bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental and pediatric disorders among children 0–6 years of parents with severe mental illness
Authors: Davidsen Kirstine Agnete , Munk‐Laursen Thomas , Foli‐Andersen Pia , Ranning Anne , Harder Susanne , Nordentoft Merete , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveParental severe mental illness (SMI) increases the lifetime risk of mental and pediatric disorders in the offspring but little is known about specific disorders during early childhood. The primary aim was to investigate the incidence of mental and pediatric disorders among children 0–6 years old exposed to parental SMI, and secondarily to investigate the distribution of disorders on specific child age.MethodsA nationwide, register‐based cohort study of 1,477,185 children born in Denmark between 1994.01.01 and 2016.12.31. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression analysis for any and specific mental and pediatric disorders.ResultsIRR for any psychiatric disorder was elevated by a factor 2–5 among SMI offspring. Maternal schizophrenia resulted in the highest IRR = 5.23 (4.80–5.69) of any child psychiatric disorder. The risk of anxiety/OCD and attachment disorder among offspring exposed to parental, and in particular maternal, SMI was markedly raised with IRRs for anxiety/OCD between 7.59 and 17.02 and attachment disorders between 6.26 and 15.40. IRRs of mental disorders were highest at age 0–1 year and declined with age. IRR for any pediatric disorder was also elevated with IRRs between 1.01 and 1.28. Disorders of the digestive system and ill‐defined symptoms were associated with the highest IRRs. Maternal (vs. paternal) SMI was associated with higher IRRs. IRRs declined slightly with child age.ConclusionChildren exposed to parental SMI are at increased risk of mental and pediatric disorders during early childhood, particularly anxiety/OCD and attachment disorders. If associations are estimates of a modifiable causal relationship, our results indicate a need for early intervention to promote mental and pediatric health among SMI offspring.
Factors associated with the increased risk of dementia found in the Torres Strait
Authors: Russell Sarah G. , Quigley Rachel , Thompson Fintan , Sagigi Betty , Miller Gavin , LoGiudice Dina , Smith Kate , Pachana Nancy A. , Strivens Edward 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the specific risk factors for dementia in the Torres Strait.MethodsThis research was conducted as part of a cross‐sectional dementia prevalence study conducted in the Torres Strait. Participants underwent a comprehensive health assessment, where data on risk factors were collected, and a Geriatrician assessment, which was used to establish dementia diagnoses.ResultsA total of 276 Torres Strait residents aged between 45 and 93 participated in the study. Cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and older age were the most significant risk factors in this population. Once adjusted for age, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, low education and problems with mobility and incontinence were significantly associated with dementia.ConclusionsReducing dementia risk in the Torres Strait requires multifactorial interventions to address potentially modifiable risk factors with a particular focus on addressing the development of chronic midlife diseases.
Keeping busy when there's nothing to do
Authors: PARKER CAROLINE MARY 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAt an addiction shelter called La Casita, in Puerto Rico, male residents espouse an ethic of busyness. Initially, La Casita's ideology of moralized work patterns and time discipline seems like a throwback to the 19th‐century factory floor: a tool of market discipline. But a closer look at residents’ experiences reveals that busyness has less to do with capitalist subject formation than with finding an alternative way of living when one is excluded from the labor market. If the capitalist project turns on the productive commodification of time, La Casita's work ethic—despite official avowals to the contrary—aims to convert unproductive time into an ascetic practice of ceaseless self‐work. Though not always successful, keeping busy becomes a way for residents to carve out a meaningful way of living from an overabundance of time. [labor,work ethic,boredom,time,addiction treatment,Puerto Rico]
Keeping bio‐alive in geography education
Authors: Morales‐Ramirez Carlos A. , Wang Yi‐Chen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the rapid changes our planet is undergoing, biogeography plays a key role in addressing real‐world issues such as species distribution change. However, biogeography is a discipline lacking a strong presence in education. This paper examines various curricula from Asia, the United Kingdom, and United States to understand the current status of biogeography education. We found that while some biogeographic concepts, especially those around biodiversity, are included in some geography and biology curricula, there is not a strong focus on the discipline. Some individuals only find out about the discipline from their graduate studies. Our questionnaire survey conducted with students at a university in Singapore showed that only 25% of the students had some understanding of the discipline’s focus, and they associated the discipline with keywords of plants, animals, organisms, environment, biology, and geography. Even incorrect responses included similar words associating biogeography with ecosystems and the environment. Based on the results, we make some recommendations, including the addition of biogeography in school standards and the availability of education tools and resources for educators. It is imperative for researchers to make educational materials and training tools easily accessible.
Population pharmacokinetics of roxadustat in Japanese dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease patients with anaemia
Authors: Takada Akitsugu , Shibata Tomohisa , Shiga Takanori , Groenendaal‐van de Meent Dorien , Komatsu Kanji 
Published: August 2021

AimsOur objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to describe roxadustat plasma concentrations in Japanese dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (DD‐CKD) patients with renal anaemia and to identify the covariate factors that affect exposure of roxadustat.MethodsIn total, 367 patients (male, 256; female, 111) contributing 1285 concentration values from 4 clinical studies were analysed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach. Candidate covariates included clinical characteristics hypothesized to affect roxadustat clearance and bioavailability, such as demographics, hepatic parameters and concomitant drugs.ResultsThe roxadustat PK data in Japanese DD‐CKD patients with renal anaemia were well described by a 2‐compartment disposition model with first‐order absorption and interindividual variability on clearance, central volume of distribution and absorption rate constant. Age was identified as a significant covariate on clearance. PK profiles of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients were comparable. Eighty‐two percent of patients were administered at least 1 phosphate binder (PB). The effect of PBs on roxadustat concentration was modelled as a decrease in bioavailability. Staggered administration of PBs reduced the effect on roxadustat bioavailability. The clinical impact of all covariates on roxadustat PK was mild and manageable as the roxadustat dose was titrated based on haemoglobin level and administered starting from a low dose.ConclusionRoxadustat PK in Japanese DD‐CKD patients were successfully described by a population PK model. The identified key covariates included coadministration of PBs on the roxadustat bioavailability and age on clearance of roxadustat.
Digital Bodies: A controlled evaluation of a brief classroom‐based intervention for reducing negative body image among adolescents in the digital age
Authors: Bell Beth T. , Taylor Caitlin , Paddock Danielle , Bates Adam 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundA growing body of research has linked social media use to negative body image.AimsThe present research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Digital Bodies, a brief classroom‐based intervention that aims to improve adolescents’ body image.MethodsBritish adolescents (N = 290; Age M = 12.81; SD = 0.40; Range = 12–13; Female = 151) were cluster randomized to intervention or waiting list control groups. Measures of body satisfaction, appearance ideal internalization (thin and athletic ideal internalization) and self‐objectification were completed at baseline (T1), 1‐week post‐intervention (T2) and 8‐week follow‐up (T3).ResultsMulti‐level modelling showed adolescents in the intervention group reported improved body satisfaction at T2, in comparison to the control, and crucially this effect was sustained at T3. Additionally, girls reported less thin ideal internalization at T2 relative to the control, but this effect was not sustained at T3. No other intervention effects were found.ConclusionsOverall, the findings provide initial support for the efficacy of Digital Bodies as an intervention for improving adolescents’ body satisfaction.
Incidence and risk factors for persistent symptoms in adults previously hospitalized for COVID‐19
Authors: Munblit Daniel , Bobkova Polina , Spiridonova Ekaterina , Shikhaleva Anastasia , Gamirova Aysylu , Blyuss Oleg , Nekliudov Nikita , Bugaeva Polina , Andreeva Margarita , DunnGalvin Audrey , Comberiati Pasquale , Apfelbacher Christian , Genuneit Jon , Avdeev Sergey , Kapustina Valentina , Guekht Alla , Fomin Victor , Svistunov Andrey A. , Timashev Peter , Subbot Vladislav S. , Royuk Valery V. , Drake Thomas M. , Hanson Sarah Wulf , Merson Laura , Carson Gail , Horby Peter , Sigfrid Louise , Scott Janet T. , Semple Malcolm G. , Warner John O. , Vos Theo , Olliaro Piero , Glybochko Petr , Butnaru Denis ,   Sechenov StopCOVID Research Team
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term sequalae of COVID‐19 remain poorly characterized. We assessed persistent symptoms in previously hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and assessed potential risk factors.MethodsData were collected from patients discharged from 4 hospitals in Moscow, Russia between 8 April and 10 July 2020. Participants were interviewed via telephone using an ISARIC Long‐term Follow‐up Study questionnaire.Results2,649 of 4755 (56%) discharged patients were successfully evaluated, at median 218 (IQR 200, 236) days post‐discharge. COVID‐19 diagnosis was clinical in 1291 and molecular in 1358. Most cases were mild, but 902 (34%) required supplemental oxygen and 68 (2.6%) needed ventilatory support. Median age was 56 years (IQR 46, 66) and 1,353 (51.1%) were women. Persistent symptoms were reported by 1247 (47.1%) participants, with fatigue (21.2%), shortness of breath (14.5%) and forgetfulness (9.1%) the most common symptoms and chronic fatigue (25%) and respiratory (17.2%) the most common symptom categories. Female sex was associated with any persistent symptom category OR 1.83 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.17) with association being strongest for dermatological (3.26, 2.36 to 4.57) symptoms. Asthma and chronic pulmonary disease were not associated with persistent symptoms overall, but asthma was associated with neurological (1.95, 1.25 to 2.98) and mood and behavioural changes (2.02, 1.24 to 3.18), and chronic pulmonary disease was associated with chronic fatigue (1.68, 1.21 to 2.32).ConclusionsAlmost half of adults admitted to hospital due to COVID‐19 reported persistent symptoms 6 to 8 months after discharge. Fatigue and respiratory symptoms were most common, and female sex was associated with persistent symptoms.
Comparison of irrigation protocols for the internal decontamination of dental implants—results of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Jervøe‐Storm Pia‐Merete , Hablützel Alexandra Selina , Bartels Philipp , Kraus Dominik , Jepsen Søren , Enkling Norbert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious investigations have shown a progressive bacterial colonization of the internal cavities of two‐piece dental implants with possible implications for peri‐implant bone loss. The aim of the study was to compare different irrigation protocols for the internal decontamination of implants in vitro and in vivo.Materials and MethodsIn the in vitro part, 80 samples were obtained 24 h after inoculation with an aliquot of subgingival bacteria from 40 implants as follows: before and after either cleaning with a brush and an irrigation solution (irrigation‐brush‐irrigation: test) or repeated irrigation alone (irrigation‐irrigation: control). In the clinical study, 40 samples from twenty partially edentulous patients contributing each with one implant were collected after removal of abutment and suprastructure with sterile paper points immediately before and after decontamination and subsequently analyzed for total bacterial counts (TBC) by real‐time‐PCR. Irrigation solutions were chlorhexidine (0.2% (CHX)), H2O2 (10%), alcohol (70%, (ALC)), and NaCl (0.9%). Differences in proportional reduction of TBC between the four irrigation solutions were analyzed.ResultsIrrigation with H2O2 showed the highest effect in both parts of the study (relative TBC reduction in vitro: H2O2: 87.1%, CHX: 56.9%, ALC: 43.7%, NaCl: 42.7%; in vivo: H2O2: 51.4%, ALC: 30.4%, NaCl: 26.3%, CHX: 7.1%). The additional use of a brush showed no beneficial effect (p = 0.088). Overall, H2O2 was superior to all other irrigation solutions with regard to relative TBC reduction.ConclusionsThe present results indicate the potential of an irrigation protocol that includes a 10% H2O2 solution for the internal decontamination of implants.(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01917305).
Three‐dimensional accuracy of partially guided implant surgery based on dental magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schwindling Franz Sebastian , Juerchott Alexander , Boehm Sophia , Rues Stefan , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Rammelsberg Peter , Hilgenfeld Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo measure in vivo 3D accuracy of backward‐planned partially guided implant surgery (PGIS) based on dental magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI).Material and MethodsThirty‐four patients underwent dMRI examinations. Tooth‐supported templates were backward planned using standard dental software, 3D‐printed, and placed intraorally during a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. Treatment plans were verified for surgical viability in CBCT, and implants were placed with guiding of the pilot drill. High‐precision impressions were taken after healing. The 3D accuracy of 41 implants was evaluated by comparing the virtually planned and definitive implant positions with respect to implant entry point, apex, and axis. Deviations from the dMRI‐based implant plans were compared with the maximum deviations calculated for a typical single implant.ResultsTwenty‐eight implants were placed as planned in dMRI. Evaluation of 3D accuracy revealed mean deviations (99% confidence intervals) of 1.7 ± 0.9mm (1.2–2.1mm) / 2.3 ± 1.1mm (1.8–2.9 mm) / 7.1 ± 4.8° (4.6–9.6°) for entry point / apex / axis. The maximum deviations calculated for the typical single implant surpassed the upper bounds of the 99% CIs for the apex and axis, but not for the entry point. In the 13 other implants, dMRI‐based implant plans were optimized after CBCT. Here, deviations between the initial dMRI plan and definitive implant position were only in part higher than in the unaltered group (1.9 ± 1.7 mm [0.5–3.4 mm] / 2.5 ± 1.5 mm [1.2–3.8 mm] / 6.8 ± 3.8° [3.6–10.1°] for entry point / apex / axis).ConclusionsThe 3D accuracy of dMRI‐based PGIS was lower than that previously reported for CBCT‐based PGIS. Nonetheless, the values seem promising to facilitate backward planning without ionizing radiation.
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the cervical lymph node diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Xia Rong , Shafizadeh Negin , Brandler Tamar , Liu Cheng , Oweity Thaira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFollicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCS) are rare tumours of lymph nodes and extranodal tissues which are grouped with the histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms. The diagnosis is usually made after thorough clinical and pathological examination with immunohistochemical analysis. Difficulties persist in diagnosing FDCS on cytological preparations. We report herein a case of a 57‐year‐old female who presented with a right neck mass of 5 months duration. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging of the neck reported a necrotic right level IIb lymph node and asymmetric fullness of the right palatine tonsil. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy revealed numerous spindle, oval and stellate neoplastic cells, arranged singly and in syncytia with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, vesicular chromatin pattern, and prominent nucleoli, sprinkled with small lymphocytes. The tumour cells were strongly diffusely positive for CD21, CD23, and D2‐40 immunostaining on cell bock sections, but were negative for CD1a and CD34, supporting the diagnosis of FDCS. Follow‐up surgical pathology on the resection showed histopathological features and an immunohistochemical profile consistent with FDCS.
Innovation farm: Teaching artificial intelligence through gamified social entrepreneurship in an introductory MIS course*
Authors: Chen Yu , Albert Leslie Jordan , Jensen Scott 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn the past few years, an increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) by businesses across a range of industries has led to greater demand for employees with AI skills. This raises the question of how educators can introduce AI technologies to undergraduate business students while also developing their higher‐order thinking skills and preparing them for the complex challenges facing today's business leaders. At the same time, we have also witnessed a growing interest in social entrepreneurship among our student population. To address both needs, we designed and implemented the “Innovation Farm,” a gamified social entrepreneurship startup project, to help students learn the concepts and applications of AI in an introductory management information systems (MIS) course. The students work in teams to propose AI‐powered products and services targeting real‐world social issues. The project cultivates social awareness and empathy in students, fosters innovation, and introduces them to current AI technologies while also reinforcing their understanding of MIS course content. Students found the gamified approach engaging, as they are tackling real‐world social issues while also learning about innovation, collaboration, branding, and fundraising for a social startup. Students reported positive outcomes related to innovating using technology, making an impact through real‐world projects, and practicing their teamwork and leadership skills.
Effects of trade policies on external trade performances of ECOWAS countries (1996–2017)†
Authors: Mamba Essotanam , Balaki Afi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of the article is to analyse the effects of trade policies on foreign trade performance (manufacturing exports and imports) of the Economic Community of West African States over the period 1996–2017. Using a new continuous trade policy index and controlling for the endogeneity of the variables of interest, the findings indicate that the trade policies significantly increase imports but much more exports. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction model reveals that the effects of trade policies on manufacturing trade performance increase with financial development and the rate of cellular mobile subscriptions. These findings have implications for economic policies.
Life cycle, population parameters, and predation rate of the hover fly Eupeodes corollae fed on the aphid Myzus persicae
Authors: Lillo Inés , Perez‐Bañón Celeste , Rojo Santos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo improve the effectiveness of biological control procedures, it is necessary to quantify the survival rate of a natural enemy through the various stages of the life cycle, the fecundity rate, and the predation rate from birth to death. It is not only important to obtain all the parameters associated with a life table, but also to quantify the predation rate in the life table framework. For this purpose, the life history, population parameters, and predation rate of Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) were determined using Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey and the age‐stage, two‐sex life table methods. As predators released in biocontrol programs are mass‐produced from small populations with a consequent loss of genetic variability, we used specimens from a laboratory colony with similar characteristics. The highest mortality was found in the egg stage (54%). The mean developmental time of the pre‐adult stage was 13.70 ± 0.08 days. In the adult stage, the mean longevity was 23.81 ± 1.14 days, with the males living longer than the females. The total pre‐oviposition period was 17.62 ± 0.45 days and the mean female fecundity was 169.81 ± 29.65 eggs per female. The population parameters indicated that the population grew with a net reproduction rate of 32.87 ± 7.25 offspring per individual and an average generation time of 23.05 ± 0.65 days. The values related to the number of aphid nymphs consumed by the larvae were: a mean predation rate (cxj) of 485.20 ± 11.61 nymphs, a net predation rate (C0) of 216.68 ± 16.89, and a finite predation rate (ω) of 28.03 ± 1.18. The obtained results support the use of E. corollae as valuable resource in the biological control of aphids, specifically M. persicae. Moreover, the technique implemented in this paper allows the objective comparison of E. corollae capacity as control agent with that of other aphidophagous hover fly species and other aphid natural enemies.
Skin atrophy caused by topical glucocorticoids is less common in patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with psoriasis
Authors: Lee Chung Hyeok , Choe Sung Jay , Kim Dong Hye , Kim Eun Jung , Eom Minseob , Hong Seung‐Phil , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAlthough the long‐term use of topical glucocorticoids (TGC) may induce skin atrophy including striae distensae (SD), patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) appear to have lesser degree of skin atrophy than those with psoriasis (PSO). Periostin, encoded by POSTN, is involved in tissue remodelling processes of chronic AD lesions. This study was designed to investigate the difference in the occurrence of skin atrophy in patients with AD or PSO when treated with TGC and to elucidate the association between skin atrophy and periostin. Big data analysis using Korean Health Claims Database was performed to determine the prevalence of SD in AD and PSO patients. Blood and skin eosinophils count and dermal fibrosis between AD and PSO patients were compared, and immunohistochemistry for periostin and mRNA sequencing in the dermis were performed. Animal experiments using AD and PSO murine model were conducted. Big data analysis revealed that patients with AD have significantly lesser degree of SD than patients with PSO. The ratio of the dermal fibrous tissues and eosinophil counts were significantly higher in AD patients. In AD skin, periostin was more widely distributed in the entire dermis and POSTN mRNAs were significantly upregulated. Dermal thickness and fibrosis were significantly higher in AD mice even after TGC treatment. A significant positive correlation was observed between dermal fibrosis and tissue eosinophil counts. Lesser skin atrophy in AD patients even after long‐term TGC application could be resulted from skin fibrosis caused by increased tissue eosinophils and periostin deposition.