bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of membrane electrode assembly’s pressing on PEM fuel cell’s performance
Authors: Perdomo Federico , Abboud Matilde , Teliz Erika , Zinola Fernando , Díaz Verónica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The performance of a fuel cell depends on multiple factors, one of the most important being the preparation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In the present work, MEAs constituted by gas diffuser electrodes (GDE) were pressed with carbon supported platinum catalysts. As solid electrolyte, a commercial polymeric membrane from Nafion was used, which was pressed at two GDE with loads of 5 and 1.5 mg/cm2 of catalyst at different temperatures and pressures for a fixed period of time. The assembly was characterized electrochemically using linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at three different potentials. Also, the behavior when reversing the supply of hydrogen and oxygen to the GDE was studied. The results of the study showed a great dependence of the charge transfer resistance with the temperature, being secondary the dependence with the pressure in the range of temperature and pressure analyzed. Likewise, changes were observed in the open circuit potential after varying the temperature, pressure and catalyst load, hence affecting its maximum power and efficiency at that point.
In Situ Visualization for Control of Nano-Fibrillation Based on Spunbond Processing Using a Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate System
Authors: Md. Shahin A. N. , Shaayegan V. , Lee P. C. , Park C. B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In situ generation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofibrils in polypropylene (PP) microfibers via fiber spinning in a spunbond process was studied in this work. The effects of polymer flow rate and air speed in the drafter on the formation of PET fibrils were investigated using a pilot scale machine. An in-situ visualization technique was applied to examine the fiber evolution events and stretch profile at die exit. A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze and investigate the morphology of the dispersed domain. The PET dispersed phase was fibrillated within the PP matrix such that a nonofibrillated composite containing fibrils with an average size around 100 nm was obtained. It was found that the final fibril size directly depends on the degree of die swell, the air speed and the polymer flow rate. It was also found that the in situ observed size of the micro-scale PP/PET fibers was well correlated to the size of the nano-scale PET fibers formed in the PP matrix. The visualization results revealed that a smaller fibril diameter was obtainable by increasing the stretching on the spin line and/or decreasing the die swell.
Magnetic plasmons induced in a dielectric-metal heterostructure by optical magnetism
Authors: Li Shulei , Zhou Lidan , Panmai Mingcheng , Xiang Jin , Lan Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate numerically and experimentally the optical properties of the transverse electric (TE) waves supported by a dielectric-metal heterostructure. They are considered as the counterparts of the surface plasmon polaritons (i.e., the transverse magnetic (TM) waves) which have been extensively studied in the last several decades. We show that TE waves with resonant wavelengths in the visible light spectrum can be excited in a dielectric-metal heterostructure when the optical thickness of the dielectric layer exceeds a critical value. We reveal that the electric and magnetic field distributions for the TE waves are spatially separated, leading to higher quality factors or narrow linewidths as compared with the TM waves. We calculate the thickness, refractive index and incidence angle dispersion relations for the TE waves supported by a dielectric-metal heterostructure. In experiments, we observe optical resonances with linewidths as narrow as ∼10 nm in the reflection or scattering spectra of the TE waves excited in a Si3N4/Ag heterostructure. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of the lowest-order TE wave excited in a Si3N4/Ag heterostructure in optical display with good chromaticity and optical sensing with high sensitivity.
Photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of liposomes to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier: new perspectives for glioma therapy
Authors: Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Fedosov Ivan , Shirokov Alexander , Vodovozova Elena , Alekseeva Anna , Khorovodov Alexandr , Blokhina Inna , Terskov Andrey , Mamedova Aysel , Klimova Maria , Dubrovsky Alexander , Ageev Vasily , Agranovich Ilana , Vinnik Valeria , Tsven Anna , Sokolovski Sergey , Rafailov Edik , Penzel Thomas , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a significant contribution to the protection of the central nervous system (CNS). However, it also limits the brain drug delivery and thereby complicates the treatment of CNS diseases. The development of safe methods for an effective delivery of medications and nanocarriers to the brain can be a revolutionary step in the overcoming this limitation. Here, we report the unique properties of the lymphatic system to deliver tracers and liposomes to the brain meninges, brain tissues, and glioma in rats. Using a quantum-dot-based 1267 nm laser (for photosensitizer-free generation of singlet oxygen), we clearly demonstrate photostimulation of lymphatic delivery of liposomes to glioma as well as lymphatic clearance of liposomes from the brain. These pilot findings open promising perspectives for photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of drugs and nanocarriers to the brain pathology bypassing the BBB. The lymphatic “smart” delivery of liposomes with antitumor drugs in the new brain tumor branches might be a breakthrough strategy for the therapy of gliomas.
Reference materials for phase equilibrium studies. 1. Liquid–liquid equilibria (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Bazyleva Ala , Acree William E. , Chirico Robert D. , Diky Vladimir , Hefter Glenn T. , Jacquemin Johan , Magee Joseph W. , O’Connell John P. , Olson James D. , Polishuk Ilya , Schmidt Kurt A. G. , Shaw John M. , Trusler J. P. Martin , Weir Ronald D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article is the first of three projected IUPAC Technical Reports resulting from IUPAC Project 2011-037-2-100 (Reference Materials for Phase Equilibrium Studies). The goal of this project is to select reference systems with critically evaluated property values for the validation of instruments and techniques used in phase equilibrium studies of mixtures. This report proposes seven systems for liquid–liquid equilibrium studies, covering the four most common categories of binary mixtures: aqueous systems of moderate solubility, non-aqueous systems, systems with low solubility, and systems with ionic liquids. For each system, the available literature sources, accepted data, smoothing equations, and estimated uncertainties are given.
A Story of Surveillance? Past, Present, Prediction
Authors: Obelitz Søe Sille 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I will explore the interrelations and differences between the human and digital technology through the lens of surveillance and prediction modeling: the building of profiles. I will provide some philosophical considerations on surveillance and surveillance practices especially in light of datafication and digitalization – including some epistemological considerations with regard to the underlying assumptions in algorithmic construction of profiles and human identities. The starting point is accidental encounters with the same person in the streets of Copenhagen.
Plädoyer für einen (berufs-) alltagstauglichen Begriff von Spiritualität
Authors: Weiher Erhard 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Blick auf die deutschsprachige Diskussion um Spiritual Care zeigt:Die Konzepte sind noch rar, die Grundlagen und Methoden spiritueller Kommunikation im Berufsalltag darstellen und entfalten. Dabei betonen so gut wie alle Stellungnahmen der Gesundheitsfachberufe die Wichtigkeit der Spiritualität in ihrer Arbeit.Der folgende Beitrag lenkt den Blick von der Metaebene der Diskussion um Spiritualität auf die Mikroebene der konkreten Situationen, die die Angehörigen der versorgenden Berufe in Krankenhaus, Altenheim und Palliative Care antreffen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Begriff von Spiritualität vorgestellt, der nicht nur der Hochform dieser Dimension, sondern auch der im Berufsalltag viel öfter indirekt begegnenden Form Rechnung trägt. Zudem findet man in der Literatur die konkrete Ausgestaltung von Spiritual Care oft nur umrisshaft und rudimentär dargestellt. Es braucht daher sowohl Verstehens- wie Anwendungskonzepte, die für die alltägliche Begegnungspraxis der Gesundheitsfachberufe hilfreich sind. Insofern versteht sich der hier vorgelegte Begriff von Spiritualität und der damit verbundene Ansatz der „symbolischen Kommunikation“ als Beitrag zum aktuellen Spiritual-Care-Diskurs.
„Jeśli chcesz być doskonały…” - tożsamość współczesnego pustelnika
Authors: Bujalska Katarzyna Jolanta 
Published: July 2021

Życie pustelnicze jest ogromnym darem dla Kościoła. Obecnie można zauważyć zwiększone zainteresowanie tą indywidualną formą życia konsekrowanego. Kobiety i mężczyźni udają się na współczesne pustynie, aby trwać w Bożej obecności i złączyć swoje życie z Ukrzyżowanym Chrystusem. Ich tożsamość na nowo została wytyczona po Soborze Watykańskim II w kan. 603 Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego. Zwraca on uwagę na teologiczne (odsunięcie od świata, milczenie odosobnienia, gorliwa modlitwa, pokuta) i prawne (indywidualna forma życia, publiczna profesja trzech rad ewangelicznych oraz życie zgodne z statutem osobowym) elementy tożsamości pustelniczej.
Modlitwa szkołą nadziei w życiu osób konsekrowanych według Benedykta XVI
Authors: Pagacz Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienie modlitwy osób konsekrowanych na podstawie nauczania Benedykta XVI. Według papieża, modlitwa – która stanowi o istocie życia osób całkowicie poświęconych Bogu – jest pierwszym ważnym miejscem uczenia się nadziei opartej na Bogu i Jego obietnicach. Osoby konsekrowane pełnią posługę nadziei, ponieważ więź z Chrystusem i życie duchowe są dla nich czymś fundamentalnym. Poprzez swoje życie oddane modlitwie i kontemplacji rzeczy Bożych wskazują, gdzie odnawia się i oczyszcza wiara oraz ufność. Modlitwa osób konsekrowanych wyraża ofiarę składaną przez nich Bogu; jako znak nadziei ma niezastąpione znaczenie we współczesnym świecie.
Sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with heart failure: classification, epidemiology and pathophysiology. Part I
Authors: Krupichka K. S. , Agaltsov M. V. , Myasnikov R. P. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: July 2021

The problem of heart failure (HF) is one of the central problems in modern cardiology due to its high prevalence among the population and high mortality. In turn, sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) are widespread in patients with HF and are associated with both the progression of the underlying disease and a decrease in the quality of life. For the first time, periodic breathing, as one of the types of sleep breathing disorders, was described in patients with HF.Further study of the issue showed a high prevalence of other types of SRBD among patients with HF The article discusses the physiology of sleep breathing monitoring in a healthy person and the pathophysiology of SRBD. The pathogenesis of central sleep apnea and its relationship with HF are discussed in detail. In addition, the mechanisms of the adverse effect of obstructive sleep apnea and HF are highlighted.
Giving Voice to the Voiceless: Probing Current Issues for Student Teachers in EFL Teacher Education Program in Iran
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Fakhri Alamdari Ebrahim , Ahmadian Mehrshad 
Published: July 2021

The present study attempted to give insight into the features of an effective English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education program by exploring student teachers’ beliefs, ideas, and the challenges they encounter during their teacher education program. The data were collected through several semi-structured focus group interview sessions with a total number of forty-one BA, MA, and PhD students studying teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) at university. The qualitative grounded theory design was used to analyze the data, and the findings of the study were corroborated with interpretations obtained from the informal observation of several university classes in a TEFL teacher education program in Iran. The inductive analysis of the data resulted in developing the following categories: the challenge of developing the ability to move back and forth from theory to practice, the struggle to establish a professional identity, the quest for the ‘self’, less-practiced reflective practice, and the missing connection between teacher education programs and schools. The discussion concerning the challenges and issues culminated in implications for EFL teacher education programs through which they can take the issues that student teachers normally experience into account and help them pave the way for an effective EFL teacher education program.
Repair Practice in the Classroom Conversations of Indonesian EFL Students
Authors: Aleksius Madar 
Published: July 2021

This study examines repair practice by English as a Foreign Language ( EFL) college students to address the understanding problems that may cause communication breakdowns in classroom conversations. Conversational data were elicited from 40 second-semester students performing jigsaw and information gap communicative tasks. Using the conversation analysis theory and methodological approach, the recorded and transcribed conversations were analyzed to scrutinize the frequency and types of repair strategies, trouble sources, and repair outcomes. The findings show that to address the understanding problem, the EFL college students employed 11 other-initiated repair strategies: Open-class or unspecified strategies; WH-interrogatives; Partial repeat plus WH- interrogatives; Repetition or partial repetition; Candidate understanding; Correction; Request for repetition; Non-verbal; Asking for definition, explanation, translation, example, or spelling; Explicit display of non-understanding; and Request to speak up. These other-initiated repair strategies were triggered by the presence of lexical, semantic content-related, and sequential/speech delivery trouble sources. Attempts to resolve the understanding problem were conducted by a set of repair outcomes, including Repetition, Acknowledgment, Repetition or acknowledgment plus expansion, explanation, and/or translation, and Repetition or acknowledgment plus translation. The study provides language educators with new insights on how EFL learners deal with understanding problems in communication so that they could respond appropriately to the repair practice initiated by the students.
Effect of the drying method and texture improvers on reconstitution behavior of yogurt powder: physical and microbiological properties
Authors: Monsalve-Atencio Robinson , Sanchez Karolay , Chica Juan , Camaño Jairo , Saldarriaga Johana , Quintero-Quiroz Julian 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the most used and effective preservation strategies in foods is drying. However, there are problems with the rheological properties, color, and viability of lactic acid bacteria in the yogurt once reconstituted when applying such conservation strategies. OBJECTIVES: Determine the concentration of the type of texture improver and drying that minimizes the negative effect on the rheological, color, and microbiological properties of a reconstituted yogurt powder. METHODS: Intended to determine the texture improver which increases rheological properties of reconstituted yogurt powder, a mixture type experimental design was applied where three texture improvers were assessed; carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (mass fraction 0 - 1), pectin (mass fraction 0 - 1), and xanthan gum (mass fraction 0 - 1). The rheological parameters; consistency index (K), flow behavior (n), viscosity at 100s-1 (η), the storage (G') and loss (G'') modules, and the phase shift angle (δ) of each of the reconstitutions were considered as design-dependent variables. Secondly, a central composite design (face-centered) was used for assessing the effectiveness of the drying (convection, spray-drying, and freeze-drying), the concentration of the texture improver (0.0 - 1.0%), and the yogurt powder concentration (8.0 - 15.0%). The above-mentioned rheological parameters, color, and viability of the lactic acid bacteria from each reconstituted yogurt powder were considered as the dependent variables. Optimization sought to match the parameters of reconstituted yogurt powder that approximated the conditions of fresh yogurt. RESULTS: The independent variables in their lineal expression and some interactions between them had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). At a concentration of 10.59% with 0.03% xanthan gum, the reconstitution of freeze-dried yogurt powder was the optimized condition (p < 0.05) and obtained the rheological, color, and microbiological parameters closest to fresh yogurt. CONCLUSIONS: The drying of the yogurt by freeze-drying mixed with xanthan gum as a texture improver allowed to obtain a reconstituted yogurt with properties close to the fresh product for direct consumption.
Digital Terrain Model Derivatives Analysis with the Aim of Identifying Specific Soil Types in Young Post-Glacial Topography with a Vector Approach
Authors: Radło-Kulisiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

<p>This article discusses a study conducted in order to analyse selected Digital Terrain Model (DTM) derivates in diverse young post-glacial topographic profiles with the aim of identifying terrain features that could be related to the soils that formed there. The area under investigation is within the reach of the youngest Vistulian Glaciation, in the north-east of Poland. The main goal of the study was to reveal indirect relationships between a lithological soil type and terrain forms, which transpire from DTM derivatives. This can directly help to assign the type of soil in the area to one of the three soil types: a) made of sand, b) made of loam, c) wet-soils. <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">The starting point for<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> the research undertaken was the landscape approach to soil modelling and the article deals with<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> medium scales. </span></span></span>Derivatives were analysed using vector data notation, focusing on selected derivative values and their spatial location in relation to one another. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using this approach as an auxiliary approach in soil mapping of areas for which the quality of source materials (such as precipitation geometry) is low. Thus, they can be of assistance in improving the existing soil maps of selected scales. The trend revealed in the obtained results of DTM analysis can be considered as a contribution to realisation of assumptions of a study in digital soil mapping with the use of selected methods of AI.</p>
Od „katolickich czerwonych sztandarów” do Chrześcijańskiego Stowarzyszenia Społecznego. Ewolucja pojmowania społeczno-politycznych zadań katolicyzmu w refleksji politycznej Jana Frankowskiego (1912–1976)
Authors: Orzełek Ariel 
Published: July 2021

<p>Jednym z najistotniejszych komponentów myśli politycznej polskiego działacza katolickiego Jana Frankowskiego była jego refleksja nad kwestią stosunku katolicyzmu do społecznych i ekonomicznych problemów współczesności. Dodać należy, że refleksja ta była zmienna i zależna od politycznych uwarunkowań. W okresie międzywojennym Frankowski, związany z ruchem „młodokonserwatystów” wzywał do odnowy Kościoła i zwiększania w nim roli świeckich, którzy powinni zastąpić w wielu sprawach gnuśny kler, szukając nowych dróg katolicyzmu w dobie ateistycznych totalitaryzmów. Nie mogły temu służyć slogany korporacjonizmu i solidaryzmu, ale kreatywna interpretacja encyklik papieskich w duchu „trzeciej drogi” i personalizmu. Frankowski był wówczas przede wszystkim „anty” niż „pro”, starając się przygotować grunt nowym ideom.</p><p> Podczas II wojny światowej współpracował z katolicką organizacją „Unia”, ale w 1944 r. zaczął współdziałać z komunistami. Chociaż zdystansowany od wielu koncepcji grupy „Dziś i Jutro” oraz Stowarzyszenia „PAX”, zaangażował się w nie, szukając możliwości realizacji hasła „trzeciej drogi”. W 1956 r. opuścił ruch Bolesława Piaseckiego. Sprzeciwił się jednak koncepcji bezpartyjnej lewicy demokratycznej co doprowadziło do podziału w grupie tygodnika „Za i Przeciw” i powołania Chrześcijańskiego Stowarzyszenia Społecznego. Było ono w zasadzie jałową ideowo grupą, stojącą na gruncie współpracy z władzami i troski o elementarne prawa Kościoła w Polsce.</p><p> Frankowski przegrał jako twórca i rzecznik wielkich koncepcji, ale także jako polityk o ograniczonych ambicjach. W 1968 r. utracił stanowisko prezesa Chrześcijańskiego Stowarzyszenia Społecznego. Zmarł osiem lat później w niemal całkowitym zapomnieniu. Było to spowodowane także jego rezygnacją ze śmiałej refleksji ideologicznej.</p>
FACTORES QUE EXPLICAN EL DESEMPEÑO COMPETITIVO DE LAS MICROCOOPERATIVAS DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO
Authors: SÁNCHEZ TORRES LUCÍA , SAAVEDRA GARCÍA MARÍA LUISA , CHOY ZEVALLOS ELSA 
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cuáles son los factores de desempeño competitivo de las microcooperativas de producción de la Ciudad de México. Con base en la revisión de la literatura se construyó un cuestionario para identificar los factores de desempeño competitivo en cooperativas exitosas. Se aplicó el método de caso múltiple con la finalidad de hacer un estudio en profundidad. Los principales hallazgos permiten determinar que los factores sobresalientes de desempeño competitivo en las microcooperativas de producción son: la calidad, el capital intelectual, clientes satisfechos, la tecnología, competitividad en precios y cercanía con su red de trabajo.
GLOBALISASI DAN DAKWAH ISLAM KONTEMPORER
Authors: HT Hidayat 
Published: July 2021

Globalization is recognized as consciously carrying two sides of values ​​for human life, namely good values ​​and bad values. These two sides of value penetrate into all aspects of the order of life. Consequently, globalization raises many problems that plague the inhabitants of planet earth today. Among the impacts of globalization are the emergence of contemporary issues related to religion as well as challenges for Islamic da'wah, such as: religious pluralism, liberal Islam (religious liberalism), radicalism-terrorism and so on. Islam and its people who are in a global vortex and are related to several contemporary issues should come to the surface with contemporary Islamic ideas or thoughts to answer the challenge of da'wah while positioning Islam as a universal religion. Contemporary Islamic thought is thought that is able to bridge between the two poles, namely between tradition and modernity (al-turats wa al-hadatsah), so that it raises new awareness in giving birth to ideas that can respond to contemporary problems. Preaching contemporary Islamic thought like this is essentially continuing the missionary task that Allah and His Messenger ordered.

Keywords: Globalization, Da'wah, Contemporary Islam