bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of surgical patients in the emergency setting during COVID-19 pandemic: the WSES position paper
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Chouillard Elie , Sartelli Massimo , Biffl Walter L. , Di Saverio Salomone , Moore Ernest E. , Kluger Yoram , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Ansaloni Luca , Coccolini Federico , Leppänemi Ari , Peitzmann Andrew B. , Pagani Leonardo , Fraga Gustavo P. , Paolillo Ciro , Picetti Edoardo , Valentino Massimo , Pikoulis Emmanouil , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Catena Fausto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, nations showed their unpreparedness to deal with a mass casualty incident of this proportion and severity, which resulted in a tremendous number of deaths even among healthcare workers. The World Society of Emergency Surgery conceived this position paper with the purpose of providing evidence-based recommendations for the management of emergency surgical patients under COVID-19 pandemic for the safety of the patient and healthcare workers.

Method
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) through the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and SCOPUS databases. Synthesis of evidence, statements and recommendations were developed in accordance with the GRADE methodology.

Results
Given the limitation of the evidence, the current document represents an effort to join selected high-quality articles and experts’ opinion.

Conclusions
The aim of this position paper is to provide an exhaustive guidelines to perform emergency surgery in a safe and protected environment for surgical patients and for healthcare workers under COVID-19 and to offer the best management of COVID-19 patients needing for an emergency surgical treatment.
We recommend screening for COVID-19 infection at the emergency department all acute surgical patients who are waiting for hospital admission and urgent surgery. The screening work-up provides a RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab test and a baseline (non-contrast) chest CT or a chest X-ray or a lungs US, depending on skills and availability. If the COVID-19 screening is not completed we recommend keeping the patient in isolation until RT-PCR swab test result is not available, and to manage him/she such as an overt COVID patient.
The management of COVID-19 surgical patients is multidisciplinary.
If an immediate surgical procedure is mandatory, whether laparoscopic or via open approach, we recommend doing every effort to protect the operating room staff for the safety of the patient.
Morquio A syndrome and effect of enzyme replacement therapy in different age groups of Turkish patients: a case series
Authors: Kılavuz Sebile , Basaran Sibel , Kor Deniz , Bulut Fatma Derya , Erdem Sevcan , Ballı Hüseyin Tuğsan , Dağkıran Muhammed , Bisgin Atil , Mungan Halise Neslihan Önenli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This case series includes longitudinal clinical data of ten patients with Morquio A syndrome from south and southeastern parts of Turkey, which were retrospectively collected from medical records. All patients received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Clinical data collected included physical appearance, anthropometric data, neurological and psychological examinations, cardiovascular evaluation, pulmonary function tests, eye and ear-nose-throat examinations, endurance in the 6-min walk test and/or 3-min stair climb test, joint range of motion, and skeletal investigations (X-rays, bone mineral density).

Results
At the time of ERT initiation, two patients were infants (1.8 and 2.1 years), five were children (3.4–7.1 years), and three were adults (16.5–39.5 years). Patients had up to 4 years follow-up. Most patients had classical Morquio A, based on genotypic and phenotypic data. Endurance was considerably reduced in all patients, but remained relatively stable or increased over time in most cases after treatment initiation. Length/height fell below normal growth curves, except in the two infants who started ERT at ≤ 2.1 years of age. All patients had skeletal and/or joint abnormalities when ERT was started. Follow-up data did not suggest improvements in skeletal abnormalities, except in one of the younger infants. Nine patients had corneal clouding, which resolved after treatment initiation in the two infants, but not in the other patients. Hepatomegaly was reported in seven patients and resolved with treatment in five of them. Other frequent findings at treatment initiation were coarse facial features (N = 9), hearing loss (N = 6), and cardiac abnormalities (N = 6). Cardiac disease deteriorated over time in three patients, but did not progress in the others.

Conclusions
Overall, this case series with Morquio A patients confirms clinical trial data showing long-term stabilization of endurance after treatment initiation across ages and suggest that very early initiation of ERT optimizes growth outcomes.
Patient safety from the perspective of quality management frameworks: a review
Authors: Shenoy Amrita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatient safety is one of the overarching goals of patient care and quality management. Of the many quality management frameworks, Beauchamp and Childress’s four principles of biomedical ethics presents aspects of patient centeredness in clinical care. The Institute of Medicine’s six aims for improvement encapsulates elements of high-quality patient care. The Institute of Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim focuses on three aspects of care, cost, and health. Given the above frameworks, the present review was designed to emphasize the initiatives the system has taken to address various efforts of improving quality and patient safety. We, hereby, present a contemplative review of the concepts of informed consent, informed refusal, healthcare laws, policy programs, and regulations. The present review, furthermore, outlines measures and policies that management and administration implement and enforce, respectively, to ensure patient centered care. We, conclusively, explore prototype policies such as the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment Program that imbues the elements of quality management frameworks, Hospital-Acquired Conditions Reduction Program that supports patient safety, and Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program that focuses on curbing readmissions.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens In Tumor Surgery (PARITY): a multi-center randomized controlled study comparing alternative antibiotic regimens in patients undergoing tumor resections with endoprosthetic replacements—a statistical analysis plan
Authors:   on behalf of the PARITY Investigators, Schneider Patricia , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Thabane Lehana , Ghert Michelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimb salvage with endoprosthetic reconstruction is the current standard practice for the surgical management of lower extremity bone tumors in skeletally mature patients and typically includes tumor resection followed by the functional limb reconstruction with modular metallic and polyethylene endoprosthetic implants. However, owing to the complexity and length of these procedures, as well as the immunocompromised nature of patients treated with chemotherapy, the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) is high. The primary research objective of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens In Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial is to assess whether a 5-day regimen of post-operative antibiotics decreases the risk of SSI at 1 year post-operatively compared to a 1-day regimen. This article describes the statistical analysis plan for the PARITY trial.Methods/designThe PARITY trial is an ongoing multi-center, blinded parallel two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 600 participants who have been diagnosed with a primary bone tumor, a soft tissue sarcoma that has invaded the bone or oligometastatic bone disease of the femur or tibia that requires surgical resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction. This article describes the overall analysis principles, including how participants will be included in each analysis, the presentation of results, adjustments for covariates, the primary and secondary outcomes, and their respective analyses. Additionally, we will present the planned sensitivity and sub-group analyses.DiscussionOur prior work has demonstrated (1) high rates of SSI after the treatment of lower extremity tumors by surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction, (2) highly varied opinion and practice among orthopedic oncologists with respect to prophylactic antibiotic regimens, (3) an absence of applicable RCT evidence, (4) extensive support from international investigators to participate in a RCT, and (5) the feasibility of conducting a definitive RCT to evaluate a 5-day regimen of post-operative antibiotics in comparison with a 1-day regimen.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT01479283. Registered on 24 November 2011
Mucosa‐associated cultivable aerobic gut bacterial microbiota among colorectal cancer patients attending at the referral hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Siraj Yesuf Adem , Biadgelign Melesse Gebeyehu , Yassin Mensur Osman , Chekol Yohannes Zenebe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten causes of cancer deaths in the world. Despite an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer has been documented from developing countries, there is no any report regarding gut microbiota among colorectal cancer patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study evaluated cultivable aerobic gut bacterial distributions among malignant and its adjacent normal biopsies of CRC patients.

Methods
CRC patients who were under colorectal cancer resection surgery during April 2017 to February 2018 at Felege Hiwot Referral and University of Gondar Teaching Hospitals enrolled in the study. Biopsy specimens were taken from malignant and its adjacent normal-appearing tissues. Bacterial cultivation, quantification and characterization of saline washed biopsies were performed under aerobic and candle jar conditions. Differences in bacterial microbiota compositions between malignant and normal tissue biopsies were evaluated and analyzed using Microsoft excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism5 statistical software.

Results
Fifteen CRC patients were participated with a mean age of 53.8 ± 10.8 years old and majorities (73.3 %) of patients were in between the age groups of 40 and 60 years old. The mean ± SD bacterial microbiota of malignant biopsies (3.2 × 105 ± 1.6 × 105 CFU/ml) was significantly fewer than that of adjacent normal tissue biopsies (4.0 × 105 ± 2.2 × 105 CFU/ml). This dysbacteriosis is positively correlated with the occurrence of CRC (p = 0.019). Proteobacteria (55.6 %), Firmicutes (33.3 %) and Fusobacteria (11.1 %) were the most frequently isolated phyla from non-malignant biopsies while only Proteobacteria (58.8 %) and Firmicutes (41.2 %) were from malignant ones. Family level differences were observed among phyla (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) isolated from the study participants. For instance, the relative abundance of family Bacillaceae from malignant (26 %) was lower than the normal biopsies (39 %). On other hand, family Enterobacteriaceae was twice more abundant in malignant tissues (45 %) than in its matched normal tissues (23 %). Furthermore, the family Enterococcaceae (14 %) of phylum Firmicutes was solely isolated from malignant tissue biopsies.

Conclusions
The overall microbial composition of normal and malignant tissues was considerably different among the study participants. Further culture independent analysis of mucosal microbiota will provide detail pictures of microbial composition differences and pathogenesis of CRC in Ethiopian settings.
New Ther1-derived SINE Squam3 in scaled reptiles
Authors: Vassetzky Nikita S. , Kosushkin Sergei A. , Korchagin Vitaly I. , Ryskov Alexey P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
SINEs comprise a significant part of animal genomes and are used to study the evolution of diverse taxa. Despite significant advances in SINE studies in vertebrates and higher eukaryotes in general, their own evolution is poorly understood.

Results
We have discovered and described in detail a new Squam3 SINE specific for scaled reptiles (Squamata). The subfamilies of this SINE demonstrate different distribution in the genomes of squamates, which together with the data on similar SINEs in the tuatara allowed us to propose a scenario of their evolution in the context of reptilian evolution.

Conclusions
Ancestral SINEs preserved in small numbers in most genomes can give rise to taxa-specific SINE families. Analysis of this aspect of SINEs can shed light on the history and mechanisms of SINE variation in reptilian genomes.
A competing risk joint model for dealing with different types of missing data in an intervention trial in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: van Oudenhoven Floor M. , Swinkels Sophie H. N. , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Hartmann Tobias , Rizopoulos Dimitris ,   on behalf of the LipiDiDiet clinical study group, Hartmann Tobias , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina , Visser Pieter Jelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Missing data can complicate the interpretability of a clinical trial, especially if the proportion is substantial and if there are different, potentially outcome-dependent causes.

Methods
We aimed to obtain unbiased estimates, in the presence of a high level of missing data, for the intervention effects in a prodromal Alzheimer’s disease trial: the LipiDiDiet study. We used a competing risk joint model that can simultaneously model each patient’s longitudinal outcome trajectory in combination with the timing and type of missingness.

Results
Using the competing risk joint model, we were able to provide unbiased estimates of the intervention effects in the presence of the different types of missingness. For the LipiDiDiet study, the intervention effects remained statistically significant after this correction for the timing and type of missingness.

Conclusion
Missing data is a common problem in (Alzheimer) clinical trials. It is important to realize that statistical techniques make specific assumptions about the missing data mechanisms. When there are different missing data sources, a competing risk joint model is a powerful method because it can explicitly model the association between the longitudinal data and each type of missingness.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Register, NTR1705. Registered on 9 March 2009
Improvement of ECM-based bioroot regeneration via N-acetylcysteine-induced antioxidative effects
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Lan Tingting , Han Xue , Xu Yuchan , Liao Li , Xie Li , Yang Bo , Tian Weidong , Guo Weihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The low survival rate or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered organs caused by the adverse effects of unfavourable local microenvironments on seed cell viability and stemness, especially the effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompted us to examine the importance of controlling oxidative damage for tissue transplantation and regeneration. We sought to improve the tolerance of seed cells to the transplant microenvironment via antioxidant pathways, thus promoting transplant efficiency and achieving better tissue regeneration.

Methods
We improved the antioxidative properties of ECM-based bioroots with higher glutathione contents in dental follicle stem cells (DFCs) by pretreating cells or loading scaffolds with the antioxidant NAC. Additionally, we developed an in situ rat alveolar fossa implantation model to evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of NAC in bioroot transplantation.

Results
The results showed that NAC decreased H2O2-induced cellular damage and maintained the differentiation potential of DFCs. The transplantation experiments further verified that NAC protected the biological properties of DFCs by repressing replacement resorption or ankylosis, thus facilitating bioroot regeneration.

Conclusions
The following findings suggest that NAC could significantly protect stem cell viability and stemness during oxidative stress and exert better and prolonged effects in bioroot intragrafts.
Empirical likelihood inference for threshold autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model
Authors: Peng Cuixin , Zhao Zhiwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the parameter estimation problem of a first-order threshold autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model by using the empirical likelihood method. We obtain the empirical likelihood ratio statistic based on the estimating equation of the least squares estimation and construct the confidence region for the model parameters. Simulation studies indicate that the empirical likelihood method outperforms the normal approximation-based method in terms of coverage probability.
A divided differences based medium to analyze smoothness of the binary bivariate refinement schemes
Authors: Hameed Rabia , Mustafa Ghulam , Baleanu Dumitru , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present the continuity analysis of the 3D models produced by the tensor product scheme of $(m+1)$
(
m
+
1
)
-point binary refinement scheme. We use differences and divided differences of the bivariate refinement scheme to analyze its smoothness. The $C^{0}$

C
0

, $C^{1}$

C
1

and $C^{2}$

C
2

continuity of the general bivariate scheme is analyzed in our approach. This gives us some simple conditions in the form of arithmetic expressions and inequalities. These conditions require the mask and the complexity of the given refinement scheme to analyze its smoothness. Moreover, we perform several experiments by using these conditions on established schemes to verify the correctness of our approach. These experiments show that our results are easy to implement and are applicable for both interpolatory and approximating types of the schemes.
Bed management in psychiatry: ensuring that the patient perspective is not forgotten
Authors: Kotwal Tejas , Fluck Thomas , Valsraj Koravangattu 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYBed management and the transfer of patients is an area of clinical care that is frequently overlooked. Often, the lack of discussion leads to the patient perspective being ignored and to transfers to new hospitals without appropriate handovers, both to the detriment of patient outcomes. This article reflects on the real-world consequences of the bed management systems used within the UK's National Health Service (NHS), using the example of a patient in psychiatric services.
Multithermally invisible cloaks and sensors with complex shapes
Authors: Wang C. Q. , Xu L. J. , Jiang T. , Zhang L. , Huang J. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multithermal metamaterials are more practical to control thermal energy because there are three basic modes of thermal transport in nature. However, existing theories for multithermotics, such as the transformation theory and effective medium theory, are limited to complicated parameters or regular shapes. To solve the problem, we apply the thermal uniqueness theorem together with the heat flux conservation to design multithermal metamaterials including invisible cloaks and sensors. Multithermotics refers to the combination of conduction and radiation, which are described by the Fourier law and the Rosseland diffusion approximation, respectively. The present scheme can simplify parameters despite complex shapes, which only requires simple layered structures. We further perform finite-element simulations with different shapes to confirm the desired effects. These results provide guidance for multithermal management such as considering the combination of other basic modes of thermal transport.
Land Rights and Women’s Rights in Morocco
Authors: Eddouada Souad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, women leaders known as sulāliyāt from various parts of rural and semiurban Morocco, have been in the vanguard of local contestations over the privatization of communally held land. The stand taken by these rural women against neoliberal privatization policies sometimes puts them in direct confrontation with urban women reformers, whose claims in favor of a universal feminism reveal a value system outside local customary understandings of morality, gender, and land. This article aims to account for the emerging female leadership of the sulāliyāt that operates outside urban centers, but also beyond the universalist language of feminism related to abstract notions of female autonomy and gender equality. Deeply rooted in socioeconomic issues, including land expropriation and the displacement of local peasant populations in the name of reform, development, and a public common good, sulāliyāt tie gender dynamics to the intersectional structural inequalities produced and reproduced by land privatization and by the alliance between the open-market economy and patriarchal political authoritarianism. This article explores the subaltern agency of the sulāliyāt through an interdisciplinary examination of their leadership. The sulāliyāt challenge to official narratives of development and universalist human rights signals their capacity to formulate alternative local meanings of land ownership.
Addiction Becomes Normal in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Park Jaeyoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the past four decades, the discourse on addiction in the United States has dramatically changed. Most scholarly and popular accounts have depicted this change as an instance of “medicalization,” whereby medical definitions and imperatives have displaced those of morality, war, or criminal justice. This article seeks to revise that dominant characterization. In fact, the medicalization trend is only one part of a broader discursive shift, in which addiction has been normalized as a form of attachment and conduct—rendered ordinary, even predictable or natural, for a human life. The article reveals this shift through a set of historical readings across four venues in the period 1980–1993: scientific research, diagnostic protocols, judicial practice, and political rhetoric. More than an empirical advance, this shift in addiction discourse reflects a novel construction of the subject in our time.
Pericyte mechanics and mechanobiology
Authors: Dessalles Claire A. , Babataheri Avin , Barakat Abdul I. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Pericytes are mural cells of the microvasculature, recognized by their thin processes and protruding cell body. Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and play a central role in regulating various endothelial functions, including angiogenesis and inflammation. They also serve as a vascular support and regulate blood flow by contraction. Prior reviews have examined pericyte biological functions and biochemical signaling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the role of mechanics and mechanobiology in regulating pericyte function. After an overview of the morphology and structure of pericytes, we describe their interactions with both the basement membrane and endothelial cells. We then turn our attention to biophysical considerations, and describe contractile forces generated by pericytes, mechanical forces exerted on pericytes, and pericyte responses to these forces. Finally, we discuss 2D and 3D engineered in vitro models for studying pericyte mechano-responsiveness and underscore the need for more evolved models that provide improved understanding of pericyte function and dysfunction.