bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valsartan in combination with metformin and gliclazide in diabetic rat model using developed RP-HPLC method
Authors: Patra Rasmita , Kollati Yedukondalu , NS Sampath Kumar , Dirisala Vijaya R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral administration of biguanides (metformin) and sulfonylureas (gliclazide) are the most common approach of management of type 2 diabetes in humans. Among these diabetic patients, approximately 40–60% suffers from hypertension. Hence, the need of the day is application of polytherapy. A major challenge in polytherapy is the drug-drug interactions that may arise. Hence, this study is focused to develop a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for concurrent estimation of diabetic drug metformin and hypertension drug valsartan using C18 column and find any possible pharmacokinetic interactions between the two drug combinations strategies, i.e., metformin-valsartan and gliclazide-valsartan in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Result
The bioanalysis of drug-drug interaction pharmacokinetic result showed no significant difference in the tmax of single treatment of gliclazide and single treatment of metformin or upon co-administration with valsartan.

Conclusion
Our study has shown that polytherapy of valsartan, a drug administered for hypertension along with hypoglycemic drugs metformin and gliclazide, can be advantageous and safe in patients suffering from both diabetes and hypertension.
Towards forming a socio-ecological action model for urban open spaces’ design in New Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Rasmi Dalia M. , Zayed Mohamed A. , Dewidar Khaled M. , Gabr Hisham S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnder the supervision of UN-Habitat, the Egyptian General Organization of Physical Planning started its first phase of “Promoting Better Quality and More Manageable Public Spaces Project, 2021” that targets enhancement and development of open spaces quality in New Cairo, Egypt. This project is functioning under three main objectives: (1) recognize the most occupied urban open spaces in New Cairo, (2) identify the required community needs in these urban open spaces, and (3) evaluate quality and suitability of these open spaces for public usage. In this paper, we are attempting to achieve the 2nd objective addressed previously by laying hands on hidden correlations among socio-ecological community needs. This is achieved in two phases; the first phase is mainly concerned with adapting thematic analytical method to tackle multiple correlations while reviewing literature, while the second phase is focusing on conducting a pilot study survey in East Academy district to validate the previously concluded socio-ecological correlations. Also findings indicate that East-Academy’s open spaces have strong correlations with multiple socio-ecological attributes and that ten urban qualities showed the highest positive measures. These correlations, in the future, can be used to establish an intervention action model.
Incidence of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Patients With Acromegaly Is Increased: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Esposito Daniela , Ragnarsson Oskar , Johannsson Gudmundur , Olsson Daniel S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Whether cancer risk in acromegaly is increased remains controversial, and the risk of benign tumors has been little studied.

Objective
To investigate the incidence of benign and malignant tumors in acromegaly in a nationwide population-based study.

Methods
Adult patients diagnosed with acromegaly between 1987 and 2017 were identified in the Swedish National Patient Registry. The diagnoses of benign and malignant tumors were recorded. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for neoplasms with 95% CIs were calculated using the Swedish general population as reference.

Results
The study included 1296 patients (52% women). Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 51.6 (14.7) years. Median (range) follow-up time was 11.7 (0-31) years. Overall, 186 malignancies were identified in acromegalic patients compared with 144 expected in the general population (SIR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.5). The incidence of colorectal and anal cancer (SIR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.2), and renal and ureteral cancer (SIR 4.0; 95% CI 2.3-6.5) was increased, whereas the incidence of malignancies of the respiratory system, brain, prostate, and breast was not. Only 3 cases of thyroid cancer were recorded. Mortality due to malignancies was not increased (SMR 1.1; 95% CI 0.9-1.4). Incidence of benign tumors was increased more than 2-fold (SIR 2.4; 95% CI 2.1-2.7).

Conclusion
Patients with acromegaly had an increased risk of both benign and malignant tumors, including colorectal and anal cancer, and renal and ureteral cancer. Whether this is associated with acromegaly itself or due to more intensive medical surveillance remains to be shown.
Pilot Trial of Vitamin D3 and Calcifediol in Healthy Vitamin D Deficient Adults: Does It Change the Fecal Microbiome?
Authors: Shieh Albert , Lee S Melanie , Lagishetty Venu , Gottleib Carter , Jacobs Jonathan P , Adams John S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Experimental studies suggest that vitamin D receptor signaling may benefit the gut microbiome. In humans, whether vitamin D supplementation directly alters the gut microbiome is not well studied.

Objective
To determine whether correcting vitamin D deficiency with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, D3) or calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25(OH)D3) changes gut microbiome composition.

Methods
18 adults with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &lt;20 ng/mL) received 60 µg/day of D3 or 20 µg/day of 25(OH)D3 for 8 weeks. Changes in serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-diydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were assessed. We characterized composition of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and examined changes in α-diversity (Chao 1, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, Shannon Index), β-diversity (DEICODE), and genus-level abundances (DESeq2).

Results
Vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 groups were similar. After 8 weeks of vitamin D3, mean 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D increased significantly, but 1,25(OH)2D did not (25(OH)D: 17.8-30.1 ng/mL, P = .002; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.1 to 2.7 ng/mL, P =0.003; 1,25(OH)2D: 49.5-53.0 pg/mL, P = .9). After 8 weeks of 25(OH)D3, mean 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and 1,25(OH)2D increased significantly (25(OH)D: 16.7-50.6 ng/mL, P &lt; .0001; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.3-6.2 ng/mL, P = .0001; 1,25(OH)2D: 56.5-74.2 pg/mL, P = .05). Fecal microbial α-diversity and β-diversity did not change with D3 or 25D3 supplementation. Mean relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and mean relative abundance of Bacterioidetes decreased from baseline to 4 weeks, but returned to baseline by study completion. DESeq2 analysis did not confirm any statistically significant taxonomic changes.

Conclusion
In a small sample of healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency, restoration of vitamin D sufficiency with vitamin D3 or 25(OH)D3 did not lead to lasting changes in the fecal microbiota.
Cytoplasmic factories for axonemal dynein assembly
Authors: King Stephen M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Axonemal dyneins power the beating of motile cilia and flagella. These massive multimeric motor complexes are assembled in the cytoplasm, and subsequently trafficked to cilia and incorporated into the axonemal superstructure. Numerous cytoplasmic factors are required for the dynein assembly process, and, in mammals, defects lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia, which results in infertility, bronchial problems and failure to set up the left-right body axis correctly. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has been proposed to underlie the formation of numerous membrane-less intracellular assemblies or condensates. In multiciliated cells, cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal dyneins also occurs in condensates that exhibit liquid-like properties, including fusion, fission and rapid exchange of components both within condensates and with bulk cytoplasm. However, a recent extensive meta-analysis suggests that the general methods used to define LLPS systems in vivo may not readily distinguish LLPS from other mechanisms. Here, I consider the time and length scales of axonemal dynein heavy chain synthesis, and the possibility that during translation of dynein heavy chain mRNAs, polysomes are crosslinked via partially assembled proteins. I propose that axonemal dynein factory formation in the cytoplasm may be a direct consequence of the sheer scale and complexity of the assembly process itself.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE SPRING WHEAT CROP IN VARIOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE TYUMEN REGION
Authors: Zemcova Elena , Bome Nina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. During the growing seasons of 2014-2016, 22 varieties of spring soft wheat were evaluated according to economically valuable characteristics. The purpose of the work was to determine the features of the formation of the yield of the studied varieties based on the analysis of the variability of the main elements of its structure in the conditions of the taiga agro-climatic zone of Tyumen region. Varieties belonging to two groups of ripeness (medium-early and medium-ripe) were evaluated on plots with an accounting area of 1 m2, the repetition of the experiment was 4-fold. The soil is loamy in terms of granulometric composition, the humus content is 4.5 %, pH=7.1. The limiting factor of the wheat harvest in the first year of the study was insufficient heat supply (the average daily air temperature is 1.4 0C lower than the average long-term value) against the background of a lack of precipitation (62 % relative to the norm), which caused the formation of a puny grain. In the second year, heavy precipitation (155 % of the norm for the growing season) and having a stormy character in July led to the lodging of plants and an increase in the contamination of grain with fungal diseases. In the third year, the high air temperature (3.2 0C higher than long-term indicators) caused a reduction in the duration of the tillering phase and a decrease in the number of productive shoots. The signs - the number of shoots, the weight of grain from the ear, the weight of 1000 grains and the length of the stem (the coefficients of variation (CV) were – 20...22 %) were subject to a significant degree of variation during the study period, the number of grains in the ear and the length of the ear (CV – 2...3 %) practically did not change. We observed the compensation of some elements of the crop structure by others. Thus, the insufficient number of stems was compensated by an increase in the share of productive stems, a low number of productive shoots – by a higher productivity of the ear, a relatively low water content of the ear – by an increase in the mass of 1000 grains. As a result, the yield level varied slightly over the years of the study (CV-7 %)
Short-circuited stub-loaded spoof surface plasmon polariton transmission lines with flexibly controllable lower out-of-band rejections
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Sun Yaxiu , Zhang Kuang , Wu Qun , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2021

This Letter proposes an approach to develop a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission line (TL) by loading short-circuited (SC) shunt stubs. Lower out-of-band rejections can be flexibly controlled without affecting the upper cutoff frequency by independently modifying the stubs. Dispersion analysis of the SSPP unit is realized by theoretical calculation and circuit simulation to predict the upper cutoff frequency of the proposed SSPP TL simultaneously. Also, parametric sweeping of the SC shunt stubs is performed based on circuit simulation to investigate their impacts on the lower and upper out-of-band rejections of the proposed SSPP TL. In addition, electric field distributions of different types of TLs are simulated and compared to study the transmission characteristics of the proposed SSPP TL. The lower cutoff frequency can be flexibly tuned in a wide range, from 1.2 to 2.1 GHz, in the simulations. The measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth is about 128.1%, covering a range from 1.19 to 5.43 GHz. The numerical and experimental results are compatible, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. This approach can offer more convenience and flexibility for controlling the rejections of the SSPP by introducing up to four tuning parameters. More importantly, the proposed SSPP TL avoids using the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique, which shows the potential to decrease the transverse width (

0.44

λ
g

), especially at lower frequencies (e.g., 1.2 GHz), and to reduce the complexity in designing the high-efficiency transition. This work paves the way for the development of novel SSPP-based microwave devices.
Deep UV to NIR frequency combs via cascaded harmonic generation in a silica nanowire using nanojoule pulse energies
Authors: Mishra Akhileshwar , Pant Ravi 
Published: August 2021

Compact, turnkey frequency combs in the deep ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region are important for applications ranging from ultralow power spectroscopy and quantum memory to light–atom interactions. Translation of an IR (1550 nm) comb from a compact mode-locked laser (MLL) to visible wavelength region, using cascading of optical nonlinearities, provides the simplest way to realize an on-demand deep UV to NIR comb. However, the translation of an IR comb to the visible region extending from deep UV to NIR has been difficult to achieve in a single device. We exploit chirped pulsed compression and dispersion engineering to report the simultaneous generation of second- (780 nm), third- (520 nm) and sixth-order (260 nm) harmonics of a 1560 nm MLL in a 10 mm long silica nanowire using nanojoule pulse energies. RF spectrum measurements of the 520 nm signal show that the 82 MHz frequency comb at 1560 nm is translated to visible. The use of a single-mode fiber nanotaper and turnkey mode-locked IR laser creates a hybrid platform that provides deep UV to NIR comb and enables applications in quantum optics through trapping and probing of atoms using the evanescent field of nanotaper.
Impact of large choroidal vessels on choriocapillaris flow deficit analyses in optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Hacker Valentin , Reiter Gregor Sebastian , Schranz Markus , Told Reinhard , Reumüller Adrian , Hofer Dominik , Steiner Irene , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Sacu Stefan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To investigate the impact of large choroidal vessels (LCV) on Choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit (FD) analyses with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA)

Design
Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Methods
Macular 6x6mm SS-OCTA scans were obtained from intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) and healthy eyes. Images were captured and processed according to most common standards and analyzed for percentage of flow-deficits (FD%) within four 1x1mm squares at the corners of each image. Choroidal thickness (CT), iris color and refraction error were considered as potential influential factors for LCV visibility. A linear mixed model and logistic regression models were calculated for statistical evaluation.

Results
Sixty-nine iAMD and 49 age-matched healthy eyes were enrolled. LCV were visible in at least one sector in 52% of iAMD and 47% of healthy eyes. Within the iAMD group FD% were significantly lower in areas containing LCV (p = 0.0029). Increasing CT resulted in an odds ratio decrease of LCV (OR: 0.94, p<0.0001). Below a CT value of ≤118μm LCV could be expected with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 85%.

Conclusions
LCV can significantly affect CC FD analyses of SS-OCTA images. Their visibility is negatively associated with CT. The impact of LCV should be taken into account when performing CC FD assessments, especially in patients where reduced CT is to be expected and inclusion of affected areas should be considered carefully.
Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients
Authors: Leon-Abarca Juan Alonso , Portmann-Baracco Arianna , Bryce-Alberti Mayte , Ruiz-Sánchez Carlos , Accinelli Roberto Alfonso , Soliz Jorge , Gonzales Gustavo Francisco 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe objective of this study is to analyze how the impact of Diabetes Mellitus [DM] in patients with COVID-19 varies according to altitudinal gradient.MethodsWe obtained 1,280,806 records from adult patients with COVID-19 and DM to analyze the probability of COVID-19, development of COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, intubation, admission to the Intensive Care Unit [ICU] and case-fatality rates [CFR]. Variables were controlled by age, sex and altitude of residence to calculate adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios.ResultsPatients with DM had a 21.8% higher prevalence of COVID-19 and an additional 120.2% higher prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia. The adjusted prevalence was also higher for these outcomes as well as for hospitalization, intubation and ICU admission. COVID-19 and pneumonia patients with DM had a 97.0% and 19.4% higher CFR, respectively. With increasing altitudes, the probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and the development of pneumonia decreased along CFR for patients with and without DM. However, COVID-19 patients with DM were more likely to require intubation when residing at high altitude.ConclusionsThe study suggests that patients with DM have a higher probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and developing pneumonia. Higher altitude had a protective relationship against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, it may be associated with more severe cases in patients with and without DM. High altitude decreases CFR for all COVID-19 patients. Our work also shows that women are less affected than men regardless of altitude.
University students’ perspectives, planned uptake, and hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine: A multi-methods study
Authors: Mant Madeleine , Aslemand Asal , Prine Andrew , Jaagumägi Holland Alyson 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo investigate university students’ willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to them.MethodA multi-methods approach was used—online convenience sample surveys and semi-structured interviews—of young adults attending a large Canadian public university. Two survey samples were collected (June 20-July 28, 2020 and September 22-October 17, 2020). Semi-structured interviews were conducted following each survey, interviewing 20 students in each round.ResultsIn June 77.8% of surveyed students (n = 483) were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine; in September 79.6% were willing (n = 1269). Multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses found that increasing perception of the severity of COVID-19 predicted the likelihood that a respondent was willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine in both surveys. In the latter survey students who indicated they would be encouraged to get the COVID-19 vaccine if their doctor/pharmacist recommended it were 76 times more likely to be willing to get the vaccine than those who would not be encouraged by medical advice. Interviews revealed concerns about the speed of the vaccine roll out, safety, and efficacy.ConclusionsThe majority of university students intend to get the COVID-19 vaccine, but there are nuanced concerns about efficacy and safety that must be taken into account by public health authorities as the vaccine becomes available to this group. Ensuring that family doctors, pharmacists, and other front-line healthcare workers have consistent and clear information regarding the benefits of vaccination will be critical to encouraging uptake among young adults.
Changes and prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters in elderly patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: The EU-CaRE observational study
Authors: Marcin Thimo , Eser Prisca , Prescott Eva , Prins Leonie F. , Kolkman Evelien , Bruins Wendy , van der Velde Astrid E. , Peña Gil Carlos , Iliou Marie-Christine , Ardissino Diego , Zeymer Uwe , Meindersma Esther P. , Van’t Hof Arnoud W. J. , de Kluiver Ed P. , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: August 2021

Objective
We aimed 1) to test the applicability of the previously suggested prognostic value of CPET to elderly cardiac rehabilitation patients and 2) to explore the underlying mechanism of the greater improvement in exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption, VO2) after CR in surgical compared to non-surgical cardiac patients.

Methods
Elderly patients (≥65 years) commencing CR after coronary artery bypass grafting, surgical valve replacement (surgery-group), percutaneous coronary intervention, percutaneous valve replacement or without revascularisation (non-surgery group) were included in the prospective multi-center EU-CaRE study. CPETs were performed at start of CR, end of CR and 1-year-follow-up. Logistic models and receiver operating characteristics were used to determine prognostic values of CPET parameters for major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Linear models were performed for change in peak VO2 (start to follow-up) and parameters accounting for the difference between surgery and non-surgery patients were sought.

Results
1421 out of 1633 EU-CaRE patients performed a valid CPET at start of CR (age 73±5.4, 81% male). No CPET parameter further improved the receiver operation characteristics significantly beyond the model with only clinical parameters. The higher improvement in peak VO2 (25% vs. 7%) in the surgical group disappeared when adjusted for changes in peak tidal volume and haemoglobin.

Conclusion
CPET did not improve the prediction of MACE in elderly CR patients. The higher improvement of exercise capacity in surgery patients was mainly driven by restoration of haemoglobin levels and improvement in respiratory function after sternotomy.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register, Trial NL5166.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION AND REVENUE OF TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberosa L.) FARMERS IN PRODUCTION CENTER OF CENTRAL JAWA
Authors: Mulyani Ani , Ekowati Titik , Purbajanti Endang Dwi 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to analysis the effect of using production factors, farmer income and feasibility on Tuberoses flower (Polianthes tuberosa L.) crops. Research used census method and the number of sampel are 30 respondents, in Semarang and Magelang regency. Analysis of research used Cobb-douglas model of production function, linier regression function and one sample t test.The results of the analysis of production function showed the amount of seeds, organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, labor and the water have significant effect. The results of the analysis of the income function that have significant effect were the price and the amount of production, this means, if increase in prices or increase in production, the farmer's income will increase. One samplet t-test results showed tuberose flowers farming was profitable and feasible to be developed