bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors: Chu Binbin , Wang Ajun , Cheng Liang , Chen Runzhi , Shi Huayi , Song Bin , Dong Fenglin , Wang Houyu , He Yao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEx vivo and in vivo detection and imaging of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is critically important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, which still remains challenges up to present.ResultsWe herein demonstrate that ATP could be fluorescently detected and imaged ex vivo and in vivo. In particular, we fabricate a kind of fluorescent ATP probes, which are made of titanium carbide (TC) nanosheets modified with the ROX-tagged ATP-aptamer (TC/Apt). In the constructed TC/Apt, TC shows superior quenching efficiency against ROX (e.g., ~97%). While in the presence of ATP, ROX-tagged aptamer is released from TC surface, leading to the recovery of fluorescence of ROX under the 545-nm excitation. Consequently, a wide dynamic range from 1 μM to 1.5 mM ATP and a high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.2 μM ATP can be readily achieved by the prepared TC/Apt. We further demonstrate that the as-prepared TC/Apt probe is feasible for accurate discrimination of ATP in different samples including living cells, body fluids (e.g., mouse serum, rat urine, and human serum) and mouse tumor models.ConclusionsFluorescence detection and imaging of ATP could be readily achieved in living cells, body fluids (e.g., mouse serum, rat urine, and human serum), as well as mouse tumor model through a new kind of fluorescent ATP nanoprobes, offering new powerful tools for the treatment of diseases related to abnormal fluctuation of ATP concentration.
Lysine requirements for maintenance and utilization efficiency of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) at different body weights
Authors: Marchão Rafael Silva , Ribeiro Felipe Barbosa , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Bomfim Marcos Antonio Delmondes , Silva Janayra Cardoso , Sousa Thalles José Rêgo de , Sousa Marilene da Costa , Nascimento Daphinne Cardoso Nagib 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLysine is an essential amino acid and, generally, the first limiting in diets for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), main native fish produced in continental aquaculture from South America. However, there is a lack of information on their amino acids requirements, especially for maintenance and efficiency of utilization of lysine.ResultsDiets with increasing levels of digestible lysine significantly increased final weight and the weight gain of tambaqui, for all studied ages. Feed intake decreased significantly only for fish weighing 121 g (p < 0.05), and was not affected for other ages. However, digestible lysine consumption significantly increased in all body weights groups evaluated (p < 0.05). In addition, digestible lysine consumption provided sufficient intervals to obtain of values negative, near zero and positive of retention body protein and lysine, allowing estimation of maintenance requirements without extrapolation. The maintenance lysine requirement was determined at the intersection of the point to maintain body protein retention equal to zero, and the efficiency of lysine utilization was the slope of the line between the digestible lysine consumption and its retention, for different tambaqui body weights (121, 235 and 596 g). Linear responses (p < 0.05) were observed between protein retention and body lysine in function on the consumption of digestible lysine for all evaluated body weights, and the parallelism test showed influences of body weight on the values of the maintenance requirement and efficiency of utilization for lysine, with an increase in the maintenance requirement as the fish grow. However, the efficiency of using lysine decreases with the increase in fish body weight.ConclusionsThe requirement of tambaqui for maintenance lysine and efficiency utilization are directly related to the body weight. The requirement for digestible lysine for tambaqui maintenance was 82.03 mg kg-0.7 day-1 for body weights 121 to 235 g and utilization efficiency of 55%. For weight of 596 g, the requirement of maintenance was 106.85 mg kg-0.7 day-1 and 40% of utilization efficiency of lysine.
Comparing The Efficacy of Two-Week Therapy With Modified Bismuth Quadruple Versus Modified Levofloxacin Concomitant Regimen for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Syrian Patients. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Alhalabi Marouf Muhammad , Alassi Mohammed Waleed , Eddin Kamal Alaa , Cheha Khaled 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic-resistant reduces the efficacy of conventional triple therapy for Helicobacter Pylori infections worldwide, lead to varying treatment protocols according to locations. The primary outcome of this research is to estimate the eradication rates of modified bismuth quadruple versus modified levofloxacin concomitant as empirical first-line treatment by intention to treat analysis (ITT) and per-protocol analysis (PPA) in a referral hospital in Syria.Settings and Design: an open‑label parallel blind randomized controlled trial.Methods: We randomly assigned seventy-eight naïve who tested positive for Helicobacter Pylori gastric infection, with a 1:1 ratio to (B-group) which receive (bismuth subsalicylate 524 mg four times daily, doxycycline 100 mg, tinidazole 500 mg, and esomeprazole 20 mg, each twice per day for two weeks), or (L-group) which receive (levofloxacin 500 mg daily, tinidazole 500 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and esomeprazole 20 mg each twice per day for two weeks). We confirmed Helicobacter Pylori eradication by stool antigen test at eight weeks.Results: Thirty-nine patients were allocated in each group. In the B- group, thirty-eight patients completed the follow-up, thirty patients were cured. While in the L-group, thirty-nine completed the follow-up, thirty-two patients were cured. According to ITT, the eradication rates were 76.92%, and 82.05%, for the B-group and L-group respectively. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.371 [0.454-4.146]. According to PPA, the eradication rates were 78.9 %, and 82.1% for the B-group and L-groups respectively. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.219 [0.394-3.774]. We didn’t report serious adverse effects.Conclusions: The eradication rates in both therapy regimes were fair. Further researches are required to help select the optimum first-line treatment for Helicobacter-Pylori Infection in the Syrian population.Trial registration: We register this study as a standard randomized clinical trial (Clinicaltrial.gov, identifier‑NCT04348786, date:29-January-2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04348786).
Increased Uterine Androgen Receptor Protein Abundance Results in Implantation and Mitochondrial Defects in Pregnant Rats with Hyperandrogenism and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zhang Yuehui , Hu Min , Yang Fan , Zhang Yizhuo , Ma Shuting , Zhang Dongqi , Wang Xu , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda Nancy , Wu Xiaoke , Brännström Mats , Shao Linus R , Billig Håkan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we show that during normal rat pregnancy, there is a gestational stage-dependent decrease in androgen receptor (AR) abundance in the gravid uterus and that this is correlated with the differential expression of endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes during early and mid-gestation. In contrast, exposure to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin (INS) or DHT alone significantly increased AR protein levels in the uterus in association with the aberrant expression of endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes, as well as disrupted implantation. Next, we assessed the functional relevance of the androgen-AR axis in the uterus for reproductive outcomes by treating normal pregnant rats and pregnant rats exposed to DHT and INS with the anti-androgen flutamide. We found that AR blockage using flutamide largely attenuated the DHT and INS-induced maternal endocrine, metabolic, and fertility impairments in pregnant rats in association with suppressed induction of uterine AR protein abundance and androgen-regulated response protein and normalized expression of several endometrial receptivity and decidualization genes. Further, blockade of AR normalized the expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker Nrf1 and the mitochondrial functional proteins Complexes I and II, VDAC, and PHB1. However, flutamide treatment did not rescue the compromised mitochondrial structure resulting from co-exposure to DHT and INS. These results demonstrate that functional AR protein is an important factor for gravid uterine function. Impairments in the uterine androgen-AR axis are accompanied by decreased endometrial receptivity, decidualization, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which might contribute to abnormal implantation in pregnant PCOS patients with compromised pregnancy outcomes and subfertility.
Predictive value of ACEF II score in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease undergoing one-stop hybrid coronary revascularization
Authors: Li Yanyan , Li Chuang , Feng Dejing , Zhang Qian , Li Kuibao , Liu Yu , Yang Xinchun , Wang Lefeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the predictive value of recently updated ACEF II score on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) undergoing one-stop hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR).Methods: Patients with MVCAD undergoing one-stop HCR were retrospectively recruited from March 2018 to September 2020. Several prediction risk models, including ACEF II score, were calculated for each patient. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate freedom from all-cause death and MACCE survival rates. Differences of prediction performance among risk scores for predicting MACCE were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: According to the ACEF II score, a total of 120 patients undergoing one-stop HCR were assigned to low-score group (80 cases) and high-score group (40 cases). During the median follow-up time of 18 months, the incidence of MACCE in the low-score group and high-score group were 8.8% and 37.5%, respectively (p < 0.001); and the mortality rate of the two were 2.5% and 12.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cumulative freedom from mortality (97.5% vs. 86.8%, p < 0.05) and MACCE (75.2% vs. 52.8%, p < 0.001) survival rates in the high-score group were significantly lower than in the low-score group. According to the Cox proportional hazards regression, the ACEF II score was an independent prognostic indicator for MACCE with hazards ratio (HR) 2.24, p = 0.003. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the areas under the curve (AUC) of MACCE from the ACEF II score was 0.740 (p < 0.001), while the AUC of MACCE from the SYNTAX score II CABG was 0.621 (p = 0.070) and the AUC from the EuroSCORE II was 0.703 (p < 0.001). Thus, the accurate predictive value of ACEF II score was similar to the EuroSCORE II but much higher than the SYNTAX score II CABG. Conclusion: The updated ACEF II score is a more convenient and validated prediction tool for MACCE in patients with MVCAD undergoing one-stop HCR comparing to other risk models.
Zoonotic Vaccinia Viruses Belonging to Different Genetic Clades Exhibit Immunomodulation Abilities That Are Proportional to Their Pathogenic Potential
Authors: Lourenço Karine Lima , Chinália Leandro Andrade , Henriques Lethícia Rodrigues , Rodrigues Rodrigo Araújo Lima , Fonseca Flávio Guimarães da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Vaccinia virus (VACV) isolates, Guarani P1 virus (GP1V) and Passatempo virus (PSTV), were isolated from zoonotic outbreaks in Brazil and belong to two different VACV clades, as defined by biological aspects that include virulence in mice and phylogenetic analysis. Considering that information about how vaccinia viruses from different groups elicit immune responses in animals is scarce, we investigated such responses in mice infected by GP1V (group 2) or PSTV (group 1) using VACV Western Reserve strain (WR) as control. MethodsThe severity of the infections was evaluated in BALB/c mice considering diverse clinical signs and defined scores, and the immune responses triggered by GP1V and PSTV infections were analysed by immune cell phenotyping and intra-cytoplasmic cytokines detection. ResultsInfected mice showed significant weight loss and developed spleen lesions as well as liver and lung damage. Mice infected with PSTV, however, developed only moderate clinical signs. We detected a reduction of total lymphocytes (CD3+), macrophages (CD14+) and NK cells (CD3-CD49+) in animals infected with VACV-WR or GP1V. VACV-WR was able to significantly downmodulate cell immune responses upon mice infection, and GP1V-infected animals also showed intense downmodulation in cell responses. Contrarily, PSTV presented little ability to downmodulate mice immune responses. ConclusionsOur results suggest that VACV immunomodulation in vivo is clade-related and is proportional to the strain virulence upon infection. Our data corroborate the classification of the different Brazilian VACV isolates in clades 1 and 2, taking into account not only phylogenetic criteria, but also clinical and immunological data.
Establishment of sex difference in circulating uric acid is associated with higher testosterone and lower sex hormone-binding globulin in adolescent boys
Authors: Wang Yutang , Charchar Fadi J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Men have higher circulating levels of uric acid than women. This sex difference is suspected to be a result of suppressive effects of estradiol on uric acid. If so, estradiol would be inversely associated with circulating uric acid. This study aimed to test this hypothesis. This cross-sectional study included 9 472 participants (weighted sample size of 184 342 210) aged 12–80 years from the 2013 to 2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations of sex hormones with uric acid were analyzed using weighted least squares regression, adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and comorbidities. Neither free nor bioavailable estradiol was inversely associated with circulating uric acid in males or females or adolescents or adults or females around menopausal age (47–56 years). Log-transformed free testosterone was positively associated with serum uric acid in adolescent boys (β = 0.250, P < 0.001), girls (β = 0.159, P < 0.001), adult women (β = 0.131, P < 0.001) and women around menopausal age (β = 0.143, P < 0.001) after adjustment for all tested confounders. The results from bioavailable testosterone were similar to those from free testosterone. In addition, log-transformed sex hormone-binding globulin was inversely associated with serum uric acid in males (β=- 0.171, P < 0.001) and females (β=-0.181, P < 0.001) after adjustment for all tested confounders and the inverse association remained in all sub-cohorts. Moreover, sex difference in circulating uric acid was established during adolescence and this establishment coincided with a dramatic increase in testosterone and a dramatic decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin in boys. These results suggest that estradiol is not inversely associated with circulating uric acid and the establishment of sex difference in circulating uric acid is associated with higher testosterone and lower sex hormone-binding globulin in adolescent boys.
A Risk-Predictive Model for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gu Yu , Ye Xianping , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Yu , Shen Kunlu , Zhong Jinjin , Chen Bilin , Su Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. These patients often have poor clinical outcomes. Early recognition of IPA in COPD is always challenging. We aimed to develop and validate a risk model using readily available clinical parameters to predict IPA for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study. AECOPD patients who were admitted to Jinling Hospital between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. 880 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into the training set (70%, n = 616) and validation set (30%, n = 264). A nomogram model was developed using multivariate logistic regression from training set. The discrimination and calibration of model were validated internally. Decision curve analyses assessed the clinical utility of the nomogram.Results: The incidence of IPA in hospitalized AECOPD patients was 9.6% in the training set (59 cases of IPA) and 9.1% in the validation set (24 cases of IPA), respectively. The nomogram model consisted of independent factors associated with IPA included lung function GOLD III-IV, utility of broad-spectrum antibiotic over 10 days in the last month, oral or intravenous corticosteroids (prednisone) over 265 mg in the last 3 months and serum albumin<30g/L. The model performed good discrimination and calibration in validation set (c-statistic, 0.79 [95%CI, 0.68-0.90]). The 95%CI region of calibration belt did not cross the 45-degree diagonal bisector line (P = 0.887). Conclusion: The simple risk predictive model for earlier recognition of IPA is useful in hospitalized AECOPD patients.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Liver Fibrosis and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke Population With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yang Lei , Gao Ke , Yao Xin-Ye , Tang Yong-lan , Yang Wan-Ying , Huang Xiao-Rui , Gao Ya-jie , Zheng Xiao-Pu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a confirmed risk factor for worse clinical outcomes of stroke, however the contribution of liver fibrosis to cardioembolic stroke (CES) and its short-term outcomes are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether liver fibrosis is associated with more severe stroke, worse short-term clinical outcomes of acute CES, due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), as well as the impact of sex on the association. Methods: Using data of 522 patients with NVAF admitted within 48 hours after acute symptom of CES onset. We calculated Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and defined liver fibrosis as: likely advanced fibrosis (FIB-4>3.25), indeterminate (FIB-4, 1.45-3.25), unlikely advanced fibrosis (FIB-4<1.45). We invested the impact of liver fibrosis degree on stroke severity on admission, major disability at discharge and all cause death at 90 days stratified by sex. Results: Among 522 acute CES patients with NVAF, the mean FIB-4 on admission reflected intermediate fibrosis, whereas liver enzymes were largely normal. After adjusting for possible confounders, multivariate analyses revealed that likely advanced liver fibrosis was associated with severe stroke (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.04-3.54), major disability at discharge (OR=4.59, 95% CI: 1.88-11.18), and 90-days mortality (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.56). Further grouped by sex, these associations were stronger in males but not significant in females.Conclusions: In patients with largely normal liver enzyme, likely advanced liver fibrosis is associated with severe stroke, major disability and all cause death after acute CES due to NVAF; the association unfolded more obvious in males, but not for females.
Urinary miR-93-5p as A Promising Biomarker for Early HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Guanlin , Zeng Yijun , Luo Yingmin , Guo Sheng , Bao Longyuan , Zhang Qiong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The mortality rate of early HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing annually due to sensitive and readily available diagnostic tools are lacking. This study aims to find such diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: MiR-93-5p was chosen as a candidate biomarker base on the analysis of relevant datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). It was subjected to validation using qPCR for the quantification of its expression levels in tissue, plasma and saliva sample sets. Results: miR-93-5p was found to be significantly upregulated in HBV-related HCC tissue. Notably, miR-93-5p in plasma and urine was also significantly increased in patients with early HBV-related HCC. The expression of miR-93-5p was significantly and positively correlated between any two kinds of samples (tissue vs. plasma; tissue vs. urine, plasma vs urine). Moreover, miR-93-5p in plasma and urine reduced significantly over one month after the surgery and returned to normal levels. Finally, ROC analysis showed both plasmatic and urinary miR-39-5p could detect early, advanced and total HBV-relative HCC cases with over 85% of sensitivities and over 93% of specificities.Conclusion: plasma and urine miR-93-5p show great promise as novel and potential biomarkers for early HBV-related HCC.
Early Warning Evaluation of Tuberculosis and Meteorological Factors in Shanxi Province Based on Dynamic Bayesian Network
Authors: Li Meichen , Zhang Zhuang , Ren Hao , Fan Yueling , Song Weimei , Fan Liyu , Quan Dichen , Gao Jianwei , Chen Limin , Qiu Lixia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is a major global public health problem. However, it is still in the exploratory stage that the study of the meteorological factors related to the incidence of tuberculosis in Shanxi Province. Therefore, it is very urgent to establish an early warning system that easily operate of tuberculosis. Method: The epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Shanxi Province were described, and the Dynamic Bayesian Network early warning model was established by time series cross-correlation analysis and Bayesian Network.Results: 1. The reported incidence of tuberculosis in Shanxi Province showed an overall downward trend from 2008 to 2017, showing a phenomenon of high in the middle and low at both ends each year, with certain seasonal characteristics. 2. Based on the results of cross-correlation analysis, it is reasonable to use dynamic Bayesian model fitting with meteorological factors lagging for 2 months; the monthly average temperature and monthly precipitation are positively correlated with the incidence of tuberculosis, but the monthly mean air pressure is negatively. 3. Comparison of classification and recognition performance of the three models shows that DBN has the highest classification accuracy in the two regions, which indicates that DBN is better than the other two models in reflecting the performance of minority classes, and better for the comprehensive classification of minority classes and majority classes. Conclusion: 1. Shanxi Province has tuberculosis clustering in time, space and time and space. Incidence peak is in spring and early summer. March is the highest month in the year. Seven meteorological factors such as monthly precipitation are the main factors affecting the incidence of tuberculosis in Shanxi Province. 2. The classification and recognition performance of the Dynamic Bayesian Network early warning model of tuberculosis-meteorological factors established in this study is significantly better than that of static Bayesian Network and support vector machine model, and can better predict the future.