bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kripke Was Right Even If He Was Wrong: Sherlock Holmes and the Unicorns
Authors: Noonan Harold 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the Addenda to Naming and Necessity (1980), Kripke famously argues that it is false that there could have been unicorns, or more properly, that “no counterfactual situation is properly describable as one in which there would have been unicorns.” He adds that he holds similarly that ‘one cannot say of any possible person that he would have been Sherlock Holmes, had he existed.” He notes the “cryptic brevity” of these remarks and refers to a forthcoming work for elaborations—the work being, of course, the John Locke Lectures (2013). Coming as it does at the end of Naming and Necessity, it is natural to read this discussion as drawing out consequences of Kripke’s non-descriptivist picture of proper names and names of natural kinds. In fact, so much is suggested there by Kripke himself. The question thus arises: can the contentious claims quoted from the Addenda be defended independently of Kripke’s rejection of descriptivism? I shall argue that, as appears from the John Locke Lectures, they can be.
Scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) and their natural enemies, recorded on agricultural, ornamental and forest plant species in the wider area of Messenian Province (Peloponnese, Greece), 2000 – 2020
Authors: Stathas G.J. , Kartsonas E.D. , Darras A.I. , Skouras P.J. 
Published: July 2021

Summary
The scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) recorded on agricultural, ornamental and forest plant species in the wider area of Messenian Province (Peloponnese, Greece) during the years 2000 – 2020 are reviewed. Twenty species were recorded, which belong to four families: Diaspididae: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché), Dynaspidiotus abieticola (Koroneos), D. abietis (Schrank), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), L. gloverii (Packard), Lineaspis striata (Newstead), Targionia vitis (Signoret); Coccidae: Ceroplastes rusci (L.), Eulecanium sericeum (Lindinger), Nemolecanium graniformis (Wünn), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché), P. persicae (Fabricius), Physokermes hemicryphus (Dalman), P. inopinatus Danzig and Kozár, Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell); Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) and Kermesidae: Kermes echinatus Balachowsky. The biology, phenology and natural enemies in Messenia are discussed for fifteen of these scale species.
Lethal and sublethal effects of several plant compounds compared to spiromesifen against Tetranychus turkestani
Authors: Sohrabi F. , Ziaee M. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov and Nikolski is one of the main agricultural pests of southwestern Iran and some other tropical regions. In the present study, fumigant activity of three essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha longifolia L. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill., and contact toxicity of two biopesticides (Tondexir and Palizin) on T. turkestani mite females were investigated and compared with that of spiromesifen, a chemical acaricide. Also, sublethal effects of the tested compounds at 50% lethal concentration (LC50) were estimated on the biological parameters of T. turkestani. The LC50 values for E. globulus, R. officinalis and M. longifolia essential oils were 12.50, 11.52 and 4.00 μl/l air and for spiromesifen, Tondexir and Palizin were 10.98, 327.34 and 858.13 ppm, respectively. All tested compounds significantly reduced adult female longevity, equally to the chemical acaricide spiromesifen. Fecundity also decreased in all treatments and this reduction was even higher for plant essential oils than the other compounds. Palizin, E. globulus and M. longifolia significantly reduced the hatchability of T. turkestani eggs similarly to spiromesifen. According to the results, the tested plant compounds are effective against T. turkestani and may be applied as suitable alternatives to synthetic pesticides against this crop pest.
Effects of gamma radiation and Bacillus thuringiensis on F1 progeny of Cydia pomonella
Authors: Idris I. , Hussian K. 
Published: July 2021

Summary
The codling moth [Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] is the main pest in most apple orchards in Syria. It causes billions of dollars in loss of fruit crops every year. The present work examined the effects of gamma radiation and Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) on F1 progeny of C. pomonella. The experimental design was based on two factors, namely F1 offspring produced by males irradiated at a dose of 150 Gy, and artificial diet of BT-treated larvae. The first offspring of unirradiated and irradiated C. pomonella males, F1, were from parents treated with a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis BT (Dipel® 2X). F1 progeny of unirradiated was significantly less susceptible to BT than that of irradiated parents. The results showed high mortality in F1 progeny of C. pomonella when gamma radiation and BT were applied together. The LC50 in F1 progeny was 2.5 ppm for irradiated parents, while it was 13 ppm for unirradiated ones. A significant reduction in the fecundity and egg hatchability of F1 progeny of irradiated parents compared to unirradiated ones was observed. This study demonstrated that for F1 progeny the combination between Inherited Sterility Technique and BT can be useful to achieve an integrated pest management program of codling moth.
Revenue Recognition and Real Earnings Management in Bosnian Construction Industry
Authors: Serdarevic Nino , Muratovic-Dedic Ajla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study explores revenue recognition and reporting expenses relevant to the stage of completion of the contract agreements. Literature suggests that the taxation effects financial reporting, realization of capital gains as well as revenue recognition. We argue that construction firms make use of these estimates to postpone revenue and value added tax recognition. The analysis grounds on the assumption that the value added tax effects timely recognition of revenues from construction agreements, where managers are incentivized to underestimating stage of completion and suppress recognition of gross earnings to better align emerging of the value tax related liability with contracted and expected inflows of cash. Results show that the revenue recognition is positively associated with reported income before tax and cost of material as a direct expense that can be allocated to the execution of construction agreements. These findings build baseline for future research that assesses effects of newly adopted standard IFRS 15 on real earnings management practice in construction industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Internal Audit Risk Assessment in the Function of Fraud Detection
Authors: Demirović Lejla , Isaković-Kaplan Ševala , Proho Mahir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We are witnessing an increasing frequency of illegal actions and fraud in the business of legal entities, which directly reflects on the quality of information presented in financial statements. Internal audit does not primarily deal with the audit of financial statements, but through verifying the application of accounting policies and procedures it helps to gain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are reliable and that they are presented fairly. The role of internal audit in the fraud detection process is reflected in the fraud risk assessment in the internal audit planning process, and through performing work engagements to detecting them. In this paper, we will present risk assessment techniques, which the internal auditor can apply in quantitative and qualitative assessment of fraud risk, and in identifying priority areas/audit processes. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the role of internal audit, through the application of techniques, tools and prescribed responsibilities for risk assessment, in the process of detecting fraud in companies that cause incalculable damage on a daily basis.
Benford’s Law in Forensic Analysis of Registered Turnover
Authors: Glogić Edin , Jasak Zoran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forensic accounting in scientific sense is the part of accounting that assumes the practice of scientific techniques and methods in conducting investigations and detecting criminal activities in financial statements, business statements and companies. One such tool in detecting anomalies in accounting records is the Benford’s Law, which gives the expected pattern of digit frequencies in numeric data sets according to their position in numbers. Because of this property, Benford’s law has become a significant forensic tool for the detection of anomalies, especially in financial business. One of the most important sources is account turnover data in the observed period, which has a debt and credit side. A classic way of analyzing these liabilities is to merge them and then look for a pattern of leading digits. In such approach, it is not possible to properly determine the source of anomalies, which are a guide to deeper analysis. For such purposes, a variant of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test is designed.
Groups of Companies and Liability within the Group
Authors: Trivun Veljko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Groups of companies have existed ever since the early 20th century in the legal and economic terms. Over time, their concept was complemented, both in legislation and in the corporate practice. The issue of establishing and managing groups of companies is regulated by the corporate legislation. It particularly regulates the concept of the controlling and subsidiary company, company with mutual shares, holding, concern, association of companies and other forms of company associations. In terms of the legal definition, these are associated companies composed of two or more companies that are affiliated to each other as follows: by share in equity or membership interests (equity-related companies), by contract (contract-related companies); by equity and contract (mixed-related companies). These associated companies include a parent company and one or more subsidiary companies, which may be related by equity, contract or both. Besides the general concept of the associated companies, the author aims to point to the liability in a common activity as a group of companies. A particular attention is drawn to the legal treatment and obligations resulting from the International Accounting Standards and binding financial statements related to them.
Users’ Awareness of Augmented Reality Technology in Mobile Applications
Authors: Skubis Michał 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) is becoming an increasingly popular technology, used in many fields. Particular prospects for its development are inherent in the dissemination of AR-based applications on widely used mobile devices. To guide the emerging research in this field, the level of knowledge of AR technology among potential consumers needs to be identified. The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of AR in mobile applications among their potential users, attempting to determine whether it is possible to define the profile of a user characterized by a greater level of knowledge of AR. Statistical analysis of the results of original research carried out with the CAWI in the spring of 2020 showed that the knowledge of augmented reality technology among potential consumers is at a relatively low level. Moreover, this study found no characteristics correlated with this knowledge, in terms of either demographics, or interest in and knowledge of modern technologies in general.
Developing Students’ Transversal Competences Through Cultivation of Health Literacy Competence
Authors: Borova Tetyana , Petrenko Viktoriia , Ved Tetiana , Pyvovarov Vasyl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The recognition that transversal competences are increasingly needed to face the challenges of the ever-changing world has given rise to work examining students’ development of transversal competences (TVCs) during their university time. This approach argues in favor of embedding transversal competences as well as health literacy competence and subject-based competences in curricula. The mini-study presented herein first posits a logical model for the integration of transversal competences in university curricula, supplemented with a qualimetric model comprising 6 factors associated with transversal competences. The resulting tools for transversal competence evaluation and self-assessment were next applied in a pilot questionnaire study of a small group of management students at a local university. Overall, the findings support the claim that students’ TVC development requires a new educational paradigm based on a holistic approach to competence-based learning that involves the harmonious development of a person’s TVCs and subject-based competences. Moreover, the results may serve as a reference for future studies on transversal competences and health literacy in particular, as well as for teachers and researchers in related fields.
Evaluation of Selected Online Image-Building Activities By Polish Universities
Authors: Marzęda Agnieszka , Tworzydło Dariusz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify the online tools used by Polish universities and analyse to what extent these tools are used for image-related, communication, and marketing purposes. Based on our own analyses and desk research, we listed and then compared selected image-related activities carried out online by the higher education institutions rated as Poland’s top universities in the “Perspektywy Ranking”. We also extended our analysis to the universities rated as the world’s top universities, selected based on the Webometrics ranking, and identified a clear difference in trends. The online tools listed in this paper were evaluated in terms of their impact on the position of the higher education institutions in the education market.
Influence of Migraine on Axon Reflex-Mediated and Endothelial-Dependent Vasodilatation in the Skin
Authors: Plinta Aelita , Tretjakovs Pēteris , Logina Ināra , Miķelsone Indra , Blumfelds Leons , Bahs Guntis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in skin blood flow as a result of local heating tests in migraine patients during the interictal period, measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI). The aim of the study was also to estimate the correlations between the results of these tests and interleukin (IL)-8 levels. Twelve migraine patients during their interictal period were compared with twelve healthy control subjects. Only women were included in the study. Both groups were matched with regard of their age, body mass index and blood pressure. For the purpose of measuring cutaneous microvascular blood flow, heating (+44 °C) of the dorsal side of the palm as a response to the local LDI was used. IL-8 was measured in serum by ELISA method. The findings suggested that migraine patients have a cutaneous vasomotor dysfunction during the interictal period. The results showed a significant decrease in the initial peak of vasodilation and the second peak of vasodilation (plateau phase). Also there were significant changes observed in the length of the time interval required to reach the first and second vasodilation peak. It is known that migraine patients have a shorter time interval to reach the first perfusion peak (axonal reflex-mediated) and longer time interval to reach the second peak (endothelium-dependent). The results confirmed the correlation between proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 levels, and the time interval till the second peak of blood flow in all study subjects.
CD63 and Dna Mismatch Repair Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Folkmanis Kristofs , Eglītis Jānis , Jakubovskis Māris , Lietuvietis Vilnis , Folkmane Inese , Isajevs Sergejs 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Protein expression levels in immunohistochemistry and molecular biomarkers have been reported for their ability to predict recurrence, progression, development of metastases, and patient survival. The molecular features in low- and high-grade prostate cancer can differ and influence treatment decision and prognosis. The objective of the current study was to compare the expression of exosomal biomarkers CD63 and mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue of patients with prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia. Altogether, 62 patients with prostate acinar adenocarcinoma and 20 patients with prostate benign hyperplasia were enrolled in this retrospective study. CD63, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The obtained results showed that CD63 expression was significantly higher in patients with Grade III–V prostate cancer compared to Grade I–II, respectively; 2.23 (1–3) vs 0.92 (0–2) score, p = 0.001. In addition, a significant positive correlation between CD63 expression and grade groups was revealed (Rho = +0.54; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, progression-free survival was significantly higher in patients with low CD63 expression, compared to high CD63 expression (p = 0.0007). MMR expression was absent in 14 patients (four patients with Grade I–II cancer and 10 patients with Grade III–cancer). MMR was present in all cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (mild to moderate staining). The conclusion was that high grade prostate cancer (Grade groups III–V) was characterised by increased CD63 expression, which correlated with progression-free survival.
Homeostasis Regulating Factors, Innervation, Ischemia and Inflammatory Markers in the Right Atrial Tissue from Patients with Degenerative Aortic Valve Stenosis and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Vārtiņa Edīte , Pilmane Māra , Lācis Romāns 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Both coronary heart disease (CHD) and degenerative aortic valve (AoV) stenosis have common risk factors, such as age, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. However, these diseases are not always observed together, confirming the existence of risk and pathogenesis factors specific to each disease. The aim of this study was to identify presence and distribution of common and different homeostasis regulating factors, innervation, ischemia and inflammatory markers in the right atrial tissue from patients with degenerative AoV stenosis and CHD. During elective cardiac surgery, right atrial tissue fragments were taken from 20 patients with CHD and from 9 patients with degenerative AoV stenosis. All tissue fragments were stained for immunohistochemical detection of protein-gene peptide 9.5 (PGP 9.5), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANUP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chromogranin A, endothelin, interleukin 1 and 10 (Il-1 and Il-10) and β defensins 2, and 3 (βD2 and βD3). For the quantification of structures, a semi-quantitative counting method was used. Mostly numerous Il-10 positive cardiomyocytes and epi-/endocardial endothelial cells were detected in all specimens taken from patients with CHD, and statistically more than in specimens taken from patients with degenerative AoV disease (p = 0.007 and p = 0.016). Also, the number of βD3 positive cardiomyocytes was higher in the coronary heart disease group (p = 0.026). All other tested markers such as PGP 9.5, ANUP, VEGF, endothelin, chromogranin A, Il-1 and βD2 showed similar expression in both groups. Increased production of ANUP in right atrial tissue characterises both CHD and degenerative AoV stenosis. Production of ChgA in right atrial endocardial endothelial cells might represent regulation of sympathetic activity as a compensatory homeostatic response. Increased PGP 9.5-containing innervation is characteristic in patients with degenerative AoV disease and secondary mitral insufficiency. A stable increase of VEGF and variations of endothelin without statistically significant difference suggest influence of ischemia on the local vascular blood supply. Decreased production of Il-1α together with moderate to rich production of Il-10, βD2, and βD3 indicates the dominance of the local immune system over inflammation.
Narrow-Band UVB Therapy and Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Paediatric Vitiligo in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Hartmane Ilona , Mikažāns Ingmārs , Ivdra Iveta , Mirzajanova Irēna , Dērveniece Andra , Bondare-Ansberga Vanda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired chronic skin disease, characterised by progressing, usually symmetric, depigmented areas in human skin. Vitiligo affects 0.5% of the human population, however, optimal treatment combination real clinical practice has yet to be found. The aim of the study was to assess whether combined therapy with ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) provides superior response in vitiligo patients, compared with phototherapy or topical CNI monotherapy. We performed a retrospective cohort study of children treated for vitiligo from January 2016 to December 2019. Primary outcome measures include clinical efficacy defined by area of repigmentation — good clinical efficacy (re-pigmentation of ≥ 50% of lesion surface area), positive clinical efficacy and poor clinical efficacy (re-pigmentation of < 15% of lesion surface area). Secondary outcome measures included reduction of lesion size and tolerability of therapy. A total of 114 patients were recruited in the study, 46 allocated to the topical CNI therapy group, 36 to the narrow band (Nb-UVB), and 32 to the combined therapy group. All treatments statistically significantly decreased lesion surface area compared to the baseline (mean, SD). Local therapy reduced lesions from 8.5 (5.7) to 5.3 (4.2) by 37.3% (p < 0.0001), phototherapy reduced lesions from 9.8 (5.4) to 5.7 (3.92) by 42.3% (p < 0.0001), and combined therapy reduced lesions from 14.2 (4.8) to 6.58 (3.5) by 53.6% (p < 0.0001), with combined therapy showing superior numerical efficacy. Clinical efficacy for CNI monotherapy was 67.4%, for phototherapy — 80.5%, and for combined therapy 93.7%. The safety profile of therapies was consistent with other studies. Our results support the use of combined therapy in vitiligo patients.
Genetic Structure of Perch Perca Fluviatilis (L.) Populations in Latvian Rivers that are Fragmented (Daugava) and Non-Fragmented (Lielupe) By Hydroelectric Dams
Authors: Škute Natalja , Oreha Jelena , Krivmane Baiba , Evarte Arina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water ecosystems have an important role in maintenance of biological diversity and environmental quality in Latvia. Fish resources are one of the most valuable biological resources in Latvia. To evaluate the influence of economic activity (anthropogenic influence of cities, hydroelectric power stations) on freshwater ecosystems, the genetic structure of perch Perca fluviatilis (L.) populations in Daugava River and Lielupe River was studied. The genetic structure of the perch populations from Daugava River and Lielupe River was investigated using 9 DNA microsatellites (Pfla L4, Pfla L10, Pfla L2, Pfla L6, YP111, YP78, YP60, Svi L10, Svi L7), and by genetic diversity, the level of polymorphism, means of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity, and population structuring. It was shown that the perch population in the Daugava River in the territory of Riga was significantly different from the other populations and there was a lower level of heterozygosity in this population. In the Daugava River, genetic differentiation was significant for fish populations between Ķegums Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) and Riga HPP reservoirs due to the fragmentation of population by HPP dams.