , González-Juanatey Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Syncope in a patient with a pacemaker is a serious event requiring urgent action to ascertain its cause. Around 5% of cases are due to a pacemaker system malfunction.

Case summary
An 82-year-old man underwent dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation due to intermittent high-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) in sinus rhythm. Nine months later, the patient reported episodes of syncope. The chest X-ray showed both leads to be at their expected positions. The electrocardiography (ECG) showed common atrial flutter. Ventricular capture during pacing in atrial demand pacing (AAI) mode confirmed cross-stimulation due to the switching of the atrial and ventricular leads at the pacemaker header.

Discussion
Cross-stimulation is a rare possibility in a differential diagnosis of causes of syncope. The diagnosis is frequently made during the procedure or a few hours later. The lack of symptoms during 9 months in this case was likely due to the patient having normal sinus rhythm with preserved AV conduction most of the time, as well as ventricular capture from the atrial lead related to non-sensed P waves. When atrial arrhythmias occurred, the sensing of the F waves inhibited ventricular pacing. In order to avoid this complication, in patients with intermittent bradycardia, pacing at a slightly higher heart rate during implantation of the device should be recommended to see the chamber paced with the surface ECG connected to the device interrogator. The ECG and electrogram (EGM) should correlate during device interrogation in order to identify this complication.)
‘Pave-and-crack’ technique for the recanalization of severely calcified occlusive aorto-ilio-femoral disease in type-III Leriche syndrome: a case report
Authors: Giusca Sorin , Schmidt Andrej , Korosoglou Grigorios 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Leriche syndrome is the result of the atherosclerotic occlusion of the distal aorta that may also involve pelvic arteries. The standard treatment for this condition is considered surgical with various techniques available for establishing appropriate flow to both limbs. However, due to the technical advances in the last decades, endovascular approaches are now also capable to tackle such lesions. The ‘pave-and-crack’ technique enables the treatment of severely calcified lesions. This two-step procedure consists of firstly placing a covered stent prothesis (VIABAHN) into the severely calcified segment, which is afterwards aggressively dilated with high-pressure balloons. Subsequently, an interwoven nitinol SUPERA stent with high radial forces is placed within the prothesis.

Case summary
Herein, we describe the case of an 81-year-old male patient, who presented with critical limb-threatening ischaemia of his right leg. Doppler ultrasound revealed a long occlusion of the right external iliac artery, common femoral, superficial femoral, and deep femoral artery. The lesion was successfully tackled using antegrade and retrograde punctures and the ‘pave-and-crack’ technique.

Discussion
The ‘pave-and-crack’ technique is an endovascular approach for the treatment of severe circumferential calcified lesions. Based on this technique covered stents are initially placed to prevent vessel rupture, which might occur during the aggressive balloon dilatation. Subsequently, the covered stents are relined by interwoven Supera stents, which provide high radial force preventing recoil and restenosis.
Spatial population trends and economic development in Puerto Rico, 1765–2010
Authors: Marein Brian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI use data for consistently defined municipalities to describe spatial patterns in population growth in Puerto Rico across all stages of economic development and rule by Spain and then the United States. The spatial distribution of population began to resemble the modern distribution after the turn of the twentieth century, around the time that municipal population densities diverged. Municipal population growth was positively correlated with crop production in the preindustrial era and was negatively correlated with agricultural employment from 1899 to 1970. Urbanization commenced around 1900, decades earlier than generally believed and before most of the Caribbean and Central America.
Incorporating spatiotemporal variability in multispecies survey design optimization addresses trade-offs in uncertainty
Authors: Oyafuso Zack S , Barnett Lewis A K , Kotwicki Stan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn designing and performing surveys of animal abundance, monitoring programs often struggle to determine the sampling intensity and design required to achieve their objectives, and this problem greatly increases in complexity for multispecies surveys with inherent trade-offs among species. To address these issues, we conducted a multispecies stratified random survey design optimization using a spatiotemporal operating model and a genetic algorithm that optimizes both the stratification (defined by depth and longitude) and the minimum optimal allocation of samples across strata subject to prespecified precision limits. Surveys were then simulated under those optimized designs and performance was evaluated by calculating the precision and accuracy of a resulting design-based abundance index. We applied this framework to a multispecies fishery-independent bottom trawl survey in the Gulf of Alaska, USA. Incorporating only spatial variation in the optimization failed to produce population estimates within the prespecified precision constraints, whereas including additional spatiotemporal variation ensured that estimates were both unbiased and within prespecified precision constraints. In general, results were not sensitive to the number of strata in the optimized solutions. This optimization approach provides an objective quantitative framework for designing new, or improving existing, survey designs for many different ecosystems.
Per-recruit modelling of pulse fisheries: comment on “Modelling pulse fishery systems in data-limited situations”
Authors: Hart Deborah R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA pulse fishery is one where fishing occurs during a short period each year and is zero for the rest of the year. Grüss et al. proposed a continuous per-recruit model for such fisheries. However, this analysis is based on per-recruit equations that were derived under the assumption that fishing mortality is constant in time and, thus, do not apply to fisheries where F varies, such as a pulse fishery. A correct continuous per-recruit formulation for pulse fisheries is derived. In most cases, the continuous per-recruit model can be closely approximated by a discrete model, where the integrals are replaced by sums. A modification in the Baranov catch equation for pulse fisheries is also derived that can used to compute annual exploitation rates.
Quality of maternal and newborn hospital care in Brazil: a quality improvement cycle using the WHO assessment and quality tool
Authors: Pessa Valente Emanuelle , Barbone Fabio , de Melo E Lima Tereza Rebecca , de Mascena Diniz Maia Paula Ferdinanda Conceição , Vezzini Francesca , Tamburlini Giorgio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing efforts toward quality improvement (QI) are necessary in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity and to promote respectful care. In Brazil, perinatal health indicators are below targets in several states despite universal access to perinatal services and very high rates of institutional births, indicating poor quality of care (QoC) as a key issue to be addressed. However, research efforts to develop and test QoC improvement interventions are scarce.

Objectives
We assessed the effects of a 1-year comprehensive QI cycle using a World Health Organization (WHO) assessment and quality tool on maternal and newborn care at hospital level and documented QIs obtained after a 1-year comprehensive QI cycle.

Methods
Uncontrolled, unblinded, pre–post study carried out in six maternity hospitals in Pernambuco, Brazil, accounting for 29 128 live births in 2014. A standards-based and participatory approach based on a WHO quality assessment and improvement tool for maternal and neonatal care at hospital level was used. A national team of assessors supervised by international experts carried out baseline and final assessments. An action plan was developed and implemented to address key quality gaps emerging from the baseline assessment and from two supportive supervision visits.

Results
At baseline, hospitals presented a variety of quality gaps, the majority common to all participating centers. Gaps in case management of normal and complicated deliveries and in respectful and holistic care were predominant, in both teaching/tertiary and secondary care hospitals. After one year, several improvements were observed, particularly in respectful care during labor and at delivery, in case management of normal labor and delivery and in neonatal care.

Conclusions
A systematic participatory approach based on a WHO tool produced important QIs in a relatively short time and should be considered for use for large-scale QI programs in Brazil and other LMICs. Its comprehensive, peer-to-peer and action-oriented nature and its capability to document QI over time and to build a QI culture represent important comparative advantages over other QI interventions.
Choosing Appropriate Technique for Nasal Reconstruction in Challenging Cases of Panfacial Burn: Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Hesamirostami Mohammadhossein , Sarparast Leila , Radfar Azar , Hesamirostami Sami , Hosseinzadeh Ahmad Zaghi , Yousefnezhad Omid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The nose is one of the most challenging facial parts to reconstruct. Its asymmetries, defects, or disharmonies are easily noticeable. The complex contours, highlights, shadows, and special shape of its subunits make nasal reconstruction more difficult in panfacial burn than that of nonburned ones. This retrospective study was conducted at Zare Hospital. Twenty-five panfacial burn cases with nasal defects were studied from 2010 to 2019. Profile photos were manipulated by Adobe Photoshop. Based on the difference between the burn-related shortened nasal length and the expected photoshopped one, the severity of the short nose was detected, and the strategy of the surgery was determined. Of the 25 cases, 10 cases with normal nasal length and projection, or mild short nose with minimal alar rim, tip and/or columellar defect underwent nasal reconstruction with skin and/or composite graft. Nine patients with normal nasal length or mild to moderate short nose but moderate to severe alar defect underwent reconstruction with turndown flap plus skin and/or composite graft. Pre-expanded forehead flap (n = 1) and delayed scarred or skin grafted forehead flap (n = 5) were used for six patients with severe short nose defect. There are several procedural alternatives for the reconstruction of burn-related mild to moderate nasal deformity. For severe and deep panfacial burn, delayed forehead flap seems safe with acceptable color and texture harmony. Our designed algorithm could potentially improve the selection of proper nasal reconstruction techniques and assist novice surgeons.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Patients Affected by a Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Venkatesulu Bhanu Prasad , Chandrasekar Viveksandeep Thoguluva , Girdhar Prashanth , Advani Pragati , Sharma Amrish , Elumalai Thiraviyam , Hsieh Cheng En , Elghazawy Hagar I , Verma Vivek , Krishnan Sunil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported to have double the case fatality rate of the general population.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central was done for studies on cancer patients with COVID-19. Pooled proportions were calculated for categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) and forest plots (random-effects model) were constructed for both primary and secondary outcomes.ResultsThis systematic review of 38 studies and meta-analysis of 181 323 patients from 26 studies included 23 736 cancer patients. Our meta-analysis shows that cancer patients with COVID-19 have a higher likelihood of death (n = 165 980, OR = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47 to 4.42), which was largely driven by mortality among patients in China. Cancer patients were more likely to be intubated. Among cancer subtypes, the mortality was highest in hematological malignancies (n = 878, OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.17 to 4.87) followed by lung cancer (n = 646, OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.00 to 3.37). There was no association between receipt of a particular type of oncologic therapy and mortality. Our study showed that cancer patients affected by COVID-19 are a decade older than the normal population and have a higher proportion of comorbidities. There was insufficient data to assess the association of COVID-19–directed therapy and survival outcomes in cancer patients.ConclusionCancer patients with COVID-19 disease are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. A more nuanced understanding of the interaction between cancer-directed therapies and COVID-19–directed therapies is needed. This will require uniform prospective recording of data, possibly in multi-institutional registry databases.