bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Consultations for Schizophrenia and Non-affective Psychoses in Italian Emergency Departments During and After the 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Balestrieri Matteo , Rucci Paola , Amendola Davide , Bonizzoni Miki , Cerveri Giancarlo , Colli Chiara , Da Re Maria , Dragogna Filippo , Ducci Giuseppe , Elmo Maria Giuseppa , Ghio Lucio , Grasso Federico , Locatelli Clara , Mencacci Claudio , Monaco Leonardo , Nicotra Alessandra , Piccinini Giulia , Toscano Marco , Vaggi Marco , Villari Vincenzo , Vitalucci Alberto , Castelpietra Giulio , Bondi Emi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
To analyze the hospital emergency department (HED) consultations for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in nine Italian hospitals during the 2020 lockdown and postlockdown periods, compared to the equivalent periods in 2019.

Methods
Characteristics of consultations, patients, and drug prescriptions were analyzed. Joinpoint models were used to identify changes in the weekly trend of consultations.

Results
During the 2020 lockdown the overall number of HED consultations for schizophrenia decreased by 40.7% and after the lockdown by 12.2% compared with 2019. No difference was found in the proportion of consultations that led to GHPU admissions or compulsory admissions. Suicidality rates did not differ across the two years, with the exception of ideations and plans (+5.9%) during the postlockdown period. We found an increase in benzodiazepine prescriptions in 2020 during the lockdown and postlockdown periods (+10.6% and +20.8%, respectively), and a decrease of prescriptions for short-acting sedative agents in the postlockdown period (–7.9%). An increase in the weekly trend of consultations occurred from March 11 to 17 (week 11) till June 26 to 30 (week 26). As a result, the initial gap in the number of consultations between the 2 years canceled out at the end of June.

Conclusions
HED consultation rate for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders declined consistent with that of other psychiatric disorders. In the postlockdown period, the growth of suicidal ideation/planning and increase in the prescriptions of anxiolytic-sedating drugs may foreshadow that for some schizophrenia patients the exit from the lockdown period is not liberating, but rather a source of agitation or perturbation.
Characterization of indoor arenas through an anonymous survey
Authors: McGill Staci , Hayes Morgan , Tumlin Kimberly , Coleman Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Equine farms are building both stables for the horses to live in and additional facilities to train and work horses (Kidd et al., 1997). For many of these farms, an outdoor arena that has an all-weather footing is the first working facility built. During inclement weather the ability to train in the outdoor arenas is inhibited, which in turn means the trainers, riders, and farms lose income as money is only made when horses are working, training, and competing. Indoor arenas allow for horses to continue to be worked no matter the weather conditions. The equine industry contributes a total of $122 billion dollars a year to the United States’ economy. The expenditures to build and maintain these arenas the horses utilize for training and work are a portion of the equine economic contribution (American Horse Council Foundation, 2018). During the summer of 2018, an anonymous online survey was conducted to begin to characterize indoor arenas. Owners, managers, and riders were questioned on a variety of topics including arena construction and design, arena usage, footing type, maintenance practices, environmental concerns, and potential health issues experienced within the facilities. Respondents in the study defined indoor arenas differently depending on geographic region, however most definitions included a roof, some enclosure, and footing in order to work the horses. In addition, of the 335 respondents of the survey, 71% or 239 respondents reported having concerns about the environment within the indoor arena. The three main concerns are dust, moisture, and lack of air movement. Overall, the survey begins to build our understanding regarding these facilities and provides the framework to continue research in the future.
Drought affects the fate of non-structural carbohydrates in hinoki cypress
Authors: Tsuji Chiaki , Dannoura Masako , Desalme Dorine , Angeli Nicolas , Takanashi Satoru , Kominami Yuji , Epron Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tree species that close stomata early in response to drought are likely to suffer from an imbalance between limited carbohydrate supply due to reduced photosynthesis and metabolic demand. Our objective was to clarify the dynamic responses of non-structural carbohydrates to drought in a water-saving species, the hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.). To this end, we pulse-labeled young trees with 13CO2 10 days after the beginning of the drought treatment. Trees were harvested 7 days later, early during drought progression, and 86 days later when they had suffered from a long and severe drought. The labeled carbon (C) was traced in phloem extract, in the organic matter and starch of all the organs, and in the soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) of the most metabolically active organs (foliage, green branches and fine roots). No drought-related changes in labeled C partitioning between belowground and aboveground organs were observed. The C allocation between non-structural carbohydrates was altered early during drought progression: starch concentration was lower by half in the photosynthetic organs, while the concentration of almost all soluble sugars tended to increase. The preferential allocation of labeled C to glucose and fructose reflected an increased demand for soluble sugars for osmotic adjustment. After 3 months of a lethal drought, the concentrations of soluble sugars and starch were admittedly lower in drought-stressed trees than in the controls, but the pool of non-structural carbohydrates was far from completely depleted. However, the allocation to storage had been impaired by drought; photosynthesis and the sugar translocation rate had also been reduced by drought. Failure to maintain cell turgor through osmoregulation and to refill embolized xylem due to the depletion in soluble sugars in the roots could have resulted in tree mortality in hinoki cypress, though the total pool of carbohydrate was not completely depleted.
Greater hydraulic safety contributes to higher growth resilience to drought across seven pine species in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Duan Chun-Yang , Li Ming-Yong , Fang Li-Dong , Cao Yu , Wu De-Dong , Liu Hui , Ye Qing , Hao Guang-You 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Quantifying inter-specific variations of tree resilience to drought and revealing the underlying mechanisms are of great importance to the understanding of forest functionality, particularly in water-limited regions. So far, comprehensive studies incorporating investigations in inter-specific variations of long-term growth patterns of trees and the underlying physiological mechanisms are very limited. Here, in a semi-arid site of northern China, tree radial growth rate, inter-annual tree-ring growth responses to climate variability, as well as physiological characteristics pertinent to xylem hydraulics, carbon assimilation and drought tolerance were analyzed in seven pine species growing in a common environment. Considerable inter-specific variations in radial growth rate, growth response to drought and physiological characteristics were observed among the studied species. Differently, the studied species exhibited similar degrees of resistance to drought-induced branch xylem embolism, with water potential corresponding to 50% loss hydraulic conductivity ranging from −2.31 to −2.96 MPa. We found that higher branch hydraulic efficiency is related to greater leaf photosynthetic capacity, smaller hydraulic safety margin and lower woody density (P &lt; 0.05, linear regressions), but not related to higher tree radial growth rate (P &gt; 0.05). Rather, species with higher hydraulic conductivity and photosynthetic capacity were more sensitive to drought stress and tended to show weaker growth resistance to extreme drought events as quantified by tree-ring analyses, which is at least partially due to a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety across species. This study thus demonstrates the importance of drought resilience rather than instantaneous water and carbon flux capacity in determining tree growth in water-limited environments.
Original Research: Suicidal Ideation and Attitudes Toward Help Seeking in U.S. Nurses Relative to the General Working Population
Authors: Kelsey Elizabeth A. , West Colin P. , Cipriano Pamela F. , Peterson Cheryl , Satele Daniel , Shanafelt Tait , Dyrbye Liselotte N. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Although previous studies have revealed professional consequences of burnout among nurses, less is known about the potential personal consequences. This study investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attitudes toward help seeking among U.S. nurses relative to other workers, and the extent to which personal and professional factors, including burnout, were related to suicidal ideation.

Methods:
In November 2017, a cross-sectional survey was sent to 86,858 nurses who were members of the American Nurses Association and to a probability-based sample of 5,198 U.S. workers. The survey included questions regarding suicidal ideation, burnout, symptoms of depression, individual and professional characteristics, and willingness to seek professional help if a serious emotional problem arose. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for other factors.

Results:
Among the 7,378 nurse respondents, 403 (5.5%) reported having suicidal ideation within the past year. Most nurses (84.2%) indicated willingness to seek professional help for a serious emotional problem. Yet nurses with suicidal ideation were less likely to report that they'd seek such help (72.6%) than nurses without suicidal ideation (85%). In a multivariable analysis of nurses' data, after controlling for other personal and professional characteristics, we found that burnout was strongly associated with suicidal ideation. Adjusted combined multivariable analyses showed that nurses were more likely than other workers to have suicidal ideation. Both nurses and other workers who reported suicidal ideation were less likely to seek help than were those who did not report such ideation.

Conclusions:
Compared with other U.S. workers, nurses are at higher risk for suicidal ideation, and nurses with such ideation are more reluctant to seek help than those without it. Burnout contributes to the risk of suicidal ideation. These issues warrant greater attention. Systems- and practice-level interventions must be identified and implemented, both to address the higher prevalences of burnout and suicidal ideation in nurses and to mitigate the stigma about mental health problems and other barriers to seeking help.
Comparison of a preservative-free nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and preservative-free corticosteroid after uneventful cataract surgery: multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Kim Seonjoo , Ko Byung-Yi , Koh Jae Woong , Kim Eun Chul , Kim Hong Kyun , Shin Young Joo , Song Jong-Suk , Lee Do Hyung , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Hyung Keun , Chung So-Hyang , Kim Hyun Seung 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal eyedrops for inflammation management after cataract surgery using slitlamp indicators.

Setting:
11 eye centers in South Korea.

Design:
Randomized prospective multicenter study with a blinded evaluator.

Method:
In 125 (250 eyes) patients who underwent cataract surgery, bromfenac sodium hydrate 0.1% (NSAID group) was applied twice a day in 1 eye, whereas the other eye was treated with fluorometholone 0.1% (steroid group), 4 times a day for 4 weeks postoperatively. The primary efficacy outcome was the presence of anterior chamber cells and flare at 1 week postoperatively. Anterior chamber cells and flare at 4 to 8 weeks, corrected distance visual acuity, central corneal thickness, conjunctival hyperemia, dry eye parameters, foveal thickness, and ocular and visual discomfort were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results:
At week 1, residual anterior chamber inflammation was not statistically significantly different between the groups (−1.03 ± 1.27 vs −0.95 ± 1.24, P = .4850). However, the NSAID group recovered from conjunctival hyperemia more rapidly than the steroid group (0.30 ± 0.52 vs 0.44 ± 0.81, P = .0144 at week 1). The increase in central corneal thickness in the NSAID group was less than that in the steroid group 1 week postoperatively (7.87 ± 22.46 vs 29.47 ± 46.60 μm, P < .0001). The change in foveal thickness in the NSAID group was significantly less than that in the steroid group (18.11 ± 68.19 vs 22.25 ± 42.37 μm, P = .0002). Lower levels of postoperative ocular and visual discomfort were reported in the NSAID group than in the steroid group under treatment.

Conclusions:
Preservative-free bromfenac was as effective as preservative-free fluorometholone eyedrops in anterior chamber inflammation control and showed better signs and symptoms after cataract surgery.
Dyslipidemia and aortic valve disease
Authors: Mata Pedro , Alonso Rodrigo , Pérez de Isla Leopoldo , Badimón Lina 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most prevalent heart valve diseases in the adult population. The understanding of AS pathophysiology and involved risk factors have recently undergone a great advance, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other clinical conditions taking on a relevant role. Although little is known about the prevention of AS, we can progressively find more evidence of the possible use of drugs to control risk factors as tools that may delay the progression to severe AS and aortic valve replacement.

Recent findings
Several factors have shown to be solid predictors of the development of AS. Mendelian randomization and observational studies on risk factors specifically lipid factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, Lp(a), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and hypertension have provided meaningful new information. The SAFEHEART study has significantly contributed to define the role of LDL-C and Lp(a) in AS.

Summary
In this review we discuss the interrelationship of dyslipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia and Lp(a) in the development and prognosis of valvular AS. New imaging tools may contribute to its early detection. Future studies with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and specific therapies to lower Lp(a) might contribute to delay AS development.
Chronic rejection as a persisting phantom menace in organ transplantation: a new hope in the microbiota?
Authors: Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Saxena Vikas , Iyyathurai Jegan , Lakhan Ram , Ma Bing , Silverman Emma , Lee Zachariah L. , Bromberg Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. During organ transplantation, perturbations in microbiota influence transplant outcome. We review recent advances in characterizing microbiota and studies on regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function and mucosal and systemic immunity by microbiota and their metabolites. We discuss implications of these interactions on transplant outcomes.

Recent findings
Metagenomic approaches have helped the research community identify beneficial and harmful organisms. Microbiota regulates intestinal epithelial functions. Signals released by epithelial cells or microbiota trigger pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, influencing the structure and function of the immune system. Assessment and manipulation of microbiota can be used for biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Summary
The bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and immune system is a major influence on immunity. It can be targeted for biomarkers or therapy. Recent studies highlight a close association of transplant outcomes with microbiota, suggesting exciting potential avenues for management of host physiology and organ transplantation.
Cytoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kono Hiroshi , Hosomura Naohiro , Amemiya Hidetake , Kawaida Hiromichi , Furuya Shinji , Akaike Hidenori , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Sudo Makoto , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
The aim was to evaluate the relationship between cytoglobin (Cygb) expression and both clinicopathologic factors and prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
Seventy-five patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatectomy between 2009 and 2014 at our department were included. Diagnosis was based on World Health Organization standards, with staging by TNM classification of Union for International Cancer Control. Expressions of Cygb, phosphoinositide-3 kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of resected surgical specimens and densitometrical analysis.

Results
Elevated expression of Cygb was found mainly in carcinoma cells of PDAC. Patients with low expression of Cygb showed significantly shorter disease-free survival and disease-specific survival than those with high expression. There was also a significant negative correlation between Cygb expression and the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In univariate analysis, Cygb expression, clinical stage, histologic tumor grade, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion were prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, Cygb expression and the clinical stage were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions
Loss of Cygb may contribute to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of PDAC by increases in angiogenic factor.
Clinical Usefulness of [18F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose–Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Distinguishing Between Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ohtani Masahiro , Ofuji Kazuya , Akazawa Yu , Saito Yasushi , Nosaka Takuto , Ozaki Yoshihiko , Takahashi Kazuto , Naito Tatsushi , Matsuda Hidetaka , Hiramatsu Katsushi , Nakamoto Yasunari 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
We investigated the [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) findings of pancreatic and extrapancreatic lesions in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic cancer (PC) and evaluated the usefulness of 18F-FDG–PET/CT for differentiating between AIP and PC.

Methods
Eighty-five patients, 19 with AIP and 66 with PC, who underwent 18F-FDG–PET/CT were studied retrospectively. We evaluated the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), patterns and distributions of FDG activity in pancreatic lesions, as well as FDG uptake in extrapancreatic lesions.

Results
The levels of SUVmax of pancreatic lesions in PC patients were significantly higher than those in AIP patients (P < 0.05). Focal/segmental distribution of FDG activity was found in 61.1% of the AIP patients and 98.4% of the PC patients. Heterogeneous FDG activity patterns were found in 61.1% of the AIP patients and 18.7% of the PC patients. Activities of FDG in pancreatic lesions were significantly different between AIP and PC. Extrapancreatic activities of salivary glands, extraperitoneal lymph nodes, prostate, retroperitoneum, and kidneys in the AIP patients were significantly higher than those in the PC patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that SUVmax (>7.08) and focal/segmental FDG distribution were independent predictors of PC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The 18F-FDG–PET/CT findings are useful for differentiating between AIP and PC.
Greater Cognitive-Motor Interference in Individuals Post-Stroke During More Complex Motor Tasks
Authors: Rice Jordyn , Corp Daniel T. , Swarowsky Alessandra , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Cabral Danylo F. , Nunez Christina , Koch Sebastian , Rundek Tatjana , Gomes-Osman Joyce 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Dual-task (DT) walking assessments allow for the simultaneous evaluation of cognitive and motor performance. During DT walking, individuals may experience interference in one or both tasks, known as cognitive-motor interference (CMI). The primary purpose of this study was to compare CMI between individuals post-stroke and healthy persons group during single- and dual-motor and cognitive tasks, using 2 distinct walking tasks.

Methods:
Motor performance was quantified as the total time for the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and gait speed for the 90-second walk (90W). Cognitive performance was measured as the correct response rate (CRR) during serial 7 subtractions. Participants performed the motor and cognitive tasks in isolation for the single-task (ST) and simultaneously for DT conditions, TUG-DT and 90W-DT. A repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed group (poststroke and healthy) by condition (ST and DT) interactions for the TUG, 90W, and CRR.

Results:
There were significant main effects of group and condition for both the TUG and the 90W (P < 0.05). There was also an interaction effect for the TUG, with individuals post-stroke demonstrating a larger decrement in TUG-DT performance compared with healthy persons (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction effect was observed for the CRR, in which healthy individuals exhibited a greater decrement in performance from the ST to the 90W-DT (P < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Individuals post-stroke were susceptible to greater motor interference during the more complex motor task, the TUG-DT. However, the only decrements observed in cognitive performance from the ST to DT occurred in healthy individuals during the 90W-DT.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A367).
Optimizing Dolutegravir Initiation in Neonates Using Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Piscitelli Joseph , Nikanjam Mina , Best Brookie M. , Acosta Edward , Mirochnick Mark , Clarke Diana F. , Capparelli Edmund V. , Momper Jeremiah D. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
A knowledge gap exists for dolutegravir (DTG) pharmacokinetics and safety during the first 4 weeks of life, preventing safe and effective DTG use in neonates.

Setting:
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were used to assess newborn DTG dosing requirements during the first few days of life as a function of maternal DTG dosing history before delivery.

Methods:
DTG PK data were obtained from pregnant women and infants enrolled in the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1026S study. Maternal and neonate population pharmacokinetic models were separately developed. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to simulate neonatal concentrations after 2 doses of DTG after birth for infants born to mothers either receiving or not receiving DTG before delivery.

Results:
In DTG-naïve infants, a 5-mg DTG dose at birth with a second dose after 48 hours maintained median concentrations above the lower bound of the target range (0.77 μg/mL) and below the upper bound of the target range (7.34 μg/mL representing 2-fold above the adult Cmax value). In DTG-exposed infants, a 5-mg DTG dose at 24 hours after birth with a second dose after 48 hours maintained median concentrations within or nearly within the target range, even if the last maternal DTG dose was taken as soon as 6 hours or as long as 24 hours before delivery.

Conclusions:
Newborn DTG dosing requirements during the first few days of life depend on maternal DTG dosing history before delivery. These results may help the design of future clinical studies of DTG in the neonatal population.