bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvothermal synthesis of triphenylamine‐based covalent organic framework nanofibers with excellent cycle stability for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Xiong Shanxin , Liu Jian , Wang Yuancheng , Wang Xiaoqin , Chu Jia , Zhang Runlan , Gong Ming , Wu Bohua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCovalent organic framework (COF) is a new class of porous materials used in energy storage devices. By solvothermal method, the triphenylamine‐based covalent organic framework was synthesized using Schiff base coupling reaction between tris(4‐aminophenyl) amine (TAPA) and tris(4‐formylphenyl) amine. The regular pore structure of TPA‐COFs not only exposes more active sites of triphenylamine structure to electrolyte solution during the charge–discharge process, but also accelerates the transport of ions in the active layer. At the same time, the π‐electron conjugated system and the interlayer π‐π stacking effect effectively promote the conduct of electrons in the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional directions of COFs materials, which improves the electrochemical performance of the materials. TPA‐COFs show a higher specific capacitance of 263.1 F/g at 0.1 A/g. At the same time, TPA‐COFs materials exhibit a high specific surface area of 398.59 m2/g. After 5000 cycles of charge–discharge, the capacitance retention rate of TPA‐COFs is 111%, showing excellent cycle stability.
Higher expectations of teachers are not sufficient: How to take the next big step in social‐emotional teacher training
Authors: Dietrich Lars 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growing interest in students' social‐emotional development, which is closely linked with the increasing efforts to reduce all forms of violence in schools, is a welcome development. However, if we are serious about furthering students' social‐emotional development with the same fervor as students' academic learning, we must provide teachers with the tools that enable them to meet these growing societal expectations. Most teachers at the secondary level are not trained to further students' social‐emotional development and are still primarily regarded, by themselves and others, as academic knowledge and skills conveyors. As a result, they are not prepared to respond to students' misbehavior and difficult group dynamics in ways that further students' social‐emotional development. Instead, they are forced to apply easy and quick‐to‐learn behavioral conditioning and punishment strategies that only manage behavior. Psychodynamic theory and empirical research suggest important limitations to this approach. Hence, I argue that teachers will be better prepared to meet these growing expectations in their work if they receive support in two ways. One, they need reliable feedback on those aspects of their daily interactions/routines with students that most strongly impact students' social‐emotional development. Student perception survey instruments are a particularly effective approach to collect such feedback, but contemporary instruments too strongly focus on behavior instead of underlying factors that determine behavior. Second, teachers need professional development training that takes into account and builds on such feedback. A particularly promising approach for such training is based on group‐analytic pedagogy.
Morphology Engineering of BiVO4 with CoOx Derived from Cobalt‐containing Polyoxometalate as Co‐catalyst for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Dong Yinjuan , Hu Gaoyang , Ma Kangwei , Chen Mengxue , Ding Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBismuth vanadate (BiVO4) as a metal oxidation semiconductor has stimulated extensive attention in the photocatalytic water splitting field. However, the poor transport ability and easy recombination of charge carriers limit photocatalytic water oxidation activity of pure BiVO4. Herein, the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 is enhanced via adjusting its morphology and combination co‐catalyst. First, the Cu‐BiVO4 was synthesized by copper doping to control the growth of {110} facet of BiVO4, which is regarded for the separation of photo‐generated charge carriers. Then the CoOx in‐situ generated from K6[SiCoII(H2O)W11O39] ⋅ 16H2O was photo‐deposited on Cu‐BiVO4 surface as co‐catalyst to speed up reaction kinetics. Cu‐BiVO4@CoOx hybrid catalyst shows highest photocatalytic activity and best stability among all the prepared catalysts. Oxygen evolution is about 34.6 μmol in pH 4 acetic acid buffer under 420 nm LED irradiation, which is nearly 20 times higher than that of pure BiVO4. Apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) in 1 h and O2 yield are 1.83% and 23.1%, respectively. O2 evolution amount nearly maintains the original value even after 5 cycles.
Brandverhalten von Dämmstoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen – Teil 1: Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Schwelprozessen und Emissionen
Authors: Steeger Felix , Kolb Torsten , Tech Sören , Wichmann Hubertus , Kampmeier Björn , Zehfuß Jochen , Kolb Marit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIm Forschungsvorhaben „Mehr als nur Dämmung – Zusatznutzen von Dämmstoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen” wurde in mehreren Teilprojekten der Feuchte‐, Wärme‐, Schall‐ und Brandschutz sowie die Nachhaltigkeit und Emissionswirkung von Dämmstoffen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (nawaRo‐Dämmstoffe) untersucht. Das übergeordnete, primäre Ziel des Forschungsverbundes war es, die Anwendbarkeit von nawaRo‐Dämmstoffen signifikant zu erhöhen und Anwendungshemmnisse auszuräumen. Im Arbeitsbereich Brandschutz und Glimmverhalten wurde das Schwelen, Glimmen und Brennen der nawaRo‐Dämmstoffe analysiert und Anwendungsgrenzen im Rahmen des mehrgeschossigen Bauens definiert. Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt die experimentellen Untersuchungen zum Auslösen, Verlauf und Löschverhalten von Schwelprozessen in nawaRo‐Dämmstoffen, der Wirkung von Flammschutzmitteln und denen im Zersetzungsprozess freigesetzten Emissionen. In einem folgenden Aufsatz wird die bautechnische Verwendung von nawaRo‐Dämmstoffen, anstelle der bisher geforderten nichtbrennbaren Dämmung, im Gefach von Holztafelbauweisen dargestellt.
Einfluss der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit der Baustoffe auf das thermische Verhalten von Gebäuden
Authors: Spiegel Jonas , Hofmann Markus , Schoch Torsten , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie Wärmespeicherfähigkeit von Baumaterialien ist die wesentliche Größe, die beschreibt, welche Wärmemenge von der Gebäudestruktur aufgenommen werden kann. Die thermische Speicherfähigkeit der Wände und Decken beeinflussen den Heizenergiebedarf von Gebäuden und den Mindestwärmeschutz aber auch das sommerliche Überhitzungspotenzial. Um die Kenntnisse zur Wärmespeicherfähigkeit im Gebrauchszustand von Gebäuden zu vertiefen, wurden zwei Versuchskuben errichtet und über zwei Jahre messtechnisch untersucht.Das thermische Verhalten der Bauteile und des Innenraums der Versuchskuben wurde bei verschiedenen Heiz‐ und Lüftungsszenarien gemessen, simuliert und analysiert. Es wurden einerseits längere Aufheiz‐ und Auskühlphasen und andererseits realitätsnahe Nutzungsszenarien untersucht, um den Einfluss der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit unter sehr vielfältigen Bedingungen zu analysieren und zu bestimmen.Aufgrund der verschiedenen Nutzungsszenarien im Experiment und den durchgeführten Simulationen konnte der Einfluss der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit auf das thermische Verhalten der Versuchskuben herausgearbeitet und ermittelt werden. Insbesondere galt es, die Bedeutung der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit von Bauteilen auf den Heizenergiebedarf sowie auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz zu bestimmen.
Fluid Flow Glazing in der Gebäudehülle
Authors: Pfanner Daniel , Dämkes Marc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIm Rahmen des EU‐Förderprogramms HORIZON 2020 wurde in dem viereinhalbjährigen Forschungsprojekt InDeWaG (Industrial Development of Fluid Flow Glazing Systems) eine Isolierverglasung entwickelt, in deren Zwischenraum ein Wasser‐Glykol‐Gemisch zirkuliert. Die Glaseinheiten kommen sowohl in der Fassade zum Einsatz als auch im Innenraum und werden zum Heizen und Kühlen verwendet. Ziel ist es, diese Komponenten innerhalb eines haustechnischen Gesamtsystems mit weiteren Technologien, wie z. B. Photovoltaik und hocheffizienten Wärmetauschern, zu kombinieren und den Gesamtenergieverbrauch von Gebäuden zu minimieren, ohne die Tageslichtnutzung einzuschränken.Der Bericht beschreibt zunächst die grundlegende Idee und Funktionsweise von Fluid Flow Glazing. Anschließend fokussiert er auf der Berücksichtigung der fluiddurchströmten Einzelscheiben im Rahmen der thermischen Gebäudesimulation. Erste vorliegende Ergebnisse aus einem Demonstrator‐Pavillon, der seit über einem Jahr in Betrieb ist, werden hierbei erläutert und mit den Ergebnissen der Gebäudesimulation verglichen.
Experimentell gewonnene Erkenntnisse zur Plastizität von Beton unter multiaxialem Druck
Authors: Vogdt Fritz Daniel , Speck Kerstin , Petryna Yuri , Curbach Manfred , Loutfi Jamila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNichtlineare Materialmodelle für Beton sind aus theoretischer Sicht für eine Simulation von Betonkonstruktionen bis zum Versagen geeignet. Anwendungsfälle bleiben allerdings nicht selten auf die Nachrechnung bekannter Versuche beschränkt. Dabei ist eine Anpassung einer Vielzahl nicht physikalischer Modellparameter an vorhandene Versuchsergebnisse erforderlich. Eine Prognose des Bauteilverhaltens ist auf diese Weise unmöglich. Einschränkungen vorhandener Modelle werden schon bei der Simulation eines einfachen uniaxialen Würfeldruckversuchs deutlich. In Belastungsrichtung wird zwar ein realistisches Kraft‐Verformungs‐Diagramm vorhergesagt. Quer zur Lastrichtung aber werden Verformungen durch stark vereinfachende Annahmen ermittelt. In Belastungsrichtung wird der Druckbruch von Beton suggeriert, obwohl das Versagen im Experiment durch Querzugrisse zustande kommt. Dieser Beitrag liefert bisher fehlende Versuchsbeobachtungen, um die grundlegenden Annahmen der Plastizitätstheorie für Beton zu erweitern und zu verbessern. Sie enthalten die erforderlichen mehrfachen Be‐ und Entlastungen und insbesondere Verzerrungen quer zur Hauptbelastungsrichtung werden dokumentiert. Anhand der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden neue Evolutionsgleichungen für das multiaxiale Verhalten von Beton formuliert. Der resultierende Modellansatz ist in der Lage, verschiedene multiaxiale Druckversuche abzubilden, ohne dass eine Anpassung der Modellparameter an die jeweiligen Versuchskurven erforderlich ist.
A biodegradable, mechanically tunable micro‐arc oxidation AZ91D‐based composite implant with calcium phosphate/chitosan coating promotes long‐term bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Liu Tingjiao , Li Yang , Zhang Ying , Zhao Meng , Wen Zhaohui , Zhang Liming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the biodegradable rate and develop the long‐term osteogenic ability of magnesium (Mg) alloy, we prepared a new biodegradable micro arc oxidation AZ91D‐based composite implant with calcium phosphate/chitosan coating (CaP‐CS/MAO/AZ91D) and investigated its mechanical property and long‐term bone tissue regeneration ability.Main Methods and Major ResultsThe results showed that the binding force and bioactivity of CaP‐CS/MAO/AZ91D was better when the ratio of water to ethanol was 4:6 and MAO constant current was 0.1 A cm−2. Compressive strengths of 4:6 sample were more than 1300 N when the soaking time was increased to 21 days. CaP‐CS/MAO/AZ91D extracts promoted differentiation and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (RMSC), which achieved higher proliferation rates over 16 days of culture and exhibited early alkaline phosphatase activity and late bone sialoprotein markers.Conclusions and ImplicationsCaP‐CS/MAO/AZ91D was established to promote RMSC osteogenic differentiation within a proper range for at least 90 days through Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation, which would allow sufficient time for bone healing. Collectively, our findings suggest that the CaP‐CS/MAO/AZ91D coating could not only reduce the corrosion rate and lead to better long‐term biocompatibility but also promote osteogenic mineralization.
Advances in promoter engineering: Novel applications and predefined transcriptional control
Authors: Cazier Andrew P. , Blazeck John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynthetic biology continues to progress by relying on more robust tools for transcriptional control, of which promoters are the most fundamental component. Numerous studies have sought to characterize promoter function, determine principles to guide their engineering, and create promoters with stronger expression or tailored inducible control. In this review, we will summarize promoter architecture and highlight recent advances in the field, focusing on the novel applications of inducible promoter design and engineering towards metabolic engineering and cellular therapeutic development. Additionally, we will highlight how the expansion of new, machine learning techniques for modeling and engineering promoter sequences are enabling more accurate prediction of promoter characteristics.
The influence of carbon performance on the financial debt of listed companies in an emerging economy: Does company size matter?
Authors: Ganda Fortune 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the extent to which the impact of carbon performance on corporate financial debt varies according to company size. The system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and the Fixed Effects Panel Threshold regression models are deployed to consider 107 South African listed companies (CDP South Africa) spanning the period 2014–2018. The GMM outcomes demonstrate that carbon performance is negatively significant to firm financial debt in all the regression equations in the short‐run settings (both with and without interaction terms) and the long‐run setting (except for the ROA regression without interaction term, which is just negative). Moreover, the interaction term, carbon performance × company size is also significant and negatively related to debt in short‐run contexts (except for the ROA regression with an interaction term that is just negative) for all equations. In the long run, the interaction term is also significant and negatively related to debt in all the regressions analysed in this paper. The panel threshold regression framework highlights a threshold level of 7.4268 below (above) which the financial debt of small (large) companies, decreases (increases) when carbon performance increases. Granger causality findings and policy suggestions are also presented.
The Stereoselective Oxidation of para‐Substituted Benzenes by a Cytochrome P450 Biocatalyst
Authors: Chao Rebecca R. , Lau Ian C.‐K. , Coleman Tom , Churchman Luke R. , Child Stella A. , Lee Joel H. Z. , Bruning John B. , De Voss James J. , Bell Stephen G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe serine 244 to aspartate (S244D) variant of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP199A4 was used to expand its substrate range beyond benzoic acids. Substrates, in which the carboxylate group of the benzoic acid moiety is replaced were oxidised with high activity by the S244D mutant (product formation rates >60 nmol.(nmol‐CYP)−1.min−1) and with total turnover numbers of up to 20,000. Ethyl α‐hydroxylation was more rapid than methyl oxidation, styrene epoxidation and S‐oxidation. The S244D mutant catalysed the ethyl hydroxylation, epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions with an excess of one stereoisomer (in some instances up to >98 %). The crystal structure of 4‐methoxybenzoic acid‐bound CYP199A4 S244D showed that the active site architecture and the substrate orientation were similar to that of the WT enzyme. Overall, this work demonstrates that CYP199A4 can catalyse the stereoselective hydroxylation, epoxidation or sulfoxidation of substituted benzene substrates under mild conditions resulting in more sustainable transformations using this heme monooxygenase enzyme.
Nanosilica functionalized to switch from dormant to active for gas migration mitigation in Portland cement
Authors: Boul Peter J. , Shanmugam Sivaprakash , Johnson Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe the development of a nanosilica‐based oil and gas well cement additive which reduces the risk of casing‐casing annulus (CCA) and sustained casing pressure (SCP) through gas migration mitigation. Nanosilicas added to oil and gas well cement have been shown to accelerate cement hydration and reduce the cement porosity and permeability. While these qualities can potentially reduce the risk of zonal isolation loss, there are known rheological effects associated with adding nanosilicas to cements. It is known that cements loaded with nanosilicas produce gels prematurely, which has the deleterious effect of leading to air entrainment in cement and can also effect the pumpability of the cement slurry. This property can also interfere with gas migration mitigation because it is the formation of the gel that reduces the hydrostatic pressure on the formation. This can, in‐turn, allow for fluid from the formation to invade the cement prior to building enough mechanical strength to resist the fluid influx. The nanosilica product described in this article has been developed to display no gelation effect in the cement and a rapid hydration onset. These performance attributes are due to a specialized functionalization or coating on the nanosilica particle. At temperatures equal to or below 120°F (49°C), this functionalization renders the nanosilica inert from the cement until its timed degradation and thus does not interact with the cement phases responsible for the gelation behaviour observed with other commercially available nanosilicas in the process of cement placement.
What is empathy? Oncology patient perspectives on empathic clinician behaviors
Authors: Sanders Justin J. , Dubey Manisha , Hall Judith A. , Catzen Hannah Z. , Blanch‐Hartigan Danielle , Schwartz Rachel 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundOncology patients and physicians value empathy because of its association with improved health outcomes. Common measures of empathy lack consistency and were developed without direct input from patients. Because of their intense engagement with health care systems, oncology patients may have unique perspectives on what behaviors signal empathy in a clinical setting.MethodsAs part of a cross‐sectional study of patient perspectives on clinician empathy at an academic cancer center in the northeastern United States, the authors solicited up to 10 free‐text responses to an open‐ended question about what clinician behaviors define empathy.ResultsThe authors categorized open‐ended responses from 89 oncology patients into 5 categories representing 14 themes. These categories were relationship sensitivity, focus on the whole person, communication, clinician attributes, and institutional resources and care processes. Frequently represented themes, including listening, understanding, and attention to emotions and what matters most, aligned with existing measures of empathy; behaviors that were not well represented among existing measures included qualities of information sharing and other communication elements. Patients also associated clinician demeanor, accessibility, and competence with empathy.ConclusionsOncology patients' perspectives on empathy highlight clinician behaviors and attributes that may help to refine patient experience measures and may be adopted by clinicians and cancer centers to enhance patient care and outcomes. High‐quality communication skills training can promote active listening and paying attention to the whole person. A system‐level focus on delivering empathic care may improve patients' experiences and outcomes.Lay Summary

Oncology patients' responses to an open‐ended question about empathic clinician behavior have revealed insights into a variety of behaviors that are perceived as demonstrative of empathy.

These include behaviors that imply sensitivity to the clinician‐patient relationship, such as listening and understanding and attention to the whole person. Participants valued caring communication and demeanor and clinician accessibility. Perspective taking was not common among answers.

Many existing measures of clinical care quality do not include the behaviors cited by patients as empathic. These results can inform efforts to refine quality measures of empathy‐associated behaviors in clinical practice. Cancer centers can use skills training to improve elements of communication.
Rare cases of medulloblastoma with hypermutation
Authors: Bagchi Aditi , Beddows Ian , Cornelius Albert , Robinson Giles W. , Jewell Scott D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood and is considered a tumor with low mutational burden (~1 Mut/Mb). Therefore, though the medulloblastoma genomes have been extensively characterized in literature, reports on potential hypermutations and underlying mutagenic processes in medulloblastomas are limited.AimIn this report, we studied the landscape of mutational burden in primary and recurrent medulloblastoma. Furthermore, we wanted to understand the differences in underlying mutagenic mechanisms in medulloblastoma with low and high mutational burdens.MethodsFifty‐three primary and recurrent medulloblastoma genomic sequence were downloaded from the European Genome Archive as BAM files. Thirty‐three cases were obtained from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from pathology diagnostic archives of Spectrum Health and Cooperative Human Tissue Network. Somatic mutations were called using Mutect2, following best practices guidelines for Genome Analysis Toolkit V4. Mutational signatures were analyzed using deconstructSigs.ResultsWe identified nine medulloblastoma cases with high mutational burden (>5 Mut/Mb). Of them, five cases met the criteria of hypermutation (>10Mut/Mb), two of the five tumors had canonical mutations in the POLE proof‐reading domain, where a large proportion of mutations in these tumor genomes contributed to signature 10. The hypermutated cases also demonstrated mutational signatures 14, 15, and 21, indicating the role of mis match repair deficiency in their mutagenesis. Of the four known molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma–SHH, WNT, Group 3, and Group 4—both the POLE‐mutated cases belonged to the SHH subgroup. This report identifies rare cases of hypermutation in medulloblastoma driven by defects in DNA repair mechanisms.ConclusionHypermutation in medulloblastoma can impact therapeutic decisions, especially at recurrence in otherwise fatal high risk SHH‐medulloblastomas. A defect in DNA repair leading to SHH ‐medulloblastoma is yet another important mechanism that should be further investigated in the genesis of these tumors. Therefore, this report provides important scientific and clinical rationale for future research looking for incidence of hypermutation in large cohorts of medulloblastoma patients.