bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus for the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UK practical guidelines
Authors: Phillips Mary E , Hopper Andrew D , Leeds John S , Roberts Keith J , McGeeney Laura , Duggan Sinead N , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPancreatic exocrine insufficiency is a finding in many conditions, predominantly affecting those with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and acute necrotising pancreatitis. Patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency can experience gastrointestinal symptoms, maldigestion, malnutrition and adverse effects on quality of life and even survival.There is a need for readily accessible, pragmatic advice for healthcare professionals on the management of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.Methods and analysisA review of the literature was conducted by a multidisciplinary panel of experts in pancreatology, and recommendations for clinical practice were produced and the strength of the evidence graded. Consensus voting by 48 pancreatic specialists from across the UK took place at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland annual scientific meeting.ResultsRecommendations for clinical practice in the diagnosis, initial management, patient education and long term follow up were developed. All recommendations achieved over 85% consensus and are included within these comprehensive guidelines.
Australian doctors are more engaged than UK doctors: why is this the case?
Authors: Long Paul W , Spurgeon Peter , Loh Erwin , Mazelan Patti , Barwell Fred 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite reports highlighting the need for greater medical engagement and the benefits of being widely understood, very little information is available on the status of medical engagement in Australia, and how this compares to the UK. Answering this question will no doubt assist training bodies, curriculum designers and policy makers better understand relevant issues.MethodsThe medical engagement questionnaire (MES) was emailed to all medical staff working at 159 UK National Health Service Trusts and 18 health service organisations in Australia. The questionnaire consists of 30 predetermined items seeking responses using a 5-point Likert scale.ResultsOverall, doctors in the Australian dataset are slightly more engaged, or more positive, than their UK colleagues. Good interpersonal relationships was the only variable that UK doctors scored more positively than their Australian counterparts. At the lower end of the responses, that is the least engaged, we found this even more apparent. Where doctors in Australia are less disengaged, that is still more positive than the UK colleagues.ConclusionWhile the profiles of medical engagement vary at the sites and also across the MES and subscales, the data illustrate that overall doctors in Australia feel valued and empowered, and they have purpose and direction and work in a collaborate culture. At the most disengaged end of the scale, Australian doctors are markedly less disengaged than their UK counterparts. There may be numerous factors that influence and change how engaged doctors are in both countries. The most prominent of these are appear to be working conditions and lifestyle, driven by funding and other economics issues. This research is likely to be of great interest to regulators and training bodies in both countries.
Low relative diffusion weighted image signal intensity can predict good prognosis after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kishi Fumihisa , Nakagawa Ichiro , Park HunSoo , Kotsugi Masashi , Myouchin Kaoru , Motoyama Yasushi , Nakase Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt is vital to identify a surrogate last-known-well time to perform proper endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke; however, no established imaging biomarker can easily and quickly identify eligibility for endovascular thrombectomy and predict good clinical prognosis.ObjectiveTo investigate whether low relative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal intensity can be used as a predictor of good clinical outcome after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively identified consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who were treated with endovascular thrombectomy within 24 hours of the last-known-well time and achieved successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b). Relative DWI signal intensity was calculated as DWI signal intensity in the infarcted area divided by DWI signal intensity in the contralateral hemisphere. Good prognosis was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days after stroke onset (good prognosis group).Results49 patients were included in the analysis. Relative DWI signal intensity was significantly lower in the group with good prognosis than in the those with poor prognosis (median (IQR) 1.32 (1.27–1.44) vs 1.56 (1.43–1.66); p<0.01), and the critical cut-off value for predicting good prognosis was 1.449 (area under the curve 0.78). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed association of good prognosis after endovascular thrombectomy with low relative DWI signal intensity (OR=6.84; 95% CI 1.13 to 41.3; p=0.04).ConclusionsLow relative DWI signal intensity was associated with good prognosis after endovascular thrombectomy. Its ability to predict good clinical outcome shows potential for determining patient suitability for endovascular thrombectomy.
Nautilus-assisted coil embolization for a complex AcomA wide-necked aneurysm in the setting of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sirakov Alexander , Matanov Svetozar , Bhogal Pervinder , Sirakov Stanimir 
Published: June 2021

Numerous devices and sophisticated strategies have been developed to further increase the number of aneurysms amenable to endovascular treatment.1–4 Despite the superfluity of available neurovascular armamentarium, wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms can still pose a significant technical challenge to the treating clinician.5–7 Neck bridging is a conceptually new approach, which provides increased occlusion rates with lower recurrence and complications rates.8–10 The Nautilus (EndoStream Medical) is an intrasaccular bridging device intended to assist in coil embolization of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms. This CE-marked device, available in various sizes, consists of flexible-layers, and is a nitinol-based, detachable implant. The device is delivered through a standard microcatheter with a minimal 0.0165" inner diameter and is fully radiopaque and completely resheathable.Owing to its unique ‘tornado’ like shape the device entirely reconstructs the aneurysmal neck, which facilitates the following coil embolization. In this video 1, we demonstrate the use of Nautilus - assisted coil embolization for a complex anterior communicating artery (AcomA) wide-necked aneurysm in the setting of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.Video 1
Protocol-dependence of middle cerebral artery dilation to modest hypercapnia
Authors: Al-Khazraji Baraa K. , Buch Sagar , Kadem Mason , Matushewski Brad J. , Norozi Kambiz , Menon Ravi S. , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: June 2021

There is a need for improved understanding of how different cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) protocols affect vascular cross-sectional area (CSA) to reduce error in CVR calculations when measures of vascular CSA are not feasible. In human participants, we delivered ∼±4 mm Hg end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) relative to baseline through controlled delivery, and measured changes in middle cerebral artery (MCA) CSA (7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), blood velocity (transcranial Doppler and Phase contrast MRI), and calculated CVR based on a 3-minute steady-state (+4 mm Hg PETCO2) and a ramp (−3 to +4 mm Hg of PETCO2). We observed that (1) the MCA did not dilate during the ramp protocol (slope for CSA across time P > 0.05; R2 = 0.006), but did dilate by ∼7% during steady-state hypercapnia (P < 0.05); and (2) MCA blood velocity CVR was not different between ramp and steady-state hypercapnia protocols (ramp: 3.8 ± 1.7 vs. steady-state: 4.0 ± 1.6 cm/s/mm Hg), although calculated MCA blood flow CVR was ∼40% greater during steady-state hypercapnia than during ramp (P < 0.05) with the discrepancy due to MCA CSA changes during steady-state hypercapnia. We propose that a ramp model, across a delta of −3 to +4 mm Hg PETCO2, may provide an alternative approach to collecting CVR measures in young adults with transcranial Doppler when CSA measures are not feasible. Novelty: We optimized a magnetic resonance imaging sequence to measure dynamic middle cerebral artery (MCA) cross-sectional area (CSA). A ramp model of hypercapnia elicited similar MCA blood velocity reactivity as the steady-state model while maintaining MCA CSA.
The compressed zero-divisor graphs of order 4
Authors: Monastyreva A. S. 
Published: June 2021

In [E. V. Zhuravlev and A. S. Monastyreva, Compressed zero-divisor graphs of finite associative rings, Siberian Math. J. 61(1) (2020) 76–84.], we found the graphs containing at most three vertices that can be realized as the compressed zero-divisor graphs of some finite associative ring. This paper deals with associative finite rings whose compressed zero-divisor graphs have four vertices. Namely, we find all graphs containing four vertices that can be realized as the compressed zero-divisor graphs of some finite associative ring.
AMBIDEXTROUS INNOVATION IN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN INDIA: THE ROLE OF NEW ENTRANTS, TECHNOLOGICAL DISCONTINUITY, AND KNOWLEDGE NETWORKS
Authors: SAXENA NAVIN KUMAR , DAS SATYASIBA 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effects of competitive pressure by new entrants and technological discontinuity on the strategic innovations adopted by incumbent state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in India. Due to government ownership, these firms are dominant players domestically and their market leadership is challenged by new entrants. Technological discontinuity challenges technology leadership. Incumbent firms develop knowledge networks by working with partners, suppliers, and buyers. The incumbent firms must strike a balance between the exploitation of current technology and the exploration of new technology. This study aims to understand the effect of new entrants and technological discontinuity on the exploitation and exploration strategies of Indian SOEs in the manufacturing sector. The quantitative analysis is carried out using partial least squares structural equation modeling. For Indian SOEs, the technological discontinuity does affect exploitation and exploration, but new entrants have no such effect. The study confirms the moderating effect of knowledge networks on exploitation.
Review of The Foundations of Computability Theory (Second Edition) by Borut Robič
Authors: Galinkin Erick 
Published: June 2021

Computability theory forms the foundation for much of theoretical computer science. Many of our great unsolved questions stem from the need to understand what problems can even be solved. The greatest question of computer science, P vs. NP, even sidesteps this entirely, asking instead how efficiently we can find solutions for the problems that we know are solvable. For many students both at the undergraduate and graduate level, a first exposure to computability theory follows a standard sequence on data structures and algorithms and students often marvel at the first results they see on undecidability - how could we possibly prove that we can never solve a problem?
This book, in contrast with other books that are often used as first exposures to computability, finite automata, Turing machines, and the like, focuses very specifically on the notion of what is computable and how computability theory, as a science unto itself, fits into the grander scheme. The book is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in computer science or mathematics who are interested in theoretical computer science. Robič sidesteps the standard theoretical computer science progression - understanding finite automata and pushdown automata before moving into Turing machines - by setting the stage with Hilbert's program and mathematical prerequisites before introducing the Turing machine absent the usual prerequisites, and then introducing advanced topics often absent in introductory texts. Most chapters are relatively short and contain problem sets, making it appropriate for both a classroom text or for self-study.
Review of Ideas that Created the Future
Authors: Gasarch William 
Published: June 2021

What are the most important papers in computer science? What are the most important 46 papers in computer science? Yikes! Far more than 46 seem to qualify. Picking out the top 46 papers in computer science is the task that befallen Harry Lewis (henceforth Harry). I suspect it was both a burden (gee, which ones to omit?) and a joy (Wow, these papers are insightful!). He used two (probably more) criteria that helped him cut it down (1) he prefers short readable papers to long unreadable ones (don't we all!), and (2) no paper past 1980 (arbitrary but firm cutoff). There were also absurd financial constraints based on how much the rights to republish a paper costs. In some cases a paper that is available online for free cost too much to put into a book. See my comment on Turing's 1936 paper.
This book is a collection of the 46 most important papers in computer science, in the opinion of Harry, relative to some constraints. The complete list is at the end of the review. While I am sure many readers will think why isn't X in the list, or why is X in the list, or I never heard of X, I suspect that 2/3 of the people reading this review will agree with 2/3 of the papers on the list. I would urge people to read the book AND THEN have an intelligent debate about which papers should or should not be in it.
Investigation of Newly Diagnosed Drug-Naive Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Revealed the Cleaved Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine (PYY 3-36) as a Specific Plasma Biomarker of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Balog Jozsef A. , Kemeny Agnes , Puskas Laszlo G. , Burcsar Szilard , Balog Attila , Szebeni Gabor J. 
Published: June 2021

There is a current imperative to reveal more precisely the molecular pathways of early onset of systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). The investigation of newly diagnosed drug-naive SAD patients might contribute to identify novel disease-specific and prognostic markers. The multiplex analysis of 30 plasma proteins in 60 newly diagnosed drug-naive SADs, such as RA (rheumatoid arthritis,

n
=
31

), SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus,

n
=
19

), and SSc (systemic scleroderma,

n
=
10

) patients, versus healthy controls (HCs,

n
=
40

) was addressed. Thirty plasma cytokines were quantified using the Procarta Plex™ panel. The higher expression of IL-12p40, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, M-CSF, IL-4, NTproBNP, IL-17A, BMP-9, PYY (3-36), GITRL, MMP-12, and TNFRSF6 was associated with RA; IL-12p40, M-CSF, IL-4, GITRL, and NTproBNP were higher in SLE; or NTproBNP, PYY (3-36), and MMP-12 were increased in SSc over HCs, respectively. The cleaved peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY 3-36) was elevated in RA (

361.6
±
47.7

pg/ml) vs. HCs (

163.96
±
14.5

pg/ml,

mean
±
SEM

,

∗

∗

∗

p
=
4
×

10

−
5

). The CI (95%) was 268.05-455.16 pg/ml for RA vs. 135.55-192.37 pg/ml for HCs. The elevated PYY (3-36) level correlated significantly with the increased IL-4 or GITRL concentration but not with the clinical scores (DAS28, CRP, ESR, RF, aMCV). We are the first to report cleaved PYY (3-36) as a specific plasma marker of therapy-naive RA. Additionally, the multiplex plasma protein analysis supported a disease-specific cytokine pattern in RA, SLE, and SSc, respectively.
Multiple Nontrivial Solutions for a Nonlocal Problem with Sublinear Nonlinearity
Authors: Shi Zhigao , Qian Xiaotao 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the following nonlocal problem

−

a
−
b

∫

Ω

∇
u

2

d
x

Δ
u
=
λ
u
+
f

x

u

p
−
2

u
,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
0
,

x
∈
∂
Ω
,

where

a
,
b
>
0

are constants,

1
<
p
<
2

,

λ
>
0

,

f
∈

L

∞

Ω

is a positive function, and

Ω

is a smooth bounded domain in

ℝ

N

with

N
≥
3

. By variational methods, we obtain a pair of nontrivial solutions for the considered problem provided

f

∞

is small enough.
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Immunotherapy Drives Oncolytic Effects and Durable Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Harper James , Burke Shannon , Travers Jon , Rath Nicola , Leinster Andrew , Navarro Christel , Franks Ruth , Leyland Rebecca , Mulgrew Kathy , McGlinchey Kelly , Brown Lee , Dovedi Simon J. , Koopmann Jens-Oliver , Durham Nicholas M. , Cheng Xing , Jin Hong , Eyles Jim , Wilkinson Robert W. , Carroll Danielle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), encoding either a human (NDVhuGM-CSF, MEDI5395) or murine (NDVmuGM-CSF) GM-CSF transgene, combined broad oncolytic activity with the ability to significantly modulate genes related to immune functionality in human tumor cells. Replication in murine tumor lines was significantly diminished relative to human tumor cells. Nonetheless, intratumoral injection of NDVmuGM-CSF conferred antitumor effects in three syngeneic models in vivo; with efficacy further augmented by concomitant treatment with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 or T-cell agonists. Ex vivo immune profiling, including T-cell receptor sequencing, revealed profound immune-contexture changes consistent with priming and potentiation of adaptive immunity and tumor microenvironment (TME) reprogramming toward an immune-permissive state. CRISPR modifications rendered CT26 tumors significantly more permissive to NDV replication, and in this setting, NDVmuGM-CSF confers immune-mediated effects in the noninjected tumor in vivo. Taken together, the data support the thesis that MEDI5395 primes and augments cell-mediated antitumor immunity and has significant utility as a combination partner with other immunomodulatory cancer treatments.
Structural Connectivity Remote From Lesions Correlates With Somatosensory Outcome Poststroke
Authors: Koh Chia-Lin , Yeh Chun-Hung , Liang Xiaoyun , Vidyasagar Rishma , Seitz Rüdiger J. , Nilsson Michael , Connelly Alan , Carey Leeanne M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
Changes in connectivity of white matter fibers remote to a stroke lesion, suggestive of structural connectional diaschisis, may impact on clinical impairment and recovery after stroke. However, until recently, we have not had tract-specific techniques to map changes in white matter tracts in vivo in humans to enable investigation of potential mechanisms and clinical impact of such remote changes. Our aim was to identify and quantify white matter tracts that are affected remote from a stroke lesion and to investigate the associations between reductions in tract-specific connectivity and impaired touch discrimination function after stroke.

Methods:
We applied fixel-based analysis to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from 37 patients with stroke (right lesion =16; left lesion =21) and 26 age-matched healthy adults. Three quantitative metrics were compared between groups: fiber density; fiber-bundle cross-section; and a combined measure of both (fiber-bundle cross-section) that reflects axonal structural connectivity.

Results:
Compared with healthy adults, patients with stroke showed significant common fiber-bundle cross-section and fiber density reductions in 4 regions remote from focal lesions that play roles in somatosensory and spatial information processing. Structural connectivity along the somatosensory fibers of the lesioned hemisphere was correlated with contralesional hand touch function. Touch function of the ipsilesional hand was associated with connectivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and, for the right-lesion group, the corpus callosum.

Conclusions:
Remote tract-specific reductions in axonal connectivity indicated by diffusion imaging measures are observed in the somatosensory network after stroke. These remote white matter connectivity reductions, indicative of structural connectional diaschisis, are associated with touch impairment in patients with stroke.
Hearing the Voice of the Child through the Storm of the Pandemic: The Impact of covid-19 Measures on the Detection of and Response to Child Protection Concerns
Authors: Driscoll Jenny , Hutchinson Aisha , Lorek Ann , Kiss Katrina , Kinnear Elise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
covid-19 and the resulting “lockdown” and social distancing measures significantly disrupted the mechanisms by which child maltreatment may be identified or disclosed and children’s voices in relation to their protection are heard. This paper reports on the first stage of a multi-disciplinary study in which 67 interviews were undertaken with strategic and operational leads in all professions with child protection responsibilities from 24 London boroughs in June to early September 2020. Findings highlight disruptions to communication pathways caused by redeployment and the closure of universal and early help services, and concerns about the effectiveness and safety of distanced interactions. Innovations in practice to overcome these challenges are reported, including risk reevaluation exercises, keeping in touch strategies and online innovations. Lundy’s model of participation rights is employed to identify lessons for addressing the invisibility of some groups of children, enhancing access to and quality of communication, and embedding responsibility for listening to children.
“Post-covid” Childhood-s?: Transdisciplinary Reflections on Participatory Praxis in the Lives of 21st Century Children
Authors: Faria Christine Goodwin-De , Bendo Daniella , Mitchell Richard C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite the increased risks and vulnerabilities that children and young people face due to the Coronavirus (covid-19), they are also some of the most active in their participatory responses to this global emergency. Drawing on transdisciplinarity, this paper considers how covid-19 has opened up new spaces and opportunities for the participation of children. For example, young people across the globe have been actively involved in raising digital awareness about covid-19, participating in environmental activism, and engaging in unique educational opportunities. While children and young people are often constructed as vulnerable, innocent and in need of protection, this pandemic reveals that they can transcend these adultist constructs.
Symbiotic Harms of Imprisonment and the Effect on Children’s Right to Family Life
Authors: Minson Shona , Flynn Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Measures taken by governments to address covid-19 in prisons, have impacted significantly on the lives and rights of children. There has been consequential interference with children’s rights to family life and to contact with a parent from whom they have been separated. Since the onset of the pandemic, prisoners in many jurisdictions have lived under restricted regimes with almost universal bans on family visits. Children have not had face-to-face contact with their imprisoned parents, and alternate forms of contact have not always been available to them. Using survey and interview data collected during lockdowns in the UK and Australia, we consider the implications of the interference with the rights of children with an imprisoned parent. Focusing on their relationships, health and wellbeing and using the concept of symbiotic harms, we note how children’s experiences of the cessation of contact interacted with parents’ and caregivers’ experiences, amplifying the harms to children.