bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Overseas Imported Dengue Fever Cases in Outbreak Provinces of China, 2005-2019
Authors: Lun Xinchang , Wang Yiguan , Zhao Chunchun , Wu Haixia , Zhu Caiying , Ma Delong , Xu Mingfang , Wang Jun , Liu Qiyong , Xu Lei , Meng Fengxia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
(1) Background: Overseas imported dengue fever is an important factor in the local epidemic of dengue fever in mainland China. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent and control the local epidemic of dengue fever in mainland China, the epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial distribution of overseas imported dengue fever cases in provinces where dengue fever is endemic in mainland China are explored. (2) Methods: Through the infectious disease report information management system of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, we sorted out overseas imported dengue fever cases in local outbreaks of dengue fever in mainland China from 2005 to 2019. Using Excel 2016 to sort out the data and draw the epidemic curve and population characteristic distribution of overseas imported cases in each province. Using ArcGIS 10.7 and SaTScan 9.5, we analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution of dengue fever in provinces where dengue fever is outbreak in mainland China. (3) Results: A total of 11407 imported cases, mainly from Southeast Asia, were recorded from 2005 to 2019 in 13 provinces, of which 62.08% were imported into Yunnan and Guangdong provinces. Among the imported cases, there were more males than females, mainly from 21-50 age group. 59.18% of the cases were farmers, businessmen, housework or unemployed. The hot spots were concentrated in parts of Yunnan and Guangdong provinces. Meanwhile,we found the clustered areas were expanding northward. (4) Conclusions: Focus on the publicity and education of dengue fever prevention knowledge among men, 21-50 years old, farmers, business services, housework or unemployed professionals. Further improve the awareness of the prevention and control of imported cases in border areas and economically developed cities. At the same time, the northern region cannot relax its vigilance.
Naloxone and nalmefene absorption delivered by hollow microneedles compared to intramuscular injection
Authors: Papich Mark G. , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Naloxone and nalmefene were administered to seven research Beagle dogs, (mean weight approximately 12 kg) at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg and 0.014 mg/kg for naloxone and nalmefene, respectively. Each dose was administered intramuscularly (IM) with a standard IM injection and with a hollow microneedle device array using needles of 1 mm in length. The IM injection was delivered in the epaxial muscles, and the microneedle injection was delivered in the skin over the shoulder of each dog. Each dog received the same injections in a cross-over design. Following the injection, blood samples were collected for plasma analysis of naloxone and nalmefene by high pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LCMS). The plasma sample concentrations were plotted for observed patterns of absorption and analyzed with non-compartmental pharmacokinetic methods (NCA). The results showed that the injection of naloxone from the microneedle device produced a higher peak concentration (CMAX) by 2.15x compared the IM injection of the same dose, and time to peak concentration (TMAX) was similar. For the nalmefene injection, the peak was not as high (lower CMAX) by 0.94x for the microneedle injection compared to the IM injection of the same dose. The microneedle produced an exposure, measured by area under the curve (AUC)) that was 0.85x and 0.58x as high for naloxone and nalmefene, respectively, than the injection by the IM route. We also observed that although the dose for naloxone was approximately 3x higher for naloxone compared to nalmefene, the mean peak concentration achieved from the naloxone injection was more than 12x higher than the nalmefene injection. These studies were designed to test the feasibility of using the hollow microneedle array as an effective method of naloxone and nalmefene delivery for emergency treatment of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). The results of these studies will form the basis of future studies, using the dog as a model, for development of hollow microneedle microarray devices to deliver opioid antagonists for treatment of OIRD in people.
Transmission dynamics of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Daejeon, South Korea
Authors: Hwang Hari , Lim Jun-Sik , Song Sun-Ah , Achangwa Chiara , Sim Woobeom , Ryu Sukhyun , Kim Giho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is now the predominant variant worldwide. However, its transmission dynamics remain unclear.
Methods
We analyzed all case patients in local clusters and temporal patterns of viral shedding using contact tracing data from 405 cases associated with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 between 22 June and 31 July 2021 in Daejeon, South Korea.
Results
Overall, half of the cases were aged under 19 years, and 20% were asymptomatic at the time of epidemiological investigation. We estimated the mean serial interval as 3.26 days (95% credible interval 2.92, 3.60), and 12% of the transmission occurred before symptom onset of the infector. We identified six clustered outbreaks, and all were associated with indoor facilities. In 23 household contacts, the secondary attack rate was 63% (52/82). We estimated that 15% (95% confidence interval, 13–18%) of cases seeded 80% of all local transmission. Analysis of the nasopharyngeal swab samples identified virus shedding from asymptomatic patients, and the highest viral load was observed two days after symptom onset. The temporal pattern of viral shedding did not differ between children and adults (P = 0.48).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the delta variant is highly transmissible in indoor settings and households. Rapid contact tracing, isolation of the asymptomatic contacts, and strict adherence to public health measures are needed to mitigate the community transmission of the delta variant.
Invasiveness prediction of pure ground glass nodules(≤3cm)
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Zuo Lindan , Liao Zhimin , Zheng Wei , Hu Qi , Pan Lei , Guo Xiongwen , Huang Weijiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Pure ground-glass nodules are considered to be radiologically noninvasive in lung adenocarcinoma. However, some pure ground-glass nodules are found to be invasive adenocarcinoma pathologically. This study aimed to find out the correlation between the clinical imaging features and the degree of invasion of pulmonary pure ground glass nodules (≤ 3cm).
Methods
The clinical data of 886 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery for pulmonary nodules from June 2013 to June 2016 were collected. Among them, 72 patients had complete clinical data and isolated pulmonary ground glass nodule resection, and the diameter of pulmonary ground glass nodule was less than or equal to 3 cm.
Results
A total of 72 eligible patients were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in carcinoembryonic antigen, maximum diameter and area of pure ground glass nodules in patients with pre-invasive lesions and invasive lesions(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were only statistical differences in the maximum diameter of nodule pre-invasive lesions and invasive lesions. The optimal cutoff value for CT-maximal diameter to predict pre-invasive lesions or invasive lesions was 1.08cm.
Conclusion
It is reliable to predict the pathological types of nodules (pre-invasive and invasive) by measuring the maximum diameter of pure ground glass nodules, and the most reliable cut-off value is 1.08cm.
Prediction of micro milling force and surface roughness considering size-dependent vibration of micro-end mill
Authors: Yicong Du , Song Qinghua , Zhanqiang Liu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When the characteristic structure size of the component is at the micron level, the internal crystal grains, grain boundaries and pore defects of the component material with the same size at the micron level cannot be ignored, so the micro-sized component will show different physical properties from the macro-sized component, which is called size effect. Since the tool diameter of micro-end mill is in the micron level, the micro-end mill will also show a significant size effect phenomenon. In addition, in micro milling process, because the surface roughness that affects the performance and service life of micro parts is mainly influenced by the vibration of micro-end mill, in order to enhance the machined surface quality, it is crucial to research the formation mechanism of surface topography in micro milling process. In this paper, a comprehensive method is proposed to predict micro-end mill vibration, micro milling force and surface roughness. At first, a size-dependent dynamic model of micro-end mill is presented based on the strain gradient elasticity theory (SGET). Secondly, considering the feedback of micro-end mill vibration, the micro milling force model is presented and solved through iterative method. Then the machined surface topography is simulated through the actual cutting edge trajectory considering the micro-end mill size-dependent vibration and material elastic recovery. The results show that the vibration of the micro-end mill will increase the micro milling force and surface roughness. In order to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method, experiments are performed, and it is found that the experimental results are consistent with the predicted results.
Meta-analysis of economic evaluation studies: Data Harmonisation and Methodological issues
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Chaikledkaew Usa , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In the context of ever-growing health expenditure and limited resources, economic evaluations aid in making evidence-informed policy decisions. Cost utility analyses (CUA) are often used in this context, but limitations include pairwise contrasts, missing contrasts, and different sources or quality of data.
Results
Synthesis of CUA data from multiple studies is therefore desirable to assist policy makers, but there are many challenging methodological issues including: inconsistent reporting of results using different economic parameters, and multiple sources of heterogeneity including: setting, time horizon, perspective, modelling approaches and assumptions, currency, willingness to pay (WTP) threshold, level of country income, and input parameters. In this paper, we provide a step by step description of the methods for data harmonisation and synthesis of aggregated data from CUA studies, as well as a framework for handling heterogeneity; we demonstrate these methods using the example of agents for type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion
These meta-analytic methods for the synthesis of economic evidence synthesis should be useful for policy makers.
Analysis of Cyber Security In E-Governance Utilizing Blockchain Performance
Authors: Nagaraju Regonda , Shanmugam Selvanayaki Kolandapalayam , Rajeyyagari Sivaram , Pentang Jupeth Toriano , Bala B Kiran , Subburaj Arjun , Nomani M.Z.M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
E-Government refers to the administration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to the procedures and functions of the government with the objective of enhancing the transparency, efficiency and participation of the citizens. E-Government is tough systems that require distribution, protection of privacy and security and collapse of these could result in social and economic costs on a large scale. Many of the available e-government systems like electronic identity system of management (eIDs), websites are established at duplicated databases and servers. An established validation and management system could face a single failure point and the system is prone to Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDoS), denial of service attacks (DoS), malware and other cyber attacks. The execution of a privacy preserving and a secure decentralized system is enabled by the block chain technology. Here any third-party organizations do not have any control over the transactions of the Government. With the help of block chain technology, new and existing data are encapsulated within ledger or blocks, which are evenly distributed through the network in an enduring and sustainable way. The privacy and security of information are improved with the help of block chain technology, where distribution and encryption of data are performed through the total network. This analytical paper maps out the analysis of the security in the e-government system, utilizing the block chain technology that provides privacy and security of information and thereby enhancing the trust among the public sector. Qualitative and theoretical analysis is made for the proposed topic and implications of privacy and security of the proposed system is made.
Exploration and Validation of Metastasis-associated Genes for Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Luan Hong , Jian Linge , He Ye , Zhang Tuo , Su Yanna , Zhou Liping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin cutaneous melanoma is a malignant and highly metastatic skin tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are still rising worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms that promote melanoma metastasis are unclear. Methods: Two datasets (GSE15605 and GSE46517) were retrieved to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 23 normal skin tissues (N), 77 primary melanoma tissues (T) and 85 metastatic melanoma tissues (M). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were performed to explore the functions of the DEGs. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING tool and Cytoscape software. We used the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape to identify the most significant hub genes by five topological analyses (Degree, Bottleneck, MCC, MNC, and EPC). Hub gene expression was validated using the UALCAN website. Clinical relevance was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) resources. Finally, we explored the association between metastasis-associated genes and immune infiltrates through the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and performed drug-gene interaction analysis using the Drug-Gene Interaction database.Results: A total of 294 specific genes were related to melanoma metastasis and were mainly involved in the positive regulation of locomotion, mitotic cell cycle process, and epithelial cell differentiation. Four hub genes (CDK1, FOXM1, KIF11, and RFC4) were identified from the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. CDK1 was significantly upregulated in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma, and high expression of CDK1 was positively correlated with poor prognosis. We found that CDK1 expression correlated positively with the infiltration levels of macrophage cells (Rho = -0.164, P = 2.02e-03) and neutrophil cells (Rho = 0.269, P = 2.72e-07) in SKCM metastasis. In addition, we identified that CDK1 had a close interaction with 10 antitumor drugs. Conclusions: CDK1 was identified as a hub gene involved in the progression of melanoma metastasis and may be regarded as a therapeutic target for melanoma patients to improve prognosis and prevent metastasis in the future.
CvT Fault Diagnosis Method of Manifold Sensitive Modal Matrix Under Variable Speed
Authors: DeChen Hao , Li HuaLing , Huang JinYing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rotating machinery (RM) is one of the most common mechanical equipment in engineering applications and has a broad and vital role. Rotating machinery includes gearboxes, bearing motors, generators, etc. In industrial production, the important position of rotating machinery and its variable speed and complex working conditions lead to unstable vibration characteristics, which have become a research hotspot in mechanical fault diagnosis. Aiming at the multi-classification problem of rotating machinery with variable speed and complex working conditions, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the construction of improved sensitive mode matrix (ISMM), isometric mapping (ISOMAP) and Convolution-Vision Transformer network (CvT) structure. After overlapping and sampling the variable speed signals, a high-dimensional ISMM is constructed, and the ISMM is mapped into the manifold space through ISOMAP manifold learning. This method can extract the fault transient characteristics of the variable speed signal, and the experiment proves that it can solve the problem that the conventional method cannot effectively extract the characteristics of the variable speed data. CvT combines the advantages of self-attention mechanism and convolution in CNN, so the CvT network structure is used for feature extraction and fault recognition and classification. The CvT network structure takes into account both global feature extraction and local feature extraction, which greatly reduces the number of training iterations and the size of the network model. Two data sets (the HFXZ-I planetary gearbox variable speed data set in the laboratory and the bearing variable speed public data set of the University of Ottawa in Canada) are used to experimentally verify the proposed fault diagnosis model. Experimental results show that the proposed fault diagnosis model has good recognition accuracy and robustness.
Incidence of unlicensed and off-label medication prescriptions at the Department of Paediatrics: what has changed after seven years?
Authors: Matalová Petra , Belfínová Lucie , Vrbicová Kristýna , Fürstová Jana , Wawruch Martin , Urbánek Karel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany common drugs have not been registered for use in children. Therefore, they are sometimes prescribed as unlicensed or off-label. This study, performed at the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic, evaluated off-label and unlicensed prescriptions. A similar study, conducted in 2013 by the same authors (P. Matalová – maiden name P. Langerová), showed that the number of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions was relatively low, compared to other studies. The goal of this study was to compare the frequency of off-label and unlicensed drug prescriptions, and to assess whether these prescriptions have declined.MethodsThe study evaluated the incidence of unlicensed and off-label prescriptions at the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc during a period of six months. A total of 10,710 prescriptions for 5,243 children were processed.Results In our previous study, performed from January to June 2012, a total of 8,559 prescriptions for 4,282 children were processed. Off-label and unlicensed prescriptions were found in 9.01% and 1.26% of all prescriptions, respectively. Unlicensed prescriptions were significantly more common in boys (1.5%) than in girls (1.0%). Seven years later, the same study in the same months was performed to ascertain the development in prescribing practice. In the 2019 study, the total number of prescriptions and patients was higher (18.8% vs. 22.2%, respectively) as was the number of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions (11.1% and 1.7%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study shows that the incidence of unlicensed and off-label drug prescriptions is not high, but paediatricians should avoid exposing children to unnecessary risks as well as depriving them of potentially effective pharmacotherapy. The goal was to highlight the need for clinical trials in paediatrics and to determine in which drugs the demand for also being registered for younger children is highest. The number of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions indicates a gap in registration processes and should provide a clue as to which drugs are candidates for having their SPCs changed.
Administration of antenatal corticosteroids for singleton preterm birth in China, 2017 to 2018
Authors: Wang Qing , Jiang Siyuan , Hu Xuefeng , Chen Chao , Cao Yun , Lee Shoo Kim , Liu Jiang-Qin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to women who are at risk of preterm birth has been proven to reduce not only the mortality, but also the major morbidities of the preterm infants. The rate of ACS and the risk factors associated with ACS use in Chinese population is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the rate of ACS use and the associated perinatal factors in the tertiary maternal centers of China.
Methods

Data for this retrospective observational study came from a clinical database of preterm infants established by REIN-EPIQ trial. All infants born at <34 weeks of gestation and admitted to 18 tertiary maternal centers in China from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. Any dose of dexamethasone was given prior to preterm delivery was recorded and the associated perinatal factors were analyzed.
Results

The rate of ACS exposure in this population was 71.2% (range 20.2% – 92%) and the ACS use in these 18 maternal centers varied from 20.2–92.0% in this period. ACS exposure was higher among women with preeclampsia, caesarean section delivery, antibiotic treatment and who delivered infants with lower gestational age and small for gestational age. ACS use was highest in the 28-31 weeks gestational age group, and lowest in the under 26 weeks of gestational age group (x2=65.478, P < 0.001). ACS exposure was associated with lower odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death (OR, 0.778; 95% CI 0.661 to 0.916) and invasive respiration requirement (OR, 0.668; 95% CI 0.585 to 0.762) in this population.
Conclusion

The ACS exposure was variable among maternity hospitals and quality improvement of ACS administration is warranted.
Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in Chinese Lisu population
Authors: Lu Hongyan , Wang Yuliang , Zhang Zhanhao , Xing Shishi , Li Dandan , Wang Li , Jin Tianbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe specificity of drug therapy in individuals and races has promoted the development and improvement of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. While there is a few cognition on the minorities in China, especially in Lisu nationality from the Yunnan Province. Therefore, we performed the research to improve the role of pharmacogenomics in the Lisu population from the Yunnan province of China.Materials and MethodsIn our study, 54 variants of very important pharmacogenes (VIPs) selected from the PharmGKB database were genotyped in 199 unrelated and healthy Lisu adults from the Yunnan province of China, and then, genotyping data wtih χ2 test were analyzed.ResultsWe compared our date with those of other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project, and acquired that the Lisu ethnicity is similar with the CDX(Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China) and CHS(Southern Han Chinese, China). Furthermore, rs776746 (CYP3A5), rs1805123 (KCNH2), rs4291 (ACE), rs1051298 (SLC19A1) and rs1065852 (CYP2D6) were deemed as the most varying loci. The MAF of “G” at rs1805123 (KCNH2) in the Lisu population was the largest with the value of 51.0%.ConclusionsOur results show that there are significant differences in SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) loci, supplementing the pharmacogenomic information of the Lisu population in Yunnan province, China, and can provide a theoretical basis for individualized medication in the future.