bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interspecific Variation in the Timing and Magnitude of Hydraulic Redistribution in a Forest With Distinct Water Sources
Authors: Belovitch Michael , Brantley Steven , Aubrey Doug. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims

Trees regulate water availability among their rooting strata through a nocturnal, passive transference of water known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). This study investigates differences in HR and groundwater use among common canopy species in longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill., Pinaceae) woodlands and explores environmental factors influencing HR.

Methods

HR was estimated by sap flux of lateral roots and main stems of three mature canopy species ( P. palustris , Quercus laevis Walter., Fagaceae and Quercus margarettae Ashe., Fagaceae). We used δ 18 O and δD of xylem water, soil water, and groundwater to determine water source. Finally, we related HR to environmental factors (Temperature, VWC, VPD) to better understand controls of HR dynamics.

Results

Pinus palustris had higher water use than either Quercus species, and also redistributed significantly more water as a nocturnal subsidy. HR fluxes were inversely related with mean daily temperature and independent of shallow soil moisture. Stable isotope mixing models, based on δ 18 O and δD, indicated that all species have access to groundwater, but utilized shallow soil water in differing amounts when available.

Conclusions

In systems with strong water potential gradients among soil strata, any species with access to a groundwater source is likely capable of HR; however, the magnitude of HR varies significantly by species, even among closely related taxa.
Filming movies of attosecond charge migration with high harmonic
spectroscopy
Authors: Lan Pengfei , He Lixin , Sun Siqi , He Yanqing , Wang Bincheng , Wang Pu , Zhu Xiaosong , Li Liang , Cao Wei , Lu Peixiang , Lin Chii-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ultrafast electron migration in molecules is the progenitor of all chemical reactions and biological functions after light-matter interaction [1–4]. Following this ultrafast dynamics, however, has been an enduring endeavor [5, 6]. Recently, it has been shown that high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) is able to probe dynamics with attosecond temporal and sub-angstrom spatial resolution [7–10]. Still, real-time visualization of single-molecule dynamics continues to be a great challenge because experimental harmonic spectra are due to the coherent averages of light emission from individual molecules of different alignments. Here, we show that from high harmonics generated with single-color and two-color probe lasers in a pump-probe experiment, the complex amplitude and phase of harmonics from a single ﬁxed-in-space molecule can be reconstructed using modern machine learning (ML) algorithm. From the complex single-molecule dipoles for different harmonics, we construct a series of ﬁlm clips of hole density distributions of the cation at time steps of 50 attoseconds (1 as=10^{−18} s) to make a classical “movie” of electron migration after tunnel ionization of the molecule. Moreover, the angular dependence of molecular charge migration is fully resolved. By examining these clips, we observed that holes do not just “migrate”
along the laser direction, but they may “swirl” around the atom centers. The ML-based HHS proposed here establishes a general reconstruction scheme for studying ultrafast charge migration in molecules, paving a way for further advance in tracing and controlling photochemical reactions by femtosecond lasers.
Geostatistical strategy to build Spatial Coastal-Flooding Models
Authors: Caprario Jakcemara , Azevedo Larissa Thainá Schmitt , Santana Paula Lidia , Wu Fernando Kit , Uda Patrícia Kazue , Finotti Alexandra Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The intensification of flooding events in urban coastal areas and the management of the extremely vulnerable ecosystems has become a global issue and has been the subject of several studies in recent decades. The combination of statistical modelling techniques and geospatial analysis has gained prominence in integrated management of natural hazards. Combined approach represents a promising strategy to reduce complexity, providing a holistic representation of the system. However, for applying planning and risk management alternatives in urban space of coastal areas, the causal relationships between environmental and anthropogenic factors distribution and the flooding sites have to be well clarified. This article aimed to propose a new strategy to build Spatial Coastal-Flooding Models based on records of flooding points occurred and environmental and anthropogenic characteristics of the area. The strategy was designed to combine simple but robust statistical techniques and relate geospatially data obtained from free and easily accessible online databases. The geostatistical strategy was applied in a coastal city of Brazil, where high environmental vulnerability and constantly flooding are observed. The strategy finds that the relationships between environmental and anthropogenic variables and flooding events are not homogeneous over space. The results indicate that the strategy can be easily replicable and refined through the inclusion of other factors of influence, obtaining good precision in the representation and explanation of the flooding events in coastal areas. In general, the strategy provides information that can support decision-making by government agencies in relation to integrated urban planning and mitigation of flooding risk coastal areas.
Biopolymer Electrolyte Based on Gellan Gum With Magnesium Chloride for Magnesium Battery
Authors: P Buvaneshwari , T Mathavan , S Selvasekarapandian , Krishna M Vengadesh , Naachiyar R Meera , Monisha S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Eco-Friendly, non-toxic and biodegradable natural biopolymer electrolyte, Gellan Gum with Magnesium Chloride has been prepared by solution casting technique. The prepared biopolymer electrolyte has been characterized by XRD, FTIR, DSC and AC impedance analysis techniques. XRD study is used to analyze amorphous nature/crystalline nature of the polymer electrolyte. Complex formation between Gellan Gum and magnesium chloride salt has been studied by FTIR technique. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer electrolytes are obtained by DSC measurement. The highest ionic conductivity 2.91×10− 2 Scm− 1 has been obtained for electrolyte of 1.0 g Gellan Gum with 0.5 M.wt% MgCl2 from AC impedance analysis at room temperature. Transference number 0.97 has been obtained by Wagner’s polarization method for high conducting sample. The Mg2+ cationic transport number 0.35 has been found by Evan’s method for high conducting sample. Magnesium ion conducting battery has been constructed using the high conducting polymer electrolyte. Its open circuit voltage 2.39 V and the battery discharge characteristics are studied.
Transcriptome analysis of flower color reveals the correlation between SNP and differential expression genes in Phalaenopsis
Authors: Ding Yu , Yang Ding-Hai , Wang Ma-Yin , Hao Dai-Cheng , Li Wei-Shi , Ling Peng , Xie Shang-Qian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Phalaenopsis is an important ornamental plant, which occupies an important position in the world flower market and has great economic value due to its rich and diverse flower colors. In order to investigate the flower color formation of Phalaenopsis at transcription level, the flower color formation involved genes were identified from RNA-seq in this study.Results White and purple petals of Phalaenopsis were collected in this study, and results were focused on two aspects: (1) the differential expression genes (DEGs) between white and purple flower color; and (2) association between SNP mutations and DEGs in transcriptome level. Results indicated that a total of 1,175 DEGs were identified, and the up- and down-regulation genes were 718 and 457, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment showed that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway was key responsible for color formation and twelve crucial genes (C4H, CCoAOMT, F3'H, UA3'5'GT, PAL, 4CL, CCR, CAD, CALDH, bglx, SGTase and E1.11.17) from them involved in the regulation of flower color in Phalaenopsis. Conclusion This study firstly reported that the SNP mutations strongly associated with DEGs in color formation at RNA level, and provides a new insight to further investigate the gene expression and its relationship with genetic variants from RNA-seq data in other species.
Nosocomial sepsis and drug susceptibility pattern among patients admitted to adult intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Dawit Tsega Cherkos , Mengesha Reiye Esayas , Ebrahim Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss , Tequare Mengistu Hagazi , Abraha Hiluf Ebuy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: Developing nosocomial sepsis within intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. But information is scarce regarding nosocomial sepsis in Northern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of nosocomial sepsis, associated factors, bacteriological profile, drug susceptibility pattern, and outcome among patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH).Method: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 278 patients admitted for more than 48 hours to adult ICU of ACSH from October 2016 to October 2017. Data were collected from charts, electronic medical records, and microbiology laboratory data registration book using a checklist. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS 25. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.Result: Of all the patients, 60(21.6%) of them acquired nosocomial sepsis. The risk of mortality was about two times higher among those who acquired nosocomial sepsis (RR=2.2; 95% CI of RR=1.3-3.5; p=0.003). The odds of acquiring nosocomial sepsis among those who were on a mechanical ventilator (MV) and stayed more than a week was 5.7 and 9.3 times higher respectively than their corresponding counterparts. Among 48 isolates, Klebsiella was the commonest. The isolated organisms had a broad antibiotic resistance pattern for cephalosporin, penicillin, and methicillin.Conclusion: Mortality due to nosocomial sepsis in adult ICU was higher. Use of MV and longer length of in-hospital stay were significant risk factors for nosocomial sepsis. The isolated organisms were resistant to several antibiotics. Therefore, strict application of infection prevention strategies and appropriate use of antibiotics is so crucial.
Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility of Conditional Economic Incentives and Motivational Interviewing to Improve HIV Health Outcomes of Adolescents Living with HIV in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwunife Obinna Ikechukwu , Ofomata Chinelo Janefrances , Okafor Charles Ebuka , Anetoh Maureen Ugonwa , Kalu Stephen Okorafor , Ele Prince Udegbunam , Eleje George Uchenna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is increasing mortality and morbidity of adolescents due to poor linkage, retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is a result of limited adolescent-centred service delivery interventions. This cost-effectiveness and feasibility study were piggybacked on a cluster-randomized trial that assessed the impact of an adolescent-centred service delivery intervention. The service delivery intervention examined the impact of an incentive scheme consisting of conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing on the health outcomes of adolescents living with HIV in Nigeria. Method: A cost-effectiveness analysis from the healthcare provider’s perspective was performed to assess the cost per additional patient achieving undetected viral load through the proposed intervention. The cost-effectiveness of the incentive scheme over routine care was estimated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as cost/patient who achieved an undetectable viral load. A one-way sensitivity analysis examined the effect of the regimen change to Dolutegravir-based combination (which occurred during the trial) on the ICER. An in-depth interview was conducted on the healthcare personnel in the intervention arm to explore the feasibility of implementing the service delivery intervention in HIV treatment hospitals in Nigeria.Result: The ICER of the intervention compared to routine care was US$1,593.2 per additional patient with undetectable viral load. Going by the cost-effectiveness threshold suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, the intervention was very cost-effective as it costs less than one Nigerian GDP/capita of US$2028.2. The effect of regimen change increased the ICER to US$2,094.38. Healthcare professionals reported that patients’ acceptance of the intervention was very high.Conclusion: The conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing were very cost-effective. Patients’ acceptance of the intervention was very high. However, healthcare professionals believed that sustaining the intervention may be difficult unless factors such as government commitment and healthcare provider diligence are duly addressed.Trial registration This trial is registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry through the WHO International Registry Network (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/: PACTR201806003040425).
The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE-24): Configural, measurement, and structural invariance between nulliparas and multiparas and across two measurement time points
Authors: Hada Ayako , Minatani Mariko , Yamagishi Yukiko , Wakamatsu Mikiyo , Koren Gideon , Kitamura Toshinori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) correlates with pregnancy complications. This study aimed to confirm the measurement and structural invariance of the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE-24) regarding parity and observation time among pregnant women during the first trimester.
Methods
Questionnaires including the PUQE-24 and the Health-Related Quality of Life for Nausea and Vomiting during Pregnancy (NVP-QOL) questionnaire were distributed to pregnant women from 10 to 13 weeks of gestation who were attending antenatal clinics. There were 383 respondents, and of these, 130 responded to the PUQE-24 again one week later.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis of this single factor model showed good fit with the data: CFI = 1.000. The PUQE-24 factor and NVP-QOL factor were strongly correlated (r = 82). Configural, measurement, and structural invariance of the factor structure of the PUQE items were confirmed between primiparas and multiparas as well as at the test and retest observation occasions.
Conclusion
The findings suggested that using the PUQE-24 among pregnant women in the first trimester was robust in its factor structure. The PUQE-24 may be a promising tool as an easy and robust measure of the severity of nausea and vomiting among pregnant women.
Nano-SiO2/DBN: An efficacious and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives
Authors: Mehravar Maryam , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh , Babaei Elaheh , Bamoniri Abdolhamid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The nano-sized particles enhance the exposed surface area of the active part of the catalyst, thereby increasing the contact between precursors and catalyst considerably. In this study, nano-SiO2/1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-en was synthesized, characterized and used as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis were used to discern nano- SiO2/1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-en.Results: Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans were synthesized by using nano- SiO2/1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-en via one-pot three-component condensation of malononitrile, aldehydes and dimedone in H2O/EtOH at 60 °C. The results indicate that tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans were synthesized in good to high yields and short reaction times.Conclusions: The fundamental privileges of this method are short reaction time, plain procedure, recyclability of catalyst and high yields of products.
Improvement of eco-efficient self-compacting concrete manufacture by recycling high quantity of waste materials
Authors: HILAL NAHLA Naji , Nyarko Marijana Hadzima 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recycling plastic waste to obtain new materials such as concrete or mortar seems to be one of the best solutions for disposing of plastic waste. Second, in the construction industry, due to the increasing costs of landfills and the lack of a natural large aggregate, the increased interest in crushed ceramics is significant. The third type of waste that is dealt with in this article is tea ash because tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world and large amounts of waste are generated. This article attempts to develop the appropriate characteristics of self-compacting concrete by adding the following waste materials: plastic waste, tea waste and collapsed ceramics. In this paper, Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete with waste materials were investigated. The diameter and time of sediment flow, segregation, L-box ratio, and density of freshly compacted concrete mixtures were measured. Moreover, both 7, 14, and 28-day bending strength and 7 and 28-day bending strength of hardened self-compacting concrete samples were measured. The results proved the possibility of using plastic waste, tea waste and collapsed ceramics in self-compacted concrete, because they do not significantly reduce the hardened and fresh properties of self-compacted concrete.
Fixed-bed Adsorption of Congo red dye and Bisphenol A from solution onto surfactant modified walnut shell
Authors: Dovi Evans , Aryee Aaron Albert , Kani Alexander Nti , Mpatani Farid Mzee , Li Jianjun , Li Zhaohui , Qu Lingbo , Han Runping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wastewater stemming from industries may contain pollutants such as synthetic dyes and endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to be harmful to living organisms. Therefore, to safeguard the wellbeing of humankind and environmental safety, it is imperative for industrial effluents to be sanitized before their discharged into water bodies. Furthermore, to explore the utilization of agricultural byproduct is valuable to study. To achieve this, a Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide functionalized Walnut shells (WNS-CTAB) were prepared to remove pollutants in column approach. The column work was carried out for diverse working conditions. There is in favor of adsorption at low influent pollutant concentration, low flow rate or high bed depth. As the highest breakthrough time of 113 and 23 min at flow rate 6 mL min −1 was recorded for both CR and BPA, respectively, the Yan’s kinetic model best described the breakthrough curve. The adsorbent showed better regeneration capabilities; accordingly can offer practical use for adsorption of CR and BPA from wastewaters.
Effectiveness of a health promotion intervention and education based on Health Belief Model on improving the preventive behaviors of self-Medication among women in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Niksadat Negin , Zavare Mehrnoosh Akhtari- , Gohari Mahmood Reza , Zadeh Davood Shojae , Solhi Mahnaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Self-medication (SM) is used in medicine without consultation with a physician which leads to serious problems, especially in women. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a health promotion intervention and education based on health belief model (HBM) on improving the preventive behaviors of self-Medication among women in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A quasi-experimental survey was carried out among 88 women in 4 selected health institutions of one of the districts in Tehran, Iran. A multi-stage random sampling method was carried out to select the participants. The intervention group received the educational module based on constructs of HBM on the prevention of SM, free medical facilities, and video about SM. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and one month after intervention by validated questionnaire on constructs of HBM and checklist of behavior in self-medication in both groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS16 using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Result: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge, perceptions (self-efficacy, susceptibility, severity, perceived benefits and barriers, self-Efficacy) , and prevention of self-medication behavior in both intervention and control groups (p > 0.05); but after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of both groups in all variables (p<0.001). Also, post-test results showed the considerable promotion of perceived barriers scores in the intervention group, especially on simple and fast inaccessibility to physician and high physician expenses. Conclusion: Educational and promotional intervention based on the health belief model is effective in improving the perceptions and behavior of women in the prevention of self-medication.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of spinal signal changes caused by infection and tumor in the early stages
Authors: Chen Qiaofeng , Wu Shanpeng , Lu Tianxiang , Shi Jianhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Spinal infection and tumor have abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations in the early stages; however, they are not easy to identify before symptoms appear. These conditions have their own characteristics and need to be correctly diagnosed.Methods: MRI images of six cases of pyogenic spondylitis, eight cases of tuberculous spondylitis, eight cases of Brucella spondylitis, and twelve cases of spinal tumor were reviewed. MRI images of the involved vertebral body, vertebral facet joint, spinous process, paravertebral soft tissue, and posterior dural sac of the vertebral body were analyzed using T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging, lipgraphy and enhanced MRI, respectively. Results: MRI data of spinal infection, spinal tuberculosis, spinal tumor, and spinal Brucella infection differed in their characteristics.Conclusions: MRI could provide early diagnostic evidence for spinal lesions.