bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of community assembly rules of a whole turtle family (Pelomedusidae) from continental to local scales in Africa
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Di Vittorio Massimiliano , Rhodin Anders G. J. , Iverson John B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessing community assembly rules has been a prominent task by community ecologists. Using a turtle family (Pelomedusidae) as a study case, we analyze the structure of their communities from the continental scale to the habitat scale, by using a suite of statistical approaches: (i) GIS modeling of the most complete presence sites dataset (from IUCN/SSC TFTSG archive); (ii) niche overlap and co‐occurrence null models with Monte Carlo simulations; (iii) generalized linear models. We used, after controlling for spatial autocorrelation, continental scale presence data totalling 1698 locality records belonging to 27 species of African Pelomedusidae and local scale data from 58 surveyed stations in eight different countries, totalling 1936 turtle individuals of at least five species (but several taxa are included into one of these “species”: the Pelomedusa subrufa complex). At the local scale, the number of co‐occurring Pelomedusidae in Africa ranged from two to three species, although the ranges of up to five total species overlapped at various locations on the continental scale. A simulation study showed that, at the continental scale, the various species co‐occurred following assembly rules that are compatible with interspecific competition by two metrics. At the habitat scale, the mean number of sympatric species was just below two and the maximum number of sympatric species per local site was three, with significant variation among habitat categories (more in forest than in any other habitat). Body size filtering may be also a mechanism that facilitates coexistence of pelomedusid species under sympatric conditions.
Hiding in plain sight: Vulnerability, public administration, and the case of Covid‐19 hotel quarantine
Authors: Dwyer Graham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractI examine how failures surrounding a quarantine detention program for returned travellers from overseas brought a deadly second wave of the Covid‐19 virus into existence in Victoria, Australia. In addition to providing insights into the ways in which public administration organizations (PAO) can plan for and respond to wicked problems, I propose that they can learn to manage latent failures and equivocal circumstances before, during, and after such crisis events. This is important as locally and globally PAO face emergencies, crises, and disasters triggered by natural and non‐natural hazards which remind us that we need to find new ways of learning while living in challenging times.
Understanding, measuring, and encouraging public policy research impact
Authors: Williams Kate , Lewis Jenny M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcademics undertaking public policy research are committed to tackling interesting questions driven by curiosity, but they generally also want their research to have an impact on government, service delivery, or public debate. Yet our ability to capture the impact of this research is limited because impact is under‐theorised, and current systems of research impact evaluation do not allow for multiple or changing research goals. This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding, measuring, and encouraging research impact for those who seek to produce research that speaks to multiple audiences. The framework brings together message, medium, audience, engagement, impact, evaluation, and affordance within the logics of different fields. It sets out a new way of considering research goals, measurements, and incentives in an integrated way. By accounting for the logics of different fields, which encompass disciplinary, institutional, and intrinsic factors, the framework provides a new way of harnessing measurements and incentives towards fruitful learning about the contribution diverse types of public policy research can make to wider impact.
Validation of process technologies for enhancing the safety of low‐moisture foods: A review
Authors: Wason Surabhi , Verma Tushar , Subbiah Jeyamkondan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe outbreaks linked to foodborne illnesses in low‐moisture foods are frequently reported due to the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella Spp. Bacillus cereus, Clostridium spp., Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of the pathogens to withstand the dry conditions and to develop resistance to heat is regarded as the major concern for the food industry dealing with low‐moisture foods. In this regard, the present review is aimed to discuss the importance and the use of novel thermal and nonthermal technologies such as radiofrequency, steam pasteurization, plasma, and gaseous technologies for decontamination of foodborne pathogens in low‐moisture foods and their microbial inactivation mechanisms. The review also summarizes the various sources of contamination and the factors influencing the survival and thermal resistance of pathogenic microorganisms in low‐moisture foods. The literature survey indicated that the nonthermal techniques such as CO2, high‐pressure processing, and so on, may not offer effective microbial inactivation in low‐moisture foods due to their insufficient moisture content. On the other hand, gases can penetrate deep inside the commodities and pores due to their higher diffusion properties and are regarded to have an advantage over thermal and other nonthermal processes. Further research is required to evaluate newer intervention strategies and combination treatments to enhance the microbial inactivation in low‐moisture foods without significantly altering their organoleptic and nutritional quality.
Soil survey laboratory grain count data to substantiate the rarity of mineral grains in forensic soil reports of examination
Authors: Stern Libby A. , Webb Jodi B. , Ingham Jennifer , Monteith Steven , Saginor Ian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Natural Resources Conservation Service‐Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory has a large publicly available database of laboratory analyses of soil horizons collected from soil profiles largely from the United States. Among these soil properties are mineral grain counts from selected sand and silt fractions of soil horizons, performed by polarized light microscopy (PLM). These grain counts of over 20,000 fractions from 7534 sites provide a substantial reference that a forensic soil examiner could use to substantiate the rarity or commonness of a mineral species. The statement of the rarity or commonness of various minerals provide juries with additional context for the interpreting the results of a forensic soil comparison within the framework of a trial. The grain count data at specific locations can also be assessed to aid in soil provenance investigations, for cases where there are grain‐counted sites in relevant locations. Two examples of application of these to data to soil evidence are included, one relating soil the rarity of a mineral (andalusite) to provide context in a soil comparison and one to aid in narrowing target regions in a soil provenance investigation.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in portal vein thrombosis: A review
Authors: Yeoh Sern Wei , Kok Hong Kuan 
Published: July 2021

The presence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has previously been considered a contraindication to the insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSS). However, patients with PVT may have portal hypertension complications and may thus benefit from TIPSS to reduce portal venous pressure. There is an increasing body of literature that discusses the techniques and outcomes of TIPSS in PVT. This review summarizes the techniques, indications and outcomes of TIPSS in PVT in published case reports, case series and comparative trials, especially regarding the reduction in portal hypertensive complications such as variceal bleeding. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Manuscripts published in English between 1 January 1990 and 1 March 2021 were used. Abstracts were screened and data from potentially relevant articles analyzed. TIPSS in PVT has been reported with high levels of technical success, short‐term portal vein recanalization and long‐term PV patency and TIPSS patency outcomes. Several comparative studies, including randomized controlled trials, have shown favorable outcomes of TIPSS compared with non‐TIPSS treatment of PVT complications. Outcomes of TIPSS with PVT appear similar to those in TIPSS without PVT. However, TIPSS may be more technically difficult in the presence of PVT, and such procedures should be performed in expert high‐volume centers to mitigate the risk of procedural complications. The presence of PVT should no longer be considered a contraindication to TIPSS. TIPSS for PVT has been acknowledged as a therapeutic strategy in recent international guidelines, although further studies are needed before recommendations can be strengthened.Key Points
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is no longer a contraindication to the insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSS)
TIPSS often leads to the spontaneous dissolution of PVT, but can be combined with mechanical or pharmacological thrombectomy
TIPSS reduces portal hypertensive complications of PVT, such as variceal bleeding, and can also facilitate liver transplantation where PVT may otherwise interfere with vascular anastomoses
Studies have shown favorable long‐term outcomes of TIPSS compared with TIPSS without PVT; as well as compared with non‐TIPSS treatment of PVT complications
TIPSS in PVT should be performed in high‐volume specialist centers due to technical difficulties
Circ_0000520 contributes to triple‐negative breast cancer progression through mediating the miR‐1296/ZFX axis
Authors: Zhou Yong , Ma Guoxi , Peng Shijun , Tuo Min , Li Yinmou , Qin Xianxiong , Yu Qiang , Kuang Sijie , Cheng Hong , Li Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high incidence of local recurrence and metastasis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the pathomechanism of TNBC. Here, we investigated the function of circ_0000520 in TNBC and its associated mechanism.MethodsReverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot assay were used to measure RNA and protein expression. Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell migration ability was analyzed by transwell migration and wound healing assays. Transwell invasion assay was conducted to analyze the invasion ability. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, and RNA‐pulldown assay were performed to verify the interaction between microRNA‐1296 (miR‐1296) and circ_0000520 or zinc finger protein X‐linked (ZFX). Xenograft mice model was established to analyze the role of circ_0000520 in xenograft tumor growth in vivo.ResultsCirc_0000520 expression was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0000520 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion whereas induced the apoptosis of TNBC cells. miR‐1296 was verified as a target of circ_0000520, and circ_0000520 silencing‐mediated suppressive effects on the malignant potential of TNBC cells were partly overturned by miR‐1296 knockdown. miR‐1296 interacted with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of ZFX, and ZFX overexpression partly reversed miR‐1296 overexpression‐mediated effects in TNBC cells. Circ_0000520 absence reduced ZFX expression by upregulating miR‐1296 in TNBC cells. Circ_0000520 silencing suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsCirc_0000520 contributed to TNBC development by binding to miR‐1296 to induce ZFX expression.
Hemodynamic monitoring with Hypotension Prediction Index versus arterial waveform analysis alone and incidence of perioperative hypotension
Authors: Grundmann Carla D. , Wischermann Jan M. , Fassbender Philipp , Bischoff Petra , Frey Ulrich H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative hypotension is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) is an advancement of the arterial waveform analysis to predict intraoperative hypotension minutes before episodes occur enabling preventive treatments. We tested the hypothesis that the HPI combined with a personalized treatment protocol reduces intraoperative hypotension when compared to arterial waveform analysis alone.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 adult consecutive patients undergoing moderate‐ or high‐risk noncardiac surgery with invasive arterial pressure monitoring using either index guidance (HPI) or arterial waveform analysis (FloTrac) depending on availability (FloTrac, n = 50; HPI, n = 50). A personalized treatment protocol was applied in both groups. The primary endpoint was the incidence and duration of hypotensive events defined as MAP <65 mmHg evaluated by time‐weighted average of hypotension.ResultsIn the FloTrac group, 42 patients (84%) experienced a hypotension while in the HPI group 26 patients (52%) were hypotensive (p = 0.001). The median (IQR) time‐weighted average of hypotension in the FloTrac group was 0.27 (0.42) mmHg versus 0.10 (0.19) mmHg in the HPI group (p = 0.001). Finally, the median duration of each hypotensive event (IQR) was 2.75 (2.40) min in the FloTrac group compared to 1.00 (2.06) min in the HPI group (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe application of the HPI combined with a personalized treatment protocol can reduce incidence and duration of hypotension when compared to arterial waveform analysis alone. This study therefore provides further evidence of the transition from prediction to actual prevention of hypotension using HPI.
Comparison of long non‐coding RNAs in adipose and muscle tissues between seven indigenous Chinese and the Yorkshire pig breeds
Authors: Yang X.‐M. , Liang Y. , Zhong Z.‐J. , Tao X. , Yang Y.‐K. , Zhang P. , Wang Y. , Lei Y.‐F. , Chen X.‐H. , Zeng K. , Gong J.‐J. , Ying S.‐C. , Zhang J.‐L. , Pang J.‐H. , Lv X.‐B. , Gu Y.‐R. , He Z.‐P. 
Published: July 2021

SummarylncRNAs play crucial roles in fat metabolism in animals. Previously, we have compared the mRNA transcriptome profiles between seven fat‐type Chinese pig breeds and one lean‐type Western breed (Yorkshire, YY). The associations between differentially expressed (DE) genes and phenotypical traits were investigated. In the present study, to further explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms, lncRNAs were sequenced and compared between YY and Chinese indigenous breeds. The results showed 9114 and 7538 DE lncRNAs between at least one Chinese breed and the YY breed in the adipose and muscle tissue respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of these DE lncRNAs mainly influenced the glucolipid metabolism, which is an important process affecting meat quality. Correlation analyses between the DE lncRNA and DE mRNA genes related to meat quality and growth traits were performed. The results showed that LTCONS_00073280 was associated with intramuscular fat content. Four lncRNAs (LTCONS_00101781, LTCONS_00037879, LTCONS_00088260 and LTCONS‐00128343) might mediate backfat thickness. Overall, this study provides candidate lncRNAs that potentially affect meat quality, which might be useful for molecular breeding of pig breeds in future.
3 Contextualizing Commerce at Teotihuacan: Pottery as Evidence for Regional and Neighborhood‐Scale Markets
Authors: Clayton Sarah C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe growth of Teotihuacan in the first millennium CE entailed the development of an extensive, dynamic, and multifaceted economic system. Teotihuacan's economy likely included forms of market exchange, making it an important case study for research concerning the origins of market economies. The settings in which goods changed hands and the social significance of economic interactions are not well understood, however. Here, I discuss how contexts of exchange may be reconstructed through the study of domestic artifacts. I focus on ceramics associated with Teotihuacan's neighborhoods and outlying communities, emphasizing recent data from settlements south of the capital. Compositional analyses are important for tracing exchange networks; macroscopic analyses of assemblage content and stylistic variation are also needed to estimate the scales at which goods circulated and to comprehend the social aspects of economic transactions. Finally, I consider the diverse kinds of physical settings in which market exchange may have occurred. Tendencies to view marketplaces primarily as large, architecturally formal, permanent, and centrally located may constrain our ability to identify and assess the significance of those that were small, informal, and situated within communities.
8 The “Othering” of Maya Political Economies
Authors: Masson Marilyn A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn the twentieth century, an emphasis on generating big models to explain cross‐cultural similarities and differences, particularly with respect to environmental factors, culminated in some essentialist views that negatively characterized the complexity and stability of Maya area civilization and economic foundations. These assumptions about Maya “Others”—as those who are doomed to fail and as weak contrasts to central Mexican contemporaries—still prevail in recent literature. They are dismissive of historical accounts as well as decades of concerted archaeological research. It is time to consider these new data that attest to the stability, resiliency, and commercial sophistication of Maya places and peoples through time. Local historical contingencies gave rise to considerable variation in economic strategies for production and exchange and webs of interdependency provided safeguards for linked cities, towns, and rural places.
12 Classic Maya Marketplace Politics in the Mopan River Valley, Belize
Authors: Cap Bernadette 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe discovery of Classic Maya marketplaces within urban cores—the seats of royal power—brings into question the potential ways royal rulers contributed to the organization and effectiveness of marketplaces. Though Maya rulership is legitimated through family lineage, engagement in marketplaces could have presented rulers with an additional path toward maintaining order, gaining household allegiance, and accumulating wealth. Using multiple variables, I examine marketplace facilities at the sites of Buenavista del Cayo and Classic Xunantunich, located in the Mopan River valley of Belize. Findings show that the two marketplaces are largely complementary to each other in the types of goods available, suggesting similar functions. The timeframes in which the marketplaces were in use overlap during a transition of power from Buenavista del Cayo to Xunantunich. From this I suggest that the function and success of the marketplaces may have influenced the actions of rulers. In this case, rulers could have influenced trade networks and swayed household allegiances, all the while gaining wealth and power by levying taxes and monitoring wealth accumulation by non‐royal elites.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: dietary intake in adults with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Pappas Daniel , Miglioretto Chiara , Javadpour Arefeh , Reveley Hannah , Frank Laura , Grimm Michael C. , Samocha‐Bonet Dorit , Hold Georgina L. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundPoor dietary intake is associated with the development of malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, anaemia and osteoporosis in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. While trials are underway to manipulate the diet of people with IBD, there has been no comprehensive systematic review of the dietary intake of adults with IBD.AimsTo conduct a systematic evaluation and meta‐analysis of the dietary intake of adults with IBD, including macronutrients, micronutrients and food group data.MethodsCINAHL, Embase, Medline and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2000 to 25 September 2020 for cohort, case–control or cross‐sectional studies that reported usual dietary intake in adults. Data were pooled and reported as weighted mean intake for: all adults with IBD; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; active disease; remission; males; females. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model compared intake with healthy individuals.ResultsForty studies were identified and 19 were included in the meta‐analysis. All subgroups of adults with IBD consumed inadequate energy (mean intake in adults with IBD 1980 ± 130 kcal), fibre (14 ± 4 g), folate (246 ± 33 mg) and calcium (529 ± 114 mg) per day. Intake of breads and cereals, legumes, fruit, vegetables and dairy were inadequate. Compared to healthy individuals, adults with IBD consume significantly less dietary fibre (SMD −0.59; 95% CI: −0.73, −0.46).ConclusionsThis review provides improved clarity about the dietary intake of adults with IBD. Future attention is required to improve diet quality and increase understanding of factors influencing dietary intake in IBD.
Fine‐tuning of dual‐SMAD inhibition to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into neural crest stem cells
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Mun , Noh Hye Bin , Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Lee Kun‐Gu , Chang Bomi , Cheong Eunji , Lee C. Justin , Hwang Dong‐Youn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe derivation of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been commonly induced by WNT activation in combination with dual‐SMAD inhibition.In this study, by fine‐tuning BMP signalling in the conventional dual‐SMAD inhibition, we sought to generate large numbers of NCSCs without WNT activation.Materials and methodsIn the absence of WNT activation, we modulated the level of BMP signalling in the dual‐SMAD inhibition system to identify conditions that efficiently drove the differentiation of hPSCs into NCSCs. We isolated two NCSC populations separately and characterized them in terms of global gene expression profiles and differentiation ability.ResultsOur modified dual‐SMAD inhibition containing a lower dose of BMP inhibitor than that of the conventional dual‐SMAD inhibition drove hPSCs into mainly NCSCs, which consisted of HNK+p75high and HNK+p75low cell populations. We showed that the p75high population formed spherical cell clumps, while the p75low cell population generated a 2D monolayer.We detected substantial differences in gene expression profiles between the two cell groups and showed that both p75high and p75low cells differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while only p75high cells had the ability to become peripheral neurons.ConclusionsThis study will provide a framework for the generation and isolation of NCSC populations for effective cell therapy for peripheral neuropathies and MSC‐based cell therapy.
Rat bite fever, a diagnostic challenge: case report and review of 29 cases
Authors: Kämmerer Till , Lesmeister Tony , Wollenberg Andreas , French Lars Einar , Strobel Erwin , Reinholz Markus 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRats can transmit Streptobacillus moniliformis, which may cause rat‐bite fever (RBF), a rare and potentially lethal zoonosis. Fastidious in vitro growth and unspecific symptoms, including fever, arthralgia, and polymorphous skin lesions, complicate the diagnosis. Rat‐bite fever follows exposure to contaminated bodily fluids of infected rodents; however, reports on Streptobacillus moniliformis‐related infections are few so far. A female patient presented with painful hemorrhagic pustules and purpuric lesions on hands and feet. She developed fever and migratory polyarthralgia. Blood culture yielded growth with Streptobacillus moniliformis. The patient owned rats and handled contaminated rat feces and urine, making this the most likely etiology of infection. We report a case of RBF due to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a rat handling‐patient. Difficulties in clinical and microbiological diagnosis highlight the need for a thorough and complete history‐taking and a greater understanding of this rare infectious disease.