bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise equilibrium structure of thiazole (c-C3H3NS) from twenty-four isotopologues
Authors: Esselman Brian J. , Zdanovskaia Maria A. , Owen Andrew N. , Stanton John F. , Woods R. Claude , McMahon Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

The pure rotational spectrum of thiazole (c-C3H3NS, Cs) has been studied in the millimeter-wave region from 130 to 375 GHz. Nearly 4800 newly measured rotational transitions for the ground vibrational state of the main isotopologue were combined with previously reported measurements and least-squares fit to a complete sextic Hamiltonian. Transitions for six singly substituted heavy-atom isotopologues (13C, 15N, 33S, 34S) were observed at natural abundance and likewise fit. Several deuterium-enriched samples were prepared, which gave access to the rotational spectra of 16 additional isotopologues, 14 of which had not been previously studied. The rotational spectra of each isotopologue were fit to A- and S-reduced distorted-rotor Hamiltonians in the Ir representation. The experimental values of the ground-state rotational constants (A0, B0, and C0) from each isotopologue were converted to determinable constants (A0″, B0″, and C0″), which were corrected for effects of vibration–rotation interactions and electron-mass distributions using coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples calculations [CCSD(T)/cc-pCVTZ]. The moments of inertia from the resulting constants (Ae, Be, and Ce) of 24 isotopologues were used to determine the precise semi-experimental equilibrium structure (reSE) of thiazole. As a basis for comparison, a purely theoretical equilibrium structure was estimated by an electronic structure calculation [CCSD(T)/cc-pCV5Z] that was subsequently corrected for extrapolation to the complete basis set, electron correlation beyond CCSD(T), relativistic effects, and the diagonal Born–Oppenheimer correction. The precise reSE structure is compared to the resulting “best theoretical estimate” structure. Some, but not all, of the best theoretical re structural parameters fall within the narrow statistical limits (2σ) of the reSE results. The possible origin of the discrepancies between the best theoretical estimate re and semi-empirical reSE structures is discussed.
Productivity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions and the adverse impact of high token frequency
Authors: Van Wettere Niek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the productivity of the subject complement slot in a set of French and Dutch (semi-)copular micro-constructions. The presumed counterpart of productivity, conventionalization in the form of high token frequency, will also be taken into account in the analysis of the productivity complex. On the one hand, it will be shown that prototypical copulas generally have a higher productivity than semi-copulas, although there are some semi-copulas that can rival the productivity of prototypical copulas. On the other hand, it will be demonstrated that high token frequency is in general detrimental to productivity, on the level of the entire subject complement slot and on the level of the different semantic classes. However, the shape of the frequency distribution also seems to play a role: multiple highly frequent types are in my data more detrimental to productivity than one extremely frequent type, although the semantic connectedness of the types in the distribution might also be an explanatory factor.
Proof of concept of a fast surrogate model of the VMEC code via neural networks in Wendelstein 7-X scenarios
Authors: Merlo Andrea , Böckenhoff Daniel , Schilling Jonathan , Höfel Udo , Kwak Sehyun , Svensson Jakob , Pavone Andrea , Lazerson Samuel Aaron , Pedersen Thomas Sunn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In magnetic confinement fusion research, the achievement of high plasma pressure is key to reaching the goal of net energy production. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is used to self-consistently calculate the effects the plasma pressure induces on the magnetic field used to confine the plasma. Such MHD calculations—usually done computationally—serve as input for the assessment of a number of important physics questions. The variational moments equilibrium code (VMEC) is the most widely used to evaluate 3D ideal-MHD equilibria, as prominently present in stellarators. However, considering the computational cost, it is rarely used in large-scale or online applications (e.g. Bayesian scientific modeling, real-time plasma control). Access to fast MHD equilibria is a challenging problem in fusion research, one which machine learning could effectively address. In this paper, we present artificial neural network (NN) models able to quickly compute the equilibrium magnetic field of Wendelstein 7-X. Magnetic configurations that extensively cover the device operational space, and plasma profiles with volume-averaged normalized plasma pressure ⟨β⟩ (β =

2

μ

0

p

B

2

) up to 5% and non-zero net toroidal current are included in the data set. By using convolutional layers, the spectral representation of the magnetic flux surfaces can be efficiently computed with a single network. To discover better models, a Bayesian hyper-parameter search is carried out, and 3D convolutional NNs are found to outperform feed-forward fully-connected NNs. The achieved normalized root-mean-squared error, the ratio between the regression error and the spread of the data, ranges from 1% to 20% across the different scenarios. The model inference time for a single equilibrium is on the order of milliseconds. Finally, this work shows the feasibility of a fast NN drop-in surrogate model for VMEC, and it opens up new operational scenarios where target applications could make use of magnetic equilibria at unprecedented scales.
Effect of Reaction Time on the Morphology of CuO Nanostructured Electrode for Pseudocapacitor Application
Authors: Orgen Salvacion B. , Balela Mary Donnabelle L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
CuO nanostructured electrodes were successfully synthesized via a chemical bath deposition at room temperature for pseudocapacitor application. Changing the reaction time leads to the formation of different morphological nanostructures such as uniformed nanoneedles, nanotubes, nanosheets, and microflowers during oxidation. The electrodes were electrochemically characterized via cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge using 6 M KOH electrolyte at different scan rates of 2-50 mV/s and current densities of 2-5 mA/cm2, respectively. The electrodes exhibited good electrochemical performance with specific capacitance ranging from 88-231 mF/cm2 at 2 mV/s.
Economic Evaluation of a Time of Use Tariff for the Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sector in Cortés, Honduras
Authors: García Febe , Escobar Gretta , Villatoro Héctor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The implementation of a time of use (TOU) tariff is a new stage, resulting from the modernization of the electric subsector in Honduras. The economic repercussions of a TOU tariff for the residential, commercial, and industrial sector are currently unknown. In this investigation, a TOU tariff will be compared to a fixed tariff through the calculation and comparison of electric bills, establishing in this way, which tariff is more convenient for the consumer. The electricity consumption data was obtained from two different circuits for each consumption sector. These were processed to know the monthly consumption. The prices for the TOU tariff were obtained by extrapolating the prices established in a 2016 tariff schedule for each of the tariff categories. The results have shown that the implementation of a TOU tariff would represent an average saving for the residential sector of 28.635% and for the industrial sector of 5.405% compared to a fixed tariff. On the other hand, in the commercial sector an average increase of 0.38% has been identified. This investigation aims to be used as a reference to get the consumers of each consumption sector to know the impact they would have on their bills with a TOU tariff.
Rapidly expanding lake heatwaves under climate change
Authors: Woolway R Iestyn , Anderson Eric J , Albergel Clément 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lake heatwaves—prolonged periods of hot surface water temperature in lakes—have recently been shown to increase in intensity and duration, with numerous potential implications for aquatic ecosystems. However, an important physical attribute of lake heatwaves that has not yet been investigated is their spatial extent, and how it varies within a warming world. Here, we show that the spatial extent of lake heatwaves, defined as contiguous regions within a lake that simultaneously experience extreme warm conditions, is increasing in the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, The Laurentian Great Lakes. We show that the maximum spatial extent of lake heatwaves is sensitive to inter-annual variations in winter ice cover and the timing of stratification onset in spring. Notably, we find that a lengthening of the warm summer season and, in turn, an overall increase in surface water temperature, stimulates the development of larger lake heatwaves. On average, our results suggest that the mean spatial extent of lake heatwaves has increased two-fold since 1995. We anticipate this rapid expansion of lake heatwaves to have widespread implications for heat-related impacts on aquatic species.
A review on the contemporary innovations & advancements in the field of green concrete
Authors: Saran Divyam , Singh Sanjeew K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Waste management and environmental preservation are some of the hot topics the world is trying to address today. In the pursuit to achieve these goals, researchers and stakeholders all over the globe are researching and developing sustainable technologies. In the area of the construction industry, concrete is considered to be one of the most dynamic construction materials ever developed and utilized practically, and thus concrete is hugely utilized in construction practices all over the world. With the growing demand in infrastructure because of the increase in the global population, concrete would be needed to be produced in billions of tons. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is considered to be the main binder of concrete. It leads to approximately 8% of the global carbon dioxide emission contributed by human beings. Also, the production of concrete has led to a huge danger on natural deposits of raw materials. Thus, the growing demand for concrete and its sustainability-related issues have made it critical for researchers to consider other alternatives for concrete production, where OPC and aggregates can either be partially or fully replaced as the main binding material of concrete. One such highly anticipated alternative is green concrete. The paper highlights contemporary innovations & advancements in the field of green concrete by exploring the various advantages one can achieve by utilizing alternative binding materials such as alkali-activated binders, supplementary cementitious materials, and recycled materials like wastewater in concrete. The incorporation of these alternative and more sustainable materials into concrete not only helps us to achieve the aim of green buildings and environmental conservation, but research has shown that the incorporation of these alternatives also leads to the enhanced properties of concrete as compared to the conventional one. Even if we explore the economic aspects of utilizing these alternatives, the new binders are found to be having better results than the conventional ones.
Seismic Assessment of a Hospital Building: A Case Study
Authors: Hooda Yaman , Goyal Pradeep K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Presently, the occurrence of frequent earthquakes worldwide is becoming a noteworthy problem. Hospital buildings are one of the important structures in the living society as they aid to be the caring as well as curing unit in the human society whenever any hazardous situation arises. There are three components of a hospital building including Structural Component, Non – Structural Component and Functional Component, which directly or indirectly affects the operation and the management of the hospital building. Each time, if any portion of the world experiences any causality: Natural or Non – Natural, a good amount of damage and destruction is experienced. Hospital buildings plays a dynamic role in such situations: 1. Treating the victims and injured people, and 2. Act as a temporary accommodation for those people who lost their homes in the hazards. Therefore, the hospital buildings should be designed and constructed to have adequate stiffness and strength to not only withstand the disaster, but also can be used as a shelter or accommodation units during post – disaster conditions. This study includes the analysis of a hospital building located in the North – Eastern Region of high seismicity. The existing hospital structure is analyzed for determination of the weak structural members. The Northern Region of India falls in the Zone IV of Earthquake According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India. The analysis tool considered for determining the behaviour of hospital building when subjected to seismic forces is ETABS 2019. The analysis considered for determining the effect of the lateral forces on the hospital building is Pushover Analysis. Indian Standard Codal Provisions of IS 1893: 2016 has been considered while applying the different loading conditions on the hospital building. Later, different materials for bracing have been compared to determine the best possible material or section for the hospital building to resist the seismic forces. After the conduction of the study, it as been observed that angle section of different dimensions of the legs are found to be the most efficient section.
Comparison of response of building against wind load as per wind codes [IS 875 – (Part 3) – 1987] and [IS 875 – (Part 3) – 2015]
Authors: Suthar Naveen , Goyal Pradeep K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A comparison of wind loads to make a G+11 building in staad and design the building against wind load is presented in this paper. The importance of this study is to calculate the wind load for a structure by the two different wind loading code and compare them for better analysis. In the present scenario high rise structures have advantages in the populous area and to make more space to live and provide better accommodation in the highly populated area around the world. To make the building cost-effective and proper design should have to do for more area for living purpose and reduce the cost of structure and safety of structure should be considered in this design. In recent times, there had been so many catastrophic damages caused by high wind speed in the coastal regions of India which prove that many buildings that are currently in use are not fully wind resistant. In this paper, we have calculated the wind load using the static method by the old code [IS: 875 – (Part 3) – 1987] and as per the new code [IS: 875 – (Part 3) – 2015] for zone 4 with terrain category 3 and the building is analyzed using STAAD PRO Software. The aim of this paper is comparing the deflection and storey shear on the G+11 building by the previous and new IS 875 code.
Reliability based design of Standing Seam Metal Roofing System
Authors: Koshy Mini 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Safety of metal roof is vital to the survival of steel buildings in cyclone. Loss of weather protection will lead to water damage to building interiors. In order to protect the roof cladding, it is essential to enhance the hold down capacity of the panel connectors, especially at the edge zones. In through fastened roof system, this is achieved by reducing the screw spacing at the critical zones. But it is not possible to reduce the connector spacing in Standing Seam Metal Roofing (SSMR) system, as it is limited by the panel width. Experimental studies have been made to systematically study the performance of a standing seam metal roof system in the event of wind uplift. The safety of current construction practice has been examined by a reliability analysis of the experimental results. A reliability analysis is carried out using the non-uniformity of wind pressure on roof surface. Critical zones are identified based on reliability index values. Redesign is suggested by varying the halter length and reducing purlin spacing, based on the concept of ‘adjustable halter length in critical zones.
Drainage Morphometric Analysis of Shope watershed, Rift Valley, Ethiopia: Remote sensing and GIS-based approach
Authors: Jothimani Muralitharan , Abebe Abel , Duraisamy Radhakrishnan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The quantitative drainage morphometric analysis at the watershed level is essential for understanding its geo-hydrological nature. Drainage morphometric evaluation has been conducted to identify the predominant geological divergence, topographical details, structural arrangement, and interrelationship in the Shope watershed Rift Valley, Ethiopia. The Remote Sensing Data and Geographical Information System (GIS) tools have delineated the Shope Watershed and calculated various morphometric attributes. The Shope watershed exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern very clearly. The watershed’s drainage pattern also suggested that the region lacked geological structural control over the drainage pattern growth. Shope watershed is categorized as a 5th order drainage watershed. The bifurcation ratio ranges between 1.11 and 2.28 (with an average of 1.72) between various stream orders. Low bifurcation values area is more prone to flooding. Mean drainage length and length ratio values indicating the present study area’s undulating topography and steep slope. The Shope watershed’s circularity and elongation ratio values are 0.7 and 0.63. Both values indicate that the present watershed is elongated and has steep slopes, and more prone to erosion and flooding. The higher drainage density values 6.75 km/km2 indicating low infiltration and high runoff. The Shope watershed’s relative relief value is 1757 m, and this high value indicating the study area’s proneness to the flooding and soil erosion. The results of the current drainage morphometric analysis of the Shope watershed are essential for assessing and managing soil and water resources and selecting suitable sites for artificial recharge structures and soil conservation structures for future soil and water management in the present study area.
Smart Parking Management System
Authors: Krishna Chaitanya Vemula , Sri Harsha Mamidi , Maneesh Kumar Lanka , Rahul Vankadari , Goutham Kumar Reddy Palem , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The demand for parking and security has increased in public areas which led us to bring this system into existence. The presented system guides the user to find a free parking slot without any effort and keeps the vehicle secure. Arduino-based systems control the movement of the toll gate to permits entry and exit vehicles to and through parking spaces. A camera in front captures the image of a vehicle passing through the toll gate and automatically stores the number plate text of a vehicle and other essential information like time and the parking slot, which is preserved in the database for security purposes. The system consists of a display that guides a user to a free parking slot. The systems also have a feature to send alerts to registered users.
Safety Enhancement of Unsignalized Intersection Using Microsimulation and Surrogate Safety Measures
Authors: Mohamed Hasain N , Ali Ahmed Mokaddes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Road safety is deteriorating due to the complex driver behaviour in the road network, especially in developing countries like India. Surrogate safety measures for traffic safety assessment is getting attention due to their advantages over traffic accident data. The time-based proximal indicator, Post-Encroachment Time (PET), have been used in this study. Two unsignalized intersections were simulated using VISSIM with proper calibration and validation. The effectiveness of various preventive measures was tested using the simulated model. It was found that implementing a raised table in the major road is increasing the safety of the intersection by increasing the PET value.
Effect of different types of Waste as Binder on Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete: A Review
Authors: Sikder Ankita , Saha Purnachandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Large amount of waste ash are produced by various industries. Some of the major waste ashes produces by industries include fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Red mud (RM), ferrochrome slag (FS), Metakaolin (MK). Waste ashes also include agricultural residues like rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA)andpalm oil fuel ash (POFA). These waste ashes plays an enormous challenge while it comes to the dumping of these materials. On other hand, conventional cement concrete consumes huge amount of cement which generates huge amount of CO2 during the production phase. To overcome these problems, utilization of these waste materials is necessary. Thus geopolymer concrete has been developed as a substitute to conventional cement concrete, where alkali activators react with the binder along with fine and coarse aggregates. The binder for geopolymer concrete can be any industrial or agricultural wastes which are rich in silica and alumina that collectively not only lead to the reduction in the environment pollution and waste management problem but also in enhancement of the properties of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to review the durability performance (like Sorptivity, Water absorption, Acid attack, Chloride attack, Wetting-drying cycles) of geopolymer concrete utilizing waste materials like FA, GGBFS, MK, VA, POFA, RM, FS, SBA and RHAetc. as binder to determine its suitability in the construction industry. The durability of geopolymer concrete utilizing fly ash and slags as binder have shown good resistance than other binder combinations and therefore proves to be better replacement to the conventional cement concrete.
Effect of Wood-Ash as Partial Replacement to Cement on Performance of Concrete
Authors: Vijay Kunamineni , Hari Babu Korrakuti , Vidya Indrasena Yarlagadda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Concrete is a mixer of various materials. These materials include water, cement, and aggregates respectively. The making of cement produces enormousquantity of greenhouse emissions. There is a need to develop substitute materials for cement. It reduces both greenhouse emissions and the cost of concrete. In this work, an endeavor has been made to utilize wood-ash as a substitute material to cement. The effect of wood-ash as a alternative to cement on the performance of concrete has been studied. Wood is a sustainable source for energy and eco-amiable material. The cement has been replaced with wood ash by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and studied for the performance of concrete. Results confirm that the wood-ash addition as a partial alternative to cement improves the overall performance of concrete.