bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The depth of the thermal influence zone of the surface in the snow cover
Authors: Galkin Aleksandr Fyodorovich , ZHirkov Aleksandr Fedotovich , Pankov Vladimir Yur'evich , Plotnikov Nikolay Afanasievich 
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the snow cover, which determines the formation of the thermal regime of soils in winter. The purpose of the work is to determine the depth of the zone of thermal influence of the surface in the snow cover. That is, the determination of the zone of temperature fluctuations (daily, decadal) in the snow cover when the temperature of the atmospheric air changes. Determining the depth of this zone is important both for taking into account the formation of the properties of the snow cover itself, and for choosing a method for modeling the process of thermal interaction of the atmosphere with the ground in the presence of snow cover. In particular, the possibility of taking into account snow cover as thermal resistance in modeling thermal processes. To assess the depth of thermal influence, the well-known Goodman formula was used, obtained by solving the corresponding problem of thermal conductivity by the integral method and representing the dependence of the depth of the zone of temperature change in a solid with an abrupt change in surface temperature on time and thermal conductivity of the material (in this case, snow of a certain density). To determine the thermal conductivity, the formulas of Abels and Osokin were used to determine the thermal conductivity coefficient of snow depending on density. At the same time, it was taken into account that the density of snow cover is a variable in depth, determined by the linearized Abe formula. Alternatively, a snow cover with a density equal to the average integral density in depth is considered. Dependences are obtained to determine the duration of the attenuation period of surface temperature fluctuations at a certain depth of snow cover. An indicator of the change in the depth of vibration attenuation (the depth of thermal influence) is proposed. To assess the effect of snow reclamation, a formula is proposed that allows us to determine the degree of change in the duration of the period of complete attenuation of temperature in depth during compaction of snow cover, depending on the compaction coefficient. A dependence has been obtained linking the depth of the zone of thermal influence with the duration of the period of daily temperature fluctuations on the surface of the snow cover and its density. Comparison of the calculated data according to the obtained formulas with the data on the depth of attenuation of daily temperature fluctuations in snow cover with different snow densities, given in the literature, showed good convergence. This allows us to recommend the obtained formulas for practical use in assessing the process of formation of the thermal regime of snow cover.
[The International Association of Hydrogeologists IAH Italy grows up. Starting from January 1, 2024, the Association is registered in the National Single Register of the Third Sector]
Authors: Rusi Sergio , Da Pelo Stefania 
Published: December 2024

[Article in Italian]
L’Associazione Internazionale degli Idrogeologi IAH Italy diventa grande. A partire dal 1° gennaio 2024 l’Associazione è iscritta al Registro Unico Nazionale del Terzo Settore (RUNTS).
La natura sociale degli animali nella ‘messa in scena’ del cambiamento climatico
Authors: Bonati Sara , Tononi Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract The Social Nature of Animals in the ‘Staging’ of Climate Change The paper aims to open a discussion on the social nature of nonhuman animals in climate change, investigating how human communication practices interfere with how animals are conceived in the climate change debate and with their ability to deal with the upcoming challenges. Thus, in the first part, the work investigates how different animals, especially wild fauna, are used in communicating climate change, focusing on polar bears. In the second part, a focus on farm animals is provided, and in particular on pigs. This requires going beyond an anthropocentric perspective on climate change and identifying an integrative approach to the solutions to adopt.
Community Maps: A Participative Tool for Land Use Enhancement. The Case of Casentino
Authors: Marengo Marina , Lopez Lucrezia , Rossi Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract Community maps, adapted to the Italian context from the English Parish maps of the 1980s, have been an increasingly used participatory tool in our country for almost 30 years. Some of the processes for enhancement marginal territories have in fact used or use these tools. In the specific case of Casentino (Tuscany), there are three community maps created in the 2000s and continuously implemented. This essay will analyze the paths peculiar to each of them, activated and accompanied by the local ecomuseum network, which have allowed new processes of local growth and development to be “rooted” in this mountainous context.
Crossed Landscapes: A Walking Method Research Experience in Sicily
Authors: Messina Giovanni , Nicosia Enrico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract The present contribution, starting from theoretical reflections on the role of ecomuseums in the valorisation of territorial resources and the idea of landscape dynamics as connectors that link communities to places also through sensorial experience, presents the case study of the Grotte Vaporose of Sciacca, in South-Western Sicily. Through an approach based on the so-called walking methods, this work aims at returning the perceptual, critical and analytical outcomes of a flânerie in an ecomuseum.
JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome
Authors: Rachubinski Angela L , Wallace Elizabeth , Gurnee Emily , Enriquez-Estrada Belinda A , Worek Kayleigh R , Smith Keith P , Araya Paula , Waugh Katherine A , Granrath Ross E , Britton Eleanor , Lyford Hannah R , Donovan Micah G , Eduthan Neetha Paul , Hill Amanda A , Martin Barry , Sullivan Kelly D , Patel Lina , Fidler Deborah J , Galbraith Matthew D , Dunnick Cory A , Norris David A , Espinosa Joaquín M 
Published: December 2024

Background:Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), display clear signs of immune dysregulation, including high rates of autoimmunity and severe complications from infections. Although it is well established that T21 causes increased interferon responses and JAK/STAT signaling, elevated autoantibodies, global immune remodeling, and hypercytokinemia, the interplay between these processes, the clinical manifestations of DS, and potential therapeutic interventions remain ill defined.Methods:We report a comprehensive analysis of immune dysregulation at the clinical, cellular, and molecular level in hundreds of individuals with DS, including autoantibody profiling, cytokine analysis, and deep immune mapping. We also report the interim analysis of a Phase II clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib through multiple clinical and molecular endpoints.Results:We demonstrate multi-organ autoimmunity of pediatric onset concurrent with unexpected autoantibody-phenotype associations in DS. Importantly, constitutive immune remodeling and hypercytokinemia occur from an early age prior to autoimmune diagnoses or autoantibody production. Analysis of the first 10 participants to complete 16 weeks of tofacitinib treatment shows a good safety profile and no serious adverse events. Treatment reduced skin pathology in alopecia areata, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, while decreasing interferon scores, cytokine scores, and levels of pathogenic autoantibodies without overt immune suppression.Conclusions:JAK inhibition is a valid strategy to treat autoimmune conditions in DS. Additional research is needed to define the effects of JAK inhibition on the broader developmental and clinical hallmarks of DS.Funding:NIAMS, Global Down Syndrome Foundation.Clinical trial number:NCT04246372.
Reactivities of Interstitial Hydrides in a Cu11 Template: En Route to Bimetallic Clusters
Authors: Silalahi Rhone P. Brocha , Wang Qi , Liao Jian‐Hong , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Wu Ying‐Yann , Wang Xiaoping , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn sharp contrast to surface hydrides, reactivities of interstitial hydrides are difficult to explore. When treated with a metal ion (Cu+, Ag+, and Au+), the stable CuI dihydride template [Cu11H2{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3] (H2Cu11) generates surprisingly three very different compounds, namely [CuH2Cu11{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3]+ (1), [AgH2Cu14{S2P(OiPr)2}6((C≡CPh)6]+ (2), and [AuCu11{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3Cl] (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are both MI species and maintain the same number of hydride ligands as their H2Cu11 precursor. Neutron diffraction revealed the first time a trigonal‐pyramidal hydride coordination mode in the AgCu3 environment of 2. 3 has no hydride and exhibits a mixed‐valent [AuCu11]10+ metal core, making it a two‐electron superatom.
Modularer zweistufiger Zugang zu π‐erweiterten Naphthyridin‐Systemen – potente Bausteine für die organische Elektronik
Authors: Stuck Fabian , Dietl Martin C. , Meißner Maximilian , Sebastian Finn , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Krämer Petra , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEffiziente Ansätze für den Einbau von Stickstoff in polyaromatische Verbindungen (PAVs) als stabilisierende Komponente für π‐erweiterte Systeme und Modifizierungswerkzeug für optoelektronische Eigenschaften sind eine Herausforderung. Hier haben wir einen neuen, vielseitigen Weg zu Naphthyridin‐basierten PAVs als nicht‐symmetrisches und regioisomeres Pendant zu Pyrazin‐basierten PAVs entwickelt. Eine Kombination aus einer goldkatalysierten Synthese von 2‐Aminochinolinen und der Entwicklung einer In‐situ‐Desulfonierung und ‐Kondensation dieser Vorläuferstoffe sind die Schlüsselschritte. Die Form und die Art der angehängten funktionellen Gruppen der PAVs können in einem späten Synthesestadium durch Wahl des Anthranils und Rückgrats des im goldkatalysierten Schritt eingeführten Inamids bestimmt werden. Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung und die Untersuchung der elektronischen Eigenschaften der Verbindungen zeigen den Einfluss der angebrachten Substituenten. Alle Naphthyridin‐basierten PAVs zeigen halochromes Verhalten, was ihre Verwendung als hochempfindliche Protonensensoren in nicht‐protischen Lösungsmitteln nahelegt.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Ternary‐Metal‐Sulfide/TiO2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Zheng Xinlong , Yang Yingjie , Li Jing , Liu Weifeng , Shen Yijun , Tian Xinlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient and stable photocatalysts is key to achieving highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Compared with photocatalysts containing only one type of semiconductor, heterojunction structure photocatalyst combining two or more semiconductors show altered band alignment at the interface, which promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers and inhibits carrier recombination. Thus, this kind of photocatalysts usually exhibit higher hydrogen evolution rates. To date, binary‐metal‐sulfide/titanium oxide (BMS/TiO2) heterojunction photocatalysts, such as CdS/TiO2, MoS2/TiO2, and ZnS/TiO2, have shown great promise for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Compared with BMS/TiO2, recently developed ternary‐metal‐sulfide/TiO2 (TMS/TiO2) photocatalysts have the advantages of low toxicity, a tunable band structure, and favorable chemical stability, enabling a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. In this review, TMS/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts are thoroughly summarized and the semiconductor properties of TMSs are firstly introduced. Afterwards, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution applications based on TMS/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts are reviewed and discussed in detail, mainly focusing on the heterojunction type, band structure, and photogenerated carrier separation and transport. Finally, our conclusions and the perspective based on the potential for the further improvement of TMS/TiO2 based photocatalysts are presented.
In Silico Prediction of Potential Drug Combinations for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by an Integrated Network and Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Teng Dan , Gong Yuning , Wu Zengrui , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disorder, so achieving the desired therapeutic efficacy through monotherapy is tricky. Drug combinations play a vital role in treating multiple complex diseases by providing increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. Here, we adopted a computational framework to discover potential drugs and drug pairs for T2DM. Firstly, we collected T2DM‐associated genes and constructed the disease module for T2DM. Then, by quantifying the proximity between drugs and the disease module, we found out potential drugs. Based on the drug‐induced gene expression profiles, we further performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on these drugs and identified several potential candidates. In addition, through network‐based separation, potential drug combinations for T2DM were predicted. Results from this study could provide insights for anti‐T2DM drug discovery and rational drug use of existing agents. As a useful computational framework, our approach could also be applied in drug research for other complex diseases.
Growth and Etching of the Grain Boundaries in Polygonal Graphene Islands
Authors: Sun Haibin , Liang Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiuyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe grain boundary is an intrinsic defect within mono‐ and multi‐layer polygonal graphene islands during the chemical vapor deposition growth process. It greatly influences their mechanical and electronic properties. However, the precise characterization and formation mechanism of grain boundaries still remain unclear. In this work, H2 etching experiments show that a polygonal etched hole originates from the natural location of a grain boundary beyond the nucleation site in polygonal monolayer graphene. Furthermore, colorful Raman mapping provides a visualized method to explore the distribution of grain boundaries in polygonal bilayer graphene. Therefore, a deep understanding of the growth kinetics of mono‐ and bi‐layer polygonal graphene was obtained through etching engineering combined with Raman spectroscopy.
Outpatient diuretic intensification as endpoint in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials: an analysis from TOPCAT
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Liu Jiankang , Claggett Brian L. , Vardeny Orly , Pitt Bertram , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsOutpatient treatment for the worsening of signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF) is usually not incorporated in the main outcomes of HF trials. Patients with HF and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may experience frequent episodes of outpatient worsening HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, prognostic impact, and the effect of spironolactone on outpatient diuretic intensification (ODI), among 1767 patients enrolled in TOPCAT‐Americas.Methods and resultsTime‐updated Cox models and win ratio analysis. ODI was defined by a post‐randomization loop diuretic dose increase or new initiation. The median follow‐up was 2.9 years. At baseline, 1362 (77%) patients were taking loop diuretics. During the follow‐up, 685 (38.8%) patients experienced ODI, which was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–2.04; HR for cardiovascular death 2.17, 95% CI 1.64–2.87); and HR for all‐cause mortality 1.75, 95% CI 1.41–2.16] (p < 0.001 for all outcomes). Adding ODI to the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death increased the event rate by three‐fold in the placebo group (from 10.4 to 29.9 events per 100 person‐years). Spironolactone treatment led to a 26% relative reduction of the extended composite of ODI or HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.85; p < 0.001) compared with a 16% relative reduction of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–0.99; p = 0.044). Using win ratio provided similar estimates.ConclusionIn HFpEF, ODI was frequent and independently associated with subsequent cardiovascular events. Spironolactone significantly reduced an extended composite outcome incorporating ODI.
Aminoferrocene‐Based Anticancer Prodrugs Labelled with Cyanine Dyes for in vivo Imaging
Authors: Gizem Özkan Hülya , Toms Johannes , Maschauer Simone , Prante Olaf , Mokhir Andriy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractN‐alkylaminoferrocene‐based (NAAF) prodrugs are activated in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), based on which these prodrugs target cancer cells (high ROS) and do not affect normal cells (low ROS). To gain some insights into their mode of action in vivo, we have investigated the biodistribution of 18F‐labelled NAAF prodrugs in tumor‐bearing mice by positron emission tomography (PET). Due to the short half‐life of 18F, the experimental time frame was restricted to 60 min. To extend the observation window, a more stable marker is required. In this paper, we report on conjugates of NAAF prodrugs with two cyanine dyes Cy5 and Cy7 including details of their synthesis, characterization and basic properties in cell free settings and their cellular uptake in representative human cancer cells. Finally, the Cy5 conjugate was subjected to in vivo fluorescence imaging studies to determine the prodrug biodistribution over 24 h.
Effect of electrolyte parameters on the discharge characteristics of planar zinc‐air flow battery with polymer gel electrolyte as separator
Authors: Sankaralingam Ram Kishore , Seshadri Satyanarayanan , Sunarso Jaka , Bhatt Anand I. , Kapoor Ajay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐air batteries are emerging as a preferable choice among different battery technologies explored as an alternative to existing lithium‐ion batteries. These batteries can outperform the current lithium batteries in terms of specific energy, energy cost, and ability for alternative metal choice. Metal‐air flow batteries are being investigated in place of conventional metal‐air batteries to reduce metal passivation and dendrite formation which are considered to be the major limitations in conventional metal‐air batteries. For emerging battery chemistry, a parametric study is necessary to identify the batteries performance variations to identify the optimal technology design. As far as flow batteries are concerned, electrolyte parameters play a notable role in the performance. In this study, we investigate the influence of electrolyte parameters namely, electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte volume (volume stored in the container), and electrolyte concentration to understand the effect of each parameter on the nominal voltage of a planar zinc‐air flow battery utilising a polymer gel electrolyte separator. We followed a 2n factorial design approach to determine the percentage contribution of each parameter. From this experimental study, we found the percentage contribution of electrolyte concentration to be most significant and the percentage contribution of electrolyte flow rate as reasonably significant. The percentage contribution of electrolyte volume appeared least significant among the chosen parameters. This study will help researchers to perceive the influence of electrolyte parameters on the performance of zinc‐air flow batteries.
Moisture Adsorption potentials and energy models of Gongronema latifolium leaves dried in separate environments
Authors: Ojike Onyekwere , Uzodinma Eunice Osinachi , Ali Euphemia Ogochukwu , Nweze Blessing C. , Okoyeuzu Chigozie F. , Eze Chinwendu R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMoisture adsorption isotherm potentials and energy models of Gongronema latifolium leaf grits were investigated. Fresh leaves were dried in sun; passive solar dryer and hot air oven, while proximate composition of the dried and fresh leaves were determined using standard laboratory procedure. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the leaf grits was measured using gravimetric static method. Selected mathematical and statistical models were applied on the experimental data to evaluate data fitting. Energy calculations were done based on the mathematical models. The EMCs of the leaf grits directly increased with water activity (aW) at specific temperatures. Adsorption data was better represented by GAB model than others while differential enthalpy decreased as the EMC of the oven sample increased. Differential entropy of all the samples decreased as the EMC increased. The safest monolayer moisture content varied between 7.1036 and 8.0164 gH2O/100 g solid, below 40°C, within relative humidity of 10%–50%. Sun and oven leaf grits adsorbed more moisture than solar sample. Proximate contents of the dried leaves showed higher values for protein and ash. Overall results indicated that the leaf grits when properly packaged could be used as spice or tea powder to manage household nutrient security in addition to the use as therapeutic foods.
Dynamic analysis of carbon dioxide desorption with 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol and piperazine blends
Authors: Zanone Armando , Salvagnini Wilson Miguel , de Paiva José Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic behavior of CO2 desorption in an aqueous blend of 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ) was investigated. Solvent desorption, an important method used to capture CO2 by absorption into amines, was carried out in a laboratory column with a film promoter and monitored online by infrared spectroscopy. A PLS model was used to quantify the free amines, carbonated species, and total absorbed CO2 in all its chemical forms present in the liquid phase. The desorption was performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 323, 333, and 343 K with blend solutions of 30/0, 25/5, 20/10, and 0/15 wt.% AMP/PZ. The liquid mass transfer coefficient (kL) decreased with higher CO2 loadings and was not significantly affected by temperature. AMP enhanced the liquid mass transfer coefficient of the PZ solvents, and the highest kL occurred at the higher PZ blend concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate classification of nodules and non‐nodules from computed tomography images based on radiomics and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Zhang Bin , Liu Xiaomin , Dong Jie , Zhao Shujun , Li Suxiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate classification of lung nodules can lead to a more favorable diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer. In this study, an accurate classification of nodules and non‐nodules based on radiomics and machine learning algorithms has been presented. We validate our method on 4999 nodule candidates and use accuracy, recall, precision, f1‐score, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as evaluation metrics. Experimental results manifest that for most classifiers, recursive feature elimination (RFE) has higher AUC values than chi‐square test and principal component analysis, selecting 15 features is better in AUC than 10 features and 20 features and the ratio between training data set and testing data set of 9:1 has the best predictive performance. When the feature selection method is RFE, the number of features is 15 and the ratio is 9:1, random forest has the highest AUC value (0.9536), accuracy (0.9580), recall (0.9893), precision (0.9392), and f1‐score (0.9636).