bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“As bad as anybody else”: The Innocents, Political Violence, and the Creole-Italian Alliance in Reconstruction New Orleans
Authors: Cook Christopher Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoordinated, violent political attacks increased throughout the months leading up to the 1868 presidential election in New Orleans and the surrounding area. Among the various Democratic organizations involved in election campaigning and voter intimidation, the group that received the lion’s share of credit for political attacks was the Innocents. The Innocents were a multi-lingual organization, made up mostly of Sicilians and other immigrants from modern Italy, but the club was helmed by well-connected Creole gentlemen. This paper explores the alliance between the Innocents’ Creole officers and Italian membership. That New Orleans’s fledgling Italian community found itself at the forefront of coordinated Democratic Party efforts to suppress the black vote calls into question the characterization of this group as non-white: Italian immigrants could support and benefit from white supremacy while continuing to experience prejudice. Such alliances have a history in New Orleans, where before the Civil War the local Know-Nothings held the unusual policy of embracing Catholics and even courting the immigrant vote. Indeed, several former Know-Nothings and their allies can be found among the Innocents’ leadership. Not all of the Innocents supported their organization’s role in the reactionary violence of 1868, and the actions of the club’s liberal members provides interesting complications to the Democratic Party’s courtship of the Italian community in New Orleans. This paper concludes by tracking the Innocents into their next iteration, as the Columbus Legion, and the association between the Democratic Party and Italians in New Orleans through several elections and state constitutional conventions.
Modelowe badania mikrobiomu świń według koncepcji wspólnego zdrowia „One Health” ludzi i zwierząt
Authors: Satora Marta , Rząsa Anna , Rypuła Krzysztof , Płoneczka-Janeczko Katarzyna 
Published: May 2021

Streszczenie
Mikrobiom człowieka pod względem liczebności bakterii przewyższa liczbę komórek ludzkiego organizmu. Określany jest jako dodatkowy, „zapomniany narząd” i odgrywa podstawową rolę w utrzymaniu wysokiego statusu zdrowotnego, co jest uwarunkowane zachowaniem pożądanych proporcji i naturalnych relacji między bakteriami a komórkami organizmu gospodarza. Nowe metody diagnostyczne umożliwiają profilowanie nie tylko mikrobiomu człowieka, ale i zwierząt gospodarskich. Coraz szersze zastosowanie w badaniach mikrobiomu ma innowacyjna metoda analityczna, jaką jest sekwencjonowanie nowej generacji NGS (next generation sequencig). Wiele bakterii określa się jako „niehodowalne” lub „niemożliwe do wyhodowania”, metagenomika odegrała istotną rolę w poznaniu tych bakterii, a także przyczyniła się do opracowania nowych pożywek, umożliwiających ich hodowlę. Głównym zastosowaniem NGS w mikrobiologii jest zastąpienie konwencjonalnej charakterystyki patogenów, opartej o ocenę morfologii, właściwości barwienia i cech metabolicznych, ich opisem związanym z genomem. Istnieje kilka platform, tj. „narzędzi diagnostycznych” wykorzystujących zróżnicowane technologie sekwencjonowania DNA m.in. Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) oraz Illumina MiSeq. Badania mikrobiomu trzody chlewnej z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych technologii sekwencjonowania wydają się więc szczególnie istotne w związku ze zbliżającymi się nieuchronnie zmianami w postępowaniu profilaktycznym i terapeutycznym u zwierząt. Analizy tego typu umożliwiają wnikliwą ocenę wpływu określonych czynników na populacje drobnoustrojów jelitowych oraz poznanie, jak „kształtować” skład mikrobiomu w celu poprawy jakości chowu i utrzymania prawidłowego statusu zdrowotnego świń, wpisując się w koncepcję wspólnego zdrowia ludzi i zwierząt.
Infirmière de recherche clinique en oncologie : revue exploratoire
Authors: Hong Mai , Hayden K. Alix , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , Sinclair Shane 
Published: May 2021

En ce 21e siècle, le cancer est une maladie qui suscite particulièrement l’attention en raison de sa complexité ainsi que des impacts physiques, émotionnels et financiers sur notre vie. L’attention portée à la recherche et les investissements dans le traitement contre le cancer en font la maladie la plus étudiée dans les essais cliniques à l’échelle mondiale. Les infirmières de recherche clinique font partie de l’équipe de recherche en oncologie et sont un élément fondamental de réussite des essais. Leurs relations directes avec les participants d’une étude de recherche sont essentielles pour les activités des essais cliniques en première ligne. De façon générale, l’afflux et la complexité des essais cliniques en oncologie ont transformé la pratique infirmière en oncologie et ont mené à la création de la sous-spécialité unique qu’est l’infirmière de recherche clinique en oncologie. La présente revue exploratoire s’est penchée sur le rôle et la pratique futurs de l’infirmière de recherche clinique.
Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Curing
Authors: Indhumathi Anbarasan M. , Sanjaiyan S.R. , Nagan Soundarapandiyan S. 
Published: May 2021

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has significant potential as a more sustainable alternative for ordinary Portland cement concrete. GPC had been introduced to reduce carbon footprints and thereby safeguarding environment. This emerging eco friendly construction product finds majority of its application in precast and prefabricated structures due to the special curing conditions required. Sustained research efforts are being taken to make the product suitable for in situ applications. The developed technology will certainly address the issues of huge energy consumption as well reduce water use which is becoming scarce nowadays. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) a by-product of iron industries in combination with fly ash has proved to give enhanced strength, durability as well reduced setting time. This study investigates the effect of GGBS as partial replacement of fly ash in the manufacture of GPC. Cube and cylindrical specimens were cast and subjected to ambient curing as well to alternate wetting-drying cycles. The 28 day compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and density of GPC specimens were found. The study revealed increase in compressive strength, split tensile strength, density as well flexural strength up to 40 percent replacement of fly ash by GGBS.
Estimation de la population de Tortues vertes (Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)) par photo-identification le long de la côte Caraïbe en Martinique
Authors: LIEBART Manon , BLOT Laura , BOUDY Claire , FEUNTEUN Aurore , DUPORGE Nathalie , SAFI Morjane , MONTGOLFIER Benjamin de 
Published: May 2021

Chez la Tortue verte (Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)), la plupart des estimations d’abondance reposent sur une phase du cycle, la nidification. Or, le suivi des tendances démographiques chez les juvéniles s’avère essentiel pour mettre en œuvre des mesures de gestion précoces. Dans cette étude, nous avons effectué une estimation de l’abondance des Tortues vertes juvéniles présentes le long de la côte Caraïbe en Martinique. Les données ont été récoltées sur six mois (de janvier à juillet 2019), sur la base du modèle capture-marquage-recapture par photo-identification. Nous avons d’abord estimé l’abondance pour chaque anse prospectée (n = 17) après avoir caractérisé leur population à l’aide du logiciel Close-Test. En fonction des analyses, les modèles de Schnabel, Schumacher-Eschmeyer, Lincoln-Peterson ou Jolly-Seber ont été utilisés. Nous en avons ensuite déduit l’abondance pour l’ensemble de l’île, estimée à 150 tortues [93-396] avec une forte fidélité de ces dernières aux sites d’alimentation. La taille des individus a également été notée et des tendances sur la répartition des individus ont été mises en évidence.
L’autonomie des sciences sociales en état d’urgence ?
Authors: Laurens Sylvain 
Published: May 2021

Dix ans après le colloque qui a donné lieu à la parution de l’ouvrage Enquêter : de quel droit ?, cet article est l’occasion de dresser un bilan de l’évolution des dangers qui pèsent aujourd’hui sur l’exercice de la liberté de recherche. À partir d’une mini-enquête menée auprès des collègues ayant répondu à l’appel d’offres « Attentats » lancé par le CNRS, nous souhaiterions également reprendre à nouveaux frais cette question des contraintes juridiques posées à la recherche en concentrant la focale sur les formes d’hétéronomisation spécifiques qu’expérimente le champ académique lorsqu’il doit légitimer son utilité dans le contexte d’une réactivation régulière de l’état d’urgence.
Sociologie de l’éthique de la recherche contemporaine
Authors: Otero Marcelo 
Published: May 2021

Cet article se propose de comprendre sociologiquement la montée du maximalisme moral en matière d’éthique de la recherche en mettant de l’avant cinq pistes d’analyse solidaires : 1- les transformations intervenues dans les conditions sociétales de « confiance systémique » (Luhmann) qui dessinent une nouvelle scène normative ; 2- la banalisation du « risque ordinaire » (Beck) comme rapport sociétal qui sous-tend le maximalisme moral ; 3- l’institutionnalisation du « cynisme réflexif » (Sloterdijk) comme position stratégique courante des acteurs mobilisés autour de l’éthique de la recherche ; 4- l’opposition fondamentale entre « maximalisme moral » et « minimalisme éthique » comme l’effet sociétal des nouvelles conditions normatives de confiance ; et 5- la position paradoxale que l’injonction à l’autonomie occupe dans les sociétés contemporaines à la fois prescrite comme vertu cardinale de l’individualité et minorisée par le précautionnisme bureaucratique et le providentialisme moral.
Effects of education methods on self-efficacy of smoking cessation counseling among medical students
Authors: Cho Ara , Lee Jeonggyu , Kim YunJin , Cho Byung Mann , Lee Sang Yeoup , Kong Eunhee , Kim Minjeong , Kim Jinseung , Jung Dong Sik , Han Seongho 
Published: May 2021

Background
Medical students need to receive training in providing smoking cessation counseling to provide effective smoking cessation interventions to smokers when they become doctors. This study examined the smoking cessation education curricula and factors affecting counseling self-efficacy (CSE) in smoking cessation treatment among medical students.

Methods
In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we obtained demographic information, personal history of tobacco use and intention to quit smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke in the school premises during the past week, the experience of learning about tobacco in each medical school, tobacco-related medical knowledge, and self-efficacy in smoking cessation counseling on medical students of four Korean medical schools.

Results
Among 1,416 medical students eligible, 313 (22.1%) students completed a self-administered questionnaire. Only 20.3% of the students reported positive CSE on smoking cessation. The factors affecting positive CSE were scores of ≥ 60 on tobacco-related medical knowledge, smoking experience, and blended learning (p = 0.014, 0.005, and 0.015, respectively).

Conclusion
This study shows that high scores in tobacco-related medical knowledge and blended learning are correlated with positive CSE for smoking cessation counseling.
Competing endogenous RNA network identifies mRNA biomarkers for overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma: two novel on-line precision medicine predictive tools
Authors: Lin Jinsong , Lu Shubiao , Jiang Zhijian , Hu Chongjing , Zhang Zhiqiao 
Published: May 2021

Background
Individual mortality risk predicted curve at the individual level can provide valuable information for directing individual treatment decision. The present study attempted to explore potential post-transcriptional biological regulatory mechanism related with overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients through competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and develop two precision medicine predictive tools for predicting the individual mortality risk curves for overall survival of LUAD patients.

Methods
Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the potential prognostic indicators, which were used to construct a prognostic model for overall survival of LUAD patients. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive performance of prognostic model.

Results
There were 494 LUAD patients in model cohort and 233 LUAD patients in validation cohort. Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were identified between LUAD tissues and normal tissues. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed on previous differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Fourteen mRNA biomarkers were identified as independent risk factors by multivariate Cox regression and used to develop a prognostic model for overall survival of LUAD patients. The C-indexes of prognostic model in model group were 0.786 (95% CI [0.744–0.828]), 0.736 (95% CI [0.694–0.778]) and 0.766 (95% CI [0.724–0.808]) for one year, two year and three year overall survival respectively. Two precision medicine predicted tools were developed for predicting individual mortality risk curves for LUAD patients.

Conclusion
The current study explored potential post-transcriptional biological regulatory mechanism and prognostic biomarkers for overall survival of LUAD patients. Two on-line precision medicine predictive tools were helpful to predict the individual mortality risk predicted curves for overall survival of LUAD patients. Smart Cancer Survival Predictive System could be used at https://zhangzhiqiao2.shinyapps.io/Smart_cancer_predictive_system_9_LUAD_E1002/.
Assessment of High-yielding Rapeseed-mustard Varieties in Haor (Wetland) Ecosystem for Development of Mustard-Boro Rice-Fallow Pattern in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Subrato , Miah Mohammad Noor Hossain , Biswas Mrityunjoy , Hoque Mozammel , Foysal Rafat Al 
Published: May 2021

Aims: To assess the suitability of short duration high yielding rapeseed-mustard variety(s) cultivation in the haor (wetland) areas.
Study Design: Randomized complete block (RCB).
Place and Duration of Study: Farmers’ field of Lalakhal, Jaintapur Upazila of Sylhet, Bangladesh during November 2014 to February 2015.
Methodology: The treatments included in the experiment were seven rapeseed-mustard varieties viz. i. Tori-7, ii. BARI sarisha-13, iii. BARI sarisha-14, iv. BARI sarisha-15, v. BARI sarisha-16, vi. advanced line Nap-205 and vii. BINA sarisha-4. Design of the experiment was randomized complete block (RCB) with three replications.
Results: The results revealed that BARI sarisha-16 produced the highest seed yield (1.99 t ha-1), but it took the maximum days (92) to maturity. The variety BARI sarisha-15 produced the second highest seed yield (1.78 t ha-1) closely followed by BINA sarisha-4 (1.75 t ha-1) and BARI sarisha-13 (1.68 t ha-1). The lowest seed yield (1.53 t ha-1) was obtained from the variety Tori-7 which was statistically similar to that of BARI sarisha-14 (1.59 t ha-1) and Nap-205 (1.68 t ha-1). Tori-7 took the minimum days (74.7) to maturity while BARI sarisha-15 took 77.7 days.
Conclusion: Variety BARI sarisha-15 could be a good option for haor areas for cultivation in medium low land before Boro rice after recession of rainwater, as it took less duration to maturity (77.7 days) with good seed yield (1.78 t ha-1).
Laser‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Nanoporous Au‐Modified TiO2 Nanowires for In Situ Performance Enhancement in Desorption and Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kim Moon‐Ju , Yun Tae Gyeong , Noh Joo‐Yoon , Song Zhiquan , Kim Hong‐Rae , Kang Min‐Jung , Pyun Jae‐Chul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of nanostructured substrates significantly impact laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) performance. Fundamental understanding of the substrate properties can provide insights into the design and development of an efficient LDI matrix. Herein, a hybrid matrix of nanoporous Au‐modified TiO2 nanowires (npAu‐TNW) is developed to achieve enhanced LDI‐MS performance. Its origin is investigated based on hybrid matrix properties including photo–thermal conversion and electronic band structure. Notably, further improvement is obtained in the npAu‐TNW than in the pristine TNW and non‐porous Au nanoisland‐modified TNW (Au‐TNW) hybrid, which is attributed to the laser‐induced surface restructuring/melting phenomenon. Noticeable surface restructuring/melting occurs in the npAu by laser exposure through efficient photo–thermal conversion of the highly porous npAu. At this instant of npAu structural changes, internal energy transfer from the npAu to the adsorbed analyte is promoted, which facilitates desorption. Moreover, strain is developed in situ in the TNW adjacent to the restructuring npAu, which distorts the TNW lattice. The strain development reduces recombination rates of charge carriers by introducing shallow trap levels in the bandgap, which enhances the ionization process. Ultimately, the high LDI‐MS performance based on the npAu‐TNW hybrid matrix is demonstrated by analyzing neurotransmitter.
Wireless and Flexible Skin Moisture and Temperature Sensor Sheets toward the Study of Thermoregulator Center
Authors: Lu Yuyao , Fujita Yusuke , Honda Satoko , Yang Shin‐Hsin , Xuan Yan , Xu Kaichen , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji , Takei Kuniharu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA disorder in the thermoregulator center in a human body leads to some potential diseases such as fever and hyperthyroidism. To predict these diseases early, monitoring the health condition of the human body due to the influence of thermoregulation disorders is important. Although extensive works are performed on sweat‐rate detection by constructing microfluidic channels, skin‐moisture evaporation before sweating remains unknown. This work proposes a wireless and flexible sensor sheet to investigate the thermoregulatory responses of different people under cold stimulation and exercise by measuring the temperature and moisture variations on the finger skin. An integrated flexible sensor system consists of a ZnIn2S4 nanosheet‐based humidity sensor and carbon nanotube/SnO2 temperature sensor. The results exhibit distinct thermoregulation abilities of five volunteers. Interestingly, the sudden increase in finger moisture that results from the excitation by the sympathetic nerve is observed during the cold‐stimulus test. Although further studies are required to predict the potential diseases resulted from thermoregulation disorders in human body, this study provides a possibility of continuous and real‐time monitoring of thermoregulatory activities via skin moisture and temperature detection using a flexible sensor sheet.
3D Printed Porous Methacrylate/Silica Hybrid Scaffold for Bone Substitution
Authors: Chung Justin J. , Yoo Jin , Sum Brian S. T. , Li Siwei , Lee Soojin , Kim Tae Hee , Li Zhenlun , Stevens Molly M. , Georgiou Theoni K. , Jung Youngmee , Jones Julian R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid biomaterials made with star polymer poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) and silica, which show promising mechanical properties, are 3D printed as bone substitutes for the first time, by direct ink writing of the sol. Three different inorganic:organic ratios of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)‐star‐SiO2 hybrid inks are printed with pore channels in the range of 100–200 µm. Mechanical properties of the 3D printed scaffolds fall within the range of trabecular bone, and MC3T3 pre‐osteoblast cells are able to adhere to the scaffolds in vitro, regardless of their compositions. Osteogenic and angiogenic properties of the hybrid scaffolds are shown using a rat calvarial defect model. Hybrid scaffolds with 40:60 inorganic:organic composition are able to instigate new vascularized bone formation within its pore channels and polarize macrophages toward M2 phenotype. 3D printing inorganic–organic hybrids with sophisticated polymer structure opens up possibilities to produce novel bone graft materials.
Multifaceted Design and Emerging Applications of Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Ma Zhenwei , Bao Guangyu , Li Jianyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTissue adhesives can form appreciable adhesion with tissues and have found clinical use in a variety of medical settings such as wound closure, surgical sealants, regenerative medicine, and device attachment. The advantages of tissue adhesives include ease of implementation, rapid application, mitigation of tissue damage, and compatibility with minimally invasive procedures. The field of tissue adhesives is rapidly evolving, leading to tissue adhesives with superior mechanical properties and advanced functionality. Such adhesives enable new applications ranging from mobile health to cancer treatment. To provide guidelines for the rational design of tissue adhesives, here, existing strategies for tissue adhesives are synthesized into a multifaceted design, which comprises three design elements: the tissue, the adhesive surface, and the adhesive matrix. The mechanical, chemical, and biological considerations associated with each design element are reviewed. Throughout the report, the limitations of existing tissue adhesives and immediate opportunities for improvement are discussed. The recent progress of tissue adhesives in topical and implantable applications is highlighted, and then future directions toward next‐generation tissue adhesives are outlined. The development of tissue adhesives will fuse disciplines and make broad impacts in engineering and medicine.
Electrically Induced Mixed Valence Increases the Conductivity of Copper Helical Metallopolymers
Authors: Greenfield Jake L. , Di Nuzzo Daniele , Evans Emrys W. , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Schott Sam , Deacon Jason T. , Peugeot Adele , Myers William K. , Sirringhaus Henning , Friend Richard H. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractControlling the flow of electrical current at the nanoscale typically requires complex top‐down approaches. Here, a bottom‐up approach is employed to demonstrate resistive switching within molecular wires that consist of double‐helical metallopolymers and are constructed by self‐assembly. When the material is exposed to an electric field, it is determined that ≈25% of the copper atoms oxidize from CuI to CuII, without rupture of the polymer chain. The ability to sustain such a high level of oxidation is unprecedented in a copper‐based molecule: it is made possible here by the double helix compressing in order to satisfy the new coordination geometry required by CuII. This mixed‐valence structure exhibits a 104‐fold increase in conductivity, which is projected to last on the order of years. The increase in conductivity is explained as being promoted by the creation, upon oxidation, of partly filled orbitals aligned along the mixed‐valence copper array; the long‐lasting nature of the change in conductivity is due to the structural rearrangement of the double‐helix, which poses an energetic barrier to re‐reduction. This work establishes helical metallopolymers as a new platform for controlling currents at the nanoscale.