bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Starmerella bacillaris and Zygosaccharomyces bailii on ethanol reduction and Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism during mixed wine fermentations
Authors: Capece Angela , Pietrafesa Angela , Siesto Gabriella , Pietrafesa Rocchina , Garrigós Víctor , Romano Patrizia , Matallana Emilia , Aranda Agustín 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe bulk of grape juice fermentation is carried out by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but non-Saccharomyces yeasts can modulate many sensorial aspects of the final products in ways not well understood. In this study, some of such non-conventional yeasts were screened as mixed starter cultures in a fermentation defined medium in both simultaneous and sequential inoculations. One strain of Starmerella bacillaris and another of Zygosaccharomyces bailii were chosen by their distinct phenotypic footprint and their ability to reduce ethanol levels at the end of fermentation, particularly during simultaneous vinification. S. bacillaris losses viability strongly at the end of mixed fermentation, while Z. bailii remains viable until the end of vinification. Interestingly, for most non-Saccharomyces yeasts, simultaneous inoculation helps for survival at the end of fermentation compared to sequential inoculation. S. cerevisiae viability was unchanged by the presence of the either yeast. Characterization of both strains indicates that S. bacillaris behavior is overall more different from S. cerevisiae than Z. bailii. S. bacillaris has a less strict glucose repression mechanism and molecular markers like catabolite repression kinase Snf1 is quite different in size. Besides, S. cerevisiae transcriptome changes to a bigger degree in the presence of S. bacillaris than when inoculated with Z. bailii. S. bacillaris induces the translation machinery and repress vesicular transport. Both non-Saccharomyces yeast induce S. cerevisiae glycolytic genes, and that may be related to ethanol lowering, but there are specific aspects of carbon-related mechanisms between strains: Z. bailii presence increases the stress-related polysaccharides trehalose and glycogen while S. bacillaris induces gluconeogenesis genes.
H3K4me3 enrichment defines neuronal age, while a youthful H3K27ac signature is recapitulated in aged neurons
Authors: Giles Katherine A. , Phipps Andrew J. , Cashion Jake M. , Huskins Shannon N. , Mercer Timothy R. , Robinson Mark D. , Woodhouse Adele , Taberlay Phillippa C. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTNeurons live for the lifespan of the individual and underlie our ability for lifelong learning and memory. However, aging alters neuron morphology and function resulting in age-related cognitive decline. It is well established that epigenetic alterations are essential for learning and memory, yet few neuron-specific genome-wide epigenetic maps exist into old age. Comprehensive mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac in mouse neurons across lifespan revealed plastic H3K4me3 marking that differentiates neuronal age linked to known characteristics of cellular and neuronal aging. We determined that neurons in old age recapitulate the H3K27ac enrichment at promoters, enhancers and super enhancers from young adult neurons, likely representing a re-activation of pathways to maintain neuronal output. Finally, this study identified new characteristics of neuronal aging, including altered rDNA regulation and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Collectively, these findings indicate a key role for epigenetic regulation in neurons, that is inextricably linked with aging.
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated MYO1E mutations have differential effects on myosin 1e localization, dynamics, and activity
Authors: Liu Pei-Ju , Gunther Laura K. , Perez Diana , Bi-Karchin Jing , Pellenz Christopher D. , Chase Sharon E. , Presti Maria F. , Plante Eric L. , Martin Claire E. , Lovric Svjetlana , Yengo Christopher M. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Krendel Mira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMyo1e is a non-muscle motor protein enriched in the podocyte foot processes. Mutations in MYO1E are associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Here, we set out to differentiate between the pathogenic and neutral MYO1E variants identified in SRNS patients by exome sequencing. Based on protein sequence conservation and structural predictions, two mutations in the motor domain, T119I and D388H, were selected for this study. EGFP-tagged Myo1e constructs were delivered into the Myo1e-KO podocytes via adenoviral infection to analyze Myo1e protein stability, Myo1e localization, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which is known to involve Myo1e activity. Furthermore, truncated Myo1e constructs were expressed using the baculoviral expression system and used to measure Myo1e ATPase and motor activity in vitro. Both mutants were expressed as full-length proteins in the Myo1e-KO podocytes. However, unlike wild-type (WT) Myo1e, the T119I variant was not enriched at the cell junctions or clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) in podocytes. In contrast, the D388H variant localization was similar to the WT. Surprisingly, the dissociation of the D388H variant from cell-cell junctions and CCVs was decreased, suggesting that this mutation also affects Myo1e activity. The ATPase activity and the ability to translocate actin filaments were drastically reduced for the D388H mutant, supporting the findings from cell-based experiments. The experimental pipeline developed in this study allowed us to determine that the T119I and D388H mutations appear to be pathogenic and gain additional knowledge in the Myo1e role in podocytes. This workflow can be applied to the future characterization of novel MYO1E variants associated with SRNS.
Identification and Characterization of Stem Cells in Mammalian Esophageal Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Authors: Yang Yanan , Deng Guodong , Qiao Lili , Yuan Hui , Yu Xiaohong , Xu Lei , Lu Shih-Hsin , Jiang Wei , Yu Xiying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSomatic stem cells are essential for maintenance of cell proliferation-differentiation homeostasis in organs. Despite the importance, how the esophageal epithelium that executes its self-renewal and maintenance remains elusive. In this study, using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) label-chase in rat and rat esophageal keratinocyte cell line-derived organoids together with genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identify slow cycling/quiescent stem cell population that contain high levels of hemidesmosome (HD)’s and low levels of Wnt signaling localized spatially and randomly at the basal layer of the esophageal epithelium. Pseudo-time cell trajectory from scRNA-seq indicates that cell fates begin from quiescent basal cells (the stem cells) of the basal layer that produce proliferating and/or differentiating cells in the basal layer, which, in turn, progress into differentiating cells in the suprabasal layer, ultimately transforming into differentiated keratinocytes in the differentiated layer. Perturbations of HD component expressions and/or Wnt signaling reduce stem cell in the basal layer of esophageal keratinocyte organoids, resulting in alterations of organoid formation rate, size, morphogenesis and proliferation-differentiation homeostasis. Furthermore, we show that not only high levels of HDs and low levels of Wnt signaling but also an interplay between HD and Wnt signaling defined stem cells of the basal layer in the esophageal squamous epithelium. Hence, HDs and Wnt signaling are the critical determinants for defining stem cells of the basal layer required for proliferation-differentiation homeostasis and maintenance in the mammalian esophageal squamous epithelium.
TBC1D18, a novel Rab5-GAP, coordinates endosome maturation together with Mon1
Authors: Hiragi Shu , Matsui Takahide , Sakamaki Yuriko , Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYEndosome maturation is essential for efficient degradation of internalized extracellular molecules and plasma membrane proteins. Two Rab GTPases, Rab5 and Rab7, are known to regulate endosome maturation, and a Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion mediated by a Rab7 activator, Mon1–Ccz1, is essential for progression of the maturation process. However, the importance and mechanism of Rab5 inactivation during endosome maturation is poorly understood. Here we report a novel Rab5 inactivator (Rab5-GTPase activating protein [Rab5-GAP]), TBC1D18, which is associated with Mon1 and mediates endosome maturation. We found that Rab5 hyperactivation in addition to Rab7 inactivation occurs in the absence of Mon1. We present evidence showing that the severe defects in endosome maturation observed in Mon1-KO cells are attributable to Rab5 hyperactivation rather than to Rab7 inactivation. We then identified TBC1D18 as a Rab5-GAP by comprehensive screening of TBC-domain-containing Rab-GAPs. Expression of TBC1D18 in Mon1-KO cells rescued the defects in endosome maturation, whereas its depletion attenuated endosome formation and degradation of endocytosed cargos. Moreover, TBC1D18 was found to be able to interact with Mon1, and it localized in close proximity to lysosomes in a Mon1-dependent manner. Thus, TBC1D18 is a crucial regulator of endosome maturation that functions together with Mon1.
α-hemolysin ofStaphylococcus aureusimpairs thrombus formation
Authors: Jahn Kristin , Handtke Stefan , Palankar Raghavendra , Kohler Thomas P. , Wesche Jan , Wolff Martina , Bayer Janina , Wolz Christiane , Greinacher Andreas , Hammerschmidt Sven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractToxins are key virulence determinants of pathogens and can impair the function of host immune cells including platelets. Insights into pathogen toxin interference with platelets will be pivotal to improve treatment of patients with bacterial bloodstream infections. In this study, we deciphered the effects ofStaphylococcus aureustoxins α-hemolysin, LukAB, LukDE and LukSF on human platelets and compared the effects with the pore forming toxin pneumolysin ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. In contrast to pneumolysin, α-hemolysin initially activates platelets as indicated by CD62P and αIIbβ3 integrin expression, but the resulting pores also induce alterations in the phenotype of platelets and induce apoptosis of platelets. The presence of small amounts of α-hemolysin (0.2 µg/mL) in whole blood abrogates thrombus formation indicating that in systemic infections withS. aureusthe stability of formed thrombi is impaired. This might be of high clinical relevance forS. aureusinduced endocarditis of the aortic valves. Stabilizing the thrombi by inhibiting α-hemolysin induced impairment of platelets likely reduces the risk for septic (micro-)embolization. However, in contrast to pneumolysin, α-hemolysin induced platelets damage could not be neutralized by intravenous immune globulins. In contrast to α-hemolysin,S. aureusbi-component pore forming leukocidins LukAB, LukED and LukSF do not bind to platelets and had no significant effect on platelet activation and viability.Main point 1: α-hemolysin forms pores in platelets, which first activate but then result in apoptosis and impairs thrombus formation and stabilityMain point 2: Polyvalent immunoglobulins do not neutralize the mode of action of the toxin
Cross-stress gene expression atlas of Marchantia polymorpha reveals the hierarchy and regulatory principles of abiotic stress responses
Authors: Tan Qiao Wen , Lim Peng Ken , Chen Zhong , Pasha Asher , Provart Nicholas , Arend Marius , Nikoloski Zoran , Mutwil Marek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbiotic stresses negatively impact ecosystems and the yield of crops, and climate change will increase their frequency and intensity. Despite progress in understanding how plants respond to individual stresses, our knowledge of plant acclimatization to combined stresses–typically occurring in nature is still lacking. Here, we used a plant with minimal regulatory network redundancy, Marchantia polymorpha, to study how seven abiotic stresses, alone and in 19 pairwise combinations, affect the phenotype, gene expression, and activity of cellular pathways. We found a high divergence of transcriptomic stress responses between Arabidopsis and Marchantia, suggesting that the stress-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) between bryophytes and angiosperms are not strongly conserved. The reconstructed high-confidence GRNs demonstrated that the response to specific stresses dominates those of others by relying on a large ensemble of transcription factors. We also showed that a regression model could accurately predict the gene expression under combined stresses, indicating that Marchantia performs arithmetic addition to respond to multiple stresses. Finally, we provide two online resources (https://conekt.plant.tools and http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_marchantia/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi) to facilitate the study of gene expression in Marchantia exposed to abiotic stresses.
Frizzled-4 regulates β-catenin in endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow via an atypical Wnt pathway leading to proinflammatory activation and increased permeability
Authors: Rickman Matthew , Ghim Mean , Pang Kuin Tian , von Huelsen Rocha Ana Cristina , Drudi Elena M. , Sureda-Vives  , Ayoub Nicolas , Tajadura-Ortega Virginia , George Sarah J. , Weinberg Peter D. , Warboys Christina M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial cells are regulated by hemodynamic wall shear stress and multidirectional shear stress is known to promote endothelial dysfunction, although the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Wnt pathways play an important role in non-vascular mechanoresponsive cells. Here we investigated their role in endothelial mechanosignalling and endothelial dysfunction.Approach & ResultsHuman aortic endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress using an orbital shaker. The expression of Frizzled-4 receptors was significantly increased in endothelial cells exposed to low magnitude multidirectional flow (LMMF) relative to high magnitude uniaxial flow (HMUF). Increased expression was also detected in regions of the murine aortic arch exposed to LMMF. The increased Frizzled-4 expression in cultured cells was abrogated following knockdown of R-spondin-3 (RSPO-3) using RNA interference. LMMF also increased the stabilisation and nuclear localisation of β-catenin, an effect that was dependent on Frizzled-4 and RSPO-3. Inhibition of β-catenin using a small molecule inhibitor (iCRT5), or knockdown of Frizzled-4 or R-spondin-3 resulted in a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells exposed to LMMF. Stabilisation of the β-catenin destruction complex using IWR-1 under LMMF also reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression, as did inhibition of Wnt5a signalling. Interestingly, inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway had no effect. Inhibition of β-catenin signalling also reduced endothelial permeability; this was associated with altered junctional and focal adhesion organisation and cytoskeletal remodelling.ConclusionsThese data suggest the presence of an atypical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in endothelial cells that promotes inflammatory activation and barrier disruption in response to LMMF.
Playing the cards right: exploring the way leadership influences organizational citizenship behavior for the environment in megaprojects
Authors: Wang Ge , Locatelli Giorgio , Zhang Huijin , Wan Jingyuan , Chen Yufan 
Published: November 2021

PurposeOrganizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBEs) represent a crucial element of environmental sustainability for a wide range of organizations. However, the leadership mechanisms underlying OCBEs are as yet unexplored, particularly regarding the delivering megaprojects. The paper aims to investigate how transformational leadership (TFL) and transactional leadership (TSL) styles shape the environmental commitment (EC) of subordinates, motivating OCBEs in megaprojects.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares modeling and hierarchical regression were performed on data obtained from 140 experts who have been involved in megaprojects.FindingsBoth TFL and TSL styles are effective in motivating OCBEs, although the EC of subordinates partially mediates these relationships. The power distance (PD) orientation significantly moderates the relationship between TFL and OCBEs, with the relationship being more positive when the PD of subordinates is lower. Unexpectedly, a collectivist orientation (CO) was found to elevate the effect of TSL but weaken the effect of TFL.Originality/valueThe mixed and contradictory findings regarding TFL and TSL styles are reconciled in the current study by integrating the contextual factors of PD and CO. The findings of the study shed new light on “playing the cards right” when using the leadership practices, i.e. how leadership can be better leveraged to cultivate subordinates' OCBEs. They also provide targeted guidance for shaping contextual factors to increase the environmental sustainability of megaprojects.
How can we promote co-creation in communities? The perspective of health promoting professionals in four European countries
Authors: Darlington Emily Joan , Pearce Gemma , Vilaça Teresa , Masson Julien , Bernard Sandie , Anastácio Zélia , Magee Paul , Christensen Frants , Hansen Henriette , Carvalho Graça S. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe aim was to identify the competencies professionals need to promote co-creation engagement within communities.Design/methodology/approachCo-creation could contribute to building community capacity to promote health. Professional development is key to support co-creative practices. Participants were professionals in a position to promote co-creation processes in health-promoting welfare settings across Denmark, Portugal, France and United Kingdom. An overarching unstructured topic guide was used within interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and creative activities.FindingsThe need to develop competencies to promote co-creation was high across all countries. Creating a common understanding of co-creation and the processes involved to increase inclusivity, engagement and shared understanding was also necessary. Competencies included: How to run co-creation from the beginning of the process right through to evaluation, using feedback and communication throughout using an open action-oriented approach; initiating a perspective change and committing to the transformation of co-creation into a real-life process.Practical implicationsOverall, learning about underlying principles, process initiation, implementation and facilitation of co-creation were areas identified to be included within a co-creation training programme. This can be applied through the framework of enabling change, advocating for co-creative processes, mediating through partnership, communication, leadership, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation and research, ethical values and knowledge of co-creative processes.Originality/valueThis study provides novel findings on the competencies needed for health promoting professionals to embed co-creative processes within their practice, and the key concerns that professionals with a position to mediate co-creation have in transferring the abstract term of co-creation into a real-world practice.
Mobilisation of survivability capital – family firm response to the coronavirus crisis
Authors: Żukowska Beata Agnieszka , Martyniuk Olga Anna , Zajkowski Robert 
Published: November 2021

PurposeSurvivability capital is a unique resource resulting from the “familiness” constituting an inherent feature of family firms. Familiness represents the ability of family members to reinforce the financial and non-financial resources of businesses facing threats to their economic existence. This work proposes and examines various dimensions of the survivability capital construct, verifying whether family firms expecting deterioration of their economic situation or problems with survival due to the COVID-19 crisis can mobilise sufficient capital to survive.Design/methodology/approachThis article provides empirical evidence based on a cross-sectional online survey of 167 Polish family firms, conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The method (scale) of survivability capital measurement was elaborated and validated using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Next, the mobilisation of the different dimensions of survivability capital was examined using PLS-SEM modelling.FindingsThe survivability capital of family firms is composed of two dimensions: internal (based on directly involved family members) and external (based on not directly involved family members). Family firms facing crisis-induced deterioration of the economic situation engage its internal component. Subsequently, family firms forecasting decreasing probability of survival during a crisis try to engage both the internal and the external components of survivability capital. Such behaviour is in line with the resource-based view as well as with the sustainable family business theory.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine analytically the survivability capital construct. While previous studies mentioned the existence of survivability capital, this study attempts to introduce its various dimensions and test the mobilisation of survivability capital during the COVID-19 crisis.
Tax enforcement and private firms' audited financial statements: the moderating role of secrecy culture
Authors: Prabowo Ronny , Sucahyo Usil Sis , Damayanti Theresia Woro , Supramono Supramono 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe research aims to investigate the moderating role of secrecy culture on the effect of tax enforcement on the likelihood that private firms hire external auditors.Design/methodology/approachThe study generates more than 70,000 observations from 83 country-years from the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2018 dataset. Because the study focuses on private firms in emerging countries, data on publicly listed firms and firms from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries are deleted. The secrecy culture data are generated from Hofstede's website. The data are then analyzed with logit analyses because the dependent variable is binary.FindingsThe results demonstrate that tax enforcement increases the likelihood that private firms hire external auditors. Further, secrecy culture weakens the relationship between tax enforcement and audit demand.Practical implicationsGovernments in emerging countries need to encourage private firms to hire external auditors by intensifying tax enforcement because private firms often do not appreciate the importance of high-quality financial statements. However, secretive national culture may reduce tax enforcement's effectiveness in motivating private firms to hire external auditors. Hence, governments of highly secretive countries need to address this issue and find alternative ways to promote audited financial statements.Originality/valueAudit demand of private firms in emerging countries is relatively understudied, especially concerning tax enforcement. Furthermore, the research also focuses on the moderating role of national culture (secrecy) in explaining the relationship between tax enforcement and audit demand.