bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of telemedicine by practising allergists before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Dramburg Stephanie , Matricardi Paolo Maria , Casper Ingrid , Klimek Ludger 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to both inpatient and outpatient care. In order to maintain good care under necessary contact restrictions, especially in the outpatient sector, the use of telemedical applications was demanded and promoted. The exploratory survey among members of the Association of German Allergists (AeDA) was intended to show how these were received among allergists in private practice.

Methods
The survey was restricted to actively practising members of the AeDA who had previously given their consent to receive such surveys (n = 437). They were invited by email to participate in a survey on the topic of “Telemedicine in everyday clinical practice in allergology”. The survey included quantitative and qualitative questions on the use of telemedicine services before and during the pandemic and was conducted anonymously on the SoSci Survey platform. Participation was possible in the period from June to August 2020.

Results
In all, 76 specialists with additional qualification in allergology took part in the survey. Of these, 71 completed the full questionnaire. Before the start of the pandemic-related contact restrictions, 46.5% (33/71) stated that they had used telemedicine in their clinical practice. This number increased to 73.2% (52/71) after 31 January 2020. The largest increase (4.3% vs. 15.6%) was seen in the area of video consultations. Furthermore, 43/76 participants can imagine integrating telemedicine services into their daily clinical routine in the future.

Conclusion
The use of telemedical services, especially video consultations, increased significantly during the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic in Germany. The majority of respondents perceive the implementation as positive and can imagine continuing to use telemedical methods after the end of the pandemic.
From Energy as a Commodity to Energy as a Service—A Morphological Analysis of Smart Energy Services
Authors: Paukstadt Ute , Becker Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Internet of Things penetrates all areas of life and work, giving physical objects the characteristics of digital technologies. Also, in the energy sector, physical products such as photovoltaic systems, battery storage systems, and thermostats are equipped with smart and connectivity components and become smart energy products. Smart energy products enable new types of services that are smart energy services. For example, a smart thermostat can offer an intelligent preheating service based on data collected and analyzed. Against this background, smart energy services offer new business potentials for companies as well as added value for private households. To benefit from this development, companies need an understanding of the characteristics and capabilities of the products and the services building on them. Smart energy services, in particular, appear promising, as services are seen as a bridge to the customer. However, there is little research that supports the design of smart energy services. To close this gap, a morphological analysis of smart energy services along several dimensions is conducted. In highlighting the unique characteristics of smart energy services, the paper provides a more nuanced picture on the nature of smart energy services and their potential in terms of new consumer and business values. Additionally, the phenomenon of consumer-oriented smart energy services will be further conceptualized, and the morphological box can be considered a structured approach for the design of smart energy services.
Acute Bilateral Fixed Mydriasis Caused by Lupini Bean Intoxication
Authors: Lahoud Corinne , Hanna Najib-Georges , Jalkh Alexandre , Azar Georges 
Published: June 2021

Lupini beans are legume seeds of the genus Lupinus, consumed in many parts of the world. The main species are Lupinus mutabilis, Lupius angustifolius, and Lupinus albus. The latter is commonly eaten as a snack in Mediterranean countries. The beans are very rich in alkaloids, which give them a bitter taste. One of these alkaloids was shown to cause anticholinergic effects. Lupini beans, if improperly prepared, can cause toxicity manifesting as an anticholinergic syndrome. We present the case of a 50-y-old woman who presented with bilateral mydriasis, mouth dryness, and anxiety. We confirmed that the patient consumed partially debittered lupini beans a few hours before presentation. The rest of her physical and ophthalmic examination results were within normal limits. Her symptoms resolved without therapy within 12 h from presentation and were attributed to ingestion of incorrectly prepared lupine seeds.
Evaluation of Solar-Powered Battery Systems for Individuals Using Electricity-Dependent Medical Devices in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria
Authors: Tosado Gabriella A. , Matos Marvi , Ahumada-Paras Mareldi , Chapko Michael K. , Pozzo Lilo D. ,   the Puerto Rico Solar Health Study Group
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
To determine if solar-powered battery systems could be successfully used for electricity-dependent medical devices by families during a power outage.

Methods:
We assessed the use of and satisfaction with solar-powered battery systems distributed to 15 families following Hurricane Maria in rural Puerto Rico. Interviews were conducted in July 2018, 3 mo following distribution of the systems.

Results:
The solar-powered battery systems powered refrigeration for medications and prescribed diets, asthma therapy, inflatable mattresses to prevent bedsores, and continuous positive airway pressure machines for sleep apnea. Despite some system problems, such as inadequate power, defective cables, and blown fuses, families successfully dealt with these issues with some outside help. Almost all families were pleased with the systems and a majority would recommend solar-powered battery systems to a neighbor.

Conclusions:
Families accepted and successfully used solar-powered battery systems to power medical devices. Solar-powered battery systems should be considered as alternatives to generators for power outages after hurricanes and other disasters. Additional research and analysis are needed to inform policy on increasing access to such systems.
Potential displacement of the native Tenuisvalvae notata by the invasive Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in South America suggested by differences in climate suitability
Authors: Ferreira Larissa F. , Silva-Torres Christian S. A. , Torres Jorge B. , Venette Robert C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae) is a predatory ladybird beetle native to South America. It specializes in mealybugs prey (Pseudococcidae), but relatively little is known about its ecology. In contrast, the ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae) is indigenous to Australia and has been introduced to many countries worldwide including Brazil for biological control of mealybugs. The potential impacts of these introductions to native coccinellids have rarely been considered. The software CLIMEX estimated the climate suitability for both species as reflected in the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). Much of South America, Africa, and Australia can be considered climatically suitable for both species, but in most cases, the climate is considerably more favorable for C. montrouzieri than T. notata, especially in South America. The CLIMEX model also suggests seasonal differences in growth conditions (e.g. rainfall and temperature) that could affect the phenology of both species. These models suggest that few locations in South America would be expected to provide T. notata climatic refugia from C. montrouzieri. Although other ecological factors will also be important, such as prey availability, this analysis suggests a strong potential for displacement of a native coccinellid throughout most of its range as a consequence of the invasion by an alien competitor.
Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Freeman Daniel , Lambe Sinéad , Yu Ly-Mee , Freeman Jason , Chadwick Andrew , Vaccari Cristian , Waite Felicity , Rosebrock Laina , Petit Ariane , Vanderslott Samantha , Lewandowsky Stephan , Larkin Michael , Innocenti Stefania , McShane Helen , Pollard Andrew J. , Loe Bao Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen vaccination depends on injection, it is plausible that the blood-injection-injury cluster of fears may contribute to hesitancy. Our primary aim was to estimate in the UK adult population the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy explained by blood-injection-injury fears.MethodsIn total, 15 014 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income and region, took part (19 January–5 February 2021) in a non-probability online survey. The Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale assessed intent to be vaccinated. Two scales (Specific Phobia Scale-blood-injection-injury phobia and Medical Fear Survey–injections and blood subscale) assessed blood-injection-injury fears. Four items from these scales were used to create a factor score specifically for injection fears.ResultsIn total, 3927 (26.2%) screened positive for blood-injection-injury phobia. Individuals screening positive (22.0%) were more likely to report COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy compared to individuals screening negative (11.5%), odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97–2.40, p < 0.001. The population attributable fraction (PAF) indicated that if blood-injection-injury phobia were absent then this may prevent 11.5% of all instances of vaccine hesitancy, AF = 0.11; 95% CI 0.09–0.14, p < 0.001. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was associated with higher scores on the Specific Phobia Scale, r = 0.22, p < 0.001, Medical Fear Survey, r = 0.23, p = <0.001 and injection fears, r = 0.25, p < 0.001. Injection fears were higher in youth and in Black and Asian ethnic groups, and explained a small degree of why vaccine hesitancy is higher in these groups.ConclusionsAcross the adult population, blood-injection-injury fears may explain approximately 10% of cases of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Addressing such fears will likely improve the effectiveness of vaccination programmes.
Microvariation in the division of labor between null- and overt-subject pronouns: the case of Italian and Spanish
Authors: Contemori Carla , Di Domenico Elisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Italian, null pronouns are typically interpreted toward antecedents in a prominent syntactic position, whereas overt pronouns prefer antecedents in lower positions. Interpretation preferences in Spanish are less clear. While comprehension and production have never been systematically compared in Italian and Spanish, here we look at the preferences for overt- and null-subject pronouns in the two languages using the same production and comprehension materials. Using an offline comprehension task with a group of Spanish and Italian speakers, we tested sentences where the type of pronoun (null vs. explicit) and position of the pronoun (anaphoric vs. cataphoric) are manipulated, to determine how context affects speakers’ interpretations in the two languages. With two production tasks, we measured referential choice in controlled discourse contexts, linking the production patterns to the differences observed in comprehension. Our results indicate microvariation in the two null-subject languages, with Spanish following the Position of Antecedent Hypothesis but to a lesser degree than Italian. More specifically, in Spanish, the weaker object bias for overt pronouns parallels with a higher use of overt pronouns (and with fewer null pronouns) in contexts of topic maintenance.
CLASSROOM LEARNERS’ ACQUISITION OF THE SPANISH COPULA WITH ADJECTIVES
Authors: Long Avizia Yim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on the second language (L2) acquisition of the Spanish copulas has been central to our understanding of key concepts and issues in the field of SLA such as stages of development and variability in L2s. However, this research has focused nearly exclusively on native English-speaking learners. The present study examined native Korean-speaking learners’ acquisition and use of the Spanish copulas with adjectives in oral production. Analyses of the range and frequency of copula forms produced across four levels of Spanish language study revealed an increase inserandestaruse and a decrease in developmental omission as learner level increased. Predicate type, resultant state, and Spanish grammar score significantly influenced use ofestaroverser.Comparison with native English-speaking learners revealed differences between first language groups in terms of rates of form use, but similar developmental trends and predictors ofestaruse overall.
Factors Influencing Distribution Characteristics of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation at Confluences
Authors: Shen X. , Hodges B. R. , Li R. , Li Z. , Fan J. L. , Cui N. B. , Cai H. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTotal dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) produced by flood flows over a high dam has negative consequences on downstream fish. Reducing the total dissolved gas (TDG) levels and/or providing adequate low‐TDGS fish shelter areas remains a challenge. The presence of a low‐TDG‐saturation (LTS) zone at river confluences can protect the fish from harmful high TDG levels, but the effects of confluence hydrodynamics on the TDGS distribution are not well understood. In this study, three‐dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations are performed to understand the influence of flow ratio and junction angle on the TDGS distribution downstream of river confluences. The simulation results show that the TDGS distribution is mainly affected by (a) inflow TDGS that determines the supply, (b) secondary flow that leads to rapid renewal of surface water for degassing, and (c) increased turbulence intensity that promotes dissipation of TDGS. Relationship between the LTS area, the flow ratio and the junction angle is constructed via regression analysis. The regression model is validated against a 3D numerical simulation that is compared to field observations at two river confluences along the Jinshajiang River (China). This study provides scientific basis for potential hydraulic modifications at confluences to enlarge an LTS zone and reduce fish fatality.
Geometric Criteria for the Snap‐Off of a Non‐Wetting Droplet in Pore‐Throat Channels With Rectangular Cross‐Sections
Authors: Cha Luming , Xie Chiyu , Feng Qihong , Balhoff Matthew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSnap‐off is a phenomenon that occurs when a non‐wetting fluid is displaced by wetting fluid in pore‐throat channels, leading to the breakup of droplets at the throat. Snap‐off plays a key role in many industrial processes involving immiscible multiphase flows, such as aquifer remediation, carbon capture and geological storage, recovery of hydrocarbons. Here we derive geometric criteria for the capillary snap‐off at the pore‐throat junctions in 2D microchannels with rectangular cross‐sections. The criteria are theoretically presented in three categories according to the range of the throat depth, h. We find that if h is smaller than the throat width, snap‐off will be inhibited, if h is larger than the pore width, snap‐off may occur but it is independent of h, and if h is in between the throat width and the pore width, a critical depth exists for the occurrence of snap‐off. These criteria are verified using numerical CFD simulations and validated using microfluidic experiments. These results indicate the conditions for snap‐off in the pore‐throat channel with rectangular cross‐sections, which clarify previous debates in the literature. One application of this work is for micromodels, which are porous microfluidic chips used as tools to observe multiphase flow in porous media at the pore‐scale. Most micromodels are two‐dimensional (2D), which have rectangular cross‐sections with uniform depth. The geometric criteria derived here provide guidelines for the design of micromodels used in the study of multiphase flow processes in porous media.
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation Modulates the Air Quality in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Kuwata Mikinori , Miyakawa Takuma , Yokoi Satoru , Khan Md Firoz , Latif Mohd Talib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAir quality in the Maritime Continent, which worsens particularly during peatland fire periods, causes climate and environmental concerns. The occurrence of peatland fire haze has been related to the interannual variations of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and inter‐seasonal monsoon cycle. However, the factors affecting the region's air quality on subseasonal timescales have not been clearly identified. We investigated the role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has a 30–90‐day cycle, in air quality using a long‐term observation data set from Malaysia. The results show that in MJO Phase 3, during which the region is covered by convective clouds, only accounted for 4 ± 2% of high PM10 concentration days (daily average PM10 concentration at site X > average + standard deviation of daily average PM10 concentration at site X) among all active MJO periods. In contrast, the corresponding values were considerably higher in MJO Phases 1 and 5–8. The MJO also modulated CO and ozone concentrations. This study shows that the MJO influences air quality during both fire and non‐fire seasons, demonstrating that variations in wildfire activity are not the only cause of air quality changes. Other factors, such as precipitation, also need to be considered to better understand the relationship between the MJO and air quality.
Depth Estimation of Potential Field by Using a New Downward Continuation Based on the Continued Fraction in Space Domain
Authors: Zhou Wenna , Zhang Chong , Zhang Dailei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDepth estimation of potential field data is a powerful tool for geologic source interpretation. It can be implemented by using downward continuation method based on a normalized algorithm. However, when several geological bodies with different burial depths exist in the research area, the calculated depth usually tends to be the average depth. To overcome this limitation, we proposed a new downward continuation method based on the relationship between the Taylor series and the continued fraction in space domain. Theoretically, it can obtain the singular (quasi‐singular) source point directly, which indicates the position of source. In practical applications, we only need to calculate downward continuation data from the original level to an expected maximum depth. The absolute value is calculated so that the maximum value indicates the source depth range. We used different synthetic models to test our method and obtained satisfactory results. The advantages of depth estimation using the new method were illustrated by comparing it with the normalized total gradient method. Finally, we applied the new method to field data, and results were in agreement with the previous results. This illustrated that the new method can be used for high resolution, high accuracy depth estimation.
Relative Paleointensity Record of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1396 in the Caribbean Sea: Geomagnetic and Chronostratigraphic Observations in the Pliocene
Authors: Hatfield R. G. , Stoner J. S. , Fraass A. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContinuous sedimentary records of paleomagnetic directional variability and relative paleointensity (RPI) provide valuable information on the evolution of the geodynamo while also facilitating stratigraphic correlation and age control. While the Quaternary RPI record has received much attention, Pliocene records are relatively rare. Here, a u‐channel paleomagnetic study from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1396 in the Caribbean Sea refines the shipboard‐derived polarity stratigraphy and generates an RPI and directional record extending back 4.5 Ma. Rock magnetic data reveal changes in magnetic coercivity around 2.1 Ma that influences the quality of the paleomagnetic record; while the older record is well‐resolved and passes RPI quality criteria, much of the younger section does not. To facilitate the development of the RPI record, spike noise associated with discrete intervals of volcanogenic sediments are filtered from the data set. The resulting record passes RPI reliability criteria between 0–0.6 Ma and 2.1–4.5 Ma and represents the highest resolution RPI record extending into the early Pliocene. We use this record to refine the existing benthic δ18O chronology and open the door to high‐resolution RPI chronostratigraphies during the Pliocene. Although we find no evidence for a previously observed increase in magnetic field intensity after ∼4 million years ago, we do observe an asymmetrical form to RPI in the normal polarity intervals of the Gauss chron. We also find a polarity bias in inclination that cannot be simply explained by a drill string overprint, suggesting polarity‐driven field asymmetries that are particularly pronounced during the Pliocene.
Reflection of K1 Internal Tides at the Continental Slope in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Shuya , Cao Anzhou , Li Qun , Chen Xu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReflection of the K1 internal tides (ITs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using a high‐resolution three‐dimensional numerical model. The simulated results indicate that the westward K1 ITs generated at the Luzon Strait (LS) first impact the continental slope in the northern SCS, and thereafter are reflected. There is a total of 0.31 GW of K1 energy that are reflected, suggesting a weak reflection considering 3.54 GW of westward K1 energy from the LS. Two reflected K1 beams are revealed. The southeast one is the more energetic and can propagate across the deep basin, agreeing with that extracted from satellite altimeter data. The eastward one propagates toward the LS, but it is absent in altimeter results because of its lower intensity. Both the two reflected beams are radiated from the supercritical region in shallow water. Different from the incident waves that are dominated by mode‐1, the reflected waves exhibit a multimodal structure. Contribution of high modes to reflected waves is comparable to that of mode‐1. Moreover, modal content is different for the two reflected beams, with higher proportion of high‐mode energy flux for eastward reflected beam. In contrast to the K1 ITs, no remarkable reflected O1 ITs are detected from either simulated or altimeter results. This is due to the weak generation of O1 ITs at the LS, which leads to less O1 energy reaching the continental slope. The results of this work can provide essential insight on IT dynamics in the SCS.