bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Metallocene‐based Transition Metal Sulfides Integrated with N‐doped Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Thangasamy Pitchai , Nam Sanghee , Oh Saewoong , Randriamahazaka Hyacinthe , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, utilizing metallocene and organosulfur chelating agent, an innovative synthetic route was developed towards electrochemically activated transition metal sulfides entrapped in pyridinic nitrogen‐incorporated carbon nanostructures for superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Most importantly, the preferential electrochemical activation process, which consisted of both anodic and cathodic pre‐treatment steps, strikingly enhanced OER and long‐lasting cyclic stability. The substantial increase in OER electrocatalytic activity of Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC and Co9S8−NC during the activation process was mainly attributed to the increase of faradaic active site density on the catalytic layer resulting from the reconstruction of catalytic interfaces. It was also found that Fe‐based metallocene [ferrocene (Fc)]‐incorporation in the Co9S8−NC and Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC nanostructures significantly boosted the OER activity. Thus, the combined effects of Fc‐incorporation and the electrochemical activation process reduced the overpotential to about 115 and 95 mV on the Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC and Co9S8−NC nanostructures to derive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Notably, Fc−Ni9S8/Ni3S2−NC electrocatalysts required very small overpotentials of around 222, 244, and 280 mV to acquire the current densities of 10, 20, and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. This work opens up a new avenue for superior OER electrocatalysts by the utilization of metallocene and the preferential electrochemical activation process.
The role of carbonate factories and sea water chemistry on basin‐wide ramp to high‐relief carbonate platform evolution: Triassic, Nanpanjiang Basin, South China
Authors: Lehrmann Daniel J. , Stepchinski Leanne M. , Wolf Hannah E. , Li Liangzi , Li Xiaowei , Minzoni Marcello , Yu Meiyi , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe end‐Permian extinction and its aftermath altered carbonate factories globally for millions of years, but its impact on platform geometries remains poorly understood. Here, the evolution in architecture and composition of two exceptionally exposed platforms in the Nanpanjiang Basin are constrained and compared with geochemical proxies to evaluate controls on platform geometries. Geochemical proxies indicate elevated siliciclastic and nutrient fluxes in the basal Triassic, at the Induan—Olenekian boundary and in the uppermost Olenekian. Cerium/Ce* shifts from high Ce/Ce* values and a lack of Ce anomaly indicating anoxia during the Lower Triassic to a negative Ce anomaly indicating oxygenation in the latest Olenekian and Anisian. Uranium and Mo depletion represents widespread anoxia in the world's oceans in the Early Triassic with progressive oxygenation in the Anisian. Carbonate factories shifted from skeletal in the Late Permian to abiotic and microbial in the Early Triassic before returning to skeletal systems in the Middle Triassic, Anisian coincident with declining anoxia. Margin facies shifted to oolitic grainstone in the Early Triassic with development of giant ooids and extensive marine cements. Anisian margins, in contrast, are boundstone with a diverse skeletal component. The shift in platform architecture from ramp to steep, high‐relief, flat‐topped profiles is decoupled from carbonate compositions having occurred in the Olenekian prior to the onset of basin oxygenation and biotic stabilisation of the margins. A basin‐wide synchronous shift from ramp to high‐relief platforms points to a combination of high subsidence rate and basin starvation coupled with high rates of abiotic and microbial carbonate accumulation and marine cement stabilisation of oolitic margins as the primary causes for margin up‐building. High sea water carbonate saturation resulting from a lack of skeletal sinks for precipitation, and basin anoxia promoting an expanded depth of carbonate supersaturation, probably contributed to marine cement stabilisation of margins that stimulated the shift from ramp to high‐relief platform architecture.
Evolutionary patterns of nucleotide substitution rates in plastid genomes of Quercus
Authors: Li Xuan , Li Yongfu , Sylvester Steven Paul , Zang Mingyue , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Fang Yanming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolecular evolution, including nucleotide substitutions, plays an important role in understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species evolution. Here, we sequenced whole plastid genomes (plastomes) of Quercus fabri, Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus engleriana, and Quercus phellos and compared them with 14 other Quercus plastomes to explore their evolutionary relationships using 67 shared protein‐coding sequences. While many previously identified evolutionary relationships were found, our findings do not support previous research which retrieve Quercus subg. Cerris sect. Ilex as a monophyletic group, with sect. Ilex found to be polyphyletic and composed of three strongly supported lineages inserted between sections Cerris and Cyclobalanposis. Compared with gymnosperms, Quercus plastomes showed higher evolutionary rates (Dn/Ds = 0.3793). Most protein‐coding genes experienced relaxed purifying selection, and the high Dn value (0.1927) indicated that gene functions adjusted to environmental changes effectively. Our findings suggest that gene interval regions play an important role in Quercus evolution. We detected greater variation in the intergenic regions (trnH‐psbA, trnK_UUU‐rps16, trnfM_CAU‐rps14, trnS_GCU‐trnG_GCC, and atpF‐atpH), intron losses (petB and petD), and pseudogene loss and degradation (ycf15). Additionally, the loss of some genes suggested the existence of gene exchanges between plastid and nuclear genomes, which affects the evolutionary rate of the former. However, the connective mechanism between these two genomes is still unclear.
Disentangling complex genomic signals to understand population structure of an exploited, estuarine‐dependent flatfish
Authors: O'Leary Shannon J. , Hollenbeck Christopher M. , Vega Robert R. , Portnoy David S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterpreting contemporary patterns of population structure requires an understanding of the interactions among microevolutionary forces and past demographic events. Here, 4,122 SNP‐containing loci were used to assess structure in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) sampled across its range in the US Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and relationships among components of genomic variation and spatial and environmental variables were assessed across estuarine population samples in the Gulf. While hierarchicalAmovarevealed significant heterogeneity within and between the Atlantic and Gulf, pairwise comparisons between samples within ocean basins demonstrated that all significant heterogeneity occurred within the Gulf. The distribution of Tajima'sDestimated at a genome‐wide scale differed significantly from equilibrium in all estuaries, with more negative values occurring in the Gulf. Components of genomic variation were significantly associated with environmental variables describing individual estuaries, and environment explained a larger component of variation than spatial proximity. Overall, results suggest that there is genetic spatial autocorrelation caused by shared larval sources for proximal nurseries (migration/drift), but that it is modified by environmentally driven differentiation (selection). This leads to conflicting signals in different parts of the genome and creates patterns of divergence that do not correspond to paradigms of strong local directional selection.
Turbulence structure and longitudinal velocity distribution of open channel flows with reedy emergent vegetation
Authors: Wang Jiasheng , Liu Xiaoguang , Min Fengyang , Dai Juan , Jiang Xi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity and the turbulence structure of open channel flows with natural‐like reedy emergent vegetation were investigated in this study. The natural‐like reedy vegetation consisted of a basal stem and flexible blades with shape and reconfiguration behaviour comparable with those found in actual riparian areas. The 3D velocity field was measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The vertically non‐uniform distribution of the frontal area could dramatically affect the exchange of mass and momentum between emergent vegetation and their surroundings. The average time velocity profile varied inversely with the frontal area. The high velocity gradient appearing at the middle section of the zone with frontal area varied considerably. The structures of vortices and vertical transport were analysed using spectral analysis and conditional sampling to identify the prominent vortical structures and their contribution to momentum transport. Spectral analysis suggested that the stem‐scale vortices set by stem spacing where the vertical frontal area had no clear change were dominant, and shear‐layer vortices where vertical frontal area dramatically changed cannot be disregarded. Quadrant analysis showed that inward and outward interactions were the dominant contributors to Reynolds stress, excluding the zones approaching the channel boundary and the vertical frontal area that dramatically changed. A four‐layer model was developed to predict the vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity with a newly established profile of local drag coefficient. The predicting results agreed well with the experimental data.
Sacubitril/valsartan decreases mortality in the rat model of the isoprenaline‐induced takotsubo‐like syndrome
Authors: Ali Anwar , Redfors Björn , Alkhoury Jessica , Oras Jonatan , Henricsson Marcus , Boren Jan , Björnson Elias , Espinosa Aaron , Levin Malin , Gan Li‐Ming , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute potentially reversible cardiac syndrome characterized by variable regional myocardial akinesia that cannot be attributed to a culprit coronary artery occlusion. TTS is an important differential diagnosis of acute heart failure where brain natriuretic peptides are elevated. Sacubitril/valsartan is a novel and effective pharmacological agent for the treatment of patients with heart failure. Our aim was to explore whether treatment with sacubitril/valsartan could prevent isoprenaline‐induced takotsubo‐like phenotype in rats.Methods and resultsA total number of 186 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomized to receive pretreatment with water (CONTROL, n = 62), valsartan (VAL, n = 62), or sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL, n = 62) before receiving isoprenaline for induction of TTS. We recorded heart rate and blood pressure invasively. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated by high‐resolution echocardiography 90 min after the administration of isoprenaline. We documented the survival rate at the time of echocardiography. Compared with the CONTROL group, the SAC/VAL group had less pronounced TTS‐like cardiac dysfunction and lower mortality rate, while the VAL group did not differ. Heart rate and blood pressure were not significantly different between the groups. Analysis of cardiac lipids was performed with mass spectrometry. The VAL and SAC/VAL groups had significantly higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), in particular LPC 18:1 and LPC 16:0.ConclusionsPretreatment with sacubitril/valsartan but not with valsartan reduces mortality and attenuates isoprenaline‐induced apical akinesia in the TTS‐like model in rats. Sacubitril/valsartan could be a potential treatment option in patients with TTS in humans.
Clustering of Electron Deficient B‐ and Be‐Containing Analogues: In the Fight for Tetracoordination, Beryllium Takes the Lead
Authors: Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Alkorta Ibon , Mó Otilia , Elguero José , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite being neighbors in the periodic table and highly electron‐deficient elements, beryllium and boron can lead to complexes with distinctive peculiarities. CCSD(T) calculations using 6‐31+G(d,p) and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets on B3LYP optimized geometries with the same basis set expansions have been carried out to characterize the structures, bonding and stability of (BeX2)m : (BX3)n(n=0,1,2; m=0,1,2; X=F, Cl, CN, NC, CCH) complexes. The differences between Be and B are already manifested in their dimerization patterns, since (BeX2)2homodimers are very stable, BeX2 : BX3heterodimers are systematically less stable than Be‐homodimers, and (BX3)2homodimers are in almost all cases not prone to form. This trend is a reflection of the strongly electropositive nature of Be compared with B. Larger clusters exhibit the same behavior, as no stable BeX2(BX3)2trimers can be found with two BX3monomers being neighbors. Conversely, all (BeX2)2(BX3) trimers present, as a global minimum, a structure in which the two BeX2monomers are bonded, whereas for the (BeX2)2(BX3)2tetramers the (BeX2)2subunit is at the center of the cluster. The relevance of this binding pattern in the global stability is supported by an excellent correlation between the stabilization energies and the number of Be−Be and Be−B interactions the clusters present, with a clear preference for maximizing facing Be subunits. One obvious consequence is that the stability of the complexes increases dramatically with their size in a fashion that can be easily predicted.
A review on phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, drug interactions, and associated toxicities of licorice (Glycyrrhizasp.)
Authors: Husain Islam , Bala Kiran , Khan Ikhlas A. , Khan Shabana I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the beginning, human beings have consistently been using plants and their components for the prevention and treatment of various ailments. However, in the last few decades, plant‐based medicines and health supplements are gaining more acceptability and rapid popularity. Licorice (Glycyrrhizasp.) is a terrestrial herb belonging to the family Fabaceae and primarily cultivated in European, Middle Eastern, and South Asian countries. Ethnomedicinal uses of licorice have frequently been described in the world's renowned medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, African, and European traditional medical systems. To date, 30 species of licorice are known, and among them,G.glabra,G.inflata, andG.uralensisare significantly explored for nutritional and pharmacological benefits. The wide range of commercially available products, including herbal preparations, health supplements, cosmetics, and food and feeds preparations use licorice as active ingredient. Glabridin, licochalcone A, glycyrrhizin, and 18‐glycyrrhetinic acid are the notable phytochemicals isolated from licorice and immensely explored for biological and pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, the excessive intake of licorice has also been associated with a wide spectrum of adverse effects on human health. Among them, several are reported to be mediated by modulation of drug‐metabolizing cytochrome P‐450 enzymes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive description of the current knowledge of licorice, including historical development, phytoconstituents, species‐specific marker metabolites, herb–drug interaction, pharmacological uses, food additive application, and toxicities. We believe this review will provide excellent information to physicians, researchers, and personnel of different scientific regulatory bodies.
Bacterial and fungal communities of traditional fermented Chinese soybean paste (Doujiang) and their properties
Authors: Ren Fei , Yan Dong‐Hui , Liu Yuchun , Wang Chao , Guo Chao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoybean paste (Doujiang) is one of the traditional fermented foods from China, fermented by various microorganisms. However, the microflora of Doujiang keeps little known. In this study, the microbial communities of seven kinds of representative Doujiang samples were investigated by both culture‐independent and culture‐dependent methods. We found that core OTUs among seven Doujiang samples were mainly from Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Candida, and Aspergillus according to Illumina sequencing. Every type of Doujiang sample harbored a different composition of microbial community. Doujiang LSJ and LBJ had the highest bacterial and fungal richness and diversity, respectively. The structure of microbial community was remarkably correlated with Doujiang properties—pH, and the content of total protein, soluble protein, amino acid, and total sugar (p < .05). Bacillus spp. were most frequently isolated bacterial species. Fungi of Monascus, Candida, and Aspergillus were also isolated. Eleven microbial strains showed high protease activities to degrade corn proteins, which can form obvious transparent hydrolytic circles in corn gluten meal medium plates. Therefore, microbial communities were supposed to tightly connect to Doujiang type and properties. It is possible to apply potential protein‐degrading microbial strains to corn byproducts for protein production in the future study.
Optimal interpolation of global dissolved oxygen: 1965–2015
Authors: Ito Takamitsu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxygen inventory of the global ocean has declined in recent decades potentially due to the warming‐induced reduction in solubility as well as the circulation and biogeochemical changes associated with ocean warming and increasing stratification. Earth System Models predict continued oxygen decline for this century with profound impacts on marine ecosystem and fisheries. Observational constraint on the rate of oxygen loss is crucial for assessing the ability of models to accurately simulate these changes. There are only a few observational assessments of the global oceanic oxygen inventory reporting a range of oxygen loss. This study develops a gridded data set of dissolved oxygen for the global oceans using optimal interpolation method. The resulting gridded product includes full‐depth map of dissolved oxygen as 5‐year moving average from 1965 to 2015 with uncertainty estimates. The uncertainty can come from unresolved small‐scale and high‐frequency variability and mapping errors. The multi‐decadal trend of global dissolved oxygen is in the range of −281 to −373 Tmol/decade. This estimate is more conservative than previous works. In this study, the grid points far from the observations are essentially set equal to zero anomaly from the climatology. Calculating global inventory with this approach produces a relatively conservative estimate; thus, the results from this study likely provide a useful lower bound estimate of the global oxygen loss.
Money and my mind: Maternal cash transfers and mental health
Authors: Okeke Edward N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper documents important mental health spillovers in the context of a program that offered pregnant women modest cash incentives to use pre‐ and perinatal health care services. Program participation was randomized and the payments were made after the birth of the child (and after the completion of an endline mental health assessment). I present causal evidence that the program led to improvements in mothers' mental health. The effect size ranges from a 1–3 percentage point reduction in postpartum depression measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. I present suggestive evidence that these beneficial effects on mental health may be related to program‐induced improvements in child health. These results provide novel evidence that programs designed to improve birth outcomes may generate unanticipated spillover effects on mental health.
Unlearning in the workplace: Antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Kim Eun Jee , Park Sunyoung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the fast‐changing world of business, organizations including individuals and groups/teams need to unlearn old knowledge and learn new knowledge and routines to stay competitive. The purpose of this study is to review the current studies on unlearning in organizations and to integrate the findings to provide insights on how to better manage and facilitate the process of unlearning. We reviewed 37 empirical and related studies to reveal the current research perspectives on unlearning in the workplace. We also identified 30 antecedents promoting unlearning and 44 outcomes of unlearning at the individual, group, and organizational levels. These antecedents and outcomes related to learning, knowledge, and innovation are key HRD research topics. Discussion, implications, and recommendations for future research are presented.
Irreversibility analysis of radiative heat transport of Williamson material over a lubricated surface with viscous heating and internal heat source
Authors: Srinivas Reddy C. , Ali Farhan , Mahanthesh B. , Naikoti Kishan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current research explores the importance of surface lubrication and convective boundary conditions in the flow of non‐Newtonian Williamson material. Rosseland radiative heat flux and viscous heating are also considered. The phenomenon of the generation or absorption of internal heat is studied. The conservation laws of momentum, mass, and energy are used to model the problem with suitable boundary conditions. With the help of appropriate transformations and the finite difference method, highly nonlinear equations of governance are solved. The influence of key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, entropy production, temperature profiles are analyzed by parametric analysis. It was found that the entropy generation rate improves due to the presence of the Rosseland radiative heat flux and the convective boundary on the lubricated surface. The sliding condition on the lubricated surface has lengthened the structure of the velocity boundary layer, while this trend is opposite to the thermal field. The dissipation due to the viscous forces of the Williamson material improves the production of entropy.
A numerical study of space‐fractional three‐phase‐lag bioheat transfer model during thermal therapy
Authors: Kumari Tejaswini , Singh S. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrediction of accurate temperature profile and control of temperature are two important factors to treat the cancerous cells effectively in the living tissue during thermal therapy. To deal with this, we have generated a space‐fractional mathematical model of bioheat transfer within the living skin tissue by using three‐phase‐lag constitutive relation. The present model with Dirichlet's boundary condition is investigated in the companionship of the metabolic and external heat source during the thermal therapy. Exponentially decaying (with position) laser heat source is used as an external heating source term. To find out the solution, the model is converted to an initial value problem by using a fractional backward finite difference scheme and then Runge–Kutta (4,5) scheme is applied for determining the temperature profile within the living biological skin tissue. The effect on the dimensionless temperature profile during thermal therapy due to variations in the value of parameters like an order of space‐fractional derivative, relaxation times, blood perfusion coefficient, rate of thermal conductivity, and the external laser heat source incorporated in the current bioheat transfer model is discussed graphically. Results obtained from the study are beneficial in the field of medicine, especially for oncologists.