bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landholder reflections of their engagement in landscape conservation and restoration projects in the Northern Midlands of Tasmania
Authors: Bridle Kerry L. , Foster Henry , Foster Simon , Lyne Crosby , Lyne Poppy , O’Connor Roderic , von Bibra Annabel , von Bibra Julian , Young Lindsay , Young Rae , Davidson Neil J 
Published: December 2021

Summary‘Environmentalism without Fanaticism’, a sticker on a fridge in a farmer’s house, encapsulates attitudes to conservation and restoration over the past 30 years for five farming families in the Northern Midlands. Their willingness to participate in long‐term programmes such as the Tasmania Island Ark project stems from their experience of living in the landscape, their observations of changes in that landscape and their thirst for knowledge to underpin management decisions. Being open to other opinions has led to interactions with ‘catalysts’, usually researchers and extension officers, who have provided farmers with specific information on the natural values of their landscapes. These interactions—time‐ and context‐specific—have resulted in a working lifetime of involvement in conservation and restoration activities shared between landowners, land‐managers, researchers and the broader community. In this article, we present information shared in interviews with five farming families in the Northern Midlands of Tasmania that explored why and how they have continued to engage with conservation and restoration projects over several decades.
Research supporting restoration aiming to make a fragmented landscape ‘functional’ for native wildlife
Authors: Jones Menna E. , Bain Glen C. , Hamer Rowena P. , Proft Kirstin M. , Gardiner Riana Z. , Dixon Kirsty J. , Kittipalawattanapol Kawinwit , Zepeda de Alba Ana L. , Ranyard Claire E. , Munks Sarah A. , Barmuta Leon A. , Burridge Christopher P. , Johnson Christopher N. , Davidson Neil J. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryTemperate woodlands are amongst the most threatened ecosystems in Australia because the land on which they occur is highly suited to agriculture. Two hundred years of habitat loss and fragmentation in the Midlands agricultural region in Tasmania have led to widespread declines in native vertebrates and landscapes with populations of predators including feral Cat (Felis catus) and the native‐invasive Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala). Ecologists at the University of Tasmania co‐designed mechanistic animal‐centric research on mammals and birds in the Midlands to inform vegetation restoration carried out by Greening Australia that would support the recovery of wildlife species. We used species‐appropriate technologies to assess the decisions made by individual animals to find food and shelter and to disperse across this fragmented landscape, and linked these, together with patterns of occupancy, across multiple spatial and temporal scales. We focussed on a native (Spotted‐tailed Quoll, Dasyurus maculatus) and an invasive (feral Cat, Felis catus) carnivore, a woodland‐specialist herbivore (Eastern Bettong, Bettongia gaimardi) and woodland birds including the native‐invasive Noisy Miner. Our results, which show intense predatory and competitive pressure of cats and populations of Noisy Miner on native fauna, highlight how grounding restoration in the context of ecological interactions is essential to success in managing the impacts of invasive species in restored landscapes. Successful restoration will require innovative approaches in plantings and field experimentation with artificial refuges, to reduce habitat suitability for the Noisy Miner and cats and provide refuges for native mammals and birds to live in the landscape where cats also occur. Our results emphasise the significance of structural complexity of restoration plantings for supporting the recolonisation and persistence of native fauna. At large landscape‐scale, we demonstrate the importance of retaining small habitat elements, including ancient paddock trees, pivot irrigation corners and small, degraded remnants, in facilitating occupancy and dispersal and, therefore, persistence of wild animals across this agricultural region.
New approaches for revegetating agricultural landscapes to provide connectivity for wildlife: The example of the Tasmanian Midlands, Australia
Authors: Davidson Neil J. , Bailey Tanya G. , Burgess Sebastian , Potts Brad M. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThere is an ongoing search for cost‐effective, practical and successful methods for landscape‐scale restoration required to meet the challenges posed by the United Nations Decade on Restoration 2021–2013. Mechanised cultivation techniques (rip mounding and Wilco spot cultivation), a range of revegetation strategies (dense reafforestation, riparian corridors, vegetation islets and scattered tree plantings) and best horticultural practice were employed to successfully establish extensive areas of local native trees and shrubs in highly altered agricultural landscapes within the Midlands of Tasmania, Australia. This region has been intensely farmed for the last 200 years and is characterised by past failures in native tree plantings. Between 2009 and 2018, 1800 ha were revegetated with a suite of hardy local native species to enhance, buffer and connect native vegetation remnants. These techniques were applied at a landscape scale to create biodiversity corridors that crossed the Midlands. Riparian corridors 100–200 m wide were created along 21 km of riverbank at an average density of 440 stems/ha. Fenced vegetation islets and individually caged scattered trees were established within and surrounding native vegetation remnants, at an average density of 143 stems/ha. Whole paddocks were densely reafforested at up to 800 stems/ha. Despite this, re‐establishing structurally complex and species diverse native vegetation, which can provide habitat for local native animals, proved challenging. In areas highly altered by a long history of farming, repeated interventions and long‐term relationships with landholders will be needed to achieve restoration objectives.
Dry biomass and carbon sequestration in environmental plantings in the Midlands of Tasmania
Authors: Davidson Neil J. , Potts Brad M. , Burgess Sebastian , Bailey Tanya G. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryEstimates of dry biomass and carbon sequestration were made for environmental plantings established in the harsh, dry agricultural landscapes of the Midlands of Tasmania. Plantings were designed to provide habitat connectivity for native wildlife. The dry biomass for 6‐year‐old woodland and riparian plantings was estimated to be 4.7 and 9.0 tonnes/ha, respectively. The carbon component of this biomass was estimated to be 2.4 and 4.5 tonnes/ha carbon, equivalent to 8.7 and 16.5 tonnes/ha carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestered, respectively. These are lower than previous estimates for plantings of the same age in the same landscape. This is largely due to lower planting densities of 200 stems/ha, and 883 stems/ha respectively, for woodland and riparian plantings, relative to comparable plantings (˜1,000 stems/ha). Further, a combination of extreme climatic events during early establishment and high heterogeneity in soil type and landscape position reduced performance in riparian plantings.
Adults with tuberous sclerosis complex: A distinct patient population
Authors: Bachour Kenan , House Andrew A. , Andrade Danielle M. , Connolly Mary , Debicki Dereck B. , Desbiens Richard , Fantaneanu Tadeu A. , Kyriakopoulos Paulina , Lattouf Jean‐Baptiste , Suller‐Marti Ana , Marques Paula T. , Keezer Mark R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere are few data on adults living with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with most studies focusing on pediatric populations. The objective of our study was to examine a large national cohort of adults with TSC, and to describe the clinical characteristics of these adults and the nature of the multidisciplinary care that they receive.MethodsSix Canadian medical centers collaborated in this study. Data were collected using a standardized form, and descriptive statistics were used for the analyses.ResultsOur study included 181 adults with definite TSC (mean age = 33.6 years [SD = 13.7]). More than 40% (n = 75) had family members affected by TSC. Forty‐six percent (n = 83) of individuals had intellectual disability. Nearly 30% (n = 52) of individuals reported living alone or with a partner/spouse. Seventy‐six percent (n = 138) of people had epilepsy, 43% (n = 59) of whom had drug‐resistant epilepsy, and 21% (n = 29) had undergone epilepsy surgery. Neuropsychiatric disease (n = 128) and renal angiomyolipomas (n = 130) were both present in approximately 70% of people. Renal imaging was performed in 75.7% (n = 137) of participants within the past 3 years. Renal and pulmonary function tests, as well as electrocardiograms, were recently performed in a minority of individuals.SignificanceOur cohort of adults with TSC showed that an important proportion have a milder phenotype, and are more frequently familial, as compared to children with TSC (and differing from prior reports in adult cohorts). Drug‐resistant epilepsy, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and renal angiomyolipoma are challenging factors in adults with TSC. Our participating medical centers generally followed recommended screening strategies, but there remain important gaps in care. Multidisciplinary and structured TSC care centers offering service to adults may help to improve the health of this important patient population.
Delineation of biliary epithelial cell dynamics in maternal liver during pregnancy
Authors: Kozuki Satoshi , Sakurai Satoko , Suzuki Atsushi , Yamamoto Takuya , Toyoshima Fumiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn pregnant mice, the maternal liver expands drastically during gestation, which is believed to be essential to accommodate various metabolic demands caused by physiological changes and fetal growth. Although hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy have been reported, little is known about the dynamics of biliary epithelial cells (BECs), which comprise the bile duct epithelium in the liver. Here, we show that BECs transiently proliferate during the early stage of gestation. Lineage tracing revealed that BEC progeny were retained in the bile duct epithelium and did not differentiate into hepatocytes, indicating BEC self‐replication during pregnancy. RNA‐sequencing analysis of BECs identified their early pregnancy‐signature transcriptomes, which highlighted Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling‐related genes. Nuclear accumulation of YAP was enhanced in BECs during pregnancy but was barely detectable in hepatocytes. In addition, the pharmacological inhibition of YAP attenuated BEC proliferation and liver weight gain during pregnancy. Our results delineate the proliferation and transcriptomic dynamics of BECs during pregnancy and suggest the relevance of YAP‐mediated signals.
Mass education and the British Empire
Authors: Jackson Stephen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores recent scholarship on the history of education in the British Empire, with a particular focus on the imperial origins of mass education. Though universal and compulsory education only became a global phenomenon after World War II, the beginnings of mass education can be found in the colonial era. The article examines the rise of a missionary and humanitarian discourse in the early 19th century that powerfully advocated for expanded educational opportunities for working‐class Britons and colonized subjects alike, the rise of mass education in Britain and the settlement colonies in the late 19th century that often‐excluded nonwhite subjects, and the successive policies of adapted education and schemes for educational development that arose in the interwar period. The article stresses that indigenous peoples throughout the British Empire were active agents in this process, and calls for additional research to better understand the widespread acceptance of mass education across the British Empire.
Lake Champlain Community Scientist Volunteer Network Communicates Critical Cyanobacteria Information to Region‐wide Stakeholders
Authors: Vaughan Matthew C.H. , Campbell Mae Kate , Fisher Lori , O'Brien Bridget , Gorney Rebecca M. , Shambaugh Angela , Sopher Lauren S. , Pierson Oliver , Howe Eric A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLake Champlain is a treasured resource for recreation, tourism, and drinking water situated in New York, Vermont (U.S.), and Québec (Canada). Because its shores span two states and two countries, management strategies for the lake require strong cross‐boundary partnerships and cooperation. In recent decades, increased prevalence of harmful cyanobacteria blooms has impacted public health and recreation. A lake‐wide cyanobacteria monitoring program was established in 2001 with an emphasis on water sample collection and analysis to inform management strategies. In 2012, this program transitioned from laboratory‐based analyses at a limited number of locations to a visual assessment protocol validated by water samples. This transition opened the door to more effective and widespread monitoring, communication, and inclusion of a greater number of monitoring locations and stakeholders. Today, through a unique partnership of community scientist volunteers, public beach managers, nonprofit organizations, and state and federal agencies, a comprehensive network of trained cyanobacteria monitors generates timely data on water quality conditions to relay critical public health information. The majority of these reports are provided by trained community scientist volunteers, strengthening the geographic coverage of the program and the environmental literacy of lake users. This program now trains hundreds of community scientists, documents thousands of water quality condition reports annually, and communicates cyanobacteria conditions to the public via an online Cyanobacteria Tracker map. In this article, we describe the evolution of this successful program, discuss key findings from analysis of these volunteer‐collected data, and suggest how similar programs could be effectively developed in other regions.
Minnesota Stormwater Research and Technology Transfer Program – A Comprehensive Approach to Collaborative Research
Authors: Bilotta John P. , Peterson Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe University of Minnesota Water Resources Center (UMN WRC) in collaboration with the Minnesota Stormwater Research Council (MSRC) has developed a robust program to advance urban stormwater management and policy through the completion of research. Through this unique collaboration, stormwater professionals and researchers across Minnesota are engaged in multi‐sector research to prevent, minimize, and mitigate urban stormwater impacts by studying existing and innovative structural and non‐structural practices, policies, and management techniques. The center and the council have evolved a comprehensive approach by:Obtaining diversified funding resulting in an annual average $1M budget.Coordinating and building partnerships at local, regional, state, and federal levels to leverage stormwater research resources.Using the council to engage with stormwater researchers, professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders. Identifying strategic priorities through assessments of needed research (i.e., the Minnesota Stormwater Research Roadmap).Providing a process for prioritizing, soliciting, submitting, approving, and implementing stormwater‐related research proposals.The program also invests in technology transfer seeking the effective and efficient dissemination of research results to those who can best benefit from it. The council is an organization of stormwater professionals, practitioners, managers, engineers, researchers, and others established in 2016 to work with the center to facilitate relevant, applied research and support education and technology transfer. This paper summarizes the efforts of the program, the future outlook, and highlights the collaboration and the connection of the University and the center to agencies, local units of government, and private engineering consulting businesses, who all were integral to the success of the program.
The sustainable mitigation of in vitro ruminal biogas emissions by ensiling date palm leaves and rice straw with lactic acid bacteria and Pleurotus ostreatus for cleaner livestock production
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Gouda Gouda A. , Patra Amlan K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The sustainable utilization of date palm leaves (DPL) and rice straw (RS) as feed materials for ruminant was evaluated using an in vitro wireless gas production (GP) technique.

Methods and Results
DPL and RS were individually ensiled with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for 45 days or used as substrates for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) mushroom for 35 days. A total mixed ration was formulated as a control ration. In the other rations, berseem hay replaced DPL (ensiled without additives or ensiled with LAB or PO) at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Ensiling with LAB did not affect the chemical composition of DPL or RS, while PO treatment reduced their fibre fraction contents. Ensiling without additives lowered (p &lt; 0.05) the asymptotic production of total gas, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and the rate of CH4 and CO2 while increasing (p &lt; 0.05) the lag time of CH4 and CO2 production. Ensiling of materials with LAB and treatment with PO decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the asymptotic production of total gas, CH4 and CO2 production and decreased the rate of CH4 and CO2 production. Ensiling without additives decreased (p &lt; 0.05) total bacterial count, and increased (p &lt; 0.05) fermentation pH and total volatile fatty acids (VFA), while LAB-ensiled DPL increased (p &lt; 0.05) total VFA and propionate concentrations and decreased total protozoal count. The PO-treated DPL decreased (p &lt; 0.05) bacterial count, protozoal count and fermentation pH and increased total VFA production.

Conclusions
Replacing berseem hay with LAB or PO-treated DPL at 25% increased GP; however, increased CH4 and CO2 production, whereas the other replacement levels decreased total gas, CH4 and CO2 production. The treatment with LAB is more recommended than the PO treatment.
Violating social distancing amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Psychological factors to improve compliance
Authors: Farias Jéssica , Pilati Ronaldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study uses the theory of planned behavior as a framework to predict intentions of noncompliance with social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic while also assessing the predictive role of intolerance of uncertainty and sociodemographic variables. A total of 2,056 Brazilian participants completed measures on attitudes, injunctive, and descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control toward social distancing. They also answered about their political ideology, income, employment status, gender, age, and educational level. Our findings indicate that positive attitudes toward complying with physical distancing, stronger descriptive norms using ingroup members as referents, and weaker perceived behavioral control over the action of breaching social distancing predict stronger adherence. Besides, individuals who support right‐wing parties, younger people, and males are more prone to noncompliance. We suggest designing interventions that foster positive attitudes toward social distancing and address the negative consequences that violating social distancing can cause to in‐group members to persuade individuals to stay at home. We also discuss the need for support from prominent political figures to increase adherence to this preventive measure.
Preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a brief self‐control intervention on reducing the short‐term harmful consequences of violent video games on adolescents
Authors: Gabbiadini Alessandro , Riva Paolo , Andrighetto Luca , Volpato Chiara , Bushman Brad J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExposure to violent video games can cause a wide array of harmful consequences to adolescents. This study shows preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a brief intervention to decrease aggression and increase self‐control following exposure to a violent video game. Participants (157 high‐school students; age range: 13–19) were randomly assigned to play a violent or nonviolent video game for 25 min. Next, they were exposed to an intervention (i.e., a brief article) designed to induce weak versus strong beliefs in self‐control capabilities. We also included a neutral article unrelated to self‐control. After reading the article, aggression and self‐control‐related variables (i.e., impulses inhibition, cognitive performance) were measured. Aggression was operationalized using the intensity and duration of aversive noise participants gave an accomplice on the Competitive Reaction Time Task, impulse inhibition was operationalized using the ability to resist eating candies, and cognitive performance was operationalized using the “spot the differences” task. Our results found that adolescents who played a violent video game were more aggressive and reported lower levels of impulse inhibition (i.e., ate more candies). However, inducing beliefs in self‐control capabilities by reading a brief article stating that the human’s brain is a powerful tool for exercising self‐control eliminated these harmful effects. The interaction was nonsignificant for cognitive performance. Overall, our study offers initial evidence that a brief intervention might help limit the harmful consequences of exposure to violent video games on adolescents.
A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial to evaluate the blood pressure lowing effect of low‐sodium salt substitution on middle‐aged and elderly hypertensive patients with different plasma renin concentrations
Authors: Che Li , Song Wei , Zhang Ying , Lu Yan , Cheng Yunpeng , Jiang Yinong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) lowing effect of low‐sodium (LS) salt substitution and how the effect influenced by plasma renin concentration (PRC) on middle‐aged and elderly hypertensive patients. Three hundred fifty‐two hypertensives were randomized at a 1:1 ratio into a LS group and a normal salt (NS) group. We compared intergroup changes observed in office blood pressure measurement (OBPM) and home blood pressure measurement (HBPM). Then, all patients in LS group were divided into tertiles according to baseline PRC, aldosterone concentration, and aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR), and changes in OBPM and HBPM were compared across the three tertile subgroups. Follow‐up surveys were completed by 322 patients. The intergroup net reduction in systolic OBPM, systolic HBPM, and diastolic HBPM was −6.6, −4.6, and −2.3 mmHg, respectively (all P < .05), and −1.8 mmHg in diastolic OBPM (P = .068). There was a more significant reduction in OBPM and HBPM among the low baseline PRC subgroup than among the high PRC subgroup. There were no significant differences in the changes in OBPM and HBPM between the three subgroups when grouped according to baseline aldosterone concentration. The reduction in OBPM and HBPM in the high tertile of ARR was larger than that in the low tertile subgroup. LS salt substitution is effective in reducing systolic OBPM, systolic HBPM, and diastolic HBPM in middle‐aged and elderly hypertensive patients. LS salt substitution may offer a non‐pharmaceutical therapy for hypertensive patients. Baseline PRC may be a marker to predict BP response after salt restriction.