bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posturography as a biomarker of intravenous immunoglobulin efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Silsby Matthew , Yiannikas Con , Ng Karl , Kiernan Matthew C. , Fung Victor S. C. , Vucic Steve 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsImbalance is a common feature of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) exerts clinical benefit in CIDP, including improving balance, although objective markers of efficacy are lacking. Posturography is an established objective marker of balance; therefore, this study aimed to determine the utility of posturography as an objective marker of treatment efficacy in CIDP.MethodsPosturography was performed on 18 CIDP patients, established on IVIg infusions, and results were compared to age‐matched healthy controls. CIDP patients were assessed just prior to IVIg infusion and at the mid‐point of the cycle. Center of pressure (CoP) was measured and the total path traveled by CoP (Sway Path, SP) was calculated for five different conditions: feet placed in parallel 16 cm apart at the medial border with eyes open (16cmEO) and eyes closed (16cmEC); medial borders of the feet touching with eyes open (0cmEO) and eyes closed (0cmEC); and tandem stance.ResultsThe sway path (SP) was significantly increased in CIDP patients (mean SP 1191 ± 104 mm) when compared to healthy controls (mean SP 724 ± 26 mm, P < .001). The increase was most prominent during eyes closed and tandem stance conditions. Treatment with IVIg significantly reduced SP when assessing 0cmEC (1759 ± 324 mm vs. 1081 ± 134 mm, P = .019) and tandem stance (1775 ± 290 mm vs. 1152 ± 113 mm, P = .027).DiscussionPosturography detected significant improvements in balance following IVIg in CIDP patients established on maintenance therapy. As such, posturography may be considered an objective marker of treatment response in clinical management and therapeutic trials.
Muscle architecture is associated with muscle fat replacement in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Veeger Thom T. J. , van Zwet Erik W. , al Mohamad Diaa , Naarding Karin J. , van de Velde Nienke M. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Webb Andrew G. , Niks Erik H. , de Groot Jurriaan H. , Kan Hermien E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsDuchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD, respectively) are characterized by fat replacement of different skeletal muscles in a specific temporal order. Given the structural role of dystrophin in skeletal muscle mechanics, muscle architecture could be important in the progressive pathophysiology of muscle degeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of muscle architecture in the progression of fat replacement in DMD and BMD.MethodsWe assessed the association between literature‐based leg muscle architectural characteristics and muscle fat fraction from 22 DMD and 24 BMD patients. Dixon‐based magnetic resonance imaging estimates of fat fractions at baseline and 12 (only DMD) and 24 months were related to fiber length and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) using age‐controlled linear mixed modeling.ResultsDMD and BMD muscles with long fibers and BMD muscles with large PCSAs were associated with increased fat fraction. The effect of fiber length was stronger in muscles with larger PCSA.DiscussionMuscle architecture may explain the pathophysiology of muscle degeneration in dystrophinopathies, in which proximal muscles with a larger mass (fiber length × PCSA) are more susceptible, confirming the clinical observation of a temporal proximal‐to‐distal progression. These results give more insight into the mechanical role in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies. Ultimately, this new information can be used to help support the selection of current and the development of future therapies.
Inter‐subject stability and regional concentration estimates of 3D‐FID‐MRSI in the human brain at 7 T
Authors: Hangel Gilbert , Spurny‐Dworak Benjamin , Lazen Philipp , Cadrien Cornelius , Sharma Sukrit , Hingerl Lukas , Hečková Eva , Strasser Bernhard , Motyka Stanislav , Lipka Alexandra , Gruber Stephan , Brandner Christoph , Lanzenberger Rupert , Rössler Karl , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

PurposeRecently, a 3D‐concentric ring trajectory (CRT)‐based free induction decay (FID)‐MRSI sequence was introduced for fast high‐resolution metabolic imaging at 7 T. This technique provides metabolic ratio maps of almost the entire brain within clinically feasible scan times, but its robustness has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we have assessed quantitative concentration estimates and their variability in healthy volunteers using this approach.MethodsWe acquired whole‐brain 3D‐CRT‐FID‐MRSI at 7 T in 15 min with 3.4 mm nominal isometric resolution in 24 volunteers (12 male, 12 female, mean age 27 ± 6 years). Concentration estimate maps were calculated for 15 metabolites using internal water referencing and evaluated in 55 different regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain. Data quality, mean metabolite concentrations, and their inter‐subject coefficients of variation (CVs) were compared for all ROIs.ResultsOf 24 datasets, one was excluded due to motion artifacts. The concentrations of total choline, total creatine, glutamate, myo‐inositol, andN‐acetylaspartate in 44 regions were estimated within quality thresholds. Inter‐subject CVs (mean over 44 ROIs/minimum/maximum) were 9%/5%/19% for total choline, 10%/6%/20% for total creatine, 11%/7%/24% for glutamate, 10%/6%/19% for myo‐inositol, and 9%/6%/19% forN‐acetylaspartate.DiscussionWe defined the performance of 3D‐CRT‐based FID‐MRSI for metabolite concentration estimate mapping, showing which metabolites could be robustly quantified in which ROIs with which inter‐subject CVs expected. However, the basal brain regions and lesser‐signal metabolites in particular remain as a challenge due susceptibility effects from the proximity to nasal and auditory cavities. Further improvement in quantification and the mitigation ofB0/B1‐field inhomogeneities will be necessary to achieve reliable whole‐brain coverage.
Evaluation of adverse events and health‐related quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer receiving ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy in Thailand
Authors: Sirilerttrakul Suwannee , Wannakansophon Noppakan , Utthiya Pinyo , Ckumdee Sineenuch , Tangteerakoon Patamaporn , Chansriwong Phichai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare adverse events and health‐related quality of life in ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy with those in inpatient.DesignProspective non‐randomized observational study.MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups according to patients’ preference receiving chemotherapy.ResultsSixty‐four participants were enrolled in the inpatient, and 111 were in an ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy. The frequency of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in inpatient group than in ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy group (p < .001, <.001 and .002, respectively). Nausea, mucositis, and fatigue were more common in ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy group than in inpatient group (p < .001, .022, and .005, respectively). Patients in the ambulatory home‐based chemotherapy group showed higher social well‐being (SWB) scores than inpatient group (coefficient 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 3.19, p .003).
Assessing the environmental impacts of wildlife television programmes
Authors: Aitchison John , Aitchison Rowan , Devas Fredi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Wildlife TV programmes reach very large global audiences, but it is hard to measure their benefits for the natural world.

The commercial need to entertain as well as inform means that many films omit the presence and impacts of people, giving the false impression that we do not affect the natural world.

Many wildlife film‐makers want to address the linked climate and biodiversity emergencies, but the obligation to be impartial has made some broadcasters reluctant to commission and show films that seek to change people's behaviour. Internet video streaming services are less constrained, but commercial considerations do apply.

Privately funded programmes need not be commercially successful or editorially impartial. They can be distributed over the internet, independently of broadcasters. Increasingly, impact producers are being employed as key components in wider campaigns, to maximise their effect. Mainstream TV companies are starting to follow.

Making international wildlife programmes entails a large carbon footprint, much of it due to travel. Many broadcasters and production companies are committing to become carbon‐neutral.

Programme‐makers would welcome research that helps them maximise the real‐world impacts of their films and quantifies positive changes for nature.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Phase 1 study of sorafenib and irinotecan in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors
Authors: Meany Holly J. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Hinds Pamela S. , Bagatell Rochelle , Shusterman Suzanne , Stern Emily , Jayaprakash Nalini , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Hall O. Morgan , Sissung Tristan M. , Kim Aerang , Fox Elizabeth , London Wendy B. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Minturn Jane E. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSorafenib,an orally bioavailable, multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, have demonstrated activity in pediatric and adult malignancies. We evaluated the toxicity, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacogenomic (PGX) profile of sorafenib with irinotecan in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors and assessed the feasibility of incorporating patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures as an adjunct to traditional endpoints.MethodsSorafenib, continuous oral twice daily dosing, was administered with irinotecan, orally, once daily days 1‐5, repeated every 21 days (NCT01518413). Based on tolerability, escalation of sorafenib followed by escalation of irinotecan was planned. Three patients were initially enrolled at each dose level. Sorafenib and irinotecan PK analyses were performed during cycle 1. PRO measurements were collected during cycles 1 and 2.ResultsFifteen patients were evaluable. Two of three patients at dose level 2 experienced dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), grade 3 diarrhea, and grade 3 hyponatremia. Therefore, dose level 1 was expanded to 12 patients and two patients had DLT, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3 elevated lipase. Nine of 15 (60%) patients had a best response of stable disease with four patients receiving ≥6 cycles.ConclusionsThe recommended dose for pediatric patients was sorafenib 150 mg/m2/dose twice daily with irinotecan 70 mg/m2/dose daily × 5 days every 21 days. This oral outpatient regimen was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged disease stabilization. There were no significant alterations in the PK profile of either agent when administered in combination. Patients were willing and able to report their subjective experiences with this regimen.
Manipulating hydrophobicity of polyester nanofiber mats with egg albumin to enhance cell interactions
Authors: Patel Pratikshkumar R. , Pandey Komal , Killi Naresh , Gundloori Rathna Venkata Naga 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA hybrid of poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLA) and poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) system was designed using hydrophilic generally regarded as safe (GRAS) protein, egg albumin (EA), and fabricated as nanofiber mats (NM) to facilitate improved cell interactions and functionality. Our studies include, preparation and analysis of physicochemical properties of NM. Surface morphology of NM was smooth with the diameter ranging from 250 to 400 nm. The contact angle of NM decreased from 80 to 45° with the increase in EA concentration. The rate and extent of swelling was increased 3‐folds with the addition of EA. Release studies of NM showed maximum amount of MTz was released with the increase in MTz concentration (>85%). The MTz interaction with EA and structure stability of EA was confirmed from fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. NM showed increase in inhibition of bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the increase in MTz concentration. Cell viability of the NM was >80% and also, the cell proliferation increased as EA content increased. NM hemolytic activity was less than 5% suggesting compatibility. Hence, results concluded that EA had regulated hydrophobicity, promoted cell interactions, and proliferation and therefore, NM is considered safe for tissue regeneration.
Children who changed schools due to their parents' relocation for employment: Where do we go now?
Authors: Canpolat Murat , Atli Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApproximately 300,000 people change provinces in Turkey every year due to relocation for employment. Among them are school‐age children who need to change schools due to the relocation of their parents. This qualitative research aims to understand what students, who have to change schools due to the relocation of their parents to another city, experience in the process of school adaptation. All participants had to change schools at least once due to relocation for the employment of their parents. As a result of the thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews with 25 participants between the ages of 11 and 18, the following five main themes were identified: “Receiving news of the employment relocation,” “Effects on academic success,” “Influences on friendships,” “Sources of support,” and “Suggestions to novices.” Within the framework of the findings obtained, practical recommendations are presented to professionals who provide psychological assistance services on this subject.
Protein inter‐residue contact and distance prediction by coupling complementary coevolution features with deep residual networks in CASP14
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Chengxin , Zheng Wei , Zhou Xiaogen , Bell Eric W. , Yu Dong‐Jun , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article reports and analyzes the results of protein contact and distance prediction by our methods in the 14th Critical Assessment of techniques for protein Structure Prediction (CASP14). A new deep learning‐based contact/distance predictor was employed based on the ensemble of two complementary coevolution features coupling with deep residual networks. We also improved our multiple sequence alignment (MSA) generation protocol with wholesale meta‐genome sequence databases. On 22 CASP14 free modeling (FM) targets, the proposed model achieved a top‐L/5 long‐range precision of 63.8% and a mean distance bin error of 1.494. Based on the predicted distance potentials, 11 out of 22 FM targets and all of the 14 FM/template‐based modeling (TBM) targets have correctly predicted folds (TM‐score >0.5), suggesting that our approach can provide reliable distance potentials for ab initio protein folding.
Influence of bridge‐state energy on the electron transfer relaxation and dephasing rate in a donor‐bridge‐acceptor system
Authors: Chu Xiumei , Zhu Wenjuan , Wang Wenji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of the bridge‐state energy on the relaxation and dephasing rate of electron transfer in a donor‐bridge‐acceptor system coupling with an open dissipative environment is thoroughly discussed through the QAPUI (quasi‐adiabatic propagator path integral) method in this paper. By calculating the decay rates of the system from the population difference with time between the donor and acceptor with different bridge‐state energy, it is found that the relaxation rate of the system increases with the decreasing of the bridge energy, while the dephasing rate declines in the meantime, when the system‐bath coupling and environment temperature are kept unchanged. The variation trend of both relaxation rate and dephasing rate is consistent with the calculated results of the effective two‐state system, indicating that small reduction in energies of the bridge‐state does not affect the superexchange mechanism of the multiple bridged system. When the energies of the bridge‐state are reduced to cause the bridge population up to 20%, the superexchange mechanism still works quite well in our considered scenarios.
Associations of childhood and adult adversity with daily experiences in adulthood
Authors: Nayman Sibel , Jones Emily J. , Smyth Joshua M. , Schreier Hannah M. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData from 213 adults were analysed to test the stress accumulation and stress sensitization models as they relate to daily mood, health behaviours and social interactions. Adults reported on childhood adversity, past year adversity, and daily experiences on 14 evenings. Results largely supported the stress accumulation and not stress sensitization model such that childhood and past year adversity had independent but not synergistic effects on daily experiences. Both adversity measures were independently associated with greater daily negative affect and negative affect variability. Childhood adversity independently associated with greater mean variability in daily positive affect. Past year adversity was associated with more daily social activities, greater odds of reporting interpersonal tension at least once, and daily tension. Although childhood adversity was associated with greater odds of sharing about one's day at least once, past year adversity was associated with more daily sharing and childhood adversity with less. Both measures were unrelated to daily health behaviours except childhood adversity was associated with lower odds of being a current drinker. The only support for the stress sensitization model was number of daily cigarettes among smokers. Our findings suggest childhood and recent adversity independently relate to adults' daily experiences and should be considered jointly.
“Refugees from practice”? Exploring why some vets move from the clinic to the laboratory
Authors: Anderson Alistair , Hobson‐West Pru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNamed veterinary surgeons (NVSs) are a mandated presence in licensed animal research establishments in the UK. Some NVSs come into their laboratory roles having left general veterinary practice, which is currently facing significant recruitment and retention challenges. Understanding the factors that motivate veterinary professionals to move from practice to laboratory roles provides insight into the issues underlying recruitment and retention challenges in veterinary practice.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews with 33 NVSs were conducted in‐person or over the telephone. The interviews were transcribed, anonymised and analysed using an inductive approach.ResultsParticipants’ accounts of their career trajectories generally emphasised push factors motivating them to leave practice, rather than pull factors to move into a laboratory role: Indeed, many participants recalled originally having little knowledge of the NVS role upon discovering it. The push factors recounted by interviewees strongly reflect the factors identified in recent research into recruitment and retention in the veterinary profession, such as business concerns and poor work‐life balance.ConclusionThis study shows that laboratory animal work is often considered by NVSs as more manageable or fulfilling than practice work. To improve retention, the push factors identified by NVSs should be addressed in practice management and veterinary pedagogy.
Naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced durability of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber vulcanizate
Authors: Ghaderzadeh Saman , Esmizadeh Elnaz , Vahidifar Ali , Naderi Ghasem , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA facile approach of using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was proposed to address the durability performance demands of natural rubber (NR)/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends and to protect them from the deleterious effects of the service environment including ozone, chemicals, abrasion, and cyclic loading. The introduction of HNTs substantially improved the stability of NR/EPDM when exposed to ozone (over fourfold enhancement with the addition of 5 phr HNTs). Moreover, the HNT‐filled NR/EPDM vulcanizates offered approximately 66% reduction in the solvent‐mediated swelling in comparison to the unfilled sample. Fatigue life studies showed that the HNT‐reinforced NR/EPDM composite could withstand 30% more cycles to failure than the un‐reinforced NR/EPDM blend. The effect of various HNT loading on the morphological, mechanical, physical, and rheological properties of nanocomposite vulcanizates based on NR/EPDM was also investigated. The morphological investigations revealed that the introduction of HNT into the NR/EPDM rubber matrix caused a rough morphology in fracture surface and a well‐dispersed structure was obtained with the addition of up to 5 phr of HNTs. These findings were further supported by rheological, mechanical, and thermodynamical results.
A review of Forensic Entomology literature in the southwestern United States
Authors: Weidner Lauren M. , Meeds Andrew W. , Noblesse Andrew P. , Hans Krystal R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn extensive literature search pertaining to forensic entomology research was conducted for the southwestern portion of the United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas), encompassing literature from 1879 through June 2020. While the majority of states (Arizona, Texas, and Oklahoma) had high numbers of topic specific papers (screwworm, development, and American burying beetle, respectively), the main paper topics for this region were arrival/decomposition studies, biodiversity, and myiasis. With 106 papers, Texas's forensic entomology literature output was higher than the three remaining states combined. This review supports the need for developmental studies of forensically relevant insects.This article is categorized under:Forensic Anthropology > Time Since Death EstimationCrime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene ExaminationForensic Biology > Forensic Entomology
A review of the Forensic Entomology literature in the midwestern United States
Authors: Hans Krystal R. , Yoho Kelie , Robbins Hannah , Weidner Lauren M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA review of literature pertaining to forensic entomology in the midwestern region of the United States was conducted, searching for the earliest articles up through publications from early 2020. Eight states are included in this region, containing a total of 161 publications. There were a large number of publications regarding biodiversity, insect arrival and colonization of carrion. While Illinois had the greatest number of publications with more than 40, Minnesota produced the fewest publications, with only five. This review highlights the need for further investigations in forensic entomology in this region of the United States.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Time Since Death Estimation
Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Examination
Forensic Biology > Forensic Entomology
Student Feedback as a Source for Reflection in Practical Phases of Teacher Education
Authors: Göbel Kerstin , Wyss Corinne , Neuber Katharina , Raaflaub Meike 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe chapter focuses on the use of student feedback on teaching during practical phases in teacher education. After a brief introduction into the general relevance and validity of students’ perceptions on teaching, and on the use of student feedback for teaching development, core findings from two comparable quasi-experimental studies from Germany and Switzerland are presented in detail. The studies focus on the change of attitudes towards student feedback and towards reflection on teaching. The chapter concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for the use of student feedback as an instrument for reflection on teaching and professional development for pre-service teachers.