bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic funnel mesh to prevent parastomal hernia in permanent end colostomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ammann Yanic , Widmann Bernhard , Sparn Moritz , Warschkow Rene , Weitzendorfer Michael , Brunner Walter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis study assessed the impact of a prophylactic, 3D funnel‐shaped intraperitoneal mesh on the rate of parastomal hernia after abdominoperineal rectum resection with permanent end colostomy.MethodsData from 76 patients receiving permanent end colostomy after abdominoperineal rectum resection between 2013 and 2018 were collected retrospectively. Occurrences of parastomal hernia and reoperation rate due to parastomal hernia in patients with and without a prophylactic mesh were compared by univariate, multivariate, and propensity score‐adjusted analyses.ResultsTwenty‐two (28.9%) of the 76 included patients received a prophylactic mesh. The mean follow‐up was 39.3 ± 23.8 months. Mesh implantation reduced the incidence of parastomal hernia to 9.1% (n = 2) compared to 42.6% (n = 23) in patients without a prophylactic mesh. The propensity score‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.14 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.48, p = 0.001). No reoperations due to parastomal hernia were needed in patients who received a prophylactic mesh, while nine patients without mesh (16.7%) required parastomal hernia repair (HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.00–1.76, p = 0.015). Mesh implantation was not associated with increased short‐term morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo grade > 2, 31.8% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.468) or 30‐day mortality (4.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 1.000).ConclusionsProphylactic implantation of a 3D funnel‐shaped intraperitoneal mesh is a safe and effective method to prevent parastomal hernia in patients requiring permanent end colostomy. Mesh placement significantly reduces reoperations due to parastomal hernia.
Reclaiming immigration as a theological term with spiritual ramifications
Authors: Boursier Helen T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToo many of my Protestant clergy colleagues avoid preaching, teaching, leading, or engaging with anything immigration‐related because it is deemed “political” and too contentious by their congregants. Their collective silence creates contributes to a spiritual malaise for clergy and their congregations who willfully dodge, ignore, or deny the church's individual and collective response to this urgent social concern. Drawing from qualitative ethnographic interviews with clergy colleagues, this article provides an overview of their excuses and calls for the church to reclaim immigration as atheologicalterm that has spiritual ramifications.
Using evaluation data to predict loan performance among poor borrowers: The case of BRAC’s asset transfer and microcredit programmes
Authors: Hossain Marup , Mullally Conner 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMotivationAnti‐poverty programmes can work as a comprehensive data source of poor households’ economic behaviour and performance, a resource that is particularly scarce in environments without formal credit scores or households that have minimal involvement in economic activities.PurposeThis study examines the potential role of information generated by an anti‐poverty programme on self‐selection by borrowers (i.e., applying for a loan), screening applicants by lenders (i.e., loan approval), and borrower performance in the microcredit market.Methods and approachWe apply the logistic regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest (RF) methods to predict self‐selection, screening, and post‐loan outcomes.FindingsWe show that the rate of accurate prediction is about 70% for self‐selection and screening. We find that the prediction accuracy rate is 68% for productive use and 91% for repayment difficulty. Objective indicators (e.g., income, assets, age of the household head, savings) stand as the most influential predictors of self‐selection, screening, and post‐loan outcomes.Policy implicationsDevelopment programmes can improve availability of data needed to predict creditworthiness, suggesting that there could be potential to expand credit access among poor borrowers through partnerships between development agencies and financial institutions.
The effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown on adolescents with an eating disorder and identifying factors predicting disordered eating behaviour
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Akdemir Devrim , Nalbant Kevser , Derman Orhan , Ersöz Alan Burcu , Tüzün Zeynep , Kanbur Nuray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on adolescents with eating disorders (ED) and identify factors predicting ED behaviour.MethodThis study took place during an age‐stratified lockdown for those under 20 years in Turkey. Participants completed a survey developed to evaluate the effects of the lockdown on ED behaviour, well‐being and quality of life (QoL) and additionally the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE‐Q), and scales for depression, anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive behaviour. The relationship between the EDE‐Q‐global score and other variables related to ED was examined. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive power of these variables on ED behaviour.ResultsThirty‐eight ED patients with a mean age of 15.12 ± 1.56 years were included in the study. Of participants, 42.1% reported feeling an improvement in ED symptomatology, 71.0% reported none or rare conflict with parents due to eating, 39.5% reported often or always complying with their meal plan. Of participants, 92.0% agreed to ‘understanding the value of being healthy’ and stated realizing that ‘they were in control’ due to the pandemic. Of participants 36.9% scored ‘bad’ for both overall and ED related QoL. In the stepwise regression analysis depression score had the highest predictive value for ED behaviour.ConclusionAlmost half of the participants felt an improvement in their ED and a majority reported rare parental conflict. However, less than half reported meal plan compliance. As depression had the highest positive predictive value for ED behaviour additional screening for depression during the pandemic maybe warranted in ED patients.
Longitudinal invariance of the positive and negative syndrome scale negative dimension in antipsychotic naïve first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Kagan Simão , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo , Barbosa Matheus Ghossain , Cavalcante Daniel , Shinji André , Noto Mariane , Haguiara Bernardo , Cordeiro Quirino , Belangeiro Sintia , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Noto Cristiano , Gadelha Ary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimConstruct stability over time is required for reliable inference, but evidence regarding the longitudinal invariance of negative symptoms is still limited. Thus, we examined the longitudinal invariance of the negative dimension using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in an antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia sample at baseline and after 10 weeks.MethodsOur study was conducted at a specialized early intervention service. PANSS ratings were analysed for 138 patients, and two different models were specified and tested: a unidimensional and a two‐correlated factor solution.ResultsThe unidimensional model fulfilled criteria for longitudinal invariance, whilst the two‐correlated did not.ConclusionOur study provides support for the PANSS negative unidimensional model use to evaluate negative symptoms' longitudinal change following first‐episode schizophrenia.
Efficacy of long‐acting injectable versus oral antipsychotic drugs in early psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lian Lulu , Kim David D. , Procyshyn Ric M. , Fredrikson Diane H. , Cázares Diana , Honer William G. , Barr Alasdair M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimLong‐acting injectable antipsychotic drugs (LAIs) are often used as an alternative to oral antipsychotics (OAPs) in individuals with psychosis who demonstrate poor medication adherence. Previous meta‐analyses have found mixed results on the efficacy of LAIs, compared to OAPs, in patients with psychotic disorders. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effectiveness of using LAIs versus OAPs in the early stages of psychosis.MethodsMajor electronic databases were used to search for any studies examining the comparative effectiveness (i.e., relapse, adherence, hospitalization, and all‐cause discontinuation) of any LAIs versus OAPs in early stages of psychosis. Studies published up to 6 June, 2019 were included and no language restriction was applied. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of schizophrenia or related disorder, where patients were in their first episode or had a duration of illness ≤5 years. Data were analysed using a random‐effects model.ResultsFifteen studies (n = 10 584) were included, of which were 7 RCTs, 7 observational studies, and 1 post‐hoc analysis. We found that LAIs provided advantages over OAPs in terms of relapse rates. No significant differences were found between LAI and OAP groups in terms of all‐cause discontinuation, hospitalization, and adherence rates. However, considering only RCTs revealed advantages of LAIs over OAPs in terms of hospitalization rates.ConclusionsLAIs may provide benefits over OAPs with respect to reducing relapse and hospitalization rates in early psychosis patients. There is a need for larger and better‐designed studies comparing OAPs and LAIs specifically in early psychosis patients.
Effects of maternal age and stress on offspring quality in a viviparous fly
Authors: Lord Jennifer S. , Leyland Robert , Haines Lee R. , Barreaux Antoine M. G. , Bonsall Michael B. , Torr Stephen J. , English Sinead 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany organisms show signs of deterioration with age in terms of survival and reproduction. We tested whether intraspecific variation in such senescence patterns can be driven by resource availability or reproductive history. We did this by manipulating nutritional stress and age at first reproduction and measuring age‐dependent reproductive output in tsetse (Glossina morsitans morsitans), a viviparous fly with high maternal allocation. Across all treatments, offspring weight followed a bell‐shaped curve with maternal age. Nutritionally stressed females had a higher probability of abortion and produced offspring with lower starvation tolerance. There was no evidence of an increased rate of reproductive senescence in nutritionally stressed females, or a reduced rate due to delayed mating, as measured by patterns of abortion, offspring weight or offspring starvation tolerance. Therefore, although we found evidence of reproductive senescence in tsetse, our results did not indicate that resource allocation trade‐offs or costs of reproduction increase the rate of senescence.
Time to onset of cannabidiol treatment effects in Dravet syndrome: Analysis from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Madan Cohen Jennifer , Checketts Daniel , Dunayevich Eduardo , Gunning Boudewijn , Hyslop Ann , Madhavan Deepak , Villanueva Vicente , Zolnowska Marta , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomized controlled trials, GWPCARE1 (NCT02091375) and GWPCARE2 (NCT02224703), to estimate the time to onset of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment effects (seizure reduction and adverse events [AEs]) in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS).MethodsPatients received either plant‐derived highly purified CBD (Epidiolex in the United States; 100 mg/ml oral solution) 10 mg/kg/day (CBD10; GWPCARE2) or 20 mg/kg/day (CBD20; GWPCARE1&2), or matching placebo for 14 weeks. Treatment started at 2.5 mg/kg/day, reached 10 mg/kg/day on Day 7, and went up to 20 mg/kg/day on Day 11 during the 14‐day titration period. Percentage change from baseline in convulsive seizure frequency was calculated by cumulative day (i.e., including all previous days). Time to onset and resolution of AEs were also evaluated.ResultsOverall, 124 patients received placebo and 194 received CBD (CBD10,n = 64; CBD20,n = 130). Mean age was 9.5 years (range = 2.2–18.9). Patients had discontinued a median of four antiepileptic drugs (range = 0–26) and were currently taking a median of three (range = 1–5). Differences in convulsive seizure reduction between placebo and CBD emerged during titration and became nominally significant by Day 12 for CBD20 (p = .02) and Day 13 for CBD10 (p = .03). Additionally, differences in the 50% responder rate between placebo and CBD became apparent during titration. Onset of the first reported AE occurred during the titration period in 48.4% of placebo patients and 54.1% of CBD patients. The three most common AEs of somnolence, decreased appetite, and diarrhea resolved within 4 weeks of onset in the majority of CBD‐treated patients (56.3%–72.9%).SignificanceThe therapeutic effect of CBD in DS may start within 2 weeks of treatment in some patients. Although AEs lasted longer for CBD than placebo, most resolved within the 14‐week study period.
Snow melt timing acts independently and in conjunction with temperature accumulation to drive subalpine plant phenology
Authors: Jerome Diana K. , Petry William K. , Mooney Kailen A. , Iler Amy M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganisms use environmental cues to align their phenology—the timing of life events—with sets of abiotic and biotic conditions that favor the successful completion of their life cycle. Climate change has altered the environmental cues organisms use to track climate, leading to shifts in phenology with the potential to affect a variety of ecological processes. Understanding the drivers of phenological shifts is critical to predicting future responses, but disentangling the effects of temperature from precipitation on phenology is often challenging because they tend to covary. We addressed this knowledge gap in a high‐elevation environment where phenological shifts are associated with both the timing of spring snow melt and temperature. We factorially crossed early snow melt and passive warming treatments to (1) disentangle the effects of snow melt timing and warming on the phenology of flowering and fruiting and reproductive success in three subalpine plant species (Delphinium nuttallianum, Valeriana edulis, and Potentilla pulcherrima); and (2) assess whether snow melt acts via temperature accumulation or some other aspect of the environment (e.g., soil moisture) to affect phenological events. Both the timing and duration of flowering and fruiting responded to the climate treatments, but the effect of snow melt timing and warming varied among species and phenological stages. The combined effects of the treatments on phenology were always additive, and the snow melt treatment often affected phenology even when the warming treatment did not. Despite marked responses of phenology to climate manipulations, the species showed little change in reproductive success, with only one species producing fewer seeds in response to warming (Delphinium, −56%). We also found that snow melt timing can act both through temperature accumulation and as a distinct cue for phenology, and these effects are not mutually exclusive. Our results show that one environmental cue, here snow melt timing, may act through multiple mechanisms to shift phenology.
Preoperative bleeding risk assessment with ISTH‐BAT and laboratory tests in patients undergoing elective surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ambaglio Chiara , Zane Federica , Russo Maria Concetta , Preti Paola Stefania , Scudeller Luigia , Klersy Catherine , Gamba Gabriella , Squizzato Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with inherited haemorrhagic disorders may bleed during surgery. No questionnaire on bleeding diathesis has been yet validated for the preoperative period and current guidelines provide conflicting recommendations.AimWe aimed to assess if preoperative assessment with ISTH‐BAT (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Bleeding Assesment Tool) and laboratory screening tests is useful to identify mild previously undiagnosed bleeding disorders (BDs) and to predict bleeding complications in selected patients undergoing elective surgery.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing elective surgery received ISTH‐BAT evaluation and laboratory screening for platelet count, Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Subjects with an abnormal ISTH‐BAT and/or laboratory results underwent further testing, and they were compared with a 1:1 random gender‐, age‐ and type of surgery‐ matched control group.ResultsOverall, 1502 consecutive surgical patients (1186 adults, 316 children) were enrolled. Of these, 83 (5.5%, 95% confidence interval 4.4‐6.8) patients (37 adults and 46 children) had an abnormal ISTH‐BAT, and/or prolonged PT and/or prolonged aPTT and/or low platelet count; of them, one subject had low von Willebrand factor level, three Factor XII deficiency and four anticardiolipin and/or antiB2GPI antibodies. No major bleeding was reported in these 83 patients and their controls.ConclusionISTH‐BAT and laboratory screening tests do not accurately detect mild BDs in selected patients undergoing elective surgery.
An exploration of why men with severe haemophilia might not want gene therapy: The exigency study
Authors: Fletcher Simon , Jenner Kathryn , Holland Michael , Chaplin Steve , Khair Kate 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionFor many people with haemophilia (PwH) gene therapy offers a potential functional cure. However, some have stated that they do not wish to have gene therapy either now or in the future.AimThis sub‐study, part of the larger Exigency programme, assesses the attitudes, views and understanding of those who do not wish to undergo gene therapy.MethodsParticipants were approached via social media and word of mouth referral and invited to participate in a focus group or individual interview to discuss their views. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsTen adult men with severe haemophilia (eight haemophilia A and two haemophilia B), mean age 34.3 years, participated in a 1‐h focus group (n = 9) or interview (n = 1). All were on prophylaxis. None reported significant treatment burden, and all had annual bleeding rates of less than five in the previous 12 months. Four major themes emerged: self‐identity and its loss, lack of long‐term safety and efficacy data, ongoing concerns about past viral infection, and lack of current treatment burden.ConclusionThere are many concerns about gene therapy, including eligibility, effectiveness and safety, which may result in individuals declining it as a therapy. These concerns may recede as more data are published. This study reveals a psychological dynamic around self‐identity and belonging for PwH. The nature of this dynamic is poorly understood and needs exploration to facilitate support for those making decisions about gene therapy.
How do health services engage culturally and linguistically diverse consumers? An analysis of consumer engagement frameworks in Australia
Authors: Chauhan Ashfaq , Walpola Ramesh L. , Manias Elizabeth , Seale Holly , Walton Merrilyn , Wilson Carlene , Smith Allan B. , Li Jiadai , Harrison Reema 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEngagement frameworks provide the conceptual structure for consumer engagement in healthcare decision making, but the level to which these frameworks support culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) consumer engagement is not known.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate how consumer engagement is conceptualised and operationalized and to determine the implications of current consumer engagement frameworks for engagement with CALD consumers.MethodAltheide's document analysis approach was used to guide a systematic search, selection and analytic process. Australian Government health department websites were searched for eligible publicly available engagement frameworks. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsEleven engagement frameworks published between 2007 and 2019 were identified and analysed. Only four frameworks discussed engagement with CALD consumers distinctly. Organisational prerequisites to enhance engagement opportunities and approaches to enable activities of engagement were highlighted to improve CALD consumers' active participation in decision making; however, these largely focused on language, with limited exploration of culturally sensitive services.ConclusionThere is limited discussion of what culturally sensitive services look like and what resources are needed to enhance CALD consumer engagement in high‐level decision making. Health services and policy makers can enhance opportunities for engagement with CALD consumers by being flexible in their approach, implementing policies for reimbursement for participation and evaluating and adapting the activities of engagement in collaboration with CALD consumers.Patient/Public ContributionThis study is part of a wider ‘CanEngage’ project, which includes a consumer investigator, and is supported by a consumer advisory group. The study was conceived with inputs from the consumer advisory group, which continued to meet regularly with the project team to discuss the methodology and emerging findings.
When the green in green packaging backfires: Gender effects and perceived masculinity of environmentally friendly products
Authors: Felix Reto , González Eva M. , Castaño Raquel , Carrete Lorena , Gretz Richard T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious research has emphasized the importance of product packaging to consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions, but empirical studies that explore the specific mechanisms by which packaging color influences marketing‐relevant downstream variables in relation to environmentally friendly products is scarce. The current research addresses this gap by building on insights from theories on consumption values, gender roles, and gendered products. In two studies, the current research shows (1) how color‐induced perceptions of masculinity can trigger perceived product effectiveness and purchase intentions, (2) how competing mediation through masculinity and perceived fit with the product category influences perceived product effectiveness and purchase intentions for green products, and (3) that the positive influence of masculinity on perceived product effectiveness holds for male but not female consumers. These effects occur independently of color saturation and product positioning for two different product categories where strength and durability are relevant: washing detergents (Study 1) and motor oil (Study 2). The results of this research add a novel and differentiated perspective on the effects of color and gender roles in the context of environmentally friendly consumption and provide marketing managers with suggestions on how to increase perceived product effectiveness and purchase intentions related to green products.
The inhibition mechanism of carp (Cyprinus carpio) stefin to cathepsin B and their tertiary structures
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Chen Zhiguang , Lin Jianhe , Xu Yi , Liu Dan , Yin Xianfeng 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCarp is a major economic species. However, fish or surimi gel will easily soften during processing or storage due to its abundant endogenous protease, which will seriously affect the product quality. Because of the high inhibitory activity to cysteine protease, stefin has great potential as an additive for the improvement of fish softening. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore the inhibition mechanism of carp stefin to cathepsin B (CTS B) and their tertiary structures. The results showed that carp stefin is a single domain protein with four stranded β‐sheets and a α‐helix. CTS B is a typical papain‐like fold containing two domains. During the inhibition process, the wedge‐shaped structure created by N‐terminal trunk and the two hairpin loops of stefin would insert into the groove between two domains of CTS B. Besides, the inhibition can be spontaneous in pure water through hydrogen bonding, VDW and electrostatic interactions. And the Cys3, His83 and Val49 of carp stefin were the critical residues for the inhibition to CTS B. The results may provide a theoretical reference for the application of stefin in the processing and storage of fish products.