bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration Distribution of Anti-VEGF Drugs Injected Into the Vitreous Cavity of Vitrectomy and Non-vitrectomy Eyes
Authors: Liu Guangsen , Li Yue , Gao Lei , Huang Xudong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the difference of retinal drug concentration distribution of anti-VEGF drugs injected into the vitreous cavity of vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes.Methods: This article reviews the related studies on the distribution of retinal drugs after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after IVI of anti-VEGF drugs. Results: There were few studies on retinal drug concentration after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after vitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. Pharmacokinetics plays an important role in drug tissue distribution and onset time. A faster drug clearance rate can theoretically explain that the shorter retention time of anti-VEGF drugs in the vitreous cavity after intraocular injection of anti-VEGF drugs after vitrectomy, the lower concentration of anti-VEGF drugs in the vitreous cavity at the same time point, which can explain the reason for the poor efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment in the eyes after vitrectomy. Therefore, we have reason to believe that there is a difference in retinal drug concentration after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. Previous research results may have some deficiencies, which need to be verified by further research. Conclusion: There are differences in retinal drug concentration between vitrectomy eyes and non-vitrectomy eyes after vitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. There may be some deficiencies in the previous research results, which need to be verified by further research.
Design and performance enhancement of a dense wavelength division multiplexing MIMO-FSO systems using DPPM and OOK modulation&nbsp;
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we design and analyze the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communications system using the digital-pulse position modulation (DPPM) and on-off keying (OOK). We show the effects noises, interchannel crosstalk, and atmospheric turbulence for the proposed system in the weak and strong turbulence with the modulation techniques. DWDM channels suffer from the inter-channel crosstalk while the communication performance in an obviously limited by the MIMO-FSO caused by atmospheric scintillation. All Impairments, in addition to noises of the optical amplification which is emerged the amplified spontaneous emission and are likely to be problematic, particularly in the upstream direction, which are investigated, the results obtained a high enough crosstalk ratio can achieve access to high-capacity in a system network safe and human. DPPM is a more power efficient modulation and lower power penalty 0.2 ~ 0.3 dB from the OOK modulation.
The efficacy and safety of Anyu Peibo Capsule in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder in China: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Yu Yimin , Jiang Yi , Chen Wu , Li Yan , Shen Yifeng , Zheng Qingshan , Li Huafang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder is the second leading cause of year lost to disability worldwide. Anyu Peibo Capsule was shown to have certain effective and favorable safety in phase II trials.Methods: The clinical study is a multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel groups phase Ⅲ trail of Anyu Peibo Capsule in China, to aim whether the administration of Anyu Peibo Capsule compared to placebo improves clinical outcome in adults (18 years to 65 years) with MDD. The subjects will receive 8-week treatment with Anyu Peibo Capsule 1.6 g per day or placebo. The primary outcome will be the change of total score from baseline to the end of week 8 in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale.Discussion: The trial aims to provide pivotal evidence on the efficacy and safety of Anyu Peibo Capsule in patients with major depressive disorder. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04210973. Registered on December 26, 2019. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04210973 Protocol version 1.2 from 29 August 2019.
Effects of Bushen-Jiangya granules on blood pressure and pharmacogenomic evaluation in low-to-medium risk hypertension: study protocol for a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Yang xiaochen , Xiong Xingjiang , Zhang Yun , Liu Yongmei , Li Hongzheng , Yao Kuiwu , Wang Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IntroductionHypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and its treatment and control rates are still low worldwide. The most effective strategy is that patients with hypertension should be diagnosed and treated early. Preliminary studies showed that the Bushen Jiangya granule (BSJY) may suppress ventricular hypertrophy and inflammatory responses, lower blood pressure and protect the target organs of hypertension. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of BSJY in patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension.Methods and analysisThis trial is a one-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 260 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an experiment group (BSJY plus amlodipine) and a control group (placebo plus amlodipine). The trial cycle will last 8 weeks. The primary outcome is blood pressure, which is reduced to a threshold set out in Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines. The secondary outcomes include the change in 24-h average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate variability, pharmacogenomic Evaluation, improvement in TCM Syndrome, serum pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, etc. between the two groups. Safety in medication will also be evaluated. All the data will be recorded in electronic case report forms and analyzed by SPSS V.22.0.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by Research Ethics Committee of Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, China (No. 2019-186-KY-01). The participants are volunteers, understand the process of this trial and sign an informed consent. The results of this study will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences. DiscussionWe hypothesize that patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension will benefit from BSJY. If successful, this study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.
Dynamic Changes in Lakes within the Selin Co Basin and Potential Drivers in Tibet
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Liu Hairui , Xie Changwei , Liu Guangyue , Wang Wu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qinhao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Prevailing lake changes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have occurred. Selin Co, a representative saline lake in the central region of the QTP, has experienced significant expansion, but the main cause for its dramatic expansion is still under debate. Based on Landsat images, meteorological data, and glacier and permafrost data, the dynamic changes in Selin Co and its surrounding small lakes were systematically discussed, and the driving factors behind these changes were further explored. The results suggest that from 1988–2017, the areas of Bange Co and Cuoe Lake showed slow, overall increasing trends at rates of 0.28 km2/yr and 0.11 km2/yr, respectively, and they exhibited upward trends before 2005 but downward trends afterward. The area of Selin Co substantially increased by 685.8 km2 with a growth rate of 30.39 km2/yr, with a slow increase of 27.11 km2 during the period from 1988–1997, a rapid increase of 510.53 km2 from 1997–2005 and an increase of 148.16 km2 from 2005–2017. Accordingly, the lake level and water volume of Bange Co slightly increased by 1.64 m and 0.088 km3, respectively, whereas those of Selin Co significantly rose by 8.138 m and 17.47 km3, respectively. The changes in the areas of Bange Co and Cuoe Lake were mostly related to annual precipitation (AP). Enhanced glacial meltwater owing to rising, with a rapid reduction of 165.1 km2 (39%) in the glacier area in the basin between 1980 and 2010, predominantly drove the dramatic expansion of Selin Co, followed by accelerated permafrost degradation, with significant increases in the active layer thickness (ALT) (7.44 cm/yr) and soil temperatures at a 15-m depth (0.0346°C/yr).
YLTZ in the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia (phlegm-turbid obstruction type): study protocol for randomized, double-blind, parallel dose control and multi-center phase II a dose exploration
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Zhuo Juncheng , Huang Xuejun , Gan Haining , Cai Dake , Huang Dane , Yao Nan , Li Leyi , Chen Yuxing , Sun Dongmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Yinlan Tiaozhi Capsule (YLTZ) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on clinical experience. YLTZ have been used for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China, performing the disorder of blood lipids level, but few clinical studies have been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in the treatment of primary HLP. Here, we designed a clinical trial combining Western Chinese medicine and TCM evaluation systems to evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary HLP.Methods: The study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel dose control and multi-center clinical trial. Eligible subjects (n=120) will be allocated after satisfying the criteria (western medicine). Subjects will be randomized to receive YLTZ, or a placebo for 12-week treatment and with follow-up after treatment to record symptoms and signs and to collect serum samples for detecting the lipids level. At the same time, the syndrome differentiation criteria of TCM, such as body mass index, furred tongue and palpitation, will be recorded as determined by doctors of both Western and Chinese medicine. Participants will be instructed to comply with the protocol and to keep a daily record of symptoms. The primary and secondary outcomes and safety indicators will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YLTZ in the treatment of primary HLP based on both Western Chinese medicine and TCM evaluation systems.Discussion: Previous studies were expected to evaluate whether the addition of YLTZ to standard routine treatment would enhance the treatment effectiveness and improve the primary HLP. However, this trial is focused on the outcome of lipids level, and we chose a range of outcome measurements to assess the improvement of relevant symptoms and signs. This trial is the first study designed to define and optimize the outcome measurements of lipids level of YLTZ in the treatment of patients with primary HLP. Trial registration: The trial has also been registered with the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE, CTR20190061) and the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1900021326).
The SHINE Trial (A Multicentre, Randomised Trial of Stabilisation with Nasal High Flow During Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation): Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Hodgson Kate , Manley Brett , Kamlin Omar , Owen Louise , Roberts Calum , Francis Kate , Davis Peter , Donath Susan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Endotracheal intubation is an essential but potentially destabilising procedure for neonates. With an increased focus on avoiding mechanical ventilation, particularly in preterm infants, there are fewer opportunities for clinicians to gain proficiency in this important emergency skill. Rates of successful intubation at the first attempt are relatively low, and adverse event rates including desaturation and bradycardia are high, when compared with intubations in paediatric and adult populations. Interventions to improve operator success and patient stability during neonatal endotracheal intubations are needed. Using nasal high flow therapy during apnoea extends the safe apnoea time of adults undergoing upper airway surgery and during endotracheal intubation [1]. This technique is untested in neonates.
DISCO App: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Effectiveness of a Patient Intervention to Reduce the Financial Burden of Cancer In a Diverse Patient Population
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Dougherty David W. , Kim Seongho , Heath Elisabeth I. , Mabunda Lorna , Tadesse Eyouab , Hill RaeAnn , Eggly Susan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Financial toxicity, the material and psychological burden of the cost of treatment, affects 30-50% of people with cancer, even those with health insurance. The burden of treatment cost can affect treatment adherence and, ultimately, mortality. Financial toxicity is a health equity issue, disproportionately affecting patients who are racial/ethnic minorities, have lower incomes, and are <65 years old. Patient education about treatment cost and patient-oncologist cost discussions are recommended as ways to address financial toxicity; however, research shows cost discussions occur infrequently1-4. Our overall goal is to address the burden of financial toxicity and work toward health equity through a tailorable education and communication intervention, the DISCO App. The aim of this longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to test the effectiveness of the DISCO App on outcomes in a population of economically and racially/ethnically diverse cancer patients from all age groups. Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal or prostate cancer at a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in Detroit, Michigan will be randomized to intervention or usual care arms. Intervention patients will receive the DISCO App before the second interaction with their oncologist, and some patients will receive an intervention booster. The DISCO App, presented on an iPad, includes an educational video about treatment costs, ways to manage them, and the importance of discussing them with oncologists. Patients enter socio-demographic information (e.g., employment, insurance status, etc.) and indicate their financial concerns. They then receive a tailored list of questions to consider asking their oncologist. All patients will have up to two interactions with their oncologist video recorded and complete measures at baseline, after the recorded interactions, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the second interaction. Outcome measures will assess discussions of cost, communication quality, knowledge of treatment costs, self-efficacy for treatment cost management, referrals for support, short- and longer-term financial toxicity, and treatment adherence. Discussion: If effective, this intervention will improve awareness of and discussions of treatment cost and alleviate the burden of financial toxicity. It may be especially helpful to groups disproportionately affected by financial toxicity, helping to achieve health equity. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov - NCT04766190. Registered February 23, 2021
Dispersion Characteristics of Electromagnetic Wave in Magnetized One Dimensional Ferrite Photonic Crystals with Mixed Field Configuration
Authors: SHARMA YOGESH , Prasad Surendra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The dispersion characteristics and phase index of electromagnetic waves in two types of magnetized one dimensional ferrite photonic crystals with mixed field configuration are studied for transverse magnetic mode. The dispersion equation and formula for phase index are derived using transfer matrix method. It is found that in type-1 & type-2 magnetized one dimensional ferrite photonic crystals, photonic band gaps (PBGs) show dependence on HOYIG and HONI respectively. The PBGs corresponding to thinner YIG layer are at higher frequency side at fixed. The variation of frequency-filling factor shows that PBGs occur in the form of lobe for both types. It is observed that the phase index is strongly influenced by external magnetic fields, and filling factor. It is demonstrated that PBGs in phase index occur in the form of lobes at fixed. Also, with decrease in the magnitude of phase index, number of lobe increases. The phase index, field and frequency plots show that there are multiple peaks in the PBGs of phase index in the lower frequency.
Ultra Steep Ge-source Dopingless Tunnelling Field Effect Transistor with Enhanced Drive Current
Authors: Priyadarshani Kumari Nibha , Singh Sangeeta , Singh Kunal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ge-source dopingless tunnelling field effect transistor (Ge-source DLTFET) with the optimization of dielectric oxide thickness under the source and the gate contacts is proposed and investigated by calibrated 2D TCAD device simulation. As the structure is realized using dopingless technique, this enables lower thermal budget, higher immunity towards the random dopant fluctuations (RDFs) effects and velocity degradation effects. The optimization of dielectric thickness has been done to tune the carrier concentrations induced in source and channel regions in order to improve the device performance. The drive current is magnificently enhanced along with ION/IOFF ratio, peak transconductance and ultra-steep subthreshold slope (SS) is reported for the optimized Si-DLTFET. In addition to this by deploying Ge-source instead of Si source in optimized Si-DLTFET increases ON current slightly and OFF current gets reduced by the order of two as compared to the optimized Si-DLTFET. This improves the ION/IOFF ratio,the reported drive current for Ge-source DLTFET is 5.1×10− 4 A/µm, along with ION/IOFF ratio as 1.54×1013, peak transconductance as 1.26 mS/µm and ultra-steep SS as 1.69 mV/decade. Further, the analog, RF and linearity performance parameters have also been investigated for both the structures and demonstrated notable improvement. The energy efficiency investigationreveals a significant reduction in energy-delay product. This paper indicates thepotentials of optimized Si-DLTFET and Ge-source DLTFET as promising candidates for low power analog and RF applications and Ge-source DLTFET hasbetter device dc performance.
Effects of modifiers on soil enzyme activity and microbial community diversity in cadmium-contaminated farmland soil
Authors: Zhu Yongqi , Tian Tian , Wang Jingang , Song Jianghui , Shi Xiaoyan , Wang Haijiang , Lv Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination, with great toxicity, seriously threatens soil environment. In this study, the effects of biochar and biofertilizer used as modifiers on the biochemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity in Cd-contaminated soils (1, 2, and 4 mg·kg− 1) were investigated. The results showed that the soil C/N ratio and electrical conductance could be increased by biochar and biofertilizer (P < 0.05). The soil pH in the biochar and biofertilizer treatments increased by 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, and the soil available Cd concentration decreased by 60.24% and 74.34% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with those in the control group. The increase of soil alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the biochar treatment (P < 0.05), and the increases of the activities of soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and urease were observed in the biofertilizer treatment (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria were increased and the soil microbial community structure was improved in the biochar and biofertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation model (SEM) showed that soil available Cd concentration had negative effects on soil pH, C/N ratio, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity, and relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. The increase of soil urease activity was the main reason for the increase of soil microbial diversity. In summary, the applications of biochar and biofertilizer could decrease soil available Cd concentration, increase soil microbial community diversity, and reduce the damage of Cd stress.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents: a retrospective study in Chengdu, China
Authors: Li Min , Yang SuFei , Sun JinHua , Lin LiangKang , Huang Xin , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is steadily increasing and has become a public health concern. Lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the children and adolescents who visited the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020. We included obese children who met the criteria and divided them into 5 groups with 6 months as the unit according to the time of their visit. The national lockdown time was used as a segmentation point to study the changes of obesity status in the same children before and after lockdown. Results: A total of 140,526 children and adolescents visited the outpatient department from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020, and 1,740 of them were diagnosed as overweight or obese at the time of their first visit. The study found that there was a significant difference in the obesity rate among the groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between January to June, 2020 and the previous period. Except for the increased incidence of VD deficiency (P < 0.01), the severity of obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia of obese children did not change before and after COVID-19 (P=0.303, 0.663, 0.106, respectively). A total of 65 obese children were followed up in the outpatient department before and after COVID-19 lockdown. There were no significant differences in BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR and 25(OH)VD among obese children before and after lockdown (p = 0.626, 0.386, 0.251, respectively). Conclusions: The available evidence cannot prove that the COVID-19 pandemic affects the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents who visited hospitals. It may be related to the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children.