bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Remote Digital Memory Composite to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Memory Clinic Samples in Unsupervised Settings using Mobile Devices
Authors: Berron David , Glanz Wenzel , Clark Lindsay , Basche Kristin , Grande Xenia , Güsten Jeremie , Billette Ornella V. , Hempen Ina , Naveed Muhammad Hashim , Diersch Nadine , Butryn Michaela , Spottke Annika , Buerger Katharina , Perneczky Robert , Schneider Anja , Teipel Stefan , Wiltfang Jens , Johnson Sterling , Wagner Michael , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah ,   the DELCODE Consortium
Published: November 2021

AbstractMobile app-based unsupervised monitoring of cognition holds the promise to facilitate case-finding in clinical care and the individual detection of cognitive impairment in clinical and research settings. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, this is particularly relevant for patients who seek medical advice due to memory complaints. Here we developed a Remote Digital Memory Composite (RDMC) score from an unsupervised remote and mobile cognitive assessment battery focused on episodic memory and long-term recall and assessed its construct validity, retest reliability and diagnostic accuracy when predicting MCI-grade impairment in a memory clinic sample and healthy controls. A total of 199 study participants were recruited from three cohorts and included as healthy controls (HC; n=97), individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n= 59) or patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=43). Study participants performed cognitive assessments in a fully remote and unsupervised setting via a smartphone app for cognitive testing. The derived RDMC score was highly correlated with the PACC5 score across participants and demonstrated good retest reliability. Diagnostic accuracy for discriminating memory impairment from no impairment was high (cross-validated AUC = 0.83, 95% CI [0.66, 0.99]) with a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.71. Our results indicate that unsupervised mobile cognitive assessments in a memory clinic setting using the implementation in the neotiv digital platform results in a good discrimination between cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals. Thus, it is feasible to complement neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory with unsupervised and remote assessments on mobile devices. This contributes to recent efforts for implementing remotely performed episodic memory assessment for case-finding and monitoring in large research trials and clinical care.
Correcting prevalence estimation for biased sampling with testing errors
Authors: Zhou Lili , Díaz-Pachón Daniel Andrés , Zhao Chen , Rao J. Sunil , Hössjer Ola 
Published: November 2021

SummarySampling for prevalence estimation of infection is subject to bias by both over-sampling of symptomatic individuals and error-prone tests. This results in naïve estimators of prevalence (i.e., proportion of observed infected individuals in the sample) that can be very far from the true proportion of infected. In this work, we present a method of prevalence estimation that reduces both the effect of bias due to testing errors and oversampling of symptomatic individuals, eliminating it altogether in some scenarios. Moreover, this procedure considers stratified errors in which tests have different error rate profiles for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. This results in easily implementable algorithms, for which code is provided, that produce better prevalence estimates than other methods (in terms of reducing and/or removing bias), as demonstrated by formal results, simulations, and on COVID-19 data from the Israeli Ministry of Health.
Functional changes of visual cortex in pre- and post- operative intermittent exotropia patients: study protocol for a non-randomized case-control clinical trial
Authors: Guo Yanan , Fu Jing , Hong Jie , Liu Zhaohui , He Xueying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common type of divergent squint. IXT is primarily a cortical neurologic dysfunction disorder, occurring as a result of insufficient maintaining of sensory and motor fusion. Recent reports have demonstrated the relationship between IXT and visual cortical impairment. We plan to assess blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in IXT patients during the pre-and post-operation follow-ups to evaluate the functional changes of the visual cortex.Methods and analysisA total of 90 Chinese subjects will be recruited, and the age is between 18 and 60 years old. The subjects include the Surgical treatment (ST) group (45 IXT subjects who will perform surgery) and the Healthy control (HC) group (45 age - and sex - and education matched healthy volunteers). The assessments include the following aspects: general ophthalmic, optometry, binocular vision test, Newcastle Control Score (NCS), and fMRI. Each subject completes the rest-state BOLD-fMRI, and the sequences include echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse and 3-dimensional brain volume (3D-BRAVO) to acquire high-resolution images. The follow-up schedule is 6 and 12months after the surgery. The primary outcome will be determined by cortex changes in BOLD-fMRI in ST group before and after the surgery. We also compare the HC group with the pre-operation subjects in the ST group. The secondary outcomes are changes of strabismus examinations, binocular visual function examinations, and NCS.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tongren Hospital. We plan to publish the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal article.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100048852Strengths and limitations of this studyThe present study is advanced which aims to explore the functional changes in the visual cortex in IXT patients before and after surgery through rest-state 3.0T BOLD-fMRI. We also explore the relationships between changes of cortex and ocular examination.The follow-up comparison between the visual cortex and ophthalmic changes will enrich our understanding of the impairment and plasticity of visual function in IXT patients.Loss to follow-up of participants is possible after the surgery in this study.The present study focuses on IXT patients with surgical indications. We did not carry on the study on the different subtypes or the different severity of IXT.
Maternal immune response and placental antibody transfer after COVID-19 vaccination across trimester and platforms
Authors: Atyeo Caroline G. , Shook Lydia L. , Brigida Sara , De Guzman Rose M. , Demidkin Stepan , Muir Cordelia , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Baez Arantxa Medina , McSweeney Erin , Burns Madeleine , Nayak Ruhi , Kumar Maya K. , Patel Chinmay D. , Fialkowski Allison , Cvrk Dana , Goldfarb Ilona T. , Yonker Lael M. , Fasano Alessio , Elovitz Michal A. , Gray Kathryn J. , Alter Galit , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe availability of three COVID-19 vaccines in the United States provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine how vaccine platforms and timing of vaccination in pregnancy impact maternal and neonatal immunity. Here, we characterized the antibody profile after Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccination in 158 pregnant individuals, and evaluated transplacental antibody transfer by profiling maternal and umbilical cord blood in 175 maternal-neonatal dyads. These analyses revealed lower vaccine-induced functions and Fc-receptor binding after Ad26.COV2.S compared to mRNA vaccination, and subtle advantages in titer and function with mRNA-1273 versus BN162b2. mRNA vaccinees had higher titers and functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. First and third trimester vaccination resulted in enhanced maternal immune responses relative to second trimester. Higher cord:maternal transfer ratios following first and second trimester vaccination reflect placental compensation for waning maternal titers. These results support vaccination early in pregnancy to maximize maternal protection throughout gestation, without compromising neonatal antibody protection.
A cohort study on the duration of Plasmodium falciparum infections during the dry season in The Gambia
Authors: Collins Katharine A , Ceesay Sukai , Drammeh Sainabou , Jaiteh Fatou K , Guery Marc-Antoine , Lanke Kjerstin , Grignard Lynn , Stone Will , Conway David J , D’Alessandro Umberto , Bousema Teun , Claessens Antoine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn areas where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is highly seasonal, a dry season reservoir of blood-stage infection is essential for initiating transmission during the following wet season, bridging transmission seasons several months apart. Understanding infections during the dry season could thus inform approaches for malaria control.MethodsIn The Gambia, a cohort of 42 individuals with qPCR positive P. falciparum infections at the end of the transmission season (December) were followed monthly until the end of the dry season (May) to evaluate the duration of detectable infections. The influence of human host (age, sex, haemoglobin concentration and genotype, and P. falciparum-specific antibodies), and parasitological (parasite density, gametocyte density and genotypic multiplicity of infection) factors was investigated.ResultsA large proportion of individuals infected at the end of the wet season had detectable infections until the end of the dry season (40.0%; 16/40), with the majority of these infections also harbouring gametocytes (81.3%; 13/16). 22 infections were classified as persistent (detectable for at least 3 months), 17 were classified as short-lived (undetectable within 2 months), and 3 were treated (due to symptoms). At the start of the dry season, the majority of persistent infections (82%; 18/22) had parasite densities >10 p/µL compared to only 5.9% (1/17) of short-lived infections. Persistent infections (59%; 13/22) were also more likely to be multi-clonal than short-lived infections (5.9%; 1/17), they were most common in 5 to 15 year old children (63%; 12/19), and were associated with individuals having higher levels of P. falciparum-specific antibodies (p = 0.058).ConclusionsAsymptomatic persistent dry season infections in The Gambia were multiclonal with higher parasite densities at the beginning of the dry season, mostly occurring in school age children and adults with higher P. falciparum-specific antibodies. Screening and treating asymptomatic, malaria-infected individuals during the dry season may reduce the human reservoir of malaria responsible initiating transmission in the wet-season.
Systematic Review of Cerebral Phenotypes Associated with Monogenic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Whittaker Ed , Thrippleton Sophie , Chong Liza YW , Collins Victoria C , Ferguson Amy C , Henshall David E , Lancastle Emily , Wilkinson Tim , Wilson Blair , Wilson Kirsty , Sudlow Cathie , Wardlaw Joanna , Rannikmäe Kristiina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is an important cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Most cases are multifactorial, but an emerging minority have a monogenic cause. While NOTCH3 is the best-known gene, several others have been reported. We aimed to summarise the cerebral phenotypes associated with these more recent cSVD genes.MethodsWe performed a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020196720), searching Medline/Embase (conception to July 2020) for any language publications describing COL4A1/2, TREX1, HTRA1, ADA2, or CTSA pathogenic variant carriers. We extracted data about individuals’ characteristics, clinical and vascular radiological cerebral phenotypes. We summarised phenotype frequencies per gene, comparing patterns across genes.ResultsWe screened 6,485 publications including 402, and extracted data on 390 COL4A1, 123 TREX1, 44 HTRA1 homozygous, 41 COL4A2, 346 ADA2, 82 HTRA1 heterozygous, and 14 CTSA individuals. Mean age ranged from 15 (ADA2) to 59 years (HTRA1 heterozygotes). Clinical phenotype frequencies varied widely: stroke 9% (TREX1) to 52% (HTRA1 heterozygotes), cognitive features 0% (ADA2) to 64% (HTRA1 homozygotes), psychiatric features 0% (COL4A2; ADA2) to 57% (CTSA). Among individuals with neuroimaging, vascular radiological phenotypes appeared common, ranging from 62% (ADA2) to 100% (HTRA1 homozygotes; CTSA). White matter lesions were the most common pathology, except in ADA2 and COL4A2 cases, where ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions dominated, respectively.ConclusionsThere appear to be differences in cerebral manifestations across cSVD genes. Vascular radiological changes were more common than clinical neurological phenotypes, and present in the majority of individuals with reported neuroimaging. However, these results may be affected by age and biases inherent to case reports. In the future, better characterisation of associated phenotypes, as well as insights from population-based studies, should improve our understanding of monogenic cSVD to inform genetic testing, guide clinical management, and help unravel underlying disease mechanisms.
Identifying patient-level risk factors associated with non-β-lactam resistance outcomes in invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States using chain graphs
Authors: Love William J. , Wang Christine A. , Lanzas Cristina 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of hospital- and community-acquired infections. MRSA is resistant to many antibiotics, including ß-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. Graphical models such as chain graphs can be used to quantify and visualize the interactions among multiple resistant outcomes and their explanatory variables. In this study, we analyzed MRSA surveillance data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as part of the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) using chain graphs with the objective of identifying risk factors for individual phenotypic resistance outcomes (reported as minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) while considering the correlations among themselves. Some phenotypic resistances have low connectivity to other outcomes or predictors (e.g. tetracycline, vancomycin, doxycycline, and rifampin). Levofloxacin was the only resistant associated with healthcare use. Blood culture was the most common predictor of MIC. Patients with positive blood culture had significantly increased MIC to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, and mupirocin, and decreased daptomycin and rifampin MICs. Chain graphs show the unique and common risk factors associated with resistance outcomes.
Impact of Exercise-induced Dehydration on Perceived Exertion During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Deshayes Thomas A. , Pancrate Timothée , Goulet Eric D.B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of stressors on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is relevant from a performance and exercise adherence/participation standpoint. Athletes and recreationally active individuals dehydrate during exercise. No attempt has been made to systematically determine the impact of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) on RPE. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of EID on RPE during endurance exercise and examine the moderating effect of potential confounders using a meta-analytical approach. Data analyses were performed on raw RPE values using random-effects models weighted mean effect summaries and meta-regressions with robust standard errors, and with a practical meaningful effect set at 1 point difference between euhydration (EUH) and EID. Only controlled crossover studies measuring RPE with a Borg scale in healthy adults performing ≥ 30 min of continuous endurance exercise while dehydrating or drinking to maintain EUH were included. Sixteen studies were included, representing 147 individuals. Mean body mass loss with EUH was 0.5 ± 0.4%, compared to 2.3 ± 0.5% with EID (range 1.7 to 3.1%). Within an EID of 0.5 to 3% body mass, a maximum difference in RPE of 0.81 points (95% CI: 0.36-1.27) was observed between conditions. A meta-regression revealed that RPE increases by 0.21 points for each 1% increase in EID (95% CI: 0.12-0.31). Humidity, ambient temperature and aerobic capacity did not alter the relationship between EID and RPE. Therefore, the effect of EID on RPE is unlikely to be practically meaningful until a body mass loss of at least 3%.
Fatigue in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis and Mortality: A Real-World Side-by-Side Study in Brazil and the United States
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Wallim Liz , Guetter Camila R , Jiao Yue , Rigodon Vladimir M. , Mysayphonh Chance , Usvyat Len A. , Barretti Pasqual , Kotanko Peter , Larkin John W. , Maddux Franklin W. , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , de Moraes Thyago Proença 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe tested if fatigue in incident Peritoneal Dialysis associated with an increased risk for mortality, independently from main confounders.MethodsWe conducted a side-by-side study from two of incident PD patients in Brazil and the United States. We used the same code to independently analyze data in both countries during 2004 to 2011. We included data from adults who completed KDQOL-SF vitality subscale within 90 days after starting PD. Vitality score was categorized in four groups: >50 (high vitality), ≥40 to ≤50 (moderate vitality), >35 to <40 (moderate fatigue), ≤35 (high fatigue; reference group). In each country’s cohort, we built four distinct models to estimate the associations between vitality (exposure) and all-cause mortality (outcome): (i) Cox regression model; (ii) competitive risk model accounting for technique failure events; (iii) multilevel survival model of clinic-level clusters; (iv) multivariate regression model with smoothing splines treating vitality as a continuous measure. Analyses were adjusted for age, comorbidities, PD modality, hemoglobin, and albumin. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool hazard ratios (HRs) from both cohorts to model mortality risk for each 10-unit increase in vitality.ResultsWe used data from 4,285 PD patients (Brazil n=1,388 and United States n=2,897). Model estimates showed lower vitality levels within 90 days of starting PD were associated with a higher risk of mortality, which was consistent in Brazil and the United States cohorts. In the multivariate survival model, each 10-unit increase in vitality score was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in both cohorts (Brazil HR=0.79 [95%CI 0.70 to 0.90] and United States HR=0.90 [95%CI 0.88 to 0.93], pooled HR=0.86 [95%CI 0.75 to 0.98]). Results for all models provided consistent effect estimates.ConclusionsAmong patients in Brazil and the United States, lower vitality score in the initial months of PD was independently associated with all-cause mortality.
Timelapse viability assay to detect division and death of primary multiple myeloma cells in response to drug treatments with single cell resolution
Authors: Mark Christina , Callander Natalie S. , Chng Kenny , Miyamoto Shigeki , Warrick Jay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeterogeneity among cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is thought to be a significant contributor to the heterogeneity of clinical therapy response observed between patients and can evolve over time. A primary example of this is multiple myeloma (MM), a generally incurable cancer where such heterogeneity contributes to the persistent evolution of drug resistance. However, there is a paucity of functional assays for studying this heterogeneity in patient samples or for assessing the influence of the patient TME on therapy response. Indeed, the population-averaged data provided by traditional drug response assays and the large number of cells required for screening remain significant hurdles to advancement. To address these hurdles, we developed a suite of accessible technologies for quantifying functional drug response to a panel of therapies inex vivothree-dimensional culture using small quantities of a patient’s own cancer and TME components. This suite includes tools for label-free single-cell identification and quantification of both cell division and death events with a standard brightfield microscope, an open-source software package for objective image analysis and feasible data management of multi-day timelapse experiments, and a new approach to fluorescent detection of cell death that is compatible with long-term imaging of primary cells. These new tools and capabilities are used to enable sensitive, objective, functional characterization of primary MM cell therapy response in the presence of TME components, laying the foundation for future studies and efforts to enable predictive assessment drug efficacy for individual patients.Insight BoxThe new tools and capabilities described here allow new insights into functional primary cell therapy response by (i) enabling more drugs to be tested on precious and limited numbers of patient cellsex vivo(ii) providing the ability to discriminate both cell division and death events over multiple days with single-cell resolution, and (iii) by incorporating the influences of a patient’s own cancer cells and TME components on drug response.
A quantitative synthesis of soil microbial effects on plant species coexistence
Authors: Yan Xinyi , Levine Jonathan M. , Kandlikar Gaurav S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil microorganisms play a major role in shaping plant diversity, not only through their direct effects as pathogens, mutualists, and decomposers, but also by altering interactions between plants. In particular, previous research has shown that the soil community often generates frequency-dependent feedback loops among plants that can either destabilize species interactions, or generate stabilizing niche differences that promote species coexistence. However, recent insights from modern coexistence theory have shown that microbial effects on plant coexistence depend not only on these stabilizing or destabilizing effects, but also on the degree to which they generate competitive fitness differences. While many previous experiments have generated the data necessary for evaluating microbially mediated fitness differences, these effects have rarely been quantified in the literature. Here we present a meta-analysis of data from 50 studies, which we used to quantify the microbially mediated (de)stabilization and fitness differences derived from a classic plant-soil feedback model. Across 518 pairwise comparisons, we found that soil microbes generated both stabilization (or destabilization) and fitness differences, but also that the microbially mediated fitness differences dominated. As a consequence, if plants are otherwise equivalent competitors, the balance of soil microbe-generated (de)stabilization and fitness differences drives species exclusion much more frequently than coexistence or priority effects. Our work shows that microbially mediated fitness differences are an important but overlooked effect of soil microbes on plant coexistence. This finding paves the way for a more complete understanding of the processes that maintain plant biodiversity.