bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health and factors related to life satisfaction in nursing home and community‐dwelling older adults during COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Arpacıoğlu Selim , Yalçın Murat , Türkmenoğlu Fatih , Ünübol Başak , Çelebi Çakıroğlu Oya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe geriatric population is supposed to be at high risk for psychological distress as well as adverse outcomes and mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, death anxiety and life satisfaction levels and factors related to life satisfaction in individuals aged 65 years and older during the pandemic and to compare these variables between nursing home (NH) and community‐dwelling older adults.MethodThis study has a cross‐sectional and descriptive design, and a total of 133 nursing NH and community‐dwelling older adults were enrolled in the study. Turkish death anxiety scale (TDAS), life satisfaction scale (SLS) and depression anxiety stress scale‐21 (DASS‐21) were used for the assessment.ResultsThe majority of the older adults had no or mild depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in spite of the prolonged confinements, and were slightly satisfied with their lives. However, depression, anxiety, stress and TDAS levels were higher in participants aged 80 years and older. Residents of NHs had higher TDAS, depression and anxiety levels and lower SLS levels than community‐dwelling older adults. Participants who were meeting their children and/or grandchildren less than 2 h a week, were found to have significantly lower SLS and higher depression scores. The increase in depression and TDAS scores predicted a decrease in SLS scores in older adults.ConclusionsAs NH resident older adults have higher psychological distress and decreased life satisfaction due to the social isolation caused by the prolonged confinements, NH staff should be regularly informed on both preventive measures and mental health consequences of the pandemic, and should be trained for basic therapeutic interventions. Older adults should be supported to use telecommunication technologies to contact their families and friends, and participate in safe and accessible person‐centred activity programs.
Efficient spatial designs using Hausdorff distances and Bayesian optimization
Authors: Paglia Jacopo , Eidsvik Jo , Karvanen Juha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn iterative Bayesian optimization technique is presented to find spatial designs of data that carry much information. We use the decision theoretic notion of value of information as the design criterion. Gaussian process surrogate models enable fast calculations of expected improvement for a large number of designs, while the full‐scale value of information evaluations are only done for the most promising designs. The Hausdorff distance is used to model the similarity between designs in the surrogate Gaussian process covariance representation, and this allows the suggested algorithm to learn across different designs. We study properties of the Bayesian optimization design algorithm in a synthetic example and real‐world examples from forest conservation and petroleum drilling operations. In the synthetic example we consider a model where the exact solution is available and we run the algorithm under different versions of this example and compare it with existing approaches such as sequential selection and an exchange algorithm.
DcCCD4 catalyzes the degradation of α‐carotene and β‐carotene to affect carotenoid accumulation and taproot color in carrot
Authors: Li Tong , Deng Yuan‐Jie , Liu Jie‐Xia , Duan Ao‐Qi , Liu Hui , Xiong Ai‐Sheng 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYCarotenoids are important natural pigments that give bright colors to plants. The difference in the accumulation of carotenoids is one of the key factors in the formation of various colors in carrot taproots. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), including CCD and 9‐cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, are the main enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in plants. Seven CCD genes have been annotated from the carrot genome. In this study, through expression analysis, we found that the expression level of DcCCD4 was significantly higher in the taproot of white carrot (low carotenoid content) than orange carrot (high carotenoid content). The overexpression of DcCCD4 in orange carrots caused the taproot color to be pale yellow, and the contents of α‐ and β‐carotene decreased sharply. Mutant carrot with loss of DcCCD4 function exhibited yellow color (the taproot of the control carrot was white). The accumulation of β‐carotene was also detected in taproot. Functional analysis of the DcCCD4 enzyme in vitro showed that it was able to cleave α‐ and β‐carotene at the 9, 10 (9′, 10′) double bonds. In addition, the number of colored chromoplasts in the taproot cells of transgenic carrots overexpressing DcCCD4 was significantly reduced compared with that in normal orange carrots. Results showed that DcCCD4 affects the accumulation of carotenoids through cleavage of α‐ and β‐carotene in carrot taproot.
Evaluation of a novel method to calculate cementless femoral stem level on craniocaudal projection radiographs
Authors: Brand Kenneth J. , Beale Brian S. , Hudson Caleb C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of a proportion‐corrected radiographic cementless femoral stem level calculation in a cadaver model.Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationTwelve cadaveric canine femurs.MethodsCementless femoral stems were implanted in 12 cadaver femurs at three stem levels. Craniocaudal projection radiographs of the implanted femurs were obtained at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 45° angulations in the sagittal plane (relative to the radiographic plate) and at 0°, 15°, and 30° internal and external axial rotation. A proportional calculation including actual stem length, radiographically measured stem length, and radiographically measured stem level relative to the greater trochanter (uncorrected stem level) was solved to yield a corrected stem level. The errors of the stem level measurements were compared.ResultsWith 0° or 15° of internal rotation, the true stem level differed by more than 0.5 mm from corrected stem level in 2 of 30 tested femoral positions. It differed from the uncorrected stem level in 10 of 30 positions. With 15° and 30° external rotation or 30° internal rotation, the corrected stem level was not more accurate than the uncorrected stem level for any femoral position.ConclusionUse of a proportion correction minimized variability in the stem‐level measurements due to sagittal angulation (up to 30°) of the femur at 0° or 15° of internal rotation.Clinical significanceA proportion correction can improve the accuracy of femoral stem‐level assessment on craniocaudal projection radiographs, which may aid in the detection of subsidence after cementless total hip replacement.
Geocenter Variations Assessment using Frequency Analysis and Allan Variance Method
Authors: Gourine Bachir , Khelifa Sofiane , Hasni Kamel , Bachir Belmehdi Farida 
Published: September 2021

The objective of this work is to characterize the signals and noises of Geocenter variations time series obtained from different space geodesy techniques as Global Positioning System (GPS), Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellite (DORIS), and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The proposed methodology is based on the estimation of periodic signals by performing frequency analysis using FAMOUS software (Frequency Analysis Mapping On Unusual Sampling) and evaluation of level and type of noises by Allan variance technique and Three Corned Hat (TCH) method. The available data concern 13 years (from 1993 to 2006) of weekly series of Geocenter residuals components and scale factor variations, according to ITRF2000. The results estimated are more accurate according to GPS and SLR of about 2-8 mm than DORIS of about 8-42 mm, for Geocenter. Better RMS of scale factor was obtained of about 0.1ppb (0.6mm) for GPS technique than SLR and DORIS with 0.6 and 0.9 ppb (3.6 and 5.4mm), respectively. The estimated seasonal signals amplitudes are in the range of few milimeters per technique with centimetre level for Z Geocenter component of DORIS. The Geocenter motion derived from SLR technique is more accurate and close to the geodynamic models. The noise analysis shows a dominant white noise in the SLR and DORIS Geocenter solutions at a level of 0.6-1 mm and 10-40 mm, respectively. However, the GPS solution is characterized by a flicker noise at millimetre level, relating to mismodeling systematic errors.
Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition
Authors: Becht, IV Charles 
Published: September 2021

Fully updated for the 2020 Edition of the ASME B31.3 Code, this fourth edition provides background information, historical perspective, and expert commentary on the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction. It provides the most complete coverage of the Code that is available today and is packed with additional information useful to those responsible for the design and mechanical integrity of process piping. The author and the primary contributor to the fourth edition, Don Frikken are a long-serving members, and Prior Chairmen, of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping Code committee.
Dr. Becht explains the principal intentions of the Code, covering the content of each of the Code's chapters. Book inserts cover special topics such as calculation of refractory lined pipe wall temperature, spring design, design for vibration, welding processes, bonding processes and expansion joint pressure thrust. Appendices in the book include useful information for pressure design and flexibility analysis as well as guidelines for computer flexibility analysis and design of piping systems with expansion joints. From the new designer wanting to known how to size a pipe wall thickness or design a spring to the expert piping engineer wanting to understand some nuance or intent of the code, everyone whose career involves process piping will find this to be a valuable reference.
Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Female Soccer Players: The Basque Female Football Cohort Study
Authors: Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Iturricastillo Aitor , Castellano Julen , Cadore Eduardo L. , Izquierdo Mikel , Setuain Igor 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To develop gender-specific operational equations for prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness in female footballers. Method: Forty-eight semiprofessional female footballers performed an intermittent progressive maximal running test for determination of fixed blood lactate concentration (FBLC) thresholds. Relationships between FBLC thresholds and the physiological responses to submaximal running were examined. Developed equations (n = 48) were compared with equations previously obtained in another investigation performed in males (n = 100). Results: Submaximal velocity associated with 90% maximal heart rate was related to FBLC thresholds (r = .76 to .79; P < .001). Predictive power (R2 = .82 to .94) of a single blood lactate concentration (BLC) sample measured at 10 or 11.5 km·h−1 was very high. A single BLC sample taken after a 5-minute running bout at 8.5 km·h−1 was related to FBLC thresholds (r = −.71; P < .001). No difference (P = .15) in the regression lines predicting FBLC thresholds from velocity associated with 90% maximal heart rate was observed between the female and male cohorts. However, regressions estimating FBLC thresholds by a single BLC sample were different (P = .002). Conclusions: Velocity associated with 90% maximal heart rate was robustly related to FBLC thresholds and might serve for mass field testing independently of sex. BLC equations accurately predicted FBLC thresholds. However, these equations are gender-specific. This is the first study reporting operational equations to estimate the FBLC thresholds in female footballers. The use of these equations reduces the burden associated with cardiorespiratory testing. Further cross-validation studies are warranted to validate the proposed equations and establish them for mass field testing.
Stressed and Not Sleeping: Poor Sleep and Psychological Stress in Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games
Authors: Halson Shona L. , Appaneal Renee N. , Welvaert Marijke , Maniar Nirav , Drew Michael K. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Psychological stress is reported to be an important contributor to reduced sleep quality and quantity observed in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological stress and sleep and to identify if specific aspects of sleep are disturbed. Methods: One hundred thirty-one elite athletes (mean [SD], male: n = 46, age 25.8 [4.1] y; female: n = 85, age 24.3 [3.9] y) from a range of sports completed a series of questionnaires in a 1-month period approximately 4 months before the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Questionnaires included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21); and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Regression analysis identified the PSS and DASS stress as the main variables associated with sleep. A PSS score of 6.5 or higher was associated with poor sleep. In addition, a PSS score lower than 6.5 combined with a DASS stress score higher than 4.5 was also associated with poor sleep. Univariate analyses on subcomponents of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index confirmed that PSS is associated with lower sleep quality (t99 = 2.40, P = .018), increased sleep disturbances (t99 = 3.37, P = .001), and increased daytime dysfunction (t99 = 2.93, P = .004). DASS stress was associated with increased sleep latency (t94 = 2.73, P = .008), increased sleep disturbances (t94 = 2.25, P = .027), and increased daytime dysfunction (t94 = 3.58, P = .001). Conclusions: A higher stress state and higher perceived stress were associated with poorer sleep, in particular increased sleep disturbances and increased daytime dysfunction. Data suggest that relatively low levels of psychological stress are associated with poor sleep in elite athletes.
Significance of New Harmony, Indiana, USA, to nineteenth-century paleontological investigations of North America: Progressive education through arts and sciences
Authors: Elliott Jr. William S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
William Maclure, Father of North American Geology, partnered with Robert Owen in 1825 to establish an experimental socialistic community focusing on equitable reform in New Harmony, Indiana, USA. Artists, educators, and natural scientists recruited from Philadelphia arrived on a keel boat named Philanthropist in January 1826. Upon their arrival, Maclure established the New Harmony schools using a modified Pestalozzian educational approach under the guidance of Madame Fretageot. The New Harmony schools focused on practical education through direct observation of nature as well as a curriculum involving drawing, music, science, writing, and trade skills such as carpentry, engraving, and printing. Furthermore, the integration of arts and sciences with hands-on experiences led to a productive community of natural scientists who published significant works on the conchology, geology, ichthyology, and paleontology of North America.
In the mid-nineteenth century, hand-drawn illustrations were reproduced through engravings, etchings, or lithography prior to the invention of the daguerreotype process in 1839, collodion wet plate process in 1851, and flexible celluloid film in 1888. In particular, the published works of David Dale Owen demonstrate the increasing importance of evolving reproduction techniques to paleontological illustration as well as the significance of hand-drawn artistic renderings. Interestingly, the modified Pestalozzian educational approach introduced by Maclure in New Harmony has several implications for the modern classroom. For instance, recent studies suggest that drawing improves spatial reasoning skills and increases comprehension of complex scientific principles. Likewise, engaging students in the drawing of fossils delivers a meaningful learning experience in the paleontology classroom.
Does the British Isles Paleocene dike swarm reflect the former location of the Iceland hotspot?
Authors: Dalziel* Ian W.D. , Lawver Lawrence A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The original location and tectonic setting of the prominent Paleocene dike swarm in the British Isles are reconstructed for a “tight fit” of the North Atlantic region prior to any Cenozoic opening of the ocean basin between Greenland and Europe. The present-day northwest-southeast–oriented swarm originally trended toward southern Greenland and the locations of magmatic rocks of comparable age along the eastern and western margins of Greenland and approximately the position of the Iceland hotspot at 70–60 Ma in a “fixed hotspot” model. This raises the possibility that the northeast-southwest–oriented extensional stress field in which the dikes and associated central igneous complexes were emplaced may have been generated by impingement on the base of the lithosphere by a rising plume beneath present-day West Greenland. It is speculated, on the basis of seismic tomography and three-dimensional modeling, that the Paleocene igneous activity in the British Isles may have resulted from flow of a hot “finger” of upper mantle outward from the plume, perhaps controlled by preexisting lithospheric structures and the distant location of a second Paleocene volcanic province in central Europe.
Procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography point-of-care testing to determine antibiotic prescription in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: pragmatic cluster randomised trial
Authors: Lhopitallier Loïc , Kronenberg Andreas , Meuwly Jean-Yves , Locatelli Isabella , Mueller Yolanda , Senn Nicolas , D’Acremont Valérie , Boillat-Blanco Noémie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether point-of care procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography can safely reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment in patients with lower respiratory tract infections in primary care.

Design
Three group, pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial from September 2018 to March 2020.

Setting
60 Swiss general practices.

Participants
One general practitioner per practice was included. General practitioners screen all patients with acute cough; patients with clinical pneumonia were included.

Interventions
Randomisation in a 1:1:1 of general practitioners to either antibiotics guided by sequential procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography point-of-care tests (UltraPro; n=152), procalcitonin guided antibiotics (n=195), or usual care (n=122).

Main outcomes
Primary outcome was proportion of patients in each group prescribed an antibiotic by day 28. Secondary outcomes included duration of restricted activities due to lower respiratory tract infection within 14 days.

Results

60 general practitioners included 469 patients (median age 53 years (interquartile range 38-66); 278 (59%) were female). Probability of antibiotic prescription at day 28 was lower in the procalcitonin group than in the usual care group (0.40
v
0.70, cluster corrected difference −0.26 (95% confidence interval −0.41 to −0.10)). No significant difference was seen between UltraPro and procalcitonin groups (0.41
v
0.40, −0.03 (−0.17 to 0.12)). The median number of days with restricted activities by day 14 was 4 days in the procalcitonin group and 3 days in the usual care group (difference 1 day (95% confidence interval −0.23 to 2.32); hazard ratio 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.97)), which did not prove non-inferiority.

Conclusions
Compared with usual care, point-of-care procalcitonin led to a 26% absolute reduction in the probability of 28 day antibiotic prescription without affecting patients’ safety. Point-of-care lung ultrasonography did not further reduce antibiotic prescription, although a potential added value cannot be excluded, owing to the wide confidence intervals.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03191071
.
Effect of C reactive protein point-of-care testing on antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections in nursing home residents: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Boere Tjarda M , van Buul Laura W , Hopstaken Rogier M , van Tulder Maurits W , Twisk Jos W M R , Verheij Theo J M , Hertogh Cees M P M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate whether C reactive protein point-of-care testing (CRP POCT) safely reduces antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections in nursing home residents.

Design
Pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting
The UPCARE study included 11 nursing home organisations in the Netherlands.

Participants
84 physicians from 11 nursing home organisations included 241 participants with suspected lower respiratory tract infections from September 2018 to the end of March 2020.

Interventions
Nursing homes allocated to the intervention group had access to CRP POCT. The control group provided usual care without CRP POCT for patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infections.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was antibiotic prescribing at initial consultation. Secondary outcome measures were full recovery at three weeks, changes in antibiotic management and additional diagnostics during follow-up at one week and three weeks, and hospital admission and all cause mortality at any point (initial consultation, one week, or three weeks).

Results

Antibiotics were prescribed at initial consultation for 84 (53.5%) patients in the intervention group and 65 (82.3%) in the control group. Patients in the intervention group had 4.93 higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 12.73) of not being prescribed antibiotics at initial consultation compared with the control group, irrespective of treating physician and baseline characteristics. The between group difference in antibiotic prescribing at any point from initial consultation to follow-up was 23.6%. Differences in secondary outcomes between the intervention and control groups were 4.4% in full recovery rates at three weeks (86.4%
v
90.8%), 2.2% in all cause mortality rates (3.5%
v
1.3%), and 0.7% in hospital admission rates (7.2%
v
6.5%). The odds of full recovery at three weeks, and the odds of mortality and hospital admission at any point did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions
CRP POCT for suspected lower respiratory tract infection safely reduced antibiotic prescribing compared with usual care in nursing home residents. The findings suggest that implementing CRP POCT in nursing homes might contribute to reduced antibiotic use in this setting and help to combat antibiotic resistance.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register NL5054