bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How immunity from and interaction with seasonal coronaviruses can shape SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology
Authors: Waterlow Naomi R. , van Leeuwen Edwin , Davies Nicholas G. ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Flasche Stefan , Eggo Rosalind M. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceCross-protection from seasonal epidemics of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has been hypothesized to contribute to the relative sparing of children during the early phase of the pandemic. Testing this relies on understanding the prepandemic age distribution of recent HCoV infections, but little is known about their dynamics. Using England and Wales as a case study, we use a transmission model to estimate the duration of immunity to seasonal coronaviruses, and show how cross-protection could have affected the age distribution of susceptibility during the first wave, and could alter SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns over the coming decade.
TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2
Authors: Alam Muhammad S. , Otsuka Shizuka , Wong Nathan , Abbasi Aamna , Gaida Matthias M. , Fan Yu , Meerzaman Daoud , Ashwell Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceInflammatory diseases are mediated by products such as TNF and IL-17 produced by T helper (Th) cell subsets. Here, we identify a direct role for TNF in the production of pathogenic T cells, particularly cells that produce IL-17 (Th17) and interferon-γ (Th1). We found that TNF shapes the inflammatory response by signaling via its relatively unstudied “minor” receptor, TNFR2, skewing T cells to become inflammatory Th17 cells and enhancing inflammatory cytokine production by Th1 cells. Preventing TNFR2 signaling resulted in reduced disease in mouse models of multiple sclerosis and colitis. This work integrates the importance of TNF with Th17/Th1 cell pathogenicity and may explain the paradox that IL-17–dependent diseases, such as psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis, respond to anti-TNF monotherapy.
ATP disrupts lipid-binding equilibrium to drive retrograde transport critical for bacterial outer membrane asymmetry
Authors: Low Wen-Yi , Thong Shuhua , Chng Shu-Sin 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Biological membranes define cellular boundaries, allow compartmentalization, and represent a prerequisite for life. In gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane (OM) prevents entry of toxic substances, conferring intrinsic resistance against many antibiotics. This barrier function requires unequal distribution of lipids across the OM bilayer, yet how such lipid asymmetry is maintained is not well understood. In this study, we established the directionality of lipid transport for a conserved membrane protein complex and uncovered mechanistic insights into how ATP powers such transport from the OM to the inner membrane. Our work provides fundamental understanding of lipid trafficking within the gram-negative double-membrane envelope in the context of OM lipid asymmetry and highlights the importance of targeting lipid transport processes for future antibiotics development.
Topological edge states and transport properties in zigzag stanene nanoribbons with magnetism
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Xie Hang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the topological phase transitions and corresponding transport properties in zigzag stanene nanoribbon with different magnetism. The results show that the off-resonant circularly polarized (ORCP) light may induce anisotropic chiral edge state with a magnetic phase transition from antiferromagnetic state to nonmagnetic state. In combination with the ORCP light and electric field, the 100% spin-polarized edge state can be induced with some magnetic orders. The finite-size effect is also an important factor for the magnetic phase transitions, which in turn induces topological phase transitions from the band insulator to topological phases. By constructing the topological-insulator junctions with some topological edge states, we further study the Fabry–Perot resonant, where multiple reflection edge states cause strong current loops. By modulating the ORCP and electric field, the system can also be regarded as a switcher, to control the charge current or spin polarized current. These findings pave a way for designing topological device with magnetic edges in the future nano spintronics.
f(R) dual theories of quintessence: expansion-collapse duality
Authors: Mukherjee Dipayan , Jassal H.K. , Lochan Kinjalk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The accelerated expansion of the universe demands presence of an exotic matter, namely the
dark energy. Though the cosmological constant fits this role very well, a scalar field minimally
coupled to gravity, or quintessence, can also be considered as a viable alternative for the
cosmological constant. We study f(R) gravity models which can lead to an effective description
of dark energy implemented by quintessence fields in Einstein gravity, using the Einstein
frame-Jordan frame duality. For a family of viable quintessence models, the reconstruction of
the f(R) function in the Jordan frame consists of two parts. We first obtain a perturbative
solution of f(R) in the Jordan frame, applicable near the present epoch. Second, we obtain an
asymptotic solution for f(R), consistent with the late time limit of the Einstein frame if the
quintessence field drives the universe. We show that for certain class of viable quintessence
models, the Jordan frame universe grows to a maximum finite size, after which it begins to
collapse back. Thus, there is a possibility that in the late time limit where the Einstein frame
universe continues to expand, the Jordan frame universe collapses. The condition for this
expansion-collapse duality is then generalized to time varying equations of state models, taking
into account the presence of non-relativistic matter or any other component in the Einstein frame
universe. This mapping between an expanding geometry and a collapsing geometry at the field
equation level may have interesting potential implications on the growth of perturbations therein
at late times.
Space-borne atom interferometric gravitational wave detections.
Part I. The forecast of bright sirens
on cosmology
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Yang Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Atom interferometers (AIs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors have been proposed a decade ago. Both ground and space-based projects will be in construction and preparation in the near future. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the potential of the space-borne AIs on detecting GW standard sirens and hence the applications on cosmology. We consider AEDGE as our fiducial AI GW detector and estimate the number of bright sirens that would be obtained within a 5-years data-taking period of GW and with the follow-up observation of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We then construct the mock catalogue of bright sirens and predict their ability on constraining cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, dynamics of dark energy, and modified gravity theory. Our preliminary results show around order 𝒪 (30) bright sirens can be obtained from a 5-years operation time of AEDGE and the follow-up observation of EM counterparts. The bright sirens alone can measure H
0 with a precision 2.1%, which is sufficient to arbitrate the Hubble tension. Combining current most precise electromagnetic experiments, the inclusion of AEDGE bright sirens can improve the measurement of the equation of state of dark energy, though marginally. Moreover, by modifying GW propagation on cosmological scales, the deviations from general relativity (modified gravity theory effects) can be constrained at 5.7% precision level.
Dynamical evolution and decay of multi-charged quantum vortex in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Telles G D , Tavares P E S , Fritsch A R , Cidrim A , Bagnato V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the observation of the twisted decay of quadruply charged vortices taking place in an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate. Supporting numerical simulations show that the singly-charged vortices, which result from the decay of a multi-charged vortex, twist around intertwined in the shape of helical Kelvin waves.
Chapter 2 Galactic Gamma-ray Sources *
Authors: Chen Yang , Bi Xiao-Jun , Fang Kun , Guo Yi-Qing , Liu Ye , Tam P. H. Thomas , Vernetto S. , Wang Zhong-Xiang , Yang Rui-Zhi , Zhang Xiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the γ-ray sky, the highest fluxes come from Galactic sources: supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae, star forming regions, binaries and micro-quasars, giant molecular clouds, Galactic center, and the large extended area around the Galactic plane. The radiation mechanisms of γ-ray emission and the physics of the emitting particles, such as the origin, acceleration, and propagation, are of very high astrophysical significance. A variety of theoretical models have been suggested for the relevant physics, and emission with energies E≥1014 eV are expected to be crucial in testing them. In particular, this energy band is a direct window to test at which maximum energy a particle can be accelerated in the Galactic sources and whether the most probable source candidates such as Galactic center and SNRs are “PeVatrons”. Designed aiming at the very high energy (VHE, >100 GeV) observation, LHAASO will be a very powerful instrument in these astrophysical studies. Over the past decade, great advances have been made in the VHE γ-ray astronomy. More than 170 VHE γ-ray sources have been observed, and among them, 42 Galactic sources fall in the LHAASO field-of-view. With a sensitivity of 10 milli-Crab, LHAASO can not only provide accurate spectra for the known γ-ray sources, but also search for new TeV-PeV γ-ray sources. In the following sub-sections, the observation of all the Galactic sources with LHAASO will be discussed in details.
Chapter 7 Solar and Heliospheric Physics and Interdisciplinary Research with LHAASO *
Authors: Jia Huan-Yu , Feng Li , Ruffolo D. , Stenkin Yu. V. , Zhou Xun-Xiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the following sub-sections, studies of solar-heliospheric effects on cosmic rays, investigating a possible link between cosmic ray flux and Earth’s climate, and detection of MeV-rangeγ-rays from thunderstorms with the data from LHAASO will be discussed; geophysical research with environmental neutrons will be introduced, and some Monte Carlo simulation results about effects of thunderstorm electric fields on LHAASO observations of cosmic rays will be given.
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the spark discharge method for visible plasmonics
Authors: Borisov V I , Lizunova A A , Malo D , Kameneva E I , Ramanenka A A , Ivanov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work demonstrates synthesis of metal Au nanoparticles with a plasmon resonance in the visible optical region by the spark discharge method in atmosphere of argon of purity 6.0. With raising of sintering temperature from 25 to 950 °C, the morphology of synthesized Au nanoparticles changed from agglomerates to individual particles with decreasing the median size from 270 to 90 nm according to aerosol spectrometer. While by transmission electron microscopy primary nanoparticles with a gold crystalline structure with sizes in range from 5 to 120 nm were observed. Synthesized nanoparticles ensembles had broad absorption peaks with maximum in the visible optical region with peak positions approximately at 490 nm. High temperature sintered particles had a spherical shape and an additional absorption peak at approximately 640 nm.
Morphology transformation of InGaN nanowires grown on Si substrate by PA-MBE
Authors: Gridchin V O , Dragunova A S , Kotlyar K P , Reznik R R , Komarov S D , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Soshnikov I P , Samsonenko Yu B , Cirlin G E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The influence of the growth time on the structural properties of InGaN nanowires grown on Si substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy are studied. Under appropriate other growth conditions, the growth for 2h leads to the formation of separated nanowires, whereas the growth for 2h 30min and 3h leads to the formation of nanostructures such as nano-umbrellas. The separated NWs exhibit a photoluminescence spectrum with maxima at about 590 nm, whereas the nano-umbrellas show two pronounced photoluminescence lines at 421 and 619 nm.
Research and calculation of dynamic characteristics of a microelectromechanical device
Authors: Lysenko I E , Kidyaev N F , Ezhova O A , Sevostyanov D Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a model of a three-axis micromechanical gyroscope-accelerometer. The stiffness of the suspension of a micromechanical gyroscope-accelerometer is calculated and the dependence of the change in the frequency of vibration of the micromechanical mass on the change in the thickness of the beams of the cruciform suspension element is obtained.
Transmission spectra of transparent electrodes based on oriented platinum nanowires at various concentrations of the metal used
Authors: Nizameeva G R , Nizameev I R , Kadirov M K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates the optical transparency dependence of a coating based on an oriented network of platinum nanowires on the amount of metal used. Oriented platinum nanowires on a glass surface are produced by chemical deposition from an aqueous hexachloroplatinic acid solution. The topography of the deposited metal layer on glass is visualized using atomic force microscopy. Optical transparency was investigated with a spectrophotometer. In almost the entire region of optical radiation, the transparency is approximately 98%. The absorption spectrum shows that the absorption coefficient increases sharply in the near UV region.
Modelling electroforming process under constant bias voltage conditions
Authors: Permyakova O O , Rogozhin A E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to understand changes in defect concentration during the electroforming process, we modelled the electroforming process in Ta/HfO2/Pt under constant bias voltage. For this purpose, kinetic Monte-Carlo and finite element methods were utilized. Vacancy profiles were obtained for forming voltages from 3 V to 5 V; modelling of lower stresses is time-consuming. It was found that with decreasing voltage, vacancies begin to accumulate near the inert electrode. When the voltage was dropped from 5 to 3 V, the thickness of such a layer increased by 1 nm, and electroforming time exponentially increase.
Plasma surface treatment of local modify silicon plates
Authors: Rezvan A A , Morozova J V , Klimin V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the use of silicon Si for element base manufacture of micro- and nanoelectronics by using combined methods of focused ion beams and atomic layer plasma chemical etching. This technology makes it possible to modify surface of Si substrates in the required topology and geometry, followed by removal of atoms to obtain nanoscale elements. The influence of parameters of method of focused ion beams and plasma chemical etching on parameters of the formed structures is analyzed. So, for example, for formation of structures with maximum roughness, it is necessary to increase values of parameters responsible for reactive ion etching, these are such parameters as: the power of capacitive plasma source, the mixing voltage, and the flow rate of an inert gas (argon).
Effects of plasma treatment parameters on the adsorption properties of tin dioxide-based nanomaterials
Authors: Sigaev A P , Averin I A , Karmanov A A , Pronin I A , Yakushova N D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have studied the effect of nitrogen plasma exposure on the adsorption properties of SnO2-based nanomaterials synthesized by the sol-gel method. We have established the correlation between the adsorption properties and plasma treatment parameters. The scanning electron microscopy has confirmed integrity violation of the original structure of nanomaterials and an increase in their specific surface area with high-power plasma source.
Features of modulation of high-power laser radiation for optical space control systems
Authors: Rodin S A , Reznikov B K , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work we justify the necessity of using shutter-type modulators to create laser radiation with the required parameters in fiber-optic systems.This is necessary to detect the fact of making changes in the optical system (unauthorized connection with the restoration of the function of communication channels). We have developed a shutter-type optical radiation modulator design. This modulator design has no fundamental limitations on the power of laser radiation, which is used to solve various problems. The investigation results of different work regime to the modulator are presented.
Characterization of focusing grating couplers for telecom wavelengths in the first and second diffraction order
Authors: Elmanova A , Elmanov I , An P , Kovalyuk V , Kuzin A , Golikov A , Goltsman G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work we studied how focusing grating couplers, developed for telecommunication C-band wavelength range, can be applied in the near infrared range. In the paper we presented prospects of usage of both first and second diffraction maxima of theoretically computed diffraction grating couplers for photonic aims. The dependence of the central wavelength of the grating on the etching depth of the photonic layer, on the period and filling factor of the grating was studied. We have compared our experimental results with numerical study, performed using finite elements method of solving differential equations. The work is important for different photonic applications and introduces new prospects in application of the already fabricated devices, developed for telecommunication wavelengths.
Study of characteristics of n-p-n type bipolar power transistor in small-sized metalpolymeric package type SOT-89
Authors: Knyaginin D A , Kulchenkov E A , Rybalka S B , Demidov A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study the input, output and current gain characteristics of silicon n-p-n type medium power bipolar junction transistors KT242A91 made by the "GRUPPA KREMNY EL" in modern small-sized metalpolymeric package type (SOT-89) have been obtained. The SPICE model that allows simulating realistic transistor behaviour of n-p-n type transistor KT242A91 has been proposed. It is shown that established experimental characteristics for KT242A91 transistor correspond to similar transistor’s type characteristics.
GaN power IC normally-on and normally-off transistors technology and simulation
Authors: Egorkin V I , Bespalov V A , Kukhtyaeva O B , Zemlyakov V E , Kapaev V V , Zaitsev A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
GaN technology has been waiting to be widely adopted because of its specific technical requirements. Integration of transistor and driver in a single die will enable to overcome problems with gate driving, high cost of circuit and low device reliability. This paper demonstrates technology of GaN-on-Si normally-on and normally-off transistor with different p-GaN cap-layer thickness as well as simulation of these devices. The simulation data confirm experimental results. P-GaN cap-layer thickness affects the current channel density: the more p-GaN thickness, the less channel density. The fabricated transistors have a maximum drain current in open state of about 800 mA/mm.
Modified quantum frequency standard on Hg-199 ions
Authors: Lukashev N A , Davydov V V , Rud V Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The world around us depends on devices capable of producing or maintaining a signal with an extreme precision. Quantum frequency standards are the answer to this problem. This article presents a modified version of newly developed quantum frequency standard based on trapping Hg-199 ions by magnetic field. The new prototype was developed a while ago and now it was modified due to algorithm improvements and renewed digital hardware, analog and digital circuitry being reordered. Results for Allan deviation show 3 % improvement for long-term frequency stability and more than 5 % for short-term stability
Towards multipixel THz Schottky diode detector with a single RF output line
Authors: Prikhodko A , Belikov I , Mikhailov D , Shurakov A , Goltsman G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose the design of a dual-pixel array of Schottky diodes. Each diode is fixed between the bow-tie antenna arms on top of a SI-GaAs membrane acting as a waveguide backshort for efficient coupling of the antenna to the feedline of high-directivity horn. The detector utilizes a single RF output line: microwave reflectometer is used for the readout. The pixels are equipped with dual-mode resonator filters to eliminate the cross-talk. We evaluate the design proposed via numerical simulation and performance tests of the array subunits: NEP of 300 pW/Hz0.5 and dynamic range of 24 dB are demonstrated at 137.5 GHz.
A seesaw-type MEMS switch with enhanced contact force: the first results
Authors: Uvarov I V , Marukhin N V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Outstanding working characteristics make microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches attractive for many applications. However, the lack of reliability prevents their commercial success. Due to the small size, MEMS switches develop low contact force compared to their macroscopic counterparts, which leads to instability and fast increase of the contact resistance. This work describes the switch providing significantly larger force than the previously reported device. The enlargement is achieved by the modified shape of the beam and electrodes with the same footprint and lower actuation voltage. Design, simulation, fabrication and first experimental results for the switch are presented.
Metrological aspects of an automated method for measuring electrophysical parameters of soft magnetic materials
Authors: Volik A V , Pecherskaya E A , Varenik Yu A , Zinchenko T O , Artamonov D V , Timohina O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The structure of an automated system for measuring magnetic-hysteresis loops, normal magnetization curve, magnetic permeability with an error of no more than ± 1% is proposed. The measuring principle is based on the inferential measurements of the magnetic induction and the coercive force by integrating the secondary voltage and the excitation current. As a result of metrological analysis, an increase in the measurements accuracy is achieved both by improving the hardware implementation and calibrating the measuring channels, by introducing a correction for the systematic component of the error.
The SU-8 spin-coating on silicon nanowires formed by cryogenic dry etching
Authors: Baranov A I , Kudyashov D A , Morozov I A , Shugurov K Yu , Uvarov A V , Maximova A A , Vyacheslavova E A , Gudovskikh A S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Arrays of vertically aligned silicon nanowires were fabricated by cryogenic dry etching. The post-processing technology was developed to full coating of arrays of NWs by SU-8 and release the top side of SiNWs. The Schottky diodes were fabricated on arrays of SiNWs with and without SU-8 by gold evaporation. The cryogenic dry etching leads to defect formation with Ea=0.28 eV and concentration lower 5⋅1012 cm−3 in near-surface area in silicon, and no defect are detected in bulk silicon. However, oxygen plasma treatment used to release top side of SiNWs leads to increase of its concentration by two order and formation of defect with Ea=0.39 eV, σ = 1⋅10−16 cm2 and a concentration of 5⋅1014 cm−3 in a bulk of SiNWs deeper than 1 μm.