bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of health related to stay-at-home order adherence and social distancing attitudes among a diverse Deep South population
Authors: Lemacks Jennifer L. , Greer Tammy , Aras Sermin , Abbott Laurie , Willis Darlene , Gipson June , Elasri Mohamed O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
To describe COVID-19 related symptoms and medical care experienced in the first six months of the pandemic as well as stay-at-home order adherence, and attitudes related to COVID-19 risk and social distancing among a diverse sample of adults in the Deep South.

Methods
Survey data were collected from 411 Louisiana and Mississippi residents for three weeks in June 2020 through social media.

Results
Over half (52.5%) of participants who experienced COVID-19 related symptoms (with 41.5% experiencing at least one symptom) did not feel the severity of symptoms warranted seeking medical care. 91.6% of the Deep South adults visited certain places or did activities where visiting or gathering with other people was involved during stay-at-home mandates. Religiosity/spirituality, age, education, number of children in the home, attitudes related to COVID-19 risk of complications and social distancing were related to the greater/lesser likelihood of stay-at-home order adherence.

Conclusions
Various cultural and contextual factors were related to stay-at-home order adherence. Understanding how social values, life stage, socioeconomic, and geographic factors influence stay-at-home order adherence would lead to more effective policy design to improve population adherence.
Applicable safety analysis and biomechanical study of iliosacral triangular osteosynthesis
Authors: Zheng Jianxiong , Xiang Jie , Feng Xiaoreng , Liu Fei , Chen Keyu , Chen Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the applicable safety and biomechanical stability of iliosacral triangular osteosynthesis (ITO) through 3D modeling and finite element (FE) analysis.

Methods
Pelvic CT imaging data from 100 cases were imported into Mimics software for the construction of 3D pelvic models. The S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screws and S2 sacroiliac screws were placed in the S2 segment with optimal distribution and their compatibility rate on the S2 safe channel was observed and analyzed. In the FE model, the posterior pelvic ring was fixed with two transsacral screws (TTS), triangular osteosynthesis (TO) and ITO, respectively. Four different loading methods were implemented in sequence to simulate the force in standing, flexion, right bending, and left twisting, respectively. The relative displacement and change in relative displacement of the three fixing methods were recorded and analyzed.

Results
The theoretical compatibility rate of S2AI screw and S2 sacroiliac screw in S2 segment was 94%, of which 100% were in males and 88% in females. In the FE model, in terms of overall relative displacement, TTS group showed the smallest relative displacement, the ITO group showed the second smallest, and the TO group the largest relative displacement. The change in relative displacement of the TTS group displayed the smaller fluctuations in motion. The change in relative displacement of the TO group under right bending and left twisting displayed larger fluctuations, while the ITO group under flexion displayed larger fluctuations.

Conclusions
The simultaneous placement of S2AI screw and S2 sacroiliac screw in the S2 segment is theoretically safe. Although the biomechanical stability of ITO is slightly lower than TTS, it is better than TO, and can be used as a new method for the treatment of posterior pelvic ring injuries.
Providing lifestyle advice to women with PCOS: an overview of practical issues affecting success
Authors: Ee Carolyn , Pirotta Stephanie , Mousa Aya , Moran Lisa , Lim Siew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 13 % of women. Lifestyle interventions are first-line treatments, however attrition in women with PCOS is high. This review summarises current evidence on barriers to lifestyle management in PCOS and suggested strategies for overcoming these challenges, mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model.Physical capability for lifestyle changes may be impacted by altered gut hormone regulation and energy expenditure in PCOS. This may contribute to difficulties with weight management. The higher prevalence of eating disorders, disordered eating, fatigue and sleep disturbances are further barriers. Psychological capability may be reduced due psychological symptoms and lack of critical health literacy. Women with PCOS face similar challenges in terms of Opportunity to make lifestyle changes as other women of reproductive age. However, these are complicated by features more common in PCOS including body dissatisfaction. Motivation to adopt healthy lifestyles may be impacted by suboptimal risk perception and intrinsic motivation.To address these barriers, screening for and management of eating disorders, disordered eating, depression, and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea should be undertaken as per international evidence-based guidelines. A weight-neutral approach may be appropriate with disordered eating. Building capability among health professionals to better partner with women with PCOS on their management is essential in addressing health literacy gaps. Behavioural strategies that target risk perception and build intrinsic motivation should be utilised. More research is required to understand optimal self-management strategies, risk perception, energy homeostasis and overcoming attrition in women with PCOS.
The effect of concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation on palatal dimensions: a cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Shetty Shishir Ram , Al Bayatti Saad Wahby , Al-Rawi Natheer Hashim , Kamath Vinayak , Reddy Sesha , Narasimhan Sangeetha , Al Kawas Sausan , Madi Medhini , Achalli Sonika , Bhat Supriya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Nasal septal deviation (NSD) and concha bullosa (CB) are associated with airway obstruction in mouth breathers. Mouth breathing is associated with alterations in maxillary growth and palatal architecture. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of the presence of CB and NSD on the dimensions of the hard palate using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods
A retrospective study was conducted using CBCT scans of 200 study subjects. The study subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence of CB and NSD. Septal deviation angle (SDA), palatal interalveolar length (PIL), palatal depth (PD) and maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA) were measured in the study groups.

Results
The presence of NSD and CB was associated with significant (p < 0.001) differences in the palatal dimensions of the study subjects. The PIL and MPA (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), whereas the PD was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in study subjects with NSD and CB. There was no significant change in the palatal dimensions between the unilateral and bilateral types of CB. Among the palatal dimensions, the PIL had the most significant association (R2 = 0.53) with SDA and CB. There was a significant correlation between the palatal dimensions and SDA when CB was present along with NSD.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the presence of NSD and CB have a significant effect on the palatal dimensions and, therefore, they may be associated with skeletal malocclusion.
Chlorophyll fluorescence as a light signal enhances iron uptake by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under high-cell density conditions
Authors: Liu Xuehua , Xie Xiujun , Gao Shan , Wang Lepu , Zhou Lu , Liu Yao , Hu Qiang , Gu Wenhui , Wang Guangce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Diatoms usually dominate phytoplankton blooms in open oceans, exhibiting extremely high population densities. Although the iron uptake rate of diatoms largely determines the magnitude and longevity of diatom blooms, the underlying mechanisms regulating iron uptake remain unclear.

Results
The transcription of two iron uptake proteins, ISIP2a and ISIP1, in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was enhanced with increasing cell density, whereas the cellular iron content showed the opposite trend. When compared with the wild-type strain, knockdown of ISIP2a resulted in 43% decrease in cellular iron content, implying the involvement of ISIP2a in iron uptake under high-cell density conditions. Incubation of the diatom cells with sonicated cell lysate conditioned by different cell densities did not affect ISIP2a and ISIP1 expression, ruling out regulation via chemical cues. In contrast, ISIP2a and ISIP1 transcription were strongly induced by red light. Besides, chlorophyll fluorescence excited from the blue light was also positively correlated with population density. Subsequently, a “sandwich” illumination incubator was designed to filter out stray light and ensure that the inner layer cells only receive the emitted chlorophyll fluorescence from outer layers, and the results showed that the increase in outer cell density significantly elevated ISIP2a and ISIP1 transcription in inner layer cells. In situ evidence from Tara oceans also showed positively correlated between diatom ISIP transcripts and chlorophyll content.

Conclusions
This study shows that chlorophyll fluorescence derived from neighboring cells is able to upregulate ISIP2a and ISIP1 expression to facilitate iron assimilation under high-cell density. These results provide novel insights into biotic signal sensing in phytoplankton, which can help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of marine diatom blooms.
ROB-MEN: a tool to assess risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis
Authors: Chiocchia Virginia , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Higgins Julian P. T. , Page Matthew J. , Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Cipriani Andrea , Furukawa Toshi A. , Siontis George C. M. , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Selective outcome reporting and publication bias threaten the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and can affect clinical decision-making. A rigorous method to evaluate the impact of this bias on the results of network meta-analyses of interventions is lacking. We present a tool to assess the Risk Of Bias due to Missing Evidence in Network meta-analysis (ROB-MEN).

Methods
ROB-MEN first evaluates the risk of bias due to missing evidence for each of the possible pairwise comparison that can be made between the interventions in the network. This step considers possible bias due to the presence of studies with unavailable results (within-study assessment of bias) and the potential for unpublished studies (across-study assessment of bias). The second step combines the judgements about the risk of bias due to missing evidence in pairwise comparisons with (i) the contribution of direct comparisons to the network meta-analysis estimates, (ii) possible small-study effects evaluated by network meta-regression, and (iii) any bias from unobserved comparisons. Then, a level of “low risk”, “some concerns”, or “high risk” for the bias due to missing evidence is assigned to each estimate, which is our tool’s final output.

Results
We describe the methodology of ROB-MEN step-by-step using an illustrative example from a published NMA of non-diagnostic modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with low risk acute coronary syndrome. We also report a full application of the tool on a larger and more complex published network of 18 drugs from head-to-head studies for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder.

Conclusions
ROB-MEN is the first tool for evaluating the risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis and applies to networks of all sizes and geometry. The use of ROB-MEN is facilitated by an R Shiny web application that produces the Pairwise Comparisons and ROB-MEN Table and is incorporated in the reporting bias domain of the CINeMA framework and software.
Genomic medicine in the Middle East
Authors: Abou Tayoun Ahmad N. , Fakhro Khalid A. , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe discuss the current state of genomic medicine in Arab countries of the Middle East, a region with outsized contribution to Mendelian genetics due to inbreeding yet has poor representation in global variome datasets. We focus on genomic testing, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling services along with associated training and research programs. Finally, we highlight opportunities for improvement in genomic medicine services in this region.
Metabolic profiling of maize seeds with both insect- and herbicide-resistance genes (cry1Ab and epsps), dual herbicide-resistance genes (epsps and pat), and natural genotypic varieties
Authors: Liu Weixiao , Dong Mei , Meng Lixia , Wan Yusong , Jin Wujun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Widely targeted metabolomics was applied to estimate the differences in the metabolite profiles of maize seeds from 3 natural genotypic varieties and 4 genetically modified (GM) lines.

Results
Pairwise comparison with their isogenic controls revealed 71, 121, 43 and 95 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in GM maize seeds of C0030.2.4, C0030.3.5, C0010.1.1 and C0010.3.1, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that most of these DAMs participated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and purine metabolism in GM maize C0030.2.4 and C0030.3.5, but participated in tryptophan metabolism and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism in C0010.3.1 seeds and in metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in C0010.1.1 seeds. The data also showed that the differences in metabolite accumulation, both total DAMs and co-DAMs, among the different natural genotypic varieties (418 DAMs and 39 co-DAMs) were greater than those caused by genetic modification (330 DAMs and 3 co-DAMs).

Conclusions
None of the DAMs were identified as new or unintended, showing only changes in abundance in the studied maize seeds. The metabolite profile differences among the 3 non-GM lines were more notable than those among GM lines. Different genetic backgrounds affect metabolite profiling more than gene modification itself.

Graphic abstract
Diversity of plants and mammals as indicators of the effects of land management types in woodlands
Authors: Szymañski Carolina R. , Tabeni Solana , Alvarez Juan A. , Campos Claudia M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The ecological indicators are useful tools to determine the effects of human disturbances on woodland biodiversity. Nevertheless, ecological indicators not always responded in the same way to disturbances, and the responses can differ among taxa. In arid and semiarid woodlands, the use of deadwood associated with cattle raising can affect biodiversity and Nature’s contributions to people.

Methods
Our study aimed to assess changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of two assemblages, plants and mammals, in Prosopis woodlands under different land management types: grazed woodlands and a protected area. For plants, changes in structural diversity were also analyzed. Prosopis trees under different land management types were selected and their deadwood characteristics were registered. Through live traps and camera traps, we obtained data on the presence-absence of mammals per tree to estimate diversity indices. For plants, we measured the abundance of vegetation by species and by cover type through the Line-Intercept Method to estimated diversity. Finally, we built generalized linear models to assess the responses of diversity of each assemblage to covariables concerning deadwood and different land management types.

Results
We found that all diversity indeces for plants were either negatively affected by the presence of deadwood on the ground, or favored by its extraction. For mammals, removal of deadwood increased taxonomic diversity, while functional diversity increased with deadwood on the trees. Both structural diversity of plants and functional diversity of mammals were greater in grazed woodlands.

Conclusions
The sustainable use of woodland resources is essential for the activities of rural communities. Our study results indicated that land management of grazed woodlands promoted the structural diversity of plant assemblages and the functional diversity of mammals. The presence of deadwood negatively affected plant diversity but it increased mammal functional diversity. It is advisable to maintain trees that preserve their wooden structure within the managed areas to promote the functional diversity of mammals, while trees with extraction from standing wood will favor the functional diversity of the plant assemblage. Understanding the effects of human disturbances can contribute to management for the conservation of woodlands diversity and Nature’s contributions to people.
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products protects from ischemia- and reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Miyagawa Taro , Iwata Yasunori , Oshima Megumi , Ogura Hisayuki , Sato Koichi , Nakagawa Shiori , Yamamura Yuta , Kamikawa Yasutaka , Miyake Taito , Kitajima Shinji , Toyama Tadashi , Hara Akinori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Munesue Seiichi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The full-length receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE ligand of damage-associated molecular patterns that elicits inflammatory reactions. The shedded isoform of RAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), a splice variant, are soluble isoforms (sRAGE) that act as organ-protective decoys. However, the pathophysiologic roles of RAGE/sRAGE in acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. We found that AKI was more severe, with enhanced renal tubular damage, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis, in mice lacking both RAGE and sRAGE than in wild-type (WT) control mice. Using murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs), we demonstrated that hypoxia upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas RAGE and esRAGE expressions were paradoxically decreased. Moreover, the addition of recombinant sRAGE canceled hypoxia-induced inflammation and promoted cell viability in cultured TECs. sRAGE administration prevented renal tubular damage in models of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI and of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that sRAGE is a novel therapeutic option for AKI.
Terahertz analysis of a highly sensitive MIM-SRR-TiO2 nanostructure for bio-sensor applications with the FDTD method
Authors: Bitra Surendra Kumar , Sridhar M. , Santhosh Chella , Farmani Ali 
Published: November 2021

This work analyzes the transmission line characteristics of a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a square ring resonator (SRR) for dual band applications. The MIM-SRR-based bio-sensor using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) and titanium dioxide (

T
i
O

2

) as a precursor material are proposed and investigated in this paper. The MIM waveguide characteristics such as propagation length and effective refractive index have been obtained using the finite differential time domain (FDTD) solver of CST studio suite. The MIM-based SRR band-pass filter was designed and analyzed at 1300 nm (230.6 THz) and 1600 nm (187.37 THz) wavelengths. In this work, the bio-compatibility material

T
i
O

2

is used as an agent of bio-molecules detection, and APTES is used as a linker between silicon dioxide and

T
i
O

2

. The proposed MIM-SRR-

T
i
O

2

-based bio-sensor is operated at 1320 nm (227.115 THz) and 1630 nm (183.922 THz). The proposed MIM-SRR-APTES-

T
i
O

2

bio-sensor is operating at dual pass bands of 1415 nm (211.867 THz) and 1762 nm (170.143 THz). The proposed MIM-SRR-APTES-

T
i
O

2

has a

Q

-factor of 22.353 and 20.655 and a sensitivity of 571.02 and 877.86 nm/RIU at 1415 and 1762 nm, respectively. APTES and

T
i
O

2

are responsible for detecting cervical cancer, which is generally observed in woman. The scalability and multiplexing capability of semiconductor-based technology, silicon photonic ring resonators, are promising analytical tools for detecting various sensing applications. The overall size of the proposed bio-sensor is

1200

n
m

×

300

n
m

×

60

n
m

.
On-demand terahertz surface wave generation with microelectromechanical-system-based metasurface
Authors: Chen Chunxu , Kaj Kelson , Zhao Xiaoguang , Huang Yuwei , Averitt Richard D. , Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2021

During the past decade, metasurfaces have shown great potential to complement standard optics, providing novel pathways to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves utilizing arrays of subwavelength resonators. We present dynamic surface wave (SW) switching at terahertz frequencies utilizing a mechanically reconfigurable metasurface. Our metasurface is based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) consisting of an array of micro-cantilever structures, enabling dynamic tuning between a plane wave (PW) and a SW for normal incidence terahertz radiation. This is realized using line-by-line voltage control of the cantilever displacements to achieve full-span (

2
π

) phase control. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy agree with coupled mode theory, which was employed to design the metasurface device. A conversion efficiency of nearly 60% has been achieved upon switching between the PW and SW configurations. Moreover, a nearly 100 GHz working bandwidth is demonstrated. The MEMS-based control modality we demonstrate can be used for numerous applications, including but not limited to terahertz multifunctional metasurface devices for spatial light modulation, dynamic beam steering, focusing, and beam combining, which are crucial for future “beyond 5G” communication systems.