bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education Ethics
Authors: Metz Thaddeus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 11 reflects on what educators owe students in higher education institutions and the broader society when it comes to which knowledge to teach. It points out how utilitarianism and Kantianism naturally ground a cosmopolitan approach to instructing matters of culture, whereas the communal ethic does not. Rightness as friendliness instead supports prioritizing local cultures, an implication that is defended. The chapter also notes how the relational moral theory probably entails that it is right to strive to develop students’ virtue, a view that is not salient in the works of those who adhere to the Western ethical principles. Finally, the chapter considers the question of whether it can be right to instruct some knowledge for its own sake. Doing so seems ruled out by utilitarianism and Kantianism, but the relational moral theory is shown to admit of an interpretation that would permit it.
Business Ethics
Authors: Metz Thaddeus 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12, the last applied ethics chapter, considers some controversies in business. How should a firm’s owners, and related agents such as managers or state bank directors, engage with others, particularly workers and consumers? The chapter argues that the communal ethic does a better job of accounting for intuitions about who counts as a stakeholder and how to prioritize amongst competing stakeholder interests than does utilitarianism or Kantianism. Roughly, rightness as friendliness entails that not all duties of beneficence are a function of need or voluntary assumption of obligation to aid; a firm can also have pro tanto moral reason to help parties because it has related on friendly terms with them in the past. The chapter also takes up the question of how the production process ought to be structured, arguing that while the Western moral theories could well allow an unconstrained managerialism, the communal ethic probably does not.
Conceptualising Corruption in Office
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter tracks the evolution of the word and concept of ‘corruption’. Having explored personal, institutional and systemic types of corruption, the next two sections outline key influences on pre-modern ways of thinking about it, highlighting the role of religion and civic humanism or the ‘republican tradition’. These influences put different emphases on personal, institutional, and systemic corruption, even if they shared a common moral purpose. Focus on that moral dimension leads to a discussion about the relationship between corruption and sexual immorality, and between anti-corruption and campaigns for the reformation of manners. The second half of the chapter focuses on the legal framework to show changes in the legal definitions of corruption, which increasingly defined corruption in terms of various forms of monetary forms of crime.
The Politics of Social Cohesion
Authors: Holtug Nils 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In contemporary liberal democracies, it is difficult to find a policy issue as divisive as immigration. A common worry is that immigration poses a threat to social cohesion, and so to the social unity that underpins cooperation, stable democratic institutions, and a robust welfare state. At the heart of this worry is the suggestion that social cohesion requires a shared identity at the societal level. The Politics of Social Cohesion considers in greater detail the impact of immigration on social cohesion and egalitarian redistribution. First, it critically scrutinizes an influential argument, according to which immigration leads to ethnic diversity, which again tends to undermine trust and solidarity and so the social basis for redistribution. According to this argument, immigration should be severely restricted. Second, it considers the suggestion that, in response to worries about immigration, states should promote a shared identity to foster social cohesion in the citizenry. It is argued that the effects of immigration on social cohesion do not need to compromise social justice and that core principles of liberty and equality not only form the normative basis for just policies of immigration and integration, as a matter of empirical fact, they are also the values that, if shared, are most likely to produce the social cohesion among community members providing the social basis for implementing justice. This argument draws heavily on both normative political philosophy and empirical social science. The normative framework defended is cosmopolitan, liberal egalitarian, and to some extent multicultural.
Exiles as Principled Disobedients
Authors: Vasanthakumar Ashwini 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins an enquiry into political methods, focusing on disruptive protest and principled disobedience, which has featured in the different case studies examined in the book. Standardly, principled disobedience is justified because of its role in enhancing democratic deliberation and justice in the society it disrupts. Exile protest targets wrongdoing in another society that might have no connection to the place in which the protest takes place. I argue that, even though the paradigm case of exile disobedience does not fit the standard case, it can still perform these ameliorative functions in receiving communities and still be justified. And, even when it does not, I argue that exiles’ communities of residence have a duty to accommodate exile protest. Exile politics may also perform a corrective function in exiles’ communities of residence, which also present constraints on how exile politics ought to be carried out.
Introduction: Martin Wight and the Political Philosophy of International Relations by David S. Yost
Authors: Yost David S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis volume of Wight’s collected works brings together various writings concerning the political philosophy of international relations. Wight identified three traditions of thinking about international politics since the sixteenth century—Realism, Rationalism, and Revolutionism, which have become well known thanks to his 1991 posthumous volume, International Theory: The Three Traditions. The current volume includes several works on the same ‘international theory’ theme, some previously published and some never-before-published, with ‘Is There a Philosophy of Statesmanship?’ in the latter category. This volume also includes three essays by Wight on the causes and functions of war in international politics. Wight prepared several papers on legitimacy in domestic and international politics, and this volume features five never-before-published papers on this theme. Wight qualified his orderly analyses of traditions of political philosophy, the causes and functions of war, and principles of domestic and international legitimacy by drawing attention to unpredictable ‘wild card’ factors such as fortune and irony in his paper in this collection entitled ‘Fortune’s Banter’. Unintended, unexpected, and ironical consequences abound in international politics, despite efforts to master the dynamics of history. In view of the many factors behind events, including economic and demographic developments, Wight expressed qualifications about the role of ideas. He nonetheless concluded that ‘in historical retrospect, the philosophies of statesmen do seem observably to colour their policies’.
How Confident Should the Religious Believer Be in the Face of Religious Pluralism?
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChapter 3 explores the prospects for resisting the sorts of arguments in which religious diversity or disagreement seem to support skepticism regarding justified (or rational) religious belief. Those religious believers who would resist can (i) argue that the principles that convict the faithful of irrationality overreach, and would establish a more widespread skepticism about rational belief; (ii) downgrade their disagreeing interlocutor(s); (iii) appeal to epistemic permissivism; or (iv) argue that the believer is no worse off, epistemically speaking, than the atheist or agnostic non-believer. After presenting what the present author regards as the best version of the argument from diversity or disagreement, the chapter argues that any believer who hopes for truth will not get much solace from any of these responses.
Rationalist Resistance to Disagreement-Motivated Religious Skepticism
Authors: Pittard John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many epistemologists argue that responses to disagreement should exhibit a certain kind of epistemic impartiality. “Strong conciliationists” claim that we ought to give equal weight to the views of those who, judged from a dispute-neutral perspective, appear to be our “epistemic peers” with respect to some disputed matter. Using a Bayesian framework, Chapter 8 considers whether there is a plausible epistemic impartiality principle that would require us to give up confident religious (or irreligious) belief in favor of religious skepticism. It is argued that the strong conciliationist’s epistemic impartiality is untenable, at least in contexts like the religious domain where the primary questions under dispute cannot be cleanly separated from questions about what qualifications are needed to reliably assess those primary questions. The chapter recommends instead a rationalist view on which rational insight can sustain justified confidence even when impartial grounds are lacking. It closes by defending the “religious acceptability” of this rationalist epistemology.
Democracy of the Dead? The Relevance of Majority Opinion in Theology
Authors: Choi Isaac 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 11 explores whether the majority opinion in Christian theology should be deferred to, or strongly preferred, whether it be the majority opinion over the history of the church (as in G. K. Chesterton’s “democracy of the dead”) or the majority opinion of contemporary theologians. It is argued that because of the vast differences in accessible evidence between past and present-day theologians, diachronic majority opinion is not a good indicator of where the truth lies. In the synchronic case, ignorance of minority arguments, biases, selection effects, and the difficulty to deciding who gets to vote present many opportunities for majorities to be wrong. Finally, it is considered whether the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit could rescue the democracy of the dead, but the conclusion is reached that given the gentle way God corrects us, diachronic majority opinion, apart from belief in a very basic set of truths, is not epistemically bolstered by the Spirit.
Corporate Capacity
Authors: Micheler Eva 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the ultra vires doctrine, under which the capacity of companies used to be limited by the objects stated in their memorandum. This doctrine could be justified through a concession style argument as well as through contractual analysis. The doctrine, however, proved unsuitable for the operation of commercial organizations. These organizations need flexibility, and the law adapted to the requirements of organizational action and now mandates that all non-charitable companies have unlimited capacity. The chapter then analyses the recent recommendation for companies to set themselves a purpose discouraging them form making the generation of financial return their primary objective. It argues that the programmatic statement of a corporate purpose is likely to bring about only cosmetic changes. If there is a desire for wider aims to be integrated into corporate decisions these would have to be institutionalized. This can be achieved, for example, by identifying a board member to represent these interests on the board.
Poet of the Medieval Modern
Authors: Brooks Francesca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The early Middle Ages provided twentieth-century poets with the material to reimagine and rework local, religious, and national identities in their writing. Poet of the Medieval Modern focuses on a key figure within this tradition, the Anglo-Welsh poet and artist David Jones (1895–1974), and represents the first extended study of the influence of early medieval culture and history from England on Jones and his novel-length late modernist poem The Anathemata (1952). The Anathemata, the second major poetic project after In Parenthesis (1937), fuses Jones’s visual and verbal arts to write a Catholic history of Britain as told through the history of man-as-artist. Drawing on unpublished archival material including manuscripts, sketches, correspondence, and, most significantly, the marginalia from David Jones’s Library, Poet of the Medieval Modern reads with Jones in order to trouble the distinction we make between poetry and scholarship. Placing this underappreciated figure firmly at the centre of new developments in modernist and medieval studies, Poet of the Medieval Modern brings the two fields into dialogue and argues that Jones uses the textual and material culture of the early Middle Ages—including Old English prose and poetry, Anglo-Latin hagiography, early medieval stone sculpture, manuscripts, and historiography—to re-envision British Catholic identity in the twentieth-century long poem. In The Anathemata Jones returned to the English record to seek out those moments where the histories of the Welsh had been elided or erased. At a time when the Middle Ages are increasingly weaponized in far-right and nationalist political discourse, the book offers a timely discussion of how the early medieval past has been resourced to both shore up and challenge English hegemonies across modern British culture.
From Flexible Balancing Tool to Quasi-Constitutional Straitjacket—How the EU Cultivates the Constraining Function of the Three-Step Test
Authors: Senftleben Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on one of the most important hedges protecting strong intellectual property rights: the three-step test. This test forms part of the TRIPS Agreement and other international treaties, as well as EU law. It regulates the room for the adoption of limitations and exceptions to exclusive rights across different fields of IP. As a flexible compromise formula, the provision plays a crucial role at the intersection between IP protection and areas of freedom that serve competing economic, social, and cultural interests. The chapter then outlines the potential enabling and constraining functions of the three-step test in international and supranational copyright law and explores the way in which a potentially flexible international balancing tool has been converted into a powerful IP hedge. In particular, it looks at the embedding of the constraining function in EU law and the Marrakesh Treaty.
Dying to Act
Authors: Brown Pamela Allen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shakespeareans stereotype the comici as bawdy masked clowns, not knowing that leading Italian companies played prestigious tragedy as well as comedy and pastoral. The unmasked actress capable of stirring pathos and desire enabled them to change their repertory and their fortunes. Most Italian tragedies had female heroines, but they were long and static, so the diva set about cutting and adapting them; they also borrowed tragic stories from romance epics and the novella. They produced showpieces full of extreme passions, plangent laments, and violent words and deeds. This new style reached England and altered tragic playwriting in works by Marlowe, Marston, Webster, and others. Two groundbreaking roles—Bel-imperia in Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy and Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, worlds apart in most ways—share the profile of the audacious, strong-willed, eloquent, and artful innamorata whose spectacular life and death reflect the unusual autonomy and theatrical brilliance of the tragic diva.
Who’s It? Acting the Actress in Shakespearean Comedy
Authors: Brown Pamela Allen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Comedy was the mainstay of the Shakespearean stage, which constantly adapted roles, methods, and plot elements from the Italians, who performed and disseminated both scripted and improvised plays. Using Italian sources about the playing and materials of star actresses, this chapter tracks their imprint in the roles of Bianca in The Taming of the Shrew, Julia in The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Beatrice in Much Ado about Nothing, Viola in Twelfth Night, and Helena in All’s Well that Ends Well. Each bears a distinctive comic profile with un-English female traits—such as improvisatory wit, Latin learning, violent passions, delight in acting, and showy poeticism—in ways that stress alien theatricality, agency, and glamour. Some aspects satirize racialized traits, for example Catholic deviousness, Sicilian violence, and Italianate “sexual strangeness.”
Dark Ambition: The Two Faces of Portia
Authors: Brown Pamela Allen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Portia in The Merchant of Venice has all the hallmarks of a great diva, such as Isabella Andreini or Vincenza Armani. She is famous beyond Italy, prodigiously intellectual, versatile, and brilliantly clever at devising plots that show off her acting skills, especially cross-gender disguise. Portia banters, plots, and travels with the confidence of a seasoned professional, while suitors and observers extol her golden virtues in paeans like those lavished on star actresses. Yet the diva of Belmont is too good to be true and too theatrical to be good; audiences might well interpret her artful cunning, sophistication, and duplicity as “dark” Italian qualities. In fact, Portia’s zest for acting, wifely insubordination, casual racism, and notable lack of mercy tend to unsettle her mask of moral perfection, as she relishes her diva-like domination of Morocco, Shylock, Bassanio, and Antonio.
Hospitable Friendship
Authors: Kumojima Tomoe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 sets up the theoretical questions of female friendship across race, nationality, and gender. It establishes exclusivism in the philosophical discourses of friendship and hospitality and their political and ethical implications demonstrated by Jacques Derrida. It then discusses the practical challenges the three Victorian women travellers to Meiji Japan—Isabella Bird, Mary Crawford Fraser, and Marie Stopes—pose to the male homosocial model of friendship with their praxis of friendship and hospitality through their writing. It highlights the aporias of male philosophical theorizations and addresses them with female literary representations of real-life instances of cultural exchange and congress in a non-Western context. Drawing on feminist theorizations of open subjectivity and affective relationality, it presents alternative models and paradigms of friendship, which the book terms hospitable friendship, and argues for particular political affordances of literature for cross-racial female solidarity.
A Traveller Who Laughs
Authors: Kumojima Tomoe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (1880) by Isabella Bird, focusing on textual manifestations of intimacy between Bird and Japanese people, particularly her interpreter-guide Ito. Drawing on theoretical discussions in feminist anthropology and affect theory, it reveals the complexity of the politics between the traveller and hosts as well as Bird’s fluid identity and exceptional openness towards the alterity of Japanese culture. It also carries out a textual analysis of Itō no koi (Itō’s Romance) (2005), a retelling of Bird’s journey from Ito’s perspective by the twenty-first-century Japanese writer Nakajima Kyōko. It argues that Nakajima’s rewriting accords Bird and her contemporary Japanese women literary afterlife through their intergenerational female friendship. It also presents a thorough critique of the traditional androcentric paradigm of survival and friendship. It thus indicates the exciting possibility of travel writing in the field of world literature.
Antagonistic modules regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes via GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors
Authors: Li Mengping , Lee Keun Pyo , Liu Tong , Dogra Vivek , Duan Jianli , Li Mengshuang , Xing Weiman , Kim Chanhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors drive the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) indispensable for chloroplast biogenesis. Salicylic acid (SA)-induced SIGMA FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SIB1), a transcription coregulator and positive regulator of cell death, interacts with GLK1 and GLK2 to reinforce the expression of PhANGs, leading to photoinhibition of photosystem II and singlet oxygen (1O2) burst in chloroplasts. 1O2 then contributes to SA-induced cell death via EXECUTER 1 (EX1; 1O2 sensor protein)-mediated retrograde signaling upon reaching a critical level. This earlier finding has initiated research on the potential role of GLK1/2 and EX1 in SA signaling. Consistent with this view, we reveal that LESION-SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), a transcription coregulator and negative regulator of SA-primed cell death, interacts with GLK1/2 to repress their activities in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Overexpression of LSD1 repressed GLK target genes, including PhANGs, whereas loss of LSD1 enhanced their expression. Remarkably, LSD1 overexpression inhibited chloroplast biogenesis, resembling the characteristic glk1glk2 double mutant phenotype. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with expression analyses further revealed that LSD1 inhibits the DNA-binding activity of GLK1 toward its target promoters. SA-induced nuclear-targeted SIB1 proteins appeared to interrupt the LSD1–GLK interaction, and the subsequent SIB1–GLK interaction activated EX1-mediated 1O2 signaling, elucidating antagonistic modules SIB1 and LSD1 in the regulation of GLK activity. Taken together, we provide a working model that SIB1 and LSD1, mutually exclusive SA-signaling components, antagonistically regulate GLK1/2 to fine-tune the expression of PhANGs, thereby modulating 1O2 homeostasis and related stress responses.