bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dropout associated with osteopathic manual treatment for chronic noncancerous pain in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rehman Yasir , Ferguson Hannah , Bozek Adelina , Blair Joshua , Allison Ashley , Johnston Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
Reviews exploring harm outcomes such as adverse effects (AE), all cause dropouts (ACD), dropouts due to inefficacy, and dropouts due to AE associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) or osteopathic manual therapy (OMTh) are scant.

Objectives
To explore the overall AE, ACD, dropouts due to inefficacy, and AE in chronic noncancerous pain (CNCP) patients receiving OMTh through a systematic review of previous literature.

Methods
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EMCare, and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Ostmed.Dr, as well as the bibliographical references of previous systematic reviews evaluating OMTh for pain severity, disability, quality of life, and return to work outcomes. Randomized controlled trials with CNCP patients 18 years or older with OMTh as an active or combination intervention and the presence of a control or combination group were eligible for inclusion. In this sub-study of a previous, larger systematic review, 11 studies (n=1,015) reported data that allowed the authors to perform meta-analyses on ACD and dropouts due to AE. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed with the Cochrane ROB tool and the quality of evidence was determined with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
The pooled analysis showed that ACD was not significantly different for visceral OMTh (vOMTh) vs. OMTh control (odds ratio [OR]=2.66 [95% confidence interval [[CI]], 0.28, 24.93]) or for OMTh vs. standard care (OR=1.26 [95% CI, 0.84, 1.89]; I2=0%). Single study analysis showed that OMTh results were nonsignificant in comparison with chemonucleolysis, gabapentin, and exercise. OMTh in combination with gabapentin (vs. gabapentin alone) and OMTh in combination with exercise (vs. exercise alone) showed nonsignificant ACD. Dropouts due to AE were not significantly different, but the results could not be pooled due to an insufficient number of studies.

Conclusions
Most articles did not explicitly report AEs, ACD rates, or dropouts due to AEs and inefficacy. The limited data available on dropouts showed that OMTh was well tolerated compared with control interventions, and that the ACD and dropouts due to AEs were not significantly different than comparators. Future trials should focus on explicit reporting of dropouts along with beneficial outcomes to provide a better understanding of OMTh efficacy.
Spring diet differs among age-sex classes in Atlas Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia lervia) in a fenced nature reserve, Morocco
Authors: Bachiri Hakim , Znari Mohammed , Ait Baamranne Moulay Abdeljalil , Aourir Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Atlas Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia lervia, are the only wild caprinid of Northwest Africa. Some studies have investigated their feeding ecology, but there is no information on intraspecific dietary variation. Therefore, we determined the spring diet and its variation between age-sex classes in Atlas Barbary sheep within a fenced nature reserve in the Western High Atlas mountain range, Morocco. We used faecal microhistological analysis to assess diet composition based on a reference epidermis catalogue. The habitat was a highly diversified open mixed forest with 61 identified species (55 genera; 24 families). The herbaceous layer was dominated by grasses, mainly Stipa capensis. Atlas Barbary sheep revealed to be opportunistic grazers, consuming 44 forage species; grasses and forbs constituted 87% of the overall diet. There were significant intraspecific dietary differences. Rams showed a more diverse (42 species) and distinct diet compared to those of ewes (22 species) and juveniles (lambs + yearlings) (only 10 species). All sex-age classes were mostly grazers, adults feeding on grasses and forbs in similar proportions, whereas juveniles feeding basically on grasses (more than 70% of their diet) and almost no forbs. Ewes and juveniles feed on browse at a higher proportion than rams do. Our findings would be useful for the restoration and management of the habitat and food resources within the reserve.
Discursive construction of the farmer-pastoralist conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The farmer-pastoralist conflict (FPC) in Nigeria has aggravated in recent years. It generated intense debate between 2015 and 2018 because of the aggravation of the conflict and the increased fatalities associated with it. This paper analyses the media representation of the conflict. Data were newspapers’ editorials and regular columnists’ stories and supplemented by government and independent bodies’ reports. Newspapers, as agents of popular culture, play a critical role in the propagation of various discourses of the conflict which seek interpellation and are also contested. This paper shows that the discourse is dichotomous and conflictive between ecological reasoning and ethnic-regional and religious imaginations.
On the Legality and Constitutionality of the Measures by which the Slovenian Government Restricted Constitutional Rights and Freedoms Before and After the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic: Part 1
Authors: Teršek Andraž , Dragan Jure , Pavlin Damijan , Nastran Barbara , Vražič Nastja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors analyse the constitutionality of the Ordinance and the constitutionality of restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms imposed by the Slovenian Government. They systematically and consistently present arguments on the unlawfulness and unconstitutionality of the Ordinance and the constitutional nature of restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms by the Government (part 1). The decision of the Slovenian Constitutional Court on the legality and constitutionality of measures is critically commented. In the following one of the authors presents analysis and arguments regarding the new ordinances and measures taken by the Slovenian Government after the official end of the pandemic (part 2).
Human Touch Receptors Are Sensitive to Spatial Details on the Scale of Single Fingerprint Ridges
Authors: Jarocka Ewa , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Johansson Roland S. 
Published: March 2021

Fast-adapting type 1 (FA-1) and slowly-adapting type 1 (SA-1) first-order tactile neurons provide detailed spatiotemporal tactile information when we touch objects with fingertips. The distal axon of these neuron types branches in the skin and innervates many receptor organs associated with fingerprint ridges (Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes, respectively), resulting in heterogeneous receptive fields whose sensitivity topography includes many highly sensitive zones or “subfields.” In experiments on humans of both sexes, using raised dots that tangentially scanned the receptive field we examined the spatial acuity of the subfields of FA-1 and SA-1 neurons and its constancy across scanning speed and direction. We report that the sensitivity of the subfield arrangement for both neuron types on average corresponds to a spatial period of ∼0.4 mm and provide evidence that a subfield's spatial selectivity arises because its associated receptor organ measures mechanical events limited to a single papillary ridge. Accordingly, the sensitivity topography of a neuron's receptive fields is quite stable over repeated mappings and over scanning speeds representative of real-world hand use. The sensitivity topography is substantially conserved also for different scanning directions, but the subfields can be relatively displaced by direction-dependent shear deformations of the skin surface.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe branching of the distal axon of human first-order tactile neurons with receptor organs associated with fingerprint ridges (Meissner and Merkel end-organs) results in cutaneous receptive fields composed of several distinct subfields spread across multiple ridges. We show that the subfields' spatial selectivity typically corresponds to the dimension of the ridges (∼0.4 mm) and a neuron's subfield layout is well preserved across tangential movement speeds and directions representative of natural use of the fingertips. We submit that the receptor organs underlying subfields essentially measure mechanical events at individual ridges. That neurons receive convergent input from multiple subfields does not preclude the possibility that spatial details can be resolved on the scale of single fingerprint ridges by a population code.
The Golden Rain of Pushyk’s Poems
Authors: Slonovska Olha 
Published: March 2021

Pushyk S. Ya dlia Vkrainy Zhyv: u 2 t.
[For Ukraine I lived: in 2 vols.]
/ Olha Slonovska, editor and author of foreword
“Zolotyi Doshch Pusykovykh Poezii”
[The Golden Rain of Pushyk’s Poems].
Misto-NV, Ivano-Frankivsk, 2019.
Boundaries of word-formation. New reflections on old things
Authors: Smetona Antanas 
Published: March 2021

The attitude that word-formation fully coincides with derivation has been well established in the Lithuanian linguistics. The means of formation that fall outside derivation are regarded as peripheries of derivation that are not worth a considerable attention, although formal features of derivation are obvious (skruzdėlė cf. skruzdė), or absolutely fruitless prescriptive discussions about some kind of mistakes (profsąjunga cf. vyrgydytojas) are generated. In addition, composition is attributed to derivation, even when it is not clear where word-formation formant is and how to identify the meaning of forming a compound (nelaižytveršis: nelaižytas veršis). The article puts forward a solution to the discussed problems, which embraces all the formation in the Lithuanian language (not only derivation) and deals with the problems of derivation mentioned here.Seeking to address the problems raised, it is necessary to evaluate the role of language economy in the word-formation and, based on this evaluation, to expand perception of the importance of word-formation. Word-formation embraces not only derivation, but also all other ways of formation that go beyond the boundaries of morphemes. However auxiliary, insignificant or peripheral they may seem, they are a part of an integral word-formation system. All the attributes of this word-formation phenomenon, such as opposition, foundation and formant, synchronically apply to the whole word-formation. For this reason, the boundaries of derivation should be expanded. The most significant question here refers to semantic measuring and the volume of the formation meaning. Taking into account the fact that the main and fully comprehensive function of word-formation is not about increasing the number of words, but rather about rationalisation of their emergence, i.e. language economy, and also assuming that all the aspects of formation meaning (lexical, grammatical as well as economy) overlap and only one of them prevails, the general scheme of formation meaning (not only the derivational meaning) can be presented more or less as follows:Meaning of economy (profsąjunga, mikriukas, epaštas, JT, sodra, nelaižytveršis, eras, skruzdė) economizing means of linguistic expression.Grammatical meaning (gerumas, ėjimas, begalvis, palangė, stiklinė) change in grammatical content economizing means of linguistic expression. Lexical meaning (žiūrovas, namelis, įlanka, snūduriuoti, rugiagėlė, nueiti) change in lexical content economizing means of linguistic expression and changing grammatical content if necessary.Such explanation of the general meaning of formation and inclusion of language economy expands the understanding of formation beyond the boundaries of derivation and allows referring to a new concept of the word-formation system.
On adverbial clauses in spoken Lithuanian
Authors: Jasionytė-Mikučionienė Erika 
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is to investigate adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession in spontaneous private communication. The study explores semantic relations between the main and subordinate clauses, grammatical features and predominant conjunctions.The data for the research was collected from the morphologically annotated Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, namely, its sub-corpus of spontaneous private speech which is used at home, at friends’ place, or which is produced by close friends.The analysis of spontaneous private communication shows that the finite adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession are related to a set of conjunctions, but other indicators such as the use of verbal categories (especially tense, aspect and mood), contextual lexical markers as well as pragmatic inference also help to determine the semantic relationship between the main and the subordinate clause.In a spoken language, temporal clauses are usually combined with the conjunctions kai, kaip ‘when’, kol ‘while’, less frequently – with kada ‘when’; causal clauses are combined with the conjunction nes ‘because; since’, less frequently – with kad and kadangi ‘because’; conditional clauses are typically combined with the conjunction jeigu ‘if’, less frequently – with jei ‘if’, concessive clauses – with the conjunction nors ‘though’. The conjunctions kai ‘when’, kol ‘while’, kadangi ‘because’, jeigu and jei ‘if’ correlate with the particle tai that is very frequent in a spoken language, while the conjunction nors ‘though’ – with the contrastive conjunction bet ‘but’.In the natural language flow, the structure of adverbial sentences is modified: other sentential and discourse units can intervene between the main and the subordinate clauses, and the adverbial conjunction moves from the initial to the medial position.Traditional Lithuanian grammars emphasise that the position of adverbial clauses is undefined: they can appear before or after the main clause. However, the analysis of spontaneous speech shows that the position of a subordinate clause is influenced by the semantic relationship between the clauses. If a subordinate clause refers to a previous action or event, then it dominates in a preposition. Besides, the position of an adverbial clause is also influenced by correlative conjunctions: the main clause with the correlative particle tai dominates in the postposition.The research also revealed that Lithuanian adverbial clauses could function at the discourse level: in dialogues, the structure of a complex sentence is broken down and subordinate adverbial clauses can acquire additional – discourse – functions. Adverbial conjunctions, in their turn, can indicate relations with a previous discourse.
Derivation of verbs attested in the old Lithuanian scripts: infixed and sta-stem anticausatives
Authors: Pakalniškienė Dalia 
Published: March 2021

The article presents the analysis of infixed and sta-stem verbs opposed to ia-stem verbs attested in the old Lithuanian scripts, investigating the opposition causative/anticausative. The research has shown that this morphosemantic opposition was amply testified in the earliest Lithuanian written sources – 59 correlations of this type were recorded in total. More than 50 percent of the equivalents of the oppositions attested exist in the Latvian language as well. This suggests that the causative/anticausative formation belongs to the Eastern Baltic period, and has been crucial to the productivity of the class of infixed and sta-stem verbs. Although not so abundant, the correspondences of the oppositions found in the Slavic and Germanic languages presuppose an even earlier chronology of decausation. The regularity of the semantics and formal structure of the oppositions allow the relations of the opposites to be treated as derivative. This is particularly true in the case of the abundant reflexes of “complex-root” oppositions such as CeRC/CiRC. The abundance of non-present and prefixed forms of the analysed verbs testifies to the specificity of this flexional class in terms of actionality: inchoative, completive, limitative or punctual meaning realised by corresponding prefixes was important for the development of the morphosemantic uniformity of decausatives and has inspired new patterns of word formation, the durative/terminative opposition and the derivation of the denominatives in particular. The study of the causative/anticausative verbal opposition in the old Lithuanian scripts is significant for the history of Lithuanian infixed and sta-stem verbs and for a typological linguistic research.
Orthography of books and their authors at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Venckienė Jurgita 
Published: March 2021

During development of the Standard Lithuanian language at the end of the 19th century, the dialectal basis was chosen first, and the orthography varied yet for another twenty years. This article analyses the dual orthography – of books and personal orthography of their authors. The study is designed to find out whether the books published during that period reflect the orthographic model chosen by their authors; what factors, in addition to the author’s choice, may have influenced the orthography of the books.The influence of printers on the orthography of books during that period was smaller than before, as many authors did the proofreading themselves. Thus, printers were able to change the orthography in cases where books were printed without the author’s knowledge or consent, such as prayer books. If the author chose unusual, rare, or even self-invented characters, a limited inventory of prints could be a serious obstacle to keep their orthography in the book. As the case of Jonas Basanavičius shows, even when the author offered to finance the acquisition of the necessary prints, this was not necessarily done.At the end of the 19th century, books were published as supplements to periodicals. The editors of newspapers Ūkininkas and Tėvynės sargas adapted the orthography of such books to their periodicals. Under the terms of the press ban, it was often important for authors just to print a book, and the spelling model was chosen by the publisher. However, authors such as Basanavičius, who considered themselves the creators of the standard language, took care to present their chosen or created model of orthography in their books as well.As the cases of Liudvika Didžiulienė, Dominykas Tumėnas and Basanavičius show, two orthographic standards emerged during the research period: correspondence was written one way and books were printed another. Hence, it is not always possible to judge the orthographic model chosen by the authors in books published at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
Exposure to Suicidal Behavior and Social Support Among Sexual- and Gender-Minority Youth
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Banyard Victoria , Goodman Kimberly L. , Strøm Ida F. , Ybarra Michele L. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examine reports of exposure to suicidal behavior by youth sexual and gender identity. We explore how exposure is related to depressed mood in the context of high social support while accounting for cumulative adversity.METHODS:Data from a large national sample of youth aged 14 to 15 years in the United States (N = 3979) were collected online in 2018–2019.RESULTS:Sexual- and gender-minority youth were more likely to know someone close to them who attempted suicide, relative to cisgender heterosexual youth. Cisgender heterosexual youth were buffered from recent depressed mood when they endorsed having high social support in the context of exposure to suicidal behavior; less social support did not provide such a buffer. For cisgender sexual-minority male and female youth, exposure to suicidal behavior was related to recent depressed mood regardless of the level of social support. For gender-minority youth assigned female at birth, the combination of exposure and high social support was significantly associated with elevated depressed mood. Cumulative adversity accounted for some but not all of these relationships, indicating the influential role of exposure to suicidal behavior on depressed mood for some youth.CONCLUSIONS:These findings illustrate the complexities of social support and raise questions about its potential to magnify stress rather than serve as a buffer for some youth. Although findings need to be replicated, suicide prevention efforts should carefully consider how to promote resilience among these suicide-exposed sexual- and gender-minority youth who may themselves be at risk for suicidal ideation and behavior.
Demandas al sector salud ante las manifestaciones del cambio climático en Jalisco
Authors: Garibay-Chávez M. G. , Curiel-Ballesteros A. 
Published: March 2021

El cambio climático representa peligros para la salud de las personas que requieren determinarse y reconocerse en Jalisco. El objetivo fue formular un diagnóstico de la vulnerabilidad en salud frente al cambio climático en el estado de Jalisco, a partir de una perspectiva de riesgo como base para el diseño e implementación de medidas de adaptación en salud ante manifestaciones actuales y futuras tomando como metodología las referidas a un estudio epidemiológico ecológico vinculado a la evaluación de riesgo atribuible con análisis de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de registros históricos meteorológicos y de salud. Se evidencia que la mayor demanda en salud ante el cambio climático es por incremento de la mortalidad general, aumento de muertes por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, infecciones intestinales y las relacionadas a vectores, todas ellas favorecidas por el incremento de temperaturas, humedad, lluvias intensas e inundaciones, intensificadas por las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de la población. Los asentamientos humanos urbanos de Jalisco que presentan una mayor vulnerabilidad por características de la población, rezagos en servicios básicos a la vivienda, educación y salud, y condiciones de marginación y pobreza son las que habitan los municipios de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Tonalá y Tlaquepaque.
Analysis of surgical strategies for children with epileptic spasms
Authors: Liu Yiou , Zhou Wenjing , Hong Bo , Wang Haixiang , Lin Jiuluan , Sun Zhaohui , Wang Siyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective: To investigate surgical prognostic factors in order to establish a surgical plan for children with drug‐resistant epileptic spasms.Methods: We retrospectively analysed 64 children with drug‐resistant spasms who were operated on in Beijing; the electroclinical features, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes of these children were discussed in detail. We divided the seizure‐free patients into several groups according to imaging, aetiology, and application of stereo‐electroencephalography in order to investigate the extent of the various influencing factors.Results: Fifty‐three (82.8%) patients had favourable outcome, and 11 (17.2%) had unfavourable outcome. Based on the univariate analysis, the factors associated with favourable seizure outcome were interictal high γ frequency (χ 2 = 4.161; p = 0.041), concordance between MRI and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) (χ 2 = 6.148; p =0.013), and concordance between PET and IEDs (χ 2 = 4.281; p = 0.039). Concordance between MRI and IEDs (OR = 0.083, 95% CI = 0.014–0.483; p = 0.006) and continuous discharges on electrocorticography (OR = 0.109, 95% CI = 0.019–0.639; p = 0.014) were important factors associated with a favourable surgical outcome.Significance: Resective surgery is an effective treatment for drug‐resistant ES in children. A deeper understanding of the predictors of seizure outcome is beneficial for establishing a standard, one‐stage resection procedure for spasms in order to benefit more patients who have not previously considered surgery. We propose a workflow for presurgical evaluation in children with epileptic spasms.