LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE EXAMPLE OF “MEDOBORY” NATURE RESERVE DURING 2006-2020
Authors: Bugalska Iryna 
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the main meteorological indicators, given according to the data of hydrometeorological post in the village of Hrymailiv for the last fifteen years, is presented. The dynamics of changes in the average annual, monthly and daily, minimum, maximum air temperatures, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc. has been studied for the Nature Reserve "Medobory", the analysis of climatic features of months for the period of 2006-2020 is carried out. The temperature mode of the Reserve during the year is marked by considerable fluctuations of temperatures: from + 18,9ºС in July to -4,7ºС in January. The established duration of seasons is marked by strong variability, which is a sign of climate changing: the shortest and latest winter in the period of investigation recorded in 2016, began on December 29 and lasted 42 days, and the longest one - in 2018, lasted 130 days; the longest spring was in 2020 - 116 days, the shortest one - in 2018, lasted 30 days. The longest summer in 2018 lasted 147 days; in 2017-2018 a significant decrease in average daily air temperatures in the first half of July was observed; August and September parts of summer in 2016-2020 were hot, with fairly high maximums and very little precipitation. The latest beginning of autumn for the entire observation period is September 27, 2020, the shortest season - in 2016, only 53 days. The duration of autumn decreases, the average value reaches 75 days, the duration of summer increases - 112 days. It is noted that the nature of precipitation has changed - rain falls in the form of heavy, short-term showers, for one downpour the monthly norm of precipitations can fall out; over the last five years, the average length of the growing season has increased by 19 days and 13 days more than the average for fifteen years, the sum of active temperatures above the average for the last five years by 299.3ºC, for the last fifteen years - by 183.5ºС. On the territory of the Nature Reserve "Medobory" other local manifestations of climate changing were recorded, expressed as follows: the average annual air temperature over the past five years increased by 0.5 ° C (the warmest for the entire observation period was 2020 with an average temperature of 10, 1ºС, just then there were 43 days in winter (61%) with positive daily average air temperatures); meteorological natural phenomena of nature became more frequent: heavy rains, snowfalls, heavy hail showers, ice, fogs, dust storms, ice frosting-up; exceeded the maximum air temperature for the last five years: October 3, 2016 (27.0 ° C), August 3, 2017 (38.5 ° C), May 25, 2018 (34.0 ° C), 21 June 2018 (34.0ºC), March 31, 2019 (21.2ºC), and the minimum - June 8, 2016 (0.0°C), July 7, 2017 (4.7°C), September 30, 2018 (-2.5°C), April 1, 2020 (-7.0°C). The latest spring light frost recorded on May 22, 2020 (-1.0ºC), which led to mass frosting-up of herbaceous plant species. Every autumn at the end of September, light frosts are already registered: -1.5ºC - September 28, 2016, -1.0ºC and -0.9ºC - September 29 and September 30, 2017, -2.5ºC - September 30, 2018, - 1.8ºС - September 21, 2019, -1.0ºС - September 19, 2020, the last one - the earliest during the observation period and also in the summer part of September. For the first time in 2020, the relative humidity in March was 16% below normal, mainly due to the second and third decades (58% and 47% correspondingly), in April it was only 39% - 27% below normal. Such deviations were not observed even in the dry summer and autumn months.
Key words: air temperature, precipitation, climatic seasons, meteorological natural phenomena.