bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monteggia equivalent lesion in children: a narrative review
Authors: Xu Lujie , Ye Wensong , Li Haibing , Xu Jingfang , Zhu Weiwei , Zhen Zhefeng , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMonteggia equivalent lesion represents a group of injury or combined injury patterns that resemble the Monteggia lesion in its presentations and mechanisms. Unlike Monteggia lesions, the equivalent ones, which share vague definitions and mostly occur as sporadic single case reports in the literature, have not been thoroughly reviewed since Bado first proposed the term, especially in the pediatric population. The objective of this review was to elucidate the definition by elaborating on its clinical styles and thus analyzing the mechanism, diagnosis, and management through related literature.Data sourcesBased on the terms of ‘Monteggia equivalent’, ‘radial neck fracture’ and ‘pediatric’, all of the related literature was searched on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engine.ResultsThe advance of the definitions for pediatric Monteggia equivalent lesion (PMEL) was reviewed. The functional roles of the ulnar and the related mechanism theories in this injury were analyzed. The status of the radiocapitellar joint in this injury was emphasized. According to the previous statements, a new classification model was proposed and proper diagnosis and treatment approaches were suggested.ConclusionsPMEL should be defined as an ulnar fracture at any level combined with a proximal radial fracture. According to the status of the radiocapitellar joint, it could be divided into three groups. The occult ulnar bowing and delayed radial head dislocation should be a serious concern of orthopedists. Surgical need is usually warranted. Maintaining the ulnar length and securing the radiocapitellar joint are highly recommended.
Uncovering the fragility of large-scale engineering projects
Authors: Santolini Marc , Ellinas Christos , Nicolaides Christos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEngineering projects are notoriously hard to complete on-time, with project delays often theorised to propagate across interdependent activities. Here, we use a novel dataset consisting of activity networks from 14 diverse, large-scale engineering projects to uncover network properties that impact timely project completion. We provide empirical evidence of perturbation cascades, where perturbations in the delivery of a single activity can impact the delivery of up to 4 activities downstream, leading to large perturbation cascades. We further show that perturbation clustering significantly affects project overall delays. Finally, we find that poorly performing projects have their highest perturbations in high reach nodes, which can lead to largest cascades, while well performing projects have perturbations in low reach nodes, resulting in localised cascades. Altogether, these findings pave the way for a network-science framework that can materially enhance the delivery of large-scale engineering projects.
Accelerating quantum computer developments
Authors: Alberts Garrelt J. N. , Rol M. Adriaan , Last Thorsten , Broer Benno W. , Bultink Cornelis C. , Rijlaarsdam Matthijs S. C. , Van Hauwermeiren Amber E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProduct developmentGiven the recent breakthroughs in quantum technology development in R& D labs all over the world, the perspective of high-tech companies has changed.Productdevelopment is initiated next to the existingresearchandtechnologydevelopment activities.Quantum computer product roadmapConsidering the quantum computer as a product requires standardization and integration of all its building blocks and a mature supply chain that can provide high-quality components and can ensure security of supply. The product development approach puts focus on functionality and performance requirements of the product and uses state-of-the-art technology to build the product. Based on the expected requirements of future products it is possible to outline a product development roadmap.It is expected that a fully functional quantum computer will be available within a decade from now, and will be used by the High Performance Computing (HPC) market, where it will replace (part of) the supercomputers that are currently used for complex calculations and data management. In the short term, a partly functional quantum computer will be available and of interest to the R&D market, which has a need for such a product to expedite their quantum technology developments.ImpaQT projectIn this paper, we present the product development approach and roadmap for quantum computers, based on superconducting circuits as an example. A group of companies in the Dutch quantum ecosystem (Quantum Delta) have joined forces and have started theImpaQTproject. The companies of the ImpaQT consortium form a local supply chain for key components of quantum computers.This paper shows that quantum community has reached the next level of maturity and that the quantum computer as a commercial product looks set to become a reality.
Development of Coconut Milk-Based Spicy Ice Cream as a Nondairy Alternative with Desired Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes
Authors: Perera K. D. S. S. , Perera O. D. A. N. 
Published: July 2021

Spices have been a major influence on Sri Lankan cuisine since times immemorial. Spices are identified as one of the most distinctive ingredients for their indigenous flavor, aroma, and medicinal properties. In this study, coconut milk-based spicy ice cream was developed in compliance with the Sri Lankan standards to introduce a new perception of flavor using spices to the ice cream industry. Although coconut ice cream is commercially available in the local market, spicy flavored coconut ice cream is not yet available. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and white pepper (Piper nigrum) are the spices used in the preparation of the ice cream as they are freely available and used as complementary spices in Sri Lanka. Physicochemical characteristics and sensory attributes of coconut milk-based spicy ice cream were compared with the existing normal coconut ice cream. In preparation of the ice cream, the same ice cream manufacturing process was followed with some modifications. Three different formulas (0.010%, 0.018%, and 0.025%) were developed by changing the percentage of spices added. The 0.018% spice-added sample was selected as the most acceptable ice cream with desired sensory attributes. pH (

6.33
±
0.01

), titratable acidity (

0.33
±
0.05
%

), moisture (

61.86
±
0.33
%

), ash (

0.41
±
0.25
%

), total solids (

38.02
±
0.14
%

), overrun (

66.76
±
1.44
%

), protein (

4.18
±
0.16
%

), and fat content (

11.66
±
0.60
%

) were evaluated as physicochemical properties. Total phenolic content of the ice cream was expressed as

0.093
±
0.002

mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of sample in dry weight (mg/g). DPPH radical scavenging activity was

60.39
±
0.02

mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of sample in dry weight (mg/g), and total antioxidant capacity was expressed as

0.36
±
0.04

mmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g of dry weight. Physicochemical properties of spicy coconut ice cream were more or less similar to that of normal coconut ice cream and in compliance with the Sri Lankan standards. Coconut milk-based spicy ice cream could be introduced to the market as a potential marketable nondairy product with spicy flavor, aroma, and smooth texture.
Genetic Analysis of Functional Rare Germline Variants across Nine Cancer Types from an Electronic Health Record Linked Biobank
Authors: Shivakumar Manu , Miller Jason E. , Dasari Venkata Ramesh , Zhang Yanfei , Lee Ming Ta Michael , Carey David J. , Gogoi Radhika , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Rare variants play an essential role in the etiology of cancer. In this study, we aim to characterize rare germline variants that impact the risk of cancer.

Methods:
We performed a genome-wide rare variant analysis using germline whole exome sequencing (WES) data derived from the Geisinger MyCode initiative to discover cancer predisposition variants. The case–control association analysis was conducted by binning variants in 5,538 patients with cancer and 7,286 matched controls in a discovery set and 1,991 patients with cancer and 2,504 matched controls in a validation set across nine cancer types. Further, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) germline data were used to replicate the findings.

Results:
We identified 133 significant pathway–cancer pairs (85 replicated) and 90 significant gene–cancer pairs (12 replicated). In addition, we identified 18 genes and 3 pathways that were associated with survival outcome across cancers (Bonferroni P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
In this study, we identified potential predisposition genes and pathways based on rare variants in nine cancers.

Impact:
This work adds to the knowledge base and progress being made in precision medicine.
Immunotherapy-Mediated Thyroid Dysfunction: Genetic Risk and Impact on Outcomes with PD-1 Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Luo Jia , Martucci Victoria L. , Quandt Zoe , Groha Stefan , Murray Megan H. , Lovly Christine M. , Rizvi Hira , Egger Jacklynn V. , Plodkowski Andrew J. , Abu-Akeel Mohsen , Schulze Isabell , Merghoub Taha , Cardenas Eduardo , Huntsman Scott , Li Min , Hu Donglei , Gubens Matthew A. , Gusev Alexander , Aldrich Melinda C. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Ziv Elad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Genetic differences in immunity may contribute to toxicity and outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy, but these relationships are poorly understood. We examined the genetics of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAE).

Experimental Design:
In patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with CPIs at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) and Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), we evaluated thyroid irAEs. We typed germline DNA using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and imputed genotypes. Germline SNP imputation was also performed in an independent Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) cohort. We developed and validated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for hypothyroidism in noncancer patients using the UK and VUMC BioVU biobanks. These PRSs were applied to thyroid irAEs and CPI response in patients with NSCLC at MSK, VUMC, and DFCI.

Results:
Among 744 patients at MSK and VUMC, thyroid irAEs occurred in 13% and were associated with improved outcomes [progression-free survival adjusted HR (PFS aHR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.88]. The PRS for hypothyroidism developed from UK Biobank predicted hypothyroidism in the BioVU dataset in noncancer patients [OR per standard deviation (SD) = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.29–1.37; AUROC = 0.6]. The same PRS also predicted development of thyroid irAEs in both independent cohorts of patients treated with CPIs (HR per SD = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08–1.66; AUROC = 0.6). The results were similar in the DFCI cohort. However, PRS for hypothyroidism did not predict CPI benefit.

Conclusions:
Thyroid irAEs were associated with response to anti–PD-1 therapy. Genetic risk for hypothyroidism was associated with risk of developing thyroid irAEs. Additional studies are needed to determine whether other irAEs also have shared genetic risk with known autoimmune disorders and the association with treatment response.
Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With a History of Cancer Treated With Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Chan Yi-Hsin , Chao Tze-Fan , Lee Hsin-Fu , Chen Shao-Wei , Li Pei-Ru , Liu Jia-Rou , Wu Lung-Sheng , Chang Shang-Hung , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Kuo Chi-Tai , See Lai-Chu , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Data on clinical outcomes for nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOACs) and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and cancer are limited, and patients with active cancer were excluded from randomized trials. We investigated the effectiveness and safety for NOACs versus warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation with cancer.

Methods:
In this nationwide retrospective cohort study from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified a total of 6274 and 1681 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation with cancer taking NOACs and warfarin from June 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017, respectively. Propensity score stabilized weighting was used to balance covariates across study groups.

Results:

There were 1031, 1758, 411, and 3074 patients treated with apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, respectively. After propensity score stabilized weighting, NOAC was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50–0.80];
P
=0.0001), major adverse limb events (hazard ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24–0.70];
P
=0.0010), venous thrombosis (hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.23–0.61];
P
<0.0001), and major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56–0.94];
P
=0.0171) compared with warfarin. The outcomes were consistent with either direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) or factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban) use, among patients with stroke history, and among patients with different type of cancer and local, regional, or metastatic stage of cancer (
P
interaction >0.05). When compared with warfarin, NOAC was associated with lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular event, and venous thrombosis in patients aged <75 but not in those aged ≥75 years (
P
interaction <0.05).

Conclusions:
Thromboprophylaxis with NOACs rather than warfarin should be considered for the majority of the atrial fibrillation population with cancer.
Global Reach-Level 3-Hourly River Flood Reanalysis (1980–2019)
Authors: Yang Yuan , Pan Ming , Lin Peirong , Beck Hylke E. , Zeng Zhenzhong , Yamazaki Dai , David Cédric H. , Lu Hui , Yang Kun , Hong Yang , Wood Eric F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBetter understanding and quantification of river floods for very local and “flashy” events calls for modeling capability at fine spatial and temporal scales. However, long-term discharge records with a global coverage suitable for extreme events analysis are still lacking. Here, grounded on recent breakthroughs in global runoff hydrology, river modeling, high-resolution hydrography, and climate reanalysis, we developed a 3-hourly river discharge record globally for 2.94 million river reaches during the 40-yr period of 1980–2019. The underlying modeling chain consists of the VIC land surface model (0.05°, 3-hourly) that is well calibrated and bias corrected and the RAPID routing model (2.94 million river and catchment vectors), with precipitation input from MSWEP and other meteorological fields downscaled from ERA5. Flood events (above 2-yr return) and their characteristics (number, spatial distribution, and seasonality) were extracted and studied. Validations against 3-hourly flow records from 6,000+ gauges in CONUS and daily records from 14,000+ gauges globally show good modeling performance across all flow ranges, good skills in reconstructing flood events (high extremes), and the benefit of (and need for) subdaily modeling. This data record, referred as Global Reach-Level Flood Reanalysis (GRFR), is publicly available at https://www.reachhydro.org/home/records/grfr.
Prolonged grief disorder in DSM-5-TR: Early predictors and longitudinal measurement invariance
Authors: Boelen Paul A , Lenferink Lonneke IM 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision includes prolonged grief disorder as a novel disorder. Prolonged grief disorder can be diagnosed when acute grief stays distressing and disabling, beyond 12 months following bereavement. Evidence indicates that elevated prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the first year of bereavement predict pervasive grief later in time; targeting early elevated grief may potentially prevent symptoms getting chronic. There is limited knowledge about the characteristics of people in the first year of bereavement who have an elevated chance of developing full prolonged grief disorder beyond the 12-month time point. This study examined these characteristics. Methods: We used self-reported data from 306 adults who all completed questions on socio-demographic and loss-related characteristics plus a measure of prolonged grief disorder within the first year of bereavement (Wave 1; time since loss: M = 4.97, SD = 3.13 months) and again 1 year later (Wave 2; time since loss: M = 17.84, SD = 3.38 months). We examined the prevalence rates of probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2), measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms between waves, and associations of socio-demographic and loss-related variables, and Wave 1 prolonged grief disorder with probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2. Results: Regarding prevalence, 10.1% ( n = 31) met criteria for probable prolonged grief disorder (Wave 2). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported longitudinal measurement invariance of prolonged grief disorder symptoms. People meeting criteria at Wave 1 (except the time criterion) had a significantly increased risk of meeting criteria at Wave 2. Variables best predicting probable prolonged grief disorder at Wave 2 were prolonged grief disorder at Wave 1, lower education, loss of a child and loss to unnatural/violent causes (sensitivity = 56.67%, specificity = 98.12%, 93.92% correct classifications). Conclusion: People meeting criteria for prolonged grief disorder (except the time criterion) before the first anniversary of the death are at risk of full-blown prolonged grief disorder beyond this time point, particularly those who have lower education, confronted the death of a child and confronted unnatural/violent loss. Findings may inform advances in preventive bereavement care.
The Causal Relationship Between Foreign Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Commonwealth Independent States
Authors: Yasar Nermin 
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the relationship between external borrowing and economic growth in the Commonwealth Independent States during the period 1995–2018. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is employed to determine the co-integration relationship among the series and then vector error correction model (VECM) is used to analyse the causality between external debt and income. The obtained results suggest that there is a negative long-term unidirectional causal relationship running from external debt to GDP presenting a strong evidence of existence of debt overhang hypothesis. The possible reasons for this unidirectional causal relationship can be explained by poor management of provided financial resources and incomplete governance in economic transition process along with structural rigidities and immature institutions in these countries which, in the long term, resulted in insufficient capital charged to service external debt. The policymakers in these post-Soviet countries should not use foreign loans to capitalise the deficits in the economies; instead, they should be more determined in employing these funds in the areas that will create national value-added production and, thus, future income. JEL Classification: C10, F34, H63
Global Value Chains in India and Their Impact on Gender Wage Disparity
Authors: Deb Kaveri 
Published: July 2021

Trade across countries in the world has assumed a new dimension with the emergence of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs are associated with trade in intermediate parts and components being processed and assembled in multiple countries. The current article analyses the impact of India’s participation in GVCs on the wage gap between male and female workers. Dearth of studies exploring this issue in the Indian context is a motivation for the current research. India’s participation in GVCs is measured by two indicators—domestic value added in intermediate goods as a share of gross exports (DVAXINT) and foreign value-added share of gross exports (FVAX). Both pooled and panel regression analyses based on secondary sources of data suggest that none of the indicators of GVCs have been helpful in improving the relative wages of female workers in India. JEL Codes: C33, F14, F16, F23
Central Public Sector Enterprises in India: A Case of Policy and Perception Conundrum
Authors: Kumar Sharat 
Published: July 2021

The fact that there is a direct relationship between higher investment and higher economic growth is accepted by all. Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs), in this respect, have been vehicles of large-scale investment in the country. A good many of these enterprises are listed on the stock exchanges. Their market capitalisation, however, recorded a significant fall in recent months despite these companies showing good performance on their ‘profit and loss’ accounts. The recent government pronouncements regarding CPSEs are observed to have adversely impacted the market sentiments and consequently their market capitalisation. The article argues that a White Paper on implementation of pending reforms as recommended by the Panel of Experts on Reforms in CPSEs, set up by the Planning Commission earlier, would go a long way in reversing the current trend of fall in market capitalisation of these enterprises.
Influence of bone cement distribution on outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty: a retrospective matched-cohort study
Authors: Mo Ling , Wu Zixian , Liang De , Y Linqiang , Cai Zhuoyan , Huang Jinjing , Lin Shunxin , Cui Jianchao , Zhang Shuncong , Yang Zhidong , Yao Zhensong , Jiang Xiaobing 
Published: July 2021

Objective To evaluate the influence of insufficient bone cement distribution on outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Methods This retrospective matched-cohort study included patients 50–90 years of age who had undergone PVP for single level vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) from February 2015 to December 2018. Insufficient (Group A)/sufficient (Group B) distribution of bone cement in the fracture area was assessed from pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) images. Assessments were before, 3-days post-procedure, and at the last follow-up visit (≥12 months). Result Of the 270 eligible patients, there were 54 matched pairs. On post-operative day 3 and at the last follow-up visit, significantly greater visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were obtained in Group B over Group A, while kyphotic angles (KAs) and vertebral height (VH) loss were significantly larger in Group A compared with Group B. Incidence of asymptomatic cement leakage and re-collapse of cemented vertebrae were also greater in Group A compared with Group B. Conclusions Insufficient cement distribution may relate to less pain relief and result in progressive vertebral collapse and kyphotic deformity post-PVP.