bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of transforming growth factor‐β1 in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Twaroski Kirk , Chen Weili , Pickett‐Leonard Michael , Tolar Jakub 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) develops in more than 80% of individuals with the skin blistering disorder recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). In contrast with UV‐induced SCC, RDEB‐SCC results from skin damage and has a high proliferative and metastatic rate with 5‐year survival near zero. Our objective is to determine the mechanisms underlying the increased metastatic tendencies of RDEB‐SCC. RDEB‐SCC cultured cell lines were treated with RDEB and non‐RDEB fibroblast conditioned media and assayed for migration and invasion with and without small molecule inhibitors for TGFβ and other downstream signal transduction pathways. TGFβ1 secreted by RDEB dermal fibroblasts has been found to induce migration and invasion and to increase expression of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers in an RDEB‐SCC line. These effects were reversed upon inhibition of TGFβ signalling and its downstream pathways MEK/ERK, P38 kinase and SMAD3. A number of small molecule inhibitors for these pathways are in different phases of various clinical trials and may be applicable to RDEB‐SCC patients. Studying the mechanisms of the extreme form RDEB‐SCC may inform studies of other types of SCC, as well as lead to better therapies for RDEB patients.
Histological categorisation of the desmoplastic reaction is a predictor of patient prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sakai Akihiro , Nakashima Yuichiro , Miyashita Yu , Ao Tadakazu , Kimura Yasue , Shinto Eiji , Oki Eiji , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Ueno Hideki , Oda Yoshinao , Mori Masaki 
Published: February 2021

AimsHistological categorisation of the desmoplastic reaction (DR) is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. However, it is unknown whether DR categorisation is predictive of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of DR categorisation in OSCC patients.Methods and resultsData were collected from 118 patients with OSCC who underwent a curative oesophagectomy with T2 or deeper wall invasion. The DR in each tumour was classified as mature, intermediate or immature based on the presence or absence of keloid‐like collagen and myxoid stroma. We identified 49 mature DR tumours, 41 intermediate DR tumours and 28 immature DR tumours. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was highest in the mature DR group (42.8%), followed by the intermediate DR group (25.0%) and the immature DR group (19.9%) (P = 0.022, log‐rank test; P = 0.006, log‐rank trend test). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rate was also highest in the mature DR group (48.5%), followed by the intermediate DR group (30.8%) and the immature DR group (26.8%) (P = 0.031, log‐rank test; P = 0.010, log‐rank trend test, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that an immature DR was an independent poor prognostic factor of OS and DSS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004).ConclusionsDR categorisation of OSCC stroma following oesophagectomy is a useful diagnostic tool and an independent prognostic marker.
Diel vertical movements and feeding behaviour of blue humphead parrotfish Scarus ovifrons in a temperate reef of Japan
Authors: Gomi Kazuma , Nakamura Yohei , Kanda Masaru , Honda Kentaro , Nakaoka Masahiro , Honma Chiho , Adachi Masao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe feeding ecology of scarinine parrotfishes on tropical coral reefs has received considerable attention in the past few decades; nonetheless, relatively few studies have been conducted in high‐latitude reefs. Among the Indo‐Pacific Scarus species, Scarus ovifrons is unique, being largely restricted to the warm temperate waters of Japan. Nonetheless, there is very little information available on the feeding ecology of this species. In this study, the authors used acoustic telemetry to detect the diel vertical movement patterns of S. ovifrons, video survey to detect its feeding depths and substrata and focal follow survey and genetic analysis to identify algae composition on the feeding scars at Kashiwajima Island, southwestern Japan (32° 46′ N, 132° 38′ E). Acoustic telemetry revealed that S. ovifrons spent most of its time in shallow water (<10 m) during the day and slept in deeper water (10–15 m) at night. Video and focal follow surveys revealed that most fishes of various sizes regularly took bites on epilithic algae and detrital materials on rocky substrata at depths of <10 m, but large fishes (>40 cm total length) sometimes took bites directly on live corals (Acropora solitaryensis) at the 5 m depth zone where live tabular corals dominated the benthos. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that epilithic algae collected from feeding scars were mainly composed of Rhodophyta, and coralline algae were less often targeted. Overall, this study revealed that S. ovifrons feeds mostly at depths <10 m, and the feeding algae substrata of the species are similar to those of tropical coral reef parrotfishes.
Risk factors of vaginal cuff infection in women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases
Authors: Tsuzuki Yoko , Hirata Takumi , Tsuzuki Shinya , Wada Shinichiro , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for vaginal cuff infection after laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among 1559 Japanese women who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign indications between 2014 and 2018 at Teine Keijinkai Hospital in Sapporo, Japan. All patients received preoperative antibiotics based on appropriate timing, choice, and weight‐based dosing. We assessed the risk factors of vaginal cuff infection after TLH, including demographic and clinical variables, and patient‐ and surgery‐related factors, using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong all the patients who underwent TLH, 71 cases of vaginal cuff infections (4.6%) were recorded. Univariate analyses showed that current smoking, pathological result of adenomyosis, use of Seprafilm as an antiadhesive material, white blood cell counts on postoperative day (POD) 2, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level on POD2 and postoperative vaginal cuff hematoma were significantly associated with an increased risk of vaginal cuff infection. In multivariate analysis, current smoking, use of seprafilm, CRP level on POD2 and vaginal cuff hematoma were significantly associated with an increased risk of vaginal cuff infection.ConclusionCurrent smoking, use of seprafilm, CRP level on POD2 and vaginal cuff hematoma were identified as significant risk factors of vaginal cuff infection in the 30 days after surgery in Japanese women who underwent TLH for benign indications.
Circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium layer around placental attachment site for refractory postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Shi Xueqin , Wu Han , Liu Changyue , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of circular suture at placental attachment site for refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which could block blood supply of the serosa and myometrium layer.MethodsEighty cases of refractory PPH were enrolled and retrospective analyzed in this study for further analysis from a consecutive single center database between 2010 and 2018. After undergoing circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium layer around placental attachment site, surgical and perioperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAmong all the patients enrolled, 28 cases (35.0%) of refractory PPH were mainly caused by uterine inertia, 36 cases (45.0%) caused by ectopic placenta, and 2 cases (2.5%) caused by coagulation disorders. After circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium layer at placental attachment site, all the uterine active bleeding was controlled below 40 ml without recurrence. The perioperative results were similar between the vaginal and cesarean sections groups.ConclusionsCircular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium at the placental attachment site could control refractory PPH with few postoperative complications. Circular suture around placenta site could be applied in time to protect the endometrium even in primary hospital.
Corporate Governance Research in the Wake of a Systemic Crisis: Lessons and Opportunities from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Zattoni Alessandro , Pugliese Amedeo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to advance research on how various corporate governance mechanisms shape firms’ decision‐making, survival and success. In the short term, corporate governance research could pinpoint which mechanisms in place before the pandemic (e.g., ownership structure, board attributes, executive compensation) will shape corporate responses, thus affecting firms’ survival in the post‐pandemic period. In the long term, the crisis will trigger structural changes in governance mechanisms to enable firms to either prevent or respond to the occurrences of potentially similar events. In the reminder of this essay, we will first discuss the peculiar nature of the recent crisis in relation to other recent crises. Then, we will analyse the impact of Covid‐19 on five key areas in the field of corporate governance (i.e., corporate purpose, ownership structure, board of directors, executive compensation and accountability) and, for each of them, we will suggest a series of research questions that contribute to redirecting and advancing the domain.
Origin of the degassing pipes at the Ries impact structure and implications for impact‐induced alteration on Mars and other planetary bodies
Authors: Caudill Christy , Osinski Gordon R. , Greenberger Rebecca N. , Tornabene Livio L. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Flemming Roberta L. , Ehlmann Bethany L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact melt‐bearing breccias at the Ries impact structure, Germany, host degassing pipes: vertical structures that are inferred to represent conduits along which gases and fluids escaped to the surface, consistent with hydrothermal activity that occurs soon after an impact event. Although the presence of degassing pipes has been recognized within the well‐preserved and long‐studied ejecta deposits at the Ries, a detailed mineralogical study of their alteration mineralogy, as an avenue to elucidate their origins, has not been conducted to date. Through the application of high‐resolution in situ reflectance imaging spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, this study shows for the first time that the degassing pipe interiors and associated alteration are comprised of hydrated and hydroxylated silicates (i.e., Fe/Mg smectitic clay minerals with chloritic or other hydroxy‐interlayered material) as secondary hydrothermal mineral phases. This study spatially extends the known effects of impact hydrothermal activity into the ejecta deposits, beyond the crater rim. It has been suggested that the degassing pipes at the Ries are analogous to crater‐related pit clusters observed in impact melt‐bearing deposits on Mars, Ceres, and Vesta. The results of this work may inform on the presence of crustal volatiles and their interaction during the impact process on rocky bodies throughout the solar system. The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover may have the opportunity to investigate impact‐related features in situ; if so, this work suggests that such investigations may provide key information on the origin and formation of clay minerals on Mars as well as hold exciting implications for future Mars exploration.
Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms
Authors: Kaack Lucian , Weber Matthias , Isasa Emilie , Karimi Zohreh , Li Shan , Pereira Luciano , Trabi Christophe L. , Zhang Ya , Schenk H. Jochen , Schuldt Bernhard , Schmidt Volker , Jansen Steven 
Published: February 2021

SummaryEmbolism spreading in angiosperm xylem occurs via mesoporous pit membranes between vessels. Here, we investigate how the size of pore constrictions in pit membranes is related to pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance.Pit membranes were modelled as multiple layers to investigate how pit membrane thickness and the number of intervessel pits per vessel determine pore constriction sizes, the probability of encountering large pores, and embolism resistance. These estimations were complemented by measurements of pit membrane thickness, embolism resistance, and number of intervessel pits per vessel in stem xylem (n = 31, 31 and 20 species, respectively).The modelled constriction sizes in pit membranes decreased with increasing membrane thickness, explaining the measured relationship between pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance. The number of pits per vessel affected constriction size and embolism resistance much less than pit membrane thickness. Moreover, a strong relationship between modelled and measured embolism resistance was observed.Pore constrictions provide a mechanistic explanation for why pit membrane thickness determines embolism resistance, which suggests that hydraulic safety can be uncoupled from hydraulic efficiency. Although embolism spreading remains puzzling and encompasses more than pore constriction sizes, angiosperms are unlikely to have leaky pit membranes, which enables tensile transport of water.
Determination of prognostic factors for orthognathic surgery in children with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Lim Jaeyeon , Tanikawa Chihiro , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prognostic factors for orthognathic surgery (OGS) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) using artificial intelligence (AI) systems.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAn orthodontic department at a university dental hospital.ParticipantsThis study included 126 patients with bilateral and unilateral CL/P for whom lateral cephalograms were obtained at three time points: 7 (T1), 10 (T2) and 15 (T3) years of age.Main outcome measuresCleft type, severity of lip separation at birth, number of missing teeth, sex, palatal repair methods and surgeons, cephalometric variables at T1 and T2, and the total duration of orthodontic treatment were examined as predictors. The need for OGS and skeletal and dental discrepancies at T3 was examined as outcomes.ResultsA total of six models were developed, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. Multiple prognostic factors for OGS were identified. In particular, the number of clefts in the lip and alveolus showed relatively high odds ratios, as did anterior crossbite at T3. Achieving palatal closure with the push‐back method, rather than Furlow's method, was also found to be a predictive factor for anterior crossbite at T3, with high odds ratios.ConclusionsThe prognostic factors for OGS determined by the AI systems were the number of clefts in the lip and alveolus, the palatal repair method, male sex, several cephalometric variables for the sagittal and vertical dimensions, growth patterns and the number of missing teeth.
Revisiting Koch's postulate to determine the plausibility of viral transmission by human milk
Authors: Van de Perre Philippe , Molès Jean‐Pierre , Nagot Nicolas , Tuaillon Edouard , Ceccaldi Pierre‐Emmanuel , Goga Ameena , Prendergast Andrew J. , Rollins Nigel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs breastfeeding is of utmost importance for child development and survival, identifying whether breast milk is a route of transmission for human viruses is critical.Based on the principle of Koch's postulate, we propose an analytical framework to determine the plausibility of viral transmission by breast milk. This framework is based on five criteria: viral infection in children receiving breast milk from infected mothers; the presence of virus, viral antigen, or viral genome in the breast milk of infected mothers; the evidence for the virus in breast milk being infectious; the attempts to rule out other transmission modalities; and the reproduction of viral transmission by oral inoculation in an animal model. We searched for evidence in published reports to determine whether the 5 criteria are fulfilled for 16 human viruses that are suspected to be transmissible by breast milk. We considered breast milk transmission is proven if all 5 criteria are fulfilled, as probable if 4 of the 5 criteria are met, as possible if 3 of the 5 criteria are fulfilled, and as unlikely if less than 3 criteria are met. Only five viruses have proven transmission through breast milk: human T‐cell lymphotropic virus 1, human immunodeficiency virus, human cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. The other 11 viruses fulfilled some but not all criteria and were categorized accordingly.Our framework analysis is useful for guiding public health recommendations and for identifying knowledge gaps amenable to original experiments.
Randomized trial of different initial intravenous immunoglobulin regimens in Kawasaki disease
Authors: He Lan , Liu Fang , Yan Weili , Huang Min , Huang Meirong , Xie Lijian , Guo Ying , Xu Xinyi , Chu Chen , Wu Lin , Liang Xuecun , Sun Shuna , Wang Feng , Zhao Lu , Zhao Quming , Ma Xiaojing , Xie Liping , Huang Guoying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the efficacy of different initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) regimens in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients to find more cost‐effective therapy options.MethodsA multicenter, open‐label, blind‐endpoint randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015. Patients with KD, within 10 days of illness, were randomly assigned to receive different IVIG regimens (Group A, 2 g/kg once; Group B, 1 g/kg for 2 consecutive days; Group C, 1 g/kg once) and aspirin 30mg/kg/d. Primary outcomes included hours to defervescence and development of coronary artery lesions during the study period. Major secondary outcomes included total fever days, total dose of IVIG, changes of laboratory data, length of stay, and hospitalization expenses. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02439996).ResultsA total of 404 patients underwent randomization. No difference was found in the outcomes of defervescence among three groups at 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after completion of initial IVIG infusion. There were no differences in the incidence of coronary artery lesions during the study period (at week 2, month 1, month 3, and month 6 of illness), changes of laboratory data, total fever days, and length of stay. Group C patients had the lowest total dose of IVIG (mean: 1.2 vs 2.2 vs 2.1 g/kg; P < 0.001) and hospitalization expenses (mean: 8443.8 vs 10798.4 vs 11011.4 Chinese Yuan; P < 0.001) than other two groups.ConclusionsA single dose of 1g/kg IVIG is a low‐cost treatment with the same efficacy as 2 g/kg IVIG and can be an option for the initial therapy of KD patients.
Cognitive training improves emotion regulation in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Xie Jinlan , Liu Siman , Fang Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to regulate emotion effectively plays a key role in child psychosocial development and mental health. The current study examines the effect of cognitive training for executive function on emotion regulation in Chinese preschool children, and further investigate the underlying mediating mechanisms.MethodsA cluster randomized control trial design with pre‐test and post‐test was conducted in 61 preschool children aged 3–6 years in China. The intervention group consisted of 30 children who received eight cognitive training sessions on executive function, while the control group consisted of 31 children who did not receive any psychological training. Children's executive function was measured individually via five laboratory tasks both in the pre‐test and post‐test. Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were coded in emotion‐elicit contexts.ResultsIntervention group outperformed control group in working memory and inhibitory control. Children in the intervention group exhibited increased use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies and decreased use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than children in the control group. Mediation analyses indicated that there were significantly indirect effects of Intervention Condition on the gain scores of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies through the gain score of inhibitory control.ConclusionsExecutive function training effectively promotes working memory, inhibitory control and the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, and reduces the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, executive function training improves the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies through the enhancement of inhibitory control capacity.
Intimate partner violence, prenatal stress, and substance use among pregnant Black women
Authors: Zhang Liying , Dailey Rhonda K. , Price Mercedes , Misra Dawn P. , Giurgescu Carmen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe examine the mediation effects of prenatal stress on the associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) experience and the most common forms of substance use (i.e., cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use) among pregnant Black women.DesignCross‐sectional.SampleBlack women (N = 203) from metropolitan Detroit, Michigan and Columbus, Ohio, were recruited between 8 and 29 weeks of gestation.MeasurementsWomen were asked about IPV experience during 12 months prior to the start of the pregnancy, perceived stress during pregnancy, and substance use during pregnancy.ResultsIntimate partner violence prior to pregnancy was positively associated with cigarette smoking and marijuana use but not with alcohol use during pregnancy. IPV prior to pregnancy was also positively associated with higher levels of perceived stress during pregnancy after controlling for covariates. Path analysis indicated that IPV had an indirect effect on marijuana use through perceived stress (standardized indirect effect = 0.026, SE = 0.020, 95% CI = 0.005–0.064, p =.017).ConclusionsPerceived stress during pregnancy partially mediated the association between previous experience of IPV and marijuana use among pregnant Black women. Interventions are needed to reduce IPV that would lower stress during pregnancy and consequently substance abuse to improve pregnancy outcomes and maternal and newborn health.
The Random Walk Presidency
Authors: Mayer Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDonald Trump's erratic and unpredictable behavior as president was, metaphorically at least, a Random Walk. Combined with an inexperienced White House staff and a near total absence of any meaningful decision‐making processes, the result was, routinely, unforced errors that both impeded the president’s ability to see his policy goals implemented effectively, led to poor congressional relations and, in several key cases, failures of leadership that played a role in his defeat in the 2020 election. The worst policy outcome was his catastrophic response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, which laid bare the pathologies of poor decision‐making processes. As president, Trump’s record exposed institutional weaknesses that a more skilled populist or authoritarian successor may be able to exploit.