bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online relationship education programs improve individual and relationship functioning: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Spencer Chelsea M. , Anderson Jared R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOnline access to relationship enhancing educational resources are needed now more than ever, and there is a growing number of available programs for couples to choose. But, what is the evidence that these programs improve individual and relationship well‐being? We conducted a meta‐analysis, using random‐effects, examining individual and relationship outcomes of online relationship education programs. We identified 12 publications included in the analysis, and found that online relationship education programs produced significant effects in increasing relationship satisfaction, communication skills, relationship confidence, positive relationship qualities, and decreasing negative relationship qualities. At the individual‐level, we found that online relationship programs reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms, increased health satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Additionally, we found no differences related to gender, whether or not couples were identified as “distressed,” whether or not the programs were “enhanced,” or length of the program.
A review of inpatient nursing workload measures
Authors: Racy Stepney , Davidson Patricia M. , Peeler Anna , Hager David N. , Street Lara , Koirala Binu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFiscal constraints, an ageing populations and the increasing burden of chronic conditions are stressing health systems internationally. Nurses are the linchpin of effective healthcare delivery and their success is dependent on adequate staffing models, which must align knowledge, skills and competencies with workload.ObjectivesTo compare measures of nursing workload in adult inpatient settings.Design, data sources and review methodA review of published studies characterising nursing workload measures was undertaken. Databases—PubMed and CINHAL—were used to identify published studies. A description of the psychometric properties of each measure and its use in an inpatient setting was required for inclusion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to guide and report the review.ResultsOf the 1,422 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Nursing workload was measured in the intermediate care unit (n = 6), overall hospital (n = 7), emergency department (n = 1) and burn unit (n = 1) settings and also by mailed survey (n = 1). Eleven different workload measures were identified. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (n = 3), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (n = 3) and Nursing Activities Score (n = 2) were the most common nursing workload measures identified with reported psychometric properties.ConclusionResearchers, clinicians and hospital administrators should carefully identify and assess the psychometric properties of nursing workload measures before using these in routine practice.Relevance to clinical practiceGaining a consensus on effective nursing workload measures is a crucial step in designing appropriate staffing models and policies, improving nurse productivity and well‐being, as well as enhancing patient health outcomes in inpatient settings.
Circ‐LRP6 mediates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jiang Chunmiao , Ren Wenhao , Li Shaoming , Zheng Jingjing , Gao Yuli , Zhi Keqian , Gao Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumor metastasis seriously affects the therapeutic effect and prognosis of cancer patients. Here, we studied the role of has_circ_0000378 (circ‐LRP6) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis to explore new ideas and schemes for clinical treatment.MethodsThe expressions of circ‐LRP6 in OSCC and normal tissues from matched controls were measured by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). Levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors, P62 and LC3B, were determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of circ‐LRP6 downregulation on migration, invasion, and autophagy using CCK8, transwell assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence (IF) assay.ResultsThe expression of circ‐LRP6 in OSCC tissues was high. Downregulation of circ‐LRP6 reduced the EMT process of SCC‐15 cells, as evidenced by increased E‐cadherin and decreased vimentin and Zeb1 levels. Downregulation of circ‐LRP6 also decreased autophagy as shown by increased levels of P62 and decreased LC3B in SCC‐15 cells. Autophagy revulsant rapamycin (RAPA) rescued the inhibitory effect of circ‐LRP6 on LC3B, vimentin, and Zeb1.Conclusionscirc‐LRP6 promoted EMT and autophagy of OSCC and increased autophagy could rescue EMT in OSCC cells inhibited by circ‐LRP6 siRNA.
Teacher‐ versus researcher‐provided affirmation effects on students’ task engagement and positive perceptions of teachers
Authors: Smith Eric N. , Rozek Christopher S. , Manke Kody J. , Dweck Carol S. , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractValues‐affirmation interventions have the potential to improve students’ experience and achievement in school. Researchers have proposed that these benefits are greatest when affirmation exercises are delivered by teachers (versus researchers). The current research provides an experimental test of whether describing affirmation activities as provided by teachers increases students’ engagement with the activities and students’ positive perceptions of their teachers. In a 2×2 field experiment, delivered to students during their first year of high school, students completed either an affirmation or matched control activity purportedly provided by either teachers or researchers. We found that describing affirmation activities as provided by teachers led students to perceive that teachers at their school were more interested in students’ broader lives outside of school and provided marginally more care and support to students, as compared to the same affirmation exercise described as provided by researchers and control activities attributed to either source. In addition, teacher‐provided affirmation activities prompted students to write more during the activities. The present study provides initial evidence that affirmation interventions can improve students’ perceptions of their relationship with their teachers—a potent driver of student success—but only when affirmation activities are seen as coming from and of interest to teachers.
Digital Transformation and Innovation Management: A Synthesis of Existing Research and an Agenda for Future Studies
Authors: Appio Francesco Paolo , Frattini Federico , Petruzzelli Antonio Messeni , Neirotti Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManagement and organizational scholars have paid increasing attention to the interconnections between digital transformation and innovation management in the last decade. However, a highly fragmented understanding of this topic is what we are left with so far. In this editorial, we suggest an approach to open up the black box of the interplay between digital transformation and innovation management by providing a framework that identifies three levels of analyisis (i.e., macro, meso, and micro) along which existing and future research on the topic can be organized. This model encourages scholars to conduct theoretical and empirical studies on how digital transformation affects ecosystems’ structure and governance, how industries and firms compete and organize for innovation in a digitalized world, how the processes for developing new products and services change under the effect of digital technologies, and the implications of digital transformation on managing people and teams involved in the innovation process, among the other topics. We also provide a synthesis of the eight papers published in the Special Issue that this editorial introduces and develop an agenda for future research that will hopefully contribute to encourage and shape future scholarly efforts into this field.
A framework for understanding gene expression plasticity and its influence on stress tolerance
Authors: Rivera Hanny E. , Aichelman Hannah E. , Fifer James E. , Kriefall Nicola G. , Wuitchik Daniel M. , Smith Sara J. , Davies Sarah W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity can serve as a stepping stone towards adaptation. Recently, studies have shown that gene expression contributes to emergent stress responses such as thermal tolerance, with tolerant and susceptible populations showing distinct transcriptional profiles. However, given the dynamic nature of gene expression, interpreting transcriptomic results in a way that elucidates the functional connection between gene expression and the observed stress response is challenging. Here, we present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of gene expression reaction norms in the context of stress tolerance. We consider the evolutionary and adaptive potential of gene expression reaction norms and discuss the influence of sampling timing, transcriptomic resilience, as well as complexities related to life history when interpreting gene expression dynamics and how these patterns relate to host tolerance. We highlight corals as a case study to demonstrate the value of this framework for non‐model systems. As species face rapidly changing environmental conditions, modulating gene expression can serve as a mechanistic link from genetic and cellular processes to the physiological responses that allow organisms to thrive under novel conditions. Interpreting how or whether a species can employ gene expression plasticity to ensure short‐term survival will be critical for understanding the global impacts of climate change across diverse taxa.
Identification of rye B chromosome‐associated peptides by mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Wei , Liu ZhaoJun , Beier Sebastian , Houben Andreas , Carpentier Sebastien 
Published: January 2021

Summary

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary dispensable components of the standard genome (A chromosomes, As) that have been found in many eukaryotes. So far, it is unkown whether the B‐derived transcripts translate to proteins or if the host proteome is changed due to the presence of Bs.

Comparative mass spectrometry was performed using the protein samples isolated from shoots of rye plants with and without Bs. We aimed to identify B‐associated peptides and analyzed the effects of Bs on the total proteome.

Our comparative proteome analysis demonstrates that the presence of rye Bs affects the total proteome including different biological function processes. We found 319 of 16 776 quantified features in at least three out of five +B plants but not in 0B plants; 31 of 319 features were identified as B‐associated peptide features. According to our data mining, one B‐specific protein fragment showed similarity to a glycine‐rich RNA binding protein which differed from its A‐paralogue by two amino acid insertions.

Our result represents a milestone in B chromosome research, because this is the first report to demonstrate the existence of Bs changing the proteome of the host.
Diet quality, school attendance, and body weight status in adolescent girls in rural Guatemala
Authors: Chacón Violeta , Liu Qinran , Park Yikyung , Rohloff Peter , Barnoya Joaquin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA cluster of factors affects nutritional status among adolescent girls in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). We investigated the association between school attendance and diet quality among 498 rural adolescent girls (352 attending and 146 not attending school) in Tecpán, Guatemala. In a cross‐sectional study, we collected sociodemographic and anthropometric data and characterized the dietary intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. We then calculated diet quality using the Healthy Eating Score (HES). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the effects of school attendance on diet quality. We found that the overall diet quality among the study participants was poor, according to the HES. However, those who attended school had significantly higher intakes of vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables (P = 0.04), other fruits (P = 0.01), and milk and milk products (P = 0.004), but a higher intake of fast foods, chips, and saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects of school attendance on diet quality were significant after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (β coefficient = −1.70, 95% CI: −3.30 to −0.11) but was attenuated when further adjusted for weight status (β coefficient = −1.58, 95% CI: −3.17 to 0.02). Our findings suggest that diet quality among girls in rural Guatemala is poor, particularly among those who do not attend school. To advance our understanding of adolescent diet in LMICs, future studies should include adolescents who are out of school.
Discovery of melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Philippe Cécile , Klebermass Eva‐Maria , Balber Theresa , Kulterer Oana C. , Zeilinger Markus , Egger Gerda , Dumanic Monika , Herz Carsten T. , Kiefer Florian W. , Scheuba Christian , Scherer Thomas , Fürnsinn Clemens , Vraka Chrysoula , Pallitsch Katharina , Spreitzer Helmut , Wadsak Wolfgang , Viernstein Helmut , Hacker Marcus , Mitterhauser Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough extensive research on brown adipose tissue (BAT) has stimulated optimism in the battle against obesity and diabetes, BAT physiology and organ crosstalk are not fully understood. Besides BAT, melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) and its receptor (MCHR1) play an important role in energy homeostasis. Because of the link between hypothalamic MCH neurons and sympathetic BAT activation via β‐adrenoceptors, we investigated the expression and physiological role of the MCHR1 in BAT. MCHR1 was detected in rodent and human BAT with RT‐qPCR and western blot analyses. In vivo imaging in rats used the glucose analog [18F]FDG and the MCHR1‐tracer [11C]SNAP‐7941. We found that the β3‐adrenoceptor (ADRB3) agonist CL316,243 increased [11C]SNAP‐7941 uptake in BAT. Additionally, a pharmacological concentration of SNAP‐7941—a low‐affinity ADRB3 ligand—stimulated [18F]FDG uptake, reflecting BAT activation. In cultured human adipocytes, CL316,243 induced MCHR1 expression, further supporting a direct interaction between MCHR1 and ADRB3. These findings characterized MCHR1 expression in rodent and human BAT for the first time, including in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating a link between MCHR1 and the β3‐adrenergic system. The presence of MCHR1 in BAT emphasizes the role of BAT in energy homeostasis and may help uncover treatment approaches for obesity.
Directionality and community‐level selection
Authors: Bunin Guy 
Published: January 2021

Many ecological community dynamics display some degree of directionality, known as succession patterns. But complex interaction networks frequently tend to non‐directional dynamics such as chaos, unless additional structures or mechanisms impose some form of, often fragile or shot‐lived, directionality. We exhibit here a novel property of emergent long‐lasting directionality in competitive communities, which relies on very minimal assumptions.We model communities where each species has a few strong competitive interactions, and many weak ones. We find that, at high enough diversity, the dynamics become directional, meaning that the community state can be characterized by a function that increases in time, which we call ‘maturity'. In the presence of noise, the community composition changes toward increasingly stable and productive states. This scenario occupies a middle ground between deterministic succession and purely random species associations: there are many overlapping stable states, with stochastic transitions, that are nevertheless biased in a particular direction. When a spatial dimension is added in the form of a meta‐community, higher‐maturity community states are able to expand in space, replacing others by (exact or approximate) copies of themselves. This leads to community‐level selection, with the same maturity function acting as fitness. Classic concepts from evolutionary dynamics provide a powerful analogy to understand this strictly ecological, community‐level phenomenon of emergent directionality.
Grazing and the vanishing complexity of plant association networks in grasslands
Authors: Génin Alexandre , Dutoit Thierry , Danet Alain , le Priol Alice , Kéfi Sonia 
Published: January 2021

Interactions are key drivers of the functioning and fate of plant communities. A traditional way to measure them is to use pairwise experiments, but such experiments do not scale up to species‐rich communities. For those, using association networks based on spatial patterns may provide a more realistic approach. While this method has been successful in abiotically‐stressed environments (alpine and arid ecosystems), it is unclear how well it generalizes to other types of environments.We help fill this knowledge gap by documenting how the structure of plant communities changes in a Mediterranean dry grassland grazed by sheep using plant spatial association networks. We investigated how the structure of these networks changed with grazing intensity to show the effect of biotic disturbance on community structure.We found that these grazed grassland communities were mostly dominated by negative associations, suggesting a dominance of interference over facilitation regardless of the disturbance level. The topology of the networks revealed that the number of associations were not evenly‐distributed across species, but rather that a small subset of species established most negative associations under low grazing conditions. All these aspects of spatial organization vanished under high level of grazing as association networks became more similar to null expectations.Our study shows that grazed herbaceous plant communities display a highly non‐random organization that responds strongly to disturbance and can be measured through association networks. This approach thus appears insightful to test general hypotheses about plant communities, and in particular understand how anthropogenic perturbations affect the organization of ecological communities.
TROUBLE IN PARADISE? – VIOLENT CONFLICT IN FUNNEL‐BEAKER SOCIETIES
Authors: Horn Christian 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe archaeology of warfare and violent conflict has made many advances over the past three decades. However, the Funnel‐beaker Culture (TRB) is mostly absent from these discussions and the presence of warriors is assigned to the succeeding periods. This contribution takes a new look at a conspicuous object from northern TRB contexts: the so‐called thick flint points or halberds (dan. dolkstaver). Their functionality as a specialized weapon is discussed through their use wear, contexts and European comparisons. Afterwards the evidence for violent conflict in the region is explored thematically, including paleo‐demography, victims, enemies, and fortifications. Based on this it is argued that warfare existed during the TRB culture and that warriors may emerge in a society that seems of a largely egalitarian structure.
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders and allergen immunotherapy: Lights and shadows
Authors: Votto Martina , De Filippo Maria , Caminiti Lucia , Carella Francesco , de Castro Giovanna , Landi Massimo , Olcese Roberta , Vernich Mario , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Ciprandi Giorgio , Barberi Salvatore 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAllergic diseases, such as IgE‐mediated food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, are relevant health problems worldwide and show an increasing prevalence. Therapies for food allergies are food avoidance and the prompt administration of intramuscular epinephrine in anaphylaxis occurring after accidental exposure. However, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is being investigated as a new potential tool for treating severe food allergies. Effective oral immunotherapy (OIT) and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) induce desensitization and restore immune tolerance to the causal allergen. While immediate side effects are well known, the long‐term effects of food AIT are still underestimated. In this regard, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), mainly eosinophilic esophagitis, have been reported as putative complications of OIT for food allergy and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic asthma and rhinitis. Fortunately, these complications are usually reversible and the patient recovers after AIT discontinuation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the possible causative link between eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders and AIT, highlighting recent evidence and controversies.
Positional outflow obstruction as a cause of early refractory ascites post–pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Janwadkar Aashika , Nagral Aabha , Marar Shaji , Sonavane Amey , Raut Vikram , Vasanth Suresh , Mirza Darius 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRefractory ascites post–liver transplantation can be a challenging problem. Causes of refractory ascites include venous outflow anastomotic stenosis, vessel kinking by the regenerating liver, pre‐existing graft disease, and positional outflow obstruction. We present a case report of a child presenting with high drain output and refractory ascites post–LDLT secondary to a positional kinking. Repeating the Doppler studies with patients both supine and sitting may be helpful.
Granadaene Photobleaching Reduces the Virulence and Increases Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Jusuf Sebastian , Dong Pu‐Ting , Hui Jie , Ulloa Erlinda R. , Liu George Y. , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is increasingly recognized as a major cause of soft tissue and invasive diseases in the elderly and diabetic populations. Antibiotics like penicillin are used with great frequency to treat these infections, although antimicrobial resistance is increasing among GBS strains and underlines a need for alternative methods not reliant on traditional antibiotics. GBS granadaene pigment is related to the hemolysin/cytolysin of GBS, which is critical for the pathogenesis of GBS diseases. Here, we show that photobleaching granadaene dampens the hemolytic activity of GBS. Furthermore, photobleaching of this antioxidant was found to increase GBS susceptibility to killing by reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with light was also shown to affect GBS membrane permeability and contribute to increased susceptibility to the cell membrane‐targeting antibiotic daptomycin. Overall, our study demonstrates dual effects of photobleaching on the virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS and suggests a novel approach for the treatment of GBS infection.