bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career or environmental crusade? – Irfan’s dilemma
Authors: Sulong Farizah , Dent Michael M. , Mohd Alwi Norhayati , Sulaiman Maliah 
Published: November 2021

Subject area
Integrated Case Study, Advanced Management Accounting, Environmental Management Accounting (EMA), Human Resource Management.

Study level/applicability
This case is designed for undergraduate students in accounting, business or human resource management programmes.

Case overview
The case is about Irfan, a former Production Manager in Omicron, a small and medium-sized enterprise in Selangor, Malaysia, manufacturing automotive metal parts. Irfan is truly enthusiastic for environmental and cost-reduction tools and wishes to pursue it further to his best possible. The case presents Irfan facing the dilemma of how to align his passion for these tools to his future career choice. He is faced with three options – to remain in Omicron, to accept a job offer in another company or to establish his own consultancy firm. The case highlights the heavy involvement of Irfan in the implementation of a new environmental tool, Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) in Omicron, and all the tasks, activities, benefits and challenges encountered. Being at the ground with the implementation and outputs achieved, Irfan is excited about MFCA and wants to continue with it, due to the rich and valuable experience gained from its implementation and its potential for future savings. However, he does not seem to observe a similar excitement among the higher management. The case details an example of the implementation of MFCA for one of Omicron’s products and other relevant information that could serve as a guidance to any future implementation either in Omicron, the new company or even his own company. The case also provides details about Omicron and how Irfan regard Omicron as his second family to hint a strong pulling factor for Irfan to remain in Omicron, hence providing the extra weight on the dilemma he faces.

Expected learning outcomes
In the process of assessing a career choice dilemma for a middle-level manager, students are expected to analyse the three career options available to this middle manager, whose dilemma also relates to his passion of pursuing environment-related and cost-reduction tools. Where the environment is concerned, some parties need extra persuasion to pursue it and this also triggers the middle-manager’s dilemma. This case is intended to provide a tool to enable students to review and discuss matters, such as overcoming obstacles of pursuing environmental-related initiatives and progressing a mid-life career that provides self-fulfilment financially, emotionally and mentally. Among the theories and concepts referred include diffusion of innovations theory, EMA concepts and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
From theory to practice: Value congruence in performance measures in U.S. federal agencies
Authors: Hwang Eunjin , Brewer Gene A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the performance measurement of four different values (efficiency, service quality, customer service satisfaction, and social equity). This study also distinguishes between the values emphasized at the three stages of the policy process model: process, output, and outcome. The prevalence of each value is compared across time and at various stages of the policy process at the agency level. By tracking trends of values in performance measures across years based on different stages of the policy process, this study found that value congruence exists across years at the agency level. This study finally provides practical implications.
Assessing candidate DNA barcodes for Chinese and internationally traded timber species
Authors: Hu Jian‐Lin , Ci Xiu‐Qin , Liu Zhi‐Fang , Dormontt Eleanor E. , Conran John G. , Lowe Andrew J. , Li Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate identification of species from timber is an essential step to help control illegal logging and forest loss. However, current approaches to timber identification based on morphological and anatomical characteristics have limited species resolution. DNA barcoding is a proven tool for plant species identification, but there is a need to build reliable reference data across broad taxonomic and spatial scales. Here, we construct a species barcoding library consisting of 1550 taxonomically diverse timber species from 656 genera and 124 families, representing a comprehensive genetic reference data set for Chinese timber species and international commercial traded timber species, using four barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH–psbA, and ITS2). The ITS2 fragment was found to be the most efficient locus for Chinese timber species identification among the four barcodes tested, both at the species and genus level, despite its low recovery rate. Nevertheless, the barcode combination matK+trnH–psbA+ITS2 was required as a complementary barcode to distinguish closely related species in complex data sets involving internationally traded timber species. Comparative analyses of family‐level discrimination and species/genus ratios indicated that the inclusion of closely related species is an important factor affecting the resolution ability of barcodes for timber species verification. Our study indicates that although nuclear ITS2 is the most efficient single barcode for timber species authentication in China, complementary combinations like matK+trnH–psbA+ITS2 are required to provide broader discrimination power. These newly‐generated sequences enrich the existing publicly available databases, especially for tropical and subtropical evergreen timber trees and this current timber species barcode reference library can serve as an important genetic resource for forestry monitoring, illegal logging prosecution and biodiversity projects.
Dynamic volume‐rendered optical coherence tomography pupillometry
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , de Carvalho Emanuel R. , Hasler Pascal W. , Balaskas Konstantinos , Inglin Nadja , Petzold Axel , Egan Catherine , Tufail Adnan , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Valmaggia Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess intrapupillary space (IPS) changes in healthy subjects with regard to decreased iris motility in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) or non‐arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in a feasibility study in a clinical environment.MethodsScotopic and photopic IPS measurements using three‐dimensionally rendered swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) data were obtained and compared for all subjects. Intrapupillary space (IPS) parameters were evaluated such as absolute volumetric differences, relative light response for volumetric ratios and pupillary ejection fraction (PEF) for functional contraction measurements.ResultsFrom a total of 122 IPS from 66 subjects, 106 IPS were eligible for comparison providing values for 72 normal, 30 PEXG and 4 NAION eyes. In healthy, PEXG and NAION subjects, scotopic overall mean IPS was 8.90, 3.45 and 4.16 mm3, and photopic overall mean IPS was 0.87, 0.74 and 1.13 mm3, respectively. Three‐dimensional contractility showed a mean absolute difference of 8.03 mm3 for normals (defined as 100% contractility), 2.72 mm3 for PEXG (33.88% of normal) and 3.03 mm3 for NAION (38.50% of normal) with a relative light response ratio between scotopic and photopic volumes of 10.26 (100%), 4.69 (45.70%) and 3.67 (35.78%), respectively. Pupillary ejection fraction (PEF) showed a contractile pupillary emptying of 88.11% for normals, 76.92% for PEXG and 70.91% for NAION patients.ConclusionThis 3D pupillometry OCT assessment allows for quantitative measurements of pupil function, contractility and response to light. More specifically, PEF is presented as a potential (neuro)‐pupillary outcome measure that could be useful in the monitoring of ophthalmic disorders that affect pupillary function.
An online nomogram of acute respiratory distress syndrome originating from pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Hanghang , Tang Wen , Hu Quanyue , Hu Hao , Tang Rui , Deng Jia , Wang Daoxin , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly heterogeneous disease accompanied by high mortality. Our goal was to investigate the risk factors for 28‐day mortality and then establish a predictive online nomogram for ARDS originating from pulmonary disease (ARDSp).MethodsWe examined 1087 patients diagnosed with ARDS from January 2010 to December 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. A total of 185 ARDSp patients were finally enrolled in the training cohort. A total of 43 ARDSp patients from January 2020 to August 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Jiangbei District were included in the external validation cohort. Fundamental, clinical and laboratory variables at admission were gathered from medical records, and the 28‐day prognosis was followed up.ResultsIn the training cohort, it was found that age, sex, C‐reactive protein, albumin and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were independent risk factors for 28‐day mortality via multivariate logistic regression. The online nomogram software for 28‐day mortality showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical utility in both the training cohort and external validation cohort.ConclusionsFor ARDSp patients, older males, lower C‐reactive protein and albumin levels, and MODS were independent predictors of a poor 28‐day prognosis. The online nomogram based on five independent factors could act as a predictive appliance in clinical practice.
Increasing the tensile strength of oxide ceramic matrix mini‐composites by two‐step sintering
Authors: Farhandi Hedieh , Karim Md Nurul , Almeida Renato S. M. , Tushtev Kamen , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdapting conventional sintering (CS) techniques of monolithic ceramics for the production of oxide ceramic matrix composites (Ox‐CMCs) comes along with a few drawbacks, such as fiber degradation. Thus, the applicability of two‐step sintering (TSS) for the production of Ox‐CMCs based on Nextel™ 610 fibers and porous alumina matrix is investigated in this study for the first time. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to evaluate the performance of mini‐composites produced by TSS and compared with those produced by CS. Parameters known for influencing the mechanical behavior of the mini‐composites, such as grain size, porosity, shrinkage, as well as matrix properties, were analyzed. Both sintering techniques resulted in similar grain size distributions, whereas TSS showed higher total porosity and lower amount of sintering‐induced cracks. As a result, TSS samples showed a higher tensile strength of 230±27 MPa when compared to 133±8 MPa for CS. In general, it was observed that most of the densification happens during the first phase of TSS, while the matrix is slowly strengthened during the second step. Therefore, the reported TSS process is a very promising and easy‐to‐apply heat treatment for producing Ox‐CMCs with controlled microstructure.
Bacterial infection in dogs with aspiration pneumonia at 2 tertiary referral practices
Authors: Howard Jennifer , Reinero Carol R. , Almond Greg , Vientos‐Plotts Aida , Cohn Leah A. , Grobman Megan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs, antimicrobial drugs are widely prescribed for aspiration pneumonia (AP) despite poor documentation of bacterial infection in AP (b‐AP) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. Interpretating discordant cytology and culture results is challenging, contributing to lack of a criterion standard, and highlighting differences between veterinary and human medical criteria for b‐AP.ObjectivesDetermine how many dogs with AP had BALF collection and differences in diagnosis of b‐AP using veterinary vs human medical criteria. Report findings of noninvasive markers (e.g. fever, band neutrophilia, radiographic severity score) in dogs with and without b‐AP.AnimalsRetrospective cohort study of client‐owned dogs (n = 429) with AP at 2 university veterinary hospitals. Twenty‐four dogs met enrollment criteria.MethodsInclusion criteria were radiographic diagnosis of AP, ≥1 risk factor, CBC findings, and BALF cytology and culture results. Veterinary medical b‐AP criteria were cytology findings compatible with sepsis with or without positive culture, or cytology findings not consistent with sepsis and positive culture (≥1.7 × 103 cfu/mL). Human medical b‐AP criteria required culture with ≥104 cfu/mL or > 7% cells with intracellular bacteria on cytology.ResultsOnly 24/429 dogs met all enrollment criteria; 379/429 dogs lacked BALF collection. Diagnosis of b‐AP differed using veterinary (79%) vs human (29%) medical criteria. Fever, band neutrophils and high radiographic scores were noted in dogs with and without b‐AP.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLack of routine BALF collection hampers definitive recognition of bacterial infection in AP. Differences in dogs meeting veterinary vs human medical definitions for b‐AP and usefulness of noninvasive markers warrant further study to improve understanding of the role of bacteria in AP.
Does the interference phenomenon affect strength development during same‐session combined rehabilitation program in hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Pavlin Laura , Rodriguez Annie , Ohresser Isabelle , Larivière Martin , Portal Cyril , Cristol Jean‐Paul , Bernardi Henri , Turc‐Baron Cécile , Candau Robin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess if an interference effect could blunt the neuromuscular gains induced by a same‐session combined rehabilitation in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsPatients exercised twice a week, for 16 weeks, over their HD sessions. They were either always trained with resistance and endurance exercises (continuous training, “CONT”) or alternatively with 1 week of resistance alternated with 1 week of endurance (discontinuous training, “DISC”). Adherence and workload were continuously recorded. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, one‐leg balance test, and handgrip and quadriceps strength were evaluated before and after training intervention.ResultsAdherence to both programs was high (>90%). SPPB score had significantly improved (CONT: +1.5 point, DISC: +1.2 pt, p < 0.001), like one‐leg balance test (CONT: +3.7 s, DISC: +5.5 s, p < 0.05), handgrip strength of exercised (CONT: +5.5 kg, DISC: +5.6 kg, p < 0.001) and of nonexercised arm (CONT: +4.4 kg, DISC: +2.8 kg, p < 0.01) as well as maximal quadriceps strength (+22 N·m for dominant and +29 N·m for nondominant leg in both groups, p < 0.001) bearing no difference between the trainings.ConclusionSame‐session combined training does not induce an interference effect in HD patients and temporal separation of exercises does not optimize strength gains. These practical data may be relevant for clinicians and practitioners to alternate endurance and resistance exercises.
A case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and reflectance confocal microscopy of a post‐surgical skin graft
Authors: Nawrocki Shiri , Rubin Alexandra , Srivastava Radhika , Chamorro Paola , Rao Babar K. , Wassef Cindy M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an overall rare malignancy yet is one of the most common cutaneous sarcomas. The diagnosis of DFSP is typically made following histopathologic examination of the lesion, classically revealing a storiform pattern of spindle cells with elongated nuclei infiltrating the dermis and subcutis. Surgical excision is the standard treatment. Local recurrence is estimated to occur in 20−50% of cases, thus frequent postsurgical monitoring is required. Noninvasive imaging modalities offer a potential alternative to multiple repeat biopsies. We report the first case where reflectance confocal microscopy accompanied clinical examination in monitoring for DFSP recurrence postsurgical excision.
Strength in numbers: The forces of constituency size, legislator identity, and institutional position on veterans’ representation
Authors: Cormack Lindsey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveVeterans are overrepresented in Congress, yet few studies focus on how veteran‐related outcomes are related to the veteran status of individual legislators and the size of veterans within a district.MethodsUsing a novel data set spanning from 2005 to 2017, I assess three measures of substantive representation: placement on a relevant committee, legislative effort, and communication efforts.ResultsVeterans in Congress are not more likely to get a seat on the Veterans Affairs Committee than non‐veterans, but the share of veterans in a constituency is related to committee placement. Though veterans tend to introduce more bills and talk about veterans’ issues more often, the share of veterans within a constituency is also positively related to efforts focused on veterans.ConclusionVeterans in Congress and size of veterans’ constituencies impact different features of representational politics. Legislators from areas with greater shares of veterans, regardless of their own veteran status tend to get sets on the Veteran Affairs Committee, introduce more veterans’ legislation, and talk about veterans in communications.
Parametrically Excited Vibrations and Auto-Parametric Resonance in Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Popov A. A. , Thompson J. M. T. , McRobie F. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vibrations of cylindrical shells parametrically excited by external axial forcing or by internal auto-parametric resonances are considered. A Rayleigh-Ritz discretization of the von Kármán-Donnell equations through symbolic computations leads to low dimensional models of shell vibration. After applying methods and ideas of modern dynamical systems theory, complete bifurcation diagrams are constructed and analyzed with an emphasis on modal interactions and their relevance to structural behaviour. In the case of free shell vibrations, the Hamiltonian and a transformation into action-angle coordinates followed by averaging provides readily a geometric description of the interaction between concertina and chequerboard modes. It was established that the interaction should be most pronounced when there are slightly less than 2 N square chequerboard panels circumferentially, where N is the ratio of shell radius to thickness. The two mode interaction leads to preferred vibration patterns with larger deflection inwards than outwards, and at internal resonance, significant energy transfer occurs between the modes. The regular and chaotic features of this interaction are studied analytically and numerically.
Can Faster-Better-Cheaper Work? Challenges and Recommendations for the Management of Future Space Missions
Authors: Paté-Cornell M. Elisabeth , Dillon Robin L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Several years ago, NASA shifted its unmanned space program to a faster-better-cheaper (FBC) management style. As opposed to complex spacecraft that cost billions of dollars and required a decade of development, FBC projects have reduced scopes and are developed in approximately three years for about $200 million. In order to examine the successful attributes and potential weaknesses of this new management style, we performed in 1997 and 1998, several case studies of such missions at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). We examined in detail three FBC missions, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Pathfinder (MPF), and Deep Space 1 (DS1), recognizing that MGS and to some extent MPF were of intermediate type because they had inherited either parts or staff training from previous missions. We also studied Cassini, the “last” of the flagship missions, as a base case for comparison. This study was performed before a few recent failures (e.g., Lewis, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander) that have attracted the attention of the public (and Congress) on the potential downsides and the management difficulties of the faster-better-cheaper mode of operation. We identified and describe in this paper, several management features of earlier FBC missions that seem to have contributed to their success. Yet, at that time already, we had cautioned NASA that our results were based on a very small sample. We pointed out that most of these features had potential downsides and we expressed some concerns about the long-term viability of some of these same features. Based on these case studies and on NASA’s recent experience, we provide here a set of recommendations that should be helpful for the management of current and future FBC programs.
The Development of a Hardware Oriented Tool for Risk Assessment and Modelling
Authors: Kara-Zaitri Chakib , Alsahli Obaida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a “hardware-oriented” tool capable of handling the qualitative analysis of Integrated FMEA and FTA i.e. Failure Modes and Effects Tree Analysis (FMETA). The Boolean reduction required for the determination of MCSs is inherently dealt with the hardware system. The work carried takes advantage of the significant development made in Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). The new idea here is that a hardware design can, in fact, mimic the failure logic of a given system and can therefore encapsulate the underlying FMETA knowledge base. In this research, an algorithm based on the new idea has been successfully implemented on a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) using simulation software. The prototype system developed is a small unit consisting of a chip containing the “wired-in” failure knowledge base, in terms of FMETA, and a simple input / output device for interrogation purposes. The intrinsic PLD simulation algorithm is shown to successfully model the relationships existing between repeated failure causes, modes and effects and generate the list of associated MCSs in a truly integrated FMEA/FTA context.
Safety Hazards Associated With the Failure of Safety Barriers Under the Control of Microprocessors
Authors: Dickson Richard L. , McQuiston William C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microprocessor-based control systems have become increasingly popular in the work place because of their versatility and functionality. As a result, microprocessors are being used to monitor and control safety barriers associated with fire protection systems, radiation interlock systems, robotics systems, and manufacturing equipment. These systems tend to be complex and subject to single-point and common-cause failures. Failures occur when the control system can not perform its intended function for any of a number of reasons such as microprocessor malfunction or failure, loss of electrical power, power surge, software logic error, design error, or installation error. Failures of microprocessor-based control systems have the potential to adversely impact the safety of workers, the public and the environment, especially when the microprocessor is exclusively responsible for maintaining or monitoring a safety barrier or safety system. Unfortunately, individuals responsible for system design, design review, system operation and safety oversight may not recognize or appreciate the safety consequences of placing a safety barrier under the exclusive control of a microprocessor-based system. Five examples of microprocessor-based control system failures are discussed to illustrate potential problems that have occurred.