bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification
Authors: Gregor Luke , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ocean acidification has profoundly altered the ocean's carbonate chemistry since preindustrial times, with potentially serious consequences for marine life. Yet, no long-term, global observation-based data set exists that allows us to study changes in ocean acidification for all carbonate system parameters over the last few decades. Here, we fill this gap and present a methodologically consistent global data set of all relevant surface ocean parameters, i.e., dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, and the saturation state with respect to mineral CaCO3 (Ω) at a monthly resolution over the period 1985 through 2018 at a spatial resolution of 1∘×1∘. This data set, named OceanSODA-ETHZ, was created by extrapolating in time and space the surface ocean observations of pCO2 (from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, SOCAT) and total alkalinity (TA; from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project, GLODAP) using the newly developed Geospatial Random Cluster Ensemble Regression (GRaCER) method (code available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4455354, Gregor, 2021). This method is based on a two-step (cluster-regression) approach but extends it by considering an ensemble of such cluster regressions, leading to improved robustness. Surface ocean DIC, pH, and Ω were then computed from the globally mapped pCO2 and TA using the thermodynamic equations of the carbonate system. For the open ocean, the cluster-regression method estimates pCO2 and TA with global near-zero biases and root mean squared errors of 12 µatm and 13 µmol kg−1, respectively. Taking into account also the measurement and representation errors, the total uncertainty increases to 14 µatm and 21 µmol kg−1, respectively. We assess the fidelity of the computed parameters by comparing them to direct observations from GLODAP, finding surface ocean pH and DIC global biases of near zero, as well as root mean squared errors of 0.023 and 16 µmol kg−1, respectively. These uncertainties are very comparable to those expected by propagating the total uncertainty from pCO2 and TA through the thermodynamic computations, indicating a robust and conservative assessment of the uncertainties. We illustrate the potential of this new data set by analyzing the climatological mean seasonal cycles of the different parameters of the surface ocean carbonate system, highlighting their commonalities and differences. Further, this data set provides a novel constraint on the global- and basin-scale trends in ocean acidification for all parameters. Concretely, we find for the period 1990 through 2018 global mean trends of 8.6 ± 0.1 µmol kg−1 per decade for DIC, −0.016 ± 0.000 per decade for pH, 16.5 ± 0.1 µatm per decade for pCO2, and −0.07 ± 0.00 per decade for Ω. The OceanSODA-ETHZ data can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.25921/m5wx-ja34 (Gregor and Gruber, 2020).
2021 AAHA/AAFP Feline Life Stage Guidelines*
Authors: Quimby Jessica , Gowland Shannon , Carney Hazel C. , DePorter Theresa , Plummer Paula , Westropp Jodi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe guidelines, authored by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine, are an update and extension of the AAFP–AAHA Feline Life Stage Guidelines published in 2010. The guidelines are published simultaneously in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (volume 23, issue 3, pages 211–233, DOI: 10.1177/1098612X21993657) and the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (volume 57, issue 2, pages 51–72, DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7189). A noteworthy change from the earlier guidelines is the division of the cat’s lifespan into a five-stage grouping with four distinct age-related stages (kitten, young adult, mature adult, and senior) as well as an end-of-life stage, instead of the previous six. This simplified grouping is consistent with how pet owners generally perceive their cat’s maturation and aging process, and provides a readily understood basis for an evolving, individualized, lifelong feline healthcare strategy. The guidelines include a comprehensive table on the components of a feline wellness visit that provides a framework for systematically implementing an individualized life stage approach to feline healthcare. Included are recommendations for managing the most critical health-related factors in relation to a cat’s life stage. These recommendations are further explained in the following categories: behavior and environmental needs; elimination; life stage nutrition and weight management; oral health; parasite control; vaccination; zoonoses and human safety; and recommended diagnostics based on life stage. A discussion on overcoming barriers to veterinary visits by cat owners offers practical advice on one of the most challenging aspects of delivering regular feline healthcare.
Functional Outcome of Kyphoplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in Patients with Severe Disability Above 60 Years of Age: Mid to Long Term Follow up
Authors: Abdelrahman Taher , Smith Matthew , Opara Thompson N. , Ahmed Awaiz , Kotrba Michael 
Published: March 2021

Background. Vertebral osteoporotic fractures are a worldwide problem and can cause significant morbidity.
Material and methods. retrospective analysis reviewing functional outcome of 70 patients who underwent balloon-kyphoplasty(BK). Inclusion criteria, a-patients above 60 years of age b-symptomatic patients who failed conservative treatment c-radiological diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture(VCF). Primary outcome was evaluation of functional outcome in mid- (1-3 years) and long term (>3 years). Secondary outcomes a-analysis of the functional outcome of patients with severe disability or worse in mid- and long-term b-comparison of functional outcome between mid-term and long term follow-up c-correlate number of levels operated on with functional outcome.
Results: There were 70 patients with average age of 74 years. Lumbar and thoracic VCFs were included. Average follow-up was 2.7 years. Twenty-eight patients had long-term follow-up of ≥ 3 years and the remaining 42 had mid-term follow-up of > 1 year and < 3 years. All patients experienced clinical and statistically significant improvement in their Oswestry Disability Index score. This was the case in mid-term and long-term follow-up. This was also the case for patients presenting with severe disability. There was no correlation between the number of levels and functional outcome.
Conclusions. 1. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are fragility fractures and can be associated with significant morbidity. 2. Surgical treatment can help improve functional outcome on failure of conservative treatment. 3. Balloon kyphoplasty can significantly improve pa­tients’ functional outcome in mid-term and long-term follow-up including patients presenting with severe disability or worse. 4.	This study is of value in consenting kyphoplasty patients as they can expect an improvement in their disability in the mid-to-long term
Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites for Improving Impact Properties
Authors: SHEN Chuanliang , XU Xiaodong , MA Xiaoyu , HU Yibo , ZHANG Shan , DU Yingchen , GAO Zhenhai 
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the method to improve the property that can decrease the impact response of composite plate. Embedding the super-elastic shape memory alloy wires into composite plates has increased the attention of material researchers. Super-elastic shape memory alloy has the properties of absorbing mechanical energy, large recoverable deformation and so on. In this study, experiments were conducted to analyze the impact properties of composite plates with Ni-Ti SMA wires. Composite plates with Ni-Ti SMA wires and without Ni-Ti SMA wires were subjected to two impacts respectively. This study measured the responses of two impacts. The results showed that the composite plate with Ni-Ti SMA wires were subjected to a second impact with a peak deflection of 5.47 mm, which was only 0.22 mm larger than the first impact. The relevant data of the composite plate without Ni-Ti SMA wires were 9.02 mm, 1.22 mm, and serious damage occurred. It was verified that the Ni-Ti SMA wires improved the impact resistance of the composite plate. After studying the impact tests of variable diameters of SMA wires embedded at the low layer of composite plate, it was shown that as the diameter of SMA wires increased, the impact resistance of composite plates was improved.
You Are Here
Authors: Phillips Whitney , Milner Ryan M. 
Published: March 2021

How to understand a media environment in crisis, and how to make things better by approaching information ecologically.
Our media environment is in crisis. Polarization is rampant. Polluted information floods social media. Even our best efforts to help clean up can backfire, sending toxins roaring across the landscape. In You Are Here, Whitney Phillips and Ryan Milner offer strategies for navigating increasingly treacherous information flows. Using ecological metaphors, they emphasize how our individual me is entwined within a much larger we, and how everyone fits within an ever-shifting network map.
Phillips and Milner describe how our poisoned media landscape came into being, beginning with the Satanic Panics of the 1980s and 1990s—which, they say, exemplify “network climate change”—and proceeding through the emergence of trolling culture and the rise of the reactionary far right (as well as its amplification by journalists) during and after the 2016 election. They explore the history of conspiracy theories in the United States, focusing on those concerning the Deep State; explain why old media literacy solutions fail to solve new media literacy problems; and suggest how we can navigate the network crisis more thoughtfully, effectively, and ethically. We need a network ethics that looks beyond the messages and the messengers to investigate toxic information's downstream effects.
Establishing intellectual disability as the key feature of patients with biallelic RNPC3 variants
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Ono Masae , Ishii Tomohiro , Suzuki Hisato , Uehara Tomoko , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSome mammalian genes contain both major and minor introns, the splicing of which require distinctive major and minor spliceosomes, respectively; these genes are referred to as minor intron containing‐genes. RNPC3 (RNA‐binding domain‐containing protein 3) is one of the proteins that are unique to the minor spliceosome U11/U12 di‐snRNP. Only two families with biallelic pathogenic variants in the RNPC3 gene encoding the protein have been reported so far, and the affected members in both families had proportional short stature. While the affected members of the originally identified family did not have intellectual disability, the patients from the other family exhibited intellectual disability. Here, we report on a patient with severe primordial microcephalic dwarfism and intellectual disability who carried compound heterozygous variants in RNPC3 (NM_017619.3): c.261dup, p.Leu88Thrfs*11 and c.1228T>G, p.Phe410Val. The single nucleotide substitution c.1228T>G had a very high predictive score for pathogenicity: the p.Phe410 residue is highly conserved down to fish. Based on ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guideline, this non‐synonymous variant was scored as likely pathogenic. This documentation of yet another patient with biallelic RNPC3 variants exhibiting intellectual disability lends further support to the notion that intellectual disability is a key feature of the spectrum of RNPC3‐related disorders.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Cogstate Brief Battery for prevalent MCI and prodromal AD (MCI A+T+) in a population‐based sample
Authors: Alden Eva C. , Pudumjee Shehroo B. , Lundt Emily S. , Albertson Sabrina M. , Machulda Mary M. , Kremers Walter K. , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Mielke Michelle M. , Stricker Nikki H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a population‐based sample.MethodsParticipants included adults ages 50+ classified as cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 2866) or MCI (n = 226), and a subset with amyloid (A) and tau (T) positron emission tomography who were AD biomarker negative (A–T–) or had prodromal AD (A+T+).ResultsDiagnostic accuracy of the Learning/Working Memory Composite (Lrn/WM) for discriminating all CU and MCI was moderate (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.75), but improved when discriminating CU A–T– and MCI A+T+ (AUC = 0.93) and when differentiating MCI participants without AD biomarkers from those with prodromal AD (AUC = 0.86). Conventional cut‐offs yielded lower than expected sensitivity for both MCI (38%) and prodromal AD (73%).DiscussionClinical utility of the CBB for detecting MCI in a population‐based sample is lower than expected. Caution is needed when using currently available CBB normative data for clinical interpretation.
Alzheimer's disease alters oligodendrocytic glycolytic and ketolytic gene expression
Authors: Saito Erin R. , Miller Justin B. , Harari Oscar , Cruchaga Carlos , Mihindukulasuriya Kathie A. , Kauwe John S. K. , Bikman Benjamin T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly correlated with impaired brain glucose metabolism, which may affect AD onset and progression. Ketolysis has been suggested as an alternative pathway to fuel the brain.MethodsRNA‐seq profiles of post mortem AD brains were used to determine whether dysfunctional AD brain metabolism can be determined by impairments in glycolytic and ketolytic gene expression. Data were obtained from the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (62 cases; 13 controls), Mount Sinai Brain Bank (110 cases; 44 controls), and the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank (80 cases; 76 controls), and were normalized to cell type: astrocytes, microglia, neurons, oligodendrocytes.ResultsIn oligodendrocytes, both glycolytic and ketolytic pathways were significantly impaired in AD brains. Ketolytic gene expression was not significantly altered in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia.DiscussionOligodendrocytes may contribute to brain hypometabolism observed in AD. These results are suggestive of a potential link between hypometabolism and dysmyelination in disease physiology. Additionally, ketones may be therapeutic in AD due to their ability to fuel neurons despite impaired glycolytic metabolism.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations for Biomass Valorization over Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Yeh Jyun‐Yi , Li Shih‐Cheng , Chen Celine H. , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Li Yi‐Pei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic framework (MOF) in biomass valorization is a promising technology developed in recent decades. By tailoring both the metal nodes and organic ligands, MOFs exhibit multiple functionalities, which not only extend their applicability in biomass conversion but also increase the complexity of material designs. To address this issue, quantum mechanical simulations have been used to provide mechanistic insights into the catalysis of biomass‐derived molecules, which could potentially facilitate the development of novel MOF‐based materials for biomass valorization. The aim of this review is to survey recent quantum mechanical simulations on biomass reactions occurring in MOF catalysts, with the emphasis on the studies of the catalytic activity of active sites and the effects of organic ligand and porous structures on the kinetics. Moreover, different model systems and computational methods used for MOF simulations are also surveyed and discussed in this review.
Potable Reuse Trends and Challenges: A Conversation With the Editorial Board of the AWWA Water Science Topical Collection on Potable Reuse
Authors: Howe Kerry J. , Alspach Brent , Bellona Christopher , Minton Julie , Tchobanoglous George 
Published: March 2021

Key TakeawaysIn 2020, AWWA Water Science published a topical collection on potable reuse that aimed to address questions raised by increasing demand for water reuse.Topics in the collection included source water management, pathogen detection and treatment, communications and outreach, and socioeconomics of potable reuse.In an interview, the collection's guest editors discuss the lessons they have learned and the future challenges for potable reuse regulation and research.Improving the feasibility and adoption of potable reuse will require additional research to ensure that it continues to be a safe and reliable water supply.
Perspectives and controversies regarding the use of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Wen Tingting , Song Lei , Hua Shucheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality both in men and women and accounts for 18.4% of all cancer‐related deaths. Although advanced therapy methods have been developed, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains extremely poor. Over the past few decades, clinicians and researchers have found that chemical compounds extracted from natural products may be useful for treating lung cancer. Drug formulations derived from natural compounds, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, have been successfully used as chemotherapeutics for lung cancer. In recent years, hundreds of new natural compounds that can be used to treat lung cancer have been found through basic and sub‐clinical research. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of drugs that have been used in a clinical setting. The probable reasons may include low solubility, limited absorption, unfavorable metabolism, and severe side effects. In this review, we present a summary of the natural compounds that have been proven to be effective for the treatment of lung cancer, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. We have also highlighted current controversies and have attempted to provide solutions for the clinical translation of these compounds.
Reparative cell therapy for the heart: critical internal appraisal of the field in response to recent controversies
Authors: Povsic Thomas J. , Sanz‐Ruiz Ricardo , Climent Andreu M. , Bolli Roberto , Taylor Doris A. , Gersh Bernard J. , Menasché Philippe , Perin Emerson C. , Pompilio Giulio , Atsma Douwe E. , Badimon Lina , DeMaria Anthony N. , Hare Joshua M. , Henry Timothy D. , Janssens Stefan , Kastrup Jens , Torella Daniele , Traverse Jay H. , Willerson James T. , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe concept that cell‐based repair of myocardial injury might be possible was introduced almost two decades ago; however, the field of cardiovascular reparative medicine has been criticized as translation to clinically effective approaches has been slow. The recent retraction of a series of papers has further impacted perception of this area of research. As researchers, clinicians, and teachers in this field, we felt it incumbent to critically appraise the current state of cardiac cell repair, determine what can be learned from past mistakes, and formulate best practices for future work. This special communication summarizes an introspective assessment of what has fallen short, how to prevent similar issues, and how the field might best move forward in the service of science and patients.
Voltammetric Determination of Neotame by Using Chitosan/Nickelnanoparticles/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Biocomposite as a Modifier
Authors: İncebay Hilal , Saylakci Rumeysa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA selective and simple biosensor was prepared by immobilizing chitosan/nickelnanoparticles/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes biocomposite on the glassy carbon electrode surface for voltammetric quantification of neotame. The properties and morphology of the modified electrode surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Electro oxidation of neotame on this modified surface was examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. The biocomposite modified surface (Chi/NiNPs/MWCNTs/GCE) proposed in this study showed good electrocatalytic activity for neotame with an improved voltammetric peak current at 1.004 V, unlike the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and several other modified surfaces. Under optimum conditions, Chi/NiNPs/MWCNTs/GCE gave linear SWV responses at the range of 2 μM ∼50 μM for neotame with 0.84 μM determination limit. This voltammetric sensor was successfully employed for the quantification of neotame on food samples and showed long‐term stability, advanced voltammetric behavior, and good repeatability. Selective, accurate, and precise determination of neotame highlight the importance of this electrode in monitoring the control of food additives and ensures attract a great deal of attention.
Gaseous emissions from co‐combustion of biosolids from the meat processing industry with wood
Authors: Virmond Elaine , Albrecht Waldir , Althoff Christine A. , Andersen Silvia L. F. , de Sena Rennio F. , Moreira Regina F. P. M. , José Humberto J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlotation sludge from the meat processing industry can be applied as biofuel in already existing plant‐scale boilers. This biosolid is rich in oil and grease and has higher energetic content on a dry ash‐free basis (22.74 and 27.71 MJ kg−1) than the wood‐based fuel (16.62 and 16.16 MJ kg−1). Co‐combustion trials were performed at a pilot‐scale cyclonic combustor (100 kg h−1) and at an industrial flamotubular rotatory grate‐fired system (6000 kg h−1), co‐firing pre‐dried and centrifuged flotation sludges (respectively) and wood at a mass ratio of 1:3. At a moisture content of 60.13 wt%, the lower heating value of the centrifuged sludge was 10.24% lower compared to wood, thus reducing it to at least 40 wt% would be advisable to obtain energy gains in the industrial plant when operating the co‐combustion. The emissions were evaluated and compared to emission standards, including the characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (given as Toxicity Equivalent Factors at O2ref = 7%), which have not yet been reported. The 16 target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified at pilot and plant scales (0.582 ± 0.143 μg Nm−3 and 0.602 ± 0.506 μg Nm−3, respectively) being lower than the Danish reference standard (5.0 μg Nm−3). The polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans concentrations were 0.0004 ± 0.0001 ng Nm−3 at pilot scale and 0.3617 ± 0.1310 ng Nm−3 at plant scale, both below the Brazilian and American standards but differed greatly between the scales, requiring further investigation since their formation can occur due to combustion and postcombustion conditions.