bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of temperature mapping methods for experimental validation of numerical heat transfer analysis of biomaterials and medical devices
Authors: Pfensig Sylvia , Tautorat Carsten , Grossmann Swen , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Titanium represents an important biomaterial for implantable medical devices. During medical device manufacturing by means of welding, implant structures are partially exposed to high temperatures. Additionally, active implants such as pacemakers can heat up during operation. Therefore, numerical studies of heat propagation within titanium structures represent an essential tool to assess functionality and safety of medical devices. The current study focusses on the development of a method for experimental validation of numerical heat transfer analysis of biomaterials such as titanium. Numerical heat transfer analysis was performed using the software Abaqus. A finite-element model was established including material properties such as density, thermal conductivity und specific heat capacity. Temperature distribution among a locally applied thermal load was calculated. Furthermore, effects such as convection were considered. For validation, an experimental setup was implemented according to the numerical calculation using a local heating tool. Heat propagation in the sample was determined, respectively. Radiation-based heat determination was performed using an infrared thermographic camera aligned parallel to the sample surface. Contact-based heat determination was performed using thermocouples fixed to the surface at defined distances from the point of local heat input. For evaluation of numerical and experimental results, temperature- time curves were compared for five distinct measuring points, respectively. While infrared thermography offers the advantage of non-contact measurements, difficulties may arise from the definition of correct emissivity and challenging sample surface characteristics, such as metallic reflectance and surface texture. The thermocouple-based temperature measurement shows a high sensitivity to local temperature changes, but it is not always suitable due to the influence on the sample by thermocouple fixation. Infrared thermography and thermocouple based temperature measurements represent suitable procedures for experimental validation of numerical heat transfer analysis of titanium. An individual decision for the most suitable method must be made considering the specific sample and its further application.
Automation of online particle measurement during the simulated use of catheters and stent systems
Authors: Wiese Inga , Kurzhals Anja , Rhinow Grit , Tautorat Carsten , Kamke Frank , Brandt-Wunderlich Christoph , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels , Schmidt Wolfram 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The assessment of the coating integrity of cardiovascular implants such as catheters and stent systems is of crucial importance for device approval. Released particles may represent a potential health risk for the patients. Thus, an analysis of the particles released at simulated in-vivo conditions depending on their size and number is required by international standards (ISO, ASTM) as well as national authorities. In this study, an automated test bench for online particle measurement is presented. For software controlled automation, sensor data transmission and solenoid valves were implemented. A user interface was created for setting test parameters and data recording. The setup was validated by investigating standard particles as well as those released during the simulated application of non-industrial coated balloons. The measurement data were compared with results generated using the previous manual test routine. The results show an improvement in the reproducibility of the measurements, which can be attributed to the simplified handling for the user.
Differentiation of Mild Cognitive Impairment Conditions in MR Images using Fractional order Jacobi Fourier Moment Features
Authors: Dadsena Ravi , Sadhukhan Deboleena , Swaminathan Ramakrishnan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is the asymptomatic, preclinical transitional stage among aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Detection of MCI can ensure the timely intervention required to manage the disease’s severity. Morphological alterations of Lateral Ventricle (LV) is considered as a significant biomarker for disease diagnosis. This research aims to analyze the shape alterations of the LV region using Fractional Order Jacobi Fourier Moment (FOJFM) features, which are categorized by their generic nature and capabilities to perform time-frequency analysis. T1-weighted transaxial view brain MR images (HC = 92 and MCI = 63) are obtained from publicly available Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database. The LV region is delineated using Weighted Level Set (WLS) segmentation method and results are compared to Ground Truth (GT) images. FOJFM features are employed to characterize the morphometry of LV region. From this segmented region, 200 features are computed by varying the value of order and fractional parameters. Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are used to differentiate Healthy Control (HC) and MCI subjects. Results show that WLSE is able to delineate the LV structure. The segmented region shows good correlation with the GT area. FOJFM features are observed to be statistically significant in discriminating HC and MCI subjects with p<0.05. For MCI subjects, the feature values show higher variation as compared with HC brain, which might be due to the surface expansion of ventricular area during disease progression. SVM and RF classifiers show high performance F-measure values of 93.14% and 86.24%, respectively, for differentiating MCI conditions. The proposed moment based FOJFM features are able to capture the morphological changes of LV region related to MCI condition. Hence the proposed pipeline of work can be useful for the automated and early diagnosis of diseased conditions
Development and validation of a test facility for pivotal characterization of glaucoma drainage devices
Authors: Siewert Stefan , Guthoff Rudolf , Kamke Frank , Grossmann Swen , Stiehm Michael , Schmidt Wolfram , Stahnke Thomas , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Implant devices for micro invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) are gaining increasing acceptance in clinical ophthalmic use. The implant requirements are defined in international standards, such as ANSI Z80.27-2014 and the 2015 Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff “Premarket Studies of Implantable Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgical (MIGS) Devices”. The exact fluid-mechanical characterization represents a crucial part of the development and approval of innovative implant devices for MIGS. The current work describes the development and preliminary validation of a versatile test facility for pivotal characterization of glaucoma drainage devices. The test setup enables a pressurization of test specimens by means of two water columns. For measurement of pressure and volume flow, a pressure transducer and a total of three liquid flow meters were implemented into the test setup. Validation was conducted by experimental pressureflow characterization of standardized tubes and a comparison to theoretical results according to Hagen Poiseuille's law for stationary laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in a tube with a circular cross section. Ultrapure water at (35 ± 2) °C was used for the analyses. The developed test setup potentially enables pressure-flow characterization of test specimens in a wide flow range of 0 μl min-1 ≤ Q ≤ 5.000 μl min-1. The preliminary test facility validation showed a good agreement of measured and theoretical volume flow characteristics as a function of the pressure difference, in the currently investigated flow range of Q < 80 μl min-1. The developed test facility is suitable for pivotal in vitro characterization of glaucoma drainage devices. Future investigations will focus on the final validation of the whole flow range and on the use of the test facility for fluid-mechanical characterization of self-developed prototypes of glaucoma microstents as well as commercially available glaucoma drainage devices.
Cross Data Set Generalization of Ultrasound Image Augmentation using Representation Learning: A Case Study
Authors: Wulff Daniel , Mehdi Mohamad , Ernst Floris , Hagenah Jannis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data augmentation is a common method to make deep learning assessible on limited data sets. However, classical image augmentation methods result in highly unrealistic images on ultrasound data. Another approach is to utilize learning-based augmentation methods, e.g. based on variational autoencoders or generative adversarial networks. However, a large amount of data is necessary to train these models, which is typically not available in scenarios where data augmentation is needed. One solution for this problem could be a transfer of augmentation models between different medical imaging data sets. In this work, we present a qualitative study of the cross data set generalization performance of different learning-based augmentation methods for ultrasound image data. We could show that knowledge transfer is possible in ultrasound image augmentation and that the augmentation partially results in semantically meaningful transfers of structures, e.g. vessels, across domains.
Needle insertion planning for obstacle avoidance in robotic biopsy
Authors: Gerlach Stefan , Neidhardt Maximilian , Weiß Thorben , Laves Max-Heinrich , Stapper Carolin , Gromniak Martin , Kniep Inga , Möbius Dustin , Heinemann Axel , Ondruschka Benjamin , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Understanding the underlying pathology in different tissues and organs is crucial when fighting pandemics like COVID-19. During conventional autopsy, large tissue sample sets of multiple organs can be collected from cadavers. However, direct contact with an infectious corpse is associated with the risk of disease transmission and relatives of the deceased might object to a conventional autopsy. To overcome these drawbacks, we consider minimally invasive autopsies with robotic needle placement as a practical alternative. One challenge in needle based biopsies is avoidance of dense obstacles, including bones or embedded medical devices such as pacemakers. We demonstrate an approach for automated planning and visualising suitable needle insertion points based on computed tomography (CT) scans.
Needle paths are modeled by a line between insertion and target point and needle insertion path occlusion from obstacles is determined by using central projections from the biopsy target to the surface of the skin. We project the maximum and minimum CT attenuation, insertion depth, and standard deviation of CT attenuation along the needle path and create two-dimensional intensity-maps projected on the skin. A cost function considering these metrics is introduced and minimized to find an optimal biopsy needle path. Furthermore, we disregard insertion points without sufficient room for needle placement. For visualisation, we display the color-coded cost function so that suitable points for needle insertion become visible.
We evaluate our system on 10 post mortem CTs with six biopsy targets in abdomen and thorax annotated by medical experts. For all patients and targets an optimal insertion path is found. The mean distance to the target ranges from (49.9 ± 12.9)mm for the spleen to (90.1 ± 25.8)mm for the pancreas.
Comparison of Geometrical Lung Models to Calculate Tidal Volumes during Spontaneous Breathing
Authors: Beck Simon , Laufer Bernhard , Moeller Knut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Demographic changes, increasing air pollution and the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, causing virus-induced respiratory failures, monitoring of respiratory parameters is the focus of international interest. In this study, motioncapture- system data was used to get circumferences of the human thorax while executing different breathing patterns. Four geometric models were used to model tidal volumes of the tracked person while using spirometry data as a reference. The results show that all four introduced models can be used for tidal volume calculation based on changes in the thoracic circumference. In terms of accuracy, the use-case must be considered
Vitrectome with Integrated LED Illumination: Development and Testing
Authors: Sieber Nicole , Lingenfelder Christian , Götz Madeleine , Heine Pauline , Lichtner Leonie , Hessling Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In current vitrectomy, the surgeon guides the vitrectome and a rigid fiber light guide with one hand each. It would be desirable to have a free hand for other surgical instruments and maneuvers. Methods: In the feasibility study presented here, a 20 gauge vitrectome is equipped with a miniature white LED that could eliminate the need for the separate light guide and therefore free one hand. The functionality of the system is proved in a ping-pong ball filled with agar and an ex-vivo porcine eye. Results: The brightness of the approach appears to be sufficient without any realistic phototoxic retinal hazard while the functionality of the vitrectome, in combination with the LED, is still given. Conclusion: The combination of a 20 gauge vitrectome with a LED illumination unit was successfully tested. The approach can be transferred to small vitrectomes in the future
Separating ventricular activity in thoracic EIT using 4D image-based FEM simulations
Authors: Stender Birgit , Blanck Oliver , Reinartz Sebastian D. , Dössel Olaf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One challenge in central hemodynamic monitoring based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is to robustly detect ventricular signal components and the corresponding EIT image region without external monitoring information. Current stimulation and voltage measurement of EIT were simulated with finite element porcine torso models in presence of a multitude of thoracic blood volume shifts. The simulated measurement data was examined for linear dependence on changes in stroke volume. Based on the results the EIT measurement information regarding stroke volume changes is sparse
Effect of carbon nanotubes on microstructure and corrosion resistance of PEO ceramic coating of magnesium alloy
Authors: Ma Qun , Wang Ping , Chen Xiaomin , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coating modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was prepared on Mg–Gd–Y alloy. The microstructure, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the coating were investigated by SEM, contact angle meter and electrochemical test system. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are staggered in the ceramic coating and partially filled with plasma discharge micropores. To some extent, CNTs can promote the plasma discharge and improve the film formation rate. With the increase of the content of CNTs, the content of carbon nanotubes in the ceramic coating increases. CNTs can effectively improve the hydrophobicity of ceramic coating. With the increase of the content of CNTs, the corrosion potential E
coor and polarization resistance R

p
increase, the corrosion current i
coor decreases and the AC impedance |Z| increases, which leads to the decrease of corrosion rate.
Ohne-Tun und Selbstwandel
Authors: Heubel Fabian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the text “The Principles of a Liberal Social Order”, Friedrich A. von Hayek quotes from Chapter 57 of the Daoist classicLǎozǐ老子 (alternative transliterations are Lao Tzu, Laotse, etc.; the text is also known under the titleDàodéjīngorTao Te King道德經). Appearing in a text devoted primarily to the concept of “spontaneous order”, the quote opens up questions regarding the relationship between liberalism and Daoism, which I address in this essay. The discussion comprises three parts. In the first part, I turn to the translation cited by Hayek and, by way of a commentary to the translation, I attempt to gain access to the motifs of “effortless action/without doing” (wúwéi無為), “self-transformation” (zìhuà自化) and “self-government” (zìzhì自治); the second part offers a hermeneutic commentary through which I discuss interpretative approaches found in the Chinese commentarial tradition; finally, the third part outlines transcultural correspondences which explore the political meaning of the Daoist “without doing” and the idea of “spontaneous order” in the context of the discursive struggle between the “democratic West” and “authoritarian China”.
Die karische Endung -τ
Authors: Simon Zsolt 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Based on the contextual analysis of the Carian inscription from Hyllarima (C.Hy 1) this paper argues that the Carian nominal ending -τis neither genitive plural nor dative plural as previously proposed but ablative. This is supported both by its phonological history and its other attestions.
A learning based approach for designing extended unit cell metagratings
Authors: Panda Soumyashree S. , Hegde Ravi S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The possibility of arbitrary spatial control of incident wavefronts with the subwavelength resolution has driven research into dielectric optical metasurfaces in the last decade. The unit-cell based metasurface design approach that relies on a library of single element responses is known to result in reduced efficiency attributed to the inadequate accounting of the coupling effects between meta-atoms. Metasurfaces with extended unit-cells containing multiple resonators can improve design outcomes but their design requires extensive numerical computing and optimizations. We report a deep learning based design methodology for the inverse design of extended unit-cell metagratings. In contrast to previous reports, our approach learns the metagrating spectral response across its reflected and transmitted orders. Through systematic exploration, we discover network architectures and training dataset sampling strategies that allow such learning without requiring extensive ground-truth generation. The one-time investment of model creation can then be used to significantly accelerate numerical optimization of multiple functionalities as demonstrated by considering the inverse design of various spectral and polarization dependent splitters and filters. The proposed methodology is not limited to these proof-of-concept demonstrations and can be broadly applied to meta-atom-based nanophotonic system design and in realising the next generation of metasurface functionalities with improved performance.
An Answer to a Question that Cannot Be Answered: A Pragmatist Approach to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s Theoretical Perspectives on Humor
Authors: Hietalahti Jarno 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article offers a pragmatist approach to concentration camp humor, in particular, to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s conceptualizations of humor. They both show how humor does not vanish even in the worst imaginable circumstances. Despite this similarity, it will be argued that their intellectual positions on humor differ significantly. The main difference between the two authors is that according to Frankl, humor is elevating in the middle of suffering, and according to Levi, humor expresses the absurdity of the idea of concentration camps, but this is not necessarily a noble reaction. Through a critical synthesis based on pragmatist philosophy, it will be claimed that humor in concentration camps expresses the human condition in the entirely twisted situation. This phenomenon cannot be understood without considering forms of life, how drastic the changes from the past were, and what people expected from the future, if anything.
The Reservations of the Funny: Ethics of Studying Funny Communication
Authors: Sills Liz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studying the funny trends within historically marginalized populations has historically been used as a means of making them seem nonthreatening to dominant cultures. Scholars, furthermore, have often applied dominant-culture contexts toward reading minority artifacts without taking the time to understand the premises for other cultures’ funny enthymemes (Epp 2010; Price 1994). This paper proposes two solutions to the dilemma of recognizing the importance of representing marginalized populations’ humor in the scholarly canon but also studying those funny artifacts with a mind toward ethics, using Native American humor as a representative case study.
Removal of crystal violet from water by poly acrylonitrile-co-sodium methallyl sulfonate (AN69) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) synthetic membranes
Authors: S’Id Ely Cheikh , Degué Mohamed , Khalifa Chlouma , M’Bareck Chamekh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current investigation is focused on the removal of crystal violet (CV) from water by adsorption process (bach method). To achieve this purpose, specific membranes were prepared from poly acrylonitrile-co-sodium methallyl sulfonate (AN69) and poly acrylic acid (PAA) blends. The adsorption of CV onto AN69/PAA membranes was studied under various conditions: membrane composition, pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature. To understand the effect of membrane morphology on adsorption process, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the features of section and membrane’s surface. From isotherm results, it was found that: the maximum adsorption capacity Q

m
was 1250 mg g−1, the Langmuir separation factor R
L was lying between 0.33 and 0.76, the Freundlich intensity was higher than Unit (n = 1.25) and the adsorption process follows preferentially the Langmuir model (correlation constant R
2 = 0.99). The mechanism of adsorption is perfectly fitted by pseudo second order. The obtained results tend to confirm that the removal of dye molecules is due to the establishment of strong electrostatic interactions between cationic dye molecules and anionic membrane groups. The high adsorption capacity (1250 mg g−1) for the small dye molecules may open wide opportunities to apply these membranes in the removal of various hazardous pollutants commonly present in water.
Engagement markers in research project websites: Promoting interactivity and dialogicity
Authors: Mur-Dueñas Pilar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Scholars are currently not only required to produce primary output, i.e. peer-reviewed research articles, chapters or books, which constitutes certified and legitimised knowledge (Puschmann 2015), but also to disseminate such output, which is frequently carried out digitally and in English. In this context it is the aim of this paper to gain insights into scholars’ digital discursive practices by analysing academic websites of research projects funded under the European H2020 programme. More specifically, it explores the ways in which a potentially wide, blurred audience is addressed by means of engagement markers, particularly, reader pronouns, questions, and directives, including imperatives, obligation modals and adjectival phrases expressing necessity. Results indicate that the frequency of use of engagement markers varies across websites and that it may affect their degree of potential interactivity. They further show that some engagement markers are more common than others and that they tend to display specific rhetorical purposes. Differences on their use and function when compared to their use in RA writing are also shown. It is concluded that these interpersonality features have an important role in the potential promotion of dialogicity in this digital medium, and crafting an effective professional identity of the research teams.