bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-pulse-energy III-V-on-silicon-nitride mode-locked laser
Authors: Hermans Artur , Van Gasse Kasper , Kjellman Jon Ø. , Caër Charles , Nakamura Tasuku , Inada Yasuhisa , Hisada Kazuya , Hirasawa Taku , Cuyvers Stijn , Kumari Sulakshna , Marinins Aleksandrs , Jansen Roelof , Roelkens Günther , Soussan Philippe , Rottenberg Xavier , Kuyken Bart 
Published: September 2021

Mode-locked lasers find their use in a large number of applications, for instance, in spectroscopic sensing, distance measurements, and optical communication. To enable widespread use of mode-locked lasers, their on-chip integration is desired. In recent years, there have been multiple demonstrations of monolithic III-V and heterogeneous III-V-on-silicon mode-locked lasers. However, the pulse energy, noise performance, and stability of these mode-locked lasers are limited by the relatively high linear and nonlinear waveguide loss, and the high temperature sensitivity of said platforms. Here, we demonstrate a heterogeneous III-V-on-silicon-nitride (III-V-on-SiN) electrically pumped mode-locked laser. SiN’s low waveguide loss, negligible two-photon absorption at telecom wavelengths, and small thermo-optic coefficient enable low-noise mode-locked lasers with high pulse energies and excellent temperature stability. Our mode-locked laser emits at a wavelength of 1.6 μm, has a pulse repetition rate of 3 GHz, a high on-chip pulse energy of ≈2 pJ, a narrow RF linewidth of 400 Hz, and an optical linewidth &lt;1 MHz. The SiN photonic circuits are fabricated on 200 mm silicon wafers in a CMOS pilot line and include an amorphous silicon waveguide layer for efficient coupling from the SiN to the III-V waveguide. The III-V integration is done by micro-transfer-printing, a technique that enables the transfer of thin-film devices in a massively parallel manner on a wafer scale.
Ge doping of β-Ga2O3 by MOCVD
Authors: Alema Fikadu , Seryogin George , Osinsky Alexei , Osinsky Andrei 
Published: September 2021

We report on the Ge doping of Ga2O3 using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) epitaxy. The effects of the GeH4/N2 flow rate, substrate temperature, VI/III ratio, type of Ga precursor, and MOCVD reactor geometry on the incorporation efficiency of Ge into Ga2O3 were explored. The Ge concentration incorporated into the films was quantified using Hall and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements. The increase in the GeH4/N2 flow rate, decrease in the substrate temperature, and increase in the VI/III ratio increase the amount of Ge incorporated into Ga2O3. The incorporation of Ge into the lattice of Ga2O3 was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate temperature, i.e., lowering the growth temperature leads to a higher doping concentration. Films with a free carrier concentration ranging from ∼2 × 1016 to ∼3 × 1020 cm−3 and corresponding mobilities ranging from ∼140 to ∼38 cm2/Vs were realized. The incorporation of Ge into the films was also found to be strongly dependent on the metalorganic precursor type used for the growth of the Ga2O3 film. We found that it was more challenging to dope Ga2O3 with Ge using trimethylgallium rather than triethylgallium as a source for Ga. Additionally, we found that Ge doping has a strong memory effect dependent on the reactor geometry. The result highlights the challenges in achieving controllable Ge doping for n-type conductivity despite all the positive indicators from theoretical studies that suggest that Ge is a suitable dopant candidate for Ga2O3 similar to Si and Sn.
Developmental Validation of the Novel Six-Dye GoldeneyeTM DNA ID System 35InDel Kit for Forensic Application
Authors: Yang Qi , Yu Huan , Qu Yiling , Zhang Xiaochun , Xia Ruocheng , Wang Ziwei , Tan Rui , Xiong Lei , Xi Shihan , Wu Jun , Gao Yuzhen , Zhang Suhua , Li Chengtao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have been treated as a prospective and helpful genetic marker in the fields of forensic human identification, anthropology and population genetics for the past few years. In this study, we developed a six-dye multiplex typing system consisting of 34 autosomal InDels and Amelogenin for forensic application. The contained InDels were specifically selected for Chinese population with the MAF ≥ 0.25 in East Asia, which do not overlap with the markers of Investigator® DIPplex kit. The typing system was named as GoldeneyeTM DNA ID System 35InDel Kit, and a series of developmental validation studies including repeatability/reproducibility, concordance, accuracy, sensitivity, stability, species specificity and population genetics were conducted on this kit. We confirmed that the 35InDel kit is precise, sensitive, species specific and robust for forensic practice. Moreover, the 35InDel kit is capable of typing DNA extracted from forensic routine case-type samples as well as degraded samples and mixture samples. All markers are proved to be highly polymorphic with an average observed heterozygosity (He) of 0.4582. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) is 0.999 999 999 999 978 and the combined power of exclusion in duos (CPED) and trios (CPET) are 0.978 837 and 0.999573, respectively, which are higher than those of the Investigator® DIPplex kit. Thus, the GoldeneyeTM DNA ID System 35InDel kit is suitable for forensic human identification and could serve as a supplementary typing system for paternity testing.
Quantifying fire severity: a brief review and recommendations for improvement
Authors: Han Dongdong , Di Xueying , Yang Guang , Sun Long , Weng Yuetai 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Quantifying fire severity is an important aspect of studying the response mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems to wildfire, and it is of great significance to fire ecology. In this paper we comprehensively introduce and compare the classification and quantification methods for fire severity; we discuss the development and application status of various methods, and we elucidate their existing problems.
Results:
1) According to features of the burned area, fire severity can be classified as light, moderate, and heavy. 2) Using composite burn index (CBI) to quantify and record the fire severity. 3) In quantifying fire severity with vegetation change, there are certain limitations and theoretical problems to be solved. 4) Remote sensing could very well be an important means of measuring fire severity in the future, but there are still many problems that need to be solved before the remote sensing index can become a global fire severity indicator.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Only by clarifying the relationship between fire behavior, fire severity, time related variables and the pre- and post-fire ecosystem can the existing models be perfected or new, better fire severity measurement models be proposed for broad applications.
Increasing risks of crop failure and water scarcity in global breadbaskets by 2030
Authors: Caparas Monica , Zobel Zachary , Castanho Andrea D A , Schwalm Christopher R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As the greatest water user in the world, the agricultural sector is vulnerable to changes in climate and water resource availability. Understanding the impact of these changes on crop yield is critical in order to achieve and maintain global food security. We analyze output from an ensemble of Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project models to project the probability of rice, soybean, maize, and wheat yield failures across global and national breadbaskets through mid-century. The probability of crop yield failures is projected to be as much as 4.5 times higher by 2030 and up to 25 times higher by 2050 across global breadbaskets. Crop failures are projected to be more likely when effects of CO2 fertilization are ignored. We utilize the open-source Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas to create a Water Scarcity Index composed of ten hydrological variables. The index reveals high water scarcity across crop breadbaskets in India, China, and the United States. If the ability to irrigate breadbaskets was eliminated due to water scarcity, the likelihood of crop failures would increase. Shifts in breadbaskets may cross national borders as crop yields will increase in Canada and decrease in the US as a response to a changing climate. Our analysis highlights top producing agricultural regions that have historically provided the global food system with large quantities of one or more major crops, but will face challenges in continuing to do so due to climate change and growing water scarcity.
Characteristics of medium-low rank coal blending on performance and efficiency steam power plant
Authors: Hendri  , Nurhasanah R , Lubis A F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Blending medium rank coal (MRC) with low-rank coal (LRC) is carried out to meet the caloric content which follows the boiler specifications. Negative effects of blending with LRC are environmental, specific fuel consumption (SFC), and efficiency issues. The purpose of this research is the optimum blending composition of LRC and MRC coal, which can be used by power plants. The research methodology used is to simulate coal blending with MRC percentage in the MRC-LRC from 0, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The type of coal used is categorized in MRC1, MRC2, LRC1, LRC2, LRC3. The combination used is MRC1-LRC1, MRC1-LRC2, and MRC2-LRC3. From the analysis obtained, if the MRC percentage in MRC-LRC blending increases, losses will decrease mass flow will decrease, SFC will decrease, and boiler efficiency will increase. Blending MRC2-LRC3 has the lowest losses, low mass flow with an average of 298.78 ton/h, low SFC with an average of 0.466 kg/kWh, and boiler efficiency between 84.85% to 85.71 %. Blending MRC2-LRC3 is most recommended for use in combustion plant with a minimum MRC2 percentage of 50%.
Optimization of shell and tube heat exchanger using the water cycle algorithm
Authors: Hanafi M F I M , Bahreininejad A , Uddin N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The shell and tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are used to transfer the thermal energy between two or more media. Due to its importance for conserving energy, numerous studies of heat exchanger design optimization have been carried out. The traditional design approaches are usually time-consuming, and may not guarantee to produce an economically optimal solution. A complete optimization procedure was conducted to find the minimum cost of the heat exchanger system. Heat exchanger design optimization was carried out using a recently proposed optimization algorithm called the water cycle algorithm (WCA). Three design variables are considered consisting of the shell inside diameter, tube outer diameter, and baffle spacing. The total annual costs which include the investment costs and the operating costs will be considered as the objective function.
Classification of Civet and Canephora coffee using Support-Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm based on order-1 feature extraction
Authors: Suyoto R Z H , Komarudin M , Nama G F , Yulianti T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Identification of coffee beans types is a process carried out in determining the category of civet and robusta coffee. The selection of civet coffee manually by the community in determining the variety of coffee beans. Manual selection makes the process slow. There is no certainty whether the selected coffee stated original civet coffee or a mixture with Robusta coffee. It needs to be built a system in identifying the types of coffee beans. In this study, the classification technology used for the selection process of Civet and Robusta coffee beans. This research uses first-order feature extraction with the Support-Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm, which aims to recognize civet and robusta coffee beans’ patterns using texture analysis on grayscale images and feature extraction. In the study, the authors used the Rapid Application Development approach to build the selection system. The data used in this study were 120 images, consisting of 110 training data and 10 test data. The accuracy in identifying the types of coffee beans by using this method is 87.27%.
Geophysical approach for assessment of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Rustadi  , Darmawan I G B , Haerudin N , Suharno  , Setiawan A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOverexploitation in 1980-2000 caused a lot of groundwater loss in the aquifer coastal of Bandar Lampung. Groundwater has been degraded with increasing salinity due to the intrusion of seawater. In 2013, the intrusion extended 400 m from the coastline. Subsurface geological mapping is carried out to examine alluvial formation’s material constituents and the ability to transfer seawater to land. Three well explorations combined with three geoelectric tomography and 51 points of gravity. The gravity method is used to map structures that can connect coastal aquifers and land aquifers. Meanwhile, geoelectric tomography to map the presence of aquifers and low resistivity zones by seawater intrusion. The coastline has relatively shallow aquifers at a depth of 2-10 m in a sand layer with coral inserts, while the lower part is composed of silt and clay. The aquifer has experienced a decrease in resistivity of fewer than 10 ohms.m appears in the three circular patterns, caused by seawater. In addition to the permeable zone of shallow aquifers, there is a northwest-southeast trending structure that can channel seawater to land aquifers.
Investigation of conical draft tube of Kaplan turbine with spiral liner and without spiral liner using CFD simulation
Authors: Sirojuddin  , Ekayana I , Nugroho B C H , Aziz H R , Kholil A , Harahap S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The draft tube is a component in the Kaplan turbine to create positive suction pressure using kinetic energy that is not used when leaving the turbine runner and increasing turbine power efficiency. This research aimed to find out the highest efficiency of variant geometries of a conical draft tube with spiral liner and without the spiral liner. The design geometry was processed using 2D software and 3D using Inventor and simulated in CFD software. The inlet water discharge was 0.1 m³s−1 with head 5 m and theoretical turbine power 4.9 kW. Based on the simulation results showed that the spiral liner draft tube variant was the best power and efficiency.
Batik wastewater treatment by the hydrodynamic cavitation and Ozonation with coagulation-flocculation pretreatment
Authors: Saputra A E , Siahaan I N J , Karamah E F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wastewater discharged by Batik’s industry still contains a high concentration of dyes and pollutants, thus can contaminate the water’s ecosystem. Because of that, in this study, Batik wastewater was treated by the hydrodynamic cavitation, ozonation, and combination of those two. By using PAC, a coagulation-flocculation-based pretreatment technic was conducted first to increase the effectiveness of the main wastewater treatment process. Then, variations in flow rate (2 L/min, 4 L/min, and 6 L/min) and initial pH of wastewater (4, 7, and 10) were evaluated to analyze its effect on the pH changing and the degradation of TSS, COD, color (Pt-Co), and TOC. The best result obtained from this research was by the application of the combination technic, which can eliminate 95.19%; 78.85%; 96.42%; and 60.56% of TSS, COD, color (Pt-Co), and TOC, respectively after 60 minutes treatment.
Influence of groundnut shell ash on compressive and tensile strengths of concrete
Authors: Samsunan  , Salena I Y , Rosiana  , Ruslaini  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Research objectives are to determine the effect of groundnut shell ash used as partial cement replacement on concrete compressive strength. Groundnut shell ash obtained from the combustion results and passed sieve No. 200. Design mix is 21.7 MPa, with different variation percentage of groundnut shell ash in the order of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% as partial replacement of cement for mixes. Total of 60 concrete specimens with 150 mm in diameter and height of 300 mm and tested for compression and tensile strength in 14 and 28 days. The result according to variations percentages in compression strength test on average at the age of 14 respectively were 18.495; 19.250; 20.382; 22.647 and 20.005 MPa. Whereas 28 days respectively were 18.495; 19.250; 20.382; 21.703 and 22.741 MPa. The results in tensile strength at the age of 14 respectively were 2.218; 2.029; 1.746; 1.557 and 1.463 MPa and 28-day age concrete respectively were 1.934; 2.029; 2.123; 2.029 and 1.840 MPa. The highest compressive and tensile strength in days 14 were 22.647 and 2.218, and in days, 28 were 22.741 and 2.123. It was observe that the strength has increased and groundnut shell ash seems promising material in concrete production.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite bioceramics from shells of serai snail and mangrove crab in Tanjung Jabung beach: effect of milling process
Authors: Utami R , Gustiono D , Effendi M D , Roseno S , Fahyuan H D , Nasri M Z 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate compound that is used as a substitute for damaged body tissues, such as bone and dental implants. HA has been synthesized from the serai snail shells and the mangrove crab of west Tanjung Jabung, Jambi province using the dry method. Calcination of the shell at 1000 °C for 12 hours produces CaO, then contact of CaO with air produces Ca(OH)2which is used as a source of calcium in HA synthesis. Milling time variations for 0 hours, 3 hours, and 6 hours. Sintering at 600 °C for 2 hours produces HA as characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and particle size analysis using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). HA which has the highest accuracy of lattice parameters is that which is milling for 3 hours. The diffraction pattern shows the formation of the HA phase accompanied by several other calcium phosphate phases at an angle of 2θ. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of PO43-and OH−groups from HA. PSA analysis shows the longer the milling makes the smaller particle size.
Physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-15Al alloy coating deposited at different voltage using thermal spray process
Authors: Yu-Song L , Bakar T A A , Ghandvar H , Fadil N A , Suhaili N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Steel is the most widely used metal on earth, cheap and found everywhere. It has good properties such as machinability, strength, ductility, and compatibility with other materials. However, it has weakness such as high corrosion rate which need to improve to achieve satisfying properties. The coating is one of the enhanced methods to improve the quality of steel coating methods are dipping and thermal deposition processes. Both processes have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, the thermal deposition method can produce a coating with better characteristics and performance. Zinc and aluminium are common metals to be used in the thermal spray process; however, a few parameters need to be concerned in the thermal spraying process. They include spraying voltage, spraying distance, deposition rate and applied current. The basic concept is that it melts the material and burst it to the substrate with high velocity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical and corrosion properties of thermal sprayed pure zinc, aluminum and Zn-15Al alloy coating on a mild steel plate. The experimental procedures include roughness, thickness, adhesion, SEM with EDX, and EIS tests. The results show that at 30V, the surface roughness becomes lower, zinc’s decreases from 7.30um to 6.55um, Zn-15Al’s is from 8.52um to 7.93um. For aluminium, its surface roughness increases at higher voltage, from 13.10um to 18.25um. For coating thickness, the value of zinc, aluminium and Zn-15Al of 20V and 30V spraying voltage decreased from 629um to 601um, 486um to 452um, 541um to 536um respectively. The reason for sprays the material at higher velocity to the substrate; these findings depicted smooth and dense coating. Based on SEM/EDX analysis on the cross-sectioned samples, there is no gap between the coating and substrate and demonstrates good coating adhesion. The Daimler-Benz adhesion test shows all coating samples demonstrate good adhesion as no failure at the indentation boundary. In the EIS corrosion test, the frequency range 0.1Hz to 100kHz in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution, the highest impedance shown by zinc, aluminium and Zn-15Al at 20V are 21, 2122 and 49ohms; at 30V, they possess 11, 1347 and 20ohms. It illustrates those coatings with lower spraying voltages demonstrate better corrosion resistance due to the higher coating thickness. Hence, the coating which owns the best properties in all aspects is pure aluminum coating.
Oils and water absorption behavior of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) fibers
Authors: Sukmawati A , Septiani W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article reports on the oil and water absorption behavior of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) fibres at room temperature. The material measured is a 100% raw material for Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) fibre, from 0.3 g to 1.5 g, and nonwoven structures made from 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10 mixture of Biduri and polyester. FTIR characterized the Biduri fibre, and the viscosity of used oil measured using Brookfield viscometer. The higher oils absorption at weight 0.3 g, 45.53 g/g, and water absorption at weight 0.3 g, 1.47 (g/g). The higher oil absorption at nonwoven structure showed at 90/10 composition, 42,86 g/g. It showed Biduri fibre is a natural absorbent that exhibits excellent hydrophobic and oleophilic properties.
Indonesian glider GL-1 spoiler preliminary design and computational fluid dynamics analysis using EASA CS-22 performance requirements
Authors: Mulyanto T , Zulkarnain M F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GL-1 is an Indonesian glider which is currently being developed using EASA CS-22 as its basis requirements. Spoiler is an important control mechanism in glider as it is used to control the glide slope of a glider. The design of spoiler includes configuration and dimension such as span, height, and position in wing. One of the requirements for spoiler design in EASA CS-22 is approach and dive performance. Compliance to the performance requirements needs aerodynamics analysis to find lift loss and drag gain due to spoiler extension. Several variable of spoiler dimension, such as the length, the height, and the gap, is varied to obtain a spoiler design which comply to the requirements. To simplify design and aerodynamic analysis process, a method of obtaining 3D aerodynamic characteristics from 2D airfoil with spoiler simulation is developed. 3D CFD simulations is used as a validation and to develop correcting factors. The spoiler dimension which complies to requirements are: 1.4-meter span, 90mm height, and location at 24 to 43% wing span.