bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic and Protective Properties of Ruthenium-Derivatized Bacterial Biofilm on Electrodes and Photoelectrodes
Authors: Seta-Wiaderek Ewelina , Szaniawska Ewelina , Wagner Barbara , Frik Malgorzata , Rutkowska Iwona , Nieckarz Marta , Brzostek Katarzyna , Kulesza Pawel J. 
Published: July 2021

Conversion of carbon dioxide is a process of particular scientific interest in recent years, due to the need to reduce the level of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere by its storage and reduction. Another profit of the CO2 reduction is the possibility of producing useful chemical compounds from such a widespread in the environment source of carbon. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide are optional methods of obtaining fuel materials from CO2. However, because of the molecule stability and by that, high overpotentials of its electroreduction, and moreover because of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction – efficient and selective catalytic systems active in the CO2 conversion process are sought.
There has been proposed a bioelectrocatalytic system for conversion of carbon dioxide, containing bacterial biofilm (of the species Yersinia enterocolitica) at the electrode surface. Biofilms are robust matrices, stable in a wide range of environmental conditions, able to operate at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure, and appear to be attractive for use in electrocatalytic processes. They easily create well developed three-dimensional structures on various types of surfaces, including diverse materials used in the construction of electrodes. Biofilms hydrated matrix allows the electrolyte ions to easily move at the electrocatalytic interface – as a result, biofilms resemble ion-conducting gel-type systems, supporting redox processes. The structure and properties of biofilms make it possible to immobilize catalytically active molecules in the microbial layer grown on the electrode surfaces, and therefore there has been proposed a catalytic system with the organometallic ruthenium (II) complex dispersed in the biological layer, active in the process of carbon dioxide conversion. Ruthenium (II) complex is immobilized in the biofilm matrix by successive modification of the liquid medium (Luria-Bertani medium) for culturing bacteria with a solution of this complex compound. In addition, a biological matrix is used (along with the ruthenium (II) complex molecules dispersed in its layer) as a protective coating, stabilizing the unstable p-type semiconductor – copper (I) oxide. The proposed catalytic system present activity in the photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and stability under experimental conditions.
Chemically Robust Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials for Electroanalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Kung Chung-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Given several advantages of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) including regular porosity, ultrahigh specific surface area, and periodic intra-framework functionality [1], MOFs have been considered as desirable thin-film materials deposited on electrode surfaces for various electrochemical applications including electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, and energy storage [2]. However, the electrically insulating nature and relatively poor chemical stability of most MOFs strongly limit their use in these applications [2-3].
In this presentation, various strategies that render the use of MOF-based thin films for electrochemical sensors and energy storage will be highlighted. The talk will cover several recent examples demonstrated by our research group that can facilitate the use of such porous thin films for electrochemical applications, such as: (1) the synthesis of chemically stable MOFs facilitating charge transport for electroanalysis [4-6], (2) the design of conductive MOF-based nanocomposites for supercapacitors [7], and (3) the pore-confined active species in MOF thin films that can exhibit remarkable electrochemical activity [8-9]. With rational material designs mentioned above, MOF thin films can be considered as advanced platforms for a range of electrochemical applications.
References:
[1] H. Furukawa, K.E. Cordova, M. O’Keeffe, O.M. Yaghi, Science 341 (2013) 1230444.
[2] J.H. Li, Y.S. Wang, Y.C. Chen, C.W. Kung, Appl. Sci. 9 (2019) 2427.
[3] C.W. Kung, S. Goswami, I. Hod, T.C. Wang, J. Duan, O.K. Farha, J.T. Hupp, Acc. Chem. Res. 53 (2020) 1187-1195.
[4] Y.C. Chen, W.H. Chiang, D. Kurniawan, P.C. Yeh, K. Otake, C.W. Kung, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 35319-35326.
[5] C.H. Chuang, J.H. Li, Y.C. Chen, Y.S. Wang, C.W. Kung, J. Phys. Chem. C 124 (2020) 20854-20863.
[6] W.H. Ho, T.Y. Chen, K. Otake, Y.C. Chen, Y.S. Wang, J.H. Li, H.Y. Chen, C.W. Kung, Chem. Commun. 56 (2020) 11763-11766.
[7] Y.S. Wang, J.L. Liao, Y.S. Li, Y.C. Chen, J.H. Li, W.H. Ho, W.H. Chiang, C.W. Kung, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 3 (2020) 1448-1456.
[8] Y.S. Chang, J.H. Li, Y.C. Chen, W.H. Ho, Y.D. Song, C.W. Kung, Electrochim. Acta 347 (2020) 136276.
[9] J.H. Li, Y.C. Chen, Y.S. Wang, W.H. Ho, Y.J. Gu, C.H. Chuang, Y.D. Song, C.W. Kung, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (2020) 6258-6267.

Figure 1
(Invited) Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Efficient Photocatalyst
Authors: Macak Jan M. , Sopha Hanna , Motola Martin , Zazpe Raul , Rodriguez Pereira Jhonatan 
Published: July 2021

The self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest over the past 15 years motivated by their possible range of applications including photocatalysis, solar cells, hydrogen generation and biomedical uses [1,2]. The synthesis of these 1D TiO2 nanotube layers is carried out by a conventional electrochemical anodization of valve Ti metal sheet.
Among other TiO2 nanomaterials, these nanotube layers stand out due to their directionality, tunability of dimensions, ability to absorb significant amount of incident light and the possibility to utilize nanotube interiors and exteriors for decoration-coating of secondary materials.
One of the most significant applications of TiO2 nanomaterials is photocatalysis, which is very effective to decompose various pollutants (e.g. dyes) and kill bacteria [3,4].
The presentation will focus on the utilization of the nanotube layer for photocatalytic removal of various species in the liquid phase [5, 6] as well as gas phase [7]. We will demonstrate the photocatalytic performance of recently developed single-wall TiO2 nanotubes and single-tube TiO2 powders [8]. We will also show that various modifications of nanotube ssecondary materials have a positive influence on photo-electrochemical properties of nanotube layers [9,10]. Experimental details and some recent photocatalytic results will be presented and discussed.
References:
[1] J. M. Macak et al., Curr.
Opin. Solid State Mater.
Sci.,
2007, 1-2, 3.
[2] K. Lee et al., Chem. Rev., 2014, 114, 9385.
[3] K. Rajeshwar et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev.
2008, 9, 171.
[4] Ch. Wei et al., Environ.Sci. Technol.
1994, 28, 934.
[5] J.M. Macak et al., Small, 2007, 3, 300.
[6] H. Sopha et al., Appl. Mater. Today,
2017, 9, 104.
[7] H. Sopha et al., Electrochem. Commun.,
2018, 97, 91.
[8] D. Beketova et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 1553
[9] F. Dvorak et al., Appl. Mater. Today,
2019, 14, 1.
[10] M. Motola et al, Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 23126.
(Invited) N-Doped Carbon-Based Materials: Improved Fundamental Understanding through Comprehensive Characterization
Authors: Pylypenko Svitlana 
Published: July 2021

N-doped carbon materials are used across a wide range of energy applications including fuel cell catalysts, CO2 electroreduction, catalyst supports, and energy storage materials. They are often integrated with metals in the form of either metal nanoparticles or atomically-dispersed sites to tune their performance for specific catalytic reactions. In general, these materials are very heterogeneous, containing a multitude of nitrogen functionalities and therefore, they are intrinsically challenging to understand, requiring a wide range of characterization techniques.
This talk will discuss a family of N-doped catalysts derived from a series of N-doped carbon nanospheres. N-doped nanospheres, produced solvothermally, are synthesized with the ability to control size, shape, concentration of nitrogen dopants, and their nitrogen functionalities. The tunability of these spheres allows for systematic studies that help to identify trends with different N functionalities and densities. Platinum and non-platinum metals were incorporated using various synthetic routes, targeting formation of either metal nanoparticles or atomically-dispersed species. Understanding the surface and bulk chemistry of these materials is essential for elucidating the effects of nitrogen dopants on nucleation and stability of metals across the periodic table. Trends observed experimentally will be compared with metal adsorption computations with the goal of extending beyond experimental data to make predictions for more efficient catalyst development. Within a catalyst layer, the surface chemistry also affects interactions with ionomer, and both the nature of the metal and its morphology, as well as the functionality of nitrogen impacts these interactions.
Deuterium-Grown Highly-Oriented Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Dettlaff Anna , Sobaszek Michał , Klimczuk Tomasz , Bogdanowicz Robert 
Published: July 2021

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) have attracted increasing attention as a material for electrochemical sensors and biosensors due to its remarkable properties such as its chemical inertness, wide electrochemical potential window, low background current and biocompatibility. Diamond layers are synthesized mainly from a gas phase consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and a dopant source by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (MPACVD). The gas composition during the growth of diamond film has a significant influence on its surface morphology, crystallographic structure, dopant concentration, and superficial non-diamond carbon phases. Thus, the growth conditions of the diamond layer affect the electrochemical properties of the material.
Herein we demonstrate the electrochemical and physicochemical studies of as-grown boron-doped diamond thin-film electrodes, synthesized in a deuterium-rich plasma (BDDD). It is the first report concerning the study of the effect of replacing hydrogen by deuterium during BDD growth. The substitution of hydrogen to deuterium in the gas phase is primarily responsible for the enhanced boron doping and significantly decrease of nondiamond sp2
phase in diamond films. Moreover, the crystallographic structure of BDDD layer is dominated by the (111) configuration while the texture of the BDDH electrode film is oriented along the (220) direction [1].
The proposed boron-doped diamonds synthesized in the deuterium-rich plasma electrodes were revealed to have a higher activity towards [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ redox mediators than BDD electrode grown in hydrogen-rich plasma (BDDH). The peak-to-peak separation recorded on BDDD electrode reaches 60.6 mV, and 59.8 mV in [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ redox couples, respectively. Moreover, in Ru(NH3)6
2+/3+ solution, the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant k°
app
for the BDDD was equal to 5.84·10-3 cm s-1. The BDDD and BDDH electrodes were also used as an electrochemical sensor for the paracetamol detection. BDDD electrode exhibits better sensing performance towards PCM comparing to BDDH electrode. The value of limit of detectionfor the BDDD electrode was 765 nM, whereas for the BDDH was 2510 nM. The better electrocatalytic behavior of the BDDD electrodes may result from the higher amount of electroactive zones on deuterium-terminated diamond strictly related to (111) crystal facets.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre [2020/01/0/ST7/00104]. The DS funds of the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics of the Gdansk University of Technology are also acknowledged.
Reference:
[1] A. Dettlaff et al., Carbon [In press]. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.096.
Morphological Evolution of Bistable Copper Electrodeposition during Potentiodynamic and Galvanodynamic Measurements on Microelectrodes
Authors: Braun Trevor Michael , Josell Daniel , Moffat Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Copper electrodeposition from an electrolyte containing a polyether suppressor and chloride exhibits bistable behavior characteristic of s-shaped negative differential (S-NDR) critical systems. The polyether and chloride form a co-adsorbed adlayer on the electrode that inhibits copper electrodeposition by sterically blocking cupric ion from accessing the interface. At sufficiently negative overpotentials, the adlayer is disrupted and copper electrodeposition occurs freely. In cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements this behavior manifests as large hysteretic windows. The current response is negligible during the forward sweep until potential-dependent breakdown of the suppressor-halide adlayer occurs. The return sweep exhibits elevated current levels until the blocking layer is reformed at potentials 100s of millivolts more positive than the breakdown potential. When operating at a potential within the hysteretic window, and in an electrochemical configuration with sufficient ohmic resistance, copper electrodeposition exhibits bistable, passive – active deposition on the electrode surface. On macroscale planar electrodes this manifests as random Turing patterns whereas on topographically engineered electrodes, common in electronics manufacturing applications, deposition is localized to the most recessed regions of the interface and progresses in a bottom-up manner.
The inversion associated with NDR behavior is only apparent in CV measurements after post-experimental correction for the iR-drop in the electrochemical cell. Thus, linear or cyclic galvanodynamic sweeps (GDS) offer an alternative measurement method to capture the overpotential inversion associated with critical systems. Electroanalytical measurements on microelectrodes further offer an avenue for exploring systems without significant iR-drop in solution. In this work, CV and GDS measurements on microdisk electrodes are used to explore the influence of additive (suppressor and chloride) concentration on critical behavior during copper electrodeposition. Further, in-situ optical microscopy during electroanalytical measurements is used to correlate characteristics of global potential/current responses to observations of copper growth dynamics. Continuum simulations capture key characteristics, such as hysteresis and overpotential inversion, of CV and GDS measurements as well as the different deposit growth profiles observed for potentiodynamic versus galvanodynamic operating modes.
Spatiotemporal Organization in a Reaction-Diffusion Model for Alloy Electrodeposition
Authors: Lacitignola Deborah , Bozzini Benedetto , Sgura Ivonne 
Published: July 2021

Alloy electrodeposition processes have been experimentally shown to exhibit electrokinetic instability that can lead to compositional heterogeneity in the electrodeposit bulk. Inspired by these experimental evidences we consider the DIB model, a morphochemical reaction-diffusion system introduced in [Bozzini et al., J. Solid State Electr.17, 467–479 (2013)] as a mean of understanding the formation of morphological patterns found in the electrodeposition processes. We discuss its rich spatiotemporal dynamics from both the analytical and numerical points of view, revealing interesting classes of morphogenetic scenarios in good qualitative accordance with experiments. The DIB model can in fact undergo to Turing and Hopf instabilities and classical Turing patterns as well as oscillating Turing patterns can be detected. In the Hopf region, we prove the existence of spiral wave behaviour and observe transition to spatiotemporal chaos via spirals break up. The role of cross-diffusion in pattern formation and selection is also discussed as well as some recent extensions of the model to spherical domains.

References

[1] Bozzini, B., Lacitignola, D., Sgura, I., 2013. Spatio-temporal organization in alloy electrodeposition: a morphochemical mathematical model and its experimental validation. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 17 (2), 467–479.
[2] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Sgura, I., 2015. Spatio-temporal organization in a morphochemical electrodeposition model: Hopf and Turing instabilities and their interplay. European Journal of Applied Mathematics 26 (2), 143–173.
[3] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Sgura, I., 2014. Spatio-temporal organization in a morphochemical electrodeposition model: Analysis and numerical simulation of spiral waves. Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 132, 377–389.
[4] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Frittelli, M., Sgura, I., 2017. Turing pattern formation on the sphere for a morphochemical reaction-diffusion model for electrodeposition. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 48, 484 – 508.
[5] Lacitignola, D., Bozzini, B., Peipmann, R., Sgura, I., 2018. Cross-diffusion effects on a morphochemical model for electrodeposition, Applied Mathematical Modelling 57, 492– 513.
[6] Lacitignola, D., Sgura I., Bozzini, B., Dobrovolska Ts., Krastev I., 2019. Spiral waves on the sphere for an alloy electrodeposition model, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 79, 104930.
(Invited) Hierarchical Defect Engineering for Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials
Authors: Liu Yijin 
Published: July 2021

Electrochemical energy storage materials and devices are often designed to be structurally hierarchical and chemically heterogeneous. They are often populated with defects that not only span a broad range of length scales but also could evolve under the operating conditions. Such a multi-length/temporal-scale structural and chemical complexity has a critical role to play in the functionality.
In this presentation, I will talk about our recent studies in the fields of lithium ion batteries (LIB) and hybrid supercapacitors (HSC). For the LIB, I will present the approach of doping elements with low-solubility into LiCoO2, which improves the cathode stability at a deeply charged state [Nat. Energy 4, 594–603 (2019); Chem 6, 2759-2769 (2020)]. For the HSC, I will show the boost of performance through an electrochemical abuse approach, which induces abundant defects in-situ [Joule 4, 673-687 (2020); Adv. Mater. 2006147 (2020)]. These studies largely benefit from advanced synchrotron characterization techniques, which will be highlighted in this talk.
Effect of Interdigited in the Sensed of Carbon Monoxide Using ZnO Films
Authors: Hernandez Rodríguez Yazmin , García Alejandro Avila , Rubio Gabriel Romero Paredes , Sierra Ramon Peña 
Published: July 2021

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is colorless, odorless and highly toxic. Natural sources account for 40% of the CO in the environment while 40% is the result of human activities. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels and exhaust emission [1]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) that has been widely used for gas sensors along many years because of their chemical response to different adsorbed gases, high chemical stability, amenability to doping, non-toxicity, affordability, and relative fabrication simplicity. It has a wide range of electronic, chemical, and physical characteristics and has become a well-known material for commercial sensors because of the sensitivity of its properties under variations of its chemical environment [2,3]. In the present work we use ZnO films for sensing carbon monoxide with the resistive method. The ZnO films were deposited by a sputtering system using radiofrequency (RF), upon substrates of (001) p-type,1.5 x 1.5 cm2 sized silicon. The substrates were washed with a conventional RCA cleaning procedure. ZnO was deposited on the substrate for 45 minutes, obtaining a thickness of approximately 150 nm, under a pressure of 7.1 mTorr, a power of 125 W and an Ar flow of 10%, the blank of ZnO has purity of 99.99%, the deposit was made at room temperature. After the deposition, the metallic interdigitated electrodes were defined by using lithography. Designed electrodes have different distances between the fingers namely: 200, 400 and 800 microns. Also, different metals were used: 50 nm thick aluminum, 25 nm thick gold and 25 nm/50 nm thick gold /aluminum layers.
The gas detection properties were evaluated by measuring the changes of the resistance of the sensing structure under air and CO gas. Results for ZnO structures using two different contact metals. The best response to different concentrations of CO was found with the use of Al as the metallic contact, the difference being greater at high concentrations of CO, and at a relatively low measuring temperature of 240 °C with respect to the other two metal contacts. As expected, the films with a distance between fingers of 800 micros in the interdigitate electrodes were those that presented the greatest response to the gas of interest, this because the surface exposed to gas was larger with respect to the other two designs.
References
[1] Wright J 2002 Chronic and occult carbon monoxide poisoning: we don´t know what we´re missing Emerg Med J 19 386-390.
[2] S. Ghanem, A. Telia, C. Boukaous, M.S. Aida, Humidity sensor characteristics based on ZnO nanostructure grown by sol-gel method Int, J. Nanotechnol. 12(2015) 697–707.
[3] D. Zhu, T. Hu, Y. Zhao, W. Zang, L. Xing, X. Xue, High-performance self-powered/active humidity sensing of Fe-doped ZnO nano array nanogenerator, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 213 (2015) 382.
[4] X. Liu, S. Cheng, H. Liu, S. Hu, D. Zhang, H. Ning, A survey on gas sensing technology, Sensors 12 (2012) 9635.