bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zur Rolle der Therapieerwartung bei der interdisziplinären multimodalen Schmerztherapie bei chronischem Rückenschmerz
Authors: Maser Dustin , Müller Daniel , Bingel Ulrike , Müßgens Diana 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chronische Rückenschmerzen sind eine schwerwiegende und global sehr häufig auftretende Erkrankung mit enormen persönlichen sowie sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen. Die interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie (IMST) ist eines der wenigen evidenzbasierten Behandlungsverfahren für chronische Schmerzen. Obwohl bekannt ist, dass Schmerzen sowie deren Chronifizierung und Behandlung von den persönlichen Erwartungen der Patienten beeinflusst werden, gibt es wenige etablierte Interventionen oder Richtlinien für eine aktive Modulation dieses Effekts.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir möchten mit dieser Arbeit die Rolle der Erwartung als Prädiktor für Schmerzen sowie schmerzbezogene Beeinträchtigung in der klinischen Praxis verdeutlichen und präsentieren hierzu beispielhaft explorative Pilotdaten einer Beobachtungskohorte unserer Klinik.

Material und Methoden
Die Untersuchung zeigt erste Daten einer prospektiven longitudinalen Beobachtungsstudie bestehend aus bis zu 41 Patienten mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die im Setting einer IMST am Essener Rückenschmerz-Zentrum behandelt wurden. Es wurden Daten zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme (T0) und der Entlassung (T1) sowie drei Monate nach Therapieende (T2) erhoben. Primäre Endpunkte waren die Schmerzintensität und die Schmerzbeeinträchtigung. Zusätzlich erfassten wir die Therapieerwartung zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme als möglichen Prädiktor. Die Bedeutung der vor der Therapie erhobenen Therapieerwartung wurde mittels linearer Regression erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Die IMST führte zu einer signifikanten Besserung in Bezug auf die Schmerzintensität und -beeinträchtigung. Der Effekt auf die Schmerzintensität war über den Zeitraum von drei Monaten nach Therapieende anhaltend und die Beeinträchtigung sank in diesem Zeitraum weiter signifikant.

Diskussion
Erwartung war ein signifikanter Prädiktor für die Abnahme der Schmerzintensität und erklärte ca. 15 % der Varianz. In der klinischen Praxis sollten daher valide Methoden etabliert werden, negative Erwartungen zu reduzieren und positive Erwartungen zu fördern.
Diffusive gradients in thin films predicts crop response better than calcium-acetate-lactate extraction
Authors: Hill Benjamin , Santner Jakob , Spiegel Heide , Puschenreiter Markus , Wenzel Walter W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil P testing has been widely used to predict crop yields, P uptake, and fertilizer demands in agriculture. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) provides a zero-sink soil P test which mimics diffusion-controlled plant uptake and has previously been found to predict P availability to crops better than conventional quantity-based P tests in highly weathered Australian, though not in European soils. Here we tested the performance of DGT and the Austrian and German standard P quantity test calcium acetate lactate (CAL) to explain the variation of crop yield and P uptake response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in long-term P fertilization experiments at four different sites in eastern Austria. Phosphorus extracted with DGT (P-DGT) and CAL (P-CAL) correlated well in similar soils but not across sites with large variation in soil and site properties such as carbonate equivalent and water availability. The predictive power of DGT for barley (R2 = 0.42) and wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.32), and P uptake in wheat grains (R2 = 0.36) was clearly superior to that of the CAL, and less dependent on soil properties. The better performance of DGT compared to the quantity test is consistent with diffusion-limited P uptake in the water-limited cultivated soils of eastern Austria. The critical values of P deficiency derived from the Mitscherlich-type fits for barley and wheat at 80% relative yield are 64.9 and 26.2 µg L−1, respectively, consistent with differential P demands of the crops.
Officiality and strategic ambiguity in language policy: exploring migrant experiences in Andorra and Luxembourg
Authors: Hawkey James , Horner Kristine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines de jure language officialization policies in Andorra and Luxembourg, and addresses how these are discursively reproduced, sustained or challenged by members of resident migrant communities in the two countries. Although the two countries bear similarities in their small size, extensive multilingualism and the pride of place accorded to the ‘small’ languages of Catalan and Luxembourgish respectively, they have adopted different strategies as regards according official status to the languages spoken there. We start by undertaking a close reading of language policy documents and highlight the ways that they are informed by ‘strategic ambiguity’, wherein certain key elements are deliberately left open to interpretation via a range of textual strategies. We then conduct a thematic analysis of individual speaker testimonies to understand how this strategic ambiguity impacts on the ways that speakers negotiate fluid multilingual practices while also having to navigate rigid monolingual regimes. In given contexts, these hierarchies privilege Catalan in Andorra and Luxembourgish in Luxembourg, particularly in relation to the regimentation of migrants' linguistic behaviour. In this way, the paper provides insights into the complex ideological fields in which small languages are situated and demonstrates the ways in which language policy is intertwined with issues of power and dominance.
Case report on postmortem fentanyl measurement after overdose with more than 67 fentanyl patches
Authors: Peeters L. E. J. , Vleut I. T. , Tan G. E. , Croes E. A. , Bethlehem C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fentanyl is an analgesic that is frequently prescribed, which resulted in non-intentional as well as intentional misuse and deaths. Here, we present a postmortem case of a patient who clearly died of a fentanyl overdose due to an extensive number of fentanyl patches combined with oral intake of fentanyl and cocaine. We aimed to show how postmortem analysis can be used to interpret postmortem fentanyl concentrations in unique cases like the one we present.

Case description
A 23-year-old male was found dead in his bedroom with 67 non-prescribed patches of fentanyl on his body. In the room, there also were fentanyl tablets of 100 µg and cocaine powder, which had possibly also been taken by the deceased. To confirm the cause of death, urine and subclavian blood were retrieved to perform a standard postmortem toxicology screening. The toxicological screening revealed the presence of several drugs, including cocaine, fentanyl, lidocaine and paracetamol. Further analysis of the quantitative postmortem values of fentanyl with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed a fentanyl concentration of 57.9 µg/L. Considering several issues around postmortem drug analyses, this value seemed to be in line with concentrations found in previously reported postmortem cases.

Conclusion
We were able to confirm the expected cause of death with an extensive toxicological screening in combination with the circumstantial evidence. We identified fentanyl as most important cause for the fatal outcome in this specific case and simultaneously contributed to the limited availability of knowledge on postmortem fentanyl concentrations.
SUBiNN: a stacked uni- and bivariate kNN sparse ensemble
Authors: Elsten Tiffany , de Rooij Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNearest Neighbor classification is an intuitive distance-based classification method. It has, however, two drawbacks: (1) it is sensitive to the number of features, and (2) it does not give information about the importance of single features or pairs of features. In stacking, a set of base-learners is combined in one overall ensemble classifier by means of a meta-learner. In this manuscript we combine univariate and bivariate nearest neighbor classifiers that are by itself easily interpretable. Furthermore, we combine these classifiers by a Lasso method that results in a sparse ensemble of nonlinear main and pairwise interaction effects. We christened the new method SUBiNN: Stacked Uni- and Bivariate Nearest Neighbors. SUBiNN overcomes the two drawbacks of simple nearest neighbor methods. In extensive simulations and using benchmark data sets, we evaluate the predictive performance of SUBiNN and compare it to other nearest neighbor ensemble methods as well as Random Forests and Support Vector Machines. Results indicate that SUBiNN often outperforms other nearest neighbor methods, that SUBiNN is well capable of identifying noise features, but that Random Forests is often, but not always, the best classifier.
Experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in sports in Germany
Authors: Hartmann-Tews Ilse , Menzel Tobias , Braumüller Birgit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is growing international evidence that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and sexually/gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people regularly experience discrimination in sports. However, there is a lack of empirical research with regard to the sports situation in Germany. Based on a quantitative survey of 858 self-identifying LGBTQ+ individuals, the present research is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the experiences of LGBTQ+ people in sports in Germany. To add distinctive knowledge to the international research, this analysis considers differences within the group of LGBTQ+ people and between various sports settings (i.e., organizational framework, team vs individual sports, and performance level. Two research questions are addressed: (1) What micro- and meso-level factors affect the witnessing of homo-/transnegative language and the prevalence of homo-/transnegative incidents in respondents’ sports activities? (2) What micro- and meso-level factors affect respondents’ feelings of being offended by homo-/transnegative language and what behavioral consequences (i.e., refraining from specific sports and reactions to homo-/transnegative episodes) can be observed among different LGBTQ+ subgroups? The data reveal the impact of the sports context on the perception of homo-/transnegative language but not on negative experiences. Moreover, there is a higher prevalence of gay compared to lesbian athletes with regard to the perception of homo-/transnegative language in their sports and a higher prevalence of gay athletes and non-cisgender (transgender) athletes with regard to homo-/transnegative experiences in sport compared to lesbian and cisgender athletes. The empirical evidence confirms and deepens international findings. Moreover, the data assist the Sport Ministers Conference’s goal of increasing initiatives to tackle the exclusion and discrimination faced by LGBTQ+ people in sports.
Comprehensive analysis of the MIR4435-2HG/miR-1-3p/MMP9/miR-29-3p/DUXAP8 ceRNA network axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Shangshang , Chen Jiasheng , Ma Shasha , Liu Fanghong , Liu Chuanmiao , Gao Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA growing number of studies have shown that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks might play important roles during the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assessed the role of the ceRNA network in immune cell infiltration in HCC. Immune-related gene sets were downloaded from Molecular Signatures Database, and differentially expressed genes were screened based on TCGA HCC transcriptome data. The corresponding miRNAs with low expression and good prognostic implications, and the corresponding lncRNAs with high expression and poor prognostic were identified to construct ceRNA networks. The networks were utilized for clinical correlation analysis and risk model construction, and the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to assess immune cell infiltration. In this study, the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA model was used to construct a ceRNA network in HCC using immune-related differentially expressed mRNAs. Assessment of the MIR4435-2HG/hsa-miR-1-3p/MMP9/hsa-miR-29-3p/DUXAP8 ceRNA network axis in HCC showed that a high risk/poor prognosis was significantly correlated with tumor stage and invasion depth. MMP9 was positively correlated with resting M0 macrophages and NK cells and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, resting mast cells, monocytes and activated NK cells. DUXAP8 was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with MIR4435-2HG, which was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, CD8 T cells and follicular helper T cells. The correlation of the MIR4435-2HG/hsa-miR-1-3p/MMP9/hsa-miR-29-3p/DUXAP8 ceRNA network axis with immune cell infiltration provides further information on the mechanism of HCC development. The result might improve our understanding the interactions between immune related genes and non-coding RNAs in the occurrence and development of HCC, and the relevant RNAs might be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets in HCC patients.
Sand Casting Implementation of Two-Dimensional Digital Code Direct-Part-Marking Using Additively Manufactured Tags
Authors: Uyan Tekin , Jalava Kalle , Orkas Juhani , Otto Kevin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStatistical quality control is used in foundries to identify special cause defects and root causes by correlating process input variations with casting defects. A difficulty exists in associating process data collected with individual cast parts as the parts are processed through the foundry and then out into the supply chain. Typically, alphanumeric labels for marking castings and manual identification of the castings with route-paper based tracing approaches have been used. Such manual-based systems make root cause analysis of quality defect issues tedious. This study presents the development of a semi-automated approach using 3D printed sand mold inserts shaped as 2D matrix codes which thereby permit directly cast identification code into the parts. This enables automated part tracking at the very beginning of the casting process including mold making. Automated scan based tracking of parts through a foundry and subsequent supply chain allows for statistical process data collected to also be associated with each part processed with unique identification, building upon the part history and pedigree.
Sampling strategy for fuzzy numbers in the context of surrogate models
Authors: Oberleiter Thomas , Willner Kai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper presents an investigation of the accuracy of surrogate models for systems with uncertainties, where the uncertain parameters are represented by fuzzy numbers. Since the underlying fuzzy arithmetic using $$\alpha$$
α
-level optimisation requires a large number of system evaluations, the use of numerically expensive systems becomes prohibitive with a higher number of fuzzy parameters. However, this problem can be overcome by employing less expensive surrogate models, where the accuracy of the surrogate depends strongly on the choice of the sampling points. In order to find a sufficiently accurate surrogate model with as few as possible sampling points, the influence of various sampling strategies on the accuracy of the fuzzy evaluation is investigated. As well suited for fuzzy systems, the newly developed Fuzzy Oriented Sampling Shift method is presented and compared with established sampling strategies. For the surrogate models radial basis functions and a Kriging model are employed. As test cases, the Branin and the Camelback function with fuzzy parameters are used, which demonstrate the varying accuracy for different sampling strategies. A more application oriented example of a finite element simulation of a deep drawing process is given in the end.
Relationships between neighborhood collective efficacy and adolescent suicidal ideation
Authors: Lee Ji Hyeon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionUntil now, South Korean adolescent suicidal ideation literature has focused mainly on individual‐level characteristics. Little is known about the contextual effects of social integration and social regulation on an individual's suicide behavior in South Korea as identified through the use of Durkheim's sociological insights. This study drew on Durkheim's suicide and collective efficacy theories and analyzed the effects of the structural characteristics and collective efficacy of neighborhoods on adolescents’ suicidal ideation.MethodsThe data analyzed was from three sources: the 2013 Korean National Survey of the Present Status of Children (n = 1,915; 50.41% girls; mean age = 13.04 years), government census data from the Korea Statistical Information System, and administrative data from the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model was used to investigate the effects of neighborhood structural characteristics and collective efficacy on adolescent suicidal ideation.ResultsThere were no significant associations between neighborhood characteristics such as concentrated poverty, divorce rate, and residential instability; however, adoles cents' perceptions of collective efficacy in neighborhoods was associated with lower suicidal ideation after accounting for individual adolescent differences.ConclusionThe findings provide significant implications for the prevention of suicide in adolescents and suggest that enhancing the collective efficacy of neighborhoods through community‐based intervention may be an important target of future suicide prevention strategies in South Korea.
Common Postzygotic Mutational Signatures in Healthy Adult Tissues Related to Embryonic Hypoxia
Authors: Hong Yaqiang , Zhang Dake , Zhou Xiangtian , Chen Aili , Abliz Amir , Bai Jian , Wang Liang , Hu Qingtao , Gong Kenan , Guan Xiaonan , Liu Mengfei , Zheng Xinchang , Lai Shujuan , Qu Hongzhu , Zhao Fuxin , Hao Shuang , Wu Zhen , Cai Hong , Hu Shaoyan , Ma Yue , Zhang Junting , Ke Yang , Wang Qian-Fei , Chen Wei , Zeng Changqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual’s lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors. Here, we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals. In blood, sperm, and muscle cells, we resolved three common types of mutational signatures. Signatures A and B represent clock-like mutational processes, and the polymorphisms of epigenetic regulation genes influence the proportion of signature B in mutation profiles. Notably, signature C, characterized by C&gt;T transitions at GpCpN sites, tends to be a feature of diverse normal tissues. Mutations of this type are likely to occur early during embryonic development, supported by their relatively high allelic frequencies, presence in multiple tissues, and decrease in occurrence with age. Almost none of the public datasets for tumors feature this signature, except for 19.6% of samples of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with increased activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Moreover, the accumulation of signature C in the mutation profile was accelerated in a human embryonic stem cell line with drug-induced activation of HIF-1α. Thus, embryonic hypoxia may explain this novel signature across multiple normal tissues. Our study suggests that hypoxic condition in an early stage of embryonic development is a crucial factor inducing C&gt;T transitions at GpCpN sites; and individuals’ genetic background may also influence their postzygotic mutation profiles.
Varieties of Constitutionalism in Asia
Authors: Li-ann Thio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWestern liberal constitutionalism, the dominant vision of which is rights-oriented and court centric is hegemonic to the discourse. While important, this is a particular rather than total expression of constitutionalism which conflates constitutionalism with liberalism and treat this as paradigmatic. This may obscure all other non-liberal models or fuel their dismissal as sham constitutions. A third space must be found, without collapsing anti-constitutionalist, illiberal despotism with no objective limits on power into the sphere of constitutionalism, and without equating judicial review with constitutionalism. To that end, this article seeks to advance the project of pluralising understandings of constitutionalism, drawing from the rich variety of constitutional experiments in Asia, with its multiplicity of religions, political ideologies government systems, cultures, and levels of economic development. Against an idealised model of liberal constitutionalism deployed as an organisational tool to highlight features of non-liberal constitutionalism in their full variety, the article examines three typologies of constitutionalism: religious, socialist and communitarian. In so doing, the idea of normatively desirable and defensible constitutionalist models is investigated, through an inquiry that goes beyond text and courts to other sites of constitutional practice and governance.
Lutter autrement contre la corruption transnationale: potentiel et défis du système de sanctions de la Banque mondiale
Authors: GRIGORYAN LOUISA , MANIRABONA AMISSI M. 
Published: October 2021

RésuméDepuis le milieu des années 1990, les principales Banques multilatérales de développement (BMD) jouent un rôle actif dans la lutte contre la corruption transnationale. La Banque mondiale (BM), suivie par les autres grandes banques régionales de développement, ont mis au point un système de sanctions appliqué aux entreprises et individus qui se livrent à des pratiques de corruption dans le cadre des projets d’investissements qu’elles financent. Les cinq grandes BMD ont récemment harmonisé leurs stratégies de lutte contre la corruption dans leurs opérations, en adoptant des définitions harmonisées des pratiques répréhensibles et des principes et directives communs pour les enquêtes. En 2010, ces dernières ont établi un système d’application mutuelle des décisions d’exclusion. Il s’agit clairement de mesures considérables prises au niveau multilatéral qui contribuent à lutter contre le problème de la corruption. Il est donc pertinent d’évaluer leur efficacité. Après avoir procédé à un examen approfondi et à une analyse critique du système de sanctions de la BM, le présent article conclut que malgré son importance, il n’est pas encore à la hauteur de ses ambitions de sanctionner et dissuader les acteurs internationaux corrompus. Par conséquent, l’article propose des solutions visant à améliorer ce système dont la nécessité n’est plus à démontrer.
Melting temperature changes during slip across subglacial cavities drive basal mass exchange
Authors: Rempel Alan W. , Meyer Colin R. , Riverman Kiya L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe importance of glacier sliding has motivated a rich literature describing the thermomechanical interactions between ice, liquid water and bed materials. Early recognition of the gradient in melting temperature across small bed obstacles led to focused studies of regelation. An appreciation for the limits on ice deformation rates downstream of larger obstacles highlighted a role for cavitation, which has subsequently gained prominence in descriptions of subglacial drainage. Here, we show that the changes in melting temperature that accompany changes in normal stress along a sliding ice interface near cavities and other macroscopic drainage elements cause appreciable supercooling and basal mass exchange. This provides the basis of a novel formation mechanism for widely observed laminated debris-rich basal ice layers.