bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aljulifi Mohammed Zaid , Mahzari Moeber , Alkhalifa Lujain , Hassan Esra , Alshahrani Abdullah Mohammed , Alotay Abdulwahed Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited.OBJECTIVES:Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM.DESIGN:Cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review.SETTING:Tertiary care center.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM.SAMPLE SIZE:539 patients.RESULTS:The prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy.CONCLUSIONS:This study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable.LIMITATIONS:Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.
Frequency of complications and risk factors associated with computed tomography guided core needle lung biopsies
Authors: Yucel Serap , Sayit Asli Tanrivermis , Tomak Leman , Celenk Cetin 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:Although transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) is an effective method for diagnosis of lung tumors, it has some complications. It is crucial to know the frequency and severity of the complications of TTNB and its risk factors in order to avoid them.OBJECTIVES:Evaluate the complications and risk factors of computed tomography guided core needle lung biopsies (CT-CNLB).DESIGN:Prospective evaluation of complications.SETTING:Single center in Turkey.PATIENTS AND METHODS:For CT-CNLBs performed between October 2017 and March 2018, the complications of biopsies were noted and classified as major and minor based on guidelines of the Society of Interventional Radiology.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The complications and risk factors for complications were evaluated.SAMPLE SIZE:123 adult patients.RESULTS:The most common complications were pulmonary hemorrhage (30.9%) and pneumothorax (22%). Increased overall pulmonary hemorrhage was observed with underlying emphysema (P=.022), non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.001), increased needle pathway (P<.001), fissure penetration (P=.011), increased number of pleura penetrations (P=.024), prolonged needle time across pleura (P=.037), and decreased lesion size (P=.033). The pneumothorax rate increased with non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.007), fissure penetration (P=.021), prolonged needle time across the pleura (P=.013), and decreased lesion size (P=.002). In the logistic regression analyses for he two most common complications, the only risk factor for both alveolar hemorrhage and pneumothorax was a non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.001, OR=14.7, 95% CI=3.9–55.4 for alveolar hemorrhage) and (P=.001, OR=156.2, 95% CI =7.34–3324.7 for pneumothorax).CONCLUSION:Most common complications of CT-CNLB were pneumothorax and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage with a 5.7% major complication rate. Choosing the shortest possible trans-pulmonary needle pathway minimizes the risk of complications.LIMITATIONS:Limited number of patients, absence of rare complications as death, air embolism, and needle tract seeding.CONFLICT OF INTEREST:None.
PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP MUTU TEH DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.)
Authors: Eviza Andi 
Published: April 2021

Tanaman gambir mengandung senyawa polifenol yang cukup tinggi, sama seperti senyawa yang terdapat dalam daun teh (Camelia sinensis). Banyak hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa polifenol bersifat sebagai antioksidan yang bermanfaat dalam mengobati penyakit ataupun menangkap radikal bebas yang terbentuk di dalam tubuh. Senyawa polifenol yang terdapat dalam daun gambir meliputi tanin, katekin, dan gambirin. Teh daun gambir dibuat melalui dua tahapan proses untuk memperoleh teh sesuai dengan formula yang diinginkan, yaitu pengolahan daun gambir menjadi daun gambir kering lalu dibuat menjadi teh daun gambir. Pengolahan lainnya, yaitu dengan melakukan proses fermentasi terhadap daun gambir. Perlakuan fermentasi pada pembuatan teh daun gambir masih bervariasi, belum dilakukan uji kandungan katekin, dan tannin yang merupakan kandungan utama dari gambir juga kandungan antioksidannya, kadar abu dan kadar airnya untuk mengetahui mutu dari teh herbal yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan lama proses fermentasi yaitu 18 jam, 24 jam, 30 jam, 36 jam, 42 jam dan 48 jam yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil analisa laboratorium yang diperoleh rata-rata kandungan katekin pada tiap perlakuan 3,12%, 2,17%, 2,25%, 1,82%, 1,85%, 1,69%, kandungan taninnya 6,39%, 5,51%, 3,82%, 2,43%, 2,29%, 1,78%, aktivitas antioksidan 326,73ppm, 309,10ppm, 317,68ppm, 317,68ppm, 226,39ppm, 226,78ppm, kadar abu 2,62%, 2,62%, 2,66%, 2,57%, 2,41%, 2,43%, kadar air 8,42%, 8,66%, 8,58%, 8,36%, 8,33% 8,40%.
UJI VIABILITAS BEBERAPA JENIS VARIETAS JAGUNG ( Zea Mays) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Nurhafidah Nurhafidah 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:1. Untuk mengetahui metode yang paling bagus digunakan untuk uji daya kecambah pada beberapa varietas jagung.2. Mengenal berbagai uji viabilitas dan vigor benih dengan pengecambahan, Uji Daya Berkecambah Benih, Uji Keserempakan Berkecambah Benih.3. Mengetahui spesifikasi berbagai metode Uji Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih dengan pengecambahan 4. Mengetahui kriteria kecambah normal dan abnormal.Penelitian ini di laksanakan di laboratorium Teknologi Benih Jurusan Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan di Politenik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2020. Metode yang akan gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengecambahan benih dengan substrat kertas yaitu: Uji di atas kertas, Uji antara kertas, Uji kertas digulung didirikan dalam plastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dalam faktorial 2 faktor yaitu; faktor pertama adalah varietas terdiri atas 3 taraf ( v1, v2, v3,) dan faktor ke dua terdiri atas 3 taraf (M1, M2, M3,). Setiap perlakuan diulang 2 kali. daya berkecambah pada uji UAK,UDK,UKDdP menunjukkan rata-rata daya berkecambah hampir sama dari ketiga metode tersebut. Rata-rata persentase daya berkecambah pada metode UDK,UAK,UKDdP berkisar 88 – 98 % untuk semua varitas yang di uji. Metode UDK berkisar 90 %, metode UDK 86 % dan UKDdP 98 %. Daya berkecambah merupakan tolok ukur viabilitas potensial yang merupakan simulasi dari kemampuan benih untuk tumbuhdan berproduksi normal dalam kondisi optimum Berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa tidak berpengaruh nyata dari beberapa varietas jagung yang di uji dari tiga metode uji yaitu,,uji diatar kertas (UAK),uji diatas kertas (UDK), uji kertas di gulung didirikan dalam plastik (UKDdP) dimana F hit.lebih kecil dari F tabel.
ERADICATION OF WILD LEVELS IN PUBLIC SERVICES IN BANDUNG CLASS I ROUTINE
Authors: Anwar Umar 
Published: April 2021

Illegal levies have been ingrained in the correctional ranks that exist throughout Indonesia. This has become a bad precedent for socialization in the community. With this, it is necessary to improve the integrity and transparent public service system that is provided to service recipient communities to improve public trust in correctional services in prisons and detention centers in Indonesia. Services that can be provided to service recipient communities are services that can be seen directly from the results and transparency in realizing excellent service and quality. Services that are a complaint against indications of illegal levies in prisons and detention are services to visits (bezel), remission proposals, assimilation, conditional leave, free explanatory leave, paid release, and the provision of other services needed by the community and prisoners.
To get information that is as clear as possible, this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods by measuring the behavior of officers, prisoners, and prisoners. The research uses in-depth interview methods to visitors (bezel), to prisoners and prisoners as data sampling and direct observation in the Class I Prison in Bandung to find out the actual conditions in the research locus.
The results of the study indicate the need for strengthening commitment with all levels of officials and officers in the Bandung Klas I Prison in eradicating illegal levies in providing services, increasing commitment and integrity in services, providing Information technology-based services and strict supervision of the giving of prisoners' rights. Realizing principles and regulations are necessary to provide guidance and training for all Klas I Bandung detention officers to strengthen Integrity in the implementation of tasks. With training and education can provide strength and insight for officers to be able to build integrity and commitment to good service in prison.
OPTIMIZING THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN FOSTERING PRISONERS WITH A BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Syahri 
Published: April 2021

Every a correctional institution is in each region indonesia would surely variegated in terms of any, Like for example is correctional institution for woman and children, where buildings correctional institution for both prisoners were built specifically to its own. But , the sometimes out of sight is that there are several prisoners in indonesia which has background disability. Development process it will also make the law office in criminal justice systems country can be realized with good. To provide training to convict moreover disability , should be understood that basic elements coaching convicts namely the inmate itself , the officers community elements to walk optimally.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO REDUCE THE ANXIETY OF NARRIVES TOWARDS FREE IN THE CLASS II A PAMEKASAN Narcotics Prison
Authors: Patandean Sira Te'dang 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce inmates’ prerelease anxiety in Narcotics Prison Class II A Pamekasan using a quasi-experimental single subject design (A-B) in 5 inmates. Instrument used is Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) of Janet Taylor Spence which has been widely used in Indonesia, including in prisons. Analysis of data using visual analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and calculating the value of r to determine effect size. The trend line on the visual analysis showed a decrease in inmates’ prerelease anxiety after the intervention Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that there are significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels before and after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given (p = 0.042). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results in post test 1 and post test 2 showed that no significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels (p = 0.785). This means that the results of intervention is likely to be maintained. The results of effect size calculation is done by calculating the value of r (r = 0.65) showed that CBT provides large effect to reduce the level of inmates’ prerelease anxiety. It can be concluded that CBT is effective to reduce the level of inmates'prerelease anxiety with large effect.
The End of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Iraqi state beyond Sykes-Picot: Between Imperialism and Revolution
Authors: Nasser Reginaldo Mattar , Amaral Rodrigo Augusto Duarte 
Published: April 2021

Há um consenso literatura acadêmica sobre a criação dos Estados modernos no Oriente Médio cujo ponto de partida para compreensão desse processo se dá no momento da desintegração do Império Otomano e sua substituição pelas potências europeias. No caso do Iraque, a campanha militar e os períodos de ocupação (1914-1920) e de mandato britânico (1920-1932) na Mesopotâmia prepararam o caminho para a criação do estado do Iraque, influenciando de forma significativa seu desenvolvimento político-histórico posterior. No entanto, para além das ações diplomáticas estabelecidas por acordos e tratados internacionais sob a partir das diretrizes estabelecidas pela Liga das Nações, esse processo não ocorreu num espaço vazio como, frequentemente, é mencionado nessa mesma literatura. Os embates por acessos ao petróleo da região, exemplificado pela disputa da região de Mosul, demonstram o caráter político-econômico da construção das novas fronteiras. Além disso, esse resultado não foi unicamente consequência de uma ação política planejada pelo Império Britânico, mas derivou também das revoltas anti-imperialistas em toda a região. Desta forma, o resultado político no Estado Iraque, e seu desenvolvimento subsequente, refletiu não apenas a presença das estruturas de poder imperiais, mas também devido a participação das comunidades e grupos locais, em conexão com movimentos internacionais.
Taxonomy of the Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Madeira archipelago
Authors: Freitas Énio , Aguín-Pombo Dora 
Published: April 2021

Ninety percent of the Cixiidae of the Macaronesian archipelagos are endemic. Each archipelago has its own endemics reaching a total of 31 taxa. The Madeira archipelago comprises five species: Cixius madeirensis China, 1938, C. verticalis Noualhier, 1897, C. chaoensis China, 1938, Hyalesthes madeires Remane &#38; Hoch, 1986 and H. portonoves Remane &#38; Hoch, 1986. Good knowledge concerning taxonomy, habitat information and distribution are essential for the conservation of the biodiversity of this rich archipelago. However, due to intraspecific variation and incomplete descriptions, misidentifications of Madeira cixiids have been common. In this work, the taxonomy of this family is reviewed and ecological data based on material collected over more than forty years are presented. A new species, Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., is described. A new combination, Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) comb. nov., is proposed, and a new record, Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761), is reported. Lectotypes are designated for Tachycixius chaoensis and C. verticalis. The genital structures of the latter species are depicted for the first time. All species are diagnosed, described, photographed and illustrated, and an identification key for the family is provided. Thanks to this new information, Madeira together with Tenerife are the two Macaronesian islands with the highest number of endemic species of cixids.
Pattern of Lower Limb Doppler Ultrasonography Requests and Findings in a Tertiary Institution in Makurdi; North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Msuega Chia Daniel , Terkimbi Annongu Isaac , Mohammed Hameed , Iorpagher Kator Paul , Aliyu Abdullahi 
Published: April 2021

Background: Doppler ultrasound scan (DUS) is a valuable, cost effective, and relatively rapid diagnostic technique that provides a non-invasive assessment of the vascular circulation in the lower limb.
Aims: To determine the pattern of lower limbs Doppler requests in our environment and to evaluate the Doppler findings.
Study Design: Retrospective study
Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department of Benue state university Teaching Hospital over a one-year period from January 2018 to December 2018.
Methods: We included 200 patients that had lower limb Doppler ultrasound for various indications. Data on age, gender, indications and findings was retrieved from departmental cards and case notes, then collated and analyzed using SPSS software version 23, with the P value taken as =.005.
Results: Two hundred patients were scanned;106 males and 94 females with age range of 10-109 years. Their mean age was 34.2 ±13.5 years. Most patients 48(24.0%), who presented for Doppler sonography of the lower limb had diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), followed by left leg swelling in 42(21.0%) patients. DVT alone was indicated in 33(16.5%) patients. Both DFU and DVT were more in the male patients with a M:F ratio of 26:22 and 21:12 respectively. The indications for lower limb doppler ultrasound scan are seen to generally increase with increasing age, with the least among those less than 40years 32(16.0%) and highest among the greater than 60years age groups 89(44.5%). At doppler ultrasound, there are more patients with Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 104(52.0%). Normal study and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) have equal incidence respectively in 48(24%) of the patients. DVT and PVD were more in the male group with a M: F ratio of 55:49 and 27:21 respectively while normal studies were seen equally in both sexes (M: F=24:24).
Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound has been shown to be a cost-effective and valuable non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of lower limb vascular diseases.
Pattern of Use Unlicensed Medication in Pediatrics: A Retrospective Study at Major Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alolayan Abdulaziz , Almansour Basil , Barnawi Yasmin , Munawar Husam , Almodamegh Saad , Aldossari Huda , Mansy Wael 
Published: April 2021

Background: Unlicensed medication use (off label use) is common in pediatrics practice. There are more than 75% of drugs which approved for using in adults, data of efficacy and safety in pediatric population is not completely available, and missed data might be due to some reasons mainly ethical consideration. Our study aimed to assess practicing of using of unlicensed medication in pediatrics at major tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective review of pediatrics prescriptions that were prescribed as unlicensed medication use by collection of all unlicensed use forms that known as form B which approved by pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee at Prince Sultan Military Medical city (PSMMC). Data collection stared from January 2018 until the end of 2020. Children up to 14 years of age and administered at least one medication were eligible to participate in the study.
Results: The total collected off label prescriptions (both in and out patients) was 128 from January 2018 till end of 2020. Prescription for females were 39.84% while their male counterparts were 60.16%. Ophthalmology, Oncology and both Otorhinolaryngology and general pediatrics were the most frequent specialties prescribed unlicensed medications by 34.38%, 19.53% and 8.59% respectively. Overall, unlicensed medicine use was highest (33.6%) for products belong to monoclonal antibodies class. Surgical intervention was the commonest indication for using unlicensed medication (35.94%) followed by infectious diseases treatment (14.06%). Represented as the cumulative off-label frequency percentage, the most common reason of off-label use was by indication (35.94%), frequency (33.18%), Dose (19.82%), while for the route was almost (11.06%). The highest frequency of off label prescriptions according to pharmacological class split by gender and age category showed significance level of 0.045 in males and 0.001 in infants respectively.
Conclusion: Class variability of unlicensed medications in this study, sought us to confirm that physician using this therapeutic option yet ethically, but in a disorganized manner. Thus, prescribing unlicensed drugs specifically in pediatric needs to be better validated by current and new evidence. The findings of this study call for further research across the kingdom to start off label legislation process under SFDA authority. Current off-label dosage amounts pose concerns about drug safety exceptionally in children.
Detecting the Disease before it’s Too Late
Authors: Utkarsh . 
Published: April 2021

Specific trials or examination exists in detecting deadly diseases. Various facilities are provided these days for determining many chronic diseases, like in detecting cancer, tuberculosis, keratin level (dialysis), coronary artery disease, etc. But delaying in diagnosing emergency cases which need very quick action will lead to adverse situations. The process of this early detection of disease starts with a special test and further process depends on the special test result whether it is positive or negative. The sad reality of modern technology in the medical industry is that there is very less availability of vanguard doctors, who can help patients in diagnosing their disease, which can be treated successfully as soon as possible diagnosis has been done. Therefore, Hong Kong University (HKU) scientists discovered “Biomarker” which is being rapidly used by physicians, Neuroscientists and epidemiologists in measuring the intensity of disease provided with the details of its cause and treatment. Biomarkers possess possibilities in making wishes of doctors and scientists into reality, to identify that person who is at high risk of any disease so that doctors can take protective measures in saving that life within time. Nevertheless, according to Global data “Biomarkers” are a useful instrument in examining COVID-19 vaccine and fastening the process of clinical trials, decreasing the development cost and decreasing patient security risk. They also can be utilized to find the drug which can help in treating Covid-19 patients and can also be used to determine which drugs might be able to treat COVID-19 patients.