bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How are patient inputs considered in HTA? A thematic document analysis of NICE ultra-rare disease appraisals
Authors: Gentilini Arianna , Rana Alina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatient organisations are increasingly involved in HTA. Given this, it is important to understand what these organisations contribute and how their voices are accounted for in the decision-making process. This study characterises inputs from patient organisations and/or their nominated patient experts in technology appraisals for ultra-rare diseases in England and Wales and seeks to understand how these are considered in NICE final recommendations. We thematically analysed all HST appraisals completed between January 2022 and August 2024 (N = 15). We appraised inputs from patient organisations’ and experts’ written submissions, the novelty of patient inputs, as well as financial ties between contributing organisations and the manufacturer of the technology being appraised. We compared themes identified with those found in the Final Evaluation Determination documents to understand how and to what extent patients’ inputs were considered in NICE final recommendations. We found that patient submissions mainly focused on disease aspects (54%). Patients raised concerns on access challenges, caregiver burden, and mental health impacts. Most patient themes overlapped with manufacturers’ submissions (82%) and doctors’ testimonies (45%), with most novel insights focusing on access issues and mental health. Patient organisations reported receiving funding from the technology manufacturer in most appraisals, with amounts ranging from £5,000 to £74,113. Approximately half of patient inputs were explicitly mentioned in NICE final decision documents, with some considerations being neglected despite being raised by patients. While NICE incorporates many issues of importance to patients, there is room for improvement to ensure all aspects patients deem important are captured. Further research could pinpoint optimal areas for patient contributions and assess their impact.
Multinational platforms and legitimacy spillovers
Authors: Li Sali , Stallkamp Maximilian , Shaheer Noman , Chen Liang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultinational platforms (MNPs), such as TikTok, Grab, and Airbnb, are facing significant legitimacy challenges in foreign markets. While some of these challenges are similar to those experienced by conventional multinational enterprises (MNEs), the platform-based business models of MNPs, which create value primarily through networks of external users and complementors, rather than through hierarchically controlled foreign subsidiaries, lead to unique legitimacy challenges and open up novel strategies for overcoming them. We explore how MNPs can leverage legitimacy spillovers from their complementors to overcome legitimacy challenges and establish credibility in new markets. We propose that effective governance and strategic management of complementor relationships can significantly enhance MNPs’ legitimacy across diverse institutional contexts. Our findings contribute to the literature on digital platform internationalization, offering new insights and strategic tools for MNP managers to navigate the complex global landscape.
On the convergence of generalized kernel-based interpolation by greedy data selection algorithms
Authors: Albrecht Kristof , Iske Armin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe analyze the convergence of generalized kernel-based interpolation methods. This is done under minimalistic assumptions on both the kernel and the target function. On these grounds, we further prove convergence of popular greedy data selection algorithms for totally bounded sets of sampling functionals. Supporting numerical results concerning computerized tomography are provided for illustration.
Wi-Fi signal for soil moisture sensing
Authors: Salman Adil K. , Al-Jumaili Mohammed , Sut-Lohmann Magdalena , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Measuring soil moisture is essential in various scientific and engineering disciplines. Over recent decades, numerous technologies have been employed for in situ monitoring of soil moisture. Currently, dielectric-based sensors are the most popular measurement technology and provide acceptable accuracy for various measurement purposes. However, these sensors are relatively expensive, and alternative technologies, which are cheaper, are not accurate enough for scientific purposes. Recently, the idea of using a Wi-Fi signal to measure soil moisture has been presented. Theoretically, the use of Wi-Fi technology in soil sensing follows the same concepts as the previous dielectric sensors. The main advantage of Wi-Fi technology is the possibility of providing a relatively accurate and cost-effective solution for soil moisture measurement. In this work, we try to investigate the possibility of using Wi-Fi signal characteristics for soil sensing. Therefore, a series of small-scale laboratory and field experiments were conducted to test the concept. The results of these experiments were promising, showing strong linear relationships between Wi-Fi signal properties (received signal strength indicator, RSSI) and soil water content, with R
2 values ranging between 0.92 and 0.99, indicating a strong correlation. They also illustrate the possibility of using this technology to develop an inexpensive and accurate device for measuring soil moisture. However, observations from the experiments also point to problematic factors involving the hardware and software used in the measurements. It is important to control these factors in the next steps to develop a reliable measurement device.
Exercise and cardiac rehabilitation after LVAD implantation
Authors: Newman Emily , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Rajapreyar Indranee 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLeft ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have improved mortality and quality of life for patients with end-stage heart failure by providing an alternative to cardiac transplant or as a bridge to transplantation. The improvement in functional capacity however is minimal to modest depending on the right ventricular function, optimal hemodynamics on LVAD therapy, and comorbidities. There is improvement in submaximal exercise capacity but improvement in peak aerobic capacity is limited. Exercise capacity can be improved by referral to cardiac rehabilitation after LVAD implantation. Cardiac rehabilitation is safe and effective with improvement in functional capacity, and decrease in mortality and heart failure hospitalizations. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a specialized exercise stress test that measures gas exchange during exercise to determine a variety of variables that have been shown to be predictive of mortality in patients undergoing cardiac transplant. CPET is valuable for prognostication and is a predictor of adverse outcomes, including right heart failure in the immediate post-LVAD implantation period, long-term mortality. CPET is an additional testing that can aid in the decision making for LVAD explantation or decommissioning.
Effect of incident light and light gradients on eicosapentaenoic acid distribution between lipid classes in Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: Ferrer-Ledo Narcis , van Oossanen Sabine , Wijffels Rene H. , Evers Wendy A. C. , Südfeld Christian , Janssen Marcel , Teles Dominguez Cabanelas Iago , Barbosa Maria J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCommercial production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from photoautotrophic microalgae like Nannochloropsis oceanica requires higher productivity and larger scales to reduce costs. Improving productivity can be achieved by increasing biomass concentrations, which creates light gradients in the reactor depending on the culture’s acclimation and the reactor geometry. These light gradients affect physiology, lipid synthesis, but also the distribution of fatty acids between lipid classes. In this study we evaluated the combined effect of the incident light intensity and light gradient on growth, biochemical composition, and fatty acid distribution between lipid classes. A total of 13 cultivations were performed in continuous mode using three different incident light intensities (200, 670, and 1550 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and four dilution rates (from 0.29 to 0.75 day−1). Reducing dilution rates resulted in higher biomass concentrations, steeper light gradients, and lower average light intensities. Increasing incident light intensity improved biomass productivity from 0.5 to 1.8 g L−1 day−1, while the biomass yield on light decreased from 1.05 to 0.44 g mol−1. Lowering average light intensities decreased the triglyceride content from 11.1 to 1.5% w/w, and increased the galactolipid content, mainly monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, up from 3.1 to 5.1% w/w. Total EPA contents did not decrease at low incident light but decreased by 28% at highly saturating light, both relative to medium incident light. The EPA content in polar lipids increased at lower average light intensities, and decreased in the neutral fraction simultaneously. These results highlight the tight regulation of EPA content between lipid polar and neutral fractions under different light regimes.
Graphical Abstract
Back-to-basics tutorial: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in ceramics
Authors: Shen Zonghao , Fearn Sarah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a sophisticated and powerful analytical technique to characterise the surface and sub-surface of materials. It has been widely used in materials science due to its trace level sensitivity to the full range of elements and isotopes, capability of profiling from surface to bulk, and various modes to provide information from the mass spectrum to 2D and 3D elemental distribution. In this article, we will discuss the working principles of SIMS, instrumentation information, issues related to measurements and data analysis with some case studies as well as the possible pitfalls. It will be by no means exhaustive for SIMS analysis but the aim of this article is to lower the boundaries for students and researchers who are going to perform their first SIMS analyses. The examples will be focused on solid state materials for energy applications only, albeit SIMS has been widely used for the surface analysis on all kinds of materials.
Spirituality in Managing Perceived Stress and Promoting Self-Care: A Descriptive Study on Nursing Students in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Pascual M. Dolores , Reig-Ferrer Abilio , Santos-Ruiz Ana M. , Martínez-Rodríguez Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe relationship between spirituality, perceived stress, and self-care was examined in a sample of 515 nursing students in Spain. Using the perceived stress scale (PSS), the professional self-care scale (PSCS), and the spirituality questionnaire (MiLS-sp/sf), the findings indicated that higher spirituality, particularly through inner peace and faith, was linked to reduced stress and enhanced self-care across physical, inner, and social dimensions. However, the inner self-care dimension was the least developed, suggesting that essential emotional, spiritual, and psychological needs were neglected. This result highlights the necessity for a comprehensive self-care model that empowers students to create personalised strategies to enhance their inner and spiritual self-care. It is essential that these findings give rise to practical applications in order to promote the well-being and professional effectiveness of nursing students.
Adaptive multiplication of $$\mathcal {H}^2$$-matrices with block-relative error control
Authors: Börm Steffen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe discretization of non-local operators, e.g., solution operators of partial differential equations or integral operators, leads to large densely populated matrices. $$\mathcal {H}^2$$

H

2

-matrices take advantage of local low-rank structures in these matrices to provide an efficient data-sparse approximation that allows us to handle large matrices efficiently, e.g., to reduce the storage requirements to $$\mathcal {O}(n k)$$

O
(
n
k
)

for n-dimensional matrices with local rank k, and to reduce the complexity of the matrix-vector multiplication to $$\mathcal {O}(n k)$$

O
(
n
k
)

operations. In order to perform more advanced operations, e.g., to construct efficient preconditioners or evaluate matrix functions, we require algorithms that take $$\mathcal {H}^2$$

H

2

-matrices as input and approximate the result again by $$\mathcal {H}^2$$

H

2

-matrices, ideally with controllable accuracy. In this manuscript, we introduce an algorithm that approximates the product of two $$\mathcal {H}^2$$

H

2

-matrices in $$\mathcal {O}(n k^2 \log n)$$

O
(
n

k
2

log
n
)

operations and guarantees block-relative error estimates for the submatrices of the result. It uses specialized tree structures to represent the exact product in an intermediate step, thereby allowing us to apply mathematically rigorous error control strategies.
Future-forming research in higher education: a review of academic advising literature from the United States
Authors: Hutson Bryant L. , He Ye 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Academic advising is one of the key practices in U.S. higher education institutions for supporting students’ success. However, the complexity of academic advising program structures, the difficulties in identifying appropriate outcome measures, and the lack of inclusion of multiple stakeholders’ perspectives continue to challenge scholars to integrate research in academic advising practices. In this article, we review publications on academic advising that were included in the recent What Works Clearinghouse Practice Guide to highlight methodological challenges and strategies. Based on insights from these studies, we further explore design considerations to balance rigor, replicability, and relevance in academic advising research and propose promising future-forming research design considerations for higher education researchers and practitioners.
Direct Copper Metallization of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymers for Lightning Strike Protection Using Low-Pressure Cold Spray
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Izumi Atsushi , Meng Yuxian , Ichikawa Yuji , Ogawa Kazuhiro , Ishida Syoma , Naruse Yoshihiro , Nishizaki Akihiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metallizing polymer composite via cold spray is an attractive process for producing lightning strike protection (LSP) in composite-based aircraft. However, direct deposition of copper, the most common conductive metal, on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTP) remains challenging due to the severe polymer erosion and carbon fiber fracture induced by cold-sprayed multi-particle impact. In this work, the copper direct deposition window was explored by varying copper particle size and operating gas temperature, which are primary parameters determining particle impact energy. Following this, a lightning strike test was performed to evaluate the protective effectiveness of the deposited copper coating in reducing damage to the underlying CFRTP substrate. It was revealed that fine copper particles approximately 5 µm in diameter are effective for direct deposition due to their minimal induction of polymer erosion. Sufficient heating of the particle spray area above the glass transition temperature promoted continuous coating formation. The lightning strike tests demonstrated that the cold-sprayed copper coating effectively protects the underlying CFRTP by acting as a major electric current path and a sacrificial protective layer. These findings highlight the promising potential of cold spray as a new LSP technology for polymer composite aircraft.
Construction of a prediction model for Alzheimer’s disease using an AI-driven eye-tracking task on mobile devices
Authors: Li Qinjie , Yan Jiaxin , Ye Jianfeng , Lv Hao , Zhang Xiaochen , Tu Zhilan , Li Yunxia , Guo Qihao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Eye-movement can reflect cognition and provide information on the neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The high cost and limited accessibility of eye-movement recordings have hindered their use in clinics.

Aims
We aim to develop an AI-driven eye-tracking tool for assessing AD using mobile devices with embedded cameras.

Methods
166 AD patients and 107 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The subjects completed eye-movement tasks on a pad. We compared the demographics and clinical features of two groups. The eye-movement features were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Logistic regression (LR) model was trained to classify AD and NC, and its performance was evaluated. A nomogram was established to predict AD.

Results
In training set, the model showed a good area under curve (AUC) of 0.85 for identifying AD from NC, with a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 84%, positive predictive value of 0.87, and negative predictive value of 0.65. The validation of the model also yielded a favorable discriminatory ability with the AUC of 0.91, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 82%, 91%, 0.93, and 0.77 to identify AD patients from NC.

Discussion and Conclusions
This novel AI-driven eye-tracking technology has the potential to reliably identify differences in eye-movement abnormalities in AD. The model shows excellent diagnostic performance in identifying AD based on the current data collected. The use of mobile devices makes it accessible for AD patients to complete tasks in primary clinical settings or follow up at home.
Investigating the effect of sediment loading on the growth of a shale-cored anticline using finite element modelling: an example from the South Caspian Basin
Authors: Procter Andrew , Roberts Daniel T. , Lonergan Lidia , Dee Stephen J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLarge-scale folding of sedimentary rock is generally considered to be a response to horizontal tectonic shortening. We test an alternative hypothesis where we propose that in basins with high sedimentation rates where folds are cored by mechanically weak mobile shale, fold growth can be amplified by the gravitational loading of the weak underlying shale. We use two-dimensional plane-strain, finite element code to investigate the mechanics of growth of a shale-cored fold in the South Caspian Sea Basin, where c.10 km of sediment was deposited in the last 6 My. The overburden and syn-kinematic sediments are modelled as poro-elastoplastic materials using a modified Cam-Clay critical state model and the mobile shale is modelled as visco-plastic Herschell-Bulkley material, representative of conditions at critical state. The results show that the atypical geometries of the fold strata can be explained by the application of horizontal shortening and simultaneous sediment loading of the visco-plastic layer. The viscosity of the shale determines whether differential loading will cause fold growth and its density controls the magnitude of fold amplification, with a lower density causing greater fold amplification. Results demonstrate that the magnitude of shale inflation is controlled by complex interaction of the relative amounts of shortening and sedimentation rate.
A new grey model with generalized fractal-fractional derivative for prediction of tourism development
Authors: Xu Chenhui , Zheng Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA new fractional order grey prediction model is proposed for accurate forecasting of tourism development in China. The model combines generalized fractal-fractional derivative operators with difference and accumulation generation operators. Experimental comparisons with existing models show significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency. The model is applied to forecast tourism development in China and results are compared with actual data to verify effectiveness. The proposed model combines fractal-fractional operators to improve prediction accuracy and efficiency, accounting for various factors affecting tourism development. Comparisons with existing models show superiority in accuracy and efficiency. The model accurately predicts tourism development in China, resulting in improved forecasting compared to existing methods. Comparison with actual data further validates the model by displaying agreement between predicted and actual values. Overall, the proposed model effectively captures tourism development dynamics in China for accurate forecasting.
Role of Liming and Nitrogen Input in Determining Low Nitrogen Leaching Losses in Volcanic Soils
Authors: Alfaro Marta A. , Cardenas Laura , Salazar Francisco , Hatch David , Ramírez Luis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Livestock production based on grazing is the most important productive activity in southern Chile. Most grasslands are located on volcanic soils with unexplained low nitrogen (N) leaching losses.

Methods
A cutting field experiment was carried out between February 2008 and March 2010 on an Andisol of the Osorno soil series, testing liming (0 or 2 t CaCO3 ha− 1 yr− 1) and N rate applied as inorganic fertiliser applied in two equal dressings (0, 200, 400 kg N ha− 1 yr− 1). Measurements of pasture yield, N uptake and N leaching losses were complemented with mineralization studies under field and laboratory conditions, and soil N abiotic retention.

Results
Total N leaching losses were greater in the 400 kg N treatments (90 kg N ha− 1, on average), with no differences between the liming treatments (10 kg N ha− 1, on average; P > 0.05). Nitrogen addition resulted in 50% and 92% more dry matter yield in treatments receiving 200 and 400 kg N than the control (N-0) treatment. Potential N mineralization varied between 206 and 282 mg N kg− 1 dry soil. The mineralization of more recalcitrant components of soil organic matter increased with both N and lime addition. Soil had a greater capacity to retain added N as ammonium (74% on average).

Conclusions
The natural acidic soil conditions did not prevent nitrification, neither N leaching losses, probably associated to occurrence of N abiotic immobilization processes. Lime addition could influence N mineralization in the long term, while N addition would influence it in both short and long term.
What constitutes the health subject?
Authors: Inkpen S. Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to many philosophical accounts, health is related to the functions and capacities of biological parts. But how do we decide what constitutes the health subject (that is, the bearer of health and disease states) and its biological parts whose functions are relevant for assessing its health? Current science, especially microbiome science, complicating the boundaries between organisms and their environments undermines any straightforward answer. This article explains why this question matters, delineates a few broad options, offers arguments against one option, and draws some modest implications for philosophical accounts of human health.
When the states led wage enforcement: Can the Commonwealth match them?
Authors: Schofield-Georgeson Eugene 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This longitudinal and empirical study compares Australian labour enforcement, predominantly between the New South Wales (NSW) and Commonwealth jurisdictions. It documents the volume of enforcement litigation, inspection and arrears recovery within an Australian state for the first time. These enforcement activities are then compared to equivalent Commonwealth labour enforcement over time, with a particular focus on the activities of the federal inspectorate since the Commonwealth takeover of industrial relations in 2005. This comparison enables three significant claims. First, that contemporary labour enforcement activities have not kept pace with those conducted by inspectorates in the early to mid-twentieth century, most of which were performed by the States. Second, that enforcement has always been a significant part of the Australian industrial relations landscape, reinforcing the conciliation and arbitration system, particularly within the States. And third, those high levels of regulation and labour enforcement played a role in reducing social inequality throughout the mid-twentieth century.