bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Emissive Layers based on Organic/Inorganic Nanohybrids Using Aggregation Induced Emission Effect
Authors: Phelipot Jonathan , Ledos Nicolas , Dombray Thomas , Duffy Matthew P. , Denis Mathieu , Wang Ting , Didane Yahia , Gaceur Meriem , Bao Qinye , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Delugas Pietro , Mattoni Alessandro , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Margeat Olivier , Ackermann Jörg , Hissler Muriel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorescent nanohybrids, based on π‐extended hydroxyoxophosphole ligands grafted onto ZnO nanoparticles, are designed and studied. The restriction of the intramolecular motions of the organic fluorophore, through either aggregates’ formation in solution or processing into thin films, forms highly emissive materials due to a strong aggregation induced emission effect. Theoretical calculations and XPS analyses were performed to analyze the interactions between the organic and inorganic counterparts. Preliminary results on the use of these nanohybrids as solution‐processed emissive layers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) illustrate their potential for lighting applications.
Natural Hyperbolic Dispersion with Anisotropic Epsilon‐Near‐Zero and Epsilon‐Near‐Pole in Squaraine Molecular Film
Authors: Kim Minjae , Choi Kyu Ri , Lee Yeon Ui , Heinrich Benoît , Ko Soo Young , Mathevet Fabrice , Ribierre Jean‐Charles , D'Aléo Anthony , Wu Jeong Weon , Placide Virginie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEpsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) optical material has been employed in a number of novel linear and nonlinear optical applications, owing to the vanishing polarization upon an incident optical wave. In a uniaxial medium possessing hyperbolic energy–momentum dispersion of optical wave, ENZ can take place at ordinary and extraordinary permittivities. Organic thin films presenting a lamellar structure have been reported to exhibit a transverse negative hyperbolic dispersion with ENZ at ordinary permittivity. Here, organic thin film with ENZ at extraordinary permittivity is demonstrated. Newly synthesized polymethine dye (i.e., squaraine indolenine triethyleneglycol molecule) self‐organizes to form a layered structure in a pristine film, and both transverse negative and positive hyperbolic dispersions are observed at visible wavelengths. Analysis of tens‐nanometer‐thick pristine film shows that both ENZ and epsilon‐near‐pole (ENP) occur at longitudinal as well as transverse component of dielectric permittivity. Optical characterization of squaraine pristine film is presented, and the importance of transverse positive hyperbolic dispersion in such monolithic thin film is discussed.
Hepatokine Pregnancy Zone Protein Governs the Diet‐Induced Thermogenesis Through Activating Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Lin Jun , Jiang Xiaoxiao , Dong Meng , Liu Xiaomeng , Shen Qiwei , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Hanlin , Ye Rongcai , Zhou Huiqiao , Yan Chunlong , Yuan Shouli , Wu Xiangnan , Chen Li , Wang Yanfang , He Min , Tao Yi , Zhang Zhaoyun , Jin Wanzhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntermittent fasting (IF), as a dietary intervention for weight loss, takes effects primarily through increasing energy expenditure. However, whether inter‐organ systems play a key role in IF remains unclear. Here, a novel hepatokine, pregnancy zone protein (PZP) is identified, which has significant induction during the refeeding stage of IF. Further, loss of function studies and protein therapeutic experiment in mice revealed that PZP promotes diet‐induced thermogenesis through activating brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mechanistically, circulating PZP can bind to cell surface glucose‐regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) to promote uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression via a p38 MAPK‐ATF2 signaling pathway in BAT. These studies illuminate a systemic regulation in which the IF promotes BAT thermogenesis through the endocrinal system and provide a novel potential target for treating obesity and related disorders.
Toward Simultaneous Achievement of Outstanding Durability and Photoelectrochemical Reaction in Cu2O Photocathodes via Electrochemically Designed Resistive Switching
Authors: Kim Dong Su , Kim Young Been , Choi Ji Hoon , Suh Hee Won , Lee Hak Hyeon , Lee Kun Woong , Jung Sung Hyeon , Kim Jeong Jae , Deshpande Nishad G. , Cho Hyung Koun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) cells using Cu2O, semiconductor photoabsorbers passivated by protection layers, show a trade‐off between high photocurrent and stability because of the thickness of the energy band transport along the conduction band. Based on nanofilaments with non‐volatile metal‐like current flow characteristics in resistance‐change memory devices, a strategically advanced conducting filament transport mechanism for vigorous and robust PEC operation is proposed. The breakdown‐like electrochemical forming behavior effectively occurs with a rapid increase in current at ≈2 V (vs RHE). The fundamental properties of filaments, such as diameter, density, and conductivity, are controlled by varying the artificial compliance currents. This process does not require any top electrodes that obstruct light‐harvesting and the injection of photo‐charges into electrolytes or individual forming process with point‐by‐point sweeping, and provides electrochemical forming sites with homogeneous and dense distribution. Additionally, some photocorrosive sites that induce photocurrent degradation are passivated by the preferential photoelectrodeposition of co‐catalysts. From the electrochemical filament forming process and selective Pt‐photoelectrodeposition on filaments, the Cu2O/AZO/TiO2 photocathodes exhibit an unprecedented photocurrent density of ≈11.9 mA cm−2 and open‐circuit potential of 0.73 V and produce vigorous hydrogen and oxygen evolutions for over 100 h, even when the TiO2 passivation film exceeds 100 nm in thickness.
Electrolytes Polymerization‐Induced Cathode‐Electrolyte‐Interphase for High Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jixiang , Liu Xiang , Wang Yian , Zhou Xinwei , Weng Lutao , Liu Yuzi , Ren Yang , Zhao Chen , Dahbi Mouad , Alami Jones , Ei‐Hady Deia Abd , Xu Gui‐Liang , Amine Khalil , Shao Minhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) based on LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM) cathode materials have been widely commercialized, because of their high energy density, favorable rate performance, and relatively low cost. However, with increased Ni content to further increase their energy density, their cycling stability deteriorates dramatically and thus fails to meet the commercial application requirements. The artificial cathode‐electrolyte‐interphase (CEI) is a promising approach to solve this problem. Here, a robust CEI is fabricated through in situ polymerization of ethylene carbonate induced by aluminum isopropoxide (AIP). By adding 1 wt.% AIP in a commercial electrolyte, the capacity retention of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Li cell at 1 C rate has been significantly increased from 80.8% to 97.8% with a highly reversible capacity of 176 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. AIP can be also used as an additive during the slurry‐making process, enabling a reversible capacity of 170 mA h g−1 for LiCoO2 after 200 cycles even at a high charge cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V. It is confirmed that the in situ formed CEI layer can prevent the cathodes from cracking and reduce the irreversible phase transformation.
Improving the photostability of fluorescent dyes by polymer nano‐insulating layer
Authors: Zhao Yingshi , Song Qinyong , Lin Yuebin , Chu Feng , Wei Yanchun , Liu Sen , Pan Changjiang , Quan Li , Wang Yiqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFluorescein is a traditional organic fluorescent dye that has the disadvantage of agglomeration‐induced fluorescence quenching and photobleaching due to its large hydrophobic conjugate π‐π system, which makes them have limitations in many fields of application. A method of polymer modification is revealed to address this issue. In this study, fluorescein molecules were modified by polycaprolactone (PCL) to obtain PCL grafting fluorescein (PxF), and subsequently assembled with PEG‐PCL to obtain fluorescent nanoparticles (PPxF). PPxF would realize long term cellular fluorescence imaging. PCL polymerization induces self‐assembly, which effectively avoids fluorescence quenching caused by fluorescent molecules aggregation, and at the same time well inhibit the energy transfer with oxygen to improve photostability. This method is a good way to improve the fluorescence properties of fluorescent dyes, to be suitable for all traditional organic fluorescent dyes to greatly improve their fluorescence and hydrophilic properties and enhance their application fields.
Postnatal ontogeny of the femur in fossorial and semiaquatic water voles in the 3D‐shape space
Authors: Durão Ana Filipa , Muñoz‐Muñoz Francesc , Ventura Jacint 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater voles of the genusArvicolaconstitute an excellent subject to investigate to which extent function affects postnatal developmental growth of limb structures in phylogenetically close species. We performed a comparative analysis of postweaning femur form changes betweenArvicola sapidus(semiaquatic) andArvicola scherman(fossorial) using three‐dimensional landmark‐based geometric morphometrics. In both species, we observed greater femur robustness in juvenile individuals than in adult ones, probably due to the accommodation of high loads on the bone during initial locomotor efforts. Significant interspecific differences were also found in the femur size and shape of adult specimens, as well as in the postnatal allometric and phenotypic trajectories. In terms of phenotypic variation, fossorial water voles show relatively wider third and lesser trochanters, and greater femur robustness thanA. sapidus, characters associated to the digging activity. In contrast,A. sapidusdisplays a slight increase of the greater trochanter in comparison withA. scherman, which is seemingly an adaptive response for enhancing propulsion through the water. Results evidence that certain morphological traits and differences betweenA. sapidusandA. schermanin the allometric and phenotypic trajectories of the femur are associated with their different locomotor mode.
Untergrundspezifische und einwirkungsabhängige Spektren in DIN EN 1998‐1/NA‐2021
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger , Kaufmann Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIm Beitrag werden die Grundlagenuntersuchungen vorgestellt, die zur Bereitstellung der seismischen Einwirkungsgrößen für den neuen nationalen Anhang zu DIN EN 1998‐1/NA‐2021 geführt haben. Dargestellt wird, wie für die Ergebnisse moderner probabilistischer seismischer Gefährdungsanalysen (PSGA) die seismischen Einwirkungen normkompatibel bereitgestellt werden können. Einleitend werden Vorgehensweisen zur Ermittlung und Überprüfung der Spektren für unterschiedliche Untergrundklassen vorgestellt. Mit den standortspezifischen Bodenbewegungsmodellen wird gezeigt, wie künftig baupraktische Anwendungen auf Grundlage von Starkbebenregistrierungen erfolgen können. Da die Besonderheiten der deutschen Erdbebengebiete durch das im EC 8 vorgesehene Klassifikationsschema nicht abgedeckt werden, ist weiterhin dem Konzept der geologie‐ und baugrundabhängigen Spektren und der Einführung entsprechender Kombinationen in Form von Untergrundklassen Präferenz einzuräumen. Die Kontrollparameter der elastischen Spektren für die Untergrundverhältnisse gem. DIN EN 1998‐1/NA‐2021 werden auf Grundlage simulativer Standortanalysen an repräsentativen Modellprofilen für den interessierenden Bereich von Einwirkungsintensitäten und somit auch für verschiedene Wiederkehrperioden ermittelt. Damit wird auch der Bezug zu den Verhaltens‐ bzw. Grenzzuständen und den zugehörigen Nachweisaufgaben hergestellt. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf die nächste Phase der europäischen Erdbebennormung gegeben.
Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells
Authors: Rosso Gonzalo , Wehner Daniel , Schweitzer Christine , Möllmert Stephanie , Sock Elisabeth , Guck Jochen , Shahin Victor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter peripheral nerve injury, mature Schwann cells (SCs) de‐differentiate and undergo cell reprogramming to convert into a specialized cell repair phenotype that promotes nerve regeneration. Reprogramming of SCs into the repair phenotype is tightly controlled at the genome level and includes downregulation of pro‐myelinating genes and activation of nerve repair‐associated genes. Nerve injuries induce not only biochemical but also mechanical changes in the tissue architecture which impact SCs. Recently, we showed that SCs mechanically sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and that SC mechanosensitivity modulates their morphology and migratory behavior. Here, we explore the expression levels of key transcription factors and myelin‐associated genes in SCs, and the outgrowth of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, in response to changes in the stiffness of generated matrices. The selected stiffness range matches the physiological conditions of both utilized cell types as determined in our previous investigations. We find that stiffer matrices induce upregulation of the expression of transcription factors Sox2, Oct6, and Krox20, and concomitantly reduce the expression of the repair‐associated transcription factor c‐Jun, suggesting a link between SC substrate mechanosensing and gene expression regulation. Likewise, DRG neurite outgrowth correlates with substrate stiffness. The remarkable intrinsic physiological plasticity of SCs, and the mechanosensitivity of SCs and neurites, may be exploited in the design of bioengineered scaffolds that promote nerve regeneration upon injury.
Cytomegalovirus reactivation in esophageal cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kitagawa Koichi , Okada Hideaki , Miyazaki Shuichiro , Funakoshi Yohei , Sanada Yukinari , Chayahara Naoko , Mayahara Hiroshi , Fujii Masahiko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough rare, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation can be lethal in patients with cancer. However, the criteria for the prevention of cytomegalovirus reactivation during cancer treatment are unclear. This study aimed to identify factors associated with CMV reactivation in patients with esophageal cancer who were receiving chemoradiotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective study included esophageal cancer patients receiving definitive or palliative chemoradiotherapy during April 2013–March 2020. Patients with fever during chemoradiotherapy underwent a systemic work‐up to detect the primary focus of infection, and CMV antigenemia was assessed in cases of unidentifiable infection.ResultsAmong 132 patients (80.3% male, median age 69 years [range, 39–86 years]), 124 received 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin and 8 received oxaliplatin–5‐fluorouracil–levofolinate chemotherapy. Overall, 19 patients had CMV reactivation, 37 had other infections, and 76 had no identified infection (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Median minimum lymphocyte counts were 81.0/µl (interquartile range: 52.0–144.0/µl), 120.0/µl (81.0–162.5/µl), and 185.5/µl (120.5–328.0/µl) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with counts being significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the minimum lymphocyte count was associated with CMV reactivation (odds ratio 0.983, 95% confidence interval: 0.973–0.994, p = 0.002).ConclusionCMV reactivation is not rare in patients with esophageal cancer who were receiving chemoradiotherapy and is associated with the minimum lymphocyte counts. CMV reactivation should be considered during differential diagnosis for patients with a severe decline in lymphocyte counts when receiving chemoradiotherapy.
Urgent percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction exacerbated after surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sasahira Yoshitaka , Yamada Ryotaro , Doi Naofumi , Uemura Shiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPercutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) is an established procedure for treating symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We report a case of urgent PTSMA for treating refractory heart failure due to exacerbated obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract after surgical aortic valvular replacement to treat severe aortic stenosis.
Towards the Standardization of Flow Chemistry Protocols for Organic Reactions
Authors: Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlow chemistry studies can sometimes be difficult to reproduce. In this article we provide guidance to scientists for experimental details that should be considered as part of any organic chemistry‐based continuous flow study. A focus is placed on information that should be provided within reported studies to enable experiments to be more easily and reliably reproduced. Topics covered include flow reactor components and assembly, important parameter effects and useful performance criteria. The article covers aspects of homogeneous systems, multiphase transformations, and catalytic reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous). A more detailed discussion of photochemistry, biocatalysis and electrochemical flow systems is outside the scope of this review.
Smart allocation of restoration funds over space and time
Authors: Shoo Luke P. , Catterall Carla P. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Cockbain Paul , Duncan Michael , Robson Tim , Roche Darren , Taylor Howard , White Zoe , Wilson Kerrie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA challenge for natural area managers is to ensure that public expenditure on land restoration is cost effective, efficient and transparent but this is difficult to achieve in practice, especially when there are many possible projects across multiple years. Here we develop a “roadmap” for investment in land restoration. It explicitly considers space, time and their interaction, in relation to ecological outcomes and restoration costs (and their variation in time and space). Using integer linear programming optimization in a benefit‐cost accounting framework, the roadmap incorporates: transitions between different stages of ecological recovery in a spatial mosaic of multiple ecosystem types; cost schedules associated with managing those transitions over time; time lags between beginning management and achieving outcomes; variations to constraints and goals associated with various factors including site accessibility, specific conservation priorities (such as threatened species or ecosystems); and background environmental trends. This approach enables land managers to: (1) forecast landscape‐scale outcomes of management strategies over long timeframes; (2) address the question of how long it will take and how much it will cost to achieve specific outcomes; and (3) explore potential trade‐offs in outcomes among alternative management strategies. We illustrate its application using a case study of forest restoration in Australia by a local government authority across a public conservation estate comprising 765 land units of varying size, totaling ˜13,000 ha, across five different floristic vegetation types, with an annual budget of ˜AU$5M, projected over a 50‐yr timeframe. These simulations revealed a trade‐off between management strategies that seek to increase either the total cover of native forest or the amount of high quality forest: quality‐based strategies were favored in scenarios in which shorter term (20–30 yr) timeframes were chosen at the outset, but cover‐based strategies were favored if longer time horizons were initially targeted. Projected outcomes were also strongly influenced by assumed background rates of vegetation decline or recovery. Many of the issues in this restoration roadmap are generalizable (even though specific outcomes and trade‐offs are likely to vary among case studies), and the approach is both scalable and transferable to other regions and ecosystems.
Optimal surveillance against bioinvasions: a sample average approximation method applied to an agent‐based spread model
Authors: Nguyen Hoa‐Thi‐Minh , Ha Pham Van , Kompas Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrade‐offs exist between the point of early detection and the future cost of controlling any invasive species. Finding optimal levels of early detection, with post‐border active surveillance, where time, space and randomness are explicitly considered, is computationally challenging. We use a stochastic programming model to find the optimal level of surveillance and predict damages, easing the computational challenge by combining a sample average approximation (SAA) approach and parallel processing techniques. The model is applied to the case of Asian Papaya Fruit Fly (PFF), a highly destructive pest, in Queensland, Australia. To capture the non‐linearity in PFF spread, we use an agent‐based model (ABM), which is calibrated to a highly detailed land‐use raster map (50 m × 50 m) and weather‐related data, validated against a historical outbreak. The combination of SAA and ABM sets our work apart from the existing literature. Indeed, despite its increasing popularity as a powerful analytical tool, given its granularity and capability to model the system of interest adequately, the complexity of ABM limits its application in optimizing frameworks due to considerable uncertainty about solution quality. In this light, the use of SAA ensures quality in the optimal solution (with a measured optimality gap) while still being able to handle large‐scale decision‐making problems. With this combination, our application suggests that the optimal (economic) trap grid size for PFF in Queensland is ˜0.7 km, much smaller than the currently implemented level of 5 km. Although the current policy implies a much lower surveillance cost per year, compared with the $2.08 million under our optimal policy, the expected total cost of an outbreak is $23.92 million, much higher than the optimal policy of roughly $7.74 million.