bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adopting open innovation for SMEs and industrial revolution 4.0
Authors: Anshari Muhammad , Almunawar Mohammad Nabil 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Industrial Revolution 4.0 is still evolving. The purpose of this paper is to assess the progress of Indonesia in achieving an initiative for Industry 4.0. As the largest country in Southeast Asia, Indonesia plays a critical role in implementing Industry 4.0. In addition, this study proposes an open innovation strategies for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in facing Industry 4.0, especially in the Indonesian setting. Open innovation is viewed as a long-term innovation model that relies on cross-border commerce between businesses and countries.

Design/methodology/approach
This study undertakes a comprehensive literature review to capture the necessary insights for establishing an early grasp of solution design. A total of 32 sample papers were qualified using a set of selection criteria designed to find the most relevant existing studies in the Industry 4.0 and Indonesia domains. The meta-details as significant discoveries were processed using a content analysis approach. In addition, the research deployed sentiment analysis from text mining to inter-operate and classify (positive, negative and neutral) in-text data using text analysis techniques to identify public sentiment toward Industry 4.0 in Indonesia.

Findings
The key finding is that there is a favorable relationship between digital ecosystem readiness and open innovation adoption for SMEs. While, knowledge management is a critical factor in guiding a country’s successful implementation of the open innovation paradigm. Furthermore, some of the major findings revealed that many initiatives for Industry 4.0 are carried out by the private sectors. In regards to the procedure, the role of government is the protection of market regulations. This could be due to preserving fair competition between corporations and SMEs. Local businesses and SMEs should be protected to ensure their survival. In addition, the major cause of the slow adoption of Industry 4.0 in Indonesia is the lack of digital equipment. This is because of the shortage of digital equipment that can create a digital divide between large and small businesses and between industries in the urban and rural areas.

Research limitations/implications
This study discussed some of the most essential issues of SMEs in adopting open innovation that is required for Industrial Revolution 4.0. It focuses on how digital ecosystem’s readiness influences open innovation adoption for SMEs in Indonesia. By understanding its current state of readiness, it contributes to the policymakers in deciding how and where to adopt open innovation and develop digital ecosystem and identify which ones might best meet their needs for any developing countries.

Originality/value
This paper is useful to academics, practitioners and policymakers in the fields of technology and public policy. The research provides some initial insights into Indonesia and any developing countries on Industry Revolution 4.0 and the needs for SMEs in adopting open innovation.
Compaction behavior of powder bed fusion feedstock for metal and polymer additive manufacturing
Authors: Sillani Francesco , Wagner Dominik , Spurek Marvin Aaron , Haferkamp Lukas , Spierings Adriaan Bernardus , Schmid Manfred , Wegener Konrad 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Powder bed-based additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising family of technologies for industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide a new metrics based on the analysis of the compaction behavior for the evaluation of flowability of AM powders.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a novel qualification methodology based on a camera mounted onto a commercially available tap density meter allowed to assess the compaction behavior of a selection of AM materials, both polymers and metals. This methodology automatizes the reading of the powder height and obtains more information compared to ASTM B527. A novel property is introduced, the “tapping modulus,” which describes the packing speed of a powdered material and is related to a compression/vibration powder flow.

Findings
The compaction behavior was successfully correlated with the dynamic angle of repose for polymers, but interestingly not for metals, shedding more light to the different flow behavior of these materials.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen materials, the results may lack generalizability. For example, the application of this methodology outside of AM would be interesting.

Originality/value
This paper suggests a new methodology for assessing the flowing behavior of AM materials when subjected to compression. The device is inexpensive and easy to implement in a quality assurance environment, being thus interesting for industrial applications.
Experimental investigations into abrasive flow machining (AFM) of 3D printed ABS and PLA parts
Authors: Dixit Nitin , Sharma Varun , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The surface roughness of additively manufactured parts is usually found to be high. This limits their use in industrial and biomedical applications. Therefore, these parts required post-processing to improve their surface quality. The purpose of this study is to finish three-dimensional (3D) printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) parts using abrasive flow machining (AFM).

Design/methodology/approach
A hydrogel-based abrasive media has been developed to finish 3D printed parts. The developed abrasive media has been characterized for its rheology and thermal stability using sweep tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The ABS and PLA cylindrical parts have been prepared using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and finished using AFM. The experiments were designed using Taguchi (L9 OA) method. The effect of process parameters such as extrusion pressure (EP), layer thickness (LT) and abrasive concentration (AC) was investigated on the amount of material removed (MR) and percentage improvement in surface roughness (%ΔRa).

Findings
The developed abrasive media was found to be effective for finishing FDM printed parts using AFM. The microscope images of unfinished and finished showed a significant improvement in surface topography of additively manufactures parts after AFM. The results reveal that AC is the most significant parameter during the finishing of ABS parts. However, EP and AC are the most significant parameters for MR and %ΔRa, respectively, during the finishing of PLA parts.

Practical implications
The FDM technology has applications in the biomedical, electronics, aeronautics and defense sectors. PLA has good biodegradable and biocompatible properties, so widely used in biomedical applications. The ventilator splitters fabricated using FDM have a profile similar to the shape used in the present study.

Research limitations/implications
The present study is focused on finishing FDM printed cylindrical parts using AFM. Future research may be done on the AFM of complex shapes and freeform surfaces printed using different additive manufacturing (AM) techniques.

Originality/value
An abrasive media consists of xanthan gum, locust bean gum and fumed silica has been developed and characterized. An experimental study has been performed by combining printing parameters of FDM and finishing parameters of AFM. A comparative analysis in MR and %ΔRa has been reported between 3D printed ABS and PLA parts.
Casting of complex structures in aluminum using gypsum molds produced via binder jetting
Authors: Giorleo Luca , Bonaventi Michele 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of present paper is to enlarge the knowledge about the performance of gypsum powder to realize complex molds or cores for aluminum casting.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was divided into two activities: simple; and complex-part production capability. In the simple-part step, the performance of gypsum powder and the minimum mold thickness that would withstand the casting process. In the complex-part step, the authors first investigated the powder removability as a function of geometry complexity and then binder jetting performance was evaluated for the case of lattice-structure fabrication.

Findings
All the geometries tested withstand the casting process demonstrating the benefits in terms of complexity part design; however, the process suffers of all the typical defect of casting as misrun, porosity and cold shut.

Originality/value
The results found in this research improve the benefits related to additive manufacturing application in industrial environment and in particular to the binder jetting technology and the rapid casting approach.
A comparative analysis of the compression characteristics of a thermoplastic polyurethane 3D printed in four infill patterns for comfort applications
Authors: Nace Susan Erica , Tiernan John , Holland Donal , Ni Annaidh Aisling 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Most support surfaces in comfort applications and sporting equipment are made from pressure-relieving foam such as viscoelastic polyurethane. However, for some users, foam is not the best material as it acts as a thermal insulator and it may not offer adequate postural support. The additive manufacturing of such surfaces and equipment may alleviate these issues, but material and design investigation is needed to optimize the printing parameters for use in pressure relief applications. This study aims to assess the ability of an additive manufactured flexible polymer to perform similarly to a viscoelastic foam for use in comfort applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Three-dimensional (3D) printed samples of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are tested in uniaxial compression with four different infill patterns and varying infill percentage. The behaviours of the samples are compared to a viscoelastic polyurethane foam used in various comfort applications.

Findings
Results indicate that TPU experiences an increase in strength with an increasing infill percentage. Findings from the study suggest that infill pattern impacts the compressive response of 3D printed material, with two-dimensional patterns inducing an elasto-plastic buckling of the cell walls in TPU depending on infill percentage. Such buckling may not be a beneficial property for comfort applications. Based on the results, the authors suggest printing from TPU with a low-density 3D infill, such as 5% gyroid.

Originality/value
Several common infill patterns are characterised in compression in this work, suggesting the importance of infill choices when 3D printing end-use products and design for manufacturing.
What is unmanaged forest and how does it sustain biodiversity in landscapes with a long history of intensive forestry?
Authors: Bruun Hans Henrik , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A recent paper by Schall et al. (2020) concluded that beech forests managed in even‐aged (EA) rotation systems were more efficient than unmanaged (UNM) forest and forest managed in uneven‐aged (UEA) selective cutting systems in supporting landscape‐scale biodiversity in Germany.

The authors based their conclusion on a comprehensive multitaxon survey and a promising resampling model for assessing gamma diversity at landscape scale. Here, we challenge their conclusions and evaluate the importance of UNM forests for conservation of forest biodiversity.

The average amount of dead wood reported from EA stands (27.8 m3/ha) was almost 30% higher than reported from UNM stands (21.6 m3/ha) in the study. Averages from long UNM temperate forests in Europe are typically six to seven times higher (131–157 m3/ha). We therefore conclude the UNM studied stands to reflect legacies of former management, and to be poorly representative of UNM forests. Data from our own studies, including long UNM beech stands in Denmark, demonstrate how this shortcoming seriously undermines the general validity of the presented results to conservation of forest biodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. Preservation and restoration of intact forest ecosystems remains essential to biodiversity conservation. We show that the findings of Schall et al. (2020) do not contradict this important notion. Schall and colleagues identified UEA management systems as potentially inferior to more traditional EA management systems for conserving forest biodiversity at the landscape scale. The paper also provides insight into the limited short‐term conservation value of simply abandoning forest management in intensively managed landscapes. Based on this, we call for discarding the current orthodox view of non‐intervention when new forest reserves are created in temperate Europe. Active reinforcement of natural disturbance regimes and active habitat creation may lead to faster recovery of natural stand structure and forest biodiversity.
Intimate genetic relationships and fungicide resistance in multiple strains of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from a plant bulb
Authors: Takahashi Hiroki , Oiki Sayoko , Kusuya Yoko , Urayama Syun‐ichi , Hagiwara Daisuke 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFungal infections are increasingly dangerous because of environmentally dispersed resistance to antifungal drugs. Azoles are commonly used antifungal drugs, but they are also used as fungicides in agriculture, which may enable enrichment of azole‐resistant strains of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment. Understanding of environmental dissemination and enrichment of genetic variation associated with azole resistance in A. fumigatus is required to suppress resistant strains. Here, we focused on eight strains of azole‐resistant A. fumigatus isolated from a single tulip bulb for sale in Japan. This set includes strains with TR34/L98H/T289A/I364V/G448S and TR46/Y121F/T289A/S363P/I364V/G448S mutations in the cyp51A gene, which showed higher tolerance to several azoles than strains harbouring TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation. The strains were typed by microsatellite typing, single nucleotide polymorphism profiles, and mitochondrial and nuclear genome analyses. The strains grouped differently using each typing method, suggesting historical genetic recombination among the strains. Our data also revealed that some strains isolated from the tulip bulb showed tolerance to other classes of fungicides, such as QoI and carbendazim, followed by related amino acid alterations in the target proteins. Considering spatial–temporal factors, plant bulbs are an excellent environmental niche for fungal strains to encounter partners, and to obtain and spread resistance‐associated mutations.
Does preoperative locally applied estrogen treatment facilitate prolapse‐associated symptoms in postmenopausal women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse? A randomised controlled double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, multicentre study
Authors: Marschalek M‐L , Bodner K , Kimberger O , Zehetmayer S , Morgenbesser R , Dietrich W , Obruca C , Husslein H , Umek W , Koelbl H , Bodner‐Adler B 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether locally applied vaginal estrogen affects prolapse‐associated complaints compared with placebo treatment in postmenopausal women prior to surgical prolapse repair.DesignRandomised, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, multicentre study.SettingUrogynaecology unit at the Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital of Tulln.PopulationPostmenopausal women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse and planned surgical prolapse repair.MethodsWomen were randomly assigned local estrogen cream or placebo cream 6 weeks preoperatively.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was differences in subjective prolapse‐associated complaints after 6 weeks of treatment prior to surgery, assessed with the comprehensive German pelvic floor questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included differences in other pelvic floor‐associated complaints (bladder, bowel or sexual function).ResultsOut of 120 women randomised, 103 (86%) remained for the final analysis. After 6 weeks of treatment the prolapse domain score did not differ between the estrogen and the placebo groups (4.4 ± 0.19 versus 4.6 ± 0.19; mean difference, −0.21; 95% CI −0.74 to 0.33; P = 0.445). Multivariate analysis, including only women receiving the intervention, showed that none of the confounding factors modified the response to estradiol.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that preoperative locally applied estrogen does not ameliorate prolapse‐associated symptoms in postmenopausal women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse.Tweetable abstractPreoperative local estrogen does not ameliorate prolapse‐associated symptoms in postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse.
Managerial Optimism and Debt Covenants
Authors: Infuehr Jakob , Laux Volker 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the effects of managerial optimism on the optimal design of debt covenants. We find that managers who are more optimistic about the future success of their investment ideas provide lenders with greater control rights via tighter covenants. This is optimal for optimistic managers even though they understand that tighter covenants increase the probability of covenant violations and lead to excessive lender intervention. The broad reason for this result is that optimists wish to write contracts that repay lenders more frequently in bad states rather than in good states, and the only way to achieve this is by granting lenders more control rights. Our model generates new predictions and offers a novel explanation for the empirical evidence that covenants in debt contracts are set very tightly and are often violated.
Chances and limitations when uncovering essential and non‐essential genes of Bacillus subtilis phages with CRISPR‐Cas9
Authors: Kohm Katharina , Basu Syamantak , Nawaz Muhammad M. , Hertel Robert 
Published: August 2021

SummaryVirulent bacterial viruses, also known as phages or bacteriophages, are considered as a potential option to fight antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. However, their biology is still poorly understood, and only a fraction of phage genes is assigned with a function. To enable the first classification, we explored new options to test phage genes for their requirement on viral replication. As a model, we used the smallest known Bacillus subtilis phage Goe1, and the Cas9‐based mutagenesis vector pRH030 as a genetic tool. All phage genes were specifically disrupted, and individual survival rates and mutant genotypes were investigated. Surviving phages relied on the genome integrity through host intrinsic non‐homologues end joining system or a natural alteration of the Cas9 target sequence. Quantification of phage survivors and verifying the underlying genetic situation enables the classification of genes in essential or non‐essential sets for viral replication. We also observed structural genes to hold more natural mutations than genes of the genome replication machinery.
Novel genetic characteristics in low‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Zhang Shuyang , Yin Huihui , Zhang Jing , Yang Lu , Yang Guangjian , Jia Jia , Jiao Yuchen , Ying Jianming , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (L‐FLAC) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with undetermined histological features and genetic abnormalities. In this study, we attempted to investigate the pathological characteristics and genomic profiles of L‐FLAC.MethodsAmong 9839 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma resected at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between January 2011 and June 2016, three cases diagnosed with L‐FLAC were selected. An immunohistochemical profile and whole exome sequencing (WES) using tumor and normal tissues was conducted. The last follow‐up date of patients was January 2021.ResultsThree cases diagnosed with L‐FLAC were finally screened, suggesting a percentage of 0.03%. All three patients were male and diagnosed as stage I following radical lobectomy. The missense variant was found to be the major gene mutation type using WES. CTNNB1 and DICER1 were the two most frequent gene mutations. All cases demonstrated positive TTF‐1 expression. In addition, two patients showed positive expression of β‐catenin (nuclear/cytoplasmic expression), CgA and Sny. Negative expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells was observed in all three cases. One case with a relatively high tumor mutation burden (TMB) (2.18 mut/Mb) had an inferior overall survival of 11.5 months. However, the other two cases with a lower TMB (0.12 and 0.74 mut/Mb) still acquired disease‐free status up to the last follow‐up date.ConclusionsL‐FLAC has a specific molecular background which is different from lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, gene heterogeneity was found and might be the reason for a dramatically different prognosis in these L‐FLAC patients.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity from 5 to 19 years of age in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Bygdell Maria , Célind Jimmy , Lilja Lina , Martikainen Jari , Simonson Lena , Sjögren Lovisa , Ohlsson Claes , Kindblom Jenny M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to present prevalence data for overweight and obesity across school age in a large, recent, population‐based cohort of children in Gothenburg, Sweden.MethodsWe included 66,807 children (48.5% girls) aged 5–18.9 years who had their height and weight measured in school health care 2015–2018. The BMI values were categorised according to the age‐dependent cut‐offs for overweight and obesity from the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF).ResultsOverall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity for girls and boys was 18.1% and 18.0%, respectively. We observed increasing proportions of overweight (girls 11.5–17.1% and boys 8.4–17.4%) and obesity (girls 3.0–4.2% and boys 2.7–6.1%) with increasing age (p < 0.001 for trend in both sexes). Moreover, girls had higher prevalence of overweight during ages 5.0 to 8.9 years compared with boys (p < 0.001), while boys had higher prevalence of obesity 15.0–18.9 years compared with girls (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrate increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity across the entire school age range, as well as differences in prevalences between boys and girls, in a population‐based sample of 67,000 children in Gothenburg city, Sweden. Continuous monitoring of schoolchildren, together with effective preventive measures, is crucial to curb the obesity epidemic and its consequences.
Parental dietary arachidonic acid altered serum fatty acid profile, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Wang Xiaoming , Liu Yating , Dong Xinyang , Zou Xiaoting 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary arachidonic acid on serum fatty acid profile, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in pigeon squabs by supplementing arachidonic acid in their parental diets. A completely randomized design was conducted consisting of control group, 0.05% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, 0.1% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, and 0.2% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group. Six randomly selected squabs from each group were sampled on Day 21 post‐hatch. Results indicated that moderate level (0.05%) of arachidonic acid in parental diets for pigeon squabs improved lipid metabolism via regulation on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition and tended to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in the premise of negligible damage to antioxidant status. Unfortunately, excessive parental supplementation of dietary arachidonic acid might be harmful to squab health. The regulatory effects of arachidonic acid were sensitive to the arachidonic acid doses. In conclusion, parental dietary arachidonic acid at 0.05% could be beneficial for squabs to maintain health as reflective aspects in ameliorative serum lipid profile, fatty acid composition, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation.