bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating insulin‐like growth factor 1 levels are reduced in very young children with Prader–Willi syndrome independent of anthropometric parameters and nutritional status
Authors: Koizumi Mikiko , Konishi Ayako , Etani Yuri , Ida Shinobu , Kawai Masanobu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveInsulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is used to evaluate growth hormone (GH) sufficiency and is decreased in children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Although IGF‐1 is negatively affected by body size and nutritional status, both of which are impaired in PWS children, these variables are typically not considered when assessing IGF‐1 levels in these subjects. Here, we compared IGF‐1 levels in PWS children to controls matched for age, sex, anthropometric parameters, and nutritional status.Design/Patients/MeasurementsThe retrospective analysis included genetically diagnosed PWS subjects (n = 65, median age; 14.0 months) and controls (n = 111, 14.3 months) matched for age, sex, anthropometric parameters (height‐standard deviation score [SDS], weight‐SDS, body mass index‐SDS), and serum albumin levels, a marker for nutritional status. IGF‐1 SDS was compared between PWS subjects and controls after adjustment for confounding variables. The GH provocation test was performed in 29 PWS subjects, and IGF‐1 SDS was compared between GH‐sufficient (n = 20) and GH‐deficient (n = 9) subjects. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was performed to investigate the association between age and IGF‐1 SDS. None had received GH or levothyroxine treatment.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding variables, IGF‐1 SDS was significantly lower in PWS subjects than controls (−1.56 vs. −1.01, p = .003), while it was not different between GH‐sufficient and GH‐deficient PWS subjects. Correlation analysis failed to show an association between age and IGF‐1 SDS both in control and PWS groups.ConclusionsIGF‐1 SDS is lower in very young children with PWS independent of anthropometric parameters and nutritional status, suggesting the presence of hypothalamic dysfunction of GH secretion.
1002. CISTANCHE DESERTICOLA: Orobanchaceae
Authors: Lei Di , Thorogood Chris J. , Tu Pengfei , Song Yuelin , Huang Linfang , Aldughayman Majed , Leon Christine J. , Hawkins Julie A. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryCistanche deserticola Ma is illustrated and described. This species is native to China where it has long been valued and used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is now cultivated extensively for trade. The species is confused easily with closely related species such as Cistanche salsa (C.A. Mey.) Beck. Bract and vascular bundle morphology, and habit, have been used traditionally to discriminate these taxa, which we discuss. Cistanche deserticola and its relatives may have significant global potential as ancillary crops that could be grown with shelter forests planted to halt land degradation.
1003. OROBANCHE RAPUM‐GENISTAE: Orobanchaceae
Authors: J. Thorogood Chris , J. Rumsey Fred 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe distribution, ecology and taxonomic history of Orobanche rapum‐genistae Thuill. are discussed with particular reference to the British Isles and elsewhere in Europe where the plant has retracted markedly within its former range. The variation present within the species is described and the typical form is illustrated. The outlook for this sharply declining species is considered in the broader context of parasitic plant ecology and conservation.
1006. ANTHORRHIZA ECHINELLA: An ant‐plant of the Rubiaceae
Authors: Campbell Laura C. E. , Huxley Camilla R. , Jebb Matthew , Thorogood Chris J. , Chomicki Guillaume 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe rare ant‐plantAnthorrhiza echinellaC.R.Huxley & Jebb from Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated. The outlook of the species and the importance ofex situconservation strategies for this and other ant‐plants are discussed in the context of botanic garden collections. Based on the plant's likely current distribution, we have assessed the species under the IUCN Red List as Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii).
Development of auditory cognition in 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children: Focus on musical and verbal short‐term memory
Authors: Ginzburg Jérémie , Moulin Annie , Fornoni Lesly , Talamini Francesca , Tillmann Barbara , Caclin Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDevelopmental aspects of auditory cognition were investigated in 5‐to‐10‐year‐old children (n = 100). Musical and verbal short‐term memory (STM) were assessed by means of delayed matching‐to‐sample tasks (DMST) (comparison of two four‐item sequences separated by a silent retention delay), with two levels of difficulty. For musical and verbal materials, children's performance increased from 5 years to about 7 years of age, then remained stable up to 10 years of age, with performance remaining inferior to performance of young adults. Children and adults performed better with verbal material than with musical material. To investigate auditory cognition beyond STM, we assessed speech‐in‐noise perception with a four‐alternative forced‐choice task with two conditions of phonological difficulty and two levels of cocktail‐party noise intensity. Partial correlations, factoring out the effect of age, showed a significant link between musical STM and speech‐in‐noise perception in the condition with increased noise intensity. Our findings reveal that auditory STM improves over development with a critical phase around 6–7 years of age, yet these abilities appear to be still immature at 10 years. Musical and verbal STM might in particular share procedural and serial order processes. Furthermore, musical STM and the ability to perceive relevant speech signals in cocktail‐party noise might rely on shared cognitive resources, possibly related to pitch encoding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that auditory STM is assessed with the same paradigm for musical and verbal material during childhood, providing perspectives regarding diagnosis and remediation in developmental learning disorders.
Cuticular hydrocarbon variation among Rhagoletis fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): implications for premating reproductive isolation and ecological speciation
Authors: Hood Glen Ray , Jennings Jackson H. , Bruzzese Daniel J. , Beehler Melanie , Schmitt Thomas , Feder Jeffrey L. , Etges William J. 
Published: November 2021

1. Fruit flies in the genus Rhagoletis are a model for ecological speciation via sympatric host plant shifting. Rhagoletis mate on or near the fruit of their respective host plants, generating premating reproductive isolation between taxa specialised on different hosts. However, non‐host‐related premating isolation has been observed between some Rhagoletis species associated with morphological differences in body colour and wing patterns.2. Here, the extent of epicuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) variation as a possible, additional determinant of mate choice in adults of six Rhagoletis taxa, including the apple and hawthorn‐infesting host races of R. pomonella is investigated.3. Gas‐chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry revealed 36 repeatable and quantifiable hydrocarbon components present on the epicuticles of all six fly taxa, comprised of at least 53 different CHC compounds, with chain lengths varying from 27 to 34 carbon atoms, consisting of n‐alkanes, mono‐, dimethyl‐, and trimethyl‐alkanes, alkenes, and alkadienes. There were significant differences in the relative proportions of CHCs between adult R. cingulata, R. cornivora, R. zephyria, R. mendax, and R. pomonella, as well as between the apple‐ and hawthorn‐infesting host races of R. pomonella. Furthermore, within the R. pomonella host races and R. mendax, significant CHC differences were observed between the sexes and across collecting sites.4. The results are consistent with variation in CHCs potentially contributing to observed patterns of premating isolation between Rhagoletis taxa, possibly due to combination of sexual and host‐related selection, which will necessitate further, in depth chemical analyses and future mating trials to substantiate.
Changes in wetland habitat use by waterbirds wintering in Czechia are related to diet and distribution changes
Authors: Musilová Zuzana , Musil Petr , Zouhar Jan , Šenkýřová Adéla , Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Nummi Petri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Understanding species habitat use and factors affecting changes in their distributions are necessary to promote the conservation of any biological community. We evaluated the changes in wetland use of the non‐breeding waterbird community. Based on long‐term citizen‐science data (1988–2020), we tested the hypotheses that wetland use is associated with species diet and potential range‐shift drivers (the tendency to occupy the same sites in consecutive years—site affinity—and the species' average temperature across its wintering range—species temperature index).

We analysed species‐specific wetland use of 25 species of waterbirds wintering in Czechia over a period of 33 years. The analyses explained variability in trends in numbers of the studied waterbird species across four inland wetland types: reservoirs; fishponds; industrial waters created by flooding of former mining sites; and running waters.

Trends in waterbird abundance positively correlated with species’ diet on fishponds, industrial and running waters. Among the diet groups, invertivores showed the largest increase in abundances on industrial waters, closely followed by herbivores. Herbivores showed the largest increase in abundances in fishponds, and piscivores did so in running waters. Regarding range‐shift drivers, species with higher site affinity showed higher abundances on running waters, while species with low species temperature index (i.e. wintering on average in sites with lower temperature) were more abundant on reservoirs. The abundance of both warm‐dwelling and species with low site affinity increased on fishponds and industrial waters.

Our findings suggest that the increased importance of the wetland types considered here for wintering waterbirds is likely to be linked to diet related changes in habitat use and changes in species distributions; and highlight that wintering waterbirds are expected to select sites with higher availability of food, higher energy content, and lower foraging cost.

Recent and rapid changes in species distributions may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of national and international conservation efforts. When planning conservation measures, it should be kept in mind that climate change does not only imply large‐scale north/north‐eastwards shifts of entire waterbird distributions, but can also modify the use of the habitats by waterbird species inside their traditional wintering range.
Integrative taxonomy–based discovery ofDussumieria modakandaisp. nov. from India
Authors: Singh Mahender , Teena Jayakumar Thazhathe K. , Kumar Thipramalai Thangappan A. , Murali Sanjeev , Mishra Akhilesh , Singh Achal , Lal Kuldeep K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study is based on integrative taxonomy and reports a new fish speciesDussumieria modakandaisp. nov. from India. The new species differs from three valid species within the genus by a combination of characters such as longer maxilla (9.1%–9.9% standard lengthvs. 8.7% inDussumieria elopsoides, 6.3%–8.5% inDussumieria acuta) and one or two rows of small conical teeth on palatine (vs. several rows inD.elopsoidesandDussumieria albulina). It also differs by the absence of longitudinal striae on the posterior side of body scales (vs. presence inD.acutaandD.albulina) and the absence of parasphenoid teeth (vs. presence inD.acuta). The maxilla length ofD.modakandaisp. nov. is greater than snout length, which distinguishes it from other congeners. The multivariate analysis of morphometric characters using PCA differentiated the new species fromD.elopsoidesandD.acutasamples collected in this study. The molecular analysis, based on cytochrome c oxidase I, distinguished the new species fromD.acuta,D.albulinaandD.elopsoideswith a high genetic distance of 13.73%, 12.22% and 12.74%, respectively. The maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic tree and automatic barcode gap discovery analysis showed the existence of six putative species inDussumieria. Even the exhaustive sub‐clade formation within species and high intra‐species genetic distance inD.acuta(1.59) andD.modakandai(1.95) indicate the possibility of a few more cryptic species. This warrants comprehensive sample collection across the distribution range and integrative taxonomic study of the genusDussumieria.
Does the use of a small‐size resectoscope during enucleation prevent transient urinary leakage and urethral stricture following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate?
Authors: Ibis Muhammed Arif , Tokatlı Zafer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the use of a small‐size resectoscope for enucleation during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) on the prevention of transient urinary leakage (TUL) and urethral stricture (US).MethodsOne hundred patients were included in a retrospective single‐center study from January 2019 to December 2020. The patients were divided into two groups according to the resectoscope size which was used for enucleation (22F in group A [n = 40] and 26F in group B [n = 60]). Patients were evaluated at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively for TUL and US. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were implemented to assess the variables which are associated with TUL at 4 weeks.ResultsBaseline characteristics and perioperative data were observed to be well balanced between groups. A statistically significant higher occurrence of TUL was detected at 4 weeks in group B compared to group A (P = .018). Higher improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) was observed in group A at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. On univariate analysis, resectoscope size, specimen weight, and body mass index were significant predictive factors for TUL at 4 weeks. Multivariate analysis illustrated that the resectoscope size was independently associated with TUL at 4 weeks after HoLEP (odds ratio = 3.1 [1.02‐9.38]). One patient in group A (2.5%) and two patients in group B (5%) demonstrated US (P = .648).ConclusionEnucleation with a 22F resectoscope provides better QoL and IPSS by reducing TUL rates in the early postoperative period.
Midwifery scale to support shared decision‐making for unplanned pregnancies: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ueno Yoko , Murakami Mari , Hattori Minoru , Fujimoto Saori , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMidwives significantly support women with unplanned pregnancies—promoting a shared perspective on the decision‐making process. This study aimed to develop a scale to support midwives to self‐assess their practice of this vital role. Following the derivation of scale items and pilot testing, the final version of the scale was administered to 531 midwives to establish internal consistency and construct criterion‐related validity. Through exploratory factor analysis, 35 items with a five‐factor structure were retained to form the midwifery practice self‐assessment scale to promote shared decision‐making in women with unplanned pregnancies. These factors illustrate midwives' general aptitude and competencies in understanding environmental factors, collaborating with significant others and the interprofessional group, forming rapport and problem sharing, focusing on consultation content, and promoting autonomous decision‐making. There were high and low scores on the scales after attendance of the workshops to support the decision‐making of women with unplanned pregnancies. The reliability analysis showed acceptable Cronbach's alpha values for the five factors, from 0.85 to 0.87. The scale was demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure that would help improve the quality of midwives' practice.
Interbrain emotional connection during music performances is driven by physical proximity and individual traits
Authors: Chabin Thibault , Gabriel Damien , Comte Alexandre , Haffen Emmanuel , Moulin Thierry , Pazart Lionel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow musical emotions and the pleasure derived from music, regardless of the musical valence, can be shared between individuals is a fascinating question, and investigating it can shed light on the function of musical reward. We carried out our investigations in a natural setting during an international competition for orchestra conductors. Participants (n = 15) used a dedicated smartphone app to report their subjective emotional experiences in real time while we recorded their cerebral activity using electroencephalography and their electrodermal activity. The overall behavioral real‐time behavioral ratings suggest a possible social influence on the reported and felt pleasure. The physically closer the participants, the more similar their reported pleasure. By calculating the interindividual cerebral coherence (n = 21 pairs), we showed that when people simultaneously reported either high or low pleasure, their cerebral activities were closer than for simultaneous neutral pleasure reports. Participants’ skin conductance levels were also more coupled when reporting higher emotional degrees simultaneously. More importantly, the participants who were physically closer had higher cerebral coherence, but only when they simultaneously reported a high level of pleasure. We propose that emotional contagion and/or emotional resonance mechanisms could explain why a form of “emotional connecting force” arises between people during shared appraisal situations.
Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome with minimal signs
Authors: Agud‐Dios Manuel , Ortiz Cabrera Nelmar Valentina , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Hernández‐Martín Angela , Colmenero Isabel , Happle Rudolf , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old girl presented with congenital patches of scalp alopecia, which on physical examination, was consistent with blaschkolinear alopecic patches with mild epidermal atrophy. Similar atrophic hypopigmented patches were seen on the trunk and proximal extremities. With the clinical suspicion of Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome, genetic testing was performed and revealed a mutation in the EBP gene. Despite characteristic cutaneous findings, no skeletal, ocular, or other anomalies were found on further evaluation.
Comparison of life‐history traits and oviposition preferences of Tuta absoluta for 12 common tomato varieties in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Mathieu W. , Dabire Rémy A. , Ahissou Besmer Régis , Bonzi Schémaëza , Somda Irénée , Nacro Souleymane , Martin Clément , Legrève Anne , Verheggen François J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an economically important insect pest of tomatoes. Since its discovery in Burkina Faso in 2016, the use of synthetic insecticides was favored, with many cases of treatment failure. To explore alternative control methods, we conducted a screening of the 12 main tomato varieties produced in the country to test two hypotheses: (i) Some tomato varieties are less likely to attract gravid females and be used as oviposition site; (ii) Some varieties are unsuitable host plants as they allow slower development and lead to higher mortality. The varieties tested include RomaVF, KanonF1, Cobra 26 F1, FBT1, FBT2, FBT3, RaissaF1, JampacktF1, Mongal, Rio Grande, Tropimech, and Petomech. T. absoluta fitness was largely impacted by the tomato variety, especially egg incubation time and larval and pupal stage durations. As a result, the total T. absoluta life cycle was slower on Cobra 26 F1 and Kanon F1 (24.6 ± 1.8 and 25.8 ± 3.3 days, respectively) and faster on FBT1 and Rio grande (22.6 ± 3.0 and 22.8 ± 2.6 days, respectively). None of the varieties impacted the adult lifespan. All varieties were accepted as hosts by gravid females during multiple‐choice oviposition assays. The number of eggs laid per female was statistically similar among the varieties. We conclude that two varieties, Kanon F1 and Cobra 26 F1, have better abilities to slow T. absoluta development, limiting the number of generations while increasing the probability that natural enemies find and kill their prey.
Epistemic feedback loops (or: how not to get evidence)
Authors: Hughes Nick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEpistemologists spend a great deal of time thinking about how we should respond to our evidence. They spend far less time thinking about the ways that evidence can be acquired in the first place. This is an oversight. Some ways of acquiring evidence are better than others. Many normative epistemologies struggle to accommodate this fact. In this article I develop one that can and does. I identify a phenomenon – epistemic feedback loops – in which evidence acquisition has gone awry, with the result that even beliefs based on the evidence are irrational. Examples include evidence acquired under the influence of confirmation bias and evidence acquired under the influence of cognitively penetrated experiences caused by implicit bias. I then develop a theoretical framework which enables us to understand why beliefs that are the outputs of epistemic feedback loops are irrational. Finally, I argue that many popular approaches to epistemic normativity may need to be abandoned on the grounds that they cannot comfortably explain feedback loops. The scope of this last claim is broad: it includes almost all contemporary theories of justified/rational belief and of the epistemology of cognitive penetration.
Skin moisture measurement on stripping and pasted water by a handy‐type electrostatic sensor
Authors: Kimoto Akira , Yonekawa Fumiaki , Kawasoe Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to develop a new device to evaluate and monitor the condition of human skin and make it possible to measure the skin in the diary because the current accuracy of water content measurement in the stratum corneum by capacitance and conductance measurement sensor that are used as the gold standard is insufficient.Materials and methodsThe electrostatic sensor is composed of a thin silicone gum sheet and a copper film. In the experiment, skin conditions on six positions such as the forearm, upper arm, and face of a test subject before and after tape stripping are measured by the electrostatic sensor and a commercial sensor. Skin conditions on the forearm of five subjects before and after pasted distilled water were measured by their sensors.ResultsThe voltages measured by the electrostatic sensor and moisture measured by a commercial sensor are increased with P < 0.01 before and after skin stripping. There were increases in the voltage and the moisture with P < 0.01 before and after pasted distilled water.ConclusionIt is suggested that it is possible to measure the moisture on the upper layer of the skin by the electrostatic sensor.