bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and mineral composition of ashes from wood biomass combustion in domestic wood-fired furnaces
Authors: Smołka-Danielowska Danuta , Jabłońska Mariola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies on ashes produced from burning wood biomass in closed wood-fired furnaces, in individual household furnaces (Silesian Province, Poland). Dry sieve analysis and detailed granulometric analysis were performed with the Analysette 22 Micro Tec plus analyser. Content of the basic elements (Al, Si, P, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe) and potentially toxic elements (As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Relative enrichment factors (REFs) were calculated for the elements (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, As, Hg, and Cr), and the emissions (E) of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As to the environment were estimated. The carbon content (40.2%–45.8%), H (3.7%–6.1%), O (46.2%–50.2%), N (0.12%–0.32%), and S (0.11%–0.96%) in wood biomass varies and depends on the wood species and drying period. The content of volatile parts in wood biomass ranges between 69.3 and 81%. Ash content varies between 2.6 and 18.3%. The wood calorific value ranges from 13.6 MJ/kg to 17.4 MJ/kg. Moisture content in the wood biomass ranges from 13.7% (briquette) to 46.7% (fresh birch). Identification of mineral composition and phases yields a high share of calcite, monetite, fairchildite, and quartz in the examined ashes. The combustion of wood biomass in fireplaces results in increased emissions of Pb and Cd to the atmosphere and may be the cause of introducing pollutants to waters and soils during ash storage.
Development and testing of a novel geothermal wall system
Authors: Baralis Matteo , Barla Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShallow geothermal energy systems have the potential to contribute to the decarbonization of heating and cooling demands of buildings. These systems typically present drawbacks as high initial investments and occupancy of wide areas. In this study, a novel energy wall system is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional geothermal applications in urban areas. The system is characterized by ease of installation, low initial costs and applicability to existing buildings undergoing energy retrofitting. The paper illustrates the implementation of the prototype of such a system to an existing structure in Torino (Italy). An overview of the components is given together with the interpretation of an illustrative test carried out in heating mode. The data from both heating and cooling experimental campaigns allow us to highlight the potential of the proposed technology. The results suggest that an average thermal power of about 17 W per unit area can be exchanged with the ground in heating mode, while an average of 68 W per unit area is exchanged in cooling operations. The negligible impact on the stress–strain state of the wall and the surrounding soil thermal and hygrometric regime is also testified by the results collected. These aspects are associated with a reduced probability of interferences with other installations in highly urbanized areas, easiness of installation and affordable cost.
Fermatean fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach for occupational risk assessment in manufacturing
Authors: Gul Muhammet , Lo Huai-Wei , Yucesan Melih 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe importance of risk assessment in the context of occupational health and safety by manufacturing operators strengthens their hands in solving the problems they may encounter in business processes related to health and safety. One of the most important phases of conducting an exhaustive occupational risk assessment is to analyze potential hazards and associated risks quantitatively. Since manufacturing is one of the industries that require workers to be highly exposed to work, creating a safer environment to reduce occupational injuries is an important task. This study proposes a novel fuzzy risk assessment approach developed by integrating Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method for ranking potential hazards in manufacturing. FFSs are a new version of fuzzy set theory that covers the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. This version of the fuzzy set is crucial in the decision-making process to handle uncertain information more easily and reflect uncertainty better. A linguistic scale under Fermatean fuzzy documentation has also been developed for experts/decision makers to disclose their judgments easily. Occupational risk analysts can benefit from this approach since FFSs are used for the first time in occupational risk assessment, and the approach is presented in integration with TOPSIS. The proposed approach is applied in the aluminum plate-manufacturing process risk assessment. In the conclusion of the implementation, risks arising in the production are prioritized. In addition, this study made comparisons with other fuzzy methods to demonstrate the proposed approach’s difference and practicality. This study’s results can support practitioners and risk analysts in formulating the improvement measures to increase the safety of the work environment further.
Large-scale manufacturing route to metamaterial coatings using thermal spray techniques and their response to solar radiation
Authors: Faisal Nadimul Haque , Sellami Nazmi , Venturi Federico , Hussain Tanvir , Mallick Tapas , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus , Bishop Alex , Upadhyaya Hari , Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Goel Saurav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetamaterials, an artificial periodic two- or three-dimensional configuration, can change propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves (i.e., reflection, transmission, absorption). The current challenges in the field of metamaterial coatings are their manufacturing in a large-scale and large-length scale. There is a clear need to enhance process technologies and scalability of these. Thermal spraying is a method used to deposit small- to large-scale coatings where the sprayed layer is typically formed by the successive impact of fully or partially molten particles of a material exposed to various process conditions. This work aims to investigate the feasibility to manufacture large scale metamaterial coatings using the thermal spray technique and examine their response to solar radiation. Two types of coatings namely, Cr2O3 and TiO2, were deposited onto various substrates (e.g., steel, aluminium, glass, indium tin oxide (ITO)–coated glass) with a fine wire mesh (143 µm and 1 mm aperture sizes) as the masking sheet to manipulate the surface pattern using suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying (S-HVOF) and atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) methods, respectively. Post deposition, their responses subjected to electromagnetic wave (between 250 and 2500 nm or ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis)-infrared (IR) region) were characterised. The additional microstructural characterisation was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), three-dimensional profilometry, and optical spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that through novel application of thermal spray techniques, large-scale manufacturing of metamaterial coating is possible, and such material can affect electromagnetic wave propagation. Comparison between Cr2O3 and TiO2 coatings on aluminium substrates showed reduced three orders of reduced reflectance for Cr2O3 coatings (for 1-mm aperture size) throughout the spectrum. It was concluded that for a similar bandgap, Cr2O3 coatings on aluminium substrate will yield improved optical performance than TiO2 coating, and hence more useful to fabricate opto-electronic devices.
Graphical abstract
Exposure of the cytoplasm to low-dose X-rays modifies ataxia telangiectasia mutated-mediated DNA damage responses
Authors: Maeda Munetoshi , Tomita Masanori , Maeda Mika , Matsumoto Hideki , Usami Noriko , Kume Kyo , Kobayashi Katsumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe recently showed that when a low X-ray dose is used, cell death is enhanced in nucleus-irradiated compared with whole-cell-irradiated cells; however, the role of the cytoplasm remains unclear. Here, we show changes in the DNA damage responses with or without X-ray microbeam irradiation of the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated histone H2AX foci, a surrogate marker for DNA double-strand breaks, in V79 and WI-38 cells are not observed in nucleus irradiations at ≤ 2 Gy, whereas they are observed in whole-cell irradiations. Addition of an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor to whole-cell irradiations suppresses foci formation at ≤ 2 Gy. ABL1 and p73 expression is upregulated following nucleus irradiation, suggesting the induction of p73-dependent cell death. Furthermore, CDKN1A (p21) is upregulated following whole-cell irradiation, indicating the induction of cell cycle arrest. These data reveal that cytoplasmic radioresponses modify ATM-mediated DNA damage responses and determine the fate of cells irradiated at low doses.
Outcomes of Adult Ewing Sarcoma Treated with Multimodality Therapy: A Single-Institute Experience
Authors: Chandran Ravi , Kuruva Siva Prasad , Chennamaneni Rachana , Bala Stalin , Konatam Meher Lakshmi , Gundeti Sadashivudu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Ewing sarcoma (ES) is more common in children and relatively rare in adults. Adult ES has poor prognosis than children. Treatment approaches for adults have been extrapolated from pediatric experience. Data on adult ES are very few because of its rarity in adults. The present study was done to analyze the clinical profile and outcome of adult ES.
Aims The aim was to study the clinical and pathological treatment and outcomes in adult ES.
Subjects and Methods Between 2010 and 2017, a total of 73 ES patients with age more than 18 years were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis was done by plotting Kaplan–Meier curves.
Results A total of 73 patients were diagnosed with ES during 2010 to 2017. Among them, 43 (58.9%) had localized disease with a median age of 24.5 years. Males were 44 (60.3%) and females were 29 (39.7). Pain (75.3%) was the most common symptom at presentation. Nine patients had incomplete details and were excluded from the analysis. Among 21 (28.8%) patients, the lung (61.9%) was the most common site of metastasis followed by the bone, bone marrow, and brain. The median number of chemotherapy cycles in the localized disease was 14 (range 1–17), and in metastatic disease, it was 4 (range 1–7). Univariate analysis was done with respect to age (< 25 vs. ≥25), gender, elevated or normal serum lactate dehydrogenase level, tumor size (< 8 cm versus ≥8 cm), site (axial versus extremity), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) given or not. NACT had a significant impact on overall survival (OS) and the rest had no effect. At a median follow-up of 40 months, the 3-year OS in localized disease was 87.4%. In metastatic disease, the median OS was 13 months with 3-year OS of 26%.
Conclusions Outcomes with multimodality therapy in adult ES patients with localized disease are comparable to that of a pediatric cohort. However, metastatic disease has poor survival.
Demographic Trends in Carcinoma Esophagus from India along with a Brief Comparative Review of the Global Trends
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvind , Behuria Siva Shankar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Esophageal cancers (ECs) are more prevalent in the East Asian countries of the world, wherein squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the predominant histological subtype. In contrast, the patterns in the West are a bit heterogeneous, with esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) being the more frequent histological subtype. There is very sparse published Indian data pertaining to the demographic trends of ECs.
Materials and Methods Our study was a retrospective analysis of the demographic trends of 917 patients afflicted with ECs who were managed at our center over a 10-year period.
Results and Discussion EC accounted for nearly 4.1% of the total cancer burden managed at our center from January 2002 to December 2011. The mean age of our patient cohort was 54.2 years. The male:female ratio was nearly 1.7:1. Tobacco chewing was noted in 25.4%, smoking in 37%, while alcohol consumption was noted in approximately 20% of the patients. SCC was the most common histological subtype (78.3%), while ACs constituted only 9.9%. Eighty-nine percent of our patients presented with locally advanced staged tumors. Definitive chemoradiation was the most common modality of definitive management then; however, over the years, our preferred choice of the management of ECs has shifted to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by surgery in the carefully selected patients of locally advanced resectable ECs.
Conclusion Our study clearly shows SCC to be the most common histological subtype among ECs, a trend that has been observed in the vast majority of the East Asian nations. The epidemic rise in the incidence of esophageal ACs as seen in the West is not seen in our study. Periodic monitoring of the demographic trends of ECs is of great importance both for clinicians and policymakers. We hope that our study will enlighten both policy holders and clinicians to better channelize the efforts toward prevention and more effective management of this deadly cancer.
Marathi Translation and Linguistic Validation of an Updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Module for Head and Neck
Authors: Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J. , Jain Vandana S. , Bhanu Arya , Thakur Pradeep K. , Nirmal Padmini H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAim This study was aimed to translate an updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life module for head and neck (EORTC QLQ-H&N43) in grammatically and conceptually acceptable Marathi language and its linguistic validation.Materials and Methods Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The permission for translation was obtained from the EORTC translation unit (TU). The EORTC guidelines for the translation were followed to form a translation for pilot testing which was administered to 10 Marathi speaking head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients who gave informed written consent for the participation in the study. Patients were interviewed personally. The final Marathi translation was prepared and sent to EORTC TU for approval. Statistical analysis was performed using SYSTAT version 12 by Cranes software, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Results After getting permission, the translation files were received from EORTC TU, including Marathi EORTC QLQ-H&N35 for reference. Two forward translations, reconciled translation, back translations, first interim translation, translation for proof editing, and second interim translation (SIT) were prepared. This SIT was pilot tested in 10 Marathi-speaking HNSCC patients. Each patient was interviewed regarding difficulty in answering, confusing or offensive word, and reframing sentence. The questionnaire was well understood by patients reflecting its linguistic validity. After incorporating the changes as per the patient’s interview, updated translation was prepared and sent to EORTC TU which was accepted and approved by EORTC. The psychometric analysis of pilot testing showed that the questionnaire is acceptable.Conclusion Marathi translation of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 is well accepted and understandable. It can be used for future studies.
Real-World Data on the Effectiveness and Safety of wilate for the Treatment of von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Sholzberg Michelle , Khair Kate , Yaish Hassan , Rodgers George , Cruz Maria Sol , Mejía Cesar Montaño , Čermáková Zuzana , Matino Davide , Teitel Jerome , Barrie Alpha , Werner Sylvia , Prondzinski Mario von Depka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of wilate (human von Willebrand factor/coagulation factor VIII) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Here, we present real-world data on the use of wilate for the routine care of patients with VWD.
Objectives The objectives of this observational, prospective, phase 4 study were to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of wilate in on-demand treatment of bleeding episodes (BEs), long-term prophylaxis, and surgical prophylaxis among patients with any type of VWD.
Methods Patients were enrolled at 31 study centers in 11 countries and followed for up to 2 years. Safety endpoints included adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug tolerability. Effectiveness was assessed using annualized bleeding rates (ABRs) during prophylaxis and predefined criteria for the treatment of BEs and surgical prophylaxis.
Results A total of 111 patients (76 [68%] female) including 41 (37%) children were treated with wilate. Twenty-five patients received prophylaxis, 29 on-demand treatment, and 62 surgical prophylaxis. Tolerability was rated by patients as “excellent” for 96.2% of 6,497 infusions. No unexpected ADRs or thrombotic events were reported. Median ABR during prophylaxis was 1.9. Effectiveness was assessed as “excellent” or “good” by patients and investigators for 100% of BEs treated on-demand, 98% (patient rating) and 99% (investigator rating) of breakthrough BEs, and 99% of surgical procedures (investigator rating).
Conclusion wilate was safe, well tolerated, and effective for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in pediatric and adult VWD patients in a real-world setting.
Lower Antiplatelet Effect of Aspirin in Essential Thrombocythemia than in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Pedersen Oliver Buchhave , Hvas Anne-Mette , Ommen Hans Beier , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Grove Erik Lerkevang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and coronary artery disease (CAD) have increased risk of thromboembolic complications. In addition, a reduced antiplatelet effect of aspirin has been demonstrated in both patient groups. As ET is a platelet disorder, platelets may be more important for the thromboembolic risk in ET than in CAD. We aimed to investigate the antiplatelet effect of aspirin and platelet turnover in ET versus CAD patients.
Methods We included 48 ET patients and an age-matched group of 48 CAD patients. The effect of aspirin was evaluated by thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels and platelet aggregation. Platelet turnover was assessed by immature platelet count (IPC) and immature platelet fraction (IPF).
Results ET patients had reduced effect of aspirin compared with CAD patients, demonstrated by significantly higher TXB2 levels (median of differences = 22.3 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and platelet aggregation (median of differences = 131.0 AU*min, p = 0.0003). Furthermore, ET patients had significantly higher IPC (p < 0.0001) and IPF (p = 0.0004) than CAD patients.
Conclusion ET patients have lower 24-hour antiplatelet effect of aspirin than CAD patients. This may be explained by an increased platelet production and turnover counteracting the antiplatelet effect of aspirin. These findings strengthen the rationale for exploring novel antiplatelet regimens in ET patients to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
CyberKnife Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Recurrent or Oligometastatic Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Kataria Tejinder , Naga Pushpa , Banerjee Susovan , Gupta Deepak , Narang Kushal , Tayal Manoj , Bisht Shyam Singh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose Use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic lesions from a primary gynecologic cancer is a relatively new concept. The present study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and possible toxicity profile of CyberKnife SABR, recurrent or metastatic disease.
Materials/Methods CyberKnife VSI-based SABR was offered to 20 oligometastatic/recurrent gynecological cancer patients between 2013 and 2019. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics including radiotherapy details, clinical outcome in terms of local control rates, and toxicities are reported in this study.
Results Twenty-five recurrent or oligometastatic lesions for 20 primary gynecologic cancer patients including cervical (n = 8), ovarian (n = 6), endometrial (n = 5), and vulvar (n = 1) cancers were analyzed. Of these, 4 (16%) were intracranial lesions and remaining 21 (84%) were extracranial, consisting of 14 (67%) extrapelvic and 7 (33%) pelvic lesions. The median SABR dose delivered was 60 Gy biologically effective dose (range 42–133 Gy) in an average of four fractions (range 1–6). The mean follow-up was 18 (range 2–70) months. Local tumor control was achieved in 82% of patients. There was no grade ≥ 3 toxicity recorded.
Conclusion Our study results suggest that CyberKnife SABR is an effective treatment modality with no major morbidity in patients with recurrent or oligometastatic gynecological cancers.
Endothelium Activation Markers in Severe Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Role in Mortality Risk Prediction
Authors: Marchetti Marina , Gomez-Rosas Patricia , Sanga Eleonora , Gamba Sara , Verzeroli Cristina , Russo Laura , Restuccia Francesco , Schieppati Francesca , Bonanomi Ezio , Rizzi Marco , Fagiuoli Stefano , D'Alessio Andrea , Lorini Luca , Falanga Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction Endothelial damage and hypercoagulability are major players behind the hemostatic derangement of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Aim In this prospective study we assessed endothelial and inflammatory biomarkers in a cohort of COVID-19 patients, aiming to identify predictive factors of in-hospital mortality.Methods COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care (ICU) and non-ICU units at 2 Bergamo (Italy) hospitals from March 23 to May 30, 2020, were enrolled. Markers of endothelium activation including von-Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and fibrinolytic proteins (t-PA and PAI-1) were measured. Additionally, D-dimer, Fibrinogen, FVIII, nucleosomes, C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin were assessed.Results Sixty-three (45 ICU, and 18 non-ICU) patients, with a median age of 62 years were analyzed. Increased plasma levels of D-dimer, FVIII, fibrinogen, nucleosomes, CRP, and procalcitonin were observed in the whole cohort. Extremely elevated vWF levels characterized all patients (highest values in ICU-subjects). After a median time of 30 days, death occurred in 13 (21%) patients. By multivariable analysis, vWF-activity, neutrophil-count and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly associated with death. Using these variables, a linear score with 3-risk groups was generated that provided a cumulative incidence of death of 0% in the low-, 32% in the intermediate-, and 78% in the high-risk group.Conclusions COVID-19-induced hemostatic abnormalities are exacerbated by the severity of the disease and strongly correlate with the inflammatory status, underlying the link between coagulation, endothelial activation, and inflammation. Our study provides evidence for a role of vWF, together with neutrophils and PaO2/FiO2, as a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality by SARSCoV-2 infection.