bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional brain iron associated with deterioration in Alzheimer's disease: A large cohort study and theoretical significance
Authors: Ayton Scott , Portbury Stuart , Kalinowski Pawel , Agarwal Puja , Diouf Ibrahima , Schneider Julie A. , Morris Martha Clare , Bush Ashley I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis paper is a proposal for an update of the iron hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on large‐scale emerging evidence.BackgroundIron featured historically early in AD research efforts for its involvement in the amyloid and tau proteinopathies, APP processing, genetics, and one clinical trial, yet iron neurochemistry remains peripheral in mainstream AD research. Much of the effort investigating iron in AD has focused on the potential for iron to provoke the onset of disease, by promoting proteinopathy though increased protein expression, phosphorylation, and aggregation.New/updated hypothesisWe provide new evidence from a large post mortem cohort that brain iron levels within the normal range were associated with accelerated ante mortem disease progression in cases with underlying proteinopathic neuropathology. These results corroborate recent findings that argue for an additional downstream role for iron as an effector of neurodegeneration, acting independently of tau or amyloid pathologies. We hypothesize that the level of tissue iron is a trait that dictates the probability of neurodegeneration in AD by ferroptosis, a regulated cell death pathway that is initiated by signals such as glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation.Major challenges for the hypothesisWhile clinical biomarkers of ferroptosis are still in discovery, the demonstration of additional ferroptotic correlates (genetic or biomarker derived) of disease progression is required to test this hypothesis. The genes implicated in familial AD are not known to influence ferroptosis, although recent reports on APP mutations and apolipoprotein E allele (APOE) have shown impact on cellular iron retention. Familial AD mutations will need to be tested for their impact on ferroptotic vulnerability. Ultimately, this hypothesis will be substantiated, or otherwise, by a clinical trial of an anti‐ferroptotic/iron compound in AD patients.Linkage to other major theoriesIron has historically been linked to the amyloid and tau proteinopathies of AD. Tau, APP, and apoE have been implicated in physiological iron homeostasis in the brain. Iron is biochemically the origin of most chemical radicals generated in biochemistry and thus closely associated with the oxidative stress theory of AD. Iron accumulation is also a well‐established consequence of aging and inflammation, which are major theories of disease pathogenesis.
Conjoint analysis of researchers' hidden preferences for bibliometrics, altmetrics, and usage metrics
Authors: Lemke Steffen , Mazarakis Athanasios , Peters Isabella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe amount of annually published scholarly articles is growing steadily, as is the number of indicators through which impact of publications is measured. Little is known about how the increasing variety of available metrics affects researchers' processes of selecting literature to read. We conducted ranking experiments embedded into an online survey with 247 participating researchers, most from social sciences. Participants completed series of tasks in which they were asked to rank fictitious publications regarding their expected relevance, based on their scores regarding six prototypical metrics. Through applying logistic regression, cluster analysis, and manual coding of survey answers, we obtained detailed data on how prominent metrics for research impact influence our participants in decisions about which scientific articles to read. Survey answers revealed a combination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics that researchers consult when selecting literature, while regression analysis showed that among quantitative metrics, citation counts tend to be of highest concern, followed by Journal Impact Factors. Our results suggest a comparatively favorable view of many researchers on bibliometrics and widespread skepticism toward altmetrics. The findings underline the importance of equipping researchers with solid knowledge about specific metrics' limitations, as they seem to play significant roles in researchers' everyday relevance assessments.
Multiphysics simulation of a compression–perfusion combined bioreactor to predict the mechanical microenvironment during bone metastatic breast cancer loading experiments
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Han Suyue , Modarres‐Sadeghi Yahya , Lynch Maureen E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncurable breast cancer bone metastasis causes widespread bone loss, resulting in fragility, pain, increased fracture risk, and ultimately increased patient mortality. Increased mechanical signals in the skeleton are anabolic and protect against bone loss, and they may also do so during osteolytic bone metastasis. Skeletal mechanical signals include interdependent tissue deformations and interstitial fluid flow, but how metastatic tumor cells respond to each of these individual signals remains underinvestigated, a barrier to translation to the clinic. To delineate their respective roles, we report computed estimates of the internal mechanical field of a bone mimetic scaffold undergoing combinations of high and low compression and perfusion using multiphysics simulations. Simulations were conducted in advance of multimodal loading bioreactor experiments with bone metastatic breast cancer cells to ensure that mechanical stimuli occurring internally were physiological and anabolic. Our results show that mechanical stimuli throughout the scaffold were within the anabolic range of bone cells in all loading configurations, were homogenously distributed throughout, and that combined high magnitude compression and perfusion synergized to produce the largest wall shear stresses within the scaffold. These simulations, when combined with experiments, will shed light on how increased mechanical loading in the skeleton may confer anti‐tumorigenic effects during metastasis.
On the contribution of eco‐innovation features to a circular economy: A microlevel quantitative approach
Authors: Kiefer Christoph P. , del Río Pablo , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) and eco‐innovation (EI) are two concepts deemed instrumental in achieving a sustainable transition. They have been proposed in the academic literature and by practitioners and have acquired very high public policy relevance, being endorsed by policymakers and ultimately leading to regulations supporting them. It has been argued that both concepts are compatible and interrelated and that EI is instrumental in achieving the CE. However, little is known about how different EI features contribute to the CE at the microlevel. This article tries to cover this gap. Its aim is to assess and quantify the causal relationship between different EI features and the CE with the help of a unique dataset of small‐ and medium‐sized firms in Spain and an econometric analysis. Our results show that only systemic EIs contribute to a global CE, whereas other EI types such as component additions or small changes in existing production processes could even be barriers to high levels of circularity. It is found out that technological novelty is not relevant for reaching the CE. The results support the understanding of how EIs enable a transition to the CE. Care should be taken not to promote incremental EIs that do not only achieve low (or no) circularity but that effectively lock‐in the economic system in solutions that entail a barrier to the achievement of high‐level circularity.
Effect of particle size distribution on filtration performance of cell culture medium
Authors: Chan Karen , Tomioka Yusuke , Mok Yanglin , ITO Takao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCell culture media used in CHO‐based biologic processes are typically sterile filtered to prevent microbial contamination prior to inoculation. In this study, the impact of common sterile filter throughput on a different, commercially available cell culture media was evaluated from the intermediate‐adsorption fouling model of the filtration model. The key particle size range for optimum filter performance was discussed and identified by measuring the submicron order particle size distribution. It may be possible to predict the performance of filter capacity with size‐exclusive separation by understanding the media particle counts and size distribution.
Improved outcome of children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia by addition of cladribine to re‐induction chemotherapy
Authors: Ruan Min , Liu Li‐Peng , Zhang Ao‐Li , Quan Qi Ben , Liu Fang , Liu Tian‐Feng , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Chen Xiao‐Juan , Yang Wen‐Yu , Guo Ye , Zhang Li , Zou Yao , Chen Yu‐Mei , Zhu Xiao‐Fan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe preferred salvage treatment for children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R‐AML) remains unclear. The combination of cladribine/Ara‐C/granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and mitoxantrone (CLAG‐M) shown promising results in adult R/R‐AML. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of CLAG‐M versus mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine (MEC) or idarubicin/etoposide/cytarabine (IEC) in R/R‐AML children.MethodsFifty‐five R/R‐AML children were analyzed. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 3‐year were documented. Karyotype or mutations status were summarized as different risk groups.ResultsThe ORR was achieved in 80% (16/20) and 51% (18/35) of patients after one‐cycle of CLAG‐M and MEC/IEC treatment (p < 0.001). The CLAG‐M group's OS (66.8% ± 16.2% vs. 40.4% ± 10.9%, p = 0.019) and PFS (52.6% ± 13.7% vs. 34.9% ± 9.1%, p = 0.036) at 3‐year was significantly higher than the MEC/IEC group. In high‐risk patients, 33.3% experienced progression of disease (PD) and 22.2% dead in CLAG‐M group, while 50% experienced PD and 43.8% dead in MEC/IEC. When it comes to low‐risk group, none of them in CLAG‐M experienced PD or death, while up to 50% of patients received MEC/IEC suffered PD, and all of them died eventually. Similar results were also found in the intermediate‐risk group. Surprisingly, the presence of FLT3‐ITD was associated with poor outcome in both groups. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities, and the incidence was similar in both group.ConclusionsCLAG‐M group demonstrated effective palliation along with acceptable toxicity in R/R‐AML patients. However, patients with FLT3‐ITD may benefit less from CLAG‐M, owing to higher PD rate and all‐cause mortality than other patients.
Investigating the Effect of Packed Structures on Filter Cake Compressibility
Authors: Bandelt Riess Peter Michael , Kuhn Michael , Först Petra , Briesen Heiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPacked beds used in absorption columns have shown to increase filter cake permeability during specific filtration processes. Their effect on filter cake compressibility is evaluated. Different model systems are characterized using dead‐end filtration equipment and a modified universal testing machine. Compression experiments are conducted with different packings to assess the systems' response to compressive stress. The structural support of the packings reduces filter cake compressibility for the tested configurations. The extent of this effect depends on packing type, applied pressure, and material compressibility. These results help to understand the advantages of using packed beds as aids for filtration processes and represent a step further in designing tailored packings.
Uncorrelated discriminant graph embedding for fault classification
Authors: Hu Zhengwei , Peng Jingchao , Zhao Haitao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, graph embedding methods have been successfully used in process monitoring. To improve the discriminant power, a novel supervised graph embedding method, called uncorrelated discriminant graph embedding (UDGE), is proposed. Different from the unsupervised design of locality preserving projection (LPP), UDGE utilizes both the local geometrical structure and label information to construct the similarity between different data points. The “local geometrical structure” means that each data point can be represented as a combination of its neighbours. Due to add the uncorrelated constraint, the extracted features of UDGE are statistically uncorrelated. Uncorrelated attributes are essential for dimension reduction since they contain minimum redundancy. The application of UDGE is evaluated on the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) benchmark. Experimental results show UDGE can better separate different types of faults and provide more promising fault diagnosis performance. The code of UDGE is released in https://github.com/htz-ecust/Uncorrelated-Discriminant-Graph-Embedding-for-Fault-Classification.
Estimation and hypothesis testing with error‐contaminated survival data under possibly misspecified measurement error models
Authors: Yi Grace Y. , Yan Ying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the presence of covariate measurement error, there has been extensive interest in developing estimation methods for parameters associated with various survival models, where the classical additive measurement error model is commonly used to describe the measurement error process. On the contrary, hypothesis testing has been less explored for survival data with error‐contaminated covariates. Furthermore, it is important to study the impact of misspecification of the measurement error process. In this article, we propose a “corrected” score test and a “corrected” Wald test and establish their theoretical properties. Moreover, we exploit the impact of misspecification of measurement error models on parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Simulation studies are reported to demonstrate the finite‐sample performance of the proposed methods, and a real data example is presented to illustrate the usage of our methods.
Risk of induced abortions in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Melin Johanna M. , Seppänen Viivi I. , Ylöstalo Tiina M. , Malila Nea K. , Pitkäniemi Janne M. , Gissler Mika , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura‐Maria S. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe relative probability of pregnancy and parenthood in cancer survivors is reduced. Studies have shown that cancer survivors are concerned about the health of their offspring and the recurrence of their own cancer. This could lead to an increased risk of induced abortion. The aim of this study was to examine whether pregnancies of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) who were 0 to 14 years old at diagnosis in 1971‐2012 were more likely to result in induced abortions in comparison with population controls.MethodsData from Finnish registries for cancer, births, and induced abortions were merged to identify 420 first pregnancies of CCSs and 2508 first pregnancies of age‐matched population controls in 1987‐2013. Poisson regression and logistic regression modeling were used to estimate incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of first pregnancies and induced abortions in CCSs in comparison with population controls.ResultsThe risk of first pregnancy was reduced in CCSs in comparison with population controls (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.80), whereas the risk of a first pregnancy resulting in an induced abortion was similar in CCSs and population controls (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77‐1.33). In subanalyses stratifying by decade of diagnosis and cancer treatment, the risk of induced abortion was similar in CCSs and population controls.ConclusionsFemale CCSs do not have an overall increased risk of induced abortions. The reduced probability of pregnancy among CCSs highlights the continued need for interventions to preserve fertility at the time of a cancer diagnosis.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of chromosome 22 monosomy in pleural effusion cytology for the diagnosis of mesothelioma
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Hamasaki Makoto , Matsumoto Shinji , Yoshimura Masayo , Sato Ayuko , Tsujimura Tohru , Kamei Toshiaki , Kawahara Kunimitsu , Iwasaki Akinori , Nabeshima Kazuki 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized by mutations in several genes, including cyclin‐dependent kinase‐inhibitor 2A/p16 in the 9p21 locus, BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1), and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) in the 22q12 locus. Recent studies indicate that fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detects hemizygous loss of NF2 in tissue specimens of MPM. The authors investigated whether NF2 FISH, either alone or in combination with other diagnostic assays (9p21 FISH, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase [MTAP] immunohistochemistry [IHC], and BAP1 IHC), effectively distinguishes MPM cells from reactive mesothelial cells (RMCs) in cell blocks prepared from pleural effusions.MethodsFISH assays were used to examine the deletion status of NF2 and 9p21, and IHC was used to determine the expression of MTAP and BAP1 in cell blocks from 54 cases with MPM and 18 cases with RMCs.ResultsHemizygous NF2 loss (chromosome 22 monosomy or hemizygous deletion) showed 51.9% sensitivity (48.1% for chromosome 22 monosomy and 3.7% for hemizygous deletion) and 100% specificity in differentiating MPM cells from RMCs. Combinations of NF2 FISH, 9p21 FISH, and BAP1 IHC assays yielded greater sensitivity (98.1%) than any assay alone (9p21 FISH, 61.1%; MTAP IHC, 52.8%; or BAP1 IHC, 60.4%). The level of hemizygous NF2 loss in cell blocks positively correlated with that in corresponding tissues. Furthermore, to overcome cytologic specimen‐specific challenges, FISH combined with cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunofluorescence was necessary in 25.9% of MPM cases for FISH assessment of predominantly scattered MPM cells.ConclusionsNF2 FISH alone or in combination with other diagnostic assays effectively differentiates MPM cells from RMCs in cell blocks prepared from pleural effusions.
Acceptability of a structured diet and exercise weight loss intervention in breast cancer survivors living with an overweight condition or obesity: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Beckenstein Hailee , Slim May , Kim Helene , Plourde Hugues , Kilgour Robert , Cohen Tamara R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss increases survivorship following breast cancer diagnosis. However, most breast cancer survivors (BCS) do not meet diet and exercise recommendations.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of BCS who had lymphedema and who participated in a 22‐week weight loss lifestyle intervention.Methods and resultsParticipants completed semi‐structured interviews about barriers and facilitators to intervention adherence. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was conducted. Participants (n = 17) were 62 ± 8.0 years of age with a mean body mass index of 34.0 ± 7.1 kg/m2. Four themes emerged: (1) facilitators of intervention adherence, (2) barriers of intervention adherence, (3) continuation of healthy habits post intervention, and (4) recommendations for intervention improvements. Facilitators of intervention adherence were education, social support, routine, motivation, goal‐setting, meal‐provisioning, self‐awareness, and supervised exercise. Barriers to intervention adherence were personal life, health, meal dissatisfaction, seasonality, unchallenging exercises, and exercising alone. All women planned to continue the acquired healthy habits post intervention. Recommendations to improve the study included addressing the exercise regime, meal‐provisioning, and dietary intake monitoring methods.ConclusionFuture strategies to engage BCS in weight loss interventions should promote group exercise, offer individualized meal‐provisioning and exercise regimes, provide transition tools, and allow participants to choose their self‐monitoring method.
An object perception and positioning method via deep perception learning object detection
Authors: Xiao Limei , Zhang Yachao , Gao Weizhe , Xu Dayou , Li Ce 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the fundamental problems when building perception systems for robot is to be able to provide semantic information as well as positioning in three‐dimensional (3D) space. However, two‐dimensional (2D) object detectors only can provide the semantic information and pixel coordinate in 2D space. While, the depth image can reflect the relative distance, and the semantic description of the object is poor. In this article, a novel object perception and positioning method via deep perception learning object detection is proposed. First, the RGB image and depth image are collected through the Kinect, and the depth image is processed to ensure the robustness of the model. Then, the RGB image can obtain the object semantic and pixel location information through an object detector based on deep learning. Finally, the object size measurement and 3D positioning are realized by combining the pixel location and the depth information. As a result, the advantages of very accurate 2D detector and the accurate depth information can be effectively captured in our model. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a high accuracy of size measurement and spatial positioning.
Ensure accessibility when moving to online formats
Authors: Hope Joan 
Published: January 2021

Online classes can be presented in a way that benefits everyone and meets the needs of students with disabilities, and it's not as hard as it seems, according to Tom Thibodeau, Assistant Provost at the New England Institute of Technology and co‐author of UDL in the Cloud! How to Design and Deliver Online Education Using Universal Design for Learning. He provided the following tips for incorporating Universal Design principles into online teaching in a webinar hosted by the Online Learning Consortium:
Paeonol protects melanocytes against hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Paeonol, a phenolic compound found in the root bark of Cortex Moutan, has been suggested to have therapeutic effects on various diseases through nuclear factor Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. However, the therapeutic effects of paeonol on vitiligo have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether paeonol could protect melanocytes against oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to mimic the oxidative stress. PIG1 cells were pretreated with paeonol for 24 h, and then were treated with H2O2 for 24 h. To detect the role of Nrf2, siRNA method was used to knockdown the Nrf2 expression. After that, cell viability, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activities, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream antioxidant genes were detected. Paeonol improved cell viability and melanogenesis in PIG1 cells treated with H2O2. Paeonol also alleviated oxidative stress by restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Paeonol promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of its downstream‐regulated antioxidative genes under oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA abolished the protective effects of paeonol on PIG1 cells against oxidative damage. Paeonol protected melanocytes against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress by Nrf2 mediated antioxidant pathways. Paeonol is a potential therapeutic drug for vitiligo.