bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic shock after contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐guided liver biopsy: A case report of primary hepatic angiosarcoma
Authors: Zhou Ling , Li Shi‐Yan , Chen Chao , Xu Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy. There is no specificity in clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging examinations. The definitive diagnosis of PHA depends on pathological analysis. The gold standard method to obtain specimens is percutaneous transhepatic biopsy under the guidance of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). However, CEUS‐guided biopsy for PHA is controversial. If a biopsy is necessary, a comprehensive preoperative evaluation is essential. In addition, CEUS has an auxiliary value in diagnosing PHA. In this case, we present an elderly woman who underwent CEUS‐guided liver mass biopsy. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock after biopsy.
Virtual interviewing in the COVID‐19 era: A survey of graduate program directors
Authors: Vallejo Manuel C. , Price Shelia S. , Vanek Trey W. , Fuller Kylie A. , Nield Linda S. , Cottrell Scott A. , Ferrari Norman D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectiveDue to the coronavirus pandemic, virtual interviews became a mainstay of graduate dental and medical education selection processes. To gain a handle on how to navigate lingering uncertainties about how interviews should be conducted in the future, this study examined the benefits and pitfalls of the virtual interview process (VIP) and assessed program plans to implement in the next interview cycle.MethodsAn anonymous online survey, for completion by one program representative (director or associate director), was sent to graduate medical education (GME) and advanced dental education programs at West Virginia University (N = 74).ResultsFifty‐two (52) of the programs (70%) completed the survey. Zoom was the most frequently used interview platform (78.8%). Approximately two thirds (65.4%) of the interviewers thought VIP allowed the program to promote the university, the school, and their program and also reported experiencing video‐conferencing fatigue. About six in 10 perceive VIP can introduce bias in selecting applicants (59.6%) and potentially disadvantage some applicants (67.3%). Compared to the previous in‐person cycle, 67.4% of programs invited more applicants, and 73.1% interviewed more applicants. Regarding the 2021–2022 interview cycle, 55.8% of programs plan to offer either an in‐person or VIP, while 7.7% plan to keep their process completely virtual.ConclusionGraduate programs in this study demonstrated the indispensability of technology in transitioning from in‐person to virtual interviews during COVID‐19 pandemic. VIP has several advantages and disadvantages; this style of interview is forecasted to have a presence in applicant selection in the future.
A comparison of dental therapy and dental students’ clinical performance
Authors: Blue Christine M. , Mancini John , Seyffer Danae , Lunos Scott , Self Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine if there is a difference between dental therapy students’ clinical performance as compared to dental students at the University of Minnesota. An ex post facto research design was used to compare dental therapy students’ and dental students’ performance on selected clinical procedures. Dental students and dental therapy students from the graduating classes of 2016, 2017, and 2019 at the University of Minnesota comprised the study sample. Fisher's exact test was used to compare pass rates, and Wilcox rank sum test was used to compare performance scores. Dental therapy students’ clinical performance on competency examinations and scores on daily clinical procedures showed no statistically significant difference when compared to dental student performance. There was no overall statistical difference in clinical performance between the three student cohorts. Dental therapy students performed equally as well as the dental students.
Biocompatible Nanotube‐Strontium/polydopamine‐arginine–glycine–aspartic acid coating on Ti6Al4V enhances osteogenic properties for biomedical applications
Authors: Hong Leilei , Yuan Lichan , Xu Xiaoxu , Ma Yuhuan , Meng Li , Wang Junyi , Zhao Na , Wang Xiaoliang , Ma Junqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTitanium (Ti) alloys, particularly Ti6Al4V, are the most commonly used biomedical implant material. Ti alloys are biologically inert, so there have been continuous efforts to improve their osteogenic properties and clinical performance. Since TiO2 nanotubes (NT) appear to be excellent drug platforms, and strontium reportedly enhances osteogenesis, we constructed a TiO2 nanotube coating on the surface of Ti6Al4V and immersed it in Sr (OH)2 solution in order to incorporate Sr into TiO2 nanotubes (NT‐Sr). The results of field emission scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction analysis verified the fabrication of NT‐Sr. We next added polydopamine (PDA) and cyclo‐ (arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–phenylalanine–cysteine) [c(RGDfC)] peptides to further promote biocompatibility of the implant. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the existence of PDA and c(RGDfC). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were planted on Ti, NT, NT‐Sr, NT‐Sr/PDA, and NT‐Sr/PDA‐RGD surfaces. The adhesion and differentiation of MSCs on different surfaces were evaluated. The mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and type I collagen (Col I) of different groups were also tested. Finally, we observed that the NT‐Sr/PDA‐RGD group showed significantly better performance than other groups in terms of the differentiation and osteogenesis‐related gene expression of MSCs. Thus, the NT‐Sr/PDA‐RGD complex may be an important modification strategy for Ti, as it shows excellent osteogenic potential.
Comparison of microbial communities in replicated woodchip bioreactors
Authors: Schaefer Abby , Lee Jaejin , Soupir Michelle L. , Moorman Thomas B. , Howe Adina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDenitrification in woodchip bioreactors is a microbial process, but the effects of variations in bioreactors operation on microbial community structure are not well understood. Here, our goals were to understand hydraulic retention time (HRT) as a factor that influences woodchip bioreactor microbial community variation and structure in replicated field bioreactors and to evaluate relationships between microbial community membership and marker genes for denitrification. We used a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction of nirS, nirK, nosZI, and nosZII and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbial communities of nine pilot‐scale woodchip bioreactors located at Iowa State University. Our results showed dynamic microbial communities but with persistent taxa between two sampling years and three HRTs. Similarities between functional gene copy numbers across sampling year and HRT indicate that the potential for denitrification is conserved despite differences in the microbial communities. These results are evidence that there are specific and persistent taxa within replicated bioreactors. Woodchip bioreactor microbial community membership is recommended to be the focus of future studies to better understand the relationship between microbial community functions and bioreactor management.
Disproof of a conjecture by Erdős and Guy on the crossing number of hypercubes
Authors: Yang Yuansheng , Wang Guoqing , Wang Haoli , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet be the ‐dimensional hypercube, and let be the crossing number of . Erdős and Guy in 1973 conjectured the following equality: . In this paper, we construct a drawing of with less crossings when , which implies that for we have a strict inequality.
Optimal time and threshold of absolute lymphocyte count recovery as a prognostic factor after single‐unit cord blood transplantation in adults
Authors: Konuma Takaaki , Monna‐Oiwa Maki , Takano Kosuke , Isobe Masamichi , Kato Seiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Nannya Yasuhito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated the optimal time and threshold of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery as a prognostic factor in 174 adult patients who received single‐unit cord blood transplantation (CBT) at our institute. We analyzed the impact of ALC ≥300, ≥600, and ≥900/μl by 30 and 60 days on transplant outcomes. Multivariate analysis showed that only ALC ≥300/μl at 60 days was significantly associated with overall mortality (hazard ratio, 0.24; p = 0.001) following CBT. The optimal time point to use ALC recovery as a prognostic tool following CBT could be later than those following adult donor transplantation.
Neonatal GALT gene replacement offers metabolic and phenotypic correction through early adulthood in a rat model of classic galactosemia
Authors: Daenzer Jennifer M. I. , Rasmussen Shauna A. , Patel Sneh , McKenna James , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) results from profound deficiency of galactose‐1‐P uridylyltransferase (GALT). Despite early detection by newborn screening and lifelong dietary restriction of galactose, most patients grow to experience a range of long‐term complications. Recently, we developed and characterized a GALT‐null rat model of CG and demonstrated that AAV9‐hGALT, administered by tail vein injection to neonatal pups, dramatically improved plasma, liver, and brain galactose metabolites at 2 weeks posttreatment. Here we report a time‐course study of GALT restoration in rats treated as neonates with scAAV9‐hGALT and harvested at 8, 14, 30, and 60 days. Cohorts of rats in the two older groups were weaned to diets containing either 1% or 3% of calories from galactose. As expected, GALT activity in all treated animals peaked early and then diminished over time, most notably in liver, ostensibly due to dilution of the nonreplicating episomal vector as transduced cells divided. All treated rats showed dramatic metabolic rescue through 1 month, and those weaned to the lower galactose diet showed continued strong metabolic rescue into adulthood (2 months). Prepubertal growth delay and cataracts were both partially rescued by treatment. Finally, we found that UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), which offers a metabolic bypass around missing GALT, was 3‐fold more active in brain samples from adult rats than from young pups, offering a possible explanation for the improved ability of older GALT‐null rats to metabolize galactose. Combined, these results document promising metabolic and phenotypic efficacy of neonatal GALT gene replacement in a rat model of classic galactosemia.
Fatty Acid Composition of Proximal Femur Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Subjects With Systemic Lupus Erythematous Using 3 T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Martel Dimitri , Saxena Amit , Belmont Howard Michael , Honig Stephen , Chang Gregory 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory disease with common musculoskeletal manifestations, notably reductions in bone quality. Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and quantity has been previously linked to bone quality and may play a role in SLE pathophysiology but has not been thoroughly studied.PurposeTo use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate bone marrow adipose tissue quantity and composition in proximal femur subregions of untreated SLE patients compared to controls and treated patients.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 64 female subjects: 28 SLE, 15 glucocorticoid (GC)‐treated SLE and 21 matched controls.Field Strength/SequenceStimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence at 3 T.AssessmentMRS was performed at multiple echo times in the femoral neck and trochanter regions and fatty acids (FA) composition was computed.Statistical TestsIntergroup comparisons were carried out using ANOVA. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSLE patients had significantly higher saturated FA compared to controls in both the femoral neck (+0.12) and trochanter (+0.11), significantly lower monounsaturated FA in the trochanter compared to controls (−0.05), and significantly lower polyunsaturated FA in the femoral neck compared to both controls (−0.07) and SLE patients on GC therapy (−0.05).Data ConclusionSLE patients have altered proximal femur marrow fat metabolism, which may reflect a manifestation of, or play a role in, the altered inflammatory response of these patients.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
The Raman Laser Spectrometer: A performance study using ExoMars representative crushed samples
Authors: Perez Canora Carlos , Rodriguez Jose Antonio , Musso Fabio , Moral Andoni , Seoane Laura , Zafra Jesus , Rodriguez Pablo Rodriguez , Ibarmia Sergio , Benito Marina , Veneranda Marco , Manrique Jose Antonio , Ramos Gonzalo , Charro Elena , Lopez Jose Manuel , González Manuel Ángel , Hutchinson Ian , Prieto‐Ballesteros Olga , Rull Fernando , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) is one of three key analytical instruments incorporated within the body of the ExoMars 2022 rover. The rover will collect samples from different sites on the Oxia Planum plain, using a drill capable of penetrating the near subsurface and rocky outcrops to a depth of 2 m. Samples are passed to the Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD) in the heart of the rover vehicle, where the Sample Preparation and Distribution System (SPDS) processes and transports the crushed material into a refillable container (RC), which is then presented to the analytical instruments for exobiology and geological investigation. The final sample grain distribution of the powder sample following the crushing and flattening processes is a critical aspect of the RLS instrument that has a direct impact on its overall performance, related to its mineral identification and operational capabilities. This paper provides a comparative overview of the performance of a set of Raman instruments, the RLS micro‐Raman Laboratory Equipment, the RLS ExoMars Simulator, and the RLS Engineering and Qualification Model (EQM) using Martian representative crushed samples, along with an evaluation of instrument performance as a function of the operational scenario. The results from the work performed by the RLS team confirm the capability of the RLS instrument performances, by acquiring good‐quality spectra from crushed samples provided by the SPDS, whose science return can be further optimized when improving the RLS instrument operation sequence.
Analysis of cell‐free circulating DNA fragment size and level in patients with lumbar canal stenosis
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Sakai Daisuke , Nomura Satoshi , Katoh Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell‐free circulating DNA (cfDNA), extracted by liquid biopsy, has been studied as a noninvasive biomarker for various diseases. The potential of cfDNA fragment size and level as a marker in lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) patients has never been studied. We investigated whether cfDNA is a biomarker of low back pain, leg pain, leg numbness severity in patients with an LCS. Blood samples were obtained from patients with LCS (n = 22) before and immediately after spinal surgery. Plasma DNA was isolated and examined for cfDNA fragment size and concentration. A cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 5) constituted the control group. The cfDNA fragment size tended to be shorter in patients than in healthy controls, but this difference was not significant (P = .186). cfDNA level was significantly higher in LCS patients (mean 0.614 ± 0.198 ng/μL, range 0.302‐1.150 ng/μL) than in healthy controls (mean 0.429 ± 0.064 ng/μL, range 0.366‐0.506 ng/μL) (P = .008). cfDNA level correlated positively with average pain (r = .435, P = .026) and leg numbness (r = .451, P = .018). cfDNA fragment size did not differ from before to after surgery, but cfDNA level increased postoperatively in patients with LCS. This was the first study investigating whether cfDNA fragment size and level are associated with pain in patients with LCS. Our findings suggest that cfDNA level may be an objective indicator of pain and surgical invasiveness in patients with LCS.
Dissolved organic carbon as a driver of seasonal and multiyear phytoplankton assembly oscillations in a subtropical monomictic lake
Authors: Sullivan Kristy Lee , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Swain Hilary M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton assembly dynamics in lakes are highly sensitive to variability in climate drivers and resulting physicochemical changes in lake water columns. As climate change increases the frequency of major precipitation events and droughts, many lakes experience increased inputs of colored dissolved organic carbon (CDOC) and nutrients. How these CDOC‐related changes in resources, transparency, and thermal stability affect phytoplankton assemblages, succession, and resilience is understudied, particularly in subtropical lakes. Here, we used time series, multivariate, and trait‐based functional redundancy analyses to elucidate the roles of phytoplankton in ecosystem resilience and determine potential drivers of assemblage shifts in a subtropical monomictic lake with fluctuating CDOC inputs (Lake Annie, Highlands County, Florida, USA). We found that phytoplankton assemblages and successional patterns differed between two dark‐water states (late 2005–mid‐2007, late 2012–2019) bracketing a clear‐water state (mid‐2007–late 2012), caused by shifting CDOC and nutrient concentrations associated with oscillating groundwater levels. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta), which were dominant during the two dark‐water states, nearly disappeared and were replaced by synurophytes during the clear‐water state. Assemblages had greater interannual consistency in the dark‐water states, while mean functional redundancy decreased in the clear‐water state. Seasonal phytoplankton successional changes were also more pronounced and synchronized with seasonal hydrologic shifts in the dark‐water states. Multiyear assemblage shifts occurred more quickly in clear‐to‐dark than dark‐to‐clear state transitions, suggesting phytoplankton in dark‐water states may be more resistant to state transitions or even contribute to dark‐water state resilience via feedback loops.
Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Anion Conducting Membranes Based on Ammonium‐Functionalized Polyethylene Pyrrole‐Polyethylene Ketone Copolymer
Authors: Alvi Afaaf Rahat , Vezzù Keti , Pagot Gioele , Sgarbossa Paolo , Pace Giuseppe , Di Noto Vito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew inorganic‐organic hybrid anion exchange membranes are produced after incorporation of tantalum oxide into trimethylammonium‐functionalized polyethylene pyrrole‐co‐polyethylene ketone (functionalized polyketone, FPK), obtained by the chemical modification of a polyketone polymer. The influence of tantalum oxide fillers on the properties of the synthesized membranes is investigated. The interaction between inorganic fillers and the polymer chains is studied using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). The thermal analysis of the FPK membranes reveals they are thermally stable at up to 250°C. However, the incorporation of the inorganic fillers reduces the thermal stability. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) results indicate that the inclusion of inorganic fillers leads to an increase in crystallinity. This study reports that the properties of the bulk polymer can be tuned by controlling the degree of functionalization and content of inorganic fillers, as confirmed by Near Ambient Pressure X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP‐XPS) studies. Finally, Broadband Electrical Spectroscopy (BES) studies demonstrate that the hybrid membranes are characterized by several polarization phenomena contributing to the overall ion conductivity of the material, which at RT is of 1.46 and 1.61 mS cm−1 for the FPK cast membrane and the hybrid membrane with 5.0 wt.% of Ta2O5 filler, respectively.
Regularity of the inverse mapping in Banach function spaces
Authors: Molchanova Anastasia , Roskovec Tomáš , Soudský Filip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the regularity properties of the inverse of a bilipschitz mappingfbelonging to , whereXis an arbitrary Banach function space. Namely, we prove that the inverse mapping is also in . Furthermore, the paper shows that the class of bilipschitz mappings in is closed with respect to composition and multiplication.
Photoelectrochemical Polymerization for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Yiyun , Yang Li , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells represent promising alternative photovoltaic (PV) technologies with the advantages of low material cost, ease of production, and high performance for indoor applications. Solid‐state DSCs (ssDSCs) have been developed to greatly diminish the problems of electrolyte leakage and electrode corrosion. However, the power conversion efficiency of ssDSCs generally is much lower than traditional liquid DSCs, resulting in low conductivity and poor pore infiltration of solid HTMs in mesoporous structures. To overcome these problems, in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) approach is developed to synthesize polymer HTMs in the porous electrodes, enabling enhancement of pore infiltration fraction and conductivity. The PEP method offers great opportunities for engineering the HTM interfaces, tuning the charge dynamics, and improving the PV performance of ssDSCs. Here the authors aim to present a coherent review of the recent development of material engineering and interfacial optimization for ssDSCs. The recent advances in the PEP are also summarized, with special emphasis on how the influencing factors control the PEP kinetics, the polymer properties as well as the device performance. This review provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of photopolymerization across different conditions, which serves as a guidebook for further optimization of the PEP process for ssDSCs.
Progress in Utilizing Dynamic Bonds to Fabricate Structurally Adaptive Self‐Healing, Shape Memory, and Liquid Crystal Polymers
Authors: Zhang Chun , Lu Xili , Wang Zhanhua , Xia Hesheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive structurally dynamic polymers are capable of mimicking the biological systems to adapt themselves to the surrounding environmental changes and subsequently exhibiting a wide range of responses ranging from self‐healing to complex shape‐morphing. Dynamic self‐healing polymers (SHPs), shape‐memory polymers (SMPs), and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are three representative examples of stimuli‐responsive structurally dynamic polymers, have been attracting broad and growing interest in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, sensors, soft robots, artificial muscles, and so on. Recent advances and challenges in the developments toward dynamic SHPs, SMPs, and LCEs are reviewed, focusing on the chemistry strategies and the dynamic reaction mechanisms that enhance the performances of the materials including self‐healing, reprocessing, and reprogramming. The different dynamic chemistries and their mechanisms on the enhanced functions of the materials are compared and discussed, where three summary tables are presented: A library of dynamic bonds and the resulting characteristics of the materials. Finally, a critical outline of the unresolved issues and future perspectives on the emerging developments is provided.