bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma exchange as treatment for acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy
Authors: Aabdi Mohammed , Mellagui Yassine , Ouachaou Jamal , Ounci Essad , Bkiyar Houssam , Housni Brahim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute fatty liver disease of pregnancy AFLP is an obstetrical emergency, with severe complications that may include death. Management of AFLP is challenging and include plasma exchange which helps to improve the prognosis for both mother and fetus and delay liver transplantation.
Determination of ingredients in packaged pharmaceutical tablets by energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction and maximum likelihood principal component analysis multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares with correlation constraint
Authors: Kenny Peter S. , Crews Chiaki , Fearn Tom , Speller Robert D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnergy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD) and maximum likelihood principal component analysis multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS) with correlation constraint were used to quantify the composition of packaged pharmaceutical formulations. Recorded EDXRD profiles from unpackaged and packaged samples of ternary mixtures were modelled together in order to recover the concentrations as well as the pure profiles of the constituent compounds. MLPCA was used as a data pretreatment step to MCR‐ALS, accounting for the high noise and nonconstant variance observed in the EDXRD profiles and was shown to improve the resolution accuracy of MCR‐ALS for the data set. Local correlation constraints were applied in the MCR‐ALS procedure in order to model unpackaged and packaged samples simultaneously while accounting for the matrix effect of the packaging materials. The composition of the formulations was estimated with root‐mean‐square error of prediction for each component, including paracetamol, being approximately 2.5 %w/w for unpackaged and packaged samples. Paracetamol concentration was resolved simultaneously for the unpackaged and packaged samples to a greater degree of accuracy than achieved by partial least squares regression (PLSR) when modelling the contexts separately. By modelling the effects of the packaging and incorporating accurate reference information of unpackaged samples into the resolution of packaged samples, the potential of EDXRD and MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS for the identification and quantification of packaged solid‐dosage medicine in nondestructive screening and counterfeit medicine detection has been raised.
Safeguarding Climate Targets: Hydropower Flexibility Facilities
Authors: Bauhofer Peter , Zoglauer Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStarting from an electricity generation from renewable sources (RESE) of 74 % today (mainly by domestic hydropower), the Austrian climate and energy policy aims not less than 100 % by 2030. The additional generation from wind power and photovoltaics will increase the requirement for reasonable seasonal flexibility. Additional highly cost and energy efficient functional units of flexible hydropower assets will play a key role to meet future system needs in all time frames and to safeguard security of supply. The basic results of this study are a useful orientation for countries with high RESE penetration targets.
Probing the Charge Transfer in a Frustrated Lewis Pair by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations
Authors: Marques Leandro Ramos , Ando Rômulo Augusto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA classical Lewis adduct derives from a covalent bond between a Lewis acid and a base. When the adduct formation is precluded by means of steric hindrance the association of the respective acid‐base molecular system is defined as a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). In this work, the archetypal FLP Mes3P/B(C6F5)3 was characterized for the first time by resonance Raman spectroscopy, and the results were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The charge transfer nature of the lowest energy electronic transition, from phosphine to borane, was confirmed by the selective enhancement of the Raman bands associated to the FLP chromophore at resonance condition. Herein, we demonstrate the use of resonance Raman spectroscopy as a distinguished technique to probe the weak interaction involved in FLP chemistry.
Increased rainfall variability and nitrogen deposition accelerate succession along a common sere
Authors: Ploughe Laura W. , Smith Nicholas G. , Schuster Michael J. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOngoing climate change is increasing rainfall variability in many parts of the world; in particular, the heaviest rainfall events are becoming heavier. In terrestrial ecosystems, nitrogen deposition is increasing as a result of emissions from fossil fuel burning and volatilization of nitrogen‐based fertilizers. These changes in the timing and rate of resource inputs can impact plant communities by altering competitive dynamics, succession, and community composition. In many systems, these are occurring alongside successional dynamics, making it difficult to tease apart mechanisms. Here, we resampled a nitrogen by rainfall variability manipulation experiment in a restored tallgrass prairie to examine the relative role of background community dynamics and treatment effects on plant diversity. During the treatment period, nitrogen addition and increased rainfall variability reduced diversity. Here, four and five years after the treatments were halted, we found similarly low levels of diversity across all treatments—an effect driven by dominance of a tall, fast‐growing, clonal forb, Solidago canadensis. The convergence of plots toward a low diversity state suggests that all experimental communities were gradually becoming dominated by S. canadensis, including in the absence of rainfall or nitrogen treatments. In contrast to short‐term findings from the same experiment, we conclude that our treatments accelerated succession toward a tall, clonal forb‐dominated community along an existing sere, but did not fundamentally alter longer‐term community composition—a result that was only apparent several years after the conclusion of the experiment. These findings reinforce the need to interpret the results from short‐term experimental manipulations within the context of long‐term successional change.
Application of transfer function for quick estimation of gas flow parameters—A useful model‐based approach to enhancing measurements
Authors: Szukiewicz Mirosław K. , Szałek Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt the core of chemical engineering, process design is fundamental to reach a goal of productivity. Axial dispersion is one of the key phenomena that can affect productivity. Therefore, its characterization is necessary for adequate modeling and designing devices. Applications of the transfer function (TF) to the derivation of a high precision model of tracer flow and, next, determination of an axial dispersion coefficient in a commercial measurement system are presented. A TF concept makes easier customization of model ideas to different systems and consequently allows for obtaining a model that matches in the best way a physical system. The method takes advantage of the efficient numerical algorithm by den Iseger, that is; inverse Laplace transform to solve the model both at the stage of model development (boundary value problem) and model application (inverse boundary value problem). As a result, a very precise model of commercial measurement instrument was developed and, next, it was employed to the determination of axial dispersion coefficients for an empty tube and packed bed. The method presented is precise in a wide range of operating conditions. The paper shows that mathematical modeling can be exploited to enhance measurements for a commercial measurement instrument, that is, unlock the system's full potential with no equipment design changes. The method is also a good alternative to computational fluid dynamics for high precision calculations—it fits experimental results better than a CFD model.
Adsorption behaviors of phenol onto gasification residual cokes with different structural and surface properties
Authors: Xu Bing , Yang Mingkun , Cao Xiaojing , Shi Changliang , Xing Baolin , Chen Lunjian , Wang Xiaojiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith steam and CO2as gasification agents, four types of gasification cokes were prepared from lignite and anthracite to investigate the adsorption behaviors of phenol onto cokes with different structural and surface properties. The textural parameters indicated that the prepared coke samples presented specific surface areas of 155.37–573.52 m2/g and total pore volumes of 0.080–0.422 cm3/g. The presence of phenolic, carboxylic, lactonic, and basic groups in samples was identified by Boehm titration. For the same type of coal, cokes prepared by steam presented a higher surface area and pore volume, and lower concentrations of both acidic and total functional groups compared with those of cokes prepared by CO2. In the phenol adsorption tests, cokes prepared by steam showed better removal efficiency, reaching approximately 100% for 1 h of contact time. Coke samples prepared from lignite by steam presented the maximum adsorption capacity of 77.22 mg/g. The adsorption capacity increased as the concentrations of basic groups increased, but decreased with the increase in both acidic groups and the ratio of acidic to basic groups. Phenol adsorption was correctly adjusted by the pseudo‐second‐order equation, with the corresponding coefficient (R2) reaching approximately 1, and fitted with the Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models.
From straight to deeply incised meandering channels: Slope impact on sinuosity of confined streams
Authors: Dente Elad , Lensky Nadav G. , Morin Efrat , Enzel Yehouda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeandering channels and valleys are dominant landscape features on Earth. Their morphology and remnants potentially indicate past base‐level fluctuations and changing regional slopes. The prevailing presence of meandering segments in low‐slope areas somewhat confuses the physically based relationships between slope and channel meandering. This relationship underlies a fundamental debate: do incised sinuous channels actively develop during steepening of a regional slope, or do they inherit the planform of a preexisting sinuous channel through vertical incision? This question was previously explored through reconstructed evolution of meandering rivers, numerical simulations, and controlled, scaled‐down laboratory experiments. Here, we study a rare, field‐scale set of a dozen adjacent perennial channels, evolving in recent decades in a homogeneous erodible substrate in response to the Dead Sea level fall (> 30 m over 40 years). These channels are fed by perennial springs and have no drainage basin or previous fluvial history; they initiated straight and transformed into incising meandering channels following the emergence of the preexisting lake bathymetry, which resulted in increased channel lengths and regional slopes at different rates for each channel. This field setting allows testing the impact of changing regional slope on the sinuosity of a stream in the following cases: (a) relatively long and low‐gradient shelf‐like margins, (b) a sharp increase in the basinward gradient at the shelf‐slope transition, and (c) gradually steepening slopes. Under a stable and low valley slope, the channels mainly incise vertically, inheriting a preexisting sinuous pattern. When the regional slope steepens, the channels start to meander, accompanying the vertical incision. The highest sinuosity evolved in the steepest channel, which also developed the deepest and widest valley. These results emphasize the amplifying impact of steepening regional slope on sinuosity. This holds when the flow is confined and chute cutoffs are scarce.
Beyond Allylic Alkylation: Applications of Trost Chemistry in Complex Molecule Synthesis
Authors: Tracy Jacob S. , Kalnmals Christopher A. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring his fifty‐five year tenure, Prof. Barry M. Trost has made countless advancements in the fields of synthetic method development and complex molecule total synthesis. In addition to his well‐known contributions in the areas of allylic alkylation and transition metal‐catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions, Prof. Trost has developed many other useful synthetic methods as well. Although less prominent than some of his hallmark transformations, these reactions are no less significant and have enjoyed widespread adoption by the synthetic community. This review highlights many of these unsung processes – including several reduction/oxidation reactions, metal‐catalyzed alkene‐alkyne and alkyne‐alkyne couplings, phosphine‐catalyzed redox isomerizations, and methods for determining absolute stereochemistry – and their utility in the total synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other complex bioactive molecules.
Alliance ruptures in cognitive‐behavioral therapy: A cognitive conceptualization
Authors: Okamoto Annika , Kazantzis Nikolaos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic relationship is crucial to the ethical and effective practice of any psychotherapy. In Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) as formulated by Aaron T. Beck, the generic elements of the relationship including expressed empathy, expressions of positive regard, agreement on goals, and agreement on tasks within a therapeutic bond were considered a necessary condition for change. Alliance ruptures can therefore have a detrimental effect on therapy if left unrepaired. This article contributes to the In‐Session issue on rupture repairs by outlining the role of the alliance as a component of the therapeutic relationship in CBT and illustrates how ruptures can be identified and effectively resolved through detailed case examples. Given the central importance of using collaborative empiricism and Socratic dialogue for the therapeutic relationship in CBT, we demonstrate the distinctive role of these elements in repairing ruptures.
Involvement of ocular surface in graft‐versus‐host disease: An update from immunopathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Bruscolini Alice , Gharbiya Magda , Sacchetti Marta , Plateroti Rocco , Ralli Massimo , Moramarco Antonietta , Greco Antonio , Lambiase Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the ocular surface is a main target of inflammatory reaction.
Precision Dosing for Tacrolimus Using Genotypes and Clinical Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients of European Ancestry
Authors: Al‐Kofahi Mahmoud , Oetting William S. , Schladt David P. , Remmel Rory P. , Guan Weihua , Wu Baolin , Dorr Casey R. , Mannon Roslyn B. , Matas Arthur J. , Israni Ajay K. , Jacobson Pamala A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenetic variation in the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 (CYP3A4/5) genes, which encode the key enzymes in tacrolimus metabolism, is associated with tacrolimus clearance and dose requirements. Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic index with high intra‐ and intersubject variability, in part because of genetic variation. High tacrolimus clearance and low trough concentration are associated with a greater risk for rejection, whereas high troughs are associated with calcineurin‐induced toxicity. The objective of this study was to develop a model of tacrolimus clearance with a dosing equation accounting for genotypes and clinical factors in adult kidney transplant recipients of European ancestry that could preemptively guide dosing. Recipients receiving immediate‐release tacrolimus for maintenance immunosuppression from 2 multicenter studies were included. Participants in the GEN03 study were used for tacrolimus model development (n = 608 recipients) and was validated by prediction performance in the DeKAF Genomics study (n = 1361 recipients). Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling was used to develop the apparent oral tacrolimus clearance (CL/F) model. CYP3A4/5 genotypes and clinical covariates were tested for their influence on CL/F. The predictive performance of the model was determined by assessing the bias (median prediction error [ME] and median percentage error [MPE]) and the precision (root median squared error [RMSE]) of the model. CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*22, corticosteroids, calcium channel blocker and antiviral drug use, age, and diabetes significantly contributed to the interindividual variability of oral tacrolimus apparent clearance. The bias (ME, MPE) and precision (RMSE) of the final model was good, 0.49 ng/mL, 6.5%, and 3.09 ng/mL, respectively. Prospective testing of this equation is warranted.
Effect of diode laser‐assisted bleaching on the bond strength of different adhesive systems to enamel: Interfacial SEM analysis
Authors: Cevval Ozkocak Begum Busra , Aytac Bal Fatma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of diode laser‐assisted bleaching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of different adhesive systems to enamel and examine the adhesive enamel interface under scanning electron microscope (SEM). 180 incisor teeth were randomly divided into three bleaching groups: (1) Unbleached control group, (2) Opalescence Boost (OB) 40%, and (3) Diode laser‐assisted LaserWhite20 (LW20) 45%. After bleaching, each group was divided into two subgroups according to waiting time: immediately or 7 days' delay. The six groups were then divided into three subgroups based on the adhesive procedure: Single Bond 2 (SB2), Clearfil SE Bond (CSB), and Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB). After adhesive procedures, composite resin cylinders were bonded to the enamel surfaces. All specimens were subjected to a SBS test after 24 hr of storage in water. Data were analysed using three‐way variance analysis (p < .05). Specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and SEM. There was a significant difference between the groups bonded immediately and 7 days after bleaching (p < .05). SB2 after 7 days showed the highest SBS values (19.24 ± 2.18), whereas CUB showed the lowest values in both bleaching treatments and control groups (10.84 ± 1.66). SEM analysis of the unbleached specimens revealed long tags and uniform hybrid layer compared OB and LW20 bleaching groups. LW20 and OB bleaching adversely affected SBS to enamel when bonded immediately. Diode laser‐assisted bleaching might be an alternative option due to the short working time but delaying bonding for 7 days after bleaching may not be enough for ideal adhesion.Research Highlights
Bleaching agents containing high concentration hydrogen peroxide reduces the enamel bond strength of adhesive systems.
Postponing composite restorations for 7 days after bleaching may not be sufficient to achieve ideal adhesion.
Diode laser‐assisted bleaching may be preferred as an alternative bleaching method today due to its ability to shorten the operation time and cause minimal morphological changes on the enamel surface.
Outcome predictors of influenza for hospitalization and mortality in children
Authors: Ozsurekci Yasemin , Aykac Kubra , Bal Fatma , Bayhan Cihangul , Basaranoglu Sevgen T. , Alp Alpaslan , Cengiz Ali Bulent , Kara Ates , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeverity of disease caused by influenza virus and the influencing factors that may be different. Moreover, the disease course actually may not be determined specifically in children because of lower seroprotection rates of children. Herein, the results clinic and outcome data of children with influenza from Turkey were reported. We present here the results from 2013 to 2017. Nasopharyngeal swab samples of the children with influenza were investigated via multiplex polymerase chain reaction. A total of 348 children were diagnosed with influenza; 143 (41.1%) were influenza A, 85 (24.4%) were influenza B, and 120 (34.5%) were mixt infection with other respiratory viruses. Fifty‐four percent of children admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) were under 2 years of age (p = .001). Having an underlying disease was detected as the main predictor for both hospitalization and ICU stay according to multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR], 11.784: 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.212–26.643; p = .001 and OR, 4.972: 95% CI, 2.331–10.605; p = .001, respectively). Neurological symptoms most frequently seen in cases who died (44.4%; p = .02). Lymphopenia was relatively higher (55.6%) and thrombocytopenia was most frequently seen in cases who died (77.8%) with a significant ratio (p = .001). Underlying diseases was found a risk factor for influenza being hospitalized and being admitted to ICU. Children under 2 years of age and with underlying diseases should be vaccinated particularly in countries where the influenza vaccination is still not routinely implemented in the immunization schedule.Highlights Underlying diseases is a risk factor for influenza to be hospitalized and admitted to ICU. Influenza vaccination is of great importance to prevent life‐threatening complications of influenza, particularly in children require ICU admission. The possibility to reduce the outpatient visit number by vaccination has a great impact on disease burden in addition to the underestimated crucial social benefits, as well.
LncRNA‐GAS5 related to the processes of recurrent pregnancy loss by regulating Th1/Th2 balance
Authors: Wang Miao‐Miao , Zhong Ji‐Xiang , Xiang Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous loss of pregnancy and the reason of 50% RPL is unknown. GAS5 is a long non‐coding RNA, which has been found to be an immune responses regulator and to be relate to autoimmune diseases. However, the roles of GAS5 during the pathophysiological processes of RPL is unclear. In the present study, the levels of GAS5 were examined in the plasma and trophoblasts from 30 patients with RPL and 15 healthy controls. GAS5 was found overexpressed in patients with RPL and positively correlated with the protein levels of TNF‐α in the plasma and trophoblasts. Predicted by bioinformatics tools and confirmed by luciferase assay, GAS5 was identified to function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) binding with miR‐140‐5p and protects TNF‐α expression in HTR‐8/SVneo cells and primary trophoblasts. Activated Naïve T cells co‐cultured with the medium from GAS5 overexpression HTR‐8/SVneo cells or primary trophoblasts exhibited Th1 bias by expression more IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and less IL‐4, IL‐10. In conclusion, GAS5 was overexpressed in the plasma and trophoblasts from RPL patients, which contributes to Th1 bias by binding with miR‐140‐5p.
AFRICA'S BUSINESS REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN
Authors: Leke Acha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe author believes that the world's businesses can help accelerate the development of Africa and improve the lives of its 1.2 billion people. The article, adapted from the author's book Africa's Business Revolution: How to Succeed in the World's Next Big Growth Market, cites extensive research from McKinsey & Company, where he is chairman of its Africa practice. He notes that the COVID‐19 crisis has accelerated the business innovations underway across Africa. The continent's population will double over the next 30 years, making Africa an exception in a world of slowing population growth. McKinsey's research shows that Africa is home to over 400 companies earning revenues of $1 billion or more and nearly 700 companies with revenue greater than $500 million. These companies are increasingly regional or pan‐African. A number of successful African companies are described, including Nigeria‐based Dangote Industries, which manufactures commodities, including cement, sugar, and flour, in massive volumes. Also, South Africa–based MTN, the mobile‐phone company with more than 200 million subscribers in 22 nations in Africa and the Middle East; and Ethiopian Airlines, which has driven an aggressive expansion strategy that nearly tripled its passenger numbers from 3.1 million in 2010 to 8.8 million in 2017.