bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of artemether inclusion complexes with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Yahaya Zwanden Sule , Ofokansi Kenneth C. , Allagh Suzane T. , Bhatia Pat G. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate experimentally the inclusion of artemether into the cavity of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and examine its effect on the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug.Methods: Inclusion complexes of artemether with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin of molar ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 were prepared using the kneading method. Phase solubility analysis and in vitro dissolution studies were utilized in evaluating the influence of inclusion complex formation on the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. The complexes were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The inclusion complex containing equimolar concentrations of artemether and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was then formulated into tablets via direct compression and evaluated for various pharmaceutical characteristics including hardness, friability, absolute drug content and comparative in vitro dissolution profiles with some commercially available brands of artemether.Results: The phase solubility diagram for the formed complexes in water at 37 oC indicated a linear curve soluble complex system (referred to as the AL system), and a stability constant (KC) value of 143 M-1. Evidence consistent with inclusion complex formation was obtained using FT-IR and DSC. The formulated inclusion complex tablets exhibited a higher rate of dissolution than the pure drug and commercial brands, showing 3.9-, 1.8- and 1.6-fold increases, respectively, over a period of 15 min.Conclusion: Inclusion complexation of artemether with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is a promising approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug.Keywords: Artemether, 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Dissolution, Solubility enhancement, Inclusion complex
Anti-trypanosomal effect of Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) extract on a Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mouse model of sleeping sickness
Authors: Ding Yan-Bing , Chen Jun , Huang Li-Xia , Gong Ye-Li , Yuan Fa-Hu , Tu Jin- Wen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the antitrypanosomal activity of Malva sylvestris (MS) extract in a Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mouse model of sleeping sickness.Methods: Sleeping sickness was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected blood in mice. Confirmation of parasitaemia was performed by estimating the parasite count in the plasma on the 12th day after inoculation. All the mice were divided into five groups: control group that received neither infection nor treatment; negative control that was infected with the parasite but did not receive treatment; MS-treated group that receive MS extract (250 and 500 mg/kg, ip) and standard (STD) group that received levamisole (7.5 mg/kg, ip) for 7 days after the development of parasitaemia. A further parasite count was performed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after the treatment period. Humoral antibody response, delayed hypersensitivity reaction, and mobilization of leucocytes were determined after the treatment period in SRBC-sensitized mice.Results: The results indicate that treatment with MS significantly decreased body weight and parasite count in the blood and CSF of mice with Trypanosoma brucei brucei-induced sleeping sickness compared with that in the negative control group. There was a significant increase in paw swelling and decrease in secondary antibody in the MS-treated group compared with that in the negative control group. However, treatment with MS extract also enhanced the mobilization of the total leucocyte count compared with that in the negative control group.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-trypanosomal activity of Malva sylvestris extract via immunomodulation in a Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mouse model of sleeping sickness.Keywords: Malva sylvestris, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Sleeping sickness, Immunomodulatory activity, Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Excisanin A suppresses proliferation by inhibiting hypoxiainducible factor-1α expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Han Li Zhuo , Jiang Changgao , Mi Chunliu , Wang Ke Si , Zuo Hong Xiang , Wang Zhe , Li Ming Yue , Zhang Zhi Hong , Jin Xuejun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of excisanin A on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells as well as to elucidate its mechanism of action.
Methods: Molecular docking was used to determine the binding characteristics of excisanin A to HIF-1α protein. The transcriptional activation and viability of excisanin A were assessed using Luciferase reporter and MTT assay. The HIF-1α protein in the nucleus was assayed using western blot and immunofluorescence. HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA levels were evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation was determined by flow cytometry, as well as by EdU and clonogenic assays. In vivo tumor growth was assessed in a murine xenograft model of SKHep1 cells.
Results: Excisanin A inhibited HIF-1α transcriptional activation, as well as HIF-1α protein synthesis (p < 0.001). Excisanin A also reduced VEGF protein and mRNA expressions (p < 0.001). In addition, the compound inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. and tumor growth in the xenograft tumor model.
Conclusion: Excisanin A is a potent HIF-1α inhibitor, supporting its potential development for human hepatoma therapy.
Keywords: Excisanin A, HIF-1α, Protein synthesis, Hepatoma therapy
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cell to 5-fluorouracil via inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Lin Mengxin , Lin Xiaoyan , Huang Xiaobing , Liu Qing , Wu Riping , Wang Xinli , Zhong Dongta 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the association between phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1, which is an Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via analysis of the association between RKIP and clinical responses in individuals treated using fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.Methods: Human gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and SGC-7901 were used in this study. Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and migration were determined with flow cytometry and Transwell chamber assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis-related factors were assayed using realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively, while the expression of RKIP was determined by immunohistochemical staining.Results: Chemotherapeutic drug (5-FU) treatment induced low RKIP expression levels in tumorigenic GC cells, thereby sensitizing the cells to apoptosis (8.57 vs 1.25 %, p < 0.01). The highest RKIP level correlated well with initiation of apoptosis (4.20 vs 1.25 %, p < 0.01). Following in vitro downregulation of RKIP, there was increase in the viability and proliferation of RKIP-inhibited cells over time, and these changes were linked to alterations in cell cycle phases and increased optical density in MTT proliferation assay (1.55 vs 1.18, p < 0.01). In vitro Transwell assay measurement revealed an association between RKIP downregulation and enhancement of cell migration potential (652 vs 436, p < 0.01). Ectopic RKIP expression restored the apoptotic sensitivity of resistant cells (14.30 vs 1.36 %, p <0.01). This sensitization was annulled by upregulation of survival routes. Reduction of RKIP by expression of antisense and siRNA conferred resistance on cancer cells sensitive to 5-FU-mediated apoptosis (6.88 vs 2.13 %, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Thus, RKIP is a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs for GC.
Keywords: Gastric cancer, Raf kinase inhibitor protein, Cell proliferation, Invasion, Apoptosis, Chemotherapy, Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1
Inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis by tocotrienolic amide
Authors: Huang Yi , Xu Shi 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of tocotrienolic amide on gastric cancer (GC) cell growth and metastasis, and the underlying mechanism of action.Methods: Gastric cancer (GC) cell lines MKN28 and NCI-N87 were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin solution at 37 ˚C in a humidified atmosphere of 5 % CO2 and 95 % air. Cell invasion and migration were determined using Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used for the determination of changes in the levels of expression of Snail, E-cadherin, vimentin, and microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p). In vivo tumor growth inhibition was determined 45 days after establishment of GC xenografts in nude mice.Results: Treatment of MKN28 and NCI-N87 cells with tocotrienolic amide significantly and dosedependently reduced their invasiveness and migratory capacity (p < 0.05). It also significantly and dosedependently downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of Snail and vimentin, but significantly upregulated E-cadherin expression (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of miR-195-5p was significantly and dose-dependently upregulated in MKN28 and NCI-N87 cells treated with tocotrienolic amide, but was downregulated after transfection with miR-195-5p inhibitor (p < 0.05). Transfection of MKN28 and NCI-N87 cells with miR-195-5p inhibitor significantly and dose-dependently upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of Snail (p < 0.05). Moreover, treatment of GC mice with TCTA led to significant and dose-dependent reduction in tumor weight and volume (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that tocotrienolic amide inhibits the growth and metastasis of GC cells by directly targeting Snail and vimentin genes, and thus can potentially be developed for the management of gastric cancer.
Keywords: Gastric cancer, Metastasis, Protein expression, Tocotrienolic amide, Tumor volume
Costus afer (Costaceae, Zingiberales) leaf extract ameliorates naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Khattab Hala AH , Aljehany Buthaina M. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To examine Costus afer leaf extract (CALE) protective effects against naproxen-induced gastric ulcer and the mechanisms of protection.Methods: Rats with naproxen-induced ulcer were pretreated with either CALE (800 mg/kg), pantoprazole (20 mg/kg), or a combination of both. Then the ulcer index, total gastric acidity, gastric pH, and curative index were evaluated. In addition, gastric mucin, pepsin, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxide, and superoxide dismutase were quantified. The gastric pathologicalchange was also evaluated.Results: Rats treated with CALE, pantoprazole, and their combination significantly decreased ulcer index, total gastric acidity, and gastric pH. All treatments induced a significant curative index in favor of the combination. The CALE significantly increased gastric mucin, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. However, the CALE significantly decreased pepsin and lipid peroxide product.Conclusion: These results reveal that CALE protects the stomach against naproxen-induced ulcer. This action is linked to increased gastroprotective factors, increased antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation. The CALE may be used as an adjunctive treatment for ulcers caused by NSAIDs.
Keywords: Costus afer, Naproxen, Gastric ulcer, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation
Solid-phase extraction and validated spectrofluorimetric quantification of pamidronate in human plasma
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Sherif A. , Alamri Mubarak A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To design a simple and sensitive quantification procedure for pamidronate disodium (PAM) after its solid phase extraction from plasma.Methods: The procedure was based on derivatization of PAM using a suitable fluorogen, 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxazole. The product was determined spectrofluorometrically at excitation and emission wavelengths of 390 and 535 nm, respectively. The method was optimized for all factors that affect the reaction between PAM and the fluorogen. These factors include diluting solvent, pH of the reaction medium, volume of fluorogen solution, buffer pH, buffer volume, temperature and heating time. The method was fully validated according to US-FDA guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, robustness and stability.Results: PAM was successfully extracted from human plasma with solid-phase extraction technique. A linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 10 – 100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.998. Mean maximum plasma concentration of PAM was 9.73.2 ± 3.2 µmol/L, which was within the linear range of the proposed method, thereby confirming its sensitivity for the determination of plasma PAM.Conclusion: The proposed procedure is suitable for the quantification of PAM in human plasma after its solid phase extraction. The method is sensitive enough for use in PAM determination in pharmacokinetic studies. Moreover, it is likely a more cost-effective and simpler alternative method than high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) methods.
Keywords: Pamidronate disodium, Derivatization, Spectrofluorimetry, Fluorogen, Quantification
La resiliencia como estrategia de recuperación en un destino turístico internacional. Caso Los Cabos, México / Resilience as a recovery strategy in an international tourist destination. Case Los Cabos, Mexico
Authors: Lacruhy Enríquez Claudia Carolina , Perpuli Ceseña Ariadna Colette 
Published: March 2021

En esta investigación, se presenta el estudio de caso del municipio de Los Cabos Baja California Sur, México, con el objetivo de analizar estrategias de recuperación, para incrementar la resiliencia de destinos turísticos, cuando estos se enfrentan a embates de factores externos que amenazan su estabilidad y desarrollo; la metodología es cualitativa, con alcance exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo, se efectuaron entrevistas a actores clave del destino turístico, con un guion de corte exploratorio validado por expertos al 97%, se incluyeron dimensiones de perfil, escenarios de afectación, estrategias de resiliencia y fases de recuperación, se compararon las estadísticas del destino y una etnografía virtual, lo cual permitió, tener una visión más amplia de los problemas y la evaluación de respuesta en dos vertientes: la pandemia COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2); y el análisis de respuesta en el impacto del huracán Odile en 2014. Los principales resultados mostraron que la participación los actores públicos y privados relacionados con la política pública de cara al turismo son centrales. Aunque Los Cabos ha salido adelante de diversas crisis y actualmente posee una estrategia andante que ha permitido una pequeña recuperación, no hay manera de determinar una aproximación realista de recuperación económica del destino. La afectación a la economía poco diversificada de la región, dificulta sostener la operación de las empresas y los empleos de la población. Indicadores de bioseguridad del turista y de los residentes, deberán ser incorporados a las buenas prácticas en el sector y a las estrategias de resiliencia del destino turístico.
Attitude of Health Care Workers On COVID 19 Care In a Selected Hospital Setting
Authors: Bhattacharya Chanu , Karandikar Dr. Neeraj J. , Kadu Amit 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: From the first week of March 2020 till Nov 2020 the attitude of HCWs, mental health or perceptions changing regularly as the COVID-19 pandemic changing its image. New treatment, new information new training and practice changing attitude towards positivity as the death rate reducing and patient recovery rate increasing. Methods: A cross sectional study was done by a Likert type five-point attitude scale by survey method and conveniently selected 120 health care workers from a single setting. Different categories of HCWs were participated namely doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, lab technicians and X-ray technicians. Results: result showed mean age of HCWs were 26.9. Female HCWs are more than male. 80% HCWs attitude is favorable 20% neutral and no one have unfavorable attitude. Chai square test revealed that there is highly significant association of attitude with marital status and residence area, significant with age and year of experience. Conclusion: Generalization is not possible because this is single center data. But research showed maturity and better practice improves attitude. HCWs attitude improve care and recovery rates.
IMPLEMENTASI SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI KERJA GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMP NEGERI 2 RANTAU SELATAN KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU
Authors: Ahmad Azhar Candra Wijaya, Syamsu Nahar, 
Published: March 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) Pelaksanaan supervisi pengajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, 2) Pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi supervisi pengajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, 3) Prestasi kerja guru di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, 4) Pelaksanaan supervisi pengajaran dalam meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan empat temuan, yaitu: 1) Pelaksanaan supervisi pengajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu sudah di rencanakan dan di laksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, 2) Pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi supervisi pengajaran di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, melihat beberapa hal, yaitu: mengkoordinasi semua usaha sekolah; memperluas pengalaman guru-guru (pelatihan); memperlengkapi kepemimpinan sekolah, 3) Prestasi kerja guru di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu sudah terlaksana sesuai dengan indikator prestasi kerja guru yang harus dicapai, 4) Pelaksanaan supervisi pengajaran dalam meningkatkan prestasi kerja guru di SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu, dilaksanakan dengan berbagai cara, yaitu: penyusunan rencana pembelajaran; pelaksanaan interaksi proses belajar mengajar; penilaian interaksi peserta didik; pelaksanaan tindak lanjut hasil penilaian prestasi belajar; pelaksana bimbingan dan penyuluhan; disiplin kerja; tanggung jawab dan loyalitas dalam tugas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: Supervisi, Pembelajaran, Prestasi</strong></p>
Pemberdayaan Usaha Maz Zakki Tahun Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Bandoko Bandoko , Turmudzi A , Al Amin M.N.K 
Published: March 2021

The productive economic empowerment program of the Badan Amal Zakat at Yogyakarta City (BAZKY) in 2017 is Maz Zakki which is different from its implementation in the previous year. Through qualitative research by collecting data through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation, it can be seen that BAZKY has provided zakat funds to poor citizens in the form of money for business with business coaching, mentoring, and monitoring. The results of the evaluation show that the implementation process, starting from preparation, implementation and supervision, still follows the national zakat management rules and regulations. Even BAZKY, through Mas Zakki, has provided ongoing assistance in the form of merchant schools after selecting them with direct visits to the homes of prospective recipients of business fund assistance. This is also a form of monitoring and supervision of business sustainability. Such implementation has met the provisions of the current Zakat Management Law in Indonesia. This is stated in Law 23 of 2011 concerning Management of Zakat. This is where the legal rules regarding zakat management organizations at the level of BAZNAS and LAZ are elaborated.
Laboratório Virtual de um Sistema Elétrico de Alta Potência Virtual laboratory of an Electrical system of High Power
Authors: Junior Jason Paulo Tavares Faria 
Published: March 2021

Neste Trabalho foi utilizado a Realidade Virtual (Oh, Ji-Young e Stverzlinger, Wolfgang) e suas aplicações no processo de ensino/aprendizado (Pinheiro, C.D.B., Ribeiro Filho, M.), onde se pretende utilizar as potencialidades provenientes da Realidade Virtual (RV) para auxiliar o ensino e o treinamento de profissionais da área de sistemas elétricos de alta potência. O usuário poderá observar o comportamento do sistema em tempo real, alterando a potência elétrica e a posição da visualização dos fenômenos com total segurança.
Modernidade e pós-modernidade: promessas, dilemas e desafios à condição humana
Authors: Escobar Karin Alves do Amaral 
Published: March 2021

Pretende-se, no presente trabalho, abordar as características da Modernidade e da Pós-modernidade, realizando-se uma reflexão acerca das consequências da modernidade à existência do homem e problematizando a discussão de como as promessas da modernidade e o processo de globalização têm interferido no posicionamento do homem no contexto da sociedade pós-moderna. Para esse propósito, parte-se da discussão do que veio a se constituir o período denominado modernidade, que tem como marco inicial o advento da revolução francesa (séc. XVIII). Os avanços tecnológicos do século XVIII fizeram surgir um novo mito, a ideia de progresso a partir do pensamento iluminista. Em meados do século XVIII, o capitalismo foi se consolidando em diversos países, esse processo de transformação, do qual está vinculado a Revolução industrial, atinge amplos setores da economia. Paralelamente, a expansão e a consolidação do capitalismo trouxeram, também, novas formas de exploração do trabalho humano, gerando conflitos entre a burguesia e os trabalhadores. Os complexos caminhos da sociedade contemporânea nos colocaram diante de questões como as desigualdades sociais, entendendo que a pós-modernidade deve ser a insistência num questionamento crítico da sociedade moderna, das suas desigualdades sociais e das formas de participação no debate político.
Tmj Arthralgia: A Rarely Described Internal Joint Derangement And Characterization Regarding Factors Of Age , Pain Description, And Prevalence In Craniomandibular Disorders Individuals (CMDs)
Authors: Molina Omar Franklin , Aquilino Raphael Navarro , César Ed Wilson , Cury Sérgio Elias , Marçal Ricardo Léllis , Miranda Margarida M de 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Characterize Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs) and arthralgia individuals regarding factors of age, joint noises, frequency of burning pain and severity of pain. Material and Methods: 25 CMD and arthralgia patients, 39 CMDs and capsulitis patients were retrieved from a large sample of CMD patients and were compared with a control Non CMD group. History of sign and symptoms, questionnaires, clinical examination, description of pain, diagnostic tests and criteria for CMDs were used. Results: Mean age in the experimental (CMD+arthralgia group) was about 40.2 years old. The frequency of joint noises was about 72% in the CMDs+arthralgia group as compared to the other two control groups (56.4% and 40.6%) . Bilateral reciprocal click was also more frequently in the experimental group than in the controls and the difference was statistically significant. The frequency of severe pain was much higher in the CMD+arthralgia than in the CMD+capsulitis group (80% and 10.2% respectively). The description of burning pain was observed exclusively in the CMD+arthralgia group. Finally, the frequency of pain increased from the Non CMD to the CMD+capsulitis and to the CMD+arthralgia group. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that arthralgia is a more chronic disorder characterized by burning pain, more severe pain and higher frequency of joint noises, specifically unilateral reciprocal click.