bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosilver toxicity thresholds estimative for aquatic and sediment environmental safety
Authors: Castro Vera Lucia , Jonsson Claudio , Silva Mariana Silveira Guerra M. , Castanha Rodrigo , Vallim Jose Henrique , Silva Leticia da , Oliveira Raissa de , Correa Daniel , Ferreira Marcos David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been largely utilized. Despite that, comprehensive studies on their ecotoxicological effects and environmental risk are still required. In the present study, the AgNPs effect was assessed to some organisms including algae, plants, microcrustaceans, cnidaria, nematodes, aquatic insect, earthworm, and fish embryos. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was calculated for each organism using a log-logistic function. AgNPs remained stable in contact with culture media during the analyzed period and conditions employed, presenting dispersion less than 20%, except for Artemia salina medium. On this occasion, NPs presented dispersion of approximately 25%, although their size remained unchangeable. The Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) of AgNPs in the aquatic compartment was estimated in the concentration range from 0.13 to 0.66 µg L-1. A Risk Quotient (RQ) of 15.1 was derived for the NP tested with the aid of a maximum AgNPs Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) estimated value. The RQ value superior to one indicates a risk and the need for its management measures implementation. These data, in addition to the expected increase in AgNPs use, reinforce the importance of the AgNPs safety levels establishment that can contribute to performing their risk assessment studies.
Schwannoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall in a child
Authors: Zhu Peng , Li Xiao Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To our knowledge, There are only 7 cases of posterior pharyngeal wall schwannoma which have been previously reported in the literature, but none of them was associated with a 3-year-old child.Case presentation: We presented a rare case of a schwannoma which is localized on the posterior pharyngeal wall, It caused severe difficulty in swallowing and breathing in a child whose age is three years old. Schwannomas of the posterior pharyngeal wall has been rarely reported in children, The tumor was removed with plasma radio frequency excision via a transoral route, There was not seen any recurrence of tumor by examination of CT or MRI up to two years. as far as we know, It's the first time which a case of posterior pharyngeal wall schwannoma that has been reported to occur in a 3-year-old child, and the first case in which the schwannoma was removed via transoral plasma radio frequency excision.Conclusions: This case illustrates that schwannoma may be found in children ,and it is safe to treat this disease through plasma radio frequency excision via a transoral route.
Lateral versus conventional fasciotomy&nbsp;for prevention of&nbsp;lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury&nbsp;in total hip arthroplasty with direct anterior approach: a study protocol for dual-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Baba Tomonori , Ozaki Yu , Yanagisawa Naotake , Banno Sammy , Watari Taiji , Homma Yasuhiro , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background; An incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) is generally made outside of the space between sartorius and tensor fasciae lataea muscles to prevent lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury. Recent anatomical studies have revealed that the LFCN not only courses between the sartorius and tensor fasciae latae muscles, but it also branches radially while distributing in the transverse direction from the sartorius muscle to the tensor fasciae latae muscle. The latter is called the fan type, and studies suggest that damage to the fan type LFCN is unavoidable by conventional fasciotomy. We previously demonstrated that injury to non-fan type LFCN occurred in 28.6% of patients who underwent THA by fasciotomy performed 2 cm away from the intermuscular space. This suggests that the conventional approach also poses a risk of LFCN injury for non-fan type LFCN. LFCN injury is rarely reported in the anterolateral approach (ALA), which involves incision of fascia further away than DAA. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the position of fasciotomy in DAA affects the risk of LFCN injury. Methods; This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study. All patients are divided into the fan type and non-fan type using ultrasonography before surgery. Patients with the non-fan type LFCN will be performed by the conventional fasciotomy and the lateral fasciotomy in the order specified in the allocation table created in advance by our clinical trial center. The primary endpoint is the presence of LFCN injury. The secondary endpoints will be assessed based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at 3 months after surgery in an outpatient setting using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), and the Forgotten-Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). Discussion; We hypothesize that the incidence of LFCN injury due to DAA-THA can be reduced by making the incision further away from where it is typically made in conventional fasciotomy. If our hypothesis is confirmed, it will reduce the disadvantages of DAA, improve patient satisfaction. Trial registration; UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000035945.Registered on 20 Feburary 2019.
Does Muti-media Health Education Reduce the Workload of Nurses Without Affecting Patient's Satisfaction: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Liping , Wei Huaping , Zhang Caiyun , Zhang Zhigang , Tian jINHUI , Ma Xiaojia , Han lulu , Li Na , Meng Wenbo , Yao Jia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Health education is an educational activity, which can help to improve the individuals and groups health care knowledge, establish basic health concepts and voluntarily adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention. As one of the key influencing factors of patients’ rehabilitation, health education with high quality and efficiency has been gaining more focus. Nowadays, health education in surgical intervention departments is mainly carried out by oral face-to-face communication and guidance from admission nurses; however, this is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, oral guidance is influenced by the nurse’s ability for expression and acknowledgement. Methods: This is a protocol for a perspective, parallel-group RCT conducted at a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery institute in Lanzhou. A total of 184 patients aged ≥18 years with general surgery illness and acceptable surgery, will be randomly allocated to 1 of the two groups (1:1 ratio). Conscious, cooperative Chinese speaking patients with primary school or above education level were recruited in the study. Each participant will have a baseline assessment at the hospital and the clinical data will be collected. In the group of multi-media video education, routine content of health education will be videotaped and played by the nurses on the first day of admission of the participants. Primary outcomes are nursing workload, and satisfaction of patients, family members, doctors and nurses. Secondary outcomes will include patients' anxiety level, inquiry time, time taken by the patients and their family members to watch videos.Discussion: This study investigates the two types of health education methods for surgical patients. These results may help reduce the workload of nurses, without impacting the satisfaction of surgical patients.Trial registration: NCT03989401. Registered on 17 June 2018.
Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Volotovska Nataliya 
Published: April 2021

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism.
The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism.
Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed.
Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion.
Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.
The method of random balance for studying the influence of excipients quantities on technological parameters of tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. dry extract
Authors: Chernetska Svitlana , Beley Natalia , Demchuk Mariana 
Published: April 2021

The aim. The aim of the research was to study the influence of excipients amount on the technological parameters of the compression mixture and tablets based on dry extract of Origanum vulgare L. herb using the method of random balance.
Materials and methods. Objects of the study – Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract, 8 excipients that have been studied at two quantitative levels. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The formulations were designed according to the method of random balance. The technological parameters of the compression mixture and tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract have been studied as a function of quantitative factors: silicon, magnesium carbonate basic, dioxide magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin S1®), isomalt (GalenIQ™720), F-melt® Type C (co-spray dried excipients), sucralose, berry flavor and citric acid.
Results and discussion. The increase in the amount of Neusilin S1®, GalenIQ™720 and F-melt®, and the decrease in the amount of magnesium carbonate basic and silicon dioxide improved the flowability expressed by the Hausner ratio. Results of bulk density and tapped density of the compression mixture depended on the quantities of GalenIQ™720 and F-melt®. All formulations of the prepared tablets had the rapid disintegration and ranging from 6 to 15 minutes. Resistance for crushing and friability tablets’ were improved with a decrease in the amount of silicon dioxide and increase in the amount of Neusilin S1®, F-melt® and sucralose. Higher resistance to moisture of tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. dry extract was obtained by using Neusilin S1®, F-melt® and sucralose on the upper levels.
Conclusions. The tablets based on Origanum vulgare L. herb dry extract were successfully manufactured by direct compression method. The random balance method enabled us to identify the most significant quantitative factors to optimize their composition in the tablets based on the dry extract of Origanum vulgare L. herb.
Agroecological influence of micronutrient fetilizers and seed inoculation on a soybean crop
Authors: Fedoruk Inna , Bakhmat Oleg , Khmelianchyshyn Yuri , Gorodyska Olesia 
Published: April 2021

The practical experience substantiates the need to treat soybean seeds with high-quality inoculants and VuksalKoMo 15 with the trace elements content of cobalt and molybdenum. The processes of inoculation of seeds in the form of rhizobial bacteria significantly improve the soy plants ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the early stages of development. We begin to observe the rhizobial formation on the corinium soybean system already at the stage of BBCH 12–13. This in turn will affect the yield and productivity of Rosin soybeans.
One of the important aspects of soybean cultivation is providing not only macroelements, NPK, Ca, S, but also microelements.
Carrying out experiments on the effect of seed inoculation on soybean yield, we combined an inoculant, VuksalKoMo preparation and Sdandak Top insecticidal fungicide preparation with a sowing period of up to 5–7 days in a tank mixture. One of the main requirements is the use of high-quality inoculants with a high content of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria for processing soybean seeds. This, in turn, will ensure high yields of soybeans with optimal costs and the fastest return on investment, especially in today's conditions.
The research results are aimed at solving urgent problems in the technology of growing leguminous crops, namely: developing a version of the technology for growing soybeans for the selection of varieties, adapted to a given climatic zone, the use of inoculants and micronutrients in the conditions of climate change
Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Daly Sean W. , Lowe Jeremy , Hornsby Gracie M. , Harris Angela R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.
Examining the potential of an irrigation work to improve sustainability in a rural area
Authors: Ragkos Athanasios , Ambas Vasileios 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Irrigation works aim to increase the efficiency of water use and economic benefits for farmers. This study adopts a broader view and investigates their potential to contribute to the achievement of other sustainability objectives. In particular, the paper employs a multi-objective programming (MOP) model, which examines the possibilities of simultaneously achieving four conflicting objectives with the upgrade of an irrigation network in a rural area in Greece. The four objectives are maximization of economic result (economic sustainability) and of employment (social sustainability) as well as the minimization of agrochemical use and irrigation water consumption (environmental sustainability). The compromise is sought through different cropping patterns either by restructuring existing crops (Scenario 1) or by also introducing new crops (Scenario 2). The results show that solutions in Scenario 2 perform much better in all dimensions of sustainability; however, large increases in economic performance and employment come with lower environmental gains. A cost-benefit analysis shows that very few solutions yield positive Net Present Value and the investment could be halted if benefits relating to social and environmental sustainability are disregarded. Results are discussed in conjunction with the proposal of a new governance scheme, which could assume broader roles in supporting sustainable development.
Development of Non-opioid Analgesics Targeting Two-pore Domain Potassium
Channels
Authors: Huang Lu , Xu Guangyin , Jiang Ruotian , Luo Yuncheng , Zuo Yunxia , Liu Jin 
Published: April 2021

:
Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are a diverse family of potassium channels. K2P channels generate background leak potassium currents to regulate cellular excitability and are thereby involved in a wide range of neurological disorders. K2P channels are modulated by a variety of physicochemical factors such as mechanical stretch, temperature, and pH. In the the peripheral nervous system (PNS), K2P channels are widely expressed in nociceptive neurons and play a critical roles in pain perception. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the pharmacological properties of K2P channels, with a focus on the exogenous small-molecule activators targeting K2P channels. We emphasize the subtype-selectivity, cellular and in vivo pharmacological properties of all the reported small-molecule activators. The key underlying analgesic mechanisms mediated by K2P are also summarized based on the data in the literature from studies using small-molecule activators and genetic knock-out animals. We discuss advantages and limitations of the translational perspectives of K2P in pain medicine and provide outstanding questions for future studies in the end.
A Detection Mechanism for PMU Data Manipulation Attacks by Using Sliced Recurrent Convolutional Attention Module
Authors: Li Yuancheng , Hou Haiyan 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Data Manipulation Attacks (PDMA)
can change the state estimates of power systems and cause significant damage to the smart grid. So
it is vital to research a method to detect it.

Objective:
In this paper, we propose a detection mechanism and model for PDMA.

Methods:
Firstly, the distribution's characteristics of Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and PMU are
analyzed, and we use these characteristics to detect a PDMA detection mechanism that could help
us reduce the number of detection samples. Secondly, we use the Sliced Recurrent Neural Network
(SRNN) to extract the time series data's temporal characteristics of PMU data. Thirdly, based on
the temporal characteristics, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Attention mechanisms
are used to extract the spatial features of these data. Finally, we sent the spatial features to the Fully
Layer and used the softmax function to classify.

Results:
The proposed SRCAM in this paper has two advantages. One is that it implements the
parallel computation on data by using the segmentation concept of SRNN, which reduces the computation
time. The other is that using the Attention mechanism on CNN can make the spatial features
more prominent. At the end of the paper, we do many comparative experiments between
SRCAM and other models, such as some algorithms of Machine learning and soft computing. We
take IEEE node data as experimental data and TensorFlow as an experimental platform. Experimental
results show that the SRCAM model has an excellent performance of the detection of
PDMA with high precision and accuracy.

Conclusion:
The superiority of SRCAM is theoretically and experimentally proved in this paper.
As we expected, SRCAM showed great results in the application of PDMA detection.
Comparison of Changes in Cognitive Functions of Post-stroke Patients with the Computer-based Cognitive Intervention (PABLO System) and Conventional Cognitive Intervention (Paper-pencil Method)
Authors: Kulshrestha Sudhi , Agrawal Manju , Singh Ajai K. , Ved Akash 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Cognitive functions are mental series of activities that allow us to
carry out any activity. The most important cognitive functions are orientation, attention,
memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial skills. Cognitive impairment is a
prevalent consequence of stroke. The prognosis of stroke recovery can be estimated
through the severity of cognitive impairment. The objective of this research work was to
compare the changes in cognitive functions of post-stroke patients with the computerbased
cognitive intervention (CBCI) using the PABLO system and conventional cognitive
intervention (CCI) using the paper-pencil method.

Methods:
A total of 80 stroke patients with cognitive impairment were selected and divided
into two groups. Group A received intervention through PABLO System (CBCI),
and Group B received the cognitive intervention through the Paper Pencil method (CCI).
Pre and post-assessment of cognitive functions like verbal fluency, language, orientation
and attention, memory, visuospatial, and mini-mental state examination for both groups
were done by Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination-revised (ACE-R) scale.

Result:
After the intervention of 4 weeks, patients of both groups showed improvement
in cognitive functions. However, group A scored higher in comparison to group B.

Conclusion:
Data suggest that both the interventions will bring changes in cognitive functions
of post-stroke patients, but CBCI may be much more effective in improving the cognitive
functions of stroke patients.
W kontekście 100-lecia niepodległości. Mazowsze i jego gospodarka: od Drugiej do Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej. Część druga: Okres 1945–2018: Polska Ludowa i Trzecia Rzeczpospolita
Authors: Leszczyńska Cecylia 
Published: April 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi drugą część opracowania dotyczącego gospodarki Mazowsza na przestrzeni minionego stulecia. Przedstawia procesy i zjawiska, które ukształtowały strukturę gospodarki regionu w drugiej połowie XX w., a więc w okresie Polski Ludowej (lata 1945–1989) oraz Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (1990–2018). W dwudziestym wieku Mazowsze zwykło się utożsamiać z województwem warszawskim. Jest to oczywiście uproszczenie (o historycznym Mazowszu pisałam w części pierwszej opublikowanej w 2019 r.), niemniej z uwagi na charakter informacji jakościowych i ilościowych, które były zestawiane i agregowane na poziomie województw, podejście to narzuca się samo przez się. Powojenne województwo warszawskie stanowiło „trzon” Mazowsza, sytuacja w tym zakresie uległa zasadniczej zmianie po reformie 1975 r. likwidującej duże województwa oraz jednostki poziomu powiatowego. W jej wyniku województwo warszawskie zlikwidowano, jego obszary znalazły się w dziewięciu małych jednostkach poziomu wojewódzkiego. Jedną z nich było województwo stołeczne warszawskie. Duże województwa przywróciła dopiero reforma z 1998 r. Jednym z nich jest wojewódzkie mazowieckie.