bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient crying during psychotherapy intake sessions: Relationship to patient characteristics and early treatment process
Authors: Capps Umphlet Kristen L. , Fiori Katherine L. , Mullin Anthony S. J. , Cain Lylli A. , Hilsenroth Mark J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to further the understanding of who cries at the beginning of psychotherapy and patients' experience of crying in that process. Intake sessions for 53 patients beginning psychotherapy at a university‐based clinic were coded for discrete crying segments. Data about patient characteristics were also collected at intake. Results indicate that crying during intake sessions was related to lower global functioning and higher severity of childhood sexual abuse. Furthermore, patients who cried at intake were over four times more likely to also cry at feedback, and those who cried at feedback were almost 12 times more likely to have cried at intake. Finally, crying in the intake session did not appear to be related to patient‐ or therapist‐rated working alliance. Overall, the present study provides valuable information about characteristics of patients who cry at the outset of the therapy process and patients' experience of crying over time in therapy. Findings suggest the need for further research on patient characteristics and aspects of the therapy process that may predict patient crying over the course of treatment, as well as how these early crying experiences may be related to eventual patient outcomes.
Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Based Cell Therapies: Promise, Progress, and Challenges
Authors: Madrid Marinna , Sumen Cenk , Aivio Suvi , Saklayen Nabiha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lies in their ability to serve as a starting material for autologous, or patient‐specific, stem cell–based therapies. Since the first publications describing the generation of iPSCs from human tissue in 2007, a Phase I/IIa clinical trial testing an autologous iPSC‐derived cell therapy has been initiated in the U.S., and several other autologous iPSC‐based therapies have advanced through various stages of development. Three single‐patient in‐human transplants of autologous iPSC‐derived cells have taken place worldwide. None of the patients suffered serious adverse events, despite not undergoing immunosuppression. These promising outcomes support the proposed advantage of an autologous approach: a cell therapy product that can engraft without the risk of immune rejection, eliminating the need for immunosuppression and the associated side effects. Despite this advantage, there are currently more allogeneic than autologous iPSC‐based cell therapy products in development due to the cost and complexity of scaling out manufacturing for each patient. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward clinical translation of autologous iPSC‐based cell therapies. We also highlight technological advancements that would reduce the cost and complexity of autologous iPSC‐based cell therapy production, enabling autologous iPSC‐based therapies to become a more commonplace treatment modality for patients. © 2021 The Authors.
Board diversity and corporate social performance: Does the family firm status matter?
Authors: Veltri Stefania , Mazzotta Romilda , Rubino Franco Ernesto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate whether the board of directors (BoD) diversity affect corporate social performance (CSP), an alternative measure of corporate performance based on social outcomes. The article distinguishes between a structural diversity of boards (proxied by director independence), and a demographic diversity in boards (proxied by gender diversity) and our concept of CSP. The sample is constituted of the firms listed to the FTSE‐MIB index, which comprehends the most Italian capitalized listed firms. The analysis, covering a ten‐year period (2010–2019), provides evidence that independent directors positively affect CSP and that gender has no effect on CSP. We also tested the association between BoD and CSP separately for family firms (FFs) and non‐family firms (NFFs) to investigate whether FF status is a contingent condition modifying the effect of board features on CSP. Our result provide evidence of it.
Utilize the shift‐and‐add architecture to approximate multiple nonlinear functions
Authors: Xiong Botao , Sui Yuanfeng , Jia Zhi , Li Sicun , Chang Yuchun 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe piecewise linear approximation method is used to estimate the non‐linear functions, which is implemented by the shift‐and‐add architecture consisting of three blocks: “adder tree,” “multiplexer,” and “segment index encoder.” Compared with state of the art, the design flow in this letter enables the “adder tree” and “multiplexer” blocks can be shared by multiple nonlinear functions. In other words, the shift‐and‐add architecture can approximate multiple nonlinear functions with a slight overhead. The fused Log and Antilog converter demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method. The Antilog function is implemented by the Log converter at the cost of 14% cell area and 6% delay.
The living heart: Climate gradients predict desert mountain endemism
Authors: McDonald Peter J. , Jobson Peter , Köhler Frank , Nano Catherine E. M. , Oliver Paul M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMountain regions are centers of biodiversity endemism at a global scale but the role of arid‐zone mountain ranges in shaping biodiversity patterns is poorly understood. Focusing on three guilds of taxa from a desert upland refugium in Australia, we sought to determine: (a) the relative extent to which climate, terrain or geological substrate predict endemism, and (b) whether patterns of endemism are complimentary across broad taxonomic guilds. We mapped regional endemism for plants, land snails, and vertebrates using combined Species Distribution Models (SDMs) for all endemic taxa (n = 82). We then modelled predictors of endemism using Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) and geology, terrain, and climate variables. We tested for the presence of inter‐ and intraguild hotspots of endemism. Many individual plant and land snail taxa were tightly linked with geology, corresponding to small distributions. Conversely, most vertebrate taxa were not constrained to specific geological substrates and occurred over larger areas. However, across all three guilds climate was the strongest predictor of regional endemism, particularly for plants wherein discrete hotspots of endemism were buffered from extreme summer temperatures. Land snail and vertebrate endemism peaked in areas with highest precipitation in the driest times of the year. Hotspots of endemism within each guild poorly predicted endemism in other guilds. We found an overarching signal that climatic gradients play a dominant role in the persistence of endemic taxa in an arid‐zone mountain range system. An association with higher rainfall and cooler temperatures indicates that continuing trends toward hotter and drier climates may lead to range contractions in this, and potentially other, arid‐zone mountain biotas. Contrasting patterns of endemism across guilds highlight the need to couple comprehensive regional planning for the protection of climate refugia, with targeted management of more localized and habitat specialist taxa.
Moving academic conferences online: Aids and barriers to delegate participation
Authors: Raby Cassandra L. , Madden Joah R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn‐person academic conferences are important to disseminate research and provide networking opportunities. Whether academics attend in‐person conferences is based on the cost, accessibility, and safety of the event. Therefore, in‐person conferences are less accessible to academics and stakeholders that are unable to overcome some of these factors, which then act as a barrier to equal and inclusive participation. Additionally, the carbon footprint of conference travel is increasingly becoming a factor in deciding on whether to attend a conference. Online conferences may provide opportunities to mitigate these challenges. Here, we illustrate how a learned society can move their conference online. Then, comparing data acquired from the virtual conference and previous in‐person conferences, we explore the aids and barriers influencing the decision of delegates to attend the meetings. Ultimately, moving meetings online aids delegate participation by removing concerns about travel, cost, and carbon emissions, but there remains a barrier to participation as online meetings are perceived as less effective for networking and social opportunities.
Treatment of patients with Graves’ disease in Sweden compared to international surveys of an ‘index patient’
Authors: Sjölin Gabriel , Byström Kristina , Holmberg Mats , Törring Ove , Khamisi Selwan , Calissendorff Jan , Lantz Mikael , Hallengren Bengt , Filipsson Nyström Helena , Planck Tereza , Wallin Göran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe treatment strategies for a 42‐year‐old female index patient with moderate Graves’ disease (GD) vary according to several international surveys. The important question whether surveys of treatment preferences in theoretical patient cases also match how real patients are treated has not yet been addressed.Materials and MethodsFrom a Swedish cohort of 1186 GD patients (TT‐12 cohort), 27 women were identified using the same criteria as from the index patient surveys from the European and American Thyroid Associations. This ‘index patient cohort’ was age 40–45, otherwise healthy female, with two children and uncomplicated GD. The applied first‐line treatment of the patients in the index cohort, together with its variations, was compared with the treatment preferences according to international surveys. A comparison with the TT‐12 cohort was also performed.ResultsIn the ‘Index cohort’, 77.8% were treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD), and 22.2% were treated with radioiodine (131I). This preference for ATD is in line with most countries/regions, with the exception of USA and the Middle East/North Africa, where 131I was preferred. The distribution of treatment in the TT‐12 cohort did not significantly differ from the index cohort. ATD was the preferred treatment in male and young (age 19–22) patients, as was RAI in old (age 69–73) patients. The age‐related, but not the gender‐related, cases differed significantly from the entire TT‐12 cohort.ConclusionThe treatment choice in an index patient in Sweden seems in line with European practice, where ATD is the preferred first choice. This differs compared to US and North African survey intentions, where 131I is more often used. Age more than gender influences the treatment choice of GD patients. This is, to our best knowledge, the first time an index patient from ‘real life’ has been presented and compared to treatment preferences of international thyroid association surveys.
A New Voltammetric Approach for Electrochemical Determination of Lamotrigine in Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: Ciucu Anton A. , Buleandră Mihaela , Ciurea Tatiana , Stoica Vlad N. , Ştefanescu Cristian D. , Ciobanu Adela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new linear sweep voltammetric method for quantitative lamotrigine (LMT) determination based on an electrochemically pre‐treated pencil graphite electrode (PGE*) is presented. Response characteristics of the PGE* toward the mentioned compound were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The quantitative determination of LMT revealed a wide linear range of 2.5 ⋅ 10−5–1.0 ⋅ 10−3 M with a detection limit of 1.94 ⋅ 10−5 M. The method was used successfully for LMT determination in a pharmaceutical formulation.
Simultaneous separation of 17 anions by capillary electrophoresis with the addition of an organic solvent
Authors: Hata Kazuki , Nonaka Noriko , Sato Nobuyuki , Kaneta Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeventeen inorganic and organic anions, that normally are insufficiently separated via ion chromatography, were completely separated by the addition of an organic solvent to a solution of BGE combined with an adjustment of the apparent pH via CE in combination with indirect UV absorbance detection. Methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile were examined for their utility in manipulating the selective separation of anions. Methanol and acetonitrile were better modifiers than ethanol at enhancing the resolution of anions comigrating in an aqueous solution of BGE. Methanol was selected as the modifier that provided the largest separation window that could achieve a complete separation of the target analytes. Via the use of methanol, manipulation of the selectivity between inorganic anions and that between inorganic and organic anions was enhanced, but the separation between organic anions remained difficult when only methanol was used. By varying the apparent pH of the BGE in the presence of 10% v/v methanol, however, the separation selectivity between organic anions was substantially improved. Eventually, 7 inorganic and 10 organic anions were simultaneously separated using BGE at a pH of 6.3 in the presence of 10% v/v methanol.
Cortical and subcortical responsiveness to intensive adaptive working memory training: An MRI surface‐based analysis
Authors: Wu Qiong , Ripp Isabelle , Emch Mónica , Koch Kathrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWorking memory training (WMT) has been shown to have effects on cognitive performance, the precise effects and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are, however, still a matter of debate. In particular, the impact of WMT on gray matter morphology is still rather unclear. In the present study, 59 healthy middle‐aged participants (age range 50–65 years) were pseudo‐randomly single‐blinded allocated to an 8‐week adaptive WMT or an 8‐week nonadaptive intervention. Before and after the intervention, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and cognitive test performance was assessed in all participants. Vertex‐wise cortical volume, thickness, surface area, and cortical folding was calculated. Seven subcortical volumes of interest and global mean cortical thickness were also measured. Comparisons of symmetrized percent change (SPC) between groups were conducted to identify group by time interactions. Greater increases in cortical gyrification in bilateral parietal regions, including superior parietal cortex and inferior parietal lobule as well as precuneus, greater increases in cortical volume and thickness in bilateral primary motor cortex, and changes in surface area in bilateral occipital cortex (medial and lateral occipital cortex) were detected in WMT group after training compared to active controls. Structural training‐induced changes in WM‐related regions, especially parietal regions, might provide a better brain processing environment for higher WM load.
Cortisol reactivity in preschoolers at home and child care: Effects of setting in eliciting a normative stress response by child race/ethnicity
Authors: Dominguez Amy , Mendoza Marina , Badanes Lisa , Dmitrieva Julia , Watamura Sarah Enos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopmental programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is theorized as a mechanism through which early life experiences are linked to later health outcomes. Despite the importance of understanding early stress responses, reliably eliciting stress responses in young children can be challenging. The current study measured salivary cortisol reactivity in a diverse sample of preschoolers. A standardized challenge paradigm was administered at home and at child care for each child, allowing for comparison of normative cortisol reactivity between settings. Results demonstrated that administration at home was associated with significant cortisol reactivity, while administration at child care was not. In comparison to white children, racially and ethnically diverse children exhibited lower cortisol reactivity in response to the home stressor. Results suggest that home‐based stress paradigms may be particularly effective at eliciting a stress response in this age range. Possible interpretations of differences by child race/ethnicity are discussed.Highlights
Differential physiological responses to stress examined between home and childcare environments for a diverse sample of preschoolers.
Significant cortisol reactivity was elicited at home but not at childcare, suggesting that home visits create a novel, naturalistic stressor for young children.
Latinx and non‐Latinx minority children exhibited lower physiological reactivity in comparison to white children – cultural and methodological considerations are discussed.
The effect of Chinese herbal medicine on digestive system and liver functions should not be neglected in COVID‐19: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Shihua , Wang Fei , Li Jiang , Li Yulong , Li Weihao , Wu Xiaoping , Kou Shuo , Wu Yongcan , Wang Xiaomin , Pei Caixia , Huang Demei , Qiu Heng , Wang Peili , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, profiles of different pharmaceutical interventions used are relatively underexplored. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been increasingly used for patients with COVID‐19, but the efficacy of CHM used in COVID‐19 on gastrointestinal symptoms and liver functions has not been well studied with definitive results based on the updated studies. The present study aimed at testing the efficacy of CHM on digestive symptoms and liver function (primary outcomes), the aggravation of COVID‐19, and the time to viral assay conversion (secondary outcomes), among patients with COVID‐19, compared with standard pharmacotherapy. The literature search was undertaken in 11 electronic databases from December 1, 2019 up to November 8, 2020. Appraisal of the evidence was conducted with Cochrane risk of bias tool or Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A random‐effects model or subgroup analysis was conducted when significant heterogeneity was identified in the meta‐analysis. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach. Forty‐eight included trials involving 4,704 participants were included. Meta‐analyses favored CHM plus standard pharmacotherapy for COVID‐19 on reducing the aggravation of COVID‐19 and the time to viral assay conversion compared with standard pharmacotherapy. However, the present CHM as a complementary therapy for treating COVID‐19 may not be beneficial for improving most gastrointestinal symptoms and liver function based on the current evidence. More well‐conducted trials are warranted to confirm the potential efficacy of CHM furtherly.
The Manchester perspective on using the Design Project to enhance the education of chemical engineering students
Authors: Kiss Anton A , Webb Colin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Design Project is a major piece of work for any undergraduate in chemical engineering, and it enables students to demonstrate skills and knowledge gained elsewhere in the degree programme alongside their own abilities to create and innovate. As such, the main learning process is activity based and associated with the undertaking of an open‐ended, but time‐limited, project that poses significant challenges to most students. Particularly in the UK context, the importance of the Design Project is recognized via its inclusion as a separate and very significant element in the accreditation of all engineering degrees. During the past decade, developments in the Chemical Engineering Design Project at the University of Manchester have led to international recognition and prestigious awards. This perspective article aims to identify the best education practices associated with the Manchester experience and to share these for the potential benefit of programmes elsewhere. The paper includes specific details regarding the module specifications, learning outcomes, organization of the Design Project activities, individual and team‐based work, reporting requirements, assessment procedures, and other aspects. The feedback received annually from students and fellow Design Project programme directors from other universities is also considered and the different perspectives are evaluated. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Impedimetric genosensor based on graphene nanoribbons for detection and identification of oncogenic types of human papillomavirus
Authors: Lucena Raiza PS , Frías Isaac AM , Lucena‐Silva Norma , Andrade César AS , Oliveira Maria DL 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a large group of viruses that infect skin and mucosa causing warts and epithelial tumors known as papillomas. Although HPV can be contracted during sexual intercourse including vaginal, anal and oral sex, skin‐to‐skin contact is sufficient to cause infection. Asymptomatic patients can have the virus and pass it on without knowing it. Due to the scarcity of rapid and inexpensive methods available to identify HPV serotypes, herein we report an electrochemical genosensor as an alternative to current molecular and serological HPV identification methods. Graphene nanoribbons were used as transducers to immobilize MY11 DNA probe, a degenerate probe generally employed in polymerase chain reaction amplification of a broad spectrum of HPV DNA types.RESULTSCyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the construction of the platform and the biodetection process. Our results suggest that oncogenic subtypes of HPV are quickly detected and identified in the picogram range. Impedimetric responses grouped for known genotypically related HPV 51, 53 and 66 subtypes related to anogenital lesions. Additionally, our genosensor was able to successfully detect HPV types 16 and 18 in cervical specimens (cDNA samples) at concentrations of 1 amol L−1, 100 amol L−1, 100 fmol L−1, 50 pmol L−1 and 100 pmol L−1 with a detection limit of 3.5 and 1.2 amol L−1 for HPV 16 and HPV 18, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed genosensor platform can be considered a new tool for detecting and identifying HPV genotypes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Para‐xylene under extreme conditions: A Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Chaurasia Shivanand , Rao Usha , Mohan Ashutosh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPara‐xylene is one of the highly used aromatic compounds in petroleum, chemical, agriculture, aviation, and polymer industries, and hence, it is necessary to study p‐Xylene behavior under extreme conditions (high pressure and high temperature). Here, we report a detailed study on p‐Xylene under nanosecond laser‐driven dynamic compression (up to 4.5 GPa) and shock temperatures (up to 1,300 K). The experimental observations are compared with previous reported study using hydrostatic compression. A time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy is also done for the estimation of shock velocity in the p‐Xylene sample using the intensity ratio of the Raman modes from the shocked region to that of the whole sample region. The shock velocities for the laser energy on sample at 700 mJ (corresponding pressure 2.5 GPa) deduced by the Raman active modes at 810, 827, and 1204 cm−1 are 3.60 ± 0.46, 3.67 ± 0.17, and 3.78 ±0.09 km/s, respectively. One‐dimensional (1‐D) radiation hydrodynamic simulation is also performed for the validation of experimental results. The shock velocity from the simulation at the same laser energy is 3.51 km/s and is in good agreement with the experimental data. The Gruneisen parameters calculated for various Raman modes such as ν10 (644 cm−1), ν13 (810 cm−1), ν14 (827 cm−1), ν18 (1,204 cm−1), ν27 (2,863 cm−1), ν30 (3,011 cm−1), and ν31 (3,053 cm−1) are γi = 0.08959 ± 0.00687,0.1956 ± 0.03851,0.19888 ± 0.01417,0.05477 ± 0.02143,0.09342 ± 0.0335,0.00551 ± 0.02472,0.01942 ± 0.02244, respectively, and are volume independent.