bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body–Space Interactions: Same Spatial Encoding but Different Influence of Valence for Reaching and Defensive Purposes
Authors: Spaccasassi Chiara , Dijkerman H. Chris , Maravita Angelo , Ferrante Oscar , de Jong Maartje C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The space around our body, the so-called peripersonal space, is where interactions with nearby objects may occur. “Defensive space” and “Reaching space”, respectively, refer to two opposite poles of interaction between our body and the external environment: protecting the body and performing a goal-directed action. Here, we hypothesized that mechanisms underlying these two action spaces are differentially modulated by the valence of visual stimuli, as stimuli with negative valence are more likely to activate protective actions whereas stimuli with positive valence may activate approaching actions. To test whether such distinction in cognitive/evaluative processing exists between Reaching and Defensive spaces, we measured behavioral responses as well as neural activations over sensorimotor cortex using EEG while participants performed several tasks designed to tap into mechanisms underlying either Defensive (e.g., respond to touch) or Reaching space (e.g., estimate whether object is within reaching distance). During each task, pictures of objects with either positive or negative valence were presented at different distances from the participants' body. We found that Defensive space was smaller for positively compared with negatively valenced visual stimuli. Furthermore, sensorimotor cortex activation (reflected in modulation of beta power) during tactile processing was enhanced when coupled with negatively rather than positively valenced visual stimuli regarding Defensive space. On the contrary, both the EEG and behavioral measures capturing the mechanisms underlying Reaching space did not reveal any modulation by valence. Thus, although valence encoding had differential effects on Reaching and Defensive spaces, the distance of the visual stimulus modulated behavioral measures as well as activity over sensorimotor cortex (reflected in modulations of mu power) in a similar way for both types of spaces. Our results are compatible with the idea that Reaching and Defensive spaces involve the same distance-dependent neural representations of sensory input, whereas task goals and stimulus valence (i.e., contextual information) are implemented at a later processing stage and exert an influence on motor output rather than sensory/space encoding.
Different Behavioral Types of Distributional Preferences Are Characterized by Distinct Neural Signatures
Authors: Koch Katharina , Gianotti Lorena R. R. , Hausfeld Jan , Studler Mirjam , Knoch Daria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are many situations where resources are distributed between two parties and where the deciding party has information about the initial distribution and can change its outcome, for example, the allocation of budget for funds or bonuses, where the deciding party might have self-interested motives. Although the neural underpinnings of distributional preferences of resources have been extensively studied, it remains unclear if there are different types of distributional preferences and if these types underlie different disposing neural signatures. We used source-localized resting EEG in combination with a data-driven clustering approach to participants' behavior in a distribution game in order to disentangle the neural sources of the different types of distributional preferences. Our findings revealed four behavioral types: Maximizing types always changed initial distributions to maximize their personal outcomes, and compliant types always left initial distributions unchanged. Disadvantage-averse types only changed initial distributions if they received less than the other party did, and equalizing types primarily changed initial distributions to fair distributions. These behavioral types differed regarding neural baseline activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Maximizing and compliant types showed the highest baseline activation, followed by disadvantage-averse types and equalizing types. Furthermore, maximizing types showed significantly higher baseline activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex compared to compliant types. Taken together, our findings show that different types of distributional preferences are characterized by distinct neural signatures, which further imply differences in underlying psychological processes in decision-making.
Neural Correlates of Task-order Preparation in Dual Tasks: An EEG Study
Authors: Steinhauser Robert , Kübler Sebastian , Steinhauser Marco , Schubert Torsten 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dual-task scenarios require a coordinated regulation of the processing order of component tasks in light of capacity limitations during response selection. A number of behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest a distinct set of control processes involved in preparing this task order. In this study, we investigated electrophysiological correlates of task-order preparation in a variant of the overlapping dual-task paradigm with cue-determined task order that resulted in trials with blockwise fixed task order as well as trials with repeated and switched task order in blocks with variable task order. During the cue–stimulus interval, we found an earlier centroparietal order-mixing positivity and a later parietal order-switch positivity. A decoding approach based on multivariate pattern analysis showed that the order-mixing positivity is a necessary prerequisite for successful order selection, whereas the order-switch positivity appears to facilitate the implementation of a new task order after its selection. These correlates of order preparation share striking similarities to commonly found potentials involved in the preparation of individual tasks in the (single-)task-switching paradigm, which is strong empirical support for the account that the underlying preparatory processes are to be considered as higher-level control signals that are implemented independently of specific task representations.
A Biologically Plausible Neural Network for Multichannel Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Lipshutz David , Bahroun Yanis , Golkar Siavash , Sengupta Anirvan M. , Chklovskii Dmitri B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cortical pyramidal neurons receive inputs from multiple distinct neural populations and integrate these inputs in separate dendritic compartments. We explore the possibility that cortical microcircuits implement canonical correlation analysis (CCA), an unsupervised learning method that projects the inputs onto a common subspace so as to maximize the correlations between the projections. To this end, we seek a multichannel CCA algorithm that can be implemented in a biologically plausible neural network. For biological plausibility, we require that the network operates in the online setting and its synaptic update rules are local. Starting from a novel CCA objective function, we derive an online optimization algorithm whose optimization steps can be implemented in a single-layer neural network with multicompartmental neurons and local non-Hebbian learning rules. We also derive an extension of our online CCA algorithm with adaptive output rank and output whitening. Interestingly, the extension maps onto a neural network whose neural architecture and synaptic updates resemble neural circuitry and non-Hebbian plasticity observed in the cortex.
Stimulus-Driven and Spontaneous Dynamics in Excitatory-Inhibitory Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequence Representation
Authors: Rajakumar Alfred , Rinzel John , Chen Zhe S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been widely used to model sequential neural dynamics (“neural sequences”) of cortical circuits in cognitive and motor tasks. Efforts to incorporate biological constraints and Dale's principle will help elucidate the neural representations and mechanisms of underlying circuits. We trained an excitatory-inhibitory RNN to learn neural sequences in a supervised manner and studied the representations and dynamic attractors of the trained network. The trained RNN was robust to trigger the sequence in response to various input signals and interpolated a time-warped input for sequence representation. Interestingly, a learned sequence can repeat periodically when the RNN evolved beyond the duration of a single sequence. The eigenspectrum of the learned recurrent connectivity matrix with growing or damping modes, together with the RNN's nonlinearity, were adequate to generate a limit cycle attractor. We further examined the stability of dynamic attractors while training the RNN to learn two sequences. Together, our results provide a general framework for understanding neural sequence representation in the excitatory-inhibitory RNN.
Analogy-Related Information Can Be Accessed by Simple Addition and Subtraction of fMRI Activation Patterns, Without Participants Performing any Analogy Task
Authors: Wu Meng-Huan , Anderson Andrew J. , Jacobs Robert A. , Raizada Rajeev D. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Analogical reasoning, for example, inferring that teacher is to chalk as mechanic is to wrench, plays a fundamental role in human cognition. However, whether brain activity patterns of individual words are encoded in a way that could facilitate analogical reasoning is unclear. Recent advances in computational linguistics have shown that information about analogical problems can be accessed by simple addition and subtraction of word embeddings (e.g., wrench = mechanic + chalk − teacher). Critically, this property emerges in artificial neural networks that were not trained to produce analogies but instead were trained to produce general-purpose semantic representations. Here, we test whether such emergent property can be observed in representations in human brains, as well as in artificial neural networks. fMRI activation patterns were recorded while participants viewed isolated words but did not perform analogical reasoning tasks. Analogy relations were constructed from word pairs that were categorically or thematically related, and we tested whether the predicted fMRI pattern calculated with simple arithmetic was more correlated with the pattern of the target word than other words. We observed that the predicted fMRI patterns contain information about not only the identity of the target word but also its category and theme (e.g., teaching-related). In summary, this study demonstrated that information about analogy questions can be reliably accessed with the addition and subtraction of fMRI patterns, and that, similar to word embeddings, this property holds for task-general patterns elicited when participants were not explicitly told to perform analogical reasoning.
How long is ‘a long term’ for sound change?
Authors: Voeten Cesko C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the adoption of ongoing community sound change by individuals by considering it as an instance of second-dialect acquisition. Four ongoing changes in Dutch, all involving the move from one-allophone to two-allophone systems, make this possible: these ongoing diachronic changes are simultaneously a source of synchronic variation between Netherlandic Dutch and Flemish Dutch. The paper investigates the adoption of these differences by sociolinguistic migrants: Flemish-Dutch speakers who migrated to the Netherlands to start their university studies. Participants were tracked over the course of nine months, using a rhyme-decision task and a word-list-reading task. Results show robust differences from Netherlandic-Dutch controls, which do not diminish over the nine months. While longer-term accommodation to these same changes has been found elsewhere, it appears that nine months is not enough time. The implications of these findings for various subfields of linguistics, particularly sound change and second-dialect acquisition, are discussed.
Trust-like Constructions in the Law of Ukraine
Authors: Buiadzhy Ganna V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
At the moment, two trust-like constructions co-exist in the law of Ukraine – the institution of property management and trust property. The article analyses the positions of well-known Ukrainian lawyers on the place of these legal structures in the civil law of Ukraine, as well as possible ways in which they might be further development. The author defines the concepts and researches the features of the institution of property management and trust property, establishes their common and distinctive features, and also emphasises the fundamental difference between it and the institution of trust, which exists in the common law. Particular attention in the article is devoted to defining the concept and specifics of securities management as a specific subject of civil law. The definition of the term ‘securities management contract’ and its characteristics are analysed.
Arbitrary Judicial Interference in Human Rights Guaranteed by the Convention
Authors: Slipchenko Svyatoslav A. , Syniehubov Oleh V. , Shyshka Aleksandr R. , Valakh Vikoriia V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to improve the approaches to the resolution of disputes arising from the arbitrary interference of the judiciary with human rights stipulated by the Convention. The methodological basis of this study consists of: the method of comparative legal analysis; the method of linguistic and systematic interpretation of legal texts; and synthesis of European Court of Human Rights decisions. The paper examines European Court of Human Rights decisions regarding arbitrary interference by the state with human rights. The authors of this scientific paper identify groups of the most common human rights breaches arising from the administration of justice by national courts. The results of the study suggest that it seems necessary and justified in any democratic society to have certain safeguards in the law of the respective state, namely, a certain set of legal safeguards against arbitrary interference with human rights by the judiciary.
The Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) of Bhutan, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Park Kyu-Tek , Gielis Cornelis (Cees) , Wangdi Karma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The family Lecithoceridae in Bhutan is reviewed, with descriptions of one new species in Torodora Meyrick, 1894, T. namgaydemae Park & Gielis, sp. n., and a new species in Thubana Walker, 1864, Th. bhutanica Park & Gielis, sp. n. An unnamed species of Torodora is presented and discussed. In addition eight species are reported for the first time from Bhutan: Torodora multispinata Park, 2020; T. macrosigna Gozmány, 1973; T. trigona Gozmány, 1973; T. quadrangulata Wadhawan & Walia, 2007; Lecithocera cornutima Park, 2009; L. nepalica Gozmány, 1973; Homaloxestis cicatrix Gozmány, 1973 and Eccedoxa selena Wu, 1994. Images of the adults and genitalia are provided for all species.
Saʿd b. Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna’s Writings and Transcriptions in the Maktabat al-Rawḍa al-Ḥaydariyya, Najaf
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper attempts to reconstruct the corpus of writings by Ibn Kammūna as well as his transcriptions of works by others that were kept in the Rawḍa al-Ḥaydariyya in Najaf during the early twentieth century. Additionally, the paper discusses a slim codex, which was sold by Dreweatts in 2019 (“Lot 69”) and resurfaced on the market in October 2020 when it was offered for auction by Sotheby’s as “Lot 406”. A tentative suggestion is made that the codex still belonged to the Rawḍa at the beginning of the twentieth century. The appendix includes a facsimile of the codex, which contains Ibn Kammūna’s Talkhīṣ Lubāb al-manṭiq wa-khulāṣat al-ḥikma, comprising excerpts from a work by Najm al-Dīn al-Nakhjiwānī, in order to support future scholarship on Ibn Kammūna and al-Nakhjiwānī.
Centrifugal Waves in Tornado-Like Vortices: Kelvin’s Solutions and Their Applications to Multiple-Vortex Development and Vortex Breakdown
Authors: Dahl Johannes M. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbout 140 years ago, Lord Kelvin derived the equations describing waves that travel along the axis of concentrated vortices such as tornadoes. Although Kelvin’s vortex waves, also known as centrifugal waves, feature prominently in the engineering and fluid dynamics literature, they have not attracted as much attention in the field of atmospheric science. To remedy this circumstance, Kelvin’s elegant derivation is retraced, and slightly generalized, to obtain solutions for a hierarchy of vortex flows that model basic features of tornado-like vortices. This treatment seeks to draw attention to the important work that Lord Kelvin did in this field, and reveal the remarkably rich structure and dynamics of these waves. Kelvin’s solutions help explain the vortex breakdown phenomenon routinely observed in modeled tornadoes, and it is shown that his work is compatible with the widely used criticality condition put forth by Benjamin in 1962. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Kelvin’s treatment, with the slight generalization, includes unstable wave solutions that have been invoked to explain some aspects of the formation of multiple-vortex tornadoes. The analysis of the unstable solutions also forms the basis for determining whether, for example, an axisymmetric or a spiral vortex breakdown occurs. Kelvin’s work thus helps explain some of the visible features of tornado-like vortices.
Race-Related Differences in the Clinical Presentation and Histopathologic Features of Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Johnson Helen M. , Mohamed Anas , Hassan Muhammad M. , Geradts Joseph , Geisel Lauren , Vohra Nasreen A. , Wong Jan H. 
Published: June 2021

Background Phyllodes tumor (PT) is a rare fibroepithelial lesion of the breast with variable malignant potential. Black women have a higher incidence of a related benign tumor, fibroadenoma, but there are limited epidemiological data on PT. The aim of our study was to evaluate race-related differences in the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of PT. Methods Our institutional pathology database was queried for breast specimen reports from 01/2009 to 10/2019 to identify patients with a pathologic diagnosis of PT. Chart review and detailed slide review were performed to obtain clinical and histopathologic variables, respectively. Results Among twelve patients, two had malignant PT, three had borderline PT, and seven had benign PT. All patients with malignant and borderline PT were black, compared with 29% of those with benign PT. There were no apparent race-related differences in specific histopathologic features among black vs. non-black women with benign PT. Malignant and borderline PT were relatively larger than benign PT, with mean tumor sizes of 9.0 cm (standard deviation [SD] 4.7 cm), 12.2 cm (SD 9.4 cm), and 5.4 cm (SD 5.8 cm), respectively. Two women had a local recurrence, both of whom were black. Discussion In this single-institution retrospective study, we observed disproportionate rates of aggressive histopathologic features and disparate outcomes among black women with PT. A multi-institutional PT registry would facilitate improved knowledge about race-related differences in the presentation and outcomes of this rare tumor.
Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Apex Decompression for Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Shaikh Noah , Leonard Anthony , Patton Caitlyn , Boo SoHyun , Nguyen John , Turner Meghan 
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement This case report demonstrates a novel approach to treating a rare indirect carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) and associated abducens palsy. Although endovascular treatment is the standard of care in the management of CCFs, it was contraindicated in this patient. Instead, she underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with decompression of the medial orbital apex, including the cavernous sinus and optic nerve, with complete resolution of headache, lateral gaze palsy, and diplopia within 2 months.
The clinical guiding value of a radiomics model for androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Yu Na , Wang Baoping , Ren Jialiang , Wu Hui , Gao Yang , Liu Aishi , Niu Guangming 
Published: June 2021

Objective Three models were used to evaluate prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and to determine the value of detecting residual lesions after treatment. Methods We retrospectively analysed patients with prostate cancer who received ADT from January 2018 to June 2019. Patients were divided into ADT responder and ADT non-responder groups, and clinical risk factors were determined. Regions of interest were manually contoured on each slice on fat-saturated-T2-weighted imaging, and radiomic features were extracted. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression were used to establish radiomics, clinical and combined models. Results There were 23 ADT non-responders and 20 ADT responders. In the clinical model, total prostate-specific antigen concentration and T stage were independent predictors of efficacy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.774). The characteristics, MinIntensity and Correlation_ angle135_offset4 indicated an effective clinical model (AUC = 0.807). GLCMEntropy_ AllDirection_offset1_SD was the best feature to differentiate residual lesions from the central gland (CG) (Lesion-CG model, AUC = 0.955). Correlation_angle135_offset4, GLCMEntropy_ AllDirection_offset4_SD and GLCMEntropy_AllDirection_offset7_SD differentiated residual lesions from the peripheral zone (PZ) (Lesion-PZ model, AUC = 0.855). The AUC for the combined model was 0.904. Conclusions Our models can guide the clinical treatment of patients with different ADT responses. Furthermore, the radiomics model can detect prostate cancer that is non-responsive to ADT.
Frequency of beta S globin gene haplotypes among sickle cell patients in Nigeria
Authors: Adabale Abosede , Makanjuola Samira Batista Lobo , Akinbami Akinsegun , Dosunmu Adedoyin , Akanmu Alani , Javid Farideh A , Ajonuma Louis C 
Published: June 2021

Objective To determine the frequency of beta s globin gene haplotypes in Nigerian patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and to measure their correlation with clinical and haematological characteristics. Methods This study enrolled patients with SCD and collected their peripheral blood for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in order to identify five polymorphic sites in the β-globin gene cluster. Results A total of 245 homozygous SCD patients (490 alleles) were included in the study. Among the analysed alleles, 426 (86.9%) had the Benin (BEN) haplotype; 19 (3.9%) had the Senegal (SEN) haplotype; 31 (6.3%) had the Cameroon haplotype; five (1.0%) had the Bantu/Central African Republic haplotype; and nine 9 (1.8%) had atypical haplotypes. No significant association was observed between the haplotypes and haematological events, although patients with the BEN/SEN haplotype showed improved red blood cell counts, haemoglobin levels and red blood cell width index. No significant association was observed between the haplotypes and the three clinical manifestations, although patients with the BEN/SEN haplotype showed a four-fold lower frequency of painful episodes. Conclusion These findings suggest that the SEN haplotype combined with the BEN haplotype might contribute toward a better haematological profile and milder clinical severity in SCD.