bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the 12-item Arabic World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) as a screening tool for Syrian refugees
Authors: Akhtar Aemal , Cuijpers Pim , Morina Naser , Sijbrandij Marit , Bryant Richard 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a generic measure of functional impairment and disability but to date no studies have reported its applicability in a population of Syrian refugees.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Arabic version of the WHODAS 2.0 among a population of Syrian refugees in a Jordanian refugee camp setting. The tool was used as part of a screening procedure for a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a low-intensity psychological intervention.MethodA representative sample of Syrian refugees (n= 650) were screened to assess levels of functional impairment and psychological distress. The screening results were used to explore the internal consistency and dimensionality of the WHODAS 2.0. We assessed level of convergence with the validated Kessler 10-item Psychological Distress Scale (K10), which assesses psychological distress. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the construct validity and factor structure of the WHODAS 2.0.ResultsThe mean baseline WHODAS 2.0 score was 20.5 (s.d. = 7.6). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha 0.74), with all 12-items appearing to be related to the same construct. The WHODAS 2.0 was positively correlated with the K10 (r= 0.57,P <0.001). The results of the EFA identified a three-factor solution accounting for 51% of variation, corresponding with factors related to self-activities, external activities and self-care. CFA results indicated good fit of the three-factor solution.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the WHODAS 2.0 has a three-factor solution and is an acceptable screening tool for use among Syrian refugees.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation associated with aerobic exercise on the autonomic modulation of hemiparetic individuals due to stroke: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zilli Lo Presti Heinz Solange , De Angelis Katia , Heinz Glauber , Viana Ariane , Marciano Consolim-Colombo Fernanda , Calegari Bonfadine Agatha , Rodrigues Nemesio Ruthe , Gabriella Ribolli Bacalhau Claudia , Alves de Oliveira Rafael , Sayuri Miyamura Cristina , Carlos Ferrari Corrêa João , Ishida Corrêa Fernanda 
Published: October 2021

Background:Individuals after a stroke have an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, which increases the risk of death or recurrent episodes of stroke. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with aerobic exercise has shown an effect on the modulation of this system.Objective:The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the distance traveled on the exercise bike will be assessed to verify the additional impact of tDCS combined with aerobic exercise on individuals with chronic stroke sequelae.Methods:The 34 adult individuals with diagnoses of chronic stroke will be randomized into two aerobic exercise intervention groups: G1 (with active tDCS) and G2 (with sham tDCS), three times a week, for 12 weeks.Procedures:tDCS will be implemented during the aerobic exercise with the anodal electrode positioned over the lateral dorsal prefrontal left cortex, and the cathodal electrode over the contralateral supraorbital region, with 2mA, for 20 minutes. Assessments will be carried out pre, immediately after the intervention, and on the 12th, 24th, 36th interventions, and 30 days later.The HRV data that are pulse interval (PI), square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (rMSSD), absolute high frequency (HF), absolute low frequency (LF), high and low frequency ratio (LF / HF) will be collected using a cardio frequency meter. The analysis of the distance traveled on the exercise bike before and after interventions will be analyzed in meters.Discussion:The autonomic control via brain networks after a stroke can be altered and can promote an increase in sympathetic tone, and a higher risk of sudden death or relapse of stroke. It is crucial to demonstrate the effectiveness of available treatments to improve the autonomic function.Trial registration:The study is registered as aBRAZILIAN CLINICAL TEST RECORD(ReBEC): U1111-1222-4588 on the 2018/10/16
Status of self-esteem in medical students of a college in Kathmandu: A descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Bikal , Yadav Stuti , Dhakal Subodh , Ghimire Pooja , Shrestha Yubika , Singh Rathaure Ela 
Published: October 2021

Background: Self-esteem is vital to living a happy, confident and content life. Medical students experience various forms of stress due to academic, financial and social pressures which could affect their levels of self-esteem. This study aims to study the status of self-esteem among undergraduates of a medical college at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Methods: After receiving the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of NAIHS; we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among the first- to fifth-year medical students from December 2020 to April 2021. 190 were selected for the study using a stratified random sampling technique. This study used the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure self–esteem of the participants. A Google Forms questionnaire was sent to the participants via email. Then, the data obtained were entered in the Google sheet and later analyzed using SPSS 27. A Chi-square test was used to identify potential differences in self-esteem scores among different variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study included a total of 180 participants, among which, 18.9% (13.19% to 24.61%; at 95% CI) students showed low self -esteem. 74.4% (68.02% to 80.78%; at 95% CI) students had normal self-esteem and 6.7% (3.05% to 10.35%; at 95% CI) students had high self-esteem. The mean self-esteem score was 19.19 (15.01 to 23.37; at 95% CI). Female participants suffered more than males from low self-esteem, and third-year students had the highest percentage of low self-esteem (30.77%). Conclusion: The majority (74.4%) of medical students had normal self-esteem. However, 18.9% students had low self-esteem, among which, third-year students suffered the most (30.77%). Likewise, females exhibited higher prevalence of low self-esteem compared to males. Interventions to boost the level of self-esteem should be carried out to help medical students become confident and efficient doctors.
Motion and Geometric Feature Analysis for Real-time Automatic Micro-expression Recognition Systems
Authors: Muhammad Buhari Adamu , Ooi Chee-Pun , Baskaran Vishnu Monn , Tan Wooi-Haw 
Published: October 2021

The trend of real-time micro-expression recognition systems has increased with recent advancements in human-computer interaction (HCI) in security and healthcare. Several studies in this field contributed towards recognition accuracy, while few studies look into addressing the computation costs. In this paper, two approaches for micro-expression feature extraction are analyzed for real-time automatic micro-expression recognition. Firstly, motion-based approach, which calculates motion of subtle changes from an image sequence and present as features. Then, secondly, a low computational geometric-based feature extraction technique, a very popular method for facial expression recognition in real-time. These approaches were integrated in a developed system together with a facial landmark detection algorithm and a classifier for real-time analysis. Moreover, the recognition performance were evaluated using SMIC, CASME, CAS(ME)2 and SAMM datasets. The results suggest that the optimized Bi-WOOF (leveraging on motion-based features) yields the highest accuracy of 68.5%, while the full-face graph (leveraging on geometric-based features) yields 75.53% on the SAMM dataset. On the other hand, the optimized Bi-WOOF processes sample at 0.36 seconds and full-face graph processes sample at 0.10 seconds with a 640x480 image size. All experiments were performed on an Intel i5-3470 machine.
Quantifying endothelial cell proliferation in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Bowley George , Chico Timothy JA , Serbanovic-Canic Jovana , Evans Paul C 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Endothelial cell (EC) proliferation is a fundamental determinant of vascular development and homeostasis, and contributes to cardiovascular disease by increasing vascular permeability to blood-borne lipoproteins. Rodents have been traditionally used to analyse EC proliferation mechanisms in vascular health and disease; however, alternative models such as the zebrafish embryo allow researchers to conduct small scale screening studies in a physiologically relevant vasculature whilst reducing the use of mammals in biomedical research. In vitro models of EC proliferation are valuable but do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the in vivo situation. Several groups have used zebrafish embryos for vascular biology research because they offer the advantages of an in vivo model in terms of complexity but are also genetically manipulable and optically transparent. Methods: Here we investigated whether zebrafish embryos can provide a suitable model for the study of EC proliferation. We explored the use of antibody, DNA labelling, and time-lapse imaging approaches. Results: Antibody and DNA labelling approaches were of limited use in zebrafish due to the low rate of EC proliferation combined with the relatively narrow window of time in which they can label proliferating nuclei. By contrast, time-lapse imaging of fluorescent proteins localised to endothelial nuclei was a sensitive method to quantify EC proliferation in zebrafish embryos. Discussion: We conclude that time-lapse imaging is suitable for analysis of endothelial cell proliferation in zebrafish, and that this method is capable of capturing more instances of EC proliferation than immunostaining or cell labelling alternatives. This approach is relevant to anyone studying endothelial cell proliferation for screening genes or small molecules involved in EC proliferation. It offers greater biological relevance than existing in vitro models such as HUVECs culture, whilst reducing the overall number of animals used for this type of research.
Perceived risk and condomless sex practice with commercial and non-commercial sexual partners of male migrant sex workers in London, UK
Authors: Ruiz-Burga Elisa 
Published: October 2021

Background: Since the emergence of HIV and the AIDS pandemic, the majority of risk-reduction interventions have been centred on the use of condoms in sex workers. Methods: This qualitative study recruited 25 male migrant sex workers in London to understand their risk perception and condomless sex experiences within the context of sex work and private life. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, and the findings interpreted through the theory of planned behaviour. Results: The themes explain that condomless sex with clients occurred when participants consciously accepted to perform this service deploying a risk assessment of clients, faulty strategies, and sexual practices to reduce their risk; or when they lost control because of recreational drugs, feeling attraction to clients, in precarious circumstances, or were victims of violence. Conversely, condomless sex with non-commercial partners occurred according to the type of relationship, with formal partners it was rationalised through emotional aspects attached to this kind of relationship, while with casual partners it was connected to sexual arousal and the use of alcohol and drugs. Conclusions: Reinforce educational interventions to deliver STI-HIV information, enhance the use of condoms, and to address specific contextual factors that facilitate condomless practice with commercial and non-commercial sexual partners.
Ultrawide bandwidth single-mode polarization beam splitter based on dual-hollow-core antiresonant fiber
Authors: Jia Haoqiang , Wang Xin , Zhao Tongtong , Tang Zijuan , Lian Zhenggang , Lou Shuqin , Sheng Xinzhi 
Published: October 2021

An ultrawide bandwidth and single-mode polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on an air-gap type of dual-hollow-core antiresonant fiber (DHC-ARF) is proposed. Nested tubes are introduced into two cladding tubes between two cores to weaken the wavelength dependence of coupling length in DHC-ARF for obtaining ultrawide bandwidth. By tuning the cladding tube sizes, higher-order core modes with the lowest loss can be coupled with cladding tube modes, and thus, effectively, single-mode operation is achieved. Numerical results demonstrate that an 8.15 cm long DHC-ARF can be used to develop a PBS with an operating bandwidth of 370 nm ranging from 1.28 to 1.65 µm, where a polarization extinction ratio is below

−

20

d
B

and a high-order mode extinction ratio exceeds 100.
Unterstützung digitaler Bildungsprozesse durch interaktive gamifizierte Lernvideos – Wie innovative Lernvideos Motivation und Lernerfolg steigern können
Authors: Weinert Tim , Benner Dennis , Dickhaut Ernestine , Janson Andreas , Schöbel Sofia , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitales Lernen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der heutigen Bildungslandschaft geworden. Insbesondere Lernvideos haben in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Popularität gewonnen und Plattformen wie YouTube sind heute ein fester Bestandteil von Lernprozessen. Bildungseinrichtungen haben diese Entwicklung erkannt und Lernvideos in ihre Lernsysteme integriert. Allerdings sind die heutigen Lernvideos oft nicht sehr ansprechend, weil es an Gestaltungswissen mangelt, wie Interaktionen und gamifizierte Elemente die Motivation und den Lernerfolg steigern können. Dieser Mangel an Gestaltungswissen führt zu minderwertigen Lernvideos, die den Lernprozess der Lernenden meist nicht in dem Maße unterstützen, wie sie es könnten. Um effektive Lernvideos zu entwickeln, welche die Lernenden adäquat unterstützen, ist handfestes und praktisches Gestaltungswissen für die Lehrenden notwendig. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickeln wir Entwurfsmuster für interaktive gamifizierte Lernvideos, um Praktiker*innen bei der Erstellung effektiver Lernvideos anzuleiten, die die Motivation und das Engagement von Lernenden zu fördern, welche sie aktiv in ihrem Lernprozess unterstützen zu können. Wir setzen damit zusätzlich die Grundlage für zukünftige Forschung zur Gestaltung effektiver Lernvideos. Dabei folgen wir einem gestaltungsorientierten Forschungsansatz, um die Entwicklung unserer Entwurfsmuster zu systematisieren.
Prevalence and associated factors of malaria in children under the age of five years in Wogera district, northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tsegaye Adino Tesfahun , Ayele Andualem , Birhanu Simon 
Published: October 2021

Background
Malaria is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, and children are especially vulnerable. In 2019, an estimated 409,000 people died of malaria, most (274,000) were young children and 94% of the cases and deaths were in Africa. Prior studies in Ethiopia focused on the adult population and high transmission areas. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malaria in children under five years in low transmission areas.

Method
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 585 under-five children who attended public health facilities in the Wogera district from September to October, 2017. Health facilities were selected by stratified cluster sampling, and systematic random sampling was held to select study participants from the selected facilities. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of malaria.

Result
Of 585 children who provided blood samples, 51 (8.7%) had malaria. The predominant Plasmodium species were P. falciparum 33 (65%) and P. vivax 18 (35%). Regularly sleeping under long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLIN) was associated with decreased odds of malaria (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.09), and an increased odds of malaria was observed among children who live in households with stagnant water in the compound (AOR = 6.7, 95% CI: 3.6–12.6) and children who stay outdoors during the night (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.7–11.1).

Conclusion
The prevalence of malaria in the study population was high. Environmental and behavioral factors related to LLIN use remain potential determinants of malaria. Continued public health interventions targeting proper utilization of bed nets, drainage of stagnant water, and improved public awareness about reducing the risk of insect bites have the potential to minimize the prevalence of malaria and improve the health of children.
Gambaran Histologi Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemia Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss)
Authors: Fahriyansyah Fani , Isdadiyanto Sri , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun , Sitasiwi Agung Janika 
Published: October 2021

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kelainan metabolic yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis yang disebabkan tidak cukupnya produksi insulin dan resistensi insulin. Diabetes telah diketahui dapat menyebabkan komplikasi berupa kerusakan pada jaringan ginjal. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) memiliki kandungan antioksidan flavonoid yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas dan memperbaiki jaringan ginjal yang rusak akibat diabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 tikus putih yang menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan. P0 (kontrol normal) merupakan tukus normal diberi aquades. P1(Kontrol negatif) merupakan tikus hiperglikemia diberi aquades. P2 (kontrol positif) merupakan tikus hiperglikemia diberi glibenklamid dosis 2,25 mg/ kg BB. P3, P4, dan P5 merupakan tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Anova. Untuk data yang tidak terdistribusi normal diuji dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap bobot ginjal, konsumsi air minum, diameter glomerulus, ruang kapsula bowman, tebal sel epitel tubulus proksimal, dan tebal sel epitel tubulus distal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun mimba mampu melindungi jaringan ginjal tikus putih dari paparan hiperglikemia Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that treats chronic hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin production and insulin resistance. Diabetes has been known to cause complications in the form of damage to kidney tissue. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) has flavonoid antioxidants that can ward off free radicals and repair kidney tissue damaged by diabetes. The purpose of the study was to examine the ethanol extract of neem leaves repairing kidney tissue. The study used 18 albino rats were divided into 6 treatment groups. P1 (negative control) was a hyperglycemic rats group were given distilled water. P2 (positive control) was a hyperglycemic rats were given 2.25 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide. P3, P4, and P5 were rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of ethanolic neem leaf extract The research data were analyzed by ANOVA. The non-normally distributed data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the ethanol extract of neem leaves had no significant effect on kidney weight, water consumption, glomerular diameter, bowman's capsule space, proximal tubular epithelial cell thickness, and distal tubular epithelial cell thickness. The conclusion of this study was the ethanol extract of neem leaves was able to protect the kidney tissue of white rats from hyperglycemia.
Slices of Hewitt–Stromberg measures and co-dimensions formula
Authors: Selmi Bilel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the behavior of the lower and upper multifractal
Hewitt–Stromberg functions under slices onto

(

n
-
m

)

{(n-m)}

-dimensional
subspaces. More precisely, we discuss the relationship between the
multifractal Hewitt–Stromberg functions of a compactly supported
Borel probability measure and those of slices or sections of the
measure. In addition, we prove that if μ has a finite m-energy
and q lies in a certain somewhat restricted interval, then these
functions satisfy the expected adding of co-dimensions formula.
Concentration-Compactness Principle for Trudinger–Moser’s Inequalities on Riemannian Manifolds and Heisenberg Groups: A Completely Symmetrization-Free Argument
Authors: Li Jungang , Lu Guozhen , Zhu Maochun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The concentration-compactness principle for the Trudinger–Moser-type inequality in the Euclidean space was established crucially relying on the Pólya–Szegő inequality which allows to adapt the symmetrization argument. As far as we know, the first concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type in non-Euclidean settings, such as the Heisenberg (and more general stratified) groups where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails, was found in [J. Li, G. Lu and M. Zhu, Concentration-compactness principle for Trudinger–Moser inequalities on Heisenberg groups and existence of ground state solutions, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 57 2018, 3, Paper No. 84] by developing a nonsmooth truncation argument. In this paper, we establish the concentration-compactness principle of Trudinger–Moser type on any compact Riemannian manifolds as well as on the entire complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature lower bound. Our method is a symmetrization-free argument on Riemannian manifolds where the Pólya–Szegő inequality fails. This method also allows us to give a completely symmetrization-free argument on the entire Heisenberg (or stratified) groups which refines and improves a proof in the paper of Li, Lu and Zhu. Our results also show that the bounds for the suprema in the concentration-compactness principle on compact manifolds are continuous and monotone increasing with respect to the volume of the manifold.
日籍華語學習者的體標記習得偏誤
Authors: 德馨 劉 , 庭安 郭 , 和也 大槻 , 姵妤 葉 , 儀君 劉 
Published: October 2021

提要華語中的進行貌「在」和持續貌「著」, 在語意上都含有持續的意思, 這種語意特徵一直以來對日籍的華語學習者造成很大的困擾。對日籍華語學習者而言, 日語中表示持續貌的「ている teiru」, 除了可以對應華語進行貌「在」、持續貌「著」, 還能對應華語表達狀態改變的「了」。一對多的對應形式, 使日籍華語學習者在分辨華語動貌標記時, 出現很大的困難。本研究採用雙元理論 (The Two-Component Theory, Smith, Carlota S. 1997.The parameter of aspect. The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands) 作為中日動貌對比分析之理論框架, 討論華語和日語敘事觀點的差異, 以量化和質化分析並行之方式, 檢視10位中級和高級日籍學習者之口語語料, 並與4位母語人士的口語產出進行對比分析, 以探討學習者在使用華語敘事時動貌標記的使用, 以及母語負遷移的影響。研究發現, 學習者的動貌標記偏誤並非源於對動詞語義所蘊含的事件結構認識不清, 而是因為「ている teiru」可以對應到華語的「在」、「著」和「了」, 再加上缺乏前後景的概念而導致偏誤, 因此會有誤代和遺漏的情況發生, 此種狀況在連動句最為明顯。
Examining the Creative Self-Efficacy, Goal Interdependence, and Satisfaction of New Venture Teams in the Board Game Industry
Authors: Swab R. Gabrielle , Cogan Aviel , Pret Tobias , Marshall David R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study theoretically and empirically examines the important role that goal structures play in new venture teams. Specifically, we examine how creative self-efficacy affects the satisfaction of team members through cooperative and competitive goal interdependence. Relying on social cognitive and social interdependence theories, we contend that new venture teams’ creative self-efficacy leads to higher team satisfaction because it promotes the perception of cooperative goal structures among team members. We test our theory on new venture teams in the independent board game industry. Results generally support our hypotheses and we discuss the implications for entrepreneurship research and practice.