bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and safety of radical prostatectomy for oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer: the Testing Radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer and oligo‐Metastases to the bone (TRoMbone) trial
Authors: Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Wilson Caroline , Rombach Ines , Hassanali Neelam , Aning Jonathan , D. Lamb Alastair , Cathcart Paul , Eden Christopher , Ahmad Imran , Rajan Prabhakar , Sridhar Ashwin , Bryant Richard J. , Elhage Oussama , Cook Jonathan , Leung Hing , Soomro Naeem , Kelly John , Nathan Senthil , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo test the feasibility of randomisation to radical prostatectomy (RP) plus pelvic lymphadenectomy in addition to standard‐of‐care (SOC) systemic therapy in men with newly diagnosed oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsA prospective, randomised, non‐blinded, feasibility clinical trial with an embedded QuinteT Recruitment Intervention (QRI) to optimise recruitment was conducted in nine nationwide tertiary care centres undertaking high‐volume robotic surgery. We aimed to randomise 50 men with synchronous oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer within an 18‐month recruitment period to SOC systemic therapy vs SOC plus RP (intervention arm). The main outcome measures were: ability to randomise patients, optimised by a QRI; EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaires to capture quality‐of‐life (QoL) data at baseline and 3 months post‐randomisation; routine clinicopathological assessment to capture adverse events and prostate‐specific antigen in both arms, plus standard perioperative parameters in the surgical arm.ResultsA total of 51 men were randomised within 14 months (one was subsequently deemed ineligible), with 60–83% accrual rate in centres that recruited at least two patients. All patients completed the trial follow‐up; one patient in the intervention arm subsequently did not undergo the surgical intervention and one in the SOC arm refused all therapies. The QRI positively impacted recruitment. QoL data showed similarly high functioning in both study arms. Surgery for men with oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer was found to be safe and had similar impact on early functional outcomes as surgery for standard indication.ConclusionIt is feasible to randomise men with synchronous oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer to a surgical intervention in addition to standard systemic therapies. While surgery appeared safe with no substantial impact on QoL in this feasibility study, a large randomised controlled trial is now warranted to examine treatment effectiveness of this additional component in the multimodality management of oligo‐metastatic prostate cancer.
Litter‐trapping tank bromeliads in five different forests: Carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes
Authors: Aguilar‐Cruz Yonatan , García‐Franco José G. , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBromeliads are the most abundant litter‐trapping plants in Neotropical forest canopies. By intercepting litter, bromeliads obtain and retain nutrients before they reach the pedosphere. Here, we analyzed the litter captured and stored by tank bromeliads (TB) in five different forests along an elevation gradient in Mexico. Among those forests, carbon and nutrient pools and nitrogen fluxes in TB were estimated in a mangrove (MF) and a semi‐deciduous tropical forest (SDTF). The composition of the litter trapped by TB along the gradient was similar to forest litterfall and was mainly composed of leaves. Most of the litter was captured in the dry season, and we found a significant effect of projected plant area and the interaction between month and site on bromeliad litter capture. Moreover, litter stored in TB increased exponentially with projected plant area and differed between three studied bromeliad species. In the MF (with ca. 2,700 TB ha−1), barely ca. 1% of annual litterfall is trapped by these plants, but even in the SDTF, with >10,000 TB ha−1, only ca. 2.4% is captured. We found that carbon and nitrogen pools in TB were small and represented <1% of the carbon and nitrogen stored in forest aboveground biomass. Furthermore, the residence time of litter trapped in TB was similar to that of litter on the forest floor. In the light of our results, we conclude that in the studied forests, the effect of TB on the forest carbon and nutrient cycle is negligible.Abstract in Spain is available with online material.
Frequency of guideline‐defined cow's milk allergy symptoms in infants: Secondary analysis of EAT trial data
Authors: Vincent Rosie , MacNeill Stephanie J. , Marrs Tom , Craven Joanna , Logan Kirsty , Flohr Carsten , Lack Gideon , Radulovic Suzana , Perkin Michael R. , Ridd Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐IgE‐mediated Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA) has a prevalence of less than 1% in children. Guidelines developed to help non‐specialists diagnose CMA may lead to misattribution of normal symptoms and contribute to overdiagnosis of CMA. We sought to establish the frequency of symptoms during infancy associated with non‐IgE‐mediated CMA, using the international Milk Allergy in Primary Care (iMAP) guideline as representative of CMA guidelines more generally.MethodSecondary analysis of the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 14254740; 1303 exclusively breastfed 3‐month‐old healthy infants). Key outcomes were ≥2 iMAP symptoms associated with ‘mild‐moderate’ and ‘severe’ non‐IgE‐mediated CMA.ResultsWhilst breastfeeding and parental atopy rates were higher than the general population, participants were otherwise similar to the population of England and Wales. Two or more non‐IgE CMA symptoms were reported by 25% families for mild‐moderate and 1.4% for severe symptoms each month between ages 3 and 12 months, peaking at 38% with ≥2 mild‐moderate and 4.3% ≥2 severe symptoms at three months, when participants were not directly consuming cow's milk. 74% of participants reported ≥2 mild‐moderate symptoms and 9% ≥2 severe symptoms in at least one month during this period. At six months there was no evidence of difference in the proportion of children with ≥2 symptoms between those consuming (29.5% mild‐moderate, 1.8% severe) and not consuming cow's milk (35.3% mild‐moderate, 2.2% severe). Mean monthly reporting of ≥2 symptoms was also no different between those with (15.8% mild‐moderate, 1.1% severe) or without eczema at baseline (16.7% mild‐moderate, 1.3% severe).ConclusionsGuideline‐defined symptoms of non‐IgE‐mediated CMA are very common in infants. Guidelines may promote milk allergy overdiagnosis by labelling normal infant symptoms as possible milk allergy.
The association between adrenal adenoma size, autonomous cortisol secretion and metabolic derangements
Authors: Bleier Jonathan , Pickovsky Jana , Apter Sara , Fishman Boris , Dotan Zohar , Tirosh Amir , Shlomai Gadi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAutonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) is common in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). ACS is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Data regarding the association between radiological characteristics of adrenal adenomas, their hormonal functionality and metabolic outcomes, are scarce and inconclusive. In this study, we aim to delineate the association between radiological characteristics of AI, ACS and metabolic status.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 77 patients with AI who underwent a comprehensive hormonal evaluation. Radiological assessments were performed by an independent radiologist blinded to the clinical and hormonal phenotype of each case. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between post dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol levels, metabolic indices and radiological measurements.ResultsMean maximal adenoma diameter was greater in patients with versus without ACS (20.35 ± 6 vs. 27.09 ± 9.3 mm, respectively, p < .01). Maximal adenoma diameter was found to be positively and linearly correlated with post‐DST morning cortisol levels across their entire range (R = .474, p < .01). Linear correlations between maximal adenoma diameter and indices of glycemic control showed a correlation coefficient (R) of .481 and .463 for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), respectively, p < .01. When analysis included only patients with ACS, an R = .584 and R = .565 was observed for FPG and HbA1c, respectively (p < .01 for both). The association between maximal adenoma diameter and both FPG and post‐DST morning cortisol intensified in patients with metabolic syndrome.ConclusionThere is a quantitative positive mild correlation between AI size and both cortisol autonomy and metabolic parameters.
Online survey on factors influencing patients' motivation to undergo bariatric surgery
Authors: Widmer Jeannette , Gero Daniel , Sommerhalder Barbara , Alceste Daniela , Raguz Ivana , Serra Michele , Vonlanthen René , Bueter Marco , Thalheimer Andreas 
Published: December 2021

SummaryGiven the worldwide increasing prevalence of severe obesity and considering the amount of scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery (BS), it is surprising that only a fraction of patients with obesity undergo BS. We therefore conducted an anonymized online survey among individuals with a history of BS to understand factors influencing the deciding process leading to BS. Respondents were recruited on a voluntary basis from obesity‐related social media groups between April and June 2020. The self‐designed, non‐validated questionnaire consisted of 20 questions and was open to any participants with a history of BS. Of 851 participants who started the survey, 665 completed the questionnaire (completion rate of 78.1%). Five years after BS, still 70% of the survey‐participants were very satisfied or satisfied with the surgical result. However, the majority (73.3%) would have undergone BS earlier. The main motivation to choose BS was related to health status or quality of life. Important characteristics for a bariatric surgeon to obtain patients' trust are “taking time and listen” (74.7%), empathy (64%) and sympathy (56%). Post‐operative satisfaction with the surgical outcome was high and long‐lasting in this large cohort of BS patients. However, most participants would retrospectively have undergone BS earlier. The main reason to choose BS as treatment for their obesity were impaired physical health or reduced quality of life. Nearby location to patients' residence and availability of surgeons with empathy were decisive motives for bariatric centre selection.
Chylous ascites after complete mesocolic excision for right‐sided colon cancer with D3 lymphadenectomy: A retrospective cohort‐study
Authors: Sun Yanwu , Deng Yu , Lin Yu , Lin Huiming , Huang Ying , Jiang Weizhong , Chi Pan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis retrospective study was designed to evaluate risk factors of the occurrence and severity of chylous ascites after complete mesocolic excision (CME) and D3 lymphadenectomy in patients with right‐sided colon cancer.MethodsConsecutive patients receiving CME and D3 lymphadenectomy for right‐sided colon cancer were included. Risk factors of the occurrence and severity of chylous ascites by using logistic analysis were assessed. A nomogram predicting chylous ascites was constructed.ResultsAmong 661 patients included in the study, postoperative chylous ascites occurred in 48 (7.3%) patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prognostic nutritional index (PNI ≤ 47, OR = 2.172, p = 0.016), laparoscopic surgery (OR = 2.798, p = 0.034), operating time (>225 min, OR = 2.645, p = 0.002), and apical lymph node (APN) metastasis (OR = 3.698, p = 0.034) were correlated with the occurrence of postoperative chylous ascites. A nomogram predicting postoperative chylous ascites was constructed (C‐index 0.701). 31.2% (15/48) of patients with chylous ascites were resolved in more than 7 days. The number of retrieved lymph nodes (OR = 1.074, 95% CI: 1.002–1.152, p = 0.044) and PNI ≤ 47 (OR = 7.890, 95% CI: 1.224–50.869, p = 0.030) were independently predictive of prolonged chylous ascites resolution (≥7 days).ConclusionsIn our series, 7.3% of patients developed chylous ascites after right hemicolectomy with CME and D3 lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopic surgery, PNI, operation time, and APN metastasis were independently predictive of postoperative chylous ascites. Lower PNI and more retrieved lymph nodes were correlated with prolonged resolution of chylous ascites.
Biomechanical and musculoskeletal changes after flexor tenotomy to reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathic toe ulcer recurrence
Authors: Mens Marieke A. , van Netten Jaap J. , Busch‐Westbroek Tessa E. , Bus Sicco A. , Streekstra Geert J. , Wellenberg Ruud H. H. , Maas Mario , Nieuwdorp Max , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of flexor tenotomy in patients with diabetes on barefoot plantar pressure, toe joint angles and ulcer recurrence during patient follow‐up.MethodsPatients with a history of ulceration on the toe apex were included. They underwent minimally invasive needle flexor tenotomy by an experienced musculoskeletal surgeon. Dynamic barefoot plantar pressure measurements and static weight‐bearing radiographs were taken before and 2–4 weeks after the procedure.ResultsA total of 14 patients underwent flexor tenotomy on 50 toes in 19 feet. There was a mean follow‐up time of 11.4 months. No ulcer recurrence occurred during follow‐up. Mean barefoot plantar pressure was assessed on 34 toes and decreased significantly after the procedure by a mean 279 kPa (95% CI: 204–353;p < 0.001). Metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles were assessed on nine toes and all decreased significantly (by 7° [95% CI: 4–9;p < 0.001], 19° [95% CI: 11–26;p < 0.001] and 28° [95% CI: 13–44;p = 0.003], respectively).ConclusionThese observations show a beneficial effect of flexor tenotomy on biomechanical and musculoskeletal outcomes in the toes, without ulcer recurrence.
Utilization of a surgical database to provide care and assess perioperative treatment and outcomes in patients with bleeding disorders
Authors: Olasupo Omotola O. , Haddix Craig , Nakar Charles , Maahs Jennifer , Greist Anne , Ghafoor Azam , Donfield Sharyne M. , Iorio Alfonso , Shapiro Amy D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center (IHTC) surgical database, its key components, and exploratory analyses of surgeries conducted between 1998 and 2019.MethodsSurgical data across bleeding disorders collected retrospectively (1998–2006) and prospectively (2006–2019) were analyzed. Perioperative hemostasis, complications, and surgical plan deviations were compared by bleeding disorder diagnosis and data collection period.ResultsWithin the 21‐year period, 3246 procedures were conducted in 1413 patients with a diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWD), hemophilia A (HA), hemophilia B (HB), and other bleeding disorders. Majority of the procedures were minor (63.3%), and median number of surgeries per patient was 1 (range: 1–22). Adequate perioperative hemostasis was achieved in 90.9%, complications occurred in 13.6%, and surgical plan deviations occurred in 31.3% of procedures. Inadequate perioperative hemostasis and surgical plan deviations occurred more frequently in procedures involving HB compared with other bleeding disorders. Complications were not significantly different across bleeding disorders (p = .164). The prospective data collection period was associated with higher rates of hemostatic efficacy (92.4% vs. 88.3%; p < .001), complications (14.3% vs. 12.3%; p < .001), and plan deviations (34.2% vs. 25.1%; p < .001).ConclusionThe surgical database is an important resource in surgical management in patients with bleeding disorders. Further evaluation will facilitate use for the development of predictive models and principles of care.
Differential expression analyses reveal extensive transcriptional plasticity induced by temperature in New Zealand silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus)
Authors: Valenza‐Troubat Noemie , Davy Marcus , Storey Roy , Wylie Matthew J. , Hilario Elena , Ritchie Peter , Wellenreuther Maren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEctotherm species, such as marine fishes, depend on environmental temperature to regulate their vital functions. In finfish aquaculture production, being able to predict physiological responses in growth and other economic traits to temperature is crucial to address challenges inherent in the selection of grow‐out locations. This will become an even more significant issue under the various predicted future climate change scenarios. In this study, we used the marine teleost silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus), a species currently being explored as a candidate for aquaculture in New Zealand, as a model to study plasticity in gene expression patterns and growth in response to different temperatures. Using a captive study population, temperature conditions were experimentally manipulated for 1 month to mimic seasonal extremes. Phenotypic differences in growth were measured in 400 individuals, and gene expression patterns of pituitary gland and liver were determined in a subset of 100 individuals. Results showed that growth increased 50% in the warmer compared with the colder condition, suggesting that temperature has a large impact on metabolic activities associated with growth. A total of 265,116,678 single‐end RNA sequence reads were aligned to the trevally genome, and 28,416 transcript models were developed (27,887 of these had GenBank accessions, and 17,980 unique gene symbols). Further filtering reduced this set to 8597 gene models. 39 and 238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the pituitary gland and the liver, respectively (|log2FC| > 0.26, p‐value < 0.05). Of these, 6 DEGs showed a common expression pattern between both tissues, all involved in housekeeping functions. Temperature‐modulated growth responses were linked to major pathways affecting metabolism, cell regulation and signalling, previously shown to be important for temperature tolerance in other fish species. An interesting finding of this study was that genes linked to the reproductive system were up‐regulated in both tissues in the high treatment, indicating the onset of sexual maturation. Few studies have investigated the thermal plasticity of the gene expression in the main organs of the somatotropic axis simultaneously. Our findings indicate that trevally exhibit substantial growth differences and predictable plastic regulatory responses to different temperature conditions. We identified a set of genes that provide a list of candidates for further investigations for selective breeding objectives and how populations may adapt to increasing temperatures.
Bromide intoxication in a 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Sacks M. , Byrne D. P. , McConnell E. J. 
Published: December 2021

Summary
A 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly presented with a several‐month history of weight loss, polydipsia and polyuria, intermittent diarrhoea and behavioural changes and intermittently uncoordinated gait. Neurological examination revealed hyperexcitability, bilaterally reduced pupillary light reflexes and quadrilateral ataxia with proprioceptive deficits more obvious in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. A multifocal neurological lesion was suspected. The laboratory finding of a persistent hyperchloraemia and an apparent negative anion gap prompted measurement of serum bromide concentration and subsequently confirmed bromide intoxication. Further questioning of the trainer revealed that the filly had been administered oral potassium bromide for behavioural modification over several months. Clinical signs of bromide intoxication resolved within 20 days following the last bromide administration, without specific medical intervention. This case report describes the risk of inadvertent bromide overdosing in horses and highlights the need for control of bromide use in the equine industry.
What are policymakers waiting for? How trustworthy government can sooth tax instability and expenditure arrears
Authors: Arroja Ricardo , Camões Pedro J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTax policies and public spending reflect the taking and giving powers of the government. However, when thinking about these, the taking powers of government are perceived as the most prominent. Why is the government's relationship with society seemingly asymmetric in that give and take? What leads to these perceptions? This article's starting point is instability in corporate income taxes and government expenditure arrears as two features of poor fiscal governance associated with lower corporate investment in the market economy. The article then focuses on the political and technical relationships comprising budgetary governance and proposes feasible policy options. These policy options aim toward a path of corporate income tax stability and timely government payments through better balancing the give and take involved in running the government.
The efficacy of powered toothbrushes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomassen Tim M. J. A. , Van der Weijden Fridus G. A. , Slot Dagmar E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis systematic review and network meta‐analysis synthesizes the available clinical evidence concerning efficacy with respect to plaque scores following a brushing action with oscillating‐rotating (OR) or high‐frequency sonic (HFS) powered toothbrushes (PTB) compared with a manual toothbrush (MTB) as control.Material and methodsDatabases were searched up to 1 August 2021, for clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of a PTB with OR or HFS technology compared with an MTB on plaque removal after a single‐brushing action and conducted with healthy adult patients. Meta‐analysis (MA) and a network meta‐analysis (NMA) were performed.ResultsTwenty‐eight eligible publications, including 56 relevant comparisons, were retrieved. The overall NMA results for the mean post‐brushing score showed a statistically significant difference for the comparison between an OR PTB and an MTB (SMD = −0.43; 95% CI [−0.696;−0.171]). The change in plaque score data showed a significant effect of a PTB over an MTB and OR over HFS. Based on ranking, the OR PTB was highest, followed by the HFS PTB and the MTB.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study design, based on the outcome following a single‐brushing action, it can be concluded that for dental plaque removal, there is a high certainty for a small effect of a PTB over an MTB. This supports the recommendation to use a powered toothbrush for daily plaque removal. There is moderate certainty for a very small benefit for the use of a powered toothbrush with an OR over an HFS mode of action.
What evidence supports the use of Body Worn Cameras in mental health inpatient wards? A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the effects of Body Worn Cameras in public sector services
Authors: Wilson Keiran , Eaton Jessica , Foye Una , Ellis Madeleine , Thomas Ellen , Simpson Alan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBody‐Worn‐Cameras (BWCs) are being introduced into Mental Health Inpatient Units. At present, minimal evidence surrounding their use in a mental health environment exists. This review examined research on the uses of BWCs in public sector services including healthcare, public transportation, and law enforcement. All eligible studies included a visible BWC, recording on a continuous loop as the main intervention. The evidence base presented high levels of bias, highly varied camera protocols, and heterogeneity of outcome measurements. This review found there is limited evidence for the efficacy of BWCs to control and manage violence within mental health inpatient wards. The technology has shown to be effective in reducing the number of public complaints in a law enforcement setting, but it is unclear how this is achieved. It appears there may be potential beneficial uses and unintended consequences of BWCs yet to be explored by mental health services.