bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in motor nerve excitability in acute phase Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Drenthen Judith , Islam Badrul , Islam Zhahirul , Mohammad Quazi D. , Maathuis Ellen M. , Visser Gerhard H. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Blok Joleen H. , Endtz Hubert P. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe most common subtypes of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). In the first days after the onset of weakness, standard nerve conduction studies (NCS) may not distinguish GBS subtypes. Reduced nerve excitability may be an early symptom of nerve dysfunction, which can be determined with the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan. The aim of this study was to explore whether early changes in motor nerve excitability in GBS patients are related to various subtypes.MethodsProspective case–control study in 19 GBS patients from The Netherlands and 22 from Bangladesh. CMAP scans were performed within 2 days of hospital admission and NCS 7–14 days after onset of weakness. CMAP scans were also performed in age‐ and country‐matched controls.ResultsCMAP scan patterns of patients who were classified as AMAN were distinctly different compared to the CMAP scan patterns of the patients who were classified as AIDP. The most pronounced differences were found in the stimulus intensity parameters.ConclusionsCMAP scans made at hospital admission demonstrate several characteristics that can be used as an early indicator of GBS subtype.
Recent advances of biomass carbon dots on syntheses, characterization, luminescence mechanism, and sensing applications
Authors: Lou Ying , Hao Xinyu , Liao Lei , Zhang Kaiyou , Chen Shuoping , Li Ziyuan , Ou Jun , Qin Aimiao , Li Zhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon dots have attracted much attention due to their high fluorescence intensity, easy modification, good stability, and biocompatibility. However, the realization of low‐cost mass production of high‐quality carbon dots still faces great challenges. Biomass is of non‐toxic and environmentally friendly organism, but a lot of biomass is treated as waste for burning and landfill at present, causing irreparable pollution to the environment. In fact, many biomass resources are ideal candidates for preparing carbon dots. This review focuses on carbon dots including carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) which using biomass as carbon source on the aspects of plants and their derivatives, animals and their derivatives and municipal waste. The characterization of the structure and composition of biomass carbon dots, the regulation of fluorescence color and the methods of improving quantum yield (QY) including heteroatom doping and surface modification are introduced in detail. Moreover, biomass carbon dots for detecting metal ions and non‐metal molecules and their quenching mechanism are emphatically introduced in addition to summarizing the luminescence mechanism, and some promising prospects and challenges in this uplifting field are discussed.
Intersected nonpolar ZnO nanosail arrays aligned epitaxially on LiGaO2 substrate towards enhanced photoelectrochemical responses
Authors: Yan Tao , Min Yunxiao , Lin Mei‐Yi , Chen Chenlong , Lee Chun‐Yu , Zhao Lili , Ye Ning , Chou Mitch M. C. , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntersected nonpolar ZnO nanosail arrays were fabricated epitaxially on Au‐coated LiGaO2 (010) substrate by chemical vapor deposition. In spite of five growth directions, the novel two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructure was confirmed to be single‐crystalline by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The anisotropy of growth and surface energy in three directions as well as the equivalency of crystallography should be responsible for the formation of intersected 2D nanosail arrays. Compared with those of polar nanoprisms and nonpolar film samples, the nanosail arrays exhibit superior photoelectrochemical performances of photocurrent density (620 µA cm–2 at 0.2 V vs. SCE) and photoconversion efficiency. The enhanced photoelectrochemical responses were attributed to the unique nanostructure with large surface area and high surface‐to‐volume ratio as well as nonpolar characteristic. This work demonstrates a simple, low‐cost and pattern‐free pathway to prepare aligned 2D nanosail arrays for technological applications.
Non‐intrusive reduced order modeling: Geometrical framework, high‐order models, and a priori analysis of applicability
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec J. , Muggeridge Ann H. , Jackson Matthew D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present an intuitive geometrical framework for non‐intrusive model reduction. Based on simple low‐dimensional geometry that is easy to visualize and interpret, the approach enables one to predict model features a priori and explain them a posteriori. Two simple a priori methods for analyzing the suitability of non‐intrusive model reduction are consequently presented and discussed. As a natural consequence of the interpretation proposed a method extension is proposed, namely, higher‐order temporal discretization. It is also demonstrated that some generic properties of the physical system modeled such as periodicity or convergence towards a steady state are easily represented in the framework proposed. The approaches are illustrated using a number of representative test problems including a three‐dimensional case of the Saffman–Taylor instability and an example exhibiting a propagating discontinuity. It is shown that this property makes the underlying non‐intrusive reduced order modeling nonsmooth meaning it will provide a poor representation of the system dynamics.
New extensions of Hermite–Hadamard inequalities via generalized proportional fractional integral
Authors: Mumcu İlker , Set Erhan , Akdemir Ahmet Ocak , Jarad Fahd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main aim this work is to give Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for convex functions via generalized proportional fractional integrals. We also obtained extensions of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for generalized proportional fractional integrals.
Ancient anomalies: Twinned and supernumerary incisors in a medieval Nubian
Authors: Phillips Emma L.W. , Irish Joel D. , Antoine Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the analysis of a skeletal assemblage from a medieval cemetery in Nubia (c. AD 500–1550), a young adult female with abnormally developed maxillary incisors was discovered. The possible causes of the two dental anomalies found in this individual and their archaeological context are discussed. The remains are from a medieval assemblage from the Fourth Cataract region of Nubia, which forms part of the Nubian collection curated at the British Museum. The left central incisor has a twinned crown with two root canals, and a supernumerary tooth is present on the right side between the central incisor and lateral incisors. Although two different dental anomalies are present, the bilateral expression suggests that the same biological mechanism could be responsible.
Development of thermally conductive and high‐specific strength polypropylene composites for thermal management applications in automotive
Authors: Gogoi Rupam , Manik Gaurav 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study reports the preparation of multifunctional hybrid composites based on polypropylene (PP) for potential thermal management applications in automotive. Short carbon fiber (CF) at 5 and 8 wt%, and silane‐treated hollow glass microsphere (HGM) at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% were incorporated separately in PP along with maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP). The interplay of filler content and its dispersion and distribution had a significant effect on the thermal conductivity (Kc) of the composites. Highest Kc of 1.20 W/m K was obtained for a CF and HGM wt% of 5 and 20, respectively. The rheological analysis revealed improved flowability as the complex viscosity of composites up to 20 wt% of HGM content was found to be less than PP. The thermal stability improved upon HGM incorporation and the highest thermal stability of ~26°C higher than that for PP was exhibited by hybrid composite with 8 wt% CF and 40 wt% HGM. Furthermore, Nielsen model demonstrated to be the closest fit for the experimental thermal conductivity value of hybrid composites among various micromechanical models used.
Solid particle erosive wear study of polymer composite materials for wind turbine applications
Authors: Vera‐Cardenas Edgar Ernesto , Mendoza‐Mendoza Jesus Cornelio , Martinez‐Perez Armando Irvin , Ledesma‐Ledesma Saul , Rubio‐González Carlos , Vite‐Torres Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, erosion wear tests in composites materials (carbon fiber and fiberglass) were performed in order to understand their behavior for blades of wind turbine applications. The erosion tests were also made in coated composites materials with a polyester resin (gel coat), to compare the wear erosion resistance with uncoated materials. The experimental tests were carried out according to some parameters to the ASTM G76 standard. The specimens had a rectangular shape with dimensions of 25 × 18 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. The erosive particle used was obtained from sea sand. High impact angles were used, 75°, 85°, and 90° and the velocity particle was 12 m/s. The duration of each test was 6 min, removing the specimens every 2 min to measure the amount of mass loss. In order to identify the wear mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy was used. The results showed that fiberglass specimens had a higher mass loss at 90° impact angle. The best erosive wear performance was obtained in the uncoated carbon fiber specimens at 85° impact angle.
Evaluating the efficacy of three carrier screening workflows designed to identify at‐risk carrier couples
Authors: Arjunan Aishwarya , Torres Raul , Gardiner Anna , Kaseniit Kristjan Eerik , Wootton Jeff , Ben‐Shachar Rotem , Johansen Taber Katherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of three different carrier screening workflows designed to identify couples at risk for having offspring with autosomal recessive conditions.MethodsPartner testing compliance, unnecessary testing, turnaround time, and ability to identify at‐risk couples (ARCs) were measured across all three screening strategies (sequential, tandem, or tandem reflex).ResultsA total of 314,100 individuals who underwent carrier screening were analyzed. Sequential, tandem, and tandem reflex screening yielded compliance frequencies of 25.8%, 100%, and 95.9%, respectively. Among 14,595 couples tested in tandem, 42.2% of females were screen‐negative, resulting in unnecessary testing of the male partner. In contrast, less than 1% of tandem reflex couples included unnecessary male testing. The median turnaround times were 29.2 days (sequential), 8 days (tandem), and 13.3 days (tandem reflex). The proportion of ARCs detected per total number of individual screens were 0.5% for sequential testing and 1.3% for both tandem and tandem reflex testing.ConclusionThe tandem reflex strategy simplifies a potentially complex clinical scenario by providing a mechanism by which providers can maximize partner compliance and the detection of at‐risk couples while minimizing workflow burden and unnecessary testing and is more efficacious than both sequential and tandem screening strategies.
Modeling of nonlinear extensional and shear rheology of low‐viscosity polymer melts
Authors: Poh Leslie , Li Benke , Yu Wei , Narimissa Esmaeil , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hierarchical multi‐mode molecular stress function (HMMSF) model developed by Narimissa and Wagner [Rheol. Acta 54, 779–791 (2015), and J. Rheol. 60, 625–636 (2016)] for linear and long‐chain branched (LCB) polymer melts were used to analyze the set of transient elongational and shear viscosity data of two LCB low‐density polyethylenes (1840H and 2426 k), and a linear poly‐(ethylene‐co‐α‐butene), PEB A‐780090 as reported by [Li et al. J. Rheol. 64, 177 (2020)], who had developed a new horizontal extensional rheometer to extend the lower limits of elongational viscosity measurements of polymer melts. Comparison between model predictions and elongational stress growth data reveals excellent agreement within the experimental window, and good consistency with shear stress growth data, based exclusively on the linear‐viscoelastic relaxation spectrum and only two nonlinear model parameters, the dilution modulus GD for extensional flows, and in addition a constraint release parameter for shear flow.
A multilevel model of the association between school climate and racial differences in academic outcomes
Authors: Jones Tiffany M. , Fleming Charles ,   Research and Evaluation Team
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between school‐level school climate and race differences in student grades, accounting for school sociodemographic composition. We found that schools with more positive school climates had smaller race differences in student self‐reported grades. The moderating effect of school climate remained after accounting for the sociodemographic composition of the school and students' own perceptions of climate at their school. This moderating effect was confounded by school grade band (i.e., elementary, middle, or high) since perception of positive school climate was lower in middle and high schools than in elementary schools. Despite the difficulty of disentangling school climate from grade band, the findings suggest school improvement strategies focused on school climate may promote racial equity in academic outcomes. School practitioners' efforts to improve the school climate may also contribute to racial equity in academics.
Benchmarking accuracy and precision of intensity‐based absolute quantification of protein abundances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sánchez Benjamín J. , Lahtvee Petri‐Jaan , Campbell Kate , Kasvandik Sergo , Yu Rosemary , Domenzain Iván , Zelezniak Aleksej , Nielsen Jens 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein quantification via label‐free mass spectrometry (MS) has become an increasingly popular method for predicting genome‐wide absolute protein abundances. A known caveat of this approach, however, is the poor technical reproducibility, that is, how consistent predictions are when the same sample is measured repeatedly. Here, we measured proteomics data for Saccharomyces cerevisiae with both biological and inter‐batch technical triplicates, to analyze both accuracy and precision of protein quantification via MS. Moreover, we analyzed how these metrics vary when applying different methods for converting MS intensities to absolute protein abundances. We demonstrate that our simple normalization and rescaling approach can perform as accurately, yet more precisely, than methods which rely on external standards. Additionally, we show that inter‐batch reproducibility is worse than biological reproducibility for all evaluated methods. These results offer a new benchmark for assessing MS data quality for protein quantification, while also underscoring current limitations in this approach.
Analytic expression of additional damping ratio based on Bouc–Wen model and performance evaluation
Authors: Wu Shan , He Haoxiang , Wang Baoshun 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAccurate calculation of the additional damping ratio provided by the damper to the structure is a necessary parameter for evaluating and selecting the optimal damping design scheme. At present, bilinear model is usually adopted to calculate the additional damping ratio of buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) and metal damper, but this method is not accurate. The hysteretic characteristics of the dampers can be simulated accurately by Bouc–Wen model. However, the traditional expression of Bouc–Wen model is implicit, and its energy dissipation cannot directly be quantified. In view of this, the explicit analysis of Bouc–Wen model is carried out, and the analytical solution of energy dissipation of this model is proposed. Furthermore, the formula for calculating the additional damping ratio is obtained. The correctness of the analytical solution is verified by numerical examples, and compared with the bilinear model, the superiority of the proposed method in the calculation accuracy is proved. The effect of the Bouc–Wen model parameters on the additional damping ratio is studied. The difference between Bouc–Wen model and bilinear model with various earthquake excitations is proved by finite element method, and the difference of dynamic response between the damping structures based on different damper models is shown and compared.
Owner compliance in canine epilepsy
Authors: Booth Samantha , Meller Sebastian , Packer Rowena MA , Farquhar Robyn , Maddison Jill E , Volk Holger A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Poor medication compliance by human epilepsy patients is one of the leading causes of treatment failure and increased seizure frequency. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to analyse owner compliance in pharmacological treatment of canine idiopathic epilepsy and to identify factors associated with poor compliance.Methods: The number of antiseizure drug tablets was recorded to determine if the patient received sufficient tablets to cover the time period between prescriptions and to assess compliant prescription cycles. Additionally, compliance was assessed by an online survey of owners.Results: For the prescription monitoring data from 94 cases from three small animal practices in the United Kingdom revealed an overall median compliance of 56%. Thirt‐three per cent of owners were >80% compliant, while 21% were 100% compliant. During a non‐compliant prescription cycle, a patient missed a median of 6 days (0.11‐519 days) of treatment. Patients on polytherapy had higher compliance rates than on monotherapy (p = 0.031). The survey (229 respondents from online canine epilepsy groups) showed that low daily dosing was associated with better compliance (p = 0.049).Conclusion: Owner compliance was subpar in this study and could represent a significant issue in epilepsy management, which needs to be considered by veterinary surgeons when treating canine epilepsy.
Surgical repair of a chronic traumatic injury of the right carpal joint in a juvenile hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Authors: Cruciani Benoit , Barret Mathieu , Schneider Francis , Vergneau‐Grosset Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA free‐ranging juvenile hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) presented to the rehabilitation centre with a chronic full thickness laceration of the right carpal joint, leaving the distal part of the flipper attached by only 2 cm of soft tissue. Open luxation of the carpal joint was noted on radiographs. Surgical reconstruction was elected despite extensive transection and osteo‐articular damage. Soft tissues were debrided and sutured. A cerclage wire was used to improve bone apposition. A type II external skeletal fixator was placed to promote soft tissue healing and pseudojoint formation. The turtle adapted well to the external fixator. Osteolysis was documented on radiographs four weeks postoperatively, and lesions improved with florfenicol treatment. The fixator was removed 3.5 months after the procedure. A year postoperatively, the function of the operated limb was normal, and the turtle was released into the ocean.
The Fast Lane to India's Water Management
Authors: Subramanian Sundaresan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndia is among the world's most water‐stressed countries. In 2018, NITI Aayog (an Indian government research body) released the results of a study warning that India is facing its “worst” water crisis in history and that demand for potable water will outstrip supply by 2030 if steps are not taken. The study further indicated that critical groundwater resources, which accounted for 40% of India's water supply, are being depleted at “unsustainable” rates and up to 70% of India's water supply is “contaminated.” The impact of water scarcity and the poor quality of water is already being severely felt in India's many regions, and it is only going to deteriorate if steps are not taken quickly to improve water management. Sensing the great challenge and urgency, the Government of India created the Ministry of Jal Shakti in May 2019 to consolidate interrelated functions pertaining to water management. Activities proposed by Jal Shakti are well‐intentioned but going by historical information, the strategy pursued so far has not worked effectively. Without reinventing the wheel, it is time for India's decision makers to pursue the fast lane to water management through innovative measures leveraging global experiences. This paper suggests adopting models of proven partnership projects between world's rivers and between large waterbodies.
Rhodium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Complexes with a Pentadentate Tetrapodal Phosphine Ligand
Authors: Junge Jannik , Engesser Tobias A. , Krahmer Jan , Näther Christian , Tuczek Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes supported by a pentadentate tetrapodal (pentaPod) phosphine ligand are synthesized through abstraction of one chloride ligand from initially obtained κ4‐pentaPod coordinated dichloro complexes [MCl2(κ4‐P2MePP2Ph)]+/0 (M=Rh(III), Ru(II)) with alkali salts of weakly coordinating anions. While for the rhodium κ5‐pentaPod complex the remaining, axial chloride ligand could not be replaced by di‐ or triatomic ligands, in case of ruthenium the complexes [Ru(CN)(κ5‐P2MePP2Ph]Al(pftb)4 (5) and [Ru(N3)(κ5‐P2MePP2Ph]Al(pftb)4 (6) could be generated through ligand exchange. By comparison of NMR parameters and employing DFT calculations, additional insights into the electronic influence of different ligands (i. e., Cl−, CN−, N3−) could be gained.
Shape Grammar as a Typology Defining Tool for Ancient Egyptian Funerary Monuments
Authors: Wutte Anja , Duarte José Pinto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a parametric shape grammar for ancient Egyptian funerary monuments. The corpus of monuments includes ten rock-cut structures, duly documented. They exhibit different grades of completion and preservation and possess variant archaeological documentation. The generation of a design following the proposed grammar depends both on formal and functional aspects. Metadata indicates the evidential value and numerical occurrence of rules in the generation of designs. The developed grammar can be used to reconstruct unfinished tombs, extend an existing one, or generate new designs according to the rules. It denotes the linear and symmetric structure characteristic of the monuments and reflects the chronological sequence of construction. The proposed grammar encodes the typology of the studied monuments and suggests that ancient Egyptian architecture may have implied a clear set of canons that may be made explicit by developing additional grammars for other building types.
SUMO mediated regulation of transcription factors as a mechanism for transducing environmental cues into cellular signaling in plants
Authors: Roy Dipan , Sadanandom Ari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcross all species, transcription factors (TFs) are the most frequent targets of SUMOylation. The effect of SUMO conjugation on the functions of transcription factors has been extensively studied in animal systems, with over 200 transcription factors being documented to be modulated by SUMOylation. This has resulted in the establishment of a number of paradigms that seek to explain the mechanisms by which SUMO regulates transcription factor functions. For instance, SUMO has been shown to modulate TF DNA binding activity; regulate both localization as well as the abundance of TFs and also influence the association of TFs with chromatin. With transcription factors being implicated as master regulators of the cellular signalling pathways that maintain phenotypic plasticity in all organisms, in this review, we will discuss how SUMO mediated regulation of transcription factor activity facilitates molecular pathways to mount an appropriate and coherent biological response to environmental cues.