bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership challenge: lateral systems integration for healthcare
Authors: Martin Livia 
Published: April 2021

PurposeGovernment imperatives that drive integrated care are challenging corporate executive leadership. Conspicuous by its absence in both government's imperatives and the literature, is any reference to corporate executive leadership in transitioning a hierarchically oriented health system to a laterally integrated health system referred to, in this paper, as an integrated health system. This lack of reference to executive leadership involvement conveys either significant consequences or opportunities for corporate healthcare executives. The purpose of this qualitative, multi-case study is to explore corporate executive leadership in transitioning a hierarchically oriented health system to an integrated health system.Design/methodology/approachBetween December 2017 and February 2018, a qualitative methodology and multi-case study design facilitated one hour telephone interviews with 11 presidents and four senior vice presidents. Critical case sampling was used to select the study sample from a target population of 246 corporate healthcare executives representing Ontario's major acute healthcare organizations/systems.FindingsCorporate healthcare executives possess the requisite skills and knowledge to transition a hierarchically oriented to a laterally integrated the health system but are constrained by an undefined partnership role with government and fear of government changes.Originality/valueThis paper provides corporate executive leaders with a systematic leadership approach to organizational readiness, in transitioning to an integrated health system. Features and outcomes of the approach are illustrated.
Urban afforestation and its ecosystem balance contribution: a bibliometric review
Authors: Wiesel Patrik Gustavo , Dresch Elias , de Santana Eduardo Rodrigo Ramos , Lobo Eduardo Alcayaga 
Published: April 2021

PurposeUrbanization is characterized mainly by changes in land use and conversion of natural areas into built environments, as well as by a series of impacts, such as loss of biodiversity, which interfere with the proper functioning of ecological networks.Design/methodology/approachThus, the authors apply a bibliometric analysis using the term “Urban Trees” in the “Web of Science” database, between 2009 and 2019, as a keyword to include all urban green structures and identify the main aspects of urban ecological relationships. They found 8,367 published articles.FindingsThis review identified the main countries and research institutions that operate in urban afforestation. In general, developing countries seek to understand the environmental benefits that urban afforestation can provide, demonstrating the importance of maintaining existing green areas in urban centers to promote the balance of the ecosystem. It depends directly on the flow of ecosystem services provided by green infrastructures in the city, contributing significantly to carbon sequestration, retention of particulate matter, mitigation of heat islands and reduction of surface runoff, directly favoring the health and well-being of the population. The authors conclude that the actions currently implemented in urban afforestation, especially to increase the richness and abundance of species, will be decisive for the future of urban centers and the construction of more sustainable and egalitarian cities.Originality/valueThis work sought to develop a bibliographic research based on information obtained by bibliometric analysis that has the ability to identify trends and volumes of scientific production in a given area of knowledge.
Asymmetric information and opportunism in insider share-pledging
Authors: Puleo Michael R. , Kozlowski Steven E. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeAmid growing attention from investors, regulators and advisory firms in recent years, this study assesses whether managers exploit private information to time share-pledge transactions and extract personal benefits while avoiding unintended market scrutiny.Design/methodology/approachWe use hand-collected pledging data for a random sample of S&P 1500 firms to examine whether private information influences insider share-pledging activity using Heckman selection and two-part hurdle models of the pledge decision. We also conduct an event study analysis of announcement returns to measure market reactions to pledging news and determine whether share-pledge disclosures affect investor risk assessments.FindingsConsistent with insiders timing pledges prior to anticipated performance declines, both the likelihood and level of pledging increase significantly with negative earnings surprises. New share-pledges precede significant decreases in abnormal returns, and public announcement of new pledging corresponds with significant negative cumulative abnormal returns. The evidence suggests that insiders exploit private information to time pledges, and that investors update risk assessments and value estimates based on information conveyed by these transactions.Practical implicationsOur findings hold important implications for governance and regulation of pledged shares, indicating that permissive reporting requirements in the US facilitate informed pledging and may undermine incentive alignment between managers and shareholders. The analysis promotes transaction-specific disclosures and transparent corporate policies for insider share-pledging.Originality/valueOurs is among the first empirical analyses of share-pledging in US firms and the first to examine the role of private information in pledging decisions. We offer novel evidence on the opportunistic use of pledged shares and provide insight to predictors of share-pledging behavior.
The effect of manufacturing defects on the high-cycle fatigue of electron-beam-welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy: experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Rubino Felice , Canale Giacomo , Sathujoda Prabhakar 
Published: April 2021

PurposeElectron-beam welding has been widely used in industry to join different titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) components. During welding production defects, such as porosity, lack of penetration or thinning are often observed. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests have been performed on welded specimens to understand the effect of weld defects on fatigue capabilities. The fatigue life of different types of “defective” welds has been compared against a non-welded reference specimen.Design/methodology/approachThe results of the experimental campaign have been correlated with finite elements models.FindingsIt is concluded the geometry produced by the weld process, e.g. toe radius and under-bead shape, and the related stress raisers play a relevant role on fatigue capabilities of welds. This conclusion is valid only for a Ti-6Al-4V T-joint weld and only for flaw initiation. Knock down in materials properties has not been considered.Originality/valueThere is a lack of HCF fatigue data for welds of this geometry and material in the open literature. The paper is of relevance for industrial application and practical interest, although a lot more validation tests are required to draw a final conclusion.
The creation of a market – LP South America (A)
Authors: Overby Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2021

Theoretical basis
One of the major issues present in this case is whether there is significant industry pressure to internationalize. Yip’s (1989) global strategy drivers are a helpful approach for examining this issue. This case also applies two important marketing concepts – the product life cycle and diffusion of innovation theory – and how differences across international markets impact these concepts. Finally, there are significant cultural issues at play in this case as well. Theoretical models of national culture, such as Hofstede, Hall and others, can be used to examine cultural influences on an industry that is not often associated with culture.

Research methodology
The case is based upon a combination of secondary research and primary research. The lead researcher and a team of graduate students conducted interviews with Louisiana-Pacific Corporation (LP) executives in the USA and Chile in 2017.

Case overview/synopsis
This three-part case examines the internationalization of LP into South America. Case A begins in 1999 as LP attempts to decide whether to take its oriented strand board product international. The reader is asked to consider where LP should go in South America. Case B examines the factors LP used to decide to enter Chile and then outlines the key decisions that led to its impressive growth between 2000 and 2015. Case C begins in 2015 as LP now considers whether to expand its markets into Argentina or Colombia.

Complexity academic level
Given the complexity of issues raised in the case and the need to narrow these issues down to an implementable decision, this case is most appropriate later in the schedule of a graduate or executive-level business course in international business or international marketing.
The influence of cost of quality on the performance of food manufacturing companies: an empirical study
Authors: Ghunaim Niveen Mohammed , Jaaron Ayham A.M. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeDue to the ever-increasing competitive and complex business environments, food manufacturing companies have to maintain high-quality products while simultaneously minimizing customers' costs. Cost of quality (COQ) plays a crucial role in enhancing companies' efficiency and reducing expenditures that can contribute to companies' competitive performance. This paper investigates the underlying relationship between the level of COQ practices adoption (prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure costs) and organizational performance in Palestinian food manufacturing companies (PFMCs).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology using a structured questionnaire collected data from 119 PFMCs. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze collected data.FindingsResults indicated that COQ adoption has a significant positive effect on the organizational performance of PFMCs. Besides, prevention, external and internal failure costs were all associated with a positive impact on organizational performance of PFMCs, whereas appraisal cost did not affect organizational performance.Originality/valueThis study is considered one of the first studies to investigate COQ practices' effect on organizational performance in food manufacturing companies in a developing country context. Thus, it adds significant value to the literature responding to calls to tackle competitiveness issues in current complex business environments.
COVID‐19 and food prices in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Agyei Samuel Kwaku , Isshaq Zangina , Frimpong Siaw , Adam Anokye Mohammed , Bossman Ahmed , Asiamah Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak on prices of maize, sorghum, imported rice and local rice in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We estimated dynamic panel data models with controls for macroeconomic setting using general method of moments estimation. The study found that the COVID‐19 outbreak led to increases in food prices of the sampled countries. Restrictions on movements or lockdowns in the wake of COVID‐19 was associated with an increase in the price of maize only. We also found that exchange rate, inflation and crude oil prices exerted a detrimental effect on food prices. We recommend that governments of SSA countries invest in infrastructure that improves efficiencies in the food supply chain during pandemics. Providing adequate support to industries in the value chain will also improve food availability and food price stability post‐COVID‐19.
Using the Rank Equity Index to measure emergency medicine faculty rank progression
Authors: Hobgood Cherri , Fassiotto Magali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFaculty diversity is a high‐priority goal for academic emergency medicine (EM). Most administrators currently monitor faculty diversity using aggregate data, which may obscure underrepresentation by rank. We apply the Rank Equity Index (REI) to EM faculty data to assess rank progression.MethodsWe calculated the REI (% faculty cohort higher rank/% faculty cohort lower rank) for EM faculty. We performed REI analyses by faculty gender (women, men) and race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian). We compared professor/assistant professor, professor/associate professor, and associate professor/assistant professor to establish rank parity for gender and race/ethnicity. Parity is an REI of 1.0.ResultsREI analysis by gender demonstrates that women faculty did not achieve parity at any rank comparison in any study year. REI analysis by race/ethnicity demonstrates that all faculty of color are below parity at the assistant to associate professor promotion. Latinx faculty are at parity for associate professor to professor, but Asian and Black faculty do not achieve parity in any comparison. Intersecting gender and race/ethnicity in the REI analysis demonstrates that Asian women have the lowest REIs among all faculty ranks and races/ethnicities. Men of all races/ethnicities achieved parity in two of three rank comparisons, except for Black men, who did not achieve parity in any comparison.ConclusionsREI analysis demonstrates EM women faculty and faculty of color are not achieving rank parity and are disadvantaged at the first tier of promotion. A preliminary longitudinal trend analysis suggests little progress. Asian women and Black men experience the most rank inequity. REI analysis identifies a need for focused faculty development to enhance our most vulnerable faculty's rank progression, suggesting that targeted recruitment and retention efforts of women faculty of all races/ethnicities and faculty of color, in particular, will improve diversity at every tier of faculty rank.
Evaluating four motivation‐phase intervention components for use with primary care patients unwilling to quit smoking: a randomized factorial experiment
Authors: Cook Jessica W. , Baker Timothy B. , Fiore Michael C. , Collins Linda M. , Piper Megan E. , Schlam Tanya R. , Bolt Daniel M. , Smith Stevens S. , Zwaga Deejay , Jorenby Douglas E. , Mermelstein Robin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the effectiveness of intervention components designed to increase quit attempts and promote abstinence in patients initially unwilling to quit smoking.DesignA four‐factor, randomized factorial experiment.SettingSixteen primary care clinics in southern Wisconsin.ParticipantsA total of 577 adults who smoke (60% women, 80% White) recruited during primary care visits who were currently willing to reduce their smoking but unwilling to try to quit.InterventionsFour factors contrasted intervention components administered over a 1‐year period: (i) nicotine mini‐lozenge versus none; (ii) reduction counseling versus none; (iii) behavioral activation (BA) counseling versus none; and (iv) motivational 5Rs counseling versus none. Participants could request cessation treatment at any time.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 52 weeks post enrollment; secondary outcomes were point‐prevalence abstinence at 26 weeks and making a quit attempt by weeks 26 and 52.FindingsNo abstinence main effects were found but a mini‐lozenge × reduction counseling × BA interaction was found at 52 weeks; P = 0.03. Unpacking this interaction showed that the mini‐lozenge alone produced the highest abstinence rate (16.7%); combining it with reduction counseling produced an especially low abstinence rate (4.1%). Reduction counseling decreased the likelihood of making a quit attempt by 52 weeks relative to no reduction counseling (P = 0.01).ConclusionsNicotine mini‐lozenges may increase smoking abstinence in people initially unwilling to quit smoking, but their effectiveness declines when used with smoking reduction counseling or other behavioral interventions. Reduction counseling decreases the likelihood of making a quit attempt in people initially unwilling to quit smoking.
Antidepressant dispensing before, during, and after pregnancy in New Zealand, 2005‒2014
Authors: Donald Sarah , Sharples Katrina , Barson Dave , Horsburgh Simon , Parkin Lianne 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDepression during pregnancy is associated with a number of negative impacts on maternal and infant health, therefore good control of depression in pregnant women is crucial. There is a lack of population‐level information about patterns of antidepressant use during pregnancy in New Zealand.AimTo describe antidepressant dispensing patterns before, during, and after pregnancy in New Zealand, 2005–2014.Materials and MethodsAntidepressant dispensing records from 270 days prior to pregnancy through to 360 days after pregnancy end were linked with 805 990 pregnancies in the New Zealand Pregnancy Cohort. Proportions (and 95% confidence intervals) with at least one dispensing were calculated for the periods before, during, and after pregnancy and compared over time and by maternal characteristics.ResultsDispensing during the first trimester was lower than in the pre‐pregnancy and post‐pregnancy periods, and dropped further in later trimesters. The proportion of pregnancies during which an antidepressant was dispensed rose from 3.1 to 4.9% over the study years. Around 80% of those with a dispensing received a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Dispensing before, during, and after pregnancy varied by ethnicity, age, smoking status, and body mass index. Among women taking an antidepressant before pregnancy, younger women and those of Māori, Pacific, or Asian ethnicity were less likely to continue therapy during pregnancy.ConclusionsThis study has established a baseline for antidepressant use around pregnancy in New Zealand, documented increasing use over time, and demonstrated that known ethnic differences in antidepressant use are also evident in the pregnant population.
Haemostatic indexes for predicting intestinal necrosis in children with intussusception
Authors: Huang Hui‐Ya , Lin Xiao‐Kun , Guo Shi‐Kun , Bao Xiao‐Zhou , Lin Zheng‐Xiu , Li Zhong‐Rong , Huang Xiao‐Zhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine risk factors for intestinal necrosis in intussusception cases among children with failed non‐surgical reduction for intussusception.MethodsTotally, 540 hospitalized individuals with unsuccessful air‐enema reduction in our hospital between November 2010 and November 2020 were assessed in this retrospective study. The 540 intussusception cases were divided into the intestinal necrosis and non‐intestinal necrosis groups. Haemostatic parameters, demographic and clinical features were assessed. Predictors of intestinal necrosis were examined by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 540 patients included, 113 showed intestinal necrosis. This intestinal necrosis group had a longer duration of symptom or length of illness, younger ages, higher platelet counts, fibrinogen amounts and d‐dimer levels (all P = 0.000) compared with the non‐intestinal necrosis group. Multivariable analysis revealed that duration of symptom (odds ratio (OR) 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.23, P = 0.000), fibrinogen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10–1.31, P = 0.010) and d‐dimer (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.91–2.28, P = 0.000) independently predicted intestinal necrosis in individuals undergoing surgical reduction for intussusception. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that d‐dimer amounts had the largest area under the curve for predicting intestinal necrosis.ConclusionOn admission, long duration of symptom, high fibrinogen and d‐dimer levels are critical risk factors for intestinal necrosis development in children with unsuccessful non‐surgical reduction. d‐Dimer levels have the best predictive value for intestinal necrosis.
Optimal pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: results from a global, multicentre collaboration
Authors: Ravi Praful , Pond Gregory R. , Diamantopoulos Leonidas N. , Su Christopher , Alva Ajjai , Jain Rohit K. , Skelton William P. , Gupta Sumati , Tward Jonathan D. , Olson Kathleen M. , Singh Parminder , Grunewald Camilla M. , Niegisch Guenter , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Gallina Andrea , Bandini Marco , Necchi Andrea , Mossanen Matthew , McGregor Bradley A. , Curran Catherine , Grivas Petros , Sonpavde Guru P. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate outcomes of patients achieving a post‐treatment pathological stage of <ypT2N0 at radical cystectomy (RC) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to identify an optimal definition of pathological response.Patients and MethodsPatients from 10 international centres who underwent NAC for cT2–4aN0–1 MIBC and achieved <ypT2N0 disease at RC were included. The primary outcome was time to recurrence, either local or distant. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate associations between clinicopathological variables and outcomes.ResultsA total of 625 patients were included. The median age was 66 years and 80% were male. Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC, 56%) and methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MVAC)/dose‐dense (dd)MVAC (32%) were the most common NAC regimens. ypT0, pure ypTis, ypTa ±ypTis and ypT1 ± ypTis were attained in 58.1%, 20.0%, 7.6% and 14.2% of patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence of recurrence at 5 years was 9%, 16%, 29% and 30%, respectively. Pathological stage was prognostic for recurrence, with ypTa ± Tis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–7.30) and ypT1 ± Tis disease (HR 4.03, 95% CI 2.13–7.63) associated with a significantly higher recurrence risk. Pure ypTis (HR 1.66, 95% CI 0.82–3.38) and the type of NAC regimen (ddMVAC: HR 1.59, 95% CI 0.55–4.56; MVAC: HR 1.18, 9%% CI 0.25–5.54; reference: GC) were not associated with recurrence.ConclusionWe propose that optimal pathological response after NAC be defined as attainment of ypT0N0/ypTisN0 at RC. Patients with ypTaN0 or ypT1N0 disease (with or without Tis) at RC displayed a significantly higher risk of recurrence and may be candidates for trials investigating adjuvant therapy.