bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term medical imaging use in children with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Bowles Erin J. A. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Bartels Ute , Furst Adam , Cheng Stephanie Y. , Lau Cindy , Greenlee Robert T. , Weinmann Sheila , Marlow Emily C. , Rahm Alanna K. , Stout Natasha K. , Bolch Wes E. , Theis Mary Kay , Smith-Bindman Rebecca , Pole Jason D. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors undergo frequent imaging for diagnosis and follow-up, but few studies have characterized longitudinal imaging patterns. We described medical imaging in children before and after malignant CNS tumor diagnosis.

Procedure
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0–20 years diagnosed with CNS tumors between 1996–2016 at six U.S. integrated healthcare systems and Ontario, Canada. We collected computed topography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiography, ultrasound, nuclear medicine examinations from 12 months before through 10 years after CNS diagnosis censoring six months before death or a subsequent cancer diagnosis, disenrollment from the health system, age 21 years, or December 31, 2016. We calculated imaging rates per child per month stratified by modality, country, diagnosis age, calendar year, time since diagnosis, and tumor grade.

Results
We observed 1,879 children with median four years follow-up post-diagnosis in the U.S. and seven years in Ontario, Canada. During the diagnosis period (±15 days of diagnosis), children averaged 1.10 CTs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.13) and 2.14 MRIs (95%CI 2.12–2.16) in the U.S., and 1.67 CTs (95%CI 1.65–1.68) and 1.86 MRIs (95%CI 1.85–1.88) in Ontario. Within one year after diagnosis, 19% of children had ≥5 CTs and 45% had ≥5 MRIs. By nine years after diagnosis, children averaged one MRI and one radiograph per year with little use of other imaging modalities.

Conclusions
MRI and CT are commonly used for CNS tumor diagnosis, whereas MRI is the primary modality used during surveillance of children with CNS tumors.
Correlates of variability in endurance shuttle walk test time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Stoffels Anouk A. F. , van den Borst Bram , Peters Jeannette B. , Klaassen Mariska P. M. , van Helvoort Hanneke A. C. , Meys Roy , Klijn Peter , Burtin Chris , Franssen Frits M. E. , van ‘t Hul Alex J. , Spruit Martijn A. , van Hees Hieronymus W. H. ,   on behalf of the BASES consortium
Published: April 2021

Background
The endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) is used to evaluate exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The recommended pre-intervention tolerated duration (Tlim) is between 3–8 minutes for optimal interpretation of treatment effects. However, this window may be exceeded and factors determining ESWT Tlim are not completely understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether pulmonary function, physical and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) performance measures are associated with ESWT Tlim in COPD patients.

Methods
Assessment data from patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation was retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of COPD and complete data availability regarding ESWT and ISWT. Patients performed an ESWT at 85% of ISWT speed and were divided into three groups (ESWT Tlim: <3 minutes, 3–8 minutes, >8 minutes). Subject characteristics, severity of complaints, pulmonary function, physical capacity and activity, exercise tolerance and quadriceps muscle strength were evaluated.

Results
245 COPD patients (FEV1 38 (29–52)% predicted) were included. Median ESWT Tlim was 6.0 (3.7–10.3) minutes, 41 (17%) patients walked <3 minutes and 80 (33%) patients walked >8 minutes. Body mass index, maximal oxygen consumption, Tlim on constant work rate cycle test, physical activity level, maximal ISWT speed, dyspnoea Borg score at rest and increase of leg fatigue Borg score during ISWT independently predicted Tlim in multivariate regression analysis (R2 = 0.297, p<0.001).

Conclusion
This study reported a large variability in ESWT Tlim in COPD patients. Secondly, these results demonstrated that next to maximal ISWT speed, other ISWT performance measures as well as clinical measures of pulmonary function, physical capacity and physical activity were independent determinants of ESWT Tlim. Nevertheless, as these determinants only explained ~30% of the variability, future studies are needed to establish whether additional factors can be used to better adjust individual ESWT pace in order to reduce ESWT Tlim variability.
Nurse anesthetists’ experiences using smart glasses to monitor patients’ vital signs during anesthesia care: A qualitative study
Authors: Romare Charlotte , Enlöf Per , Anderberg Peter , Jildenstål Pether , Sanmartin Berglund Johan , Skär Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
To describe nurse anesthetists’ experiences using smart glasses to monitor patients’ vital signs during anesthesia care.

Methods
Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews with seven nurse anesthetists who had used smart glasses, with a customized application for monitoring vital signs, during clinical anesthesia care. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results
An overarching theme became evident during analysis; Facing and embracing responsibility. Being a nurse anesthetist entails a great responsibility, and the participants demonstrated that they shouldered this responsibility with pride. The theme was divided in two sub-themes. The first of these, A new way of working, comprised the categories Adoption and Utility. This involved incorporating smart glasses into existing routines in order to provide safe anesthesia care. The second sub-theme, Encountering side effects, consisted of the categories Obstacles and Personal affect. This sub-theme concerned the possibility to use smart glasses as intended, as well as the affect on nurse anesthetists as users.

Conclusion
Smart glasses improved access to vital signs and enabled continuous monitoring regardless of location. Continued development and improvement, both in terms of the application software and the hardware, are necessary for smart glasses to meet nurse anesthetists’ needs in clinical practice.
Finding, treating and retaining persons with HIV in a high HIV prevalence and high treatment coverage country: Results from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project
Authors: Bachanas Pamela , Alwano Mary Grace , Lebelonyane Refeletswe , Block Lisa , Behel Stephanie , Raizes Elliot , Ussery Gene , Wang Huisheng , Ussery Faith , Pretorius Holme Molly , Sexton Connie , Pals Sherri , Lasry Arielle , Del Castillo Lisetta , Hader Shannon , Lockman Shahin , Bock Naomi , Moore Janet 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
The scale-up of Universal Test and Treat has resulted in reductions in HIV morbidity, mortality and incidence. However, healthcare system and personal challenges have impacted the levels of treatment coverage achieved. We implemented interventions to improve linkage to care, retention, viral load (VL) coverage and service delivery, and describe the HIV care cascade over the course of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) study.

Methods
BCPP was designed to evaluate the impact of prevention interventions on HIV incidence in 30 communities in Botswana. We followed a longitudinal cohort of newly identified and known HIV-positive persons not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified through community-based testing activities through BCPP and referred with appointments to local HIV clinics in 15 intervention communities. Those who did not keep the first or follow-up appointments were tracked and traced through phone and home contacts. Improvements to service delivery models in the intervention clinics were also implemented.

Results
A total of 3,657 newly identified or HIV-positive persons not on ART were identified and referred to their local HIV clinic; 90% (3,282/3,657) linked to care and of those, 93% (3,066/3,282) initiated treatment. Near the end of the study, 221 persons remained >90 days late for appointments or missing. Tracing efforts identified 54/3,066 (2%) persons who initiated treatment but died, and 106/3,066 (3%) persons were located and returned to treatment. At study end, 61/3,066 (2%) persons remained missing and were never reached. Overall, 2,951 (98%) persons living with HIV (PLHIV) who initiated treatment were still alive, retained in care and still receiving ART out of the 3,001 persons alive at the end of the study. Of those on ART, 2,854 (97%) had current VL results and 2,784 (98%) of those were virally suppressed at study end.

Conclusions
This study achieved high rates of linkage, treatment initiation, retention and VL coverage and suppression in a cohort of newly identified and known PLHIV not on ART. Tracking and tracing interventions effectively identified those persons who needed more resource intensive follow-up. The interventions implemented to improve service delivery and data quality may have also contributed to high linkage and retention rates.
Clinical trial number: NCT01965470.
Teaching Artistic Research: Conversations Across Cultures, Ruth Mateus-Berr and Richard Jochum (eds) (2020)
Authors: Bartley Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Review of: Teaching Artistic Research: Conversations Across Cultures, Ruth Mateus-Berr and Richard Jochum (eds) (2020)
Berlin and Boston, MA: De Gruyter,
ISBN 978-3-11-066239-9, p/bk, €38.95
Functional Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcer, and Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Rural Community of South Asia: An Endoscopy-Assisted Household Survey
Authors: Rahman M. Masudur , Ghoshal Uday C. , Kibria Md. Golam , Sultana Nigar , Yusuf M. Abdllah , Nahar Shamsun , Ahmed Faruque , Rowshon AHM , Hasan Mahmud 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Functional dyspepsia (FD), although commoner than organic dyspepsia (OD) in-hospital studies, community data, particularly from rural areas, are lacking. We performed a rural community study in Bangladesh with the primary aims to evaluate (i) the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD), FD, and OD and (ii) the risk factors for UD.

METHODS:
This house-to-house survey was performed using a translated-validated enhanced Asian Rome III questionnaire and endoscopy with Helicobacter pylori tests, including genotyping.

RESULTS:
Of 3,351/3,559 responders ([94.15%], age 40.41 ± 16.05 years, female 1924 [57.4%]), 547 (16.3%) had UD (female 346 [18%] vs male 201 [14%]; P = 0.002); 201 (6%), 88 (2.6%), and 258 (7.7%) had postprandial distress (PDS), epigastric pain syndromes (EPS) and PDS-EPS overlap, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age >50 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.34 [1.07–1.68]), female sex (AOR 1.42 [1.17–1.74]), being married (AOR 1.57 [1.21–2.07]), lower family income (AOR 1.79 [1.43–2.26]), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (AOR 7.05 [2.11–23.55]), previous acute gastroenteritis (AOR 5.42 [1.83–16]), and psychological distress (AOR 5.02 [2.87–8.76]) were risk factors for UD. Of 346/547 (63.25%) undergoing endoscopy, 232 (67.05%) and 114 (32.95%) had FD and OD (peptic ulcers [PU] 99 [28.61%] and erosive esophagitis 13 [3.76%]). About 53% of FD subjects had EPS-PDS overlap, 32% had PDS, and only 15% had EPS. H. pylori was detected in 266/342 (78%) dyspeptics (FD 173/230 [75.2%], vs OD 92/114 [82.1%], P = 0.169).

DISCUSSION:
Sixteen percent, 11% and 5% of rural Bangladeshi Asian adults had UD, FD, and PU, respectively. One-third of UD subjects had OD, mostly PU.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202104000-00016/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T212621Z/r/image-tiff
Photomicrogrph Atlas of Wood Pellet Components
Authors: Drobniak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Concerns about climate change, energy security, and the diversification of energy supplies have made renewable resources increasingly more attractive and important sources of energy. As interest grows, bioenergy (energy from bio-based sources) is becoming more environmentally friendly and economically viable and has started to play a more prominent role in the global energy mix. In this changing market, wood pellets have emerged as a sustainable source of power with the potential to become a mainstream fuel in the future energy market.
Pellets are currently the most economical way of converting biomass into fuel, and they are a fast-growing component of the energy sector. Pellets can be made from various types of biomass including industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, and virgin lumber, which are compressed under high pressure. Among these, wood pellets are the most common, and they generally are made from raw trees, wood shavings, compacted sawdust, industrial wastes from the milling of lumber, manufacture of wood products and furniture, and construction. The wood pellets available on the market are sold as fuel (heating and grilling) or as absorbents for animal bedding.
But while the wood pellets are a fast-growing component of the energy sector and important tool in fight with global warming, it is important to understand influence of wood pellet quality on combustion emissions, and how their usage impacts human health and environment.
Thanks to wood pellet industry efforts, especially in the North America and European Union, many of the wood pellets follow rigorous production procedures, and certification. However, there are still some manufacturers that do not use the same production scrutiny, which can result in poorer quality of their pellets. Our research show that in some extreme cases these uncertified wood pellets contain more than 20 percent of impurities. While some of those contaminants are so big that can be visible even without microscope the majority of the contaminants are of micrometer size and can be detected and identify only under a microscope.
While the current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties, some impurities in pellets (glass, plastic, metal, ceramics, coal, and coke) are not easily identified this way. Our research shows that reflected light microscopy can be successfully used to identify and quantify those contaminants. Although reflected light microscopy technique is a well-known and widely used method allowing examination of various materials, this is a novel application for pellet fuels.
Rotunda na Kopcu Krakusa?
Authors: Słupecki Leszek P. 
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the question of a mysterious building on the top of Krakus burial mound (Cracow, Poland) which was documented on some engravings from the late 16th and 17th century presenting panoramas of the city of Cracow (Matthäus Merian, 1617; and Eric Dahlberg, 1655). On the Swedish map from 1702 the top of the mound is already empty. The hypothesis is that probably a small Romanesque rotunda stood there. The facility established over a big burial mound resembles the case of St. Nicholas (Sv. Nikola) church in Nin (Croatia) which is an early Romanesque rotunda (triconchos) rom ca. 1100 AD which stands till today on the top of a prehistoric mound. In Cracow excavation done on Krakus mound in 30ties eventually revealed a negative of destroyed foundations od the rotunda, which remained uninterpreted.
The Protestant Homiletics Approach toward Preaching on the Internet
Authors: Kalbarczyk Adam 
Published: April 2021

The presence of the sermon in cyberspace requires an in-depth theological interpretation and an appropriate classification. Evangelicals maintain that traditional homiletics is not able to meet this new technological challenge, thereby they call for creating a new homiletics, i.e. the one crafted for the Internet. This article outlines the proposal of such homiletics and discusses it thoroughly. This new approach toward Gospel preaching stems from the paradigm which perceives the sermon as an ‘open work of art’, adopted from Gerhard M. Martin’s aesthetic homiletics. Its supporters claim that the current situation allows for considering the Internet not only as a medium, but also a place where the Church is realized. Thus, the community gathered online around the sermon is treated as an ecclesial community. However, the Catholic Church does not accept such an understanding of both the Church and the sermon. In their view, in a virtual space the authentic preaching of the Church cannot be performed. Therefore, all forms of preaching on the Internet should not be researched by homiletics, but media theology.
Cooperation of the Local Government and the Church in the Service of the Old People in Poznań.
Authors: Kurosz Jolanta 
Published: April 2021

About 148 thousand seniors live in Poznań and according to forecasts, this number will systematically increase. The cooperation of the local government, non-governmental organizations and the Church counteracts the social exclusion of this group of people and is a necessary condition for seniors to live in their environment as long as possible. The senior policy in Poznań is implemented in the areas indicated by the WHO: construction, public space management, transport, housing, social support, professional and social activation, counteracting exclusion, social support, health protection. The Center for Senior Initiatives, as a municipal unit, implements projects for seniors and cooperates with Caritas.
Laboratory and Constitutive Modeling of Critical State Behavior of Rockfill Aggregates Mixed with Polymer
Authors: Yang Gui , Hu Xianhong , Feng Qian , Nimbalkar Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to increase the strength and deformation properties of coarse aggregates, the polymer was used as an additive. In this study, a series of triaxial tests were performed to analysis the effect of polymer content on the strength, deformation, and critical state of rockfill aggregates. It is found that the deformation properties are the same for different polymer contents. As the polymer content increases, the peak stress increases, and the volume strain decreases. The addition of polymer mainly led to inducing cohesion in rockfill aggregates while showing a marginal influence on friction angle. The average effective stress, which considered the cohesion of polymer as additional effective stress, was modified. It was observed that the critical state envelopes in q–p′pc and e–p′pc were not much influenced by the addition of polymer. A state parameter is used as a function of void ratio and pressure. A boundary surface model of polymer rockfill aggregates based on the critical state approach was proposed. The performance of the model is demonstrated by the results of triaxial tests. The study shows the model could effectively capture the influence of polymer contents and confining pressures on strength and deformation characteristics of rockfill aggregates.
Solid solution hardening in CrMnFeCoNi-based high entropy alloy systems studied by a combinatorial approach
Authors: Keil Tom , Utt Daniel , Bruder Enrico , Stukowski Alexander , Albe Karsten , Durst Karsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solid solution hardening in high entropy alloys was studied for the Cantor alloy using diffusion couples and nanoindentation. We study a continuous variation of the alloying content and directly correlate the nanoindentation hardness to the local composition up to the phase boundary. The composition dependent hardness is analysed using the Labusch model and the more recent Varvenne model. The Labusch model has been fitted to experimental data and confirms Cr as the most potent strengthening element. For comparison of the experimental hardness and the predicted yield strength of the Varvenne model, a concentration-dependent strain-hardening factor is introduced to account for strain hardening during indentation, which leads to a very good agreement between experiment and model. A study of the input parameters of the Varvenne model, performed by atomistic computer simulations, shows no significant effect of fluctuations in the atomic size misfit volumes or in the local shear modulus to the computed yield strength.

Graphic Abstract
Phase 3 Randomized Study Comparing Vadadustat with Darbepoetin Alfa for Anemia in Japanese Patients with Nondialysis-Dependent CKD
Authors: Nangaku Masaomi , Kondo Kazuoki , Kokado Yoshimasa , Ueta Kiichiro , Kaneko Genki , Tandai Tsubasa , Kawaguchi Yutaka , Komatsu Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors have been shown in clinical trials to increase hemoglobin levels via the production of endogenous erythropoietin. Vadadustat, an oral agent in this drug class, is an alternative to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for the treatment of CKD-related anemia. This appears to be the first phase 3 randomized controlled trial to demonstrate noninferiority of vadadustat to darbepoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia in Japanese patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD. In participants receiving vadadustat, mean hemoglobin increased to the target range (11.0–13.0 g/dl) and was within this range up to week 52. Vadadustat was generally well tolerated over 52 weeks of treatment and no major safety concerns were identified. These findings suggest that vadadustat may be a potential treatment for anemia in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD.

Background
Standard care for treating anemia in patients with CKD includes use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, which sometimes involves increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Previous studies in patients with anemia and nondialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) found significantly elevated hemoglobin levels with use of vadadustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, compared with placebo.

Methods
In this phase 3, open-label, active-controlled noninferiority trial, we randomized 304 Japanese adults with anemia in NDD-CKD (including erythropoiesis-stimulating agent users and nonusers) to oral vadadustat or subcutaneous darbepoetin alfa for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was average hemoglobin at weeks 20 and 24. Safety data included adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs.

Results
A total of 151 participants received vadadustat and 153 received darbepoetin alfa. Least squares mean of the average hemoglobin at weeks 20 and 24 was 11.66 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 11.49 to 11.84) g/dl for vadadustat and 11.93 (95% CI, 11.76 to 12.10) g/dl for darbepoetin alfa. The 95% CIs for both treatments were within the target hemoglobin range (11.0–13.0 g/dl), and the lower 95% confidence limit for the difference between groups (−0.50 g/dl) was above the predefined noninferiority margin (−0.75 g/dl), demonstrating noninferiority of vadadustat to darbepoetin alfa. Similar proportions of patients in each group reported AEs and serious AEs. The most frequent AEs with vadadustat were nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, and constipation.

Conclusions
In Japanese patients with NDD-CKD, vadadustat was noninferior to darbepoetin alfa, was effective up to week 52 in terms of average hemoglobin, and was generally well tolerated. These results suggest that vadadustat may be a potential treatment for anemia in this patient population.