bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers' experiences with advance care planning and goals of patient care medical treatment orders in residential aged care facilities: an explanatory descriptive study
Authors: Martin Ruth S. , Hayes Barbara J. , Hutchinson Anastasia , Yates Paul , Lim Wen Kwang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process by which people communicate their healthcare preferences and values, planning for a time when they are unable to voice them. Within residential aged care facilities (RACF), both the completion and the clarity of ACP documents are varied and, internationally, medical treatment orders have been used to address these issues.AimsIn this study, goals of patient care (GOPC) medical treatment orders were introduced alongside usual ACP in three RACF to improve healthcare decision‐making for residents. This study explored the experiences of RACF healthcare providers with ACP and GOPC medical treatment orders.MethodsThe study used an explanatory descriptive approach. Within three RACF where the GOPC medical treatment orders had been introduced, focus groups and interviews with healthcare providers were performed. The transcribed interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsHealthcare providers not only reported support for ACP and GOPC but also discussed many problematic issues. Analysis of the data identified four main themes: enablers, barriers, resident autonomy and advance documentation (ACP and GOPC).ConclusionHealthcare providers identified ACP and GOPC as positive tools for assisting with medical decision‐making for residents. Although barriers exist in completion and activation of plans, healthcare providers described them as progressing resident‐centred care. Willingness to follow ACP instructions was reported to be reduced by lack of trust by clinicians. Families were also reported to change their views from those documented in family‐completed ACP, attributed to poor understanding of their purpose. Participants reported that GOPC led to clearer documentation of residents' medical treatment plans rather than relying on ACP documents alone.
The effect of washing process on the cracking of ZrO2 microspheres by internal gelation
Authors: Xu Rui , Song Jing , Zhao Shijiao , Nie Lei , Deng Changsheng , Hao Shaochang , Zhao Xingyu , Liu Bing , Ma Jingtao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZrO2 microspheres are widely used as a simulant of UO2 in the development of nuclear fuel. However, the cracking of ZrO2 microspheres prepared by internal gelation is still a challenge during drying and sintering processes. To address this issue, we designed and optimized the washing process for obtaining crack‐free ZrO2 microspheres. Through thermogravimetric, infrared, Raman, BET, and SEM analysis, it is shown that the cracking of the microspheres is mainly related to the pores in microspheres. The washing solvent with low surface tension is used to reduce the effect of capillary force on pore shrinkage. Therefore, the optimal washing process was designed as trichloroethylene (TCE)—0.5 M NH3.H2O—Propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) and gel microspheres with a high specific surface area of 315.3 m2/g and pore volume of 0.4125 cm3/g were obtained. The characterizations also further showed that when the microspheres were dried and sintered, the water vapor and the decomposition gas of organic matter were completely released from the pores in the microspheres. Our new washing process could be directly extended for preparing crack‐free ceramic microspheres by internal gelation.
Associations between demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress, coping responses and adherence to COVID‐19 prevention measures among Chinese healthcare students
Authors: Tang Anson Chui Yan , Kwong Enid Wai‐yung , Chen Liangying , Cheng Winnie Lai Sheung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations between demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress, coping responses and adherence to COVID‐19 prevention measures in Chinese Healthcare students.DesignA cross‐sectional survey collecting data in Hong Kong and Fujian Province of China in April 2020.MethodsA convenience and snowball sample of 2706 students aged 18 years or older and studying a healthcare programme were recruited in tertiary education institutions/universities in Hong Kong and Putian. The participants completed the questionnaire with six scales: Social Distancing Scale; Personal Hygiene Scale; Empathic Responding Scale; Wishful Thinking Scale; Perceived Stress Scale and Perceived Threat Scale. Path analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the preventive measures outcomes. p value < .05 was considered as statistical significance.ResultsThe participants reported high compliances to both social distancing (SoD) and personal hygiene measures (PHM). Confidence to manage the current situation, wishful thinking and empathetic responding directly predicted compliance with SoD and PHM. The final model constructed demonstrated a very good fit to the data.ConclusionThe findings suggest that students who are male, habituate in Hong Kong, have more clinical experience and weak confidence to manage the threat tend to have lower compliance with the COVID‐19 preventive measures.ImpactThe predictive model constructed is the first one to explore factors associating with the compliance with infection control measures in healthcare students amid the COVID‐19 outbreak. As the infection control behaviours of healthcare students, whom are still under training and are the high‐risk group of being infected and infecting others in the community, are rarely reported in literature, this study has provided empirical evidence to nurses and other healthcare professionals to identify students susceptible to poor compliance and provide early monitoring and education to suppress the COVID‐19 transmission.
Human CPPED1 belongs to calcineurin‐like metallophosphoesterase superfamily and dephosphorylates PI3K‐AKT pathway component PAK4
Authors: Haapalainen Antti M. , Daddali Ravindra , Hallman Mikko , Rämet Mika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein kinases and phosphatases regulate cellular processes by reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. CPPED1 is a recently identified serine/threonine protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates AKT1 of the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway. We previously showed that CPPED1 levels are down‐regulated in the human placenta during spontaneous term birth. In this study, based on sequence comparisons, we propose that CPPED1 is a member of the class III phosphodiesterase (PDE) subfamily within the calcineurin‐like metallophosphoesterase (MPE) superfamily rather than a member of the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) or metal‐dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) protein families. We used a human proteome microarray to identify 36 proteins that putatively interact with CPPED1. Of these, GRB2, PAK4 and PIK3R2 are known to regulate the PI3K‐AKT pathway. We further confirmed CPPED1 interactions with PAK4 and PIK3R2 by coimmunoprecipitation analyses. We characterized the effect of CPPED1 on phosphorylation of PAK4 and PIK3R2 in vitro by mass spectrometry. CPPED1 dephosphorylated specific serine residues in PAK4, while phosphorylation levels in PIK3R2 remained unchanged. Our findings indicate that CPPED1 may regulate PI3K‐AKT pathway activity at multiple levels. Higher CPPED1 levels may inhibit PI3K‐AKT pathway maintaining pregnancy. Consequences of decreased CPPED1 expression during labour remain to be elucidated.
Commentary: Reply to ‘Transgender and mental health’ by Philip Graham
Authors: Potter Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

The letter to the editor from Philip Graham regarding the manuscript ‘Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study’ (Potter et al., 2021) raises several points that highlight the complexity of the conversation around gender development in youth. While there is an agreement between the original manuscript and much of the letter, some of the issues raised warrant further discussion and clarification.
Increasing trend in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Taiwan
Authors: Su Feng‐Lin , Lu Mei‐Chun , Yu Su‐Chen , Yang Chun‐Pai , Yang Cheng‐Chia , Tseng Shih‐Ting , Yan Yuan‐Horng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionMaternal hyperglycemia leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, and also subsequently affects both mothers and their offspring in later life. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is also believed to be increasing. More precise nationwide and up‐to‐date data on GDM are required.Materials and MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was carried out with the Birth Certificate Application database and linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database to explore trends in the annual crude prevalence of GDM in all women who gave birth between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 in Taiwan and their pregnancy outcomes. The registry is considered complete, reliable and accurate.ResultsA total of 2,468,793 births from 2,430,307 pregnancies were reported between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015. Finally, 2,053,305 pregnancies were included for further analysis. The annual prevalence of GDM increased by 1.8‐fold during the 12 years from 2004 to 2015, with a significant continuous increasing trend (from 7.6% to 13.4%, P < 0.001). The annual prevalence of GDM significantly increased in each age group (all trends P < 0.001), particularly for women with maternal ages of 31 years and older. Urbanization level, geographic risk factors and seasonal variations were also noted.ConclusionThe annual prevalence of GDM increased by 1.8‐fold in the 12‐year period from 2004 to 2015 in Taiwan, with a significant continuous increasing trend (from 7.6% to 13.4%, P < 0.001).
Digital scanning under rubber dam: An innovative method for making definitive impressions in fixed prosthodontics
Authors: Henarejos‐Domingo Víctor , Clavijo Victor , Blasi Álvaro , Madeira Sara , Roig Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive protocol for final impressions making under rubber dam isolation by using an intraoral scanner.Clinical considerationImpression making after tooth preparation with rubber dam isolation are impossible with conventional physical impressions, which are not with intraoral scanners. Digital technologies have disrupted dentistry in the last decades, bringing new, straightforward, and more time‐efficient protocols for dental practice.ConclusionsTaking in consideration the beneficial properties of scanning under rubber dam this protocol can be highly recommended for everyday use for making definitive intraoral scans for tooth‐supported restorations.Clinical significanceThe described protocol offers the possibility to make a final impression in a stress‐free environment, without blood or saliva, to obtain a better visualization and scanning of the finish line, and the potential of save time on definitive impression making.
Circadian rhythms driving a fast‐paced root clock implicate species‐specific regulation in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhou Anqi , Li Jing , Yang Mingkang , Bu Fan , Ge Liangfa , Chen Liang , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlants have a hierarchical circadian structure comprising multiple tissue‐specific oscillators that operate at different speeds and regulate the expression of distinct sets of genes in different organs. However, the identity of the genes differentially regulated by the circadian clock in different organs, such as roots, and how their oscillations create functional specialization remain unclear. Here, we profiled the diurnal and circadian landscapes of the shoots and roots of Medicago truncatula and identified the conserved regulatory sequences contributing to transcriptome oscillations in each organ. We found that the light‐dark cycles strongly affect the global transcriptome oscillation in roots, and many clock genes oscillate only in shoots. Moreover, many key genes involved in nitrogen fixation are regulated by circadian rhythms. Surprisingly, the root clock runs faster than the shoot clock, which is contrary to the hierarchical circadian structure showing a slow‐paced root clock in both detached and intact Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots. Our result provides important clues about the species‐specific circadian regulatory mechanism, which is often overlooked, and possibly coordinates the timing between shoots and roots independent of the current prevailing model.
Partisan Conflict, News, and Investors' Expectations
Authors: AZZIMONTI MARINA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI consider the role of news provided by the media as signals used by investors to learn about partisan conflict. Higher partisan conflict induces uncertainty (by increasing the probability of crises) and gridlock (making tax reforms less likely), both affecting investment returns. The true degree of political disagreement is unobservable to investors, who create expectations based on the observation of informative signals. Using a Bayesian learning model, I illustrate how these signals affect investment decisions. To the extent crises are severe enough, an increase in the partisan conflict reduces expected returns and induces lower investment.
Age and sex influence the activation‐dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major
Authors: Setlock Cheryl A. , Lulic‐Kuryllo Tea , Leonardis Joshua M. , Kulik Madison , Lipps David B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pectoralis major fiber regions contribute uniquely to the mobility and the stability of the shoulder complex. It is unknown how age and sex influence the stiffness of these regions during volitional contractions, but this knowledge is critical to inform clinical interventions targeting the pectoralis major. The aim of the present study was to determine if the activation‐dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major fiber regions differs between the sexes and if it is altered with age. Ultrasound shear wave elastography was used to acquire shear wave velocity from the clavicular and the sternocostal fiber regions of 48 healthy participants, including 24 younger (12 males, 12 females, mean ± SD age 25 ± 4.1 years) and 24 older adults (12 males, 12 females, 55 ± 3.6 years). Participants performed vertical adduction and horizontal flexion torques in neutral and 90° externally rotated shoulder positions, and one of the two shoulder abduction positions (60° and 90°) at varying torque magnitudes (passive, 15% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction). Separate linear mixed‐effects models were run for each fiber region and shoulder position to determine if the activation‐dependent stiffness differed between the sexes and was altered in older adults. Age‐related alterations in stiffness during volitional contractions were observed in both fiber regions and were dependent on the task. Alterations in activation‐dependent stiffness due to age were more pronounced in females than males. Additionally, females had greater stiffness than males during volitional contractions in both fiber regions. The present findings provide the first line of evidence that the activation‐dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major fiber regions is influenced by sex and changes with age.
Evaluating outcomes of pulsed dye laser therapy combined with intralesional triamcinolone injection after surgical removal of hypertrophic cesarean section scars
Authors: Kim Jee‐Woo , Huh Chang‐Hun , Na Jung‐Im , Hong Joon‐Seok , Yoon Park Jee , Shin Jung‐Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently, pulsed dye laser (PDL) combined with triamcinolone intralesional injection (TAILI) has been introduced for surgical scar prevention. However, little is known about this procedure's effectiveness in preventing hypertrophic scar following surgical scar removal.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the outcome of early intervention using PDL combined with TAILI after surgical removal of hypertrophic cesarean section (CS) scars.MethodsThe medical records of 35 patients who underwent early intervention using PDL and TAILI after removal of hypertrophic CS scars were retrospectively reviewed. The scars’ average Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores before scar removal and 3 months after the final treatment were compared.ResultsThe patients received 4.23 treatments on average and were followed up for a mean period of 7.74 months. The mean final VSS was 3.11 ± 1.52 and was significantly lower than that of the previous VSS (9.29 ± 1.74, p = 0.000). VSS of the previous CS scar, and the presence or absence of keloid formation in other areas, was associated with treatment outcome (p = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionsEarly intervention using PDL combined with TAILI could prevent the recurrence or progression of hypertrophic CS scarring after surgical scar removal.
Investigation of dopaminergic signalling in Meis homeobox 1 (Meis1) deficient mice as an animal model of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Cathiard Lucile , Fraulob Valerie , Lam Daniel D. , Torres Miguel , Winkelmann Juliane , Krężel Wojciech 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder in which sensorimotor symptoms lead to sleep disturbances with substantial impact on life quality. RLS is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and Meis homeobox 1 (MEIS1) was identified as the main genetic risk factor. The efficacy of dopaminergic agonists, including dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) agonists, for treating RLS led to the hypothesis of dopaminergic impairment. However, it remains unclear whether it is directly involved in the disease aetiology and what the role of MEIS1 is considering its developmental and postnatal expression in the striatum, a critical structure in motor control. We addressed the role of MEIS1 in striatal dopaminergic signalling in Meis1+/− mice, a valid animal model of RLS, and in Meis1Drd2−/− mice carrying a somatic null mutation of Meis1 in Drd2+ neurones. Motor behaviours, pharmacological exploration of DRD2 signalling, and quantitative analyses of DRD2+ and DRD1+ expressing neurones were investigated. Although Meis1+/− mice displayed an RLS‐like phenotype, including motor hyperactivity at the beginning of the rest phase, no reduction of dopaminoceptive neurones was observed in the striatum. Moreover, the null mutation of Meis1 in DRD2+ cells did not lead to RLS‐like symptoms and dysfunction of the DRD2 pathway. These data indicate that MEIS1 does not modulate DRD2‐dependent signalling in a cell‐autonomous manner. Thus, the efficiency of D2‐like agonists may reflect the involvement of other dopaminergic receptors or normalisation of motor circuit abnormalities downstream from defects caused by MEIS1 dysfunction.
Getting real about nominalism again: Special forum introduction
Authors: Datta Ronjon Paul , Hanemaayer Ariane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNominalism, while significantly affecting the history and development of modern western thought since the fourteenth century, has unfortunately been neglected in much recent social theory. In this article, we offer an introduction to this Special Forum on nominalism to help redress this circumstance. In addition to this introductory piece, the Forum consists of three articles respectively covering: questions of nominalism, relativism and universalism in relation to Enlightenment debates over China; tensions over nominalist and realist theoretical visualities in Durkheim and Weber; and a critique of nominalist sensibilities in the sociology of finance combined with the articulation of a novel sociologically realist alternative. Specifically, in this piece, we contextualize the emergence of nominalism, adumbrating how it affects a variety of metatheoretical judgments, especially concerning the nature of social reality and what can possibly be known about it. Michel Foucault’s nominalism and Ian Hacking’s conception of ‘dynamic nominalism’ are also discussed. Finally, it invites critical realists to consider how commitments to humanism might implicate them in nominalism.
An overview of current population genomics methods for the analysis of whole‐genome resequencing data in eukaryotes
Authors: Bourgeois Yann X. C. , Warren Ben H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCharacterizing the population history of a species and identifying loci underlying local adaptation is crucial in functional ecology, evolutionary biology, conservation and agronomy. The constant improvement of high‐throughput sequencing techniques has facilitated the production of whole genome data in a wide range of species. Population genomics now provides tools to better integrate selection into a historical framework, and take into account selection when reconstructing demographic history. However, this improvement has come with a profusion of analytical tools that can confuse and discourage users. Such confusion limits the amount of information effectively retrieved from complex genomic data sets, and impairs the diffusion of the most recent analytical tools into fields such as conservation biology. It may also lead to redundancy among methods. To address these isssues, we propose an overview of more than 100 state‐of‐the‐art methods that can deal with whole genome data. We summarize the strategies they use to infer demographic history and selection, and discuss some of their limitations. A website listing these methods is available at www.methodspopgen.com.
Playing with Information: The Israeli‐Palestinian Conflict in the Russian Press
Authors: Strovsky Dmitry , Schleifer Ron 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines how the modern Russian press covers the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict, both historically and currently. Since print media are some of the most popular sources of information in Russia, such analysis helps us understand the media's priorities in presenting the conflict to Russian society. The article focuses on the inherently manipulative, albeit hidden, essence and layout of this material, which increases the likelihood of information bias. While the quality of the reporting on this conflict demonstrates the proximity of contemporary Russian media to the interests of the country's ruling powers, it also provides opportunities for the government to influence its audience's comprehension of Middle East politics.
A working partnership: A review of shared decision‐making in nephrology
Authors: Amir Noa , McCarthy Hugh J. , Tong Allison 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease are required to make difficult decisions, negotiating between the risks, burdens and benefits for any proposed course. This process can be extremely challenging, since these decisions involve inherent risks, which can impact on survival and quality of life. Shared decision‐making offers a patient‐centred approach in partnering with patients to make decisions about their treatment, which reflect their values and preferences. Shared decision‐making can improve patient preparedness, motivation, satisfaction, and adherence to the treatment or decision agreed upon. In this review article, we outline the key principles of shared decision‐making, and provide a framework with communication strategies to facilitate shared decision‐making. We highlight the broad range and context of decisions faced by patients in several areas of nephrology care and discuss patient‐important outcomes, priorities and motivations that underpin their decision‐making. Preserving patient autonomy through shared decision‐making ensures close consideration of patient preferences to enhance satisfaction with the decision reached and optimize outcomes important to patients.