bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of machine learning approaches to analyze and predict the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Yu Jian , Aamir Muhammad , Khan Sajjad Ahmad , Adeleye Olayinka , Khan Zardad 
Published: December 2021

Background
Forecasting the time of forthcoming pandemic reduces the impact of diseases by taking precautionary steps such as public health messaging and raising the consciousness of doctors. With the continuous and rapid increase in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19, statistical and outbreak prediction models including various machine learning (ML) models are being used by the research community to track and predict the trend of the epidemic, and also in developing appropriate strategies to combat and manage its spread.

Methods
In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of various ML approaches including Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network in predicting the COVID-19 outbreak in the epidemiological domain. We first apply the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to identify and model the short and long-run relationships of the time-series COVID-19 datasets. That is, we determine the lags between a response variable and its respective explanatory time series variables as independent variables. Then, the resulting significant variables concerning their lags are used in the regression model selected by the ARDL for predicting and forecasting the trend of the epidemic.

Results
Statistical measures—Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE)—are used for model accuracy. The values of MAPE for the best-selected models for confirmed, recovered and deaths cases are 0.003, 0.006 and 0.115, respectively, which falls under the category of highly accurate forecasts. In addition, we computed 15 days ahead forecast for the daily deaths, recovered, and confirm patients and the cases fluctuated across time in all aspects. Besides, the results reveal the advantages of ML algorithms for supporting the decision-making of evolving short-term policies.
Quantifying the association of natal household wealth with women’s early marriage in Nepal
Authors: Marphatia Akanksha A. , Saville Naomi M. , Manandhar Dharma S. , Cortina-Borja Mario , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Reid Alice M. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Women’s early marriage (<18 years) is a critical global health issue affecting 650 million women worldwide. It is associated with a range of adverse maternal physical and mental health outcomes, including early childbearing, child undernutrition and morbidity. Poverty is widely asserted to be the key risk factor driving early marriage. However, most studies do not measure wealth in the natal household, but instead, use marital household wealth as a proxy for natal wealth. Further research is required to understand the key drivers of early marriage.

Methods
We investigated whether natal household poverty was associated with marrying early, independently of women’s lower educational attainment and broader markers of household disadvantage. Data on natal household wealth (material asset score) for 2,432 women aged 18–39 years was used from the cluster-randomized Low Birth Weight South Asia Trial in lowland rural Nepal. Different early marriage definitions (<15, <16, <17 and <18 years) were used because most of our population marries below the conventional 18-year cut-off. Logistic mixed-effects models were fitted to estimate the probabilities, derived from adjusted Odds Ratios, of (a) marrying at different early ages for the full sample and for the uneducated women, and (b) being uneducated in the first place.

Results
Women married at median age 15 years (interquartile range 3), and only 18% married ≥18 years. Two-thirds of the women were entirely uneducated. We found that, rather than poverty, women’s lower education was the primary factor associated with early marriage, regardless of how ‘early’ is defined. Neither poverty nor other markers of household disadvantage were associated with early marriage at any age in the uneducated women. However, poverty was associated with women being uneducated.

Conclusion
When assets are measured in the natal household in this population, there is no support for the conventional hypothesis that household poverty is associated with daughters’ early marriage, but it is associated with not going to school. We propose that improving access to free education would both reduce early marriage and have broader benefits for maternal and child health and gender equality.
A Mixed Questionnaire Study on Prayer as Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Ghana
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia 
Published: December 2021

Background: Prayer is paramount in the spiritual welfare and development of an individual. Interestingly, prayer is also considered as a form of complementary alternative medicine and is employed in primary healthcare delivery.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of prayer in primary healthcare delivery as a form of complementary healthcare. This study also investigates why patients opt for prayer as an alternative to standard medical care and ultimately to review the scientific aspect of prayer in medicine.
Methods: The study incorporates a mixed methods study with integrated data analysis. The respondents in this study were selected practitioners of Naturopathic Medicine with pastoral background, who belong to the Association of Naturopathic Medicine Practitioners in Ghana.
Results: Patients and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners alike in Ghana believe that prayer is very important to aid recovery and hence, plays an integral role as complementary medicine in healthcare.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is a role of prayer as complementary alternative medicine in primary healthcare delivery. We therefore hold the view that, pastors at the prayer camps should be well educated in basic medical sciences to enable an effective referral pathway to the standard medical centers.
Comparative Evaluation of Open Flap Debridement Therapy with Two Different Types of Platelet Concentrates, T-PRF and L-PRF as Adjuncts- A Systematic Review
Authors: Pendyala Gowri , Srivastava Ekta , Pawar Babita , Manthena Satish , Pustake Swati , Joshi Saurabh , Mani Ameet , Mopagar Vidyasagar 
Published: December 2021

Conventional Periodontal therapy such as scaling and root planing and open flap debridement aims to halt the inflammation process and promotes repair of disease-related defects. Current regenerative procedures offers a limited potential toward attaining a complete periodontal restoration and none is considered a gold standard in the treatment of intrabony defects. This study was done to compare the efficiency of Titanium-Platelet Rich Fibrin and Leukocyte-Platelet Rich Fibrin as adjuncts to Open Flap Debridement therapy to treat intra-bony periodontal defects. A search was conducted through PubMed and various other databases such as Cochrane, Google Scholar and EBSCO Host , under the key words, OFD , T-PRF,L-PRF, Clinical Outcomes, Comparison and Randomised Contolled Trials. Six relevant articles were selected for analysis. Compared to non-platelet concentrates, L-PRFproves to be the better adjunct to open flap debridement therapy. When compared to T-PRF, however, L-PRF has comparatively inferior properties of bone defect resolution and fill.We can conclude that T-PRF has better properties, greater bone defect fill and defect resolution as compared to L-PRF.
Prescription Audit and Dispensing Errors in the Outpatient Pharmacy of Tertiary Care Multispecialty Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ahamed T. Irsath , Vaishnavi K. , Harini R. R. , Yalavarthi Likhita , M. Jagadeesan 
Published: December 2021

Background: Although errors occurring during the process of dispensing may affect the goal of the treatment, they also can be the significant cause of morbidity and mortality. There are only few published evidences which focuses on the errors of dispensing that occurs in the pharmacy. This study focuses on identifying the dispensing errors, impact of brand substitution on cost and DDIs.
Objective: To identify the dispensing errors, impact of brand substitution on cost and DDIs.
Methodology: Prospective observational study conducted over a period of eight weeks in outpatient hospital pharmacy of tertiary care multispecialty teaching hospital, Tamil Nadu. Prescriptions and medication bills and dispensed medicines are collected from the hospital pharmacy to obtain data required for the study. Prescription containing only medical devices were excluded from the study.
Results: Out of 1010 prescriptions, dispensing errors were present in 419 (41.48%) prescriptions which consist of 557 errors. The errors include dispensing multi-pills to make the required dose is 3.77%,tablet splitting is 0.8%, incorrect strength is 1.07%, omission error due to unavailability is 31.4%,dispensing drugs with brands other than prescribed brands is 63.7%. Prescriptions which had more than three drugs were analyzed for drug-drug interactions (n=389). DDIs were present in 156(40.1%) prescriptions which had a total of 281 interactions.
Conclusion: The brand substitution and omission errors are the major causes of dispensing errors. Brand substitution is not always recommended as it may have some adverse effects because of salt and excipients variation. Pharmacists are in the position to identify and reduce DDIs by discussing with the physicians.
Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Quantum Gravity
Authors: Chagas-Filho W. F. 
Published: December 2021

Loop Quantum Gravity is a theory that attempts to describe the quantum mechanics of the gravitational field based on the canonical quantization of General Relativity. According to Loop Quantum Gravity, in a gravitational field, geometric quantities such as area and volume are quantized in terms of the Planck length. In this paper we present the basic ideas for a future, mathematically more rigorous, attempt to combine black holes and gravitational waves using the quantization of geometric quantities introduced by Loop Quantum Gravity.
Historical orientation of Yohannes IV Palace in Mekelle, Tigray State, Ethiopia, from the aspects of planning and building techniques
Authors: Shimizu Nobuhiro , Asfha Alula Tesfay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Yohannes IV Palace, located in Mekelle, the present regional capital of Tigray, Ethiopia, was constructed in the 1880s supervised by the Italian craftsman Giacomo Naretti. This study aims to clarify its historical orientation by analyzing its location, planning, and building elements, by considering Naretti’s contribution, the building’s relationship with local masonry buildings, and the characteristics of the preceding Ethiopian palace quarters. Through the research activities, it becomes clear that the palace’s locational characteristics are in common with the preceding Ethiopian palace sites, especially Gonder. Its planning methods are similar to that of the former residential site of Yohannes IV, which was constructed without foreign builders. Its basic building elements were derived from the former Tigray’s church buildings. Although these results suggest that the palace was a local product of the Ethiopian emperor Yohannes IV, the contribution of Naretti was also evident in more detailed elements of the palace such as the use of elaborate materials, decorative wooden works, stone arches, plaster, and its symmetrical appearance. These design achievements were most likely realized through Naretti’s observation of the local building techniques and the natural environment, and his training of the local craftsmen during his stay in Ethiopia from 1871.
A study on the residential history and variability of dwelling units in KEP Estate Tsurumaki‐3 low‐rise building part 2
Authors: Minami Kazunobu , Ma Lingxiang , Suzuki Atsuya , Chiba Saori 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe authors investigated the experimental project, Kodan Experimental Housing Project, which the Japanese Housing Corporation started in 1973, to research and develop the flexibility and adaptability of housing. The residents decided the layout of the free spaces, except the stairs and toilet on the second floor of some of the units. The movable partition wall on the second floor was confirmed to be effectively used by many households. It can be inferred that the concept of adaptability was effective, as many of the resident households had children of school age or younger.
Graphene‐Based Opto‐Thermoelectric Tweezers
Authors: Wang Xianyou , Yuan Yunqi , Xie Xi , Zhang Yuquan , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene, its excellent physical properties have greatly improved the performance of optoelectronic devices and brought important technological advances to optical research and its applications. Here, graphene is introduced to the field of optical‐tweezer technology and demonstrate a new graphene‐based opto‐thermoelectric tweezer. This technology not only reduces the incident light energy required by two orders of magnitude (compared with traditional optical tweezers), it also brings new advantages such as a much broader working bandwidth and a larger working area compared to those of widely researched gold‐film‐based opto‐thermoelectric tweezers. Compared with gold film, graphene exhibits higher thermal conductivity and higher uniformity and is easier to process. Thus, it is found that even monolayer graphene provides stable trapping for particles in a broad bandwidth and that performance is enhanced as the number of graphene layers increases. Furthermore, parallel trap multiple particles as desired shapes can be easily generated with structured graphene patterns. This work demonstrates the enormous application potential of graphene in optical‐tweezer technology and will promote their application to the trapping or concentration of cells and biomolecules as well as to microfluidics and biosensors.
Designable Micro‐/Nano‐Structured Smart Polymeric Materials
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Ping‐Fan , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Liu Zhuang , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmart polymeric materials with dynamically tunable physico‐chemical characteristics in response to changes of environmental stimuli, have received considerable attention in myriad fields. The diverse combination of their micro‐/nano‐structural and molecular designs creates promising and exciting opportunities for exploiting advanced smart polymeric materials. Engineering micro‐/nano‐structures into smart polymeric materials with elaborate molecular design enables intricate coordination between their structures and molecular‐level response to cooperatively realize smart functions for practical applications. In this review, recent progresses of smart polymeric materials that combine micro‐/nano‐structures and molecular design to achieve designed advanced functions are highlighted. Smart hydrogels, gating membranes, gratings, milli‐particles, micro‐particles and microvalves are employed as typical examples to introduce their design and fabrication strategies. Meanwhile, the key roles of interplay between their micro‐/nano‐structures and responsive properties to realize the desired functions for their applications are emphasized. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities of micro‐/nano‐structured smart polymeric materials for their future development are presented.
Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics
Authors: Heng Wenzheng , Solomon Samuel , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedical robots are invaluable players in non‐pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human–machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low‐cost. Flexible human–machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human‐machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human–machine interface in medical robotics.
Photoresponsive Vaccine‐Like CAR‐M System with High‐Efficiency Central Immune Regulation for Inflammation‐Related Depression
Authors: Liu Yu , Hu Ping , Zheng Zhiheng , Zhong Da , Xie Weichang , Tang Zhibo , Pan Bingxing , Luo Jun , Zhang Wenhua , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that activation of microglia‐induced neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression. Consequently, targeting the central nervous system to reduce neuroinflammation holds great promise for the treatment of depression. However, few drugs can enter the brain via a circulatory route through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central nervous system efficiently, which limits the pharmacological treatment for neuropsychiatric diseases. Herein, a light‐responsive system named UZPM, consisting of blue‐emitting NaYF4:Yb, Tm@zeolitic‐imidazolate framework (UCNP@ZIF‐8), photoacid (PA), and melatonin (MT) is developed to address the above issues. Meanwhile, UZPM is introduced into macrophages by functional liposomes fusion and modified with hydroxylamine groups on the cell surface. Aldehyde‐modified cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 (CTLA‐4) is used as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting group to modify the surface of macrophages by aldehyde/hydroxylamine condensation to precisely target central M1‐type microglia (CAR‐M‐UZPM). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the CAR‐M‐UZPM drug delivery system can efficiently penetrate the BBB, targeting centrally activated microglia, and thus, inhibiting the M1‐type polarization of microglia, producing continuous vaccine‐like anti‐inflammatory effects that prevent the occurrence and development of inflammation‐related depression.
Factors impacting the rapid transition of anatomy curricula to an online environment in response to Covid‐19
Authors: Bauler Laura D. , Lesciotto Kate M. , Lackey‐Cornelison Wendy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the Covid‐19 pandemic, many academic institutions had to rapidly transition education to a remote online environment. While a hurdle for most educators, this transition posed an even greater challenge for anatomy educators, many of whom were forced to depart from the traditional cadaver‐based laboratory to a virtual format. Recent publications have discussed the rapid transition to online formats necessitated by Covid‐19 and the accompanying difficulties, but none have identified specific factors that influenced the difficulty of this transition. Anatomy educators were surveyed to examine how this transition was accomplished and perceived. Of the 165 educators who responded, the majority utilized cadaver‐based laboratory instruction. Educators felt that transitioning the laboratory portion of their courses was significantly more difficult and required more time than converting lecture materials. Factors that impacted the difficulty of the transition included a number of pedagogical aspects of the pre‐Covid‐19 curricula, including the delivery format of prior content, availability of pre‐existing electronic materials, and the laboratory technique previously used. Additionally, the length of time an educator had been teaching prior to Covid‐19 impacted their perception of difficulty, with newer and more senior educators finding this much more challenging than mid‐tenure educators. Ease of transition may be related to previous exposure to curricular reform, experience with multiple anatomy pedagogies, and educator adaptability. While not surprising that converting a cadaver‐based laboratory to an online format was challenging, knowledge of the alignment of this difficulty with prior educator pedagogy can help guide future innovations to anatomy education.
Experimental investigations on sugarcane bagasse pyrolytic oil production from flash pyrolysis using a rotary screw reactor
Authors: Ayyadurai Saravanakumar , Arunachalam Kantha Deivi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA rotary screw pyro‐oil reactor was designed for powdery biomass for a feeding capacity of 40 kg h−1 with a moisture content of <10%. The pyro‐oil reactor temperature was maintained at 450–550 °C. The pyro‐oil vapors produced were quickly drafted out of the reactor for quenching to yield 16–24 L h−1 from 40 kg h−1 of biomass feed. The flash‐pyrolysis technique, which is capable of directly turning biomass into a liquid fuel, was used to produce liquid fuel (bio‐oil). It was carried out at a pressure at 0.03 bar and at a medium temperature of about 550 °C. The flash‐pyrolysis technique converts the entire biomass matter, excluding the ash. In this method the powdery biomass is converted into three components: bio‐oil (the yield is typically 70% on an energy basis, a powdery biomass feed at a moisture content of 10%); pyrolysis gas (typical yield 14%) and char (typical yield 16%). The temperature of the fixed bed was adjusted in the experiment, but the other variables remained constant, such as the amount of feed, the pyrolysis time of the gas product, the reactor pressure and the bed height. A biomass particle size range of 1–3 mm and a biomass residence time of 20 s in the reactor resulted in optimal bio‐oil production of 70%. This work demonstrated how precise pyrolysis mechanism processes and bio‐oil yields can influence the maximal reaction temperature in the 450–550 °C range. The performance analysis reveals that the fixed bed reaction temperatures of biomass rapid pyrolysis give reliable control over the bio‐oil reactor type and size. This paper provides an overview of the design and thermochemical liquefaction process used to convert powdered biomass to biofuel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd