bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Harvey Mike , Kuma Peter , Hartery Sean , Saint-Macary Alexia , McGregor John , Schuddeboom Alex , von Hobe Marc , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Geddes Alex , Querel Richard , McDonald Adrian , Peltola Maija , Sellegri Karine , Silber Israel , Law Cliff S. , Flynn Connor J. , Marriner Andrew , Hill Thomas C. J. , DeMott Paul J. , Hume Carson C. , Plank Graeme , Graham Geoffrey , Parsons Simon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Due to its remote location and extreme weather conditions, atmospheric in situ
measurements are rare in the Southern Ocean. As a result, aerosol–cloud
interactions in this region are poorly understood and remain a major source of
uncertainty in climate models. This, in turn, contributes substantially to
persistent biases in climate model simulations such as the well-known positive
shortwave radiation bias at the surface, as well as biases in numerical
weather prediction models and reanalyses. It has been shown in previous
studies that in situ and ground-based remote sensing measurements across the
Southern Ocean are critical for complementing satellite data sets due to the
importance of boundary layer and low-level cloud processes. These processes
are poorly sampled by satellite-based measurements and are often obscured by
multiple overlying cloud layers. Satellite measurements also do not constrain
the aerosol–cloud processes very well with imprecise estimation of cloud
condensation nuclei. In this work, we present a comprehensive set of ship-based
aerosol and meteorological observations collected on the 6-week
Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystem and Environment voyage
(TAN1802) voyage of RV Tangaroa across the Southern Ocean, from Wellington, New Zealand, to
the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The voyage was carried out from 8 February to
21 March 2018. Many distinct, but contemporaneous, data sets were collected
throughout the voyage. The compiled data sets include measurements from a
range of instruments, such as (i) meteorological conditions at the sea surface
and profile measurements; (ii) the size and concentration of particles; (iii)
trace gases dissolved in the ocean surface such as dimethyl sulfide and
carbonyl sulfide; (iv) and remotely sensed observations of low clouds. Here,
we describe the voyage, the instruments, and data processing, and provide a brief
overview of some of the data products available. We encourage the scientific
community to use these measurements for further analysis and model evaluation
studies, in particular, for studies of Southern Ocean clouds, aerosol, and
their interaction. The data sets presented in this study are publicly
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4060237 (Kremser et al., 2020).
Legal Pluralism: An Adequate Instrument for the Recognition of Multiculturalism?
Authors: Giordano Christian 
Published: July 2021

According to the most authoritative experts, there are two principal types of legal pluralism, which can be identified as minimalist and maximalist. This is why legal anthropologist Norbert Rouland speaks of a weak version and a strong version. The weak version simply refers to the presence of different juridical mechanisms applied to identical circumstances within a given society. A further differentiation is that the weak version implies a plurality of legal solutions that may be applied within a legal system guaranteed by specific state provisions.
In order to define the strong version of legal pluralism we need to bear in mind that several concurrent legal orders, i.e., state law as well as extra-state systems, meet and clash within a given society. The various juridical orders may either converge or diverge, i.e., they may have normative similarities or differences.
Peacemaking Efforts among ASEAN Nations
Authors: Pitsuwan Surin 
Published: July 2021

Assalamu ‘Alaikum wr. wb.
Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.
Dear Professor Director, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am grateful for this opportunity to share with you some thoughts on the topic of the role of ASEAN nations in promoting peace and regional cooperation in Southeast Asia and the wider region of East Asia. I will be discussing concerns over non-interference, the situations in East Timor, Myanmar and Rohingyas, and also matters over Malacca Straits, and ASEAN’s relations with China, and South China Sea issues during my tenure of office as Secretary-General of ASEAN.
I have been appointed as a Visiting Professor of the University of Malaya since the middle of last year (2013), but have not been able to fulfil my obligations due to other pressing responsibilities and engagements around the world. This morning my wife asked me “how many people would make up the audience you will be speaking to today?” I said, “I don’t know.” She responded, “Usually your audience is around twenty thousand!” She was referring to the political campaigns. Pak Syed Hamid Albar here (former Foreign Minister of Malaysia) knows well what political campaigns and academic exercises of this nature have in common and what makes them different.
The Fiqh Al-Aqaliyyat (Jurisprudence of Minorities) in Light of the Higher Objectives (Maqasid) of Shariah
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim , Abdullah Ahmad Badri 
Published: July 2021

Muslim minorities living in the West face the challenges of a secular law and culture as well as issues of identity and citizenship that have taken a turn for the worse since the aftermath of 9/11. However, compared to Muslim minorities elsewhere, those living in the West enjoy greater freedom to practice their religion.
Some of the challenges they face are unprecedented and the rules of Islamic law concerning them have also remained relatively under-developed. This would explain the emergence of a new branch of Islamic jurisprudence under the rubric of the still developing fiqh al-aqaliyyat (jurisprudence of minorities) in recent decades.
Implementation of the Islamic Criminal Law in Malaysia: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Mohamad Tun Abdul Hamid 
Published: July 2021

First of all, I would like to correct a common mistake. Many people thought that Brunei has implemented hudud law. That is not correct. In fact, to this day, Brunei has yet to enforce that part of the Syari’ah Penal Code Order 2013 which contains hudud offences. Brunei has gazetted the law. The effective date has not been fixed yet. The most recent information I received from the Assistant Solicitor General of Brunei on 15th December, 2014 confirmed that the hudud law has not been enforced. In fact, the provisions of the Syari’ah Criminal Procedure Code necessary for the implementation are still under discussion. If we want to talk about criminal law and what is now called “Islamic criminal law”, in the Malaysian context, we have to start from the Federal Constitution.
The Islamic Financial Service Act 2013: An Overview and Appraisal
Authors: Yaacob Hakimah 
Published: July 2021

More than two decades after the enactment of the Islamic Banking Act 1983 and Takaful Act 1984, a new legal framework has been drawn up. The Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013) seeks to provide for the regulation and supervision of Islamic financial institutions, payment systems and other relevant entities. The Act came into force on 30 June 2013 and consolidated all laws related to Islamic banking and takaful into one Act. The Act contains 291 sections and is divided into 18 parts with 16 schedules. It covers inter alia the oversight of the Islamic money market and Islamic foreign exchange market to promote financial stability and compliance with Shariah.
Balancing Power and Love Towards Global Stability in the Muslim World
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Badri 
Published: July 2021

The Muslim Ummah is currently suffering from a deteriorating crisis namely the crisis of love and power. This is evident with the recent unfolding events of ruthless actions taken by some extremist groups who have recklessly portrayed Islam as a religion of hatred and violence. The extent of this was unprecedented with other political turmoils in middle-eastern countries which have given rise to calamities and great loss of life among citizens. Moreover, the rise of terrorism in the Muslim world now is the quintessential crime of those who feel powerless and thus seek to undermine the perceived power of a targeted group. These anecdotes exhibit the obsession of power among the Muslims along with the absence of love for fellow humans.
The Hijri and Gregorian Calendars: Comparison and Conversion
Authors: Mohammed Fushoosh Fadhl Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Two calendars are in regular use in the Muslim world: the Gregorian and the Hijri. The Gregorian calendar is named after the Roman Catholic pope, Pope Gregory XIII, while the Hijri is named after the migration (hijrah) of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from his homeplace, Makkah to the town of Madinah in 622 CE. Islamic rituals are directly based on the hijrah as the greatest historical landmark marking the beginning of the era for the spread of Islam and establishment of the new Muslim polity. Thus, for a Muslim the Hijri calendar is not merely a calendar but a matter of identity of which s/he should be proud. However, the Muslim experience of colonisation and the subsequent imposition of the Gregorian calendar have led to the marginalisation of the Hijri calendar. Consequently many events are not known by the Muslims by their Hijri date. Many do not know how to determine the equivalent Hijri date. The Gregorian calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory in 1582, and underwent many modifications whereas the Hijri calendar remained as it started.
The Indicatios of Wasatiyyah or Moderation in Islam
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: July 2021

I will begin by posing a question: Are there any indicators to tell us that Islam anchors itself in the middle path of moderation, to show, in other words, that wasatiyyah is the governing principle of Islam?
Islam’s advocacy of wasatiyyah is, first of all, known by the explicit affirmation of the Qur’an, when it designates the Muslim community as a community of the middle path (ummatan wasatan) (al-Baqarah, 2:143). This Qur’anic designation is espoused with a commitment for the Ummah to act as witnesses for truth and serve the cause of justice.
Towards the Harmonisation of Reason and Revelation in Education
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim 
Published: July 2021

With the emergence of empiricism, a perception developed that rationality and faith are ‘incompatible.’ According to this view, religion is based on faith rather than knowledge. Attachment to faith is fundamentally arbitrary and lacks a rational foundation. In education, the ‘separation’ of reason from faith produces either graduates with knowledge for the purpose of employment but little spiritual awareness or persons with religious beliefs that have few marketable skills. What is required is balanced education, where instruction in revealed knowledge is provided together with training in present-day knowledge. To facilitate holistic education, it is necessary to recognise that faith and present-day knowledge complement rather than exclude each other. Present-day knowledge is used primarily for the purpose of employment. Revealed knowledge is intended for the purpose of guidance. The two are complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
Islamic Perspectives on Human Nature: Ibn Ashur's Fitrah-Based Theory of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah
Authors: Wani Gowhar Quadir 
Published: July 2021

The concept of human nature is central to both Islamic and Western thought, as manifested in the rich legacy of literature on human psychology in both intellectual traditions. A comprehensive account of human nature (or fitrah) from an Islamic perspective, can be gleaned from the Qur'an, Prophetic narrations and works of Muslim scholars like al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and al-Razi. The famous Zaytuna Imam, Tahir Ibn Ashur (d.1973), in his book on the objectives of Islamic Law, Maqasid Shar’ah al-Islamiyyah, provides fitrah-based model for building human civilisation, thereby linking Islamic law to psychology. The present paper is a humble attempt to study the views of Ibn Ashur on human nature and to highlight the relevance of Islamic perspectives on the 'human being' with regards to civilisational development.
Toward Islamic Banking Without Tawarruq
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi 
Published: July 2021

Islamic financial products have evolved and developed remarkably from simple and straightforward structures to highly sophisticated and multifaceted instruments. During the 1980s and 1990s, Islamic financial products were dominated by deposits and savings, syndicated project financing, Shari’ah-compliant stocks and mutual funds. The last two decades have witnessed the unveiling of more complicated structures, including various sukuk models, derivatives, Islamic structured products, Islamic hedge funds, and others. Most, though not all, of these replicate conventional products, splicing together nominate contracts from the Islamic fiqh legacy with a few modern modifications to meet legal requirements and to become Shari’ah-compliant’.
Raymond Farrin – Structure and Quranic Interpretation: A Study of Symmetry and Coherence in Islam’s Holy text
Authors: Gada Muhammad Yaseen 
Published: July 2021

The coherence (nazm) and symmetry of the Quran have remained one of the most debated and discussed topics in the field of Quranic Studies; whether or not the Quranic surah or/and the whole Quran exhibit an organic unity has produced a plethora of books. The book under review seeks to refute the longstanding criticism of disjointedness in the Quran, aiming to illustrate how a better understanding of the Qurans structure will in turn help in our textual interpretation of it (p. xvi). The book draws mainly, among others, on Amin Ahsan Islahi (d. 1997) and Michel Cuypers. According to the former, each Quranic chapter is characterised by a degree of unity or a central theme, Amud, that runs through a whole Surah. The Quran is not therefore a random text, as some believe but one which exhibits a precise structural plan, with a majority of chapters occuring in pairs; one chapter forms a pair with its adjacent chapter; pairs form chapter groups, and finally the chapter groups form the Quran as an organic unity. Cuypers, on the other hand, believes that there is a degree of symmetry among a group of chapters arranged in a concentric order.
The Farewell Sermon of Prophet Muhammad: An Analytical Review
Authors: Farooq Mohammad Omar 
Published: July 2021

Historically, the Farewell Sermon (khutbah al-wida) of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)1 has occupied an important place in Islam. The sermon was delivered during the Farewell Hajj (pilgrimage), on 9 Dhu al-Hijja 10AH (6 March 632), at Mount Arafat. The sermon consisted of summarised exhortations reflecting some of the core teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. There are multiple versions of the sermon, with no single consolidated source being in existence. The sermon therefore seems to have been weaved from multiple sources over time. This brief essay examines the substance of the Farewell Sermon based on its various versions and presents an analysis to determine whether it should be more appropriately called the Farewell Message.
Equine/Human Lyme Embodiments
Authors: Gundermann Christian 
Published: July 2021

Lyme Disease continues to be a complex phenomenon, medically, culturally, epistemologically. Based on a theoretical framework steeped in feminist science studies and post-human onto-epistemologies, I suggest that conventional biomedicine has failed not only practically as far as helping patients suffering from Lyme and other "emergent diseases," but also conceptually as it applies the determinist monocausal infectious disease model to Lyme. Several recent essays on autoimmunity have developed tools based on both science studies and deconstruction that pinpoint the conceptual shortcoming of dominant immunology, which presumes a stable and antagonistic ontology of immune self and pathogenic other. The authors suggest to replace this ontology with an ecology of entangled becomings. My argument is developed by weaving together the human-centered Lyme conundrum with that of horses because Lyme seems better understood by veterinarians than human physicians. While I critically examine an important official study on equine borreliosis, conducted by Cornell University's Veterinary College, which is characterized by the typical reductionist and mechanistic approach, I nevertheless concede that it has yielded a better testing system than what is available in the human context. But ultimately, I end up making the case for an energy-medicine approach to healing rather than a biomedical "cure" through the case study of my horse Caspio, who suffers from the chronic stage of the illness, and whom I have rehabilitated over the course of nearly a decade. His etiology simultaneously blends into my own, as I move from self- to cross-species case history in this hybrid piece. Leaning on the notion of entangled ecologies developed in recent literature, which proposes to think of immune-system related illnesses as dynamic relations of becoming together, I conclude with the notion of balance —mental, immunological, and biomechanical— which I have striven to achieve with Caspio through acupuncture and the art of classical training: learning to live well with the embodiment of (at times debilitating) symptoms, rather than engaging in pharmacological warfare.
Will Curiosity® Kill the Cat?
Authors: Bunyak Garrett 
Published: July 2021

The control and eradication of free-living domestic cats due to perceived declines in bird populations is a major concern within the biological and ecological sciences, especially in Australasia. Consequently, human relationships with free living cats are entangled with deadly technoscientific discourses and practices. Deploying a posthumanist framework, this genealogy examines efforts to manage and destroy free-living cat populations with and through technoscience. Scientific recourse to constructs such as rationality and progress, grounded in Enlightenment philosophy, are shown to legitimize and enable scientific efforts to control and master “nature” and free-living cats. The consequences for non-human animals and indigenous peoples are discussed. Extending interdisciplinary work in science studies, the paper suggests the scientific accounts analyzed are haunted by legacies of colonialism, human exceptionalism, and a faith in science, technology, and progress. As a microcosm of broader trends, this case suggests a scientific enterprise geared towards controlling the “non-human world” may be more of a threat to global ecological processes than the very problems scientists are attempting to solve.
The reality of Sudanese press in the light of the transformation of digital media
Authors: Mohammed Mekki Dr.Mekki , Elbashir Osman Dr.Murtada 
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to explore the vision of academic experts and practitioners of Sudanese journalism profession, to obtain a thorough and scientific diagnosis of the changes in the paper press in the world. To determine its withstand and the possibility of competing with electronic media, relying on the descriptive survey methodology on the way to design a scale of five meter to measure trends, the research contained (16) items; The validity and reliability coefficients were applied, and the questionnaire was a major tool for collecting information from (100) study sample. The study found that political, economic and technological changes, in addition to the administrative and structural imbalance of the press, the increase in publishing costs, the weak financial capabilities, the decrease in advertising revenues, the continuous decline in sales and the general trend towards the internet are the reasons for the decline and suspension of some paper press in the world. The study recommended the need to respond to developments and changes in the global political, economic, social and technical and to keep pace with them. The environment should be created by enacting attractive legislation and providing governmental logistical support to the paper press and facilitating the distribution and advertising movement, and the Sudanese paper press should pay attention to and upgrade its staff in terms of providing career stability methods, and then open the fields of training and development for him to deal with the data and requirements of the digital age.
Form, Time, and the “First English Sonnet”
Authors: Sawyer Daniel 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The earliest known English poem rhyming ababcdcdefefgg appears within John Metham's 1448/9 romance Amoryus and Cleopes. Scholarship cannot, however, easily claim Metham's lyric as the first English sonnet: contrary to past suggestions, available historical and manuscript evidence indicates that he did not intentionally create a sonnet, but rather composed in the form accidentally. This inset lyric's rhyme scheme therefore represents, possibly uniquely in English, sonnet form without the sonnet tradition. Despite this isolation, however, attentive reading shows that the lyric achieves certain effects very like those produced by later English sonnets. The common features underpinning these effects even in a text not knowingly written as a sonnet might help criticism isolate factors that make up form's essence or quiddity.
Arabica coffee and cedar tree: integrating biotic and abiotic drivers
Authors: Pereira Luanna Fernandes , Matsumoto Sylvana Naomi , De Oliveira Ueliton Soares , Viana Anselmo Eloy Silveira , Teixeira Ednilson Carvalho 
Published: July 2021

Agroforestry systems are important forms of sustainable farming, providing several ecosystem services. However, characterization and management of factors such as thermal and light heterogeneity, as well as interactions between trees and coffee plants, are determinants for achieving the desired sustainability. This study aimed to verify whether different distances between Coffea arabica L. and Australian red cedar can change soil and microclimate characteristics and how they alter morphological and physiological attributes of coffee plants over the rainy season and a prolonged drought period (veranico) in Summer. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in an area with Australian red cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem), distributed in two hedges, spaced 19.8 × 3 m apart, in a northeastsouthwest direction, and coffee plants var. Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m). Treatments were defined by the distance between the coffee plants and the first row of the Australian red cedar hedge (3.3 m, T1; 6.6 m, T2; 9.9 m, T3; 13.2 m, T4; 16.4 m, T5). Morphology and physiology of coffee plants, soil temperature, incident light on coffee plants, and the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaf extracts were assessed in the wet and dry season of the 2016–2017 Summer. Temperatures fluctuated less in experimental units close to the hedge. The reduced growth of coffee plants close to the hedges was related to self-shading associated with light restriction by the trees. The experiment showed the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaves.