bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An alternative route towards the fabrication of 2D blue phosphorene
Authors: Schaal M , Picker J , Otto F , Gruenewald M , Forker R , Fritz T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Blue phosphorene (BlueP) is a novel two-dimensional material that shares properties with black phosphorene and is potentially even more interesting for opto-electronic applications because of its layer dependent wide band gap of ≈ 2 to 3 eV and superior charge carrier mobility. It was first fabricated on Au(111), where, however, a network consisting of BlueP subunits and Au-linker atoms is formed. The physical properties of such an arrangement strongly differ from a freestanding BlueP monolayer. Here, we report on the growth of epitaxial BlueP on the Au(100) surface, which is an interesting alternative when aiming at quasi-freestanding BlueP domains. We find two different phosphorus phases by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and distortion-corrected low-energy electron diffraction. In the low coverage regime, we observe a commensurate (2 × 2) phase, whereas for higher coverage, a nearly hexagonal structure is formed. For the latter, the lattice parameters measured via atomically resolved scanning tunneling hydrogen microscopy closely resemble those of freestanding BlueP, and the typical height modulation of the phosphorus atoms is verified in our layers by means of x-ray photoelectron diffraction. We further analyze the chemical and electronic properties of these films by means of x-ray and (angle resolved) ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.
The role of plasma-molecule interactions on power and particle balance during detachment on the TCV tokamak
Authors: Verhaegh K. , Lipschultz B. , Harrison J.R. , Duval B.P. , Fil A. , Wensing M. , Bowman C. , Gahle D.S. , Kukushkin A. , Moulton D. , Perek A. , Pshenov A. , Federici F. , Février O. , Myatra O. , Smolders A. , Theiler C. , the TCV Team  , the EUROfusion MST1 Team  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper shows experimental results from the TCV tokamak that indicate plasma-molecule interactions involving

D

2

+

and possibly D− play an important role as sinks of energy (through hydrogenic radiation as well as dissociation) and particles (ions) during divertor detachment if low target temperatures (<3 eV) are achieved. Both molecular activated recombination (MAR) and ion source reduction due to a power limitation effect are shown to be important in reducing the ion target flux during a density ramp. In contrast, the electron–ion recombination (EIR) ion sink is too small to play an important role in reducing the ion target flux. MAR or EIR do not occur during N2 seeding induced detachment as the target temperatures are not sufficiently low. The impact of

D

2

+

is shown to be underestimated in present (vibrationally unresolved) SOLPS-ITER simulations, which could result from an underestimated

D

2

+

D

+

→

D

2

+

+
D

rate. The converged SOLPS-ITER simulations are post-processed with alternative reaction rates, resulting in considerable contributions of

D

2

+

to particle and power losses as well as dissociation below the D2 dissociation area. Those findings are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
Performance of the MICE diagnostic system
Authors: Bogomilov M. , Tsenov R. , Vankova-Kirilova G. , Song Y.P. , Tang J.Y. , Li Z.H. , Bertoni R. , Bonesini M. , Chignoli F. , Mazza R. , Palladino V. , de Bari A. , Orestano D. , Tortora L. , Kuno Y. , Sakamoto H. , Sato A. , Ishimoto S. , Chung M. , Sung C.K. , Filthaut F. , Fedorov M. , Jokovic D. , Maletic D. , Savic M. , Jovancevic N. , Nikolov J. , Vretenar M. , Ramberger S. , Asfandiyarov R. , Blondel A. , Drielsma F. , Karadzhov Y. , Charnley G. , Collomb N. , Dumbell K. , Gallagher A. , Grant A. , Griffiths S. , Hartnett T. , Martlew B. , Moss A. , Muir A. , Mullacrane I. , Oates A. , Owens P. , Stokes G. , Warburton P. , White C. , Adams D. , Bayliss V. , Boehm J. , Bradshaw T.W. , Brown C. , Courthold M. , Govans J. , Hills M. , Lagrange J.-B. , Macwaters C. , Nichols A. , Preece R. , Ricciardi S. , Rogers C. , Stanley T. , Tarrant J. , Tucker M. , Watson S. , Wilson A. , Bayes R. , Nugent J.C. , Soler F.J.P. , Gamet R. , Cooke P. , Blackmore V.J. , Colling D. , Dobbs A. , Dornan P. , Franchini P. , Hunt C. , Jurj P.B. , Kurup A. , Long K. , Martyniak J. , Middleton S. , Pasternak J. , Uchida M.A. , Cobb J.H. , Booth C.N. , Hodgson P. , Langlands J. , Overton E. , Pec V. , Smith P.J. , Wilbur S. , Chatzitheodoridis G.T. , Dick A.J. , Ronald K. , Whyte C.G. , Young A.R. , Boyd S. , Greis J.R. , Lord T. , Pidcott C. , Taylor I. , Ellis M. , Gardener R.B.S. , Kyberd P. , Nebrensky J.J. , Palmer M. , Witte H. , Adey D. , Bross A.D. , Bowring D. , Hanlet P. , Liu A. , Neuffer D. , Popovic M. , Rubinov P. , DeMello A. , Gourlay S. , Lambert A. , Li D. , Luo T. , Prestemon S. , Virostek S. , Freemire B. , Kaplan D.M. , Mohayai T.A. , Rajaram D. , Snopok P. , Torun Y. , Cremaldi L.M. , Sanders D.A. , Summers D.J. , Coney L.R. , Hanson G.G. , Heidt C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterised neutrino beams of a neutrino factory and for multi-TeV lepton-antilepton collisions at a muon collider. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) has demonstrated the principle of ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to reduce the phase-space volume occupied by the muon beam at such facilities. This paper documents the performance of the detectors used in MICE to measure the muon-beam parameters, and the physical properties of the liquid hydrogen energy absorber during running.
Combined impacts of climate and air pollution on human health and agricultural productivity
Authors: Sillmann Jana , Aunan Kristin , Emberson Lisa , Büker Patrick , Van Oort Bob , O’Neill Connie , Otero Noelia , Pandey Divya , Brisebois Anouk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Climate change and air pollution can interact to amplify risks to human health and crop production. This has significant implications for our ability to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. SDGs 2, 3, 13, 15) and for the design of effective mitigation and adaptation policies and risk management. To be able to achieve the SDG targets, closer integration of climate change and air pollution both in terms of impact assessment for human health and agricultural productivity and respective policy development is needed. Currently, studies estimating the impacts of climate and air pollutants on human health and crops mostly treat these stressors separately, and the methods used by the health and agricultural science communities differ. Better insights into the methods applied in the different communities can help to improve existing and develop new methods to advance our knowledge about the combined impacts of climate change and air pollution on human health and crops. This topical review provides an overview of current methodologies applied in the two fields of human health and agricultural crop impact studies, ranging from empirical regression-based and experimental methods to more complex process-based models. The latter are reasonably well developed for estimating impacts on agricultural crops, but not for health impacts. We review available literature addressing the combined effects of climate and air pollution on human health or agricultural productivity to provide insights regarding state-of-the-art knowledge and currently available methods in the two fields. Challenges to assess the combined effect of climate and air pollution on human health and crops, and opportunities for both fields to learn from each other, are discussed.
Effects of Prior Exposure to Conflicting Health Information on Responses to Subsequent Unrelated Health Messages: Results from a Population-Based Longitudinal Experiment
Authors: Nagler Rebekah H , Vogel Rachel I , Gollust Sarah E , Yzer Marco C , Rothman Alexander J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to conflicting health information can adversely affect public understanding of and trust in health recommendations. What is not known is whether prior exposure to such information renders people less receptive to subsequent unrelated health messages about behaviors for which the evidence is clear and consistent.

Purpose
This study tests this “carryover” effects hypothesis, positing that prior exposure to conflict will reduce receptivity to subsequent unrelated health messages, and examines potential affective and cognitive pathways through which such effects might occur.

Methods
A three-wave, online, population-based survey experiment (N = 2,716) assessed whether participants who were randomly assigned to view a series of health news stories and social media posts featuring conflict at Times 1 and 2 were ultimately less receptive at Time 3 to ads from existing health campaigns about behaviors for which there is scientific consensus, compared to those who saw the same series of stories and posts that did not feature conflict.

Results
Structural equation modeling revealed evidence of carryover effects of exposure to conflict on two dimensions of message receptivity: greater resistance to the unrelated ads and lower perceptions of the health behaviors featured in the ads. Modeling indicated that carryover effects were a function of generalized backlash toward health recommendations and research elicited by prior exposure to conflicting information.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the broader public information environment, which is increasingly characterized by messages of conflict and controversy, could undermine the success of large-scale public health messaging strategies.
What Strategy Is Better for Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination? A Comparison Between Gain-Framed, Loss-Framed, and Altruistic Messages
Authors: Gong Zepeng , Tang Zhiwei , Li Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background/Objective
Vaccination is an efficient public health strategy for controlling infectious diseases like the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of gain-framed, loss-framed, and altruism messages on willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine and confirms the best strategy for promoting vaccination.

Methods
Herein, we designed an online survey experiment, including a control (exposure to non-framed information) and three experimental (exposure to gain-framed, loss-framed, or altruistic messages) groups, to assess the vaccination willingness. All participants (n = 1316) were randomly assigned into one of the four groups.

Results
The individuals exposed to gain-framed, loss-framed, or altruism messages exhibited a higher willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine than those exposed to non-framed information. Moreover, the loss-framed information effect on vaccination willingness was more substantial than the other two messages. However, no significant difference was observed between the gain-framed and altruism messages.

Conclusion
This study suggests that a loss-framed information dissemination strategy could be preferable to motivate vaccination willingness against COVID-19.
Imaging protein aggregates in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lobanova Evgeniia , Whiten Daniel , Ruggeri Francesco S , Taylor Christopher G , Kouli Antonina , Xia Zengjie , Emin Derya , Zhang Yu P , Lam Jeff Y L , Williams-Gray Caroline H , Klenerman David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein plays a key role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. Soluble aggregates are present not only within human brain but also the CSF and blood. Characterizing the aggregates present in these biofluids may provide insights into disease mechanisms and also have potential for aiding diagnosis.
We used two optical single-molecule imaging methods called aptamer DNA-PAINT and single-aggregate confocal fluorescence, together with high-resolution atomic force microscopy for specific detection and characterization of individual aggregates with intermolecular β-sheet structure, present in the CSF and serum of 15 early stage Parkinson’s disease patients compared to 10 healthy age-matched controls.
We found aggregates ranging in size from 20 nm to 200 nm, in both CSF and serum. There was a difference in aggregate size distribution between Parkinson’s disease and control groups with a significantly increased number of larger aggregates (longer than 150 nm) in the serum of patients with Parkinson’s disease. To determine the chemical composition of the aggregates, we performed aptamer DNA-PAINT on serum following α-synuclein and amyloid-β immunodepletion in an independent cohort of 11 patients with early stage Parkinson’s disease and 10 control subjects. β-Sheet aggregates in the serum of Parkinson’s disease patients were found to consist of, on average, 50% α-synuclein and 50% amyloid-β in contrast to 30% α-synuclein and 70% amyloid-β in control serum [the differences in the proportion of these aggregates were statistically significant between diseased and control groups (P = 1.7 × 10−5 for each species)]. The ratio of the number of β-sheet α-synuclein aggregates to β-sheet amyloid-β aggregates in serum extracted using our super-resolution method discriminated Parkinson’s disease cases from controls with an accuracy of 98.2% (AUC = 98.2%, P = 4.3 × 10−5).
Our data suggest that studying the protein aggregates present in serum can provide information about the disruption of protein homeostasis occurring in Parkinson’s disease and warrants further investigation as a potential biomarker of disease.
Ischaemic tissue released microvesicles induce monocyte reprogramming and increase tissue repair by a tissue factor-dependent mechanism
Authors: Arderiu Gemma , Peña Esther , Badimon Lina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Despite increasing evidence that monocytes may acquire endothelial features, it remains unclear how monocytes participate in angiogenesis after ischaemic damage. We investigated whether ischaemic cells can release microvesicles (MVs) and promote neovascularization in a model of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods and results
To model PAD, we used an in vivo experimental model of hind-limb ischaemia (HLI) in mice. MVs were isolated from the ischaemic muscle and from peripheral blood at different times after unilateral femoral artery ligation. MVs were phenotypically characterized to identify cell origin. HLI in mice induced the release of MVs with a much higher content of tissue factor (TF) than non-HLI control mice both in the MVs isolated from the affected limb muscle area and from blood. MVs were mainly released from endothelial cells (ECs) and induced Mo differentiation to endothelial cell-like (ECL) cells. Differentiation to ECL cells encompassed highly strict hierarchical transcription factor activation, initiated by ETS1 activation. MVs secreted by microvascular ECs over-expressing TF (upTF-EMVs), were injected in the ischaemic hind-limb in parallel with control EMVs (from random siRNA-treated cells) or EMVs released by silenced TF ECs. In animals treated with upTF-EMVs in the ischaemic zone, there was a highly significant increase in functional new vessels formation (seen by magnetic resonance angiography), a concomitant increase in the pool of circulating Ly6Clow Mo expressing vascular EC markers, and a significantly higher number of Mo/macrophages surrounding and integrating the newly formed collaterals.

Conclusion
Ischaemia-activated ECs release EMVs rich in TF that induce monocyte differentiation into ECL cells and the formation of new vessels in the ischaemic zone. TF by this mechanism of formation of new blood microvessels can contribute to ischaemic tissue repair.
Blockchain: The New Art House
Authors: Gellman Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
NFTs (Non-fungible tokens) have been thrust into the spotlight as companies, people and artists seek to monetise creations, from artworks to tweets. Philippe Gellman, co-founder and CEO of Arteïa, talks to Johanna Hamilton about his creation of ‘the first Digital Catalogue Raisonné supported by blockchain’ and how cutting-edge tech is changing the art world.
Bombay High Court (re)assures that copyright registration is not required to remedy infringement
Authors: Wadhwa Muskaan , Saidha Manvee Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sanjay Soya Private Limited v. Narayani Trading Company, Interim Application (L) No. 5011 of 2020 and Commercial IP Suit No. 2 of 2021, High Court of Bombay, Maharashtra, judgment of 9 March 2021, by Mr. Justice G.S. Patel
The Bombay High Court, in the case of Sanjay Soya Private Limited v. Narayani Trading Company, held that copyright registration is not a prerequisite to claiming relief in copyright infringement cases. The judgment clarifies the dubiety created previously by a contrary judicial opinion and aligns the Indian position with international copyright principles.
Miley Cyrus ‘came in like a wrecking ball’: the American pop star succeeds in registering her name as an EU trade mark
Authors: Antoniou Alexandros 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
General Court, T–368/20, Smiley Miley, Inc. v European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), EU:T:2021:372
The article analyses the decision in Smiley Miley v EUIPO, in which the General Court held that the American singer-songwriter and actress Miley Cyrus was entitled to use her name as a trade mark. It considers the importance of this ruling in relation to the protection afforded to public figures of international recognition through trade marks in the EU.
Insect Pathogenic Fungi for Biocontrol of Plague Vector Fleas: A Review
Authors: Eads David A , Jaronski Stefan T , Biggins Dean E , Wimsatt Jeffrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBubonic plague is a lethal bacterial disease of great historical importance. The plague organism, Yersinia pestis, is primarily transmitted by fleas (Siphonaptera). In natural settings, where its range expands, Y. pestis resides in association with wild rodents and their fleas (sylvatic plague). While chemical insecticides are used against plague vector fleas, biological approaches have not been as critically evaluated. Benign and cost-effective control methods are sorely needed, particularly where imperiled species are at risk. Here we explore the potential of two representative insect pathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae Metschnikoff 1879 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), each already used commercially worldwide in large-scale agricultural applications, as candidate biopesticides for application against fleas. We review the life cycles, flea virulence, commercial production, and field application of these fungi, and ecological and safety considerations. Pathogenic fungi infections among natural flea populations suggest that conditions within at least some rodent burrows are favorable, and laboratory studies demonstrate lethality of these fungi to at least some representative flea species. Continued study and advancements with these fungi, under appropriate safety measures, may allow for effective biocontrol of plague vector fleas to protect imperiled species, decrease plague outbreaks in key rodent species, and limit plague in humans.
Integrated Tick Management in South Central Wisconsin: Impact of Invasive Vegetation Removal and Host-Targeted Acaricides on the Density of QuestingIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs
Authors: Mandli Jordan T , Lee Xia , Bron Gebbiena M , Paskewitz Susan M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs tick-borne disease incidence increases and pathogens expand into new areas, the need for effective tick management strategies is paramount. In this 5-yr study (2014–2018) conducted in south central Wisconsin, we assessed whether an integrated tick management approach, deployed during peak tick activity (May–August), was more effective at reducing black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae)), than individual interventions. Using a factorial design, invasive vegetation removal (Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii Ruprecht (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae) and common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae)) was coupled with deployments of permethrin-treated cotton nesting materials (tick tubes) that target the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque (Rodentia: Cricetidae)). Results show that the probability of encountering a larval tick by drag sampling was unaffected by treatments at the cumulative 5-yr level. However, vegetation removal significantly reduced larval encounters in 2014, 2015, and 2018, by 33%, 57%, and 61% respectively, and reduced the density of questing nymphal (DON) ticks by 45% in 2015 compared to controls. Despite the limited effect on DON, vegetation removal significantly reduced the cumulative 5-yr density of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infected nymphs (DIN) (70%) compared to controls as a result of decreased nymphal infection prevalence. Sites treated with tick tubes had lower DIN (66%) and DON (54%) across the study and nymphs were reduced every year following the initial year of deployment compared to controls. Combining treatments did not further reduce DIN or DONs. We conclude that long-term integration of tick tubes with invasive vegetation removal does not provide additional benefit over individual treatments alone.
From ‘Chinese Music’ to ‘Guoyue’: Shanghai Musicians and Translated Traditionality, 1919–1937
Authors: Chen Vincent Mu-chien 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
To explain the formation of guoyue (today also called huayue, minyue, or zhongyue) as a genre of music, I propose the concept of ‘translated traditionality’. I define traditionality as Shanghai musicians’ ideal of traditional Chinese music shown in their cultural enterprises named guoyue. By ‘translated’, I highlight that these musicians exercised the power of agenda-setting by actively debating and shaping the concept. First, I describe how different regional musics were gathered together under the title guoyue, analysing the socio-economic backgrounds that contributed to this convergence. Second, I examine guoyue musicians’ various approaches to conceptualizing ‘tradition’ and re-presenting these musics in the mediasphere. By investigating the gap between musical discourse and practice, I highlight the agency of guoyue musicians in utilizing such a difference to incorporate seemingly contradictory elements. In the end, with traditionality, musicians transformed guoyue into a genre that encompasses more than merely traditional Chinese musics.
SWALO: scaffolding with assembly likelihood optimization
Authors: Rahman Atif , Pachter Lior 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Scaffolding, i.e. ordering and orienting contigs is an important step in genome assembly. We present a method for scaffolding using second generation sequencing reads based on likelihoods of genome assemblies. A generative model for sequencing is used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of gaps between contigs and to estimate whether linking contigs into scaffolds would lead to an increase in the likelihood of the assembly. We then link contigs if they can be unambiguously joined or if the corresponding increase in likelihood is substantially greater than that of other possible joins of those contigs. The method is implemented in a tool called Swalo with approximations to make it efficient and applicable to large datasets. Analysis on real and simulated datasets reveals that it consistently makes more or similar number of correct joins as other scaffolders while linking very few contigs incorrectly, thus outperforming other scaffolders and demonstrating that substantial improvement in genome assembly may be achieved through the use of statistical models. Swalo is freely available for download at https://atifrahman.github.io/SWALO/.