bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Replication in a Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy Recipient: A Case Study
Authors: Hensley Matthew K , Bain William G , Jacobs Jana , Nambulli Sham , Parikh Urvi , Cillo Anthony , Staines Brittany , Heaps Amy , Sobolewski Michele D , Rennick Linda J , Macatangay Bernard J C , Klamar-Blain Cynthia , Kitsios Georgios D , Methé Barbara , Somasundaram Ashwin , Bruno Tullia C , Cardello Carly , Shan Feng , Workman Creg , Ray Prabir , Ray Anuradha , Lee Janet , Sethi Rahil , Schwarzmann William E , Ladinsky Mark S , Bjorkman Pamela J , Vignali Dario A , Duprex W Paul , Agha Mounzer E , Mellors John W , McCormick Kevin D , Morris Alison , Haidar Ghady 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy recipient developed severe coronavirus disease 2019, intractable RNAemia, and viral replication lasting &gt;2 months. Premortem endotracheal aspirate contained &gt;2 × 1010 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA copies/mL and infectious virus. Deep sequencing revealed multiple sequence variants consistent with intrahost virus evolution. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cell-mediated immunity were minimal. Prolonged transmission from immunosuppressed patients is possible.
Stress-associated neurobiological activity associates with the risk for and timing of subsequent Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Radfar Azar , Abohashem Shady , Osborne Michael T , Wang Ying , Dar Tawseef , Hassan Malek Z O , Ghoneem Ahmed , Naddaf Nicki , Patrich Tomas , Abbasi Taimur , Zureigat Hadil , Jaffer James , Ghazi Parastou , Scott James A , Shin Lisa M , Pitman Roger K , Neilan Tomas G , Wood Malissa J , Tawakol Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Activity in the amygdala, a brain centre involved in the perception of and response to stressors, associates with: (i) heightened sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory output and (ii) risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the amygdalar activity (AmygA) ratio is heightened among individuals who develop Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), a heart failure syndrome often triggered by acute stress. We tested the hypotheses that (i) heightened AmygA precedes development of TTS and (ii) those with the highest AmygA develop the syndrome earliest.

Methods and results
Individuals (N=104, median age 67.5 years, 72% female, 86% with malignancy) who underwent clinical 18 F-FDG-PET/CT imaging were retrospectively identified: 41 who subsequently developed TTS and 63 matched controls (median follow-up 2.5 years after imaging). AmygA was measured using validated methods. Individuals with (vs. without) subsequent TTS had higher baseline AmygA (P=0.038) after adjusting for TTS risk factors. Further, AmygA associated with the risk for subsequent TTS after adjustment for risk factors [standardized hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.643 (1.189, 2.270), P=0.003]. Among the subset of individuals who developed TTS, those with the highest AmygA (&gt;mean + 1 SD) developed TTS ∼2 years earlier after imaging vs. those with lower AmygA (P=0.028).

Conclusion
Higher AmygA associates with an increased risk for TTS among a retrospective population with a high rate of malignancy. This heightened neurobiological activity is present years before the onset of TTS and may impact the timing of the syndrome. Accordingly, heightened stress-associated neural activity may represent a therapeutic target to reduce stress-related diseases, including TTS.
A qualitative study of the perceptions of mental health among the Traveller community in Ireland
Authors: Villani Jacopo , Barry Margaret M 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Irish Travellers are a minority ethnic group who experience a high prevalence of mental health problems and a rate of suicide six times higher compared to the general Irish population. This study explores Travellers’ perceptions of mental health and its determinants. It also identifies the most relevant factors for promoting positive mental health and wellbeing among this socially excluded group. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to explore participants’ perceptions of mental health and mental health needs. Four focus groups were conducted with a total of 25 adult members of the Travelling community. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify and interpret the main themes emerging from the participants’ responses. Travellers conceptualize mental health mostly in negative terms and showed a lack of awareness of the concept of positive mental health. Travellers showed a strong awareness of the social determinants of mental health identifying employment, better education, suitable accommodation, a reduction of discrimination and improved trust and social cohesion as important determinants that need to be addressed to improve their mental health status. The centrality of cultural identity and social–emotional skills emerged as key factors in promoting positive mental health among Travellers. The findings suggest that Travellers’ mental health is multidimensional and requires a socio-ecological approach that addresses the wider determinants of health. Community mental health promotion initiatives should focus on reducing discrimination, enhancing social and emotional wellbeing and self-esteem, improvement of living conditions, reduced mental health stigma, and the promotion of Traveller culture and positive self-identity.
Educators’ perceived mental health literacy and capacity to support students’ mental health: associations with school-level characteristics and provision in England
Authors: Mansfield Rosie , Humphrey Neil , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conceptual frameworks for school-based, preventive interventions recognise that educators’ capacity is, in part, dependent on school-level characteristics. This study aimed to (i) examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the Mental Health Literacy and Capacity Survey for Educators (MHLCSE); (ii) assess responses in relation to supporting students’ mental health; (iii) describe schools’ mental health provision in terms of designated roles, training offered, and perceived barriers; (iv) investigate variance in MHLCSE outcomes explained by schools; and, (v) explore school-level predictors of educators’ perceived MHL and capacity after controlling for individual-level characteristics. A multi-level, cross-sectional design involving 710 educators across 248 schools in England was used, and secondary analyses of baseline data collected as part of the Education for Wellbeing Programme were conducted. Mental health provision data was available for 206 schools, of which 95% offered training to some staff, and 71% had a designated mental health lead. Secondary schools offered significantly more training than primary schools. Significant barriers included lack of capacity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and within school, and communication challenges between agencies. The amount of training offered by schools significantly predicted educators’ awareness and knowledge of mental health issues, treatments and services, legislation and processes for supporting students’ mental health and comfort providing active support, with increased training predicting higher scores. However, little variance was explained by schools (1.7–12.1%) and school-level variables (0.7–1.2%). Results are discussed in relation to current mental health and education policy in England.
Learning a deep convolutional neural network via tensor decomposition
Authors: Oymak Samet , Soltanolkotabi Mahdi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the problem of learning the weights of a deep convolutional neural network. We consider a network where convolutions are carried out over non-overlapping patches. We develop an algorithm for simultaneously learning all the kernels from the training data. Our approach dubbed deep tensor decomposition (DeepTD) is based on a low-rank tensor decomposition. We theoretically investigate DeepTD under a realizable model for the training data where the inputs are chosen i.i.d. from a Gaussian distribution and the labels are generated according to planted convolutional kernels. We show that DeepTD is sample efficient and provably works as soon as the sample size exceeds the total number of convolutional weights in the network.
Zero Cycles on a Product of Elliptic Curves Over a p-adic Field
Authors: Gazaki Evangelia , Leal Isabel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider a product $X=E_1\times \cdots \times E_d$ of elliptic curves over a finite extension $K$ of ${\mathbb{Q}}_p$ with a combination of good or split multiplicative reduction. We assume that at most one of the elliptic curves has supersingular reduction. Under these assumptions, we prove that the Albanese kernel of $X$ is the direct sum of a finite group and a divisible group, extending work by Raskind and Spiess to cases that include supersingular phenomena. Our method involves studying the kernel of the cycle map $CH_0(X)/p^n\rightarrow H^{2d}_{\acute{\textrm{e}}\textrm{t}}(X, \mu _{p^n}^{\otimes d})$. We give specific criteria that guarantee this map is injective for every $n\geq 1$. When all curves have good ordinary reduction, we show that it suffices to extend to a specific finite extension $L$ of $K$ for these criteria to be satisfied. This extends previous work by Yamazaki and Hiranouchi.
Gender representation in U.S. biomedical informatics leadership and recognition
Authors: Griffin Ashley C , Leung Tiffany I , Tenenbaum Jessica D , Chung Arlene E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study sought to describe gender representation in leadership and recognition within the U.S. biomedical informatics community.

Materials and Methods
Data were collected from public websites or provided by American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) personnel from 2017 to 2019, including gender of membership, directors of academic informatics programs, clinical informatics subspecialty fellowships, AMIA leadership (2014-2019), and AMIA awardees (1993-2019). Differences in gender proportions were calculated using chi-square tests.

Results
Men were more often in leadership positions and award recipients (P &lt; .01). Men led 74.7% (n = 71 of 95) of academic informatics programs and 83.3% (n = 35 of 42) of clinical informatics fellowships. Within AMIA, men held 56.8% (n = 1086 of 1913) of leadership roles and received 64.1% (n = 59 of 92) of awards.

Discussion
As in other STEM fields, leadership and recognition in biomedical informatics is lower for women.

Conclusions
Quantifying gender inequity should inform data-driven strategies to foster diversity and inclusion. Standardized collection and surveillance of demographic data within biomedical informatics is necessary.
The Antitrust Market Does Not Exist: Pursuit of Objectivity in a Purposive Process
Authors: Eben Magali 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
There is no such thing as an ‘antitrust market’. Markets are merely analytical tools, which serve to structure available evidence and enable a comprehensive answer to a particular question. They do not exist as such in the real world but are figments of our intellectual imagination. In that capacity, they can be immensely useful. A pursuit of objectivity in the process of product market definition remains in vain as long as we fail to acknowledge that the utility of antitrust markets lies precisely in their reductive and purposive nature. This article makes two main arguments. The first argument is simple, yet far-reaching: antitrust market definition is useful because it is a method to enable the answer to a question. The implication is that the market is defined by reference to that particular question, rather than as an independent and neutral object. Market definition is ‘purposive’. In the context of competition investigations, this question can concern, but does not have to be limited to, determinations of market power. The second argument is that market definition, even though purposive, does not need to be subjective. Objectivity in market definition can be achieved by aspiring to process objectivity, rather than to objective outcomes.
JEL codes: K21; L40; A00
Chlorogenic acid ameliorates mice clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting NFκB signalling pathway
Authors: Gao Feng , Fu Kaiqiang , Li Huatao , Feng Yanni , Tian Wenru , Cao Rongfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical endometritis is a common reproductive disorder in mammals that seriously endangers animal health and causes economic losses worldwide. This study aims to use lipopolysaccharide and Trueperella pyogenes exotoxin as modelling reagents (LC) to perfuse the mouse uterus in order to establish a model of clinical endometritis and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA).

Methods
In this study, five LC uterine perfusions were selected to model clinical endometritis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CGA were clarified. Through HE staining, proinflammatory cytokines, blood testing, NFκB and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathways and other index changes to explore the protection mechanism of CGA.

Key findings
After CGA treatment, the appearance, inflammatory damage and blood indicators of the mouse uterus returned to normal. Simultaneously, CGA could inhibit the activation of NFκB and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines; CGA could also activate Keap1/Nrf2, promote the dissociation of Keap1 and Nrf2 and significantly increase the expression of the downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1.

Conclusions
The above results together explain that five LC uterine perfusions can be used to establish a mouse model of clinical endometritis. CGA can treat clinical endometritis by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting the NFκB signalling pathway.
A particle-linkage model for elongated asteroids with three-dimensional mass distribution
Authors: Santos L B T , Marchi L O , Aljbaae S , Sousa-Silva P A , Sanchez D M , Prado A F B A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The goal of this paper is to develop a simplified model to describe the gravitational fields of elongated asteroids. The proposed model consists of representing an elongated asteroid using a triple-particle-linkage system distributed in the three-dimensional space and it is an extension of previous planar models. A nonlinear optimization method is used to determine the parameters of our model, minimizing the errors of all the external equilibrium points with respect to the solutions calculated with a more realistic approach, the Mascon model, which are assumed to give the real values of the system. The model considered in this paper is then applied to three real irregular asteroids: 1620 Geographos, 433 Eros, and 243 Ida. The results show that the current triple-particle-linkage three-dimensional model gives better accuracy when compared to the axisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model available in the literature, and provides an advantage in terms of accuracy over the mass point model, while keeping computational time low. This model is also used to carry out simulations to characterize regions with solutions that remain bounded or that escape from around each asteroid under analysis. We investigated initial inclinations of 0° (direct orbits) and 180° (retrograde orbits). We considered the gravitational field of the asteroid, the gravitational attraction of the Sun, and the SRP. Our results are then compared to the results obtained using the Mascon gravitational model, based on the polyhedral shape source. We found good agreement between the two models.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: reconciling strong emission line metallicity diagnostics using metallicity gradients
Authors: Poetrodjojo Henry , Groves Brent , Kewley Lisa J , Sweet Sarah M , Sanchez Sebastian F , Medling Anne M , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Brough Sarah , Cortese Luca , van de Sande Jesse , Vaughan Sam , Richards Samuel N , Bryant Julia J , Croom Scott M , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Goodwin Michael , Lawrence Jon S , Owers Matt S , Scott Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We measure the gas-phase metallicity gradients of 248 galaxies selected from Data Release 2 of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We demonstrate that there are large systematic discrepancies between the metallicity gradients derived using common strong emission line metallicity diagnostics. We determine which pairs of diagnostics have Spearman’s rank coefficients greater than 0.6 and provide linear conversions to allow the accurate comparison of metallicity gradients derived using different strong emission line diagnostics. For galaxies within the mass range 8.5 &lt; log (M/M⊙) &lt; 11.0, we find discrepancies of up to 0.11 dex/Re between seven popular diagnostics in the metallicity gradient–mass relation. We find a suggestion of a break in the metallicity gradient–mass relation, where the slope shifts from negative to positive, occurs between 9.5 &lt; log (M/M⊙) &lt; 10.5 for the seven chosen diagnostics. Applying our conversions to the metallicity gradient–mass relation, we reduce the maximum dispersion from 0.11 dex/Re to 0.02 dex/Re. These conversions provide the most accurate method of converting metallicity gradients when key emission lines are unavailable. We find that diagnostics that share common sets of emission line ratios agree best, and that diagnostics calibrated through the electron temperature provide more consistent results compared to those calibrated through photoionization models.
The intracluster magnetic field in the double relic galaxy cluster Abell 2345
Authors: Stuardi C , Bonafede A , Lovisari L , Domínguez-Fernández P , Vazza F , Brüggen M , van Weeren R J , de Gasperin F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in galaxy clusters, yet their radial profile, power spectrum, and connection to host cluster properties are poorly known. Merging galaxy clusters hosting diffuse polarized emission in the form of radio relics offer a unique possibility to study the magnetic fields in these complex systems. In this paper, we investigate the intracluster magnetic field in Abell 2345. This cluster hosts two radio relics that we detected in polarization with 1–2 GHz Jansky Very Large Array observations. X-ray XMM–Newton images show a very disturbed morphology. We derived the rotation measure (RM) of five polarized sources within ∼1 Mpc from the cluster centre applying the RM synthesis. Both, the average RM and the RM dispersion radial profiles probe the presence of intracluster magnetic fields. Using the thermal electron density profile derived from X-ray analysis and simulating a 3D magnetic field with fluctuations following a power spectrum derived from magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, we build mock RM images of the cluster. We constrained the magnetic field profile in the eastern radio relic sector by comparing simulated and observed RM images. We find that, within the framework of our model, the data require a magnetic field scaling with thermal electron density as B(r) ∝ ne(r). The best model has a central magnetic field (within a 200 kpc radius) of 2.8$\pm 0.1 \ \mu$G. The average magnetic field at the position of the eastern relic is $\sim 0.3 \ \mu$G, a factor 2.7 lower than the equipartition estimate.
Comparing inclination-dependent analyses of kilonova transients
Authors: Heinzel J , Coughlin M W , Dietrich T , Bulla M , Antier S , Christensen N , Coulter D A , Foley R J , Issa L , Khetan N 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The detection of the optical transient AT2017gfo proved that binary neutron star mergers are progenitors of kilonovae (KNe). Using a combination of numerical-relativity and radiative-transfer simulations, the community has developed sophisticated models for these transients for a wide portion of the expected parameter space. Using these simulations and surrogate models made from them, it has been possible to perform Bayesian inference of the observed signals to infer properties of the ejected matter. It has been pointed out that combining inclination constraints derived from the KN with gravitational-wave measurements increases the accuracy with which binary parameters can be estimated, in particular breaking the distance-inclination degeneracy from gravitational wave inference. To avoid bias from the unknown ejecta geometry, constraints on the inclination angle for AT2017gfo should be insensitive to the employed models. In this work, we compare different assumptions about the ejecta and radiative reprocesses used by the community and we investigate their impact on the parameter inference. While most inferred parameters agree, we find disagreement between posteriors for the inclination angle for different geometries that have been used in the current literature. According to our study, the inclusion of reprocessing of the photons between different ejecta types improves the modeling fits to AT2017gfo and, in some cases, affects the inferred constraints. Our study motivates the inclusion of large ∼ 1-mag uncertainties in the KN models employed for Bayesian analysis to capture yet unknown systematics, especially when inferring inclination angles, although smaller uncertainties seem appropriate to capture model systematics for other intrinsic parameters. We can use this method to impose soft constraints on the ejecta geometry of the KN AT2017gfo.
Dynamical evolution of massive perturbers in realistic multicomponent galaxy models I: implementation and validation
Authors: Bonetti Matteo , Bortolas Elisa , Lupi Alessandro , Dotti Massimo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxies are self-gravitating structures composed by several components encompassing spherical, axial, and triaxial symmetry. Although real systems feature heterogeneous components whose properties are intimately connected, semi-analytical approaches often exploit the linearity of the Poisson’s equation to represent the potential and mass distribution of a multicomponent galaxy as the sum of the individual components. In this work, we expand the semi-analytical framework developed in Bonetti et al. (2020) by including both a detailed implementation of the gravitational potential of exponential disc (modelled with a sech2 and an exponential vertical profile) and an accurate prescription for the dynamical friction experienced by massive perturbers (MP) in composite galaxy models featuring rotating disc structures. Such improvements allow us to evolve arbitrary orbits either within or outside the galactic disc plane. We validate the results obtained by our numerical model against public semi-analytical codes as well as full N-body simulations, finding that our model is in excellent agreement to the codes it is compared with. The ability to reproduce the relevant physical processes responsible for the evolution of MP orbits and its computational efficiency make our framework perfectly suited for large parameter-space exploration studies.