bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Trainings of General Practitioners on Antibiotic Stewardship: Methods of a Pragmatic Quasi-Experimental Study in a Controlled Before-After Design in South-East-Lower Saxony, Germany (WASA)
Authors: Gornyk Daniela , Scharlach Martina , Buhr-Riehm Brigitte , Klett-Tammen Carolina Judith , Eberhard Sveja , Stahmeyer Jona Theodor , Großhennig Anika , Smith Andrea , Meinicke Sarah , Bautsch Wilfried , Krause Gérard , Castell Stefanie 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global public health. It reduces the effectiveness of treatments for serious bacterial infections and thus increases the risk of fatal outcomes. Antibiotic prescriptions are often not in line with clinical evidence-based guidelines. The process of emergence of resistant bacteria can be slowed down by adherence to guidelines. Yet this adherence seems to be lacking in primary health care.Methods and Analysis: This pragmatic quasi-experimental study using a controlled before-after design was carried out in South-East-Lower Saxony in 2018–2020. The voluntary attendance of interactive trainings with condensed presentation of current guidelines for general practitioners (GP) on antibiotic management for urinary and respiratory tract infections is regarded as intervention. Those GP not attending the trainings constitute the control group. Data were collected via questionnaires; routine health records are provided by a statutory health insurance. The primary outcome is the proportion of (guideline-based) prescriptions in relation to the relevant ICD-10 codes as well as daily defined doses and the difference in proportion of certain prescriptions according to guidelines before and after the intervention as compared to the control group. Further outcomes are among others the subjectively perceived risk of antibiotic resistance and the attitude toward the guidelines. The questionnaires to assess this are based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and health action process approach (HAPA). Variations over time and effects caused by measures other than WASA (Wirksamkeit von Antibiotika-Schulungen in der niedergelassenen Aerzteschaft-Effectiveness of antibiotic management training in the primary health care sector) training are taken into account by including the control group and applying interrupted time series analysis.Ethics and Dissemination: The study protocol and the data protection concept respectively were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hannover Medical School and the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information.Trial Registration:https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013951, identifier DRKS00013951.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers but Not Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Are Associated With a Reduced Risk of Acute Kidney Injury After Major Surgery
Authors: Yang Shao-Yu , Huang Tao-Min , Lai Tai-Shuan , Chou Nai-Kuan , Tsao Chun-Hao , Huang Yi-Ping , Lin Shuei-Liong , Chen Yung-Ming , Wu Vin-Cent , NSARF study group  
Published: April 2021

Objective: We investigated the respective effects of preoperative angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality.Methods: In this nested case-control study, we enrolled 20,276 patients who received major surgery. We collected their baseline demographic data, comorbidities and prescribed medication, the outcomes of postoperative AKI and mortality. AKI was defined by the criteria suggested by KDIGO (Kidney disease: Improving Global Outcome). Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of exposure to ACEIs or ARBs.Results: Compared with patients without ACEI/ARB, patient who received ARBs had a significantly lower risk for postoperative AKI (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.82, p = 0.007). However, ACEI users had a higher risk for postoperative AKI than ARB users (OR 1.30, p = 0.027), whereas the risk for postoperative AKI was not significantly different between the ACEI users and patients without ACEI/ARB (OR 1.07, p = 0.49). Compared with patients without ACEI/ARB, both ACEI and ARB users were associated with a reduced risk of long-term all-cause mortality following surgery (OR 0.47, p = 0.002 and 0.60, p &lt; 0.001 in ACEI and ARB users, respectively), without increasing the risk of hyperkalemia during the index hospitalization (p = 0.20). The risk of long-term all-cause mortality following surgery in ACEIs and ARBs users did not differ significantly (OR 0.74, p = 0.27). Furthermore, the higher the defined daily dose of ARB, the better the protection against AKI provided.Conclusion: Our study revealed that preoperative use of ARBs was associated with reduced postoperative AKI, which is better in high quantity, whereas preoperative use of ACEIs or ARBs were both associated with reduced mortality and did not increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of a Brazilian of Short Version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale
Authors: de Faria Cardoso Cláudia , Ohe Natalia Tiemi , Taba Vera Lúcia , Paiva Tamyres Tomaz , Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin , Campos Luciana Aparecida 
Published: April 2021

Background: A short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) comprising only re-experiencing symptom items has been recently validated on Japanese adults. This short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to translate and culturally validate the short-version-PDS for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context.Methods: A translation of the short-version-PDS was performed based on established guidelines. We enrolled 53 patients with PTSD as a potential comorbidity. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the short-version-PDS included forward and back-translation by a Japanese Brazilian researcher and a certified translator; synthesis was achieved by consensus, backward translation, pilot test, and finalization. Content validity coefficient (CVC) was used to assess quality of adaptation. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Spearman correlations were between the new short-version-PDS and the Brazilian version of the posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the best cut-off values for the short-version-PDS.Results: The short-version-PDS was well accepted by all subjects, none of the questions were experienced as inappropriate, and all questions of the 3 items were judged important. Item 1 presented CVCt = 0.92; item 2 had a CVCt = 0.87 and item 3 had a CVCt = 0.95. The internal consistency of the final version as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The short-version-PDS scale correlated positively with the DSM-5 scale with a Spearman rho of 0.64 (95%CI [0.4-0.8], p &lt; 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve value was 0.97 (95%CI [0.9-1.0], p &lt; 0.001). The cut-off score for a maximum Youden Index of 0.8 to distinguish moderate from severe from slight PTSD was &gt; 31.0 with sensitivity and specificity are 86.4 and 93.5%, respectively.Conclusions: This Brazilian Portuguese version of the short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Brazilian adults with and without PTSD. Transferability and generalizability of the cut-off scores should be further analyzed.
Pharmacotherapy of Patients Taking New Psychoactive Substances: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Case Reports
Authors: Ordak Michal , Zmysłowska Aleksandra , Bielski Miłosz , Rybak Daniel , Tomaszewska Maja , Wyszomierska Katarzyna , Kmiec Aleksandra , Garlicka Natalia , Zalewska Maria , Zalewski Michal , Nasierowski Tadeusz , Muszynska Elzbieta , Bujalska-Zadrozny Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

Background: In recent years, an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations of patients taking newer and newer psychoactive substances has been observed around the world. Each year, authors publish case reports of patients who consumed previously unknown NPS. Most publications of this type concern the period between 2014 and 2016. However, no publication systematically reviews the pharmacotherapy used in these cases. This study aims to review the case reports of patients taking NPS published between 2010 and 2019, as well as analyzing the pharmacotherapy used.Methods: We searched the Thomson (Web of Knowledge), PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The search was performed using all possible combinations of the term “case report” describing the use of NPS, also referred to as designer medications, internet medications, research chemicals and herbal highs.Results: We analyzed 51 case reports on the intake of various types of NPS. Most of them (p &lt; 0.001) concerned the use of synthetic cannabinoids (41.2%) and cathinones (31.4%). The pharmacotherapy applied primarily (p &lt; 0.001) consisted of administering benzodiazepines to patients (62.7%), most of whom took only this group of medications (25.5%), followed by groups receiving benzodiazepines combined with neuroleptics (15.7%) and muscle relaxants (11.8%). Opioids were administered primarily to patients taking synthetic opioids (p &lt; 0.001). Of the 5 cases of deaths from NPS reported in the literature, three relate specifically to the synthetic opioid MT-45. The later the time period, the more medications patients were administered (p = 0.02).Conclusion: In the pharmacotherapy for NPS poisoning, one should focus primarily on combating psychomotor agitation.
Signal-Based Self-Organization of a Chain of UAVs for Subterranean Exploration
Authors: Laclau Pierre , Tempez Vladislav , Ruffier Franck , Natalizio Enrico , Mouret Jean-Baptiste 
Published: April 2021

Miniature multi-rotors are promising robots for navigating subterranean networks, but maintaining a radio connection underground is challenging. In this paper, we introduce a distributed algorithm, called U-Chain (for Underground-chain), that coordinates a chain of flying robots between an exploration drone and an operator. Our algorithm only uses the measurement of the signal quality between two successive robots and an estimate of the ground speed based on an optic flow sensor. It leverages a distributed policy for each UAV and a Kalman filter to get reliable estimates of the signal quality. We evaluate our approach formally and in simulation, and we describe experimental results with a chain of 3 real miniature quadrotors (12 by 12 cm) and a base station.
Knowledge Management from Senior Users of Online Health Information Point of View
Authors: Therkildsen Sudmann Tobba , Fredriksen Eva Haukeland , Børsheim Ingebjørg Træland , Heldal Ilona 
Published: April 2021

In today’s society, all citizens who need digital information to manage their everyday life must be able to access it and trust it. They should have enough knowledge to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) and online health information (OHI) in an intended and purposeful way. The broader aim of this paper is to present and discuss health knowledge management (KM) from senior users of the online health information point of view. The theoretical point of departure is based on an understanding of health, knowledge and the Internet as social practices. This paper investigates e-Health literacy (eHL) and KM in health amongst seniors aged 65-90. It presents a case study on how they access, apprais, share and apply OHI in comparison to the way they use face-to-face health-encounters. Data comes from 17 open-ended interviews. E-HL and KM concepts are used to analyse and describe online behaviour and knowledge management in health as an interplay between individual and social factors. The results show how participants engage in self- and co-management of their own or others' health and illustrate how they get or receive help to understand OHI. By examining how they use ICT and do (not) trust OHI regarding “serious cases,” this paper provides critical insight into ways seniors acquire information and how they appraise, understand or trust in it. Their information-seeking activities are performed mainly in private settings, seldom with professionals. They have lower levels of trust in their own, individual appraisal skills, compared to collective searches and discussions. Norwegian seniors are cool and pragmatic, and emphatic on the “when needs must, see your GP!”. By examining differences in ICT use, knowledge acquisition and support given or received, the results pinpoint how providers must affirm seniors’ ICT use and individual and collective online health behaviour as assets for healthy ageing. A potential barrier for citizens’ use of OHI and health technology is the built-in understanding of health as an individual capacity and ICT use as an individual activity, compared to a contemporary understanding of health and the Internet as social practices and collective resources. Designers of health technologies and OHI should critically consider built-in understandings of content and users to enhance accessibility and value for citizens of all ages.
Tocotrienol-rich vitamin E from palm oil (Tocovid) and its effects in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: a pilot phase II clinical trial
Authors: Chiew Yilynn , Tan Suzanne May Quinn , Ahmad Badariah , Khor Sim Ee , Abdul Kadir Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To identify the effects of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E from palm oil (Tocovid) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and methods: The intervention group (n = 21) received 200 mg Tocovid twice daily while the control group (n = 22) received placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. Changes in retinal photography by conventional grading and novel quantification of retinal hemorrhage were assessed. Changes in serum biomarkers advanced glycation end products (AGE) general, sRAGE (soluble receptor of AGE), Nε-CML (specific type of AGE), and cystatin C were evaluated.
Results: A novel technique to quantify retinal hemorrhage had a strong positive correlation with conventional grading of DR in both eyes at baseline and at the end of the study. Eight-week supplementation of Tocovid resulted in significant reduction in retinal hemorrhage in the right eye. Liver enzymes and ALT significantly reduced. No significant changes in grade of DR, serum biomarkers, HbA1c, blood pressure, renal profile, and lipid profile were observed.
Conclusions: Tocovid is a potential adjunct to current treatment of DR and fatty liver disease. A novel method of quantifying retinal hemorrhage is a potential technique for assessing disease severity of DR, particularly the early changes.
Almost Simple Groups of Lie Type and Symmetric Designs with $\lambda$ Prime
Authors: Alavi Seyed Hassan , Bayat Mohsen , Daneshkhah Ashraf 
Published: April 2021

In this article, we investigate symmetric $(v,k,\lambda)$ designs $\mathcal{D}$ with $\lambda$ prime admitting flag-transitive and point-primitive automorphism groups $G$. We prove that if $G$ is an almost simple group with socle a finite simple group of Lie type, then $\mathcal{D}$ is either the point-hyperplane design of a projective space $\mathrm{PG}_{n-1}(q)$, or it is of parameters $(7,4,2)$, $(11,5,2)$, $(11,6,3)$ or $(45,12,3)$.
ПРО ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ НАУК УКРАЇНИ У 2020 РОЦІ ТА ЗАВДАННЯ НА 2021 РІК
Authors: Кремень Василь Григорович 
Published: April 2021

Представлено діяльність Національної академії педагогічних наук України у 2020 р., що відповідно до пріоритетів державної освітньо-наукової політики, визначених стратегічними і програмними документами, спрямовувалася на теоретико-методологічне й науково-методичне забезпечення функціонування та розвитку національної системи освіти, виконання статутних завдань загалом. Висвітлено результати роботи академії, її підвідомчих установ, колективів вчених, дійсних членів і членів-кореспондентів. Наведено найвагоміші наукові здобутки вчених академії за результатами виконання фундаментальних і прикладних досліджень та їх соціальний ефект упровадження. Розкрито роботу загальних зборів і методологічних семінарів, а також Президії НАПН України. Усебічно відображено експериментальну, видавничу, науково-організаційну, науково-експертну, освітню, міжнародну, науково-інформаційну діяльність, співпрацю з органами державної влади і науковими організаціями, представлення наукових періодичних видань та публікацій вчених у світовій системі наукових комунікацій, проведення науково-практичних масових заходів, а також фінансове забезпечення.
Pendapatan Wasit dan Asisten Wasit Liga 1 Shopee 2020/2021 dimasa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Bangbang Bangbang syamsudar 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the income of League 1 referees in 2020 who live in the West Java area before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive and with the sampling technique carried out by a total sampling of 10 respondents consisting of 6 referees and 5 assistant referees from the Association of West Java PSSI Provinces. The data was collected by means of telephone interviews and surveyheart techniques, while data analysis was carried out using the percentage technique and then interpreted descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the income of League 1 football referees and assistant referees of the Association of West Java PSSI Provinces has decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan wasit Liga 1 tahun 2020 yang berdomisili didaerah Jawa Barat sebelum dan saat terjadi pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dan dengan teknik penarikan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling sebanyak 10 responden yang terdiri dari 6 wasit dan 5 asisten wasit yang berasal dari Asosiasi Provinsi PSSI Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara melalui telepon dan surveyheart sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik persentase kemudian di interpretasikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan wasit dan asisten wasit sepakbpola Liga 1 anggota Asosiasi Provinsi PSSI Jawa Barat mengalami penurunan pada saat pandemi Covid-19.
Identifying the Coronal Source Regions of Solar Wind Streams from Total Solar Eclipse Observations and in situ Measurements Extending over a Solar Cycle
Authors: Habbal Shadia R. , Druckmüller Miloslav , Alzate Nathalia , Ding Adalbert , Johnson Judd , Starha Pavel , Hoderova Jana , Boe Benjamin , Constantinou Sage , Arndt Martina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This letter capitalizes on a unique set of total solar eclipse observations acquired between 2006 and 2020 in white light, Fe xi 789.2 nm (T
fexi = 1.2 ± 0.1 MK), and Fe xiv 530.3 nm (T
fexiv = 1.8 ± 0.1 MK) emission complemented by in situ Fe charge state and proton speed measurements from Advanced Composition Explorer/SWEPAM-SWICS to identify the source regions of different solar wind streams. The eclipse observations reveal the ubiquity of open structures invariably associated with Fe xi emission from Fe10+ and hence a constant electron temperature, T
c = T
fexi, in the expanding corona. The in situ Fe charge states are found to cluster around Fe10+, independently of the 300–700 km s−1 stream speeds, referred to as the continual solar wind. Thus, Fe10+ yields the fiducial link between the continual solar wind and its T
fexi sources at the Sun. While the spatial distribution of Fe xiv emission from Fe13+ associated with streamers changes throughout the solar cycle, the sporadic appearance of charge states >Fe11+ in situ exhibits no cycle dependence regardless of speed. These latter streams are conjectured to be released from hot coronal plasmas at temperatures ≥T
fexiv within the bulge of streamers and from active regions, driven by the dynamic behavior of prominences magnetically linked to them. The discovery of continual streams of slow, intermediate, and fast solar wind characterized by the same T
fexi in the expanding corona places new constraints on the physical processes shaping the solar wind.
Strengthening the Instructional Role in Self-Directed Learning Activities
Authors: Armstrong Myrna L , Toebe Dianne M , Watson Marcia R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A great deal of educational money and faculty time is spent on the development of self-directed modules.* Nurse educators need to incorporate those portions of instructional design and feedback methods that will enhance the personal-social aspects of the educational process. This article explores the development of a course facilitator position as the major person to provide instructional feedback and the techniques used to intensify this role, thus encouraging higher completion rates in self-directed learning activities.
Educational Entry Level into Nursing Practice
Authors: Glick Marilyn S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nursing, like other professions in the United States, is an essential part of the society out of which it grew and within which it has been evolving. The purpose and meaning of nursing as a profession have been defined by society. Society both recognizes and expects a profession to be an authority in a specialized field and this authority is legitimized through a superior knowledge base. This concept of a superior knowledge base has historically been based on the Bachelor's Degree as a minimum prerequisite for professional practice.
Historical and sociological explanations are described in the article as to why nursing remained so long out of the legitimizing influence of the university. Contemporary American lifestyle of acceleration, change, tensions, and adaptive struggles are different from the turn-of-the-century life. The needs of contemporary society, and the dimensions of health care are different. The ANA Social Policy Statement and contemporary nursing theorists describe the human responses of an increasingly intelligent society within a complex health care system as the independent responsibility of the nursing profession. Does nursing have the autonomy and the authority to fulfill this contract with society? Do the members of the nursing profession agree on the parameters of a profession? Can nursing's image survive outside of these historically defined parameters of profession? It is within the context of these ideas and questions that the baccalaureate education in nursing is discussed as the minimal entry level into practice.
Mandatory Continuing Education in Nursing: A Question of Constitutionality
Authors: Newbern Virginia B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The difficulty in documenting that mandatory continuing education enhances nursing practice and the current ideological shift toward a more individualistic, competitive society may precipitate a legal challenge to the constitutionality of mandatory continuing education. Since no challenges have yet occurred, a search of case law devoted to public school education was done to ferret out precedents that might be used should a suit be joined. Based on the results of that search, the best guess is that a court will rule in favor of mandatory continuing education with several stipulations, including one that costs be underwritten to some degree by the public, in the tradition of public education.
A Description of Florida's Mandatory Continuing Education System
Authors: Penny Jean Tredinick 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Florida Board of Nursing feels that consumer health and welfare are influenced by the ability of nurses to offer safe care. Board members advocate the theory that currency in nursing practice is enhanced by continuous updating of knowledge and skills. To this end, the Board requires 24 contact hours of approved continuing education every two years as a license renewal condition for Florida's nurses. This article reflects a description of this system as it was in place in 1986. In-depth evaluation of the extensive continuing education database compiled since 1979 has enabled the Board to identify strengths and weaknesses of the system. As a result, modification and refinement of certain elements currently are underway.