bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Impact of Intraoperative Ultrasound in Transoral Robotic Tongue Base Reduction
Authors: Hsu Heng‐Jui , Wu Jiunn‐Liang , Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Lin Cheng‐Yu 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the base of the tongue (BOT) reduction has been shown to decrease the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and improve daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOU) can be employed to guide the surgery and prevent massive bleeding.Study DesignCohort study with historical control.MethodsA cohort study to compare the outcomes between OSA patients who received TORS with and without IOU assistance.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2019, this study enrolled 80 OSA patients who underwent TORS in BOT: 57 in the IOU(+) and 23 in IOU(−) groups. The TORS with IOU presented with shorter operative time, less blood loss, and greater excised BOT volume. The IOU(+) group had greater improvement in the AHI and subjective questionnaire evaluation. The excised volume of BOT was significantly associated with the change in AHI.ConclusionThe IOU could improve outcomes in BOT reduction surgery without raising the risk of surgical complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1125–1131, 2022
Stoichiometric theory shapes enzyme kinetics in paddy bulk soil but not in rhizosphere soil
Authors: Liu Yuhuai , Shahbaz Muhammad , Fang Yunying , Li Baozhen , Wei Xiaomeng , Zhu Zhenke , Lynn Tin Mar , Lu Shunbao , Shibistova Olga , Wu Jinshui , Guggenberger Georg , Ge Tida 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe available carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) ratio in the soil is regulated by extracellular hydrolases for C and P acquisition by microbes and plants. However, the stoichiometric relationship between acquiring C and P in paddy rhizosphere and bulk soils remains unclear. The objective was to explore the underlying mechanisms of C and P acquisition stoichiometry in rhizosphere and bulk soils in response to P fertilization and cellulose addition. Amendment with either cellulose or P separately caused a significant increase in the maximal velocity (Vmax) of C acquisition enzymes (β‐1,4‐glucosidase and β‐cellobiohydrolase) but decreased that of P acquisition enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases) in bulk soil. In contrast, lower Vmax values of C and P acquisition enzymes were observed in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The co‐application of cellulose and P increased the Vmax of P acquisition enzymes in rhizosphere soil but decreased that of only alkaline phosphomonoesterase in bulk soil. Results show that P availability and labile‐C content co‐regulated the P/C acquisition ratio, and two inverse linear relationships were observed. Specifically, the P/C acquisition ratio was negatively related to both the dissolved organic C/Olsen‐P ratio and the microbial biomass C/P ratio in rhizosphere soil. However, the P/C acquisition ratio was positively related to both the dissolved organic C/Olsen‐P ratio and the microbial biomass C/P ratio in bulk soil. Overall, microbes mineralized less organic P to acquire P in paddy soil rhizosphere (i.e., containing higher labile‐C) than in bulk soil (i.e., having lower labile‐C contents).
Nitrogen fixation: A poorly understood process along the freshwater‐marine continuum
Authors: Marcarelli Amy M. , Fulweiler Robinson W. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractN2 fixation is a major component of the global N cycle and has been extensively studied in open‐ocean and terrestrial ecosystems. Yet rates and ecological dynamics remain virtually unknown for the inland and coastal aquatic ecosystems (lakes, wetlands, rivers, streams, and estuaries) that connect terrestrial and marine biomes. This is due to the diversity of these habitats as well as the traditional paradigm that N2 fixation rates were low to nonexistent, and therefore not important, in these ecosystems. We identify three major research themes to advance understanding of aquatic N2 fixation: (1) the biological diversity of diazotrophs and variability of N2 fixation rates, (2) the ecological stoichiometry of N2 fixation, and (3) the upscaling of N2 fixation rates from genes to ecosystems. Coordinating research across these areas will advance limnology and oceanography by fully integrating N2 fixation into ecological dynamics of aquatic ecosystems from local to global scales.
High Performance Double Conductive Network Hydrogel Based on Soaking Strategy for Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiangdong , Pi Menghan , Ran Rong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh performance and high conductivity have always been important indicators for the application of hydrogels in the field of soft electronics. However, it is difficult for hydrogels to have both high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. In this paper, a simple and feasible method is proposed, which allows polyvinyl alcohol to be embedded in the porous polyacrylamide chemical crosslinked network to form a structure of rich pores, and then soaked in salt solution to form a dense structure of hydrogels. In order to obtain good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity synchronously the hydrogel is soaked in KCl and NaCl solutions, respectively. However, different properties hydrogels are obtained after soaked in different salt solution, such as the strain of hydrogel after soaked in NaCl solution reached 750%, the conductivity of hydrogel after soaked in KCl solution is high (15.7 S m−1) and performed excellent conductivity even at low temperature (0 °C). In addition to the hydrogel after soaked in KCl solution showed 13.3 mF cm−2 high capacitance, the CV curve with regular shape and low temperature (0 °C) usage capacity when used as super capacitor. The conductive hydrogel can be used as artificial neural signal sensor, allowing produce artificial skin in medical field.
Comparing the associations of three psychometric scales at baseline with long‐term prognosis of depression over a 10‐year period
Authors: Hung Ching‐I , Liu Chia‐Yih , Hsu Shih‐Chieh , Yang Ching‐Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), a free scale, includes depression (DS) and somatic (SS) subscales. This study aimed to compare the associations of the baseline DSSS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores with the outcome of depression over a 10‐year follow‐up period.MethodsTwo hundred ninety outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled and were followed‐up at the 6‐month, 2‐year, and 10‐year points. The three scales were administered at each follow‐up. Multiple linear regressions were used to compare the associations.ResultsIn a comparison of the HAMD, DS, and HADS‐depression, the HAMD and DS scores at baseline were most strongly associated with the HAMD score at two (6‐month and 2‐year) and one (10‐year) follow‐up points, respectively. In a comparison of the HAMD, DS, SS, HADS‐depression, and HADS‐anxiety, the SS and HAMD scores at baseline were most strongly associated with the HAMD score at two (6‐month and 10‐year) and one (2‐year) follow‐up points, respectively.ConclusionsThe DS, SS, and HAMD scores at baseline were significantly associated with the long‐term outcome of depression. Scales or subscales assessing somatic symptoms might be more strongly associated with the outcome of depression.
Reactive power management by using a modified differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Kar Manoj Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Arun Kumar , Panigrahi Sibarama 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, a modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm is proposed and applied to provide the solution for reactive power management by incorporating the flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) controllers. The proper siting of FACTS controller has been achieved with an objective to minimize the losses and to improve the loading capability. The power flow analysis is performed to determine the optimal position for FACTS controllers. These controllers are incorporated in the most heavily loaded lines and hence controls the power flow in that particular line and allow more power to be transmitted in the remaining lines. The proposed MDE algorithm uses a novel DE/best3/1/bin mutation operator to produce three temporary mutant vectors which are averaged to obtain the mutant vector. Hence, the decision vectors of a generation simultaneously move toward the three best decision vectors of the population thereby maintains a better trade between exploration and exploitation. The proposed MDE algorithm is applied on different standard test bus (i.e., IEEE30, IEEE57, and IEEE118) systems with varying active and reactive loading (i.e., 100%, 110%, and 120%). The proposed method's performance is compared to those obtained from some well‐known meta‐heuristic algorithms. The proposed MDE algorithm optimized FACTS controllers reduce transmission loss by 60.90% in IEEE30 bus, 49.72% in IEEE57 bus and 8.37% in IEEE118 bus test system under base loading. The statistical analysis of the obtained results is carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Friedman and Nemenyi hypothesis test, which ensures the reliability and robustness of the proposed method.
Design of sodium alginate/soybean extract beads loaded with hemp hurd and halloysite as novel and sustainable systems for methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Viscusi Gianluca , Lamberti Elena , Gorrasi Giuliana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work concerns the fabrication of a green, novel, and sustainable system for the efficient removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The proposed system is obtained by using sodium alginate/soybean extract blend reinforced with hemp hurd from agro‐waste resources and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The ionotropic gelation methodology, using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent, was easily applied to obtain composite beads. The adsorption studies were carried out up to 24 h using methylene blue as model system. The effect of HNTs on adsorption capacity was investigated proving that an increase in inorganic filler determined an increase in adsorption capacity from 32 to 49 mg/g by adding 35% wt of HNTs. The experimental data were fitted through four different models, demonstrating that the adsorption phenomenon is described by second‐order process. Film diffusion and pore diffusion values were evaluated to better investigate the rate controlling mechanisms. Isotherm studies were then carried out to extrapolate thermodynamic parameters. Finally, a possible mechanism of adsorption was proposed on the basis of chemisorption mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the proposed novel, inexpensive, and sustainable composite material obtained from agro‐waste resources has high efficiency in removing a cationic dye from wastewaters.
Peptide probes containing a non‐hydrolyzable phosphotyrosine‐mimetic residue for enrichment of protein tyrosine phosphatases
Authors: Tsumagari Kazuya , Niinae Tomoya , Otaka Akira , Ishihama Yasushi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe developed peptide probes containing a non‐hydrolyzable phosphotyrosine mimetic, 4‐[difluoro(phosphono)methyl]‐L‐phenylalanine (F2Pmp) for the enrichment of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). We found that different F2Pmp probes can enrich different PTPs, depending on the probe sequence. Furthermore, proteins containing a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain were enriched together. Importantly, probes containing phosphotyrosine instead of F2Pmp failed to enrich PTPs due to dephosphorylation during the pulldown step. This enrichment approach using peptides containing F2Pmp could be a generic tool for tyrosine phosphatome analysis without the use of antibodies.
Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of PB2452, a monoclonal antibody fragment being developed as a ticagrelor reversal agent, in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kathman Steven J. , Wheeler Jeffery J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Arnold Susan E. , Lee John S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPB2452, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody fragment that binds the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor with high affinity, is being developed as a ticagrelor reversal agent. To identify a clinically useful intravenous (i.v.) reversal regimen, a semimechanistic exposure‐response model was developed during the PB2452 first‐in‐human phase I study. From a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose trial to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of PB2452 in 61 healthy volunteers pretreated with ticagrelor, sequential dose cohort data were used to build and refine an exposure‐response model that combined population PK models for ticagrelor (TICA), ticagrelor active metabolite (TAM), and PB2452, and related their binding relationships to the PK of uncomplexed TICA and TAM which is predictive of platelet inhibition. Platelet function was assessed by multiple assays. The model was developed using Bayesian methods in NONMEM. Human PK and pharmacodynamic data from sequential dose cohorts were used to initially define and then refine model parameters. Model simulations indicated that an initial i.v. bolus of PB2452, followed by a high‐rate infusion, and then a slower‐rate infusion would provide immediate and sustained reversal of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor. Based on model predictions, a 6 g i.v. bolus followed by 6 g infused over 4 h and then 6 g over 12 h was identified and tested in study subjects and shown to provide complete reversal within 5 min of infusion onset that was sustained for 20–24 h. The model is predictive of the reversal profile of PB2452 and will inform future trials of PB2452.
Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese traditional villages in eight provinces the Yellow River flows through
Authors: Gao Chenge , Wu Ying , Bian Chenlong , Gao Xingxi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlong with global urbanization and the dominant trend toward urban‐based policies, traditional villages are facing imbalanced development and the fate of revitalization or decline. In this study, 1,222 Chinese traditional villages in eight provinces the Yellow River flows through have been selected as the typical physical bearers of Chinese civilization of an investigation into the multi‐scale spatial characteristics, and multiple influencing factors and mechanisms for regional patterns and spatial differentiation. Spatial analysis methods, including nearest neighbor index and kernel density, are applied to figure out the great regional differentiation in the overall pattern and specific distribution characteristics in each province. Physical environment factors and socioeconomic influencing factors are analyzed and compared using geographical detectors. The results show that: (a) The overall spatial distribution of the traditional villages shows great regional differentiation and is characterized by “two cores,” “three distribution modes,” and “four types of the absence” of traditional villages; (b) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in the Yellow River Basin is affected both by natural factors and by socioeconomic factors, with natural factors having the greater impact; and (c) there is no inevitable correlation between the level of economic development and the rise and fall of traditional villages. By analyzing and revealing the external forces and internal motivation and influencing factors of renewal and evolution, and the wisdom and culture behind the physical places, this research can deepen the understanding of traditional villages, enable traditional society to better adapt to contemporary society, and provide reference for rural revitalization and regional development of rural areas and the Yellow River Basin.
Introduction to computational causal inference using reproducible Stata, R, and Python code: A tutorial
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Mansournia Mohammad A. , Maringe Camille , Zivich Paul N. , Cole Stephen R. , Leyrat Clémence , Belot Aurélien , Rachet Bernard , Luque‐Fernandez Miguel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of many medical studies is to estimate the effects of a treatment or exposure on an outcome. However, it is not always possible to randomize the study participants to a particular treatment, therefore observational study designs may be used. There are major challenges with observational studies; one of which is confounding. Controlling for confounding is commonly performed by direct adjustment of measured confounders; although, sometimes this approach is suboptimal due to modeling assumptions and misspecification. Recent advances in the field of causal inference have dealt with confounding by building on classical standardization methods. However, these recent advances have progressed quickly with a relative paucity of computational‐oriented applied tutorials contributing to some confusion in the use of these methods among applied researchers. In this tutorial, we show the computational implementation of different causal inference estimators from a historical perspective where new estimators were developed to overcome the limitations of the previous estimators (ie, nonparametric and parametric g‐formula, inverse probability weighting, double‐robust, and data‐adaptive estimators). We illustrate the implementation of different methods using an empirical example from the Connors study based on intensive care medicine, and most importantly, we provide reproducible and commented code in Stata, R, and Python for researchers to adapt in their own observational study. The code can be accessed at
https://github.com/migariane/Tutorial_Computational_Causal_Inference_Estimators.
Growth Factor‐Decorated Ti3C2 MXene/MoS2 2D Bio‐Heterojunctions with Quad‐Channel Photonic Disinfection for Effective Regeneration of Bacteria‐Invaded Cutaneous Tissue
Authors: Yang Zhaopu , Fu Xinliang , Ma Daichuan , Wang Yulin , Peng Liming , Shi Jiacheng , Sun Jiyu , Gan Xueqi , Deng Yi , Yang Weizhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhototherapy has recently emerged as a competent alternative for combating bacterial infection without antibiotic‐resistance risk. However, owing to the bacterial endogenous antioxidative glutathione (GSH), the exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by phototherapy can hardly behave desired antibacterial effect. To address the daunting issue, a quad‐channel synergistic antibacterial nano‐platform of Ti3C2 MXene/MoS2 (MM) 2D bio‐heterojunctions (2D bio‐HJs) are devised and fabricated, which possess photothermal, photodynamic, peroxidase‐like (POD‐like), and glutathione oxidase‐like properties. Under near‐infrared (NIR) laser exposure, the 2D bio‐HJs both yield localized heating and raise extracellular ROS level, leading to bacterial inactivation. Synchronously, Mo4+ ions can easily invade into ruptured bacterial membrane, arouse intracellular ROS, and deplete intracellular GSH. Squeezed between the “ROS hurricane” from both internal and external sides, the bacteria are hugely slaughtered. After being further loaded with fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF21), the 2D bio‐HJs exhibit benign cytocompatibility and boost cell migration in vitro. Notably, the in vivo evaluations employing a mouse‐infected wound model demonstrate the excellent photonic disinfection towards bacterial infection and accelerated wound healing. Overall, this work provides a powerful nano‐platform for the effective regeneration of bacteria‐invaded cutaneous tissue using 2D bio‐HJs.
Dynamic CoRu Bond Shrinkage at Atomically Dispersed Ru Sites for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hui , Su Hui , Soldatov Mikhail A. , Li Yuanli , Zhao Xu , Liu Meihuan , Zhou Wanlin , Zhang Xiuxiu , Sun Xuan , Xu Yanzhi , Yao Peng , Wei Shiqiang , Liu Qinghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccurately manipulating the electronic structure of metal active sites under working conditions is central to developing efficient and stable electrocatalysts in industrial water‐alkali electrolyzers. However, the lack of an intuitive means to capture the evolution of metal sites during the reaction state inhibits the manipulation of its electronic structure. Here, atomically dispersed Ru single‐sites on cobalt nanoparticles confined onto macro‐microporous frameworks (M‐Co NPs@Ru SAs/NC) with tunable electron coupling effect for efficient catalysis of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are constructed. Using operando X‐ray absorption and infrared spectroscopies, a dynamic CoRu bond shrinkage with strong electron coupling effect under working conditions is identified, which significantly promotes the adsorption of water molecules and then accelerates its dissociation to form the key H* over Ru sites for high HER activity. The well‐designed M‐Co NPs@Ru SAs/NC delivers efficient HER performance with a small overpotential of 34 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a high turnover frequency of ≈4284 H2 h−1 at −0.05 V, 40 times higher than that of the benchmark Pt/C. This work provides a new point of view to manipulate the electronic structure of the metal active sites for highly effective electrocatalysis processes.
Co‐exploring relational heuristics for sustainability transitions towards more resilient and just Anthropocene futures
Authors: Preiser Rika , Biggs Reinette , Hamann Maike , Sitas Nadia , Selomane Odirilwe , Waddell Joy , Clements Hayley , Hichert Tanja 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, four relational heuristic responses for exploring new modes of engagement, or patterns of activity, that could enliven humanity's efforts in fostering systemic thinking and action to inform sustainability transitions are offered. Their purpose is to realise more resilient and just Anthropocene futures. These relational heuristics are (1) re‐patterning our theories of change‐making, (2) cultivating a shared future consciousness, (3) creating transformative spaces and (4) engaging in processes of co‐exploration. We argue that these heuristics are better aligned for studying and responding to the systemic and interdependent nature of the real‐world challenges we are currently facing.
Alkali activated cement mixture at ambient curing: Strength, workability, and setting time
Authors: Tekle Biruk Hailu , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe success of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) comes at a risk to the environment because of the large carbon dioxide emissions associated with cement manufacturing. This has led the scientific community to look for alternative cementitious materials with lower environmental impact. Alkali activated cement (AAC) is an excellent alternative to this end. In this study, the effect of binder content, alkaline solid to binder ratio (AS/B), sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solids ratio (SS/SH), and total water content to total solid binder ratio (TW/TB) on the strength, setting time and flowability of ambient cured AAC mixtures are studied using Taguchi method of experimental design. Binder content was varied from 550 to 750 kg/m3, AS/B ratio from 0.14 to 0.22, SS/SH ratio from 1.5 to 2.5, and TW/TB ratio from 0.29 to 0.39. The study results showed that within the investigated range, an increase in binder content has a minor effect on strength but resulted in a considerable increase in setting time and flowability. An increase in the AS/B ratio resulted in increased flowability and setting time and a decrease in strength. Moreover, the study also investigated the relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength.