bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of the Short and Long-Term Outcomes Between Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy and Open Total Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Cui Hao , Zhang Ke-Cheng , Cao Bo , Deng Huan , Chen Run-kai , Xie Tian-yu , Liang Wen-quan , Liu Yi , Wang Ning , Chen Lin , Wei Bo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) combined with surgery is regarded as an effective treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Laparoscopic surgery represents mainstream of minimally invasive surgery. Currently, surgeons focus more on surgical safety and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy after NACT. Thus, we sought to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes between laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) and open total gastrectomy (OTG) after NACT.MethodThis is a mono-institutional retrospective study conducted by Chinese PLA general hospital. After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, we collected clinicopathological data of 140 patients who accepted gastrectomy after NACT from June 2012 to June 2019, including 62 patients in LTG group and 78 patients in OTG group. SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 were used to perform statistical analysis.ResultClinicopathological characteristics between LTG and OTG group showed no significant difference. In 140 patients, 10 patients acquired pCR while 58 patients presented ORR. Mentioning to perioperative outcomes, we found that LTG group had longer operation time(P=0.013), less blood loss（P=0.003）, shorter first flatus days(P＜0.001) and postoperative days（P＜0.001) . Even though LTG spent more surgical cost than OTG (P＜0.001), total hospitalized cost of LTG was less than OTG(P＜0.001). 21 (26.9%) patients in OTG group and 14 (22.6%) patients in LTG group had 30-day postoperative complication, with no significant difference (P=0.295). Long-term follow up demonstrated that 3-year OS rate was 59.3% and 65.7% in LTG and OTG group (HR: 0.690, 95%CI: 0.413~1.152, P=0.151) while 3-year DFS rate was 51.1% and 53.4% in LTG and OTG group respectively (HR: 0.796,95%CI: 0.488~1.300, P=0.357).ConclusionAfter NACT, LTG showed comparable 30-day postoperative morbidity as well as 3-year OS and DFS rate in comparison with OTG. We recommended experienced surgeons select LTG other than OTG for proper AGC patients after NACT.
Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells derived exosomes improve angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model
Authors: Liao Chuanjun , song Shenghan , Li Tan , Zhang Wangde 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective We investigated whether endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived exosomes (EPC-exo) could improve angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model to evaluate whether the EPC-exo may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for lower limb ischemia (LLI).MethodsEPCs were obtained from SD rats using the method of density gradient centrifugation, and identified by DIL-AC-LDL and FITC-UEA-l uptake test and flow cytometry. EPC-exo was isolated and purified from EPCs using ultracentrifugation method, and identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis. Rat chronic hindlimb ischemia model were divided randomly into three groups, the experimental group (n=5) was intramuscularly injected with 30ul EPC-exo through four points in ischemic hindlimb, while the EPC group (n=5) was injected with 30ul EPCs, and the control group (n=5) was injected with 30ul PBS. Laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) was used to assessment blood flow perfusion of rat hindlimb at baseline, 7 day, 28 day after intramuscularly injection. Capillary density of muscle tissue was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis at 28 day. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression change of vascular related genes in endothelial cells (ECs) induced by EPC-exo. ResultsDIL-AC-LDL and FITC-UEA-l uptake test showed that more than 90% of the EPCs were double-positive. Flow cytometry showed that in our cultured EPCs, the positive rates of CD31, CD34, CD133 and VEGFR-2 were 97.8%, 85.3%, 83.2% and 91.3%, respectively, but the positive rate of CD45 was only 1.3%. EPC-exo with a size ranging from 30 to 100 nm and western blot analysis confirmed the presence of exosomes markers, including CD9, CD63 and CD81. Compared with non ischemic limbs, EPC-exo group recovered about 80% of the blood perfusion after 28 days, while the EPC group had a recovery rate of about 60%, and the control group had a recovery rate of about 40% only. Capillary density of muscle tissue in EPC-exo group increased significantly than EPC group and control group. qRT-PCR detected the expression of vascular related genes (VEGFA, VEGFR2, HIF-1a, eNOS, ANG1, ANG2, CXCL-16) increased significantly in EPC-exo group than control group.ConclusionThe study results suggest that transplantation of EPC-exo could significantly improve angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for LLI.
Autologous Platelet Lysate Could Have Role in Enhancing the Fracture Healing in Rabbits
Authors: Meftahpour Vafa , Ghorbani Farzaneh , Ahmadi Majid , Aghebati-Maleki Ali , Fotouhi Ali , Zamani Majid , Maleki Arash , Khakpour Mansour , Aghebati-Maleki leili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although bone substitutes supplemented with platelet derived products are widely used in bone regeneration, the role of Platelet lysate needs to be further elucidate in treatment of bone damages. Accordingly, the aim of this animal study was to evaluate the benefits of autologous PL (APL) in fracture healing. Rabbit APL obtained from freeze-thawed platelet suspension and used for treatment of femoral bone damage in 20 rabbits after surgery procedure. Twenty other rabbits with femoral bone damage were assigned to control group which received Phosphate-buffered saline as therapy. ELISA and real-time PCR used for investigation of the secretion and mRNA expression of IL-1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and TGF‐β cytokines, respectively. The mRNA expression of several other related genes including MMP-3, MMP-13, IGF, FGF, VEGF and PDGF was also evaluated in days 0, 15, 30 and 60 which was higher in APL-treated rabbits than that of controls. However, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines was meaningfully lower than the control group and reduced significantly after two weeks. These observations indicated that factors released from PL and regulation between them could result in bone fracture healing.
Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Cognition Deficits Caused by Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhao Lin , Tang Yi-Fei , Lu Xi , Guo Dan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis and characterized by impaired cognition ability in survivors. Previous studies revealed that environmental enrichment (EE) ameliorated the cognition deficits in different models of brain injury. However, little research exists exploring the effect of EE on SAE. Methods: our present study was designed to determine the possible benefits of EE in ameliorating the cognition deficits following SAE. To examine the benefits of EE, adult male rats with SAE were placed in an enriched environment or standard environment(SE) for 30 days. After the EE or SE housing, the rats were subjected to a behavioral test battery including sensory neglect test (SN), Elevated Plus Maze test (EPM), Open Field test (OF) Morris water maze test (MWM), and Novel Object Recognition test (NOR). Results: Our results showed that SAE-induced the impairment of recognition memory (NOR) and spatial learning and memory (MWM) was significantly inhibited in EE exposed rats. In addition, EE exposure also decreased the SAE-induced anxiety-like behavior (EPM) and increased exploratory activity (OF). However, no difference in locomotion ability was detected between the EE and SE exposed rats. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the positive effect of EE on cognitive impairments after SAE. These results highlight the importance of environmental enrichment to prevent cognitive deficits induced by SAE.
Glutaric Acidemia type 1 with Atypical Acylcarnitine Profile During Newborn Screening
Authors: Lin Yiming , Wang Wenjun , Lin Chunmei , Zheng Zhenzhu , Fu Qingliu , Peng Weilin , Chen Dongmei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1) is a treatable disorder of cerebral organic acid metabolism caused by a defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) gene. There is scarcity of reports of GA1 diagnoses following newborn screening (NBS) in the Chinese population. We assessed the acylcarnitine profiles and genetic characteristics of patients with GA1 identified via NBS.Materials and methods From January 2014 to September 2020, a total of 517,484 newborns screened by tandem mass spectrometry were recruited for this study. Newborns with elevated isovalerylcarnitine (C5DC) levels were recalled, those who tested positive on second screen were referred for confirmatory tests.Results Of 517,484 screened newborns, thirteen patients were diagnosed with GA1, including eleven neonatal GA1 and two maternal GA1 patients. The incidence of GA1 in the Quanzhou region was estimated to be 1 in 47,044 newborns. The initial NBS results showed that all but one of the patients had moderately or markedly increased C5DC levels. The neonatal GA1 patient with low free carnitine (C0) level suggestive of primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) while just the contrary to a typical GA1. Nine neonatal GA1 patients underwent urinary organic acid analyses: eight had elevated GA levels and one was reported in the normal range. Ten distinct GCDH variants were identified, eight were previously reported and two were newly identified. In silico prediction tools and protein modelling analysis suggested that the newly identified variants were potentially pathogenic. The most common variant was c.1244-2A > C, which had an allelic frequency of 54.55% (12/22), followed by c.1261G > A (p.Ala421Thr) (9.09%, 2/22). Conclusions GA1 patients may show only with low C0 levels at the initial screening and recall stages that may be overlooked. Maternal GA1 patients can also be detected during NBS duo to the low C0 levels in their infants. Therefore, PCD should be included in the differential diagnosis for GA1, and multigene panel testing should be performed in newborns with low C0 levels.
Particulate Matter of Different Sizes Associated With Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Outpatient Visits in Children: A Time-Series Analysis in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Liang Zhenyu , Meng Qiong , Yang Qiaohuan , Chen Na , You Chuming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied.
Methods

We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Results

There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines.
Conclusion

Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Glycosyltransferase Gene Family 1 in Quercus Robur L.
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lin Li-Mei , Cheng Wen-Wen , Xin-Song  , Long Yue-Hong ,   Zhao-Bin Xing1
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Glycosyltransferase gene family 1, also known as uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT), is the largest glycosyltransferase family in plants, playing a vital role in their growth and development. In this study, 244 UGT genes with conserved PSPG motifs were identified in the genome of Quercus robur L. The collinearity analysis results showed that tandem repeat was the main way of UGT genes expansion in Q.robur, with 21 groups of 55 tandem repeat genes. UGT genes were divided into 15 subgroups A-P; group K was lost, and the gene structure and conserved domain of the same subgroup were basically the same. Cis-element analysis showed that upstream 2,000 bp promoter sequence of UGT genes contained light response elements, plant hormone response elements, and stress-related cis-elements, which indicated that UGT genes of Q.robur might be regulated by various metabolic pathways. In particular, some UGTs in group L of Q.robur contained a conserved promoter structure. The expression pattern analysis results demonstrated that UGT genes of groups B, D, E, and I were differentially expressed under Tortrix viridana L stress. The expression of UGTs in group E decreased under stress, the expression of group L increased, and that of genes in groups D and B were different. The functions of UGT genes in E and L groups are relatively conservative, and their functions may also conserved among species. The study results have a particular reference value for further research on the function of Q.robur UGT genes.
Effectiveness of polymyxin B hemoperfusion for sepsis depends on the baseline SOFA score: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Fujimori Kenji , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX) aims to prevent septic shock by removing endotoxin from the patient’s blood. However, the relationship between the severity of the patient's organ damage and the efficacy of PMX treatment is not clear.Methods: We analyzed the efficacy of PMX on adult sepsis patients using the propensity score matching method and the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) national inpatient database from April 2018 to March 2020. We stratified the patients into five categories based on their baseline sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and compared the mortality between PMX-treated and non-treated groups in each category. We also compared continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF)-. ventilator- and noradrenaline-free days between the groups.Results: Of 44,177 patients included in the study, 2,191 received PMX. After 1:1 propensity score matching, we created matched cohorts of 2,033 pairs. PMX significantly improved the survival of the patients in the SOFA score categories of 7–9 and 10–12. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the survival rate in SOFA score categories of 0–6, 13–15, and 16–24. In the analysis of organ support-free days, PMX was also effective in the SOFA categories of 7–9 and 10–12, compared to other categories.Conclusion: Analysis of large-scale Japanese inpatient database found that PMX is effective for patients with moderate severity of organ dysfunction with the SOFA score range of 7 to 12. The study provides essential information for the selection of suitable patients for PMX treatment.
Modelling Wave-Particle Duality of Classical Particles and Waves
Authors: Yang Chen , Oyadiji S. Olutunde 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wave-particle duality is the fundamental phenomenon of particles and fields in quantum mechanics. In the past, the trajectory-like (particle-like) behaviour and wave-like behaviour has been considered separately. In this article, a superimposed model is derived to characterise wave-particle duality of classical particles. The superimposed model reflects an invariant mathematical structure (analogous variables and differential equations) from classical mechanics, classical field theories and quantum mechanics. Its analytical solution carries trajectory-like property (phase-independent) and wave-like property (phase-dependent) of particles that is consistent with to Schrodinger’s picture. Subsequently, the presented model is applied to model duality of classical waves in electromagnetism, acoustics and elasticity. The analysis implies the existence of quantum effects of classical waves at macroscopic scale. It predicts quantum picture on energy and momentum exchange between classical particles and waves. As seen in the model, wave-particle duality reflects inherent and indispensable characteristics of classical objects.
Carboxamide Appended Quinoline Moieties as Potential Antiproliferative Agents, Apoptotic Inducers and Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Ammar Yousry A. , Elhagali Gamil A.M. , Abusaif Moustafa S. , Selim Mohamed R. , Zahran Medhat A. , Naser Tamer , Mehany Ahmed B.M. , Fayed Eman A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The targeted approach of protein kinases (PKs), as PKs are the main regulators of cell survival and proliferation, has been a promising strategy for treatments for cancer. Here we analyze the potential of quinoline-carboximide derivatives for four cell lines: MCF-7, CACO, HepG-2 and HCT-116 as anticancer agents. 3e, 4b, 11b and 13d derivatives showed good anti-proliferative activities in comparison to the reference standard Doxorubicin, against the four cell lines tested. They have been chosen for further studies. First of all, the IC50 value surveys were carried out to ensure the protection of our hits and demonstrate that the cytotoxic effect (IC50 > 113 μM) is highly selective on normal human cells (WI-38). Secondly, apoptosis was accomplished by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of BAX and Caspase-3 by these active compounds. Also, the Pim-1 inhibitory activity of the active hybrids was done, which indicate that compound 3e was the most active with percentage of inhibition 82.27% and IC50 equal 0.11 when compaired to SGI-1776 as a reference standered. In addition, the in silico assessment of ADME properties, all of the strongest compounds are orally bioavailable without blood brain barrier penetration.
Association between Household Exposure and Cycle Threshold in COVID-19 Infected Health Care Workers
Authors: Chien Ai , Domeracki Sandra , Guntur Sandeep , Taylor Kristopher , Lu Chuanyi M. , Lampiris Harry , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective. Household COVID-19 contact constitutes a high-risk exposure for health care workers (HCWs). Cycle threshold (Ct) of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction testing provides an estimate of COVID-19 viral load, which can inform clinical and workplace management. We assessed whether Ct values differed between HCWs with and without household exposure. Methods. We analyzed HCW cases whose Ct data could be compared. We defined low Ct at a cut-point approximating a viral load of 4.6x106 copies per ml. Logistic regression tested the association of household exposure and symptoms at diagnosis with a low Ct value. Results. Of 77 HCWs, 20 were household exposures cases and 34 were symptomatic at testing (7 fell were both). Among household exposures, 9 (45%) manifested lower Ct values compared to 14 (25%) of all others. Both household exposure (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.3; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.03–1.6) and symptoms at diagnosis (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.15–1.7) were associated a low Ct value. Discussion. Household exposure in HCWs was associated with lower Ct values, consistent with a higher viral load, supporting the hypothesis that contracting COVID-19 in that manner leads to a greater viral inoculum.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Impact on COVID-19 Patients Immune System, an Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Saraei Raedeh , malekpour kosar , Hazrati Ali , Valizadeh Hamed , Hashemi Behnam , Navashenaq Jamshid Gholizadeh , Roshangar Leila , Yousefi Mehdi , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , kafil hossein samadi , Marofi Faroogh , Ahmadi Majid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current clinical management approaches for COVID-19 patients are generally based on supportive treatment, which mainly includes respiratory support and restricted fluid input, which is currently a subject of much debate. Systemic Inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 may be related to various extrapulmonary comorbidities such as cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation leading to both non-neuronal and neurological consequences in COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with multipotent properties suitable for medical applications that have been reported as potential therapies in the setting of lung diseases. The immunosuppressive properties of MSCs provide a strong rationale to explore their potential beneficial effects on immune events in COVID-19. Multiple in vivo studies have demonstrated the capability of MSCs to prevent inflammatory responses and reduce lung damage. Recently, the use of MSCs in treating COVID-19 disease has improved long-term pulmonary function, but the specific mechanisms by which MSCs inhibit the severe inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 have not been elucidated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work describing the regulatory effects of MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with COVID-19 by measuring the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression and secretion. We also examined the effects on the methylation of genes normally suppressed by DNA methylation in PBMCs. Our result showed that MSCs exerted an immune regulatory function on PBMCs in culture, skewing toward a type-2 response. This occurs by a mechanism consistent with a reduction in inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and IFNγ) protein and mRNA expression levels. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) increased following co-culture with MSCs. Consistent with these findings, the DNA methylation status of these immune genes seemed relevant to their expression pattern, except for GATA3, IL-1β, and IFNγ genes which showed no significant differences in methylation level between PBMCs with and without MSC exposure. Moreover, in co-culture interaction, MSCs modulated the Th1/Th2 cells in PBMCs compared to unstimulated PBMCs. These data demonstrate that MSCs can exert important immunomodulatory functions that affect virus-associated cytokine storms in pulmonary tissue during the severe respiratory stage.