bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal distribution and variability of surface winds in the Indonesian seas using scatterometer and reanalysis data
Authors: Alifdini Inovasita , Shimada Teruhisa , Wirasatriya Anindya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe distribution and variability of surface winds in the seas and straits in the Maritime Continent, or the Indonesian seas, are investigated using scatterometer wind measurements and reanalysis wind data. This study focuses on the detailed climatology of surface winds in the Indonesian seas and has significant implications for a better understanding of regional climate, meteorological disasters, and offshore wind resource. The monsoon winds predominantly blow over the seas along the routes formed by the coastlines of the large islands and the chains of the small islands. The wind speeds are persistently strong along these routes, and the major direction of the variability in winds is well aligned with these routes. The wind jets are formed in the central part of the routes. The interisland gaps and channels form wind jets of various scales. The Australian winter monsoon is stronger and more persistent than the East Asian winter monsoon in the Indonesian seas. The onset of each monsoon differs by approximately 40 days between the east and west of the Indonesian seas. The amplitudes and spatial extents of diurnally varying winds dominate along the northern coasts of Java Island and the small islands to the east, along the northwest and northeast coasts of Borneo, along the coast of southern Sulawesi Island, and to the southwest of Papua, and vanish along the centre lines of the monsoon routes. Sea areas with a large amplitude of diurnally varying wind are much the same throughout the year. The amplitude of diurnally varying wind has an annual maximum in September in the southern Indonesian seas, possibly in correspondence with the annual maximum of the temperature difference between land and sea.
Landing biomechanics deficits in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients can be assessed in a non‐laboratory setting
Authors: Peebles Alexander T. , Miller Thomas K. , Queen Robin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLanding biomechanics provide important information pertaining to second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in patients following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). While traditional motion analysis technologies are often impractical for use in non‐laboratory settings, methods to assess landing biomechanics which are inexpensive, portable, and user‐friendly have recently been developed and validated. The purpose of this study was to compare landing kinematics and kinetics between ACLR patients and uninjured controls in a non‐laboratory setting. Sixteen ACLR patients (7 male/9 female, 6–12 months post‐ACLR) and 16 gender‐matched controls completed seven bilateral drop vertical jumps and seven unilateral drop landings on each limb. Plantar force was measured bilaterally using force sensing insoles and frontal and sagittal‐plane knee kinematics were measured using two tablets, six reflective markers, and automated point tracking software. Plantar force impulse normalized symmetry index (NSI) and knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) range of motion were computed during bilateral landing, and knee flexion range of motion NSI was computed during unilateral landing and compared between groups using independent samples t tests. ACLR patients had larger NSIs (reflecting less symmetry) for plantar force impulse during bilateral landing (p < 0.001) and knee flexion range of motion during unilateral landing (p = 0.004). No between‐group differences were observed for knee FPPA range of motion (p = 0.111). This study is an important step towards assessing landing biomechanics in non‐research settings with the goal of providing quantitative injury risk metrics in a clinical setting that can be used for return to sport decision making.
Correlation of local strain and temperature measurements in confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Lubio Aura D. , Dörfler Andreas , Plathier Julien , Dequivre Thomas , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Charlebois Serge A. , Ruediger Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn microsystem technologies, it is very common to employ Raman spectroscopy to monitor the strain generated during the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems and integrated circuits devices, an example being through‐silicon vias. Typically, for strain analysis, the laser intensity is chosen to be sufficiently low to avoid the laser heating affecting the position of the Raman lines under consideration, because theoretically, the measured strain can have two origins: for one as a consequence of mechanical stress through Hooke's law, and for the other, as a consequence of temperature. The latter has often been overlooked throughout literature. Here, we revisit a couple of cases, for which tensile strain is detected, by comparing them to Raman analysis on samples of empty through‐silicon vias, that were expected to be strain free. By simultaneously monitoring strain and the local temperature through the ratio of anti‐Stokes to Stokes lines, it is found that at least part of the strain usually attributed to mechanical stress can be quantitatively attributed to laser‐induced thermal expansion, even at relatively low laser intensities. We support our findings using a finite element model and present key implications on the interpretation of strain measurements in copper‐filled through‐silicon vias.
Evaluation of Non‐Ambiguous Critical Micelle Concentration of Surfactants in Relation to Solution Behaviors of Pure and Mixed Surfactant Systems: A Physicochemical Documentary and Analysis
Authors: Moulik Satya P. , Rakshit Animesh K. , Naskar Bappaditya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCritical micelle concentration (CMC) is a fundamental physical parameter of surfactant aggregation in solution. The CMC is determined by different methods, tensiometry, conductometry, microcalorimetry, fluorimetry, and so on. However, it is known that though CMC is reported as a single value, in reality, micelle formation occurs over a narrow range of concentration for different experimental procedures produce different results. We shall discuss about a unique procedure of measuring correct CMC applicable to all potential methods used in practice. This is essential for the evaluation of thermodynamic properties of the micelle forming process in pure and mixed states in terms of solution theories. As we in this short documentary want to deal with various aspects of Milton Rosen's research—wherein we have also worked—a few other facets of surfactant chemistry research, besides the micelle formation, are also briefly discussed. In mixed surfactant systems, synergistic effects in various surfactant properties like detergency, foaming, solubilization, and so on are found whereas in some others non‐synergistic effects are observed. Dehydration of micelles with an increase in temperature or by the addition of hydrophilic substances may cause clouding to the system. Soluble amphiphilic systems produce Gibbs monolayer at the air/water interface; insoluble amphiphiles form Langmuir monolayers. A documentary of the above aspects will be herein presented and discussed. We mention that this article is neither an original research article nor a review article. This is a mixture of the two: a documentary of both original research and some review of our works presented in memory of Prof. Milton Rosen.
Promotion of monacolin K production in Monascus extractive fermentation: the variation in fungal morphology and in the expression levels of biosynthetic gene clusters
Authors: Yang Xuelian , Xiang Longbei , Zhang Chan , Cao Yanping , Wang Chengtao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonacolin K, an important secondary metabolite of Monascus, possesses a cholesterol‐lowering effect and is widely used in the manufacture of antihypertensive drugs. In the present study, we constructed an extractive fermentation system by adding non‐ionic surfactant and acquired a high monacolin K yield. The mechanism was determined by examining both cell morphology and the transcription levels of the related mokA‐I genes in the monacolin K biosynthetic gene cluster.RESULTSThe monacolin K yield was effectively increased to 539.59 mg L−1 during extraction, which was an increase of 386.16% compared to that in the control group fermentation. The non‐ionic surfactant showed good biocompatibility with Monascus. Electron scanning microscopy revealed alterations in the morphology of Monascus. The loosened mycelial structure and increased number of cell surface wrinkles were found to be related to the increased cell‐membrane permeability and extracellular accumulation of monacolin K. Gene expression levels were measured via a quantitative reverse transciptase‐polymerase chain reaction. By contrast, in the control group, mokA, mokB, mokC, mokD and mokF showed higher‐level and longer‐term expression in the extractive fermentation group, whereas mokE and mokG did not present a similar trend. The expression levels of mokH and mokI, encoding a transcription factor and efflux pump, respectively, were also higher than the control levels.CONCLUSIONThe addition of a non‐ionic surfactant to Monascus fermentation effectively increases the yield of monacolin K by transforming the fungus morphology and promoting the expression of monacolin K biosynthesis genes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extraordinary Fast Forward and Backward Light in Transparent Non‐Hermitian Systems
Authors: Zhang Lingxuan , Ying Lei , Ge Li , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wenfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of fast forward and backward light pulse propagation in effectively transparent non‐Hermitian photonic systems is reported. Specifically, the propagation eigenmodes are analyzed in several parity‐time‐symmetric coupled waveguides. In contrast to a previous finding that showed slow light due to an exceptional point in such systems, a critical point in its close proximity that displays a diverging dispersion is identified. Superluminal light pulse propagation in the forward and backward directions is then found and observed numerically on the two sides of the critical point, respectively. This abnormal phenomenon can be understood by a conservation relation of group velocities, which can be extended to other transparent non‐Hermitian photonic systems with different symmetries. More importantly, the abrupt transition across the critical point between the fast forward and backward light can be tuned, indicating the possibility of detecting atom‐scale movement of the waveguides with little time delay. In addition, bandwidth broadening and a passive superluminal propagation configuration are discussed.
Genotype–Phenotype Relations for the Atypical Parkinsonism Genes: MDSGene Systematic Review
Authors: Wittke Christina , Petkovic Sonja , Dobricic Valerija , Schaake Susen ,   MDS‐endorsed PSP Study Group, Respondek Gesine , Weissbach Anne , Madoev Harutyun , Trinh Joanne , Vollstedt Eva‐Juliane , Kuhnke Neele , Lohmann Katja , Dulovic Mahlow Marija , Marras Connie , König Inke R. , Stamelou Maria , Bonifati Vincenzo , Lill Christina M. , Kasten Meike , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Höglinger Günter , Klein Christine 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis Movement Disorder Society Genetic mutation database Systematic Review focuses on monogenic atypical parkinsonism with mutations in the ATP13A2, DCTN1, DNAJC6, FBXO7, SYNJ1, and VPS13C genes. We screened 673 citations and extracted genotypic and phenotypic data for 140 patients (73 families) from 77 publications. In an exploratory fashion, we applied an automated classification procedure via an ensemble of bootstrap‐aggregated (“bagged”) decision trees to distinguish these 6 forms of monogenic atypical parkinsonism and found a high accuracy of 86.5% (95%CI, 86.3%–86.7%) based on the following 10 clinical variables: age at onset, spasticity and pyramidal signs, hypoventilation, decreased body weight, minimyoclonus, vertical gaze palsy, autonomic symptoms, other nonmotor symptoms, levodopa response quantification, and cognitive decline. Comparing monogenic atypical with monogenic typical parkinsonism using 2063 data sets from Movement Disorder Society Genetic mutation database on patients with SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ‐1 mutations, the age at onset was earlier in monogenic atypical parkinsonism (24 vs 40 years; P = 1.2647 × 10−12) and levodopa response less favorable than in patients with monogenic typical presentations (49% vs 93%). In addition, we compared monogenic to nonmonogenic atypical parkinsonism using data from 362 patients with progressive supranuclear gaze palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although these conditions share many clinical features with the monogenic atypical forms, they can typically be distinguished based on their later median age at onset (64 years; IQR, 57–70 years). In conclusion, age at onset, presence of specific signs, and degree of levodopa response inform differential diagnostic considerations and genetic testing indications in atypical forms of parkinsonism. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Acute Effects of Temperature, pH, and Suspended Solids on Antioxidant and Digestive Enzyme Activities and Stress-Response Gene Expressions in the Boring Giant Clam Tridacna crocea
Authors: Ma Shaobo , Qin Geng , Zhang Bo , Li Chunyan , Fang Shaobin , Yin Jianping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the acute effects of three key environmental factors (temperature, pH, and suspended solids) on the physiology of the boring giant clam Tridacna crocea. Single-factor experiments for a duration time of 10 h showed that high thermal stress (25 [control], 28, and 30°C), water acidification (pH 8.0 [control], 7.5, and 7.0), and suspended solids (no sands [control], or coral sand with grain size either 0.1 or 0.5 mm) all increased the mRNA expressions of heat-shock-protein genes and apoptosis-related genes, respectively, in the gills of giant clams. Both water acidification and suspended solids also up-regulated lactic acid dehydrogenase and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme activities. There was no significant variation among the different treatment conditions in the digestive enzyme (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) activities in the hepatopancreas of giant clams, except that significant higher lipase activities were observed in those that were exposed to 28°C and pH 7.0. The present results imply that temperature, pH, and suspended solids are important environmental conditions that affect the physiology of giant clams during large-scale artificial breeding.
Meanings and practices of the physical activity engaged in by Moroccan women in an Islamic urban environment: A quasi‐ethnography
Authors: Rubio‐Rico Lourdes , de Molina‐Fernández Inmaculada , Font‐Jiménez Isabel , Roca‐Biosca Alba 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo understand the meanings and practices of the physical activity (PA) engaged in by Moroccan women in an Islamic urban environment.DesignQuasi‐ethnographical study.Methods13 semi‐structured interviews and 15 observation sessions of the PA engaged in by women.ResultsThe concept of PA fits into the holistic approach of Islam. The social and cultural conditions of those who regularly practise PA are diverse. The community collaborates to overcome difficulties involved with this practice. The flexibility of issues such as gender segregation and clothing, Islam as a stimulus for PA, health as a value, the promotion of a rights and duty‐based model for health care user, the community co‐creation of the PA offer, and the power of organized civil society could inspire new strategies for the promotion of PA among Muslim women in other contexts.
Soap operas will not wash for wildlife
Authors: Somerville Keith , Dickman Amy , Johnson Paul J. , Hart Adam G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Natural history documentaries are a globally important source of information about wildlife, conservation and environmental issues, and they are the closest many will get to seeing featured animals and their behaviour in the wild. They are entertainment, certainly, but may also inform people's knowledge of the natural world and influence their ideas on conservation of species and habitats. We locate our perspective in the existing literature analysing wildlife documentary making and its effects.

We argue that a conspicuous pre‐occupation with the ‘personalisation’ of individual animals and the injection of false jeopardy in recent wildlife documentaries leads to significant misinformation and creates problems for public understanding of wider conservation.

We illustrate our point by detailing episodes from the BBC natural history series Dynasties, discussing personalisation, anthropomorphism and the use of jeopardy to gain emotive impact and audience engagement. We find that narratives are framed around a single individual, that ‘stories’ are framed as soap operas, that jeopardy is emphasised throughout and that animals are endowed with the capacity to be aware of, and work towards, the dynasties of the title.

With conservation increasingly relying on public support, we argue that it is important that people are presented with factually correct information, and portraying wild animals as soap opera style characters is neither honest nor helpful.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Synergistic effects of polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquid‐doped sepiolite in intumescent flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Li Xin , Liang Dong , Hu Zhiyong , He Jilai , Bian Xiangcheng , Cui Jianlan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquid‐doped sepiolite (SEP‐PIL) was prepared by electrostatically immobilizing phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) on natural sepiolite embedded with imidazolium cations (SEP‐IL), and its structural properties were fully characterized by various methods. Furthermore, a new intumescent flame‐retardant system (IFR) for high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was constructed by adding SEP‐PIL into conventional HDPE/IFR composites. The retardant properties and thermal decomposition behaviors were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the HDPE composite containing 24 wt% IFR and 1 wt% SEP‐PIL passed UL‐94V‐0 rating, and the limiting oxygen index increased from 17.8% (pure HDPE) to 27.6%. In addition, the HDPE/IFR/SEP‐PIL composite had lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) compared to the HDPE/IFR composite. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the combination of SEP‐PIL with IFR could greatly promote the formation of residual chars. Dynamic rheological measurement further confirmed that the synergistic effect of SEP‐PIL and IFR could greatly improve the flame retardancy of HDPE/IFR/SEP‐PIL composites.
Green recycling of aluminum plastic packaging waste by solid‐state shear milling and 3D printing for thermal conductive composites
Authors: Wei Baojie , Yang Shuangqiao , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAluminum‐plastic packaging is a multilayer material composed of polymer and aluminum, which has been applied in food, medical, and other fields, due to the excellent fresh‐keeping and barrier performance. However, it is difficult to recycle aluminum‐plastic packaging waste (APPW) due to the complicated components and the low value of reclaim products. This paper reports a green way to recycle the APPW by solid‐state shear milling (S3M) technology and then fabricate APPW/expandable graphite (EG) composite parts with high thermal conductivity by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. After the S3M treatment, the ultrafine APPW powder with the size of 7 ~ 8 um was obtained, and it showed excellent processibility and the APPW/EG composite parts were successfully processed by FDM technology. The APPW/EG three‐dimensional (3D) printed parts showed excellent mechanical and heat transfer performance along the stretch direction (0°), where the tensile strength and thermal conductivity reached 13.58 MPa and 2.71 W/mK for APPW/EG (80/20) composites, respectively, much higher than those of pure APPW composite (7.71 MPa and 0.62 W/mK). Theoretical calculations showed that the interfacial thermal resistances of APPW/EG 3D printed parts with aligned fillers were lower than other samples. Furthermore, the APPW/EG composites with 20 wt.% EG loading showed a low electrical conductivity of 10−10 S/cm because the oxidation layer was formed on the surface of Al flakes during the S3M process, which can be used in the thermally conductive insulating field. The new strategy presented in this work provides a new sight to recycle APPW for value‐add material.
Quality of life in caregivers of patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy
Authors: Barata Anna , Hoogland Aasha I. , Hyland Kelly A. , Otto Amy K. , Kommalapati Anuhya , Jayani Reena V. , Irizarry‐Arroyo Nathaly , Collier Aaron , Rodriguez Yvelise , Welniak Taylor L. , Booth‐Jones Margaret , Logue Jennifer , Small Brent J. , Jain Michael D. , Reblin Maija , Locke Frederick L. , Jim Heather S. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveInformal family caregivers provide critical support for patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy. However, caregivers' experiences are largely unstudied. This study examined quality of life (QOL; physical functioning, pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression), caregiving burden, and treatment‐related distress in caregivers in the first 6 months after CAR T‐cell therapy, when caregivers were expected to be most involved in providing care. Relationships between patients' clinical course and caregiver outcomes were also explored.MethodsCaregivers completed measures examining QOL and burden before patients' CAR T‐cell therapy and at days 90 and 180. Treatment‐related distress was assessed at days 90 and 180. Patients' clinical variables were extracted from medical charts. Change in outcomes was assessed using means and 99% confidence intervals. Association of change in outcomes with patient clinical variables was assessed with backward elimination analysis.ResultsA total of 99 caregivers (mean age 59, 73% female) provided data. Regarding QOL, pain was significantly higher than population norms at baseline but improved by day 180 (p < .01). Conversely, anxiety worsened over time (p < .01). Caregiver burden and treatment‐related distress did not change over time. Worsening caregiver depression by day 180 was associated with lower patient baseline performance status (p < .01). Worse caregiver treatment‐related distress at day 180 was associated with lower performance status, intensive care unit admission, and lack of disease response at day 90 (ps < 0.01).ConclusionsSome CAR T‐cell therapy caregivers experience pain, anxiety, and burden, which may be associated patients' health status. Further research is warranted regarding the experience of CAR T‐cell therapy caregivers.