bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated digitization of radial charts
Authors: Vasilyeva Nataliya , Boikov Aleksei , Erokhina Olga , Trifonov Andrei 
Published: May 2021

Radial charts were commonly used in the industry to allow retrospective assessment of technological parameters. Today it is relevant to digitize the obtained data in order to simplify the automation of technological processes. Digitization of radial charts by means of standard methods is carried out with the help of human labor at significant time costs. The article proposes an automated method for digitizing radial charts using software, developed in the LabVIEW programming environment. The results of processing radial charts are displayed on the screen in numerical and graphical form, and can also be exported to a file (for example, to Notepad or MS Excel). The presented technique can be applied to images obtained on a color or black-and-white scanner, which minimizes geometric distortions, associated with the conversion of a paper document into electronic form, and ensures recognition quality of the clear plot line with an average relative error of up to 3 %. In case of ink fading or perspective photos of the diagram, the value of relative error can reach 8 %, as a result of which additional manual correction of the data will be required.
“My Own Old English Friends”: Networking Anglican Settler Colonialism at the Shingwauk Home, Huron College, and Western University
Authors: Cross Natalie , Peace Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Focusing on Huron College, Shingwauk Residential School, and Western University, this article considers how common social and financial networks were instrumental in each institution’s beginnings. Across the Atlantic, these schools facilitated the development of networks that brought together settlers, the British, and a handful of Indigenous individuals for the purposes of building a new society on Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe Land. Looking specifically at the activities of Huron’s principal, Isaac Hellmuth, and Shingwauk’s principal, Rev. Edward F. Wilson, the article demonstrates how ideas about empire, Christian benevolence, and resettlement entwined themselves in the institutions these men created. Specifically, Anglican fundraising in both Canada and England reinforced the importance of financial networks, but also drew upon and crafted an Indigenous presence within these processes. Analyzing the people, places, and ideologies that connected Huron, Western, and Shingwauk demonstrates how residential schools and post-secondary education were ideologically—and financially—part of a similar, if not common, project. As such, the article provides a starting point for considering how divergent colonial systems of schooling were intertwined to serve the developing settler-colonial project in late nineteenth-century Ontario.
Students’ Viewpoint: Challenges and Preparation of Medical Students for Final Clinical Examination during COVID-19
Authors: Mohd Bakhit Nour Hanan Daniah , Muhammad Saifullah Ahmad Anwaar , Jailani Ruhi Fadzlyana 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the clinical attachment for medical students to be deferred in ensuring reduction of viral transmission. Patients encounter was near impossible, thus suspending medical students’ clinical skills on real patients. Despite this, the final examination had to be conducted. Hence, appropriate planning was made to ensure candidates were well prepared. A paradigm shift was made by Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) with regards to the medical education delivery and the final undergraduate examination organization. The traditional in-person teaching and learning sessions were converted to video conferences and small group discussions to ensure social distancing. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) consisting of sixteen manned and twenty unmanned stations were introduced to replace the conventional one long and three short cases clinical examinations. The pandemic became the biggest obstacle for the final year medical students physically and psychologically. Familiarisation with the new format of learning and examination has to be made within three months. Online learning materials became resourceful during revisions. Simulated OSCE conducted by the lecturers, were advantageous to the students in ensuring familiarity to the new examination technique. Role-plays involving students’ family members and colleagues as patients, aided the candidates to rehearse their physical examinations and history taking techniques. The intensive teaching and learning sessions have enabled the candidates to be equipped with the new examination requirement. Reflection: Generally, candidates favour OSCE over traditional clinical examinations. This preponderance was due to OSCE capability in assessing the entire aspects of knowledge and skills in variable rotations throughout medical school.
Consequences and Adaptations in Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Medical Students’ Perspective in a Malaysian Public Institution
Authors: Muhammad Saifullah Ahmad Anwaar , Mohd Bakhit Nour Hanan Daniah , Sanip Suhaila , Omar Mohd Rahman , Abdul Muna'aim Maimunah 
Published: May 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become one of the most disastrous health crises
of the present world.
The COVID-19 pandemic imposes unprecedented challenges for medical education globally. We describe how the pandemic has disrupted the medical education landscape from the students' perspectives and how medical students from a public higher institution adapted to the changes made to comply with the various government agencies' guidelines to contain the spread of COVID-19 while fulfilling the course requirements. The utilisation of numerous innovative online applications enabled the students to participate in numerous teaching and learning activities (TLA) with more flexible scheduling of the classes, participated in a series of online case-based discussions, clinical practice guideline (CPG) discussions, case presentations and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) simulations. Students also joined TLAs conducted by other institutions both locally and abroad. In addition, students had collaborated among themselves and students from other institutions to conduct online peer-teaching activities. Perhaps, the main challenges for online classes were being unable to perform medical procedures and technical issues, commonly the poor internet connectivity. In regard to physical examinations, students performed it on members of their household instead of real patients. Learning medicine from a distance also gave us an opportunity to
taste telemedicine which may be the future of medical practice. Students and academics should be adaptive, resourceful and resilient in facing these changes together. The institution needs to look at all stakeholders' perspectives to respond to the changes in the medical education landscape.
Residência multiprofissional em saúde: As relações profissionais do enfermeiro-preceptor com os demais atores sociais
Authors: Silva Verônica Caé da , Viana Ligia de Oliveira , Rasche Alexandra Schmitt , Aperibense Pacita Geovana Gama de Sousa 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: descrever o relacionamento profissional dos atores sociais da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS) com o enfermeiro-preceptor. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso único. O cenário foi o Instituto de Atenção à Saúde São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (HESFA/UFRJ) que possui dois Programas de RMS: Saúde da Mulher (RMS-SM) e Saúde da Família e Comunidade (RMS-SFC). Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevista, observação e análise documental. Participaram do estudo 46 profissionais. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/HESFA/ UFRJ sob o número de Parecer: 776.075 e de CAAE: 34835714.0.0000.5238. Resultados: As atividades que os tutores, docentes, preceptores, coordenadores e residentes (atores sociais) desenvolveram junto ao enfermeiro-preceptor foram distintas visando principalmente à garantia do funcionamento dos programas. Os atores sociais descreveram sua relação profissional na residência junto ao enfermeiro-preceptor, com maior ou menor aproximação, dependendo da função que desempenhavam. Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância da construção de um trabalho coletivo e colaborativo para mudanças efetivas nas práticas dos cenários de saúde, estreitando os vínculos interprofissionais entre todos os protagonistas da RMS.
Environmental Factors Associated With Loa loa Microfilaria Prevalence and Intensity in Diverse Bioecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Badia-Rius Xavier , Betts Hannah , Wanji Samuel , Molyneux David , Taylor Mark J. , Kelly-Hope Louise A. 
Published: May 2021

Loiasis (African Eye Worm) is a filarial infection caused by Loa loa and transmitted by Chrysops vectors, which are confined to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa. Loiasis is a major impediment to control and elimination programmes that use the drug ivermectin due to the risk of serious adverse events. There is an urgent need to better refine and map high-risk communities. This study aimed to quantify and predict environmental factors associated with loiasis across five bioecological zones in Cameroon. The L. loa microfilaria (mf) prevalence (%) and intensity (mf number/ml) data from 42 villages within an Equatorial Rainforest and Savannah region were examined in relation to climate, topographic and forest-related data derived from satellite remote sensing sources. Differences between zones and regions were examined using nonparametric tests, and the relationship between L. loa mf prevalence, mf intensity, and the environmental factors using polynomial regression models. Overall, the L. loa mf prevalence was 11.6%, L. loa intensity 927.4 mf/ml, mean annual temperature 23.7°C, annual precipitation 2143.2 mm, elevation 790 m, tree canopy cover 46.7%, and canopy height 19.3m. Significant differences between the Equatorial Rainforest and Savannah region were found. Within the Equatorial Rainforest region, no significant differences were found. However, within the Savannah region, significant differences between the three bioecological zones were found, and the regression models indicated that tree canopy cover and elevation were significant predictors, explaining 85.1% of the L. loa mf prevalence (adjusted R2 = 0.851; p&lt;0.001) and tree cover alone was significant, explaining 58.1% of the mf intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.581; p&lt;0.001). The study highlights that environmental analysis can help delineate risk at different geographical scales, which may be practical for developing larger scale operational plans for mapping and implementing safe effective interventions.
Inflammatory Immune Cytokine TNF-α Modulates Ezrin Protein Activation via FAK/RhoA Signaling Pathway in PMVECs Hyperpermeability
Authors: Zhou Qun , Jiang Jianjun , Chen Guanjun , Qian Cheng , Sun Gengyun 
Published: May 2021

Background: One of the important pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the dysfunction of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier induced by a hyperinflammatory immune response. However, the potential mechanisms of such an imbalance in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) are not yet understood.Purpose: Explore the molecular mechanism of endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by inflammatory immune cytokines in ARDS, and find a therapeutic target for this syndrome.Methods: Rat PMVECs were cultured to form a monolayer. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were selected to detect the distribution and the expression level of phosphorylated Ezrin protein and Ezrin protein. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and transendothelial fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized to measure the permeability of the cell monolayer. Ezrin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and Ezrin 567-site threonine mutant (EzrinT567A) were used to examine the role of Ezrin protein and phosphorylated Ezrin protein in endothelial response induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively. The function of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) signaling pathways were estimated by inhibitors and RhoA/FAK shRNA in TNF-α-stimulated rat PMVECs. The activation of FAK and RhoA was assessed by Western blotting or pull-down assay plus Western blotting.Results: The TER was decreased after TNF-α treatment, while the Ezrin protein phosphorylation was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was localized primarily at the cell periphery, resulting in filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement, followed by a significant decrease in TER and increase in fluxes of FITC-BSA. Moreover, FAK and RhoA signaling pathways were required in the phosphorylation of Ezrin protein, and the former positively regulated the latter.Conclusion: The phosphorylated Ezrin protein was induced by TNF-α via the FAK/RhoA signaling pathway leading to endothelial hyperpermeability in PMVECs.
Laparoscopic vs. Open Repair Surgery for the Treatment of Communicating Hydrocele in Children: A Retrospective Study From a Single Center
Authors: Liu Jie , Tang Rui , Wang Xiao , Sui Bangzhi , Jin Zhiyuan , Xu Xudong , Zhu Qinghua , Chen Jin , Ma Honglong , Duan Guangqi 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic repair (LR) and open repair (OR) surgery for communicating hydrocele in children.Patients and Methods: We collected the clinical data and follow-up data of all boys (&lt;14 years) who underwent communicating hydrocele surgery in the pediatric surgery department at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2017 to December 2018 and retrospectively analyzed the data.Results: In this study, 155 patients were retrospectively enrolled, including 90 patients in the OR group and 65 patients in the LR group. There were significant differences in operation time and the recurrence of hydrocele between the two groups. The persistence of scrotal swelling in the LR group was significantly lower than that in the OR group. There was no significant difference in postoperative hospitalization time or incision infection rate between the two groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that laparoscopic treatment of children with communicating hydrocele has the advantages of a hidden incision, a shortened operation time, and a reduced postoperative recurrence rate and can be used as the preferred surgical method. However, laparoscopic treatment should be selected according to the specific condition of each child and cannot completely replace traditional open surgery.
The Market for Bidis, Smokeless Tobacco, and Cigarettes in India: Evidence From Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Five States
Authors: Welding Kevin , Iacobelli Michael , Saraf Sejal , Smith Katherine Clegg , Puntambekar Namrata , Gupta Prakash C. , Cohen Joanna E. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Compare the brand availability, pricing and presence of illicit products in semi-urban and rural areas in India across product types and states.Methods: In late 2017, 382 unique tobacco products were purchased from localities with populations under 50,000 in the states of Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Brand, printed maximum retail price, price paid, tax, and health warning labels (HWLs) were used to compare the market for bidis, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and cigarettes.Results: Brand availability and pricing of SLT products was similar to cigarettes. Brand availability and pricing of bidis was consistent with having many small producers. Bidis and single serving SLT with spice mixtures were more affordable than cigarettes and SLT sold alone. 2% of SLT and 10% of cigarettes did not feature an India HWL.Conclusion: The elimination of single serving SLT packets and the removal of tax exemptions for small producers, often exploited by bidi producers, could reduce their respective affordability. State differences in illegal and illicit products could indicate a greater need for enforcement in some states.
Metal substrate modulation for realizing a more compact whispering-gallery microcavity
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , Yang Liquan , Gu Fuxing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The compact cavity is always conducive to the integration and application of the devices based on whispering gallery modes. However, it is a challenge to strike a balance between the pursuit of a smaller cavity and higher quality. Here, we propose a low-loss cavity by combining a microsphere with a metal substrate, thereby compressing the cavity size by 24%. In addition, the substrate-modulated cavity is found to have a higher confinement factor and Purcell factor, showing the good prospect for realizing high-performance compact lasers.
The Interconnection between Students’ Emotional Intelligence and their Interpersonal Conflict Behaviours
Authors: Казаренков В.И. , Карнелович М.М. , Казаренкова Т.Б. 
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемные вопросы эмоционально-личностной детерминации конфликтного межличностного взаимодействия.
Цель исследования — определить связь эмоциональных свойств личности студентов разного пола и стратегий их поведения в межличностных конфликтах.
Методика исследования — тестирование, методы описательной статистики, критерий сравнения U Манна — Уитни, корреляционный анализ по Спирмену.
Приведены результаты эмпирического исследования свойств эмоциональной сферы и стратегий поведения студентов в конфликтном межличностном взаимодействии. Раскрыты уровни выраженности аффективности и тревожности личности и специфические особенности поведения студентов разных полов в межличностных конфликтах.
Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при проведении мероприятий профилактической и коррекционной направленности, ориентированных на коррекцию тревожности и обучение студентов сотрудничеству и компромиссу в конфликтогенных ситуациях межличностного взаимодействия.
The article treats issues associated with emotional intelligence and interpersonal conflict behaviours.
The aim of the research is to identify the connection between male and female students’ personality traits and their interpersonal conflict behaviour strategies.
The authors employ such methods of research as testing, descriptive statistics, the Mann-Witney U test, the Spearman correlation analysis.
The article provides the results of an empirical investigation of students’ emotional intelligence and their interpersonal conflict behaviours.
The article singles out various levels of affectivity and anxiety and investigates behavioural patterns adopted by male and female students in conflict situations.
The results of the research can be used to perform preventive and corrective actions aimed at the reduction of anxiety levels in students and at teaching students to collaborate and seek compromise in interpersonal conflict situations.
Photometric Variability as a Proxy for Magnetic Activity and Its Dependence on Metallicity
Authors: See Victor , Roquette Julia , Amard Louis , Matt Sean P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding how the magnetic activity of low-mass stars depends on their fundamental parameters is an important goal of stellar astrophysics. Previous studies have shown that activity levels are largely determined by the stellar Rossby number, defined as the rotation period divided by the convective turnover time. However, we currently have little information on the role played by chemical composition. In this work, we investigate how metallicity affects magnetic activity, using photometric variability as an activity proxy. Similarly to other proxies, we demonstrate that the amplitude of photometric variability is well parameterized by the Rossby number, although in a more complex way. We also show that variability amplitude and metallicity are generally positively correlated. This trend can be understood in terms of the effect of metallicity on stellar structure, and hence the convective turnover time (or, equivalently, the Rossby number). Lastly, we demonstrate that the metallicity dependence of photometric variability results in a rotation-period detection bias, whereby the periods of metal-rich stars are more easily recovered for stars of a given mass.
The Dusty Heart of NGC 4151 Revealed by λ ∼ 1–40 μm Reverberation Mapping and Variability: A Challenge to Current Clumpy Torus Models
Authors: Lyu 吕 Jianwei 建伟 , Rieke George H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We probe the dusty environment of the archetypical Type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4151 with comprehensive IR reverberation mapping over several decades, in the J (∼1.22 μm), H (∼1.63 μm), K (∼2.19 μm), L (∼3.45 μm), and N bands (∼10.6 μm), plus multiple measurements at 20–40 μm. At 1–4 μm, the hot dust reverberation signals come from two distinct dust populations at separate radii (∼0.033 pc and ∼0.076 pc), with temperatures of ∼1500–2500 K and ∼900–1000 K, consistent with the expected properties of sublimating graphite and silicate dust grains. The domination of the torus infrared output by carbon and silicate grains near their sublimation temperatures and radii may account for the general similarity of AGN near-IR spectral energy distributions. The torus inner edge defined by the hottest dust remains at roughly the same radius independent of the AGN optical luminosity over ∼25 yr. The emission by hot dust warmed directly by the optical/UV AGN output has increased gradually by ∼4% yr−1, indicating a possibly growing torus. A third dust component at ∼700 K does not seem to participate directly in the IR reverberation behavior, and its emission may originate deep in the circumnuclear torus. We find a reverberation signal at ∼10 μm with an inferred radius for the warm dust of ∼2.2–3.1 pc. The lack of variability at 20–40 μm indicates that the far-IR emission comes from even more extended regions. The torus properties revealed by dust reverberation analysis are inconsistent with predictions from pure clumpy torus models. Instead, the longer-wavelength emission possibly originates in a flared torus or the polar wind.
A Deep Chandra X-Ray Observatory Study of the Millisecond Pulsar Population in the Globular Cluster Terzan 5
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Bahramian Arash , Heinke Craig O. , Freire Paulo C. C. , Hessels Jason W. T. , Ransom Scott M. , Stairs Ingrid H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of 745.8 ks of archival Chandra X-Ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer data accumulated between 2000 and 2016 of the millisecond pulsar (MSP) population in the rich Galactic globular cluster Terzan 5. Eight of the 38 MSPs with precise positions are found to have plausible X-ray source matches. Despite the deep exposure, the remaining MSPs are either marginally detected or have no obvious X-ray counterparts, which can be attributed to the typically soft thermal spectra of rotation-powered MSPs, which are strongly attenuated by the high intervening absorbing column (∼1022 cm−2) toward the cluster, and in some instances to severe source crowding/blending. For the “redback” MSP binaries PSR J1748−2446P and PSR J1748−2446ad and the “black widow” binary system PSR J1748−2446O, we find clear evidence for large-amplitude X-ray variability at the orbital period consistent with an intrabinary shock origin. The third redback MSP in the cluster, PSR J1748−2446A, shows order-of-magnitude variations in flux on timescales of years, possibly due to state transitions or intense flaring episodes from a magnetically active secondary star.