bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for Biologic Treatment in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Sumpton Daniel , Kelly Ayano , Craig Jonathan C. , Hassett Geraldine , Kane Barry , Oliffe Michael , Tong Allison , Howell Martin 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess patient preferences for the characteristics and outcomes of biologic and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to manage psoriatic arthritis.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment in patients with psoriatic arthritis from 3 rheumatology centers in Sydney, Australia. We assessed preferences for different attributes of biologic medications. The route and frequency of medications had a range of 5 levels, and the following 7 attributes had a range of 3 levels: the ability to attend to normal activities, improvements in joint pain, enthesitis and skin disease, chance of disease remission, risk of infection, and risk of severe adverse events. Multinomial logit models including a latent class model were used to calculate preferences.ResultsOf the 150 participants, 58.3% were female, with a median age of 53.5 years. The attributes in order of preference using the β coefficient in absolute values (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) were as follows: oral route compared to subcutaneous and intravenous routes (β coefficient 1.00 [fixed parameter]), avoiding severe side effects (β coefficient 0.72 [95% CI 0.50, 0.95]), increasing ability to attend to normal activities (β coefficient 0.66 [95% CI 0.36, 0.96]), avoiding infections (β coefficient 0.38 [95% CI 0.23, 0.53]), improvement in enthesitis pain (β coefficient 0.28 [95% CI 0.20, 0.36]), improvement in psoriasis (β coefficient 0.28 [95% CI 0.20, 0.36]), increasing chance of remission (β coefficient 0.27 [95% CI 0.19, 0.36]), and improvement in joint pain (β coefficient 0.26 [95% CI 0.00, 0.52]).ConclusionWhen choosing biologic medications, patients with psoriatic arthritis preferred oral medications. Patients prioritized avoiding severe complications, maintaining the ability to attend to work and normal activities, and avoiding infection over clinical measures of efficacy.
Quantum Dots Encapsulated by ZrO2 Enhance the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Yao Ruohe , Shen Pei , Fang Yi , Chen Ling , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the last several years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are faced with big problems in the stability issues, which also occur in the Interface modification materials. Herein, CsPbBr1.5I1.5 quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in ZrO2 sol is introduced to improve device stability to some extent. The encapsulated QDs can improve the morphology of the perovskite layer and effectively passivate the perovskite film. The device fabricated by CsPbBr1.5I1.5 QDs encapsulated achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.23%, corresponding to 18.86% for the unmodified control devices. The performance of the device based on CsPbBr1.5I1.5/ZrO2 nanocomposites modified remains 81.8% of initial PCE after 500 h.
Surface Functionalization of Spruce‐Derived Cellulose Scaffold for Glycoprotein Separation
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Shennan , Koskela Salla , Zhou Qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtein immobilization on a stationary phase, such as nanocelluloses, is widely used in biodiagnostic, biocatalytic, and bioseparation applications. With the top‐down approach which utilizes the native hardwood honeycomb structure, mesoporous cellulose scaffolds can be fabricated without the need for energy‐consuming production and bottom‐up assembly of nanocelluloses. However, this approach is difficult for preparing softwood‐based cellulose scaffolds due to the disintegration of wood cells after complete delignification. Herein, for the first time the use of spruce softwood with a homogenous cellular structure of longitudinally positioned and top‐to‐bottom joined tracheids is explored as a scaffold for protein immobilization. 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether is utilized to crosslink cell wall polysaccharides before the delignification step, thus improving the adhesion between tracheids. The native cellular structure of spruce is well preserved after the complete removal of lignin, enabling the successful production of a highly mesoporous and mechanically robust spruce‐derived cellulose scaffold with exceptionally high specific surface area (219 m2 g−1). Further amination of the cellulose scaffold allows covalent immobilization of functional biomolecules, such as a lectin protein concanavalin A (Con A) and biotin, on the lumen surfaces and inside the porous cell wall. The Con A immobilized scaffold demonstrates native glycoprotein‐binding activity and possible glycoprotein separation application.
4D Printing of Shape‐Memory Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based On Aromatic Heterochain Polymers
Authors: Bardakova Kseniia N. , Kholkhoev Bato Ch. , Farion Ivan A. , Epifanov Evgenii O. , Korkunova Olga S. , Efremov Yuri M. , Minaev Nikita V. , Solovieva Anna B. , Timashev Peter S. , Burdukovskii Vitaliy F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost of the presently known thermosensitive shape‐memory polymers suitable for 4D printing have insufficient mechanical strength and thermal stability that restricts their potential areas of application. Here, new photosensitive compositions (PSCs) based on aromatic heterochain polymers – poly‐N,N′‐(m‐phenylene)isophthalamide (MPA) or poly‐2,2′‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5′‐dibenzimidazole (OPBI) – for DLP printing are proposed. Thermal post‐curing and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) are used for post‐processing of the structures. During the scCO2 treatment the removal of unreacted monomeric component (N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) and its uncrosslinked oligomers is accompanied by the preservation of the initial degree of crosslinking. The more stable shrinkage is observed for the combined post‐processing method (T°+scCO2) in the case of OPBI‐PSC and after the heat treatment for MPA‐PSC specimens. The method of post‐processing and the nature of the heterochain polymer strongly affect the mechanical properties and thermal resistance of the structures. The tensile strength has the maximum value after the thermal post‐treatment (101.1 ± 7.1 and 78.4 ± 5.1 MPa of OPBI‐PSC and MPA‐PSC, respectively). The intense destruction of the materials is observed at 393 and 408 °C for MPA‐PSC and OPBI‐PSC, respectively. Moreover, the 4D‐printed structures exhibit excellent shape memory performance at transition temperatures >100 °C, thus have a great potential for the use in aerospace, robotics, sensorics.
Foam fractionation removal of multiple per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from landfill leachate
Authors: McCleaf Philip , Kjellgren Ylva , Ahrens Lutz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a common contaminant in municipal landfill leachate and are recognized as a pollutant on global scale. The present work examined foam fractionation (FF) in batch and continuous modes as an appropriate treatment technique for PFAS removal for the landfill leachate and found stable removal efficiency of greater than 90% for PFOA (C7), PFOS (C8), PFHxS (C6), and PFHpA (C6) and 6:2 FTSA (C6). For other PFAS such as PFNA (C8), PFPeS (C4), PFHxA (C5), PFHpS (C7), and PFBS (C4), a less stable removal between 80% and 50% was achieved while between 50% and 20% removal was observed for EtFOSAA (C8), PFBA (C3), PFDA (C9), FOSA (C8), PFPeA (C4), and MeFOSAA (C8). Increased air flowrate, addition of iron (III) oxide (Fe+3) coagulant, conductivity, and greater untreated leachate PFAS concentration were factors resulting in increased removal efficiency for the majority of PFAS.Article Impact StatementEfficient PFAS removal from landfill leachate using surface‐active foam fractionation treatment with examination of key process parameters.
A rare case of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease reported from Nepal
Authors: Neupane Durga , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Subedi Sushil Sharma , Gupta Dilip , Chhetri Sunit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCreutzfeldt‐Jakob disease, though rare, should be considered in the clinical picture of rapidly progressive dementia and absence of verbal response as evident in our case despite the absence of typical radiological picture.
Rare primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 69‐year‐old man
Authors: Satoh Fumiko , Tsutusmi Yutaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrimary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma is rare in men. The low‐grade tumor consisted of mucin‐producing columnar cells with minimal nuclear atypia. Relationship to pseudomyxoma peritonei and disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis is discussed.
Treatment in the absence of disease reclassification among men on active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Kirk Peter S. , Zhu Kehao , Zheng Yingye , Newcomb Lisa F. , Schenk Jeannette M. , Brooks James D. , Carroll Peter R. , Dash Atreya , Ellis William J. , Filson Christopher P. , Gleave Martin E. , Liss Michael , Martin Frances , McKenney Jesse K. , Morgan Todd M. , Nelson Peter S. , Thompson Ian M. , Wagner Andrew A. , Lin Daniel W. , Gore John L. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundMaintaining men on active surveillance for prostate cancer can be challenging. Although most men who eventually undergo treatment have experienced clinical progression, a smaller subset elects treatment in the absence of disease reclassification. This study sought to understand factors associated with treatment in a large, contemporary, prospective cohort.MethodsThis study identified 1789 men in the Canary Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Study cohort enrolled as of 2020 with a median follow‐up of 5.6 years. Clinical and demographic data as well as information on patient‐reported quality of life and urinary symptoms were used in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify factors associated with the time to treatmentResultsWithin 4 years of their diagnosis, 33% of men (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%‐35%) underwent treatment, and 10% (95% CI, 9%‐12%) were treated in the absence of reclassification. The most significant factor associated with any treatment was an increasing Gleason grade group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 14.5; 95% CI, 11.7‐17.9). Urinary quality‐of‐life scores were associated with treatment without reclassification (aHR comparing “mostly dissatisfied/terrible” with “pleased/mixed,” 2.65; 95% CI, 1.54‐4.59). In a subset analysis (n = 692), married men, compared with single men, were more likely to undergo treatment in the absence of reclassification (aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.04‐6.66).ConclusionsA substantial number of men with prostate cancer undergo treatment in the absence of clinical changes in their cancers, and quality‐of‐life changes and marital status may be important factors in these decisions.Lay Summary

This analysis of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer shows that approximately 1 in 10 men will decide to be treated within 4 years of their diagnosis even if their cancer is stable.

These choices may be related in part to quality‐or‐life or spousal concerns.
Computer‐aided procedure for the analysis of the Bezold effect in achromatic samples on periodic test
Authors: Defez Beatriz , Moncho‐Santonja María , Peris‐Fajarnés Guillermo , Morcillo Eva M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Bezold effect is described as the modification in the visual perception of an object, caused by the surrounding area. Perceptual effects like this have an important role in the interpretation of colors and shapes. Industrial sectors where the appearance of products is an essential factor of success are very much conditioned by these effects. So far, the evaluation of the Bezold effect has been evaluated by means of physical samples. Here we propose a computer‐aided procedure, which simulates the physical conditions. The software has proved to provide a time‐saving method for the evaluation of the Bezold effect, so that more and more exhaustive experiments could be performed tounderstand better the phenomenon. On the other side, the study of the differences between the observation of physical and computer samples is a goal in itself, since companies of all sectors present their products online massively. This is a new research line we are currently developing for several companies of the fine arts, textile, and ceramic clusters.
(Photo)electrocatalytic Versus Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Bellardita Marianna , Loddo Vittorio , Parrino Francesco , Palmisano Leonardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the authors, University of Palermo (Italy). The image depicts the synergic coupling of the electrocatalytic system (yellow wire) with a photocatalytic one (blue wire), represented by the weaving of the two wires together. The coupled system is used for the photoelectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to form light organic species with possible simultaneous hydrogen production. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cptc.202100030.
Improvement of Treg immune response after treatment with tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Samson Maxime , Greigert Hélène , Ciudad Marion , Gerard Claire , Ghesquière Thibault , Trad Malika , Corbera‐Bellalta Marc , Genet Coraline , Ouandji Sethi , Cladière Claudie , Thebault Marine , Ly Kim Heang , Liozon Eric , Maurier François , Bienvenu Boris , Terrier Benjamin , Guillevin Loïc , Charles Pierre , Quipourt Valérie , Devilliers Hervé , Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Tarris Georges , Martin Laurent , Saas Philippe , Audia Sylvain , Cid Maria Cinta , Bonnotte Bernard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo study the percentage, suppressive function and plasticity of Treg in giant cell arteritis (GCA), and the effects of glucocorticoids and tocilizumab.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 40 controls and 43 GCA patients at baseline and after treatment with glucocorticoids + IV tocilizumab (n = 20) or glucocorticoids (n = 23). Treg percentage and phenotype were assessed by flow cytometry. Suppressive function of Treg was assessed by measuring their ability to inhibit effector T‐cell (Teff) proliferation and polarisation into Th1 and Th17 cells.ResultsTreg (CD4+CD25highFoxP3+) frequency in total CD4+ T cells was decreased in active GCA patients when compared to controls (2.5% vs. 4.7%, P < 0.001) and increased after treatment with tocilizumab but worsened after treatment with glucocorticoids alone. Treg lacking exon 2 of FoxP3 were increased in GCA patients when compared to controls (23% vs. 10% of total Treg, P = 0.0096) and normalised after treatment with tocilizumab + glucocorticoids but not glucocorticoids alone. In GCA patients, Treg were unable to control Teff proliferation and induced ˜50% increase in the amount of IL‐17+ Teff, which was improved after in vitro blockade of the IL‐6 pathway by tocilizumab.ConclusionThis study reports quantitative and functional disruptions in the regulatory immune response of GCA patients and demonstrates that, unlike glucocorticoids, tocilizumab improves Treg immune response.
Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A melting pot of circumstances and treatments
Authors: Defeudis Giuseppe , Mazzilli Rossella , Tenuta Marta , Rossini Giovanni , Zamponi Virginia , Olana Soraya , Faggiano Antongiulio , Pozzilli Paolo , Isidori Andrea M. , Gianfrilli Daniele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence of DM have been increasing over the years. The complications of DM represent a serious health problem. The long‐term complications include macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy as well as sexual dysfunction (SD) in both men and women. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been considered the most important SD in men with DM. The prevalence of ED is approximately 3.5‐fold higher in men with DM than in those without DM. Common risk factors for the development of DM and its complications include sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity and increased caloric consumption. Although lifestyle changes may help improve sexual function, specific treatments are often needed. This study aims to review the definition and prevalence of ED in DM, the impact of DM complications and DM treatment on ED and, finally, the current and emerging therapies for ED in patients with DM.
Loss of density dependence underpins decoupling of livestock population and plant biomass in intensive grazing systems
Authors: Li Ang , Chen Shi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcross the world, social‐ecological rangeland systems have been transformed from a preindustrial extensive status to intensive exploitation, often leading to long‐term livestock population booms, overgrazing, and rangeland degradation. To understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in such historical social‐ecological transformations, we collected population data on the native sheep of the last nomadic county in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (1961–2005). We detected changes in internal feedbacks (e.g., density‐dependent effects) and external disturbance (e.g., winter harshness, rainfall, harvest) between the extensive and intensive management periods using regression models of sheep population growth rate and counterfactual analyses. We found that, in the extensive period, sheep populations were regulated during harsh winters by climate, while they were regulated during mild winters by negative density dependence. In the intensive period, the negative feedback of density dependence was removed through the provision of additional forage and shelter, and only winter climate and growing season rainfall regulated sheep populations. Counterfactual analyses also confirmed the irreplaceable role of density‐dependence in maintaining a sustainable rangeland ecosystem. Although herders attempted to adapt to the removal of negative feedbacks by improving livestock harvest, overgrazing and grassland degradation remain a challenge in this system. We conclude that internal feedbacks within social‐ecological systems should be carefully anticipated and accounted for when managing rangelands for sustainability.
Synthesis of Alkoxy‐Substituted Oligosilanes using [β‐(Alkoxy)disilanyl]lithium
Authors: Matsuo Takumi , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Hirohata Tomoki , Nakamoto Masaaki , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Maeda Yutaka , Kawachi Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of (tert‐butoxy)oligosilanes using [β‐(tert‐butoxy)disilanyl]lithium 3 is described. Compound 3 was prepared by (a) the reduction of (tert‐butoxy)chlorodiphenylsilane (1) with lithium and (b) tin‐lithium exchange of [(tert‐butoxy)diphenylsilyl]stannane 6 with n‐BuLi. Disilanyllithium 3 was reacted with mono‐ and dihalosilanes and a dihalodisilane to form tri‐, penta‐, and hexasilanes bearing tert‐butoxy groups at the terminal silicon atoms. Functional group transformations of the oligosilanes were also performed. The structures of the oligosilanes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The structures and photophysical properties were discussed based on density functional theory calculations.
Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes
Authors: Ito Takashi , Nathani Akash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we highlight the uniqueness of nanoporous film‐coated electrodes as electrochemical sensing platforms. Specifically, we focus on discussing electrodes coated with insulator‐based monolithic films comprising vertically‐oriented, rigid cylindrical nanopores of uniform diameters (2–200 nm). The electrode coating results in the formation of an array of recessed nanodisk electrodes, and thus we named them recessed nanodisk‐array electrodes (RNEs). We first summarize the properties of nanoporous films commonly used for RNE fabrication, including nanoporous anodic alumina membranes, track‐etched polymer membranes, block copolymer‐derived nanoporous films, and mesoporous silica films. Subsequently, we discuss representative works that take advantage of the uniform size/shape of the nanopores for enhancing electrochemical detection selectivity and sensitivity. RNE‐based sensors measure faradaic currents from redox‐active analytes or exogenously‐added electroactive species that penetrate through the nanopores, or those from redox‐active moieties tethered to the surface of the nanopores or underlying electrodes. The enhanced detection selectivity of these sensors is attributed to the preferential partitioning of analytes into the nanopores or steric/electrostatic exclusion of interfering species. In particular, the uniform sizes/shapes of RNE nanopores play key roles in their higher molecular sieving selectivity and also in the better control of the detection selectivity based on electrostatic/chemical interactions. The detection sensitivity of RNE‐based sensors can be improved by tailoring the chemical environments of the nanopores for analyte preconcentration or for steric/electrostatic manipulation of the dynamics of redox‐tagged binding moieties. These unique characteristics of RNEs, in addition to the mitigation of electrode fouling by the nanoporous films, will enable the development of pretreatment‐free electrochemical sensors for complex matrix solutions.
Evolutionary robustness of killer meiotic drives
Authors: Madgwick Philip G. , Wolf Jason B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA meiotic driver is a selfish genetic element that interferes with the process of meiosis to promote its own transmission. The most common mechanism of interference is gamete killing, where the meiotic driver kills gametes that do not contain it. A killer meiotic driver is predicted to spread rapidly through a population at the expense of other genes in the rest of the genome. The rapid spread of a killer meiotic driver is expected to be chased by the rapid spread of a suppressor that returns fair meiosis. Paradoxically, while this might imply that meiotic drivers should be evolutionarily transient, numerous ancient killer meiotic drivers have been discovered that have persisted for millions of years. To understand the rationale that could potentially explain such evolutionary robustness, we explore different possible mechanisms of killer meiotic drive and the different possible associated mechanisms of suppression. We use a framework that considers how the different stages of meiosis result in different structured interactions among cells with different genotypes in various combinations. Across possible interactions, we show that there are three genotypically distinct drive mechanisms that create alternative selective conditions for the spread of different types of suppressors. We show that killer meiotic drivers are more evolutionarily robust if they operate among sister cells (after meiosis I and before meiosis II) than at any other point during meiosis. The different drive mechanisms we identify make testable predictions that could explain why some killer meiotic drivers are transient while others are ancient.