bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Rawls through Herman Dooyeweerd
Authors: Medeiros do Nascimento Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

This paper, by the means of a bibliographical review, aims to debate the due place of religion on political discourse. In order to do so, John Rawls’ works and propositions towards a political discourse built without the influence of religion is going to be critically read through the perspective of the Cosmonomical Philosophy, defended by Herman Dooyeweerd. The center of the debate is the human self, and what is the source of the unseen commitments that all theoretical currents have. John Rawls defends that it’s possible for a human being to be striped away of its contingencies and properties and still function correctly in the public arena. It’s the veil of ignorance proposition, which states that inside every human being lies it’s reason applied to a retributive notion of justice. On the other hand, Herman Dooyeweerd asserts that reason is not the source of political human activity, but religion is, since the human self is deeply and essentially religious. According to Herman Dooyeweerd, the human self is built around it’s Origin, and only it’s Origin is able to give meaning to the individual. That being said, after the ontological and epistemological debates, this work proposes a broad interpretation to the eighteenth article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, guaranteeing the right of every parliamentarian that professes a religious creed to express its political opinion based on said creed.
Subordinação na Trindade
Authors: Gomes Jorhanna Isabelle , De Vasconcelos Lima Helloah Wictoria 
Published: June 2021

RESUMO
Diferentes posicionamentos acerca do relacionamento existente entre o Pai e o Filho na Trindade têm feito parte das discussões teológicas. Mesmo entre os teólogos cristãos que concordam acerca das doutrinas primárias da fé cristã, há o questionamento se a Subordinação do Filho ao Pai é eterna ou não. O objetivo deste estudo é proporcionar um rico debate acerca do contraste das visões de Subordinação Eterna e Temporal. Dessa forma, será apresentada uma visão geral dos teólogos Ferreira e Myatt; em contraposição ao pensamento de Grudem acerca da temática. O artigo foi desenvolvido através do método bibliográfico, com pesquisa de abordagem dedutiva. De acordo com o pensamento de Grudem, a subordinação do Filho ao Pai na Trindade é eterna e referente ao relacionamento. Já Ferreira e Myatt defendem que o Pai e o Filho estão eternamente em um relacionamento de filiação, entretanto isso não implica em uma subordinação ou sujeição eterna. Para eles, há uma incoerência ao afirmar que o Cristo se submete a vontade divina, pois, do mesmo modo que existe uma só natureza divina, também existe uma só vontade divina. Por fim, se faz importante compreender de forma justa os dois posicionamentos, possibilitando um debate saudável e proveitoso.
Manifestaciones Neurológicas y COVID-19
Authors: Peña Susana Lissete , Bello Quezada Manuel Enrique , Segura Lemus Víctor 
Published: June 2021

Introducción. El nuevo coronavirus, denominado COVID-19, es un betacoronavirus asociado a síntomas respiratorios que van desde un cuadro respiratorio leve hasta cuadros severos, que implican compromiso de varios órganos blanco como los sistemas pulmonar, renal, cardiovascular, nervioso, de la coagulación y se asocian a diversas complicaciones que ensombrecen el pronóstico. El órgano blanco afectado está determinado por la expresión de receptores para angiotensina II, que además se encuentran en el tejido nervioso, presentes en estructuras vitales en el control cardiorespiratorio. Es así como, se han descrito manifestaciones neurológicas, en estudios publicados alrededor del mundo que aún no son concluyentes, donde se asocian a una afección directa de las estructuras nerviosas o producto de complicaciones sistémicas. Objetivos: compilar las vías de entrada del COVID-19, mecanismos de afección y manifestaciones neurológicas más frecuentes descritas en la literatura. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada desde el 01 de diciembre de 2019 al 31 de diciembre 2020 sobre manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con infección por COVID-19. Resultados. Se describieron las vías de entrada al sistema nervioso transneuronal (por vías nasal, oftálmica o gustativa) y hematógena. Las manifestaciones neurológicas más frecuentes fueron alteraciones del olfato y gusto, cefalea, vértigo, mareo, alteraciones de la conciencia, polineuropatías tipo «Síndrome de Guillain Barré» y eventos cerebrovasculares. El tratamiento actual fue sintomático según el tipo de lesión neurológica. Conclusión. Deben realizarse estudios prospectivos, que determinen la asociación directa entre la infección por COVID-19 y las manifestaciones neurológicas descritas.
Preventing Acute Kidney Injury and Hypotension After Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty Is Possible: An Update to an Established Multidisciplinary Protocol
Authors: Malige Ajith , Carmona Aldo , Roscher Christopher , Herman Daniel , Filipkowski Amy , Rowbotham Jaclyn , Sgro Jessica , Gould William , DeLong William , Gayner Robert 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Based on preoperative and perioperative risk factors that have been found to correlate with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), our institution developed a protocol aimed at managing and improving outcomes in all elective THA and TKA patients. This article highlights the continued success and growth of our protocol aimed at decreasing AKI and hypotension in elective total joint arthroplasty patients.

Method:
A multidisciplinary team comprising orthopaedic surgeons, nephrologists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and internal medicine hospitalists created a comprehensive protocol aimed at decreasing complications after elective joint arthroplasty and improving clinical outcomes across multiple hospitals. Patient demographics, hospital length of stay, readmission rates, mortality, and postoperative AKI and hypotension incidences were recorded and compared between preprotocol phase I (initial protocol implementation) and phase II (protocol expansion across 10 hospitals) patient cohorts.

Results:
Overall, 3,222 patients over 56 months and 10 hospitals were included. Our phase II AKI rate (0.6%) was significantly lower than our preprotocol rate (6.2%, P < 0.01) and statistically similar to our phase I rate (1.2%, P = 0.61). Our hypotension rate in phase II (6.8%) was significantly lower than our preprotocol rate (12.7%, P < 0.01) but statistically similar to our phase I rate (5.9%, P = 0.40). Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in hospital length of stay (P < 0.01) over time, but no difference was observed in readmission (P = 0.59) and mortality rates (P = 1.00) over time.

Discussion:
This protocol-driven interventional study provides a detailed and successful multidisciplinary method to manage and decrease rates of AKI and hypotension in a large patient cohort across multiple hospital centers.
Cultura cidadã no Brasil: aproximações entre educação fiscal e gestão social
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo José Lima , Lima Isnaya Almeida Brandão 
Published: June 2021

Gestão Social e Educação Fiscal são temas recentes que problematizam a questão da cidadania como instrumento regulador da relação Estado e sociedade, a partir de um processo de formação cultural, voltado à conscientização dos cidadãos. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a aproximação dos temas educação fiscal e gestão social, baseado na perspectiva de construção da cultura cidadã no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise crítica em aportes teóricos de trabalhos publicados a respeito dos temas, na forma de uma revisão narrativa, com o intuito de melhor apresentar as discussões sobre as matérias. Inicialmente, apresenta-se um resgate histórico do processo de formação do Estado brasileiro, com maior enfoque para as questões político-sociais. Em seguida, aborda-se a influência internacional na construção da cultura cidadã do país, os principais conceitos de cultura política, social e cidadã, além das transformações sociais e populacionais ocorridas no Brasil, desde a colonização portuguesa. Após, expõe-se as principais aproximações e características comuns que tornam a educação fiscal e a gestão social, políticas com forte poder de transformação da sociedade, enfatizando que o somatório da educação fiscal com a gestão social alimenta a esperança por dias melhores, já que possuem a participação popular (cidadão) como a principal estratégia de mudança social no país.
Integrated approach to women's health
Authors: Pinotti J.A. , Tojal M.L.V.A.A. , Nisida A.C.T. , Pinotti M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to demonstrate the importance of the practical application of the concept of reproductive health in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 1998 at the Pérola Byington Hospital with a new model of Primary Health Care (PHC) in which 2000 women/day, separated into two groups and over 45 years, was attended by nurses trained to detect the most frequently occurring gynecological problems supervised by doctors, who finalized the visit of each patient. The results demonstrated the advantages and viability of this strategy and also the bad health conditions of the women. Based on the high incidence of different kind of diseases detected, programs were set up for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancer, STD, AIDS, hypertension, diabetes, etc. The results of two of these control programs, cervical cancer and breast cancer, demonstrated a significant increase in the diagnosis of early lesions. An economic study demonstrated an obvious and significant impact of this model not only in saving lives, but also in decreasing financial expenses in health.
Prenatal diagnosis of Osteogenesis imperfecta type II
Authors: Tongsong T. , Wanapirak C. , Siriangkul S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To characterize the prenatal sonographic features of Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II. Design: Descriptive (case series). Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai University. Subjects: Six fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of OI were evaluated. Results: Six fetuses were prenatally diagnosed as OI type II in five mothers without familial history of the disease. One mother had two consecutive pregnancies complicated with this condition. The first five cases were classified as OI type IIA, while the last one was OI type IIB. All of subtype A exhibited typical triad of bone shortening, diffuse hypomineralization and multiple fractures of long bones including beaded ribs whereas the subtype B showed shortening of only femurs, normal bone echodensity and isolated fractures of long bones. The postnatal radiography and autopsy confirmed the prenatal diagnosis in all cases. Other findings may occasionally be found, including polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, hydrop fetalis and small for gestational age. Conclusion: The triad of bone shortening, decreased bone density and numerous fractures including beaded ribs permits a confident diagnosis of OI type IIA. Furthermore, sonographic features may differentiate the subtype of OI type II, depending on degree of bone shortening and echodensity.
Today's treatments: how do you choose?
Authors: Barlow D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To provide a view on how the clinician can select appropriate treatment when managing individual patients with endometriosis. Methods: Review of randomized controlled trials and personal experience. Results: The main determinants of therapy choice are personal experience and patient acceptability. Placebo‐controlled trial results support the use of naproxen, dydrogesterone, danazol and leuprolide for pain relief. Laser laparoscopy is more effective than expectant management for pain relief. In direct comparisons, oral contraceptives, Zoladex, danazol, gestrinone, nafarelin and leuprolide have similar efficacies in relieving pain, but have different side‐effect profiles. In controlled trials, only laser laparoscopy was shown to improve fertility in minimal/mild disease. The physiological response of bone metabolism to GnRH agonist therapy should be seen in context and the place of add‐back regimens understood. The general medical history of the patient must be considered when choosing therapy. Conclusions: The clinician must provide the patient with appropriate information on the treatment options to allow her to make an informed choice.
Prenatal protein restriction alters synaptic mechanisms of callosal connections in the rat visual cortex
Authors: Soto‐Moyano R. , Alarcón S. , Belmar J. , Kusch C. , Pérez H. , Ruiz S. , Hernández A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMild prenatal protein malnutrition, induced by reduction of the casein content of the maternal diet from 25 to 8%, calorically compensated by the addition of excess carbohydrates, leads to so‐called “hidden” malnutrition in the rat. This form of malnutrition results in normal body and brain weights of pups at birth, but in significant alterations of their central nervous system neurochemical profiles. Since severe forms of prenatal malnutrition induce morpho‐functional deficits on callosal interhemispheric communication together with brain neurochemical disturbances, we evaluated, in rats born from mothers submitted to an 8% casein diet, the potassium‐induced release of [3H]‐noradrenaline in visual cortex slices, as well as functional properties of callosal‐cortical synapses by determining cerebral cortical excitability to callosal inputs and fatigability and temporal summation of transcallosal evoked responses. Rats born from mothers submitted to a 25% casein diet served as controls. At birth prenatally malnourished pups had significantly higher cortical percent net noradrenaline release (14.79±1.11) than controls (9.14±1.26). At 45–50 days of age, rehabilitated previously malnourished rats showed, when compared to controls : (i) significantly reduced percent net noradrenaline release in the visual cortex (4.50±0.52 vs 11.31±1.14) ; (ii) decreased cortical excitability to callosal inputs as revealed by significantly increased chronaxie (607.2±82.8 μs vs 351.3±47.7 μs) ; (iii) enhanced fatigability of transcallosal evoked responses as revealed by significantly decreased stimulus frequency required to fatigate the responses (4.9±0.8 Hz vs 9.2±1.3 Hz) ; and (iv) decreased ability of callosal‐cortical synapses to perform temporal summation, as revealed by significantly reduced percent response increment to double‐shock (54.2±6.2 vs 83.0±11.0, for a 3.2‐ms interstimulus time interval). These changes, resulting from mild prenatal protein restriction, are discussed in relationship to developmental processes leading to the formation of synaptic contacts between callosal axons and their appropriate cortical target during perinatal age.
Prenatal experience and postnatal stress modulate the adult neurosteroid and catecholaminergic stress responses
Authors: Zimmerberg Betty , Brown Rachel C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAllopregnanolone (3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐regnan‐20‐one) is a neuroactive steroid recently shown to be involved in the neurochemical stress response via its positive modulation of the GABAA receptor complex. This experiment investigated the effects of postnatal stress (daily maternal separation during the first week of life) on the subsequent adult response to a stressor (10 min forced swim) in Long–Evans rats from one of three prenatal treatment groups (alcohol, pair‐fed and control). Indices of stress response were allopregnanolone concentrations in plasma, cortex and hippocampus, and dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum. Females had higher levels of allopregnanolone than males in both plasma and brain. Prenatal alcohol exposure combined with early maternal separation stress resulted in an increase in the endogenous levels of allopregnanolone in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adult offspring in response to a stressor compared to subjects without a prior history of postnatal stress ; this effect was greater in females. This increased allopregnanolone was also associated with decreased dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex. In the prenatal alcohol‐exposed offspring, postnatal maternal separation blunted the increase in dopamine levels in the striatum seen in both control groups. Postnatal maternal separation increased norepinephrine levels in the nucleus accumbens regardless of prenatal experience, while in the prefrontal cortex only prenatal diet condition (pair‐feeding and alcohol) resulted in lower norepinephrine levels. The results of this experiment suggest that experience, both pre‐ and postnatal, can have long‐term consequences for the developing neurochemical responses to stressors.
Comparing lending decisions of minority‐owned and White‐owned banks
Authors: Black Harold A. , Robinson Breck L. , Schweitzer Robert L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA recent paper by Black, Collins and Cyree [J. Financ. Serv. Res. 11 (1997) 189.] attempted to determine if Black‐owned banks discriminated against Black applicants for mortgage credit. They concluded that Black applicants were more likely to be rejected than White applicants when applying for mortgage credit at a Black‐owned bank. However, the use of the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as the geographic delineation from which minority‐owned and non‐minority‐owned banks are compared may not provide a narrowly defined market from which an accurate comparison can be made. Here, the zip code cluster technique developed by Clair [Econ. Rev. (1988) 11.] is used to control for differences in applicant base that may result when using a broader geographic definition such as an MSA. The results reported in this study show that contrary to the results of Black, Collins and Cyree, Black‐owned banks are not statistically more likely to reject Black applicants. The study also considers Asian‐owned and Hispanic‐owned banks. The results show that Asian‐owned banks are equally as likely to provide a mortgage to Asian applicants, while Hispanic applicants are more likely to receive a mortgage from a Hispanic‐owned bank.
Formulation of a Composite Nasal Spray Enabling Enhanced Surface Coverage and Prophylaxis of SARS‐COV‐2
Authors: Moakes Richard J. A. , Davies Scott P. , Stamataki Zania , Grover Liam M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAirborne pathogens pose high risks in terms of both contraction and transmission within the respiratory pathways, particularly the nasal region. However, there is little in the way of adequate intervention that can protect an individual or prevent further spread. This study reports on a nasal formulation with the capacity to combat such challenges, focusing on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Formulation of a polysaccharide‐based spray, known for its mucoadhesive properties, is undertaken and it is characterized for its mechanical, spray distribution, and antiviral properties. The ability to engineer key mechanical characteristics such as dynamic yield stresses and high coverage is shown, through systematic understanding of the composite mixture containing both gellan and λ‐carrageenan. Furthermore, the spray systems demonstrate highly potent capacities to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Vero cells, resulting in complete inhibition when either treating, the cells, or the virus, prior to challenging for infection. From this data, a mechanism for both prophylaxis and prevention is proposed; where entrapment within a polymeric coating sterically blocks virus uptake into the cells, inactivating the virus, and allowing clearance within the viscous medium. As such, a fully preventative spray is formulated, targeted at protecting the lining of the upper respiratory pathways against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Four‐Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non‐Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups**
Authors: Grau Benedikt W. , Dill Maximilian , Hampel Frank , Kahnt Axel , Jux Norbert , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHexaarylbenzene (HAB) derivatives are versatile aromatic systems playing a significant role as chromophores, liquid crystalline materials, molecular receptors, molecular‐scale devices, organic light‐emitting diodes and candidates for organic electronics. Statistical synthesis of simple symmetrical HABs is known via cyclotrimerization or Diels–Alder reactions. By contrast, the synthesis of more complex, asymmetrical systems, and without involvement of statistical steps, remains an unsolved problem. Here we present a generally applicable synthetic strategy to access asymmetrical HAB via an atom‐economical and high‐yielding metal‐free four‐step domino reaction using nitrostyrenes and α,α‐dicyanoolefins as easily available starting materials. Resulting domino product—functionalized triarylbenzene (TAB)—can be used as a key starting compound to furnish asymmetrically substituted hexaarylbenzenes in high overall yield and without involvement of statistical steps. This straightforward domino process represents a distinct approach to create diverse and still unexplored HAB scaffolds, containing six different aromatic rings around central benzene core.
Post‐Synthetic Modification Unlocks a 2D‐to‐3D Switch in MOF Breathing Response: A Single‐Crystal‐Diffraction Mapping Study
Authors: Carrington Elliot J. , Dodsworth Stephen F. , van Meurs Sandra , Warren Mark R. , Brammer Lee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPost‐synthetic modification (PSM) of the interpenetrated diamondoid metal–organic framework (Me2NH2)[In(BDC‐NH2)2] (BDC‐NH2=aminobenzenedicarboxylate) SHF‐61 proceeds quantitatively in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner to yield the acetamide derivative (Me2NH2)[In(BDC‐NHC(O)Me)2] SHF‐62. Continuous breathing behaviour during activation/desolvation is retained upon PSM, but pore closing now leads to ring‐flipping to avert steric clash of amide methyl groups of the modified ligands. This triggers a reduction in the amplitude of the breathing deformation in the two dimensions associated with pore diameter, but a large increase in the third dimension associated with pore length. The MOF is thereby converted from predominantly 2D breathing (in SHF‐61) to a distinctly 3D breathing motion (in SHF‐62) indicating a decoupling of the pore‐width and pore‐length breathing motions. These breathing motions have been mapped by a series of single‐crystal diffraction studies.
Synthesizing Photoluminescent Au28(SCH2Ph‐tBu)22 Nanoclusters with Structural Features by Using a Combined Method
Authors: Dong Jingwu , Gan Zibao , Gu Wanmiao , You Qing , Zhao Yan , Zha Jun , Li Jin , Deng Haiteng , Yan Nan , Wu Zhikun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a method for atomically precise nanocluster synthesis. As an illustration, we introduced the reducing‐ligand induction combined method and synthesized a novel nanocluster, which was determined to be Au28(SCH2Ph‐tBu)22 with the same number of gold atoms as existing Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters but different ligands (hetero‐composition‐homo‐size). Compared with the latter, the former has distinct properties and structures. In particular, a novel kernel evolution pattern is reported, i.e., the quasi‐linear growth of Au4‐tetrahedron by sharing one vertex and structural features, including a tritetrahedron kernel with two bridging thiolates and two Au6(SCH2Ph‐tBu)6 hexamer chair‐like rings on the kernel surface were also first reported, which endow Au28(SCH2Ph‐tBu)22 with the best photoluminescence quantum yield among hydrophobic thiolated gold nanoclusters so far, probably due to the enhanced charge transfer from the bi‐ring to the kernel via Au−Au bonds.