bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing morphological characteristics of Goniodorididae genera (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)
Authors: Paz-Sedano Sofia , Díaz-Agras Guillermo , Gosliner Terrence M. , Pola Marta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetailed knowledge of the anatomy of the species is an essential element in taxonomic studies, since it allows the comparison and differentiation of separate groups of taxa. It becomes especially important when considering type species, as the subsequent identification of the species that compose the taxa is based on its characteristics, considered common in the group. However, despite its relevance, there are still numerous species without detailed descriptions, being especially significant among invertebrates. The family Goniodorididae is a little-known group of nudibranchs that includes eight recognized genera:Okenia,Goniodoris,Ancula,Lophodoris,Spahria,Trapania,GoniodoridellaandMurphydoris. Several of their species are not completely described, including type species, and the systematics of the family is still unclear. Here we study in detail the external morphology and internal anatomy of the type species of five of the eight Goniodorididae genera using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We include the speciesOkenia elegans,Goniodoris nodosa,Ancula gibbosa,Goniodoridella savignyiandMurphydoris singaporensisas well as one species ofTrapania,T. graeffei. We describe for the first time the detailed internal anatomy of the type speciesGoniodoridella savignyi. The diagnostic features of each genus are compared, and a preliminary framework is shown to clarify their systematics and identifications.
The influence of palm oil additives on the pour point and wax deposition tendencies of Chenor crude oil
Authors: Ragunathan Thevaruban , Wood Colin D. , Husin Hazlina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the major concerns during the production of crude oil especially in tropical waters is the deposition of wax on to the walls of the pipeline. This is due to the low seabed temperatures which can be below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) which leads to wax depositing out through molecular diffusion. Currently, there are many methods to prevent and remedy wax deposition but most of these solutions pose a serious environmental threat and are expensive to produce. Hence, this research investigated the use of an organic and cheaper alternative by utilizing synthetic fatty acid esters such as oleic acid which has shown promising results in reducing the pour point of waxy crude oils. The solution that was used was of palm oil origin, crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) and was subsequently compared with the pour point depressant and wax inhibition efficiency of the current industry used inhibitors utilizing the SETA Pour Point and Cloud Point as well as the cold finger apparatus. It was observed that the palm oil inhibitors were highly effective at 1 wt.% due to the high composition of oleic acid present portraying a similar result to Triethanolamine (TEA) while Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) performed best at low concentration of 0.1 wt.% but deteriorates significantly as the concentration increases due to the polar end agglomerating among itself.
Vitiligo and tumor response in a patient with amelanotic melanoma undergoing nivolumab treatment
Authors: Furune Satoshi , Kondo Chiaki , Takano Yuko , Shimokata Tomoya , Sugishita Mihoko , Mitsuma Ayako , Maeda Osamu , Ando Yuichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVitiligo, an acquired depigmenting disorder of the skin that reacts against normal melanocytes, sometimes occurs as an immune-related adverse event in the treatment of melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been known that the occurrence of vitiligo is associated with a favorable therapeutic response in patients with melanoma, but it is not yet clear whether the association also applies to amelanotic melanoma, a minor subtype of melanoma with little or no melanin pigmentation. We report a patient with amelanotic melanoma of the esophagus who responded well to nivolumab treatment. Shortly after the tumor response, vitiligo was found on the patient’s forearms. This case suggests that the occurrence of vitiligo is associated with a favorable response to nivolumab treatment for amelanotic melanoma.
Association between coronavirus cases and seasonal climatic variables in Mediterranean European Region, evidence by panel data regression
Authors: Alsayed A. R. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic is one of the most fast-spreading diseases in the history, and the transmission of this virus has crossed rapidly over the whole world. In this study, we intend to detect the effect of temperature, precipitation, and wind speed on the Coronavirus infected cases throughout climate seasons for the whole year of epidemic starting from February 20, 2020 to February 19, 2021 with considering data patterns of each season separately; winter, spring, summer, autumn, in Mediterranean European regions, whereas those are located at the similar temperature zone in southern Europe. We apply the panel data approach by considering the developed robust estimation of clustered standard error which leads to achieving high forecasting accuracy. The main finding supports that temperature and wind speed have significant influence in reducing the Coronavirus cases at the beginning of this epidemic particularly in the first-winter, spring, and early summer, but they have very weak effects in the autumn and second-winter. Therefore, it is important to take into account the changes throughout seasons, and to consider other indirect factors which influence the virus transmission. This finding could lead to significant contributions to policymakers in European Union and European Commission Environment to limit the Coronavirus transmissions. As the Mediterranean region becomes more crowded for tourism purposes particularly in the summer season.
Stability result of a suspension bridge Problem with time-varying delay and time-varying weight
Authors: Mukiawa Soh Edwin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a plate equation as a model for a suspension bridge with time-varying delay and time-varying weights. Under some conditions on the delay and weight functions, we establish a stability result for the associated energy functional. The present work extends and generalizes some similar results in the case of wave or plate equations.
What Factors Lead to Racial Disparities in Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Hu Daniel A. , Hu James B. , Lee Ariel , Rubenstein William J. , Hwang Kevin M. , Ibrahim Said A. , Kuo Alfred C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed, major elective surgeries in the USA. African American TKA patients on average experience worse clinical outcomes than whites, including lower improvements in patient-reported outcomes and higher rates of complications, hospital readmissions, and reoperations. The mechanisms leading to these racial health disparities are unclear, but likely involve patient, provider, healthcare system, and societal factors. Lower physical and mental health at baseline, lower social support, provider bias, lower rates of health insurance coverage, higher utilization of lower quality hospitals, and systemic racism may contribute to the inferior outcomes that African Americans experience. Limited evidence suggests that improving the quality of surgical care can offset these factors and lead to a reduction in outcome disparities.
Remarks on Parabolicity in a One-Dimensional Interdiffusion Model with the Vegard Rule
Authors: Sapa Lucjan , Bożek Bogusław , Danielewski Marek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUntil 1948 the interdiffusion theory was based on the Onsager phenomenology, namely thermodynamics of irreversible processes, and a drift was not included. Its main limitation is practical impossibility of the experimental as well as theoretical determination of mobilities (diffusivities) in multicomponent systems ($$r > 2$$

r
>
2

). After experimental discovery of the drift by Smigelskas and Kirkendall (Trans AIME 171:130–142, 1947), Darken (Trans AIME 175:184–201, 1948) formulated his famous model for the binary system. Consequently, the bi-velocity approach dominates interdiffusion studies (e.g. in more than 500 papers in 2020). In this paper, we consider the diffusional transport in a one-dimensional r-component solid solution. The model is expressed by the nonlinear system of strongly coupled evolution differential equations with initial and nonlinear coupled boundary conditions. We present a non-trivial proof of a theorem called the criterion of parabolicity, which implies the generalized parabolicity condition formulated without a proof in our previous works. This condition is a key in the proofs of our previous theorems on existence, uniqueness and properties of global weak solutions of the differential problem studied. The criterion of parabolicity works if diffusion coefficients are not too dispersed, and it is true in many physical systems. The numerical simulations consistent with real experiments for which our criterion works are given.
Intralogistik im Zeitalter des digitalen Wandels: Arbeitsanforderungen und psychische Beanspruchung in der Kommissionierung am Beispiel eines Unternehmens aus dem E-Commerce-Bereich
Authors: Rinkenauer Gerhard , Reiser Julian Elias , Renker Johanna , Kretschmer Veronika 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer E‑Commerce-Bereich erfährt aufgrund der Digitalisierung einen kontinuierlichen Aufschwung in der Logistik. Der Mensch bleibt vor dem Hintergrund der mehrheitlich manuell ausgeführten Tätigkeiten eine entscheidende Ressource im Lager, die es, mit besonderem Blick auf den demografischen Wandel, zu halten und zu integrieren gilt. Im Beitrag werden die Befragungsergebnisse einer Feldstudie mit dem Fokus auf den Bereich der Kommissionierung, die bei einem großen Versandhändler durchgeführt wurde, exemplarisch beschrieben und mit Befragungsergebnissen von anderen Betrieben verglichen. In Anlehnung an das Anforderungs-Ressourcen-Modell werden neben den Zielgrößen Arbeitsfähigkeit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Gesundheit, Stressoren, Herausforderungen und Ressourcen beleuchtet. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich Stressoren und Arbeitsressourcen in etwa ausgleichen, auch wenn sich z. B. Arbeitszufriedenheit und Gesundheit lediglich auf einem mittleren Niveau befinden. Vor allem die Autonomie der Beschäftigten birgt noch Handlungsbedarf. Die digitale Transformation wird als Chance gesehen, den Handlungs- und Entscheidungsspielraum zu erweitern.Praktische Relevanz: Die operative Logistik birgt aufgrund der manuell geprägten Tätigkeiten und der vorgegebenen Prozesse eine Vielzahl an Arbeitsanforderungen, die zu psychischer Fehlbeanspruchungen und langfristig zu Störungen oder Erkrankungen führen können. Zur Kompensation der Stressoren ist die Erweiterung von arbeitsbedingten Ressourcen notwendig. Die Digitalisierung wird als Chance gesehen, diese auszubauen.
Microwave-assisted combustion to produce benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular markers for biochar identification and quantification
Authors: Glaser Bruno , Guenther Marie , Maennicke Heike , Bromm Tobias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiochar is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology for climate change mitigation. Current procedures for its determination are lengthy, labor-intensive, and difficult to conduct. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA) are the most promising molecular markers for identification and quantification of biochar and its quality as they specifically represent the stable polyaromatic backbone of biochar. Therefore, using the BPCA method, its stability and, thus, its C sequestration potential could be used for CDR accounting. The current BPCA method relies on a specific high-pressure digestion apparatus, which is not available around the world. Therefore, the aims of the present work were (i) to compare the conventional high-pressure nitric acid oxidation with a microwave-assisted digestion technique and optimize the oxidation conditions in such a way that previous results are comparable with future ones, and (ii) to significantly reduce the digestion time of soil samples of 8 h and to develop a suitable routine method that produces comparable and reproducible results. For this purpose, soil and control sample series were prepared for different temperature–time-program. Obtained results were compared with the values of the conventional method both for individual samples and for the whole dataset separately. To ensure the representativeness of the results, in addition to various soil samples with different properties, we included two reference materials into our data set, one without biochar (wheat flour) and a biochar sample. Our results showed that conventional nitric acid oxidation in the BPCA determination at 170 °C and 8 h can be substituted by digestion in a microwave reaction system (CEM Mars6) at 190 °C and 1 h. Our results further showed that this condition needs to be strictly matched, because, otherwise, over- or underestimation of biochar quantity and/or quality will be the consequence. The goal of a less time-consuming BPCA extraction from soil samples was achieved by reducing the extraction time from 8 to 1 h using the microwave-assisted method. However, one disadvantage of the new method is that five times more sample material and chemicals are needed for further BPCA analysis, compared to the original method.
A survey of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in a human–animal–environmental interface: the Oloisukut Conservancy, Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Mulinge E. , Zeyhle E. , Mpario J. , Mugo M. , Nungari L. , Ngugi B. , Sankale B. , Gathura P. , Magambo J. , Kachani M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dogs living in a domestic–wildlife interface can serve as reservoirs and sentinels of parasites shared among humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In Kenya, the epidemiology of intestinal parasites of dogs and their role as reservoirs of zoonoses is poorly understood, especially in domestic–wildlife interfaces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in the Oloisukut Conservancy. One hundred dog faecal samples were collected per rectum and examined microscopically following zinc chloride flotation and formal-ether concentration techniques. Genotyping of helminths was achieved by nested polymerase chain reaction of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, cytochrome oxidase 1 and partial sequencing. Nine genera were detected by microscopy in 65 (65%) dog faecal samples from 54/76 (71.05%) households. The most frequent helminths were hookworm (39%), Spirometra spp. (17%), taeniids (13%), Toxocara spp. (10%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Spirocerca lupi (5%), Physaloptera spp. (2%), Dipylidium caninum (1%) and Strongyloides spp. (1%). Ancylostoma caninum was the only hookworm species detected in dogs, while Taenia serialis and Taenia madoquae were detected in four and one faecal samples, respectively. This study reports for the first time the molecular detection of the cestodes Spirometra theileri, D. caninum and Mesocestoides sp. in dogs in Kenya. The presence of zoonotic helminths in dogs indicates that the residents of this conservancy are exposed to public health risks. The helminths reported here confirm the interaction of domestic dogs with wildlife. An integrated control programme involving the medical, veterinary and wildlife conservation professionals is needed to avert transmission of infectious diseases to humans, domestic animals and wildlife.
On bucket increasing trees, clustered increasing trees and increasing diamonds
Authors: Kuba Markus , Panholzer Alois 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work we analyse bucket increasing tree families. We introduce two simple stochastic growth processes, generating random bucket increasing trees of size n, complementing the earlier result of Mahmoud and Smythe (1995, Theoret. Comput. Sci.144 221–249.) for bucket recursive trees. On the combinatorial side, we define multilabelled generalisations of the tree families d-ary increasing trees and generalised plane-oriented recursive trees. Additionally, we introduce a clustering process for ordinary increasing trees and relate it to bucket increasing trees. We discuss in detail the bucket size two and present a bijection between such bucket increasing tree families and certain families of graphs called increasing diamonds, providing an explanation for phenomena observed by Bodini et al. (2016, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.9644 207–219.). Concerning structural properties of bucket increasing trees, we analyse the tree parameter
$K_n$
. It counts the initial bucket size of the node containing label n in a tree of size n and is closely related to the distribution of node types. Additionally, we analyse the parameters descendants of label j and degree of the bucket containing label j, providing distributional decompositions, complementing and extending earlier results (Kuba and Panholzer (2010), Theoret. Comput. Sci.411(34–36) 3255–3273.).
Decadal Variations in Hydroxy Fatty Acids Over Chichijima Island in the North Pacific: Long‐Term Seasonal Variability in Plant and Microbial Markers
Authors: Bikkina Poonam , Kawamura Kimitaka , Bikkina Srinivas , Yamaguchi Hayato 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo understand the sources and transport pathways of organic compounds associated with soil microbes and higher plant waxes in the East Asian outflow, we assessed source‐specific tracers such as α‐, β‐ and ω‐hydroxy fatty acids (FAs) in remote marine aerosols collected at Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific (WNP) during 2001–2003. Molecular distributions of hydroxy FAs are characterized by strong even‐carbon numbered predominance, indicating biogenic sources. Hydroxy FAs showed a strong seasonality with higher loadings during winter/spring than summer/autumn. Cluster analysis of backward air mass trajectories, satellite‐based fire counts and dust extinction data reveal an impact of the East Asian outflow over the WNP in winter/spring. In the spring, there are larger relative abundances of short‐chain β‐hydroxy C10‐C18 FAs (a proxy for soil microbes), consistent with the higher loadings of non‐sea‐salt Ca2+ (dust tracer). The molecular distributions of β‐hydroxy FAs in spring are in agreement with those of the reference materials of Chinese loess (CJ‐1) and simulated Asian mineral dust (CJ‐2), suggesting their probable sources in East Asia. A comparison of relative abundances of short‐chain β‐hydroxy C10‐C18 FAs and long‐chain ω‐hydroxy C20‐C32 FAs (a proxy for higher plant metabolites) in Chichijima aerosols between this (2001–2003) and previous (1990–1993) studies have unveiled an increment of 20% and 30%, respectively. Such an increase was likely caused by the changes in source strength on a decadal‐scale and warrants further investigation. Furthermore, cluster analysis of trajectories and the overall distributions of hydroxy FAs between both datasets have shown their similar provenance in winter/spring.
Thin Current Sheet Behind the Dipolarization Front
Authors: Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Panov E. V. , Schmid D. , Varsani A. , Apatenkov S. , Sergeev V. A. , Birn J. , Nagai T. , Gabrielse C. , André M. , Burch J. L. , Carr C. , Dandouras I. S. , Escoubet C. P. , Fazakerley A. N. , Giles B. L. , Le Contel O. , Russell C. T. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a unique conjugate observation of fast flows and associated current sheet disturbances in the near‐Earth magnetotail by MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale) and Cluster preceding a positive bay onset of a small substorm at ∼14:10 UT, September 8, 2018. MMS and Cluster were located both at X ∼ −14 RE. A dipolarization front (DF) of a localized fast flow was detected by Cluster and MMS, separated in the dawn‐dusk direction by ∼4 RE, almost simultaneously. Adiabatic electron acceleration signatures revealed from the comparison of the energy spectra confirm that both spacecraft encounter the same DF. We analyzed the change in the current sheet structure based on multi‐scale multi‐point data analysis. The current sheet thickened during the passage of DF, yet, temporally thinned subsequently associated with another flow enhancement centered more on the dawnward side of the initial flow. MMS and Cluster observed intense perpendicular and parallel current in the off‐equatorial region mainly during this interval of the current sheet thinning. Maximum field‐aligned currents both at MMS and Cluster are directed tailward. Detailed analysis of MMS data showed that the intense field‐aligned currents consisted of multiple small‐scale intense current layers accompanied by enhanced Hall‐currents in the dawn‐dusk flow‐shear region. We suggest that the current sheet thinning is related to the flow bouncing process and/or to the expansion/activation of reconnection. Based on these mesoscale and small‐scale multipoint observations, 3D evolution of the flow and current‐sheet disturbances was inferred preceding the development of a substorm current wedge.
Influences of Dead‐End Pores in Porous Media on Viscous Fingering Instabilities and Cleanup of NAPLs in Miscible Displacements
Authors: Yuan Qingwang , Ma Zhiwei , Wang Jinjie , Zhou Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImproving the understanding of mechanisms involved in a low miscible displacement efficiency is significant for a wide spectrum of applications in subsurface from environment such as groundwater remediation and sequestration to energy extraction such as enhanced oil recovery and geothermal recovery. Two key limiting factors to the efficiency are viscous fingering (VF) instability and dead‐end pores in porous media. Previous research on VF simply assumes all pores are well connected and fluids can be mobilized by convection. However, fluids trapped in dead‐end pores, such as nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in groundwater remediation, are inaccessible to convection, resulting in even less efficient displacements. Instead of the classic convection‐diffusion/dispersion equation, in this work, we use a fundamentally different capacitance model to incorporate the mass transfer between two pore types in miscible displacements. The hybrid pseudospectral and high‐order finite difference methods are employed to solve the governing equations in a fixed reference frame for simulating the flow dynamics. We found that the viscous fingering instabilities in well‐connected pore network led to an unstable, nonuniform distribution of trapped NAPLs in dead‐end pores network. Different with a traditional view that NAPLs are easily cleaned up, our study indicates the existence of dead‐end pores results in an inefficient cleanup of NAPLs in swept area because of the slow mass transfer of trapped NAPLs between two pore types. A simple model is developed to accurately predict the NAPL concentration behind finger trailing front, which has not been previously examined. Six flow regimes, four of which are new, are then identified.