bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal acid ingestion leading to gastric outlet obstruction treated by early definitive surgery—case report
Authors: Almalki Mutlaq , Yaseen Waed , Althobaiti Shatha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chemical ingestions can cause acute injury to the oesophagus, stomach, pylorus, duodenum and sometimes other organs after ingestion of corrosives, but it may be as late as 1 year after ingestion. A 30-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with sudden epigastric abdominal pain after flash material ingestion. Computed tomography of abdomen showed signs of small bowel obstruction associated with segmental small bowel ischaemic changes. Postoperatively, patient developed an intolerance to oral intake with upper gastrointestinal scope showing sever stricture at the distal gastric lumen and pylorus. The patient was taken to the operation where gastrojejunostomy and brown procedure was done. Corrosive gastric injury treatment depends on the degree of gastric involvement, related oesophageal strictures and the patient’s general health. Early surgery offers very satisfactory and physiological results, whereas avoiding gastric resection or bypass provides very satisfactory and physiological outcomes.
Mapping information and identifying disinformation based on digital humanities methods: From accuracy to plasticity
Authors: Longhi Julien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The subject of Fake News has recently become very popular, with many articles, reports, and even academic events taking up this subject. However, media coverage remains generally quite superficial and the topic is often approached from the viewpoint of the ‘accuracy’ of the information. In this article, I would like to highlight the discursive dimension, which I believe to be crucial when looking at Fake News. I will therefore seek to approach this issue not from a true/false perspective, but rather by considering the processes of turning information into discourse, of handling and constructing social reality or referents. To this end, I shall first outline the contribution that the digital humanities can make to the analysis of meaning in corpora, and the way in which they can provide a means to objectively access interpretative processes within the information conveyed.
Parental Adherence to Home Activities in Early Intervention for Young Children With Delayed Motor Development
Authors: Gmmash Afnan S , Effgen Susan K , Skubik-Peplaski Camille , Lane Justin D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between characteristics of home activities and coaching practices with the adherence of parents of children with motor delays to home activities provided by physical therapists and occupational therapists in early intervention.

Methods
An online survey study was developed and distributed to physical therapists and occupational therapists across the United States. A survey flier was posted online in parent support groups, physical and occupational therapy groups, newsletters, and organizations supporting parents of children with disabilities.

Results
A total of 720 respondents participated in the survey, and 446 participants from 49 states met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Parents indicated that physical therapists and occupational therapists applied the 5 coaching practices (joint planning, observation, practice, reflection, and feedback). However, parents (63%) reported more time was needed on coaching. Parents stated that therapists’ modeling the activities was the most helpful teaching technique that enhanced their adherence to home activities. Coaching practices, appropriateness of the home activities to daily routines and home environment, provision of home activities enjoyed by the child, and parent self-efficacy were all significantly associated with adherence to home activities.

Conclusions
Parents’ adherence to home activities is affected not only by the type of coaching used by the therapists but also by the characteristics of the home activities provided for young children with delayed motor development.

Impact
The results of this study provide additional evidence supporting individualization of home activities to promote parents’ continuous provision of learning opportunities to promote their children’s development. There was also support of the therapists’ use of the 5 coaching practices in early intervention to support the parent’s application of home activities when the therapists are not present.

Lay Summary
This study explored the use of home activities from the parents’ perspective and provided valuable recommendations to therapists to improve parents’ adherence to the recommended home activities in early intervention.
Neonatal Anthropometric Measures and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Depth
Authors: Armbruster Debra , Slaughter Jonathan , Stenger Michael , Warren Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are used routinely in neonatal care. Measures of surface anatomy have been used to estimate appropriate PICC depth in neonates since 1973. However, prior PICC research using anthropometric measures to estimate proper PICC insertion depth has been limited to pediatric and adult literature.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among a neonate's anthropometric measures and the appropriate PICC insertion depth.

Methods:
Neonates requiring PICC insertion at Nationwide Children's Hospital were enrolled between January and September 2018. Standard PICC procedures were followed. The research group corroborated appropriate PICC tip position of enrolled infants. Multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors was used to evaluate linear relationships between PICC insertion depth and current weight, current length, and PICC insertion site.

Results:
Demographics of enrolled infants included gestational ages of 23 to 39 weeks, weights of 510 to 3870 g, and lengths of 31 to 54 cm. Of the 56 infants considered, final statistical analysis included 49 neonates (14 ankle, 16 knee, and 19 antecubital insertions). Current neonatal weight was associated with PICC depth at all sites (all Ps < .0001). Current neonatal length was associated with PICC depth at all sites (all Ps < .0001). Preprocedure surface measurement was also strongly associated with PICC insertion depth (P < .0001).

Implications for Practice:
This investigation demonstrated a relationship for both neonatal weight and length that may be an anthropometric model for neonatal PICC insertion depth.

Implications for Research:
A more robust sample size could more precisely define the anthropometric model.
The Effect of a Continuous Milk Warming System on Weight Gain in Very Low Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Bedwell Susan M. , Buster Barbara , Sekar Krishnamurthy 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Few studies support the practice of warming human milk before feeding. No studies have compared the method of warming milk and its effect on growth, particularly in preterm infants.

Purpose:
To evaluate growth in preterm infants receiving continuously warmed human milk as compared with infants receiving human milk warmed in a hot water bath before feeding.

Methods:
Forty-four infants less than 32 weeks' gestation admitted to a regional referral level IV neonatal intensive care unit in south central United States were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (continuous warming: n = 22) or the control group (hot water bath: n =22) for 10 days. All infants were on full human milk feedings (120-130 kcal/kg/d) as part of a standardized feeding protocol. Tolerance and weight gain over the 10-day period were used to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous milk warming.

Results:
There was a significant difference in weight gain for infants receiving continuously warmed milk compared with infants receiving standard warmed milk (203.73 ± 70.71 vs 271.95 ± 67.40, P = .002).

Implications for Practice:
The use of continuous milk warming improves weight gain in very low birth-weight infants.
A Cross-sectional Survey of Enteral Feeding Tube Placement and Gastric Residual Aspiration Practices
Authors: Perumbil Pathrose Sheeja , Spence Kaye , Taylor Christine , Psalia Kim , Schmied Virginia , Dahlen Hannah , Badawi Nadia , Gregory Katherine , Peters Karen , Foster Jann 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Preterm infants routinely require enteral feeding via nasogastric or orogastric tubes as an alternative to oral feeding to meet their nutritional needs. Anecdotal evidence suggests variations in practice related to correct tube placement and assessment of feed intolerance.

Purpose:
To determine the current practices of enteral feeding tube placement confirmation and gastric residual (GR) aspiration of neonatal clinicians in Australia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey comprising 24 questions was distributed to nursing and medical health professionals working in Australian neonatal care units through 2 e-mail listservs made available by professional organizations.

Findings:
The survey was completed by 129 clinicians. A single method was practiced by 50% of the clinicians in confirming tube placement, and most common practice was assessing the pH of GR aspirate. The majority of respondents (96%) reported that they relied on GR aspiration and clinical signs to determine feeding tolerance and subsequent decisions such as ceasing or decreasing feeds. However, the frequency of aspiration, the amount and color of aspirate considered to be normal/abnormal, and decisions on whether to replace gastric aspirate or whether aspiration should be performed during continuous tube feeding varied.

Implication for practice:
This study demonstrated considerable variability in clinical practice for enteral feeding tube placement confirmation and GR aspiration despite most respondents reporting using a unit-based clinical practice guideline. Our study findings highlight the need for not only developing evidence-based practice guidelines for safe and consistent clinical practice but also ensuring that these guidelines are followed by all clinicians.

Implication for research:
Further research is needed to establish evidence-based methods both for enteral feeding tube placement confirmation and for the assessment of feeding intolerance during tube feeding. In addition, the reasons why evidence-based methods are not followed must be investigated.
Distally Cemented Modified Hackethal’s Technique in the Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures, Surgical Technique, and Preliminary Results
Authors: Darwish Mohammad , Tannous Ziad , Saidy Elias , Ayoubi Rami , Maalouly Joseph , Wehbe Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
In 1961, Hackethal has introduced the use of multiple stacked flexible intramedullary (IM) rods in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures which is a minimally invasive method, that allowed optimal reduction with the use of IM fixation, opting for biological healing. However, this technique has several limitations that include little control over rotational stability, shortening, pin migration, and irritation of the triceps.

Materials and Methods:
In this paper, we present our modification of the classic Hackethal’s surgical technique by adding cement distally, thus making it a locked IM construct.

Results:
Preliminary results in 8 patients who underwent modified Hackethal’s technique are presented in this paper. This technique shows promising preliminary results at the level of healing, range of motion, rate of complications, cost reduction, and ease of removal of the material.

Discussion:
This modification allows better and more control in terms of rotation and shortening, especially in comminuted fractures. It also eliminates the risk of pin migration and triceps irritation, with ability to mobilize the shoulder and elbow immediately postoperatively (postop) compared with prolonged immobilization by the classic technique. These factors lead to a better postop function of the elbow and shoulder in addition to a faster recovery and return to activity. To note, the cost of this procedure is very low compared with plate fixation and other IM techniques. This surgical technique is used in patients who are not candidates for conservative treatment, and whose health care plan does not financially cover the cost of plate osteosynthesis or intramedullary nailing. This modified technique is highly cost-efficient, and it emerges as a viable treatment option in selected cases in third world countries, where the luxury of using expensive orthopedic implants is not accessible for many patients.
Intramedullary Delivery of Local Antibiotics Via Calcium Sulfate Beads for Chronic Osteomyelitis With a Simple, Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: Lex Johnathan R. , Toor Jay S. , Spurr Hayley E.M. , Cloutier Jean-Philippe , Kreder Hans J. 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
The aim of this manuscript was to describe a novel surgical technique that can be used intraoperatively to aid in the management of chronic diaphyseal osteomyelitis through the delivery of antibiotics into the medullary canal.

Technique:
Following standard intramedullary and reamer irrigator aspirator preparation of the femoral canal, a negative-pressure gradient is created through the canal. A 32-Fr chest tube is placed antegrade down the femur and used as a conduit for delivering antibiotic beads. A 20-Fr chest tube can be used to manually piston the beads further down the canal.

Uses, Outcomes, and Pitfalls:
This technique can be used to administer prefabricated calcium sulfate antibiotic beads or hand-made antibiotic polymethylmethacrylate beads evenly throughout the medullary canal of long-bones. It is a simple, cost-effective, one-surgery solution to assist clinicians when managing patients presenting with this difficult problem.
Three-Dimensional Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Novel Technique
Authors: Zein Abo Bakr , Elhalawany Ahmed S. , Nagy Mohamed , Kholeif Ahmed , El Barbary Hassan , Hegazy Mohamed , Afifi Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Minimally invasive techniques for forefoot surgery are increasingly used nowadays with short operative time and smaller incisions allowing early rehabilitation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel technique for 3-dimensional correction of hallux valgus deformity using small incisions.

Materials and methods:
A single-center, prospective study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2019. The study included a total of 36 feet in 34 patients with hallux valgus deformity treated with soft tissue release combined with osteotomy of the first metatarsal base with correction of angular, rotational deformities of the hallux and fixation by transverse pinning to the second metatarsal. Patients were assessed radiographically for union and measurements as well as clinically using the “The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS)” for functional assessment.

Results:
Union was achieved in all cases. Hallux valgus angle improved from a mean of 40±5.9 degrees to a mean of 9.1±2.3 degrees (P<0.001). Intermetatarsal angle improved from a mean of 17.5±2.1 degrees to a mean of 6.1±1.5 degrees (P<0.001). At the final follow-up period (2 y), the mean hallux valgus angle was 10.9±2.8 degrees (P<0.001) and the mean intermetatarsal angle was 7±1.7 degrees (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
This technique yielded good radiographic and functional outcomes and can be a viable option in management of mild, moderate, and severe cases of hallux valgus deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, Therapeutic study.
A Simple Corrective Strategy for Adolescent Hallux Valgus by Ilizarov Method
Authors: Subramanyam Koushik N. , Mundargi Abhishek V. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Management of adolescent hallux valgus is controversial. There is no one procedure that is described for this condition.

Materials and Methods:
The authors report for the first time a simple surgical strategy in a 14-year-old patient presenting with painful hallux valgus using the Ilizarov approach. It uses small cosmetic incisions and involves soft tissue procedures, 2-level osteotomy of the metatarsal and fixation with a novel fixator assembled with Ilizarov components.

Results:
The patient was made to weight bear with the fixator immediately after the surgery and the fixator was removed in 8 weeks. At a follow-up of 3 years, the patient has a painless plantigrade foot with acceptable deformity parameters.

Conclusion:
The authors recommend this technique in adolescent hallux valgus and propose that this technique will work equally well in adults.
Does Calculated Prognostic Estimation Lead to Different Outcomes Compared With Experience-Based Prognostication in the ICU? A Systematic Review
Authors: Basile Melissa , Press Anne , Adia Alexander C. , Wang Jason J. , Herman Saori Wendy , Lester Janice , Parikh Nisha , Hajizadeh Negin 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
Little is known about the impact of providing calculator/guideline based versus clinical experiential-based prognostic estimates to patients/caregivers in the ICU. We sought to determine whether studies have compared types of prognostic estimation in the ICU and associations with outcomes.

Data Sources:
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search was run on January 4, 2016, and April 12, 2017. References for included articles were searched.

Study Selection:
Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the analysis: communication of prognostic estimates, a comparator group, and in the adult ICU setting.

Data Extraction:
Titles/abstracts were reviewed by two researchers. We identified 10,704 articles of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Seven of the studies included estimates obtained from calculators/guidelines and three were based on subjective estimation wherein clinicians were asked to estimate prognosis based on experience. Only the seven using calculated/guideline based estimation were used for pooled analysis. Of these, one was a randomized trial, and six were nonrandomized before/after studies. All of the studies communicated the calculated/guideline-based estimates to the clinician. Two studies involved the communication of calculated prognostic estimates to the ICU physicians for all ICU patients. Four included identification of high-risk patients based on guidelines or review of historical local data which triggered a palliative care/ethics consultation, and one study included communication to physicians about guideline based likely outcomes for neurologic recovery for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. The comparator arm in all studies was usual care without protocolized prognostication.

Data Synthesis:
Included studies were assessed for risk of bias. The most common outcomes measured were hospital mortality; do-not-resuscitate status; and medical ICU length of stay. In pooled analyses, there was an association between calculated/guideline based prognostic estimation and decreased medical ICU length of stay as well as increased do-not-resuscitate status, but no difference in hospital mortality.

Conclusions:
Protocolized assessment of calculator/guideline based prognosis in ICU patients is associated with decreased medical ICU length of stay and increased do-not-resuscitate status but does not have a significant effect on mortality. Future studies should explore how communicating these estimates to physicians changes behaviors including communication to patients/families and whether calculator/guideline based prognostication is associated with improved patient and family rated outcomes.
STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Thomseth Vilde M. , Ushakova Anastasia , Krohn Jørgen , Utheim Tor P. , Austeng Dordi , Fossen Kristian , Varhaug Pål , Malmin Agni , Skeiseid Liliane , Tharaldsen Ane , Lindtjørn Birger , Johannesen Henrik , Juul Jens , Forsaa Vegard A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To compare pathology detection using multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with color fundus photography following macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
Postsurgery multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and color fundus photography images from 30 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients were examined by 10 masked graders. Imaging was performed with the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA and the digital retinal camera Basler acA2500-14gc GigE. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used as verification modality. Detection rates of ellipsoid zone disruption, foveal ellipsoid zone rosette, outer retinal folds, intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid layer, subretinal fluid blebs, retinal striae, and retinal detachment line were compared. Intermodality and intergrader agreement were estimated.

Results:
Overall pathology detection was significantly higher for multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (adjusted odds ratio = 7.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.64–33.30; P = 0.009). The intermodality and intergrader agreement on overall pathology detection were moderate. The intermodality agreement was 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.51; P < 0.0001) (Gwet's AC1). Intergrader agreement was 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.54; P < 0.0001) for multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.59; P < 0.0001) (Fleiss kappa) for color fundus photography.

Conclusion:
Multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging is superior to color fundus photography in detecting and delineating structural retinal abnormalities following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and can be a helpful tool in the visualization of retinal remodeling processes in patients recovering from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery.
ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR DOSING AND EXPECTED ACUITY OUTCOME AT 1 YEAR
Authors: Spaide Richard F. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To determine the dose–response characteristics of the antivascular endothelial growth factor agents ranibizumab and aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using published randomized trials and observational series.

Methods:
Literature review of published series from 2006 to 2018 as determined from electronic searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Data extracted included treatment strategy, frequency, and first year visual acuity response. Monthly or bimonthly treatment schedules were classified as Fixed, pro re nata studies as PRN, treat and extend as TE, and when no strategy was listed, as Variable.

Results:
Of 2062 citations retrieved, 96 were deemed eligible; these 96 citations provided 120 data points of dose frequency versus visual acuity change in Year 1 of treatment. The dose–response curve was nonlinear, but a log transform of the number of injections per year yielded a linear relationship defined by the expression, Letters of Improvement = −6.66 + 15.7*log (number of injections Year 1). After accounting for the number of injections neither the drug used (ranibizumab or aflibercept) nor the strategy used (Fixed, pro re nata, treat and extend, or Variable) were significant predictors of acuity change. As a group, studies using the pro re nata approach had the lowest number of injections and the worst acuity improvements as a treatment strategy.

Conclusion:
There seems to be a predictable, mathematically defined relationship between dose frequency and visual acuity change at 1 year in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The performance of current treatment efforts, as suggested by reported series and Medicare claims data, seems to be substandard.