bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of raw materials of Heliopsis helianthoides (l.) sweet
Authors: Pavlenko-Badnaoui Mariia , Protska Viktoriia , Burda Nadiia , Zhuravel Iryna , Kuznetsova Viktoriia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we studied the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bioactive substances in the roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of Heliopsis helianthoides. The results of our study showed the presence of 5 phenolic compounds in its roots, 4 phenolic compounds in its leaves, 10 phenolic compounds in its flowers and 8 phenolic compounds in its seeds. The highest content of identified compounds was found in the leaves of this plant – 3192.20±79.78 mg/kg. The dominating hydroxycinnamic acid was chlorogenic acid. This had its highest concentration (1537.21±38.43 mg/kg) in the Heliopsis helianthoides leaves. Among flavonoids, luteolin prevailed in the roots, apigenin-7-glucoside prevailed in the seeds and rutin prevailed in the leaves and flowers. Maximum rutin content (1426.64±35.67 mg/kg) was found in the Heliopsis helianthoides leaves.
Antioxidant activity study in vitro uncovered the substantial antioxidant potential of bioactive substances (BASs) in all tested samples of the raw materials, being within the limits of 2.81-8.13 mg/g. Most active in this respect were Heliopsis helianthoides leaves. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of the development of new antioxidant active drugs on the basis of raw materials of Heliopsis helianthoides.
Scutellaria baicalensis – a small plant with large pro-health biological activities
Authors: Wojtunik-Kulesza Karolina , Kasprzak-Drozd Kamila , Sajdlowski Daniel , Oniszczuk Anna , Swiatkowski Wojciech , Waksmundzka-Hajnos Monika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Scutellaria baicalensis, known also as Huang-Qin is a traditional Chinese plant used in medicine for at least 2000 years. The plant is widely distributed in Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Russia, and is listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. The interest in Huang-Qin results from various biological activities which are primarily related to secondary plants metabolites consisting of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and terpenes. It is known that the compounds are active against numerous diseases and protect the organism against harmful pathogenic agents. Particular attention is paid to baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A – which are characteristic secondary metabolites of the plant. In this paper, we focused on phytochemical analysis and selected biological activities used in periodontal and cardiovascular problems. The presented studies confirm the ability of Huang-Qin to scavenge free radicals, moreover, that it presents anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities.
Demonstration of a Multiple Drift Net for Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Porter Michael D. , Kennedy Seth , Sechrist Juddson 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The distribution of drifting semi-buoyant fish eggs within a river is useful for understanding the ecology of pelagic-broadcast spawning fish. The vertical position of semi-buoyant eggs in the water column is an important parameter describing transport processes for these species. We designed a multiple drift net (five rectangular nets attached to a frame) to vertically divide the water column into stacked horizontal layers to sample drifting semi-buoyant particles. We deployed the multiple drift net gear beside Moore egg collectors in a wadeable channel to sample the vertical distribution of semi-buoyant polyacrylamide gel beads as surrogates for fish eggs in the water column. The vertical distribution of beads was predominantly found in the deeper nets of the multiple drift net gear while the surface nets and Moore egg collectors had fewer beads which is similar to the results in other studies of pelagic-broadcast spawning fish. The multiple drift net gear is a tool that demonstrates the capability to sample the water column under variable flow conditions (depth, velocity and turbulence) for field data on the vertical distribution of drifting eggs (or surrogates). These empirical data can quantify drift patterns of eggs for modeling transport and retention in pelagic-broadcast spawning species.
A Discourse Analysis of News Media Articles on the Polish ‘Rule of Law Crisis’
Authors: Dersley Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article identifies the discursive characteristics of news media texts covering Poland’s ‘constitutional crisis’. Following the conception of discourse presented in Laclau and Mouffe (1985), i.e. as an articulatory practice that conveys meaning through a structured system of positions and differences, the article highlights some features of English-language news media texts (e.g. from the Guardian, Telegraph, Economist, Financial Times, New York Times, Washington Post) that can be described as typical. The following features are identified: a lecturing tone, the use of structural oppositions, immediate rebuttals, misrepresentation, appeals to expertise, and the sovereignty taboo. These features are diagnosed as contributing to the narrow discursive range covered by news articles. To shed light on this narrow range, the article presents three conflicting positions from Polish legal theory that address the issues of constitutional courts, the rule of law and national sovereignty: Ryszard Piotrowki’s legal constitutionalism, Paweł Bała and Adam Wielomski’s Schmitt-inspired position, and Adam Sulikowski’s reading of the constitutional courts as an instrument of hegemonic discourse. In the conclusion it is suggested that news media discourse would benefit from demonstrating a greater awareness of other discourses, and from developing a more generous, balanced approach to presenting and addressing their claims.
The Threat to the Life of the Nation as an Introductory Premise of the Derogation of Obligations in the Domain of Human Rights
Authors: Jasudowicz Tadeusz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The subject of the study is the issue defined in international documents by the term “threat to the life of the nation” as a preliminary condition for departing from obligations in the field of human rights. This premise was adopted both in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as in similar regulations for individual continents, including the European Convention on Human Rights.
However, on a practical basis, this issue has raised and continues to raise multiple interpretation doubts. In the presented considerations, various aspects of this problem are presented in the light of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
On the basis of these, it can be assumed that one cannot identify the category of the nation with the categories of the state and//or the population, since each of these categories has its due autonomy; while on the other hand, they accompany, coexist and remain in mutual relations and interaction. Hence, in international norms, both the treaty provisions and the treaty bodies in their rulings consistently confirm “the life of the nation” as the fundamental protected value, which does not prevent them from associating this value with values important for the state as such and for the population/society.
The classic model of this approach has already been established by the ECtHR in the Lawless case, where the Court described a derogation situation as “an exceptional crisis or emergency situation that affects the entire population and poses a threat to the organized life of the community that comprises the state
A Liberating Experience. On Becoming a Work of Art
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The art of bodypainting that is fairly unknown to a wider public turns the body into a canvas - it is a frequently used phrase in the field of bodypainting that illustrates the challenge it faces: it uses a three-dimensional surface and has to cope with its irregularities, but also with the model’s abilities and characteristics. This paper looks at individuals who are turned into art by bodypainting. Although body painting can be very challenging for them - they have to expose their bodies and to stand still for a long time while getting transformed - models report that they enjoy both the process and the result, even if they are not confident about their own bodies. Among the reasons there are physical aspects like the sensual enjoyment, but also the feeling of being part of something artistic. This is enhanced and preserved through double staging - becoming a threedimentional work of art and then being staged for photography or film clips. This process gives the model the chance to experience their own body in a detached way. On the one hand, bodypainting closely relates to the body and on the other hand, it can help to over-come the body.
Reference in Fiction
Authors: Friend Stacie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost discussions of proper names in fiction concern the names of fictional characters, such as ‘Clarissa Dalloway’ or ‘Lilliput.’ Less attention has been paid to referring names in fiction, such as ‘Napoleon’ (in Tolstoy’sWar and Peace) or ‘London’ (in Orwell’sNineteen Eighty-Four). This is because many philosophers simply assume that such names are unproblematic; they refer in the usual way to their ordinary referents. The alternative position, dubbedExceptionalismby Manuel García-Carpintero, maintains that referring names make a distinctive semantic contribution in fiction. In this paper I offer a positive argument for Non-Exceptionalism, relying on the claim that works of both fiction and non-fiction can express the same singular propositions. I go on to defend my account against García-Carpintero’s objections.
Minding Strangers’ Business
Authors: Benziman Yotam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When should we interfere in the course of a stranger’s life? While philosophers have discussed at length extreme cases of assisting poor people in famine stricken countries, much less attention has been given to casual, everyday episodes. If I overhear two people discussing a place they are about to visit, and know that it is closed for renovation, should I interfere and tell them so? If I stand next to a customer who has not been given enough change in the supermarket, should I point that out or mind my own business? Using the Kantian notions of love and respect, I answer such questions. I claim that Kant’s terminology is ill-suited for instructing us how to deal with others with whom we are personally involved, but is important for our encounters with strangers. I suggest that we take seriously Kant’s claim that we are “united in one dwelling place”. When around others, keep an open eye to the possibility that they might need help. If there is good reason to suppose that you may help, knock on their door. Let them decide whether they want to open it. They are totally entitled to decline the offer, but should keep in mind that it was given as part of the joint venture of living together with others. The interference should therefore not be regarded as an infringement of privacy.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 gene expression is strongly up-regulated by HSPB8 silencing in U87 glioma cells
Authors: Hnatiuk Oksana S. , Tsymbal Dariia O. , Minchenko Dmytro O. , Khita Olena O. , Viletska Yulia M. , Rundytska Olha V. , Kozynkevych Halyna E. , Maslak Hanna S. , Minchenko Oleksandr H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the present investigation was to study the expression of genes encoding IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) and some other functionally active proteins in U87 glioma cells under silencing of polyfunctional chaperone HSPB8 for evaluation of the possible significance of this protein in intergenic interactions.

Methods. Silencing of HSPB8 mRNA was introduced by HSPB8 specific siRNA. The expression level of HSPB8, IRS1, HK2, GLO1, HOMER3, MYL9, NAMPT, PER2, PERP, GADD45A, and DEK genes was studied in U87 glioma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results. It was shown that silencing of HSPB8 mRNA by specific to HSPB8 siRNA led to a strong down-regulation of this mRNA and significant modification of the expression of IRS1 and many other genes in glioma cells: strong up-regulated of HOMER3, GLO1, and PERP and down-regulated of MYL9, NAMPT, PER2, GADD45A, and DEK gene expressions. At the same time, no significant changes were detected in the expression of HK2 gene in glioma cells treated by siRNA, specific to HSPB8. Moreover, the silencing of HSPB8 mRNA enhanced the glioma cells proliferation rate.

Conclusions. Results of this investigation demonstrated that silencing of HSPB8 mRNA affected the expression of IRS1 gene as well as many other genes encoding tumor growth related proteins. It is possible that the dysregulation of most of the studied genes in glioma cells after silencing of HSPB8 is reflected by a complex of intergenic interactions and that this polyfunctional chaperone is an important factor for the stability of genome function and regulatory mechanisms contributing to the tumorigenesis control.
A Review of Economic and Environment Indicators and Energy Efficiency: Evidence from the EU and Serbia
Authors: Jednak Sandra , Minović Jelena , Kragulj Dragana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy is a globally important factor of production - the growth of population and income increase energy consumption, so there is an urge to decrease it. However, there are different ways to reduce energy consumption, and one of them is energy efficiency. The aim of the paper is to give a theoretical review of energy efficiency and its benefits. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of economic and environmental indicators and energy efficiency in EU27 (after 2020) and Serbia. The trends of energy efficiency, GDP per capita and GHG emission are shown for the observed countries. The European and Serbian policies and targets for energy efficiency are presented and also the level these countries have reached the set targets. In order to see the relationship between energy efficiency, GDP per capita and GHG emission, the correlation among all variables is applied. The results show that energy efficiency is higher in EU27 than in Serbia. Even though Serbia had energy efficiency increase during the observed period (1995-2018), it lags behind the EU27. However, there is a positive correlation between energy efficiency and GDP and GHG emission in both EU27 and Serbia.
English communicative competence and predominant language for online use through smartphones in Croatia as compared to Slovenia
Authors: Varga Mirna , Jurkovič Violeta , Sierocka Halina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study explores which languages are predominant in the online use among the targeted participant population in Croatia and Slovenia and examines the association between the participants’ smartphone online use of English and preferred subtitling mode with their perceived communicative competence in English. The findings indicate that in both nationality groups the use of English prevails in receptive language activities, in particular listening and audio-visual reception, while mother tongues are mainly used for productive and interactive activities. Participants who prefer English when engaging in online informal activities through their smartphones and who use English or no subtitles when watching video content also assess their competence in English to be on higher levels.
Bitcoin as a New Currency
Authors: Brzeszczyński Janusz , Gajdka Jerzy , Schabek Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: Bitcoin is the most popular financial instrument within the new cryptocurrencies class, which emerged in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007/2008.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of Bitcoin from the perspective of the Polish market investor. More specifically, the aim of the empirical research presented in this study has been twofold: (1) comparison of Bitcoin with other currencies using returns and risk captured by the standard deviation of returns and (2) assessment of the sensitivity of the BTC/PLN exchange rate to the NBP’s monetary policy announcements.

Results: Bitcoin appears to be weakly related to other currency exchange rates against the Polish zloty and the monetary policy announcements of the National Bank of Poland (NBP) have, effectively, no influence on the determination of the BTC/PLN exchange rate.

Novelty: We discuss extensively the Bitcoin as a new asset on the financial market and we present the investigation of the BTC/PLN reactions to the monetary policy announcements in Poland, which is a novel analysis for this instrument using the Polish market data.
Basic characteristics of microhabitats of snake-eyed skink (Ablepharus kitaibelii) in Western Hungary
Authors: Kenyeres Zoltán , Bauer Norbert , Cservenka Judit , Szabó Szilárd , Tóth Sándor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Following the rediscovery after 200 years of Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri in 2017, we carried out data collection its habitats regarding vegetation, microclimate, and soil on two prominent dolomite hills of the Eastern Bakony. Data collections were carried out in habitat mosaics (xerothermic forest edges on the plateaus, karst shrub forests in south-facing exposure, dry grasslands among forest patches on the plateaus, rocky grasslands in south-facing exposure) of three sampling blocks. Vegetation was examined by phytosociological relevés, microclimate from April to November continuously by TMS-2 dataloggers, and soil by laboratory analyses focused mainly on percentage of different fractions. According to our results a) shrub forests with a south-facing exposure provide a cooler microclimate with temperated fluctuation in the spring–early summer and late summer–early autumn periods; b) plateau grasslands and shrubs are characterised by looser soil structure. Based on our results, heterogeneous habitat character of forest–grassland mosaics of the Pannonicum can mitigate the expected negative effects of climate change on reptiles.
Plant species occupy different habitats on the fortress walls in Elbasan, Albania
Authors: Gjeta Ermelinda , Titus Jonathan , Titus Priscilla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vegetated walls are an important habitat for urban biodiversity. We conducted an analysis of the plant species that grow on the Elbasan, Albania fortress walls. Walls vary in age from 4th to 21st century, and in composition. On 71 walls we assessed 2787 plants of 35 species and recorded plant size, presence of flowers or fruits, height from the ground, crevice depth, wall aspect, wall age and composition, and distance to nearest opposing wall. Eleven species, two of which were ferns, composed 93.8% of the plants. The vast majority of plants flowered and fruited on the walls. Plant density ranged from 0.1–70 plants/m2. Species distributions varied significantly based on height on the wall, crevice depth, aspect and distance to the opposing wall. These differences may be influenced by dispersal mechanisms, moisture, substrate composition, and other important environmental factors. For example, Antirrhinum majus was generally found high on south facing walls in deep cracks whereas Umbilicus rupestris was found lower on north facing walls in shallower cracks. It is important that older walls colonized by plants be maintained such that a native flora can persist where natural rocky features are lacking.
Conservation, restoration and biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands – Editorial to the 6th EDGG special issue in Hacquetia
Authors: Valkó Orsolya , Labadessa Rocco , Venn Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This special issue is a collection of articles about the conservation, restoration and biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands and was initiated by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group at the 15th Eurasian Dry Grassland Conference (EDGC), held at Graz, Austria in 2019. The papers in this special issue cover a range of grassland habitats from montane dry grasslands to lowland sandy grasslands, feathergrass steppes and meadow steppes, and focus on the biodiversity values, conservation issues and restoration prospects of Palaearctic grasslands. We hope that the articles in this special issue will contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of grasslands and support their more effective conservation.
The Effects of Low-Load vs. High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Grgic Jozo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of low-load vs. high-load resistance training on type I and type II muscle fiber hypertrophy. Searches for studies were performed through ten databases. Studies were included if they: (a) compared the effects of low-load vs. high-load resistance training (performed to momentary muscular failure); and, (b) assessed muscle fiber hypertrophy. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to analyze the data. Ten study groups were included in the analysis. In the meta-analysis for the effects of low-load vs. high-load resistance training on type I muscle fiber hypertrophy, there was no significant difference between the training conditions (standardized mean difference: 0.28; 95% confidence interval: –0.27, 0.82; p = 0.316; I2 = 18%; 95% prediction interval: –0.71, 1.28). In the meta-analysis for the effects of low-load vs. high-load resistance training on type II muscle fiber hypertrophy, there was no significant difference between the training conditions (standardized mean difference: 0.30; 95% confidence interval: –0.05, 0.66; p = 0.089; I2 = 0%; 95% prediction interval: –0.28, 0.88). In this meta-analysis, there were no significant differences between low-load and high-load resistance training on hypertrophy of type I or type II muscle fibers. The 95% confidence and prediction intervals were very wide, suggesting that the true effect in the population and the effect reported in a future study conducted on this topic could be in different directions and anywhere from trivial to very large. Therefore, there is a clear need for future research on this topic.