bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide by hanging: A scoping review
Authors: Sabrinskas Rachael , Hamilton Bridget , Daniel Catherine , Oliffe John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSuicide by hanging is increasing in many countries around the world and whilst efforts are being made to influence the prevention agenda to reduce the incidence, little is known regarding the contributing factors for choosing this method. The purpose of this scoping review is to summate understandings about how the epidemiology and prevention of suicide by hanging is recognised, described, and discussed in the literature, and critically appraise the extent to which the lived‐experiences of survivors of suicide attempts are included. A scoping review was conducted implementing the appropriate framework and in accord with the PRIMSA‐ScR extension. Three databases (CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were searched along with the reference lists of eligible sources in January and February 2021. Thirty‐six articles with a primary focus on hanging as a method of suicide and/or its prevention are included in this review, with brief thematic analysis used to summarise the featured studies. Three distinct themes emerging from the literature include: (i) Hanging suicide deaths in the community environment or person’s usual place of residence, (ii) Hanging suicide deaths in controlled environments (including police cells, prisons, and inpatient units), and (iii) Medical management of near‐lethal hangings. This review highlights the necessity for improving education and policy regarding the controlled environments frequently associated with hanging suicides and the medical management of near‐lethal hangings, as well as the ongoing need for policy to guide and govern the responsible media portrayal of known suicides as well as fictional hangings. Finally, this review highlights the necessity for including those with lived‐experiences of a suicide attempt by hanging to advance the current prevention agenda.
Role of age and birth month in infants hospitalized with RSV‐confirmed disease in the Valencia Region, Spain
Authors: Mira‐Iglesias Ainara , Demont Clarisse , López‐Labrador F. Xavier , Mengual‐Chuliá Beatriz , García‐Rubio Javier , Carballido‐Fernández Mario , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Mollar‐Maseres Juan , Schwarz‐Chavarri Germán , Puig‐Barberà Joan , Díez‐Domingo Javier ,   for the Valencia Hospital Network for the Study of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRSV is the leading cause of hospital admissions in infants and the principal cause of bronchiolitis in young children. There is a lack of granular data on RSV‐associated hospitalization per season using laboratory confirmed results. Our current study addresses this issue and intends to fill this gap.MethodsThe study was conducted from 2014 through 2018, in 4 to 10 hospitals in the Valencia Region, Spain. Infants included in this study were admitted in hospital through the Emergency Department with a respiratory complaint and tested by RT‐PCR for RSV in a central laboratory.ResultsIncidence rates of RSV‐associated hospitalization varied by season and hospital. Overall, the highest incidence rates were observed in 2017/2018. RSV‐associated hospitalization was highest in infants below 3 months of age and in those born before or at the beginning of the RSV season. Almost 54% of total infants hospitalized with laboratory confirmed RSV were found to be born outside the season, from April to October. The RSV positivity rate by ICD‐10 discharged codes varied by season and age with results from 48% to 57% among LRI (J09‐J22).ConclusionThe study was instrumental in bringing forth the time unpredictability of RSV epidemics, the critical impact of age, and the comparable distribution of RSV‐associated hospitalization in infants born on either side of the RSV season. These data could help in better characterization of the population that drives the healthcare burden and is crucial for the development of future immunization strategies, especially with upcoming vaccines in against RSV.
Internal developmental assets and substance use among Hispanic adolescents. A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Belintxon Maider , Calatrava María , Osorio Alfonso , Balaguer Álvaro , Vidaurreta Marta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the associations between internal assets (planning and decision‐making, interpersonal competence and commitment to learning) and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana use and other drugs).DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted in four countries (Chile, Mexico, Spain and Peru).MethodsAdolescents aged 12–18 self‐completed a multi‐purpose questionnaire between 2016 and 2019. Multiple logistic regressions and structural equation models were performed to analyse the association between internal assets (planning and decision‐making, interpersonal competence, and commitment to learning) and substance use.ResultsThe results indicate that planning and decision‐making and commitment to learning are conducive to the prevention of substance use. On the contrary, interpersonal competence was not associated with substance use.ConclusionThe present study shows that planning and decision‐making and commitment to learning can be relevant factors in explaining substance use during adolescence. Internal assets can be an important aspect to include in health promotion interventions with children, youth and families to prevent substance use. These findings may be useful for researchers, schools, paediatric nurse practitioners, and health professionals in general to design health programs focused on children and adolescents. Furthermore, the Developmental Assets framework has been proved as a suitable frame of reference for paediatric nurse practitioners to assess and develop child and adolescent positive development and design health promotion interventions to prevent substance use.
First evidence of post‐glacial contraction of Alpine endemics: Insights from Berardia subacaulis in the European Alps
Authors: Guerrina Maria , Theodoridis Spyros , Minuto Luigi , Conti Elena , Casazza Gabriele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimLate Quaternary glaciations left an enduring imprint on the distribution of species and their genetic structure. The responses of plants endemic to the Alps can be summarized in three major demographic hypotheses: (i) post‐glacial expansion hypothesis; (ii) post‐glacial contraction hypothesis; and (iii) long‐term stability hypothesis. Here we test these hypotheses and reconstruct the time and extent of demographic responses of an endemic plant to the Late Quaternary climate dynamics.LocationEuropean Alps.TaxonBerardia subacaulis Vill. (Asteraceae).MethodsWe used species distribution models to estimate the paleodistribution of B. subacaulis (Asteraceae) throughout the last 28 Ky and generated genome‐wide sequences to estimate current patterns of spatial structure of genetic diversity. We tested five demographic models by integrating the results of the two independent approaches in an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework.ResultsThe species has weak genetic differentiation among populations, with two main genetic groups. Species distribution models showed a reduction in potentially suitable areas for B. subacaulis during the post‐glacial climate warming and demographic models identified a recent split (2.46 Kya) between the two genetic groups and they slightly supported the post glacial contraction hypothesis.Main conclusionsTaken together, our results support the post‐glacial contraction of an endemic plant, differing from the main pattern observed for endemics species in the European Alps during the Late Quaternary. The different pattern observed in B. subacaulis might be due to several factors, including the less severe effects of glaciations and the environmental heterogeneity of the South Western Alps, combined with some features of the species (i.e. poor dispersal ability, slow growth and microhabitat preferences). Future research in areas where the ice cover was less extensive will contribute to a more complete understanding of the role of climatic changes in shaping the endemics of the European Alps.
The impact of functional interdependencies of computer simulations on collaborative learning: Evidence from multiple sources
Authors: Liu Chen‐Chung , Lin Tsun‐Wei , Cheng Chia‐Hui , Wen Cai‐Ting , Chang Ming‐Hua , Fan Chiang Shih‐Hsun , Tsai Meng‐Jung , Lin Hung‐Ming , Hwang Fu‐Kwun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollaborative computer simulations are available on some online platforms which support students at distributed locations to synchronously collaborate on the simulations to learn sciences. However, how students collaborate with each other in collaborative simulations is not clear.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether functional interdependency would influence learning.MethodsTwo collaborative learning models with different functional interdependencies were examined (the synchronous model and the distributed accountability model). Multiple data sources obtained from 64 students were collected and analyzed. We discuss the collaborative learning with two levels of factors: the individual‐level factors (i.e., individual perceptions of teamwork quality, visual attention and learning performance before and after a simulation activity) and the pair‐level factors (i.e., discourse data and joint attention). Given that the pair‐level factors in the collaborative learning environment may affect the individual‐level factors, we further discuss the interactions of the two levels of factors in different collaborative learning models with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis.Results and ConclusionsThe analytical results of the individual‐level factors found participants in the distributed accountability model demonstrated more frequent and longer attention to the learning activity. Furthermore, the results indicated that the two simulation learning activities would enhance the participants' learning performance except in Q2. For the pair‐level factors, the results demonstrated that the participants in the distributed accountability model showed more active discourse segments but similar joint attention patterns in the learning activity. The results of the HLM analysis indicated that the students in the distributed accountability model had to collaborate with their partners through more constructive dialogue, and focused on the same areas of interest to enhance their learning performance, as the complexity of the distributed accountability design was implemented in a simulation learning activity.Major takeawaysWe found that the increase of functional interdependency cannot guarantee students' learning effect in collaborative learning and may hinder the communication that is needed during collaboration. Researcher may need to consider other collaboration tools to enhance the reciprocal reflection.
Perspectives of Doulas of Color on their Role in Alleviating Racial Disparities in Birth Outcomes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kathawa Cosette A. , Arora Kavita Shah , Zielinski Ruth , Low Lisa Kane 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to explore how doulas of color conceptualize both their work and how their racial and ethnic identities influence their work within the context of racial disparities in birth outcomes in the United States.MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with doulas of color who had attended at least 3 births as doulas. Participants were recruited from across the United States. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to derive themes from the transcribed interviews.ResultsInterviews were conducted with 8 doulas of color, ranging in age from 21 to 47 from across the United States. All participants were either current college students or had earned a college degree. Although many of the doulas identified as being of more than one racial or ethnic group, nearly all participants identified closely with being Black or African American first, and their other racial groups second. Four major themes emerged: relationship with the medical system, role of identity in the doulas' work, role of class, and divisions within the natural birth movement.DiscussionThe majority of doulas who participated in this study stated that their racial identity strongly influenced their work, particularly when working with women of the same race or ethnicity due to their shared identities. Several participants initially became doulas because of a desire to alleviate disparities in birth outcomes for women of color. This suggests a commitment on the part of the study participants to serving their communities and to bridging the gap between women of color and the health care system. Several participants also noted that they feel alienated by both the health care system and the mainstream natural birth community.
Endothelial cell biomarkers in critically ill COVID‐19 patients with encephalitis
Authors: Altmayer Victor , Ziveri Jason , Frère Corinne , Salem Joe‐Elie , Weiss Nicolas , Cao Albert , Marois Clémence , Rohaut Benjamin , Demeret Sophie , Bourdoulous Sandrine , Le Guennec Loic 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is associated with encephalitis in critically ill patients and endothelial dysfunction seems to contribute to this life‐threatening complication. Our objective was to determine the hallmark of endothelial activation in COVID‐19‐related encephalitis. In an observational study in intensive care unit (ICU), we compared vascular biomarkers of critically ill COVID‐19 patients with or without encephalitis. To be classified in the encephalitis group, patients had to have new onset of central neurologic symptom, and pathological findings on either brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or electroencephalogram (EEG). Among the 32 critically ill COVID‐19 consecutive patients, 21 were categorized in the control group and 11 in the encephalitis group. Encephalitis patients had a longer ICU stay than control patients (median length [25th–75th percentile] of 52 [16–79] vs. 20.5 [11–44] days, respectively, p = 0.04). Nine‐month overall follow‐up mortality reached 21% (7/32 patients), with mortality rates in the encephalitis group and the control group of 27% and 19%, respectively. Encephalitis was associated with significant higher release of soluble endothelial activation markers (sE‐selectin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6, placental growth factor, and thrombomodulin), but these increases were correlated with TNF‐α plasmatic levels. The hypoxia‐inducible protein angiopoietin‐like 4 (ANGPTL4) was at significantly higher levels in encephalitis patients compared to control patients (p = 0.0099), and in contrary to the other increased factors, was not correlated with TNF‐α levels (r = 0.2832, p = 0.1163). Our findings suggest that COVID‐19‐related encephalitis is a cytokine‐associated acute brain dysfunction. ANGPTL4 was the only elevated marker found in encephalitis patients, which was not correlated with systemic inflammation, suggesting that ANGPTL4 might be a relevant factor to predict encephalitis in critically ill COVID‐19 patients.
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Mixed methods systematic review: Factors influencing research activity among nurses in clinical practice
Authors: Morrison Lindy , Johnston Bridget , Cooper Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify, evaluate and summarise current evidence in relation to the factors that influence the conducting of research by nurses in clinical practice.DesignThis study used mixed methods systematic review.Data sourcesCINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and ASSIA, with dates limited from 2015 to 2020, were used to conduct a systematic search of the literature.Review methodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute approach was followed, with results reported according to the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The associated checklist for systematic reviews was also used. A standardised data extraction tool was then used, with quality appraisal guided by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, with a subsequent convergent qualitative synthesis.ResultsSixteen papers were identified for inclusion, nine quantitative, six qualitative and one mixed methods. Four themes were identified: research competence and culture, proactive research mentorship, research resources and making a difference. These were critically discussed in relation to barriers and enablers to the conduct of research by nurses in clinical practice. Commonly cited barriers included a lack of research knowledge, confidence and access to resources, particularly protected time, while enablers such as educational partnerships, identifying research‐motivated clinical nurses and access to research role models were also apparent in the literature.ConclusionsGlobally, nurses in clinical practice are clearly motivated to engage in the research process despite apparent barriers that have a significant impact on productivity. Nevertheless, there are also enablers to building research capacity apparent that offer methodological and structural approaches to empower this group to conduct research.
Statistical modeling and inference in the era of Data Science and Graphical Causal modeling
Authors: Spanos Aris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper discusses four paradigm shifts in statistics since the 1920s with a view to compare their similarities and differences, and evaluate their effectiveness in giving rise to ‘learning from data' about phenomena of interest. The first is Fisher's 1922 recasting of Karl Pearson's descriptive statistics into a model‐based [] statistical induction that dominates current statistics (frequentist and Bayesian). A crucial departure was Fisher's replacing the curve‐fitting perspective guided by goodness‐of‐fit measures with a model‐based perspective guided by the statistical adequacy: the validity of the probabilistic assumptions comprising . Statistical adequacy is pivotal in securing trustworthy evidence since it underwrites the reliability of inference. The second is the nonparametric turn in the 1970s aiming to broaden by replacing its distribution assumption with weaker mathematical conditions relating to the unknown density function underlying . The third is a two‐pronged development initiated in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the 1990s that gave rise to Data Science (DS) and Graphical Causal (GC) modeling. The primary objective of the paper is to compare and evaluate the other competing approaches with a refined/enhanced version of Fisher's model‐based approach in terms of their effectiveness in giving rise to genuine “learning from data;” excellent goodness‐of‐fit/prediction is neither necessary nor sufficient for statistical adequacy, or so it is argued.
Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of an Adolescent Patient with Severe Dental Fluorosis: A Clinical Report
Authors: Hosney Sherif , Ercoli Carlo , Dilbone Deborah , Carranza Maria Gabriela , Chochlidakis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDental fluorosis is a developmental defect affecting amelogenesis. It presents clinically in different forms depending on the concentration, duration, and time of exposure to fluoride. Several therapeutic modalities have been described to manage mild and moderate forms of dental fluorosis; however, limited literature is available on the restorative management of severe forms of dental fluorosis, specifically in young individuals. This clinical report describes a complete prosthodontic rehabilitation of an adolescent patient with severe dental fluorosis affecting his permanent dentition. The patient was treated with a combination of monolithic, minimally‐veneered zirconia crowns and direct composite resins. At the 1‐year follow‐up appointment, there were no complications, and both the patient's oral health and the integrity of the restorations remained stable.
Ethno‐political socialization of young children in societies involved in intractable conflict: The case of Israel
Authors: Nasie Meytal , Reifen Tagar Michal , Bar‐Tal Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the ethno‐political socialization of young children in the context of intractable conflict, drawing on the case of Israeli society. The analysis is based on the integrative developmental‐contextual theory (IDCT), which proposes that in the context of intractable conflict, from a very early age onward, in‐group members acquire a socio‐psychological repertoire that consists of narratives, beliefs, attitudes, and emotions related to the conflict and to the rival group. IDCT highlights three central components that dictate the nature of this socio‐psychological repertoire: children's normative developmental trajectory, the context in which the development takes place, and the ethno‐political socialization that is performed by societal agents. We discuss the interaction between these components in socializing children's socio‐psychological repertoire, and ways to change the course of socialization in the context of intractable conflict towards peace‐oriented socialization.
Analytic versus holistic: Cognitive styles can influence consumer response and behavior toward foods
Authors: Beekman Thadeus L. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile there is a growing body of attention to the diversity of cognitive styles among individuals, that has yet to be directly applied to sensory and consumer sciences. This study was aimed at identifying how divergent analytic and holistic cognitive styles can affect individuals' food‐related experiences. Participants were classified into either analytic or holistic cognitive style groups based on their scores on the Analysis‐Holism Scale. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify group differences with respect to three aspects of food‐related experiences: (a) shopping for, (b) preparing, and (c) consuming food. The results revealed that analytic consumers focused more on individual ingredients, separate meal portions, and singular important food attributes, while holistic consumers focused more on overall impressions, entire meal portions, and multiple food attributes as being important. In conclusion, this study sheds lights on how cognitive styles can modulate consumers' food‐related experiences in everyday life.Practical applicationsPrior analytic–holistic research has highlighted how these two consumer groups can exhibit different processing and interpretations of identical situations. By utilizing psychology theory in the applied setting of sensory evaluation, it has been detailed how analytic and holistic groups that co‐exist in a single population can provide significantly different results in response to food samples in everyday life. Analytic–holistic cognitive styles should therefore be taken into consideration when conducting consumer‐oriented sensory evaluation and product development to achieve better understanding of and predict consumer response and behavior toward food products.