bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renormalization functions of the tricritical O(N)-symmetric Φ6 model beyond the next-to-leading order in 1/N
Authors: Sakhi S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate higher-order corrections to the effective potential of the tricritical O(N)-symmetric

Φ

6

model in 3-2ε dimensions in its phase exhibiting spontaneous breaking of its scale symmetry. The renormalization group β-function and the anomalous dimension γ of this model are computed up to the next-to-next-to-leading order in the1/N expansion technique and using a dimensional regularization in a minimal subtraction scheme.
Using pulsed mode scanning electron microscopy for cathodoluminescence studies on hybrid perovskite films
Authors: Ferrer Orri Jordi , Tennyson Elizabeth M , Kusch Gunnar , Divitini Giorgio , Macpherson Stuart , Oliver Rachel A , Ducati Caterina , Stranks Samuel D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of pulsed mode scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence (CL) for both hyperspectral mapping and time-resolved measurements is found to be useful for the study of hybrid perovskite films, a class of ionic semiconductors that have been shown to be beam sensitive. A range of acquisition parameters is analysed, including beam current and beam mode (either continuous or pulsed operation), and their effect on the CL emission is discussed. Under optimized acquisition conditions, using a pulsed electron beam, the heterogeneity of the emission properties of hybrid perovskite films can be resolved via the acquisition of CL hyperspectral maps. These optimized parameters also enable the acquisition of time-resolved CL of polycrystalline films, showing significantly shorter lived charge carriers dynamics compared to the photoluminescence analogue, hinting at additional electron beam-specimen interactions to be further investigated. This work represents a promising step to investigate hybrid perovskite semiconductors at the nanoscale with CL.
Electrospinning fabrication of polystyrene-silica hybrid fibrous membrane for high-efficiency air filtration
Authors: Tang Hongzhe , Han Dong , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of new materials for air filtration and particulate matter (PM) pollution is critical to solving global environmental issues that threaten human health and accelerate the greenhouse effect. In this study, a novel electrospun polystyrene-SiO2 nanoparticle (PS-SNP) fibrous membrane was explored by a single-step strategy to obtain the composite multi-layered filter masks. In addition, the air filtration performance of this fibrous membrane for PM was evaluated. The effects of SiO2 on the composition, morphology, mechanical property, and surface wetting of PS-SNP membranes were studied. Allowing SiO2 to be incorporated into the PS polymer was endowed with promising superhydrophobicity and demonstrated excellent mechanical properties. As-prepared PS-SNP membranes possess significantly better filtration efficiency than pure PS membrane. Furthermore, a three-layered air filter media (viscose/PS-SNP/polyethylene terephthalate) used in this study has considerable performances compared to the commercial masks. Since this air filtration membrane has excellent features such as high air filtration and permeability, we anticipate it to have huge potential application in air filtration systems, including cleanroom, respirator, and protective clothing.
Bistability in the polarity circuit of yeast
Authors: Errede Beverly , Hladyshau Siarhei , Nivedita Nivedita , Tsygankov Denis , Elston Timothy C. 
Published: May 2021

Cells polarize their growth or movement in many different physiological contexts. A key driver of polarity is the Rho GTPase Cdc42, which when activated becomes clustered or concentrated at polar sites. Multiple models for polarity establishment have been proposed. All of them rely on positive feedback to reinforce regions of high Cdc42 activity. Positive feedback can lead to bistability, a scenario in which cells can exist in either a polarized or unpolarized state under identical external conditions. Determining if the signaling circuit that drives Cdc42 polarity is bistable would provide important information about the mechanism that underlies polarity establishment and insights into the design features required for proper cellular function. We studied polarity establishment during the mating response of yeast. Using microfluidics to precisely control the temporal profile of mating pheromone and live-cell imaging to monitor the polarity process in single living cells, we found that the polarity circuit of yeast shows hysteresis, a characteristic feature of bistable systems. Our analysis also revealed that cells exposed to high pheromone concentrations rapidly lose polarity following a precipitous removal of pheromone. We used a reaction-diffusion model for polarity establishment to demonstrate that delayed negative regulation is sufficient to explain our experimental results. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]
The 3D-Transition Study: Objectives, Methods, and Implementation of an Innovative Planned Missing-Data Design
Authors: Rioux Charlie , Parent Sophie , Castellanos-Ryan Natalie , Archambault Isabelle , Boivin Michel , Herba Catherine M , Lupien Sonia J , Marc Isabelle , Muckle Gina , Fraser William D , Séguin Jean R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of mental health problems represents a significant burden on school and community health resources as early as preschool. Reducing this burden requires a better understanding of the developmental mechanisms linking children’s early vulnerabilities with mental health after the transition to formal schooling. The 3D-Transition Study (2017–2021) follows 939 participants from a pregnancy cohort in the province of Québec, Canada, as they transition to kindergarten and first grade to examine these mechanisms. Biannual assessments include completed questionnaires from 2 parents as well as teachers, parent-child observations, anthropometric measurements, and age-sensitive cognitive assessments. Saliva is also collected on 11 days over a 16-month period in a subsample of 384 participants to examine possible changes in child salivary cortisol levels across the school transition and their role in difficulties observed during the transition. A combination of planned missing-data designs is being implemented to reduce participant burden, where incomplete data are collected without introducing bias after the use of multiple imputation. The 3D-Transition Study will contribute to an evidence-based developmental framework of child mental health from pregnancy to school age. In turn, this framework can help inform prevention programs delivered in health-care settings during pregnancy and in child-care centers, preschools, and schools.
Serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles in acute SARS-CoV-2-associated neurological syndromes
Authors: Paterson Ross W , Benjamin Laura A , Mehta Puja R , Brown Rachel L , Athauda Dilan , Ashton Nicholas J , Leckey Claire A , Ziff Oliver J , Heaney Judith , Heslegrave Amanda J , Benedet Andrea L , Blennow Kaj , Checkley Anna M , Houlihan Catherine F , Mummery Catherine J , Lunn Michael P , Manji Hadi , Zandi Michael S , Keddie Stephen , Chou Michael , Vinayan Changaradil Deepthi , Solomon Tom , Keshavan Ashvini , Barker Suzanne , Jäger Hans Rolf , Carletti Francesco , Simister Robert , Werring David J , Spyer Moira J , Nastouli Eleni , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro ,   The UCLH Queen Square COVID-19 Biomarker Study Group, Ashraghi Mohammed R , Balendra Rubika , Kumar Guru , Lim Soon Tjin , Longley Nicki , Samra Kiran , Chandratheva Arvind , Cohen Hannah , Efthymiou Maria , Zambreanu Laura , Foulkes Alexander , Zetterberg Henrik , Schott Jonathan M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreliminary pathological and biomarker data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection can damage the nervous system. To understand what, where and how damage occurs, we collected serum and CSF from patients with COVID-19 and characterized neurological syndromes involving the PNS and CNS (n = 34). We measured biomarkers of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation, and compared these with non-neurological control groups, which included patients with (n = 94) and without (n = 24) COVID-19. We detected increased concentrations of neurofilament light, a dynamic biomarker of neuronal damage, in the CSF of those with CNS inflammation (encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) [14 800 pg/ml (400, 32 400)], compared to those with encephalopathy [1410 pg/ml (756, 1446)], peripheral syndromes (Guillain–Barré syndrome) [740 pg/ml (507, 881)] and controls [872 pg/ml (654, 1200)]. Serum neurofilament light levels were elevated across patients hospitalized with COVID-19, irrespective of neurological manifestations. There was not the usual close correlation between CSF and serum neurofilament light, suggesting serum neurofilament light elevation in the non-neurological patients may reflect peripheral nerve damage in response to severe illness. We did not find significantly elevated levels of serum neurofilament light in community cases of COVID-19 arguing against significant neurological damage. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocytic activation, was not elevated in the CSF or serum of any group, suggesting astrocytic activation is not a major mediator of neuronal damage in COVID-19.
Desirability of Outcome Ranking for the Management of Antimicrobial Therapy (DOOR MAT) Reveals Improvements in the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Patients from the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Perez Federico , Colindres Roberto Viau , Wilson Brigid M , Saade Elie , Jump Robin L P , Banerjee Ritu , Patel Robin , Evans Scott R , Bonomo Robert A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Reductions in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a cornerstone of antimicrobial stewardship. We aim to demonstrate use of the Desirability of Outcome Ranking Approach for the Management of Antimicrobial Therapy (DOOR MAT) to evaluate the treatment of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in patients from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) across a decade.

Methods
Using electronic records, we determined empiric and definitive antibiotic treatments, clinical characteristics, and 30-day mortality of patients with monomicrobial E. coli and K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections hospitalized in VHA medical centers from 2009 to 2018. Focusing on patients treated with parenteral β-lactams and with available antibiotic susceptibility testing results, we applied a range of DOOR MAT scores that reflect the desirability of antibiotic choices according to spectrum and activity against individual isolates. We report trends in resistance and desirability of empiric and definitive antibiotic treatments.

Results
During the 10-year period analyzed, resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones increased in E. coli but not in K. pneumoniae, while resistance to carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam remained unchanged. In 6451 cases analyzed, we observed improvements in DOOR MAT scores consistent with deescalation. Improvement in desirability of definitive treatment compared with empiric treatment occurred in 26% of cases, increasing from 16% in 2009 to 34% in 2018. Reductions in overtreatment were sustained and without negative impact on survival.

Conclusions
DOOR MAT provides a framework to assess antibiotic treatment of E. coli and K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections and can be a useful metric in antimicrobial stewardship.
Cruise Ship Travel in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Summary of Outbreaks and a Model of Public Health Interventions
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J , Prasad Pragati V , Rodriguez Andrea , Fukunaga Rena , Novak Ryan T , Ahart Lauren , Reynolds Jared , Griffin Isabel , Wiegand Ryan , Quilter Laura A S , Morrison Stephanie , Jenkins Keisha , Wall Hilary K , Treffiletti Aimee , White Stefanie B , Regan Joanna , Tardivel Kara , Freeland Amy , Brown Clive , Wolford Hannah , Johansson Michael A , Cetron Martin S , Slayton Rachel B , Friedman Cindy R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Cruise travel contributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission when there were relatively few cases in the United States. By 14 March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a No Sail Order suspending US cruise operations; the last US passenger ship docked on 16 April.

Methods
We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on cruises in US waters or carrying US citizens and used regression models to compare voyage characteristics. We used compartmental models to simulate the potential impact of 4 interventions (screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms; viral testing on 2 days and isolation of positive persons; reduction of passengers by 40%, crew by 20%, and reducing port visits to 1) for 7-day and 14-day voyages.

Results
During 19 January to 16 April 2020, 89 voyages on 70 ships had known SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks; 16 ships had recurrent outbreaks. There were 1669 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 29 confirmed deaths. Longer voyages were associated with more cases (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.17, P &lt; .003). Mathematical models showed that 7-day voyages had about 70% fewer cases than 14-day voyages. On 7-day voyages, the most effective interventions were reducing the number of individuals onboard (43.3% reduction in total infections) and testing passengers and crew (42% reduction in total infections). All four interventions reduced transmission by 80.1%, but no single intervention or combination eliminated transmission. Results were similar for 14-day voyages.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on cruises were common during January–April 2020. Despite all interventions modeled, cruise travel still poses a significant SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk.
Secure and Differentiated Fog-Assisted Data Access for Internet of Things
Authors: Yu Ping , Ni Wei , Zhang Hua , Ping Liu Ren , Wen Qiaoyan , Li Wenmin , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ability of Fog computing to admit and process huge volumes of heterogeneous data is the catalyst for the fast expansion of Internet of things (IoT). The critical challenge is secure and differentiated access to the data, given limited computation capability and trustworthiness in typical IoT devices and Fog servers, respectively. This paper designs and develops a new approach for secure, efficient and differentiated data access. Secret sharing is decoupled to allow the Fog servers to assist the IoT devices with attribute-based encryption of data while preventing the Fog servers from tampering with the data and the access structure. The proposed encryption supports direct revocation and can be decoupled among multiple Fog servers for acceleration. Based on the decisional $q$-parallel bilinear Diffie–Hellman exponent assumption, we propose a new extended $q$-parallel bilinear Diffie–Hellman exponent (E$q$-PBDHE) assumption and prove that the proposed approach provides ‘indistinguishably chosen-plaintext attacks secure’ data access for legitimate data subscribers. As numerically and experimentally verified, the proposed approach is able to reduce the encryption time by 20% at the IoT devices and by 50% at the Fog network using parallel computing as compared to the state of the art .
LraSched: Admitting More Long-Running Applications via Auto-Estimating Container Size and Affinity
Authors: Cai Binlei , Guo Qin , Yu Junfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many long-running applications (LRAs) are increasingly using containerization in shared production clusters. To achieve high resource efficiency and LRA performance, one of the key decisions made by existing cluster schedulers is the placement of LRA containers within a cluster. However, they fail to account for estimating the size and affinity of LRA containers before executing placement. We present LraSched, a cluster scheduler that places LRA containers onto machines based on their sizes and affinities while providing consistently high performance. LraSched introduces an automated method that leverages historical data and collects new information to estimate container size and affinity for an LRA. Specifically, it uses an online machine learning method to map a new incoming LRA to previous workloads from which we can transfer experience and recommends the amount of resources (size) and the degree of collocation (affinity) for the containers of the new incoming LRA. By means of recommendations, LraSched adapts the heuristic for vector bin packing to LRA scheduling and places LRA containers in a manner that both maximizes the number of LRAs deployed and minimizes the resource fragmentation, but without affecting LRA performance. Testbed and simulation experiments show that LraSched can improve the resource utilization by up to 6.2% while meeting performance constraints for LRAs.
Utility of wearable physical activity monitors in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of 11 464 patients and recommendations for optimal use
Authors: Hammond-Haley Matthew , Allen Christopher , Han Jennie , Patterson Tiffany , Marber Michael , Redwood Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsPhysical activity (PA) plays an important role in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), functioning as a marker of disease progression and response to therapy. Real-world measurement of habitual PA is now possible through wearable activity monitors, however, their use in cardiovascular patients is not well described.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic review to summarize how wearable activity monitors have been used to measure PA in patients with CVD, with 11 464 patients included across 108 studies. Activity monitors were primarily used in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (46, 43%). Most often, triaxial accelerometers (70, 65%) were instructed to be worn at the hip (58, 54%) for 7 days (n = 54, 50%). Thirty-nine different activity monitors were used, with a range of accelerometer specific settings for collection and reporting of activity data. Activity was reported most commonly as time spent in metabolic equivalent-defined activity levels (49, 45%), while non-wear time was defined in just 16 (15%) studies.ConclusionThe collecting, processing, and reporting of accelerometer-related outcomes were highly heterogeneous. Most validation studies are limited to healthy young adults, while the paucity of methodological information disclosed renders interpretation of results and cross-study comparison challenging. While accelerometers are promising tools to measure real-world PA, we highlight current challenges facing their use in elderly multimorbid cardiology patients. We suggest recommendations to guide investigators using these devices in cardiovascular research. Future work is required to determine optimal methodology and consensus-based development of meaningful outcomes using raw acceleration data.
SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions
Authors:   SCORE2-OP working group and ESC Cardiovascular risk collaboration, de Vries Tamar I , Cooney Marie Therese , Selmer Randi M , Hageman Steven H J , Pennells Lisa A , Wood Angela , Kaptoge Stephen , Xu Zhe , Westerink Jan , Rabanal Kjersti S , Tell Grethe S , Meyer Haakon E , Igland Jannicke , Ariansen Inger , Matsushita Kunihiro , Blaha Michael J , Nambi Vijay , Peters Ruth , Beckett Nigel , Antikainen Riitta , Bulpitt Christopher J , Muller Majon , Emmelot-Vonk Marielle H , Trompet Stella , Jukema Wouter , Ference Brian A , Halle Martin , Timmis Adam D , Vardas Panos E , Dorresteijn Jannick A N , De Bacquer Dirk , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Visseren Frank L J , Graham Ian M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to derive and validate the SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) risk model to estimate 5- and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals aged over 70 years in four geographical risk regions.

Methods and results
Sex-specific competing risk-adjusted models for estimating CVD risk (CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke) were derived in individuals aged over 65 without pre-existing atherosclerotic CVD from the Cohort of Norway (28 503 individuals, 10 089 CVD events). Models included age, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Four geographical risk regions were defined based on country-specific CVD mortality rates. Models were recalibrated to each region using region-specific estimated CVD incidence rates and risk factor distributions. For external validation, we analysed data from 6 additional study populations {338 615 individuals, 33 219 CVD validation cohorts, C-indices ranged between 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.65] and 0.67 (0.64–0.69)}. Regional calibration of expected-vs.-observed risks was satisfactory. For given risk factor profiles, there was substantial variation across the four risk regions in the estimated 10-year CVD event risk.

Conclusions
The competing risk-adjusted SCORE2-OP model was derived, recalibrated, and externally validated to estimate 5- and 10-year CVD risk in older adults (aged 70 years or older) in four geographical risk regions. These models can be used for communicating the risk of CVD and potential benefit from risk factor treatment and may facilitate shared decision-making between clinicians and patients in CVD risk management in older persons.
Combined gene therapy via VEGF and mini-dystrophin synergistically improves pathologies in temporalis muscle of dystrophin/utrophin double knockout mice
Authors: Xin Can , Chu Xiangyu , Wei Wenzhong , Kuang Biao , Wang Yiqing , Tang Ying , Chen Jincao , You Hongbo , Li Chengwen , Wang Bing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked inherited muscular disorder characterized by the loss of dystrophin. We have previously shown that monogene therapy using the mini-dystrophin gene improves muscle function in DMD. However, chronic inflammation plays an important role in progressive muscle degeneration in DMD as well. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been used to enhance muscle vasculature, reduce local inflammation and improve DMD muscle function. Temporalis muscles are the key skeletal muscles for mastication and loss of their function negatively affects DMD patient quality of life by reducing nutritional intake, but little is known about the pathology and treatment of the temporalis muscle in DMD. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the combined delivery of the human mini-dystrophin and human VEGF genes to the temporalis muscles using separate recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors will synergistically improve muscle function and pathology in adult male dystrophin/utrophin double-knockout (mdx/utrn+/−) mice. The experimental mice were divided into four groups including: dystrophin + VEGF combined, dystrophin only, VEGF only and PBS control. After 2 months, gene expression and histological analysis of the temporalis muscles showed a synergistic improvement in temporalis muscle pathology and function coincident with increased restoration of dystrophin-associated protein complexes and nNOS in the dystrophin + VEGF combined group. We also observed significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, central nucleation, and fibrosis in the dystrophin + VEGF combined group. We have demonstrated the efficacy of combined rAAV-mediated dystrophin and VEGF treatment of temporalis muscles in a DMD mouse model.