bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistently Reduced Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Mild COVID-19 One Year After Discharge: a Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Han , Peng Yi , Hou Pengwei , Chen Zhu , Xing Guoqiang , Zhang Bo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose The epidemiological and clinical features, pathogenesis, and complications of patients with COVID-19 in the acute phase have been well described, but the long-term prognosis and rehabilitation of the patients remain largely unknown.Methods 39 COVID-19 patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. The mental health, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life were assessed by Self-Depression Scale and the Self Anxiety Scale, pulmonary function test, 6MWT, 36-Item Short-Form, respectively. Results Total 33 survivors completed the assessment, 40.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass index= 22.7 ±1.3 kg/m2. The length of hospital stays was 19.6 ± 6.6 d. One year after discharge, the mean scores of SDS and SAS showed decreasing trends from 3-months to 12-months post-discharge. 6 patients (18.2%) had FVC <80% of the predicted value, 12 patients (36.4%) had FEV1 <80% of the predicted value. And 9 (27.3%), 3 (9.1%), and 2 (6.1%) of the patients showed reduced FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75 (<70% expected values), respectively. The mean 6MWD values increased significantly from 397±25.4 m at 3-months to 514±40.8 m at 12-months.Conclusions the impaired pulmonary function in mild COVID-19 survivors was noted after 12 months discharging from hospital. The exercise capacity, mental status, and health status were lower than those of the normal population.
Association of Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 Gene Polymorphisms With Infection and Antiviral Efficacy of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Yang Xun-Jun , Wang Xiao-Ou , Liu Linna , Chen Yao , Ye Song-Dao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health concern in developing countries. Pathogenesis of hepatitis C infection is poorly understood. Previously, we found higher Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (IRF-3) expression in HCV-infected patients. However, the effect of IRF-3 polymorphism on the incidence of HCV infection and antiviral efficacy has not been sufficiently evaluated.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 178 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 82 matched healthy controls between 2016 and 2019 at the Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China. All patients received a standard dose of polyethylene glycol interferon + ribavirin (PR regimen), and were divided into the response, non-response, sustained virological response (SVR), and non-sustained virological response (NSVR) groups based on their HCV RNA levels. Gene polymorphisms were detected by DNA sequencing, and the plasma IRF-3 and IFN-β levels were measured by ELISA to assess the impact of IRF-3 gene variations and contents on the risk of HCV infection and antiviral efficacy.Results Plasma contents of IRF-3 and IFN-β were significantly different between the CHC and control groups, the response and non-response groups, and the SVR and non-SVR groups (p<0.05). rs2304206 C>T but not rs2304204A>G was associated with increased risk for CHC (OR= 2.35 (95% CI: 1.30 to 4.24), p = 0.004), and reduced antiviral efficacy between both response groups (OR= 1.86 (95% CI: 1.06 to 3.24), p = 0.028) and SVR groups (OR= 1.79 (95% CI:1.05 to 3.06), p = 0.030). Haplotype GT type suffered negative consequence between the CHC and control groups, the responder and non-responder groups, and the SVR and non-SVR groups (p=0.004, 0.028, 0.030). The content of IFR-3 in CT genotype of rs2304206 was higher than that in CC genotype.Conclusion The polymorphism of IFR-3 affects the plasma levels of IFR-3 and associated with HCV infection and interferon antiviral efficacy, where the T allele of rs2304206 may be a susceptibility factor for CHC and adversely impact interferon antiviral response.
Delineating a Volcanic Aquifer Using Groundwater-induced Gravity Changes in the Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan
Authors: Lien Tzuyi , Chang Emmy Tsui-Yu , Hwang cheinway , Cheng Ching-Chung , Lam Kin-Fai , Chen Rou-Fei , Mu Chung-Hsiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is an active volcano that could cause volcanic hazards in northern Taiwan. The latest phreatic eruption of the TVG occurred some 6000 years ago. Understanding the state of groundwater around the TVG can be a crucial step towards effectively assessing the risk of phreatic explosion by providing information about the sources of groundwater and the media it flows. We measured gravity changes at a superconducting gravity station and several groundwater-sensitive sites to examine the way the groundwater altered the gravity values around the TVG. Groundwater-induced gravity changes are simulated by two hydrological models (A and B). Both models show coherent seasonal variations in groundwater level and gravity value in the center of the TVG (Chintiengang). This coherence indicates inter-connected porous media for free groundwater flows below Chintiengang. However, inconsistencies between the modeled and observed gravity changes occurred in the eastern part of the TVG, suggesting here highly heterogeneous formations with fractures and barriers may exist below Chihsinshan and Dayoukeng. The gravity consistencies and inconsistencies between the observations and the models are used to delineate a volcanic aquifer, which can provide additional information for assessing the probability of a potential phreatic eruption over the TVG.
Time in Range, Especially Overnight Time in Range, Is Associated With Sudomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Feng Zhou-qin , Guo Qing-yu , Wang Wei , Yuan Yan-yu , Jin Xu-guang , Zhou Hui , Liu Jun , Lei Hai-yan , Yang Xin-yi , Liu Jun , Lu Bin , Shao Jia-qing , Gu Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To research the relationship between time in range (TIR) including overnight TIR and sudomotor function detected by SUDOSCAN in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: 95 patients with T1D were enrolled. TIR of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L was evaluated with CGM. SUDOSCAN measured feet electrochemical skin conductance (FESC) and sudomotor dysfunction was defined as average FESC<60µS. Logistic regressions were applied to examine the independent association of TIR and overnight TIR with sudomotor function.Results: The overall prevalence of sudomotor dysfunction was 28.42%. Patients with sudomotor dysfunction had significantly lower TIR for the whole recorded phase and for nighttime. The sudomotor dysfunction prevalence progressively declined with the ascending tertiles of TIR and nocturnal TIR (P for trend <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between nocturnal TIR and FESC was stronger than that between TIR and FESC with correlation coefficient was respectively 0.362 and 0.356 (P <0.001). Finally, logistic regression analysis indicated the independently negative relation between TIR and nocturnal TIR and sudomotor dysfunction (P <0.05), notably, more statistically significant results were obtained between nocturnal TIR and sudomotor dysfunction. Conclusions: TIR is negatively correlated with sudomotor dysfunction in T1D independent of HbA1c. Furthermore, decreased nocturnal TIR is more closely related to the impaired function of sudomotor nerves in sweat glands.
Computer-Aided Identification of Bioactive compounds of Azadirachta indica (Neem) with Potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Johnson Titilayo Omolara , Adegboyega Abayomi E , Adeyemi Olugbenga E , Okonkwo Francis O , Ejembi Stephen A , Oche Jane-Rose I , Oluwarotimi Emmanuel A , Bashar Farida , Johnson Grace Inioluwa , Adeyemi Oluyomi Stephen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic disease caused by a novel virulent virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Up till now, there is still a continuous increase in cases, morbidity and fatality associated with the disease throughout the world. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a medicinal plant popularly known for its antimalarial and broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The bioactive compounds of Neem were therefore analyzed in this study for possible inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 3-Chymotrypsin (3C)-like protease (Main protease), an important therapeutic target of the virus. This was done through a computational approach involving molecular docking, pharmacophore modelling and ADMET studies. Out of 150 Neem compounds subjected to molecular docking against the main protease, rutin had the highest binding affinity followed by tannin amine, quercitrin, hyperoside and kaempferol, before the standard inhibitor K36. The compounds interacted with Glu-166, Asn-142, His- 41, Cys-145 and other crucial amino acids residues of the catalytic cleft of the protease. Most of the selected compounds displayed acceptable drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters. These compounds could therefore be developed further for the treatment and management of COVID-19 after experimental studies.
Framework for acquisition and automated sorting of neural spikes from multielectrode recordings in freely-moving mice
Authors: Strohl Joshua J. , Gallagher Joseph T. , Gomez Pedro N. , Glynn Joshua M. , Huerta Patricio T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundExtracellular recording represents a crucial electrophysiological technique in neuroscience for studying the activity of single neurons and neuronal populations. The electrodes capture voltage traces that, with the help of analytical tools, reveal action potentials (‘spikes’) as well as local field potentials. The process of spike sorting is used for the extraction of action potentials generated by individual neurons. Until recently, spike sorting was performed with manual techniques, which are laborious and unreliable due to inherent operator bias. As neuroscientists add multiple electrodes to their probes, the high-density devices are able to record hundreds to thousands of neurons simultaneously, making the manual spike sorting process increasingly difficult. The advent of automated spike sorting software has offered a compelling solution to this issue. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple-to-execute framework for using MountainSort, an automated spike sorting pipeline, in conjunction with MATLAB and the acquisition system (Cheetah, Neuralynx). We validate this automated framework with neural recordings from the hippocampus and prelimbic cortex. MethodsMultielectrode recordings of freely-moving mice are obtained from the CA1 region of the hippocampus as they navigate a linear track. Multielectrode recordings are also acquired from the prelimbic cortex, a region of the medial prefrontal cortex, while the mice are tested in a T maze. All animals are implanted with custom-designed, 3D-printed microdrives that carry 16 electrodes, which are bundled in a 4-tetrode geometry. ResultsWe provide an overview of a framework for analyzing single-unit data in which we have concatenated the acquisition system (Cheetah, Neuralynx) with analytical software (MATLAB) and an automated spike sorting pipeline (MountainSort). We give precise instructions on how to implement the different steps of the framework, as well as explanations of our design logic. We validate this framework by comparing manually-sorted spikes against automatically-sorted spikes, using neural recordings of the hippocampus and prelimbic cortex in freely-moving mice. ConclusionsAutomated spike sorting is a necessity for medium and large-scale extracellular neural recordings. Here, we have smoothly integrated MountainSort-based spike sorting into a framework for acquisition and analysis of multielectrode brain recordings in mice.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on the association between neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in elderly Koreans: a 10-year retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service Database
Authors: Kim Hee-Cheol , Kim Ji-Hun , Lee Ho-Jun , Kim Yang-Tae , Jang Byeong-Churl 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Some studies suggest that cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as neurodegenerative disease (ND), are related to protein misfolding and possibly to each other. This study aimed to investigate the association between NDs and cancer to evaluate the impact of T2D on the association between NDs and cancer.
Methods

A population-based 10-year follow-up study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database between 2002 and 2015. The study population included an ND group (n = 9,292) and control group (n = 46,742), aged ≥ 60 years. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cancer risk.
Results

Various NDs and/or T2D were newly diagnosed in ND and control groups during the 10-year follow-up periods. Newly developed ND cases before cancer onset were 2,412 (26.0%) in the ND group and 15,435 (33.0%) in the control group (χ2 = 178.19, p < 0.01). Newly developed T2D cases before cancer onset were 4,691 (50.5%) and 25,695 (55.0%) in the ND and control groups, respectively (χ2 = 62.89, p < 0.01). As of December 31, 2015 (the end of the observation period), the number of cancer patients in the ND group was 2,040 (22.0%) and that in the control group was 8,628 (18.5%) (χ2 = 61.45, p < 0.01). The ND group was associated with an increased risk of cancer (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19–1.31). In both groups, newly diagnosed ND and T2D patients showed an additive effect on cancer incidence during the follow-up period. The additional effect on cancer incidence was higher in T2D than in ND.
Conclusion

This study showed a positive association between NDs and cancer, and an additive effect of T2D on this association. Further replication studies are needed to address the association among NDs, cancer, and T2D.
Co-occurrence variation explains the low host dependence of ambrosia beetles along altitude gradients in SW China
Authors: Luo Fang , MENG LINGZENG , Wang Jian , Liu Yan-Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Separation of biotic and abiotic impacts on species diversity distribution patterns across a significant climatic gradient is a challenge in the study of diversity maintenance mechanisms. The basic task is to reconcile scale-dependent effects of abiotic and biotic processes on species distribution models. However, Eltonian noise hypothesis predicted that the effects of biotic interactions will be averaged out at macroscales, and there are many empirical observations that biotic interactions would constrain species distributions at micro-ecological scales. Here, we used a hierarchical modeling method to detect the host specificities of ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae and Platypodinae) with their dependent tree communities across a steep climatic gradient, which was embedded within a relatively homogenous spatial niche.
Results

Species turnover of both trees and ambrosia beetles have a relatively similar pattern, characterized by the climatic proxy at a regional scale, but not at local scales. This pattern confirmed the Eltonian noise hypothesis wherein emphasis was on influences of macro-climate on local biotic interactions between trees and hosted ambrosia beetle communities, whereas local biotic relations, represented by host specificity dependence, were regionally conserved.
Conclusions

At a confined spatial scale, cross-taxa comparisons of co-occurrence highlighted the importance of the organism’s dispersal. The effects of tree abundance and phylogeny diversity on ambrosia beetle diversity were, to a large extent, indirect, operating via changes in ambrosia beetle abundance through spatial and temporal dynamics of resources distribution. Tree host dependence plays a minor role on the hosted ambrosia beetle community in this concealed wood decomposing interacting system.
Straight Interference Pattern to Curved-Expanded-Inclined Interference Pattern---Static to Dynamic Double Slit/Cross-Double Slit Experiments
Authors: peng hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In this article, we show three novel universal phenomena of the double slit, cross-double slit and grating experiments: (1) the interference patterns can curve; (2) the interference patterns can expand; and (3) the interference patterns created by the tilt double slits can inclined to the axis that is perpendicular to the axis the diaphragm rotates around. The directions of the patterns curved towards are determined by how the diaphragm rotates, i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise. To determine the directions, we proposed Right-hand rule and Left-hand rule. The magnitudes of three phenomena depend on the direction of the rotation and two angles: the original angle of the double slit on the diaphragm relative to the rotation axis and the angle the diaphragm rotates. We derived the formular to calculate the expansion of the patterns, and the formular to calculate the inclination angle of patterns. In the regular double slit experiment, photons need to know whether there is a double slit or not. Now, photons need to know: (1) the orientation of the double slit; (2) which axis the diaphragm rotating around; (3) the direction of rotation, i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise; (4) the angle of the rotation. The Feynman’s mystery of the double slit is more mysterious.
Snoring as main symptoms of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in oropharynx:a case report with review of literature
Authors: Ma Xin-xiang , Zhang Chuan-xin , Ren Yi-fan , Zhang Yu-lin , Zheng Ji-ai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIn children, snoring is often associated with hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids. There was a case in a girl who did not suffer from hypertrophy adenoids, but from a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) in the oropharynx. pPNET often occurs in the deep soft tissues of the trunk, paravertebral, lower limbs and retroperitoneum. It is rarely located in children's oropharynx and makes snoring.Patient concernsWe report a case of a 4-years-old girl who complained of slurred speech and snoring. Her serum showed normal results, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass lesion in oropharynx. By using histology and immunohistochemistry, cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99), vimentin, friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI-1), integrase interactor-1 and α-smooth muscle actin were positive, but epithelial membrane antigen, erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) related gene (ERG), NK homeobox 2.2, Wilms’ tumor 1 and S100-protein were negative. And the rearrangement of the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene was proved in the test of fluorescent.DiagnosisShe was diagnosed as a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor.Interventions and outcomeThe girl had been treated with surgery and chemotherapy. She has been well for 24 months without any signs of disease.ConclusionIn children who snore, we should not only think of hypertrophied adenoids, but also the possibility of pPNETs in oropharynx. CT scan or MRI should be conducted in time, as well as histology and immunohistochemistry to avoid misdiagnosis.
Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19; Clinical Features and Outcome
Authors: Mohkam Masoumeh , Mirzaee Mahbube , Jamee Mahnaz , Gorji Fatemeh Abdollah , Khalili Mitra , Tabatabaei Sedigheh Rafiei , Karimi Abdollah , Armin Shahnaz , Ghanaie Roxana Mansour , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Pournasiri Zahra , Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad Taghi Hosseini , Dalirani Reza , Esfandiar Nasrin , Alibeik Mina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Renal disorders are reported as both underlying conditions and complications in critical pediatric COVID-19 infection. Herein, we investigated the pattern of renal involvement, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI), among pediatric patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled hospitalized pediatric patients with the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings were gathered and analyzed, using a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches and descriptive statistics.Results187 patients including 120 (64.2%) male and 67 (35.8%) female with COVID-19 infection at a median (interquartile range) of 60 (24-114) months were enrolled in this study.Most patients (n=108, 58.1%) were suffered from one or two underlying comorbidities, mainly malnutrition (77.4%), neurologic/learning disorders (21.4%) and malignancy (10.2%). Kidney was the third organ involved in 30 patients (16%) during hospital admission, after lung (53.5%) and gastrointestinal tract (39%). According to the KDIGO definition and classification, AKI was detected in 38.5% of patients (stage 1: 55.6%, stage 2: 36.1%, stage 3: 8.3%) at presentation or during follow up. Nine patients (4.8%) required hemodialysis and 16 (8.6%) patients were eventually died. There was no significant association between AKI and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission (p=0.079), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (p=0.051), comorbidities (p=0.067), and mortality rate (p=0.789).ConclusionsKidneys are one of the major organs affected by COVID-19 infection. Although kidney abnormalities resolve in the majority of pediatric COVID-19 infection, particular attention should be given to kidney involvement in COVID-19 patients, particularly children with history of malnutrition and renal disorders.
Fast Whole-Genome Phylogeny by Compression: the COVID-19 case
Authors: Cilibrasi Rudi L. , Vitanyi Paul M.B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We analyze the whole-genome phylogeny and taxonomy of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing the COVID-19 disease, using compres- sion in the form of the alignment-free NCD (Normalized Compression Distance) method to assess similarity. We compare the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a database of over 6,500 viruses. The results comprise that the SARS- CoV-2 virus is closest in that database to the RaTG13 virus and rather close to the bat SARS-like corona viruses bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL- CoVZC45. Over 6,500 viruses are identified (given by their registration code) with larger NCD’s. The NCD’s are compared with the NCD’s between the mtDNA’s of familiar species. We treat the question whether Pangolins are involved in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The NCD method or shortly the compression method is simpler and possibly faster than any other whole-genome method, which makes it the ideal tool to explore phylogeny. Here we use it for the complex case of determining this similarity between the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 and many other viruses. The resulting phylogeny and taxonomy closely matches earlier efforts by alignment-based methods and a machine-learning method, providing the most compelling evidence to date for the compression method showing that one can achieve equivalent results both simply and fast.